bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language and social psychology research in Catalan sociolinguistics*
Authors: Comajoan-Colomé Llorenç , Strubell Miquel
Published: November 2022

This chapter reviews research in language and social psychology (LSP) as an academic area and investigates to what extent global trends are followed in Catalan sociolinguistics. The chapter is organized into three main sections. The first section reviews the relation between social psychology and sociolinguistics and provides definitions of the field and lays out the evolution of prominent themes in the study of LSP. The second section provides a chronological account of the main research topics in social psychology in Catalan sociolinguistics and shows that in the 1990–2010 period LSP research regarding Catalan was mostly dominated by studies in linguistic attitudes. In a later period, LSP became much more prominent in Catalan sociolinguistics, with a focus on attitudes, linguistic ideology, and issues connected to demographics (e.g., immigration). The third section concludes that LSP research is at the crossroads of research and practice, what is universal and what is contextual, and that the social impact of research in LSP in the Catalan-speaking territories (e.g., research on language attitudes) has been rather low.
Linguistic anthropology
Authors: Argenter Joan A.
Published: November 2022

Since ethnography is born out of anthropological science, the article focuses on ethnographic sociolinguistic research. From a theoretical and methodological framework, the notions of social meaning, speech community and context are dealt with and so is the role of indexicality, particularly non-referential indexicality. Subsequently, several phenomena that have been studied by Catalan sociolinguists following this line of research are identified and significant contributions in each area are underlined: language choice, code-switching, youth linguistic practices, social inequality and the ethnography of school, intercultural communication, language shift, language attrition and language death, language ideologies and historical linguistic ethnography. Finally, some contributions by Catalan anthropologists studying South American or African indigenous communities are described.
Paremias
Authors: Navarro-Brotons Lucía
Published: November 2022

La importancia del estudio de la fraseología en general, y de la paremiología en particular, viene avalada tanto por el interés que han suscitado las unidades fraseológicas desde la Antigüedad como porque los investigadores del tema ponen de manifiesto que se trata de la piedra angular del lexicón y acervo cultural de toda lengua. En este marco, esta monografía presenta un breve recorrido histórico de la paremiografía y paremiología en España y Francia; comprueba si existe un vacío cuantitativo y cualitativo en el tratamiento lexicográfico de las paremias en diccionarios sintagmáticos y generales tanto monolingües como bilingües; evidencia si son similares las características sintácticas de las paremias de las estructuras a/à y quien/qui en español y francés; determina si hay un tipo de variante paremiológica que predomine sobre las demás y establece los tipos de correspondencias paremiológicas existentes aplicables al ámbito traductológico.

The importance of studying phraseology in general, and paremiology in particular, is justified by the interest that phraseological units have aroused since ancient times, but also by the fact that researchers on the subject have shown that PUs are the cornerstone of the lexicon and the cultural heritage of any language. In this context, this monograph provides a brief historical overview of paremiography and paremiology in Spain and France; it determines whether there is a quantitative and qualitative gap in the lexicographical treatment of paremias in both monolingual and bilingual syntagmatic and general dictionaries; it determines whether the syntactic characteristics of the paremias of the structures a/à and quien/qui in Spanish and French are similar; it identifies whether there is one type of paremiological variant that is predominant over the others, and it defines the types of existing paremiological equivalences applicable to the field of translation.
Konkani
Authors: Dhongde Ramesh Vaman
Published: November 2022

Konkani is a modern Indo-Aryan language and a state language of the Indian state Goa. Until recently, it was considered a dialect of Marathi, but it is now considered an independent language. Konkani has several varieties, including the Manglore variety spoken in the south of Goa, the Gawdi variety spoken by the Gawda ethnic group, and the Goan (Panaji) variety. The latter is the focus of this description, and is the variety used in schools, media and state administration. The book provides a descriptive linguistic analysis of Konkani based on spoken and written data collected by the author during extensive fieldwork. The linguistic features of Konkani phonology, morphology, word-formation and syntax are described in detail, and where significant, compared with the Manglore and Gawdi varieties. Since Konkani is undergoing standardisation, and since it has close contact with Marathi, significant similarities and differences between the two languages are also discussed. Konkani has the honour of being the subject of the oldest European grammatical work on any Indian language: Thomas Stephens’ Arte da Lingoa Canarim published in 1640. This grammar is thus the most recent addition to the long tradition of Konkani grammars.
Static-fluid black hole and wormhole in three-dimensions
Authors: Mazharimousavi S Habib
Published: November 2022

We introduce the so-called static-fluid solutions in 2+1-dimensional spacetime. We assume the spacetime to be static and circular symmetric and for the perfect fluid we consider an equation of state (EoS) of the form

p

r

=
−

1
3

ρ

r

where r is the radial coordinate. Since, unlike the 3+1-dimensions, in 2+1-dimensions there is no vacuum solution other than the flat spacetime, our approach is not exactly the same as the 3+1-dimensions such that the static-fluid is accompanied by a cosmological constant. In addition to that, at first, we present a static solution supported by a static-fluid of constant energy-momentum tensor with a general EoS. Then, in the nonconstant energy-momentum tensor case, we introduce a large class of solutions. Depending on the values of the integration constants it implies black holes, wormholes, or cosmological solutions. Some of these solutions are closed in two-space which are considered for the first time in 2+1-dimensions. In both cases i.e. the constant and nonconstant energy-momentum tensor we imposed the satisfaction of conservation of the energy-momentum i.e.

∇

μ

T

μ
ν

=
0

.
Undergraduate students’ visualization of quantum mechanical eigenstates and the role of boundary conditions
Authors: Chhabra Mahima , Das Ritwick
Published: November 2022

Quantum mechanics (QM) is one of the core subject areas in the undergraduate physics curriculum and it is usually taught within an abstract framework. Visualization of concepts, such as energy eigenfunctions and their spatial dependence probability density, helps students to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of QM. The role played by ‘boundary conditions’ in a given quantum system primarily governs energy eigenvalues as well as eigenfunctions. Therefore, visualization of the impact of boundary conditions on eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are of immense significance in building a coherent cognitive structure. In this study, we attempt to explore the challenges faced by undergraduate students in visualizing the eigenfunctions when the potential distribution is well defined. The research was carried out within a qualitative framework, which involved interaction with a group of undergraduate students and critical analysis of the responses from a constructivist viewpoint. The outcomes pointed towards prevalent alternate conceptions in the understanding of eigenfunctions. Specifically, the results showed the difficulties students face in associating eigenfunctions with prescribed boundary conditions for a potential distribution. The qualitative method allows us to ascertain the exact bottleneck which obstructs the creation of a coherent model and, subsequently, provides a route to address such issues.
Formation of silver wires embedded in hydrogels using femtosecond laser ablation and electroplating for strain sensing
Authors: Zhao Pingping , Hu Jian , Chen Tao , Si Jinhai , Wu Jingping , Zhang Yu , Li Kaidi , Hou Xun
Published: November 2022

The formation process of conductive silver wires embedded in hydrogels using femtosecond laser ablation and electroplating was investigated. Implanted needle electrode was used as the cathode instead of a plate cathode in the previous report to perform electroplating. This improvement made reduced silver microstructures much easier to grow into the femtosecond-laser-ablated microchannels in the hydrogels, forming silver wires up to 20 mm long, one order of magnitude larger than the reported results. It also makes the growth process of the reduced microstructures observable. Results show that the growth speed increased with the increase of current and the decrease of femtosecond laser power and scanning speed. Besides, smooth and dense silver wires were formed at the optimal condition of a current of 5 mA, femtosecond laser power of 3 mW, and scanning speed of 10 μm s−1. Its resistivity was as low as ∼2.84 × 10−7 Ω m, smaller than that of rough silver wires. Moreover, the strain sensing performance of the formed silver wires embedded in the hydrogel was studied, which showed good repeatability (7% to 13% strain) and high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 14). It may open up a facile scalable technique for the design and fabrication of the metal-patterned component embedded in hydrogel for flexible and wearable electronics.
Chemical functionalization of SnAs monolayer: a first-principles study of SnAsX (X = Cl, Br, and I) monolayers
Authors: Vi Vo T T , Nguyen Cuong Q , Hoi Bui D , Phuc Huynh V , Nguyen Chuong V , Hieu Nguyen N
Published: November 2022

Chemical functionalization is one of the effective methods to tune the electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures. In this paper, we study the structural, electronic properties, and carrier mobilities of 2D SnAs monolayer functionalized by chlorine, bromine, and iodine, namely SnAsX (X = Cl, Br, and I), by means of density functional theory. The obtained results show that the 2D SnAsX are energetically, dynamically, and mechanically stable. While the 2D pristine SnAs monolayer exhibits metallic characteristics, SnAsX monolayers are direct semiconductors with direct band gaps. The influence of spin–orbit coupling on the electronic characteristics of SnAsX is significant, especially in the case of SnAsI monolayer. The direct–indirect gap transitions are found in all three SnAsX monolayers when the biaxial strain is applied. Meanwhile, the effects of external electric fields on the electronic characteristics of SnAsX are insignificant. Our calculated results indicate that SnAsX monolayers have very high electron mobility and their transport characteristics are directionally isotropic along the investigated transport directions.
Implementation of binder-free SnO2NWs@C electrode and LiTFSI-based electrolyte for high-performance lithium-ion battery
Authors: Hakimi Mahdieh , Habibi Alireza , Sanaee Zeinab , Ghasemi Shahnaz , Mohajerzadeh Shams
Published: November 2022

This study has investigated the effect of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of SnO2Nanowires (NWs) as an electrode along with a bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI)-based electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery (LIB). The vapor–liquid–solid approach has been used to grow SnO2NWs on the stainless steel mesh current collector. The obtained results have demonstrated that the utilization of the LiTFSI-based electrolyte improved the battery performance with the SnO2NWs electrode over the LiPF6-based electrolyte. This may be due to the formation of a stable and thin solid electrolyte interphase layer. Since bare SnO2NWs exhibit inferior cycling stability due to their high volumetric expansion and poor conductivity, incorporating carbon coating could improve performance. Although the initial discharge specific capacity obtained for the carbon-coated SnO2NWs (SnO2NWs@C) electrode (1328.4 mAh g−1) was in the order of the first discharge capacity for the SnO2NWs, the SnO2NWs@C electrode possessed capacity retention with six times improvement as compared to the pristine SnO2NWs after 120 cycles. The Coulombic efficiency of 99% has been achieved for the SnO2NWs@C electrode over 120 cycles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the carbon coating could keep the overall structure of the electrode upon cycling. It has been evidenced that the SnO2NWs@C electrode with LiTFSI-based electrolyte has an excellent potential to implement in high-performance LIBs.
Elucidating the photovoltaic effect of monoclinic K2SnBr6 by mixed-cation mixed-halide substitution from first-principles calculations
Authors: Sreedevi P D , Ravindran P
Published: November 2022

Vacancy-ordered double perovskites (A2BX6) have recently received impressive attention for photovoltaic applications, and the compound K2SnBr6 has desirable features for use in solar cells in such a way that it exhibits direct bandgap behaviour with dispersed band edges. However, the large bandgap value limits its use in higher-efficiency solar cells. Therefore, we have carried out exploratory research by analysing the photovoltaic effect of K2SnBr6 by tuning its bandgap with cation and anion substitutions. We studied the properties of K(2−y)RbySnBr(6−x)I
x
and K2Sn(1−z)Ti
z
Br(6−x)I
x
compounds to explore the photovoltaic effect by gradual substitution of Rb+, Ti4+ and I−1 for K+, Sn4+ and Br−1, respectively. Our density functional calculations in the monoclinic ground state crystal structure with the space group P121
/n revealed that the K(2−y)Rb
y
SnBr(6−x)I
x
compounds considered in this study exhibit direct bandgap behaviour with well-dispersed band edges. Moreover, the bandgap value decreases as a function of the Rb and I concentrations. In addition to the low charge carrier effective mass, low excitonic binding energy values and low recombination rate, these compounds exhibit comparatively greater absorption coefficients in the visible range. The charge carrier transport properties, such as carrier mobility, carrier relaxation time, carrier diffusion coefficient and carrier diffusion length, are also seen in higher ranges for these Rb- and I-substituted compounds when compared to the parent compound. In addition, we have calculated the open-circuit voltage, fill factor, short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency for each compound. From the calculations and analysis, we observed that Rb and I substitution in K2SnBr6 increases the photovoltaic effect, and thus K(2−y)Rb
y
SnBr(6−x)I
x
compounds may be employed as absorbing layers in higher-efficiency solar cells.
In-plane magnetotransport phenomena in tilted Weyl semimetals
Authors: Shao Jianmei , Yan Lijuan
Published: November 2022

The nontrivial Berry curvature and chiral anomaly result in plenty of interesting magnetotransport and magneto-thermoelectric transport phenomena in Weyl semimetals, two of which are the planar Hall effect and planar Nernst effect. Based on the semi-classical Boltzmann theory, we theoretically study the in-plane magnetotransport coefficients (including electric conductivity, thermoelectric conductivity and Nernst thermopower) for both type-I and type-II Weyl semimetals using a linearized low-energy Hamiltonian. We find that for tilt-coplanar setup where the electric field (or temperature gradient) is applied along the tilted direction of the Weyl nodes, the planar Hall conductivity (or planar Nernst thermopower) shows a magnetic field linear dependence. And these linear responses do no obey the reported

cos
θ
sin
θ

dependence on the angle θ between the magnetic and electric field for planar Hall effect. For tilt-perpendicular setup where the applied field (E or

∇
T

) and magnetic field are perpendicular to the tilted direction, the planar Hall conductivity (or planar Nernst thermopower) mainly follows a magnetic field quadratic dependence, and it satisfies the

cos
θ
sin
θ

characteristic. There are also anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect in the plane perpendicular to the tilted direction of the two oppositely tilted Weyl nodes. These findings can be verified experimentally by changing the direction and magnitude of the in-plane magnetic field.
Dynamical instability of 3D stationary and traveling planar dark solitons
Authors: Mithun T , Fritsch A R , Spielman I B , Kevrekidis P G
Published: November 2022

Here we revisit the topic of stationary and propagating solitonic excitations in self-repulsive three-dimensional (3D) Bose–Einstein condensates by quantitatively comparing theoretical analysis and associated numerical computations with our experimental results. Motivated by numerous experimental efforts, including our own herein, we use fully 3D numerical simulations to explore the existence, stability, and evolution dynamics of planar dark solitons. This also allows us to examine their instability-induced decay products including solitonic vortices and vortex rings. In the trapped case and with no adjustable parameters, our numerical findings are in correspondence with experimentally observed coherent structures. Without a longitudinal trap, we identify numerically exact traveling solutions and quantify how their transverse destabilization threshold changes as a function of the solitary wave speed.
Static and dynamic magnetic properties of the spin-

52

triangle lattice antiferromagnet Na3Fe(PO4)2 studied by 31P NMR
Authors: Ambika Devi V , Ding Qing-Ping , Sebastian Sebin J , Nath Ramesh , Furukawa Yuji
Published: November 2022

31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been carried out to investigate the magnetic properties and spin dynamics of Fe3+ (S = 5/2) spins in the two-dimensional triangular lattice (TL) compound Na3Fe(PO4)2. The temperature (T) dependence of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates (

1

/

T
1

) shows a clear peak around Néel temperature,

T

N

=
10.9

K, corresponding to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition. From the temperature dependence of NMR shift (K) above

T

N

, an exchange coupling between Fe3+ spins was estimated to be

J

/

k

B

≃
1.9

K using the spin-5/2 Heisenberg isotropic-TL model. The temperature dependence of

1

/

T
1

T

divided by the magnetic susceptibility (χ),

1

/

T
1

T
χ

, above

T

N

proves the AFM nature of spin fluctuations below

∼

50
 

K

in the paramagnetic state. In the magnetically ordered state below

T

N

, the characteristic rectangular shape of the NMR spectra is observed, indicative of a commensurate AFM state in its ground state. The strong temperature dependence of 1/T
1 in the AFM state is well explained by the two-magnon (Raman) process of the spin waves in a 3D antiferromagnet with a spin-anisotropy energy gap of 5.7 K. The temperature dependence of sublattice magnetization is also well reproduced by the spin waves. Those results indicate that the magnetically ordered state of Na3Fe(PO4)2 is a conventional 3D AFM state, and no obvious spin frustration effects were detected in its ground state.
Two-temperature molecular dynamics simulations of crystal growth in a tungsten supercooled melt
Authors: Grossi Joás , Pisarev Vasily
Published: November 2022

In this work we use the two-temperature model (TTM) coupled to molecular dynamics (MD) with sinks at the boundaries of the electronic subsystem to study crystal-growth rate in a quasi-one-dimensional tungsten crystal into a supercooled melt. The possibility of varying the extension of the electronic grid along with the sinks allows a more realistic description of the electronic thermal transport away from the system, providing a considerable heat dissipation from the crystallization front. Based on this approach, our results regarding crystal-growth rates are not affected even if the size of the system is changed. Moreover, comparisons are established with respect to MD and standard TTM simulations. For these comparisons between models, something remarkable is found, and it is that the temperature and the value of the maximum growth rate are the same. In contrast, the inclusion of sinks has a great impact with respect to the standard approaches specially reflected at low temperatures, where a frustration of the liquid–crystal interface dynamics is seen until a state of zero crystal growth is reached, which is not possible to characterize quantitatively since a kind of stochastic behavior is present.
Topological states of generalized dissipative Majorana wires
Authors: Hosseinifar Farokhnaz , Moghaddam Ali G
Published: November 2022

We study the generalized one-dimensional (1D) quantum dissipative models corresponding to a Majorana wire which can possess more than one Majorana bound state at each end. The system consists of a 1D fermionic open quantum system whose dynamics is governed by a quadratic Lindblad equation. Using the adjoint Lindblad equation for the fermionic two-point correlations, we find the gaps in the damping and purity spectra of a generic 1D model. Then, using the symmetry-based classification, we show that a winding number as the topological invariant can be defined which distinguishes different steady states of the system in the presence of damping and purity gaps. Then we focus on certain models with different Lindblad quantum jump terms and explore their phase diagrams by calculating the damping and the purity gaps as well as the winding number. In particular, we show that by inclusion of quantum jumps between next-nearest-neighbor sites, higher winding numbers and equivalently more Majorana bound states can be achieved. Also, by introducing imbalanced couplings we can switch between states with negative and positive winding numbers. Finally, we should mention that since our formulation is based on the fermionic correlations rather than the Majorana operators, it can be easily extended to the dissipative topological phases belonging to other symmetry classes.
Fusion of binocular vision, 2D lidar and IMU for outdoor localization and indoor planar mapping
Authors: Liu Zhenbin , Li Zengke , Liu Ao , Sun Yaowen , Jing Shiyi
Published: November 2022

Emergent fields such as Internet of Things applications, driverless cars, and indoor mobile robots have brought about an increasing demand for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology. In this study, we design a SLAM scheme called BVLI-SLAM based on binocular vision, 2D lidar, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The pose estimation provided by vision and the IMU can provide better initial values for the 2D lidar mapping algorithm and improve the mapping effect. Lidar can also assist vision to provide better plane and yaw angle constraints in weak texture areas and obtain higher precision 6-degree of freedom pose. BVLI-SLAM uses graph optimization to fuse the data of the IMU, binocular camera, and laser. The IMU pre-integration combines the visual reprojection error and the laser matching error to form an error equation, which is processed by a sliding window-based bundle adjustment optimization to calculate the pose in real time. Outdoor experiments based on KITTI datasets and indoor experiments based on the trolley mobile measurement platform show that BVLI-SLAM has different degrees of improvement in mapping effect, positioning accuracy, and robustness compared with VINS-Fusion and Cartographer, and can solve the problem of positioning and plane mapping in indoor complex scenes.
Subnanometer accuracy of surface characterization by reflected-light differential interference microscopy
Authors: Chan Ka Hung , Du Shengwang , Chen Xian
Published: November 2022

We theorize the surface step characterization by reflected incoherent-light differential interference microscopy with consideration of the optical diffraction effect. With the integration of localization analysis, we develop a quantitative differential interference optical system, by which we demonstrate that the axial resolution of measuring surface height variation is sensitive to the shear distance between the two spatially differentiated beams. We fabricate three nanometer-size steps by photolithography, and successfully characterize their 1D height variations with 0.13 nm

/

H
z

axial precision. Our result suggests that the optical differential interference microscopy can be used for real-time characterization of surface structure with a subnanometer accuracy and a large field of view, which is greatly beneficial to the surface characterization of micro/nano-electromechanical systems.
A class imbalanced wafer defect classification framework based on variational autoencoder generative adversarial network
Authors: Wang Yitian , Wei Yuxiang , Wang Huan
Published: November 2022

Wafer defect classification (WDC) can be crucial to the wafer fabrication process. Engineers can quickly respond to improve the technological process, averting further defects through WDC. However, due to the complex fabrication steps, wafer defects are different in various types. This causes a severe data imbalance problem in WDC. To effectively solve the problem, this study introduces a class imbalanced WDC based on Variational Autoencoder Generative Adversarial Network (VAE-GAN). This framework consists of VAE-GAN and wafer defect classifier. Among them, VAE-GAN is responsible for creating new samples to solve the imbalance problem while the classifier is responsible for classifying wafer defect patterns. Specifically, VAE-GAN combines the advantage of a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and generative adversarial network. VAE networks can produce subtle differences that do not affect the properties of the data when generating new images. At the same time, the proposed discriminator can help us constrain the generated images to be close to real samples and avoid irrational, feature-missing, and ambiguous samples. WM-811 K dataset is utilized to verify the above method. The experimental results validate that the samples generated by VAE-GAN have a significant improvement in the performance of the WDC system.
Steep-slope transistors enabled with 2D quantum coupling stacks
Authors: Raju Parameswari , Zhu Hao , Yang Yafen , Zhang Kai , Ioannou Dimitris , Li Qiliang
Published: November 2022

As down scaling of transistors continues, there is a growing interest in developing steep-slope transistors with reduced subthreshold slope (SS) below the Boltzmann limit. In this work, we successfully fabricated steep-slope MoS2 transistors by incorporating a graphene layer, inserted in the gate stack. For our comprehensive study, we have applied density functional theory to simulate and calculate the change of SS effected by different 2D quantum materials, including graphene, germanene and 2D topological insulators, inserted within the gate dielectric. This theoretical study showed that graphene/MoS2 devices had steep SS (27.2 mV/decade), validating our experimental approach (49.2 mV/decade). Furthermore, the simulations demonstrated very steep SS (8.6 mV/decade) in WTe2/MoS2 devices. We conclude that appropriate combination of various 2D quantum materials for the gate-channel stacks, leads to steep SS and is an effective method to extend the scaling of transistors with exceptional performance.
Quantitative reducibility of Gevrey quasi-periodic cocycles and its applications
Authors: Li Xianzhe
Published: November 2022

We establish a quantitative version of strong almost reducibility result for

S
L

(

2
,
R

)

quasi-periodic cocycle close to a constant in the Gevrey class. We prove that, if the frequency is Diophantine, the long range operator has pure point spectrum with sub-exponentially decaying eigenfunctions for almost all phases; for the one dimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators with small Gevrey potentials, the length of spectral gaps decays sub-exponentially with respect to its labelling; and the spectrum is an interval for discrete Schrödinger operators acting on

Z

d

with small separable potentials.
Global dynamics of a nonlocal non-uniformly parabolic equation arising from the curvature flow*
Authors: Bai Xueli , Li Fang , Wang Xiaoliu
Published: November 2022

This paper studies a type of non-uniformly parabolic problem with nonlocal term

u

t

=

u

p

(

u

x
x

+
u
−

u
¯

)

0
<
t
<

T

m
a
x

,

0
<
x
<
a
,

u

x

(
t
,
0
)
=

u

x

(
t
,
a
)
=
0

0
<
t
<

T

m
a
x

,

u
(
0
,
x
)
=

u

0

(
x
)

0
<
x
<
a
,

where p > 1, a > 0. First the classification of the finite-time blow-up/global existence phenomena based on the associated energy functional and explicit expression of all nonnegative steady states are demonstrated. More importantly, we derive that any bounded solution converges to some steady state as t → +∞. The difficulties in proving this convergence result lie in the existence of a continuum of steady states and the lack of the comparison principle due to the introduction of nonlocal term. To conquer these difficulties, we combine the applications of Lojasiewicz–Simon inequality and energy estimates.
Uncertainty-aware self-supervised neural network for liver T1ρmapping with relaxation constraint
Authors: Huang Chaoxing , Qian Yurui , Yu Simon Chun-Ho , Hou Jian , Jiang Baiyan , Chan Queenie , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Chu Winnie Chiu-Wing , Chen Weitian
Published: November 2022

Objective.T1ρmapping is a promising quantitative MRI technique for the non-invasive assessment of tissue properties. Learning-based approaches can mapT1ρfrom a reduced number ofT1ρweighted images but requires significant amounts of high-quality training data. Moreover, existing methods do not provide the confidence level of theT1ρestimation. We aim to develop a learning-based liverT1ρmapping approach that can mapT1ρwith a reduced number of images and provide uncertainty estimation.Approach. We proposed a self-supervised neural network that learns aT1ρmapping using the relaxation constraint in the learning process. Epistemic uncertainty and aleatoric uncertainty are modelled for theT1ρquantification network to provide a Bayesian confidence estimation of theT1ρmapping. The uncertainty estimation can also regularize the model to prevent it from learning imperfect data. Main results. We conducted experiments onT1ρdata collected from 52 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The results showed that when only collecting twoT1ρ-weighted images, our method outperformed the existing methods forT1ρquantification of the liver. Our uncertainty estimation can further regularize the model to improve the performance of the model and it is consistent with the confidence level of liverT1ρvalues.Significance. Our method demonstrates the potential for accelerating theT1ρmapping of the liver by using a reduced number of images. It simultaneously provides uncertainty ofT1ρquantification which is desirable in clinical applications.
Multi-scale contextual semantic enhancement network for 3D medical image segmentation
Authors: Xia Tingjian , Huang Guoheng , Pun Chi-Man , Zhang Weiwen , Li Jiajian , Ling Wing-Kuen , Lin Chao , Yang Qi
Published: November 2022

Objective. Accurate and automatic segmentation of medical images is crucial for improving the efficiency of disease diagnosis and making treatment plans. Although methods based on convolutional neural networks have achieved excellent results in numerous segmentation tasks of medical images, they still suffer from challenges including drastic scale variations of lesions, blurred boundaries of lesions and class imbalance. Our objective is to design a segmentation framework named multi-scale contextual semantic enhancement network (3D MCSE-Net) to address the above problems. Approach. The 3D MCSE-Net mainly consists of a multi-scale context pyramid fusion module (MCPFM), a triple feature adaptive enhancement module (TFAEM), and an asymmetric class correction loss (ACCL) function. Specifically, the MCPFM resolves the problem of unreliable predictions due to variable morphology and drastic scale variations of lesions by capturing the multi-scale global context of feature maps. Subsequently, the TFAEM overcomes the problem of blurred boundaries of lesions caused by the infiltrating growth and complex context of lesions by adaptively recalibrating and enhancing the multi-dimensional feature representation of suspicious regions. Moreover, the ACCL alleviates class imbalances by adjusting asy mmetric correction coefficient and weighting factor. Main results. Our method is evaluated on the nasopharyngeal cancer tumor segmentation (NPCTS) dataset, the public dataset of the MICCAI 2017 liver tumor segmentation (LiTS) challenge and the 3D image reconstruction for comparison of algorithm and DataBase (3Dircadb) dataset to verify its effectiveness and generalizability. The experimental results show the proposed components all have unique strengths and exhibit mutually reinforcing properties. More importantly, the proposed 3D MCSE-Net outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods for tumor segmentation on the NPCTS, LiTS and 3Dircadb dataset. Significance. Our method addresses the effects of drastic scale variations of lesions, blurred boundaries of lesions and class imbalance, and improves tumors segmentation accuracy, which facilitates clinical medical diagnosis and treatment planning.
Space-constrained optimized Tikhonov regularization method for 3D hemorrhage reconstruction by open magnetic induction tomography
Authors: Chen Yixuan , Dong Feng , Tan Chao
Published: November 2022

Objective. Open magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a promising technique for detecting the intracranial hemorrhage due to the non-radioactive, non-invasive and portable features. However, severe inhomogeneity of the sensitivity distribution under the open MIT sensor array and the ill-conditioned nature of MIT inverse problem limit the imaging quality in hemorrhage reconstruction. More accurate and robust imaging algorithms are urgently needed in clinical diagnosis. Approach. In this study, the space-constrained optimized Tikhonov regularization (SOTR) method is proposed for 3D hemorrhage reconstruction by open MIT. The sensitivity matrix is optimized according to the characteristics of sensitivity distribution under the open MIT sensor array. To test the performance of the SOTR method, 3D anatomical head models with hemorrhages in different volumes and locations were established. The images of the hemorrhages were reconstructed by the Tikhonov regularization (TR), total variation (TV) regularization, isotropic SOTR, and anisotropic SOTR method. Correlation coefficient

C
C
,

localization error

L
E
,

and volume error

V
E

were calculated to evaluate the hemorrhage imaging quality. Main results. Compared with the traditional sensitivity matrix, the optimized sensitivity matrix has smaller column number and better uniformity, which alleviates the under-determined and ill-conditioned problem of MIT. The imaging results indicate that both the isotropic and anisotropic SOTR methods can effectively improve the reconstruction accuracy for the location and volume of the hemorrhages. Moreover, compared with the TR and TV methods, the two SOTR methods are more robust against the measurement noise. Significance. The proposed method improves the imaging quality of the intracranial hemorrhage, which promotes the clinical applications of open MIT.
Zinc-hyperdoped silicon photodetectors fabricated by femtosecond laser with sub-bandgap photoresponse
Authors: Fu Jiawei , Cong Jingkun , Cheng Li , Yang Deren , Yu Xuegong
Published: November 2022

Developing a low-cost, room-temperature operated and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible near infrared silicon photodetector is of interest for creating all-silicon optoelectronic integrated circuits. However, a silicon-based photodetector usually cannot respond to infrared light with wavelengths longer than 1100 nm, due to the bandgap (1.12 eV) limitation of silicon. Here, we present a zinc-hyperdoped silicon (Si:Zn)-based photodetector that exhibits an enhanced sub-bandgap photoresponse. The Si:Zn shows a broadband infrared absorption over 50%, with a zinc concentration reaches 4.66 × 1019 cm−3 near the surface. The responsivity of the Si:Zn photodetector reaches 0.68 mAW−1 at 1550 nm, −1 V bias, with a rise and fall time of 0.560 ms and 0.445 ms, respectively. The Si:Zn has the potential for a wide range of applications in various fields due to its combination of low cost, CMOS compatibility, and room-temperature operating conditions.
An impedance-based pole-zero method for estimating complex material parameters of piezoceramic plates
Authors: Cong Shuai , James Hu Sau-Lon , Li Hua-Jun
Published: November 2022

Precisely determining complex-valued elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric parameters of piezoceramic plates has been a challenging problem. Given measured impedance functions (MIFs), this study develops a pole-zero finite element model updating (FEMU) method for determining sensitive complex material parameters (CMPs) associated with k
31-mode and k
33-mode piezoceramic plates. The proposed method includes two novel aspects: (a) extracting complex-valued poles and zeros, which are related to the eigenvalues of short- and open-circuit FE models, respectively, from MIFs, and (b) developing a sensitivity-based FEMU method to update the CMPs based on the measured poles and zeros. In the numerical studies, both computer simulations and lab experiments are carried out to demonstrate the excellent performance of the developed method.
White-noise fluctuation theorem for Langevin dynamics
Authors: Innerbichler M , Militaru A , Frimmer M , Novotny L , Dellago C
Published: November 2022

Fluctuation theorems (FTs) based on time-reversal have provided remarkable insight into the non-equilibrium statistics of thermodynamic quantities like heat, work, and entropy production. These types of laws impose constraints on the distributions of certain trajectory functionals that reflect underlying dynamical symmetries. In this work, we introduce a detailed FT for Langevin dynamics that follows from the statistics of Gaussian white noise rather than from time-reversal. The theorem, which originates from a point-wise symmetry in phase space, holds individually for each degree of freedom coupled to additive or multiplicative noise. The relation is independent of the phase space distribution generated by the dynamics and can be used to derive a versatile parameter inference algorithm applicable to the a wide range of systems, including non-conservative and non-Markovian ones.
Strain-driven tunability of the optical, electronic, and mechanical properties of lead-free inorganic CsGeCl3 perovskites
Authors: Islam Md. Rasidul , Mojumder Md. Rayid Hasan , Islam A S M Jannatul , Alom Md. Zahangir
Published: November 2022

Lead-free inorganic metal halide perovskites CsGeCl3 have recently gained prominent research interest in solar technology due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and mechanical stability. Here, the density functional theory is considered to investigate the biaxial strain-driven (from −6% to +6%) structural configuration, mechanical stability, and optoelectronic properties of non-toxic CsGeCl3 metal halide. Optical properties such as absorption coefficient, dielectric functions, and electron loss function show that due to the biaxial strain (compressive and tensile), this material has a high absorption capacity of photons in the visible and ultraviolet regions, and that’s why it is very much suitable to apply in the solar cells and other optoelectronic energy devices. The electronic band structure shows that CsGeCl3 is a semiconductor material with a direct bandgap of 0.768 eV at the R-point. Moreover, we observed a semiconductor-to-metallic transition of the bandgap of CsGeCl3 in the presence of the compressive strain. The findings of the mechanical properties of the CsGeCl3 perovskites demonstrate that Ge could be a suitable replacement for Pb in the traditional Pb-based perovskite structures. Especially in the strain portion of −2% to +2%, the investigated metal halide perovskite structure, Pb being replaced by Ge, shows mechanical ductility, absorption of visible and UV radiation, prominent absorption peaks, tunable bandgap value of 0.123 to 0.896 eV and thus, is very much suitable to be considered for solar photovoltaic applications.
Dynamical analysis and microcontroller implementation of fractal resistive-capacitive shunted Josephson junction
Authors: Ngongiah Isidore Komofor , Ramakrishnan Balamurali , Njitacke Zeric Tabekoueng , Kuiate Gaetan Fautso , Kingni Sifeu Takougang
Published: November 2022

The resistive-capacitive shunted Josephson junction (JJ) with fractal propertiesis scrutinized in this paper. The rate equations betelling the fractal resistive-capacitive shunted Josephson junction (FRCSJJ) are established and have for the external biasing direct current (DC) source less than or equal to 1 two equilibrium points and no equilibrium point for the external biasing DC source greater than 1. Stability characterization by the Routh-Hurwitz critic indicates one stable equilibrium point called the ‘stable node’ and the other unstable referred to as the ‘saddle-node’. Current-voltage (C-V) characteristics depict the sensitivity of the hysteresis loop to the two fractal parameters. With an external alternative current (AC) source used in biasing FRCSJJ, the model exhibits periodic bursting oscillations, periodic oscillations, reverse period-doubling route to chaotic oscillations, periodic and chaotic bubbles, antimonotonicity, different shapes of chaotic dynamics, and mutual interaction between complex oscillations and period-4-oscillations. Finally, the accomplishment of the microcontroller implementation of FRCSJJ establishes the quantitative agreement with numerically obtained dynamics.
Comparative performance of various susceptor materials and vertical cavity shapes for selective microwave hybrid heating (SMHH)
Authors: Rawat Saurabh , Samyal Rahul , Bedi Raman , Bagha Ashok kumar
Published: November 2022

The microwave processing of materials is gaining popularity over the past decade due to its unique heating abilities. The microwave hybrid heating (MHH) technique has effectively processed bulk metallic materials. MHH is assisted by susceptor material which forces metals to absorb microwave radiations. Further, MHH is modified to selective microwave hybrid heating (SMHH) to increase the efficiency of the process. This work examines the performance of Graphite and Charcoal susceptors with a conical vertical cavity for SMHH using FEM simulation. It is observed that the maximum temperature achieved by Graphite was 215 °C at an exposure time of 300 s, whereas, for Charcoal susceptor, it is 655 °C. Further, the effect of different vertical cavity shapes (cylindrical and conical) on the SMHH technique is presented for Charcoal susceptor. For an exposure time of 300 s, the temperature rise in the conical and cylindrical cavity is 655 °C and 319 °C, respectively. From resistive heat flow, time-temperature profile and temperature distribution, it is clear how SMHH is significantly effective for a conical vertical cavity having Charcoal susceptor. In addition, the performance of the conical vertical cavity having Charcoal susceptor was validated through experimental study. The real-time temperature profile was determined through testo 885/testo 890 thermal imaging camera. The observed maximum temperature of the susceptor after heating for 300 s was 639.9 °C.
Time-dependent finite-difference model for transient and steady-state analysis of thermoelectric bulk materials
Authors: Rathnayake R A , Wijekoon H , Pemasiri B M K , Subasinghe N D
Published: November 2022

A mathematical model of coupled thermoelectricity is presented to investigate the transient and steady-state behaviour of thermoelectric bulk material. Governing partial differential equations (PDEs) for the coupled thermal and electrical behaviour of the thermoelectric model are discretised using the explicit finite-difference method. Differencing schemes like Upwind and Lax–Wendroff methods are employed to obtain solutions for the first-order hyperbolic PDEs, whereas FTCS (Forward Time, Centred Space) scheme is employed to solve second-order parabolic PDEs. Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy and Von Neumann stability analyses are done to ensure the stability and convergence of the model. The model considers the temperature dependency of thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of the P/N materials separately. and accounts for the Seebeck, Peltier, and Joule-Thomson effects in thermoelectric materials. The new model is practically useful to predict the transient and steady-state behaviours of a thermoelectric device with multiple P-N elements. The results of the presented finite-difference model are proven to agree well with experimental values as well as 3D simulations with ANSYS®.
Newtonian approximation in (1 + 1) dimensions
Authors: Casadio Roberto , Micu Octavian , Mureika Jonas
Published: November 2022

We study the possible existence of a Newtonian regime of gravity in 1 + 1 dimensions, considering metrics in both the Kerr-Schild and conformal forms In the former case, the metric gives the exact solution of the Poisson equation in flat space, but the weak-field limit of the solutions and the non-relativistic regime of geodesic motion are not trivial. We show that using harmonic coordinates, the metric is conformally flat and a weak-field expansion is straightforward. An analysis of the non-relativistic regime of geodesic motion remains non-trivial and the weak-field potential only satisfies the flat space Poisson equation approximately.
Role of a high ground-state centrifugal barrier in the breakup of the 31Ne nucleus
Authors: Mukeru B.
Published: November 2022

An analysis of the breakup of the

weakly-bound neutron-halo system on a lead target is presented, considering the

and

ground-state configurations. It is shown that a high centrifugal barrier almost wipes out the breakup channel, thus assimilating the breakup of a weakly-bound system to that of a tightly-bound system, and also reduces the range of the monopole nuclear potential. Consequently, a high centrifugal barrier prevents the suppression of the Coulomb-nuclear interference (CNI) peak by weakening couplings to the breakup channel and reducing the range of the monopole nuclear potential, two main factors that would otherwise suppress such a peak. The present study also identifies couplings to the breakup channel and a long-ranged monopole nuclear potential as the main factors that lead to the suppression of the CNI peak. A low centrifugal barrier together with a Coulomb barrier would also effectively prevent the suppression of the CNI peak in proton-halos as reported in the case of the

proton-halo.
WITHDRAWN: Proposal for a nuclear light source
Authors: Tkalya E. V. , Borisyuk P. V. , Domashenko M. S. , Lebedinskii Yu. Yu.
Published: November 2022

Notice of Withdrawal

This paper was withdrawn by IOP Publishing on 25/01/2023. This paper was published due to a technical error and should not have been published by this journal. The authors are free to publish this work elsewhere. IOP Publishing apologise for this error.