bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Over 43%-power-efficiency GaInN-based photoelectric transducer on free-standing GaN substrate for optical wireless power transmission system
Authors: Fujisawa Takahiro , Hu Nan , Kojima Tomoki , Egawa Takashi , Miyoshi Makoto
Published: February 2024

We investigated the GaInN-based photoelectric transducers (PTs) aiming at the application to optical wireless power transmission systems. A PT device structure with Ga0.9In0.1N multiple-quantum-wells (MQWs) as a light absorption layer was grown on a free-standing GaN substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and subjected to the device fabrication. The PT performance was evaluated via the two-terminal current-density vs. voltage characteristics taken under a monochromatic light illumination. The fabricated PT devices exhibited a high open-circuit voltage of approximately 2.3 V and a high shunt resistance of 41 kΩcm2, thanks to its good material qualities. In addition, its surface reflection was markedly suppressed by an adoption of a wet surface treatment and an anti-reflection coating, resulting in a high external quantum efficiency of 90% and a high short-circuit current density of 1.4 mAcm−2. Through the above investigation, a high power-conversion efficiency as great as 43.7% was achieved for the GaInN MQW PTs at a light illumination with 390 nm in wavelength and 5 mWcm−2 in optical power density.
Study on low-temperature evaporation of Ag2O-based Ag electrode and electron injection layer and their application in OLEDs
Authors: Xu Yachen , Gu Jialu , Zhou Lulu , Zhao Bingjia , Zhu Yangyang , Shi Wei , Wei Bin
Published: February 2024

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become one of the mainstream lighting and display technologies. The vacuum thermal evaporation is the most widely adopted method for the preparation of organic and metal materials of OLEDs. The thermal deposition of the commonly used silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) electrodes requires high temperature and long time, which greatly increases the cost of the fabricating process. Therefore, we selected silver oxide (Ag2O) powder instead of Ag pellets as the precursor for evaporating Ag electrodes. Compared to Ag pellets and Al wires, Ag2O-based Ag electrode need lower evaporation temperature and shorter preheating time. In addition, the agglomeration phenomenon on the surface of the Ag2O-based Ag film is prevented, which also increases the carrier concentration of Ag electrode. Moreover, by doping bathophenanthroline (Bphen) in Ag2O powders, the phenanthroline-metal (Bphen-Ag) complexes with higher electron mobility and stronger electron injecting ability can be achieved. We applied Ag2O-based Ag electrode and 10 wt.% Ag2O-based Ag:Bphen as electron injection layer to achieve high-efficiency red phosphorescent inverted OLEDs, with the maximum current efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and power efficiency of 17.79 cd A−1, 20.71%, and 12.14 lm W−1, respectively. This method provides a new strategy for preparing highly efficient inverted red OLED devices.
Controlled bidirectional remote implementations of partially unknown quantum operations
Authors: Liu Miao , Maihemuti Nueraminaimu , Peng Jiayin
Published: February 2024

By blending the ideas of controlled teleportation, bidirectional teleportation and remote implementation of quantum operations, we investigate the bidirectional transmission of quantum operations under the control of one supervisor. Firstly, we provide a method for generating a class of multi-particle entangled states, including five-particle and seven-particle entangled states, using a nine-particle entangled state as an example. Then using our constructed five-particle entangled state as a quantum channel, we propose a new controlled bidirectional protocol for remotely implementing partially known quantum operations (PUQOs for short) of one qubit within the two restricted sets satisfying specific conditions. Subsequently, exploiting a nine-particle entangled state as the quantum channel, we extend it to the case of two-qubit quantum operations which come from eight restricted sets. Replacing two PUQO of two qubits by a PUQO of one qubit and a PUQO of two qubits, we put forward another new asymmetric controlled bidirectional protocol for remotely implementing PKQOs via a seven-particle entangled state as the quantum channel. In these protocols, by using universal recovered operations performed by the receivers, the senders can simultaneously exchange their PUQOs as long as the controller collaborates, where each PUQO acts on the corresponding unknown state owned by the remote recipient.
ZnO/ZIF-8 nanocomposite for orange G dye degradation: synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity, and mechanism
Authors: Bakather Omer Y
Published: February 2024

Textile dyes are one of the dominant reasons for water pollution. Among these dyes, Orange G is toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable and can cause a severe threat to humans and marine life. Therefore, in this present work, a novel photocatalyst was synthesized, and systematic degradation of Orange G dye was investigated. The novel ZnO/ZIF-8 nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized via a two-step method, thermal decomposition for ZnO and wet-chemical method for ZnO/ZIF-8 nanocomposite. The band gap of the nanocomposite was calculated using a KM plot and found to be 3.5 eV. The surface charge of the materials was examined using zeta potential measurement, which was found to be suitable for dye degradation. The recombination time of the materials was investigated using Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) study, and it was found that nanocomposite has a lower recombination rate than pristine materials. The degradation efficiency of materials towards Orange G dye was calculated to be ∼95% after 120 min illumination. The photocatalysis mechanism was proposed on the basis of Mott–Schottky measurements, which were supported by the scavenger test. Furthermore, to evaluate the reusability of the nanocomposite, a photocatalytic experiment was conducted several times. The ZnO/ZIF-8 nanocomposite could be used for the degradation of textile dye wastewater.
Rational design and synthesis of Cr1–x
Te/Ag2Te composites for solid-state thermoelectromagnetic cooling near room temperature
Authors: Sun 孙 Xiaochen 笑晨 , Xie 谢 Chenghao 承昊 , Chen 陈 Sihan 思汗 , Wan 万 Jingwei 京伟 , Tan 谭 Gangjian 刚健 , Tang 唐 Xinfeng 新峰
Published: February 2024

Materials with both large magnetocaloric response and high thermoelectric performance are of vital importance for all-solid-state thermoelectromagnetic cooling. These two properties, however, hardly coexist in single phase materials except previously reported hexagonal Cr1−x
Te half metal where a relatively high magnetic entropy change (−ΔS
M) of ∼2.4 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 @ 5 T and a moderate thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of ∼1.2 × 10−2@ 300 K are simultaneously recorded. Herein we aim to increase the thermoelectric performance of Cr1−x
Te by compositing with semiconducting Ag2Te. It is discovered that the in-situ synthesis of Cr1−x
Te/Ag2Te composites by reacting their constitute elements above melting temperatures is unsuccessful because of strong phase competition. Specifically, at elevated temperatures (T > 800 K), Cr1−x
Te has a much lower deformation energy than Ag2Te and tends to become more Cr-deficient by capturing Te from Ag2Te. Therefore, Ag is insufficiently reacted and as a metal it deteriorates ZT. We then rationalize the synthesis of Cr1−x
Te/Ag2Te composites by ex-situ mix of the pre-prepared Cr1−x
Te and Ag2Te binary compounds followed by densification at a low sintering temperature of 573 K under a pressure of 3.5 GPa. We show that by compositing with 7 mol% Ag2Te, the Seebeck coefficient of Cr1−x
Te is largely increased while the lattice thermal conductivity is considerably reduced, leading to 72% improvement of ZT. By comparison, −ΔS
M is only slightly reduced by 10% in the composite. Our work demonstrates the potential of Cr1−x
Te/Ag2Te composites for thermoelectromagnetic cooling.
A Study of 10 Rotating Radio Transients Using Parkes Radio Telescope
Authors: Ren Xinhui , Wang Jingbo , Yan Wenming , Xie Jintao , Wang Shuangqiang , Wen Yirong , Xia Yong
Published: February 2024

Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs) are a relatively new subclass of pulsars that emit detectable radio bursts sporadically. We analyzed 10 RRATs observed using the Parkes telescope, with eight of these observed via the ultra-wide-bandwidth low-frequency (UWL) receiver. We measured the burst rate and produced integrated profiles spanning multiple frequency bands for three RRATs. We also conducted a spectral analysis on both integrated pulses and individual pulses of three RRATs. All of their integrated pulses follow a simple power law, consistent with the known range of pulsar spectral indices. Their average spectral indices of single pulses are −0.9, −1.2, and −1.0 respectively, which are within the known range of pulsar spectral indices. Additionally, we find that the spreads of single-pulse spectral indices for these RRATs (ranging from −3.5 to +0.5) are narrower compared to what has been observed in other RRATs. Notably, the average spectral index and scatter of single pulses are both relatively small. For the remaining five RRATs observed at the UWL receiver, we also provide the upper limits on fluence and flux density. In addition, we obtain the timing solution of PSR J1709-43. Our analysis shows that PSRs J1919+1745, J1709-43, and J1649-4653 are potentially nulling pulsars or weak pulsars with sparse strong pulses.
Modified Verhulst–Solow model for long-term population and economic growth
Authors: Gleria Iram , DaSilva Sergio , Brenig Leon , Rocha Filho Tarcísio M , Figueiredo Annibal
Published: February 2024

In this study, we analyze the relationship between human population growth and economic dynamics. To do so, we present a modified version of the Verhulst model and the Solow model, which together simulate population dynamics and the role of economic variables. The model incorporates support and foraging functions, which participate in the dynamic relationship between population growth and the creation and destruction of carrying capacity. The validity of the model is demonstrated using empirical data.
Research on unmanned navigation and PID control method for aircraft tractor
Authors: Liu Juntian
Published: February 2024

Unmanned navigation and control systems are gaining traction in various industries, including aviation. The related issues of control systems are also hot topics in research. This paper comprehensively studies the application of unmanned navigation and the implementation of proportional integral differential (PID) control methods for aircraft tractors. Aiming at the characteristics of large deviation of turning trajectory angle error and long lag time in the process of an unmanned tractor, the dynamic characteristics and state equation of the unmanned tractor are established by the PID method, and the motion equation is established by the Cartesian coordinate system. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method has good dynamic stability and rapidity. Compared with proportional control or integral control alone, the PID control system has better stability and a faster frequency response, which can be obtained that the PID control algorithm can effectively improve the work efficiency of the unmanned tractor and reduce its instability and slow response.
Comparison and analysis of accuracy of various machine learning algorithms in abnormal state monitoring of internet of things devices
Authors: Zhang Bolun
Published: February 2024

With the development of Internet of Things technology, more and more devices are connected to the Internet, including not only traditional computers, mobile phones and other smart terminal devices, but also various sensor devices. These sensor devices can collect a variety of environmental information and physical quantities, such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, light intensity, vibration, etc. These data have the characteristics of real-time, scale and diversity, and need to be processed and analyzed by appropriate algorithms. On the basis of previous studies, this project summarized the application of various machine learning algorithms in device state detection, compared the differences of various machine learning algorithms in sensor device detection and made comparative analysis, calculated the evaluation parameters of MSE, RMSE, MAE, MAPE, R² and other aspects of the machine learning regression model. Compare the effects of various regression models for better monitoring and prediction of equipment status. Through the analysis of a large number of historical data, different equipment state models can be established, and these models can be used to monitor and predict the current equipment state. This can effectively avoid production line downtime or other losses caused by equipment failures or abnormalities. At the same time, through the in-depth analysis of historical data, we can find some potential problems and take corresponding measures to prevent them. This project aims to summarize the application of various machine learning algorithms in device status detection, compare and contrast the differences of various machine learning algorithms in sensor device detection, realize efficient processing and analysis of sensor data, calculate MSE, RMSE, MAE, MAPE, R² and other evaluation parameters, and evaluate and compare each model. To provide more accurate, reliable and efficient equipment condition monitoring and forecasting services for enterprises and individuals.
A comparison of art style transfer in Cycle-GAN based on different generators
Authors: Ma Xu
Published: February 2024

With the rapid development of deep neural networks in computer vision, style transfer technology has also made significant progress. Cycle-GAN can perform object deformation, style transfer, and image enhancement without one-to-one mapping between source and target domains. In the painting style transfer task, the performance of Cycle-GAN is recognized. In Cycle-GAN, the choice of generator model is crucial, and common backbones are ResNet and U-Net. The ResNet generator retains part of the original features through the jump connection of the residual structure, preventing the image from losing important information, and has the potential to maintain the authenticity of the image. The U-Net generator extracts more features and details through a complex and in-depth network architecture, which has excellent potential for tasks requiring a lot of feature extraction. However, few studies have directly compared their performance differences in the context of Cycle-GAN style transfer tasks. This paper compares and analyzes the effects of U-Net and ResNet generators in Cycle-GAN style transfer from different perspectives. The author discusses their respective advantages and limitations in training processes and the quality of generated images. The author presents quantitative and qualitative analyses based on experimental results, providing references and insights for researchers and practitioners in different scenarios. The research findings indicate that in the artwork style transfer task of Cycle-GAN, the U-Net generator tends to generate excessive details and texture, leading to overly complex transformed images. In contrast, the ResNet generator demonstrates superior performance, generating desired images faster, higher quality, and more natural results.
Decentralized Face Identification with Hierarchical Navigable Small World on Blockchain
Authors: Lee Hsiang-Hung , Chen Yiting
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a novel method for decentralized storage in deep-learning-based face recognition systems using the Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) algorithm. The proposed solution utilizes Ethereum smart contracts, which acts as highly available data storage systems for storing identifiable data for authorized personnel. In addition, the solution is integrated with a centralized vector database that is in charge of vector indexing, searching and associating face embeddings to an identity on the Ethereum blockchain with anonymous hashes. Vector indexing and search processes involve different machine learning algorithms that enable computations to be carried out in a reasonable time with good matching accuracy. Specifically, we compared different approaches and selected the HNSW algorithm. Accordingly, we successfully implemented a prototype of a reliable and privacy-focused decentralized face identification system for areas under government surveillance, such as customs inspection sites. In our measurements, the system could handle 20,000 face vectors easily with high matching accuracy, and the performance could be further improved using more powerful hardware. Finally, we also propose additional methods to further scale up the system to handle millions of face vectors.
A Comparative Study on Deep Networks for Glaucoma Classification
Authors: Ying Zifan , Wang Zhichong , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Rongxuan
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to classify glaucoma and non-glaucoma images from REFUGE dataset of fundus images. Due to the imbalance of dataset, we did data augmentation and preprocessing for dataset first (including feature extraction and enhancement). We then tested the performance of some deep convolutional neural networks as baselines, including ResNet, GoogLeNet, and VGGNet. Later we introduced self-attention layer into our CNN model and tried a method based on cup-to-disc ratio. Compared to the unprocessed dataset, the processed (data augmentation and feature enhancement) dataset gave a better performace. And self-attention model also improved performance beyond original CNN. Finally our method base on the cup-to-disc ratio was way better than the CNN models above.
Research on laser-based mobile robot SLAM and autonomous navigation
Authors: Huang Zhihong , Geng Jianping
Published: February 2024

SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and autonomous navigation systems, as fundamental components of mobile robots, largely determine their ability to accomplish tasks. While research on laser-based SLAM and autonomous navigation algorithms in simulated environments has achieved significant success, there is limited research on deploying these algorithms on physical mobile robots, conducting real-world experiments to provide practical data for validating the accuracy and applicability of theoretical models.

This paper begins by presenting the system architecture of the mobile robot used in this study. Subsequently, it delves into the research on SLAM algorithms, analyzing and selecting the Gmapping algorithm as the solution to the SLAM problem. Furthermore, the paper introduces the research on autonomous navigation, providing a detailed explanation of the principles behind the A* global path planning algorithm combined with the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) for local path planning. Finally, by controlling the mobile robot through a distributed communication network, the paper tests the performance of the mobile robot, constructs maps in a real indoor environment, achieving a relative map accuracy error of less than 3%, thus validating the effectiveness of the Gmapping algorithm for practical mapping. Autonomous navigation tasks are also performed, testing the mobile robot’s local obstacle avoidance capabilities using temporary obstacles.

Overall, this research demonstrates that the designed mobile robot can effectively accomplish SLAM and autonomous navigation tasks. The results of this study can also assist beginners in rapidly and clearly building physical mobile robots and deploying SLAM systems.
The DMAPS upgrade of the Belle II vertex detector
Authors: Bettarini S. , Babeluk M. , Barbero M. , Baudot J. , Bosi F. , Buch Y. , Casarosa G. , Federici L. , Forti F. , Kumar A. , Marinas C. , Massa M. , Massaccesi L. , Mazorra de Cos J. , Minuti M. , Mondal S. , Nakamura K.R. , Rizzo G. , Schwanda C. , Schwickardi M. ,   the Belle II VTX Upgrade Group
Published: February 2024

The SuperKEKB collider will undergo a major upgrade to reach the target luminosity of 6 × 1035 cm-2 s-1 during the long shutdown (LS2) foreseen to start around year 2027. We are developing a new vertex detector (VTX) to replace the current one (VXD). This new pixel silicon tracker aims to be both more robust against the higher level of machine background and more performant in terms of precision on the decay vertices and standalone track finding efficiency. The baseline layout consists of two layers composing the inner part (iVTX) and three outer layers (oVTX), all arranged in a barrel-shaped geometry, with minimal material budget. All layers will be equipped with dedicated depleted monolithic active CMOS pixel sensors (DMAPS) named OBELIX, designed in the TowerJazz 180 nm technology. This paper will review all the aspects of the project: the detector specifications and the baseline design, the expected improved performance, the OBELIX features and its design status, including the tests of the forerunner chip TJ-Monopix2, and the fabrication and tests for the iVTX and oVTX ladder prototypes.
The End-of-Substructure (EoS) card for the ATLAS Strip Tracker upgrade — from design to production
Authors: Boebel A.L. , Ceslik H. , Dam M. , Diez Cornell S. , Garvey C.M. , Goettlicher P. , Gotfredsen R.S. , Gregor I.M. , Keaveney J.M. , Van Der Merwe M.N. , Palmelund A. , Ruiz Daza S. , Schmitt S. , Stanitzki M. , Strom L.R.
Published: February 2024

The ATLAS Strip Tracker for HL-LHC is composed of individual modules that contain silicon sensors and front-end electronics. These modules are then mounted onto carbon-fiber substructures, hosting up to 14 modules per side. At the end of these substructures, an EoS card connects up to 28 data lines to the lpGBT ASICs and the VTRX+ module, which provide data serialization and 10 Gb/s optical data transmission to the off-detector systems, respectively. The EoS card is powered by a dedicated Dual-Stage DC-DC converter. With the EoS project moving into the production stage, this contribution summarizes the quality assurance and quality control performed during the pre-production phase.
Automatic tracking of the energy spectrum areas of Po-218 and Po-214 at various temperatures
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Xie Ruomei , Liu Shuaibin , Li Huiying , Yi Haibo , Sun Jiale , Liu Zhipeng , Wu Jiulin , Lin Fen , Hu Tao , Mo Yixiang , Yuan Hongzhi , Tan Yanliang
Published: February 2024

Radon and its decay products emit internal radiation in the
respiratory system upon inhalation, which is a significant
contributor to the development of lung cancer in humans. Accurate
measurement of radon concentration is undoubtedly very
important. Among the commonly used radon measurement methods, the
electrostatic collection method stands out. This method involves
counting the energy spectrum peaks of alpha particles, generated by
the decay of radon daughters Po-218 and Po-214, which are collected
on the surface of a semiconductor detector to determine radon
concentration. According to experimental findings, measurements at
different ambient temperatures cause Po-218 and Po-214 to peak
drift. This drift adversely affects the accuracy of radon
measurement using traditional methods. This study focuses on the
characteristics of α-energy spectra from Po-218 and
Po-214. It calculates the peak heights for all α-energy
spectra and identifies the two peaks with the highest
heights. Subsequently, an algorithm is developed to automatically
track the peak positions of Po-218 and Po-214, accurately locating
their counting intervals. The results demonstrate that the algorithm
successfully achieves the desired outcomes through experiments
conducted at different temperatures and measurement durations, thus
validating its effectiveness. This method holds significant
practical value in ensuring the accuracy of radon measurement.
Enlarged carbon footprint inequality considering household time use pattern
Authors: Long Yin , Huang Liqiao , Li Yuan , Wen Quan , Yoshida Yoshikuni
Published: February 2024

Examining household carbon emissions through a supply chain perspective reveals the climate impact of consumption behaviors and variations across societal structures and features. Despite the evident and expanding environmental inequality, strategies for its mitigation and prioritization remain debated. This study investigates the origins of carbon emission inequalities from household consumption, using Japan as a case study, a society characterized by aging demographics and comparatively equal income redistribution. By quantitatively analyzing household carbon footprints, we observe a U-shaped distribution in emissions as income levels increase. Notably, the carbon footprint sizes are strikingly similar between the lowest and highest income groups, yet inequalities emerge in education and investments in future generations. Integrating these findings, this study further conducts a scenario analysis to project shifts in future low-carbon lifestyles, indicating that middle-income groups are more prone to achieving personal-level decarbonization. This projection is vital in understanding how to effectively address carbon footprint inequalities, especially considering the entrenched preferences in wealthier demographics for investing in future generations.
Wilde-ish Spirit Goes West
Authors: Hext Kate
Published: February 2024

This chapter focuses on the Hollywood boom of the mid-1920s, illustrating how it became a destination for the very writers, actors, and directors who had earlier written about or performed Wilde’s work in the United States and Europe. As it does so, it questions how Wilde’s style (and indeed decadent style more broadly) could be adapted on to the screen and considers failed attempts to do this. This discussion unfolds with attention to the problems of decadent style in fiction, giving examples of its evolution and commercialization in the early twentieth century. Was it possible, the chapter asks, and how, to translate not only Wilde’s plots but also his style to the silent screen? What could Wilde style look like in images? Its answer is Ernst Lubitsch’s silent adaptation of Lady Windermere’s Fan (1925), discussed in detail, drawing on Lubitsch’s phrase ‘Wilde-ish’ to describe how he translates Wilde’s epigrammatic style to the screen.
The Gangster as Aesthete
Authors: Hext Kate
Published: February 2024

This chapter focuses on the way in which Wilde and the figure of the decadent-cum-flâneur influenced the gangster-movie genre, with examples from Underworld (1927), Little Caesar (1931), Scarface (1932), and Flesh and Fantasy (1943). Why, the critic James Naremore asks, are the gangsters in Underworld, the first gangster movie, peculiarly ‘aestheticized’? This chapter provides an answer via Ben Hecht’s fusion of Wildean aesthetes with alpha-male gangsters. To set up this discussion, it shows how the violent and misogynistic undercurrents of Wilde’s works were developed by H. L. Mencken and Ben Hecht in Chicago during the 1910s, where it was mixed with Nietzschean philosophy. It traces this development through Mencken’s epigrams in The Smart Set and Hecht’s short stories in The Little Review and Chicago Daily News, before looking in detail at how screenplays by Hecht and Samuel Hoffenstein translate the hardened flâneur into the figure of the gangster.
Monoclonal antibodies for treating early Alzheimer disease—a commentary on recent ‘positive’ trials
Authors: Scott Ian A
Published: February 2024

Recent phase 3 randomised controlled trials of amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibodies in people with pre-clinical or early Alzheimer disease have reported positive results, raising hope of finally having disease-modifying drugs. Given their far-reaching implications for clinical practice, the methods and findings of these trials, and the disease causation theory underpinning the mechanism of drug action, need to be critically appraised. Key considerations are the representativeness of trial populations; balance of prognostic factors at baseline; psychometric properties and minimal clinically important differences of the primary efficacy outcome measures; level of study fidelity; consistency of subgroup analyses; replication of findings in similar trials; sponsor role and potential conflicts of interest; consistency of results with disease causation theory; cost and resource estimates; and alternative prevention and treatment strategies. In this commentary, we show shortcomings in each of these areas and conclude that monoclonal antibody treatment for early Alzheimer disease is lacking high-quality evidence of clinically meaningful impacts at an affordable cost.
Measuring variation in infant mortality and deaths of despair by US congressional district in Pennsylvania: a methodological case study
Authors: Schnake-Mahl Alina , Anfuso Giancarlo , Goldstein Neal D , Purtle Jonathan , Eberth Jan M , Ortigoza Ana , Bilal Usama
Published: February 2024

Many ecological studies examine health outcomes and disparities using administrative boundaries such as census tracts, counties, or states. These boundaries help us to understand the patterning of health by place, along with impacts of policies implemented at these levels. However, additional geopolitical units (units with both geographic and political meaning), such as congressional districts (CDs), present further opportunities to connect research with public policy. Here we provide a step-by-step guide on how to conduct disparities-focused analysis at the CD level. As an applied case study, we use geocoded vital statistics data from 2010-2015 to examine levels of and disparities in infant mortality and deaths of despair in the 19 US CDs of Pennsylvania for the 111th-112th (2009-2012) Congresses and 18 CDs for the 113th-114th (2013-2016) Congresses. We also provide recommendations for extending CD-level analysis to other outcomes, states, and geopolitical boundaries, such as state legislative districts. Increased surveillance of health outcomes at the CD level can help prompt policy action and advocacy and, hopefully, reduce rates of and disparities in adverse health outcomes.
Interplay of cooperative breeding and predation risk on egg allocation and reproductive output
Authors: Fortuna Rita , Covas Rita , D'Amelio Pietro B , Silva Liliana R , Parenteau Charline , Bliard Louis , Rybak Fanny , Doutrelant Claire , Paquet Matthieu
Published: February 2024

Predation risk can influence behavior, reproductive investment, and, ultimately, individuals’ fitness. In high-risk environments, females often reduce allocation to reproduction, which can affect offspring phenotype and breeding success. In cooperative breeders, helpers contribute to feed the offspring, and groups often live and forage together. Helpers can, therefore, improve reproductive success, but also influence breeders’ condition, stress levels and predation risk. Yet, whether helper presence can buffer the effects of predation risk on maternal reproductive allocation remains unstudied. Here, we used the cooperatively breeding sociable weaver Philetairus socius to test the interactive effects of predation risk and breeding group size on maternal allocation to clutch size, egg mass, yolk mass, and yolk corticosterone. We increased perceived predation risk before egg laying using playbacks of the adults’ main predator, gabar goshawk (Micronisus gabar). We also tested the interactive effects of group size and prenatal predator playbacks on offspring hatching and fledging probability. Predator-exposed females laid eggs with 4% lighter yolks, but predator-calls’ exposure did not clearly affect clutch size, egg mass, or egg corticosterone levels. Playback-treatment effects on yolk mass were independent of group size, suggesting that helpers’ presence did not mitigate predation risk effects on maternal allocation. Although predator-induced reductions in yolk mass may decrease nutrient availability to offspring, potentially affecting their survival, playback-treatment effects on hatching and fledging success were not evident. The interplay between helper presence and predator effects on maternal reproductive investment is still an overlooked area of life history and physiological evolutionary trade-offs that requires further studies.
Molecular phylogenetic classification of scleractinian corals from Weizhou Island, China
Authors: Zeng Xinru , Wei Fen , Cui Mengyao , Yu Haoyu , Pan Xiaoyuan , Ning Zhiming , Yu Kefu
Published: February 2024

Scleractinian corals play important roles in the maintenance and restoration of coral systems. However, the evolutionary relationships among species remain unclear, mostly due to the limitations of traditional coral classifications because of their ecophenotypic variation and morphological plasticity. Thus, here we aimed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of corals through single- and multi-gene analyses based on 116 colonies (14 families and 49 species) from Weizhou Island, China, and five molecular markers (CO1, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, H3, and ITS). The results reveal four cryptic species (Platygyra pini, Platygyra verweyi, Psammocora nierstraszi, and Coscinaraea columna). In single-gene analyses, mitochondrial genes can classify taxa at the family but not genus level, and vice versa for nuclear genes. Species are divided into complex and robust corals based on multi-gene analysis. Within robust corals, Merulinidae (Group XVII) is classified into eight subclades, and Dipsastraea, Favites, and Goniastrea are polyphyletic. Complex corals comprise the monophyletic Acroporidae (VI), Agariciidae (VII), Euphylliidae (V), Porites (III), and Dendrophylliidae (II). Notably, Turbinaria peltata is highly divergent from its congeners and clusters. Multi-gene analysis proved to be more accurate than single-gene analysis in elucidating phylogenetic relationships among corals. This study enhances our understanding of the diversity, evolution, and conservation of corals from Weizhou Island.
LncRNA S100PBP promotes proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of granulosa cells by sponging MiR-2285bc-BMPR2 in bovine
Authors: Wang Kai , Cheng Ying , Ren Yongping , Xiu Haoyu , Meng Wenxiang , Guo Tong , Ma Xiaoyan , Kebreab Ermias , Wang Dong , Lyu Lihua
Published: February 2024

In bovine follicular development, the proliferation of bovine granulosa cells affects follicular selection, atresia, and cystic follicle formation. When cystic follicles appear on the ovaries, granulosa cells stop proliferating, resulting in the reduction of granulosa cells layer. In our previous study, the whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) was differentially expressed between cystic and normal follicular granulosa cells. We speculated that long noncoding RNA may act as competing endogenous RNA targeting microRNAs and then regulating the expression of BMPR2 and the function of granulosa cells, thereby affecting follicular development and cyst formation. In this study, the results elucidated that long noncoding RNA S100PBP (NONBTAT011846.2) directly bound miR-2285bc, which targeted in the BMPR2 3′-UTR. miR-2285bc suppresses granulosa cells proliferation by downregulating BMPR2 expression. Furthermore, long noncoding RNA S100PBP was silenced by small interfering RNA, and long noncoding RNA S100PBP regulated BMPR2 expression by sponging miR-2285bc investigated through cross-verification. When small interfering RNA of long noncoding RNA S100PBP was transfected into granulosa cells, the results revealed similar molecular changes as those transfected with miR-2285bc mimics. Silencing long noncoding RNA S100PBP or overexpressing miR-2285bc altered the expressions of some follicular development-related genes, which could be related to follicular cyst occurrence. In conclusion, our findings support that long noncoding RNA S100PBP regulates the expression of BMPR2 through sponge miR-2285bc, promotes the proliferation of granulosa cells, inhibits their apoptosis, and increases the synthesis and secretion of follicular steroid hormones, thus promoting the development of bovine follicles.
Sparse ordinal discriminant analysis
Authors: Han Sangil , Kim Minwoo , Jung Sungkyu , Ahn Jeongyoun
Published: February 2024

Ordinal class labels are frequently observed in classification studies across various fields. In medical science, patients’ responses to a drug can be arranged in the natural order, reflecting their recovery postdrug administration. The severity of the disease is often recorded using an ordinal scale, such as cancer grades or tumor stages. We propose a method based on the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) that generates a sparse, low-dimensional discriminant subspace reflecting the class orders. Unlike existing approaches that focus on predictors marginally associated with ordinal labels, our proposed method selects variables that collectively contribute to the ordinal labels. We employ the optimal scoring approach for LDA as a regularization framework, applying an ordinality penalty to the optimal scores and a sparsity penalty to the coefficients for the predictors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using a glioma dataset, where we predict cancer grades based on gene expression. A simulation study with various settings validates the competitiveness of our classification performance and demonstrates the advantages of our approach in terms of the interpretability of the estimated classifier with respect to the ordinal class labels.
Early experience with robotic pancreatoduodenectomy versus open pancreatoduodenectomy: nationwide propensity-score-matched analysis
Authors: de Graaf Nine , Zwart Maurice J W , van Hilst Jony , van den Broek Bram , Bonsing Bert A , Busch Olivier R , Coene Peter-Paul L O , Daams Freek , van Dieren Susan , van Eijck Casper H J , Festen Sebastiaan , de Hingh Ignace H J T , Lips Daan J , Luyer Misha D P , Mieog J Sven D , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , van der Schelling George P , Stommel Martijn W J , de Wilde Roeland F , Molenaar I Quintus , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Besselink Marc G
Published: February 2024

Background

Although robotic pancreatoduodenectomy has shown promising outcomes in experienced high-volume centres, it is unclear whether implementation on a nationwide scale is safe and beneficial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of the early experience with robotic pancreatoduodenectomy versus open pancreatoduodenectomy in the Netherlands.

Methods

This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients who underwent robotic pancreatoduodenectomy or open pancreatoduodenectomy who were registered in the mandatory Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Audit (18 centres, 2014–2021), starting from the first robotic pancreatoduodenectomy procedure per centre. The main endpoints were major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade greater than or equal to III) and in-hospital/30-day mortality. Propensity-score matching (1 : 1) was used to minimize selection bias.

Results

Overall, 701 patients who underwent robotic pancreatoduodenectomy and 4447 patients who underwent open pancreatoduodenectomy were included. Among the eight centres that performed robotic pancreatoduodenectomy, the median robotic pancreatoduodenectomy experience was 86 (range 48–149), with a 7.3% conversion rate. After matching (698 robotic pancreatoduodenectomy patients versus 698 open pancreatoduodenectomy control patients), no significant differences were found in major complications (40.3% versus 36.2% respectively; P = 0.186), in-hospital/30-day mortality (4.0% versus 3.1% respectively; P = 0.326), and postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B/C (24.9% versus 23.5% respectively; P = 0.578). Robotic pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with a longer operating time (359 min versus 301 min; P < 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (200 ml versus 500 ml; P < 0.001), fewer wound infections (7.4% versus 12.2%; P = 0.008), and a shorter hospital stay (11 days versus 12 days; P < 0.001). Centres performing greater than or equal to 20 robotic pancreatoduodenectomies annually had a lower mortality rate (2.9% versus 7.3%; P = 0.009) and a lower conversion rate (6.3% versus 11.2%; P = 0.032).

Conclusion

This study indicates that robotic pancreatoduodenectomy was safely implemented nationwide, without significant differences in major morbidity and mortality compared with matched open pancreatoduodenectomy patients. Randomized trials should be carried out to verify these findings and confirm the observed benefits of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy versus open pancreatoduodenectomy.
Novel insight into atogepant mechanisms of action in migraine prevention
Authors: Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Strassman Andrew M , Broide Ron , Adams Aubrey , Dabruzzo Brett , Brin Mitchell , Burstein Rami
Published: February 2024

Recently, we showed that while atogepant—a small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist—does not fully prevent activation of meningeal nociceptors, it significantly reduces a cortical spreading depression (CSD)-induced early response probability in C fibres and late response probability in Aδ fibres. The current study investigates atogepant effect on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of high threshold (HT) and wide dynamic range (WDR) central dura-sensitive trigeminovascular neurons.

In anaesthetized male rats, single-unit recordings were used to assess effects of atogepant (5 mg/kg) versus vehicle on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of HT and WDR trigeminovascular neurons.

Single cell analysis of atogepant pretreatment effects on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus revealed the ability of this small molecule CGRP receptor antagonist to prevent activation and sensitization of nearly all HT neurons (8/10 versus 1/10 activated neurons in the control versus treated groups, P = 0.005). In contrast, atogepant pretreatment effects on CSD-induced activation and sensitization of WDR neurons revealed an overall inability to prevent their activation (7/10 versus 5/10 activated neurons in the control versus treated groups, P = 0.64). Unexpectedly however, in spite of atogepant’s inability to prevent activation of WDR neurons, it prevented their sensitization (as reflected their responses to mechanical stimulation of the facial receptive field before and after the CSD).

Atogepant’ ability to prevent activation and sensitization of HT neurons is attributed to its preferential inhibitory effects on thinly myelinated Aδ fibres. Atogepant’s inability to prevent activation of WDR neurons is attributed to its lesser inhibitory effects on the unmyelinated C fibres. Molecular and physiological processes that govern neuronal activation versus sensitization can explain how reduction in CGRP-mediated slow but not glutamate-mediated fast synaptic transmission between central branches of meningeal nociceptors and nociceptive neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus can prevent their sensitization but not activation.
Synthesis of a highly iodinated biphenyl with extension of σ-delocalization
Authors: Takada Yuki , Furukawa Shunsuke , Saito Masaichi
Published: February 2024

We report the synthesis of a highly iodinated biphenyl derivative possessing two delocalized orbitals with σ-symmetry. Iodination of 2,2'-difluorobiphenyl 3 occurred by using a combination of potassium peroxodisulfate and iodine provided hexaiodobiphenyl 7. On the other hand, iodination of 3 under more harsh conditions afforded octaiodobiphenyl 4, the most iodo-substituted biphenyl, via a dibenzoiodonium intermediate. Density functional theory calculations of the thus synthesized highly iodinated biphenyl derivative show that the HOMO of 4 arises from lone-pair interactions of eight iodine atoms, indicating extension of σ-delocalization.
Central Nervous System Antimicrobial Exposure and Proposed Dosing for Anthrax Meningitis
Authors: Bradley John S , Bulitta Jürgen B , Cook Rachel , Yu Patricia A , Iwamoto Chelsea , Hesse Elisabeth M , Chaney Danielle , Yu Yon , Kennedy Jordan L , Sue David , Karchmer Adolf W , Bower William A , Hendricks Katherine
Published: February 2024

Background

The high mortality of systemic anthrax is likely a consequence of the severe central nervous system inflammation that occurs in anthrax meningitis. Effective treatment of such infections requires, at a minimum, adequate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antimicrobial concentrations.

Methods

We reviewed English medical literature and regulatory documents to extract information on serum and CSF exposures for antimicrobials with in vitro activity against Bacillus anthracis. Using CSF pharmacokinetic exposures and in vitro B. anthracis susceptibility data, we used population pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulations to determine whether a specific antimicrobial dosage would likely achieve effective CSF antimicrobial activity in patients with normal to inflamed meninges (ie, an intact to markedly disrupted blood–brain barrier).

Results

The probability of microbiologic success at achievable antimicrobial dosages was high (≥95%) for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin (500 mg every 12 hours), meropenem, imipenem/cilastatin, penicillin G, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, doxycycline, and minocycline; acceptable (90%–95%) for piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin (750 mg every 24 hours); and low (<90%) for vancomycin, amikacin, clindamycin, and linezolid.

Conclusions

Prompt empiric antimicrobial therapy of patients with suspected or confirmed anthrax meningitis may reduce the high morbidity and mortality. Our data support using several β-lactam-, fluoroquinolone-, and tetracycline-class antimicrobials as first-line and alternative agents for treatment of patients with anthrax meningitis; all should achieve effective microbiologic exposures. Our data suggest antimicrobials that should not be relied on to treat suspected or documented anthrax meningitis. Furthermore, the protein synthesis inhibitors clindamycin and linezolid can decrease toxin production and may be useful components of combination therapy.
Combined Protection of Vaccination and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Against Hospitalization in Adults With COVID-19
Authors: Shah Melisa M , Joyce Brendan , Plumb Ian D , Sahakian Sam , Feldstein Leora R , Barkley Eric , Paccione Mason , Deckert Joseph , Sandmann Danessa , Hagen Melissa Briggs , Gerhart Jacqueline L
Published: February 2024

Among adults at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the lowest hospitalization rate was among those who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir after 3 or more messenger RNA vaccine doses (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, .19–.24). Eligible adults, including those previously vaccinated, should be considered for COVID-19 antiviral treatment.
A Hybrid BERT-CNN Approach for Depression Detection on Social Media Using Multimodal Data
Authors: Beniwal Rohit , Saraswat Pavi
Published: February 2024

Due to the absence of early facilities, a large population is dealing with stress, anxiety, and depression issues, which may have disastrous consequences, including suicide. Past studies revealed a direct relationship between the high engagement with social media and the increasing depression rate. This research initially creates a dataset with text, emoticons and image data, and then preprocessing is performed using diverse techniques. The proposed model in the research consists of three parts: first is textual bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), which is trained on only text data and also emoticons are converted into a textual form for easy processing; second is convolutional neural network (CNN), which is trained only on image data; and the third is the combination of best-performing models, i.e. hybrid of BERT and CNN (BERT-CNN), to work on both the text and images with enhanced accuracy. The results show the best accuracy with BERT, i.e. 97% for text data; for image data, CNN has attained the highest accuracy of 89%. Finally, the hybrid approach is compared with other combinations and previous studies; it achieved the best accuracy of 99% in the categorization of users into depressive and non-depressive based on multimodal data.