bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is choice blindness a case of self-ignorance?
Authors: Bortolotti Lisa , Sullivan-Bissett Ema
Published: September 2019

When subject to the choice-blindness effect, an agent gives reasons for making choice B, moments after making the alternative choice A. Choice blindness has been studied in a variety of contexts, from consumer choice and aesthetic judgement to moral and political attitudes. The pervasiveness and robustness of the effect is regarded as powerful evidence of self-ignorance. Here we compare two interpretations of choice blindness. On the choice error interpretation, when the agent gives reasons she is in fact wrong about what her choice is. On the choice change interpretation, when the agent gives reasons she is right about what her choice is, but she does not realise that her choice has changed. In this paper, we spell out the implications of the two interpretations of the choice-blindness effect for self-ignorance claims and offer some reasons to prefer choice change to choice error.
SeDAR: Reading Floorplans Like a Human—Using Deep Learning to Enable Human-Inspired Localisation
Authors: Mendez Oscar , Hadfield Simon , Pugeault Nicolas , Bowden Richard
Published: September 2019

The use of human-level semantic information to aid robotic tasks has recently become an important area for both Computer Vision and Robotics. This has been enabled by advances in Deep Learning that allow consistent and robust semantic understanding. Leveraging this semantic vision of the world has allowed human-level understanding to naturally emerge from many different approaches. Particularly, the use of semantic information to aid in localisation and reconstruction has been at the forefront of both fields. Like robots, humans also require the ability to localise within a structure. To aid this, humans have designed high-level semantic maps of our structures called floorplans. We are extremely good at localising in them, even with limited access to the depth information used by robots. This is because we focus on the distribution of semantic elements, rather than geometric ones. Evidence of this is that humans are normally able to localise in a floorplan that has not been scaled properly. In order to grant this ability to robots, it is necessary to use localisation approaches that leverage the same semantic information humans use. In this paper, we present a novel method for semantically enabled global localisation. Our approach relies on the semantic labels present in the floorplan. Deep Learning is leveraged to extract semantic labels from RGB images, which are compared to the floorplan for localisation. While our approach is able to use range measurements if available, we demonstrate that they are unnecessary as we can achieve results comparable to state-of-the-art without them.
Leaf metabolic signatures induced by real and simulated herbivory in black mustard (Brassica nigra)
Authors: Papazian Stefano , Girdwood Tristan , Wessels Bernard A. , Poelman Erik H. , Dicke Marcel , Moritz Thomas , Albrectsen Benedicte R.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The oxylipin methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant hormone active in response signalling and defence against herbivores. Although MeJA is applied experimentally to mimic herbivory and induce plant defences, its downstream effects on the plant metabolome are largely uncharacterized, especially in the context of primary growth and tissue-specificity of the response.

Objectives

We investigated the effects of MeJA-simulated and real caterpillar herbivory on the foliar metabolome of the wild plant Brassica nigra and monitored the herbivore-induced responses in relation to leaf ontogeny.

Methods

As single or multiple herbivory treatments, MeJA- and mock-sprayed plants were consecutively exposed to caterpillars or left untreated. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (TOF-MS) were combined to analyse foliar compounds, including central primary and specialized defensive plant metabolites.

Results

Plant responses were stronger in young leaves, which simultaneously induced higher chlorophyll levels. Both MeJA and caterpillar herbivory induced similar, but not identical, accumulation of tricarboxylic acids (TCAs), glucosinolates (GSLs) and phenylpropanoids (PPs), but only caterpillar feeding led to depletion of amino acids. MeJA followed by caterpillars caused higher induction of defence compounds, including a three-fold increase in the major defence compound allyl-GSL (sinigrin). When feeding on MeJA-treated plants, caterpillars gained less weight indicative of the reduced host-plant quality and enhanced resistance.

Conclusions

The metabolomics approach showed that plant responses induced by herbivory extend beyond the regulation of defence metabolism and are tightly modulated throughout leaf development. This leads to a new understanding of the plant metabolic potential that can be exploited for future plant protection strategies.
Treating Depression Mindfully in a Day Hospital: a Randomised Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Buxton Alice E. , Remmers Carina , Unger Hans-Peter , Plinz Nicole , Michalak Johannes
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Recent preliminary evidence suggests that mindfulness-based programmes may be beneficial in the treatment of patients suffering from current depression. Due to the heterogeneity of patients with this diagnosis, a specialisation in treatment concepts for subgroups of patients may be beneficial.

Methods

This randomised controlled pilot study investigated the effectiveness of an eight-week mindfulness-based day hospital treatment for patients with current depression and work-related conflicts (MDT-DH) under naturalistic conditions. Eighty-one currently depressed patients with work-related conflicts were randomly assigned to either MDT-DH (including personalised psychopharmacological treatment if necessary) or a waitlist condition including a psychopharmacological consultation (PCC). Outcomes were assessed at post-treatment and at 8-month follow-up. The primary outcome was depression severity (Beck Depression Inventory) at post-treatment. Secondary outcomes were work ability (Work Ability Index) and mindfulness (Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills).

Results

A multilevel analysis revealed that compared with patients in PCC, patients in the MDT-DH group showed a greater reduction in depression severity, higher work ability and heightened levels of mindfulness after 8 weeks than patients in the PCC group. These improvements were stable during the 8-month follow-up period.

Conclusions

Findings of the present pilot study suggest that a treatment concept involving intensive training in mindfulness can be successfully established in a day hospital and leads to clinically meaningful reductions in depression severity and increases in work ability in patients suffering from current depression. The generalisability of the findings may be limited due to small sample size, selective patient group and study design.
Glyphosate adsorption by Eucalyptus camaldulensis bark-mediated char and optimization through response surface modeling
Authors: Sen Kamalesh , Datta Jayanta Kumar , Mondal Naba Kumar
Published: September 2019

In this study, orthophosphoric acid-modified activated char was prepared from Eucalyptus camaldulensis bark (EBAC), and used for removing traces of [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (glyphosate) herbicide from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity was characterized by zero-point-charge pH, surface analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Batch mode experiments were conducted to observe the effects of selected variables, namely dose, contact time, pH, temperature, and initial concentration, on adsorption capacity. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were generated to describe the mechanisms involved in the multilayer adsorption process. The results show that high temperature enhanced the adsorption capacity of EBAC, with a temperature of 373 K yielding adsorption capacity (qmax) and Freundlich parameter (KF) of 66.76 mg g−1 and 9.64 (mg g−1) (L mg−1)−n, respectively. The thermodynamics study revealed entropy and enthalpy of −5281.3 J mol−1 and −20.416 J mol−1, respectively. Finally, glyphosate adsorption was optimized by the Box–Behnken model, and optimal conditions were recorded as initial concentration of 20.28 mg L−1, pH 10.18, adsorbent dose of 199.92 mg/50 mL, temperature of 303.23 K, and contact time of 78.42 min, with removal efficiency of 98%. Therefore, it can be suggested that EBAC could be used as an efficient, low-cost adsorbent for removal of glyphosate from aqueous solutions.
Integration of mud logging and wire-line logging to detect overpressure zones: a case study of middle Miocene Kareem Formation in Ashrafi oil field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Abass Ali E. , Teama Mostafa A. , Kassab Mohamed A. , Elnaggar Ahmed A.
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is the integration of mud logging and wire-line logging data to detect overpressure zones in Kareem Formation (Middle Miocene), Ashrafi Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The study is performed for the three wells Ash_H_1X_ST2, Ash_I_1X_ST, and Ash_K_1X. The prediction of the abnormal pressure is a quite important factor in the design of the well, where it contributes to avoid many problems during the drilling process and maintain the formation fluids. The abnormal pressure zones occur due to major changes in lithology, petrophysical properties, and fluid type, where these factors lead to differences in pore pressure from hydrostatic pressure, and their prediction is achieved by utilizing rock cuttings, D-exponent, and methane gas; in addition, the porosity and water saturation are estimated from mud logging as real-time data and compared to wire-line logging (resistivity, porosity, and permeability) to determine these zones. The concept of detecting abnormal pressure zones in this study is based on defining the marked changes in the D-exponent trends that arise from the variations of the fluids and the lithology of the Kareem Formation. Therefore, these trends are integrated with the petrophysical parameters such as resistivity, porosity, and permeability from wire-line logging to detect the overpressure zones. So, the overpressure zones are detected in the intercalated sand and shale intervals of the studied wells within the Kareem Formation and are mostly marked by a decrease in the reservoir quality such as permeability, as well as an increase in the resistivity and D-exponent. The thickness of the overpressure zone in Ash_H_1X_ST2 well is influenced by the marl content that reaches up to 80%. The integration results are summarized to determine the average depths of the overpressure zones for the Kareem Formation in the three studied wells. The zone average depths in the Ash_H_1X_ST2 well range from 6022.50 to 6093.30 ft, whereas the zone top is detected in the Ash_I_1X_ST well at the top of the Kareem Formation (6580.00 ft), and the zone bottom at average depth of approximately 6704.20 ft, in addition, the zone average depths in the Ash_K_1X well range from 7718.33 (top) to 7833.33 ft (bottom).
Anti-leishmanial and Anti-inflammatory Agents from Endophytes: A Review
Authors: Toghueo Rufin Marie Kouipou
Published: September 2019

Leishmaniases and chronic inflammatory diseases are the cause of millions of deaths in the world each year. The treatment of leishmaniasis is facing serious drawbacks particularly due to the limited number of effective medicines, the resistance, and the toxicity of available drugs. On the other hand, many drugs are used for the management of inflammatory disorders. However, the most commonly prescribed although efficient is highly toxic with multiples side effects. New leads compounds for the development of new anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory drugs are needed. Over the past decade, several studies on the potential of endophytes to produce bioactive metabolites have been reported. We are presenting in the present review the status of research from 2000 to 2019 on the anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory metabolites isolated from endophytes from diverse habitats. An emphasis was put on existing gaps in the literature to inspire and guide future investigations. We hope that this review will help accelerate the drug discovery against leishmaniases and inflammation-associated disorders.

Graphic Abstract
On the Difference of Coefficients of Bazilevič Functions
Authors: Cho Nak Eun , Sim Young Jae , Thomas Derek K.
Published: September 2019

Let f be analytic in the unit disk $${\mathbb {D}}=\{z\in {\mathbb {C}}:|z|<1 \}$$D={z∈C:|z|<1}, and $${\mathcal {S}}$$S be the subclass of normalized univalent functions given by $$f(z)=z+\sum _{n=2}^{\infty }a_n z^n$$f(z)=z+∑n=2∞anzn for $$z\in {\mathbb {D}}$$z∈D. We give bounds for $$| |a_3|-|a_2| | $$||a3|-|a2|| for the subclass $${\mathcal B}(\alpha ,i \beta )$$B(α,iβ) of generalized Bazilevič functions when $$\alpha \ge 0$$α≥0, and $$\beta $$β is real.
On the potential harmful effects of E‐Cigarettes (EC) on the developing brain: The relationship between vaping‐induced oxidative stress and adolescent/young adults social maladjustment.
Authors: Tobore Tobore Onojighofia
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Evidence suggests that in convenience stores across the United States (U.S), sales of e‐cigarettes (EC) continue to grow, indicating their rising popularity. ECs have been touted as a means for traditional cigarette (TC) smokers to quit smoking. However, the dramatic increase in the number of adolescents and young adults using e‐cigarettes (vaping) in America is a cause for concern as their long‐term effects remain unknown.

Methods

Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was “(Cigarettes OR E‐Cigarettes* OR Vaping) AND (Oxidative Stress* OR Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)) AND (Adolescents OR Teens OR Young Adults)”. The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1970, and June 30, 2019. Over 3000 articles were found in the first round of search which was filtered to 129 articles.

Results

Oxidative Stress is a critical underlying molecular factor that drives the harmful effects of traditional cigarettes. The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of oxidative stress and e‐cigarettes just like traditional cigarettes induces oxidative stress. Many e‐cigarette components including the flavoring, vapor, e‐liquids and metallic coil, trigger oxidative stress, indicating that both nicotine and non‐nicotine e‐cigarette use may be harmful.

Conclusions

E‐cigarettes use could potentially play a role in adolescent/young adults social maladjustments including poor learning and academic performance, increased aggressive and impulsive behavior, poor sleep quality, attention deficits, impaired memory, and cognition, and increased depression and suicidal ideation. The government, parents, school authorities and clinicians should be advised on these potentially harmful effects.
Carbon-track localisation as an adjunct to wire-guided excision of impalpable breast lesions: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tran Q. , Mizumoto R. , Tran M.C. , Reintals M. , Gounder V.
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:

Wire-guided localisation (WGL) is the most widely used approach to excise impalpable breast lesions in breast conserving surgery (BCS). There are several disadvantages to this technique. There are a variety of methods available, each with its own imperfections, therefore a superior approach is much desired. Here we report the efficacy of carbon-track localisation (CL) as an adjunct to hookwire in terms of margins, complications and operating time.

Methods:

A consecutive series of patients with impalpable breast lesions undergoing either CL combined with WGL or just WGL alone from 2016 to 2017 were evaluated in this retrospective cohort study. Of 57 patients, 27 CLs with WGL and 30 WGLs alone were performed.

Results:

All breast lesions were successfully localised pre-operatively and excised in both groups. Involved margins for invasive or in-situ disease were found in 14% in the CL group and 24% in the WGL group (p = 0.70). Close margins of <1 mm were found in 29% of the CL group and 48% in the WGL group (p = 0.34). The median operating time were 26 min and 37 min for the CL and WGL groups respectively (p = 0.002). Complications were noted to be 7.4% with CL and 16.7% with WGL (p = 0.43).

Conclusion:

Carbon-track as an adjunct to hookwire localisation can be easily adopted and has a short learning curve with improved surgical outcomes. Although requiring further validation from larger studies to demonstrate statistical significance, the outcomes reported here are promising.

Highlights:
A Systematic Review on Mindfulness Meditation–Based Interventions for Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Jaderek Izabela , Lew-Starowicz Michal
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Mindfulness-based therapies (MBT) are more and more frequently used in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions; therefore, it seems very important to assess evidence-based data on the clinical efficacy of these interventions.

Aim

To provide a systematic review of published studies into the efficacy of MBT in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions.

Methods

The material for the analysis was obtained by searching 3 internet databases: EBSCO, PubMed, and ResearchGate. Articles describing therapeutic interventions on the basis of mindfulness and their efficiency in reducing sexual dysfunction symptoms in men and women were sought.

Main Outcome Measures

15 original research articles were included to the review: 4 articles were devoted to the analysis of the efficiency of the mindfulness-based therapy in the reduction of sexual dysfunction related to pain in the genital-pelvic area, 10 to desire or sexual arousal disorders or both in women, and 1 to erectile dysfunction in men.

Results

Studies indicate that MBT led to improvement in subjectively evaluated arousal and desire, sexual satisfaction, and a reduction of fear linked with sexual activity, as well as improving the consistency between the subjectively perceived arousal and genital response in women. The research indicated that MBT did not make a significant change in a reduction of pain during sexual activities. Evidence-based data were found on the efficacy of MBT in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction in 1 study.

Clinical Implications

MBT could be effectively used in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction, specifically to improve sexual arousal/desire and satisfaction and to reduce sexual dysfunction associated with anxiety and negative cognitive schemas.

Strengths & Limitations

The few studies available are affected by several methodologic limitations, including small numbers of participants, patient selection, application of complex therapeutic interventions, and a lack of homework assessment, which makes definite conclusions difficult to draw.

Conclusion

The effects of MBT in female sexual dysfunctions are promising. In future studies, the mindfulness-based monotherapies should be implemented to verify their potential in reducing symptoms of sexual dysfunction. More research is needed to explore the potential of MBT in the treatment of male sexual dysfunction.
Psychosocial Resources and Quality of Life in Transgender Women following Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Breidenstein Anja , Hess Jochen , Hadaschik Boris , Teufel Martin , Tagay Sefik
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Psychosocial resources like social support or intrapersonal coping skills play an important role in resilience and quality of life (QOL), yet research systematically investigating the availability of different resources and QOL in transgender (trans) women is missing.

Aim

The present study aimed to systematically investigate the existence of different psychosocial resources and QOL in trans women following gender-affirming surgery (GAS).

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, 557 trans women who had received GAS at the local urological department were invited to study participation. Criteria for study inclusion were 18 years and older, diagnosis of transsexualism according to the International Classification of Disease, completion of all sessions of GAS, and given written informed consent to study participation.

Main Outcome Measures

Psychosocial resources were assessed using the Essen Resource Inventory (ERI), the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Social Support Scale. QOL was assessed with the Short Form Health Survey. Data from trans women were compared to normative data of healthy non-trans women as reported in the respective test manuals.

Results

In total, 158 trans women responded and participated in this study. They had received GAS 4 months to 21 years ago. The total sample was divided into 3 subgroups depending on the time interval since the participants’ last GAS procedure (group 1: GAS 0.3−3 years ago (n = 48); group 2: GAS 3.1−10 years ago (n = 62); and group 3: GAS 10.1−21 years ago (n = 41)). Trans women retrospectively indicated their available resources 3 years ago (ERI 3-years) and in the last 4 weeks (ERI 4-weeks). Trans women who had received GAS within the last 3 years (group 1) showed an increase in resources when comparing ERI 3-year scores (presurgery) with ERI 4-week scores (postsurgery). No differences emerged for group 2 and group 3. Compared to normative data from non-trans women, trans women scored significantly lower on the ERI but not in measures of Social Support Scale or Sense of Coherence Scale. Compared to non-trans women, mental QOL was significantly impaired in trans women, whereas no differences in physical QOL emerged.

Clinical Implications

As this study hints towards reduced psychosocial resources in trans women, the offering of specialized counseling can have high beneficial potential to support the development of resources, thereby enhancing QOL.

Strength & Limitations

Data of a large sample of trans women is provided who were investigated up to 21 years after GAS. The study is limited by its cross-sectional design and the response rate of 42%.

Conclusion

This study indicates that psychosocial resources improve around the time of GAS and seem to be improved and sustained in later years following GAS. Still, compared to non-trans women, trans women have a lower availability of resources and a lower mental QOL.
Exploring effects of Souvenaid on cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Scheltens Nienke M.E. , Briels Casper T. , Yaqub Maqsood , Barkhof Frederik , Boellaard Ronald , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Schwarte Lothar A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Attali Amos , Broersen Laus M. , van Berckel Bart N.M. , Scheltens Philip
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with synapse loss. Souvenaid, containing the specific nutrient combination Fortasyn Connect, was designed to improve synapse formation and function. The NL‐ENIGMA study explored the effect of Souvenaid on synapse function in early AD by assessing cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods

We conducted an exploratory double‐blind randomized controlled single‐center trial. Fifty patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia with evidence of amyloid pathology (cerebrospinal fluid or PET) were stratified for MMSE (20–24 and 25–30) and randomly 1:1 allocated to 24‐week daily administration of 125 mL Souvenaid (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). Dynamic 60‐minute [18F]FDG‐PET scans (21 frames) with arterial sampling were acquired at baseline and 24 weeks. CMRglc was estimated by quantitative (Ki) and semiquantitative (standardized uptake value ratio, reference cerebellar gray matter) measurements in five predefined regions of interest and a composite region of interest. Change from baseline in CMRglc was compared between treatment groups by analysis of variance, adjusted for baseline CMRglc and MMSE stratum. Additional exploratory outcome parameters included voxel‐based analyses by Statistical Parametric Mapping.

Results

No baseline differences between treatment groups were found (placebo/intervention: n = 25/25; age 66 ± 8/65 ± 7 years; female 44%/48%; MMSE 25 ± 3/25 ± 3). [18F]FDG‐PET data were available for quantitative (placebo n = 19, intervention n = 18) and semiquantitative (placebo n = 20, intervention n = 22) analyses. At follow‐up, no change within treatment groups and no statistically significant difference in change between treatment groups in CMRglc in any regions of interest were found by both quantitative and semiquantitative analyses. No treatment effect was found in the cerebellar gray matter using quantitative measures. The additional Statistical Parametric Mapping analyses did not yield consistent differences between treatment groups.

Discussion

In this exploratory trial, we found no robust effect of 24‐week intervention with Souvenaid on synapse function measured by [18F]FDG‐PET. Possible explanations include short duration of treatment.
Risk of Burns During Active External Rewarming for Accidental Hypothermia
Authors: Giesbrecht Gordon G. , Walpoth Beat H.
Published: September 2019

This article describes 3 incidents in which therapeutic or experimental warming of cold individuals caused first- to third-degree burns to the skin. Mechanisms for these injuries are considered. We conclude that active external rewarming of the trunk of a cold patient in the field can be administered safely and burn risk reduced if 1) manufacturer instructions are followed; 2) insulation is placed between the skin the and heat source; and 3) caregivers make regular efforts to observe heated skin for possible pending burn injury. Direct inspection is mandatory for the skin of areas that are on top of a heat source when the patient is lying on the heat source.
Predictors of occult lymph node metastasis in cutaneous head and neck melanoma
Authors: Ni Jonathan S. , Janz Tyler A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lentsch Eric J.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to verify the findings of a recent National Cancer Database (NCDB) study that identified factors predicting occult nodal involvement in cutaneous head and neck melanoma (CHNM) while identifying additional predictors of occult nodal metastasis and comparing two distinct cancer databases.

Methods

Cases of CHNM in the SEER database diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 were identified. Demographic information and oncologic data were obtained. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify factors associated with pathologic nodal positivity.

Results

There were 34002 patients with CHNM identified. Within this population, 16232 were clinically node‐negative, 1090 of which were found to be pathologically node‐positive. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with an increased risk of occult nodal metastasis included increasing depth of invasion (stepwise increase in adjusted odds ratio [OR]), nodular histology (aOR: 1.47 [95% CI: 1.21–1.80]), ulceration (aOR: 1.74 [95% CI: 1.48–2.05]), and mitoses (aOR: 1.86 [95% CI: 1.36–2.54]). Factors associated with a decreased risk of occult nodal metastasis included female sex (aOR: 0.80 [0.67–0.94]) and desmoplastic histology (aOR: 0.37 [95% CI: 0.24–0.59]). Between the SEER database and the NCDB, factors associated with occult nodal involvement were similar except for nodular histology and female sex, which did not demonstrate significance in the NCDB.

Conclusion

Regarding clinically node‐negative CHNM, the SEER database and the NCDB have similarities in demographic information but differences in baseline population sizes and tumor characteristics that should be considered when comparing findings between the two databases.

Level of evidence

4.
Standardizing the Surge of Paleoclimate Data
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: September 2019

Researchers unveil a community-wide effort to standardize terminology and reporting requirements across paleoclimate data.
Dual-ligand functionalized carbon nanodots as green fluorescent nanosensors for cellular dual receptor-mediated targeted imaging
Authors: Du Fangfang , Zhao Xuewei , Lu Wenjing , Guo Zhonghui , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan
Published: September 2019

The conjugation of dual-ligands to nanoparticles as drug delivery systems that target specific cells is a promising approach for the delivery of therapeutic agents to tumor cells.
A nano-immunotraining strategy to enhance the tumor targeting of neutrophilsvia in vivopathogen-mimicking stimulation
Authors: Dong Haiqing , Li Yan , Liu Yiqiong , Wen Ya , Zou Zui , Yang Tianshu , Cui Zheng , Shi Donglu , Li Yongyong
Published: September 2019

Nano-CpG adjuvant is constructed to immunotrain lab mice, which can potentiate the targeting capacity of neutrophils toward a tumor.
Kidney-targeted triptolide-encapsulated mesoscale nanoparticles for high-efficiency treatment of kidney injury
Authors: Deng Xiulong , Zeng Tao , Li Jiawen , Huang Caili , Yu Meng , Wang Xin , Tan Lishan , Zhang Mengbi , Li Aiqing , Hu Jianqiang
Published: September 2019

Insolubility and toxicity of TP restrict clinical applications in renal diseases. Here, TP-encapsulated mesoscale nanoparticles offer a new therapeutic strategy for renal diseases due to good biocompability, kidney targeting and slow release.
High-valence CuIICuIII species in action: demonstration of aliphatic C–H bond activation at room temperature
Authors: Isaac James A. , Thibon-Pourret Aurore , Durand Amélie , Philouze Christian , Le Poul Nicolas , Belle Catherine
Published: September 2019

The electrochemically generated CuIICuIII mixed-valence species promotes activation of strong aliphatic C–H bonds (i.e. toluene), turning from stoichiometric to catalytic upon addition of a base.
A silver–manganese dual co-catalyst for selective reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide over a potassium hexatitanate photocatalyst with water
Authors: Zhu Xing , Yamamoto Akira , Imai Shota , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Kominami Hiroshi , Yoshida Hisao
Published: September 2019

A Ag–Mn dual co-catalyst can improve the photocatalytic activity of a K2Ti6O13 photocatalyst to a great extent for CO2 reduction to CO by using H2O as an electron donor with an extremely high CO selectivity (SCO = 98%).
Formation of an NHC-stabilized heterocyclic housane and its isomerization into a cyclopentenyl anion analogue
Authors: Guddorf Benedikt J. , Mück-Lichtenfeld Christian , Hepp Alexander , Lips Felicitas
Published: September 2019

:PC–tBu reacts with Si3Mes4NHCiPr2Me2E to afford a so-called “housane” 1, that rearranges upon irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp or at 60 °C to an NHC-stabilized cyclopentenyl anion analogue 2 with a three-center four-electron π-bond.
Reversible multi-electron storage in dual-site redox-active supramolecular cages
Authors: Plessius Raoul , Orth Nicole , Ivanović-Burmazović Ivana , Siegler Maxime A. , Reek Joost N. H. , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar
Published: September 2019

Redox-active M6L4 cages display multiple reversible redox-events, enabling switching from overall +12 to −4 charged species with reversible storage of 16 electrons.
Various types of isopolymolybdate-based metal–organic complexes formed in different conditions: synthesis, structures, luminescence, electrochemical, and photocatalytic performances
Authors: Pan Xiang , Wang Xiuli , Wang Xiang , Li Yan , Liu Guocheng , Lin Hongyan
Published: September 2019

A series of isopolymolybdate-based complexes of different metals and ligands were prepared, which exhibited different luminescence behaviors, current sensing activities, and photocatalytic MB performances.
The influence of silica surface groups on the Li-ion conductivity of LiBH4/SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Ngene Peter , Lambregts Sander F. H. , Blanchard Didier , Vegge Tejs , Sharma Manish , Hagemann Hans , de Jongh Petra E.
Published: September 2019

The lithium ion conductivity of LiBH4 nanoconfined in mesoporous silica is strongly influenced by the types and concentration of the silica surface groups.
Promoting surface oxygen vacancies on ceria via light pretreatment to enhance catalytic ozonation
Authors: Esmailpour Ali Asghar , Moradi Sina , Yun Jimmy , Scott Jason , Amal Rose
Published: September 2019

Oxygen vacancies catalyzed ozone into hydroxyl radicals which accelerated organic mineralization. Light pre-treatment of ceria intensifies its oxygen vacancy defect levels which are central to its performance in catalytic ozonation.
Controllable syntheses of B/N anionic aminoborane chain complexes by the reaction of NH3BH3 with NaH and the mechanistic study
Authors: Chen Xi-Meng , Wang Jin , Liu Si-Cong , Zhang Jie , Wei Donghui , Chen Xuenian
Published: September 2019

B/N chain complexes were controllably synthesized through the reactions of NH3BH3 with NaH by adjusting reactant ratios and reaction temperatures.
Fe-Chelated polymer templated graphene aerogel with enhanced Fenton-like efficiency for water treatment
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Wang Xuechun , Zhang Lili , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Shi Baoyou
Published: September 2019

Enhanced tetracycline removal through dual-reaction centers in Fe3O4@Fe/graphene aerogel prepared from an Fe-chelated-polymer.
An electrochemical sensor with a copper oxide/gold nanoparticle-modified electrode for the simultaneous detection of the potential diabetic biomarkers methylglyoxal and its detoxification enzyme glyoxalase
Authors: Rajpurohit Anuja S. , Punde Ninad S. , Srivastava Ashwini K.
Published: September 2019

Highly sensitive electro-oxidation of the MGO and GLO biomarkers at the CuO/Au/GCE sensor employing the AdSDPV method.
Rapidly fabricating a large area nanotip microstructure for high-sensitivity SERS applications
Authors: Ma Jing , Liu Wen , Ma Zhe , Song Peishuai , Zhao Yongqiang , Yang Fuhua , Wang Xiaodong
Published: September 2019

An easily fabricated novel nanotip microstructure coated with Ag nanoparticles presented a high enhancement factor and high sensitivity.
A general approach to multicomponent metal-decorated crumpled reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites using a flame-based process
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Moein , Shao Shikuan , Srivatsa Gunturi Santosh , Raghavan Anirudh Ravi , Alexander Naveshkaanth , Liu Yang , Stafford Christopher M. , Buchner Raymond D. , Swihart Mark T.
Published: September 2019

This manuscript presents a new single-step flame route to making multicomponent metal-decorated crumpled reduced graphene oxide balls.
Plasmon–exciton systems with high quantum yield using deterministic aluminium nanostructures with rotational symmetries
Authors: Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Fong Kah Ee , Gao Yuan , Tong Jinchao , Suo Fei , Dang Cuong , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Zhang Dao Hua
Published: September 2019

We study the emission of quantum dots coupled with aluminium nanoantenna of C6 symmetry, and observe Purcell factor in the range of 68.01 < Fp < 118.25 corresponding to a modified quantum yield of >89% in the single antenna.
The synthesis of solasodine F-homo-analogues
Authors: Kiełczewska Urszula , Morzycki Jacek W. , Rárová Lucie , Wojtkielewicz Agnieszka
Published: September 2019

An efficient synthesis of F-homosolasodine analogues containing the 5/7 spirohemiaminal moiety was elaborated. The method benefited from an easy opening of diosgenin F-ring and the introduction of a cyano group in position 26.
Cercosporin-photocatalyzed sp3 (C–H) activation for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolones
Authors: Li Jia , Bao Wenhao , Zhang Yan , Rao Yijian
Published: September 2019

A metal-free cercosporin-photocatalyzed sp3 (C–H) activation for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolones was developed under mild conditions.
Colloidal swimmers near curved and structured walls
Authors: Das S. , Cacciuto A.
Published: September 2019

We present systematic numerical simulations to understand the behavior of colloidal swimmers near walls of arbitrary curvature.
Aluminum hydroxide-mediated synthesis of mesoporous metal oxides by a mechanochemical nanocasting strategy
Authors: Liu Jixing , Cheng Huifang , Bao Jiafeng , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Miaomiao , Leng Yan , Zhang Zihao , Tao Runming , Liu Jian , Zhao Zhen , Dai Sheng
Published: September 2019

A mechanochemical nanocasting strategy using aluminum hydroxide as the mesoporous structure-directing agent to fabricate mesoporous metal oxides.
Towards understanding the active sites for the ORR in N-doped carbon materials through fine-tuning of nitrogen functionalities: an experimental and computational approach
Authors: Quílez-Bermejo Javier , Melle-Franco Manuel , San-Fabián Emilio , Morallón Emilia , Cazorla-Amorós Diego
Published: September 2019

The design of advanced N-doped carbon materials towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis is only possible if the nature of the active sites is fully understood.
A well-designed water-soluble binder enlightening the 5 V-class LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes
Authors: Dong Tiantian , Zhang Huanrui , Ma Yue , Zhang Jianjun , Du Xiaofan , Lu Chenglong , Shangguan Xuehui , Li Jiedong , Zhang Min , Yang Jinfeng , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei
Published: September 2019

We prepared poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-lithium maleic acid) as a new aqueous binder for LNMO cathodes, endowing as-prepared 5 V-class LNMO/Li batteries better electrochemical performance than the counterpart of PVDF binder.
3D ordered macroporous MoO2 attached on carbonized cloth for high performance free-standing binder-free lithium–sulfur electrodes
Authors: Liu Yu-Si , Liu Xin , Xu Shu-Mao , Bai Yu-Lin , Ma Chao , Bai Wen-Long , Wu Xue-Yan , Wei Xiao , Wang Kai-Xue , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: September 2019

A free-standing Li–S electrode was fabricated based on the in situ growth of 3DOM MoO2 on carbonized nonwoven cloth. The Li–S electrode with high sulfur loading exhibits superior storage capability and structural robustness.
Bright C2H emission in protoplanetary discs in Lupus: high volatile C/O > 1 ratios
Authors: Miotello A. , Facchini S. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Cazzoletti P. , Testi L. , Williams J. P. , Ansdell M. , van Terwisga S. , van der Marel N.
Published: September 2019

Context. Recent ALMA surveys in different star-forming regions have shown that CO emission in protoplanetary discs is much fainter than expected. Accordingly, CO-based gas masses and gas to dust ratios are orders of magnitude lower than previously thought. This may be explained either as fast gas dispersal, or as chemical evolution and locking up of volatiles in larger bodies leading to the low observed CO fluxes. The latter processes lead to enhanced C/O ratios in the gas, which may be reflected in enhanced abundances of carbon-bearing molecules like C2H.

Aims. The goal of this work is to use C2H observations to understand whether low CO fluxes are caused by volatile depletion or by fast gas dissipation.

Methods. We present ALMA Cycle 4 C2H (N = 3–2, J = 7∕2–5∕2, F = 4–3 and F = 3–2) observations of a subsample of nine sources in the Lupus star-forming region. The integrated C2H emission is determined and compared to previous CO isotopologue observations and physical-chemical model predictions.

Results. Seven out of nine discs are detected in C2H, whose line emission is almost as bright as 13CO. All detections are significantly brighter than the typical sensitivity of the observations, hinting at a bimodal distribution of the C2H line intensities. This conclusion is strengthened when our observations are compared with additional C2H observations of other discs. When compared with physical-chemical models, the observed C2H fluxes can be reproduced only if some level of volatile carbon and oxygen depletion is allowed and [C]/[O] > 1 in the gas. Models with reduced gas-to-dust ratios near unity however fail to reproduce the observed C2H line luminosity. A steeper than linear correlation between C2H and CN emission line is found for the Lupus discs. This is linked to the fact that C2H emission lines are affected more strongly by [C]/[O] variations than CN lines. Ring-like structures are detected both in C2H and in continuum emission but, as for CN, they do not seem to be connected. The source Sz 71 shows ring-shaped emission in both C2H and CN with the location of the peak intensity coinciding, within our 30 au resolution.

Conclusions. Our new ALMA C2H observations favour volatile carbon and oxygen depletion rather than fast gas dispersal to explain the faint CO observations for most of the discs. This result has implications for disc-evolution and planet-formation theories, as disc gas masses may be larger than expected if CO is considered to be the main carbon carrier in the gas phase.
Linking the evolution of terrestrial interiors and an early outgassed atmosphere to astrophysical observations
Authors: Bower Dan J. , Kitzmann Daniel , Wolf Aaron S. , Sanan Patrick , Dorn Caroline , Oza Apurva V.
Published: September 2019

Context. A terrestrial planet is molten during formation and may remain molten due to intense insolation or tidal forces. Observations favour the detection and characterisation of hot planets, potentially with large outgassed atmospheres.

Aims. We aim to determine the radius of hot Earth-like planets with large outgassing atmospheres. Our goal is to explore the differences between molten and solid silicate planets on the mass–radius relationship and transmission and emission spectra.

Methods. An interior–atmosphere model was combined with static structure calculations to track the evolving radius of a hot rocky planet that outgasses CO2 and H2O. We generated synthetic emission and transmission spectra for CO2 and H2O dominated atmospheres.

Results. Atmospheres dominated by CO2 suppress the outgassing of H2O to a greater extent than previously realised since previous studies applied an erroneous relationship between volatile mass and partial pressure. We therefore predict that more H2O can be retained by the interior during the later stages of magma ocean crystallisation. Formation of a surface lid can tie the outgassing of H2O to the efficiency of heat transport through the lid, rather than the radiative timescale of the atmosphere. Contraction of the mantle, as it cools from molten to solid, reduces the radius by around 5%, which can partly be offset by the addition of a relatively light species (e.g. H2O versus CO2) to the atmosphere.

Conclusions. A molten silicate mantle can increase the radius of a terrestrial planet by around 5% compared to its solid counterpart, or equivalently account for a 13% decrease in bulk density. An outgassing atmosphere can perturb the total radius, according to its composition, notably the abundance of light versus heavy volatile species. Atmospheres of terrestrial planets around M-stars that are dominated by CO2 or H2O can be distinguished by observing facilities with extended wavelength coverage (e.g. JWST).
Influence of inelastic collisions with hydrogen atoms on the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium line formation for Fe I and Fe II in the 1D model atmospheres of late-type stars
Authors: Mashonkina L. , Sitnova T. , Yakovleva S. A. , Belyaev A. K.
Published: September 2019

Context. Iron plays a crucial role in studies of late-type stars. In their atmospheres, neutral iron is the minority species, and lines of Fe I are subject to the departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In contrast, one believes that LTE is a realistic approximation for Fe II lines. The main source of the uncertainties in the non-LTE (NLTE) calculations for cool atmospheres is a treatment of inelastic collisions with hydrogen atoms.

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the effect of Fe I + H I and Fe II + H I collisions and their different treatments on the Fe I/Fe II ionisation equilibrium and iron abundance determinations for three Galactic halo benchmark stars (HD 84937, HD 122563, and HD 140283) and a sample of 38 very metal-poor giants in the dwarf galaxies with well known distances.

Methods. We performed the NLTE calculations for Fe I–Fe II by applying quantum-mechanical rate coefficients for collisions with H I from recent papers.

Results. We find that collisions with H I serve as efficient thermalisation processes for Fe II, to an extent that the NLTE abundance corrections for Fe II lines do not exceed 0.02 dex, in absolute value, for [Fe/H] ≳−3, and reach +0.06 dex at [Fe/H] ~−4. For a given star, different treatments of Fe I + H I collisions lead to similar average NLTE abundances from the Fe I lines, although discrepancies in the NLTE abundance corrections exist for individual lines. By using quantum-mechanical collisional data and the Gaia-based surface gravity, we obtain consistent abundances from the two ionisation stages, Fe I and Fe II, for red giant HD 122563. For turn-off star HD 84937, and subgiant HD 140283, we analyse the iron lines in the visible and the ultra-violet (UV, 1968–2990 Å) ranges. For either Fe I or Fe II, abundances from the visible and UV lines are found to be consistent in each star. The NLTE abundances from the two ionisation stages agree within 0.10 dex and 0.13 dex for two different treatments of Fe I + H I collisions. The Fe I/Fe II ionisation equilibrium is achieved for each star of our stellar sample in the dwarf galaxies, with the exception of stars at [Fe/H] ≲−3.7.
Synthesizing carbon nanotubes in space
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Aigen
Published: September 2019

Context. As the fourth most abundant element in the universe, carbon (C) is widespread in the interstellar medium (ISM) in various allotropic forms (e.g. fullerenes have been identified unambiguously in many astronomical environments, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in space has been commonly acknowledged, and presolar graphite, as well as nanodiamonds, have been identified in meteorites). As stable allotropes of these species, whether carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their hydrogenated counterparts are also present in the ISM or not is unknown.

Aims. The aim of the present works is to explore the possible routes for the formation of CNTs in the ISM and calculate their fingerprint vibrational spectral features in the infrared (IR).

Methods. We studied the hydrogen-abstraction and acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism and investigated the synthesis of nanotubes using density functional theory (DFT). The IR vibrational spectra of CNTs and hydrogenated nanotubes (HNTs), as well as their cations, were obtained with DFT.

Results. We find that CNTs could be synthesized in space through a feasible formation pathway. CNTs and cationic CNTs, as well as their hydrogenated counterparts, exhibit intense vibrational transitions in the IR. Their possible presence in the ISM could be investigated by comparing the calculated vibrational spectra with astronomical observations made by the Infrared Space Observatory, Spitzer Space Telescope, and particularly the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.