bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saberes previos y sentido común en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias: un enfoque desde la historia epistemológica de las ciencias
Authors: Valderrama Jorge Márquez
Published: November 2015

Este artículo propone una apertura de los educadores hacia la reflexión sobre los saberes previos de ellos mismos y de sus educandos, a partir de la consideración de estos saberes como un elemento del entorno vital cotidiano, de la construcción del sentido común y de la comunicación en los procesos de ensenanza-aprendizaje. El punto de partida es la pregunta:
Orthodontic decompensation in skeletal Class III malocclusion: redefining the amount of movement assessed by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Cappellozza José Antonio Zuega , Guedes Fabio Pinto , Nary Filho Hugo , Capelozza Filho Leopoldino , Cardoso Mauricio de Almeida
Published: November 2015

Introduction:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is essential for tridimensional planning of orthognathic surgery, as it allows visualization and evaluation of bone structures and mineralized tissues. Tomographic slices allow evaluation of tooth inclination and individualization of movement performed during preoperative decompensation. The aim of this paper was to assess maxillary and mandibular incisors inclination pre and post orthodontic decompensation in skeletal Class III malocclusion.Methods:The study was conducted on six individuals with skeletal Class III malocclusion, surgically treated, who had Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic scans obtained before and after orthodontic decompensation. On multiplanar reconstruction view, tomographic slices (axial, coronal and sagittal) were obtained on the long axis of each incisor. The sagittal slice was used for measurement taking, whereas the references used to assess tooth inclination were the long axis of maxillary teeth in relation to the palatal plane and the long axis of mandibular teeth in relation to the mandibular plane.Results:There was significant variation in the inclination of incisors before and after orthodontic decompensation. This change was of greater magnitude in the mandibular arch, evidencing that natural compensation is more effective in this arch, thereby requiring more intensive decompensation.Conclusion:When routinely performed, the protocols of decompensation treatment in surgical individuals often result in intensive movements, which should be reevaluated, since the extent of movement predisposes to reduction in bone attachment levels and root length.
Effect of chlorhexidine varnish on gingival growth in orthodontic patients: a randomized prospective split-mouth study
Authors: Pretti Henrique , Barbosa Gabriella Lopes de Rezende , Lages Elizabeth Maria Bastos , Gala-García Alfonso , Magalhães Claudia Silami de , Moreira Allyson Nogueira
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic appliances patients suffer limitations on the effective control of biofilm by mechanical methods, bringing the need of a coadjutant in the control of inflammation and oral health improvement.Objective: The aim of this prospective split-mouth blind study was to analyze the effect of a 40% chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish on gingival growth of patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. Methods: Healthy teenage patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and increased gingival volume were recruited (n = 30). Each individual was his own control, having in the maxilla one control side and one treatment side. An application of varnishes occurred on the vestibular area of the upper premolars and first molar crowns, on the control side (placebo varnish) and on the experimental side (EC40(r) Biodentic CHX varnish). The varnishes and sides were randomly chosen and its identification and group was kept by a third party observer and it was not revealed to the researchers and participants until the end of study. In order to establish a baseline registration, digital photographs were taken by a trained photographer before varnish application at baseline (T0), as well as 14 days (T14) and 56 days (T56) after the application. The gingival volume was calculated indirectly using the vestibular areas (mm2) of the upper second premolars' clinical crowns by RapidSketch(r) software, at all study times. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Turkey-Krammer test.Results:It was observed, in the final sample of 30 individuals, that at T0, the control and treatment groups were similar. At T14 and T56, a progressive reduction of the clinical crown area was seen in the control group, and an increase in the average area was detected in the experimental group (p < 0,05).Conclusions: The use of 40% CHX varnish decreases the gingival overgrowth in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Further studies are necessary to set the action time and frequency of application.
Reliability of Bolton analysis evaluation in tridimensional virtual models
Authors: Brandão Marianna Mendonca , Sobral Marcio Costal , Vogel Carlos Jorge
Published: November 2015

Objective: The present study aimed at evaluating the reliability of Bolton analysis in tridimensional virtual models, comparing it with the manual method carried out with dental casts.Methods:The present investigation was performed using 56 pairs of dental casts produced from the dental arches of patients in perfect conditions and randomly selected from Universidade Federal da Bahia, School of Dentistry, Orthodontics Postgraduate Program. Manual measurements were obtained with the aid of a digital Cen-Tech 4"(r) caliper (Harpor Freight Tools, Calabasas, CA, USA). Subsequently, samples were digitized on 3Shape(r)R-700T scanner (Copenhagen, Denmark) and digital measures were obtained by Ortho Analyzer software.Results:Data were subject to statistical analysis and results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between measurements with p-values equal to p = 0.173 and p= 0.239 for total and anterior proportions, respectively.Conclusion:Based on these findings, it is possible to deduce that Bolton analysis performed on tridimensional virtual models is as reliable as measurements obtained from dental casts with satisfactory agreement.
Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor in an Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion patient
Authors: Thiesen Guilherme
Published: November 2015

The present case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a patient with agenesis of maxillary left lateral incisor and Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. The patient also presented with maxillary midline deviation and inclination of the occlusal plane in the anterior region. Treatment objectives were: correction of sagittal relationship between the maxilla and the mandible; correction of midline deviation, so as to cause maxillary and mandibular midlines to coincide; correction of overbite and leveling of the occlusal plane, so as to create ideal conditions for esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as a requirement for the title of certified by the BBO.
Logística sustentável: avaliação de estratégias de redução das emissões de CO2 no transporte rodoviário de cargas
Authors: Bartholomeu Daniela Bacchi , Péra Thiago Guilherme , Caixeta-Filho José Vicente
Published: November 2015

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e quantificar o potencial de mitigação de CO2 no transporte rodoviário de cargas decorrente da adoção de medidas e tecnologias voltadas para promover (a) a redução do consumo de combustível, bem como (b) a substituição gradativa do diesel pelo biodiesel. Em cada caso, foi estimada a emissão do cenário base e, em seguida, foram feitas simulações que permitiram construir a curva de emissão em função de avanços tecnológicos voltados para aumentar a eficiência energética ou substituir diesel por biodiesel. Os principais parâmetros utilizados para mensurar as emissões dizem respeito à distância percorrida, quantidade de carga transportada e consumo de combustível. Foram coletados dados primários junto a diversas transportadoras, compondo uma amostra de 145 veículos. Os principais resultados indicam que um aumento de 0,5 km/l na eficiência energética da frota leva a uma redução de cerca de 20% nas emissões de GEE. Entretanto, o potencial de mitigação das emissões através do aumento do teor de biodiesel não é tão promissor, devido, em grande parte, à queda do rendimento do veículo e consequente aumento do consumo. Neste sentido, os resultados apontam que esforços que busquem reduzir consumo de combustível da frota podem contribuir de forma mais efetiva para redução das emissões de GEE que a substituição de percentuais cada vez maiores de diesel por biodiesel.
Modelo de roteirização para a distribuição de materiais de terraplenagem baseado em programação inteira
Authors: Falcão Viviane Adriano , Prata Bruno de Athayde , Nobre Júnior Ernesto Ferreira
Published: November 2015

ResumoAlguns estudos afirmam que para obter uma economia geral na construção, os planejadores devem desenvolver uma estratégia de forma a otimizar a utilização dos recursos. Em obras de terraplenagem, uma das formas de fazer isso é minimizar a distância total percorrida pelos veículos na movimentação de terra entre as zonas de corte e aterro. Há muitos estudos que focam na otimização da distribuição de materiais entre zonas de corte e aterro, porém poucos aplicaram em projetos reais, nenhum deles considerou múltiplos equipamentos e nem fizeram uma análise baseada na distância entre estacas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de Programação Matemática que minimize a distância percorrida pelos caminhões basculantes em atividades de distribuição de materiais na terraplenagem. O modelo foi aplicado em um estudo de caso em uma obra rodoviária, no qualse obteve a alocação de corte e aterro ótima, de forma a minimizar a distância percorrida pelos caminhões, e, por conseguinte, a rota ótima para a utilização de caminhões ao longo da obra. Ao comparar o resultado obtido pelo modelo e o resultado fornecido pelo diagrama de massas obtém-se uma economia de 12% na distância percorrida.
Condi(a)Ção Humana e Liberdade
Authors: Pires Joelma Lúcia Vieira
Published: November 2015

RESUMO:O objeto de estudo deste artigo é a condição humana. Qual a possibilidade de existência da condição humana fundamentada na liberdade? O objetivo é relacionar esfera pública, política, liberdade e condição humana. A elaboração teórica considerou obras de Etienne de La Boétie, Hannah Arendt, Cornelius Castoriadis, entre outros. Na atualidade, ocorre a supressão da condição humana, pois a esfera pública tem a ingerência da esfera privada, predominando a razão instrumental e a lógica do mercado, e o homem é afastado da vida política. Por isso, a nossa ação política pela liberdade é fundamental para a problematização do processo de banalização do mal e da servidão voluntária. A coragem é uma virtude indispensável à ação política, é necessária para nos libertarmos da dominação e do servilismo da vida privada e conquistarmos a vida política. A centralidade da ação política do homem é a sua condição de ser atuante para a reafirmação da esfera pública, do mundo da pluralidade, humano e comum. Todavia, a condição humana fundamentada na liberdade implica a superação da atividade e do pensamento pragmáticos e fragmentários da vida cotidiana e a constituição da praxis na dimensão humano-genérica consciente.
Emoción, Sentimiento y Pasión en Kant
Authors: González Ana Marta
Published: November 2015

RESUMEN:En este trabajo se analiza el modo en que Kant distingue entre sentimiento y emoción, por un lado, y emoción y pasión, por otro, para mostrar: 1) que bajo el término “emoción” (Affekt) Kant entiende principalmente la afección orgánica privada de contenido cognitivo, aunque precedida y seguida de representaciones; 2) que la emoción constituye un elemento integral de lo que Kant denomina “sentimiento” (Gefühl), término del que se sirve para designar la dimensión subjetiva de la experiencia en sentido amplio, no limitado a la afección empírica; 3) que su concepción negativa de la pasión justifica la posterior distinción entre emoción y pasión introducida en los estudios científicos.
Active search of women as an efficacy factor for a breast and cervical cancer screening program in the city of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Borges João Bosco Ramos , Guarisi Renata , Lacerda Andressa de Araújo , Poli Juliana Letícia , Borges Pítia Cárita de Godoy , Moraes Sirlei Siani
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the profile of women looking for gynecological care to the profile of women invited to participate in the program, assessing breast and cervical cancer risk factors in each group and comparing Papanicolaou's test and mammography results. Methods: Medical records of 46 women participating in a breast and cervical cancer prevention program and 42 medical reports of women that regularly visited the primary healthcare unit from August to December 2006 were examined. Results: The mean interval between the last Papanicolaou's tests was of approximately 19.7 months when comparing women visiting their physician and 25.3 participants in the program. There was one case (1.1%) of high grade intraepithelial lesion in one woman included in the program. Regarding breast cancer, when comparing both groups, we verified that all women above the age of 40 years that participated in the program underwent mammography; this was not verified in the group seeing a physician. This shows the efficacy of this screening, actively looking for women in the age group at risk for breast cancer. Conclusions: Active search is important to recruit women; the screening program needs improvement to show its real impact on morbidity and mortality of these cancers.
Evaluation of the behavior of the preschool one just admitted in the unit of pediatrics and the use of the therapeutic toy
Authors: Campos Mariana Coelho , Rodrigues Karen Cristina S. , Pinto Marcia Carla Morete
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the behavior of children before and after a therapeutic play session. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive study was carried out in a major hospital of the city of Santos, State of São Paulo, involving 30 preschool children recently admitted to a pediatric ward. A behavior scale was applied before and after a therapeutic play session. This scale comprises six categories: moving, gazing, expressing feelings, talking, playing, and not responding to stimuli or requests. Each category is scored from 1 to 3, the lowest score representing the least interaction. Results: Before therapeutic play sessions, children showed no interest and were scored 1 and 2: moving parts of their bodies and expressing emotions, such as seriousness, and gazing rapidly to a place as if expecting something. After therapeutic play, the children progressed to level 3: changing position, moving with a purpose, observing attentively to what they saw, and expressing emotions such as joy. Conclusion: Children interact well with the toys, representing home and hospital situations, and expressing feelings of anger and love. We also observed that therapeutic play improved the interactions of children with this new situation, making it easier for them to accept treatment and perceiving hospitalization as less aggressive and painful.
A mobile interventional radiology unit: innovation and social responsibility
Authors: Kisilevzky Nestor Hugo , Elkis Henrique , Gusmao Francielle Aparecida
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the preliminary results of a feasibility study performed to determine the value of a mobile interventional radiology unit used to promote a uterine embolization program for low-income patients. Methods: Forty patients with symptomatic fibroids were treated with uterine embolization. Procedures were performed in four public hospitals in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. This study was approved by the institutional research ethics committee and all patients signed an informed consent form. A mobile interventional radiology unit, named ANGIOMOVEL, was conceived and implemented utilizing a small truck to transport one mobile C arm, one radiological table, protection aprons and a small trolley containing specific supplies for the procedures. The ANGIOMOVEL team consisted of two interventional radiologists, one nurse, one driver and one assistant. The unit visited one hospital per week during a three-month period. Patient inclusion was contingent upon several factors, such as evaluation by a trained gynecologist, completion of a pelvic MRI, routine serological laboratory tests and completion of a quality of life questionnaire (QOL). Outcomes, MRI and QOL were evaluated. Data obtained after 12 weeks were collected and analyzed. Results: Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases, with a mean procedure time of 43 minutes and a mean fluoroscopic time of 24 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 1.07 day and the mean time for recovery and return to normal activities was 10 days. After 12 weeks, 36 (90%) of patients noticed improvement of their symptoms and 4 (10%) did not notice any improvement. Thirty-eight patients (95%) were satisfied or very satisfied and 39 (97.5%) said they would recommend the procedure. Pre- and post-procedure magnetic resonance imaging analysis showed that complete fibroid ischemia was achieved in 92.5% of cases with a mean uterine volume reduction of 38% and a mean fibroid volume reduction of 52%. Health-related quality of life scores showed improvement, increasing from 39.30 before the treatment to 79.62 points after therapy. Conclusions: The initial results indicate that using a Mobile Interventional Radiology Unit is feasible, efficient and safe to develop a successful uterine fibroid embolization program providing care to the underserved patient community.
En bloc pancreaticoduodenectomy and right hemicolectomy to treat locally advanced right colon cancer: report of three cases
Authors: Costa Sergio Renato Pais , Horta Sergio Henrique Couto , Henriques Alexandre Cruz , Waisberg Jaques , Speranzini Manlio Basílio
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Although colorectal tumors are fairly common surgical conditions, 5 to 12% of these tumors are locally advanced (T4 tumors) upon diagnosis. In this particular situation, the efficacy of en bloc multivisceral resection has been proven. When right-colon cancer invades the proximal duodenum or even the pancreatic head, a challenging dilemma arises due to complexity of the curative surgical procedure. Therefore, en bloc pancreaticoduodenectomy with right hemicolectomy should be performed to obtain free margins. The present study reports three cases of locally advanced right-colon cancer invading the proximal duodenum. All of these cases underwent successful en bloc pancreaticoduodenectomy plus right hemicolectomy, with no death occurrence. Long-term survival was observed in two cases (30 and 50 months). In the third case, the patient did not present any recurrence twelve months after surgical treatment. Multivisceral resection with en bloc pancreaticoduodenectomy should be considered for patients who present acceptable risk for major surgery and no distant dissemination. This approach seems justified since the length of postoperative survival is longer in radically ressected groups (R0) than in palliativelly resected groups (R1-2).
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in adnexial torsion
Authors: Trindade Ronald Meira Castro , Baroni Ronaldo Hueb , Rosemberg Michelle , Quadros Marianne Siquara de , Racy Marcelo de Castro Jorge , Tachibana Adriano , Funari Marcelo Buarque de Gusmão
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Adnexial torsion is an unusual event, but a major cause of abdominal pain in women. It is often associated with ovarian tumor or cyst, but can occur in normal ovaries, especially in children. The twisting of adnexial structures may involve the ovary or tube, but frequently affects both. In most cases, it is unilateral, with slight predilection for the right side. In imaging findings, increased ovarian volume and adnexial masses are observed, with reduced or absent vascularization. In cases of undiagnosed or untreated complete twist, hemorrhagic necrosis may occur leading to complications; in that, peritonitis is the most frequent. Early diagnosis helps preventing irreversible damage with conservative treatment, thereby saving the ovary. Limitations in performing physical examination, possible inconclusive results in ultrasound and exposure to radiation in computed tomography makes magnetic resonance imaging a valuable tool in emergency assessment of gynecological diseases. The objective of this study was to report two confirmed cases of adnexial twist, emphasizing the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of this condition.
Occurrence of antibodies anti -Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leptospira interrogans in a captive deer herd in Southern Brazil
Authors: Zimpel Cristina Kraemer , Grazziotin Ana Laura , Barros Filho Ivan Roque de , Guimaraes Ana Marcia de Sa , Santos Leonilda Correia dos , Moraes Wanderlei de , Cubas Zalmir Silvino , Oliveira Marcos Jose de , Pituco Edviges Maristela , Lara Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold , Villalobos Eliana Monteforte Cassaro , Silva Lília Marcia Paulin , Cunha Elenice Maria Sequetin , Castro Vanessa , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: November 2015

Abstract A large number of Brazilian zoos keep many endangered species of deer, however, very few disease surveillance studies have been conducted among captive cervids. Blood samples from 32 Brazilian deer (Blastocerus dichotomus, Mazama nana and Mazama americana) kept in captivity at Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary (Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil) were investigated for 10 ruminant pathogens, with the aims of monitoring deer health status and evaluating any potential zoonotic risk. Deer serum samples were tested for Brucella abortus, Leptospira (23 serovars), Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, western equine encephalitis virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Antibodies against T. gondii (15.6%), N. caninum (6.2%) and L. interrogans serogroup Serjoe (3.1%) were detected. The serological results for all other infectious agents were negative. The deer were considered to be clinically healthy and asymptomatic regarding any disease. Compared with studies on free-ranging deer, the prevalences of the same agents tested among the captive deer kept at the Sanctuary were lower, thus indicating good sanitary conditions and high-quality management practices at the zoo.
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Tocantins: serology and associated factors
Authors: Raimundo Juliana Macedo , Guimarães Andresa , Moraes Larissa Martins de Brito , Santos Lucélia Azevedo , Nepomuceno Leandro Lopes , Barbosa Silvia Minharro , Pires Marcus Sandes , Santos Huarrisson Azevedo , Massard Carlos Luiz , Machado Rosangela Zacarias , Baldani Cristiane Divan
Published: November 2015

Abstract This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Araguaína, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p<0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p<0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.
Antibodies to Leishmania spp. in domestic felines
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Capriogli , Paiz Laís Moraes , Menozzi Benedito Donizete , Lima Michele de Souza , Moraes Carla Cristina Guimarães de , Langoni Helio
Published: November 2015

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoa in the genus Leishmania, typical of rural and peri-urban environments. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis is Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi and the main insect vector in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. Dogs (Canis familiaris) are important in the transmission of the disease, as a reservoir closely related to humans and an infection source for phlebotomine vectors. Since 1990, an increasing number of feline leishmaniasis cases have been reported, suggesting that domestic cats (Felis catus) might be involved in the epidemiology of the disease. The present study analyzed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in naturally infected domestic cats from various neighborhoods in the municipality of Belém, Pará, Brazil, using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the direct agglutination test (DAT). Among the 443 samples tested, 18 (4.06%) presented positive reactions in the IFA. The observed titers were 40 IU in 4.97% of the samples and 80 IU in 0.90%. In the DAT test, positive results were found in 25 (5.64%) of the samples. The observed titers were also 40 IU (4.97%) and 80 IU (0.68%). The agreement rate between the two tests was considered low (Kappa coefficient = 0.10).
Serological, parasitological and molecular tests for canine visceral leishmaniosis diagnosis in a longitudinal study
Authors: Nunes Cáris Maroni , Lima Valéria Marçal Félix de , Melo Guilherme Dias de , Paula Henrique Borges de , Pereira Maria Esther Gonçalves , Tronco Cristiana de Melo Trinconi , Hiramoto Roberto Mitsuyoshi , Laurenti Marcia Dalastra , Burattini Marcelo Nascimento
Published: November 2015

Abstract One of the measures to control visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in Brazil is the identification and culling of the canine reservoir. There is much controversy concerning this strategy, including the proper identification of positive dogs and the fact that the host-parasite relationship changes over time make it more challenging. A dynamic cohort of 62 dogs was followed every three months using serological and parasitological examinations and PCR. Positivity by PCR was higher than by serology and by parasitological examinations and showed a tendency to decrease over time, while serology tended to increase after six months. Concomitant positivity in all tests was observed in 10.4% of the samples, and negativity in 29.1%. Overall sensitivity ranged from 43.6 to 64.1%, and was not uniform over time. The proportion of dogs with or without clinical signs was not different by cytology or PCR but PCR was able to identify a larger number of asymptomatic dogs compared to ELISA and immunochromatography. PCR can be useful for surveillance of areas where cases of canine VL have not yet been detected and in which control strategies can be implemented to limit the spread of the disease. Despite the advance in diagnostic tools CVL diagnosis remains a challenge.
Medullary Microvascular Thrombosis and Injury in Sickle Hemoglobin C Disease
Authors: Bissonnette Mei Lin Z. , Henriksen Kammi J. , Delaney Kristie , Stankus Nicole , Chang Anthony
Published: November 2015

Sickle cell nephropathy is a common complication in patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. In these disorders, polymerization of mutated hemoglobin S results in deformation of red blood cells, which can cause endothelial cell injury in the kidney that may lead to thrombus formation when severe or manifest by multilayering of the basement membranes (glomerular and/or peritubular capillaries) in milder forms of injury. As the injury progresses, the subsequent ischemia, tubular dysfunction, and glomerular scarring can result in CKD or ESRD. Sickle cell nephropathy can occur in patients with homozygous hemoglobin SS or heterozygous hemoglobin S (hemoglobin SC, hemoglobin S/β
0-thalassemia, and hemoglobin S/β
+-thalassemia). Clinical manifestations resulting from hemoglobin S polymerization are often milder in patients with heterozygous hemoglobin S. These patients may not present with clinically apparent acute sickle cell crises, but these milder forms can provide a unique view of the kidney injury in sickle cell disease. Here, we report a patient with hemoglobin SC disease who showed peritubular capillary and vasa recta thrombi and capillary basement membrane alterations primarily involving the renal medulla. This patient highlights the vascular occlusion and endothelial cell injury in the medulla that contribute to sickle cell nephropathy.
The use of Danielson's Framework in developing a new fieldwork training setting for 3rd year occupational therapy students from the University of the Western Cape
Authors: Erasmus Jane , Vermeulen Nicola
Published: November 2015

Charlotte Danielson developed a framework for teaching to assist novice educators. Her framework considers four domains, namely Planning and Preparation, The Classroom Environment, Instruction and finally Professional Responsibilities. This article describes the adaptation of Danielson's Framework in the development of a new fieldwork setting for third year occupational therapy students. The description of the process that was followed illustrates how the four domains were used to guide the development of a new fieldwork setting, which would meet the requirements of the university as well as the needs of a group of six third year occupational therapy students who were doing their first fieldwork practice in this new setting. The conclusion shows that this Framework proved to be a suitable one to guide the process of developing a fieldwork setting. Keywords: Fieldwork site development, Danielson's Framework, Student training and supervision
Preparation for an uncertain world: Professional agency and durability in the practice preparation of mental health in occupational therapy
Authors: Wimpenny Katherine , Lewis Loren
Published: November 2015

INTRODUCTION: This article presents the findings from a cross contextual pilot study, which investigated how the occupational therapy pre-registration programme prepares occupational therapy graduates for contemporary mental health practice. In particular occupational therapy graduates in their first post were asked for their perspectives about how the curriculum had equipped them to be visible, agented and influential therapists, fit for practice for contemporary mental health METHOD: Using case study methodology, 11 graduates from a South African and a UK university were interviewed and the data thematically analysed and interpreted FINDINGS / RESULTS: Four key themes are presented, namely: 'identity and relationship to the profession'; 'informing personal attributes and characteristics'; 'professional knowledge and knowing'; and 'capacity, desire and durability to be, do, and act in practice' CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that the challenge for professional education in occupational therapy mental health lies in developing graduates as agented therapists with a strong professional identity and ability to creatively implement occupation-focused practice. Moreover, graduates need to be durable therapists, equipped in promoting professional perspectives amidst complex multi-agency organisational dynamics in the changing environment of practice Key words: education, mental health, graduate, practice
Students' fieldwork experiences of using community entry skills within community development
Authors: Vermeulen Nicola , Bell Teneil , Amod Aneesah , Cloete André , Johannes Taryn , Williams Karen
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Community development has been identified as an approach that occupational therapists can use to make a unique contribution to the health of communities. There is however limited research that addresses the practical application that occupational therapists need to use when engaged in community development. This includes community development's most important phase of community entry which is defined as a prelude to any action that will take place in true partnership with the community PURPOSE: This paper explores the experiences offinal year occupational therapy students using community entry skills during community fieldwork practice METHODS: An auto-ethnographic approach was used to explore students' experiences of the use of community entry skills within community development. Data collected included the use of the students' reflective fieldwork journals, a narrative and a focus group. All data collected was critically analysed through a process of thematic analysis in order to explore the students' experiences of the use of community entry skills during community fieldwork practice FINDINGS: The findings of this study highlight that the process of community entry is a subjective experience that requires mindfulness and awareness in becoming a part of the community. This allows professionals to interact with the community and its members and it gives rise to the understanding that one receives when working in a community IMPLICATIONS: Recommendations are made regarding the support of and preparation of Occupational Therapists in the field of community development. Key words: Community Development, Community Entry Skills, Fieldwork Education, Auto-ethnography
Fostering evidence-based practice in community-based rehabilitation: Strategies for implementation
Authors: Buchanan Helen , Lorenzo Theresa , Law Mary
Published: November 2015

Occupational therapists around the world are taking up the challenge to implement an evidence-based practice approach to the development of occupational therapy services. The emphasis in applying evidence-based practice within occupational therapy has been strongly biomedical in focus. In South Africa, many occupational therapists work in communities where their work is largely community-based rehabilitation. With no examples of how evidence-based practice can be applied in such settings, therapists have struggled with how it may be used to inform their practice. This paper explores the concepts of evidence-based practice and community-based rehabilitation, and illustrates how evidence-based practice can be applied within community-based rehabilitation. Examples are provided to show how evidence-based practice can realistically be applied in community-based rehabilitation programmes with the intention of empowering therapists to begin using evidence as a basis for their practice. It further explores how evidence-based practice can be used by occupational therapists to inform decision-making related to the development of community-based rehabilitation programmes and services. Keywords: evidence-based practice, community-based rehabilitation, occupational therapy, practice-based evidence
Analytical-Numerical Solution of a Parabolic Diffusion Equation Under Uncertainty Conditions Using DTM with Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: González Parra Gilberto , Arenas Abraham J , Cogollo Miladys
Published: November 2015

A numerical method to solve a general random linear parabolic equationwhere the diffusion coefficient, source term, boundary and initial condi-tions include uncertainty, is developed. Diffusion equations arise in manyfields of science and engineering, and, in many cases, there are uncertaintiesdue to data that cannot be known, or due to errors in measurements andintrinsic variability. In order to model these uncertainties the correspon-ding parameters, diffusion coefficient, source term, boundary and initialconditions, are assumed to be random variables with certainprobabilitydistributions functions. The proposed method includes finite differenceschemes on the space variable and the differential transformation methodfor the time. In addition, the Monte Carlo method is used to deal withthe random variables. The accuracy of the hybrid method is investigatednumerically using the closed form solution of the deterministic associated equation. Based on the numerical results, confidence intervals and ex-pected mean values for the solution are obtained. Furthermore, with theproposed hybrid method numerical-analytical solutions are obtained.
Dexmedetomidine: A Review of a Newer Sedative in Dentistry
Authors: Devasya A , Sarpangala M
Published: November 2015

Dexmedetomidine is a central α-2 agonist, similar to Clonidine, but 8 times more specific for the central α-2 receptor which causes sedation with minimal depression of respiration, making it safe for sedation during procedures. It is widely used in the field of medicine for many procedures especially premedication, awake intubation, and sedation of patients in intensive care units and pediatric procedural sedation.

Objective: To do a systematic review of the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, as well as the usage of newer sedative drug- Dexmedetomidine in dentistry. Study design: The search for articles was conducted in Pub Med, including the articles published in English until Oct 2014. Both animal and human studies were included using the key words, “Dexmedetomidine”, “Dexmedetomidine in sedation”, “Dexmedetomidine in Dentistry”, and “Dexmedetomidine in Pediatric dentistry”. The Articles obtained were checked for their quality methodology and inference of the studies and selected for review. Results: Initial search retrieved 2436 articles, out of which 44 articles were on the subject of Dexmedetomidine in dentistry. Five of which articles were on the usage of Dexmedetomidine in pediatric dentistry. These studies were included in systematic review. Conclusion: The study revealed that Dexmedetomidine being a new drug with its added advantages makes a better choice for sedation in dentistry. But with limited studies on Dexmedetomidine, the recommendation to use the drug exclusively is still under debate.
Evaluation of Different Root Canal Obturation Methods in Primary Teeth Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography
Authors: Singh R , Chaudhary S , Manuja N , Chaitra TR , Sinha AA
Published: November 2015

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of 3 different obturation techniques; motor driven lentulospiral, hand held lentulospiral and reamer in primary anterior teeth and presence of voids by analyzing with CBCT. Study Design: 60 single rooted extracted primary teeth were prepared and obturated with ZOE paste. Obturation methods were divided into three groups. GROUP I- motor driven lentulo spiral, II- hand held lentulo spiral and III- reamer. Obturated samples were scanned in CBCT machine and images were analysed for the evaluation of their quality of fill comprising presence, location and size of voids. Results : At all the locations, Group II had maximum number of sites with voids when compared to other two groups. However, statistically significant intergroup differences were observed only at coronal third location (p=0.001) and overall assessment (p=0.003). Number of affected sites revealed the difference between Groups I and II be significant statistically (p=0.002) while the difference between Groups I and III and between Groups II and III was not significant statistically (p>0.05). At all the locations as well as for combined assessment, Group I had minimum mean size of the void. Conclusion : Motor driven lentulo spiral technique demonstrated more number of optimal fills with fewer voids when compared to hand held lentulo spiral technique and reamer.
Pain Perception: Computerized versus Traditional Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mittal M , Kumar A , Srivastava D , Sharma P , Sharma S
Published: November 2015

Background: Local anesthetic injection is one of the most anxiety- provoking procedure for both children and adult patients in dentistry. A computerized system for slow delivery of local anesthetic has been developed as a possible solution to reduce the pain related to the local anesthetic injection. Study design: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare pain perception rates in pediatric patients with computerized system and traditional methods, both objectively and subjectively. Study design: It was a randomized controlled study in one hundred children aged 8-12 years in healthy physical and mental state, assessed as being cooperative, requiring extraction of maxillary primary molars. Children were divided into two groups by random sampling - Group A received buccal and palatal infiltration injection using Wand, while Group B received buccal and palatal infiltration using traditional syringe. Visual Analog scale (VAS) was used for subjective evaluation of pain perception by patient. Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale was used as an objective method where sound, eye and motor reactions of patient were observed and heart rate measurement using pulse oximeter was used as the physiological parameter for objective evaluation. Results: Patients experienced significantly less pain of injection with the computerized method during palatal infiltration, while less pain was not statistically significant during buccal infiltration. Heart rate increased during both buccal and palatal infiltration in traditional and computerized local anesthesia, but difference between traditional and computerized method was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that pain perception was significantly more during traditional palatal infiltration injection as compared to computerized palatal infiltration, while there was no difference in pain perception during buccal infiltration in both the groups
A Retrospective Study of 248 Pediatric Oral Sedations Utilizing the Combination of Meperidine and Hydroxyzine for Dental Treatment
Authors: Lenahan M , Wells M , Scarbecz M
Published: November 2015

Oral sedation for pre-cooperative and anxious pediatric patients is an important tool for the pediatric dentist. Few studies have examined the sedation regimen of meperidine and hydroxyzine. Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the overall safety and effectiveness of the meperidine/hydroxyzine drug combination. Secondary goals included detecting potential factors that alter sedation effectiveness. Study Design: Two hundred and forty eight electronic health records of pediatric patients (131 females, 117 males) who received meperidine/hydroxyzine sedations in a university setting were evaluated. Pediatric dental residents rated each case according to the Frankl behavioral scale and for effectiveness. Numerous factors were analyzed to evaluate their significance on overall effectiveness. Factors examined included age at time of treatment, gender, ASA status, Frankl score at various points during treatment, sextant of treatment, operator experience, dosage, use of nitrous oxide, and any complications encountered during treatment, both major and minor. Results: Over 81% of sedations were considered effective or very effective. Statistically significant findings included age of patient, pre-sedation behavior, and willingness to take the medication. Less than 5% of sedations were aborted due to behavior. Only one major complication was found, which was not related to the sedation. Conclusions: Meperidine combined with hydroxyzine is a safe and effective sedation regimen for uncooperative or pre-cooperative children during dental treatment.
Retrospective Study of Association between Displacement of Maxillary Canine and Tooth Agenesis
Authors: Jang E , Lee K , An S , Song J , Ra J
Published: November 2015

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationships between displacement of maxillary canine and tooth agenesis in age from 10 to 19 years. Study design. The panoramic radiographs of 128 subjects with displacement of maxillary canine and 600 subjects without displacement of maxillary canine were examined. The panoramic radiographs taken between 2003 and 2013 were used for diagnosis other related dental anomalies, including permanent tooth agenesis and small maxillary lateral incisor. Results. Patients with maxillary canine displacement had a significantly higher prevalence rate of permanent tooth agenesis excluding of third molars (p < 0.05). Significant increase in occurrence of tooth agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor (p < 0.05), maxillary second premolar (p < 0.05) and small maxillary lateral incisor (p < 0.05). In contrast, the mandibular second premolar did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion. This study indicates that there is positive relationship between displacement of maxillary canine, small maxillary lateral incisor and permanent tooth agenesis. Especially, maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary second premolar have strong association with maxillary canine displacement. Consequently, permanent tooth agenesis and small maxillary lateral incisor can be a predictor of maxillary canine displacement.
Comparative Mortality and Risk Factors for Death among US Supreme Court Justices (1789-2013)
Authors: Reynolds Robert J. , Kush Scott J. , Day Steven M. , Vachon Pierre
Published: November 2015

Objectives

To compare the mortality experience of 112 justices of the US Supreme Court with that expected in the general population. To identify variables associated with mortality within this cohort.

Background

Supreme Court justices are a select occupational cohort. High socio-economic status, advanced education, lifetime appointment, and the healthy worker effect suggest lower mortality. Sedentary work, stress, and a tendency to work beyond typical retirement age may attenuate this.

Methods

Standardized mortality ratios compare the observed mortality rates of justices with those expected in age- and sex-matched contemporary general populations. Poisson regression analyzes variables associated with mortality within the cohort.

Results

From 1789 to 2013, 112 justices (108 male) contributed 2,355 person-years of exposure. Mean age (standard deviation) at appointment was 53.1 years (6.7); at retirement 69.7 years (9.9); at death (n = 100) 74.4 years (10.3); and at end of the study for those alive (n = 12) 72.1 years (11.8). Standardized mortality ratios (95% ci) were: overall 0.87 (0.70-1.05); prior to 1950 0.92 (0.61-1.33); and from 1950 to 2013 0.66 (0.42-0.99). Variables in the final Poisson model and their associated mortality rate ratios (95% ci) were: age 1.06 (1.03-1.09); calendar year 0.99 (0.99-1.00); active status 0.41 (0.25-0.68); career length 1.04 (1.01-1.07); and chief justice 1.08 (0.59-1.84).

Conclusions

Supreme Court mortality was lower than that of the general population in the period from 1950 to the present, but was on par prior to 1950. Increasing age and career length were associated with greater mortality, while active status and later calendar year with lower. These results may add to a body of knowledge that may help to develop or refine models of mortality risk in increasingly aged working populations.