bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of stearic acid coated talc, CaCO3, and mixed talc/CaCO3 particles on the rheological properties of polypropylene compounds
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Jea , White James L. , Eun Shim Sang , Choe Soonja
Published: June 2004

The effect of the stearic acid coated fillers and their geometry on the shear/dynamic viscosity and complex viscosity has been investigated using polypropylene (PP) compounds filled with stearic acid uncoated and coated talc, calcite, and mixed talc/calcite particles. The viscosity was measured over a wide range of shear rates (10−8 to 103) using a capillary, cone‐plate and sandwich rheometer. Overall, the rheological properties of the compounds exhibited different behavior upon different filler systems, stearic acid involvement, shear stress or strain, and frequencies due to stearic acid involvement. This implies that the stearic acid lowers the interfacial force between the filler surface and the resin matrix, followed by a favorable processing. In addition, at very low shear stresses, the viscosity of talc(un) compounds was higher than calcite(un) ones; at very high shear stresses, on the other hand, talc compounds became lower than calcite(un) compounds. This is interpreted as due to the different geometry between talc and calcite. The yield value as a function of shear stress was observed for all filler systems and exhibited lower than that obtained from the extrapolation. Furthermore, the Cox–Merz relation between the complex and shear viscosity for both the stearic acid uncoated and coated compounds is found not valid. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2105–2113, 2004
Fly ash particles and precipitated silica as fillers in rubbers. I. Untreated fillers in natural rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber compounds
Authors: Sombatsompop N. , Thongsang S. , Markpin T. , Wimolmala E.
Published: June 2004

In this study, we investigated the effects of untreated precipitated silica (PSi) and fly ash silica (FASi) as fillers on the properties of natural rubber (NR) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds. The cure characteristics and the final properties of the NR and SBR compounds were considered separately and comparatively with regard to the effect of the loading of the fillers, which ranged from 0 to 80 phr. In the NR system, the cure time and minimum and maximum torques of the NR compounds progressively increased at PSi loadings of 30–75 phr. A relatively low cure time and low viscosity of the NR compounds were achieved throughout the FASi loadings used. The vulcanizate properties of the FASi‐filled vulcanizates appeared to be very similar to those of the PSi‐filled vulcanizates at silica contents of 0–30 phr. Above these concentrations, the properties of the PSi‐filled vulcanizates improved, whereas those of the FASi‐filled compounds remained the same. In the SBR system, the changing trends of all of the properties of the filled SBR vulcanizates were very similar to those of the filled NR vulcanizates, except for the tensile and tear strengths. For a given rubber matrix and silica content, the discrepancies in the results between PSi and FASi were associated with filler–filler interactions, filler particle size, and the amount of nonrubber in the vulcanizates. With the effect of the FASi particles on the mechanical properties of the NR and SBR vulcanizates considered, we recommend fly ash particles as a filler in NR at silica concentrations of 0–30 phr but not in SBR systems, except when improvement in the tensile and tear properties is required. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2119–2130, 2004
Regioregular poly(3‐alkylthiophenes): Synthesis, characterization, and application in conductive fabrics
Authors: Daoud Walid A. , Xin John H.
Published: June 2004

Poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT) and poly(3‐decylthiophene) (P3DT) with high contents of head‐to‐tail linkages (86 and 85%, respectively) were synthesized in high yields by a facile oxidative polymerization with ferric chloride in chloroform at room temperature. We believe that the low concentration and ultraslow addition of monomers to ferric chloride contributed to the high regioregularity. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms indicated that the formed polymers consisted of crystalline, quasiordered, and disordered phases, which is a common feature of highly regioregular polymers. We prepared conductive fabrics with specific resistance of 30 and 100 Ω/sq by impregnating polyamide fabrics in a chloroform solution of P3DDT and P3DT, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2131–2135, 2004
Unidirectional hemp and flax EP‐ and PP‐composites: Influence of defined fiber treatments
Authors: Bledzki A. K. , Fink H.‐P. , Specht K.
Published: June 2004

In some technical areas, mainly in the automotive industry, glass fiber reinforced polymers are intended to be replaced by natural fiber reinforced polymer systems. Therefore, higher requirements will be imposed to the physical fiber properties, fiber‐matrix adhesion, and the quality assurance. To improve the properties of epoxy resins (EP) and polypropylene (PP) composites, flax and hemp fibers were modified by mercerization and MAH‐PP coupling agent was used for preparing the PP composites. The effects of different mercerization parameters such as concentration of alkali (NaOH), temperature, and duration time along with tensile stress applied to the fibers on the structure and properties of hemp fibers were studied and judged via the cellulose I–II lattice conversion. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the fibers can be controlled in a broad range by using appropriate mercerization parameters. Unidirectional EP composites were manufactured by the filament winding technique; at the PP matrix material, a combination with a film‐stacking technique was used. The influence of mercerization parameters on the properties of EP composites was studied with hemp yarn as an example. Different macromechanical effects are shown at hemp‐ and flax‐PP model composites with mercerized, MAH‐PP‐treated, or MAH‐PP‐treated mercerized yarns. The composites' properties were verified by tensile and flexural tests. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2150–2156, 2004
‘And what about residential…?’ Re‐conceptualizing residential treatment as a stop‐gap service for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders
Authors: McCurdy Barry L. , McIntyre E. K.
Published: June 2004

The need for residential services for youth with the most intractable emotional and behavioral problems continues to exist despite advances made in developing community‐based systems of care. Residential treatment centers (RTCs), considered one of the most restrictive service settings, have changed little over the years and have not fared well in outcome evaluations. Despite these factors, admissions to RTCs continue to increase. In an attempt to contemporize and bring the RTC more in line with current practice, a stop‐gap model of service delivery is recommended. The stop‐gap model, incorporating evidence‐based practices, is intended to have an immediate and positive impact on the barrier behaviors that keep youths in the most restrictive environments. The twofold goal of the stop‐gap model is to interrupt the youth's downward spiral imposed by increasingly disruptive behavior and, simultaneously, to prepare the post‐discharge environment for the youth's timely reintegration. Strategies for evaluating the effectiveness of the stop‐gap model are recommended. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separating the influences of escape and access to preferred activities on problem behavior occurring in instructional contexts
Authors: Fritz Jennifer N. , DeLeon Iser G. , Lazarchick William N.
Published: June 2004

Two individuals with developmental disabilities were observed to engage in destructive behavior when demands were presented, suggesting that the behaviors were maintained by negative reinforcement. Subsequent analyses revealed that (i) the behavior problems persisted when the participants were asked to cease a high‐probability, ongoing activity (walking) while demands were not presented and (ii) problem behaviors ceased when the participants were trained to request access to walking through appropriate means. These findings suggested that the presentation of demands, per se, was not the critical variable in maintaining destructive behavior. Rather, it appeared that restricting the participants from walking, which was only coincidentally necessary in the initiation of demands, set the occasion for the aberrant responses. Subsequent analyses were conducted with one participant to further strengthen this hypothesis. These findings are discussed in terms of the utility of seeking out idiosyncratic and individualized behavioral functions subsequent to initial assessments and their contribution to the growing body of literature regarding the complex interactions of destructive behavior and other naturally occurring high‐rate behaviors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mono and diterpene production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Reiling K. Kinkead , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Martin Vincent J.J. , Newman Jack , Bohlmann Jörg , Keasling Jay D.
Published: June 2004

Mono‐ and diterpenoids are of great industrial and medical value as specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Production of these compounds in microbial hosts, such as Escherichia coli, can be limited by intracellular levels of the polyprenyl diphosphate precursors, geranyl diphosphate (GPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). To alleviate this limitation, we constructed synthetic operons that express three key enzymes for biosynthesis of these precursors: (1) DXS,1‐deoxy‐d‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate synthase; (2) IPPHp, IPP isomerase from Haematococcus pluvialis; and (3) one of two variants of IspA, FPP synthase that produces either GPP or GGPP. The reporter plasmids pAC‐LYC and pACYC‐IB, which encode enzymes that convert either FPP or GGPP, respectively, to the pigment lycopene, were used to demonstrate that at full induction, the operon encoding the wild‐type FPP synthase and mutant GGPP synthase produced similar levels of lycopene. To synthesize di‐ or monoterpenes in E. coli using the GGPP and GPP encoding operons either a diterpene cyclase [casbene cyclase (Ricinus communis L) and ent‐kaurene cyclase (Phaeosphaeria sp. L487)] or a monoterpene cyclase [3‐carene cyclase (Picea abies)] was coexpressed with their respective precursor production operon. Analysis of culture extracts or headspace by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry confirmed the in vivo production of the diterpenes casbene, kaur‐15‐ene, and kaur‐16‐ene and the monoterpenes α‐pinene, myrcene, sabinene, 3‐carene, α‐terpinene, limonene, β‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, and terpinolene. Construction and functional expression of GGPP and GPP operons provides an in vivo precursor platform host for the future engineering of di‐ and monoterpene cyclases and the overproduction of terpenes in bacteria. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic studies on the aggregation of Aspergillus niger conidia
Authors: Grimm L.H. , Kelly S. , Hengstler J. , Göbel A. , Krull R. , Hempel D.C.
Published: June 2004

Morphology has a crucial effect on productivity and the supply of substrate for cultures of filamentous fungi. However, cultivation parameters leading to the desired morphology are often chosen empirically as the mechanisms governing the processes involved are usually unknown. For coagulating microorganisms like Aspergillus niger the morphological development is considered to start with the aggregation of conidia right after inoculation. To elucidate the mechanism of this process, kinetic studies were carried out using an in‐line particle size analyzer. Based on the data obtained from these experiments a model for conidial aggregation is proposed in this article. It consists of two separate aggregation steps. The first one takes place immediately after inoculation, but only leads to a small decrease of total particle concentration. Most suspended conidia aggregate after a second aggregation step triggered by germination and hyphal growth. Aggregation velocity of this second phase is linearly dependent on the particle growth rate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enabling multienzyme biocatalysis using nanoporous materials
Authors: El‐Zahab Bilal , Jia Hongfei , Wang Ping
Published: June 2004

Multistep reactions catalyzed by a covalently immobilized enzyme‐cofactor‐enzyme system were achieved. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and cofactor NADH were incorporated into two porous silica glass supports. One of the glass supports had pores of 30 nm in diameter, while the other was of 100‐nm pore size. Effective shuttling of the covalently bound NADH between LDH and GDH was achieved, such that regeneration cycles of NADH/NAD+ were observed. The glass of 30‐nm pore size afforded enzyme activities that were about twice those observed for the glass of 100‐nm pore size, indicating the former provided better enzyme‐cofactor integration. The effect of the size of spacers was also examined. The use of longer spacers increased the reaction rates by ≈ 18 times as compared to those achieved with glutaraldehyde linkage. It appeared that the concave configuration of the nanopores played an important role in enabling the multistep reactions. The same multienzyme system immobilized on nonporous polystyrene particles of 500‐nm diameter was only ≈ 2% active as the glass‐supported system. It is believed that the nanoporous structure of the glass supports enhances the molecular interactions among the immobilized enzymes and cofactor, thus improving the catalytic efficiency of the system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Registered nurses' communication about abused children: rules, responsibilities and resistance
Authors: Nayda Robyn
Published: June 2004

This paper provides an ethnomethodological perspective on registered nurses' communication about abused children. During the study, data were gathered in four ways. Nine hundred and ﬁfty South Australian hospital records of children were examined for nurses' documentation related to child abuse. Eleven paediatric department and emergency department registered nurses then responded to vignettes of suspected child abuse and were subsequently interviewed. Researcher journal entries about contextual issues served as the fourth stage of data collection. Data were analysed using Garﬁnkel's documentary method of interpretation. The ﬁndings included: nurses' use of codes of communication; denial and acts of resistance; and systematic malpractice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood and adult sexual abuse: relationships with alcohol and other psychoactive drug use
Authors: Plant Moira , Miller Patrick , Plant Martin
Published: June 2004

Questions concerning sexual abuse before and after the age of 16 years were included in a general population survey of a representative sample of 1052 UK women and 975 UK men. A total of 12.5% of women reported experiencing some form of sexual abuse before the age of 16 years. The corresponding ﬁgures for men in this category were 11.7%. After the age of 16, the ﬁgure for women remained at this level. However, the proportion of men reporting these traumatic experiences dropped to 3.2%. Sexual abuse both pre and post age 16 was associated with being single or cohabiting, with higher levels of cigarette‐smoking, alcohol consumption, experience of alcohol‐related problems and use of illicit drugs. The relationship between drinking and other forms of psychoactive drug use and sexual abuse is complex. Some possible explanations for this connection and its therapeutic and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Serotonin in Protein and Membrane Mimetic Environments: A Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Sengupta Bidisa , Chaudhuri Sudip , Banerjee Anwesha , Sengupta Pradeep K.
Published: June 2004

As a first step toward using the photophysical properties of serotonin to probe its interactions with biological target sites, we have examined its interactions with human serum albumin (HSA), chosen as a surrogate for the actual receptor proteins in physiological systems, and with sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/heptane/water reverse micelles, chosen as a biomembrane mimetic environment for the transmembrane portion of the receptor protein. Although the emission maximum of serotonin is relatively insensitive to the polarity of the local environment, which is attributed to lack of solvent dipolar reorientation of the 5‐hydroxyindole chromophore, the fluorescence anisotropy (r) served as a useful and sensitive parameter from which the binding constants (K) and Gibbs energy changes (ΔG) were estimated for serotoninHSA and serotonin AOT reverse micellar interactions. Fluorescence‐decay studies of serotonin show double‐exponential kinetics in homogeneous aqueous solvent due to the structural heterogeneity arising from different rotamers of serotonin. In contrast, upon binding to HSA, a single‐exponential fluorescence‐decay profile was observed indicating the occurrence of a single structural species of serotonin in the protein environment. Furthermore, far‐UV‐circular‐dichroism (CD) spectroscopic data indicate that the secondary structural features of HSA remain essentially intact after binding to serotonin. This preliminary research can be expected to open the door to extensive future studies on interactions of serotonin with relevant target proteins and associated cell membranes involved in its diverse physiological functions.
Microwave‐Induced Enzyme‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Organic Azides
Authors: Mazumder Sharbani , Laskar Dhrubojyoti D. , Prajapati Dipak , Roy Manoj K.
Published: June 2004

A lipase enzyme, suspended in organic media along with organic azides and irradiated under microwaves, enhances the reaction rate over thermal heating and affords the corresponding amines in high yields. The present biocatalytic method employing lipase is a significant development with remarkable regio‐ and chemoselectivity under microwave irradiation in organic media with excellent yields for the reduction of azide functionality.
Synthesis of OligonucleotidePeptide Conjugates Carrying the c‐myc Peptide Epitope as Recognition System
Authors: Frieden Miriam , Aviñó Anna , Tarrasón Gema , Escorihuela Marta , Piulats Jaume , Eritja Ramon
Published: June 2004

Oligonucleotidepeptide conjugates 1–3 were prepared by sequential addition of the appropriate Boc‐protected amino acids, followed by nucleoside phosphoramidites in the same support. These molecules are designed to be used for triplex formation and for the directed assembly of nanomaterials. The structures of the desired oligonucleotidepeptide conjugates were confirmed by mass spectrometry on small oligonucleotidepeptide conjugates, by gel electrophoresis, and by hybridization with complementary oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides carrying the c‐myc peptide were specifically recognized by the anti‐c‐myc monoclonal antibody.
Self‐Assembly of Small Peptidomimetic Cyclophanes
Authors: Becerril Jorge , Burguete M. Isabel , Escuder Beatriu , Galindo Francisco , Gavara Raquel , Miravet Juan F. , Luis Santiago V. , Peris Gabriel
Published: June 2004

The self‐assembly of a series of small peptidomimetic cyclophanes in organic solvents was studied. X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and molecular modelling were used to understand the structural features of these self‐assembling compounds both at the molecular and supramolecular level. The factors that could influence the formation of gels rather than crystals were studied and a model for the arrangement of molecules in the gel was proposed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that in some cases these compounds undergo a transcription of chirality when going from organogelator to helicoidal gel fibres.
Determination of the Structure of UFe2Al10 Compound.
Authors: Meshi L. , Talianker M. , Munitz A.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polymorphism and Electrical Properties in the New Oxide Bi6Mo2O15.
Authors: Vila E. , Rojo J. M. , Iglesias J. E. , Castro A.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Two Forms of a New Tellurium—Silicon Clathrate Related to the Classical Type I.
Authors: Jaussaud N. , Toulemonde P. , Pouchard M. , San Miguel A. , Gravereau P. , Pechev S. , Goglio G. , Cros C.
Published: June 2004

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Structural, Magnetic, and Transport Properties of (La1+xSr1‐x)CoRuO6 Double Perovskites.
Authors: Bos Jan‐Willem G. , Attfield J. Paul
Published: June 2004

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Neutron Diffraction Study of the Antiferromagnetic Oxyhalides Sr3Fe2O5Cl2, Sr3Fe2O5Br2 and Sr3FeCoO5Cl2.
Authors: Knee Christopher S. , Field Marianne A. L. , Weller Mark T.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Organically Templated Open‐Framework Metal Selenate with a Three‐Dimensional Architecture.
Authors: Behera J. N. , Ayi A. A. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a New Layered Compound Li2VGeO5.
Authors: Emirdag‐Eanes Mehtap , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: June 2004

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Porous Single‐Crystalline TaON and Ta3N5 Particles.
Authors: Lu Daling , Hitoki Go , Katou Emi , Kondo Junko N. , Hara Michikazu , Domen Kazunari
Published: June 2004

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Novel, Oxygen‐Deficient n = 3 RP‐Member Sr3NdFe3O9‐δ and Its Topotactic Derivatives.
Authors: Pelloquin D. , Hadermann J. , Giot M. , Caignaert V. , Michel C. , Hervieu M. , Raveau B.
Published: June 2004

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[Co(NH3)6]3 [Cu4(OH)(CO3)8]×2H2O — A New Carbonato‐Copper(II) Anion Stabilized by Extensive Hydrogen Bonding.
Authors: Abrahams Brendan F. , Haywood Marissa G. , Robson Richard
Published: June 2004

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Asymmetric Ring Cleavage Reaction with a Combination of Optically Active Cycloalkane‐1,2‐diol and Lewis Acid: Application to Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Alloyohimbane and Approach to Construction of Adjacent Chiral Quaternary Centers.
Authors: Tanaka Masakazu , Toyofuku Eiji , Demizu Yosuke , Yoshida Osamu , Nakazawa Koichi , Sakai Kiyoshi , Suemune Hiroshi
Published: June 2004

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Double Stereoselection in the Hydrogenation over Cationic Rh(I) Complexes with Two Different Chiral Ligands.
Authors: Nindakova L. O. , Shainyan B. A. , Albanov A. I. , Shmidt F. K.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and SAR of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles, Benzothiazoles and Benzimidazoles as Inhibitors of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase‐β.
Authors: Gong Baoqing , Hong Feng , Kohm Cory , Bonham Lynn , Klein Peter
Published: June 2004

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Highly Efficient Regioselective Ring Opening of Aziridines to β‐Haloamines in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Krishnaveni N. Srilakshmi , Surenda K. , Narender M. , Nageswar Y. V. D. , Rao K. Rama
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Oxidation of Cycloalkanes over Iron‐Substituted Hexagonal Mesoporous Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves.
Authors: Mohapatra Susanta K. , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: June 2004

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Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexene by Molecular Oxygen over Isopolyoxometalates.
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Murata Kazuhisa , Inaba Megumu , Nakajima Hitoshi , Koya Masahiko , Tomokuni Keizou
Published: June 2004

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Acyl Iodides in Organic Synthesis. Part 4. Reaction of Acetyl Iodide with Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Belousova L. I. , Trukhina A. A. , Vlasova N. N.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Di‐ and Trinuclear Palladium Complexes with PCP‐Pincer Ligands.
Authors: Beletskaya I. P. , Chuchuryukin A. V. , van Koten G. , Dijkstra H. P. , van Klink G. P. M. , Kashin A. N. , Nefedov S. E. , Eremenko I. L.
Published: June 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed [3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of (Allyloxy)iminodiazaphospholidines: Allylic Transposition of C—O and C—N Functionality.
Authors: Lee Ernest E. , Batey Robert A.
Published: June 2004

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Tandem Reactions Catalyzed by Lanthanide Iodides. Part 2. Tandem Iminoaldol—Enolization Reactions.
Authors: Gil Richard , Eternot Marion , Guillerez Marie‐George , Collin Jacqueline
Published: June 2004

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Investigation of Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐1,6‐ and 1‐Methyl‐1,7‐enynes (exo‐Olefins) and 1‐Phenyl‐1‐octen‐7‐yne (endo‐Olefin).
Authors: Ishizaki Miyuki , Satoh Hiroshi , Hoshino Osamu , Nishitani Kiyoshi , Hara Hiroshi
Published: June 2004

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Diene Condensation of Cyclopentadiene with Dienophiles of Allylacetylene Series.
Authors: Veliev M. G. , Chalabieva A. Z. , Shatirova M. I. , Akperova E. G.
Published: June 2004

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Electrophile‐Initiated Lactonization of 7‐Phenyltricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]heptane‐1‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Razin V. V. , Zolotarev R. N.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Stereochemistry of exo‐4‐Aminomethyltetracyclo [6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodec‐9‐ene.
Authors: Kas'yan A. O. , Golodaeva E. A. , Yuzlenko O. V. , Shishkina S. V. , Shishkin O. V. , Kas'yan L. I.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[bmim]PF6/CuBr: A Novel and Recyclable Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Propargyl Amines.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. Subba , Naveenkumar Veerjala , Rao Ramisetti Srinivasa , Nagaiah Kommu
Published: June 2004

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O‐Polyfluoroalkylation of Phenol with Polyfluoroalkyl Chlorosulfites.
Authors: Rakhimov A. I. , Nalesnaya A. V. , Vostrikova O. V.
Published: June 2004

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One Step Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial 2‐Hydroxy Diaryl Ethers Through Domestic Microwave Heating.
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kapoor Mili , Surolia Namita , Surolia Avadhesha
Published: June 2004

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Arylsulfonylaziridines and Arylsulfonylaminoethenes from N‐(1‐Aryl‐2,2‐dichloro‐2‐phenylethyl)arenesulfonamides.
Authors: Rozentsveig G. N. , Rozentsveig I. B. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Albanov A. I. , Mirskova A. N.
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Rationally Designed Universal Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Processes.
Authors: Walker Shawn D. , Barder Timothy E. , Martinelli Joseph R. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: June 2004

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Formylation of Anthrone with a Complex Thionyl Chloride‐Dimethylformamide.
Authors: Loskutov V. A.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Substituted 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenoic Acids.
Authors: Rubtsov A. E. , Zalesov V. V.
Published: June 2004

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Reactions of 2‐(2‐Furyl)‐1,3‐dioxacycloalkanes with Triethylsilane.
Authors: Chanysheva K. V. , Tokunova E. F. , Khusainov M. A. , Khlebnikova T. D. , Shakirova F. M. , Grishin S. A. , Kantor E. A.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Naphtho[2,1‐b]furanylium Cation and Its Reaction with Alcohols and Trialkyl Phosphites.
Authors: Yavari I. , Anary‐Abbasinejad M. , Hossaini Z.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of 2‐(3,3‐Dicyano‐2‐propenylidene)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyldioxolane and Its Reactions with Hydrazine and Primary Amines.
Authors: Chuprakov S. N. , Tyurin R. V. , Minyaeva L. G. , Mezheritskaya L. V. , Mezheritskii V. V.
Published: June 2004

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4‐Functionally Substituted 3‐Heterylpyrazoles. Part 7. 4‐Chlorothieno[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐5‐carbonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Bratenko M. K. , Chornous V. A. , Vovk M. V.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of 4,5‐Dicyanoimidazoles.
Authors: Bukowska M. , Prejzner J. , Szczecinski P.
Published: June 2004

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Oxidation of cis‐ and trans‐3,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐3,5‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolanes: Isolation and Properties of the 1‐Oxides and the 1,2‐Dioxides.
Authors: Oshida Hideaki , Ishii Akihiko , Nakayama Juzo
Published: June 2004

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Reactions of Zinc Enolates Derived from 1‐Aryl‐2,2‐dibromoalkanones with 3‐Acetyl‐6‐bromochromen‐2‐one.
Authors: Shchepin V. V. , Russkikh N. Yu. , Kalyuzhnyi M. M. , Shchepin R. V. , Vakhrin M. I.
Published: June 2004

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Aminomethylpyrimidines as Novel DPP‐IV Inhibitors: A 105‐Fold Activity Increase by Optimization of Aromatic Substituents.
Authors: Peters Jens‐Uwe , Weber Silja , Kritter Stephane , Weiss Peter , Wallier Angelina , Boehringer Markus , Hennig Michael , Kuhn Bernd , Loeffler Bernd‐Michael
Published: June 2004

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Heterocyclizations of Functionalized Heterocumulenes with C,N‐ and C,O‐Dinucleophiles. Part 2. Reaction of 1‐Chloro‐ and 1,1‐Dichloroalkyl Isocyanates and 1‐Chloroalkylidenecarbamates with 2‐Benzothiazolylacetonitrile, 2‐Benzothiazolylacetates, and Bis(2‐benzothiazolyl)methane.
Authors: Vovk M. V. , Lebed P. S. , Sukach V. A. , Kornilov M. Yu.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of 1‐(2‐Chloro‐2‐phenylethyl)‐6‐methylthio‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines 4‐Amino‐Substituted and Their Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Schenone Silvia , et al. et al.
Published: June 2004

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A Facile Tandem Construction of C—O and C—C Bonds: A Novel One‐Pot Transformation of Baylis—Hillman Adducts into 2‐Benzoxepins.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Sharada Duddu S. , Veerendhar Ainelly
Published: June 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of anti‐γ‐N‐Benzylamino‐β‐hydroxyphosphonates.
Authors: Ordonez Mario , de la Cruz‐Cordero Ricardo , Quinones Citlali , Gonzalez‐Morales Angelina
Published: June 2004

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Sn‐β Zeolite as Diastereoselective Water‐Resistant Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalyst for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation in the Intramolecular Carbonyl—Ene Reaction.
Authors: Corma Avelino , Renz Michael
Published: June 2004

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L‐Homoserylaminoethanol, a Novel Dipeptide Alcohol Inhibitor of Eukaryotic DNA Polymerase ε from a Plant Cultured Cells, Nicotina tabacum L.
Authors: Kuriyama Isoko , Asano Naoki , Kato Ikuo , Oshige Masahiko , Sugino Akio , Kadota Yasuhiro , Kuchitsu Kazuyuki , Yoshida Hiromi , Sakaguchi Kengo , Mizushina Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2004

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A Direct Synthesis of 3,5‐Dibromo‐O‐methyl‐L‐tyrosine.
Authors: Stewart Jeremy , Katsuyama Isamu , Fahmy Hesham , Fronczek Frank R. , Zjawiony Jordan K.
Published: June 2004

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Small Libraries of Fused Quinazolinone‐Sugars. Access to Quinazolinedione Nucleosides.
Authors: Girniene Jolanta , Apremont Guillaume , Tatibouet Arnaud , Sackus Algirdas , Rollin Patrick
Published: June 2004

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First Regioselective Enzymatic Alkoxycarbonylation of Primary Amines. Synthesis of Novel 5′‐ and 3′‐Carbamates of Pyrimidine 3′,5′‐Diaminonucleoside Derivatives Including BVDU Analogues.
Authors: Lavandera Ivan , Fernandez Susana , Ferrero Miguel , Gotor Vicente
Published: June 2004

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Heterocyclic Analogues of Prostaglandins. Part 1. Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl(aralkyl)‐2,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐ones as Synthons for 11‐Deoxy‐10‐oxaprostanoids.
Authors: Pashkovskii F. S. , Katok Ya. M. , Khlebnikova T. S. , Koroleva E. V. , Lakhvich F. A.
Published: June 2004

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A Chain‐Structure Nanotube: Growth and Characterization of Single‐Crystal Sb2S3 Nanotubes via a Chemical Vapor Transport Reaction.
Authors: Yang Jian , Liu Yao‐Chung , Lin Hung‐Min , Chen Chia‐Chun
Published: June 2004

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Reciprocal Donor Acceptor Selectivity (RDAS) and Paulsen′s Concept of “Match” in Saccharide Coupling
Authors: Fraser‐Reid Bert , Lopez J. Cristobal , Gomez Ana M. , Uriel Clara
Published: June 2004

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Rotaxanes and Catenanes Built Around Octahedral Transition Metals
Authors: Chambron Jean‐Claude , Collin Jean‐Paul , Heitz Valerie , Jouvenot Damien , Kern Jean‐Marc , Mobian Pierre , Pomeranc Didier , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2004

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Non‐Rusty [2]Catenanes with Huge Rings and Their Polymers
Authors: Godt Adelheid
Published: June 2004

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Superstructured Porphyrins as Effectors in Dynamic Supramolecular Assemblies: Receptors, Rotaxanes and Catenanes
Authors: Gunter Maxwell J.
Published: June 2004

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Chemistry of Thiacalixarenes
Authors: Lhotak Pavel
Published: June 2004

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Functional Porous Coordination Polymers
Authors: Kitagawa Susumu , Kitaura Ryo , Noro Shin‐ichiro
Published: June 2004

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Sugar Acids and Lactones
Authors: Ferrier R. J.
Published: June 2004

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Miscellaneous Nitrogen‐Containing Derivatives
Authors: Ferrier R. J.
Published: June 2004

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Supramolecular Compounds of Cyclodextrins with [60]Fullerene
Authors: Murthy Chivikula N. , Geckeler Kurt E.
Published: June 2004

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Heterocyclic Enamines. The Versatile Intermediates in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds and Natural Products
Authors: Cheng Ying , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: June 2004

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Carboranyl Triflates as Carboranylmethylating Agents
Authors: Rys E. G. , Hey‐Hawkins E. , Sung D. D. , Starikova Z. A. , Korlyukov A. A. , Kalinin V. N.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Boronated Folates for BNCT
Authors: Shukla S. , Sudimack J. , Adams D. , Wu G. , Yang W. , Sekido M. , Chatterjee M. , Lee R. , Barth R. F. , Tjarks W.
Published: June 2004

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O‐Carboranyl Derivatives of 1,3,5‐Triazines
Authors: Lim Hong‐Gyu , Lee Jong‐Dae , Lee Young‐Joo , Lee Chai‐Ho , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Lee Seung‐Hoon , Lee Chang‐Hoon , Jun Byungjin , Ko Jaejung , Kang Sang‐Ook
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis and Coordination Properties of Carbaboranylphosphines
Authors: Maulana I. , Sterzik A. , Loennecke P. , Blaurock S. , Rys E. , Hey‐Hawkins E.
Published: June 2004

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Fascinating Aspects of Tunneling Reactions in Organic Substances
Authors: Miyazaki Tetsuo
Published: June 2004

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Chemical Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zou Gang , Jiang Huan‐Feng , Chen Ming‐Cai
Published: June 2004

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Directly Linked and Fused Oligoporphyrin Arrays
Authors: Tsuda Akihiko , Yoshida Naoya , Nakano Aiko , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: June 2004

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Methods for the Synthesis of Heavy Atom Derivatized Amino Acids: Useful Probes for X‐Ray Crystallography, Vibrational, and NMR Spectroscopy of Proteins
Authors: Hatch Duane M. , Boles Jeffrey O. , Li Zizhong , Silks L. A.
Published: June 2004

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Synthesis of Heterocycles from Allenes by Intramolecular Ring Closure
Authors: Hatem Jacques
Published: June 2004

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Nanolithography and Nanochemistry: Probe‐Related Patterning Techniques and Chemical Modification for Nanometer‐Sized Devices
Authors: Wouters Daan , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: June 2004

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Determination of Chemical Kinetic Properties of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Katsanos Nicholas A.
Published: June 2004

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Solvent Extraction Kinetics
Authors: Danesi Pier Roberto
Published: June 2004

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Phase Behavior and Conformation Characteristics of Polypeptide Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lin Jiaping
Published: June 2004

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Solid State Gas Sensors: State of the Art and Future Activities
Authors: Capone S. , Forleo A. , Francioso L. , Rella R. , Siciliano P. , Spadavecchia J. , Presicce D. S. , Taurino A. M.
Published: June 2004

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The First Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation Challenge
Authors: Case Fiona , Chaka Anne , Friend Daniel G. , Frurip David , Golab Joseph , Johnson Russell , Moore Jonathan , Mountain Raymond D. , Olson James , Schiller Martin , et al. et al.
Published: June 2004

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Fundamental Aspects of Catalysis on Supported Metal Clusters
Authors: Heiz U. , Bullock E. L.
Published: June 2004

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Enclosed Chiral Environments from Self‐Assembled Metal‐Organic Polyhedra
Authors: Hamilton Tamara D. , MacGillivray Leonard R.
Published: June 2004

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State‐level associations: An emerging trend in community mediation
Authors: Nowell Branda L. , Salem Deborah
Published: June 2004

State‐level mediation associations (SMAs) in more than twenty states may play an important role in the further development of community mediation by addressing many of the prevailing needs in the field regarding networking, access to resources, and quality control. This chapter is a qualitative exploration into the function and range of activities of SMAs and factors facilitating or challenging their development.
Mediation styles: Subjective description of mediators
Authors: Wood John
Published: June 2004

Some mediation scholars argue that mediator effectiveness is a direct function of matching the mediator to a specific mediation case, in terms of aligning the neutral's skill and experience to the dynamics of the case in question. This study uses Q methodology and reveals four styles of mediators: the counselor, the negotiator, the facilitator, and the democrat.
Conflict and education: Some personal reflections
Authors: Sandole Dennis J. D.
Published: June 2004

This article deals with the relationship between conflict and education. The author examines that linkage in both causal directions. A particular paradigm dominant in educational and policy systems, Realpolitik, tends to be reinforced by conflict; an alternative paradigm, Idealpolitik, tends to facilitate and strengthen development of a peace and conflict studies culture.
Development of functional synergies for speech motor coordination in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Smith Anne , Zelaznik Howard N.
Published: June 2004

Adults produce rapid, interleaved sequences of speech sounds by controlling the relative motions in time and space of the oral articulators. The control and coordination of these effectors appear to be automatic, effortless, and usually error free. If speech production is viewed within the framework of classical motor control theories, we can infer that adults have organized functional synergies (consistent patterns of activation of muscle collectives) that act as stable subunits. In this study, the development of these stable functional synergies is examined. Motion of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw was recorded during sentence production in 180 children and adults (aged 4–22 years). Two indices of oral motor coordination were computed, which reflect the degree of trial‐to‐trial consistency in intereffector relationships and thus the stability of the underlying functional synergies. Major findings are: (a) The time course of development for speech motor coordination is protracted, (b) speech motor control processes are not adultlike until after age 14 years for both females and males, (c) boys (until age 5 years) show a slower maturational course of speech motor development, and (d) late childhood (the 7‐ to 12‐year period) is characterized by a plateau in the development of these coordinative synergies for speech production. We posit that multiple factors are likely to contribute to the protracted development of oral motor coordination for speech, including maturation of components of the motor system itself and maturation of the brain subsystems for language processing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45: 22–33, 2004.
Longitudinal relations between child vagal tone and parenting behavior: 2 to 4 years
Authors: Kennedy Amy E. , Rubin Kenneth H. , D. Hastings Paul , Maisel Beth
Published: June 2004

The longitudinal relations between physiological markers of child emotion regulation and maternal parenting practices were examined from 2 to 4 years of age. At Time 1, cardiac vagal tone was assessed for one hundred four 2‐year‐olds (54 females); their mothers completed an assessment of parenting styles. Two years later, at Time 2, 84 of the original participants were reassessed on measures of cardiac vagal tone and parenting style. Results indicated both baseline cardiac vagal tone and maternal parenting practices to be stable from 2 to 4 years of age. Children's cardiac vagal tone predicted specific parenting practices from the toddler to preschool years. Further, child cardiac vagal tone moderated maternal restrictive‐parenting practices from 2 to 4 years of age; mothers of children who were highly or moderately physiologically dysregulated were more likely to report restrictive parenting practices at both 2 and 4 years of age. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45: 10–21, 2004.
Synthesis of a Dinuclear Ruthenabicyclic Complex and Its Ligand‐Substitution Reactions
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Miyabe Yumiko , Itoh Kenji
Published: June 2004

A trinuclear carbonylruthenium complex, [Ru3(CO)12], was treated with diynes bearing ester, phenyl, or trimethylsilyl groups on the alkyne termini to give rise to various complexes. A diyne diester afforded a dinuclear ruthenacycle complex similar to known iron ferrole complexes and a mononuclear ruthenacyclopentadiene complex. The selectivity for the formation of these products varied depending on the ratio of the diyne diester toward [Ru3(CO)12]. When a phenyl‐substituted diyne was employed, a cyclopentadienone complex was formed together with the expected dinuclear ruthenacycle complex. In contrast, a bis(trimethylsilyl)diyne gave the corresponding cyclopentadienone complex as the only product. Treatment of the obtained ruthenabicycle complex with trimethylamine oxide (Me3NO) gave a mono(trimethylamine) complex, which was further converted into various phosphane complexes upon reaction with phosphanes in refluxing THF. The corresponding monophosphane complexes were obtained for all monodentate or bidentate phosphanes except for bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane, which afforded a bridging bis(phosphane) complex. In contrast, when an isolated monodentate phosphane complex of 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane and diphenyl(2‐pyridyl)phosphane was treated with Me3NO, P‐P or P‐N chelate complexes were formed, respectively. The dinuclear mono(amine)ruthenacycle complex also reacted with dimethyl butynedioate (dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, DMAD) in refluxing THF to afford a novel μ‐η2‐alkyne complex together with the [2+2+2] cycloadduct between the diyne and DMAD. The highly electron‐deficient character of DMAD is imperative for the formation of the μ‐alkyne complex. Methyl propiolate and diphenylacetylene gave no corresponding μ‐alkyne complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The Thermal Decomposition of S2O Forming SO2, S3, S4 and S5O − An ab initio MO Study
Authors: Steudel Ralf , Steudel Yana
Published: June 2004

All chemically reasonable [2+2] and [2+3] dipolar addition reactions between two S2O molecules forming heterocyclic intermediates of composition S4O2, as well as the decomposition of these species to generate the observed products S3 and SO2, have been studied by gas‐phase ab initio MO calculations at the G3X(MP2) level of theory. The reaction enthalpies, Gibbs energies and, partly, activation enthalpies of 17 reactions have been calculated. The [2+2] cycloadditions of S2O are all endothermic and are characterized by high barriers. The reaction of lowest activation enthalpy (ΔH#298 = 11 kJ·mol−1) is the exothermic [2+3] cycloaddition of two S2O molecules resulting in the five‐membered heterocycle oxatetrathiolane 2‐oxide S4O2 (7), which is predicted to decompose at 298 K exothermally and without any activation enthalpy to SO2 plus S3. The S3 molecule is predicted to add exothermally to S2O to give the five‐membered homocycle S5O which has, in fact, been prepared in this way before. The bimolecular decomposition of S5O to SO2, S4 and S5 is also exothermic and may explain the formation of the red S4 molecule on condensation of S2O at temperatures below −130 °C. The implications of these results for the understanding of the chemistry on Jupiter’s moon Io are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
7‐Halogenated 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyxanthine 2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides
Authors: Seela Frank , Shaikh Khalil
Published: June 2004

The synthesis of the 7‐halogenated derivatives 1b (7‐bromo) and 1c (7‐iodo) of 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyxanthosine (1a) is described. A partial Br→I exchange was observed when the demethylation of 6‐methoxy precursor compound 4b was performed with Me3SiCl/NaI. This reaction is circumvented by the nucleophilic displacement of the MeO group under strong alkaline conditions. The halogenated 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyxanthosine derivatives 1b,c show a decreased S‐conformer population of the sugar moiety compared to the nonhalogenated 1a. They are expected to form stronger triplexes when they replace 1a in the 1⋅dA⋅dT base triplet.