bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualität dynamischer Satellitenortung im Eisenbahnverkehr
Authors: Schnieder Eckehard
Published: March 2012

Die hohen Ansprüche an die Sicherheit bei Eisenbahnen erfordern bei der Anwendung satellitengestützter Ortung die Qualifikation ihrer zuverlässigkeits- und messtechnischen Eigenschaften. Deren luft- und raumfahrtspezifischen Anforderungen verwenden jedoch andere Begriffe als das Eisenbahnwesen. Durch deren Einordnung in ein formalisiertes Terminologiekonzept lassen sich die spezifischen Merkmale und Größen jedoch überführen, sodass die metrologische und zuverlässigkeitstechnische Qualität terminologisch definiert und empirisch bestimmt werden kann.
Minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: Bjelovic Milos , Sabljak Predrag , Spica Bratislav , Keramatollah Ebrahimi , Gunjic Dragan , Sljukic Vladimir , Djurasic Ljubomir , Vujacic Marko , Pesko Predrag
Published: March 2012

Unlike benign pathology, progress of laparoscopy in performing cancer surgery
has been slow because of fear of safety and oncological adequacy. However,
the initial fear has been replaced by optimism as the results from a numerous
studies have shown equivalent if not superior results to open surgery.
Laparoscopic gastrectomy is safe and oncologic adequate, but time consuming
and technically demanding procedure. Laparoscopic surgery has gained wide
acceptance in the treatment of early gastric cancer, especially of the distal
stomach. The use of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of advanced
gastric cancer remains controversial. Another open question that need
complete evaluation is cost-effectiveness analysis of minimally invasive and
open approach.
Surgical treatment of the aseptic femoral shaft nonunion
Authors: Milenkovic Sasa , Mitkovic Milorad , Stanojlovic Milos , Micic Ivan , Radenkovic Mile , Mladenovic Desimir , Stojiljkovic Predrag
Published: March 2012

Femoral shaft nonunions is difficult complication and a big challenge for the
orthopaedic surgeons. These complications occur after open femoral fractures,
comminuted fractures, segmental fractures, the infection, after the
inadequate fixed osteosynthesis, the systemic disease, and smokers. The paper
presents the results of treatment aseptic femoral shaft nonunion in 18
patients. They were primarily operated by the method of internal compresive
plate fixation and external fixation (open fractures). For fixation we used
dinamic internal fixator by Mitkovic. All nonunions treated by this method
are healed. In patients with atrophic femoral shaft nonunions in addition to
fixation was performed and bone grafting. This implant has proved successful
in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion. During the fixation no periostal
and intramedullary vascularization damage, which is an important prerequisite
for bone healing. Implant enables biological and mechanical conditions for
nonunion healing.
Gastroduodenal lymphoma
Authors: Jovovic Momcilo , Mirovic Ranko , Bajic Predrag , Dobricanin Vladimir , Nenezic Tanja
Published: March 2012

Gestroduodenal lymphoma are very rare and with small number of written
scientific papers published. They can be found within chronic gastritis as
mucose associated lymphoid tissue - MALT. MALT lesions are associated with
Helicobacter Pylori infections. Misadraji first described case of primary
duodenal lymphoma folikularnog in 1995. Since then, several studies suggested
that MALT lymphoma is viewed as a separate clinical - pathological entity due
to its localization, the nature of the disease and good prognosis. In this
case report, authors presented duodenal MALT lymphoma in 70 year old patient
in which was preoperatively diagnosed duodenal cancer. Cephalic
duodenopancreatictomy was performed and pathohystological examination was
conducted. Results was MALT lymphoma. In establishing the final diagnosis of
duodenal MALT lymphoma should be used histochemical and immunostaining
analysis.
Das Problem der Ethnogenese im antiken Griechenland
Authors: Welwei Karl-Wilhelm
Published: March 2012

Sprachwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen lassen darauf schlie?en,
dass die historischen Dialekte der alten Hellenen erst auf griechischem Boden
um und nach 1000 v. Chr. entstanden sind. Bei den fr?hen Zuwanderern kann es
sich nur um kleinere Verb?nde gehandelt haben, so da? zweifelllos keine
gro?en ?St?mme? nach Griechenland vorgedrungen sind, wie man in der ?lteren
Forschung angenommen hat. In Griechenland haben die Zuwanderer die Suffixe
-ss und -nth oder -nd nicht erst kennengelernt, sondern zumindest zum Teil
schon mitgebracht und vermutlich im 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. die allm?hliche
Entwicklung des sp?teren Griechischen eingeleitet. Impulse f?r die
Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur gingen um 1700 v. Chr. von Kreta aus und
beeinflussten in starkem Ma?e die mykenische Zeit mit ihren Palastsystemen,
deren Zusammenbruch um 1200 v. Chr. aber nicht schon zum Ende der mykenischen
Kultur f?hrte, wenn auch die Linear B-Schrift nicht mehr benutzt wurde und
die Infrastrukturen der Machtzentren zusammenbrachen. Dies war zugleich die
Voraussetzung f?r die Bildung kleinerer Siedlungen mit neuen F?hrungssystemen
und Sozialstrukturen sowie mit einem jeweils eigenen Identit?tsbewu?tsein.
Les buts de guerre alliés et leur soutien aux nationalités opprimées novembre 1917 - mai 1918
Authors: Pavlovic Vojislav
Published: March 2012

La d?faite italienne ? Caporetto et la r?volution bolchevique ont
oblig?s les Alli?s ? modifier leurs buts de guerre, voire de tenter
d?affaiblir le camp adverse par une paix s?par?e avec l?Autriche-Hongrie. Les
Alli?es anglo-saxons notamment voulaient ainsi pr?venir la prolongation de la
guerre, mais les diff?rents pourparlers avec les repr?sentants de la Double
Monarchie n?ont pas aboutis car les Alli?s voulaient une paix s?par?e et
l?empereur Charles une paix g?n?rale. La France ?tait r?solument contre toute
solution autre celle qui se soldera par une d?faite de l?Allemagne et le
retour de l?Alsace-Loraine au sein de la R?publique. C?est pourquoi le
gouvernement Clemenceau voulait affaiblir le camp adverse en y provoquant des
troubles int?rieures en apportant le soutien alli? aux nationalit?s vivant
dans l?Autriche-Hongrie. Les revendications nationales des Tch?coslovaques,
des Polonais, et jusqu?au certain point, m?me des Yougoslaves ont ?t? ?
partir du mai 1918 officiellement reconnues.
Serbian landowners in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia the case of Bogdan Dundjerski
Authors: Dimitrijevic Vesna
Published: March 2012

Originally from Herzegovina, the Dundjerski family moved to south Hungary,
present-day Serbia?s province of Vojvodina, in the seventeenth century. From
the 1820s the family?s progress was marked by the enlargement of their landed
property. In the early twentieth century the family owned or rented about
26,473 ha of land in Vojvodina. Bogdan Dundjerski (1860-1943), the third
generation landowner, was brought up in a mixture of different traditions
including the ethic of Serb highlanders of Herzegovina, central-European
middle classes and Hungarian nobility. A wealthy landowner, Serb patriot and
benefactor, whose political role in the Second World War remains
controversial, described himself as: Serb, Christian Orthodox, landowner.
From Ankara to Bled Marshal Tito’s visit to Greece (june 1954) and the formation of the Balkan alliance
Authors: Sfetas Spyridon
Published: March 2012

Tito?s visit to Greece contributed to the Balkan Pact?s transformation into a
military alliance. Despite the establishment of Soviet-Yugoslav diplomatic
relations in 1953, the Soviet Union made no political move towards
normalizing bilateral relations. For security reasons Tito visited Athens
(June 1954) to promote Yugoslavia?s military cooperation with Greece and
Turkey without ruling out Yugoslavia?s accession to NATO. But the Soviet
leadership, fearing Yugoslavia?s involvement in western defense mechanisms,
sent the message to Belgrade that it was ready to recognize Stalin?s blunders
towards Yugoslavia. Thus, Tito applied a policy of equidistance between East
and West and refused to link up the Balkan Alliance with NATO.
Serbs as threat the extreme negative portrayal of the Serb “minority” in Albanian-language newspapers in Kosovo
Authors: Zdravkovic-Zonta Helena
Published: March 2012

Through perpetuating negative stereotypes and rigid dichotomous identities,
the media play a significant part in sustaining conflict dynamics in Kosovo.
Examining their discourse in terms of ideological production and
representations is crucial in order to understand the power relations between
the majority and the minority, the identity politics involved in sustaining
them, and the intractability of the conflict. In an effort to provide a
deeper understanding of the intractable conflict in Kosovo, and the role of
the media in protracting it, this study uses critical discourse analysis to
examine articles related to issues affecting the Serb community, published in
Albanian language print media. The master narrative that comes out of the
analysis is that of ?threat? - the threat that Kosovo Albanians continue to
face from Serbs and Serbia; a threat that is portrayed as historical and
constant. The discourse further strengthens the conflict dynamics of
opposition, polarization and even hatred. This master narrative implies that
Serbs are enemies, to be feared, contested, fought against; conflict is thus
the normal state of affairs. The study also looks at the implications of
media discourse for reconciliation efforts and the prospects of the Serb
minority in Kosovo society, arguing that when the Other is presented as
dangerous and threatening, fear of the Other and a desire to eliminate the
threat, physically and symbolically, become perceived as a ?natural?
response, and thus constitute a significant conflict-sustaining dynamic.
Lieutenant W. R. Broughton (commanding HMS Chatham), James Johnstone (Master), Archibald Menzies (surgeon/naturalist) and the survey of the San Juan Archipelago, 1792
Authors: Groves Eric W.
Published: March 2012

Captain George Vancouver's report to the Admiralty, published in the account of his 1790–1795 expedition, failed to give sufficient notice to the importance of Lieutenant William Broughton's boat survey investigations of the San Juan islands. In fact, in that publication, it was dismissed in a few lines of text (appearing as five lines of print in Lamb's re-published edition of 1984). Only the first survey of the islands, made on 18–22 May 1792, gets a mention. That of Johnstone's later visit (with Menzies) from the Birch Bay anchorage on 18–19 June was omitted. An account of Johnstone's second investigation of San Juan Archipelago is found in no other source than in Menzies's own unpublished journal. The present author has attempted to address the imbalance and suggests a logical sequence by which Johnstone could have visited those islands not surveyed on the earlier occasion.
Mammal studies in Uganda 1878–1980
Authors: Delany M. J.
Published: March 2012

In the century since Emin Pasha's observations in 1878, the study of mammals in Uganda has gone through three distinct phases. Up to the First World War the main studies were through expeditions and collectors and the material they brought back to museums in Britain and America. Their work was supplemented by significant contributions from a small number of dedicated residents. The second phase, broadly between the two world wars, was largely dependent on field studies by local residents who continued to send material overseas. The last phase, following the Second World War, witnessed an enormous expansion in mammal studies. These were made possible through easier access to the country, improved facilities in Uganda, the need to develop management techniques for the large mammals and a greater desire to understand tropical faunas. Unfortunately, by the mid-1970s, due to social and economic pressures, these studies had to be greatly curtailed.
Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Macroalgae
Authors: Cancela Angeles , Maceiras Rocio , Urrejola Santiago , Sanchez Angel
Published: March 2012

Nowadays microwave radiation is being researched to produce biodiesel from different raw materials due to the many advantages that this technology presents compared to traditional transesterification, such as shorter reaction times and less amount of heat energy to obtain biodiesel. The aim of this research was to explore the possibility of carrying out the microwave-assisted transesterification of macroalgae and compare the results with the traditional transesterification. For that reason, some experiences were conducted using sunflower oil and macroalgae as raw material. Based on the obtained results, the best conditions for microwave-assisted transesteriﬁcation reaction were macroalgae to methanol ratio of 1:15 (wt/vol), sodium hydroxide concentration of 2 wt % and reaction time of 3 min.
Case Study of Sequence Capture Enrichment Technology: Identification of Variation Underpinning Developmental Syndromes in an Amniote Model
Authors: Robb Elizabeth A. , Delany Mary E.
Published: March 2012

Chicken developmental mutants are valuable for discovering sequences and pathways controlling amniote development. Herein we applied the advanced technologies of targeted sequence genomic capture enrichment and next-generation sequencing to discover the causative element for three inherited mutations affecting craniofacial, limb and/or organ development. Since the mutations (coloboma, diplopodia-1 and wingless-2) were bred into a congenic line series and previously mapped to different chromosomes, each targeted mutant causative region could be compared to that of the other two congenic partners, thereby providing internal controls on a single array. Of the ~73 million 50-bp sequence reads, ~76% were specific to the enriched targeted regions with an average target coverage of 132-fold. Analysis of the three targeted regions (2.06 Mb combined) identified line-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and micro (1–3 nt) indels. Sequence content for regions indicated as gaps in the reference genome was generated, thus contributing to its refinement. Additionally, Mauve alignments were constructed and indicated putative chromosomal rearrangements. This is the first report of targeted capture array technology in an avian species, the chicken, an important vertebrate model; the work highlights the utility of employing advanced technologies in an organism with only a “draft stage” reference genome sequence.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Brushes for Flow Control through Nanopores
Authors: Adiga Shashishekar P. , Brenner Donald W.
Published: March 2012

Responsive polymers attached to the inside of nano/micro-pores have attracted great interest owing to the prospect of designing flow-control devices and signal responsive delivery systems. An intriguing possibility involves functionalizing nanoporous materials with smart polymers to modulate biomolecular transport in response to pH, temperature, ionic concentration, light or electric field. These efforts open up avenues to develop smart medical devices that respond to specific physiological conditions. In this work, an overview of nanoporous materials functionalized with responsive polymers is given. Various examples of pH, temperature and solvent responsive polymers are discussed. A theoretical treatment that accounts for polymer conformational change in response to a stimulus and the associated flow-control effect is presented.
New Gastropod Vectors and Tetrodotoxin Potential Expansion in Temperate Waters of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Silva Marisa , Azevedo Joana , Rodriguez Paula , Alfonso Amparo , Botana Luis M. , Vasconcelos Vítor
Published: March 2012

Tetrodotoxin is a potent low weight marine toxin found in warm waters, especially of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Intoxications are usually linked to the consumption of the puffer fish, although TTX was already detected in several different edible taxa. Benthic organisms such as mollusks and echinoderms, with different feeding habits, were collected monthly along the Portuguese coast from the summer of 2009 until the end of 2010. The extraction and analysis techniques were optimized and TTX and some analogues were detected for the first time in two intertidal gastropod species—Gibbula umbilicalis and Monodonta lineata by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. Although the levels are low, these findings suggest that monitoring of TTX and analogues in North Atlantic species should be implemented so as to detect potentially new toxin vectors and seasonal and/or geographical patterns.
The Feasibility of Enzyme Targeted Activation for Amino Acid/Dipeptide Monoester Prodrugs of Floxuridine; Cathepsin D as a Potential Targeted Enzyme
Authors: Tsume Yasuhiro , Amidon Gordon L.
Published: March 2012

The improvement of therapeutic efficacy for cancer agents has been a big challenge which includes the increase of tumor selectivity and the reduction of adverse effects at non-tumor sites. In order to achieve those goals, prodrug approaches have been extensively investigated. In this report, the potential activation enzymes for 5¢-amino acid/dipeptide monoester floxuridine prodrugs in pancreatic cancer cells were selected and the feasibility of enzyme specific activation of prodrugs was evaluated. All prodrugs exhibited the range of 3.0–105.7 min of half life in Capan-2 cell homogenate with the presence and the absence of selective enzyme inhibitors. 5¢-O-L-Phenylalanyl-L-tyrosyl-floxuridine exhibited longer half life only with the presence of pepstatin A. Human cathepsin B and D selectively hydrolized 5¢-O-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosylfloxuridine and 5¢-O-L-phenylalanyl-L-glycylfloxuridine compared to the other tested prodrugs. The wide range of growth inhibitory effect by floxuridine prodrugs in Capan-2 cells was observed due to the different affinities of prodrug promoieties to enyzmes. In conclusion, it is feasible to design prodrugs which are activated by specific enzymes. Cathepsin D might be a good candidate as a target enzyme for prodrug activation and 5¢-O-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosylfloxuridine may be the best candidate among the tested floxuridine prodrugs.
Extracts of Lycoris aurea Induce Apoptosis in Murine Sarcoma S180 Cells
Authors: Liao Na , Ao Mingzhang , Zhang Peng , Yu Longjiang
Published: March 2012

Lycoris species have been known since long ago as a multi-utility ethnomedicinal herbal in China. It has been reported to exhibit a number of properties such as anticancer, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities. In the present study, the anticancer efficacy of dichloromethane extracts of Lycoris aurea (DELA), was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro using murine sarcoma 180 cells. To evaluate the effects of DELA on apoptotic cell death, flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed. DELA demonstrated promising inhibition effects on sarcoma 180 cells in vitro and a 53.49% inhibitory rate on cancer cells in vivo. DELA treatment increased thymus indices and spleen indices in vivo, indicating that it reduced tumours, but did not damage the main immune organs. The DELA-evoked increase in apoptotic cell death was accompanied by occurrence of cleaved caspase-3 and decreases in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Further purification and LCMS analysis showed DELA contained homolycorine, 2α-hydroxyoduline, oduline, hippeastrine, 2α-hydroxy-6-O- methyloduline, and 2α-methoxy-6-O-methyloduline. These results indicate that DELA exerted its anticancer effects, at least in part, by inducing cancer cell apoptosis and thus can be considered as a potential candidate agent for treatment of cancer.
Determination of Rutin in Cigarette Tobacco, Filters, Mainstream Smoke and Burned Ash of Different Branded Cigarettes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Sun Yinshi , Li Wei , Wang Jianhua , Bi Jianjie , Su Shudong
Published: March 2012

Tobacco consists of at least 3,800 chemical constituents. Among them, rutin is an important polyphenolic secondary metabolite in tobacco, which has positive actions such as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and vasoactive, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-protozoal properties. A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to analyze rutin in tobacco and filters, mainstream smoke, and burned ash of ten varieties of cigarettes made in China. The chromatographic analysis was performed on a Hypersil ODS2 column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 350 nm using a photodiode array detector. The calibration curves for the determination of analytes showed good linearity over the investigated ranges (R2 > 0.9998). Precision and reproducibility were evaluated by six replicated analyses, and the R.S.D. values were less than 0.59% and 1.53%. The recoveries were between 98.47 and 100.84%. Under the optimized conditions, namely 45 mL/g of solvent to solid ratio, 30 min of extraction time and 200 W of ultrasound power, the concentrations of rutin in tobacco and filter, mainstream smoke, burned ash of different brands cigarettes were 10.20–63.98, 0.10–0.32, 0.06–0.16 and 0 μg/per cigarette, respectively.
Clinical Application of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensors for Fetal Fibronectin Detection
Authors: Chen Chen-Yu , Chang Chia-Chen , Yu Chun , Lin Chii-Wann
Published: March 2012

Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Fetal fibronectin (fFN), a glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of the amniotic membranes, is the most powerful biomarker for predicting the risk of preterm birth. Biosensors using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response are potentially useful in quantitatively measuring molecules. We established a standard calibration curve of SPR intensity against fFN concentration and used the SPR-based biosensor to detect fFN concentrations in the cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant women between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation. The calibration curve extends from 0.5 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL with an excellent correlation (R2 = 0.985) based on standard fFN samples. A cutoff value of 50 ng/mL fFN concentration in commercial ELISA kits corresponds to a relative intensity of 17 arbitrary units (a.u.) in SPR. Thirty-two pregnant women were analyzed in our study. In 11 women, the SPR relative intensity was greater than or equal to 17 a.u., and in 21 women, the SPR relative intensity was less than 17 a.u. There were significant differences between the two groups in regular uterine contractions (p = 0.040), hospitalization for tocolysis (p = 0.049), and delivery weeks (p = 0.043). Our prospective study concluded that SPR-based biosensors can quantitatively measure fFN concentrations. These results reveal the potential utility of SPR-based biosensors in predicting the risk of preterm birth.
Computerized measurements of radiographic anatomical parameters of the elbow joint in Bernese Mountain Dogs
Authors: Schmoekel H. G. , Waibl H. , Brunnberg L. , Stein S.
Published: March 2012

Objective: Comparison of two methods for evaluation of anatomical parameters of elbow joints in Bernese Mountain Dogs.

Study design: Radiographic analysis.

Animals: Nine hundred and thirty-one radiographs of elbow joints from 305 Bernese Mountain Dogs.

Material and methods: The angles OL, PA, RA and UL were measured according to the Mues method and the Radius of the humeral condyle, Opening angle beta, Quotient Q and Ae, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 according to the Viehmann method. The radiographs were divided according to their angle of flexion into five groups: 0–30°, 31–60°, 61–90°, 91–120° and >120°. The difference and the correlation between measured values and the elbow dysplasia (ED) score was calculated and compared.

Results: The average values of angle OL, PA and RA, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 were significantly different within the different elbow flexion angle groups. The values of Opening angle beta, Quotients Q and Ae as well as Radius of the humeral condyle varied independently from the degree of the elbow flexion on the radiograph. The angles OL, PA and RA and the Radius of the humeral condyle, the Opening angle beta, the Quotients Q and Ae, Step 1 and Step 2 correlated with the ED score.

Conclusion: In contrast to the method of Mues, the majority of the measured parameters of the method of Viehmann were not influenced by the degree of flexion of the elbow joint and correlated with the ED score. Clinical relevance: The method of Viehmann warrants consideration for the evaluation of radiographs of elbow joints in the Bernese Mountain Dog for ED.

This article is based on a study first reported in S. Stein's doctoral thesis, which was presented on 08.05.2007 and published thereafter in full by Mensch & Buch Verlag. This abridged and translated version is now being published with the kind permission of Mensch & Buch Verlag.
Ventral stabilization and facetectomy in a Great Dane with wobbler syndrome due to cervical spinal canal stenosis
Authors: Danielski A. , Vanhaesebrouck A. , Yeadon R.
Published: March 2012

This report describes the management of clinically significant, single level cervical spinal canal stenosis associated with articular facet hypertrophy in a three-year-old Great Dane dog, by combined surgical decompression and spinal stabilization. Spinal column stabilization was achieved by ventral application of two String of Pearls locking plates and subsequent decompression was accomplished by unilateral facetectomy. The six-month postoperative reassessment examination confirmed satisfactory clinical outcome with a complete return to normal activity, resolution of neurological deficits and maintenance of implant positioning.
Comparative Analysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Levels in Pre-Term and Term Babies Delivered at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Obasa Temitope Olorunsola , Adesiyun Omotayo Olukemi , Mokuolu Olugbenga Ayodeji , Ojuawo Ayodele Isaac
Published: March 2012

Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is an enzyme in the hexose monophosphate shunt required for the production of reducing equivalents needed to mop up free radicals. thereby keeping hemoglobin in its free state. Deficiency of the enzyme can cause severe neonatal jaundice. The aim of this study was to compare G6PD levels in pre-term and term babies, and evaluate the extent to which G6PD deficiency determines the severity of jaundice in various gestational age groups. Samples of cord blood collected from consecutively delivered babies in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, were assayed for G6PD levels, and the babies were observed for jaundice during the first week of life. Those who developed jaundice had serial serum bilirubin measured. Nine hundred and thirty-three babies had G6PD assayed, with 348 being G6PD deficient, giving a hospital based prevalence of 37.3%. Of the 644 who were followed up, 143 (22.2%) were pre-term and 501(77.8%) were term babies. Babies with gestational age (GA) 27-29 weeks had the highest G6PD levels. However, there was no significant variation among the different gestational age groups (F=0.64, P=0.64). Jaundice occurred more in pre-term compared to term babies with a relative risk of 2.41 (χ2=60.95, P=0.00001). Occurrence of jaundice in pre-term babies was irrespective of G6PD status (χ2=0.2, P=0.66, RR=1.09, CI=0.83<RR<1.43). There is an inverse relationship between gestational age and the occurrence of jaundice (R2=-0.874). Pre-term babies are more likely to have higher G6PD levels, but occurrence of jaundice in pre-term babies is irrespective of G6PD status. More severe jaundice (especially for gestational age) occurring in pre-term babies requires critical care.
Asian-Variant Intravascular Lymphoma in the African Race
Authors: Geyer Holly , Karlin Nina , Palen Brian , Mesa Ruben
Published: March 2012

Intravascular Large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an exceptionally rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) distinguished by the preferential growth of neoplastic cells within blood vessel lumen. Challenging to detect and deemed disseminated at diagnosis, this condition is characterized by a highly aggressive, inconspicuous course with a high mortality rate. We describe the case of a 48 year-old African-American female presenting with a two month history of low-grade fevers and malaise. Laboratory data was notable for anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver function tests, and hematuria. An extensive work-up for infectious, rheumatologic and malignant causes was negative. Her symptoms progressed and within two weeks, she was admitted for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Her course was complicated by diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and ultimately, care was withdrawn. Autopsy identified widespread CD-20 positive intravascular large B-cell lymphoma with significant hepatosplenic involvement, characteristic of the Asian variant IVLBCL. This case uniquely highlights development of the Asian variant IVLBVL in a previously undescribed race. Identified by its intraluminal vascular growth pattern, IVLBCL generally spares lymphatic channels. Diagnosis and differentiation of this condition from other hematological malignancies via skin, visceral and bone marrow biopsy is imperative as anthracycline-containing chemotherapies may significantly improve clinical outcomes. This article outlines the common presentation, natural course, and treatment options of IVLBCL, along with the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and chromosomal aberrations common to this condition.
Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of the Uterus
Authors: Bleeker Jonathan S. , Quevedo J. Fernando , Folpe Andrew L.
Published: March 2012

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a rare collection of tumors arising in a wide array of anatomic locations and characterized by a myomelanocytic phenotype. PEComas which occur in non-classic anatomic distributions are known as perivascular epithelioid cell tumor-not otherwise specified (PEComa-NOS), and one of the most common primary sites for PEComa-NOS is the uterus. The risk of aggressive behavior of these tumors has been linked to a number of factors evaluable on pathologic review following initial surgical resection. We report a case of PEComa-NOS of the uterus with multiple high-risk features, including frank vascular invasion, with no evidence of recurrent disease 18 months following initial surgical resection.
De macht van de dood en de kracht van God: Enkele Bijbelse perspectieven
Authors: Weren Wim J.C.
Published: March 2012

The might of death and the power of God: Some biblical perspectives. This article investigates how the might of death and the power of God are related in biblical writings. Factually, there are various biblical images concerning this relationship. Four of them are discussed in this contribution. Firstly, according to many texts, there is no afterlife and God’s power is limited and he is not able to save people after they have died. Secondly, view is disputed in other texts in which it is emphasised that the life of people who are faithful to God and his Torah, will have an open ending. This hope is based on God’s power and not on an indestructible personal core or some divine dimension deep within human beings. Thirdly, the most well known idea is the concept of resurrection which originated in Judaism and emerged when in the second century BCE martyrs died because of their religious convictions. Fourthly, this model has been applied to Jesus, who after having been rescued from death by God, was placed in a position that in many respects is similar to God’s position. In this article recent discoveries about developments in biblical ideas about God’s and Jesus’ competence and functions are integrated.
Leadership coaching experiences of clients with Alexithymia
Authors: Cilliers Frans
Published: March 2012

Orientation: Leaders who find it difficult to connect emotionally with colleagues are often seen as incompetent, the idea that they may suffer from alexithymia – an inability to feel – is not taken into account. This coaching model seemed to be not successful in changing this behaviour pattern.Research purpose: The purpose of the research was to describe the coaching experiences of leaders with symptoms of alexithymia and to formulate hypotheses around their leadership experiences.Motivation for the study: Effective leadership is strongly associated with emotional connections with colleagues. Leaders suffering from alexithymia, struggle with making these connections. It was thought that coaching might help them bridge the gap towards building effective relationships.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative research design using case studies was used. Three participants underwent 10 months of systems psychodynamic leadership coaching, including role analysis. Researcher’s field notes and participant essays were discourse analysed. The researcher’s unconscious experiences were included in the interpretations.Main findings: Five themes manifested themselves namely, leaders’ difficult experiences with coaching, the dynamics underlying their normative, experiential and phenomenal roles and the coach’s unconscious experiences affecting the relationship. The research hypothesis referred to the differences between the role parts and the resulting anxiety.Practical/managerial implications: This coaching model did not provide sufficient opportunities for the participating leaders with regard to emotional reactivity and regulation. Contribution/value-add: The research created awareness of how alexithymia amongst leaders manifests in organisations. Unfortunately the coaching was unsuccessful in addressing the emotional task. Other ways need to be explored.
Safety, Efficacy and Patient Acceptability of Bazedoxifene Acetate in the Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Fighera Tayane Muniz , Kulak Carolina Aguiar Moreira , Júnior Jaime Kulak
Published: March 2012

Many pharmacological agents are available for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, including estrogen and the selective modulators of estrogen receptor (SERMS). Bazedoxifene is a third-generation SERM, which acts as estrogen agonist in bone and lipid metabolism and as an antagonist in the breast and endometrium. Studies demonstrated that bazedoxifene reduced significantly the risk of vertebral fractures. In a subgroup of patients at high risk (post-hoc analysis), a reduction of nonvertebral fractures risk was reported. Moreover, the combination of conjugated estrogens with bazedoxifene seems to offer an alternative to classical hormone therapy, improving the vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy, without the use of a progestin. Bazedoxifene is a promising drug for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women; however a safety concern regarding venous thromboembolic events is needed before starting treatment.
Family Work in Occupational Therapy: A Case Study from a Forensic Service
Authors: Fitzgerald Martin , Ratcliffe Gemma , Blythe Cherelle
Published: March 2012

Despite the home environment being a major source of stress and relapse, mental health occupational therapists do not traditionally provide family work. Relapse is far more prevalent in environments with high expressed emotion and the goal of family work is to reduce expressed emotion. A case study describes and reflects on a family intervention led by occupational therapy. It found the occupational therapists well placed to provide family work because of their unique skills in environmental modification and behavioural management. The successful discharge of the service user to the home suggests that family work can be a valued activity for occupational therapists.
The Focus Axiom and Poverty: On the Co-existence of Precise Language and Ambiguous Meaning in Economic Measurement
Authors: Subramanian Subbu
Published: March 2012

Despite the formal rigour that attends social and economic measurement, the substantive meaning of particular measures could be compromised in the absence of a clear and coherent conceptualization of the phenomenon being measured. A case in point is afforded by the status of a ‘focus axiom’ in the measurement of poverty. ‘Focus’ requires that a measure of poverty ought to be sensitive only to changes in the income-distribution of the poor population of any society. In practice, most poverty indices advanced in the literature satisfy an ‘incomefocus’ but not a ‘population-focus’ axiom. This, it is argued in the present paper, makes for an incoherent underlying conception of poverty. The paper provides examples of poverty measures which either satisfy both income and population focus or violate both, or which effectively do not recognize a clear dichotomization of a population into its poor and non-poor components, and suggests that such measures possess a virtue of consistency, and coherent meaning, lacking in most extant measures of poverty available in the literature.
Real-time, controlled OH-initiated oxidation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Slowik J. G. , Wong J. P. S. , Abbatt J. P. D.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The chemical complexity of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) requires novel methods for characterization of its components and description of its atmospheric processing-induced transformations. We present the first field deployment of the Toronto Photooxidation Tube (TPOT), a field-deployable flow reactor for the controlled exposure of ambient aerosol to OH radicals. The system alternates between sampling of (1) unreacted ambient aerosol, (2) aerosol subjected to a ~4 °C temperature increase, and (3) aerosol that is both heated and oxidized by OH. This allows both characterization of the aging process and classification of aerosol in terms of its volatility and reaction-based properties. Summertime measurements by an aerosol mass spectrometer coupled to the TPOT were performed in the remote forest of Western Canada, resulting in aerosol dominated by biogenic secondary organic aerosol. Volatilization resulted in an approximately 10 to 25% decrease in organic mass and resulted in a slight increase in oxygenation. OH oxidation resulted in a further organic mass decrease (additional ~25%) and yielded an aerosol with O:C values comparable to those characteristic of low volatility, highly oxygenated OA. Most OH-induced changes occurred within the equivalent of ~3 days of atmospheric processing, with further reactions generally proceeding at a greatly reduced rate. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the TPOT data yielded five factors. One factor is related to primary biomass burning organic aerosol, while the others describe oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components in terms of reactivity and volatility: (1) volatile and reactive; (2) non-volatile and reactive; (3) non-volatile and reactive early-generation product; (4) non-volatile and non-reactive product. This PMF classification of aerosol components directly in terms of reactivity and volatility is enabled by the TPOT-modulated perturbation of aerosol composition, and is not otherwise accessible. The particle-phase reaction end products have mass spectra similar to the low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) factors widely reported in the literature, providing supporting evidence for aged organic aerosol formation from OH-driven oxidation processes.
Evening transitions of the atmospheric boundary layer: characterization, case studies and WRF simulations
Authors: Sastre M. , Yagüe C. , Román-Cascón C. , Maqueda G. , Salamanca F. , Viana S.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Micrometeorological observations from two months (July–August 2009) at the CIBA site (Northern Spanish plateau) have been used to evaluate the evolution of atmospheric stability and turbulence parameters along the evening transition to a Nocturnal Boundary Layer. Turbulent Kinetic Energy thresholds have been established to distinguish between diverse case studies. Three different types of transitions are found, whose distinctive characteristics are shown. Simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting-Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) mesoscale model of selected transitions, using three different PBL parameterizations, have been carried out for comparison with observed data. Depending on the atmospheric conditions, different PBL schemes appear to be advantageous over others in forecasting the transitions.
Correcting mean and extremes in monthly precipitation from 8 regional climate models over Europe
Authors: Kurnik B. , Kajfež-Bogataj L. , Ceglar A.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. We corrected monthly precipitation from 8 regional climate models using statistical bias correction. All models were corrected according to observations and parameters for bias correction were obtained for all models separately in every grid cells over European domain, using data between 1961 and 1990. Bias correction was validated in the period between 1991 and 2010 with RMSE, Brier score and Brier skill score. The results are encouraging, as mean and extremes were effectively corrected. After applying correction, large biases over Alps, at the East Adriatic cost, west coast of Norway and at the east end of the domain were removed. RMSE of corrected precipitation was lower than RMSE of simulated in 85% of European area and correction for all models failed in only 1.5% of European area. Also extremes were effectively corrected. According to the Brier skill score the probability for dry months was corrected in more than 52% of the European area and heavy precipitation events were corrected in almost 90% of the area. All validation measures suggest the correction of monthly precipitation was successful and therefore we can argue that the corrected precipitation fields will improve results of the climate impact models.
Enhancing capacities of riparian professionals to address and resolve transboundary issues in international river basins: experiences from the Lower Mekong River Basin
Authors: Douven W. , Mul M. L. , Álvarez B. F. , Son L. H. , Bakker N. , Radosevich G. , van der Zaag P.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. This paper analyses the design and impact of capacity building programmes aimed at enhancing capacities of riparian professionals to address and resolve transboundary issues in international river basins. Case study is a programme developed by the Mekong River Commission (MRC). A post training evaluation was applied to assess its impact in terms of individual capacity enhancement and change (use and application of knowledge, factors hampering application, and change in function and opportunities within their organisation). The design of the Capacity Building Programme of the MRC Flood Management and Mitigation Programme showed a well balanced range of subjects (such as IWRM, models and decision support systems and international water law) which are required for such an integrated topic. The post training evaluation, 6 months after the last training workshop, showed the increase in familiarity of the topics for all 37 respondents, with highest increase for the respondents with few years of working experience and from training and educational institutions. The relevance of the subjects taught is shown by the fact that 95% of the respondents indicated they saw the relevance of the subjects and 78% had already used some knowledge acquired in their job. The respondents also indicated that they did not have sufficient opportunities to apply all knowledge acquired. The phased implementation and training of lecturers during the training workshops, had a good impact, directly through increasing involvement in facilitation and delivery of the capacity building programme and through the use of the knowledge gained in short courses and development of curricula at their training institute. For these types of capacity building programmes, a few recommendations can be made. The selection of participants is crucial for the application of the learned knowledge in their work. The integrative nature of transboundary water issues calls for a capacity building programme addressing a wide range of subjects, which can be understood by a wide range of professionals from different sectors. Training modalities should also address this integrative nature such as roleplays and case studies. A successful capacity building programme needs to address the three levels of capacity building (enabling environment, organisations, and individual staff) and involve national and regional training and education institutes.
Formation and metamorphism of stratified firn at sites located under spatial variations of accumulation rate and wind speed on the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji
Authors: Fujita S. , Enomoto H. , Fukui K. , Iizuka Y. , Motoyama H. , Nakazawa F. , Sugiyama S. , Surdyk S.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The initial stage of postdepositional metamorphism in polar firn was investigated at sites located under spatial variations of accumulation rate and wind speed along the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji. A better understanding of this process is important for interpreting local insolation proxies used for astronomical dating of deep ice cores. Three 2–4 m deep pits were excavated and physical properties, including density ρ, grain size D, reflectance R of near infrared light and microwave dielectric anisotropy Δε, were investigated at high spatial resolution. We found that Δε ranges between 0.028 and 0.067 and that such high values occur in the surface ~0.1 m. In addition, short scale variations of ρ are correlated with those of Δε, and inversely correlated with those of D, confirming contrasting development of initially higher density layers and initially lower density layers. Moreover, postdepositional metamorphism makes these contrasts more distinct with increasing depths. Both the contrasts and Δε for given values of ρ are higher under lower accumulation rate conditions and under less windy conditions. Insolation efficiently causes evolution of strata of firn at the ice sheet surface under such conditions. Under more windy conditions, the strata contain more wind-driven hard layers with higher ρ and Δε and thus have larger fluctuations of ρ and Δε. We suggest that the initial variability of ρ at the surface and the duration of exposure to diurnal and seasonal temperature gradients play sequential roles in determining the physical/mechanical properties of firn, which is retained throughout the densification process.
Logics of Educational Stratification: A Cross-National Map of Educational Inequality
Authors: Schlicht-Schmälzle Raphaela , Ackermann Kathrin
Published: March 2012

Equality of education is often seen as the fundament of the overall equality of opportunity in modern societies. However, no reliable and comprehensive cross-national comparison of educational inequality hitherto exists. The aim of the present paper is to provide a cross-national comparative outline of diverse dimensions of educational inequality in the OECD world. We estimate the effects of three highly influential aspects of socioeconomic background on educational achievement in each OECD country in order to create a ranking of educational inequality in 30 capitalist countries. The central finding is that we indeed cannot identify a single cross-national ranking but three dimensions of education inequality: educational inequality based on economic, educational, and migration background at home. Capitalist economies thus do not only differ with regard to the degree of inequality but, first and foremost concerning the predominant patterns of inequality and the main distributive keys.
Highlighting Resources to Study Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes in US Immigrants
Authors: Oza-Frank Reena , Cunningham Solveig A.
Published: March 2012

International migration is at an all-time high, with the largest numbers migrating to the US, making this an ideal setting to study migrant health. While previous studies have shown that foreign-born individuals in the US tend to be in better health than the native born with regard to several health outcomes, less is known about such advantages in terms of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which are some of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this paper, we highlight the main existing resources available for the study of cardiometabolic health among US immigrants that researchers have yet to fully utilize. Despite the limited literature on migration and cardiovascular disease and diabetes, there are several data sources that can be used to better understand the importance of location exposures and of predispositions to these diseases.