bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Literary Intercourse”: Charlotte Brontë, George Henry Lewes, and George Eliot
Authors: Michie Elsie
Published: May 2017

As Scenes of Clerical Life (1857) was first appearing in Blackwood's Magazine, George Eliot endorsed John Blackwood's wish that their “literary intercourse may continue”: “it means that I shall go on writing what will stir men's heart to sympathy as well as that I shall have all the pleasures and advantages involved in the possession of a generous editor” (2: 353). Yet that correspondence involved as much antipathy as sympathy. In the late 1840s Lewes had participated in a similarly mixed interchange with Charlotte Brontë, which she received “in anger” and “agreement and harmony” (Gaskell, Life 276). The case study of Lewes, Brontë, and Eliot allows us to see how a lengthy literary intercourse that involved letters, biographies, and reviews, novels responding to other novels, and mixed negative and positive critical responses enabled multiple participants to reshape the form of fiction in the middle of the nineteenth century.
“Nothing That She Could Allege Against Him in Judicious or Judicial Ears”: “Consensual” Marital Abuse in Victorian Literature
Authors: Nelson Heather
Published: May 2017

I expand scholarship by Lawson and Shakinovsky, Rintoul, Surridge, and Tromp on marital abuse in nineteenth-century British fiction. Due to Blackstone's theory of coverture, wives allegedly consented on their wedding days to future abuse. Further, Bacon legalized physical and emotional marital abuse, and Hale established the marital rape exemption. The public, including nonfiction writers, erroneously asserted that marital abuse existed almost entirely in the lower classes, but fiction writers countered that myth by showing “consensual” abuse in middle- and upper-class marriages. With middle-class physical and emotional marital abuse in “Janet's Repentance” and upper-class sexual marital abuse in Daniel Deronda, Eliot shows all marital abuse as nonconsensual and enabled more overt condemnations of upper-class sexual marital abuse from Egerton's “Virgin Soil” and Galsworthy's The Man of Property and In Chancery.
Trigonometric Functions at a Crossroads
Authors: Stavek Jiri
Published: May 2017

In the history of physics trigonometric functions played several times a very critical role at crossroads. This time we are at a crossroads with the interpretation of correlation events of entangled particles. In this approach we propose to describe the experimental data of Alice and Bob using not so known trigonometric functions. Claudius Theorem (based on the trigonometric family of Sagitta and Cosagitta) evalutes the probabilistic occurrence of correlated and anticorrelated events. David Theorem (based on the trigonometric family of Hacoversine) describes the probability of the following identical events and gaps between the following identical events. In this trigonometric concept the Team of Alice, Bob, Claudius and David formulated a camouflage legend for Eve – “spooky action at a distance”. Merlin (with unbounded computational ability) should verify the truth of this statement. Trent (a trusted arbitrator, who acts as a neutral third party) should analyze these data and this trigonometric concept. Victor (a verifier) should make his decision which way we should continue in our future research: either through the Niels Bohr avenue or through the Albert Einstein sidewalk.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 3
Authors: Green Lily
Published: May 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2017
Development of Ceramics Creative Process with Community-based Learning and Constructionism for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Cherdjerm Saipen , Soodsang Nirat
Published: May 2017

The purposes of this research were 1) to develop a ceramics creative process with community-based learning (CBL) and constructionism for undergraduate students; 2) to evaluate students’ ceramic work with CBL and constructionism, and 3) to examine the community’s and students’ satisfactions towards CBL and constructionism. The research sample was selected by purposive sampling method to obtain 40 undergraduate students of Uttaradit Rajabhat University who enrolled in the Course: Local Ceramics, semester 1/2016, and 6 community instructors. Data analysis was presented by mean and standard deviation. The findings suggested that the ceramics creative process with CBL and constructionism for undergraduate students involved 5 steps, namely: 1) community survey/selection and exploring community data; 2) preparation; 3) hands-on practice to create ceramic works; 4) presentation of ceramic works; and 5) evaluation. The experimental result of the ceramics creative process with CBL and constructionism being constructed by the author revealed that the students’ knowledge and understanding of ceramics creative process displayed overall mean at a very high level ( = 3.70, S.D. = 0.26; = 3.72, S.D. = 0.16, respectively). The satisfaction towards CBL and constructionism were at a highest level in overall for the community and a high level in overall for students (= 4.67, S.D. = 0.27; = 3.85, S.D. = 0.34, respectively).
Conceptions of Critical Thinking from University EFL Teachers
Authors: Marin Matias A. , Pava Luisa De la
Published: May 2017

Critical Thinking has become an educational and social ideal. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching has not been apart from the discussion on the importance of implementing Critical Thinking into the educational process. However, research on Critical Thinking has broadly been carried out in other fields of knowledge rather than in EFL. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehend the conceptions university English teachers had about Critical Thinking in order to get a wider understanding on the way it has been conceived in EFL in relation to its concept, traits, promotion and assessment. Content Analysis, as a qualitative process of analysis and source of information, interpretations and conclusions, was the method adopted. The software Atlas.ti was the tool implemented to analyze the information. The results revealed that there is some agreement on the conception of Critical Thinking as a set of cognitive skills for problem-solving and reflective learning. Nevertheless, EFL teachers brought about their deficiency in understanding on what Critical Thinking entails. Thus, they emphasized the need of training on topics such as teaching, learning, didactics, methodology, strategies and resources to foster Critical Thinking in EFL. Based on teachers’ participation in this study and the literature consulted, it was concluded that Critical Thinking in EFL is compound of communicative competence, creativity, argumentation, problem-solving, decision-making, autonomous learning, metacognition and emotions.
The Simple Economics of Conservation Clubs
Authors: Caplan Arthur J.
Published: May 2017

This paper examines how a regulatory authority might ideally promote the formation of “conservation clubs” among households in order to initiate and empower voluntary household-level water and energy conservation efforts. We characterize a socially optimal conservation benchmark and derive the conditions necessary for a club to effectively attain this benchmark on behalf of the wider community. Both theoretical and numerical analyses are used to demonstrate ways in which households choose to become club members and are subsequently empowered to undertake conservation efforts. The avenues through which club membership might empower households include (1) information provision/education that is assumed to alter key parameters of the household’s welfare function, thereby inducing the household to build a stronger “conservation ethic,” and (2) bulk-pricing arrangements that reduce the prices of applicable conservation technologies. Our results highlight key relationships between the regulator and households, as well as between the club and the marketplace, that should be measured empirically before efforts are made to establish conservation clubs in practice.
The Outstanding Applications of Skeletal Numbers to Chemical Clusters
Authors: Kiremire Enos Masheija Rwantale
Published: May 2017

The evolution of the use of the 14/4n series method has resulted in the discovery of skeletal numbers. The skeletal numbers have rendered the testing of the 18-and 8-electron rules much easier and faster. In the same way, they have been very useful in simplifying the categorization of clusters, the prediction of shapes, and the matching of isolobal fragments. Furthermore, the skeletal numbers have made it possible to tentatively assign ligands to individual skeletal elements in such way that the 18- or 8-electron rule is obeyed. Thus, skeletal numbers can be utilized as a simple guide in analyzing and understanding clusters.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 6 No. 3
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: May 2017

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3Alexandrina Sirbu, Constantin Brancoveanu University, RomaniaBeatriz Sevilla-Moran, INIA-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, SpainDiego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, SpainElsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), PortugalEstela de Rezende Queiroz, Universidade Federal de Lavras, BrazilLenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech RepublicLeonardo Martín Pérez, National University of Rosario (UNR), ArgentinaMagdalena Polak-Berecka, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandMagdalena Surma, University of Agriculture, PolandMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyMaria Fernanda Pessoa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PortugalMilla Santos, Universidade Federal De Uberlandia, BrazilMuhammed Yüceer, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, TurkeyMulunda Mwanza Mulunda, Agriculture North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South AfricaPaolo Polidori, University of Camerino, ItalyRaza Hussain, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, CanadaSefat E Khuda, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United StatesShalini A. Neeliah, Ministry of Agro-industry and food security, MauritiusSushil Kumar Singh, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USATinna Austen Ng'ong'ola-Manani, Lilongwe University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, MalawiXingjun Li, Academy of the State Administration of Grains, China
Design of Elastic Screw Fasteners under Tensile Load
Authors: Osakue Edward. E. , Anetor Lucky
Published: May 2017

This paper presents an equivalent stress approach in the design of screw fasteners under tensile load. Design equations are formulated for sizing and verifying screw fastener selection. It considers axial tensile, direct shear, bending, and torsional stresses and combines them as appropriate into equivalent or effective stresses. The equivalent or effective stresses are compared with screw fastener material strength capabilities such as proof, yield, fatigue, and tensile strengths for failure assessment. Design factors are derived for assessing design adequacy the screw fastener. For elastic screw fasteners, these stresses must each be in the elastic range for the screw material. When the load is removed, elastic screw fasteners regain their original size and shape, behaving like springs. Two illustrative design examples are used to demonstrate both design verification and sizing tasks. Design verification was performed in the first example and the static yield design factors are found to be 0.77 and 0.68 for the preload and service load, respectively. These values are less than unity, representing a case of under-design in static yield failure modes. Without changing the specification of the screw fastener, the preload tension was reduced by 62.76%, and the static yield design factors changed to 1.42 and 1.12 for the preload and service load, respectively. This shows that the under-design condition resulted from high preload tension. When the screw pitch is changed from coarse to fine series, the design factors are worse off in fatigue stress resistance but indicated some improvement in static stress resistance. This suggests that fine pitch threads is not better than coarse pitch threads in fatigue stress capacity when direct shear and bending stresses are considered in Example 1. Both design sizing and verification are performed in Example 2. Design sizing suggests a screw fastener ( ) of slightly larger size than the previous solution ( ). Design verification indicates the previous solution and new solution has a minimum static yield design factor of 0.93 and 1.09, respectively for the service load. This suggests that the screw fastener of the previous solution may yield in service, if implemented. The new solution has a higher design factor in this failure mode and presents less risk of failure. From the illustrative examples presented, it seems that ignoring direct and bending stresses in screw fastener design can lead to under-design in some failure modes.
Size, Subsidies and Technical Efficiency in Renewable Energy Production: The Case of Austrian Biogas Plants
Authors: Eder Andreas , Mahlberg Bernhard
Published: May 2017

This study estimates the efficiency of biogas plants and identifies determinants of inefficiencies. Data Envelopment Analysis is applied on a sample of 86 Austrian biogas plants for the year 2014, covering about one third of the installed electric capacity of Austrian biogas plants. We decompose technical efficiency into scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency (managerial efficiency). In a second-stage regression analysis the effects of subsidies and other variables on managerial efficiency are investigated. The main results are: i) 34% of biogas plants in our sample are technically efficient, 40% are scale efficient and 50% are managerial efficient; ii) small biogas plants (<100 kW) are scale inefficient exhibiting increasing returns to scale; iii) production subsidies show a significant, negative relationship to managerial efficiency. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that production subsidies provide a disincentive to managerial effort of plant operators.
From the Sylvia Plath Effect to social justice: Moving forward with creativity
Authors: Kaufman James C.
Published: May 2017

The author contrasts an early research passion, creativity and mental illness, with his current interest in creativity and social justice. Kaufman’s initial research revolved around the Sylvia Plath Effect, yet was insensitive to broader implications or concerns. As his thinking about creativity has evolved, he is currently more focused on a more positive use for creativity – namely, how creativity can help issues of fairness and equity.
História do Tempo Presente e América Latina: Colômbia - uma entrevista com Hugo Antonio Fazio Vengoa
Authors: Machieski Elisangela da Silva
Published: May 2017

Hugo Antonio Fazio Vengoa é historiador e doutor em ciência política, professor da Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá – Colômbia) desde a década de 1990, onde desenvolveu e coordenou diversas atividades, incluindo a criação dos programas de mestrado e doutorado em História. Atualmente é decano da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais. Suas investigações estão focadas em temas como a História Global, Estudos Internacionais Contemporâneos e História do Tempo Presente. No decorrer de sua carreira acadêmica publicou mais de vinte livros, dentre esses merece destaque o livro intitulado “La historia del tiempo presente: historiografía, problemas y métodos” (2010). Membro do Grupo de Investigação Historia del Tiempo Presente.
TURKEY & ISRAEL BRINKMANSHIP & THE GRAND STRATEGY OF THE ERDOGAN GOVERNMENT
Authors: Lombardi Ben
Published: May 2017

Brinkmanship occurs when a state threatens to use force to pressure an adversary to offer concessions that it would otherwise be unwilling to make save under threat of war. As such, it is an intrinsically dangerous form of statecraft, for it depends upon very clear and easily comprehended signalling so that an opponent can both appreciate what is being demanded and the possible consequences of non-compliance. Brinkmanship also requires a very steady hand in its implementation for the potential for escalation is ever-present, and can be triggered by poor communications, unexpected mishaps, or misunderstandings by both the instigator and the object of its policy. Perhaps the best known example of this type of mailed fist diplomacy occurred during the Cuban Missile Crisis when the Kennedy Administration declared a blockade on Cuba and threatened to use force to maintain it. The crisis came to a close when Moscow withdrew its missiles from Cuba in return for private assurances that US missiles in Turkey would be dismantled. Before that happened, there were many moments of high tension as Soviet-flagged ships approached US naval vessels tasked to enforce the quarantine zone. The possibility of war was real even if, as we now know, neither leader wanted it to occur.
KENIZÉ MOURAD AND EARLY MIDDLE EASTERN FEMINISM
Authors: Armianu Irina
Published: May 2017

This article explores the waning days of the Ottoman Empire and emergence of the modern state system in the early twentieth century Levant from the purview of Kenizé Mourad's self-narrative Regards from the Dead Princess: Novel of a Life.  A work of history and literary fiction, Mourad's novel is an account of the last remnants of a secular Levantine culture, the story of a crumbling empire, and the personal tale of a young woman and her exiled imperial family strewn about the continents, torn between Lebanon, Europe, and the Indian subcontinent.
FROM THE EDITORS
Authors: Salameh Franck
Published: May 2017

We are pleased to put before you this second volume of The Levantine Review; Boston College's flagship Middle East Studies journal, published by the Department of Slavic and Eastern Languages and Literatures, and in conjuncion with the Boston College Libraries.
THE JASMINE REVOLUTION BETWEEN SECULARISM AND ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM; THE CASE OF TUNISIA AND THE ISRAELI-­PALESTINIAN CONFLICT
Authors: Hechiche Abdelwahab
Published: May 2017

The central impetus of this paper is the “un-­Tunisian-­like” hostile slogans emitted in early 2012 in honor of Hamas leader Ismail Hanya, during his official visit to Tunisia at that time. The slogans in question, among them “Kill the Jews!” were protested by many Tunisians, and were widely denounced as an insult to the Jews of the world, but more importantly perhaps, they were decried as affront to Tunisia’s own Jewish children. Upon his historic return from exile and from jail, one of Bourguiba’s first acts was to visit the poor Jewish quarter of “Hafsya,” a gesture that reminded us of the Bey of Tunis, and the King of Morocco, both of whom, courageously, during WWII, declared their total and unconditional commitment to the defense and protection of their Jewish subjects. Integrating its tolerant “Mediterranean” past, and charting a post-­Jasmine Revolution future is one of the major challenges facing the Tunisia of today.
IDENTITY AND CULTURE OF ISRAELI CHRISTIANS IN THE FACE OF ISLAMIC RESURGENCE; CULTURAL DISTINCTIVENESS OF A MINORITY WITHIN A MINORITY
Authors: Farah Rima
Published: May 2017

This paper examines how Israeli Christians perceive their cultural position between Jewish and Muslim identities in Israel. The study primarily relates to the cultural differences between Christians and Muslims, and to the relations between them in mixed villages and towns. It focuses on how the sense of identity and the cultural aspects, combined with the rise of the Islamic identity and the change of Arab society’s structure has affected the peaceful coexistence between Christians and Muslims. Lastly, the research addresses the 1999 Christian-­Muslim riots (Shihab al-­Din Events) in Nazareth over plans to construct a Mosque in front of the Church of Annunciation.
A HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST: FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT DAY
Authors: Di Liberto Nicholas
Published: May 2017

Book Reviewed:  A History of the Middle East: From Antiquity to the Present Day / Georges Corm, Translated by Hala Khawam, (Garnet Publishing Ltd., 2010,) 229 pp.
USING FICTION AS A VEHICLE FOR POPULARIZING HISTORY: JURJY ZAIDAN’S HISTORICAL NOVELS
Authors: Bahkou Abjar
Published: May 2017

Jurji Zaydan was born in Beirut, Lebanon on Dec. 14, 1861, into a Greek Orthodox family. Many of his works focused on the Arab Awakening. The journal that he founded, al-Hilal, is still published today. His writings have been translated from Arabic into Persian, Turkish and Urdu as well as English, French and German. By the time he died unexpectedly in Cairo on July 21, 1914, at the age of fifty three, he had already established himself, in a little over twenty years, as one of the most prolific and influential thinkers and writers of the Arab Nahda (Awakening), but also as an educator and intellectual innovator, whose education was not based on traditional or religious learning. Philip Thomas called Zaydan, “the archetypical member of the Arab Nahda at the end of nineteenth century.” Zaydan transformed his society by helping build the Arab media, but he was also an important literary figure, a pioneer of the Arabic novel, and a historian of Islamic civilization. Zaydan was an intellectual who proposed new world view, a new social order, and new political power. Zaydan was the author of twenty-two historical novels covering the entirety of Arab/Islamic history. In these novels Zaydan did not attempt to deal with the history in chronological order, nor did he cover the whole of Islamic history; rather, his purpose was to popularize Islamic history through the medium of fiction. This paper will offer a brief analytical outline of Zaydan’s historical novels and how his critics viewed them.
Turkey’s Hybrid Competitive Authoritarian Regime; A Genuine Product of Anatolia’s Middle Class
Authors: Stelgias Nikolaos
Published: May 2017

Few years since the 9/11 Attacks in New York and following its rise to power, the AKP has gradually established a so-­called “competitive authoritarian regime,” in order to consolidate and secure its political power. This regime is hybrid and it is based on liberal principles (absence of tutelary authorities, protection of civil liberties, universal suffrage, free elections etc.). The AKP also provides for a reasonably fair level of political competition between the party in power (government) and the opposition. At the same time, however, the system shows some undemocratic features (violation of civil liberties, unfair elections, and uneven political competition.) This hybrid regime is based on three pillars: the state, the party and a newly emerged middle class in Anatolia. Through this hybrid regime Anatolia’s newly emerged middle class redefines its cultural and socio-­economic relations.
Exhibiting Music
Authors: Nimjee Ameera
Published: May 2017

Museums have long been thought of as “quiet” spaces, in which visitors walk slowly through galleries to look at material cultures in glass cases. Music and sound have begun to pervade the quiet spaces of museums in the forms of aural installations and performance-based programs. They are no longer galleries for solely visual engagement, but loud spaces in which visitors and audiences listen to recordings, experience live performances, and participate by themselves singing and playing in workshops, classes, installations, and impromptu demonstrations. This article explores three case studies in exhibiting music. The first is the exhibition Ragamala: Garland of Melodies, which was on display at the Royal Ontario Museum and sought to demonstrate the fluidity between the South Asian arts. The second is an investigation of some of the formal and informal performance-based programming at the Aga Khan Museum. The last case study focuses on a future project, in which collectors of Indian audio cultures will submit contributions to help construct a history of sound in India. Each case study is motivated by a series of central questions: what constitutes “exhibiting music”? What are the broader implications of and consequences for exhibiting music in each case? How does exhibiting music in a museum impact a visitor’s experience? What kinds of new stories are told in exhibiting music and sound? The three case studies respond to these questions and provoke issues and possibilities for further critical inquiry. They show that museums are dynamic spaces with incredible potential to inspire multi-experiential engagement.
Divination, pratiques de guérison et traditions islamiques parmi des femmes d’origine ouest-africaine à Montréal
Authors: Traoré Diahara
Published: May 2017

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article examine des pratiques de divination et de guérison parmi des immigrantes musulmanes d’origine ouest-africaine à Montréal, montrant ainsi la dynamique dialogique entre ces pratiques et la construction du religieux en contexte migratoire. En utilisant un cadre conceptuel inspiré de la théorie de Talal Asad sur l’anthropologie de l’islam, l’article présente une description de pratiques divinatoires observées entre 2008 et 2010, ainsi que le rapport que les femmes qui y participent entretiennent avec celles-ci. En particulier, l’auteure décrit des séances de divination par les cauris, ainsi que les rituels et pratiques de protection qui en découlent parmi les femmes participantes. L’auteure présente également des pratiques de guérison telles que décrites lors d’entretiens avec 24 femmes ouest-africaines provenant du Niger, du Mali, de la Guinée et du Sénégal. Dans le contexte d’une pluralité religieuse croissante dans la région de Montréal, cette étude démontre que, même à l’intérieur d’une tradition religieuse établie (l’islam), diverses traditions sont négociées et (re)construites en contexte migratoire.
Le travailleur derrière le produit artistique : la protection de « l’artiste » dans ses rapports de travail avec les personnes qui retiennent ses services en vertu de l’interprétation donnée à la Loi sur le statut professionnel et les conditions d’engagement des artistes de la scène, du disque et du cinéma
Authors: Choko Maude
Published: May 2017

Dans la foulée de la Recommandation relative à la condition de l’artiste de l’Unesco et à la suite de revendications en ce sens par certaines associations d’artistes, le Québec s’est doté d’un régime législatif encadrant spécifiquement les relations du travail des artistes en 1987, soit la Loi sur le statut professionnel et les conditions d’engagement des artistes de la scène, du disque et du cinéma. Ce régime favorise la représentation collective des artistes visés et la conclusion d’ententes collectives de travail établissant des normes minimales de travail. Il est intéressant de s’attarder à l’interprétation que les instances décisionnelles spécialisées chargées de l’application de la Loi ont donné aux différents éléments influençant le champ d’application de celle-ci. Tant la Commission de reconnaissance des associations d’artistes et des associations de producteurs (CRAAAP), de 1987 à 2009, que la Commission des relations du travail (CRT), de 2009 à 2015, ont eu recours à la théorie de l’interprétation des lois pour justifier leur lecture de l’étendue de la protection de la Loi. La présente analyse de cette jurisprudence vise, dans un premier temps, à mettre en lumière comment ces instances ont défini les objectifs de la Loi. Cela permet, dans un second temps, de porter un regard critique sur les choix interprétatifs qu’elles ont faits lors de l’application de la Loi, tant au niveau de la définition de l’objet visé par celle-ci (le travail artistique) que du sujet visé (l’artiste). Le texte dresse un bilan comparatif entre les approches de la CRAAAP et de la CRT, et la mesure dans laquelle leur interprétation respective permet de rencontrer les objectifs que chaque instance considère être ceux de la Loi, alors qu’un récent remaniement des tribunaux du travail a entraîné un nouveau transfert des compétences pour l’application de la Loi vers le Tribunal administratif du travail depuis janvier 2016.
Le récit enfantin : nouvel adage des temps modernes ?
Authors: Caron Vincent
Published: May 2017

Présence insoupçonnée par plusieurs, le récit enfantin dans la jurisprudence laisse présager, lorsqu’on en fait la recension, que ce type de récit est fort apprécié des magistrats et pour cause : il poursuit les mêmes objectifs que l’adage juridique. Outre qu’il enrichit le discours, le récit, à l’instar de l’adage, remue, oriente, dynamise et inspire la réflexion juridique. En tant que leçons essentielles et intemporelles, l’adage et le récit partagent plusieurs points en commun sur le plan du fond (fonctions réflexive, argumentative, esthétique, etc.) et sur le plan de la forme (origine lointaine, parfois incertaine et esthétisme de la formule). S’ils partagent des fins communes, le récit s’avère d’utilisation plus polyvalente, notamment en raison de sa structure narrative, de la qualification des faits, de l’appréciation de la crédibilité, de la vulgarisation du savoir juridique. Enfin, le récit est un précieux outil rhétorique que le plaideur a avantage à maîtriser et, avant tout, à connaître. La formation du juriste devrait-elle inclure une relecture du récit enfantin ?
The Foundational Manifesto of New Argentine Cinema? Israel Adrián Caetanos ‘Agustín Tosco Propaganda‘ (1995)
Authors: Fuica Beatriz Tadeo
Published: May 2017

Agustín Tosco Propaganda was published in the Argentine film journal El Amante Cine. It was written by Israel Adrián Caetano before his film Pizza, Beer and Cigarettes (Caetano and Stagnaro, 1998) triggered the concept of New Argentine Cinema. In this provocative text, Caetano criticised the way Argentine cinema had usually been made and, in a form of manifesto, he presented the principles that his own films – and those of many other young directors – have followed since then. Although New Argentine Cinema has been thoroughly studied in the English-speaking academia, only a few authors have made reference to this seminal text. Being aware of the principles set in this manifesto more than twenty years ago will help researchers and students understand some important features that tend to be overlooked when exploring not only Argentinean cinema, but also many other cinemas of the region.
Economia e Cultura do Candomblé na Bahia: o comércio de objetos litúrgicos afro-brasileiros - 1850/1937
Authors: Santos Flávio Gonçalves dos
Published: May 2017

Esse livro mostra a importância do comércio de objetos litúrgicos no candomblé, cujas oferendas e rituais exigem uma diversidade de produtos que dependem de conhecimentos específicos para uma correta utilização. A economia é analisada sob um prisma amplo, imbricada com a cultura, a religiosidade, as relações sociais e de poder. Além disso, o autor faz um panorama do contexto histórico do comércio baiano desde o princípio do tráfico negreiro.
Oxidative stress induces stem cell proliferation via TRPA1/RyR-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the Drosophila midgut
Authors: Xu Chiwei , Luo Junjie , He Li , Montell Craig , Perrimon Norbert
Published: May 2017

Precise regulation of stem cell activity is crucial for tissue homeostasis and necessary to prevent overproliferation. In the Drosophila adult gut, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been detected with different types of tissue damage, and oxidative stress has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient to trigger intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation. However, the connection between oxidative stress and mitogenic signals remains obscure. In a screen for genes required for ISC proliferation in response to oxidative stress, we identified two regulators of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) and ryanodine receptor (RyR). Characterization of TRPA1 and RyR demonstrates that Ca2+ signaling is required for oxidative stress-induced activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway, which in turns drives ISC proliferation. Our findings provide a link between redox regulation and Ca2+ signaling and reveal a novel mechanism by which ISCs detect stress signals.
Selection of housekeeping genes as internal controls for quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa)
Authors: Song Hao , Dang Xin , He Yuan-qiu , Zhang Tao , Wang Hai-yan
Published: May 2017

Background

The veined rapa whelkRapana venosais an important commercial shellfish in China and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has become the standard method to study gene expression inR. venosa. For accurate and reliable gene expression results, qRT-PCR assays require housekeeping genes as internal controls, which display highly uniform expression in different tissues or stages of development. However, to date no studies have validated housekeeping genes inR. venosafor use as internal controls for qRT-PCR.

Methods

In this study, we selected the following 13 candidate genes for suitability as internal controls: elongation factor-1α(EF-1α),α-actin (ACT), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1αsubcomplex subunit 7 (NDUFA7), 60S ribosomal protein L5 (RL5), 60S ribosomal protein L28 (RL28), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),β-tubulin (TUBB), 40S ribosomal protein S25 (RS25), 40S ribosomal protein S8 (RS8), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2), histone H3 (HH3), and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (PPIA). We measured the expression levels of these 13 candidate internal controls in eight different tissues and twelve larvae developmental stages by qRT-PCR. Further analysis of the expression stability of the tested genes was performed using GeNorm and RefFinder algorithms.

Results

Of the 13 candidate genes tested, we found thatEF-1αwas the most stable internal control gene in almost all adult tissue samples investigated withRL5andRL28as secondary choices. For the normalization of a single specific tissue, we suggested thatEF-1αandNDUFA7are the best combination in gonad, as well asCOX1andRL28for intestine,EF-1αandRL5for kidney,EF-1αandCOX1for gill,EF-1αandRL28for Leiblein and mantle,EF-1α,RL5, andNDUFA7for liver, GAPDH,PPIA, andRL28for hemocyte. From a developmental perspective, we found thatRL28was the most stable gene in all developmental stages measured, andCOX1andRL5were appropriate secondary choices. For the specific developmental stage, we recommended the following combination for normalization,PPIA,RS25, andRL28for stage 1,RL5andRL28for stage 2 and 5,RL28andNDUFA7for stage 3, andPPIAandTUBBfor stage 4.

Discussion

Our results are instrumental for the selection of appropriately validated housekeeping genes for use as internal controls for gene expression studies in adult tissues or larval development ofR. venosain the future.
Genome-wide analysis suggests high level of microsynteny and purifying selection affect the evolution of EIN3/EIL family in Rosaceae
Authors: Cao Yunpeng , Han Yahui , Meng Dandan , Li Dahui , Jin Qing , Lin Yi , Cai Yongping
Published: May 2017

The ethylene-insensitive3/ethylene-insensitive3-like (EIN3/EIL) proteins are a type of nuclear-localized protein with DNA-binding activity in plants. Although the EIN3/EIL gene family has been studied in several plant species, little is known about comprehensive study of the EIN3/EIL gene family in Rosaceae. In this study, ten, five, four, and five EIN3/EIL genes were identified in the genomes of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), mei (Prunus mume), peach (Prunus persica) and strawberry (Fragaria vesca), respectively. Twenty-eight chromosomal segments of EIL/EIN3 gene family were found in four Rosaceae species, and these segments could form seven orthologous or paralogous groups based on interspecies or intraspecies gene colinearity (microsynteny) analysis. Moreover, the highly conserved regions of microsynteny were found in four Rosaceae species. Subsequently it was found that both whole genome duplication and tandem duplication events significantly contributed to the EIL/EIN3 gene family expansion. Gene expression analysis of the EIL/EIN3 genes in the pear revealed subfunctionalization for several PbEIL genes derived from whole genome duplication. It is noteworthy that according to environmental selection pressure analysis, the strong purifying selection should dominate the maintenance of the EIL/EIN3 gene family in four Rosaceae species. These results provided useful information on Rosaceae EIL/EIN3 genes, as well as insights into the evolution of this gene family in four Rosaceae species. Furthermore, high level of microsynteny in the four Rosaceae plants suggested that a large-scale genome duplication event in the EIL/EIN3 gene family was predated to speciation.
An additional variant of Jubula hutchinsiae subsp. javanica (Marchantiophyta: Jubulaceae) in Thailand
Authors: Sukkharak Phiangphak
Published: May 2017

An additional variant of Jubula hutchinsiae (Hook.) Dumort. subsp. javanica (Steph.) Verd. is reported for Thailand based on a 2009 collection from the Nakhon Sri Thammarat province. A detailed description and illustrations are here provided.
Torrential rainfall processes associated with a landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013): A three‐dimensional WRF modeling study
Authors: Xu Huiyan , Li Xiaofan
Published: May 2017

In this study, Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with triply nested grid and the finest grid size of 3 km is utilized to simulate Typhoon Fitow (2013). The simulation is verified with available observations. The model well captures the track, eyewall, and rainband structures and also reproduces radar reflectivity and vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and winds. Area mean budget shows that water vapor convergence leads to condensation, which produces rainfall through accretion of cloud water by rain and melting of graupel. Over convective regions, water vapor convergence generates condensation, which feeds convective rainfall and supports transport of raindrops to stratiform regions through accretion of cloud water by rain. Over stratiform regions, melting of graupel and the transport of raindrops from convective regions are major sources for stratiform rainfall. The results are further strengthened by the analysis of the data in a storm‐following coordinate using different convective‐stratiform rainfall separation schemes.
Planetary period modulations of Saturn's magnetotail current sheet during northern spring: Observations and modeling
Authors: Cowley S. W. H. , Provan G.
Published: May 2017

We study Cassini magnetic field observations at Saturn on a sequence of passes through the near‐equatorial magnetotail during 2015, focusing on dual modulation of the plasma/current sheet associated with northern and southern planetary period oscillations (PPOs). Previous study of inner magnetosphere PPOs during this northern spring interval showed that the southern system amplitude was generally half that of the northern during the first part of the year to late August, after which the southern amplitude weakened to less than one‐fifth that of the northern. We examine four sequential tail passes in the earlier interval, during which prominent PPO‐related tail field modulations were observed, with relative (beat) phases of the two PPO systems being near in phase, antiphase, and two opposite near‐quadrature conditions. We find that the radial field displayed opposite “sawtooth” asymmetry modulations under opposite near‐quadrature conditions, related to previous findings under equinoctial conditions with near‐equal northern and southern PPO amplitudes, while modulations were near symmetric for in‐phase and antiphase conditions, but with larger radial field modulations for in‐phase and larger colatitudinal field modulations for antiphase. A simple physical mathematical model of dual modulation is developed, which provides reasonable correspondence with these data using one set of current sheet parameters while varying only the relative PPO phases, thus demonstrating that dual modulation can be discerned and modeled even when the northern and southern amplitudes differ by a factor of ~ 2. No such effects were consistently discerned during the later interval when the amplitude ratio was >5.
Global simulation study for the time sequence of events leading to the substorm onset
Authors: Tanaka T. , Ebihara Y. , Watanabe M. , Den M. , Fujita S. , Kikuchi T. , Hashimoto K. K. , Kataoka R.
Published: May 2017

We have developed a global simulation code which gives numerical solutions having an extremely high resolution. The substorm solution obtained from this simulation code reproduces the precise features of the substorm onset in the ionosphere. It can reproduce the onset that starts from the equatorward side of the quiet arc, two step development of the onset, and the westward traveling surge (WTS) that starts 2 min after the initial brightening. Then, we investigated the counter structures in the magnetosphere that correspond to each event in the ionosphere. The structure in the magnetosphere promoting the onset is the near‐Earth dynamo in the inner magnetospheric region away from the equatorial plane. The near‐Earth dynamo is driven by the field‐aligned pressure increase due to the parallel flow associated with the squeezing, combined with equatorward field‐perpendicular flow induced by the near‐Earth neutral line (NENL). The dipolarization front is launched from the NENL associated with the convection transient from the growth phase to the expansion phase, but neither the launch nor the arrival of the dipolarization front coincides with the onset timing. The arrival of flow to the equatorial plane of the inner magnetosphere occurs 2 min after the onset, when the WTS starts to develop toward the west. The expansion phase is further developed by this flow. Looking at the present result that the onset sequence induced by the near‐Earth dynamo reproduces the details of observation quite well, we cannot avoid to conclude that the current wedge is a misleading concept.
Nitrobenzol [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2017]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: May 2017

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated carcinogenicity of nitrobenzene [98‐95‐3], considering all endpoints. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail.

The genotoxic potential of nitrobenzene is low and might be a result of reactive oxygen species. Long‐term studies with exposure by inhalation resulted in a significant increase in liver and kidney adenomas in rats, and lung and mammary adenomas in mice. In severely toxic concentrations a nonsignificant increase in carcinomas was observed, probably resulting from a chronic toxic mechanism, supported by secondary genotoxic or DNA‐damaging effects at high doses. In view of other aromatic amines and the known mechanisms of action via phenylhydroxylamine, nitrobenzene is considered to be carcinogenic. Because of the non‐linear dose‐response relationship of the tumour incidences and as genotoxic effects play a minor part, nitrobenzene is classified in Carcinogen Category 4.

Eye and skin irritation from nitrobenzene is low. The critical effect is the bronchialisation in the lungs of mice in a long‐term inhalation study. However, the incidence of bronchialisation at the lowest tested concentration of 5 ml/m3is too high to calculate a NAEC. One long‐term inhalation study in Sprague‐Dawley rats resulted in a NOAEC of 1 ml/m3, another one in F344 rats showed minimal extramedullary haematopoesis in the spleen of males at the lowest tested concentration of 1 ml/m3. Using this concentration as point of departure, a MAK value of 0.1 ml/m3is calculated, which is far below the LOAEC of the critical effect in the mouse lung.

As the MAK value is derived from a systemic effect, nitrobenzene is assigned to Peak Limitation Category II. Because of the initial half‐life of 5 hours, the excursion factor of 4 is set.

Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity; therefore, the “H” notation is retained.

Damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and thus, the substance is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C.

Sensitization is not expected from the limited data.
Air Monitoring by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Platt Ulrich
Published: May 2017

Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) allows the quantitative determination of atmospheric trace gas concentrations by recording and evaluating the characteristic absorption structures (lines or bands) of the trace gas molecules along absorption paths (of known length) in the open atmosphere, in folded path arrangements, or using scattered sunlight. The DOAS technique is characterized by the following: (i) measuring the transmitted light intensity over a relatively (compared to the width of an absorption band) broad spectral interval; (ii) high‐pass filtering of the spectra to obtain a differential absorption signal and eliminating broadband extinction processes such as Rayleigh scattering (RS) and Mie scattering (MS); and (iii) quantitative determination of trace column densities by matching the observed spectral signatures to prerecorded (reference) spectra by, for instance, least squares methods. DOAS shares the advantages of most other spectroscopic techniques, including inherent calibration, sub parts per trillion (ppt) to ppt sensitivity and precision (1–10%), good specificity, wall‐less operation, and the capability for remote measurements as well as in‐situ measurements. In particular, the concentration of very reactive species such as the free radicals OH, NO3, ClO, BrO, and IO are determined with DOAS. Other species of interest to atmospheric chemistry are also measurable such as SO2, CS2, O3, NO, NO2, HONO, NH3, CH2O, glyoxal, and most monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A description of the technique is given, and the various modes of operation and light‐path configurations are explained. The emphasis of this article is on the practical aspects of instrument design, components of DOAS systems, operation of DOAS instruments, and state‐of the‐art techniques for the evaluation of DOAS spectra and realistic determination of detection limits. Finally, several examples of DOAS applications are given.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Methods in Pesticide Analysis
Authors: Cappiello Achille , Palma Pierangela , Famiglini Giorgio , Termopoli Veronica
Published: May 2017

In this article, a detailed overview of the current high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) instrumentation, suitable for the determination of a large number of pesticides, is reported. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the mass spectrometric apparatus involved in each interfacing technique with several information regarding the ionization processes, analyzer principles, and system configurations. The article is an up‐to‐date picture of the current instrumentation available and the reader will find only brief references to some important historical approaches that are no longer in use.