bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unit Leadership and Climates for Evidence‐Based Practice Implementation in Maternal–Infant Health Units: A Cross‐Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Hsu Jessica , Morgan Mikayla , Veliz Philip , Shuman Clayton
Published: October 2024

Aims

To describe unit leadership and climates for evidence‐based practice implementation and test for differences in unit leader and staff nurses' perceptions within maternal–infant units.

Design

A cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

A convenience sample of maternal–infant unit leaders and nurses (labour, postpartum, neonatal intensive care, paediatrics) from four Midwestern United States hospitals completed a survey including the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) and Implementation Climate Scale (ICS). Descriptive statistics described items, subscales and total scores. Independent t‐tests with Bonferroni correction tested for differences in perceptions.

Results

A total of 470 nurses and 21 unit leaders responded, representing 17 units. Ratings of unit leadership and climates for implementation were modest at best [ICS: M = 2.17 (nurses), 2.41 (leaders); ILS: M = 2.4 (nurses), 2.98 (leaders)]. Unit leader ratings were statistically significant and higher than nurse ratings.

Conclusion

This study is one of the first to describe unit leadership and climates for implementation in maternal–infant health. To improve outcomes and equity in maternal–infant health, attention on leadership behaviours and unit climates for evidence‐based practice implementation is needed.

Implications for the Profession

Nurse leaders are encouraged to evaluate their leadership behaviours and the unit climates they facilitate, and work to improve areas of concern or where staff perceptions differ. Staff nurses should work with their leaders to identify resources and rewards/recognition which support and facilitate EBP implementation.

Impact

This study addressed a gap in research examining the social dynamic factors of unit leadership and climate for evidence‐based practice implementation in maternal–infant units. Leadership behaviours for implementation and unit climate were rated moderately by both staff and leaders. Unit leaders rated their implementation leadership and climates higher in almost all items. This study is relevant to unit leaders and nurses in maternal–infant units in the United States.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The Impact of Exposure Dosage and Host Genetics on the Shedding Kinetics of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Jones Darbi R. , Everson Jeremy , Leeds Timothy D. , Wiens Gregory D. , Wargo Andrew R.
Published: October 2024

Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD), is one of the leading pathogens in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture. To date, there is little knowledge of the transmission kinetics of F. psychrophilum over the course of infection. In particular, how transmission is affected by host genotype and pathogen exposure dosage are not well studied. In order to fill in these knowledge gaps, we exposed two divergently selected lines of rainbow trout (ARS‐Fp‐R and ARS‐Fp‐S) to a range of dosages of F. psychrophilum (strain CSF117‐10). We then measured mortality and bacterial shedding to estimate transmission risk at multiple time points since initial infection. As dosage increased, the number of fish shedding and the amount of bacteria shed increased ranging from 0% to 100% and 103 to 108 cells fish−1 h−1, respectively. In addition, we found that disease resistance (survival) was not correlated with transmission risk blocking, in that 67% of fish which shed bacteria experienced no clinical disease. In general, fish mortality began on Day 3, peaked between Days 5–7 and was higher in the ARS‐Fp‐R line. Results from this study could be used to develop epidemiological models and improve disease management, particularly in the context of aquaculture and selective breeding.
Relationships Between Quality of Discharge Teaching, Readiness for Hospital Discharge, Self‐Efficacy and Self‐Management in Patients With First‐Episode Stroke: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Li Shuang , Chen Ran , Zhang Lihong , Li Hui , Gong Yiqiu , Hang Yanfeng , Cao Jie , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2024

Aims

The study investigated the influence of quality of discharge teaching (QDT) on readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) and pathways involved in patients with first‐episode stroke, aiming to provide a theoretical framework for enhancing RHD levels and reducing readmission rates.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A total of 372 inpatients completed the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, Chronic Disease Self‐efficacy Scale and Southampton Stroke Self‐Management Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling and Pearson's correlation analysis were utilised to elucidate relationships and action pathways among these variables.

Results

The correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive pairwise correlations between QDT, RHD, self‐efficacy and self‐management (r = 0.376–0.678, p < 0.01). The final model exhibited a good fit with the following indices: χ2/df = 3.286, RMSEA = 0.078, SRMR = 0.0303, GFI = 0.984, AGFI = 0.926, CFI = 0.991 and TLI = 0.970. The impact of QDT on RHD in patients with first‐episode stroke was observed through one direct and three indirect pathways: (1) QDT exerted a direct influence on RHD (p < 0.001); (2) QDT indirectly influenced RHD via self‐efficacy (p < 0.001); (3) QDT indirectly affected RHD through self‐management (p < 0.001); and (4) QDT had an indirect effect on RHD via both self‐efficacy and self‐management (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

QDT was found to directly influence RHD in patients with first‐episode stroke and also exerted indirect effects through self‐efficacy and self‐management, either independently or in combination. Early screening of RHD levels in patients before discharge is recommended, along with the enhancement of QDT through the development of tailored guidance plans according to different disease stages, ultimately improving RHD levels and facilitating a safer transition from hospital to home or community.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Healthcare professionals should assess both QDT and RHD levels to provide targeted interventions. The establishment of transitional care teams and implementation of long‐term poststroke management are essential for reducing stroke recurrence and mortality rates.
Analysis of the Incidence and Factors Influencing Medication Administration Errors Among Nurses: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Bingyu , Yue Liqing , Peng Huan , Chen Xiuwen , Sohaib Muhammad , Peng Bin , Zhang Tiange , Zou Weizhen
Published: October 2024

Aims

To explore the incidence and factors influencing medication administration errors (MAEs) among nurses.

Background

Medication administration is a global concern for patient safety. Few studies have assessed the incidence of MAEs or explored factors that considered the interplay between behaviour, the individual and the environment.

Methods

This retrospective study included 342 MAEs reported in the electronic nursing adverse event reporting system between January 2019 and September 2023 at a university‐affiliated teaching hospital in China. Data on nurses' demographics and medication administration were extracted from the nursing adverse event reports. The reports were classified according to the severity of patient harm. The causes of the 342 MAEs were retrospectively analysed using content analysis based on Bandura's social cognitive theory. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the proportion of medication errors and the distribution of subcategories.

Results

In total, 74.3% of MAEs were adverse events owing to mistakes and resulted in no harm or only minor consequences for patients. Nurses aged 26–35 years and those with 6–10 years of experience were the most common groups experiencing MAEs. Factors influencing MAEs included personal (‘knowledge and skills’ and ‘physical state’), environmental (‘equipment and infrastructure,’ ‘work settings’ and ‘workload and workflow’) and behavioural (‘task performance’ and ‘supervision and communication’) factors. The study further highlighted the interrelationships among personal, behavioural and environmental factors.

Conclusion

Multiple factors influence MAEs among nurses. Nurse‐related MAEs and the relationship between behaviours, individual factors and the environment, as well as ways to reduce the occurrence of MAEs, should be considered in depth.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Understanding the factors influencing MAEs can inform training programs and improve the clinical judgement of healthcare professionals involved in medication administration, ultimately improving patient prognoses and reducing MAEs.

Patient or Public Contribution

The findings can help develop clinical guidelines for preventing MAEs.
The Relationship Between Nurses' Digital Health Literacy and Their Educational Levels, Professional Roles, and Digital Attitudes: A Cluster Analysis Based on a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Comparcini Dania , Simonetti Valentina , Tomietto Marco , Pastore Francesco , Totaro Melania , Ballerini Patrizia , Trerotoli Paolo , Mikkonen Kristina , Cicolini Giancarlo
Published: October 2024

Aim

The current study aimed to identify digital health literacy levels among nurses with respect to their education, role and attitude towards digital technologies.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Through convenience sampling, all Registered Nurses, managers/leaders and nurse researchers employed in Hospitals, University Hospitals and Districts were recruited and surveyed using an online questionnaire. The data collection tool assessed: (I) demographics, (II) Digital Health Literacy (DHL) with the Health Literacy Survey19 Digital (HLS19‐DIGI) instrument including DHL dealing with digital health information (HL‐DIGI), interaction with digital resources for health (HL‐DIGI‐INT) and use of digital devices for health (HL‐DIGI‐DD); (III) attitudes on the use of digital technologies in clinical practice. The multiple correspondence analysis was applied to identify three clusters for the education/professional role (A, B, C) and three for digital technologies' use (1, 2, 3). The one‐way nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal–Wallis test) was applied to compare HL‐DIGI, HL‐DIGI‐INT and the HL‐DIGI‐DD scores among clusters.

Results

Among 551 participants, the median scores of the HL‐DIGI, the HL‐DIGI‐INT and the HL‐DIGI‐DD questionnaires were 70.2, 72 and 2.00, respectively. The distribution in the clusters ‘educational/professional role’ was A, (58.8%); B, (16.5%); and C, (24.7%). Nurses in a managerial or coordinator role and with a postgraduate degree used digital resources with greater frequency. The distribution in the clusters ‘use of digital technologies’ was: 1, (54.6%); 2, (12.2%); and 3, (33.2%). The HL‐DIGI‐DD and HL‐DIGI scores of clusters 1, 2 and 3 differed significantly.

Conclusion

DHL among nurses is strongly influenced by the education level, professional role, habits and attitude towards digital technologies. Nurses with coordinator roles used digital technologies with greater frequency and had a higher level of DHL.

Reporting Method

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were used for reporting.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Trial Registration: Local Ethical Committee of the Polyclinic of Bari (code: DHL7454, date: 21/09/22)
Preventing Bleaching in Tropical Corals by Using Thermally Resilient Symbiont Zooxanthellae: All Hands‐On Deck!
Authors: Thatje Sven
Published: October 2024

The current rapid climate warming is expected to cause an ocean temperature increase of 3°C–5°C by 2100, leading to deoxygenated and acidified tropical seas. Without mitigation measures, the total loss of tropical corals is inevitable. Already, one‐third of tropical reefs are considered permanently lost. Coral bleaching initiated by the loss of symbionts, the photosynthetic zooxanthellae, is the main process whereby corals respond to thermal stress, followed by recovery. However, increased thermal stress and frequency of bleaching have caused widespread coral recovery failure. Zooxantheallae of the genus Symbiodinium are considered the thermally vulnerable part of the coral symbiosis. In recent decades, warming has displaced genotypes of lower thermal resilience to subtropical latitudes; few genotypes of higher temperature tolerance remain abundant in tropical seas, but these will not withstand warming predictions either. Interestingly, high temperatures in the Red Sea have selected for exceptionally heat‐resistant coral genotypes and for the highest known thermal resilience in endemic zooxanthellae at the same time. Actions to overcome the coral bleaching crisis have been proposed by combining coral ecophysiology and mass culturing of thermally resilient Red Sea symbionts for naturalisation to the global tropical ocean, including restoration of collapsed reefs using corals with thermally resilient symbiont genotypes.
Predictive model for the risk of paediatric intensive care utilization in children with medical complexity: A longitudinal retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pérez‐Ardanaz Bibiana , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Laura , Gómez‐González Alberto José , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel , Montero‐García Antonio , León‐Campos Álvaro
Published: October 2024

Background

Children with medical complexity (CMC) are at increased risk of admission in intensive care. Despite improvements in mortality rates, there remains a burden of morbidity, long‐term health care needs and hospital readmissions. Beyond clinical factors, socio‐demographic determinants could impact utilization of acute services.

Aim

To identify risk factors that can differentiate CMC who are admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Study Design

A 6‐year longitudinal retrospective cohort study evaluated clinical, socio‐demographic and health care utilization.

Results

A total of 248 CMC were included, with a median age of 13 years (9.75–17.00). Intensive care admission rate was 47.2%. The risk of PICU admission was higher for children undergoing surgical interventions (HR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.34–1.86, p < .001) and those using medical devices (HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.54–2.13, p < .001). Mother's higher educational level was a protective factor (HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.55–0.79, p < .001). Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between risk of admission and the presence of malignancy, comorbidities, home medical devices, surgical procedures and higher health care utilization. Children's age and higher maternal educational level acted as protective factors.

Conclusion

Socio‐demographic factors should be considered in the provision of care to CMC. Individualized assessments to guide supportive interventions adapted to socio‐economic factors may prevent PICU admissions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study highlights the importance of integrating individualized assessments of socio‐demographic risk factors, such as maternal educational level, into the clinical practice of paediatric nurses. Moreover, targeted interventions, including educational resources and community support programmes, may optimize care.
CRISPR/Cas9 and Anther Culture for Precision Double Haploid Line Production in Controlled Environments
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Pandey Himanshu , Misra Varucha , Kumar Rajeev , Vashishth Amit , Devadas V. S. , Mall A. K. , Ashutosh  , Raghvan Megha , Kesavan Ajith Kumar , Chaturvedi Vishva Deepak
Published: October 2024

The development of mapping populations and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis face constraints, in crops exhibiting male sterility and self‐incompatibility under field conditions. Addressing these challenges requires the integration of advanced techniques, including the temporal alteration or excision of centromere histone H3 (CENH3) protein and the use of gene editing tools such as MATRILINEAL (MTL) knockout. Specifically, this can be achieved through Cas9/gRNA‐mediated mutagenesis or Cas9/gRNA‐driven promoter expression systems. These technologies offer efficient means to advance mapping populations and QTL analysis in male sterile and self‐incompatible crops within controlled ecosystems. The doubled haploid (DH) mapping population, traditionally requiring 3 years of generation time via anther culture method, can now be expedited to 2–3 years of generation time using gene editing techniques within controlled environmental systems. Notably, DH mapping populations can be efficiently generated in various crops, including rice, wheat, maize, barley and oats by leveraging gene editing tools. Among these tools, the novel approach of CENH3 protein temporal alteration/excision emerges as highly efficient compared to MTL knockout using Cas9/gRNA‐mediated mutation or Cas9/gRNA promoter expression. However, further investigation is warranted to optimise the regeneration of double haploid populations and enhance QTL analysis in male sterile and self‐incompatible crops under controlled systems.
Temperature sensitivity of the mineral permafrost feedback at the continental scale
Authors: Walsh Ella V. , Hilton Robert G. , Tank Suzanne E. , Amos Edwin
Published: October 2024

Oxidative weathering of sulfide minerals in sedimentary rocks releases carbon dioxide (CO
2
) into the atmosphere. In permafrost zones, this could be a positive feedback on climate change if it increases with warming, yet sulfide oxidation rates and their temperature response remain unknown over large spatial and temporal scales. We analyze a 60-year sulfate concentration dataset from catchments across the Mackenzie River Basin. Sulfate fluxes increased by 45% in the mainstem with 2.3°C of warming, and the temperature sensitivity suggests that continental-scale CO
2
fluxes could double by 2100. The largest increases occur in catchments with geomorphic settings which act to rapidly expose rocks through physical weathering and thermokarst processes. Comparisons with a weathering model suggest that warming can increase reaction rates, and changes in the exposure of minerals with warming are also required. Future warming across vast Arctic landscapes could further increase sulfide oxidation rates and affect regional carbon cycle budgets.
Supplemental Material: How does a soft collision orogen uplift and collapse? Insight from the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Wang Honghui , Ma  , al. et
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Text S1, Figure S1, and Tables S1–S9.
Astrophysical Tests of General Relativity
Authors: Zakharov A. F.
Published: October 2024

At the initial stage of its development, general relativity (GR) was verified and confirmed in a weak gravitational field limit. However, with the development of astronomical observation technologies, GR predictions in a strong gravitational field began to be discussed and confirmed, such as the profile of the X-ray iron $$K\alpha $$ line (in the case if the emission region is very close to the event horizon), the trajectories of stars near black holes and the shapes and sizes of shadows of supermassive black holes in M87* and Sgr A*. In 2005 it was predicted that a shadow formed near a supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center could be reconstructed from observations of ground based global VLBI system or ground—space interferometer acting in mm or sub-mm bands. In 2022 this prediction was confirmed since the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration reported about a shadow reconstructions for Sgr A*. In 2019 the EHT collaboration presented the first image reconstruction around the shadow for the supermassive black hole in M87. In 2021 the EHT collaboration constrained parameters (“charges”) of spherical symmetrical metrics of black holes from an allowed interval for shadow radius. In 2022 the EHT collaboration constrained charges of metrics for the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center. Earlier, we obtained analytical expressions for the shadow radius as a function of charge (including a tidal one) in the case of Reissner–Nordström metric. Based on results of the shadow size evaluation for M87* done by the EHT collaboration we constrained a tidal charge. We discussed opportunities to use shadows to test alternative theories of gravity and alternative models for galactic centers.
Quiescent optical solitons with Kudryashov’s generalized quintuple-power law and nonlocal nonlinearity having nonlinear chromatic dispersion with generalized temporal evolution by enhanced direct algebraic method and sub-ODE approach
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , El-Shater Mona , Arnous Ahmed H. , Yıldırım Yakup , Hussein Layth , Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad , Veni S. Saravana , Biswas Anjan
Published: October 2024

Revisiting the study of quiescent optical solitons with quintuple-power-law self-phase modulation and nonlinear chromatic dispersion is the focus of the current paper. The soliton solutions to the model are revealed through the intermediary Jacobi’s elliptic functions using the enhanced direct algebraic method. The intermediary Weierstrass’ elliptic functions are used by the sub-ODE approach to reveal such quiescent soliton solutions.
Reflection and transmission amplitudes in a digital quantum simulation
Authors: Mussardo Giuseppe , Stampiggi Andrea , Trombettoni Andrea
Published: October 2024

In this paper we show how to measure in the setting of digital quantum simulations the reflection and transmission amplitudes of the one-dimensional scattering of a particle with a short-ranged potential. The main feature of the protocol is the coupling between the particle and an ancillary spin-1/2 degree of freedom. This allows us to reconstruct tomographically the scattering amplitudes, which are in general complex numbers, from the readout of one qubit. Applications of our results are discussed.
Imam Ghazali on Money
Authors: Azmat Saad
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I explore Imam Ghazali’s concept of money and then extend those concepts to explain his ideas regarding ‘Riba’ (interest). In this paper I examine those aspects of Imam Ghazali’s ideas which were overlooked by previous studies. This paper argues that Imam Ghazali views a particular purpose of money, which involves the medium of exchange and a just unit of account while he criticizes the store of value function of money. I also examine the multiple symbols that Imam Ghazali uses to make the point, for example, money as a just ruler, or a mirror that reflects light but has no light of its own. This enables us to further elucidate the crux of Imam Ghazali’s argument which is that money loses its essential nature when store of wealth function become predominant. I also examine the text of the most important passages related to money in Imam Ghazali’s work to support the main arguments in the paper.
Application of Precision Agriculture Technologies for Sustainable Crop Production and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Getahun Sewnet , Kefale Habtamu , Gelaye Yohannes
Published: October 2024

Precision agriculture technologies (PATs) transform crop production by enabling more sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. These technologies utilize data‐driven approaches to optimize the management of crops, soil, and resources, thus enhancing both productivity and environmental sustainability. This article reviewed the application of PATs for sustainable crop production and environmental sustainability around the globe. Key components of PAT include remote sensing, GPS‐guided equipment, variable rate technology (VRT), and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Remote sensing and drones deliver high‐resolution imagery and data, enabling precise monitoring of crop health, soil conditions, and pest activity. GPS‐guided machinery ensures accurate planting, fertilizing, and harvesting, which reduces waste and enhances efficiency. VRT optimizes resource use by allowing farmers to apply inputs such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides at varying rates across a field based on real‐time data and specific crop requirements. This reduces over‐application and minimizes environmental impact, such as nutrient runoff and greenhouse gas emissions. IoT devices and sensors provide continuous monitoring of environmental conditions and crop status, enabling timely and informed decision‐making. The application of PAT contributes significantly to environmental sustainability by promoting practices that conserve water, reduce chemical usage, and enhance soil health. By enhancing the precision of agricultural operations, these technologies reduce the environmental impact of farming, while simultaneously boosting crop yields and profitability. As the global demand for food increases, precision agriculture offers a promising pathway to achieving sustainable crop production and ensuring long‐term environmental health.
A Mathematical Model of Tumor‐Immune and Host Cells Interactions with Chemotherapy and Optimal Control
Authors: Dinku Tarekegn , Kumsa Boka , Rana Jyotirmoy , Srinivasan Aiyappan
Published: October 2024

In this article, we propose the interaction of tumor cells with the immune system in the presence of chemotherapy. The existence, uniqueness, non‐negativity, and boundedness of the solutions have been established. The conditions for the existence and stability of equilibrium points have been presented in both drug‐free and treated systems. The local stability of the co‐existing equilibrium point is proved using the Routh–Hurwitz rule, and the global stability is proved using the Lyapunov function. We have used quadratic optimal control to minimize the number of tumor cells and the side effects of chemotherapy on the immune system and healthy cells. We have demonstrated the existence of optimal control and derived the corresponding optimality system using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The optimal system is solved using the forward‐backward sweep method with fourth‐order Runge–Kutta approximation. Reduction in tumor cell growth has been observed due to the increase in recruitment of immune cells activated by tumor cell antigenicity and the rate of conversion of resting immune cells into active immune cells. Additionally, the impact of administering varying chemotherapy doses on reducing tumor cell growth has been noted. Finally, a comparison between controlled and uncontrolled dynamics has been conducted to comprehend the effect of optimal control.
Integrative Review of the Impact of Coworker Support on Nurses’ Job Motivation: Associations with Job Satisfaction, Stress, and Intention to Stay
Authors: Dijkshoorn-Albrecht Wianda , Six Frederique , Vermeulen Hester , Meijerink Jeroen
Published: October 2024

Background. Staff shortages in healthcare, especially nurses, are a worldwide problem with negative effects for both nurses and patients. Supporting nurses is important for job motivation and to strengthen connectedness and intention to stay. Extensive research has been performed in the past on managerial support, but this is not the case for coworker support for nurses. Therefore, it is important to gain knowledge about areas of focus of coworker support impacting nurses’ motivation to prevent the loss of motivation and turnover. Aim. To provide an overview of the current insights regarding coworker support’s impact on nurses’ motivation. Evaluation. A review was conducted using three computerized databases, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. A total of 15 studies matched the inclusion criteria (association between nurses’ motivation and perceived coworker support and participants fulfilling the role of nurse). Coworker support was one of the main focuses of the included papers. Review Methods. Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) method of the integrative literature review was used, together with the critical appraisal tool by Hawker et al. (2002) to guide the methodological rigor appraisal of the included research studies. Result. Three main themes regarding associations related to the effect of perceived coworker support on nurses were identified, namely, job satisfaction, intention to stay, and stress. Conclusions. This review shows multiple areas of focus where coworker support is important for the perceived support of nurses, with emphasis on job satisfaction, intention to stay, and stress. Support foresees job satisfaction. With the intention to stay, the effect of experienced support is especially seen among the newly qualified nurses, where lack of support increases the likelihood of leaving their jobs prematurely. Experienced support from coworkers also has a stress‐reducing effect. Implications for Nursing Forum. Support from coworkers is essential for nurses, as it has a positive effect on work satisfaction, intention to stay, and stress reduction. It is important to create a work environment that offers room for coworker support.
Generalizing the Black and Scholes Equation Assuming Differentiable Noise
Authors: Hausken Kjell , Moxnes John F.
Published: October 2024

This article develops probability equations for an asset value through time, assuming continuous correlated differentiable Gaussian distributed noise. Ito’s (1944) stochastic integral and a generalized Novikov’s (1919) theorem are used. As an example, the mathematical model is used to generalize the Black and Scholes’ (1973) equation for pricing financial instruments. The article connects the Kolmogorov (1931) probability equation to arbitrage and to how financial instruments are priced, where more generally, the mathematical model based on differentiable noise may improve or be an alternative for forecasts. The article contrasts with much of the literature which assumes continuous nondifferentiable uncorrelated Gaussian distributed white noise.
Formação do pensamento jurídico brasileiro: uma viagem pela Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito
Published: October 2024

Este volume reúne trabalhos realizados pelos alunos da disciplina optativa do curso de graduação em Direito “Introdução Histórica à Moderna Teoria do Direito”, no Largo São Francisco. São comentários a textos de um importante acervo das ideias jurídicas brasileiras: a Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. Temos aqui, de um ponto de vista paulista, um microcosmo importante da transformação das ideias jurídicas no Brasil nos últimos dois séculos, passando por diversas linhagens da filosofia e teoria do direito (do jusnaturalismo e do formalismo jurídico oitocentista até as correntes sociológicas, realistas e pluralistas do século XX), diferentes campos da sociedade (família, economia, política), transições ideológicas (idas e vindas do liberalismo) e novos ramos jurídicos que foram se especializando conforme o país passava do predomínio rural ao dinamismo urbano e industrial.
Abstract Mo009: Systems genetics approach identifies the genetic basis underlying anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Orgil Buyan-Ochir , Alberson Neely , Bajpai Akhilesh , Lander Morgan , Lu Lu , Towbin Jeffrey , Purevjav Enkhsaikhan
Published: October 2024

Background:
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACT) occurs in 57% of treated cancer patients. Effects of genetic variations to individual susceptibility to ACT is emerging. However, diverse lifestyle and environmental factors combined with small sample sizes in human cohorts remain as limitations to effectively clarify the genetic susceptibility to ACT. This study employed a murine genetic reference population (GRP) of BXD mice derived from crosses between DBA/2J and C57BL/6J strains for mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with doxorubicin (DOX)-induced traits using systems genetics methods.

Methods:
To model the variability in ACT to DOX, 56 BXD strains (N≥3 mice/sex, 3-4 month-old) were injected intraperitonially once with DOX (20 mg/kg). Survival and body weight (BW) were monitored daily for 10 Days (D). Echocardiography was performed before and on D5 after DOX. Genetic mapping was performed using WebQTL (www.genenetwork.org) and multi-criteria scoring was used for filtering candidate genes associated with DOX-induced traits.

Results:
Varied body weight loss, proportions and median survival rates were found among DOX-treated BXDs. Parental C57BL/6J strain had 100% survival, while 75% of DBA/2J mice survived on D10. Among BXDs tested, 47 strains had median survival of 6±1 D, with the lowest seen in BXD77 (4 D). Echocardiography revealed abnormal small heart and restrictive dysfunction in BXDs, resembling Grinch syndrome seen in ACT patients. A significant QTL (LRS = 17.11) at 86~94 Mb of Chromosome (Chr) 10 was identified (genome wide P < 0.05). Further filtering identified
Gnptab
,
Slc25a3
,
Uhrf1bp1l,
and
Chpt1
as top candidate genes associated with the survival of DOX-treated BXDs. Mapping of QTLs associated with echocardiography values and weight loss are in a progress.

Conclusions:
Survival, BW loss, and echocardiography parameters significantly varied among DOX-treated BXDs suggesting an influence of genetic background on expression of those traits.
Gnptab
,
Slc25a3, Uhrf1bp1l,
and
Chpt1
(Chr 10) are associated with DOX-induced survival traits in BXDs of GRP, suggesting that these genes are involved in modulating ACT severity in humans and require further functional and biological validation.
Abstract Mo010: Evidence for cardiomyocyte dysfunction in cancer-induced cachexia in mice
Authors: Dostal Christopher , Hackl Benjamin , Steiner Romy , Baydar Simge , GONG HENRY , Reiner J , Pokreisz Peter , Lilliu Elena , Pilat Nina , Abraham Dietmar , Kirk Jonathan , hallstrom seth , Ehler Elisabeth , Bakari Latifa , Riganti Chiara , Ghigo Alessandra , Wagner Erwin , Podesser Bruno , Koenig Xaver , Kiss Attila
Published: October 2024

Background:
There is currently no therapy targeting cancer-related cardiomyopathy and treatment of heart failure in the oncological setting is nonspecific. Moreover, cancer is often assocaited with cachexia and the pathophysiology of cancer-cachexia induced cardiac (dys)functions are not fully known.

Methods:
Colon-26 adenocarcinoma (C26; n=30) or shIL-6 (C26 shIL-6; n=30) cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the flank of syngeneic adult male BALB/cmice, meanwhile control mice were injected with PBS (n=25). Twenty days after the cells injection, cardiac function was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography,
ex vivo
isolated working heart methods. In addition, intracellular Ca
2+
transient and force-calcium relationships were assessed in isolated single ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs). Cardiac inflammation, metabolism and fibrosis were also assessed.

Results:
Despite that tumor size was comparable between the cancer groups, C26 group showed a loss of subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle confirming a cachectic phenotype in association with an elevation of serum IL-6 levels. Tumor-bearing mice groups show a tendecy towards to both LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Sarcomere dysfunction, including significantly reduced maximum calcium-activated tension (Tmax) and increased calcium sensitivity (decreased EC
50
) was found in skinned cardiomyocyte preparation from both tumor-bearing mice in compared to controls (p<0.05, respectively). Intracellular Ca
2+
transient was exclusively increased in CM isolated from cachectic mice, suggesting the SERCA2 upregulation. Infiltration of macrophage or T-cells, nor interstital fibrosis were difference. β-myosin heavy chain expression is upregulated in a cell autonomous fashion in C26 mice. Comprehensive energetic and metabolims analysis showed shift to a profound glucose metabolsim and reduction in fatty acid oxidation in LV samples. This was futher proven in h9c2 cells were incubated with C26 or shIL6 cell culture medium.

Discussion:
Our results suggest that LV dysfunction in cancer mice is associated with sarcomere dysfunction while additional abnormal intracellular Ca
2+
handling is solely present in mice with cachectic phenotype. These functional alterations are independent from changes in myocardial fibrosis and inflammation but may rely on the cardiac metabolism alterations. These data provide new insights into how cancer and cancer-cachexia impacts the cardiac performance even prior to cancer therapy treatments.
Abstract Mo013: Regulation of Ferroptosis by Wnt5a in the Heart: Implication in Cardio-Oncology
Authors: Fefelova Nadezhda , Sung Eun-Ah , Pamarthi Sri Harika , Piamsiri Chanon , Gwathmey Judith , Sadoshima Junichi , Xie Lai-Hua
Published: October 2024

Ferroptosis is an iron and lipid peroxidation dependent form of cell death. It has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). While Wingless-type family member (Wnt) pathways are crucial for heart development and remodeling, the role of Wnt5a in regulating ferroptosis in cardiac cells and its relevance to DIC remain unclear. In the present study, we investigate the role of Wnt5a signaling in cardiac ferroptosis and its implication in cardio-oncology. We observed an increase in Wnt5a secretion in H9C2 cardiac cells upon treatment with ferroptosis inducers such as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC 2 mM) and RSL3 (20 nM). Live/Dead viability analyses in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) revealed that the Wnt5a antagonist BOX5 (100 µM) attenuated ferroptosis induced by FAC or RSL3 in both CMs and CFs. Similarly, FAC- and RSL3-induced ferroptotic death rates were reduced in CMs from Wnt5a conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Recombinant Wnt5a (rWnt5a) induced CM death in a dose-dependent manner (5, 7, 10 µg/ml) and was partially prevented by Fer-1 (10 µM), a selective ferroptosis inhibitor. Moreover, rWnt5a (10 µg/ml) also effectively induced CF ferroptosis which was inhibited by Fer-1. rWnt5a and its mimicking peptide Foxy5 also modulated the sensitivity to various ferroptosis inducers. Furthermore, FAC-, RSL3- and rWnt5a-induced ferroptosis were attenuated in CMs from frizzled 2 receptor cKO mice. We further delineated the role of Wnt5a upregulation in Dox-induced ferroptosis and the development of DIC. In a chronic DIC mouse model, Wnt5a upregulation in the heart correlated with left ventricular dysfunction which was abrogated in Wnt5a cKO mice. Live/Dead viability analyses showed that Dox induced ferroptosis which was partially prevented by Fer-1 in CMs. Inhibition of the Wnt5a pathway by BOX5 led to a decrease in the rate of Dox-induced ferroptosis, while the sensitivity to ferroptosis was enhanced by rWnt5a. Our study has shown for the first time that the production and secretion of Wnt5a in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner promotes ferroptosis in CMs and CFs. Wnt5a is likely to be a critical mediator of Dox-induced ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity.
Abstract Mo018: Using a mitochondria-rich hiPSC-CM model to investigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Wu BinBin , Chen Jack , Kwok Maxwell , Ma Chloe , Poon Ellen
Published: October 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is commonly used to treat cancer but can induce severe cardiotoxicity by damaging the mitochondria. Dexrazoxane is clinically approved to protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DCT) but has been shown to reduce the anti-cancer efficacy of DOX and cause secondary neoplasm. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CMs) models have been used to study DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DCT), but some do not correctly recapitulate patient response to dexrazoxane. This was previously attributed to the low mitochondrial abundance of these cells and is a hurdle against the identification of new therapeutics against DCT. Our aim is to use our patient-derived, mitochondria-rich hiPSC-CM model to identify compounds which can protect against DCT. We first checked that our hiPSC-CMs recapitulate the cardioprotective effects of dexrazoxane. Using this validated model, we showed that compound I1 suppressed both the mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial damage induced by DOX, at levels that are comparable to that of dexrazoxane. However, unlike dexrazoxane and contrary to its effects in CMs, compound I1 was cytotoxic to a panel of cancer cell lines. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the divergent effects of CMs vs cancer cells is due the ability of compound I1 to inhibit two distinct molecular targets in the two cell types. Lastly, we validated that compound I1 can protect the heart in an in vivo mouse model of DCT. In summary, compound I1 offers the dual benefits of cardioprotection and tumour suppression and is potentially superior to conventional treatment. Our results provide important proof of principle that a single compound can be used to simultaneously target both the heart and cancer via different targets/pathways to improve clinical outcome.
Abstract Mo029: Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor improves cardiac hemodynamics and arrhythmogenesis in mitral regurgitation-induced heart failure—from bench to bedside approach
Authors: Chang Wei-Ting , Fisch Sudeshna , Liu Ping-yen
Published: October 2024

Background:
An effective pharmacological therapy yet exists to mitigate mitral regurgitation (MR) progression before surgical interventions. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) has shown benefits in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction but whether it can reduce degenerative MR induced HF remains unknown.

Aim:
To test the efficacy of ARNI in improving cardiac function in degenerative MR -induced HF.

Methods and Results:
Using a novel rat model of degenerative MR, we found that in degenerative MR rats treated with ARNI, left ventricular function and atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility significantly improved compared with those treated with valsartan only (fractional shortening 61.78±7.26% v.s. 55.07±6.63%). Also, the AF inducibility dropped from 83% to 25% in MR rats treated with ARNI than to 58.3% in those treated with valsartan. ARNI treatment demonstrated significant attenuation of fibrosis, apoptosis and expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory-associated proteins in left ventricular tissues compared to valsartan. In a shear stress model, the treatment of ARNI on cardiomyocytes mitigated the flow triggered activities of both ER released calcium signaling and store-operated calcium entry. Parallelly, we prospectively included 65 patients with degenerative MR receiving valsartan or ARNI and followed Holter electrocardiography and echocardiography. Notably, compared with degenerative MR patients receiving valsartan, those prescribed with ARNI demonstrated significant improvement of AF burden and left ventricular function.

Conclusions:
Degenerative MR-induced cardiovascular dysfunction including fibrosis and ER stress, were more effectively attenuated by ARNI treatment than by valsartan alone.
Abstract Mo038: Exploring clinically meaningful change in health-related quality of life and heart problems in a Black population: A Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)
Authors: Pierre-Louis Isabelle , Yang Chengwu , Kiefe Catarina , Forrester Sarah
Published: October 2024

Background:
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures quantify the impact of heart problems on HRQoL changes over time. Previous research has shown Black individuals are more likely to have negative HRQoL changes over time, compared to their White counterparts. However, little research has clarified how sex differences within Black populations, and perceived heart problems play a role in HRQoL changes using the minimal clinically important difference (MCID).

Hypothesis:
Black women reporting perceived heart problems will have a higher odds of clinically meaningful HRQoL decline over a 15-year period, compared to Black men with perceived heart problems.

Methods:
We used data from the longitudinal, multicentered study of 853 Black participants attending the years 15, 20, 25, and 30 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) examinations. Perceived heart problems were self-reported; HRQoL was measured through the 12-Item Short Form Survey consisting of mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component surveys. For the MCID, we used 0.5 standard deviation of the change score between Year 15 and 30, and then created a binary clinically meaningful decline variable. Mixed effects logistic regression models assessed the impact of race and perceived heart problems on HRQoL changes.

Results:
At year 30, 66% of women and 34% of men had a clinically meaningful decline in MCS. In PCS, 64% of women and 36% of men had a meaningful decline at year 30. After adjusting for heart problems and sociodemographic factors, Black men have a higher odds of a clinically meaningful decline between years 20 and 25 compared to years 15 and 20 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.99), but this significance was not found in women (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.46). We found no significance after adjustment for either men or women in PCS model.

Discussion:
Previous studies found Black women report lower HRQoL compared to Black men, but few adjust for the impact of heart problems, which are known to impact Black men more frequently. Finding perceived heart problems impact HRQoL changes overtime in Black men, could signify greater issues including lack of care for their heart conditions, and other psychosocial factors. More research may be necessary to understand this association.
Abstract Mo039: Risk of Structural and Hemodynamic changes in Left Atrium in Patients with Heart Failure undergoing Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Rawlley Bharat , Gupta Kartik , Bansal Kannu , Vaishnav Pratyaksh , Ochani Rohan Kumar , Khalid Subaina , Somerville Alexander , Cordova Sanchez Andres , Chaudhuri Debanik
Published: October 2024

Background:
Exclusion of left atrial appendage (LAA) in animals reduces compliance and increases left atrial pressure. We hypothesize that percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) would lead to structural and hemodynamic changes in left atrium and assess the risk using echocardiographic cut-offs used for evaluating left atrial pressure in heart failure patients.

Methods:
We queried TriNetx database for adult patients with heart failure undergoing percutaneous LAAO. We excluded those who underwent surgical or alternative percutaneous procedures pertaining to LAA, procedures pertaining to mitral valve (MV), mitral valvular pathologies, mechanical circulatory support placement, pacemaker placement, and those with left bundle branch block. We calculated risk of meeting echocardiographic cut-offs used in evaluation of left atrial pressure; MV maximum E-wave velocity ≥50cm/s, left atrial end systolic volume index (LAESVI) indexed to body surface area ≥34 ml/m2, Tricuspid Regurgitation systolic jet velocity ≥ 2.8 m/s, Pulmonary vein Systole/Diastole ratio ≤ 1, mitral valve lateral annulus E/e' ≥ 13 and Mitral valve E/A ratio ≥2. Those meeting the respective cut-off before LAAO were excluded. All diagnoses, procedures, and echocardiographic parameters were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Current Procedural Terminology, and Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes.

Results:
We identified 4,046 patients with heart failure undergoing percutaneous LAAO. Baseline demographics and diagnosis were; mean (SD) age 75.4 (8.1) years, 37% females, 92% hypertension, 67% ischemic heart disease, 42% diabetes mellitus, 41% chronic kidney disease, and 42% were overweight or obese. Risk of meeting echocardiographic cut-offs used in evaluating left atrial pressure was low with 0.24% (10) patients having LAESVI indexed to body surface area ≥34 ml/m2, Tricuspid Regurgitation systolic jet velocity ≥ 2.8 m/s, Pulmonary vein Systole/Diastole ratio ≤ 1, and Mitral valve E/A ratio ≥ 2. Risk of having MV maximum E-wave velocity ≥50cm/s was 0.58% and no patients had mitral valve lateral annulus E/e' ≥ 13. (Figure 1)

Conclusion:
Risk of meeting echocardiographic cut-offs used in evaluation of left atrial pressure in patients with heart failure undergoing percutaneous LAAO is low.