bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of accounting conservatism in corporate innovation
Authors: Bai Min , Kent Pamela , Kim Sujin , Li Shan
Published: October 2024

We provide evidence to determine whether conservative financial reporting is associated with firm‐level investments in innovation in China. We find that firms adopting a more conservative reporting policy invest substantially more in innovative projects. We also find that conservative reporting practices improve the association between executives' pay‐for‐performance and a firm's innovation efforts. The association between conservatism and firm‐level innovation is concentrated in firms that are in the non‐high‐tech industries, that have higher financial leverage and more product market competition. Our paper adds to public policy by providing evidence of the beneficial influence of accounting conservatism on higher innovation investment.
Gender diversity and corporate social responsibility performance: A critical assessment
Authors: Qian Wei , Rao Kathy , Deng Xin
Published: October 2024

Previous research predominantly used quantitative data to examine the relationship between female representation and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Little is known as to how female leaders drive CSR changes in practice. This study explores the complexities and paradoxes of gender roles in CSR engagement based on 20 in‐depth interviews with female leaders. We find that although gender traits from social roles are relevant, women leaders face considerable challenges in navigating the power dynamics prevalent in boardrooms when driving CSR initiatives. The pronounced power imbalance compels them to reframe CSR within the dominant board discourse and mobilise rhetorical and narrative strategies to acquire authority and alter power dynamics within board CSR decisions.
Large language models to facilitate pregnancy prediction after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Cao Ping , Acharya Ganesh , Salumets Andres , Zamani Esteki Masoud
Published: October 2024

We evaluated the efficacy of large language models (LLMs), specifically, generative pre‐trained transformer‐4 (GPT‐4), in predicting pregnancy following in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and compared its accuracy with results from an original published study. Our findings revealed that GPT‐4 can autonomously develop and refine advanced machine learning models for pregnancy prediction with minimal human intervention. The prediction accuracy was 0.79, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.89, exceeding or being at least equivalent to the metrics reported in the original study, that is, 0.78 for accuracy and 0.87 for AUROC. The results suggest that LLMs can facilitate data processing, optimize machine learning models in predicting IVF success rates, and provide data interpretation methods. This capacity can help bridge the knowledge gap between data scientists and medical personnel to solve the most pressing clinical challenges. However, more experiments on diverse and larger datasets are needed to validate and promote broader applications of LLMs in assisted reproduction.
Anti‐PD‐L1 chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell: Characterization and functional analysis
Authors: Yazdanpanah‐Samani Mahsa , Ramezani Amin , Sheikhi Abdolkarim , Mostafavi‐Pour Zohreh , Erfani Nasrollah
Published: October 2024

Like their natural counterparts, chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered cells are prone to suppression by inhibitory signals, such as PD‐L1, expressed by tumors or suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, they become impaired, resulting in immune cell exhaustion, tumor progression, and resistance to other therapies. In this study, we developed an anti‐PD‐L1‐CAR NK cell with efficient activity and a notable PD‐L1‐specific response toward tumor cell lines. The degranulation assay demonstrated that CD107a frequencies between the PD‐L1med and PD‐L1high groups and between Herceptin‐treated and non‐treated groups were not statistically different. Further investigation into NK cell characterization, considering different markers such as CD57, KIR2D, and CD25, revealed that the majority of the population are activated expanding NK cells. At the same time, immune checkpoint inhibitors, including PD‐1, PD‐L1, and LAG‐3, showed increased levels following activation and expansion. Regarding the efficient functional activity of PD‐L1‐CAR NK cells and the instinctive receptor balance‐based response of NK cells, this observation could point to the inhibition of NK cell overactivation or even higher cytotoxicity and cytokine production rather than exhaustion, especially in the case of healthy NK cells. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of the potential and challenges of using primary NK cells for CAR‐NK cell therapy.
Prevalence of Low FIB‐4 in MASLD‐Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Tan Darren Jun Hao , Tamaki Nobuharu , Kim Beom Kyung , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Aboona Majd Bassam , Faulkner Claire , Kench Charlotte , Salimi Shirin , Sabih Abdul‐Hamid , Lim Wen Hui , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Tay Benjamin , Teh Yiqing , Mok John , Nah Benjamin , Ng Cheng Han , Muthiah Mark , Kulkarni Anand V. , Lee Sung Won , Liu Ken , Loomba Rohit , Huang Daniel Q. ,   the Global Liver Cancer Consortium
Published: October 2024

Background

Major society guidelines recommend the fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) as the initial step to risk stratifying people with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aimed to evaluate the proportion of people with MASLD‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a low FIB‐4.

Methods

This cohort study included 613 consecutive adults (33% female) diagnosed with MASLD‐related HCC from January 2008 to August 2023 at seven international centres in Australia, India, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and the United States. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of participants with a low FIB‐4, defined as FIB‐4 < 1.3, or < 2 if age > 65 years, in people without cirrhosis.

Results

The mean (±SD) age and body mass index were 71 (±11) years and 27 (±7) kg/m2, respectively. Overall, 235 participants (38%) did not have known cirrhosis. The median FIB‐4 was 3.90 (IQR 2.42–6.42). A total of 78 participants (13%) had a low FIB‐4. Among participants without known cirrhosis (n = 235), 62 participants (26%) had a low FIB‐4. Participants with a low FIB‐4 had larger median total tumour diameter (p < 0.001) and lower median serum alpha‐fetoprotein (p = 0.005), compared to participants without a low FIB‐4. Cirrhosis was associated with lower odds of low FIB‐4, but not other factors such as male sex, type 2 diabetes, or obesity.

Conclusion

More than a quarter of those with MASLD‐related HCC without cirrhosis have a low FIB‐4. The proposed clinical care pathways may not identify these people for further evaluation.
Challenges and opportunities for open access book publishing: A perspective from a society publisher in the geosciences
Authors: Lunn Jenny , Lajtha Kate
Published: October 2024

The American Geophysical Union (AGU), a scholarly society serving the Earth and space sciences, has a conventional books portfolio with their publisher, Wiley, and a new partnership with the Geological Society of London for an open access (OA) book series. The latter serves authors who need (because of funding mandates) or want to publish OA and comes with added benefits, including a production workflow to facilitate faster times to online publication. Flexibility in how the costs of individual volumes can be covered aims to encourage uptake, but challenges lie ahead in ensuring that all authors can equitably choose OA for their book project. This commentary contributes to the collection in Area about the evolving OA books landscape, addressing many of the challenges described by Gandy, and describing the start of AGU's journey towards OA books. It brings a perspective from the sciences, where books are mostly large, edited volumes with many international contributors, many of them physical geographers. Their experiences of funding, motivation and recognition for contributing to books may be quite different to human geographers more familiar with the sole‐authored monograph format.
Same goal, different measures: Obscure transformation in Japan's food security policy (1970–2020)
Authors: Sasada Hironori , Ito Takayuki
Published: October 2024

For decades, the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture has implemented various measures to ensure a stable food supply, considering food security a top priority due to the increasing uncertainty of the global economy. However, the ministry's food security policy has evolved substantially with a disproportionate focus on the domestic production of specific food products. This policy change occurred without being widely recognized by the public, media, or intellectuals. Why has the Agricultural Ministry's policy changed even though its goal has remained the same? By applying both qualitative and quantitative research methods, we investigated the context behind this obscure policy transition. Our findings reveal that, contrary to conventional understanding, this policy shift occurred not so much due to political pressure from the agricultural sector, but mainly because of a change in the definition of a key policy concept (i.e., the food self‐sufficiency rate) in the late 1980s.
Haematopoietic cell transplantation for 106 infants and preschoolers with acquired and inherited bone marrow failures
Authors: Loth Gisele , Dumke Cilmara C. K. , Muratori Rafaella R. , Pelegrina Polliany D. , Peixoto Carolina M. A. , Bach Juliana L. M. , Nichele Samantha , Trennepohl Joanna P. , Koliski Adriana , Mousquer Rebeca T. G. , Rodrigues Adriana M. , Marchesini Rafael , Feitosa Margareth K. , Pilonetto Daniela V. , Gouvea Lara , Benini Fernanda M. L. , Pirolli Emanuele S. , Tutumi Rebeca A. F. , Lima Alberto C. M. , Pasquini Ricardo , Bonfim Carmem
Published: October 2024

Aplastic anaemia in infants and young children presents unique challenges due to high prevalence of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) in this age group. The objective of this study is assessing clinical characteristics and outcomes of haematopoietic cell transplantation in children ≤5 years with bone marrow failure syndromes. We analysied 106 patients (66% males), median age 4.6 years, including 40 with Fanconi anaemia (FA), 32 with Acquired Severe Aplastic anaemia (aSAA), 15 with Diamond–Blackfan Anaemia, 11 with Amegakaryocytic Purpura and 8 with other IBMFS. Molecular testing was limited (39%), with 25.4% confirmed genetically. Retrospective longitudinal study across three paediatric transplantation centres (1982–2020). Overall survival (OS) was 76.4% over a median 10‐year follow‐up. OS rates were similar between aSAA and IBMFS (FA 77.5%, other IBMFS 76.5%). Transplant‐related mortality (TRM) was lower in aSAA (9.4%) compared with IBMFS (16.2%). Recent years showed improved outcomes, with TRM declining post‐2010. Choice of stem cell source impacted OS, favouring bone marrow over umbilical cord, but showing encouraging results with haploidentical. Late complications were common, including endocrine‐metabolic issues and delayed neuropsychomotor development. Diagnosing and managing bone marrow failures in young children pose significant challenges. Despite advancements in transplant practices, ongoing vigilance and comprehensive care are necessary to improve long‐term survival rates.
Sequencing of therapy for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the era of novel drugs
Authors: Karsten Imke E. , Shumilov Evgenii , Schmitz Norbert , Lenz Georg
Published: October 2024

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive lymphoma, accounting for ~40% of all cases in adults. Whilst approximately two‐thirds of DLBCL patients can be cured by first‐line therapy, one‐third of patients are primary refractory or relapse after an initial response (r/r DLBCL). Recent advances in the treatment of DLBCL have been achieved by a plethora of novel drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), bi‐specific T‐cell engagers (BITEs), and CD‐19 directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapies. The increasing number of therapeutic options significantly improved the outcome of patients; however, the therapeutic algorithm has become increasingly complex. In this review, we provide an overview of novel therapies for DLBCL patients and potential treatment sequencing from first to second, third, and later lines.
The role of perspective‐taking in attenuating self‐group distancing in women managers
Authors: Bosak Janine , Kulich Clara , Paustian‐Underdahl Samantha C. , Dingli Rachelle Borg
Published: October 2024

Contrary to expectations about solidarity and sisterhood between women, women managers sometimes distance themselves from junior women in the workplace when facing identity threat, that is, the feeling that one's social identity—such as race or gender—is devalued or undermined. For example, women managers might distance themselves from lower status junior women by seeing themselves as more masculine and career committed than their junior women colleagues. To advance our understanding of how to combat self‐group distancing, the present research proposed and tested whether taking the perspective of junior women would attenuate these ingroup‐distancing tendencies in women managers. Findings from a field study and an experimental study indicated that women managers reported greater self‐distancing from junior women (on masculine trait perceptions) compared to women employees. As predicted, this effect was attenuated for women managers with high levels of perspective‐taking (Study 1) and for women who were experimentally led to take the perspective of junior women (Study 2). For ratings of career commitment and support for affirmative actions, we did not replicate the self‐ingroup distancing effect reported in the literature. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
A convexity‐constrained parameterization of the random effects generalized partial credit model
Authors: Hessen David J.
Published: October 2024

An alternative closed‐form expression for the marginal joint probability distribution of item scores under the random effects generalized partial credit model is presented. The closed‐form expression involves a cumulant generating function and is therefore subjected to convexity constraints. As a consequence, complicated moment inequalities are taken into account in maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the model, so that the estimation solution is always proper. Another important favorable consequence is that the likelihood function has a single local extreme point, the global maximum. Furthermore, attention is paid to expected a posteriori person parameter estimation, generalizations of the model, and testing the goodness‐of‐fit of the model. Procedures proposed are demonstrated in an illustrative example.
School ties and evaluation outcomes: Evidence from the Korean Basketball League
Authors: Choi Hoon , Kim Seik
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates whether evaluation outcomes are influenced by private information and subjective biases when appraisers and appraisees are socially connected. In the Korean Basketball League, school ties between referees and players are commonplace because a large proportion of referees were previously basketball players. Using data from six basketball seasons, we analyze the degree to which referees' decisions are affected when players and referees attended the same school. Our results suggest that players who play under referees with school ties are called for fewer fouls. We also find that the results are driven mainly by high school ties.
Early‐life threat and deprivation: Are children similarly affected by exposure to each?
Authors: Sayler Kristina , McLaughlin Katie A. , Belsky Jay
Published: October 2024

Extensive evidence documents negative consequences of adversity for children's development. Here, we extend such work by looking beyond average effects to consider variation in susceptibility to both threat and deprivation in terms of cognitive and social–emotional development, using an influence‐statistic methodology. Data come from the ongoing Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 14,541, 49.1% female, age range: 6 month to 12 year, race and ethnicity: 97.8% white, 0.4% black, and 0.6% other). With respect to anticipated associations of threat with problem behavior and of deprivation with cognition, results of this pre‐registered research revealed that a roughly equal proportion of children proved to be susceptible in a domain‐general manner (similarly influenced) and a domain‐specific one (dissimilarly influenced). Implications for intervention are considered.
Recognisable Neuroradiological Findings in Five Neurogenetic Disorders
Authors: Rosenblum Jessica , Meuwissen Marije , Jansen Anna C. , Oegema Renske , Reddy Nihaal , Mankad Kshitij , Sudhakar Sniya
Published: October 2024

The rate of discovery and increased understanding of genetic causes for neurodevelopmental disorders has peaked over the past decade. It is well recognised that some genes show marked variability in neuroradiological phenotypes, and inversely, some radiological phenotypes are associated with several different genetic conditions. However, some readily recognisable brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns, especially in the context of corresponding associated clinical findings, should prompt consideration of a pathogenic variant in a specific gene or gene pathway. As these conditions can often prove challenging to diagnose, a clinical suspicion of a specific disorder may be invaluable to guide and interpret genetic testing. This review focuses on five neurogenetic syndromes with recognisable brain findings that radiologists, paediatric neurologists, geneticists, and other specialists involved in neurodevelopmental disorders should be able to recognise in order to pinpoint the gene or gene groups involved and delve into their molecular mechanisms. The comprehensively reviewed conditions include DDX3X‐related neurodevelopmental disorder, Van Maldergem syndrome, NMDAR‐related disorders, EML1‐associated disorder and ARFGEF2‐related periventricular nodular heterotopia with microcephaly.
Comments on: Comparison of fluid and body composition measures in women with lipoedema, lymphoedema, and control participants
Authors: Pereira de Godoy Henrique Jose , Pereira de Godoy Jose Maria
Published: October 2024

Recently, we read with interest the article ‘Comparison of fluid and body composition measures in women with lipoedema, lymphoedema, and control participants’ by Stellmaker R, Thompson B, Mackie H, Koelmeyer L. Clin Obes. 2024:e12658, is very important study, but some considerations are necessary.
Rescue and return: Translocating a semi‐wild platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) population during the 2019 drought
Authors: Hawke Tahneal , Meagher Phoebe , Bino Gilad , Elphinstone Andrew , May Sarah , Lowe Arianne , Vogelnest Larry , Kingsford Richard T.
Published: October 2024

Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) are an endemic Australian freshwater mammal, impacted by synergistic threats across their range. During the extreme drought of 2017–2019, declining water levels threatened Platypus at Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve (TNR), Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia. TNR supports a population of Platypus, occupying interconnected ponds within a predator proof fence. During drought conditions in 2019, Platypuses could not move out of the fenced area to refugia as floodgates were closed due to low water levels. In winter of 2019, eight Platypuses were found deceased resulting from starvation. By December, water levels were extremely low and ponds were continuing to dry. Given these circumstances, a rescue intervention was undertaken to capture stranded Platypuses. They were temporarily relocated and housed at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, until they were returned when conditions at TNR improved. Seven Platypuses were rescued, with five successfully housed at Taronga for 5 months. One Platypus was lost after escaping from its enclosure and another Platypus died when trapped in a crevice. The Platypuses were returned after water levels increased at TNR and were monitored for 500 days post‐release, demonstrating successful repatriation. This case study outlines the key stages and considerations required for this intervention, providing critical information for rescue attempts on drought‐affected Platypus populations. There is a need to continue developing a decision framework for interventions of climate‐affected populations, including quantifying trigger thresholds and conservation prioritisation of populations. This will become increasingly necessary given the trajectories of habitat degradation, coupled with the increasingly frequent and severe droughts, expected under anticipated climate change scenarios.
How far should adjacent pan traps be placed for bee sampling?
Authors: McKinney Matthew , Karimzadeh Roghaiyeh , Park Yong‐Lak
Published: October 2024

Among several methods of active and passive sampling bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), pan traps, also known as bee bowls, are commonly utilized for their efficiency and as a means of avoiding collector bias. When comparing pan‐trap samples using traditional statistical methods, the assumption of independence among samples needs to be met. To determine the necessary distance between pan traps to obtain independent samples, we investigated spatial dependence in bee catches using pan traps at four sites. At each site, a regular grid of pan traps was laid out, with each sample having two colors of fluorescent trap (i.e. blue and yellow). These trap pairs were separated by 10 m, with 100–109 points in the grid. In addition, five points within the grid were chosen randomly, and an additional 40 traps were placed at 2 m and 4 m from the five sample points to sample bees at a minimum 2 m trap distance. Traps collected bees for five consecutive days and bees were counted for each point and each trap color. Bee count data were analyzed using geostatistics to determine the spatial dependency in trap catches for yellow traps, blue traps, and both colors combined. The highest value of the range parameter of the semivariogram found across the four sites and pan trap colors was 17 m for blue traps. From this, we recommend a conservative minimum distance of 17 m between adjacent pan traps to obtain spatially independent samples for optimizing sampling plans when independent samples are necessary.
Reducing Consumer–Brand Incongruity Through Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Trust: Exploring Negative Word‐of‐Mouth (NWOM)
Authors: Tosun Petek , Cagliyor Sandy Ipeker , Gürce Merve Yanar
Published: October 2024

Drawing upon consumer–brand disidentification theory and balance theory, this study examines symbolic and ideological incongruity in consumer–brand relationships through an original conceptual model shaped by negative past experiences, brand trust, perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR), and negative word‐of‐mouth (NWOM). A preliminary study was conducted to explore the dimensions of consumers' negative past experiences by topic detection. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling was undertaken to analyze online consumer reviews (n = 6095) about a coffee chain brand. The dimensions detected in this preliminary study were included in the research model and further analyzed in the main study. The main study, a cross‐sectional consumer survey (n = 522), tested the original research model by way of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) on SmartPLS. The findings showed that negative past experiences consisted of product‐related, service‐related, and technology‐related problems and negatively influenced brand trust. It was found that brand trust and perceived CSR negatively affected symbolic and ideological incongruity, while symbolic and ideological incongruity positively influenced NWOM. The findings provide empirical evidence for balance theory by showing that the three critical domains of consumer–brand relationships (ideological, symbolic, and experiential) provide a complex cognitive model that covers personal‐symbolic and moral‐societal aspects of consumer–brand disidentification and consequent NWOM intentions. In line with consumer–brand disidentification theory, the results contribute to the literature by demonstrating the direct negative impacts of brand trust and perceived CSR on symbolic and ideological incongruity, as well as the direct positive impacts of symbolic and ideological incongruity on NWOM.
Low‐temperature bubble formation in silica glass
Authors: Aaldenberg E. M. , Hufziger K. T. , Tomozawa M.
Published: October 2024

Phase separation was observed in silica glass following low‐temperature heat treatment in high water vapor pressure through the formation of bubbles. Although the 6 day diffusion treatment in saturated water vapor pressure at 250°C does not normally cause phase separation, the reactive fracture surface and subsurface damage caused by polishing with cerium oxide (CeO2) allowed for an increase in water absorption during treatment and heterogeneous nucleation of the bubbles at damaged sites. The sub‐surface damage, characteristic of blunt contact damage, was only revealed when the polished sample was etched. The formation of bubbles and polishing damage were observed in two silica glasses—one containing chlorine impurities and the other containing OH impurities. Raman spectra collected after fracture or polishing and water diffusion treatment demonstrated an increase in the abundance of –OH species including silanol (SiOH) groups and an evolution in the glass structure in the bubble regions compared with the bubble‐free regions. These results indicate an increase in the reactivity between water and glass fracture surfaces relative to the bulk.
Boron nitride: Novel ceramic reductant for low‐activity waste vitrification
Authors: Rigby Jessica C. , Marcial José , Pokorny Richard , Kloužek Jaroslav , Han Kee Sung , Washton Nancy , Ferkl Pavel , Hrma Pavel , Scrimshire Alex , Bingham Paul A. , Hall Mark , Eaton Will , Kruger Albert A.
Published: October 2024

During vitrification of radioactive wastes, excessive foaming reduces processing rates within melters by hindering heat transfer from the molten glass pool to the reacting melter feed. Formulations of low‐activity waste (LAW) melter feeds, for vitrification at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant at the Hanford Site, conventionally include the addition of sucrose to mitigate excessive foaming by hastening the denitration process. However, incomplete combustion of sucrose produces organics such as acetonitrile (C2H3N) that may exceed bounding limits of downstream effluent treatment facilities. Using boron nitride (BN) as an alternate reductant to sucrose, in a representative LAW melter feed reduced C2H3N production by 90% by preventing the low‐temperature sucrose–nitrate reactions. Furthermore, foaming was suppressed due to the higher decomposition temperature of BN than H3BO3 meaning a delayed reaction of a large fraction of boron with the transient glass‐forming melt until above the foam onset temperature, thus reducing the quantity and viscosity of the connected melt and trapping less gas in the foam layer.
Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Implementation of WHO iSupport for Dementia Program: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Xu Dingxin , Hu Xirong , Wang Jing , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Wang Jin
Published: October 2024

Aim

To explore the stakeholders' perspectives and develop a conceptual framework for promotion strategies to implement the iSupport‐based intervention for family caregivers of people with dementia.

Design

A descriptive qualitative design was adopted.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 49 stakeholders of people with dementia from July to December 2023. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was applied to guide the development of the interview guide, data collection and analysis. Directed content analysis was employed to identify facilitators and barriers, with data analysed based on the framework and the established its codebook. These findings were then summarised into a conceptual framework of critical components.

Results

The identified 16 barriers and 28 facilitators were distributed across all Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains. All facilitators and barriers were integrated into a conceptual framework guiding the implementation of iSupport. This four‐tier, eight‐component conceptual framework guides the global promotion of the web‐based dementia care model, covering state, society, hospitals, individuals and strategies. The components included comprehensive and balanced national medical guidelines, a friendly social culture, adequate hospital collaboration, cooperative healthcare workers, responsible family caregivers, a comprehensive intervention system, appropriate learning content and digital health support.

Conclusion

The ‘iSupport for Dementia’ program is seen positively for its potential to improve dementia care by providing mental and technical support to family caregivers. Successful implementation requires addressing barriers, enhancing facilitators and adapting to China's conditions and policies. Mobilising local healthcare resources and gaining stakeholder recognition is crucial. This approach may help develop a localised version of iSupport that suits the needs and habits of Chinese family caregivers, with the potential for broader dissemination.

Impact

The ‘iSupport for Dementia’ program could greatly improve dementia care in China by addressing barriers and utilising facilitators. This study offers critical insights for future policy development and effective implementation strategies.

Reporting Method

Adherence to the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research was maintained.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Perineal Techniques: A Scoping Review Applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Guo Yixuan , Huang Jing , Yang Zhifen , Gobena Genet , Zang Yu
Published: October 2024

Aim

To summarise the barriers and facilitators to the clinical implementation of perineal techniques and to provide evidence‐based insights for decision‐making based on existing research.

Design

A scoping review.

Data Sources

Nine electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, ProQuest, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and SinoMed) were systematically searched on 4 February 2024.

Review Methods

This study followed Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping review methodology. The barriers and facilitators identified in the included studies were mapped to the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of individuals and process.

Results

A total of 18 studies were finally included and analysed. The most frequently identified facilitator was theoretical education for midwives (inner setting). Common barriers included: lack of time to implement perineal techniques (intervention characteristics); labour pain and women's stress due to insufficient understanding of the birthing process, as well as women's reluctance to receive the perineal techniques (outer setting); risk factors for OASIS (inner setting); insufficient theoretical education for midwives and inadequate prenatal education for pregnant women (inner setting) and concerns about potential medical disputes among performers (characteristics of individuals).

Conclusions

Many of the factors influencing the implementation of perineal techniques identified in this review are modifiable. Developing implementation strategies based on these factors can promote the successful implementation of these perineal techniques in clinical settings.

Implications for the Profession

This scoping review could serve as a reference framework for health authorities in developing strategies to promote the use of perineal techniques in clinical practice.

Impact

Existing research has primarily focused on the outer setting, inner setting and characteristics of individuals implementing perineal techniques. Therefore, there is a need for more high‐quality studies focusing on intervention characteristics and the implementation process.

Reporting Method

This study followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.

Patient and Public Contribution

Not applicable.
Exploring the Challenges of Context in Accessing Mental Health Support in Rural New Zealand: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Ferris‐Day Philip , Harvey Clare , Minton Claire , Donaldson Andrea
Published: October 2024

Objective

This paper explores the complexities that impact access to mental health services in rural New Zealand. Historical, cultural, social and political factors will be examined against the philosophical positioning of Foucault and Fairclough.

Study Design

This research is a single‐embedded case study design exploring participants' discourses in the context of a rural, bounded geographical area of New Zealand.

Results

The results show that mental health support that addresses people's actual needs rather than the needs that governments map against ever‐changing policy is required and that an awareness of context within case study research is important.

Discussion

The process of case study design is described, including building upon a rationale for selecting the case, collecting data and conducting case analysis and interpretation. This study examines factors influencing the real‐life rural context of accessing mental health support. This article demonstrates that case‐study research can be valuable for navigating context complexity and developing nuanced understandings of complex phenomena.

Conclusion

The paper highlights how the multifaceted case study context is more than mapping discourses against a rural backdrop. It is necessary to consider the power dynamics that shape experiences and their impact on service creation and its consequent delivery.

Implications for Research Policy and Practice

Rather than services being created that are complex and not meeting people's needs, there is a need to listen to the people who have experienced mental health distress and provide services and support in locations other than clinical settings.
Papilla Access Tunnel Combined With the Laterally Closed Tunnel: A Technique for Treatment of Deep Gingival Recession in the Anterior Mandible
Authors: Allen Edward P. , Murphy Kevin G. , Sculean Anton
Published: October 2024

Objective

Treatment of gingival recession in the anterior mandible is more complex due to unique anatomic features including excessive tension due to frenal and muscle attachments, thin tissue, shallow vestibule, and narrow interdental space. These features are particularly limiting in the presence of deep recession and negatively impact the success most routine soft tissue grafting procedures. The recently proposed laterally closed tunnel combined the benefit of tension management from tunneling rather than incising papillae with lateral closure of deep recession to minimize the need for coronal advancement.

Clinical Considerations

This is an effective, although technically demanding procedure. This report presents a method of facilitating tunnel preparation by utilizing superficial papillary access incisions bilaterally in the papilla between the lateral incisor and canine. This papilla has the least tension and most robust interdental volume and blood supply. This incision creates a mini flap that facilitates tunnel dissection and graft placement.

Conclusion

Because the mini flap is used for graft insertion, the suturing for lateral closure can be performed before graft insertion. The result is reduced technical difficulty.
Data quality assessment of aggregated LCI datasets: A case study on fossil‐based and bio‐based plastic food packaging
Authors: Carlesso Anna , Pizzol Lisa , Marcomini Antonio , Semenzin Elena
Published: October 2024

Environmental impacts resulting from plastic food packaging, made from both fossil‐based and bio‐based polymers, are increasingly analyzed in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. However, the literature reveals significant variations in results for the same polymer within the same scope. To enhance the reliability of these assessments, data quality assessment (DQA) plays a relevant role. However, despite most of the LCA studies employing aggregated life cycle inventory (LCI) datasets, in the literature, DQA methods for aggregated processes are not available. To fill this gap, in this paper, a DQA for aggregated LCI datasets is proposed and demonstrated through its application to 101 aggregated LCI datasets, extracted from Ecoinvent and GaBi databases. The DQA method has been developed by adapting and integrating the pedigree matrix and the data quality ranking proposed by the recently published EC Plastic LCA method. The three data quality indicators (DQIs) used are technological, geographical, and time‐related representativeness. The application of this method exhibits an overall positive evaluation of the selected datasets with differences among the three DQIs. Moreover, it highlights the role of metadata structure in adequately supporting a robust DQA. Indeed, in the absence of a common framework that defines, assesses, and provides access to data quality information, transparency must be assured by the operator in the metadata interpretation and related assumptions along the DQA process. Finally, although the proposed DQA method was developed for the plastic sector, its application can be extended to LCI aggregated datasets relevant to other sectors, materials, and products.
Costs of Adjustment, Portfolio Separation, and the Dynamic Behavior of Bank Loans and Deposits – Revised
Authors: Sigmund Michael , Wächtler Johannes
Published: October 2024

We revise the solutions of the dynamic optimization model of Elyasiani, Kopecky, and Van Hoose (1995), and show that the optimal policy function for the case of adjustment costs and no portfolio separation is a vector autoregressive model of order 1, and not of order 2. In addition, the empirical approach of Elyasiani, Kopecky, and Van Hoose (1995) is incorrect. The optimal policy functions for the no portfolio separation case have to be estimated with a panel vector autoregression model and not with a simultaneous equation approach. We also describe how the portfolio separation hypothesis can be tested empirically based on the correct policy functions.
Neurotrophic extracellular matrix proteins promote neuronal and iPSC astrocyte progenitor cell‐ and nano‐scale process extension for neural repair applications
Authors: O'Connor Cian , Mullally Rena E. , McComish Sarah F. , O'Sullivan Julia , Woods Ian , Schoen Ingmar , Garre Massimiliano , Caldwell Maeve A. , Dervan Adrian , O'Brien Fergal J.
Published: October 2024

The extracellular matrix plays a critical role in modulating cell behaviour in the developing and adult central nervous system influencing neural cell morphology, function and growth. Neurons and astrocytes, play vital roles in neural signalling and support respectively and respond to cues from the surrounding matrix environment. However, a better understanding of the impact of specific individual extracellular matrix proteins on both neurons and astrocytes is critical for advancing the development of matrix‐based scaffolds for neural repair applications. This study aimed to provide an in‐depth analysis of how different commonly used extracellular matrix proteins— laminin‐1, Fn, collagen IV, and collagen I—affect the morphology and growth of trophic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived astrocyte progenitors and mouse motor neuron‐like cells. Following a 7‐day culture period, morphological assessments revealed that laminin‐1, fibronectin, and collagen‐IV, but not collagen I, promoted increased process extension and a stellate morphology in astrocytes, with collagen‐IV yielding the greatest increases. Subsequent analysis of neurons grown on the different extracellular matrix proteins revealed a similar pattern with laminin‐1, fibronectin, and collagen‐IV supporting robust neurite outgrowth. fibronectin promoted the greatest increase in neurite extension, while collagen‐I did not enhance neurite growth compared to poly‐L‐lysine controls. Super‐resolution microscopy highlighted extracellular matrix‐specific nanoscale changes in cytoskeletal organization, with distinct patterns of actin filament distribution where the three basement membrane‐associated proteins (laminin‐1, fibronectin, and collagen‐IV) promoted the extension of fine cellular processes. Overall, this study demonstrates the potent effect of laminin‐1, fibronectin and collagen‐IV to promote both iPSC‐derived astrocyte progenitor and neuronal growth, yielding detailed insights into the effect of extracellular matrix proteins on neural cell morphology at both the whole cell and nanoscale levels. The ability of laminin‐1, collagen‐IV and fibronectin to elicit strong growth‐promoting effects highlight their suitability as optimal extracellular matrix proteins to incorporate into neurotrophic biomaterial scaffolds for the delivery of cell cargoes for neural repair.
The osteohistology of Orthosuchus stormbergi using synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography
Authors: Weiss Bailey M. , Dollman Kathleen N. , Choiniere Jonah N. , Browning Claire , Botha Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Orthosuchus stormbergi was a small‐bodied crocodyliform, representative of a diverse assemblage of Early Jurassic, early branching crocodylomorph taxa from the upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. The life history of these early branching taxa remains poorly understood, with only sparse investigations into their osteohistology, yet species like Orthosuchus have potential to inform about the macroevolution of growth strategies on the stem leading to crown crocodilians. In order to elucidate the growth patterns of Orthosuchus, we used propagation phase contrast X‐ray synchrotron micro‐computed tomography to virtually image the osteohistology of the postcrania of two specimens, including multiple elements from the type (SAM‐PK‐K409), and the femur of a referred specimen (BP/1/4242). In total, we scanned nine mid‐diaphyseal sections of the humerus, radius, ulna, radiale, femur, tibia, fibula, and a rib. We then compared our results to osteohistological sections of crocodylomorph taxa from the published literature. Our results show that the most predominant bone tissue type in Orthosuchus is lamellar, with a few patches of woven and parallel‐fibred bone. The type specimen contains four to five lines of arrested growth and the hindlimb elements present outer circumferential lamellae, whereas the referred specimen contains six to seven. Both specimens grew at similar rates, reaching adult skeletal body size at year four or five. The sectioned bones, most notably the radius and ulna, are comparatively thick walled and compact. Our virtual osteohistological sections are one of the first for an early branching crocodyliform, and the broad sample of skeletal elements makes Orthosuchus a key anchor point for understanding the plesiomorphic life history traits of the clade.
Effectiveness of Implant Therapy in Patients With and Without a History of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Annunziata Marco , Cecoro Gennaro , Guida Agostino , Isola Gaetano , Pesce Paolo , Sorrentino Roberto , del Fabbro Massimo , Guida Luigi
Published: October 2024

Aim

This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of implant therapy in patients with and without a history of periodontitis in terms of implant loss, peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), and occurrence of peri‐implant diseases.

Methods

The protocol of the present meta‐analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021264980). An electronic search was conducted up to April 2024. All prospective cohort studies reporting implant loss, MBL, and occurrence of peri‐implant diseases in both patients with a history of periodontitis (HP) and patients with no history of periodontitis (NHP) after at least 36‐month follow‐up were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the quality of the evidence was also assessed. A meta‐analysis was performed on the selected outcomes at the available follow‐up time points. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on follow‐up time, rate of progression and severity of periodontitis, and implant surface characteristics. Publication bias was evaluated using the Funnel plot and Egger's test.

Results

From 13 761 initial records, 14 studies (17 articles) were finally included. Eight studies had a low risk of bias level, and six had a medium risk of bias level. Meta‐analysis showed that HP patients had a significantly greater risk for implant loss (HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.28–2.40; p = 0.0005; I2 = 0%), MBL (MD: 0.41 mm; 95% CI 0.19, 0.63; p = 0.0002; I2 = 54%), and peri‐implantitis (3.24; 95% CI: 1.58–6.64; p = 0.001; I2 = 57%) compared to NHP, whereas no significant intergroup difference for peri‐implant mucositis was found. Subgroup analyses revealed a particularly greater risk for implant loss for HP patients over a ≥ 10‐year follow‐up (HR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.06–3.85; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) and for patients with a history of grade C (formerly aggressive) periodontitis (HR: 6.16; 95% CI: 2.53–15.01; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%). A greater risk for implant loss for stages III–IV (severe) periodontitis, and implants with rough surfaces was also found.

Conclusions

Within the limits of heterogeneous case definitions and methods of assessment, a history of periodontitis has been proved to significantly increase the risk for implant loss, particularly at long follow‐up (≥ 10 years) and in case of rapidly progressive forms (grade C), and for MBL and peri‐implantitis.
Potassium extrusion by plant cells: evolution from an emergency valve to a driver of long‐distance transport
Authors: Hmidi Dorsaf , Muraya Florence , Fizames Cécile , Véry Anne‐Aliénor , Roelfsema M. Rob G.
Published: October 2024

The ability to accumulate nutrients is a hallmark for living creatures and plants evolved highly effective nutrient transport systems, especially for the uptake of potassium (K+). However, plants also developed mechanisms that enable the rapid extrusion of K+ in combination with anions. The combined release of K+ and anions is probably an ancient extrusion system, as it is found in the Characeae that are closely related to land plants. We postulate that the ion extrusion mechanisms have developed as an emergency valve, which enabled plant cells to rapidly reduce their turgor, and prevent them from bursting. Later in evolution, seed plants adapted this system for various responses, such as the closure of stomata, long‐distance stress waves, dropping of leaves by pulvini, and loading of xylem vessels. We discuss the molecular nature of the transport proteins that are involved in ion extrusion‐based functions of plants and describe the functions that they obtained during evolution.