bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying group‐specific primers for environmental Heterolobosa by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Delafont Vincent , Mercier Anne , Barrouilhet Stéphanie , Mollichella Marie‐Laure , Herbelin Pascaline , Héchard Yann
Published: August 2022

Diversity of Heterolobosea (Excavata) in environments is poorly understood despite their ecological occurrence and health‐associated risk, partly because this group tends to be under‐covered by most universal eukaryotic primers used for sequencing. To overcome the limits of the traditional morpho‐taxonomy‐based biomonitoring, we constructed a primer database listing existing and newly designed specific primer pairs that have been evaluated for Heterolobosea 18S rRNA sequencing. In silico taxonomy performance against the current SILVA SSU database allowed the selection of primer pairs that were next evaluated on reference culture amoebal strains. Two primer pairs were retained for monitoring the diversity of Heterolobosea in freshwater environments, using high‐throughput sequencing. Results showed that one of the newly designed primer pairs allowed species‐level identification of most heterolobosean sequences. Such primer pair could enable informative, cultivation‐free assays for characterizing heterolobosean populations in various environments.
A histone H3K9 methyltransferase Dim5 mediates repression of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Jialong , Li Xiaotong , Lyu Xinxing , Liu Zhizhen , Zhao Hong , Jiao Xiangying , Zhang Weixin , Xie Jun , Liu Weifeng
Published: August 2022

Sorbicillinoids (also termed yellow pigment) are derived from either marine or terrestrial fungi, exhibit various biological activities and therefore show potential as commercial products for human or animal health. The cellulolytic filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is capable to biosynthesize sorbicillinoids, but the underlying regulatory mechanism is not yet completely clear. Herein, we identified a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase, Dim5, in T. reesei. TrDIM5 deletion caused an impaired vegetative growth as well as conidiation, whereas the ∆Trdim5 strain displayed a remarkable increase in sorbicillinoid production. Post TrDIM5 deletion, the transcription of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis‐related (SOR) genes was significantly upregulated with a more open chromatin structure. Intriguingly, hardly any expression changes occurred amongst those genes located on both flanks of the SOR gene cluster. In addition, the assays provided evidence that H3K9 triple methylation (H3K9me3) modification acted as a repressive marker at the SOR gene cluster and thus directly mediated the repression of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. Transcription factor Ypr1 activated the SOR gene cluster by antagonizing TrDim5‐mediated repression and therefore contributed to forming a relatively more open local chromatin environment, which further facilitated its binding and SOR gene expression. The results of this study will contribute to understanding the intricate regulatory network in sorbicillinoid biosynthesis and facilitate the endowment of T. reesei with preferred features for sorbicillinoid production by genetic engineering.
Estimating the abundance of a group‐living species using multi‐latent spatial models
Authors: Torney Colin J. , Laxton Megan , Lloyd‐Jones David J. , Kohi Edward M. , Frederick Howard L. , Moyer David C. , Mrisha Chediel , Mwita Machoke , Hopcraft J. Grant C.
Published: August 2022

Statistical models use observations of animals to make inferences about the abundance and distribution of species. However, the spatial distribution of animals is a complex function of many factors, including landscape and environmental features, and intra‐ and interspecific interactions. Modelling approaches often have to make significant simplifying assumptions about these factors, which can result in poor model performance and inaccurate predictions.

Here, we explore the implications of complex spatial structure for modelling the abundance of the Serengeti wildebeest, a gregarious migratory species. The social behaviour of wildebeest leads to a highly aggregated distribution, and we examine the consequences of omitting this spatial complexity when modelling species abundance. To account for this distribution, we introduce a multi‐latent framework that uses two random fields to capture the clustered distribution of wildebeest.

Our results show that simplifying assumptions that are often made in spatial models can dramatically impair performance. However, by allowing for mixtures of spatial models accurate predictions can be made. Furthermore, there can be a non‐monotonic relationship between model complexity and model performance; complex, flexible models that rely on unfounded assumptions can potentially make highly inaccurate predictions, whereas simpler more traditional approaches involve fewer assumptions and are less sensitive to these issues.

We demonstrate how to develop flexible spatial models that can accommodate the complex processes driving animal distributions. Our findings highlight the importance of robust model checking protocols, and we illustrate how realistic assumptions can be incorporated into models using random fields.
Gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement differentially contribute to ethanol intake, preference, and relapse‐like behaviour in four core genotypes mice
Authors: Sneddon Elizabeth A. , Rasizer Lindsay N. , Cavalco Natalie G. , Jaymes Asa H. , Ostlie Noah J. , Minshall Brianna L. , Masters Brianna M. , Hughes Michael R. , Hrncir Haley , Arnold Arthur P. , Radke Anna K.
Published: August 2022

Alcohol use and high‐risk alcohol drinking behaviours among women are rapidly rising. In rodent models, females typically consume more ethanol (EtOH) than males. Here, we used the four core genotypes (FCG) mouse model to investigate the influence of gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement on EtOH drinking behaviours. FCG mice were given access to escalating concentrations of EtOH in a two‐bottle, 24‐h continuous access drinking paradigm to assess consumption and preference. Relapse‐like behaviour was measured by assessing escalated intake following repeated cycles of deprivation and re‐exposure. Twenty‐four‐hour EtOH consumption was greater in mice with ovaries (Sry−), relative to those with testes, and in mice with the XX chromosome complement, relative to those with XY sex chromosomes. EtOH preference was higher in XX versus XY mice. For both consumption and preference, the influences of the Sry gene and sex chromosomes were concentration dependent. Escalated intake following repeated cycles of deprivation and re‐exposure emerged only in XX mice (vs. XY). Mice with ovaries (Sry− FCG mice and C57BL/6J females) were also found to consume more water than mice with testes. These results demonstrate that aspects of EtOH drinking behaviour may be independently regulated by sex hormones and chromosomes and inform our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms which contribute to EtOH dependence in male and female mice. Future investigation of the contribution of sex chromosomes to EtOH drinking behaviours is warranted. We used the FCG mouse model to investigate the influence of gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement on EtOH drinking behaviours, including the alcohol deprivation effect. Escalated intake following repeated cycles of deprivation and re‐exposure emerged only in XX mice (vs. XY). These results demonstrate that aspects of EtOH drinking behaviour may be independently regulated by sex hormones and chromosomes.
A randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery comparing interscalene block with either 10 ml or 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25%
Authors: Oliver‐Fornies P. , Gomez Gomez R. , Ortega Lahuerta J. P. , Carbonel Bueno I. , Gonzalo Pellicer I. , Ripalda Marin J. , Orellana Melgar C. E. , Fajardo Perez M.
Published: August 2022

The interscalene brachial plexus block is recommended for analgesia after shoulder surgery but it may cause hemidiaphragmatic dysfunction. We tested whether ipsilateral hemidiaphragmatic contraction was better after a smaller dose of local anaesthetic without impairing analgesic effect. We randomly allocated 48 adults to 10 ml or 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25% before arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The primary outcome was hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, defined as inspiratory thickness < 1.2 times expiratory thickness, measured by ultrasound 4 h after block. Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis was recorded for 6/24 vs. 23/24 supine participants after 10 ml vs. 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25%, respectively, and for 4/24 vs. 23/24 sitting participants, respectively, p < 0.001 for both. Pain scores after 10 ml injectate were not worse than after 20 ml injectate. Median (IQR [range]) morphine doses in the first 24 postoperative hours after 10 ml and 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.25% were 2 (0–6 [0–23]) mg vs. 1 (0–2 [0–11]) mg, respectively, p = 0.12. No participant had a complication after 10 ml interscalene levobupivacaine, whereas seven had complications after 20 ml levobupivacaine, p = 0.009. Hemidiaphragmatic function was better after 10 ml vs. 20 ml interscalene levobupivacaine 0.25% without impairing analgesia for 24 postoperative hours.
Surgical considerations in cystic fibrosis: what every general surgeon needs to know
Authors: Chetwood John D. , Volovets Anastasia , Sivam Sheila , Koh Cherry
Published: August 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multiorgan disease, which often affects the gastrointestinal tract. With improved CF specific therapies and multidisciplinary management, patients with CF are now living longer with a median life expectancy of around 50 years. This increased life expectancy has resulted in corresponding increase in presentations of the CF patient with comorbid surgical conditions that were never important considerations. Investigations and management of these conditions, such as distal intestinal obstruction syndrome and colorectal cancer warrant good clinical understanding of the unique challenges that CF patients present including chronic immunosuppression, impaired respiratory function and their multi‐organ dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to provide general surgeons with a contemporary update on the CF related surgical issues as they are likely to become increasingly involved in the care of these complex patients and form an integral part of the multidisciplinary team.
Unobserved heterogeneity in the productivity distribution and gains from trade
Authors: Dewitte Ruben , Dumont Michel , Rayp Glenn , Willemé Peter
Published: August 2022

Finding a good parametric approximation to the productivity distribution is a problem of general interest. This paper argues that heterogeneity in productivity is best captured by finite mixture models (FMMs). FMMs build on the existence of unobserved subpopulations in the data. As such, they are generally consistent with models of firm dynamics differing between groups of firms and allow for a very flexible distribution fit. Relative to commonly used parametric alternatives, we find that FMMs are the only distributions able to provide a sufficiently good fit to the data. A gains from trade exercise with Portuguese data reveals that only FMMs approximate the “true” gains reasonably well.
Self‐assessment and peer‐assessment of the psychomotor skills in preclinical prosthodontics: A prospective study
Authors: Ellakany Passent , El Tantawi Maha , Al‐Eraky Doaa M. , Aly Nourhan M. , Al‐Eraky Mohamed M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Students' self‐assessment and peer assessments are essential to understand the rubrics criteria and improve their psychomotor skills. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of self‐assessment score (SAS), peer‐assessment score (PAS) and teacher assessment score (TAS) on the final scores of the psychomotor skills of dental students in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course.

Materials and Methods

A prospective study included D2 students in a preclinical fixed prosthodontics course for two consecutive academic years from September 2017 to May 2019. Students' performance of various procedures over 14 sessions was assessed by SAS, PAS and TAS. Repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to assess differences between the three scores and control charts showed their change over time. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between two outcome variables: TAS and the total preclinical score and the explanatory variables: SAS, PAS, TAS, gender and GPA. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results

SAS had a significantly higher mean (80.21) than TAS (79.32) and PAS (78.58). SAS reached higher levels earlier than TAS and PAS. PAS had a stronger association with TAS than SAS (partial eta squared, η2 = 0.17 and 0.13), whereas SAS significantly predicted total preclinical score (p < .0001).

Conclusions

PAS helped develop the skills of dental students during training, while SAS had an impact on their total preclinical score. Different student‐centred activities are needed to support students' preclinical training in fixed prosthodontics courses.
Impact of development and recent‐onset epilepsy on language dominance
Authors: Marcelle Madeline , You Xiaozhen , Fanto Eleanor J. , Sepeta Leigh N. , Gaillard William Davis , Berl Madison M.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Reorganization of the language network from typically left‐lateralized frontotemporal regions to bilaterally distributed or right‐lateralized networks occurs in anywhere from 25%–30% of patients with focal epilepsy. In patients who have been recently diagnosed with epilepsy, an important question remains as to whether it is the presence of seizures or the underlying epilepsy etiology that leads to atypical language representations. This question becomes even more interesting in pediatric samples, where the typical developmental processes of the language network may confer more variability and plasticity in the language network. We assessed a carefully selected cohort of children with recent‐onset epilepsy to examine whether it is the effects of seizures or their underlying cause that leads to atypical language lateralization.

Methods

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare language laterality in children with recently diagnosed focal unaware epilepsy and age‐matched controls. Age at epilepsy onset (age 4 to 6 years vs age 7 to 12 years) was also examined to determine if age at onset influenced laterality.

Results

The majority of recent‐onset patients and controls exhibited left‐lateralized language. There was a significant interaction such that the relationship between epilepsy duration and laterality differed by age at onset. In children with onset after age 6, a longer duration of epilepsy was associated with less left‐lateralized language dominance. In contrast, in children with onset between 4 and 6 years of age, a longer duration of epilepsy was not associated with less left language dominance.

Significance

Our results demonstrate that although language remained largely left‐lateralized in children recently diagnosed with epilepsy, the impact of seizure duration depended on age at onset, indicating that the timing of developmental and disease factors are important in determining language dominance.
Crack initiation and growth simulations of functionally graded dental implant subjected to cyclic axial loads
Authors: Mohammadi Anari Ali , Selahi Ehsan
Published: August 2022

Two essential characteristics in designing dental implants are having high fracture resistance and being compatible with jawbone. One of the best implant choices to achieve this aim is titanium‐hydroxyapatite functionally graded (FG) material. Also, fracture of implants under cyclic loads is one of the most common causes of destruction of dental implants. However, the crack initiation location and growth path as well as the optimum material distribution for the FG implants are questions that have not been answered yet. The aim of this study was introducing a new and powerful numerical approach to predict the crack initiation behavior and progressive damage in the FG dental implants, subjected to cyclic axial loadings. The approach is developed by employing extended finite element method (XFEM) in ABAQUS software, Visual Studio, and FORTRAN Compiler. Also, the Python code was modified for crack growth modeling in fatigue fracture analysis based on Paris law. The result showed that the micro‐cracks below the outer surface of FG implant are created, due to the application of cyclic load, which is invisible. This research shows that FG implants with power factor less than 1 show much more resistance to crack growth under pre‐tightening and cyclic loadings.
Oral health impact of sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption among Korean adolescents
Authors: Sim EunBi , Sohn Woosung , Choi EunSil , Noh Hiejin
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of SSB consumption and the prevalence of oral symptoms in adolescents.

Methods

We analysed the data collected from the 2017 (13th) Korea Youth Risk Behaviour Web‐based Survey (KYRBWS). KYRBS collected beverage consumption data from 64,991 Korean adolescents. Self‐reported oral symptoms including sensitivity to food, sharp aches and pains in the teeth, and painful or bleeding gums were also collected. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to test the association between the frequency of SSB consumption and oral symptoms groups.

Results

It was found that Korean adolescents who consumed SSB at least once a week (94.4%) experienced more subjective oral symptoms (46.5%) even after controlling for confounding variables. In addition, as the frequency of SSB intake in adolescents increased, the subjective oral symptoms increased.

Conclusions

The results of this study clearly revealed that the SSB consumption impacted adolescents' subjective oral symptoms. Compared with those who did not consume SSBs, those who consumed SSBs showed increased for developing subjective oral symptoms.
Associations between perceived self‐efficacy and oral health behaviours in adolescents
Authors: Dolatabadi Samin , Bohlouli Babak , Amin Maryam
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Self‐efficacy is a strong health predictor as it affects patients' certainty about their ability to perform recommended behaviours to improve their health. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceived self‐efficacy and oral health behaviours among adolescents.

Methods

A convenience sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old was recruited from the University of Alberta dental clinic. Demographics, oral health behaviours, self‐rated oral health and task‐specific and general self‐efficacy were assessed using a questionnaire with three sections. For the comparisons of outcomes across different categories, Student t‐test, multivariate regression and chi‐squared tests were used.

Results

A total of 252 adolescents with average (SD) age of 14 (1.7) years participated in the study; 60% were girls; 81% were born in Canada; 56% were White; and 61% had dental coverage. Demographic characteristics had no significant correlation with general self‐efficacy. However, correlation coefficients indicated that younger adolescents had higher dietary self‐efficacy (negative correlation), girls had higher toothbrushing and dental visit self‐efficacy, and those with dental coverage had higher dental visit self‐efficacy. A significant association was found between toothbrushing, dietary habits and dental visits self‐efficacy (subscales of task‐specific self‐efficacy) and their respective outcomes (frequency of toothbrushing, sugar intake and regular dentist visits). General self‐efficacy was significantly associated with frequency of toothbrushing and participant's self‐rated oral health.

Conclusion

Higher task‐specific and general self‐efficacy correlated with better oral health behaviours among adolescents. Therefore, behavioural interventions should be designed to enhance self‐efficacy among adolescents in order to improve their oral health outcomes.
Correlation of the Vickers hardness of RO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses with predicted liquidus temperatures
Authors: Lee Hyojin , Carty William
Published: August 2022

Vickers hardnesses of RO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses were measured over a broad range of compositions, ranging from ternary endpoints to mixed ratios of RO (CaO with MgO, SrO, or BaO), with the systematic variation of Al2O3 and SiO2 levels. The hardnesses of CAS and MAS glasses are similar, ranging from 6.7 to 7.2 GPa, with the replacement of CaO with MgO producing a marginal increase in hardness. The substitution of SrO or BaO for CaO generally produced in a decrease in hardness down to 4.5 GPa with BaO. The sensitivity to alumina and silica levels, however, was much greater ranging from a minimum of 4.5 GPa to a maximum of ∼8.2 GPa. The correlation of the Vickers hardness with melting temperature was observed in the CAS system but generally not in the RO‐blended glasses. Overall, a combined cation field strength of modifier cations determined the hardness above the critical RO blending ratio.
An analysis of bacteriuria rates after endourological procedures
Authors: Seenappa Nethravathy Billava , Sinha Maneesh , Krishna Prasad Thyagaraj , Krishnamoorthy Venkatesh
Published: August 2022

Medical literature on infection rates for certain specific endourological procedures is available. However, literature is lacking in providing a comprehensive view of the overall post endoscopic infection rates and their risk factors. This article attempts to provide an understanding of overall bacteriuria rate and discuss the contributory factors for common endourological procedures performed in a dedicated urology unit. This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent endourological procedures at our Institute between January 2019 and December 2019. The following factors were assessed as contributors to post‐operative bacteriuria: gluteraldehyde versus plasma sterilization of endoscopic equipments, elective versus emergency procedures, age group, the presence of pre‐operative foreign bodies, post‐operative stent, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), procedure time and American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) grades. The overall post‐operative bacteriuria rate was 17.85% in our total study population, 6.37% had symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI). Chronic kidney disease (OR 3.5, p < 0.003) and higher ASA grade (OR 1.92, P < 0.002) appear to confer the highest risk of bacteriuria. The factors which were associated with a trend towards a higher incidence of UTI without reaching statistical significance included: the use of gluteraldehyde versus plasma sterilization, pre‐operative implants (Foley and ureteric stents), diabetes, advanced age, endoscopy time, post‐operative stent emergency surgeries and a clinical decision against the use of prophylactic antibiotics. The overall rate of bacteriuria in all endourological procedures was 17.8%, 6.37% had symptomatic UTI. Chronic kidney disease and higher ASA grades were the most important contributing factors to develop post‐operative bacteriuria.
Cold-adapted strains as plant growth-promoting bacteria on soybean seeds and biocontrol agents against Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Sarli Dinorah Anabella , Gomes Gisele Teixeira , Reznikov Sebastián , Acosta Federico Francisco , Fariña Julia Inés , Delgado Osvaldo Daniel , Sánchez Leandro A.
Published: August 2022

Aim

The aim was to characterize cold-adapted bacteria by testing their PGP features and antagonistic activity against Macrophomina phaseolina, both in vitro and coating soybean seeds (Glycine max [L.] Merr.).

Methods and results

Burkholderia gladioli MB39, Serratia proteamaculans 136 and Serratia proteamaculans 137 were evaluated. In vitro tests showed that S. proteamaculans 136 and 137 produce siderophore and indole-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. Additionally, B. gladioli MB39 and S. proteamaculans 137 showed hydrolase activity and potent antifungal effects. The biocontrol efficacy over soybean seeds was evaluated using in vitro and greenhouse methods by immersing seeds into each bacterial suspension.

As a result, S. proteamaculans 136 has improved the performance in all the seed germination evaluated parameters. In addition, S. proteamaculans 137 and B. gladioli MB39 strongly inhibited M. phaseolina, reducing the infection index values to 10% and 0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Serratia proteamaculans 136, 137 and Burkholderia gladioli MB39 showed plant growth promotion features and inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina infection by producing different antifungal compounds.

Significance and impact of the study

Our results reinforce the application of cold-adapted Serratia proteamaculans and Burkholderia gladioli bacterial strains as candidates for developing microbial formulation to promote plant growth and guarantee antifungal protection in soybean crops.
Challenges in the delivery of sex education for people with intellectual disabilities: A Chinese cultural‐contextual analysis
Authors: Lam Angus , Yau Matthew K. , Franklin Richard C. , Leggat Peter A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Staff members' views can have a significant impact on sexuality issues of people with intellectual disabilities. Research on the impact of sociocultural factors in this area in the Chinese context is sparse.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven professionals (social worker, nurse, life skills trainer and manager) to explore their experiences of and attitudes towards the sexual needs of people with intellectual disabilities by applying interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

The study identified two major themes, each with two sub‐themes: 1. Professional handling of the sexual needs of people with intellectual disabilities (sex education and intervention); 2. Barriers (incompatible approaches and parental resistance). Participants also experienced feelings of resignation facing the barriers they encountered. Collectivism and cultural view about sex are potentially the influencing factors.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need to adopt an evidence‐based sex education programme whose content and delivery should take account of cultural factors.
The effect of risankizumab on achieving minimal clinically important differences in patient‐reported outcomes in patients with psoriatic arthritis: results from KEEPsAKE 1 and 2
Authors: Kristensen L.E. , Soliman A.M. , Papp K. , Barcomb L. , Eldred A. , Östör A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that reduces the quality of life. This study assessed the effects of risankizumab (RZB) on the achievement of minimal clinically important differences (MCID) in patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods

KEEPsAKE‐1 and ‐2 are randomized, placebo‐controlled Phase 3 clinical studies assessing RZB (150 mg) vs. placebo (PBO) in adult patients with PsA with inadequate response or intolerance to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or biologics. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive RZB or PBO for 24 weeks; starting at Week 24, all patients received RZB 150 mg through Week 52. PROs assessed were Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA), Patient's Assessment of Pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index (HAQ‐DI), Short‐Form 36 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores (PCS and MCS, respectively), 5‐Level EQ‐5D (EQ‐5D‐5L), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue (FACIT‐Fatigue), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI). The proportion of patients achieving MCID at Weeks 24 and 52 are reported. Odds ratios of achieving MCID with RZB treatment at Week 24, relative to PBO, were estimated by logistic regression controlling for baseline and stratification factors.

Results

In KEEPsAKE‐1, RZB‐ vs. PBO‐treated patients were more likely to report MCID in all PROs at Week 24; similar results were obtained in KEEPsAKE‐2, except for SF‐36 MCS and WPAI presenteeism domain. In KEEPsAKE‐1 and KEEPsAKE‐2, 65% and 62% of RZB‐treated patients, respectively, reported MCID in PtGA at Week 24, which increased to 74% and 68%, respectively, at Week 52. Approximately 48% of all PBO‐treated patients reported MCID in PtGA at Week 24 and, after initiating RZB, >65% reported MCID at Week 52. Results were similar in the remaining PROs.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that patients with PsA receiving RZB treatment are more likely to report clinically important improvements in PROs compared with patients receiving PBO.
The reporting quality of N‐of‐1 trials and protocols still needs improvement
Authors: Wei Zhipeng , Chu Xiajing , Han Jiani , Zhang Na , Li Yanfei , Yang Chaoqun , Wang Qi , Li Jiang , Belal Ahmed Atef , Yan Peijing , Li Xiuxia , Yang Kehu
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate the reporting quality of single‐patient (N‐of‐1) trials and protocols based on the CONSORT Extension for N‐of‐1 trials (CENT) statement and the standard protocol items: recommendations for interventional trials (SPIRIT) extension and elaboration for N‐of‐1 trials (SPENT) checklist to examine the factors that influenced reporting quality.

Methods

Four electronic databases were searched to identify N‐of‐1 trials and protocols from 2015 to 2020. Quality was assessed by two reviewers. We calculated the overall scores based on binary responses in which “Yes” was scored as 1 (if the item was fully reported), and “No” was scored as 0 (if the item was not clearly reported or not definitely stated).

Results

A total of 78 publications (55 N‐of‐1 trials and 23 protocols) were identified. The mean reporting score (SD) of the N‐of‐1 trials and protocols were 29.24 (0.89) and 29.61 (1.83), respectively. For the items related to outcomes, sample size, allocation concealment protocol, and informed consent materials, the reporting quality was low. Our results showed that the year of publication (t = ‐0.793, p = 0.872 for the trials and t = 1.352, p = 0.623 for the protocols) and the impact factor of the journal (t = 1.416, p = 0.619 for the trials and t = 0.359, p = 0.667 for the protocols) were not factors associated with better reporting quality.

Conclusion

With the publication of the CENT 2015 statement and the SPENT 2019 checklist, authors should adhere to the relevant reporting guidelines and improve the reporting quality of N‐of‐1 trials and protocols.
Pressable lithium disilicate ceramic versus CAD/CAM resin composite restorations in patients with moderate to severe tooth wear: Clinical observations up to 13 years
Authors: Edelhoff Daniel , Erdelt Kurt‐Jürgen , Stawarczyk Bogna , Liebermann Anja
Published: August 2022

Objective

To report the long‐term clinical survival and failure rates of single‐tooth restorations made of pressable lithium disilicate ceramics (LS2) and CAD/CAM resin composite (RC) by two separate clinical observations.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐one patients (12 female, nine male) were treated with 436 minimally invasive single‐tooth restorations made of 274 pressed LS2 (n = 12; posterior: monolithic IPS e.max Press; anterior: IPS e.max Ceram veneered, Ivoclar) or 162 milled from RC (n = 9; monolithic exp. CAD/CAM resin composite, Ivoclar). The mean age of patients was 44.1 ± 9.3 years and the mean observation time was 86.2 ± 13.5 months (7.7 ± 1.1 years), with 8.5 ± 2.7 years for LS2 and 6.7 ± 0.5 years for RC. All restorations were observed for technical/biological failures using the modified criteria of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS). Collected data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log‐rank test (α < 0.025).

Results

The 274 LS2 restorations showed a survival of 100% and a total failure rate of 5.5%. The 162 RC restorations showed a survival of 100% and a total failure rate of 25.3%. RC restorations exhibited more material fractures (p = 0.020) and higher discoloration rates (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Pressed LS2 single‐tooth restorations showed lower long‐term failure rates than restorations made of RC.

Clinical significance

Despite the limitations of the clinical observations, single‐tooth restorations of both materials can be recommended for permanent use in patients with severe tooth wear.
Meta analysis on color, total flavonoids, antioxidants, frictional, mechanical, and cutting force of moringa pods
Authors: Golla Sai Preetham , Ramesh Kumar Rashmitha , Veerapandian Chandrasekar , Rangarajan Jaganmohan , Mariya Anthony Tito Anand
Published: August 2022

The color, total flavonoids, antioxidants, frictional and mechanical properties (bending stress, hardness, puncture force, peak cutting force) and cutting power requirement of moringa pod was studied and reported. Drying curves exhibited the falling rate drying characteristics with drying rate constant (k) (−1.18 × 107–.00571 m−1) and effective moisture diffusivities (1.500 × 10−6–2.817× 10−8 m2 s−1). The Page model with high R2 (.997–.8282) and low value (.00119–.000927) shows the best fit on drying curves. The L*, a*, b* and total difference in color values varied from 47.05 to 32.5; −9.89 to 6.41; 35.76–21.07; and .07–21.07, respectively. The chlorophyll content (.353–.264 mg/g dm) and the total flavonoids (1.3023–.1050 mg QE/g dm) were recorded. The total phenolics (5.4–21.739 mg GAE/g dm) showed an increasing trend whereas the antioxidant activity (31.5102–20.922%) decreased with increasing drying temperature. The bending stress, hardness, and puncture force ranged from 6514.38 to 1189.33 N/mm2; from 14.707 to 225.16 N; from 267.625 to 25.364 N. The peak cutting forces; and power requirement for cutting on the horizontal and longitudinal direction of moringa pods were 94.67–27.27 N and 179.95–73 N; and .249–.704 W and .434–1.124 W; respectively. The SEM analysis of moringa pods substantiated the variations in mechanical properties through microstructural changes. The results indicated that aspect ratio significantly affected the drying characteristics, frictional, and mechanical properties of moringa pods. Therefore, the aspect ratio can be considered while designing cutting tools, conveying, and processing equipment.

Practical Applications

Moringa pods are used as a vegetable in curries, soups, and cuisines in significant parts of Asia and Africa. It has good nutritional characteristics and a very tempting flavor and aroma. However, the processing and value addition of moringa lack owing to primary processing tools and value addition machines because of the non‐existence of frictional, mechanical properties, and cutting force data concerning size, that is, aspect ratio and moisture content. The study's findings can help design and develop the cutters, tools, machines, and conveyors used for the primary processing and value addition of moringa pods.
Nursing management for temporary lodging facilities in Japan in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A multiple‐case study
Authors: Kida Ryohei , Takemura Yukie , Inoue Maho , Ichikawa Naoko , Koyanagi Hiroe
Published: August 2022

Aim

Temporary lodging facilities which were non‐medical facilities were established to secure beds for severely and moderately ill patients with COVID‐19, as well as for isolation, non‐contact observation, and care of mildly ill and asymptomatic patients in Japan. This study aims to understand nursing management practices adopted in these facilities by examining cases of their establishment and operation.

Methods

A multiple‐case study design was used. Interviews for qualitative data collection were conducted from August to October 2020. After analyzing the nursing management practices in four temporary lodging facilities, common points were collated and integrated.

Results

For the establishment and operation of temporary lodging facilities, a three‐layer structure based on disaster management methods was adopted: headquarters at the helm as overseers, field supervisors in the middle, and frontline nursing staff at the base. The structure had clear roles, facilitated information exchange, and provided efficient and effective nursing care. Field supervisors mainly provided psychological and clinical support for staff and served as information and interprofessional hubs.

Conclusion

It is recommended that temporary lodging facilities should be organized based on principles of the division of labor. The workforce should comprise nursing staff, and experienced nursing professionals should be recruited to the higher echelons.
Simultaneous axial and radial swelling studies from 2D stereozoom images of tablet compacts composed of superdisintegrants
Authors: Arora Sagar , Sangwan Aarti , Kaur Harmeet , Singh Jasbir
Published: August 2022

Swelling‐based disintegration is considered important for drug release from tablets and can be modified with excipients called tablet disintegrants. Swelling of tablets occurs axially and radially, and most researchers have observed both these events separately using 2D images. In the current work, we have studied these events simultaneously instead of separately under a stereozoom microscope for tablet compacts composed of high proportions of disintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, SSG and croscarmellose sodium, CCS), using water as the disintegrating medium. A hypothesis is proposed for the measurements of radial and axial swellings from a single 2D image, as horizontal lengths based on trigonometric functions for a right‐angle triangle. All predicted axial and radial lengths (as per proposed hypothesis) are found validated with respect to vernier calliper measurements for dry‐tablet compacts with a minute error of 3.809%. The axial swelling is approximately fivefolds more than that of radial swelling on the basis of normalised lengths. No particular trend can be spotted exclusively in favour of a superdisintegrant; however, the CCS‐based tablets have shown higher swelling as compared to SSG‐based tablets. From the current studies, it is evident that both axial and radial dimensions are obtainable from single 2D stereozoom images and can be successfully implemented for swelling studies of tablets.
Long‐term nucleus basalis cholinergic depletion induces attentional deficits and impacts cortical neurons and BDNF levels without affecting the NGF synthesis
Authors: Orciani Chiara , Hall Hélène , Pentz Rowan , Foret Morgan K. , Do Carmo Sonia , Cuello Augusto Claudio
Published: August 2022

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) represent the main source of cholinergic innervation to the cortex and hippocampus and degenerate early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Phenotypic maintenance of BFCNs depends on levels of mature nerve growth factor (mNGF) and mature brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), produced by target neurons and retrogradely transported to the cell body. Whether a reciprocal interaction where BFCN inputs impact neurotrophin availability and affect cortical neuronal markers remains unknown. To address our hypothesis, we immunolesioned the nucleus basalis (nb), a basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei projecting mainly to the cortex, by bilateral stereotaxic injection of 192‐IgG‐Saporin (the cytotoxin Saporin binds p75ntr receptors expressed exclusively by BFCNs) in 2.5‐month‐old Wistar rats. At 6 months post‐lesion, Saporin‐injected rats (SAP) showed an impairment in a modified version of the 5‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5‐choice task). Postmortem analyses of the brain revealed a reduction of Choline Acetyltransferase‐immunoreactive neurons compared to wild‐type controls. A diminished number of cortical vesicular acetylcholine transporter‐immunoreactive boutons was accompanied by a reduction in BDNF mRNA, mBDNF protein levels, markers of glutamatergic (vGluT1), and GABAergic (GAD65) neurons in the SAP‐group compared to the controls. NGF mRNA, NGF precursor, and mNGF protein levels were not affected. Additionally, cholinergic markers correlated with the attentional deficit and BDNF levels. Our findings demonstrate that while cholinergic nb loss impairs cognition and reduces cortical neuron markers, it produces differential effects on neurotrophin availability, affecting BDNF but not NGF levels.

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The Colonial Constitution ofPolyas a Racial and Linguistic Category through Policing, Gentrification, and an Ideology of Oppressionlessness
Authors: Wong Casey Philip
Published: August 2022

This article examines the historical, institutional, and interactional processes by which “Poly” (i.e., Polynesian) has come to be understood as a race and language within a context in the California Bay Area. Rather than understanding “races” as discrete categories—as well as sociolinguistic features as permanently attributable and patterned to specific racialized groups—I argue that racialization is ever‐changing and rooted in power relations that are (re)produced from interaction to interaction, and moment to moment. I primarily draw upon a semi‐structured interview with a Tongan young woman (“Maklea”), and more broadly ethnographic research conducted within her local language context, and argue that a racialized Polyness (i.e., Polynesianness) is becoming raciolinguistically enregistered due to experiences with White supremacy and processes of colonialism. That is, Polyness is in the process of being rendered mutually perceivable as a racial category and coherent set of semiotic practices as Polynesian diasporic peoples in this community are confronting policing, gentrification, and an ideology of oppressionlessness. The raciolinguistic enregisterment of Polyness is occurring as Maklea, and more broadly Polynesian young people, are grappling with and challenging the ways White supremacist institutions and systems are seeking to violently structure their lives and ways of knowing, being, valuing, and speaking.
Resource Orchestration and Scaling‐up of Platform‐Based Entrepreneurial Firms: The Logic of Dialectic Tuning
Authors: Zeng Jing , Yang Yunlu , Lee Soo Hee
Published: August 2022

The emergence of platform‐based entrepreneurial firms (PBEFs) and their rapid scaling holds considerable implications for the theory and practice of firm growth in the digital economy. Building on the resource‐based view, we seek deeper insights into the question of how PBEFs orchestrate resources to scale up in the context of platform ecosystems. We conduct an in‐depth longitudinal case study of Tencent, one of the largest PBEFs in the world, and develop an inductive process model based on the logic of ‘dialectic tuning’. We uncover the specific actions and capabilities that PBEFs possess and employ to scale up a platform ecosystem, as manifested in a complementary set of concrete organizational practices enacted at different stages of the growth trajectory. We unveil an important boundary condition that has hitherto remained implicit in the literature on firm growth driven by platform‐based business models. Our findings diverge from the conventional perspective which predominantly associates firm growth with the characteristics of internal resources and capabilities. We argue that the relational properties of interaction and integration between internal and external resources are what gives rise to the capabilities needed to scale up a platform. Thus, we extend and refine the resource‐based view by explaining the evolving patterns of resource orchestration and management of PBEFs in terms of the interplay between the focal platform and its ecosystem partners.
Does the metabolizable energy influence the performance, carcass characteristics and biochemical parameters of European quails from 28 to 42 days of age?
Authors: de Jesus Monica Raline Reis , Santos Thailine Santana , Silva Camilla Mendonça , Zancanela Vittor Tuzzi , Costa Patrícia Santos , Oliveira Lima João Vitor , Ribeiro Júnior Valdir , Brito Claudson Oliveira , de Oliveira Júnior Gregório Murilo
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) requirement for quails (Cortunix cortunix cortunix) from 28 to 42 days of age. Four hundred and twenty quails were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments (2950, 3000, 3050, 3100 and 3150 kcal of ME/kg of feed), 7 replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit. Performance, relative weights of organs and viscera, carcass characteristics, meat quality, body composition and blood parameters of the birds were evaluated. There was a reduction in feed intake (ADFI) with the use of 3150 kcal ME/kg (p < 0.01), with a quadratic effect on feed efficiency (p < 0.01), estimating the energy requirement in the 3009.4 kcal ME/kg. The breast yield (BY) and the colour b* had an effect (p < 0.01), with better results for 2950 kcal ME/kg, while the meat texture reduced when the birds were fed with 3150 kcal ME/kg. HDL and LDL showed the quadratic effect (p < 0.01) when ME increased to 3111.6 and 3157.4 kcal/kg respectively. Very low density lipoprotein increased linearly (p < 0.01) in birds that received diets with 3000 kcal ME/kg. We conclude that the use of 3009.4 kcal of ME/kg for European quail meets the nutritional needs and provides an improvement in feed efficiency, without affecting the carcass parameters of the birds. Information regarding the nutritional requirements for European quails is still recent; therefore, it is essential to know the adequate levels of metabolizable energy, an important nutritional component for the maximum productive performance of birds.
Trust in healthcare providers among Chinese immigrants living with hepatitis B virus in Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Jin Defeng , Brener Loren , Treloar Carla
Published: August 2022

Despite the importance of trust in healthcare settings, there remains a paucity of evidence on the role it plays in patient–provider relationships and healthcare outcomes among people living with hepatitis B virus (HBV). International evidence suggests that Chinese immigrants living with HBV experience inequitable access, outcomes and treatment quality in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) health care. This study explores individual trust in healthcare providers and its impact on health‐seeking behaviours and health outcomes among Chinese people living with HBV in Australia. A total of 16 participants were recruited from the Chinese community in Sydney and Melbourne and participated in semi‐structured interviews. The data were analysed within a conceptual model of trust that contains five dimensions: fidelity, competence, honesty, confidentiality and global trust. The data shows how trust in physicians was formed and influenced by factors including patient–provider interactions, historically relevant experiences, health and illness beliefs and systemic barriers. While the research confirms prior findings on the impact of trust and mistrust, showing an association between low trust and treatment nonadherence, it also generates fresh insights by examining what leads to mistrust and the role of trust in shaping participants' healthcare outcomes. Findings suggest that by treating patients with respect and dignity, improving interpersonal skills and cultural competency, having open discussion on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment and protecting private information, physicians can increase patients' trust. The findings will contribute to efforts to address HBV as a health priority and increase patients' trust in healthcare providers among Chinese immigrants living with HBV.