bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for leptospira infection in female prison in Mato Grosso
Authors: Santos Ana Katariny Ribeiro dos , Trettel Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças , Graça Bianca Carvalho da , Vivi Viviane Karolina , Souza Karine Motta de Oliveira Lima de , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio de , Avelar Kátia Eliane Santos
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Incarcerated women are exposed to a potential environment precursor of risk for various types of illnesses, including leptospirosis. Aim: To identify the risk factors for Leptospira infection in female prison in the state of Mato Grosso (MT). Outlining: This is a quantitative open cohort study conducted between the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 in the Female Public Prison of a municipality in the middle-north region of MT. Results: Although there was no detection of seroreactivity among the incarcerated women, the profile points to young women, with a mean age of 31.45 years, brown, single, with education that did not exceed elementary school, with children and low income. Rodent contact was evidenced prior to incarceration, as well as in the prison environment by viewing the animal or its excreta, which may suggest the close and daily relationship between these women and rodents. Implications: The presence of the previous risk and during imprisonment reinforce the vulnerabilities to which these women are exposed from social interaction to the context of imprisonment, being fundamental propositions of health promotion and prevention of zoonoses in prisons.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection by vaccination status, predominant variant and time from prior infection: a cohort study, Reggio Emilia province, Italy, February 2020 to February 2022
Authors: Vicentini Massimo , Venturelli Francesco , Mancuso Pamela , Bisaccia Eufemia , Zerbini Alessandro , Massari Marco , Cossarizza Andrea , De Biasi Sara , Pezzotti Patrizio , Bedeschi Emanuela , Giorgi Rossi Paolo ,   Reggio Emilia COVID-19 Working Group
Published: March 2023

Background

Understanding the epidemiology of reinfections is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 control over a long period.

Aim

To evaluate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection by vaccination status, predominant variant and time after first infection.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study including all residents in the Reggio Emilia province on 31 December 2019, followed up until 28 February 2022 for SARS-CoV-2 first infection and reinfection after 90 days. Cox models were used to compare risk of first infection vs reinfection, adjusting for age, sex, vaccine doses and comorbidities.

Results

The cohort included 538,516 residents, 121,154 with first SARS-CoV-2 infections and 3,739 reinfections, most in the Omicron BA.1 period. In the pre-Omicron period, three doses of vaccine reduced risk of reinfection by 89% (95% CI: 87–90), prior infection reduced risk by 90% (95% CI: 88–91), while two doses and infection reduced risk by 98% (95% CI: 96–99). In the Omicron BA.1 period, protection estimates were 53% (95% CI: 52–55), 9% (95% CI: 4–14) and 76% (95% CI: 74–77). Before Omicron, protection from reinfection remained above 80% for up to 15 months; with Omicron BA.1, protection decreased from 71% (95% CI: 65–76) at 5 months to 21% (95% CI: 10–30) at 22 months from the first infection. Omicron BA.1 reinfections showed 48% (95% CI: 10–57) lower risk of severe disease than first infections.

Conclusions

Natural immunity acquired with previous variants showed low protection against Omicron BA.1. Combined vaccination and natural immunity seems to be more protective against reinfection than either alone. Vaccination of people with prior infection reduced the risk of severe disease.
Explanation of Sportive Behaviors In The Context of Planned Behavior Theory: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Şekerli Hüseyin
Published: March 2023

Özet Amaç: Planlı davranış teorisi, uluslararası akademik alanlarda sağlıklı yaşamla ilgili diğer davranışları açıklamak için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır ancak bu önemli teorinin farklı davranış alanlarına uygulanması birkaç çalışma
ile sınırlıdır. Bu sınırlı alanlardan birisi de sportif ya da egzersiz davranışlara ilişkindir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, yüksek lisans ve doktora tezi gibi ilgili Türkçe literatürü kullanarak planlı davranış teorisi
bağlamında egzersiz yapmaya yönelik tutumları değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada egzersiz yapma davranışına ilişkin ülkemizde yapılmış olan araştırmalardan elde edilen veriler derlenerek planlı davranış teorisi bağlamında
açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bulgular ve sonuçlar: Bu derlemede, planlı davranış teorisi kavramları sportif davranışları araştıran çalışmalara uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tutumların, öznel normların ve algılanan davranışsal kontrolün
söz konusu davranışı gerçekleştirmeye yönelik davranışsal niyetin tahmin edilmesinde önemli belirleyiciler olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
The effects of Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria targeted antioxidant, on frozen human sperm parameters
Authors: SAYLAN Aslihan , DIRAMALI Murat
Published: March 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the efficiency of Mito-TEMPO, which is a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant, in improving the quality of frozen human sperm. Material-Method: Normospermic 25 human semen samples were frozen
and stored in solutions including different concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 50 µM) of Mito-TEMPO. After thawing, they were evaluated in terms of sperm motility, viability, morphology, chromatin integrity and apoptosis. Result: Sperm
morphology was not found to change after cryopreservation. Viability was found to be significantly preserved in groups that were added Mito-TEMPO (p<0.01). When the sperms were compared in terms of post-cryopreservation motility,
while no significant difference was found between the group that was added 1µM Mito-TEMPO and the group that was not added Mito-TEMPO, the group with the highest number of motile sperms was the group that was added 50µM Mito-TEMPO
(p<0.05). In addition, chromatin decondensation and apoptosis rate decreased significantly in groups that were added Mito-TEMPO (p<0.01). Conclusion: Mitochondria targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO improves sperm quality that
decreases after thawing.
Apakah Faktor-Faktor dalam Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Aplikasi Pesan-Antar Makanan pada UMKM Coffee Shop?
Authors: Fitri Yutika
Published: March 2023

Coffee Shop is one of Food and Beverage (F&B) business that has a more functional purpose than culinary businesses in general. Coffee Shop does not only sell coffee drinks or its accompaniments, but a place that provides space and comfort for its customers while enjoying coffee and its accompaniments. This is a consideration for MSMEs whether Coffee Shops will be more effective if they adopt online food delivery services. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the adoption of Food Delivery Applications (FDA) in MSMEs Coffee Shop based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). The research was conducted on 70 MSMEs Coffee Shop in Pontianak City by distributing questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling method with SmartPLS software. The results showed that the personal innovativeness variable had a significant positive effect on FDA's adoption behavior at the coffee shop MSMEs in Pontianak City. Coffee shop entrepreneurs in Pontianak City do not consider performance expectancy, supporting infrastructure, community and consumer needs, technological security levels, or the cost of using food delivery services. While previous studies hAVE identified factors influencing people's technology adoption behavior with the UTAUT2 theory, this study showed that the factors that shape coffee shop behavior are different from F&B businesses generally in terms of adopting food delivery. Factors outside the UTAUT2 theory need to be analyzed in future studies to explore factors influencing FDA adoption by coffee shop MSMEs.
Growth culture conditions and recovery method impact the yield of hyaluronic acid produced by genetically modified Escherichia coli strains
Authors:   Departamento de Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan, Jalisco 45120, Mexico, Ramos-Sánchez Jorge de Jesús , González-Morales Escarlett , Ramírez-Vázquez Juan Carlos , Espinoza-Escalante Froylán M. ,   Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan, Jalisco 45120, Mexico
Published: March 2023

Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer present in a wide variety of biological structures and it is implied in multiple biochemical processes, this is why it has been suggested its artificial use to treat several illnesses and, also in cosmetology. Nowadays, recombinant bacteria seem to be the key for the biotechnological production of this molecule since non-pathogenic strains can be used and, in some cases, it could be expected to increase the production yields. Given that culture conditions have an impact on the generation of any microbial metabolite, in this work, we looked for the best culture conditions in the bioreactor. Then, we present the bioengineering analysis of hyaluronic acid production by two genetically modified strains of E. coli. We tested two plasmids and three physicochemical parameters in flasks. In this work, we demonstrated that the media composition, aeration, and the relation between agitation and volume, but the extra plasmid, impact the production of the biopolymer. Besides, it was determined the modified E. coli with genes PmHAS and kfiD is viable to produce up to 105 mg/L of hyaluronic acid in a culture media with a carbohydrate source, such as glycerol, and keeping an aeration ratio of 1.5 vvm. This last was corroborated using the carbazole method with modifications in the purification procedure of the produced acid.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGELOLAAN USAHA PADA KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUBE) "SOPOQ ANGEN" DESA PUSUK LESTARI, KEC.BATU LAYAR
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Susi Retna , Muhsyaf Saipul Arni , Ramadhani Rahmi Sri , Fikri M. Ali , Isnaini Zuhrotul
Published: March 2023

KUBe “Sopoq Angen” merupakan salah satu KUBe yang baru terbentuk/didirikan di Desa Pusuk Lestari. KUBe ini belum memiliki bidang usaha. Anggota KUBe belum memiliki kemampuan yang memadai dalam mengelola usaha. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pendampingan pengelolaan usaha. Hal ini dilakukan dengan pendampingan pengolahan produk (dari bahan baku menjadi barang jadi yang siap dijual),  dan pemaparan materi tentang kewirausahaan, manajemen produksi dan pengelolaan keuangan.Hasil pendampingan ini  telah mengarahkan KUBe tersebut untuk fokus pada pengolahan biji melinjo menjadi emping melinjo sebagai pilihan bidang usaha.  Pertimbangan utamanya adalah bahan baku mudah diperoleh karena melimpahnya hasil melinjo di desa tersebut, dan belum diolah secara maksimal. Tim Pengabdian mendampingi para anggota KUBe untuk memproduksi biji melinjo menjadi emping yang siap dijual/dipasarkan. Tim pengabdian juga memberikan pelatihan tentang kewirausahaan, manajemen produksi dan pengelolaan keuangan. Hal ini diharapkan mampu  meningkatkan kompetensi anggota KUBe dalam mengelola usahanya. Pengelolaan usaha KUBe “Sopoq Angen”  bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang dimiliki secara efektif, sehingga mampu meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya serta kompetensi sumber daya manusia
Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Lalat Buah (Bactrocera spp.) pada Pertanaman Cabai Keriting (Capsicum annum L.) Di Desa Darmasari Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Ahmad Izuddin Holis  , Hery Haryanto  , Mulat Isnaini
Published: March 2023

Lalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) merupakan salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman cabai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi dan intensitas serangan lalat buah pada pertanaman cabai merah. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada lahan pertanaman cabai keriting milik petani yang sudah berumur ± 80 HST atau sudah memasuki fase generatif yang berada di Desa Darmasari, Kecamatan Sikur, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan metode Deskriptif menggunakan atraktan metil eugenol yang dipasang sebanyak 5 perangkap secara diagonal. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Systematic Random Sampling, dengan mengambil 10% dari populasi tanaman cabai keriting pada masing-masing sub petak lahan (3 sub petak). Dari hasil identifikasi diperoleh 6 spesies, yaitu B. dorsalis, B. kandiensis, B. correcta, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa, dan B. musae. Lalat buah B. dorsalis menjadi paling tinggi sebanyak 503 ekor dan paling berpotensi menyerang pada pertanaman cabai keriting. Gejala serangan pada buah cabai diawali dengan adanya tanda tusukan ovipositor pada permukaan kulit buah untuk peletakan telur yang menyebabkan perubahan warna buah menjadi cokelat, tekstur menjadi lunak, membusuk dan akhirnya gugur sebelum waktunya. Intensitas serangan Bactrocera spp. di Dusun Bebare 29,42% (sedang) dan  Dusun Prako 15,86% (sangat rendah).
“Saturday Night Palsy”: Lessons from a Patient
Authors: Sarmento de Beires Teresa , Eiras Andreia
Published: March 2023

“Saturday night palsy”, also known as “lovers’ paralysis”, is a neuropathy of the radial nerve, caused by extrinsic compression at a certain point in its path along the humerus, usually at the level of the spiral groove. This designation is based on the fact that this compression occurs, frequently, after excessive alcohol intake, thus resulting in an incorrect position of the arm during sleep. This is the fourth most common mononeuropathy worldwide, affecting about 2.97 per 100 000 men and 1.42 per 100 000 women. Paralysis of the radial nerve causes loss of sensory and/or motor functions, depending on where the nerve was injured. The following case refers to a patient observed in an acute consult in a Primary Care Unit, after waking up with his right-hand hanging. In this report, the deficit shown by the patient allowed the authors to infer the location of the injury.
Kebijakan Kriminalisasi Terhadap Terorisme (Catatan Terhadap Uu Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme)
Authors: Bukhori K.A.
Published: March 2023

Since the terrorist events of World Trade Centre, New York and the tragedy of Bali October 12, 2002 is the biggest act of terror that resulted in civilian casualties in the world. As a result of terror arising pro-cons who are involved in this tragedy. Despite its pro-cons who the mastermind of this bombing, here the authors raised the issue of terrorism is approached through a policy of criminalization, criminal law involves two issues, namely whether the justification for criminalizing an act as criminal, and whether the criteria used to criminalize, this becomes especially important issue of terrorism because terrorism is closer to a crime of violence related to political offenses and human rights issues.
PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN EKONOMI DAN MOBILITAS PEDAGANG MAKANAN MELALUI DESAIN GEROBAK SEPEDA LISTRIK
Authors: Nugraha Hari , Angelina Donna , Dwianika Agustine
Published: March 2023

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) such as meatball and other food traders are one of the small businesses currently experiencing a decline in income due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, the barriers to food peddlers, such as using inappropriate carts and the limited mobility of food selling, have become an obstacle to increasing income after the post-pandemic period. This community service activity aims to recover and increase the revenue of food peddlers by expanding selling mobility to reach potential buyers directly. To achieve this goal, the activities are carried out by designing and manufacturing by combined food peddler cart with a bicycle driven by an electric motor. In this way, it can impact increasing energy efficiency and operational costs so that sales turnover can increase. The method of implementing this activity program is through direct field observations to see the selling activities of food peddlers, followed by a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to obtain input regarding the constraints and expectations desired from these traders. The next step is to carry out the design and manufacture of electric bicycle carts. This activity was followed by business and financial management training using the Buku Warung application and registration for Gofood partners. The results of electric bicycle cart use by food peddlers, followed by an application of Buku Warung and Gofood services by food peddlers, showed an increase in income of around 50-60%.
‘Silver Century’ in the Publications of the VI International Forum ‘Dialogues of Arts and Art-Paradigms’ (2021): Review on Forum Materials
Authors: Korolevskaia Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: March 2023

The article presents the book review on the materials of the VI International Forum organized by the Centre of Complex Art Researches of L. V. Sobinov Saratov State Conservatory ‘Dialogues of Arts and Art-Paradigms’ on the 28 of January 2021. The forum was devoted to the epoch of ‘Silver century’. Its materials are addressed to different specialists such as specialists in study of literature, arts critics (fine art and architecture), musicologists, specialists in drama study, film critics, specialists in folklore, culturologists and philosophers.
Polyphony in the Creative Chorus Works ‘a Cappella’ of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov by the Example of the Chorus ‘Lord of My Days’ (‘Prayer’) from the Series ‘Six Choruses’
Authors: Koshkareva Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of polyphonic style in chorus creative works ‘a cappella’ by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. The aim of this research is to describe the features of counterpoint style of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov by the example of the chorus ‘Lord of my days’ (‘Prayer’) from the series ‘Six choruses’. It is pointed out that the music language of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov is remarkable with its moderation, profundity, semantic concentration, strict obedience to the Spirit of the Word. Polyphony takes an important place in the compositions for chorus ‘a cappella’. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that N. Rimsky-Korsakov’s chorus ‘Prayer’ has been considered firstly in the aspect of polyphonic style analysis. As a result, it is substantiated that the chorus composition under consideration becomes the most important in the context of the composer’s spiritual heritage.
Performance “Memorial Prayer” by M. A. Zakharov: Plot, composition, genre, mode of acting
Authors: Ryaposov Alexandr Yuryevich
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study is to determine a set of directing techniques, on the basis of which M. A. Zakharov staged G. Gorin’s play “Memorial Prayer” (Lenkom, 1989). The reconstruction and analysis of Zakharov’s performance made it possible to specify the content of the terms of his stage poetics: genre, plot, composition, mode of acting, etc. The scientific novelty lies in studying Zakharov’s directing methodology, in determining the main characteristics of M. A. Zakharov’s directing. As a result, it has been proved that “Memorial Prayer” is one of M. A. Zakharov’s program performances, where his directing is most fully realized.
Aesthetic analysis of disgust: A historical-philosophical and a content-related aspect
Authors: Strugova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2023

The research aims to reveal the content side of disgust, which makes it possible to consider it an aesthetic reaction in a broad sense. The paper reviews content-oriented and axiological approaches to the study of disgust. The scientific novelty of the research lies in adding the criteria of underestimation, deformation and distance from potential objects of aesthetic pleasure to the minimal definition of the notion of disgust. As a result, it has been proved that the content side of disgust reflects the conflict of the subjective, objective factors of its analysis and instances of the disgusting in art and cinema, which provides an expanded interpretation of the reactivity of disgust.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ДЛЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТА РОЗРАХУНКУ ОПТИМАЛЬНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Authors: Примиська Світлана
Published: March 2023

The paper investigates the possibility of applying the grain model in the case when solid particles of the reactant are considered to have the same temperature throughout the particle, but this temperature and the total pressure depend on the position of
Влияние семакса на уровень нейротрофических факторов как маркеров тревожно-депрессивного состояния в условиях стресса
Authors: Мурталиева Вероника Хамидуллаевна , Ясенявская Анна Леонидовна , Андреева Людмила Александровна , Мясоедов Николай Федорович , Самотруева Марина Александровна
Published: March 2023

Проведено экспериментальное исследование по изучению влияния семакса на показатели поведения животных, отражающие двигательные и эмоциональные изменения, а также на сывороточный уровень нейротрофинов NGF и BDNF как маркеров формирования тревожно-депрессивных состояний. Влияние семакса на поведенческие реакции крыс на модели «социального» стресса (сенсорный контакт) изучали в условиях «Суок-теста». Состояние повышенной тревожности подтверждали снижением двигательной и исследовательской активности крыс: снижение времени пребывания в светлой половине теста у «агрессоров» и «жертв» в среднем на 35 % (p ≤ 0,05); числа «исследовательских» заглядываний вниз более, чем на 40 % (p ≤ 0,01) и на 70 % (p ≤ 0,001) соответственно; направленных движений головой в среднем на 40 % (p ≤ 0,05) в обеих группах, по сравнению с контрольными животными. Кроме того, у стрессированных крыс наблюдалось снижение числа посещенных сегментов в светлом отсеке, увеличение частоты «соскальзывания» задних лап и латентного периода выхода из центра. Под влиянием «социального» стресса у крыс снижался уровень NGF в сыворотке крови на 35 % (p ≤ 0,05) в обеих группах и уровень BDNF на 35 % (p ≤ 0,05) у «агрессоров» и почти на 50 % (p ≤ 0,01) у «жертв», по сравнению с животными интактной группы. Семакс (150 мкг/кг/сут интраназально в течение 20 сут) на модели экспериментальной депрессии, вызванной «социальным» стрессом, приводил к следующим изменениям параметров поведения животных: увеличение числа посещенных сегментов в светлой половине теста у агрессивных животных на 50 % (p ≤ 0,01), у субмиссивных на 35 % (p ≤ 0,05), числа переходов через центр в среднем на 40 % (p ≤ 0,05) в обеих опытных группах, направленных движений головой в среднем на 40 % (p ≤ 0,05). Кроме того, у крыс под влиянием семакса наблюдалось снижение времени латентного периода выхода из центра, а также частоты соскальзывания задних лап в обеих опытных группах. Семакс в условиях социальных взаимодействий привел к повышению уровня BDNF и NGF более, чем на 30 % (p ≤ 0,05) и почти на 60 % (p ≤ 0,01) соответственно. Таким образом, семакс обладает выраженным антидепрессивным действием. Восстановление уровня нейротрофических факторов мозга, обеспечивающих многоуровневую систему модуляции пластичности и активности нейронов, под действием семакса определяет необходимость дальнейшего детального изучения с возможностью применения данного лекарственного препарата в целях восстановления системы физиологической адаптации организма к стрессорным стимулам различной природы.
Price analysis of medicines used in general anesthesia before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective observational study
Authors: DA SILVA Tiago F. , DE SOUZA Mariana S. , BAGATINI Airton
Published: March 2023

Objectives: with the emergence of the pandemic in early 2020, there was an increase in the prices of medicines used in hospital anesthetic procedures. The main objective of this study was to assess the variations in prices of anesthetics used in general anesthesia procedures between the periods prior to and after the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: we investigated 105 anesthesic records of exploratory laparotomies or laparoscopic procedures performed in a private hospital in southern Brazil and analyzed the prices of medicines used in two general anesthesia techniques: total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and balanced anesthesia with anesthetic gases. We obtained the price of anesthetic procedures from records issued in the final trimesters of 2019, 2020, and 2021 (33, 43, and 29, respectively). Results: a statistically significant difference in prices was seen between periods for both techniques. The price of TIVA in 2019 was R$ 229.30/hour, in 2020 it was R$ 472.13/hour, and in 2021 it was R$ 247.38/hour. For balanced anesthesia, this price was R$ 66.32/hour in 2019, R$ 109.97/hour in 2020, and R$ 90.30/hour in 2021. In a post hoc analysis, significant differences were observed in the hourly prices of TIVA between 2019–2020 (p=0.01) and 2020–2021 (p=0.04); for balanced anesthesia, this was seen only in the 2019–2020 period (p=0.02). Conclusion: this study demonstrated significant increases in the mean prices of general anesthesia administered via intravenous (up to 36.36%) or inhalation (up to 89.47%) routes for exploratory laparotomies performed before and after the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a private hospital in southern Brazil. However, no statistical difference in the hourly prices was observed between 2019 and 2021 for both anesthetic techniques.
EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE ON THE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF C70 FULLERENE
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, SOKOLOVSKY D.N. , VOLKOVA YA.YU. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, OSADCHENKO V.KH. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, BABUSHKIN A.N. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: March 2023

Research has been performed into baric dependences of thermo-EMF and thermal conductivity derivative of C70 crystalline fullerene at pressures up to 46 GPa and room temperature. Pressure were created in a chamber with conducting diamond anvils. Structural transformations were recorded by changes in thermo-EMF and thermal conductivity. The pressure ranges in which there is a significant change in the thermoelectric properties of fullerene C70 are determined. The nature of the baric dependences of thermo-EMF and thermal conductivity derivative indicates irreversible structural transformations at pressures of the order of 32 GPa, due to the destruction of the structure of fullerene molecules. At pressures above 32 GPa, the thermo-EMF values become close to zero. This may be due to the formation of graphite-like carbon.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS ON THE PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY OF THE SECTION BOUNDARY OF TWO POLYMER FILMS
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla, PANOVA N.A. , LABUDA V.O. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla, YUSUPOV A.R. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla, LACHINOV A.N. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics
Published: March 2023

The study of optical properties in organic materials requires taking into account a wide range of features of these materials in connection with their sensitivity to external influences and aggressive environment. In this work, we studied the features of the photoconductivity of the interface between two dielectrics (polydiphenylene phthalide (PDP)) manufactured under different conditions. Drying was carried out in air and in vacuum. This study is necessary to determine the features of the manufacturing process and its effect on the photoconductive properties of the interface. Currently, the structure of the polymer / polymer interface has been fairly well studied by various methods, in particular, atomic force microscopy. However, there is a certain difficulty in obtaining repeatable results due to the presence of dilution of the lower PDP film when the upper polymer layer is applied. In this work, the photoconductive properties were studied on the basis of the measurements of the current-voltage characteristics (CVC) and the curves of the growth and relaxation of the photocurrent. Based on the results obtained within the framework of this work, it is possible to draw conclusions about the contribution of the drying method of experimental structures to the photoconductivity of the interface. It is known that oxygen makes a significant contribution to the electrical conductivity of thin PDP films. Earlier, it was shown on this polymer material that the presence of oxygen leads to a decrease in the conductivity of PDP films due to the formation of charge carrier traps. Moreover, when oxygen interacts with fragments of a polymer molecule, a chemical bond does not arise, which leads to a reversible change in electrical conductivity with a change in oxygen concentration. Due to this, the PDP films demonstrate a high stability of the electrophysical characteristics for several years when repeated measurements are carried out in an open atmosphere and at room temperature. It can be argued that the effect on the response of photoconductivity in organic materials, as well as on the relaxation time, can be associated with the presence of oxygen traps in the PDP films, increasing the relaxation time. This result is extremely important from the point of view of the practical application of these structures.
TIDAL FORCES NEAR BLACK HOLES IN A GRAVITATIONAL THEORY WITH LORENTZ SYMMETRY BREAKING
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla, ZINNATULLIN R.R. , KARIMOV R.KH. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla, IZMAILOV R.N. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University n.a. M. Akmulla
Published: March 2023

It is generally accepted that the curvature of space-time is small near the event horizon of a large static black hole, and test particles can fall into it without being destroyed. However, in most cases, at a small distance from the event horizon, the curvature of the black hole can be so huge that the test particle will stretch and even collapse under the influence of tidal forces. Thus, any object that falls into black holes experiences huge tidal forces beyond the horizon. This is a result of the fact that the curvature is very large near black holes and almost zero near the horizon. When measurements are made in a static frame (which also becomes zero), the curvature components remain small. This means that all curvature invariants are small, and any perturbing corrections, such as charge, angular momentum, Ricci scalar, etc., can be neglected. However, in a freely falling frame (the reference frame of a distant asymptotic observer), the curvature components are very large. In our paper, we consider the influence of the perturbing parameter ℓ on the curvature invariants of black holes in the gravitational theory with Lorentz symmetry breaking. The results are compared with the Schwarzschild black hole solution, which can be obtained by substituting ℓ =0.
ACCRETION PROCESS TO GOULART MASSLESS WORMHOLE
Authors:   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, YUSUPOVA R.M.
Published: March 2023

Wormholes are topological tunnels in space. At the moment, these objects remain purely theoretical, but their existence has not been experimentally disproved. The main condition for the existence of wormholes is that the matter of which the wormhole consists must be exotic, i.e. at least the тгдд energy condition ρ+p_r>0 must be violated, where ρ is the energy density, p_r is the pressure along the radial coordinate r. In classical physics, it is generally assumed that matter cannot violate the energy condition, however, experiments conducted in laboratories studying the Casimir effect have shown that negative densities ρ<0 can exist. On the cosmological scale, dark energy has a negative density. This concept was introduced to explain the reason for the accelerated expansion of the Universe. It is believed that dark energy causes an anti-gravity effect and violates the energy condition. Although the nature of dark energy is still unclear, it can be assumed that wormholes consist of this type of energy. The paper proposes to consider the accretion of dark energy and non-phantom matter (dust, stiff matter, quintessence) to a massless wormhole with a scalar field. Accretion is the process of capturing matter by a massive object (neutron star, black hole and etc.) from vicinity, which leads to a change in the mass of the central object. This process is a widespread phenomenon in the Universe and is responsible for the formation of stars and planets. There is a hypothesis that supermassive black holes in the centers of spiral and elliptical galaxies could have formed due to accretion. As a result of the analysis of the process of accretion to a wormhole, it was found that, with the accretion of dark energy ρ<0, the mass of the central object increases/
The Effect of Personality Traits, Class Level, and Gender on EFL Learners' Online Learning Acceptance among Tunisian University Students
Authors: Bouzayenne Amani
Published: March 2023

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the transition from in-person instruction to online education. Most students in Tunisia repudiated such sudden transfer. This study, then, probes into factors that impact the online learning experience during the pandemic. Hence, it investigates the effect of affective variables, namely personality traits, on learners' acceptance of online learning in the Tunisian EFL formal university context. Additionally, it scrutinizes the relationship between remote learning on the one hand and class level and gender on the other hand. The considered variables are gauged using a Likert-scale response format questionnaire. The subjects are 150 Tunisian EFL university students at the Higher Institute of Applied Studies in Humanities of Gafsa. The data analysis procedures used are the alpha internal consistency coefficient informing about the instrument's reliability and the Spearman Rho correlation, giving insight into the correlations among the study variables. The study found that personality represents a good predictor of learners' acceptance of distance learning. Regarding the class level, no significant correlation was found between this variable and acceptance of online learning. The same insignificant correlation was detected between gender and Internet-based learning. Hence, the study concludes that considering learners' differences is primordial in accounting for the success of EFL online courses.
Daily students of general schools during the great patriotic war (on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic)
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alim I. Tetuev
Published: March 2023

For the first time, based on new archival documents and other sources, a reconstruction of the schoolchildren's daily life in wartime conditions was conducted using the example of the Kabardi-no-Balkarian Republic. This article reveals the influence of a restructuring of the school education system on the daily life of students’ education. The organization of military, physical training and patriotic education of students was analyzed. This work shows the activity of schoolchildren, help-ing the front, wounded soldiers in evacuated military hospitals, participation in the partisan movement. Forms of helping rears are studied: caring for the families of front-line soldiers, or-phans, participating in the restoration of the national economy and agricultural work. The experi-ence of the state work, party bodies and educational institutions in the law’s implementation on universal compulsory education of school-age children is summarized. Problems are analyzed: the introduction of separate education, “Rules for students”, and the quality of students’ knowledge. Difficulties in covering universal education are identified as the main reasons for dropout. It is concluded that the restructuring of the school education system in the interests of the front and rear has significantly affected the daily life of students. Military and physical training, patriotic and labor education of schoolchildren allowed them to help the front and rear and overcome the difficulties of wartime.
Historian of science in the historiographic space of Caucasian studies
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekova, Petr A. Kuzminov , Angela A. Zhurtova , Inna S. Tahusheva , Natalia S. Lavrova
Published: March 2023

The article explores the intricate workings of the development of Caucasian studies, the conver-sion of historical records into historiography, and the broadening of the historian's range of re-search methods. Interest in the internal problems of historiographic research is not accidental, since “the historian cannot but think about the intellectual prerequisites of his own research,” em-phasizes A.Ya. Gurevich, “which voluntarily or involuntarily determine both the methods he uses and the forms and structures of his constructions”. Recently, a broad comprehension of historio-graphic fact, as any fact that provides scientific data on the history of science, has been highlight-ed. The focus of historiographic research is mainly on the concept and paradigm, which reflects the researcher's stance on the issue being studied. In the history of science, a scheme for the sys-tematization of historiographic facts has been formed - firstly, the main facts that make it possible to reconstruct the concept (these are, first of all, the works of professional historians) are distin-guished, and, secondly, auxiliary facts that help to recreate the historian’s laboratory, the context of the creation of labor, the values of the era, etc. One of the most difficult problems of modern Caucasian studies is the analysis of the process of the metamorphosis of historical fact into histo-riographic. How is historical fact included in the system of historiographic relations? Are there any features in the development of this process in Caucasian studies, or do they correspond to all-Russian patterns? These responses assist us in recognizing certain trends in the evolution of his-torical science and Caucasian studies specifically.
Exploring Differential Item Functioning in PISA 2015 Science Test with the Rasch-tree
Authors:   Korean Society for Educational Evaluation, Jang Yoonsun , Lee Juyeon
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to introduce the Rasch-tree, which is Rasch model-based recursive partitioning, as a new method for differential item functioning(DIF) detection and to examine its usefulness by exploring DIF in PISA 2015 Science test data with the Rasch-tree. This study used 16 items binary response of PISA 2015 Science test and 41 variables related to the student, parent, family, teacher, science, and ICT. The results of this study showed that there are four subgroups splitted by the three variables, ‘Enjoyment of Science(JOYSCICE)’, ‘gender’, and ‘Child’s past science activities(PRESUPP)’, and the two DIF items were detected. These items had large differences in the estimate item difficulty parameters between these four subgroups, especially the group of students with high level of JOYSCIE and the group of female students with relatively low level of JOYSCIE. For these results, it was confirmed that the Rasch-tree could be effective for exploring DIF between latent classes by considering simultaneously multiple trait variables.
LWL and Literacy in PT and FT children
Authors: Marchman Virginia A. , Ashland Melanie , Loi Elizabeth C. , Munévar Mónica , Shannon Kat Adams , Feldman Heidi , Fernald Anne
Published: March 2023

Variation in skill at processing language in real time in toddlerhood, i.e., language processing efficiency, has been shown to be associated with variation in later language and non-verbal cognitive outcomes in full term (FT) and preterm (PT) children. However, no studies to date have assessed relations between early language processing efficiency and later pre-literacy skills and whether these relations operate directly on outcomes or indirectly, via relations to other skills, such as expressive language. In this study, participants (n=94, 49 FT, 45 PT) were assessed in the looking-while-listening (LWL) task at 18 months (corrected for degree of prematurity in PT group) and on standardized tests of pre-literacy skills (print knowledge and phonological awareness) and expressive language at 4 ½ years. Early language processing efficiency predicted pre-literacy outcomes (r2 change ranged from 7.8 to 19.5%, p < 0.01) in FT and PT children. These relations were significantly reduced when controlling for children’s expressive language abilities. However, processing speed and phonological awareness were also directly related. Parallel relations were observed in both birth groups. Thus, early real-time language processing efficiency in toddler years supports expressive language abilities at preschool age, which in turn supports developing pre-literacy skills in FT and PT children.
Tax Elasticity and Buoyancy in Nepal: A Revisit
Authors: Timsina Neelam
Published: March 2023

Tax elasticity and buoyancy estimates are the dynamic tools for measuring the tax performance. This study makes a revisit to the studies carried out earlier to measure tax elasticity and buoyancy in Nepal, in the context of the structural changes that have taken place in the tax system in recent years. The main objectives of the study are to measure the elasticity and buoyancy of tax and to ensure whether or not the tax system in Nepal is elastic. The study has applied time series regression approach for this empirical measurement. This study reveals that the tax system in Nepal is inelastic (less than unity) in the period 1975-2005 with a more than unitary buoyancy coefficients, thus reflecting that the bulk of revenue collection emanates from discretionary changes in the tax policy, rather than from automatic responses.
Do Budget Deficits Raise Interest Rates in Nepal?
Authors: Paudyal Shoora B.
Published: March 2023

This paper examines short term and long term relationship between nominal interest rates and budget deficits for Nepal using the data for 1988 to 2011. Engle and Granger Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) is applied for the analysis. The regression results show that budget deficits and budget deficits- GDP ratio do not have significant effects on nominal interest rates in Nepal. So, budget deficits in Nepal are interest rates neutral. We come to the conclusion that budget deficits are not crowding out the private investment in this country. However, the deficits have been increasing the burden of loans financing current consumption at the expense of the future consumption, which will have serious implications on the growth of economy.
Financial Literacy for Increasing Sustainable Access to Finance in Nepal
Authors: Chaulagain Ramesh Prasad
Published: March 2023

Recent policies and practices of Nepali financial sector are focused to establish financial institutions to increase people’s ‘access to finance’. As a result, the numbers of financial institutions licensed both by Nepal Rastra Bank and Government of Nepal are growing rapidly. All the institutions are doing the similar functions in the same market. The financial institutions licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank are classified into commercial banks, development banks, finance companies and micro finance development banks, whereas the Government of Nepal licenses to the saving and credit cooperative socieites (SACCOS). Despite the supply sided endeavors, the demand side considerations in financial sector is more silent. This creates a concern about the capability of people in consuming financial services. As a result, quality and sustainable access to finance are in question. Furthermore, the expansions of such institutions are also concentrated in urban, semi-urban and priviledged areas causing unequal distribution of institutions and limited access to finance. This situation has given rise to unhealthy competition among the actors focusing on earning rather than empowering the financial consumers. This paper explores how far the expansion of Banks and Financial Institutions including cooperatives assures the access to finance and its sustainability. The secondary data shows a significant growth of financial sector and an increment of number of people involved in financial transactions in the banking industry. However, the primary data of the study shows that such expansion is necessary but not sufficient condition to assure a sustainable access to finance. The study also explores the worth of financial literacy among the people both in urban and rural areas as one of the means to enhance people’s access to finance and its sustainability. The paper is based more on the discussion and analytical approach with a mix of secondary and primary sources of data.
Applicability of Portfolio Theory in Nepali Stock Market
Authors: Adhikari Sujan , Jha Pawan Kumar
Published: March 2023

In the rapidly growing stock market of Nepal, this study tests the applicability of the portfolio creation model and attempts to aware investors about the potential portfolio alternatives they can make to achieve their peculiar risk-return need, through a robust optimization model. A portfolio model using Markowitz mean-variance method is applied to calculate the optimal portfolio and portfolios fitting the investor specific needs, from a sample of 20 Group “A” listed companies on NEPSE. The monthly stock prices between April 2010 and December 2014 of sample companies are used as training data. And, the applicability of the model is tested based on their prices on April 2015. From the analysis it is concluded that such mean-variance optimization is applicable in Nepal. Furthermore, most of the stocks, even from different sectors, are highly correlated to each other illustrating the lack of diversification opportunity at NEPSE. Additionally, the significantly high volatility even at global minimum variance level illustrated the risky nature of business environment in the country. There is an opportunity for high return, but the investor’s willingness to gain this is tested through the high magnitude of minimum risk. These findings call for the policy makers’ immediate attention in creating a favorable environment to bring the real sector companies in the public trading realm and enhancing the commodities and derivatives market in the country, thereby helping stimulate the investment environment in Nepal.
Potential Output and Output Gap Estimates for Nepal
Authors: Poudyal Pradeep Raj , Budha Birendra Bahadur , Silpakar Sajana , Bhatta Siddha Raj , Thapa Nara Bahadur
Published: March 2023

Estimation of potential output and output gap is one of the key issues for the conduct of macroeconomic policies and structural reforms in the long-run as the idea of output gap helps decide on the stance of such policies. A positive output gap, for instance, indicates that aggregate demand exceeds the productive capacity of the economy resulting into inflationary pressure. In contrast, a negative output gap is associated with recession, spare capacity, disinflation, and unemployment rate above the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment. In case of Nepal, the potential output grew by 4.3 percent during 1976-2017. While potential output growth was above 4.5 percent during the 1980s and 1990s, fall in total factor productivity limited such growth to 4 percent on average after 2000. The results show that output gaps in Nepalese case are mainly determined by the supply shocks like weather conditions, natural disasters, and supply disruptions rather than fluctuations in aggregate demand.