bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic mesh repair of a labial hernia
Authors: Grange Philippe , Shakir Fevzi , Thiagamoorthy Ganesh , Araklitis George , Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda
Published: November 2017

Aims

To present a narrated video designed to demonstrate the steps involved in a laparoscopic mesh repair of a labial hernia.

Methods

This was in a 76‐year‐old woman who presented with a small bowel hernia in to her left labium majus. In 2014 she had a robotically assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer with anterior exenteration. She developed the hernia in February 2015 and initially a vaginal approach was attempted to repair the hernia (with layered non‐absorbable sutures to close the fascia over the defect) at her local hospital, although this was unsuccessful. A laparoscopic repair with mesh on the 10 May 2016 was undertaken at our unit.

Results

This was a complex case requiring a multi disciplinary approach and individualised care. The need for a mesh was obvious: however, the use of both synthetic and biological meshes to achieve an optimum result was unique and highly successful.

Conclusion

In this instance a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach where initial adhesiolysis was performed and then a synthetic mesh sandwiched in between two biological porcine meshes provided a unique management solution. The patient was seen 8 weeks post operatively and at 14 months after the procedure. She had complete resolution of her symptoms with no residual hernia.
Electro‐optic probe for real‐time assessments of RF electric field produced in an MRI scanner: Feasibility tests at 3 and 4.7 T
Authors: Saniour Isabelle , Gaborit Gwenaël , Perrier Anne‐Laure , Gillette Laurane , Revillod Guillaume , Sablong Raphaël , Duvillaret Lionel , Beuf Olivier
Published: November 2017

During magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, the average specific absorption rate (SAR) of the whole body is calculated as an index of global energy deposition in biological tissue without taking into account the presence of metallic implants or conductive materials. However, this global SAR calculation is not sufficient to ensure patient safety and a local SAR measurement should be carried out. Several measurement techniques have already been used to evaluate the local SAR, in particular electric field (E‐field) probes, but the accuracy of the measurements and the resolutions (spatial and temporal) depend strongly on the measurement method/probe. This work presents an MR‐compatible, subcentimeter probe based on an electro‐optic (EO) principle enabling a real‐time measurement of the local E‐field during MRI scans. The experiments using these probes were performed on two different MR systems (preclinical and clinical) having different static magnetic field strengths and with different volume coil geometries. The E‐field was measured with unloaded (in air) and loaded volume coils in order to assess the sensing characteristics of the optical probe. The results show an excellent linearity between the measured E‐field and the radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field in both experimental conditions. Moreover, the distribution of the E‐field throughout the volume coil was experimentally determined and was in good agreement with numerical simulations. Finally, we demonstrate through our measurements that the E‐field depends strongly on the dielectric properties of the medium.
Superconvergence analysis of Crank‐Nicolson Galerkin FEMs for a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Zhang Houchao , Wang Junjun
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this article is to apply nonconforming finite element(FE) to solve a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. First, a new important property of nonconforming FE (see (2.3) of Lemma 2 below) is proved by use of BHX lemma and the integral identities techniques. Second, a linearized Crank‐Nicolson fully discrete scheme is constructed and the superclose error estimate of order for original variable u in broken H1‐norm is also derived by using the properties of element and the splitting argument for nonlinear terms, while previous works always only obtain convergent error estimates with this element. Furthermore, the global superconvergence is arrived at by the interpolated postprocessing technique. Finally, two numerical experiments are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis. Here, h is the subdivision parameter and τ is the time step.
Diversity of Thermogenic Capacity Predicts Divergent Obesity Susceptibility in a Wild Rodent
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Ying , Shen Wei , Liu Ding‐Zhen , Wang De‐Hua
Published: November 2017

Objective

The objective of the present study was to examine whether wild rodents exhibit diverse obesity susceptibility and what factors predispose subjects to this divergence in response to a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Methods

Sixty male and female Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) were fed an HFD for 8 weeks, and the upper (obesity prone [OP]) and lower (obesity resistant [OR]) one‐third for mass gain were selected. Energy budgets and pathologic changes were measured. Another 30 males were fed a low‐fat control diet (LFD) for 10 weeks and then fed an HFD for 12 weeks. The energetic parameters of the rodents on an LFD were analyzed for the correlation with body mass of the rodents on an HFD.

Results

OP voles had higher energy intakes, higher levels of noradrenaline‐induced nonshivering thermogenesis, and a greater impairment of insulin tolerance than OR voles. Unlike laboratory rodents, there were no differences in physical activity or resting metabolic rate between these groups of voles. The thermogenic capacity during LFD feeding was the strongest predictor for mass gain during HFD feeding.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a wild rodent species of Brandt's voles exhibits diverse obesity susceptibility in reaction to an HFD, providing a natural model to give insight into the mechanisms for divergent obesity susceptibility. This study also indicates that maximum thermogenic capacity has a predictive power for the development of obesity when an HFD was available.
Needle‐Leaf‐Like Cu2Mo6S8 Films for Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Hong Xiaodan , Liu Qun , Iocozzia James , Gong Cheng , Kong Lingqing , Liu Xiangyang , Ye Meidan , Lin Zhiqun
Published: November 2017

Ternary sulfide Cu2Mo6S8 films with needle‐leaf‐like structures are grown on copper plates via a facile two‐step route. The needle‐leaf‐like Cu2Mo6S8 structures are directly converted from pregrown Cu(OH)2 nanowires on copper plates via a hydrothermal process. Interestingly, under visible light the hierarchically structured Cu2Mo6S8 films exhibit significantly improved photocatalytic performance in the degradation of methylene blue dye when compared to Cu(OH)2 nanowires. This result is attributed to the larger surface area from the dendritic Cu2Mo6S8 structures and the inherently faster charge transport rate of Cu2Mo6S8 as compared to Cu(OH)2.
Control of Dynamic Properties of InAs/InAlGaAs/InP Hybrid Quantum Well‐Quantum Dot Structures Designed as Active Parts of 1.55 μm Emitting Lasers
Authors: Rudno‐Rudziński Wojciech , Syperek Marcin , Maryński Aleksander , Andrzejewski Janusz , Misiewicz Jan , Bauer Sven , Sichkovskyi Vitalii I. , Reithmaier Johann P. , Schowalter Marco , Gerken Beeke , Rosenauer Andreas , Sęk Grzegorz
Published: November 2017

The molecular beam epitaxy grown structures are investigated, comprising of InGaAs quantum wells (QW) separated by a thin InGaAlAs barrier from InAs quantum dots (QDs), emitting at 1.55 μm, grown on an InP substrate. To control the coupling between QW and QD parts the thickness of the barrier is changed, which commands the wave function overlap. The tuning of that parameter allows for the study of the influence of the QW potential on the energy structure of states and their wave functions in QDs, changing from an uncoupled system, where the optical response is just a sum of responses from two isolated elements, to a strongly quantum mechanically coupled system, exhibiting mixed 2D‐0D characteristics. The changes of the energy structure that are deduced from the photoreflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy results, supported by 8‐band k · p modeling, explain the measured differences in the photoluminescence decay times between samples with different barrier thicknesses.
Surface Morphology and Microstructure of Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtered Piezoelectric AlN and AlScN Thin Films
Authors: Lu Yuan , Reusch Markus , Kurz Nicolas , Ding Anli , Christoph Tim , Kirste Lutz , Lebedev Vadim , Žukauskaitė Agnė
Published: November 2017

Reactive pulsed DC magnetron co‐sputtering is used to grow piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) thin films on Si(001) substrates. By using grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), we investigate how the microstructure and the presence of misoriented grains affect the piezoelectric properties of the material. N2 concentration and target‐to‐substrate distance are finely tuned to achieve thin films without misoriented grains, resulting in Al0.87Sc0.13N thin films with low roughness, high degree of c‐axis orientation, homogenous polarity, and piezoelectric coefficient d33 = −12.3 pC/N.
Study of InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Solar Cells With Different Barrier Thicknesses
Authors: Cai Xiaomei M. , Lv Xueqin Q. , Huang Xiaojing J. , Wang Xiulin L. , Wang Minshuai S. , Yang Lan , Zhu Huili L. , Zhang Baoping P.
Published: November 2017

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells (MQW‐SCs) with different barrier thicknesses are investigated. By comparing both the material property and device performance, it is demonstrated within our study that thinner barrier thickness in MQW‐SCs favors the transport of photogenerated carriers, but may be also accompanied by larger leakage current. An optimal trade‐off depends on the suitable barrier thickness. In addition, it also indicates that inadequate p‐type doping and unique polarization field have detrimental effects on carrier collection.
Safety evaluation of p‐synephrine following 15 days of oral administration to healthy subjects: A clinical study
Authors: Shara Mohd , Stohs Sidney J. , Smadi Mahmoud M.
Published: November 2017

Extracts of bitter orange (BOE, Citrus aurantium L.) and its primary protoalkaloid p‐synephrine are extensively consumed as dietary supplements. p‐Synephrine is also present in foods and juices prepared from various Citrus species. The safety of p‐synephrine has been questioned as a result of structural similarities with ephedrine. This study assessed the cardiovascular (stimulant) and hemodynamic effects of BOE (49 mg p‐synephrine) daily given to 16 healthy subjects for 15 days in a placebo‐controlled, cross‐over, double‐blinded study. A physical evaluation by a cardiologist, as well as heart rates, blood pressures, and electrocardiograms were determined, and blood samples were drawn at baseline, and Days 5, 10, and 15. Serum levels for caffeine and p‐synephrine were measured at 1 and 2 weeks. Subjects completed a 10‐item health and metabolic questionnaire at baseline and on Day 15. No significant changes occurred in heart rate, electrocardiograms, systolic blood or diastolic pressures, blood cell counts, or blood chemistries in either the control or p‐synephrine treated groups at any time point. No adverse effects were reported in response to the bitter orange (p‐synephrine). Caffeine consumed by the participants varied markedly. Under these experimental conditions, BOE and p‐synephrine were without stimulant (cardiovascular) and adverse effects.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with herbal medicine on chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Anushiravani Majid , Bakhshaee Mahdi , Taghipour Ali , Naghedi‐Baghdar Hamideh , Farshchi Masoumeh Kaboli , Hoseini Seyed Saeed , Mehri Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2017

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease with evidence to show that its incidence and prevalence are increasing. Medicinal plants are commonly used to treat CRS. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of herbal preparations for treatment of the patients with CRS. Cochran, Embase, ISI, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched until August 1, 2016. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Four randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. Various medicinal plants were studied in each article. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, and outcome measures varied among different articles. The results of this trials showed that this special medicinal plants may be effective in the treatment of CRS. No serious reactions were reported during the administration of herbal remedies in the 4 studies. However, trials with a well‐designed approach are needed to study the actual safety and efficacy of herbs in the treatment of CRS.
Optimal fabrication methods for miniature coplanar ion traps
Authors: Decker Trevor K. , Tian Yuan , McClellan Joshua S. , Bennett Linsey , Lammert Stephen A. , Austin Daniel E. , Hawkins Aaron R.
Published: November 2017

Rationale

Ion trap mass spectrometers are beneficial due to their intrinsic sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, a portable version for in situ analysis of various compounds is very attractive. Miniaturization of ion traps is paramount for the portability of such mass spectrometers.

Methods

We developed an optimized design for a planar linear ion trap mass spectrometer, consisting of two trapping plates with photolithographically patterned electrodes. Each plate is constructed using a machined glass substrate and standard microfabrication procedures. The plates are attached to a patterned circuit board via wire bonds then positioned approximately 5 mm apart.

Results

Trapped ions are detected by ejecting them through tapered slits, which alleviate charge buildup. Mass analysis can be performed through either boundary or resonant ion ejection. Better than unit mass resolution is demonstrated with resonant ejection.

Conclusions

The optimized planar linear ion trap provides good resolution and the potential for further miniaturization. This was accomplished by vigorously testing variables associated with ion trap design including electrical connections, substrate materials, and electrode designs.
N and O isotope (δ15Nα, δ15Nβ, δ18O, δ17O) analyses of dissolved NO3− and NO2− by the Cd‐azide reduction method and N2O laser spectrometry
Authors: Wassenaar Leonard I. , Douence Cedric , Altabet Mark A. , Aggarwal Pradeep K.
Published: November 2017

Rationale

The nitrogen and oxygen (δ15N, δ18O, δ17O) isotopic compositions of NO3− and NO2− are important tracers of nutrient dynamics in soil, rain, groundwater and oceans. The Cd‐azide method was used to convert NO3− or NO2− to N2O for N and triple‐O isotopic analyses by N2O laser spectrometry. A protocol for laser‐based headspace isotope analyses was compared with isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Lasers provide the ability to directly measure 17O anomalies which can help discern atmospheric N sources.

Methods

δ15N, δ18O and δ17O values were measured on N/O stable isotopic reference materials (IAEA, USGS) by conversion to N2O using the Cd‐azide method and headspace N2O laser spectrometry. A 15N tracer test assessed the position‐specific routing of N to the α or β positions in the N2O molecule. A data processing algorithm was used to correct for isotopic dependencies on N2O concentration, cavity pressure and water content.

Results

NO3−/NO2− nitrogen is routed to the 15Nα position of N2O in the azide reaction; hence the δ15Nα value should be used for N2O laser spectrometry results. With corrections for cavity pressure, N2O concentration and water content, the δ15NαAIR, δ18OVSMOW and δ17OVSMOW values (‰) of international reference materials were +4.8 ± 0.1, +25.9 ± 0.3, +12.7 ± 0.2 (IAEA NO3), −1.7 ± 0.1, −26.8 ± 0.8, −14.4 ± 1.1 (USGS34) and +2.6 ± 0.1, +57.6 ± 1.2, +51.2 ± 2.0 (USGS35), in agreement with their values and with the isotope ratio mass spectrometry results. The 17O excess for USGS35 was +21.2 ± 9‰, in good agreement with previous results.

Conclusions

The Cd‐azide method yielded excellent results for routine determination of δ15N, δ18O and δ17O values (and the 17O excess) of nitrate or nitrite by laser spectrometry. Disadvantages are the toxicity of Cd‐azide chemicals and the lack of automated sampling devices for N2O laser spectrometers. The 15N‐enriched tracer test revealed potential for position‐specific experimentation of aqueous nutrient dynamics at high 15N enrichments by laser spectrometry, but exposed the need for memory corrections and improved spectral deconvolution of 17O.
Pericyclic Reactions for Anti‐HPV Antivirals: Unconventional Nucleoside Analogue Synthesis via Nitrosocarbonyl Chemistry
Authors: Al‐Saad Dalya , Memeo Misal Giuseppe , Quadrelli Paolo
Published: November 2017

A new adenine derivative is prepared through the chemistry of nitrosocarbonyl intermediates. The synthesis relies upon the functionalization of adenine by inserting an ester moiety, to be transformed into the corresponding hydroxamic acid. The oxidation conducted in situ in the presence of cyclopentadiene afforded the hetero Diels‐Alder cycloadduct, furtherly elaborated to give the target nucleoside analogue. This single product displayed a selective high activity against HPV. The EC50 and EC90 values are remarkably lower than the values collected for Cidofovir used as control drug. The EC50 is 39 times lower while the CC50 value is 97.11 μM.
Facile Synthesis of Halloysite Nanotubes‐Supported Acidic Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Tunable Acidity for Efficient Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhang Yunlei , Zhu Enwei , Jin Pei , Wang Kai , Zhao Jiaojiao , Li Chunxiang , Yan Yongsheng
Published: November 2017

In this work, a novel composite solid acid catalyst, i. e. PVP‐HNTs@UiO‐66‐SO3H−X (X=0.5, 1, 2, 3), was obtained in the first time. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was employed as the carrier for immobilizing acidic metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) of UiO‐66‐SO3H−X, where X stands the amount of immobilized acidic MOFs. By simply varying the ratio of supporter and acidic MOFs, the acid functional sites of composite solid acid catalyst can be effectively adjusted. Then the obtained composite solid acid catalyst was well characterized and systematically investigated in the fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) transformation. Under the optimized reaction conditions, with the presence of PVP‐HNTs@UiO‐66‐SO3H‐2, the 92.4% HMF yield was obtained. What's more, the PVP‐HNTs@UiO‐66‐SO3H‐2 can be easily recycled at least five times without significant loss of activity.
Influence of Silica Size on Properties of Poly[(Butylene Succinate)‐Co‐Adipate]/Butyl‐Etherified High‐Amylose Starch Blend Composites
Authors: Maubane Lesego , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Jalama Kalala
Published: November 2017

In this study, hydrophilic microsilica and nanosilica particles are dispersed in poly[(butylene succinate)‐co‐adipate]/butyl‐etherified high‐amylose starch (PBSA/BHAS) blends in order to stabilize the morphology by refining the droplet sizes of BHAS phase. The composites are prepared through melt processing in a batch mixer at varying screw speeds. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed the dispersion and localization of microsilica particles in the PBSA matrix and nanosilica particles in the dispersed BHAS phase. The increase in the screw speed promoted migration of some microsilica particles from the PBSA matrix to the dispersed BHAS phase, while nanosilica particles are mostly localized in the BHAS phase at both screw speeds. This led to changes in viscosity ratios that resulted in a variation in the morphology development. In conclusion, PBSA/BHAS blend composites containing both micro‐ and nanosilica particles are studied and a correlation between the silica particle sizes, localization, and the final properties was established.
Saccharomyces interspecies hybrids as model organisms for studying yeast adaptation to stressful environments
Authors: Lopandic Ksenija
Published: November 2017

The strong development of molecular biology techniques and next‐generation sequencing technologies in the last two decades has significantly improved our understanding of the evolutionary history of Saccharomyces yeasts. It has been shown that many strains isolated from man‐made environments are not pure genetic lines, but contain genetic materials from different species that substantially increase their genome complexity. A number of strains have been described as interspecies hybrids, implying different yeast species that under specific circumstances exchange and recombine their genomes. Such fusing usually results in a wide variety of alterations at the genetic and chromosomal levels. The observed changes have suggested a high genome plasticity and a significant role of interspecies hybridization in the adaptation of yeasts to environmental stresses and industrial processes. There is a high probability that harsh wine and beer fermentation environments, from which the majority of interspecies hybrids have been isolated so far, influence their selection and stabilization as well as their genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity. The lessons we have learned about geno‐ and phenotype plasticity and the diversity of natural and commercial yeast hybrids have already had a strong impact on the development of artificial hybrids that can be successfully used in the fermentation‐based food and beverage industry. The creation of artificial hybrids through the crossing of strains with desired attributes is a possibility to obtain a vast variety of new, but not genetically modified yeasts with a range of improved and beneficial traits. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refining the Definitions of Biochemical and Clinical Cure for Primary Aldosteronism Using the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) Classification System
Authors: Miller B. S. , Turcu A. F. , Nanba A. T. , Hughes D. T. , Cohen M. S. , Gauger P. G. , Auchus R. J.
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Determination of outcomes after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA) is limited by the lack of standardized definitions of cure. The Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcomes (PASO) group recently established new consensus definitions for biochemical and clinical cure of PA. We hypothesize that utilization of PASO definitions will better stratify patient outcomes after surgery compared to original and current criteria utilized to document cure.

Materials and Methods

Patients undergoing adrenalectomy for PA from 1996 to 2016 were studied. Clinical data were reviewed. Three different sets of criteria (original, current, and PASO) were evaluated for differences in documentation of cure. Demographic data were reported as median (range). Comparisons were made using the Mann–Whitney U test; p < 0.05 is significant.

Results

A total of 314 patients with PA were identified. Ninety patients (60 males) elected to proceed with surgery. In Group 1 (35 patients), 30 patients had clinical follow‐up and 29 (97%) were cured using original criteria. In Group 2 (55 patients), cure was recorded in 98% when original criteria for cure were applied, 89% cured applying current criteria, and 6% had complete biochemical and clinical cure by PASO criteria. Aldosterone rose 3.6 ng/dL (0.1–34.8) in five patients during extended follow‐up, with two patients changing from complete to partial or missing biochemical success.

Conclusion

Significant heterogeneity exists in outcomes criteria utilized to document cure or clinical improvement after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism. Aldosterone levels change over time after adrenalectomy. PASO definitions of cure appear to allow for improved stratification of short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Are two brands better than one? Investigating the effects of co-branding in advertising on audience memory
Authors: Nguyen Cathy , Romaniuk Jenni , Faulkner Margaret , Cohen Justin
Published: November 2017

Co-branded advertising, where advertisements feature two partnered brands from different categories, should ideally benefit both brands. We test this assertion by studying the effect of featuring a second brand in advertisements on ad and brand name memorability, and the role of category context on which brand is recalled. Our test covers online display advertisements for consumer-packaged brands paired with charity and retailer brands in three markets (USA, UK, and Australia). Independent sample comparisons across 54 brand pairs show that advertising two brands has a neutral effect on ad memorability and negative effect on brand memorability. Furthermore, the advertisement’s category context determines which of the brands is recalled. Our findings support a competitive interference theory of dual-brand processing, whereby the two brands compete for attention resources. The results have implications for the return on investment from advertising expenditure, which will vary substantively depending on whether the costs of advertising are shared or borne by one brand in the pair.
Toward a New Social Contract? The Participation of Civil Society in Swedish Welfare Policymaking, 1958–2012
Authors: Lundberg Erik
Published: November 2017

In contribution to current debates on the changing roles and responsibilities of civil society in welfare state arrangements, I examined the participation of various types of civil society organizations in national welfare policymaking in Sweden between 1958 and 2012. Drawing upon an extensive dataset of over 1400 civil society, state, and for-profit organizations, I tested three claims related to the role and responsibility of civil society in the governance of welfare: the changing balance between corporatist and welfare organizations, the shift from voice to service, and another shift from nonprofit organizations to FPOs. My results revealed weak but emerging trends aligned with changing patterns of corporatism and the marketization of Sweden’s welfare system. However, support for any shift from voice to service remains uncertain.
Erratum to: Mechanism of Phospholipid Hydrolysis for Oyster Crassostrea plicatula Phospholipids During Storage Using Shotgun Lipidomics
Authors: Chen Qinsheng , Wang Xincen , Cong Peixu , Liu Yanjun , Wang Yuming , Xu Jie , Xue Changhu
Published: November 2017

Erratum to: Lipids https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745‐017‐4305‐7
The pulsed high magnetic field facility and scientific research at Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center
Authors: Han Xiaotao , Peng Tao , Ding Hongfa , Ding Tonghai , Zhu Zengwei , Xia Zhengcai , Wang Junfeng , Han Junbo , Ouyang Zhongwen , Wang Zhenxing , Han Yibo , Xiao Houxiu , Cao Quanliang , Lv Yiliang , Pan Yuan , Li Liang
Published: November 2017

Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC) at Huazhong University of Science and Technology is one of the top-class research centers in the world, which can offer pulsed fields up to 90.6 T with different field waveforms for scientific research and has passed the final evaluation of the Chinese government in 2014. This paper will give a brief introduction of the facility and the development status of pulsed magnetic fields research at WHMFC. In addition, it will describe the application development of pulsed magnetic fields in both scientific and industrial research.
History, providence and the apocalyptic Paul
Authors: Macaskill Grant
Published: November 2017

The debate concerning the apocalyptic Paul has been narrowly focused on the continuity/discontinuity of historical events in his writings, but if this question is to be considered theologically, it must be seen to concern a specific or localisedpartof God's relationship with creation, as classically understood in terms of ‘providence’. Because it informs all talk of God's involvement with the cosmos, providence establishes necessary linkages between otherwise separate concepts. Relocating the debate within the framework of providence allows the seemingly irreconcilable claims made on each side to be relativised, such that each may be seen as valid when understood to represent distinct areas within a bigger account of the relationship of God and cosmos. At the same time, this recognition necessarily constrains the language with which the claims ought to be made. All of this provides a safeguarded space within which the details of the Pauline texts can be considered without the risk of naïve naturalisation.
The primacy of patrimony: kinship strategies of the political elite of Turin in the late Middle Ages (1340–1490)
Authors: GRAVELA MARTA
Published: November 2017

Combining family history and the analysis of political elites, this article explores the development of the urban elite of Turin (Piedmont) in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, through an analysis of the transformations in the kinships forming the ruling class, with particular regard to their structures and strategies for social and economic reproduction. The deep changes that affected this group and eventually led to its extinction and replacement by a new elite are addressed. It is argued that, alongside institutional rearrangements determined by the Dukes of Savoy, the inheritance strategies pursued by the kinships in order to preserve their economic and political role played a crucial part in their demise.
Recent advances in empirical analysis on growth and environment: introduction
Authors: Halkos George , Managi Shunsuke
Published: November 2017

Recently, there has been significant research interest in the empirical formulations of the environment-income relationship using both global and disaggregated data. Advances in methods and availability of better and more extensive data make the old topic of growth and environment a unique field for Environment and Development Economics, among other journals. Conventionally, the environmental Kuznets curve has been important in testing for emissions of many pollutants in many different countries. Now, policy and institutional data including transparency variables are available, making many social and economic factors interesting for policy analysts. In light of these advances, and the existing associated empirical problems in analyzing the income-environment relationship, the key findings of each paper in this special issue are discussed and connected to the related areas of research interest.
Reminiscence Therapy for Depression in Dementia
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Weber Simon A. , Siebert Anke , Forstmeier Simon , Kohlmann Thomas , Rapp Michael A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We investigated the efficacy of reminiscence therapy (RT) on symptoms of depression in patients with mild to moderate dementia. Out of 227 patients with mild to moderate dementia from a specialized physician’s office, 27 pairs (N = 54; mean age 79.04 ± 6.16 years) who had either received treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU combined with RT, were matched retrospectively according to age as well as cognitive and depressive symptom scores. After controlling for age and sex, symptoms of depression significantly decreased over time in the RT group compared to TAU (F1,52 = 4.36; p < .05). RT is a promising option for the treatment of depression in mild to moderate dementia. Larger randomized-controlled trials are needed.
Odd viscosity in chiral active fluids
Authors: Banerjee Debarghya , Souslov Anton , Abanov Alexander G. , Vitelli Vincenzo
Published: November 2017

We study the hydrodynamics of fluids composed of self-spinning objects such as chiral grains or colloidal particles subject to torques. These chiral active fluids break both parity and time-reversal symmetries in their non-equilibrium steady states. As a result, the constitutive relations of chiral active media display a dissipationless linear-response coefficient called odd (or equivalently, Hall) viscosity. This odd viscosity does not lead to energy dissipation, but gives rise to a flow perpendicular to applied pressure. We show how odd viscosity arises from non-linear equations of hydrodynamics with rotational degrees of freedom, once linearized around a non-equilibrium steady state characterized by large spinning speeds. Next, we explore odd viscosity in compressible fluids and suggest how our findings can be tested in the context of shock propagation experiments. Finally, we show how odd viscosity in weakly compressible chiral active fluids can lead to density and pressure excess within vortex cores.
GWAS for male-pattern baldness identifies 71 susceptibility loci explaining 38% of the risk
Authors: Pirastu Nicola , Joshi Peter K. , de Vries Paul S. , Cornelis Marilyn C. , McKeigue Paul M. , Keum NaNa , Franceschini Nora , Colombo Marco , Giovannucci Edward L. , Spiliopoulou Athina , Franke Lude , North Kari E. , Kraft Peter , Morrison Alanna C. , Esko Tõnu , Wilson James F.
Published: November 2017

Male pattern baldness (MPB) or androgenetic alopecia is one of the most common conditions affecting men, reaching a prevalence of ~50% by the age of 50; however, the known genes explain little of the heritability. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide association study including more than 70,000 men, identifying 71 independently replicated loci, of which 30 are novel. These loci explain 38% of the risk, suggesting that MPB is less genetically complex than other complex traits. We show that many of these loci contain genes that are relevant to the pathology and highlight pathways and functions underlying baldness. Finally, despite only showing genome-wide genetic correlation with height, pathway-specific genetic correlations are significant for traits including lifespan and cancer. Our study not only greatly increases the number of MPB loci, illuminating the genetic architecture, but also provides a new approach to disentangling the shared biological pathways underlying complex diseases.
Uplift of the central transantarctic mountains
Authors: Wannamaker Phil , Hill Graham , Stodt John , Maris Virginie , Ogawa Yasuo , Selway Kate , Boren Goran , Bertrand Edward , Uhlmann Daniel , Ayling Bridget , Green A. Marie , Feucht Daniel
Published: November 2017

The Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) are the world’s longest rift shoulder but the source of their high elevation is enigmatic. To discriminate the importance of mechanical vs. thermal sources of support, a 550 km-long transect of magnetotelluric geophysical soundings spanning the central TAM was acquired. These data reveal a lithosphere of high electrical resistivity to at least 150 km depth, implying a cold stable state well into the upper mantle. Here we find that the central TAM most likely are elevated by a non-thermal, flexural cantilever mechanism which is perhaps the most clearly expressed example anywhere. West Antarctica in this region exhibits a low resistivity, moderately hydrated asthenosphere, and concentrated extension (rift necking) near the central TAM range front but with negligible thermal encroachment into the TAM. Broader scale heat flow of east-central West Antarctica appears moderate, on the order of 60–70 mW m−2, lower than that of the U.S. Great Basin.
Deterministic and robust room-temperature exchange coupling in monodomain multiferroic BiFeO3 heterostructures
Authors: Saenrang W. , Davidson B. A. , Maccherozzi F. , Podkaminer J. P. , Irwin J. , Johnson R. D. , Freeland J. W. , Íñiguez J. , Schad J. L. , Reierson K. , Frederick J. C. , Vaz C. A. F. , Howald L. , Kim T. H. , Ryu S. , Veenendaal M. v. , Radaelli P. G. , Dhesi S. S. , Rzchowski M. S. , Eom C. B.
Published: November 2017

Exploiting multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films in spintronic devices requires deterministic and robust control of both internal magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3, as well as exchange coupling of its antiferromagnetic order to a ferromagnetic overlayer. Previous reports utilized approaches based on multi-step ferroelectric switching with multiple ferroelectric domains. Because domain walls can be responsible for fatigue, contain localized charges intrinsically or via defects, and present problems for device reproducibility and scaling, an alternative approach using a monodomain magnetoelectric state with single-step switching is desirable. Here we demonstrate room temperature, deterministic and robust, exchange coupling between monodomain BiFeO3 films and Co overlayer that is intrinsic (i.e., not dependent on domain walls). Direct coupling between BiFeO3 antiferromagnetic order and Co magnetization is observed, with ~ 90° in-plane Co moment rotation upon single-step switching that is reproducible for hundreds of cycles. This has important consequences for practical, low power non-volatile magnetoelectric devices utilizing BiFeO3.
Bacterially derived synthetic mimetics of mammalian oligomannose prime antibody responses that neutralize HIV infectivity
Authors: Pantophlet Ralph , Trattnig Nino , Murrell Sasha , Lu Naiomi , Chau Dennis , Rempel Caitlin , Wilson Ian A. , Kosma Paul
Published: November 2017

Oligomannose-type glycans are among the major targets on the gp120 component of the HIV envelope protein (Env) for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, attempts to elicit oligomannose-specific nAbs by immunizing with natural or synthetic oligomannose have so far not been successful, possibly due to B cell tolerance checkpoints. Here we design and synthesize oligomannose mimetics, based on the unique chemical structure of a recently identified bacterial lipooligosaccharide, to appear foreign to the immune system. One of these mimetics is bound avidly by members of a family of oligomannose-specific bnAbs and their putative common germline precursor when presented as a glycoconjugate. The crystal structure of one of the mimetics bound to a member of this bnAb family confirms the antigenic resemblance. Lastly, immunization of human-antibody transgenic animals with a lead mimetic evokes nAbs with specificities approaching those of existing bnAbs. These results provide evidence for utilizing antigenic mimicry to elicit oligomannose-specific bnAbs to HIV-1.
Regulation of gene expression and RNA editing in Drosophila adapting to divergent microclimates
Authors: Yablonovitch Arielle L. , Fu Jeremy , Li Kexin , Mahato Simpla , Kang Lin , Rashkovetsky Eugenia , Korol Abraham B. , Tang Hua , Michalak Pawel , Zelhof Andrew C. , Nevo Eviatar , Li Jin Billy
Published: November 2017

Determining the mechanisms by which a species adapts to its environment is a key endeavor in the study of evolution. In particular, relatively little is known about how transcriptional processes are fine-tuned to adjust to different environmental conditions. Here we studyDrosophila melanogasterfrom ‘Evolution Canyon’ in Israel, which consists of two opposing slopes with divergent microclimates. We identify several hundred differentially expressed genes and dozens of differentially edited sites between flies from each slope, correlate these changes with genetic differences, and use CRISPR mutagenesis to validate that an intronic SNP inpromininregulates its editing levels. We also demonstrate that while temperature affects editing levels at more sites than genetic differences, genetically regulated sites tend to be less affected by temperature. This work shows the extent to which gene expression and RNA editing differ between flies from different microclimates, and provides insights into the regulation responsible for these differences.
Conventional CD4+ T cells present bacterial antigens to induce cytotoxic and memory CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Cruz-Adalia Aránzazu , Ramirez-Santiago Guillermo , Osuna-Pérez Jesús , Torres-Torresano Mónica , Zorita Virgina , Martínez-Riaño Ana , Boccasavia Viola , Borroto Aldo , Martínez del Hoyo Gloria , González-Granado José María , Alarcón Balbino , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco , Veiga Esteban
Published: November 2017

Bacterial phagocytosis and antigen cross-presentation to activate CD8+ T cells are principal functions of professional antigen presenting cells. However, conventional CD4+ T cells also capture and kill bacteria from infected dendritic cells in a process termed transphagocytosis (also known as transinfection). Here, we show that transphagocytic T cells present bacterial antigens to naive CD8+ T cells, which proliferate and become cytotoxic in response. CD4+ T-cell-mediated antigen presentation also occurs in vivo in the course of infection, and induces the generation of central memory CD8+ T cells with low PD-1 expression. Moreover, transphagocytic CD4+ T cells induce protective anti-tumour immune responses by priming CD8+ T cells, highlighting the potential of CD4+ T cells as a tool for cancer immunotherapy.
The role of CXCR3/LRP1 cross-talk in the invasion of primary brain tumors
Authors: Boyé Kevin , Pujol Nadège , D Alves Isabel , Chen Ya-Ping , Daubon Thomas , Lee Yi-Zong , Dedieu Stephane , Constantin Marion , Bello Lorenzo , Rossi Marco , Bjerkvig Rolf , Sue Shih-Che , Bikfalvi Andreas , Billottet Clotilde
Published: November 2017

CXCR3 plays important roles in angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer. However, the precise mechanism of regulation and activity in tumors is not well known. We focused on CXCR3-A conformation and on the mechanisms controlling its activity and trafficking and investigated the role of CXCR3/LRP1 cross talk in tumor cell invasion. Here we report that agonist stimulation induces an anisotropic response with conformational changes of CXCR3-A along its longitudinal axis. CXCR3-A is internalized via clathrin-coated vesicles and recycled by retrograde trafficking. We demonstrate that CXCR3-A interacts with LRP1. Silencing of LRP1 leads to an increase in the magnitude of ligand-induced conformational change with CXCR3-A focalized at the cell membrane, leading to a sustained receptor activity and an increase in tumor cell migration. This was validated in patient-derived glioma cells and patient samples. Our study defines LRP1 as a regulator of CXCR3, which may have important consequences for tumor biology.
The energy cost of polypeptide knot formation and its folding consequences
Authors: Bustamante Andrés , Sotelo-Campos Juan , Guerra Daniel G. , Floor Martin , Wilson Christian A. M. , Bustamante Carlos , Báez Mauricio
Published: November 2017

Knots are natural topologies of chains. Yet, little is known about spontaneous knot formation in a polypeptide chain—an event that can potentially impair its folding—and about the effect of a knot on the stability and folding kinetics of a protein. Here we used optical tweezers to show that the free energy cost to form a trefoil knot in the denatured state of a polypeptide chain of 120 residues is 5.8 ± 1 kcal mol−1. Monte Carlo dynamics of random chains predict this value, indicating that the free energy cost of knot formation is of entropic origin. This cost is predicted to remain above 3 kcal mol−1 for denatured proteins as large as 900 residues. Therefore, we conclude that naturally knotted proteins cannot attain their knot randomly in the unfolded state but must pay the cost of knotting through contacts along their folding landscape.
Redox-independent chromium isotope fractionation induced by ligand-promoted dissolution
Authors: Saad Emily M. , Wang Xiangli , Planavsky Noah J. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Tang Yuanzhi
Published: November 2017

The chromium (Cr) isotope system has emerged as a potential proxy for tracing the Earth’s atmospheric evolution based on a redox-dependent framework for Cr mobilization and isotope fractionation. Although studies have demonstrated that redox-independent pathways can also mobilize Cr, no quantitative constraints exist on the associated isotope fractionations. Here we survey the effects of common environmental ligands on the dissolution of Cr(III)-(oxy)hydroxide solids and associated Cr isotope fractionation. For a variety of organic acids and siderophores, δ53Cr values of dissolved Cr(III) are −0.27 to 1.23‰, within the range of previously observed Cr isotope signatures in rock records linked to Cr redox cycling. Thus, ligand-promoted dissolution of Cr-containing solids, a redox-independent process, must be taken into account when using sedimentary Cr isotope signatures to diagnose atmospheric oxygen levels. This work provides a step towards establishing a more robust framework for using Cr isotopes to track the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Mapping tenascin-C interaction with toll-like receptor 4 reveals a new subset of endogenous inflammatory triggers
Authors: Zuliani-Alvarez Lorena , Marzeda Anna M. , Deligne Claire , Schwenzer Anja , McCann Fiona E. , Marsden Brian D. , Piccinini Anna M. , Midwood Kim S.
Published: November 2017

Pattern recognition underpins innate immunity; the accurate identification of danger, including infection, injury, or tumor, is key to an appropriately targeted immune response. Pathogen detection is increasingly well defined mechanistically, but the discrimination of endogenous inflammatory triggers remains unclear. Tenascin-C, a matrix protein induced upon tissue damage and expressed by tumors, activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sterile inflammation. Here we map three sites within tenascin-C that directly and cooperatively interact with TLR4. We also identify a conserved inflammatory epitope in related proteins from diverse families, and demonstrate that its presence targets molecules for TLR detection, while its absence enables escape of innate immune surveillance. These data reveal a unique molecular code that defines endogenous proteins as inflammatory stimuli by marking them for recognition by TLRs.
Rapid neo-sex chromosome evolution and incipient speciation in a major forest pest
Authors: Bracewell Ryan R. , Bentz Barbara J. , Sullivan Brian T. , Good Jeffrey M.
Published: November 2017

Genome evolution is predicted to be rapid following the establishment of new (neo) sex chromosomes, but it is not known if neo-sex chromosome evolution plays an important role in speciation. Here we combine extensive crossing experiments with population and functional genomic data to examine neo-XY chromosome evolution and incipient speciation in the mountain pine beetle. We find a broad continuum of intrinsic incompatibilities in hybrid males that increase in strength with geographic distance between reproductively isolated populations. This striking progression of reproductive isolation is coupled with extensive gene specialization, natural selection, and elevated genetic differentiation on both sex chromosomes. Closely related populations isolated by hybrid male sterility also show fixation of alternative neo-Y haplotypes that differ in structure and male-specific gene content. Our results suggest that neo-sex chromosome evolution can drive rapid functional divergence between closely related populations irrespective of ecological drivers of divergence.
Decoding critical long non-coding RNA in ovarian cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Mitra Ramkrishna , Chen Xi , Greenawalt Evan J. , Maulik Ujjwal , Jiang Wei , Zhao Zhongming , Eischen Christine M.
Published: November 2017

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are emerging as contributors to malignancies. Little is understood about the contribution of lncRNA to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which correlates with metastasis. Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed after metastasis. Here we report an integrated analysis of >700 ovarian cancer molecular profiles, including genomic data sets, from four patient cohorts identifying lncRNADNM3OS,MEG3, andMIAToverexpression and their reproducible gene regulation in ovarian cancer EMT. Genome-wide mapping shows 73% ofMEG3-regulated EMT-linked pathway genes containMEG3binding sites.DNM3OSoverexpression, but notMEG3orMIAT, significantly correlates to worse overall patient survival.DNM3OSknockdown results in altered EMT-linked genes/pathways, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, and reduced cell migration and invasion. Proteotranscriptomic characterization further supports theDNM3OSand ovarian cancer EMT connection. TWIST1 overexpression andDNM3OSamplification provides an explanation for increasedDNM3OSlevels. Therefore, our results elucidate lncRNA that regulate EMT and demonstrateDNM3OSspecifically contributes to EMT in ovarian cancer.