bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT FEEDBACK ON IDIOM TRANSLATING SKILL OF IRANIAN EFL COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Bazzaz Vahid Edalati , Mohammadi Shahrbanoo , Bagherzadeh Nafiseh
Published: June 2018

The study examines the effectiveness and efficacy of teachers direct vs. indirect feedback on students' idiom translating skill. To this end, 23Iranian university students from two intact classes were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: Direct feedback group in which the teacher located and gave the correct translation of idiom and indirect feedback group in which the teacher only noted the number of wrong translations of idioms. The study lasted 10 weeks in the course of which the participants had to translate a short text from “Idioms and Metaphorical Expressions in Translation” by “Ghaffar Tajalli”. The study included a pre-test, a treatment for experimental groups, and a post-test to see whether or not the treatment had been effective. The statistical analyses indicated direct feedback group significantly outperformed indirect one in terms of accurate use of translation of idioms. So, the results can provide some useful insights into syllabus design and translating skill.
PANDANGAN HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM TENTANG PELAKSANAAN SEWA MENYEWA TANAMAN POHON KELAPA DI DESA SEPAK KECAMATAN AMAHAI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Sopalatu Risna Kanurna
Published: June 2018

Sewa menyewa (al-ijarah) jasa atau imbalan adalah akad yang di lakukan atas dasar suatu manfaat dengan imbalan jasa. Ijarah adalah istilah dalam fikih islam yang berarti sesuatu di sewakan untuk di ambil manfaat dengan jalan penggantian atau suatu kegiatan untuk mendapatkan manfaat atas suatu barang tanpa mengurangi zat atas suatu barang. Tujuan penelitian  ini adalah untuk mengetahui pandangan hukum ekonomi islam tentang pelaksanaan sewa menyewa tanaman pohon kelapa yang di lakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Sepa kecamatan amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Kemudian kegunaan penelitian ini yaitu bermanfaat untuk memberikan sumbangsih bagi ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam bidang ekonomi islam dan sebagai bahan rijukan serta pertimbangan kelak, jika menemukan hal yang ada kaitannya berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kwalitatif deskriptif, maka penelitian ini di maksudkan untuk menggambarkan, mendepenelitiankan atau melukiskan suatu keadaan, gejala atau kelompok tertentu secara terperinci.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Observasi dan wawancara. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat desa Sepa sebanyak 15 Orang yang paling mengetahui tentang pelaksanaan sewa menyewa tanaman pohon kelapa yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pelaksanaan sewa menyewa tanaman pohon kelapa yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Sepa Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah telah sesuai dengan hukum ekonomi Islam karena menyewakan buah dari  tanaman untuk diambil manfaatnya dibolehkan dalam Islam sebagaimana suatu materi yang bervolusi secara bertahap hukumnya sama dengan manfaat seperti buah pada pepohonan, susu dan bulu pada kambing
PENERAPAN AKAD IJARAH PADA PRODUK RAHN DI CABANG PEGADAIAN SYARIAH ISTIQLAL MANADO
Authors: Bukido Rosdalina , Hasan Faradila
Published: June 2018

Product practices in Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS) have so far attracted specialattention, especially on the application of the contract. The fundamental differencesbetween the LKS and the conventional financial institutions are contracts/agreementsbefore making financial transactions. Many conducted research on the application ofthe LKS contracts. Some contracts madeby LKS on its products so farhave notcomplied withthesharia provisions. The basic rule refers to thefatwa (religiousadvisory opinions) of the National Sharia Board and the Council of IndonesianUlema (DSN-MUI). One of them is DSN-MUI fatwa No. 25 of 2002 concerningrahn. In addition to rahn, this fatwa also explains rules concerning the contract ofijara. Pawnshopsthat apply sharia principles in their products haveintroducedrahnproducts based on this the fatwa. Therefore, systematic research on the application ofthe ijara contract onrahn products is necessary.Keywords: ijara , rahn, DSN-MUI, sharia pawhshop.
EKSISTENSI HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT DALAM SISTEM HUKUM NASIONAL
Authors: Konoras Abdurrahman
Published: June 2018

Islamic Law and Customary Law is part of the national legal system in addition to some other legal systems that also give meaning and role. But as a system and legal system, Islamic Law and Customary Law show a clear separation.Thus, both are standing alone and independent. The continuing development of both shows which of them can continue to exist and which of them is increasingly left behind or even reduced in terms of role.
PEMBIAYAAN GADAI EMAS KONVENSIONAL DAN SYARIAH
Authors: Nurhayati Laily , Djamali Radjab
Published: June 2018

Financing system used in gold pawn transactions in Indonesia are conventional and shar’i. Conventional system is employed only by pawnshops owned by the government, namely “Pegadaian”. Meanwhile,the sharia system is employed by sharia private banks, sharia business units, and sharia pawnshops. Gold mortgage finance at pawnshops is calculated based on the loan amount multiplied by interest multiplied the number of days. Meanwhile, gold mortgage finance at sharia pawnshops and sharia banks as well as Islamic business is calculated based on the estimated value (collateral/gold) multiplied by the interest multiplied by the number of days. The results obtained for the amount of financing (loans) is the same, but smaller nominal interest is obtained when it calculated using the Islamic system. However, the numberof shariadebtors is still very small compared to the conventional debtors.
Perubahan Perkembangan Dalam Hukum Perdata Modern
Authors: Konoras Abdurrahman
Published: June 2018

Changes in legal development occur because the law and society are dynamic. Changes in the private law have implications for the strengthening of internal control functions that replace external control functions. Developmental changes in the modern private law are closely related to the changing societies and ruling regimes, which strengthen the role and participation of the people on the one hand, and the diminishing role of the state on the other is inseparable from modernization and democratization within the state and society itself. The contract law, labor law, and consumer protection law are subject to changes arising from the strengthening of internal control functions that replace external control functions.
Karakteristik dan Pendekatan Aspek Sosial Hukum Islam
Authors: Mudassir Mudassir , Gunawan Edi
Published: June 2018

This article is a conceptual study of the characteristics and approaches of social aspects of Islamic law. This study is important because Islamic law encompasses various dimensions, namely the abstract dimension, in the form of all the commandments and the prohibitions of Allah and His Messenger, and the concrete dimension, in the form of behavior that is steady among Muslims as an effort to do the command of Allah and His Messenger, In addition, Islamic law also includes substances that are internalized into various social institutions. Therefore, the study of the social aspects approaches in Islamic law is very important. Islamic law has a character, namely rabbaniyah, syumul, al-wasthiyah, and insanity. There are several methods of Islamic law enforcement conducted by aspects of the social approach, especially in Indonesia, namely the establishment of Islamic law through fiqh, the establishment of Islamic law through the law, the establishment of Islamic law through jurisprudence, and the affirmation of Islamic law through fatwas.
Proses Peradilan Dan Arti Sebuah Keyakinan Hakim dalam Memutus Suatu Perkara Di Pengadilan Agama Manado
Authors: Harun Nurlaila
Published: June 2018

The judicial process and the meaning of a Judge's belief in carrying out the functions and authority of the judiciary to enforce law and justice, through its verdict it is desirable that the Judge is able to apply the right and fair law, can provide education and lessons to the litigants and the community, give corrections firmly, repressively assert, can fabricate the future society order, and must be able to play a role in reconciling the litigants, who in doing these roles stick to the Code of Conduct and the Judicial Code of Conduct for Judges That Judges may participate in legal, either through the actualization of the existence of self in the midst of society, and by seeing the existence of himself as law enforcement officers. The judge should not take the wrong decision, so the innocent defendant must be sentenced, or the accused is actually guilty but released. However, according to the author, the judge should not hesitate to be convinced in making a decision in a decision and the decision may take the form of free judgment, the independent verdict of all charges, and sentence or punishment for the defendant.
How can’t ISIS re-emerge? Weak states and Post-ISIS Challenges
Authors: Kirisci Mustafa
Published: June 2018

Considering the retreats of ISIS from Mosul and Rakka, the expectations for the collapse of ISIS is rising but the crucial questions remain that need to be addressed. In this article, we focus on explaining how weak states offer convenient environments for terror groups, and presenting policy options on the measures the international community could take to hinder the remnants of ISIS to operate in these states and prevent ISIS from re-emerging. This article aims to provide recommendations for policymakers to help them address the root causes for the original birth of ISIS in order to preclude its re-emergence after its collapse. Even if the US and the other members of the coalition forces have been able to force ISIS to withdraw from the territories that it had previously captured, its legitimacy and the cause have not necessarily been undermined. Having been defeated in their territories, terror groups may look for new locations to operate in better conditions conducive to the group’s survival, especially when continuing to be present in the current location will lead to the organizational collapse. Considering the withdrawals of ISIS, it might look for new countries to relieve the pressure from the ongoing fighting, and might look for rebuilding its capacity to operate again. In this sense, we argue that weak states could be convenient places for ISIS for these purposes because the weak capacity of these states in maintaining law and order and managing border security might appeal to terror groups to re-invigorate its fighting and mobilization capacity.
Quality of life of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome according to clinical types
Authors:   Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Nguyen Sang Ngoc , Tran Viet Quoc ,   Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vu Quang Van ,   Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Published: June 2018

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a major manifestation of chronic idiopathic glomerulonephritis and a common disease in children. The cause and pathogenesis of the disease have not been clarified so far. The treatment is usually a long-term process, from a few months to several years, even decades, including the period of hospitalisation, outpatient treatment period and follow-up period after treatment. The INS patients are negatively affected by the disease and its treatment process. The aim of this study is to assess the health-related quality of life (QOL) of children with INS according to clinical types in Haiphong Children's Hospital. Object: Describe some factors related to the QOL of children with INS. Subjects: 71 patients diagnosed with INS, who are being monitored and treated at Haiphong Children's Hospital from 10/2015 to 05/2016. Methods: Prospective studies, descriptive cross-sectional. QOL of the patients is assessed by the PedsQL 4.0 scale; the higher score shows that the lower QOL. Results: The general QOL score of children with INS (21.24±13.91) was higher than normal children (16.98±10.20). Children with steroid-resistant INS have a higher score (31.62±14.32) than children with steroid-dependent (20.57±9.08) and responsive INS (14.58±6.83). The QOL score of children with one of the symptoms Cushing's face, hirsutism or acne are significantly higher than children without the corresponding symptoms. Children who finished their treatment had a lower score (15.47±7.42) than children being treated (21.33±10.23). The average QOL score has a linear correlation with the duration of INS. Conclusion: The general QOL of children with INS substantially declined compared with that of healthy children. The QOL of children with steroid-dependent and resistant INS is lower than that of the children with steroid-responsive type. The QOL of children with one of the symptoms Cushing's face, hirsutism or acne is significantly lower than that of children without the corresponding symptoms. The QOL of children who completed treatment is higher than the group being treated. The longer the duration of treatment, the more the children's QOL declined.
Use of ITS DNA barcode for identification of Jewels of Opar (Talinum paniculatum) collected in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan , Nguyen Huu Quan ,   Thai Nguyen University of Education, Nguyen Thi Hanh ,   Thanh Hoa Department of Education and Training, Lo Thi Mai Thu ,   Tay Bac University, Chu Hoang Mau ,   Thai Nguyen University of Education
Published: June 2018

Jewels of Opar (Talinum paniculatum) is a herbaceous plant known for its highly medicinal value. This medicinal plant is listed in the Red List of Vietnam’s medicinal plants and in the handbook of Vietnam’s medicinal plants, both documents warranting its necessity for protection. Jewels of Opar contains bioactive substances such as phytosterols, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and many other inorganic substances. Jewels of Opar plants collected in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam, are tree-like herbs, their green trunks grows straight up and then branch out. The shapes of the leaves vary; they are generally oval or ovate-oblong in shape, with wavy veins. The flowers of this tree have five reddish purple wings, two sepals, more than ten stamens, and a spherical ovary. Both the fruits and their seeds are small and black. Tuberous roots are cylindrical with many small roots, and the tubers themselves are sweet and spicy. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region isolated from T. paniculatum plants in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam is 643 bp in length. Based on the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region and using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) in theNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the Jewels of Opar samples collected in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam were determined to belong to T. paniculatum species, Talinumgenus, Portulacaceae.
Formation and chemistry of the groundwater resource in the Mekong river delta, South Vietnam
Authors:   Hydrogeology Association of Vietnam, Doan Van Canh , Dang Duc Nhan ,   Hydrogeology Association of Vietnam, Nguyen Kien Chinh ,   Center for Nuclear techniques, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute
Published: June 2018

The origin and chemistry of the groundwater in the middle Pleistocene (qp23), lower Pleistocene (qp1), upper Pliocene (n22), lower Pliocene (n21), and the Miocene (n13) in the Mekong river delta (MKRD) were investigated by using isotopic and geochemical techniques. The origin of the groundwater was evaluated based on the composition of the water stable isotopes (d2H and d18O) in the local precipitation, in water from the rivers system, and in the groundwater samples. The hydraulic interaction between the surface water and the groundwater as well as between the aquifers was assessed by a statistical treatment for the mean and standard deviation of the d18O signature and based on the 14C-ages of the water samples taken from different aquifers. The salinization of groundwater in the deep aquifers was investigated using the d18O signature combined with the geochemical composition of the water samples. It was revealed that the groundwater in the deep aquifers in the MKRD could be divided into two groups. The first group is fresh and represents the regional precipitation with the long traveling time ranging from older than 100 years to older than 40 ka BP (kilo years Before Present). The second group is the regional precipitation that is recharged from the remote areas mixed with the seawater. Statistical treatment with the mean d18O using the Mann-Whitney test showed that the water from the Mekong river system did not or very weakly recharged the deep aquifers. The groundwater in the deep aquifers in that region was likely to be connate, so that fresh groundwater resource in the region seemed to be limited. The chemistry of the groundwater in the study region is controlled by the incongruent dissolution of the Mg-calcite as well as sulfate and iron oxy-hydroxide reductions by organic matters presented in the aquifer sediment. The groundwater in the deep aquifers in the MKRD from some locations was saline, but the salinity in most aquifers was thought to result from the migration of saline water entrapped in the marine sediment pores to the fresh water in the aquifers. Meanwhile, in other locations, the salinity was suggested to result from the salt intrusion due to the over-abstraction rate, as it was evident from the d18O vs. [Cl-] relationship, or due to the up conning of saline water from the deeper aquifers to the upper ones. Particular measures must be developed for the better management of groundwater in the MKRD to ensure a sustainable resource of freshwater being supplied to the local population in future.
Aportes y Desafíos de las Ciencias Sociales a la Organización y la Actividad Policial
Authors: Poblete Patricio Tudela
Published: June 2018

Se examinan algunos supuestos sobre la investigación de la policía y sus desafíos y se revisa el estado del arte desde las ciencias sociales, destacándose algunos de los principales temas de interés de los investigadores, los enfoques disciplinarios y aportes fundamentales de la sociología (de la policía), la psicología social y de la antropología (de una policía). Se intenta avanzar hacia la construcción de una síntesis y perspectiva común para la exploración de la policía y lo policial. Se pone especial atención en el estudio de la policía, como cultura organizacional y praxis cotidiana, subrayándose que en muchas ocasiones la cultura es más importante que cualquier otro factor, para ello se ilustra algunos rasgos. Finalmente, se formulan recomendaciones de cursos de acción a fin de promover la pesquisa interdisciplinaria y práctica para el desarrollo de la organización policial en la región y se sugiere una agenda de indagación de la cultura policial.
Pragmática da Investigação: modelos intencionais na investigação policial
Authors: Dutra Luiz Henrique de Araújo
Published: June 2018

O artigo tece considerações sobre a atividade de investigação policial, reconhecendo semelhanças com a investigação científica na elaboração de padrões de comportamento criminoso em correlação com determinados contextos sociais.
Funções de Polícia: o que faz a Polícia Federal Brasileira?
Authors: Barbosa Emerson Silva
Published: June 2018

Este texto trata do tema funções ou tipologias de Polícia. Veremos que a organização policial se formou no contexto da demanda por segurança como conseqüência, em certa medida, da formação do Estado Nação Moderno. Ademais, cuidaremos da posição institucional dos diversos tipos de polícias entre os poderes do Estado, bem como das funções exercidas por elas no cenário da segurança pública. Por fim, buscaremos definir tomando como exemplo a Polícia Federal brasileira, as diferentes funções ou tipologias de Polícia existentes, a partir de suas destinações constitucionais e legais, permitindo que se conheça e se saiba o que de fato é essa polícia brasileira.
Devido Processo Legal e Investigação Criminal
Authors: Fantini Daniel Fábio
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho discorre sobre a evolução do princípio do devido processo legal, nas suas duas dimensões - procedimental e substantiva, até ser expressamente consagrado na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Explicita, portanto, que a cláusula do due processof law constitui baluarte de justiça, voltado à proteção dos direitos e garantias fundamentais do indivíduo, mormente a vida, a liberdade e a propriedade, contra toda e qualquer ação indevida do Estado. Lado outro, trata da investigação criminal enquanto procedimento de elucidação defatos criminosos, à disposição do Estado, esclarecendo a relação entre a busca pela verdade fática com as imposições obrigatórias do regime jurídico a que está submetida. Assim, considera que o conteúdo da investigação criminal e a sua forma são influenciados por disposições jurídicas,embora a busca pela verdade fática se aproxime das investigações científicas. Destarte, tendo em vista que a investigação criminal pode impor restrições, direta ou indiretamente, à vida, liberdade e propriedade dos indivíduos, justifica-se a aplicação do princípio do devido processo legal aos atos praticados no bojo de procedimento instaurado com o fim de apurar a prática de um delito.Por fim, identifica que os limites jurídicos impostos à investigação criminal se traduzem na efetiva aplicação do devido processo legal, seja nos aspectos inerentes ao conteúdo da investigação ou apenas em suas formalidades.
Actividade Policial como Ciência
Authors: Silva Germano Marques da
Published: June 2018

A presente palestra constitui reflexão sobre a possibilidade de fala acerca de uma ciência policial. A experiência deste autor na Escola Superior de Polícia Portuguesa, na qual foi responsável pela criação do primeiro curriculum, demonstra o princípio de que a atuação policial deve ser procedida em consonância com o direito, a cultura do povo e os princípios éticos. É nesse sentido que se afirma a importância do ensino do Direito, da Filosofia Política e da Ética Policial, bem como a necessidade de que o ensino delas esteja contextualizado a práxis policial e social. Por essa necessidade de conhecimentos em múltiplas áreas, o autor afirma ainda ser cedo para se pensar em autonomia das ciências policiais
Maquiavel e a "Guerra Justa" contra o Terror
Authors: Rosseti Disney
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a questão da denominada “Guerra ao Terrorismo” sob a ótica da doutrina das “Guerras Justas”, analisando este conceito através da história e sua formulação contemporânea, especialmente sua aplicação no combate ao terrorismo. A seguir serão descritas as críticas feitas a este conceito e sua aplicação na doutrina da “Guerra ao Terror”, demonstrando que tal teorização for efetivamente aplicada ela acabaria por legitimar muitos dos atos terroristas, além de conferir uma feição de terrorismo a atos legitimados por tais doutrinas. Finalmente se analisará o tema na ótica de Maquiavel, demonstrando que a justificativa para a “Guerra ao Terror”, nos moldes em que ela vem sendo travada, se alinha a uma justificativa maquiavélica.
O Ideal da Democracia Racial, as Cotas para Negros nas Universidades Públicas e seus Reflexos nos Inquéritos da Polícia Federal
Authors: Cavaleiro Juliana Carleial Mendes
Published: June 2018

No presente artigo pretende-se relacionar o resultado das investigações iniciadas para apuração de divulgação de material de conteúdo preconceituoso ou racista – o arquivamento e desclassificação na Justiça da maioria das investigações desta natureza iniciadas pela Polícia Federal – com a ideologia da democracia racial no Brasil; bem como estabelecer uma relação entre o aumento do número de investigações instauradas ao longo dos últimos anos pela Polícia Federal para apurar a divulgação de material racista e a adoção de políticas públicas de cunho afirmativo pelo Governo Federal, como as cotas nas universidades públicas.
Le dépassement de tâches infirmier en réanimation : résultats de l’enquête nationale « DeptaREA »
Authors: Bontemps J. , Sauvaget G. , Dauvergne J. , Fadil C. , Lecuyer S. , Bourdon V. , Croizard V. , Lentz H. , Arnaud C. , Ronceray M. , Mahé P.-J. ,   AtlanRéa Group
Published: June 2018

Toute action réalisée en dehors du décret de compétences infirmières du 29 juillet 2004 (Code de la santé publique) est à considérer comme un dépassement de tâches (DDT). Dans une première enquête réalisée en 2016 dans les services de réanimation du groupe AtlanRéa (association de recherche clinique en réanimation du Grand Ouest), 94 % des infirmiers interrogés admettaient au moins un DDT par jour. Nous avons approfondi cette problématique fréquente et source d’inquiétude de la part des paramédicaux. L’enquête s’est déroulée sur la journée du 7 mars 2017. 64 % des répondants ont déclaré faire des DDT, 23 % plus de 5 par jour. Le DDT concerne la modification de la FiO2dans 52 % des cas, les bolus de sédation 47 %, la modification du mode ventilatoire 41 %. Les raisons du DDT sont : le confort du patient à 71 %, par habitude de service à 63 %. Il y a une différence de DTT CHU/CHG,p= 0,019. Le sentiment d’engendrer un risque pour le patient est de 64 %, pour le soignant de 89 %. Les solutions privilégiées pour diminuer le DDT sont la création d’une spécialité à 75 % et la mise à jour du décret à 54 %. Le DDT en réanimation n’a a priori jamais fait l’objet d’étude. Nous rapportons pour la première fois des données sur le DDT à l’échelle nationale. La motivation principale du DDT est le confort du patient. Il y a une demande de changement avec la création d’une spécialité d’infirmier diplômé d’État (IDE) ou la modification du décret de compétences.
A Physical and Psychological Approach to Managing Fatigue in Myasthenia Gravis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Farrugia Maria E. , Di Marco Marina , Kersel Denyse , Carmichael Caroline
Published: June 2018

Background

Fatigue in myasthenia gravis (MG) is common and difficult to manage. Unlike myasthenic weakness it is not amenable to drug therapies.

Objective

Our primary aim was to investigate whether a combination of physical and psychological therapy would help address symptoms of fatigue in MG patients, who have stable disease but residual problematic fatigue. Our secondary aim was to quantitate fatigue by applying different scores and to ascertain which would be most relevant to apply in MG.

Methods

We recruited 10 MG patients with stable disease and who suffer from fatigue. Nine of these 10 patients participated in a 10-week program that involved physical and psychological intervention. We quantified their fatigue using the modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS), the visual analogue fatigue scale (VAFS) and the fatigue severity scale (FSS) at the start of the study, at various intervals during the program and 3 months later.

Results

During the program, there was a small improvement in the physical and psychosocial subscale of the MFIS. There was a significant improvement ( p < 0.01) in the VAFS at the end of the program. No clear improvement was noted in FSS. Three months later, all fatigue scores declined to baseline but 50% of patients had made some life-style changes.

Conclusions

This is a small pilot study, which utilized a combined approach with physical and psychological therapy, and showed some benefit in improving fatigue in patients with MG. The improvement was small and unsustained. Because of the small patient cohort, one cannot derive any firm conclusions and a larger study is required to investigate this further.
Digital radiography image denoising using a generative adversarial network
Authors: Sun Yuewen , Liu Ximing , Cong Peng , Li Litao , Zhao Zhongwei
Published: June 2018

Statistical noise may degrade the x-ray image quality of digital radiography (DR) system. This corruption can be alleviated by extending exposure time of detectors and increasing the intensity of radiation. However, in some instances, such as the security check and medical imaging examination, the system demands rapid and low-dose detection. In this study, we propose and test a generative adversarial network (GAN) based x-ray image denoising method. Images used in this study were acquired from a digital radiography (DR) imaging system. Promising results have been obtained in our experiments with x-ray images for the security check application. The Experiment results demonstrated that the proposed new image denoising method was able to effectively remove the statistical noise from x-ray images, while kept sharp edge and clear structure. Thus, comparing with the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) based method, the proposed new method generates more plausible-looking images, which contains more details.
INTER-SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT ANALYSIS AND ALLELIC DIVERSITY AMONG GENOTYPES OF CULTIVATED Digitaria species
Authors: Animasaun D. A. , Awujoola K. F. , Krishnamurthy R. , Morakinyo J. A.
Published: June 2018

Acha (Digitaria exilis Kipps. and D. iburua Stapf.) are valuable indigenous food crops in West Africa, but despite several economic potentials of this crop, little or no attention is paid to its germplasm evaluation and improvement. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity and relationship among genotypes of cultivated acha in Nigeria using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers for the first time. Genomic DNA were extracted from the genotypes and we performed fragment amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 95 loci consisting of 790 bands were amplified by 13 ISSR primers, out of which 53.37% were polymorphic. Loci amplification per primer ranged from 5-10, with an average of 7.30 loci per primer. Eight of the primers had above 50% polymorphism. Cluster analysis separated the genotypes into two major groups; a group consisting of two D. exilis genotypes and the other comprising a mixture of genotypes. The D. exilis in the latter group were distant members and was only similar at 0.72 similarity index. The polymorphism we obtained in the present study showed that the ISSR markers are effective for assessment of genetic diversity of the genotypes. Clustering of D. exilis and D. iburua together suggests a common progenitor but could have been separated by geographical isolation mechanism
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COFFEE (Coffea arabica L.) LANDRACES AT SEEDLING STAGE COLLECTED FROM GUJI ZONES
Authors: Alemu I. D. , Boke D. S.
Published: June 2018

The present study was aimed to determine genetic diversity of Coffea arabica landraces based on morphological characteristics at seedling stage in Guji zones. Three kebeles and twenty-five farmers’ coffee landraces were selected based on availability of Coffea arabica landraces from each district by the guidance of Developmental Agency in the kebele. Coffea arabica seeds were collected and planted at kercha nursery sub-site in plastic pots arranged on randomized block design. Seedling characteristics were collected from one year old randomly selected four coffee seedlings from each plot. The results showed that there were significant variations (p<0.05) between and within Coffea arabica landraces of the district. The seedling height of Coffea arabica collected from Didiba local was highest (11.25) followed by Sorile local (11.17) whereas Ebala local was the least. Coffea arabica from Diqisa local (5.25) was the highest for leaf height followed by Didiba local (5.13), Harobora (5.00) and Wacufora local (5.00). Similarly, Wacufora local (2.05) and Didiba local (2.53) were the highest in leaf width. The Coffea arabica landrace of Qaqali local (6.25) and Harobora local (5.75) were the highest in number of paired leaves. Correlation between the characteristics of coffee seedling showed that seedling height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.62**), number of paired leaves (0.58**), node number (0.57**) and leaf area (0.64**). Similarly, leaf height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.72**) and leaf area (0.77**). Generally, the increase of leaf height increases the leaf width and leaf area. Existence of morphological variation of Coffea arabica at seedling stage was used to determine Coffea arabica diversity in this study area. Therefore, Coffea arabica landraces having high seedling height, leaf height, number of paired leaves and leaf area should get attention during selection for plantation. Additionally, farmers, conservationists and other concerned bodies should take action to conserve and keep the gene pool of these coffees. As a result, it opens the door for biotechnologists to characterize coffee at molecular level and breeder scan take action on it to release superior coffee varieties.
RETRACTED: Syzygium aqueum: A Polyphenol- Rich Leaf Extract Exhibits Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Pain-Killing and Anti-inflammatory Activities in Animal Models
Authors: Sobeh Mansour , Mahmoud Mona F. , Petruk Ganna , Rezq Samar , Ashour Mohamed L. , Youssef Fadia S. , El-Shazly Assem M. , Monti Daria M. , Abdel-Naim Ashraf B. , Wink Michael
Published: June 2018

Syzygium aqueum is widely used in folk medicine. A polyphenol-rich extract from its leaves demonstrated a plethora of substantial pharmacological properties. The extract showed solid antioxidant properties in vitro and protected human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) against UVA damage. The extract also reduced the elevated levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in rats with acute CCl4 intoxication. In addition to reducing the high MDA level, the extract noticeably restored GSH and SOD to the normal control levels in liver tissue homogenates and counteracted the deleterious histopathologic changes in liver after CCl4 injection. Additionally, the extract exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activities in vitro where it inhibited LOX, COX-1, and COX-2 with a higher COX-2 selectivity than that of indomethacin and diclofenac and reduced the extent of lysis of erythrocytes upon incubation with hypotonic buffer solution. S. aqueum extract also markedly reduced leukocyte numbers with similar activities to diclofenac in rats challenged with carrageenan. Additionally, administration of the extract abolished writhes induced by acetic acid in mice and prolonged the response latency in hot plate test. Meanwhile, the identified polyphenolics from the extract showed a certain affinity for the active pockets of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) explaining the observed anti-inflammatory activities. Finally, 87 secondary metabolites (mostly phenolics) were tentatively identified in the extract based on LC-MS/MS analyses. Syzygium aqueum displays good protection against oxidative stress, free radicals, and could be a good candidate for treating oxidative stress related diseases.
Probabilistic Ship Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kim Kwanghyun , Hong Sungjun , Choi Baehoon , Kim Euntai
Published: June 2018

For an autonomous ship to navigate safely and avoid collisions with other ships, reliably detecting and classifying nearby ships under various maritime meteorological environments is essential. In this paper, a novel probabilistic ship detection and classification system based on deep learning is proposed. The proposed method aims to detect and classify nearby ships from a sequence of images. The method considers the confidence of a deep learning detector as a probability; the probabilities from the consecutive images are combined over time by Bayesian fusion. The proposed ship detection system involves three steps. In the first step, ships are detected in each image using Faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN). In the second step, the detected ships are gathered over time and the missed ships are recovered using the Intersection over Union of the bounding boxes between consecutive frames. In the third step, the probabilities from the Faster R-CNN are combined over time and the classes of the ships are determined by Bayesian fusion. To train and evaluate the proposed system, we collected thousands of ship images from Google image search and created our own ship dataset. The proposed method was tested with the collected videos and the mean average precision increased by 89.38 to 93.92% in experimental results.
Introduction to Special Issue: New Trends in Fuzzy Set Theory and Related Items
Authors: Bustince Humberto , Fernandez Javier , Induráin Esteban
Published: June 2018

We focus on the articles recently published in the special issue of Axioms devoted to “New Trends in Fuzzy Set Theory and Related Items”.
Large Scale Production and Downstream Processing of Labyrinthopeptins from the Actinobacterium Actinomadura namibiensis
Authors: Rupcic Zeljka , Hüttel Stephan , Bernecker Steffen , Kanaki Sae , Stadler Marc
Published: June 2018

A method was established for the production of 1.2-fold and 4.2-fold increased amounts of the antiviral and central nervous system-active lantipeptides, labyrinthopeptins A1 and A2, respectively, isolated from the actinobacterium Actinomadura namibiensis, to enable production in gram scale. We then performed in vivo characterization of this promising compound class. The labyrinthopeptins A1 and A2 have similar chemical structures and physical properties but differ drastically in their bioactivities. Therefore, large quantities of highly pure material are required for pharmacological studies. An effective methodology was established for the first time for their production in bioreactors, their separation involving gel permeation chromatography on LH20 material, followed by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography. With an optimized methodology, 580 mg of labyrinthopeptin A1 and 510 mg of labyrinthopeptin A2 were quantitatively isolated with recovery rates of 72.5% and 42.3% from 7.5 L of culture broth, respectively. However, the fermentation that had already resulted in maximum yields of over 100 mg/L of both target molecules after 300 h in a 10-L scale bioreactor, still requires further optimisation.
Learning and Unlearning of Pain
Authors: Cordier Larissa , Diers Martin
Published: June 2018

This review provides an overview of learning mechanisms and memory aspects for the development of chronic pain. Pain can be influenced in important ways by an individual’s personality, by family, and by the sociocultural environment in which they live. Therefore, learning mechanisms can explain why pain experience and pain behavior can increase or decrease. Linking pain with positive consequences or removing negative consequences can contribute significantly to the chronification of pain. We will provide an overview of treatment options that use the characteristics of extinction. Operant extinction training and cognitive behavioral approaches show promising results for the treatment of chronic pain.
Alkenones as a Promising Green Alternative for Waxes in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
Authors: McIntosh Kyle , Smith Amber , Young Lisa , Leitch Michael , Tiwari Amit , Reddy Christopher , O’Neil Gregory , Liberatore Matthew , Chandler Mark , Baki Gabriella
Published: June 2018

The move toward green, sustainable, natural products has been growing in the cosmetic and personal care industry. Ingredients derived from marine organisms and algae are present in many cosmetic products. In this study, a new green ingredient, a wax (i.e., long-chain alkenones) derived from Isochyrsis sp., was evaluated as an alternative for cosmetic waxes. First, the melting point was determined (71.1–77.4 °C), then the alkenones’ thickening capability in five emollients was evaluated and compared to microcrystalline wax and ozokerite. Alkenones were compatible with three emollients and thickened the emollients similarly to the other waxes. Then, lipsticks and lip balms were formulated with and without alkenones. All products remained stable at room temperature for 10 weeks. Lipstick formulated with alkenones was the most resistant to high temperature. Finally, alkenones were compared to three cosmetic thickening waxes in creams. Viscosity, rheology, and stability of the creams were evaluated. All creams had a gel-like behavior. Both viscosity and storage modulus increased in the same order: cream with alkenones < cetyl alcohol < stearic acid < glyceryl monostearate. Overall, alkenones’ performance was comparable to the other three waxes. Alkenones can thus offer a potential green choice as a new cosmetic structuring agent.
Complexity Analysis of Carbon Market Using the Modified Multi-Scale Entropy
Authors: Yin Jiuli , Su Cui , Zhang Yongfen , Fan Xinghua
Published: June 2018

Carbon markets provide a market-based way to reduce climate pollution. Subject to general market regulations, the major existing emission trading markets present complex characteristics. This paper analyzes the complexity of carbon market by using the multi-scale entropy. Pilot carbon markets in China are taken as the example. Moving average is adopted to extract the scales due to the short length of the data set. Results show a low-level complexity inferring that China’s pilot carbon markets are quite immature in lack of market efficiency. However, the complexity varies in different time scales. China’s carbon markets (except for the Chongqing pilot) are more complex in the short period than in the long term. Furthermore, complexity level in most pilot markets increases as the markets developed, showing an improvement in market efficiency. All these results demonstrate that an effective carbon market is required for the full function of emission trading.
Information Geometry of κ-Exponential Families: Dually-Flat, Hessian and Legendre Structures
Authors: Scarfone Antonio M. , Matsuzoe Hiroshi , Wada Tatsuaki
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we present a review of recent developments on the κ -deformed statistical mechanics in the framework of the information geometry. Three different geometric structures are introduced in the κ -formalism which are obtained starting from three, not equivalent, divergence functions, corresponding to the κ -deformed version of Kullback–Leibler, “Kerridge” and Brègman divergences. The first statistical manifold derived from the κ -Kullback–Leibler divergence form an invariant geometry with a positive curvature that vanishes in the κ → 0 limit. The other two statistical manifolds are related to each other by means of a scaling transform and are both dually-flat. They have a dualistic Hessian structure endowed by a deformed Fisher metric and an affine connection that are consistent with a statistical scalar product based on the κ -escort expectation. These flat geometries admit dual potentials corresponding to the thermodynamic Massieu and entropy functions that induce a Legendre structure of κ -thermodynamics in the picture of the information geometry.
Empirical Evidence Illuminating Gendered Regimes in UK Higher Education: Developing a New Conceptual Framework
Authors: Burkinshaw Paula , Cahill Jane , Ford Jacqueline
Published: June 2018

Debates on the absence of women in senior organizational roles continue to proliferate but relatively little attention is paid to the Higher Education (HE) context in which women in leadership roles are seriously under-represented. However, higher education is now central to UK political discourse given the growing controversy around student fees, vice chancellors’ remuneration’ and Brexit. This paper draws on a collaborative research study on the experiences of 105 senior women leaders across 3 UK Universities, which elicited accounts of constraints, successes and career highlights. Our research findings present empirical insights that expose the continuing gender inequalities most notable in senior Higher Education roles. Women’s accounts include stories of diverse experiences, on-going discriminatory practices and a failure to recognise the embedded gendered inequalities that continue to prevail in these institutions. Through a critical interrogation of the narratives of female professors and building on insights from a seminal paper by Broadbridge and Simpson a conceptual framework is offered as a heuristic device to capture critical and reflexive data in future studies of equality and inequality in leadership roles.
Convex Programming and Bootstrap Sensitivity for Optimized Electricity Bill in Healthcare Buildings under a Time-Of-Use Pricing Scheme
Authors: Gordillo-Orquera Rodolfo , Muñoz-Romero Sergio , Arcos-Aviles Diego , Chillón Rafael , Lopez-Ramos Luis M. , Marques Antonio G. , Rojo-Álvarez José Luis
Published: June 2018

Efficient energy management is strongly dependent on determining the adequate power contracts among the ones offered by different electricity suppliers. This topic takes special relevance in healthcare buildings, where noticeable amounts of energy are required to generate an adequate health environment for patients and staff. In this paper, a convex optimization method is scrutinized to give a straightforward analysis of the optimal power levels to be contracted while minimizing the electricity bill cost in a time-of-use pricing scheme. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out on the constraints in the optimization problems, which are analyzed in terms of both their empirical distribution and their bootstrap-estimated statistical distributions to create a simple-to-use tool for this purpose, the so-called mosaic-distribution. The evaluation of the proposed method was carried out with five-year consumption data on two different kinds of healthcare buildings, a large one given by Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, and a primary care center, Centro de Especialidades el Arroyo, both located at Fuenlabrada (Madrid, Spain). The analysis of the resulting optimization shows that the annual savings achieved vary moderately, ranging from −0.22 % to +27.39%, depending on the analyzed year profile and the healthcare building type. The analysis introducing mosaic-distribution to represent the sensitivity score also provides operative information to evaluate the convenience of implementing energy saving measures. All this information is useful for managers to determine the appropriate power levels for next year contract renewal and to consider whether to implement demand response mechanisms in healthcare buildings.
Research into an Online Calibration System for the Errors of Voltage Transformers Based on Open–Closed Capacitor
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Li Qiuhui , Wu Zhengtian , Li Zhenxing
Published: June 2018

Periodical calibration is necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of voltage transformers. The traditional calibration method requires the power to be off, and the calibration period for this method is too long, meaning that problems with the transformer cannot be found in time. In this paper, a voltage transformer error online calibration system based on open–closed capacitors is proposed. Two open–closed capacitors and other auxiliary devices are utilized to construct the standard voltage sensor. The outputs of the open–closed capacitors are compared with each other to realize accurate self-checking. The average value of the output is used as the final output, which can improve the system’s accuracy and reliability. An improved algorithm based on a hybrid convolution window is proposed to extract the fundamental and harmonic signals. Test results show that the variation of the ratio error is less than 0.037%, and the variation of the angle error is less than 0.45’.