bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Arthritis Related B‐Cell Changes Are Found Already in the Risk‐RA Phase
Authors: de Vries Charlotte , Huang Wenqi , Sharma Ravi Kumar , Wangriatisak Kittikorn , Turcinov Sara , Cîrciumaru Alexandra , Rönnblom Lars , Grönwall Caroline , Hensvold Aase , Lundberg Karin , Malmström Vivianne
Published: February 2025

Anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide2 (CCP2) antibody positivity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in the predisease phase, together with the success of B‐cell depletion, support a crucial role for B cells in RA pathogenesis. Yet, knowledge of B cells in the transition from autoimmunity to RA is limited, and therefore we here investigated B‐cell changes during the risk‐RA phase. B‐cell phenotypes in 18 CCP2‐positive risk‐RA individuals with musculoskeletal complaints were studied, parallel with ten CCP2‐positive RA patients and nine healthy controls. Nine of the risk‐RA individuals progressed to RA. B‐cell phenotypes were investigated using spectral flow cytometry. The results demonstrate that unswitched and switched memory B‐cell frequencies in the risk‐RA cohort were more similar to controls than RA patients. Yet, risk‐RA progressors displayed an early activation profile amongst naïve B cells. Deeper characterization of the memory compartment revealed expansion of CD27‐negative IgG+ B cells both in RA compared with controls (p = 0.0172) and in risk‐RA progressors versus non‐progressors (p = 0.0295). Overall, we demonstrate that the phenotypic distribution of B cells is altered in the risk‐RA phase. This includes changes in CD27‐negative class‐switched B cells, which have been attributed to autoreactive and anergic features implicating a possible contribution to RA development.
Heavier Benzene‐1,4‐diides: Merging Aromatics and Metallylenes
Authors: Ghadwal Rajendra
Published: February 2025

Heavier benzene (i.e. Group 14 aromatics) and carbene analogues (i.e. metallylenes) have been intriguing species in fundamental main group chemistry. The stability of Group 14 metallylenes (R2E) increases with increasing the principal quantum number (E = Si<Ge<Sn<Pb) owing to the so‐called inert‐pair effect. However, the increasing size difference between carbon and a heavier Group 14 element (Si<Ge<Sn<Pb) leads to inefficient πE–πC interactions and poor delocalization of π‐electrons. Combining both aromatic and metallylene features in the same molecule, for instance the heavier analogues of benzene‐1,4‐diide (C6H4)2– that results by the two‐fold 1,4‐deprotonation of benzene, remained however an uncharted research area. The successful isolation of such compounds calls for innovative design‐concepts for the development of suitable ligand scaffolds. The aim of this Concept Article is to showcase the recent developments in the field and to provide the reader an overview on the structure and properties of a new class of heavier aromatics with two‐coordinated Group 14 elements in a formally +1 oxidation state.
Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Systems Based on Indacenodithiophene‐Extended Tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Schøttler Christina , Noël Célia , Le Bras Laura , Melville Hayley , Alévêque Olivier , David Arthur H. G. , Segut Olivier , Rémond Maxime , Levillain Eric , Blanchard Philippe , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens
Published: February 2025

Here, we present a series of acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A−D‐A) conjugated molecules incorporating an indacenodithiophene‐extended tetrathiafulvalene (IDT‐TTF) as the central electron‐donating moiety, functionalized with various lateral electron acceptors. A key synthetic step was the Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation of the IDT‐TTF, providing the dialdehyde in quantitative yield. This compound was further used for the incorporation of dicyanovinyl and indanedione acceptors. UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy of the A−D‐A compounds in solution revealed a broad absorption in the visible spectrum which is further red‐shifted when proceeding from solutions to thin films. Their cyclic voltammograms in solution showed a multi‐redox behavior – undergoing both oxidation and reduction events. Notably, the oxidation of these compounds unveiled the formation of intermolecular mixed‐valence and π‐dimer species, especially strong in the case of the indanedione‐containing derivative. Computational calculations helped us to identify the electronic transitions involved in the main absorption bands of these A−D‐A compounds displaying different behaviors depending on the acceptor attached to the IDT‐TTF core. Finally, the potential of these compounds as donors in organic solar cells was investigated and the best performing solar cell exhibited a modest yet promising power conversion efficiency of 0.87 %.
Additive Manufacturing Electrochemistry: Development of Bismuth Oxide Microparticle Filament for Lead (II) Detection
Authors: Okpara Enyioma C. , Crapnell Robert D. , Bernalte Elena , Wojuola Olanrewaju B. , Banks Craig E.
Published: February 2025

Accurate, rapid, and cost‐effective validation of water quality is essential to ensure that the World Health Organization's (WHO) standards are met and that the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6—Clean Water and Sanitation is achieved. To this end, the development of additive‐manufactured electrodes using recycled polylactic acid, nanocarbon black, and micro‐sized bismuth oxide is reported. These electrodes, that are fabricated using a thermal mixing approach, can be customized to incorporate varying amounts of bismuth oxide (1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) maintaining the integrity of the base polymer. The electrodes developed in this work demonstrate significant potential for the electrochemical detection of lead (II) within water, achieving limits of detection of 0.79, 0.93, and 4.29 μg L−1 (3σ), for the 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% bismuth oxide sensors, respectively. These detection limits are notably below the WHO recommended threshold of 10 μg L−1 for lead in domestic water and even achieve the 2036 European Union targets of 5 μg L−1. The 2.5 wt% bismuth oxide electrodes exhibit excellent reproducibility and specificity, achieving average recovery rates of 98.28% and 100.15% in the analysis of spiked lead (II) samples in deionized and condensed atmospheric water, respectively. This approach is further validated against inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy measurements.
Synthesis of N‐Ethyl Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Polyethylenimine as Self‐Crosslinking Aqueous Binder for LiFePO4 Cathode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shao Dan , Huang Jinxin , Wu Aihua , Fang Yingjun , Li Xiangfeng , Hu Liangyong , Chen Cheng , Zhang Lingzhi
Published: February 2025

N‐Ethyl carboxylic acid functionalized polyethyleneimine (N‐CEPEI) has been explored as a novel water‐solution binder for LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes, which is synthesized via Michael addition reaction of acrylic acid with the primary and secondary amines from PEI, followed by subsequent in situ condensation. The N‐CEPEI binder facilitates the formation of a 3D polymer networks, which exhibits a higher diffusion efficacy of lithium ions and better mechanical strength compared to the commercial poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) binder, and thus maintains the structural integrity of LFP electrode. The electrochemical performance of the LFP electrode utilizing N‐CEPEI binder is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and long‐cycle‐life testing, and the results are compared with those of electrodes using PVDF and PEI binder. The optimal LFP electrode with N‐CEPEI binder exhibits superior cycling stability and rate capability, delivering a capacity of 139.60 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 94.8% after 400 cycles at 1 C, as compared with 86.6% for PVDF‐LFP electrode. Even at a high rate of 5 C, the N‐CEPEI‐LFP electrode maintains a capacity of 80 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. This work highlights the potential of N‐CEPEI as an effective water‐solution binder for LFP‐based lithium‐ion batteries.
Structural, Morphological, and Electrochemical Characterization of Polypyrrole‐Enhanced Reduced Graphene Oxide/NiCoFe2O4 Ternary Composite for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Nabeel Ansari Novman , Jain Alok , Juglan Kailash Chandra , Bhagwa Sunita , Naeem Sajid
Published: February 2025

Supercapacitors’ exceptional energy density, quick charge and discharge rates, and long cycle life make them extremely promising energy storage technologies. The investigation of electrochemical performance is improved by mixing conductive polymers with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and nickel cobalt ferrite (NiCoFe2O4). It produces a binary rGO/NiCoFe2O4 composite synthesized by sol–gel autocombustion, which has a specific capacitance of 216.5 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1. A ternary PPy/rGO/NiCoFe2O4 composite is synthesized by adding polypyrrole (PPy), and at the same scan rate, it achieves a specific capacitance of 664.98 F g−1. Nickel foam is used as a substrate material for the electrode, and 3 M KOH is used as an electrolyte for electrochemical analysis. A high energy density of 90 W kg−1 and a power density of 1167.14 W kg−1 are also observed by electrochemical investigation and it can be used for supercapacitor applications.
Self‐Powered Vibration Sensing and Energy Harvesting via Series‐Resistor‐Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Charge Compensation for Autonomous Alarm Systems
Authors: Li Zhe , Fang Lin , Shu Leilei , Wang Feixiang , Wu Jin , Wang Zixun , Zhang Haonan , Wang Peihong
Published: February 2025

The ability to efficiently harvest energy while accurately sensing signals with a single device is a critical focus in self‐powered vibration monitoring systems and an urgent requirement for the highly integrated development of the Internet of Things (IoT). This work presents a triboelectric nanogenerator that combines energy harvesting with vibration signal sensing (SE‐TENG). By connecting a sensing resistor with a sensing triboelectric nanogenerator (S‐TENG) in series and using the S‐TENG as a pump‐TENG to provide charge to the energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator (E‐TENG), this approach effectively utilizes the energy from the S‐TENG component, reducing energy loss. Under vibration excitation with 0.6 mm amplitude, the output voltage of SE‐TENG remains above 200 V in 12–30 Hz. Additionally, we implement an external limiter strategy to limit the displacement of the moving part, which optimizes the waveform of the sensing signal. Based on SE‐TENG, we have successfully realized self‐driven wireless temperature and humidity monitoring, self‐driven vibration frequency sensing alarm, and self‐driven amplitude monitoring alarm. This work provides a new idea for TENG to get both energy and signal in the field of vibration energy collection and sensing, and has potential application in the integrated development of the IoT.
Spatially Explicit Model to Disentangle Effects of Environment on Annual Fish Reproduction
Authors: Pia Ilaria , Numminen Elina , Veneranta Lari , Vanhatalo Jarno
Published: February 2025

Population growth models are essential tools for natural resources management and conservation since they provide understanding on factors affecting renewal of natural animal populations. However, we still do not properly understand how the processes underlying reproduction of natural animal populations are affected by the environment at the spatial scale at which reproduction actually happens. A particular challenge for analyzing these processes is that observations from different life cycle stages are often collected at different spatial scales, and there is a lack of statistical methods to link local and spatially aggregated information. We address this challenge by developing spatially explicit population growth models for annually reproducing fish. Our approach integrates mechanistic Ricker and Beverton–Holt population growth models with a zero‐inflated species distribution model and utilizes the hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate the model parameters from data with varying spatial support: local scale count data on offspring and environment, and areal data from commercial fisheries informing about a spawning stock size. We show, both theoretically and empirically, that our models are identifiable and have good inferential performance. As a proof of concept application, we used the proposed models to analyze the drivers of whitefish Coregonus laveratus (L.) s.l.) reproduction along the Finnish coast of the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea. The results show that the proposed model provides novel understanding beyond what would be attainable with earlier methods. The distributions of the reproduction areas, spawner density, and maximum proliferation rate were strongly dependent on local environmental conditions, but the effects and the relative importance of the covariates varied between these processes. The proposed models can be extended to other systems and organisms and enable ecologists to extract a better understanding of processes driving animal reproduction.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Cast‐in‐Place Coupled Walls With Leveraged Friction Coupling Beams
Authors: Zhao Yong , Gao Jingwei , Zeng Bin , Wang Chun‐Lin
Published: February 2025

One of the main ways to improve the seismic performance of coupled shear walls is to develop replaceable coupling beams with higher performance. In this paper, the comparative tests on the seismic performance of the cast‐in‐place coupled shear wall with leveraged friction coupling beams (CPCW‐LFCB) and the CPCW with reinforced concrete coupling beams (CPCW‐RCB) were conducted, and the influence of LFCB on the deformation characteristics and the seismic performance of CPCWs was analyzed. First, specimens CPCW‐RCB and CPCW‐LFCB were both in a bending deformation mode and their failure modes showed the characteristic of “strong wall piers and weak coupling beams.” At the same time, the two had close initial stiffness and stiffness degradation patterns. Second, compared with specimen CPCW‐RCB, the capacity stability coefficient of CPCW‐LFCB increased by 3.85% on average, which was beneficial for resisting repeated loads; the ductility increased by 58.2%, which effectively enhanced deformation capacity; the cumulative energy consumption (CEC) and equivalent viscous damping ratio (EVDR) increased by 83.5% and 79.6% on average, respectively, which significantly improved energy dissipation capacity. Third, by taking the shear force under designed earthquake action as the activated static friction force of the LFCBs, the calculation method for the axial force of the bolts in the LFCBs was given, which realized the control of friction activation for the LFCBs. The calculation methods for the ultimate load capacity and the displacement of key performance points of CPCW‐LFCB were given, and their calculation errors were all within 8%.
The Role and Impact of Al2O3 Additive on the Performance of the Diesel Engine Operated by JFO Along With Its Measures of Combustion and Emissions
Authors: Sabarish R. , Jenoris Muthiya S. , Anandan B. , Sathis Kumar D. , Manideep B. , Sekar Prabhakar , Elumalai P. V.
Published: February 2025

The world's biggest problems are global warming and fossil fuel depletion. Most fast‐developing countries are facing problems. Most engines that burn crude oil–based products discharge smoke, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, unburnt hydrocarbon, and lower‐concentration particulate matter into the environment. In this study, good planning and emissions rules are reducing crude oil use. Juliflora oil biodiesel is derived from Juliflora seeds and tested in a single‐cylinder direct injection diesel engine. If you use biodiesel in your engine without changes, you may encounter gum formation in the cylinder, knocking, and carbon deposits. The blends approach is one of many techniques to change biodiesel's attributes, but our present intention is to employ it. B20 blend outperforms the other sample fuels and is closest to diesel. The produced aluminum oxide was tested for parameters using X‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. Aluminum oxide was blended with biodiesel using an ultrasonicated to mix 25, 50, and 75 parts per million (PPM) aluminum oxides, designated B20AO25 PPM, B20AO50 PPM, and B20AO75 PPM. For typical engine running and optimal engine operating parameters, biodiesel with aluminum oxide nanoadditives was investigated. Optimized characteristics are 80% diesel and 20% Juliflora seed oil with 75 PPM aluminum oxide nanoadditives (B20AO75 PPM) at 200 bar injection pressure and 21° before top dead center injection time.
Virtual Cluster Partitioning Method of Active Distribution Networks Using Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization and Sector Search
Authors: Liu Wei , Tong Yifan , Xing Xinran , Chen Xi , Hu Bo , Sun Qian , Wang Yufei , Li Huaxin , Guo Huidong
Published: February 2025

The presence of numerous distributed power sources in distribution grids leads to a diverse array of controlled object points and significant uncertainties, thereby posing a series of challenges to the control and operation of distribution grids. Hence, this study proposes a virtual cluster partitioning model for active distribution networks using a quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and sector search, aiming to achieve autonomy within clusters and coordination between clusters. First, the article proposes a sector search model that transforms the topological connections of the distribution network into mathematical expressions. This model simplifies the search for node locations and improves the algorithm's convergence speed. Building upon the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, this study introduces the wave function and Schrödinger equation to enhance algorithm performance. By treating the vectors obtained from sector searches as particles, the proposed QPSO algorithm significantly improves both the search efficiency and global convergence in solving the virtual cluster partitioning model. Finally, case studies conducted on the modified PG&E 69‐node system demonstrated the proposed method's significant advantages. The method improved computational efficiency, with a cluster power supply rate over 0.6 and modularity above 0.7, ensuring balanced partitioning. The scalability and effectiveness of the proposed method were validated on an 85‐node system, achieving balanced cluster partitioning with high operational efficiency and adaptability.
3D Two Phases Reduced Model of a Rock Bed Thermocline Thermal Energy Storage Unit: Parametric Study on Thermal Performances
Authors: Sougtan Yassine , Khalij Mohammed , El Qarnia Hamid , Kheiri Abdelhamid
Published: February 2025

A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the performance of a structured compact rock‐bed energy storage system. The study encompassed the analysis of various configurations of rock bed arrangements, including simple cubic, body‐centred cubic, and face‐centred cubic structures, along with their dimensions and the velocity of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) during the charging process. A transient three‐dimensional reduced model incorporating symmetry planes was developed and subsequently validated. This approach has been shown to significantly minimize the extensive computational time typically required when the full model is adopted, while providing enhanced accuracy compared to commonly used models in existing literature, achieving an improvement in accuracy exceeding 5%. Moreover, the methodology that has been adopted enables a more comprehensive investigation of the storage system, thus facilitating the capture of local data. The findings indicated a pronounced effect of the arrangement of the rock bed, the rock dimensions, and the HTF velocity on the heat transfer within the thermocline rock bed thermal energy storage system. It was determined that the thermal energy storage was optimized when the rocks were arranged in a face‐centered cubic configuration, which is associated with lower porosity. It was established that, at an HTF velocity of 3.84 × 10–4 m.s‐1 and a rock diameter of 0.01 m, transitioning from a simple cubic arrangement to a face‐centred cubic arrangement resulted in a 16.5% increase in capacity ratio and a 21.5% enhancement in exergy efficiency. Furthermore, it was determined that this transition also delayed the charging process by 39% (equivalent to 40 min). Moreover, a reduction in the rock diameter from 0.05 to 0.01 m resulted in a 44% increase in capacity ratio and a 54.5% rise in exergy efficiency for a simple cubic arrangement at the same HTF velocity, with a recorded 76% increase in charging duration. Furthermore, for a rock diameter of 0.03 m and a simple cubic arrangement, decreasing the HTF velocity from 9.233 × 10–4 m.s‐1 to 2 × 10–4 m.s‐1 resulted in a 26.5% increase in capacity ratio, a 28% increase in exergy efficiency, and a delay of 2.8 h in charging duration.
Impact Analysis of Combining Distributed Generation With Charging Loads for Electric Vehicles Accounting Reliability
Authors: Ahmed Khaliq , Sakravdia Devkaran , Sharma Chandrakant
Published: February 2025

This work is concerned with the penetration of renewable energy‐based distributed generation along with electric vehicle (EV) charging loads into power distribution systems. This presents a new optimization procedure integrating Particle Swarm Optimization and the Andean Condor Algorithm (PSO‐ACA) into a high‐performing route for system design. It analyzes the performance of the system in terms of minimizing the loss of power and maximizing reliability. The study evaluates reliability indices and power loss reductions in detail by utilizing benchmark 33‐bus and 69‐bus test systems. The findings indicate that for the 33‐bus system, the active power loss reduction obtained is 64.3 KW, with real power loss showing a 68% reduction, whereas for the 69‐bus system, real power loss decrease is 72% (62.8 KW). This led to a substantial reduction in reliability indices thus enhancing the overall system performance as hybrid optimization techniques improved the reliability of the system remarkably. These results show the immense potential that advanced hybrid optimization approaches combined with reliability analyses have for delivering the economically viable, sustainable renewable energy systems of the future. This collaboration is in line with the larger objectives of promoting sustainable energy solutions and establishing a more resilient and efficient energy framework.
A Novel Approach to Driver Negligence Detection: EAXB‐EVS Algorithm With IoT Integration
Authors: S Bharathi , Durgadevi P.
Published: February 2025

In recent days, road accidents have become a major issue, caused by negligence of the driver such as drowsiness, alcohol consumption during driving, gas leakage, tiredness, and traffic law violations. Timely decisions and accurate driver negligence detection are mandatory for avoiding road accidents and fatalities. However, the earlier research encountered various obstacles such as more energy consumption, poor detection performance, and required high computational time. This research proposes a novel Internet of Things‐based Ensemble‐voting Adaptive Extreme Boost‐based Energy Valley Search algorithm within the Vehicular Ad‐Hoc Networks environment for early and accurate detection of driver negligence. The proposed Ensemble‐voting Adaptive Extreme Boost‐based Energy Valley Search framework utilizes an Eye Aspect Ratio and Mouth Aspect Ratio analysis to identify the driver's facial contours like mouth and pupils by analyzing the imaging data. Further, the Ensemble‐voting Adaptive Extreme Boost model is employed for effective prediction of driver negligence that combines the weak learner models using ensemble voting and adapts dynamically for identifying the driver's state of carelessness including intoxication, gas leakage, and drowsiness. The hyperparameter of the Ensemble‐voting Adaptive Extreme Boost framework is fine‐tuned by applying Energy Valley Search, which enhances the accuracy and efficiency of the system while minimizing the computational overhead and energy consumption. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated using some evaluation measures on three datasets namely, the Driver Inattention Detection Dataset, the India Road Accident Dataset, and the Driver Drowsiness Dataset. The simulation outcomes indicate that the Ensemble‐voting Adaptive Extreme Boost‐based Energy Valley Search framework attained a higher accuracy of 98.87%, less execution time of 1.03 s, and less energy usage of 5%, which makes the proposed system highly efficient for the real‐time vehicular network application.
Commodity Price Crash Risk and Crash Risk Contagion
Authors: Jain Prachi , Maitra Debasish
Published: February 2025

In this study, we propose measures for the risk of commodity price crash. Building on the recent phenomenon of financialization of commodities, we advocate the use of down‐to‐up volatility (DUVOL) and a negative coefficient of skewness (NCSKEW) using 1‐min and daily data, respectively. We find that the crash risk is the highest for natural gas, sugar, and coffee and remains low to moderate for most precious metals. Subsequently, we explore the commodity‐specific drivers of crash risk upon controlling for macro‐economic variations. We find that speculation and hedging pressure exacerbate the crash risk of most commodities, whereas basis risk alleviates the crash risk of commodities. We document that crash risk is priced in the cross‐section of commodity returns. We also find that the crash risk spillovers are asymmetric, remaining low at 33% at the median and peaking at approximately 88% during the extremities.
Dissemination strategies of clinical practice guidelines—mixed methods evidence synthesis protocol
Authors: Nagraj Sumanth Kumbargere , Hafver Tandekile Lubelwana , Hohlfeld Ameer , Effa Emmanuel , Mabetha Denny , Kunje Gertrude , Shen Yan Jiao , Zaror Carlos , Lakudzala Suzgika , Mpando Talitha , van de Velde Stijn , Agoritsas Thomas , Delvaux Nicolas , Vandvik Per Olav
Published: February 2025

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are shared through various dissemination strategies using a range of dissemination products and channels. However, users may have different needs for accessing and understanding them. Patients and carers from low‐ and middle‐income countries might face challenges in accessing CPGs such as inadequate systems for printed book distribution and insufficient and substandard photocopies. Many organizations offer lengthy documents, but busy healthcare workers may prefer shorter, digital versions. Digital CPGs can be sent through different channels such as email, newsletters, or social media. How users feel about these products (e.g., clinical protocol, educational material or decision aids) and how it affects the usage of CPGs is not well understood. In addition to these issues, most of the previous systematic reviews on this topic have clubbed the dissemination strategies along with the adoption of recommendations or implementation aspects. There is a need for evidence on the existing dissemination strategies disentangled from the implementation aspects. We aim to conduct a mixed‐methods systematic review to identify documented dissemination strategies for CPGs, barriers and facilitators to access such strategies and the expectations and needs of end users regarding dissemination needs. We will search literature from MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Medical Guidelines Clearing house. We will critically appraise all the included studies using appropriate tools based on the study design. We will use manifest content analysis to identify documented dissemination strategies and latent content analysis to understand the barriers, facilitators, preferences of end‐users. We intend to follow the convergent matrix model approach for this mixed methods evidence synthesis. We anticipate that this mixed‐methods systematic review will highlight the various strategies of dissemination of CPGs and the associated barriers and facilitators.
Lipoblastoma‐Like Tumor of the Tongue With IDH1 Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Dongpo , Li Guangqi , Wang Ye , Shi Hailei , Wang Shuangyi , Zhan Xiaohong
Published: February 2025

Background

Lipoblastoma‐like tumors (LLTs) are uncommon lipogenic neoplasms that predominantly occur in the vulva of female individuals. This study presents a novel case of LLT located on the tongue with an IDH1 mutation. Both the site of occurrence and molecular alterations are reported for the first time.

Case Presentation

A 65‐year‐old female patient presented to the hospital 1 month ago with an incidental finding of a multinodular mass at the right lingual margin. We performed an incision along the outer edge of the mass and completely excised it 0.5 cm beyond its periphery. The final pathological diagnosis after routine examination confirmed a lipoblastoma‐like tumor. Furthermore, Next‐generation sequencing revealed the presence of mutations in IDH1.

Conclusions

This study presents the first documented case of LLT, thereby expanding its anatomical site of tongue and confirming the presence of a significant IDH1 mutation, thus enhancing our understanding of the molecular alterations in LLT.
The Investigation of the Distribution of ABO/Rh Blood Group in Hospitalized COVID‐19 Patients and Its Association With Disease Severity, Clinical Outcomes, Lab Tests, and Radiologic Findings
Authors: Zendehdel Abolfazl , Asoodeh Azadeh , Ansari Mohsen , JamaliMoghaddamsiyahkali SaeidReza
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

it is important to identify patients at higher risk for severity and poor outcomes of COVID‐19 infection, to have better disease management and pandemic control. In this study, we aimed to assess the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in hospitalized COVID‐19 infected patients and demonstrate its association with severity and outcomes of the disease.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study at Ziaeian Specialist Hospital, in Tehran, Iran. Of all confirmed COVID‐19 infected patients who were admitted to this hospital, 273 patients were enrolled in this study and categorized based on their disease severity or clinical outcomes including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality. The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups was assessed and compared between different groups, to investigate the association of blood group types with disease severity or outcomes. Also, the study population was categorized based on their blood group types to demonstrate the association of laboratory parameters, radiologic findings, and length of hospitalization with blood groups. Sex, age and underlying disease were adjusted in the final model by multivariate regression analysis.

Results

This study showed that Blood group A (35.9%) was the most prevalent among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients followed by O (34.8%), B (21.6%), and AB (7.7%) (A > O > B > AB). ABO and Rh blood group was not associated with disease severity, need for mechanical ventilation, or ICU admission, while blood group B was associated with an increased risk of death in comparison with type O, in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients (p = 0.02). The number of patients with severe levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) test results was lower in O blood group patients in comparison with non‐O blood groups (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

No significant association was found between blood groups and other lab tests, radiologic findings, and length of hospitalization.
Addressing the Alarming Rise in Pediatric Cancer Prevalence in India: A Call to Action
Authors: Pathan Sohilkhan Riyazkhan , Bhende Vishal Vinayak , Sharma Kruti Bharat , Chowdappa Raghunandan Gorantlu , Patel Vishal Ajit , Gangoda Dinesh Maknya , Sharma Tanishq Shashikant
Published: February 2025

Background

Childhood cancer has become a pressing global concern, impacting over 200,000 children annually, and is projected to escalate to 21 million diagnoses by 2030. This article discusses the growing incidence of pediatric cancer in India, describes the unique obstacles it faces, and encompasses a strategy for solving this pressing problem.

Methods

We reviewed published scientific literature and available information on cancer control and prevention programs in India.

Results

According to the National Cancer Registry Programme, in India, childhood cancers (0−14 years) constitute 4.0% of all cancer cases. The surge in childhood cancer cases in India mirrors a global trend, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of contributing factors. Pediatric oncology in India faces challenges arising from limited rural healthcare access, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Socioeconomic factors hinder specialized pediatric cancer care, accentuating the need to bridge these gaps through targeted interventions, improved infrastructure, and policies. Additionally, there are limited population‐level epidemiologic studies on environmental, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors and childhood cancers. Research on genetic and environmental determinants is crucial for developing effective treatments. Addressing this requires public education, enhanced medical and research training, community‐based cancer screening, and integrated medical care initiatives. Advocacy and awareness campaigns play a vital role in tackling pediatric cancer challenges, supported by grassroots initiatives and collaboration between the government and nongovernmental organizations.

Conclusion

Despite recent efforts by the Ministry of Health, Government of India, childhood cancer lacks a specific policy in India. Urgent collective efforts are needed to address challenges, invest in research, enhance awareness, and advocate for policy changes. It is time for healthcare professionals, policymakers, researchers, and the public to collaborate and ensure no child in India is left behind in the fight against pediatric cancer, paving the way for a healthier future for the nation's youngest members.
Addressing the Health Needs of Refugees and Migrants in Türkiye: A Literature Review
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Kwan Su Huey Alicia , Sengar Aman Singh , Patel Raj Pravin , Kazan Zeinab , Choudhary Karan
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Although every human has the right to overall well‐being, refugees worldwide often sustain inadequate healthcare. Türkiye, hosting a large refugee population, raises public concerns about providing equitable healthcare. This study aims to evaluate the Turkish healthcare system's effectiveness and limitations in addressing refugee health needs, identify challenges in accessing care, assess the impact of policies, and propose recommendations for improving refugee life quality.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature using databases like PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Our search focused on refugees impacted by recent crises and relevant policies. Keywords included “Refugee population in Türkiye,” “Barriers to accessing healthcare,” and “Turkish healthcare system.” We included English‐language articles relevant to our research objectives and empirical data, excluding studies not focused on refugees or migrants in Türkiye, and those published before 2010.

Results

The review emphasizes the ongoing disparities in healthcare access for refugees in Türkiye. Despite significant efforts, barriers such as the locations of refugee camps, legal restrictions, and language differences continue to hinder healthcare access. Moreover, the sheer number of refugees exacerbates these issues. The recommendations focus on addressing these issues, ensuring better healthcare access, and improving refugee integration.

Conclusion

The large influx of refugees into Türkiye has led to an unequal distribution of resources, creating substantial challenges in providing equitable healthcare. Chronic conditions and mental health disorders among refugees further highlight these issues. This underscores the need for international policy improvements, legal reforms, innovative solutions like telemedicine, and a more comprehensive healthcare approach to support refugees. Reducing social stigma and improving refugee integration into the healthcare system is crucial for achieving better health outcomes.
Competing Risks and Their Impact on Treatment Efficacy Assessment in Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gruber Isabella , Koelbl Oliver
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

The Kaplan‐Meier (KM) method and competing risk analysis are two statistical approaches for analyzing time‐to‐event data. These methods differ in their treatment of competing events, such as deaths occurring before the event of interest, which can impact the interpretation of treatment efficacy in oncology.

Methods

This retrospective study included 73 patients who underwent fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (six fractions of 5 Gy) for brain metastases at the University Hospital Regensburg between January 2017 and December 2021. The events of interest were the cumulative incidences of local failure within the planning target volume and the development of new brain metastases. Premature deaths occurring before the events of interest were treated as competing events. The complement of the KM method (1‐KM), which censors patients who die prematurely, was compared to the cumulative incidence function (CIF), which accounts for the fact that patients who die without experiencing the event of interest are no longer at risk for that event.

Results

The median follow‐up was 56 months. The most common cancer types were non‐small cell lung cancer (n = 26, 35.6%) and malignant melanoma (n = 25, 34.2%). Using CIF, the cumulative incidences of local failure and new brain metastases were 27% and 55% at 24 months, respectively. The 1‐KM method overestimated the cumulative incidence of local failure by 9% at 24 months and 14% at 36 months, and new brain metastases by 13% at both 24 and 36 months. Survival curves for 1‐KM and CIF showed simultaneous increases for each event, with 1‐KM consistently higher, reflecting differing approaches to competing risks.

Conclusion

This study highlights the impact of statistical method selection on clinical data interpretation and underscores the bias inherent in studies that fail to account for competing risks. Recognizing these differences is crucial for accurately assessing treatment outcomes.
Cordycepin mediates neuroprotection against apoptosis via ERK/CREB signaling activation in Aβ1–42‐induced neuronal cell models
Authors: Zhou Wenshu , Wang Cheng , Tan Yige , Lazarovici Philip , Wen Xiaoyan , Li Shaoping , Zheng Wenhua
Published: February 2025

The aggregation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides has been associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by causing neurotoxicity due to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Cordycepin is a natural derivative of the nucleoside adenosine that displays potent antioxidant, antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of cordycepin toward Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity, as well as underlying mechanisms, is still unclear. In this study, we found that cordycepin conferred neuroprotection to catecholaminergic PC12 neuronal cell cultures exposed to Aβ1–42‐insult by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibiting apoptosis. Cordycepin stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and cyclic AMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB) in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. Inhibition of the ERK pathway reduced the neuroprotective effect of cordycepin. Similar results were obtained with hippocampal HT22 neuronal cell cultures. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that cordycepin‐induced neuroprotection toward Aβ1–42 neurotoxic insult may involve activation of the ERK/CREB pathway. This study expands our knowledge of the neuroprotective function of cordycepin and suggests that it holds promise as a natural lead compound for drug development in AD.
Approach to evaluation and management of male infertility in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Muteshi Charles , Chesire Albert
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of infertility among couples globally is estimated at 15%. Male factor infertility contributes to 20%–70% of the cases depending on the specific region of the world. Male infertility accounts for up to 22.26% of cases in Africa. Causes are generally categorized as pre‐testicular, testicular, or post‐testicular, based on the level of dysfunction within the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Primary testicular failure is caused by intrinsic testicular dysfunction, while secondary testicular failure originates from a dysfunction in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland. Post‐testicular causes are attributed to obstructive, ejaculatory, or erectile dysfunction. Evaluation should thus entail a full history followed by a detailed physical exam and stepwise investigation. Semen analysis is recommended as the initial test, followed by hormonal tests, imaging, biopsies, and karyotyping as needed. Treatment is tailored based on the specific cause identified.
Uterine peristalsis of adenomyosis patients on cine magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kido Aki , Ohta Ikuko , Himoto Yuki , Fujii Shinya , Noguchi Kyo , Nakamoto Yuji , Ogawa Toshihide
Published: February 2025

Objective

Adenomyosis, a common gynecologic disease, can cause infertility. Uterine peristalsis (UP) is a wave‐like contraction. Abnormal UP has been linked to infertility. The aim of this study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was to compare UP between uterine walls with adenomyosis and normal walls to ascertain the possible effects of adenomyosis on UP.

Methods

Using cine MRI, UP of 139 adenomyosis patients were evaluated. The uterine walls were divided into those with and without lesions. One radiologist evaluated the presence of UP depending on the menstrual cycle phase. In cases where peristalsis was present, the peristaltic frequency and direction were evaluated. For uterine walls with adenomyosis, characteristic movement of peristalsis was evaluated, including low signal conduction, change of endometrial configuration, and irregular signal change. Peristalsis was evaluated further between focal and diffuse adenomyosis.

Results

UP was observed significantly more in adenomyosis lesions (113/182) than in normal myometrium (47/96), especially in the luteal phase, but the frequency was not significantly different (6.9 vs. 7.3). Comparison between diffuse adenomyosis and focal adenomyosis revealed that the presence of peristalsis was not significantly different in any cycle phase. Peristaltic direction was observed as cervix‐to‐fundus in the proliferative and luteal phase. Almost half of the cases showed low signal conduction (48%–59%), change of endometrial configuration (31%–53%), and irregular signal change (41%–56%) in adenomyosis lesions.

Conclusion

UP in adenomyosis showed a tendency of hyperperistalsis in the luteal phase. It accompanies characteristic peristaltic movement in adenomyosis in about half of patients.
Patterns of Change in Healthcare Use and Cost Before and During Psychotherapy
Authors: Yonatan‐Leus Refael , Abargil Maayan , Shulman Shmuel , Cooper‐Kazaz Rena
Published: February 2025

Previous research has found an increase in healthcare costs before psychotherapy, followed by a decrease thereafter—a pattern also observed in our sample. However, research on the patterns of change is still lacking. Healthcare quarterly cost patterns of change were examined in a field study of 1508 patients before and during outpatient psychotherapy. Several models assess the patterns of change of the entire sample and in subgroups of those undergoing prolonged psychiatric treatment versus the rest. An exponential pattern (increasing rate of change) had the best fit during the waiting period for the prolonged psychiatric treatment group. A linear pattern was selected for the rest. A logarithmic pattern (decreasing rate of change) best fits the prolonged pharmacotherapy group during therapy. A linear pattern was selected for the rest. The economic implication of the findings is that the prolonged psychiatric treatment group is expected to have the highest return on investment when the waiting period for treatment is shortened. This unique pattern of change may also be a marker of increasing distress in this group while waiting for treatment and the rapid effect that the start of psychotherapy has on this. Therefore this group should be the focus of attention.
Role of microbiota in pain: From bench to bedside
Authors: Ren Huiguang , Cao Bo , Xu Qixuan , Zhao Ruiyang , Li Hanghang , Wei Bo
Published: February 2025

Interactions between the microbiota and host have been proven to be critical regulators of homeostasis, and pain perception is no exception. Emerging evidence has identified the mechanisms by which microbiota dysbiosis contributes to hyperalgesia and revealed the potential value of microbiota‐associated therapies in pain management. Herein, the authors introduce the basic knowledge of pain and microbiota for readers who are not simultaneously majoring in these two fields. The clarified mechanisms underlying the regulation of pain by the microbiota are outlined in terms of three ways. This review summarizes the current advancements in pain management and microbiology research for clinicians who wish to focus on this area. Probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other methods of microbiota modulation for pain management have entered clinical translation. The authors further propose the present limitations and prospects for high‐quality development of preclinical and clinical investigations. Importantly, despite the large amount of attention given to gut bacteria, this review also puts forward great expectations on the role of nongut and nonbacterial microbiota in pain sensation. Efforts to decipher the mechanisms of microbiota functions will help to promote achievements in pain management from bench to bedside.
Continuous glucose monitor outcomes in Latino populations across multiple federally qualified health centers
Authors: Hernandez‐Calderon Ana , Gonzalvo Jasmine , Triboletti Jessica S. , Walroth Todd A. , Lewis Samuel P. , Pence Lauren
Published: February 2025

Background

Utilization of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) leads to a greater reduction in hemoglobin A1C (A1C) in individuals with diabetes compared with fingerstick blood glucose monitoring (BGM) alone. CGM also reduces diabetes‐related hospitalizations. Evidence shows CGM is underutilized in racial or ethnic minority groups.

Objectives

There is a need to increase CGM access and evaluate the impact in underrepresented populations to prevent health disparities. Eskenazi Health added CGM devices as a covered product on the Eskenazi Health Financial Assistance Program (EH FAP) formulary. CGMs were approved for patients with diabetes taking insulin or a sulfonylurea. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical impact of improving CGM access following EH FAP coverage with a focus on Latino populations across multiple Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).

Methods

A retrospective, cohort study of nine FQHCs was conducted for all adults with EH FAP who were dispensed CGMs at Eskenazi Health outpatient pharmacies between June 1, 2022 and December 31, 2023. The primary outcome was A1C pre‐ and post‐CGM use. Secondary outcomes included CGM adherence as characterized by proportion of days covered (PDC). All outcomes were also assessed in predetermined subgroups comparing Pharm.D. versus Primary Care and Endocrinology providers and Latino versus non‐Latino individuals.

Results

A total of 184 individuals were included. Median (interquartile range) A1C at baseline was 9.6% (8.1, 11.8). At 3 months, median A1C decreased to 8.4% (n = 96; change of −0.9%; p < 0.001); at 1 month, median A1C decreased to 7.9% (n = 19; change of −1.1%; p = 0.028); and at 6 months, median A1C decreased to 8.4% (n = 55; change of −0.7; p = 0.007). PDC resulted as a median of 100% (77, 100). No difference in A1C outcomes were observed between Pharm.D. versus other prescribers.

Conclusion

A1C significantly improved post‐CGM use at 1, 3, and 6 months in a population that has historically experienced disparities in diabetes care.