bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of percutaneous ethanol injections in benign thyroid nodules
Authors: Perez Camila Luhm Silva , Fighera Tayane Muniz , Miasaki Fabiola , Mesa Junior Cleo Otaviano , Paz Filho Gilberto Jorge da , Graf Hans , Carvalho Gisah Amaral de
Published: January 2015

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. Subjects and methods We evaluated 120 patients with benign thyroid nodules. Patients underwent evaluation of serum TSH and free T4, cervical ultrasound, and thyroid scintigraphy (in those with suppressed TSH levels). The application of sterile ethanol 99% was guided by ultrasound, with the injected volume amounting to one-third of the nodule volume. Response was considered complete (reduction of 90%); partial (reduction between 50 and 90%); or none (reduction of < 50%). Autonomous nodules were evaluated for normalization of TSH levels. Results Among the nodules studied, 30.8% were solid, 56.7% were mixed, 12.5% were cystic, and 21.6% were hyperfunctioning. The initial volume of the treated nodules ranged from 0.9 to 74.8 mL (mean 13.1 ± 12.4 mL). We performed 1-8 sessions of PEI, applying an average of 6.2 mL of ethanol for patient. After 2 years of follow-up, 17% of patients achieved a complete response (94% reduction); 53%, a partial response (70% reduction); and 30%, no response. A reduction in the volume of autonomous nodules was noted in 70% of cases, and 54% had a normalized value of TSH. The main side effect is local pain, lasting less than 24 hours in most cases. Conclusion This study showed that PEI is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of benign, solid or mixed thyroid nodules. Most cases resulted in significant reduction in nodule volume, with normalization of thyroid function. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):912-7
A constelação da maternidade na gestação adolescente: um estudo de casos
Authors: Martins Letícia Wilke Franco , Frizzo Giana Bitencourt , Diehl Angela Maria Polgati
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a constelação da maternidade no contexto da gravidez na adolescência. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo, com a participação de três adolescentes grávidas, primíparas, que estavam no terceiro trimestre da gestação. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas e os dados foram categorizados seguindo os quatro temas da constelação da maternidade: vidacrescimento, relacionar-se primário, matriz de apoio e reorganização da identidade. Por serem gestantes, as questões do tema relacionar-se primário apareceram fortemente ligadas às suas expectativas em relação à maternidade e ao bebê, porém algumas participantes demonstraram dificuldades em criar tais expectativas. A diferença mais marcante da constelação da maternidade entre as gestantes adolescentes se deu no tema da reorganização da identidade, no qual os aspectos mais salientados se referiram a uma reorganização e busca da identidade adolescente concomitante à passagem para o mundo adulto.
O psicoterapeuta diante do comportamento suicida
Authors: Fukumitsu Karina Okajima
Published: January 2015

A lida com o suicídio exige do psicoterapeuta um olhar atento aos fatores de risco e aspectos relacionados à morte e ao desespero humano. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer possibilidades de instrumentalização ao psicoterapeuta com clientes em situação de crise suicida, fornecendo reflexões sobre o suicídio, sobre procedimentos e estratégias utilizados em psicoterapia, tanto em relação à prevenção quanto à posvenção do suicídio. O método utilizado foi o levantamento bibliográfico de estudos realizados no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos sobre o tema suicídio, bem como a experiência de 20 anos em atendimentos a clientes em crises suicidas. Embora o ato de se matar deva ser visto como problemática de saúde pública, considera-se que uma das maneiras de se prevenir o suicídio é compreender e enxergar a pessoa suicida como um ser singular e que suas inúmeras motivações para tal comportamento pertencem ao domínio privado.
Food intake in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Vaz Inaiana Marques Filizola , Freitas Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza , Peixoto Maria do Rosário Gondim , Ferraz Sanzia Francisca , Campos Marta Izabel Valente Augusto Morais
Published: January 2015

Objective:To evaluate the intake of energy and nutrients by individuals on hemodialysis, following especific recommendations for this population and according to Food Guide for the Brazilian Population.Methods: A cross-sectional study, 118 adult patients, considered stable from, ten dialysis centers in Goiânia, Goiás. Dietary intake was estimated by six 24-hour recalls, and classified as adequate or inadequate, according to specific recommendations for individuals undergoing dialysis and that recommended for a healthy diet. A descriptive analysis was performed.Results: Average dietary intake of 2022.40 ± 283.70 kcal/day; 31.18 kcal/kg/day; 55.03 ± 4.20% carbohydrate; 30.23 ± 3.71% lipid, 1.18 ± 0.23 g protein/kg/day. Important prevalences of inadequacy were observed for the intake of calories (39.0%), protein (39.0%) and other nutrients such as retinol (94.9%), saturated fat (87.3%), cholesterol (61,9%), iron (61.0%), potassium (60.2%) and zinc (45.0%). Patients had a low intake of fruit food group (1.22 ± 0.89 servings) and vegetables (1.76 ± 1.01 servings), dairy products (0.57 ± 0.43 servings) and high intake of food group of oils and fats (3.45 ± 0.95 servings), sugars and sweets (1.55 ± 0.77 servings).Conclusion: Observed food consumption imbalance, characterized by excess of oils and fats, especially saturated oils and cholesterol, sugars and sweets, parallel to low intake of fruits and vegetables and dairy products. A considerable percentage of patients did not intake the minimum recommended of calories, protein, retinol, iron, zinc and potassium.
Away-from-home meals: Prevalence and characteristics in a metropolis
Authors: Gorgulho Bartira Mendes , Fisberg Regina Mara , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo
Published: January 2015

Objective: This study aimed to characterize away-from-home meals.Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study measured dietary intake by administering 24-hour recalls by telephone. Away-from-home breakfast, lunch, and dinner were described and characterized according to the foods that contribute most to the intake of energy, fat, sodium, and added sugar permeal.Results: f the 834 respondents, 24% had had at least one meal away from home. The average energy intake per away-from-home meal was 628 kcal (±101 kcal), about 35% of the average daily intake for this population. Meals contained both healthy foods, such as rice, beans, and fish, and unhealthy foods, such as soft drinks, snacks, sandwiches, and pizza.Conclusion: Individuals who ate away from home had worse diets. However, the presence of healthy foods indicates a possibility of improvement if purposeful programmatic actions are taken.
Parasitic nematodes of Polychrus acutirostris (Polychrotidae) in the Caatinga biome, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Araujo Filho JA , Ribeiro SC , Brito SV , Teles DA , Sousa JGG , Ávila RW , Almeida WO
Published: January 2015

We present data on nematode infracommunity of the arboreal lizard Polycrhus acutirostris in the semiarid Caatinga biome, northeastern Brazil. Twenty- twolizard specimens collected in the municipality of Várzea Alegre in Ceará State and in the municipality of Exu in Pernambuco State were analyzed. Two species of nematodes were found, an Oxyuridae, Gynaecometra bahiensis, which had amean intensity of infection 23.5 ± 5.8 (prevalence 22%) and a Physalopteridae, Physaloptera retusa which had infection intensity of 21 (prevalence 9%). There were no significant differences between the parasitism rates of male or female lizards. Polychrus acutirostris demonstrated low richness of nematode parasites, but high levels of infection with G. bahiensis. Polychrus acutirostrisis reported here as a new host for P.retusa.
Feeding behavior and crop damage caused by capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Felix GA , Almeida Paz ICL , Piovezan U , Garcia RG , Lima KAO , Nääs IA , Salgado DD , Pilecco M , Belloni M
Published: January 2015

This study aimed to assess the yield loss caused by capybaras in rural areas of Dourados-MS, their feeding periods, crop preferences and the landscape characteristics of farms that may affect the occurrence of capybara's herds. Semi-structured interviews in 24 different farms were done during a period between April 2010 and August 2011. Field observations were held at different times of the day, and also during the night in order to record peaks of the feeding behavior in six farms. Direct counting of capybaras along with the group of animals reported as seen by the farmers during the interviews was used to estimate the size of herds. Data was analyzed using the Principal Components Analyses and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The average number of capybaras found in a regular herd was 18.8 ± 7.90 animals. The average number of capybara herd by farms was of 1.38 ± 0.92 while the average number of capybaras by farms was 32.33 ± 27.87. Capybaras selected rice (Oryza sativa) when it was available (14.5% of devastation in 1.18% of total planted area); however, the most eaten crop was corn (Zea mays) with 38.55% of loss rate in 16.17% of the total planted area. Capybaras ate mostly in the evening and during the night. The availability of water resources in the rural area predisposed the occurrence of capybara's herds.
Comparative study of the floral biology and of the response of productivity to insect visitation in two rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) in Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Blochtein B , Nunes-Silva P , Halinski R , Lopes LA , Witter S
Published: January 2015

Planning the artificial pollination of agricultural crops requires knowledge of the floral biology and reproductive system of the crop in question. Many studies have shown that rapeseed (Brassica napus Linnaeus) is self-compatible and self-pollinated, but its productivity may be increased by insect visitation. In the present study, the floral biology and the response of productivity to insect visitation of two rapeseed cultivars (Hyola 420 and Hyola 61) were analyzed and compared in three regions of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The rapeseed flowers presented three stages during anthesis, with the time periods varying between the cultivars. Both cultivars are self-compatible, but free visitation of insects increased productivity by 17% in the Hyola 420 cultivar and by approximately 30% in the Hyola 61 cultivar. Therefore, it is concluded that the cultivar Hyola 61 is more dependent on insect pollination than Hyola 420.
Conceptual bases in restoration of scientific vertebrate collections
Authors: Mugnai R , Oliveira JA , Oliveira LFB
Published: January 2015

The scientific heritage preserved in Brazilian biological collections has inestimable value. Despite the research on curation and restoration of biological material is regarded as strategic, there is a lack of expertise in these areas in the country. These deficiencies often determine the use of obsolete or even inadequate procedures aimed at the recovery of material for research or exhibition, resulting in risk to valuable specimens. In the present work we provide a review of the literature on the restoration of biological specimens and summarize concepts employed in the restoration of mammals and birds of the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, exhibition in 2011. The aim of this work is to contribute to the development of protocols when interventions are needed to restore damaged specimens.
Ocurrence of male morphotypes of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Caridea, Palaemonidae) in a population with an entirely freshwater life cycle
Authors: Pantaleão JAF , Hirose GL , Costa RC
Published: January 2015

This study records, for the first time, the occurrence of all four male morphotypes in a population of Macrobrachium amazonicumfrom a continental environment, with an entirely freshwater life cycle. The specimens studied came from the Tietê River, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and were collected in a lotic environment downstream from Ibitinga Dam. This population was compared with other continental populations, including a population from the dam itself, collected in a previous study. Four samples of 30 minutes were taken monthly, using a trap, from January to April 2011. Each male specimen was measured with respect to seven body dimensions as follows: carapace length (CL), right cheliped length (RCL), dactyl length (DCL), propodus length (PPL), carpus length (CRL), merus length (ML) and ischium length (IL). The relative growth was analyzed based on the change in growth patterns of certain body parts in relation to the independent variable CL. The four male morphotypes proposed for the species were found using morphological and morphometric analyses. Different biological characteristics were found between the populations studied. The male population of the lake of Ibitinga and from Pantanal presented mean sizes and number of morphotypes lower than the population studied here. These differences seem to be closely related to ecological characteristics of the environments inhabited by these populations. Our results supported the hypothesis that coastal and continental populations of M. amazonicum belong to the same species.
The taxonomic distinctness of macroinvertebrate communities of Atlantic Forest streams cannot be predicted by landscape and climate variables, but traditional biodiversity indices can
Authors: Roque FO , Guimarães EA , Ribeiro MC , Escarpinati SC , Suriano MT , Siqueira T
Published: January 2015

Predicting how anthropogenic activities may influence the various components of biodiversity is essential for finding ways to reduce diversity loss. This challenge involves: a) understanding how environmental factors influence diversity across different spatial scales, and b) developing ways to measure these relationships in a way that is fast, economical, and easy to communicate. In this study, we investigate whether landscape and bioclimatic variables could explain variation in biodiversity indices in macroinvertebrate communities from 39 Atlantic Forest streams. In addition to traditional diversity measures, i.e., species richness, abundance and Shannon index, we used a taxonomic distinctness index that measures the degree of phylogenetic relationship among taxa. The amount of variation in the diversity measures that was explained by environmental and spatial variables was estimated using variation partitioning based on multiple regression. Our study demonstrates that taxonomic distinctness does not respond in the same way as the traditional used in biodiversity studies. We found no evidence that taxonomic distinctness responds predictably to variation in landscape metrics, indicating the need for the incorporation of predictors at multiple scales in this type of study. The lack of congruence between taxonomic distinctness and other indices and its low predictability may be related to the fact that this measure expresses long-term evolutionary adaptation to ecosystem conditions, while the other traditional biodiversity metrics respond to short-term environmental changes.
Soil factors effects on life history attributes of Leiothrix spiralis and Leiothrix vivipara (Eriocaulaceae) on rupestrian grasslands in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Coelho FF , Martins RP , Figueira JEC , Demetrio GR
Published: January 2015

In this study, we hypothesized that the life history traits of Leiothrix spiralis and L. vivipara would be linked to soil factors of the rupestrian grasslands and that rosette size would be influenced by soil moisture. Soil analyses were performed from five populations of L. spiralis and four populations of L. vivipara. In each area, three replicates were employed in 19 areas of occurrence of Leiothrix species, and we quantified the life history attributes. The microhabitats of these species show low favorability regarding to soil factors. During the dry season, their rosettes decreased in diameter due the loss of its most outlying leaves. The absence of seedlings indicated the low fecundity of both species. However, both species showed rapid population growth by pseudovivipary. Both L. spiralis and L. vivipara exhibit a kind of parental care that was quantified by the presence of connections between parental-rosettes and ramets. The findings of the present study show that the life history traits are linked to soil factors.
Phytotoxicity associated to microcystins: a review
Authors: Bittencourt-Oliveira MC , Hereman TC , Cordeiro-Araújo MK , Macedo-Silva I , Dias CT , Sasaki FFC , Moura AN
Published: January 2015

Microcystins (MC) are the most studied toxins of cyanobacteria since they are widely distributed and account for several cases of human and animal poisoning, being potent inhibitors of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). The phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are also present in plants, which may also suffer adverse effects due to the inhibition of these enzymes. In aquatic plants, biomass reduction is usually observed after absorption of cyanotoxins, which can bioaccumulate in its tissues. In terrestrial plants, the effects caused by microcystins vary from inhibition to stimulation as the individuals develop from seedling to adult, and include reduction of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, oxidative stress, decreased photosynthetic activity and even cell apoptosis, as well as bioaccumulation in plant tissues. Thus, the irrigation of crop plants by water contaminated with microcystins is not only an economic problem but becomes a public health issue because of the possibility of food contamination, and this route of exposure requires careful monitoring by the responsible authorities.
Haematological and histopathological analysis in South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus parasitized by monogenean (Dactylogyridae)
Authors: Jerônimo GT , Pádua SB , Bampi D , Gonçalves ELT , Garcia P , Ishikawa MM , Martins ML
Published: January 2015

Monogeneans are the parasites mostly found on the body surface and gills of fish and can cause large losses in farmed fish. Some studies demonstrate elevated parasitic levels causing hematological alterations. But few of them relate the effects of parasitism on the hematology and histopathology of native freshwater farmed fish. This study evaluated the host-parasite relationship in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) parasitized by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus. Hematological and parasitological assessments were obtained in 60 fish captured in a fish farm located in Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. Fish were analyzed in different categories of parasite number: class I (n=13; 0-200 parasites), class II (n=17; 201-1200 parasites); class III (n=7; 1201-2200 parasites); and class IV (n=23; more than 2200 parasites per host). The highest levels of parasitism caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in the hematocrit, red blood cells (RBC), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and basophils number. Thrombocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and LG-PAS did not present significant difference among the parasitic levels. In contrast, increased number of total leukocytes and lymphocytes were found in highly-parasitized fish. A positive linear correlation (p<0.01) was found between the amount of parasites and fish weight. Histopathology revealed severe hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema, fusion of the secondary lamellae, focal and multifocal necrosis in highly parasitized fish.
Treatment efficiency of effluent prawn culture by wetland with floating aquatic macrophytes arranged in series
Authors: Henares MNP , Camargo AFM
Published: January 2015

The efficiency of a series of wetland colonized with Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta to treat the effluent of a giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) broodstock pond was evaluated in this study. The experimental design was completely randomized and was performed in 9 rectangular tanks (1.6 m3) with three treatments (constructed wetlands) and three replicates. The treatment types included: a wetland colonized with E. crassipes and S. molesta (EcSm) arranged sequentially, a wetland with E. crassipes only (Ec) and a wetland with S. molesta only (Sm). The means of suspended particulate material (SPM), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), P-orthophosphate (PO4-P) and total phosphorus (TP) of the treated effluents were compared using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (P<0.05). The effluent treated in Ec and EcSm wetlands exhibited lower SPM concentrations. The Ec wetland reduced TIN, TKN, PO4-P and TP by 46.0, 43.7, 44.4 and 43.6%, respectively. In the EcSm wetland, the reduction of TIN (23.0%), TKN (33.7%) and PO4-P (26.7%) was similar to the Sm wetland (19.8% TIN, 30.9% TKN and 23.8% PO4-P). The Ec wetland was more efficient in treating pond effluent due likely to the higher root surface of E. crassipes, which forms an extensive area favorable to retention and adsorption of debris and absorption of nutrients.
Three invasive species occurring in the diets of fishes in a Neotropical floodplain
Authors: Isaac A , Fernandes A , Ganassin MJM , Hahn NS
Published: January 2015

The composition of the diets of 66 species of fishes was investigated from September 2009 to June 2010 in three subsystems of the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil), following invasion by the two mollusk species Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) and Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), and the macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. Limnoperna fortunei was consumed in all three subsystems and occurred in the diet of 15 fish species, with a high proportion in the diet of Leporinus obtusidens. Corbicula flumineawas present in the diet of Pterodoras granulosus caught in the Paraná and Ivinheima subsystems. Hydrilla verticillataoccurred in the diet of Schizodon nasutus caught in the Ivinheima and Paraná subsystems. It is not yet possible to evaluate the potential of these species to control invasive mollusks in the study area or the impact of these species on the structure of the food chain. Omnivorous and herbivorous fishes in the study area may have little impact on the population of H. verticillata.
Reproductive biology of the bat Sturnira lilium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Godoy MSM , Carvalho WD , Esbérard CEL
Published: January 2015

Bats can be monoestrous or polyestrous, and seasonal or non-seasonal in their reproductive patterns. The strategy adopted by each species or population depends on the regional climate. The objective this study was to analyze reproductive data of Sturnira lilium from long-term sampling carried out in several sites in Rio de Janeiro states, southeastern Brazil. We carried out sampling in 42 sites (with altitudes ranging from sea level to 1300 m a.s.l.) from May 1989 to December 2011. In total, we obtained 2602 captures of S. lilium: 1242 captures of adult females, 1225 captures of adult males, and 136 captures of subadults. The sex ratio was 0.99 males: 1 female. The reproductive season varied from eight to twelve months a year, and it was not related to the total accumulated rainfall. Sturnira lilium have continuously polyestrous reproduction with postpartum estrus and pregnant females can be observed in all months except July. In the present study, the highest proportions of pregnant females were observed in the months with the highest rainfall.
Molecular markers for genetic diversity, gene flow and genetic population structure of freshwater mussel species
Authors: Choupina AB , Martins IM
Published: January 2015

Freshwater mussel species are in global decline. Anthropogenic changes of river channels and the decrease of autochthonous fish population, the natural hosts of mussels larval stages (glochidia), are the main causes. Therefore, the conservation of mussel species depends not only on habitat conservation, but also on the availability of the fish host. In Portugal, information concerning most of the mussel species is remarkably scarce. One of the most known species, Unio pictorum is also in decline however, in the basins of the rivers Tua and Sabor (Northeast of Portugal), there is some indication of relatively large populations. The aforementioned rivers can be extremely important for this species conservation not only in Portugal, but also in the remaining Iberian Peninsula. Thus, it is important to obtain data concerning Unio pictorum bioecology (distribution, habitat requirements, population structure, genetic variability, reproductive cycle and recruitment rates), as well as the genetic variability and structure of the population. Concomitantly, information concerning fish population structure, the importance of the different fish species as “glochidia” hosts and their appropriate density to allow effective mussel recruitment, will also be assessed. The achieved data is crucial to obtain information to develop effective management measures in order to promote the conservation of this bivalve species, the conservation of autochthonous fish populations, and consequently the integrity of the river habitats.
Histochemistry profile of the biceps brachii muscle fibres of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Bortoluci CHF , Simionato LH , Rosa Junior GM , Oliveira JA , Lauris JRP , Moraes LHR , Rodrigues AC , Andreo JC
Published: January 2015

A general analysis of the behaviour of “Cebus” shows that when this primate moves position to feed or perform another activity, it presents different ways of locomotion. This information shows that the brachial biceps muscle of this animal is frequently used in their locomotion activities, but it should also be remembered that this muscle is also used for other development activities like hiding, searching for objects, searching out in the woods, and digging in the soil. Considering the above, it was decided to research the histoenzimologic characteristics of the brachial biceps muscle to observe whether it is better adpted to postural or phasic function. To that end, samples were taken from the superficial and deep regions, the inserts proximal (medial and lateral) and distal brachial biceps six capuchin monkeys male and adult, which were subjected to the reactions of m-ATPase, NADH-Tr. Based on the results of these reactions fibres were classified as in Fast Twitch Glycolitic (FG), Fast Twitch Oxidative Glycolitic (FOG) and Slow Twitc (SO). In general, the results, considering the muscle as a whole, show a trend of frequency FOG> FG> SO. The data on the frequency were studied on three superficial regions FOG=FG>SO; the deep regions of the inserts proximal FOG=FG=SO and inserting the distal FOG>FG=SO. In conclusion, the biceps brachii of the capuchin monkey is well adapted for both postural and phasic activities.
Floristic characterization of an Atlantic Rainforest remnant in Southern Sergipe: Crasto forest
Authors: Landim Myrna Friederichs , Proença Carolyn Elinore Barnes , Sales Adeline Brito , Matos Ilaíne Silveira
Published: January 2015

The state of Sergipe has suffered extreme reduction of its Atlantic Forest area in the last decades. The objective of this study is to present an inventory of the Mata do Crasto flora, the largest Atlantic Forest Remnant in Sergipe (approximately 1,000 ha), located in the Municipality of Santa Luzia do Itanhy. An intensive survey was undertaken with monthly plant collections in the study area, for four years (1995 to 1999). Additionally, collections deposited in herbaria were consulted to complete the species list. A total of 324 species were found, belonging to 84 families and 193 genera. This study adds an additional 29 genera and 96 species to the Sergipe flora as new occurrences. The four most speciose families were the Fabaceae (33 species), Rubiaceae (24 species), Myrtaceae (23 species) and Melastomataceae (15 species), that accounted for ca. 30% of the total species. The taxonomic distinction of the area is very similar to three other lowland forests in Northeastern Brazil, although its species composition is quite distinct.
The Spiritually-Based Organization: A Theoretical Review and its Potential Role in the Third Millennium
Authors: Vasconcelos Anselmo Ferreira
Published: January 2015

This paper examines whether the spiritually-based organization (SBO) can be regarded as an imperative for the third millennium. As a result, it draws on the literature review of organizational spirituality, psychology of religion, positive psychology, and spirituality leadership theory in order to support its conclusions, as well as it offers some research propositions. Overall, the evidence gathered throughout this paper suggests that the spiritual paradigm starts to play a key role alongside with the concept of SBOs. Rather, it concludes that these topics can be regarded as authentic imperatives for this millennium. Nonetheless, it argues that is likely to take some time until the spirituality topic may mold, so to speak, organizations' character regarding that spiritual theme is starting to become a noteworthy topic. Furthermore, it argues that the logic that has prevailed on business enterprises has been largely economic, except some honorable initiatives. The findings also indicate that the material paradigm is not suited to deal with germane problems that shape our today's world. Finally, it suggests that the concept of SBO embraces positive changes and, as such, it may be potentially conducive to improving people lives and the planet's health and equilibrium.
Princípios epistemológicos da teoria do capital social na área da administração
Authors: Melo Paulo Thiago Nunes Bezerra de , Regis Helder Pontes , Bellen Hans Michael van
Published: January 2015

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma classificação paradigmática das referências predominantes sobre a teoria do capital social na ciência da administração a partir da identificação dos princípios epistemológicos subjacentes. Os cientistas sociais têm oferecido uma variedade de definições de capital social, nas quais cada uma expressa uma particularidade significante. Subjacente a esse fato estão os princípios epistemológicos que têm sido utilizados para guiar os investigadores em suas pesquisas, que refletem uma visão de mundo que é anterior aos conceitos que estão tentando definir. Neste artigo, a análise epistemológica é guiada buscando identificar elementos do empirismo, do racionalismo, do utilitarismo, do positivismo, do funcionalismo, do sistemismo e da dialética. São analisadas as contribuições de Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, Fukuyama e Ghoshal sobre a teoria do capital social. As análises são apresentadas considerando a área de especialização dos autores, seja a sociologia, a ciência política ou a administração. De maneira geral, pode-se concluir que os princípios do sistemismo são predominantes nas concepções de capital social elaboradas pelos autores analisados. As abordagens de Coleman, Putnam, Fukuyama e Ghoshal podem ser classificadas como desenvolvidas em um paradigma funcionalista, enquanto a abordagem de Bourdieu pode ser posicionada em um paradigma crítico.
Tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliação do rendimento de grãos do girassol
Authors: Sousa Roberto P. de , Silva Paulo S. L. e , Assis Janilson P. de , Silva Jaeveson da , Oliveira Vianney R. de , Oliveira Andler M. de P.
Published: January 2015

Propôs-se, neste trabalho, determinar o tamanho adequado de parcela para avaliação do rendimento de grãos do girassol, razão pela qual foi realizado, no período de maio a julho de 2011, um experimento no delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com 14 cultivares de girassol e 10 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas de quatro fileiras com seis metros de comprimento espaçadas de 0,7 m e entre plantas de 0,3 m. A área útil da parcela, composta das duas fileiras centrais, foi dividida em 12 unidades básicas (UBs) cada uma de três plantas na fileira, medindo-se o rendimento de grãos do girassol por unidade básica. O rendimento de grãos das UBs adjacentes foi agrupado de modo a formar sete tipos de parcelas de cinco tamanhos diferentes pré-estabelecidos. O tamanho ótimo da parcela experimental foi estimado por meio do método da máxima curvatura modificado (3,74 m2) e do modelo linear segmentado com platô (2,48 m2) cujo tamanho de 3,74 m2 de área útil foi considerado adequado para avaliação do rendimento de grãos do girassol e menor que o tamanho geralmente usado nas pesquisas com o girassol.
Environmental control on water vapour and energy exchanges over grasslands in semiarid region of Brazil
Authors: Gondim Patrícia S. de S. , Lima José R. de S. , Antonino Antonio C. D. , Hammecker Claude , Silva Renan A. B. da , Gomes Clarissa A.
Published: January 2015

A micrometeorological experiment was conducted over grasslands in a semi-arid region of north-eastern Brazil (São João, Pernambuco) from January to December 2011, using the Bowen ratio energy balance method, to improve the current understanding of energy partitioning and water vapour exchange over this ecosystem in this region. The objectives of the present study were to quantify the seasonal and diurnal variations in energy and water vapour exchanges over grasslands and understand the biotic and abiotic factors controlling the energy partitioning of this ecosystem. In the dry period, the low stored soil water limited the grass production and leaf area index, and as a consequence of these conditions, most of the annual net radiation (58%) was consumed in sensible heat flux. During the course of the study the evaporative fraction was linearly related to the leaf area index. The total annual evapotranspiration and its daily maximum were 543.8 mm and 3.14 mm d-1. The seasonal and diurnal variations in energy partitioning and evapotranspiration were controlled by soil water availability and leaf area index.
Chemical characterization of agroforestry solid residues aiming its utilization as adsorbents for metals in water
Authors: Luzardo Francisco H. M. , Velasco Fermin G. , Alves Clemildes P. , Correia Ivea K. da S. , Cazorla Lázaro L.
Published: January 2015

In this work, a study of the correlation between the functional groups present in the chemical structure of the fibers of coconut shells, cocoa and eucalyptus, and their adsorption capacity of Cd+2 and Cu+2 ions from water was performed. The content of soluble solids and reactive phenols in aqueous extracts were determined. The chemical functional groups present in the fibers were examined using the IR spectra. The adsorption capacity of the peels was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For Cd+2, a significant correlation between the adsorption capacity and some specific chemical functional groups present in the fiber was verified. The potential use of these peels, as adsorbent of Cd+2 ions, is based on the presence of OH functional groups such as aryl-OH, aryl-O-CH2 of phenol carboxylic acids, as well as carbonyl groups derived from carboxylic acid salts, in these fibers.
Competição Bancária: Comparação dos Comportamentos de Bancos Públicos e Privados
Authors: Martins Tiago Sammarco , Bortoluzzo Adriana Bruscato , Lazzarini Sérgio Giovanetti
Published: January 2015

Os bancos públicos representam uma parcela importante do mercado bancário no Brasil e no mundo, e têm sido utilizados como instrumentos dos governos para buscar objetivos sociais e políticos. Apesar de um dos principais argumentos para a existência de bancos públicos ser o incentivo à competição, esse papel ainda é controverso na literatura. Este artigo analisa o mercado bancário brasileiro no período de 2000 a 2011, calculando o nível de competição entre bancos públicos e privados, e suas reações às medidas adotadas pelo governo brasileiro durante a crise mundial de 2008, período em que este adotou publicamente a postura de exercer pressão política sobre os bancos públicos para aumento de concessões de crédito e redução de taxas de juros. Com base nos resultados de um modelo de regressão em três estágios, visando estimar o índice de Lerner dos bancos, foi constatado que os bancos públicos apresentam comportamento mais próximo à competição perfeita do que os privados, ainda que aqueles tenham algum poder de mercado. Também foi observada mudança de comportamento dos bancos após a crise de 2008, tanto para os públicos como para os privados, sendo que ambos apresentaram aumento em seus níveis de competição.
Síntese dos Principais Critérios, Métodos e Subproblemas da Seleção de Fornecedores Multicritério
Authors: Guarnieri Patricia
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do presente artigo é identificar na literatura quais são os principais critérios considerados no processo de decisão, os principais métodos individuais e combinados e os subproblemas da seleção de fornecedores no contexto multicritério. Cabe ressaltar que as tarefas de avaliar e identificar os melhores fornecedores para um novo produto ou serviço são essenciais ao gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos (GCS). Para executá-las apropriadamente, considerando-se a natureza multicritério da seleção de fornecedores, torna-se necessária a inclusão de uma abordagem de agregação dos critérios, cuja escolha depende basicamente dos objetivos da decisão, tipos de critérios a serem utilizados e racionalidade do decisor. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, optou-se por utilizar o procedimento da revisão sistemática da literatura que segue o protocolo proposto por Cronin, Ryan e Coughlan (2008), abrangendo artigos publicados nas bases ISI Web of Knowledge e Scopus, no período de 2001 a 2012. Além de sintetizar o conhecimento acerca do tema, o artigo ressalta os principais critérios, métodos e subproblemas da seleção de fornecedores, com isso, contribui ao identificar os aspectos que devem ser desenvolvidos em estudos futuros e ao apresentar aos gestores abordagens existentes para a tomada de decisões relativa à seleção de fornecedores de forma sistematizada.
Mercado Voluntário de Carbono: Análises de Cobenefícios de Projetos Brasileiros
Authors: Paiva Danielle Soares , Fernandez Luz Garcia , Ventura Andréa Cardoso , Alvarez Guineverre , Andrade José Célio Silveira
Published: January 2015

Este estudo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo identificar e analisar os cobenefícios em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável de projetos do mercado voluntário de carbono no Brasil para além da redução de gases de efeito estufa. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas exploratórias, análise documental e estudos de casos ilustrativos, tendo como base a matriz analítica construída a partir de estudos da United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sobre cobenefícios oriundos do mercado regulado de carbono. Os resultados revelaram que dois dos quatro projetos analisados apresentaram maiores avanços na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, o que difere dos achados da UNFCCC (2011) e de Boyd et al (2009). O resultado parcial sinaliza maior potencial do mercado voluntário em comparação ao mercado regulado de carbono para contribuição ao desenvolvimento sustentável em âmbito local, dada sua maior flexibilidade e a diversidade de atores, assim como a exigência, por parte de alguns padrões de certificação, da demonstração do alcance dos cobenefícios declarados. Ademais, notou-se que alguns cobenefícios estimulam a ocorrência de outros nas localidades onde se desenvolvem e que os projetos com melhores contribuições estavam registrados em padrões de certificação que exigem o atendimento a indicadores que vão além da redução de emissão de gases de efeito estufa.
The effects of binge-pattern alcohol consumption on orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Araujo Cristiano Miranda de , Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues , Camargo Elisa Souza , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess tissue changes during orthodontic movement after binge-pattern ethanol 20% exposure.METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into two groups. The control group (CG) received 0.9% saline solution, while the experimental group (EG) received 20% ethanol in 0.9% saline solution (3 g/kg/day). On the 30th day, a force of 25 cN was applied with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring to move the maxillary right first molar mesially. The groups were further divided into three subgroups (2, 14 and 28 days). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and picrosirius were used to assess bone resorption and neoformation, respectively. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, Games-Howell and chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5%.RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in EG at day 28. The percentage of collagen showed no interaction between group and time.CONCLUSION: Binge-pattern 20% ethanol promoted less bone resorption at the end of tooth movement, thereby suggesting delay in tooth movement.
Class II malocclusion nonextraction treatment with growth control
Authors: Assunção Zilda Lúcia Valentim
Published: January 2015

The present study reports a case of Angle Class II malocclusion treatment of a male growing patient with 10-mm overjet, excessive overbite and transverse maxillary deficiency. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO), with DI equal to or greater than 10, as a requirement for the title of certified by the BBO.
New therapeutic modalities to modulate orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Andrade Jr Ildeu , Sousa Ana Beatriz dos Santos , Silva Gabriela Gonçalves da
Published: January 2015

Modulation of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is desirable not only to patients because it shortens treatment time, but also to orthodontists, since treatment duration is associated with increased risk of gingival inflammation, decalcification, dental caries, and root resorption. The increased focus on the biological basis of tooth movement has rendered Orthodontics a more comprehensive specialty that incorporates facets of all fields of medicine. Current knowledge raises the possibility of using new therapeutic modalities for modulation of OTM, such as corticotomy, laser therapy, vibration (low-intensity pulsed ultrasound), local injections of biomodulators and gene therapy; with the latter being applicable in the near future. They are intended to enhance or inhibit recruitment, differentiation and/or activation of bone cells, accelerate or reduce OTM, increase stability of orthodontic results, as well as assist with the prevention of root resorption. This article summarizes recent studies on each one of these therapeutic modalities, provides readers with information about how they affect OTM and points out future clinical perspectives.
A matemática dos cursos complementares no Instituto Júlio de Castilhos (Porto Alegre, Brasil)
Authors: Esperança Antonio Cesar dos Santos
Published: January 2015

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma discussão sobre o ensino de Matemática nos Cursos Complementares Pré-Médico e Pré-Técnico, que funcionaram no Instituto Júlio de Castilhos no período de vigência da Reforma Francisco Campos. O texto baseia-se na análise das questões das provas de Matemática que foram aplicadas nestes cursos nos anos de 1936 e 1937 e investiga os conteúdos ensinados, as maneiras como eram avaliados e possíveis marcas deixadas pelos professores que faziam parte das bancas de prova. Busca-se identificar, também, as origens do ensino de Matemática praticado nos cursos, considerando, de um lado, a legislação do ensino da época, e, de outro lado, a história singular da instituição, tomando como referência relatórios da Escola de Engenharia de Porto Alegre, entrevistas e depoimentos de ex-alunos e exprofessores e bibliografia relacionada ao tema. O trabalho busca, assim, contribuir para o estudo da história do ensino de Matemática e também para a historiografia do antigo Instituto Júlio de Castilhos, hoje, Colégio Estadual Júlio de Castilhos.
Medidas de controle da circulação do livro didático para o ensino de leitura e escrita em São Paulo: atuação da commissão revisora de 1918
Authors: Oliveira Fernando Rodrigues de , Trevisan Thabatha Aline
Published: January 2015

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a compreensão da história do ensino de leitura e escrita e a história das políticas de circulação dos livros didáticos em São Paulo, Brasil, apresentam-se resultados da análise dos documentos produzidos pela Commissão Revisora de Livros Didáticos, instituída em 1918 pela Diretoria Geral da Instrução Pública de São Paulo. Esta comissão teve como objetivo rever quais livros, dentre os já aprovados por comissões anteriores, deveriam continuar como recomendados para uso nas escolas primárias paulistas, relativamente ao ensino de leitura e escrita. Para tanto, foram produzidos diferentes relatórios, os quais são representativos das ações do governo paulista para controle da circulação e do uso dos livros didáticos nas escolas primárias no início do século 20.
Da cidadania à realização de projetos de vida: inclusão social de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial na vida cotidiana
Authors: Salles Mariana Moraes , Barros Sonia
Published: January 2015

Os objetivos do presente artigo foram identificar e analisar as possibilidades e dificuldades de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) em relação à cidadania e à construção de projetos de vida na perspectiva da promoção da inclusão social. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa como metodologia de pesquisa e a teoria sobre o cotidiano de Agnes Heller como referencial filosófico. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários e pessoas da sua rede social. Para apuração dos dados foi utilizada a Análise do Discurso. Os usuários encontram dificuldades para ter os seus direitos garantidos, porém também encontram possibilidades, principalmente com a ajuda do CAPS. Além disso, eles lutam por seus direitos engajando-se nos movimentos sociais, promovendo seus próprios processos de inclusão. O exercício da cidadania é o primeiro passo em direção à inclusão social. Os próximos passos são trilhados a partir dos desejos e projetos pessoais de cada usuário, em articulação com as possibilidades oferecidas pelo contexto.
Processo decisório do aborto provocado: vivência de mulheres
Authors: Santos Danyelle Leonette Araújo dos , Brito Rosineide Santana de
Published: January 2015

Pesquisa interpretativa, em abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi analisar a vivência de mulheres no processo decisório do aborto provocado. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas 19 mulheres internadas em situação de aborto, no período de março a agosto de 2013, em uma maternidade-escola, situada em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A análise das narrativas ocorreu com base nos referenciais teórico-metodológicos da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e do Interacionismo Simbólico. Os resultados revelaram que as mulheres, ao suspeitarem da gravidez, realizaram diversos exames diagnósticos para confirmá-la. Tal confirmação as levou a vivenciar sentimentos negativos, relacionados ao reconhecimento do aborto como única alternativa possível. Dentre os principais motivos referidos por elas para interromperem a gravidez destacaram-se as dificuldades financeiras e o tipo de relacionamento amoroso. Espera-se que os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa possam ampliar as discussões sobre o fenômeno do aborto provocado, minimizando o estigma social imposto àquelas que o realizam
Avaliação dos efeitos tóxicos de Cd e Pb na cultura da mostarda (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Augusto Amanda dos Santos , Bertoli Alexandre Carvalho , Cannata Marcele Gabriel , Carvalho Ruy , Bastos Ana Rosa Ribeiro
Published: January 2015

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de cádmio (Cd) e chumbo (Pb) na cultura da mostarda (Brassica juncea) e sua relação com o desenvolvimento das plantas, os teores, o acúmulo e a translocação nas raízes e na parte aérea, plantas de mostarda em solução nutritiva de Clark foram cultivadas e submetidas a doses crescentes de Cd (0,00; 0,25; 1,00; 5,00 e 10,00 mg.L-1) e de Pb (0,00; 2,50; 10,00; 50,00 e 100,00 mg.L-1). O Cd mostrou significativa translocação na planta, o que se deve à formação de um complexo entre essa espécie química e a fitoquelatina; a baixa translocação de Pb e o efeito deletério se devem a depósitos radiculares de quelatos estáveis de Pb.