bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening for Biomarkers Related to Pigmentation and Formation in Vitiligo
Authors: Su Mengyun , Shi Ying
Published: January 2024

Background:

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder primarily characterized by the
absence of melanocytes, leading to the development of white patches on the patient's skin. Narrowband
Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy is among the most effective approaches for stimulating
the reformation of hyperpigmentation. This treatment utilizes a narrow spectrum of NBUVB
wavelengths ranging from 311 to 313 nm to irradiate the affected area, thereby preventing
the destruction of migrating and proliferating melanocytes. Nevertheless, the molecular alterations
occurring in both the hair follicle and the interfollicular epidermis during NB-UVB
treatment remain unknown.

Methods:

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the consistency of differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) within the enrichment pathways both before and after NB-UVB
treatment, utilizing a bioinformatics approach. Furthermore, we employed CYTOHUBBA and
Random Forest algorithms to identify and sequence hub genes from the pool of DEGs. Following
validation of these hub genes through ROC curve analysis, we proceeded to construct an
interaction network between these hub genes, miRNA, and drugs. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase
Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to further verify the difference in the expression
of hub genes between the disease group and the control group.

Results:

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of DEGs indicated strong associations with vitiligo in
most pathways. Subsequently, we conducted Gene Ontology and Metascape enrichment analyses
on the overlapping genes from DEGs. We identified key genes (COL11A1, IGFBP7,
LOX, NTRK2, SDC2, SEMA4D, and VEGFA) within the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI)
network. We further explored potential drugs that could be used for the clinical treatment of
vitiligo through the drug-hub gene interaction network. Finally, the results of RT-qPCR experiments
demonstrated that the expression levels of the identified hub genes in both groups were
consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results.

Conclusion:

The hub genes obtained in this study may be a biomarker related to the development
of vitiligo pigmentation. Our research not only contributes to a better understanding of
the treatment mechanisms of vitiligo but also provides valuable insights for future personalized
medical approaches and targeted therapies for vitiligo.
A Comprehensive Review on Niosomes as a Strategy in Targeted Drug Delivery: Pharmaceutical, and Herbal Cosmetic Applications
Authors: Saharawat Sakshi , Verma Sushma
Published: January 2024

:

Niosomes are newly developed, self-assembling sac-like transporters that deliver medication
at a specific site in a focused manner, increasing availability in the body and prolonging healing
effects. Niosome discovery has increased drugs’ therapeutic effectiveness while also reducing adverse
effects.

:

This article aims to concentrate on the increase in the worldwide utilization of niosomal formulation.
This overview presents a thorough perspective of niosomal investigation up until now, encompassing
categories and production techniques, their significance in pharmaceutical transportation, and cosmetic
use.

:

The thorough literature review revealed that extensive attention has been given to developing
nanocarriers for drug delivery as they hold immense endeavor to attain targeted delivery to the affected
area simultaneously shielding the adjacent healthy tissue. Many reviews and research papers have
been published that demonstrate the interest of scientists in niosomes. Phytoconstituents, which possess
antioxidant, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-acne, and skin whitening properties,
are also encapsulated into niosome. Their flexibility allows for the incorporation of various therapeutic
agents, including small molecules, proteins, and peptides making them adaptable for different
types of drugs. Niosomes can be modified with ligands, enhancing their targeting capabilities.

:

A flexible drug delivery mechanism provided by non-ionic vesicles, which are self-assembling vesicular
nano-carriers created from hydrating non-ionic surfactant, cholesterol, or amphiphilic compounds
along comprehensive applications such as transdermal and brain-targeted delivery.
Current Status of Hedgehog Signaling Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Xiaotang , Wang Tian , Song Xiaona , Gao Jiping , Xu Guoqiang , Ma Yunhui , Song Guohua
Published: January 2024

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in diverse biological pro-cesses such as cell differentiation, proliferation, senescence, tumorigenesis, malignant transfor-mation, and drug resistance. Aberrant Hh signaling, resulting from mutations and excessive acti-vation, can contribute to the development of various diseases during different stages of biogenesis and development. Moreover, it has been linked to unfavorable outcomes in several human can-cers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), multiple myeloma (MM), melanoma, and breast can-cer. Hence, the presence of mutations and excessive activation of the Hh pathway presents obsta-cles and constraints in the realm of cancer treatment. Extant research has demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors are regarded as the most effective therapeutic approaches for targeting the Hh pathway in contrast to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Consequently, this review fo-cuses on the present repertoire of small molecule inhibitors that target various components of the Hh pathway, including Hh ligands, Ptch receptors, Smo transmembrane proteins, and Gli nuclear transcription factors. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of small molecules' structural and functional aspects in the preclinical and clinical management of cancer. Additionally, it elu-cidates the obstacles encountered in targeting the Hh pathway for human cancer therapy and pro-poses potential therapeutic approaches.
A Review of the Synthesis of Oxazoline Derivatives
Authors: Pereira Cynthia Nathalia , Eschholz Amanda Cristina Cruz , dos Santos Maurício Silva
Published: January 2024

Oxazolines are important heterocyclic systems due to their biological activities, such
as antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic,
and antileishmanial. They have been widely applied as chiral auxiliaries, polymers, catalysts,
protecting groups, building blocks, and ligands in asymmetric synthesis. Due to their importance,
many synthetic routes to prepare oxazoline moieties have been investigated and developed
by researchers around the world. In this review, we summarized several synthetic
methodologies published in the literature. The main substrates are nitriles, carboxylic acids,
and acid derivatives, which react with a variety of reactants under conventional heating, microwave
irradiation or ultrasound irradiation conditions. Syntheses via intramolecular cyclisation
from amides have also been reported. Many publications have highlighted procedures based on
solvent-free conditions using eco-friendly, reusable, and easy-availability catalysts.
Formulation, Design, Optimization, and Characterization of Novel
Long-acting Injectable Dosage Form of Anti-psychotic Drug
Authors: Patel Niraj , Patel Rakesh , Dharamsi Abhay
Published: January 2024

Background:

The current research aimed to create and analyze a new long-acting Brexpiprazole
(BRX) injectable for successful anti-psychotic drug therapy in order to decrease dosage
frequency and increase patient compliance. Systems for drug transport to particular body sites or
regulating release rates with accuracy are known as drug delivery systems (DDS). By affixing the
drug to a carrier particle like liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, etc., which modifies the drug's
absorption and release properties, using carrier technology, drugs may be delivered in an intelligent
manner.

Methods:

Utilizing Resomer RG 502 H and RESOMER® RG 752 H extended-release Polymer, Using
a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion, microspheres were made, and emulsification and solvent
evaporation process.

Results:

The produced microspheres were assessed for stability tests, in vitro drug release, flow characteristics,
and drug entrapment efficiency. FTIR experiments were used to establish how well the
drug excipients worked together. The acarbose microspheres that were created had an 89.9 to 96.1
percent drug entrapment efficiency. The impact of factors like polymer content on medication release
was studied. The Stability study of the formulation was carried out under different conditions, and
data were established. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies between marketed oral formulation and
Brexpirazole microsphere test formulations in Wistar/SD Rats were carried out and concluded.

Conclusion:

Brexpiprazole (BRX) novel long-acting injectable formulation, could be used effectively
for the treatment of mentally challenged anti-psychotic patients worldwide.
A Correlation Study to Comprehend the SAR-CoV-2 Viral Load, Antiviral
Antibody Titer, and Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms Post-infection
Amongst the Vaccinated Population in Kamrup District of As sam,
Northeast India
Authors: Patra Aparup , Bala Asis , Khan Mojibur R. , Mukherjee Ashis K.
Published: January 2024

Background:

As per the recommendation of the United States Food and Drug
Administration, more research is needed to determine the antibody titer against COVID-19
vaccination.

Objective:

The study aimed to understand the relationship between the antibody titer to the demographics,
infection severity, and cycle threshold (CT) values of confirmed COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

Initially, we obtained consent from 185 populations and included sixty RT-PCRpositive
COVID-19 patients from Kamrup District in the Northeast State of Assam, India. The
vaccination status was recorded and tested for the level of serum immunoglobulin (IgG). The CT
values, gender, and clinical symptoms-based scoring (CSBS) correlated with their IgG value.

Results:

Around 48% of participants gained an antibody titer more than the threshold value and
showed CT values between 18-25. Moreover, the maximum distributed score above the average
was found between the CT values 18-25.

Conclusion:

The IgG titer value differs significantly amongst the vaccinated population, which
may depend upon their genetic and demographic variability.
Downregulation of Serum miR-133b and miR-206 Associate with Clinical
Outcomes of Progression as Monitoring Biomarkers for Metastasis
Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Wanram Surasak , Klaewkla Namphon , Pinyosri Parichart
Published: January 2024

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Non-coding RNAs or microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) biomarkers can play a role in cancer carcin-ogenesis and progression. Specific KRAS and EGFR mutation are associated with CRC develop-ment playing a role in controlling the cellular process as epigenetic events. Circulating serum miRs can serve for early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of CRC as biomarkers but it is still unclear, clinically.

Objective:

To determine potential biomarkers of circulating serum miR-133b and miR-206 in CRC patients

Methods:

Bioinformatic prediction of microRNA was screened followed by TargetScanHu-man7.2, miRTar2GO, miRDB, MiRanda, and DIANA-microT-CDS. Forty-four CRC serum (19 locally advanced, 23 distant advanced CRC) and 12 normal serum samples were subsequently extracted for RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and miR validation. The candidate circulating se-rum miR-133b and miR-206 were validated resulting in a relative expression via quantitative RT-PCR. Relative expression was normalized to the spike-internal control and compared to normal samples as 1 using the 2-ΔΔCt method in principle.

Results:

Our results represented 9 miRs of miR-206, miR-155-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-543, miR-877-5p relate to KRAS-specific miRs, whereas, 9 miRs of miR-133b, miR-302a-3p, miR-302b-3p, miR-302d-3p, miR-302e, miR-520a-3p, miR-520b, miR-520c-3p and miR-7-5p relevance to EGFR-specific miRs by using the bioin-formatic prediction tools. Our results showed a decreased expression level of circulating serum miR-133b as well as miR-206 associating with CRC patients (local and advanced metastasis) when compared to normal (P < 0.05), significantly.

Conclusion:

The circulating serum miR-133b and miR-206 can serve as significant biomarkers for monitoring the clinical outcome of progression with metastatic CRC patients. Increased drug-responsive CRC patients associated with crucial molecular intervention should be further ex-plored, clinically.
A study on the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩) of Mokjae(木齋) Hong Yeo-ha(洪汝河)
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Yang Seung-ho
Published: January 2024

Mokjae(木齋) Hong, Yeo-ha(洪汝河) was a writer who led the Toegye School(退溪學派) in the Yeongnam(嶺南) region amid the chaotic situation after the Imbyeong-yangnan(壬丙兩亂) in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮). His literary collection 『Mokjaejib(木齋集)』 contains quite a few Chinese poems on 258題 and 391首. Among them, the origin of his thoughts and values can be confirmed in his the Echoing and Rhyme- borrowing poems(和次韻詩). This is because the Echoing and Rhyme- borrowing poems(和次韻詩) is a form of giving affection to others in a deep and intimate relationship, and it is possible to confirm how a character had a close relationship with a character and how the consciousness was reflected and created in the work when communicating. In addition, in the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩), we can look not only at the values, emotions, and thoughts that a character was influenced by a person who communicated and exchanged during the contemporary(당대), but also at the influence of a previous generation(선대) person.
Therefore, this paper examined the aspects of the Echoing and Rhyme- borrowing poems(和次韻詩) contained in the 『Mokjaejib(木齋集)』 as one of the processes of studying the world of Mokjae(木齋) poetry, and then reviewed the adjournment and consciousness orientation in the teaching of the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩) with writers from the previous generation(선대) and contemporary(당대). The most important consciousness orientation seen in the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩) of Mokjae(木齋) first, it was to express one's admiration for ancient sages(先賢), second, emotional communication was achieved through the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩), and third, it was possible to confirm and inspire the mission of the Taoist man of virtue(君子)'s life, and fourth, it was characterized by trying to show off one's poetic talent and relieve the desire to achieve a Make a poem(詩作).
Investigating Cytogenetic Profiles in Couples Experiencing Recurrent Implantation Failure Post in vitro Fertilization
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , Komnenic Radovanovic Milica , Erceg Nikolina , Milicevic Srboljub , Dusanovic Pjevic Marija
Published: January 2024

This study evaluates how chromosomal factors affect assisted reproduction techniques (ART) challenges among infertile couples, impacting their chances of conception. Chromosomal abnormalities, a leading cause of pregnancy failure and miscarriages, were investigated in a four-year retrospective study involving 100 patients with a history of infertility and unsuccessful IVF treatment. Among these cases, nine (9%) displayed aberrant chromosomal patterns, including balanced translocations (5%), sex chromosome deletions (3%), and one case of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) (1%). The results of the present study highlight the importance of integrating comprehensive cytogenetic analysis as a routine diagnostic tool for individuals dealing with infertility, particularly before assisted reproduction techniques, to avert recurrent implantation failure and to enhance their chances of success.
Noticias de la semana - Impacto científico de AGROSAVIA
Authors:   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Corchuelo Rodriguez Camilo Alejandro , Mora Niviayo Maria Esperanza
Published: January 2024

Noticias de la semana es una acción dentro de la Estrategia Corporativa de Difusión y Divulgación Científica y Tecnológica. Su objetivo principal es comunicar los avances e impacto científico de investigadores, centros de investigación, redes y grupos de investigación, con la finalidad de potenciar la divulgación y difusión de AGROSAVIA a nivel nacional e internacional. #CienciaAbierta #CienciaConConciencia Cifras del impacto científico de AGROSAVIA: 10.21930/agrosavia.Boletin.2023.1 Participa en la #Ideatón https://forms.office.com/r/cDiJwriNX6. Canal de difusión WhatsApp: https://goo.su/JtYb1lU.
Noticias de la semana - Impacto científico de AGROSAVIA
Authors:   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Corchuelo Rodriguez Camilo Alejandro , Mora Niviayo Maria Esperanza
Published: January 2024

Noticias de la semana es una acción dentro de la Estrategia Corporativa de Difusión y Divulgación Científica y Tecnológica. Su objetivo principal es comunicar los avances e impacto científico de investigadores, centros de investigación, redes y grupos de investigación, con la finalidad de potenciar la divulgación y difusión de AGROSAVIA a nivel nacional e internacional. #CienciaAbierta #CienciaConConciencia 📊Cifras del impacto científico de AGROSAVIA: 10.21930/agrosavia.Boletin.2023.1 💡Participa en la #Ideatón https://forms.office.com/r/cDiJwriNX6 Cana de difusión WhatsApp: https://goo.su/JtYb1lU
Assessing the Effectiveness of STAPP@Work, a Self-Management Mobile App, in Reducing Work Stress and Preventing Burnout: Single-Case Experimental Design Study
Authors: Demirel Sevda , Roke Yvette , Hoogendoorn Adriaan W , Hoefakker Jamie , Hoeberichts Kirsten , van Harten Peter N
Published: January 2024

Background

Work-related stress and burnout remain common problems among employees, leading to impaired health and higher absenteeism. The use of mobile health apps to promote well-being has grown substantially; however, the impact of such apps on reducing stress and preventing burnout is limited.

Objective

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of STAPP@Work, a mobile-based stress management intervention, on perceived stress, coping self-efficacy, and the level of burnout among mental health employees.

Methods

The study used a single-case experimental design to examine the use of STAPP@Work among mental health employees without a known diagnosis of burnout (N=63). Participants used the app for 1 week per month repeatedly for a period of 6 months. Using a reversal design, the participants used the app 6 times to assess replicated immediate (1 week after use) and lasting (3 weeks after use) effects. The Perceived Stress Scale, the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Burnout Assessment Tool were used to measure the outcomes. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data.

Results

After 6 months of app use for 1 week per month, the participants showed a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress (b=–0.38, 95% CI –0.67 to –0.09; P=.01; Cohen d=0.50) and burnout symptoms (b=–0.31, 95% CI –0.51 to –0.12; P=.002; Cohen d=0.63) as well as a statistically significant improvement in problem-focused coping self-efficacy (b=0.42, 95% CI 0-0.85; P=.049; Cohen d=0.42). Long-term use of the app provided consistent reductions in burnout symptoms over time, including in the level of exhaustion and emotional impairment.

Conclusions

The use of an app-based stress management intervention has been shown to reduce burnout symptoms and enhance coping self-efficacy among mental health workers. Prevention of burnout and minimization of work-related stress are of utmost importance to protect employee health and reduce absenteeism.
Identifying Unmet Needs in Major Depressive Disorder Using a Computer-Assisted Alternative to Conventional Thematic Analysis: Qualitative Interview Study With Psychiatrists
Authors: Worthington Michelle A , Christie Richard H , Masino Aaron J , Kark Sarah M
Published: January 2024

Background

The development of digital health tools that are clinically relevant requires a deep understanding of the unmet needs of stakeholders, such as clinicians and patients. One way to reveal unforeseen stakeholder needs is through qualitative research, including stakeholder interviews. However, conventional qualitative data analytical approaches are time-consuming and resource-intensive, rendering them untenable in many industry settings where digital tools are conceived of and developed. Thus, a more time-efficient process for identifying clinically relevant target needs for digital tool development is needed.

Objective

The objective of this study was to address the need for an accessible, simple, and time-efficient alternative to conventional thematic analysis of qualitative research data through text analysis of semistructured interview transcripts. In addition, we sought to identify important themes across expert psychiatrist advisor interview transcripts to efficiently reveal areas for the development of digital tools that target unmet clinical needs.

Methods

We conducted 10 (1-hour-long) semistructured interviews with US-based psychiatrists treating major depressive disorder. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide that comprised open-ended questions predesigned to (1) understand the clinicians’ experience of the care management process and (2) understand the clinicians’ perceptions of the patients’ experience of the care management process. We then implemented a hybrid analytical approach that combines computer-assisted text analyses with deductive analyses as an alternative to conventional qualitative thematic analysis to identify word combination frequencies, content categories, and broad themes characterizing unmet needs in the care management process.

Results

Using this hybrid computer-assisted analytical approach, we were able to identify several key areas that are of interest to clinicians in the context of major depressive disorder and would be appropriate targets for digital tool development.

Conclusions

A hybrid approach to qualitative research combining computer-assisted techniques with deductive techniques provides a time-efficient approach to identifying unmet needs, targets, and relevant themes to inform digital tool development. This can increase the likelihood that useful and practical tools are built and implemented to ultimately improve health outcomes for patients.
Digital Storytelling Intervention for Enhancing the Social Participation of People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Co-Design and Usability Study
Authors: Zhu Di , Al Mahmud Abdullah , Liu Wei
Published: January 2024

Background

Community-based social participation has shown promise in delaying cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are at risk of developing dementia. Although group storytelling interventions have proven effective, the need for a skilled workforce to support people with MCI can limit broader community implementation. Technology-based interventions may offer a solution to this limitation by replicating the abilities of therapists.

Objective

This study aims to co-design a digital storytelling intervention and evaluate its usability.

Methods

This co-design process involved 3 stages, engaging people with MCI (n=12), their caregivers (n=4), and therapists (n=5) in Beijing, China. In the first stage, we used card sorting and voting methods to identify potential incentives for social participation and target the specific abilities that people with MCI wanted to enhance. In the second stage, we conducted brainstorming sessions with people with MCI and their caregivers to identify the potential features of a digital storytelling application named Huiyou (“meeting new friends” in Chinese). Finally, we assessed Huiyou’s usability with people with MCI and therapists, leading to iterative improvements based on the usability findings.

Results

We uncovered a crucial link between boosting the self-confidence of people with MCI and their ability to address social participation challenges. Notably, we identified memory improvement and enhanced language expression as key factors for effective communication with grandchildren. Subsequently, participants suggested features and interfaces to address these challenges, leading to the development of Huiyou, a group-based digital storytelling application featuring functions such as generating story materials, conducting memory retrieval activities, and sharing stories. It received an “excellent” rating in the User Experience Questionnaire benchmark, displaying high levels of attractiveness, dependability, stimulation, and novelty. People with MCI achieved an average task completion rate of 87% (n=19; SD 0.13) of the 22 tasks. However, feedback from people with MCI and therapists highlighted usability issues in navigation, activity management, user interface, and feature optimization, indicating a need for improved accessibility and efficiency.

Conclusions

The co-design approach contributed to developing the Huiyou prototype, supporting community-based social participation. User feedback highlighted the potential of Huiyou to enhance well-being and facilitate meaningful social interactions while maintaining crucial existing relationships.
Preoperative Virtual Reality to Expose Patients With Breast Cancer to the Operating Room Environment: Feasibility and Pilot Case Series Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sommer Jordana L , Reynolds Kristin , Hebbard Pamela , Smith Michael S D , Mota Natalie , Mutch W Alan C , Maples-Keller Jessica , Roos Leslie , El-Gabalawy Renée
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Clinically elevated preoperative distress and anxiety are common among patients undergoing cancer surgery. Preoperative interventions have been developed to mitigate this distress and anxiety but are inconsistent in efficacy and feasibility for broad implementation.

OBJECTIVE

This preliminary pilot study aims to assess the feasibility and utility of a newly developed virtual reality (VR) intervention to expose patients awaiting breast cancer surgery to the operating room environment and a simulation of anesthetic induction.

METHODS

Patients undergoing breast cancer surgery (N=7) were assigned to the VR intervention or control (treatment as usual) group and completed self-report measures of distress and anxiety before surgery, on the day of surgery, and after surgery (5 and 30 d postoperatively). Those in the intervention group trialed the VR simulation 1 to 2 weeks preoperatively and provided qualitative and quantitative feedback. We assessed the feasibility of recruitment capability and study design and evaluated participants’ impressions of the intervention using self-report rating scales and open-ended questions. We also descriptively examined distress and anxiety levels throughout the duration of the study.

RESULTS

Recruitment occurred between December 2021 and December 2022 and progressed slowly (rate: 1 participant/7 wk on average; some hesitancy because of stress and being overwhelmed). All participants who consented to participate completed the entire study. All participants were female and aged 56 (SD 10.56) years on average. In total, 57% (4/7) of the participants were assigned to the intervention group. On average, intervention participants spent 12 minutes engaged in the VR simulation. In general, the intervention was rated favorably (eg, clear information, enjoyable, and attractive presentation; mean% agreement 95.00-96.25, SD 4.79-10.00) and as helpful (mean% agreement 87.50, SD 25.00). Participants described the intervention as realistic (eg, “It was realistic to my past surgical experiences”), impacting their degree of preparedness and expectations for surgery (eg, “The sounds and sights and procedures give you a test run; they prepare you for the actual day”), and having a calming or relaxing effect (eg, “You feel more relaxed for the surgery”).

CONCLUSIONS

This preoperative VR intervention demonstrated preliminary feasibility among a sample of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Results and participant feedback will inform modifications to the VR intervention and the study design of a large-scale randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of this intervention.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04544618; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04544618
Trust in and Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shevtsova Daria , Ahmed Anam , Boot Iris W A , Sanges Carmen , Hudecek Michael , Jacobs John J L , Hort Simon , Vrijhoef Hubertus J M
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI)–powered technologies are being increasingly used in almost all fields, including medicine. However, to successfully implement medical AI applications, ensuring trust and acceptance toward such technologies is crucial for their successful spread and timely adoption worldwide. Although AI applications in medicine provide advantages to the current health care system, there are also various associated challenges regarding, for instance, data privacy, accountability, and equity and fairness, which could hinder medical AI application implementation.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify factors related to trust in and acceptance of novel AI-powered medical technologies and to assess the relevance of those factors among relevant stakeholders.

METHODS

This study used a mixed methods design. First, a rapid review of the existing literature was conducted, aiming to identify various factors related to trust in and acceptance of novel AI applications in medicine. Next, an electronic survey including the rapid review–derived factors was disseminated among key stakeholder groups. Participants (N=22) were asked to assess on a 5-point Likert scale (1=irrelevant to 5=relevant) to what extent they thought the various factors (N=19) were relevant to trust in and acceptance of novel AI applications in medicine.

RESULTS

The rapid review (N=32 papers) yielded 110 factors related to trust and 77 factors related to acceptance toward AI technology in medicine. Closely related factors were assigned to 1 of the 19 overarching umbrella factors, which were further grouped into 4 categories: human-related (ie, the type of institution AI professionals originate from), technology-related (ie, the explainability and transparency of AI application processes and outcomes), ethical and legal (ie, data use transparency), and additional factors (ie, AI applications being environment friendly). The categorized 19 umbrella factors were presented as survey statements, which were evaluated by relevant stakeholders. Survey participants (N=22) represented researchers (n=18, 82%), technology providers (n=5, 23%), hospital staff (n=3, 14%), and policy makers (n=3, 14%). Of the 19 factors, 16 (84%) human-related, technology-related, ethical and legal, and additional factors were considered to be of high relevance to trust in and acceptance of novel AI applications in medicine. The patient’s gender, age, and education level were found to be of low relevance (3/19, 16%).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study could help the implementers of medical AI applications to understand what drives trust and acceptance toward AI-powered technologies among key stakeholders in medicine. Consequently, this would allow the implementers to identify strategies that facilitate trust in and acceptance of medical AI applications among key stakeholders and potential users.
Effectiveness of Mobile-Based Progressive and Fixed Physical Activity on Depression, Stress, Anxiety, and Quality of Life Outcomes Among Adults in South Korea: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Ye Hoon , Kim Hyungsook , Hwang Juhee , Noh Sihyeon
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Depression acts as a significant obstacle to the overall well-being of individuals. Given the significant consequences, timely recognition and proactive steps to manage symptoms of depression become essential. Such actions not only reduce personal distress but also play a crucial role in reducing its far-reaching impact on society as a whole.

OBJECTIVE

In response to this concern, the objective of this study was to explore the use of mobile-based interventions as a possible remedy. More specifically, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 2 types of physical activity (PA), progressive and fixed, within a mobile-based app on depression, perceived stress, anxiety, physical health, and psychological health, aiming to contribute to the optimization of mental health benefits.

METHODS

Participants (N=60; mean age 25.29, SD 6.10 years) were recruited using a combination of web-based and offline methods, and the study lasted for 8 weeks. The baseline and posttest questionnaires were administered to all participants. The participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: progressive group (n=20; performing mobile-based progressive PA), fixed group (n=20; performing mobile-based fixed intensity PA), and control group C (n=20). Data analysis involved comparing scores between the experimental and control groups using a one-way ANOVA, paired sample t tests (2-tailed), and repeated measures ANOVA with a 3 (group)×2 (time) design.

RESULTS

The findings revealed significant improvements in mental health indicators among participants engaged in both fixed and progressive PA groups compared with the control group. However, the fixed PA group demonstrated more significant reductions in symptoms. Specifically, the progressive PA group showed significant reductions in depression (F1,36=6.941; P=.01; ηp2=0.16) and perceived stress (F1,36=5.47; P=.03; ηp2=0.13), while the fixed PA group exhibited significant reductions in depression (F1,37=5.36; P=.03; ηp2=0.12), perceived stress (F1,37=7.81; P=.008; ηp2=0.17), and general anxiety disorder (F1,37=5.45; P=.03; ηp2=0.13) compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

This study underscores the potential of mobile-based PA in improving mental health outcomes. The findings offer significant insights for mental health professionals and researchers aiming to optimize mental well-being through innovative mobile therapies.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Research Information Service KCT0009100; https://tinyurl.com/mr33fmur
The effect of a smartphone application self-management programme on clinical health outcomes in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A randomised controlled trial. (Preprint)
Authors: Glynn Lisa , Moloney Edward , Lane Stephen , Mc Nally Emma , Buckley Carol , Mc Cann Margaret , Mc Cabe Catherine
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) negatively impacts clinical health outcomes, resulting in frequent exacerbations, increased hospitalisations, worsening respiratory symptoms, reduced physical activity, deteriorated quality of life, and diminished self-efficacy. Previous studies demonstrated that self-management programmes tailored for COPD participants enhance self-management decisions leading to a significant improvement in their clinical health outcomes. However, there are limited studies pertaining to the use of a comprehensive self-management programme using a smartphone application (app) for people with COPD over 12 months.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a smartphone application self-management programme on clinical health outcomes in patients with COPD.

METHODS

Methods
A feasibility three-arm parallel randomised control trial (RCT) was conducted that included 92 participants. Participants were randomised into intervention arm 1 which included the self-management smartphone app and monthly phone calls (n=31), intervention arm 2 included the self-management smartphone app (n=31) and arm 3 was standard respiratory outpatient care (n=30). All arms received standard respiratory outpatient care. The primary outcome was the number of COPD exacerbations reviewed in the general practitioner (GP) and the hospital setting. Secondary outcomes included, engagement, breathlessness, physical activity, health related quality of life and self-efficacy.

RESULTS

Results
There was a statistically significant difference, p-value 0.033 indicating less exacerbations in the intervention arm compared to the control arm at six months in the hospital setting. The intervention arms had a statistically significant difference indicating a lower risk of developing an exacerbation at six months in both the GP (p-value 0.0165) and hospital setting (p-value 0.006) compared to the control arm. Furthermore, the intervention arm demonstrated a statistically significance difference in exercise capacity (p-value 0.039) and step count (p-value 0.009 compared to the control arm. The majority of participants engaged with the app over the 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion
This feasibility study illustrates benefits such as reduced exacerbations, improved exercise capacity and physical activity resulting in reduced hospitalisations. It is feasible to conduct a larger multi-centre trial exploring the effect of a smartphone app self-management programme on clinical health outcomes in patients with COPD.

CLINICALTRIAL

The ClinicalTrial.gov ID number assigned to this study was NCT05061810.
Introducing JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies: A Venue for Publishing Interdisciplinary Research on the Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Health Innovations and Emerging Technologies in the Field of Rehabilitation (Preprint)
Authors: Munce Sarah EP
Published: January 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Rehabilitation supports the affected individual and their caregivers in managing the health condition and its associated symptoms, altering the environment to accommodate needs, adapting tasks for safe and independent performance, facilitating self-management, and using assistive devices and technologies. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies focuses on pragmatic yet rigorous and impactful science that reports on the development, implementation, and evaluation of health innovations and interventions as well as emerging technologies in the field of rehabilitation.
Leveraging Patient Experience Analysis: Improving the performance of machine learning algorithm in multicentre cohorts (Preprint)
Authors: Khanbhai Mustafa , Carenzo Catalina , Aryasinghe Sarindi , Mayer Erik
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

In the context of limited resources and the complexities associated with analysing large volumes of the Friends and Family Test (FFT) free-text data, our aim is to create and refine an approach for the deployment of a text analytics algorithm to predict themes from the NHS Patient Experience Framework and sentiment, which can be reliably deployed in healthcare organisations in England.

OBJECTIVE

To enhance the landscape of patient experience nationally, the aim of this study was to refine the previously published algorithm for use in other healthcare settings with acceptable accuracy.

METHODS

Eleven healthcare organisations with diverse care settings were recruited. Given the variation in care and technical capacity and resource, testing of algorithm across diverse care settings and FFT free-text datasets was performed including manual coding of subset of retrospective comments. Technical infrastructure including coding environment and packages were deployed. The algorithm was tailored to accommodate contextual variations, rectifying issues identified during testing and tested for change in algorithm performance.

RESULTS

The algorithm exhibited satisfactory overall accuracy (>75%) for both themes and sentiment in predicting themes and sentiments embedded within free-text responses. While the classifier yielded strong and reusable models in relatively stable environments, such as adult inpatient care settings, the accuracy was notably lower in organizations providing services such as paediatrics and mental health. The accuracy of our algorithm significantly improved when individual Trust coding templates were applied to these organisations. Thematic saturation was reached after the eighth organisation was recruited and no further coding was required for the last three organisations.

CONCLUSIONS

This study represents a significant step forward in leveraging free-text FFT data for valuable insights in healthcare settings through the development of a robust supervised learning text analytics algorithm. The disparity in some care settings was anticipated, given that the lexicon and phraseology used is inherently differ from those prevalent in adult inpatient care (where the algorithm was developed). These challenges were addressed with further coding and testing under various scenarios. This approach also enhanced the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm and encouraged inter- and intra-organisational collaboration and shared-learning.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
First National Report on Soil Salinity Across Paraguay
Authors: Encina Rojas Arnulfo , Sevilla-Linares Víctor , Guevara-Santamaría Mario , Villarreal Samuel Villarreal , Olivera Carolina , Vargas Ronald , Olmedo Federico
Published: January 2024

Assessing soil salinity on a national scale provides crucial information on soil fertility. Our objective was to map soil salinity in Paraguay at the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) using indicators such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, and Exchangeable Sodium Percent (ESP). We employed a model with 80 data points for Electrical Conductivity (EC) and 204 points for pH and Exchangeable Sodium Percent (ESP). The statistical model used to map soil salinity properties was the "quantile random forest." For validation and accuracy calculation, we utilized "cross-validation" with all soil sampling sites and a "Random" selection parameter. To ensure result consistency, we repeated the validation five times, calculating the average of the results. Uncertainty was estimated using "predUncertain-quantile random forest," implemented in the R programming language. In general, Paraguayan soils at a depth of 0 to 30 cm exhibit low salt levels, with the soils in the Paraguayan Chaco region showing higher levels. Two primary factors contribute to soil salinity in Paraguay: natural factors, such as a dry climate, high temperatures, and high evapotranspiration, and secondary factors, including soil parent material with alluvial deposits and groundwater with significant salt content. It’s worth noting that actual salinity values, both in Paraguayan Chaco and the eastern region, might surpass those mentioned in this study due to limited available data and the spatial resolution of the map. This study represents the first effort to develop a soil salinity map of Paraguay, providing the initial national baseline for the development of salinity/sodicity monitoring frameworks. It can be instrumental in addressing regional gaps in salinity/sodicity within South America.
PRODUCTION OF GLYCOHYDROLASES FROM RESIDUES FROM THE FLOUR INDUSTRY BY Aspergillus niger
Authors: Silveira Renata , Marinho Glória , Rodrigues Kelly , Barbosa Barbara Chaves Aguiar , Pimentel Ida C. , Oliveira José Vladimir de , Robl Diogo , Oliveira Débora de
Published: January 2024

The liquid from cassava processing and the peel are agro-waste produced by the flour industry, a sector of great economic importance in Brazil. These residues can cause environmental impacts when disposed of improperly, due to their high concentration of carbohydrates and chemical demand for oxygen - COD. Faced with this demand, the objective of the present study was to carry out the bioremediation of cassava and cassava peel aiming at the production of glycohydrolases by two strains of Aspergillus niger, DR02 and AN 400. The tests took place in agitated medium, for 144 hours. The analyzes carried out were: glucose, pH, COD and the enzymes glucoamylase, xylanase and α -amylase. The results obtained showed a maximum COD reduction of 76 and 78% - DR02 and AN 400, respectively. The highest production of enzymes detected during this bioprocess, for the strains of A. niger DR02 and AN 400, were α-amylases (11.78 and 3.64 U/mL), glucoamylases (8.21 and 3.80 U/ml) and xylanases (2.66 and 1.43 U/ml), respectively. In view of the results reported here, it can be inferred that mycoremediation can be an alternative to manage waste from the flour industry, simultaneously generating value-added products that can be used in the food industry.
Methodology and Instrumentation Development for a Solar Module Diagnosing System in a Remote Mode under Non-Uniform Illuminaion
Authors: Zinov'ev V. V. , Mirsaetov O. M. , Kolesova S. B.
Published: January 2024

The monitoring principle of the solar module conditions as a part of photovoltaic power plants is considered. In the existing monitoring technology, information about the electrical parameters of individual solar modules being the part of linear chains gets lost. If a fault is not detected and corrected in a timely manner, energy production is reduced and the risk of local hot spot formation in the photovoltaic converters that make up the solar modules increases. The technical task is to equip the solar module with a diagnostic unit simple in design and capable to detect a violation of the normal operating mode automatically. A system for diagnosing solar modules in a remote mode has been developed, which determines the presence of current in the bypass diode circuit being the violation of the normal operation mode of the module. The current sensor (based on the Hall effect) detects the presence of current in the bypass diode circuit (i.e., current flowing bypassing a group of solar cells located at reduced illumination). This installation makes it possible to detect electric current in the bypass diode circuit, where it should not exist during normal operation, which is a consequence of the fact that the solar module group of solar cells shunted by this bypass diode has stopped generating electric current, due to the fact that the illumination of one or several PV cells in this group became lower than the PV illumination in other groups of the solar module. The diagnostic unit operates as part of a wireless sensor network. Each wireless diagnostic unit has a unique address, thanks to which it is possible to determine the coordinates of a module that is operating intermittently. The technical result is to simplify the design, increase the reliability of the solar module, and reduce the time for localizing the “problem module”.