bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Mediastinal Nodal and Extranodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Current Concepts, Historical Evolution, and Useful Diagnostic Approach: Part 2
Authors: Piña-Oviedo Sergio , Moran Cesar A.
Published: September 2019

Primary mediastinal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (PM-NHLs) represent ∼5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and comprise lymphomas of B-cell and T-cell origin. PM-NHLs are defined as involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes, thymus, and/or mediastinal organs (heart, lung, pleura, pericardium) by NHL without evidence of systemic disease at presentation. The clinical scenario is variable and depends on the lymphoma subtype. The radiologic presentation is also variable ranging from a mediastinal mass with or without superior vena cava syndrome, a pleural or a cardiac mass associated with effusion, or as an effusion only. The diagnosis of PM-NHLs can only be established by microscopic evaluation, and therefore, general pathologists should be aware of these tumors and familiar with their diagnostic approach. The most common anterior mediastinal NHLs (90% to 95%) are primary mediastinal (PM) large B-cell lymphoma and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Thymic marginal zone lymphoma and mediastinal gray zone lymphoma are very rare. The remainder PM-NHLs involving middle or posterior mediastinum include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and rare cases of T-cell lymphoma, including anaplastic large cell lymphoma and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma extending to the anterior mediastinum. Primary pleural and cardiac NHLs are mostly DLBCLs. Other rare subtypes of PM-NHLs include DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation/pyothorax-associated lymphoma, fibrin-associated DLBCL (both Epstein-Barr virus positive), and pleural and/or pericardial primary effusion lymphoma (human herpesvirus-8 positive/Epstein-Barr virus positive). We review the historical aspects, epidemiology, clinicoradiologic features, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, differential diagnosis, and relevant cytogenetic and molecular features of the remaining mediastinal B-cell lymphomas, including primary thymic marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type, other PM small B-cell lymphomas, PM plasmacytoma, and the most relevant PM T-cell lymphomas.
Cervical Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rivera-Colon Glorimar , Chen Hao , Niu Shuang , Lucas Elena , Holloway Steven , Carrick Kelley , Gwin Katja , Lea Jayanthi , Zheng Wenxin
Published: September 2019

The pattern-based classification system of endocervical adenocarcinoma correlates with nodal metastasis and clinical outcomes, but its application in biopsies is challenging. The aim of this study was the correlation of additional histologic features with patterns of invasion as well as prognosis. A total of 103 specimens from 71 cervical adenocarcinoma cases were studied. Among the 71 cases, all had resection specimens including hysterectomy, cold knife cone excision or loop electrosurgical excision procedure excision, and 32 of these had prior cervical biopsies. We applied the pattern-based classification system to all the specimens and evaluated histopathologic features microscopically. Findings in biopsies were compared with their corresponding resections and correlated with nodal status and disease stage. In 71 resection specimens, pattern A was present in 10 (14.1%), pattern B in 12 (16.9%), and pattern C in 49 (69%) cases. Of the 32 cervical biopsies, pattern of invasion could be classified in only 16 (50%) cases, including 1 (6%) with pattern A, 4 (25%) with pattern B, and 11 (69%) with pattern C. Of the 32 cervical biopsies, 30 could be evaluated for intraluminal necrotic/tumor debris and/or grade 3 nuclei, which correlated with pattern C as well as with lymph node metastasis in the subsequent staging specimens. No tumor with patterns A or B had intraluminal necrotic/tumor debris or grade 3 nuclei in either biopsy or resection specimens. Therefore, intraluminal necrotic/tumor debris and grade 3 nuclei are highly predictive histologic features for cervical adenocarcinomas with pattern C invasion and nodal metastasis.
Lung Transplant Index: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Hayes Don , Feeney Bob , O’Connor Donna J. , Nicholson Kerri L. , Nance Ashley E. , Sakellaris Kelly K. , Dempster Nicole R. , Groh Jaclyn D. , Kirkby Stephen E.
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Limited long-term survival is a recognized problem in adolescent/young adult lung transplant recipients. A quality improvement (QI) initiative included the development of a Lung Transplant Index (LTI) composed of key elements that we used as a comprehensive approach to screen and identify potential harms in this at-risk patient population.

Methods:

A single-center, uncontrolled QI study was completed from January 2014 to February 2019. The elements of the LTI are events that should have occurred within the most recent 12 months. If an element did not occur, it was counted as a missed element of preventing harm and summated later serving as the LTI score. Implementation of the LTI occurred on January 1, 2015, with a retrospective chart review of patients seen in clinic the prior year serving as baseline measures for comparison.

Results:

The year before implementing the LTI, numerous opportunities failed to identify preventable harm in our adolescent/young adult lung transplant population. The LTI resulted in a sustained reduction of these missed opportunities without negatively influencing patient/family satisfaction with lengthening of the clinic visit.

Conclusions:

A single-center QI initiative identified preventable harms in an adolescent/young adult lung transplant population and reduced the number of preventable harm elements not performed. Future work is needed to determine if this type of QI initiative is associated with less healthcare utilization.
Novel synaptic plasticity enhancer drug to augment functional recovery with rehabilitation
Authors: Takahashi Takuya
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review

Stroke is a devastating illness which severely attenuates quality of life because of paralysis. Despite recent advances in therapies during acute phase such as thrombolytic therapy, clinical option to intervene the process of rehabilitation is limited. No pharmacological intervention that could enhance the effect of rehabilitation has not been established. Recent articles, which are summarized in the review article, reported novel small compound which accelerates training-dependent motor function recovery after brain damage.

Recent findings

A novel small compound, edonerpic maleate, binds to collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and enhance synaptic plasticity leading to the acceleration of rehabilitative training-dependent functional recovery after brain damage in rodent and nonhuman primate. The clinical trial to test this effect in human is now ongoing. Future preclinical and clinical studies will delineate the potentials of this compound.

A novel CRMP2-binding small compound, edonerpic maleate, accelerates motor function recovery after brain damage in rodent and nonhuman primate.
Prenatal exposure to the probiotic Lactococcus lactis decreases anxiety-like behavior and modulates cortical cytoarchitecture in a sex specific manner
Authors: Surzenko Natalia , Pjetri Eneda , Munson Carolyn A. , Friday Walter B. , Hauser Jonas , Mitchell Ellen S.
Published: September 2019

Development of the cerebral cortex may be influenced by the composition of the maternal gut microbiota. To test this possibility, we administered probiotic Lactococcus lactis in the drinking water to mouse dams from day 10.5 of gestation and until pups reached postnatal day 1 (P1). Pups were assessed in a battery of behavioral tests starting at 10 weeks old. We found that females, but not males, exposed to probiotic during prenatal development spent more time in the center of the open field and also displayed decreased freezing time in cue associated learning, compared to controls. Furthermore, we found that probiotic exposure changes the densities of cortical neurons and increases the density of blood vessels in the cortical plate of P1 pups. Sex-specific differences were observed in the numbers of mitotic neural progenitor cells, which were increased in probiotic exposed female pups. In addition, we found that probiotics treatment throughout pregnancy significantly increased plasma oxytocin levels in mouse dams, but not in the offspring. These results suggest that exposure of naïve, unstressed dams to probiotic may exert sex-specific long-term effects on cortical development and anxiety related behavior in the offspring.
The flavin mononucleotide cofactor in α-hydroxyacid oxidases exerts its electrophilic/nucleophilic duality in control of the substrate-oxidation level
Authors: Lyu Syue-Yi , Lin Kuan-Hung , Yeh Hsien-Wei , Li Yi-Shan , Huang Chun-Man , Wang Yung-Lin , Shih Hao-Wei , Hsu Ning-Shian , Wu Chang-Jer , Li Tsung-Lin
Published: September 2019

The Y128F single mutant ofp-hydroxymandelate oxidase (Hmo) is capable of oxidizing mandelate to benzoate via a four-electron oxidative decarboxylation reaction. When benzoylformate (the product of the first two-electron oxidation) and hydrogen peroxide (an oxidant) were used as substrates the reaction did not proceed, suggesting that free hydrogen peroxide is not the committed oxidant in the second two-electron oxidation. How the flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent four-electron oxidation reaction takes place remains elusive. Structural and biochemical explorations have shed new light on this issue. 15 high-resolution crystal structures of Hmo and its mutants liganded with or without a substrate reveal that oxidized FMN (FMNox) possesses a previously unknown electrophilic/nucleophilic duality. In the Y128F mutant the active-site perturbation ensemble facilitates the polarization of FMNoxto a nucleophilic ylide, which is in a position to act on an α-ketoacid, forming an N5-acyl-FMNreddead-end adduct. In four-electron oxidation, an intramolecular disproportionation reaction via an N5-alkanol-FMNredC′α carbanion intermediate may account for the ThDP/PLP/NADPH-independent oxidative decarboxylation reaction. A synthetic 5-deaza-FMNoxcofactor in combination with an α-hydroxyamide or α-ketoamide biochemically and structurally supports the proposed mechanism.
Wine consumers’ willingness to adopt environmentally friendly packaging practices at tasting rooms
Authors: Kelley Kathleen , Bruwer Johan , Zelinskie Jennifer , Gardner Denise , Govindasamy Ramu , Hyde Jeffrey , Rickard Bradley
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ wine preferences, recycling attitudes and behaviors and socio-demographic data in an effort to build market segment profiles of those willing to transport wine bottles back to winery tasting rooms to be recycled, interest in standard-weight glass-alternative packaging and, various cork-alternative bottle closures.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-stage online survey was administered to 714 wine consumers residing in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA during two periods in March 2016. Exhaustive chi-square automatic interaction detector (ECHAID) decision tree predictive analysis was used to identify the market segments.

Findings

A majority of survey participants were willing to bring empty wine bottles to a winery for recycling (85 percent). Collectively, 77 percent of participants were members of just three of the eight segments developed using a decision tree predictive algorithm, with 90 percent of participants in these segments willing to bring empty wine bottles to a winery tasting room to be recycled. Two segments were comprised of Millennials and Generation X, and the third of Baby Boomers, two having a moderate to extreme interest in natural cork used to seal wine bottles, and similar.

Originality/value

An ECHAID classification tree method was used to develop eight consumer segments. Identifying characteristics that describe consumers likely to return empty wine bottles to a winery benefits recycling efforts and could possibly encourage additional sales.
Internal communication and information integrity
Authors: John Alison
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Internal communication and information integrity – a professional services approach to the impact of “fake news”. This paper aims to explain how to build internal communication so that staff can recognise real from fake and the impact that “fake news” can have on organisations through global media.

Design/methodology/approach

The author offers a personal perspective of the potential impact of “fake news” on an organisation, and of how internal communication can be built on trust and transparency.

Findings

Most effective internal communications are built on the authenticity of the brand. Staff can recognise internal “fake news” and become more adept at recognising other forms of fake news from a global media perspective.

Originality/value

This is a personal response to the subject of fake news and information integrity. The paper illustrates an internal communications perspective within a small academic organisation.
Analysis on design parameters of seismic performance based on damage for recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube column
Authors: Zhang Xianggang , Deng Dapeng , Yang Jianhui
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish the horizontal displacement angle limit values under different performance level, use damage as the quantitative index of performance level and determine the design principle of the RACFST column for performance-based seismic fortification target based on the damage.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on the seismic performance test of the RACFST column.

Findings

First, three-level seismic are introduced into the performance design foundation of the RACFST column. Second, the performance level of the RACFST column is divided into five grades: normal use, temporary use, use after repair, life safety and prevention of collapse. Third, the seismic performance targets of RACFST columns are divided into four categories: unacceptable situation, basic performance target, important performance target and special performance target.

Originality/value

The initial damage of the recycled aggregate occurs in the process of crushing and screening, and the damage evolution and development of the RACFST column occur under cyclic load. This is one of the problems that should not be avoided in the design of the seismic performance of the RACFST column. New levels are introduced in the performance design foundation of the RACFST column.
Numerical investigation of fracture in double-edge notched FGM plates under tension load
Authors: Bouchikhi Aboubakar Seddik
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a numerical investigation used to calculate the J-integral of the main crack behavior emanating from a semicircular notch and double semicircular notch and its interaction with another crack which may occur in various positions in (TiB/Ti) functionally graded material (FGM) plate subjected to tensile mechanical load.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose the variations of the material properties are applied at the integration points and at the nodes by implementing a subroutine USDFLD in the ABAQUS software. The variation of the J-integral according to the position, the length and the angle of rotation of cracks is demonstrated. The variation of the J-integral according to the position, the length and the angle of rotation of cracks is examined; also the effect of different parameters for double notch FGM plate is investigated as well as the effect of band of FGM within the ceramic plate to reduce J-integral.

Findings

According to the numerical analysis, all parameters above played an important role in determining the J-integral.

Originality/value

The present study consists in investigating the simulation used to calculate the J-integral of the main crack behavior emanating from a semicircular notch and double semicircular notch and its interaction with another crack which may occur in various positions in (TiB/Ti) FGM plate under Mode I. The J-integral is determined for various load applied. The cracked plate is joined by bonding an FGM layer to TiB plate on its double side. The determination of the gain on J-integral by using FGM layer is highlighted. The calculation of J-integral of FGM’s involves the direction of the radius of the notch in order to reduce the J-integral.
Does integrated reporting enhance the value relevance of organizational capital? Evidence from the South African context
Authors: Tlili Maroua , Ben Othman Hakim , Hussainey Khaled
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Despite the growing literature on integrated reporting (IR) adoption and the emphasis on integrated thinking capitals, prior research works only focused on the financial and non-financial reporting rather than the cornerstones of IR. In order to fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the value relevance of organizational capital (OC) after the mandatory adoption of IR in South Africa over the period 2006–2015.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors have used quantitative methods to test the hypotheses. The South African context is unique since the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the first to mandate listed firms to adopt IR following King III report in March 2010.

Findings

The findings provide the first evidence, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, on the positive and significant impact of IR adoption on the value relevance of OC.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to IR literature by providing new insight on the value relevance of one capital from a new perspective addressing the importance of resources as inputs to the business model highlighted by integrated thinking in the IR framework. The findings derive various implications for the International Integrated Reporting Council, managers, decision makers and the research community.
An enhanced algorithm for calculating the degree of greyness of interval grey numbers and its application
Authors: Geng Shuaishuai , Feng Yu , Dang Yaoguo , Wang Junjie , Rasheed Rizwan
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to propose an enhanced algorithm and used to decision-making that specifically focuses on the choice of a domain in the calculation of degree of greyness according to the principle of grey numbers operation. The domain means the emerging background of interval grey numbers, it is vital for the operational mechanism of such interval grey numbers. However, the criteria of selection of domain always remain same that is not only for the calculated grey numbers but also for the resultant grey numbers, which can be assumed as unrealistic up to a certain extent.

Design/methodology/approach

The existence of interval grey number operation based on kernel and the degree of greyness containing two calculation aspects, which are kernel and the degree of greyness. For the degree of greyness, it includes concepts of domain and calculation of the domain. The concepts of a domain are defined. The enhanced algorithm is also comprised of four deductive theorems and eight rules that are linked to the properties of the enhanced algorithm of the interval grey numbers based on the kernel and the degree of greyness.

Findings

Aiming to improve the algorithm of the degree of greyness for interval grey numbers, based on the variation of domain in the operation process, the degree of greyness of the operation result is defined in this paper, and the specific expressions for algebraic operations are given, which is relevant to the kernel, the degree of greyness and the domain. Then, these expressions are used to the algorithm of interval grey numbers based on the kernel and the degree of greyness, improving the accuracy of the operation results.

Originality/value

The enhanced algorithm in this paper can effectively reduce the loss of information in the operation process, so as to avoid the situation where the decision values are the same and scientific decisions cannot be made during the grey evaluation and decision-making process.
Partners or opponents
Authors: Nuijten Arno , Keil Mark , Sarens Gerrit , van Twist Mark
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Information system projects often go awry and when they do internal auditors are often in a position to bring the problems to management’s attention. However, managers are not always receptive to risk warnings, even when internal auditors who are role prescribed to carry out this function deliver such warnings. This phenomenon is known as the deaf effect. This paper aims to examine the actions that internal auditors take to resolve the deaf effect and how these actions affect the auditor–manager relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a multiple case study approach, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with auditors and examined ten cases of the deaf effect from the auditor’s perspective.

Findings

The findings revealed three categories of actions that auditors took in response to the deaf effect and how these actions immediately affected the auditor–manager relationship. Further, by analyzing the subsequent sequence of actions taken by the auditor in each case, the authors identified three distinct patterns that capture the dynamics of the auditor–manager relationship over time until the deaf effect was, ultimately, resolved.

Originality/value

Several practitioner studies have shown that internal auditors and managers struggle to build effective relationships, even under the most favorable circumstances and the authors suggest that deaf effect situations are likely to pose an even greater challenge to the auditor–manager relationship. The study contributes to the discourse on internal audit effectiveness in several ways. First, the authors identified three categories of actions that internal auditors took in response to the deaf effect. The authors found that two of these categories of action are related to the two distinct roles that internal auditors can play (inspector or consultant). Second, the authors examined how these categories of actions played out over time, influencing the auditor–manager relationship dynamics.
Sampling strategy optimization to increase statistical power in landscape genomics: A simulation‐based approach
Authors: Selmoni Oliver , Vajana Elia , Guillaume Annie , Rochat Estelle , Joost Stéphane
Published: September 2019

An increasing number of studies are using landscape genomics to investigate local adaptation in wild and domestic populations. Implementation of this approach requires the sampling phase to consider the complexity of environmental settings and the burden of logistical constraints. These important aspects are often underestimated in the literature dedicated to sampling strategies. In this study, we computed simulated genomic data sets to run against actual environmental data in order to trial landscape genomics experiments under distinct sampling strategies. These strategies differed by design approach (to enhance environmental and/or geographical representativeness at study sites), number of sampling locations and sample sizes. We then evaluated how these elements affected statistical performances (power and false discoveries) under two antithetical demographic scenarios. Our results highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate sample size, which should be modified based on the demographic characteristics of the studied population. For species with limited dispersal, sample sizes above 200 units are generally sufficient to detect most adaptive signals, while in random mating populations this threshold should be increased to 400 units. Furthermore, we describe a design approach that maximizes both environmental and geographical representativeness of sampling sites and show how it systematically outperforms random or regular sampling schemes. Finally, we show that although having more sampling locations (between 40 and 50 sites) increase statistical power and reduce false discovery rate, similar results can be achieved with a moderate number of sites (20 sites). Overall, this study provides valuable guidelines for optimizing sampling strategies for landscape genomics experiments.
Tales from an apostate
Authors: Dotson Kristie
Published: September 2019

Here I outline an often under‐appreciated position within Anglo‐analytic epistemology, that of the apostate to operative metaphilosophical constraints. To help identify and promote awareness of metaphilosophical apostacy, here, I describe the form of metaphilosophical apostacy that I practice in Anglo‐analytic epistemology (AAE). My apostasy with respect to AAE begins with significant, metaphilosophical divergences or deep senses of incongruence. A metaphilosophical divergence, on my account, refers to conflict at the level of inquiry‐shaping assumptions, constraints, aims, and/or commitments. In this paper, I claim that one way metaphilosophical apostasy emerges in Anglo‐analytic epistemology is when inquiry‐shaping divergences lead to conceptual indifference. Conceptual indifference, on my account, refers to disinterest that can follow from divergent metaphilosophical and/or aspirational aims and goals for one's favored investigations. To be clear, this is a paper for the growing population of epistemologists who find operative metaphilosophical constraints in AAE ill‐fitting.
To err is human: Forgiveness across childhood and adolescence
Authors: Wainryb Cecilia , Recchia Holly , Faulconbridge Olivia , Pasupathi Monisha
Published: September 2019

This study examined children's and adolescents' narrative accounts and evaluations of an instance when they forgave a peer and an instance when they did not forgive, as well as their definitions of what it means to forgive. The sample included 100 participants in three age groups (7‐, 11‐, and 16‐year olds). Regardless of age, forgiveness and non‐forgiveness accounts differed in interpersonal features, such as how they responded when hurt and whether the peer apologized. The psychological features of the experiences involving their own thoughts and feelings also distinguished between events that were forgiven and those that were not, but did so for 16‐year olds and, sometimes, for 11‐year olds, but never for 7‐year olds. The distinct ways in which younger and older children narrated their experiences also were reflected in their evolving definitions of what it means to forgive, though children's definitions revealed aspects of their thinking not captured in their narratives. Finally, children at all ages judged forgiving favorably but, with age, their evaluations of not forgiving became less negative. These findings challenge the narrow conceptual and methodological lenses through which forgiveness had been examined, and underscore meaningful age differences in the ways children make sense of and evaluate forgiveness and non‐forgiveness.
Measuring Technical Efficiency and Returns to Scale in Indian Agriculture Using Panel Data: A Case Study of West Bengal
Authors: Mithiya Debasis , Bandyopadhyay Simanti , Mandal Kumarjit
Published: September 2019

The study investigates farm level technical efficiency (TE) and its determinants in the state of West Bengal in India. A stochastic production frontier model has been applied for determining technical efficiency by using panel data on 17 agricultural production units over a period of 23 years. Maximum-likelihood estimates of the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function in a time-variant truncated normal distribution is appropriate for the measurement of technical efficiency of West Bengal agriculture in India. The estimated variance ratio indicates that 48.90 percent of the differences between the observed and the estimated output is caused by differences in farms’ technical inefficiencies. However, the remaining variation is due to factors beyond farmers’ control. The study shows that the agricultural farms in West Bengal exhibit increasing returns to scale in production. The study finds that farmers’ education and agricultural extension are important determinants of technical efficiency. Other prominent determinants that have a significant contribution are farm size, crop diversification, number of available agricultural markets, the proportion of small landholders and input intensity. All these determinants, excluding the proportion of small landholders, have a largely positive impact on technical efficiency. The maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) and principal component analysis (PCA) are applied to determine the effects of determinants on TE. Both methods give similar results.
Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Li Yanping , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Willett Walter C , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N , Tobias Deirdre K
Published: September 2019

Background

Nut consumption has increased in the US but little evidence exists on the association between changes in nut consumption and weight change. We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in total consumption of nuts and intakes of different nuts (including peanuts) and long-term weight change, in three independent cohort studies.

Methods and findings

Data collected in three prospective, longitudinal cohorts among health professionals in the US were analysed. We included 27 521 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986 to 2010), 61 680 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1986 to 2010), and 55 684 younger women (Nurses’ Health Study II, 1991 to 2011) who were free of chronic disease at baseline in the analyses. We investigated the association between changes in nut consumption over 4-year intervals and concurrent weight change over 20–24 years of follow-up using multivariate linear models with an unstructured correlation matrix to account for within-individual repeated measures. 21 322 individuals attained a body mass index classification of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at the end of follow-up.

Average weight gain across the three cohorts was 0.32 kg each year. Increases in nut consumption, per 0.5 servings/day (14 g), was significantly associated with less weight gain per 4-year interval (p<0.01 for all): −0.19 kg (95% CI -0.21 to -0.17) for total consumption of nuts, -0.37 kg (95% CI -0.45 to -0.30) for walnuts, -0.36 kg (95% CI -0.40 to -0.31) for other tree nuts, and -0.15 kg (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11) for peanuts.

Increasing intakes of nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts by 0.5 servings/day was associated with a lower risk of obesity. The multivariable adjusted RR for total nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p=0.0036), 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89, p=0.0002), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.91, p<0.0001), respectively. Increasing nut consumption was also associated with a lower risk of gaining ≥2 kg or ≥5 kg (RR 0.89–0.98, p<0.01 for all).

In substitution analyses, substituting 0.5 servings/day of nuts for red meat, processed meat, French fries, desserts, or potato, chips (crisps) was associated with less weight gain (p<0.05 for all).

Our cohorts were largely composed of Caucasian health professionals with relatively higher socioeconomic status; thus the results may not be generalisable to other populations.

Conclusion

Increasing daily consumption of nuts is associated with less long-term weight gain and a lower risk of obesity in adults. Replacing 0.5 servings/day of less healthful foods with nuts may be a simple strategy to help prevent gradual long-term weight gain and obesity.
Protein design by provable algorithms
Authors: Hallen Mark A. , Donald Bruce R.
Published: September 2019

Protein design algorithms can leverage provable guarantees of accuracy to provide new insights and unique optimized molecules.
Screening of a highly inhibitor-tolerant bacterial strain for 2,3-BDO and organic acid production from non-detoxified corncob acid hydrolysate
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhou Yu-Jie , Zhang Wen , Cheng Ke-Ke , Liu Hong-Juan , Zhang Jian-An
Published: September 2019

Fermentation of chemicals from lignocellulose hydrolysate is an effective way to alleviate environmental and energy problems. However, fermentation inhibitors in hydrolysate and weak inhibitor tolerance of microorganisms limit its development. In this study, atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutation technology was utilized to generate mutant strains of Enterobacter cloacae and screen for mutants with high inhibitor tolerance to acid hydrolysate of corncobs. A highly inhibitor-tolerant strain, Enterobacter cloacae M22, was obtained after fermentation with non-detoxified hydrolysate, and this strain produced 24.32 g/L 2,3-butanediol and 14.93 g/L organic acids. Compared with that of the wild-type strain, inhibitor tolerance was enhanced twofold with M22, resulting in improvement of 2,3-butanediol and organic acid production by 114% and 90%, respectively. This work presents an efficient method to screen for highly inhibitor-tolerant strains and evidence of a novel strain that can produce 2,3-butanediol and organic acids using non-detoxified acid hydrolysate of corncobs.
Land evaluation for crop production in Upper Kabete Campus field, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mwendwa Samuel M. , Mbuvi Joseph P. , Kironchi Geoffrey
Published: September 2019

Background

The study area exhibits a first class catena; variation in soils is a result of differences in drainage and lateral movement of materials. The site was delineated into Soil Mapping Units (SMUs) through augering, into soils differing in macro relief. Slope categories included 0 to 5%, 5 to 8%, 8 to 16%, 16 to 30% and > 30%. Profile pits were opened in the five mapping units using stratified random sampling technique. Identified SMUs include UmIr/F, UmIr/E, UxIr/D, UxIr/C and UxIr/AB in order of decreasing slope gradient. Land suitability classification was based on the top horizons and the FAO 1976 criterion for land evaluation was used. The study aimed at identifying the most suitable areas for envisaging production of common crops grown in the area and limitations to production increase. A table of relevant land qualities and their diagnostic factors was constructed, rated and matched with suitability class-defining criteria to determine current suitability. Potential suitability was determined by considering the possibility of resolving the current limitations.

Results

Mapping unit UmIr/F and UmIr/E qualified as class S2 for the selected crops majorly due to limitations of workability and susceptibility to erosion based on their slope gradient. Nutrient availability and possibility of use of implements also rated as S2. Unit UxIr/D qualified in S2 category due to the same limitations. Mapping unit UxIr/C and UxIr/AB qualified in the S2 category due to limitations of nutrient availability. After improvements, all the mapping units qualified in class S1.

Conclusions

These observations indicate that workability and erosion susceptibility due to steep topography coupled with lack of enough nutrients are the greatest production limitations in the study area. Increasing slope gradient also led to decreasing possibility of use of farm implements. Terracing can reduce the deleterious influence of slope on soil quality, shifting suitability to a higher class, should the steep area be used for cultivation. There is a need for sufficient inputs and cover cropping to maintain high soil quality. Land evaluation should be part of good agricultural practices in any production system.
Operationalization of Next-Generation Sequencing and Decision Support for Precision Oncology
Authors: Zeng Jia , Johnson Amber , Shufean Md Abu , Kahle Michael , Yang Dong , Woodman Scott E. , Vu Thuy , Moorthy Shhyam , Holla Vijaykumar , Meric-Bernstam Funda
Published: September 2019

Genomic testing has become a part of routine oncology care and plays critical roles in diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment selection. Thus, in parallel, the variety of genomic testing providers and sequencing platforms has grown exponentially. Selection of the best-fit panel for each case can be daunting, with many factors to consider. Among them is whether alteration interpretation and therapy/clinical trial matching are included and/or sufficient. In this article, we review some common commercially available sequencing platforms for the genes and types of alterations tested, samples needed, and reporting content provided. We review publicly available resources for a do-it-yourself approach to alteration interpretation when it is not provided or when supplemental research is needed, along with resources to identify genomically matched treatment options that are approved and/or investigational. However, with both commercially provided interpretation and publicly available resources, there are still caveats and limitations that can stem from insufficient or ambiguous nomenclature as well as from the presentation of information. Use cases in which clinical decision making was affected are discussed. After treatment options are identified, it is important to assess the level of evidence for use within the patient’s tumor type and molecular profile. However, numerous level-of-evidence scales have been published in recent years, so we provide a publicly available tool to facilitate interoperability. The level of evidence, along with other factors, such as allelic frequency and copy number, can be used to prioritize treatment options when multiple are identified.
O Lado B da filosofia antiga
Authors: Brito Rodrigo Pinto de , Rocha Carol Martins da
Published: September 2019

Editorial
Pythagoras Traveling East
Authors: Afonasin Eugene , Afonasina Anna
Published: September 2019

Our purpose on the present occasion is to evaluate some ideas the biographers of late antiquity held about the origins of European thought. Speaking about this period we are no longer dealing with the question of transferring of the archaic practices: these practices are indeed long dead. What we encounter can be better defined as the import of ideas. Equally important is a study of the changing attitudes of our authors: rather than passive witnesses, they became active participants of this import. The process is truly fascinating and we hope that the following examples, mostly from Hippolytus, will elucidate this. The best, almost a paradigmatic example is Pythagoras, who in late antiquity had many faces. His biography is an interesting instance of general change of attitude to ancient wisdom, typical for the source utilized by Hippolytus. Looking at a number of peculiar features of Hippolytus’ report which, we hope, will help us to see why the image of Pythagoras and his philosophy, formed by Hippolytus, is somewhat untypical for the period. We will see that Hippolytus’ biographic report, however garbled, shows no signs of so-called ‘Neopythagorean’ biographic development. Admittedly, the later authors frequently combine their sources to make them suitable to their needs, polemical or apologetic. Do we still have a reason to believe that these stories, however doubtful from the historical point of view, may contain the germs of truth?
Modeling and evaluation of the filling process of vacuum-assisted compression resin transfer molding
Authors: Chang Chih-Yuan
Published: September 2019

In the present study, a modified vacuum-assisted compression resin transfer molding (VACRTM) process has been developed to reduce the cycling period. The process uses an elastic bag placed between the upper mold and the preform to replace the mobile rigid mold in compression resin transfer molding. During resin injection, the bag is pulled upward by the vacuum applied in between the upper mold and the bag, and a loose fiber stack is then present. Resin is easily injected into the mold. Once enough volume of resin is injected, the compression pressure is applied on the bag, which compacts the preform and drives the resin through the remaining dry preform. Numerical results show that the bag compression phase is much longer than the resin injection one. A multistage compression strategy can be used to control the compression time. Due to inherent process defects, a higher volume of the injected liquid is essential and thus leads to a longer injection and compression phase in order to inject and squeeze the excess resin. The late compression is very slow in draining the residual resin. As compared with resin transfer molding, VACRTM can reduce the mold-filling time/injection pressure.
Theoretischer Beitrag zur Arbeit von R. Hilsch über das "Wirbelrohr"
Authors: Burkhardt Gerd
Published: September 2019

Es wird gezeigt, daß sich die Vorgänge in einem Wirbelrohr nach R. Hilsch unter geeigneten Vereinfachungen rechnerisch befriedigend genau erfassen lassen. Dies gelingt durch Einführung eines "Trennfaktors" α, der die Trennung des Gases durch den quantitativ wohl kaum erfaßbaren Strömungsmechanismus bei der Entspannung der rotierenden Gasmasse beschreiben soll. Seine Größe und Veränderlichkeit bei Variation der Versuchsbedingungen werden durch eine plausible Näherungsbetrachtung erhalten. Auf diese Weise werden die Temperaturänderung des ausströmenden Gases, die erzielbaren Kälte-bzw. Wärmemengen und der Nutzeffekt berechnet und der Einfluß der verschiedenen Konstruktionsdaten auf diese Werte diskutiert.
Zur Relaxation und Assoziation von polaren Kettenmolekülen in der reinen Flüssigkeit
Authors: Klages G. , Kremmling G.
Published: September 2019

Absorptions-und Dispersionsmessungen im Gebiet von 10 bis 300 m an langkettigen aliphatischen Chloriden und Alkoholen in der reinen Flüssigkeit werden nach der Debye-Rammschen Theorie der Rotationsbehinderung und der Onsagerschen Theorie diskutiert und mit Messungen in der verdünnten Lösung verglichen. Die nichtassoziierenden Chloride zeigen eine größere Dipolbeweglichkeit in der reinen Flüssigkeit, die auf eine besondere Flüssigkeitsstruktur (Parallellagerung der Ketten) zurückgeführt wird. Bei den Alkoholen sinkt die Beweglichkeit durch Assoziation, die mit zunehmender Kettenlänge monoton abnimmt. Die exakte Ermittlung des Assoziationsgrades macht noch Schwierigkeiten, da bei den langkettigen Alkoholen noch eine Dipolbeweglichkeit innerhalb der Komplexe vorhanden ist, was aus dem angedeuteten Auftreten von mehreren Relaxationszeiten und Dipolabsorption im glasigen und kristallinen Zustand geschlossen wird.
Zur Quantisierung des Dirac-Feldes
Authors: Franz Walter
Published: September 2019

Es wird eine Methode der Feldquantisierung entwickelt, welche dem Grundsatz Rechnung trägt, daß der Zustandsvektor Ausdruck der Kenntnis eines Beobachters von dem beobachteten System ist. Dies schließt eine Beschreibung des Feldes auf einer raumartigen Fläche aus, nötigt vielmehr zu einer Beschreibung im Inneren des vergangenen Lichtkegels des Beobachters. Dadurch wird der Beobachter dynamisch in das System mit einbezogen. Dies läßt sich in widerspruchsfreier Weise unter Wahrung der physikalischen Erhaltungssätze durchführen, wenn man das beobachtete DIRAC-Feld vom Standpunkt eines einzelnen DIRAC-Teilchens aus beschreibt, dessen Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit durch ein klassisches DIRAC-Feld bestimmt wird. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Beobachter und Feld liefert gleichzeitig auch Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Feldes selbst. Die Randbedingungen, welche sich aus dem Variationsproblem ergeben, lassen nur das „expanding universe“ als Rahmen der Welt-Beschreibung zu; die Theorie wird dadurch zunächst kosmologisch, erlaubt jedoch die Abseparierung eines Mikro-Systems.
Vibrational Spectra and Force Constants of Symmetric Tops, XLVII. Rovibrational Spectra of Three Monoisotopic H3GeCl Species in the υ6 Region
Authors: Bürger H. , Schulz P. , Cradock S.
Published: September 2019

Fourier transform spectra of the monoisotopic species H3
70Ge35Cl and H3
74Ge37Cl have been recorded in the υ6 region near 600 cm-1 with a resolution of 0.04 cm-1. Rotational analyses based on ∼ 700 data for each isotopomer have been performed, and the excited state parameters υ6
0, A6, B6, Aζ6, η6J, η6K, D6k and F6 have been determined. The previously reported analysis of υ6 data of H3
74Ge35Cl has been repeated employing improved ground state constants, and a r.m.s. deviation of ~ 4 x 10-3 cm-1 has been achieved for the three different isotopic combinations, which show fully consistent excited state parameters.
Los intereses protegidos por medio de las accions colectivas
Authors: Sande Mayo María Jesús
Published: September 2019

Una de las grandes dificultades que presenta el estudio de las acciones colectivas reside en la confusión existente en el plano terminológico. Y es que las dos especies de intereses protegidas por medio de este instrumento procesal no han sido delimitadas con claridad ni por la doctrina ni tampoco por la jurisprudencia. A su vez, la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil utiliza la expresión “intereses colectivos y difusos” para referirse tanto a los intereses supraindividuales como a los intereses individuales homogéneos, lo cual resulta inadecuado y aduce todavía mayor confusión. A la vista de las dificultades que genera en la práctica la ausencia de claridad a este respecto, nuestro propósito en las líneas que siguen es el de arrojar luz, en la medida de lo posible, en torno a la delimitación de los intereses que por medio de las acciones colectivas se protegen.
Los protocolos de prevención y actuación frente al acoso por razón de género en las universidades pertenecientes a la comunidad autónoma de Galicia
Authors: Villalba Sánchez Alicia
Published: September 2019

Entre los riesgos que amenazan la integridad física y psíquica del personal integrante de cualquier organización destacan, por su frecuencia y la gravedad de sus consecuencias, aquéllos de índole psicosocial. El ámbito universitario no es ajeno a tales riesgos, razón por la cual se ha dotado de instrumentos jurídicos que permiten articular una estrategia que garantice el desarrollo de la actividad docente e investigadora en un entorno adecuado. El protocolo destinado a la prevención y actuación frente al acoso se erige en la herramienta fundamental cuya evolución se abordará este trabajo, tomando como referencia los aprobados por las tres universidades pertenecientes al ámbito territorial de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia.
Formación de maestría en contabilidad en Colombia: una comparación entre las expectativas de los aspirantes y los contenidos curriculares de los programas
Authors: Navarro Pérez Paula Andrea , Pulgarín García Laura Natalia , Sandoval Alarcón Julián David
Published: September 2019

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo entre las expectativas que tienen los estudiantes de contaduría pública, como potenciales aspirantes de la oferta educativa de los programas de maestría en contabilidad en Colombia, frente a lo que estos ofrecen, con el fin de medir las distancias euclidianas y determinar la brecha existente entre ambas dimensiones. Se evalúan dichas percepciones por medio de la aplicación de encuestas a estudiantes de pregrado de contaduría pública y se añade información de la oferta académica por medio de la recolección de los datos procedente de los planes de estudio y los perfiles de egresados. Como resultado se observó que las expectativas de los estudiantes de pregrado en contaduría acerca de las maestrías en contabilidad distan significativamente de lo ofrecido por las instituciones de educación en estos programas. Estas diferencias pueden ser explicadas por diversos factores como el desconocimiento de los estudiantes de pregrado acerca de las ofertas de posgrado o de las instituciones de educación acerca de las expectativas de los futuros profesionales, entre otros.
Some Aspects of the Interpretation of Corpus Delicti of Trading in Influence in the Context of the Principle Nullum Crimen Sine Lege
Authors: Mickevičiūtė Laura
Published: September 2019

Taking into consideration the amendments of Article 226 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, the temporal rules of the criminal law, and the content of the principle nullum crimen sine lege (no crime without law), this article assesses the Lithuanian Supreme Court case-law, according to which the provision of the alleged influence feature in Article 226(2) of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania has only been explained but not given a new feature of the corpus delicti of passive trading influence.