bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A framework for lean implementation in preoperative assessment: Evidence from a high complexity hospital in Italy
Authors: Goretti Giulia , Pisarra Martina , Capogreco Maria Rosaria , Meroni Patrizia
Published: August 2023

Purpose: A routine preoperative assessment is considered both ineffective and inefficient. Despite the widespread application of lean thinking in healthcare, there is little evidence of successful experiences in preoperative admissions in order to reduce “No value added” activities. A conceptual framework reporting the drivers (clinic, tools, innovation, organization, and governance) and impacts (patient, efficiency, sustainability, time, learning and growth) was developed. Methodology: Drawing on the experience of an Italian high complexity hospital, this paper analyzes the case study by reporting evidence on how to implement lean in preoperative assessment and how to evaluate the positive results obtained. Results: Applying lean principles, the identification of value improved the appropriateness of care by creating 40 personalized pathways; the value stream resulted in a reduction of “No Value Added Time” from 37% to 28%, chest X-rays from 41% to 14% and cardiac visits from 49% to 37%; the pursuit of continuous flow through innovation contributed to increase the use of digitalization; the new pull organization helped to reduce the average time spent per year by 1.5 h; the continuous improvement was ensured through the governance of results. Conclusion: The proposed framework should be used to improve the quality of care in preoperative admissions by adopting the lean drivers for successful implementation and reporting the impacts.
D’un entre-soi permissif à un sport inclusif : l’évolution du roller derby en France
Authors: Messey Orlane
Published: August 2023

Résumé

Le roller derby est une discipline sportive américaine, apparue en France en 2009 sous une forme carnavalesque. L’anti-conformisme alors affiché participait à attribuer à ce sport un caractère permissif : tout semblait y être permis. Dix ans plus tard, mon enquête sociologique menée auprès d’équipes s’est confrontée à l’euphémisation des marqueurs subversifs et à l’adoption des codes du milieu sportif fédéral. Afin de comprendre cette normalisation sportive, la mobilisation du concept de « scène » de Erving Goffman m’a permis de dissocier ce qui appartient à l’espace public, le front stage, dans lequel les équipes défendent la valeur sportive du derby, des coulisses, le back stage, où la défense de l’inclusif encourage la préservation de l’ancrage permissif disparu de la scène sportive.
Optimal integration of long- and short-term operational planning decisions to design and manage electronic vehicle charge stations by CQOCRO technique
Authors: Venkata Prasanth B , Mouli Chandra B , Subba Rami Reddy C , Murali Krishna T
Published: August 2023

This article proposes a hybrid method to design and manage the electronic vehicle payment station network in the event of power demand uncertainty. The proposed method is an integrated process with confusing virtual-anticipation and chemical reaction enhancement, hence named as chaotic quasi-oppositional chemical reaction optimization (CQOCRO) method. The key objective of the CQOCRO method is to develop a reliable model to assist in the design and management of an EVCS location, power supply line hazard and power demand entropy. The CQOCRO method creates a random nonlinear model of disruption that includes equivalent tactical outcomes and operational outcomes for designing and managing a stable EVCS network in the event of power demand uncertainty. Because of the extreme electricity flow, the power line is overheated which is handled by the proposed method. The proposed method addresses the possibility that excessive current flow-related line overheating could result in power line failure. The design of EVCS is based on the factors like type of power supply network, location and opening hours of charging stations, limited resources, potential for power supply line failure due to high load, and uncertainty of power demand. Accordingly, the performance of the CQOCRO method is done in MATLAB platform and the performance utilizes the existing techniques.
Expression patterns of T cells-specific long noncoding RNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus patients carrying HLA risk/nonrisk alleles
Authors: Tahamoli-Roudsari Ahmad , Rahmani Fatemeh , Afshar Saeid , Hajilooi Mehrdad , Solgi Ghasem
Published: August 2023

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play key roles in the regulation of gene expression and subsequently in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to explore the peripheral expression levels of T-cells-specific LncRNAs and transcription factors in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients carrying either human leukocyte antigens (HLA) risk or non-risk alleles.

Methods

Genotypes of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci for 106 SLE patients were determined by PCR-SSP. In the next step, patients were stratified based on the presence of HLA-DRB1*03 and/or DRB1*16 allele groups (HLA risk alleles positive or HLA-R Pos) or carrying other DRB1 allele groups (HLA-R Neg). Then, transcript levels of LncRNAs ( IFNG-AS1, RMRP, Th2LCR, and DQ786243) and mRNAs for transcription factors ( Foxp3, Gata3, and Tbx21) were measured using qRT-PCR and compared between two subgroups of patients.

Results

Totally, 47 cases were classified as HLA-R Pos and 59 cases as HLA-R Neg patients. The HLA-R Pos patients showed decreased transcript levels of DQ786243 ( p = .001) and elevated expression of IFNG-AS1 ( p = .06) and T-bet mRNA ( p = .03) compared to the HLA-R Neg group. We observed significantly lower expression of Th2LCR ( p < .0001) and DQ786243 ( p = .001) and higher expression of Tbx21 ( p = .009) and Foxp3 ( p = .02) in DR3-positive versus DR3-negative patients. Likewise, decreased transcript levels of DQ786243 ( p = .02) and RMRP ( p = .003) were observed in DR16-positive versus DR16-negative patients. ROC curve analysis revealed the potential of DQ786243 and RMRP as biomarkers in SLE disease based on the carriage of HLA risk alleles.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the contribution of multiple T cell subsets in SLE disease progression as judged by expression analysis of LncRNAs and transcription factors can be inspired by the inheritance of HLA risk/nonrisk alleles is SLE patients.
Following the Money: Understanding Forum Shopping and the ‘Justice Marketplace’ in Sierra Leone
Authors: Koroma Simeon
Published: August 2023

Monetary expenses are said to prohibit poor rural litigants from accessing official justice institutions, which are often concentrated in urban centres, thus pushing these litigants towards customary forums. At the same time, the alternative customary courts have been shown to cost more than formal justice institutions such as official magistrates courts. This article examines the economics informing litigants’ choices of judicial forums to contribute to a new analysis beyond state-centred legal pluralism. It argues that how money features in cases at barrays – the unofficial, unrecognised, customary courts in the capital city of Sierra Leone – not only explains why ordinary people engage with (extra)legal processes, but also demonstrates how justice is understood and (re)produced in practice.
The Changing Role of Marginalised Women in Hindi Cinema: A Shift from Cinematic Negotiations to Empowerment
Authors: Kamble Chandrakant , Biswal Santosh Kumar
Published: August 2023

Men are shown the most dominant humans in societies and film industries, while women are confined to being the best homemakers, kind mothers and sisters. On the one hand, women have always been marginalised; on the other hand, there is no end to the plights of marginalised women. Dalit women, one section of the marginalised, have been suffering in the patriarchal society of India. Their representation in cinema is not free from flaws. The representation of Dalit women has been grossly victimised in the history of Indian cinema. As Dalit filmmakers have entered the film industry, the role of Dalit women on the screen has changed. However, it is slow-paced. Based on Gayatri Spivak’s theory of ‘Can the subaltern speak’, the present study attempts to understand and analyse the representation of the marginalised. By qualitatively analysing the films— Achhut Kanya, Sujata, Ankur, Sadgati, Bandit Queen, Bawandar, Chauranga, 200 Halla Ho, Madam Chief Minister, Geeli Pucchi and Jhund, the research work tries to navigate the timeline study of the changing roles of marginalised women, Dalit women.
Glioma with cribriform plate involvement in 6 dogs
Authors: Reyes Vicente A. A. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Blas-Machado Uriel , Platt Simon R. , Pavarini Saulo P. , Castro Lucas T. , Church Molly E. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: August 2023

Distinct patterns of local infiltration are a common feature of canine oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma, and typically involve the surrounding neuroparenchyma, ventricles, or leptomeninges. Infiltration of adjacent extraneural sites is rare and has not been well documented in veterinary medicine. Here we describe 6 canine gliomas with cribriform plate involvement (compression or infiltration) and caudal nasal invasion confirmed by neuroimaging, autopsy, and/or histology. All affected dogs were adults (9–12-y-old), and 3 were brachycephalic. Clinical signs were associated with the brain tumor, with no respiratory signs reported. Magnetic resonance imaging in 2 patients revealed a rostral intraparenchymal telencephalic mass with extension into the cribriform plate. All dogs were euthanized. Gross changes consisted of poorly demarcated, white or pale-yellow, soft, and, in oligodendrogliomas, gelatinous, intraparenchymal masses that expanded the rostral portions of the telencephalon and adhered firmly to the ethmoid bone and cribriform plate. Gliomas were classified as high-grade oligodendrogliomas (4 cases) and high-grade astrocytomas (2 cases) based on histology and immunohistochemistry for OLIG2 and GFAP. In all cases, there was evidence of cribriform plate invasion and, in one case, additional invasion of the caudal nasal cavity.
Impact on result interpretation of correct and incorrect selection of veterinary glucometer canine and feline settings
Authors: Peña Lydia W. , Flatland Bente , Behrend Ellen N. , Arzón-Pereira Alba , Cole Janeva E. , Raz Maggie L.
Published: August 2023

Veterinary glucometers should be correctly coded for the patient species; however, coding errors occur in clinical settings and the impact of such errors has not been characterized. We compared glucose concentrations in 127 canine and 37 feline samples using both canine and feline settings on a veterinary glucometer (AlphaTrak; Zoetis). All samples were measured first on the canine setting and then measured using the feline setting. Glucose concentration was also measured using a central laboratory biochemical analyzer (Cobas c311; Roche). Three data comparisons for each species were investigated: incorrectly coded glucometer vs. correctly coded glucometer, correctly coded glucometer vs. Cobas c311, and incorrectly coded glucometer vs. Cobas c311. For each comparison, the following analyses were conducted: Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman difference plot analysis, mountain plot analysis, and Deming regression. For clinical context, Clarke error grids were constructed. There was high positive correlation for all comparisons with both species. For all comparisons, mean difference was low (−0.7 to 0.5 mmol/L for canine samples, 1.0–2.0 mmol/L for feline samples). Incorrect glucometer coding resulted in proportional bias for canine samples and positive constant bias for feline samples, and individual differences could be large (−4.44 mmol/L for one dog, 6.16 mmol/L for one cat). Although the glucometer should be used per the manufacturer’s recommendation, coding errors are unlikely to have severe adverse clinical consequences for most patients based on error grid analysis.
Experimental investigation of distributed cross-plates effects on suppressing vortex-induced vibration of a flexible cylinder
Authors: Yang Xiaogang , Yan Zhitao , Zeng Yujie , Gong Liming , Saha Sontu , Sun Yi
Published: August 2023

Distributed plates have been proven effective in controlling the vortex shedding and reducing the drag force of a circular cylinder, but more studies on its effect on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) are needed. This paper presents a systematic study of the effect of distributed cross-plates on the suppression of the VIV of a flexible cylinder using wind tunnel experiments. The experiments are performed by changing the length ( l), width ( w), and number ( N) of the cross-plates, the spacing ( S) between the adjacent cross-plates, and the aspect ratio ( λ) of the flexible cylinder. The flexible cylinder is allowed to vibrate in the transverse direction for a reduced velocity range of 3.0–9.5, corresponding to a Reynolds number of 10,000–49,000. The results show that the optimal configuration of the distributed cross-plates for suppressing VIV is ( l/ D, w/ D, S/ D) = (2.0, 0.5, 4), where D is the cylinder diameter. The maximum amplitude decreases monotonically with increasing length and width, respectively. The optimal spacing is independent of λ of the flexible cylinder. For the optimal configuration, the vibration can be fully suppressed in many cases, and the minimum reduction of the maximum amplitude is 14% depending on N and λ, demonstrating a potential application of the distributed cross-plates.
Putting “Us” in Place: A Contrapuntal “Position” on Research Access in Over-Researched Contexts
Authors: Ward Patricia
Published: August 2023

This article centers the labor aid workers perform to manage researchers in the humanitarian aid sector in Jordan. It examines how workers move and manage researchers’ bodies (including the author’s) as part of their daily job routines. Drawing from sociological and postcolonial scholarship on labor and the body to document the latter highlights multiple “knowledge producers” that shape and contest data collection in this context. The goal in describing this process is twofold. First, this article seeks to elaborate understandings of power relations in data collection processes, particularly in postcolonial settings considered over-researched. Second, it aims to broaden the scope and utility of analytic reflexivity through contrapuntal thinking about researchers’ positions in the research process.
Social Participation After Intimate Partner Violence: Investigating the Impact on Women's Citizenship
Authors: Moulding Nicole , Chung Donna , Zufferey Carole , Franzway Suzanne , Wendt Sarah
Published: August 2023

This large mixed methods study adopted a citizenship lens to examine the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on women's social participation. The study found that social participation in all categories contracted dramatically during IPV and, in most cases, never regained pre-violence levels. The study also found that following initial social withdrawal, many women went on to reengage in new ways, including through political activism on gendered violence, revealing how failures on the part of the state and community to adequately respond to IPV can lead to new forms of participatory citizenship.
Ultrasound-detected tibial artery calcification as a marker of cardiovascular and lower-limb risk in asymptomatic patients with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Salle Laurence , Magne Julien , Kenne Malaha Angeladine , Chastaingt Lucie , Galinat Sophie , Drutel Anne , Lacroix Philippe , Teissier-Clément Marie-Pierre , Aboyans Victor
Published: August 2023

Background:

Medial arterial calcification (MAC) is a vascular disease distinct from atherosclerosis. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that MAC is an important marker of cardiovascular events. We aim to assess the presence of MAC during ultrasound screening of lower-limb vasculature and its association with both cardiovascular (CV) and lower-limb events in patients with type-2 diabetes.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1119 patients with type-2 diabetes free from CV disease. A CV work-up, including vascular ultrasound, was performed for each patient. The presence of MAC was assessed on posterior tibial arteries and ankle–brachial index (ABI) was measured. Major acute CV events (MACEs) and lower-limb events (MALEs) were recorded as a composite endpoint for a 5-year period.

Results:

We identified MAC among 212 (18.9%) patients. The independent determinants of MAC were age and diabetic retinopathy. Over a period of 5 years, 125 MACEs and 22 MALEs occurred. MAC was significantly associated with the composite outcome MACE + MALE (HR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.08, p = 0.005) or with MACE (HR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.95, p = 0.010). Adjusted for ABI and diabetic foot wound, MAC remained a determinant of MALE (HR = 5.49; 95% CI: 2.19, 13.76, p < 0.001). Considering each ABI group, MAC was associated with both MACE and MALE in the normal ABI group.

Conclusions:

Ultrasound-detected MAC on tibial arteries seems to be a determinant of both CV and lower-limb events, independent from ABI. MAC helps to refine the CV risk in patients with normal ABI.
The comparison between architecture students’ peer learning in informal situations within physical and virtual environments during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Jierui
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to evaluate British architecture students’ peer learning experiences in informal situations, that is, outside formal timetables. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study made a comparison between those students’ learning experiences within physical and virtual environments, to find out if there are changes, difficulties and novelties when those students were introduced to unfamiliar learning contexts. Using the theoretical lens of the community of practice, the author conducted interviews and questionnaires to collect students’ learning experiences and stories when they were engaged in those two environments, respectively. It was found that the physical design studio environment and mutual engagements within it are essential to those students’ individual learning. Therefore, even if those students learned within the virtual environment, they still tried their best to simulate a design studio atmosphere to learn as the form of a community. Another obvious issue is that students normally lack peer-to-peer support, such as architectural knowledge, IT skills and mental health, when they are engaged in virtual environments. Comparatively, those supports are easily obtained via peer learning within physical environments, especially design studios. Based on the finding, future work should determine what architectural knowledge, skills, values and attitudes students developed from the community of practice.
Who is at risk of clinical deterioration? Adverse events among trauma patients undergoing intra-hospital transport for emergent computerized tomography
Authors: Li Winny , Beckett Andrew , Ditkofsky Noah , Lebovic Gerald , Pierce Michael , Petrosoniak Andrew
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Computerized tomography is an essential element of the early diagnostic stages of trauma care for hemodynamically stable patients. However, there are inherent challenges and risks associated with the intra-hospital transport of critically injured trauma patients to the radiology suite and during the scanning process itself. We examined the frequency and nature of adverse events during computerized tomography among critically injured patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of adverse event in critically injured adult (>18 years old) trauma patients who underwent emergent computerized tomographic scan following evaluation in the trauma bay over a 22-month period who were either admitted to the intensive care unit or the operating room post computerized tomography. Data was abstracted from the hospital's trauma registry and chart review of electronic medical records. The frequency of adverse events during computerized tomography and the associated patient transport phases was recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of adverse event on 7-day in-hospital mortality.

Results

Of the 526 critically injured trauma patients who underwent computerized tomographic scan during the study period, 17.3% (91/526) experienced one or more adverse event. The most common adverse events were hypotension n = 50 (9.5%), hypertension n = 18 (3.4%), initiation of vasopressors n = 11 (2.1%) and vomiting n = 8 (1.5%). One patient required re-intubation following endotracheal tube dislodgement and one patient required intubation following hypoxia post-sedation for agitation. Patient factors independently associated with adverse event were mechanical ventilation and blood product administration. When adjusted for injury severity score and age, patients who experienced adverse event were at increased odds of death (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–4.36) compared to those who did not experience adverse event.

Conclusion

Adverse events occur frequently in critically injured patients undergoing emergent trauma computerized tomography and may significantly impact clinical outcomes. This study provides important information to guide system and process-level improvements including optimized designs of the built environment and safety-informed protocols for high-risk patients undergoing emergent trauma computerized tomography.
Physical and Mental Health Outcomes of Black Emerging Adults with Community Violence Exposure: An Integrative Review
Authors: Walker Danielle T. , Bills Kaycee L. , Motley Robert O.
Published: August 2023

Community violence exposure (CVE) and its health impact is a public health crisis. Violent crime has steadily increased over recent years and has disproportionately affected Black communities. Emerging adulthood (18–29 years old) is a vulnerable period of development and Black emerging adults may be at increased risk for negative physical and mental health consequences from CVE. This integrative review was conducted to evaluate available evidence on health outcomes in Black emerging adults exposed to CVE. This review appraised published studies (2012–2022) addressing physical and mental health outcomes of Black emerging adults with CVE. Articles were identified using structured search terms in several databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science), a gray literature search, and citation mining. A total of 177 studies were identified for screening and 19 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The majority of studies found a significant positive association between CVE and adverse mental ( n = 12) and physical ( n = 7) health outcomes. CVE appears to have both mental and physical health consequences for Black emerging adults. Given that violent crime disproportionately increased in Black communities and Black people are more likely to develop chronic health conditions at younger ages, more work is needed to elucidate the relationship between CVE and health outcomes.
Art Therapists as Activists in Social Movements
Authors: Potash Jordan S. , Kalmanowitz Debra L.
Published: August 2023

Surveying the role of the arts in social movements offers approaches for ways in which art therapists can be collaborators in peacebuilding. A contemporary review of activist and protest art reveals four sources of inspiration for how art therapists can contribute: intentional symbols and metaphors, solidarity, memorializing, and resilience. When integrated with peacebuilding strategies, art therapists can support social movements by visualizing injustices, representing voices, bringing people together, and imagining solutions. By working in collaboration with peacebuilders, art therapists can apply social justice stances to different strands of peacebuilding.
Mighty Men: A Pilot Test of the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Faith-Based, Individually Tailored, Cluster-Randomized Weight Loss Trial for Middle-Aged and Older African American Men
Authors: Griffith Derek M. , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Jaeger Emily C.
Published: August 2023

Two in five African American men have obesity, but they are underrepresented in community-based weight loss interventions. This pilot effectiveness trial examines the acceptability and feasibility of the first weight loss study for African American men that includes randomization and individual tailoring. Using a community-based, cluster-randomized, longitudinal parallel group design, four churches were randomized to a control condition or a weight loss condition. Each church received physical activity equipment, a coordinator, and small group physical activity sessions. A total of 71 African American men (mean age: 58.5) enrolled and received a Fitbit, Bluetooth-enabled scale, a t-shirt, gift cards for participation, and 45 min of small group physical activity led by a certified personal trainer. Men in the weight loss condition also received 45 min of health education and individually tailored SMS text messages. Multiple metrics suggest that Mighty Men was feasible, yet the acceptability of the intervention components was mixed. Participants in both the weight loss and control conditions lost weight between zero and 6 months ( p < .001), but body fat ( p = .005) and visceral fat percentage ( p = .001) of men in the weight loss condition decreased while men in the control condition did not ( p < .05). An increase in physical activity was seen among men in the weight loss condition ( p = .030) but not among men in the control condition ( p < .05). It is acceptable and feasible to conduct a 6-month weight loss intervention with African American men that includes randomization and individually tailored text messages.
Influence of geography, stroke timing, and weather conditions on transport and workflow times: Results from a longitudinal 5-year Canadian provincial registry
Authors: Kashani Nima , Ospel Johanna Maria , Singh Nishita , Zhou Amy , Ganesh Aravind , Holodinsky Jessalyn Kathryn , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Fouladirad Saman , Frost Adam , Yang Lotus , Otani Robert , Newton Braedon , Persad Amit , Wasyliw Sanchea , Graham Brett R , Hunter Gary , Gardner Aaron , Cooley Regan , Ahmed Syed Uzair , Peeling Lissa , Kelly Michael E
Published: August 2023

Background

In areas with high population spread such as Saskatchewan, it can be challenging to provide timely endovascular stroke treatment (EVT) to patients living far away from comprehensive stroke centres (CSC). We assessed the association of geography, stroke timing and weather conditions on EVT workflow times and clinical outcomes in Saskatchewan.

Methods

We included patients who underwent EVT between January 2017 and December 2022 in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Univariable and multivariable associations of time from last known well-to-CSC arrival, CSC arrival-to-reperfusion, and 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS) with driving distance from patient home to CSC, transport mode, outdoor temperature and stroke timing (day & time) were assessed using descriptive statistics and multivariable regression.

Results

Three-hundred-three patients in the province of Saskatchewan underwent EVT between January 2017 and December 2022. Distance from patient home to CSC (beta-coefficient per 10 km increase = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01–0.03) and direct to CSC transport (beta-coefficient = −0.76, 95% CI = −1.01–[−0.51]) were associated with last known well to CSC arrival time. In-hospital stroke (beta-coefficient = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.58), direct-to-CSC transfer (beta-coefficient = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.41) and daytime stroke onset (beta-coefficient = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.28–[−0.04]) were associated with time from CSC arrival to reperfusion. No association with 90-day mRS was seen.

Conclusion

Geographic factors and stroke timing were associated with EVT workflow times. However, no association with clinical outcomes was seen, suggesting that EVT patients living remote areas of Saskatchewan have similar benefit from EVT compared to urban areas. Every effort should be made to offer timely EVT to patients from remote areas.
Leading online learning during a pandemic and beyond: Challenges and opportunities for school leaders in England
Authors: Floyd Alan , Baxter Jacqueline , Morales Andres , Bari Rehana
Published: August 2023

Emerging work around the globe has identified the impact of closing schools and moving education online during the COVID-19 pandemic has had, especially on children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Whilst research into this area is growing from both students’ and parents’ perspectives, there remains a need to explore how school leaders strategically dealt with these challenging circumstances and, crucially, what can be learned for the future to ensure some of the opportunities that emerged can be harnessed and developed. This article addresses this knowledge gap by drawing on an UKRI-funded mixed-methods study involving an online survey ( n = 65) and semi-structured interviews ( n = 50) with headteachers in England exploring not only the strategic challenges that school leaders had to overcome but also highlighting the opportunities that have emerged from the crisis that will positively impact on leading online learning in the future. The results from this research have been used to develop a free online professional development course for heads, underpinned by the key findings, which are highlighted at the end of this article.
Automatic phonological access among bilinguals with cross-script languages
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ren Jinglei , Wang Min , Jiang Nan
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the hypothesis of nonselective access to phonological representations in an integrated lexicon across logographic and alphabetic writing systems among Chinese L1 (first language)–English L2 (second language) bilinguals. We employed three experiments to test this hypothesis, including a lexical decision task (LDT) and a word naming task in Experiments 1 and 2 using the masked priming paradigm, and a self-paced sentence reading task in Experiment 3. Results from the LDT and the word naming task showed a significant homophone priming effect from L1 to L2, but not from L2 to L1. In the sentence reading task, we compared processing time between homophone error words and control words in the critical and spill-over regions. A slower processing effect in the homophone condition was observed in the spill-over region. Overall, these findings suggest that phonological priming occurs across a logographic and an alphabetic script in different tasks, whether reading isolated words or sentences. Bilingual reading involves an integrated bilingual lexicon that is independent of script similarity.
The gendered framing of language impairments in criminalised young people
Authors: Maeve Dunn Lillian , Symkovych Anton , Johns Diana
Published: August 2023

Young people whose language performance does not meet socially expected standards are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Pragmatic language skills encompass the social aspects of language, which include constructing narratives, the rules of conversations, turn-taking, topic management, and non-verbal communication. Current research on pragmatic language impairments in criminalised young people – that is, on their symptomatic difficulties with social communication and language – remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to uncover the perceptions and framing of pragmatic language impairments in a sample of studies involving boys and girls from Australia and the United States. Drawing on content analysis of a sample of pertinent research, we expose the deeply gendered framing of pragmatic language performance and associated behaviours of criminalised young people. We demonstrate that available studies often represent female participants’ problematised use of pragmatic language as a personal choice, thus locating the problem within the individual and responsibilising girls and young women. However, for male participants, current research often presents problematised use of pragmatic language as a consequence of institutional failures. We argue that this gendered framing has political implications for criminalised young people and future research.
Multiple structures and transition mechanisms of laminar fuel-rich ethanol/air counterflowing spray flames
Authors: Ying Zhaoping , Gutheil Eva
Published: August 2023

Structures of laminar non-premixed ethanol/air spray flames in the axisymmetric counterflow configuration are studied under fuel-rich conditions by means of numerical simulations. The monodisperse ethanol spray is carried by air and directed against an air stream. Both streams enter at 300 K, and the system is at atmospheric pressure. Up to three different structures of these flames for identical boundary and initial conditions are identified, and regime diagrams are presented that show their conditions of existence in terms of the gas strain rate on the spray side of the configuration, [Formula: see text], starting from 55/s at an initial spray velocity of 0.44 m/s. The equivalence ratio on the spray side, [Formula: see text], is varied between 1.1 and 1.6, and initial droplet radii, [Formula: see text], from 10 to 50 [Formula: see text]m are considered. The most stable spray flame structure is characterized by two chemical reaction zones. For some conditions, single chemical reaction zones on either side of the counterflow configuration are found. Conditions under which these different flame structures exist are analyzed. Previous studies identified only two different structures for non-identical boundary conditions, and in this study, three different structures are presented for the first time. Moreover, the transition mechanisms of one structure to another are analyzed. The competition between the energy-consuming spray evaporation and the exothermic chemical reaction rates as well as the location of the spray determines the existence of the different flame structures. This transition of the different flame structures may explain spray flame characteristics such as flame pulsation or flame instabilities.
Recurrent sporadic malignant triton tumor in the carotid sheath in the absence of neurofibromatosis
Authors: Vilanilam George K , Nayar Divya , Pandey Ishan , Vattoth Surjith
Published: August 2023

Malignant Triton Tumors (MTTs) are a rare and aggressive subtype of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), often associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. This case report describes a unique instance of recurrent sporadic MTT within the carotid sheath in a 33-year-old male without any personal or familial history of neurofibromatosis. The patient initially presented with a biopsy-confirmed MTT in the right neck, involving the carotid body and brachial plexus, and underwent partial resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Six months later, the patient presented with recurrent MTT, and subsequently underwent radical tumor resection, segmental right carotid artery resection, and deep femoral vein interposition. Recovery was complicated by hematoma formation, and the patient developed vocal fold paralysis and a left vocal fold cyst, necessitating further surgeries. Yearly follow-ups for 8 years revealed no recurrence. This case emphasizes the importance of comprehensive patient evaluation, including clinical history, imaging, and biopsy findings, for accurate diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention in managing such rare and aggressive tumors. Further research is needed to identify novel therapies and improve survival rates for patients with MTTs.
What non-pharmacological and non-invasive pain management interventions are available for individuals from Turkish-speaking ethnic groups with non-malignant chronic pain? A scoping review of published literature
Authors: Nicklin David , Walumbe Jackie , Denneny Diarmuid , Godfrey Emma
Published: August 2023

Objectives

A scoping review was selected to explore what non-pharmacological and non-invasive pain management interventions are available for individuals from Turkish-speaking ethnic groups with chronic pain and what represents the most appropriate intervention.

Inclusion Criteria

Adults with non-malignant chronic pain from Turkish-speaking ethnic groups residing in or outside of Turkey. All non-pharmacological and non-invasive pain management interventions were considered. No limits were placed on geographic location, gender, sex or healthcare setting.

Methods

The MEDLINE database was searched for published literature in April 2022. An English language filter was applied. No limits were placed on study design or date of publication. Data was charted from eligible studies into a data extraction table. Key concepts were identified during data extraction by DN.

Results

Eleven studies were included in the final review. All were conducted within a quantitative research paradigm. The studies were completed in Turkey (7), Belgium (1), Sweden (1) and Switzerland (1). One was a multi-country review. No studies were conducted in the UK. The primary interventions were heterogenous and included: pain science education (2), cognitive behavioural therapy (2), transcranial magnetic stimulation (1), balneotherapy (1), extracorporeal shockwave therapy (1), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (1), wool therapy (1), exercise and patient dialogues (1) and aromatherapy massage and reflexology (1). Location of pain, outcome measures and timings of follow-ups were heterogeneous.

Conclusions

Intervention heterogeneity, exclusively quantitative methodology and absence of studies completed in the UK meant no conclusions could be made on what represents the most appropriate non-pharmacological and non-invasive interventions intervention for individuals from Turkish speaking ethnic groups with non-malignant chronic pain.
A review of evidence, antimicrobial stability, and feasibility considerations for OPAT continuous infusion
Authors: Van Abel Amy L. , Childs-Kean Lindsey M. , Jensen Kelsey L. , Mynatt Ryan P. , Ryan Keenan L. , Rivera Christina G.
Published: August 2023

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has been widely used in clinical practice for many decades because of its associated cost savings, reductions in inpatient hospital days, and decreases in hospital-associated infections. Despite this long history, evolving practice patterns and new drug delivery devices continue to present challenges as well as opportunities for clinicians when designing appropriate outpatient antimicrobial regimens. One such change is the increasing use of extended and continuous infusion (CI) of antimicrobials to optimize the achievement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targets. Elastomeric devices are also becoming increasingly popular in OPAT, including for the delivery of CI. In this article, we review the clinical evidence for CI in OPAT, as well as practical considerations of patient preferences, cost, and antimicrobial stability.
Knowledge Translation in Glomerulonephritis: Successes in Translational Research From the Bench to Bedside
Authors: Yau Kevin , Wang Carol , Al Batran Rami , Macphee Anne , Beaucage Mary , Farragher Janine F.
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review:

Glomerulonephritis refers to a rare group of diseases characterized by glomerular inflammation, which collectively are a common cause of kidney failure. Until recently, there was a lack of high-quality clinical trials to inform the care of patients with glomerulonephritides. We identified examples of successful translational research spanning from basic science to clinical applications, and highlight gaps in implementation science.

Sources of information:

The focus of our review was derived from discussions between health care professionals, researchers, and patient partners. We also performed literature searches pertaining to the treatment of glomerulonephritis in PubMed and Google Scholar.

Methods:

Examples of successful knowledge translation were generated through review of new evidence in the past 5 years and by iterative discussions by the authors. We then conducted a narrative review of several themes related to knowledge translation in glomerulonephritis. This was complemented by an interview with a patient partner to provide an example of a patient’s perspective living with glomerulonephritis.

Key findings:

We summarized selected recent advances in glomerulonephritis and its knowledge translation in the following domains: (1) identification of auto-antibodies in membranous nephropathy and minimal change disease; (2) clinical trials of novel targeted therapies for IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis, which have led to approval of new treatments; (3) developments in research networks and clinical trials in glomerulonephritis; (4) recognition of the importance in developing standardized patient reported outcome measures in clinical trials; and (5) barriers in knowledge translation including access to medication.

Limitations:

A systematic search of the literature and formal assessment of quality of evidence were beyond the scope of this review.
Prevalence of Branch Pulmonary Artery Reintervention Following the Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Miller Samantha , Kozik Deborah , Kurtz Joshua D.
Published: August 2023

Background

The arterial switch operation (ASO) is the preferred surgical procedure used to correct dextro-transposition of the great arteries. A known complication of the ASO is branch pulmonary arteries (PAs) stenosis, which may require reintervention. Our goal is to determine the frequency of reintervention after the ASO and any factors associated with reintervention.

Methods

This was a single center, retrospective study of infants who underwent the ASO from June 6, 2011 to February 21, 2021. The primary outcome was the prevalence of reintervention on the PAs following the ASO.

Results

Sixty-eight infants were analyzed; 9 (13%) patients had 10 reinterventions. The mean age at time of the ASO was 6.52 ± 6.63 days; weight was 3.34 ± 0.57 kg. Those with a reintervention had a longer bypass time ( P = .047). Mean age at reintervention was 0.80 ± 0.72 years; mean time from the ASO to reintervention was 0.799 ± 0.717 years. Six surgical procedures, two stent placements, and four balloon angioplasties were performed on a total of 13 branch PAs. There was no increased risk for reintervention on the right versus left PA. After reintervention, there was an improvement in the minimal PA diameter and echo gradient. There were no adverse events or mortality related to the reintervention. Mean follow-up was 6.17 ± 2.94 years.

Conclusion

The prevalence of branch PA reintervention following the ASO in our cohort was 13%. There is an association between longer cardiopulmonary bypass time and reintervention. After reintervention, there was an increase in PA diameter and a decrease in echo gradient.
The Role of Student-Teacher Relation on Science Self-Efficacy and Science Anxiety in Face-to-Face and Distance Education
Authors: Kurbanoğlu Namudar İzzet , Demirtaş Zeynep , Batur Abdulbari
Published: August 2023

This study examines the role of student-teacher relations on science self-efficacy and science anxiety in face-to-face and distance education. The sample consisted of 309 students attending eighth grade in four different public lower-secondary schools in Turkey and was analyzed using a descriptive model. Student-teacher relation (STR), science self-efficacy (SSE), and science anxiety (SA) questionnaires were administered in both face-to-face and distance education. Gathered quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson moment correlation, and a one-sample t-test. The results show that the mean scores of the STR and SSE in face-to-face education are higher than in distance education. The Pearson moment correlation analysis indicates that STR has a significant and positive association with SSE, and a significant negative association with SA, in face-to-face and distance education. In addition, the one-sample t-test found statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the STR and SSE in face-to-face and distance education. This difference is in favor of face-to-face education. Furthermore, the mean scores of SA in distance education are significantly higher than in face-to-face education.
Agricultural Improvement of Marginalized Tribal Farmers Through Watershed Development: A Case Study in Odisha
Authors: Mishra Sibanarayan , Behera Minaketan , Behera Alok Ranjan
Published: August 2023

Neoliberal policies have put farmers in a greater situation of vulnerability. Tribal farmers are among the most neglected in policymaking as well as in the larger capitalist framework of development. Watershed development might play a transformative role in reducing the burden of tribal farmers in Odisha. However, it is yet to gain traction in policymaking circles. Increasing the level of production and productivity are two major dimensions of watershed development, along with the conservation of land and water resources. This study is an attempt to examine the impact of watershed development on the shift toward productivity and income-enhancing cropping patterns. We have collected data among 160 farmers from four watershed development areas of Koraput and Mayurbhanj districts of Odisha, where the tribal population is a significant portion of the overall demographic composition, using a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test have been used in the study as statistical tools.
Challenges Toward a Rule-based Order in the South China Sea
Authors: Ho Ai Nhan
Published: August 2023

This article discusses and analyses the various challenges that countries are facing in maintaining a rules-based order as an important condition for the direction of peace, stability, and development of the South China Sea area. Within the scope of the article, the challenges identified and discussed are (a) China’s assertive actions and behaviours; (b) negative international practices; (c) the ambiguity of international law provisions, particularly the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; (d) ineffective international law enforcement; and (e) challenges from the counterbalance and competition for international influence among great powers. Given these challenges and the increasingly complex situation of the region, the research demonstrates that the future of any rules-based order in the South China Sea will be increasingly contested, in which the efforts and determination of a few individual regional countries are far from enough.
Book review: Ranjit Rae, Kathmandu Dilemma: Resetting India–Nepal Ties
Authors: Verma Raj Kumar
Published: August 2023

Ranjit Rae, Kathmandu Dilemma: Resetting India–Nepal Ties. Penguin Vintage Books, 2021, 237 pp. (hardback). ISBN: 9780670095216.
A critical agrarian approach to food crises: Social distance as a specific food crisis arising from the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Schrager Benjamin , Kondo Chika
Published: August 2023

Covid-19 precipitated a food crisis that reconfigured food systems in unprecedented directions. While much research on Covid-19 and food crises focuses on food insecurity, we argue for a critical agrarian approach to food crises that extends beyond food insecurity. We emphasize how food crises enact disruptions that can lead to the reconfiguration of food systems. Further, we distinguish between specific crises that disrupt food systems from the general Crisis of the corporate food regime. This article draws on interviews with key actors to explore how changes to social distance in response to Covid-19 rippled through Japanese food systems as segments of Japanese food economies expanded, adjusted, and contracted. Although Japan avoided the harshest consequences of food insecurity arising from Covid-19, the pandemic reconfigured Japanese food systems in novel directions. This reconfiguration does not neatly correspond to the general Crisis of the corporate food regime because of the prominence of the hybrid zone and scalar politics of local food within Japanese food systems. We urge critical agrarian scholarship to closely examine the situated dynamics enacted by specific food crises, because such crises introduce key inflection points for reshaping food system trajectories.