bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Infrastructure Resilience and Social Transformation through Real-time Monitoring and Risk Informed Decision Making for climate adaptation
Authors: Pal Indrajit , Dhungana Ganesh , Baskota Ayush , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Perwaiz Aslam , Ghosh Subhajit
Published: March 2024

Poor planning and insufficient maintenance of existing structures and systems in developing countries like Nepal and Bangladesh have left them inadequate, unreliable, and vulnerable. Natural hazards have further exacerbated the impacts on these fragile, complex, and interconnected systems, which are expected to rise with the looming threat of increasing climate-induced uncertainties. Infrastructure resilience is, hence, indispensable for the sustainable development of any society. Therefore, a robust monitoring and decision support system is crucial in strengthening infrastructure resilience, which will inadvertently help in societal adaptation and resilience to hazards and threats. This paper discusses the effectiveness of digital technologies in reducing the risk of climate-induced hazards, taking the case of a climate change innovation – CRISTA developed by the Asian Institute of Technology and showcasing how the pilot solution was successful in addressing one of the pressing gaps in critical infrastructure risk management in Nepal. The CRISTA application collects real-time community information while delivering risk information and alerts. A human-AI hybrid network served as an interface between the data collected from real-time monitoring and the CRISTA dashboard. The vulnerability assessment for input in CRISTA was carried out using the IPCC AR5 risk assessment framework. This study also proves how digital technology applications can be beneficial for near-real-time monitoring, risk assessment, and decision-making in risk management of critical infrastructure systems by the use and integration of a crowdsourcing mobile application and associated geospatial dashboard.
The simulation of ENSO teleconnections in a resolved scales hierarchy of earth system models.
Authors: Mahajan Salil
Published: March 2024

Extracting regional precipitation predictability on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales from low frequency variability phenomena, like El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), remains a challenge. The coupling of sea surface temperature anomalies and deep convective activity associated with Tropical Pacific variability including during ENSO events contributes significantly to the diabatic heating of the tropical troposphere. The resulting Rossby waves that emanate from the tropical atmosphere then regulate remote tele-connections. Sub-grid scale deep convection parametrizations, however, are one of the largest sources of error in the current generation of earth system models and thus also lead to erroneous simulations of ENSO teleconnections. Here, we evaluate the simulation of ENSO teleconnections to US winter precipitation extremes in a hierarchy of earth system models spanning spatial resolutions from 100 km to 25 km as they explicitly resolve finer scales. We also evaluate US Department of Energy’s Energy Exascale Earth System Model’s Multi-scale Modeling Framework (E3SM-MMF) model configuration that embeds a cloud resolving model in each model grid point to explicitly resolve deep convection. We find that models credibly simulate the observed ENSO teleconnections to US winter precipitation mean and extremes over Southeast and Southwest US. High resolution models and the MMF model are generally found to improve upon their low-resolution counterparts. The enhancements are largely due to the improved simulation of ENSO-dependent storm track activity and moisture fluxes into the regions.  
Diurnal and seasonal variation in the ion flux in relation to altitude
Authors: Michael Chizurumoke , David Timothy , Bakare Nurudeen , Ajetunmobi Abayomi , Awoyinka Tunde
Published: March 2024

Plasmas entering the magnetosphere play an important role in altering the global magnetospheric dynamics. As the sun is a source of plasma, so also the Earth’s ionosphere, and both interact at the terrestrial magnetosphere. The Earth’s ion flux, being energised by various mechanism such as joule heating, mirroring, ambipolar electric field, electromagnetic waves etc., are caused to experience an upwelling, and an outflow because of other suprathermal energisation leading to the term “loss of planetary atmospheres”. Using EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) data, this study examines the ion flux variation with respect to altitude. It can be seen from the result that no two days have the same plot even though some exhibited similar pattern. This is due to variability in daily solar radiation. The result also shows that ion fluxes in the high and very high domain (fion ≥ 1.0 × 1014 m-2 s-1), are restricted to altitudes ≥ 300 m. However, the fluxes ranging from 1.0 × 1013 m-2 s-1  ≤ fion  < 2.5 × 1013 m-2 s-1 are phenomena across all altitudes under investigation. The variability experienced here is linked to the seasonal variation in the location of the ESR instrumentation. In this case, high flux is observed during the winter, which might be due to winter anomaly, while less amount of high flux in the summer despite substantial increase in the solar flux during this time. This might be attributed to a decrease in the production rate and an increase in the loss rate, because of more molecular neutral atmosphere in summer.
Modelling the impact of global changes on soil erosion in a mountain mixed pasture catchment (Sicily, IT)
Authors: Marien Laurène , Licciardello Feliciana , Giuffrida Emanuela Rita , Pastor Amandine Valérie , Huard Frederic , Raclot Damien
Published: March 2024

Soil erosion control is critical to global food production and ecosystem health worldwide, and particularly in the Mediterranean region, which is prone to erosion and is expected to be strongly affected by climatic and anthropogenic changes. In this study, which was part of the MASCC/Arimnet2 project, we aimed to inspect the vulnerability in terms of soil erosion of Mediterranean agricultural soils to global changes in order to contribute to the definition of sustainable agricultural conservation strategies for Mediterranean agro-ecosystems. Specifically, we explored how land use and management (LUM) can mitigate climate change impacts and increase agricultural attractiveness in a pasture-dominated Mediterranean mountain environment, the Cannata basin in Sicily, by 2050 under RCP4.5 climate scenarios, and testing strategies to maintain agricultural production and protect soil resources.LUM scenarios were established as a modulation of environmental protection and agricultural production/ diversification. The main management distinctions tested in this paper included intensive versus extensive practices for pasture, and conventional versus conservative practices for cereals and orchards.Soil erosion simulations, carried out with the LandSoil model, showed that the impact of climate change was very low and not significant in the studied watershed (i.e., 1.78% of erosion on average). Under current climate and compared to the baseline, LUM scenarios reported an increase in erosion for the business-as-usual (S1, +6.0%), market-oriented (S2, +57.2%) and sustainability-oriented (S4, +0.9) scenarios, respectively, whereas the nature-oriented scenario led to a slight reduction in erosion (S3, 11.3%).Our results emphasize that agricultural diversification coupled with adaptations in practices and management can improve the attractiveness of agriculture in pasture-dominated environments while maintaining soil protection at an acceptable level.
Evidence for enhanced volcanism and weathering during the middle Eocene from mercury and osmium isotope records
Authors: Lim Dhongil , Kim Jihun , Xu Zhaokai , Selby David , Yin Runsheng , Chang Taesoo
Published: March 2024

Rapid plate reorganization may have influenced global climate during the Eocene, but the linkage between them, especially during the middle Eocene, remains poorly constrained. In this study, we reconstructed high-resolution records of mercury (Hg) and osmium (Os) abundances and isotopes from the Eocene sedimentary sequence of Site U1514, drilled in the Mentelle Basin off southwestern Australia, to gain insights into the interplay between tectonics, volcanism, and continental weathering during the middle Eocene. A comprehensive analysis of these isotopes confirms that the middle Eocene (~45–38 Ma) experienced extensive volcanic activity, evident from notably elevated Hg enrichments as well as near-zero Δ199Hg values. This enhancement of volcanic activity is intricately linked to widespread plate tectonic activity in the Southern Ocean. The prolonged and enhanced volcanic activity is likely to have played a crucial role in triggering global warming incidents, including the Late Lutetian Thermal Maximum (LLTM) and middle Eocene Climate Optimum (MECO). The analysis of seawater 187Os/188Os (Osi) in conjunction with supporting data (i.e., influx in terrigenous materials and elemental indices) underscores that the middle Eocene was a critical period in the intensification of continental weathering response to the CO2 rise and warming. This intensified continental weathering is most prominent during the MECO warming, further supporting the prevalence of warmer and more humid climate conditions.
Assessing Traffic Resilience: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Extreme Rainstorm in Beijing, 2023
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan
Published: March 2024

Climate change leads to frequent and intense extreme weather, posing threats to densely populated urban areas. The non-engineering measure (early warning system, school closure, work from home) is an effective strategy for future adaptation, but research in megacities of developing countries remains limited. In this context, our study focuses on Beijing, the capital of China, examining a case of the 140-year rainstorm that occurred in late July 2023. Using 30-minute interval road congestion data, our study conducts a quantitative analysis of the urban operational rhythms. We found that citizens actively responded to the disaster event, reducing traffic pressure and travel exposure on rainy days. Specifically, when the red warning was issued, road congestion experienced a slight increase with an early rush hour, reflecting the preparatory actions before the rainstorm; while in the following three days, road congestion was below normal levels, indicating the cancellation of numerous activities during the rainstorm. The complex congestion dynamics can be categorized into three modes: the intensely changing evening peak, the locally changing off peak, and the relatively stable morning peak. We then clustered the urban internal spaces based on typical mode proportion and finally classified them using multi-source variates. It was found that population characteristics, location accessibility, and built facilities can effectively explain the road congestion change. Based on these findings, policy suggestions for extreme disaster response and future resilience enhancement are proposed.
Variation-based complementarity assessment between wind and solar resources in China
Authors: Ming Bo , Guo Yi , Huang Qiang
Published: March 2024

The complementarity between wind and solar resources is considered one of the factors that restrict the utilization of intermittent renewable power sources such as these, but the traditional complementarity assessment rely on the strength of the negatively correlated variables and do not consider the scale of those different variables. To this end, we propose a novel variation-based complementarity metrics system based on the description of series’ fluctuation characteristics from quantitative and contoured dimensions. From this, the complementarity between wind and solar resources in China is assessed, and the trend and persistence are tested. Furthermore, the spatial compatibility between wind and solar resources and hydropower resources in China for supporting the expansion of wind and solar power is discussed. The results indicated that (1) there is a complementarity between wind and solar resources throughout China, and the regions rich in wind and solar resources, such as the northwest, north, and northeast of China, usually exhibit a strong complementarity; (2) the complementarity shows an increasing trend during 1961–2016 that was prominent in the northeast, northwest, north, and southwest of China; (3) the persistence or anti-persistence of the complementarity across China is weak, while in comparison, the complementarity in the northwest, northeast and southwest of China is more likely to continue to increase in the future; and (4) northwest China is the most suitable region to develop the hydro–wind–solar hybrid system. Although southwest China has the most abundant hydropower, the relatively low production efficiency and weak complementarity of wind and solar resources may restrict the scale of wind and solar power.
Integrated soil erosion and mass movement assessment using LISEM in the Vernazza catchment, Liguria, Italy
Authors: Niyokwiringirwa Priscilla , Maerker Michael , Lombardo Luigi , Rellini Ivano
Published: March 2024

A disastrous flash flood in the Vernazza catchment, Cinque Terre, Liguria, Italy on the 25th of October 2011 with numerous landslides and severe soil erosion caused fatalities and economic losses amounting to millions of Euros. The area is characterized by a terraced landscape and steep slopes. Most of the terraces are abandoned and used for vine and olive production in former times. The related processes are triggering each other and lead to degradation of the slopes and particularly affect abandoned terraced areas.
To study the dynamics and potentially affected areas in terms of source, transport, and deposition of sediments we applied the Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM). LISEM is based on detailed soil, topography and landuse information. We applied the model on a 1m scale using climatic data from two nearby weather stations and detailed soil geotechnical properties collected from the field. LISEM assessed the hydrological dynamics and related processes linked to surface runoff such as soil erosion processes as well as landslides related to the soil water content. The results show the spatial distribution of soil erosion processes and landslides. Moreover, we characterise the sediment transport pathways and depositional zones. The results help to identify critical areas needing interventions and particularly to recognize the abandoned terraces prone to collapsing. Hence, our LISEM approach yield valuable information for basin managers, farmers and environmental protection agencies.
The Coupled Orbital and Rotational Dynamics of Europa from Radiometric Data of NASA Europa Clipper Mission
Authors: Floris Manuel , Magnanini Andrea , Gomez Casajus Luis Antonio , Zannoni Marco , Tortora Paolo
Published: March 2024

Europa Clipper is a NASA mission that will be launched in October 2024 to study Europa, one of the Galilean moons of Jupiter, and it will arrive in the Jovian system in 2030. During its operational time, it will perform multiple flybys of Europa with different altitudes and geometries. The gravity field and the rotational state of Europa can be precisely determined by reconstructing the Europa Clipper trajectory during the moon flybys. The observable quantity used in the estimation is the spacecraft range-rate, obtained from the frequency shift due to the Doppler effect of a highly stable microwave carrier transmitted from an Earth ground station to the spacecraft, that coherently retransmits the signal to Earth by means of the on-board transponder. As a result, the Europa Clipper mission will enable the estimation, with unprecedented accuracy, of the gravity field, orbit, and rotational state of Europa, thus dramatically improving our knowledge in its internal structure, origin, evolution, and habitability.
The objective of this research activity is the estimation of the static gravity field and tidal parameters of Europa, along with other related physical parameters of interest, such as the rotational state and orbit around Jupiter. The typical approach in radio science gravity data analysis is to estimate the rotational state as a parametric function of time, effectively considering the orbit and rotation of a celestial body as decoupled. However, this is just an approximation. In fact, the orbital dynamics of the moon is not only influenced by the gravity field of the central body and the other moons, but also by the non-sphericity of the moon itself, which creates an acceleration that depends on the rotational state. Besides, the triaxiality of the moon determines the torques acting on it and its inertia matrix, and therefore the rotation of the moon through the Euler equations.
The goal of this project is to improve the radio science data analysis, performing the orbit determination of Europa Clipper modeling the coupling dynamics between orbit and rotation, to improve the reliability and accuracy of the estimate of Europa static gravity, tidal parameters, orbit and rotational state, and ultimately of its internal structure.
An observational constraint of global soil moisture droughts 
Authors: Leng Guoyong , Yao Lei , Liao Xiaoyong , Wang Jieyong , Li Zehong , Hou Ruixing , Li You , Sun Dongqi , Qiu Jiali , Peng Jian
Published: March 2024

Soil moisture drought is one of the leading hazards causing global crop yield loss. Projecting future changes in soil moisture droughts is therefore critical for informing water management and ensuring food security, but show large uncertainties not only in its frequency but also in the duration and intensity. Here, we found a strong relation between future changes in soil moisture droughts (2070-2100 relative to 1980-2014) and historical global warming rate (1980-2014) emerging from an ensemble of Earth System Models (ESMs) under the business-as-usual scenario. Combining such emergent relation with observed warming rate leads to a shift of Probability density function (PDF) of future soil moisture droughts. Compared to the raw models, the observational constraint reduces the uncertainty of future soil moisture drought by 10-18%. What’s more, a much lower estimate of future drought frequency, duration and intensity is obtained, suggesting that previous studies using the raw models may have overestimated soil moisture droughts.
A standardized, globally applicable method for detecting spatial patterns at alpine treeline ecotones
Authors: Prakash Nishtha , Roscher Ribana , Bader Maaike Y.
Published: March 2024

Treeline dynamics have been studied using a range of remote sensing and GIS methods depending on the scale of analysis (regional, landscape, hillslope and stand scale). At the landscape scale, alpine forest can be delineated from grassland using medium resolution imagery (10-30 m spatial resolution). At the hillslope scale, high resolution imagery (5 m spatial resolution) can help detect the general pattern of treeline ecotone and any vertical or lateral shifts, while very high-resolution imagery (<1 m spatial resolution) could help detect the pattern within the ecotone by telling individual trees or clusters of trees apart from the surrounding low-stature vegetation. However, there is a dearth of such very high-resolution data for treeline ecotone sites around the world, especially those in the global south. Therefore, there is the need for a treeline pattern detection method that works efficiently using limited data and that can be applied with high level of accuracy to diverse geographical regions. We are developing an explainable deep learning method that is trained on the best available data; but that also works well for lower-quality data from new alpine treeline sites. The aim of this method is to detect treeline-ecotone patterns in a consistent and comparable manner to allow a global comparison of patterns and their relation to driving factors and processes.
Programming as risk part of emergency governance
Authors: Iacovone Giovanna
Published: March 2024

Administration appropriateness within the government of risk and emergency, and hence in its full application of precautionary models, requires  preliminary thought about the precaution and prevention criteria. These play a fundamental role according to a complementary relational dynamic that presupposes a coordination between parties, including private ones, especially in order to gain an adequate acquisition of essential scientific and technical knowledge that is an indefectible prerequisite for the preparation of measures and procedures adequate with respect to the purpose. There are two profiles involved in this theme, namely one of a general type, relating precisely to the approach one has with regards to weighting of risk, and yet quite of a punctual and operational nature relating to the taking of the single precautionary measure and related relationship between technique and law and the quest, on the part of the latter, for a datum of certainty that the former often fails to offer. In this regard, it seems interesting to note that a very clear message comes from Europe when it states that it is generally recognized that, in some cases, scientific risk evaluation alone cannot provide all the necessary information on which a risk management decision should be based, and that it is legitimate to consider other relevant factors, including social, economic, traditional, ethical, and environmental aspects
Groundwater systems of an urban weathered basement aquifer in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Foppen Jan Willem , Nyenje Philip , Ocoromac Denis , Tumwesige Stephen , Ascott Matt J. , Sorensen James P. R. , Newell Andrew J. , Macdonald David M. J. , Gooddy Daren C. , Tindimugaya Callist , Kulabako Robinah N. , Lapworth Dan J.
Published: March 2024

Weathered basement aquifers are vital sources of drinking water in Africa. In order to better understand their role in the urban water balance, in a weathered basement aquifer in Kampala, Uganda, this study installed a transect of monitoring piezometers, carried out spring flow and high-frequency groundwater level monitoring, slug tests and hydrochemical analyses, including stable isotopes and groundwater residence time indicators. Findings showed a typical weathered basement aquifer with a 20–50-m thickness. Groundwater recharge was 3–50 mm/year, occurring during sustained rainfall. Recharge to a deep groundwater system within the saprock was slow and prolonged, while recharge to the springs on the valley slopes was quick and episodic, responding rapidly to precipitation. Springs discharged shallow groundwater, mixed with wastewater infiltrating from onsite sanitation practices and contributions from the deeper aquifer and were characterised by low flow rates (< 0.001 m^3/s), low pH (<5), high nitrate values (61–190 mg/L as NO3), and residence times of <30 years. The deeper groundwater system occurred in the saprolite/saprock, had low transmissivity (< 1 × 10^-5 m^2/s), lower nitrate values (<20 mg/L as NO3), pH 6–6.5 and longer residence times (40–60 years). Confined groundwater conditions in the valleys were created by the presence of clay-rich alluvium and gave rise to artesian conditions where groundwater had lower nitrate concentrations. The findings provide new insights into weathered basement aquifers in the urban tropics and show that small-scale abstractions are more sustainable in the deeper groundwater system in the valleys, where confined conditions are present. This work was published as https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-022-02474-9.
Numerical modeling of extreme events of waves and water level for analysing coastal hazards on the coasts of Normandy (France)
Authors: Turki Emma Imen , López Solano Carlos , Gutiérrez Barcelo Ángel David , Tonatiuh Mendoza Ernesto , Laignel Benoit , Lafite Robert
Published: March 2024

Storms are some of the most powerful natural phenomena on Earth. From a climate perspective, they are driven by atmospheric perturbations that induce high waves and extreme storm surges. Coastal storms can have significant effects on coastal environments, including erosion of beaches, coastal infrastructure damage, or flooding, among other impacts. These impacts will likely increase with climate change and the rising human pressure due to the overexpansion of urbanization and infrastructure that takes place in these areas. Among all these risks, flooding in coastal and low-lying beach environments, is considered one of the major hazards that humanity must face, especially in recent decades. Investigating coastal flooding and its impact on coastal systems requires the consideration of the different natural drivers induced by marine forces with their specific return period. In this context, and in the framework of the Normandy coastal risk management, an integrative approach of numerical modelling has been developed to generate waves and sea-level hydrodynamics from the Atlantic Sea and the North Sea to the English Channel.
 
In this context, our work aims to examine the dynamics of coastal storms and their impacts close to Normandy coasts with gravel and composite beaches. Employing the outputs of the downscaling, extreme waves impacting on the coast have also been investigated at a local scale, simulating real storms on different profiles on the beach of Hautot-sur-Mer, France. This beach is an interesting location because of its morphology in the intertidal part of the profile. It is formed by a layer of sand with a mild slope covered by a layer of pebbles forming a steep slope. We have used the numerical model SWASH to obtain overwash and overtopping data in response to high energetic intervals of time for different sections of the beach. This allowed us to define the protective effect of the pebbles. The characterization of this effect has highlighted the importance of employing groins to slow down coastal transit in order to create natural morphologies that serve as barriers against extreme events produced by the action of the sea. In particular, the central part of this beach, sustained by groins, presented a much more dissipative response to high waves than the sides, where this kind of structures are no longer maintained.
Understanding and mitigating cybersecurity risks of electric vehicle charging
Authors:   , Nisar Fatima
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the adoption of Electric Vehicles (Evs) has increased with global sales to 23 million. EVs act as prosumers and have transformed the transportation and energy sectors. However, challenges of cybersecurity and scalability persists. This thesis helps to understand and quantify those potential coordinated attacks on EV charging. It also explores Blockchain based architecture for secure, transparent, and decentralized EV charging networks. While appreciating Blockchain’s potential, this study directs the creation of a reliable and long-lasting EV charging network.
Everyday Autonomous Transactional Media: A Platform Biography of the Decentralized Video Streaming Platform DTube
Authors:   , Nagappa Ashwin
Published: March 2024

This thesis tells the story of DTube, a blockchain-based social media (BSM) platform positioned as an alternative to YouTube. BSM platforms are situated at the intersection of the emergent Web3 discourse and the dominant platform paradigm. These novel initiatives attempt to develop community-led alternatives to mainstream commercial platforms by leveraging emergent Web3 technologies. Using the platform biography approach, the thesis traces DTube’s evolution between 2017-2022, locating these changes within the history of the web and digital media platforms. It contributes to a broader understanding of changing discourses, technologies, and practices of the web at a crucial historical juncture.
REQUIREMENTS FOR FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE AMONG ASPIRING PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg city, Russia, Kargapoltseva N.A. , Maigeldiyeva Sh.M. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2024

In the current era, the issue of multicultural education holds great significance in nurturing and cultivating the cross-cultural competence of primary school teachers. The development of cross-cultural competence has become a pressing social concern, particularly emphasizing the constructive transfer of knowledge within a multicultural setting. This heightened emphasis can be attributed to ongoing globalizing processes, educational integration, and the prevalent low level of cross-cultural competence among individuals. The establishment and enhancement of cross-cultural competence hold particular importance within foreign language education, especially in the professional training of teachers. Teachers must be prepared to address pressing educational issues that always involve the task of instructing and nurturing students from diverse ethnic and social backgrounds, encompassing varied cultural values, traditions, and lifestyles. Consequently, the education system should primarily focus on strengthening intercultural connections and harmony within Kazakhstan, necessitating a shift in the requirements for contemporary graduates of higher education institutions, who should possess a high level of competence in cross-cultural relations. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify the pedagogical prerequisites essential for developing the cross-cultural competence of future primary school teachers, enabling them to comprehend and embrace diverse values, possess well-developed cross-cultural self-awareness, and engage effectively in intercultural interactions inherent in other cultures.
FEATURES OF USING 3D-FORMAT IN THE LEARNING PROCESS
Authors:   Almaty Technological University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Ismailova R.B.
Published: March 2024

Подготовка творческих, высококвалифицированных, компетентных, востребованных специалистов, ориентирующихся в быстро изменяющихся условиях, способных применять современные информационные технологии – одна из главных задач образовательной системы. Новые технологии играют большую роль в современном образовании, и одним из таких нововведений является формат 3D. Обучение в 3D имеет свои особенности, что позволяет учащимся эффективно усваивать материалы, развивать необходимые навыки. В этой статье рассматриваются основные особенности обучения в 3D, такие как реалистичные трехмерные модели и моделирование, использование интерактивных задач и игровых ситуаций, а также доступ к большому количеству информации и ресурсов. Кроме того, в статье анализируются ограничения и проблемы, связанные с использованием 3D-технологий, такие как потребность в специальном оборудовании и программном обеспечении, а также обучение преподавателей и студентов. В заключении подчеркивается важность обучения в 3D-формате для развития современного образования и подготовки будущих специалистов в технической сфере. Включение 3D (трехмерных моделей) процессов и объектов в традиционные способы обучения вносит инновацию в «рутинный» процесс обучения, повышает мотивацию к обучению. Облегчает систематизацию знаний. Способствует усвоению большего объема информации, что положительно сказывается на результатах тестов и экзаменов
Introduction: “Moral Meteorology” as comparative framework from and beyond the history of East Asia
Authors: Preiser-Kapeller Johannes
Published: March 2024

The concept of “moral meteorology” has been first introduced into the study of Late Imperial China. With several example, this introduction demonstrates its applicability to earlier periods of East Asian history and beyond across the ancient and medieval word before briefly referring to the contents of the special issue devoted to this topic.
La revolución no es un Fiat mágico. Un análisis de los procesos de subjetivación política desde Foucault y los estudios culturales
Authors: Alvarado Castro Iván , Del Pino Díaz David
Published: March 2024

Este artículo es una aproximación crítica e integradora de los procesos de subjetivación política en los trabajos de Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault, Raymond Williams y Stuart Hall. Para ello, se explicará, en primer lugar, el giro epistémico realizado por Michel Foucault a finales de 1970 que le conduce a buscar la estética de la existencia tras teorizar la relación de poder y libertad. Posteriormente se analizará qué entienden por subjetivación política estos autores. El análisis de la transformación teórica que lleva a cabo Michel Foucault de la relación entre poder y libertad a partir de obras como El nacimiento de la biopolítica, El uso de los placeres o La hermenéutica del sujeto permitirá precisar el análisis comparativo entre hegemonía, cuidado de sí y contrahegemonía en los autores señalados. Por último, presentaremos la especificidad de la relación entre los trabajos de Gramsci y Foucault con Williams y Hall como mediadores epistemológicos.
La trampa universalista de la teoría de la justicia rawlsiana: aportes desde los feminismos para el reconocimiento de sujetos estructuralmente desaventajados
Authors: Salvi Nicolás , Nucci Agostina
Published: March 2024

A partir de una breve reconstrucción de la teoría de la justicia como imparcialidad desarrollada por John Rawls, elaboramos un recorrido por algunas de las más importantes críticas a la teoría rawlsiana desde la óptica del feminismo, reconociendo y destacando sus distintos matices y soluciones propuestas para hacer frente a las deficiencias del universalismo moral. Luego, nos proponemos analizar si las críticas que se disparan desde distintos posicionamientos teóricos dentro del feminismo pueden tener efectos extensibles hacia otros sujetos desaventajados estructuralmente, subrepresentados e invisibilizados por la propuesta epistemológica del universalismo. Por último, intentaremos brindar una conclusión en torno a la incompatibilidad de la propuesta teórica rawlsiana con la complejidad y pluralidad de las sociedades actuales.
La facultad de filosofía y letras de García Morente
Authors: Moreno Juan Padilla
Published: March 2024

Uno de los mayores logros de la Segunda República española en el ámbito de la educación fue sin duda la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Madrid, de la que fue decano Manuel García Morente. El artículo centra la atención sobre todo en la sección de Filosofía, analizando las claves de su éxito. Entre ellas hay que destacar la existencia de un profesorado extraordinario (Zubiri, Gaos, Zambrano) intelectualmente encabezado por Ortega y sabiamente coordinado por el mismo Morente. Será clave también la organización de la docencia, en la que resulta muy visible la mano de Morente, así como la construcción del nuevo edificio de la Facultad y el fomento de la vida universitaria, con iniciativas como el crucero por el Mediterráneo del año 1933. Fue en muchos sentidos una institución ejemplar, destruida por la Guerra Civil, pero de la que no todo se perdió.
Armenian Diaspora in Russia: Employment and Socio-economic Well-being
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Osadchaya Galina , Yudina Tat'yana ,   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

Распад Советского Союза в 1991 г., вызвал существенное усиление миграционного притока армянского населения в более благополучную Россию и принципиально изменил состав, экономический потенциал, включённость армянской диаспоры в принимающее общество. Целью исследования является оценка занятости и уровня социально-экономического самочувствия, как показателя особенностей и успешности протекания процесса адаптации в трёх российских регионах с наибольшей численностью армянской общины: в Краснодарском, Ставропольском краях, а также в Москве и Московской области. Статья подготовлена на основе анализа результатов совместного проекта России и Армении «Социально-экономический потенциал армянской диаспоры в контексте интеграционных процессов в ЕАЭС». Методическая стратегия включает анкетный опрос представителей армянской диаспоры и глубинное интервью армянской диаспоры в данных регионах. В статье дан критический анализ научной литературы по социальному и социально - экономическому самочувствию социальных групп, показано, что понятие «социально-экономическое самочувствие» - это комплексный феномен, требующий уточнения интерпретации, операционализации и методики измерения. Обоснован поход, эмпирические индикаторы, методика по расчёту индексов социально-экономического самочувствия. Дан анализ занятости, социального - экономического самочувствия в экономической сфере (удовлетворённость работой, отношениями на работе; возможности обеспечения семьи, удовлетворённость материальным положением) и социальной сфере (отношения в семье, удовлетворённость местом и условиями проживания, образованием, здоровьем, отпуском и свободным временем, занятиями физкультурой и спортом), оценка социального настроения, перспектив и возможностей реализации жизненных планов. Сделан вывод о том, что в целом уровень социально-экономического самочувствия демонстрирует относительную устойчивость и активную включённость армян в общую российскую среду, особенно в Краснодарском крае. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы органами власти при подготовке и реализации комплекса мер, направленных на создание условий для более полного использования социально-экономического потенциала армянской диаспоры для развития РФ.
De-Standardisation of Employment in Economic Reformatting Context: State of Scientific Discourse
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bobkov Vyacheslav , Veredyuk Olesya ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2024

Статья посвящена анализу состояния научного дискурса по проблемам дестандартизации занятости под влиянием текущих макрошоков, формируемых усиливающимся международным санкционным давлением на Россию. Данными для анализа выступили полученные авторами статьи материалы от спикеров, презентовавших результаты своих научных исследований на международной академической дискуссии «Дестандартизация занятости в условиях переформатирования экономики» 16 марта 2023 г. в рамках VII Санкт-Петербургского международного форума труда. Для проверки гипотезы о том, что академическое дискуссионное поле эластично отвечает на текущие изменения конъюнктуры, проведён анализ представленных докладчиками текстов методом рейтингования специфических для обсуждаемой темы слов по частоте их использования. Для оценки динамики изменений академического дискуссионного поля данные за 2023 год сопоставлены с данными схожей дискуссионной площадки Форума труда 2022 года. Показано, что исследователи продолжают поддерживать широкий спектр вопросов в рамках темы дестандартизации занятости, включая вызовы в сфере труда; оплату труда; качество трудовых ресурсов; уровень жизни домохозяйств работников; качество трудовой жизни и удовлетворённость работой; дистанционную занятость; городскую и сельскую занятость. Дискуссионное поле (на примере академической дискуссии в рамках Форума труда) в целом эластично реагирует на данные изменения конъюнктуры. При отсутствии прямого упоминания военной операции и санкций исследователи ввели их как факторы, переменные, условия своих продолжающихся исследований. Также в статье приводятся предложения участников академической дискуссии в Программный комитет Форума труда
Standard of Living of Households with Children in Modern Russia: Risk Factors
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gulyugina Aleftina , Chashchina Tatyana ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

В статье анализируются основные индикаторы уровня жизни домохозяйств с детьми и выявляются факторы, образующие риски снижения уровня жизни. Методология исследования опирается на данные российской статистики, включая макроэкономические данные, результаты выборочного обследования бюджетов домашних хозяйств, выборочного наблюдения доходов населения и участия в социальных программах, комплексного наблюдения условий жизни населения, а также на результаты мониторинговых исследований доходов и уровня жизни населения России. В качестве основных индикаторов уровня жизни рассматриваются два взаимосвязанных расчётных индикатора - реальные располагаемые ресурсы и покупательная способность расходов на потребление (ключевой). Исследование проводится для домохозяйств с разным числом детей для периода 2018-2022 гг. Показано, что индикаторы уровня жизни домохозяйств с детьми и факторы риска дифференцированы по признаку детности. Определено, что реальные располагаемые ресурсы и уровень покупательной способности расходов на потребление снижались для всех типов домохозяйств с детьми. Выявлено, что все домохозяйства с детьми по уровню покупательной способности расходов на потребление были низкообеспеченными. Риск бедности у домохозяйств с 1 ребёнком был наименьшим, а у домохозяйств с 2-мя детьми он стал угрожающим. Домохозяйства с 3-мя и более детьми находятся в зоне предельно высокого риска бедности. Показано, что среди малоимущих домохозяйств глубина бедности при наличии 3-х и более детей наиболее значительная. Определено, что в рассматриваемом периоде домохозяйства с 1 ребёнком были менее склонны тратить прирост располагаемых ресурсов на потребление, а домохозяйства с 3-мя и более детьми наиболее склонны из-за недостаточной ресурсной обеспеченности. Выявленные факторы риска уровня жизни сгруппированы по уровню их образования - внешние (международный уровень) и внутренние (российский уровень). В рамках групп выделены их сферы влияния - социально-экономическая, денежно-кредитная, демографическая. По результатам исследования предложены меры для улучшения положения домохозяйств с детьми.
RATING OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkova N.N. , Romanyuk E.I. ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the authors continue their research of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation's regions. The relevance of this issue in the context of technological sanctions pressure blocking the country’s access to foreign technologies and investment resources is increasing. Given the federal nature of the state, its subjects’ different levels of development in all spheres, including science and technology, and the shortage of resources, it seems appropriate to identify local scientific and technological growth points. The authors provide a comparative analysis of various methods for rating scientific and technological development, including the governmental one. In addition, they propose their own methodology based on existing statistical data, and rate Russian regions taking into account different aspects of scientific and technological development. The authors have come to a conclusion about the uneven scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which is caused by the existing spatial distribution of scientific and technological infrastructure. They have identified a small group of regions determining the index for Russia as a whole. These regions are the country’s centers of innovative development where the necessary scientific and technological infrastructure was created, hosting leading research institutes and higher educational institutions with the high R&D potential.
ON THE ISSUE OF CONSTITUTIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF "INSTITUTIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY"
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Boldyrev O.Yu.
Published: March 2024

The article presents a brief summary of the development of political economy. The fundamental differences between the methodology of political economy and the methodology of economics are briefly described. It is shown that modern political economy is not reduced to either Marxism or the "new political economy" of J. Buchanan. The relevance of research within the framework of institutional political economy, which is capable of developing the achievements of classical political economy, traditional institutionalism and institutional evolutionary theory, is substantiated. It is proposed to develop constitutional political economy within the framework of this particular area of political and economic research.
Effect of four weeks of Respiratory Muscle stretch Gymnastics on Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity of Welders
Authors: Shah Sweety , Bodke Jatinkumar
Published: March 2024

Context: Respiratory muscle stretch gymnastics (RMSG) has been proposed as a valuable additional form of rehabilitation for patients with respiratory diseases. Existing literature suggests that welders have an increased risk of chronic bronchitis, pneumoconiosis and impairment of pulmonary function.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of RMSG in welders.
Materials and Method: Welders from various workshops of Ahmedabad city were screened for this study. An Interventional study was conducted with 26 welders, purposively assigned to either an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG). The EG performed 10 repetitions each of 5 patterns of RMSG, five times a week for four weeks, while the CG received no intervention. IMS was measured using a capsule sensing pressure gauge. Functional capacity was assessed using the six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance.
Results: After four weeks, the EG showed a significant increase in MIP (from 112.5 ± 3.535 cmH2O to 130 ± 14.142 cmH2O; p < 0.05) and 6MWT distance (from 524.5 ± 21.92 meters to 592.5 ± 38.890 meters; p < 0.05). The CG showed no significant change in either MIP or 6MWT distance.
Conclusion: Four weeks of RMSG significantly improved IMS and functional capacity of welders. This suggests that RMSG may be an effective intervention for improving respiratory health and exercise performance in welders.

Key words: Respiratory Muscle, Welders, Inspiratory muscle strength
Crutch Accommodative Transhumeral Prosthesis for an Amputee with PPRP: A Case Report
Authors: Pattanaik Ritikesh , Lenka Sipra
Published: March 2024

Polio affected patients develop lower limb deformities which interfere in ambulation of the patient. The patients become dependent on assistive devices like crutches or orthoses for their ambulation. For ambulation with crutches, the major source is the upper extremities. Amputation of upper extremities leaves no way for ambulation. Though many options are there, patients from low- and middle-income countries cannot afford them and choose not to ambulate rather stay at home. Cost effective modified prosthesis can rehabilitate these patients. A left transhumeral amputee with same side post-polio residual paralysis (PPRP) of lower limb was rehabilitated and made ambulant again by an crutch accommodative prosthesis.

Key words: Polio, Amputation, Accommodative Prosthesis, Ambulation