bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system
Authors: Zenkova T. S. , Fedin I. A.
Published: October 2019

In recent years, it has become apparent that the incidence of diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system is extremely high. The clinical manifestations of diseases such as acromegaly, Itsenko Cushing's disease, primary hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism are considered to be well known [8, 9, 32, 45]. However, to select the optimal method of treatment in each specific clinical situation, it is imperative for the clinician to obtain information about the state of the main structural link of the pathological process - the pituitary gland
Training of patients with hypothyrosis
Authors: Dlugach Ye. A. , Alexandrova G. F. , Melnichenko G. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of training of the patients with hypothyrosis, which is associated with the need for lifelong replacement therapy, when the control over the adequacy without the active participation of the patient himself is impossible.
Пешеходное интервью: структура и жанры
Authors: Веселкова Наталья Вадимовна , Вандышев Михаил Николаевич , Прямикова Елена Викторовна
Published: October 2019

На материале трех исследовательских проектов анализируется опыт применения go-along интервью в открытых и закрытых пространствах. Предлагается детализированная структура маршрутов go-along: начальная точка и следующий за ней пункт, состоявшиеся и несостоявшиеся дестинации, проходные места, конечный пункт. Четыре жанра go-along выделяются на пересечении, во-первых, города-для-других и города-для-себя, во-вторых — движения outdoor и indoor, а именно: «биографическое go-along», «экскурсия по городу», «экскурсия по музею», «антиэкскурсия по музею».

Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований, проект18-011-00456 А «Масштабирование социальной памяти поколений в городах «старой» и «новой» индустриальности».
Информационно-цифровое неравенство: поиски эффективных практик адаптации населения
Authors: Шиняева Ольга Викторовна , Полетаева Ольга Владимировна , Слепова Ольга Михайловна
Published: October 2019

Российское общество вступило в период динамичного внедрения цифровых технологий во все сферы жизни; в этих условиях информационно-цифровая активность из элементов профессиональной, образовательной, досуговой деятельности превратилась в критерий для определения места каждого гражданина на шкале освоения цифровых ресурсов. В данной статье анализируется поведение социальных групп с позиций адаптации к цифровым технологиям, а также с позиций состояния самой адаптивной ситуации — цифрового пространства в российских регионах, технологических и поведенческих критериев стратификации индивидов по шкале «онлайн — офлайн». Актуальность исследования адаптивных практик жителей российских регионов, их мотивации в процессе освоения конкретных цифровых технологий не вызывает сомнений в силу теоретической и практической значимости. Теоретическая часть статьи содержит классификацию адаптивных практик, их анализ с позиций эффективности в эпоху цифровизации; критерии и индикаторы измерения информационно-цифрового неравенства массовых пользователей. Эмпирическая часть статьи основана на данных авторского межрегионального исследования «Информационно-цифровое неравенство населения и способы его преодоления» (2018 г.); выборка анкетного опроса репрезентирует население Пензенской и Ульяновской областей, проживающее в населенных пунктах разных типов (крупные, средние, малые города, сельские поселения), имеющее разные возрастные и образовательные характеристики. Сравнение «цифровой» стратификации населения по разным профилям показало, что технологическая доступность онлайн-пространства в разных типах поселений российской провинции опережает мотивационно-поведенческую доступность. Барьеры освоения цифровых ресурсов носят мотивационный, когнитивный, экономический характер; они присутствуют во всех группах населения, но чаще — среди людей старших возрастных групп; жителей сёл и поселков, работников с начальным профессиональным образованием; бедных и малообеспеченных семей. Из всех типов адаптивных практик эффективны те, которые сопряжены с высоким уровнем позитивной мотивации, цифровой активности и грамотности; ядро эффективных адаптантов составляют молодые люди, женщины, жители крупных городов, предприниматели, специалисты с высшим образованием. В статье описаны стимулы повышения информационно-цифровой активности представителей разных типов социальной адаптации.

Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ). Грант №18-411-730009 «Информационно-цифровое неравенство и способы его преодоления в регионе».
Критический анализ зарубежных теорий экологического поведения
Authors: Ермолаева Полина Олеговна , Ермолаева Юлия Вячеславовна
Published: October 2019

На основе метаанализа более 100 статей авторы предприняли попытку критического анализа, сравнения и систематизации основных подходов и теорий, объясняющих изменения в экологическом поведении субъектов, которые слабо представлены в российской социально-экологической литературе. Для объяснения мотивов экологического поведения субъектов рассматриваются: теория активации нормы, теория запланированного действия, теория «ценности — убеждения — нормы», теория самовосприятия, подход «установки — поведение — контекст». Авторы пришли к выводу, что данные теории базируются на анализе схожих компонентов: установок, ценностей и поведения субъектов. Большинство этих теорий фокусируются на какой-то одной независимой переменной, через которую объясняются сложные процессы экологического поведения субъекта. Теория активации нормы объясняет, как на основе первичных экологических знаний и ценностей формируется норма, а далее — трансформируется в проэкологические практики. В отличие от нее, теория запланированного действия анализирует общественные формы контроля и взаимоотношения индивидов и социальных институтов в процессе формирования практик. Обе теории показывают, как общество оценивает действия субъектов, что впоследствии становится решающим фактором при формировании экопрактик. Теория «ценности — убеждения — нормы» направлена на анализ установок и норм субъекта, в зависимости от которых формируются разные модели экологической деятельности: экологический активизм, инвайронментализм в частной сфере, проэкологическое поведение на организационном уровне. Теория самовосприятия фокусируется на опыте участия субъекта в экологических практиках. Теория «установки — поведение — контекст» позволяет ученым строить многомерные модели по оценке уровня сформированности экологических практик субъектов на основе анализа множества переменных: инфраструктурных, институциональных, социально-экономических, демографических, ситуационных. В отличие от более ранних теорий, данный подход удачно интегрирует контекстуальные факторы в анализ разнообразной палитры экологических действий, объясняет причины, по которым субъекты с высоким уровнем экологических ценностей и установок имеют низкий уровень экологических практик.
Благодарность. Статья написана при поддержке гранта Президента РФ № МК-3338.2019.6 на тему «Построение качественной модели по оценке освоения россиянами новых форм цифрового городского участия в решении социально-экологических проблем и конфликтов».
О причинах и векторах международной образовательной миграции. Рец. на кн.: Brooks R., Waters J. (2011) Student Mobilities, Migration and the Internationalization of Higher Education. Palgrave McMillan, New York. 196 p.
Authors: Толстикова Анна Александровна
Published: October 2019

Материал не аннотирован.

Благодарность: Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, грант №17-33-00063 («Механизмы воспроизводства и флексибилизации индивидуальной жизненной колеи: российская молодежь в контексте ‘жесткой’ и ‘текучей’ современности»).
Computer-aided classification of small airways dysfunction using impulse oscillometric features: a children-focused review
Authors: Avila Nancy , Nazeran Homer , Gordillo Nelly , Meraz Erika , Gochicoa Laura
Published: October 2019

Background and objective

Spirometry, which is the most commonly used technique for asthma diagnosis, is often unsuitable for small children as it requires them to follow exact instructions and perform extreme inspiration and expiration maneuvers. In contrast, impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a child-friendly technique that could serve as an alternative pulmonary function test (PFT) for asthma diagnosis and control in children as it offers several advantages over spirometry. However, the complex test results of IOS may be difficult to be understood by practitioners due to its reliance on mechanical and electrical models of the human pulmonary system. Recognizing this reality, computer-aided decision systems could help to improve the utility of IOS. The main objective of this paper is to understand the current computer-aided classification research works on this topic.

Methods

This paper presents a methodological review of research works related to the computer-aided classification of peripheral airway obstruction using the IOS technique, which is focused on, but not limited to, asthmatic children. Publications that focused on computer-aided classification of asthma, peripheral dysfunction and/or small airway impairment (SAI) based on impulse oscillometric features were selected for this review.

Results

Out of the 34 articles that were identified using the selected scientific web databases and topic-related parameters, only eight met the eligibility criteria. The most relevant results of the articles reviewed are related to the performance of the different classifiers using static features which are solely based on the first pulmonary function testing measurements (IOS and spirometry). These results included an overall classifiers’ accuracy performance ranging from 42.24% to 98.61%.

Conclusion

There is still a great opportunity to improve the utility of IOS by developing more computer-aided robust classifiers, specifically for the asthmatic children population as the classification studies performed to date (1) are limited in number, (2) include features derived from tests that are not optimally suitable for children, (3) are solely bi-class (mostly asthma and non-asthma) and therefore fail to include different degrees of peripheral obstruction for disease prevention and control and (4) lack of validation in cases that focus on multi-class classification of the different degrees of peripheral airway obstruction.
Synthesis of radioiodinated carnosine for hepatotoxicity imaging induced by carbon tetrachloride and its biological assessment in rats
Authors: Challan Safaa B. , Marzook Fawzy A. , Massoud Ayman
Published: October 2019

The imaging of organs is very important in the field of diagnosis especially in case of liver diseases. In the present work, carnosine was successfully labeled with iodine-131 at room temperature in acidic medium using chloramine-T (Ch-T) as moderate oxidizing agent. The parameters affecting labeling of carnosine such as amount of oxidizing agent, amount of substrate, pH value of the reaction mixture, reaction temperature and reaction time, were investigated. The best conditions for formation of 131I-carnosine (131I-CAR) complex were 40 μg of chloramine-T (Ch-T), 75 μg of carnosine, pH 4 and 45 min reaction time at room temperature. The radiochemical yield for 131I-CAR complex was (91 ± 0.11) % at optimum conditions and the labeled complex was stable for 2 h after labeling process. Biodistribution study was achieved using three groups of rats (normal, treated by inactive carnosine and hepatotoxicity rats induced by CCl4). Hepatotoxicity of liver was evaluated using different biochemical markers such as ALT, AST and ALK.P. The 131I-CAR complex showed selective bio-localization in stomach and liver and its selectivity increases in acquired hepatotoxicity. The biological distribution indicates that the suitability of 131I-CAR as a potential hepatotoxicity imaging to detect hepatitis and medical prognosis.
Topological and networked visibility: Politics of seeing in the digital age
Authors: Martini Michele
Published: October 2019

Today, the convergence of video-based Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) is challenging centralized control over cultural topologies. Accordingly, this paper proposes a theoretical prism for the analysis of the sociopolitical impact of online audio-visual communication. More precisely, this study discusses how topological visibility (i.e. culture-based, highly centralized and spatially organized visibility structures) and networked visibility (i.e. occurrence-based, decentralized and network organized visibility structures) interact in today’s digital landscape. To this aim, four examples divided into two clusters will be discussed. The first cluster (i.e. Occupy Movement and BlackBerry Riots) will describe the functioning of topological visibility, while the second cluster (i.e. NO DAPL drone activism and Aleppo residents’ live-streaming) will illustrate how technology-enhanced mediability may create networked spaces of appearance. The paper concludes by arguing that networked visibility does not neutralize the relational nature of the human gaze but rather forces and expands the culturally-defined boundaries of its legitimate social existence.
Micromagnetic materials characterization using machine learning
Authors: Szielasko Klaus , Wolter Bernd , Tschuncky Ralf , Youssef Sargon
Published: October 2019

Micromagnetic materials characterization is a nondestructive means of predicting mechanical properties and stress of steel and iron products. The method is based on the circumstance that both mechanical and magnetic behaviour relate to microstructure over similar interaction mechanisms, which leads to characteristic correlations between mechanical and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The prediction of mechanical properties or stress from micromagnetic parameters represents an inverse problem commonly addressed by regression and classification approaches. Challenges for the industrial application of micromagnetic methods lie in the development of robust sensors, definition of significant features, and implementation of powerful machine learning algorithms for a reliable quantitative target value prediction by processing of the micromagnetic features. This contribution briefly explains the background of micromagnetics, describes the typical challenges experienced in practice and provides insight into latest progress in the application of machine learning to micromagnetic data.
Interaction of a Singular Surface with a Characteristic Shock in a Relaxing Gas with Dust Particles
Authors: Mittal Sheena , Jena Jasobanta
Published: October 2019

A system of hyperbolic differential equations outlining one-dimensional planar, cylindrical symmetric and spherical symmetric flow of a relaxing gas with dust particles is considered. Singular surface theory used to study different aspects of wave propagation and its culmination to the steepened form. The evolutionary behavior of the characteristic shock is studied. A particular solution of the governing system of equations is used to discuss the steepened wave form, characteristic shock and their interaction. The results of the interaction between the steepened wave front and the characteristic shock using the general theory of wave interaction are discussed. Also, the influence of relaxation and dust parameters on the steepened wave front, the formation of a characteristic shock, reflected and transmitted waves after interaction and a jump in shock acceleration are investigated.
Interactions of Drug Doxycycline Hyclate with Galactitol in Aqueous Solutions at Different Temperatures by Volumetric and Acoustic Methods
Authors: Lomesh Shashi Kant , Nathan Vikas , Bala Madhu , Kumar Inesh
Published: October 2019

The experimental values of density, ρ and speed of sound, u of doxycycline hyclate drug (0.002–0.014) mol kg−1 in water and (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4) mol kg−1 of aqueous galactitol solutions at temperatures T = (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K and at atmospheric pressure have been reported in the present communication. From the experimental values, various derived parameters such as apparent molar volume (Φ
V), apparent molar isentropic compression (Φ
K), limiting apparent molar volume (

Φ
v
o

$\phi_{\text{v}}^{\text{o}}$

), limiting apparent molar isentropic compression (

Φ
K
o

$\phi_{\text{K}}^{\text{o}}$

), limiting apparent molar volume of transfer (Δ

Φ
V
O

$\phi_{\text{V}}^{\text{O}}$

), limiting apparent molar isentropic compression of transfer (Δ

Φ
K
O

$\phi_{\text{K}}^{\text{O}}$

), limiting apparent molar expansibility (

Φ
E
o

$\phi_{\text{E}}^{\text{o}}$

), thermal expansion coefficient (α) and acoustic parameters like isentropic compressibility

(

κ
S

)

$({{\kappa}_{\text{S}}})$

, intermolecular free length (Lf), and specific acoustic impedance (Z) were calculated. The structure-making behaviour of DH in aqueous galactitol solution was determined on the basis of Hepler’s Equation i.e. on the basis of sign of

(

d
2

Φ
V
O

d
T

2

)

P

${\left({\frac{{{{\text{d}}^{2}}\phi_{\text{V}}^{\text{O}}}}{{{\text{d}}{{\text{T}}^{2}}}}}\right)_{\text{P}}}$

. The various derived parameters were utilised to interpret the molecular interactions i.e. solute–solute and solute–solvent existing in the studied system.
Aufkommender Elitismus auf Facebook: Eine Untersuchung Sozialer Abgrenzung bei
jungen Leuten
Authors: Glatzer Milan
Published: October 2019

Die vorliegende Untersuchung präsentiert eine empirische Untersuchung zu Geschmackspraktiken junger Menschen auf Facebook. Dies beinhaltet eine Untersuchung von Pierre Bourdieus These zur sozialen Abgrenzung, dargelegt in seinem Buch Die Feinen Unterschiede und dessen Anwendbarkeit in der heutigen Zeit. Es wird argumentiert, dass eine kantische Ästhetik als Leitprinzip für Praktiken „legitimen“ Geschmacks fungiert und damit Mechanismen der sozialen Distinktion im Bourdieusi'schen Sinne bestätigt. Das Papier argumentiert weiter, dass das Prinzip der kantischen Ästhetik insbesondere für die Darstellung kosmopolitischer Ästhetik unter jungen, gut ausgebildeten Menschen auf Facebook gilt. Auf diese Weise wird argumentiert, dass während der Feldbeobachtung Mechanismen der Legitimität, Konvertierbarkeit und Dominanz identifiziert wurden, welche die Zeitgenossenschaft des kulturellen Kapitals in einem digitalen Feld und Bourdieus These der sozialen Distinktion unterstützen.
Synchronization of Sensory Gamma Oscillations Promotes Multisensory Communication
Authors: Misselhorn Jonas , Schwab Bettina C. , Schneider Till R. , Engel Andreas K.
Published: October 2019

Rhythmic neuronal activity in the gamma range is a signature of cortical processing and its synchronization across distant sites has been proposed as a fundamental mechanism of network interactions. While this has been shown within sensory streams, we tested whether cross talk between the senses relies on similar mechanisms. Direct sensory interactions in humans (male and female) were studied with a visual–tactile amplitude matching paradigm. In this task, congruent stimuli are associated with behavioral benefits, which are proposed to be mediated by increased binding between sensory cortices through coherent gamma oscillations. We tested this hypothesis by applying 4-in-1 multi-electrode transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with 40 Hz over visual and somatosensory cortices. In phase stimulation (0°) was expected to strengthen binding and thereby enhance the congruence effect, while anti-phase (180°) stimulation was expected to have opposite effects. Gamma tACS was controlled by alpha (10 Hz) and sham stimulation, as well as by applying tACS unilaterally while visual–tactile stimuli were presented lateralized. Contrary to our expectations, gamma tACS over the relevant hemisphere delayed responses to congruent trials. Additionally, reanalysis of EEG data revealed decoupling of sensory gamma oscillations during congruent trials. We propose that gamma tACS prevented sensory decoupling and thereby limited the congruence effect. Together, our results favor the perspective that processing multisensory congruence involves corticocortical communication rather than feature binding. Furthermore, we found control stimulation over the irrelevant hemisphere to speed responses under alpha stimulation and to delay responses under gamma stimulation, consistent with the idea that contralateral alpha/gamma dynamics regulate cortical excitability.
The Effects of Acute Neonatal Pain on Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Juvenile Anxiety in a Rodent Model
Authors: Zuke Jared T. , Rice Makaela , Rudlong Jacob , Paquin Taylor , Russo Erica , Burman Michael A.
Published: October 2019

Premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be subjected to numerous painful procedures without analgesics. One necessary, though acutely painful, procedure is the use of heel lances to monitor blood composition. The current study examined the acute effects of neonatal pain on maternal behavior as well as amygdalar and hypothalamic activation, and the long-term effects of neonatal pain on later-life anxiety-like behavior, using a rodent model. Neonatal manipulations consisted of either painful needle pricks or non-painful tactile stimulation in subjects’ left plantar paw surface which occurred four times daily during the first week of life [postnatal day (PND)1–PND7]. Additionally, maternal behaviors in manipulated litters were compared against undisturbed litters via scoring of videotaped interactions to examine the long-term effects of pain on dam-pup interactions. Select subjects underwent neonatal brain collection (PND6) and fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and the immediate early gene c-fos. Other subjects were raised to juvenile age (PND24 and PND25) and underwent innate anxiety testing utilizing an elevated plus maze (EPM) protocol. FISH indicated that neonatal pain influenced amygdalar CRH and c-fos expression, predominately in males. No significant increase in c-fos or CRH expression was observed in the hypothalamus. Additionally, neonatal pain altered anxiety behaviors independent of sex, with neonatal pain subjects showing the highest frequency of exploratory behavior. Neonatal manipulations did not alter maternal behaviors. Overall, neonatal pain drives CRH expression and produces behavioral changes in anxiety that persist until the juvenile stage.
Epigenetic regulation in diabetic vascular complications
Authors: Jin Jiayu , Wang Xinhong , Zhi Xiuling , Meng Dan
Published: October 2019

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), accounts for a high percentage of mortality in diabetic patients. Endothelial dysfunction is a major causative event in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related vascular disease and the earliest symptom of vascular injury. Epigenetic modification plays a key role in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of both endothelial dysfunction and diabetes. Epigenetic alterations respond to the environment and mediate the ‘legacy effect’ of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia early in the disease despite thorough glycaemic control in a phenomenon called metabolic memory. Therefore, an understanding of the integrated system of different epigenetic mechanisms in DM and its vascular complications is urgently needed. This review summarizes aberrant epigenetic regulation under diabetic conditions, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Understanding the connections between these processes and DM may reveal a novel potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
Allopregnanolone reduces neuroendocrine response to acute stressful stimuli in sheep
Authors: Misztal Tomasz , Młotkowska Patrycja , Marciniak Elżbieta , Misztal Anna
Published: October 2019

The verified hypothesis assumed that centrally administered neurosteroid, allopregnanolone (AL), could affect basal and/or stress-induced activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in sheep. Four groups (n = 6 each) of luteal-phase sheep were intracerebroventricularly infused for 3 days with a vehicle without stress (control); a vehicle treated with stressful stimuli (isolation and partial movement restriction) on the third day; AL (4 × 15 µg/60 µL/30 min, at 30-min intervals) treated with stressful stimuli, and AL alone. Simultaneously, the push-pull perfusion of the infundibular nucleus/median eminence and plasma sample collection were performed. After the experiment, the sheep were killed to collect the hypothalamic and anterior pituitary (AP) tissues. Stressful stimuli evoked an increase in the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and AVP receptor (V1b) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the AP; the concentrations of perfusate CRH, and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol compared to controls. Conversely, the expression of the CRH receptor (CRHR1) mRNA in the AP was downregulated. AL decreased the expression of CRH and AVP mRNA in the PVN, and AVPRV1b and POMC mRNA in the AP in stressed sheep, compared to only stressed ones. There was also a reduction in perfusate CRH, and plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations. AL alone decreased the expression of CRHR1 mRNA in the AP, and plasma cortisol concentration at the beginning of the collection period compared to controls. In conclusion, AL may function centrally as a suppressor of HPA axis activity in stressed sheep.
Recombinant FSH glycoforms are bioactive in mouse preantral ovarian follicles
Authors: Simon Leah E , Liu Zhenghui , Bousfield George R , Kumar T Rajendra , Duncan Francesca E
Published: October 2019

Female reproductive aging is characterized by a rise in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels during peri-menopause. N-linked glycans are co-translationally attached to the Asn7 and Asn24 residues on the FSHβ subunit. Differences in the number of N-glycans on the FSHβ subunit result in distinct glycoforms: hypo-glycosylated (FSH21/18, glycans absent on either Asn24 or Asn7, respectively) or fully-glycosylated (FSH24, glycans present on both Asn7 and Asn24). The relative abundance of FSH glycoforms changes with advanced reproductive age, shifting from predominantly FSH21/18 in younger women to FSH24 in older women. Previous in vitro studies in granulosa cell lines and in vivo studies using Fshb-null mice showed these glycoforms elicit differential bioactivities. However, the direct effects of FSH glycoforms on the mouse ovarian follicle have not yet been determined. In this study, we isolated secondary follicles from pre-pubertal mice and treated them with 20- or 100 ng/mL purified recombinant FSH glycoforms for 1 h or 18–20 h. Analysis of phosphorylated PKA substrates showed that glycoforms were bioactive in follicles following 1-h treatment, although differential bioactivity was only observed with the 100 ng/mL dose. Treatment of follicles with 100 ng/mL of each glycoform also induced distinct expression patterns of FSH-responsive genes as assessed by qPCR, consistent with differential function. Our results, therefore, indicate that FSH glycoforms are bioactive in isolated murine follicles.
Policentralidade e mobilidade na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mello José André Villas Boas
Published: October 2019

O trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar as centralidades na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), tendo como base a perspectiva projetada no estudo de J. Schnoor e os dados de 2003 da matriz de Origem e Destino (OD). A análise teve como base os mapas e dados contidos no Plano Diretor de Transporte Urbano (PDTU) da RMRJ disponibilizados pela Secretaria Estadual de Transportes. Este estudo de base documental definiu limites – inferior e superior – das classes, intitulados eixos de centralidade e recorreu à otimização de Jenks, método de classificação de dados de quebras naturais, que utiliza um algoritmo iterativo que reduz a variância dentro dos grupos e maximiza a variância entre os diferentes grupos. O estudo possibilitou verificar que as centralidades da RMRJ não estão concentradas, que são baseadas em deslocamentos que não possuem padrão morfológico uniforme e que, as fragilidades nas conexões entre centro e periferia, constatam o modelo de monopolicentralidade proposto por A. Bertaud.
Evaluación del índice de sostenibilidad urbana. Aplicación para Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Valdivia Loro Arturo
Published: October 2019

Medir la sostenibilidad urbana es una labor de gran relevancia si de ella depende el desarrollo de la ciudad, por eso, la importancia de contar con un método que se aproxime a la realidad con el menor margen de error posible. El presente artículo tiene como fin evaluar el índice de sostenibilidad urbana y proponer una mejora en su método de cálculo. Para ello, se realiza una breve revisión en Scopus sobre la producción académica acerca de este tema. Luego se señalan las consecuencias teóricas evidenciadas tras la revisión y del uso del Índice de Desarrollo Humano como muestra de la insostenibilidad urbana, demarcando la importancia de contar con un instrumento adecuado para medir la sostenibilidad urbana. Posteriormente, se problematiza el caso peruano y se usa el ejemplo de Lima Metropolitana para explicar que el uso del promedio armónico es el más adecuado para calcular el índice de sostenibilidad urbana.
La integración paisajística en el crecimiento urbano. Transformaciones en la periferia platense
Authors: Birche Mariana Evelyn , Jensen Karina
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo propone estudiar y espacializar distintos grados de integración paisajística en la periferia del eje noroeste de la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina. Se pretende verificar que la configuración urbana actual, resultado del crecimiento del sector en las últimas décadas, no contribuye a lograr una integración del territorio en tanto que paisaje. El abordaje metodológico presenta dos instancias principales: la primera combina el relevamiento de la estructura y la configuración urbana con los usos del suelo y el nivel de consolidación del tejido urbano. La segunda incorpora las cuestiones paisajísticas y determina el nivel de integración paisajística a partir de la composición de las diferentes piezas urbanas en uno de los sectores con mayor crecimiento del partido.
Vila operária Maria Zélia: cicatriz urbana
Authors: Soukef Junior Antonio , Busnardo-Filho Antonio , Napoleon Degreas Helena
Published: October 2019

Este artigo pretende mostrar como as vilas operárias da cidade de São Paulo se tornaram hoje cicatrizes urbanas uma vez que o rápido e agressivo processo de evolução da cidade fez desaparecer os elementos que compunham a paisagem histórica da cidade, como as lembranças de outros tempos, os registros de diferentes formas de pensar, ou ainda outras percepções estéticas elementos que tiveram o mérito de construir todo um arcabouço cultural que direcionaram comportamentos urbanos hoje completamente desaparecidos e que transformaram suas áreas de implantação em locais degradados tanto em sua forma física, moral e urbanística. Como consequência, os fragmentos ainda existentes podem até ser objeto de preservação, porém sem se constituir, verdadeiramente, em um patrimônio ambiental urbano. Como referência, cita-se o caso da Vila Maria Zélia.
Sensitivity to herbicides of two spring forage pea cultivars
Authors: Ivanov S. , Dimitrova M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. An important element of spring pea growing technology is weed control as the crop is highly sensitive to them, especially in the early stages of its development. The use of various herbicide preparations with a diverse mechanism and spectrum of action, changes in weed associations under the influence of various factors, as well as the selection of new varieties necessitates a constant study of the problem of the efficacy of herbicide preparations and the sensitivity of varieties to them. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sensitivity of two cultivars of spring forage pea to different herbicide preparations. During the period 2006-2008 in the village of Lyubenova mahala, Stara Zagora region, a three-factor field experiment was conducted by the fractional parcel method in four replications and size of the harvest plot 10m2. Factor A includes cultivars of spring peas, factor B – herbicide variants, factor C – doses of herbicides. It has been proven that the plants of both varieties, Pickardi and Amitie, are killed by 2.4 D, both in single and double dose. The highest average plant height was recorded in the Amitie cultivar treated with Basagran 600 SL herbicide at the double dose (3.0 L/ha). The highest were the values of the parameter number of beans per plant obtained in the Amitie cultivar treated with Basagran 600 SL and Pivot 100 SL – 0.8 L/ha, in the soil. A statistically proven highest average value of the parameter seed mass per plant was obtained in the Amitie variety treated with the Basagran 600 SL herbicide (12.667g) and the lowest – in Pickardi with the herbicide Pivot (10.330g).
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade neonatal no Estado de Goiás de 2005 a 2015
Authors: Guerra Heloisa Silva , Pires Bruna Abdo , Da Silva Heloisa Rodrigues Soares , De Assis Larissa Mercadante , De Azevedo Luisa Sousa Eleutério , Meirelles Nathalya Chaves
Published: October 2019

A mortalidade neonatal é definida como o óbito que ocorre nas quatro primeiras semanas de vida. Esse coeficiente é subdividido em mortalidade neonatal precoce, quando ocorre até o sexto dia de vida, e tardia, quando ocorre a partir do 7° dia de vida. É um importante indicador de situação da população usado para planejar e desenvolver as políticas públicas de saúde. Este é um estudo descritivo epidemiológico, que teve o objetivo de analisar as principais causas que contribuem para os óbitos neonatais considerados evitáveis por adequada atenção ao recém nascido no estado de Goiás no período de 2005 a 2015. Para tal, foram utilizados informações coletadas do banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), via Sistema  de  Informação  de Mortalidade (SIM). Os resultados apresentados neste estudo evidenciam que a taxa de mortalidade infantil no estado de Goiás tem diminuído, mas ainda constitui um problema de saúde, necessitando de ampliação do acesso aos serviços de pré-natal e acompanhamento puerperal da gestante.
Avaliação da adesão, qualidade e aceitabilidade da alimentação escolar entre os alunos das Escolas Municipais de Três Pontas-MG
Authors: Daniel Marina Martins , Moreira Daniele Caroline Faria
Published: October 2019

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é caracterizado como a política pública de maior longevidade do Brasil na área de segurança alimentar e nutricional, que tem como objetivo contribuir para o crescimento, desenvolvimento e formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis durante a permanência dos alunos no âmbito escolar. A aceitação pelos alunos é um fator determinante para qualidade do serviço prestado pelas escolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a adesão, frequência, aceitabilidade e qualidade da alimentação escolar. A pesquisa foi realizada nas escolas municipais de Três Pontas-MG. Foram avaliadas a adesão, frequência e aceitação de 271 escolares dos 3º e 4º anos do ensino fundamental. Foram constatadas adesão e aceitabilidade de 90,78% e 97% respectivamente, sendo consideradas satisfatórias, foi constatado que mais da metade dos escolares consomem diariamente a refeição ofertada por sua escola. Os cardápios analisados estavam adequados, oferecendo os alimentos recomendados segundo o método Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio Escolar (AQPC Escola), com exceção da oferta de leite e derivados e frutas.
Raft-forming system for pantoprazole and domperidone delivery: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Abbas Ghulam , Shah Shahid , Zaman Muhammad , Rasul Akhtar , Majeed Abdul , Khan Sajid Mehmood , Ahmed Muhammad Masood
Published: October 2019

The raft is an emerging drug delivery system that not only provides rapid relief from reflux disorders, but also sustains drug release. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize raft-forming bilayer tablets in which pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate (PSS) was targeted at sustained release and domperidone maleate (DM) was used to obtain an immediate-release effect and perform pharmacokinetic studies. Tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. Rafts were characterized in terms of strength, weight, volume, resilience, acid-neutralizing capacity, floating lag time and total floating time. Dissolution studies were performed using simulated gastric fluid with pH 1·2. Compatibility were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Percentage release of the optimized R7 formulation was 94% for PSS and 98% for DM. First-order release kinetics were followed and a non-Fickian diffusion was observed; the value of n was greater than 0·7 in the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. FTIR and DSC studies showed chemical and thermal stability between the drug and polymers. C max values of the test and reference formulations of PSS were 46·080 ± 0·567, 46·350 ± 0·507 and DM were 14·090 ± 1·678 and 10·560 ± 1·098 μg/ml, respectively.
Electrochemical characteristic analysis of corrosion of coated steel bars in magnesium oxychloride concrete
Authors: Wen Shao-yong , Qiao Hong-xia , Wang Peng-hui , Yang Tian-xia , Yang Zhen-qing
Published: October 2019

In view of the service life of structural buildings of reinforced magnesium oxychloride concrete in western saline soil and the corrosion of chlorine ion content of magnesium oxychloride cement on steel bars, coatings are used to alleviate the degree of corrosion in different environments. The open-circuit potential, polarization resistance and corrosion current density of coated and bare steel bars in different environments were analyzed using a Z350 electrochemical workstation. The products were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction microtests. The tests showed that an zincite (XMT) coating can protect steel bars from corrosion under different environments. The corrosion current densities of coated steel in sulfate, chloride and water were 5·26, 2·33 and 2·86% of that of bare steel. The average value of the polarization resistance of the coated steel bars was about five times that of the bare steel bars. There were loose porous layers and massive corrosion on the bare steel surface, while the surface of the coated steel had only pitting corrosion. Therefore, the anticorrosion effect of the XMT coating on steel bars in magnesium oxychloride concrete was obtained, so that concrete with magnesium oxychloride-coated reinforcement has better application prospects in saline soil.
Metro emergency resource distribution model
Authors: Yang Zhijie
Published: October 2019

A novel station-level vulnerability algorithm that takes both passenger flow and network topology into account to reveal critical stations in a metro network is proposed. A vulnerability-based emergency resource distribution model (V-ERDM) is proposed in which a given metro station's vulnerability is measured by a combined index of network topology and passenger demand. The paper compares the proposed V-ERDM with a coverage-oriented model (i.e. a similar model without the vulnerability measure) to evaluate its performance. The models were implemented on two Chinese metro networks (Shaoxing and Shanghai), and these applications validated the feasibility of the proposed models. The unique contributions of this work are two-fold: network vulnerability in a metro system based on the characteristics of the metro network is proposed and the paper introduces a vulnerability index into the emergency resource distribution problem.
Performance and Heat Release Rate of a Diesel Engine using Sunflower Methyl Esters and Diesel Fuel Blends in experimental comparison
Authors: SAFA Aykut
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel fuels are
among the leading renewable alternative fuels, available to implement on diesel
engines simply. Testing biodiesel fuels on engines, results similar to nominal
engine performance data are reported in the literature, since having chemical
properties very close to diesel fuel. Methyl/Ethyl esters (Biodiesel fuels), of
various oils extracted from vegetables or animals, are used by many researchers
on various types of engines and for various testing conditions. In the study,
effects of sunflower oil methyl esters on engine performance, heat release rate
and indicated engine parameters are investigated experimentally on a single
cylinder, DI Diesel engine. Tests are performed with diesel fuel and B50 blend
fuel, consisting of 50% diesel and 50% biodiesel, fuels at full load condition
and at different speeds. Engine brake torque, brake power, brake specific fuel
consumption, brake thermal efficiency, heat release rate, and indicated engine
parameters are calculated from test data, and the results obtained using diesel
fuel and B50 blend fuel are compared. Although some worsening on performance
data and heat release rate on B50 side, results are very close to each other.
La Universidad Confesional y los Nuevos Modelos de Universidades: ¿Es Posible Mantener la Identidad?
Authors: Gregorutti Gustavo
Published: October 2019

Este estudio presenta la relación dinámica que se da entre las diversas concepciones misionales y su impacto sobre los modelos universitarios. El sobredimensionamiento del paradigma de producción de conocimiento para la universidad crea un desbalance educativo. La universidad confesional puede contribuir con sus características a una oferta educativa que incluya las tres misiones imperantes pero agregando, en esta interacción, el surgimiento de la cuarta misión como un aporte a una formación más completa. Este nuevo propósito misional, no solo sirve para la universidad confesional dado que incluye el fomento de la sabiduría, sino que también puede ser de utilidad a la institución laica. Hacia el final, la discusión se orienta a algunas posibles problemáticas para generar un modelo universitario más balanceado.
Maestros, ideas y lecturas que cambiaron el pensamiento de Charles Robert Darwin
Authors: Carlos Priora Juan
Published: October 2019

En este ensayo nos proponemos exponer quiénes fueron los maestros, qué lecturas, ideas y qué otras circunstancias impactaron, definidamente, sobre la estructura mental de Darwin, al punto de hacerle abandonar algunas ideas y adoptar otras. Al hablar de Charles Darwin, nos ocuparemos de sus ancestros, sus estudios, sus maestros, sus amistades, sus lecturas y las dudas que lo acuciaron durante su existencia. En síntesis, de todo ese bagaje de experiencias que formó y transformó su pensamiento, al punto de producir una obra que revolucionó al mundo.
Ediciones en español de La Venida del Mesías en gloria y magestad de Manuel de Lacunza
Authors: Gelabert Santané Ramón Carles
Published: October 2019

Antes incluso de que Manuel de Lacunza acabara de redactar el texto de La Venida del Mesías en gloria y magestad, el libro ya circulaba en Italia, España e incluso en América del Sur bajo la forma de extractos más o menos auténticos, no obstante, las ediciones impresas todas ellas son póstumas al autor. El impacto de la obra de Lacunza y el deseo de los lectores de disponer del texto, impulsó las distintas ediciones de la obra de Lacunza en español, nueve ediciones según Alfred-Félix Vaucher, y que en nuestra recopilación bibliográfica hemos podido constatar. Las ediciones impresas son: dos en el año 1812 impresas en España, una terceraedición, casi idéntica a la primera, impresa en 1815 en España, una cuarta edición en 1816 en Londres, una quinta edición en 1821 en Puebla, México, en 1824 en México se imprime una sexta edición, tan solo un año más tarde, en 1825, aparece una séptima edición también en México, ese mismo año en París ve la luz unaoctava edición, y la novena y última edición en castellano, y considerada la mejor, se edita en la ciudad de Londres en 1826. En apenas quince años nueve ediciones en español de una obra teológica que sustenta el milenarismo, en una época de intolerancia religiosa, permite sustentar que La venida del Mesías en gloria ymajestad fue un auténtico bestseller con un impacto, en el pensamiento religioso bíblico en su época, de una magnitud que hoy se nos escapa.
Sociabilidad de los sectores populares en la ciudad de Chillán entre los años 1869-1900
Authors: Parada Ulloa Marcos
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar los espacios de sociabilidad de los sectores populares en la ciudad de Chillán entre los años 1869-1900, a partir de la fundación de la Sociedad de Artesanos La Unión de Chillán y los discursos identitarios que se produjeron a partir de las relaciones entre los distintos sectoresde la sociedad.
Efecto del videojuego “Blue Sky” para el aprendizaje del manejo de residuos sólidos en niños del nivel primario
Authors: Pérez Rivera Jéssica , Pérez Suárez Joel
Published: October 2019

La presente investigación se desarrolla en la Institución Educativa José de San Martín, en el departamento de San Martín, Perú. El objetivo planteado fue determinar el efecto del videojuego “Blue Sky” para mejorar el aprendizaje del manejo de residuos sólidos en niños del nivel primario. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 36 niños del quinto grado A y B; 17, de ellos (5º A), formó el grupo control y los 19 restantes (5º B), el grupo experimental. Al grupo control se capacitó sobre el manejo de residuos sólidos empleando diapositivas y vídeos motivacionales, para el grupo experimental se incorporó el videojuego “Blue Sky” desarrollado en la investigación. El diseño fue cuasi experimental, ya que se tomaron dos grupos intactos, con pre y post test. Los resultados, a un nivel de significancia de 0.05, indican que hubo diferencias significativas entre el pre y post test (p = .00), sin embargo, al comparar los grupos control y experimental, la diferencia de medias es 1.7 superior para el grupo experimental, no obstante la prueba t de student indica que esta diferencia no es significativa (p = 0.08). Concluimos que el beneficio, del empleo del videojuego, radica en la motivación de los niños para el aprendizaje del manejo de residuos sólidos.
La familia, factor inductor del uso indebido de drogas en la adolescencia
Authors: Gutiérrez Daniel , Hernández Meléndrez Digna Edelsys
Published: October 2019

Los problemas del uso indebido de drogas y de la conducta adictiva han adquirido un creciente predominio en todo el mundo desde mediados de la década de 1960. En Argentina las estadísticas muestran un incremento del 30% en el uso de sustancias adictivas, y un 50% en el uso de alcohol en jóvenes entre 16 y 25 años. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la relación del consumo de tabaco y alcohol en la familia como factor inductor del uso indebido de drogas en los adolescentes. Esta investigación descriptiva realizó una encuesta a 469 adolescentes en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Entre los resultados se encontró que en los adolescentes existe un consumo significativo de tabaco y alcohol, con una frecuencia diaria y semanal importante. Se concluye que la conducta de consumo de la familia facilita la iniciación de los adolescentes por imitación.
La cultura organizacional en el contexto de la globalización
Authors: Niño de Guzmán Miranda Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la cultura organizacional dentro del contexto de la globalización económica actual. Para esto, se hace una revisión de conceptos fundamentales como: cultura, cultura organizacional, orientación de las empresas, empresa como agente social, responsabilidad social empresarial y la globalización. Se concluye que las organizaciones tienen el desafío de brindar valor agregado claramente distinguible a sus clientes para que estos ayuden a mantenerlas vigentes.