bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representation of Social Actor in the News Reporting of Aljazeera Arabic and BBC Arabic on Gaza War Oct 7, 2023: Theo van Leeuwen’s Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Atikurrahman Moh
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This article discusses the news coverage of the Gaza conflict presented in Arabic. News narratives are understood as ideological, political, non-neutral discourse practices and so on. This study is a critical discourse analysis of news from two mainstream news agencies representing the Middle East (Al-Jazeera Arabic) and the West (BBC Arabic) regarding the war that has been going on since October 7, 2023. The paradigm used in this study is socio-semantics initiated by Theo van Leeweun. News narratives, for van Leeweun, are a field for social actors to seize the public discourse stage. There are two main strategies called (a) exclusion and (b) inclusion that are always carried out by the editorial team in their journalistic work. The findings that can be concluded are that BBC Arabic, as a representation of Western society, tends to side with Israel and ignores Palestinian civilians. On the other hand, Al-Jazeera Arabic is more proportional (balanced) in telling the story of the events involving Palestine-Israel. Al-Jazeera Arabic is also more humanistic as seen from how they focus more on the weak side, namely the Gaza civilians who are the real victims of the war.Keywords: Gaza, BBC Arabic, Al-Jazeera Arabic, Critical Discourse Analysis, Theo van LeeweunAbstrak: Artikel ini membahas pemberitaan konflik Gaza yang disajikan dalam bahasa Arab. Narasi berita dipahami sebagai praktik wacana yang ideologis, politis, tidak netral dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis wacana kritis (critical discourse analysis) terhadap pemberitaan yang bersumber dari dua kantor berita arus utama yang mewakili Timur Tengah (Al-Jazeera Arabic) dan Barat (BBC Arabic) seputar perang yang berlangsung sejak 7 Oktober 2023 silam. Paradigma yang diteladani dalam studi ini adalah sosio-semantik yang digagas oleh Theo van Leeweun. Narasi berita, bagi van Leeweun, adalah medan aktor-aktor sosial merebut panggung publik wacana. Terdapat dua strategi utama yang disebut (a) eksklusi dan (b) inklusi yang senantiasa dilakukan oleh redaksi dalam kerja jurnalisme mereka. Temuan yang bisa disimpulkan BBC Arabic, sebagai representasi masyarakat Barat cenderung berpihak ke Israel dan mengabaikan warga sipil Palestina. Sebaliknya, Al-Jazeera Arabic lebih proposional (berimbang) dalam mengisahkan peristiwa yang melibatkan Palestina-Israel tersebut. Al-Jazeera Arabic juga lebih humanis dilihat dari bagaimana mereka lebih menitikberatkan pada pihak yang lemah, yakni masyarkat sipil Gaza yang menjadi korban sesungguhnya dari perang tersebut.Kata Kunci: Gaza, BBC Arabic, Al-Jazeera Arabic, Analisis Wacana Kritis, Theo van Leeweun
Controversy of Early Marriage Between Religious Doctrine and Customs in Minority Areas in Indonesia
Authors: Huzaimah Arne , Abdillah Muhammad , Tamudin M. , Holijah Holijah , Rohmawati Rohmawati , Sari Intan Permata
Published: January 2025

The early marriage controversy is a significant issue that affects people's views regarding marriage within the framework of Islamic religious doctrine and customs in Indonesia. This article examines how Islamic law adapts in response to socio-cultural changes, especially in regions with Muslim minority populations, which have mixed interpretations of the age of marriage. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through news and literature relevant to the keyword "Early marriage controversy in Indonesia." The analysis was carried out inductively to identify the forms, factors, and impacts of early marriage controversies on the lives of young couples, both from the perspective of health, quality of life, and religious and cultural norms. The results of the study show that this controversy reflects the challenges of integrating Islamic religious doctrine with local customary values, creating both positive and negative consequences for couples who marry young. In the context of Muslim minorities, this article recommends a flexible and responsive approach to Islamic law to socio-cultural dynamics, in order to achieve a balance between religious norms and the social needs of diverse communities.
Legal Relations of Contemporary Islamic Family: A Study of The Existence of Local Culture in Sambas, West Kalimantan
Authors: Asman Asman , Nilhakim Nilhakim , Kotyazhov Andrey V.
Published: January 2025

This research investigates marriage laws in Islam, aiming to explore the scientific knowledge of Islamic family law related to the local Sambas culture in marriage practices. The people of Sambas deeply intertwine their regional loyalties with local customary culture, particularly in the context of Muslim weddings. This study addresses whether Islamic marriage laws conflict with local cultural traditions, especially within Indonesia's framework of Islamic family law. The focus of this research examines how the implementation of Islamic marriage laws interacts with or conflicts with the local Sambas culture. The research employs a qualitative methodology that combines fieldwork and literature review. The empirical normative approach is designed to describe data related to contemporary Islamic family law legislation in the context of the local cultural axiology of Sambas, West Kalimantan. This approach systematically examines and explains the facts and characteristics of the subject in detail and depth. The researcher closely ties the research methods to the procedures, techniques, tools, and designs used throughout the study. The primary finding of this research underscores that culture is fundamentally a product of human intellect, comprising patterns, ways of thinking, emotions, and reactions shaped by and expressed through symbols created collectively by the Sambas community. The study identifies significant issues in the current legislative framework, where policymakers often prioritize intellectual subjectivity over human objectivity. As a result, emerging policies fail to address societal needs adequately. In response, the researcher catalogs various forms of local wisdom within Islamic communities in Sambas, proposing these as relevant methodologies for establishing laws that align with local culture.
Islamic Law and Local Traditions in Preventing Early Marriage in the Toraja Muslim Minority Community
Authors: Takdir Takdir , Halide Nirwana , Hardianto Hardianto , Rusli Muhammad , Erwin Erwin , De Vos Pierre
Published: January 2025

The enforcement of women's rights concerning the restriction of polygamy during the iddah period following divorce poses a significant challenge in Islamic family law, particularly among minority Muslim communities such as Tana Toraja. This issue reflects a broader tension between the principles of Islamic law and the influence of local cultural practices. Despite existing legal frameworks aimed at safeguarding women's rights, there remains a critical research gap in understanding how these frameworks operate in culturally distinct minority contexts. This study employs a comprehensive legal methodology, combining qualitative interviews with stakeholders from the local Religious Affairs Office, including religious leaders and legal practitioners, alongside document analysis of legal rulings, policies, and relevant literature. The findings reveal that local cultural norms often conflict with Islamic legal principles, exacerbated by limited legal awareness within the community and insufficient institutional enforcement mechanisms. These impediments hinder the effective application of Islamic family law and the protection of women's rights. To address these challenges, this study proposes two key strategies: (1) enhancing legal education programs tailored to the unique cultural contexts of minority Muslim communities and (2) strengthening oversight and enforcement mechanisms through collaboration among local authorities, religious leaders, and community organizations. By bridging the gap between Islamic legal principles and local cultural practices, these recommendations aim to promote a more inclusive and effective enforcement of women's rights within minority Muslim settings.
Political-Legal Strategies in Regulating Interfaith Marriage: An Analysis of Supreme Court Circular Letter in Indonesia
Authors: Solikhudin Muhammad , Meidina Ahmad Rezy , Zayyadi Ahmad , Faidati Ashima , Shufyansyah Ikhdan Gimas , Zain Muhammad Fuad , Faizah Nur
Published: January 2025

This article examines the political and legal dimensions underlying the issuance of Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 2 of 2023, which addresses the issue of interfaith marriages in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach employing doctrinal and socio-legal analysis, this study explores this policy's legislative intent, judicial implications, and broader societal impacts. The findings reveal that SEMA No. 2 of 2023 represents a strategic political-legal maneuver by the Indonesian judiciary to navigate the tension between religious norms, constitutional rights, and societal pluralism. While the circular aims to harmonize Islamic family law with Indonesia’s pluralistic legal framework, it has also sparked debates regarding its alignment with fundamental human rights principles and practical implications for legal certainty. This study contributes to the discourse on interfaith marriage regulation by offering a critical perspective on how judicial policies reflect and shape the broader political-legal landscape. The article concludes that SEMA No. 2 of 2023 is pivotal in balancing legal pluralism and social harmony and protecting religious and individual rights in Indonesia's dynamic legal system.
Known Group Validity of Assessment of Work Performance for Thai Homeless People
Authors: Thanapet Uthaikan , Ammawat Watthanaree , Rueankam Maliwan , Chatthong Winai , Khemthong Supalak
Published: January 2025

Background: Substance use and mental disorders are highly prevalent in Thai homeless people living with no mental health recovery. The lack of psychosocial occupational therapists may be one huge problem for none of the measurement outcomes for clinical utility. We aimed to determine the known-group validity of the Assessment of Work Performance (AWP) with good content and internal consistency reliability. Methods: Participants (N = 60) were recruited by screening with no cognitive impairment, no psychiatric symptoms, independent self-care, and on-the-job assignment at Nonthaburi’s destitute home. Mann–Whitney U tests firstly found a significant difference in process skills between males and females (p < .05). Data analysis of the ceiling effect was then conducted to design using cleaned samples (N = 22), and the Mann–Whitney U tests secondly found a significant difference in communication skills between males and females (p < .05). Results: There were no associations between the frequency of genders and substance abusers were computed using cross-tabulation (N = 60 versus N = 22). Besides a corrected sample, natural contexts of too easy job selection, no preparatory of supported employment, and non-purposeful living activities may be confounding factors of avolition, poor habit, and inactive life roles without wellness at the end of life. Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest a useful AWP with good known-group validity for measuring outcomes among vulnerable people and describing how to improve motor, process, and interactive communication skills based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) in occupational therapists and Mental Health Recovery (MHR) workers.
Relevant Advances in Concept Learning Since 2010: Basic Viewpoints
Authors: Zhong WANG
Published: January 2025

This article presents the main framework of relevant advances in concept learning since 2010, covering topics in cognitive and neuroscience. This architecture mainly outlines the basic viewpoints on how people learn concepts, without involving research methods (i.e. the technical means to obtain these basic viewpoints).
A Neuroeducational model for Improving Second Language Acquisition in Late Learners
Authors: Yusuf Nermin
Published: January 2025

It is widely documented that L2 learners, particularly late learners, find difficulties in acquiring and appropriately using L2 in a comparable proficiency to L1 (S. Segalowitz et al., 1998). It has further been documented that even advanced learners may face difficulties in producing target-like word combinations and phrases (Yusuf, 2017). To account for these difficulties and to facilitate L2 acquisition, this research proposes a neuroeducational model (LIRRA) for improving L2 proficiency in late learners. The neuroeducational model rests primarily on five key brain-adaptive features as evidenced in the literature viz. exposure to L2 lexical phrases, implicit learning of L2, reiterative exposure to L2 phrases, a rewarding/motivating learning environment, and an attentional-stimulating learning setting. From this perspective, this paper first introduces neuroeducation; then sheds light on some of the misconceptions pertaining to L2 learning particularly for late learners. Following this, the paper provides in-depth illustration of the brain adaptive features and provides the rationale behind proposing a neuroeducational model on the premise thereof. Furthermore, this paper argues in support of the integration of this neuroeducational model in neuroeducation programs for L2 acquisition in late learners and provides recommendations therein.
The Theory of Constructed Emotion: More Than a Feeling
Authors: Barrett Lisa feldman
Published: January 2025

A recently published paper by van Heijst, Kret and Ploeger (2024) attempts to reconcile tworesearch traditions in the science of emotion — basic emotion theory and the theory of constructedemotion — by suggesting that the former explains emotions as bioregulatory states of the bodywhereas the latter explains feelings that arise from those state changes. This bifurcation of emotioninto objective physiological states and subjective feeling involves three misleading simplificationsthat fundamentally misrepresent the theory of constructed emotion. Our commentary identifiesthese misleading simplifications and the resulting factual errors, empirical oversights, andevolutionary oversimplifications. We then discuss why such errors will continue to arise untilscientists realize that the two theories are intrinsically irreconcilable. They rest on incommensurateassumptions and require different methods of evaluation. Only by directly considering thesedifferences will these research silos in the science of emotion finally dissolve, speeding theaccumulation of trustworthy scientific knowledge about emotion that is usable in the real world.
Cosmological Special Theory of Relativity, Cosmological Quantum Physics, Cosmological Uncertainty Principles, Cosmological General Theory of Relativity-II
Authors: Yi Sangwha
Published: January 2025

In cosmological special relativity theory, we study Maxwell equations, electromagnetic wave equations and functions. In the cosmological special theory of relativity, we study energy-momentum relations, the Klein-Gordon equation and wave functions. If we solve the Klein-Gordon equation, we obtain the Yukawa potential in the cosmological inertial frame. We derive the Schrodinger equation from Klein-Gordon free particle’s wave function in the cosmological special theory of relativity. We derive the uncertainty principle in cosmological quantum mechanics in cosmological special relativity theory. The Dirac equation is a one order wave equation. The wave function is used as a probability amplitude in quantum mechanics. We derive the Dirac equation from the wave function, Type A in the cosmological inertial frame. The Dirac equation satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation in the cosmological inertial frame. We found equations of complex scalar fields and electromagnetic fields on the interaction of complex scalar fields and electromagnetic fields in Klein-Gordon-Maxwell theory from Type A of the wave function and Type B of the expanded distance in the cosmological inertial frame. In the cosmological special theory of relativity, we quantized the Klein-Gordon scalar field. We treat the Lagrangian density and Hamiltonian in a quantized Klein-Gordon scalar field. We address the particle’s force and kinetic energy in the cosmological special theory of relativity. In the expanded universe, we found the gravity field equation and solution. We found the Schwarzschild solution and Kerr-Newman solution in an expanded universe. Hence, we found a new general relativity theory-the Cosmological General Theory of Relativity (CGTR).
Identifying victims and types of Gender Based Violence among survivors visiting One-Stop Crisis Management Center(OCMC) of Bharatpur Hospital
Authors: Pariyar Jewan , Lamichanne Bigyan , Agrahari Mahendra Kumar , Sah Kamlesh Kumar , Poudel Yubraj , Shah Nischal , Upadhya Hari Prassad
Published: January 2025

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant global issue that affects individuals across various age groups, genders, and ethnicities. In Nepal, the healthcare system plays a crucial role in providing immediate support to survivors of GBV, particularly through specialized services like One-Stop Crisis Management Centers (OCMC).
Method: A retrospective cross sectional study conducted in Bharatpur Hospital from fiscal year 2076/77 to 2078-79 among 695 survivors. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel tool.
Result: The study revealed a predominance of female survivors (98.99%) and a significant representation from the 19-49 years age group (44.46%). The most common forms of violence were rape (45.32%), followed by attempted rape (12.23%) and physical assault (12.09%). The majority of referrals came from police sources (33.81%).
Conclusion: This study revealed the critical role of One-Stop Crisis Management Centers in providing comprehensive care to survivors of gender-based violence. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that address the specific needs of different demographic groups, particularly marginalized ethnic communities and female survivors.
A comprehensive review of two-phase anaerobic digestion for organic fraction of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Dhakal Subash , Pallawi Sharma  , Anish Ghimire  , Bikash Adhikari  , Bhola Thapa
Published: January 2025

Managing municipal solid waste (MSW) is becoming a more pressing global issue that requires creative and long-lasting solutions due to population expansion and changing consumption habits. Given its capacity to transform organic waste into useful resources like biogas and fertilizers, anaerobic digestion (AD) presents a viable solution to the urgent problems related to waste management in this context. This study investigates the potential of AD, and more specifically the two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) process, as a game-changing technique for the treatment of organic fraction municipal solid waste (OFMSW).  The efficiency of TSAD is thoroughly examined in this study, which takes into account a number of variables including temperature, pH, solid retention time, hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, and carbon to nitrogen ratio. Though TSAD is a promising approach, there is still a significant knowledge gap about its stability, ideal operating parameters, and widespread application, especially when it comes to MSW management. The study highlights the necessity for more investigation to close this knowledge gap and realize TSAD's full promise for handling the difficulties involved in energy production and municipal waste treatment.
Analysis of the concentration of heavy metals and their vehicle emission in urban road dust of Kathmandu valley
Authors: Bikram Kumar Das  , Ram Kumar Sharma  , Madhav Narayan Shrestha  , Basant Lekhak
Published: January 2025

Greater environmental harm and health risks are associated with fine urban dust than with coarser urban dust. This study aims to analyze the heavy metal (Cu, Zn and Cd) concentration of heavy traffic road sections and compares it with medium traffic road sections with the same starting and end point for a study of how heavy metals from vehicles contribute to road dust (size <150µm). Twenty-seven dust samples of spatial and temporal vary were collected from the study area and were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with acetylene flame for zinc, copper, and Cadmium. Cadmium is not detected (<0.5 mg/kg) in any of the samples. The decreasing order of average concentration of zinc and copper in street dust is found from high traffic road to medium traffic roads and Low traffic roads. The ANOVA combined with IBM SPSS statistics software results at a significance level (α = 0.05) suggest that the mean average concentration of Zinc (Zn) of different road groups classified are significantly different (F3.402 = 5.75 and p < (α = 0.05)). The ANOVA results at the significance level (α = 0.05) of Copper (Cu) of the three road groups classified are not found to be significantly different (F3.402 = 2.446 and p > (α = 0.05)). Therefore it can be said that vehicle volume effect directly on the contribution of zinc in roadside dust but the Copper concentration seems to be influenced by some other contributors like construction activities, burning of coal.
Performance analysis of screw turbine with varying design parameters
Authors: Khanal Pawan , Duwadi Swarnim , Pandey Abhishek
Published: January 2025

Small hydropower plays a crucial role in sustainable development, especially in rural areas of developing countries, by offering a cost-effective, local energy solution. This project focuses on optimizing Archimedean Screw Turbines (ASTs) through the analysis of key design variables: flow rate, inclination angle, and blade count. Evaluating twelve AST configurations across two flow rates (0.153 m³/s and 0.210 m³/s), three inclination angles (22.5, 24.5, and 27 degrees), and two blade setups (two and three) under a 4m head, we discovered optimal performance metrics. The three-blade model at a 24.5-degree angle and 0.210 m³/s flow rate achieved the highest efficiency of 75.38% and a torque of 1694.834 Nm, outperforming the two-blade configurations. Thus, the ideal AST design for boosting small hydropower efficiency is a three-bladed turbine at a 0.210 m³/s flow rate and 24.5-degree inclination, heralding a significant advancement for renewable energy access in remote communities.
Analysis of Level of Service and Quality of Service of shared Bicycle lane of Lalitpur- A case study of Kupondole to Lagankhel road section
Authors: Sahan Sundar Baidya  , Gopal Gautam
Published: January 2025

As used in the all the major European countries, bicycle is the major transport vehicle used for urban mobility due to its environmental, social and economic benefits. The cycle lane of the Lalitpur was made as the shared cycle lane which prioritizes the cycle users first and then it can be shared by other vehicles as well. But this concept faced various criticisms as it is not considered safe, especially in the route of Lalitpur which accommodates large number of other traffic volume. In this case the performance measure of the shared cycle lane is necessary. This study uses Level of Service (LoS) and Quality of service (QoS) approach to evaluate the performance of the shared cycle lane. Empirical formula developed by Nayak [1] was used to calculate the LoS by collecting the necessary traffic volume data and other parameters and QoS analysis was done by collecting the perceptional data.
The LoS of Kumaripati and Lagankhel was found to be worst in comparison with the fairly similar LoS of other study areas. And by using the QoS approach, the variables such as road safety, network connectivity, traffic pollution, pavement surface, sign post, road marking, conflict due to parked cars and conflict due to bus stop were found to be the most significant ones in influencing the quality of service.
Energy intensity improvement potential of the commercial buildings in developing countries: A case study of Nepal
Authors: Shakya Shree Raj , Sah Janu Kumar , Bhujel Puja , Aryal Hricha , Bajracharya Tri Ratna , Bhandari Ramchandra , Subedi Subarna , Chaulagain Bibish
Published: January 2025

The need for building-related energy is increasing, mostly in developing countries where urbanization is taking place rapidly with ever-increasing demand in commercial and public services. Globally, energy efficiency is emphasized as a key strategy for addressing rising energy demand and decoupling energy from economic growth. In order to assess the existing status and potential for energy savings in developing nations like Nepal, we compared the energy intensity with and without biomass among Nepal, India, China, and Germany during 2000–2020. This study uses the typical service sector building, as case study, to examine the potential for building energy savings using various passive and active solutions. It explores the various energy efficient measures by simulating the building's energy system with OpenStudio-EnergyPlus. The bioclimatic chart was used to analyze climate factors and passive design strategies. The questionnaire survey was conducted with the occupants of the building. This study has identified energy-saving opportunities and their economic viability. Finally, the energy use intensity (EUI) of the project site was evaluated. The study's findings and methodologies used can be emulated during development of national standards for commercial buildings for Nepal and other countries promoting building energy efficiency.
A study on reducing energy consumption of residential building using shading devices in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Kandel Samikshya , Thapa Luna , Karn Abhishek , Babu Acharya Shital
Published: January 2025

Overall, around 40% of the world’s energy is consumed by the building sector. Energy consumption can be reduced by passive design strategies in the buildings. Among them, shading devices are one of the effective passive design strategies that can significantly reduce solar radiation and heat gain in buildings. This study explored the effects of different types of external shading devices for the reduction of energy consumption on a residential building located in Pokhara, Nepal, and proposed the optimal shading device based on computer simulations. This study uses Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 as a simulation tool. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the horizontal double inclined shading device is most effective in case of saving heating load which is 31.39 % lower than base case. And egg crate shading device is the effective one in case of cooling load annually which is 16.23% lower than the base case. For overall consideration of heating and cooling load annually, the most effective shading device is horizontal double inclined which is 12.37 % less than the base case. Even without shading devices, a west-facing orientation is the most efficient, indicating the significance of orientation in energy load management.
Soil-structure interaction analysis of well foundation
Authors: Ishwor Chandra Marahatta  , Sanjay Kumar Jha  , Bikash devkota
Published: January 2025

Well (caisson) foundation has been used in bridges for a long time to withstand the heavy lateral forces and moments. A better understanding of soil-caisson interaction can help to build a safe and economic well foundation. The behavior of caisson under various soil-structure interaction scenarios was investigated in this study. Different aspects of the well foundation like load-displacement relationship and variations in axial load capacity with varying parameters of soil and caisson were studied through numerical analyses. The results showed that the load-carrying capacity of the caisson increased with the improvement of soil properties such as Young’s modulus of elasticity (Es), cohesion (C), friction angle (ϕ), and Poission’s ratio (ν) whereas cohesion and friction angle greatly influenced the well capacity. Likewise, load carrying capacity increased with an increase in grip length and diameter of the well. However, caisson’s capacity increased in higher magnitude while increasing its diameter for a constant grip length than increasing grip length for a fixed diameter.
Transient response analysis of simply supported Pelton turbine during starting and shutdown
Authors: Chaudhary Bir Bahadur , Chhantyal Bikki , Luintel Mahesh Chandra
Published: January 2025

Variations in speed of shaft-disc systems is due to starting, shutdown and maneuver. Starting and shutdown of hydraulic turbine is the condition in which system is subjected to dynamic load causing transient excitation. Previously, study on transient response of shaft-disc system is done by experimental approach. So, mathematical model should be developed to define shaft-disc system for dynamic input. Development of a mathematical model for the study of vibration of a simply supported Pelton turbine under dynamic input is the main objective of this work. Mathematical model is developed based on rigid bearings, rigid disk and flexible shaft. As energy method is used in this work, total kinetic and potential energies of the shaft and disk are derived. By using assumed mode method, system’s energies are formulated. Formulated energies are used in Lagrange's equation of motion from which system's governing equation of motion is obtained. MATLAB program is developed to solve governing equation of motion which gives peak amplitude of 58.34µm and 115.87µm for starting and shutdown respectively. Solution from mathematical model is compared with simulated solution from ANSYS which gives variations of 2.35 % and 0.58 %.
Cost allocation for cross-border transmission lines in the BBIN sub-region using Game theory
Authors: Khem Gyanwali  , Ayshuma Gautam
Published: January 2025

The BBIN sub-region - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal - are witnessing a significant surge in electricity demand, accompanied by an uneven distribution of resources and consumption patterns across the region. Optimizing the unevenly distributed energy resources through a harmonized generation mix, tailored to the distinct load patterns and demands of individual nations, creates opportunities for enhanced electricity trade through multilateral cooperation. To facilitate this, the region has been conceptualized into four nodes connected by five interconnections: Bangladesh-Bhutan, Bangladesh-India, Bangladesh-Nepal, Bhutan-India, and India. While electricity trade has existed historically, a systematic approach to allocating the costs of cross-border transmission infrastructure has not been adopted. This study quantifies the benefits of regional electricity trade and proposes cost-sharing mechanisms using methodologies rooted in Game Theory, particularly the Shapley Value, alongside cooperative game theory, to ensure equitable cost distribution. A dynamic optimal power generation mix model reveals that the grand coalition - where all nations cooperate - is the most efficient configuration. In this scenario, India incurs the highest transmission line cost, reflective of its substantial size and electricity demand.
Energy storage systems in the context of Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Prabin , Bhatta Geeta , Karki Rashmi , Khatiwada Dilip , Lohani Sunil Prasad
Published: January 2025

Energy storage is essential for managing the reliability of renewable energy by responding to fluctuations of energy systems. With the dominance of hydropower, constituting 95% of Nepal's generation capacity, mostly by run-of-river, energy storage systems (ESS) are vital not only during dry seasons but also to address vulnerabilities of hydropower stations during the rainy season. Moreover, Nepal’s inadequate commitment to diversifying the energy mix, particularly with a focus on modern renewables along with effective energy storage solutions pose a severe threat to energy security of the country. This paper aims to analyze the distinctive characteristics of numerous ESS and their applicability in Nepal in terms of size, operation, cost and lifetime.  Based on a comprehensive literature review, it's evident that Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES), would be promising ESS for large-scale (MWh to GWh) and diurnal to seasonal use. This is due to higher round-trip efficiency (above 80%), lower capital cost per unit energy storage, and matured technology having strong competence in Nepal.  Nepal’s long experience in hydropower and having several on-river and over 2800 potential off-river PHES sites make PHES promising technology for energy independence and reliable energy system in Nepal.
Remittance Utilization and Its Impact on Rural Community of Nepal
Authors: Karki Prem Bahadur
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the emerging trends and major issues related to remittance inflows in Nepal, within the context of the broader global migration landscape. Nepal's reliance on remittance is a proof to the increasingly globalized nature of labor migration. The inflow of remittance has become a crucial component of Nepal's economy, contributing significantly to the nation's economic growth and stability. The objective of this study is to identify the flow of remittance and its utilization in the study area. Study is prepared on primary sources and descriptive design. The study is based on the quantitative nature. Out of 261 foreign labor migrants’ people, about one third people (32.5%) were sent money for remittance less than five lakhs per year and less than one percent (0.8%) people were sent more than twenty-five lakhs per year from foreign country. Majority of the households (34.7%) have been spent their remittance in household expenditure and only few (0.7%) households for health care and treatment. Migration improved quality of life and economic stability for 88% of migrant households, with 40% able to buy land, 32% access quality education, and 17.7% improving relationships. Over 80% of households saw an additional burden on women as a result of foreign labor migration, with 29.7% having difficulty caring for children and the elderly. Over 75.2% reported troubled children, a lack of supervision, family collapse, and loneliness, with 9.6% facing the extra stress of loneliness. Only 0.3% reported feeling lazy or uninterested in their task.
Government agencies and local government take effective action. Agriculture should be modernized and professionalized to reduce the rate of going foreign employment. Effective policy and strategy should be implemented for livelihood by the government of Nepal. As results we can reduce the problems and challenges which occur due to foreign employment
स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रमले विद्यार्थीको जीवनमा पारेको प्रभाव
Authors: पौडेल गंगाराम
Published: January 2025

स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रम स्थानीयतहमा नै निर्माण गरिन्छ, यसले स्थानीय ज्ञान, सीप, क्षमता र विकासलाई जोड दिन्छ । स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रमले अँगालेको विषयले आप्mनो क्षेत्रका ज्ञान सीप प्रदान गर्दछ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा इलाम नगरपालिकाले निर्माण गरेको स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रमले विद्यार्थीको अध्ययनमा पारेको प्रभावलाई हेरिएको छ । यस लेखमा नगरपालिका क्षेत्रभित्रका विद्यालयहरुमा अध्यापन गराइने विषयहरुमध्ये पर्यटन र विकाससँग सम्बन्धित विषयको पाठ्यक्रम निर्माण गरी लागु गरिएका विद्यालयहरुका विद्यार्थीहरुको शैक्षिक उपलब्धीको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यो अध्ययनमा इलाम नगरपालिका वार्ड नं ७ मा रहेको श्री आदर्श मा.वि.मा लागु गरि कक्षा ६,७ र ८ का विद्यार्थीले अध्ययन गरेको स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रमले पारेको प्रभाव विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । अध्ययनमा वर्णनात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचालाई प्रयोग गरी उद्देश्य पुरा गर्ने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ ।अध्ययनका लागि सूचना सम्वन्धित विद्यालयका प्रधानाध्यापक र विद्यार्थीहरुसँग प्रत्यक्ष कुराकानी, अन्तर्वार्ता, अवलोकन विधिबाट प्राथमिक स्रोतहरु तथा सम्वन्धित विद्यालय, नगर शिक्षा शाखा र सम्बन्धित कक्षाका पाठ्यपुस्तकहरुबाट द्धितीय स्रोतबाट तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । “पर्यटन र विकास” शीर्षकको पाठ्यक्रम निर्माण गरी इलाम नगरपालिकाले लागु गरेको र त्यसको अध्ययन पश्चात् विद्यार्थीमा देखिएको परिर्वतनको आँकलन गरिएको छ । स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रमले विद्यार्थीमा चेतना बढेको, साँस्कृतिक सामाजिकरुपमा चासो बढेको, समसामयिक विषयमा छलफलमा भागलिइ आप्mनो राय राख्न सक्ने भएको, कला संस्कृतिको संरक्षण आफैँले गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने चेतना विकास भएको अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ । स्थानीय तहभित्र रहेका धेरै विषयहरु महत्वपूर्ण हँुदाहँुदै तीविषयहरु ओझेलमा परेको देखिएको छ । दुर्गम क्षेत्रका कतिपय विषय केन्द्रीय पाठ्यक्रमले नसमेट्ने हुँदा स्थानीय पाठ्यक्रमले स्थान विशेष रुपमा समेटेको र यस्ता विषयले ठूलो परिवर्तन गरेको पाइयो । विद्यार्थीको जीवनमा मुख्य रुपमा आर्थिक, सामाजिक, नीतिगत, चेतनागत, साँस्कृतिक र भौगोलिक प्रभाव परेको अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।
Sistem Informasi Inventory Persediaan Barang Striping Motor Berbasis Web dengan Metode Prototype Pada Bengkel Ageng Motor
Authors: Fitriana Saghifa , Wicaksono Ageng , Nouvel Ahmad , Kristania Yustina Meisella
Published: January 2025

Information technology is currently experiencing very rapid development and following progress in all fields. Technological developments change the way information is spread quickly and easily. Forming an information system requires systematic processing to meet information needs. Ageng Motor Cilacap still checks inventory manually by the business owner. Data on incoming and outgoing goods is recorded using a form made by the business owner and accompanied by a receipt showing the number of buyers' orders. As a result of this problem, errors sometimes occur in inventory calculations as well as difficulties in recording and making reports on incoming and outgoing goods. With a good information system, it is hoped that the process of managing goods entering and leaving motorbike striping can be carried out more efficiently, accurately and quickly. This certainly brings many benefits to the business world, such as increasing productivity, saving time and costs, as well as increasing customer satisfaction. This research uses the prototype method of software development. Data collection used was interviews, observation and reference studies. The results of this research are the object of research regarding the incoming and outgoing goods inventory procedures that are applied.
Analisis Foto Instagram Publik Figur Politik Indonesia Melalui Pendekatan Structuralism Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Wibowo Ganjar , Sunuantari Manik , Soraya Iin , Gunawan Imsar
Published: January 2025

Media sosial adalah wadah untuk berkomunikasi dan berbagi aktivitas sehari-hari atau penting melalui tulisan atau foto. Instagram adalah salah satu platform jejaring sosial yang paling umum digunakan. Public figur tampaknya menjadi simbol bagi mereka. Apa yang mereka lakukan dapat dilihat di Instagram. Di Instagram, mereka memiliki banyak penggemar (mengikuti). Citra yang mereka bangun menggunakan Instagram didasarkan pada konsep diri yang mereka kembangkan melalui personal branding. Artikel ini mengulas dua akun Instagram public figure politik, yaitu Ganjar Pranowo (ganjar_pranowo), Ridwan Kamil (ridwankamil), berdasarkan karakter akun masing-masing dan bagaimana mereka menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai public figure politik melalui Instagram melalui berbagai aktivitas dan pola yang ditunjukkan melalui unggahan fotografi atau tulisan. Pembahasan ini menggunakan teori struktural konstruktif atau teori praktik sosial berdasarkan habitus, ranah, modal, dan kekerasan simbolik yang dikembangkan oleh Pierre Bourdieu. Dari artikel ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketika public figure politik muncul di media sosial, mereka membayangkan diri mereka sebagai public figur politik dan berusaha menampilkan diri mereka sebaik mungkin dengan menggunakan modal ekonomi, budaya, sosial, dan simbolik untuk tampil mendominasi. Selanjutnya, dampak pada akun public figure politik dapat digambarkan sebagai pelabelan masyarakat atas dominasi simbolik.
Marketing Public Relations Dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Konsumen Upnormal Coffee Roasters Rawamangun Jakarta
Authors: Khadafi Firman Muhamad
Published: January 2025

Perkembangan bisnis melalui sistem franchise di Indonesia mulai berkembang pesat. Sebagai sarana pemasaran dan distribusi, franchise atau waralaba adalah alternatif lain dari saluran tradisional milik perusahaan. Bisnis makanan (kuliner) merupakan salah satu industri yang saat ini sedang berkembang pesat dan mempunyai potensi pertumbuhan yang cukup signifikan. Warunk Upnormal merupakan bidang usaha yang bergerak di bidang kuliner yang saat ini membuka outlet yang mengusung konsep coffee roasters yang dinamakan Upnormal Coffee Roasters salah satunya terletak di Rawamangun Jakarta Timur. Dalam upaya meningkatkan jumlah konsumennya dan menarik perhatian masyarakat luas, Upnormal Coffee Roasters Rawamangun perlu melakukan strategi berupa program yang dapat menarik perhatian masyarakat untuk datang berkunjung. Salah satu strategi marketing tersebut yaitu Marketing Public Relations. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja strategi Marketing Public Relations Upnormal Coffee Roasters Rawamangun dalam meningkatkan jumlah konsumennya. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kontruktivis dan menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai dan manajemen dari Upnormal Coffee Roasters Rawamangun. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Konsep yang digunakan adalah konsep Marketing Public Relations. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Strategi Marketing Public Relations yang dilakukan Upnormal Coffee Roasters untuk meningkatkan jumlah konsumen yaitu dengan membuat program menarik, seperti Live Music, ExploRasa, Lucky Wheel dan Teman Belajar, Dengan adanya program-program tersebut merupakan strategi untuk menarik konsumen untuk dapat terus datang ke kafe Upnormal Coffee Roasters Rawamangun membuat jumlah konsumen terus bertambah.
Digital Public Relations PT Mulia Industrindo Tbk Dalam Mengelola Akun Instagram @muliaceramics
Authors: Fauzi Nabila Adzhana Putri Ariadi , Hakim Fadlan Rusman , Saputra Fadli , Kurniasari Ni Gusti Ayu Ketut
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the Digital Public Relations (PR) strategy implemented by PT Mulia Industrindo in managing Instagram social media. With the increasing development of technology and social media, companies need to have an effective PR strategy to build and maintain a positive image and interact with audiences directly. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with PT Mulia Industrindo's PR team, Instagram content analysis, and documentation. The research results show that PT Mulia Industrindo implements various strategies, such as structured content planning, consistent use of visuals, active interaction with followers, collaboration with influencers, and the use of social media analytics to measure performance. These strategies have proven effective in increasing user engagement, strengthening brand awareness, and supporting a company's marketing goals. This research provides practical insights for other companies looking to optimize their social media management through a strategic Digital PR approach.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Kantor Pusat Pt. BPR Bank Bantul
Authors: Natalia Ratna Ningrum  , Azizah Aizatun Nurhafizah  , Inayat Hanum Indriati  , Tri Siwi Nugrahani
Published: January 2025

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji stres kerja, lingkungan kerja, dan gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Kantor Pusat PT. BPR Bank Bantul.
Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan responden 80 karyawan. Metode sampling yang digukan yaitu sampel jenuh. Uji instrumen yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas dan uji realibiltas. Teknis analasisi data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji T, uji F, dan koefisien determinan (R2). Teknis analisis penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS 25.0 for windows.
Temuan: Hasil penelitian secara parsial (Uji t) menunjukkan stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dengan koefisien regresi -0,158 dan sig 0,035 < 0,05. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan koefisien regresi 0,312 dan sig 0,000 < 0,05.  Gaya Kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan koefisien regresi 0,697 dan sig 0,000 < 0,05.
Orisinalitas: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada konteks BPR Bantul
Pengaruh Growth Opportunity dan Net Working Capital Terhadap Cash Holding Industri Barang Konsumsi Tahun 2020-2023
Authors: Dian Dwiansyah Seftya , Ani Silvia  , Kusuma Maharani Novita
Published: January 2025

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh growth opportunity dan net working capital terhadap cash holding pada perusahaan industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2020-2023.
Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dari laporan keuangan tahunan yang dianalisis menggunakan data panel. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 34 perusahaan.
Temuan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa growth opportunity berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap cash holding. Sedangkan, net working capital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap cash holding.
Orisinalitas: Penelitian ini berfokus pada perusahaan industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2020-2023.
Keterbatasan Penelitian: Terdapat beberapa data laporan keuangan perusahaan yang tidak dapat diakses sehingga tidak bisa dimasukkan ke dalam sampel penelitian yang menyebabkan jumlah sampel data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menjadi terbatas. Selain itu, penelitian ini hanya fokus memeriksa pengaruh growth opportunity dan net working capital terhadap cash holding pada sektor industri barang konsumsi.
Implikasi Praktis: Perusahaan industri barang konsumsi diharapkan mempertahankan jumlah kas yang optimal sehingga dapat menyeimbangkan kebutuhan untuk mendukung peluang di masa depan dengan memastikan kelancaran operasional sehari-hari.
Comparing university students with different health education achievements in terms of body mass index
Authors: Obasuyi Osato Harriet
Published: January 2025

Health Education programme provides needed preparation of students which should build their personal competence towards avoidance of body mass index (BMI) problems. Therefore, the study compared university students with different health education achievements by mean BMI and determined if the achievements, gender, age range, and class level have significant interactions on mean BMI of the students. Descriptive survey was used and from 222, a sample of 87 Health Education students were purposively selected in the Department of Health, Safety and Environmental Education, University of Benin. A ‘BMI Scale’, a Xiaomi Mi Smart Scale 2 (Model: XMTZC04HM), a standardized measuring tape and the 2022/2023 Senate Approved 100, 200, 300 and 400 Levels Health Education Programme Results were used to collect data. Data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the BMI of university students with different Health Education achievements is possible normal weight with majority of the participants (54.0%), with the possible normal weight having a GPA of 2.40 – 3.49 while the least number of them (4.6%), had a GPA of 4.50 – 5.00. However, different Health Education achievements, gender, age range and class level had no interactions on mean BMI of the students at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, Health Education students should be encouraged by their lecturers to continuously apply knowledge of Health Education into healthy behaviours appropriate to maintain possible normal weight.