bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community forest management: Comparison of simulated production and financial returns from agarwood, tengkawang and rubber trees in West Kutai, Indonesia
Authors: LAHJIE ABUBAKAR M. , ISMINARTI ISMINARTI , SIMARANGKIR B.D.A.S. , KRISTININGRUM R. , RUSLIM YOSEP
Published: October 2018

Lahjie AM, Isminarti, Simarangkir BDAS, Kristiningrum, R, Ruslim Y. 2018. Community forest management: Comparison of simulated production and financial returns from agarwood, tengkawang and rubber trees in West Kutai, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 126-133. Research was conducted in planted forests of agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) and tengkawang (Shorea macrophylla) and in plantations of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in West Kutai District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The research aimed (i) to find out the productivity of agarwood and tengkawang trees in mixed plantings (ii) to measure their rate of development in order to estimate the maximum Mean Annual Increment (MAI) for agarwood and tengkawang and (iii) to carry out a comparison with natural rubber production of the investment feasibility of planted forests of these trees using a financial analysis of Pay Back Period, Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit/ Cost (B/C) Ratio and Internal rate of Return (IRR). The research was based on measurements carried out in plots, 0.25 ha in extent, selected by systematic random sampling from three model plantations. Plantation Model I was a combination of agarwood and tengkawang in one piece of land in which the agarwood trees were planted at a spacing of of 5m x 2.5m and the tengkawang tree were also planted at a spacing of 5m x 2.5m. This means that there were a total of 200 agarwood saplings and 200 tengkawang saplings in the plot. Model II was the combination of agarwood and tengkawang in one piece of land, in which 167 agarwood saplings were planted and 166 tengkawang saplings were planted in a different planting arrangement (at the planting distance of 5m x 3 m). Model III was rubber trees in an area of 0.25 ha with 119 saplings. The data for natural rubber were collected in series from the farmers. The measurement variables for agarwood and tenkawang included the diameter and height of trees using series measurement until they reached 30 years and then the results were simulated. The research findings showed that in Model I, agarwood was found to have higher maximum MAI while in Model II, tengkawang was found to have higher maximum MAI. This was the result of a silvicultural technique in which thinning, maintenance and intermediate harvest were carefully controlled. These two models were feasible for business because the values of their IRR were 14% and 13.3% respectively, while in Model III, rubber cultivation was not feasible for business because the value of its IRR was only 4.7%.
Vertical stratification of bird community in Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: DINANTI ROLISKA VIRGO , WINARNI NURUL LAKSMI , SUPRIATNA JATNA
Published: October 2018

Dinanti RV, Winarni NL, Supriatna J. 2018. Vertical stratification of bird community in Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 134-139. The complexity of heterogeneous strata can be used to determine the distribution of resources in bird communities. However, deforestation causes damage and may disturb the bird community in the forest. Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve in West Java, Indonesia is an example of degraded forest due to deforestation. Illegal logging in the area leads to approximately 7000 hectares of forest conversion into a plantation area. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis of the differences in the diversity of birds in each stratum of vegetation and the differences in the diversity of birds in forest and plantation. The study was conducted in March 2016. Point count method was used for bird surveys. The calculation of Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that forest had a higher diversity of birds (Hʹ = 3.09) than plantation (Hʹ = 2.78). Based on the rank abundance graph, each vegetation stratum had a different type of curve. The middle canopy layer had the highest bird abundance while the emergent and understory layers had the lowest abundance.
Nest existences and population of Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) at the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , NOORAHYA FATHIMAH , MEGANTARA ERRI N. , PARIKESIT PARIKESIT , HUSODO TEGUH
Published: October 2018

Withaningsih S, Noorahya F, Megantara EN, Parikesit, Husodo T. 2018. Nest existences and population of Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) at the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 153-162. Pangolin (Manis javanica) is one of the unique mammals found in Indonesia, which is categoryzed as protected species. However, the scientific information regarding with the population and distribution of this species is still low. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the total population, distribution, and potential threat to Pangolin in the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java. Study was conducted using three methods; direct observation (survey) of animal signs (nest, footprint, tail print, claw marks, and feed left over), camera traps placement, and semi-structure interviews. The result shows that the active and abandoned (inactive) nests were found within the study site, and could be classified as tree nest, rock nest, and ground nest. The total population of Pangolin in Cisokan hydropower project site was estimated around 6-20 individuals. This population was distributed in five different areas; first areas were Pasir Gagak, Cigintung, Batu Nunggul, and Batu Sahulu; second area was Batu Wulung; third areas were Curug Japarana and Curug Walet; fourth areas were Hutan Gowek and Cadas Gantung; fifth area was Pongpok. The potential threats experienced by Pangolin were from illegal hunting activity and habitat fragmentation caused by infrastructure development and field clearing for crops plantation.
Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: PAMOENGKAS PRIJANTO , SIREGAR ISKANDAR Z. , DWISUTONO AJI NURALAM
Published: October 2018

Pamoengkas P, Siregar IZ, Dwisutono AN. 2018. Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 163-171. Single selective cutting is the most common form of timber extraction in natural forest in the tropics. Although, vast tracts natural forests are already logged-over, the effect of logging on the structure and species composition has been sparsely documented, especially for merbau (Intsia bijuga). Merbau is an excellent timber species and intensively harvested in Papua. The objective of this study was to analyze the structure and species composition of merbau in the several logged-over forests at different ages, i.e., 1, 5, 11, 16, 21 years old after selective logging and primary forest as the reference plot. The study was conducted in February 2016 at Sarmi District, Papua. The distributions of merbau in each plot varies but when they were compared with that in the primary forest that had reached 9.81%. Thus, the decrease of merbau trees in the plots of logged forest areas was not significant. Index of Diversity of all growth stages was high. In general, the number of merbau seedling regeneration in the study plots are above the average value standardized in Selective Cutting and Replanting System (TPTI) regulation. With regard to the condition of sapling regeneration, we concluded that selective logging might not provide enough growing space for regeneration of merbau. Providing appropriate growing space is one of the key factors to achieve adequate merbau natural regeneration.
Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve
Authors: ADENIYI MOBOLAJI , ODEYEMI YEMI , ODEYEMI OLU
Published: October 2018

Adeniyi M, Odeyemi Y, Odeyemi O. 2018. Ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms in a Nigerian tropical forest reserve. Biodiversitas 19: 285-295. This study investigated the ecology, diversity and seasonal distribution of wild mushrooms at Environmental Pollution Science and Technology (ENPOST) forest reserve, Ilesa, Southwestern Nigeria. Mushrooms growing in the ligneous and terrestrial habitats of the forest were collected, identified and enumerated between March 2014 and March 2015. Diversity indices including species richness, dominance, and species diversity were evaluated. Correlation (p < 0.05) was determined among climatic data and diversity indices. A total of 151 mushroom species specific to their respective habitats were obtained. The highest monthly species richness (70) was obtained in October 2014. While a higher dominance was observed in the terrestrial habitat during the rainy and dry seasons (0.072 and 0.159 respectively), species diversity was higher in the ligneous and terrestrial habitats during the rainy season (3.912 and 3.304 respectively). Overall, the highest carpophores in ligneous and terrestrial habitats were recorded in Schizophyllum commune (10,737) and Mycena monticola (760) correspondingly. Correlation analysis revealed that average monthly precipitation positively correlated with the relative abundance of mushrooms in the terrestrial habitat (r = 0.716, p = 0.013). This study shows the diversity of mushrooms at ENPOST forest, thereby necessitating strict and sustainable conservation measures especially those with great economic values.
Short Communication: Immunostimulatory effect of tempoyak (fermented durian) on inducing cytokine production (IL-6 and TNF-α) by RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: SUSANTO SULVANIA , SUMARPO ANTON , PARIKESIT ARLI ADITYA , PUTRA AGUS BUDIAWAN NARO , ISHIDA ERI , TABUCH KAHO , SUGAHARA TAKUYA
Published: October 2018

Susanto S, Sumarpo A, Parikesit AA, Putra ABNN, Ishida E, Tabuchi K, Sugahara T. 2018. Short Communication: Immunostimulatory effect of tempoyak (fermented durian) on inducing cytokine production (IL-6 and TNF-α) by RAW 264.7 cells. Biodiversitas 19: 318-322. Indonesia is known to be home to various fermented foods with many-reported usage as potential sources of probiotics. Tempoyak (fermented durian) is among one of the Indonesian fermented foods that are rarely studied for its bioactivities. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential bioactivities of tempoyak, particularly the immunostimulatory aspects. Water extract of tempoyak was prepared by suspending the freeze-dried tempoyak sample in distilled water. Immunostimulatory activity of tempoyak water extract was evaluated using mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. ELISA was used to screen cytokine productions (IL-6 and TNF-α) by RAW 264.7 cells following treatment with tempoyak water extract. In addition, real-time RT-PCR was also used to determine IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression. We showed that water extract of tempoyak exerts immunostimulatory effects towards RAW 264.7 cells. This was observed from the increased production of IL-6 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. This was also supported by increased IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression. Our finding suggests that tempoyak has immunostimulatory effects towards murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. However, further studies are needed to identify the specific compounds responsible for inducing immunostimulatory effects.
Short Communication: Population dynamics of double-spined rock lobster (Panulirus penicillatus Olivier, 1791) in Southern Coast of Yogyakarta
Authors: LARASATI RAKHMA FITRIA , SUADI SUADI , SETYOBUDI EKO
Published: October 2018

Larasati RF, Suadi, Setyobudi E. 2018. Short Communication: Population dynamics of double-spined rock lobster (Panulirus penicillatus Olivier, 1791) in Southern Coast of Yogyakarta. Biodiversitas 19: 337-342. The southern coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, near to the Indian Ocean borders is a preferable habitat for lobster. Double-spined rock lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) is one of the prevalent species caught by fishermen. However the increased number of capture activities had an effect on the sustainability of global lobster fisheries. In order to sustain these fisheries resource, the preservation management of lobster should include wild stock assessments. Currently, the effect of fishing pressures on populations of P. penicillatus is limited. The objective of this research was to identify several factors affecting lobster population in terms of growth (carapace length (CL) and mass), recruitment, mortality rates, and exploitation rates in this species. Results showed that double-spined rock lobster had a longer size (CL) (45.2-55.1 mm) than that of females (55.2 mm-65.1 mm). While the growth rate (K) of males lobster is 0.85 year-¹ and its CL reached an asymptotic point at 125 mm (12 years old). Growth rate of females double-spined rock lobster was 0.55 year-¹ and its CL reached an asymptotic point at 125.5 mm (15 years old). The total estimation of mortality rates of double-spined rock lobster was 2.46, wherein 2.56 year-¹ for males and females, respectively. The estimated values of M were 1.08, 0.81 year-¹ for males and females, respectively while the respective values of F were 1.38 year-¹ and 1.75 year-¹ for males and females. The exploitation rate of males was 0.56 and females was 0.68. It has exceeded the optimal level (0.5) and reached overfishing value. Based on these results, it suggest that the time management of fishing activities such as by several approaches including the restricted time of fishing activity in spawning and recruitment season, the management of catching effort by the development of environment-friendly fishing gear, and the development of the lobster hatchery to reproduce and maintain their population naturally.
Lipolytic bacteria isolated from Indonesian sticky rice cake wajik and jenang experiencing with rancidity
Authors: SUSILOWATI ARI , SARI SITI LUSI ARUM , SETYANINGSIH RATNA , MUTHMAINNA HANIâ€™A NUR , HANDARWATI HAYYU , PANGASTUTI ARTINI , PURWOKO TJAHJADI
Published: October 2018

Susilowati A, Sari SLA, Setyaningsih R, Muthmainna HN, Handarwati H, Pangastuti A, Purwoko T. 2018. Lipolytic bacteria isolated from Indonesian sticky rice cake wajik and jenang experiencing with rancidity. Biodiversitas 19: 351-356. Lipolytic bacteria are lipase producing bacteria. These bacteria can be isolated from various sources such as vegetable oil wastes, industrial dairy products, oil-contaminated soil, seeds, and foods containing fat. The lipolytic bacteria were isolated from wajik, jenang manten and jenang alot that have been cultured for 4-35 days using minimum media containing MgSO4.7H2O 0.03%, K2HPO4 0.005%, (NH4) SO40.5% (w/v) supplemented with olive oil as a carbon source. Lipolytic activity was marked by orange luminescence when it was exposed to UV light at 350 nm on colonies grown on media containing olive oil-rhodamine B. Lipolytic bacteria were identified based on colony morphology, cell morphology and sequences of 16S rRNA gene. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed to determine the identity of bacterial isolates based on the percentage of sequence identity using BLAST Nucleotide software on NCBI website. Results showed there were 7 lipolytic bacteria of 52 isolates. Those bacteria were Gram-negative with spherical and rods shape. The identity of four isolates obtained in wajik indicated 97-98% of similarity to Acinetobacter and one isolate showed 96% of similarity to Pseudomonas. The last two isolates obtained from jenang manten had 99% similarity belonging to the species of Serratia marcescens.
Biological Data of Stingless Bees with Potential Application in Pesticide Risk Assessments
Authors: Dorigo Adna , Rosa-Fontana Annelise , Camargo Isabella , Nocelli Roberta , Malaspina Osmar
Published: October 2018

Due to the current practice of intensive pesticide use in Brazil on crops with flowers that are attractive to bees, biological information about Brazilian native bees is required in order for public authorities that are responsible for environmental safety to use them for calculations of risk assessments. Thus, the present study aimed to obtain biological data on stingless bees: Melipona scutellaris, Scaptotrigiona postica and Tetragonisca angustula. The food consumed by larvae and by adults and the mass of forager workers were obtained. The results provide essential inputs for the risk assessment of stingless bee exposure to pesticides., combined with information about the concentrations of these substances in crops with flowers that are attractive to bees, may be used in risk calculations.
Fermentation of a Pollen Substitute Diet with Beebread Microorganisms Increases Diet Consumption and Hemolymph Protein Levels of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Dias Joyce Mayra Volpini Almeida , Morais Michelle Manfrini , Francoy Thiago Mauricio , Pereira Rogério Aparecido , Turcatto Aline Patricia , Jong David De
Published: October 2018

Pollen substitute diets have become increasingly important for maintaining strong and healthy honey bee colonies. Palatability and nutritional value are key attributes of a good diet. Since beebread, which is pollen fermented by the bees, is the main food of the worker nurse bees that feed and care for the bee larvae, pollen substitutes should have similar attributes. In an attempt to simulate this natural food source, an inoculum prepared from beebread was used to ferment a pollen-substitute diet. Newly emerged bees were fed on the diets for seven days. They consumed significantly more fermented than unfermented diet. Hemolymph protein levels were significantly higher in bees that had been fed a fermented versus an unfermented diet, though still significantly lower than in bees fed on beebread. Vitellogenin (a key storage protein for honey bees) levels were also increased significantly in bees fed the fermented versus the non-fermented diet. Survival rates were higher for bees fed the fermented versus the non-fermented diet, though the difference was not significant. We conclude that fermentation by beebread-derived microorganisms can improve the acceptance and utility of an artificial protein diet for honey bees.
Toxicity of Fenpyroximate, Difenoconazole and Mineral Oil on Apis mellifera L. Introduction
Authors: Leite Delzuite Teles , Sampaio Roberto Barbosa , Dos Santos Claudia Oliveira , Dos Santos Juliana Nascimento , Chambó Emerson Dechechi , De Carvalho Carlos Alfredo Lopes , Sodré Geni Da Silva
Published: October 2018

Bees of genus Apis are the main crop pollinators; however, the use of pesticides in agriculture may intoxicate them during foraging. In this study, we evaluated the toxic eff ects caused by difenoconazole (fungicide), fenpyroximate (acaricide) and mineral oil (adjuvant) used alone and associated (pesticide + adjuvant) on workers of Apis mellifera L. Bees were exposed to product doses recommended by manufacturers, orally and in contact on a contaminated surface in a controlled environment. All products presented low lethality, both in isolation and combination (except for difenoconazole via contact), however, they all showed toxic effects. The results showed that combination of pesticides with adjuvant augmented toxic eff ects.
Bee diversity responses to forest and open areas in heterogeneous Atlantic Forest
Authors: Nery Laura Silva , Takata Juliana Toshie , De Camargo Bruna Bertagni , Chaves Aryane Moreno , Ferreira Patrícia Alves , Boscolo Danilo
Published: October 2018

Agriculture driven landscape changes has caused worldwide forest loss and fragmentation, seriously affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services, amongst which pollination is remarkably important. Bees are an essential pollinator group for forest plant populations and food production in tropical landscapes. They are also dependent on forested environments which are essential to maintain their diversity and pollination services. We analyzed bee diversity in contrasting forest and adjacent non-forest patches to evaluate if bees can use complementary non-native environments in heterogeneous altered tropical landscapes. The effect of landscape level heterogeneity and forest amount on bee diversity was also assessed. Our hypothesis was that bee communities would be more rich and diverse inside the forest understory, but due to supplementary foraging behaviors they would be more abundant in non-forested areas where flower availability is higher. We actively sampled bees visiting flowers within forest patches and in surrounding non-forest open areas between the Cantareira and Mantiqueira mountain ranges in São Paulo, Brazil. We found higher bee richness and diversity in open areas than in forest patches, partially denying our initial hypothesis but supporting that bees are more abundant in non-forest areas. We found strong indication that landscapes with higher amount of forest and environmental heterogeneity can provide more resources for bees through resource complementation processes, maintaining their diversity in the landscape. The presence of forest patches close to crop and open areas is of utmost importance for the conservation of bees and pollination services with important consequences for land management in tropical environments.
Reviews: Books
Authors: Lombar Jaka , Camplin Tayler , Carr Kim , Staub Chamberlain , Triplett Steph
Published: October 2018

On the Eve of the Future: Selected Writings on Film, Annette Michelson (2017)

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 352pp., ISBN: 9780262035507 (hbk), $39.95

Pola Negri: Hollywood’s First Femme Fatale, Mariusz Kotowski (2014)

Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 243pp., ISBN: 9780813144887 (hbk), $40.00, ISBN: 9780813144894 (ebk), $40.00

How to Watch a Movie, David Thomson (2017)

New York: Vintage, 258pp., ISBN: 9781101875407 (pbk), $16.95

Reform Cinema in Iran: Film and Political Change in the Islamic Republic, Blake Atwood (2016)

New York: Colombia University Press, 280pp., ISBN: 9780231178174
(pbk), $30.00, ISBN: 9780231178167 (hbk), $90.00

The Great Movies IV, Roger Ebert (2016)

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 251pp., ISBN: 9780226403984 (hbk), $27.50, ISBN: 97802264043035 (ebk), $9.99
Films
Authors: Ball Craig , Bugeja Nick , DeAngelis Christopher , Moore Alexandria Rose , Smallwood Kimberly Mariah
Published: October 2018

45 Years (2015)

UK Director Andrew Haigh Runtime 91 minutes

Graduation and the State of a Stagnant Society

Graduation (2016)

Romania Director Cristian Mungiu Runtime 128 minutes

Dunkirk (2017)

United States Director Christopher Nolan Runtime 106 minutes

Lemonade (2016)

USA Directors Kahlil Joseph, Beyoncé Knowles-Carter Runtime 46 minutes

Satan Said Dance (2016)

Poland Director Katarzyna Rosłaniec Runtime 97 minutes
Automation of Work Processes at Ukrainian Sorting Stations
Authors: Oleh Strelko , Hanna Kyrychenko , Yulia Berdnychenko , Svitlana Hurinchuk
Published: October 2018

The article analyses the existing options for improving sorting stations operation by implementing informational support and automated systems as well as the development of new ideas to solve this issue. The study of this theme makes it possible to improve all basic indicators of station operation, the directorate and the railway as a whole. This study is a scientific problem to be reasonably considered with a systematic approach. The problem of sorting stations description as a complex facility of automation in the design systems of unified automated control systems has been considered. The analysis of up-to-date information systems and technologies being utilized at sorting stations of Ukraine has been carried out. Functional capabilities to be achieved while integration of the “Automated control system” into the ASFTO UZ – (e) have been achieved. Directions for further development of automated subsystem “Dynamic work of the railway junction” requiring scientific researches in solving complex tasks for providing communication between the station wagon and the departure (transport document) have been determined. It has been determined that the further development of automated subsystem “Dynamic work of the railway junction” was impossible without interaction with the feeder lines model, because all sorting stations perform a large amount of work with the participation of feeder lines.
Konstytucja jako źródło obowiązków państwa w stosunku do obywatela
Authors: Florczak-Wątor Monika
Published: October 2018

Konstytucja jest źródłem obowiązków państwa w stosunku do jednostki. Można wyróżnić obowiązki negatywne państwa, które polegają na nienaruszaniu praw jednostki, oraz obowiązki pozytywne, które wymagają od państwa działania, w tym również ochrony praw jednostki. Normy konstytucyjne statuujące te pierwsze obowiązki przynależą do kategorii reguł, a te drugie – do kategorii zasad. Państwo ma nie tylko obowiązek ochrony praw i wolności jednostki, lecz także obowiązek ich ograniczania wtedy, gdy jest to konieczne w demokratycznym państwie dla jego bezpieczeństwa lub porządku publicznego bądź dla ochrony środowiska, zdrowia i moralności publicznej, bądź też wolności i praw innych osób. Ograniczenia te nie mogą jednak naruszać istoty wolności i praw. Kolizja obowiązków państwa jest pochodną kolizji praw jednostki. Z tego powodu rozstrzyganie obu tych kolizji powinno być postrzegane jako jeden całościowy mechanizm ochrony praw jednostki.
Wybory jako demokratyczny sposób kreowania organów władzy publicznej a dobro wspólne
Authors: Urbaniak Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

Wybory w państwie demokratycznym, przeprowadzane z poszanowaniem reguł pozwalających uczciwie uwzględnić wolę wyborców, są podstawowym sposobem kreowania organów władzy publicznej. Tworzą one jeden z fundamentów państwa czerpiącego swoje podstawy funkcjonowania z woli Narodu. W artykule dokonano analizy praw wyborczych obywateli RP, tj. prawa do głosowania i prawa do kandydowania z punktu widzenia poszanowania zasady dobra wspólnego. Osobną część poświęcono rozważaniom dotyczącym instytucjonalnemu kształtowi systemu wyborczego i procesu wyborczego. Artykuł kończy część poświęcona problematyce zasad tworzenia i stosowania prawa wyborczego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problemu stabilności prawa. Przeprowadzona analiza prowadzi do konkluzji, że prawidłowe funkcjonowanie wspartego na konstytucji pluralistycznego systemu wyborczego oraz stosowanie prawa wyborczego zależą w dużej mierze od uznawania przez wszystkich uczestników tego systemu dobra wspólnego jako takiego i realizowania wskazań z tej zasady wypływających.
Referendum – instrument czy iluzja władzy polskiego suwerena?
Authors: Dudek Dariusz
Published: October 2018

Autor analizuje następujące problemy: polskie tradycje referendalne w XX w., obowiązujące uregulowanie referendum zawarte w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 1997 r. i ustawie z 2003 r., współczesną praktykę referendum w Polsce (przedmiot i wyniki referendum przeprowadzonego w 1997, 2003 oraz 2015) oraz prawne granice władzy suwerena, czyli przedmiot dopuszczalnej decyzji Narodu w referendum. Wskazuje także perspektywy referendum konsultacyjnego w sprawie zmiany Konstytucji, związane z inicjatywą Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej, zgłoszoną 3 maja 2017 r. Dotyczy ona zaangażowania obywateli w proces tworzenia konstytucji od początku, przed pracami w parlamencie, co nie miało precedensu w naszej historii. Wyraża pogląd, że niezależnie od wad obowiązującej regulacji prawnej i negatywnych doświadczeń wynikających z praktyki, referendum to może być dziełem suwerennego Narodu i wzmocnić autorytet nowej konstytucji.
Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu
Authors: Wolska Grażyna
Published: October 2018

Głównym celem pracy jest próba zaprezentowania następstw społeczno-gospodarczych powstałych w wyniku dominacji przez kilka dekad modelu neoliberalnego. Myślą przewodnią jest stwierdzenie, że tryumfujący od kilku dekad model neoliberalny zmarginalizował społeczny wymiar ekonomii. Ekonomia znajduje się współcześnie w stadium poszukiwania odpowiedzi na stare i nowe pytania. Dotyczą one również kierunku kształtowania ładu gospodarczego, w ramach którego ekonomia jako nauka służyłaby nie tylko wybranej grupie społecznej, ale całemu społeczeństwu. Oczekiwania te w dużym stopniu spełnić może idea społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, która opiera się na takich wartościach, jak etyka, moralność, odpowiedzialność i rzetelność.
Nanotechnologia a ochrona środowiska – perspektywa prawna
Authors: Jurewicz Marcin
Published: October 2018

Uregulowania prawne UE fragmentarycznie, wycinkowo odnoszą się do zapewnienia ochrony środowiska w aspekcie zastosowań nanotechnologii. Możliwość umieszczenia nanomateriałów na liście obserwacyjnej substancji, w odniesieniu do których mają być gromadzone dane z monitorowania w celu szeregowania substancji do przeprowadzenia przeglądu Wykazu substancji priorytetowych w dziedzinie polityki wodnej (art. 8b ust. 1 dyrektywy 2008/105/WE), ewentualność uwzględnienia nanomateriałów zawartych w sprzęcie elektrycznym i elektronicznym w ramach selektywnego przetwarzania materiałów i części składowych zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego (art. 8 ust. 4 dyrektywy 2012/19/UE), a także możliwość zakwalifikowania nanomateriałów do substancji objętych ograniczeniem stosowania w sprzęcie elektrycznym i elektronicznym (art. 6 ust. 1 dyrektywy 2011/65/UE) służą zmniejszaniu ryzyka wykorzystywania nowatorskich aplikacji nanotechnologii dla zdrowia ludzkiego i środowiska. W następstwie niedoboru wiedzy naukowej będącej podwaliną regulacji prawnych dotyczących ochrony środowiska, czyli technik wykrywania, pomiarów i charakteryzowania nanomateriałów, ich monitorowania i danych na temat ich toksyczności, nie wprowadzono dotychczas innych uregulowań prawnych nawiązujących do nanomateriałów.
Zasiedzenie fizycznej części nieruchomości oddanej w użytkowanie wieczyste
Authors: Malicki Adrian
Published: October 2018

Użytkowanie wieczyste jest prawem na rzeczy cudzej o skomplikowanym charakterze prawnym. Jego przedmiotem może być wyłącznie nieruchomość należąca do Skarbu Państwa lub jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, czyli nieruchomość publiczna. Zasiedzenie nieruchomości państwowych było (na mocy art. 177 k.c.) wyłączone, co przesądzało o niemożliwości zasiedzenia własności nieruchomości oddanej w użytkowanie wieczyste. Po jego uchyleniu zniknęły normatywne przeszkody nabycia w drodze zasiedzenia własności nieruchomości oddanej w użytkowanie wieczyste. W niniejszej publikacji poddano analizie możliwość nabycia przez zasiedzenie własności fragmentu takiej nieruchomości. W pierwszej kolejności ustalono przedmiotową zdolność fizycznej części nieruchomości gruntowej do zasiedzenia. Ponadto przedstawiono poglądy kontestujące nabywanie przez zasiedzenie własności nieruchomości oddanych w użytkowanie wieczyste. Podniesione przez przeciwników argumenty zostały poddane krytyce. Wskazano również na skutki zasiedzenia w rozpatrywanym przypadku. Zbadano los użytkowania wieczystego na nabytym przez posiadacza fragmencie nieruchomości oraz na pozostałej właścicielowi części. Wskazano również na różne rodzaje odpowiedzialności użytkownika wieczystego.
Technologie regulacyjne szansą na obniżenie kosztów compliance
Authors: Pięta Artur
Published: October 2018

Celem niniejszego artykuł jest omówienie rozwiązań technologii regulacyjnych (RegTech) w procesie optymalizacji kosztów compliance. Tematyka RegTech jest obecnie słabo rozpoznana w literaturze krajowej, jak również zagranicznej. W artykule rozważania zostały oparte na analizie prawno-ekonomicznej ze wskazaniem na finansowy wymiar konsekwencji nieprzestrzegania prawa przez zobowiązane do tego podmioty. Przeanalizowano najważniejsze źródła wzrostu kosztów compliance – problematykę inflacji prawa, rozwój nowych technologii (FinTech) oraz zjawisko shadow banking. Podjęto próbę zdefiniowania segmentu RegTech oraz wskazano na główne obszary działalności instytucji finansowych mogących stać się przedmiotem zainteresowania ze strony spółek RegTech.
Obywatelska inicjatywa ustawodawcza w polskim porządku prawnym – próba oceny z perspektywy praktyki parlamentarnej
Authors: Borski Maciej , Przywora Bogusław
Published: October 2018

Celem opracowania jest podjęcie próby przedstawienia oraz oceny regulacji prawnych dotyczących postępowania z obywatelskim projektem ustawy w polskim porządku prawnym z perspektywy praktyki stosowania tej instytucji. Podejmowane zagadnienie ma nie tylko wymiar teoretyczny, ale również kluczowe znaczenie praktyczne, bowiem zainteresowanie tym mechanizmem prawnym wśród obywateli z każdym rokiem jest coraz większe i wpływa na kształt społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Problem w tym, iż istnieje wiele barier, przepisów utrudniających obywatelom skuteczne korzystanie z przysługującego im konstytucyjnego prawa, począwszy od rejestracji komitetu aż po etap prac parlamentarnych nad projektem. Biorąc to pod uwagę w  podsumowaniu zaproponowano kierunki zmian w zakresie obywatelskiej inicjatywy ustawodawczej.
O dwóch odmianach wzorców osobowych w prawie karnym
Authors: Lipiński Konrad
Published: October 2018

Artykuł stanowi próbę określenia, czy stosowane w prawie karnym wzorce osobowe stanowią kategorię jednolitą. Autor dochodzi do wniosku, że figury te stosowane są na dwóch zasadniczych płaszczyznach: do ustalenia stanu faktycznego w zakresie stanu świadomości sprawcy czynu zabronionego oraz do określenia wymaganego od niego standardu postępowania w stosunku do dobra prawnego (co dotyczy również powinności przewidzenia określonych stanów rzeczy). Spostrzeżenie to pozwala na wyróżnienie dwóch zasadniczych odmian wzorców osobowych – wzorca rekonstrukcyjnego oraz wzorca optymalizacyjnego (normatywnego), które różnią się od siebie nie tylko przedmiotem odniesienia, ale i wewnętrzną konstrukcją.
Z problematyki retrybutywnej oraz utylitarnej sprawiedliwości karania
Authors: Kania Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono wybranym problemom retrybutywnej oraz utylitarnej idei sprawiedliwego karania. Zwrócono w nim uwagę na tradycyjne kontrowersje związane z filozficzno-prawnym objaśnieniem wspomnianej sprawiedliwości, które również znajdują swoje wymowne odzwierciedlenie na płaszczyźnie odpowiedzialności karnej. Przeprowadzone analizy utwierdzają w przekonaniu, że próba zdefiniowania sprawiedliwości (także sprawiedliwości karania) stanowi jedno z najbardziej intrygujących wyzwań współczesności. Dostrzeżone wątpliwości w ramach retrybutywnej oraz utylitarnej idei karania nie dostarczają przy tym jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jakie komponenty powinien zostać wyposażony „ideał kary”, uosabiany przez karę sprawiedliwą. Stąd też pojawia się pytanie, czy dążenie do objaśnienia, czym w istocie jest kara sprawiedliwa, powinno opierać się na wymienionych koncepcjach, czy też bardziej oczekiwane byłoby poszukiwanie nowych koncepcji, które mogłyby uzyskać akceptację ze strony współczesnej, sprawiedliwościowej myśli penalnej.
Oil-absorbing porous cellulosic material from sized wood pulp fines
Authors: Colson Jérôme , Amer Hassan , Liebner Falk , Gindl-Altmutter Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

Fine fibres (fines) occur at various stages of the papermaking process. The high specific surface of fines may be of special interest in applications beyond papermaking. In the present study, foamy water suspensions of fines were freeze-dried, and in this way their porous structure was maintained. The density and porosity of these foams could be governed by varying the water content of the suspensions. The obtained matrices were highly hydrophobic because of the sizing applied during the papermaking process. Consequently, a high oil sorption capacity of the fines was observed. Up to a porosity of 98%, more than 80% of the overall volume of the foam-like material could be soaked with liquid. At higher porosities, the absorbed volume decreased. Mechanical reinforcement of the foams with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as accomplished by dip-coating had no negative impact on the sorption behaviour. However, the performance of reinforced samples suffered from strong shrinkage upon drying, especially for high porosity matrices.
Environmental sustainability assessment of HMF and FDCA production from lignocellulosic biomass through life cycle assessment (LCA)
Authors: Bello Sara , Salim Iana , Méndez-Trelles Pedro , Rodil Eva , Feijoo Gumersindo , Moreira Maria Teresa
Published: October 2018

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are top biomass-based platform chemicals with promising potential and an essential part of the future of green chemistry. HMF can be obtained mainly from fructose or glucose. Lignocellulosic glucose has a high production potential from not edible biomass. In the present paper life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed aiming at a better understanding of the environmental performance of the production of FDCA and HMF from lignocellulosic feedstock. Two case studies from the literature were modeled to obtain the life cycle inventory data. The production routes to FDCA comprise seven different process sections: hydrolysis, HMF synthesis, HMF recovery, FDCA synthesis, FDCA flash separation, FDCA purification and HMF boiler. By means of the LCA methodology, solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dichloromethane (DCM), together with the energy demand, were found to be clear critical points in the process. Two scenarios were in focus: Scenario 1 considered the purification of FDCA through crystallization, whereas in Scenario 2 purification was performed through distillation.
Comparison of various multivariate models to estimate structural properties by means of non-destructive techniques (NDTs) in Pinus sylvestris L. timber
Authors: Villasante Antonio , Íñiguez-González Guillermo , Puigdomenech Lluis
Published: October 2018

The predictability of modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and density of 120 samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were investigated using various non-destructive variables (such as time of flight of stress wave, natural frequency of longitudinal vibration, penetration depth, pullout resistance, visual grading and concentrated knot diameter ratio), and based on multivariate algorithms, applying WEKA as machine learning software. The algorithms used were: multivariate linear regression (MLR), Gaussian, Lazy, artificial neural network (ANN), Rules and decision Tree. The models were quantified based on the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). To avoid model overfitting, the modeling was built and the results validated via the so-called 10-fold cross-validation. MLR with the “greedy method” for variable selection based on the Akaike information metric (MLRak) significantly reduced the RMSE of MOR and MOE compared to univariate linear regressions (ULR). However, this reduction was not significant for density prediction. The predictability of MLRak was not improved by any other of the tested algorithms. Specifically, non-linear models, such as multilayer perceptron, did not contribute any significant improvements over linear models. Finally, MLRak models were simplified by discarding the variables that produce the lowest RMSE increment. The resulted models could be even further simplified without significant RMSE increment.
Comparative Study of Kinematics and Muscle Activity Between Elite and Amateur Table Tennis Players During Topspin Loop Against Backspin Movements
Authors: Wang Meizi , Fu Lin , Gu Yaodong , Mei Qichang , Fu Fengqin , Fernandez Justin
Published: October 2018

This study investigated differences of lower limb kinematics and muscle activity during table tennis topspin loop against backspin movements between elite players (EPs) and amateur players (APs). Ten EPs and ten APs performed crosscourt backhand loop movements against the backspin ball with maximal power. Vicon motion analysis and a MEGA ME6000 system was used to capture kinematics and surface EMG data. The motion was divided into two phases, including the backswing and swing. The joints’ flexion and extension angle tendency between EPs and APs differed significantly. The coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) values for EPs were all beyond 0.9, indicating high similarity of joint angles change. APs presented moderate similarity with CMC values from 0.5 to 0.75. Compared to APs, EPs presented larger ankle eversion, knee and hip flexion at the beginning moment of the backswing. In the sEMG test, EPs presented smaller standardized AEMG (average electromyography) of the lower limb muscles in the rectus femoris and tibia anterior on both sides. Additionally, the maximum activation of each muscle for EPs was smaller and MPF (mean power frequency) of the lower limb was greater during the whole movement. The present study revealed that EPs could complete this technical motion more economically than APs, meanwhile, EPs were more efficient in muscle usage and showed better balance ability.
Influence of Autonomic Control on the Specific Intermittent Performance of Judo Athletes
Authors: Campos Bruno T. , Penna Eduardo M. , Rodrigues João G.S. , Diniz Mateus , Mendes Thiago T. , Filho André F.C. , Franchini Emerson , Nakamura Fabio Y. , Prado Luciano S.
Published: October 2018

Judo is a high-intensity intermittent combat sport which causes cardiac adaptations both morphologically and related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this study aims to verify the correlation between heart rate variability (HRV) at rest with performance in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and whether groups with different RR values at rest show different performance in the SJFT and during post-test recovery. Sixteen judo athletes with 7.2 ± 3.9 years of training experience participated in the study. Before and after the SJFT execution HRV and lactate measurements were conducted. For HRV analysis, we used the mean interval RR, the standard deviation of the RR interval (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD), the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in normalized and absolute units. The sample was split into two groups (low RR and high RR) to verify if this variable could differentiate between specific performance. For the SDNN, a significant and moderate correlation (r = 0.53) was found with the total number of throws and throws in the series A (r = 0.56) and B (r = 0.54) and for the RMSSD a correlation with throws during series B (r = 0.59) in the SJFT. However, the groups did not differ in performance and recovery. Therefore, HRV is related to intermittent judo performance; however, it cannot differentiate between judokas at different levels of performance.
Suggestions for Judo Training with Pacing Strategy and Decision Making by Judo Championship Phases
Authors: Miarka Bianca , Brito Ciro José , Amtmann John , Córdova Cláudio , Bello Fabio dal , Camey Suzi
Published: October 2018

The present study aimed to compare pacing and decision making of athletes competing in judo, with particular attention paid to effort-pause ratios occurring in the championship phases of the Olympic Games and non-Olympic Games. The sample was composed of 53,403 sequential actions analyzed during 611 performances of the non-Olympic Games (eliminatory n = 330, quarterfinals n = 60, semi-final n = 88, repechage n = 21, third place playoff n = 26, and final n = 79) and 163 from the Olympic Games (eliminatory n = 71, quarterfinals n = 13, semi-final n = 26, repechage n = 20, third place playoff n = 24, and final n = 14). The analysis of effort-pause ratios included separating bouts into states of approach, gripping, attack, groundwork and pause, according to frequency and time. A Markov multi-state model and analysis of variance were applied (p ≤ 0.05). Approach time presented differences of the eliminatory Olympic Games (7.3 ± 3.2 s) versus final non-Olympic Games (6.0 ± 2.2s), and the third place playoff Olympic Games (8.1 ± 2.3 s) versus semi-final (6.2 ± 2.4 s) and third place playoff (5.9 ± 2.1 s) of the non-Olympic Games, and the semi-final Olympic Games (8.6 ± 2.3 s) versus eliminatory (6.5 ± 2.3 s), quarter-finals (6.5 ± 1.7 s), semi-final (6.2 ± 2.4 s), repechage (6.2 ± 2.2 s), third place playoff (5.9 ± 2.1 s), and final (6.0 ± 2.0 s) of the non-Olympic Games. Pause time presented differences of the semi-final Olympic Games (6.8 ± 2.1 s) versus eliminatory (5.1 ± 3.1 s). The present data suggest a focus on pacing strategy during championship phases, which mimic the requirements of judo combats.
Rethinking Monolithic Pathways to Success and Talent Identification: The Case of the Women's Japanese Volleyball Team and Why Height is Not Everything
Authors: Vargas Jorge , Loureiro Manuel , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Knechtle Beat , Laporta Lorenzo , Marcelino Rui , Afonso Jose
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present study was to analyse the Japanese National Women’s Volleyball Team and to identify items differentiating it from other teams. All fifteen matches between the six National Teams (i.e., Japan, Brazil, China, Belgium, Turkey and Russia) competing at the Women’s Volleyball World Grand Prix Finals of 2014 were analyzed, in a total of 56 sets and 7,176 situations of ball possession. Data suggested the existence of differences between Japan’s and the other five teams’ gameplay, namely the likelihood of more gameplay with utilization of the float jump serve (20.42; ± 3.79%, very large magnitude) and attack tempo 2 (61.89; ± 29.67%, large magnitude), while exhibiting less gameplay with zero blockers opposing the attack (-42.06; ± 21.28%, large magnitude). Based on these findings, it was concluded that sports success could be achieved even when a core feature of mainstream performance models (e.g., height in volleyball) was lacking.
Polygenic Study of Endurance‐Associated Genetic MarkersNOS3(Glu298Asp),BDKRB2(‐9/+9),UCP2(Ala55Val),AMPD1(Gln45Ter) andACE(I/D) in Polish Male Half Marathoners
Authors: Gronek Piotr , Gronek Joanna , Lulińska-Kuklik Ewelina , Spieszny Michał , Niewczas Marta , Kaczmarczyk Mariusz , Petr Miroslav , Fischerova Patricia , Ahmetov Ildus I. , Żmijewski Piotr
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate individually and in combination the association between the ACE (I/D), NOS3 (Glu298Asp), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), UCP2 (Ala55Val) and AMPD1 (Gln45Ter) variants with endurance performance in a large, performance-homogenous cohort of elite Polish half marathoners. The study group consisted of 180 elite half marathoners: 76 with time < 100 minutes and 104 with time > 100 minutes. DNA of the subjects was extracted from buccal cells donated by the runners and genotyping was carried out using an allelic discrimination assay with a C1000 Touch Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Germany) instrument with TaqMan® probes (NOS3, UCP2, and AMPD1) and a T100™ Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Germany) instrument (ACE and BDKRB2). We found that the UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism was associated with running performance, with the subjects carrying the Val allele being overrepresented in the group of most successful runners (<100 min) compared to the >100 min group (84.2 vs. 55.8%; OR = 4.23, p < 0.0001). Next, to assess the combined impact of 4 gene polymorphisms, all athletes were classified according to the number of 'endurance' alleles (ACE I, NOS3 Glu, BDKRB2 -9, UCP2 Val) they possessed. The proportion of subjects with a high (4-7) number of 'endurance' alleles was greater in the better half marathoners group compared with the >100 min group (73.7 vs. 51.9%; OR = 2.6, p = 0.0034). These data suggest that the likelihood of becoming an elite half marathoner partly depends on the carriage of a high number of endurance-related alleles.
Development Trends in Motivation Factors Applied by Business Managers in Corporation
Authors: Lušňáková Zuzana , Šajbidorová Mária , Juríčková Zuzana
Published: October 2018

The aim of the paper is to determine the development trends in motivation factors. In the first part, the authors analyse apparent differences in the use of motivation factors by business managers. Then, the authors try to determine the role and influence of independent variables, namely leadership style, corporate culture and corporate communication on employee motivation.