bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A határon átnyúló munkaerő-kölcsönzés Magyarországon, különös tekintettel a harmadik országok állampolgárainak foglalkoztatására
Authors: Kártyás Gábor
Published: October 2021

A munkaerő-kölcsönzés sajátossága, hogy a munkavállaló nem a vele munkaszerződést kötő kölcsönbeadónál fog ténylegesen munkát végezni, hanem egy harmadik félnél, a kölcsönvevőnél, akivel a munkaerő visszterhes átengedéséről a kölcsönbeadó egy polgári jogi szerződést köt. A cikk összefoglalja, hogyan jelenhet meg nemzetközi elem ebben a háromoldalú munkaviszonyban. Így kitér arra, milyen szabályok alá esik, ha a kölcsönbeadó egy másik ország állampolgárával kíván munkaszerződést kötni, és arra is, ha a kölcsönbeadó és kölcsönvevő más államban letelepedett. Noha a magyar jog általában tiltja, hogy Magyarországon harmadik országbeli állampolgár kölcsönzésen keresztül dolgozzon, ezt a kivételek egyre bővülő köre mégis lehetővé teszi. A cikk bemutatja, hogyan alakul a Magyarországon dolgozó harmadik országbeli kölcsönzött munkavállalók munkajogi és társadalombiztosítási helyzete.
Új irányok a szakképzés és a felnőttképzés területén, különös tekintettel a raktározási ágazat aktuális kérdéseire
Authors: Jakab Nóra , Berényi Laura , Ráczi Zsófia
Published: October 2021

A negyedik ipari forradalom kihívásai az élet számos területén éreztetik hatásukat. Mindez alól a szakképzési és felnőttképzési rendszer sem jelent kivételt. Összhangban a változásokkal, hazánkban rendszerszintű átalakítások és fejlesztések mennek végbe ezen területen, megteremtve az alapjait a minőségi szakemberképzés biztosításának. Kiemelt relevanciával bíró kérdéskörnek véljük a raktározási ágazat vonatkozásában felmerülő kérdéseket, illetve azon lehetőségek feltérképezését, amelyek az új változásokkal összhangban megoldási lehetőségeket kínálnak a fokozott veszéllyel járó tevékenységek kapcsán is.
Igualdad de género y equidad en salud: lecciones estratégicas de las experiencias de los países en la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la salud
Authors: González Vélez Ana Cristina , Coates Anna , Diaz Garcia Victoria , Wolfenzon Denisse
Published: October 2021

Objetivo.Analizar el progreso en las estructuras, mecanismos y estrategias organizativas, así como los factores y las barreras, que favorecen la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la salud en Guatemala, Guyana y Perú, dado el papel que ello desempeña en el abordaje de las desigualdades de género en la salud como un motor estructural clave de la equidad en salud.

Métodos.Se obtuvieron datos a partir de la literatura gris de leyes, políticas o documentos de programas y entrevistas cualitativas semiestructuradas con 37 informantes. El análisis se basó en un marco teórico que incluía siete categorías consideradas esenciales para avanzar la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en el sector de la salud.

Resultados.A pesar de los importantes esfuerzos y las experiencias acumuladas respecto de la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en el sector de la salud persisten obstáculos estructurales, como desafíos sociales más amplios para transformar las relaciones de poder desiguales entre los géneros; la complejidad del sistema de salud combinada con una baja capacidad técnica, política y financiera de las estructuras institucionales encargadas de abordar el tema; y la limitada coordinación con las instituciones nacionales dedicadas a la promoción de la mujer (a menudo, débiles). En algunos contextos, los obstáculos se ven agravados por la limitada comprensión de los conceptos básicos subyacentes a la perspectiva de género (a veces exacerbada por una comprensión limitada de la interseccionalidad o el compromiso con los hombres) y la ausencia de indicadores para medir los resultados y el impacto concreto de la incorporación de la perspectiva de género.

Discusión.Para que la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la salud sea satisfactoria, se requiere una agenda más estratégica y transformadora, elaborada e implementada en coordinación con las instituciones nacionales de promoción de la mujer y la sociedad civil y vinculada a instancias externas (p. ej., el Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer). Es necesario, asimismo, una distinción más clara entre los enfoques sensibles al género y aquellos transformativos de las relaciones desiguales de género, y una definición de los resultados previstos y los indicadores para medir los avances. Estos podrían entonces documentarse y sistematizarse mejor, lo que permitiría que la perspectiva de género se comprendiera más ampliamente y se pusiera en práctica como instrumento concreto para lograr la equidad en salud.
Papel de la sociedad civil en la promoción de la rendición de cuentas de los gobiernos en materia de equidad en salud en el Caribe: la Coalición Caribe Saludable
Authors: Hassell Trevor A. , Hutton Maisha T. , Barnett D. Beverley
Published: October 2021

Alcanzar la equidad en salud y abordar los determinantes sociales de la salud son aspectos fundamentales para alcanzar las metas en materia de salud y relacionadas con la salud de la Agenda para el Desarrollo Sostenible 2030 y sus Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Los marcos de referencia para la salud, como la Agenda de Salud Sostenible para las Américas 2018-2030, hacen hincapié en la reducción de las desigualdades en salud y en “no dejar a nadie atrás” en el desarrollo sostenible a nivel nacional. La equidad en salud incluye la promoción de la salud universal y el enfoque de atención primaria de salud, con un acceso equitativo de todas las personas a servicios de salud oportunos, de calidad, integrales y centrados en las personas y la comunidad que no ocasionen empobrecimiento. La rendición de cuentas por esos avances es igualmente importante, y un signo distintivo de una gobernanza adecuada. Los gobiernos tienen la responsabilidad primordial de reducir las desigualdades en salud y deben rendir cuentas de sus políticas y su desempeño. La sociedad civil es una parte interesada fundamental para promover un desarrollo nacional sostenible y equitativo, y debe formar parte de los mecanismos eficaces de rendición de cuentas. La Coalición Caribe Saludable —la única alianza regional del Caribe de organizaciones de la sociedad civil dedicada a prevenir y controlar las enfermedades no transmisibles, una prioridad de sanitaria importante acrecentada por las desigualdades— ha desempeñado un papel importante en hacer que los gobiernos rindan cuentas de la promoción de la equidad en salud. En este estudio se examinan los factores que han contribuido al éxito de la Coalición Caribe Saludable, con énfasis en la labor realizada en el marco de sus cinco pilares estratégicos — rendición de cuentas, promoción de la causa, desarrollo de capacidad, comunicación y sostenibilidad— así como los retos, las enseñanzas extraídas y otras consideraciones para lograr una mayor eficacia.
Current Pharmacological and Emerging Non-pharmacological Treatments in Slowing the Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Literature Review
Authors: Thum Phoebe , Ye Damon
Published: October 2021

Introduction: MCI is considered as a prodromal stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia given its potential to develop into various forms of dementia, most notably Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This translates to a need for effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments to prevent the progression of MCI and subsequently slowing AD onset. This review aims to discuss the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in slowing MCI progression.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effectiveness of interventions with individuals with MCI. Keywords included “mild cognitive impairment”, “drug”, “treatment”, and “randomized controlled trials”. Articles were evaluated on criteria relevant to the review’s purpose.
Results: Studies on different pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions demonstrated promising results in slowing the progression of MCI into dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) display favourable results on multiple cognitive assessments when compared to placebo. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as diet supplementation or exercise, also have the potential in improving performance in a multitude of cognitive domains.
Discussion: In multiple RCTs, AChEIs displayed effectiveness in alleviating cognitive impairment associated with MCI, but only temporarily with some adverse effects. Given the difficulty in determining a clear use of AChEIs on slowing the progression of MCI, additional research is needed. Non-pharmacological interventions have also displayed effectiveness without risk of adverse drug effects. Literature regarding multimodal approaches combining both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is a novel area of research, and these studies have suggested positive additive effects.
Conclusion: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for slowing the progression of MCI display promising results. More studies are needed to determine which treatment plans, whether pharmacological, non-pharmacological, or a combination of the two, will prove to be the most effective for individuals with MCI.
NREM and REM sleep parasomnias: clinical cases and literature review
Authors: Teišerskytė K. , Čelpačenko I. , Pajėdienė E.
Published: October 2021

Parasomnias are a group of sleep disorders that manifest as abnormal behaviour or movements while falling asleep, during sleep, or before awakening. According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), parasomnias are subdivided into non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnias. Main types of NREM parasomnias include disorders of arousal which consist of confusional arousals, sleepwalking, and sleep terrors, as well as sleep-related abnormal sexual behaviour and sleep-related eating disorder (SRED). The prevalence of NREM parasomnias in children and adolescents is higher than in adults. NREM parasomnias are often benign, self-limited, or resolved with non-pharmacological treatment, while REM sleep behaviour disorder (example of REM parasomnias) is much more likely to occur in adult age and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. There are 3 types of parasomnias associated with REM sleep: REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), isolated sleep paralysis, and nightmare disorder. Parasomnias can significantly disrupt the sleep quality of patients and their bed partners, day-time wakefulness, and can be hazardous. Detailed sleep history and clinical examination are of essential significance in differential diagnosis between sleep disorders, nocturnal epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. Non-pharmacological interventions such as sleep hygiene and safe sleeping environment play an important role in management of parasomnias.
Determining the required level of care for patients with acute bacterial meningitis: case reports and literature review
Authors: Makarevičius G. , Giedraitienė N. , Klimašauskienė A.
Published: October 2021

Bacterial meningitis remains a disease associated with high mortality. Thus, in some hospitals admission of most patients presenting with bacterial meningitis to the intensive care unit (ICU) was a standard procedure. However, ICUs require advanced technologies and highly specialized personnel. Since both economic and human resources are scarce, countries are attempting to develop the most accurate ICU admission criteria that can minimize over- and undertriage. The guidelines designed so far mainly suggest admitting patients to ICU based on their neurological status. However, since neurological condition is not the only factor contributing to the outcomes of bacterial meningitis, over- and undertriage cannot always be avoided. In this article, we present two cases of bacterial meningitis: an elderly man who was denied ICU care since his consciousness was only mildly altered, and a woman who was admitted to ICU because she was diagnosed with meningococcus meningitis. We will also review some literature regarding prognostic factors for bacterial meningitis in an attempt to distinguish valuable criteria for ICU admission.
Tinjauan Teologis terhadap Tradisi Kawin Tangkap di Pulau Sumba–Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Kamuri Johanis Putratama , Toumeluk Grace Mariany
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This paper aimed to determine the theological position of Christians towards the tradition of kawin tangkap (bride kidnapping or bridenapping) on Sumba Island. Kawin tangkap is a tradition of kidnapping woman to make her a bride. The tradition has become a social problem for the government and society, especially the Sumbanese women. Through hermeneutic approach, this research analyzes the tradition of kawin tangkap in Marapu’s perspective to determine the proper outlook of the church. The conceptual framework in the analysis was the concept of Christian marriage and the story of abducted wives in Judges 21. Through this analysis it was found that kawin tangkap is a tradition that opposes the Bible's teachings on marriage, a sign of spiritual decline, and the violence against women.Abstrak. Tulisan ini bertujuan menentukan sikap teologis orang Kristen terhadap tradisi kawin tangkap di Pulau Sumba. Kawin tangkap adalah tradisi penculikan perempuan untuk dijadikan isteri. Tradisi kawin tangkap menjadi masalah sosial yang meresahkan pemerintah dan masyarakat, khususnya kaum perempuan. Melalui pendekatan hermeneutis penelitian ini menganalisis tradisi kawin tangkap dalam perspektif Marapu untuk menentukan sikap gereja. Bingkai konseptual dalam analisis adalah konsep perkawinan dalam perspektif Kristen dan kisah penangkapan perempuan untuk dikawini dalam Hakim-hakim 21. Melaluinya ditemukan bahwa kawin tangkap adalah tradisi yang menentang ajaran Alkitab tentang perkawinan, tanda kemerosotan spiritual, dan merendahkan martabat perempuan.
REFORMA AGRARIA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Retno
Published: October 2021

Tujuan utama pembaharuan agraria di Indonesia yakni memberikan kesejahteraan kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Hal ini diupayakan Pemerintah melalui penyusunan kebijakan di bidang pertanahan, meskipun dalam perkembangannya terdapat kebijakan-kebijakan yang seolah mencederai falsafah dan prinsip hukum yang ada di dalam UUPA. Penelitian normatif yang menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan reforma agraria yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah, masih meninggalkan permasalahan utama yang dihadapi di bidang pertanahan yang menimbulkan konflik atau sengketa di bidang pertanahan khususnya legalisasi dan redistribusi tanah yang meskipun memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat namun juga mampu menjawab permasalahan mengenai sengketa pertanahan yang sebenarnya merupakan salah satu tugas utama yang harus diselesaikan dalam melaksanakan reformasi agraria. Peneltitian ini menyarankan pentingnya evaluasi terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan di bidang pertanahan dan tetap memperhatian falsafah maupun prinsip-prinsip dasar yang ada di dalam UUPA sehingga tujuan dari pembaharuan agraria dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya dan dapat memberikan dampak kesejahteraan kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat.The main purpose of agrarian reform in Indonesia is to provide welfare to all levels of society. The Government was strive on this issue through formulating policies in the land sector, even though in practice there are policies that seem to injure the philosophy and legal principles contained in the UUPA. This normative research that uses the statute approach method shows that in the implementation of agrarian reform that has been carried out by the government, it still leaves the main problems faced in the land sector that cause conflicts or disputes in the land sector, especially land legalization and redistribution although has a positive impact on society but is also able to answer problems regarding land disputes which is actually one of the main tasks that must be resolved in implementing agrarian reform. This research suggests the importance of evaluating policies in the land sector while still paying attention to the philosophy and basic principles contained in the UUPA so that the objectives of agrarian reform can run properly and can have a welfare impact on all levels of society.
Development of a protocol for a closed mobile internet channel based on post-quantum algorithms
Authors: Євсєєв С.П. , Погасій С.С. , Хвостенко В.С.
Published: October 2021

The development of computing technologies has made it possible not only to expand the range of mobile communication services, but also to significantly increase computing capabilities. The emergence of mobile Internet, 4G, 5G technologies makes it possible to talk about a fundamentally different approach to ensuring the quality of service to network customers, creating fundamentally new approaches to ensuring the efficiency and reliability of transmitted information flows. However, such a rapid growth of GSM technologies without the introduction of security services leads to active actions of attackers and cyber terrorists, the emergence of new and modification of known threats. Mobile communication channels are used by cybercriminals for selfish purposes of access to database resources not only of the mobile Internet, but also to the databases of information and communication systems and networks. The article proposes a fundamentally new approach to ensuring the closure of the voice channel of the mobile Internet based on post-quantum cryptography algorithms – McEliece and Niederreiter crypto-code constructions on elliptic codes. This approach provides not only the offline mode of closing the voice channel and creating a VPN channel in tunnel mode, but also the required level of cryptographic strength in the face of the emergence of full-scale quantum computers.
Development of the external restructuring method to increase the efficiency of information resource data encoding
Authors: Хмелевський С.І. , Тупиця І.М. , Махдi Kaciм Aббуд , Мусієнко О.П. , Пархоменко М.В. , Боровенський Я.О.
Published: October 2021

The existing methods of data restructuring, implemented in modern algorithms for coding data of information resources, are investigated. The problematic aspects of using methods of external data restructuring are analyzed from the standpoint of ensuring the appropriate level of reliability. The main ones among them are the possibility of losing key information during the reconstruction of the original message, which can lead to the adoption of erroneous and untimely decisions by the relevant security sector authorities to overcome crisis situations. Requirements for information resources used in the interests of security sector bodies in the context of the need for a prompt response to overcoming crisis situations are being formed. In order to increase the efficiency of data coding of an information resource from the position of a compact representation in conditions of ensuring an appropriate level of quality, a method of external restructuring is being developed, which additionally allows to eliminate psycho-visual, statistical and structural redundancy of the message. External restructuring of data means the formation of a new message alphabet (color palette for an image). A new approach to restructuring these information resources is proposed, the essence of which is to determine the significance of individual elements in the initial message by a quantitative indicator, and then adjust the power of the original message, which allows creating more favorable conditions for further coding.
Transdiagnostische Therapie durch Mentalisierungsfördernde Verhaltenstherapie (MVT) – Modul 6 und 7
Authors: Sulz Serge K. D. , Theßen Lars
Published: October 2021

Mentalisierungsfördernde Verhaltenstherapie ist eine Weiterentwicklung der Strategisch-Behavioralen Therapie (SBT). Sie baut auf der Bindungstheorie, dem Mentalisierungsansatz von Fonagy und Mitarbeitern sowie der Entwicklungspsychologie Piagets auf. Sie besteht aus sieben Therapiemodulen: dem Bindungs-Beziehungs-Modul, den beiden Akzeptanzmodulen Überlebensregel/inneres Arbeitsmodell und Achtsamkeit/Akzeptanz, den beiden Mentalisierungsmodulen Emotion Tracking und Metakognition – Mentalisierung sowie den beiden Entwicklungsmodulen mit dem Schritt von der Affektauf die Denkenstufe sowie dem Schritt von der Denkenstufe auf die Empathiestufe. In dieser Arbeit werden die letzten beiden Entwicklungsmodule beschrieben, die ersten fünf sind Gegenstand des ersten Artikels. Ziele der MVT sind Bindungssicherheit, Affektregulierung, Selbstwirksamkeit und Empathiefähigkeit.
Psychiatrische Kurz-Psychotherapie (PKP) bei Alkoholabhängigkeit
Authors: Antoni Julia
Published: October 2021

Alkoholpatienten bleiben in der psychiatrischen Praxis oft unterversorgt. Vorurteile und Rahmenbedingungen erschweren es Ärzten und Psychotherapeuten, mit dem komplexen Krankheitsbild adäquat umzugehen. In der praktischen Arbeit in der ambulanten Alkoholentwöhnung an unserer Fachambulanz in München haben wir ein systematisches Therapiekonzept erarbeitet, das im Einzelund Gruppensetting ein strukturiertes Vorgehen ermöglicht. Damit kann auch im 20-Minuten-Sprechstundensetting eine zielführende Kurzzeittherapie mit Patienten mit Alkoholproblematik durchgeführt werden. Das Konzept arbeitet mit Therapiekarten, die jeweils die notwendigen Informationen für den Behandler und ein Arbeitsblatt für den Patienten beinhalten. Zentrale Themen sind die Förderung von Krankheitseinsicht und Motivation, der (Wieder-)Aufbau von Ressourcen, das Entwickeln eines subjektiven Krankheitsmodells als Grundlage für die Abstinenzentscheidung und der Aufbau von sozialen und emotionalen Fertigkeiten.
Assessment of the content of tritium and its compounds in soil and vegetation in the region of nuclear power plants with VVER type reactors
Authors: Barchukov Valery G. , Kochetkov Oleg A. , Kabanov Dmitry I. , Maksimov Aleksei A. , Kuznetsova Larisa I. , Eremina Natalya A. , Berezin Sergy V.
Published: October 2021

Currently, scientists pay great attention to the intake of tritium and its compounds when assessing the impact of radiation-hazardous objects on the environment and humans. Now, there are no acceptable industrial technologies for the effective capture of this radionuclide; therefore, all tritium generated during the operation of nuclear power plants enters the environment with emissions and discharges. Consequently, it leads to an increase in its concentration in environmental objects, including soil and vegetation. This fact determines the need to assess its content in the ground and vegetation. The study aims to develop a method for determining the content of tritium in soil and vegetation. To develop a methodology for assessing the content of tritium in soil and vegetation, we used the technique of preparing counting samples based on burning the selected examples in a specialized Pyrolyser 6-Trio furnace. Previously, scientists conducted some laboratory studies to assess the acceptability of this method of sample preparation. We measured the counting samples on a Tri-CARB 3180 TR/SL liquid scintillation meter. Scientists have developed and certified a method for determining tritium in soil and vegetation. Furthermore, we investigated the content of tritium and its compounds in the environment in the area of the Nuclear Power Plant based on a comprehensive assessment. Researchers found tritium content in soil and vegetation in settlements near nuclear power plants with VVER type reactors. The main routes of entry of tritium and its compounds into vegetation are the air path and the access of tritium from the ground. The presented data determine the need for systematic studies on the accumulation of tritium in environmental objects.
KESEHATAN IBU NIFAS
Authors: Marlis Muh Isral
Published: October 2021

Masa nifas merupakan hal penting untuk diperhatikan guna menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi di Indonesia. Asuhan masa nifas penting diberikan pada ibu dan bayi, karena Merupakan masa krisis baik ibu dan bayi.
Kesehatan Anak Dan Balita By Kelompok 3
Authors: Rustam Ikrima Auliyah
Published: October 2021

Masalah kesehatan anak adalah permasalahan global yang terjadi hingga di Indonesia. Tidak hanya menimpa kota-kota besar, namun juga sampai ke pelosok Indonesia. Setiap tahun lebih dari sepertiga kematian anak di dunia berkaitan dengan masalah kurang gizi.
Kelompok 5 kesehatan ibu hamil
Authors: Nurmaeni Putri
Published: October 2021

Di Indonesia banyak terjadi kasus Kekurangan Energi Kronis terutama yang kemungkinan disebabkan karena adanya ketidak seimbangan asupan gizi (energi dan protein), sehingga zat gizi yang dibutuhkan tubuh tidak tercukupi. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan pertumbuhan tubuh baik fisik ataupun mental tidak sempurna seperti yang seharusnya. Pada Ibu hamil yang menderita Kekurangan Energi Kronis mempunyai risiko kematian ibu mendadak pada masa perinatal atau risiko melahirkan bayi dengan berat lahir rendah (BBLR)
Ppt Presentasi : Imunisasi by Kelompok 1
Authors: Cantika Rindi Dwi
Published: October 2021

Indonesia memiliki konsep imunisasi rutin lengkap yang dibagi menjadi imunisasi dasar dan imunisasi lanjutan. Pelaksanaan imunisasi ini dibagi berdasarkan usia anak. Imunisasi dasar pada anak adalah langkah pencegahan utama dan imunisasi lanjutan berfungsi untuk menjaga imunitas agar tetap optimal seiring bertambahnya usia.
ASI DAN MP-ASI
Authors: Rahmayanti
Published: October 2021

ASI merupakan cairan emas yang diracik oleh Yang Maha Sempurna dan tidak ada produk buatan manusia (susu formula ataupun sejenisnya) yang mampu menandinginya. ASI mengandung kurang lebih 500 jenis nutrisi dan susu formula hanya sekitar 40 jenis saja. ASI adalah susu yang diciptakan Tuhan khusus untuk bayi manusia. Susu formula yang dibuat dari susu sapi atau kedelai hanyalah dibuat menyerupai ASI dan iklan yang sebaliknya dapat menyesatkan. Akan tetapi karena gencarnya iklan-iklan di berbagai media target nasional 80% ASI eksklusif untuk mencapai MDGs 2015. Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) adalah makanan atau minuman yang mengandung zat gizi, diberikan kepada bayi atau anak usia 6-24 bulan guna memenuhi kebutuhan gizi selain dari ASI. MP-ASI berupa makanan padat atau cair yang diberikan secara bertahap sesuai dengan usia dan kemampuan pencernaan bayi. Pada usia 6-24 bulan ASI hanya menyediakan 1/2 kebutuhan gizi bayi. Dan pada usia 12-24 bulan ASI menyediakan 1/3 dari kebutuhan gizinya. Sehingga MP-ASI harus diberikan pada saat bayi berusia 6 bulan (Kemenkes RI, 2014).
Developmental changes in reward processing are reward specific
Authors: Veselic Sebastijan , Smid Claire Rosalie , Steinbeis Nikolaus
Published: October 2021

Rewards have a profound impact on human motivation, cognition, affect and behavior. The study of reward processing and the effects of incentives thus occupies a central place in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. A core assumption when comparing groups or individuals is that reward types are valued equally. Here we test the validity of this assumption in a sample of 26 adults 23 children (7-11 years) using both primary (i.e. pleasant taste) and secondary rewards (i.e. money). We show that adults value money more than pleasant tastes, while children value them equally, a developmental pattern replicated across three distinct tasks including subjective valuation, willingness to exert cognitive effort, and the invigorating effects on cognitive control. Our findings suggest that money increases in value with age, presumably with experience, and warrant caution when interpreting group differences in reward processing, at least in a developmental framework. Future work should expand to using incentives that are appropriate to the groups under investigation.
Some Characteristics and Arguments in Favor of a Science of Machine Behavior Analysis
Authors: Lanovaz Marc J
Published: October 2021

Currently, researchers and practitioners recognize four domains of behavior analysis: radical behaviorism, the experimental analysis of behavior, applied behavior analysis, and the practice of behavior analysis. Given the omnipresence of technology in every sphere of our lives, the purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe and argue in favor of a fifth domain: machine behavior analysis. Machine behavior analysis is a science that examines how machines interact with and produce relevant changes in their external environment by relying on replicability, behavioral terminology, and the philosophical assumptions of behavior analysis (e.g., selectionism, determinism, parsimony) to study their artificial behavior. Arguments in favor of a science of machine behavior include the omnipresence and impact of machines on human behavior, the inability of engineering alone to explain and control machine behavior, and the need to organize a community of non-mentalistic scientists around a common issue. Regardless of whether behavior analysts agree or disagree with our position, we argue that we need to debate the topic. As such, the current article aims to encourage and contribute to this debate.
A Qualitative Study exploring health workers and patient caregivers’ hand hygiene practices in a neonatal unit in Blantyre, Malawi, implications for controlling outbreaks of drug resistant infections
Authors: MacPherson Eleanor , Mangochi Helen , Tolhurst Rachel , Simpson Victoria , Kawaza Kondwani , Chidziwisano Kondwani , Morse Tracy , Feasey Nicholas
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is responsible for a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Outcomes from neonatal sepsis are worsening due to increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. Sub-optimal Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practices of health care workers and caregivers are important drivers of infection transmission.Aim: The Chatinkha Neonatal Unit at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi has experienced multiple outbreaks of neonatal sepsis, associated with drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. We aimed to understand the barriers to implementation of optimal IPC focusing on hand hygiene practice.Materials and Methods: We used a qualitative research methodology to meet the study aim. Combining participant observation (PO) over a seven-month period with semi structured interviews (SSI) to provide an in-depth understanding of activities relating to hygiene and IPC existing on the ward. Results: While most staff and some caregivers, had a good understanding of ideal IPC and understood the importance of good handwashing practices, they faced substantial structural limitations, and scarce resources (both material and human) which made implementation challenging. For staff, the overwhelming numbers of patients meant the workload was often unmanageable and practicing optimal IPC was typically impossible. Caregivers lacked access to basic amenities, including linen and chairs, meaning that it was almost impossible for them to maintain good hand hygiene. Limited access to soap and the erratic water supply for both caregivers and healthcare workers further worsened the situation. Communication challenges between different cadres of staff and with patient caregivers meant that those handling neonates and cleaning the wards were often unaware of outbreaks of drug resistant infection. Conclusion: For IPC to be improved, interventions need to address the chronic shortages of material resources and create an enabling environment for HCWs and patient caregivers.
Yeast Fermentation Product Improves Pre-transit Antioxidant Defense and Post-transit Performance of Beef Steers
Authors: Deters Erin , Hansen Stephanie L.
Published: October 2021

Steers supplemented Diamond V NaturSafe, a yeast fermentation product, at the manufacturer’s current recommended dose for receiving cattle (12 g/steer/d) during a 19-d preconditioning period exhibited greater antioxidant (glutathione) capacity prior to a 19-h transit event. Regardless of treatment, activity of the antioxidant enzyme Mn-superoxide dismutase was increased post-transit, suggesting more antioxidants may be needed to combat transit-induced stress. Supplementing NaturSafe at 12 g/steer/d during both preconditioning and receiving also improved feedlot performance early in the receiving period (d 0 to 30). These data suggest increasing antioxidant status may be an effective strategy to help cattle prepare for and recover from a stressful event, such as long-distance transit.
Legal gaslighting
Authors: Cheung Alvin YH
Published: October 2021

Suppose that an authoritarian regime wants to make changes to legal norms or institutions to consolidate its hold on political power. Suppose further that the regime in question cannot simply ignore the domestic or international costs of doing so, and that it has an interest in responding to critiques of these changes based on liberal democratic norms and the rule of law. How can it do so? One possible approach is to sow confusion and undermine the normative standards themselves – in effect, to ‘gaslight’ the domestic or international audience (or both). To that end, a regime might assert that the change it proposes resembles a ‘best practice’ from one or more other jurisdictions. Such emulation need not be thorough, or even sincere; it may suffice simply to assert that a proposed change resembles that in a jurisdiction with ironclad rule-of-law credentials. The changes being adopted may bear no real resemblance to the ‘comparators’ on closer examination. Alternatively, the measures being adopted may be similar on their face, but operate in such a different context that they end up serving a very different function to the function they perform in the comparator jurisdiction. Such gaslighting need not succeed in deceiving outsiders or subjects; undermining the standards by which legal reforms are measured, sowing confusion, or providing a superficial pretext for inaction may be sufficient.
Processing of Subject and Object Case Markers in Turkish
Authors: ERDEVİR Elif , AYGUNES Mehmet
Published: October 2021

There is no consensus in terms of processing subject- object case markers (Bornkessel, et al., 2004; Schlesewsky & Frisch, 2005; Mueller, et al., 2005; Chow, et al., 2018). The purpose of this study is to determine how +/- definite objects affect the processing cost and to reveal whether there is a processing difference in subject-object case markers. In the first analysis, it is observed that + definite objects are processed easier than - definite objects. Possible reasons are different definiteness and specificity of +/- definite objects and - definite objects creating pseudo incorporation with verb, which causes additional processing cost. In the second analysis, it is observed that subject case creates more processing cost than object case. It is thought that assignment of case markers of subject within TP, object within VP, linear distance between subject and verb, and involvement of more features in subject assignment may cause this difference.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DAN HAK MEMPEROLEH KESELAMATAN KERJA BAGI TENAGA KESEHATAN AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Armeilia Dwi
Published: October 2021

Medical workers are a noble profession, especially amid the Covid-19. One of the aspects that have received the most impact from this pandemic is in the health sector. The problems in the health sector have become increasingly dangerous in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. The current condition is a concern for all people regarding efforts to control and overcome the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. This includes doctors and other health professionals. The number of deaths of medical personnel, especially doctors and nurses, is increasing. This research focuses on Indonesia's legal policies regulating protection and the fulfillment of safety work rights for health workers who are dealing with the pandemic. The legal method used in this research is normative legal research. The results show that legal protection and fulfillment of the right to safety for medical personnel have been regulated in legislation. However, these provisions do not specifically regulate the potential dangers of the spread of the Covid-19 virus.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SELF CONTROL DAN SELF ESTEEM DENGAN PERILAKU MENYONTEK PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Perianto Eko
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan negatif antara kontrol diri terhadap perilaku mencontek dan harga diri terhadap perilaku mencontek pada peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Stratified Random Samplin. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 25 % dari jumlah populasi yaitu 64 orang. Teknik dalam pengambilan data dengan menggunakan skala kontrol diri, skala harga diri dan skala perilaku mencontek. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan Analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pada hipotesis Pertama menunjukkan bahwa antara kontrol diri (self control) dengan perilaku mencontek (cheating behavior) dinyatakan signifikan dengan nilai r = -0,407 (p<0,05). Menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kontrol diri (self control) dengan perilaku mencontek (cheating behavior). (2) Pada hipotesis kedua menunjukkan bahwa antara harga diri (self esteem) dengan perilaku mencontek (cheating behavior) dinyatakan signifikan  dengan nilai   r = -0,541 (p<0,05). Menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara harga diri (self esteem)  dengan perilaku mencontek (cheating behavior)._______________________________________________________________This study aims to determine whether there is a negative relationship between self-control on cheating behavior and self-esteem on cheating behavior among junior high school students in Yogyakarta. Sampling in this study using a Stratified Random Samplin. The sample in this study is 25% of the total population, namely 64 people. Techniques in collecting data using a scale of self-control, a scale of self-esteem and a scale of cheating behavior. The analysis technique in this research is using correlation analysis. The results showed that (1) The first hypothesis shows that between self-control and cheating behavior is significant with a value of r = -0.407 (p <0.05). This shows that there is a significant negative relationship between self-control and cheating behavior. (2) The second hypothesis shows that self-esteem and cheating behavior are significant with a value of r = -0.541 (p <0.05). It shows that there is a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and cheating behavior. For further researchers, they can develop further with regard to testing hypotheses with the variable cheating behavior on other variables. Where there are other factors that can influence it so that further research can be carried out in depth by further researchers.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antihemolytic Activities of Two Daphne gnidium Leaves Extracts
Authors: Kaabour F. , Mezaache-Aichour S. , Aissat K.
Published: October 2021

In this study, Daphne gnidium leaves extracts were screened for their Phenolic content, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antihemolitic activities. Decoction and maceration were used to obtain the aqueous (Aq E) and the ethanolic extract (Et E), respectively. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Moreover, a disc diffusion assay and inhibition of mycelial growth test were applied to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity. The extracts were also tested for their antioxidant effects in terms of DPPH, OH, H2O2, β-carotene, and ferrous ion chelating assays. To investigate antihemolytic activity, the 2,2,-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was used to induce erythrocyte oxidative hemolysis. Results indicated that ethanolic extract (Et E) contains the highest polyphenol content (775.25 μg GAE/mg extract). The Et E inhibited the growth of bacterial strains with inhibition zone diameters from 7 to 15 mm. In contrast, no activities have been found against all fungal strains. In antihemolytic test, aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed almost the same effect with an HT50 value of 106 min. Ethanolic extract was found to be more active in DPPH and β-carotene assays (IC50: 5.76 μg/ml and 70% inhibition respectively). However, the aqueous extract showed a greater effect than the ethanolic one in metal chelating activity assay (IC50: 170 μg/ml), OH scavenging effect assay (IC50: 9.67 μg/ml) and H2O2 scavenging assay (IC50: 133.2 μg/ml).
Modern groups of insecticides: diamides and meta-diamides
Authors: Davlianidze* Tatyana Alekseevna , Eremina Olga Yuryevna
Published: October 2021

The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign authors on the practical efficacy, mechanisms of action and insect resistance concerning insecticides of the groups of diamides and meta-diamides. The prospects of their application in Russia in agriculture and medical disinsection are considered. Insects resistant to OР’s, carbamates, pyrethroids remain the susceptibility to diamides and meta-diamides. Broflanilide, a pro-insecticide, which, due to its transformation into desmethylbroflanilide in the body of arthropods, acquires physicochemical properties leading to improved lipophilicity, water solubility, stability, affecting systemic activity, slowing down the action on harmful insects and increased selectivity for non-target species, is considered in detail. In several countries of the world where diamides are widely used in the controlling agricultural pests, a high resistance of several species of noctuids, diamondback moth, pyralid moths, tomato leafminer, etc. has been established. The key factors that determined the resistance to diamide in Thailand were the lack of insecticide rotation, minimal crop rotation, insufficient insecticide dosage, and irrigation. The necessity of introducing diamides and meta-diamides into the insecticide rotation schemes in order to control the insects resistant to traditionally used active substances was revealed.
Prospects of transition of ferrous metallurgy enterprises of Russia to the use of carbon-free technologies
Authors: Pleshchenko V. I.
Published: October 2021

The intention to preserve a comfort habitat for the mankind finds expression in the attempts to decrease the anthropogenic impact on the environment. A concept “carbon footprint” appeared, which reflects input of some kind of activity to the environment pollution. The desire to influence producers’ behavior and make them decrease their carbon footprint under existing conditions results in elaboration new kinds of taxes and duties, stimulating modernization of technological process and decrease of harmful substances emissions. It is expected that in case of the taxes being implemented by big metal products consumers, such as Western Europe, will result in considerable change of the metal products market. An analysis of various ways of metal producers’ adaptation to operation in conditions of the expected changes presented. It was shown that such organization measures as lobbying of interests and artificial differentiation of business on provisionally “clean” and “dirty” will result in a rather restricted result. Thereupon actuality of a radical modernization of production capacities to decarbonize the technologies of steel production grows. Replacement of the carbon by hydrogen for reducing of iron oxides is the most advanced technological solution. At the same time, the hydrogen metallurgy is not yet implemented anywhere on industrial scale, and the hydrogen application in the production cycle results in a lot of questions, having not yet definite answers. A SWOT-analysis presented, demonstrating advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen technology mastering by metals producers.
juiz das garantias como elemento renovador do sistema acusatório brasileiro
Authors: Caporal Hugo Chaves , Silva Guilherme Amorim Campos da
Published: October 2021

Este artigo discute as inovações feitas pela Lei 13.964/2019 e a implantação do juiz das garantias. Para isso, visitará desde o processo legislativo que inaugurou o dispositivo, impulsionando uma reflexão sobre o atual funcionamento do inquérito policial e do processo penal, discorrendo sobre aspectos técnicos que sofreram alterações como o controle da legalidade, arquivamento e prisões processuais. Por último, analisará os principais argumentos trazidos das Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade 6298, 6299 e 6300, que buscam impedir a inauguração desta figura dentro do direito brasileiro.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat masyarakat mengajukan kredit di Financial Technology
Authors: Aulia  , Zulkarnaini  , Ridho Kismawadi Early
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out how ease of use, effectiveness and risk affected people’s interest in applying for dibfintech loans. The type of research used is quantitative. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires. The population in this study is the entire community in the district of Aceh Tamiang. The sampling technique used was a quota sampling technique with a total of 75 people. Data analysis techniques using the classic assumption test, multiple linear regression test, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination test. The results showed that partial ease of use had a positive and significant effect on people’s interest in applying for credit at fintech with a value of t arithmetic 2,506 > 1,993 (t table) and sig value 0,003 < 0,05. Partially the effectiveness is positive and significant effect on people’s interest in applying for credit in fintech with a calculated exchange rate of 3,603 > 1,993 (t table) and a sig value of 0,002 < 0,05. Partially the risk of positive and significant effect on people’s interest in applying for credit in fintech with a value of t arithmetic 2,296 > 1,993 ( t table) and a sig value of 0,004 < 0,05. Simultaneously the ease of use, effectiveness and risk have a positive and significant impact on people’s interest in applying for credit at fintech. This is evidenced by the calculated F value > F table (4,192 > 3,12)
Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Motivasi dan Modal Minimum terhadap Minat Berinvestasi
Authors: Maulida Dewi , FW Pospos Ade Fadillah
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Motivasi dan Modal Minimum Terhadap Minat Investasi di Pasar Modal pada Galeri Investasi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam IAIN Langsa. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan penarikan Sampel purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa FEBI angkatan ≥2016 yang mempunyai rekening saham sebanyak 65 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan membagikan kepada mahasiswa FEBI yang telah memiliki rekening saham. Metode Analisis Data menggunakan regresi linear berganda, uji asumsi klasik dan uji hipotesis (uji t dan uji F). Hasil penelitian uji t menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing variabel independen yaitu Pengetahuan, Motivasi dan Modal Minimum secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Hasil penelitian uji F menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara besama-sama antara variabel Pengetahuan, Motivasi dan Modal Minimum terhadap minat investasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini berdasarkan analisis koefisien determinasi (adjusted R2) bahwa 61% variasi nilai minat investasi ditentukan oleh tiga variabel yaitu Pengetahuan, Motivasi dan Modal Minimum. Sedangkan sisanya 39% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini.