bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of electrically conducting textiles by in situ polymerization of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa , Oh Kyung Wha , Kang Tae Jin
Published: May 2005

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was in situ polymerized on nylon 6, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) fabrics using ferric p‐toluenesulfonic acid (FepTS) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) as oxidants. The effect of the organic solvents used in the polymerization bath was investigated. Prepared PEDOT/nylon 6 composite fabrics have superior electrical conductivity (0.75 S/cm, in ethanol solvent) compared to those of the other PEDOT composite fabrics. In particular, after five cycles of polymerization, the electrical conductivity of the composite fabric reached about 2 S/cm. However, the nylon 6 fabric was damaged by EDOT radical cations and the strong acidity of FepTS during the polymerization process. It was concluded that PTT fabric, which has excellent elastic recovery and acid resistance, is a suitable substrate for in situ polymerization of PEDOT, because the PEDOT/PTT composite fabric was hardly damaged during the polymerization process and its electrical conductivity is comparatively good (0.36 S/cm, in butanol solvent). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1326–1332, 2005
Curing kinetics of UV‐initiated cationic photopolymerization of divinyl ether photosensitized by thioxanthone
Authors: Cho Jung‐Dae , Hong Jin‐Who
Published: May 2005

Photodifferential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the photocuring kinetics of UV‐initiated cationic photopolymerizations of 1,4‐cyclohexane dimethanol divinyl ether (CHVE) monomer with and without a photosensitizer, 2,4‐diethylthioxanthone (DETX), in the presence of a diaryliodonium‐salt photoinitiator. Two kinetics parameters, the rate constant (k) and the order of the initiation reaction (m), were determined for the CHVE system with different amounts of added DETX photosensitizer (0–1 wt %) and at different isothermal temperatures (25–55°C) using an autocatalytic kinetics model. The photosensitized CHVE system exhibited much higher k and m values than did the nonphotosensitized system, which was attributable to the effects of photosensitization. Furthermore, the values of k and m for both CHVE systems increased significantly with increasing isothermal temperature because of a thermal contribution toward increasing the mobility of active species. The addition of DETX lowered the activation energy for the UV‐curable vinyl ether system. The collision factor for the system with DETX was higher than that obtained for the system without DETX, indicating that the reactivity of the former was greater than that of the latter because of the photosensitization effect. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1345–1351, 2005
Soluble and light‐colored polyimides from 2,3,2′,3′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride and aromatic diamines
Authors: Yang Chin‐Ping , Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Chen Yung‐Chung
Published: May 2005

A series of polyimides were prepared from 2,3,2′,3′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (3,3′‐ODPA) with various aromatic diamines via three different synthetic procedures. The one‐step and two‐step methods with the thermal imidization of poly(amic acids) (PAAs) yielded polyimides with a relatively low inherent viscosity; these produced brittle films. The polyimides prepared by the two‐step method via the chemical imidization of PAA precursors exhibited a higher inherent viscosity and afforded tough and creaseable films. All the 3,3′‐ODPA based polyimides had a significantly higher solubility than the corresponding polyimides from 3,4,3′,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride. The films cast from 3,3′‐ODPA polyimides also showed high optical transparencies and less color, with an ultraviolet–visible absorption edge of 370–397 nm and low yellowness index values of 11.3–29.8. These polyimides exhibited glass‐transition temperatures in the range 211–289°C and showed no significant decomposition below 500°C under nitrogen or air atmospheres. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1352–1360, 2005
Anomalous sorption kinetics in the methanol vapor–poly(methyl methacrylate) system
Authors: Dimos V. , Sanopoulou M.
Published: May 2005

The non‐Fickian sorption kinetics of methanol vapor in poly(methyl methacrylate) films 8 and 51 μm thick at 25°C are presented. The behavior of the system was studied in series of interval and integral absorption runs. The relevant diffusion coefficient and viscous relaxation processes were studied separately by kinetic analysis of the first and second stages of sorption kinetic curves. The sorption isotherm concaved upward at high activities, this being typical of Flory–Huggins behavior, whereas it exhibited a convex‐upward curvature at low methanol vapor activities, this indicating sorption in the excess free volume of the polymer matrix. After excess free‐volume fill‐up, the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient was found to be well represented by the free‐volume theory of Vrentas and Duda. Relaxation frequencies calculated from the second stage of two‐stage curves exhibited a weak dependence on the concentration. Integral sorption experiments indicated that the system exhibited nearly case II kinetics at high methanol vapor activities. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1184–1195, 2005
Mesomomorphism enhancement of modified side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polysiloxanes by copolymerization
Authors: Sun Qiu‐Ju , Zhang Bao‐Yan , Jia Ying‐Gang , Yang Lu
Published: May 2005

The liquid‐crystalline (LC) monomer 4‐allyoxybenzoyloxy‐4′‐buthylbenzoyloxy‐p‐phenyl (M1), whose LC phase appeared at lower temperatures, from 137 to 227°C, and the modified mesogenic monomer 4‐allyoxybenzoyloxy‐4′‐methyloxybenzoyloxy‐p‐biphenyl (M2), whose LC phase appeared at higher temperatures, from 185 to 312°C, were prepared. A series of side‐chain LC polysiloxanes containing M1 and M2 were prepared by graft copolymerization. Their LC properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarizing optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The results show that the introduction of the modified mesogenic monomer M2 into the polymeric structure caused an additional increase in the clearing point (isotropic transition temperature) of the corresponding polysiloxanes, compared with unmodified polysiloxanes, but did not significantly affect the glass‐transition temperature. Moreover, the modified polysiloxanes exhibited nematic phases as the unmodified polymer did. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1196–1201, 2005
Antibody purification by concanavalin A affinity chromatography
Authors: Bereli Nilay , Akgöl Sinan , Yavuz Handan , Denizli Adil
Published: May 2005

Concanavalin A (Con A) immobilized poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) beads in a spherical form (100–150 μm in diameter) were used for the affinity chromatography purification of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) from aqueous solutions and human plasma. PHEMA adsorbents were prepared by suspension polymerization. Bioligand Con A was then immobilized by covalent binding onto PHEMA beads. The maximum IgG adsorption on the PHEMA/Con A beads was observed at pH 6.0. The nonspecific IgG adsorption onto the plain PHEMA adsorbents was very low (ca. 0.17 mg/g). Higher adsorption values (up to 54.3 mg/g) were obtained when the PHEMA/Con A beads were used from aqueous solutions. A higher adsorption capacity was observed for human plasma (up to 69.4 mg/g) with a purity of 82.5%. The adsorption capacities of other blood proteins were 2.0 mg/g for fibrinogen and 4.2 mg/g for albumin. The total protein adsorption was determined to be 76.0 mg/g. IgG molecules could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with the PHEMA/Con A beads without noticeable loss in the IgG adsorption capacity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1202–1208, 2005
Scission of the poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) chain by excited‐state acridine
Authors: Tsuchiya Masahiro , Oouchi Yasuhiro , Tanaka Shuuichi , Kojima Takakazu
Published: May 2005

A photochemical reaction between acridine and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (PMCA) was studied in benzene to build a recyclable polymer photodegradation system. The illumination of acridine in the presence of PMCA with 365‐nm light induced the bleaching of acridine and the degradation of PMCA. The average molecular weight of the degraded polymer decreased rapidly for the first 30 min of the photolysis. A nonvolatile product of this reaction was found to have a 2‐methyl‐2‐propenyl end group. The efficiency of the PMCA scission by this method was 30 times as large as that of poly(methyl methacrylate). These results suggest that an efficient photochemical polymer decomposition system can be built by adding the mixing process of a little methacrylic acid into the synthetic processes of general vinyl polymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1209–1212, 2005
Crosslinkable polypropylene composites made by the introduction of silane moieties
Authors: Sirisinha Kalyanee , Kawko Keskanok
Published: May 2005

Silane‐crosslinkable polypropylene (PP) composites containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a filler have been investigated. The melt grafting of vinyl trimethoxysilane to PP with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator is demonstrated. The thermal and mechanical properties of the crosslinkable products are also discussed. The results show that two reactions, that is, silane grafting and PP degradation, take place in parallel. The extents of silane grafting and PP degradation strongly depend on the reaction temperature, grafting formulation, and amount of the filler in the systems. Increasing the DCP concentration (up to 0.05 wt %) leads to an increase in the grafting degree. However, when the concentration of radicals is over a certain degree, the dominant reaction is PP chain scission. This results in a drastic decrease in the polymer viscosity. In systems containing both silane and CaCO3, the viscosity of the polymer is higher than that of a grafted sample without CaCO3 addition; in other words, the effect of the filler on the polymer viscosity compensates for the effect caused by PP degradation. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that the crystallization starts earlier for grafted samples. The percentage of the crystallinity of grafted PP is higher than that of the pure polymer. The incorporated silane does not have a strong effect on the mobility of the PP chains, as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis. In comparison with ungrafted composites, the silane‐crosslinkable products show higher tensile stress and modulus. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1476–1483, 2005
Photothermal methods and atomic force microscopy images applied to the study of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) dense membranes
Authors: Poley L. H. , Siqueira A. P. L. , da Silva M. G. , Sanchez R. , Prioli R. , Mansanares A. M. , Vargas H.
Published: May 2005

Thermal and transport properties of some polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate and poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate copolymers at different concentrations (8, 14, and 22%), were studied by using photoacoustic and photothermal techniques. Mass diffusion coefficients were obtained for carbon dioxide and oxygen by using a gas analyzer. Specific heat capacity measurements were performed by monitoring temperature of the samples under white light illumination against time. Thermal diffusivities were determined by using the open photoacoustic cell configuration. The results were discussed considering the incorporation of hydroxyvalerate units in the poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) unit cell and were correlated with atomic force microscopy images of the upper surface of membranes. New information on transport properties of PHAs is provided. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1491–1497, 2005
Synthesis of polychloroprene–silica composites by sol‐gel method in the presence of modified polychloroprene containing triethoxysilyl group
Authors: Sunada Kiyoshi , Takenaka Katsuhiko , Shiomi Tomoo
Published: May 2005

Triethoxysilyl‐modified polychloroprene (CR) latex was synthesized by the emulsion copolymerization of 2‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)‐1,3‐butadiene with chloroprene. This latex was mixed with unmodified CR latex and tetraethoxysilane to obtain CR–silica composites by sol‐gel reaction in the latex. SEM observation showed that the silica particles in unvulcanized composites have various diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 μ m, and their size became larger with the decrease of the silica content. Vulcanized CR–silica composites showed that the tensile modulus and tear strength improved with an increase of the amount of modified CR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1545–1552, 2005
R‐sequences: Relative indicators for the rhythm of science
Authors: Liang Liming
Published: May 2005

Like most activities in the world, scientific evolution has its own rhythm. How can this evolutionary rhythm be described and made visible? Do different fields have different rhythms, and how can they be measured? In order to answer these questions a relative indicator, called R‐sequence, was designed. This indicator is time dependent, derived from publication and citation data, but independent of the absolute number of publications, as well as the absolute number of citations, and can therefore be used in a comparison of different scientific fields, nations, institutes, or journals. Two calculation methods of the R‐sequence—the triangle method and the parallelogram method—are introduced. As a case study JASIS(T)'s R‐sequence has been obtained.
Using top‐ranking sentences to facilitate effective information access
Authors: White Ryen W. , Jose Joemon M. , Ruthven Ian
Published: May 2005

Web searchers typically fail to view search results beyond the first page nor fully examine those results presented to them. In this article we describe an approach that encourages a deeper examination of the contents of the document set retrieved in response to a searcher's query. The approach shifts the focus of perusal and interaction away from potentially uninformative document surrogates (such as titles, sentence fragments, and URLs) to actual document content, and uses this content to drive the information seeking process. Current search interfaces assume searchers examine results document‐by‐document. In contrast our approach extracts, ranks, and presents the contents of the top‐ranked document set. We use query‐relevant top‐ranking sentences extracted from the top documents at retrieval time as fine‐grained representations of top‐ranked document content and, when combined in a ranked list, an overview of these documents. The interaction of the searcher provides implicit evidence that is used to reorder the sentences where appropriate. We evaluate our approach in three separate user studies, each applying these sentences in a different way. The findings of these studies show that top‐ranking sentences can facilitate effective information access.
Fourier transform infrared/vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy as an informative tool for the investigation of large supramolecular complexes of biological macromolecules
Authors: Polyanichko Alexander , Wieser Helmut
Published: May 2005

A combination of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was applied to investigate the structure and formation of large supramolecular DNA–protein complexes. This combination of techniques was used to overcome limitations of UV‐CD (electronic, or ECD) spectroscopy due to considerable light scattering in such solutions. Based on the analysis of FTIR and UV‐CD spectra, the interaction of DNA with nonhistone chromatin protein HMGB1 and linker histone H1 was studied. The data obtained showed that under the conditions of the experiment (15 mM NaCl, protein/DNA ratio r < 1 w/w) the proteins did not reveal any AT or GC specificity in binding to DNA. In the presence of both proteins, mainly interactions in the DNA minor groove were observed, which were attributed to HMGB1 binding. Histone H1 facilitated binding of HMGB1 to DNA by interacting with the negatively charged groups of the sugar–phosphate backbone and binding of aspartic and glutamic amino acid residues of HMGB1. Acting together, HMGB1 and H1 stimulated the assemblage of supramolecular DNA–protein structures. The structural organization of the ternary complexes depended not only on the properties of the protein–DNA interactions but also on the interactions between HMGB1 and H1 molecules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 329–339, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Ethanol and toluene removal in a horizontal‐flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor in the presence of sulfate
Authors: Cattony E.B.M. , Chinalia F.A. , Ribeiro R. , Zaiat M. , Foresti E. , Varesche M.B.A.
Published: May 2005

In this study it is reported the operation of a horizontal‐flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor under sulfate‐reducing condition which was also exposed to different amounts of ethanol and toluene. The system was inoculated with sludge taken from up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating refuses from a poultry slaughterhouse. The HAIB reactor comprised of an immobilized biomass on polyurethane foam and ferrous and sodium sulfate solutions were used (91 and 550 mg/L, respectively), to promote a sulfate‐reducing environment. Toluene was added at an initial concentration of 2.0 mg/L followed by an increased range of different amendments (5, 7, and 9 mg/L). Ethanol was added at an initial concentration of 170 mg/L followed by an increased range of 960 mg/L. The reactor was operated at 30(±2)°C with hydraulic detention time of 12 h. Organic matter removal efficiency was close to 90% with a maximum toluene degradation rate of 0.06 mgtoluene/mgvss/d. Sulfate reduction was close to 99.9% for all‐nutritional amendments. Biofilm microscopic characterization revealed a diversity of microbial morphologies and DGGE‐profiling showed a variation of bacterial and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) populations, which were significantly associated with toluene amendments. Diversity of archaea remained unaltered during the different phases of this experiment. Thus, this study demonstrates that compact units of HAIB reactors, under sulfate reducing conditions, are a potential alternative for in situ aromatics bioremediation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observer‐based online compensation of inner filter effect in monitoring fluorescence of GFP‐expressing plant cell cultures
Authors: Su Wei Wen , Liu Bo , Lu Wei‐Bin , Xu Ning‐Shou , Du Guo‐Cheng , Tan Jing‐Lu
Published: May 2005

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is a very useful reporter for real‐time bioprocess sensing. GFP culture fluorescence is a composite signal that can be influenced by factors such as culture autofluorescence, inner filter effect (IFE), and photobleaching. These factors complicate accurate estimation of GFP concentrations from the culture fluorescence. IFE is especially problematic when using GFP in monitoring transgenic plant cell suspension cultures, due to the aggregated nature of the cells and the high biomass concentration in these culture systems. Reported approaches for online compensation of IFE in monitoring culture NADH fluorescence or bioluminescence require online measurement of biomass density or culture turbidity/optical density, in addition to fluorescence/bioluminescence measurement. In this study, culture GFP fluorescence was used successfully to estimate GFP concentration and other important states in bioreactor culture of transgenic tobacco cells, while the influences of IFE and culture autofluorescence were rectified without the need for an additional biomass sensor. This was achieved by setting up a novel model‐based state observer. First, we developed an improved model for a backscatter fluorescence probe that takes into account the influence of IFE and autofluorescence on reporting culture GFP concentration from online fluorescence. The state observer was then established using the extended Kalman filter (EKF), based on the fluorescence probe model, a dynamic state model of the plant cell bioreactor, and online GFP fluorescence measurement. Several versions of the observer were introduced to address practical requirements associated with monitoring GFP fluorescence of plant cell cultures. The proposed approach offers an effective means for online compensation of IFE to enable quantitative interpretation of the culture fluorescence signals for accurate reporting of GFP or GFP‐fusion protein expression. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical orientation and cross-checking—the key to safer laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Diamond T , Mole D J
Published: May 2005

Movie on BJS Online
Fast-track surgery (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 3–4)
Authors: Rusby J E , Welch C M M , Lamparelli M J
Published: May 2005

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Systematic review of prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal operations
Authors: Nelson R , Tse B , Edwards S
Published: May 2005

Background

Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay. This meta-analysis of published studies examines the efficacy of this practice after abdominal surgery in achieving each of these goals.

Method

Search terms were ‘nasogastric, tubes, randomized’, using Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and references from included studies. Eligible studies included patients having abdominal operations of any type, emergency or elective, who were randomized before completion of the operation to receive a nasogastric tube and keep it in place until intestinal function had returned or to selective use of a tube with early removal.

Results

Twenty-eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These included 4194 patients, 2108 randomized to routine tube and 2087 randomized to selective or no tube. Those not having a nasogastric tube routinely inserted experienced an earlier return of bowel function (P < 0·001), a marginal decrease in pulmonary complications (P = 0·07), and a marginal increase in wound infection (P = 0·08) and ventral hernia (P = 0·09). Anastomotic leakage was similar in the two groups (P = 0·70).

Conclusion

Routine nasogastric decompression does not accomplish any of its intended goals and so should be abandoned in favour of selective use of the nasogastric tube.
SPR Studies of Carbohydrate–Protein Interactions: Signal Enhancement of Low‐Molecular‐Mass Analytes by Organoplatinum(II)‐Labeling
Authors: Beccati Daniela , Halkes Koen M. , Batema Guido D. , Guillena Gabriela , Carvalho de Souza Adriana , van Koten Gerard , Kamerling Johannis P.
Published: May 2005

The relatively insensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal detection of low‐molecular‐mass analytes that bind with weak affinity to a protein—for example, carbohydrate–lectin binding—is hampering the use of biosensors in interaction studies. In this investigation, low‐molecular‐mass carbohydrates have been labeled with an organoplatinum(II) complex of the type [PtCl(NCNR)]. The attachment of this complex increased the SPR response tremendously and allowed the detection of binding events between monosaccharides and lectins at very low analyte concentrations. The platinum atom inside the organoplatinum(II) complex was shown to be essential for the SPR‐signal enhancement. The organoplatinum(II) complex did not influence the specificity of the biological interaction, but both the signal enhancement and the different binding character of labeled compounds when compared with unlabeled ones makes the method unsuitable for the direct calculation of biologically relevant kinetic parameters. However, the labeling procedure is expected to be of high relevance for qualitative binding studies and relative affinity ranking of small molecules (not restricted only to carbohydrates) to receptors, a process of immense interest in pharmaceutical research.
Quater‐, Quinque‐, and Sexithiophene Organogelators: Unique Thermochromism and Heating‐Free Sol–Gel Phase Transition
Authors: Kawano Shin‐ichiro , Fujita Norifumi , Shinkai Seiji
Published: May 2005

A series of quater‐, quinque‐, and sexithiophene derivatives bearing two cholesteryl groups at the α‐position, which are abbreviated as 4 T‐(chol)2, 5 T‐(chol)2, and 6 T‐(chol)2, respectively, have been synthesized. It has been found that these oligothiophene derivatives act as excellent organogelators for various organic fluids and show the unique thermochromic behaviors through the sol–gel phase transition. It was shown on the basis of extensive investigations, performed with UV‐visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), that these gelators self‐assemble into the one‐dimensional structures in the organogels, in which the π‐block moieties of the oligothiophenes are stacked in an H‐aggregation mode. Surprisingly, an AFM image shows that 4 T‐(chol)2 forms unimolecular fibers in a left‐handed helical sense, whereby one pitch of the helical fiber is constructed by 400–540 4 T‐(chol)2 molecules. Very interestingly, the conformational change in the oligothiophene moieties can be visually detected: for example, 6 T‐(chol)2 shows a specific absorption maximum in the gel (λmax=389 nm) and in the solution (λmax=439 nm). In addition, a sol–gel phase transition of the 6 T‐(chol)2 gel was implemented by addition of oxidizing and reducing reagents such as FeCl3 and ascorbic acid, respectively. The stimuli‐responsive functionality of the oligothiophene‐based organogels makes them promising candidates for switchable opto‐ and electronic soft materials.
Gaseous HgH2, CdH2, and ZnH2
Authors: Shayesteh Alireza , Yu Shanshan , Bernath Peter F.
Published: May 2005

Gaseous HgH2, CdH2, and ZnH2 molecules were synthesized by the direct gas‐phase reaction of excited mercury, cadmium, and zinc atoms with molecular hydrogen. The molecules were identified by their high‐resolution infrared emission spectra, and the metal–hydrogen bond lengths were determined from the rotational analysis of the antisymmetric stretching fundamental bands.
Ligand‐Free Deltahedral Clusters of Silicon in Solution: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of Si92‐.
Authors: Goicoechea Jose M. , Sevov Slavi C.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Nanosized Spinel Stannate, Zn2SnO4, from a Hydroxide Precursor.
Authors: Stambolova I. , Toneva A. , Blaskov V. , Radev D. , Tsvetanova Ya. , Vassilev S. , Peshev P.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of K3Na5 (H2NCH2CH2NH3)2{ (VO)12O6 [B3O6(OH)] 6}(H2O)×12H2O.
Authors: Lu Bin , Wang Hong , Zhang Li , Dai Cheng‐Yong , Cai Qing‐Hai , Shan Yong‐Kui
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies with Functionally Substituted Enamines: Synthesis of New Aminoazolo‐pyrimidines and ‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: Ghozlan Said Ahmed Soliman , Abdelhamid Ismail Abdelshafy , Gaber Hatem , Elnagdi Mohamed Hilmy
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Class of Organic Donor—Acceptor Molecules with Large Third‐Order Optical Nonlinearities.
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , May Joshua C. , Lim Jin H. , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Seiler Paul , Gross Maurice , Biaggio Ivan , Diederich Francois
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Catalytic Allyltitanation Reactions.
Authors: Bareille Laurianne , Le Gendre Pierre , Moise Claude
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Tertiary and Quaternary Stereogenic Centers: A Diastereoselective Tandem Reaction Sequence Combining Mukaiyama and Free Radical‐Based Allylation.
Authors: Cardinal‐David Benoit , Guerin Brigitte , Guindon Yvan
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Efficient Molybdenum‐Mediated Pauson—Khand‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Adrio Javier , Rodriguez Rivero Marta , Carretero Juan Carlos
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on the Catalysis of the Reaction of Organotin Phenoxides with Diethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.
Authors: Kinart Wojciech , Kinart Cezary M. , Tran Quang T. , Oszczeda Rafal
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct, Highly Enantioselective Pyrrolidine Sulfonamide Catalyzed Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitrostyrenes.
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jian , Li Hao
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cinchona Alkaloid/Sulfinyl Chloride Combinations. Enantioselective Sulfinylating Agents of Alcohols.
Authors: Shibata Norio , Matsunaga Mitsuharu , Nakagawa Masaya , Fukuzumi Takeo , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Graphite/Methanesulfonic Acid (GMA) as a New Reagent for Sulfonylation of Phenols and Thia‐Fries Rearrangement of Aryl Sulfonates to Sulfonylphenols.
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Shahsavari‐Fard Zahra
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Directed Metalation in Synthesis. Part 7. Synthesis of Suitably Functionalized Benzo[b]thiophenes as Key Intermediates in the Synthesis of Benzothienopyranones.
Authors: Pradhan Tarun Kanti , De Asish
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐(o‐Aminoaryl)indole Derivatives via the Coupling‐Cyclization of o‐Alkynylanilines with o‐Halotrifluoroacetanilides in the Presence of a Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Marinelli Fabio , Parisi Luca M.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Alkylation of Phenethylamine and Tryptamine.
Authors: Cami‐Kobeci Gerta , Slatford Paul A. , Whittlesey Michael K. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazolidines from Chiral Imines Using Rh(III) Catalyst.
Authors: Lee Seung‐Han , Kim Young‐Hwan
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Catalytic Asymmetric Bioorganic Route to Enantioenriched Tetrahydro‐ and Dihydropyranones.
Authors: Baker‐Glenn Charles , Hodnett Neil , Reiter Maud , Ropp Sandrine , Ancliff Rachael , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Ring‐Substituted 4‐Aminoquinolines and Evaluation of Their Antimalarial Activities.
Authors: Madrid Peter B. , Sherrill John , Liou Ally P. , Weisman Jennifer L. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Guy R. Kiplin
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Bicyclic Heterocycles from Propargyl Esters Using a Palladium Catalyst Bearing a Bidentate Ligand.
Authors: Tsubakiyama Masaya , Sato Yoshihiro , Mori Miwako
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Pd‐Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling Reaction of N‐Aryl‐2‐triflyloxybenzamides Using Pd(OAc)2, 1,3‐Bis[diphenylphosphino]propane, Bu3P, and DBU.
Authors: Nishioka Hiromi , Shoujiguchi Yoshimi , Abe Hitoshi , Takeuchi Yasuo , Harayama Takashi
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel CDK Inhibition Profiles of Structurally Varied 1‐Aza‐9‐oxafluorenes.
Authors: Voigt Burkhardt , Meijer Laurent , Lozach Olivier , Schaechtele Christoph , Totzke Frank , Hilgeroth Andreas
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Alkyne Derivatives of a Novel Triazolopyrazine as A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Yao Gang , et al. et al.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Substituted 5‐[4‐[2‐(6,7‐Dimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐oxo‐4‐quinoxalinyl)ethoxy] phenyl]methylenethiazolidine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives as Potent Euglycemic and Hypolipidemic Agents.
Authors: Gupta Dipti , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Chandra Ramesh
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Formation of anti‐Bredt′s Compounds from the Reaction of 1‐Aroyl‐2‐aryl‐3a,6a‐diazapentalenes with Acetylene‐Dicarboxylates.
Authors: Iida Hirokazu , Uekusa Hidehiro , Ohashi Yuji , Hamana Hiroshi , Machiguchi Takahisa , Matsumoto Kiyoshi
Published: May 2005

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Acylation of 6,7,8,9‐Tetrahydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]azepin‐3‐ylacetonitrile.
Authors: Makei A. P. , Volovenko Yu. M. , Nazarenko K. G. , Tolmachev A. A.
Published: May 2005

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6′‐Methylpyrido[3,4‐b]norhomotropane: Synthesis and Outstanding Potency in Relation to the α4β2 Nicotinic Receptor Pharmacophore Model.
Authors: Kanne David B. , Tomizawa Motohiro , Durkin Kathleen A. , Casida John E.
Published: May 2005

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A Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Four‐Component Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Knapton Daniel J. , Meyer Tara Y.
Published: May 2005

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Synthesis of 1‐Alkylselenocyclobutene via Intermediate Allenyl Selenoketene.
Authors: Koketsu Mamoru , Kanoh Masanori , Yamamura Yusuke , Ishihara Hideharu
Published: May 2005

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Palladium Pincer Complex Catalyzed Stannyl and Silyl Transfer to Propargylic Substrates: Synthetic Scope and Mechanism.
Authors: Kjellgren Johan , Sunden Henrik , Szabo Kalman J.
Published: May 2005

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Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Nardostachys jatamansi DC (Valerianaceae).
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Basak B. , Datta U. , Banerji J. , Neuman A. , Prange T.
Published: May 2005

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A New Lupene‐Type Triterpene from the Leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus
Authors: Hossain M. Amzad , Ismail Zhari
Published: May 2005

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The Westphalen Rearrangement of 5α,6α‐Epoxy‐3β‐methanesulfonyloxyandrostan‐17‐one.
Authors: Knights Steve G. , Hanson James R.
Published: May 2005

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Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Zirconocenes to Glycal Epoxides. A New Synthesis of α‐C‐Glycosides.
Authors: Wipf Peter , Pierce Joshua G. , Zhuang Nian
Published: May 2005

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C(1→4)‐Linked Disaccharides Through Carbonylative Stille Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Steunenberg Peter , Jeanneret Vincent , Zhu Yao‐Hua , Vogel Pierre
Published: May 2005

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DDQ‐Mediated Regioselective de‐O‐Benzylation of Pyranosides Stilted by a 4,6‐O‐(2‐Phenylsulfonyl)ethylidene (PSE) Clip.
Authors: Cabianca E. , Tatibouet A. , Rollin P.
Published: May 2005

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Stereoselective and Effective Synthesis of Alkyl α‐D‐Gluco‐ and α‐D‐Galactopyranosides.
Authors: Kasprzycka A. , Szeja W.
Published: May 2005

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New Conformationally Locked Bicyclic N,O‐Nucleoside Analogues of Antiviral Drugs.
Authors: Procopio Antonio , Alcaro Stefano , De Nino Antonio , Maiuolo Loredana , Ortuso Francesco , Sindona Giovanni
Published: May 2005

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Pyrenyldiazomethane, a Versatile Reagent for Nucleotide Phosphate Alkylation.
Authors: Kotera Mitsuharu , Dheu Marie‐Louise , Milet Anne , Lhomme Jean , Laayoun Ali
Published: May 2005

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Elysiapyrones from Elysia diomedea. Do Such Metabolites Evidence an Enzymatically Assisted Electrocyclization Cascade for the Biosynthesis of Their Bicyclo[4.2.0]octane Core?
Authors: Cueto Mercedes , D'Croz Luis , Mate Juan L. , San‐Martin Aurelio , Darias Jose
Published: May 2005

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Continuous Chirality Measures in Transition Metal Chemistry
Authors: Alvarez Santiago , Alemany Pere , Avnir David
Published: May 2005

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Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds
Authors: McKeown N. B.
Published: May 2005

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Halogenated Hydrocarbon Decomposition by Steam Thermal Plasmas
Authors: Watanabe Takayuki , Shimbara Shigehiro
Published: May 2005

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Applications of the Wittig Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic and Carbocyclic Compounds
Authors: Schobert Rainer
Published: May 2005

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1,2‐Diketones and Related Compounds
Authors: Landais Y. , Vincent J. M.
Published: May 2005

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Synthesis by Fragmentation and Rearrangement
Authors: Constantieux T. , Rodriguez J.
Published: May 2005

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Pincer Complexes: Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Morales‐Morales David
Published: May 2005

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The Conditions for Strong Electron‐Phonon Coupling in Molecular Systems and Their Possible Nanoelectronics Applications
Authors: Kato Takashi , Yamabe Tokio
Published: May 2005

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High‐Temperature Kinetics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Murakami Yoshinori , Fujii Nobuyuki
Published: May 2005

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Orthogonal Multipolar Interactions in Structural Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Paulini Ralph , Mueller Klaus , Diederich Francois
Published: May 2005

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A Study of Conformational Stability of Polypeptide Blends by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Murata K. , Kuroki S. , Katoh E. , Ando I.
Published: May 2005

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Radical cystectomy in the elderly
Authors: Clark Peter E. , Stein John P. , Groshen Susan G. , Cai Jie , Miranda Gus , Lieskovsky Gary , Skinner Donald G.
Published: May 2005

BACKGROUND

The authors report their experience with radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder comparing clinical outcomes, including complication rates, among older patients versus younger patients in a high‐volume center specializing in the treatment of patients with advanced carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

METHODS

A retrospective review was undertaken of 1054 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder TCC from 1971 through 1997. Four age groups were compared; < 60 years at the time of cystectomy (n = 309 patients), age 60–69 years (n = 381 patients), age 70–79 years (n = 314 patients), and age ≥ 80 years (n = 50 patients).

RESULTS

The median length of hospital stay in patients ages < 60 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years, and ≥ 80 years was 10 days, 10 days, 11 days, and 11 days, respectively (P < 0.001). The corresponding rates of overall early complications were 24%, 25%, 37%, and 30%, respectively (P = 0.002); whereas the corresponding late complication rates were 36%, 30%, 22%, and 14%, respectively (P < 0.001). The rate of early diversion‐related complications did not differ significantly (11%, 8%, 12%, and 6%, respectively; P = 0.14). The operative mortality rates were 1%, 3%, 4%, and 0%, respectively (P = 0.14). There was no difference with respect to early complications, early diversion‐related complications, late complications, or operative mortality comparing patients age > 70 years who underwent ileal conduit versus orthotopic urinary diversion (P = 0.20, P = 0.61, P = 0.53, and P = 0.78, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Elderly patients who underwent cystectomy for TCC had similar mortality and early diversion‐related complication rates. Carefully selected elderly patients safely can be offered an orthotopic urinary diversion. Chronological age, per se, is not a contraindication for radical cystectomy in the setting of invasive bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Metaanalysis of the significance of matrix metalloproteinases for lymph node disease in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wiegand Susanne , Dünne Anja A. , Müller Helge H. , Mandic Robert , Barth Peter , Davis Ronald K. , Werner Jochen A.
Published: May 2005

BACKGROUND

The objective of the current metaanalysis was to evaluate the expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), to evaluate reported series, and to determine whether there is an expressed value to quantitate the risk of metastasis.

METHODS

A review of the published literature was conducted according to defined selection criteria. Fixed and random effects models were applied for estimation of the summarized odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, including a test for homogeneity of the odds ratios of the studies. Finally, forest plots were created to allow for visual comparison of the results and an estimation of heterogeneity.

RESULTS

The heterogeneity of data collection and statistical methods did not allow final judgments on the significance of immunohistochemical MMP expression analysis in patients with HNSCC or the impact of MMPs in predicting metastatic behavior. Fourteen studies with 710 patients for 5 different MMPs (MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, and MMP‐14) were included in the current metaanalysis. The results indicated that MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐14 possibly played a role in the metastatic behavior of HNSCC tumors.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors recommended the standardization of staining procedures and evaluation protocols as a necessary step to allow for valid comparisons of the multitude of results published by different study groups. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Increased plasma levels of angiogenin and the risk of bladder carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Hua , Grossman H. Barton , Delclos George L. , Hwang Lu‐yu , Troisi Catherine L. , Chamberlain Robert M. , Chenoweth Marsha A. , Zhang Huifeng , Spitz Margaret R. , Wu Xifeng
Published: May 2005

BACKGROUND

Angiogenesis is a well known prerequisite for tumor growth and metastasis. It is believed that angiogenin initiates cell migration and aids cell proliferation. Based on this, the authors hypothesized that individuals who had increased plasma levels of angiogenin were at an elevated risk for carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

METHODS

In this ongoing case–control study, the authors used an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to compare plasma levels of angiogenin in 209 patients with bladder carcinoma and in 208 healthy control participants who were matched according to age (± 5 years), gender, and ethnicity.

RESULTS

The mean plasma angiogenin concentration was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (343.2 ng/mL vs. 308.0 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). High plasma angiogenin levels were associated with a two‐fold increased risk for bladder carcinoma. Moreover, in patients who had superficial bladder carcinoma, plasma angiogenin levels were significantly higher among those who had recurrent disease than in those who were without recurrence (P < 0.01). Similarly, patients who had superficial bladder carcinoma with higher angiogenin levels had a shorter recurrence‐free survival than patients who had lower angiogenin levels (P < 0.01). Finally, elevated angiogenin levels were associated with an increased recurrence risk, with hazard ratio of 2.85.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrated that the plasma levels of angiogenin were significantly higher in patients who had bladder carcinoma compared with healthy control participants and in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma who had recurrent disease compared with patients who were without recurrence. Therefore, an elevated plasma level of angiogenin may serve as a novel predictor for the risk of bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Partnership status influences quality of life in low‐income, uninsured men with prostate cancer
Authors: Gore John L. , Krupski Tracey , Kwan Lorna , Maliski Sally , Litwin Mark S.
Published: May 2005

BACKGROUND

Being partnered confers significant benefits in survival for patients with prostate cancer, yet little is known of the impact of relationship status on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The authors evaluated the influence of partnership on measures of HRQOL.

METHODS

The authors studied 291 patients who were enrolled in a program that provided free treatment to impoverished, uninsured men with prostate cancer. The associations between relationship status and measures of general and disease‐specific HRQOL were evaluated. Results from multivariate models determined the independent effect of partnership on HRQOL.

RESULTS

Partnered patients were more likely than unpartnered patients to be Hispanic (58% vs. 34%) and were more likely to have elected surgical therapy (49% vs. 34%). Multivariate analyses, controlling for age, ethnicity, disease stage, and treatment type, revealed that partnered patients had better mental health (P = 0.009), less urinary bother (P = 0.011), higher spirituality (P = 0.037), and lower symptom distress (P = 0.005) than unpartnered participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Relationship status had a positive effect on the quality of life of low‐income, uninsured men with prostate cancer. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
GRIP1 in GABAergic synapses
Authors: Li Rong‐Wen , Serwanski David R. , Miralles Celia P. , Li Xuejing , Charych Erik , Riquelme Raquel , Huganir Richard L. , de Blas Angel L.
Published: May 2005

The glutamate receptor‐interacting protein GRIP1 is present in glutamatergic synapses and interacts with the GluR2/3/4c subunits of the AMPA receptors. This interaction plays important roles in trafficking, synaptic targeting, and recycling of AMPA receptors as well as in the plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. Although GRIP1 has been shown to be present at GABAergic synapses in cultured neurons, the use of EM (electron microscopy) immunocytochemistry in the intact brain has failed to convincingly reveal the presence of GRIP1 in GABAergic synapses. Therefore, most studies on GRIP1 have focused on glutamatergic synapses. By using mild tissue fixation and embedding in EM, we show that in the intact brain the 7‐PDZ domain GRIP1a/b is present not only in glutamatergic synapses but also in GABAergic synapses. In GABAergic synapses GRIP1a/b localizes both at the presynaptic terminals and postsynaptically, being frequently localized on the synaptic membranes or the synaptic junctional complex. Considerably higher density of GRIP1a/b is found in the presynaptic GABAergic terminals than in the glutamatergic terminals, while the density of GRIP1a/b in the postsynaptic complex is similar in both types of synapses. The results also show that the 7‐PDZ and the shorter 4‐PDZ domain splice forms of GRIP1 (GRIP1c 4‐7) frequently colocalize with each other in individual GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. The results suggest that GRIP1 splice forms might play important roles in brain GABAergic synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:11–27, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.