bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of leader risk-taking on subordinate felt trust
Authors: Hanna Joshua Thomas , Elms Alexandria K. , Gill Harjinder , Stanley David J. , Powell Deborah M.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how leaders’ behaviour and subordinates’ personality can impact subordinates’ feelings of being trusted. Feeling trusted by one’s leader is associated with increased performance, organisational citizenship behaviours and job satisfaction (Baer et al., 2015; Lester and Brower, 2003).

Design/methodology/approach

Participants read a vignette in which a leader’s behaviour was manipulated and then rated the extent to which they felt trusted. Participants in Sample 1 consisted of 726 undergraduate students with work experience, and Sample 2 consisted of 1,196 people with work experience recruited over CrowdFlower, a crowd-sourcing website.

Findings

Results from both samples indicate that a leader delegating a task increases subordinate felt trust, for Sample 1p<0.001,d=0.75 and for Sample 2p<0.001,d=0.90. Further, subordinate felt trust increases when the task delegated is of high importance, for Sample 1p<0.001,d=0.42 and for Sample 2p<0.001,d=0.58. The likelihood of the delegated task resulting in negative outcomes and subordinate propensity to trust have negligible effects on felt trust.

Originality/value

Despite the organisational benefits of felt trust, it is still unclear how to elicit subordinates’ felt trust. This study is one of the first to empirically examine leader behaviour that may lead subordinates to feel trusted in the workplace. These findings support theoretical underpinnings of the relational leadership model and the risk-based model of trust.
Listening as practice: a month in Ólafsfjörður
Authors: Munro Kim
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practice as research of a site-specific audio documentary project made while on a residency in North Iceland.

Design/methodology/approach

This project uses the application of a methodology of listening in the creation of the work.

Findings

The author claims that rather than focusing on the concept of voice in documentary, listening reveals the inherent ecology and inter-relatedness of the documentary materials.

Originality/value

A practice of listening in documentary making can reveal multiple co-existing relationships.
Contributions of Employment Change to Annual Wage Growth in New Zealand
Authors: Hyslop Dean R , Rice Amy
Published: February 2019

We analyse trends in average wage growth in New Zealand from 1997 to 2015, focusing on the contributions of within‐group wage growth and employment compositional changes, and whether there have been secular or cyclical changes in these contributions. Real wage growth was mildly pro‐cyclical over the period, and has been weaker during the recovery from the global financial crisis. We estimate that within‐group wage growth dominated aggregate wage growth, and compositional changes provided only trivial contributions. Furthermore, within‐group wage growth is primarily from constant composition wage growth, contributing on average 0.9 per cent to annual wage growth, while improvements in observable human capital characteristics of workers contributed 0.4 per cent on average.
National parliamentary control and voting in the Council of the European Union
Authors: VAN GRUISEN PHILIPPE , CROMBEZ CHRISTOPHE
Published: February 2019

This article explores the different ways governments express dissent in the Council of the European Union (EU) through ‘No’ votes, abstentions and recorded negative statements. A game‐theoretical model is presented that studies voting behaviour and analyses how the national parliaments’ levels of control over their governments’ EU policies affect it. It is concluded that governments that are strongly controlled by their parliaments are not more likely to express dissent. However, when they do express dissent, they vote ‘No’ more often. Parliamentary control depends on the presence of formal oversight institutions as well as the motivation of parliamentarians to hold their governments accountable. Empirical support is found in an analysis of votes on 1,387 legislative proposals that represent more than a decade of Council decision making in the period 2004–2014. This article contributes to the discussion on the involvement of national parliaments in EU affairs, and clearly distinguishes the different forms of dissent in Council decision making.
Characteristics and Evaluation of the High‐Quality Source Rocks of Cretaceous Continental Shale Oil in Tonghua Basin, China
Authors: SHAN Xuanlong , DU Shang , GUO Xufei
Published: February 2019

The presence of shale oil in the Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation in the Tonghua Basin, drilled by the well TD‐01, has been discussed in this geological investigation for the first time. To evaluate the high‐quality source rocks of Cretaceous continental shale oil, the distribution characteristics and the evolution of the ancient environment, samples of shale were systematically analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, organic geochemistry, and organic carbon isotopic composition. The results demonstrate that a TOC value of 1.5% represents the lower‐limit TOC value of the high‐quality source rocks. Source rocks have an aggregate thickness of 211 m and contain abundant organic matter, with TOC values of 2.69% on average and a maximum value over 5.44%. The original hydrocarbon‐generative potential value (S1+S2) is between 0.18 mg/g and 6.13 mg/g, and the Ro is between 0.97% and 1.40%. The thermal maturation of the source rocks is relatively mature to highly mature. The δ13C value range is between –34.75‰ and –26.53‰. The ratio of saturated hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is 1.55 to 5.24, with an average of 2.85, which is greater than 1.6. The organic types are mainly type II1, followed by type I. The organic carbon source was C3 plants and hydrophytes. The paleoclimate of the Hengtongshan Formation can be characterized as hot and dry to humid, and these conditions were conducive to the development of high‐quality source rocks. A favorable paleoenvironment and abundant organic carbon sources provide a solid hydrocarbon generation base for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the shale of the Tonghua Basin.
Liberal Democracy, Illiberal Immigrants, and Equality
Authors: Kuo Yuchun
Published: February 2019

In this paper, I examine the preservation thesis, according to which liberal democratic states can restrict the entry of illiberal immigrants to preserve the existence and functioning of liberal democratic institutions. The most reasonable version of the preservation thesis maintains that a liberal democratic state can accept illiberal immigrants as long as the acceptance will not exceed its capacity to accommodate the illiberal people under its jurisdiction. The preservation thesis relies on the assumption that a liberal democratic state should first allow its own illiberal citizens to stay in its territory and then leave illiberal immigrants to compete with each other for the limited opportunities to enter, even though illiberal citizens and illiberal immigrants pose the same challenge for the preservation of liberal democratic institutions. After examining three arguments based on humanitarianism, social ties and political ties to defend this assumption, I argue that these defenses fall victim to the problems of insufficiency and circularity. Therefore, the preservation thesis rests on a precarious ground.
Bupropion, Alone and in Combination with Naltrexone, Blunts Binge‐Like Ethanol Drinking and Intake Following Chronic Intermittent Access to Ethanol in Male C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Navarro Montserrat , Luhn Kendall L. , Kampov‐Polevoy Alexey B. , Garbutt James C. , Thiele Todd E.
Published: February 2019

Background

Regular binge drinking is associated with numerous adverse consequences, yet the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved only 4 medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorders, and none have been specifically targeted for treating binge drinking. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of the dopamine/norepinephrine re‐uptake inhibitor, bupropion (BUP), alone and in combination with naltrexone (NAL), to reduce binge‐like and chronic ethanol (EtOH) intake in mice. While BUP is an FDA‐approved drug that is currently used to treat depression and nicotine dependence, there has been only limited investigation to assess the ability of BUP to reduce EtOH intake.

Methods

Male C57BL/6J mice were tested with 20% (v/v) EtOH using “drinking in the dark” (DID) procedures to model binge‐like EtOH intake and following intermittent access to EtOH (IAE). In Experiment 1, mice were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg BUP 30 minutes before DID testing; in Experiment 2, mice were given i.p. injection of vehicle, BUP (20 mg/kg), NAL (3 mg/kg), or BUP + NAL (20 and 3 mg/kg, respectively) 30 minutes before DID testing; and in Experiment 3, mice were given i.p. injection of 0, 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg BUP 30 minutes before EtOH access after mice had 16 weeks of IAE.

Results

BUP dose dependently blunted EtOH intake with DID procedures and after 16 weeks of IAE. Administration of subthreshold doses of BUP + NAL also reduced binge‐like EtOH intake. Finally, BUP failed to reduce consumption of a 3% (w/v) sucrose solution.

Conclusions

BUP, alone and in combination with NAL, may represent a novel approach to treating binge EtOH intake. We are currently assessing the efficacy of BUP to curb binge drinking in a phase II clinical trial experiment.
Cellular therapies for the endometrium: An update
Authors: Queckbörner Suzanna , Davies Lindsay C. , von Grothusen Carolina , Santamaria Xavier , Simón Carlos , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina
Published: February 2019

An update on the current state of endometrial cell therapies in terms of cell types, mechanisms of action, delivery, safety, regulatory frameworks and future perspectives. This review focuses on clinical trials using angiogenesis‐promoting therapies and stromal therapies piloted in the last 10 years for alleviating Asherman's syndrome and long‐term infertility. All studies present promising preliminary results, indicating increased endometrial thickness and resumed menstruation. Further characterization of individual cell products, their mode of action and larger clinical trials will be essential to establishing cell therapy as a viable option for the treatment of infertility and fertility preservation.
Retinal oximetry in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Osaka Rie , Nakano Yuki , Takasago Yukari , Fujita Tomoyoshi , Yamashita Ayana , Shiragami Chieko , Muraoka Yuki , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To measure retinal oxygen saturation (SO2) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods

Retinal oximetry was performed using the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter in 50 eyes (50 patients) with resolved BRVO. SO2 was calculated in each major retinal artery and vein in four quadrants. The superior or inferior hemisphere with BRVO was categorized as the affected hemisphere and the other as the unaffected hemisphere.

Results

Oxymap T1 allowed us to measure SO2 in major retinal vessels. Both arterial and venous SO2 in the affected hemisphere were significantly higher than those in the unaffected hemisphere. However, there was no significant difference in arteriovenous (A‐V) difference in SO2 between the affected and unaffected hemispheres. Of the 50 included eyes, 32 had non‐ischemic BRVO and 18 had ischemic BRVO. In the affected hemisphere, arterial SO2 was significantly higher in ischemic BRVO (106.9 ± 8.8%) than in non‐ischemic BRVO (101.3 ± 9.2%, p = 0.044). There were no significant differences in venous SO2 between non‐ischemic and ischemic BRVO. Consequently, the A‐V difference in SO2 was significantly higher in ischemic BRVO (51.9 ± 13.9%) than in non‐ischemic BRVO (43.4 ± 11.5%, p = 0.028). In multiple regression analysis, the type of perfusion (non‐ischemic or ischemic) had associations with arterial SO2 (β = 0.365, p = 0.013) and with A‐V differences in SO2 in the affected hemisphere (β = 0.406, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

In ischemic BRVO, arterial SO2 and the A‐V difference in SO2 in the affected hemisphere were significantly higher than in non‐ischemic BRVO.
Parental predictors of children's executive functioning from ages 6 to 10
Authors: Halse Marte , Steinsbekk Silje , Hammar Åsa , Belsky Jay , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: February 2019

According to prominent models of child development, parental factors may contribute to individual differences in children's executive functioning (EF). Here, we examine the relative importance of parents’ socio‐economic status, mental health, and parenting as predictors of EF development, drawing on a large (n = 1,070) community sample of Norwegian children who received biennial EF assessments from 6 to 10 years of age. We measure EF by means of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. We assess parenting through observer ratings of parent–child interactions and parental mental health via the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist. When we adjust for all time‐invariant unmeasured confounders, higher parental education predicts superior EF development, whereas harsh parenting forecasts poorer EF development. However, parenting does not mediate the effect of parental education. These results indicate that harsh parenting should be targeted in interventions aimed at improving EF.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Parental factors seem to affect child development of executive functions (EF).

Specifically, parental socio‐economic status, mental health, and their parenting seem to influence the developmental course of child EF.

What does this study add?

To what degree the parental influence on EF development is likely to be driven by time‐invariant factors, for example, genetics.

The relative influence of positive and negative parenting on EF development.
The usefulness and acceptability of a personal health record to children and young people living with a complex health condition: A realist review of the literature
Authors: Diffin Janet , Byrne Bronagh , Kerr Helen , Price Jayne , Abbott Aine , McLaughlin Dorry , O'Halloran Peter
Published: February 2019

Background

There are a growing number of children and young people (CYP) with chronic health needs or complex disabilities. Increasingly, CYP with life‐limiting or life‐threatening conditions are surviving into adulthood. Communication between CYP, their family, and health professionals can be challenging. The use of a personal health record (PHR) is one potential strategy for improving communication by promoting CYP's health advocacy skills. However, PHR implementation has proved difficult due to technical, organisational, and professional barriers. The aim of this realist review is to identify the factors, which help or hinder the use of PHRs with CYP living with a complex health condition.

Methods

Systematic realist review. Literature was sourced from six databases: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsychInfo, The Cochrane Library, and Science Direct (from 1946 to August Week 3 2018). The web was searched to identify grey literature. Articles were sourced from reference lists of included studies. Data were extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Two reviewers completed data extraction and synthesis. Methodological rigor was assessed using the relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.

Results

Nine articles were included. Contextual factors, which helped implementation, included the CYP having a high perception of need for a PHR and a high level of desire for self‐management. Service providers and CYP need knowledge about the purpose and benefits of the PHR, and organisations need a dedicated person to facilitate PHR use. Mechanisms triggered by the PHR included improved understanding and knowledge of health care condition(s) for CYP, an increased feeling of control over condition(s), and more active engagement in their health care. Outcomes for CYP included improved self‐advocacy and communication.

Conclusion

Clearer definitions of which young people would benefit from using a PHR must be established to inform which organisations and service providers would be best suited to PHR implementation.
Absence of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake using Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Madelung's disease: A case report
Authors: Moonen Michiel P.B. , Nascimento Emmani B.M. , van Kroonenburgh Marinus J.P.G. , Brandjes Dees , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter D.
Published: February 2019

Madelung's disease is characterized by the manifestation of multiple ectopic lipomas, usually found in the cervical‐thoracic region, however, clinical manifestation may vary among patients. It has been postulated that lipomas associated with Madelung's disease are linked to brown adipose tissue (BAT) due to the presence of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Therefore, we here investigated whether BAT activity is present in a patient with Madelung's disease. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake using PET/CT after a cooling procedure was measured together with body temperature and energy expenditure. Finally, adipose tissue biopsies were taken from the lipomas for gene expression analysis and histology. 18F‐FDG uptake was not detected after the cooling procedure in the lipomas. Furthermore, adipose tissue biopsies derived from the lipomas did not express UCP1. We thus conclude that cold‐stimulated BAT activity was not detected in lipomas associated with Madelung's disease. Additional research in other patients is needed to unravel the role of dysfunctional BAT in Madelung's disease.
Embracing diverse worldviews to share planet Earth
Authors: Kohler F. , Holland T.G. , Kotiaho J.S. , Desrousseaux M. , Potts M.D.
Published: February 2019

Leading societies toward a more sustainable, equitably shared, and environmentally just future requires elevating and strengthening conversations on the nonmaterial and perhaps unquantifiable values of nonhuman nature to humanity. Debates among conservationists relating to the appropriateness of valuing ecosystems in terms of their human utility have eclipsed the more important and impactful task of expressing conservation concerns in terms that are meaningful to diverse stakeholders. We considered the wide global diversity of perspectives on the biosocial complex—the relationships and interactions between all living species on Earth—and argue that humanity's best chance for effective conservation is to take a pluralistic approach that engages seriously with the worldviews of all stakeholders. Many worldviews—particularly those in indigenous cultures—place a higher value on the spiritual and nonmaterial aspects than what is often represented by the discourse surrounding Western conservation policy. Alternative framings of the biosocial complex that recognize nature's intrinsic value can be powerful motivators for social change and for local‐scale conservation efforts. At a national and international level, changing ethical framings of human relationships with nature have started influencing conceptions of human rights relating to the environment and of the rights of nature itself. This change has led to an increased role of the judiciary in promoting environmental sustainability and promoting justice for groups who are most often affected by environmental harms. We hope our essay will motivate the scientific community to change its own perception of what a sound and sustainable relationship between humanity and other species should be and will help citizens become active environmental subjects, connected to the ecosystems around them.
Factors contributing to COPD hospitalisations from 2010 to 2015: Variation among rural and metropolitan Australians
Authors: Terry Daniel R. , Nguyen Hoang , Kim Jeong‐Ah , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Rural and remote populations experience the greatest burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the fifth leading cause of death in Australia. Currently there is a need to prioritise health services to improve health outcomes among those at higher risk of COPD.

Objectives

To investigate the differences in COPD hospitalisation between rural and urban populations and determine predictive factors contributing to COPD hospitalisation.

Methods

Statewide hospitalisation data from 2010 to 2015 were obtained through the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and other key data sets. The rates of hospitalisation were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression to examine the association between COPD hospitalisations and a number of predictor variables.

Results

The highest COPD incidence occurred in metropolitan males aged 85 years of age and older (35.092 hospitalisations per 1000 population). Among metropolitan residents, smoking, population density and household income had a significant association with COPD hospitalisations for both sexes. Among rural males, smoking rates, household income and rural land use (farming) were significant predictors of COPD hospitalisations. There was an overall stability in statewide COPD hospitalisation over the 5 years to 2015, P = 0.420.

Conclusion

This investigation highlights many rural and regional areas have much lower COPD hospitalisation rates than metropolitan areas. Between males and females, there are heterogenetic factors that contribute to the significant variation associated with COPD hospitalisation in metropolitan and rural areas, such as rural land use among rural males. This indicates that risk factor assessments, beyond smoking alone, need to be individualised and prioritised in practice to optimise care.
Estimation of Interstitial Velocity Using a Direct Drive High‐Resolution Passive Profiler
Authors: Schneider Haley A. , Jackson W. Andrew , Rainwater Ken , Reible Danny , Morse Stephen , Hatzinger Paul B. , Garza‐Rubalcava Uriel
Published: February 2019

The fate and transport of groundwater contaminants depends partially on groundwater velocity, which can vary appreciably in highly stratified aquifers. A high‐resolution passive profiler (HRPP) was developed to evaluate groundwater velocity, contaminant concentrations, and microbial community structure at ∼20 cm vertical depth resolution in shallow heterogeneous aquifers. The objective of this study was to use mass transfer of bromide (Br−), a conservative tracer released from cells in the HRPP, to estimate interstitial velocity. Laboratory experiments were conducted to empirically relate velocity and the mass transfer coefficient of Br− based on the relative loss of Br− from HRPP cells. Laboratory‐scale HRPPs were deployed in flow boxes containing saturated soils with differing porosities, and the mass transfer coefficient of Br− was measured at multiple interstitial velocities (0 to 100 cm/day). A two‐dimensional (2D) quasi‐steady‐state model was used to relate velocity to mass transfer of Br− for a range of soil porosities (0.2–0.5). The laboratory data indicate that the mass transfer coefficient of Br−, which was directly—but non‐linearly—related to velocity, can be determined with a single 3‐week deployment of the HRPP. The mass transfer coefficient was relatively unaffected by sampler orientation, length of deployment time, or porosity. The model closely simulated the experimental results. The data suggest that the HRPP will be applicable for estimating groundwater velocity ranging from 1 to 100 cm/day in the field at a minimum depth resolution of 10 cm, depending on sampler design.
Newborn screening for haemophilia: The views of families and adults living with haemophilia in the UK
Authors: Boardman Felicity K. , Hale Rachel , Young Philip J.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

As genomic sequencing become more efficient and cost‐effective, the number of conditions identified through newborn screening globally is set to dramatically increase. Haemophilia is a candidate condition; however, very little is known about the attitudes of the haemophilia community towards screening.

Aim

This study aimed to outline the perspectives of adults with haemophilia and their families towards newborn screening.

Methods

A paper and online survey on screening were distributed to every family known to the Haemophilia Society UK. Data collection occurred between January and June 2018. In total, 327 participants completed the survey: 76% were a relative of a person with haemophilia and 24% had haemophilia themselves; 83% were living with haemophilia A and 17% with haemophilia B.

Results

The vast majority supported newborn screening (77%) and preferred it to other forms of screening (preconception or prenatal). Participants supported newborn screening primarily because they viewed it as a means to facilitate early support and treatment, facilitate informed decisions about future pregnancies and prevent the “diagnostic odyssey.” The 23% who did not support the screen did not associate these particular benefits with newborn screening.

Conclusion

Haemophilia emerged from this analysis as a condition that the vast majority of participants considered a “liveable” disability and one best suited to newborn screening programmes that could improve support to affected families rather than reduce the birth rate of affected children.
Demonstrating the feasibility of collecting secondary, de‐identified data on Australian patients receiving treatment as part of a Medicine Access Programme
Authors: Lok Sheau W. , De Boer Richard , Cordwell Cassandra , Marx Gavin , Fox Peter , Hasovits Csilla , Rutovitz Joseph , Harold Michael , Tran Ben , Wong Hui‐Li , Gibbs Peter
Published: February 2019

Background

In Australia, data generated from the carefully selected, treated and monitored patients enrolled in clinical trials largely inform routine care and funding approvals. Medicine Access Programmes (MAP) enable drug access and while potentially a rich source of data, historically have not collected data beyond a participant list.

Aims

To explore the feasibility of using MAP to identify patient populations for inclusion in non‐interventional studies.

Methods

Clinicians affiliated with the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute engaged with Roche to implement PeRSIA, a secondary data use non‐interventional study of patients receiving neoadjuvant pertuzumab for non‐metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. The study utilised a pre‐existing Roche‐sponsored MAP to identify clinicians as data contributors. Data security, ownership and reporting issues were addressed utilising the BioGrid platform and standards developed for existing Walter and Eliza Hall Institute registries. Disease experts developed project‐specific Case Report Forms documenting treatment, surgical and cancer‐specific outcomes, and adverse events.

Results

To date, 12 of 16 (75%) clinicians approached to participate in PeRSIA are contributing de‐identified data. From February through September 2018, data on 41 patients from seven centres were collected. Median patient age is 56 years (range 36–81), 36 (88%) had Stage 2 to 3 disease and 27 (66%) were node positive. The median number of cycles of neoadjuvant pertuzumab planned was 4.

Conclusions

This initial report is, to our knowledge, the first description of a secondary data use non‐interventional study collecting comprehensive data on patients enrolled, independently, in a MAP. This effort continues and opportunities with other industry partners are being pursued.
Ineffectiveness of information and access to health services: vulnerability to human papillomavirus
Authors: Carvalho M.C.M.P. , Queiroz A.B.A. , Ferreira M.A. , Moura M.A.V. , Pinto C.B. , Vieira B.D.G.
Published: February 2019

Aim

To examine situations of vulnerability to human papillomavirus in the social representations of young women.

Background

Human papillomavirus is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections among women and constitutes a serious health problem among youth. This problem is embedded in psychosocial issues that promote situations of vulnerability and affect attitudes and behaviour in relation to prevention.

Methods

Qualitative study based on the theory of social representations, conducted among 64 female students in a high school in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study used personal semi‐structured interviews, with a lexical analysis by Alceste 2010 software.

Findings

The inefficacy of information on the human papillomavirus pointed out individual and social vulnerabilities, and showed relationships between the difficulty of access and the perception of low quality in public health services, which also promotes institutional vulnerability.

Discussion

The representation of vulnerability to human papillomavirus infection is associated, not only with individual behaviours related to sexuality and gender identity but also to social and institutional conditions involving insufficient information and low quality of and ineffective access to public health services.

Conclusion

Situations of vulnerability of young women to human papillomavirus infection influence ways of thinking and acting, when they generate feelings and behaviours that put them at risk. The social representations provided knowledge about how the participants appropriated consensual and reified universes in relation to vulnerability, influencing care and awareness of prevention.

Implication for nursing and health policy

Situations of vulnerability, whether individual, social or institutional, warrant the attention of nurses and should be prioritized as public health policy goals to reduce the number of cases of human papillomavirus infection among younger women.
Disseminated skin necroses in a patient with multiple myeloma and monoclonal cryoglobulinaemia
Authors: Gambichler T. , Schug T. , Doerler M.
Published: February 2019

Linked article: This article is commented on by D. Lipsker, p. e167 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15397.
Transcutaneous bilirubin levels of newborn infants performed abdominal massage: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gözen Duygu , Yılmaz Özge Eda , Dur Şadiye , Çağlayan Sabiha , Taştekin Ayhan
Published: February 2019

Purpose

This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of abdominal massage on bilirubin levels of newborn infants.

Design and Methods

The sample group consisted of 90 newborn infants (experimental group: 44; control group: 46) who were followed in a university hospital after birth between March and August 2017. The data were collected using an Information Form, Observation Form, and Transcutaneous Bilirubin Level Meter. Bilirubin levels were measured 1 hr after the first breastfeeding in both groups. The abdominal massage was performed for 5 min in each session, was continued in three sessions per day; was completed in totally six sessions for 2 days in infants in the experimental group. The second bilirubin measurements were repeated at the 48th hour after the birth and bilirubin levels were compared in two groups. The Student t test was used to evaluate the normally distributed data and the Mann–Whitney
U test was used to carry out statistics in nonnormal distribution of quantitative data.

Results

The bilirubin levels of the groups (experimental group: 1.06 ± 0.92; control group: 1.01 ± 0.98) were statistically similar before abdominal massage, t(88) = 0.25,
p = 0.803. The difference of the bilirubin levels was compared in the groups before and after abdominal massage. The increase of bilirubin levels in the experimental group (1.96 ± 1.69 mg/dl) was statistically significantly lower compared with the control group (2.80 ± 2.30 mg/dl),
t(88) = −1.974,
p = 0.048.

Practice Implications

Abdominal massage is effective to reduce bilirubin levels of newborn infants.
Diversity patterns from sequentially restored grasslands support the ‘environmental heterogeneity hypothesis’
Authors: Scott Drew A. , Baer Sara G.
Published: February 2019

The ‘environmental heterogeneity hypothesis’ (EHH) has been proposed as a mechanism that enables species coexistence through resource partitioning. In accordance with this hypothesis, plant diversity is predicted to increase with variability in resources, but there has been weak support for this hypothesis from experimental studies. The objectives of this research were to 1) characterize how resource availability and heterogeneity (coefficient of variation) change as plant communities develop using sequentially restored grasslands, 2) determine if resource heterogeneity relates to plant diversity (effective number of species, richness and evenness) and 3) reveal if the strength of resource heterogeneity–diversity relationships is different among levels of resource availability. We quantified means and coefficients of variation in soil nitrate and light availability in grasslands established on former agricultural lands for different times and their relationship to plant diversity using a geostatistically‐informed design. Nitrate availability decreased exponentially with restoration age, but no directional change in nitrate heterogeneity across the chronosequence occurred due to high resource variability in some restorations. Light availability also decreased exponentially across the chronosequence, but there was no directional change in light heterogeneity. Nitrate heterogeneity was positively correlated with both plant richness and plant effective number of species at high levels of nitrate availability. However, no nitrate heterogeneity correlation was detected at low levels of nitrate availability. Light heterogeneity was positively correlated with plant effective number of species at low levels of light availability. However, no light heterogeneity correlation was detected at high levels of light availability. Plant evenness was not correlated with resource heterogeneity at any resource availability level. These results support the positive heterogeneity–diversity relationship predicted by EHH, and uniquely that this relationship develops within a decade of plant community development, but can be obscured by resource availability.
Impacts of consumer–resource interaction transitions on persistence and long‐term interaction outcomes of random ecological networks
Authors: Yan Chuan , Zhang Zhibin
Published: February 2019

Despite the prevalence of context‐dependent interaction transitions in ecological systems, their impacts on persistence and interaction diversity have scarcely been explored in complex ecological networks. By using multispecies bi‐directional and unidirectional consumer–resource models, representing a continuum of interaction transitions (sign change of interaction outcomes), we investigated the effects of structural interaction transitions on persistence (the fraction of remaining species) and long‐term interaction outcomes in random ecological networks. We found that high interaction strength of exploiting resources generally decreased persistence, and high strength of providing resources increased persistence when the strength of exploiting resources was low in more complex networks; also, the networks with high persistence had a high proportion of mutualistic interactions relative to antagonistic interactions present initially and over the long term. The shifting of interaction strengths shaped the long‐term interaction compositions. Meanwhile, population dynamics, especially species extinction, affected the difference between initial and long‐term interactions. Based on classical consumer–resource theory, these results establish a transitional continuum of interaction outcomes in ecological networks and imply a theoretical association among interaction transition, community persistence and interaction diversity.
“Getting my Independence Back”: Economic solvency program ideas from residents of a women’s shelter
Authors: Gilroy Heidi , Nava Angeles , Ellis Pamela
Published: February 2019

Objective

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue that affects many women all over the world. One of the most consistent risk factors for IPV is poverty. On the other hand, IPV is also a risk factor for continued poverty, which puts many women in a cycle of violence and poverty that is difficult to escape. Interventions are needed to help women improve their economic solvency and decrease their poverty‐based risk for IPV.

Design

The current study is a qualitative study to examine how women who have experienced IPV would plan and execute an intervention to improve economic solvency.

Sample

The participants were 21 diverse women living in a women's shelter.

Results

The major themes that came from the women's suggestions were as follows: addressing mental health, accountability, financial management classes, job skills and education, and other resources.

Conclusion

Implications of this study include the need for more comprehensive programs, a general desire amongst the women for mentoring and accountability, and the need to address knowledge deficits about resources. This information can help resource providers to help build interventions to improve economic solvency in women who have experienced IPV and improve their overall safety.
Investigating populations via penguins and their poo!
Authors: Bonnett Laura J. , White Simon R.
Published: February 2019

We describe an activity that introduces students to population modelling, enables them to use estimates obtained from a sample to infer back to the population, and understands how the findings are translatable via penguins and their poo!
The pharmacokinetics of porcine C‐peptide after intraperitoneal injection
Authors: Iizuka Naho , Nishimura Masuhiro , Fujita Yasutaka , Sawamoto Osamu , Matsumoto Shinichi
Published: February 2019

Background

Previously, we have demonstrated that there were very low C‐Peptide concentrations and normal blood glucose levels when we transplanted encapsulated islets in the abdominal cavity of diabetic nude mice. In addition, the C‐peptide concentration in the ascites fluid of the peritoneal cavity was 40 times higher than in the peripheral blood. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal porcine C‐peptide.

Methods

To assess the pharmacokinetics of porcine C‐peptide, a synthesized porcine C‐peptide solution was injected into the peripheral circulation through the tail vein or into the peritoneal cavity in rats at low or high doses of either 200 or 2000 pmol/kg, respectively. Arterial blood samples were collected at time intervals of 1‐120 minutes after injection to calculate the terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2) and area under the time‐concentration curve (AUC0‐t).

Results

After intraperitoneal C‐peptide injection, the highest porcine C‐peptide concentration in peripheral blood was only one‐fortieth compared to after intravenous injection. The AUC0‐t for the intraperitoneal injection was 78% at the low dose and only 39% at the high dose compared to the intravenous injection. This finding indicates that C‐peptide remains in the abdominal cavity when intraperitoneally transplanted islets release C‐peptide via high glucose stimulation.

Conclusions

Porcine C‐peptide injected into a peritoneal cavity slowly and incompletely entered peripheral circulation, which resulted in very low concentration in peripheral blood.
Collision-Avoidance Reliability Analysis of Automated Vehicle Based on Adaptive Surrogate Modeling
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Zhao Ying , Hu Zhen , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Papadimitriou Dimitrios
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a reliability analysis method for automated vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems to avoid collision with an obstacle in front of the vehicle. The proposed approach consists of two main elements, namely uncertainty modeling of traffic conditions and model-based reliability analysis. In the uncertainty modeling step, a recently developed Gaussian mixture copula (GMC) method is employed to accurately represent the uncertainty in the road traffic conditions using the real-world data, and to capture the complicated correlations between different variables. Based on the uncertainty modeling of traffic conditions, an adaptive Kriging surrogate modeling method with an active learning function is then used to efficiently and accurately evaluate the collision-avoidance reliability of an automated vehicle. The application of the proposed method to the Department of Transportation Safety Pilot Model Deployment database and an in-house built Advanced Driver Assist Systems with ACC and AEB controllers demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in evaluating the collision-avoidance reliability.
A year in the life of a giant ground sloth during the Last Glacial Maximum in Belize
Authors: Larmon Jean T. , McDonald H. Gregory , Ambrose Stanley , DeSantis Larisa R. G. , Lucero Lisa J.
Published: February 2019

The geochemical analysis of an extinct giant sloth tooth from Belize reveals past climate, seasonality, diet, and adaptation.
Sodium rutin ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease–like pathology by enhancing microglial amyloid-β clearance
Authors: Pan Rui-Yuan , Ma Jun , Kong Xiang-Xi , Wang Xiao-Feng , Li Shuo-Shuo , Qi Xiao-Long , Yan Yu-Han , Cheng Jinbo , Liu Qingsong , Jin Wanzhu , Tan Chang-Heng , Yuan Zengqiang
Published: February 2019

Saltified rutin enhances microglial Aβ clearance, providing a potential therapeutic avenue for Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
Nonspecific effects of oral vaccination with live-attenuated
Salmonella
Typhi strain Ty21a
Authors: Pennington S. H. , Ferreira D. M. , Caamaño-Gutiérrez E. , Reiné J. , Hewitt C. , Hyder-Wright A. D. , Gordon S. B. , Gordon M. A.
Published: February 2019

Vaccination with weakened strains of
Salmonella
may protect against other infections.
Internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor: A building block for integrated bioelectronics
Authors: Spyropoulos George D. , Gelinas Jennifer N. , Khodagholy Dion
Published: February 2019

Internal ions enable high transconductance, fast speed, and independently controllable transistors for bioelectronics.
Direct evidence of nonstationary collisionless shocks in space plasmas
Authors: Dimmock Andrew P. , Russell Christopher T. , Sagdeev Roald Z. , Krasnoselskikh Vladimir , Walker Simon N. , Carr Christopher , Dandouras Iannis , Escoubet C. Philippe , Ganushkina Natalia , Gedalin Michael , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Aryan Homayon , Pulkkinen Tuija I. , Balikhin Michael A.
Published: February 2019

Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous throughout the universe, and we present the first direct observation of their nonstationarity.
Home ground advantage: Local Atlantic salmon have higher reproductive fitness than dispersers in the wild
Authors: Mobley Kenyon B. , Granroth-Wilding Hanna , Ellmen Mikko , Vähä Juha-Pekka , Aykanat Tutku , Johnston Susan E. , Orell Panu , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R.
Published: February 2019

Salmon spawning in their local habitat have a clear reproductive advantage over dispersers from nearby populations.
The TAM: A Translocation and Assembly Module of the β-Barrel Assembly Machinery in Bacterial Outer Membranes
Authors: Stubenrauch Christopher J. , Lithgow Trevor
Published: February 2019

Assembly of proteins into the outer membrane is an essential process in the cell biology of bacteria. The integration of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane is mediated by a system referred to as the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) that includes two related proteins: BamA in the BAM complex and TamA in the TAM (translocation and assembly module). Here we review what is known about the TAM in terms of its function and the structural architecture of its two subunits, TamA and TamB. By linking the energy transduction possibilities in the inner membrane to TamA in the outer membrane, the TAM provides additional capability to the β-barrel assembly machinery. Conservation of the TAM across evolutionary boundaries, and the presence of hybrid BAM/TAM complexes in some bacterial lineages, adds insight to our growing understanding of how bacterial outer membranes are built.
Carriage of a Single Strain of Nontoxigenic
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
bv. Belfanti (
Corynebacterium belfantii
) in Four Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Pivot Diane , Fanton Annlyse , Badell-Ocando Edgar , Benouachkou Marion , Astruc Karine , Huet Frederic , Amoureux Lucie , Neuwirth Catherine , Criscuolo Alexis , Aho Serge , Toubiana Julie , Brisse Sylvain
Published: February 2019

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are commonly colonized by bacterial pathogens, which can induce persistent lung inflammation and may contribute to clinical deterioration. Colonization of CF patients and cross-transmission by
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
have not been reported so far.
Evaluation of the MicroScan Colistin Well and Gradient Diffusion Strips for Colistin Susceptibility Testing in
Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Lutgring Joseph D. , Kim Anny , Campbell Davina , Karlsson Maria , Brown Allison C. , Burd Eileen M.
Published: February 2019

Many laboratories are unable to perform colistin susceptibility testing. Diffusion-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods are not recommended, and not all laboratories have the capacity to perform broth microdilution (BMD).
Updating quality indicators for low-risk labour care in Japan using current clinical practice guidelines: a modified Delphi method
Authors: Ueda Kayo , Kaso Misato , Ohtera Shosuke , Nakayama Takeo
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Quality indicators are measurable elements widely used to assess the quality of care. They are often developed from the results of systematic reviews or clinical practice guidelines. These sources are regularly updated in line with new clinical evidence, but there are few articles on updating quality indicators based on clinical practice guidelines. This study aimed to update the quality indicators developed for low-risk labour care in Japan in 2012, mainly drawing on new or updated clinical practice guidelines, and making the process clearly visible and assessable.

Design and setting

We used a modified Delphi method for the update. The procedure included four steps: (1) updating the definition of low-risk labour; (2) reviewing the literature published between June 2012 and December 2015 using five guidelines and two quality indicator databases to extract potential candidate indicators; (3) formation of a multidisciplinary panel including mothers and (4) panel ratings (two rounds between February and April 2016) on the validity of the candidate indicators, and judging the validity of the previous quality indicators drawing on the new evidence.

Participants

A multidisciplinary panel of 13 clinicians, including obstetricians, paediatricians and midwives, plus 3 non-clinician mothers.

Results

The literature review identified 276 new recommendations from 27 clinical practice guidelines including 2 published in Japan and 21 quality indicators. We developed 13 new candidate indicators from these sources and panel recommendations, 12 of which were approved by the multidisciplinary panel. The panel also accepted all 23 existing quality indicators as still valid, resulting in a total of 35 quality indicators for low-risk labour.

Conclusions

We successfully updated the quality indicators for low-risk labour care in Japan. The procedure developed may be useful for updating other quality indicators based on new clinical practice guidelines.