bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of a Mediterranean Diet With Outcomes for Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Bolte Laura A. , Lee Karla A. , Björk Johannes R. , Leeming Emily R. , Campmans-Kuijpers Marjo J. E. , de Haan Jacco J. , Vila Arnau Vich , Maltez-Thomas Andrew , Segata Nicola , Board Ruth , Harries Mark , Lorigan Paul , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Nathan Paul , Fehrmann Rudolf , Bataille Véronique , Spector Tim D. , Hospers Geke A. P. , Weersma Rinse K.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved the survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Durable responses are observed for 40% to 60% of patients, depending on treatment regimens. However, there is still large variability in the response to treatment with ICB, and patients experience a range of immune-related adverse events of differing severity. Nutrition, through its association with the immune system and gut microbiome, is a poorly explored but appealing target with potential to improve the efficacy and tolerability of ICB.

Objective

To investigate the association between habitual diet and response to treatment with ICB.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter cohort study (the PRIMM study) was conducted in cancer centers in the Netherlands and UK and included 91 ICB-naive patients with advanced melanoma who were receiving ICB between 2018 and 2021.

Exposures

Patients were treated with anti–programmed cell death 1 and anti–cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 monotherapy or combination therapy. Dietary intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires before treatment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Clinical end points were defined as overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival at 12 months (PFS-12), and immune-related adverse events that were grade 2 or higher.

Results

There were a total of 44 Dutch participants (mean [SD] age, 59.43 [12.74] years; 22 women [50%]) and 47 British participants (mean [SD] age, 66.21 [16.63] years; 15 women [32%]). Dietary and clinical data were prospectively collected from 91 patients receiving ICB between 2018 and 2021 for advanced melanoma in the UK and the Netherlands. Logistic generalized additive models revealed positive linear associations between a Mediterranean dietary pattern that was high in whole grains, fish, nuts, fruit, and vegetables and the probability of ORR and PFS-12 (probability of 0.77 for ORR; P = .02; false discovery rate, 0.032; effective degrees of freedom, 0.83; probability of 0.74 for PFS-12; P = .01; false discovery rate, 0.021; effective degrees of freedom, 1.54).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found a positive association between a Mediterranean diet, a widely recommended model of healthy eating, and response to treatment with ICB. Large prospective studies from different geographies are needed to confirm the findings and further elucidate the role of diet in the context of ICB.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Amsler Grid Test for Detecting Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Bjerager Jakob , Schneider Miklos , Potapenko Ivan , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Faber Carsten , Grauslund Jakob , Pfau Kristina , Huemer Josef , Muttuvelu Danson V. , Rasmussen Marie L. R. , Sabaner M. Cem , Subhi Yousif
Published: February 2023

Importance

Patients with nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are encouraged to use the Amsler grid test for self-assessment to facilitate early diagnosis. The test is widely recommended, suggesting a belief that it signals worsening AMD, warranting its use in home monitoring.

Objective

To systematically review studies of the diagnostic test accuracy of the Amsler grid in the diagnosis of neovascular AMD and to perform diagnostic test accuracy meta-analyses.

Data Sources

A systematic literature search was conducted in 12 databases for relevant titles from database inception until May 7, 2022.

Study Selection

Studies included those with groups defined as having (1) neovascular AMD and (2) either healthy eyes or eyes with nonneovascular AMD. The index test was the Amsler grid. The reference standard was ophthalmic examination. After removal of obviously irrelevant reports, 2 authors (J.B. and M.S.) independently screened the remaining references in full text for potential eligibility. Disagreements were resolved by a third author (Y.S.).

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two authors (J.B. and I.P.) independently extracted all data and evaluated quality and applicability of eligible studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Disagreements were resolved by a third author (Y.S.).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Sensitivity and specificity of the Amsler grid for detecting neovascular AMD with comparators being either healthy control participants or patients with nonneovascular AMD.

Results

Of 523 records screened, 10 studies were included with a total of 1890 eyes (mean participant age ranging from 62 to 83 years). Sensitivity and specificity to diagnose neovascular AMD were 67% (95% CI, 51%-79%) and 99% (95% CI, 85%-100%), respectively, when comparators were healthy control participants and 71% (95% CI, 60%-80%) and 63% (95% CI, 49%-51%), respectively, when control participants were patients with nonneovascular AMD. Overall, potential sources of bias were low across studies.

Conclusions and Relevance

Although the Amsler grid is easy and inexpensive to use for detection of metamorphopsia, its sensitivity may be at levels typically not recommended for monitoring. Coupling this lower sensitivity with only moderate specificity to identify neovascular AMD in a population at risk, these findings suggest that such patients typically should be encouraged to undergo ophthalmic examination regularly, regardless of any results of Amsler grid self-assessment.
The genome sequence of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substrain GT‐T and its implications for the evolution of PCC 6803 substrains
Authors: Koskinen Satu , Kurkela Juha , Linhartová Markéta , Tyystjärvi Taina
Published: February 2023

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a model cyanobacterium, glucose‐tolerant substrains of which are commonly used as laboratory strains. In recent years, it has become evident that ‘wild‐type’ strains used in different laboratories show some differences in their phenotypes. We report here the chromosome sequence of our Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substrain, named substrain GT‐T. The chromosome sequence of GT‐T was compared to those of two other commonly used laboratory substrains, GT‐S and PCC‐M. We identified 11 specific mutations in the GT‐T substrain, whose physiological consequences are discussed. We also provide an update on evolutionary relationships between different Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 substrains.
Sounds and speech: Individual differences in unfamiliar voice recognition
Authors: Sunilkumar Dolly , Kelly Steve W. , Stevenage Sarah V. , Rankine Dillon , Robertson David J.
Published: February 2023

In several applied contexts (e.g., earwitness testimony), the accurate recognition of unfamiliar voices can be a critical part of the person identification process. However, recognising unfamiliar voices is prone to error. While such errors could be reduced by testing the proficiency of listeners, the established tests of unfamiliar voice matching (BVMT) and memory (GVMT) may be limited by their choice of stimuli (i.e., vowel‐sounds) and their design (i.e., using identical sounds at learning and test; GVMT). Here, we examine whether these sound‐based tests are predictive of performance on more naturalistic speech‐based tasks, and whether performance is consistent across task‐domain (matching/memory) and task‐modality (voices/faces). The findings show that while the BVMT was a robust predictor of speech‐based voice matching, this was not the case for the GVMT and speech‐based voice memory. In addition, we provide evidence for a potential common person recognition factor ‘p’. The theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Adaptive guaranteed‐performance consensus for high‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems with switching topologies
Authors: Yan Ke‐Xing , Han Tao , Xiao Bo , Yang Qingsheng , Yan Huaicheng
Published: February 2023

This article investigates the adaptive guaranteed‐performance consensus problem for high‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with switching topologies, and briefly analyzes the special leader‐following situation. To further handle the problem of adaptive guaranteed‐performance consensus for higher‐order nonlinear MASs with switching topologies, two novel distributed control protocols are introduced, which are applied to the leaderless and leader tracking cases, respectively. In addition, the methods based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) and Riccati inequality provide the judgment basis for the stability of Lyapunov function theorem. Eventually, the theoretical results are efficiently and successfully validated by numerical simulations.
A Novel PowderMEMS Technique for Fabrication of Low‐Cost High‐Power‐Factor Thermoelectric Films and Micro‐Patterns
Authors: Deng Kangfa , Zhang Qihao , Fu Yangxi , Lasagni Andrés Fabián , Reith Heiko , Nielsch Kornelius
Published: February 2023

Thermoelectric (TE) films, which are normally fabricated by MicroElectroMechanical‐Systems (MEMS) technology, are crucial for the development of micro‐TE devices (e.g., Peltier coolers for hot‐spot cooling, TE generators). However, achieving a significant TE property (e.g., high power factor) of TE films and a low‐cost fabrication process is challenging. A novel fabrication technique named PowderMEMS to fabricate high‐performance, low‐cost TE films, and micro‐patterns is presented in this article. The TE film is based on agglomeration of micro‐sized N‐type (BTS) powders with stoichiometric composition by the molten binder bismuth (Bi). The influence of the key process parameters (e.g., the weight ratio between the TE powder and the binder, the hot‐pressing duration, and pressure) on the TE performance is investigated. The TE film exhibits a maximum power factor of 1.7  at room temperature, which is the highest value reported so far for the state‐of‐the‐art TE thick film (thickness > 10 μm). Besides, the PowderMEMS‐based TE films are successfully patterned to the micro‐pillar array, which opens up a new MEMS‐compatible approach for manufacturing micro‐TE devices.
Giant Exchange‐Bias‐Like Effect at Low Cooling Fields Induced by Pinned Magnetic Domains in Y2NiIrO6 Double Perovskite
Authors: Deng Zheng , Wang Xiao , Wang Mengqin , Shen Feiran , Zhang Jine , Chen Yuansha , Feng Hai L. , Xu Jiawang , Peng Yi , Li Wenmin , Zhao Jianfa , Wang Xiancheng , Valvidares Manuel , Francoual Sonia , Leupold Olaf , Hu Zhiwei , Tjeng Liu Hao , Li Man‐Rong , Croft Mark , Zhang Ying , Liu Enke , He Lunhua , Hu Fengxia , Sun Jirong , Greenblatt Martha , Jin Changqing
Published: February 2023

Exchange bias (EB) is highly desirable for widespread technologies. Generally, conventional exchange‐bias heterojunctions require excessively large cooling fields for sufficient bias fields, which are generated by pinned spins at the interface of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers. It is crucial for applicability to obtain considerable exchange‐bias fields with minimum cooling fields. Here, an exchange‐bias‐like effect is reported in a double perovskite, Y2NiIrO6, which shows long‐range ferrimagnetic ordering below 192 K. It displays a giant bias‐like field of 1.1 T with a cooling field of only 15 Oe at 5 K. This robust phenomenon appears below 170 K. This fascinating bias‐like effect is the secondary effect of the vertical shifts of the magnetic loops, which is attributed to the pinned magnetic domains due to the combination of strong spin–orbit coupling on Ir, and antiferromagnetically coupled Ni‐ and Ir‐sublattices. The pinned moments in Y2NiIrO6 are present throughout the full volume, not just at the interface as in conventional bilayer systems.
Multifunction of Biomimetic Liquid Infused Systems Derived from SLIPS Theory: A Review
Authors: Xia Liye , Zhang Siyu , Guo Zhiguang
Published: February 2023

Slippery liquid infused porous surface (SLIPS) inspired by the microstructure of carnivorous Nepenthes has the potential to be used in a wide range of fields, including nautical, industrial, medical, etc. Due to their excellent optical transparency, self‐healing after mechanical injury and controllable wetting properties, SLIPS has attracted extensive research interest. With appropriate lubricants, sufficient performance will be armed to the surface so as to adapt for further requirements. In this review, the first part focuses on the basic theory of the different wettable models explaining the physical phenomena of these surfaces and their wettability. Then various representative fabrication methods are listed such as lithography, layer‐by‐layer assembly, and electrochemical anodic oxidation. There are three steps including in the process of SLIPS preparation:fabrication of rough substrate, chemical modification of rough substrate and infusion of low surface energy lubricating oil. Furthermore, recent applications and researches of SLIPS are introduced, mainly about drag reduction, anticorrosion, anti‐icing, medical treatment, and droplet manipulation. Finally, make a prospection to the limitations of practical application and future development direction of the technology.
Recent Advances in Potassium‐Ion Batteries: From Material Design to Electrolyte Engineering
Authors: Zheng Jing , Hu Chi , Nie Luanjie , Chen Hang , Zang Shenluo , Ma Mengtao , Lai Qingxue
Published: February 2023

Compared with extensively applied lithium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) exhibit similar working principles, comparable energy densities but low costs and thus great potential in grid‐scale energy storage applications. However, the K‐storage performance of PIBs is significantly limited by the serious structure stress in electrode materials due to the large radius of K+ as well as poor electrolyte design principles to match the novel energy storage system. This review summarizes recent advances in material design of cathode and anode electrodes as well as electrolyte engineering for the novel electrochemical K‐storage system. Especially the rational manipulation of the solid electrolyte interphase by electrolyte design to achieve satisfactory K‐storage performance is emphasized. Furthermore, the guidelines and improved strategies are proposed for developing advanced PIBs for next‐generation energy storage technologies.
Face‐to‐Face Steric Modulation to Achieve High Performance Multiple‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Quenching Resistant Effect
Authors: Luo Xu‐Feng , Ni Hua‐Xiu , Liang Xiao , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin
Published: February 2023

Multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters with highly planar and rigid skeleton tend toward self‐quenching and spectral broadening caused by strong inter‐chromophore interactions at high doping ratios. Herein, by introducing the sterically hindered unit (N‐phenylcarbazole) at the para‐ and meta‐positions of boron/nitrogen (B/N) framework (p−1‐PCzBN and m−1‐PCzBN), the face‐to‐face steric modulation between the non‐conjugated benzene ring and B/N skeleton is achieved to separate adjacent MR‐TADF skeletons and to suppress self‐quenching and spectral broadening. Consequently, the p−1‐PCzBN and m−1‐PCzBN emitters based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) show the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values of up to 33.6% and 32.6% with full width at half maximum (FWHM) bands of 26 and 30 nm for electroluminescence (EL), respectively. Remarkably, the doped concentration has little effect on the device efficiency and FWHM of the EL, and this phenomenon is seldom reported for OLEDs based on MR‐TADF materials. Even at doping ratio of 30 wt%, the EQEs are still retained to be 28.5% and 25.6% with nearly unchanged electroluminescence spectra. These results manifest an effective strategy for constructing efficient doping concentration independent OLEDs through face‐to‐face steric modulation.
Doping Mn2+ in a New Layered Halide Double Perovskite PPA4NaInCl8 (PPA+ = C6H5(CH2)3NH3+): Dimensional Reduction Accelerating Mn2+ Dissolution and Separation for Efficient Light Emission
Authors: Li Zhongyuan , Li Bin , Liu Wuqi , Yan Dong , Tang Qiang , Fang Zhen , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: February 2023

Mn2+‐activated halide double perovskites (HDPs) are found to show promising luminescent behavior and have great potential for optoelectronic applications. However, such interesting materials hitherto are only limited to compounds with a monotonous three‐dimensional structure and show a low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, an Mn2+‐doped two‐dimensional (2D) layered HDP PPA4NaInCl8 (PPA+ = C6H5(CH2)3NH3+) showing promising photoluminescence properties is reported. The large separation between the adjacent inorganic sheets and the good dissolution of Mn2+ in the layered structure endow PPA4NaInCl8:Mn2+ with efficient red emission and a record PLQY of 69.90%. The spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory calculations indicate that the inherent absorption and luminescence stem from the inserted organic cations PPA+ in PPA4NaInCl8. An energy transfer process occurs between the singlet excitons from PPA+ and Mn2+, resulting in tunable emission accompanied by the variation of Mn2+ concentration. These results provide several new fundamental insights on doping and doped 2D layered HDPs, which enhances the understanding of structure−property relations in this important family.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Piperidines via Biocatalytic Transamination and Diastereoselective Enamine or Imine Reduction
Authors: Petermeier Philipp , Kohlfuerst Christoph , Torvisco Ana , Fischer Roland C. , Mata Alejandro , Dallinger Doris , Kappe C. Oliver , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

Substituted piperidine rings are a common motif in natural products and pharmaceutical drugs. The asymmetric synthesis of piperidines bearing multiple stereocentres remains a challenge, and current approaches often rely on lengthy reaction sequences and ‘chiral pool’ strategies. Herein, we report multi‐enzymatic and chemo‐enzymatic methods that allow the preparation of piperidines with three chirality centres in only two steps from achiral diketoester precursors. Stereocontrol is achieved by a highly enantioselective transamination leading to optically pure (ee >99%) enamine or imine intermediates, followed by diastereoselective reduction of these unsaturated N‐heterocycles using either platinum(0)‐catalysed flow hydrogenation or enzymatic imine reduction. In the latter case, coupling of the two biocatalytic reactions in a concurrent one‐pot process is possible, thus reducing the synthetic sequence to a single biotransformation. In total, nine trisubstituted piperidines were prepared in high stereoisomeric purities (dr ≥98:2) and isolated yields of up to 73%. Lead‐likeness analysis of five representative products using an open‐source webtool suggests that these compounds possess considerable application potential as building blocks in drug discovery.
Liquid Nitrogen Sources Assisting Gram‐Scale Production of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: An Beibei , Zhou Jingsheng , Duan Liangjing , Liu Xiao , Yu Guanyao , Ren Tiegang , Guo Xugeng , Li Yuanyuan , Ågren Hans , Wang Li , Zhang Jinglai
Published: February 2023

Developing metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N‐C)‐based single‐atom electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) have captured widespread interest because of their outstanding activity and selectivity. Yet, the loss of nitrogen sources during the synthetic process hinders their further development. Herein, an effective strategy using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) as a liquid nitrogen source to construct a nickel single‐atom electrocatalyst (Ni‐SA) with well‐defined Ni‐N4 sites on a carbon support (denoted as Ni‐SA‐BB/C) is reported. This is shown to deliver a carbon monoxide faradaic efficiency of >95% over a potential of −0.7 to −1.1 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) with excellent durability. Furthermore, the obtained Ni‐SA‐BB/C catalyst possesses higher nitrogen content than the Ni‐SA catalyst prepared by conventional nitrogen sources. Importantly, only thimbleful Ni nanoparticles (Ni‐NP) are contained in the large‐scale‐prepared Ni‐SA‐BB/C catalyst without acid leaching, and with only a slight decrease in the catalytic activity. Density functional theory calculations indicate a salient difference between Ni‐SA and Ni‐NP in the catalytic performance toward CO2RR. This work introduces a simple and amenable manufacturing strategy to large‐scale fabrication of nickel single‐atom electrocatalysts for CO2‐to‐CO conversion.
New Interpretation of Glass Formation in Isomeric Substances: Shifting from Melting‐Point to Melting‐Entropy
Authors: Ren Baokang , Li Zijing , Zhang Yanhui , Feng Shidong , Wang Li‐Min
Published: February 2023

Revealing the critical thermodynamic parameters determining the glass formation of substances is of great significance for understanding the glass transition and guiding the composition design of glass‐forming materials. Nevertheless, the direct access to glass‐forming ability (GFA) by thermodynamics for various substances remains to be substantiated. The strategy to seek the fundamental properties of glass formation is explored several decades ago, as pioneered by Angell, arguing that the GFA in isomeric xylenes depends on the low lattice energy manifested by the low melting point. Here, an in‐depth study is advanced using two more isomeric systems. Surprisingly, the results do not constantly support the reported relationship between the melting point and glass formation among isomeric molecules. Instead, molecules with enhanced glass formability are featured by the properties of low melting entropy without exception. Comprehensive studies of isomeric molecules find that the low melting entropy is roughly accompanied by the low melting point, explaining the apparent link between melting point and glass formation. Progressively, the viscosity measurements of the isomers uncover a strong dependence of the melting viscosity on melting entropy. These results emphasize the significance of the melting entropy in governing the glass formability of substances.
Ultrahigh Nitrogen Content Carbon Nanosheets for High Stable Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Huang Bicheng , Sun Shixiong , Wan Jing , Zhang Wen , Liu Siying , Zhang Jingwen , Yan Feiyang , Liu Yi , Xu Jia , Cheng Fangyuan , Xu Yue , Lin Yaqing , Fang Chun , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2023

Sodium metal, with a high theoretical specific capacity of 1165 mAh g−1, is the ultimate anode for sodium batteries, yet how to deal with the inhomogeneous and dendritic sodium deposition and the infinite relative dimension change of sodium metal anodes during sodium depositing/stripping is still challenging. Here, a facile fabricated sodiuphilic 2D N‐doped carbon nanosheets (N‐CSs) are proposed as sodium host material for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) to prevent dendrite formation and eliminate volume change during cycling. Revealing from combined in situ characterization analyses and theoretical simulations, the high nitrogen content and porous nanoscale interlayer gaps of the 2D N‐CSs can not only concede dendrite‐free sodium stripping/depositing but also accommodate the infinite relative dimension change. Furthermore, N‐CSs can be easily process into N‐CSs/Cu electrode via traditional commercial battery electrode coating equipment that pave the way for large‐scale industrial applications. On account of the abundant nucleation sites and sufficient deposition space, N‐CSs/Cu electrodes demonstrate a superior cycle stability of more than 1500 h at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 with a high coulomb efficiency of more than 99.9% and ultralow nucleation overpotential, which enable reversible and dendrites‐free SMBs and shed light on further development of SMBs with even higher performance.
X‐Ray Activatable Au/Ag Nanorods for Tumor Radioimmunotherapy Sensitization and Monitoring of the Therapeutic Response Using NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Zheng Si , Gao Duyang , Wu Yayun , Hu Dehong , Li Ziyue , Wang Yuenan , Zheng Hairong , Li Yingjia , Sheng Zonghai
Published: February 2023

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is an advanced physical therapy used to kill primary cancer cells and inhibit the growth of distant metastatic cancer cells. However, challenges remain because RIT generally has low efficacy and serious side effects, and its effects are difficult to monitor in vivo. This work reports that Au/Ag nanorods (NRs) enhance the effectiveness of RIT against cancer while allowing the therapeutic response to be monitored using activatable photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near‐infrared region (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm). The Au/Ag NRs can be etched using high‐energy X‐ray to release silver ions (Ag+), which promotes dendritic cell (DC) maturation, enhances T‐cell activation and infiltration, and effectively inhibits primary and distant metastatic tumor growth. The survival time of metastatic tumor‐bearing mice treated with Au/Ag NR‐enhanced RIT is 39 days compared with 23 days in the PBS control group. Furthermore, the surface plasmon absorption intensity at 1040 nm increases fourfold after Ag+ are released from the Au/Ag NRs, allowing X‐ray activatable NIR‐II PA imaging to monitor the RIT response with a high signal‐to‐background ratio of 24.4. Au/Ag NR‐based RIT has minimal side effects and shows great promise for precise cancer RIT.
Understanding the Configurational Entropy Evolution in Metal‐Phosphorus Solid Solution for Highly Reversible Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Yaqing , Yao Runzhe , Liu Xuhao , Chen Wen , Qian Jiayao , Yin Yiyi , Li De , Chen Yong
Published: February 2023

The high‐entropy materials (HEM) have attracted increasing attention in catalysis and energy storage due to their large configurational entropy and multiunique properties. However, it is failed in alloying‐type anode due to their Li‐inactive transition‐metal compositions. Herein, inspired by high‐entropy concept, the Li‐active elements instead of transition‐metal ones are introduced for metal‐phosphorus synthesis. Interestingly, a new ZnxGeyCuzSiwP2 solid solution is successfully synthesized as proof of concept, which is first verified to cubic system in F‐43m. More specially, such ZnxGeyCuzSiwP2 possesses wide‐range tunable region from 9911 to 4466, in which the Zn0.5Ge0.5Cu0.5Si0.5P2 accounts for the highest configurational entropy. When served as anode, ZnxGeyCuzSiwP2 delivers large capacity (>1500 mAh g−1) and suitable plateau (≈0.5 V) for energy storage, breaking the conventional view that HEM is helpless for alloying anode due to its transition‐metal compositions. Among them, the Zn0.5Ge0.5Cu0.5Si0.5P2 exhibits the highest initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) (93%), Li‐diffusivity (1.11 × 10−10), lowest volume‐expansion (34.5%), and best rate performances (551 mAh g−1 at 6400 mA g−1) owing to its largest configurational entropy. Possible mechanism reveals the high entropy stabilization enables good accommodation of volume change and fast electronic transportation, thus supporting superior cyclability and rate performances. This large configurational entropy strategy in metal‐phosphorus solid solution may open new avenues to develop other high‐entropy materials for advanced energy storage.
Challenges and Perspectives toward Future Wide‐Bandgap Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhang Meng , Li Zikun , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhu Rui
Published: February 2023

Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are acknowledged as promising candidates for multijunction tandem and building photovoltaics, which attract broad research interest in related research communities. However, the performance of WBG PSCs based on the mixed‐halide perovskites still lags far behind their pure‐iodide counterparts because of the complex compositional evolution, huge photovoltage deficits, and intrinsic spectral losses. Here, by comprehensively understanding the representative WBG PSCs, the main “WBG drawbacks” from the device point of view are discussed in‐depth and three intrinsic critical issues for the growth of high‐quality WBG perovskites are proposed. The prospects for WBG PSCs toward future advancements and commercialization are also presented to guide the coming research hot spots.
Controlling Electrolyte Properties and Redox Reactions Using Solvation and Implications in Battery Functions: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Leverick Graham , Shao‐Horn Yang
Published: February 2023

Electrolytes will play a central role in the development of next‐generation batteries with increased energy density and cycle life and reduced cost. While molecular designs can enable electrolytes with favorable properties like increased (electro)chemical stability, such properties can be manipulated additionally through the intermolecular interactions among species within the electrolyte. In this mini‐review, a number of intermolecular interactions in the electrolyte that can give rise to significant enhancement in battery functions are highlighted. The critical role of reactant and product solubility is shown in battery reactions, where increasing solubility can enable a dissolution–precipitation reaction pathway, decrease overpotential, and increase capacity. Through the intermolecular interactions among solvent, additives, and ions, the reactivity of electrolyte species can be altered significantly by either enhancing solvent (electro)chemical stability or facilitating water deprotonation in Li–O2 reactions. It is shown that incorporating redox active species in the electrolyte can reduce the reaction overpotential and enhance cycle life. Moreover, intermolecular interactions that can increase the ionic conductivity and transference number of electrolytes are identified. Finally, future opportunities are highlighted to exploit these intermolecular interactions to gain unprecedented molecular control over the electrolyte and enable next‐generation batteries.
A performance indicator for the screening of adsorbent/desorbent pairs for gas‐phase simulated moving bed applications
Authors: Dias Rafael O. M. , Nogueira Idelfonso B. R. , Ferreira Alexandre F. P. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Ribeiro Ana M.
Published: February 2023

In a simulated moving bed, the regeneration is accomplished by the introduction of a third species, the desorbent, which is later recovered by two downstream separations. As such, the choice of a proper adsorbent/desorbent pair is critical to ensure the effectiveness of the SMB process. While this can be done by comparing the separation region for each system, the computational effort required is extremely high. By developing a parameter that uses readily available literature data, the selection process is sped up and can be easily accomplished. In this work, an SMB performance indicator (SPI) is suggested. This indicator involves the trade‐off between the adsorption selectivity in the presence of the desorbent, the adsorption capacity of the most retained species, and the ratio of the most and less retained species' enthalpies. The developed metric can select the most suitable adsorbent/pair for a specific gas separation by SMB through simple calculations.
CSF biomarker concordance with amyloid PET in Phase 3 studies of aducanumab
Authors: Nisenbaum Laura , Martone Robert , Chen Tianle , Rajagovindan Rajasimhan , Dent Gersham , Beaver John , Rubel Carrie , Racine Annie , He Ping , Harrison Katie , Dean Robert , Vandijck Manu , Haeberlein Samantha Budd
Published: February 2023

Introduction

We assessed the use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers as an alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) for brain amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology confirmation in the EMERGE and ENGAGE clinical trials.

Methods

EMERGE and ENGAGE were randomized, placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 trials of aducanumab in participants with early Alzheimer's disease. Concordance between CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau 181, and total tau) and amyloid PET status (visual read) at screening was examined.

Results

Robust concordance between CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET visual status was observed (for Aβ42/Aβ40, AUC: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83‐0.97; p < 0.0001), confirming CSF biomarkers as a reliable alternative to amyloid PET in these studies. Compared with single CSF biomarkers, CSF biomarker ratios showed better agreement with amyloid PET visual reads, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy.

Discussion

These analyses add to the growing body of evidence supporting CSF biomarkers as reliable alternatives to amyloid PET imaging for brain Aβ pathology confirmation.

Highlights

CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET concordance were assessed in Ph3 aducanumab trials.

Robust concordance between CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET was observed.

CSF biomarker ratios increased diagnostic accuracy over single CSF biomarkers.

CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 demonstrated high concordance with amyloid PET.

Results support CSF biomarker testing as a reliable alternative to amyloid PET.
Neuropathology‐based APOE genetic risk score better quantifies Alzheimer's risk
Authors: Deming Yuetiva , Vasiljevic Eva , Morrow Autumn , Miao Jiacheng , Van Hulle Carol , Jonaitis Erin , Ma Yue , Whitenack Vanessa , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Wild Norbert , Suridjan Ivonne , Shaw Leslie M. , Asthana Sanjay , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Bendlin Barbara B. , Lu Qiongshi , Engelman Corinne D. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4‐carrier status or ε4 allele count are included in analyses to account for the APOE genetic effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, this does not account for protective effects of APOE ε2 or heterogeneous effect of ε2, ε3, and ε4 haplotypes.

METHODS

We leveraged results from an autopsy‐confirmed AD study to generate a weighted risk score for APOE (APOE‐npscore). We regressed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid and tau biomarkers on APOE variables from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP), Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (WADRC), and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

RESULTS

The APOE‐npscore explained more variance and provided a better model fit for all three CSF measures than APOE ε4‐carrier status and ε4 allele count. These findings were replicated in ADNI and observed in subsets of cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants.

DISCUSSION

The APOE‐npscore reflects the genetic effect on neuropathology and provides an improved method to account for APOE in AD‐related analyses.
ARMOR: Auto‐Assembled Resilient Biomimetic Calcified Ornaments for Selective Cell Protection by Dual‐Aptamer‐Driven Hybridization Chain Reaction
Authors: Yu Xiyuan , Lin Wei , Lai Qian , Song Juan , Liu Yilong , Su Rui , Niu Qi , Yang Liu , Yang Chaoyong , Zhang Huimin , Zhu Zhi
Published: February 2023

Unlike plant and microbial cells having cell walls, the outermost layer of mammalian cell is a delicate, two‐layered structure of phospholipids with proteins embedded, which is susceptible to environmental changes. It is necessary to create an “armor” on cell surface to protect cell integrity. Here, we propose an Auto‐assembled Resilient bioMimetic calcified ORnaments (ARMOR) strategy driven by dual‐aptamer‐based hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and Ca2+ assisted calcification for selective cell protection. This co‐recognition design enhances the selectivity and leverages robust in situ signal amplification by HCR to improve the sensitivity. The calcified shell is cogenerated by crosslinking the alginate‐HCR product with Ca2+ ion. ARMOR has high efficiency for shielding cells from environmental assaults, which can be applied to circulating tumor cell (CTC) protection, isolation, and identification, maintaining the native state and intact genetic information for downstream analysis.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks for C6 Alkane Separation
Authors: Xie Feng , Yu Liang , Wang Hao , Li Jing
Published: February 2023

The separation of alkane isomers is an important yet challenging process in the petrochemical industry. Being a crucial step to produce premium gasoline components as well as optimum ethylene feed, the current industrial separation by distillation is extremely energy intensive. Adsorptive separation based on zeolite is limited by insufficient adsorption capacity. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) hold enormous promise as alternative adsorbents due to their diverse structural tunability and exceptional porosity. Precise control of their pore geometry/dimensions has led to superior performance. In this minireview, we highlight the recent progresses in developing MOFs for the separation of C6 alkane isomers. Representative MOFs are reviewed based on their separation mechanisms. Emphasis is put on the material design rationale for achieving optimal separation capability. Finally, we briefly discuss the existing challenges, possible solutions, and future directions of this important field.
Equations of state for dense matter and astrophysical constraints
Authors: Jacobsen Rafael Bán , Dexheimer Verônica , Farias Ricardo Luciano Sonego
Published: February 2023

This conference proceeding presents an overview of the modern approaches in the study of baryonic matter at high densities, focusing on the use of online repositories such as CompOSE and MUSES for the calculation of neutron star properties. In this context, relevant astrophysical constraints for the equations of state (mass‐radius relation, speed of sound, tidal deformability) are discussed.
The Importance of Subcellular Structures to the Modeling of Biological Cells in the Context of Computational Bioelectromagnetics Simulations
Authors: Jerbic Kevin , Svejda Jan T. , Sievert Benedikt , Rennings Andreas , Fröhlich Jürg , Erni Daniel
Published: February 2023

Numerical investigation of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with eukaryotic cells requires specifically adapted computer models. Virtual microdosimetry, used to investigate exposure, requires volumetric cell models, which are numerically challenging. For this reason, a method is presented here to determine the current and volumetric loss densities occurring in single cells and their distinct compartments in a spatially accurate manner as a first step toward multicellular models within the microstructure of tissue layers. To achieve this, 3D models of the electromagnetic exposure of generic eukaryotic cells of different shape (i.e. spherical and ellipsoidal) and internal complexity (i.e. different organelles) are performed in a virtual, finite element method‐based capacitor experiment in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 GHz. In this context, the spectral response of the current and loss distribution within the cell compartments is investigated and any effects that occur are attributed either to the dispersive material properties of these compartments or to the geometric characteristics of the cell model investigated in each case. In these investigations, the cell is represented as an anisotropic body with an internal distributed membrane system of low conductivity that mimics the endoplasmic reticulum in a simplified manner. This will be used to determine which details of the cell interior need to be modeled, how the electric field and the current density will be distributed in this region, and where the electromagnetic energy is absorbed in the microstructure regarding electromagnetic microdosimetry. Results show that for 5 G frequencies, membranes make a significant contribution to the absorption losses. © 2023 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Effects of the protonation and the polar solvation on the molecular properties of methyl orange: A density functional theory study
Authors: You Kanghyeon , Kwon O‐Pil , Kim Dongwook
Published: February 2023

Methyl orange (MO) and its protonated derivatives were investigated at the density functional theory (DFT) level using CAM‐B3LYP functional and 6‐311 + G(d,p) basis sets; their absorption spectra in aqueous solution were simulated, their relative stabilities in both the gas phase and the polar solutions were calculated, and the activation energy barrier for the cis‐to‐trans isomerization in both phases were computed. Except the protonation at the amino group, all the protonated isomers show a bathochromic shift of the most intense absorption peak. In the gas phase, the sulfonate unit turns out to be the most favorable proton acceptor. In the polar solutions, however, azo groups are more effective to accept the proton. The protonation at the azo N atom next to the phenyl‐sulfonate group significantly reduces the energy barrier for the cis‐to‐trans conversion in the aqueous solution, which suggests a swift conversion in the ground state.
The tissue distribution of Jinzhen oral liquid in healthy and influenza mice
Authors: Chen Xialin , Gao Xia , Cao Liang , Wang Shanli , Qian Mengyu , Tong Xiaoyu , Wang Jiajia , Gao Huifang , Wang Zhenzhong , Li Jifeng , Xiao Wei
Published: February 2023

Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) is widely used in China. However, its tissue distribution, a vital part of the efficacy substances research, has not been reported yet. This study characterized its chemical components and its prototypes and metabolites in mice, and investigated its tissue distribution in pathological and healthy mice. Several constituents were characterized, including 55 constituents in JZOL, 11 absorbed prototypes and six metabolites in plasma and tissues. The metabolic pathways were demethylation, dehydration and acetylation. A sensitive, accurate and stable quantitative method was established and applied to the tissue distribution. After administration of JZOL, these seven components were rapidly distributed to various tissues, mainly staying in the small intestine, and less distributed to lung, liver and kidney. Compared with healthy mice, the absorption of baicalin, wogonoside, rhein, glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin apioside was reduced in influenza mice, but their elimination was slow. However, influenza infection had no obvious effect on the overall distribution of the most important components (baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid and wogonoside) in the plasma or small intestine, but obviously affected the distribution of baicalin in liver. In summary, seven components are rapidly distributed to various tissues, and influenza infection has certain influence on the tissue distribution of JZOL.
Characterization of visual processing in temporomandibular disorders using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Harper Daniel E. , Gopinath Kaundinya , Smith Jeremy L. , Gregory Mia , Ichesco Eric , Aronovich Sharon , Harris Richard E. , Harte Steven E. , Clauw Daniel J. , Fleischer Candace C.
Published: February 2023

Background and Purpose

Many patients with chronic pain report hypersensitivity not only to noxious stimuli, but also to other modalities including innocuous touch, sound, and light, possibly due to differences in the processing of these stimuli. The goal of this study was to characterize functional connectivity (FC) differences between subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and pain‐free controls during a visual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task that included an unpleasant, strobing visual stimulus. We hypothesized the TMD cohort would exhibit maladaptations in brain networks consistent with multisensory hypersensitivities observed in TMD patients.

Methods

This pilot study included 16 subjects, 10 with TMD and 6 pain‐free controls. Clinical pain was characterized using self‐reported questionnaires. Visual task‐based fMRI data were collected on a 3T MR scanner and used to determine differences in FC via group independent component analysis.

Results

Compared to controls, subjects with TMD exhibited abnormally increased FC between the default mode network and lateral prefrontal areas involved in attention and executive function, and impaired FC between the frontoparietal network and higher order visual processing areas.

Conclusions

The results indicate maladaptation of brain functional networks, likely due to deficits in multisensory integration, default mode network function, and visual attention and engendered by chronic pain mechanisms.
Examining the influence of employee engagement in supporting the implementation of green supply chain management practices: A green human resource management perspective
Authors: Graham Stephanie , Cadden Trevor , Treacy Raymond
Published: February 2023

How implementation of environmental practices is supported by employee engagement remains underexplored in the literature. Based on the natural resource‐based view (NRBV), this study examines the role of employee engagement in supporting successful implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. Specifically, we theorise and test the mediating role of employee engagement on the relationship between GSCM practices and environmental performance. Survey data from 394 manufacturing firms were used to test the model and hypotheses. Our findings show that employee engagement plays an important role in supporting the implementation of most GSCM practices. Non‐significant results in relation to eco‐design practices suggest that employee engagement is not as important for supporting product design‐based GSCM practices. Our study provides insights for managers and scholars seeking to address important questions around ‘how’ GSCM practices can be implemented effectively.
Antitumor therapy for breast cancer: Focus on tumor‐associated macrophages and nanosized drug delivery systems
Authors: Zhan Cuiping , Jin Ying , Xu Xinzhi , Shao Jiangbo , Jin Chunxiang
Published: February 2023

Background

In breast cancer (BC), tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and are closely related to poor prognosis. A growing number of studies have focused on the role of TAMs in BC progression and therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs. As an emerging treatment, the application of nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDSs) in the treatment of BC by targeting TAMs has attracted much attention.

Aims

This review is to summarize the characteristics and treatment strategies targeting TAMs in BC and to clarify the applications of NDDSs targeting TAMs in the treatment of BC by targeting TAMs.

Materials & Methods

The existing results related to characteristics of TAMs in BC, BC treatment strategies by targeting TAMs, and the applications of NDDSs in these strategies are described. Through analyzing these results, the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment strategies using NDDSs are discussed, which could provide advices on designing NDDSs for BC treatment.

Results

TAMs are one of the most prominent noncancer cell types in BC. TAMs not only promote angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis but also lead to therapeutic resistance and immunosuppression. Mainly four strategies have been used to target TAMs for BC therapy, which include depleting macrophages, blocking recruitment, reprogramming to attain an anti‐tumor phenotype, and increasing phagocytosis. Since NDDSs can efficiently deliver drugs to TAMs with low toxicity, they are promising approaches for targeting TAMs in tumor therapy. NDDSs with various structures can deliver immunotherapeutic agents and nucleic acid therapeutics to TAMs. In addition, NDDSs can realize combination therapies.

Discussion

TAMs play a critical role in the progression of BC. An increasing number of strategies have been proposed to regulate TAMs. Compared with free drugs, NDDSs targeting TAMs improve drug concentration, reduce toxicity and realize combination therapies. However, in order to achieve better therapeutic efficacy, there are still some disadvantages that need to be considered in the design of NDDSs.

Conclusion

TAMs play an important role in the progression of BC, and targeting TAMs is a promising strategy for BC therapy. In particular, NDDSs targeting TAMs have unique advantages and are potential treatments for BC.