bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvent-free selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to azoxy compounds over Co single atoms decorated on Nb2O5 nanomeshes
Authors: Li Zhijun , Lu Xiaowen , Guo Cong , Ji Siqi , Liu Hongxue , Guo Chunmin , Lu Xue , Wang Chao , Yan Wensheng , Liu Bingyu , Wu Wei , Horton J. Hugh , Xin Shixuan , Wang Yu
Published: April 2024

The solvent-free selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to azoxy compounds is highly important, yet challenging. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to construct individually dispersed Co atoms decorated on niobium pentaoxide nanomeshes with unique geometric and electronic properties. The use of this supported Co single atom catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to azoxybenzene results in high catalytic activity and selectivity, with 99% selectivity and 99% conversion within 0.5 h. Remarkably, it delivers an exceptionally high turnover frequency of 40377 h–1, which is amongst similar state-of-the-art catalysts. In addition, it demonstrates remarkable recyclability, reaction scalability, and wide substrate scope. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the catalytic activity and selectivity are significantly promoted by the unique electronic properties and strong electronic metal-support interaction in Co1/Nb2O5. The absence of precious metals, toxic solvents, and reagents makes this catalyst more appealing for synthesizing azoxy compounds from nitroaromatics. Our findings suggest the great potential of this strategy to access single atom catalysts with boosted activity and selectivity, thus offering blueprints for the design of nanomaterials for organocatalysis.
Utility of polygenic scores across diverse diseases in a hospital cohort for predictive modeling
Authors: Sun Ting-Hsuan , Wang Chia-Chun , Liu Ting-Yuan , Lo Shih-Chang , Huang Yi-Xuan , Chien Shang-Yu , Chu Yu-De , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Hsu Kai-Cheng
Published: April 2024

Polygenic scores estimate genetic susceptibility to diseases. We systematically calculated polygenic scores across 457 phenotypes using genotyping array data from China Medical University Hospital. Logistic regression models assessed polygenic scores’ ability to predict disease traits. The polygenic score model with the highest accuracy, based on maximal area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), is provided on the GeneAnaBase website of the hospital. Our findings indicate 49 phenotypes with AUC greater than 0.6, predominantly linked to endocrine and metabolic diseases. Notably, hyperplasia of the prostate exhibited the highest disease prediction ability (P value = 1.01 × 10−19, AUC = 0.874), highlighting the potential of these polygenic scores in preventive medicine and diagnosis. This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of polygenic scores performance across diverse human traits, identifying promising applications for precision medicine and personalized healthcare, thereby inspiring further research and development in this field.
Neurocomputational mechanisms involved in adaptation to fluctuating intentions of others
Authors: Philippe Rémi , Janet Rémi , Khalvati Koosha , Rao Rajesh P. N. , Lee Daeyeol , Dreher Jean-Claude
Published: April 2024

Humans frequently interact with agents whose intentions can fluctuate between competition and cooperation over time. It is unclear how the brain adapts to fluctuating intentions of others when the nature of the interactions (to cooperate or compete) is not explicitly and truthfully signaled. Here, we use model-based fMRI and a task in which participants thought they were playing with another player. In fact, they played with an algorithm that alternated without signaling between cooperative and competitive strategies. We show that a neurocomputational mechanism with arbitration between competitive and cooperative experts outperforms other learning models in predicting choice behavior. At the brain level, the fMRI results show that the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex track the difference of reliability between these experts. When attributing competitive intentions, we find increased coupling between these regions and a network that distinguishes prediction errors related to competition and cooperation. These findings provide a neurocomputational account of how the brain arbitrates dynamically between cooperative and competitive intentions when making adaptive social decisions.
Tumor phylogeography reveals block-shaped spatial heterogeneity and the mode of evolution in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Ke , Kaya Neslihan A. , Jia Zhe , Wu Dafei , Chen Tingting , Liu Zhiyuan , Zhu Sinan , Hillmer Axel M. , Wuestefeld Torsten , Liu Jin , Chan Yun Shen , Hu Zheng , Ma Liang , Jiang Li , Zhai Weiwei
Published: April 2024

Solid tumors are complex ecosystems with heterogeneous 3D structures, but the spatial intra-tumor heterogeneity (sITH) at the macroscopic (i.e., whole tumor) level is under-explored. Using a phylogeographic approach, we sequence genomes and transcriptomes from 235 spatially informed sectors across 13 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), generating one of the largest datasets for studying sITH. We find that tumor heterogeneity in HCC segregates into spatially variegated blocks with large genotypic and phenotypic differences. By dissecting the transcriptomic heterogeneity, we discover that 30% of patients had a “spatially competing distribution” (SCD), where different spatial blocks have distinct transcriptomic subtypes co-existing within a tumor, capturing the critical transition period in disease progression. Interestingly, the tumor regions with more advanced transcriptomic subtypes (e.g., higher cell cycle) often take clonal dominance with a wider geographic range, rejecting neutral evolution for SCD patients. Extending the statistical tests for detecting natural selection to many non-SCD patients reveal varying levels of selective signal across different tumors, implying that many evolutionary forces including natural selection and geographic isolation can influence the overall pattern of sITH. Taken together, tumor phylogeography unravels a dynamic landscape of sITH, pinpointing important evolutionary and clinical consequences of spatial heterogeneity in cancer.
Quantum phase synchronization via exciton-vibrational energy dissipation sustains long-lived coherence in photosynthetic antennas
Authors: Zhu Ruidan , Li Wenjun , Zhen Zhanghe , Zou Jiading , Liao Guohong , Wang Jiayu , Wang Zhuan , Chen Hailong , Qin Song , Weng Yuxiang
Published: April 2024

The lifetime of electronic coherences found in photosynthetic antennas is known to be too short to match the energy transfer time, rendering the coherent energy transfer mechanism inactive. Exciton-vibrational coherence time in excitonic dimers which consist of two chromophores coupled by excitation transfer interaction, can however be much longer. Uncovering the mechanism for sustained coherences in a noisy biological environment is challenging, requiring the use of simpler model systems as proxies. Here, via two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments, we present compelling evidence for longer exciton-vibrational coherence time in the allophycocyanin trimer, containing excitonic dimers, compared to isolated pigments. This is attributed to the quantum phase synchronization of the resonant vibrational collective modes of the dimer, where the anti-symmetric modes, coupled to excitonic states with fast dephasing, are dissipated. The decoupled symmetric counterparts are subject to slower energy dissipation. The resonant modes have a predicted nearly 50% reduction in the vibrational amplitudes, and almost zero amplitude in the corresponding dynamical Stokes shift spectrum compared to the isolated pigments. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms for protecting coherences against the noisy environment.
Frustrated Lewis pair catalyst realizes efficient green diesel production
Authors: Li De-Chang , Pan Zhengyi , Tian Zhengbin , Zhang Qian , Deng Xiaohui , Jiang Heqing , Wang Guang-Hui
Published: April 2024

Hydrotreating renewable oils over sulfided metal catalysts is commercially applied to produce green diesel, but it requires a continuous sulfur replenishment to maintain catalyst activity, which inevitably results in sulfur contamination and increases production costs. We report a robust P-doped NiAl-oxide catalyst with frustrated Lewis pairs (i.e., P atom bonded with the O atom acts as an electron donor, while the spatially separated Ni atom acts as an electron acceptor) that allows efficient green diesel production without sulfur replenishment. The catalyst runs more than 500 h at a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 28.3 h−1 without deactivation (methyl laurate as a model compound), and is able to completely convert a real feedstock of soybean oil to diesel-range hydrocarbons with selectivity >90% during 500 h of operation. This work is expected to open up a new avenue for designing non-sulfur catalysts that can make the green diesel production greener.
Dynamic interplay of microtubule and actomyosin forces drive tissue extension
Authors: Singh Amrita , Thale Sameedha , Leibner Tobias , Lamparter Lucas , Ricker Andrea , Nüsse Harald , Klingauf Jürgen , Galic Milos , Ohlberger Mario , Matis Maja
Published: April 2024

In order to shape a tissue, individual cell-based mechanical forces have to be integrated into a global force pattern. Over the last decades, the importance of actomyosin contractile arrays, which are the key constituents of various morphogenetic processes, has been established for many tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that the microtubule cytoskeleton mediates folding and elongation of the epithelial sheet duringDrosophilamorphogenesis, placing microtubule mechanicson parwith actin-based processes. While these studies establish the importance of both cytoskeletal systems during cell and tissue rearrangements, a mechanistic understanding of their functional hierarchy is currently missing. Here, we dissect the individual roles of these two key generators of mechanical forces during epithelium elongation in the developingDrosophilawing. We show that wing extension, which entails columnar-to-cuboidal cell shape remodeling in a cell-autonomous manner, is driven by anisotropic cell expansion caused by the remodeling of the microtubule cytoskeleton from apico-basal to planarly polarized. Importantly, cell and tissue elongation is not associated with Myosin activity. Instead, Myosin II exhibits a homeostatic role, as actomyosin contraction balances polarized microtubule-based forces to determine the final cell shape. Using a reductionist model, we confirm that pairing microtubule and actomyosin-based forces is sufficient to recapitulate cell elongation and the final cell shape. These results support a hierarchical mechanism whereby microtubule-based forces in some epithelial systems prime actomyosin-generated forces.
Early deficits in an in vitro striatal microcircuit model carrying the Parkinson’s GBA-N370S mutation
Authors: Do Quyen B. , Noor Humaira , Marquez-Gomez Ricardo , Cramb Kaitlyn M. L. , Ng Bryan , Abbey Ajantha , Ibarra-Aizpurua Naroa , Caiazza Maria Claudia , Sharifi Parnaz , Lang Charmaine , Beccano-Kelly Dayne , Baleriola Jimena , Bengoa-Vergniory Nora , Wade-Martins Richard
Published: April 2024

Understanding medium spiny neuron (MSN) physiology is essential to understand motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) given the architecture of the basal ganglia. Here, we developed a custom three-chambered microfluidic platform and established a cortico-striato-nigral microcircuit partially recapitulating the striatal presynaptic landscape in vitro using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. We found that, cortical glutamatergic projections facilitated MSN synaptic activity, and dopaminergic transmission enhanced maturation of MSNs in vitro. Replacement of wild-type iPSC-derived dopamine neurons (iPSC-DaNs) in the striatal microcircuit with those carrying the PD-related GBA-N370S mutation led to a depolarisation of resting membrane potential and an increase in rheobase in iPSC-MSNs, as well as a reduction in both voltage-gated sodium and potassium currents. Such deficits were resolved in late microcircuit cultures, and could be reversed in younger cultures with antagonism of protein kinase A activity in iPSC-MSNs. Taken together, our results highlight the unique utility of modelling striatal neurons in a modular physiological circuit to reveal mechanistic insights into GBA1 mutations in PD.
Blimp-1 and c-Maf regulate immune gene networks to protect against distinct pathways of pathobiont-induced colitis
Authors: Alvarez-Martinez Marisol , Cox Luke S. , Pearson Claire F. , Branchett William J. , Chakravarty Probir , Wu Xuemei , Slawinski Hubert , Al-Dibouni Alaa , Samelis Vasileios A. , Gabryšová Leona , Priestnall Simon L. , Suárez-Bonnet Alejandro , Mikolajczak Anna , Briscoe James , Powrie Fiona , O’Garra Anne
Published: April 2024

Intestinal immune responses to microbes are controlled by the cytokine IL-10 to avoid immune pathology. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing of colon lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) along with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq of purified CD4+ T cells to show that the transcription factors Blimp-1 (encoded by Prdm1) and c-Maf co-dominantly regulate Il10 while negatively regulating proinflammatory cytokines in effector T cells. Double-deficient Prdm1fl/flMaffl/flCd4Cre mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus developed severe colitis with an increase in TH1/NK/ILC1 effector genes in LPLs, while Prdm1fl/flCd4Cre and Maffl/flCd4Cre mice exhibited moderate pathology and a less-marked type 1 effector response. LPLs from infected Maffl/flCd4Cre mice had increased type 17 responses with increased Il17a and Il22 expression and an increase in granulocytes and myeloid cell numbers, resulting in increased T cell–myeloid–neutrophil interactions. Genes over-expressed in human inflammatory bowel disease showed differential expression in LPLs from infected mice in the absence of Prdm1 or Maf, revealing potential mechanisms of human disease.
A novel on high voltage gain boost converter with cuckoo search optimization based MPPTController for solar PV system
Authors: Mariprasath T. , Basha C. H. Hussaian , Khan Baseem , Ali Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Traditionally, isolated and non-isolated boost converters are used for solar photovoltaic systems (SPV). These converters have limitations such as low voltage gain, less voltage ripples, temperature dependence, high voltage stress across the switches, and being bulky in size. Besides, the solar PV system also has non-linear characteristics between I–V and P–V, and the energy yield potential is affected by partial shading phenomena. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is being added to the SPV system to get the maximum output power under steady and dynamic climate conditions. Although the conventional MPPT has drawbacks such as less accuracy in predicting the MPP under partial shading conditions, low tracking speed, and more ripples, Hence, the research proposes a stackable single switch boost converter (SSBC) with a Cuckoo search MPPT controller for the SPV system. The efficiency of the proposed circuit topology has been compared with conventional boost converters with various MPPTs. Subsequently, the accuracy of tracking true MPPT by CSO is compared with that of PSO and FPNA. The results show, that the CMPPT with CBC has produced more ripples, whereas the BMPPT with SSBC produces ripple-free power under steady conditions. It is also observed that SSBC with BMPPT produces more power than SSBC with TMPPT. The efficiency of SSBC with BMPPT is better than other combinations. Finally, a prototype model has been developed and verified.
Population structure and identification of genomic regions associated with productive traits in five Italian beef cattle breeds
Authors: Colombi Daniele , Rovelli Giacomo , Luigi-Sierra Maria Gracia , Ceccobelli Simone , Guan Dailu , Perini Francesco , Sbarra Fiorella , Quaglia Andrea , Sarti Francesca Maria , Pasquini Marina , Amills Marcel , Lasagna Emiliano
Published: April 2024

Italy has a long history in beef production, with local breeds such as Marchigiana, Chianina, Romagnola, Maremmana, and Podolica which produce high-quality meat. Selection has improved meat production, precocity, growth ability and muscle development, but the genetic determinism of such traits is mostly unknown. Using 33K SNPs-data from young bulls (N = 4064) belonging to these five Italian breeds, we demonstrated that the Maremmana and Podolica rustic breeds are closely related, while the specialised Marchigiana, Chianina, and Romagnola breeds are more differentiated. A genome-wide association study for growth and muscle development traits (average daily gain during the performance test, weight at 1 year old, muscularity) was conducted in the five Italian breeds. Results indicated a region on chromosome 2, containing the myostatin gene (MSTN), which displayed significant genome-wide associations with muscularity in Marchigiana cattle, a breed in which the muscle hypertrophy phenotype is segregating. Moreover, a significant SNP on chromosome 14 was associated, in the Chianina breed, to muscularity. The identification of diverse genomic regions associated with conformation traits might increase our knowledge about the genomic basis of such traits in Italian beef cattle and, eventually, such information could be used to implement marker-assisted selection of young bulls tested in the performance test.
Molecular identification of Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio species leading to CRISPR-Cas9 modification of tcpA and UreC genes causing cholera and UTI
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Tahir Fatima , Aziz Tariq , Waseem Muhammad , Makhdoom Syeda Izma , Ali Nouman , Alharbi Metab , Albekairi Thamer H. , Alasmari Abdullah F.
Published: April 2024

Heavy metal accumulation increases rapidly in the environment due to anthropogenic activities and industrialization. The leather and surgical industry produces many contaminants containing heavy metals. Cadmium, a prominent contaminant, is linked to severe health risks, notably kidney and liver damage, especially among individuals exposed to contaminated wastewater. This study aims to leverage the natural cadmium resistance mechanisms in bacteria for bioaccumulation purposes. The industrial wastewater samples, characterized by an alarming cadmium concentration of 29.6 ppm, 52 ppm, and 76.4 ppm—far exceeding the recommended limit of 0.003 ppm—were subjected to screening for cadmium-resistant bacteria using cadmium-supplemented media with CdCl2. 16S rRNA characterization identified Vibrio cholerae and Proteus mirabilis as cadmium-resistant bacteria in the collected samples. Subsequently, the cadmium resistance-associated cadA gene was successfully amplified in Vibrio species and Proteus mirabilis, revealing a product size of 623 bp. Further analysis of the identified bacteria included the examination of virulent genes, specifically the tcpA gene (472 bp) associated with cholera and the UreC gene (317 bp) linked to urinary tract infections. To enhance the bioaccumulation of cadmium, the study proposes the potential suppression of virulent gene expression through in-silico gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9. A total of 27 gRNAs were generated for UreC, with five selected for expression. Similarly, 42 gRNA sequences were generated for tcpA, with eight chosen for expression analysis. The selected gRNAs were integrated into the lentiCRISPR v2 expression vector. This strategic approach aims to facilitate precise gene editing of disease-causing genes (tcpA and UreC) within the bacterial genome. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential utility of Vibrio species and Proteus mirabilis as effective candidates for the removal of cadmium from industrial wastewater, offering insights for future environmental remediation strategies.
Electronic and elastic properties of metastable Zr3N4: a joint experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Liu Yuhe , Wang Kunlun , Ge Nina , Sun Hui , Dai Bo , Wang Yong
Published: April 2024

The electronic structures and elastic properties of metastable Zr3N4 phases have been investigated using the first-principles calculations with the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functional, in comparison with those of the stable ZrN phase.
Solvent-free synthesis and chiroptical properties of a C–N axially chiral cruciform dimer of benzo[b]phenoxazine
Authors: Ishikawa Shuhei , Sakamaki Daisuke , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Fujiwara Hideki
Published: April 2024

A novel C–N axially chiral molecule composed of two tert-butyl-substituted benzo[b]phenoxazine (BPO) was synthesized via completely solvent-free reactions.
Furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass: one-step and two-step strategies and techno-economic evaluation
Authors: Bao Yuqi , Du Zicheng , Liu Xiaoying , Liu Hui , Tang Jinsong , Qin Chengrong , Liang Chen , Huang Caoxing , Yao Shuangquan
Published: April 2024

The conversion of lignocellulose biomass to furfural can be performed using one-step and two-step strategies. A techno-economic analysis plays a crucial role in evaluating the overall economic feasibility of industrial-scale furfural production.
Discovery of selective monosaccharide receptors via dynamic combinatorial chemistry
Authors: Alena-Rodriguez Miguel , Fernandez-Villamarin Marcos , Alfonso Ignacio , Mendes Paula M.
Published: April 2024

An effective workflow to discover selective saccharide receptors by combining dynamic combinatorial chemistry with isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR.
Correction: Recent progress of core-substituted naphthalenediimides: highlights from 2010
Authors: Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhargava Suresh K.
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Recent progress of core-substituted naphthalenediimides: highlights from 2010’ by Sheshanath V. Bhosale et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2012, 10, 6455–6468, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2OB25798J.
Partial information target defense game in the presence of a line segment obstacle
Authors: Xu Jingwen , He Qiyong , Meng Min , Li Xiuxian , Yan Jiaqi
Published: April 2024

A two‐player planar target defense game where the intruder attempts to breach the circular region guarded by the defender in the presence of a fixed line segment obstacle is addressed. Based on prior research, the entire game was divided into three phases to address the partial information problem. Additionally, the impact of obstacles on the game outcome is thoroughly analyzed. In contrast to the scenario without obstacles, this paper presents redesigned strategies for both defender and intruder, accompanied by quantitative results illustrating the influence on the winning probability. Finally, illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effect of the obstacle.
Multi-criteria evaluation of reference terms requirements for development work performance
Authors: Ulanov D.V.
Published: April 2024

The specifics of carrying out research and development work (R&D), dictated by the requirements of legislation and standardization documents, impose a number of increased requirements on a potential contractor. The head of the organization, considering the possibility of performing R&D, makes a decision by analyzing the requirements of the terms of reference, the resources available to the organization and possible limitations. The article presents an approach to the formation of methodological support for assessing the possibility of implementing the requirements of the technical assignment for R&D within the time limits set by the contract, taking into account the resources available to the potential contractor and the level of qualification of personnel. To calculate the criteria, a modification of the PERT model is given and algorithms for analyzing the relevance of texts based on cosine similarity are applied. The proposed methodological apparatus can be used to create a model of a problem-oriented decision support system in preparation for R&D.
Forming of a new “low-carbon” model of ecological development
Authors: Mottaeva Angela , Khussainova Zhibek
Published: April 2024

The evolution of the development of the “low-carbon” economy concept, its concept as a new model of the economic development and ecological regulation is considered in this article. The scientific research allowing to open the main mechanisms and methods as well as to classify the indicators of resource and energy efficiency and to reveal the key factors of forming of “low-carbon” economy is studied. The relevant trends of “low-carbon” economy are systematized. The relevance of the article is in the fact that the development of “low-carbon” economy in the conditions of serious transformations of power industry and the whole economy, is the main lever of gradual transition to the ecological civilization, providing interaction and coordination of economic, social and ecological aspects. According to the results of the conducted research the conclusions which can help with forming of the programmes of economic development, projects of optimization of resource-and energy efficiency, actions for elimination of negative influences on the ecological sphere, are created.
Self-repair of magnetically active composite sample in extreme compression test
Authors: Minaev Andrey
Published: April 2024

A sample of a magnetically active composite with ferromagnetic fillers is studied. It is known that magnetoactive composites are of interest for use in a number of fields of science and technology. The characteristics of changes in the properties of magnetoactive composites with ferromagnetic fillers in compression tests under repeated loading are poorly studied. The study in different, wide force modes of compression to establish the conditions of self-restoration of the material shape is of practical and scientific interest for further use of the tested material. The machine on which the tests are carried out allows loading and studying the character of the sample behavior from small to extreme compression forces. The possibility of preserving the shape memory effect of the test material after a long period between the first and repeated test and under the condition of exceeding the compression force of the sample almost three times compared to the first test is determined. The dependence of the change in the magnitudes of the sample deformations on the compression load is determined. The ranges of non-linear character of variation of the sample deformations from the compression force starting practically from 60% of the value of its initial deformation are shown. The sample tested under extreme compression of up to 30 kN, as well as in the initial test, demonstrated self-recovery (shape memory effect). Thus, the effect of reversible deformation after extreme loads, which exceeded the initial ones by 3 times, was confirmed.
Dynamics of the warp beam brake drive on a weaving loom for the production of natural silk fabrics
Authors: Rakhimhodjaev Saidvoris , Tashpulatov Salikh , Sobirova Gulfiya , Rajapova Marguba , Tyurin Igor
Published: April 2024

In the process of producing silk fabrics, by the fact of the high elastic properties of the threads large relaxation oscillations occur in the weaving system of the loom. Therefore, it is advisable to equip looms for the production of silk fabrics with brake regulators, and the rest of the range of fabrics with main regulators. On the basis of a mechanical model of relaxation oscillations and the scheme of a braking regulator for this model the regularities of friction force change depending on the duration of immovable contact and spring tension in time are obtained. The friction force for long contact time, zero contact time and contact time are determined. The mode against rotation of a driving disk causes stability of braking in a frictional pair.
General issues of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of aircraft on-board equipment
Authors: Volkova Tatiana , Ou Jing
Published: April 2024

The article examines the effect of electromagnetic interference on the electrical components of the aircraft from the point of view of external and internal electromagnetic environments. The external electromagnetic environment consists of high-intensity radiated fields and lightning strikes. Internal threats can be divided into four types: intersystem, intra-system, induced radiated fields of high intensity and internal transients during a lightning strike. On the basis of the considered impact, the article defines the directions of development in the field of providing electromagnetic compatibility for an all-electric aircraft.
To analyze the efficiency of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives on a hilly section of the railway
Authors: Ablyalimov O.
Published: April 2024

A numerical method for solving the differential equation of train motion and an algorithm for graphic-analytical calculation of its trajectory movement for railway sections of different complexity, which were implemented on a virtual hilly section of the railway track, are proposed. The numerical values of the speed and travel times of a freight train along the route of the rolling stock are substantiated, taking into account the time for acceleration and deceleration when stopping at the intermediate and final stations of the railway section under study, which were obtained in the form of tabular data. The parameters of the fuel and energy indicators of the transportation work of UzTE16M3 series diesel locomotives in quantitative and monetary terms were obtained when they drove freight trains with a maximum train weight. The research results are recommended and will be useful to specialists of the locomotive complex of railways with a hilly type of track profile.
Peculiarities of particle splicing at interlayer boundaries of hot-formed powder materials
Authors: Goncharova Tatyana
Published: April 2024

Modern production of machine-building parts and building structures is directly related to the production of high-quality hot-formed powder materials. Powder metallurgy as a modern innovative technology, creating materials with unique physical properties, has such a significant advantage as environmental safety. The absence of aggressive and environmentally hazardous components in the technology makes the process of manufacturing powder steels harmless to the environment. The present scientific study deals with the given microstructures of hot-pressure treated powder materials. Residual porosity, which significantly affects the functional properties (mechanical and physical), is considered to be a fundamental factor influencing the areas of powder steel use. The mechanism of mutual diffusion of the introduced components and peculiarities of modeling the structure of powder blanks under conditions of sintering and subsequent deformation were studied. The influence of initial powder particle size on the formation of powder alloys structure under the characteristic features of homogenization under sintering conditions was analyzed. The conducted works allow to study the character of influence of technological parameters in the process of processing on the quality of powder materials splicing, formation of features of their structure and functional properties and qualities. The structure of almost porosity-free steel obtained during the tests of hot-pressure treatment is characterized by complete coverage of the entire number of particles by plastic deformation, which indicates its homogeneity, inherent in the initial particle size distribution of iron powder. The conducted scientific studies of physical processes during hot pressure deformation prove the decisive influence of the choice of technological parameters on improving the quality of splicing, as well as on the formation of microstructure and properties of powder steels.
Harmonic analysis of the torque of autotractor engines by speed and load modes of operation
Authors: Khaliullin Farit , Yakhin Sergey , Yakovlev Roman , Nurmiev Azat , Medvedev Vladimir , Khaliullin Airat
Published: April 2024

When assessing the cause of torsional vibrations on the crankshaft of tractor engines, forced vibrations are taken into account, which are provoked by torques arising from each cylinder and transmitted to the connecting rod necks, taking into account the order of operation of the cylinders. Researchers have only calculated or experimental values of the torque for different angular positions of the crankshaft with a certain sampling step. The algorithm for solving the torsional vibration problem involves the decomposition of discrete values of the torque of one cylinder into a harmonic series in order to determine its amplitudes and phase shifts. The adequacy of the resulting decomposition is determined by the number of harmonics taken into account and, as a rule, includes 10-12 harmonics. At the same time, it is necessary to perform such decompositions for each speed and load mode, which increases the amount of calculations. An algorithm is proposed that considers these modes separately, and depending on the values of the gas and inertial forces, allows using the characteristics of the nominal operating mode and the decomposition with a smaller number of terms. In this case, the results of the expansions have a satisfactory convergence. The proposed method for determining the parameters of motor harmonics of exciting moments under changing speed and load modes of the internal combustion engine, can be useful in the design of new and fine-tuning dampers of torsional vibrations of crankshafts.
Motor vehicles emissions as an example of technogenic hazard on urbanized areas
Authors: Kalsin Nikita , Valeev Nikita , Rezvanova Irina , Sultanova Dilara
Published: April 2024

Road transport is a necessary part of the urbanized area. However, at the same time it represents a technogenic hazard. In the process of movement, as well as at each stage of the life cycle, motor vehicles pollute air, water and soil. There are also possible road accidents involving cars, accompanied by explosion, fire or fuel spill. This paper calculates the amount of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles at crossroads in the Ufa city based on experimental data. Three most problematic crossroads of the city are analyzed: two in the center and one in the industrial part. For reducing the amount of emissions, proposed to construct an underground tunnel at the first crossroad and underpasses at the other two crossroads. As a result of solutions implementation amount of pollutant emissions at crossroad No 1 can be reduced by 13.4%, at crossroad No 2 by 3.4%, at crossroad No 3 by 4.2%.
Modern challenges to logistics in SMEs in Bulgaria and the EU
Authors: Demirova Siyka , Dimitrakieva Svetlana , Mehmedov Mehmed
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to the modern challenges of logistics in SMEs in Bulgaria and the EU. In modern conditions, dynamic market realities impose new requirements on business entities. As the basis of the market economy, small and medium-sized enterprises must monitor technical and technological changes and organize their activities in such a way as to be competitive. The analysis and evaluation of logistics activities in business organizations is of great importance in view of their efficiency and competitiveness. on this basis, the state of the organization is analyzed and strategies for future development are drawn up. Like any other activity, logistics is associated with a number of problems that complicate its activity. This predetermines the purpose of the article, namely to examine and evaluate the process of logistics management in SMEs, to determine the potential of modern logistics processes of these business entities, to take preventive measures in order to solve set tasks and to assess the degree of influence of their activity on the economic situation.
The 5G revolution transforming connectivity and powering innovations
Authors: Nuriev Marat , Kalyashina Anna , Smirnov Yuri , Gumerova Guzel , Gadzhieva Gulaybat
Published: April 2024

This article delves into the transformative world of 5G technology, elucidating its foundational principles, technological advancements, and the global momentum behind its deployment. With an emphasis on the revolutionary capabilities of 5G, from unprecedented speeds and ultra-low latency to enhanced network efficiency, the article explores the myriad ways in which this next-generation technology is reshaping telecommunications and catalyzing innovations across diverse sectors such as autonomous transportation, smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation. Highlighting case studies from pioneering regions like South Korea and China, the article showcases the real-world implementations and tangible benefits of 5G, underscoring its role in driving technological advancements and improving user experiences. Furthermore, insights from research projects like 5G-MoNArch and 5G-PICTURE provide a deeper understanding of 5G’s potential to revolutionize multimedia and entertainment, along with critical communication systems. The article also addresses the challenges and considerations inherent in the widespread adoption of 5G, including infrastructure upgrades, coverage expansion, security concerns, and the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks. Through an examination of these challenges, it emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, policymakers, and the international community to navigate the complexities of 5G deployment successfully. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, the article posits 5G as a pivotal driver of future innovations, highlighting its potential to not only enhance connectivity but also to fundamentally alter the economic, industrial, and societal landscapes.
Arctic waters: port Sabetta development
Authors: Zhilenkov Alexander , Zhilinkova Irina , Kirillova Diana , Zotov Dmitry , Chernov Petr
Published: April 2024

Port Sabetta, located in the Russian Arctic along the Northern Sea Route, epitomizes the intersection of geopolitical interests, economic imperatives, and environmental challenges in the Arctic region. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of Port Sabetta's development, focusing on its environmental impact, socio-economic implications, and comparative analysis with other Arctic and non-Arctic ports. The geopolitical context and economic significance of Port Sabetta are explored, highlighting its strategic importance in Russia's Arctic strategy and global energy dynamics. An environmental impact assessment reveals the ecological risks associated with port construction, maritime operations, and industrial activities, emphasizing the need for proactive mitigation measures and regulatory oversight. The socio-economic implications of Port Sabetta's development are examined, including its effects on local communities, regional economies, and indigenous livelihoods. Case studies and comparative analysis of Arctic and non-Arctic ports provide insights into best practices and lessons learned for sustainable port development. The sustainable development of Port Sabetta requires a holistic approach that balances economic growth with environmental protection, social equity, and geopolitical stability.
Digital transformation of maritime cargo shipping in international business
Authors: Al-Hargusi Saif N.M. , Al-Zaidi Sojar Ali Kamel , Boeva Ksenia , Dem’yanova Elena , Shevchenko Dmitry
Published: April 2024

The present stage of progress of economy is marked by digital transformation of various branches and introduction of new technologies to improve the efficiency of functioning of various participants of the global market. This transition poses new goals and new challenges for companies. The below article explores the benefits of shipping companies moving into the digital economy. New digital technologies should improve and optimize various business-processes of the company. Also digital technologies deduce the companies on a new technological level that will allow them to expand the supply market and will increase the number of partners who will be assured of safety of a transported cargo.
The fluidic molecular trajectory and the Nano-droplet production ability
Authors: Nguyen Van Quang , Nguyen Van Thien , Hoang Tien Dung , Hue Pham Thi Minh , Tam Nguyen Chi , Thanh Le Thi Phuong , Giang Ta Thi Tra
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the liquid Nano-droplet production ability using molecular dynamics simulation methodology. The research parameter is performed at the temperature of 310 Kelvin (K), the pressing force of 10.0 × 10−10 Newton (N) and the ejective hole diameters of 25 and 40 Angstrom (Å). The research result shows that liquid Nano-droplets finally were not produced for the ejective diameter of 25 Å. The Nano-jets were not only non-destruction from nozzle’s surface to produce the droplets but also movement downward to come back the nozzle’s surface. The molecular trajectory is very zigzag and curved both inside and outside the ejective container. In the contrary, when increasing the ejective diameter to 40 Å, the liquid Nano-droplet was produced in the same the ejective time and compressible force magnitude. The molecular trajectory is quite straight after ejecting out the outside of the container. Meanwhile, for the nozzle diameter size of 40 Å, the Nano-droplet was not only production but also movement up to leave away the nozzle’s surface under same above conditions. That proves that the ejective diameter has the influences to the moveable direction and Nano-droplets formation ability in the whole ejective process.
Le Jeu Nutricartes® : Freins et leviers au développement de compétences psychosociales et au changement des pratiques alimentaires chez des personnes vivant avec le VIH originaires d’Afrique sub-saharienne
Authors: Nakach Sandrine , Constant Anne-Valérie , Bourovali-Zade Chloé , Cailhol Johann
Published: April 2024

Introduction :Le parcours de soins des personnes d’origine étrangère atteintes de maladies chroniques est complexe. L’utilisation d’un jeu éducatif peut s’avérer bénéfique pour améliorer la qualité de vie et adapter les habitudes de ces usagers.Objectifs de l’étude :Réalisé à partir d’une étude de faisabilité en 2020, notre travail vise à évaluer la qualité de la méthode Nutricartes® dans le parcours des personnes migrantes vivant avec le virus du Sida (PMVVIH) originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne résidant en Seine Saint Denis et plus particulièrement l’impact du jeu dans le développement des compétences psychosociales (CPS) et sur le changement des pratiques alimentaires.Méthode :Notre étude a été réalisée lors de 5 séances de jeu en groupe fermé de 10 personnes. Deux questionnaires auto-administrés, l’un sur les CPS et l’autre sur les habitudes alimentaires, ont été analysés.Résultats :Notre étude montre des modifications du comportement alimentaire par un meilleur choix des aliments. Le jeu favorise également la confiance en soi par une plus forte aptitude à prendre la parole et contribue donc à améliorer les CPS.Discussion et conclusion :De par ses qualités pédagogiques la méthode Nutricartes® peut contribuer à développer la capacité d’agir en santé et améliorer la qualité de vie des PMVVIH. Le projet pourrait être pérennisé en formant des ambassadeurs Nutricartes® au sein des PMVVIH et en intégrant le jeu dans le parcours de soins au moment le plus opportun.
Lebenskunst als Einheit der Gesundheits-, Krankheits-, Beistands- und
Sterbekunst im sozialkulturellen Kontext
Authors: Engelhardt Dietrich v.
Published: April 2024

Lebenskunst wurde seit der Antike immer wieder mit der Kunst des Gesundseins, des
Krankseins, des Beistands und des Sterbens verbunden, die heute meist
auseinanderfallen. Kunst und Literatur, Medizin und Wissenschaften wie ebenfalls
die Realität bieten zahlreiche und auch für die Gegenwart stimulierende
Beispiele. Darstellungen und Deutungen der Vergangenheit können der
Humanisierung der Wirklichkeit im individuellen und sozialen Leben wie ebenso
der Humanmedizin in der Therapie und Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung dienen. Antike,
Mittelalter und Neuzeit setzen jeweils spezifische Akzente, erinnern aber
zugleich an überzeitliche Dimensionen.
Restless-Legs-Syndrom im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Mollin Julian , Klug Lisa , Joost Theresa , Beyer Ute , Mayer Frank , Erler Thomas
Published: April 2024

Das Restless-Legs-Syndrom (RLS) ist eine häufige schlafbezogene Bewegungsstörung, gekennzeichnet durch einen Drang zu Beinbewegungen verursacht durch Missempfindungen. Symptome treten vorwiegend abends oder nachts auf und bessern sich durch Bewegung. Im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist das RLS unterdiagnostiziert, sodass es zu einer verzögerten, angemessenen Behandlung und einem erschwerten Zugang zu spezialisierter Versorgung kommt. Die Folge sind Tagesmüdigkeit und schlechte schulische Leistungen. Die Diagnose erfordert das Erfüllen der Kriterien der Internationalen Restless Legs Syndrom Study Group (IRLSSG) unter Berücksichtigung einer alters- und entwicklungsabhängigen Symptombeschreibung. Verschiedene Diagnoseinstrumente (Fragebögen, Laboruntersuchungen, Polysomnografie) unterstützen die Diagnosefindung und das Abgrenzen von Differenzialdiagnosen. Die Therapie umfasst nicht-medikamentöse Ansätze wie Schlafhygiene und Bewegung sowie off-label Eisensubstitution. Die Therapieentscheidung sollte unter Berücksichtigung von Symptomen und Leidensdruck individuell getroffen werden.
Transparenz: Mit Controlling Entscheidungsgrundlagen schaffen
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: April 2024

Strategisches Controlling ist heute so wichtig wie selten zuvor: Deutschlands Krankenhäuser kämpfen mit extrem schwierigen wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen. Politisch verlangen Reformen in der Krankenhausfinanzierung ein Umdenken in den Planungsstäben des Managements. Dafür müssen Daten erhoben und interpretiert werden. Controller müssen die Konsequenzen politischer Weichenstellungen kalkulieren, bewerten und Empfehlungen abgeben. Sie müssen Szenarien rechnen und die Auswirkungen von Veränderungen simulieren.
Aktuelles zur Beschaffung von Medizinprodukten: Medizintechnik-Standort Deutschland stärken
Authors: Möll Marc-Pierre
Published: April 2024

Lieferengpässe bei Arzneimitteln und Medizinprodukten sind seit der Corona-Pandemie und den Auswirkungen des russischen Angriffskrieges auf die Ukraine ein großes Thema. Die Ursache neben den durch die Krisen gestörten Lieferketten: In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde ein großer Teil der Produktion nach Asien verlagert. Zudem droht Europa als Forschungsstandort zurückzufallen. Auslöser ist die EU-Medizinprodukte-Verordnung, kurz MDR.
Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen: Künstliche Intelligenz in der Krankenhaus-Transportdisposition
Authors: Bredehorn Thomas , Kerkenhoff Tim
Published: April 2024

Mithilfe maschinellen Lernens und der Integration von KI in Optimierungsalgorithmen konnte die Transportdisposition besonders im Bereich der Leerwegminimierung, der Auftragspünktlichkeit und dem Auslastungsgrad der Transporte verbessert werden. Dabei spielte insbesondere die Vorhersage zu Notfall- und Nicht-Notfallaufträgen eine wichtige Rolle.
Prozessunterstützung: Implementierung von Sterilgut ins Transportleitsystem
Authors: Kazianschütz Michael , Johow Lars , Härtel Marion
Published: April 2024

Mithilfe von Barcodes ist es dem Landeskrankenhaus Universitätsklinikum Graz gelungen das Transportleitsystem zu verbessern. Mittlerweile wird der gesamte Transportprozess der Zustellung durch das Transportleitsystem unterstützt.
Sachkosten-Steuerung: Die Wirtschaftlichkeit im Blick behalten
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: April 2024

Dr. Thorsten Kollmar, Geschäftsführer bei WMCS Healthcare Consulting GmbH, erklärt im Klinik Einkauf-Interview, wie ein Team von Experten aus Einkauf, Apotheke, Medizin-Controlling und Leistungserbringern gemeinsam mit der Geschäftsführung das Verhältnis von Kosten und Erlös der Kliniken prüfen und damit die Wirtschaftlichkeit im Bereich der Sachkosten erhöhen kann.
Kurzfristige Liquiditätsplanung: Frühwarnsystem verringert Haftungsrisiken
Authors: Waldecker Marcel , Schürmann-Schütte Claudia
Published: April 2024

Um frühzeitig eine drohende Klinikinsolvenz zu erkennen, sollten Krankenhausmanager ein Frühwarnsystem etablieren. Spätestens, wenn die Wirtschaftsplanung eine Liquiditätslücke in der Zukunft erwarten lässt, wird eine kurzfristige Liquiditätsplanung dringend notwendig.