bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Scalable and Accurate Job Recommendation System with Distributed Cluster System using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Dicky Timothy , Erwin Alva , Ipung Heru Purnomo
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to develop a job recommender system based on the Hadoop MapReduce framework to achieve scalability of the system when it processes big data. Also, a machine learning algorithm is implemented inside the job recommender to produce an accurate job recommendation. The project begins by collecting sample data to build an accurate job recommender system with a centralized program architecture. Then a job recommender with a distributed system program architecture is implemented using Hadoop MapReduce which then deployed to a Hadoop cluster. After the implementation, both systems are tested using a large number of applicants and job data, with the time required for the program to compute the data is recorded to be analyzed. Based on the experiments, we conclude that the recommender produces the most accurate result when the cosine similarity measure is used inside the algorithm. Also, the centralized job recommender system is able to process the data faster compared to the distributed cluster job recommender system. But as the size of the data grows, the centralized system eventually will lack the capacity to process the data, while the distributed cluster job recommender is able to scale according to the size of the data.
White clover seed production without irrigation
Authors: Wright N.Q.
Published: March 2021

The key to large-scale white clover seed production in this environment is (1) the use of herbicides for grass and weed control; (2) the use of defoliants at harvest; (3) a crop programme which enables the harvest to be spread over a longer period, thus giving time in the crucial hottest part of the summer to harvest the bulk of the clover. Keywords: Trifoliun repens, seed production, dryland farming.
Training seed technologists
Authors: Hii M.
Published: March 2021

The Seed Technology Centre at Massey University was established in 1976, An outline of the courses offered and personnel trained during the first 4 years of its operation is given. The success of the Centre in providing training for both technicians and post-graduate students from overseas, and the role of Massey University in the training of researchers and servicing personnel in the New Zealand seed industry are also discussed. Key words: Seed technologists, training, Massey University.
The place of amenity grass seed production.
Authors: Robinson G.S.
Published: March 2021

In recent years the supply of seed of local types of fine turf grasses has decreased. This has resulted in the need for the importation of overseas cultivars of browntop, creeping bent grass and red fescue. These have generally proved to be very effective in producing high-quality turf. The coarser types of turf used in sportsfields for football and cricket are ideally ryegrass-dominant. Fine-leaved perennial ryegrasses have been developed overseas. and experimental plantings of these in New Zealand look very promising. Keywords: Amenity grass, New Zealand, Agrostis tenuis Lolium perenne, Agrostis palustris, Festuca rubra.
Pests in herbage seed production
Authors: Troucht T.E.T.
Published: March 2021

A number of insect pests affecting seed production of leguminous and graminaceous crops used for grazing or fodder conservation are described. Where known, the damage threshold levels and control measures are given. Key words: Herbage seed production, pests, Coleophorcl spp., Acyrthosiphon kondoi, A. pisum, Hyperodes bonnriensis
Using principles of landscape design in farm planting
Authors: Mackay Marion
Published: March 2021

Farm planting can be improved visually by using principles of landscape design to organise both site layout and planting. Principles of site layout include unity, patterning, and manipulation of mass and space, views, focal points and circulation. Planting design should make best use of the visual characters of plants namely line, form, colour and texture. Individual areas of planting are organised using principles of planting composition, while over the whole site principles of balance and sequential development are used. Planting should make best use of interesting plant species and seasonal effects.
Willow coppice and browse blocks: establishment and management
Authors: Douglas G.B. , Barry T.N. , Faulknor N.A. , Kemp P.D. , Foote A.G. , Cameron P.N. , Pitta D.W.
Published: March 2021

Tree willow (Salix matsudana x alba) clone 'Tangoio' has potential as supplementary feed for livestock in summer/autumn drought. A trial was conducted in Hawke's Bay to determine the effect of planting stock (1.1 m stakes, 2 m poles) and cutting height (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) on edible (leaf + stem < 5 mm diameter) and total tree biomass in 2002 and 2003. Tangoio was also established progressively in high density (4,000-6,900 stems/ha) browse fodder blocks in Wairarapa using 0.75 m stakes, and the trees were browsed with sheep in summer 2003, when the blocks were aged 1-3 years. Total tree yield in all trials ranged from 0.12 to 2.29 t DM/ha/ yr, of which 30-50% was edible. Trees cut to 0.5 m above ground often yielded more (P < 0.05) than those cut at 0.25 m. Tangoio established well in the browse blocks but its biomass was < 20% of that of the understorey pasture. Best management techniques for coppice and browse blocks are recommended. Keywords: willow; supplementary feed; soil conservation; defoliation; tree-pasture systems
Persistence: the key to legume performance in summer-dry hill country
Authors: Dodd M.B. , Sheath G.W.
Published: March 2021

In North Island hill country, a number of environmental and management factors interact to limit the performance of herbaceous legumes in pasture swards. Summer-autumn moisture stress appears to be the dominant influence, particularly because of its irregularity. Legume performance is a function of establishment success, persistence and productivity. Long-term persistence of genotypes in particular should be a primary focus in the development of new germplasm. Secondary to this is the importance of improving herbage productivity and quality. We present evidence for this view from field studies of white and subterranean clover, as well as preliminary examinations of other legume species. Key characteristics contributing to enhanced persistence are prostrate growth forms with high numbers of growing points below the grazing horizon; nodal rooting and root tolerance of low soil pH; flowering patterns that are timed to avoid the dry period, yet sufficiently flexible to cope with the unpredictability of that period; and seed mechanisms that protect against "false strike" following shortlived summer rains. Key words: clover, hill country, legumes, persistence, summer-dry
White clover: loss in drought and subsequent recovery
Authors: Knowles I.M. , Fraser T.J. , Daly M.J.
Published: March 2021

There are limitations to the production and persistence of white clover in drought prone regions. We report on the population dynamics of white clover during the summer/autumn drought of 2000. Seventeen paddocks were selected from Marlborough, Mid Canterbury, South Canterbury and North Otago on the east coast of the South Island, and Wairarapa in the North Island. The pastures were sown in 1998/99 and are comprised of ryegrass, tall fescue, cocksfoot or combinations of these as the grass base, with white clover included in the mix. White clover populations were monitored pre- and post-drought using tiller cores. The percentage of each region's long-term mean rainfall received during the 6-month "drought period" had the largest influence on the presence of white clover in these pastures. Marlborough, with only 73 mm of rainfall during November 2000-April 2001 (23% of its expected rainfall) suffered a 95% reduction in white clover. Mid Canterbury, South Canterbury and North Otago, at 53-61% of expected rainfall had a 40-78% loss. In contrast, Wairarapa, with 303 mm of rainfall, lost only 8%. The rate of recovery was closely related to the magnitude of white clover loss during drought. In regions where large losses occurred, further sampling after 18 months showed little increase in white clover presence. Key words: drought, persistence, populations, seedling, Trifolium repens, white clover
Sheep production and agronomic performance of Lotus corniculatus under dryland farming
Authors: Barry T.N. , Kemp P.D. , Ramirez-Restrepo C.A. , Lopezvillalobos N.
Published: March 2021

Lotus corniculatus (lotus) contains condensed tannins (CT; 25-35 g/kg DM), which reduce the microbial degradation of forage protein in the rumen and increase amino acid absorption from the small intestine. In grazing experiments at Palmerston North during the 1990s, sheep grazing L. corniculatus had superior wool production, body growth and ovulation rates (OR) relative to sheep grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Tritolium repens) pasture. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) drenching studies showed that action of CT was responsible for a component of the increases in wool growth and OR, but not body growth, and increased milk yield in lactating ewes. The 'Massey lotus' programme moved in 2000 to Riverside farm in the Wairarapa, where L. corniculatus is more agronomically suited, and its integration into dryland farming systems is being studied. We aim to develop systems that increase animal productivity whilst also reducing chemical input, notably of anthelmintic drenches. In two experiments conducted over 12 weeks in spring, ewes and lambs grazing L. corniculatus without pre-lamb drenching had lower faecal egg counts (FEC) and lower dag scores than ewes and lambs grazing pasture. Also, liveweight gain (+44%), weaning weight (+26%) and wool production (+32%) were greater for lambs grazing lotus. Weaned lambs grazing L. corniculatus over 14 weeks in summer grew faster than those grazing pasture (298 cf. 201 g/day) when regularly drenched. Reduction of anthelmintic drenching reduced the growth rates of lambs grazing L. corniculatus, but at 228 g/day this was still much faster than those grazing pasture (187 g/day). Lambs grazing L. corniculatus with restricted anthelmintic grew slightly faster than regularly drenched lambs grazing pasture. In addition, ewes mated on L. corniculatus had greater ovulation rates, lambing % and weaning % (approximately 25%) than ewes mated on pasture. Lamb weaning weight was unaffected by the ewes grazing L. corniculatus during mating, but mortality rate during the period from birth to weaning was lower for lambs that were conceived when their dams were grazing lotus. Annual (dry matter) production under grazing averaged over two years (2000-2001), was 9.5 t/ha for L. corniculatus and 8.6 t/ha for pasture. The percentages of annual production that occurred in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 49, 40, 8 and 4%, respectively, for L. corniculatus and 55, 30, 9 and 6%, respectively, for pasture. L. corniculatus has potential as a specialist feed in dryland farming systems for use during mating to increase subsequent lambing percentage and to increase lamb growth while reducing anthelmintic use. The result is more lambs being drafted at an earlier age. Key words: agronomy, body growth, condensed tannins, dry matter yield, Lotus corniculatus, reproduction, sheep, withdrawing anthelmintic, wool growth
Cereal forage breeding for New Zealand agriculture
Authors: Hanson Ross , Armstrong Keith , De Ruiter John , Hay Andy , Milne Gavin
Published: March 2021

Cereal forages provide both arable and livestock farmers with high yields of high quality dry matter to use as either standing or conserved strategic forage supplements where deficits occur when animal feed requirements exceed pasture growth. Crop & Food Research has breeding programmes for both single and multigrazing forage oats and triticales, and both green-chop and whole-crop silage forage oats, triticales and barleys. It also has an associated cereal forage management research and tech-transfer programme to ensure cereal forages achieve their potential under New Zealand's variable soil and climatic conditions. This has led to the development of new cereal forage cultivars, an increased understanding of their dry matter and quality development, and management support packages including a cereal silage booklet and maturity predictor for whole-crop cereal silage
White clover vegetative persistence under pressure: sharpening New Zealand's competitive edge
Authors: Gerard P.J. , Mercer C.F. , Barrett B.A.
Published: March 2021

White clover is relied upon as a cornerstone of the international competiveness of New Zealand's pastoral sector, despite its vegetative persistence and yield being constrained by pests and diseases. The species' vulnerability has been highlighted by the clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) incursion, and the impact of increased residual pest and pathogen loadings under minimum tillage techniques. Plant breeding with a focus on plant health has made improvements in white clover performance, and there is scope to develop varieties that ensure a more resilient legume component in pastures. An exemplar outcome from this approach is improved vegetative persistence and dry matter yield under nematode and clover root weevil pressure, as shown in field trials of elite breeding material. An enhanced, unified plant breeding and plant health approach can increase the performance and vegetative persistence of white clover. Trait selections to increase resilience and dry matter yield include optimum root architecture; single and multi-gene resistance or tolerance mechanisms; multi-pest defence compounds; and symbiont:clover combinations enabling induced pest and disease resistance. Cost effective and timely plant health assays for plant breeding are essential. Improved breeding strategies will create value on-farm via perennial forage legumes that perform better under pressure from pests. Keywords: white clover, plant breeding, plant genetics, nematode, pest resistance, pest tolerance
Use of maize silage to improve pasture persistence in dairy farm systems: a review
Authors: Densley R.J. , Williams I.D. , Kleinmans J.J. , Mccarter S.B. , Tsimba R.
Published: March 2021

Maize is a drought tolerant crop that produces high dry matter yields. Growing maize silage as part of a pasture renewal programme can help improve pasture persistence by reducing the level of weeds, insect pests and carryover ryegrass seed. Feeding maize silage to dairy cows results in pasture substitution. This decreases grazing pressure and can be used to manipulate farm pasture cover levels reducing overgrazing. The combination of maize silage and a well-designed stand-off pad with feeding bins allows farmers to keep cows off wet pastures reducing pugging damage and subsequent losses in pasture production without compromising milk production or animal welfare. Maize hybrid selection is critical to ensure timely regrassing. Crop simulation models such as CERES-maize may be useful to determine the best maize hybrid maturity x planting date combinations required to maximise silage yield and meet desired silage harvest and regrassing dates. Best-practice maize silage management including seed bed preparation, weed control and insecticide-treated maize seed will help farmers achieve high yields of silage and assist in the subsequent establishment of high yielding and persistent pastures. Keywords: pasture persistence, maize silage, feed pad
Introduction
Authors: Kerr G.A.
Published: March 2021

Welcome to the Pasture Persistence Symposium. This Symposium is being held under the auspices of the New Zealand Grassland Association to help understand and improve the persistence of particularly ryegrass based pastures.
ALTERNATIVE ESTABLISHMENT STRATEGIES FOR WHITE CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Mccartin John
Published: March 2021

Autumn sown white clover after wheat results in good white clover establishment and large areas can be sown. Direct drilling white clover into barley stubble in the autumn also gives very good white clover establishment. Other methods which include ryegrass and white clover sown together in autumn, sowing with autumn wheat, undersowing barley and processed peas in the spring and oversowing autumn wheat in the spring are less successful. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens,
Species For Particular Uses
Authors: Anon A.
Published: March 2021

A theme of this publication is that each pasture species occupies a particular niche where it does better than others which might be used. In so doing each also tills a particular role in the juggling act between feed supply and animal requirements. We have stressed the need to identify the critical stock feed periods, and then to establish special purpose pastures to satisfy these requirements.
Pasture Establishment
Authors: Anon A.
Published: March 2021

Pasture establishment involves considerations such as site preparation, time of sowing, seed mixtures, seed coating, method of sowing and subsequent management. The recommendations which follow relate mostly to the initial development of native tussock grassland
Characteristics Of Pasture Species
Authors: Anon A.
Published: March 2021

Temperature, soil moisture, soil fertility and pasture management are four important factors which determine the suitability of a pasture species for a particular site. We define the characteristics of a range of species in two alternative ways: . Diagrammatically in relation to temperature, moisture and fertility for a few species capital letters. . In tabular form in more detail for a greater range of species.
NUCLEUS SEED MULTIPLICATION
Authors: Kevern E.
Published: March 2021

The multiplic,ation of Nucleus Seed to produce Breeders' Seed of any of the Grasslands Division cultivars not covered by Head Licensees is handled by the Grasslands Division Seed Production Specialist. The procedure for the selection of increase areas is as follows. The Region: Wherever possible, cultivars are kept to districts that produce that type of cultivar already. As an example, 'Grasslands Ruanui' perennial ryegrass is grown at Waitohi in South Canterbury. This helps eliminate chance of crosspollination, provides better isolation, and reduces the likelihood of disagreements between
RYEGRASS SEED CROPS
Authors: Brown K.R. , Lill G. , Mccartin J. , Jarman D. , Mccloy B. , Hampton J.G. , Rolston M.P. , Stewart A.V. , White J.
Published: March 2021

Perennial ryegrass seed has been one of the most profitable large scale arable crops in the long term, where good yields have been maintained. The key factor in producing high yields of quality ryegrass seed is to take a 'specialist crop' approach. By following the principles given here, specialist growers are achieving consistent seed yields of 1500 kg ha".
White clover roots cause stolon burial
Authors: Cresswell Ann
Published: March 2021

A large proportion of clover stolon in the field (20- 95%) is found below the soil surface (Hay 1983, Sackville Hamilton & Harper 1989). The proportion increases dramatically through the autumn and is reduced in spring. This pattern of burial has been attributed to earthworm casting and livestock trampling (Hay et al. 1987). In greenhouse experiments we observed that stolons were often held tightly to the soil surface and some nodes on mature stolons were beneath the surface. Three experiments designed to measure downward movement of stolons relative to the soil surface in controlled conditions without trampling or earthworm casting are described. Keywords: roots, stolon burial, Trifolium repens L.
Response to selection for increased taproot diameter
Authors: Woodfield D.R. , Caradus J.R. , Cousins G.R. , Dunn T.
Published: March 2021

Increased taproot diameter is an important component in maintaining white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growth, nitrogen fixation and persistence during short-term moisture stress. Previous reports indicated selection for large taproot diameter would result in commensurate increases in leaf size and poorer growth habit. The current research investigates the response to selection for taproot diameter and the association between taproot diameter and leaf size in large-leaved clovers suited to dairy grazing systems. Taproot diameter increased by 2.4% per cycle while leaf size and growth habit were not significantly altered. Furthermore, while taproot diameter did not increase between cycle 2 and 3, the root index which measures the ratio of taproot diameter to leaf size increased linearly across all three cycles. These results suggest it is possible to select white clovers for dairying which have larger taproot diameter while maintaining a suitable growth habit. Keywords: dairying, drought, genetic improvement, root morphology, Trifolium repens L., white clover,
The sensitivity of white clover root hairs to aluminium
Authors: Care D.A.
Published: March 2021

Two populations of white clover, selected for long (L) and short (S) root hairs from the cultivar Tamar, were used to determine the root hair response curve to a range of aluminium (Al) concentrations similar to those found under field conditions. Seeds from the L and S populations were germinated and grown in low ionic strength hydroponic culture. Al was added to give final concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 Ã¬M Al in solution. After 4 weeks plants were harvested and subsampled for root hair analysis. Mean root hair length, root hair number and total root hair length were recorded. Mean root hair length decreased by about 30% at 2.5 Ã¬M Al, and by 70% at 10 Ã¬M Al, but the most Al sensitive parameter was root hair number. Root hair numbers decreased by 70% at only 2.5 Ã¬M Al, and at 10 Ã¬M Al, had decreased by 99%. This pruning effect on total root hair length and number has major implications for the root hair functions of nutrient acquisition, preserving the moisture film, anchorage and nodulation. These are discussed in relation to New Zealand pastoral systems. Keywords: aluminium tolerance, nodulation, root hairs, root pulling, Trifolium repens L., white clover
Field performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium oerenne) infected with toxin-free fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium spp.)
Authors: Popay A.J. , Hume D.E. , Baltus J.G. , Latch G.C.M. , Tapper B.A. , Lyons T.B. , Cooper B.M. , Pennell C.G. , Eerens J.P.J. , Marshall S.L.
Published: March 2021

A national series of six small plot trials were sown in 1996 and four in 1997 to evaluate the performance of six novel fungal endophytes in Grasslands Nui perennial ryegrass. These endophytes do not produce the mammalian toxins, ergovaline and lolitrem B, but produce peramine, a feeding deterrent to the major ryegrass pest, Argentine stem weevil (ASW). Trials included the naturally occurring endophyte (wild-type) which produces both toxins, and an endophyte-free (nil) treatment. Pasture production was measured regularly and samples were taken at least once each summer-autumn from all trials for assessment of ASW damage. Black beetle larval damage was recorded on three trials. The toxin-free endophytes, AR1, AR12, AR22 and the wild-type were equally effective at reducing ASW adult feeding and larval damage significantly below that which occurred in nil treatments. Ryegrass infected with AR1, AR12, AR22 and the wild-type endophyte was damaged less by black beetle larvae than ryegrass without endophyte. The effect of AR24 on insect damage was variable and two other toxin-free endophytes, AR17 and AR506, which had low infection rates, seldom reduced either ASW or black beetle damage. Yield differences between treatments were found on two of 21 sampling occasions between October and December and 12 of 30 sampling occasions between January and April. During summer-autumn, wild-type, AR1, AR12 and AR22 gave higher ryegrass yields than the nil, AR17 and AR506 treatments. In the second year of the 1996-sown trials, productivity of ryegrass with AR1 in the summer-autumn tended to be lower than that of the wild-type with significant differences occasionally occurring. Yield differences were correlated with either ASW or black beetle damage in North Island trials and with percent endophyte infection at all sites. Differences in yield at Lincoln, Canterbury, were attributed to pasture mealy bug. Three conclusions were drawn from these results: 1. Endophytes are very important for maximising ryegrass yield during summer and early autumn. 2. The effect of endophytes on yield is at least partly due to the insect resistance they impart. 3. The field performance of three toxin-free endophytes, AR1, AR12 and AR22, equalled that of the wild-type in terms of increased insect resistance but did not always match it in plant growth. Keywords: AR1, Argentine stem weevil, black beetle, endophyte strain, ergovaline, insect damage, lolitrem B, Neotyphodium lolii, ryegrass yield
Selection against toxin production in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass
Authors: Tapper B.A. , Latch G.C.M.
Published: March 2021

Strains of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) from nature can be selected by analysis of the alkaloid profiles in plants from diverse seed collections. Lolitrem B, ergovaline, and peramine are the alkaloids of primary interest. The selected endophytes can be cultured and transferred into improved cultivars or breeding lines to reduce or eliminate grazing animal toxicoses while significant plant protection qualities can be maintained. Because the endophytes are transmitted only through seed, stable infections with selected endophytes in pastures can be achieved. Keywords: alkaloids, endophyte, ergovaline, lolitrem, Neotyphodium lolii, peramine, perennial ryegrass
Farmer experience of perennial ryegrass endophyte on a Manawatu dairy farm
Authors: Hamilton-Manns Mark , Crothers Rob
Published: March 2021

Case studies of two Manawatu properties currently experiencing ryegrass staggers (RGS) are presented; a dairy farm and a run-off grazing both dairy heifers and intensive bull beef. Before its conversion from a sheep and cattle enterprise to dairying an outbreak of RGS was experienced in 1987. Tall fescue-based pastures were established to minimise the potential threat of RGS. In the intervening 12 years high endophyte ryegrass cultivars have been established and hotter, drier summers are being experienced in this region. Severe cases of RGS have been observed in the last three years. On the dairy farm in 1998/99, 21 cows were dried off in January due to severe RGS. The loss in production is impossible to measure. Sixteen heifers and weaner bulls died during that summer due to RGS and those alive were 35 kg LWT below target. Management options to reduce the effects of endophyte-related disorders include establishing non-toxic pastures such as tall fescue or forage crops to utilise during periods of the year when RGS can be experienced. While limited in cultivar choice at present, the use of novel endophytes provides long-term options for farmers wishing to reduce RGS yet still maintaining ryegrass pastures. Including herbaceous species such as chicory or plantain in pasture mixes will provide high quality summer forage and can dilute the effects of endophyte in the total daily intake. Keywords: bull beef, dairy cows, endophyte, heifers, perennial ryegrass, ryegrass staggers
Environmental impacts of intensive deer farming in New Zealand - a review
Authors: De Klein C.A.M. , Nagels J.J. Drewry , Scarsbrook M. , Collins R. , Mcdowell R.W. , Muirhead R.
Published: March 2021

The New Zealand deer industry is growing rapidly and the development of sustainable management practices for deer farming is becoming increasingly important. The main environmental issues facing the deer industry are the eff ects on soil and water quality, exacerba ted by the behaviour responses of deer to confinement (in particular fence pacing and wallowing). In addition, the projected increase in greenhouse gas emissions from deer farming from about 1.5% of the total emissions in 1990 to an estimated 7% in 2010 is of particular concern if the Kyoto Protocol is ratified. Although the potential effects of deer farming on the environment are well recognised, very little experimental work has qualified the extent of these impacts. The future of intensive deer farming in New Zealand will not only depend on the successful development of sustainable management practices, but also on the implementation and adoption of these practices, which will be influenced by the balance between the costs and the benefits to the New Zealand deer farmer. The development and adoption of sustainable management practices for deer farming requires quantification of rates of sediment, nutrient and faecal contaminant movement to waterways, the impact of soil compaction and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as an assessment of the economic implications. Keywords: deer farming, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient losses, sediment losses, soil compaction, soil erosion, water quality
Industry overview from an international perspective
Authors: Jermy C.
Published: March 2021

Despite tough current market conditions, a recent market visit to Europe attending the SIAL food trade show and meeting with government authorities and customers in France, Holland and Germany instilled me with confidence for the future of the deer industry. The market is the primary driver of profitability at the farm gate and so needs to be considered when developing nutrition and management strategies for the future. The big picture needs to be kept in mind as the future is not just about nutrition for healthy and productive animals. Understanding both nutrition and management provides the groundwork for a healthy, productive and sustainable industry which meets our consumers' needs.
Audit Kelistrikan pada Gedung Administrasi Niaga (AB) dan Akuntansi (AC) Politeknik Negeri Malang
Authors: Hermawan Ahmad , Prasetyo Budi Eko , Wiharya Chandra , Satya Hutama Roby Try
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the average consumption of electrical energy and the Intensity of Energy Consumption (IKE) and the effect of temperature of electrical equipment in the main panel of the AB and AC buildings on the applicable electrical standards in the AB and AC buildings of Politeknik Negeri Malang. From the research, the results of the average consumption of electrical energy in each building are 2591.96 kWh and 1799.74 kWh per month, the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) is 34.55 kWh / m2 and 34.11 kWh / m2, both results fall into the category of energy use. very efficient, all the equipment in the panels of the two buildings is in good condition according to the PLN SK DIR 520 2014 book, the highest temperature value of the safety equipment is 32.8 ᵒC at NH Fuse T. this is due to the current flowing of 34.29A, the value of the equipment with the lowest temperature of 27.8 C on MCB C16 with a maximum standard of 45 C, the current conductive capacity is still in accordance with using a 2.5 mm2 cable with KHA 46 A, while the load current for each branch is protected by MCB 10 A. For cooling in rooms that use AC The split is 28,000 BTU / hour and it is still below the standard of 38,000 BTU / hour.
Perawatan dan Perbaikan Peralatan Listrik Rumah Tangga bagi Masyarakat Rukun Tetangga 04 - Rukun Warga 09 Kelurahan Bunulrejo – Kota Malang
Authors: Sungkowo Heri , Setiawan Awan , Mieftah Muhammad , Sukamdi Sukamdi , Nurhadi Slamet , Epiwardi
Published: March 2021

Maintenance and repair of household electrical appliances for the Rukun community Residents 04 Bunulrejo Village / Kec. Blimbing - Malang City, gives additional the skills and motivation for the Rukun Community of 04 Bunulrejo Village for practice maintenance and repair   of household electrical appliances for the Rukun community Residents 04 Bunulrejo Village. Besides that it can also improve skills addition to the community of Rukun Tetangga 04 Kelurahan Bunulrejo in the field of care and repair of household electrical appliances for the 04 Rukun Tetangga community in the Village Bunulrejo that applies in this era
Билингвизм российских немцев (по данным социологических опросов)
Authors: Смирнова Татьяна Борисовна , Шлегель Елена Александровна
Published: March 2021

На языковые процессы у российских немцев оказывают влияние различные факторы. Это внутренняя неоднородность этнической общности, дисперсный характер расселения большинства немцев, и в то же время – сохранение мест компактного проживания в сельской местности, различное понимание категории “родной язык”, возрастающая роль общественных организаций российских немцев, проводящих целенаправленную политику по сохранению идентичности и немецкого языка. Под воздействием этих факторов язык российских немцев подвергся значительным трансформациям. Русско-немецкий билингвизм, как особая черта языковой ситуации немцев, живущих в России, приобрел новые формы. Немецкий язык постепенно утратил практические функции, он все больше становится этническим символом. А русский язык стал основным средством повседневного общения. Выбор языка, немецкого или русского, как инструмента общения, стал зависеть от конкретных ситуаций, языкового окружения, профессиональной сферы, участия в деятельности общественных организаций. Чтобы проследить динамику языковых процессов, был использован метод социологического опроса, который позволяет глубже изучить особенности народа, находящегося на языковом пограничье. Социологические опросы немецкого населения проводятся Международным союзом немецкой культуры с периодичностью в 10 лет. В статье речь пойдет о результатах двух последних, наиболее масштабных опросов, которые были проведены в 2009 и 2020 годах. Общей целью опросов стал анализ состояния и тенденций этнокультурного развития российских немцев. Отдельный блок вопросов, который нашел отражение в статье, был посвящен языку российских немцев. Внимание авторов было обращено на такие показатели, как признание языка родным, уровень владения тем или иным языком, сферы и формы использования языков, оценка преподавания немецкого языка в образовательных учреждениях. Представленная в статье динамика этноязыковых процессов позволяет оценить языковую ситуацию и дать прогноз развитию русско-немецкого билингвизма российских немцев.
Ю.В. Бромлей: новое слово в науке, услышанное в Европе
Authors: Фаис-Леутская Оксана Давидовна
Published: March 2021

В статье, посвященной памяти Ю.В. Бромлея и приуроченной к 100-летию со дня его рождения, автор, прибегая к личным воспоминаниям и в целом к жанру автоэтнографии, отслеживает «каналы» проникновения в 80-е гг. ХХ в. в Европу основных положений разработанной ученым теории этноса. Внимание, в частности, уделяется отдельным фигурам или центрам европейского научного мира, проявившим интерес к наработкам Ю.В. Бромлея и внесшим свой вклад в дело их популяризации. В первую очередь отмечаются те исторические, социальные, культурные, политические, идеологические реалии Европы (усиление регионализма, демократизация и радикализация европейского климата, интенсификация борьбы «миноритарных народов» и лингвистических, культурных, религиозных меньшинств за расширение своих прав, феномен массового пробуждения их самосознания и поиска идентичности, оформление концепта «наций без государства», «вызревание» Европейской хартии региональных языков или языков меньшинств (1992 г.), начало процесса изменения законодательств европейских стран в отношении «малых народов» и т.д., которые обусловили интерес к отдельным категориям и концептам теории этноса (таким, как этническое самосознание, этнонимы, общность территории, этническая культура, этникос и т.д.) и их востребованность как ответов на «вызовы времени».
Risk factors for colon adenomas recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Vaganov Yu. E. , Veselov V. V. , Likutov A. A. , Khomyakov E. A. , Chernyshov S. V. , Abdulzchalieva E. U. , Achkasov S. I.
Published: March 2021

Aim: to identify risk factors for neoplasms recurrence removed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).

Patients and methods: the single-center retrospective observational study included 207 patients with 260 benign colon neoplasms. There were 95 (45.9%) males and 112 (54.1%) females. The median age of the patients was 67 (27-80) years. The results obtained were assessed using following criteria: morbidity rate, complication type, hospital stay, tumor site, number of neoplasms in colon, lateral growth, fragmentation rate, technical difficulties (mucosal fold convergence)during surgery, grade of dysplasia, recurrence rate.

Results: intraoperative fragmentation of the neoplasms during mucosectomy occurred in 48/260 (18.5%) cases. Postoperative complications within the period of up to 30 days occurred in 13/207 (6.3%) patients. The most frequent 9 (4.2%) postoperative complication arising after mucosectomy was post-polypectomy syndrome. Another 4 (2.0%) patients produced bleeding after the surgery, which required repeated endoscopic procedure. No mortality occurred. The tumor size exceeding 25 mm (Exp (B) = 0.179; 95% CI = 0.05-0.7; p = 0.014), severe dysplasia (Exp (B) = 0.113; 95% CI = 0.03-0.4; p = 0.001) and fold convergence (Exp (B) = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.07-0.7; p = 0.015) are independent risk factors for disease recurrence.

Conclusion: mucosectomy is indicated for colon adenomas if its size does not exceed 25 mm and can be removed en bloc.
Algorithm for clarifying diagnostics and intraluminal endoscopic removal of colorectal epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Zavyalov D. V. , Kashin S. V. , Nesterov P. V. , Nechipai A. M. , Rybachkov V. V. , Malashenko V. N. , Khryaschev V. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim: to work out of a set of measures aimed for early detection of colorectal tumors and the choice of a method of endoscopic surgery.

Patients and methods: a multimodal approach was used, which included two successive stages: the stage of assessing the depth of invasion of malignant colorectal epithelial tumors (1) and the stage of endoscopic surgery. The study included 974 patients, aged 67 (43-81) years. The algorithm of the systemic automatic approach to differentiate the depth of invasion of superficial malignant colorectal tumors has been worked out based on analysis of color pictures of colonoscopy (Colonoscopy Video Analysis). The results of use of automatic system were compared with experts’ assessment.

Results: the application of the developed algorithm of the systemic automatic approach to differentiate the depth of invasion of malignant ENC has high detection accuracy – the total average detection accuracy when implementing this algorithm is 72.02. No significant differences with experts’ assessment were obtained. With endoscopic removal of malignant tumors with superficial invasion, the correct selection of patients based on the tumor size (up to 2.0 and over 2.0 cm) and the corresponding removal technique (mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection) are decisive.

Conclusion: the automatic system of evaluation of tumor invasion depth has a high accuracy and gives a possibility to exclude false positive results.
Manual intracorporeal end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis, own experience
Authors: Salamachin M. P. , Dergacheva T. S. , Leonov O. V. , Sidorov D. V. , Soloviev A. O. , Leonova A. O.
Published: March 2021

Aim: to evaluate the results of original manual intracorporeal end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.

Patients and methods: twenty-two patients with right colon cancer were included in the study: 17 females and 5 males aged 53.1±3.4 years. They underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with the standard D2 lymphadenectomy and intracorporeal ileotransverse anastomosis by the original technique. Follow-up period after surgery was 3 months.

Results: no conversions to open surgery occurred. The operation time was 120.0±12.5 minutes, the median blood loss was 87.0±5.0 ml. Twenty (90.9%) patients are still under follow-up. The hospital stay was 11.4±2.6 days. There were no intraoperative complications. There were no cases of anastomotic leakage. No mortality occurred. At the time of the follow-up, all the patients are alive. Two (9.1%) patients have dropped out of control.

Conclusion: the experience of the first 22 laparoscopic right hemicolectomies with intracorporeal laparoscopic end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis makes it possible to recommend this reliably safe method.
Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for a giant adenoma of the cecum (case report)
Authors: Iugai O. M. , Mtvralashvili D. A. , Likutov A. A. , Vaganov Yu. E.
Published: March 2021

Endoscopic removal of giant adenomas of the cecum is associated with high risk of perforation and conversion to laparoscopic procedure. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for cecal adenomas had technical limitations due to the adjacent ileocecal valve and appendix opening, perpendicular operating angle. Case presentation of the possibility of successful removal of a large laterally spreading cecal adenoma by the method of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) never been described before for this tumor site and size. Patient 54 years old, an LST-G adenoma (5 cm in diameter, according to Kudo – IIIL, according to Sano – II) was detected in the dome of the cecum during colonoscopy. ESTD. The postoperative period without any unfavorable events; the patient was discharged on the 5th day after surgery. The morphological conclusion: tubulo-villous adenoma with moderate epithelial dysplasia, R0. ESTD is suitable for cecal giant adenomas.
Extragenital endometriosis with lesions of the small and large intestine, the formation of a pathological cavity draining to the anterior abdominal wall (case report)
Authors: Nazarov I. V. , Khabibullakh T. , Barinova I. V. , Belov D. M.
Published: March 2021

Extragenital endometriosis is one of the most severe benign diseases of the female reproductive system, characterized by different site of target organs. This pathology is associated with the development of severe complications, the treatment of which requires a multidisciplinary approach. This case report is dedicated to the experience of treating a patient with a history of multiple surgical procedures and long-term undiagnosed deep infiltrative endometriosis, complicated by abdominocutaneus endometriotic fistula.
Quality of life after rectal cancer surgery (systematic review)
Authors: Serebriy A. B. , Khomyakov E. A. , Nafedzov I. O. , Fomenko O. Yu. , Rybakov E. G.
Published: March 2021

Aim: search for modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors affecting the quality of life of patients after rectal cancer surgery.

Materials and methods: the literature search was done according to the keywords: quality of life, rectal cancer, low anterior resection syndrome. Twelve prospective randomized studies, 2 cohort studies, and 2 meta-analyses are included in the study. The quality of life was assessed in the analyzed studies by using questionnaires for cancer patients and updated questionnaires for colorectal cancer: EORTC QLQ-CR29, QLQ-C30, QLQ-CR38, BIQ.

Results: the literary data on influence of gender, age, surgery, stoma, and chemoradiotherapy on life quality of patients after rectal cancer surgery was analyzed.

Conclusion: the most significant factor affecting the life quality of patients with rectal cancer is a violation of the body image if it is necessary to form the stoma on the anterior abdominal wall. The manifestations of the low anterior resection syndrome and the urination problems are significant risk factors in the case of restoration of bowel continuity.
Variations in Muscle Activity and Exerted Torque During Temporary Blood Flow Restriction in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Gizzi Leonardo , Yavuz Utku Ş. , Hillerkuss Dominic , Geri Tommaso , Gneiting Elena , Domeier Franziska , Schmitt Syn , Röhrle Oliver
Published: March 2021

Recent studies suggest that transitory blood flow restriction (BFR) may improve the outcomes of training from anatomical (hypertrophy) and neural control perspectives. Whilst the chronic consequences of BFR on local metabolism and tissue adaptation have been extensively investigated, its acute effects on motor control are not yet fully understood. In this study, we compared the neuromechanical effects of continuous BFR against non-restricted circulation (atmospheric pressure—AP), during isometric elbow flexions. BFR was achieved applying external pressure either between systolic and diastolic (lower pressure—LP) or 1.3 times the systolic pressure (higher pressure—HP). Three levels of torque (15, 30, and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction—MVC) were combined with the three levels of pressure for a total of 9 (randomized) test cases. Each condition was repeated 3 times. The protocol was administered to 12 healthy young adults. Neuromechanical measurements (torque and high-density electromyography—HDEMG) and reported discomfort were used to investigate the response of the central nervous system to BFR. The investigated variables were: root mean square (RMS), and area under the curve in the frequency domain—for the torque, and average RMS, median frequency and average muscle fibres conduction velocity—for the EMG. The discomfort caused by BFR was exacerbated by the level of torque and accumulated over time. The torque RMS value did not change across conditions and repetitions. Its spectral content, however, revealed a decrease in power at the tremor band (alpha-band, 5–15 Hz) which was enhanced by the level of pressure and the repetition number. The EMG amplitude showed no differences whilst the median frequency and the conduction velocity decreased over time and across trials, but only for the highest levels of torque and pressure. Taken together, our results show strong yet transitory effects of BFR that are compatible with a motor neuron pool inhibition caused by increased activity of type III and IV afferences, and a decreased activity of spindle afferents. We speculate that a compensation of the central drive may be necessary to maintain the mechanical output unchanged, despite disturbances in the afferent volley to the motor neuron pool.
Nanofiber-Based Delivery of Bioactive Lipids Promotes Pro-regenerative Inflammation and Enhances Muscle Fiber Growth After Volumetric Muscle Loss
Authors: San Emeterio Cheryl L. , Hymel Lauren A. , Turner Thomas C. , Ogle Molly E. , Pendleton Emily G. , York William Y. , Olingy Claire E. , Liu Alan Y. , Lim Hong Seo , Sulchek Todd A. , Warren Gordon L. , Mortensen Luke J. , Qiu Peng , Jang Young C. , Willett Nick J. , Botchwey Edward A.
Published: March 2021

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries after extremity trauma results in an important clinical challenge often associated with impaired healing, significant fibrosis, and long-term pain and functional deficits. While acute muscle injuries typically display a remarkable capacity for regeneration, critically sized VML defects present a dysregulated immune microenvironment which overwhelms innate repair mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation and pro-fibrotic signaling. In this series of studies, we developed an immunomodulatory biomaterial therapy to locally modulate the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling axis and resolve the persistent pro-inflammatory injury niche plaguing a critically sized VML defect. Multiparameter pseudo-temporal 2D projections of single cell cytometry data revealed subtle distinctions in the altered dynamics of specific immune subpopulations infiltrating the defect that were critical to muscle regeneration. We show that S1P receptor modulation via nanofiber delivery of Fingolimod (FTY720) was characterized by increased numbers of pro-regenerative immune subsets and coincided with an enriched pool of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) within the injured tissue. This FTY720-induced priming of the local injury milieu resulted in increased myofiber diameter and alignment across the defect space followed by enhanced revascularization and reinnervation of the injured muscle. These findings indicate that localized modulation of S1P receptor signaling via nanofiber scaffolds, which resemble the native extracellular matrix ablated upon injury, provides great potential as an immunotherapy for bolstering endogenous mechanisms of regeneration following VML injury.