bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave
Authors: Tan Sophia T. , Kwan Ada T. , Rodríguez-Barraquer Isabel , Singer Benjamin J. , Park Hailey J. , Lewnard Joseph A. , Sears David , Lo Nathan C.
Published: August 2022

SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals and reinfections among previously infected individuals have become increasingly common. Such infections highlight a broader need to understand the contribution of vaccination, including booster doses, and natural immunity to the infectiousness of persons with SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially in high-risk populations with intense transmission such as prisons. Here, we show that both vaccine-derived and naturally acquired immunity independently reduce the infectiousness of persons with Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infections in a prison setting. Analyzing SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data from December 2021 to May 2022 across 35 California state prisons with a predominately male population, we estimate that unvaccinated Omicron cases had a 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31-42%) risk of transmitting infection to close contacts, as compared to 28% (25-31%) risk among vaccinated cases. In adjusted analyses, we estimated that any vaccination, prior infection alone, and both vaccination and prior infection reduced an index case’s risk of transmitting infection by 22% (6-36%), 23% (3-39%) and 40% (20-55%), respectively. Receipt of booster doses and more recent vaccination further reduced infectiousness among vaccinated cases. These findings suggest that although vaccinated and/or previously infected individuals remain highly infectious upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in this prison setting, their infectiousness is reduced compared to individuals without any history of vaccination or infection, underscoring some benefit of vaccination to reduce but not eliminate transmission.
Contaminated Sites and Indigenous Peoples in Canada and the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chong Katherine , Basu Niladri
Published: August 2022

Background

Indigenous communities in Canada and the US are disproportionately exposed to contaminated sites, often arising from industrial and waste disposal activities. For instance, ∼34% of US EPA Superfund sites are of Native American interest, and ∼29% of Canadian federal contaminated sites are on Indigenous reserve land. Contaminated sites pose unique challenges to many Indigenous peoples who consider the land as an integral part of food systems, culture, and the economy. Federal management of contaminated sites is challenged by epistemological differences, regulatory barriers, and minimal scientific research.

Objectives

This scoping review aimed to identify and map information on contaminated sites and Indigenous peoples in Canada and the US, namely: 1) the relationship between contaminated sites and Indigenous people, and their land and food systems; 2) strategies, challenges, and successes for contaminated sites assessment and management on Indigenous land; and 3) Indigenous leadership and inclusion in contaminated site assessment and management.

Methods

Three streams of data were retrieved from January to March 2022: a systematic literature search (key word groups: Indigenous people and contaminated sites); a grey literature search; and an analysis of federal contaminated site data (Canada’s Federal Contaminated Sites Inventory (FCSI) and US EPA’s Superfund Database).

Results

Our search yielded 49 peer-reviewed articles, 20 pieces of grey literature, and 8114 federal site records (1236 Superfund, 6878 FCSI), evidencing the contamination of the lands of 815 distinct Indigenous tribes and nations and the presence of 440 different contaminants or contaminant groups. Minimal information is available on the potential health and ecological effects, assessment and management of risks, and collaboration on contaminated site processes relative to the number of sites on or adjacent to Indigenous lands.

Discussion

By integrating three diverse data streams we discovered a multi-disciplinary yet disparate body of information. The results point to a need to prioritize holism, efficiency, and Indigenous leadership in contaminated site assessment, management, and research. This should include a focus on community-specific approaches to site assessment and management; a re-conceptualization of risks related to sites that privileges Indigenous epistemologies; greater collaboration between networks such as the scientific community, Indigenous communities, and federal governments; and a re-evaluation of current management frameworks with Indigenous leadership at the forefront.
Dorsal Hippocampus To Nucleus Accumbens Projections Drive Reinforcement Via Activation of Accumbal Dynorphin Neurons
Authors: Massaly Nicolas , Ibrahim Khairunisa Mohamad , Yoon Hye-Jean , Sandoval Rossana , Williams Sidney , Frye Hannah , Post William , Yu Waylin , Idowu Olayinka , Zec Azra , Pathiranage Sulan , Kash Thomas L. , Morón Jose A.
Published: August 2022

The hippocampus represents a key structure in the integration of emotional processing, learning and memory, and reward-related behaviors. While the ventral subdivision of the hippocampus (vHPC) is involved in processing emotional values of salient stimuli and goal-directed behaviors, the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) plays a critical role in episodic, spatial, and associative memory. In addition, it has been shown that the dHPC is necessary for context- and cue-associated reward behaviors, including the expression of reward seeking. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central structure in the mesolimbic reward pathway, integrates the salience of aversive and rewarding stimuli and its activity is sufficient to drive aversive and appetitive behaviors. Recent evidence has demonstrated that dHPC→Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) pathway is necessary for expression of a conditioned place preference. However, despite years of groundbreaking research and identification of direct projections from the dHPC to the NAc, the sufficiency for dHPC→NAC inputs to drive reinforcement and reward associated behavior remains to be determined.

Here using a wide range of complementary and cutting-edge techniques including behavior, in-vivo manipulation using optogenetics, chemogenetics, brain clearing, local field potential and fiber photometry recordings, we demonstrate that activation of excitatory projections from the CA1 subregion of the dHPC (dCA1) is sufficient to drive reinforcing behaviors. In addition, we provide strong evidence that this reinforcing behavior is driven by 1) a direct projection from the dCA1 to the NAc and 2) enhanced glutamatergic signaling within the NAc. Furthermore, we uncovered that while dCA1 stimulation increases the activity of both enkephalin- and dynorphin-containing medium spiny neurons in the NAc, the selective activity of dynorphin-containing neurons is necessary for the expression of this reinforcing behavior. Our findings shed light on a novel pathway governing reinforcement and further extend the role of the dHPC on reward seeking.
Improving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence and retention in care: Recommendation development from a national PrEP programme
Authors: MacDonald Jennifer , Estcourt Claudia S , Flowers Paul , Nandwani Rak , Frankis Jamie , Young Ingrid , Clutterbuck Dan , Dalrymple Jenny , McDaid Lisa , Steedman Nicola , Saunders John
Published: August 2022

Introduction

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a key component of HIV combination prevention. Effective prevention needs people to adhere to PrEP during periods of risk and remain in care. However, relevant models of care are under-researched. Using data from the first two years of Scotland’s PrEP programme, we explored barriers and facilitators to PrEP adherence and retention in care and systematically developed evidence-based, theoretically-informed recommendations to enhance future adherence and retention.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups (09/2018-07/2019) with geographically and demographically diverse patients who were either using/declined/stopped or had been assessed as ineligible for PrEP (n=39), healthcare professionals involved in PrEP provision (n= 54), non-governmental organisation service users (n=9) and staff (n=15) across Scotland. We used thematic analysis to map key barriers and facilitators to priority areas that could enhance adherence and retention in care. Next, we used analytic tools from implementation science (Theoretical Domains Framework, Intervention Functions, Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy, APEASE criteria) and expert opinion to systematically generate recommendations to enhance future PrEP adherence and retention in care.

Results

Barriers and facilitators to adherence and retention in care were diverse and multi-layered. Barriers included perceived complexity of event-based dosing, the tendency for users to stop PrEP before seeking professional support, troublesome side-effects, limited flexibility in the settings, timings, and nature of appointments for follow up, enduring PrEP-related stigma and emerging stigmas around not using PrEP. Facilitators included flexible appointment scheduling, reminders, and processes to follow up non-attenders. We generated 25 wide-ranging but specific recommendations for key stakeholders, for example, emphasising the benefits of PrEP reviews and providing appointments flexibly within individualised PrEP care; using clinic systems to remind/recall PrEP users for review; supporting PrEP conversations among sexual partners; clear guidance on event-based dosing; encouraging/commitment to good PrEP citizenship; and detailed discussion on managing side-effects and care/coping planning activities.

Conclusions

PrEP adherence and retention in care is challenging for many people. Such challenges reduce the benefits of PrEP at individual and population levels. Our findings identify and provide solutions to where and how collaborative interventions across public health, clinical, and community practice could address these challenges.
“It’s a helluva journey”: A qualitative study of patient and clinician experiences of nausea and vomiting syndromes and functional dyspepsia
Authors: Sebaratnam Gabrielle , Law Mikaela , Broadbent Elizabeth , Gharibans Armen A , Andrews Christopher N , Daker Charlotte , O’Grady Greg , Calder Stefan , Keane Celia
Published: August 2022

Background

Chronic gastroduodenal disorders including chronic nausea and vomiting syndrome, gastroparesis, and functional dyspepsia, are challenging to diagnose and manage. The diagnostic and treatment pathways for these disorders are complex, costly and overlap substantially; however, experiences of this pathway have not been thoroughly investigated. This study therefore aimed to explore clinician and patient perspectives on the current clinical pathway.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June 2020 and June 2022 with 11 patients with chronic nausea and vomiting syndrome alone or with functional dyspepsia (based on Rome IV criteria) and nine gastroenterologists who treat these conditions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using an iterative, inductive approach.

Results

Five key patient themes were identified: (1) the impacts of their chronic gastroduodenal symptoms, (2) the complexity of the clinical journey, (3) their interactions with healthcare providers, (4) the need for advocacy, and (5) their experience of treatments. Five key clinician themes were also identified: (1) these conditions were seen as clinically complex, (2) there is an uncertain and variable clinical pathway, (3) the nuance of investigations, (4) these conditions were difficult to therapeutically manage, and (5) there are barriers to developing a therapeutic relationship.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that both patients and clinicians are dissatisfied with the current clinical care pathways for nausea and vomiting syndromes and functional dyspepsia. Recommendations included the development of more clinically relevant and discriminant tests, standardization of the diagnostic journey, and the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Cytoplasmic contractile injection systems mediate cell death inStreptomyces
Authors: Casu Bastien , Sallmen Joseph W. , Schlimpert Susan , Pilhofer Martin
Published: August 2022

Contractile injection systems (CISs) are bacteriophage tail-like structures that mediate bacterial cell-cell interactions. While CISs are highly abundant across diverse bacterial phyla, representative gene clusters in Gram-positive organisms remain poorly studied.

Here we characterize a CIS in the Gram-positive multicellular model organismStreptomyces coelicolorand show, that in contrast to most other CISs,S. coelicolorCIS (CISSc) mediate cell death in response to stress and impact cellular development. CISScare expressed in the cytoplasm of vegetative hyphae and not released into the medium. Our cryo-electron microscopy structure enabled the engineering of non-contractile and fluorescently tagged CISScassemblies. Cryo-electron tomography showed that CISSccontraction is linked to reduced cellular integrity. Fluorescence light microscopy furthermore revealed that CISSccontraction mediates cell death upon encountering different types of stress. Finally, the absence of functional CISSchad an impact on hyphal differentiation and secondary metabolite production.

Our results provide new functional insights into CISs in Gram-positive organisms and a framework for studying novel intracellular roles, including regulated cell death and life cycle progression in multicellular bacteria.
Rapid proteostasis controls monolayer integrity of quiescent endothelium
Authors: Podieh Fabienne , Wensveen Roos , Overboom Max C. , Abbas Lotte , Majolée Jisca , Hordijk Peter L.
Published: August 2022

Endothelial monolayer permeability is regulated by actin dynamics and vesicular traffic. Recently, ubiquitination was also implicated in the integrity of quiescent endothelium, as it differentially controls the localization and stability of adhesion- and signaling proteins. We found that inhibition of E1 ubiquitin ligases induces a rapid, reversible loss of integrity in quiescent, primary human endothelial monolayers, accompanied by increased F-actin stress fibers and the formation of intercellular gaps. Concomitantly, total protein and activity of the actin-regulating GTPase RhoB, but not its close homologue RhoA, increase ∼10-fold in 5-8 h. The depletion of RhoB, but not of RhoA, the inhibition of actin contractility and the inhibition of protein synthesis all significantly rescue the loss of cell-cell contact induced by E1 ligase inhibition. Our data suggest that in quiescent human endothelial cells, the continuous and fast turnover of short-lived proteins that negatively regulate cell-cell contact, is essential to preserve monolayer integrity.
Leishmania mexicanaPromotes Pain-reducing Metabolomic Reprogramming In Cutaneous Lesions
Authors: Volpedo Greta , Oljuskin Timur , Cox Blake , Mercado Yulian , Askwith Candice , Azodi Nazli , Gannavaram Sreenivas , Nakhasi Hira L. , Satoskar Abhay R.
Published: August 2022

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by extensive skin lesions associated with an aggressive inflammatory reaction. Despite the extensive inflammation, CL lesions are usually painless, indicating thatLeishmaniainfection may trigger anti-nociceptive activities in the infected tissues. To this date, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this clinical phenomenon have not been identified. Through an untargeted metabolomic analysis by mass spectrometry, we found enriched anti-nociceptive metabolic pathways in mice infected withLeishmania(L.)mexicana.In particular, endogenous purines were elevated at the lesion site during chronic infection, as well asin vitroin infected macrophages, compared to non-infected mice. These purines have known anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties by acting through adenosine receptors and inhibiting transient receptor potential channels of the vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1). Additionally, purine metabolites can promote interleukin (IL)-10 production, with a subsequent decrease in inflammation and pain sensitivity. We also found arachidonic acid metabolism enriched in the ear lesions compared to the non-infected controls. Arachidonic acid is a metabolite of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These endocannabinoids act on cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 and TRPV1 channels to exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Our study provides the first evidence of metabolic pathways upregulated duringL. mexicanainfection that may mediate anti-nociceptive effects experienced by CL patients and identifies macrophages as a source of these metabolites.

Graphical abstract

L. mexicanainfection promotes the production of purines, as well as endocannabinoid mediators, which could act on different channels of dorsal root ganglia neuron to inhibit nociception.
Cellular profiling of a recently-evolved social behavior
Authors: Johnson Zachary V. , Hegarty Brianna E. , Gruenhagen George W. , Lancaster Tucker J. , McGrath Patrick T. , Streelman Jeffrey T.
Published: August 2022

Social behaviors are essential for survival and reproduction and vary within and among species. We integrate single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq), comparative genomics, and automated behavior analysis to investigate a recently-evolved social “bower building” behavior in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. We functionally profile telencephalic nuclei matched to 38 paired behaving/control individuals. Our data suggest bower behavior has evolved in part through divergence in a gene module selectively expressed in a subpopulation of glia lining the pallium. Downregulation of the module is associated with glial departure from quiescence and rebalancing of neuronal subpopulation proportions in the putative homologue of the hippocampus. We show further evidence that behavior-associated excitation of neuronal populations that project to the putative hippocampus mediate glial function and rebalancing. Our work suggests that bower behavior has evolved through changes in glia and region-specific neurogenesis, and more broadly shows how snRNA-seq can generate insight into uncharted behaviors and species.
Business model design and mass customization capability: is supply chain integration a missing link?
Authors: Cheng Jia , Zhao Songzheng , Feng Taiwen , Sheng Hongyan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impacts of the novelty-centered business model design (NBMD) and efficiency-centered business model design (EBMD) on mass customization capability (MCC), as well as the mediating role of supply chain integration.

Design/methodology/approach

Using survey data from 277 Chinese manufacturing firms, we test the hypothesized relationships by conducting structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results indicate that both NBMD and EBMD have significantly positive impacts on product-oriented MCC and service-oriented MCC. In addition, three dimensions of supply chain integration play different mediating roles in the relationship between BMD and MCC. Specifically, relational integration partially mediates the impacts of NBMD and EBMD on service-oriented MCC, information integration partially mediates the impact of NBMD on product-oriented MCC and service-oriented MCC and operational integration partially mediates the impact of NBMD and EBMD on product-oriented MCC.

Originality/value

This study opens the “black box” in the relationship between business model design and MCC, which offers insights on the complex process of supply chain integration and considers business ecosystem for operational performance.
Predicting Romanian tourism e-WOM intentions using value and personality theories
Authors: Baber Hasnan , Pană Marius-Cristian , Fanea-Ivanovici Mina
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The tourism industry has a huge potential, and the return to its state prior to the COVID-19 pandemic is a large stake for any economy. Tourism e-WOM is an important contributor towards attracting visitors and choosing tourism destinations. Drawing from the value and personality theories, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors determining e-WOM intentions in tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a sample of 469 responses collected online from a random sample of Romanians and using partial least squares structural equation modelling, the authors hereby analyze the influence of economic, emotional, social and altruistic values on e-WOM intentions, and the moderating effects of the big five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) on this relationship.

Findings

The results of the study revealed that except economic value, all the exogenous (emotional, social and altruistic) values have a positive influence on the e-WOM intentions. However, the study further suggested that the big five personality traits do not moderate the relationship between the value factors and e-WOM intentions.

Research limitations/implications

The influence of perceived value will be useful for building a stout marketing strategy and to describe e-WOM behaviour among Romanians.

Practical implications

Tourism service providers can promote their services by stressing the various types of value bestowed by their offers.

Originality/value

Although inspired by existing research, the current study is original in that the model used has not yet been proposed before, all the more so for the particular case of the tourism industry.
Obesity, family units and social marketing intervention: evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Nwoba Arinze Christian , Mogaji Emmanuel , Zahoor Nadia , Donbesuur Francis , Alam Gazi Mahabubul
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Building on the social marketing theory, this study aims to examine the relationship between family units and obesity in Nigeria; and the social marketing interventions used to reduce and prevent obesity in the Nigerian society.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a semi-structured interview research design with 42 obese individuals in Nigeria.

Findings

The study findings show that the family unit an individual grows up in influences their consumption behaviour, which drives their obesity. The findings reveal that obese Nigerian citizens are willing to live a healthier lifestyle due to the direct and indirect medical costs associated with obesity. Furthermore, the findings disclose the social marketing interventions – local celebrity endorsements, healthy lifestyle promotions, reduced gym membership and affordable access to healthy foods and services – used to prevent and reduce the rising obesity rates in the Nigerian society.

Research limitations/implications

The findings have important theoretical implication given the focus on consumption behaviour and obesity.

Practical implications

The study findings provide an avenue to guide government officials, policymakers and social marketers in shaping their public policy and social marketing interventions to encourage healthier consumption and lifestyle behaviours among families and individuals in the Nigerian society.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research study to investigate how family units in the emerging market of sub-Saharan Africa drive obesity and the social marketing interventions used to reduce and prevent obesity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Effect of far-infrared fabrics on proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells
Authors: Mu Yifei , Jin Zimin , Yan Yuxiu , Tao Jianwei
Published: August 2022

Purpose

In order to study whether far-infrared fabrics can be used as a garment for breast cancer patients, or as an adjuvant rehabilitation underwear for breast cancer patients after postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, to eliminate tissue edema. To explore the effect of different far-infrared fabrics on the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells as a basic in vitro study.

Design/methodology/approach

Six kinds of fabrics of the same specification with different far-infrared nanoparticles were selected. MCF7 and Bcap37 breast cancer cells were used to study the effect of far-infrared fabrics on cell proliferation and invasion. Six kinds of far-infrared fabrics were used to culture breast cancer cells and explore their effects on breast cancer cell growth and the difference between different far-infrared fabrics.

Findings

It is found that the far-infrared emissivity of six kinds of fabrics are different, among which tea carbon fabric is the highest, followed by volcanic fabric, graphene fabric and biomass graphene fabric are the lowest. The results show that the far-infrared fabrics can significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells, the higher the far-infrared emissivity is, and the longer the time of far-infrared radiation, the more significant the inhibition effect is.

Originality/value

Far-infrared fabrics can inhibit proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, far-infrared fabrics can be used for adjuvant rehabilitation of breast cancer patients. This conclusion provides a basis for the application of far-infrared functional fabrics in the medical field. This conclusion provides a basis for the application of far-infrared functional fabrics in medical field.
An exposition of the constructive research approach: a tactical treatise for addressing methodological and practical issues in organisational research
Authors: Jones Ollie , Gold Jeff , Claxton Julia
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an exposition of the constructive research approach (CRA) to show the potential utility of CRA in transcending or mitigating the methodological and practical issues involved in researching organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is a literature review, and resulting thematic discussion of methodological and practical issues involves in action research (AR) in organisations through the lens of the CRA approach.

Findings

The paper identifies that CRA has benefits in orientation to a practical outcome grounded in a theoretical domain but with leeway to facilitate creativity, which can also potentially improve the quality of the collaborative relationships. The centrality of the construction within the method provides a “vantage point” to manage the emic (inside) and etic (outside) positionality concerns of action researchers working within organisational settings.

Practical implications

CRA has multiple practical benefits for action researchers and their collaborators in terms of time, risk and collaborative commitment.

Originality/value

The paper develops a useful tactical framework for discussing the practical and methodological issues when considering AR in organisations and highlights how CRA can be used in wider organisational scholarship outside its roots in management accounting.
A review of integrated thinking research in developed and developing economies
Authors: Ecim Dusan , Maroun Warren
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper assesses the state and development of integrated thinking research in selected developed and developing economies by providing a “stock taking” of the literature included in the Scopus Database based on filtered criteria.

Design/methodology/approach

A search was performed on the Scopus Database and all sources containing “integrated thinking” in the title, abstract, or keywords were extracted. A total of 98 sources from 2011–2021 are analysed. These are coded with the support of a content analysis and a bibliometric analysis to determine research objectives and methods, affiliations, the locus of enquiry and epistemological perspectives.

Findings

There is a steady increase in attention devoted to integrated thinking research. The earliest studies were concerned primarily with the type of extra-financial information being included in an organisation's reports. This has given way to studies concerned with the operationalisation of integrated thinking. The current research has predominantly focussed on non-positivist epistemologies at the macro- and meso-levels with limited research undertaken at organisational levels.

Practical implications

Research on integrated thinking is particularly relevant in the context of developing economies where integrated thinking can be used as a means to value-creation, sustainable development and stakeholder inclusivity.

Social implications

This paper provides a useful reference for practitioners, academics and journal editors interested in the development of integrated thinking research.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the need for more active research on integrated thinking and reporting in developing economies because much of what has been published to date comes from developed nations. This paper provides an overview of the state of integrated thinking research and presents important areas for future research.
A cloud-based collaborative ecosystem for the automation of BIM execution plan (BEP)
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Azeem , Ajayi Saheed O. , Oyegoke Adekunle Sabitu , Alaka Hafiz
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Master information delivery plan (MIDP) is a key requirement for building information modelling (BIM) execution plan (BEP) that enlists all information deliverables in BIM-based project, containing information about what would be prepared, when, by who, as well as the procedures and protocols to be used. In a well-conceived BEP, the MIDP facilitates collaboration among stakeholders. However, current approaches to generating MIDP are manual, making it tedious, error-prone and inconsistent, thereby limiting some expected benefits of BIM implementation. The purpose of this study is to automate the MIDP and demonstrate a collaborative BIM system that overcomes the problems associated with the traditional approach.

Design/methodology/approach

A BIM cloud-based system (named Auto-BIMApp) involving naming that automated MIDP generation is presented. A participatory action research methodology involving academia and industry stakeholders is followed to design and validate the Auto-BIMApp.

Findings

A mixed-method experiment is conducted to compare the proposed automated generation of MIDP using Auto-BIMApp with the traditional practice of using spreadsheets. The quantitative results show over 500% increased work efficiency, with improved and error-free collaboration among team members through Auto-BIMApp. Moreover, the responses from the participants using Auto-BIMApp during the experiment shows positive feedback in term of ease of use and automated functionalities of the Auto-BIMApp.

Originality/value

The replacement of traditional practices to a complete automated collaborative system for the generation of MIDP, with substantial productivity improvement, brings novelty to the present research. The Auto-BIMApp involve multidimensional information, multiple platforms, multiple types and levels of users, and generates three different representations of MIDP.
An analysis of the spatial qualities of the waterfronts: conceptual proposal projects for Istanbul Sarayburnu
Authors: Ferah Bahar , Gemci Ayse Gul , Algburi Omar
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper's main objective emphasizes the importance of waterfront design in coastal cities. It reveals that a location is associated with the activities it hosts to become attractive for people or, in other words, to be a destination. In this respect, it proposes students' concept projects for the selected waterfront field study in Istanbul.

Design/methodology/approach

This study's conceptual framework is designed according to the qualities compiled from the place-diagram and the power of 10+ (plus) concepts of the PPS (project for public spaces). Accordingly, a fieldwork study based on the qualitative and quantitative research method was conducted as fieldwork in the Istanbul Sarayburnu waterfront, where historical and touristic sight-seeings of the Golden Horn meet with the Bosphorus coastal line. In addition to photo-video recordings, survey questions were also prepared during the field study.

Findings

Survey questions inquiries multi questions searching for the place-diagram qualities provide suggestions of 90 people who responded in situ. Results of the case study highlight six alternative proposal projects for the fieldwork prepared based on the power of 10+ concept by the third grade students of the School of Architecture of Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University (IZU). Based on the survey questions and literature review findings, 10 sub-spatial qualities of waterfronts were disaggregated at the end of the study.

Research limitations/implications

The power of 10+ concept in the study provides a gauge for architects and urban planners; it gives them an excellent tool for assessing the quality of public spaces for placemaking in waterfronts.

Originality/value

Previous studies have generally been based on the PPS's place-diagram qualities with little mention of the interaction with the power of 10+ concept in placemaking. The proposed sub-qualities in the paper's conclusion contribute to architects and urban planners considering a model approach derived from those PPS concepts.
Women leaders' work-caused trauma: vulnerability, reflexivity and emotional challenges for the researcher
Authors: Mavin Sharon
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper advances what is known about emotional experiences and challenges when researching work-caused trauma in organisations and illustrates learning for researchers of work-related trauma. Viewing vulnerability as strength could be conceived as an oxymoron. The paper explains how vulnerability can lead to strength for researchers/participants and focuses on researcher reflexivity in relation to one interview with a woman leader in a small-scale qualitative study.

Design/methodology/approach

The research protocols of the qualitative study are outlined: pre-interview briefings, participant journaling and semi-structured interviews. Researcher reflexivity, following Hibbert's (2021) four levels of reflexive practice (embodied, emotional, rational and relational), is applied to an interview with a woman leader.

Findings

The paper illustrates how research design and recognising vulnerability as strength facilitates considerable relational work and emotional experiences. Researcher reflexivity conveys impact of work-caused trauma on participants and researchers. The paper advances understandings of vulnerability as strength in practice, emotional experiences and challenges of work-caused trauma research.

Research limitations/implications

In this paper, a single case of researcher reflexivity is considered.

Practical implications

There are practical implications for researcher relationships with participants; demonstrating emotional awareness; responding to traumatic stories, participant distress and impact on the researcher; issues of vicarious/secondary traumatic stress; having safe psychological systems; scaffolding a process which recognises vulnerability as strength and becoming personally and methodologically vulnerable; risk of embodied and emotional impact; commitment to reflexivity and levels of reflexive practice.

Originality/value

There is lack of researcher reflexive accounts of practice when studying trauma. Few scholars suggest ways to support researchers in challenging and difficult research. There is silence in research exploring leaders' experiences of work-caused trauma. This paper provides a reflexive account in practice from a unique study of women leaders' experiences of work-caused trauma.
Thermal modeling of directed energy deposition additive manufacturing using graph theory
Authors: Riensche Alex , Severson Jordan , Yavari Reza , Piercy Nicholas L. , Cole Kevin D. , Rao Prahalada
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop, apply and validate a mesh-free graph theory–based approach for rapid thermal modeling of the directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) process.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors develop a novel mesh-free graph theory–based approach to predict the thermal history of the DED process. Subsequently, the authors validated the graph theory predicted temperature trends using experimental temperature data for DED of titanium alloy parts (Ti-6Al-4V). Temperature trends were tracked by embedding thermocouples in the substrate. The DED process was simulated using the graph theory approach, and the thermal history predictions were validated based on the data from the thermocouples.

Findings

The temperature trends predicted by the graph theory approach have mean absolute percentage error of approximately 11% and root mean square error of 23°C when compared to the experimental data. Moreover, the graph theory simulation was obtained within 4 min using desktop computing resources, which is less than the build time of 25 min. By comparison, a finite element–based model required 136 min to converge to similar level of error.

Research limitations/implications

This study uses data from fixed thermocouples when printing thin-wall DED parts. In the future, the authors will incorporate infrared thermal camera data from large parts.

Practical implications

The DED process is particularly valuable for near-net shape manufacturing, repair and remanufacturing applications. However, DED parts are often afflicted with flaws, such as cracking and distortion. In DED, flaw formation is largely governed by the intensity and spatial distribution of heat in the part during the process, often referred to as the thermal history. Accordingly, fast and accurate thermal models to predict the thermal history are necessary to understand and preclude flaw formation.

Originality/value

This paper presents a new mesh-free computational thermal modeling approach based on graph theory (network science) and applies it to DED. The approach eschews the tedious and computationally demanding meshing aspect of finite element modeling and allows rapid simulation of the thermal history in additive manufacturing. Although the graph theory has been applied to thermal modeling of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), there are distinct phenomenological differences between DED and LPBF that necessitate substantial modifications to the graph theory approach.
Research on multi-target tracking method based on multi-sensor fusion
Authors: Gao Bolin , Zheng Kaiyuan , Zhang Fan , Su Ruiqi , Zhang Junying , Wu Yimin
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Intelligent and connected vehicle technology is in the ascendant. High-level autonomous driving places more stringent requirements on the accuracy and reliability of environmental perception. Existing research works on multitarget tracking based on multisensor fusion mostly focuses on the vehicle perspective, but limited by the principal defects of the vehicle sensor platform, it is difficult to comprehensively and accurately describe the surrounding environment information.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a multitarget tracking method based on roadside multisensor fusion is proposed, including a multisensor fusion method based on measurement noise adaptive Kalman filtering, a global nearest neighbor data association method based on adaptive tracking gate, and a Track life cycle management method based on M/N logic rules.

Findings

Compared with fixed-size tracking gates, the adaptive tracking gates proposed in this paper can comprehensively improve the data association performance in the multitarget tracking process. Compared with single sensor measurement, the proposed method improves the position estimation accuracy by 13.5% and the velocity estimation accuracy by 22.2%. Compared with the control method, the proposed method improves the position estimation accuracy by 23.8% and the velocity estimation accuracy by 8.9%.

Originality/value

A multisensor fusion method with adaptive Kalman filtering of measurement noise is proposed to realize the adaptive adjustment of measurement noise. A global nearest neighbor data association method based on adaptive tracking gate is proposed to realize the adaptive adjustment of the tracking gate.
Treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and costs in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis treated with systemic therapy in Japan: A retrospective claims database study
Authors: Tada Yayoi , Kim Hyunchung , Spanopoulos Dionysis , Habiro Katsuyoshi , Tsuritani Katsuki , Yamada Yoshiyuki , Mandal Amartya , Zhong Yichen , Hikichi Yusuke
Published: August 2022

The real‐world treatment landscape for patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis receiving systemic therapies in Japan is not well understood. This study describes the demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and psoriasis‐associated costs in these patients. This retrospective observational study used data from the Japan Medical Data Center database between January 2016 and December 2020. Eligible patients had a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis, ≥1 claim for a systemic treatment of interest, medical history for ≥6 months, and follow‐up data for ≥12 months. Systemic therapies comprised biologics (tumor necrosis factor and interleukin inhibitors) and oral treatments (a phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor, immunosuppressants, and vitamin A). Patient demographics and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and costs were evaluated. The study identified 1770 patients satisfying all inclusion criteria. The mean age was 49.0 years, with 68% of patients aged 20–54 years. Overall, 90.6% and 9.4% of patients received oral medications and biologics as index treatment, respectively. Treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and costs were assessed for treatments received by ≥20 patients (n = 1730). During the 12‐month follow‐up period, 1102/1730 patients (63.7%) discontinued index treatment, of whom 9.9% switched to alternative systemic treatments. The persistence rate was ≥70% for most biologics and <50% for oral systemic treatments. All 1730 patients had ≥1 all‐cause outpatient visit (2.0 visits per person per month) and hospitalization frequency was ≤0.01 per person per month. Persistent patients incurred inflation‐adjusted costs of Japanese Yen (JPY) 88 667 per person per month. Treatment switching was associated with an increase in total cost: JPY 128 039 per person per month after switching versus JPY 117 504 before switching. This study of Japanese patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis demonstrated low persistence, high discontinuation, and low rates of treatment switching with systemic therapies. Switching was associated with increased total cost. These results indicate unmet needs for new treatments.
Physiological costs of facultative endosymbionts in aphids assessed from energy metabolism
Authors: Clavé Corentin , Sugio Akiko , Morlière Stéphanie , Pincebourde Sylvain , Simon Jean‐Christophe , Foray Vincent
Published: August 2022

Many insect species harbour heritable bacterial endosymbionts. Some facultative endosymbionts provide benefits to their hosts under certain environmental conditions.

Facultative endosymbionts are expected to impose additional energetic expenditures to their host, reducing host fitness. While there is accumulating evidence in plant sucking insects that facultative endosymbionts reduce the fitness of their host under permissive conditions, no direct energy costs associated with facultative endosymbionts have been identified.

Using the standard metabolic rate (SMR) as a measure of the energy cost of self‐maintenance, we investigated whether two common facultative endosymbionts Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola increase the maintenance cost of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum which could translate into host fitness reduction (‘compensation hypothesis’). In addition, we tested if there was a link between SMR and the aphid fitness and whether it depended on endosymbiont density and aphid energetic reserves. Finally, we measured SMR at different temperatures to assess the impact of suboptimal thermal conditions on physiological cost of endosymbionts.

In the presence of facultative endosymbionts, aphids expressed generally a lower fitness and a higher SMR compared to uninfected ones, in accordance with the ‘compensation hypothesis’. However, the SMR difference between infected and uninfected aphids tended to decrease with increasing temperature. Complex host genotype‐by‐symbiont genotype‐by‐temperature interactions on SMR were also revealed.

Energetic budget of adult aphids appeared weakly influenced by the aphid genotype and endosymbiont species, suggesting that facultative endosymbionts primarily impact the consumption of energy resources rather than their acquisition. Density of facultative endosymbionts varied largely among aphid lines but was not associated with the fitness nor metabolic rate of aphids.

This work supports the energy basis of facultative endosymbiont associated fitness costs and raises new questions about the effect of facultative endosymbionts on the energy metabolism of their host.

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Latitudinal gradient in species diversity provides high niche opportunities for a range‐expanding phytophagous insect
Authors: Jones Dylan G. , Kobelt Julia , Ross Jenna M. , Powell Thomas H. Q. , Prior Kirsten M.
Published: August 2022

When species undergo poleward range expansions in response to anthropogenic change, they likely encounter less diverse communities in new locations. If low diversity communities provide weak biotic interactions, such as reduced competition or predation, range‐expanding species may experience high niche opportunities.

Here, we investigated if oak gall wasp communities follow a latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) and if lower diversity communities provide weaker interactions at the poles for a range‐expanding community member, Neuroterus saltatorius.

We performed systematic surveys of gall wasps on a dominant oak, Quercus garryana, throughout most of its range, from northern California to Vancouver Island, British Columbia. On 540 trees at 18 sites, we identified 23 oak gall wasp morphotypes in three guilds (leaf detachable, leaf integral, and stem galls). We performed regressions between oak gall wasp diversity, latitude, and other abiotic (e.g. temperature) and habitat (e.g. oak patch size) factors to reveal if gall wasp communities followed an LDG. To uncover patterns in local interactions, we first performed partial correlations of gall wasp morphotype occurrences on trees within regions). We then performed regressions between abundances of co‐occurring gall wasps on trees to reveal if interactions are putatively competitive or antagonistic.

Q. garryana‐gall wasp communities followed an LDG, with lower diversity at higher latitudes, particularly with a loss of detachable leaf gall morphotypes. Detachable leaf gall wasps, including the range‐expanding species, co‐occurred most on trees, with weak co‐occurrences on trees in the northern expanded region. Abundances of N. saltatorius and detachable and integral leaf galls co‐occurring on trees were negatively related, suggesting antagonistic interactions. Overall, we found that LDGs create communities with weaker associations at the poles that might facilitate ecological release in a range‐expanding community member.

Given the ubiquity of LDGs in nature, poleward range‐expanding species are likely moving into low diversity communities. Yet, understanding if latitudinal diversity pattern provides weak biotic interactions for range‐expanding species is not well explored. Our large‐scale study documenting diversity in a related community of phytophagous insects that co‐occur on a host plant reveals that LDGs create high niche opportunities for a range‐expanding community member. Biogeographical patterns in diversity and species interactions are likely important mechanisms contributing to altered biotic interactions under range‐expansions.