bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Społeczne ramy kultury” czterdzieści lat później. Pięć modeli komunikacji kulturowej
Authors: Sułkowski Bogusław
Published: May 2021

Forty years ago Antonina Kłoskowska built up a universal paradigm of three social frames of culture. They included: frame one, i.e. local production of symbolic processes, close to folk culture; frame two — understood as a network of local institutions of culture; frame three — involving a radiation of pan-local centers, in particular a reception of contents transmitted by mass media. A basic sociological criterion of differentiating between these categories includes a type of contact, and adjacency of sender and recipient of symbolic communication. Currently, following years of development of digital means of communication, computer networks and fiber optic technologies, audio-visual systems, mobile telephones, etc. a proposal of frames of culture must be examined again. New media shape new vehicles of expression (e.g. hypertext), but most importantly they inspire specific social relations. Discussion over cultural framework is also triggered by accelerated processes of economic and social transformation, advanced globalization, increase of living standards and dissemination of consumption attitudes, changes in leisure activities of the middle class. In more narrowly understood domain of institutional and professional culture one witnessed the processes of European deregulation and release of culture from state, which in Eastern Europe was accompanied by abolition of censorship and a different model of culture distribution, which is controlled by market and cultural (creative) industry rather than by central government. As a result, the nature of direct communication among people is subject to ongoing transformation. We witness more and more indirect cultural communication (off-line and on-line). Modified and broadened proposal of social frames of culture includes five rather than three paradigms, namely: the culture of indirect communication, the culture of associations and volunteers; the culture of local institutions (public and private), mass culture versus pop culture, cyber-culture, culture of network community. One has to underline that in the new reality of our civilization we can still use analytic principles of Kłoskowska’s typology. First, we can treat spiritual culture as a phenomenon of autotelic semiosis with pragmatic definition of sign; second, while describing social functioning of culture we can use a sociological criterion of contact and adjacency.
Sfera symboli czy nie tylko? Wybrane aspekty kultury narodowej w ujęciu Antoniny Kłoskowskiej i innych polskich socjologów współczesnych
Authors: Baran Leszek
Published: May 2021

In the last period of her professional career, Antonina Kłoskowska focused on issues related to national culture and nation itself, which is evident e.g. in her publication National Cultures at the Grass-Root Level. The article presents Kłoskowska’s main arguments concerning the notion of “national culture”. The author regarded this specific type of culture as one that could be characterized as symbolic, compound and coherent in the syntagmatic sense. Kłoskowska points out that, in order to be recognized as a member of a national community, it is necessary to acquire and refer to the canonical resources of its culture.In the second part of the article some of the findings of contemporary Polish researchers are laid out, which correspond or directly relate to some of Kłoskowska’s ideas. A comparison and analysis of their views leads to a conclusion that their diversification does not generally mean that they are completely distant in their judgments but rather that various aspects are stressed in different ways. This attests, however, to the fact that the authors belonged to diverse intellectual formations.
Antoniny Kłoskowskiej koncepcja kultury narodowej jako źródło inspiracji
Authors: Szpociński Andrzej
Published: May 2021

The article is an attempt at contemporary interpretation of Antonina Kłoskowska’s theory of culture. The Author starts with a brief summary of her concept and follows with his analysis and elaboration on a few interesting issues which are the most interesting in his opinion. They include: national culture and the culture of a national society (i.e. a society, the members of which regard themselves also as members of a national community, an essence of integrative functions of national culture and conciliative functions of artistic heritage.
Indeks, ikona i symbol. O stosunku fotografii, historii (czasu) i pamięci
Authors: Hamann Christoph
Published: May 2021

The Author starts with a thesis that photography and modern historiography developed at the same time, and then tries to look for relationships between the two. He starts from analyzing a specificity of a photograph which — as a medium — not only represents the past, but can be an energizing impulse both in the presence and the future. By referring to the semiotic classification of Charles Sanders Peirce, the Author describes the importance of a photograph to historical research as an index, an icon and a symbol. This helps understand the way of using a collective resource of photographs and to define a status of digital photographs as a source. Finally, the Author tries to show the perspectives of visual history analysis and the role which might be played by images when forming and changing memory communities in the era of globalization and diversification.
Muzeum: transformacje medium na tle procesów konwergencji
Authors: Mikułowski Pomorski Jerzy
Published: May 2021

The Author ponders changes in the perception of the institution of museum, which he treats as a medium. He considers its constitutive features: spatiality and transfer function. In his opinion, in the contemporary world of cultural convergence the museums, once limited with institutional perspective, targeted their attention at the needs and experiences of a viewer — they have become a piece of land which may be developed by people according to their own group needs.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMA NEGERI 1 KUANTAN MUDIK KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI
Authors: Sari Vira Mayang , Rusli Zaili , Yuliani Febri
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is to explain inhibiting factors for online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Senior High School 1 Kuantan Mudik, Kuantan Singingi Regency. This research used qualitative research methods. The selection of the research informans using purposive sampling technique. Primary data collection from interviews, and secondary data from documentation and literature review. Data analysis using an interactive model. From the results of the research conducted, it was found that several factor inhibiting online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Senior High School 1 Kuantan Mudik, Kuantan Singingi Regency, namely the problem of learning facilities, internet connection, and low students motivation. For this reason, the government needs to maximize online learning facilities that can be applied in every school, and educators and parents of students from Senior High School 1 Kuantan Mudik are expected to improve their supervision and ability to use technology and create an active atmosphere and enthusiasm for learning.
Spatial Bloch oscillations in acoustic waveguide arrays
Authors: Liu Yun-Kai , Wu Hong-Wei , Hu Ping , Sheng Zong-Qiang
Published: May 2021

We designed a type of acoustic waveguide supported by spoof acoustic surface waves. The effective refractive index of acoustic waveguide can be effectively tuned by tailoring the waveguide width to control the propagation of spoof acoustic surface waves. Based on the advantage of the tunable refractive index, we construct a discrete waveguide array with transverse refractive index gradients to simulate the time evolution of the probability waves of electron in a tight-binding lattice under an external electric field. Based on numerical simulations and experiments, we discuss the relationship between the spatial Bloch oscillations period and the transverse refractive index gradient. Furthermore, we also investigate the influence of the interval between waveguides on the amplitude of the Bloch oscillations. Our acoustic waveguide array maybe provides a versatile testbed to explore analogous quantum mechanical effects, such as Zener tunneling, Anderson localization, and massless Dirac dynamics in acoustic system.
Structure-insensitive zero refraction effect based on a two-dimensional annular photonic crystal
Authors: Wu Jingren , Yuan Jing , Jiang Liyong , He Weiji
Published: May 2021

The zero refraction (ZR) effect based on a two-dimensional square lattice air-ring photonic crystal (PC) provides a powerful mean for beam steering. However, most previous studies have reported ZR performance mainly for transverse-magnetic polarization. This paper proposes a typical non-accidental triple degeneracy at Dirac-like point for transverse-electric polarization, which in case of the structure-insensitive parameters. As compared to conventional PCs, the proposed PC exhibits a totally different performance attributed to its robust structure, which greatly reduces the difficulty of processing technology.
MOTERŲ SVEIKA GYVENSENA IKI NĖŠTUMO, NĖŠTUMO METU IR PO JO
Authors: Kovalevskytė Miglė , Grubliauskienė Jūratė
Published: May 2021

Sveika gyvensena moters gyvenime yra svarbus veiksnys, paveikiantis ne tik moters, bet ir jos būsimo vaiko bei kitų kartų sveikatą. Nėštumas suteikia unikalią galimybę išnaudoti moters motyvaciją turėti sveiką kūdikį ir pakeisti savo elgseną teigiama linkme [1]. Tyrimo tikslas − išanalizuoti moterų sveikos gyvensenos pokyčius ir jų išsaugojimo galimybes iki nėštumo, nėštumo metu ir po jo. Atliktas kiekybini tyrimas: anoniminė anketinė apklausa raštu. Tyrimo imtis – 448 respondentės. Tyrimo metu gauti statistiniai duomenys analizuojami, taikant statistinę ir aprašomąją duomenų analizę (Microsoft Exel ir IBM SPSS Statistics 24). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad moterų sveika gyvensena nėštumo metu daugeliu aspektų gerėja, tačiau teigiami pokyčiai ne visoms išlieka po nėštumo. Atlikto tyrimo duomenimis, dažniausiai teigiamus pokyčius lėmė atsakomybės jausmas ir noras būti pavyzdžiu, neigiamus pokyčius lėmė laiko sau stoka, viso dėmesio skyrimas vaikui.
TĖVŲ, AUGINANČIŲ PROTO NEGALIĄ TURINTĮ VAIKĄ, SANTYKIŲ SU SVEIKATOS SPECIALISTAIS PATIRTIS
Authors: Akavickas Justas
Published: May 2021

Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti tėvų, auginančių proto negalią turintį vaiką, santykių su sveikatos specialistais patirtį. Metodika. Tyrimo metu apklausti 82 tėvai, auginantys proto negalią turinčius vaikus. Atsako dažnis 68,3 proc. Gauti duomenys buvo apdoroti ir analizuoti naudojant statistinių duomenų paketą SPSS 22. Skirtumas tarp kintamųjų, pasirinkus reikšmingumo lygmenį α=0,05, laikomas statistiškai reikšmingu ir patikimu, kai apskaičiuotoji p reikšmė yra ne didesnė nei 0,05 (p≤0,05).
Rezultatai. Tyrime dalyvavo 82 respondentai, kurių daugumą sudarė moterys (89 proc.). Dažniausiai tėvai pagalbos ieškojo sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose (84,9 proc.). Tyrimo metu buvo nustatyta, kad 87,8 proc. apklaustųjų
yra patenkinti šeimos gydytojo darbu su jų neįgaliu vaiku. Didžioji dauguma (78 proc.) apklaustųjų nurodė, kad nepatiria sunkumų hospitalizuojant ir gydant proto negalią turintį vaiką. Išvados. Dažniausiai tėvai, sužinoję apie vaiko negalią, kreipiasi į sveikatos priežiūros įstaigas, siekdami tęsti gydymą pas įvairius sveikatos priežiūros specialistus. Proto negalią turintys vaikai yra mažiau atsparesni rizikos veiksniams, todėl dažniau serga įvairiomis somatinėmis (virškinamojo trakto, kvėpavimo takų, širdies ir kraujagyslių) ligomis. Dauguma tėvų dėl savo vaiko negalios patiria sunkumų, lankydamiesi pas gydytoją odontologą, okulistą ir LOR.
GIMDOS APVALIOJO RAIŠČIO ENDOMETRIOZĖ. KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Janušonytė Henrieta
Published: May 2021

Endometriozė − tai liga, kuri apibūdinama kaip funcinių endometrinių liaukų ir stromos egzistavimas už gimdos ribų. Šios patologijos paplitimas tarp vaisingo amžiaus moterų yra apie 10 – 20 proc., dažniausiai pasireiškiantis dubens organuose, ypač kiaušidėse ir dubens pilvaplėvėje. Iš visų endometrioze sergančių moterų tik apie 0,6 proc. pasireiškia ši patologija kirkšnies srityje, dar rečiau ji būna ant gimdos apvaliojo raiščio. Dėl tokio mažo paplitimo, kirkšnies endometriozė dažnai esti nepastebėta arba painiojama su kita patologija. Būdingiausi simptomai yra palpuojamas darinys kirkšnies srityje, skausmas jo vietoje, sustiprėjantis menstruacijų metu. Šiame darbe aprašomas šios retos endometriozės formos klinikinis atvejis ir pateikiama susijusios literatūros apžvalga, norint atkreipti dėmesį, jog atliekant diferencinę diagnostiką, esant dariniui kirkšnyje, reiktų nepamiršti ir kirkšninės endometriozės.

Pristatomas 31 metų moters, kuri skundėsi stipriu skausmu dešinės kirkšnies srityje, klinikinis atvejis. Skausmas sustiprėdavo menstruacijų metu. Moters teigimu, skausmas kirkšnyje truko apie 5 mėnesius. Pajutusi šį simptomą, pati atliko dešinės kirkšnies apčiuopą ir užčiuopė darinį. Iš pradžių skausmas buvo epizodinis, tačiau pastarąjį mėnesį tapo nuolatiniu. Prieš metus šalinta kiaušidės cista. Moteris negimdžiusi. Buvo atliktas ultragarsinis tyrimas. Gaktinės srities pilvo sienoje rastas 9x26x21 mm dydžio hipogeniškas, nehomogeniškas, vaskuliarizuotas darinys. Padaryta išvada, jog tai dešinės kirkšnies endometrioma. Atlikta endometriomos ekscizija ir biopsija. Nustatyta, jog endometrioma išplitusi ant gimdos apvaliojo raiščio. Histopatologinis tyrimas patvirtino endometriozės diagnozę.

Endometriozė dažnai painiojama su kitomis patologijomis, pavyzdžiui, kirkšnies išvarža, todėl neretai nediagnozuojama. Jeigu vaisingo amžiaus moteriai apčiuopiamas darinys kirkšnyje, net jeigu pacientė ir nejaučia tokių simptomų, kaip skausmas kirkšnies srityje, reikia atkreipti dėmesį, jog tai gali būti endometrioma ir atlikti reikiamus tyrimus. Tai gali būti ultragarsinis ar magnetinio rezonanso tyrimas, tačiau patvirtinimui būtinas histologinis ištyrimas. Gali būti skiriamas medikamentinis, konservatyvusis gydymas arba radikali operacija.
OFTALMOLOGINĖS KOMPLIKACIJOS PO ŠIRDIES OPERACIJOS SU DIRBTINE KRAUJO APYTAKA
Authors: Alūzaitė-Baranauskienė Lina , Liutkevičienė Rasa , Žaliūnienė Dalia
Published: May 2021

Regėjimo netekimas po širdies operacijos yra reta, tačiau labai rimta komplikacija. Išeminė optinė neuropatija ir tinklainės išemija – dvi pagrindinės regėjimo netekimo priežastys. Hemodinaminiai pokyčiai, vykstantys tinklainės ir regos nervo kraujagyslėse širdies operacijos su dirbtine kraujo apytaka metu, nėra galutinai ištirti. Manoma, kad pagrindinė patogenezės grandis – akių išemija dėl akies kraujagyslių mikroembolijos ir hipoperfuzijos. Palaikant stabilius hemodinaminius parametrus širdies operacijos metu, galima sumažinti regėjimo sutrikimo tikimybę. Tyrimo tikslas – apžvelgti literatūros šaltiniuose nurodomas pagrindines regėjimo netekimo klinikines išraiškas: tinklainės arterijos nepratekamumą (TAN) bei išeminę optinę neuropatiją (ION), atsirandančias po širdies operacijos su dirbtine kraujo apytaka. Aptarti jų epidemiologiją, rizikos veiksnius, išsivystymo mechanizmus bei gydymo galimybes. Tyrimo metodas – sisteminė literatūros apžvalga, atlikta naudojantis elektronine duomenų baze PubMed (Medline). Atrinkti straipsniai, aprašantys regėjimo netekimo priežastis po širdies operacijų su dirbtine kraujo apytaka, naudojant raktinius žodžius ir jų derinius.
RETENCIJA PO ORTODONTINIO GYDYMO
Authors: Markevičiūtė Gustė , Berlin Vilija
Published: May 2021

Retencija yra paskutinis ortodontinio gydymo etapas, kurio pagrindinė užduotis – išlaikyti pakoreguotą dantų padėtį ir išvengti gydymo recidyvo. Šiam tikslui pasiekti buvo sukurti išimami bei fiksuoti ortodontiniai reteineriai. Išimami reteineriai gali būti dėvimi ne visą laiką ir palengvina burnos higieną, tačiau yra neestetiški ir reikalauja paciento bendradarbiavimo. Fiksuoti reteineriai indikuotini ilgalaikiam dėvėjimui, dažniausiai visam gyvenimui, jų negalima išsiimti. Fiksuoti reteineriai yra estetiškesni ir nereikalauja paciento bendradarbiavimo, tačiau sunkina burnos higieną, gali atsiklijuoti ar lūžti ir sukelti nepageidaujamą dantų judėjimą. Literatūroje nėra bendro atsakymo, kurie reteineriai efektyvesni ar koks jų dėvėjimo režimas optimaliausias. Kai kuriais atvejais taikoma išimamo ir fiksuoto reteinerio kombinacija – dviguba retencija. Šalia reteinerio galima taikyti papildomus retencijos metodus – periciziją ar interproksimalinę emalio redukciją, tačiau tai invazyvios procedūros, todėl jų panaudojimas yra diskutuotinas. Nustačius retencijos režimą, svarbu suplanuoti kontrolinius vizitus retencijos stebėjimui.
NĖŠČIŲJŲ RINITAS
Authors: Juotkutė Mantilė , Karaliūtė Dovilė
Published: May 2021

Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti rinito priežastis, simptomus nėštumo metu ir taikomus diagnostikos bei gydymo metodus, aprašytus literatūroje.
Tyrimo metodas. Sisteminė literatūros apžvalga. Straipsniai atrinkti iš elektroninės duomenų bazės PubMed (Medline), naudojant raktažodžius „rhinitis during pregnancy“ ir „pregnancy induced rhinitis“.

Rezultatai. Nėščiųjų rinitas yra dažna patologija, stebima kone pusei visų nėščiųjų. Tai būklė, esanti tik nėštumo metu ir pasireiškianti neuždegiminiu, nealerginiu nosies gleivinės pokyčiu, kuri sukelia vieną ar daugiau simptomų: nosies obstrukciją, rinorėją, nosies niežulį, čiaudulį, hiposmiją. Rinitui atsirasti įtakos turi hormoninis organizmo persitvarkymas nėštumo metu. Literatūros duomenimis, po gimdymo ši būklė praeina per dvi savaites, tačiau laiku nediagnozuota ir tinkamai negydoma gali sukelti komplikacijas, riziką vaisiui ir pabloginti nėštumo baigtį.

Išvados. Nėščiųjų rinitas dažnai sukelia simptomus, kurie veikia motinos, o kartu ir vaisiaus gyvenimo kokybę. Ypač svarbus šios patologijos etiologijos supratimas, laiku priimti diagnostikos bei gydymo sprendimai, otorinolaringologų ir akušerių-ginekologų bendradarbiavimas, mokant pacientes valdyti ligą.
EOZINOFILIJOS SĄSAJOS SU ŠIRDIES IR KRAUJAGYSLIŲ LIGOMIS
Authors: Leleika Arnoldas , Trumpa Einius , Leišytė Palmira
Published: May 2021

Medicinoje eozinofiliniai granulocitai daugiausiai žinomi kaip kraujo ląstelės, kurios dalyvauja alerginių reakcijų, helmintozių bei bronchinės astmos gynybos mechanizmuose. Šių ląstelių bei širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų sąsaja Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje dar mažai nagrinėta. Dažniausiai atlikti tyrimai su nedidelėmis žmonių populiacijomis, nes tokių įvykių pasitaiko retai, nors gydytojams, tiriantiems ligonį, ne visada pavyksta nustatyti ligos priežastį. Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti eozinofilinių granulocitų kiekio padidėjimo koreliaciją su širdies bei kraujagyslių ligų išsivystymu; pristatyti jau atliktus klinikinius tyrimus, aptariant ligų klinikines formas, epidemiologiją, riziką sirgti; atskleisti būtinybę analizuoti eozinofilinių granulocitų padidėjimą bendrame kraujo vaizde.

Sisteminė literatūros apžvalga atlikta PubMed, UpToDate elektroninėse medicininių publikacijų paieškos sistemose. Atrenkant tinkamas publikacijas, buvo naudojami raktažodžiai ir jų deriniai: eosinophilia, heart damage, ischemia, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease. Analizei atrinktos daugiausia pirminės publikacijos bei klinikiniai tyrimai. Atlikus tyrimą, pastebėta, jog eozinofilinių granulocitų padidėjimas koreliuoja ne vien su alergijomis, atopija, bronchine astma, helmintozėmis, bet ir su širdies bei kraujagyslių ligomis. Nustatyta, kad šios efektorinės ląstelės infiltruoja įvairius audinius, sukelia uždegimą, organų disfunkciją. Ištirta, jog eozinofilija reikšmingai susijusi su vainikinėmis arterijomis, kai kuriems pacientams sukelia sunkią išeminę širdies ligą, kuri dažnai baigiasi mirtimi. Pastebėta, jog eozinofilija reikšmingai siejasi su arterijų kalcifikacija, todėl paspartėja arterinės hipertenzijos progresavimas.
ATOKIOSIOS ORTODONTINIO GYDYMO KOMPLIKACIJOS
Authors: Ralytė Modesta , Berlin Vilija
Published: May 2021

Kaip ir bet kurios kitos srities, ortodontinio gydymo rezultatai ne visada tokie, kokių tikimasi. Dėl daugelio teigiamų gydymo aspektų klinikinėje praktikoje, vis daugiau žmonių siekia ortodontinio gydymo, todėl mokslinėje literatūroje vis dažniau aprašoma šio gydymo komplikacijų. Pastarųjų atsiranda ortodontinio gydymo eigoje (pavyzdžiui, emalio ir periodonto audinių pažeidimai), arba po jo (pavyzdžiui, netinkamas retencijos aparatų veikimas, gydymo rezultatų nestabilumas ar prieš gydymą nediagnozuotas paciento psichinis sutrikimas). Negalima paneigti ortodontinių komplikacijų buvimo, tačiau jų pasireiškimą galima kontroliuoti. Tam tikslui, visų pirma, reikalingos ortodontinių komplikacijų epidemiologijos, etiologijos ir įtakos gydymo planavimui bei rezultatui žinios.

Tyrimo tikslas – atlikus mokslinės literatūros analizę, išskirti dažniausiai moksliniuose straipsniuose minimas atokiąsias ortodontinio gydymo komplikacijas ir sistemingai pateikti jų epidemiologiją, etiologiją, įtaką ortodontinio gydymo planavimui bei paciento pasitenkinimui gydymo rezultatais.

Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Moksliniai straipsniai, publikuoti 2001–2021 m. laikotarpiu, ieškoti Medline (per PubMed), Google Scholar ir ScienceDirect mokslinių duomenų bazėse. Literatūros šaltiniai buvo atrinkti remiantis šiais kriterijais: 1) straipsniai, kuriuose aprašomos po ortodontinio gydymo pasireiškiančios komplikacijos, 2) straipsniai, kuriuose aprašomos ortodontinio gydymo metu atsirandančios ir po jo išliekančios arba progresuojančios komplikacijos, 3) straipsniai, kuriuose aprašoma galimų ortodontinio gydymo komplikacijų įtaka ortodontinio gydymo planavimui, 4) straipsniai, kuriuose aprašoma ortodontinio gydymo komplikacijų įtaka paciento pasitenkinimui gydymo rezultatais, 5) straipsniai lietuvių arba anglų kalba.

Išvados. Dažniausiai mokslinėje literatūroje aprašomos ortodontinio gydymo sukeltos ir ilgai po gydymo išliekančios emalio pažaidos yra baltosios dėmės, įtrūkimai, nusidėvėjimas ir spalvos pokyčiai. Dantenų recesija ir atviri tarpdantiniai kontaktai yra aktualiausi periodontologiniai defektai,atsirandantys per ortodontinį gydymą ir progresuojantys po jo. Mokslinė literatūra nepateikia geriausio retencijos metodo varianto, tačiau, atsižvelgiant į ortodontinio atkryčio priežasčių gausą, retencija turėtų būti ilgalaikė, o ilgalaikis rezultatų stabilumas priklauso nuo paciento požiūrio į ortodontinio gydymo sėkmę. Psichinės ligos, tokios kaip kūno dismorfija, turi reikšmingą įtaką pacientų gydymo lūkesčiams. Detali paciento norų analizė ir, jei reikia, gydytojo psichiatro konsultacija prieš pradedant ortodontinį gydymą, yra paciento nepasitenkinimo gydymo rezultatais, susijusiais su ortodontinio gydymo komplikacijomis, prevencija.
ODOS VĖŽIO DIAGNOSTIKA IR DIRBTINIS INTELEKTAS
Authors: Janušonytė Eglė
Published: May 2021

Dirbtinis intelektas – plačiai diskutuojama tema su sparčiai tobulėjančiomis technologijomis, ateityje neabejotinai užimsianti svarbią vietą klinikinių būklių diagnostikoje bei sveikatos priežiūroje. Viena aktualiausių dirbtinio intelekto krypčių – konvoliucinių neuroninių tinklų algoritmai, interpretuojantys vaizdinius duomenis, todėl labiausiai šioje srityje pažengusios tos specialybės, kurių praktikoje taikoma klinikinio vaizdo analizė. Odos piktybiniai navikai yra baltaodžių populiacijoje labiausiai paplitęs vėžys, kurį anksti diagnozavus galima sėkmingai gydyti, didėja pacientų išgyvenimo tikimybė. Šioje literatūros apžvalgoje aprašomas dirbtinio intelekto taikymas dermatologijoje, pastaraisiais metais diagnozuojant piktybinius odos navikus, ypač melanomą, bei šių algoritmų pažanga, jų tikslumo palyginimas su gydytojų dermatologų rezultatais. Aprašomas pacientų požiūris bei jų įžvelgiama rizika, gydytojų dermatologų požiūris ir jų žinios apie šias technologijas. Nepaisant sparčios pažangos, dirbtinio intelekto taikymas kelia daug iššūkių dėl netobulų mokymosi duomenų rinkinių, etinių klausimų bei sunkumų, identifikuojant dirbtinio intelekto algoritmo sprendimo priėmimo seką. Nors dabartiniai algoritmai kone prilygsta dermatologų lygio rezultatams ir yra patvirtinti naudojimui Europos rinkoje, tačiau jie nepakeičia gydytojo, o yra pagalbinė odos vėžio diagnostikos priemonė. Trūksta duomenų apie tokių algoritmų taikymą ir jų įtaką sprendimų priėmimui realioje klinikinėje praktikoje, reikia daugiau tyrimų apie pacientų bei gydytojų perspektyvas bei požiūrį.
TINKLAINĖS VENOS TROMBOZĖ: RIZIKOS VEIKSNIAI, DIAGNOSTIKA, GYDYMAS
Authors: Savičius Donatas
Published: May 2021

Tinklainės venos trombozė – antra pagal dažnumą regos praradimo priežastis dėl tinklainės kraujagyslinių ligų, dažnumu nusileidžianti tik diabetinei retinopatijai. Tinklainės venos trombozės pasireiškimo rizika didėja su amžiumi. Tinklainės venos trombozė pasireiškia ūminiu ir dažnai negrįžtamu regos praradimu, todėl svarbu laiku diagnozuoti ir skirti tinkamą gydymą. Gydymo tikslas – komplikacijų, paveikiančių regos aštrumą, korekcija ir prevencija. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti bei aptarti įrodymais pagrįstą informaciją apie tinklainės venos trombozės rizikos veiksnius, diagnostiką ir gydymą.
COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT IMPLANT SITE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES: PIEZOSURGERY VS STANDARD DRILLING
Authors: Varoneckas Abdulla , Poška Rokas , Gelažius Rokas
Published: May 2021

Relevance of the problem. Over the years, dental implant placement has proven to be a routine and reliable procedure. Osteotomy site preparation has a significant impact on implantation success rate. Surgery using piezosurgery is used as an alternative method for osteotomy. Piezosurgery concept has proven to reduce mechanical and thermal tissue trauma. Aim. Compare clinical differences between piezosurgery (PS) and standard drilling (SD) in dental implantation. Materials and methods: A systematic review was based on the PRISMA guidelines. Search was carried out in electronic databases. Researched studies were observational, published less than 10 years ago, in English. Studies that involved immediate implantation or bone augmentation were excluded, as well as patients with metabolic bone diseases or using bisphosphonate therapy. Results. Regarding crestal bone loss, 3 out of 4 articles stated that there were no statistically significant differences between standard drilling and piezosurgery group. One study, however, disclosed that piezosurgery showed better preservation of crestal bone after 3 years. 5 studies measured primary stability and did not find any significant differences. Secondary stability, however, was significantly higher in the piezosurgery group at 2nd and 3rd months. 5 studies that measured the duration of surgeries reported longer osteotomy time for the piezosurgery group. Pain level on VAS scale, oppositely, was lower in piezosurgery group. Conclusion. In conclusion, piezosurgery can be considered as an alternative to standard drilling. In terms of success rate, crestal bone loss and primary stability, results seem to be very similar in both groups. Piezosurgery, although, seems to be advantageous achieving secondary stability and maintaining lower pain levels during the healing process.
EFFECT OF PLATELET RICH FIBRIN AS AN ADJUNCT TO BIOACTIVE GLASS COMPARED TO BIOACTIVE GLASS ALONE FOR THE TREATMENT OF INTRABONY DEFECTS IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Gangar Pankti , Benjamin Amit
Published: May 2021

Background: Platelets are the richest source for cytokine and growth factors which are two important components of regeneration and Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) has gained popularity in the past two decades. PRF and bioactive glass (BG) have shown effective results in the reduction of Probing pocket depth (PPD), Gain in clinical attachment level (CAL) and defect ll in intrabony defects. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and EbscoHost for the identication of relevant studies, till 30 September 2020 in English language. Additionally, hand search was also carried out in the relevant journals. The review protocol followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020211755). The risk of bias of the studies was independently evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: Five RCTs were included, which investigated the effects of PRF as an adjunct to bioactive glass comparing with Bioactive glass alone in the treatment of intrabony defects. In all the included studies it was found that PRF as adjunct had better results in the outcomes measured when compared with Bioactive glass alone. Conclusion: The current review has shown evidence suggesting that platelet rich brin can prove to be effective as a regenerative material, for the treatment of intrabony defects, in combination with bioactive glass.
TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS ON MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES IN 37 WEEKS OR MORE GESTATION PERIOD AT ANMMCH, GAYA, BIHAR
Authors: Chaudhary Pankaj Kumar , Chaurasia Anupam , Dwivedy Lata Shukla , Jana Debarshi
Published: May 2021

Background : Oligohydramnios is a threatening condition to maternal and fetal health. It is a clinical condition characterized by amniotic uid
index (AFI) of ≤ 5cm by sonographic assessment.
Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the maternal and fetal outcome in parturient women with oligohydramnios versus
others with normal amniotic uid, and to suggest plan of action in management of oligohydramnios women. Study design: Prospective
comparative observational.
Method : Antenatal women with gestational age 37 weeks and above and fullling inclusion criteria attending our Out Patient Department or
Labour rooms were included in the present study. Detailed antenatal history including presence of high risk factors were elicited from the patients,
then they were clinically examined and subjected to ultrasonography. purposive sample of 168 parturient women (84 study group and 84 control
group) were taken. The tools used for data collection were; a structured interview sheet, maternal assessment sheet, Partogram, and neonatal
assessment record.
Results: The results of the present study revealed that the rate of Caesarian section was signicantly higher in oligohydramnios group compared to
the control group (44.0% vs. 30.0% respectively). There was signicant increasing in FHR decelerations, low Apgar score at 5 min, low birth
weight, admission to NICU.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that an amniotic uid index of ≤ 5 cm detected after 37 completed weeks of gestation is an indicator of poor
perinatal outcome. It is recommended that determination of AFI through regular antenatal care visits can be used as an adjunct to other fetal
surveillance methods to identify those infants at risk of poor perinatal outcome
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TB MENINGITIS IN HIV+ve AND HIV-ve PATIENTS
Authors: Rana Saiyed , Sutradhar Manotosh , Sengupta Meghdeepa , Mitra Ritabrata , Chakraborty Sisir , Thakur Indranil , Jana Debarshi , Sengupta Amitabha
Published: May 2021

Aim:To study the difference in clinical presentation, baseline laboratory parameters, radiological parameters, CSF picture, response to treatment,
in-hospital outcome, nal outcome in follow up & any parameters signifying poor outcome in advance in patients of TBM both in HIV+ve& HIVve group.
Material and methods:This comparative non-randomised prospective study was conducted from 16th June,2012 to 15th June,2013 in Medical
College Hospital. Total 53 patients were referred where 23 patients had TB Meningitis with HIVand 30 patients had TB Meningitis without HIV.
Result: In our study we have found no statistically signicant differences in age distribution, and distribution of symptoms at presentation. The
classical symptoms like fever, headache, and vomiting, altered sensorium all are present in both groups and the differences are not statistically
signicant.
Conclusion:HIV+ve patients show relatively less intense reduction of CSF sugar level in relation to blood sugar level estimated
simultaneously.Two factors with high mortality are advanced stage of TB meningitis at presentation, low CD4 count.
THE EFFECT OF 'CONCERN FOR OSTEOPOROSIS' AND SELF-PERCEIVED 'RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND FRACTURE' ON ANTI-OSTEOPOROSIS BEHAVIOR OF POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Srivastava Deepali , Srivastava Sandeepa , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Sanjiv
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Osteoporosis is more prevalent in women, especially following menopause. The total affected population would have been around
35 to 40 million. Morbidity due to disease includes decreased mobility, decreased quality of life, and increased risk of mortality following an
osteoporotic fracture. The morbidity due to the disease may be decreased through diet, exercise, supplementation, and medication. The objective of
this study is to determine the effect of 'concern for osteoporosis' and self-perceived 'risk of osteoporosis and fracture' on antiosteoporosis behaviour
such as (1) calcium and vitamin D supplementation, (2) seeking medical advice, (3) undergoing bone mineral (BMD) testing, and (4) taking
antiosteoporosis medication (AOM). Material And Method:The study was conducted on women attending outpatient clinic of the Obstretics and
Gynaecology and Orthopaedics department. Patients were required to ll up the Global Longitudinal Osteoporosis in Women Questionnaire.
Enrolled patients were contacted after one year by means of telephone calls, hospital visits and home visits and data was collected for self-reported
use of supplements, self-reported seeking of medical advice regarding osteoporosis, self-reported BMD testing, and self-reported use of
antiosteoporosis medications etc. Results:Total of 1562 women were enrolled for the study out of which data of only 1000 women was analyzed at
end of one year. At the end of one year period 360 women reported use of Calcium and or Vitamin D. Table 4 depicts the association between the use
of vitamin supplementation and concern and risk perception. Concern (P=0.61), risk perception to osteoporosis (P=0.13), and risk perception to
fracture (P=0.29) were not signicantly associated with use of vitamin supplementation in the next 12 months (i.e., calcium and/or vitamin D).
Concern (p= <0.001), risk perception to osteoporosis (p=<0.001), and risk perception to fracture (p=<0.001) were signicantly associated with
women seeking medical care during the next one year. Concern (p=0.35) was not signicantly associated with undergoing BMD examination. Risk
perception to osteoporosis (p=0.03) and risk perception to fracture (p=0.03) were signicantly associated with women undergoing BMD medical
examination in one year. Concern about osteoporosis (p=0.64) was not signicantly associated with treatment with anti-osteoporotic medication.
Risk perception to osteoporosis (p=0.06) and risk perception to fracture (p=0.002) were signicantly associated with women. Conclusion:
Concern for osteoporosis is associated with likelihood of seeking medical advice. Perception of risk for Osteoporosis and fractures is positively
associated with seeking medical advice, BMD examination and AOM treatment
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 0.2% NIFEDIPINE VERSUS LATERAL SPHINCTEROTOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANAL FISSURE
Authors: Chauhan Apoorv , Shrivastava Piyush Kumar , Lahariya C.P.
Published: May 2021

Introduction:Anal ssures are longitudinal tears in the squamous epithelium of the anal canal. Anal ssures are located distal to the dentate line,
and in around 90% of cases they are located on the posterior midline. The most common pathologies of the anorectal region and can change the
quality of life as it causes patient pain and emotional stress while defecation. With a lifetime risk of 11%, anal ssure is a common problem in
routine medical care. Anal ssure is mainly treated by relaxing the spasm of the internal sphincter either by dilating the anal canal or
sphincterotomy. Reduction of spasticity of anal sphincters is the special treatment for ssure healing. For this purpose, the treatment of anal ssures
is performed by lateral sphincterotomy or by anal dilatation. Methods: Out of 100 randomly selected 50 patients with inclusion and exclusion
criteria and informed consent were treated with nifedipine ointment and 50 patients with informed consent were treated with lateral sphincterotomy
for management of anal ssure. Observations after treatment were recorded at second week, sixth week and twelfth week interval for bleeding, pain
and healing and at the twelfth week follow up was documented to analyse the result of treatment. Result: Out of 50 patients undergoing
treatment with Nifedipine ointment 42 patients healed completely. 36 patients in the nifedipine group had complaint of bleeding, after treatment
with nifedipine ointment 30 patients were relieved from bleeding while 6 were complaining of bleeding on follow up after 3 months. Patients in
lateral sphincterotomy group underwent surgery under spinal anaesthesia. In lateral sphincterotomy group, ssure healing was found in 49
(98%)out of 50 patients. In our study out of 50 patients, 48 (96%)were completely relieved from pain and 2 ( 4% ) had pain on follow up at the
end of 3 months. In our study , in the lateral sphincterotomy group 34 patients out of 50 patients were complaining of bleeding and
after surgery 32 were relieved from bleeding within 12 weeks and 2 were complaining of bleeding. Conclusion:Topical 2% nifedipine should be
given as the rst option of treatment for anal ssure. Lateral sphincterotomy, which gives better result to relieve the symptoms but require
hospitalization, should be offered to patient who present with relapse and does not respond to pharmacological treatment.
NDF of the near-zone field on a line perpendicular to the source
Authors: Pierri Rocco , Moretta Raffaele
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the problem of computing the number of degrees of freedom (NDF) of the field radiated by a strip current along all the possible lines orthogonal to the source is addressed.

As well known, the NDF is equal to the number of singular values of the radiation operator that are before a critical index at which they abrupt decay. Unfortunately, in the considered case, the solution of the associate eigenvalue problem is not known in closed-form, and this prevents us from directly evaluating the singular values of the radiation operator. To overcome this drawback, a weighted adjoint operator is exploited. The latter allows obtaining an eigenvalue problem whose solution is known in closed-form but, at the same time, it modifies the singular values behavior. However, since the change affects only the dynamics of the singular values but not the critical index at which they abrupt decay, the NDF of the radiated field can be analytically estimated by resorting to the weighted adjoint operator.
Neural Flip-Flops IV: Lamprey Locomotion
Authors: Yoder Lane
Published: May 2021

The
lamprey is one of the most ancient of extant vertebrate species. It has changed relatively little in 450
million years and is considered a prototype for all vertebrates. Its primitive nervous system has been studied
extensively, and the basic architecture of the central pattern generator (CPG)
that produces its undulatory swimming motion is well known.

Here
it is shown that each segmental component of the lamprey's CPG is a JK
flip-flop, with additional excitatory inputs and feedback that cause all of the
neurons' states to oscillate. The JK
flip-flop is the most widely used flip-flop design in modern electronic
computational systems because of its advantageous features. This is apparently the first discovery that a
known network of neurons functions as a logic circuit. The
lamprey's oscillator design is apparently new to engineering, making it an
example of neuroscience and logic circuit design informing each other.

A
simulation based on simple neuron responses to excitation and inhibition
illustrates the common period, phase relationships, and burst durations of the segmental
cells' oscillations. Simulation software
for electronic logic circuits verifies the simulated neuron responses, on vastly
different time scales. The simulation
methods presented here may aid in further study of CPG neurophysiology. The novel architecture of the oscillating JK
flip-flop may aid in the development of artificial neural network applications
such as robotics.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Makanan dengan Bahan Hasil Pertanian Masyarakat
Authors: Wijayanti Ani
Published: May 2021

Food Processing Training with Community Agricultural Products. The Sosok Peak tourist destination in the village of Bawuran has abundant natural resources in the form of Moringa plants. Until now, the community has not been able to use the Moringa plant to be used as a variety of processed products and has a resale value. This community service program aims to increase the knowledge and skills regarding the use of Moringa leaves. To train and grow an entrepreneurial spirit in the community so that it can improve the economy of the Bawuran village community. The targets of community service activity are the people of Bawuran village, Sosok Peak’s tourism manager and the merchants. The method used in this community service is carried out in several stages including identification, socialization, training and assistance. Community service has provided several benefits to the community, namely an increase in community knowledge about the benefits of Moringa and its use as well as introducing an entrepreneurial spirit. For traders, they can increase their knowledge about processing various food products that can be sold at Sosok Peak. For the tourism manager, this training can create a product image (typical food) for the Sosok Peak tourist destination
Pelatihan Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Karyawan Hotel di Masa Tatanan Normal Baru
Authors: Fajri Devy Dwi
Published: May 2021

The Training on Implementing Health Protocol of Hotel’s Employees in New Normal Era. The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) causes the decline of the hospitality sector in the Yogyakarta Special Region. All hotels’ occupancy level significantly decreases due to the number of tourist visit that is falling. This circumstance results in the temporary closure of almost all of the hotels. The closure causes the hotel employees’ laid off until an undetermined time and the deceleration of regional economic growth. However, the expectation to revive the hospitality sector appears while entering the new normal era. The hotels that were previously shut down because of the inability to cover the operational cost are now able to re-operate with the requirement of being capable to apply health protocol for preventing and controlling Covid-19 in accordance with government standard. Therefore, hotel industry players, especially the employees, are necessary to get the training on implementing health protocol in the hotel environment. It aims to meet the guests’ needs of clean, healthy, safe and environmental friendly excellent product and service. Thus, the guests’ trust can be regained and hotel sectors’ activities are able to be run well.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Masyarakat dan Identifikasi Potensi Wisata dalam Pengembangan Desa Watu Tiri Sebagai Desa Wisata
Authors: Rostini Ida Ayu , Rudiyanto Roseven
Published: May 2021

Community Capacity Building and Identification of Tourism Potential in the Development of Watu Tiri Village as a Tourism VillageThis community service activity aims to increase the capacity of the Watu Tiri Village community in the tourism sector and identify existing tourism potentials. In this activity, there are three approaches taken, including Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Community-based development, and participatory. Data collection used focus group discussion (FGD) techniques and field observations. The tourism potentials identified in this community service activity include Mberenang Beach and hot springs as natural tourism potential, while cultural potential includes the activity of weaving single for women and traditional ceremonies in Watu Tiri Village. It can be concluded that in developing Watu Tiri Village as a tourism village, assistance activities such as promotion and e-commerce training, guiding training and English language training, and improving the mitigation system in the Mberenang Beach area are still needed to improve its image
Sosialisasi Sadar Wisata Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Desa Wisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Desa Fatukoto
Authors: Nugraha Yudha Eka
Published: May 2021

Socialization of Tourism Awareness as an Effort to Develop Community-Based Rural Tourism in Fatukoto Village. Rural Tourism Development is a government program to build a village tourism system and improve community welfare. In 2019, the Ministry of Tourism collaborates with universities to build tourist villages in East Nusa Tenggara Province. One of the villages is Fatukoto Village as a pilot rural tourism that has natural potential in the form of Pine Forest, Kaenka Lake, and Fatunausus Marble Cliffs. This community service seeks to increase tourism awareness for the people of Fatukoto Village through the SAPTA PESONA approach. The method chosen in implementing this community service is community education in which there are observations, interviews, documentation, focus group discussions, and socialization. The number of participants who took part in this service activity was 30 people aged 17-50 years. The result of this community service is the formation of a tourism awareness group in Fatukoto Village and a tourism work program in Fatukoto Village such as plans for cultural activities, regulations on the cleanliness of tourist attractions, and commitment to building Fatukoto tourism villages.
Pesantren Raudhatul Jannah: Strategi Peningkatan Kemudahan Berusaha Dimasa Pandemi dengan Program-Program Pemberdayaan Keumatan
Authors: Widagda Sidiq Pramana
Published: May 2021

Pesantren Raudhatul Jannah: Strategies for Increasing Ease of Doing Business in the Pandemic Era with Public Empowerment Programs. The Tahfizh Raudhatul Jannah Islamic Boarding School is a picture of an institution that combines the spirit of education and entrepreneurship among its students. This entrepreneurial spirit also empowers the surrounding community by utilizing existing lands. This paper aims to describe the purpose and existence of the Tahfizh Raudhatul Jannah Islamic Boarding School and how the efforts of the Tahfizh Raudhatul Jannah Islamic Boarding School exploit the existing potential of halal tourism and create various efforts to empower the surrounding community. The increase in Muslim tourists from year to year is an opportunity and a challenge for the tourism sector to develop halal tourism. Halal tourism development is carried out by creating a tour package program. Tourists must take part in activities at the pesantren so that they can memorize the Koran. This program makes Islamic boarding schools the centre of the economy by carrying out various business activities, ranging from raising catfish, goats, planting oranges and bananas