bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Araújo Gabriella Bisi , Brito Ana Paula Santos Oliveira , Mainardi Carolina Ribeiro , Martins Neto Eduardo dos Santos , Centeno Deborah Marques , Brito Marcus Vinicius Henriques
Published: September 2018

Purpopse: This study aimed to verify, through review of 200 medical charts, the epidemiological factors of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, linked to a private clinic in Belém, Pará. Methods: It was performed the random review of 200 medical records. Were included in the survey: ages between 21 and 70; obese patients, or BMI greater than or equal to 40 kg/m2 with or without co-morbidities, or greater than or equal to 35Kg/m2 with comorbidities, who underwent bariatric surgery. Results: The results were an average age of 35 years (third decade of life - 41.5%), predominantly female (81%), white (70.5%), married (64%), graduated professionals (36%), sedentary (83%), alcoholism (58%), score BMI of 45.10 kg/m2 (morbid obesity - 65.5%), education level of third degree (91.5%) and, on the origins, the 200 patients (100%) were natural of the Pará state. Arterial hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (68%), followed by arthropathies (46%), dyspnea on exertions (43.5%), diabetes mellitus (41.5%) and depression (35%). Conclusion: The profile of the operated patients was of women in the third decade of life, white, married, with complete university education, sedentary, alcohol consumers, morbidly obese and born at the state of Pará, being the most frequent comorbidity arterial hypertension.
Aerosol-induced changes in the vertical structure of precipitation: a perspective of TRMM precipitation radar
Authors: Guo Jianping , Liu Huan , Li Zhanqing , Rosenfeld Daniel , Jiang Mengjiao , Xu Weixin , Jiang Jonathan H. , He Jing , Chen Dandan , Min Min , Zhai Panmao
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Our knowledge is still poor regarding the response of the precipitation vertical
structure to aerosols, partly due to the ignorance of precipitation occurring
at different spatial scales. A total of 6 years of collocated ground-based PM10
and satellite-based (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) radar data, along with ERA-Interim reanalysis, are
used in this study to investigate the aerosol effects on three localized rain
regimes (shallow, stratiform, and convective rain) over the Pearl River Delta
region of China. A subjective analysis method is proposed to discriminate
between the localized and synoptic-scale precipitations based on weather
composite charts where daily averaged wind field at 850 hPa is overlaid with
the geopotential height at 500 hPa. In general, average rain rate tends to be
greater under polluted conditions than under clean conditions. But such
potential aerosol effects are regime dependent: as the atmosphere becomes
slightly polluted (PM10≤38 µg m−3), the top 1 % radar reflectivity (Z) for all regimes
initially increases, followed by continued increases and weak decreases for
convective and stratiform/shallow rain regimes, respectively. As the
atmosphere becomes much more polluted, such regime dependences of aerosol
effects are more significant. From a perspective of the vertical Z structure,
comparisons between polluted conditions (days with the highest third of
PM10 concentration) and clean conditions (days with the lowest third of
PM10 concentration) show that the convective rain regime exhibits a deeper
and stronger Z pattern, whereas a much shallower and weaker Z pattern is
observed for stratiform and shallow precipitation regimes. In particular, the
top height of the 30 dBZ rain echo increases by ∼29 %
(∼1.27 km) for the convective regime, but decreases by
∼10.8 % (∼0.47 km) for the stratiform regime.
However, no noticeable changes are observed for the shallow precipitation regime.
Impacts of meteorological factors are further studied on both rain top height
(RTH) and the center of gravity of Z, including vertical velocity, vertical wind
shear, convection available potential energy, and vertically integrated
moisture flux divergence (MFD). The possible invigoration effect on convective
precipitation seems dependent on wind shear, in good agreement with previous
findings. Overall, the observed dependence of the precipitation vertical
structure on ground-based PM10 supports the notion of aerosol
invigoration or suppression effect on cold or warm rain and adds new insights into
the nature of the complex interactions between aerosol and various localized
precipitation regimes.
X-band dual-polarization radar-based hydrometeor classification for Brazilian tropical precipitation systems
Authors: Ribaud Jean-François , Machado Luiz A. T. , Biscaro Thiago
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The dominant hydrometeor types associated with Brazilian tropical precipitation systems are identified via research X-band dual-polarization radar deployed in the vicinity of the Manaus region (Amazonas) during both the GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA field experiments. The present study is based on an Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) approach that makes use of dual polarimetric radar observables (reflectivity at horizontal polarization ZH, differential reflectivity ZDR, specific differential phase KDP, and correlation coefficient ρHV) and temperature data inferred from sounding balloons. The sensitivity of the agglomerative clustering scheme for measuring the inter-cluster dissimilarities (linkage criterion) is evaluated through the wet season dataset. Both the weighted and Ward linkages exhibit better abilities to retrieve cloud microphysical species, whereas clustering outputs associated with the centroid linkage are poorly defined. The AHC method is then applied to investigate the microphysical structure of both the wet and dry seasons. The stratiform regions are composed of five hydrometeor classes: drizzle, rain, wet snow, aggregates, and ice crystals, whereas convective echoes are generally associated with light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, graupels, aggregates and ice crystals. The main discrepancy between the wet and dry seasons is the presence of both low- and high-density graupels within convective regions, whereas the rainy period exhibits only one type of graupel. Finally, aggregate and ice crystal hydrometeors in the tropics are found to exhibit higher polarimetric values compared to those at mid-latitudes.
Characterization of atmospheric aerosol optical properties based on
the combined use of a ground-based Raman lidar and an airborne
optical particle counter in the framework of the Hydrological Cycle
in the Mediterranean Experiment – Special Observation Period 1
Authors: Stelitano Dario , Di Girolamo Paolo , Scoccione Andrea , Summa Donato , Cacciani Marco
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Vertical profiles of particle backscattering coefficient at 355, 532 and 1064 nm measured by the lidar Raman system BASIL have been compared with simulated particle backscatter profiles obtained through a Mie scattering code based on the use of simultaneous and almost co-located profiles provided by an air-borne optical particle counter. Measurements were carried out during dedicated flights of the French research aircraft ATR42 in the frame of the European Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) Project WaLiTemp, as part of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment – Special Observation Period 1 (HyMeX-SOP1). Results from two selected case studies are reported and discussed in the paper and two slightly different analysis approaches are illustrated and applied to the dataset. Results reveal a good agreement between measured and simulated multi-wavelength particle backscattering profiles. Specifically, simulated and measured particle backscattering profiles at 355 and 532 nm are found to deviate less than 15 % (mean value = 7 %) and 50 % (mean value = 30 %), respectively, when considering the presence of a Continental/Urban aerosol component. Reported results reveal a good agreement between measured and simulated multi-wavelength particle backscatter profiles, which ultimately testifies lidar ability to infer the aerosol type from these measurements.
Technical note: A simple and cost-efficient automated floating chamber for continuous measurements of carbon dioxide gas flux on lakes
Authors: Martinsen Kenneth Thorø , Kragh Theis , Sand-Jensen Kaj
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Freshwaters emit significant amounts of CO2 on a global scale.
However, emissions remain poorly constrained from the diverse range of
aquatic systems. The drivers and regulators of CO2 gas flux from
standing waters require further investigation to improve knowledge on both
global-scale estimates and system-scale carbon balances. Often,
lake–atmosphere gas fluxes are estimated from empirical models of gas
transfer velocity and air–water concentration gradient. Direct
quantification of the gas flux circumvents the uncertainty associated with
the use of empirical models from contrasting systems. Existing methods to
measure CO2 gas flux are often expensive (e.g. eddy covariance) or
require a high workload in order to overcome the limitations of single point
measurements using floating chambers. We added a small air pump, a timer and
an exterior tube to ventilate the floating chamber headspace and passively
regulate excess air pressure. By automating evacuation of the chamber
headspace, continuous measurements of lake CO2 gas flux can be
obtained with minimal effort. We present the chamber modifications and an
example of operation from a small forest lake. The modified floating chamber
performed well in the field and enabled continuous measurements of
CO2 gas flux with 40 min intervals. Combining the direct
measurements of gas flux with measurements of air and waterside CO2
partial pressure also enabled calculation of gas exchange velocity. Building
and using the floating chamber is straightforward. However, because an air
pump is used to restart measurements by thinning the chamber headspace with
atmospheric air, the duration of the air pump pause–pulse cycle is critical
and should be adjusted depending on system characteristics. This may result
in shorter deployment duration, but this restriction can be circumvented by
providing a stronger power source. The simple design makes modifications of
the chamber dimensions and technical additions for particular applications
and systems easy. This should make this approach to measuring gas flux
flexible and appropriate in a wide range of different systems.
Disequilibrium of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget caused by disturbance-induced emissions and non-CO2 carbon export flows: a global model assessment
Authors: Ito Akihiko
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The global carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems is chiefly determined by major flows of carbon dioxide (CO2) such as photosynthesis and respiration, but various minor flows exert considerable influence by reducing carbon stocks and accelerating turnover. This study assessed the effects of eight minor carbon flows on the terrestrial carbon budget using a process-based model, the Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases (VISIT), which also included non-CO2 carbon flows, such as CH4 and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and subsurface carbon exports and disturbances such as biomass burning, land-use changes, and harvest activities. In the historical period of 1901–2016, the VISIT simulation indicated that the minor flows substantially influenced terrestrial carbon stocks, flows, and budgets. The simulations without and with minor flows estimated mean net ecosystem production in the 2000s as 3.04 ± 1.0 Pg C yr−1 and 4.94 ± 0.9 Pg C yr−1, respectively. Including minor carbon flows yielded an estimated net biome production of 2.19 ± 1.0 Pg C yr−1. Biomass burning, wood harvest, export of organic carbon by erosion, and BVOC emissions had impacts on the global terrestrial carbon budget amounting to around 1 Pg C yr−1 with specific interannual variability. After including the minor flows, ecosystem carbon storage was suppressed by about 280 Pg C, and its mean residence time was shortened by about 1.5 yr. The minor flows occur heterogeneously over the land, such that isoprene emission, subsurface export, and wood harvest occur mainly in the tropics and biomass burning occurs extensively in boreal forests. These minor flows differ in their decadal trends, due to differences in their driving factors. Aggregating the simulation results by cropland fraction and annual precipitation yielded more insight into the contributions of these minor flows to the terrestrial carbon budget. This study estimated uncertainties in the estimation of these flows through parameter ensemble simulations and sensitivity simulations, and the results have implications for observation, modeling, and synthesis of the global carbon cycle.
NETWORK MODELLING AND SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS: TESTING THE MATURITY OF THE UTILITY NETWORK ADE FOR CITYGML WITH A WATER NETWORK TEST CASE
Authors: Boates I. , Agugiaro G. , Nichersu A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Recent advances in semantic 3D city modelling and a demand from utility network operators for multi-utility data models integration have contributed to the emergence of an open Application Domain Extension (ADE) of the CityGML data model tailored to multiple types of utility networks. This extension, called the Utility Network ADE, is still in active development. However, work is already well underway to create data samples and to develop methods of modelling thereupon. In this paper, a mapping of the Utility Network ADE data model to a relational database schema is introduced. A sample of a freshwater network using the Utility Network ADE and based on data from the city of Nanaimo, Canada, is also presented. This sample has also been imported into a relational database schema built upon the 3DCityDB (a database implementation of CityGML) extended with a schema of the Utility Network ADE. Further to this, a series of basic network analysis functions have been defined and implemented in SQL to interact with the database so as to carry out sample atomic processes involved in network modelling, such as reading semantic properties of elements, calculating composite physical parameters of the network as a whole, and performing simple topological routing to serve as a guiding example for further and more complex development. A brief outlook is also presented, suggesting areas with high potential for future research and development of this nascent data model.
3D GEOSPATIAL INDOOR NAVIGATION FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RESPONSE IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ghawana T. , Aleksandrov M. , Zlatanova S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Disaster management for urban environments with complex structures requires 3D extensions of indoor applications to support better risk reduction and response strategies. The paper highlights the need for assessment and explores the role of 3D geospatial information and modeling regarding the indoor structure and navigational routes which can be utilized as disaster risk reduction and response strategy. The reviewed models or methods are analysed testing parameters in the context of indoor risk and disaster management. These parameters are level of detail, connection to outdoor, spatial model and network, handling constraints. 3D reconstruction of indoors requires the structural data to be collected in a feasible manner with sufficient details. Defining the indoor space along with obstacles is important for navigation. Readily available technologies embedded in smartphones allow development of mobile applications for data collection, visualization and navigation enabling access by masses at low cost. The paper concludes with recommendations for 3D modeling, navigation and visualization of data using readily available smartphone technologies, drones as well as advanced robotics for Disaster Management.
MIGRATION OF DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY TO CITYGML; A WEB-BASED TOOL FOR SUPPORTING SIMPLE ETL PROCEDURES
Authors: Fissore F. , Pirotti F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Digital cartography is notably produced in all countries, in different scales and formats. Latest cartographic production aims at creating 3D objects with topological consistency and rich information linked by attribute tables, i.e. the principles behind data to be managed in geographic information systems (GIS) environments. These data contain all the information necessary for production of the first levels of detail (LOD) of the CityGML model. The work presented reports on the first steps for a guided workflow to upload cartographic data containing building footprints, heights and other information, and migrating it to a validated CityGML model. The steps include a web-portal for uploading the data in a compressed archive containing shapefiles, and a back-end Python script that reads coordinate vertices, attributes and other necessary information, and creates a CityGML file. The process was tested on the Italian topographic geodatabase of some of the main cities of Italy. Discussion on workflow steps and results are presented. Results show that this process is feasible and it can be used to facilitate first tests on transforming existing cartography to CityGML models, which can be then used for further analysis.
A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK FOR FINE SCALE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS
Authors: Ji Q. , Barr S. , James P. , Fairbairn D.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Understanding the spatial connectivity of urban infrastructure networks that connect assets to buildings is important for the fine-scale spatial analysis and modelling of the resource flows within cities. However, rarely are spatially explicit representations of infrastructure networks available for such analysis. Further, an appropriate database system is the core of development of an infrastructure assets information and management platform, capable of handling the wide range of data for infrastructure system modelling and analysis. In this paper, we develop a geospatial simulation and analysis framework, which is capable of generating fine-scale urban infrastructure networks and storing the network instances in a hybrid database system for further modelling and analysis needs. We demonstrate the use of this platform by simulating the entire-city electricity distribution network for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. Validation of the resulting network is performed using the network layout diagram from the local power company. The heuristically derived network was found to have a 91 % spatial accuracy.
TOWARDS A SCALE DEPENDENT FRAMEWORK FOR CREATING VARIO-SCALE MAPS
Authors: Meijers M. , van Oosterom P. , Šuba R. , Peng D.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Traditionally, the content for vario-scale maps has been created using a ‘one fits all’ approach equal for all scales. Initially only the delete/merge operation was used to create the vario-scale data using the importance and the compatibility functions defined at class level (and evaluated at instance level) to create the tGAP structure with planar partition as basis. In order to improve the generalization quality other operators and techniques have been added during the past years; e.g. simplify, collapse (change area to line representation), split, attractiveness regions and the introduction of the concept of linear network topology. However, the decision which operation to apply has been hard coded in our software, making it not very flexible. Further, we want to include awareness of the current scale when deciding what generalization operation to apply. For this purpose we propose the scale dependent framework (SDF), which at its core contains the encoding of the generalization knowledge in the SDF conceptual model. This SDF model covers the representation of scale dependent class importance, scale dependent class compatibility values, scale dependent attractiveness regions and last but not least specification of generalization operations that are scale and class dependent. By changing the settings in the SDF configuration and re-running the vario-scale generalization process, we can easily experiment in order to find best settings (for specific map user needs). In this paper we design the SDF conceptual model and explicitly motivate and define the scope of its expressiveness. We further present the improved scale dependent tGAP creation software and present initial results in the form of better created vario-scale map content.
A MULTI-COMPONENT SYSTEM FOR DATA ACQUISITION AND VISUALIZATION IN THE GEOSCIENCES BASED ON UAVS, AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Bernardes S. , Madden M. , Knight A. , Neel N. , Morgan N. , Cameron K. , Knox J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this age of computer gaming, portable device video and high definition entertainment, students are exposed to sophisticated graphics and virtual reality every day. As a result, students arrive at universities with a high level of expectation and experience in visualization and 3D graphics. Traditional materials for education and outreach rely predominantly on two-dimensional displays of maps, photographs, data graphs/histograms and conceptual diagrams. Advances in geospatial technologies, including unmanned aerial systems and virtual/ augmented reality devices can be used to enhance and innovate instructional materials in classrooms from pre-K to graduate degree programs. This work reports on these technologies and the integration of the 3D Immersion and Geovisualization (3DIG) system at the Center for Geospatial Research at the University of Georgia, USA. We present system components, lessons learned during design and implementation of the system, and the incorporation of 3DIG into teaching, learning and research. Data flow is used as a multi-component system integrator and shows how interconnected and complementary technologies can provide hands-on and immersive experiential learning to students in the geosciences. System evaluation shows increased student interest/engagement and indicates that 3DIG facilitates the understanding of complex concepts.
INDOOR MESH CLASSIFICATION FOR BIM
Authors: Runceanu L. S. , Haala N.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This work addresses the automatic reconstruction of objects useful for BIM, like walls, floors and ceilings, from meshed and textured mapped 3D point clouds of indoor scenes. For this reason, we focus on the semantic segmentation of 3D indoor meshes as the initial step for the automatic generation of BIM models. Our investigations are based on the benchmark dataset ScanNet, which aims at the interpretation of 3D indoor scenes. For this purpose it provides 3D meshed representations as collected from low cost range cameras. In our opinion such RGB-D data has a great potential for the automated reconstruction of BIM objects.
Coherent large beamwidth processing of radio-echo sounding data
Authors: Heister Anton , Scheiber Rolf
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Coherent processing of radio-echo sounding data of polar ice sheets is known to provide an indication of bedrock properties and detection of internal layers. We investigate the benefits of coherent processing of a large azimuth beamwidth to retrieve and characterize the orientation and angular backscattering properties of the surface and subsurface features. MCRDS data acquired over two distinct test areas in Greenland are used to demonstrate the specular backscattering properties of the ice surface and of the internal layers, as well as the much wider angular response of the bedrock. The coupling of internal layers' orientation with the bed topography is shown to increase with depth. Spectral filtering can be used to increase the SNR of the internal layers and mitigate the surface multiple. The variance of the bed backscattering can be used to characterize the bed return specularity. The use of the SAR-focused RES data ensures the correct azimuth positioning of the internal layers for the subsequent slope estimation.
Risk of Serum Sodium Overcorrection with V2 Antagonists in SIADH and Other High Risk Patients
Authors: Kamgar Mohammad , Hanna Ramy M. , Hasnain Huma , Khalil Daniel , Wilson James M.
Published: September 2018

Hyponatremia is a complex process caused by dysregulation of total body sodium and total body water that can be seen in hypovolemic, euvolemic, and hypervolemic states. Rapid correction of hyponatremia can also lead to serious complications. The development of V2 antagonists, such as tolvaptan, has changed and simplified the management of dilutional hyponatremia by allowing the targeting of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) action and blocking its effect on the V2 receptor. This will decrease the synthesis and relocation of aquaporin 2 to the cortical collecting duct apical membrane. Tolvaptan is approved to be used in euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia, specifically in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and heart failure. The SALT-1 and SALT-2 studies suggested a starting dose of 15 mg of tolvaptan based on pharmacokinetic data, and while this is an effective dose, multiple studies have shown that patients can overcorrect with this starting dose. At least 1 case of osmotic demyelination – the dreaded complication of overly rapid hyponatremia correction – has been observed with tolvaptan use. While strategies for rapid attenuation of this overcorrection exist, and are discussed, starting tolvaptan at a lower dose of 7.5 mg initially and up-titrating even within the first day is another strategy that can avoid overcorrection. This was noted to be especially important in cases of hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. We note that this approach can more slowly correct the hyponatremia with less attendant neurological risks than the currently recommended minimum starting dose of tolvaptan.
AKI in Multiple Myeloma: Paraproteins, Metabolic Disturbances, and Drug Toxicity
Authors: Shah Mamta , Perazella Mark A.
Published: September 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma and is due predominantly to paraprotein-mediated nephrotoxicity. AKI occurs in myeloma patients due to a number of causes, including prerenal azotemia, metabolic nephrotoxicity from hypercalcemia and tumor lysis syndrome, proximal tubular injury, cast nephropathy, and drug-related nephrotoxicity. Importantly, AKI may develop in patients with known multiple myeloma or as an initial manifestation of this monoclonal disease. Diagnostic work-up includes the demonstration of monoclonal proteins, the search for the underlying B-cell clone, and a kidney biopsy, in many instances. Myeloma management involves treatment with chemotherapeutic agents to rapidly lower light chain levels, along with supportive measures that optimize volume status, correct metabolic disturbances, reduce proteinuria, and minimize nephrotoxin exposure. Extracorporeal therapies, such as plasma exchange and high-cutoff hemodialysis, have been employed, but their utility remain uncertain. The presence of AKI in myeloma patients appears to be associated with a higher mortality. Partial and full renal recovery are associated with better survival.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SPECTRA BY THE VORTEX METHOD WITH ARTIFICIAL TURBULENCE
Authors: Ogami Y. , Nishiwaki K. , Yoshihara Y.
Published: September 2018

First, in order to use as an inlet condition for turbulent simulation, a method is presented
which produces numerically an artificial turbulence, namely, a series of velocity fluctuations
of which frequency is Gaussian, and energy spectrum and root mean square correspond to
the given ones. Besides, the fluctuation data are determined by the characteristic parameters
of turbulent flows such as the inlet mean velocity, the kinematic viscosity, the Kolmogorov
scale and the integral time scale. Our examples show excellent accuracy and flexibility of
the method. Secondly, the vortex method has been studied to see the ability of the method
to deal with turbulent flows. It is found that the energy spectra produced by this agree well
with the ones given as the inlet condition, and that the vortex method is able to produce
turbulent flows with the given parameters described above.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NEW MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR INCREASING GAS TURBINES EFFICIENCY
Authors: Souza F. A. , Bastos F. M. , Jorge P. R. M.
Published: September 2018

This study shows the effects of new materials for gas turbines and techniques for blade
coating. The implication on temperature limits of combustion chambers and consequently
on high efficiency is also analyzed.
UNCERTAINTY IN STATIC PRESSURE CORRECTION IN A SUBSONIC WIND TUNNEL
Authors: Reis M. L. C. C. , Mello O. A. F. , Chisaki M.
Published: September 2018

The static pressure p on the subsonic Wind Tunnel of the Aerodynamic Testing Laboratory
of the Institute of Aeronautics and Space  IAE, Aerospace Technical Center  CTA, is
measured using an absolute pressure sensor, located on the upper test section wall. This
measurement is not taken at the same location as the one where the model is mounted
during the actual wind tunnel test. This fact raises the need for a correction during data
reduction. The identification and evaluation of the associated error source is important
because the static pressure is an input quantity for the calculation of the total pressure pt,
Mach number M and density ρ during the test. The present paper is concerned with the
determination of the relationship between the static pressure measured on the tunnels
upper wall and that at the model location, and with the analysis of the uncertainty
propagation for the measured flow parameters.
AIR VELOCITY PROFILES IN AIR BLAST FREEZERS FILLED WITH BOXES OF FRUIT PULP MODELS
Authors: Resende J.V. , Silveira Jr. V.
Published: September 2018

The changes in the air velocities caused by the resistance for the air flow due to fruit pulp
model packaged (100 grams) and conditioned in multi layers boxes during freezing process
were evaluated and air flow rate were estimated using a method of treatment of the
experimental data. The air velocities were measured before the air pass through the pillage
of multi layer boxes in the air stream. For the measurements processing was used a non
linear regression routine. Air flow rate measured by the present method resulted of the
numerical integration of air velocities adjusted profile. Results presented a relative
difference 10 % higher than the standard average procedure, which consists in averaging
the air velocity measurements performed at each point of the section. In the same fan
operation conditions, the results shown for the 7 layers arrays of product in the boxes
which the air velocity was 62% lower than the 3 layers arrays and 50.9 % lower than the
5 layers arrays of product. These results were proportional to the bulk area for the air flow.
AN EXPLICIT CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR PLANE AND AXISYMMETRIC STEADY FLOWS WITH VISCOELASTIC EFFECTS
Authors: Thompson R. L. , Souza Mendes P. R.
Published: September 2018

Non-Newtonian materials respond differently when submitted to shear or extension. A
constitutive equation in which the stress is a function of both the rate of deformation and
on the type of the flow is proposed and analyzed theoretically. It combines information
obtained in shear, extension and rigid body motion in all regions of complex flow. The
analysis has shown how to insert some elastic effects in a constitutive equation that depends
only on the present time and position. One advantage of the model is that all the steady
rheological functions in simple shear flow and in extensional flow are predicted exactly.
Another important property that is included is the split of the extensional viscosity in two
parts: one dissipative part that is related to the shear viscosity and an elastic part that is
related to the first and second normal stress coefficients in shear. A discussion involving
the dimensionless numbers that relate elastic and viscosity effects is also given.
FLOW STRUCTURE IN THE HORIZONTAL SLUG FLOW
Authors: Rosa E. S.
Published: September 2018

Successions of long gas bubbles and liquid slugs form the so-called slug flow
pattern in a gas-liquid flow. A unit cell encompassing one gas bubble and one
liquid slug characterizes this alternating gas-liquid flow. The kinematic and
dynamic flow mechanisms responsible for the interactions between the successive
unit cells are still an open question. Inside this context, this work addresses
specifically to the bubble velocity, the bubble to bubble interactions and the
entrance mechanisms. Within an experimental framework the spatial evolution of
each unit cell structure is individualized during the acquisition period. The
experimental apparatus consisted of a 23.4 m long transparent Plexiglas pipe,
26mm ID, which means a total relative length of 900 free diameters. The air and
water were mixed at the inlet of the test section and discharged into a collecting
tank open to the atmosphere. The instantaneous measurements of the flow structure
were made with double-wire conductive probes. The probes were installed in
four measuring stations; each station had two probes slightly apart. The measuring
stations were located at 127D, 273D, 506D e 777D from the mixer. The
experimental database is further processed to give rise to histograms and
correlations among flow variables
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER USING THE VORTEX METHOD
Authors: Guedes V. G . , Bodstein G . C. R. , Hirata M. H.
Published: September 2018

The study of external incompressible flows around bluff bodies finds extensive applicability
to real-life problems. Such flows are characterized by unsteady flow separation for high
values of the Reynolds number, where a Von Karman-type periodic wake is formed. The
prediction of these flows is very difficult, and one has usually to rely on specific
experimental data to calculate the aerodynamic forces on the body. In order to numerically
simulate this flow, this paper uses a new mesh-free two-dimensional Discrete Vortex Method
associated with a Panel Method to calculate the lift and drag coefficients, as well as the
pressure coefficient on a square cylinder, for a high Reynolds number flow. Lamb vortices
are generated along the cylinder surface, whose strengths are determined to ensure that
the no-slip condition is satisfied and that circulation is conserved. The impermeability
condition is imposed through a source panel method, so that mass conservation is explicitly
enforced. The dynamics of the body wake is computed using the convection-diffusion
splitting algorithm, where the diffusion process is simulated using the random walk method,
and the convection process is carried out with a lagrangian second-order time-marching
scheme. Results for the aerodynamic forces and pressure distribution are presented.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF LARGE EDDY SIMULATIONS OF A HYDROCYCLONE
Authors: Souza F. J. , Silveira Neto A.
Published: September 2018

Subgrid-scale modeling, which characterizes Large Eddy Simulation (LES), has been used
to predict the behavior of a water-fed hydrocyclone operating without an air core. The
governing equations were solved by a fractional step method on a staggered grid. The
Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model was employed to account for turbulent effects. Numerical
results actually capture the main features of the flow pattern and agree reasonably well
with experiments, suggesting that LES represents an interesting alternative to classical
turbulence models when applied to the numerical solution of fluid flows within
hydrocyclones.
CHARACTERIZATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS OF ADSORBED SILICAGEL/WATER BED ACCORDING TO DUBININASTAKHOV AND FREUNDLICH
Authors: Afonso M. R. A. , Silveira Jr. V.
Published: September 2018

Systems of adsorption have been studied as an alternative for the cooling systems for saving
electrical energy. The main advantage is the heat as the driving sources, for example, hot
water or waste heat, widely used in the industries, and solar energy. The pair adsorbent/
adsorbate determines the behavior of these systems. Therefore, the knowledge of the
equilibrium conditions between the adsorbent and the adsorbate is very important. The pair
silica gel/water has the advantage of exploiting low-temperature heat sources. In this paper,
the equilibrium conditions of the pair silica gel/water were investigated and the data were
used to identify the coefficients of Dubinin-Astakhov equation and Freundlich equation.
The experiments consisted of measuring temperature and pressure for different adsorbed
mass of water in the adsorbent (silica gel). The amount of adsorbed mass (kg) per adsorbent
mass (kg) used were: 0.007, 0.013, 0.024, 0.047, 0.092, 0.162 and 0.209. Both equations
showed good agreement with experimental data, the coefficients of regression (R2) were
0.991 on the Dubinin-Astakhov equation and 0.993 for the Freundlich equation.
EVALUATION OF ACCIDENTS WITH DOMINO EFFECT IN LPG STORAGE AREAS
Authors: Alencar J. R. B. , Barbosa R. A. P. , De Souza Jr. M. B.
Published: September 2018

The term domino effect denotes a chain of accidents, or situations, in which a fire/explosion
load generated by an accident in one unit in an industry causes secondary and higher order
accidents in other units. Such chains of accidents have a greater propensity to cause damage
than stand-alone accidents. Most of the past risk assessment studies deal with accident in
a single industry, more so in one of the units of an industry. But, often, accident in one unit
causes a secondary accident in a nearby unit, which in turn may trigger a tertiary accident,
and so on. The probability of occurrence and adverse impacts of such domino or
cascading effects are increasing due to increasing congestion in industrial complexes
and increasing density of human population around such complexes. Accidents with domino
effect are seldom studied. LPG storage areas could produce the worst possible consequences
in the event of an unforeseen incident. This work illustrates the application of models to
evaluate the impacts of events with fire and explosion in LPG tanks on other similar units
in the park and the possibility of occurrence of a domino effect. The criteria for occurrence
of accidents with domino effect adopted in this work were 37.5 kW/m2 in case of fire
radiation and an overpressure of 0.7 atm in explosion cases in a receptor body. The spacing
between LPG tanks was evaluated. The results show that such spacing is minimal and
does not represent, as it should, a parameter indicating a safe distance able to prevent the
propagation of an accident with domino effect.
DRYING STUDY OF EUCALYTPTUS STAIGERIANA LEAVES BY MONITORING THE HUMIDITY OF THE DRYER DISCHARGE
Authors: Braga N. P. , Starquit A. , Cremasco M. A. , Brito J. O.
Published: September 2018

The drying phenomenon can be treated as simultaneous heat and mass transfer in both the
light and heavy phases. In the present case, the phenomenons evolution is normally
observed through the heating of and moisture removal from the heavy phase. On the other
hand, while the material is heating, the light phase is cooling and humidifying. The goal
of the present work is to present discharge air humidification curves as a function of the
drying time for Eucalyptus staigeriana leaves drying experiments. For the air humidification
measurements, a dry bulb thermocouple and relative humidity transducer were installed
at both the dryer inlet and outlet. The dryer was linked to a data acquisition system, which
recorded the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity with time. These data were
later used to calculate the air moisture content at the dryer inlet and outlet. The data obtained
by this methodology are compared with the ones from drying kinetic (moisture content
removing of the heavy phase along time), acquired by the evolution of wet material weight
through the use of an analytical scale.
REDUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE WITH CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PEAT
Authors: Schultz E. L. , Moreira R. F. P. M. , José H. J.
Published: September 2018

The direct NO reduction to produce N2 and CO2 using carbonaceous materials, chars and
activated carbons, was studied. Chars were prepared from peat by pyrolysis, at temperatures
ranging from 873 K to 1073 K. Activated carbons were prepared by the physical activation
of chars with steam, in a steel reactor, at 1073 K for 12 minutes, 25 minutes and 45
minutes. The kinetics of NO reduction using chars and activated carbons produced at
different experimental conditions were evaluated at different temperatures in the range
623-723 K. The gaseous products were essentially CO2 and N2 and the amount of CO
produced was negligible. The effect of the temperature on the kinetics of reduction was
also evaluated and the relationship between the rate constant and the temperature showed
an Arrhenius dependence. Activation energies of the NO reduction were in the range 6.75
to 7.97 kcal.mol-1 for the chars and in the range 8.14 to 9.52 kcal.mol-1 for the activated
carbons.
SIMULATION OF THE TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF A PECTIN SOLUTION IN A PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER: A NON-LINEAR SYSTEM APPROACH FOR CONTROL
Authors: Scariot M. R. , Berto M. I. , Silveira V.
Published: September 2018

Experimental measurement can be made only of inlet and outlet global temperature of
plate heat exchanger (PHE), therefore the temperature profile along of a PHE is hardly
ever known. The goal of this work was to evaluate the influence of a non-Newtonian
behavior of pectin solution in the temperature response curves along of the PHE. The
results were obtained using a simulation codified in Matlab 6.1 software. The response
curves resulted from the simulations were fitted to models for identification and
characterization of the system linearity. The result shows a clear non-linear behavior of
the response curves along the PHE.
HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM TO THE SYNTHESIS OF OPTIMAL HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORKS
Authors: Ravagnani M. A. S. S. , Silva A . P. , Constantino A. A.
Published: September 2018

In this paper a new systematic is proposed, interfacing Pinch Analysis and Genetic
Algorithms (GA). Initially the optimal ∆Tmin is found by using a genetic algorithm. In a
second step, with the optimal ∆Tmin, the pinch point is obtained, and the problem is divided
in two regions, below and above it. The optimal HEN is obtained for each side of the
pinch and the final HEN is achieved. An example from the literature was solved using the
proposed systematic. Results show the applicability of the proposed methodology, obtaining
a cost value lower than those presented in the literature.
EMISSION AND ATMOSPHERIC IMPACT OF A CUBAN REFINERY
Authors: Colás J. A. , Díaz M. , Álvarez O. , Teuteló R.
Published: September 2018

In the processes of an oil refinery, considerable emissions of atmospheric pollutants are
generated that produces hazard to mans health and the environment. In this study, the
obtained results of the characterization of the gaseous emissions by chimneys of the furnaces
and boilers of the refinery are presented. The sampling and analysis of SO2, NOX, CO,
total suspended particles, and flow measurements were carried out. The aromatic
hydrocarbons were determined by UV Spectroscopy. The model of dispersion of pollutants
emitted by chimneys was executed using the software for the calculation of the gas
concentration from continuous industrial sources following the methodology approved in
the Cuban standards, according to the Berliand Model. We conclude that the combustion
processes of the Refinery reflect a fault, given the particles emissions. The emissions of
the furnaces and boilers exert negative impact or pressure on the atmospheric environment
in the area.
EFFECT OF OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION IN THE APPLE (Pyrus malus) VARIETIES GALA, GOLD AND FUJI
Authors: Moura C. P. , Masson M. L. , Yamamoto C. I.
Published: September 2018

Some raw material characteristics were evaluated in three apple varieties Gala, Gold and
Fuji. The study was undertaken to collect information in order to identify the effects of
initial tissue properties on mass transport phenomena in general, and osmotic processing
responses in particular. The apples, obtained from the local market, were washed, peeled
and cut into 10 mm cube. After this, the samples were dehydrated in sugar osmotic solution
(50% w/w) at 30°C and 110 rpm of agitation. The ratio of foodstuff to osmotic solution
was greater than 1:20. The mass transfer kinetics was measured in intervals of 20 minutes
during 3 hours. The mass transfer kinetics of the different apple varieties has presented
different behavior during the osmotic dehydration. The apples vs. Gala have presented the
highest water loss and solid gain. The vs. Gold presented a lower tendency to solid uptake.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THERMOELECTRIC PLANT OF COMBINED CYCLES AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Authors: Mitre J. F. , Lacerda A. I. , De Lacerda R. F.
Published: September 2018

The impact any power plant has upon the environment must be minimized as much as
possible. Due to its high efficiency, low emission levels and low cooling requirements,
combined cycle plants are considered to be environmentally friendly. This study evaluates
the effect of operational conditions on pollutants (CO, CO2, SOx, NOx) emissions levels,
waste-heat and wastewater of a combined-cycle natural gas and steam power plant. The
HYSYS process simulation was used for modelling and simulation. The study clearly
shows that the absolute quantity of pollutants emitted is high. Also, it was possible to
verify that the unit operate in the condition of minimal emissions regarding the maximum
possible, and thus a reduction or elimination of such pollutants is not possible.
ANALYSIS OF TUBE BUNDLE HEAT TRANSFER TO VERTICAL FOAM FLOW
Authors: Gylys J. , Sinkunas S. , Zdankus T.
Published: September 2018

Phenomena of foam flow and associated heat transfer are rather complex. Foam is a twophase flow, which structure changes while it passes an obstacle: bubbles divide into smaller bubbles and liquid drains down from flow. Due to these peculiarities, an application of analytical methods for their study is a complex subject. Thus experimental method of investigation was selected in our work. The investigation apparatus consisted of foam generator, vertical channel and staggered bank of horizontal tubes. The cross section of the channel had square profile with side dimension 140 mm. Tubes in the bank were located in three vertical rows with five tubes in each of them. Experiments were performed within Reynolds number diapason for gas from 190 to 450 and foam void volumetric fraction  from 0.996 to 0.998. Direction of foam motion in vertical channels also influences heat transfer intensity. Investigations of heat transfer process of upward and downward moving statically stable foam flow from horizontal tube bank were performed. Experimental heat transfer results of tube bundle in vertical cross foam flow were summarized by criterion equations, which enable determination of heat transfer intensity of the entire bundle or of a separate tube of the bundle for different values of void volumetric fractions and regime parameters of statically stable foam flow.
DYNAMICS OF TWO-PHASE FLOW ACROSS HORIZONTAL TUBE BUNDLES - A REVIEW
Authors: Ribatskia G. , Thome J. R.
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the hydrodynamic aspects of two-phase flow across horizontal tube bundles. The review covers studies related to the evaluation of void fraction, two-phase flow behaviors and pressure drops on the shell side of staggered and in-line tube bundles for upward, downward and side-to-side flows. This study of the literature critically describes the proposed flow pattern maps and semi-empirical correlations for predicting void fraction and frictional pressure drop. These predicting methods are generally based on experimental results for adiabatic air-water flows. A limited number of experimental studies with R-11 and R-113 were also carried out in the past. The review shows noticeable discrepancies among the available prediction methods. Finally, this study suggests that further research focusing on the development of representative databanks and new prediction methods is still necessary.