bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural and Processed Food Nanostructures
Authors: Yeh An-I.
Published: May 2017

In Chinese culture, the lotus flower is recognized as a symbol of a notable man since its leaves rise immaculately clean from the mud. This effect has now been recognized to be the result of the presence of nanostructures and the hydrophobic properties of lotus leaves. This chapter reviews the presence and function of nanostructures found in natural edible materials, including cellulose, starch, and muscle. It is currently difficult to prepare nanofoods via bottom-up methods. A reduction in the size of edible materials to the nanoscale via top-down methods significantly alters their physicochemical properties and results in benefits in the final products—for example, the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is remarkably increased when the particle size is at nano/submicron scales. Size reduction by physical means may be an attractive method of treating edible materials to minimize waste and to enhance functionality.
Nanomaterials in Food Products: A New Analytical Challenge
Authors: Duncan Timothy V. , Singh Gurmit
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the problem of detecting, characterizing, and determining the concentration of nanomaterials in foods and other biological matrices. After providing an overview of the unique challenges associated with nanoparticle metrology in complex media, sample pretreatment methods (including extraction, digestion, and inline chromatographic separation), imaging analysis, and nanomaterial quantification methods are presented in detail. The chapter also addresses numerous methods under development, including atmospheric scanning electron microscopy, single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, immunological detection methods, and optical techniques such surface plasmon resonance. The chapter concludes with an overview of the research needs in this area.
Infinitesimal Ingredients: An Analysis of the Regulatory Dimensions of Nanotechnologies in Foods and Food Contact Materials
Authors: Gergely A. , Bowman D. M. , Chaudhry Q.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 11 discusses the regulatory challenges facing the use of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in foods and food contact materials in the different jurisdictions of the globe (the EU, USA, Australia and New Zealand). The field is rapidly evolving as an increasing number of applications gain public acceptance due to their pronounced benefits. The regulatory agencies are stepping up their activities to make sure that these developments do not occur in a regulatory vacuum. This fast progress carries some uncertainties over the potential for new risks that may result from exposure to nanomaterials, hence the regulators need to establish clear-cut boundaries for the use of these products and applicable rules to provide legal certainty and consumer confidence. The chapter provides an overview of the existing regulatory framework in the selected jurisdictions and describes current progress in developing evidence-based regulations to support safety assessment, pre-market authorization and consumer information in relation to the nanomaterials used in food production and storage. This progress is closely scrutinized by different regulatory agencies and civil society groups and it is likely that, as the technology matures, the supporting regulatory framework will need to be revisited.
Glass capillary based microfluidic ELISA for rapid diagnostics
Authors: Tan Xiaotian , Khaing Oo Maung Kyaw , Gong Yuan , Li Yaoxin , Zhu Hongbo , Fan Xudong
Published: May 2017

A glass capillary array system for rapid ELISA with low sample/reagent volumes.
Enhancing the sensing specificity of a MoS2nanosheet-based FRET aptasensor using a surface blocking strategy
Authors: Geldert Alisha , Kenry Kenry , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Hua , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: May 2017

The sensing specificity of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based MoS2nanosheet aptasensor to detect the malarial biomarkerPlasmodiumlactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is significantly enhanced through surface passivation in this work.
Phase diagram of water–methane by first-principles thermodynamics: discovery of MH-IV and MH-V hydrates
Authors: Cao Xiaoxiao , Huang Yingying , Jiang Xue , Su Yan , Zhao Jijun
Published: May 2017

We disclose a new dense methane hydrate phases (MH-IV) using the Monte-Carlo packing algorithm and density-functional theory (DFT) optimization, which is superior to previous reported filled ices to apply to energy storage.
Role of electronic correlations in photoionization of NO2 in the vicinity of the 2A1/2B2 conical intersection
Authors: Brambila Danilo S. , Harvey Alex G. , Houfek Karel , Mašín Zdeněk , Smirnova Olga
Published: May 2017

We present the first ab initio multi-channel photoionization calculations for NO2 in the vicinity of the 2A1/2B2 conical intersection, for a range of nuclear geometries, using our newly developed set of tools based on the ab initio multichannel R-matrix method.
Electromagnetic field coupling characteristics in graphene plasmonic oligomers: from isolated to collective modes
Authors: Ren Junbo , Qiu Weibin , Chen Houbo , Qiu Pingping , Lin Zhili , Wang Jia-Xian , Kan Qiang , Pan Jiao-Qing
Published: May 2017

The electric field z component difference of eight types of collective modes EEEE, OEOE, AOAE(1), AEAO(1), AOAE(2), AEAO(2), EOEO, and OOOO.
Tetrel, pnictogen and chalcogen bonds identified in the gas phase before they had names: a systematic look at non-covalent interactions
Authors: Legon Anthony C.
Published: May 2017

Tetrel, pnictogen and chalcogen-bonded complexes: old bonds but new names.
Graphene-supported CoS2 particles: an efficient photocatalyst for selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics in visible light
Authors: Ma Ben , Wang Yingyong , Tong Xili , Guo Xiaoning , Zheng Zhanfeng , Guo Xiangyun
Published: May 2017

CoS2/graphene catalyst shows excellent photocatalytic performance for selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics using molecular hydrogen as reducing agent under visible light.
A novel synthesis of an Fe3+/Fe2+ layered double hydroxide (‘green rust’) via controlled electron transfer with a conducting polymer
Authors: Kim Min-Sung , Kim Tae-Hyun , Seo Young Sun , Oh Jae-Min , Park Jin Kuen
Published: May 2017

We demonstrate one simple way to produce crystalline green rust by controlling the electron transfer properties of a conducting polymer with a polyanionic macromolecule and the formation mechanism has been studied.
Outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by porous nickel diselenide electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhou Haiqing , Yu Fang , Liu Yuanyue , Sun Jingying , Zhu Zhuan , He Ran , Bao Jiming , Goddard William A. , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng
Published: May 2017

Exceptional bulk NiSe2 electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution are realized by the direct selenization of acetic acid-treated Ni foam via surface porosity engineering.
Comparison of PM2.5 carbonaceous pollutants between an urban site in Shanghai and a background site in a coastal East China Sea island in summer: concentration, composition and sources
Authors: Wang Fengwen , Lin Tian , Li Yuanyuan , Guo Zhigang , Rose Neil L.
Published: May 2017

Nine paired samples of atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were collected concurrently from an urban site in Shanghai, China and a background site in Huaniao Island (HNI) in the coastal East China Sea (ECS) between July 21 and 29, 2011.
Shell isolated nanoparticles for enhanced Raman spectroscopy studies in lithium–oxygen cells
Authors: Galloway Thomas A. , Cabo-Fernandez Laura , Aldous Iain M. , Braga Filipe , Hardwick Laurence J.
Published: May 2017

A critical and detailed assessment of using Shell Isolated Nanoparticles for Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SHINERS) on different electrode substrates was carried out, providing relative enhancement factors, as well as an evaluation of the distribution of shell-isolated nanoparticles upon the electrode surfaces. The chemical makeup of surface layers formed upon lithium metal electrodes and the mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction on carbon substrates relevant to lithium–oxygen cells are studied with the employment of the SHINERS technique. SHINERS enhanced the Raman signal at these surfaces showing a predominant Li2O based layer on lithium metal in a variety of electrolytes. The formation of LiO2and Li2O2, as well as degradation reactions forming Li2CO3, upon planar carbon electrode interfaces and upon composite carbon black electrodes were followed under potential control during the reduction of oxygen in a non-aqueous electrolyte based on dimethyl sulfoxide.
Low cost ionic liquid–water mixtures for effective extraction of carbohydrate and lipid from algae
Authors: To Trang Q. , Procter Kerryn , Simmons Blake A. , Subashchandrabose Suresh , Atkin Rob
Published: May 2017

Here we show that biomass derived from Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis can be pretreated with low cost choline amino acid based ionic liquids to effectively yield lipids and sugars.
Heterogeneous Diels–Alder catalysis for biomass-derived aromatic compounds
Authors: Settle Amy E. , Berstis Laura , Rorrer Nicholas A. , Roman-Leshkóv Yuriy , Beckham Gregg T. , Richards Ryan M. , Vardon Derek R.
Published: May 2017

This review highlights Diels–Alder heterogeneous catalysis for the production of biomass-derived aromatic compounds.
Programmable micrometer-sized motor array based on live cells
Authors: Xie Shuangxi , Wang Xiaodong , Jiao Niandong , Tung Steve , Liu Lianqing
Published: May 2017

Trapping and transporting algal cells with intrinsic motility are realized, and the trapped live cells can form a micrometer-sized motor array.
Spatial exciton allocation strategy with reduced energy loss for high-efficiency fluorescent/phosphorescent hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhao Fangchao , Wei Ying , Xu Hui , Chen Dustin , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad , Pei Qibing , Ma Dongge
Published: May 2017

High efficiency fluorescent/phosphorescent hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with the spatial exciton allocation strategy are reported.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of polypyridyl ruthenium(ii) complexes as potential tumor-targeting inhibitors against the migration and invasion of Hela cells through G2/M phase arrest
Authors: Cao Jieqiong , Wu Qiong , Zheng Wenjie , Li Li , Mei Wenjie
Published: May 2017

The polypyridyl ruthenium(ii) complexes 4 was identified as a potential inhibitor against the migration and invasion of Hela cells, which could selectively accumulate in tumors tissue and induce G2/M phase arrest in cancer cells.
Viscosity-dependent frequency factor for modeling polymerization kinetics
Authors: Al-Moameri Harith , Jaf Luay , Suppes Galen J.
Published: May 2017

The simulation of polymer-forming reactions can be a powerful tool to reduce the time and cost of developing new polymer formulations; formulations that can be potentially both more sustainable and less costly.
Synthesis and properties of fluorinated polyimides with multi-bulky pendant groups
Authors: Wang Chenyi , Cao Shijie , Chen Wentao , Xu Chang , Zhao Xiaoyan , Li Jian , Ren Qiang
Published: May 2017

A new family of fluorinated polyimides with four pendant trifluoromethylphenyl groups was prepared. The incorporation of multi-bulky pendant fluorinated groups and large noncoplanar structures brought about great improvement for their properties.
Power loss density of electromagnetic waves in unimolecular reactions
Authors: Liao Yinhong , Zhang Sanmei , Tang Zhengming , Liu Xinpeng , Huang Kama
Published: May 2017

Microwave-assisted chemical reactions have been widely used, but the mechanism is still unclear, which limits further applications.
Programmed cell death 4 inhibits proliferation and differentiation and induces apoptosis of human mesenchymal stem cells through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Yang , Su Dongyue , Song Tao
Published: May 2017

PDCD4 was closely related to the proliferation and the apoptosis of OP-hMSCs in osteoporosis.
Sequestration of orange G and methylene blue from aqueous solutions using a Co(ii) coordination polymer
Authors: Fulong Cressa Ria P. , Cook Timothy R.
Published: May 2017

A Co(ii) coordination polymer acts as a sponge for organic dye molecules, removing them from aqueous solutions.
Temperature-induced reversible micelle–vesicle transition in aqueous solution of a pseudogemini surfactant without any additive
Authors: Liu Xuemin , Wang Jingwen , Cui Zhenggang , Yao Heping , Ge Xin , Chen Wen , Sun Fengli
Published: May 2017

Temperature-induced reversible micelle–vesicle transition is achieved in aqueous solution of a single pseudogemini surfactant without any additive.
Bifunctional cationic solid lipid nanoparticles of β-NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles coated with a lipid for bioimaging and gene delivery
Authors: Song Chenxi , Zhang Shubiao , Zhou Quan , Shi Lei , Du Linying , Zhi Defu , Zhao Yinan , Zhen Yuhong , Zhao Defeng
Published: May 2017

We demonstrate the possibility of novel bifunctional cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) for bioimaging and gene delivery through peptide lipid coated UCNPs.
ZnS quantum dots impregnated-mesoporous TiO2 nanospheres for enhanced visible light induced photocatalytic application
Authors: Harish S. , Sabarinathan M. , Kristy A. Periyanayaga , Archana J. , Navaneethan M. , Ikeda H. , Hayakawa Y.
Published: May 2017

ZnS quantum dots were impregnated on the surface of TiO2 mesospheres by a soft template-assisted solvothermal approach.
In vitro study of novel microparticle based silk fibroin scaffold with osteoblast-like cells for load-bearing osteo-regenerative applications
Authors: Parekh Nimisha , Hushye Chandni , Warunkar Saniya , Sen Gupta Sayam , Nisal Anuya
Published: May 2017

Silk Fibroin microparticle scaffolds show promise in bone tissue engineering applications.
PVDF/PVDF-g-PACMO blend hollow fiber membranes for hemodialysis: preparation, characterization, and performance
Authors: An Zihan , Xu Rui , Dai Fengying , Xue Gaojian , He Xiaoling , Zhao Yiping , Chen Li
Published: May 2017

A novel approach to improve the biocompatibility of PVDF hollow fiber membrane by blending PVDF-g-PACMO copolymer for hemodialysis is provided.
Solution-processed inorganic copper(i) thiocyanate as a hole injection layer for high-performance quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ding Tao , Wang Ning , Wang Chen , Wu Xinghua , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Qichun , Fan Weijun , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: May 2017

The introduction of CuSCN as the hole injection material significantly improved the turn-on voltage of quantum dot-based LEDs.
A visible high efficiency and polarization-insensitive 34-level dielectric metasurface hologram
Authors: Xiaofang Su Xiaofang Su , Li Guanhai , Yang Hui , Zhao Zengyue , Yu Feilong , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: May 2017

A polarization-insensitive dielectric metasurface of 34 phase level is proposed to reproduce a holographic image in the visible region.
Highly sensitive on-chip fluorescence sensor with integrated fully solution processed organic light sources and detectors
Authors: Shu Z. , Kemper F. , Beckert E. , Eberhardt R. , Tünnermann A.
Published: May 2017

The first reported on-chip fluorescent sensor consisting of fully solution processed organic light sources and detectors.
Linear magnetoresistance in gold foams
Authors: Li Zhaoguo , Luo Jiangshan , Tan Xiulan , Fang Qi , Zeng Yong , Meng Lingbiao , Zhou Minjie , Wu Weidong , Zhang Jicheng
Published: May 2017

Classical linear magnetoresistance is observed in ultralow density gold foams with strong spatial inhomogeneity.
Optical properties of selected 4d and 5d transition metal ion-doped glasses
Authors: Wen Hongli , Cheng Bing-Ming , Tanner Peter A.
Published: May 2017

Charge transfer emission from transition metal ions in glasses and identification of their oxidation states.
Effects of electrochemical reaction and surface morphology on electroactive surface area of porous copper manufactured by Lost Carbonate Sintering
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Zhao Yuyuan
Published: May 2017

The electroactive surface area of porous copper is very sensitive to diffusion layer thickness due to the length scale effect.
Three Pt(ii) complexes based on thiosemicarbazone: synthesis, HSA interaction, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Lin Xu-Dong , Liu Ya-Hong , Xie Cheng-Zhi , Bao Wei-Guo , Shen Jun , Xu Jing-Yuan
Published: May 2017

Three new Pt-based complexes with better IC50values than cisplatin displayed different cytotoxicity, cycle arrest and cell uptake manners.
Automatic high-pressure hydrogen generation from formic acid in the presence of nano-Pd heterogeneous catalysts at mild temperatures
Authors: Zhong Heng , Iguchi Masayuki , Song Fu-Zhan , Chatterjee Maya , Ishizaka Takayuki , Nagao Ikuhiro , Xu Qiang , Kawanami Hajime
Published: May 2017

First report of an automatic high pressure hydrogen generation from HCOOH with a heterogeneous catalyst system.
Progress in catalytic synthesis of advanced carbon nanofibers
Authors: Lu Wenyang , He Ting , Xu Bang , He Xin , Adidharma Hertanto , Radosz Maciej , Gasem Khaled , Fan Maohong
Published: May 2017

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have wide applications in various high-tech areas.
Synergistic effect of interfacial phenomenon on enhancing catalytic performance of Pd loaded MnOx–CeO2–C hetero-nanostructure for hydrogenation and electrochemical reactions
Authors: Yousaf Ammar Bin , Imran M. , Zaidi Syed Javaid , Kasak Peter , Ansari Tariq Mahmood , Manzoor Suryyia , Yasmeen Ghazala
Published: May 2017

Hetero-nanostructures have proven to be impressive materials due to their multi-functionalities in various catalytic applications.
Vapor triggered fluorescent color changes among solvates of Emodin
Authors: Li Meiqi , Zhang Qi , He Hongyan , Wang Jian-Rong , Mei Xuefeng
Published: May 2017

EM solvates' reversible vapochromic phenomena were fully studied to provide a new approach to find vapor sensitive MCL materials.
A comparison of toxicity and toxicokinetics in rats and dogs following twenty-eight-day, repeat-dose oral administration of nifurtimox
Authors: Li Ye , Liu Tian-tian , Jin Hong-tao , Zhang Piao-piao , Qin Dan , Zhang Qian-qian , Wu Wen-tao , Yang Cui-ping , Wang Ai-ping
Published: May 2017

Nifurtimox has been an important treatment for trypanosomiasis for many years, but new research indicates that the drug may also be an effective therapy for malignant neuroblastoma.
Organochlorine compounds in the adipose tissue of urban and rural women who gave birth by cesarean delivery in northern Turkey
Authors: Das Yavuz Kursad , Guven Davut , Guvenc Dilek , Tokur Orhan , Aksoy Abdurrahman
Published: May 2017

In this study, the levels of a group of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the adipose tissue of women living in northern Turkey who gave birth by cesarean delivery were investigated.
Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-mediated stabilization of leukemia inhibitory factor (lif) mRNA: involvement of Nucleolin and PCBP1
Authors: Chakraborty Alina , Mukherjee Srimoyee , Saha Sucharita , De Soumasree , Sengupta (Bandyopadhyay) Sumita
Published: May 2017

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine involved in diverse biological activities, thereby requiring precise spatial and temporal control of its expression. The present study reveals that enhanced expression of LIF in response to PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) in human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 largely happens through stabilization of its mRNA. Functional characterization of the long 3′-untranslated region of human lif mRNA revealed several conserved sequences with conventional cis-acting elements. A 216 nucleotide containing proximal cis-element with two AUUUA pentamers and four poly-rC sequences demonstrated significant mRNA destabilizing potential, which, on treatment with PMA, showed stabilizing activity. Affinity chromatography followed by western blot and RNA co-immunoprecipitation of PMA-treated U937 extract identified Nucleolin and PCBP1 as two protein trans-factors interacting with lif mRNA, specifically to the proximal non-conventional AU-rich region. PMA induced nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of both Nucleolin and PCBP1. RNA-dependent in vivo co-association of both these proteins with lif mRNA was demonstrated by decreased co-precipitation in the presence of RNase. Ectopic overexpression of Nucleolin showed stabilization of both intrinsic lif mRNA and gfp reporter, whereas knockdown of Nucleolin and PCBP1 demonstrated a significant decrease in both lif mRNA and protein levels. Collectively, this report establishes the stabilization of lif mRNA by PMA, mediated by the interactions of two RNA-binding proteins, Nucleolin and PCBP1 with a proximal cis-element.
Safety Behaviors and Stuttering
Authors: Lowe Robyn , Helgadottir Fjola , Menzies Ross , Heard Rob , O'Brian Sue , Packman Ann , Onslow Mark
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Those who are socially anxious may use safety behaviors during feared social interactions to prevent negative outcomes. Safety behaviors are associated with anxiety maintenance and poorer treatment outcomes because they prevent fear extinction. Social anxiety disorder is often comorbid with stuttering. Speech pathologists reported in a recent publication (Helgadottir, Menzies, Onslow, Packman, & O'Brian, 2014a) that they often recommended procedures for clients that could be safety behaviors. This study investigated the self-reported use of safety behaviors by adults who stutter.

Method

Participants were 133 adults who stutter enrolled in an online cognitive-behavior therapy program. Participants completed a questionnaire about their use of potential safety behaviors when anxious during social encounters. Correlations were computed between safety behaviors and pretreatment scores on measures of fear of negative evaluation and negative cognitions.

Results

Of 133 participants, 132 reported that they used safety behaviors. Many of the safety behaviors correlated with higher scores for fear of negative evaluation and negative cognitions.

Conclusions

Adults who stutter report using safety behaviors, and their use is associated with pretreatment fear of negative evaluation and unhelpful thoughts about stuttering. These results suggest that the negative effects of safety behaviors may extend to those who stutter, and further research is needed.
Addressing the Communication and Other Needs of Persons With Severe Disabilities Through Engaged Interprofessional Teams: Introduction to a Clinical Forum
Authors: Ogletree Billy T.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) is introduced as a viable and preferred clinical methodology for speech-language pathologists and others serving persons with severe disabilities. Contributions to this clinical forum dedicated to IPCP and severe disabilities are described.

Method

This clinical focus article introduces IPCP and reviews literature specific to its origins and effectiveness, defines severe disabilities, and proposes IPCP as a vital tenet in effective communication-related and other service delivery for this population.

Conclusion

IPCP is supported as a recommended practice methodology for speech-language pathologists and other team members providing services to persons with severe disabilities.
Time‐varying three‐dimensional interferometric imaging for space rotating targets with stepped‐frequency chirp signal
Authors: Sun Yuxue , Luo Ying , Zhang Qun , Hu Jian , Huo Wenjun
Published: May 2017

Three‐dimensional (3D) radar imaging can provide abundant information about space targets, thus playing a significant role in space target recognition, measurement and cataloguing. In this study, a time‐varying interferometric 3D imaging method for space rotating targets is proposed based on stepped‐frequency chirp signal. In this study, with L‐shaped three‐antenna configuration, the interferometric signal model is first set up and high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) series of the three antennas are obtained. Then through interferometric processing of HRRP series on different interferometric planes, the instantaneous spatial positions in the azimuth and pitching directions of each target scatterer are reconstructed. Combining with the instantaneous positions in range direction extracted from HRRP series, the time‐varying 3D image of target can be reconstructed accordingly. Compared to existing 3D imaging method for space rotating targets, the proposed method can obtain real time‐varying 3D image of target with one multi‐antenna set radar. Simulation results verify the validity and robustness of the proposed method.
Statistical analysis of 26 yr of observations of decametric radio emissions from Jupiter
Authors: Marques M. S. , Zarka P. , Echer E. , Ryabov V. B. , Alves M. V. , Denis L. , Coffre A.
Published: May 2017

Jupiter is a complex and at the same time very powerful radio source in the decameter wavelength range. The emission is anisotropic, intrinsically variable at millisecond to hour timescales, and also modulated by various external processes at much longer periods, ranging from ~10 h to months or years (including Jovian day and year, solar activity and solar wind variations, and for ground-based observations, terrestrial day and year). As a consequence, long-term observations and their statistical study have proved to be necessary for disentangling and understanding the observed phenomena. We have built a database from the available 26 yr of systematic, daily observations conducted at the Nançay Decameter Array and recorded in digital format. This database contains all observed Jovian decametric emissions, classified with respect to the time-frequency morphology, their dominant circular polarization, and maximum frequency. We present the results of the first statistical analysis of this database. We confirm the earlier classification of Jovian decameter emissions in Io-A, -A′, -B, -C, -D and non-Io-A, -B, -C types, but we also introduce new emission types (Io-A′′ and Io-B′) and precise and characterize the non-Io-D type. We determine the contours of all emission types in the CML− ΦIo plane (Central Meridian Longitude in Jupiter’s System III coordinates versus Io Phase), provide representative examples of their typical time-frequency patterns, and the distribution of emission’s maximum frequency as a function of ΛIo (Io’s Longitude). Finally, we present a statistical analysis of the distributions of the occurrence rate, duration, intensity and polarization for each emission type. non-Io-DAM appears to be related to small-scale, possibly bursty auroral structures.
Nucleophilic Addition of Alkanenitriles to Aldehydes via N-Silyl Ketene Imines Generated In Situ
Authors: Yoshimura Fumihiko , Saito Hiroki , Abe Taiki , Tanino Keiji
Published: May 2017

Upon treatment with triisopropylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, alkanenitriles undergo direct addition to aldehydes under mild non-basic neutral conditions to provide triisopropylsilyl ethers of β-hydroxy nitriles in good yield. The reaction proceeds through generation of an N-silyl ketene imine intermediate in situ from the alkanenitrile followed by nucleophilic addition of the intermediate to the aldehyde.
Metal-Free Ammonium Iodide Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrocoupling of Silanes with Alcohols
Authors: Kumar Pailla , Guo Sheng-rong , Yuan Yan-qin
Published: May 2017

An ammonium iodide catalyzed direct oxidative coupling of silanes with alcohols to give various alkoxysilane derivatives was discovered. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide proved to be an efficient oxidant for this transformation. Attractive features of this protocol include its transition-metal-free nature and the mild reaction conditions.
Chorioamnionitis-Induced Immunological Changes and Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Omar Said , Awonuga Modupe
Published: May 2017

Chorioamnionitis is inflammation of the fetal membranes (chorion and amnion) which could be of microbial or nonmicrobial etiology. It is a common complication of pregnancy with significant implications for both mother and infant. It represents a spectrum of diseases, which range from histological but subclinical chorioamnionitis to funisitis and chorionic vasculitis with multiorgan involvement in the fetus. Chorioamnionitis results in the activation of the fetal innate immune system known as the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). FIRS with or without evidence of microbial presence initiates an inflammatory cascade that has been implicated in the mechanisms responsible for the fetal injury. Such injury can result in adverse neonatal outcomes involving multiple organ systems with high perinatal and long-term morbidity and mortality. While antimicrobial treatment of chorioamnionitis is beneficial to the mother, it is unclear whether the same holds true for the fetus as the damage may already be done by the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This article reviews the immunological changes and their consequences in neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis.
Unusual Case of Midline Middle Skull Base Lymphoma Mimicking as Invasive Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Naik Harish , Survashe Pravin , Velho Vernon , Bhide Anuj , Bhople Laxmikant , Guha Amrita
Published: May 2017

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a rare tumor of the skull base. As the incidence of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma has increased, atypical presentations involving the skull base are being reported. However, isolated involvement of middle skull base, that too predominantly the clivus and parasellar region, is rarely seen. We present a case of middle-age woman with midline skull base lesion located in the sella with invasion of the ventral part of upper part of clivus (posterior clinoid) and also the parasellar region causing involvement of optic and abducens nerve with preserved hormonal functions. She was operated endoscopically for partial resection of the lesion. Histopathology turned out to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of NK/T-cell variety. So far NK/T-cell lymphoma of the sella with invasion into the clivus has never been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge.
Der Einfluss intraokularer Druckschwankungen auf die Glaukomerkrankung
Authors: Rezapour Jasmin , Hoffmann Esther Maria
Published: May 2017

Als derzeit einzig zu behandelnder Risikofaktor spielt der Augeninnendruck für das Fortschreiten der Glaukomerkrankung immer noch eine große Rolle. Zwei große klinische Studien (Schweden und USA) haben den Einfluss des Augeninnendrucks und seiner Schwankungen – definiert als Standardabweichung des Mittelwerts – auf die Glaukomprogression untersucht. Neben diesen großen randomisierten klinischen Studien gibt es eine Reihe von kleineren Untersuchungen zu diesem Zusammenhang. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sind die wichtigsten Studien zusammengefasst.
The interior as architectural principle
Authors: Verschaffel Bart
Published: May 2017

The principle of architecture is the creation of an “inside” or an interior. There are three layers of meaning involved in isolating and defining a space as an “inside”: the floor/earth, the wall/world, the ceiling/heavens. The three combined constitute and define a particular version of the archetypical “interior”: the room. Each architectural interior, though, is at the same time a closed space, on itself, and at the same time represents and relates to an “outside” or to the World. This article is published as part of a collection on interiorities.
Equivalent circuit modeling and simulation of the zinc nickel single flow battery
Authors: Yao Shouguang , Liao Peng , Xiao Min , Cheng Jie , He Ke
Published: May 2017

This paper builds the equivalent circuit model for a single cell of zinc nickel single flow battery (ZNB) with 300 Ah. According to the experimental data of the single cell under 100 A pulse discharge conditions, the model parameters can be obtained by parameter identification, and the analytical expressions for each model parameter can be obtained by using the method of high degree polynomial fitting and exponential function fitting, then the mathematical model of the stack voltage can be built. The relative error of the simulation results for stack voltage is controlled within 3.2% by experimental comparison, which verifies the accuracy of the model and model parameters. The parameter formulas obtained by fitting method can effectively solve calculation problem of the battery parameters. And under 100 A constant-current discharge condition, the stack voltage of the battery is dropping relatively flat over about 110 minutes after loading current, and dropping dramatically within about 50 minutes at the end of discharge due to the increasing polarization.
Microchannel plate detector detection efficiency to monoenergetic electrons between 3 and 28 keV
Authors: Blase Ryan C. , Benke Roland R. , Miller Gregory P. , Pickens Keith S. , Waite J. Hunter
Published: May 2017

An unshielded microchannel plate (MCP) detector with an ultrafine pore diameter of 2 μm was irradiated by an electron beam to determine the detection efficiency of electrons for creating detector signals, or counts. Tested electron energies spanned a range of 3 kiloelectron volts (keV) to 28 keV. Higher detection efficiencies were measured at the lower end of this energy range, 0.376 counts per incident electron at 3 keV down to 0.155 at 15 keV with an increase to 0.217 at 18 keV and then another decrease down to 0.15 counts per incident electron at 28 keV. The increase at 18 keV is attributed to primary electron interaction with the L shell electrons of lead (Pb), leading to an increase in secondary electron and X-ray generation within the MCP and thus an increase in detection efficiency. For the electron beam directed normal to the MCP surface, the lowest efficiency of 0.15 counts per incident electron was observed at 28 keV. Detection efficiency was also tested as a function of incident angle with angular steps of 5°. Detection efficiency was more sensitive to the angle of incidence as the incident electron energy decreased. The detection efficiency at 3 keV decreased from 0.376 counts per electron at the zero degree angle (normal incidence to MCP surface) to 0.027 counts per electron at an incident angle of 50° (average in both orientations). At 28 keV, the decrease in detection efficiency as a function of increasing angle was less pronounced, ranging from 0.15 counts per electron at zero degrees to 0.08 counts per electron at 50° (average in both orientations). Experimental data showed lower detection efficiencies compared with previously published data.
Characteristics of triboelectrification on dielectric surfaces contacted with a liquid metal in different gases
Authors: Chen Jian , Tang Wei , Lu Cunxin , Xu Liang , Yang Zhiwei , Chen Baodong , Jiang Tao , Lin Wang Zhong
Published: May 2017

Triboelectric nanogenerators attract more and more research attention, for their high efficiency, low fabrication cost, and high flexibility. However, the mechanism about triboelectrification remains highly debated. In this work, we constructed a liquid-metal based triboelectric nanogenerator (LM-TENG) and investigated the influence of the gas atmosphere on the triboelectrification between the liquid metal and the dielectric materials, such as PTFE, Kapton, and Nylon. It was found that the dielectric materials were negatively charged on contact with the liquid metal in ambient air. But in the nitrogen conditions, the polarity of the charges was reversed. Oxygen was excluded, which is responsible for the polarity reversal in contact electrification. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and SKFM data, a possible mechanism was proposed.
Room-temperature continuous-wave operation in the telecom wavelength range of GaSb-based lasers monolithically grown on Si
Authors: Castellano A. , Cerutti L. , Rodriguez J. B. , Narcy G. , Garreau A. , Lelarge F. , Tournié E.
Published: May 2017

We report on electrically pumped GaSb-based laser diodes monolithically grown on Si and operating in a continuous wave (cw) in the telecom wavelength range. The laser structures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on 6°-off (001) substrates. The devices were processed in coplanar contact geometry. 100 μm × 1 mm laser diodes exhibited a threshold current density of 1 kA/cm−2 measured under pulsed operation at 20 °C. CW operation was achieved up to 35 °C with 10 μm × 1 mm diodes. The output power at 20 °C was around 3 mW/uncoated facet, and the cw emission wavelength 1.59 μm, in the C/L-band of telecom systems.
Fano resonances in photonic crystal nanobeams side-coupled with nanobeam cavities
Authors: Meng Zi-Ming , Liang Anhui , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: May 2017

Fano resonances usually arise when a narrow resonance or discrete state and a broad resonance or continuum state are coupled. In this paper, we theoretically and numerically study asymmetric Fano line shape realized in a photonic crystal nanobeam (PCN) side-coupled with a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC). Asymmetric transmission profiles with a transmission peak and a transmission valley are obtained for a low index concentrated cavity mode. The transmission valley, associated with the destructive interference, of our PCN-PCNC structures is deeper than that of a waveguide or Fabry-Perot resonator side-coupled with a PCNC structure. Through changing the position of the photonic band gap (PBG) of the PCN, we can utilize the high or low frequency band edge modes and the Fano transmission profiles can be further controlled. The transmission spectra of our PCN-PCNC structures can be well fitted by the Fano resonance formula and agree qualitatively with the prediction made by the temporal coupled mode theory. By using the band edge modes of the PCN as the continuum state instead of a usual broad resonance, we have demonstrated a new way to generate a prominent Fano resonance. Our PCN-PCNC structures are compact and feasible to achieve large-scale high-performance integrated photonic devices, such as optical modulators or switches.
Temperature dependence of photogalvanic effect in GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas at interband and intersubband excitation
Authors: Zeng X. L. , Yu J. L. , Cheng S. Y. , Lai Y. F. , Chen Y. H. , Huang W.
Published: May 2017

The linear (LPGE) and circular photogalvanic effects (CPGE), induced by interband (532 nm) and intersubband (1064 nm) excitation, have been investigated in a temperature range from 77 to 300 K in GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas. The temperature dependences of the CPGE current induced by Rashba and Dresselhaus spin orbit coupling (SOC) under the interband and intersubband excitation are obtained, respectively. It is revealed that the CPGE and LPGE current induced by the intersubband excitation almost increases with increasing temperature, while that induced by interband excitation nearly decreases with increasing temperatures. These phenomena may be attributed to the different variation trends of photo-induced carrier density and SOC with increasing temperatures between interband and intersubband excitation. The evolutions of the ratio of the Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC (RD ratios) and the anisotropic ratio of linear photogalvanic tensors, corresponding to the interband and intersubband excitations, with temperatures are determined. The power dependence of CPGE and LPGE current induced by intersubband excitation is also investigated. It is found that for the power range from 0 to 275 mW, the CPGE current nearly increases linearly with increasing power, while the LPGE current shows a decreasing generation rate at higher power. This study also provides a method to manipulate the photogalvanic effects by temperatures and by using excitation light of different wavelengths.
Piezoelectricity and charge trapping in ZnO and Co-doped ZnO thin films
Authors: D’Agostino Domenico , Di Giorgio Cinzia , Di Trolio Antonio , Guarino Anita , Cucolo Anna Maria , Vecchione Antonio , Bobba Fabrizio
Published: May 2017

Piezoelectricity and charge storage of undoped and Co-doped ZnO thin films were investigated by means of PiezoResponse Force Microscopy and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. We found that Co-doped ZnO exhibits a large piezoelectric response, with the mean value of piezoelectric matrix element d33 slightly lower than in the undoped sample. Moreover, we demonstrate that Co-doping affects the homogeneity of the piezoelectric response, probably as a consequence of the lower crystalline degree exhibited by the doped samples. We also investigate the nature of the interface between a metal electrode, made up of the PtIr AFM tip, and the films as well as the phenomenon of charge storage. We find Schottky contacts in both cases, with a barrier value higher in PtIr/ZnO than in PtIr/Co-doped ZnO, indicating an increase in the work function due to Co-doping.
Simple and robust algorithms to estimate liveweight in African smallholder cattle
Authors: Goopy J. P. , Pelster D. E. , Onyango A. , Marshall K. , Lukuyu M.
Published: May 2017

Measurement of liveweight of stock is one of the most important production tools available to farmers – playing a role in nutrition, fertility management, health and marketing. Yet most farmers in sub-Saharan Africa do not have access to scales on which to weigh cattle. Heart girth measurements (and accompanying algorithms) have been used as a convenient and cost-effective alternative to scales, however despite a plethora of studies in the extant literature, the accuracy and sensitivity of such measures are not well described. Using three datasets from phenotypically and geographically diverse cattle populations, we developed and validated new algorithms with similar R2 to extant studies but lower errors of prediction over a full range of observed weights, than simple linear regression, that was valid for measurements in an unassociated animal population in sub-Saharan Africa. Our results further show that heart girth measurements are not sufficiently sensitive to accurately assess seasonal liveweight fluctuations in cattle and thus should not be relied on in situations where high precision is a critical consideration.
Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation of steers finished with 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles on fatty acid profiles and display life of strip loins
Authors: Chao M. D. , Domenech-Pérez K. I. , Voegele H. R. , Kunze E. K. , Calkins C. R.
Published: May 2017

Feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) in beef feedlot diets increases beef polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentration and decreases shelf-life; whereas feeding antioxidants like vitamin E and Agrado-Plus (AG; an ethoxyquin and tert-Butylhydroquinone mixture) mitigates such effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate shelf-life of beef from steers supplemented with WDGS and different antioxidants. One hundred and sixty steers were finished on a corn-based diet with 0% WDGS or 30% WDGS and four antioxidant treatments (no supplementation; vitamin E only; AG only; vitamin E + AG). Ten strip loins from each treatment were collected, aged, cut into steaks, and placed under retail display (2 ± 2°C). During retail display, steaks were evaluated daily for objective colour and subjective discolouration. After retail display, steaks were used to measure lipid oxidation, muscle fatty acids, and vitamin E and ethoxyquin concentrations. Feeding 30% WDGS increased total PUFA in beef when compared with beef from steers fed 0% WDGS (P < 0.05). Supplementing vitamin E or vitamin E + AG was effective in decreasing myoglobin and lipid oxidation in steaks from steers fed 0% or 30% WDGS after retail display (P < 0.01). Supplementation of vitamin E or AG also increased (P < 0.01) muscle tissue vitamin E or ethoxyquin levels, respectively, compared with the diets without vitamin E or AG supplementation. The inclusion of 30% WDGS altered beef fatty acid profiles, but did not promote lipid and myoglobin oxidation compared with the 0% WDGS diet. Feeding vitamin E was effective, whereas supplementing AG had minor effects in decreasing myoglobin and lipid oxidation in steaks from both diet.
Vernalisation mediated LncRNA-like gene expression in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Liang Naiguo , Cheng Dayou , Cui Jie , Dai Cuihong , Luo Chengfei , Liu Tianjiao , Li Junliang
Published: May 2017

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cannot form reproductive shoots during the first year of their life cycle. Flowering only occurs if plants are vernalised and are subsequently exposed to long days. However, the vernalisation mechanism remains poorly understood in sugar beet. Three putative lncRNAs associated with vernalisation (AGL15X1, AGL15X2 and CAULIFLOWER A) were investigated and the hypothesis that their expression occurred in response to vernalisation was experimentally tested. The regulation mechanisms of BvRAV1-like, lncRNA-like genes, BvFT1 and BvFT2 were also examined. The BvRAV1-like gene associated with vernalisation in sugar beet was validated for the first time. Our data confirmed the hypothesis that AGLX2 was the first candidate lncRNA of sugar beet and the BvRAV1-like gene was expressed in response to vernalisation. BvRAV1-like and AGLX2 genes might be coordinated with BvFT2 to promote reproductive growth by repressing BvFT1 during cold exposure followed by long day conditions. A new complementary flowering model of sugar beet was proposed. Our findings opened up new possibility for future studies and further illuminated the molecular mechanism of vernalisation in sugar beet.
Kinematics of the lever arm swing in myosin VI
Authors: Mugnai Mauro L. , Thirumalai D.
Published: May 2017

Significance

Myosin VI (MVI), a molecular motor whose malfunction is linked to deafness, moves on the actin filament fueled by ATP. The chemomechanical transduction culminates in a power stroke, in which the motor domain undergoes a conformational transition exaggerated by the lever arm. We performed simulations of the MVI power stroke, showing that the lever arm undergoes a nearly free rotational diffusion that is only weakly biased by the rest of the motor. Our model yields a molecular picture of the MVI power stroke that is in quantitative agreement with experiments showing evidence for the pliancy of the lever arm. Our findings provide insights into the broad step-size distribution of MVI.
Solar thermochemical splitting of water to generate hydrogen
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Dey Sunita
Published: May 2017

Solar photochemical means of splitting water (artificial photosynthesis) to generate hydrogen is emerging as a viable process. The solar thermochemical route also promises to be an attractive means of achieving this objective. In this paper we present different types of thermochemical cycles that one can use for the purpose. These include the low-temperature multistep process as well as the high-temperature two-step process. It is noteworthy that the multistep process based on the Mn(II)/Mn(III) oxide system can be carried out at 700 °C or 750 °C. The two-step process has been achieved at 1,300 °C/900 °C by using yttrium-based rare earth manganites. It seems possible to render this high-temperature process as an isothermal process. Thermodynamics and kinetics of H
2
O splitting are largely controlled by the inherent redox properties of the materials. Interestingly, under the conditions of H
2
O splitting in the high-temperature process CO
2
can also be decomposed to CO, providing a feasible method for generating the industrially important syngas (CO+H
2
). Although carbonate formation can be addressed as a hurdle during CO
2
splitting, the problem can be avoided by a suitable choice of experimental conditions. The choice of the solar reactor holds the key for the commercialization of thermochemical fuel production.