bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
История спецслужб России
Authors: Колпаков Петр , Мосейкина Марина
Published: June 2024

В учебном пособии рассматриваются основные вехи истории учреждений, выполнявших задачи по противодействию преступлениям против Российского государства, а также разведывательные и контрразведывательные функции. Деятельность специальных служб России раскрывается в историческом контексте, начиная с эпохи правления царя Алексея Михайловича, и до распада СССР. Особое внимание уделено организационно-структурному развитию специальных служб, биографиям видных деятелей политической полиции, органов государственной безопасности, разведки и контрразведки, а также проведенным в разное время операциям, направленным на обеспечение государственных интересов. Методическая особенность учебного пособия заключается в наличии практикума в каждом параграфе, включающего вопросы и задания, связанные с анализом исторических документов, биографий и произведений искусства. Для углубления знаний по темам, включенным в учебное пособие, приведены рекомендации для просмотра документальных и художественных фильмов. Для студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов, преподавателей общественных дисциплин и широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей российских специальных служб.
Испанская грамматика в песнях
Authors: Маленкова Аксиния , Терентьева Екатерина , Пономаренко Анатолий
Published: June 2024

Учебное пособие посвящено обучению грамматики испанского языка через принципиально новый подход – с помощью испанских песен. Это инновационное решение позволит студентам не только освоить основы грамматики, но и насладиться прекрасной музыкой, которая станет проводником в мир испанского языка. В нем собраны лучшие испанские песни, адаптированные под уровень знаний студентов. Благодаря этому обучающиеся смогут легко понять и запомнить правила грамматики в контексте, что значительно облегчит процесс познания. Учебное пособие адресовано студентам высших учебных заведений гуманитарных специальностей, но также может быть полезно молодым специалистам, интересующимся испанской и латиноамериканской культурой.
NONDESTRUCTIVE DETECTION OF TURBINE BLADE DEFECTS IN AERO-ENGINES USING THERMAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Jin Zhaopeng
Published: June 2024

Accurate nondestructive inspection of aero-engine turbine blades is crucial for maintaining engine stability and safety. This paper briefly overviews thermal imaging technology and turbine blades in jet engines. The thermal imaging technology was applied to the nondestructive inspection of thermal barrier coatings on turbine blades. The Faster-regional convolutional neural network (RCNN) algorithm was employed to detect defects in the thermal images, which were preprocessed using the adaptive carrier algorithm. Then experimental analyses were conducted using prepared thermal barrier coatings with three types of defect. Moreover, the Faster-RCNN algorithm combined with adaptive carrier preprocessing was compared with the convolutional neural network and Faster-RCNN algorithms combined with Gaussian filter preprocessing. The results demonstrated that the adaptive carrier preprocessing combined with Faster-RCNN method accurately identified defect types and located defects with higher precision.
Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental e o Ecoturismo: Intersecções possíveis e articulações junto aos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos Eduardo Fortes , Bassinello Patrícia Zaczuk
Published: June 2024

O ecoturismo é correlacionável, entre outros aspectos, com a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental e, consequentemente, com a Educação Ambiental; igualmente, também, se aproxima com o enunciado dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Este trio de aspectos relacionam-se quanto à similaridade de intenções e a interatividade entre os elementos desta tríade possibilita que todas estas partes elencadas se retroalimentem e, destarte, sejam melhor alcançadas nos impactos que tangem ao planejamento e organização de atividades e serviços turísticos O objetivo deste ensaio foi demonstrar, por meio de estudo comparativo como procedimento metodológico, as intersecções e articulações possíveis de intencionalidades na tríade proposta. Contudo, ao se colocar na escuta desse conjunto de enunciados que compõem seus objetivos e constituições, eles evidenciam ainda mais um desejo, de como um pensamento ocidental hegemônico age em reduzir tensões e assegurar uma boa governabilidade, do que a tímida expressão da realidade, especialmente no que tange aos contextos das nações latino-americanas; inclusive porque a execução prática deles depende da boa vontade de cada governante e dificilmente vem reduzindo as assimetrias regionais no contexto das diversas e diferentes desigualdades. Portanto, no que tange às atividades do ecoturismo, para que se tenha o desejável “turismo sustentável”, é necessário considerar nos projetos de turismo a presença da Educação para o meio ambiente e, por extensão de ideias, ter como escopo de ações a materialização dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, retomando e colocando à frente desse processo a participação de coletividades culturalmente diferenciadas para possível encaminhamento de políticas públicas mais efetivas.
6 Şubat Depremlerinin Nüfus ve Yerleşme Üzerinde Oluşturduğu Mekansal Değişimler: Kahramanmaraş Şehri Örneği
Authors: Ayhan Gülsen , Çapan Yusuf
Published: June 2024

Depremler çok sayıda can ve mal kayıplarına yol açan doğal afetlerden biridir. Depremler sonucunda nüfus kayıpları ve yerleşim birimlerinin zarar görmesi gibi nedenlerle mekan üzerinde önemli değişimler yaşanmaktadır. 6 Şubat Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler asrın felaketi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın amacı 6 Şubat tarihinde meydana gelen depremlerin Kahramanmaraş şehrinde etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda arazi çalışmalarında gözlemler yapılmış, CBS’den yararlanılarak haritalar üretilmiş ve ortafoto görüntüleri çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Dulkadiroğlu ve Onikişubat ilçe merkezlerinde yer alan 86 mahallenin depremlerden etkilenme durumları belirlenmiştir. Mahallelerin depremlerden etkilenme durumları belirlenirken arazi çalışmalarında yapılan gözlemler, TUİK’ten elde edilen nüfus verileri kullanılmıştır ve depremlerden sonra mahallerde yaşanan nüfus değişimleri ortaya konulmuştur. Maxar uydu verileriyle bina yoğunlukları belirlenmiş, depremlerden sonra yıkılan binalar orta foto görüntüleriyle çalışmaya eklenmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları, mahalle nüfus değişim oranları ve uydu görüntüleri ile elde edilen sonuç haritasına göre mahallelerin etkilenme durumları çok, orta ve az etkilenen şeklinde belirlenmiştir. 86 mahallenin 16’sı az, 12’si orta ve 58’i depremlerden çok etkilenmiştir. Araştırma sahasında zemin bakımından yerleşmeye uygun olmayan alüvyal ve kolüvyal arazilere karşılık gelen alanlar, nüfus yoğunluğunun fazla ve dikey yapılaşmanın görüldüğü Şazibey, Hayrullah ve İsmet Paşa mahalleleri depremlerden daha fazla etkilenmiştir. Eosen dönemine ait kumtaşı ve çamurtaşlarının bulunduğu Ahır dağı ve çevresindeki mahallelerin depremlerden etkilenme durumları azdır. Yüksek katlı olmasına rağmen binaların yeni yapılması ve zemin bakımından yerleşmeye daha uygun alanlara inşa edilmesi; Cumhuriyet, Beş Nisan ve Hürriyet mahallelerinin depremlerden daha az etkilenmesini sağlamıştır. Araştırma mahalellelerin depremlerden etkilenme durumlarını ortaya koyduğu için yeniden inşa edilecek şehirde atılacak adımlarda yol gösterici olabilir.
Upper cervical spine syndrome: A new perspective
Authors: Rob Sillevis , Anne Weller Hansen
Published: June 2024

Headaches are widespread in Western Society; they affect approximately 50% of the adult population in the United States. Headaches can present with a variety of clinical and regional symptoms. Although a headache disorder classification system exists, clinical experience has identified various overlapping causes for headaches. It remains clinically challenging to identify the exact etiology causing headaches. For example, the underlying mechanism of cervicogenic headaches remains elusive, but the upper cervical spine plays a key role. Abnormal upper cervical movement patterns, in combination with muscular dysfunctions, are a possible contributing factor to headaches. The upper vertebral spinal nerves C0-C3 have been correlated with cervicogenic headaches. It has been established that biomechanical dysfunction of the upper cervical spine can contribute to neck pain. The atlas plays a key role in the biomechanical dysfunction in the upper cervical spine. Previously, it has been identified that the relative position of the atlas to the axis correlates with headaches. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that an extended contraction of the homolateral obliquus capitis inferior muscles can result in positional default rotation of the atlas. As managing headaches remains multimodal and challenging, there is enough evidence to support the inclusion of the upper cervical spine to normalize joint position, joint mobility, muscle tonicity, and upright positioning. When recognizing the “upper cervical syndrome” and addressing the functioning of the atlas, clinical outcomes will improve for those treating patients with headaches.
Sonication of α-synuclein Fibrils for injection into the mouse brain v2
Authors: Singh Vijay
Published: June 2024

Animal models that accurately recapitulate the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions, progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system and motor deficits can be useful tools for Parkinson's disease (PD) research. The preformed fibril (PFF) synucleinopathy model in rodents generally displays these PD-relevant features, however, the magnitude and predictability of these events is far from established. We therefore have optimized the sonication protocol of α-syn fibrils to ensure reliable, robust results. This protocol includes steps for sonication of PFFs on the day of injection into mice.
Behavioral Consequences of Dopaminergic Dysregulation Resulting from Violence-Induced Brain Trauma v1
Authors: Lee Spencer
Published: June 2024

This study protocol outlines the experimental procedures designed to assess the influence of trauma resulting from violence on dopamine activation and subsequent behavior. The experiment consists of three main stages, incorporating systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mutant generation in Streptococcus mitis strain B6 v1
Authors: King Samantha
Published: June 2024

This protocol is the methodology that we have successfully employed to generate and confirm insertion deletion mutants in Streptococcus mitis strain B6. Attached to the protocol is a file that includes primers for the MonX mutation
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY PROTOCOL v1
Authors: Vermilyea Scott
Published: June 2024

This protocol details about the Immunocytochemistry.
Investigation of Emerging Mathematical Leadership in Mathematics Classroom: Application of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Güder Yunus , Gürbüz Ramazan , Gülburnu Mehmet
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the types of mathematical leadership that emerge in the process of applying Interdisciplinary Mathematical Modeling activities taken from real life. For this purpose, the researchers, working with a mathematics teacher and a science teacher, developed two interdisciplinary activities (the Stream Problem and the Energy Saving Problem). The activities were implemented in two groups of 3 and 4 students (11-12 years of age) studying in the 7th grade in a provincial center in the Eastern region of Turkey. In the application process, students put forward their own mathematical and scientific ideas by using their knowledge of mathematics and science in an integrated structure, and by supporting these ideas with group discussions, they produced different models (products). In the process of creating a model, it was observed that some students' came forth within the group, with their mathematical leaderships.
Botanikai adatok Tolnából és Baranyából IV.
Authors: Tóth István Zsolt , Teleki Balázs
Published: June 2024

The authors present the most important floristic data of Tolna and Baranya coun­ties, col­lected together or separately in the last 15 years, or observed by other data providers. In total, occur­rence data of 140 taxa are reported. Most of them are protected species in Hungary, but the list also includes rarer weeds (Ado­nis flammea, Althaea cannabina, Aphanes arvensis, Bunias orientalis, Legousia speculum-veneris, Vicia lutea) and adventive species (Helminthia echioides, Oxybaphus nyctagineus, Rubia tinctorum). Several species of phytogeographical importance were also found in the forest-steppe vegetation of the loess areas studied. Occurrence of Linaria biebersteinii should be highlighted. L. biebersteinii is a very rare species in the Transda­nubian region, and is no longer found in Europe west of this region. The occurrence of Himantoglossum adriaticum is a new contribution to the flora of the southern Transdanubian region.
Inhibition of metal corrosion in neutral aqueous solutions by succinic acid salts
Authors:   A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,, Kuznetsov Yu.I. , Andreeva N.P. , Agafonkina M.O.
Published: June 2024

The adsorption, protective and passivating effect of sodium succinate and a blend of sodium alkenylsuccinates SKAP-25 on the oxidized surface of copper, copper-nickel alloy MNZh5-1 and low-carbon steel St3 in a neutral chloride solution were studied. The free adsorption energy (–ΔG0a,max) values for all studied metals suggest chemisorption interaction of these organic anion with oxidized metals surfaces: (–ΔG0a,max) for St3 60.2 kJ/mol, for copper 77.4 kJ/mol and for copper alloy 89.3 kJ/mol. Sodium succinate is able to stabilize the passive state of the MNZh5-1 alloy in a neutral chloride buffer solution. On copper, copper alloy and St3, protection against local depassivation is observed up to a certain concentration, above which the protective properties of sodium succinate decrease. Polarization measurements on the air-oxidized surface of low-carbon steel St3 showed that sodium succinate and SKAP-25, as well as their compositions with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), are able to reduce anodic dissolution currents and increase the local depassivation potential. Corrosion tests of St3 in a 0.01 M NaCl solution proved the advantage of using the composition of SKAP-25 with 2-MBT (7.1:1) in comparison with the individual compound: the degree of protection of St3 at Cinh=7 mmol/L is 99%, and sodium succinate+SKAP-25 (1:1) at Cinh=7 mmol/L is Z=93%.
Cytogenetic evaluation of 661 prenatal samples
Authors: Eren Keskin Seda , Doğruoğlu Buket , İlkay Zeynep , Sünnetçi Akkoyunlu Deniz , Çine Naci , Savlı Hakan , Doğan Yasemin , Yücesoy Gülseren
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Fetal karyotyping is commonly used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in high-risk pregnancies. Our study is intended to evaluate the results of fetal karyotyping performed in our laboratory for six years and to determine the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, thus revealing their clinical significance.
Materials and Methods: The cytogenetic results of 661 prenatal samples with an indication for invasive prenatal procedures (amniocentesis, cordocentesis) who had a chromosome analysis and FISH testing between February 2013 and March 2019 were analyzed in our study.
Results: A total of 72 (10.8%) abnormal fetal karyotypes were observed in the study group. Trisomy 21 was the most common numerical aberration (29%, n = 23), followed by trisomy 18 (16%, n = 13), trisomy 13 (2.6%, n = 2), triploid (2.6%, n = 2), sex chromosome aneuploidies (5.2%, n = 4), and rare mosaic autosomal aneuploidies (2.6%, n = 2). Inversions (16%, n = 13), inherited translocations (7.8%, n = 6), unbalanced/de novo translocations (6.5%, n = 5), deletions (5.2%, n = 4), additional chromosomes (1.3%, n = 1), isochromosomes (1.3%, n = 1), and derivative chromosomes (1.3%, n = 1) were identified as structural abnormalities. Of the 18 cases that underwent FISH testing, trisomy 18 was detected in 1 case and tetrasomy 12p was detected in 1 case.
Conclusion: Fetal karyotyping is still an effective and valuable method in the diagnosis of fetal anomalies and provision of effective genetic counseling. In addition, fetal karyotyping should be supported by complementary methods and advanced technologies for accurate and rapid prenatal genetic diagnosis.
Evaluation of the tissue doppler-derived myocardial performance index in fetuses of mothers infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy with mild symptoms
Authors: Soysal Cenk , Özdemir Rahmi
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To compare cardiac functions evaluated with echocardiography and tissue Doppler (TD) imaging between fetuses of pregnant women who were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms and fetuses of pregnant women who were not infected.
Material and Methods: Early diastolic myocardial velocities (Em) and late myocardial velocities (Am) and Em/Am ratios were measured in the lateral annuli of tricuspid and mitral valves of fetuses of pregnant women with COVID-19 at more than 20 weeks of gestational age who had COVID-19 (n=45) and gestational age-matched healthy pregnant women’s fetuses (n=43). The TD-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) was also measured.
Results: The gestational ages of the fetuses were found as 26.1 ± 3.3 and 26.6 ± 3.5 weeks, respectively. The mitral valve Em/Am ratio was 0.56±0.08 and 0.61±0.06 in the study group and the control group, respectively. The tricuspid valve Em/Am ratio was 0.58±0.11 and 0.63±0.10 in the study group and the control group, respectively. The TD-derived mitral valve MPI was 0.48±0.07 and 0.40±0.07 in the study group and the control group, respectively.
Conclusion: Maternal COVID-19 affects fetal MPI and diastolic function. Fetal cardiac echocardiography should be performed during antenatal follow-up of low-risk, mildly symptomatic pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 without concomitant maternal comorbidity.
Evaluation of palmar creases of healthy young individuals of different countries
Authors: Şahin Necati Emre , Bakıcı Rukiye Sümeyye , Öner Zülal , Toy Şeyma
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of gender and country factors on palmar creases by examining the palmar creases of young adults from various countries.
Materials and Methods: The study involved a total of 220 volunteers, including 120 males and 100 females aged 18-30, from seven different countries (Jordan, Sudan, Somalia, Iran, Iraq, Tanzania and Turkey), as well as students from Karabuk University. Hand types were evaluated based on palmar creases and the number of origins for both hands. Total Degree of Transversality (T-DoT) values for palmar creases were calculated. Classification of palmar creases and comparison of T-DoT values for both hands were performed between genders and countries.
Results: The study analyzed 440 hands from 220 individuals, identifying 1 Simian, 8 Suwon, and 5 Sydney-type hands, while categorizing the remaining 426 hands as normal type. Regarding the number of palmar crease origins, it was observed that there was a single origin in 3 hands, two origins in 309 hands and three origins in 119 hands. Significant associations were found between genders and countries in the number of palmar crease origins. In addition, significant differences in right hand T-DoT values were found between genders and countries.
Conclusion: In spite of limitations in sample selection and size, these results are important in providing a basis for future in-depth research on palmar creases at later stages, although generalizability to the specific countries represented in the sample may be limited. Consequently, this study highlights variations among countries concerning both the number of palm crease origins and right-hand T-DoT values.
Beneficial role of crocin against doxorubicin-induced testicular damage in rats: insights into vimentin modulation
Authors: Özgül Önal Melike , Asaad Sara , Yiğittürk Gürkan , Yaşar Volkan , Biçer Yasemin , Çetinavcı Dilan , Altınöz Eyüp , Demir Mehmet , Elbe Hülya , Öztürk Feral
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a wide-spectrum antibiotic used for chemotherapy. Its side effects limit treatment. Crocin is one of the carotenoids that has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We aimed to evaluate the effects of crocin against doxorubicin-induced testicular damage in rats.
Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Crocin, Group 3: DOX, Group 4: DOX+Crocin (n=10, for all). Testis tissues were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The diameters of seminiferous tubules were measured and the testicular mean histopathologic damage score (MHDS) was calculated. Vimentin expression in Sertoli cells was calculated as H-Score. Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in testis tissues. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) were also calculated.
Results: Atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in the DOX group. Edema, vacuolization, and disorganization were present in the injured tubules. The MHDSs for the DOX group and control groups were 4.60±0.45 and 0.20±0.13, respectively. Both of these groups showed a significant difference. The histopathologic score was reduced after using crocin. Tubule damage considerably decreased while immunoexpression levels of vimentin and seminiferous tubule width significantly increased in the DOX+Crocin group compared to the DOX group. MDA and TOS levels were significantly increased after DOX treatment, and GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAS levels were significantly decreased. All biochemical indicators were greatly improved after receiving crocin.
Conclusion: Crocin supplementation exhibited adequate beneficial effects against the testicular damage of DOX-induced function by balancing the oxidant/antioxidant status.
Antinociceptive effect of bupropion on visceral pain and its mechanism of action
Authors: Yeşilyurt İsa , Darakcı Saltık Özge , Bozkurt Ayhan
Published: June 2024

PPurpose: Bupropion is an antidepressant that inhibits noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake. In the current scientific literature, there is limited information regarding the effects of bupropion on pain, predominantly derived from somatic pain studies. This study aims to investigate the impact of bupropion for the first time in visceral pain induced by colorectal distension, a pure visceral pain model, and to reveal the role of various receptors involved in pain control in this effect.
Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Visceral pain was assessed by colorectal distension-induced visceromotor response. Bupropion is administered gastrically at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses. The mechanism of action of bupropion at the spinal cord level was investigated by intrathecal administration of antagonists of α1 and α2 adrenoceptors (prazosin and yohimbine), D1 and D2 dopamine (SCH 23390 and sulpiride) and opioid receptors (naloxone) 10 minutes before bupropion’s effective dose.
Results: Bupropion showed significant antinociceptive effects at 20 and 40 mg/kg intragastric doses; no difference was found between these two doses. Intrathecally administered yohimbine (30 µg/rats), sulpiride (30 µg/rats, i.t.), and naloxone (2.5 µg/rats) diminished the antinociceptive effect of bupropion. Prazosin and SCH 23390 did not alter bupropion’s effect.
Conclusion: The findings show the antinociceptive effect of bupropion in visceral pain, and adrenergic, dopaminergic, and opioidergic receptors in the spinal cord play a role in this effect.
Effectiveness of X-ray film in diagnosing peptic ulcer perforation
Authors: Ceylan Cengiz , Bilen Zafer , Aydın Cemalettin
Published: June 2024

Purpose: A retrospective case-control study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic efficacy of X-ray film in detecting peptic ulcer perforation (PUP).
Materials and Methods: The study retrieved demographic data, perioperative observations, and postoperative results of 353 patients from the hospital repository. These individuals were categorized into two cohorts depending on the detection of intraperitoneal free air on X-ray imaging.
Results: The study cohort exhibited a median age of 57 years (interquartile range: IQR 38-71), comprising predominantly males (82.4%). Intraperitoneal free air was evident in 73.1% of patients on X-ray imaging. In the multivariate analyses of the respective groups, time interval and diabetes mellitus (DM) emerged as independent risk factors. Notably, the sensitivity of X-ray film heightened with prolonged duration between symptom onset and emergency department admission, while specificity increased in the presence of DM.
Conclusion: The imperative for supplementary imaging modalities in conjunction with clinical assessment is apparent in the diagnostic approach to PUP. Nonetheless, the fluctuation in sensitivity and specificity of X-ray film concerning DM and the duration from symptom onset to emergency department admission warrants careful consideration. Especially in cases where clinical suspicion of PUP exists despite the absence of intraperitoneal free air on X-ray, the utilization of advanced diagnostic techniques is advocated.
The association between C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and aortic arch calcification in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Köktürk Uğur , Çakan Fahri
Published: June 2024

Purpose: We evaluated the association between the severity of aortic arch calcification (AAC) and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.
Materials and Methods: 288 patients who presented with ACS and underwent coronary angiography were enrolled analysis. CAR was calculated as serum CRP/albumin x 10. The AAC was separated into four groups (0 to 3): Grade 0-1 AAC was defined as the non-severe AAC group, and those with grade 2-3 AAC were defined as the severe AAC group.
Results: CRP and CAR were significantly higher in the severe AAC group than in the non-severe AAC group. Multivariate analysis determined that CAR and age were positively associated in ACS patients as an independent predictor of severe AAC. CAR area under the curve (AUC) and CRP AUC demonstrated parallel curves compared to albumin levels, indicating higher statistical significance. The AUC for albumin was 0.349 (95% CI: 0.286-0.413). The AUC for CAR was 0.695, 95% CI 0.625 to 0.753, for CRP the AUC was 0.684 (95% CI: 0.620-0.748). After stratification into 2 groups according to the CAR cut-off value (1.664), the rate of severe AAC was importantly often in high CAR patients compared to in low CAR patients (56.7% vs 23.7%).
Conclusion: CAR, an easily calculable, repeatable, and valid surrogate marker of inflammation, can be used reliably to indicate severe AAC in ACS patients.
PD-L1, MMR, and EGFR expression in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Karabağ Sevil , Öznur Meltem
Published: June 2024

Purpose: There are limited studies on gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the literature. This study aimed to determine PD-L1 and EGFR expression in primary G1 and G2 NETs and neuroendocrine carcinoma located in the gastrointestinal system, explore the relationship between grades, and investigate the loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression and its association with PD-L1 expression.
Materials and Methods: All patients diagnosed with primary gastrointestinal NETs between January 2017 and January 2021 were included in this study. The study evaluated the protein expression of PD-L1, EGFR, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 by immunohistochemistry. A total of 30 patients were included in the study.
Results: PD-L1 expression was detected in tumor cells and/or tumor microenvironment immune cells in 8 cases (28%), consisting of four G1, two G2, and two NEC cases. There was no significant relationship between histological grade and PD-L1 expression. A loss of expression of at least one MMR protein was noted in 16 cases (53%). A loss of MMR protein expression was detected in five of the eight cases with PD-L1 expression. EGFR expression was not detected in any of the cases.
Conclusion: The study revealed a loss of MMR protein expression in 53% and PD-L1 expression in 27% of gastrointestinal NETs. This study might be a pioneer for future studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors in microsatellite-unstable NETs, thereby contributing to providing a treatment alternative for this group of patients.
The effects of mesenchymal stem cells applied during the subacute period in peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Kıroğlu Olcay , Maytalman Erkan , Alizade Ares , Emre Mustafa , Zorludemir Suzan , Aksu Fazilet
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) administered subacute period to neuropathic mice on allodynia and nerve-muscle tissue functions during 24 weeks.
Materials and Methods: Peripheral neuropathy was induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. Experiments were conducted in Control, Sham, Neuropathic, BM-MSC, and Neuropathic+BM-MSC groups. Allodynia was measured by cold plate test at the 2nd, 6th, and 24th weeks. Electrophysiological and histopathological examinations were performed on isolated nerve-muscle tissues at the end of the 24th week.
Results: Allodynia threshold increased in the Neuropathic+BM-MSC group (7.76±0.33 sec) from the 6th week and continued to increase along 24 weeks compared to the Neuropathic group (4.36±0.21 sec). Action potential (137.9±7.85 mV) and depolarization (0.74±0.01 msec) values of the Neuropathic+BM-MSC group exhibited partial improvement compared to the Neuropathic group (121.5±3.03 mV and 0.81±0.02 msec, respectively) at the 24th week. Muscle tissue's resting membrane potential values increased in the Neuropathic+BM-MSC group compared to the Neuropathic group (-73.4±0.2 and -87.7±0.2 mV, respectively). Histopathological examination of nerve tissue revealed loss of myelinated axons and significant fibrosis in the endoneurium in the Neuropathic group while Schwann cell proliferation and preservation of myelinated axons were observed in the Neuropathic+BM-MSC group. Muscle fiber atrophy, compensatory hypertrophic fibers, and increased central nuclei were seen in the Neuropathic group, while small atrophic muscle fiber groups were identified in the Neuropathic+BM-MSC group.
Conclusion: BM-MSC application in the subacute period is found to reduce allodynia and provide functional recovery in nerve-muscle tissue in experimental peripheral neuropathy.
INSL3 suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in N9 microglia cells
Authors: Şaker Dilek , Coşkun Gülfidan , Polat Sait
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The G-protein coated receptor (GPCR) family, including the Insulin-Like Peptide 3 (INSL3) receptor, is involved in the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated pathway in inflammation. In this regard, it can be thought that INSL3 plays a role in inflammation via the NF-κB pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of INSL3 on inflammation and cell viability in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced N9 microglia cell line.
Materials and Methods: N9 microglial cells were pretreated with INSL3 for 2 hours, and then treated with LPS for 6 hours. Cell viability was identified by WST-8 assay. Immunostaining was performed to evaluate the levels of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NF-κB.
Results: The cells in the LPS group showed degenerative changes in morphology and decreased cell viability. In the INSL3+LPS group (1.21±0.06), the general appearance and viability of the cells were more similar to the control group (1.92±0.04) compared to the LPS group (0.61±0.05). It was determined that INSL3 prevented the LPS-induced increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB levels and decreased cell death.
Conclusion: INSL3 suppresses inflammation and thus promotes cellular healing and can be considered a therapeutic agent that reduces inflammation.
Evaluation of the possible relationship between hemorrhoidal disease and varicocele in adult men
Authors: Taşkın Ali Kemal , Gül Abdullah , Kat Nurcan
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Although hemorrhoidal disease and varicocele have a similar etiopathogenesis. However, the relationship between the two diseases is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of varicocele in hemorrhoid disease.
Materials and Methods: The patients included in the study were separated into two groups: the patiens with internal or external hemorrhoid (group 1, n =100) and the patients with no hemororhoid (group 2- control group, n=100). Internal hemorrhoids were classified as grade 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the 2018 classification of the American Society of Colon and Rectum Surgeons standards committee. Then, group 1 and group 2 patients were compared in terms of varicocele frequency.
Results: Varicocele was determined at a statistically significant higher rate in the patients with hemorrhoids than in the control group. In the correlation analysis, a weak positive correlation was determined between the varicoele grade and internal hemorrhoid grade.
Conclusion: As the grade of hemorrhoid disease increased, so there was also observed to be an increase in varicocele grade. Therefore, varicocele disease must be taken into consideration in the evaluation of hemorrhoid disease.
Pengaruh Rasio Sari Kulit Kopi Arabika Dan Konsentrasi CMC (Carboxyl methyl cellulose) Berbeda Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Organoleptik Selai Cascara
Authors: Romauli Nauas Domu Marihot , Nurminah Mimi , Siahaan Felinda Tria Kasih
Published: June 2024

Abstrak. Penelitian ini tentang selai yang terbuat dari bahan dasar kulit kopi arabika dengan rasio air yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan sari dan penambahan konsentrasi CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh rasio air dengan kulit kopi arabika serta pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi CMC terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu rasio air dengan kulit kopi (R)  terdiri dari 3 taraf 1:1, 2:1, 3:1. Faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi CMC (carboxyl methyl cellulose) (K) terdiri dari 4 taraf 0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 1,25% dengan pengulangan 3 kali. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah aktivitas antioksidan, uji daya oles dan uji organoleptik (warna, rasa aroma, penerimaan umum). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio air yang semakin tinggi menurunkan tingkat persentase antioksidan pada kulit kopi arabika, konsentrasi CMC yang semakin banyak menyebabkan selai cascara sulit di oles pada permukaan roti. Berdasarkan pengujian organoleptik warna, rasa, aroma dan penerimaan umum memiliki rerata nilai 6 yaitu suka dan selai cascara dapat diterima oleh panelis. The Effect of Different Ratios of Arabica Coffee Skin Juice and CMC (Carboxyl methyl cellulose) Concentrations on the Antioxidant and Organoleptic Activities of Cascara Jam Abstract. This research was about jam made from Arabica coffee pulp with different water ratios to produce juice and the addition of CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) concentration. This research aims to determine the effect of the ratio of water to Arabica coffee skins and the effect of adding CMC concentration on physical and chemical properties. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor, namely the ratio of water to coffee pulp (R), consists of three levels: 1:1, 2:1, 3:1. The second factor is the concentration of CMC (carboxyl methyl cellulose) (K), consisting of 4 levels of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25% with repetition three times. The analyses carried out were antioxidant activity, spreadability test, and organoleptic test (color, taste, aroma, general acceptability). The results of the research show that a higher water ratio reduces the percentage level of antioxidants in Arabica coffee pulp, the water ratio in different CMC concentration gave significantly different effect (sig0.05) on the antioxidant value. The higher concentration of CMC makes cascara jam difficult to spread on the surface of the bread. The use of 1.25% CMC gave the lowest spreadibility, meanwhile the use of 0.5% and 0.75% gave spreadibility of cascara jam near 6 scale. Based on organoleptic testing of color, taste, aroma, and general acceptance, it has an average score of 6, and cascara jam can be accepted by the panelists.
Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Tourism Planning: A Hetero-Intelligence Methodology Proposal
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Yñiguez-Ovando Rocío , Buitrago-Esquinas Eva Maria ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Puig-Cabrera Miguel ,   Universidade do Algarve, Santos Margarida Custódio ,   Universidade do Algarve, Santos José António C. ,   Universidade do Algarve
Published: June 2024

This study explores the growing significance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in tourism, for their current and potential applications. It aims to achieve two primary objectives: first, to develop a novel hetero-intelligence framework merging human and artificial intelligence (AI) to address contemporary sustainability challenges in tourism; second, to validate this framework by applying it to sustainable tourism planning, assessing LLMs' capabilities and limitations. The research employs a hetero-intelligence performance test, contrasting human intelligence and AI contributions in sustainable tourism planning with overtourism as a proxy challenge. Results showed that hetero-intelligence could effectively address sustainability issues in tourism, provided human and AI strengths and weaknesses are understood. LLMs proved useful in diagnosing and proposing solutions for sustainability-related issues. However, a rigorous methodological framework is essential to ensure unbiased outcomes. The research offers practical guidelines for applying this approach and significantly contributes to epistemological and empirical dimensions, providing valuable insights for researchers and tourism planners. The study calls for more empirical research to validate the methodology and explore ethical and legal dimensions, extending hetero-intelligence applications to broader sustainability challenges in tourism.
Thyroid hormone status in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia
Authors: Taleb M. Abu , Rouf M. Abdur , Kumer Prodip , Bhuyan M. Rasel , Khandokar Sumona , Alam M. Fakhrul
Published: June 2024

Background: Thalassemia, a prevalent genetic disorder, necessitates recurrent blood transfusions for life, precipitating iron overload and premature death. In β-thalassemia major (BTM), hypothyroidism prevalence fluctuates (6-30%) globally, influenced by diverse chelation regimens. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thyroid hormone levels in pediatric patients diagnosed with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT).
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the paediatrics department of Sir Salimullah medical college Mitford hospital, Dhaka, focusing on TDT patients aged 4 to 18 years. Exclusions comprised known cases of hypothyroidism, children receiving hormonal therapy, those with a family history of hypothyroidism, and individuals with fewer than 10 blood transfusions. Serum separation involved centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes, with subsequent aliquoting into two screw-capped dry clean vials: 1 ml each for FT4/TSH and serum ferritin estimation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.
Results: Eighty-seven transfusion dependent thalassemia children aged between 4 to 18 years were chosen in this study. The hypothyroidism was seen in 7 (8%) patients. Of these, 4 (4.6%) participants were compensated hypothyroid and 3 (3.4%) participants were uncompensated hypothyroid. Most of the participants were hypothyroidism with Hb E-β thalassemia. The mean serum ferritin level was 2578.49±1385.06 ng/ml. Positive correlation of TSH with duration of disease (in years), total number of blood transfusion times and serum ferritin were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that 8% of the children with TDT have hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is more frequent among Hb E β-thalassemic children as compared to β-thalassemic children.
Pediatric asthma and eosinophilia: insights from nasal and blood smear analyses
Authors: M. B. Shervani , M. R. Savitha , K. B. Esaivani
Published: June 2024

Background: Allergic respiratory maladies, particularly pediatric asthma, pose substantial challenges in public health. This cross-sectional investigation endeavours to unravel the eosinophilic landscape within nasal cytological specimens and peripheral blood samples of pediatric asthma cohorts, with a keen focus on discerning the correlation between nasal and systemic eosinophilia.
Methods: Sixty-six pediatric asthma subjects, aged 6 to 18, under the care of Cheluvamba hospital in Mysuru, were meticulously recruited over an extensive 18-month period.
Results: Analysis unveiled a conspicuous preponderance of male participants, with a mean age range spanning 9 to 13 years. Intriguingly, the presence of allergic rhinitis (AR) exhibited no discernible statistically significant nexus with either asthma severity or eosinophilic markers. Noteworthy findings include peripheral eosinophilia detected in 56% of subjects, juxtaposed against nasal eosinophilia observed in 20%; however, no statistically meaningful correlation emerged between nasal and peripheral eosinophilia.
Conclusions: The inquiry culminated in a robust affirmation that mean nasal eosinophil count and blood absolute eosinophil count (AEC) exhibit a salient association with asthma severity and control in pediatric cohorts, irrespective of AR presence. Particularly, a discernible augmentation in mean AEC and nasal eosinophil count was discerned concomitant with exacerbating asthma severity and in cases of partial/ uncontrolled asthma.
Clinical profile and outcome of patients admitted in pediatric intensive care unit of tertiary care teaching hospital of rural North India: an observational study
Authors: Kirpal Harita , Behl Anuradha , Jain Sanjana , Pandit Saguna
Published: June 2024

Background: Aim of the study was to study the clinical profile of the patients admitted in the intensive care unit and their outcomes in the rural area of north India.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the PICU of rural tertiary care centre over a period of one and half year. The severity of illness and outcome were analyzed using PRISM (Pediatric risk of mortality) and PIM2 (Pediatric index of mortality) scores.
Results: A total of 500 patients with mean age of patients admitted in PICU was 8.08±5.56 years. The most affected system was found to be the CNS (34.80%), followed by GIT (27.40%), respiratory (17%) and various other causes (13.6%) and CVS (7.2%). There was an overall mortality of 13.40% and a survival percentage of 86.60%. Significant association was seen between various variables of PRISM and PIM2 scores. Both PRISM and PIM2 score proved with good predictors of mortality and severity of illness. However, higher value was not a sure indication of mortality. Attributed to the fact, the current scope of study leveraged into a prospective observational study with multitude of variables, multivariate analysis with random sampling was performed by SPSS 21. Significant levels were corroborated at (p<0.05) to validate mortality (outcome) based on PIM2 and PRISM scores in first place.
Conclusions: The knowledge of demographic and clinical profile of the patients in a particular area and use of physiological scores can help streamline the use of limited resources in PICUs of developing countries.
Intestinal hypomagnesemia-two cases of recurrent seizures: a diagnostic odyssey
Authors: Soodhana Dhanya , Anirudhan Deepa , Krishnanunni Sudha , Pachat Divya , Nayar Lathika , Menon Janaki
Published: June 2024

Familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (FHSH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is manifested as severe hypomagnesemia and moderate to severe hypocalcemia. Affected children present with refractory seizures in infancy. It results from mutations in the gene encoding transient receptor potential cation channel member 6 (TRPM6) on chromosome 9q22. The primary defect is impaired intestinal absorption of magnesium with secondary defect in the renal conservation of magnesium. We report two infants who presented with refractory seizures beginning in the first three months of life, the clinical phenotype of both these children was normal. Both were diagnosed to have hypocalcemic seizures. The children were managed with intravenous calcium and magnesium during their hospital stay, however were discharged on calcium supplementation alone. As they continued to have seizures inspite of good compliance to medications and in view of persistently low magnesium levels, hypomagnesemia as a cause of seizures was considered. Genetic evaluation revealed variants in the TRPM6 gene in both the cases The seizures were brought under control once the magnesium levels were normalized. A possibility of hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia should be thought of in any case of refractory hypocalcemia and inappropriately low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) The purpose of this series is to highlight the importance of systematically working up children with inherited hypomagnesemia.
Inferior humeral head subluxation after acute humeral shaft fractures
Authors: Gass Henry M. , Seilern Jesse , Cantu Nicolas , Jones Corey A. , Moore Thomas J.
Published: June 2024

Background: Inferior humeral head subluxation (IHHS) is an abnormal inferior translation of the humeral head with respect to the glenoid. While well described for proximal humerus fractures there is little literature regarding IHHS in humeral shaft fractures and the impact of IHHS on fracture healing during non-operative treatment. This study characterized the prevalence and impact of IHHS among patients with acute humeral shaft fractures at a large urban trauma center.
Methods: This retrospective analysis included 62 patients treated conservatively for acute humeral shaft fractures at a single level I trauma center from 2018-2021. Occurrence of IHHS in millimeters was measured radiographically as the distance between the inferior glenoid edge and humeral anatomic neck, a distance greater than 10 mm was considered positive. Demographic data, injury mechanism, AO/OTA fracture classification, risk factors (history of stroke, smoking, diabetes mellitus, radial nerve palsy on presentation, any neurovascular disorder), and failure of conservative management (surgical fixation after a 90-day trial) was recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate association between risk factors, treatment outcome, and IHHS resolution.
Results: At an average follow-up of 18 weeks, IHHS was noted at any time point in 32.3% patients. All cases of IHHS resolved without formal treatment. No factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of IHHS. 17.7% patients failed conservative treatment, only three had IHHS.
Conclusions: Although IHHS occurred in one third of the study population, it was not significantly correlated with failed conservative management or the need for surgical intervention.  This study expands the scope of this phenomenon to include humeral shaft fractures.