bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Records of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions
Authors: Gañan Melisa , Contador Tamara , Rendoll Javier , Simoes Felipe , Pérez Carolina , Graham Gillian , Castillo Simón , Kennedy James , Convey Peter
Published: January 2021

This study provides the summary of the reports of the geographical distribution in the Maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions of Parochlus steinenii (Gercke, 1889) (Diptera, Chironomidae), the only flying insect occurring naturally in the Antarctic continent. The distribution encompasses the South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic), South Georgia (sub-Antarctic), and parts of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR, southern Chile). In total 78 occurrence records were identified, 53 from our own records, 19 from the literature, and six from other data present in GBIF. Of the 78 records, 66 are from the South Shetland Islands, eight are from South Georgia, and four from the CHBR. This database was developed as one of the main objectives of two Chilean-funded research projects addressing understanding the effects of climate change on sub-Antarctic and Antarctic insects. It provides dataset documenting the distribution of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic, the sub-Antarctic, and the CHBR in southern South America (Chile). The complete dataset is available in Darwin Core Archive format via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Description of a new species, Sillago nigrofasciata sp. nov. (Perciformes, Sillaginidae) from the southern coast of China
Authors: Xiao Jia-Guang , Yu Zheng-Sen , Song Na , Gao Tian-Xiang
Published: January 2021

A new Sillago species, the black-banded sillago, Sillago nigrofasciatasp. nov., is described based on 302 specimens sampled from the southern coast of China. Morphological comparisons have been conducted between the new species and ten other Sillago species. The results show that the new species is characterized by a black mid-lateral band below the lateral line when fresh; other characteristics are similar to those of Sillago sihama but subtle differences exist on the swim bladder between Sillago nigrofasciata sp. nov. and S. sihama. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for the new species. The validity of this new species is also supported by a genetic comparison using sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.
Risks of aflatoxin exposure among adolescents in boarding schools in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania
Authors: Nicholaus C. , Martin H.D. , Matemu A. , Kimiywe J. , Kassim N.
Published: January 2021

School feeding in low-income countries is dominated by cereals and legumes, which are susceptible to aflatoxin contamination but are usually not assessed for aflatoxins. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess aflatoxin exposure among adolescents through consumption of school meals in Kilimanjaro region. Food frequency questionnaires and 24 h dietary recalls were used to collect information on food consumption. At least four samples of common food used in school meals were collected. A deterministic approach was used to estimate the dietary aflatoxin exposure. High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse presence of aflatoxin contamination. Results showed that, maize based food and beans were consumed on daily basis. The intake of maize flour and dehulled maize ranged from 17.5 to 738.2 g and 28.2 to 272 g per person per day respectively. Furthermore, consumption of beans and rice were in the range of 121.1 to 595.2 g and 15.7 to 42.2 g per person per day respectively. Total aflatoxins ranged 0.20-438.53 μg/kg (median 2.30 μg/kg). The highest contamination range (0.59-438.53 μg/kg) was in maize while the lowest (0.20-3.41 μg/kg) was found in rice. Similarly, the highest aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentration (35.88 μg/kg) was in dehulled maize while the lowest (0.44 μg/kg) was in rice. The highest dietary exposure to total aflatoxins and AFB1 due to consumption of maize ranged from 0.70 to 973.45 ng/kg/bodyweight (bw)/day, and from 0.05-81.06 ng/kg/bw/day, respectively. This pronounced risk of exposure to aflatoxins might have been contributed by a monotonous maize based diet in boarding schools. These findings call for institutions immediate interventions, such as the use of appropriate storage technologies, sorting, cleaning and winnowing in order to remove damaged grains, thereby reducing the risk of dietary exposure to aflatoxins. Likewise, the relevant ministries should consider food diversification and routine risk assessments of the susceptible crops throughout the value chain as a long-term intervention plan at policy level.
Fusarium mycotoxin content andFusarium species presence in Czech organic and conventional wheat
Authors: Polišenská I. , Jirsa O. , Salava J. , Sedláčková I. , Frydrych J.
Published: January 2021

Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone content and the presence ofFusarium species in organically and conventionally grown wheat harvested in the Czech Republic during 2015-2017 were studied. Mycotoxin contamination was compared using two approaches. The first was based on samples taken from randomly selected farms in individual regions of the Czech Republic, both organic (154 samples) and conventional (330 samples). In the second approach, a sample set of conventional wheat compatible with organic one was formed, with samples paired according to the preceding crop and region of harvest. Using the first approach, mycotoxins were shown to be higher in conventional wheat; however, there was no difference in mycotoxin contamination between organic and conventional wheat using the second approach. Eight wheat samples with mycotoxin content above the EU limits were found, seven for deoxynivalenol (2.1%) and one for zearalenone (0.3%), all of them originated from conventional farming system. Six of them had maize as the preceding crop. The presence of fiveFusarium species (Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium poae andFusarium sporotrichioides) was compared for the compatible wheat sample sets (second approach). The predominant species were found to beF. poae andF. graminearum in both the organic and conventional wheat. Harvest year significantly influenced both the occurrence of the mainFusarium species and the level of mycotoxin contamination. The study confirmed that (a) organic farming system was able to keep mycotoxin contamination of wheat at a low level, (b) in studies on the significance of organic/conventional agricultural practice on mycotoxin levels in cereals, it is important to pay attention to common production and environmental variables.
Digital Measurement of Mental Health: Challenges, Promises, and Future Directions
Authors: Abbas Anzar , Schultebraucks Katharina , Galatzer-Levy Isaac R.
Published: January 2021

Digital health technologies are advancing characterization of mental health and functioning using objective, sensitive, and scalable tools for measurement of disease. These efforts directly address well-documented issues with traditional clinical assessments of psychiatric functioning, which can be burdensome, subjective, and insensitive to change. In this article, we highlight novel approaches for digital phenotyping of mental health. Each approach is categorized by the way biomarker data are collected, focusing on passive monitoring, active assessment, individual self-report, and biological measurement. Common challenges faced by each of these approaches are discussed, including pathways to validation, regulatory approval, and integration into patient care and clinical research. Finally, we present our perspective on the promise of such technology, focusing on how integration of independent digital measurement tools into a common technological infrastructure would allow for highly accurate, multimodal machine learning models for unprecedented objective measurement of mental health.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2021;51(1):14–20.]
The Use of SAP as a Knowledge Management Tool at an Australian Research University
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Monoar , Zyngier Suzanne
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the role of SAP (a leading enterprise resource planning [ERP] system) in enabling knowledge management (KM) practice at a research university as a KM tool. A qualitative case study approach is pursued to achieve a rich and in-depth understanding of this organizational phenomenon. KM is understood by the university as consisting of four phases: knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application. This study finds that the use of SAP system enables the process of knowledge management within the case organization through several means including idea generation, prime repository of knowledge, sharing workflow information, and facilitating decision making. Based on empirical evidence, this case provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of SAP systems in supporting KM process, which contributes to the theoretical domains of both ERP system and KM. This study provides guidelines for practitioners to create strategies for successful KM practice in concert with to the development of IT strategy.
Knowledge Management Model Building for Business Resilience, Continuity, and Sustainability
Authors: Elezi Enis , Bamber Christopher
Published: January 2021

This chapter presents a framework composed with the purpose of identifying the necessary components required to develop a knowledge management model that is bespoke to business needs and capabilities, allows management to design resilient practices, and undertakes continuity planning for business sustainability. Hence, this chapter identifies and discusses the emerging knowledge management approaches and their impact on developing business resilience and continuity. The chapter discusses the importance of knowledge processing stages, elaborates on knowledge forms, and types that businesses need to combine while seeking to develop sustainable practices. Work presented in this chapter also explores the resources required to support the development of knowledge management systems and strategies. Furthermore, the authors examine and elaborate on business factors that are needed to facilitate the implementation of knowledge management and provide guidelines for practitioners interested in developing strategies that assist with business resilience, continuity, and sustainability.
Knowledge Management Strategies for Higher Education
Authors: Çalış Uslu Banu , Doğan Buket , Yıldız Kazım , Bas Anil , Demir Önder , Ülkü Eyüp Emre
Published: January 2021

With digital transformation and progress in science, developing process capabilities with limited resources has gained immense importance for higher education institutions. To provide the highest quality education services and manage the information and knowledge management processes, appropriate strategies, and related key performance management factors must be defined efficiently. In the literature, numerous models and tools have been proposed to measure knowledge management capabilities (Mohapatra et al., 2016; Imran et al., 2017; Dayan et al., 2017; Trivella et al., 2015). This chapter aims to develop a better understanding of the relationship between knowledge management processes and propose an assessment model of knowledge management system for higher education institutions to measure knowledge resources and their capabilities. To do so, the knowledge management system is identified by four main attributes (People, Processes, Technology and Culture) and each attribute is comprehensively analysed in a dedicated section.
Evaluating Knowledge Management Practices in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
Authors: Ibrahim Fahmi , Ali Diyana Najwa
Published: January 2021

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are in knowledge intensive environments and play a central role in knowledge creation and production through research, learning, and teaching. It is important to consider that knowledge plays a vital role to HEIs and thus could benefit from established KM practices. The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the practices or implementation of knowledge management (KM) within HEIs in the context of Brunei Darussalam. It examines the importance, processes and the challenges or barriers of KM practices. The findings demonstrate that among the HEIs in Brunei that have developed KM initiatives, there are differences in the role and approaches. This verifies that KM is multifaceted concept and contextual in practice. Moreover, the findings revealed how knowledge in theory is managed and conceptualised. In conclusion, KM plays a significant role in HEIs in Brunei Darussalam with a contribution through a conceptual KMPro framework which has the potential to provide a guideline for HEIs practitioners to succeed in KM which was criticised as elusive.
Modeling the Sustainable Development Nexus as a Complicated-Coupled System
Authors: Zelinka David , Daher Bassel
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the universal concept of a system through the lens of system thinking and science and applies it to the concept of sustainable development. Because system science is inherently multidisciplinary, examples and concepts are borrowed from many disciplines. Any system can be explained through multiple dimensions or components of which this chapter details ‘structure' by modeling systems as static cross-impact networks; it frames sustainable development—referred to as anthropocentric systems—as an interconnected group of sectors, like an economy, using a nexus approach. As nations work toward implementing the complex and interconnected United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this chapter offers methods to identify the type of interactions and quantify the strengths among them. This approach supports the process of priority setting and highlights areas in particular needed for policy coordination across different sectors.
Production Complexity of the Iranian Performing Arts
Authors: Abdollahi Hooman , Alamneh Amsalu Tadele , Sharif Nazanin
Published: January 2021

Theater is referred to as a cultural product which plays a major part in the cultural paradigm of civilized societies. Public theater is a type of performing arts in which the production receives financial support from the government. Therefore, the public theater production follows a complex trend controlled by a particular socio-economic system. The aims of this study are to identify interactions among financial and economic factors in the Iranian public theater and to find the possible threats and suggest effective policies in order to improve the position of the Iranian theater. For this purpose, the authors use system dynamics methodology to build a model that can explain or mimic the system. They present their analysis in accordance with principles of microeconomics. The analysis is conducted in three acts, namely production, distribution, and consumption. Findings reveal that the position of the Iranian public theater is undesired due to accumulated workforce, lack of distribution networks, and underconsumption. Finally, policies are suggested to overcome the shortcomings.
Governance, Complexity, and Resilience of the Kenyan Mobile Industry in the Context of Its Strategic Vision
Authors: Omamo Amos O. , Rodrigues Anthony Joachim , Muliaro Joseph W.
Published: January 2021

Assessing the impact of existing and emerging mobile technologies on individuals and societies is a complex task. Various models of the telecommunication industry have been developed and differ from country to country. The study analyses the Kenyan mobile industry's governance, complexity, and resilience. It investigates the emerging notion of “resilience” as a perspective for understanding how societies can cope with, and develop from, disturbances and change. A resilience approach to governance issues shows a great deal of promise to enable a more refined understanding of the dynamics of rapid, interlinked, and multiscale change. Simulation is done of the Kenyan mobile industry. The simulation result proves that the regulator Communications Authority of Kenya (CAK) is resilient amid the continuous change in the telecom industry. This study also uses the model to analyze mobile industry policy and concludes with policy suggestions to improve the expected mobile industry services and governance for developing countries.
Synchronization and Anti-Synchronization of Unidirectional and Bidirectional Coupled Chaotic Systems by Terminal Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Azar Ahmad Taher , Serrano Fernando E. , Ahmad Kamal Nashwa
Published: January 2021

In this chapter, the synchronization and anti-synchronization of coupled unidirectional and bi-directional chaotic systems by terminal sliding mode control strategy are shown. The unidirectional synchronization consists in establishing a drive chaotic system and a response chaotic system in order to synchronize the variables of the response system in finite time. The unidirectional and bi-directional anti-synchronization consist in anti-synchronizing mutually a coupled chaotic system in both directions. For these purposes, terminal sliding mode control techniques are implemented. Three systems considered for experimental purposes in this study, a Lorenz, Rossler, and Ikeda systems are used for analysis and experimentation of synchronization and anti-synchronization. Three numerical experiments are shown to test the performance of the obtained proposed strategy.
Soft-Computing-Based Real-Time Control of Two Wheel Mobile Robot (TWMR)
Authors: Kharola Ashwani , Raiwani Suyashi , Kharola Shristi
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers various soft-computing techniques for control of self-balancing two wheel mobile robot (TWMR). Initially, a mathematical model of the system was developed using Newton's second law. Thereafter, a simulink of the proposed system was developed in Matlab Simulink environment. Two different controllers, namely fuzzy logic controller and ANFIS controller, were used for control of proposed system. Finally, a real-time model of TWMR was designed which was controlled using Arduino Uno microcontroller, and its results were used for training of ANFIS controller.
Discrete Time Chaotic Maps With Application to Random Bit Generation
Authors: Moysis Lazaros , Taher Azar Ahmad , Tutueva Aleksandra , Butusov Denis N. , Volos Christos
Published: January 2021

Chaotic behavior is a term that is attributed to dynamical systems whose solutions are highly sensitive to initial conditions. This means that small perturbations in the initial conditions can lead to completely different trajectories in the solution space. These types of chaotic dynamical systems arise in various natural or artificial systems in biology, circuits, engineering, computer science, and more. This chapter reports on some new chaotic discrete time two-dimensional maps that are derived from simple modifications to the well-known Hénon, Lozi, Sine-Sine, and Tinkerbell maps. Numerical simulations are carried out for different parameter values and initial conditions, and it is shown that the mappings either diverge to infinity or converge to attractors of many different shapes. The application to random bit generation is then considered using a collection of the proposed maps by applying a simple rule. The resulting bit generator successfully passes all statistical tests performed.
The Impact of ICTs on Accessible Tourism
Authors: Teixeira Pedro , Teixeira Leonor , Eusébio Celeste , Silva Samuel , Teixeira António
Published: January 2021

There is a clear need to address the technological effects of providing conditions for accessibility in tourism. Accessible tourism is becoming very important, and technology may be the tool which will surpass barriers to accessibility in tourism. New information technologies focus not just on the divulgation of information, but also on making sure everything is connected, which in the case of accessible tourism has significant value. Therefore, this chapter aims to share the results of a systematic literature review conducted on the topic of the impact of ICTs on accessible tourism. The research will be done via analysis of a range of bibliometric indicators present in the main academic and research databases. This approach will allow the characterization of the main technologies in the service of accessible tourism and an understanding of how they can enhance the quality of tourism experiences for people with disabilities.
Competitiveness Factors of Accessible Tourism E-Travel Agencies
Authors: Rubio-Escuderos Lucía , García-Andreu Hugo
Published: January 2021

This chapter aims to detect the differentiating factors of the accessible e-travel agencies that enable them to be competitive in the market and, therefore, to promote the development of accessible products in the tourism sector. With this objective, an analysis of 14 accessible travel agencies' websites has been carried out. The analysis was guided by theoretical frameworks of competitiveness and accessible tourism. Taking into account the specific needs of people with disabilities, accessible e-travel agencies offer a wide range of specialized and tailor-made products and services with great quality while finding efficiency formulas to contain prices: being receptive in a specific destination; having a network of contacts in different parts of the world that can verify the specific requirements of the client; or being specialized in a specific destination/s, offering tourist packages that have previously been tested by other people with the disability for which it is offered.
Museum Website Accessibility Examined Using Automatic Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Eusébio Celeste , Carneiro Maria João , Teixeira Leonor , Lemos Diana
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the website accessibility of museums located in Portugal (N = 575), based on the web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.0), and on the three type of conformance levels (A, AA, and AAA), using two web diagnostic tools: AccessMonitor and TAW (Test de Accessibilidad Web). The results show that the average accessibility of museum websites is 5.80 on a scale from 1 to 10. However, while according to AccessMonitor, there are 14 websites (2.43% of the total) with a level of accessibility of 10 (excellent web accessibility practices); there are also some websites with a global index lower than 3 (classified as bad practice). The results obtained through TAW show that an average of 58.43 problems were identified in each website analyzed. These results highlight that several improvements should be introduced in the websites of Portuguese museums in order to make information available to all people.
An Overview and Technological Background of Semantic Technologies
Authors: França Reinaldo Padilha , Monteiro Ana Carolina Borges , Arthur Rangel , Iano Yuzo
Published: January 2021

The Semantic Web concept is an extension of the web obtained by adding semantics to the current data representation format. It is considered a network of correlating meanings. It is the result of a combination of web-based conceptions and technologies and knowledge representation. Since the internet has gone through many changes and steps in its web versions 1.0, 2.0, and Web 3.0, this last call of smart web, the concept of Web 3.0, is to be associated with the Semantic Web, since technological advances have allowed the internet to be present beyond the devices that were made exactly with the intention of receiving the connection, not limited to computers or smartphones since it has the concept of reading, writing, and execution off-screen, performed by machines. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an updated review of Semantic Web and its technologies showing its technological origins and approaching its success relationship with a concise bibliographic background, categorizing and synthesizing the potential of technologies.
Structuring Abstraction to Achieve Ontology Modularisation
Authors: Khan Zubeida , Keet C. Maria
Published: January 2021

Large and complex ontologies lead to usage difficulties, thereby hampering the ontology developers' tasks. Ontology modules have been proposed as a possible solution, which is supported by some algorithms and tools. However, the majority of types of modules, including those based on abstraction, still rely on manual methods for modularisation. Toward filling this gap in modularisation techniques, the authors systematised abstractions and selected five types of abstractions relevant for modularisation for which they created novel algorithms, implemented them, and wrapped them in a GUI, called NOMSA, to facilitate their use by ontology developers. The algorithms were evaluated quantitatively by assessing the quality of the generated modules. The quality of a module is measured by comparing it to the benchmark metrics from an existing framework for ontology modularisation. The results show that the module's quality ranges between average to good, whilst also eliminating manual intervention.
Semantic Medical Image Analysis
Authors: Olawuyi Joy Nkechinyere , Akhigbe Bernard Ijesunor , Afolabi Babajide Samuel , Okine Attoh
Published: January 2021

The recent advancement in imaging technology, together with the hierarchical feature representation capability of deep learning models, has led to the popularization of deep learning models. Thus, research tends towards the use of deep neural networks as against the hand-crafted machine learning algorithms for solving computational problems involving medical images analysis. This limitation has led to the use of features extracted from non-medical data for training models for medical image analysis, considered optimal for practical implementation in clinical setting because medical images contain semantic contents that are different from that of natural images. Therefore, there is need for an alternative to cross-domain feature-learning. Hence, this chapter discusses the possible ways of harnessing domain-specific features which have semantic contents for development of deep learning models.
A Global Perspective of Classroom Technology Integration and Use
Authors: Torres Kelly M. , Statti Aubrey
Published: January 2021

Across the globe, technology has become more commonplace in educational settings. Particularly, educators are utilizing technology to positively impact student academic performance and to engage learners throughout classroom activities. Common trends in educational technology incorporate the inclusion of mobile phones and social media activities. However, distinct differences across the world are found in classroom settings in the availability of educational technology resources and the opportunity for educators to receive professional development training.
Is Active Learning via Internet Technologies Possible?
Authors: Wang Viktor , Hitch Leslie
Published: January 2021

This study addresses the question of whether or not active learning can be taught online. There are many definitions of learning: It is the process and the sum total of acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, beliefs, and emotions. There is, however, a nuanced definition of active online learning, defined as methods by which learners actively participate in the learning process (e.g., online discussion groups, problem-solving, experimentation, and the like). Theoretical presuppositions such as informal learning, contiguity, reinforcement, repetition, social-cultural principles and andragogy not only guide the assumption that active learning can take place online but also reinforce that active learning may lead to the creation of new knowledge and the skills needed by learners in this current century. This research reveals that technology, used effectively, enhances active learning benefitting the instructor as well as the learner.
Preparing Part-Time Instructors for Success in Online Course Development and Teaching
Authors: Piedra Dan
Published: January 2021

Part-time instructors are at the heart of each continuing education operation throughout the world. They bring a wealth of industry experience which adds real-life undertones to classes. However, many lack foundational training in areas of instructional strategies and adult education theory, learning management systems (LMS) and their use in online courses, and course design and development. This chapter will provide an overview of how McMaster University's Centre for Continuing Education has addressed all three of the above areas with a view towards better equipping their part-time instructors in providing a better-quality learning experience. Central to the above is the use of online training and a thorough and highly structured approach to online course development.
A Practitioner Guide on Backward Design Application for Online Aviation Training in Higher Education
Authors: Brito Felix , Surrency Monica
Published: January 2021

The aviation industry experienced a significant growth over the years. Such growth was supported by a highly knowledgeable workforce, which presented various skills, including problem-solving and decision-making. The need for a highly skilled workforce led an aviation-focused university located in southeast USA to provide students with learning opportunities to hone those skills to succeed in the industry. This chapter explains the process through which those learning opportunities are created. It presents a practitioner's guide on how that university is designing online courses for the aviation industry. The entire design and development process and the theories supporting it, such as Backward Design and authentic learning, are thoroughly discussed. The chapter also presents several challenges negatively impacting the successful design of those courses and how those challenges can be mitigated so instructionally-sound online courses are created.
Professional Development Course for Online Teaching and the Production and Use of Instructor-Produced Video
Authors: Shambaugh Neal
Published: January 2021

This chapter outlines how online professional development can assist higher education faculty in their move from F2F teaching to online instruction. The use of instructor-produced video is proposed as the major instructional approach for online teaching. To support this teaching approach, an online professional development course is described using six modules: challenges of teaching online, course design decisions using systematic re-examination of course learning outcomes and pedagogy, video production skill-building, and how to teach online with instructor-produced video. The course can be delivered asynchronously but requires expert feedback of course design decisions, module structure, and video production and use. A hybrid approach is suggested scheduled across a 5-day week. In F2F morning sessions, participants examine online course teaching decisions and screencast product use, while afternoon sessions are devoted to course modules and video production. Recommendations for administrators, support staff, and faculty are provided. Research questions are suggested.
Anonymous Online Learning in Korea and Integrating Anonymous Learning Elements
Authors: Cromlish Alan
Published: January 2021

This paper explores anonymous online learning as a tool to overcome specific teaching and learning issues within Korean post-secondary institutions. The chapter utilizes a survey of a small group of ESL students at a single Korean university to better understand student preferences and opinions about non-traditional learning options and opportunities in Korea. While many students in Korea have not been exposed to online learning, the students surveyed expressed interest in learning online and they were especially interested in collaborative learning opportunities. As more online classes and online learning opportunities start to become available in South Korea, this study explores anonymous online learning as an effective tool to overcome some significant and distinct teaching and learning challenges at Korean post-secondary institutions. The anonymous online learning suggestions and approaches in the paper can be implemented within fully online courses and blended classes but they can also be used as stand-alone online components of traditional face to face and ESL courses.
K-12 Virtual Educator Preparation
Authors: Pourreau Leslie , Lokey-Vega Anissa
Published: January 2021

The number of K-12 online programs and course offerings across the Unites States has increased during the last decade. The issue of how to best identify and address the instructional preparation that K-12 online teaching endorsement (OTE) candidates will need to position themselves for hire in virtual settings raises questions about the quality of preparation they receive in virtual educator training programs. Even with standards in place, preparing K-12 OTE candidates to become online educators comes with a wide range of challenges that includes evaluating OTE program design and preparation practices for validity, relevance, and effectiveness. The field of K-12 online learning lacks literature related to how institutions of higher education can best prepare candidates for careers in this field. Findings from this review use common trends, inconsistencies, recommendations from educational theorists and experts, and implications for further study to demonstrate the need for establishing best-practice in K-12 OTE candidate preparation.
Keystroke Dynamics
Authors: Senthil Kumar A. V.  , Rathi M.
Published: January 2021

Online learning has entirely transformed the way of learning by the students. Online tests and quizzes play an important role in online learning, which provides accurate results to the instructor. But, the learners use different methods to cheat during online exams such as opening a browser to search for the answer or a document in the local drive, etc. They are not authenticated once they login and progress to attend the online exams. Different techniques are used in authenticating the students taking up the online exams such as audio or video surveillance systems, fingerprint, or iris recognition, etc. Keystroke dynamics-based authentication (KDA) method, a behavioral biometric-based authentication model has gained focus in authenticating the users. This chapter proposes the usage of KDA as a solution to user authentication in online exams and presents a detailed review on the processes of KDA, the factors that affect the performance of KDA, their applications in different domains, and a few keystroke dynamics-based datasets to authenticate the users during online exams.
Designing Purposeful Student Interactions to Advance Synchronous Learning Experiences
Authors: Baker Courtney K. , Hjalmarson Margret
Published: January 2021

This article brings together the results of a self-study conducted by two instructors of the same course for mathematics teacher leaders in a synchronous online learning environment using the videoconferencing tool Blackboard Collaborate. The combined self-study focused on the authors' instructional decision-making and on their use of scaffolded discourse to create a collaborative learning environment for teacher leaders in mathematics education. Findings indicate that two specific interactions were emphasized to highlight student engagement within the course: student-student interactions and student-content interactions. Results challenge the perception of participation as engagement and suggest the value of creating purposefully planned learning opportunities to engage students in online synchronous learning.
Exploring the Role of Mobile Learning in Global Education
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: January 2021

This chapter describes the current trends of mobile devices in education, the applications of mobile technologies in learning, the overview of Mobile Learning (m-learning), and the importance of m-learning in global education. M-learning encourages both blended learning and collaborative learning, thus allowing the learners at different locations to get in touch with their peers or others teams to discuss and learn. The m-learning environment is about access to content, peers, experts, portfolio artifacts, credible sources, and previous thinking on relevant topics. Given the convenience of m-learning, there is less time spent getting trained, and the overall costs are lowered as a results. With m-learning, learners are able to learn in their own style at their own pace. M-learning provides easy access to the learning at any place and any time, which is more convenient to the learners.
Learner Performance and Satisfaction Level in Personalized Learning Environments
Authors: Sural Irfan , Yazici Müjgan
Published: January 2021

The overall aim of this chapter is to determine the personalizable online learning environments and learner participation in these environments, learner satisfaction in using them, and the effect of the environment on learners' course performance in terms of learning. With this purpose in mind, the researchers have tried to determine the learners' personalization preferences of content order and appearance in online learning environments offered and personalization-related satisfaction and performances. In data collection and analysis processes, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used and the study is designed as mixed model. In conclusion, more than half of the students carried out the personalization procedure and females customized the appearance of their environment in a high frequency rate compared to males. The study indicated that, in general, learners are satisfied with the personalization procedure and there is a significant difference in performances of students who fulfilled the procedure compared to those who did not.
Technology-Enabled Innovation for Academic Transformation in Higher Education
Authors: Qian Yufeng
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the challenges facing U.S. higher education today and profiles universities that are spearheading academic transformation to address these challenges with emerging technology and media. Identifying five technology-powered innovation models (competency-based education, experiential education, student success-centered education, open education, and lifelong education), the author studies institutions that exemplify innovation, and shows how technology has enabled academic transformation that has changed the higher education landscape. These pioneering institutions provide successful models of academic transformation for the higher education industry.
Individual Cognitive Differences and Student Engagement in Video Lectures and E-Learning Environments
Authors: Kokoç Mehmet , Ilgaz Hale , Altun Arif
Published: January 2021

Student engagement is a research area which has been focused on for many years but gained growing interest especially in recent years. Studies in the literature indicate that there is an agreement on the relationship between learning outcomes and student engagement in school and classroom context. But, what is not yet clear is the impact of cognitive individual differences of learners on student engagement, especially when exposed to video lectures. Thus, this chapter focuses on understanding individual cognitive differences in order to improve student engagement. The rest of this chapter will be organized as follows: Firstly, student engagement is defined based on different engagement models with a special focus on video lectures. Secondly, previous research will be reviewed to discuss the relationship between student engagement and cognitive individual differences. This is followed by recommendations that can be used for further student engagement research.
The Rhetoric of Fear
Authors: Kidd Terry T.
Published: January 2021

Amongst the glamour and allure to teach online, the literature indicates faculty often see and experience teaching online as daunting, painful, and time consuming. While, many studies seek to detail faculty experiences with course and program design, few studies seek to understand the faculty emotional reaction and their response to online course development and online course teaching. Using phenomenology this preliminary research study sought to explore and document faculty involvement in online teaching using theories of experience, postulated by Dewey (1938) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, by Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, and Davis (2003) to analyze and give voice to the emotional experience and reaction of faculty who are involved in online teaching.
A Qualitative Study of Student Expectations of Online Faculty Engagement
Authors: Berg Christoper W. , Shaw Melanie , Contento Anthony L. , Burrus Scott W. M.
Published: January 2021

Institutions offering online courses and degrees often develop requirements for faculty-to-student interactions; yet, these requirements may not align student preferences for faculty engagement. This chapter expanded the work on an earlier study by Shaw, Clowes, and Burrus, “A Comparative Typology of Student and Institutional Expectations of Online Faculty.” The current study included a new sampling of 57 students across two institutions focused on their experiences in online courses. Using the original typology as a lens, results were grouped into themes including substantive feedback, timeliness, and course expectations. Recommendations for further study include conducting a quantitative study of the relationship between faculty outcomes and student satisfaction after implementing student performance expectations.
Don't Be a Ghost Who Drops Grades in Blackboard
Authors: Rios Ambyr , Viruru Radhika , Ozfidan Burhan
Published: January 2021

This chapter presents the results of a program evaluation conducted to assess the effectiveness of an online doctoral program in educational leadership at a Research One University from the perspective of its students. Feedback was sought from over 80 currently enrolled students. The study focused on three aspects of the program, namely faculty social and cognitive presence. Recent changes to the program that address these areas include the creation of a thematic group model that clusters students based on academic interests over the last 2 years of the program, extensive revisions to coursework, the adoption of a problem-based dissertation model, and the use of social media and an online community portal to promote student engagement. The results indicate that although students had encountered positive experiences in all three areas, online doctoral students continue to need focused individual mentoring in order to experience success.
Effect of Reward on Motivation and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: January 2021

The goal of all organizations is success in the current economic environment, which is increasingly uncertain and competitive. Companies, irrespective of size or industry, make every effort to motivate employees, recognizing their roles and influence on organizational effectiveness. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the impacts of rewards on work motivation and job satisfaction at a mining company. The methodology is descriptive cross-sectional research. Data collection is by Likert-scaled questionnaire on a randomly selected population of 201 permanent employees and SPSS analysis for Cronbach's Alpha and multi regression analysis is undertaken. Findings reveal 59.3% of employees prefer both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation while 32.8% prefer only extrinsic motivation. A statistically significant form of intrinsic work motivation and job satisfaction is Herzberg's motivator factor ‘Achievement' (Beta= 0.272) and extrinsic work motivation and job satisfaction is hygiene factors of ‘Work security; (Beta= 0.442) trailed by peers and supervisors relationship.
Reporting on the Bully Curriculum
Authors: Schneider Jennifer
Published: January 2021

This essay presents an argument in support of the broad adoption of a critical inquiry and anti-bullying discourse in online and face-to-face classroom spaces worldwide. The author argues in support of moving beyond simple discourse and awareness towards active, intentional, and reflective strategies that all individuals are capable of executing in and outside of the traditional classroom space. The essay explores the reasons underlying this need through a review of historical examples, longstanding challenges, and recent trends and experiences in online programs as well as traditional face-to-face classroom environments.
The Circular Economy, Resilience, and Digital Technology Deployment in the Mining and Mineral Industry
Authors: Jones Peter , Wynn Martin George
Published: January 2021

The mining and mineral industry is not easily associated with sustainable development. The one is focused on the exploitation of the planet's limited natural resources, while the other attempts to promote development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. This article looks at the industry's approach to the core sustainability concepts of the circular economy and resilience and finds that leading companies in this industry have drawn on the concept of resilience in reporting on their sustainability strategies, but that there has been little interest in the concept of the circular economy. The article also assesses the current and potential impact of information and communication technologies in supporting sustainability objectives in the industry. It concludes that technology innovation will be a key enabler in supporting the mining and mineral development industry to more formally address the challenges of sustainable development, and support a transition to a more sustainable future.
Effect of Yoga Therapy on Neuromuscular Function and Reduction of Autism Severity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Artchoudane Soccalingam , Ramanathan Meena , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi , Muruganandam Partheeban , Jatiya Lakshmi
Published: January 2021

Autism is characterized by dysfunction in motor execution and sensory perception that are linked with neuromuscular function (fN) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This article aims to evaluate effectiveness of yoga therapy (YT) on fN and autism severity in children with ASD. Sixty children were screened (age 6 to 18) using childhood autism rating scale (CARS); 40 were allocated randomly (n=20) into yoga (YG) and control (CG) groups; both followed regular school routine, and YG received 10 YT sessions (60 min/session). Visual reaction time (VRT), handgrip strength (HGS), and CARS were measured. YG showed significant changes in VRT and CARS after YT and intergroup comparisons revealed significant differences between groups at the end of the study (VRT,p=0.008; CARS,p=0.011). YT resulted in small but statistically significant changes in CARS and significant improvement in VRT. This implies that YT can be used as an adjuvant modality for children with ASD, reducing co-morbidities with regard to the neuromuscular function.
Open Source Software Development Challenges
Authors: Seker Abdulkadir , Diri Banu , Arslan Halil , Amasyalı Mehmet Fatih
Published: January 2021

GitHub is the most common code hosting and repository service for open-source software (OSS) projects. Thanks to the great variety of features, researchers benefit from GitHub to solve a wide range of OSS development challenges. In this context, the authors thought that was important to conduct a literature review on studies that used GitHub data. To reach these studies, they conducted this literature review based on a GitHub dataset source study instead of a keyword-based search in digital libraries. Since GHTorrent is the most widely known GitHub dataset according to the literature, they considered the studies that cite this dataset for the systematic literature review. In this study, they reviewed the selected 172 studies according to some criteria that used the dataset as a data source. They classified them within the scope of OSS development challenges thanks to the information they extract from the metadata of studies. They put forward some issues about the dataset and they offered the focused and attention-grabbing fields and open challenges that we encourage the researchers to study on them.