bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Passionate Self and the Religiosity of Phenomena
Authors: Murchadha Felix Ó
Published: May 2019

There are no religious phenomena, only religious interpretations of phenomena. But while the religious interpretation of phenomena refers to a particular form of human activity, this activity responds paradoxically to the imposition of a fundamental curb on any possible activity. That curb is encountered to the extent to which the religious hermeneutic imposes itself in the event of the appearance itself. In this sense the religious structure of experience is that which appears affectively and contingently as beyond the power of the self to regulate. In exploring the place of the self with respect to the religious phenomenon, this article explores the place of the self in its capacity and incapacity with respect to phenomenal objects. In working through this understanding of the self, the irreducible affectivity of the self's constitutive relations—specifically with respect to love, hope, awe, and anxiety—is discussed. As an affectively constituted being, the self recognizes itself as subject to an irreducibly foreign origin and destiny. In examining this position of a “passionate self” the article concludes with a phenomenology of fortune and contingency, which it is argued is fundamental to any understanding of the religious phenomenon.
Spirituality as Consummatory Experience: The Promises and Limitations of John Dewey's Phenomenology of the Religious
Authors: Weidenbaum Jonathan
Published: May 2019

The mission of this article is to unpack Dewey's phenomenology of religious experience as it is found in both A Common Faith and Art as Experience, and to outline its promises and limitations. After first piecing together Dewey's position on the nature and constitution of religious experiences, I explore the question of whether or not a Deweyan phenomenology can assimilate or account for some of the most forceful and intense sorts of spiritual intuition as described by several philosophers of religion. William James, Rudolf Otto, and Emmanuel Levinas are among the figures discussed.
Good Governance and Integrity: Academic Institution Perspective
Authors: Nafi Norhazma Binti , Kamaluddin Amrizah
Published: May 2019

Integrity is one of the moral principles related to moral uprightness. Recently, there are a lot of issues discussed regarding the integrity in public sector administration especially in public sector.  Currently governance in public administration has been exposed to public criticism due to the governance failure, fraud, corruption and poor internal control.  The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between factors of good governance and the practice of integrity in academic institution.  The factors of good governance include ethical leadership, financial resources and asset management.  The study was carried out by using questionnaire and simple random sampling was chosen. The questionnaire survey was distributed to 98 academics from two academic institutions in Malaysia. Such sample was chosen since this study was focused on the academic’s perspective on integrity practice in academic institutions and none of the research has been done in term of good governance and integrity in academic institutions Malaysia. This study found that all three factors of good governance which are ethical leadership, financial resources and asset management have significant relationship on integrity practice in academic institution. The findings of this study can assist academic institutions in Malaysia to improve their governance system and also code of ethics in their organization.  In order to improve future studies, it is recommended that the data collection made to be more extensive. This can help in observing the variation of practice of good governance and integrity in academic institutions.
The Design and Implementation of a Mathematics Learning Community
Authors: Kurepa Alexandra
Published: May 2019

We describe the design and implementation of the Mathematics Learning Community structured as a cohort-based and faculty-mentored group composed mostly of underrepresented minority students in mathematics. The Mathematics Learning Community’s goals are: (i) to increase the number students majo National Science Foundation grant award ring in mathematics at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, (ii) to improve the retention and completion rates, and (iii) to increase the number of students pursuing advanced degrees in mathematics.   The design is innovative in a number of ways including its focus on a single discipline, its inclusion of both graduate and undergraduate students in the same learning community, and the use of student vertical tutoring, and faculty mentoring, among other things. The inclusion of upper-level students appears to have reduced the unintended negative effects of typical student-centered learning communities. Although, the program is relatively new, the Mathematics Learning Community has been successful by a number of different measures.
University’s Catalytic Effect in Engendering Local Development Drives: Insight into the Instrumentality of Community-Based Service Learning
Authors: Mbah Marcellus , Fonchingong Charles
Published: May 2019

The context of this paper is Africa, where communities have historically looked up to universities within their locality to maximize their intellectual capital and knowledge creation to foster regional development. How well these universities are actively responding to the demands of economic and social development require attention. This paper reports an instrumental case study involving in-depth interviews and focus groups within a bounded locality in Cameroon to address what universities can do to enhance their contribution to local development. Findings suggest that whilst a university’s community-based service learning (CBSL) scheme can be ascertained as an instrument that can engender local development, this requires the fostering of relevant education for informed participation of different stakeholders in the framing but also firming up of CBSL objectives and processes. Furthermore, in order to optimize the prospect for local development instigated by CBSL activities, relevant stakeholders should go beyond short-term planning and adopt futuristic sustainable strategies. There is need to promote deeper dissemination, as well as follow-up on field findings for sustained implementation and outcomes.
Jeugdhulpverlening ‘met zachte drang’: duidelijkheid vereist
Authors: Verkroost D.S.
Published: May 2019

Jeugdhulpverlening ‘met zachte drang’: duidelijkheid vereist

Binnen de jeugdhulpverlening is een kader ontstaan waarbinnen gezinnen bewogen worden om ‘vrijwillig’ mee te werken aan de hulpverlening. Dit ‘drangkader’ is niet wettelijk geregeld, met onduidelijkheden over de rechten, plichten en verantwoordelijkheden van betrokkenen tot gevolg. Dit artikel geeft de huidige stand van zaken weer.
Nusinersen: A Novel Antisense Oligonucleotide for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Neil Erin E. , Bisaccia Elizabeth K.
Published: May 2019

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) encompasses a group of autosomal recessively inherited degenerative neuromuscular disorders. They range in severity from neonatal onset with rapidly progressive weakness and early mortality (SMA-1), to onset in infancy (SMA-2), to adolescent/adult onset with indolent clinical course (SMA-3/-4). SMA patients share mutations in the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene; variations in clinical phenotypes are attributable to copy numbers of the closely related SMN2 gene. In December 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved nusinersen (Spinraza, Biogen, Cambridge, MA) to treat SMA. Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, is administered directly into cerebrospinal fluid. It alters SMN2 pre-RNA splicing so exon 7 is included, increasing expression of functional SMN protein. Although nusinersen was FDA approved for treatment of all forms of SMA, the initial clinical trials were limited to patients up to age 14 years, diagnosed with SMA-1,-2, -3, not on mechanical ventilation support. Two subsequent phase 3 trials were completed for SMA-1 and SMA-2/-3 and demonstrated improved motor milestones and event-free survival, better than expected based on natural history studies. Efficacy assessments for patients receiving nusinersen are based on serial assessments of performance on age-appropriate standardized motor scales. Treatment requires complex financial and logistics because of the very high drug cost, intrathecal administration, and medical fragility of the patients. Treatment implementation also engenders ethical considerations related to cost, insurance coverage, limited clinical data on groups of patients not in clinical trials, and questions of duration of treatment. Nusinersen has been integrated into the treatment of many SMA patients.
Invasive Fungal Infections While on Voriconazole, Liposomal Amphotericin B, or Micafungin for Antifungal Prophylaxis in Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Patients
Authors: Bui Annie , Nguyen Veronica , Hsu Christina , Hyde Ben , Simms-Waldrip Tiffany
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to report the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients who received voriconazole, liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), or micafungin for primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP).

METHODS Using data retrospectively collected from institution's electronic records, this study analyzed the incidence of IFIs in pediatric HSCT patients between November 2012 and November 2016.

RESULTS A total of 103 patients were screened. Of the 84 patients who met inclusion criteria, 76.2%, 29.8%, and 19% patients received voriconazole, L-AMB, and micafungin, respectively. The incidence of overall IFIs was 2.08 per 1000 prophylaxis days. There were 2 mold infections identified in 2 patients. Among 3 antifungal agents, the rates of IFIs were 2.67 per 1000 prophylaxis days in L-AMB group, 2.08 per 1000 prophylaxis days in micafungin group, and 1.17 per 1000 prophylaxis days in voriconazole group.

CONCLUSION Patients who received L-AMB or micafungin had higher rates of IFIs than those who received voriconazole for PAP.
Dexmedetomidine for the Management of Postoperative Pain and Sedation in Newborns
Authors: Sellas Maria N. , Kyllonen Kay C. , Lepak Maryjoy R. , Rodriguez Ricardo J.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND Opioids and benzodiazepines have been the mainstay of neonatal analgesia and sedation. However, based on evidence in neonatal animals, these drugs may be deleterious for the developing brain. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a central alpha-2 agonist, has sedative and analgesic effects and has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models. Despite increasing use of DEX in newborns, there is a paucity of data regarding its safety and efficacy in this population.

OBJECTIVES The impact of using DEX in postsurgical neonates, either alone or with opioid infusions, for sedation/analgesia was evaluated. The cumulative dose of opioids among patients who did or did not receive DEX was calculated to examine the hypothesis that the addition of DEX can reduce the patient exposure to opioids without significantly increasing side effects and providing adequate sedation and pain control.

METHODOLOGY This was a retrospective cohort study in which patients were matched by postnatal age and surgical procedure into 2 groups. One group received DEX in the regimen for treatment of pain or sedation after a surgical procedure, and the other group received no DEX. Episodes of bradycardia, respiratory depression and hypotension, and the cumulative dose of opioids and number of supplemental doses administered in both groups were documented.

RESULTS Although there was no difference in gestational age or weight at birth between the DEX and no-DEX groups, the DEX group's median postconceptional date was older at the time of surgery (39.6 vs 37.4 weeks; p = 0.003). Patients in the DEX group experienced more episodes of bradycardia (12.8% vs 5.1%; p = 0.01). There was no difference between groups in episodes of hypotension or respiratory depression. The cumulative dose of opioids was significantly lower in the DEX group compared with the no-DEX group (1155 mcg/kg vs 1841 mcg/kg; p = 0.01). There was no difference in the number of supplemental doses of opioids given between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS The addition of DEX to opioid infusions resulted in a significant decrease in the cumulative dose of opioids but was associated with more episodes of bradycardia than opioids alone.
A Retrospective Review of Antipsychotic Medications Administered to Psychiatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Rudolf Frances , Hollenbach Kathryn , Carstairs Keri L. , Carstairs Shaun D.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES An increasing number of pediatric patients with psychiatric chief complaints present to emergency departments (EDs) nationwide. Many of these patients require treatment with antipsychotic medications to treat agitation. We sought to examine the use of antipsychotic medications in pediatric patients presenting to a tertiary care pediatric ED.

METHODS We performed a retrospective electronic medical record review of patients presenting to a tertiary care pediatric hospital from January 2009 through February 2016 with a psychiatric chief complaint who received an antipsychotic medication in the ED.

RESULTS A total of 229 patients were identified, 54.1% of whom were male. Mean age was 14.4 ± 2.6 years. Commonly administered medications included olanzapine (51.1%), aripiprazole (26.6%), haloperidol (24.0%), and risperidone (11.8%). Eighty-seven patients (38.0%) were given at least 1 intravenous or intramuscular dose of antipsychotic medication. A total of 113 patients (49.3%) received only 1 antipsychotic medication, 65 (28.4%) received 2, 30 (13.1%) received 3, and 21 (9.2%) received 4 or more antipsychotics. Median length of stay (minutes) increased significantly with increasing number of medications administered (p < 0.001). Length of stay was significantly shorter in patients given only oral medications (675.6 minutes, IQR 418–1194) compared to those given at least one intramuscular or intravenous dose (951 minutes, IQR 454–1652) (p = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective series, the majority of patients were treated with newer oral antipsychotics. Administration of multiple medications was associated with a significantly longer length of stay in the ED, as was parenteral administration of antipsychotics.
Successful Use of Eltrombopag in a Pediatric Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Associated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Soliman Mary , Engel Elissa , Rico Juan , Rodriguez Carina
Published: May 2019

Thrombocytopenia and other hematologic manifestations related to HIV are not uncommon. Treatment of HIV-related thrombocytopenia is challenging: treatment options are not effective in all patients, or less well studied, particularly in the pediatric population. We aim to present and discuss the case of a 13-year-old with HIV and persistent thrombocytopenia who, after failing monthly IVIG infusions, showed normalization of platelet count on the novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist, eltrombopag. A retrospective chart review of the case patient's medical record was conducted. Additionally, a thorough literature review was performed on this topic, including the pathophysiology of underlying HIV-related thrombocytopenia and its treatment modalities. The patient was treated initially with monthly IVIG infusions for about 1 year but did not show a sustained response, particularly in between infusions. After initiation with eltrombopag 50 mg daily, the patient showed a sustained increase in his platelet count. During a brief lapse in eltrombopag treatment, his platelet count dropped, which then increased upon his reinitiation of therapy. He has continued to show a sustained platelet response and has not been symptomatic or required IVIG for more than 1 year. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pediatric patient with HIV-related thrombocytopenia who has benefited from the use of eltrombopag.
N-Acetylcysteine for Gastric Lactobezoars in a 1-Month-Old
Authors: Savva Dimitrios A. , Crist MacKenzie , Lardieri Allison
Published: May 2019

Gastric lactobezoars are a result of the inability to digest milk and mucous. Formulas that contain high casein concentrations, medium triglyceride oils, or high caloric density can increase the risk of bezoar formation by decreasing gastric secretion or delaying gastric emptying. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used to clear thick mucus secretions and is hypothesized to be effective in the treatment of gastric lactobezoars due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds in mucoproteins. We describe the use of NAC in a 1-month-old full term male (4.5 kg) who was diagnosed with a gastric lactobezoar following an upper gastrointestinal series that showed a large persistent filling defect in the distal body, which was suggestive of a gastric lactobezoar. A dose of 45 mg (10 mg/kg) of 10% NAC was diluted in 50 mL of normal saline and given every 6 hours via a nasogastric (NG) tube. Administration was followed by clamping of the NG tube for 2 hours and aspiration of the stomach contents. NAC was discontinued when aspirates were a clear mucus consistency. The patient's gastric lactobezoar was successfully treated with a 10 mg/kg/dose of NAC that was given every 6 hours for a total of 4 doses.
ENSAYO SOBRE LA NULIFICACIÓN DE LA LEY EN EL CONSTITUCIONALISMO NORTEAMERICANO: TENSIONES A PARTIR DEL MONISMO Y DUALISMO DEMOCRÁTICO
Authors: Contreras Claudio Anibal
Published: May 2019

Neste ensaio, propomos analisar a relação entre o constitucionalismo norte-americano, a anulação da lei e da democracia. Onde esses nove (geralmente velhos e aristocráticos) magistrados da Suprema Corte de Justiça obtêm a autoridade para invalidar as decisões de políticos democraticamente eleitos? Como não desmascara um sistema político que só leva, naturalmente, a um governo de juízes? Embora os problemas políticos decorrentes do controle da constitucionalidade sejam tematizantes no debate constitucional local, tentaremos contribuir neste ensaio algumas ideias nascidas do atual debate norte-americano que se sobrepõem no contexto latino-americano e que contribuem para enriquecê-lo.
O debate sobre o lócus e nível da formação de professores para a educação básica no Brasil
Authors: Araújo José Júlio César do Nascimento , Nicácio Marcondes De Lima
Published: May 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir as categorias lócus e níveis de formação docente no Brasil e a política atual dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia como novo lócus de formação de professores. A pesquisa baseia-se em revisão bibliográfica e análise documental sobre o tema. A primeira parte do texto traz um panorama histórico da formação de professores e a segunda parte analisa as categorias lócus e nível de formação em evidência nas políticas a partir dos anos de 1990 atreladas a complexa reorganização produtiva do país e oriundas das propostas dos organismos internacionais. Nessa perspectiva, erige-se o modelo neoliberal de formação de professores que tem se propalado até a atualidade. Nas considerações finais, são levantadas questões no sentido de problematizar a formação docente ao indicar efeitos como: a instabilidade da profissão, aceitação de múltiplos espaços de formação, a não garantia de uma formação socialmente referenciada e a dificuldade de cumprimento das metas do PNE (2014-2024).
Teoría, metodología y práctica de la producción de posiciones discursivas. (Un ejemplo: El caso de los discursos de la infancia sobre el mundo adulto)
Authors: Montañés Serrano Manuel , Lay-Lisboa Siu
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se expone una propuesta con la que producir materia prima discursiva, así como su análisis con el que dar cuenta de las posiciones discursivas que se articulan entre sí, las cuales configuran una estructura relacional y no un mero repertorio de testimonios u opiniones sobre la problemática objeto de estudio. A tal fin, se presenta tanto los aspectos teórico-conceptuales como los metodológico-tecnológicos, y asimismo, con el propósito de ejemplificar la propuesta, se ofrecen algunos contenidos de una investigación cuya finalidad era mostrar las posiciones discursivas sobre las representaciones sociales que la infancia tiene de la población adulta.This article lays out a proposal with which to produce discursive raw material, as well as its analysis with which to account for the articulated discursive positions, which form a relational structure and not a mere repertoire of testimonies or opinions on the problem that is object of study. For this purpose, the theoretical-conceptual in addition to the methodological-technological aspects are presented, along with, with the purpose of exemplifying the proposal, some contents of a research are offered to show the discursive positions on the social representations that childhood has of the adult population.
Metodología cualitativa para enfocar la mirada cuantitativa: la experiencia de los pretest cognitivos aplicados a la Encuesta de Salud del País Vasco
Authors: Martín Unai , González-Rábago Yolanda
Published: May 2019

En las investigaciones por encuesta, los errores de respuesta tienen una gran importancia, aunque las estrategias para su reducción son aún escasamente utilizadas. El artículo muestra la experiencia con una de estas estrategias, los pretest cognitivos, de la Encuesta de Salud del País Vasco (ESCAV). A través de entrevistas cognitivas a personas de diferentes perfiles sociodemográficos y de salud se identificaron potenciales errores de respuesta que fueron posteriormente clasificados siguiendo las fases del proceso cognitivo de pregunta-respuesta, y que sirvió para realizar propuestas de mejoras en el cuestionario. Se recogieron 83 errores de respuesta, especialmente relativos a errores de interpretación y comprensión (40) y de comunicación de respuesta (20). El artículo describe un proceso y aporta visibilidad a una metodología poco conocida en nuestro contexto, que este caso contribuyó a la identificación de posibles sesgos y errores en el diseño de los cuestionarios, y a la reflexión sobre la complementariedad de los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos para una mejor aprehensión de la realidad social.In survey research, response errors are very relevant, although strategies to minimize them are rarely used. The article shows the experience with one of these strategies, cognitive pretests, in the Health Survey of the Basque Country. Potential response errors were identified through cognitive interviews to people of different sociodemographic and health profiles. Response errors were classified according to the components of the question-and-answer process and used to make proposals for improving the questionnaire. A total of 83 response errors were collected, specially related to errors of comprehension (40) and response (20). The article describes a process and gives visibility to a methodology not much known in our context, which in this case contributed to the identification of possible biases and errors in the design of questionnaires, and to the reflection on the complementarity of quantitative and qualitative methods for a better understanding of social reality.
¿Cómo mejorar el muestreo en estudios de porte medio usando diseños con métodos mixtos? Aportes desde el campo de estudio de elites
Authors: Serna Miguel
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del trabajo es abordar algunas problemáticas recurrentes y alternativas para el diseño muestral de poblaciones de porte medio en el campo de estudio de elites.El trabajo parte de la problemática clásica de la fundamentación de los dos grandes tipos paradigmas teóricos-metodológico de  muestreo, el cualitativo y el cuantitativo,  revisión somera que tiene como meta mostrar la existencia de un zona de estudios de muestras de porte medio (entre 90 y 300-390 casos) donde las fronteras entre ambos se hace borrosa y por tanto es pertinente discutir la posibilidad de uso de muestro con métodos mixtos.  A continuación se presenta el campo de estudio de las elites como un área fértil para el desarrollo de métodos mixtos y en particular en el procedimiento de muestreo.Por último se describen algunos aportes desde la experiencia y práctica de investigación en el campo de las elites políticas y económicas para resolver y buscar alternativas de mejora de las muestras en poblaciones de mediano porte, a saber: a) la explicitación de criterios objetivos en la construcción empírica del objeto de estudio, b) la aplicación de juicio de expertos para la validación de la muestra, c) el uso de pares expertos como instrumento de investigación.The purpose of the article is to address some recurrent and alternative problems for the sample design of medium-sized populations in the field of elite studies.The paper starts from the classical debate of the two great types of sampling based on the qualitative and quantitative methodological-paradigms. A brief review aims to show the existence of a study area of samples of medium size (between 90 and 300-390 cases) where the boundaries between both becomes blurred and therefore it is pertinent to discuss the possibility of using samples with methods mixed The field of study of the elites is presented as a fertile area for the development of mixed methods and in particular in the sampling procedure.Finally, some contributions from the experience and practice of research in the field of political and economic elites are described to solve and look for alternatives to improve samples in medium-sized populations, namely: a) the specification of objective criteria in the empirical construction of the object of study, b) the application of expert judgment for the validation of the sample, c) the use of expert peers as a research instrument.
Investigation of antimicrobial resistance of the bacteria isolated from cows with latent mastitis
Authors: Kaplerienė Lina , Kirkliauskienė Agnė , Purakevič Olga , Gluchovienė Halina
Published: May 2019

The main problem of dairy farms is mastitis – inflammation of the mammary gland. Resistance of bacteria causing latent mastitis to antibiotics is increasing every year. Bacteria that have resistance genes to antibiotics are transmitted from one animal to another and through food chains or direct contacts from animals to humans. Latent mastitis is 15–40 times more frequent than clinical mastitis, which is more difficult to detect and is the major source of pathogens for the whole herd of cattle. The aim of this study was to isolate bacteria which cause mastitis from cow milk and determine their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Milk samples from two dairy farms (farm A and farm B) in Anykščiai District were taken in July 2018. Microbiological assays were performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University. In total, 36 cows were tested. Using common methods of cultivation and identification tests, strains of Streptococcus spp., coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Susceptibility of all isolated strains to neomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, rifampin, cefoxitin and oxacillin was performed using the disc diffusion method according to the guidelines of the Clinical Labaratory Standards Institute. It was concluded that the most frequent agent of mastitis was Staphylococcus spp. Also, a high level of resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline in S. aureus strains was determined. All isolated bacteria were susceptible to neomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, gentamycin, rifampin, cefoxitin and oxacillin.
Educação e Etnociência: caminhos da agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Fernandes de Queiroz Isaac Newton Lucena , De Medeiros Silveira Iaskara Michelly , Rego Alexandre Henrique Garcia , Moreira Sueli Aparecida
Published: May 2019

Na tentativa de contornar os erros e valorizar as conquistas dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM’s) anteriores, a ONU institui a Agenda 2030, a qual propõe 17 Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS’s). A educação ambiental e a etnociência são disciplinas capazes de instituir valores culturais e reaproximar o homem da natureza. O objetivo do trabalho é identificar a relação entre os ODS’s que dizem respeito à educação e à integração das comunidades através de sua ligação com os princípios da etnociência. Como resultado, foram identificadas três abordagens combinadas na educação para a sustentabilidade, necessárias à consecução da Agenda 2030.
As interpretações teológicas da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos nas Mensagens comemorativas dos Pontificados Pós-conciliares (1968 a 2018)
Authors: Villas Boas Alex , Villas Boas Aline Vicentim
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as ênfases hermenêuticas e teológicas que os papados pós-conciliares, de 1968 a 2018, deram em suas Mensagens comemorativas da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, respectivamente às datas dos 20º, 25º, 30º, 40º, 50º, 60º e 70º aniversários. Para isso, irá se analisar como a gramática dos Direitos Humanos é incorporada no Magistério Católico, com João XXIII, e consolidada no Concílio Vaticano II que gera duas grandes ênfases hermenêuticas da dignidade humana, da liberdade humana e das condições de vida digna por meio da justiça social. Os papados pós-conciliares irão desenvolver tais dimensões de acordo com suas respectivas perspectivas e contextos.
Heritability of Yield and Yield Components of Autochthonous Populations of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)
Authors: Lakić Željko , Radić Vojo
Published: May 2019

Examination of heritability of yield and yield components of autochthonous populations of Jerusalem artichoke was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute in Banja Luka during 2015 and 2016. The trials were set up in four replications with ten populations of Jerusalem artichoke in the late October 2014. During the study, the following parameters were observed: plant height, number of stems per plant/clone, stem thickness and dry matter yield per plant/clone. Population Razboj had the highest yield of dry matter per plant/clone. In the first year, the population of Irić bašta had the largest number of stems per plant/clone. Broad sense heritability for plant height and number of stems per plant/clone indicates intermediate hereditary traits. A significant positive genetic correlation between yield of dry matter and plant height was determined.
Morphological and Pomological Characteristics of Wild Pears in the Northwestern Part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Zavišić Nada , Đurić Gordana , Bosančić Borut
Published: May 2019

The aim of this research is to examine the morphological and pomological characteristics of the wild pear population in the northwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the purpose of allocating genotypes for breeding programs of varieties and rootstocks. During 2012 and 2013, the study of the wild pear characteristics was carried out on the localities of: Banja Luka, Manjača, Potkozarje and Kozara. This research included morphological characterization of vegetative organs and pomological characterization of the fruits of all the selected genotypes. The shape of leaves in all the examined genotypes was elongated. The study of wild pear populations in the Banja Luka region has shown that wild pears are characterized by mostly smaller fruits, rounded form, while a few genotypes had fruits of elongated and flattened shape. Fruit weight varied from 7.44 g to 21.47 g and 73% of genotypes had fruit weight of over 10 g.
The Spike Characteristics of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties in Agro–Ecological Conditions of Banja Luka Region
Authors: Kondić Danijela , Bajić Maja , Hajder Đurađ , Knežević Desimir , Bosančić Borut
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the spike length, number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike of winter wheat in agro–ecological conditions of Banja Luka at different sowing densities. Three winter wheat varieties (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) were examined at seven sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds/m2) in two growing seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15). Experimental design was a completely random system with four replications. In all wheat varieties, sowing was carried out from the 6th to 8th November in 2013/14 and from the 3rd to 5th November in 2014/15. Sampling of plants was done in the first decade of July in both experimental years. Factorial ANOVA 2×8×3 and LSD‒test were performed, with year, sowing density and variety as main factors. For different varieties, the average number of grains per spike ranged from 34.53 to 38.19 while the average grain weight per spike (g) ranged from 1.58 to 1.73 g. The spike length ranged from 7.58 to 8.20 cm for varieties with statistically significant interaction effect variety × year at P ≤ 0.01. Spike parameters were generally higher in the second experimental year (2014/15).
Classical and Fuzzy Logic Evaluation of Students' Master Theses in Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox Software: Dealing with Subjectivity in Human Reasoning
Authors: Hajder Đurađ , Mićić Nikola
Published: May 2019

The two−level evaluation of defined objectives, presented materials and methods and interpretation of results in master theses was done, in order to estimate their scientific contribution and statistical relevance. First level of evaluation was performed using classical methods and consisted of three steps: defining criteria of evaluation, analyzing their fulfilment and positioning 26 master theses into the Likert−type scale in the range from 0 to 1. Second level of evaluation was based on fuzzy logic methodology, conducted mostly in Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox software and consisted of definition of variables, fuzzification, fuzzy inference, defuzzification and interpretation. Obtained marks from two levels of evaluation were than compared. Results indicate that fulfilment of defined criteria of evaluation is moderate. Common mistakes made by authors are accentuated, and clear advices for improving scientific contribution of theses were pointed out here. Classical evaluation marks were higher in 96.15% cases (or 25 out of 26 theses). However, fuzzy approach has advantages, which is also discussed. The interpretation of research results, defined as logical−mathematical argumentation, was found to have the leading role in forming mark in both levels of evaluation.
The Importance and Practice of Selection Breeding in Walnut
Authors: Mehmet Şen Seyit , Karadeniz Turan , Ekmel Tekintaş Faik , Güler Emrah
Published: May 2019

In Turkey, the predominant method of walnut breeding is selection breeding which is the selection of elite genotypes as practiced worldwide. Due to this reason, the method of selecting elite genotypes with the desired agronomic characteristics is a short span and easily practicable. In countries, where the population of walnut is at low scale, hybridization practices are not attempted to acquire desired agronomic characteristics. The hybridization practices are time consuming to get the target genotypes. The walnut varieties improvement programs should include the priority issues such as: late leaf foliage, fruiting in lateral branches, shortening of the vegetation period, early maturity and harvesting, good fruit quality, high yield and resistance to diseases.
Comparison of Maize and Wheat Production in Serbia During the 2007-2016 Period
Authors: Grčak Milosav , Grčak Dragan , Grčak Dragana , Aksić Miroljub , Đekić Vera , Aksić Marko
Published: May 2019

The objective of this paper is to show and compare the production of maize and wheat in Serbia from 2007 to 2016. This paper presents an analysis of the production of maize and wheat in the Republic of Serbia, by applying the method of comparison and using the data on previous years and comparing them with the 2016 data. The data are available on the website of the FAOSTAT statistical database and on the website of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (RZS), which were used for comparison and analysis. The record year when it comes to the harvest of maize was 2014, in the period from 2007 to 2016, with its production over 7.951.583 tonnes. The highest production of wheat was in 2016, and it amounted to 2.884.537 t. The year 2016 recorded the highest production of wheat in the last decade while corn advanced in comparison to the previous year, the best production having been achieved in 2014. We can say that, as far as production is concerned, the situation is improving with minor fluctuations.
In silico experiments validate that twenty nucleotide spacer sequence provides precise targeting of bacterial genes in CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: May 2019

As a genome editing tool useful for modulating the expression of different genes, CRISPR-Cas9 is known for its precision in targeting specific genes. To do this, CRISPR-Cas9 utilizes a guide RNA for guiding the Cas9 endonuclease to specific stretches of the DNA for genome editing or modulation of gene expression. Guide RNA comprises a spacer sequence and a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. Both components work together to help target Cas9 to a specific stretch of DNA within a gene. In particular, spacer sequence provides a unique address for localizing Cas9 to specific stretch of DNA. But, possibility exists that there could be off-target effects for particular spacer sequence used in guide RNA. Specifically, spacer sequence might engage in complementary base pairing with other stretches of DNA in the bacterial genome, and result in additional genome editing or modulation of gene expression at genes that are not targeted. Results from an in silico experiment conducted with the rpoH gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 revealed that all spacer sequences derived from different stretches of the rpoH gene did not elicit off-target effects in the genome of the bacterium. This concurs with theoretical predictions that the probability of off-target effects from a 20 nucleotide long spacer region is vanishingly small. Hence, a 20 nucleotide spacer sequence in guide RNA should provide a unique DNA address for precise targeting of specific gene in the genome of a bacterium. Collectively, off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9 is a valid concern for both genetic engineering and genome editing applications as targeting of additional genes from the desired one would result in unpredictable physiological and biochemical impacts on the cell. Using the rpoH gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as example, results from an in silico experiment examining possible off-target effects of different 20 nucleotide spacer sequence able to target the sense and antisense strand of the gene revealed no off-target effects. Specifically, each spacer sequence used could only target the intended rpoH gene, which concurs with theoretical predictions of vanishingly small possibility of off-target effects on a bacterial genome from a 20 nucleotide spacer sequence. Overall, the results highlight that use of a 20 nucleotide spacer sequence in guide RNA could offer precise targeting of specific gene in a bacterium.
Self-organized reactivation maintains and reinforces memories despite synaptic turnover
Authors: Fauth Michael Jan , van Rossum Mark CW
Published: May 2019

Long-term memories are believed to be stored in the synapses of cortical neuronal networks. However, recent experiments report continuous creation and removal of cortical synapses, which raises the question how memories can survive on such a variable substrate. Here, we study the formation and retention of associative memory in a computational model based on Hebbian cell assemblies in the presence of both synaptic and structural plasticity. During rest periods, such as may occur during sleep, the assemblies reactivate spontaneously, reinforcing memories against ongoing synapse removal and replacement. Brief daily reactivations during rest-periods suffice to not only maintain the assemblies, but even strengthen them, and improve pattern completion, consistent with offline memory gains observed experimentally. While the connectivity inside memory representations is strengthened during rest phases, connections in the rest of the network decay and vanish thus reconciling apparently conflicting hypotheses of the influence of sleep on cortical connectivity.
Sensory perception drives food avoidance through excitatory basal forebrain circuits
Authors: Patel Jay M , Swanson Jessica , Ung Kevin , Herman Alexander , Hanson Elizabeth , Ortiz-Guzman Joshua , Selever Jennifer , Tong Qingchun , Arenkiel Benjamin R
Published: May 2019

Appetite is driven by nutritional state, environmental cues, mood, and reward pathways. Environmental cues strongly influence feeding behavior, as they can dramatically induce or diminish the drive to consume food despite homeostatic state. Here, we have uncovered an excitatory neuronal population in the basal forebrain that is activated by food-odor related stimuli, and potently drives hypophagia. Notably, we found that the basal forebrain directly integrates environmental sensory cues to govern feeding behavior, and that basal forebrain signaling, mediated through projections to the lateral hypothalamus, promotes selective avoidance of food and food-related stimuli. Together, these findings reveal a novel role for the excitatory basal forebrain in regulating appetite suppression through food avoidance mechanisms, highlighting a key function for this structure as a potent integrator of sensory information towards governing consummatory behaviors.
Dry Matter Yield and Nutritional Characteristics of Elephant-Grass Genotypes
Authors: Freitas Rafael Souza , Daher Rogério Figueiredo , Vidal Ana Kesia Faria , Stida Wanessa Francesconi , Menezes Bruna Rafaela Da Silva , Pereira Antonio Vander , Neto Silvino Amorim , Santos Paulo Ricardo dos , Silva Verônica Brito da , Gottardo Romildo Domingos
Published: May 2019

In the elephant-grass germplasm, there are genotypes that show a large genetic variability differentiated by morphological, reproductive, agronomic and biochemical characteristics. As such, there is a selection of new and more adapted elephant-grass genotypes, with greater productivity and nutritional quality, which can cause an increase in the forage offer, especially during the dry season. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating, throughout two years, the productive performance and nutritional value of 53 elephant-grass genotypes to produce forage in the edaphoclimatic conditions in Campos dos Goytacazes city, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The experiment was composed of 53 elephant-grass accessions from the Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Gado de Leite (Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Gado de Leite), located in Coronel Pacheco city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It was applied the randomized complete block experimental design with 53 accessions two replications. Cuttings were performed every two months, throughout two years, totaling ten cuttings. The morpho-agronomic and bromatological characteristics were assessed, and the statistical analyses were carried out applying the Computational Applicative in Genetic and Statistics, Genes. Results indicated that there is a wide genetic variability among the elephant-grass genotypes concerning the characteristics under study. The Mineiro, Guaçu IZ-2 and Acesso 91 – EMBRAPA genotypes were those that showed to be superior to all traits evaluated simultaneously. They proved to be the most productive and with higher nutritional quality. Therefore, they are the most indicated to produce forage in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Campos dos Goytacazes city, Rio de Janeiro State.
Recycling N-acetylcysteine: A review of evidence for adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia
Authors: Willborn Robert J. , Hall Colleen P. , Fuller Matthew A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

All symptoms in schizophrenia may impact functioning. Although Food and Drug Administration-approved medications typically benefit positive symptoms, negative symptoms are generally refractory to medication interventions. N-acetylcysteine's (NAC) influence on glutamatergic neurotransmission has been established. An emerging body of research has attempted to correlate this action with reduction in symptom severity, evaluating response in positive, negative, and cognitive symptom domains.

Methods

A literature review was performed to analyze available data on NAC intervention and improvement in the positive, negative, and cognitive symptom domains in patients with schizophrenia. Quality of evidence was systematically assessed to determine level of certainty in results.

Results

Three randomized controlled trials were identified. Across studies, negative symptoms decreased more with NAC compared to placebo; ranging between 11.9% and 24.1%. The assessment determined a low level of certainty regarding benefit of NAC on negative and cognitive symptoms and moderate certainty for NAC regarding findings of side effects and lack of benefit on positive symptoms.

Discussion

Consistent reporting of benefit in negative symptoms is found across studies of NAC intervention. These improvements are notable for symptoms that have generally remained refractory to medication intervention. Inconsistent benefit was reported in positive and cognitive symptoms. GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation) assessment of current evidence indicates a low certainty of benefit for negative symptoms with standard use of NAC in patients with schizophrenia. However, a trial of this low-risk intervention may be warranted in patients with resistant negative symptoms and subsequent impaired functioning despite appropriate antipsychotic therapy as they may experience additional benefit in this symptom domain.
Clozapine-associated renal failure: A case report and literature review
Authors: Davis Erica A. K. , Kelly Deanna L.
Published: May 2019

One of clozapine's unrecognized potential side effects is renal insufficiency and nephritis. Although most clinicians are aware of the possibility of clozapine-induced myocarditis, less is known about other inflammatory disorders due to clozapine treatment. This patient was started on lithium and clozapine within 4 days of each other although lithium was discontinued after 7 days due to tremor. Routine labs showed an increase in serum creatinine, which was initially attributed to the recent lithium. However, the patient's kidney function continued to worsen, requiring discontinuation of clozapine despite a robust response to a low dose. Several years later, the patient's kidney function improved but has not returned to baseline. This literature review and case report illustrates the similarities in diagnostic presentation of clozapine-associated renal insufficiency as well as potential risk factors. More research should be conducted into the role concomitant sodium valproate and/or lithium play in the risk of clozapine-associated renal insufficiency.
Fairview Pharmacy Services clozapine monitoring program: Description and evaluation of a clinical pharmacy service
Authors: Heins Katharine
Published: May 2019

Fairview Pharmacy Services, part of an academic health system, comprises 35+ outpatient pharmacies in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 2013, the nonprofit organization opened a satellite location at the University of Minnesota Psychiatry Clinic. The original goals of the service were to improve patient satisfaction and medication adherence through comprehensive pharmaceutical care and clinic provider support. A clozapine monitoring program was envisioned and developed by the pharmacists and now provides optimal medication monitoring, dispensing, and coordination for approximately 100 patients.