bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyfunctional Tetrahydropyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine Scaffolds from 4‐Phenylsulfonyl Tetrafluoropyridine.
Authors: Baron Aurelie , Sandford Graham , Slater Rachel , Yufit Dmitry S. , Howard Judith A. K. , Vong Antonio
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2H‐1,2‐Benzothiazine 1,1‐Dioxides via Heteroannulation Reactions of 2‐Iodobenzenesulfonamide with Ketone Enolate under SRN1 Conditions.
Authors: Layman William J. Jr. , Greenwood Thomas D. , Downey Aaron L. , Wolfe James F.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
InCl3 as an Efficient Catalyst for Cyclotrimerization of Aldehydes: Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trioxane under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Elamparuthi E. , Ramesh E. , Raghunathan R.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrophilic Behavior of the π Delocalized Azepinium Ion: Friedel—Crafts Reactions with Benzenes and Five‐Membered Aromatic Heterocycles.
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Satake Kyosuke , Okamoto Hideki , Kimura Masaru
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Rigid, Quaternary 1,4‐Benzodiazepine‐2,5‐diones Derived from Proline.
Authors: MacQuarrie‐Hunter Stephanie , Carlier Paul R.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclocarbonylation of Allyl Naphthols.
Authors: Vasapollo Giuseppe , Mele Giuseppe
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel‐Catalyzed trans‐Alkynylboration of Alkynes via Activation of a Boron—Chlorine Bond.
Authors: Yamamoto Akihiko , Suginome Michinori
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Redox‐Sensitive Protecting Group for Boronic Acids, MPMP‐Diol.
Authors: Yan Jun , Jin Shan , Wang Binghe
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Construction of 1,3‐Diol Derivatives via Nucleophilic Reaction to β‐Methoxyacylsilanes.
Authors: Honda Mitsunori , Mikami Yoshimi , Sanjyo Takeshi , Segi Masahito , Nakajima Tadashi
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopropylphosphonates — Catalysts′ Scope and Reactivity.
Authors: Charette Andre B. , Bouchard Jean‐Emmanuel
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unprecedented Asymmetric Induction Through Configurationally Stable Lithium N‐(α‐Methylbenzyl)phosphinamides. A New Entry to Enantiomerically Pure γ‐Aminophosphinic Acids and Esters.
Authors: Fernandez Ignacio , Ruiz Gomez Gloria , Alfonso Ignacio , Iglesias Maria J. , Lopez Ortiz Fernando
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Catalyzed Hydrostannation of Activated Alkynes.
Authors: Leung Lai To , Leung Sze Kar , Chiu Pauline
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Methyl Migrated Cassane‐Type Furanoditerpenes of Caesalpinia crista from Myanmar.
Authors: Kalauni Surya Kant , Awale Suresh , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Banskota Arjun Hari , Linn Thein Zaw , Kadota Shigetoshi
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Cytotoxic Daphnane Diterpenoid, Rediocide G, from Trigonostemon reidioides.
Authors: Tempeam Atchara , Thasana Nopporn , Pavaro Chitkavee , Chuakul Wongsatit , Siripong Pongpun , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sesquiterpenes, Nortriterpenes and Other Constituents from Ligularia tongolensis.
Authors: Han Yi Feng , Pan Jing , Gao Kun , Jia Zhong Jian
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Camptothecins and Two New Monoterpene Glucosides from Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis.
Authors: Kitajima Mariko , Fujii Norie , Yoshino Fumie , Sudo Hiroshi , Saito Kazuki , Aimi Norio , Takayama Hiromitsu
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sodium Bismuthate‐Induced Oxidation of Baccatin.
Authors: Banik Bimal K. , Fernandez Miguel , Alvarez Clarissa
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Synthesis of Unprotected α‐Amino Acids via Allylation of Hydroxyglycine.
Authors: Sugiura Masaharu , Mori Chieko , Hirano Keiichi , Kobayashi Shu
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isolation and Structure of Five Lyngbyabellin Derivatives from a Papua New Guinea Collection of the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula.
Authors: Han Bingnan , McPhail Kerry L. , Gross Harald , Goeger Douglas E. , Mooberry Susan L. , Gerwick William H.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Practical One‐Pot Process for α‐Amino Aryl Ketone Synthesis.
Authors: Conrad Karen , Hsiao Yi , Miller Ross
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modified One‐Pot Protocol for the Preparation of Thioglycosides from Unprotected Aldoses via S‐Glycosyl Isothiouronium Salts.
Authors: Tiwari Pallavi , Agnihotri Geetanjali , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1‐C‐(2′‐Oxoalkyl) Glycosides as Latent α,β‐Unsaturated Conjugates. Synthesis of Aza‐C‐Glycosides by an Intramolecular Hetero‐Michael Addition.
Authors: Yi Tian , Wu An‐Tai , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Zou Wei
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ZnCl2‐Mediated Stereoselective Addition of Terminal Alkynes to D‐(+)‐Mannofuranosyl Nitrones.
Authors: Topic Dana , Aschwanden Patrick , Faessler Roger , Carreira Erick M.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise and Practical Synthesis of C‐Glycosyl Ketones from Sugar Benzothiazoles and Their Transformation into Chiral Tertiary Alcohols.
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro , Catozzi Nicola , Marra Alberto
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantiomerically Pure 4‐Amino‐1,2,3‐trihydroxybutylphosphonic Acids.
Authors: Wroblewski Andrzej E. , Glowacka Iwona E.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biomimetic Approach to Galbulimina Type I Alkaloids.
Authors: Tchabanenko Kirill , Chesworth Richard , Parker Jeremy S. , Anand Neel K. , Russell Andrew T. , Adlington Robert M. , Baldwin Jack E.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of (+)‐Agelasine C. A Structural Revision.
Authors: Marcos I. S. , Garcia N. , Sexmero M. J. , Basabe P. , Diez D. , Urones J. G.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkaloids from Portulaca oleracea L.
Authors: Xiang Lan , Xing Dongming , Wang Wei , Wang Rufeng , Ding Yi , Du Lijun
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of C‐5 Substituted Nucleosides via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Dienes and Amines.
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Wang Yao , Dong Xiaoyang , Yao Tuanli
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple Transformation of Thymine 1‐[3‐Hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] Derivatives to Their 1‐[3‐Fluoro‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] Counterparts.
Authors: Pomeisl Karel , Pohl Radek , Holy Antonin , Votruba Ivan
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Acyclic Versions of Neplanocin A.
Authors: Wu Ying , Hong Joon Hee
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and anti‐HCMV Activity of Novel 5′‐Norcarboacyclic Nucleosides.
Authors: Kim Aihong , Hong Joon Hee
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Novel Exomethylene Acyclic Nucleosides and Phosphonic Acid Nucleosides.
Authors: Kim Aihong , Hong Joon Hee
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical Enantioselective Synthesis of Lamivudine (3TC) via a Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Goodyear Michael D. , Hill Malcolm L. , West Jono P. , Whitehead Andrew J.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Two 8‐[(Antraquinone‐2‐yl)‐linked]‐2′‐deoxyadenosine 3′‐Benzyl Hydrogen Phosphates for Studies of Photoinduced Hole Transport in DNA.
Authors: Abou‐Elkhair Reham A. I. , Netzel Thomas L.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Novel N‐Ribosyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐6(1H)‐/ones or Thiones as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Chemotherapeutics.
Authors: Khalil Nasser S. A. M.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2′‐3′‐Didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxy‐9‐deazaguanosine, a Monophosphate Prodrug and Two Analogues, 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐9‐deazaguanosine and 2′,3′‐Didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxy‐9‐deazainosine.
Authors: Liu Mao‐Chin , Luo Mei‐Zhen , Mozdziesz Diane E. , Dutschman Ginger E. , Gullen Elizabeth A. , Cheng Yung‐Chi , Sartorelli Alan C.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Constituents of Holothuroidae. Part 16. Determination of Absolute Configuration of the Branched Methyl Group in Ante‐iso Type Side Chain Moiety on Long Chain Base of Glucocerebroside from the Sea Cucumber Holothuria leucospilota.
Authors: Yamada Koji , Onaka Hiroyuki , Tanaka Masakazu , Inagaki Masanori , Higuchi Ryuichi
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anthraquinones from the Roots of Prismatomeris tetrandra.
Authors: Feng Zi‐Ming , Jiang Jian‐Shuang , Wang Ying‐Hong , Zhang Pei‐Cheng
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Diarylheptanoids from Alpinia pinnanensis.
Authors: Giang Phan Minh , Son Phan Tong , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cypellogins A, B and C, Acylated Flavonol Glycosides from Eucalyptus cypellocarpa.
Authors: Kasajima Naoki , Ito Hideyuki , Hatano Tsutomu , Yoshida Takashi , Kaneda Miyuki
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Cyclopentenone Derivatives from an Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Isolated from the Mangrove Plant Aegiceras comiculatum.
Authors: Lin Wenhan , Li Liya , Fu Hongzheng , Sattler Isabel , Huang Xueshi , Grabley Susanne
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
anti‐Allergic Agents from Natural Sources. Part 13. Lignans from the Roots of Wikstroemia indica and Their DPPH Radical Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities.
Authors: Wang Li‐Yan , Unehara Noriko , Kitanaka Susumu
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nocardimicins G, H and I, Siderophores with Muscarinic M3 Receptor Binding Inhibitory Activity from Nocardia nova JCM 6044.
Authors: Ikeda Yoshitaka , Furumai Tamotsu , Igarashi Yasuhiro
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Revised Structures of Epohelmins A and B Isolated as Lanosterol Synthase Inhibitors from a Fungal Strain FKI‐0929.
Authors: Shibuya Masaaki , Snider Barry B. , Sakano Yuichi , Tomoda Hiroshi , Omura Satoshi , Ebizuka Yutaka
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Construction of Novel α‐Keto Spiro Ketal and the Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Terreinol.
Authors: Wei Wan‐Guo , Zhang Yong‐Xia , Yao Zhu‐Jun
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simultaneous Control of Morphology and Porosity in Nanoporous Carbon: Graphitic Mesoporous Carbon Nanorods and Nanotubules with Tunable Pore Size.
Authors: Xia Yongde , Yang Zhuxian , Mokaya Robert
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel N‐(4‐Piperidinyl)benzamide Antimalarials with Mammalian Protein Farnesyltransferase Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Ryckebusch Adina , Gilleron Pauline , Millet Regis , Houssin Raymond , Lemoine Amelie , Pommery Nicole , Grellier Philippe , Sergheraert Christian , Henichart Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Developments and Future of Soft Magnets with Nanocrystalline Cr23C6‐Type Phase
Authors: Idzikowski B. , Szajek A. , Kostyrya S.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Industrial Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets. A Review
Authors: Hirosawa Satoshi
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lower Oxidation States of F‐Elements. Part 3. Properties of Low‐Valence Lanthanoid and Actinoid Compounds in the Solid State and in Various Solvents
Authors: Mikheev N. B. , Kulyukhin S. A. , Kamenskaya A. N. , Konovalova N. A. , Rumer I. A.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Supported Organic Syntheses. Applications. Part 34
Authors: Keller Walter E.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Chlorine Dioxide with Organic Compounds
Authors: Ganiev I. M. , Timergazin Q. K. , Kabalnova N. N. , Shereshovets V. V. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical‐Controlled Oxidation Polymerization of Phenols
Authors: Higashimura Hideyuki
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Procyanidin Oligomers and Their Bioactivity
Authors: Saito Akiko , Nakajima Noriyuki
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecularly Targeted Approach to Cancer Therapy: Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Non‐Hydroxamate Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Suzuki Takayoshi , Nakagawa Hidehiko , Miyata Naoki
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NMR Quantum Information Processing
Authors: Ramanathan Chandrasekhar , Boulant Nicolas , Chen Zhiying , Cory David G. , Chuang Isaac , Steffen Matthias
Published: March 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Severity, risk factors, and physician practices in the management of anemia during concurrent chemoradiation for head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Tanvetyanon Tawee , Choudhury Abdul M.
Published: March 2006

BACKGROUND

Anemia is a well‐recognized complication of concurrent chemoradiation therapy for head and neck carcinoma. It impairs quality of life and many studies also have reported an association between anemia and increased tumor recurrence and decreased long‐term survival. In the current study, the authors attempted to identify the severity, risk factors, and physician practices in the management of anemia.

METHODS

Medical records of those patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation for head and neck carcinoma between 1999–2003 were reviewed. The average weekly nadir hemoglobin level (AWNH) was defined as the mean value of the lowest hemoglobin concentration in each week. Independent predictors for an AWNH < 11 g/dL were identified using multivariable logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

Seventy‐two patients were included in the current study, 66.7% of whom had unresectable disease. The overall median survival was 402 days. At baseline, 76.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 66.3–86.4%) of patients already had a hemoglobin level < 13.5 g/dL. The hemoglobin level dropped 2.5 ± 1.9 g/dL during concurrent chemoradiation, resulting in 95.8% of patients having a hemoglobin level < 13.5 g/dL at the end of the observation period. Blood was transfused to 24 patients (33.3%); erythropoietin or darbepoietin was administered to 2 patients (2.7%). The mean lowest hemoglobin threshold of transfusion was 7.3 ± 1.0 g/dL. The cumulative percentage of patients who received a transfusion reached 50% when the mean nadir hemoglobin level was 7.4 g/dL. Independent predictors of an AWNH < 11.0 g/dL were low baseline hemoglobin and receiving multiple concurrent chemotherapeutic agents, with relative risks of 13.6 and 1.8, respectively (95% CI,1.9–93.9 and 1.1–3.1, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Anemia is prevalent in patients undergoing treatment for head and neck carcinoma and can be severe with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. However, the intensity of anemia management is low. A low baseline hemoglobin level and the reception of multiple concurrent chemotherapeutic agents are considered to be the main risk factors of anemia. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Metastatic patterns in adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hess Kenneth R. , Varadhachary Gauri R. , Taylor Sarah H. , Wei Wei , Raber Martin N. , Lenzi Renato , Abbruzzese James L.
Published: March 2006

BACKGROUND

Unique metastatic patterns cited in the literature often arise from anecdotal clinical observations and autopsy reports. The authors analyzed clinical data from a large number of patients with histologically confirmed, distant‐stage adenocarcinoma to evaluate metastatic patterns.

METHODS

Tumor registry data were collected between 1994‐1996 on 11 primary tumor sites and 15 metastatic sites from 4399 patients. The primary and metastatic sites were cross‐tabulated in various ways to identify patterns, and the authors developed algorithms by using multinomial logistic regression analysis to predict the locations of primary tumors based on metastatic patterns.

RESULTS

Three primary tumors had single, dominant metastatic sites: ovary to abdominal cavity (91%), prostate to bone (90%), and pancreas to liver (85%). The liver was the dominant metastatic site for gastrointestinal (GI) primary tumors (71% of patients), whereas bone and lung metastases were noted most frequently in non‐GI primary tumors (43% and 29%, respectively). In a study of combinations of liver, abdominal cavity, and bone metastases, 86% of prostate primary tumors had only bone metastases, 80% of ovarian primary tumors had only abdominal cavity metastases, and 74% of pancreas primary tumors had only liver metastases. A single organ was the dominant source of metastases in 7 sites: axillary lymph node from the breast (97%), intestinal lymph node from the colon (84%), thoracic lymph node from the lung (66%), brain from the lung (64%), mediastinal lymph node from the lung (62%), supraclavicular lymph node from the breast (51%), and adrenal gland from the lung (51%).

CONCLUSIONS

The algorithms that the authors developed achieved a cross‐validated accuracy of 64% and an accuracy of 64% on an 1851‐patient independent test set, compared with 9% accuracy when a random classifier was used. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Expression of Bcl‐2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Steinert Dejka M. , Oyarzo Mauricio , Wang Xuemei , Choi Haesun , Thall Peter F. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Raymond A. Kevin , Benjamin Robert S. , Zhang Wei , Trent Jonathan C.
Published: March 2006

BACKGROUND

The natural history of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been revolutionized by imatinib mesylate (imatinib) therapy. Before imatinib, Bcl‐2 expression in GIST was associated with a worse prognosis or added no additional prognostic value. To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to evaluate Bcl‐2 expression in pre‐imatinib GIST tissue samples as a prognostic marker of progression‐free survival (PFS) time in patients treated with imatinib.

METHODS

The cases of 81 patients with GIST who were evaluated between December 15, 2000 and September 1, 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic variables were reviewed. GIST cell morphology and patterns of Bcl‐2 expression were described. The methods of Kaplan–Meier and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Sixty‐one (75%) patients had tumors that expressed Bcl‐2, and 20 (25%) patients had tumors that were negative for Bcl‐2. All epithelioid tumors (n= 12) expressed Bcl‐2 and tumors with mixed morphology exhibited Bcl‐2 expression in the epithelioid component. A trend toward longer PFS for patients whose tumors expressed Bcl‐2 at a greater immunohistochemical intensity was observed (20.6 mos for no Bcl‐2 expression; 28.3 mos for 1++Bcl‐2 expression; 31.9 mos for 1.5++Bcl‐2 expression; 40.8 mos for 2++Bcl‐2 expresssion; and 35.9 mos for 3++Bcl‐2 expression).

CONCLUSIONS

In contrast to studies performed in the preimatinib era, in which Bcl‐2 was found to be a negative prognostic indicator, the current study suggests a trend toward better PFS with increasing Bcl‐2 expression level in GISTs from patients subsequently treated with imatinib. Larger studies may help elucidate the influence of Bcl‐2 expression on PFS after therapy with imatinib. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Genetic, epigenetic, and clinicopathologic features of gastric carcinomas with the CpG island methylator phenotype and an association with Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Kusano Masanobu , Toyota Minoru , Suzuki Hiromu , Akino Kimishige , Aoki Fumio , Fujita Masahiro , Hosokawa Masao , Shinomura Yasuhisa , Imai Kohzoh , Tokino Takashi
Published: March 2006

BACKGROUND

The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), which is characterized by simultaneous methylation of the CpG islands of multiple genes, has been recognized as one of the important mechanisms in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis.

METHODS

Methylation of the 5 methylated‐in‐tumors (MINT) loci and 12 tumor‐related genes in 78 primary gastric carcinomas was examined using combined bisulfite‐restriction analysis. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric tumors were detected using real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis followed by an evaluation of the correlations between CIMP status, EBV‐association, and genetic alteration of p53 and K‐ras. The authors compared the clinicopathologic features of gastric carcinomas that had high CIMP methylation (CIMP‐H) with tumors that had low CIMP methylation (CIMP‐L) or negative CIMP methylation (CIMP‐N).

RESULTS

The methylation profiles of 12 genes showed nonrandom methylation, supporting the presence of CIMP in gastric carcinoma. No p53 mutations were detected among CIMP‐H tumors, and no EBV association was detected in tumors that showed mutation of p53 and K‐ras. In a multiple logistic regression model with CIMP‐H as the dependent variable, proximal location (P = .011), diffuse type (P = .019), and less advanced pathologic TNM status (P = .043) contributed significantly to CIMP‐H. Patients who had CIMP‐N gastric tumors had a significantly worse survival than patients who had CIMP‐H tumors (P = .004) or CIMP‐L tumors (P = .012). EBV‐associated tumors were associated strongly with CIMP‐H, hypermethylation of tumor‐related genes, and no p53 or K‐ras mutation.

CONCLUSIONS

CIMP status appeared to be associated with distinct genetic, epigenetic, and clinicopathologic features in gastric carcinomas. The finding that gastric carcinomas arose through different molecular pathways may affect not only tumor characteristics but also patient prognosis. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Elevated plasma big ET‐1 is associated with distant failure in patients with advanced‐stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Mai Hai‐Qiang , Zeng Zong‐Yuan , Zhang Chang‐Qing , Feng Kai‐Tao , Guo Xiang , Mo Hao‐Yuan , Deng Man‐Quan , Min Hua‐Qing , Hong Ming‐Huang
Published: March 2006

BACKGROUND

Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a potent vasoactive peptide and a hypoxia‐inducible angiogenic growth factor associated with the development and spread of solid tumors. The clinical significance of plasma big ET‐1 in patients with advanced‐stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not known.

METHODS

Pretreatment plasma big ET‐1 levels were measured in 62 patients with advanced‐stage NPC using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunoassay and compared with the levels from a control group (n = 19 participants).

RESULTS

The median pretreatment plasma big ET‐1 level in patients with advanced‐stage NPC was 4.6 pg/mL (range, 1.9‐15.2 pg/mL) and was significantly elevated compared with median plasma big ET‐1 levels in healthy controls, 2.6 pg/mL (1.6‐4.5 pg/mL) (P < .001). Using the upper limit (4.5 pg/mL) of control subjects as the cut‐off value, plasma big ET‐1 was ≤ 4.5 pg/mL in 29 (46.8%) patients and > 4.5 pg/mL in 33 (53.2%) patients. A pretreatment plasma big ET‐1 level > 4.5 pg/mL was associated with a significantly poorer 2‐year distant metastasis‐free survival rate (56.7% vs. 81.1%, P = .031). Multivariate analysis showed that N classification (hazard ratio [HR], 2.416; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.071‐5.447; P = .034) and pretreatment plasma big ET‐1 level (HR, 3.151; 95% CI, 1.099‐9.028, P = .033) were independent significant prognostic factors for posttreatment distant failure in patients with advanced‐stage NPC.

CONCLUSIONS

Pretreatment plasma big ET‐1 levels may be useful in predicting posttreatment distant failure in patients with advanced‐stage NPC. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Spectral and Photophysical Properties of Thioxanthone in Protic and Aprotic Solvents: The Role of Hydrogen Bonds in S1‐Thioxanthone Deactivation
Authors: Krystkowiak Ewa , Maciejewski Andrzej , Kubicki Jacek
Published: March 2006

Spectral and photophysical properties of thioxanthone (9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one, TX) were determined in a few protic solvents (H2O, D2O, hexafluoro‐2‐propanol) and compared with those in aprotic solvents. On the basis of the time‐resolved and steady‐state emission measurements and available literature data, it has been shown that the dominant S1‐TX deactivation process in protic solvents is the formation of the S1‐complex. The important modes of deactivation of the S1‐complex are fluorescence (ϕF≈0.4–0.5) and intersystem crossing to the T1 state. The S1‐complex→S0 internal conversion plays, at most, an insignificant role in S1‐complex deactivation, which is evidenced by the absence of an isotope effect of protic solvents on the lifetime and quantum yield of fluorescence.
Binding Interactions and Raman Spectral Properties of Pyridine Interacting with Bimetallic Silver–Gold Clusters
Authors: Wu De‐Yin , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong‐Qun
Published: March 2006

The binding interactions between pyridine and bimetallic silver–gold clusters are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The binding energies of pyridine–bimetallic cluster complexes indicate that the bonding depends strongly on the binding site (Au or Ag atom) and bonding molecular orbitals in a given configuration. The donation of the lone‐pair electrons of the nitrogen of pyridine to an appropriate unoccupied orbital of each metal cluster plays an important role. The low‐lying excited states and charge‐transfer states of four stable complexes of interest are calculated on the basis of a time‐dependent DFT method. In nonresonance Raman scattering processes, the influence of binding interactions on the relative Raman intensity of totally symmetric pyridine vibrational modes is discussed. These calculated relative Raman intensities are compared with observed surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed on silver–gold alloy surfaces.
Photoisomerizable Bipyridine Ligands and Macroligands: Absorption, Photoisomerization Properties and Theoretical Study
Authors: Viau Lydie , Malkowsky Itamar , Costuas Karine , Boulin Stéphanie , Toupet Loïc , Ishow Eléna , Nakatani Keitaro , Maury Olivier , Le Bozec Hubert
Published: March 2006

Two 2,2′‐bipyridines, substituted at the 4,4’‐positions by p‐dialkylaminophenylazostyryl moieties p‐R2NC6H4NNC6H4‐CHCH[6 a, R2NnBu2N; 6 b, R2N(nBu)(C4H8OTHP)N; 6 c, R2N(nBu)(C4H8OH)N], were successfully synthesized by using Wadworth–Emmons reactions. The X‐ray structure of 6 a has been determined. Esterification of 6 c with 2‐bromoisobutyroylbromide afforded 6 d. This ligand was used as an initiator for the living radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and gave rise to macroligand 6 e. Thin films of good optical quality were obtained by the spin‐coating technique. Photoisomerization experiments were carried out on 6 a in solution and on 6 e in both solution and film, and the kinetics of photochemical (E/Z) and thermal (Z/E) isomerization were investigated. They were found to show Z–E back isomerization typical of aminoazobenzene‐type rather than of push–pull‐type molecules. Density functional theoretical (TD‐DFT) calculations were performed on model compound 6 a’ (R2NMe2N) to understand the structural and electronic transitions of the corresponding E–E, E–Z and Z–Z isomers. It was found that the E–E isomer is almost planar as observed experimentally by X‐ray diffraction, whereas the Z–Z isomer, which is 35.4 kcal mol−1 less stable than the E–E isomer, is nonplanar. The theoretical studies also reveal that several transitions of π–π*, n–π* and charge‐transfer (CT) types, are involved in the long‐wavelength transition of 6 a (E–E). The same observations can be made for the (Z–Z) isomer, and the TD‐DFT simulated spectrum fits quite nicely to the experimental, reproducing and explaining the apparition of a blue‐shifted charge‐transfer band at 390 nm.
Long‐Range Molecular Organization of an Organic Monolayer Grafted on a Mineral Substrate
Authors: Struth Bernd , Terech Pierre , Rieutord François
Published: March 2006

Structured and functional materials are of the utmost importance for the development of microelectronic technology. We report on a method to obtain a highly ordered organic molecular layer on a mineral substrate. We took advantage of the regular array of reactive sites present at the single‐crystal surface of topaz to perform a liquid‐phase silanization reaction. The grazing‐incidence diffraction technique was used to characterize the bare and covalently coated surfaces. The ordering of the monomolecular organic layer reproduces the perfect single‐crystal structure of the cleaved surface over millimeter distances.
Linear and Two‐Photon Absorption Properties of Interacting Polar Chromophores: Standard and Unconventional Effects
Authors: Terenziani Francesca , Morone Marika , Gmouh Said , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille
Published: March 2006

Investigations into the effects of electrostatic interactions on linear and two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties are probed using a reference polar chromophore and different related compounds. Compounds in which a passive charge is present near the active chromophore, as well as dimers of the reference molecule, were studied. The combined experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrates that strong modulation of the properties can be attained. In particular, the TPA response of dimers is heavily affected by unconventional excitonic effects, that is, beyond the standard Heitler–London approximation. These effects, which stem from purely electrostatic interactions, lower the nonlinear optical response in the investigated case by an additional amount (up to 20 %), and are expected to enhance the TPA cross section in other supramolecular alignments. Electrostatic interactions cannot be overlooked when modelling or investigating highly concentrated and/or confined samples, as are usually needed in many applications. The correct knowledge of their effects can be exploited to guide engineering at the molecular and supramolecular level.
Cyanomethylidyne: A Reactive Carbyne Radical
Authors: Wang Jian , Ding Yi‐hong , Sun Chia‐chung
Published: March 2006

The cyanomethylidyne radical (CCN) has been a long‐standing subject of extensive structural and spectroscopic studies. However, its chemical reactivity has received rather little attention. Recently, we studied the reaction of CCN with the simplest alkane, CH4, which follows a mechanism of carbyne insertion–dissociation rather than that of direct H abstraction proposed by a recent experimental study. However, we are aware that alkanes like CH4 bear no electron lone pairs and thus are not ideal diagnostic molecules for distinguishing between the carbyne‐insertion and H‐abstraction mechanisms. Hence, we chose a series of σ‐bonded molecules HX (X=OH, NH2, and F) which bear electron lone pairs and are better diagnostics for carbyne‐insertion behavior. The new results at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p)+ZPVE, CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ//B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p)+ZPVE, G2M(CC1), and MC‐QCISD//B3LYP/6‐31G(d)+ZPVE levels definitively confirm the carbyne‐insertion behavior of the CCN radical towards HX. In addition, we make the first attempt to understand the reactivity of the CCN radical toward π‐bonded molecules, using the CCN+C2H2 model reaction. This reaction involves carbenoid addition to the CC bond without a potential‐energy barrier to form a C3 three‐membered cyclic intermediate followed by H extrusion. Therefore, the reactions of CCN with both σ‐ and π‐bonded molecules conclusively show that CCN is a reactive carbyne radical and may be more reactive than the well‐known CN radical. Future experimental studies, especially on product characterization, are strongly desired to test our proposed carbyne mechanism. The studied reactions of CCN with CH4 , NH3 , H2O, and C2H2 could be of interest to combustion science and astrophysics, and they could provide efficient routes to form novel cyano‐containing molecules in interstellar space.
AFM Studies of Metal Deposition: Instantaneous Nucleation and the Growth of Cobalt Nanoparticles on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Simm Andrew O. , Ji Xiaobo , Banks Craig E. , Hyde Michael E. , Compton Richard G.
Published: March 2006

In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to study the growth of cobalt nuclei on a boron doped diamond electrode under potentiostatic control. The rate of growth of the nuclei at the electrode surface is monitored using AFM as a function of time at different deposition potentials. The nucleation of cobalt nuclei is found to be “instantaneous” and the growth of the nuclei is shown to be kinetically rather than diffusionally controlled over periods of tens and hundreds of seconds. At very short times (<10 seconds) the kinetics of nucleation are apparent.
Screening of Garlic Water Extract for Binding Activity with Cholera Toxin B Pentamer by NMR Spectroscopy – An Old Remedy Giving a New Surprise
Authors: Politi Matteo , Alvaro‐Blanco Josué , Groves Patrick , Prieto Alicia , Leal J. Antonio , Cañada F. Javier , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús
Published: March 2006

Binding between a component of the crude hot water extract obtained from Allium sativum crushed bulbs (ASw) and cholera toxin B pentamer (CTB) was detected by STD NMR experiments. Bioassay‐oriented fractionation allowed the partial identification of a high molecular weight polysaccharide mainly composed of galactose as the bioactive complex against CTB. This work represents the first example of screening of a medicinal plant by NMR against a specific disease, and corroborates traditional medical uses of the species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Decalin Scaffolds by Robinson Annulation with Immobilised Nazarov Reagents
Authors: Röttger Svenja , Waldmann Herbert
Published: March 2006

A method for the synthesis of natural product‐inspired decalin systems on solid support is reported. It employs the Robinson annulation as key step and immobilised Nazarov reagents as key intermediates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pentalenes via IntermolecularPauson–Khand Reaction
Authors: Becheanu Armand , Baro Angelika , Laschat Sabine , Frey Wolfgang
Published: March 2006

A concise synthetic route to highly substituted pentalenones 4 and 5, respectively, is reported. The key step is a Pauson–Khand reaction of norbornadiene (7) with the functionalized acetylenes 8 to give the methanoindenone derivatives 6. 1,4‐Addition of organocuprates resulted in clean formation of 2,3‐trans‐disubstituted methanoindenones 9. After ozonolysis and reductive workup, the bis(hydroxymethyl)pentalenones 10 were obtained in moderate to good yields. A differentiation of the hydroxy groups became possible by lipase‐mediated acetylation with vinyl acetate, giving highly selectively monoacetates 4 with the acetyl group at C‐6 of the pentalene system. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Sterically Stabilized p‐Quinodimethanes by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Dyker Gerald , Hagel Marcel , Muth Oliver , Schirrmacher Christian
Published: March 2006

Triarylmethyl cations with a sterically shielded cationic center react with selected C‐ and N‐nucleophiles under nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The resulting dipolar p‐quinodimethanes represent highly functionalized extended π systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A study on a new AVR parameter tuning concept using on‐line measured data with the real‐time simulator
Authors: Kim Joong‐Moon , Moon Seung‐Il
Published: March 2006

Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) parameter tuning for voltage control of power system generators has generally been performed with the analytic methods and the simulation methods, which mostly depend on off‐line linear mathematical models of power system. However, due to the nonlinear nature of power system, the mathematical models of the excitation system may not be correct. So the excitation control system performances with the parameter set that is tuned by using the mathematical model, may not be appropriate for some operating conditions. This paper presents an AVR parameter tuning method using on‐line measured data of the excitation control system with parameter optimization technique. As this method utilizes on‐line operating data, it can overcome the limitation of model uncertainty problems of conventional method. To validate the proposed tuning concept, a scaled model excitation system is connected to the real‐time power system simulator, and the proposed tuning concept is tested. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute monocytic leukemia with coexpression of minor BCR–ABL1 and PICALM–MLLT10 fusion genes along with overexpression of HOXA9
Authors: Sindt Audrey , Deau Benedicte , Brahim Wajih , Staal Anne , Visanica Sorin , Villarese Patrick , Rault Jean‐Philippe , Macintyre Elizabeth , Delabesse Eric
Published: March 2006

The t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation occurs in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and adult B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), leading to fusion of BCR to ABL1 and constitutive activation of ABL1 tyrosine kinase activity. The main BCR–ABL1 breakpoints result in P190 BCR–ABL1 or P210 BCR–ABL1 fusion proteins. The latter is found in almost all cases of CML and in one third of the cases of t(9;22)‐positive adult B‐ALL. P190 BCR–ABL1 is found in the remaining two thirds of t(9;22)‐positive adult B‐ALL cases but only exceptionally in CML. We describe here the first case of t(9;22)(q34;q11) associated with t(10;11)(p13;q14) in acute monocytic leukemia. The recurrent t(10;11)(p13;q14) translocation, usually found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and T‐ALL, merges PICALM to MLLT10. RT‐PCR enabled identification of PICALM–MLLT10 and BCR–ABL1 e1–a2 fusion transcripts; in the context of chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, the latter usually has a monocytic presentation. We also identified overexpression of HOXA9, a gene essential to myeloid differentiation that is expressed in PICALM–MLLT10 and MLL‐rearranged acute leukemias. This case fits with and extends a recently proposed multistage AML model in which constitutive activation of tyrosine kinases by mutations (BCR–ABL1) are associated with deregulation of transcription factors central to myeloid differentiation (HOXA9 secondary to PICALM–MLLT10). © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.