bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La différence de taille comme obstacle à la coopération fiscale horizontale entre collectivités locales
Authors: Morer Myriam
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objet de cet article est d’étudier à l’aide d’un modèle de concurrence fiscale (avec fixation des taux et réaction du capital), la propension à coopérer fiscalement des communes ayant une différence significative de taille. On étudiera les choix coopératifs et non-coopératifs des collectivités locales ainsi que leurs conséquences lorsque la variable stratégique est un taux d’imposition sur le capital mobile. On se demandera si une ville-centre a tendance spontanément à s’engager dans une coopération fiscale avec une commune périphérique et inversement. Les collectivités locales seront supposées être gérées par des élus bienveillants, c’est-à-dire dont l’objectif est de maximiser l’utilité des résidents. Cet article est en fait une tentative d’explication de la genèse de l’intercommunalité française. Il donne un éclairage théorique sur les raisons qui ont poussé les pouvoirs publics français à mettre en place des organismes incitatifs à la coopération fiscale entre communes durant la seconde moitié du siècle dernier.
Nouvelles entreprises de biotechnologies et géographie de l'innovation, des fondateurs à leur modèle d'entreprise
Authors: Catherine David , Corolleur Frédéric
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objet de cette contribution est de proposer une grille d’analyse de la géographie de l’innovation des nouvelles entreprises de biotechnologies prenant en compte la diversité des modèles d’entreprise. Cette recherche s’appuie sur l’analyse comparée de soixante et une nouvelles entreprises de biotechnologies françaises et de leur cent vingt neuf fondateurs 16 . Quatre modèles d’entreprise sont différenciés, chacun reposant sur des compétences des équipes de fondateurs, des ressources mobilisées pour assurer la viabilité de leur projet et des géographies de l’innovation distinctes.
Indices des ventes répétées et modification de l'environnement immobilier
Authors: Thion Bernard , Favarger Philippe , Hoesli Martin
Published: May 2012

Résumé Une motivation importante lors de la création d’indicateurs de prix de l’immobilier est la construction de sous-indices par région ou par quartier. Des différences dans l’évolution de ces sous-indices sont alors le reflet de modifications de l’environnement, notamment des infrastructures disponibles. Il convient de retenir une méthodologie fiable pour la construction d’indicateurs immobiliers. La méthode des ventes répétées (repeat sales method) paraît appropriée. Son avantage principal est qu’elle ne nécessite pas la connaissance des caractéristiques des objets immobiliers. Dans cette étude, nous construisons un indice de l’évolution du prix des échoppes à Bordeaux pour la période 1985 à 1997. Cet indice fait apparaître une évolution favorable des prix, et ce même lors de la crise immobilière du début des années 1990. Lorsque l’agglomération est subdivisée en deux secteurs, des différences dans l’évolution des prix sont mises en évidence.
Enjeux sociaux et environnementaux du développement du tourisme urbain
Authors: Dubois Ghislain , Ceron Jean-Paul
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’article commence par rappeler les évolutions du tourisme urbain en France pendant les deux dernières décennies, en insistant sur les difficultés de définition et de mesure des flux. Il montre comment les politiques de mise en valeur touristique des villes aboutissent à une mise en concurrence des collectivités. Toutefois, les villes connaissent des formes de tourisme très variées, traduites dans une typologie des villes touristiques. Il n’en reste pas moins que, de manière générale, les fonctions touristiques et de loisirs des villes génèrent des tensions dans l’aménagement et la vie urbaine : relation entre ville active et ville ludique avec une forte concentration du tourisme et des loisirs en centre ville mais exclusion de la périphérie, écart entre ville rêvée et ville réelle... L’article s’interroge enfin sur les effets de l’explosion des mobilités et sur la place accordée aux fonctions récréatives dans la ville contemporaine.
Répartition de la croissance dans le système des villes françaises
Authors: Paulus Fabien , Pumain Denise
Published: May 2012

Résumé La répartition de la croissance dans un système de villes est très souvent décrite par un modèle stochastique. Nous testons ce modèle sur le système des villes françaises, pendant la période de forte urbanisation de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Nous utilisons les nouvelles entités que forment les aires urbaines, plus adaptées à la mesure de l’urbanisation récente. Les écarts au modèle confirment la tendance séculaire au renforcement des inégalités des tailles de villes et font apparaître une auto-corrélation temporelle, plus forte qu’auparavant, qui accentue les différenciations régionales de la croissance. Ces éléments permettent de proposer de nouvelles pistes pour améliorer les méthodes de prévision de la croissance urbaine.
Métropolisation, centre et centralité
Authors: Gaschet Frédéric , Lacour Claude
Published: May 2012

Résumé La métropolisation conduit à la recherche accrue d’une centralité métropolitaine mais qui s’accompagne le plus souvent d’une crise des centres. Cette contradiction se résout dans une disjonction croissante entre centre et centralité dont les modalités sont analysées tant en termes déformes urbaines émergentes que de changements d’échelles de mobilité. Ces processus ne signifient pourtant pas définitivement la mort des centres comme en témoignent les diverses tentatives de reconquête de la centralité, au centre comme en périphérie.
Forme urbaine et mobilité : les coûts collectifs des différents types d'extension urbaine dans l'agglomération milanaise
Authors: Camagni Roberto , Gibelli Maria Cristina , Rigamonti Paolo
Published: May 2012

Résumé La dispersion de la population métropolitaine sur le territoire, la diffusion de l’habitat selon des modèles à haute consommation de ressources rares ou non renouvelables (sol, énergie) sont en Europe des phénomènes récents qui ont relancé sous de nouvelles formes, élaborées autour de nouvelles options, l’ancien débat sur l’urban containment : des néologismes comme la Ville Éclatée, la Ville Diffuse, l’Ubiquitous city, l’Hyper-ville, la Ville Émergente... expriment, selon des approches analytico-critiques différentes, cet intérêt renouvelé. C’est dans ce contexte problématique que s’est développée notre analyse empirique sur les coûts collectifs associés aux modalités d’extension urbaine afin d’évaluer les similitudes et/ou les spécificités de l’aire métropolitaine milanaise par rapport aux tendances internationales. Il s’agit plus précisément d’une étude focalisée sur la consommation de sol associée aux différents types d’extension urbaine, sur les coûts collectifs induits par ces types, et, surtout, sur leur demande de mobilité. L’importance fondamentale du thème de la mobilité dans l’organisation métropolitaine est confirmée par les analyses économétriques. Les relations les plus significatives du point de vue statistique concernent les variables « densité », « variation démographique », « âge moyen du patrimoine immobilier » et une variable expressive de la mixité fonctionnelle (habitation/emploi). Elles soulignent que les impacts les plus élevés sur la demande de mobilité proviennent des processus d’urbanisation diffuse, des communes d’expansion plus récente et de la condition de spécialisation résidentielle.
« Cities and automobile dependence » revisité : les contrariétés de la densité
Authors: Dupuy Gabriel
Published: May 2012

Résumé Au début des années 1990, l’étude de P. NEWMAN sur la dépendance automobile des villes préconisait une densification des tissus urbains pour lutter contre les effets néfastes de la motorisation. Un examen de différents processus en jeu dans la motorisation et l’urbanisation conduit à mettre en doute l’effet bénéfique d’une densification par ailleurs difficile à réaliser. En comparant la politique proposée par P. NEWMAN à une politique de « laisser-faire », on montre que la première n’est pas nécessairement la plus à même de réduire la dépendance automobile. En conclusion, d’autres voies sont suggérées pour limiter cette dépendance.
Réorganisation spatiale de l'activité financière et émergence d'un nouveau centre
Authors: Ansidei Julie , Guillain Rachel
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’organisation spatiale des institutions financières s’est modifiée sous l’influence de deux facteurs principaux : la hausse de la concurrence dans le domaine financier et l’essor des technologies de la communication. De plus en plus, les institutions financières sont incitées à délocaliser les activités les plus standardisées dans les villes où les coûts sont moins élevés par comparaison aux grands centres financiers traditionnels. Ce mouvement entraîne alors l’apparition de nouveaux centres financiers. À partir d’entretiens réalisés sur place, nous analysons les raisons du succès de l’International Financial Services Centre, créé à Dublin en 1987. De cette étude, il ressort que les aménageurs locaux et les économies d’agglomération jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement et le maintien du centre financier.
Localisations et dynamiques de diffusion des agences de travail intérimaire en France
Authors: Daudé Éric
Published: May 2012

Résumé La multiplication des formes atypiques de travail et plus particulièrement du travail intérimaire est révélatrice des changements structurels qui touchent le marché du travail depuis les années 70. Malgré un fort développement des agences d’intérim en France depuis une trentaine d’années, on constate de grandes disparités de localisation, disparités que l’on peut interpréter à la lumière des théories de la diffusion spatiale des innovations. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les dynamiques de développement des entreprises de travail temporaire à partir de leurs logiques économiques et spatiales d’implantation et de diffusion.
Vers un nouvel ordre alimentaire local-global : le cas de la restauration
Authors: Bailly Antoine
Published: May 2012

Résumé Le nouvel ordre gastronomique n’est plus celui des produits homogènes des multinationales des « fast food ». Le renouveau des identités régionales a modifié leurs pratiques et celles de la clientèle. Après une période d’oubli, la géographie et le terroir sont de retour même si des équilibres sont encore difficiles à trouver entre les deux systèmes. Le temps des terroirs revient malgré le poids du système-monde, évolution logique dans des pays où les populations se tournent vers la qualité et la variété.
Les effets incitatifs de la T2A pour les établissements de soins : vers une nouvelle répartition des actes chirurgicaux ?
Authors: Guerin Olivier , Husser Jocelyn
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de décrire et d’analyser, dans le contexte français, les effets de la tarification à l’activité (T2A) sur l’activité de chirurgie des établissements de santé, tant publics que privés, en s’appuyant sur des données annuelles extraites du Programme Médicalisé du Système d’Information (PMSI) pour les années 2004 et 2008. L’analyse statistique menée au niveau national et relative aux Groupes Homogènes de Malades (GHM) chirurgicaux, montre qu’il n’existe pas d’effet T2A dans le choix du type de GHM (avec ou sans CMA) par les établissements de santé. en revanche, l étude menée révèle une augmentation du codage depuis le passage à la T2A pour ces mêmes GHM et ceci, quel que soit le secteur (privé ou public).
Le pilotage des équipes hospitalières par le management quotidien d'articulation
Authors: Husser Jocelyn
Published: May 2012

Résumé Dans le contexte hospitalier, les cadres intermédiaires mènent une mission quotidienne d’articulation nécessaire au pilotage des services et, de proche en proche, au bon fonctionnement d’un hôpital. L’objet de cet article est de comprendre comment ces cadres intermédiaires recherchent et expérimentent continuellement des nouvelles formes d’organisation, répondant à la fois aux patients, aux contraintes des équipes et aux réformes hospitalières. Le pilotage par les articulations du travail collectif, sans cesse testées, renouvelées et remplacées représente une des réponses à ce questionnement. L’étude de cas présentée dans cet article, à savoir le pilotage d’un service d’urgences pédiatriques, permet d’appréhender de façon plus précise les éléments constitutifs d’une articulation, dans un contexte de changement organisationnel. L’articulation englobe un ensemble d’interactions à travers deux scènes organisationnelles clairement différenciées : celles des patients et des soignants puis celle des soignants et des équipes support.
Determination of sulphides in cements by using potentiometry with a selective electrode of sulphides
Authors: Bernal José Luis , Del Nozal Jesús , Deban Luis , Tascón M. Luz , Sánchez Cerrato Ángel
Published: May 2012

A procedure for the determination of sulphides attackable by HCI (1 :3) in cements by means of a potentiometric determination with a selective electrodo of sulphides, is proposed.
Characteristics of spanish fly ashes
Authors: De Luxán M. P. , Sánchez de Rojas M. I. , Soria F.
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this study is the characterization of fly ashes produced by Spanish thermoelectric power plants, according to sampling taken in 1981 and 1982.
The study takes in the following characteristics: physical characteristics (size distribution of particles, ...); chemical ones (chemical analysis...); and mineralogical ones (application of instrumental techniques of X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectroscopy).
From a general point of view, it can be said that the samples of Spanish fly ashes are similar to those produced in other countries.
The results obtained are a contribution to the knowledge of Spanish fly ashes and form part of the antecedents of investigations carried out in subsequent years.
Glosario de términos relacionados con el deterioro de las piedras de construcción
Authors: Ordaz J. , Esbert R. M.
Published: May 2012

Not available.
Petrophysical caracterization and weatherability of the stones of the Seville Cathedral
Authors: Esbert R. M. , Ordaz J. , Alonso F. J. , Ruiz de Argandoña V. G. , Montoto M. , Marcos R. , Valdeón L.
Published: May 2012

The petrographical characteristics of the principal types of calcareous materials used in the construction of the Seville Cathedral, as well as some significant physical and deformational properties are presented. Artificial ageing tests were also carried out for evaluating the weatherability of those stones, both from the monument and from the corresponding quarries.
Arenas normalizadas españolas. Su preparación. ARENAS en el lETcc. 1.ª Parte
Authors: Chinchilla M.
Published: May 2012

In 1919, the Ministry of Public Works made the Central Laboratory responsible for all referring to sands with respect to the evaluation of tensile and compressive strengths of cement mortar.
After 1956, the then Technical Institute of Construction and Cement took over the preparation and supply of this type of Spanish sand.
Presently, these sands are still being prepared in a modern complex consisting of an installation in Segovia and the sand plant located at the lETcc.
La resistencia mecánica a compresión como parámetro para el control y seguimiento de la arena normalizada ARENAS en el lETcc. 2.ª Parte
Authors: Tabera Seco Gregorio
Published: May 2012

This work presents, the process for the continue quality control of the "standardized sand", which is used in the resistance mechanic essays in the cement mortars.
With this finality, are exposed the different measures for the control of the apparatus and instruments that have been used to obtain a homogeneity in the results of the assays, which allows realize comparative studies that are reliable wich the "reference sand".
At the end of this work is inserted for its comparative study, the results obtained in the Institute with "standardized sand", that has been manufactured at the right place of the Institute.
Proposed textural indexes to quantify the distribution of the portland cement clinker phases
Authors: Rodríguez Rey Ángel , Montoto Modesto , Calleja Lope , Ruiz de Argandoña Vicente G.
Published: May 2012

Some textural parameters to quantify the distribution of the Portland cement clínker phases are proposed. These parameters are evaluated under reflected-light microscopy and allow the characterization of Clinker homogeneity. Their application to an industrial cement clinker is presented.
Contribución al análisis y estudio de las posibilidades de variación de la cantidad de yeso, CaS04.2 H2O, como agresivo, del método acelerado de ensayo ASTM C452 [Continuación (1)] Parte I B
Authors: Talero Morales Rafael
Published: May 2012

The reader should first refer to the summary of the first part of this work (published in Materials de Construction, no. 209) in order to have a clearer idea of the subject being dealt with herein.
In this part of the work, the experimental results of the ECO parametre (Evolution of Organoleptic Characteristics of the Test Pieces) are given, in order that they be interpreted along with those of the " Δ L (%) and Δ L (%)/g cement parametres, given in Part IA (1).
These experimental results have shown that:
1.°) The pozzolanic cement PUZ-8 withstood plaster aggression better than the P-1 (14.11% C3A) and the P-31 (7.62% C3A). This better behaviour should not, cannot, be extended de facto to all other pozzolanic cements, nor to all quantities greater than 30.11 % plaster (~ 14.0% SO3) used as aggressive agents.
2.°) The use as aggressive agents of quantities of plaster greater than 15.05% (7.0% SO3), specified expressly by the ASTM C 452 method, has proved of possible interest to those who must judge necessary and/or advise the use of a given cement resulting from their judgement.
3.°) The degree of response — of the Δ L (%) parametre, in the case of 12.0% SO3) and test pieces aged 28 days, and — of the Δ L (%)/g cement parametre, in the case of 14.0% SO3) and test pieces aged 14 days,
appear to be the most appropriate for grading more precisely cements being tested in this way.
Hydration of tricalcium silicate in blended Cements manufactured with cuban tuffs
Authors: Duque Fernández Gabriel Luis , Llópiz Yurell Julio Cesar , Rubio Frías Ester
Published: May 2012

The tricalcium silicate (alite) hydration velocity in cements with and without additives is studied in the presence of "Las Carolinas" quarry tuffs from Cienfuegos province, Cuba, the alite hydration velocity is enhanced reaching velocity constants 1.5 higher than in the standard cement.
Análisis de morteros medievales de dos castillos de Cantabria. España
Authors: Gutiérrez-Solana Federico , Jáuregui Modesto , Bohigas Ramón , Sarabia Pedro
Published: May 2012

This work presents the methodological procedure done on the analysis of ancient mortars from two middle-age castles, the one of Camargo (Vlll century) and the Torrejón at Las Henestrosas (XIII century), both in Cantabria. The analysis pretends to get complementary information to the previous one obtained from the archeological research done at these places.
The results obtained from the mortars tested, from foundations or pavem.ent, shoves their differences that can be associted to variables as location, age of construction and utility. The conclusions are a base for later analysis to modeling the construction knowledge in both settings.
Uso de la ceniza volante de lignitos (c.v.l.) como materia secundaria. Un resumen considerando especialmente la situación en la República Democrática Alemana (RDA)
Authors: Beyer Lothar
Published: May 2012

Not available.
Manganese substitutions into the portland cement clinker phases
Authors: Puertas F. , Blanco M. Teresa , Vázquez T.
Published: May 2012

The effect of manganese substitution into the crystal structures of the main Portland cement clinker phases (3CaO.SiO2, 2CaO.SiO2, 3CaO.Al2O3, 2CaO.Fe2O3 y 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3) has been studied by X-ray and analytical electron microscopy.
In oxidizing conditions, the limit of solid solution in 3CaO.SiO2 is about 0.72 ±0.11% (wt), while in 2CaO.SiO2 is 1.53±0,12%(wt). Mn solid solubility on 3CaO.Al2O3structure, in oxidizing conditions is close to 0.78 ± 0,12% (wt). In identical atmosphere, the proportion of Mn in the ferrite phases (2CaO.Fe2O3 and 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3) is 6.80 ± 0.87% (wt) and 6.7% (wt), respectively.
To each mentioned clinker phases a solid solution formula has been proposed. In these formula, the manganese substitutions and also the different oxidation states which this element can be introduced in those crystalline structure are defined.
Crack development through plastic shrinkage in fresh concretes and mortars
Authors: Aguanell García M.
Published: May 2012

The rate of water evaporation in the exposed surfaces plays an important part in the development of cracks in fresh concretes and mortars before hardening is completed. This rate of evaporation depends on the drying power of the wind sweeping such surfaces as a function of the relative humidity, temperature and speed of the air.
After many studies and research work on the subject of plastic cracking, the following axiom has been established: "Plastic shrinkage and cracking of concrete surfaces take place when water evaporates from the surface quicker than it can be replaced through exudation".
Once the value of weather parameters are known, the extent of the risk of crack development can be known and preventive steps taken to overcome such risk. Obviously, such steps are all oriented to reducing or stopping evaporation and go from covering surfaces with wet sackcloth or plastic foil, through sprinkling water mists or lowering the concrete temperature, to using film-forming curing products.
Another additional measure can be the addition of polypropelene fibers to the concrete while in the mixer, at the rate of 0.9 kg fiber to 1 m3 of concrete.
Laboratory studies for stone conservation at the Cathedral of Murcia
Authors: Esbert R. M. , Grossi C. M. , Valdeon L. , Ordaz J. , Alonso F. J. , Marcos R. M.
Published: May 2012

The results of a series of laboratory tests, carried out on the bioclastic limestone used in the construction of the Murcia cathedral, are presented in this paper in order to evaluate the efficiency of certain treatment products, that eventually could be applied to that stone for improving their state of conservation. Additionally, the behaviour under accelerated ageing tests of non treated samples and the treated ones with the different products employed -ethyl silicate, oligomeric polisiloxane and poliurethane-, is compared.
Durabilidad del hormigón: Acción de disoluciones de sulfato de calcio y de sulfato de magnesio sobre un cemento Portland de alta resistencia inicial. Influencia de la adición de escorias y de cenizas volantes
Authors: Sagrera-Moreno José Luis , González-Vila Victoriano , Aguanell-García Manuel , Gaspar-Tebar Demetrio
Published: May 2012

This article —included on a long time ICCET Investigation Program— studies the mechanical resistances variation, to flexure, of the 1 X 1 X 6 cm mortar samples (1:3) made with high initial resistance cement and with several slags addition (cement/slag = 85/15 - 65/35 - 40/60 and 30/70) with high furnace slag and a fly ash (with selected characteristies) when they were submited after the cured period (1 day at 100% R.H. and 21 days inside filtered potable water) to the action of the gypsum saturated solution, four magnesium sulphate solutions with the next concentrations (3.22 - 32.20 - 128.80 and 515.20 g/l of MgS044.7H20), gypsum saturated solution with 3.22 g/l MgS04.7H20 a gypsum saturated solution with 32.20 g/l MgSO4. 7H2O and, moreover, filtered potable water, during 56-90-180- 360 - 540 - 720 - 900 and 1080 days. The results obtained have produced a clasification accord to the mechanical behaviour to flexure of the cement n. ° 1 and the mixed cement n.° 1/slag and cement n.° 1/fly ash, front to the agressive solutions mentioned.
Rock as a construction material: durability, deterioration and conservation
Authors: Esbert Rosa M.ª , Montoto Modesto , Ordaz Jorge
Published: May 2012

The different aspects related to the deterioration and conservation of stone, used as a construction material, are reviewed in this article. The petrographical characteristics and physical properties which control the durability of stone material are stated. The importance of the voids and the properties more directly linked to the up-taking and transfer of humidity through the stone are pointed out. Regarding to the deterioration processes, the role of water, soluble salts and atmospheric pollutants upon the different alteration mechanisms of the building stones is emphasized. Finally, the steps related to the stone conservation, and the methods and products more currently employed to that aim are revised.
Interface Microstructures in Concrete
Authors: Puertas Francisca , Palomo Ángel , Blanco M.ª Teresa
Published: May 2012

This paper constitutes a compilation as well as an interpretation of the present state of knowledge about the different microstructures developed in the interface areas of concrete, that is, the cement paste-aggregates, the cement paste-reinforcement, the cement paste-fiber, etc. The Chemical reactions taking place in interface areas, the development and morphology of such areas and their strength ^since interfaces are taken as the weakest points of concrete) are the aspects dealt with in some detail in this work.
The significance of curing in the future corrosion resistance of concrete structures
Authors: López W. , Feliu S. , González J. A. , Andrade Mª. Carmen
Published: May 2012

Steel in contact with fresh concrete is covered by a layer of passivating oxydes due to the alkaline nature of the pore solution. The presence of oxygen plays an important role in this passivation process as well as in the corrosión one when is developped due to the ingress of aggressives, such as, chloride ions.
In the present paper, results are commented on the behaviour found when oxygen is limited due to the concrete curing conditions, in a completely saturated chamber.
Surprisely, the results indicate that the oxygen availability during the curing has a marked influence on the future corrosion beabieviour This allows to deduce that the mechanisms involved are not so simple as was currently accepted and that new specific tests are needed to clarify the controversial points.
Study of water-repellent treatments applied on limestone from Andalusian Cathedrals
Authors: Villegas R. , Vale J. F. , Alcalde M.
Published: May 2012

Five types of stone used in Andalusian Cathedrals have been treated with different water-repellent treatments, to evaluate the effects of this products. The stones studied are limestone, calcarenite and dolomite; the products applied are organosilicones and acrylics.
In this work properties related with water access and movement through the stone have been measured and compared their values before and after the application of the treatments.
Early age volume changes in concrete due to chemical shrinkage of cement paste
Authors: Ebensperger L. , Breitenbücher R. , Springenschmid R.
Published: May 2012

Unrestrained early age volume changes due to chemical shrinkage in cement pastes, mortars and concretes have been determined. The measurements were performed on sealed and unsealed samples which were stored under water.
The chemical shrinkage of unsealed specimens represents the amount of absorbed water due to the chemical reaction of the cement It depends only on the cement content of the sample and does not lead to changes of the external dimensions. However the chemical shrinkage of sealed specimens is connected with a real volume change due to self-desiccation and the effect of internal pressures. The shrinkage depends in this case on the restraining effect of coarse aggregates as well as the cement content. The chemical shrinkage measured on sealed concretes was much higher than the one expected to ocurr on concretes, because normally an equalization of pressure takes place to some extent in the interior of the concrete.
The use of expansive additives showed that they may compensate the chemical shrinkage, but its dosage is very sensitive and should be defined exactly for each case particularly.
Dosification of a cement-talc-chamotte refractory mortar subjected to thermal shock
Authors: Kittl P. , Díaz G. , Alarcón H.
Published: May 2012

A cement-talc-chamotte refractory mixture was dosified by subjecting the same to thermal shock. To this end, specimens compacted to 350 Kg/cm2 through compression as well as specimens compacted manually were prepared. All the specimens were submitted to an initial working temperature of 1000ºC and then left to cool down to room temperature. The thermal shock was originated by heating the specimens in an oven till reaching a certain temperature T¡ and then quenching the same through immersion in water at 20ºC; temperature T¡ was varied between 170ºC and 970ºC by means of 100ºC increments. The optimum dosification amounting to 90 % cement-talc and 10 % chamotte was obtained by studying mean stress at compression fracture of five cement-talc-chamote mixtures as a function of thermal shock. In addition, thermal fatigue exhibited by the optimum dosification was studied through the determination of mean loss in compressive strength, which amounted to 52% after 7 cycles with ΔT = 500ºC.
Microchemical identification of macael white marble in some spanish monuments
Authors: Bello M. A. , Martin L. , Martin A.
Published: May 2012

The white marble from Macael quarries (Almería, Spain) has been identified in some monuments of the Southern of Spain; the use of other white marble types has also been confirmed. The microchemical identification has been carried out by means a previously described graphical method (Bello and Martín,1991). Fourteen trace elements have been analyzed from both quarry and building material samples by using atomic absorption and flame emission spectrometry in order to apply the enrichment diagrams for trace elements (EDTE) for identification purposes.
Infrared thermography: possibilities and application to the study of material surfaces
Authors: Gayo E. , Palomo A. , Macías A.
Published: May 2012

Non-destructive measurement techniques are revealing themselves as a very important tool in the different fields or research due to their very own nature. The Materials team of ICCET is developing, since some time ago, the application of one of these techniques —specifically speaking, infrarred thermography— to the follow-up and quantification of the moisture present in the buildings of the Architectural Heritage. At all events, that technique can be applied to any physical phenomenon involving a variation of temperature or emissivity. This paper shows different possible applications of infrared thermography.
Evaluation of water repellent treatments applied to stones used in andalusian cathedrals. II. Salt crystallization test
Authors: Villegas Sánchez R. , Vale Parapar J. F.
Published: May 2012

In a previous paper we have studied the changes that have ocurred in the properties related to water access and movement in the stone after the application of water repellent treatments.
In this work we compare the weathering resistance of treated and untreated samples by means of sodium sulphate crystallization test.
After finishing the test (75 cycles) properties related to water have been measured again to know if the treatments have undergone any kind of deterioration and lose their water repellent characteristics.
Influence of petrographical characterístics in the penetration of consolidants in porous building stones
Authors: Esbert R. M. , Díaz-Pache F.
Published: May 2012

This paper describes a study of the penetration capacity of a consolidant frequently used in restoration —ethyl silicate— applied to two monumental stones with different porosities and pore geometries: the Hontoria limestone (Burgos) and the Laspra dolomite (Asturias). The relation between mode of application and penetration into the rock, and changes in porosity and pore geometry in the treated rocks, are discussed.
Mercury porosimetry has been employed to measure both the depth of penetration of the treatment and its influence on the void spaces in the rock.
The results obtained reveal that the most porous rock is not always that which most easily admits the treatment solution, and that the penetration of a treatment product is also influenced by the petrophysical properties of the rock.
Interface and internal compatibility in a copper fibre cement composite
Authors: Kittl P. , Martínez V.
Published: May 2012

This paper presents the mechanical behaviour of a compacted composite formed by short ductile copper fibres randomly distributed in portland cement matrix. The samples, a half with fibres and the other without them, were subjected to compression fatigue. So, 1 hertz and the value of stress corresponding to the 1% of the probability of fracture by gradual load were used. Diagrams of cumulative probability of fracture against cycles are obtained for both types of samples. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the mechanisms of fracture are different in each case. Samples of compacted neat-cement paste finish their life with a catastrophic fracture whereas samples of composite behave like a pseudoductile material devoid of catastrophic failure. The results are discussed and compared with the ones obtained by thermal shock and by the interface brittleness theory, as well as with the statistical theory of time-dependent fracture for cementitious materials subjected to cyclic loading. So, in the thermal shock microcracks are generated in the interface matrix-fibre which simultaneously act as emmitings and sumps of cracks whereas this does not occur in mechanical fatigue.
Influencia de la adición del filler calizo sobre el fraguado del cemento
Authors: Menéndez Ignacio , Triviño Fernando , Hernández Francisco
Published: May 2012

The present paper deals about the infuence that addition of calcareous "filler" has on the set of portland cement which rates are from 0 up to 50% of filler.
On some microstructural aspects of concrete deterioration
Authors: Draper E. A. , Wagner K. E. , Skalny J.
Published: May 2012

There are numerous mechanisms that can lead to deterioration of portland-cement concrete in service. The best known are corrosion of reinforcement, freezing-thawing expansion, alkali-silica reaction, acid attack, and sulfate-related problems, including delayed ettringite formation. Additionally, concrete can deteriorate as a consequence of improper processing, including curing. Often, several of the above mechanisms of deterioration are jointly responsible for the observed damage.
This paper briefly reviews the light-optical and electronoptical microscopic methods available to study some of the causes of concrete deterioration, and briefly describes selected case studies. Specifically, microstructural features resulting from physical (e.g., freezing-thawing) and chemical (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, delayed ettringite formation) deterioration of concrete are highlighted. Corrosion of reinforcement is not discussed.
Sens et force
Authors: Leroux Georges
Published: May 2012

Cet essai propose un portrait moral et philosophique de Jean-Paul Brodeur. Retraçant divers moments de sa formation en philosophie et rappelant ses premiers intérêts, je propose une esquisse de l’évolution de Jean-Paul Brodeur, à partir d’une critique de la philosophie spéculative menée au nom de l’objectivité des sciences sociales jusqu’à l’adoption d’un point de vue critique au sein même de la discipline criminologique.
About the proper use of policing “models”
Authors: Lévy René
Published: May 2012

À la lumière de son dernier ouvrage, The Policing Web, cet article examine la manière dont Jean-Paul Brodeur utilise l’histoire pour conceptualiser l’opposition entre « haute » et « basse police » sur laquelle il a fondé sa réflexion théorique depuis le milieu des années 1980. En comparant la typologie des institutions policières élaborée par Jean-Paul Brodeur à celle de l’historien Clive Emsley, l’auteur oppose deux manières de faire l’histoire : soit comme l’étude d’une émergence, prenant en compte la complexité des phénomènes dans leur déploiement temporel à la faveur d’une nouvelle question ; soit comme quête d’une origine à partir d’un aboutissement - la situation actuelle - afin d’éclairer cette dernière. Dans un cas, l’accent est mis sur la relecture du passé à la lumière de préoccupations présentes ; dans l’autre, le passé est mis au service de la réévaluation du présent.
Temporal variations in abiotic conditions exert little influence on diurnal activity of late-instar spruce budworm larvae on balsam fir
Authors: Holmes S.E. , Kettela E.G. , Nigam P.C. , Heard S.B. , Johns R.C.
Published: May 2012

Spruce budworm,Choristoneurafumiferana(Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), larvae can cause extensive defoliation in balsam fir (Abies balsamea[Linnaeus] Miller) and exhibit high temporal and spatial variability in individual behaviour. We gathered field data to determine the influence of daily and hourly variation in abiotic conditions on daytime activity patterns of late-instar budworm larvae on balsam fir. In both years of our study, less than 10% of larvae were observed feeding during the daytime. Most larvae observed were either resting, spinning silk, or roaming, although the proportion of individuals engaged in each activity varied between years, with more larvae in the first year roaming (48%) and in the second year either resting (38%) or spinning silk (42%). Daily and hourly variation in abiotic conditions had a limited influence on activity patterns. Our results indicate that in nature, mid- to late-instar budworm larvae maintain fairly consistent activity patterns across a wide range of abiotic conditions. We suggest that site-specific conditions such as variation in host-plant quality and/or budworm population density may be more important than weather in determining the relative frequencies of different larval activities in space and time.
Hymenopterous parasitoids of cranberry tipworm (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Peach D.A.H. , Huber J.T. , Fitzpatrick S.M.
Published: May 2012

Two parasitoids, identified as a species each of Aprostocetus Westwood (near Aprostocetusmarylandensis (Girault)) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Platygaster Latreille (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), were discovered in cranberry shoots (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae)) infested with cranberry tipworm, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), on a farm in Pitt Meadows, British Columbia, Canada. Parasitoids emerged from ∼18% of collected shoots in 2009, when Aprostocetus sp. was more numerous, and in 2010, when Platygaster sp. predominated. In 2009, Aprostocetus sp. was the only parasitoid species present in May and June, and predominated until late August, when Playtgaster sp. became prevalent. In 2010, Platygaster sp. was more numerous throughout June and July; numbers of Aprostocetus sp. increased in late July and early August. The parasitoids were naturally present despite applications of the insecticide diazinon.
The use of Imago Dei as a pastoral healing vision against women killings in the South African context
Authors: Baloyi Elijah M.
Published: May 2012

The exploitation and killings of women in South Africa are a concern not only for the government, but also for pastoral caregivers as well. Although the government has introduced institutions like the Commission for Gender Equality with responsibilities to ensure that there is equality between genders, it seems that the supposed patriarchal masculine superiority continues to demonstrate its dominance through the abuse, as well as the killings of women. Assigning women to the status of secondary citizens who are tortured and exposed to gender-based violence is not only unconstitutional, but also biblically wrong, as we can see from the biblical message of the creation of human beings. The goal of this article is to use the premise of �the image of God� to argue that women also are created in the image of God and hence they are worthy to be treated as such, from sexual harassment, sexual abuse and violence to murder. This is my personal observation as women of this country are being killed by their husbands and boyfriends. This article will use case studies to argue that women (just like men) deserve, as images of God, to live freely without fear of being killed by their husbands and boyfriends for whatever wrongdoing.
Treatment of Lung Metastases from Ewing Sarcoma with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy rather than Whole-Lung Irradiation
Authors: Rahn Douglas A , Read William , Sandhu Ajay
Published: May 2012

Advances in knowledge

Lung metastases from Ewing sarcoma have traditionally been treated with whole-lung irradiation (WLI) and chemotherapy. WLI may unnecessarily treat uninvolved normal lung tissue and increase the risk of toxicity. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for primary lung cancer and lung metastases, but there is no significant published description of SBRT in lung metastases from Ewing sarcoma.

Implications for patient care

The patient presented in this case report had long-term survival from lung metastases of Ewing sarcoma treated with chemotherapy and SBRT. SBRT may prove to be safer and more effective than whole lung irradiation as a treatment of lung metastases in Ewing sarcoma.

Summary statement

Whether SBRT of lung metastases of Ewing sarcoma can improve outcomes and decrease toxicity compared to whole-lung irradiation, surgical resection or palliative chemotherapy merits further study.

How to cite this article

Rahn DA, Read W, Sandhu A. Treatment of Lung Metastases from Ewing Sarcoma with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy rather than Whole-Lung Irradiation. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):34-36.
Intergranular Corrosion of Weld Metal of Super Type 304H Steel During 650°C Aging
Authors: Li X.M. , Zou Y. , Zhang Z.W. , Zou Z.D. , Du B.S.
Published: May 2012

The intergranular corrosion of the weld metal of super Type 304H (UNS S30409) stainless steel during aging at 650°C was investigated using electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR). Experimental results showed that the as-welded weld joint possesses a good corrosion-resistant property, but the formation of chromium-depleted zones caused by precipitation of Cr23C6 between cellular dendrites increased the reactivation ratio (Ra) when the weld metal was aged at 650°C for a prolonged time, indicating the acceleration of intergranular corrosion with increased aging time. Nevertheless, it was found that Cr23C6 showed the morphology with isolated particles after being aged for 500 h and Ra became stable.
Evidence of an elevated source of nucleation based on model simulations and data from the NIFTy experiment
Authors: Crippa P. , Petäjä T. , Korhonen H. , El Afandi G. S. , Pryor S. C.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. New particle formation has been observed at a number of ground-based measurement sites. Prior research predominantly from Europe has provided evidence that this new particle formation, while observed in the near-surface layer, is actually occurring in atmospheric layers above the surface and appears to be focused in or close to the residual layer formed by the nocturnal inversion. Here, we present both observations and modeling for southern Indiana, which support this postulate. Based on simulations with a detailed aerosol dynamics model and the Weather Research and Forecasting model, along with data from ground-based remote sensing instruments and detailed gas and particle phase measurements, we show evidence that (i) the maximum rate change of ultrafine particle concentrations as observed close to the surface is always preceded by breakdown of the nocturnal inversion and enhancement of vertical mixing and (ii) simulated particle size distributions exhibit greatest accord with surface observations during and subsequent to nucleation only when initialized with a particle size distribution representative of clear atmospheric conditions, rather than the in situ (ground-level) particle size distribution.
Plasma flows, Birkeland currents and auroral forms in relation to the Svalgaard-Mansurov effect
Authors: Sandholt P. E. , Farrugia C. J.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. The traditional explanation of the polar cap magnetic deflections, referred to as the Svalgaard-Mansurov effect, is in terms of currents associated with ionospheric flow resulting from the release of magnetic tension on newly open magnetic field lines. In this study, we aim at an updated description of the sources of the Svalgaard-Mansurov effect based on recent observations of configurations of plasma flow channels, Birkeland current systems and aurorae in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. Central to our description is the distinction between two different flow channels (FC 1 and FC 2) corresponding to two consecutive stages in the evolution of open field lines in Dungey cell convection, with FC 1 on newly open, and FC 2 on old open, field lines. Flow channel FC 1 is the result of ionospheric Pedersen current closure of Birkeland currents flowing along newly open field lines. During intervals of nonzero interplanetary magnetic field By component FC 1 is observed on either side of noon and it is accompanied by poleward moving auroral forms (PMAFs/prenoon and PMAFs/postnoon). In such cases the next convection stage, in the form of flow channel FC 2 on the periphery of the polar cap, is particularly important for establishing an IMF By-related convection asymmetry along the dawn-dusk meridian, which is a central element causing the Svalgaard-Mansurov effect. FC 2 flows are excited by the ionospheric Pedersen current closure of the northernmost pair of Birkeland currents in the four-sheet current system, which is coupled to the tail magnetopause and flank low-latitude boundary layer. This study is based on a review of recent statistical and event studies of central parameters relating to the magnetosphere-ionosphere current systems mentioned above. Temporal-spatial structure in the current systems is obtained by ground-satellite conjunction studies. On this point we emphasize the important information derived from the continuous ground monitoring of the dynamical behaviour of aurora and plasma convection during intervals of well-organised solar wind plasma and magnetic field conditions in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) during their Earth passage.