bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normativity in language teacher learning: ELF and theEuropean Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages(EPOSTL)
Authors: Riegler Stefanie
Published: September 2021

As with any proposal for a change in pedagogy, the starting point for implementation is teacher education. Suggestions have been put forward for an approach to English language teaching (ELT) which takes into account the lingua franca function language can fulfill. Frameworks for how teachers might adopt a pedagogy of English as a lingua franca (ELF), however, are inconsistent with current policy guidelines for student teacher learning. This concerns most notably those directives provided in theEuropean Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages(EPOSTL), which is used in a growing number of teacher formation programs. This paper examines the ‘can-do’ statements which the EPOSTL proposes should represent the required methodological competences of language teachers. Using discourse analytic methods, the article explores what the EPOSTL portrays that prospective teachers need to know about language and how to teach it. It is argued that the language education policy represented by the EPOSTL is based on a conceptual perspective that can only impede the development of a genuinely reflective approach to the education of English language teachers and the implementation of an ELF pedagogy.
Examining authenticity from an ELF perspective: the development of listening test papers in Hong Kong (1986–2018)
Authors: Chan Jim Yee Him
Published: September 2021

The present study examined the degree of situational and interactional authenticity in Hong Kong’s listening examination papers throughout the history of colonisation and globalisation (1986–2018) with reference to world Englishes and particularly English as a lingua franca (ELF) research. By means of a detailed content analysis, the evaluation of situational authenticity was based on the context of language use (e.g., speech event type, nature of interaction, identity and accent of interlocutor) in the audio samples, while the evaluation of interactional authenticity centred on the speaker’s use of communicative strategies. Our findings suggest that the speech samples generally reflected the changing situations of language use over time by increasingly adopting dialogue (rather than monologue) and locally/globally relevant language use contexts, but only included native-speaker and (from 2012) Hong Kong English accents as speech models. Despite the lack of non-standardness and speakers of different cultures in the speech samples, there were numerous instances of explicitness strategies relevant to ELF interactions throughout the sample, probably owing to the intent of the listening examination to highlight key information for the candidates. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these trends in listening paper design for the future development of English language teaching from an ELF perspective.
Synthesize and characterization of conductive nano silver/graphene oxide composites
Authors: Li Shasha , Liu Xi , Qin Jianjia , Fang Changqing , Liu Nailiang
Published: September 2021

To meet the high-precision needs of conductive ink in the field of microelectronic circuit printing, nano silver-coated graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared as the conductive functional unit of the composites. The results show that compatibility of the GO grafted with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is better in the organic matrix than in the inorganic solvents. The nano silver particles attached to the surface of the grafted GO are evenly distributed and uniform in size. Moreover, the conductivity of grafted GO coated with silver particle composites is effectively improved. The composite conductivity is higher than 108 S/m, which is close to the electrical conductivity of silver.
Structural, surface, and computational analysis of two vitamin-B1 crystals with sulfonimide-based anions
Authors: Bellia Sophia A. , Teodoro Lara I. , Traver Joseph , Guillet Gary L. , Zeller Matthias , Hillesheim Patrick C.
Published: September 2021

Two crystals incorporating the thiamine·HCl cation and the fluorinated anion 1,3-disulfonylhexafluoropropyleneimide have been characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The host-guest interactions of thiamine with the anions are analyzed and characterized using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The cations in both structures form a dimer in the solid-state via reciprocal hydrogen bonding through the amine and hydroxyl moieties. Additional investigation into the interactions responsible for dimer formation found that the sulfur atom in the thiazolium ring interacting with several hydrogen atoms to form stabilizing interactions. These interactions in the dimer are further analyzed using reduced density gradient analysis and the results are correlated to the fingerprint plots derived from the Hirshfeld surfaces. Moreover, specific interactions are observed from the cyclical anions, with both the fluorine and sulfonyl oxygen atoms participating in bridging interactions, displaying the diverse host-guest properties of thiamine.
Bifurcation analysis in a predator–prey model with strong Allee effect
Authors: Zhu Jingwen , Wu Ranchao , Chen Mengxin
Published: September 2021

In this paper, strong Allee effects on the bifurcation of the predator–prey model with ratio-dependent Holling type III response are considered, where the prey in the model is subject to a strong Allee effect. The existence and stability of equilibria and the detailed behavior of possible bifurcations are discussed. Specifically, the existence of saddle-node bifurcation is analyzed by using Sotomayor’s theorem, the direction of Hopf bifurcation is determined, with two bifurcation parameters, the occurrence of Bogdanov–Takens of codimension 2 is showed through calculation of the universal unfolding near the cusp. Comparing with the cases with a weak Allee effect and no Allee effect, the results show that the Allee effect plays a significant role in determining the stability and bifurcation phenomena of the model. It favors the coexistence of the predator and prey, can lead to more complex dynamical behaviors, not only the saddle-node bifurcation but also Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. Numerical simulations and phase portraits are also given to verify our theoretical analysis.
Aplicación de las técnicas de marketing sensorial en los establecimientos de moda: el caso de Zara y Stradivarius
Authors: Marín Dueñas Pedro Pablo , Gómez-Carmona Diego
Published: September 2021

La creciente importancia de los portales de compra online frente al retail físico, hace necesario el desarrollo de estrategias en el punto de venta para que los consumidores sigan acudiendo a las mismas a comprar. Y, en este sentido, una de las grandes diferencias (por no decir el punto fuerte) entre la tienda física y la online es la experiencia física de poder tocar y sentir el producto. La tienda no debe ser entendida solo como un punto de venta, sino que se debe configurar como un espacio donde vivir experiencias. Y es aquí, integrada dentro de la estrategia de trade marketing, donde cobra especial relevancia el marketing de los sentidos. Partiendo de esta premisa, la presente investigación se centra en el estudio del marketing sensorial utilizado por las tiendas de moda del grupo Inditex Stradivarius y ZARA y, más concretamente, en como aplican estas técnicas en sus tiendas, desde el punto de vista del olfato, el oído, la vista y el tacto. Para ello se aplicará la metodología del análisis de contenido.  De los resultados se desprende que estos establecimientos aplican de manera activa las técnicas de marketing sensorial, estando presentes en todas las tiendas, al objeto de mejorar la experiencia de compra de los consumidores.
The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway is Expressed in the Adult Mouse Hypothalamus and Modulated by Fasting
Authors: Antonellis Patrick J. , Engle Staci E. , Brewer Kathryn M. , Berbari Nicolas F.
Published: September 2021

The hedgehog signaling pathway is best known for its role in developmental patterning of the neural tube and limb bud. More recently, hedgehog signaling has been recognized for its roles in growth of adult tissues and maintenance of progenitor cell niches. However, the role of hedgehog signaling in fully differentiated cells like neurons in the adult brain is less clear. In mammals, coordination of hedgehog pathway activity relies on primary cilia and patients with ciliopathies such as Bardet–Biedl and Alström syndrome exhibit clinical features clearly attributable to errant hedgehog such as polydactyly. However, these ciliopathies also present with features not clearly associated with hedgehog signaling such as hyperphagia-associated obesity. How hedgehog signaling may contribute to feeding behavior is complex and unclear, but cilia are critical for proper energy homeostasis. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the expression of core components of the hedgehog signaling pathway in the adult mouse hypothalamus with an emphasis on feeding centers. We show that hedgehog pathway genes continue to be expressed in differentiated neurons important for the regulation of feeding behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that pathway activity is regulated at the transcriptional level by fasting. These data suggest that hedgehog signaling is involved in the proper functioning of brain regions that regulate feeding behavior and that hedgehog pathway dysfunction may play a role in the obesity observed in certain ciliopathies.
Beethoven’s Theologian: Johann Michael Sailer and the Missa solemnis
Authors: Chong Nicholas
Published: September 2021

This article investigates Beethoven’s connection to the Bavarian Catholic theologian Johann Michael Sailer (1751–1832), the importance of which has been understated or misunderstood in the existing Beethoven literature. Drawing on historical studies of the complex relationship between Catholicism and the German Enlightenment, it provides a detailed and nuanced account of Sailer’s theology, situating it within the fierce debates that took place among German Catholics in this period. The article goes on to examine the contents of three books by Sailer in Beethoven’s possession, and to show how key ideas in these books resonate with features of Beethoven’s Missa solemnis, which he worked on around the time he was exposed to Sailer’s ideas. In conclusion, the article argues that a deeper understanding of Sailer and his possible influence on Beethoven should prompt a reconsideration of long-standing assumptions regarding the composer’s religious outlook, which may have been more sympathetic to Catholicism than has previously been supposed.
Integrated proteomics and histochemical analysis of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Araucariaceae) in embryogenic suspension culture
Authors: Pereira-Dias Francis , Steiner Neusa , Cangahaula-Inocente Gabriela , Lando Ana Paula , Santos Marisa , Guerra Miguel Pedro
Published: September 2021

t Cell suspension culture is a useful in vitro model-system for both scaling up and conserving the Brazilian conifer Araucaria angustifolia. In the present work, cell suspension of Araucaria was subjected to proteomics, biochemical and histochemical analyses. The results revealed new insights underlying the molecular mechanism of proembryogenic masses transition in cell suspension. Embryogenic cell cultures were cultivated in a basal liquid medium modified in a Steward apparatus (orbital agitator). Cell growth dynamics was evaluated using cell volume after sedimentation, fresh weight, mitotic index, conductivity, pH, and the number of proembryogenic masses (PEMs: I, II, III). Histochemical parameters, cell viability, and cell death analyses were performed to pinpoint growth rates. Proteomics analysis was performed using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and protein identification was carried out by MALDI-TOF-TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Cell growth dynamics showed a predominance of PEM III. Maximum slope of the exponential phase growth in fresh weight occurred at exponential phase after 15 days (optimal cultivation time), after which cell viability and pH decreased, thereby allowing the identification of stressrelated proteins. Several metabolism and growth proteins were abundant, such as: cytoskeletal, WOX1, cytokinin-related, and auxin-related proteins acting on cell wall modification, suspensor cell formation, and PEM I to PEM III transition.
Nutrient resorption efficiency of three tree species in Beijing plain afforestation and its C:N:P stoichiometry
Authors:   Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, Wu Yuanhao , Jiang Jun ,   Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, Chen Beibei ,   Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, Hu Yucun ,   School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
Published: September 2021

Elucidating variability in nutrient resorption and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry is important for holistically understanding plant approaches to nutrient adaption. However, the patterns of these phenomena in afforested regions of the Beijing Plain have been ignored. Herein, we assessed patterns of leaf and litter C, N, and P stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in Robinia pseudoacacia L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Salix matsudana Koidz. forests in afforested areas in Beijing, China. We found that the plantation growth of R. pseudoacacia and S. matsudana was mainly limited by P nutrients. Both the N and P in the fresh leaves of R. pseudoacacia were significantly higher than those in the fresh leaves of S. matsudana and A. altissima, indicating that the N resorption efficiency (NRE) of R. pseudoacacia was higher. However, the P resorption efficiency (PRE) was significantly correlated with the leaf P nutrients in the R. pseudoacacia and A. altissima forests. Except for the significant correlation between the N content of fresh leaves and the AN content in soil, there were no significant correlations between the leaf C, N and P contents and the contents of these nutrients in the soil. These results suggested that of the factors studied, leaf P stoichiometry and PRE were more responsive indicators of the afforestation area on the Beijing Plain. Together, our data indicated that P deficiency is an important factor for the forests on the Beijing Plain and that the ability of afforested areas to adapt to barren land through nutrient resorption is gradually weakened and the N and P nutrient preservation ability is reduced over time. We thus clarified the nutrient resorption and leaf P and N patterns for the three forests studied. The findings have important implications for the application of P fertilizer, which must be conducted in a timely fashion to ensure that nutrient addition meets the nutritional needs of the plants.
Plant species richness or soil fertility: which affects more the productivity of Scots pine in Central Europe?
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland., Sewerniak Piotr
Published: September 2021

It has been highlighted that forest productivity is related both to species richness and to soil fertility; however, thus far it has not been investigated which of these agents is more important for the productivity. The goal of this study was to examine this problem with regard to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Central Europe. The study was conducted in 129 plots located in SW Poland. The productivity of even-aged pine stands was estimated based on site index. Plant species richness was investigated regarding the total richness as well as the richness referring to particular forest strata (overstorey, understorey, herb layer). Soil fertility was studied regarding the nutrients’ stocks, the contents of fine-textural classes, pH, the TOC content and the values of Soil Trophic Index. The importance of the variables for the site index was examined using Spearman correlations and the stepwise regression. Productivity of the studied stands was predominantly correlated stronger to species richness than to soil properties being related to its fertility. The higher importance for the productivity of soil variables than of species richness was exclusively found for the poorest plots being represented by Podzols. This study highlights the high importance of species richness occurring in particular forest strata for the forest stand productivity, which could involve consequences for forest economy as well as for CO2 sequestration. Thus, the research delivers strong argument for the conversion of pine mono-stands occurring in Central Europe for mixed forests.
Analysis of a feller-buncher productivity: a case study of whole-tree harvesting from Marmara region, Turkey
Authors: Gülci Neşe , Yüksel Kıvanç , Gülci Sercan , Serin Hasan , Bilici Ebru , Akay Abdullah
Published: September 2021

In fully mechanized forest harvesting systems, tree felling activities are mostly performed by using harvesters or feller-bunchers. In some regions of Turkey, where terrain conditions and stand characteristics are suitable, fully mechanized harvesting systems have been recently practiced by some of the logging contractors as private forest industry demands for large amounts of forest products throughout the year. Thus, performances of these newly practiced harvesting systems should be carefully analyzed in order to implement productive and cost-effective mechanized harvesting systems. In this study, productivity of whole-tree harvesting using a feller-buncher was investigated based on stand parameters including tree height, DBH, and volume. The DBH of the felled trees were divided into four classes (i.e. very small: 16-19 cm, small: 20-23 cm, medium: 24-27 cm and large: 28-31 cm) to investigate the effects of various DBH class on the time consumption of cutting stage and productivity of the feller-buncher. To estimate productivity of feller-buncher in harvesting operation, multiple linear and polynomial regressions were also developed and discussed after the interpretation of diagnostic plots. The results indicated that the average productivity of the feller-buncher was 74.96 m3 /h which was closely related with tree height (r = 0.63), DBH (r = 0.67), and volume (r = 0.67). The average moving time was the most time-consuming stage (60%), followed by cutting (29%) and bunching stages (11%). It was found that DBH classes caused statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects on the time spent on cutting stage and productivity of the feller-buncher. The cutting time and productivity increased from very small to large diameter classes, while bunching time increased from very small to small diameter and then medium diameter to large diameter classes. Polynomial regression had a positive impact on the performance of the estimation model of manually field-measured data based on the error parameters.
Transpiration of Anatolian black pine and sessile oak forest stands in a sub-humid region of Turkey
Authors: Ozcelik Mehmet Said , Sengonul Kamil
Published: September 2021

Transpiration is a key component of the watershed water budget. Therefore, determining the transpiration of forest stands with different characteristics have been of interest for watershed hydrology and forest management practices in a wide range of environments. The objectives of this study were to compare transpiration of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) tree stands and to model transpiration based on the measured climatic factors. Stand transpirations were calculated from sap flow measurements made by the trunk heat balance method. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (PCR) to detect affecting meteorological factors of stand transpiration, and we developed linear regression equations to predict transpiration of pine and oak stands. Mean daily and yearly canopy transpiration (Ec) were 1.05 mm day-1 and 378.3 mm year-1 for the pine stand and 3.52 mm day-1 and 801.7 mm year-1 for the oak stand. There was a highly positive correlation between daily stand transpiration and wind speed, global radiation, air vapour pressure deficit and air temperature, but a negative correlation with relative humidity for both stands. Soil water potential had little effect on stand transpiration. The model equations accounted for 81% of the variations in transpiration for the pine stand and 85% for the oak stand. Therefore, the transpiration of forest stands should be considered for effective vegetation management practices, as model equations to estimate the transpiration of pine and oak stands in the region.
Coping Strategies in the Situation of Adaptation of International Students to Study at a Medical University
Authors: Timchenko Nataliya S. , Kochetova Yulia Y.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research is determined by the search for scientific data, the practical use of which allows us to optimize the process of adaptation of international students receiving a medical education/ occupation in Russia. Success on this path is an additional factor in the competition in the global market of educational services. The purpose of the study: following the analysis of the adaptation resources of international students, to identify the main coping strategies in the situation of adaptation to learning at a medical university.
Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research rests on the works by R. Lazarus and J. Amirkhan. To determine the degree of socio-cultural adaptation, we conducted a survey of international students. The questions of the authorʼs questionnaire were compiled on the basis of the L. V. Yankovsky’s test on the adaptation of the individual to the new socio-cultural environment. The repertoire of coping strategies of international students was determined after the method of analysis of coping methods by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman. In the course of the work, methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization were also used.
Results. Based on the study, the main factors of socio-psychological adaptation that affect the choice of coping strategies are identified and described. It is noted that the personality structure and its components such as the level of intelligence, self-esteem and internal beliefs determine the degree and nature of the adaptation process of international students: internal resources of the individual (upbringing, moral guidelines, religion) and social factors (family, friends, etc.). It is established that favorable indicators of external environmental factors contribute to the choice of productive coping strategies, and, conversely, the lack of adaptive resources leads to ineffective coping with the unfavorable circumstances of new academic and living conditions.
Discussion and Conclusion. The conclusions made on the basis of the conducted research contribute to the development of scientific ideas about the process of adaptation of international students studying at a Russian medical university.
First record of the diving beetle Copelatus chevrolati Aubé, 1838 in Cuba (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)
Authors: Megna Yoandri S. , Balke Michael , Hendrich Lars
Published: September 2021

We present the first distributional record of Copelatus chevrolati Aubé, 1838 from Cuba. Four specimens were collected in a light trap in August 2016 on the Isla de La Juventud. Ten species of Copelatus are now known from Cuba. We present a modified key to the Cuban species of Copelatus.
Jumping Towards the Future
Authors: Ljunge Magnus O.
Published: September 2021

Between the late nineteenth and the mid-twentieth century numerous ski-jumping towers were built all across Sweden. This accumulation of large, monumental sporting facilities occurred even though ski jumping never attracted large numbers of practitioners. The building of such towers in the southern and central parts of Sweden, where snowy winters are far from guaranteed, is of particular interest. Today, most of the ski-jumping towers in the southern half of Sweden have been torn down, but they have left a hidden and forgotten material heritage. This paper examines the abandoned places of ski jumping, where fragmented material remains give witness to a phenomenon that once was of central importance in shaping and expressing ideals and social identities in the modernization of Sweden. The ski jumps became arenas for a new and spectacular sport that drew large crowds, but they also became landmarks and monuments of progress and prosperity in the new modern age.
Private Struggles in Public Spaces
Authors: Angelo Dante , Britt Kelly , Brown Margaret Lou , Camp Stacey L.
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly every facet of our world, including some of the most fundamental forms of human behavior and our conception of the social. Everyday activities now pose a risk to individuals and to society as a whole. This radical shift in how we live has produced a wide array of material responses across the globe. This photo essay seeks to open up dialogue and ask questions about the numerous forms of COVID-19 materiality and altered landscapes that the authors have chronicled, witnessed, documented and cataloged in their communities, using archaeological and ethnographic methods. This materiality includes chalk art, graffiti, painted rocks and signage placed in both public and private spaces within the project authors’ communities. In framing our questions, we draw upon theoretical frameworks in the fields of cultural trauma studies, cultural anthropology and contemporary archaeology.
Stress-deformed state of the shell with a small initial deflection under the action of the end load
Authors: Pozhueva I. , Levitskaya Т.
Published: September 2021

Purpose of work. Construction of method for calculating the stress-strain state of cylindrical shell with small initial deflection, to which an end load is applied, using the method of characteristics. Comparison of the calculation results of the obtained model with the works of other authors in this area.

Research methods. For the calculation, the equations of motion of the Timoshenko type shell were used, taking into account both the shear deformation and inertia of rotation, and some nonlinear terms, to which the method of characteristics was applied. To obtain the equations of shell motion, the Hamilton-Ostrogradsky variational principle was used.

Results method is proposed for calculating the stress-strain state of a cylindrical shell with a small initial deflection using characteristics. Comparative analysis of the calculation results with research in this area by other authors, which showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Scientific novelty. The equations of the classical theory of shells, based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses, which do not take into account the shear deformation and inertia of rotation, as well as linear equations of the Timoshenko type, have become widespread. In this work, a model of the stress-strain state of an axisymmetric shell with small initial deflections is constructed, taking into account both shear deformation and rotational inertia, and some nonlinear terms.

Practical value. The proposed method can be used to calculate the stress-strain state of structures in which thin shells are present as elements, taking into account small initial deflection. This method makes it possible to study the influence of the characteristics of the initial deflection on the stress-strain state of the entire structure.
Design of a beam of variable cross-section on the elastic base by the quasi-analytical method considering boundary conditions
Authors: Shtanko Р. , Ryagin S. , Geletiy І. , Kononenko А.
Published: September 2021

Purpose. Improvement of the quasi-analytical method of nonlinear differential equation solution and its approbation with reference to beams of variable cross-section on the elastic base with two base factors.

Research methods. Boundary conditions in the form of required number of correspondently transformed equations are added to the system of the linear algebraic equations which results from substitution of approximating function with constant factors (for example – power function) in the nonlinear differential equation and fixation of a set of variable values. The total number of the equations have to correspond to quantity of constant factors if the further solution will be carried out by an analytical method.

Results. Deflection diagram of a trapezoid concrete beam with rectangular cross-section of variable height on the elastic base with two base factors has been calculated during approbation. Average solution error was equal to 0.06%. Distributions of the bending moments and normal stresses along the beam have been researched.

Scientific novelty. The authors did not meet in literature such method of nonlinear differential equation solution.

Practical value. The quasi-analytical method with realised consideration of boundary conditions that has been offered can be used for solution of differential equations of any order with various types of nonlinearity, including calculations of beams of variable cross-section on the elastic base.
Model of the impurities redistribution in the surface layer of an alloy under the action of pulsed laser radiation
Authors: Titov I. , Nedolya А.
Published: September 2021

Model of the impurities redistribution in the surface layer of an alloy under the action of pulsed laser radiation
Properties of nickel-based superalloys of equiaxial crystallization
Authors: Glotka O. , Olshanetskii V.
Published: September 2021

Purpose. The aim of the work is to obtain predictive regression models, with the help of which, it is possible to adequately calculate the mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloys of equiaxial crystallization, without carrying out preliminary experiments.

Research methods. To find regularities and calculate  the latest CALPHAD method was chosen, and modeling of thermodynamic processes of phase crystallization was performed.

Results. As a result of experimental data processing, the ratio of alloying elements Kg¢ was proposed for the first time, which can be used to assess the mechanical properties, taking into account the complex effect of the main alloy components. The regularities of the influence of the composition on the properties of heat-resistant nickel alloys of equiaxial crystallization are established. The analysis of the received dependences in comparison with practical results is carried out. The relations well correlated with heat resistance, mismatch and strength of alloys are obtained.

Scientific novelty. It is shown that for multicomponent nickel systems it is possible with a high probability to predict a mismatch, which significantly affects the strength characteristics of alloys of this class. The regularities of the influence of the chemical composition on the structure and properties of alloys are established. A promising and effective direction in solving the problem of predicting the main characteristics of heat-resistant materials based on nickel is shown

Practical value. On the basis of an integrated approach for multicomponent heat-resistant nickel-based alloys, new regression models have been obtained that make it possible to adequately predict the properties of the chemical composition of the alloy, which made it possible to solve the problem of computational prediction of properties from the chemical composition of the alloy. This allows not only to design new nickel-based alloys, but also to optimize the composition of existing brands.
Agressores de pessoas idosas: interpretando suas vivências
Authors: Oliveira Murilo Santos , Alarcon Miriam Fernanda Sanches , Mazzetto Fernanda Moerbeck Cardoso , Marin Maria José Sanches
Published: September 2021

Resumo Objetivo Interpretar a vivência dos denunciados de agressão à pessoa idosa no que se refere ao contexto de violência e dinâmica das relações. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado a partir de entrevistas presenciais com 16 participantes denunciados por agressões à pessoa idosa, entre março a dezembro de 2019. As entrevistas foram realizadas na Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher em uma cidade do interior Paulista, SP, Brasil e, em alguns casos, no próprio domicílio do denunciado. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática. Resultados reconheceu-se a existência de dependência mútua, seja financeira ou de cuidados e que, quanto aos agressores, esses negam, justificam e minimizam a agressão, atribuindo o ato ao comportamento do idoso ou mesmo ao passado em que sofria agressão pelos mesmos. Os denunciados reconhecem que necessitam de ajuda, ao considerar seus problemas emocionais, o uso de drogas psicoativas e o exercício do estenuante papel de cuidador. Ainda admitem possuir remorso pelo ocorrido, manifestando autonegligência e desejo de apagar o fato. Conclusão O estudo evidenciou que o denunciado apresenta necessidades e vulnerabilidades próprias, em relações familiares de difícil manejo e que, em muitos casos, se manterá, mesmo com a ocorrência. Nestas situações, é preciso que haja uma escuta ampliada do envolvidos, em um trabalho intersectorial.
Plant-based frozen desserts: temporal sensory profile and preference
Authors: Medeiros Alessandra Cazelatto de , Bolini Helena Maria André
Published: September 2021

Abstract To respond to the growing demand for specific diets aimed at lactose intolerant and vegan consumers, chocolate-flavored frozen desserts with no addition of lactose and other animal-derived products were produced, and the temporal profile and the consumers' acceptance of the samples with sucrose substitution by sweeteners were also investigated. Six frozen dessert formulations were made, three made with soy protein and three with rice protein, sweetened with sucrose, sucralose, and stevia. Acceptance tests and Time-Intensity (TI) analysis were performed to assess the intensity and duration of the attributes sweet taste, bitter taste, chocolate flavor, and melting behavior. The results showed no effect of the different plant proteins on the temporal profile and the acceptance by consumers. The use of sweeteners altered the temporal sensory profile and negatively impacted the acceptance of the samples. The sucralose-sweetened formulations were characterized by a lower intensity of sweet taste, chocolate flavor, and bitterness, whereas the stevia-sweetened formulations showed greater intensity and duration of the bitter taste. Characteristics such as the low intensity of chocolate flavor and the increase in sweetness affected the final acceptance of the product. The melting time of frozen desserts has been extended with the use of body agents to replace sucrose.
Enhanced migration and sequestration of food oily additives into polystyrene oleophilic-hydrophobic-walled containers
Authors: Zhekenov Temirlan , Dikhanbayeva Dinara , Ospanova Saltanat , Rojas-Solórzano Luis
Published: September 2021

Abstract Currently, the high natural oil content in the regular daily diet of a significant segment of the global population has raised deep concern for health authorities worldwide. One example can be soups, which are liquid foods that usually contain high salt levels besides the fat released by the ingredients during the cooking process and the oil that is directly added. This investigation focused on assessing a novel technique to regulate the oil content in soups after being served for consumption. The research aimed to examine the potential reduction of fat in soups by using a non-invasive capillary mechanism created by microchanneling used on the surface of a polystyrene oleophilic/hydrophobic wall in contact with the food to enhance the migration and further sequestration of a fraction of the freely floating oil in these meals.
Detecção de valores aberrantes em alguns experimentos interlaboratoriais para alimentos
Authors: Gonçalves Elisabeth Borges , Alves Ana Paula Guedes , Martins Paula Alves
Published: September 2021

Resumo Valores aberrantes são grande preocupação em laboratórios de alimentos, até pela heterogeneidade de muitas matrizes, e, embora haja diversos testes de hipóteses para identificá-los, faltam informações detalhadas sobre seus resultados. Gráficos, como desenhos esquemáticos, ramo-e-folhas e outros, não têm sido vistos em laboratórios com esse objetivo. Interlaboratoriais da literatura em alimentos foram revistos e tais gráficos foram empregados junto aos testes de Dixon, Grubbs e Hampel, além do escore Zr. Pôde-se notar como os resultados desses métodos podem apresentar discordâncias, tanto entre os gráficos como entre os resultados numéricos, e entre os últimos e os primeiros. Dentre os gráficos empregados, além dos desenhos esquemáticos, os ramo-e-folhas trouxeram boa visualização de valores aberrantes. Nas técnicas numéricas, o escore Zr apontou o maior número de valores aberrantes potenciais e o teste de Hampel se mostrou mais adequado. Houve conformidade entre os resultados desta pesquisa e os de um dos quatro interlaboratoriais revisitados, enquanto foram observadas divergências nos demais. Sugere-se o emprego, quando possível, dos modelos de delineamentos ao estudar os experimentos e atenção aos casos com mais de 1% de valores aberrantes.
Persistence of behavioral abnormalities following corticosteroid therapy in children with initial episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a prospective longitudinal observation
Authors: Singh Parichay , Mishra Om P. , Upadhyay Shashi K. , Prasad Rajniti , Singh Ankur , Abhinay Abhishek , Mishra Akash , Schaefer Franz
Published: September 2021

Abstract Introduction: Treatment of nephrotic syndrome with corticosteroid can cause several side- effects including behavioral abnormalities. The objectives of the study were to observe the proportion of non-relapsers having persistence of behavioral abnormalities after completion of treatment of initial episode and compare the abnormalities with relapsers, and to determine risk factors for persistence. Methods: Seventy-five children with a first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and 60 normal children were rated by parents for behavioral problems using the Child Behavior Checklist. The Parenting Stress Index was also evaluated. The children were rated before treatment and 12 and 36 weeks after. Results: Both relapsers and non-relapsers showed abnormalities in internalizing and externalizing domains at 12 weeks of steroid therapy. Non-relapsers had abnormal scores in the internalizing domain in 63.5 % and externalizing domain in 48.1% of cases at 36 weeks. Relapsers had abnormal scores in all the three behavior domains, but a significantly higher proportion of relapsers had abnormal scores regarding total behavior (65.2% vs 28.8%, p<0.01) and child domains (100% vs 57.7%, p<0.001) of Parenting Stress Index in comparison to non-relapsers at 36 weeks. Occurrence of relapse increased the risk (odds ratio 5.76, 95% CI 1.35-10.76, p< 0.001) for persistence of abnormal total behavior at 36 weeks follow-up. Conclusion: Persistence of abnormalities was observed not only in relapsers but also in non-relapsers. Relapse was found to be a significant risk factor for persistence of abnormal behaviors in these patients.
AS INGERÊNCIAS GOVERNAMENTAIS E O ANTÍDOTO FREIREANO: ARQUÉTIPOS DE RESISTÊNCIA EM TEMPOS DE NECROEDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Estefogo Francisco , Fuga Valdite , Vendramini Daniela
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo promover a discussão e reflexão das ingerências governamentais no atual cenário brasileiro assolado em uma crise gerada pela COVID-19 que, no contexto educacional, tem restringido nosso fazer pedagógico e acentuado as desigualdades sociais entre os grupos invisibilizados. O estudo é norteado pelo conceito teórico-filosófico mbembeniano de necropolítica, ou seja, uma política centrada na produção da morte, cujo pressuposto consiste no poder de ditar quem pode viver e quem deve morrer. A necroeducação, nessa mesma direção, implica educação de forma precária, acesso restrito, infraestrutura inadequada, ausência de recursos básicos no processo ensino-aprendizagem e, sobretudo, a promoção do descrédito nas Ciências Humanas, nosso lugar de fala, o que perpetua o silenciamento e as injustiças em todas as suas instâncias. Diante do quadro apresentado, recorremos ao aporte freireano a fim de prospectar ações docentes emancipadoras e libertadoras como antídoto para coibir as inúmeras ingerências governamentais que ressaltam a necroeducação. Como se mostra, trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico enviesado pela ótica qualitativa para leitura e interpretação dos dados advindos da mídia. Neste trabalho, a interlocução teórica permite-nos dizer que a educação para a morte se distancia quando entendemos a educação como um ato político e libertador; quando desenvolvemos práticas educativas que possibilitam ao educando pensar criticamente sobre o seu papel agentivo na busca de superar situações-limite e, na perspectiva freireana, projetar transformações no contexto escolar e extensões mostrando a todos que é possível e viável criar algo juntos a partir do inédito.
Gamified Learning Theory: The Moderating role of learners' learning tendencies
Authors: Zaric Nadja , Roepke Rene , Lukarov Vlatko , Schroeder Ulrik
Published: September 2021

The Gamified Learning Theory implies that gamification does not affect learning directly but stimulates a learning-related behavior in a mediating or moderating process. A learner-related behavior can, to some extent, be predicted based on the way learners tend to perceive, understand and utilize information. These different ways of learning are known as learning tendencies. This study investigates the moderator role of learning tendencies on gamification success concerning learners' academic participation, engagement, and experience. For this, Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model is used for the identification of learners' tendencies. In our study, 69 Computer Science students were randomly assigned to one control and two treatment groups. Students in the treatment groups were assigned two different gamified courses, while the control group attended a non-gamified course. This allowed us to analyze the individual effect of each gamification design and compare and see which gamification design was more appropriate for a learner with particular tendencies. Our results indicate that gamification design positively contributes to academic participation, affects learners' engagement in gamified environments, and that students' learning tendencies moderated students' engagement.
PROPOSALS REGARDING A WEAPON REVIEW PROCESS IN SOUTH AFRICA (PART 1)
Authors: Ashley Charles Moorhouse  , David Abrahams
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to put forward submissions regarding the implementation of a weapons review process in compliance of South Africa’s obligations under Additional Protocol I (hereinafter “API”) Article 36. Article 36 requires each state party to determine whether the employment of any new weapon, means or method of warfare that it studies, develops, acquires or adopts would, insome or all circumstances, be prohibited by international law. Article 36 does not specify how such a legal review should be implemented or conducted. Thus this article puts forward proposals regarding both the substantive and procedural aspectsof a review of the legality of weapons, means and methods of warfare that the authors submit best befits the South African context.A background regarding the legal limitations placed upon the use of certain weapons, means and methods of warfare and an explanation of South Africa’s obligations regarding national implementation of a weapons review process, is given in paragraph 1 so as to create an understanding as to why it is necessary for the Republic of South Africa to implement a process to review the legality of weapons, means and methods of warfare. Before the implementation of a weapons review process can be discussed, the subject matter of such a review must first be ascertained. Thus paragraph 2 contains a discussion regarding the definition of the term “weapons, means and methods of warfare” and a determination of which weapons shall form the subject matter of legal reviews. No specific manner of implementation is contained within API and thus it is at the discretion of the state in question, in this case South Africa, to adopt the necessary measures to implement this obligation. In this regard, paragraph 3 contains submissions regarding the status of the review body within the state hierarchy and its method of establishment. This paragraph also contains an explanation of the process by which South Africa acquires its weapons. The legal scope of the review process is dealt with in paragraph 4. Within thisparagraph, the place of both treaty-based law and customary international law (“CIL”) in the South African legal system is discussed. Furthermore, the treaty-law and customary international law rules binding upon South Africa regarding limitations of specific weapons and general weapons limitations are enumerated and the paragraph ends with a discussion of the Martens Clause.
THE FIRE, THE BURGLARY AND THE PRAETORIAN EDICT DE NAUTIS, CAUPONIBUS ET STABULARIIS
Authors: Mark Tait  , Patrick Vrancken
Published: September 2021

The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest industry. This industry is also seen as one of the priority growth areas for the South African economy. In South Africa travel and tourism activity is expected to grow at a rate of 4.8% per annum in real terms between 2007 and 2016. This will mean an increase in travel and tourism economic activity in South Africa from R198.1 billion in 2006 to R511.5 billion in 2016. Based on these figures it is estimated that the travel and tourism industry will contribute 9.3% of the South African Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) by 2016. One of the main benefits of the travel and tourism industry is its potential for attracting foreign currency. Already, tourism is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner in South Africa. Furthermore, the travel and tourism industry has major potential for generating employment. It is expected that by 2016 the travel and tourism industry will provide 1.5 million jobs (or one in every 11.6) in South Africa. South Africa’s travel and tourism industry has experienced significant growth in the last decade. This resulted in a substantial number of guest houses and bed-and-breakfast establishments opening their doors in every city, town and in between. This growth is evidenced, for example, in that South Africa is well on its way to reaching its target of attracting 10 million foreign visitors per year with a reported 7.6% increase in foreign visitors in the first five months of 2008 to a total of 3 983 061. With the rise in travel and tourism activity, it can be safely forecasted that there will be a rise in litigation revolving around the respective rights of tourists and tourist service providers. In a nascent travel and tourism law jurisprudence, each case decided in this regard ought to be carefully considered by both legal practitioners and the industry. A matter came before the then Cape High Court during 2002, based on an action whose (continued) existence in South African law had been questioned more than eighty years earlier. The case was Gabriel v Enchanted Bed and Breakfast (2002 2 SA 597 CPD (hereinafter the “Gabriel case”)). Just to confirm that this was not to be an isolated reliance upon an almost obsolete remedy, the Gabriel case was followed in 2005 by Roy v Basson NO (2007 5 SA 84 CPD (hereinafter the “Roy case”)). The legal remedy in question is the Praetorian edict de nautis, cauponibus et stabulariis. (Considering the fairly unique nature of the legal ground under consideration in these two cases it is somewhat surprising to note that the court in the Roy case did not refer to the Gabriel case at all). Both these cases concern the liability of the proprietor of an inn in terms of the Praetorian edict de nautis, cauponibus et stabulariis and are therefore of particular relevance for the South African travel and tourism industry. It is therefore opportune to consider the Praetor’s edict and its application anew.