bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Infectious Diseases in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Szyszkowicz Mieczysław , de Angelis Nicholas
Published: January 2022

This study examines the relation between ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits due to certain infectious diseases in Toronto, Canada. The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database was used to draw the corresponding health cases. Daily data on ED visits, ambient air pollution concentration levels, and weather conditions during the period from April 2004 to December 2015 (4,292 days in total) were linked together and used in statistical models. Six air pollutants (fine particulate matter PM2.5, CO, NO2, SO2, ozone O3 as a daily average, and ozone O3-8 hour ozone, as a maximum eight hour average) were investigated. In addition, the Air Quality Health Index (combining NO2, O3, and PM2.5) was also considered. The time-stratified case-crossover technique was applied in the study design. Conditional Poisson models were created using the daily counts of ED visit data. The considered factors, air pollutants and weather, were lagged by the same number of days, from 0 to 14. In the period of the study 339,644 ED visits were identified; 177,619 for females and 162,025 for males. For each air pollutant 270 models were realized (15 lags x 18 strata). Ambient air pollution concentrations lagged by 2, 3, and 5 days have the highest impact on ED visits, with 34, 32, and 35 positive associations, respectively. For all patients and an increase in a one interquartile range (IQR=1.2 ppb) of sulphur dioxide, the following values of the relative risks (RR) were estimated: RR=1.005 (95% confidence interval: 0.998, 1.013), 1.008 (1.001, 1.016), 1.009 (1.001, 1.016), 1.011 (1.004, 1.019), 1.007 (0.987, 1.028), and 1.009 (1.002, 1.016) for lags from 0 to 5, respectively. The results suggest that exposures for certain air pollutants (mainly CO, O3, and SO2) in urban environment affect the number of ED visits related to infectious diseases.
Towards Self-Powered WSN: The Design of Ultra-Low-Power Wireless Sensor Transmission Unit Based on Indoor Solar Energy Harvester
Authors: Mahdi Elsiddig Haroun Fathi , Mohamad Deros Siti Noratiqah , Ahmed Alkahtani Ammar , Md Din Norashidah
Published: January 2022

The current revolution in communication and information technology is facilitating the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a broad category of IoT applications. However, power management in WSN poses a significant challenge when the WSN is required to operate for a long duration without the presence of a consistent power source. In this paper, we develop a batteryless, ultra-low-power Wireless Sensor Transmission Unit (WSTx) depending on the solar-energy harvester and LoRa technology. We investigate the feasibility of harvesting ambient indoor light using polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) cells with a maximum power of 1.4mW. The study provides comprehensive power management design details and a description of the anticipated challenges. The power consumption of the developed WSTx was 21.09µW during the sleep mode and 11.1mW during the operation mode. The harvesting system can harvest energy up to 1.2mW per second, where the harvested energy can power the WSTx for six hours with a maximum power efficiency of 85.714%.
Towards Equitable Public Sector Plant Breeding In The US
Authors: Brzozowski Lauren , Hanson Solveig , Jannink Jean-Luc , Meints Brigid , Moore Virginia , Tufan Hale , Villwock Seren
Published: January 2022

Plant breeding is central to agriculture, and shifts in plant breeding practices (e.g., hybrid development) and selection goals (e.g., response to synthetic fertilizer) have catalyzed monumental and persistent changes in agricultural production systems of all scales with social, political, economic, and environmental repercussions. While plant breeders are largely trained in the sciences of biology, genetics, and statistics, we posit an ethical imperative to examine the degree of equity with which the benefits of new research and plant varieties are distributed. In the United States, the history of plant breeding parallels the colonial history of agriculture, which compels reflection by current plant breeders about their role in shaping our agricultural system. In this perspective essay, we examine longstanding ideas about equitable food systems through the lens of public plant breeding in the United States. We propose a framework for equitable public plant breeding with respect to both its process and outcomes, and we intend for the ideas presented herein to catalyze reflection, discussions, and actions as the plant breeding community seeks greater equity in the food and seed systems our work supports.
Microphone Array for Speaker Localization and Identification in Shared Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Marques Ivo , Sousa João , Sá Bruno , Costa Diogo , Sousa Pedro , Pereira Samuel , Santos Afonso , Lima Carlos , Hammerschmidt Niklas , Pinto Sandro , Gomes Tiago
Published: January 2022

With the current technological transformation in the automotive industry, autonomous vehicles are getting closer to the Society of Automative Engineers (SAE) automation level 5. This level corresponds to the full vehicle automation, where the driving system autonomously monitors and navigates the environment. With SAE-level 5, the concept of a Shared Autonomous Vehicle (SAV) will soon become a reality and mainstream. The main purpose of an SAV is to allow unrelated passengers to share an autonomous vehicle without a driver/moderator inside the shared space. However, to ensure their safety and well-being until they reach their final destination, it is required an active monitoring of all passengers. In this context, this article presents a microphone-based sensor system that is able to localize sound events inside an SAV. The solution is composed of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) microphone array with a circular geometry connected to an embedded processing platform that resorts to Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology to successfully process in hardware the sound localization algorithms.
DETERMINATION OF RECYCLE WATER TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AT UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA AREA WITH ANALYTICAL HIRACHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Hasnaningrum Hafizha , Ridhosari Betanti , Suryawan I Wayan Koko , Sarwono Ariyanti
Published: January 2022

The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at the Universitas Pertamina area is one of the campus's efforts to reduce the environmental impact of wastewater production. The processed WWTP can be processed into ready-to-drink water as an effort to reduce plastic waste. This plastic waste is usually produced by the consumption of mineral water products. The availability of ready-to-drink water in the campus complex is expected to increase the interest of campus residents to use tumblers and reduce the generation of plastic waste as well as university proactive efforts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the units needed to process WWTP effluent into ready-to-drink water by looking at various alternatives. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in determining the best alternative. The units required for each alternative are equalization tub, slow sand filter, and disinfection. Meanwhile, for processing, there are three alternatives, namely microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and combined microfiltration – ultra-filtration (MF-UF). The selection of these alternatives was adjusted to the criteria of cost, required membrane area, flux recovery after backwashing, and the effectiveness of total coliform removal. MF filtration technology is the largest weight, which is 0.381. Where the use of MF in the Universitas Pertamina area is cheaper and requires better area than UF and MF-UF technology.
Kajian Kuat Tarik Belah dan Modulus of Rupture pada Beton Mutu Tinggi Memadat Mandiri dengan Bahan Tambah Metakaolin dan Variasi Perbandingan Aktivator Alkali
Authors: Saputri Dika
Published: January 2022

Pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia kini berkembang dengan cepat, sehingga inovasi dalam pembuatan beton juga semakin beragam agar mutu, kekuatan, dan durabilitas beton juga semakin meningkat. Metakaolin dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu inovasi untuk mengganti penggunaan sebagian semen pada beton HSSCC karena merupakan pozzolan yang efektif dan reaktif. Agar lebih reaktif, pozzolan dapat direaksikan dengan aktivator yang berasal dari material alkali atau yang biasa disebut aktivator alkali. Tujuan utama dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah bagaimana variasi aktivator alkali pada beton HSSCC dengan bahan tambah metakaolin 17,5% dapat memengaruhi parameter SCC, kuat tarik belah, dan modulus of rupture pada beton tersebut. Aktivator alkali menggunakan NaOH dan Na2SiO3 dengan perbandingan Na2SiO3/NaOH adalah 0; 1/2; 2/2; 3/2. Benda uji pada penelitian ini balok beton tanpa tulangan dengan ukuran 400 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm, serta silinder beton dengan ukuran tinggi 300 mm dan diameter 150 mm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aktivator alkali menurunkan workabilitas pada beton segar, namun dapat memenuhi syarat beton SCC pada perbandingan tertentu menurut EFNARC 2005. Hasil pengujian parameter kuat tarik belah dan modulus of rupture beton umur 28 hari tertinggi dicapai oleh beton dengan variasi aktivator alkali 2/2, yaitu sebesar 3,09 MPa dan 3,57 MPa.
KAJIAN UJI KUAT LEKAT PADA BETON HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (HVFA – SCC) DENGAN KADAR FLY ASH 50%, 60%, DAN 70% DARI BERAT BINDER
Authors: Insani Muhammad Arbie Khairul
Published: January 2022

Perkembangan zaman mampu menciptakan kemajuan di bidang konstruksi secara signifikan yang kemudian memunculkan inovasi baru yang dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal dan efisien, salah satunya yaitu pembuatan High Volume Fly Ash Self – Compacting Concrete (HVFA – SCC). High Volume Fly Ash Self – Compacting Concrete (HVFA – SCC) adalah gabungan antara High Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFAC) dan Self – Compacting Concrete (SCC) dimana dapat diperoleh hasil beton mutu tinggi dengan material penyusunnya yaitu semen digantikan 50% atau lebih menggunakan fly ash serta dapat mengalir dan memadat mandiri. Penelitian ini meninjau kuat lekat dari HVFA – SCC dengan ragam kadar fly ash 50%, 60%, serta 70% dari berat binder selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan beton normal. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berbentuk silinder berukuran diameter 30 cm dan tinggi 15 cm dengan jumlah masing – masing sampel sebanyak 3 buah berumur 28 hari. Penelitian ini diperoleh hasil yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemakaian fly ash dapat menaikkan kuat lekat dibanding dengan beton normal. Hasil kuat lekat HVFA – SCC kadar fly ash 50% sebesar 0,85 Mpa, HVFA – SCC kadar fly ash 60% sebesar 1,12 MPa, dan HVFA-SCC dengan fly ash 70% sebesar 1,44 MPa, hasil ini menunjukkan nilai lebih besar daripada beton normal dengan nilai sebesar 0,23 MPa.
ANALISIS TARIF BERDASARKAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL KENDARAAN (BOK), ABILITY TO PAY (ATP), DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) BUS BATIK SOLO TRANS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDI KASUS KORIDOR 1 DAN 2)
Authors: Rahmawati Fadila
Published: January 2022

Angkutan umum adalah alat transportasi massal yang digunakan sebagai sarana perpindahan yang dapat mengangkut banyak penumpang secara langsung ke suatu tujuan. Kota Surakarta memiliki angkutan umum salah satunya yaitu bus Batik Solo Trans (BST). Selama satu tahun lebih berada di masa pandemi COVID-19, berbagai sektor pertumbuhan ekonomi negara mengalami penurunan drastis. Perekonomian yang tidak stabil membuat biaya transportasi meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui desain tarif BST koridor 1 dan 2 berdasarkan perhitungan BOK, ATP, dan WTP. Data didapatkan dari kuisioner yang disebarkan kepada penumpang BST. Berdasarkan analisis data dan pembahasan dalam penelian ini didapatkan nilai ATP pekerja lebih besar dari nilai WTP pekerja. ATP pekerja yaitu sebesar Rp6.520,96 untuk koridor 1 dan Rp7.139,11 untuk koridor 2. Sedangkan untuk nilai WTP pekerja yaitu sebesar Rp3.735,52 untuk koridor 1 dan Rp3.629,31 untuk koridor 2. Untuk nilai ATP mahasiswa pada koridor 1 sebesar Rp2.752,68 dan koridor 2 sebesar Rp2.068,24. Kondisi ini berbanding terbalik dengan nilai WTP mahasiswa yang lebih besar yaitu Rp3.258,62 untuk koridor 1 dan Rp3.285,71 untuk koridor 2. Untuk tarif berdasarkan perhitungan BOK adalah Rp8.965,98 per penumpang/rit untuk koridor 1 dan Rp5.823,06 per penumpang/rit untuk koridor 2. Secara umum pada kategori mahasiswa diperlukan desain tarif BST baru yang sesuai dengan kemampuan membayar. Apabila nilai tarif yang ditentukan lebih besar dari ATP, maka jumlah selisih dapat dijadikan sebagai besaran subsidi yang harus ditanggung oleh pemerintah. Sedangkan untuk kategori pekerja, nilai ATP berada di atas nilai WTP. Desain tarif yang ideal terletak di antara nilai ATP dan WTP untuk penyesuaian pelayanan tarif. 
POTENSI KEMBANG SUSUT TANAH EKSPANSIF DI WILAYAH SOLO RAYA (Studi Kasus di Trucuk, Pedan, dan Nogosari)
Authors: Fitri Siti Nurlita
Published: January 2022

Expansive soil has commonly found in several areas around infrastructure projects such as; highways, irrigation systems, buildings, and bridges. The behavior of expansive soils affects the strengths and durability of the upper structure. The main characteristic of expansive soil is the swell-shrinkage influenced by water content. Moreover, the negative trait harms the structure. For example,  the cracks of the highway pavement and building wall and differential settlements in bridges abutment are the damage phenomena caused by expansive soil. The soil spread in several area near Surakarta residency namely Nogosari, Boyolali , Cawas Pedan, Klaten Regency, Bendosari Gentan, Sukoharjo and Purwodadi. Therefore, these areas have high vulnerability damage of Expansive soil. The study for determining and collecting data on the potential for shrinkage, which is a characteristic of expansive soil, is necessary conduct. This research aims to identify the swell-shrinkage potential in laboratory tests. The test had carried out with property index(water content and Atterberg limit) following code standards (SNI and ASTM). The liquid limit values for the Trucuk, Padan, and Nogosari areas are 84.75%, respectively; 73.56% and 49.05%. The plasticity index values for the Trucuk, Padan, and Nogosari regions are as follows: 66.97%; 45.72%; and 28.74%. Activity (AC) values for the 3 Pedan, Trucuk, and Nogosari locations are as follows: 1.61; 1.67; and 1.28. The value results are based on laboratory tests output, were 3 locations in the Klaten area, namely Trucuk, Pedan, and Nogosari. In summary, the zones have high susceptibility area damage by expansive soil. The result of this study is expected to be preliminary mapping guidance surround the Surakarta Residency
Assessing Neuronal Synchrony and Brain Function Through Local Field Potential and Spike Analysis
Authors:   ,   University of Tennessee Health Science Center, McAfee Samuel
Published: January 2022

Studies of neuronal network oscillations and rhythmic neuronal synchronization have led to a number of important insights in recent years, giving us a better understanding of the temporal organization of neuronal activity related to essential brain functions like sensory processing and cognition. Important principles and theories have emerged from these findings, including the communication through coherence hypothesis, which proposes that synchronous oscillations render neuronal communication effective, selective, and precise. The implications of such a theory may be universal for brain function, as the determinants of neuronal communication inextricably shape the neuronal representation of information in the brain. However, the study of communication through coherence is still relatively young. Since its articulation in 2005, the theory has predominantly been applied to assess cortical function and its communication with downstream targets in different sensory and behavioral conditions. The results herein are intended to bolster this hypothesis and explore new ways in which oscillations coordinate neuronal communication in distributed regions. This includes the development of new analytic tools for interpreting electrophysiological patterns, inspired by phase synchronization and spike train analysis. These tools aim to offer fast results with clear statistical and physiological interpretation.
Sensorimotor Modulations by Cognitive Processes During Accurate Speech Discrimination: An EEG Investigation of Dorsal Stream Processing
Authors:   ,   University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Jenson David
Published: January 2022

Internal models mediate the transmission of information between anterior and posterior regions of the dorsal stream in support of speech perception, though it remains unclear how this mechanism responds to cognitive processes in service of task demands. The purpose of the current study was to identify the influences of attention and working memory on sensorimotor activity across the dorsal stream during speech discrimination, with set size and signal clarity employed to modulate stimulus predictability and the time course of increased task demands, respectively. Independent Component Analysis of 64–channel EEG data identified bilateral sensorimotor mu and auditory alpha components from a cohort of 42 participants, indexing activity from anterior (mu) and posterior (auditory) aspects of the dorsal stream. Time frequency (ERSP) analysis evaluated task-related changes in focal activation patterns with phase coherence measures employed to track patterns of information flow across the dorsal stream. ERSP decomposition of mu clusters revealed event-related desynchronization (ERD) in beta and alpha bands, which were interpreted as evidence of forward (beta) and inverse (alpha) internal modeling across the time course of perception events. Stronger pre-stimulus mu alpha ERD in small set discrimination tasks was interpreted as more efficient attentional allocation due to the reduced sensory search space enabled by predictable stimuli. Mu-alpha and mu-beta ERD in peri- and post-stimulus periods were interpreted within the framework of Analysis by Synthesis as evidence of working memory activity for stimulus processing and maintenance, with weaker activity in degraded conditions suggesting that covert rehearsal mechanisms are sensitive to the quality of the stimulus being retained in working memory. Similar ERSP patterns across conditions despite the differences in stimulus predictability and clarity, suggest that subjects may have adapted to tasks. In light of this, future studies of sensorimotor processing should consider the ecological validity of the tasks employed, as well as the larger cognitive environment in which tasks are performed. The absence of interpretable patterns of mu-auditory coherence modulation across the time course of speech discrimination highlights the need for more sensitive analyses to probe dorsal stream connectivity.
Perubahan Pemahaman Mahasiswa Terhadap Makna Keimanan/ Kekafiran Ahli Kitab dengan Metode Tematik Digital Quran
Authors: Bin H.M. Yahya M. Wildan , Rahmat Munawar
Published: January 2022

Mahasiswa Muslim memandang Ahli Kitab (pengikut agama non-Islam) sebagai kafir. Akibatnya, mereka menolak non-Muslim untuk menduduki jabatan publik karena mereka kafir. Padahal Al-Qur'an menegaskan bahwa di antara Ahli Kitab ada yang beriman, amanah, dan pelaku kebajikan. Solusi terbaik dengan mengembangkan model pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) berbasis Al-Quran. Penelitian bertujuan menghasilkan model pembelajaran tematik digital Quran untuk memahami istilah Ahli Kitab dalam Al-Quran. Metode penelitian kuasi R&D. Uji-coba model di UNISBA dan UPI. Tema-tema yang dibahas: makna beriman, kafir, dan Ahli Kitab dalam Al-Quran. Hasil penelitian, pola pikir keagamaan mahasiswa berubah. Sebelum kuliah, mereka mengaitkan keimanan dan kekafiran dengan identitas agama. Adapun setelah kuliah, mereka mengasosiasikannya dengan karakter baik dan buruk. Menurut mereka, di antara Ahli Kitab ada yang beriman, tetapi lebih banyak yang kafir. Implikasinya, model pembelajaran tematik digital Qur'an cukup efektif mengubah pola pikir keagamaan mahasiswa.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations in Young Infants After the Introduction of Paid Family Leave in New York State, 2015‒2019
Authors: Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Janevic Teresa , Ahrens Katherine A.
Published: January 2022

Objectives. To determine if the introduction of New York State’s 8-week paid family leave policy on January 1, 2018, reduced rates of hospitalizations with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis or any acute lower respiratory tract infection among young infants.

Methods. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using New York State population-based, all-payer hospital discharge records, October 2015 to December 2019. We estimated the change in monthly hospitalization rates for RSV bronchiolitis and for any acute lower respiratory tract infection among infants aged 8 weeks or younger after the introduction of paid family leave while controlling for temporal trends and RSV seasonality. We modeled RSV hospitalization rates in infants aged 1 year as a control.

Results. Hospitalization rates for RSV bronchiolitis and any acute lower respiratory tract infection decreased by 30% after the introduction of paid family leave (rate ratio [RR] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54, 0.94; and RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.59, 0.88, respectively). There were no such reductions in infants aged 1 year (RR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.72, 1.33; and RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.32, respectively).

Conclusions. State paid family leave was associated with fewer RSV-associated hospitalizations in young infants. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(2):316–324. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306559 )
Self-Reported Treatment Need and Barriers to Care for Adults With Opioid Use Disorder: The US National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015 to 2019
Authors: Saini Jannat , Johnson Breah , Qato Danya M.
Published: January 2022

Objectives. To explore barriers to care and characteristics associated with respondent-reported perceived need for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)‒defined OUD treatment gap.

Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine 2015–2019 NSDUH data. We included respondents aged 18 years or older with past-year OUD.

Results. Of 1 987 961 adults, 10.5% reported a perceived OUD treatment need, and 71% had a NSDUH-defined treatment gap. There were significant differences in age distribution, health insurance coverage, and past-year mental illness between those with and without a perceived OUD treatment need. Older adults (aged ≥ 50 years) and non-White adults were more likely to have a treatment gap compared with younger adults (aged 18–49 years) and White adults, respectively.

Conclusions. Fewer than 30% of adults with OUD receive treatment, and only 1 in 10 report a need for treatment, reflecting persistent structural barriers to care and differences in perceived care needs between patients with OUD and the NSDUH-defined treatment gap measure.

Public Health Implications. Public health efforts aimed at broadening access to all forms of OUD treatment and harm reduction should be proactively undertaken. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(2):284–295. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306577 )
Solidarity in Pandemics, Mandatory Vaccination, and Public Health Ethics
Authors: Yeh Ming-Jui
Published: January 2022

Mandatory vaccination has been a highly disputed policy for tackling infectious diseases. Here I argue that a universal mandatory vaccination policy for the general public against the COVID-19 pandemic is ethically preferable when grounded in the concept of solidarity, which is defined by Barbara Prainsack and Alena Buyx as an enacted commitment to a relevant respect recognized by a group of individuals with equal moral status. This approach is complementary to utilitarian accounts and could better address other reasonable oppositions to mandatory vaccination.

From a solidaristic account, the recognized relevant respect is to end the COVID-19 pandemic as soon as possible. This group of individuals would be willing to carry costs to assist each other in this respect, and a mandatory vaccination policy could be their institutionalized mutual assistance. The costs to be carried include both the financial costs of vaccination and the health costs stemming from potential adverse events and scientific uncertainties.

The proposed social health insurance similarity test suggests the degree of coercion the mandatory vaccination policy could undertake within each state’s specific legal and judicial context. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(2):255–261. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306578 )
Opioid Overdose Deaths Among Formerly Incarcerated Persons and the General Population: North Carolina, 2000‒2018
Authors: Ranapurwala Shabbar I. , Figgatt Mary C. , Remch Molly , Brown Carrie , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren , Rosen David L. , Cox Mary E. , Proescholdbell Scott K.
Published: January 2022

Objectives. To compare opioid overdose death (OOD) rates among formerly incarcerated persons (FIPs) from 2016 to 2018 with the North Carolina population and with OOD rates from 2000 to 2015.

Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 259 861 North Carolina FIPs from 2000 to 2018 linked with North Carolina death records. We used indirectly standardized OOD mortality rates and ratios and present 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results. From 2017 to 2018, the OOD rates in the North Carolina general population decreased by 10.1% but increased by 32% among FIPs. During 2016 to 2018, the highest substance-specific OOD rate among FIPs was attributable to synthetic narcotics (mainly fentanyl and its analogs), while OOD rates for other opioids were half or less than that from synthetic narcotics. During 2016 to 2018, the OOD risk for FIPs from synthetic narcotics was 50.3 (95% CI = 30.9, 69.6), 20.2 (95% CI = 17.3, 23.2), and 18.2 (95% CI = 15.9, 20.5) times as high as that for the North Carolina population at 2-week, 1-year, and complete follow-up after release, respectively.

Conclusions. While nationwide OOD rates declined from 2017 to 2018, OOD rates among North Carolina FIPs increased by about a third, largely from fentanyl and its analogs. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(2):300–303. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306621 )
Direct On-Lay Repair of Isolated Pediatric Lateral Collateral Ligament Knee Injury with Biceps Femoris Tendon Rotation Graft Augmentation
Authors: Perry Samuel , Matelic Thomas , Beyer Sean
Published: January 2022

Case:

A 13-year-old male American football player sustained an isolated grade III lateral collateral ligament (LCL) rupture and underwent direct repair with biceps femoris rotation graft augmentation after failure of nonoperative management. The procedure was performed without any complications or graft site morbidity and achieved complete functional resolution.

Conclusion:

Isolated LCL injuries in the pediatric population are an extremely rare finding, with no evidence of rotation graft in the literature to date. Most of these cases involve multiligamentous knee injuries in the adult population, and therefore, there is no consensus regarding pediatric repair vs. reconstruction in this presentation.
Differences in Baby Attachment Behavior to Parents Between Exclusively Breastfed and Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding (Study on Infants Age 6 Months – 3 Years in Candi District, Sidoarjo Regency)
Authors: A’yun Qurrotul , Inayah Inayah
Published: January 2022

Breast milk (ASI) is the most perfect food for babies. Breastfeeding means providing nutrients with high nutritional value needed for growth and development of the nerves and brain, as well as creating an emotional bond between mother and baby. Learning theory says that the attachment between mother and child begins when the mother breastfeeds the baby as a process of reducing hunger which is the basic drive. The milk given by the mother becomes the primary reinforcer and the mother becomes the secondary reinforcer. (Gewirtz in Hetherington and Parke, 1999 in Ervika 2000, http://usu.co.id Library). The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the attachment behavior of infants to their parents between those who were exclusively breastfed and those who were not exclusively breastfed. From the results of the t-test the probability is <0.05, which is 0.000, which means that the hypothesis is accepted. Based on the t-test table, t-table at the 95% confidence level, the t-table value is 1.645. Because tcount > ttable, which is 13.832, the hypothesis is accepted. Thus, based on the above test, there are differences in the attachment behavior of babies to their parents between those who are exclusively breastfed and those who are not exclusively breastfed.
A New Non-stationary Hydrological Drought Index Encompassing Climate Indices and Modified Reservoir Index as Covariates
Authors: Wang Youxin , Peng Tao , Lin Qingxia , Singh Vijay P , Dong Xiaohua , Chen Chen , Liu Ji , Chang Wenjuan , Wang Gaoxu
Published: January 2022

Due to accelerating climate variability and intensified anthropogenic activities, the hypothesis of stationarity of data series is no longer applicable, questioning the reliability of the traditional drought index. Thus, it is critical to develop a non-stationary hydrological drought index that takes into account the joint impacts of climate and anthropogenic changes in a drought assessment framework. In this study, using the Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), a new non-stationary Standardized Runoff Index (NSRI) was developed combining climate indices (CI) and modified reservoir index (MRI) as explanatory variables. This novel index was applied to the hydrological drought assessment of Hanjiang River basin (HRB) in China, and its reliability was assessed by comparing with the traditional Standardized Runoff Index (SRI). Results indicated that the optimal non-stationary model with CI and MRI as covariates performed better than did other models. Furthermore, NSRI was more robust in identifying extreme drought events and was more effective in the study region than the conventional SRI. In addition, based on the method of Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST), it was found that there were two change points in 1981 and 2003 for NSRI series at four hydrological stations in the HRB, which indicated that hydrological drought in the basin had a prominent non-stationary behavior. Our findings may provide significant information for regional drought assessment and water resources management from a changing environment perspective.
The Effect of Aging on the Degree of Association Between the Thyroid Hormones and the Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke: A Restrospective Study
Authors: Lu Yamin , Chen Fang , Mo Feng , Liu Guangxia , Hou Zhan , Zhao Lianchun , Liu Lin
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAcute Ischemic Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Many clinical studies have focused on the correlation between thyroid axis hormones and disease outcomes, but results remain controversial. One possible reason for the conflicting results is that the association among prognostic factors varies in different age groups. our study is focused on the effect of aging on the association and the degree of correlation between thyroid-related hormones and ischemic stroke outcomes. MethodsThe retrospective study was performed on 1025 stroke patient records. Included patients were in three age groups: Above 85 Group, 65-80 Group, and Below 65 Group. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to evaluate the association and the degree of correlation between thyroid hormones and the NIHSS score. ResultsA total of 604 patients meeting study criteria were included in the study. Excluding reasons were previous stroke, thyroid-related diseases, cancer, chronic liver diseases, and other reasons. T3 was found to be significantly associated with NIHSS score except in the Below 65 Group. fT3 was inversely related to the NIHSS in all age groups. TSH had similar association except in the Above 80 Year Group. T4 and fT4 didn’t have significant association with disease severity, except in the 65-80 Year group for fT4. ConclusionsAging had a significant effect on the association and the magnitude of correlation between thyroid hormones and stroke outcomes. The more delicate age-dependent grouping methods could provide more accurate and clinically meaningful insights into the prognostic values of biomarkers.
High critical current density and high-tolerance superconductivity in high-entropy alloy thin films
Authors: Jung Soon-Gil , Han Yoonseok , Kim Jin Hee , Hidayati Rahmatul , Rhyee Jong-Soo , Lee Jung Min , Kang Won Nam , Choi Woo Seok , Jeon Hye-ran , Suk Jaekwon , Park Tuson
Published: January 2022

High-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductors—a new class of functional materials—can be utilized stably under extreme conditions, such as in space environments, owing to their high mechanical hardness and excellent irradiation tolerance1–7. However, the feasibility of practical applications of HEA superconductors has not yet been demonstrated because the critical current density (Jc) for HEA superconductors has not yet been adequately characterized. Here, we report the fabrication of high-quality SC thin films of Ta–Nb–Hf–Zr–Ti HEAs via a pulsed laser deposition. The thin films exhibit a large Jc of > 1 MA cm−2 at 4.2 K and are therefore favorable for SC devices as well as large-scale applications. In addition, they show extremely robust superconductivity to irradiation-induced disorder controlled by the dose of Kr-ion irradiation. The superconductivity of the HEA films is more than 1000 times more resistant to displacement damage than that of other promising superconductors with technological applications, such as MgB2, Nb3Sn, Fe-based superconductors, and high-Tc cuprate superconductors. These results demonstrate that HEA superconductors have considerable potential for use under extreme conditions, such as in aerospace applications, nuclear fusion reactors, and high-field SC magnets.
SCFOsFBK1 mediates JA induced turn-over of OsATL53 and OsCCR14 to regulate rice anther lignification
Authors: Borah Pratikshya , Sharma Aishwarye , Khurana Jitendra
Published: January 2022

We have shown earlier the F-box protein, OsFBK1, mediating turn-over of a cinnamoyl CoA-reductase, OsCCR14, to regulate rice anther lignification. Currently, we have identified OsATL53, a member of ATL family of RING-H2 proteins interacting with OsCCR14 in cytoplasm. OsFBK1 mediates turn-over of OsATL53 in cytoplasm and nucleus, while of OsCCR14 in the nucleus. In presence of jasmonic acid (JA), which plays a role in anther dehiscence, FLIM analyses demonstrate OsATL53-OsCCR14 undergoing conformational changes that trigger the complex to accumulate around the nuclear periphery and signals OsFBK1 to initiate degradation of the proteins in respective cellular compartments. Biochemically, OsATL53 decreases enzymatic activity of OsCCR14 and sequesters it in the cytoplasm. Knock-down transgenics of OsATL53 display increased lignin deposition in the anthers vis-a-vis wild-type, while those of OsCCR14 have decreased lignin content. These data show OsATL53 affects activity of OsCCR14, and their JA induced degradation by SCFOsFBK1 regulates lignification of rice anthers.
Sex allocation in dynamic mating environments
Authors: Bochynek Thomas , Burd Martin
Published: January 2022

Mating can be a risky stage of the life cycle in many kinds of sexual organisms, particularly those that release propagules—gametes, spores, or alates, depending on the organism—into a mating arena at low density where they may die before finding a mating partner. The abundance of the two sexes and thus the dynamics of a mating arena are affected directly by the sex allocation strategy of the parental organisms that produce propagules. A long-established theory of sex allocation is based on models with static representations of resource investment and mating. In contrast, we present a simple dynamic model based on rate-dependent production, mortality, and mating of male and female propagules. We show that anisogamy or similar sexual size dimorphism shifts optimal investment toward female propagules, while post-investment mortality of either sex favours greater male investment, in direct contrast to predictions from traditional static models. Our model predictions are broadly consonant with some macroevolutionary patterns, such as the typical female-biased reproductive investment by angiosperms, and raise new questions for empirical investigation in many taxa.
Gamification for behavior change: a scientometric review
Authors: Bassanelli Simone , Vasta Nicola , Bucchiarone Antonio , Marconi Annapaola
Published: January 2022

Gamification, which refers to the use of game design elements in non-game contexts, provides similar experiences and motivations as games do; this makes gamification a useful approach to promote positive behaviors. In recent years, the volume of scientific publications focusing on gamification has increased. It has been applied to different fields (e.g. learning and training, mental health, positive behavior and behavior change, personnel selection, employees training, etc.); in this way, the scientific community has spread out over different domains and with different aims. Gamification has turned out to be an excellent method also to provide a sense of community, encouraging social interaction in both present and online contexts, increasing competencies in work and educational settings. This has made gamification also a useful tool during the COVID-19 pandemic, in which it has been used to promote an active and interactive experience in the educational environment. As a useful tool for keeping users motivated, engaged and active, there is a wide interest in adopting gamification solutions for supporting and promoting positive behaviors and behavior change (e.g. quit smoking, ecological behaviors, food choices, civic engagement, mental healthcare, sustainability, etc.). However, the development of this research area has proceeded without a unique theoretical approach or a clear concept of the field; even though several studies analyzing the literature have been made, a literature mapping of gamification applied for behavior change is still missing. In this study, we use the CiteSpace software to examine 447 publications and their 20608 unique references on gamification applied for behavior change. The corpus of studies was downloaded from the Scopus database and refers to studies published between 2012 and 2021. Several methods were used to analyze these data: (1) document co-citation analysis (DCA) was performed to identify the pivotal researches and the research areas; (2) author co-citation analysis (ACA) was performed to identify the main authors; (3) country collaboration and institutions network analysis were performed to identify the countries and institutions that contribute the most; and finally, (4) keyword analysis was performed to detect the most influential keywords and their change over time. Overall, we discuss the findings and the need for a more cooperative and united community, in order to make the use of gamification applied to behavior change more effective, faster and goal-oriented. Hence, we introduce some future challenges to promote an improvement in the quality of publications in this research domain, as well as in other gamification fields.
Asthmaphänotypisierung und Re-Hospitalisierungsraten bei stationär behandelten Vorschulkindern mit akutem, schweren Asthma (1-5 Jahre)
Authors:   , Kluge Sven
Published: January 2022

HINTERGRUND: Asthma ist die häufigste chronische Krankheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, wobei bei einem Großteil bereits erste Exazerbationen im Vorschulalter auftreten. Diese sind meist mit stationären Aufenthalten verbunden, jedoch gibt es nur wenige detaillierte zeitliche und demografische Untersuchungen dieser besonders schweren Asthmakohorte. Ebenso gibt es kaum Untersuchungen über die Verteilung der Asthmaphänotypen in dieser Altersgruppe. METHODEN: Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Analyse von 572 Krankenhausaufenthalten im Universitätsklinikum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Frankfurt mit der ICD Diagnose Asthma (J.45) zwischen dem 1. Januar 2008 und dem 31. Dezember 2017 bei Kindern im Alter 1-5 Jahren. Die Aufteilung erfolgte in drei Phänotypen. Allergisches Asthma (RAST und/oder Prick-Test positiv), eosinophiles Asthma (Eosinophilie >300/µl und RAST/Prick-Test negativ) und nicht-allergisches Asthma (Eosinophilie ≤300/µl und RAST/Prick-Test negativ). Akut schweres Asthma wurde definiert als akute Dyspnoe, Tachypnoe, Sauerstoffbedarf und/oder systemische Steroidtherapie. Analysiert wurden u.a. Alter, Geschlecht, Liegezeit, Therapie und Re-Hospitalisierungsrate. ERGEBNISSE: Von 572 Krankenhausaufenthalten mit der Diagnose Asthma erfüllten 205 Patienten die Definition eines akut schweren Asthmas. Von diesen 205 Kindern wurden bereits n=55 (26,8%) vor der stationären Aufnahme mit einem inhalativen Steroid (ICS) behandelt. Die phänotypische Charakterisierung ergab folgende Verteilung: 49% wiesen Allergisches Asthma, 15% Asthma mit atopischer Dermatitis, 10% eosinophiles nicht-allergisches Asthma und 26% nicht-allergisches Asthma. Von diesen Patienten wurden 71.7% mit ICS und 15,1% mit Montelukast als Monotherapie entlassen. Die Rate der Notfallvorstellung (Notfallambulanz und Re-Hospitalisierung) innerhalb von 12 Monaten nach Entlassung war mit n=42 (20,5%) hoch. Die Zahl der Eosinophilen (> 300 µl) hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Re-Hospitalisierung. Es zeigte sich eine hohe Verschreibung von Antibiotika bei Asthma-Patienten (143 (69,8%) der 205 Patienten) während des stationären Aufenthalts, wobei nur 42 Patienten (20,5%) einen CRP-Wert über 2 mg/dl aufwiesen. Schlussfolgerung: Obwohl die Asthmaprävalenz bei Schulkindern höher ist, leiden Vorschulkinder im Alter von 1-5 Jahren häufiger an schweren Asthma-Exazerbationen mit Hospitalisierung. Trotz protektiver Therapie mit ICS oder Montelukast ist die Re-Hospitalisierungsrate hoch. Die bisherigen Therapiekonzepte reichen in dieser Altersgruppe anscheinend nicht aus, um Patienten mit schwerem Asthma im Vorschulalter ausreichend zu kontrollieren. Neue Therapiekonzepte wie die Triple-Therapie mit Zugabe des Long-Acting Muscarin Rezeptors (Tiotropium) sollten dringend evaluiert werden.
Potential link between antigorite dehydration and shallow intermediate-depth earthquakes in hot subduction zones
Authors: Shao Tongbin , Song Maoshuang , Ma Xi , Ding Xing , Liu Shirong , Zhou Yongsheng , Wu Jie , Wang Xiaoning , Li Jianfeng
Published: January 2022

The distribution of earthquakes at intermediate depths corresponding to pressures <2 GPa in several hot subduction zones (such as Cascadia and southwestern Japan) coincides with the breakdown of antigorite to forsterite and talc; thus, this reaction may have triggered these earthquakes. However, previous studies have overlooked the potential significance of this reaction. Here, we performed a series of time-dependent dehydration experiments on antigorite at a pressure of 200 MPa and a temperature range of 500–650 °C. The results show that dehydration is controlled by a heterogeneous nucleation and growth mechanism and has an activation energy of 354 ± 24 kJ/mol. The formation of fine-grained forsterite and large talc crystals is consistent with kinetic results indicating Avrami exponents n = ~1.4–1.1 and ~2.7, respectively. Fluid production rates at 600 and 650 °C are 2.54 × 10−6 and 4.69 × 10−5mfluid3mrock−3s–1, respectively, which are much faster than those of mantle deformation, causing high fluid pressure in hot subducting mantle but not necessarily embrittlement. We emphasize the role of kinetic mechanisms in controlling the grain sizes of reaction products, which likely determine the mechanical behavior of serpentinized fault zones. Superplasticity or velocity weakening of fine-grained forsterite and velocity weakening of antigorite by water and/or talc may be responsible for earthquake nucleation and propagation in a heterogeneous system, which can be either dehydration products within a serpentinized fault zone or the mixture of antigorite fault and surrounding peridotite in hot subduction zones (<2 GPa).
Liberating confinement from Lagrangians: 1-form symmetries and lines in 4d N=1 from 6d N=(2,0)
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Hübner Max , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura
Published: January 2022

We study confinement in 4d \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
theories obtained by deforming 4d \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2
theories of Class S. We argue that confinement in a vacuum of the
\mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
theory is encoded in the 1-cycles of the associated
\mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
curve. This curve is the spectral cover associated to a generalized
Hitchin system describing the profiles of two Higgs fields over the
Riemann surface upon which the 6d (2,0)(2,0)
theory is compactified. Using our method, we reproduce the expected
properties of confinement in various classic examples, such as 4d
\mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
pure Super-Yang-Mills theory and the Cachazo-Seiberg-Witten setup. More
generally, this work can be viewed as providing tools for probing
confinement in non-Lagrangian \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
theories, which we illustrate by constructing an infinite class of
non-Lagrangian \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
theories that contain confining vacua. The simplest model in this class
is an \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
deformation of the \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2
theory obtained by gauging SU(3)^3SU(3)3
flavor symmetry of the E_6E6
Minahan-Nemeschansky theory.
Ciało – między antropologią, teologią a kulturą popularną
Authors: Żukowska-Gardzińska Dominika
Published: January 2022

Teologia ciała jest ściśle związana z definicją człowieka Jana Pawła II. Jej sednem jest afirmacja męskości i kobiecości, która wyraża się poprzez ciało. W sferze tej znajduje się nie tylko biologiczna struktura płciowa, ale cała sfera zachowań wynikających z płci. Sytuacją, która pozostaje w kontrze do nauczania Karola Wojtyły, jest proponowane (inicjowane konsumpcjonizmem) podejście do ciała jak do przedmiotu, maszyny, od której wymaga się najwyższej sprawności i parametryzacji wszystkiego, maksymalizacji jego możliwości, ale także jako do naczynia, które skrywa duchowe piękno, pozostające w przymusowej i niechcianej zależności od ciała.

Dynamiczny rozwój badań wokół cielesności nie doprowadził do jednej powszechnie przyjmowanej antropologii, a spór wokół definicji osoby i znaczenia jej fizycznej struktury, wciąż nie wycisza się. Coraz częściej mówi się o tym, że globalizacja i kultura masowa korzystają z tematu ciało, aby przyciągać konsumpcjonizmem uwagę uczestników życia społecznego, potęgując przy tym „użytkowość” i „użyteczność” ciała. W tym kontekście ważne jest dostrzeżenie propozycji Karola Wojtyły, który korzystając z doświadczeń Tradycji katolickiej, logicznie łączy osiągnięcia nauk teologicznych, antropologicznych, aby następnie przyjrzeć się im przez pryzmat zagadnień etycznych. Dowartościowuje więc ciało (materialne, przygodne, niestałe, śmiertelne, ale niezbędnego, aby wyrazić siebie) i zadaje pytanie jak poprzez nie można wyrazić miłość.