bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L-SHADE-MA: Enhancing L-SHADE with Momentum and Adaptive Decay Coefficient
Authors: Zhang Kai , Hu Songhua , Zhu Lianghong , Han Yu , Huang Qiujun
Published: March 2024

L-SHADE represents a modified form of the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, blending Linear Population Size Reduction (LPSR) with SHADE, the Success-History-Based Adaptation of DE. While acknowledged for its effectiveness, L-SHADE occasionally tends toward local optima and may converge too soon, especially during complex optimization challenges. Addressing these challenges, we introduce L-SHADE-MA, an advanced L-SHADE iteration employing a momentum-based mutation strategy. This approach minimizes oscillatory tendencies during searches, promoting quicker convergence and enhanced solution accuracy. Additionally, an adaptive decay coefficient, rooted in success-history, is integrated. It dynamically adjusts the balance of historical data and momentum in mutations, optimizing exploration and exploitation for each generation. This accelerates convergence and fosters population diversity. For a holistic assessment, L-SHADE-M is also presented, which adopts the momentum approach but omits the adaptive coefficient. To ascertain L-SHADE-MA’s effectiveness, it was tested on CEC2014 benchmark functions in two distinct dimensions. Performance comparisons spanned L-SHADE-M and seven other algorithms across 30 numerical functions in 50 and 100 dimensions. Empirical results unequivocally validate L-SHADE-MA’s enhancements over L-SHADE, confirming its dominance in most tested scenarios.
Amplified Microglial Dysfunction and Brain Lesions in Mouse Models for Comorbidity of Chronic Stress and Intracerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Shunying , Weng Jie , Zhu Yueyan , Li Jiaying , Sun Daijing , Gao Yanqin , Yu Bo , Jiang Yan
Published: March 2024

Both clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrates a robust association between mood disorders and cerebrovascular diseases, with the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU) recognized as a crucial factor. Despite existing research illustrating that chronic stress can induce mood-related behavioral deficits by disrupting the NVU, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we uncovered notable transcriptomic alterations within the NVU following chronic stress, with up-regulated genes highly enriched in microglia. Additionally, an increased interaction between microglia and cerebral microvessels was observed in the stressed brain. However, no notable evidence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise was found in response to chronic stress alone. To mimic the comorbidity of depression and intracranial hypoperfusion, we combined chronic stress with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Strikingly, the comorbidity model exhibited severe brain lesions across multiple regions, surpassing the effects observed in the control, stress-only, or BCAS-only groups. These lesions included pronounced microglial activation, disrupted neuronal formation, demyelination, BBB compromise, and neovascularization. Importantly, microglia emerged as central players in all observed cellular events. Our findings strongly suggest that chronic stress may compromise microglial functions, thereby increasing vulnerability to adverse cerebrovascular events. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship between chronic stress and cerebrovascular diseases, underscoring the significance of considering mood management for patients with this complex comorbidity.
Causal relationship between selectins and endometriosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Juan , Zhou Jie , Su LinJie , Hu Hongbo
Published: March 2024

Objective: Previous observational research has indicated an association between plasma selectin family members and endometriosis, and our objective was to investigate the causal association between selectins and endometriosis.
Methods: Using pooled statistics from genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry and utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR), we analyzed the causal effect of the selectins E/P/L on endometriosis and the causal association of selectins with endometriosis at different sites.
Results: This study revealed a causal relationship between E-selectin and endometriosis (ratio of 0.92, 95% CI (0.86, 0.98) p = 0.01). And the causal relationship between selectins and endometriosis at different sites.
Conclusion: Our genetic predictions suggest that higher levels of selectins may provide protection against endogamy and may serve as therapeutic targets in the future.
Approximate bound energies of diatomic molecules interactions by solving Schrodinger equation case of the modified Kratzer plus Hulthen potential
Authors: Reggab Khalid
Published: March 2024

The equation of Schrodinger is a fundamental mathematical framework used to clarify the motion of the wave form, which is a phenomenon in the field of quantum physics. A method's wave function contains the complete description of its particles. The computational solution of the Schrodinger problem is a multifaceted problem. The eigenvalues and typical functions of the modified Kratzer plus Hulthen potential were ascertained analytically in this study. This study used an estimating approach that Nikiforov-Uvarov functional analysis had suggested for dealing with the problem. Estimating energy spectra and applying the results to certain specific diatomic molecules was the aim. The excellent results obtained from this strategy were confirmed by comparing our eigenvalue data with additional numerical data that was gathered by other researchers.
Backbone and methyl side-chain resonance assignments of the single chain Fab fragment of trastuzumab
Authors: Gagné Donald , Aramini James M. , Aubin Yves
Published: March 2024

Trastuzumab is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody developed to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) present at higher levels in early cancers. Here we report the near complete resonance assignment of trastuzumab-scFab fragment backbone and the methyl groups of isoleucine, leucine and valine residues, as well as their stereo-assignments. The antibody fragment was produced using a single chain approach in Escherichia coli.
Tax Revenue Instability in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Institutional Quality Matter?
Authors: ZORE Mahamoudou , NIKIEMA Roukiatou
Published: March 2024

Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) face a dual fiscal challenge: the need to increase tax revenue mobilisation and the issue of revenue instability. This paper contributes to those concerns by investigating the causal effect of institutional quality on tax revenue stability in Sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2000-2020. We exploit the UNU-WIDER data on government revenues and apply the Generalized Method Model (GMM) estimation technique to address endogeneity issues. The study shows that tax revenue instability is reduced by institutional quality. Notably, this stabilizing effect is more pronounced for revenues derived from indirect taxes as compared to those from direct taxes. This result is robust to changes in the measure of tax revenue instability, the quality of institutions, the sample and the time horizon. The analysis of heterogeneity indicates that the effect is more significant in resource-rich countries and in countries experiencing economic growth. The article's results are relevant to tax policy, specifically the necessary adjustments to improve tax revenue stability through institutional quality.
JEL Classification: H21; O17; E02; O55; C23
Evaluation of ground disturbance behavior during articulated shield tunneling on small radius curved routes in clays
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Chen Yinji , Zhang Mengxi , Li Jiaxuan , Han Kaihang , Wei Gang , Chen Jie , Pan Yutao , Sun Miaomiao , Niu Rui , Wang Anyuan
Published: March 2024

Current theoretical works on excavation-induced ground settlement in clays for small radius curve tunnels typically treat the shield as a continuous entity, neglecting the influence of the articulation device. Consequently, the accurate assessment of over-excavation effects resulting from changes in the small curvature shield excavation route is impossible. As regards the articulation and geometric relationship between the shield machine and tunnel excavation route, this paper develops formulae for calculating soil over-excavation amount and articulation angle at different positions during tunnel excavation. The clay soil settlement affected by multiple factors during the construction of an articulated shield is resolved via the mirror image method and Mindlin's solution, which takes into account articulation impacts. Additionally, the on-site monitoring data is utilized for comparison and verification with the proposed theoretical solution. It is demonstrated that the solution for small curvature excavation settlement involving the articulation effect achieves good conformance in predicting soil deformation. Finally, the parametric analyses are conducted to estimate the impact of the articulation device on the predicted ground settlement values in clay soil.
Empowerment among breast cancer survivors using an online peer support community
Authors: Ruiz-Romeo Marina , Ciria-Suarez Laura , Medina Joan C. , Serra-Blasco Maria , Souto-Sampera Arnau , Flix-Valle Aida , Arizu-Onassis Alejandra , Villanueva-Bueno Cristina , Escudero-Vilaplana Vicente , Juan-Linares Eva , Ochoa-Arnedo Cristian
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) impacts the patient’s quality of life. Peer support can provide emotional understanding as well as enhance information access, social support, and coping strategies, aligning with empowerment. Comunitats is an online peer support community addressed to BC survivors, involving healthcare professionals. This study aims to explore how participation in Comunitats promotes empowerment, and which variables are related to it.
Methods: 121 women diagnosed with BC were included in Comunitats. Emotional distress, post-traumatic growth and empowerment were assessed at inclusion and three months later. Correlations were used to guide linear regression analysis to identify which variables are able to predict greater empowerment outcomes.
Results: Empowerment assessment indicated that participants felt empowered by their involvement in Comunitats. The empowerment outcomes more commonly experienced were 'being better informed' and 'improved acceptance of the illness'. 'Exchanging information' and 'finding recognition' were the strongest experienced empowerment processes. Conclusion: Involvement in Comunitatsenhances empowerment in BC survivors. Empowering processes within the community partially predict overall empowerment outcomes.
Practical Implications: Empowerment positively impacts self-care autonomy, self-efficacy, and treatment adherence, promoting healthier lifestyles and enhanced treatment outcomes.
Dexamethasone reduces cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by inducing cisplatin resistance through metallothionein-2
Authors: Ujiie Haruki , Nishiya Naoyuki , Yamamoto Ami , Takada Takeru , Onodera Megumi , Sasaki Ayana , Oikawa Takuya
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Ototoxicity is a common side effect caused by the anticancer drug cisplatin (CDDP), which reduces patient quality of life. One CDDP-resistance mechanism that occurs in recurrent cancers is heavy metal detoxification by metallothionein-2 (mt2). Here, we show that in zebrafish larvae, dexamethasone (DEX) reduces CDDP-induced ototoxicity.
Methods
Transgenic zebrafish (cldn: gfp; atoh1: rfp) that express green and red fluorescent protein neuromasts and hair cells were used. The zebrafish were pretreated with mt2 inducers at 52 h post-fertilization (hpf) for 8 h, followed by CDDP treatment for 12 h. The lateral line hair cells of CDDP-treated zebrafish at 72 hpf were observed by fluorescence microscopy.
Results
The Reporting Odds ratio (ROR) decreased after the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) first guideline recommended DEX as an antiemetic treatment for cancer chemotherapy in 1999. Pretreatment with DEX protected 72 hpf zebrafish hair cells from CDDP-induced toxicity. The expression of mt2 mRNA was significantly increased by the combination of 10 µM DEX with CDDP. mt2 gene editing reversed the protective effect of DEX against CDDP-induced damage in hair cells.
Conclusion
DEX prevents hair cells from CDDP-induced ototoxicity mediated by increased mt2 expression, which is a resistance mechanism for platinum-based anticancer drugs.
Integrating Quantum CI with Generative AI for Taiwanese/English Co-Learning: TAIDE-based Knowledge Graph Construction and Multimodal Data Transformation
Authors: Lee Chang-Shing , Wang Mei-Hui , Chen Chih-Yu , Yang Sheng-Chi , Reformat Marek , Kubota Naoyuki , Pourabdollah Amir
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes a Quantum Computational Intelligence (QCI) model integrated with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) for Taiwanese/English language co-learning applications within human-machine interactions. The QCI model comprises two main phases: human-machine interaction and data processing for quantum circuit generation and real-world applications. During the human-machine interaction phase, a synergy between Human Intelligence (HI) and Machine Intelligence (MI) enables young students to gain familiarity with CI that converges with QCI. The second phase involves data processing, which encompasses stages of data preprocessing, analysis, and evaluation. The methodology is applied to two distinct applications: 1) Application 1 focuses on constructing a knowledge graph using the Ollama platform and the TAIDE model—a Trustworthy AI Dialogue Engine developed by the Taiwanese government based on the LLaMa 2 model. 2) Application 2 addresses the GAI images to text/voice, and text/voice to GAI images, depending on the type of Taiwanese/English data collected. Subsequently, the QCI model is refined through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm Neural Networks (GANN). Moreover, a Quantum Fuzzy Inference Mechanism (QFIM) is integrated to enhance the QCI model’s capability in creating a quantum circuit. The experimental results suggest that the QCI model significantly enhances human-machine collaboration. Looking forward, we plan to extend the QCI model to reach more young learners.
Examining the relationship between health literacy and pesticide protective behaviors among farmers in Thailand
Authors: Rachutorn Thiwakorn , Aeksanti Thawatchai , Pall Chamroen , Tanamool Varavut , Srisu Anake , Mok Somany , Dewey Rebecca S , Sim Samphors , Kong Malika , Vong Pisey
Published: March 2024

Background The use of chemical pesticides without proper health literacy (HL) and necessary pesticide protective behaviors (PPB) can result in adverse effects on human health. Methods This study aims to determine if there is a correlation between HL and PPB among farmers in the Nakhon Ratchasima province, using a random sample of 464 farmers. Structured interviews consisted of three parts: 1. General information, 2. Health literacy (including knowledge, understanding, and other sub-aspects), and 3. Protective behaviors against chemical exposure. Each part of the questionnaire had a reliability index of 0.60 or higher. The reliability of the 2nd and 3rd parts of the questionnaire were as follows: sub-sections of part 2 had a Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) coefficient of 0.79 and Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient of 0.85–0.86, while part 3 had an α of 0.88. Risk of chemical exposure was assessed using a Cholinesterase Reactive Paper test administered by a finger-prick blood test. Data was analyzed using the Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression. The study was reviewed by the Human Research Ethics Committee with the approval date: August 9, 2021 and expiry date: August 9, 2022. Results Most participants had moderate levels of overall HL (48.8%) and PPB (44.6%). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between HL and PPB (rs(478) = 0.70, p < .005). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HL had a statistically significant positive association with PPB (p < .001, OR = 6.57, 95% CI 3.95, 10.94) and was associated with blood cholinesterase levels. Conclusion These findings highlight the need for increased health literacy among farmers in Thailand to ensure correct protective behaviors against chemical exposure and reduce the adverse effects of pesticide exposure on human health.
Exploitation of heterosis and combining ability potential for improvement in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Ranga Aman Deep , Vikram Amit , Kumar Ramesh , Dogra Rajesh K , Sharma Rajnish , Sharma Hem Raj
Published: March 2024

The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022 at Experimental Farm and Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India to estimate heterosis and combining ability in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Okra is an often cross-pollinated crop; therefore, exploiting heterosis is advantageous. The experimental material consisted of an F1 population of 30 crosses obtained from of 10 parental lines crossed with three testers in a Line × Tester mating design, plus a standard check (Punjab-8). Estimates of heterosis (heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis) of the cross combinations UHFO-6 × Pusa Bhindi-5, UHFO-6 × Arka Anamika and UHFO-9 × Arka Anamika were high for majority of the horticultural traits. Significant combining ability effects (GCA and SCA) were resulted from UHFO-6 and UHFO-9 among the parents and UHFO-2 × Pusa Bhindi-5, UHFO-10 × Hisar Unnat and UHFO-2 × Arka Anamika among cross combination. In future, after multi-location trials, these parents and crosses can be released to replace existing okra cultivars (hybrids/varieties).
Media culture as a factor of public opinion formation in small towns
Authors: Otrishko Maryna , Kharkevych Natalya
Published: March 2024

Introduction. In the modern world, where the information environment is saturated with informational noise and mass means of communication, media culture acquires an important status in the formation of public opinion. This is especially true for small towns, as they may be remote from global media streams.
Relevance and purpose. Media culture becomes a key tool for understanding and analyzing information included in public discourse and influences the formation of people’s consciousness and views. The purpose of the article is to study media culture as an important element of public opinion formation in small towns of Ukraine through the prism of identifying perspectives of influence and control.
Methodology. Conceptual foundations for the study of modern media culture and its impact on the cultural and social structure of society were laid in foundational theories such as Marshall McLuhan’s «global village» and Alvin Toffler’s «future shock». Content analysis of scientific literature was also used as the main research method.
Results. The influence of media culture on the formation of public opinion in small towns is extremely significant, especially due to the limited media space, which makes its influence even more significant. In such conditions, the media play a decisive role in the coverage of events at the local and national levels, as well as in the formation of the cultural and social identity of the community. The study emphasizes the importance of media self-regulation and the development of professional ethics to ensure objectivity and credibility of information. Financial support for independent media, local media and ensuring the confidentiality of sources are identified as critical factors for ensuring the quality of information services in small towns. Also, raising the level of media literacy is an important element, key to critical thinking and fact-checking. Therefore, initiatives and programs aimed at improving media literacy among residents of small towns are recognized as essential.
Conclusions. Media culture is an important part of the socio-cultural development of small towns. Mass media play a key role in covering local or national events. For this reason, mechanisms of control over the manipulation of mass media are of particular importance. The work emphasizes the importance of media literacy among the population of small towns. Therefore, individual programs and initiatives can contribute to increasing the level of media literacy among residents of small towns.
Determinants of impulse buying behavior: The mediating role of positive emotions of minimarket retail consumers in Indonesia
Authors: Arianty Nel , Kurniawan Gultom Dedek , Yusnandar Willy , Arif Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Impulse buying is characterized by quick and unplanned purchasing decisions often triggered by perceived necessity or attractive offers. Minimarkets operate on a smaller scale than hypermarkets and supermarkets but significantly influence consumer behavior, mainly because they use various promotional strategies. This study aims to determine the effect of price discounts and store atmosphere on impulse buying behavior through positive emotions. This study was conducted in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, using a non-probability sampling approach; an online questionnaire was used to collect data from 180 participants through Google Forms. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least square (PLS) estimation methods. The results showed that price discounts and store atmosphere significantly affect positive emotions and impulse buying (p < 0.05). Positive emotions significantly affect impulse buying (p < 0.05). In addition, price discounts and store atmosphere affect impulse buying through positive emotions (p < 0.05). This study uncovers the complex mechanisms underlying consumer responses in the convenience store landscape, providing important insights for retailers and marketers in navigating the evolving retail terrain. AcknowledgmentThis research was funded by the Revenue and Expenditure Budget of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara following the assignment agreement letter in the context of implementing the Basic Research Program of the Revenue and Expenditure Budget of the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra for the 2023 Fiscal Year, Number: 94/II.3- AU /UMSU-LP2M/C/2023.
New approach to domestic grey water footprinting: country-scale accounting using statistical methods in Türkiye
Authors: Boyacioglu Hayal , Boyacioglu Hulya
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to develop an approach for country-scale domestic grey water footprint (GWFdomestic) accounting and examine spatio-temporal differences using statistical methods. In this scope, the GWFdomestic was calculated as the amount of water required to reduce the total nitrogen concentrations of domestic wastewater released into receiving media from 81 cities in Türkiye. GWFdomestic values were estimated based on the data on wastewater amount and applied wastewater treatment process. GWFdomestic was calculated by dividing the pollutant load of discharged water by the critical concentration in the surface water. The empirical results showed that (a) the produced wastewater amount increased up to 125 m3/year in some cities. (b) GWFdomestic values showed a difference between 330 and 1,900 depending on the level of treatment, and the average value was about 750 m3/ca.year. (c) A total of 81 cities were grouped under four categories, and applied water treatment technology was the main characteristic of this classification. (f) GWFdomestic has not statistically significantly changed over time in a large part of the country. It can be concluded that country-scale GWFdomestic accounting can assist water managers in developing prevention measures by analyzing spatio-temporal differences in the water footprint of domestic discharges.
LncRNA XIST: A Breakthrough in Inflammation-related Diseases
Authors: Wang Hailin , Wang Lijun , Luo Yiyang , Gui Yibei , Wu Wei , Zhao Jiale , Li Xueqing , Xiong Ruisi , He Yumin , Yuan Ding , Yuan Chengfu
Published: March 2024

Background::

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is a type of non-coding
RNA that plays an important role in the body and accounts for the majority of RNA, and
this non-coding RNA can regulate disease onset and progression with its wide range of
functions. LncRNA Xist, also known as the long non-coding RNA X inactive specific
transcript, is a member of them. It can regulate the development of organismal diseases
by acting downstream on specific target genes. In addition to this, it can also influence
disease onset and progression by acting on apoptosis, migration, invasion, and other processes.
It has been shown that XIST plays an important role in the development of inflammation.

Objective::

To explore the role played by XIST in inflammation-related diseases and to
explore its mechanism of action.

Methods::

This paper summarizes and analyzes the role played by XIST in inflammation-
related diseases by conducting a search in PubMed.

Conclusion::

In this paper, we summarize the mechanism of action of XIST in different
types of inflammation-related diseases and propose new protocols for the future clinical
treatment of these diseases.
A Review on Novel Therapeutic Modalities and Evidence-based Drug
Treatments against Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kumar Bhupendra , Deshmukh Rohitas
Published: March 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated atopic disease that occurs due to inhaled antigens in the
immediate phase. Misdiagnosis, insufficient treatment, or no treatment at all are frequent problems associated
with the widespread condition known as chronic allergic rhinitis. AR symptoms include runny, itchy, stuffy,
and sneezing noses. Asthma and nasal polyps, for example, sometimes occur simultaneously in patients. In order
for people living with AR to be as comfortable and productive as possible, treatment should center on reducing
their symptoms. The online sources and literature, such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Medline, were
reviewed to gather information regarding therapeutic modalities of AR and evidence-based treatments for the
disease as the objectives of the present study. An increasing number of people are suffering from AR, resulting
in a heavy financial and medical burden on healthcare systems around the world. Undertreating AR frequently
results in a decline in quality of life. Treatment compliance is a critical challenge in the administration of AR.
Innovative therapies are needed for RA to provide patients with symptom alleviation that is less expensive,
more effective, and longer duration of action. Evidence-based guidelines are helpful for managing AR illness.
Treating AR according to evidence-based standards can help in disease management. AR treatment includes allergen
avoidance, drug therapy, immunotherapy, patient education, and follow-up. However, AR treatment
with intranasal corticosteroids is more popular. Hence, in this review article, treatment options for AR are discussed
in depth. We also discussed the incidence, causes, and new treatments for this clinical condition.
Studies in Solid Solution Formation between Acetaminophen and Povidone and
Mouth-dissolving Strip Formulation
Authors: Shahiwala Aliasgar
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

This invention reports the solubilization of Acetaminophen (ACM) within the Povidone
(PVP K30) in the solid state for the first time.

Methods::

First-generation solid dispersions (SDs) were attempted with a different ratio of PVP K:30:ACM.
SDs prepared were transparent, suggesting a solid solution (SS) formation, which was a serendipitous discovery.
A minimum ratio of 1.25:1 PVP K30: ACM was required to form stable SS, suggesting discontinuous SS.
A computational complex prediction tool, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the SS formation.

Results:

The oral strip formulation was developed from the PVP K30: ACM SS using Polyvinyl alcohol as a
film-former found to be optimum concerning physicochemical properties, offering rapid drug dissolution and
taste masking.

Conclusion:

The designed strip is suitable for delivering a child's dose (100-150 mg). However, the developed
SS can be formulated as tablets, capsules, or oral dissolving tablets to deliver adult doses with improved therapeutic
benefits and patient compliance.
Targeted Drug Delivery to ACE2+ Cells Using Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Yao , Song Sheng-Jiao , He Jin , Zhao Zhuo-Hua , Zhang Ke , Zhang Yuan , Li Xing
Published: March 2024

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potential drug carriers in
the fight against COVID-19. This study investigates the ability of EVs as drug carriers to target
SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.

Methods:

EVs were modified using Xstamp technology to carry the virus’s RBD, enhancing
targeting ability to hACE2+ cells and improving drug delivery efficiency. Characterization confirmed
EVs’ suitability as drug carriers. For in vitro tests, A549, Caco-2, and 4T1 cells were
used to assess the targeting specificity of EVRs (EVs with membrane-surface enriched RBD).
Moreover, we utilized an ex vivo lung tissue model overexpressing hACE2 as an ex vivo model
to confirm the targeting capability of EVRs toward lung tissue. The study also evaluated drug
loading efficiency and assessed the potential of the anti-inflammatory activity on A549 lung
cancer cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results:

The results demonstrate the successful construction of RBD-fused EVRs on the membrane-
surface. In both in vitro and ex vivo models, EVRs significantly enhance their targeting
ability towards hACE2+ cells, rendering them a safe and efficient drug carrier. Furthermore,
ultrasound loading efficiently incorporates IL-10 into EVRs, establishing an effective drug delivery
system that ameliorates the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS-stimulated A549
cells.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate promising opportunities for engineered EVs as a novel
nanomedicine carrier, offering valuable insights for therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 and
other diseases.
Polymer Conjugate as the New Promising Drug Delivery System for
Combination Therapy against Cancer
Authors: Hu Qiang , Zhang Yuannian , Mukerabigwi Jean Felix , Wang Haili , Cao Yu
Published: March 2024

This review highlights the advantages of combination therapy using polymer conjugates
as drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. In this review, the specific structures and materials
of polymer conjugates, as well as the different types of combination chemotherapy strategies,
are discussed. Specific targeting strategies, such as monoclonal antibody therapy and small
molecule ligands, are also explored. Additionally, self-assembled polymer micelles and overcoming
multidrug resistance are described as potential strategies for combination therapy. The assessment
of combinational therapeutic efficacy and the challenges associated with polymer conjugates
are also addressed. The future outlook aims to overcome these challenges and improve the effectiveness
of drug delivery systems for combination therapy. The conclusion emphasizes the potential
of polymer conjugates in combination therapy while acknowledging the need for further research
and development in this field.
A New Advanced Approach: Design and Screening of Affinity Peptide
Ligands Using Computer Simulation Techniques
Authors: Wei Zheng , Chen Meilun , Lu Xiaoling , Liu Yijie , Peng Guangnan , Yang Jie , Tang Chunhua , Yu Peng
Published: March 2024

Peptides acquire target affinity based on the combination of residues in their sequences
and the conformation formed by their flexible folding, an ability that makes them very attractive
biomaterials in therapeutic, diagnostic, and assay fields. With the development of computer technology,
computer-aided design and screening of affinity peptides has become a more efficient and
faster method. This review summarizes successful cases of computer-aided design and screening
of affinity peptide ligands in recent years and lists the computer programs and online servers used
in the process. In particular, the characteristics of different design and screening methods are summarized
and categorized to help researchers choose between different methods. In addition, experimentally
validated sequences are listed, and their applications are described, providing directions
for the future development and application of computational peptide screening and design.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles Utilizing 4,6-Dimethyl-1-
((4-methylthiazol-2-yl)amino)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile
Authors: Borik Rita M.
Published: March 2024

Novel hydrazones 4, 5, and oxime 6 were produced from the reaction of ketone 3 with hydrazine,
phenylhydrazine, and hydroxylamine HCl, respectively. One pot multicomponent reaction of
chalcones 7a-c, 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile 8, and ammonium acetate in MeOH at reflux
temperature gave 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-nicotinonitrile derivatives 10-12. Additionally, a one-pot reaction
of chalcone 7a, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate, and ammonium acetate in AcOH at reflux temperature
afforded 6-aminopyridine derivatives 13 and 14, respectively.
Electron Properties of Baicalein and its Derivatives via Quantum Chemistry
Calculation: The Effect of Hydroxyl-substitution at A and C Rings
Authors: Li Xiong
Published: March 2024

The electron properties of baicalein-family are of great importance in influencing its properties
and corresponding bioactivities. In this work, we conducted comprehensive quantum chemistry
calculations on pristine baicalein, and its two hydroxyl-substituted derivatives where the hydroxylsubstitution
respectively occur at A and C rings. By contrasting with each other, the effects of the
hydroxyl-substitution on the electron properties were studied from the aspects of the density of states,
molecular orbital, electronic excitation, electrostatic potential, and electron delocalization. According
to our computation, the hydroxyl-substitution results in variations in geometry and the consequent
electron properties among the discussed molecules. Certainly, this research can contribute to the development
of the research on the electron involved properties and the structure-property-activity relationship
for the baicalein-family.
Experimental Investigation on Efficacy of Eudragit RS 100 Polymer in Prolonging Glibenclamide Release by Intragastric Floating Microsphere Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation
Authors: Tripathi Devika , Yadav Princy , Mishra Gauransh , Rai Awani Kumar
Published: March 2024

Background:

The amalgamation of targeted transportation and enhancement of the release profile of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a contemporary trend in the evolution of oral medicinal products. A renowned method to actualize this concept is to develop floating gastroretentive delivery systems that ensure an extended stay of the dosage form on the gastric surface. The success of drug delivery is largely dependent on the type of polymer used that sustains the release and avoids any toxic effects. Intragastric floating drug delivery systems are designed to remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period. This allows for a slow release of the drug in the stomach, which can be particularly beneficial for drugs with a narrow absorption window, like Glibenclamide, an anti-diabetic medication.

Objective:

The current research focused on the sustained drug delivery of Glibenclamide as intragastric floating microspheres. The goal was to adjust the floatation and drug release pattern using Eudragit RS 100 and magnesium stearate as a droplet stabilizer. Different batches of floating microspheres were optimized based on the polymer, drug-polymer concentration, and the amount of magnesium stearate. The strategy aimed to enhance the effectiveness of Glibenclamide, particularly for individuals with diabetes, by facilitating a controlled and consistent release of the drug in the gastric environment.

Materials and Methods:

The solvent evaporation method was used to create four batches of intragastric microspheres. The maximum absorbance of the drug, also known as lambda max, was observed at 212 nm. The prepared batches were evaluated for various in-vitro physicochemical parameters. The average particle size was found to be 619 nm. Rheological studies indicated excellent flow properties. The microspheres exhibited in-vitro buoyancy for up to 7 hours.

Results:

The entrapment efficiency was as high as 93.19%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the microspheres have a porous structure, which allows for the easy movement of solvents and solutes into and out of the microspheres. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated the physical and chemical properties of the microspheres. All in-vitro drug release and kinetic studies for the optimized batch (F-M4) revealed that Eudragit RS 100 effectively sustained the intragastric delivery of Glibenclamide.

Conclusion:

Floating drug delivery systems enhance oral dosage forms and the range of APIs by ensuring targeted gastric delivery and modified release. This improves bioavailability, reduces drug losses, and partially mitigates side effects.
Antimicrobial Potency of the Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Using Bridelia ferruginea Benth Plant Extract
Authors: Amao Isaac O. , Okesola Abiola O. , Ajiboye Timothy O. , Animasahun Victor O. , Dada-Adegbola Hannah O.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Antibiotic resistance among pathogens has grown to be a major concern
for the health of people around the world. One of the main subgroups of troublesome multidrugresistant
bacteria that has recently undergone rapid evolution is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA).

Methods:

In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Bridelia
ferruginea leaves. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus was used to test the antibacterial properties of
the produced Bridelia ferruginea-derived silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were characterized
using XRD, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and SEM.

Results:

The antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles was improved at doses of 50, 100, and
150 ug/ml, with mean zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 13.0, 16.4, and 17.4 mm (SD1). When combined
with erythromycin medicines, silver nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial efficiency compared
to when used alone. The ZOI was 23 mm at 150 ug/mL, compared to 21 mm at 50 and 100
ug/mL. At P=0.06, the outcomes were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

This established that the antibacterial impact of combining antibiotics with AgNPs is
enhanced. The current work showed that biosynthesized B. ferruginea silver nanoparticles (BFAgNPs)
were effective in vitro.
Case Report : Thymoma Mimicking Teratoma Clinically and Radiographic Appearance
Authors: Eka Pratiwi  , Djajalaksana Susanthy , Pratiwi Suryanti , Isharanto Artono , Erawati Dini , Yudhanto Hendy
Published: March 2024

Background: Thymoma is a rare tumor of thymic epithelial cells in anterior mediastinum. The etiology of thymoma is not known with certainty. Thymomas are difficult to distinguish from teratomas or other mediastinal tumors. Diagnosis of thymoma or teratoma is based on clinical symptoms, CXR, Thorax CT Scan, biopsy for definite diagnosis, and requires IHC examinations to be able to differentiate it from other mediastinal tumors.

Case Presentation: A 62-year-old female, came with complaints of shortness of breath since 5 months when walking long distances accompanied by a dry cough for 1 week, and weight loss of 4 kgs in 10 months. Patient came from Lawang Hospital with results of AFP 1.59, B-HCG 3.8, CXR showed mediastinal mass, CT Scan Thorax showed solid mass with fat component and calcification in the right side of anterior mediastinum, suspected of a mature teratoma. Patient then underwent Tumor Excision Per Median Sternotomy by Cardiothoracic Surgeon on October 19, 2022, sampled a round tissue sized 7.5x7x6 cm with smooth surface, intact capsule likes teratoma.

Discussion: PA examination was performed, with result of Germ Cell Tumor, we continued with Calretinin, CD99, SMA, S100, and Melan A IHC examinations. The results of the last IHC examination found, Type A Thymoma Cells. Patient is currently stable and recommended for radiotherapy.

Conclusion: A patient with a thymoma mimicking a mature teratoma macroscopically and radiographically is an interesting case based on the results of thymoma type A from Immunohistochemistry examination but perform macroscopic likes teratoma.

Keywords: Thymoma, Teratoma, Clinically, Radiographic
BIOMIMETICS IN MODERN DENTISTRY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Bulbuk O.V.
Published: March 2024

Біоміметика – це галузь науки, яка досліджує технічну красу природи. Термін походить від грецьких слів bios (життя) і mimesis (наслідувати). Американський учений і винахідник Отто Шмідт у 1960-х роках увів в обіг термін «біоміметика» для опису процесу переходу від біології до технології. У сучасній стоматології вищевказане поняття – синонім природної інтеграції біоматеріалів, тобто біологічної, біомеханічної, функціональної та косметичної інтеграції, що максимально імітує фізіологічну поведінку природних зубів. Нову тенденцію біоміметичних підходів у стоматології використовують для такої низки застосувань, як: лікування дефектів твердих тканин зубів за допомогою біоінспірованих аналогів для досягнення ремінералізації, біоактивних матеріалів, а також тканинної інженерії задля регенерації.

Метою дослідження є висвітлення нової галузі в стоматології, біоміметики; її основних концепцій, розробок, особливо у відновній і реставраційній стоматології.

Рузультати. Основна мета біоміметичної реставраційної стоматології – повернути твердим тканинам (емалі, дентину, цементу) повну функцію за допомогою реставраційного матеріалу, який може імітувати або відновлювати біомеханіку природного зуба. Це дозволяє йому (зубу) функціонувати як єдине ціле, протистояти функціональним силам і забезпечити майже нормальну біологію та естетику.

Біоміметичні протоколи спрямовані на збереження якомога більше природної структури зуба, збільшення терміну служби відновних конструкцій, зменшення ускладнень і потреби в повторному лікуванні. У цьому ж огляді обговоримо й різні підходи до реставрації твердих тканин зубів.

Висновки. У межах запропонованого дослідження можна зробити висновок, що рішення щодо вибору методу лікування, прийняте стоматологами, які опираються на знання та принципи біоміметичної стоматології, суттєво відрізняються від рішення стоматологів, котрі не мають таких знань. Принципи біоміметики дозволяють приймати більш консервативні реставраційні рішення відповідно до їхньої підготовки.
INTEGRATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN REHABILITATION AFTER INJURIES AND OPERATIONS IN UKRAINIAN MEDICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Анна  , Dub M.M. , Hnatiuk V.V. , Yefimova A.I.
Published: March 2024

У цій статті розглянуто інноваційні технології в реабілітації, що є вкрай актуальною темою у контексті розвитку медичної практики в Україні. Розвиток новітніх методів та технологій в реабілітації має великий потенціал для поліпшення якості медичної допомоги та підвищення життєвого комфорту пацієнтів.

Мета дослідження полягала у дослідженні ефективності застосування в українській медичній практиці робототехнічної системи ReoGo для покращення реабілітаційного процесу та відновлення фізичних можливостей пацієнтів із травмами верхніх кінцівок. Вік пацієнтів коливався від 28 до 41 років. У дослідженні брали участь 3 пацієнтів чоловічої статі та 5 пацієнтів жіночої статі. Критерії включення: наявність порушення функцій пошкоджених рук людини. Критерії виключення: нестабільний стан здоров'я, який може стати перешкодою для безпечної участі в програмі реабілітації, важкі психічні або когнітивні порушення, які ускладнюють сприйняття та виконання реабілітаційних завдань; такі порушення, як важка м'язова слабкість або параліч, що унеможливлюють або обмежують можливість взаємодії з робототехнічним обладнанням.

Методи. Для вивчення ефективності упровадженої роботизованої платформи ReoGo було проведено дослідження в рамках проєкту RECOVERY, у якому взяло участь вісім осіб з порушенням функції верхніх кінцівок внаслідок ушкодження ротаторної манжети та перелому плечової кістки. Четверо осіб пройшли двадцять сеансів роботизованої реабілітації. Четверо осіб (контрольна група) пройшли курс реабілітації, що включав 10 занять з фізичним терапевтом та 10 занять з ерготерапевтом.

Результати дослідження. Досліджено перспективи використання робототехнічних систем у реабілітаційній терапії пацієнтів. Одним із ключових аспектів статті є використання роботизованих систем для реабілітації та покращення функціональних можливостей пацієнтів. Досліджено показники продуктивності, такі як: просторова автономія (PF), об'єм робочого простору (RWV), час виконання завдань (TCT), швидкість рухів (MS) та загальна сила взаємодії (TIF). Результати дослідження вказують на позитивний вплив роботизованої реабілітації на фізичні можливості пацієнтів. Група, яка отримувала реабілітаційну терапію за допомогою робототехнічних систем, проявила значні поліпшення, порівняно з неапаратною реабілітацією. Результати підкреслюють високий ступінь ефективності роботизованої реабілітації, особливо у контексті просторової автономії, координації рухів та тривалості виконання завдань. Зазначається також важливість стратегії психофізіологічного контролю у досягненні позитивних результатів.

Висновки. Представлені матеріали можуть бути корисними для подальшого дослідження про розвиток інноваційних методів реабілітації в медичній практиці та відкривають нові перспективи для поліпшення якості життя пацієнтів із травмами верхніх кінцівок.