bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
City or beach hotel? Location as a determinant of customer satisfaction and room rate
Authors: Alvarez Leon Ivan , Cavallin Anais , Louzao Nuria
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This research aims to reveal that accessibility of hotels to major points of attraction in the urban–territorial continuum of Catalonia, with its urban and coastal landscapes, has a direct impact on the dependent variables of customer satisfaction and average room rate.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected data from 84 of 4-star hotel establishments, divided into urban and coastal hotels. Both coastal and urban hotels were differentiated depending on their distance to, the beach and the urban city center, respectively. Customer satisfaction and average room rate data were retrieved from online review platforms.

Findings

The study proves that hotels located in the urban–territorial continuum of Catalonia have different behaviors in terms of customer satisfaction and hotel pricing according to the variables of distance and landscape. The study shows that room rate and customer satisfaction are both higher in urban landscapes than in coastal landscapes. Urban hotels present significant differences in their levels of customer satisfaction and room rates depending on their location in the city of Barcelona. However, coastal hotels do not represent significant differences in room rates depending on their location, although they do represent significant differences in terms of customer satisfaction.

Originality/value

The originality of this study is based on how a dynamic urban–territorial model consisting of Barcelona and the Maresme coast, the hotel location and distances to main interest points impact in the variables of customer satisfaction and average room rate.
Prioritizing facilities linked to corporate strategic objectives using a fuzzy model
Authors: DePalmer Devin , Schuldt Steven , Delorit Justin
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Limited facilities operating and modernization budgets require organizations to carefully identify, prioritize and authorize projects to ensure allocated resources align with strategic objectives. Traditional facility prioritization methods using risk matrices can be improved to increase granularity in categorization and avoid mathematical error or human cognitive biases. These limitations restrict the utility of prioritizations and if erroneously used to select projects for funding, they can lead to wasted resources. This paper aims to propose a novel facility prioritization methodology that corrects these assessment design and implementation issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A Mamdani fuzzy logic inference system is coupled with a traditional, categorical risk assessment framework to understand a facilities’ consequence of failure and its effect on an organization’s strategic objectives. Model performance is evaluated using the US Air Force’s facility portfolio, which has been previously assessed, treating facility replicability and interruptability as minimization objectives. The fuzzy logic inference system is built to account for these objectives, but as proof of ease-of-adaptation, facility dependency is added as an additional risk assessment criterion.

Findings

Results of the fuzzy logic-based approach show a high degree of consistency with the traditional approach, though the value of the information provided by the framework developed here is considerably higher, as it creates a continuous set of facility prioritizations that are unbiased. The fuzzy logic framework is likely suitable for implementation by diverse, spatially distributed organizations in which decision-makers seek to balance risk assessment complexity with an output value.

Originality/value

This paper fills the identified need for portfolio management strategies that focus on prioritizing projects by risk to organizational operations or objectives.
Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer ‘All Lives Matter’ to ‘Black Lives Matter’
Authors: West Keon , Greenland Katy , van Laar Colette
Published: May 2021

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement has been called the ‘civil rights issue of our time’ (Holt & Sweitzer, 2020, Self and Identity, 19(, p. 16) but the All Lives Matter (ALM) movement swiftly emerged as an oppositional response to BLM. Prior research has investigated some predictors of support for ALM over BLM, but these predictors have thus far not included levels of racial bias or potentially relevant constructions of racism. This pre‐registered, cross‐sectional study (N = 287) tested the degree to which White participants’ support for ALM could be predicted using measures of racism (implicit and explicit) and ideological stances around the construction of ‘racism’ (that discourage the recognition of contemporary inequalities and discrimination). Using multiple regression analyses, we found that implicit racism, colour‐blind ideology, and narrow definitional boundaries of discrimination positively predicted support for ALM over BLM. Explicit racism, collective narcissism, and right‐wing political orientation did not predict ALM support, nor did any (2‐way) interaction of these predictors. Implications for our understanding of the All Lives Matter movement are discussed.
Spitz nevus with a novel TFG‐NTRK2 fusion: The first case report of NTRK2‐rearranged Spitz/Reed nevus
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Pissaloux Daniel , Tirode Franck , de la Fouchardière Arnaud
Published: May 2021

Fusions of ALK, ROS1, NTRK1, NTRK3, RET, MET, MERTK, FGFR1, ERBB4, LCK, BRAF, MAP3K8, MAP3K3, and PRKDC and mutation of HRAS have so far been discovered as the genetic alterations associated with the pathogenesis of Spitz neoplasms. This report presents the first case of NTRK2‐rearranged Spitz/Reed nevus. The patient was a 39‐year‐old male with a pigmented macule rapidly growing on his shoulder. Histopathologically, the lesion was a junctional melanocytic nevus composed of large nests of spindled melanocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm associated with a hyperplastic epidermis. These findings fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of a pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed (variant of Spitz nevus). Immunohistochemistry for pan‐Trk revealed diffuse cytoplasmic positivity in the tumor cells, but immunoexpression of ALK, ROS1, and BRAF V600E was not seen. A novel, in‐frame, TFG‐NTRK2 fusion was identified by RNA sequencing. This case report expands the list of genetic alterations in Spitz neoplasms and the spectrum of NTRK2‐rearranged tumors.
Schnittrandkontrolle von Basalzellkarzinomen mittels ex‐vivo konfokaler Laserscanmikroskopie mit digitaler Farbbearbeitung – Anwendung in der Routinediagnostik
Authors: Grupp Margarethe , Illes Monica , Mentzel Julia , Simon Jan C. , Paasch Uwe , Grunewald Sonja
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund und Ziele

Die ex‐vivo konfokale Laserscanmikroskopie (CLSM) erlaubt die feingewebliche Untersuchung von Nativpräparaten innerhalb von Minuten basierend auf Gewebereflexion und fluoreszenzbasierter Kernfärbung. Die neu eingeführte digitale Farbbearbeitung der Bilder imitiert die konventionelle Hämatoxylin‐Eosin (HE)‐Färbung nahezu perfekt. Ziel war eine Evaluation der neuen Methode im Zeitdruck des klinischen Alltags bei der Schnittrandkontrolle von Basalzellkarzinomen hinsichtlich Befundqualität und Zeitbedarf.

Patienten und Methodik

Es wurden 101 Basalzellkarzinome von 79 Patienten mikrografisch kontrolliert (n = 60) beziehungsweise als Spindel (n = 41) exzidiert. Die frisch exzidierten Präparate wurden mittels CLSM untersucht und im Anschluss konventionell histopathologisch aufgearbeitet. Die Befundung erfolgte verblindet durch einen erfahrenen Dermatohistopathologen.

Ergebnisse

Basalzellkarzinome waren im CLSM direkt nach der Exzision hervorragend erkennbar. Aufgrund der digitalen HE‐Färbung ist für den Befunder keine Umstellung der Sehgewohnheiten notwendig. Im Vergleich zur konventionellen histopathologischen Untersuchung lag die Sensitivität bei 73,6 % und die Spezifität bei 96,5 %. Fehlerhafte Befunde waren häufig einer eingeschränkten Beurteilbarkeit bei nicht vollständig dargestellter Epidermis geschuldet.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die CLSM mit digitaler HE‐Färbung ist auch unter Routinebedingungen sehr gut geeignet, Basalzellkarzinome und deren Schnittränder zu diagnostizieren und stellt damit eine gewebesparende Alternative zum Kryostat‐Schnellschnitt dar. Es ist zu erwarten, dass Weiterentwicklungen wie etwa Objektträger mit Magnetfixierungen zur Optimierung des Anpressdruckes die Befundgenauigkeit weiter verbessern werden.
A case study on the evaluation of discussion and debate learning effectiveness in a dental hygiene ethics class
Authors: Choi Yong‐Keum , Kim Eun‐Jeong
Published: May 2021

Introduction

This study introduces the curriculum of a discussion‐based learning class for dental hygiene ethics education and evaluates the educational effect of discussion‐based learning as applied to a dental hygiene ethics class.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted with 48 sophomores from the Department of Dental Hygiene who took dental hygiene ethics in the second semester of 2019. For the DBL class, the following steps were conducted: (1) a pre‐class group activity (discussion); (2) a group presentation and team discussion; and (3) a discussion among all groups. To improve the ability to aggregate, organise, and prepare the learner's resources, data, information search skills, and opinions by the team and to improve communication skills by actively listening to other people's opinions, the presentation team's opinions were modified after the discussion, and the performance of rational opinions on topics was added. The professor provided feedback and summarised and ended the discussion. The survey was conducted before and after the DBL class.

Results

Concerning critical thinking ability, critical objectivity increased significantly from 8.88 before to 9.38 after the DBL class, and critical confidence also increased significantly. The change in professional attitude significantly increased from 3.21 out of 5 points before the DBL class to 3.53 after the DBL class in the logical and critical thinking skills category and significantly increased from 3.27 to 3.66 in decision‐making skills.

Conclusion

Teaching methods applied in DBL classes, not traditional lecture‐style classes, consistent with changing educational paradigms, are very effective and should change gradually. These results will be particularly helpful to faculty members who are inexperienced in DBL courses and performance but interested in them.
Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity
Authors: Reijenga Bouwe R. , Murrell David J. , Pigot Alex L.
Published: May 2021

Priority effects can play a fundamental role in the assembly of ecological communities, but how they shape the dynamics of biodiversity over macroevolutionary timescales remains unclear. Here we develop and analyse a metacommunity model combining local priority effects with niche evolution, speciation and extinction. We show that by promoting the persistence of rare species, local priority effects cause the evolution of higher metacommunity diversity as well as major disparities in richness among evolutionary lineages. However, we also show how classic macroevolutionary patterns of niche incumbency—whereby rates of regional diversification and invasion slow down as ecological niches are filled—do not depend on local priority effects, arising even when invading species continuously displace residents. Together, these results clarify the connection between local priority effects and the filling of ecological niche space, and reveal how the impact of species arrival order on competition fundamentally shapes the generation and maintenance of biodiversity.
Transnational families and return in the age of deportation: The case of indigenous Ecuadorian migrants
Authors: Berg Ulla D. , Herrera Gioconda
Published: May 2021

Recent social science research has highlighted the chaos imposed by detention and deportation policies on migrant families and communities. This paper expands on these discussions by examining the role of transnational family dynamics as people experience detention, deportation, reintegration and/or remigration. Analysing five exemplary cases of indigenous Ecuadorian families drawn from a larger sample, we highlight the reconfigurations of transnational social relations resulting from these cycles of (im)mobility. We argue that transnational family support structures play a crucial role in the reconfiguration of families affected by deportation by combining material and emotional support and healing with social control. Our findings suggest that the social, emotional, and economic effects of deportation over time are shaped both by family and community contexts of reception and by migrants’ own gender, class, life‐course stage, time spent in the United States, and migration experiences. These findings allow us to conclude that deportation is a heterogeneous social and temporal process that does not impact families uniformly but in fact unfolds in diverse ways within family situations where social relationships, gender roles, care arrangements, and social expectations for the most part are already profoundly transnationalised and reconfigured by migration.
Preservation of strawberry fruit quality via the use of active packaging with encapsulated thyme essential oil in zein nanofiber film
Authors: Ansarifar Elham , Moradinezhad Farid
Published: May 2021

Strawberry is highly perishable with a short shelf life mainly due to physiological deterioration and microbiological decay. Thyme essential oil (TEO), which is a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, encapsulated in zein (Z) nanofiber could be used by electrospinning to examine the ability of the nanofiber for strawberry quality preservation. Test groups were designated as zein nanofiber film, and zein loaded with TEO nanofiber film (Z/TEO). The fruit packed in PET container without film on its lid was used as the control group. Packages of fruits were then stored in a cool room at 4 ± 0.5 °C and 85 ± 5% RH for 15 days. Results indicated that the scanning electron microscopy images of nanofibers had a linear morphology, smooth surface and bead‐free structure. Fourier transform infrared also showed that the encapsulation of TEO in the zein was a physical process and no chemical interactions occurred between ingredients during electrospinning. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry data confirmed the thermal stability of TEO encapsulated in zein nanofibers. Active packaging including nanofiber films significantly preserved the biochemical and microbial properties of fruit. Indeed, stored fruit in packages containing nanofiber Z/TEO (Zein loaded with TEO nanofiber film) significantly (p˂0.05) lowered total bacterial counts, fungi and yeast, and maintained the total phenols content, antioxidant activity and titratable acidity of the strawberries during 15 days of storage at 4 °C. In conclusion, this study revealed the benefits of incorporating TEO into zein films, which may have a great potential in active packaging and preservation of strawberry fruits.
Barriers to research utilization influencing patient safety climate: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ferreira Maria Beatriz Guimarães , dos Santos Felix Márcia Marques , de Souza Lopes Rebeca Ainoã , Haas Vanderlei José , Galvão Cristina Maria , Barbosa Maria Helena
Published: May 2021

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the influence of barriers to the use of research results in the practice of nurses on patient safety perception.

Background

The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events.

Design

This is a cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The sample consisted of 207 nurses from three public university hospitals in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 2017 to November 2018. They answered a questionnaire with professional characteristics, The Barriers Scale and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Student's t test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.

Results

The findings showed most nurses had unfavourable competencies for implementing research results in practice. As barrier scores for the use of research results in practice increase, safety climate scores decrease. Taking a training course on the use of research results in clinical practice and organization characteristics, limitations of the setting were statistically significant, constituting factors that influence the perception of the safety climate.

Conclusion

Investments in education are needed for health professionals to be aware of evidence‐based practice and how to use evidence to impact decision‐making outcomes, strengthening safety outcomes in health services.
Age and growth of the tropical oviparous shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum in Indonesian waters
Authors: Fahmi  , Kurniawan Wanwan , Tibbetts Ian R. , Oktaviyani Selvia , Dudgeon Christine L. , Bennett Michael B.
Published: May 2021

The brown‐banded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum, is the most common shark caught in coastal commercial fisheries throughout Southeast Asia, yet there is a lack of the life‐history information necessary for reliable stock assessments. The authors estimated growth rates and age at maturity using analysis of growth bands in vertebral centra. They trialled four different techniques to enhance the visibility and improve identification of the putative annual growth bands necessary for age estimation. The authors found that the burn method on whole vertebral centra provided the most readable and consistent results for age analysis. The logistic model was chosen as the best‐fit growth model for age estimation of 330 individual C. punctatum from Indonesia. Several age verification methods, including marginal increment ratio and length‐frequency analysis, were performed with the support of age validation through the use of calcein‐labelled vertebrae from two sharks maintained in captivity. This study found that C. punctatum from Indonesian waters is a fast‐growing species that can grow up to 18 cm year−1, reach an estimated maximum total length of 1 m, mature at c. 6.5 years and live for up to 14 years.
A tailored flexible vaginal pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse in older women
Authors: Gold Ronen S. , Baruch Yoav , Amir Hadar , Gordon David , Groutz Asnat
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To present a flexible protocol of vaginal pessaries for older women with significant pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Design

A prospective cohort study of 140 consecutive older women (aged ≥65 years) with significant POP treated with individually fitted vaginal pessaries. After initial insertion, each patient was invited for a first evaluation after 1 month and subsequent follow‐ups at increasing intervals of 1 month. During each examination, the pessary was removed and the vagina was inspected for infection, bleeding, or erosions. All patients were advised to use a vaginal estrogen cream twice a week.

Setting

The study was conducted during 2020 in the urogynecology clinic of a tertiary medical center.

Participants

The study cohort included 140 consecutive older women with significant and symptomatic POP treated with vaginal pessaries.

Main outcome

Primary outcomes included time intervals between follow‐up visits, pessary‐associated complications, need to change the pessary, need to remove the pessary temporarily, and whether the patients eventually underwent POP surgery.

Results

The mean age of the patients at the time of pessary fitting was 76.7 ± 9.2 years (range 65–100 years). Mean interval between follow‐up examinations was 3.3 ± 1.1 months (range 1–6 months). Most patients (83.6%) used a ring pessary with support, but only a small number of patients were able to maintain the pessary by themselves. Of the 140 patients, five (3.6%) patients only eventually underwent POP surgery, and in 11 (7.9%) patients, the vaginal pessary had to be removed for 2–4 weeks because of significant vaginal discharge or superficial erosions. Additionally, 12 (8.6%) patients developed stress urinary incontinence following pessary insertion.

Conclusions

Customized management with vaginal pessary for symptomatic POP in older women is effective and safe, and is a suitable therapeutic alternative for older women who are unable or unwilling to undergo reconstructive pelvic surgery.
Coping and growing in dilemma: Clinical work experience of front‐line nurses in Wuhan during the early stage of COVID‐19 epidemic
Authors: Xu Fen , Tang Ju‐ping , Lu Sha , Fang Hong‐wei , Dong Lili , Zhou Yun‐xian
Published: May 2021

Aim

To deeply explore the experience of front‐line nurses who participated in rescuing Wuhan during the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic.

Methods

Using a descriptive qualitative design, individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted between February 25 and March 5, 2020. A conventional content analysis method was used in data analysis to extract themes and sub‐themes.

Results

Six themes emerged after data analysis: (a) worries and stress during rescue; (b) difficulties encountered during rescue; (c) experience of team work; (d) experience of interaction with COVID‐19 patients; (e) experience of logistic support and widespread concern; and (f) value and significance of the experience.

Conclusions

Nurses took on difficult missions in the rescue and played an irreplaceable role. They experienced remarkable psychological changes over the intensive work. It was necessary to understand the feelings and problems of the nurses so as to establish a healthcare system that can protect medical staff effectively in future disasters.
A nephroprotective iodinated contrast agent with cardioprotective properties: A pilot study
Authors: Rowe Elizabeth S. , Rowe Vernon D. , Hunter John , Gralinski Michael R. , Neves Liomar A.
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose

Evaluation and treatment of acute ischemic syndromes, in the heart and brain, require vessel visualization by iodinated X‐ray contrast agents. However, these contrast agents can induce injury, in both the kidneys and target organs themselves. Sulfobutylether beta cyclodextrin (SBECD) added to iohexol (SBECD‐iohexol) (Captisol Enabled‐iohexol, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA) is currently in clinical trials in cardiovascular procedures, to determine its relative renal safety in high‐risk patients. Preclinical studies showed that SBECD‐iohexol reduced contrast‐induced acute kidney injury in rodent models by blocking apoptosis. The current study was undertaken to determine whether SBECD‐iohexol is also cardioprotective, in the male rat ischemia‐reperfusion model, compared to iohexol alone.

Methods

After anesthesia, the left coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and the ligation released and reperfusion followed for 2 h prior to sacrifice. Groups 1–4 were injected in the tail vein 10 min prior to ischemia with: (1) vehicle; (2) iohexol; (3) SBECD; and (4) SBECD‐iohexol. Infarct size, hemodynamics, and serum markers were measured.

Results

An eight‐fold increase in serum creatine kinase in the iohexol‐alone group was observed, compared with no increase in the SBECD‐iohexol group. The mean arterial pressure and rate pressure product were depressed in the iohexol‐alone group, but not in the SBECD‐iohexol group, or controls. No difference in infarct size or serum creatinine among the groups was observed.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that SBECD‐iohexol is superior to iohexol alone, for both the preservation of cardiomyocyte integrity and preservation of myocardial function in myocardial ischemia.
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION IN BIOREGIONALISM AND THE NEED FOR A DECOLONIAL ETHICS OF PLACE
Authors: Wiebe Joseph
Published: May 2021

Bioregionalism is an environmental movement that attempts to create decentralized, self‐determined communities connected to landscape and ecological features. Activists and scholars have used the phrase “becoming native” to describe the process of belonging to place. Despite its cultural appropriation, not only do bioregional writers still use the metaphor, but it has also been defended within religious studies. Instead of relying on these arguments to address ethical issues, claims to place need a decolonial framework. Looking at various voices within bioregionalism through Indigenous critiques displays both the movement’s issues as well as decolonial processes for local adaptation. Wendell Berry exemplifies the problems of bioregional ethics but also shows bioregionalism's capacity for decolonization.
Left behind again: Rural home health services in a Medicaid pediatric accountable care organization
Authors: Hardy Rose Y. , Liu Gilbert C. , Conkol Kimberly J. , Gleeson Sean P. , Kelleher Kelly J.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To contrast trends in rural and urban pediatric home health care use among Medicaid enrollees.

Methods

Medicaid administrative claims data were used to assess differences in home health care use for child members in a large pediatric accountable care organization (ACO) in Ohio. Descriptive statistics assessed rural and urban differences in health care use over a 10‐year period between 2010 and 2019.

Findings

Pediatric home health care use increased markedly in the low‐income (CFC) and disabled (ABD) Medicaid categories. Over the past 10 years, CFC‐enrolled children from urban communities have seen more home health visits, fewer emergency department (ED) visits, and more well child visits compared to rural CFC‐enrolled children. Children enrolled due to disabilities in urban communities have also seen more home health visit use but fewer preventive care visits than their rural counterparts.

Conclusions

Within a pediatric ACO, rural home health care use has remained relatively stagnant over a 10‐year period, a stark contrast to increases in home health care use among comparable urban populations. There are likely multiple explanations for these differences, including overuse in urban communities, lack of access in rural communities, and changes to home health reimbursement. More can be done to improve rural home health access. Such improvement will likely necessitate large‐scale changes to home health care delivery, workforce, and financing. Improvements should be evaluated for return‐on‐investment not only in terms of direct costs, that is, reduced inpatient or ED costs, but also in terms of patient and family quality‐of‐life or key indicators of child well‐being such as educational attainment.
Can bronchoconstriction and bronchodilatation in horses be detected using electrical impedance tomography?
Authors: Secombe Cristy , Adler Andy , Hosgood Giselle , Raisis Anthea , Mosing Martina
Published: May 2021

Background

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) generates images of the lungs based on impedance change and was able to detect changes in airflow after histamine challenge in horses.

Objectives

To confirm that EIT can detect histamine‐provoked changes in airflow and subsequent drug‐induced bronchodilatation. Novel EIT flow variables were developed and examined for changes in airflow.

Methods

Bronchoconstriction was induced using stepwise histamine bronchoprovocation in 17 healthy sedated horses. The EIT variables were recorded at baseline, after saline nebulization (control), at the histamine concentration causing bronchoconstriction (Cmax) and 2 and 10 minutes after albuterol (salbutamol) administration. Peak global inspiratory (PIFEIT) and peak expiratory EIT (PEFEIT) flow, slope of the global expiratory flow‐volume curve (FVslope), steepest FVslopeover all pixels in the lung field, total impedance change (surrogate for tidal volume; VTEIT) and intercept on the expiratory FV curve normalized to VTEIT(FVintercept/VTEIT) were indexed to baseline and analyzed for a difference from the control, at Cmax, 2 and 10 minutes after albuterol. Multiple linear regression explored the explanation of the variance of Δflow, a validated variable to evaluate bronchoconstriction using all EIT variables.

Results

At Cmax, PIFEIT, PEFEIT, and FVslopesignificantly increased whereas FVintercept/VT decreased. All variables returned to baseline 10 minutes after albuterol. The VTEITdid not change. Multivariable investigation suggested 51% of Δflow variance was explained by a combination of PIFEITand PEFEIT.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Changes in airflow during histamine challenge and subsequent albuterol administration could be detected by various EIT flow volume variables.
Getting airtime: Exploring how patients shape the stories they tell health practitioners
Authors: Koopman Wilma J. , LaDonna Kori A. , Anne Kinsella Elizabeth , Venance Shannon L. , Watling Christopher J.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Effective communication during health encounters is known to decrease patient complaints, increase patient adherence and optimise health outcomes. While the aim of patient‐centred care is to find common ground, health practitioners tend to drive the encounter, often interrupting patients within the first minute of the clinical conversation. Optimal care for people with chronic illnesses requires individuals to interact with health practitioners regarding their health concerns, but given these constraints, we know little about how patients strategise conversations with their care providers. This understanding may further our efforts to educate health practitioners and trainees to learn and practice patient‐centred care.

Methods

A constructivist grounded theory approach with iterative data collection and analysis was used to explore the processes patients use to present and shape their stories for interactions with health practitioners. Twenty‐one patients (n = 16 female; 5 male) representing a variety of chronic illnesses participated in semi‐structured interviews. Using the constant comparative method of analysis, salient themes were ascertained.

Results

Patients engage in extensive strategic preparations for productive health encounters. From the data, we identified four related elements comprising patients’ process of planning, preparing, and strategising for health encounters: deciding to go, organising to get airtime, rehearsing a game plan, and anticipating external forces. By focusing on the extensive preparatory work patients engage in, our study expands the dimensions of how we understand illness‐related work. Assembling personal health information, gathering disease information and achieving equanimity represent the dimensions of this ‘health interaction work’.

Conclusion

The work patients engage in for health encounters is noteworthy yet often invisible. And work that is unseen may also be undervalued. Acknowledging, illuminating and valuing patients’ preparatory work for health encounters add to how we understand patient‐centred care, and this offers new targets for us to effectively teach and deliver it.
Resolving whole‐plant economics from leaf, stem and root traits of 1467 Amazonian tree species
Authors: Vleminckx Jason , Fortunel Claire , Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar , Timothy Paine C. E. , Engel Julien , Petronelli Pascal , Dourdain Aurélie K. , Guevara Juan , Béroujon Solène , Baraloto Christopher
Published: May 2021

It remains unclear how evolutionary and ecological processes have shaped the wide variety of plant life strategies, especially in highly diverse ecosystems like tropical forests. Some evidence suggests that species have diversified across a gradient of ecological strategies, with different plant tissues converging to optimize resource use across environmental gradients. Alternative hypotheses propose that species have diversified following independent selection on different tissues, resulting in a decoupling of trait syndromes across organs. To shed light on the subject, we assembled an unprecedented dataset combining 19 leaf, stem and root traits for 1467 tropical tree species inventoried across 71 0.1‐ha plots spanning broad environmental gradients in French Guiana. Nearly 50% of the overall functional heterogeneity was expressed along four orthogonal dimensions, after accounting for phylogenetic dependences among species. The first dimension related to fine root functioning, while the second and third dimensions depicted two decoupled leaf economics spectra, and the fourth dimension encompassed a wood economics spectrum. Traits involved in orthogonal functional strategies, five leaf traits in particular but also trunk bark thickness, were consistently associated with a same gradient of soil texture and nutrient availability. Root traits did not show any significant association with edaphic variation, possibly because of the prevailing influence of other factors (mycorrhizal symbiosis, phylogenetic constraints). Our study emphasises the existence of multiple functional dimensions that allow tropical tree species to optimize their performance in a given environment, bringing new insights into the debate around the presence of a whole plant economic spectrum in tropical forest tree communities. It also emphasizes the key role that soil heterogeneity plays in shaping tree species assembly. The extent to which different organs are decoupled and respond to environmental gradients may also help to improve our predictions of species distribution changes in responses to habitat modification and environmental changes.
TRAS: Validity and sensitivity of a language assessment tool for children with ASD
Authors: Hansén‐Larson Johan , Bejnö Hampus , Jägerskogh Elin , Eikeseth Svein , Klintwall Lars
Published: May 2021

Interventions for preschool children with autism typically require professionals and parents to identify which social and language skills the individual child shows deficits in. Many assessment tools aimed at identifying such deficits exist, but they often require extensive training to use. The present study investigated the potential usefulness for said assessment purposes of the Norwegian assessment tool, TRAS – “Tidig Registrering Av Språkutveckling” (i.e. Nordic acronym for assessment of early language development), which can be used by preschool teachers without any specific training. Participants were 54 children with ASD, aged 2–5 years, enrolled in a behavioral intervention program. Participants were scored using TRAS at three time points during treatment to investigate TRAS’ sensitivity for detecting change. Only participants who had TRAS scores registered at all three time points were used for this analysis (n = 27). At intake, children were also scored using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, the results of which was then compared to TRAS scores. Results showed that TRAS scores increased significantly across time points, indicating that the tool is sensitive to treatment effects. TRAS scores also correlated significantly with Vineland communication subscale (n = 50), indicating that the measure can be used to measure language abilities in children with ASD. We conclude that TRAS is a potential alternative to more comprehensive language assessment tools for children with ASD.
Reproductive justice: A radical framework for researching sexual and reproductive issues in psychology
Authors: Morison Tracy
Published: May 2021

The reproductive justice framework holds much promise for guiding research that can contribute to social change. Its limited integration and use in social psychology therefore represents a missed opportunity for justice‐oriented social researchers. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the reproductive justice framework and demonstrate its value for social psychologists studying sexual and reproductive issues. Using the example of contraceptive provision, rights‐based sexual and reproductive health research is contrasted with reproductive justice‐oriented research to demonstrate how a reproductive justice lens can extend the analytical focus to illuminate the complex roots of an issue. This is crucial for developing policy and interventions that contribute toward longer‐term systemic change and, ultimately, social transformation.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPA1*01:57 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Giustiniani Paola , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: May 2021

HLA‐DPA1*01:57 differs from DPA1*01:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 13 in exon 2.
Remittance micro‐worlds and migrant infrastructure: Circulations, disruptions, and the movement of money
Authors: Cirolia Liza Rose , Hall Suzanne , Nyamnjoh Henrietta
Published: May 2021

Remittances are increasingly central to development discourses in Africa. The development sector seeks to leverage transnational migration and rapid innovations in financial technologies (fintech), to make remittance systems cheaper for end‐users and less risky for states and companies. Critical scholarship, however, questions the techno‐fix tendency, calling for grounded research on the intersections between remittances, technologies, and everyday life in African cities and beyond. Building on this work, we deploy the concepts of “micro‐worlds” and “migrant infrastructure” to make sense of the complex networks of actors, practices, regulations, and materialities that shape remittance worlds. To ground the work, we narrate two vignettes of remittance service providers who operate in Cape Town, South Africa, serving the Congolese diaspora community. We showcase the important role of logistics companies in the “informal” provision of remittance services and the rise of fintech companies operating in the remittance space. These vignettes give substance to the messy and relational dynamics of remittance micro‐worlds. This relationality allows us to see how remittances are circulations, not unidirectional flows; how they are not split between formal and informal, but in fact intersect in blurry ways; how digital technologies are central to the story of migrant infrastructures; and how migrants themselves are compositional of these networks. In doing so, we tell a more relational story about how remittance systems are constituted and configured.
Pilot study supporting the existence of novel lymphatic channels within the canine anterior uveal tract using Lyve‐1 and CD31
Authors: Dubin Alexis , Freeman Kate S. , Charles Joseph , Ammar David A. , Ehrhart Eugene J.
Published: May 2021

Objective

To demonstrate the existence of lymphatics in the canine anterior uvea using lymphatic‐specific markers Lyve‐1, Prox‐1, and podoplanin, the endothelial cell marker CD31, and basement membrane matrix marker collagen IV.

Design

Prospective Study.

Animals

Eight normal globes from animals euthanized for unrelated health problems.

Procedures

Sagittally cut serial sections of six normal canine eyes were immunofluorescence double‐stained with Lyve‐1 and CD31 and single‐stained with colorimetric Prox‐1 and collagen IV. Three serial sections from 2 additional eyes were cut in the coronal plane at the level of the ciliary body and immunofluorescence double‐stained with Lyve‐1 and CD31 to map lymphatic channel distribution. Lymphatics from normal canine lymph nodes were used for validation of podoplanin.

Results

Four of 6 of the sagitally sectioned eyes had Lyve‐1–positive lymphatic‐like structures that were distinct from CD31‐positive blood vessels in the iris base and ciliary body. Both of the coronally sectioned globes had Lyve‐1–positive lymphatic‐like structures in the ciliary body. The location of these structures was evaluated and found to be diffusely present circumferentially around the ciliary body.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

These results support the existence of lymphatic channels in the anterior uveal tract of the canine eye. This could indicate the presence of a novel uveolymphatic outflow pathway, which may play a role in aqueous humor outflow. Future studies are needed to confirm the existence and elucidate the role of this proposed uveolymphatic outflow pathway and potentially develop novel treatment options for managing glaucoma.
On the solutions of boundary value problems
Authors: Akgül Ali , Hashemi Mir Sajjad , Seyfi Negar
Published: May 2021

We investigate the nonlinear boundary value problems by reproducing kernel Hilbert space technique in this paper. We construct some reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We define a bounded linear operator to obtain the solutions of the problems. We demonstrate our numerical results by some tables. We compare our numerical results with some results exist in the literature to present the efficiency of the proposed method.
Analysis of waveform and amplitude of mouse rod and cone flash responses
Authors: Abtout Annia , Fain Gordon , Reingruber Jürgen
Published: May 2021

Key points

Most vertebrate eyes have rod and cone photoreceptors, which use a signal transduction pathway consisting of many biological processes to transform light into an electrical response.

We dissect and quantify the contribution of each of these processes to the photoreceptor light response by using a novel method of analysis that provides an analytical solution for the entire time course of the dim‐flash light response.

We find that the shape of the light response is exclusively controlled by deactivation parameters. Activation parameters scale this shape and alter the response amplitude.

We show that the rising phase of the response depends on Ca2+ feedback, and we identify the deactivation parameters that control the recovery phase of the response.

We devise new methods to extract values for deactivation and activation parameters from a separate analysis of response shape and response amplitude.

Vertebrate eyes have rod and cone photoreceptors, which use a complex transduction pathway comprising many biological processes to transform the absorption of light into an electrical response. A fundamental question in sensory transduction is how these processes contribute to the response. To study this question, we use a well‐accepted phototransduction model, which we analyse with a novel method based on the log transform of the current. We derive an analytical solution that describes the entire time course of the photoreceptor response to dim flashes of light. We use this solution to dissect and quantify the contribution of each process to the response. We find that the entire dim‐flash response is proportional to the flash intensity. By normalizing responses to unit amplitude, we define a waveform that is independent of the light intensity and characterizes the invariant shape of dim‐flash responses. We show that this waveform is exclusively determined by deactivation rates; activation rates only scale the waveform and affect the amplitude. This analysis corrects a previous assumption that the rising phase is determined entirely by activation rates. We further show that the rising phase depends on Ca2+ feedback to the cyclase, contrary to current belief. We identify the deactivation rates that control the recovery phase of the response, and we devise new methods to extract activation and deactivation rates from an analysis of response shape and response amplitude. In summary, we provide a comprehensive understanding of how the various transduction processes produce the cellular response.
Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Forces and Course Stability of a Ship in Surf-Riding Condition Based on Planar Motion Mechanism Tests
Authors: Ma Chengqian , Ma Ning , Gu Xiechong , Feng Peiyuan
Published: May 2021

The theoretical method, or named the potential flow method, is most widely used in the research of maneuvering in waves. However, this approach used in previous studies is based on the assumption that maneuvering hydrodynamic derivatives in waves are the same as those in calm water. However, this assumption can be inaccurate, which makes the simulations different from the experimental results sometimes. Meanwhile, there are few experiments performed to investigate the hydrodynamic derivatives in waves considering the complexities of the experimental setup and data processing. There is even no systematic numerical simulation in this field. Considering the importance of the wave effect on the hydrodynamic derivatives and the advantages of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, in this study, the numerical simulations of the planar motion mechanism (PMM) tests on a containership S175 in regular waves are performed systematically for the first time. The hydrodynamic derivatives in waves of the target model are obtained by simulations in following waves, to be specific, the surf-riding condition. The surf-riding condition is chosen for separating the wave-induced component easily and researching the reason for the broaching-to phenomenon. The simulation results are validated by experimental data with satisfactory accuracy, which indicates the effectiveness of the numerical setup. The results reveal that the wave has a significant effect on hydrodynamic derivatives. The detailed changing trends and simulation methods of all hydrodynamic derivatives are proposed in this paper. Moreover, the course stability in waves is evaluated by the hydrodynamic derivatives in waves, which verifies the reason for the occurrence of the broaching-to phenomenon.
Common coding of expected value and value uncertainty memories in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia output
Authors: Ghazizadeh Ali , Hikosaka Okihide
Published: May 2021

Long-term object value and value uncertainty memories are encoded in a correlated and granular fashion in corticobasal circuitry.
Traffic noise disrupts vocal development and suppresses immune function
Authors: Brumm Henrik , Goymann Wolfgang , Derégnaucourt Sébastien , Geberzahn Nicole , Zollinger Sue Anne
Published: May 2021

Traffic noise leads to vocal learning deficits in young songbirds, the primary model for speech development in humans.
Mucosal immunity–mediated modulation of the gut microbiome by oral delivery of probiotics into Peyer’s patches
Authors: Lin Sisi , Mukherjee Subhajit , Li Juanjuan , Hou Weiliang , Pan Chao , Liu Jinyao
Published: May 2021

Methods capable of maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis to prevent bacterial translocation and infection under external threats are critical for multiple facets of human health but have been rarely reported. Here, we describe the elicitation of mucosal immunity to modulate the gut microbiota by oral delivery of living probiotics into Peyer’s patches. Probiotics are individually camouflaged within a yeast membrane, on which the embedded β-glucan can facilitate the phagocytosis of microfold cells that locate in the intestinal epithelium. The delivery of probiotics into lymphoid follicles after oral ingestion promotes robust mucosal immune responses and notably upgrades the production of secretory immunoglobulin A. The provoked immunity positively regulates the gut microflora, which, in turn, retains gut homeostasis and provides defense against environmental attacks. In two murine models of gut barrier impairment, oral administration with camouflaged probiotics effectively prevents the breakdown of intestinal barrier and evidences limited bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation.
Pathogenic variants in
SMARCA5
, a chromatin remodeler, cause a range of syndromic neurodevelopmental features
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Qin , Gong Naihua N. , Kurolap Alina , Feldman Hagit Baris , Boy Nikolas , Brugger Melanie , Grand Katheryn , McWalter Kirsty , Guillen Sacoto Maria J. , Wakeling Emma , Hurst Jane , March Michael E. , Bhoj Elizabeth J. , Nowaczyk Małgorzata J. M. , Gonzaga-Jauregui Claudia , Mathew Mariam , Dava-Wala Ashita , Siemon Amy , Bartholomew Dennis , Huang Yue , Lee Hane , Martinez-Agosto Julian A. , Schwaibold Eva M. C. , Brunet Theresa , Choukair Daniela , Pais Lynn S. , White Susan M. , Christodoulou John , Brown Dana , Lindstrom Kristin , Grebe Theresa , Tiosano Dov , Kayser Matthew S. , Tan Tiong Yang , Deardorff Matthew A. , Song Yuanquan , Hakonarson Hakon
Published: May 2021

Exome sequencing and
Drosophila
modeling revealed variants in
SMARCA5
as a novel cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Structure of the murine lysosomal multienzyme complex core
Authors: Gorelik Alexei , Illes Katalin , Hasan S. M. Naimul , Nagar Bhushan , Mazhab-Jafari Mohammad T.
Published: May 2021

The 3D structure of the complex formed by the enzymes GLB1 and CTSA furthers our understanding of lysosomal storage diseases.