bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Pancreas Procurement and Processing of Prodo Laboratories v1
Authors: Eryilmaz Giray
Published: September 2024

Human pancreas procurement and processing as described in Advances in Human Islet Processing: Manufacturing Steps to Achieve Predictable Islet Outcomes from Research Pancreases David W. Scharp, Jayagowri Arulmoli, Kelly Morgan, Hannah Sunshine, Ergeng HaoReceived: October 15, 2018; Published: February 26, 2019; doi:10.21926/obm.transplant.1901052
Use of EcoFAB 2.0 for reproducible plant-microbe interaction experiments v1
Authors: Novak Vlastimil , King Eoghan , Andeer Peter , t Northen Trent
Published: September 2024

We conducted a multi-laboratory experiment across five labs to demonstrate reproducible microbiome formation, metabolite production, and plant growth using the EcoFAB 2.0 system. This protocol provided standardized instructions for the participating labs to implement the EcoFAB 2.0 system effectively, ensuring consistency in plant-microbiome experimentation. It includes annotated videos detailing each experimental step, utilizing a model bacterial community and the model grass Brachypodium distachyon in a hydroponic EcoFAB 2.0 setup.
Genomic DNA Extraction from Sorted Cells v1
Authors: Wang Raining
Published: September 2024

This protocol details the extraction of genomic DNA from cells.
Custom Indexing for Nanopore Sequencing Platform v1
Authors: Watsa Mrinalini , Vsevolodova Kristina , Sánchez-Vendizú P. , Erkenswick Gideon
Published: September 2024

This indexing protocol details how to index greater than 96 samples using a combination of custom indices and the Native Barcoding Kit from Oxford Nanopore Technologies for sequencing on a Nanopore sequencer.
Forming the Readiness of Students to Master Military Professions in the Educational Environment of the Cadet Corps
Authors: Kodzhaspirov A.Y. , Polyakova L.V.
Published: September 2024

The article considers the problem of choosing a future profession in the context of psychological readiness for various types of activities, including military service. The authors discuss various theoretical approaches to readiness, emphasize the importance of developing readiness for military service as a key aspect of the social system. The empirical study was conducted at Cadet School No. 1784 named after Army General V.A. Matrosov. 46 students took part in the study. The comparison group consisted of students of the educational school (49 people). The following methods were used: Herzberg motivational structure test, diagnostics of interactive orientation of personality (N.P. Fetiskin), questionnaire "Military-professional motivation" (B.V. Ovchinnikov, A.F. Borovikov). The following results were obtained: awareness and motivational attention to the choice of a future profession among cadets and students of a comprehensive school are practically the same. There is a connection between the indicator "military-professional motivation" and the motivational structure and interactive orientation of cadets; The following connections were identified: with the attitude towards management, with cooperation in the team, with the motive of achieving personal success, with the content of the activity. Conclusion: since there are connections between military-professional motivation and the motivational structure and interactive orientation of cadets, it is necessary to carry out complex influences aimed at developing readiness to choose a military-professional career for students studying in the cadet corps. Key words: professional self-determination, readiness to master military professions, classification of readiness for military service, formation of readiness to choose a military profession.
Darboux Frame of Pancake Curve in Euclidean 3-Space
Authors: Öztürk Emre
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we focus on a rare curve, “The pancake curve” which was named by Robert Ferréol. We investigate the Darboux frame of the curve, and we calculate the curvatures: geodesic curvature, normal curvature, and geodesic torsion. We discuss two cases, for instance, pancake curve as an intersection of Plücker’s conoid and unit cylinder, and the intersection of a hyperbolic paraboloid and unit cylinder. Moreover, we give the relations between the Frenet and Darboux curvatures. Finally, we give some examples related to the Frenet and Darboux frame and curvatures.
Isolation and Characterization of Heat Shock Protein 70-Ipek 1 from Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Açıkalın Coşkun Kübra , Tutar Lütfi
Published: September 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is a common intracellular parasite that causes the toxoplasmosis. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have a critical role in pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis. Hsps are highly conserved proteins in evolution among living organisms. This protein family responsible for a wide range of biological processes such as protein folding, protein translocation, protein aggregation. In the present study, Hsp70, a member of the Hsp family, was isolated from T. gondii and its sequence and motifs were determined by PCR, cloning, sequencing and homology modelling analysis. ATP hydrolysis, luciferase folding, and luciferase aggregation experiments were performed for determination of its chaperone activity while the stability and secondary structure of the Hsp70 were discovered by using biophysical experiments (FTIR, florescence and quenching experiment). In addition, in silico analysis were used to determine the physicochemical characteristics of Hsp70. The results revealed that Hsp70 protein obtained from T. gondii (Hsp70-IPEK1) is similar to Hsp70s from other organisms. Also, the chaperone activity, stability and secondary structure of Hsp70-IPEK1 were determined. Hsp70-IPEK1 together with other chaperones in the presence of nucleotide were dramatically increased protein folding and aggregation. According to these results, it is thought that Hsp70 has a potential to contribute many research areas such as pharmaceutical analysis
Penggunaan kitosan sebagai pengisi dalam pembuatan sabun transparan
Authors: Ibrahim Bustami , Suptijah Pipih , Amin Hijrah
Published: September 2024

Chitosan is a natural material extracted from deacetylated chitin of crustacean shell used for many kinds of functions, not only for food but also non food product. The research objective is to find out the effect of chitosan used for filler within transparency soap to the characteristic of physical, chemical and bioeffect of end product, and to find out which concentrate of chitosan will be used for the best product. The research was divided by two steps, pre-research and main research.  Pre-research resulted that transparency soap with 5% chitosan was the best choice based on organoleptic test which was the best in toughness, and based on chemical also microbiological analyses. The soap with 5% chitosan has TPC (Total Plate Count) amount to  2.0x101, while the one without chitosan contained TPC 6.5x101. The main research showed that transparency soap with 5% chitosan has better quality compare to commercialized one.
Earthquake Sequence Simulation and Hazard Analysis in the Tianshan Orogenic Belt and Adjacent Areas
Authors: Wang Zitao , Zhang Huai , Meng Qiu
Published: September 2024

The Tianshan orogenic belt is located in central Eurasia. Its tectonic deformation and seismicity are primarily influenced by the far-field effect of the India–Eurasia collision. It is one of the regions with the most intensive seismicity in China. Understanding the mechanisms of earthquake nucleation in this region is a hot topic in the seismicity community. The numerical simulation of earthquake sequences is an efficient measure for comprehensively exploring earthquake occurrence characteristics, tectonic loading, and subsequence patterns. It is also an important method for predicting and mitigating earthquake disasters. This study utilized a finite-element model to investigate the evolution of regional historical earthquakes via the split-node method. Coulomb failure stress analyses from interactions of simulated historical earthquakes since 1900 indicate that the Taxkorgan fault may be prone to the next significant earthquake event.
Analyzing Trends in Key Financial Indicators: A Case Study on ORION Pharma Limited
Authors: Ahamed Mohammad Jafaur
Published: September 2024

This descriptive research study aims to examine the performance trends of ORION Pharma Limited within the context of its operations in Bangladesh. The study is based on secondary data extracted from annual reports spanning from FY 2018-19 to 2022-23 of the chosen company. It employs trend percentage analysis on key financial metrics derived from these reports. Firstly, the analysis focuses on fluctuations in key financial indicators of the statement of profit or loss, such as net sales revenue, gross profit, operating profit, pre-tax profit, and post-tax profit. Despite facing challenges, the company has shown resilience and adaptability, showcasing noticeable recoveries and improvements during different periods. These changes reflect ORION Pharma's responsiveness to market conditions and efforts to manage expenses efficiently. The analysis suggests opportunities for strategic expansions and profit enhancements despite occasional setbacks. Secondly, examining the trend percentage of key metrics of the statement of financial position for ORION Pharma, the study shows consistent growth in total assets, driven by expansions in both current and non-current assets. Though liabilities increased notably, total equity showed positive growth, indicating effective management and sustained profitability. In summary, ORION Pharma demonstrates strong financial performance and strategic planning, positioning it for continued growth and profitability.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF MODIFIED EXPANDED PERLITE AND PUMICE IN INORGANIC BONDED FIBROUS COMPOSITE BOARDS
Authors: Gündüz Lütfullah , Kalkan Şevket Onur
Published: September 2024

It is often stated that there is an energy efficiency difference between optimum energy use and actual energy use in the world. In the construction industry, various building materials are produced and used to optimize energy efficiency in buildings. Among these building materials, inorganic bonded fibrous composite boards, whose energy efficiency criteria have begun to be improved, are widely used both in Türkiye and in the world. This article presents an experimental analysis of the utilization of modified expanded perlite and pumice as key constituents in the development of inorganic bonded fibrous composite boards. The study investigates the influence of these modified porous materials on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite boards. For this purpose; composite mortars were produced using micronized quartz sand, a hybrid fiber consisting of cellulose and glass fiber, modified expanded perlite (MEP) with stearic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 wt.%) and modified pumice (MPU) with stearic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 wt.%). In order to make a comparison, a control mortar that did not contain modified expanded perlite and modified pumice was produced. Through a series of experiments, it is concluded that the density values of all other mixture designs with MEP and MPU aggregate additives under equivalent conditions are lower than the control sample. The water absorption values of the samples always remained below the control sample, and with the increase in the MPU ratio and decrease in the MEP ratio, the water absorption values of the samples also decreased. The average modulus of rupture (MOR) value of control sample in the analysis made after 14 days of curing under ambient conditions is 3.73 MPa. The highest MOR value of the test samples is 3.51 MPa, which is the mixture using the highest MPU. The thermal conductivity value of the control mixture is 0.352 W/mK. The thermal conductivity value of test mixtures with MEP and MPU aggregates varies between 0.175 W/mK and 0.287 W/mK.
Friend and Foe. An Analysis of Expert Advice on Educating for Data Literacy in Journalism and the Creative Industries
Authors: Hermes Joke , Berger Natalia
Published: September 2024

Analysis of practical advice in regard of developing a data literacy course for students in higher education and for early-career professionals in interviews with 56 experts in data analysis, offered an unexpected shared story among the experts around the perception, affect and power of data. By attending to what data are felt to be and do to you unintentionally, the analysis delivered a new story of how to teach for data literacy. Rather than (only) focus on formal skills, it points to how building a relationship with data may help more students and young professionals become curious, critical and engaged while recognizing the strengths and the fickleness of data sets.
Lumbar disc degenerative disease and lumbar stenosis: a correlation between the MRI findings and disability among low back pain patients using oswestry disability index in hospital Serdang, Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Faridah Hanim , Saini Suraini Mohamad , Mahmud Rozi , Bahari Norafida
Published: September 2024

Background: Low back pain is a major global disability affecting all ages and nations, costing more than coronary heart disease, diabetes, alzheimer's, and renal illnesses. Research has shown no significant correlation between MRI results and patient symptoms, highlighting the need for further investigation.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was done at Hospital Serdang. From January 2017 to December 2018, data was collected retrospectively. Secondary data came from eHIS, RIS, and PACS. The data collecting forms recorded age, race, gender, oswestry disability index score, disc prolapse, and AP/SCA measures. Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests found relationships between independent categorical variables. Pearson and Spearman's correlations determined the link between two numerical variables. We compared numerical variables, one categorical variable, and two groups using an independent T-test and a Mann-Whitney U-test. We defined statistical significance as p-value <0.05.
Results: This research covered 104 patients. Hospital Serdang sees more women than men aged 30-39 with low back pain. According to the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), patients' pain levels are most concerning and standing is most irritating. It found no correlation between MRI results (disc prolapsed and lumbar stenosis) and patient impairment (ODI score). However, patient age is significantly correlated with disc prolapse. Previous research found similar results.
Conclusions: The study confirms previous MRI findings that disc degeneration and lumbar stenosis do not correlate with patient impairments, but reveal a significant correlation between disc prolapse and patient age, possibly due to structural and anatomical differences.
Deciphering the distribution of ESKAPE pathogens in various clinical samples and its pattern of antimicrobial resistance: a study from a tertiary care center in Wayanad, Kerala
Authors: D. B. Nandhana , Murali Advaith , B. J. Deepthy
Published: September 2024

Background: ESKAPE includes 6 nosocomial pathogens which are capable of ‘escaping’ the biocidal actions of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance of ESKAPE pathogens in clinical samples is crucial for effective patient management and development of targeted treatment strategy. So, the present study was designed to investigate the distribution of ESKAPE pathogens across diverse clinical samples and to find out their prevalence in different clinical sample such as pus, sputum and urine. This provides an insight to their varied ecological niches within healthcare settings.
Methods: This was a retrospective study done at Dr. Moopen’s Medical College. A total of 6492 clinical samples were studied to isolate ESKAPE pathogens. Which included urine, sputum and pus samples.
Results: A total of n=6,492 Individual bacteria isolates were recovered from clinical specimens such as sputum (1473), urine (3710) and pus (1309) out of which n=1181 were ESKAPE pathogen. The most frequent clinical sample were pus 580 (49.12%) followed by urine 265 (22.43%) and respiratory samples 336 (28.45%). The most predominant bacteria were found to be Staphylococcus aureus (31.39%) in pus whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae in urine (40.10%) and respiratory samples (40.48%). The average age of the involved patients was approximately 74.8±16.67 years, and the range of ages in the dataset is in 1-97 years, with a gender distribution of 637 (58.28%) males and 470 (42.72%) females.
Conclusions: Our findings reveal that pus serves as a significant reservoir for ESKAPE pathogens, with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as predominant organisms.
Effect of a reverse diet kit on the regression of atherosclerosis plaque and its effect on the lipid profile in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Sane Rohit , Mandole Rahul , Amin Gurudatta , Ghadigaonkar Pravin
Published: September 2024

Background: Prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries. CAD also represents a major economic burden on health care systems and eventually creates a large gap in the quality of care associated with the disease.
Methods: To study ayurveda based disease and symptoms modifying therapy (Dietary modification and panchakarma therapy) to reduce symptoms of CHF and IHD and focus on reduction of total atheroma volume (TAV); plaque burden by a scientifically designed kit (Reverse diet kit) by Madhavbaug using a pre and post-test experimental design for patients with CAD.
Results: At the end of 90 days, a coronary CT angiogram revealed that TAV decreased significantly by 71.76 mm3 in post-intervention plaque volume compared with baseline in the three major epicardial branches of the coronary artery.
Conclusions: The data provided relevant real-world evidence that the ‘Reverse Diet Kit’ can modulate coronary artery plaque deposition by reducing lipid infiltration within the coronary plaque and may lead to disease reversal wherein panchakarma therapy enabled symptom management and helped improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD.
Medicinal plants used to induce abortion in India-a systematic review
Authors: Sharma Pramod Parasharam , Kature Shilpa Kashinath , Sharma Sakshi Promod
Published: September 2024

Traditional practice of use of plant resources for treating various human diseases have played foremost role throughout the world. Several plants have been tested for their activity through pharmacological studies. The use of plants to induce abortion which have been practiced in different regions of India. And still today the people or communities reside in remote and distant places are mostly rely upon the plants to induce abortion. Even after a advancement in allopathic medicine, the belief still strong towards plant medicines due to its side effects. In present review 50 research publications are considered which include total 136 plants. While plant part/s used for preparation of formulations, 99 underground parts, 49 medicinal preparations made by using leaf, fruit 35, whole plant 25, bark 13, stem 11, stembark 4, flower 8 and 3 by using aerial parts. Most used method of preparation was paste, 112 formulations, which is followed by extract 59 and decoction 38. While mode of administration is concerned, 272 formulations are given orally, 25 formulations are prescribed internally and 7 for external applications.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in intrahepatic gallbladder: a case report
Authors: González Yazmin G. , Hernandez Reyger G. , Cen Cristina Uxul
Published: September 2024

Variations in the location of the gallbladder are absence of the gallbladder, location on the left side, intrahepatic (the most common located in the right hepatic lobe) and mobile gallbladder, these anomalies increase the risk of gallstone formation. 22-year-old female, presents symptoms of diffuse abdominal colic pain in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium exacerbated by the consumption of cholecystokinetic foods, physical examination without alterations, laboratories without alterations, ultrasound of the liver and bile ducts reports a gallbladder of small diameters. and presence of lithiasis, subtotal cholecystectomy was performed laparoscopically, leaving the transhepatic segment and resecting supra- and infra-vesicular portions. The intrahepatic vesicle is an anomaly in vesicular development and migration in embryogenesis. This anomaly increases the predisposition to stone formation due to alteration in vesicular motility secondary to incomplete emptying. Since there are no clinical or paraclinical changes, it tends to be underdiagnosed and becomes a challenge for the clinician. The infra and suprahepatic portion was dissected, the intrahepatic portion was not resected, where no complications occurred and it evolved from satisfactorily in subsequent appointments.
Rosuvastatin induced pruritus and dizziness: a case report
Authors: Rohra Divya J. , Lazarevic Milenko
Published: September 2024

Drug-associated adverse reactions can manifest with a wide range of symptoms. Some are widely reported, while others are less commonly observed. This case report describes a 36-year-old woman who was prescribed rosuvastatin to manage her elevated triglyceride levels and experienced adverse effects like pruritus and dizziness within ten days of starting the medication. After discontinuing rosuvastatin, her dizziness resolved immediately, and the pruritus diminished over the following two weeks, eventually subsiding completely. This case underscores the importance of considering Rosuvastatin-related adverse effects when evaluating patients with similar complaints.
High-grade cervical leiomyosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Rosas Ortega Pricilla Iliana , Beltrán Serrano Erik , Leal Chigo Miguel Angel , Bermudez Ruiz Judith Del Rosario , Vazquez Sánchez Victor Adrian , Tirado Ambrossi Marcos Arturo
Published: September 2024

Cervical leiomyosarcomas represent less than 1% of all malignant cervical neoplasms, predominantly affecting perimenopausal women, with an average age of diagnosis at 46 years. This article presents a case involving a 45-year-old female patient admitted to the gynecology department due to pyelonephritis. During initial evaluation, a cervical tumor was incidentally discovered. Histopathological analysis revealed findings consistent with high-grade leiomyosarcoma, not otherwise specified (NOS). The patient underwent surgical intervention, which included sigmoid resection, type III Piver hysterectomy, mechanical side-to-side colorectal anastomosis, appendectomy, placement of JJ stents, and terminal ureterovesical anastomosis. Leiomyosarcomas are associated with a poor prognosis, even when diagnosed at an early stage. The most prevalent symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment modality for this condition, with the objective of achieving an R0 resection, which entails the complete removal of the tumor.
Revision of total hip arthroplasty using dual mobility acetabular cup as treatment of recurrent hip dislocation following total hip arthroplasty: a case report
Authors: Daniati Sonia , Dusak I. Wayan Suryanto
Published: September 2024

One of the most common causes of revision surgery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is dislocation. We present a recurrent case of hip dislocation following THA treated with dual mobility cup. Treated with total hip arthroplasty in another hospital in January 2024. Following the first surgery he suffered from a first event of hip dislocation in February 2024, managed with open reduction. One week following the open reduction, the hip became dislocated again and was treated with closed reduction. Two months later he was referred to our center with recurrent posterior right hip dislocation. Revision surgery was performed, using dual mobility acetabular cup. Intraoperative evaluation showed adequate stability and limb length was acceptable. Partial weight-bearing and active range of motion exercise was initiated following the surgery. Dual mobility acetabular cup reduces rate of dislocation and has satisfactory mid-term outcome.
Scalp reconstruction using triple rotation flap and reverse posterior tibial flap for lower limb reconstruction in electric burn patient: a case report
Authors: Covarrubias Eli Esaú Aguiñaga , Ignacio Ayala Ezequiel Salcedo , Flores Rubén Olivas , Flemate Sergio Jacobo , Domínguez Briones Kassandra Rubí , Vázquez Rogelio Romero , Valdez Francisco Barranco , Coronado Esquivel Obed Asoid
Published: September 2024

A 16-year-old male presented with a high-voltage electrical burn affecting the scalp, resulting in a 25 cm x 10 cm lesion, and third-degree burns on the right fifth toe and the base of the left first metatarsal. Initial management included a medial plantar flap for the pelvic limb injury, but perfusion failure led to the use of a reverse posterior tibial flap for coverage, along with a split-thickness skin graft. For the scalp injury, a triple rotation flap technique achieved adequate coverage. Four-day postoperative follow-up showed successful perfusion of the reverse tibial flap without complications, highlighting the challenges and need for adaptive surgical strategies in managing high-voltage electrical burns.
Breath of hope: unravelling isolated respiratory paralysis through anti musk positive myasthenia gravis
Authors: Hirolikar Rushikesh , Khandait Vinod , Bhole Pragati , Jajoo Yash
Published: September 2024

Isolated respiratory paralysis is a rare and perplexing clinical presentation that demands an astute diagnostic investigation. We present a case of 28-year-old woman who presented with sudden onset severe respiratory distress, with no overt signs of generalized muscle weakness, no cranial nerve dysfunction, or any other focal neurological deficit. The initial clinical scenario posed a diagnostic challenge, as the absence of typical myasthenia gravis features led to a myriad of differential considerations. However, through meticulous clinical evaluation, neurophysiological studies, and antibody testing, we unraveled the underlying cause-MuSK positive Myasthenia gravis. Unlike the more common acetylcholine receptor (AchR) positive MG, MuSK positive MG often presents with isolated respiratory involvement posing diagnostic hurdles. Though patient eventually succumbed owing to ventilator associated pneumonia and sepsis, this case exemplifies the necessity of a comprehensive diagnostic approach, even in the face of uncommon presentations, and underscores the importance of tailored therapeutic strategies in improving patient outcomes.
Integrated approach to managing hypertension, diabetes, and reduced GLS: a case study of ayurvedic panchakarma therapies and lifestyle modification
Authors: Thilkan Kavitha , Kulthe Nilesh , Ghadigaonkar Pravin
Published: September 2024

Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and reduced GLS Score are prevalent cardiovascular conditions posing significant health risks. Conventional treatments often fall short in managing these conditions comprehensively, necessitating exploration of alternative approaches. This case study examines the efficacy of Ayurvedic Panchakarma therapies and lifestyle modifications in managing hypertension, diabetes, and reduced GLS Score. A 62-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism, unresponsive to conventional medications, underwent a 7-month treatment regimen. The intervention included Panchakarma treatments and a gobipi diet box, characterized by low carbohydrates and fats, high protein, and rich potassium, along with a 1000-calorie per day diet. It is showed that the diet led to significant improvements: hypertension was reversed, weight was reduced, and lipid profiles improved. The patient's glucose tolerance test (GTT) turned negative, indicating diabetes reversal. The comprehensive approach also addressed metabolic syndrome components, including dyslipidemia and thyroid dysfunction. Ayurvedic treatments proved effective in managing the patient's cardiovascular conditions. Weight loss and hypertension correction contributed to significant cardiac improvements, including enhanced GLS. Additionally, the normalization of diabetes and thyroid levels, along with improved lipid profiles, underscored the efficacy of integrating Panchakarma therapies with lifestyle modifications for comprehensive cardiovascular health management.
Ischemic stroke following reversal of dabigatran with idarucizumab in spontaneous subdural hematoma in cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Santhosh Thanisha , Krishnan Pramod , Anusha Donti R. , Acharya Ullas V. , Kalashetty Mallikarjun
Published: September 2024

Spontaneous subdural hematomas (SDH) are an unusual but potentially devastating complication of oral anticoagulation. Emergency management of subdural hematomas following oral anticoagulant therapy consists of reversal of anticoagulation coupled with surgical evacuation, if indicated. However, the question of reintroducing anticoagulants is a conundrum faced by clinicians. Clinical equipoise remains divergent among neurologists and literature guiding them is sparse. We report a case of spontaneous acute SDH in a middle-aged woman receiving dabigatran for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Dabigatran reversal was achieved with idarucizumab and burr hole evacuation of the SDH was performed successfully. However, the patient suffered left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory ischemic stroke during this period, which appears to be a result of reversal of anticoagulant effect of dabigatran by idarucizumab. With this case report, we seek to highlight this rare complication of dabigatran therapy in CVT, the effectiveness of idarucizumab in reversing dabigatran action and the risks of interruption of dabigatran therapy with idarucizumab.
Not-so-walking pneumonia: challenges in managing mycoplasma complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a young female
Authors: Bharadwaj Sanket P. , Sharma Rachit , Patel Yatri S. , Shah Dhruvi A. , Marwah Aneeket T.
Published: September 2024

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Eaton agent) is a leading cause of atypical community-acquired pneumonia and can present with serious complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute respiratory failure and a variety of extrapulmonary manifestations including significant hemolysis. In this case report, we describe a case of a 17-year-old female with Mycoplasma pneumonia accompanied by major complications including hemolysis and possible macrolide resistance and explore the clinical obstacles faced in its diagnosis and treatment. The patient presented to the emergency room with a 10-day history of high-grade fever, coryza and dry cough with worsening dyspnea and palpitations since one day. Along with routine hematological and radiological workup, molecular and serological investigations confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was managed by a multidisciplinary team and had a prolonged hospital stay. She was primarily managed with antibiotics followed by glucocorticoids. She was discharged with oral prednisolone in tapering doses and showed a favorable recovery on follow-up. This case highlights the importance of including Mycoplasma in the differential diagnosis for a young adult with pneumonia and extrapulmonary manifestations especially in cases of non-responsiveness to conventional beta lactam therapy. Macrolide resistant M. pneumoniae strains have increasingly become prevalent in Asia. The case also emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis and prompt intervention to reduce complications and aid quick recovery.
Tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism and 5HT transporter gene promoter region polymorphism in anxiety and depressive disorder-comprehensive literature review
Authors: Mushtaq Raheel
Published: September 2024

Anxiety and depressive disorders are multifactorial conditions influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Research has highlighted the role of genetic polymorphisms, particularly in the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and serotonin transporter or 5-HTT (5-hydroxy tryptamine transporter), which regulate serotonin, a key neurotransmitter in mood regulation. Polymorphisms in TPH1 and TPH2, enzymes involved in serotonin biosynthesis, have been linked to depression and anxiety, though findings are inconsistent. While certain TPH1 polymorphisms, like T27224C, may offer protection, TPH2 variants, such as rs1386494, have been associated with major depression in specific populations. The 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region shows varying associations with anxiety and depressive disorders. The short (S) allele of 5-is associated with reduced serotonin uptake, higher neuroticism, and increased risk for anxiety and depression, particularly when combined with stressful life events. However, gene-environment interactions and population differences complicate these associations, as treatment responses vary across different genotypes. Despite the inconclusive results, these studies underscore the importance of serotonergic genes in mood disorders, emphasizing the need for further research into genetic, environmental, and psychological interactions to improve understanding and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders.
Sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Pauliana  , Suryana Ketut , Schoeck Heinz P. G.
Published: September 2024

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that can be manifested as non-caseating granulomas, predominantly in the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Pulmonary hypertension is known as one of the complications of sarcoidosis and is associated with increased mortality. The incidence of sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension (SAPH) varies between 5 to 20% and the prevalence is unknown. SAPH is classified as group V because of its multifactorial mechanism, it can be caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension, sarcoid cardiomyopathy, hypoxia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension disease, and other mechanism like thoracic lymphadenopathy and fibrosing mediastinal, and increasing pulmonary vasoreactivity. SAPH patients have worsening dyspnea or sometimes signs of right-sided heart failure. Patients with SAPH reduced in pulmonary function test (6-minute walk distance (6MWD), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), another test can be done are chest X-ray, high-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) scan, echocardiography, and right heart catheterization (RHC) as gold standard. The optimal management strategy for pulmonary hypertension associated with sarcoidosis is still unknown. The treatment involved in use of supplemental oxygen, systemic anti-inflammatory medication, pulmonary vasodilators, prostacyclin, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors even lung transplantation. SAPH is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with SAPH have 7-fold increase in risk for all-cause mortality when compare to sarcoidosis patients without PH, even when adjusted for age and pulmonary function.
Irritable bowel syndrome: expert guidance on diagnosis and management of challenging cases
Authors: Chaudhuri Sujit
Published: September 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal condition that affects a large proportion of the world's population. The diagnostic complications caused by the lack of unambiguous biomarkers, symptom overlap with other gastrointestinal illnesses, and heterogeneity within IBS subtypes are discussed. The article delves into the diverse pathophysiology of IBS and associated conditions such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), mental disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), highlighting the importance of the gut-brain axis and microbiome dysbiosis. Pain management options for IBS are discussed, including biofeedback therapy, dietary changes, antispasmodic medicines, and new therapies. Experts from India provided their recommendations on the need for a multidisciplinary approach towards management of IBS, with a view to achieving improvement in quality of life for individuals grappling with this complex disorder.
A clinical study on evaluation of risk factors and visual outcome after phacoemulsification in presenile cataract patients
Authors: D Almeida Sheryl , Mohan Gayathi , Salimath Sangameshwarayya
Published: September 2024

To evaluate the risk factors, types of pre senile cataract and to assess the visual outcome after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in pre senile cataract.

This was a hospital based cross sectional study of 90 patients who presented to Ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary care hospital and was diagnosed to have pre senile cataract. The study was done from June 2020 to November 2021. Patients who gave written informed consent were included in the study. Detailed history was taken regarding the age, gender, risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, myopia, occupation, smoking, corticosteroid use, dermatological disease etc. All the patients were subjected to routine ophthalmological evaluation. All the patients underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Visual acuity was noted before and after the surgery. The risk factors for pre senile cataract and visual acuity before and after cataract surgery was statistically analysed.

Out of 90 patients included in the study, 60% were females Mean age at presentation was 42.94 ±5.93 years. Most common cause of pre senile cataract was diabetes mellitus (42.2%) followed by tobacco consumption (20%) and dermatological diseases (15.6%). Posterior subcapsular cataract was the most common type of cataract seen among young population and it has been significantly associated with diabetes mellitus. 87.8% had a best corrected visual acuity of 6/6-6/9 after phacoemulsification surgery.

In this study diabetes mellitus and tobacco consumption are the two strongest modifiable risk factors for cataractogenesis in younger working population which is mainly because of the lifestyle changes. Majority of the patients attained a good visual acuity post phacoemulsification and IOL implantation surgery.
A comparative study on the phaco time and corneal endothelial count in phacoemulsification using the stop & chop and divide & conquer techniques in Indian eyes
Authors: Gnaneswaran Premnath , Arunachalam Muthusundari , Chokkalingam Shankar , Matheen Adnan , Bravian Shinisha Paul
Published: September 2024

Cataract, a leading cause of curable blindness requires surgical management. Endothelium which is crucial for corneal transparency gets injured during intraocular surgeries like phacoemulsification. Various studies have compared the impact of different techniques of phacoemulsification on endothelium. But few studies conclude that Phaco time & endothelial loss is lesser in Stop & Chop than Divide & Conquer technique.

An Interventional study involving 30 eyes in Group A (Stop & Chop) and 30 in Group B (Divide & Conquer) with Nuclear sclerosis grade II and III, excluding any pre-existing corneal diseases and Glaucoma was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. All pre-operative parameters were similar in both groups. Post-operative values of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra ocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness (CCT), Absolute Phaco time were recorded. Data entered in Excel sheets and analysed with SPSS. Paired, Unpaired t tests were used. P value <0.05 was statistically significant.

Mean Absolute Phaco time for Group A was shorter (25.10±10.54 s) than that for Group B (44.20± 6.94 s) with statistical significance (p<0.05). Mean cell loss & changes in endothelium were higher in Group B than Group A (p<0.05).

Absolute Phaco time was shorter in Stop & Chop than Divide & conquer as well as the corneal endothelial damage and changes were lesser in Group A. Hence Stop & Chop technique of phacoemulsification is recommended for less corneal morbidity.
The effect of travoprost on subfoveal choroidal thickness in primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Guliani Neha Chawla , Abrol Sangeeta , Vemparala Rajshekhar , Guliani Brahm Prakash
Published: September 2024

Toassess the effect of topical travoprost on subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Primary open glaucoma patients. The choroidal thickness, a sign of ocular blood flow can be altered by prostaglandin analogues. Hence this study was done to analyse the choroidal thickness after travoprost therapy.

: This Prospective, interventional study included 41 eyes of treatment naive POAG patients. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured at first visit and after 3 months of topical travoprost therapy by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT). The measurements were compared before starting the treatment and after 3 months of treatment with travoprost therapy.

The mean choroidal thickness pre-treatment was 296.73 ± 28.07 mm post treatment was 311.56 ± 33.38 µm. The mean difference in choroidal thickness between pre-treatment and post-treatment was found to be 14.8 ±15.1 µm with median value(IQR) of 8 (3 - 30) µm (p-value< 0.00) which was statistically significant.

Thecurrent study showed that Subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT) changes with travoprost therapy.
Contact lens, case and solution related microbiological evaluation in health care workers and medical students
Authors: Mudduveerappa Bindumalini , Ravikumar Sujatha S , Mane Shreyanka Prakash , Bharadwaj Utkarsha , Ananth Tejashree
Published: September 2024

: To assess the microbial contamination in different types of contact lenses, their storage case, and lens case solutions of healthcare workers

: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted over 2 months. 100 contact lenses, their cases, and case solutions were collected from 50 healthcare professionals and students. Individuals filled out a  questionnaire on the duration of use, care, and compliance. The samples were subjected to gram staining, KOH mount, and culture with blood and potato dextrose agar.

: Out of the 300 collected samples, 30 lenses, 30 lens cases, and 6 lens care solutions showed positive growth. Among these 100 lenses and lens cases, 56 yielded bacterial growth and 4 fungal growth. Predominant bacteria isolated from lenses, lens cases, and their lens care solutions were followed by . 4 lenses and lens cases showed candida albicans. Polymicrobial growth was observed in 2 contact lenses. were isolated from only lenses, and cases, and not solutions.

Most of the healthcare workers followed the recommended lens care regimen. The most common organism isolated was followed by , and with few showing the presence of . A similar profile was also noted in the general population. From observations made in our study and similar studies, care on lens case and lens solution hygiene must be emphasized.
Ethambutol induced optic neuropathy: A remerging ocular emergency needing strict vigilance and screening
Authors: Dahiya Monika , Rathi Manisha , Dua Mohit , Sachdeva Sumit , Dabas Ruchi
Published: September 2024

: To investigate the clinical manifestations and incidence of ethambutol induced optic neuropathy (EON) and identify its risk factors.

: A cross sectional, hospital based observational study was conducted in 100 patients, who were on anti-tubercular drugs (ATT) and complained of diminution of vision. The following data was collected in every patient regarding age, gender, co-morbid conditions, clinical manifestation of (tuberculosis)TB, duration and dose of ethambutol. Complete ophthalmic examination was conducted in every patient including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), fundus examination, visual field analysis and OCT RNFL & GCL. Statistical analysis of the data was done and represented suitably using appropriate statistical tests that included Chi Square test for checking associations and T test for comparing quantitative data with the help of SPSS ver. 26.0 software. All p-values reported were two sided and a value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

:Out of 100 patients, only 18 patients were diagnosed with EON and calculated incidence was 1.8%. The most common presenting feature of EON was bilateral diminution of vision (89%) followed by abnormal color vision (11%). On examination, RAPD was seen in 40% cases because of asymmetrical optic nerve involvement and disc abnormality was present in 66% cases. The duration and dose of ethambutol medication, advanced age (>65 years), hypertension, chronic smoking and presence of renal dysfunction were shown to be positively correlated with EON development.

:At present, there is no effective treatment for EON except supplementation of zinc, copper, methylcobalamine and pyridoxine. Therefore, early detection and discontinuation of ethambutol is only way to prevent permanent loss of vision, as in early stage it is reversible.
Study on association of dry eye disease (DED) with visual display terminal (VDT) use among medical college students
Authors: Damarla Nirupama , Reddy Tadisina Sanjay , Linga Prathima , Bommisetti Hymavathi , Reddy Satyanarayana
Published: September 2024

To study the prevalence of Dry Eye Disease (DED) among undergraduate medical students using Visual Display Terminal (VDT).

: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 444 students at Medical college Hospital in the department of Ophthalmology. All the consented study participants, after ruling out the exclusion criterion, underwent dry eye workup which included routine slit lamp examination and Tear film break up time (TBUT). In this study, TBUT ≤ 10 seconds was considered abnormal. They were asked to fill out an OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire (Allergen Inc, Irvine, Calif, USA). The participants were asked to answer questions related to VDT use. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software (IBM).

Based on the OSDI questionnaire, clinically significant DED was found in 28.8%. DED was classified as mild DED in 17.1%, moderate DED in 6.3% and severe DED in 5.4% of the participants. Among those with DED, VDT use was 2 to 4 hours in 29% of the participants, VDT > 4 hours was seen in 32.7% of participants. Thereby, indicating that increase in VDT use had an association with increase in prevalence of DED. DED based on signs (TBUT< or = 5 sec) was observed in 86.3% of participants.

: There is a statistically significant association between VDT use and DED among young students.
A case series on small incision cataract surgery + PMMA IOL with primary posterior capsulorrhexis: A safe and cheaper alternative in management of pediatric cataracts
Authors: Deb Shibashis , Nath Hazarika Himanto , Chaliha Hazarika Suranjana , Gayan Parthasarathi , Rani Garima
Published: September 2024

Pediatric cataracts, a significant cause of childhood blindness, present pronounced challenges in low-income countries where conventional phacoemulsification with hydrophobic foldable IOLs may be economically unfeasible. In resource-limited settings, the conventional method of employing phacoemulsification with hydrophobic foldable IOLs is often impractical. This case series explores an economically pragmatic alternative, centering on Small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) paired with rigid polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs). This study delves into the visual outcomes of SICS with in-the-bag PMMA IOLs, Primary Posterior Capsulorrhexis (PPC), and anterior vitrectomy to mitigate Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) formation in the Visual Axis (VA). The evaluation, conducted at specific postoperative intervals spanning from Post-op Day 01 to the 6th month, provides a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy and safety of this approach. Findings underscore PMMA IOLs as both durable and cost-effective substitutes, with an emphasis on SICS with PPC as a reliable technique for cataract removal. This research delivers a practical solution to enhance visual outcomes, tackling the distinct challenges confronted in resource-limited settings and contributing to the broader global endeavor to alleviate preventable childhood blindness.