bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Eating Disorders and the Narrative Self: An Intimate Partner Violence Comparison
Authors: Milstead Kaitlyn , Story Megan , Pickens Jaclyn Cravens , Morrow Ebony
Published: November 2022

Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with significant psychiatric and medical morbidity and carry unique challenges for treatment providers. An ED can become powerful to the point that it controls every aspect of the individual, and these patterns of control can be seen as similar to interactions observed within an intimate partner violence (IPV) relationship. This paper examines the literature on EDs and IPV and attempts to answer two research questions: (1) Does the ED–narrative self relationship share similarities to the victim–perpetrator relationship in IPV relationships? (2) Do individuals living with an ED report themes related to IPV in their discussion of the recovery process? Utilising a phenomenological analysis, online data from individuals living with an ED are analysed. The researchers find three themes and 10 subthemes that reveal similarities between EDs and the narrative self and the perpetrator and victim in IPV relationships. Clinical implications and future research recommendations are discussed.
Study of hybrid isocyanate and high‐mono‐hydroxymethyl urea content urea‐formaldehyde resins
Authors: Han Chenyu , Luo Zhengmei , Su Xinlong , Chen Yanhua , Yang Zhaojin , Mao An , Lei Hong , Zhou Xiaojian , Wan Hui , Du Guanben
Published: November 2022

Based on the difference in the reaction rate of different groups of urea‐formaldehyde resins and isocyanate resins, this study designed two different urea‐formaldehyde resins: a normal urea‐formaldehyde resin (UF) and one with high mono‐hydroxymethylurea content (UF*) to react with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) resin. The difference in mono‐ and di‐hydroxymethyl urea content between UF and UF* resins was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and results showed that the mono‐hydroxymethyl urea content of the UF* resin was much higher than that of the conventional UF resin. The fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis of differences between UF* and UF resin showed that the UF* process did not change the main structure of the conventional urea formaldehyde resin. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed that the curing temperature of the hybrid UF*‐pMDI resin was reduced 27.3°C compared to that of the UF‐pMDI resin. When these hybrid resins were used to bond plywood respectively, test results showed that the UF*‐pMDI resin improved the dry and wet bonding strength by 2.6% and 3.9%, respectively, compared with the UF‐pMDI resin under the condition of hot pressing time (3 min) and temperature (140°C), meeting the requirement of Chinese standard of GB/T 9846–2015 for Class III board. This study provides a new path for further improving the performance and design of hybrid resins based on isocyanate and urea‐formaldehyde resin.
Oxidative stabilization of pitch‐polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers electrospun by incorporating high‐percentage inexpensive pitch
Authors: Tang Wanlian , Chen Ziyin , Zuo Xiaohua , Yuan Guanming , Cui Zhengwei , Dong Zhijun , Cong Ye , Zhang Jiang , Li Xuanke
Published: November 2022

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based composite nanofibers incorporated with high‐percentage inexpensive pitch were successfully prepared by a simple electrospinning technique. Low‐softening‐point naphthalene pitch (NP) has the merit of high solubility but inevitably brings about preoxidation problem. Thus the influence of different preoxidation strategies on the morphology, composition, and structure of composite nanofibers was systematically investigated. The results show that there exists a ternary phase diagram consisting of PAN‐pitch‐solvent and a suitable apparent viscosity of homogeneous solution, which favors the smooth electrospinning and good adjustment for the diameter of carbon nanofibers (100–500 nm). The crystallinity, crystalline order, and electrical conduction of composite nanofibers are enhanced by incorporating graphitizable NP, for example, the electrical resistance of 50% NP‐PAN composite nanofiber films after 800°C carbonization decreases about 30%. Both increasing the oxidation temperature and extending the oxidation time are beneficial to the oxidative stabilization of composite nanofibers with a suitable NP percentage below 50%. Gradient heating (240–340°C) and pressurized (0.08 MPa) preoxidations could accelerate the oxidative stabilization of composite nanofibers with a high NP percentage up to 110% and significantly shorten the oxidation time by half. Therefore, this study paves the road for facile preparation of cost‐competitive carbon nanofibers with controllable morphology, structure, and properties.
Einfamilienhaus? Du darfst – Die Typologie des kompakten Hofhauses ermöglicht private Wohnformen auf eigenem Grund bei hoher urbaner Dichte
Authors: Bonfig Peter , Dehlinger Christian , Cremers Jan
Published: November 2022

Das sog. kompakte Hofhaus wurde als neuartiger Hofhaustyp an der Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart (HFT) entwickelt und untersucht. Zu Quartieren addiert stellt er den Bewohnern bei geringem Landverbrauch urbane Lebensräume zur Verfügung und kann hohe Dichte, Diversität von Nutzung sowie ein hohes Maß an Privatheit und Wohnqualität in Innen‐ wie Außenräumen miteinander vereinen – in Neubau‐ wie in Bestandsituationen. Definitionsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass nicht einsehbare Höfe/Außenräume als ausschließlich private Nutzflächen in die Gebäudestruktur integriert werden (anstelle von exponierten Abstandsflächen mit geringerem Nutzwert außerhalb des Gebäudes) und über diese Bereiche auch die Belichtung und die Belüftung erfolgen können. Innen‐ und Außenräume können so zu einem geschützten und eng miteinander verzahnten Lebensraum verschmelzen. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse der seit 2017 laufenden DFG‐geförderten interdisziplinären Forschungsarbeit weisen mit einer umfangreichen Typologie, allgemeingültigen Lösungsstrategien und vielen Einzeluntersuchungen nach, dass dieser Ansatz bereits auf ungewöhnlich kleinen Parzellen (ca. 60–200 m2) unterschiedlicher Proportion mit bis zu fünfgeschossigen Gebäuden für eine oder mehrere Parteien funktioniert. Einige der aus verschiedenen Grundtypen hervorgehenden Varianten eignen sich als Einfamilienhäuser auf eigenem Grund und können so diese von der Mehrheit angestrebte Wohnform in einem nachhaltigen urbanen Umfeld hoher Dichte und Heterogenität ermöglichen.
Bariatric surgery is expensive but improves co-morbidity: 5-year assessment of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wu T , Wong S K H , Law B T T , Grieve E , Wu O , Tong D K H , Leung D K W , Ng E K W , Lam C L K , Wong C K H
Published: November 2022

Background

Bariatric surgery can be effective in weight reduction and diabetes remission in some patients, but is expensive. The costs of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were explored here.

Methods

Population-based retrospectively gathered data on patients with obesity and T2DM from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (2006–2017) were evaluated. Direct medical costs from baseline up to 60 months were calculated based on the frequency of healthcare service utilization and dispensing of diabetes medication. Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI) scores and co-morbidity rates were measured to compare changes in co-morbidities between surgically treated and control groups over 5 years. One-to-five propensity score matching was applied.

Results

Overall, 401 eligible surgical patients were matched with 1894 non-surgical patients. Direct medical costs were much higher for surgical than non-surgical patients in the index year (€36 752 and €5788 respectively; P < 0·001) mainly owing to the bariatric procedure. The 5-year cumulative costs incurred by surgical patients were also higher (€54 135 versus €28 603; P < 0·001). Although patients who had bariatric surgery had more visits to outpatient and allied health professionals than those who did not across the 5-year period, surgical patients had shorter length of stay in hospitals than non-surgical patients in year 2-5. Surgical patients had significantly better CCI scores than controls after the baseline measurement (mean 3·82 versus 4·38 at 5 years; P = 0·016). Costs of glucose-lowering medications were similar between two groups, except that surgical patients had significantly lower costs of glucose-lowering medications in year 2 (€973 versus €1395; P = 0.012).

Conclusion

Bariatric surgery in obese patients with T2DM is expensive, but leads to an improved co-morbidity profile, and reduced length of hospitalization.
Indonesia toward sustainable agriculture – Do technology‐based start‐ups play a crucial role?
Authors: Prihadyanti Dian , Aziz Subkhi Abdul
Published: November 2022

This paper explores the role of technology‐based start‐ups in supporting the implementation of sustainable agriculture (SA) practices in Indonesia. Through a qualitative multiple‐case studies research strategy, this research identifies several roles of start‐ups in implementing SA. The start‐ups create sustainable archetypes mainly for the economic and social aspects, but not all of them penetrate the environmental side. Start‐ups can contribute to the agricultural system in three ways: (1) focus on solving fundamental problems, (2) focus on solving fundamental problems and providing strategic solutions, and; (3) focus on providing advanced solutions. In the implementation mechanism, the start‐ups experienced various risks from the natural environment, the internal environment, or other actors—especially producers—due to dependencies. The disappearance of start‐ups from the agriculture system or the inhibition of their business can reduce or hinder the implementation of SA practices. Regarding the debate concerning the necessity of government support for start‐ups to achieve sustainability, this paper argues that government support is still needed in a situational just‐in‐time manner.
Anesthesia for mandibular yolk sac tumor in children after radiotherapy and chemotherapy: A case report
Authors: Zhang Shuiting , Wen Liang , Zou Hui , Liu Shaosan , Dai Ruping
Published: November 2022

Yolk sac tumor (YST), also known as endodermal sinus tumor, is a malignant germ cell tumor that usually affects children aged >3 years. It is commonly observed in the gonadal sites (testis or ovary) but is extremely rare in the mandibular regions. This study describes the anesthesia process for spontaneous ventilation bronchoscope intubation in the rare case of a 7‐year‐old child with extragonadal primary YST of the face, refractory to radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Successful treatment of persistent and severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a high‐risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient using Ronapreve™ antibodies
Authors: Seganfredo Fernanda Braga , Dias Ana Raquel , Santos Pedro R. , Rebelo Marta , João Cristina , Mendes Dina , Carmo Eduarda
Published: November 2022

Patients with lymphoproliferative diseases are at an increased risk of an incomplete immune response following vaccination or SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and might develop persistent viral infection and severe COVID‐19 disease. We present a case of successful treatment of persistent and mechanical‐ventilation‐requiring SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a del17+ CLL patient using exogenous antibodies.
The influence of teaching philosophy on coverage of LGBTQ issues in counseling courses
Authors: Moe Jeff , Pope Amber , Dominguez Vanessa , Kemer Gulsah
Published: November 2022

Counselor educators (N = 205) were surveyed on their teaching philosophy, coverage of LGBTQ issues in counseling courses, participant characteristics, and LGBTQ clinical skill using web‐based methods. Regression analysis identified that rating adult education as important predicted coverage of LGBTQ issues. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Hepatic‐Targeted Nano‐enzyme with Resveratrol Loading for Precise Relief of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Tong Yili , Yu Xiaofeng , Huang Yiqin , Zhang Ziyan , Mi Lin , Bao Zhijun
Published: November 2022

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by massive lipid deposition in hepatocytes and is often associated with hepatic inflammation and other severe metabolic syndromes. The intervention of NASH can prevent its further progression into hepatocarcinoma. In this study we have successfully constructed liver‐targeted Ce‐based hollow mesoporous nanocarriers loaded with bioactive drugs. This may provide an effective approach for eliminating NASH. Liver‐section‐specific targeting was realized by covalently linked galactose (Gal), which can be specifically recognized by receptors in the membranes of hepatocytes. Meanwhile, resveratrol (Res), a drug used to treat NASH, was efficiently loaded into the pores and cavity of CeO2 (Res@H−CeO2−Gal). In steatotic HepG2 cells (free fatty acid induction), this nanosystem was found to enhance cellular Res internalization for improved anti‐lipogenesis activity. In mice with NASH, Res@H−CeO2−Gal increased Res delivery to liver sections for a reduction in lipid accumulation and enhanced anti‐inflammatory activity from the antioxidant capacity of Ce‐based nanocarriers. This effectively recovered NASH mice to the normal state. These findings show that the hepatic targeting and Res delivery nanoplatform could act as a safe and promising strategy for the elimination of NASH and other liver diseases.
Lustrous wrappings: Complex color and collaborative practices in the contemporary ceramic facade
Authors: McLachlan Fiona , Lyu Mengmeng , Leng Xuechang
Published: November 2022

Glazed ceramic cladding is a material with a very long history of use in the built environment, whether as roof tiles, wall tiles, or more recently, as part of a rainscreen cladding system. A key factor in the resurgence of interest in ceramic as a cladding material—in addition to its inherent qualities of sustainability, malleability, durability, and fire resistance—is as a means of incorporating color into the facade. Although polychromatic facades are commonly achieved using tessellation of a range of single‐colored elements, this article will focus on complex layered and variegated color and texture within a single component. Historical glazes, such as the blue‐red of Chinese Jun ware pottery from the 12th century CE were produced through carefully controlled reduction kiln processes, yet retained an element of uncertainty in the resultant patterns and remain an inspiration for contemporary ceramic artists. Drawing on historical research, literature review and interviews with ceramic artists and industrial manufacturers, six case studies from the United Kingdom and China are discussed that show collaborative processes at different scales of operation. These combine unique artisan and artistic glazes, with standardized, rigorously tested, and internationally manufactured products. These “fusion glazes” refer to historic hand‐made practices to bring an element of unpredictability, and a layer of complexity in terms of color, texture and luster.
Effect of Pevonedistat, an Investigational NEDD8‐Activating Enzyme Inhibitor, on the QTc Interval in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Richardson Debra L. , Dowlati Afshin , Goel Sanjay , Sahebjam Solmaz , Strauss James , Chawla Sant , Wang Ding , Mould Diane R. , Samnotra Vivek , Faller Douglas V. , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Gupta Neeraj
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of pevonedistat, a neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down‐regulated protein 8 (NEDD8)‐activating enzyme inhibitor, on the heart rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval in cancer patients. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive pevonedistat 25 or 50 mg/m2 on day 1 and the alternate dose on day 8. Triplicate electrocardiograms were collected at intervals over 0–11 hours and at 24 hours via Holter recorders on days −1 (baseline), 1, and 8. Changes from time‐matched baseline values were calculated for QTc by Fridericia (QTcF), PR, and QRS intervals. Serial time‐matched blood samples for analysis of pevonedistat plasma pharmacokinetics were collected and a concentration–QTc analysis conducted. Safety was assessed by monitoring vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory tests. Forty‐four patients were included in the QTc analysis. Maximum least square (LS) mean increase from time‐matched baseline in QTcF was 3.2 milliseconds at 1 hour postdose for pevonedistat at 25 mg/m2, while the LSs mean change from baseline in QTcF was −1.7 milliseconds 1 hour postdose at 50 mg/m2. The maximum 2‐sided 90% upper confidence bound was 6.7 and 2.9 milliseconds for pevonedistat at 25 and 50 mg/m2, respectively. Pevonedistat did not result in clinically relevant effects on heart rate, nor on PR or QRS intervals. Results from pevonedistat concentration–QTc analysis were consistent with these findings. Administration of pevonedistat to cancer patients at a dose of up to 50 mg/m2 showed no evidence of QT prolongation, indicative of the lack of clinically meaningful effects on cardiac repolarization. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03330106 (first registered on November 6, 2017).
Trophic strategies of intertidal foraminifera explored with single‐cell microbiome metabarcoding and morphological methods: What is on the menu?
Authors: Schweizer Magali , Jauffrais Thierry , Choquel Constance , Méléder Vona , Quinchard Sophie , Geslin Emmanuelle
Published: November 2022

In mudflats, interactions and transfers of nutrients and secondary metabolites may drive ecosystems and biodiversity. Foraminifera have complex trophic strategies as they often rely on bacteria and eukaryotes or on potential symbionts for carbon and nitrogen resources. The capacity of these protists to use a wide range of adaptive mechanisms requires clarifying the relationships between them and their microbial associates. Here, we investigate the interactions of three foraminiferal species with nearby organisms in situ, by coupling molecular (cloning/Sanger and high‐throughput sequencing) and direct counting and morphological identification with microscopy. This coupling allows the identification of the organisms found in or around three foraminiferal species through molecular tools combined with a direct counting of foraminifera and diatoms present in situ through microscopy methods. Depending on foraminiferal species, and in addition to diatom biomass, diatom frustule shape, size and species are key factors driving the abundance and diversity of foraminifera in mudflat habitats. Three different trophic strategies were deduced for the foraminifera investigated in this study: Ammonia sp. T6 has an opportunistic strategy and is feeding on bacteria, nematoda, fungi, and diatoms when abundant; Elphidium oceanense is feeding mainly on diatoms, mixed with other preys when they are less abundant; and Haynesina germanica is feeding almost solely on medium‐large pennate diatoms. Although there are limitations due to the lack of species coverage in DNA sequence databases and to the difficulty to compare morphological and molecular data, this study highlights the relevance of combining molecular with morphological tools to study trophic interactions and microbiome communities of protists at the single‐cell scale.
Large variability in response to future climate and land‐use changes among Chinese Theaceae species
Authors: Tang Junfeng , Zhao Xuzhe
Published: November 2022

Theaceae is an important family in the phylogeny of angiosperm in China, which are potentially threatened by future changes in climatic and land use conditions. Therefore, understanding and predicting the isolated and combined effects of these two global change factors on Theaceae species is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we assessed the isolated and combined effects of climate and land use change on the distribution shifts of 95 Theaceae species under different future scenarios by comparing projections of three model configurations: (1) dynamics climate and constant land use variables; (2) constant climate and dynamics land use variables; and (3) dynamics climate and dynamics land use variables. We find that all the three types of models predicted range contractions for most of the 95 Theaceae species under all future scenarios. Moreover, we find that climate change has rather strong effect for most species while land use change has nonsignificant or weak effect on future species distributions, although both of these two isolated effects are highly variable across individual species. Finally, the combined effect of these two factors reveals that the land use change may amplify or buffer distribution shifts expected from climate change impact depending on species. These findings emphasize the importance of taking into account the large variability in response to land use change among Theaceae species when developing land‐based conservation strategies in a changing climate.
Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden
Authors: Bhardwaj Manisha , Lodnert Denice , Olsson Mattias , Winsvold Aina , Eilertsen Svein Morten , Kjellander Petter , Seiler Andreas
Published: November 2022

Prey species may display anti‐predatory behavior, i.e., flight, increased vigilance, and decreased feeding, in response to the true presence of a predator or to the implied presence of a predator through, e.g., acoustic cues. In this study, we investigated the anti‐predatory reactions of moose (Alces alces) to acoustic stimuli related to hunting, at saltlick stones, a known attractant. In before‐during‐after‐control‐impact experiments, we compared the behavioral responses of individuals to: (i) two hunting‐related acoustic stimuli—hunting dog barking and human speaking; (ii) nonpredatory acoustic stimuli—bird sounds and; and (iii) no acoustic stimulus (control). We asked: (1) How does the probability of moose leaving the site differ depending on the stimulus they are exposed to?; (2) What affect do the acoustic stimuli have on the amount of time moose spend vigilant, feeding, or away from the site?; and (3) What affect do the stimuli have on the time between events at a site? We found that when exposed to the human stimulus, moose left the sites in 75% of the events, which was significantly more often compared to the dog (39%), bird (24%), or silent (11%) events. If moose did not leave the site, they spent more time vigilant, and less time feeding, particularly when exposed to a dog or human stimulus. Furthermore, moose spent the most time away from the site and took the longest to visit the site again after a human stimulus. Moose were also more likely to leave the site when exposed to the bird stimulus than during silent controls. Those that remained spent more time vigilant, but their behaviors returned to baseline after the bird stimulus ended. These findings suggest that acoustic stimuli can be used to modify the behavior of moose; however, reactions towards presumably threatening and nonthreatening stimuli were not as distinct as we had expected.
Multilocus evidence provides insight into the demographic history and asymmetrical gene flow between Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the Yili area, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Bing , Yang Zhaofu
Published: November 2022

Tianshan Mountains provide a model for studying biological evolution and speciation. Here we assess the evolutionary history of Ostrinia furnacalis (ACB) and Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB), which are sympatric in the Yili River Valley in Xinjiang, China.

Our study is based on the historical gene flow analyses of two species by using three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, COI, COII, Cytb) and four nuclear DNA (nuDNA, EF‐1α, Wingless, RPS5, CAD) markers obtained from representatives of HC (Huocheng), YN (Yining), XY (Xinyuan), and MNS (Manasi).

Our results reveal that there is an asymmetrical gene flow pattern between the four populations. The population migratory pathways between these different populations show inflow into HC and YN, outflow from XY, and that MNS maintained a flow balance. Bayesian divergence time dating based on the COI gene suggests that the genetic divergence between the two species in this area may have occurred in Holocene at 0.008 Mya. Neutrality tests (Tajima's D, Fu's Fs), and mismatch distribution test results suggest that population expansion events may not have occurred in the recent past. The demographic history and gene flow pattern between ACB and ECB may follow the “mountain isolation” hypothesis. The ML and BI trees of the mtDNA haplotype dataset show that ECB haplotypes are grouped together in a distinct clade and are clearly separate from ACB haplotypes. However, the geographical pattern of haplotype distribution is less clear for both ACB and ECB, supporting that there has been frequent gene flow among the geographic populations in the Tianshan Mountains.

These findings indicate that the Tianshan Mountains are less likely a barrier to gene flow of the two species.
Disentangling genetic from environmental effects on phenotypic variability of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) postlarvae
Authors: Villacorta‐Rath Cecilia , Green Bridget S. , Gardner Caleb , Murphy Nick P. , Souza Carla A. , Strugnell Jan M.
Published: November 2022

Environmental conditions experienced during the larval dispersal of marine organisms can determine the size‐at‐settlement of recruits. It is, therefore, not uncommon that larvae undergoing different dispersal histories would exhibit phenotypic variability at recruitment. Here, we investigated morphological differences in recently settled southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) recruits, known as pueruli, along a latitudinal and temporal gradient on the east coast of Tasmania, Australia. We further explored whether natural selection could be driving morphological variation. We used double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to assess differences in the genetic structure of recently settled recruits on the east coast of Tasmania over 3 months of peak settlement during 2012 (August–October). Phenotypic differences in pueruli between sites and months of settlement were observed, with significantly smaller individuals found at the northernmost site. Also, there was a lack of overall genetic divergence; however, significant differences in pairwise FST values between settlement months were observed at the southernmost study site, located at an area of confluence of ocean currents. Specifically, individuals settling into the southernmost earlier in the season were genetically different from those settling later. The lack of overall genetic divergence in the presence of phenotypic variation indicates that larval environmental history during the dispersal of J. edwardsii could be a possible driver of the resulting phenotype of settlers.
High‐Resolution Mass Spectroscopy for Revealing the Charge Storage Mechanism in Batteries: Oxamide Materials as an Example
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Chen Yuan , Fan Kun , Zhang Guoqun , Zou Jincheng , Dai Huichao , Gao Yanbo , Wang Xiaobo , Mao Minglei , Wang Chengliang
Published: November 2022

The pursuit of high‐performance electrode materials is highly desired to meet the demand of batteries with high energy and power density. However, a deep understanding of the charge storage mechanism is always challenging, which limits the development of advanced electrode materials. Herein, high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HR‐MS) is employed to detect the evolution of organic electrode materials during the redox process and reveal the charge storage mechanism, by using small molecular oxamides as an example, which have ortho‐carbonyls and are therefore potential electrochemical active materials for batteries. The HR‐MS results adequately proved that the oxamides could reversibly store lithium ions in the voltage window of 1.5–3.8 V. Upon deeper reduction, the oxamides would decompose due to the cleavage of the C–N bonds in oxamide structures, which could be proved by the fragments detected by HR‐MS, 1H NMR, and the generation of NH3 after the reduction of oxamide by Li. This work provides a strategy to deeply understand the charge storage mechanism of organic electrode materials and will stimulate the further development of characterization techniques to reveal the charge storage mechanism for developing high‐performance electrode materials.
Using a convolutional neural network model to derive imaging landmarks for lumbar spine numbering on axial magnetic resonance images
Authors: Yoon Heewon , Cho Yongwon , Ahn Kyung‐Sik , Lee Hee‐Gone , Kang Chang Ho , Park Beom Jin
Published: November 2022

Understanding the axial lumbar spine anatomy, including knowledge of the relationship between the lumbar spine level and other paraspinal structures, is important for diagnosing and treating diseases. The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model in lumbar spine level numbering on axial magnetic resonance (MR) images and to find the appropriate anatomic landmarks for numbering using a class activation map (CAM). A total of 6055 axial MR images of the lumbar spine from the L1‐2 to L5‐S1 disc levels were obtained to train and validate the CNN model. MR images were acquired using three 3‐Tesla machines. The algorithm was developed with three models, and the best‐performing model was selected. The external validation set (n = 493) was obtained from other institutions using various machines. The accuracy of the numbering was analyzed using a confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic curves. The CAMs were reviewed, and the identified anatomic structures were investigated. A reader study was performed by three radiologists, and their accuracy was compared with that of the model. The overall accuracy of the best‐performing model for lumbar spine numbering was 0.98 on internal validation and 0.95 on external validation. For the CAM review, mappings concentrated on both paraspinal areas, including the kidney, back muscles, and ilium according to the level. Top‐1 and top‐2 accuracies of the reviewers ranged between 0.56–0.75, and 0.84–0.93, respectively. After reviewing the CAMs, the accuracy increased to 0.75–0.78 and 0.93–0.98, respectively. A CNN model can accurately determine the level of the lumbar spine on axial MR images, and the configuration of muscles can be used to determine the lumbar level.
Mechanisms fostering the sustainability of actualized value propositions of implementede‐Governmentprojects inSub‐SaharanAfrica: A realist evaluation case of Nigeria and Rwanda
Authors: Chidama Yusuf Ephraim , Ononiwu Chidi Gerard
Published: November 2022

This study examines the mechanisms fostering sustainable value propositions of implemented e‐Governments projects in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) as a research focus. Value propositions identify how public organizations use e‐Government to fulfill citizens' needs across different roles. Using a concept‐centric systematic review, we identified such value propositions as effective public organizations, quality service delivery, open government and democratic values, as well as social values and well‐being. We chose some selected e‐Government projects in Nigeria and Rwanda; adopted realist evaluation (RE) multiple case studies as a methodology and introduced affordance actualization, self‐determination theory, and sustainability framework for e‐Government success as theoretical lenses. To collect data, we adopted a mixed method RE approach and used a contingent valuation method (CVM) as a quantitative aspect to identify the actualized value propositions in operations in the implemented e‐Government projects in Nigeria and Rwanda as outcomes. Sequentially followed by a realist interview as a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data we uncovered the generative mechanisms causing such outcomes to exist and be sustainable. Our findings revealed technological cognizance and autonomy as well as competence as individual mechanisms identified for sustaining such outcomes. While organizational mechanisms revealed are continuous availability of funds, institutional, administrative, and coordinating capacity with leadership and political support. Other organizational mechanisms include institutionalizing the technology within local settings with ongoing monitoring and improvement evaluation enabled by both internal and external contextual conditions. We synthesized our findings into an actualized value sustainability framework for implemented e‐Government projects in SSA to contribute to academics and practice in ICT4D, particularly RE application in e‐Government study, which is nascent.
Polyetherimide‐ and folic acid‐modifiedFe3O4nanospheres for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia performance
Authors: Wang Qinganzi , Cheng Yuemei , Wang Wenhua , Tang Xiaolin , Yang Yongxiu
Published: November 2022

Recent studies have highlighted the development prospects of magnetic hyperthermia in cancer therapy. A few studies on the application of Fe3O4nanospheres for the magnetic hyperthermia of gynecological malignancies have achieved certain efficacy, but there was no visible progress currently. In this work, Fe3O4nanospheres modified with polyetherimide (PEI) and folic acid (FA) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method for possible utility in biocompatible and active tumor‐targeting magnetic induction hyperthermia. The PEI‐ and FA‐coated Fe3O4nanospheres showed high crystallinity, well‐dispersed spherical structures and idealMsvalue. As a result, the designed Fe3O4@ PEI@FA nanospheres achieved higher specific absorption rate (SAR) values at 360 kHz and 308 Oe, as well as excellent biocompatibility in Hela, SKOV3, HEC‐1‐A and NIH3T3 cells. These nanospheres can be used as an optimal heating agent for the magnetic hyperthermia treatment of gynecological cancers.
The Arterial Pattern of the Upper Nasal Septum (S‐Point) and Potential Role in Severe Epistaxis
Authors: Rezende Natália Cerqueira , Leonel Luciano C.P.C. , Kosugi Eduardo Macoto , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos Diógenes , Peris‐Celda Maria
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The previously described S‐point, corresponds to the medial projection of the middle turbinate axilla in the superior nasal septum and has been identified as a common source of severe epistaxis. The objective is to define the anatomical patterns of vascularization of the S‐point area that could explain its clinical relevance.

Methods

Thirty‐three nasal septums of latex‐injected formalin‐embalmed and fresh human cadaveric heads were dissected to analyze the arterial arrangement of the S‐point area. Measurements and patterns of vascularization were described.

Results

The S‐point area, was consistently surrounded by a single or multiple arterial anastomotic arches consistently formed superiorly by the anterior ethmoidal and posterior ethmoidal artery branches, and inferiorly by the posterior septal artery. The caliber of the arterial arches was typically larger than the caliber of the arterial branches supplying them. A single arch was present in 36.3% of septums, and multiple arches in 63.6%. The mean distance from the S‐point to the anterior limit of the arch was 9 mm, to the posterior arch when the present was 3 mm, to the superior limit 6 mm, to the inferior limit 6 mm, and to the nasal roof was 10 mm.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the dense arterial configuration of the S point area, which is characterized by a single or multiple vascular arches of greater caliber than the branches of origin. This finding could explain why the S‐point area is a frequent source of epistaxis, and guide its surgical cauterization when an obvious vascular ectasia is not visualized.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 133:2075–2080, 2023
A Self‐Pumping Dressing with Multiple Liquid Transport Channels for Wound Microclimate Management
Authors: Zhu Hai , Zhi Chao , Meng Jiaguang , Wang Yongzhen , Liu Yaming , Wei Liang , Fu Sida , Miao Menghe , Yu Lingjie
Published: November 2022

A microclimate with ventilation and proper wettability near the wound is vital for wound healing. In the case of pressure or absorption of large amounts of wound exudate, maintaining air circulation around the wound is currently a challenge for wound dressings. In this study, a novel self‐pumping dressing (FAED) with multiple liquid transport channels is designed by combining a 3D spacer fabric, sodium alginate aerogel, and electrospun membrane. This unique structural design allows FAED to unidirectionally rapidly remove excess biofluid from the wound and transfer it through a special liquid transport channel to a liquid storage layer with a high absorption ratio. Importantly, the air circulation layer of FAED composed of liquid transport channels and spacer yarns provides excellent air permeability in both the horizontal (12.3 L min−1) and vertical (272.02 mm s−1) directions. Additionally, a lower compression modulus (0.14 MPa) and higher compression strength (0.15 MPa) enable the novel dressing to adapt to body contours and provide good supporting performance, as compared to foam dressings. Combined with its high biocompatibility, this unique dressing has significant potential for wound treatment and intensive care.
Modification of CNF‐Networks by the Addition of Small Amounts of Well‐Defined Rigid Cationic Nanolatexes
Authors: Alexakis Alexandros Efraim , Jerlhagen Åsa , Leggieri Maria Rosella Telaretti , Eliasson Adrian , Benselfelt Tobias , Malmström Eva
Published: November 2022

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF)‐networks are modified by the addition of small amounts (below 10 wt%) of well‐defined cationic nanolatexes synthesized through reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer‐mediated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA). Minute amounts of nanolatex inclusions lead to increased tensile and shear moduli, indicating that nanolatexes can act as bridging‐points between CNFs. At higher nanolatex content, this stiffening effect is lost, likely due to interactions between nanolatexes leading to plasticization. The influence of nanolatex content and size on interparticle distance is discussed and is used as a tool to understand the effects observed in macroscopic properties. Upon annealing, the stiffening effect is lost due to the softening of the nanolatexes, indicating that the core–shell morphology is a prerequisite for this effect. These systems form a versatile platform to develop fundamental insights into complex condensed colloidal systems, to ultimately aid in the development of new sustainable material concepts.
Model of Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene: The Role of Defects
Authors: Scoti Miriam , De Stefano Fabio , Di Girolamo Rocco , Malafronte Anna , Talarico Giovanni , De Rosa Claudio
Published: November 2022

The crystallization behavior of propene–ethylene (iPPC2), propene–butene (iPPC4), propene–pentene (iPPC5), and propene–hexene (iPPC6) isotactic copolymers, prepared with single center metallocene catalysis, is described. Thanks to the perfectly random distribution of comonomers along the macromolecules, these copolymers can be considered as model for the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) that is mainly defined by the average length of the regular propene sequences. A model of the crystallization behavior of iPP is described based on the definition of a double effect of defects (stereodefects and comonomers), the interruption effect of defects excluded from the crystals that shortens the length of the crystallizable propene sequences inducing crystallization of the γ form, and the effect of inclusion of defects in the crystals of α form, γ form or δ form that induces the crystallization of the form whose lattice is less disturbed by the defect.
Size‐Controlled Synthesis of Soluble‐Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles in Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Jinjie , ul ain Hira Noor , Yu Xiaowang , Zhang Xuezheng , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo
Published: November 2022

A size‐controlled method has been exploited to synthesize 20 kinds of soluble‐conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) through cross‐coupling polymerizations between various combinations of symmetrical multifunctional monomers (Ax+By, x > 2, y ≥ 2). Unlike the classical polycondensation of these kinds of monomers where infinite polymer networks and insoluble polymeric products are typically formed, this confined polymerization in palladium nanoparticles‐loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres produced SCPNs with good to high yields, narrow particle size distribution, and high solubility in common organic solvents. The controlled size of SCPNs characterized with gel permeation chromatography shows narrow distribution and various molecular weight ranging from 2164 to 14 234 Da, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses range from 5 to 15 nm, suggesting the confined polymerization occurring inside of the mesopores. By simply adjusting the monomer structure and selecting an appropriate cross‐coupling polymerization method among Suzuki, Stille, Sonogashira, and direct arylation polymerizations, the obtained SCPNs show bright fluorescence emission varying from blue to red. The SCPNs with long alkyl chain substituents in monomer units show good processability and smooth polymer films are formed by the simple spin‐casting method. The repeatable and straightforward synthesis of SCPNs endows them with wide application prospects in light‐emission, fluorescence sensing, and bioimaging.
Combined germline pathogenic variants in FLCN and TP53 are associated with early onset renal cell carcinoma and brain tumors
Authors: van de Beek Irma , Glykofridis Iris E. , Wagner Anja , den Toom Dorine T. , Bongers Ernie M. H. F. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Johannesma Paul C. , Meijers‐Heijboer Hanne E. J. , Wolthuis Rob M. F. , van Steensel Maurice A. M. , Dubbink Hendrikus J. , Houweling Arjan C.
Published: November 2022

Background

We present a family consisting of a father and his two children with an exceptional phenotype of childhood renal cell carcinoma and brain tumors. Extensive genetic testing revealed two inherited tumor predisposition syndromes in all three family members: Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome and Li‐Fraumeni syndrome. The corresponding genes (FLCN and TP53) are both located on the short arm of chromosome 17.

Methods

We describe the phenotype and performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of the tumors.

Results

All examined tumors showed somatic loss of the wild‐type alleles of both FLCN and TP53.

Conclusions

We hypothesize that a synergistic effect of both mutations caused the unusual phenotype of childhood renal cell carcinoma in this family. This family emphasizes the importance of further genetic testing if a tumor develops at an unexpected young age in an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome.
Fractional myocardial blood volume by ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI: Estimation of ischemic burden
Authors: Colbert Caroline M. , Hollowed John J. , Nguyen Dylan N. , Duarte‐Vogel Sandra , Dahlbom Magnus , Hu Peng , Nguyen Kim‐Lien
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To investigate model‐fitted fractional myocardial blood volume (fMBV) derived from ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI as a measure of myocardial tissue hypoperfusion at rest.

Methods

We artificially induced moderate to severe focal coronary stenosis in the left anterior descending artery of 19 swine by percutaneous delivery of a 3D‐printed coronary implant. Using the MOLLI pulse sequence, we acquired T1 maps at 3 T after multiple incremental ferumoxytol doses (0.0–4.0 mg/kg). We computed pixel‐wise fMBV using a multi‐compartmental modeling approach in 19 ischemic swine and 4 healthy swine.

Results

Ischemic myocardial segments showed a mean MRI‐fMBV of 11.72 ± 3.00%, compared with 8.23 ± 2.12% in remote segments and 8.38 ± 2.23% in normal segments. Ischemic segments showed a restricted transvascular water‐exchange rate (ki = 15.32 ± 8.69 s−1) relative to remote segments (ki = 17.78 [11.60, 26.36] s−1). A mixed‐effects model found significant difference in fMBV (p = 0.002) and water‐exchange rate (p < 0.001) between ischemic and remote myocardial regions after adjusting for biological sex and slice location. Analysis of fMBV as a predictor of impaired myocardial contractility using receiver operating characteristics showed an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80, 0.95). An MRI‐fMBV threshold of 9.60% has a specificity of 90.0% (95% CI 76.3, 97.2) and a sensitivity of 72.5% (95% CI 56.1, 83.4) for prediction of impaired myocardial contractility.

Conclusions

Model‐fitted fMBV derived from ferumoxytol‐enhanced MRI can distinguish regions of ischemia from remote myocardium in a swine model of myocardial hypoperfusion.
Risdiplam for the treatment of adults with spinal muscular atrophy: Experience of the Northern Ireland neuromuscular service
Authors: McCluskey Gavin , Lamb Siobhan , Mason Sarah , NicFhirleinn Grainne , Douglas Isobel , Tirupathi Sandya , Morrison Karen E. , McConville John
Published: November 2022

Introduction/Aims

Risdiplam is the newest available treatment for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). There is little information on its use in adults. We present the clinical experience of adults with SMA treated with risdiplam through the Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) in Northern Ireland.

Methods

All adults with Type 2 SMA attending the regional neuromuscular clinic were offered risdiplam treatment. Patients had assessments of respiratory function, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Quality of Life Measure for People with Slowly Progressive and Genetic Neuromuscular Disease (QOLM), and Egen Klassifikation 2 (EK2) every 3 mo and the Revised Upper Limb Module for SMA (RULM) at baseline and 6 mo. All assessments other than the RULM were carried out virtually.

Results

Six of seven patients who were offered risdiplam consented to treatment through the EAMS (five female, one male, mean age 33.7 y). It was generally well tolerated other than skin photosensitivity in all patients. All patients remained on therapy at 9 mo. All reported meaningful improvements in overall strength, sense of wellbeing, and speech quality. There was no change in respiratory function, daytime hypersomnolence, or upper limb function (all p > .05). There was improvement in the QOLM (p = .027) and EK2 (p = .009).

Discussion

Our study raises hopes that risdiplam may be efficacious in adults; however, more systematic studies in larger cohorts are needed before drawing any definitive conclusions. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of virtual assessments.
Managing delirium in acute inpatient units: A cross‐sectional study of nursing teams' knowledge and perceived limitations
Authors: Martínez‐García Marta , Sánchez‐López Elena , Fernández‐Trinidad Miriam
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to describe nursing teams' theoretical knowledge of delirium and their perceptions of the way in which it is handled in acute inpatient units.

Design

This is a descriptive cross‐sectional study using a questionnaire comprising ten questions on knowledge and seven on perception.

Methods

The sample consisted of 216 professionals working at a hospital complex in Madrid, Spain. Descriptive and non‐parametric bivariate analyses were performed for a p < .05.

Results

Fifty‐three point two per cent of staff possessed sufficient theoretical knowledge, and this figure rose significantly among professionals with more years of experience. Areas for improvement in theoretical knowledge included the use of therapeutic immobilization, screening scale, subtypes of delirium and precipitating factors. Sixty‐eight point five per cent of staff perceived their knowledge as fair, 50% agreed that delirium was underdiagnosed and 48.1% agreed that preventive measures were only occasionally taken. Perceived barriers included lack of training, work overload, ineffective coordination and lack of standardized protocols.