EFEKTIFITAS MAHSRABIYA SEBAGAI PEMBATAS VISUAL (HIJAB)GENDER: SEBUAH EKSPERIMEN MODEL 3D
Authors: Mahathir Said 
Published: June 2019

Dalam studi yang dilakukan sebelumnya, Mashrabiya (kisi-kisi kayu) dianggap mampu memisahkan zona gender (santriwan-santriwati) pada sebuah perpustakaan pesantren di Kota Langsa, Aceh.Karena penelitian tersebut terbatas pada ekperimen skalatis (1:10) maka hasil yang didapatkan berpotensi bias jika diaplikasikan pada skala sebenarnya (1:1).Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk meminimalisir bias dan membuktikan keefektifan Mashrabiya sebagai panel segregasi pada skala manusia. Penggunaan metode eksperimen yang sama seperti pada penelitiansebelumnya terhadap objek skala 1:1 ini akan membutuhkan banyak biaya dan tenaga dalam membangun ruang uji dan pola Mashrabiya-nya. Maka dari itu, penggunakan model 3D merupakan preliminary eksperimen dan analisis yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data serta memperkecil jumlah variabel bebas seperti, jumlah lubang, ukuran lubang, luasan baluster, dan, ketebalan panel Mashrabiyassebagai data teknis utama untuk melubangi panel secara manual (handmade) pada penelitian berikutnya.Untuk mempermudah kontrol variabel dan mendapatkan data kuantitif yang presisi dari setiap transformasi modelnya maka eksperimen ini menggunakan perangkat lunak Rhinoceros dengan plug-in Grasshopper untuk membuat algoritma panel Mashrabiya.Hasilnya, dari 20 model 3D Mashrabiyayang disimulasikan hanya empat panel memenuhi syarat (Perforation Ratio) PR, (hole area) HA dan (baluster area) BA sehingga efektif bekerja sebagai pemabatas visual zona gender dan juga sangat adaptif terhadap akses keluar masuk cahaya dan udara. Dari sisi konstruksi pun panel–panel mahsrabiya yang terpilih ini masih sangat mungkin diproduksi secara manual (handmade).Kata-kata Kunci: Hijab (Pembatas Visual), Mashrabiya (kisi-kisi kayu), Eksperimen model3D, Algoritma.EFFCTIVENESS OF MASHRABIYA AS A VISUAL INTERFERENCE (HIJAB) BETWEEN GENDERS: A 3D MODEL EKSPERIMENTIn previous research, Mashrabiya (wooden lattice) have been concluded for being able to separate gender zone (male and female student) in a library of an Islamic boarding school (Pesantren) in Kota Langsa, Aceh. Since the experiment was limited on a scale model (1:10), the obtained result potentially lead to some biases if it is applied on a human scale model (1:1). Therefore, further research to minimize the biases and prove the effectiveness of Mashrabiya as gender segregator panel is needed. Applying the same experimental method as in the previous research on human scale model will cost a significant amount of experiment materials and labors in order to build a sample room and the patterns of Mashrabiya. Therefore, 3 dimensional (3D) model eksperimental method and analysis is a solution aimed at obtaining data, separating and  minimizing the number of independent variable such as, number of holes, size of holes, width of baluster area, and thickness of the panel; those technical data will be used in hollowing out the panel (manually) in the next research. To ease the control of variables and to obtain a precise quantitative data in every transformed 3D model, then this experiment utilizes Rhinoceros software with Grasshopper plug-in to produce the algorithm of Mashrabiya panels.The result conclude that from 20 of 3D models of Mashrabiya panels only four panels that qualified in term of (Perforation Ratio) PR, (hole area) HA and (baluster area) BA so then will work effectively as a visual interference panel between gender zones as well as very adaptive on natural lighting and air flow accessibility. In term of the Mashrabiya production, these chosen panels are still can be produced manually (handmade).Keywords: Hijab (Visual Interference), Mashrabiya (wooden lattice), 3D model eksperiment, Algorithm.REFERENCESisher. Jeffrey D., dkk. 1984. Environmental Psychology, 2nd Edition, New York. CBS Collage Publishing.Kenzari, Bechir and Yasser Elsheshtawy. 2003. The ambiguous veil: on transparency, mashrabiy’yas and architecture, Journal of Architectural EducationFathy, H. 1986. Natural Energies and Vernacular Architecture, Mashrabiya(pp. 46-49). Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press.Mahathir, Sayed dan Yulianto P. Prihatmaji. 2008.  Efektifitas Material Perlubangan “Mashrabiya” Sebagai Hijab Gender Pada Desain Perpustakaan Pesantren, DIMENSI Journal of Architecture and Build Environment, Vol. 36, No. 2.Samuel, W. 2011. Performance and Permeability: An Investigation of the Mashrabiya for use within the Gibson Desert in Australia (pp. 42-57). Master Thesis, School of Architecture and Design of Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.Sherif. A, Sabry, H., Rakha, T. 2012. External perforated Solar Screens for daylighting in residential desert buildings: Identification of minimum perforation percentages. Journal of Solar Energy, 86(12), 1929-1940.https://www.archdaily.com/510226/light-matters-Mashrabiyas-translating-tradition-into-dynamic-facades, 19 Mei 2019