bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of Vibro-Compaction on Pore Water Pressure in Coral Sand Strata
Authors: Xu Xiong , Xiao Can
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effect of pore water pressure during the vibro-compaction stone column construction in coral reef sand strata. Field tests were conducted at a port project in a Southeast Asian country to monitor the pore water pressure during construction. The study focuses on the impact of vibro-compaction on pore water pressure in coral sand strata at different depths, radial distances, and under various vertical drainage conditions. Results show that the greatest pore water pressure changes occur during the drilling stage, with the area closest to the vibro-compaction head experiencing the highest pressure. The peak excess pore water pressure significantly affects existing stone columns. The liquefaction characteristics of coral reef layers are closely related to the surrounding drainage conditions.
Optimization of ICP-MS Method for Determination of Praseodymium (Pr) in Vegetables
Authors: Huang Guangjun , Zhang Xiuhua
Published: February 2025

Taking praseodymium (Pr) in vegetables as the research object, the microwave digestion/graphite digestion pretreatment methods of Pr in vegetables were compared. Combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the influence of microwave digestion and graphite digestion sampling amount, digestion time, digestion temperature, carrier gas flow rate of ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, torch position and other factors on the determination results was investigated. The optimum reaction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment as follows: sample volume 0.5 g, digestion temperature 120°C, microwave digestion time 30 min, carrier gas flow 1.001 L/min, torch tube position -1.840 mm. The reliability of the optimized method was verified. The detection limit changed from 0.09177 ug/kg to 0.06043 ug/kg, the linear regression coefficient increased from 0.09990 to 0.999972, and the recovery rate increased from 95.7% to 109.6% to 96.0% to 106.9%.
Convolutional neural network-based neutron and gamma discrimination in EJ-276 for low-energy detection
Authors: Shen Fengzhao , Li Tao , He Jingkui , Xie Shenghui , Wei Yuehuan , Huang Tuchen , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Organic scintillators are important in advancing nuclear
detection and particle physics experiments. Achieving a high
signal-to-noise ratio necessitates efficient pulse shape
discrimination techniques to accurately distinguish between
neutrons, gamma rays, and other particles within scintillator
detectors. Although traditional charge comparison methods perform
adequately for ∼MeVee particles, their efficacy is
significantly reduced in the lower energy region (<200 keVee).
This paper introduces a particle identification method that
harnesses the power of a convolutional neural network. We focused on
the convolutional neural network's exceptional ability to
discriminate between neutrons and gamma rays in the low-energy
spectrum, utilizing a setup comprising a plastic scintillator EJ-276
and Silicon photomultiplier readout. Our findings reveal remarkable
accuracies of 97.3% and 98.6% in the 0 ∼ 100 keVee and
100 ∼ 200 keVee energy ranges, respectively. These results
represent substantial improvements of 13.8% and 4.25% over
conventional methods. The enhanced discrimination power of the
convolutional neural network method opens new frontiers for the
application of organic scintillation detectors in low-energy rare
event searches, including dark matter and neutrino detection.
Corrigendum: Current statistics in the q-boson zero range process (2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 53 365203)
Authors: Trofimova A A , Povolotsky A M
Published: February 2025

The was a typo in the exact result for the finite-size diffusion coefficient: sign change omitted for the case q > 1 compared to

|
q

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<
1

case, which also propagated to the asymptotic results. We corrected both exact and asymptotic formulas.
Consumers’ awareness and perception of the potential risks of minimally processed food consumption
Authors: Fenton Ricky , Ervina Ervina
Published: February 2025

Consumption of minimally processed food (MPF) poses a high risk of potential contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumers’ awareness and the risk of consumption of MPF. In addition, the influence of age on MPF perceptions was also measured. A total of 114 participants (mean age 22.3 ± 6.21, 44% male and 56% female) were involved and completed the questionnaire regarding their perception of certain types of MPFs. The Pearson correlation shows a significant and negative correlation between consumers’ awareness of MPF risk with the consumption of raw eggs (r=-0.258). The results revealed that raw vegetables were the safest MPF to be consumed. The participants with low awareness of the risk of MPF consumption tended to have a perception that raw eggs and raw seafood were more nutritious because it was minimally processed. The results also show a significant influence of age on consumers’ perception of MPF indicating that the older the age, the more aware they were towards MPF consumption, especially for raw eggs (p-value=0.037), raw vegetables (p-value=0.016), and raw seafood (p-value=0.021). This study exhibits the findings about consumers’ perceptions of MPFs and emphasizes the effect of age on MPF consumption that can be used for further development of food safety regulations
Quality evaluation of the combination of Porang flour and Telang flower extract as natural preservatives and antioxidants in extending the shelf of wet noodles
Authors: Elimasni  , Pratama Rizky Yudha , Nurwahyuni Isnaini , Syamsuardi
Published: February 2025

The shift in Indonesian dietary patterns from high-fiber foods to low-fiber foods with a high glycemic index, such as wet noodle products made from wheat flour, can lead to various degenerative diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, coronary heart disease, stroke, high cholesterol, colon cancer, and hemorrhoids. Therefore, the diversification of food products, particularly local food products, through the substitution of indigenous flours, is essential. Porang tubers, rich in starch and carbohydrates, have the potential to serve as a staple food ingredient, replacing wheat flour and serving as a primary ingredient for noodles. One of the challenges associated with wet noodles is their short shelf life due to their high water content, which makes them susceptible to contamination by microorganisms such as viruses, molds, yeasts, and bacteria. To extend the shelf life of wet noodles, the use of natural preservatives is a potential solution. Telang flowers, rich in bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and other aromatic compounds, can inhibit microbial growth. The addition of Telang flower extract to wet noodles is expected to enhance their functional value, antioxidant content, and shelf life. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of adding Porang flour and Telang flower extract on the nutritional value and quality of the resulting wet noodles. The benefits of this research include supporting government programs by reducing wheat flour consumption and utilizing local food ingredients as substitutes for wheat flour while extending the shelf life of wet noodles. The chemical parameters observed include the highest proximate test in the P2T3 treatment (20% Porang Flour + 45% Telang Flower Extract) with the following results: ash content 1.94%, protein content 7.71%, fat content 4.65%, moisture content 31.29%, and antioxidant activity 63.08%.
Enhancement of tensile properties in chitosan/ poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylonitrile) polymer electrolyte membranes via ammonium chloride doping
Authors: Thoriq Al Fath M. , Michael  , Tjandra Thiodorus Marvin , Samosir Rosma Natalia , Raphita Hasibuan Gina Cynthia , Dalimunthe Nisaul Fadilah , Sidabutar Rivaldi
Published: February 2025

The pursuit of sustainable energy sources as alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels has garnered significant attention to address energy deficiencies. Various renewable energy conversion technologies have been developed, among which polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) have emerged as a promising solution for gradual replacement of petroleum resource. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from black soldier fly has attracted considerable interest in PEM development due to its natural abundance and biodegradability. This study investigates the incorporation of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as a dopant to enhance the tensile properties of chitosan-based PEMs fabricated via the solvent-casting method. Varying concentrations of NH4Cl (0 g, 0.3 g, 0.6 g, 0.9 g, 1.2 g) were introduced with PVA/PAN (20:80 w/w) and cast onto petri dishes. Results indicated that tensile strength reached a maximum value of 6.468±0.091 MPa at 0.9 g NH4Cl, approximately double that of the pristine membrane. Elongation at break achieved a maximum value of 12.267±0.344% at 0.6 g NH4Cl. FTIR confirmed the presence of all components and successful blending. SEM imaging confirmed the interconnection in the 0.9 g NH4Cl-incorporated membrane. This study demonstrates NH4Cl’s potential as an effective dopant for enhancing chitosan-based PEM mechanical properties, promising advancements in high-performance, environmentally friendly energy storage materials.
Effect of using three bamboo species as surface layer in hybrid particleboard (HPb)
Authors: Nabila  , Iswanto Apri Heri , Hakim Luthfi , Fatriasari Widya , Ramadhani Cici , Sucipto Tito , Rahandi Lubis Muhammad Adly , Rogoziński Tomasz , Kim Nam Hum
Published: February 2025

In general, the weakness of particle board is its low strength. This research aims to increase the strength of particle board through modification of particle board in the form of hybrid particleboard (HPb). In this research, HPb was made using Cotylelobium melanoxylon for the core layer and Gigantochloa pruriens, Bambusa vulgaris, and Gigantochloa atroviolacea as the surface layer. Hybrid particleboard was made measuring 25 x 25 cm2 with a target thickness and density of 1 cm and 0.75 g/cm3 respectively. The adhesive used is isocyanate at a content of 7% with a coating ratio of 40/20/40. The board pressing process uses a hot press at a temperature of 160 °C, a pressing time of 5 minutes, and a pressure of 30 kg/cm2. The research results show that the physical properties of hybrid particleboard include density and thickness swelling, respectively, ranging between 0.68 to 0.77 gr/cm3, and 7.25 to 10.27%. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of sandwich particleboard which include modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture range between 43,460 to 97,485 kg/cm2 and 337 to 710 kg/cm2 respectively. The results of the termite resistance test showed that the resulting boards had a poor to medium resistance range.
A Review of diospyros species: antibacterial and antifungal compounds, microbiome interactions, and pathogen dynamics
Authors: Sulastri Dwi , Hartati  , Khairina Yeni , Christita Margaretta , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Iswanto  , Simarmata Rumella , Restu Muh
Published: February 2025

Diospyros is one of the largest genera in the Ebenaceae family. The genus has a wide range of applications, including for edible fruits, valuable wood, and decorative uses. Its extractive compounds have an important role in the durability and disease resistance of ebony wood. Some Diospyros species are endangered, and several diseases have emerged that require integrated pest management and sustainable cultivation measures. This study focuses on research on Diospyros species in Indonesia, their use in wood production, antibacterial and antifungal compounds, interactions of Diospyros species with microbiome communities, and Diospyros pathogens and diseases. The information in this study will provide opportunities for other researchers to conduct further research related to the utilization of secondary metabolite compounds from Diospyros as medicinal products and natural pesticides.
The diversity and distribution of Dipterocarpaceae in green space of Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Harahap Moehar Maraghiy , Jumilawaty Erni , Ahmad Alfan Gunawan , Ulfa Mariah , Ginting Ida Mallia , Waruwu Arel Vincent , Wirabuana Pandu Yudha Adi Putra
Published: February 2025

Dipterocarpaceae is known for its various uses, such as construction wood, veneer, furniture, craft, building green spaces, etc. Research on the distribution and diversity of this species has never been carried out in the green space of the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) campus. This type has many benefits as well as the potential to be developed and studied further. Preliminary surveys show species are easy to find and scattered in several locations. The results of this study will be useful as initial data in managing campus green space, information on the use of this type, and a source of data for further research. Therefore, research on the potential family at USU needs to be done and studied further. This study used exploration techniques by visiting all locations in research area. Field findings are described descriptively and cumulatively. There are four species of Dipterocarpacea in the USU green space. It is estimated to be 71 individuals. It consists of 4 species, such as Shorea laevis, Shorea macrophylla, Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia. Shorea parvifolia and Shorea macrophylla are in Least Concern Criteria of IUCN Redlist. On other side, Shorea leprosula is Near Threatened and Shorea laevis is in Vulnerable Criteria of IUCN Redlist.
Exploration of Amorphophallus spp. on the visitor trails of Sibolangit Nature Park
Authors: Ulfa Mariah , Siregar Astri Winda , Harahap Moehar Maraghiy , Ali Kirana Arvianti , Anggraini Fani Nur , Anjani Dina , Sihotang Azhar Mahfuza , Sinaga Abdul Rahman
Published: February 2025

Araceae is one of the plant families distributed in tropical climates. There are two species of Araceae family that are protected in Indonesia, i.e., Amorphophallus decus-silvae and Amorphophallus titanum. Sibolangit Nature Park (TWA Sibolangit) is one of the oldest conservation areas in Indonesia. This area has a variety of vegetation species that play a role in providing shade to support the existence of Amorphophallus populations, along with the thick litter which can maintain habitat moisture for Amorphophallus. This study aims to describe the morphological characteristics and analyse the distribution patterns of Amorphophallus populations on the visitor trails of Sibolangit Nature Park. The recording points were saved using SW Maps to create a species distribution map. Each founded individual of Amorphophallus Sp. was described based on its growth phase and characteristics, such as flowers, leaves, stems, and tubers. The height and diameter of the vegetation were also measured. The field study recorded 64 individuals of Amorphophallus spp. along the visitor trails of Sibolangit Nature Park. All individuals were observed in the vegetative phase and distributed in cluster. Amorphophallus populations at the study site lead to a declining age structure pattern. Sibolangit nature park management can maximize the potential of Amorphophallus spp. to be economically beneficial both for management and for the community. The distribution map of Amorphophallus is expected to be taken into consideration by the area management in reconstructing the Sibolangit Nature Park ecotourism program in the future to attract more visitors.
Meranti Bukit (Shorea platyclados) provenance test in the permanent nursery of the Wampu Sei Ular Watershed Management Center
Authors: Rangkuti Ahmad Baiquni , Hartini Kansih Sri , Hutagalung Roy Ronaldho
Published: February 2025

The high rate of deforestation and the declining population distribution have caused Shorea platyclados to be categorized as near threatened and included in the red list of nearly endangered species. To obtain information on adaptive and productive species and provenances at a development site, it is necessary to conduct species combination tests or provenance tests in accordance with the conservation and breeding strategies of the observed plant species. This research aims to obtain the optimal provenance and biofertilizer dosage for the growth of 12-month-old S. platyclados at the research location and to produce Mother plants as an alternative for vegetative propagation of S. platyclados by measuring survival percentage, height, diameter, leaf count, and plant health. S. platyclados seedlings with 2 different provenances. The ?irst provenance comes from the Gunung Patah area, Bengkulu Province. The second provenance comes from Tasik Betung Village, Mandau District, Siak Regency, Riau Province. The experimental design used in this study is a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with shading (60%) and treatment factors, namely provenance and mycorrhizal biofertilizer, conducted in 6 replications. The research results indicate that there is no interaction between the application of provenance treatment and mycorrhizal biofertilizer on the growth of S. platyclados. The optimal provenance treatment for growth at the research location is the Riau provenance. The Riau provenance has a higher survival percentage of 67%, while the Bengkulu provenance has a survival percentage of 54%. The optimal mycorrhizal biofertilizer treatment for growth at the research location is the M3 dose (7 gr).
Correlation analysis of biophysical factors with the spatial distribution of human-sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) conflicts
Authors: Sulistiyon Nurdin , Ahda Muhdaril , Zahirah Ainun , Pasha Shahnaz Dwi
Published: February 2025

The Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) is a great ape in the Sumatran forest ecosystem. Various human activities around the forest disturb orangutan habitats and force them to find other places to live, even near to community settlements, resulting in human-sumatran orangutan conflict (HOC). The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorizes the Sumatran Orangutan as a species with a status critically endangered due to the effects of HOC. This study aimed to determine the relationship between biophysical characteristics such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), topography, slope, distance from forest, distance from settlements, distance from the road, distance from agricultural land, distance from plantation land, and distance from the river with the HOC occurrence in Management Section of National Park (MSNP) V and VI, Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP). The method used Geographic Information System (GIS) for spatial analysis and Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between biophysical parameters and HOC occurrence. The results of this study indicate that the distance from the settlements factors have a positive correlation and distance from the river has a negative correlation on the occurrence of conflict (p<0.05).
The Diaries and the Art of the Aphorism
Authors: Maunsell Jerome Boyd
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores how Sontag coined, collected, and deployed aphorisms in her two published volumes of diaries, while putting this practice in conversation with the classical aphoristic tradition, and mapping these habits of thought across Sontag’s wider life and work. Sontag long planned to write an essay on aphoristic thinking, and this chapter argues that Sontag’s fascination with the crystalline, seed-like, anti-systematic short form of the aphorism is evident initially in her early diaries, and then across all her essays and fiction, both at the level of the sentence and in the structure of her texts. The chapter traces the history of the aphorism and its related family of short forms back to their classical and pre-classical roots, showing how Sontag tangentially and experimentally engages with this tradition, repurposing aphorisms, fragments, maxims, and epigrams in terms of her interests in Surrealism, Modernism, and Postmodernism.
Night-Sides
Authors: Worman Nancy
Published: February 2025

In Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors Sontag argues that cultural responses to the ill body—from antiquity to the present—pursue patterns of moralizing metaphors that emerge in a kind of temporal suspension, a linguistic isolation and containment of the afflicted, while in fact resulting in something like the reverse of this, namely, proliferation and contamination. In both essays Sontag turns to ancient Greek examples (as well as many more modern), highlighting those from tragedy repeatedly. My discussion considers Sontag’s handling of metaphors for illness in journalistic and literary representation together with how Sophocles orchestrates the imagery of debilitation, especially in Oedipus at Colonus. Throughout I sustain attention to illness and its representation, focusing with Sontag on embodied experiencing and practices and putting her in conversation with other artists and theorists confronting the cultural attitudes and politics surrounding illness, especially AIDS.
Against Immersion
Authors: Kosick Rebecca
Published: February 2025

This essay considers the distinctions between contemplation and participation as ways of relating to works of art. It compares Susan Sontag’s position—which favours contemplation—with arguments in favour of immersion from twentieth-century participatory artists including Allan Kaprow and Lygia Clark, as well as twenty-first-century producers of immersive technologies. It explores how both Sontag and proponents of immersive participation justify their positions with regard to antiquity, making the case for ways of apprehending art in the now that they see as supported by a vague classical past. In spite of their distinctions, the two positions ultimately converge, this essay argues, where absence opens up inside of immersion.
The Writhing Laocoön
Authors: Geerts Figen
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines Susan Sontag’s engagement with Greco-Roman texts, images, and artefacts in her seminal work, Regarding the Pain of Others (2003). Through an exploration of the dynamic interplay between ancient works, encompassing those by Homer, Aeschylus, Plato, and Aristotle, and the discourse surrounding modern war photography within Sontag’s essay, a shared aesthetic resonance emerges. The central argument of this chapter posits that this resonance assumes significant archetypal value, elucidated by a Western iconography that addresses the symbolic juxtaposition of human vulnerability, on the one hand, and resilient strength, on the other. Consequently, this analysis challenges Sontag’s initial assertion that the depiction of human suffering exclusively belongs to the realm of modern photography, proposing instead its timeless manifestation across temporal boundaries.
Tender nodules over bilateral forearms in a patient with stable ulcerative colitis
Authors: Attard Zane , Farrugia Stephanie , Pisani David , Micallef Daniel , Scerri Lawrence
Published: February 2025

A 48-year-old male with well-controlled ulcerative colitis presented with tender, erythematous nodules on the extensor surfaces of both forearms. Histopathology showed a lobular panniculitis with granuloma formation. Despite initial steroid treatment and subsequent use of doxycycline, the lesions resolved after the patient was switched to colchicine.
Clinical likelihood models calibrated against observed obstructive coronary artery disease on computed tomography angiography
Authors: Rasmussen Laust D , Schmidt Samuel Emil , Knuuti Juhani , Spiro Jon , Rajwani Adil , Lopes Pedro M , Lima Maria Rita , Ferreira António M , Maaniitty Teemu , Saraste Antti , Newby David , Douglas Pamela S , Bøttcher Morten , Baskaran Lohendran , Winther Simon
Published: February 2025

Aims

Models predicting the likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on invasive coronary angiography (ICA) exist. However, as stable patients with new-onset chest pain frequently have lower clinical likelihood and preferably undergo index testing by noninvasive tests such as coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), clinical likelihood models calibrated against observed obstructive CAD at CCTA are warranted. The aim was to develop CCTA-calibrated risk-factor- and coronary artery calcium-score-weighted clinical likelihood models (i.e., RF-CLCCTA and CACS-CLCCTA models, respectively).

Methods and results

Based on age, sex, symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors, an advanced machine learning algorithm utilized a training cohort (n=38,269) of symptomatic outpatients with suspected obstructive CAD to develop both a RF-CLCCTA and a CACS-CLCCTA model to predict observed obstructive CAD on CCTA. The models were validated in several cohorts (n=28,340) and compared to a currently endorsed basic pre-test probability (Basic PTP) model. For both the training and pooled validation cohort, observed obstructive CAD at CCTA was defined as >50% diameter stenosis.

Observed obstructive CAD at CCTA was present in 6,443 (22.7%) patients in the pooled validation cohort. While the Basic PTP underestimated the prevalence of observed obstructive CAD at CCTA, the RF-CLCCTA and CACS-CLCCTA models showed superior calibration. Compared to the Basic PTP model, the RF-CLCCTA and CACS-CLCCTA models showed superior discrimination (area under the receiver-operating curves 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.72) vs. 0.74 (95%CI0.73-0.75) and 0.87 (95%CI 0.86-0.87), p<0.001 for both comparisons).

Conclusions

CCTA-calibrated clinical likelihood models improve calibration and discrimination of observed obstructive CAD at CCTA.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

N/A.
A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Visual Cues, Signage, and Spaced-Retrieval for Wayfinding within Long-Term Care Communities
Authors: Davis Rebecca , Calkins Margaret , Sikorskii Alla , Brush Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Wayfinding can be challenging in many long-term care communities (LTCCs) due to size, poor visibility, inadequate wayfinding design, as well as cognitive impairment of some residents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of distinctive cues and signage placed at key points within care communities, with and without a trained memory strategy called spaced retrieval (SR), on wayfinding ability and life-space.

Research Design and Methods

Fifteen LTCCs were randomized to control (arm 1), cues (arm 2), or cues+SR (arm 3). Data were collected at baseline, and months 1, 3, 6 and 12. Wayfinding speed and accuracy (co-primary outcomes) were tested on three routes (simple, moderate, and complex) in each site. The secondary outcome was self-reported life-space. Longitudinal linear mixed effects and generalized linear mixed effects models were used to analyze repeated measures of the outcomes in relation to trial arm.

Results

Wayfinding speed was significantly greater on the simple route for the cues condition compared to control. On the moderate and complex routes, there were no differences in speed among trial arms. In terms of errors, participants in cues and cues+SR conditions performed significantly better than control participants, and arm cues+SR performed better than cues alone. There were no differences in life-space among arms.

Discussion and Implications

The addition of age-friendly signs and art cues assisted residents of LTCCs to find their way more effectively than no intervention, and there were fewer errors with spaced retrieval.
Practices of (De)Legitimation in World Politics
Authors: Stappert Nora , Gadinger Frank , Budnitsky Stanislav , Ecker-Ehrhardt Matthias , Geis Anna , Shim David , Krumbacher Laurenz , Tripathi Siddharth
Published: February 2025

This forum proposes a practice-oriented approach to (de)legitimation processes in world politics. Drawing on international practice theory and visual IR, among other fields, our approach offers an important extension of existing literature on (de)legitimation that mostly concentrates on discursive (de)legitimation. Instead, this forum focuses on a broader variety of practices of (de)legitimation, such as bodily gestures and visual (de)legitimation practices, including as communicated via (social) media. The forum’s six contributions demonstrate the significance and conceptual promise of our approach by showcasing various conceptual entry points and empirical illustrations. Matthias Ecker-Ehrhardt analyzes the everyday legitimation practices of international organization officials acting as the “personal face” of institutional processes on social media. Anna Geis examines the Taliban’s symbolic and embodied practices of self-legitimation during the Doha negotiations with the United States in 2019–2020. Subsequently, Stanislav Budnitsky conceptualizes the reoccurring practice of verbally and physically assaulting foreign experts on Russian televised political talk shows as embodied legitimation practices of Russia’s anti-Western geopolitical agenda. David Shim and Laurenz Krumbacher draw attention to the everyday, visualized legitimation practices of climate activists on TikTok, emphasizing their performative dimension. Frank Gadinger turns to Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s social media-oriented public performances in parliaments around the world. Nora Stappert and Siddharth Tripathi conclude the forum with a discussion of limitations, remaining challenges, and future research avenues, including using decolonial and postcolonial approaches. Combined, our forum opens an avenue for future research that considers existing and new forms of (de)legitimation in global affairs through the lens of practice while emphasizing the crucial role of legitimacy and normativity in international practices.
Gene-Based Model To Predict Heading Date In Wheat Based On Allelic Characterization And Environmental Drivers
Authors: Jardón Mariana R , Alvarez-Prado Santiago , Vanzetti Leonardo , Gonzalez Fernanda G , Pérez-Gianmarco Thomas , Gómez Dionisio , Serrago Román A , Dubcovsky Jorge , Fernandez Long Maria Elena , Miralles Daniel J
Published: February 2025

While numerous wheat phenology prediction models are available, most of them are constrained to using variety-dependent coefficients. The overarching objective of this study was to calibrate a gene-based model to predict wheat heading date that allows breeders to select specific gene combinations that would head within the optimal window for a given environment independently of varietal genetic background. A dataset with a total of 49 Argentine wheat cultivars and two recombinant inbred lines was chosen to cover a wide range of allelic combinations for major vernalization, photoperiod, and earliness per-se genes. The model was validated using independent data from an Argentine wheat trial network that includes sites from a wide latitudinal range. Ultimately, using this gene-based model, simulations were made to identify optimal gene combinations (ideotypes) × site combinations in contrasting locations. The selected model accurately predicted heading date with an overall median error of 4.6 days. This gene-based crop model for wheat phenology allowed the identification of groups of gene combinations predicted to head within a low-risk window and can be adapted to predict other phenological stages based on accessible climatic information and publicly available molecular markers, facilitating its adoption in wheat-growing regions worldwide.
Anti-fibroblast and anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD)
Authors: Thoreau Benjamin , Renaud Arthur , Chafey Philippe , Clary Guilhem , Le Gall Morgane , Broussard Cédric , Launay Odile , Launay David , Hachulla Eric , Deligny Christophe , Baruteau Alban-Elouen , Vallet-Pichard Anaïs , Chaigne Benjamin , Yaici Azzeddine , Sitbon Olivier , Montani David , Humbert Marc , Mouthon Luc
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that may be associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Anti-fibroblast (AFA) and anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECA) have been identified in idiopathic and systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated PAH. The aim was to identify autoantibodies discriminating for PAH associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and their target antigens.

Methods

Sera were collected in the French multicentre Auto-HTAP study from 86 patients with CTD excluding SSc, including 32 with PAH (PAH+) and 54 without (PAH–). AFA and AECA were identified using one (1D) and two dimensions (2D) immunoblots and proteomics. ELISA tests using human recombinant proteins were used to confirm PAH-associated IgG reactivities.

Results

PAH+ patients had similar IgG AFA and AECA reactivities in 56.2% and 40.6% of the cases in 1D immunoblots, respectively. In 2D immunoblots, serum IgG pools from SLE patients (n = 14), MCTD (n = 10), SS (n = 9) and 14 healthy controls (n = 1) recognized respectively 273 ± 79, 205 ± 77, 109 ± 11 and 109 protein spots in fibroblasts and 189 ± 48, 146 ± 30, 88 ± 33 and 190 protein spots in endothelial cell extracts. Serum IgG from PAH+ patients recognized 39 fibroblast and 34 endothelial cell protein spots that were not recognized by IgG from PAH– patients, including Annexin A5 (ANXA5). Anti-ANXA5 IgG reactivity was significantly higher in PAH+ compared with PAH– patients with MCTD (73% vs 0%, p< 0.001) and SLE (33% vs 0%, p= 0.009).

Conclusion

Anti-ANXA5 IgG autoantibody reactivity might represent a predictive biomarker for PAH associated with MCTD and SLE.
Exploring the Landscape of Social and Economic Factors in Critical Illness Survivorship: A Scoping Review
Authors: Li Hong , Howard A. Fuchsia , Lynch Kelsey , Chu Joanne , Haljan Gregory
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:

To explore the breadth of social, demographic, and economic (SDE) factors reported in critical illness survivorship research, with a focus on how they impact survivorship outcomes.

DATA SOURCES:

We obtained articles from Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, as well as reference list reviews of included articles and relevant reviews captured by searches.

STUDY SELECTION:

SDE factors were defined as any nonmedical factor that can influence outcomes. We included primary studies published in English that explored SDE factors as an independent variable or as an outcome in post-ICU survivorship of adults. Two authors independently assessed each study for inclusion in duplicate, and conflicts were resolved by consensus. Our searches returned 7151 records, of which 83 were included for data extraction and final review.

DATA EXTRACTION:

We used a standardized data collection form to extract data, focusing on the characteristics of each study (i.e., year and country of publication), SDE factors explored, how the factors were measured, the impacts of SDE factors on post-ICU survivorship outcomes, and the impacts of ICU admission on SDE outcomes.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

We summarized the relationships between SDE factors and ICU survivorship in table format and performed a narrative synthesis. We identified 16 unique SDE factors explored in the current literature. We found that generally, higher education, income, and socioeconomic status were associated with better outcomes post-ICU; while non-White race, public insurance status, and social vulnerability were associated with poorer outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Various SDE factors have been explored in the critical illness survivorship literature and many are associated with post-ICU outcomes with varying effect sizes. There remains a gap in understanding longitudinal outcomes, mechanisms of how SDE factors interact with outcomes, and of the complexity and interconnectedness of these factors, all of which will be instrumental in guiding interventions to improve post-ICU survivorship.
The Association of ICU Acuity and Organizational Factors With Outcomes of Low-Risk Patients
Authors: Salgueiro Emmanuel S. , Kurtz Pedro , Borges Lunna P. , Bastos Leonardo S.L. , Zampieri Fernando G. , Burghi Gaston , Melo Ulisses O. , Corrêa Thiago D. , de Almeida Samantha L.S. , de Marco Fernando V.C. , Maia Marcelo O. , Cravo Victor S. , Pastore Laerte , de Freitas Flávio G.R. , Santino Marcelo S. , Saturnino Saulo F. , Lisboa Thiago C. , de Azevedo José R.A. , Varaschin Pedro A. , Veiga Viviane C. , Ferez Marcus A. , Boniatti Márcio M. , Rabahi Marcelo F. , Machado Flavia R. , Antunes Aline R.S. , Ramos Grazielle V. , Bozza Fernando A. , Salluh Jorge I.F. , Spector Nelson , Soares Marcio ,   for the Organizational CHaractEriSTics in cRitical cAre (ORCHESTRA) Study Investigators
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Outcomes of low-risk patients may be affected by the overall acuity of the ICU to which they were admitted. Studies addressing this topic are very scarce and the underlying mechanisms supporting this association remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the effects of ICU acuity (defined as the mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 of all admitted patients in the bimester in which a given patient was admitted) and organizational factors on the outcomes of patients with a low risk of dying admitted to ICUs.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

One hundred and thirty-four ICUs from Brazil and Uruguay.

Patients:

All low-risk (defined as a Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 probability of death < 3%) patients admitted between 2016 and 2018.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

The primary outcome was hospital mortality; secondary outcomes were ICU mortality, and ICU and hospital lengths of stay (LOS). ICU acuity was evaluated as a continuous variable. Multilevel multivariable regression analyses were used to explore the association between ICU acuity, organizational characteristics, and outcomes. Of 285,553 patients, 69,675 (24.4%) were considered low risk. Elective surgeries (66.2%) were the main admission reason. In the models adjusted for patient- and ICU-level characteristics, ICU acuity was not associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.095 [0.942–1.274]) and all secondary outcomes. These results were consistent in sensitivity analyses. The presence of dedicated pharmacists in the ICU (OR = 0.531 [0.365–0.773]) and the number of implemented clinical protocols (OR = 0.817 [0.688–0.970]) were independently associated with lower hospital mortality. Clinical protocols were also associated with shorter ICU and hospital LOS.

Conclusions:

ICU acuity was not associated with outcomes in low-risk patients. Appropriate multidisciplinary staffing coupled with adherence to best clinical practices are essential to optimize efficiency and minimize variability of care for this population.
Bone Changes With Silicone Chin Implants: Clinical Case, Review, and Considerations for Technique Modification
Authors: Madorsky Simon J. , Meltzer Orr A.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Bone resorption has been imputed to silicone chin implants as the cause of the reported bone changes with chin augmentation. Bone remodeling is complex. Both neo-ossification and bone resorption can occur.

Methods:

A literature review was performed on bone complications of silicone chin implants and bone remodeling with periosteal manipulation. Available data from plastic surgical and dental literature, alongside a case observation showing neo-ossification 10 years after implantation, were analyzed and used to explain patterns of bone changes around chin implants.

Results:

Periosteal elevation induces bone formation. Spur-like neo-ossification with silicone chin implants is caused by subperiosteal implant placement. Our case describes such neo-ossification 10 years after silicone chin implantation. The pressure of an implant on bone can cause limited bone resorption. The pressure of an implant trapped under a forming bone shelf can cause significant bone resorption in rare cases.

Conclusions:

Previously reported mandibular bone resorption ascribed to silicone chin implants has been overwrought. Bone formation is more common with silicone chin augmentation. We propose surgical modifications to limit bone complications of chin implants based on the reviewed literature. Surgical approaches to periosteal elevation and implant insertion and consideration of alternate biomaterials to silicone chin implants may improve outcomes of chin augmentation.
Demographic Data of Orbital Fat Removal for Dark Circles Under Eyes in Nationwide Cosmetic Surgery Group
Authors: Tamura Takahiko , Funakoshi Yusuke , Okuma Hiromichi , Furuichi Yoshimasa , Tamura Taichi , Fuse Takashi , Toma Miku , Okumura Koki , Teranishi Hiroo
Published: February 2025

Background:

Transconjunctival orbital fat removal has exhibited an increasing trend in Japan. This study, conducted in more than 100 clinics in Japan, aimed to contribute to the evolving body of evidence guiding surgical procedures.

Methods:

We analyzed data from our institutional database of 127,505 patients who underwent orbital fat removal for dark circles under the eyes at our clinic. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, occupation, number of debridement sites, medications, and comorbidities.

Results:

The number of procedures has been increasing annually, surpassing 70,000 in 2023. A total of 86.5% of patients were women and 13% were men. The top 3 occupations of patients included company employees (46.2%), housewives (10.4%), and others (9.9%). The median age of patients was 43 (range 33–51) years, showing a trend toward older age. Nearly all excess orbital fatty areas were removed via total resection. Patients undergoing total resection were significantly older on average compared with those undergoing partial resection. Comorbidities, including hypertension, glaucoma, and retinal disease, tended to increase annually. Both steroids and antiplatelet/anticoagulant medications were increasingly used, with the former accounting for 26.5 patients per month and the latter for 10.8 patients per month in the last year.

Conclusions:

The number of middle-aged and older patients is increasing, suggesting a future increase in procedures. The aging demographic will likely lead to a higher prevalence of comorbidities and high-risk medications in the patient population. Surgeons must be aware of these risk factors and possess the skills to manage them safely and effectively.
Arteriovenous Loops for Free Flaps to the Abdomen and Pelvis: Case Reports and Pearls
Authors: Jagasia Puja , Shah Shivani A. , Bagdady Kazimir , Dumanian Gregory A. , Fracol Megan E.
Published: February 2025

Arteriovenous (AV) loops formed from the greater saphenous vein and femoral artery can facilitate free tissue transfer to the abdomen or pelvis when adequate recipient vessels are not available. Here, we present the application of this technique in 3 cases where patients had significant abdominal or pelvic defects due to oncological resection or trauma. AV loops were successfully created using a saphenous vein turned up into the femoral artery at the level of the groin. These loops were then tunneled through the groin and cut back to form recipient vessels for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps in a single-stage procedure. In all 3 cases, AV loops constructed with this technique served as reliable conduits for free ALT flaps. Only 1 complication occurred. Following a drop in tissue oximetry, 1 patient was taken back to the operating room. A stitch was found to be compressing the pedicle. Following release, no further complications were observed and all patients achieved complete wound healing. In this article, we highlight key surgical techniques to maintain the orientation of the vein during AV loop anastomosis, which prevents kinking. We provide technical insights regarding tunneling the AV loop through the groin without compression, anchoring the pedicle appropriately, and positioning the ALT flap anastomosis. Our success with this technique underscores its potential in facilitating complex pelvic and abdominal reconstruction.
Association of Frailty, Comorbidities and Muscularity With GOS and 30-Day Mortality After TBI in Elderly Patients—A Retrospective Study in 1104 Patients
Authors: Niedermeyer Sebastian , Weig Thomas , Leiber Mathias , Gencer Aylin , Stöcklein Sophia , Terpolilli Nicole A.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of various frailty assessment tools in predicting 30-day mortality and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge in elderly patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Additionally, the study evaluated the role of muscularity as surrogate for frailty in the context of TBI.

Setting:

Data were collected from patients treated as inpatients in a single hospital.

Participants:

All patients aged 60 years or older who were admitted for TBI between 1/2010 and 12/2020.

Design:

A single-center study, with retrospective analysis of clinical notes and computed tomography (CT) imaging at admission.

Mean Measures:

Assessment of frailty by different frailty grading scales, comorbidities by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), assessment of muscularity by muscle area measurements and their association with outcome of TBI.

Results:

A total of 1104 patients with a median age of 78 years (IQR 72-84) were identified. The overall mortality rate was 12.9% (n = 137). Multivariate regression models identified frailty measured by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) (P < .0001) as predictive variable for short-term mortality and the CCI as predictive variable for GOS at discharge (P = .009); muscle area measurements as surrogate markers of sarcopenia were not associated with outcome in our cohort. Implementing frailty as measured by CFS and CCI into prognostic models for short-term mortality increased their predictive power (increase of area under the ROC curve from 0.897 to 0.919).

Conclusions:

Geriatric-specific models are necessary for a more accurate prognosis estimation of elderly patients with TBI. Our findings suggest that frailty measured by CFS and assessment of comorbidities by CCI adds prognostic value, while muscularity at various locations (as assessed in CT imaging) had no effect on 30-day mortality after TBI.
Evaluating the Implementation of an Occupational Therapy-Led Concussion Clinic Model Into Usual Practice: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Natoli Adrianne , Hunt Ethan , Hays Emma , Thompson Eloise , Ioannidis Samantha , Read David J , Withiel Toni D , Marston Celia
Published: February 2025

Objectives: (1) To evaluate the implementation of Australia’s first occupational therapy-led concussion clinic model into usual practice by examining acceptability and fidelity among clinicians and service users, and (2) to explore the feasibility of embedding outcome measures into the service to facilitate longer-term clinic evaluation. Setting and Participants: A large tertiary trauma hospital service in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were patients referred to the concussion clinic and occupational therapists working in the service. Design: Prospective, single-site, mixed methods design. Main Measures: Acceptability outcomes were evaluated using clinician interviews and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8. Clinic fidelity was assessed by service usage data. Long-term patient outcomes assessed concussion (Rivermead Post-Concussive Questionnaire), mood symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and participation in activities of daily living (Community Integration Questionnaire-Revised). Results: Over 18 months, 73% (n = 177) of patients were referred to the clinic, and 75% attended. Adherence to protocol was achieved; however, the completion rate of post-treatment measures was low. Almost half of the patients required specialist referrals beyond the clinic model for persistent symptoms. The interviewed occupational therapists (n = 6) viewed the clinic as a “safety net for patients,” believed they were “learning as we go,” recognized that the “clinic had potential to grow,” but admitted, “we could be doing more.” High attendance rates and patient satisfaction further supported clinic acceptance at an end-user level. Conclusion: An occupational therapy-led concussion clinic is accepted by patients and clinicians to capture the immediate needs of people with concussions after discharge. However, coordinated pathways to multidisciplinary care are needed to address the long-term needs of people with persistent concussion symptoms and problems returning to daily activities.