bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccinating Calves
Authors: Woolums Amelia R.
Published: February 2023

For decades, veterinarians have believed that young animals with circulating maternally-derived antibody cannot be effectively vaccinated. However, many investigators have shown that young animals vaccinated in the face of maternal antibody (IFOMA), while not showing evidence of an increase in serum antibody titer typically seen in older animals responding to vaccination, will show evidence of T cell activation or, better yet, protection from disease when they are exposed to infection after maternal antibodies have disappeared. Successful priming for a memory immune response by vaccination IFOMA has repeatedly been shown to be possible in calves. In general, successful vaccination of calves with moderate levels of maternal antibody requires two doses of modified-live vaccine given at least 2-4 weeks apart, but exceptions to this rule have been identified. While two doses are more likely to be successful, in some cases it has been possible to protect calves from disease months later by vaccination with a single dose of modified-live vaccine given intranasally or parenterally when they are within two months of age. However, these findings are not consistent; occasionally young animals vaccinated IFOMA fail to develop a protective immune response to later challenge. Reasons that calves are often but not always successfully protected when vaccinated IFOMA are not completely defined, but are likely related to age of the animal at vaccination, amount of maternal antibody present, type of vaccine the calf receives, virulence of the challenging pathogen, and the outcome used to define success of vaccination. While more research is needed before consistently reliable recommendations for successful vaccination of calves IFOMA can be made, ample evidence suggests that vaccination IFOMA can protect calves from disease when they are exposed to infectious agents after maternal antibodies have disappeared in at least some cases. Thus, vaccination IFOMA may be worthwhile and cost effective practice when young calves are at reasonably high risk of disease due to agents for which effective vaccines are available.
Epidemiology of Endemic Infectious Diseases
Authors: Schukken Ynte H. , Green Laura , Medley Graham
Published: February 2023

Endemic infectious diseases (such as mastitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), Johne's disease (JD), or tuberculosis in cattle) are common causes of disease in livestock. They affect health and well-being and reduce the economic potential of each animal, herd and industry. Endemic diseases exhibit necessarily complex epidemiologic and pathogenic behavior; those that exhibit less complex behavior have generally already been controlled. We are still far from fully understanding the epidemiology and pa tho biology of many endemic infectious diseases. To improve animal health through control of infectious disease, we need to understand endemic disease persistence.

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into some of the mechanisms for disease persistence. Weargue that heterogeneities in hosts and pathogens, and survival of the organism in the environment, play an important role in maintaining endemicity. The options to either eliminate or control endemic infectious diseases are explored using some common infectious disease examples. Finally, approaches to optimally manage infectious diseases of livestock are discussed.
Effect of BVDV on Various Claw Disorders
Authors: Moen A. R. , Holzhauer M. , Berends I.
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this case control pilot study was to determine associations between BVDV infection and various claw disorders.
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Authors: Snyder Joseph H.
Published: February 2023

Sheep, goats and camelids are small enough to be "manhandled" for restraint for painful procedures. In addition, their nature as prey animals makes them relatively docile and disinclined to vocalize loudly when subjected to pain, with the exception of goats. As a result, they have traditionally been handled with less attention to pain management than other species. Nevertheless, they feel pain and suffer as much as any other species and should be treated with as much care and attention to analgesia and pain management.

One of the primary goals of pain management is to prevent CNS nociceptive "windup" through preemptive analgesia. To this end, we look for drugs that decrease or prevent transmission of painful stimuli to the brain to be administered sufficiently in advance of the painful stimuli so there is minimal CNS excitation. Often this can best be accomplished by use of several drugs in combination--the so-called anesthetic or analgesic "cocktail". Other drugs may be added before, during, or after painful procedures to further modulate pain. By combined, integrated pain management we hope to bring patients through minor surgeries with minimal suffering and loss of production.
Serological Response to Administration of Brucella Abortus RB 51 Vaccine, Using Needle-Free and Standard Needle-Based Injection System
Authors: Pires A. , Hoar B. , Olsen S. C. , Sischo W.
Published: February 2023

The data suggests that the response of calves to vaccination with SRB51 using a needle-free injection system is similar to the response obtained with standard needle-and-syringe system.
Small Ruminant and Camelid Critical Care Tips and Tricks
Authors: Callan Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Small ruminant and camelid veterinary medicine can be an important and economically viable portion of veterinary practice. The evolution of small ruminant and camelid owners has put veterinarians in the position to be expected to provide more extensive care for some of these patients. The New World Camelid industry continues to grow in the United States, although it is uncertain how long this growth will be sustained. The sale prices for New World Camelids remain high and due to the investment nature of these animals, owners will often seek high-level veterinary care. In addition, owners are obligated to seek appropriate medical treatment of animals with mortality insurance and this may necessitate more extensive medical care. There is also an increase in the number of owners raising pet livestock, in particular sheep and goats. These clients will often pursue veterinary medical care that is in excess of the monetary value of the animal. For these reasons, it is important for practitioners working with these species to be familiar with basic critical care techniques.

The methods described are developed from the collective experiences of clinicians at the Colorado State University James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital. While these methods are biased toward the types of routine and tertiary cases that we see, they will provide the general practitioner with many tools to treat routine and critical care patients. The topics and key concepts presented can be put to use immediately in a veterinary practice.
The growth characteristics of algae in the presence of N-acylhomoserine lactones
Authors: Yang Yuankun , Wen Xinyu , Liu Jie , Chen Shu , Wang Bin
Published: February 2023

Algal–bacterial symbiotic system is ubiquitous in natural water and has an important impact on water quality and environment such as algal toxins from extracellular secretions. In general, the species diversity and abundance of this system can be dynamically regulated by quorum sensing (QS). However, very little is known about extracellular secretions of algal–bacterial symbiotic system under the QS process. In this study, the effects of N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) on the algal–bacterial symbiotic system were investigated. When the supplemental concentration was between 250 and 500 μg/L, the biological dry weight, Chl-a, and phycocyanin of algae cells and the fluorescence intensity of extracellular humic acid and fulvic acid increased greatly. Whereas, when the supplemental concentration was greater than 750 μg/L, the concentration of Chl-a and phycocyanin showed opposite patterns. This result indicates that AHLs can mediate communication between algae cells and bacteria, and bacteria can regulate the growth of algae by secreting signal molecules. The results of this study also provide useful information for blue-green algae outbreaks prediction by changing trend of AHLs in water.
Total mechanical energy budget in open-channel transitions with turbulent flows
Authors: Mahmoudi Mahsa , Banihashemi Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2023

The issue of mechanical energy budget has received a lot of attention in open-channel flows which are frequently turbulent. Turbulent motions play a major role in the total mechanical energy of the flow field. It is difficult to evaluate total mechanical energy balance and energy loss for 3-D turbulent flows in irregular open channels due to the formation of vortices and the presence of secondary currents. In 3-D turbulent flows, the effect of these phenomena has often been considered as the empirical coefficient of energy loss. In this study, these details in the total mechanical energy budget are investigated through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, a new form of the total mechanical energy equation and a relationship for the energy loss in 3-D turbulent flows are derived, and their applications are examined in open-channel transitions. For this purpose, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically, and the results are used to obtain the various terms in the total mechanical energy balance equation and analyze the details. The relationships derived in this study generally support the concept of the total mechanical energy budget to comprehend the turbulence parameters affecting the mechanical energy balance in various open-channel flows.
Adopción del rol del cuidador familiar en uso de medicamentos: revisión integrativa
Authors: Carreño-Moreno Sonia , Rojas-Marin Zoraida , Vargas-Escobar Lina , Rojas-Reyes Jennifer , Montenegro-Ramírez Juan David , Chaparro-Diaz Lorena
Published: February 2023

Se realizó una revisión integrativa descriptiva cuyo objetivo fue explorar la literatura sobre el desempeño del rol de cuidadores familiares respecto al uso de medicamentos a sus familiares con enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT). Se buscó en bases de datos los términos MeSH y DeCS drug therapy, drug administration, medication adherence, role adoption, family caregiver y chronic disease, en publicaciones entre 2010 y 2020. Como resultado se seleccionaron y analizaron 27 artículos y se determinaron tres núcleos temáticos: 1) respuestas ante el rol del cuidador; 2) organización del rol y gestión del cuidador y 3) ejecución y desempeño del rol en el uso de medicamentos. Se concluye que conectar recursos de aprendizaje, organizar sus actividades y volverse hábil para responder a las necesidades farmacológicas de su familiar son estrategias que evidencian la adopción del rol del cuidador en la administración de medicamentos.
TECA: adaptación y validación del Test de Empatía cognitiva y afectiva en profesionales de la salud de Córdoba - Colombia
Authors: Ruiz-González Erika , Muñoz-Argel Martha , Cabas-Hoyos Kattia , Crespi Melina
Published: February 2023

La empatía es una de las habilidades blandas a considerarse prioridad en el profesional de la salud dado el estado de vulnerabilidad y necesidad de comprensión del asistido, en tal sentido, esta característica pone de relieve la pertinencia de disponer de instrumentos de evaluación para valorar la particular actitud esperable del profesional médico. Atendiendo este propósito, se estableció como objetivo de estudio, la adaptación y validación del (TECA) test de empatía cognitiva y afectiva en profesionales de la salud de la ciudad de Córdoba, Colombia. La validez de constructo se estableció mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio en una muestra de 800 participantes y ajuste del modelo con límites estándares de aceptación: RMSEA=0,0083, CFI = 0,929 y TLI = 0,919. Se obtuvo fiabilidad en valores satisfactorios usando coeficiente alfa ordinal para cada una de las dimensiones, con puntajes entre 0,79 y 0,90. Finalmente, los resultados de este estudio permiten concluir que el TECA es una herramienta válida y confiable para evaluar la empatía en profesionales de la salud en medicina.
Does Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Consumption Improve Blood
Glucose, Body Weight and Body Mass Index? A Systematic Review
and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Atefi Masoumeh , Heidari Zahra , Shojaei Mehrnaz , Askari Gholamreza , Kesharwani Prashant , Bagherniya Mohamad , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: February 2023

Background:

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has a structure similar to whole grains and contains phytochemicals and dietary fiber. Hence, it is considered a food substance with a high nutritional value.

Objective:

The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of quinoa in reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) in a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Methods:

A comprehensive search in ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as Google Scholar, was conducted up to November 2022 to identify reports of randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of quinoa on FBG, BW, and BMI.

Results:

Seven trials comprising 258 adults with mean ages of 31 to 64 years were included in this review. Studies used 15 to 50 grams of quinoa/per day as an intervention, and the intervention was between 28 to 180 days. In a dose-response analysis of FBG, there was significant evidence of a nonlinear association between intervention and FBG based on the quadratic model (P-value for nonlinearity= 0.027); hence, the slope of the curve increased when quinoa intake was nearly 25 g/day. In comparison between quinoa seed supplementation and placebo, our findings showed that quinoa seed supplementation did not have a significant effect on BMI (MD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.98, 0.47; I2=0%, P=0.998) and BW (MD: -0.54; 95% CI: -3.05, 1.97; I2=0%, P=0.99), when compared with placebo. Evidence of publication bias was not found among the included studies.

Conclusion:

The present analysis revealed the beneficial effects of quinoa on the blood glucose level. Further studies on quinoa are needed to confirm these results.
A Short Review of Antimalarial Compounds with Sulfonamide Moiety
Authors: Dantas Leonardo C. , Campos Vinicius R. , Borges Julio C. , Pinheiro Luiz C.S.
Published: February 2023

Malaria is a public health problem that causes thousands of deaths, primarily in children in
African regions. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have helped to save thousands of
lives; however, due to Plasmodium's resistance to available treatments, there is a need to search for
new low-cost drugs that act through different mechanisms of action to contain this disease. This review
shows that compounds with sulfonamide moiety, possibly, act as inhibitors of P. falciparum carbonic
anhydrases, moreover, when linked to a variety of heterocycles potentiate the activities of these
compounds and may be used in the design of new antimalarial drugs.
Role of Circulating Exosomes in Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive
Review
Authors: Lu Zhiwen , Tang Haishuang , Li Sisi , Zhu Shijie , Li Siqi , Huang Qinghai
Published: February 2023

Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles that contain multiple macromolecules secreted by the
parent cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. In recent years, the function of exosomes
in cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) has been intensively studied. Herein, we briefly review the
current understanding of exosomes in CVDs. We discuss their role in the pathophysiology of the diseases
and the value of the exosomes for clinical applications as biomarkers and potential therapies.
Antifungal Effect of Carrot Carotenoids on Candida Species
Authors: Askari Neda , Madani Mahboobeh , Fouladgar Masoud , Shakib Pegah
Published: February 2023

Background:

Candidiasis is a serious problem in women's health that is caused by Candida species, especially Candida albicans. In this study, the effect of carotenoids in carrot extracts on Candida species including Candida albicans ATCC1677, Candida glabrata CBS2175, Candida parapsilosis ATCC2195, and Candida tropicalis CBS94 was investigated.

Methods:

In this descriptive study, the carrot plant was prepared from a carrot planting site in December 2012, and then the characteristics of the plant were determined. After extracting carotenoids from carrots, the susceptibility of different Candida species to carotenoids in carrot extract was determined. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration of the extracts were measured by the macro-dilution method. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post-hoc test with Bonferroni adjustment.

Results:

The highest growth inhibition zone was obtained for carrot extract at a concentration of 500 mg/ml for C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. The MFC of carrot extract on Candida species was 62.5 mg/ml for C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis, and 125 mg/ml for C. tropicalis. The MFC of carrot extract on Candida species was 125 mg/ml for C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis, and 250 mg/ml for C. tropicalis.

Conclusion:

The present study can be the starting point for research activities in this direction and promises new therapies based on the use of carotenoids.
Predicting Preeclampsia Using Principal Component Analysis and Decision
Tree Classifier
Authors: Musa Farida , Prasad Rajesh
Published: February 2023

Background:

Preeclampsia affects pregnant women, resulting in stroke, organ failure, and other health problems like seizures. The effect of preeclampsia is most pronounced in developing countries and it affects about 4% of pregnant women causing several illnesses and even death. The key to solving the problem of preeclampsia is its early detection and use of machine learning algorithms that can take various demographic features, biochemical markers, or biophysical features, select important features and find hidden patterns that point to preeclampsia.

Objective:

The objective of this research is to develop a machine-learning framework to detect Preeclampsia in pregnant women.

Methods:

This research develops a model to detect preeclampsia using principal component analysis (PCA) as a feature selection, k-means as an outlier detection, a combination of SMOTE oversampling, random under sampling and the decision tree (DT) to classify and predict the risk of preeclampsia among pregnant women. The data was obtained from the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.

Results:

Findings revealed that the combination of the PCA, SMOTE and random undersampling and DT outcome resulted in the best accuracy of 96.8% which is better than the accuracy of existing work (92.1%). Furthermore, the reliability of the model was measured and tested using Bayesian Probability.

Conclusion:

The developed model can be helpful to Health care providers in checking preeclampsia among women with high blood pressure during their second antenatal visits.
Development and Study of a Knowledge Graph for Retrieving the
Relationship Between BVDV and Related Genes
Authors: Bai Yunli , Zhou Weiguang , Lv Jia , Chang Lu , Li Yingfei , Wang Rulin
Published: February 2023

Background:

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can cause diarrhea, abortion, and immunosuppression
in cattle, imposing huge economic losses for the global cattle industry. The pathogenic
and immune mechanisms of BVDV remain elusive. The development of a BVDV-gene knowledge base
can provide clues to reveal the interaction of BVDV with host cells. However, the traditional method of
manually establishing a knowledge base is time-consuming and inefficient. The method of developing a
knowledge base based on deep learning has noticeably attracted scholars' attention recently.

Objective:

The study aimed to explore the substitution of deep learning for manual mining of BVDVrelated
genes and to develop a knowledge graph of the relationship between BVDV and related genes.

Methods:

A deep learning-based biomedical knowledge graph development method was proposed,
which used deep learning to mine biomedical knowledge, model BVDV and various gene concepts, and
store data in a graphical database. First, the PubMed database was used as the data source and crawler
technology to obtain abstract data on the relationship between BVDV and various host genes. Pretrained
BioBERT model was used for biomedical named entity recognition to obtain all types of gene
entities, and the pre-trained BERT model was utilized for relationship extraction to achieve the relationship
between BVDV and various gene entities. Then, it was combined with manual proofreading to obtain
structured triple data with high accuracy. Finally, the Neo4j graph database was used to store data
and to develop the knowledge graph of the relationship between BVDV and related genes.

Results:

The results showed the obtainment of 71 gene entity types, including PRL4, MMP-7, TGIF1,
etc. 9 relation types of BVDV and gene entities were obtained, including "can downregulate expression
of", "can upregulate expression of", "can suppress expression of", etc. The knowledge graph was developed
using deep learning to mine biomedical knowledge combined with manual proofreading, which
was faster and more efficient than the traditional method of establishing knowledge base manually, and
the retrieval of semantic information by storing data in graph database was also more efficient.

Conclusion:

A BVDV-gene knowledge graph was preliminarily developed, which provided a basis for
studying the interaction between BVDV and host cells.
Identification of Membrane Protein Types Based Using Hypergraph
Neural Network
Authors: Lu Weizhong , Qian Meiling , Zhang Yu , Wu Hongjie , Ding Yijie , Shen Jiawei , Chen Xiaoyi , Li Haiou , Fu Qiming
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Membrane proteins play an important role in living organisms as one of the
main components of biological membranes. The problem in membrane protein classification and prediction
is an important topic of membrane proteomics research because the function of proteins can be
quickly determined if membrane protein types can be discriminated.

Methods:

Most current methods to classify membrane proteins are labor-intensive and require a lot of
resources. In this study, five methods, Average Block (AvBlock), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT),
Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Histogram of Orientation Gradient (HOG), and Pseudo-PSSM
(PsePSSM), were used to extract features in order to predict membrane proteins on a large scale. Then,
we combined the five obtained feature matrices and constructed the corresponding hypergraph association
matrix. Finally, the feature matrices and hypergraph association matrices were integrated to identify
the types of membrane proteins using a hypergraph neural network model (HGNN).

Results:

The proposed method was tested on four membrane protein benchmark datasets to evaluate its
performance. The results showed 92.8%, 88.6%, 88.2%, and 99.0% accuracy on each of the four
datasets.

Conclusion:

Compared to traditional machine learning classifier methods, such as Random Forest (RF),
Support Vector Machine (SVM), etc., HGNN prediction performance was found to be better.
MaxDEL: Accurate and Efficient Calling of Genomic Deletions from
Single Molecular Real-time Sequencing Using Integrated Method
Authors: Yu Xinyu , Lv Yaoxian , Cai Lei , Gao Jingyang
Published: February 2023

Background:

Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing data are characterized by
long read length and high read depth. Compared to next-generation sequencing (NGS), SMRT sequencing
data can present more structural variations (SVs) and have greater advantages in calling variation.
However, there are high sequencing errors and noises in SMRT sequencing data, which causes
inaccuracy in calling SVs from sequencing data. Most existing tools cannot overcome sequencing errors
and detect genomic deletions.

Objective:

In this investigation, we propose a new method for calling deletions from SMRT sequencing
data called MaxDEL.

Methods:

Firstly, MaxDEL uses a machine learning method to calibrate the deletion regions from the
variant call format (VCF) file. Secondly, it develops a novel feature visualization method to convert
the variant features to images and uses these images to accurately call the deletions based on a convolutional
neural network (CNN).

Results:

The result shows that MaxDEL performs better in terms of accuracy and recall for calling
variants when compared to existing methods in both real data and simulative data.

Conclusion:

MaxDEL can effectively overcome SMRT sequencing data's noise and integrate new
machine learning and deep learning technologies. The method can capture the variant features of the
deletions and establish the learning model between images and gene data. In our experiment, the
MaxDEL method is superior to NextSV, SVIM, Sniffles, Picky and SMRT-SV, especially in recall
and F1-score.
Biomarkers Identification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Multiomics
Data Integration and Graph-embedded Deep Neural Network
Authors: Yan Chaokun , Li Mengyuan , Suo Zhihao , Zhang Jun , Wang Jianlin , Zhang Ge , Liang Wenjuan , Luo Huimin
Published: February 2023

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignancies with high mortality rate, and identify relevant biomarkers of HCC is helpful for early diagnosis and patient care. Though some high-dimensional omic data contains intrinsic biomedical information about HCC, how to integrate analysis them effectively and find promising biomarkers of HCC is still an important and difficult issue.

Methods:

We present a novel biomarker identification approach, named GEDNN, based on multi-omic
data and graph-embedded deep neural network. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of
HCC, we first collected and normalized the three following types of HCC-related data: DNA methylation,
copy number variation (CNV), and gene expression. The ANOVA was adopted to filter out redundant
genes. Then, we measured the connectivity between gene pairs by Pearson correlation coefficient
of gene pairs, and further construct gene graph. Next, graph-embedded feedforward neural network
(DFN) and back-propagation of convolutional neural network (CNN) were combined to integratively
analyze the three types of omics data and achieve the importance score of gene biomarkers

Results:

Extensive experimental results showed that the biomarkers screened by the proposed method
were effective in classifying and predicting HCC. Furthermore, the gene analysis further showed that
the biomarkers screened by our method were strongly associated with the development of HCC.

Conclusion:

In this paper, we propose the GEDNN method to assess the importance of genes for more
accurate identification of cancer biomarkers, which facilitates the effective classification of cancers. The
proposed method is applied to multi-omics data of HCC, including RNASeq, DNAMeth and CNV, considering
the complementary information between different types of data. We construct a gene graph by
Pearson correlation coefficients as additional information for DFN, thus reducing the importance score
of redundant genes. In addition, the proposed method also incorporates back-propagation of CNN to
further obtain the importance of features.
Medicinal, Pharmacological and Biochemical Progress on the Study of
Genus Helianthemum: A Review
Authors: Mouffouk Soumia , Mouffouk Chaima , Mouffouk Sara , Haba Hamada
Published: February 2023

The genus Helianthemum from the Cistaceae family includes about 110 plants, which are
well known for their wide therapeutic uses and interesting pharmacological activities. To the best of
our knowledge, there are no previous comprehensive and critical reviews on the therapeutic applications,
chemical composition, and biological properties of this genus. In this context, the present paper
describes a systematic mini-review on the traditional use, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological
properties of species belonging to the genus Helianthemum. For this, more than 75 papers covering
the period from 1970 to 2022 were collected and analyzed to achieve this review. From 110 species
of the genus Helianthemum, only 22 species were studied. Helianthemum species are widely used
in folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory, hepatic, renal, psychiatric, and inflammatory diseases.
According to the collected information, species from this genus have several pharmacological
properties linked to their rich chemical composition, particularly in phenolic compounds and flavonoids.
In fact, Helianthemum plants have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic,
insecticide, anticancer, antiulcer, larvicide, chemo, and hepatoprotective activities, justifying
their various uses in traditional medicine. Despite the intense use of Helianthemum species in traditional
human and veterinary medicine, few studies were conducted on the phytochemical composition
and pharmacological activities of the plants constituting this genus. In fact, until now, the emphasis
has only been on twenty-two species and the work carried out was not explanatory, especially for
certain species. So it will be interesting to broaden the spectrum of the tested biological activities, especially
for endemic species in order to understand the possible modes of action and to confirm the
toxicity of certain species.
Gonolobus gonzaleziarum (Apocynaceae), especie nueva de la ecorregión Madrense Tropical de la Sierra Madre Occidental, México
Authors: Pío-León Juan F. , Castro-Castro Arturo , Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O.
Published: February 2023

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Gonolobus comprende alrededor de 150 especies en el mundo, con poco más de 40 de ellas  distribuidas en México. En los últimos dos años se han descrito  al menos cinco nuevas especies de este país. En el presente  trabajo se describe una nueva especie dentro del subgénero  Pseudolachnostoma.
Métodos: Se revisaron 13 herbarios, tres bases de datos digitales y literatura especializada. Con base en esto se  compararon las especies similares y se generó una clave de  identificación. Se realizaron expediciones a campo de 2019 a  2022 y se colectó y monitoreó la fenología de la especie de  interés. Se planteó como hipótesis explicativa el concepto  cohesivo de especie para el reconocimiento de los taxones aquí  tratados. Resultados clave: Se describe la especie nueva Gonolobus gonzaleriarum, conocida de dos localidades de bosques de Pinus-Quercus entre los límites sureste y suroeste de los estados de Sinaloa y Durango, respectivamente. Se diferencia de las especies del subgénero Pseudolachnostoma por poseer ginostegio con un estípite reducido, lóbulos de la corola y sépalos de menor longitud que el tubo, aroma cítrico e inflorescencia densa. Se incluyen láminas fotográficas y una ilustración con los caracteres distintivos de la nueva especie, así como una clave dicotómica con las especies del subgénero Pseudolachnostoma. Con base en su área de distribución reducida y hábitat impactado, se considera una especie amenazada de acuerdo con los criterios de la IUCN.Conclusiones: Con el presente descubrimiento, el género Gonolobus llega a 45 especies en México con 24 endémicas. Gonolobus gonzaleriarum se considera con gran potencial ornamental por sus inflorescencias conspicuas y agradable aroma cítrico, lo que motiva en fomentar estrategias para su conservación, ya que se encuentra en una distribución restringida y hábitat amenazado.
Pengembangan Kurikulum Berbasis Luaran Di Era Disrupsi (Outcomes-Based Curriculume In Disrupstion Era - OBCiDE) Berdasarkan Stakholders Internal Di Program Studi S1 Teknik Sipil FT UNY
Authors: Panisha Reni
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan lulusan Program Studi S1 Teknik Sipil FT UNY Berbasis Luaran Di Era Disrupsi (Outcomes-Based Curriculume In Disrupstion Era - OBCiDE) berdasarkan Stakeholders Internal di Program Studi S1 Teknik Sipil FT UNY. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Deskriptif dimana pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyelenggarakan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) secara zoom meeting di S1 Teknik Sipil FT UNY yang dihadiri oleh stakeholders internal. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari literatur baik secara dokumen fisik maupun internet yang berisi tentang keteknik sipilan di era disrupsi daan kurikulum SI Teknik Sipil FT UNY yang digunakan saat ini. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini merujuk pada Miles dan Huberman dengan empat tahapan, yaitu: (1) Koleksi Data (2) Reduksi Data (3) Tampilan Data (4) Kesimpulan atau Verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan perlu diintegrasikannya hal - hal berikut ke dalam kurikulum S1 Teknik Sipil di Era Disrupsi: (1) perlunya memiliki kemampuan informasi dan teknologi dibidang keteknik sipilan sesuai dengan kebutuhan industri yang mengikuti perkembangan dari masa ke masa. (2) penggunaan BIM dalam bidang manajemen konstruksi. (3) pentingnya peningkatan kualitas implementasi kurikulum dalam pembelajaran. Masukan tersebut dapat ditambahkan ke dalam rumusan CPL dan struktur kurikulum yang ada.Pengembangan Kurikulum Berbasis Luaran Di Era Disrupsi (Outcomes-Based Curriculume In Disrupstion Era - OBCIDE) Berdasarkan Stakholders Internal Di Program Studi S1 Teknik Sipil FT UNY
Robust fault-tolerant tracking control for a class of T-S fuzzy systems subject to actuator failure and external disturbance
Authors:   College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, Alkaik S. , Kchaou M. ,   College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2023

Based on the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model approach, this study discusses the robust fault-tolerant tracking controller design for non-linear systems affected by external disturbances, uncertainties, and actuator failures. In contrast to existing results, this study assumes the actuator fault model includes linear and nonlinear terms, and a state feedback controller is designed to improve the tracking and stability of the system when actuators fail. Using a non-quadratic Lyapunov function, new sufficient conditions for L_2-gain tracking performance analysis are derived to determine simultaneously the minimal level of the L_2-gain and controller gains. The robustness of the proposed approach is also investigated. An illustration of the theoretical developments is provided by a Duffing forced oscillation system.
Modification of the cathode material around the explosive electron emission centers in the spark stage of vacuum breakdown
Authors: Nefedtsev E. V.  , Onischenko S. A.
Published: February 2023

On the basis of numerical calculations estimates for the fields of mechanical stresses around the explosive electron emission centers of the cathode during the development of pulsed vacuum breakdown are given. Expansion of material due to conduction loss was taken into account. It is shown that the sizes of regions with broken crystalline structure is much larger than the corresponding of explosive emission centers. Keywords: vacuum breakdown, explosive electron emission, mechanical stresses.
Using Social Media Data to Investigate Public Perceptions of Cannabis as a Medicine: Narrative Review
Authors: Khademi Sedigh , Hallinan Christine Mary , Conway Mike , Bonomo Yvonne
Published: February 2023

Background

The use and acceptance of medicinal cannabis is on the rise across the globe. To support the interests of public health, evidence relating to its use, effects, and safety is required to match this community demand. Web-based user-generated data are often used by researchers and public health organizations for the investigation of consumer perceptions, market forces, population behaviors, and for pharmacoepidemiology.

Objective

In this review, we aimed to summarize the findings of studies that have used user-generated text as a data source to study medicinal cannabis or the use of cannabis as medicine. Our objectives were to categorize the insights provided by social media research on cannabis as medicine and describe the role of social media for consumers using medicinal cannabis.

Methods

The inclusion criteria for this review were primary research studies and reviews that reported on the analysis of web-based user-generated content on cannabis as medicine. The MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from January 1974 to April 2022.

Results

We examined 42 studies published in English and found that consumers value their ability to exchange experiences on the web and tend to rely on web-based information sources. Cannabis discussions have portrayed the substance as a safe and natural medicine to help with many health conditions including cancer, sleep disorders, chronic pain, opioid use disorders, headaches, asthma, bowel disease, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These discussions provide a rich resource for researchers to investigate medicinal cannabis–related consumer sentiment and experiences, including the opportunity to monitor cannabis effects and adverse events, given the anecdotal and often biased nature of the information is properly accounted for.

Conclusions

The extensive web-based presence of the cannabis industry coupled with the conversational nature of social media discourse results in rich but potentially biased information that is often not well-supported by scientific evidence. This review summarizes what social media is saying about the medicinal use of cannabis and discusses the challenges faced by health governance agencies and professionals to make use of web-based resources to both learn from medicinal cannabis users and provide factual, timely, and reliable evidence-based health information to consumers.
A Web Tool to Help Counter the Spread of Misinformation and Fake News: Pre-Post Study Among Medical Students to Increase Digital Health Literacy
Authors: Moretti Valentina , Brunelli Laura , Conte Alessandro , Valdi Giulia , Guelfi Maria Renza , Masoni Marco , Anelli Filippo , Arnoldo Luca
Published: February 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by the spread of uncontrolled health information and fake news, which also quickly became an infodemic. Emergency communication is a challenge for public health institutions to engage the public during disease outbreaks. Health professionals need a high level of digital health literacy (DHL) to cope with difficulties; therefore, efforts should be made to address this issue starting from undergraduate medical students.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the DHL skills of Italian medical students and the effectiveness of an informatics course offered by the University of Florence (Italy). This course focuses on assessing the quality of medical information using the “dottoremaeveroche” (DMEVC) web resource offered by the Italian National Federation of Orders of Surgeons and Dentists, and on health information management.

Methods

A pre-post study was conducted at the University of Florence between November and December 2020. First-year medical students participated in a web-based survey before and after attending the informatics course. The DHL level was self-assessed using the eHealth Literacy Scale for Italy (IT-eHEALS) tool and questions about the features and quality of the resources. All responses were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Change in the perception of skills was assessed using the Wilcoxon test.

Results

A total of 341 students participated in the survey at the beginning of the informatics course (women: n=211, 61.9%; mean age 19.8, SD 2.0) and 217 of them (64.2%) completed the survey at the end of the course. At the first assessment, the DHL level was moderate, with a mean total score of the IT-eHEALS of 2.9 (SD 0.9). Students felt confident about finding health-related information on the internet (mean score of 3.4, SD 1.1), whereas they doubted the usefulness of the information they received (mean score of 2.0, SD 1.0). All scores improved significantly in the second assessment. The overall mean score of the IT-eHEALS significantly increased (P<.001) to 4.2 (SD 0.6). The item with the highest score related to recognizing the quality of health information (mean score of 4.5, SD 0.7), whereas confidence in the practical application of the information received remained the lowest (mean of 3.7, SD 1.1) despite improvement. Almost all students (94.5%) valued the DMEVC as an educational tool.

Conclusions

The DMEVC tool was effective in improving medical students’ DHL skills. Effective tools and resources such as the DMEVC website should be used in public health communication to facilitate access to validated evidence and understanding of health recommendations.
Postmarketing Follow-Up of a Digital Home Exercise Program for Back, Hip, and Knee Pain: Retrospective Observational Study With a Time-Series and Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Teepe Gisbert Wilhelm , Kowatsch Tobias , Hans Felix Patricius , Benning Leo
Published: February 2023

Background

Musculoskeletal conditions are the main drivers of global disease burden and cause significant direct and indirect health care costs. Digital health applications improve the availability of and access to adequate care. The German health care system established a pathway for the approval of “Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen” (DiGAs; Digital Health Applications) as collectively funded medical services through the “Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz” (Digital Health Care Act) in 2019.

Objective

This article presents real-world prescription data collected through the smartphone-based home exercise program “Vivira,” a fully approved DiGA, regarding its effect on self-reported pain intensity and physical inability in patients with unspecific and degenerative pain in the back, hip, and knee.

Methods

This study included 3629 patients (71.8% [2607/3629] female; mean age 47 years, SD 14.2 years). The primary outcome was the self-reported pain score, which was assessed with a verbal numerical rating scale. The secondary outcomes were self-reported function scores. To analyze the primary outcome, we used a 2-sided Skillings-Mack test. For function scores, a time analysis was not feasible; therefore, we calculated matched pairs using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Our results showed significant reductions in self-reported pain intensity after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks in the Skillings-Mack test (T3628=5308; P<.001). The changes were within the range of a clinically relevant improvement. Function scores showed a generally positive yet more variable response across the pain areas (back, hip, and knee).

Conclusions

This study presents postmarketing observational data from one of the first DiGAs for unspecific and degenerative musculoskeletal pain. We noted significant improvements in self-reported pain intensity throughout the observation period of 12 weeks, which reached clinical relevance. Additionally, we identified a complex response pattern of the function scores assessed. Lastly, we highlighted the challenges of relevant attrition at follow-up and the potential opportunities for evaluating digital health applications. Although our findings do not have confirmatory power, they illustrate the potential benefits of digital health applications to improve the availability of and access to medical care.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00024051; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00024051
Assessing the Quality and Impact of eHealth Tools: Systematic Literature Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Jacob Christine , Lindeque Johan , Klein Alexander , Ivory Chris , Heuss Sabina , Peter Marc K
Published: February 2023

Background

Technological advancements have opened the path for many technology providers to easily develop and introduce eHealth tools to the public. The use of these tools is increasingly recognized as a critical quality driver in health care; however, choosing a quality tool from the myriad of tools available for a specific health need does not come without challenges.

Objective

This review aimed to systematically investigate the literature to understand the different approaches and criteria used to assess the quality and impact of eHealth tools by considering sociotechnical factors (from technical, social, and organizational perspectives).

Methods

A structured search was completed following the participants, intervention, comparators, and outcomes framework. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases for studies published between January 2012 and January 2022 in English, which yielded 675 results, of which 40 (5.9%) studies met the inclusion criteria. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions were followed to ensure a systematic process. Extracted data were analyzed using NVivo (QSR International), with a thematic analysis and narrative synthesis of emergent themes.

Results

Similar measures from the different papers, frameworks, and initiatives were aggregated into 36 unique criteria grouped into 13 clusters. Using the sociotechnical approach, we classified the relevant criteria into technical, social, and organizational assessment criteria. Technical assessment criteria were grouped into 5 clusters: technical aspects, functionality, content, data management, and design. Social assessment criteria were grouped into 4 clusters: human centricity, health outcomes, visible popularity metrics, and social aspects. Organizational assessment criteria were grouped into 4 clusters: sustainability and scalability, health care organization, health care context, and developer.

Conclusions

This review builds on the growing body of research that investigates the criteria used to assess the quality and impact of eHealth tools and highlights the complexity and challenges facing these initiatives. It demonstrates that there is no single framework that is used uniformly to assess the quality and impact of eHealth tools. It also highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach that balances the social, organizational, and technical assessment criteria in a way that reflects the complexity and interdependence of the health care ecosystem and is aligned with the factors affecting users’ adoption to ensure uptake and adherence in the long term.