bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: The Liberal Tradition and Obama's Counterterrorism Policy
Authors: Desch Michael C.
Published: June 2010

Barack Obama campaigned on a platform of “Change We Can Believe In.” One of the biggest changes many anticipated with his election was a dramatic break with the previous administration's counterterror policy. There were good reasons for thinking that this would be the case. George W. Bush was a Republican who took his cues from the most conservative elements of his party, including neoconservatives, the religious right, and other proponents of an assertive stance of U.S. global primacy and a forward-leaning posture in the war on terror. Conversely, Barack Obama is a liberal Democrat who opposed the Iraq War and seeks to “reset” America's relations with other countries around the world by recommitting the United States to a more moderate approach to waging the war against al-Qaeda, including measures such as adopting a more multilateral foreign policy, closing the detention center at Guantanamo Bay, ending the practices of extraordinary rendition and enhanced interrogation, and showing a greater respect for civil liberties domestically.
EDWARD W. ARIAN
Authors: Rosenberg William L.
Published: June 2010

Dr. Edward W. Arian, a renaissance man. He navigated two very successful careers, one as a world class professional musician and one as a political scientist. In addition to his family, which was most important to him, these were the other important components of his life.
2010 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference Track Summaries
Authors: Mealy Kimberly A. , Roberts Dennis , Speakman June , Spengeman Sarah E. , Bennion Elizabeth A. , Meinke Tim , Gentry Bobbi , Richards Erin E. , Ruget Vanessa , Zappile Tina M. , Okura Masako Rachel , Whitt Christopher , Obst Kristen , Wright Nancy , Edwards Heather , Brown Katherine , Chadha Anita , Cogburn Derrick L. , Nordyke Shane , Van Vechten Renee , Sachleben Mark , Ward Deborah , Young Candace C. , Arbour Brian K. , Hummer Jill Abraham , Jones Sharon , Johnson Mark , Spray Sharon , Coughlin Richard W. , Payerhin Marek , Glover Robert W. , Kovács Melinda , Rogers Michael T. , Coxe Leland M. , Allen Brooke Thomas , Hollander Ethan J.
Published: June 2010

The seventh annual Teaching and Learning Conference (TLC) was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from February 5 to 7, 2010, with 224 attendees onsite. The theme for the meeting was “Advancing Excellence in Teaching Political Science.” Using the working-group model, the TLC track format encourages in-depth discussion and debate on research dealing with the scholarship of teaching and learning.
106th Annual Meeting in Washington, DC, September 2–5, 2010
Authors: West Lauren
Published: June 2010

Make plans now to attend the 2010 APSA Annual Meeting & Exhibition, September 2–5, 2010. Join more than 7,000 of your colleagues at the largest annual gathering of political scientists, held this year in Washington, DC.
INEQUALITY AND U.S. SOCIETY
Authors: Farley Reynolds , Bobo Lawrence D.
Published: June 2010

Among the advanced industrial nations, the United States has the most unequal distribution of income. Douglas Massey emphasizes that the purchasing power of households in the top five percent of the income distribution rose sharply from the early 1980s to 2000 while the purchasing power of those in the bottom twenty percent of the income distribution remained constant—proving a much larger economic gap between rich and poor households. This book summarizes an extensive array of studies from a variety of disciplines and cogently describes federal policies that promoted income disparity. Many sections of this book provide lucid information about the changing status of women, shifts in racial disparities, and the consequences of immigration from Mexico. It is not, however, a definitive book about inequality in this nation.
DIVERGENT STREAMS
Authors: Massey Douglas S. , Probasco LiErin
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we extend previous research on racial performance gaps at twenty-eight selective U.S. colleges and universities by examining differences in grade achievement and graduate rates across race-gender categories. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen (NLSF), we show that Black males, Black females, and Hispanic males attain significantly lower grades than other race-gender groups, and that Black males are thirty-five percent less likely to graduate on-time than other race-gender groups. Analyses consider an array of personal and institutional indicators of academic performance. Grades and graduation rates are improved by academic preparation (particularly high school grade point average), scholarly effort, and, for graduation rates, membership in career-oriented or majority-White campus groups. Grade performance and graduation rates are undermined by a hostile racial climate on campus, family stress, and stereotype threat, all of which disproportionately affect minority students. We conclude with recommendations to college administrators for ways of selecting and supporting minority students to reduce differentials in academic achievement across race-gender groups.
DRIVING WHILE BLACK IN SUBURBAN DETROIT
Authors: Bates Timothy
Published: June 2010

One objective of this study is to investigate whether Black drivers are more likely than White motorists to receive traffic tickets and to be arrested following routine traffic stops in the Detroit suburb of Eastpointe, Michigan. Compared to White drivers, Blacks were more likely to be arrested and ticketed when police officer discretion was most pronounced. My broader objective is to explore police enforcement of racialized space in suburban Detroit. Outcomes of routine traffic stops were analyzed to determine whether enforcement of racialized space could be detected by comparing how drivers were treated on Eastpointe streets that were more, opposed to less, White. Black motorists driving on internal streets were more likely to attract police attention than those driving along Eastpointe's border street with Detroit, Eight Mile Road, which is interpreted as evidence that Black drivers are more likely to be ticketed, searched, and arrested when they were “out of place”.
A discussion of the links between solar variability and high‐storm‐surge events in Venice
Authors: Barriopedro David , García‐Herrera Ricardo , Lionello Piero , Pino Cosimo
Published: June 2010

This study explores the long‐term frequency variability of high‐surge events (HSEs) in the North Adriatic, the so‐called acqua alta, which, particularly during autumn, cause flooding of the historical city center of Venice. The period 1948–2008, when hourly observations of sea level are available, is considered. The frequency of HSEs is correlated with the 11 year solar cycle, solar maxima being associated with a significant increase in the October‐November‐December HSE frequency. The seasonal geopotential height pattern at 1000 hPa (storm surge pattern; SSP) associated with the increased frequency of HSEs is identified for the whole time period and found to be similar to the positive phase of the main variability mode of the regional atmospheric circulation (empirical orthogonal function 1; EOF1). However, further analysis indicates that solar activity modulates the spatial patterns of the atmospheric circulation (EOF) and the favorable conditions for HSE occurrence (SSP). Under solar maxima, the occurrence of HSEs is enhanced by the main mode of regional atmospheric variability, namely, a large‐scale wave train pattern that is symptomatic of storm track paths over northern Europe. Solar minima reveal a substantially different and less robust SSP, consisting of a meridionally oriented dipole with a preferred southward path of storm track activity, which is not associated with any dominant mode of atmospheric variability during low‐solar periods. It is concluded that solar activity plays an indirect role in the frequency of HSEs by modulating the spatial patterns of the main modes of atmospheric regional variability, the favorable patterns for HSE occurrence, and their mutual relationships, so that constructive interaction between them is enhanced during solar maxima and inhibited in solar minima.
Motivated research
Authors: Danchin Antoine
Published: June 2010

While Europe is locked in the debate about basic versus applied research, Louis Pasteur solved the problem more than 100 years ago. Antoine Danchin comments on Pasteur's notion of ‘motivated research’ and how it leads both to new discoveries and to new applications.
The IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series: A Guide to Preparation and Use of Compilations and Evaluations
Authors: Gamsjäger Heinz , Lorimer John W. , Salomon Mark , Shaw David G. , Tomkins Reginald P. T.
Published: June 2010

The IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series (SDS) is an ongoing project that provides comprehensive reviews of published data for solubilities of gases, liquids and solids in liquids or solids. Data are compiled in a uniform format, evaluated and, where data from independent sources agree sufficiently, recommended values are proposed. This paper is a guide to the SDS and is intended for the benefit of both those who use the SDS as a source of critically evaluated solubility data and who prepare compilations and evaluations for future volumes. A major portion of this paper presents terminology and nomenclature currently recommended by IUPAC and other international bodies and relates these to obsolete forms that appear in the older solubility literature. In addition, this paper presents a detailed guide to the criteria and procedures used in data compilation, evaluation, and presentation and considers special features of solubility in gas+liquid, liquid+liquid, and solid+liquid systems. In the past, much of this information was included in introductory sections of individual volumes of the SDS. However, to eliminate repetitive publication, this information has been collected, updated, and expanded for separate publication here.
Intense photoluminescence from pentacene monolayers
Authors: He Rui , Tassi Nancy G. , Blanchet Graciela B. , Pinczuk Aron
Published: June 2010

Sharp and intense excitonic photoluminescence is observed at low temperatures in highly uniform pentacene monolayers deposited on a compliant polymeric substrate. The free exciton (FE) emission displays characteristic intensity that grows quadratically with the number of monolayers N. The energy of the FE band redshifts with increasing N revealing impact of molecular overlap on the FE state.
Levonorgestrel, not etonogestrel, provides contraception in free-ranging koalas
Authors: Hynes E. F. , Handasyde K. A. , Shaw Geoff , Renfree Marilyn B.
Published: June 2010

Management of high-density koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations is essential because of the browsing damage they inflict on their habitat. We have tested two types of gestagen implant, namely levonorgestrel and etonogestrel, as contraceptives for koalas. Free-ranging female koalas were given either a control, levonorgestrel (70 mg) or etonogestrel (34 or 68 mg) implant before the breeding season. Koalas were monitored every 4–12 weeks for births. Plasma progesterone was measured and a cytological smear of the urogenital sinus was taken. Fertility was high in the control group and the two etonogestrel-treated groups, with approximately 90% of females giving birth. In contrast, no levonorgestrel-treated female produced young during the study. Removal of levonorgestrel implants from six females reversed the contraceptive effect in the next breeding season, whereas the eight females in which the levonorgestrel implants were left in remained infertile for six breeding seasons. Vaginal cytology showed evidence of oestrous cycles during the breeding season in all females from all groups and there was no difference seen in the prevalence of cornified epithelial cells in the oestrous smears. This indirectly suggests that levonorgestrel does not prevent follicular development and oestrous cycling. Plasma progesterone in levonorgestrel-treated females remained low all year, but rose in controls concurrent with the onset of the breeding season. This suggests that levonorgestrel prevents pregnancy by blocking ovulation. Etonogestrel had absolutely no contraceptive effect at the two doses delivered and so is not suitable for controlling koala populations. In contrast, levonorgestrel was effective as a long-term, reversible contraceptive in wild koalas.
Native grasslands in the PlainsTender incentive scheme: conservation value, management and monitoring
Authors: Zimmer Heidi C. , Mavromihalis Jaimie , Turner Vivienne B. , Moxham Claire , Liu Canran
Published: June 2010

The native grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain, in south-western Victoria, Australia, is a critically endangered community. Much of the remaining grassland exists on private land, where it is grazed by livestock. The impacts of two grazing management strategies, implemented under the PlainsTender incentive scheme, were monitored at 18 on-farm native grassland sites for 4 years. The management strategies were (1) excluding grazing during spring, or (2) flexible grazing and resting. Maintenance of >70% vegetation cover was required under both strategies. Generalised least-squares (repeated-measures) modelling revealed a significant correlation between plant functional group cover and management. However, this correlation was present at the outset of the study and was maintained for the duration of monitoring. Sites rested from livestock grazing in spring had higher native and exotic grass cover, while exotic forb cover was higher at sites where grazing was managed flexibly. Native and exotic grass cover varied significantly from year-to-year under both management strategies; we attribute this to variation in rainfall, particularly drought in the second year. A key outcome of this study was the recognition that high conservation value native grasslands, i.e. large (≥100 ha) and intact (≥36 native species), are being managed successfully on private land, using a range of conservative livestock grazing strategies.
Human leucine-rich repeat proteins: a genome-wide bioinformatic categorization and functional analysis in innate immunity
Authors: Ng Aylwin C. Y. , Eisenberg Jason M. , Heath Robert J. W. , Huett Alan , Robinson Cory M. , Nau Gerard J. , Xavier Ramnik J.
Published: June 2010

In innate immune sensing, the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by recognition receptors typically involve leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). We provide a categorization of 375 human LRR-containing proteins, almost half of which lack other identifiable functional domains. We clustered human LRR proteins by first assigning LRRs to LRR classes and then grouping the proteins based on these class assignments, revealing several of the resulting protein groups containing a large number of proteins with certain non-LRR functional domains. In particular, a statistically significant number of LRR proteins in the typical (T) and bacterial + typical (S+T) categories have transmembrane domains, whereas most of the LRR proteins in the cysteine-containing (CC) category contain an F-box domain (which mediates interactions with the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex). Furthermore, by examining the evolutionary profiles of the LRR proteins, we identified a subset of LRR proteins exhibiting strong conservation in fungi and an enrichment for “nucleic acid-binding” function. Expression analysis of LRR genes identifies a subset of pathogen-responsive genes in human primary macrophages infected with pathogenic bacteria. Using functional RNAi, we show that MFHAS1 regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)–dependent signaling. By using protein interaction network analysis followed by functional RNAi, we identified LRSAM1 as a component of the antibacterial autophagic response.
Inactivation of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (CCR1) suppresses colon cancer liver metastasis by blocking accumulation of immature myeloid cells in a mouse model
Authors: Kitamura Takanori , Fujishita Teruaki , Loetscher Pius , Revesz Laszlo , Hashida Hiroki , Kizaka-Kondoh Shinae , Aoki Masahiro , Taketo Makoto M.
Published: June 2010

Recent reports have suggested critical roles of myeloid cells in tumor invasion and metastasis, although these findings have not led to therapeutics. Using a mouse model for liver dissemination, we show that mouse and human colon cancer cells secrete CC-chemokine ligands CCL9 and CCL15, respectively, and recruit CD34+Gr-1−immature myeloid cells (iMCs). They express CCL9/15 receptor CCR1 and produce matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9. Lack of theCcr1,Mmp2, orMmp9gene in the host dramatically suppresses outgrowths of disseminated tumors in the liver. Importantly, CCR1 antagonist BL5923 blocks the iMC accumulation and metastatic colonization and significantly prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that CCR1 antagonists can provide antimetastatic therapies for patients with disseminated colon cancer in the liver.
On inequalities for differential operators
Authors: Bellman Richard
Published: June 2010

In this paper we study the following problem: Given that certain functionals of

u
u

and its derivatives belong to given L-classes over the infinite interval, what can be said about the L-classes of other functionals? Utilizing a simple device from the theory of linear differential equations, we obtain a number of results due to Landau, Kolmogoroff, Halperin-von Neumann, and Nagy, together with some extensions.
Convex functions on convex polytopes
Authors: Gale David , Klee Victor , Rockafellar R. T.
Published: June 2010

The behavior of convex functions is of interest in connection with a wide variety of optimization problems. It is shown here that this behavior is especially simple, in certain respects, when the domain is a polytope or belongs to certain classes of sets closely related to polytopes; moreover, the polytopes and related classes are actually characterized by this simplicity of behavior. The following corollary is useful in mathematical economics: If

D
D

is a boundedly polyhedral set and

ϕ
\phi

is a convex function on the relative interior of

D
D

such that

ϕ
\phi

is bounded on bounded sets, then

ϕ
\phi

can be extended in a unique way to a continuous convex function on

D
D

.
A product integral solution of a Stieltjes-Volterra integral equation.
Authors: Reneke James A.
Published: June 2010

This paper demonstrates that the theory of Stieltjes-Volterra integral equations may be subsumed in Mac Nerney’s general integral equation theory by making suitable choices of linear spaces and sets of operators.
𝑅^{𝑐} is not almost Lindelöf
Authors: Kemperman J. H. B. , Maharam Dorothy
Published: June 2010

It is shown that there exists a Baire measure

μ
\mu

on

R
c

{R^c}

such that

R
c

{R^c}

can be covered by elementary open

μ
\mu

-null sets.
Generalized relative difference sets
Authors: Payne Stanley E.
Published: June 2010

A Bruck-Ryser type nonexistence theorem is given for a class of generalized relative difference sets. Some well-known results on

(
v
,
k
,
λ
)

(v,k,\lambda )

-designs are generalized and a new class of relative difference sets is given.
Decomposition numbers of 𝑝-solvable groups
Authors: Richen Forrest
Published: June 2010

In the character theory of finite groups one decomposes each ordinary irreducible character

χ
i

{\chi _i}

of a group into an integral linear combination of

p
p

-modular irreducible characters

ϕ
j

,

χ
i

=
∑

d

i
j

ϕ
j

{\phi _j},{\chi _i} = \sum {{d_{ij}}{\phi _j}}

. The nonnegative integers

d

i
j

{d_{ij}}

are called the

p
p

-decomposition numbers. Let

G
G

be a

p
p

-solvable group whose

p
p

-Sylow subgroups are abelian. If

G

/

O

p
′

p

(
G
)

G/{O_{p’p}}(G)

is cyclic the

p
p

-decomposition numbers are

≦
1

\leqq 1

. This condition is far from necessary as any group

G
G

with abelian, normal

p
p

-Sylow subgroup

P
P

with

G

/

P

G/P

abelian has

p
p

-decomposition numbers

≦
1

\leqq 1

. A result of Brauer and Nesbitt together with the first result yields the following. A group

G
G

has a normal

p
p

-complement and abelian

p
p

-Sylow subgroups if and only if each irreducible character of

G
G

is irreducible as a

p
p

-modular character.
Operator-valued Feynman integrals of certain finite-dimensional functionals
Authors: Johnson G. W. , Skoug D. L.
Published: June 2010

Let

C
0

[
a
,
b
]

{C_0}[a,b]

denote the space of continuous functions

x
x

on

[
a
,
b
]

[a,b]

such that

x
(
a
)
=
0

x(a) = 0

. Let
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper F left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals f 1 left-parenthesis x left-parenthesis t 1 right-parenthesis right-parenthesis midline-horizontal-ellipsis f Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis x left-parenthesis t Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis right-parenthesis">

F
(
x
)
=

f
1

(
x
(

t
1

)
)
⋯

f
n

(
x
(

t
n

)
)

F(x) = {f_1}(x({t_1})) \cdots {f_n}(x({t_n}))

where

a
=

t
0

>

t
1

>
⋯
>

t
n

=
b

a = {t_0} > {t_1} > \cdots > {t_n} = b

. Recently, Cameron and Storvick defined an operator-valued “Feynman Integral.” In their setting, we give a strong existence theorem as well as an explicit formula for the “Feynman Integral” of functionals

F
F

as above under weak restrictions on the

f
i

{f_i}

’s. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for the operator to be invertible and an explicit formula for the inverse.
Admissibility and nonlinear Volterra integral equations
Authors: Miller R. K.
Published: June 2010

Nonlinear perturbations of linear Volterra integral equations are studied in an abstract setting which contains and generalizes some earlier results on the same problem. The perturbed problem is first written as a variation of constants equation on a Fréchet space. It is then shown that standard fixed point theorems may be applied if the linear equation is admissible w.r.t. a Banach subspace of the Fréchet space. This theory is applied to an example where

L
2

{L^2}

-stability is proved.
Asymptotics in random (0,1)-matrices
Authors: O’Neil Patrick Eugene
Published: June 2010

Let

M
n

(
i
)

{M^n}(i)

be the class of

n
×
n

(
0
,
1
)

n \times n\;(0,1)

-matrices with

i
i

ones. We wish to find the first and second moments of Perm

B
B

, the permanent of the matrix

B
B

, as

B
B

ranges over the class

M
n

(
i
)

{M^n}(i)

. We succeed for

i
>

n

3

/

2
+
ϵ

i > {n^{3/2 + \epsilon }}

in finding an asymptotic estimate of these quantities. It turns out that the square of the first moment is asymptotic to the second moment, so we may conclude that almost all matrices in

M
n

(
i
)

{M^n}(i)

have asymptotically the same permanent. It is suggested that the technique employed will also enable us to evaluate asymptotically the number of hamiltonian circuits in a random graph with

i
i

links on

n
n

vertices.
On the existence of 𝐿_{∞𝐾}-indiscernibles
Authors: Eklof P. C.
Published: June 2010

It is proved that it

T
T

is a countable theory of

L

ω
1

ω

{L_{{\omega _1}\omega }}

with enough axioms for Skolem functions and with arbitrarily large models, then for any order type, there is a model of

T
T

with a set of

L

∞
κ

{L_{\infty \kappa }}

-indiscernibles of that order type.
A characterization of semilocal inertial coefficient rings
Authors: Brown W. C. , Ingraham E. C.
Published: June 2010

A commutative ring

R
R

with identity is called an inertial coefficient ring if every finitely generated

R
R

-algebra

A
A

with

A

/

N

A/N

separable over

R
R

contains a separable subalgebra

S
S

such that

S
+
N
=
A

S + N = A

, where

N
N

is the Jacobson radical of

A
A

. Thus inertial coefficient rings are those commutative rings

R
R

for which a generalization of the Wedderburn Principal Theorem holds for suitable

R
R

-algebras. Our purpose is to prove that a commutative ring with only finitely many maximal ideals is an inertial coefficient ring (if and) only if it is a finite direct sum of Hensel rings.
Stabilization by a diagonal matrix
Authors: Ballantine C. S.
Published: June 2010

In this paper it is shown that, given a complex square matrix

A
A

all of whose leading principal minors are nonzero, there is a diagonal matrix

D
D

such that the product

D
A

DA

of the two matrices has all its characteristic roots positive and simple. This result is already known for real

A
A

, but two new proofs for this case are given here.
A residual property of certain groups
Authors: Stebe P. F.
Published: June 2010

An element

a
a

of a group

G
G

is called conjugacy distinguished or c.d. in

G
G

if and only if given any element

b
b

of

G
G

either

a
a

is conjugate to

b
b

or there is a homomorphism

ξ
\xi

from

G
G

onto a finite group

H
H

such that

ξ
(
a
)

\xi (a)

and

ξ
(
b
)

\xi (b)

are not conjugate in

H
H

. Following A. Mostowski, a group

G
G

is called conjugacy separable or c.s. if every element of

G
G

is c.d. A. Mostowski remarks that a direct product of c.s. groups is c.s. and proves that the conjugacy problem can be solved for finitely presented c.s. groups. N. Blackburn proves that finitely generated nilpotent groups are c.s. In this paper it is proven that a free product of c.s. groups is c.s., a free group is c.s. and that every element of infinite order in a finite extension of a free group is c.d.
Torsion-free groups and amalgamated products
Authors: Baumslag G. , Karrass A. , Solitar D.
Published: June 2010

There exist continuously many finitely generated torsion-free groups which cannot be obtained from the infinite cyclic group by repeatedly forming the free product with an amalgamated subgroup of any two groups already obtained, taking subgroups, and forming ascending unions.
On the completeness of the space of compact subsets
Authors: Zenor Phillip
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this paper is to show that if

X
X

is a completely regular

T
1

{T_1}

-space, then

C

(
X
)

\mathcal {C}(X)

, the space of all compact subsets of

X
X

with the Vietoris topology, is realcompact (topologically complete in the sense of Dieudonné) if and only if

X
X

is realcompact (topologically complete in the sense of Dieudonné).
Divisible 𝐻-spaces
Authors: Brown Robert F.
Published: June 2010

Let

X
X

be an

H
H

-space with multiplication

m
m

. Define, for

x
∈
X
,

m
2

(
x
)
=
m
(
x
,
x
)

x \in X,{m_2}(x) = m(x,x)

and

m
k

(
x
)
=
m
(
x
,

m

k
−
1

(
x
)
)

{m_k}(x) = m(x,{m_{k - 1}}(x))

, for all

k
>
2

k > 2

. If

m
k

(
x
)
=
y

{m_k}(x) = y

, then

x
x

is called a

k
k

th root of

y
y

. The

H
H

-space

(
X
,
m
)

(X,m)

is divisible if every

y
y

in

X
X

has a

k
k

th root for each

k
≧
2

k \geqq 2

. We prove that if

X
X

is a compact connected topological manifold without boundary, then

(
X
,
m
)

(X,m)

is divisible and, in fact, that every

y
y

in

X
X

has at least

k
β

k

{k^\beta }k

th roots for each

k
≧
2

k \geqq 2

, where

β
\beta

is the first Betti number of

X
X

.
𝔐³ admitting a certain embedding of 𝔓² is a pseudo 𝔓³
Authors: Feustel C. D.
Published: June 2010

Let

M
M

be a

3
3

-manifold and

P
2

{P^2}

projective

2
2

-space. In this paper it is shown that if there exists an embedding

f
:

P
2

→
M

f:{P^2} \to M

such that

f

∗
2

:

π
2

(

P
2

)
→

π
2

(
M
)

f{ \ast _2}:{\pi _2}({P^2}) \to {\pi _2}(M)

is trivial, then

M
M

is, except for a fake cell, projective

3
3

-space.
Another zero-free region for 𝜁^{(𝑘)}(𝑠)
Authors: Spira Robert
Published: June 2010

A new zero-free region in the left half-plane is found for the

k
k

th derivative of the Riemann zeta function.
Note on quasi-decompositions of irreducible groups
Authors: Cornelius E. F.
Published: June 2010

A quasi-decomposition theorem is obtained for a torsion free abelian group with quasi-endomorphism algebra satisfying the minimum condition on left ideals.
On 𝔉-normalizers and 𝔉-hypercenter
Authors: Inagaki Nobuo
Published: June 2010

In this note, we shall prove a theorem which is a generalization of the following theorem: Let

G
G

be a soluble group, then the intersection of all system normalizers of

G
G

is the hypercenter of

G
G

.
Epimorphisms of compact groups are onto
Authors: Poguntke Detlev
Published: June 2010

It is proved that the epimorphisms in the category of compact groups are surjective. The proof is based on the representation theory of compact groups, especially on the well-known fact, that for a closed proper subgroup

H
H

of a compact group

G
G

there exists an irreducible representation of

G
G

which, when restricted to

H
H

, contains the unit representation.
Oscillation criteria for nonlinear matrix differential equations
Authors: Kreith Kurt
Published: June 2010

Oscillation criteria are established for nonlinear matrix differential equations of the form

[
R
(
t
)

U
′

]
′

+
F
(
t
,
U
,

U
′

)
=
0

[R(t)U’]’ + F(t,U,U’) = 0

. These criteria are more general than some similar ones of E. C. Tomastik insofar as they do not require

F
F

to be positive definite.
On the relation between the Abel-type and Borel-type methods of summability
Authors: Shawyer B. L. R. , Yang G. S.
Published: June 2010

In recent papers, R. Jajte and B. L. R. Shawyer have proved that under certain conditions a series summable by a Borel-type or absolute Borel-type method of summability is also summable by the Abel or absolute Abel method of summability to the same sum. In the present paper, the Abel method is replaced by the more general Abel-type method, giving similar results for ordinary, strong and absolute summability.
An arcwise connected dense Hamel basis for Hilbert space
Authors: Merryman Emory Hughes
Published: June 2010

This paper shows if

X
X

is an infinite dimensional Banach space,

X
X

contains a linearly independent arc. Also based on the continuum hypothesis, that if

X
X

is an infinite dimensional Banach space and card

X
=
c

X = c

, then

X
X

contains a dense arcwise connected Hamel basis.
Existence of universal members in certain families of bases of Banach spaces
Authors: Zippin M.
Published: June 2010

In a recent paper A. Pełczyński proved the existence of universal Schauder bases for several important families of bases. In the present paper some new existence problems are settled. For example, it is proved that the family of boundedly complete bases does not have a universal member.
Peak points for hypo-Dirichlet algebras
Authors: Sidney S. J.
Published: June 2010

A proof is given of a theorem limiting the number of points not in the Choquet boundary for certain uniform algebras. In the hypo-Dirichlet case the argument reduces to a short proof that every point is in the Choquet boundary. Also, a lemma is presented which describes, for certain subalgebras of codimension one in a uniform algebra, a relation between certain spaces of real functions associated with the original algebra, and the corresponding spaces associated with the subalgebra.
Adjustment of topological concordances and extensions of homeomorphisms over pinched collars
Authors: Rushing T. B.
Published: June 2010

Under special conditions, it is shown how to adjust topological concordances so as to leave certain sets fixed. Also, a lemma is given which establishes the existence of pinched collars and bicollars under specified circumstances. These two results are then combined to show how to obtain nice extensions of certain homeomorphisms.
Free differentiable actions of 𝑆¹ and 𝑆³ on homotopy spheres
Authors: Ku Hsu-tung , Ku Mei-chin
Published: June 2010

It is shown that there are homotopy

(
4
n
+
1
)

(4n + 1)

- or

(
4
n
+
3
)

(4n + 3)

-spheres which admit infinitely many differentiable free actions of

S
1

{S^1}

or

S
3

{S^3}

with characteristic homotopy spheres in certain dimensions and without characteristic homotopy spheres in some other dimensions.
A root of unity occurring in partition theory
Authors: Hagis Peter
Published: June 2010

In this paper a new representation is found for the root of unity occurring in the well-known transformation equation of the generating function for

p
(
n
)

p(n)

, the number of partitions of the positive integer

n
n

.
Some examples of right self-injective rings which are not left self-injective
Authors: Sandomierski F. L.
Published: June 2010

Endomorphism rings of nonfinitely generated free right

R
R

-modules over a quasi-Frobenius ring

R
R

are right self-injective but not left self-injective.
A distortion theorem for doubly connected regions
Authors: Parnes Milton N.
Published: June 2010

In this paper we use a symmetrization result of Szegö and a geometric lemma to generalize a distortion theorem of Pólya and Szegö for simply connected regions to doubly connected regions.
Lower bounds to the zeros of solutions of 𝑦^{”}+𝑝(𝑥)𝑦=0
Authors: Galbraith A. S.
Published: June 2010

If

p
(
x
)

p(x)

is nonnegative, monotonic and concave, no solution of

y
+
p
(
x
)
y
=
0

y + p(x)y = 0

has more than

n
+
1

n + 1

zeros in the interval

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

defined by
\[

(
b
−
a
)

∫
a
b

p
(
x
)
d
x
=

n
2

π
2

.

(b - a)\int _a^b {p(x)dx = {n^2}{\pi ^2}.}

\]
This is proved by showing that, if

y
′

(
a
)
=
0

y’(a) = 0

, the

n
n

th succeeding zero of

y
′

(
x
)

y’(x)

will not precede

b
b

.
Fixed point theorems for mappings with a contractive iterate at a point
Authors: Guseman L. F.
Published: June 2010

In a recent paper, V. M. Sehgal discussed continuous self-mappings of a complete metric space with a contractive iterate at each point of the space. Sehgal showed that such mappings have a unique fixed point and the sequence of iterates of any point in the space converges to the fixed point. In the present paper, the result of Sehgal is generalized to mappings which are not necessarily continuous and which have a contractive iterate at each point in a (possibly proper) subset of the space.
Proximality in minimal transformation groups
Authors: Shapiro Leonard
Published: June 2010

We present an action of the integers on a compact metric space such that in the resulting minimal topological transformation group the proximal relation is an equivalence relation but is not closed.
Positive matrix 𝐻^{1/2} and Hermitian matrix 𝐻¹ functions are constant
Authors: Salehi H. , Taylor G. D.
Published: June 2010

It is known that if

f
∈

H

1

/

2

f \in {H^{1/2}}

and

f
(
z
)
≧
0

f(z) \geqq 0

a.e. for

|

z

|

=
1

|z| = 1

then

f
(
z
)

f(z)

is a constant. Also if

f
∈

H
1

f \in {H^1}

and

f
(
z
)

f(z)

is real a.e. for

|

z

|

=
1

|z| = 1

, then

f
f

is a constant. In this note we extend these two results to matrix-valued functions.
Square integrable solutions of 𝐿𝑦=𝑓(𝑡,𝑦)
Authors: Zettl Anton
Published: June 2010

Let

L
L

be an ordinary linear differential operator and

L
+

{L^ + }

its formal adjoint. It is shown that, under suitable conditions on

f
f

, all solutions of

L
y
=
f
(
t
,
y
)

Ly = f(t,y)

are in

L
2

(
0
,
∞
)

{L^2}(0,\infty )

provided that all those of

L
y
=
0

Ly = 0

and

L
+

y
=
0

{L^ + }y = 0

are.
Trace-class and centralizers of an 𝐻*-algebra
Authors: Saworotnow Parfeny P.
Published: June 2010

Let

A
A

be a proper

H
∗

{H^ \ast }

-algebra. Let

τ
(
A
)
=
{
x
y

|

x
,
y
∈
A
}

\tau (A) = \{ xy|x,y \in A\}

, let

R
(
A
)

R(A)

be the set of all bounded linear operators

S
S

on

A
A

such that

S
(
x
y
)
=
(
S
x
)
y

S(xy) = (Sx)y

for all

x
,
y
∈
A

x,y \in A

and let

C
(
A
)

C(A)

be the closed subspace of

R
(
A
)

R(A)

generated by the operators of the form

L
a
:
x
→
a
x
,
a
∈
A

La:x \to ax,a \in A

. It is shown that

τ
(
A
)

\tau (A)

can be identified with the space of all bounded linear functionals on

C
(
A
)

C(A)

and that

R
(
A
)

R(A)

is the dual of

τ
(
A
)

\tau (A)

. Also it is proved that

τ
(
A
)

\tau (A)

is a Banach algebra.
The hyperquasicenter of a finite group. I
Authors: Mukherjee N. P.
Published: June 2010

The quasicenter is a generalisation of the idea of the center of a group and this has been used to define the hyperquasicenter. The concept that is essentially involved is that of quasinormality. The quasicenter has been shown to be nilpotent and the hyperquasicenter has been identified as the largest supersolvably immersed subgroup.
On the equivalence of integral representations of groups
Authors: Białynicki-Birula A.
Published: June 2010

Let

R
R

be a local ring and let

R
′

R’

be a commutative

R
R

-algebra faithfully flat as an

R
R

-module. Let

G
G

be a finitely generated group and let

M
,
N

M,N

be

R
G

RG

-modules, finitely presented over

R
R

. Let

M
′

=
M

⊗
R

R
′

;

N
′

=
N

⊗
R

R
′

M’ = M{ \otimes _R}R’;N’ = N{ \otimes _R}R’

, then

M
′

,

N
′

M’,N’

can be considered as

R
′

G

R’G

-modules. We shall prove that the

R
′

G

R’G

-modules

M
′

,

N
′

M’,N’

are isomorphic if and only if the

R
G

RG

-modules

M
M

and

N
N

are isomorphic. The proof depends on a theorem on noncommutative cohomology which is presented in the first part of the paper.
Stable homotopy theory is not self-dual
Authors: Boardman J. M.
Published: June 2010

The classical Spanier-Whitehead duality for finite complexes shows that the finite stable homotopy category is selfdual. We prove that in the larger stable categories, duality is not consistent with the standard arguments of homotopy theory.
A short proof of Berger’s curvature tensor estimates
Authors: Karcher Hermann
Published: June 2010

A simple proof of Berger’s estimate of the curvature tensor components in terms of the pinching is given and the result is extended to nonorthonormal arguments of the curvature tensor.
On the convexity of lemniscates
Authors: Shaffer Dorothy Browne
Published: June 2010

Let

L
1

{L_1}

denote the lemniscate

|

∏

v
=
1

n

(
z
−

ζ
v

)

|

=
1

|\prod \nolimits _{v = 1}^n {(z - {\zeta _v})| = 1}

. Assume the poles

ζ
v

{\zeta _v}

are inscribed in the disc

|

z

|

≦
a

|z| \leqq a

. Let

z
0

=

n

−
1

∑

v
=
1

ζ
v

n

{z_0} = {n^{ - 1}}\sum \nolimits _{v = 1{\zeta _v}}^n {}

. Conditions for the convexity of

L
1

{L_1}

are established in terms of

a
a

and

z
0

{z_0}

. Sharp bounds are derived for real

ζ
v

{\zeta _v}

.
A barrelled space without a basis
Authors: Kalton N. J.
Published: June 2010

An example is given of a separable, barrelled, nuclear, bornological Ptak space which has no Schauder basis.
Can an 𝐿𝐶𝐴 group be anti-self-dual?
Authors: Armacost D. L.
Published: June 2010

We say that a topological group

G
G

is anti-self-dual if there are no nontrivial continuous homomorphisms from

G
G

into the character group

G
^

\hat G

or from

G
^

\hat G

into

G
G

. We show that no nontrivial LCA group can be anti-self-dual.
A theorem on near equicontinuity of transformation groups
Authors: Roberson Fred A.
Published: June 2010

A transformation group is nearly equicontinuous if the set of nonequicontinuous points is zero dimensional and compact. It has been shown that if a transformation group is nearly equicontinuous with locally compact, locally connected metric phase space and if the set of equicontinuous points is connected, then the set

N
N

of nonequicontinuous points can contain at most two minimal sets. In this paper we will show that if in addition the phase space is not compact, then

N
N

contains exactly one minimal set.
Fixed points for contractive multifunctions
Authors: Smithson R. E.
Published: June 2010

Let

F
:
X
→
X

F:X \to X

be a point closed multifunction on the bounded metric space

(
X
,
d
)

(X,d)

. Let

d
^

\hat d

denote the Hausdorff metric for the nonempty closed subsets of

X
X

. Then

F
F

is contractive iff

d
^

(
F
(
x
)
,
F
(
y
)
)
>
d
(
x
,
y
)

\hat d(F(x),F(y)) > d(x,y)

for all

x
,
y
∈
X

x,y \in X

. We give conditions under which contractive multifunctions have fixed points.
Almost periodicity of the inverse of a fundamental matrix
Authors: Fink A. M.
Published: June 2010

We show that if

X
X

is the fundamental solution to

X
′

=
A
X
+
X
B

X’ = AX + XB

with

X
,
A

X,A

, and

B
B

almost periodic

n
×
n

n \times n

matrices, then

X

−
1

{X^{ - 1}}

is almost periodic.
Comments on the continuity of distribution functions obtained by superposition
Authors: Huff Barthel W.
Published: June 2010

Let

{
X
(
t
)
}

\{ X(t)\}

be a differential process and

Y
Y

a nonnegative random variable independent of the process. We consider whether the superposition

X
(
Y
)

X(Y)

can have a continuous probability distribution. If the process has continuous distributions, then the superposition is continuous if and only if

P
[
Y
=
0
]
=
0

P[Y = 0] = 0

. If the process has discontinuous distributions and no trend, then no superposition can have continuous distribution. If the process has discontinuous distributions and nonzero trend, then the superposition onto a random epoch has continuous distribution if and only if

Y
Y

has continuous distribution.
On the topological classification of the floors of certain Hilbert fundamental domains
Authors: Hall Michael H.
Published: June 2010

Associated to the field

Q
(

k

1

/

2

)

Q({k^{1/2}})

(

k
k

a positive square free integer greater than one), there is a group of transformations of the product of two upper half planes which is analogous to the Hilbert modular group. This group has been shown to have a fundamental domain bounded by a finite number of hypersurfaces. Of particular interest is a subspace of the domain known as the “floor.” This floor is a quotient space of a fiber bundle over the circle which is determined by the field

Q
(

k

1

/

2

)

Q({k^{1/2}})

. The principal result of this paper is that, conversely, the topological type (indeed the homotopy type) of this fiber bundle determines the field

Q
(

k

1

/

2

)

Q({k^{1/2}})

which gives rise to it. This is accomplished by computing the homology groups of the fiber space and showing that the integer

k
k

can be determined from these groups.
On perfect group rings
Authors: Woods S. M.
Published: June 2010

It is shown that the group ring

A
G

AG

of the group

G
G

over the ring

A
A

is perfect if and only if

A
A

is perfect and

G
G

is finite. (Perfect rings were characterized by H. Bass in 1960.)
Decomposition of function-lattices
Authors: Shore S. D.
Published: June 2010

We give a simple direct proof of the theorem (due to Kaplansky-Blair-Burrill) that the lattice

C
(
X
,
K
)

C(X,K)

of all continuous functions defined on the topological space

X
X

with values in the chain

K
K

can be decomposed iff

X
X

contains an open-and-closed subset.
On vectorial norms and pseudonorms
Authors: Deutsch Emeric
Published: June 2010

A vectorial pseudonorm (norm) of order

k
k

on the vector space

C
n

{C^n}

of all

n
n

-tuples of complex numbers is a mapping from

C
n

{C^n}

into the positive cone of

R
k

{R^k}

which satisfies the usual axioms of a pseudonorm (norm). The vector space

R
k

{R^k}

of the

k
k

-tupies of real numbers is partially ordered componentwise. Vectorial norms have been introduced by Kantorovitch. Recently they have been studied by Robert and Stoer. In the present paper different properties of vectorial pseudonorms are investigated. They deal mainly with the following topics: regularity of pseudonorms, the dual of a vectorial norm, inequality between vectorial pseudonorms and the

G
G

-transform of a vectorial pseudonorm.
Parallelizability revisited
Authors: Hájek Otomar
Published: June 2010

A classical theorem (Antosiewicz and Dugundji) states that a dynamical system on a locally compact separable metric space is parallelizable if and only if it is dispersive. In this paper it is shown that separability may be omitted, and, under a further condition, local compactness weakened to local Lindelöfness. The crucial step consists in a purely topological characterization of complete instability.
On a partition theorem of MacMahon-Andrews
Authors: Subbarao M. V.
Published: June 2010

Two theorems are given about partitions in which the multiplicity of the parts satisfies certain conditions. One of these theorems generalizes a recent result of Andrews concerning partitions in which a part with an odd multiplicity occurs at least

2
r
+
1

2r + 1

times.
A weak Nullstellensatz for valuations
Authors: Bergman George M.
Published: June 2010

Given a real-valued pseudovaluation

p
p

on a commutative ring

R
R

, we show how to obtain a valuation

v
v

greater than or equal to

p
p

, and also satisfying certain upper bounds: in particular, if

p
(
s
t
)
=
p
(
s
)
+
p
(
t
)

p(st) = p(s) + p(t)

for all

s
,
t
∈
S
,
S

s,t \in S,S

a multiplicative semigroup in

R
R

, then

v
v

can be chosen so that

v
(
s
)
=
p
(
s
)

v(s) = p(s)

for all

s
∈
S

s \in S

.
The construction of a ∂̄-simple covering
Authors: Stoll Wilhelm
Published: June 2010

Let

M
M

be a complex manifold. It is shown by simple means that an arbitrary fine open covering

U

=

{

U
i

}

i
∈
I

\mathfrak {U} = {\{ {U_i}\} _{i \in I}}

of

M
M

exists such that for every form

ω
\omega

of class

C
∞

{C^\infty }

and bidegree

(
p
,
q
)

(p,q)

with

∂
¯

ω
=
0

\bar \partial \omega = 0

on

U

i
0

⋂
⋯
⋂

U

i
p

{U_{{i_0}}}\bigcap \cdots \bigcap {{U_{{i_p}}}}

there exists a form

ψ
\psi

of class

C
∞

{C^\infty }

on

U

i
0

⋂
⋯
⋂

U

i
p

{U_{{i_0}}}\bigcap \cdots \bigcap {{U_{{i_p}}}}

such that

∂
ψ
=
ω

\partial \psi = \omega

provided

q
≧
1

q \geqq 1

.
Bounded solutions of Stieltjes integral equations
Authors: Lovelady David Lowell
Published: June 2010

Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for the existence of bounded solutions to some classes of nonhomogeneous linear Stieltjes integral equations. A theorem on the stability of bounded solutions is obtained, an application to a nonlinear Stieltjes integral equation is made.
On differentiability of minimal surfaces at a boundary point
Authors: Geveci Tunc
Published: June 2010

Let
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper F left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis equals StartSet u left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis comma v left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis comma w left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis EndSet comma StartAbsoluteValue z EndAbsoluteValue greater-than 1">

F
(
z
)
=
{
u
(
z
)
,
v
(
z
)
,
w
(
z
)
}
,

|

z

|

>
1

F(z) = \{ u(z),v(z),w(z)\} ,|z| > 1

, represent a minimal surface spanning the curve

Γ
:
{
U
(
s
)
,
V
(
s
)
,
W
(
s
)
}
,
s

\Gamma :\{ U(s),V(s),W(s)\} ,s

being the arc length. Suppose

Γ
\Gamma

has a tangent at a point

P
P

. Then

F
(
z
)

F(z)

is differentiable at this point if

U
′

(
s
)
,

V
′

(
s
)
,

W
′

(
s
)

U’(s),V’(s),W’(s)

satisfy a Dini condition at

P
P

.
Fixed points of order preserving multifunctions
Authors: Smithson R. E.
Published: June 2010

Let

F
:
X
→
X

F:X \to X

be a multifunction on a partially ordered set

(
X
,
≦
)

(X, \leqq )

. Suppose for each pair

x
1

≦

x
2

{x_1} \leqq {x_2}

and for each

y
1

∈
F
(

x
1

)

{y_1} \in F({x_1})

there is a

y
2

∈
F
(

y
2

)

{y_2} \in F({y_2})

such that

y
1

≦

y
2

{y_1} \leqq {y_2}

. Then sufficient conditions are given such that multifunctions

F
F

satisfying the above condition will have a fixed point. These results generalize the Tarski Theorem on complete lattices, and they also generalize some results of S. Abian and A. B. Brown, Canad. J. Math 13 (1961), 78-82. By similar techniques two selection theorems are obtained. Further, some related results on quasi-ordered and partially ordered topological spaces are proved. In particular, a fixed point theorem for order preserving multifunctions on a class of partially ordered topological spaces is obtained.
The power problem for groups with one defining relator
Authors: McCool James
Published: June 2010

It is proved that if

G
G

is a group with one defining relator, then the generalized word problem is solvable for every cyclic subgroup of

G
G

. This result enables the solution of the word problem for groups with one defining relator to be extended to a wider class of groups.
Semilattice of bisimple regular semigroups
Authors: Iyengar H. R. Krishna
Published: June 2010

The main purpose of this paper is to show that a regular semigroup

S
S

is a semilattice of bisimple semigroups if and only if it is a band of bisimple semigroups and that this holds if and only if

D

\mathcal {D}

is a congruence on

S
S

. It is also shown that a quasiregular semigroup

S
S

which is a rectangular band of bisimple semigroups is itself bisimple.