bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refus global ou l'Art contre l'Histoire ?
Authors: Allard Jacques
Published: January 2012

"Refus global": Art against History ?

Borduas and his companions' 1948 manifesto claims the rights of art and

emotion over history, in a dechristianised and highly literary form ; it belongs to rather than dominates the story of Quebec's anticlericalism, and is

an accomplished artifact — not the origin — of its (understudied) modernism.
Un exercice, une histoire
Authors: van Schendel Michel
Published: January 2012

An Exercice, a Story.

How has poetry exercised itself in Quebec ? Today's public and practitioners emerge from the political dark ages of the 50s, while poetry in Quebec, where other cultural forms have long been co-opted by the bourgeoisie, is the field for any genuine struggle against mortality and oblivion.
L'écrivain dans le roman québécois (1960-1995) : esquisse d'un sociogramme
Authors: Tremblay Roseline
Published: January 2012

The Writer in the Quebec Novel, 1960-1995.

The writer in this corpus faces two contradictory callings, that of social engagement and that of play. The dilemma does not move towards resolution, if the link between it and the vexed question of Quebec identity appear more clearly-but not more forcefully.
Réjean Ducharme et l'héritage français : détours et détournements
Authors: Nardout-Lafarge Élisabeth
Published: January 2012

ELISABETH NARDOUT-LAFARGE

Réjean Ducharme and the French Heritage : Tracks and Side- Tracking

Ducharme's treatment of the French literary heritage seems an attack on its authority ; in fact, it is not treated differently from television, movies, songs, music. However, the choice of Poland to figure the past may be a way to avoid confronting France while signaling the immigrant.
L'autobiographie comme conversion esthétique : les derniers écrits de Gabrielle Roy
Authors: Michaud Ginette
Published: January 2012

Gabrielle Roy's Last Writings. Autobiography as Aesthetic Conversion.

In 1975, Gabrielle Roy turned to an autobiographical project, worthy of being read as a major literary work rather than as an exemplar of Quebec literature-albeit its fate has been seen as subject for commentary rather than works.
Lire la peinture
Authors: Dessons Gérard
Published: January 2012

Reading Painting.

A relationship to painting is an integral part of Michaux' s poetics; at the same time, painting is the name he gives to the other of words and in words. His poems emerge as readings of paintings, where reading is not a discourse « about » but a writing « starting from ».
Acérer la plume, «lacérer le vide». Une lecture d'Idéogrammes en Chine
Authors: Qiang Dong
Published: January 2012

Sharpen the Quill, «lacerate nothingness»: "Idéogrammes en Chine".

Hieroglyphs were displaced by Chinese ideograms for Michaux: he intuited the greater part abstraction plays in the way they allude, while they combine painting and writing in gestures reminiscent of throwing and spitting, central to his creative processes.
Ponge, lecteur de Michaux : un différend sans merci
Authors: Roger Jérôme
Published: January 2012

Ponge as Reader of Michaux : Deep Grounds for Controversy.

Ponge, classicist, purifier of the baroque, rather despised Michaux, «orientalist» — the baroque as excess. But are Pong's manifestos ("La Table") not excessive in view of the anthropological nature of Michaux' explorations ("Grandes Épreuves de l'esprit")!
La belle Hélène comme vous ne l'aurez jamais vue (Lessing contre Caylus)
Authors: Vouilloux Bernard
Published: January 2012

Beautiful Helen — Such That You Will Never See Her (Lessing v. Caylus).

Caylus suggested Helen be painted veiled, only her effect on others shown; Lessing ("Laocoon") insisted the painting be beautiful, opening the way to formalism-its desire te produce its own effect and refusal to tell a story.
Image et temps, ou le temps de l'arrêt
Authors: Ropars-Wuilleumier Marie-Claire
Published: January 2012

Image and Time : Arrested Time.

To think an image as the reflection of a fixed point in time is to forget the process-a passage of time-leading to it. To explore this paradox in different texts is to analyse the relationship between the presence of the image and modes of perception of the past.
Sémantique linguistique et analyse de textes
Authors: Ducrot Oswald
Published: January 2012

Semantics and Textual Analysis.

General linguistic concepts can serve textual analysis genuinely, that is produce interpretations that are both pertinent (in agreement with a user's understanding) and interesting (giving a point of view that could not have occurred to a non-linguist).
Le poème rentré de L. F. Céline
Authors: Lafont Suzanne
Published: January 2012

L. F. Celine's Swallowed Poem.

In "Bagatelles pour un massacre", Céline is refused access to the ballet at the Opera; he sees this as the result of a Jewish plot and exclaims "You have made me swallow back my jouissance... [...] Just let me show you what can result of swallowed poetry! [...] Just wait and see anti- semitism!" Desire, writing and ideology joined: what of this swallowed poem of Celine's? Is it not also Rimbaud's?
Identification et distanciation en littérature. Réflexions sur l'art de Borges
Authors: Kibédi Varga Áron
Published: January 2012

Identification and Distance in Literature: Reflections on the Art of Borges.

Story-telling is based on generating images. Identification gets the reader to co-operate in telling the story. To distance reader and story, various techniques can be used — none stronger than Borges's, who attacks the making of images through his tales, and vice-versa.
Le cœur transpercé des statues de cire
Authors: Finas Lucette
Published: January 2012

Piercing the Wax Figures' Hearts.

Alain's call to Germaine Lemaire in "The Planetarium" prefigures Sarraute' s long-in-waiting theatricality: impersonal characters defined through their speech and aversions to others' speech — tropisms.
Notes en marge d'un « livre difficile » : Portrait d'un inconnu
Authors: Raillard Georges
Published: January 2012

Notes in the Margin of a "Difficult Book": "Portrait of a Man Unknown".

Sartre's Preface abounds in references to painting, explored and diversified to illuminate — as Rimbaud would have it — this and the work.
Rumeurs de Salzburg
Authors: Butor Michel
Published: January 2012

Rumours from Salzburg.

Butor' s poem transposes the materiality, spirituality and tacit erudition proper to Sarraute's works.
Dialogue entre A et B
Authors: Farasse Gérard
Published: January 2012

Dialogue Between A and B.

In "Childhood", the little girl invents her first sorrow to please her teacher; the dialogic form of the novel, if a reminiscence of these defences, also expresses suspicion about memory and language.
Garder le change
Authors: Roudaut Jean
Published: January 2012

Keeping to the Scent.

Tropism, a word from the natural sciences, holds tropos, melody, com-

position, as in troubadour, a manner of keeping to what changes and

changing form along with its changes.
La lettre écarlate ou le récit de la force
Authors: Garnier Xavier
Published: January 2012

"The Scarlet Letter" or Force's Narrative.

As Hawthorne's prologue shows, the novel concerns the relationship between signs and vitality, writings and Writing, a sign and a mark. Esther defeats her husband's devitalization of her lover by getting the latter to take up the sign she bears in the flesh — the driving force of the narrative.
Le commencement de la fin. Étude de l'introduction à la quatrième partie des Mémoires d'outre-tombe
Authors: Raucy Paul , Carmignani-Dupont Françoise
Published: January 2012

The Beginning of the End: The Introduction to the Fourth Part of "Mémoires d'outre-tombe".

The post- 1830 opening to the fourth part of the Memoirs is the expression of the limbo in which the author is now located: writing still goes on, yet how can the personal Story continue if it has ceased to be part of History?
Proust ou le corps expressif malgré lui
Authors: Simon Anne
Published: January 2012

Proust or The Body Expressive Despite Itself.

Monadism in Proust is only apparent, for the body's various surfaces, clothes included, betray the self at every turn. The body is thus an allegory, a point of contact between the senses and the intellect, rather than simply a producer of signs to be interpreted.
Les temps retrouvés (Flaubert, Woolf)
Authors: Daunais Isabelle
Published: January 2012

Things Past Remembered (Flaubert, Woolf).

In novels, the irony and knowledge that undo fiction do so through the work of fiction itself. Flaubert's A Simple Heart and the last chapter of Woolf s The Waves emanate from the exhaustion of fiction, but re-establish balance between illusion and knowledge — remember things past.
Pour une raison sensible
Authors: Castin Nicolas
Published: January 2012

Towards Sensory Rationality

Contemporary poetry, since Rimbaud and Mallarmé, invests issues which used to be the preserve of rational philosophy, while philosophy since Nietzsche makes greater use of poetic expressivity. The convergence is towards the sensory focus of perception, rational thought, and expression, the body; but, except at the limits, philosophy establishes concepts, poetry speaks from within.
Approche de la pensée lyrique de Roger Caillois
Authors: Margantin Laurent
Published: January 2012

Roger Caillois's Concept of Lyrical Thinking

Manuscripts show Caillois's early preoccupation with experiences traditional rationality finds difficult to even see, and with developing a rigorous system to understand such experiences. Lyrical thinking is both a reality and such a system in Caillois, and is dependent both on Leibnitz for its articulation, and on German romantic philosophy for its inspiration.
« L'œil clairement ouvert sur la nature », Heidegger et Goethe
Authors: Lacoste Jean
Published: January 2012

"Eyes Clearly Open onto Nature": Heidegger and Goethe

Goethe is both absent and present in Heidegger. Absent as poet, except inasmuch as a master of German; present as prose writer, inasmuch as his nature writings resist overly rational approaches; in all, his metaphysical poetry is never commented for its meaning precisely because it considers man part of nature, the metaphysical error par excellence

for Heidegger.
Le natal et l'étranger : la dialectique du propre chez J.-J. Rabearivelo, F. Ranaivo et J. Rabemananjara
Authors: Meitinger Serge
Published: January 2012

The Native and the Foreign: Dialectics of Singularity in J.-J. Rabearivelo, F. Ranaivo and J. Rabemananjara

The three greatest Malagasy poets in French felt and expressed their identity as Malagasy. But they have variously negotiated their relation- ship both to their origins and to their language or languages, either accepting or refusing the test of the foreign and the apprenticeship of self.
La mania ingegnosa : signification philosophique du maniérisme
Authors: Grassi Ernesto
Published: January 2012

Ernesto Grassi (Françoise Graziani, translation)

La mania ingegnosa: the Philosophical Meaning of Mannerism

Rational thought has a-rational roots; the Latin term for these archaic principles is ingenium — the basis of invention, of, according to Aristotle, induction, and of rhetoric discourse. The tradition of a rationality inseparable from a rhetoric was continued by the Renaissance mannerists, and needs to be taken up and understood today.
La colère d'Aristote. Défense et illustration d'un emportement plus doux que le miel...
Authors: Mathieu-Castellani Gisèle
Published: January 2012

Gisèle Mathieu-Castellani

Aristotle's Anger. A Defense and Illustration of a Fit of Anger as Mellow as Honey...

Anger for Aristotle is the exemplary passion; it is also one for which he

shows considerable indulgence, if not approval, while analysing it in terms of its logic. These considerations make its study and the study of its posterity valuable.
L'acte de mîmêsis
Authors: Brunet Philippe
Published: January 2012

Variations on Mîmêsis

Meditating on mîmêsis implies astonishment at scholarly avoidance of Nietzsche's "Birth of Tragedy" and at Aristotle's "Poetics" avoidance of theatrical reality; avoidances which are perhaps the avoidance of mîmêsis as an actualisation, a mode of reintroducing, revisiting, reliving, representing, myth.
Des petits récits et du grand récit. Raconter l'histoire de la littérature québécoise
Authors: Cambron Micheline
Published: January 2012

Of Small Tales and the Big Picture. Telling the Story of Québécois Literature

The notion of story is a major issue underpinning the present interest in literary history; eliminated in the 1960s, stories now proliferate, as in the study of Québécois literature. But its historiography - all historiography - without solving the problem, may escape it as literature.
Le texte hors de lui : le Commentaire
Authors: Jeanneret Michel
Published: January 2012

The Text Beside Itself: Its Commentary

Commentaries of literary works can either reinforce their limits to build their own discourse, or develop them, rendering both them and themselves limitless - while making sense, their ultimate purpose.
La genèse de La Déchéance d'un homme de Dazai Osamu
Authors: Andō Hiroshi
Published: January 2012

The Genesis of Dazai Osamu's "No Longer Human l"

Japanese publishing traditions are a factor in a reflection on its literary works; such a reflection can then be led through a novel for which all the manuscripts are available.
Hypertexte et Genèse. Naissance d'un grand récit
Authors: Jenny Laurent
Published: January 2012

Laurent Jenny

Hypertext and Genesis: A Great Story Unfolds

One of the three main strands of genetic criticism has invented a new relationship to texts which preserves their traces, creating something like a hypertext, rather than a critical approach.
« L'éternellement provisoire » - une poétique du fragment chez Paul Valéry
Authors: Tsukamoto Masanori
Published: January 2012

«The eternally provisional» - Paul Valéry's Poetics of the Fragment

Valéry' s writing is obstinately fragmentary, in a way that refuses any underlying unity - if every fragment builds its own poetic tension by affirming its provisionality.
L'année 1872 et ses trois notions d'illimité
Authors: Suzuki Keiji
Published: January 2012

1872 and Three Concepts of Limitlessness

In 1872, two trips round the world took place, the fictional one, and Tom- omi Iwakura's delegation's voyage West. Both depended on a notion of cognitive limitlessness - as did Blanqui's work after the Commune.
Le mage et l'histoire. Poésie et rédemption dans William Shakespeare de Victor Hugo
Authors: Vignest Romain
Published: January 2012

The Wise Man and History: Poetry and Redemption in Hugo's "William Shakespeare"

For Hugo, the relationship of art to history is essential, and both explains and is included within his concern for describing his literary predecessors and establishing their hierarchy. In "William Shakespeare", Hugo, through the figure of his double and brother-in-arms, Juvenal, both defines the great poet - by nature opposed to the tyrant — and situates himself within the history that includes Juvenal.
Henri Bosco et l'Ère du soupçon
Authors: Wessler Éric
Published: January 2012

Henri Bosco and The Age of Suspicion 1

According to literary criticism, in his case heavily indebted to romanticism, Bosco is a writer out of his time. Yet a closer study of his works shows that he is fully modern, in particular because of the centrality of the narrator within his fiction; and if he is doubtlessly a believer, in contradistinction to most of his contemporaries, the point of his work is precisely to give the religious feeling a modern novelistic form.
De l'Ombilic aux limbes : la figure de Mélusine dans l'œuvre de Claude Louis-Combet
Authors: Boulard Stéphanie
Published: January 2012

From Umbilicus to Limbo2: the Shadow of the Fairy

The mirrors in Claude Louis-Combet's works figure the double reflections in which communication is lost, but also the way in which the voyeuristic eye seeks the mirror-representation of female sexuality — the masculine eye as speculum. But the speculum engenders monsters or imagines what it sees as engendering monsters — re-encountering the mirror as figure for the maternal waters out of which spring the horrors of the imagination.
Le survivant ou l'Ulysse juif
Authors: Rastier François
Published: January 2012

"The Survivor" or the Jewish Ulysses

As their titles show, Primo Levi's prose work actually seems to have evolved out of his poetry, written mainly in 1946, just before If This Is a Man "(Survival in Auschwitz") (1947), and in 1984, before "The Drowned and the Saved" (1987). Furthermore, the intertexts with Coleridge and with Dante in the poem "The Survivor" which contains the title of Levi's collection of poems, "At an Uncertain Hour", considerably deepen and clarify the problematic of survival central to his work.
Jaccottet, voix de Purcell
Authors: Vasseur Fabien
Published: January 2012

Jaccottet, Voice of Purcell

Jaccottet's poems to Henry Purcell originate in a performance by James Bowman in 1981, more specifically in Deller's voice in "The Fairy Queen", and at first seem a dialogue between music and poetry; however these pieces, which in this join Jaccottet's constant preoccupation with death and the dead, show that music, an essentially non-dialogical form, calls for the poet's language.
L'Espoir de Malraux : épopée ou opéra?
Authors: Loehr Joël
Published: January 2012

Malraux' "Man's Hope": Epic or Opera?

Malraux himself used the metaphor of the opera (music and libretto) to describe his novels, while it appears that as the characters in his novels multiply and as their narratives complexify, the analogy becomes more and more exact. A close reading of "Man 's Hope" reveals it to be constructed along musical principles defining three movements and linking epic scope to operatic breath.
« La lyre d'Orphée » ou Le Tombeau des Chimères
Authors: Illouz Jean-Nicolas
Published: January 2012

"Orpheus's Lyra" or "At The Chimeras" Grave

"The Chimeras" (in particular "El Desdichado") locate the lyrical subject just between subjective identity and identification and impersonality beyond individual subjectivity, its two conceptual poles. But in the poem this historical configuration also figures both personal loss and the incapacity to formulate it symbolically - except inasmuch as it is voiced out loud.
Le conteur dans Un cœur simple
Authors: Rabaté Dominique
Published: January 2012

The Story-Teller in "A Simple Heart"

The story-teller, according to Walter Benjamin, has advice to transmit to the generations after him, and is present in his tale; the novelist deals with individual life stories for individuals. Flaubert's text is poised between its subject-matter, that of a tale, and its technique, which is novelistic; a tension best described by following its narrative voices.
La Peste, des Carnets au roman
Authors: Ansel Yves
Published: January 2012

"The Plague", from "Notebooks" to Novel

Camus' difficult choice of Rieux as narrator in "The Plague" has attracted little critical attention; yet Rieux, in the use he makes of his friend Tarrou's notebooks for his chronicle, reveals himself to be an old-fashioned, controlling type of historiographer, one who seeks order at all costs and disapproves of telling banal stories — a type of chronicler before the fall?
Penser la danse avec Deleuze
Authors: Jacoby Estelle
Published: January 2012

Thinking Dance with Deleuze

Deleuze's thought is consonant with contemporary dance, not so much because he at times evokes dance explicitly as because his thought strives to reflect the way the effort of movement takes shape within and through bodies. The connections appear clearly through different aspects of his works, when confronted with the work of modern dance theoreticians such as Rudolf Laban.
Introduction
Authors: Nichols Stephen G.
Published: January 2012

Introduction: Medieval Otherness

The Middle Ages produces otherness as an object in itself as well as in the dialectic that its observers entertain with their object of study.
Nature et sentiment
Authors: Zink Michel
Published: January 2012

Nature and Sensibility

In the Middle Ages, the concept of nature is linked to God; there is no sense of the spectacle of a nature empty of man. Yet, the evocation of such a nature exists — but not its conceptualization. This is because such evocations are actually of man at one with nature, possessed of no perspective on it — the perspective whose invention will later allow the idea of nature as a spectacle.
Altérités dans le langage : émotions, gestes, codes
Authors: Cerquiglini-Toulet Jacqueline
Published: January 2012

Otherness in Language: Emotion, Gesture, Code

A reflection on the otherness of the Middle Ages is one on otherness itself; if the representation of animal language strikes us as a mark of the otherness of the Middle Ages, an age where the speech of animals could be interpreted, on the other hand that of the language of women shows that women still represent an other in our world.
Des Altérités de la langue. Plurilinguismes poétiques au Moyen Âge
Authors: Heller-Roazen Daniel
Published: January 2012

Of Otherness in Language. Poetic Plurilingualism in the Middle Ages

Dante articulated the medieval philosophy of language: not only can it convey otherness but it is the fruit of otherness within it - which undoes its unity. Examples of plurilingualism - the mozarabic lines ending early Spanish Arabic or Hebraic poems, the "aube de Fleury", "Eras quan vey verdeyar", and "Aï faux ris" - show this dialectic.
Pigault-Lebrun : tonner contre ! Les mauvaises lectures de Flaubert
Authors: Charles Shelly
Published: January 2012

Pigault-Lebrun: Rave Against! The Bad Books Flaubert Read

Intertextuality in "Bouvard and Pécuchet" is usually described as Flaubert's work on documentary sources; yet the novel, as well as the correspondence and notes, albeit in an ambivalent manner, show considerable intertextual debt of an aesthetic and philosophical nature to Pigault-Lebrun and Paul de Kock, authors to be put before Voltaire and Rabelais amongst Flaubert's references — including in "Madame Bovary".
L'arbre des Gratiolet ou les déboires du marquis de Carabas (étude sur la famille Gratiolet dans La Vie mode d'emploi de Georges Perec)
Authors: Dangy Isabelle
Published: January 2012

The Gratiolet Family Tree,

or the Misadventures of the Marques of Carabas

Perec's "La Vie mode d'emploi" also uses the genealogical model, with the building's owners' family tree. To be read up, or down? Family saga reveals that its misfortunes go back to the founder's failure to transmit the family fortune, as in Perrault' s tale "Le Chat botté" — but for the fact that it does not end happily except perhaps through the — inherited? — creativity of the last person on the tree.
Marguerite Yourcenar et Bion de Smyrne : une étude intertextuelle
Authors: Santiago Torre Ricardo
Published: January 2012

Marguerite Yourcenar and Bion of Smyrna: An Intertextual Study

Genette's definitions of intertextuality, applied to "Achille ou le mensonge" in "Feux" and the fragment "Epithalame d'Achille et de Déidamie" attributed to the bucolic Greek poet Bion, are extremely efficient, while Yourcenar,

in elaborating a modern poem from the episode where Achilles is hidden by his mother as a girl amongst girls in the island of Scyros, has offered a possible reading incipient in Bion's fragment.
Lilith, ou la danseuse de Mallarmé réincarnée
Authors: Caron Pascal
Published: January 2012

Lilith, or Mallarmé's Dancer, Reincarnated

Mallarmé related to Lilith, his last cat, and the poet, according to the correspondence, participation in a collective work, and occasional pieces, with a distanced intimacy. Mallarmé's attitude is much the same as towards the dancer in his pieces on ballet: related to contemporary attitudes but actually concerned with the legibility of the animal or dancer for the poet — legibility because read, like a sign, not perceived as immediate meaning.
Quand le verbe se prend d'être
Authors: Garelli Jacques
Published: January 2012

When Verbs Take On Being

An ontological approach to works of art should not lead to the dismissal which modernity reserves for anything to do with the verb "to be": for the impression of beauty left by works of art relies on the ontological dimension to which it gives momentum. Ultimately, Kantian aesthetics and Simon- don's allagmatic approach to the ontological nature of phenomenological interpretations are not antagonistic.
Phénoménologie et référence : Proust et la redéfinition du réel
Authors: Simon Anne
Published: January 2012

Phenomenology and Reference: Proust and the Redefinition of Reality

To refer to reality in literature has often been incorrectly understood as the fact that the author designates elements of the real world of his time, term for term as it were and as if everyone would agree on what constitutes "the real world of his time"; from this point of view, an author such as Proust is cut off from reality. . . This is to miss the degree to which Proust's practice of language asks the relevant questions about reference as it tries to refer to reality, namely the phenomenological question of the way we dynamically construct at least the reality we perceive.
Sur les tonalités littéraires : contribution à une poétique phénoménologique
Authors: Baudelle Yves
Published: January 2012

About Literary Tonalities: a Contribution to a Phenomenological Poetics

Tonality in literature is often mentioned but barely treated, except by Frye. Yet it is possible to trace the history of confrontation with literary tonality, realize its link with the birth of phenomenology — and see in Aristotle's "Poetics", through its treatment of tonality, a phenomenological approach current structuralist doxa notwithstanding.
Théâtre et roman, burlesque et idéal : l'atelier sandien dans Pierre qui roule et Le Beau Laurence
Authors: Frappier-Mazur Lucienne
Published: January 2012

Lucienne Frappier-Mazur

Theatre and Novel, Burlesque and Ideal: Sand's Workshop in "Pierre qui roule" and "Le Beau Laurence"

Sand wrote her own "Roman comique" - one more knowledgeable about theatre than either Scarron's or Gautier' s, and more generous about it and its practitioners than Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister", showing how important theatre was as a locus for her own lucid idealism.
L'amour sans hache
Authors: Berger Anne-Emmanuelle
Published: January 2012

Love With No Axe

At the end of the "Maîtres sonneurs", Huriel feels free to give up woodcutting, drop his axe, and listen to the trees. Sand's sexual and political Utopian scenarios also work their way through to refusing what can cut - in sex, in social relations.
« Écoute le chant du labourage » : chant et travail de l'écriture dans Les Veillées du chanvreur
Authors: Beizer Janet
Published: January 2012

"Listen to the song of the plough": Song and the Work of Writing in "Les Veillées du chanvreur"

Sand's three pastorals do not represent an escape from politics but the place where Sand works out the roots of her identification with the working classes, through the reconstruction of her mother's absence and presence to writing.
Histoire de ma vie : G. Sand, poète ouvrière (1847-1855)
Authors: Vallois Marie-Claire
Published: January 2012

"Histoire de ma vie": G. Sand, Worker Poet (1847-1855) Sand constituted herself as a worker poet, which relates to a childhood memory where she would use her hands to undo the straw of the chairs penning her in while inventing long stories, with masculine garb, a first name linked to the folklore of Berry, and her version of figures such as Orpheus.
Mobile (Butor, 1962), la carte fracturée du récit
Authors: Campaignolle-Catel Hélène
Published: January 2012

"Mobile" (Butor, 1962), Narrative's Fractured Map

Butor' s book corresponds to a transitory phase in the history of books, in which appear both a reflection on the nature of the book as object and a desire to introduce "fracture" and "mobility" within narrative. Three aspects are of principle interest: the relationship between the "mobile" text and its medium, the "book" as deconstructed by its writing; the importance of the text's visual aspect in a Mallarmean tradition which also resonates with the work of Calder and Pollock; the displacement of narrative towards litany and spatial forms which undo the usual métonymie links of the text. In toto, the book qua book appears as the locus for a conflict between destruction and re-creation, spatialisation and linearity, order and disorder, which prefigures computer hypertextuality.
Le sublime evanescent : la tentation de l'émotion esthétique dans les romans de Perec
Authors: Roumette Julien
Published: January 2012

Evanescent Sublime: the Temptation of Aesthetic Emotion in Perec's Novels

Perec in 1966, a year after having published Things: a Story of the Sixties, wrote that he was "living in [his] own manner the Flaubertian conflict between romanticism and realism". One of the major points where this conflict appears is in Flaubert's deflationary but wistful treatment of the sublime; this tension can be found again organising Perec's novels into an itinerary from Things to Life: a User's Manual, from showing the impossibility of the sublime except in a degraded form — corresponding to Marcu- se's idea of contemporary "desublimation" in the Freudian sense — to a complex and nuanced admission of the aesthetic sublime as necessary and possible.
Passages : Isidore Ducasse, Walter Benjamin et Julio Cortázar
Authors: Perrone-Moisès Leyla
Published: January 2012

Passages: Isidore Ducasse, Walter Benjamin and Julio Cortâzar

In "The Other Sky" from "All fires the fire", a 1940s Buenos Aires stockbroker passes to 1870s Paris where he and his mistress take Isidore Ducasse for a murderer, while the tale's structure evokes Benjamin's comments in "The arcades project"
Fascismes et fictions. Le bleu du ciel et L'œillet rouge
Authors: Franco Lina
Published: January 2012

Fascisms and Fictions. "Blue of noon" and "The Red Carnation"

Bataille' s reflections and his commentary on "Red Carnation" show that he

could fictionalise his theory of excess and death as part of fascism's appeal (see the 1936 "Blue of noon") — where Vittorini stops short of such insight.
« Me tamen exprimo » : la singularité d'écrire dans la poésie latine française du XVIe siècle. L'exemple des Naeniae (1550) de Macrin
Authors: Galand-Hallyn Perrine
Published: January 2012

Perrine Galand-Hallyn

"Me tamen exprimo": Singularity of Writing in French 16th Century Latin Poetry. Macrin's "Naeniae" (1550)

Politien first used the expression se exprimere in its modern sense, showing the culmination of a long process of reflection on the relation between imitation and the self in Quintilius, which was to particularly affect the French Renaisssance — where it shows up in practice in Macrin's poetry.
Théâtre : le retour du texte?
Authors: Mégevand Martin , Thomasseau Jean-Marie , Verrier Jean
Published: January 2012

Theatre: the Return of Text?

Is text simply the means and prop of performance, or the basis of theatrical art? This tension has always been central to theatre, and its expression varies historically. Thus interrogations concerning the recent renewed interest in the theatrical text.
Bug-Jargal : la Révolution et ses doubles
Authors: Jullien Dominique
Published: January 2012

Bug-Jargal: Revolution and its Doubles

Hugo's first novel, which we know mainly in its later 1 826 version, shows an ambivalence and fascination with the notion of Revolution, and a pessi- mistic vision of inconclusive heroic sacrifice, which link it with a similarly ambivalent novel of the Revolution and similarly inconclusive figure of heroic self-sacrifice, Hugo's last, Quatre-vingt treize (Ninety-three).
Peindre le rêve
Authors: Kibédi Varga Áron
Published: January 2012

Painting Dreams

Painters have tended to concentrate on exterior realities rather than interior musings; but the issue of historical painting, where of necessity a fixed image must evoke a story taking place in time, reminds us of the issue facing painters of dreams. Whether they represent the dreamer and his dream, the dream alone, or the dreamer alone, at issue is the choice of a still image to evoke a temporal series.
Déplacer quelques frontières. À propos des lettres de Pascal aux Roannez
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique
Published: January 2012

Shifting a Few Frontiers. Concerning Pascal's Letters to the Roannez

The methods of discourse analysis show what it can bring socio-criticism better than premature fore-casts: for example, if trying to understand the nature of the "literary" text, discourse analysis shows how Pascal's letters program themselves for safe-keeping and selected readings.
De la sociocritique à l'argumentation dans le discours
Authors: Amossy Ruth
Published: January 2012

From Socio-Criticism to Argumentation in Discourse

Apparently, socio-criticism and the study of argumentation have very different aims; but the new rhetoric, which takes into account the idea the lo- cutor forms of his audience, coupled with the concept of the text's argumentative dimension, serve socio-criticism, as the analysis of a wartime novel by Lucie Delarue-Mardrus shows.
Genre littéraire et posture d'auteur. Charles-Albert Cingria et La NRF, juillet 1933
Authors: Meizoz Jérôme
Published: January 2012

Literary Genre and Authorial Posture: Charles- Albert Cingria and the NRF, July 1933

Cingria wrote an aesthetically remarkable reading note, an inaesthetic genre, on Trotsky, which treated aesthetically books with no such vocation. The posture is not apolitical, nor is it independent of Cingria' s systematically adopted positions within the literary field.
AN AIRMAN'S PERSONAL ATTITUDE: PILOTS’ POINT OF VIEW / PILOTŲ POŽIŪRIS Į ASMENINES PILOTO SAVYBES
Authors: Nergård Vegard , Hatlevik Ove Edvard , Martinussen Monica , Lervåg Arne
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine airline pilots’ own formulation of desirable non-technical skills. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to identify the pilot community's own perception of desirable personal attitudes. Group interviews formed the basis for developing statements. A sample consisting of 174 pilots were questioned on their perception of desirable attitudes. The major finding indicated clusters of attitudes pilots perceived as desirable. The attitudes pilots called attention to were intimately linked to the concept of airmanship. Factor analysis revealed at least four factors in pilots’ conception of desired personal attitudes of an airman: “knowledge”, ‘flying skills’, ‘CRM’, and ‘self-awareness’.

Santrauka

Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti oro linijų pilotų suformuluotus reikalingus netechninius gebėjimus. Kiekybiniai ir kokybiniai metodai buvo naudojami tam, kad būtų atskleisti pačių pilotų labiausiai vertinami gebėjimai. Teigiamiems gebėjimams nustatyti buvo apklausti 174 pilotai. Nustačius tam tikras gebėjimų sritis paaiškėjo, kad geriausiai pilotai vertino tuos gebėjimus, kurie yra susiję su skraidymu. Buvo atskleisti keturi labiausiai pilotų vertinami faktoriai: žinios, skraidymo įgūdžiai, CRM ir savikontrolė.
Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium simiae in Iran’s national referral center for tuberculosis
Authors: Baghaei Parvaneh , Tabarsi Payam , Farnia Parissa , Marjani Majid , Sheikholeslami Fatemeh Maryam , Chitsaz Mahsa , Gorji Bayani Pegah , Shamaei Masoud , Mansouri Davood , Masjedi Mohammad Reza , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: January 2012

Introduction: Several species of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) can affect humans and can cause either symptomatic or asymptomatic infection.  This study aimed to determine the clinical and radiological manifestation, as well as the treatment, of M. simiae in patients in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, a TB referral hospital in Iran. Methodology: This retrospective study involved all patients presenting to our referral center from 2002 to 2009, with confirmation of M. simiae pulmonary infection. For all patients, sputum smear and culture for identification was performed, as was drug susceptibility testing. Additionally, PCR identification methods for NTM, and high-resolution CT scan were conducted. All patients were treated according to American Thoracic Society recommendations.Results: In total, 26 cases of M. simiae were identified in our center. The mean age of the patients was 58.23 ± 16.9years. Only one patient was HIV positive, and all but one were Iranian. The most frequent symptom was coughing (92.3%), and 100% of the patients had nodular lesions. In addition, bronchiectasis and cavitation were present in 84.6% and 88.5% respectively. All the patients were resistant to every first-line drug. Two patients failed the treatment, and twenty-four were cured, after which no recurrence of the disease was observed.Conclusion: M. simiae may present with clinical and radiological manifestations consistent with tuberculosis, and be resistant to anti-TB agents. A more efficient treatment for NTMs such as M. simiae is needed, to shorten the period of treatment and proved fewer adverse effects than current therapies.
Investigation of the levels of oxidative stress parameters in HIV and HIV-TB co-infected patients
Authors: Awodele Olufunsho , Olayemi Sunday O , Nwite Joseph A , Adeyemo Titilope A
Published: January 2012

Introduction: Among opportunistic pathogens associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Mycobacterium tuberculosis is distinguished by its relative virulence and potential for person-to-person transmission. Oxidative stress is associated with TB infection with a high level in patients with HIV-TB co-infection. However, the comparative level of oxidative stress in HIV patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and naïve (untreated) HIV patients is not clear.Methodology: This study is aimed to determine the level of oxidative stress and haematological parameters in HIV patients (naïve), HIV patients undergoing HAART, and HIV-TB co-infected patients. In total, 100 consenting subjects were recruited from the AIDS Prevention Iniative in Nigeria (APIN) Clinic. For controls, normal male healthy volunteers were recruited from the blood donor clinic and females from the APIN clinic staff members, both of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Measurements of antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation were performed according to standard procedures. Haematological parameters were determined using a fully automated hematology analyzer.Results: Red blood cells significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.001) in all patients when compared with control subjects. The lipid peroxidation (MDA) was significantly high (P ≤ 0.05) in naive patients when compared to HIV patients on HAART. The decrease in the levels of GSH in both naive and HIV-TB co-infected patients (P≤0.001) and HIV patients on HAART (P < 0.05) were significant when compared to control patients.Conclusion: There is lower antioxidant level and higher MDA in naive and HIV-TB co-infected patients as compared to HIV patients on HAART and the seronegative patients.
Comparison of PCR with standard culture of fine needle aspiration samples in the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis
Authors: Derese Yohannes , Hailu Elena , Assefa Tekalign , Bekele Yonas , Mihret Adane , Aseffa Abraham , Hussien Jemal , Ali Ibrahim , Abebe Markos
Published: January 2012

Introduction: Lymphadenopathy is the commonest form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) Clinical diagnosis of TB in lymph nodes requires aspiration of the material and isolation of mycobacteria.  Bacterial culture is the gold standard for detection of tubercle bacilli, but it is time-consuming and requires specialized safety procedures and a BSL3 laboratory. However, PCR is a rapid method which requires small volumes of samples and can also be performed on killed bacilli to ensure safety. This project was designed to compare direct fine needle aspirate (FNA) PCR with culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Methodology: Direct examination of samples with EZN staining, culture, cytology and PCR was performed on previously collected FNA from the patients with suspected tuberculosis lymphadenitis Results: In total, 38% of the samples were positive for TB by culture, 11.8% by EZN staining, 23.4% by PCR, and 59.8% by cytology. Cytology had the highest sensitivity (81%) and EZN stain the least (22.9%). The specificity of EZN stain was the highest (92.4%) while cytology was the lowest (50%). In this study, out of 50 culture-positive samples, 21 (42%) were positive by PCR while 8 (10.8%) out of 74 culture-negative samples were positive by PCR. Conclusions: Although PCR is a sensitive diagnostic method, its sensitivity was shown to be low in this study. Therefore, we recommend that further studies should be conducted on fresh aspirate samples to investigate for possible PCR inhibitors which may limit the sensitivity of PCR diagnosis.
La guerre du Golfe et le renouveau de la puissance aérienne
Authors: de Lespinois Jérôme
Published: January 2012

Résumé La guerre du Golfe reste une opération essentiellement aéroterrestre dans laquelle le facteur aérien s’avère déterminant. Cette situation inédite tient à une série de facteurs liés aux caractéristiques du théâtre, à l’attitude des forces irakiennes, à l’arrivée à maturité d’un certain nombre de techniques dans le domaine des communications et des armements, mais surtout à la disposition d’esprit des chefs interarmées qui ont compris ce qu’ils pouvaient attendre de l’emploi de la troisième dimension. Desert Storm marque également le renouveau de la puissance aérienne sous ses formes stratégiques et tactiques et modèle durablement les formes d’engagement de la force militaire.
Rapport particulier relatif à la participation de l'armée de l'air aux opérations de libération du Koweït et de couverture des Émirats
Authors: Hervouët Daniel
Published: January 2012

Résumé Après la guerre du Golfe, le ministre de la Défense confie au Contrôle général des armées une enquête sur l’organisation et le fonctionnement de la division Daguet dans le but de tirer les enseignements de l’engagement français. La mission est confiée au contrôleur général des armées Ricalens et à une équipe d’une douzaine d’autres contrôleurs. Le contrôleur général Hervouët reçoit la responsabilité d’auditer la participation de l’armée de l’air. Son rapport rendu en juillet 1991 a été tout récemment déclassifié. Après une analyse du contexte général dans lequel s’inscrit cette enquête, l’extrait retenu étudie l’organisation du commandement des éléments air de la division Daguet en France et sur le théâtre.
Pierre Naville, la Nouvelle Gauche face aux Guerres d'Indochine et de Corée (1946-1954)
Authors: Cuenot Alain
Published: January 2012

Résumé Pierre Naville, membre de la Nouvelle Gauche, spécialiste de Clausewitz, étudie avec précision les différents mécanismes stratégiques, politiques, économiques et diplomatiques qui régissent les guerres d’Indochine et de Corée et démontre comment la puissance américaine, face aux blocs soviétique et chinois, s’efforce de contrôler la plus grande partie du Sud-Est asiatique, du Japon aux Philippines, de l’Indonésie au Vietnam, expression d’un sur-impérialisme à la fois insulaire et péninsulaire.
Les élections en Afrique : un mirage démocratique ?
Authors: Darracq Vincent , Magnani Victor
Published: January 2012

Depuis 2000, des élections ont été organisées dans quasiment tous les pays d’Afrique. L’existence de processus électoraux formels n’empêche pas certaines dynasties familiales de perdurer. En outre, nombre de scrutins sont émaillés de violences et les crises postélectorales ne peuvent parfois être résolues que par des accords insatisfaisants de partage du pouvoir. Cependant, un certain nombre d’évolutions positives, dans des pays comme l’Afrique du Sud, semblent signaler que la démocratie électorale est en cours d’institutionnalisation en Afrique.
Coopération internationale et sûreté nucléaire
Authors: Flory Denis
Published: January 2012

L’accident de Fukushima a conduit l’AIEA, garante du cadre international de sûreté nucléaire, à tester ses procédures d’urgence et à préciser les instruments à sa disposition. Le Plan d’action sur la sûreté nucléaire du 22 septembre 2011 met en place les éléments d’un renforcement des contrôles autour de la notion de transparence de l’évaluation par les pairs. Ce Plan d’action constitue une étape importante, applicable sans attendre une éventuelle modification juridique des conventions de sûreté.
Syrie : l'islam dans la révolution
Authors: Pierret Thomas
Published: January 2012

La mouvance islamique syrienne ne constitue pas un bloc homogène. Les Frères musulmans ne jouent aucun rôle sur le terrain durant le soulèvement de 2011 mais sont très présents dans l’opposition en exil. Leur autorité est contestée par de nouveaux acteurs islamistes comme le Courant islamique démocratique indépendant. Quant aux oulémas, ils sont divisés entre ceux qui soutiennent le régime et ceux qui s’engagent aux côtés des manifestants, à leurs risques et périls.
L'Afghanistan après 2014
Authors: de Ponton d’Amécourt Jean
Published: January 2012

Le retrait annoncé des forces alliées d’Afghanistan incite à imaginer un nouveau dispositif de stabilisation. Les forces afghanes ne peuvent seules assurer la sécurité du pays : elles devront continuer à bénéficier d’une aide logistique, pour le renseignement et la formation. Le transfert de responsabilités exige des évolutions institutionnelles, par exemple vers plus de décentralisation, et un accord entre les parties en présence, si possible inséré dans un processus de négociation régional.
MULTICHANNEL PLANAR MICROELECTRODE ARRAY FOR SOMATIC MAPPING IN RATS
Authors: Shaw Fu-Zen , Yang Tsung-Fu , Huang Chien-Chun , Yeh Keng-Hung , Chang Tao-Chih , Leu Fang-Jun
Published: January 2012

Planar electrode array is an important tool to evaluate perceptual or cognitive functions of the cortex and prosthetic applications. Many construction methods have been developed. To maximize the usefulness of an array electrode, a low-cost, precise, and flexible microelectrode array with low man power and short construction duration is crucial. In this study, we introduced an 8 × 8 microelectrode array on a flexible polyimide film through microelectronics fabrication. The array dimension was capable of covering the primary somatosensory cortex of a rat. The microelectrode array was insulated with biocompatible Parylene-C except of microelectrode tip. Each electrode tip was 66 μm height and separated with 0.5 mm to refine a detail somatic sensory processing. In pentobarbital anesthetized rats, stable spontaneous brain activity was successfully recorded through the electrode array. In addition, positive peaks of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) elicited by stimulating rat's whisker pad, forepaw, hindpaw, and tail were obviously and consistently recorded. Latencies of SEPs increased as caudal part of the body was stimulated. The SEPs from stimulation of 4 body parts revealed different spatiotemporal patterns, which indicated a somatotopic organization of the rat. Our results demonstrated the superiority of the planar microelectrode array on the application of simultaneous recording and analysis of the brain activity in rats.
Impact of Structures on Knowledge Contribution in Virtual Organizations
Authors: Zhang Xi
Published: January 2012

As multi-culture virtual teams become more prevalent in organizations, it becomes increasingly imperative to understand knowledge sharing dynamics. This paper uses Adaptive Structuration Theory extended to address proactive structuration as a foundation from which a model is developed to include aspects of knowledge sharing. Propositions are established, and evidence is provided based on a project involving 119 participants comprising 13 teams of nominally nine members. Each team was composed of three sub-teams of nominally three participants from three locations: The Netherlands, Hong Kong and Beijing. The discussion focuses on managing conflict and maximizing contribution.