bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of the oligogalacturonate-specific KdgM porin
Authors: Hutter C. A. J. , Lehner R. , Wirth Ch. , Condemine G. , Peneff C. , Schirmer T.
Published: May 2014

The phytopathogenic Gram-negative bacteriumDickeya dadantii(Erwinia chrysanthemi) feeds on plant cell walls by secreting pectinases and utilizing the oligogalacturanate products. An outer membrane porin, KdgM, is indispensable for the uptake of these acidic oligosaccharides. Here, the crystal structure of KdgM determined to 1.9 Å resolution is presented. KdgM is folded into a regular 12-stranded antiparallel β-barrel with a circular cross-section defining a transmembrane pore with a minimal radius of 3.1 Å. Most of the loops that would face the cell exteriorin vivoare disordered, but nevertheless mediate contact between densely packed membrane-like layers in the crystal. The channel is lined by two tracks of arginine residues facing each other across the pore, a feature that is conserved within the KdgM family and is likely to facilitate the diffusion of acidic oligosaccharides.
Diaquabis(nicotinamide-κN1)bis(thiocyanato-κS)cobalt(II)
Authors: Pandey Deepanjali , Narvi Shahid S. , Chaudhuri Siddhartha
Published: May 2014

In the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2], the CoIIcation is located on an inversion centre and is coordinated by two thiocyanate anions, two nicotinamide molecules and two water molecules in a distorted N2O2S2octahedral geometry. The amide group is twisted by 31.30 (16)° with respect to the pyridine ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O, O—H...S and N—H...S hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supramolecular network. Weak π–π stacking is observed between parallel pyridine rings of adjacent molecules, the centroid–centroid distance being 3.8270 (19) Å.
2-(2-Methylphenyl)-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide
Authors: Narayana B. , Nayak Prakash S. , Sarojini Balladka K. , Jasinski Jerry P.
Published: May 2014

In the title compound, C12H12N2OS, the dihedral angle between the benzene and thiazole rings is 83.5 (7)°. The acetamide group is almost coplanar with the thiazole ring, being twisted from it by 4.2 (9)°. In the crystal, pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds link molecules into inversion dimers, generatingR22[8] loops; the dimers are stacked along [001].
(3Z)-3-[(Z)-2-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]indolin-2-one 0.17-hydrate
Authors: Liu Yong-Hong , Zhao Lei , Liu Ming-Xuan , Lin Hai , Li Jing-Jing
Published: May 2014

In the title compound, C16H10N4O2·0.17H2O, prepared by the one-step condensation reaction of isatin with hydrazine hydrate under microwave irradiation, the complete organic molecule is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry and therefore exists in anS-transconformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional framework with [001] channels, which are occupied by the disordered water molecules.
Cs5Sn9(OH)·4NH3
Authors: Friedrich Ute , Korber Nikolaus
Published: May 2014

The title compound, pentacaesium nonastannide hydroxide tetraammonia, crystallized from a solution of CsSnBi in liquid ammonia. The Sn94−unit forms a monocapped quadratic antiprism. The hydroxide ion is surrounded by five caesium cations, which form a distorted quadratic pyramidal polyhedron. A three-dimensional network is formed by Cs—Sn [3.8881 (7) Å to 4.5284 (7) Å] and Cs—NH3[3.276 (7)–3.636 (7) Å] contacts.
3-Methylsulfanyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine
Authors: Hamri Salha , Hafid Abderrafia , Khouili Mostafa , El Ammari Lahcen , Ketatni El Mostafa
Published: May 2014

In the molecule of the title compound, C10H9N3S, the dihedral angle between the triazine and phenyl rings is 11.77 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7359 (3) and 3.7944 (4) Å], forming layers parallel to thebcplane.
Ethyl 8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshinobu , Yoshida Nanako
Published: May 2014

In the title compound, C13H13NO4, the asymmetric unit contains four independent molecules, each exhibiting an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. The ethyl group in one of the four molecules is disordered, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.295 (16):0.705 (16). A face-to-face stacking interaction is found between the benzene rings of the quinoline units of two of the molecules [centroid–centroid distance = 3.541 (2) Å], which are sandwiched by the other two molecules through N—H...O hydrogen bonding. In the crystal, the sandwiched molecules are assembledviastacking interactions along theb-axis direction with their translation-symmetry equivalents [centroid–centroid distance = 3.529 (2) Å], and are further linked through N—H...O hydrogen bonding. The other two molecules are linkedviastacking interactions with their inversion-symmetry equivalents [centroid–centroid distances = 3.512 (3) and 3.716 (4) Å] andviaN—H...O hydrogen bonding.
(2E,7E)-2,7-Bis[(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]cycloheptanone
Authors: Nithya C. , Sithambaresan M. , Prathapan S. , Kurup M. R. Prathapachandra
Published: May 2014

The whole molecule of the title compound, C17H16OS2, is generated by two-fold rotational symmetry. The carbonyl C and O atoms of the cycloheptanone ring lie on the twofold rotation axis which bisects the opposite –CH2–CH2– bond of the ring. The molecule exists in anE,Econformation with respect to the C=C double bond. The cycloheptanone ring exhibits a twisted chair conformation and its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 50.12 (19)° with the planes of the thiophene rings. The two S atoms are in anantiarrangement with respect the carbonyl O atom and the dihedral angle between the two thiophene ring planes is 69.38 (7)°. In the molecule, there are two intramolecular C—H...S hydrogen bond, formingS(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, inversion dimers are generatedviapairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds. These dimers are interconnected by another interaction of the same kind with a neighbouring molecule, forming a molecular chain along thec-axis direction.
N-Ethyl-2-[1-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
Authors: Anderson Brian J. , Shalit Zachary A. , Jasinski Jerry P.
Published: May 2014

In the title compound, C15H17N3OS, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the 2-hydroxynapthyl ring system and the hydrazinecarbothioamide group is 73.7 (3)°. In the crystal, weak O—H...S and C—H...O interactions and π–π stacking interactions involving one of the hydroxynapthyl rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.6648 (14) Å are observed, forming infinite chains along [010]. In addition, N—H...S interactions occur.
4-{[4-(Dimethylamino)benzylidene]amino}benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Durgun Mustafa , Türkmen Hasan , Tunç Tuncay , Hökelek Tuncer
Published: May 2014

The title Schiff base compound, C15H17N3O2S, is non-planar with a dihedral angle of 69.88 (4)° between the planes of the benzene rings. In the crystal, pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds, between the sulfonamide nitrogen-H atom and the azomethine N atom, link the molecules into inversion dimers, formingR22(16) ring motifs. These dimers are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, between the sulfonamide nitrogen-H atom and one sulfonamide O atom, forming sheets lying parallel to (100). Within the sheets there are weak parallel slipped π–π interactions involving inversion-related benzenesulfonamide rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8800 (9) Å; normal distance = 3.4796 (6) Å; slippage = 1.717 Å].
N-Ethyl-2-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
Authors: Anderson Brian J. , Hall Jeffrey R. , Jasinski Jerry P.
Published: May 2014

The title compound, C12H17N3OS, crystallizes with two independent molecules (AandB) in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene ring and the hydrazinecarbothioamide group are 6.9 (4) and 37.2 (5)° in moleculesAandB, respectively. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond is observed in each molecule. This serves to maintain an approximately planar conformation for moleculeA, but leaves a significant twist between these two groups in moleculeB. In the crystal, a weak N—H...S interaction is observed, forming inversion dimers among theBmolecules and resulting in anR22(8) motif. These dimers are further interconnected by weak N—H...O and C—H...O intermolecular interactions, forming chains along [011].
ThePDB_REDOserver for macromolecular structure model optimization
Authors: Joosten Robbie P. , Long Fei , Murshudov Garib N. , Perrakis Anastassis
Published: May 2014

The refinement and validation of a crystallographic structure model is the last step before the coordinates and the associated data are submitted to the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The success of the refinement procedure is typically assessed by validating the models against geometrical criteria and the diffraction data, and is an important step in ensuring the quality of the PDB public archive [Readet al.(2011),Structure,19, 1395–1412]. ThePDB_REDOprocedure aims for `constructive validation', aspiring to consistent and optimal refinement parameterization and pro-active model rebuilding, not only correcting errors but striving for optimal interpretation of the electron density. A web server forPDB_REDOhas been implemented, allowing thorough, consistent and fully automated optimization of the refinement procedure inREFMACand partial model rebuilding. The goal of the web server is to help practicing crystallographers to improve their model prior to submission to the PDB. For this, additional steps were implemented in thePDB_REDOpipeline, both in the refinement procedure,e.g.testing of resolution limits andk-fold cross-validation for small test sets, and as new validation criteria,e.g.the density-fit metrics implemented inEDSTATSand ligand validation as implemented inYASARA. Innovative ways to present the refinement and validation results to the user are also described, which together with auto-generatedCootscripts can guide users to subsequent model inspection and improvement. It is demonstrated that using the server can lead to substantial improvement of structure models before they are submitted to the PDB.
Room-temperature macromolecular serial crystallography using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Stellato Francesco , Oberthür Dominik , Liang Mengning , Bean Richard , Gati Cornelius , Yefanov Oleksandr , Barty Anton , Burkhardt Anja , Fischer Pontus , Galli Lorenzo , Kirian Richard A. , Meyer Jan , Panneerselvam Saravanan , Yoon Chun Hong , Chervinskii Fedor , Speller Emily , White Thomas A. , Betzel Christian , Meents Alke , Chapman Henry N.
Published: May 2014

A new approach for collecting data from many hundreds of thousands of microcrystals using X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser has recently been developed. Referred to as serial crystallography, diffraction patterns are recorded at a constant rate as a suspension of protein crystals flows across the path of an X-ray beam. Events that by chance contain single-crystal diffraction patterns are retained, then indexed and merged to form a three-dimensional set of reflection intensities for structure determination. This approach relies upon several innovations: an intense X-ray beam; a fast detector system; a means to rapidly flow a suspension of crystals across the X-ray beam; and the computational infrastructure to process the large volume of data. Originally conceived for radiation-damage-free measurements with ultrafast X-ray pulses, the same methods can be employed with synchrotron radiation. As in powder diffraction, the averaging of thousands of observations per Bragg peak may improve the ratio of signal to noise of low-dose exposures. Here, it is shown that this paradigm can be implemented for room-temperature data collection using synchrotron radiation and exposure times of less than 3 ms. Using lysozyme microcrystals as a model system, over 40 000 single-crystal diffraction patterns were obtained and merged to produce a structural model that could be refined to 2.1 Å resolution. The resulting electron density is in excellent agreement with that obtained using standard X-ray data collection techniques. With further improvements the method is well suited for even shorter exposures at future and upgraded synchrotron radiation facilities that may deliver beams with 1000 times higher brightness than they currently produce.
Anisotropic thermal expansion in a metal–organic framework
Authors: Madsen Solveig Røgild , Lock Nina , Overgaard Jacob , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: May 2014

Ionothermal reaction between MnII(acetate)2·4H2O and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) in either of the two ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMIMBr) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate (EMIMOTs) resulted in the formation of the new metal–organic framework (MOF) EMIM[MnIIBTC] (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate). The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupPbcawith unit-cell parameters ofa= 14.66658 (12),b= 12.39497 (9),c= 16.63509 (14) Å at 100 K. Multi-temperature single-crystal (15–340 K) and powder X-ray diffraction studies (100–400 K) reveal strongly anisotropic thermal expansion properties. The linear thermal expansion coefficients, αL(l), attain maximum values at 400 K along thea- andb-axis, with αL(a) = 115 × 10−6 K−1and αL(b) = 75 × 10−6 K−1. At 400 K a negative thermal expansion coefficient of −40 × 10−6 K−1is observed along thec-axis. The thermal expansion is coupled to a continuous deformation of the framework, which causes the structure to expand in two directions. Due to the rigidity of the linker, the expansion in theabplane causes the network to contract along thec-axis. Hirshfeld surface analysis has been used to describe the interaction between the framework structure and the EMIM cation that resides within the channel. This reveals a number of rather weak interactions and one governing hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Linear alkaline earth metal phosphinate coordination polymers: synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Rood Jeffrey A. , Huttenstine Ashley L. , Schmidt Zachery A. , White Michael R. , Oliver Allen G.
Published: May 2014

Reaction of alkaline earth metal salts with diphenylphosphinic acid in dimethylformamide solvent afforded four coordination polymers: [Mg3(O2PPh2)6(DMF)2]·2DMF (I), [Ca(O2PPh2)2(DMF)2] (II), [Sr(O2PPh2)2(DMF)2] (III) and [Ba(O2PPh2)2(DMF)2] (IV) (where DMF isN,N-dimethylformamide). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that all four compounds produce linear chain structures in the solid state, with the Ca, Sr and Ba forming isostructural crystals. The bulk materials were characterized by FT–IR and1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses.
UAE
Rhazya Stricta Decne
extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution
Authors: Nahlé Ayssar , Almaidoor Ibrahim , Abdel-Rahman Ibrahim
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to study electrochemically and by weight-loss experiments the effect of UAE
Rhazya Stricta Decne
extract on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution, which will serve researchers in the field of corrosion.

Design/methodology/approach

– Weight loss measurements were carried out on mild steel specimens in 1.0 M HCl and in 1.0 M HCl containing various concentrations (ranging from 2.0 to 0.002 g/L.) of the UAE
Rhazya Stricta Decne
extract at temperatures ranging from 303 to 343 K.

Findings

– The aqueous
Rhazya Stricta Decne
leaves extract was found to be a highly efficient inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution, reaching about 90 per cent at 2.0 g/L and 303 K, a concentration considered to be very moderate. Even with one-tenth of that concentration, 0.2 g/L, an inhibition of about 82 per cent was obtained at 303 K. The rate of corrosion of the mild steel in 1.0 M HCl is a function of the concentration of the
Rhazya Stricta Decne
extract. This rate increases as the concentration of the
Rhazya Stricta Decne
extract is increased. The percentage of inhibition in the presence of this inhibitor was decreased with temperature which indicates that physical adsorption was the predominant inhibition mechanism because the quantity of adsorbed inhibitor decreases with increasing temperature.

Practical implications

– This inhibitor could have application in industries, where HCl solutions at elevated temperatures are used to remove scale and salts from steel surfaces, such as acid cleaning of tankage and pipeline, and may render dismantling unnecessary.

Originality/value

– This paper is intended to be added to the family of green corrosion inhibitors which are highly efficient and can be used in the area of corrosion prevention and control.
Promoting CSR to foster sustainable development
Authors: Moyeen Abdul , West Brian
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes and perceptions of senior managers in Bangladesh with regard to corporate social responsibility (CSR), focusing on the impact of CSR promotional programmes in fostering an affirmative view of sustainable development. This issue has special significance in a country that is one of the fastest growing economies in south Asia and also particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of 32 managers of large enterprises operating in a variety of industries.

Findings

– The positive attitudes observed suggest that various programmes adopted to promote CSR have had some effect. However, sustainable development and environmental issues tend to remain on the periphery of managers’ understandings and perceptions of CSR.

Research limitations/implications

– This study aids understanding of how business managers may respond to CSR promotional campaigns. Further studies in other comparable countries, and in other settings where CSR is poorly established, are encouraged in order to provide more comprehensive insights and overcome the limited sample size of the current study.

Practical implications

– While insights to how the managers of local enterprises can be persuaded to become more effectively engaged in CSR are provided, a need to foster a more comprehensive notion of CSR is also identified.

Originality/value

– As well as contributing to redressing the strong bias towards developed country settings in CSR research, this research is novel in exploring how CSR promotional efforts may influence the attitudes and perceptions of managers.
Comparative study of behavioral mindsets in team decision
Authors: S. Chong Philip , Chen Ming , Su Xuemei
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– Resource allocation is an important area of strategic planning in any organization, including higher education. In comparing two case examples of a college's efforts in shared governance in allocating budget to its five departments, the purpose of this paper is to show the importance of a college's awareness and understanding of team behavioral mindsets and contextual factors when practicing continuous improvement each time it applies shared governance.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors propose five models that represent five distinct behavioral mindsets. The authors examine the fit of real data based on two case examples, and then identify and compare the behavioral mindsets and possible coalition formed in each case.

Findings

– The results show the type of behavioral mindset evolves over time, and the contextual factors such as changes in the macro-environment, the composition of decision makers, and their personalities, play an important role in shaping the final outcome. Continuously monitoring and learning, which leads to a more thorough understanding and awareness of the changes in contextual factors, is imperative.

Originality/value

– Team decision making involving resource allocation is a critical problem in higher education when applying shared governance. A clear understanding of the type of behavioral mindset exhibited in the process and its causes is critical. The paper proposes a model that can help higher education administrators identify the behavioral mindset. In addition, the authors find support from established theories for the evolution of team behavioral mindsets in a college's budget allocation.
Inventory holding costs measurement: a multi-case study
Authors: Azzi Anna , Battini Daria , Faccio Maurizio , Persona Alessandro , Sgarbossa Fabio
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– Logisticians in the worldwide industry are frequently faced with the problem of measuring the total cost of holding inventories with simple and easy-to-use methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to look at the problem, and in particular illustrate the inventory holding cost rate computation, when different kind of warehousing systems are applied.

Design/methodology/approach

– A multiple case study analysis is here developed and supported by a methodological framework directly derived from the working group discussions and brainstorming activities. Two different field of application are considered: one related to five companies with manual warehousing systems operating with traditional fork lift trucks; the other is among five companies operating with automated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS) to store inventories.

Findings

– The multi-case study helps to understand how the holding cost parameter is currently computed by industrial managers and how much the difference between manual and automated/automatic warehousing systems impacts on the inventory cost structure definition. The insights from the ten case studies provide evidence that the kind of storage system adopted inside the factory can impact on the holding cost rate computation and permit to derive important considerations.

Practical implications

– The final aim of this work is to help industrial engineers and logisticians in correctly understanding the inventory costs involved in their systems and their cost structure. In addition, the multi-case analysis leads to considerations, to be applied in different industrial contexts. As other industrial applications are identified, they may be analyzed by using the presented methodology, and with aid from the data from this paper.

Originality/value

– The relevance of this work is to help industrial engineers and logisticians in understanding correctly the inventory costs involved in their logistics systems and their cost structure. In addition, the multi-case analysis lead to interesting final considerations, easily to be applied in different industrial contexts. As other industrial applications are identified, they may be analyzed by using the methodology and extrapolating the data from this paper.
A longitudinal view of supply chain education
Authors: E. Fawcett Stanley , M. Rutner Stephen
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The logistics and supply chain management discipline has evolved dramatically over the past generation. The rapid pace of change has challenged education providers – e.g., universities, professional associations, and publications – to remain relevant to various stakeholders. Relying on an open systems design perspective, the purpose of this paper is to assess how well organizations use constrained resources (personnel, dollars, time, etc.) to meet customers’ educational needs.

Design/methodology/approach

– To examine how well educational providers are meeting stakeholder goals, universities, associations, and publications are examined across time by multiple surveys to determine if they are keeping pace in the changing business world.

Findings

– The paper identifies two gaps. First, stakeholders report a growing gap between the offerings of existing education providers and their educational needs. Second, the gap between academic and practitioner perceptions is growing. Importantly, some organizations and universities are doing a better job of responding to changing educational requirements. Finally, a shift to SCM is further complicating the educational process.

Originality/value

– This study makes two primary contributions. First, it identifies important changes in the logistics and supply chain education market. Second, it provides updated rankings of the perceptions of academics and practitioners regarding three education providers: professional organizations, universities, and publications. This insight enables logistics and supply chain thought leaders to evaluate how they can enhance education resources and thus remain relevant in a rapidly changing and increasingly tumultuous marketplace.
Hate crime against older people in England and Wales – an econometric enquiry
Authors: Iparraguirre José
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present an econometric analysis of hate crime against older people based on data for England and Wales for 2010-2011 disaggregated by Crown Prosecution Service area – a geographical unit which is co-terminus with local authorities.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors ran different specifications of structural regression models including one latent variable and accounting for a number of interactions between the covariates.

Findings

– The paper suggests that the higher the level of other types of hate crime is in an area, the higher the level of hate crime against older people. Demographics are also significant: a higher concentration of older and young people partially explains hate crime levels against the former. Employment, income and educational deprivation are also associated with biased-crime against older people. Conviction rates seem to reduce hate crime against older people, and one indicator of intergenerational contact is not significant.

Research limitations/implications

– Due to data availability and quality, the paper only studies one years worth of data. Consequently, the research results may lack generalisability. Furthermore, the proxy variable for intergenerational contact may not be the most suitable indicator; however, there will not be any other indicators available until Census data come out.

Practical implications

– The paper suggests that factors underlying hate crime would also influence hate crime against older people. Besides, the results would not support the “generational clash” view. Tackling income, educational and employment deprivation would help significantly reduce the number of episodes of biased criminal activity against older people. Improving conviction rates of all types of hate crime would also contribute to the reduction of hate crime against older people.

Originality/value

– This paper presents the first econometric analysis of hate crime against older people.
Motivating millennials to engage in charitable causes through social media
Authors: Paulin Michele , J. Ferguson Ronald , Jost Nina , Fallu Jean-Mathieu
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– It has been suggested that the future success of non-profit organizations lies in ensuring the sustainable involvement of the Millennial generation through social network sites. Facebook is a social media (SM) network that creates new research contexts and methodologies in service management. Organizations must now engage in learning how customer-with-customer interactions in SM could work best for them. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the factors influencing Millennials support for social causes through their autonomous engagement in the public environment of SM.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors conducted two studies of events for social causes (breast cancer and youth homelessness). In each, two Facebook event pages appealing to others-benefits and self-benefits were designed. Participants were randomly assigned the task of examining the appeal pages online. The dependent variables were two sets of intentions in support of the cause (online and offline). The effectiveness of an others-benefit vs a self-benefit Facebook appeal, the influence of empathetic identification with these causes and the direct and mediating effects of autonomous motivation was studied.

Findings

– The studies provide consistent evidence that, to gain Millennial's support for social causes through SM, it is better to appeal mainly to the benefits others derive than to benefits to the self. Autonomous motivation is a strong predictor of supportive intentions and it also significantly mediates the positive influence of empathetic identification with a cause. Self-reported behavioral data following the youth homelessness event provided empirical evidence that the supportive intentions data were valid predictors of actual behaviors.

Originality/value

– The paper used innovative experimental and correlational research methodologies to address Millennial's social behaviors within a SM context. The paper also introduced self-determination theory of motivation to this literature. From a practical standpoint, Millennials readily engage in impression management. Therefore, their supportive activities should be publicly lauded. Managers should also identify those Millennials who already empathize with the cause and facilitate their ability to influence other members in their networks. SM are changing at a fast pace and managers should employ Millennials in developing pertinent strategies and practices to keep pace. Taking advantage of marketing “with” Millennials can facilitate the development of new approaches for creating and supporting cause events.
Assessment of different methods of treatment for an integrated municipal waste management for an Algerian city
Authors: Sefouhi Linda , Kalla Mehdi , Bahmed Lylia
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide suitable solutions to the management system of the municipal solid waste in an Algerian city.

Design/methodology/approach

– The adopted approach focussed on the evaluation of different methods concerning the Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM), by analyzing methods of solid waste management hierarchy which constitutes appropriate tools in the MSWM.

Findings

– One pillar of sustainable solid waste management is strategic planning, and links to guidance are provided. Another pillar is cost analysis of solid waste options, and links to useful analytical tools are also provided.

Research limitations/implications

– This research has limitations that the paper plans to study in perspective: assessment of citizen perception of waste and its practical implications in the management of municipal solid waste as well as involvements of other agents or structures.

Practical implications

– Results investigations conducted in this study allows to the municipality for solving city problems of MSW with priority to the environmental and public health protection.

Originality/value

– The interest is carried, here, with the success of the different methods concerning the solid waste management hierarchy, which conditions mainly the success of the improvement of the waste management system.
Enrichment diagram (ED)
Authors: Portella Ribeiro Andreza , Maria Graciano Figueiredo Ana , Osman dos Santos José , Sonoda Keiko Dantas Elizabeth , Elena Barboza Cotrim Marycel , Alves de Lima Ferreira Paulo , Joacir de França Elvis , Silveira Graudenz Gustavo , Michaelovitch de Mahiques Michel , Cesar Lopes Figueira Rubens , Cesar de Faria Alvim Wasserman Julio
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to validate and apply enrichment diagrams (EDs) to determine metal and as enrichment and contamination in the sediments of Sepetiba Bay.

Design/methodology/approach

– Through inducted coupled plasma – optical emission spectrophotometry, total element (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations were assessed for the construction of EDs and comparison with enrichment factors (EFs) in 65 samples collected in Sepetiba Bay.

Findings

– Based on the EDs, it was observed that the sediments around the urban area of Sepetiba and ItaguaíHarbor were contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. These contaminants were expected due to the urban and industrial discharges into the bay and the activities at ItaguaíHarbor.

Originality/value

– The ED was successful regarding its ability to evaluate inorganic contamination in Sepetiba Bay. In addition, this method was able to define a proper background sample for calculating EFs.
Economics of ageing: research area and perspectives
Authors: Meiners Norbert
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the latest findings on the economic potential of ageing and compare them primarily from a consumables perspective. The relevant question relating to this research was: What are the economic consequences of the demographic development in relation to consumer demand for products and services in old age?

Design/methodology/approach

– Narrative systematic publications were thoroughly reviewed and collated. A systematic search was carried out in journals, books, databases, the internet as well as within the scientific community from November 2012 to May 2013.

Findings

– A total of 115 relevant scientific publications were identified in this review (from 1964 to 2013). In order to gain an actual overview of the relevant literature, the results show the most recent publications from 2000 to 2013.

Research limitations/implications

– There are three limitations within this paper: First, the search process used only four databases. Second, this review only took into account publications in English and German. Therefore, the review may fail to encompass all published literature. Finally, this study did not endeavour to evaluate the methodological quality of each scientific publication. Study findings were taken as reported.

Originality/value

– This paper aims at analysing the economic potentials of ageing primarily from the perspective of consumption. The focus of this economics of ageing investigation is on the “demography-related” consequences in terms of the demand behaviour of the older consumers (the elderly as potential buyers). The paper deals with all the “silver economy” as a cross-sector campaign and research area for economics of ageing – a still fairly young discipline, both in science and in practical applications.
Parasites exert conflicting selection pressures to affect reproductive asynchrony of their host plant in an obligate pollination mutualism
Authors: Krishnan Anusha , Borges Renee M.
Published: May 2014

Plant reproductive phenology is generally viewed as an individual's strategy to maximize gamete exchange and propagule dispersal and is often considered largely dependent on patterns of floral initiation. Reproductive phenology, however, can be affected by proximate responses to pollinators, parasites and herbivores which could influence floral longevity or fruit development time.

We examined the influence of insect interactants on within‐plant reproductive phenology in the fig–fig wasp nursery pollination mutualism in Ficus racemosa (Moraceae). Most figs support a wasp community comprised of a mutualistic pollinator, with several host‐plant‐specific non‐pollinating herbivorous gallers and parasitoids. These wasps reproduce within enclosed inflorescences called syconia, which develop into fruit after pollination. While different wasp species oviposit into syconia at varying times during its ontogeny, all wasp progeny are constrained to exit syconia simultaneously just prior to fruit ripening. Developing larvae of early‐ovipositing wasps may hasten syconium ontogeny through formation of earlier and larger nutrient sinks, whereas larvae of late‐arriving parasites may lengthen syconium ontogeny to complete their development successfully. Seeds are also important nutrient sinks. The number of seeds and the type and number of developing wasps may therefore be expected to influence syconium development times, thereby affecting the reproductive synchrony of syconia on a plant.

Observations on naturally pollinated and parasitized syconia indicated that their seed and wasp content affected syconium development time. Experimental manipulations of syconia to produce only seeds or various combinations of wasps confirmed this finding. Early‐ovipositing galler progeny reduced syconium development times, while gallers ovipositing concurrently with pollinators had no effect on syconium development. Late‐ovipositing parasitoid progeny, the presence of only seeds within the syconium, or delayed pollination increased syconium development time. The differential development of syconia, which was influenced by mutualistic or parasitic progeny, accordingly contributed to within‐tree reproductive asynchrony.

Synthesis. Individual reproductive units in fig trees called syconia, which also function as brood sites for pollinating and parasitic fig wasps, have plastic development durations dependent on pollination timing and species of wasps developing within them. Syconium development times are a likely compromise between conflicting demands from developing seeds and different wasp species.
Evidence‐based vegetation management: prospects and challenges
Authors: Milberg Per
Published: May 2014

The effect of applied vegetation science on society has the potential to increase by adopting an evidence‐based approach. However, this would require a shift in focus towards effect size and results suitable for meta‐analyses, a focus on practitioners as potential readers, more emphasis on practical problems rather than mechanism, and an acceptance of all well‐executed experimental studies, even if confirmatory. Thus, the prevailing editorial policies need to be reconsidered, as well as the methods of analysing, reporting and evaluating research, for our research efforts to be of better use within society.
Discussion of combining biomarkers to optimize patient treatment recommendations
Authors: Zhao Ying‐Qi , Kosorok Michael R.
Published: May 2014

Kang, Janes and Huang propose an interesting boosting method to combine biomarkers for treatment selection. The method requires modeling the treatment effects using markers. We discuss an alternative method, outcome weighted learning. This method sidesteps the need for modeling the outcomes, and thus can be more robust to model misspecification.
Association between dental caries and obesity evaluated by air displacement plethysmography in 18‐year‐old adolescents in Pelotas, Brazil
Authors: Justo Fabiano de Castro , Fontanella Vania Regina Camargo , Feldens Carlos Alberto , Silva Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro , Gonçalves Helen , Assunção Maria Cecília , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista
Published: May 2014

Objectives

To investigate the association between dental caries and obesity, evaluated by air displacement plethysmography, among 18‐year‐old adolescents from a birth cohort in the city of Pelotas, Brazil.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study nested in a birth cohort study was conducted in Pelotas, Brazil. A random sample of 986 18‐year‐old adolescents was selected. The outcome variable was the occurrence of dental caries (DMFT ≥1) according to clinical examination by a trained and calibrated dentist. For the exposure variable (obesity), body fat percentage was measured using air displacement plethysmography and classified as normal weight (P95). Sociodemographic and behavior variables were collected using a questionnaire. We performed multivariable Poisson regression analyses with robust variance to examine the association between dental caries and obesity.

Results

DMFT ranged from 0 to 19; mean (SD) was 2 (2.3), and median (P25–P75) was 1 (0–3). Body fat percentage ranged from 0.9 to 57.6%; mean (SD) percentage was 24.4% (11.6%), and median (P25–P75) was 25.1% (14.0–32.9%). The prevalence of dental caries was 66.5% (95% CI 63.6–69.5%), being significantly higher in female adolescents with lower maternal education, lower education, and sugar intake more than once a day. There were no differences in the probability of dental caries among individuals with normal weight, overweight, or obesity in the unadjusted model (P = 0.846) or after adjustment for sociodemographic (P = 0.864) variables.

Conclusions

Overweight and obesity were not associated with the occurrence of dental caries in 18‐year‐old adolescents.
COL1A1 C‐propeptide cleavage site mutation causes high bone mass, bone fragility and jaw lesions: a new cause of gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia?
Authors: McInerney‐Leo A. M. , Duncan E. L. , Leo P. J. , Gardiner B. , Bradbury L. A. , Harris J. E. , Clark G. R. , Brown M. A. , Zankl A.
Published: May 2014

Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by bone fragility, irregular bone mineral density (BMD) and fibro‐osseous lesions in the skull and jaw. Mutations in Anoctamin‐5 (ANO5) have been identified in some cases. We aimed to identify the causative mutation in a family with features of GDD but no mutation in ANO5, using whole exome capture and massive parallel sequencing (WES). WES of two affected individuals (a mother and son) and the mother's unaffected parents identified a mutation in the C‐propeptide cleavage site of COL1A1. Similar mutations have been reported in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and paradoxically increased BMD. C‐propeptide cleavage site mutations in COL1A1 may not only cause ‘high bone mass OI’, but also the clinical features of GDD, specifically irregular sclerotic BMD and fibro‐osseous lesions in the skull and jaw. GDD patients negative for ANO5 mutations should be assessed for mutations in type I collagen C‐propeptide cleavage sites.
A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Evaluating Implant Placement in the Maxillary Jaws of Medically Compromised Patients
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Ioannou Andreas L. , Hinrichs James E. , Romanos Georgios E.
Published: May 2014

Background

Even though the efficacy of implant treatment and the excellent success rates that modern implant surfaces yield remain unchallenged, there is limited information available on implant success rates in medically compromised patients.

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the survival of implants placed in the maxillary jaws of medically compromised patients.

Materials and Methods

Two reviewers using predefined selection criteria performed an electronic search complemented by a manual search, independently and in duplicate.

Results

After the final selection, 11 studies reporting on four distinct medical conditions were included out of 405 potentially eligible titles. In detail, three studies reported on implants placed in diabetic patients, six on implants placed in patients with a history of oral cancer, one on implants in patients with a history of epilepsy, and one on implants in patients with autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusions

Placement of maxillary implants in medically compromised patients seems to yield acceptable survival rates. Implant survival in well‐controlled diabetic patients, patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and patients treated for severe epilepsy is comparable to that in healthy patients. Implants placed in the maxillae of patients treated for oral cancer may attain osseointegration less predictably than in the mandible.
Making Tenofovir Accessible In The Brazilian Public Health System: Patent Conflicts And Generic Production
Authors: Veras Juliana
Published: May 2014

In May 2011, the Brazilian Ministry of Health announced the distribution of the first batch of locally produced generic tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to support its program of universal and free access for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The inclusion of TDF in the public health program illustrates what has been considered the ‘Brazilian model’ of HIV/AIDS response, as it illustrates the current phase of the Brazilian pharmaceutical economy. Brazil is known for having managed to control the expansion of HIV/AIDS through a unique initiative combining the public health and the industrial production of generics. But, if at first local manufacturers could freely copy ARVs and produce cheaper generic versions that were delivered to the Ministry of Health, since the country started to grant patents on drugs in 1996, the sustainability of this policy has been challenged by the high cost of patented second‐line HIV/AIDS treatments. In order to assure continuity of the local production of ARVs, and keep the program of public health alive, Brazilians are now forced to deal with conflicts of drugs' intellectual property rights in order to open the path to generic production. This article aims to describe the experiences surrounding TDF in Brazil and the unprecedented conflicts and challenges it has brought for our different interviewees. Blurring the frontier between the public and the private, the TDF case was driven at the same time by an ethic of drug access and regulation of drug quality, which has inspired Brazilians to intervene and transform the world they live in.
First record of an apparently rare fig wasp feeding strategy: obligate seed predation
Authors: WANG RONG , MATTHEWS ASHLEY , RATCLIFFE JOANNE , BARWELL LOUISE J. , PENG YAN‐QIONG , CHOU LIEN‐SIANG , YU HUI , YANG HUI‐WEN , COMPTON STEPHEN G.
Published: May 2014

1. Fig trees require host‐specific agaonid fig wasps for pollination, but their figs also support numerous non‐pollinating fig wasps (NPFW) that gall fig tissues or develop as parasitoids.

2. Ficus microcarpa L. is widely naturalised outside its native range and the most invasive fig tree species. Seed predators are widely used for the biological control of invasive plants, but no obligate seed predatory (as opposed to ovule or fig wall galling) NPFW have been recorded previously from any fig trees.

3. Philotrypesis NPFW are usually regarded as parasitoids or ‘inquilines’ (parasitoids that also eat plant material) of pollinator fig wasps, but the present study provides evidence that Philotrypesis taiwanensis, a NPFW associated with F. microcarpa, is an obligate seed predator: (i) adults emerge from seeds of typical appearance, with a surrounding elaiosome; (ii) it shows no preference for figs occupied by fig wasp species, other than the pollinator; (iii) it only develops in figs that contain pollinated ovules, avoiding figs occupied by an agaonid that fails to pollinate; (iv) larvae are distributed in layers where seeds are concentrated and (v) it has a negative impact on seed but not pollinator offspring numbers.

4. Philotrypesis is a large genus, and further species are likely to be seed predators.
Pregnancy in beta‐thalassemia intermedia: 20‐year experience of a Greek thalassemia center
Authors: Voskaridou Ersi , Balassopoulou Angeliki , Boutou Effrossyni , Komninaka Veroniki , Christoulas Dimitrios , Dimopoulou Maria , Delaki Evangelia‐Eleni , Loukopoulos Dimitris , Terpos Evangelos
Published: May 2014

Objective

Progress in the management of patients with thalassemia intermedia (TI) enabled increasing rates of pregnancies among TI women worldwide. Nevertheless, information regarding TI pregnancy management and outcome is quite limited in the literature. The aim of this study was to report our experience regarding the maternal and fetal outcome of TI patients, as well as to depict the complexity of the disease and the need for multidisciplinary and personalized management as shown by the description of two interesting pregnancy cases.

Methods

We analyzed our data recorded from 60 pregnancies in 34 women over a 20‐yr period.

Results

Forty‐nine patients achieved full‐term pregnancies (mean maternal age ± SD: 27.4 ± 6.5 yr) within 37 ± 3 gestation weeks. Their mean hemoglobin value was 8.33 ± 1.22 g/dL; 26.5% of patients were not transfused at all or they had been transfused only once during gestation. There were 11 abortions (18.3%). The spontaneous abortions (5/11) were related to high HbF levels. Six patients had more than two normal deliveries. Nineteen newborns (38.8%), which weighed 2–3 kg, required hospitalization to an intensive neonatal care unit for 1–3 wk. One patient presented with life‐threatening complications (hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and enlargement of spleen) and another with spastic paraparesis due to extramedullary paravertebral masses.

Conclusions

Although several complications can occur during a pregnancy in TI women, the careful and frequent monitoring by both hamatologists and obstetricians can lead to successful deliveries.