bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizajes ausentes en la Competencia Digital de preadolescentes: un estudio de casos pertenecientes a contextos socioculturales desfavorables
Authors: Pernas Morado Eulogio , Fraga Varela Fernando , Vila Couñago Esther
Published: December 2019

El artículo presenta un análisis de la Competencia Digital de dos preadolescentes pertenecientes a contextos socioculturales desfavorables en el último curso de Educación Primaria. Sobre la base de una metodología de estudio de caso, con múltiples técnicas e informantes, se investiga el proceso de apropiación de la Competencia Digital y el papel de los agentes educativos en el desarrollo de la misma, tomando como referencia su PLN –Personal Network Learning. Los resultados muestran dos contextos muy distintos: uno con numerosos dispositivos digitales que permiten el acceso a innumerables recursos y otro con disponibilidad limitada de estos artefactos. Sin embargo, ambos casos convergen en que varias dimensiones de la Competencia Digital analizadas están escasamente desarrolladas, con la influencia de los agentes educativos, especialmente los que están presentes en el hogar. Encontramos razones clave en una escuela que muestra muchas dificultades y obstáculos para compensar su desarrollo como ciudadanos del siglo XXI.

The article presents a Digital Competence analysis of two pre-teens belonging to unfavourable socio-cultural contexts in the last course of Primary Education. Based on a case study methodology, with multiple techniques and informants, the process of appropriation of Digital Competence and the role of the educational agents in its development is inquired, taking as reference their PLN –Personal Network Learning. The results show two very distinct contexts: one with numerous digital devices that allow access to myriad resources and another with limited availability of these artifacts. However, both cases converge in that several dimensions of the Digital Competence analyzed are poorly developed, with the influence of educational agents, especially those that are present at home. We found key reason because the school have many difficulties and obstacles to compensate their development as citizens of the 21st century.
Medications for Obesity
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: December 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes the different types of medications available for treatment of obesity and who should consider taking them.
Trends in School Mental Health and Substance Use Education
Authors: Gao Chloe , Szlosek Donald , Zhong Anthony , Hadland Scott E. , Benes Sarah S.
Published: December 2024

This study examines trends in school programming related to mental health and substance use and teacher professional development across US middle and high schools from 2008 to 2020.
Fovea-Involved Outer Retinal Abnormality Induced by a Novel RET Inhibitor
Authors: Yuan Langxuan , Gao Shan , Tan Shimin , Kang Qianyan , Lei Jianqin
Published: December 2024

This case report describes an outer retinal abnormality associated with taking a RET inhibitor during a clinical trial in a 52-year-old patient with right lung adenocarcinoma and a RET gene fusion.
Multiconductor Transmission Line Theory
Authors: Brandão Faria José A.
Published: December 2024

This chapter is devoted to the theory of multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs), a type of structure that can be found in very many applications of interest to radiofrequency (RF) and microwave engineering. Our aim is to provide the reader with a systematic self‐contained presentation of the subject. We start by establishing the time‐domain equations of multiconductor transmission‐line systems and then progress step by step to the final objective of determining the solution to those equations, in the frequency domain, for general nonuniform structures. Matrix techniques are made intense use in order to permit a compact analysis of the problem. Solutions are presented in two different useful formats; at first, we consider a solution in the form of a superposition of natural modes of propagation, later, a relationship between voltages and currents at the input and output ends of the MTL is established via the transmission matrix formalism.
Using TECHnology to predict the future of biomedical education
Authors: Harris Robert A. , Kazdağlı Hasan
Published: December 2024

Biomedical research is currently benefiting from a technological revolution in which multiple forms of omics are permitting unprecedented characterization of molecular pathways. Likewise, medical device and Ai‐assisted technologies now make diagnoses and medical imaging more accurate. The field of education is also starting to embrace how technology can promote pedagogical development and student learning. But how will this landscape look like in 2050? With the premise that collaboration will be central to teaching and learning practices, that Together, Everything Can Happen (TECH), we examine the emerging trends and innovations in biomedical education, exploring how they will influence the field's evolution and shape future teaching practices in the coming years.
Exploring habitat‐density relationships and model transferability for an alpine bird using abundance models
Authors: Fjeld Håkon Brandt , Østnes Jan Eivind , Nilsen Erlend B.
Published: December 2024

Because resources for monitoring and conservation are often limited, a primary objective in applied ecological research is to predict key state variables in one context (the prediction context) using models fitted to data collected in another context (the estimation context). Model transferability is concerned with how well models predict across ecological contexts in time and space.

While several previous studies have evaluated the transferability of species distribution models, much less is known about how well models that predict spatially explicit population density transfer across contexts. Although abundance and distribution are theoretically interconnected, environmental stochasticity, species interactions, functional responses in habitat selection and human management intervention might reduce the transferability of abundance models more than they affect transferability of distribution models.

We examined how well models for predicting willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) densities based on habitat covariates transferred across time and space in central Norway. Utilizing line transect survey data from 11 study areas, we fitted Hierarchical Distance Sampling Models to estimate spatially explicit willow ptarmigan density, based on the underlying habitat in the focal area, and evaluated how well this model transferred to other years and areas.

Considerable variations in the estimated habitat‐density relationships were observed across different temporal and spatial contexts. In general, model transferability was relatively low (mean r = 0.10) with some contexts showing negative correlations. Models with coarse scale covariates transferred somewhat better between different areas, and transferability was higher within areas between years than across different areas. Generally, model transferability was higher among geographically proximate areas.

Practical implication. This study highlights the advantages of using local data and the challenges of predicting population density in novel areas for species with substantial inter‐annual population fluctuations based solely on habitat associations. In a management context, it is advisable to use current and local data to gain accurate insight into species abundance patterns. This is crucial for obtain reliable assessments of conservation efforts, and the sustainability of harvest regimes. If practical constraints make local data unavailable, it is recommended to use data from nearby areas and consider the scale of key variables.
Technology and Adult Learning
Authors: Conceição Simone C. O. , Biniecki Susan Yelich
Published: December 2024

This article explores the evolving role of technology in nonformal and informal adult learning settings, guided by the theory of connectivism. It examines how digital platforms, artificial intelligence (AI), and other technological advancements enhance the accessibility, personalization, and efficiency of adult learning. The various educational technologies' benefits, limitations, and strategic applications are discussed, focusing on how they cater to the diverse needs of adult learners. The implications of these technologies on the future of adult learning, mainly through the lens of AI, are analyzed to predict emerging trends and potential challenges in adult education.
High‐Temperature Hardness Anomaly in Ti–Ni–Fe‐Based Multiphase Intermetallic
Authors: Panda Subha S. , Sahni Sandeep , Mangam Subhakar , Jayabalan Bhagyaraj , Mukherjee Subrata , Jain Jayant , Singh Sudhanshu S.
Published: December 2024

The room temperature (RT) and high‐temperature (373–573 K) hardness of individual phases of Ti45Ni50Fe5 multiphase intermetallic are evaluated using nanoindentation. The B2 matrix exhibits anomalous behavior whose hardness decreases from RT to 373 K followed by an increase up to 573 K. In contrast, the hardness of the DO24 phase continuously reduces up to 473 K. Molecular dynamics simulation of single crystal compression of B2 matrix shows the presence of screw partial dislocations at all temperatures whose density increases up to 473 K followed by a decrease at 573 K. It is anticipated that individual screw super partial cross‐slips from {110} to {211} plane at the higher temperature, with their core becoming nonplanar. The nonplanar core of these screw partials acts as a dragging point for the motion of dislocation leading to hardness anomaly vis‐à‐vis yield strength anomaly. The DO24 phase does not exhibit any anomalous behavior in hardness in the studied temperature range due to the presence of super partial dislocations bounded by super intrinsic stacking faults instead of antiphase boundaries.
Conjugation Chemistry Markedly Impacts Toxicity and Biodistribution of Targeted Nanoparticles, Mediated by Complement Activation
Authors: Zaleski Michael H. , Chase Liam S. , Hood Elizabeth D. , Wang Zhicheng , Nong Jia , Espy Carolann L. , Zamora Marco E. , Wu Jichuan , Morrell Lianne J. , Muzykantov Vladimir R. , Myerson Jacob W. , Brenner Jacob S.
Published: December 2024

Conjugation chemistries are a major enabling technology for the development of drug delivery systems, from antibody‐drug conjugates to antibody‐targeted lipid nanoparticles inspired by the success of the COVID‐19 vaccine. However, here it is shown that for antibody‐targeted nanoparticles, the most popular conjugation chemistries directly participate in the activation of the complement cascade of plasma proteins. Their activation of complement leads to large changes in the biodistribution of nanoparticles (up to 140‐fold increased uptake into phagocytes of the lungs) and multiple toxicities, including a 50% drop in platelet count. It is founded that the mechanism of complement activation varies dramatically between different conjugation chemistries. Dibenzocyclooctyne, a commonly used click‐chemistry, caused aggregation of conjugated antibodies, but only on the surface of nanoparticles (not in bulk solution). By contrast, thiol‐maleimide chemistry do not activate complement via its effects on antibodies, but rather because free maleimide bonded to albumin in plasma, and clustered albumin is then attacked by complement. Using these mechanistic insights, solutions are engineered that reduced the activation of complement for each class of conjugation chemistry. These results highlight that while conjugation chemistry is essential for the future of nanomedicine, it is not innocuous and must be designed with opsonins like complement in mind.
The Lyn/RUVBL1 Complex Promotes Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis by Regulating Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Through Chromatin Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Gao Yina , Qian Yuanyuan , Wei Bowen , Jiang Kexin , Sun Zhiwei , Zhang Feifan , Yang Mingming , Baldi Salem , Yu Xiaoqi , Zuo Yunfei , Ren Shuangyi
Published: December 2024

Liver metastasis is a common cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but epigenetic remodeling and metabolic reprogramming for CRC liver metastasis remain unclear. The study revealed that the Lyn/RUVBL1 complex is highly expressed in CRC and is closely correlated with liver metastasis. On the one hand, ATAC‐seq and HiCut suggested that Lyn/RUVBL1 regulates the expression of TRIB3 through the POL II‐mediated chromatin conformation of TRIB3 and thus the expression of β‐catenin. This promotes the proliferation and migration of CRC through β‐catenin‐mediated upregulation of MMP9 and VEGF. On the other hand, metabolomics revealed that Lyn/RUVBL1 regulates the expression of PGE2 through the enzyme COX2, thereby promoting arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. CUT‐Tag showed that Lyn/RUVBL1 silencing reduces the H3K27ac level in the COX2 promoter. Then, it is found that COX2 is regulated by the transcription factor FOXA1. Lyn/RUVBL1 modulates AA metabolism by regulating the chromatin accessibility of FOXA1. AA metabolism promotes the metastasis of CRC by affecting β‐catenin nuclear translocation and upregulating MMP9 and VEGF. These findings suggest that the Lyn/RUVBL1 complex mediates epigenetic remodeling to regulate the metabolic reprogramming of AA, highlighting its role in promoting the metastasis of CRC.
Optical Visualization of Stretchable Serpentine Interconnects using Chiral Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Han Sang Hyun , Shin Jun Hyuk , Yang Hak Jun , Nam Seungmin , Park Ji Yoon , Choi Su Seok
Published: December 2024

The shapes and structures of stretchable interconnects are pivotal in determining their functionality, allowing them to withstand bending, stretching, and twisting while maintaining their operational integrity. However, all stretchable interconnects are subjected to dynamically changing, non‐uniform strains during mechanical deformation. Therefore, achieving an accurate understanding of stretchable interconnect properties, including tracking and analyzing these dynamic, non‐uniform strains in real‐time, remains a challenging endeavor. Herein, a method for analyzing the strain behavior of stretchable interconnects using a chiral liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE), which exhibits immediate structural color changes of nano periodic molecular arrangement in response to dynamic stretching deformations, is presented. Beyond the uniform color change of simple CLCE, by further engineering the modulus and shape geometry of the serpentine CLCE, an intuitive strain capturing visualization of dynamically changing serpentine structures is performed. Moreover, by expanding the serpentine CLCE into a 2 × 2 array, the real‐time strain distribution of the stretchable interconnects under various multi‐stretching properties (uniaxial and biaxial) is investigated. This optical visualization provides an accurate and precise understanding of the structure of stretchable interconnects under dynamic stretching conditions and is a promising breakthrough to enable enhanced design and optimization of stretchable serpentine structures for broadband stretchable applications.
Targeting Fibrosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Advanced Therapies
Authors: Di Xingpeng , Li Ya , Wei Jingwen , Li Tianyue , Liao Banghua
Published: December 2024

As the final stage of disease‐related tissue injury and repair, fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix. Unrestricted accumulation of stromal cells and matrix during fibrosis impairs the structure and function of organs, ultimately leading to organ failure. The major etiology of fibrosis is an injury caused by genetic heterogeneity, trauma, virus infection, alcohol, mechanical stimuli, and drug. Persistent abnormal activation of “quiescent” fibroblasts that interact with or do not interact with the immune system via complicated signaling cascades, in which parenchymal cells are also triggered, is identified as the main mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis. Although the mechanisms of fibrosis are still largely unknown, multiple therapeutic strategies targeting identified molecular mechanisms have greatly attenuated fibrotic lesions in clinical trials. In this review, the organ‐specific molecular mechanisms of fibrosis is systematically summarized, including cardiac fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Some important signaling pathways associated with fibrosis are also introduced. Finally, the current antifibrotic strategies based on therapeutic targets and clinical trials are discussed. A comprehensive interpretation of the current mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting fibrosis will provide the fundamental theoretical basis not only for fibrosis but also for the development of antifibrotic therapies.
Mass‐Guided Single‐Cell MALDI Imaging of Low‐Mass Metabolites Reveals Cellular Activation Markers
Authors: Cairns James L. , Huber Johanna , Lewen Andrea , Jung Jessica , Maurer Stefan J. , Bausbacher Tobias , Schmidt Stefan , Levkin Pavel A. , Sevin Daniel , Göpfrich Kerstin , Koch Philipp , Kann Oliver , Hopf Carsten
Published: December 2024

Single‐cell MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of lipids and metabolites >200 Da has recently come to the forefront of biomedical research and chemical biology. However, cell‐targeting and metabolome‐preserving methods for analysis of low mass, hydrophilic metabolites (<200 Da) in large cell populations are lacking. Here, the PRISM‐MS (PRescan Imaging for Small Molecule – Mass Spectrometry) mass‐guided MSI workflow is presented, which enables space‐efficient single cell lipid and metabolite analysis. In conjunction with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as MSI ground truth for cell‐sized objects and Monte Carlo reference‐based consensus clustering for data‐dependent identification of cell subpopulations, PRISM‐MS enables MSI and on‐cell MS2‐based identification of low‐mass metabolites like amino acids or Krebs cycle intermediates involved in stimulus‐dependent cell activation. The utility of PRISM‐MS is demonstrated through the characterization of complex metabolome changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated microglial cells and human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived microglia. Translation of single cell results to endogenous microglia in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures indicates that LPS‐activation involves changes of the itaconate‐to‐taurine ratio and alterations in neuron‐to‐glia glutamine‐glutamate shuttling. The data suggests that PRISM‐MS can serve as a standard method in single cell metabolomics, given its capability to characterize larger cell populations and low‐mass metabolites.
Stretchable Full‐Color Phosphorescent PVA‐Based Ionogels for Multimodal Sensing‐Visual Integration Applications
Authors: Wei Xuefeng , Gou Zexi , Ye Jianting , Shi L. H. , Zhao Jianwei , Yang Lei , Zhang Linbo , Zhang Kun , Jia Ruonan
Published: December 2024

Exploring ionogels with superior conductivity, mechanical properties, and long‐lasting room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) offers considerable potential for new‐generation optoelectronics. However, reports on ionogels remain limited owing to the contradiction between the flexibility required for stretching and the rigidity necessary for RTP and load‐bearing within the same ionogels. Here, a facile strategy is reported to enhance the toughness and extend the RTP of ionogels by salting‐out‐induced microphase separation, which results in the formation of an IL‐rich phase (soft) for stretching and ionic conduction and a polymer‐rich phase (stiff) for energy dissipation and clustering‐triggered phosphorescence. The obtained ionogels exhibit high stretchability (≈400% strain), toughness (≈∼20 MJ m−3), ionic conductivity (8.4 mS cm−1), and ultralong afterglow lifetime (112.4 ms). This strategy is applicable to chromophores with color‐tunable phosphorescence. By leveraging observable full‐color RTP and real‐time electrical signals in response to diverse stimuli (i.e., stretching and pressing), an intelligent grasping strategy is developed for robust hand pose reconstruction. In addition, a tactile‐visual fusion recognition keyboard is created with dual functionality of information encryption and signal transmission. The ease of fabrication, wide tunability, and multifunctionality will help expand the scope of ionogels for smart devices.
Evaluating the Spatial Distribution Networks and Efficiency of Postharvest Supply Chains for the Sustainability of Vegetable Enterprise in the Valley of Kashmir, India
Authors: Akhter Saima , Bhat Mohammad Shafi , Bhat Showkat A. , Mir Sumira
Published: December 2024

Vegetable enterprise in the valley of Kashmir holds tremendous significance as it ensures the nutritional requirements of the population, enhances the profitability of the farming sector, and has enormous employability potential in this predominantly agrarian economy. The present study explores the logistics of vegetable enterprises, primarily focusing on the spatial spread of market centers, their functioning, role, and efficiency of supply chains, postharvest losses, and constraints. The study used Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Location Quotient, and Rao's Sphere of Influence method to demarcate the Trade Area. It was found that there is a random distribution of vegetable markets with the Rn value of 1.12 across the region, with the largest trade area (27 sq km) in the second‐order market center at Srinagar. From the Boxall postharvest loss method, it was found that between 20% and 25% of the vegetables are lost along the entire supply chain on account of inadequate infrastructure and a lack of technology and awareness. The efficiency analysis reveals that shorter supply chains exhibit higher efficiency as compared to extended supply chains. However, despite lesser efficiency, these extended supply chains comprised of producers, preharvest contractors, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers are more prevalent (51%) on account of small farm size, low income, and quantity of produce, which is validated from the results of Chi‐square and Analysis of Variance tests at the (p < 0.05) level of significance. From the constraint analysis, it was revealed that numerous intermediaries, small farm sizes, inadequate counseling and training, an improper support system, and a lack of market information are the main obstacles in this enterprise. Policy interventions for the upgradation of infrastructure, strengthening farmer's cooperative societies, easy access to finance, training, and awareness are needed for streamlining operations, reducing wastage, and improving efficiency and productivity to ensure the long‐term sustainability of this enterprise.
Recent Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhang Cai
Published: December 2024

In this review, we have presented an overview on the copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization reactions over the period from 2020 to the present. In general, both Cu(II) and Cu(I) can be used as starting catalysts, but the reaction mechanisms were different. For example, from the perspective of reaction mechanism, as a starting catalyst, Cu(II) was often directly combined with oxidants to participate in the catalytic oxidation of intermediates or substrates. When Cu(I) served as the starting catalyst, it directly promoted the cleavage of N−O bonds or coordinated with alkyne bonds, while oxidants were used for the subsequent oxidation of intermediates. The experimental results showed that most of the copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization strategies have achieved satisfactory results.
Synthesis and Properties of Covalently Linked Terpyridine‐BODIPY and Terpyridine‐3‐Pyrrolyl BODIPY Conjugates
Authors: Charan Behera Kanhu , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: December 2024

A series of covalently linked terpyridine‐BODIPY and terpyridine‐3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY conjugates were synthesized by strategically tuning the position of the terpyridine moiety at the α and/or meso positions of the BODIPY (3–4) and 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY cores (5–7). These compounds were synthesized over a sequence of synthetic steps and their identities were confirmed by HR‐MS, 1D, 2D NMR, and X‐ray crystallography of one of the conjugates and studied by various spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical techniques. The presence of terpyridine moieties on BODIPY and 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY cores significantly alters their electronic properties and these conjugates absorb strongly in the 505–640 nm region. Furthermore, the α‐terpyridinyl 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY conjugate was used as a ligand to form heteroleptic ruthenium(II/III) complexes. The Ru(II)/Ru(III) complexes exhibit weak fluorescence with significantly reduced quantum yield and single‐state lifetime due to the presence of a heavy Ru(II)/Ru(III) ion, which enhances spin‐orbit coupling and increases the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC), leading to non‐radiative relaxation. DFT and TD‐DFT studies corroborated our experimental findings, providing deeper insights into the structural, photophysical, and electronic properties of these conjugates.
Where and How: Stone Tool Sites of the Endangered Sapajus flavius in a Caatinga Environment in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rufino Maria Gabriella , da Silva José Jucimário , Souza‐Alves João Pedro
Published: December 2024

The blonde capuchin monkey (Sapajus flavius) was, until a few years ago, an endemic primate of the Atlantic Forest. Today, populations inhabit the Caatinga dry forest and these have been documented using stone tools to access encased foods. It is important to know the distribution of these sites and the characteristics of the stone tools to inform conservation actions for this primate in the Caatinga. To this end, we identified and characterized stone tool sites used by a group of blonde capuchin monkeys in the Caatinga dry forest of northeastern Brazil. For 8 months, we walked two pre‐existing trails to georeference the stone tool use sites, to measure the dimensions and weight of the anvils and hammerstones, and to identify the food items processed at the sites. A total of 215 anvils and 247 hammerstones were mapped. The anvils were significantly longer than the hammerstones, while there was no difference in width. Most food remains found on the anvils were old (n = 101; 91%). Cnidoscolus quercifolius (n = 85; 77.3%) and Prunus dulcis (n = 25; 22.7%) were most common among the plant species found on the anvils. The width, thickness, and weight of hammerstones used to crack fruits of P. dulcis were significantly greater than those used to crack C. quercifolius. These results should be used as a baseline for the development of conservation actions for the species and habitat.
Atlas of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Cells Across Neurological Diseases
Authors: Heming Michael , Börsch Anna‐Lena , Melnik Simone , Gmahl Noemi , Müller‐Miny Louisa , Dambietz Christine , Fisch Lukas , Kühnel Timm , Brix Tobias J. , Janssen Alice , Schumann Eva , Gross Catharina C. , Varghese Julian , Hahn Tim , Wiendl Heinz , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd
Published: December 2024

Objective

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides unique insights into the brain and neurological diseases. However, the potential of CSF flow cytometry applied on a large scale remains unknown.

Methods

We used data‐driven approaches to analyze paired CSF and blood flow cytometry measurements from 8,790 patients (discovery cohort) and CSF only data from 3,201 patients (validation cohort) collected across neurological diseases in a real‐world setting.

Results

In somatoform controls (n = 788), activation of T cells increased with age in both CSF and blood, whereas double negative blood T cells (CD3+CD4−CD8−) decreased with age. A machine learning model of CSF and blood immune cells defined immune age, which correlated strongly with true biological age (r = 0.71). Classifying all diseases solely based on the CSF/blood parameters in 8,790 patients resulted in clusters of 4 disease categories: healthy, autoimmune, meningoencephalitis, and neurodegenerative. This clustering was validated in an analytically independent test dataset (8,790 patients) and in a temporally independent cohort (3,201 patients). Patients with multiple sclerosis were more likely to have progressive disease when assigned to the neurodegeneration cluster and to have lower disability in the autoimmune cluster. Patients with dementia in the neurodegeneration cluster showed more severe disease progression. Flow cytometry helped differentiate dementia from controls, thereby enhancing the diagnostic power of routine CSF diagnostics.

Interpretation

Flow cytometry of CSF and blood thus identifies site‐specific aging patterns and disease‐overarching patterns of neurodegeneration. ANN NEUROL 2024
Spiro‐Fused vs 575‐Ringed Boron‐Doped Polycyclic π‐Systems: Selective Synthesis, Reactivity and Properties
Authors: Liu Yujia , Tian Xinyu , Li Zeyi , Zhang Tianyu , Yuan Liuzhong , Wang Yue , Dou Chuandong
Published: December 2024

Incorporation of heteroatoms and/or non‐hexagonal rings into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can alter their intrinsic structures and physical properties. However, it is challenging to construct PAHs featuring boron/carbon composition and non‐hexagonal combination. Herein, we disclose the selective synthesis of spiro‐type and pentagon/heptagon‐containing boron‐doped polycyclic π‐systems by the Scholl reaction. Two spiro‐fused organoboranes 1 and 2 and one 575‐ringed boron‐doped nanographene 3 were synthesized. The key point is that the boron‐edged π‐system enabled unexpected spiro‐formation via dearomatization, whereas the boron‐centered π‐system enabled desired 575‐ringed π‐extension via cyclodehydrogenation. The thus‐obtained molecules exhibit the intriguing but fully distinct reactivity, electronic structures and properties, for instance, while 2 may react with Brønsted acid to display reversible chemochromism and further convert into 1, 3 possesses very broad absorption, short excited‐state lifetime and no fluorescence nature. As disclosed, the boron atom together with the spirocycle region or 575‐ringed structural motif significantly contribute to their characteristic properties. Thus, this study sheds light on control over the Scholl reaction using organoborane π‐systems and will promote the exploration of more sophisticated polycyclic π‐systems as organic reactive and optical scaffolds.
3,6‐Bis(methylthio)‐9H‐carbazole Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ameen Shahid , Lee Dongmin , Faheem Abdullah Bin , Son Jung Geon , Lee Youngwan , Yoo Hyunjoon , Park Sujung , Shin Yun Seop , Lee Jaehwi , Seo Jongdeuk , Jang Hyungsu , Roe Jina , Song Ji Won , Cho Shinuk , Park Yongsup , Lee Kyung‐Koo , Kim Jin Young , Kim Dong Suk , Kim BongSoo
Published: December 2024

The photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) relies on effectively managing the interface between the hole extraction layer and the light‐absorbing perovskite layer. In this study, we have synthesised (4‐(3,6‐bis(methylthio)‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (MeS‐4PACz), which forms a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on the fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. The molecule‘s methylthio substituents generate a favourable interfacial dipole moment and interact with the perovskite layer. This interaction results in well‐aligned energy levels among the FTO/SAM/perovskite layers, promoting efficient hole extraction and significantly reducing carrier recombination losses. Additionally, the methylthio groups passivate iodide vacancies and interact with Pb2+ ions of the perovskite, reducing defect‐induced trap states and enhancing the crystalline growth of the perovskite layer. Consequently, inverted PSCs incorporating MeS‐4PACz achieve a power conversion efficiency of 25.13 %, along with outstanding photostability.
Iridium(III) and Rhodium(III) Complexes With Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐Based Cyclometalating Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, and Catalytic Activities Toward the [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Tertiary Anilines and Maleimides
Authors: Yang Xiaohan , Wang Biqin , Li Yahong
Published: December 2024

Eighteen cationic iridium(III) (PC1–PC9) and rhodium(III) (PC10–PC18) complexes with a general formula [M(ppy)2(N^N)]+ (ppy = 2‐phenylpyridine; N^N = imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐based ancillary ligands bearing different halogen atoms) were synthesized and characterized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties and catalytic activities of these complexes were investigated, and their properties were supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The aims of this work were to study the influences of changes in the metal centers, the replacement of the pyridine ring by the pyrazine ring, the extension of the conjugation systems, and the attachment of different halogen atoms at the backbone of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine on the photophysical, electrochemical, and catalytic properties of PC1–PC18. It is found that the variation in the metal centers affected these properties the most. The experimental and calculated results revealed that the photophysical and electrochemical behaviors of iridium(III) complexes and rhodium(III) compounds are different. Upon photoexcitation, the iridium(III) complexes exhibited intense and long‐lived (6.96–13.03 μs) green to orange–red luminescence in acetonitrile at 298 K, and the emissions originated from 3ILCT transitions. The rhodium(III) complexes showed blue to green emissions with shorter excited‐state lifetimes (2.87–4.94 μs) than those of the iridium(III) complexes in acetonitrile. The emissions of the rhodium(III) complexes were attributed to 3MLCT or mixed 3MLCT/3ILCT/3LLCT transitions. All the complexes are catalytically active for the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of tertiary anilines with maleimides, producing a series of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives.
Assessing the Reaction Kinetics and Solid Viscoelastic Behavior of Limonene Dioxide Epoxy Resin
Authors: Xavier Maurício Carpe Diem Ferreira , da Silva Fonseca Cristiane , Romanzini Daiane , Amico Sandro Campos , Petzhold Cesar Liberato , Bianchi Otávio
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between limonene dioxide's (LDO) curing degree and glass transition temperature with methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) and triethylamine. Using isothermal and non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses, the curing behavior and degree of conversion were mapped on a time–temperature‐transformation (TTT) diagram. At 50°C, the isothermal curing required approximately 1000 min to reach a significant conversion level, indicating a slow reaction rate for LDO. The curing process likely progresses in multiple stages. The initial stage, within 50°C–100°C, is a first‐order reaction with an activation energy of 63.3 kJ/mol. Subsequent stages involve reactions associated with the reactivity of cis‐LDO and trans‐LDO isomers, acting as parallel autocatalytic reactions with activation energies around 60 kJ/mol, increasing to 80 kJ/mol due to diffusion limitations. Viscosity and dynamic‐mechanical analyses were used to assess the viscoelastic properties of the cured polymer. The isomer mixture formed a resin with low crosslink density and thermoplastic behavior, limiting high‐temperature applications but aiding recyclability. This aligns with previous findings, noting the resin's low reactivity in its oxirane ring to nucleophilic opening.
Assessing Manufacturing‐Performance Correlation On LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 Electrodes For Application In Upscaled Li‐Ion Battery Cells
Authors: Minnetti Luca , Maddar Faduma M. , Haridas Anupriya K. , Capener Matthew , Nobili Francesco , Hasa Ivana
Published: December 2024

Olivine LiMnxFe1−xPO4 (LMFP) cathodes are gaining attention as a promising alternative to LiFePO4 (LFP) for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), offering higher energy density while maintaining lower costs and improved safety compared to traditional layered oxide cathodes. However, their low electronic conductivity remains a challenge. One effective strategy to enhance electrode kinetics is incorporating carbon additives during fabrication. This study examines the role of conductive additive optimization in LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 (LMFP73) electrodes and evaluates the impact of refining the electrode manufacturing to improve performance under practical conditions. Electrodes with 0.5 % single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersion demonstrated improved performance. Optimization of mixing protocol, solid content, and coating speed, significantly enhanced the electrode's microstructure, mechanical integrity, and electrochemical response, producing thick electrodes suitable for industrial use. Upscaling to Graphite|LMFP73 single‐layer pouch (SLP) cells with 200 g m−2 cathode loading resulted in 110 mAh g−1 at C/2, retaining 93 % of the initial capacity after 100 cycles. This work provides practical process parameters to reduce the gap between academic and industrial perspectives in electrode performance assessment under realistic conditions, tackling challenges in performance improvement while taking into account high areal loadings, mechanical properties of the coatings, practical electrode balancing, and electrolyte amount in the cell fabrication process.
Melatonin Attenuates PFOS‐Induced Reproductive Toxicity of Pregnant Mice due to Placental Damage Via Antioxidant, Anti‐Aging and Anti‐Inflammatory Pathways
Authors: Han Jianqiu , Lu Zhikai , Qi Yalei , Liu Tengfei , Li Yongmei , Han Honghui , Zhao Chen , Ma Xueyun
Published: December 2024

Background

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), an industrially synthesized persistent organic pollutant (POP), is intricately intertwined with human production and daily life. It has been discovered that PFOS is related to an elevated incidence of birth defects in fetuses. In contrast, melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, has been demonstrated to exert a protective effect on reproductive development.

Methods

This paper investigates the protective effect of MLT against PFOS‐induced reproductive toxicity by simultaneously orally administering MLT to pregnant mice exposed to PFOS. The therapeutic effect was evaluated through the monitoring of pregnancy outcomes, histological changes in the placenta, apoptosis and proliferation of placental spongiotrophoblast, as well as the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, anti‐aging genes, anti‐inflammatory genes and other relevant genes.

Results

The results of the study demonstrated that MLT treatment reversed the adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by toxic PFOS, including a low number of implanted fetuses, low neonatal fetal weight, and an increased number of resorbed fetuses. MLT treatment decreased the levels of MDA, an oxidation product generated by PFOS in the placenta of pregnant mice, and increased the levels of the antioxidant enzyme SOD. Additionally, MLT was able to maintain the normalization of placental structure, reduce apoptosis and sustain the proliferation of placental spongiotrophoblast by upregulating the expression of antioxidant genes (Nrf2, CAT) and anti‐aging gene (Klotho), anti‐inflammatory gene (Hsd11b2), thereby counteracting the oxidative stress caused by PFOS in the placenta, moreover, it also reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (Pycard) in the placenta.

Conclusions

The findings firmly establish the effectiveness of MLT in mitigating the harmful impacts of tainted PFOS on reproductive development during pregnancy. This provides a novel therapeutic approach for addressing PFOS‐induced birth defects in fetuses.
Observed Prevalence of Congenital Situs Inversus in the United States Before and During the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic, 2017–2022
Authors: Cragan Janet D. , Cho Sook‐Ja , Forestieri Nina , Hort Michele , Nestoridi Eirini , Moore Cynthia A. , Stallings Erin , Gray Elizabeth B. , Reefhuis Jennita
Published: December 2024

Background

Reports from China describe an increase in the frequency of fetal situs inversus in 2023 after the country's “zero‐Covid” policy was lifted, suggesting an association with maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, a report of birth defects surveillance data from Scandinavia observed no sustained increase during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic (2020–2022 vs. 2018–2019). We examined birth defects surveillance data to assess any increase in situs inversus in the U.S. during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.

Methods

We combined data from four population‐based birth defects programs in Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia, to compare the prevalence of situs inversus among infants and fetuses delivered before (2017–2019) and during (2021–2022) the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. We defined situs inversus as mirror‐image transposition of the heart and/or other organs, or primary ciliary dyskinesis with situs inversus, excluding isolated dextrocardia. The programs varied in the pregnancy outcomes included (live births ± non‐live births); all included both prenatal and postnatal diagnoses.

Results

We identified 294 infants and fetuses with situs inversus (6.8% non‐live births). We estimated the combined prevalence per 10,000 live births as 1.72 during the pandemic versus 1.71 before the pandemic (OR = 1.005; 95% CI: 0.778–1.297). The estimated annual prevalence ranged from 1.41 in 2017 to 2.21 in 2019 with no significant trend across the study period (p = 0.39).

Conclusions

We did not observe an increase in situs inversus during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. Because information about SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among individual pregnancies was not available from all programs, we could not assess a specific association with maternal infection.
Combination of UHPLC‐QE‐MS and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of Fufang‐Duzhong‐Jiangu Granules for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Weixiang , Luan Fei , Shi Yajun , Zhang Xiaofei , Guo Dongyan , Sun Jing , Zou Junbo , Yuan Puwei
Published: December 2024

UHPLC‐QE‐MS technology and network pharmacology are used to comprehensively analyze and validate the potential mechanism of Fufang‐Duzhong‐Jiangu granules (FFDZ) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). UHPLC‐QE‐MS technology and content‐weighted construction of databases and screening conditions are used to obtain key component targets. CTD, Gene Cards, and DisGeNET databases are used to define KOA‐related targets. Target pathways are selected through GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis. Additionally, a KOA rat model was established using the type II collagenase injection method. The efficacy of FFDZ on type II collagenase‐induced KOA rats was evaluated through behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological assessments, and the predicted pathways were confirmed through Western blot. These results show that the rats significantly increased in knee joint diameter, decreased weight‐bearing capacity of the right leg, and elevated levels of IL‐6 and IL‐1β in serum, all with a significance level of p < 0.05. Through CT and HE staining, it was shown that KOA rats exhibit distinct pathological structures. These results show that FFDZ exerts its anti‐KOA effects by regulating the RAS pathway. This study found that FFDZ improves KOA in rats by inhibiting the expression of proteins related to the RAS pathway.
Mendelian Randomization Study Investigating the Causal Relationship Between Thyroid Dysfunction and Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Li Letai , Leng Jiajie , Xiong Haibing , Deng Zishan , Ye Meng , Wang Haiyan , Guo Xin , Zeng Shi , Xiong Haofeng , Huo Jianhong
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

There is an association between thyroid dysfunction and cerebral infarction (CI), but the causality cannot be determined. A two‐sample two‐way Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to assess the causal relationship between thyroid function and CI.

METHODS

We selected single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with five phenotypes, including CI from the UK Biobank (n = 361,194), hyperthyroidism from the IEU Open GWAS database (n = 484,598), hypothyroidism from the IEU Open GWAS database (n = 473,703), normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) (n = 271,040), and normal free thyroxine (FT4) (n = 119,120) from the Thyroidomics Consortium database. For the forward MR analysis, the exposures were hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, TSH, and FT4. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WM), and MR‐Egger revealed the causality with CI. For the reverse MR analysis, CI was regarded as the exposure, and four thyroid function phenotypes were the outcomes. The sensitivity and heterogeneity test was assessed using Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger regression, and leave‐one‐out analysis.

RESULTS

The MR analysis indicated that genetic susceptibility to hyperthyroidism increased the risk of CI (IVW‐OR = 1.070; 95% CI: 1.015–1.128; p = 0.003). In reverse MR, genetic susceptibility to RA is not associated with hyperthyroidism (IVW‐OR = 1.001; 95% CI: 1.000–1.001; p = 0.144). Any positive or reverse causal relationship between hypothyroidism, FT4, and TSH with CI could not be established. Sensitivity and heterogeneity test consolidated our findings.

CONCLUSION

The causality between CI and hyperthyroidism demonstrated patients with hyperthyroidism have a risk of genetic variants for CI. In the future, further studies are needed to fully explore their mechanisms of action.
lncRNA TCONS_00251376 promotes the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell through upregulating ETV1
Authors: Ren Dengfeng , Zhao Fuxing , Li Jinming , Guo Xinjian , Ma Xinfu , Zheng Yonghui , Shen Guoshuang , Zhao Jiuda
Published: December 2024

Background

Although there have been significant advancements in the treatment modalities for gastric cancer (GC) in recent years, the overall prognosis remains poor, particularly for individuals in advanced stages. The absence of a sensitive tumor marker in GC is a crucial factor contributing to this challenge.

Methods

Our study focused on investigating a newly discovered long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) known as TCONS_00251376, which has been confirmed to exhibit differential expression in GC compared to adjacent tissues. To further validate these expression differences, we collected 22 pairs of GC and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Subsequent cell function experiments and animal studies were conducted to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA TCONS_00251376 in the development of GC.

Results

The study revealed a significant upregulation of lncRNA TCONS_00251376 in cancer tissues (p < 0.01) and a consistent upregulation in GC cell lines (AGS, MKN45, BGC‐823, and MGC‐803). Furthermore, it was observed that lncRNA TCONS_00251376 played a promotive role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Subsequent analysis indicated that lncRNA TCONS_00251376 could upregulate the expression of ETV1, a factor associated with the prognosis of GC.

Conclusions

Therefore, our findings suggest that lncRNA TCONS_00251376 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA, promoting tumorigenesis and progression by regulating the expression of ETV1 gene. This highlights its potential as an effective target for treating GC.
Volatilomics of Capsicum pubescens Plants Infested by Solenopsis geminata: Unraveling the Role of Oleic and Palmitic Acids in Plant‐Fire Ant Interaction
Authors: Coyotl‐Pérez Wendy Abril , Ángeles‐López Yesenia Ithaí , Luna‐Suárez Silvia , Rosas‐Cárdenas Flor de Fátima , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio
Published: December 2024

Solenopsis geminata is an aggressive pest of manzano pepper (Capsicum pubescens) crops. Herein, we report on the volatilomics profiling of manzano pepper plants obtained during S. geminata infestation by solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. As a result, 68 volatile organic compounds were identified from ants, non‐infested plants, and infested plants, including terpenes, esters, steroids, aldehydes, phenylpropanoids, and fatty acids. As a remarkable finding, oleic and palmitic acids were the main compounds released during ant infestation. These fatty acids were evaluated as biocidal or repellent agents under in vitro and in situ conditions. From these experiments, the biocidal effect of palmitic acid was more potent (median lethal dose [LC50], 0.97 mg/cm2) than that of oleic acid (LC50, 5.03 mg/cm2) on S. geminata workers. Nevertheless, only oleic acid had a repellent effect under in situ conditions (p < 0.01). Our results represent new insights into the role of both fatty acids in manzano pepper defense mechanisms.