bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE KAO DETERMINANTA SPOLJAŠNJE I UNUTRAŠNJE POLITIKE SAUDIJSKE ARABIJE U 21. VIJEKU
Authors: Klaric Aleksandar
Published: April 2021

U radu se razmatra energetska politika Saudijske Arabije koja, kao država koja je bogata naftom, predstavlja jednog od ključnih svjetskih aktera na polju energetike. Međutim, nafta je energent koji doprinosi uništavanju životne okoline i klimatskim promjenama. Svjesne potencijalnih katastrofalnih posljedica od prekomjerne upotrebe nečistih energenata, države i njihovi građani se postepeno okreću ka obnovljivim, zelenim izvorima energije koji ne narušavaju životnu sredinu. Saudijska Arabija je jedna od država koja je najavila zaokret u svojoj energetskoj politici ka ovom vidu energenata. Na tragu tome, ovaj rad nastoji da ukaže na domašaje aktuelne energetske politike Saudijske Arabije i da pruži uvid u njene buduće planove na tom polju, kao i da prikaže kakvu ulogu obnovljivi izvori energije imaju na planu njene unutrašnje i spoljašnje politike.
Click, Pan, Scroll. Una base de datos de 500 sitios web de arquitectura
Authors: Liñán Lluís Juan , González de Mendoza Nicolás Maruri
Published: April 2021

Este artículo recopila y analiza 500 sitios web dedicados a la arquitectura. Su finalidad es revelar la constitución y las características generales del espacio donde se distribuye el conocimiento arquitectónico en la World Wide Web. Los datos arrojados por este análisis dibujan un heterogéneo espacio informacional que se encuentra dominado por un limitado número de plataformas que se actualizan a diario, ofrecen algún tipo de participación y acumulan una cantidad expansiva de contenidos. 
Ciudad esponja. Un escenario pospandémico
Authors: Krieger Peter
Published: April 2021

Este texto ofrece una revisión del concepto de ciudad esponja, con el que se busca mitigar la crisis del agua y el calentamiento exponencial de muchas megalópolis. Toma como ejemplo dos zonas de la Ciudad de México, donde analiza los parámetros de este concepto con el objetivo de generar un conocimiento que sirva de orientación a los debates sobre la ciudad pospandémica, en especial la necesaria renegociación conceptual del complejo y conflictivo vínculo entre ciudad y naturaleza. El presente estudio subraya la importancia de los suelos para la planeación urbano-arquitectónica, a la vez que promueve la expansión de la infraestructura azul y verde en los densos paisajes urbanos. 
Chapala half-graben structure inferred. A magnetometric study
Authors: Alatorre-Zamora Miguel Angel , Campos-Enríquez José Oscar , Rosas-Elguera José Guadalupe , Peña-García Laura , Maciel-Flores Roberto , Fregoso-Becerra Emilia
Published: April 2021

Many geologic and tectonic-structural studies refer to the Chapala lake structure in general terms as a graben (or more generally as rift). However, no formal study has addressed its structure. The Chapala Lake is located in a major topographic depression surrounded by broad middle to late Miocene volcanic-capped plateaus. We conducted a magnetic survey comprising five S-N lines crossing the Chapala Lake. One profile comprises a land extension (southwards along roads). Magnetic anomalies obtained are mainly smooth and large scale features associated to the sedimentary infill, local and high amplitude anomalies are due to shallow basaltic and andesitic tilted blocks, and highest amplitudes due to the outcropped basaltic flows of the Los Alacranes and Mezcala islands. The models obtained point to a large structural high located at the central depression portion that separates two structural lows. The structural lows correspond to half-graben type structures. Through the faults delimiting it were emplaced the basaltic flows of the Mezcala and Los Alacranes islands. The presence of half-graben type structures indicates that the crust has been subject to an extensional tectonic.
Uso de internet e mídias sociais por estudantes universitários: um campo de estudo emergencial
Authors: Luiz Fermann Ilana , Ledur Bianca , Ribeiro Beneton Emanueli , Schmitt Marina , Goulart Chaves Juliana , Andretta Ilana
Published: April 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo mapear o perfil de jovens universitários e a forma como fazem uso de mídias sociais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal, realizado em uma universidade privada do Sul do Brasil, com a participação de 143 alunos. Os resultados apontaram que a prática de atividades físicas foi relata por menos da metade dos participantes. Poucos relataram checar as mídias sociais antes de dormir. Quanto as redes e mídias sociais, todos os participantes relataram fazer uso diário do WhatsApp; no que diz respeito a dependência de internet a maioria apresenta dependência leve a moderada. Foi possível concluir que a as mídias sociais embora sejam facilitadoras da comunicação, influenciam diretamente a forma como as pessoas se relacionam presencialmente. Sugere-se que estudos futuros mapeiem a relação e a influência das mídias sociais na vida de universitários, assim como intervenções que auxiliem os mesmos.
Physicochemical properties and acceptability of three formulations containing fava bean, quinoa and corn flour extrudates
Authors: Velásquez-Barreto Frank F. , Ramirez-Tixe Edson E. , Salazar-Irrazabal Mariana D. , Salazar-Silvestre Elias
Published: April 2021

Andean grains, widely distributed in the high areas of the Andean Highlands, can help to reduce malnutrition owing to their high content of protein and balance of essential amino acids. Recently, their consumption has changed as they are increasingly used for instant food mixtures. However, a better design and formulation are necessary to maintain Andean grains’ nutritional value and characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical properties and acceptability of three formulations containing extruded corn (Zea mays L.), fava bean (Vicia faba L.), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) flours. Grain samples were collected from Choclococha, Acobamba, Huancavelica, Peru, and extruded at 95°C. Subsequently, three flour formulations were prepared. The formulation comprising 30% fava bean flour, 58% quinoa flour, and 12% corn flour consisted of 18.64% protein, 4.87% fat, 8.4% humidity, 2.99% ash, and 62.44% carbohydrates. This formulation with the highest quinoa flour content presented the highest acceptability in terms of color odor and flavor, and the highest protein content and digestibility (72.6%) of all analyzed formulations. Thermal analysis and pasting testing indicated that the formulation with the highest acceptability did not contain native starch; moreover, the proteins in this formulation were denatured.
Comparison of Experimental Curves of Alloy Steels after Gas Nitriding
Authors: SYLA Naim , ALİAJ Fisnik , ELEZAJ Njomza , DALİPİ Bashkim
Published: April 2021

This study is concerned with experimental curves of: hardness, residual stress and concentration of nitrogen at the precipitation layer at alloy steels after gas nitriding. The purpose of this treatment is that through experimental curves to identify the relationship and causality between hardness, on one side, and on the other, residual stress respectively concentration of nitrogen. Comparing the shape and slope of these curves we can conclude that, concentration of diffused nitrogen on the steel lattice, respectively ferrite, is a cause of increased hardness at the precipitation layer. More to the point, as a result of nitrogen diffusion, residual stress emerge which cause increase of hardness. The intensity and slope of the curves of hardness depends on the intensity and slope of the nitrogen concentration respectively residual stress.
Estimates of Amplitude Characteristics of Tsunami Wave Run-Up in Various Areas of the Black Sea Coast
Authors: Belokon A. Yu. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

This paper is devoted to computational modelling of tsunami wave propagation and runup to the shore for some points on the Russian, Turkish, Bulgarian and Ukrainian coasts of the Black Sea. The nonlinear long wave model was used to solve the problem of wave propagation from hydrodynamic tsunami sources, which can constitute the greatest potential danger for the studied coast areas. The hydrodynamic sources were set in the form of an elliptical elevation, the parameters of which were chosen according to the sea level response to an underwater earthquake of magnitude 7. All the sources were located in seismically active areas, where tsunamigenic earthquakes had already occurred, along the 1500 m isobath. Near each of the studied points in the area above 300 m depths, we calculated marigrams, i.e. time-series of sea level fluctuations caused by the passage of waves. Then, a one-dimensional problem of tsunami propagation and run-up on the coast was solved for each of the points under study, where the obtained marigrams were used as boundary conditions. Peculiarities of tsunami wave propagation have been shown depending on the bottom and land relief in the studied areas of the Black Sea. Estimates have been obtained of the sea level maximum rise and fall during surge and subsequent coastal drainage for the characteristic scales of relief irregularity at different points. For possible tsunamigenic earthquakes, the largest splashes may occur in the region of Yalta (2.15 m), Cide (1.9 m), Sevastopol (1.4 m), and Anapa (1.4 m). Tsunami propagation in the Feodosiya and Varna coastal areas is qualitatively similar, with maximum wave heights of 0.64 m and 0.46 m, respectively. The coastlines of Evpatoriya (0.33 m) and Odessa (0.26 m) are least affected by tsunami waves due to the extended shelf.
Wind Waves in the Balaklava Bay under Extreme Wind Conditions
Authors: Fomin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Polozok A. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Wind waves in bays and harbors have a significant impact on the safety of navigation and operation of the coastal infrastructure. The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of wind waves in the Balaklava Bay (Crimean Peninsula) under different wind conditions. The study was carried out on the basis of a numerical spectral SWAN wave model using a sequence of nested grids. Specific calculations of waves in the Balaklava Bay are carried out for constant winds of different directions and for an extreme storm emerged in the Black Sea in November 2007. It was found that in the southern part of the bay the most intense waves are formed with southerly winds. At the bay entrance, at wind speeds, which can occur once a year and once every 25 years, the maximum values of the significant wave height hs amount to 3 and 5.4 m, respectively. In the northern part of the bay, the maximum values hs with winds, which can occur once a year and once every 25 years, respectively, are equal to 0.25 and 0.46 m. It was defined that the storm waves penetrating into the southern part of the bay quickly attenuate as they spread through the narrowness to the northern part of the bay. Thus, the local wind field is the determining factor affecting the intensity of waves in the northern part of the Balaklava Bay.
Ecological State of the Eastern Sivash Waters in Early Summer of 2020
Authors: Borovskaya R. V. ,   Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Zhugaylo S. S. ,   Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Krivoguz D. O. ,   Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Shlyakhov V. A. ,   Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: April 2021

The paper studies the ecosystem of the Eastern Sivash in the context of natural and anthropogenic influence. The data collected during the expedition of the Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” conducted in early summer 2020 were used as original empirical evidence. Specific features of hydrological and hydrochemical conditions, as well as species composition, distribution, and abundance of ichthyoplankton were indicated. It was shown that the values of pH, nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates did not exceed MPCs established for fishery water bodies within the entire water area under study; the range of dissolved oxygen content was wide: 3.63–9.13 mg/dm3 . By comparison of the environmental status of the biocoenoses during early summer 2020 with the data collected during a similar survey in 2019, it was found that the water temperature at site 4 is lower by 1.9–2.7 °C. Further salinization of the Sivash was recorded: the lowest salinity in 2019 ranged within 32–38 ‰ and the highest one ranged within 83–86 ‰; in 2020, these values were 36–43 ‰ and 91–97 ‰, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the range of the increase in salinity was 4.36–16.69 ‰, with the highest value being recorded at site 2 (11.51–16.69 ‰) and the eastern part of site 3 (13.22 ‰). To a lesser extent (by 4.36–6.26 ‰), an increase in salinity was recorded at site 4 and the western part (5.27 ‰) of site 3. The results of plankton net surveys showed that ichthyoplankton was represented almost exclusively by larvae of big-scale send smelt, which had the densest distribution at site 1 at a salinity of 89 ‰, and on the border between sites 2 and 3 at a salinity of 74 ‰. The upper limit of salinity at which this fish reproduction is possible lies within the range 75–90 ‰. The absence of so-iuy mullet eggs and juveniles at a salinity higher than 32–36 ‰ in May – June of 2019–2020 during the peak of so-iuy mullet spawning does not provide a reason to include the Sivash Bay among the Azov Sea areas important for reproduction of this fish species
Microplastics in Beach Sediments of the Sea of Azov: Morphological and Morphometric Features
Authors: Glushko A. E. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Bespalova L. A. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: April 2021

This paper aims at assessment of microplastics concentrations on the beaches of the Sea of Azov and research of morphological features, size of particles, level and ways of degradation (or destruction) of microplastics. During the study, 126 samples of beach deposits were taken at 14 points of the beaches of the Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait. The samples were processed using the modified method NOAA. The analysis showed pollutant’s presence in 100 % of the samples. The concentration of microplastics particles in sand samples from different areas of the beach varies from 12 to 112 pieces per 1 m2 . The highest concentration was found on the beaches in Taganrog and the village of Ilyich. Morphological features of the particles were studied using a stereo microscope (Micromed MC-1 2C Digital). Translucent fibres and membranes prevailed in all the samples. Study of size frequency showed that the most frequently observed are particles of 0.2 mm, the median of size range being 0.5 mm. Types of microplastics degradation were determined using a scanning electron microscope (VEGA II LMU). Dissection, fracturing, and splitting were recorded
Logística Reversa de Medicamentos: um estudo comparativo entre os programas de descarte de duas redes farmacêuticas da cidade de Pelotas/RS
Authors: Da Silveira Girão Mariana , Costa Duarte Patrícia
Published: April 2021

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar os processos de logística reversa de medicamentos dos programas de descarte de duas redes farmacêuticas na cidade de Pelotas, situada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, a abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a de estudo de caso e os dados foram coletados por meio de observação direta, entrevista e questionário. Os resultados mostraram que o programa da rede A possui uma estrutura melhor que o programa da rede B, e, também, que o mesmo é mais conhecido pelos consumidores do que o programa da rede B. Todavia, apesar das diferenças apuradas, os resultados também revelaram que os dois programas funcionam corretamente, uma vez que os procedimentos desenvolvidos na logística reversa de ambos estão de acordo com a legislação existente.
O CORPO COMO DISCURSO AUTOBIOGRÁFICO
Authors: Machado Vinicius Torres , Paiva Giovanna Galisi
Published: April 2021

A afirmação do real tem sido um campo de debate nas artes da cena que trabalham com aspectos performativos.  Dentre os diversos modos de se trabalhar o real observa-se em profusão um tipo de teatro denominado autobiográfico. Esse teatro parece ter como impulso a elaboração de traumas individuais que dialogam com questões de interesse coletivo. O presente artigo percorre brevemente os paradigmas que envolvem a discussão do gênero autobiográfico na literatura e sua transposição para o teatro.  O artigo propõe que a base autorreferencial no teatro autobiográfico se afirme não apenas pelas palavras, mas pelo corpo, que é a afirmação de uma memória física. A cicatriz torna-se o paradigma de um trauma sofrido pelo corpo e que não precisa da palavra como único intermediário artístico. Palavras-chaveAutobiografia. Teatros do Real. Corpo. Trauma. Experiência.
Electronic and Mechanical Properties of (6,1) Carbon nano-tubes with different tube diameter: A Theoretical Studies
Authors: Singh Y. T. , Patra P. K. , Obodo K. O. , Rai Dibya Prakash
Published: April 2021

We investigated the electronic and mechanical properties of
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different tube diameters
using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD)
simulation, respectively. The carbon nanotubes’ electronic properties
were derived from the index number ( n 1 , n 2 ), lattice vectors, and
the rolled graphene sheet orientation. For (6,1) SWCNT, ( n 1 - n 2 )/3
is a non-integer, so the expected characteristic is semiconducting. We
have considered (6,1) Chiral SWCNT with different diameters ‘d’ (4.68 Å,
4.90 Å, 5.14 Å, 5.32 Å, 5.53 Å) corresponds to respective bond-lengths ‘
δ ’(1.32 Å, 1.36 Å, 1.45 Å, 1.50 Å and 1.56 Å) and then analyze the
electronic properties from the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals
(LCAO) based on DFT. We have used both the DFT-1/2 and GGA exchange
energy correlation approximations for our calculation and compared the
results. In both cases, the energy band gap is decreasing order with the
increase in bond lengths. The lowest value of formation energy was
obtained at the bond length δ = 1.45 Å ( d = 5.14 Å). For the mechanical
properties, we have calculated Young’s Modulus using Molecular Dynamic
simulations. From our calculation, we have found that the (6,1) SWCNT
with bond length 1.45 Å ( d = 5.14 Å) has Young’s modulus value of 1.553
TPa.
Following the written path -- a patient's journey to finding care!
Authors: Mondal samhati , Allen Lloyd
Published: April 2021

Incidental cardiac tumors are rare and mostly detected on autopsy as
patients largely remain asymptomatic. However, diagnosis of an
incidental cardiac mass on unrelated work up can pose significant
ethical and clinical challenge to the care team. Surgical resection has
been the most successful intervention for most primary cardiac tumors
however, it involves cardiopulmonary bypass assisted major surgery which
is not risk free either. Cardiac lipoma is the second most common
primary cardiac benign tumor. We report a case of a young otherwise
healthy patient who reported have a cardiac lipoma on computerized
tomography (CT ) scan that was done to rule out kidney stone.
Mass food challenges in a vacant COVID-19 stepdown facility: exceptional opportunity provides a model for the future
Authors: Byrne Aideen , Trujillo Juan , Fitzsimons John , Tariq Muhammad , Ghent Robert , O'Carroll Cathryn , Coghlan David , Hourihane Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Background: Internationally, the COVID-19 pandemic severely curtailed
access to hospital facilities for those awaiting elective/semi elective
procedures. For allergic children in Ireland, already waiting up to 4yr
for an elective oral food challenge (OFC), the restrictions signified
indefinite delay. At the time of the initiative there were approx 900
children on the Chidren’s Health Ireland(CHI) waiting list. In July
2020, a project was facilitated by short term(6wk) access to an empty
COVID stepdown facility built, in a hotel conference centre,
commandeered by the Health Service Executive Ireland(HSE). The aim was
to the achieve rapid rollout of an off-site OFC service, delivering high
throughput of long waiting patients, while aligning with hospital
existing policies and quality standards, international allergy
guidelines and national social distancing standards. Methods: The
working group engaged key stakeholders to rapidly develop an offsite OFC
facility. Consultant Paediatric Allergists, Consultant Paediatricians,
trainees and Allergy Clinical Nurse Specialists were seconded from other
duties. The facility was already equipped with hospital beds, bedside
monitors(BP, Pulse, Oxygen saturation) bedside oxygen. All medication
and supplies had to be brought from the base hospital. Daily onsite
consultant anaesthetic cover was resourced and a resuscitation room
equipped. Standardised food challenge protocols were created. Access to
onsite hotel chef facilitated food preparation. A risk register was
established. Results: After 6wks planning, the remote centre became
operational on 7/9/20, with the capacity of 27 OFC/day. 474 challenges
were commenced, 465 (98%) were completed, 9(2%) were inconclusive.
135(29.03%) OFC were positive, 25(5%) causing anaphylaxis. No child
required advanced airway intervention. 8 children were transferred to
the base hospital. The CHI allergy waiting list was reduced by almost
60% in only 24 days. Conclusions: OFCs remain a vital tool in the care
of allergic children, with their cost saving and quality of life
benefits negatively affected by delay in their delivery. This project
has shown it is possible to have huge impacts on a waiting list
efficiently, effectively and safely with good planning and staff buy in
– even in a pandemic. Adoption of new, flexible and efficient models of
service delivery will be important for healthcare delivery in the
post-COVID-19 era.
Online learning issues in Russian universities
Authors: Ilduganova Gulnara Minshakirovna , Tikhonova Nataliya Vladimirovna , Galimullina Ruzilia Irekovna
Published: April 2021

There is considerable uncertainty as to the way we lead our lives. We face global changes concerning every single aspect of our lives: economy, digital technologies, cultures, languages, and even our health and today not mentioning all the catastrophic consequences of the pandemic and economic slowdown. Institutions are responding to the current circumstances with a shift to online learning. While most universities have urgently switched to online learning and benefit from using educational and videoconferencing platforms, the issues caused by online education under these circumstances are still to be studied and carefully analysed. This article problematizes the influence of online learning and reveals a range of pitfalls arising in the process of online education as well as a detailed analysis of these issues. It was found out that the online learning process is affected by a wider range of reasons than we expected. The interrogative method was used as the main measurement tool. The evaluation studies were carried out at the university on its use of an online education system as a forced response to the current worldwide pandemic. Among revealed issues, we established the following: students’ ability to learn self-directly, assessment tools used by teachers to evaluate the knowledge, timely teacher’s feedback, teachers’ core competencies and personal qualities, technical, health issues, and some others. The global events caused a situation when universities had to reconsider the way they deliver education to people. The goal is to make it more expedient, accessible, and personalized. The information in the paper can contribute to the quality improvement of online education and learning success.
Scientific / Educational communication and leadership ARWU versus MosIUR
Authors: Minzaripov Riyaz Gataullovoch , Fakhrutdinova Anastasia Viktorovna , Abakumova Nataliia Nikolaevna , Xu Sisi , Terentyev Irina Vasilyevna
Published: April 2021

The problem of promoting universities in international rankings, the ratio of the number of universities in China and the Russian Federation, as well as the selection of mechanisms for the successful promotion of universities in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and the Moscow international rating “Three University Missions” (MosIUR) are in the focus of research. The hypothesis is that the development of an international rating is a state task that meets the current conditions of globalization in the world. The results of ARWU and MosIUR universities in Russia and China for 2017 - 2019 are presented, a comparative analysis of the total number of Russian and Chinese universities, the dynamics of their progress in rankings is made. The results of a survey of university teachers about their level of awareness on ARWU and MosIUR are discussed. The conclusions about the orientation of universities in Russia and China towards the internationalization of the national system of higher education are drawn. The participation of Russian and Chinese universities in ARWU and MosIUR is an important state task in context of the world competitiveness of universities.
The formation of national identity in process of aesthetic education of youth
Authors: Safina Gulnara Ildarovna , Pushkar Taisiya Olegovna , Yao Lubov Markelovna , Emanova Juliana Gennadievna
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses the issues of national identity, and patriotism formation by means of national art and folk culture, which are able to arouse love for the family, their home, their national and territorial community. To study the process of formation of national identity, a constructionist approach was taken, within which a constructed phenomenon was considered. The identity system of modern youth was studied by compiling a test by T. Kuhn and T. MacPartland "Who Am I?" The test was offered to students of Kazan National Research University (1997; 2012), and students of Kazan Federal University (2019). A tendency to increase the proportion of students who determined their national identity (Tatar man / Tatar woman, Russian man / Russian woman) was identified. The paper reveals specific examples of the methods of forming a national identity in the process of aesthetic education: the revival of folk art, since it is inextricably linked with national and religious traditions; familiarization with the arts and crafts, reflecting the distinctive features of each nation. All the peoples of the Middle Volga live in Tatarstan: except for Tatars and Russians, the Chuvash, Mari, Mordovians, Ukrainians, Belarusians live in the republic. All nationalities of the republic have formed their institutional formations, or cultural-national communities, spend their holidays, which go beyond the framework of the republican and become all-Russian and international.
Psychological direction of the formation of multicultural values
Authors: Vakil Jabbarov Rashid
Published: April 2021

The article examines the relationship between the development of multicultural values in students and various factors, including the level of self-realization, learning success, the nature of interests, social activism. The study was conducted on 160 students of Baku State University. In the study, experimental and control groups were selected and implemented in two phases. During the research, modern teaching methods and other techniques were used to develop multicultural values. A comparative analysis of the first and second stages showed that the level of self-realization with multicultural values, the nature of interests, the increase in learning success, and the relationship with social activism are two-way. That is, raising the level of self-realization, increasing the activity of demands in public affairs, as well as the formation of new interests, increasing the success of training is one of the main conditions for the development of multicultural values. The study showed that in the experimental group there is a correlation between learning achievements, self-realization and social activity and multicultural values (r = 0.0391, p = 0.014; r = 6.136, p = 0.044; r = 4.132, p = 0.048). The study concludes that the development of multicultural values can be achieved through the achievement of the highest results, capacity building and social activism.
Features of knowledge economy formation in corporate training
Authors: Mamatelashvili Olga V. , Pudovina Anastasia I.
Published: April 2021

The relevance of this problem is determined by the immaturity of the theory of forming knowledge economy at the setting of corporate training, as well as by the specific peculiarities of organizing corporate training in a market economy. The transfer of Russian economy to the innovative model based on knowledge economy requires reconsideration of practically all patterns and methods of the knowledge economy formation both in corporations in general and in corporate training in particular. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the need in acquiring new professional knowledge in corporate training and to show the importance of improving managerial skills and personal traits that increase motivation to learning and forming the knowledge economy. The leading approach to this problem is the analytical method that studies the works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of management in education. It includes stages from the identifying the subject matter of the category of "knowledge economy" to the features of forming "knowledge economy" in the setting of corporate training in corporations. This research is impossible without the use of such scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of system analysis that combines organizational, personal and technological components, expert evaluations, re-engineering business processes of training. It is due to the fact that the formation of knowledge economy is carried out through corporate training, which can be considered as a specific socio-economic phenomenon. These approaches allow considering the activity of large foreign and Russian production companies, which carry out corporate training, as a set of business and administrative relations. These relations emerge in the process of formation and development of the knowledge economy. Let us list the main results of this work. The first part of the work deals with the theoretical substantiation and the subject matter of the category of "knowledge economy". The second part shows the features of knowledge economy formation in corporate training. Materials of this paper can be useful for forming the knowledge economy for corporate training as a strategy of corporate training system in large production companies.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for complete monotonicity and monotonicity of two functions defined by two derivatives of a function involving trigamma function
Authors: Qi Feng
Published: April 2021

In the paper, by virtue of convolution theorem for the Laplace transforms, Bernstein?s theorem for completely monotonic functions, some properties of a function involving exponential function, and other analytic techniques, the author finds necessary and sufficient conditions for two functions defined by two derivatives of a function involving trigamma function to be completely monotonic or monotonic. These results generalize corresponding known ones.
UNILATERAL CLAIM OVER CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO AS BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY (BIOT) BY UNITED KINGDOM BASED ON INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Novita Elpasari Jerina
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 1965, United Kingdom (UK) made a unilateral claim over the Chagos Archipelago as British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) based on the BIOT Order of 1965 and Statutory Instrument of 1965 No. 1020. Due to this unilateral act, the Chagos Archipelago no longer parts of Mauritius. Problem arising from Britain's unilateral claim to the territory was further aggravated by the United Kingdom’s act in enforcing population transfer towards all Chagos islanders (Chagossians) out of the territory without adequate compensations and resettlement. This research aims to analyze the legality of unilateral claims over the Chagos archipelago as a BIOT and the enforced transfer of Chagossians from their original residential place by the United Kingdom. It argues that under international law, Chagos Archipelago is recognized as an area that should remain integrated within the territory of Mauritius. It further argues that the UK has violated international law by committing enforced population transfer.Keywords: BIOT, Enforced Population Transfer, Territory, The Chagos Archipelago, Unilateral Act.

 

AbstrakPada tahun 1965, Inggris melakukan klaim sepihak atas wilayah Kepulauan Chagos sebagai British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) berdasarkan British Indian Ocean Territory Order of 1965 dan Statutory Instrument of 1965 No. 1020. Kepulauan Chagos merupakan bagian dari Mauritius pada saat Mauritius berada dibawah penjajahan Inggris. Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Inggris terhadap wilayah tersebut berdampak pada terpisahnya kepulauan Chagos dari Mauritius. Permasalahan yang timbul dari Klaim sepihak Inggris atas wilayah tersebut kemudian turut diperparah dengan tindakan Inggris yang melakukan pemindahan paksa seluruh penduduk kepulauan Chagos (Chagossians) dari wilayah tersebut tanpa kompensasi dan tempat tinggal pengganti yang layak serta memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas klaim sepihak terhadap kepulauan Chagos sebagai BIOT dan pemindahan Chagossians dari tempat tinggal asalnya secara paksa yang dilakukan oleh Inggris sebagai enforced population transfer. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wilayah kepulauan Chagos diakui sebagai wilayah yang seharusnya tetap terintegrasi dalam wilayah Mauritius dan penetapan wilayah tersebut sebagai BIOT telah bertentangan dengan prinsip dan ketentuan hukum internasional. Kata Kunci: BIOT, Enforced Population Transfer, Kepulauan Chagos, Tindakan Sepihak, Wilayah
INDONESIA-MALAYSIA MARITIME BOUNDARIES DELIMITATION: A RETROSPECTIVE
Authors: Pratomo Eddy
Published: April 2021

Abstract“Good fences make good neighbors.” But how long should one build those fences with its neighbor? Boundary delimitation has always been an eye-catching issue in international law and international relations. Sometimes it can take up for many years. States tend to be very cautious in delimiting its boundary because once it is agreed, it cannot be changed anymore. Indonesia-Malaysia maritime boundary is not an exception. These two relatively young nations have negotiated their maritime boundaries since the 1960's. More than fifty years later, maritime boundary segments still remain to be settled. But where does it stand now? This article will highlight a number of important issues of the Indonesian-Malaysian maritime boundaries delimitation, the latest development, and the way forward on where these two nations will proceed.

Keywords: Archipelagic Baseline, Boundary Agreement, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone, Maritime Delimitation

 

Abstrak“Good fences make good neighbor”. Tetapi berapa lama waktu yang diperlukan untuk menegosiasikan pagar tersebut? Delimitasi batas negara selalu menjadi isu hangat dalam hukum dan hubungan internasional. Proses ini dapat memakan waktu bertahun-tahun. Negara-negara cenderung untuk sangat berhati-hati dalam menegosiasikan batas, karena setelah perbatasan tersebut disepakati, maka batas tersebut tidak dapat diubah.Batas maritim Indonesia dan Malaysia tidak terkecuali. Kedua negara yang relatif masih muda ini telah menegosiasikan batas maritimnya sejak tahun 1960an. Lebih dari lima puluh tahun kemudian, segmen-segmen batas maritim antar kedua negara juga belum selesai dirundingkan. Setelah sekian lama berunding, bagaimana perkembangan proses penetapan batas maritim kedua negara? Artikel ini akan mengedepankan isu-isu penting terkait dengan delimitasi batas maritim Indonesia-Malaysia, perkembangan terakhir, dan langkah kedepan yang akan ditempuh oleh kedua negara.

Kata kunci: Delimitasi Batas Maritim , Garis Pangkal Kepulauan, Landas Kontinen, Perjanjian Perbatasan, Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif,
REFORMING THE UNITED NATIONS: REALITIES, EXPECTATIONS, AND THE WAY FORWARD
Authors: Mangapul Joy Henri
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe United Nations was born as an end-result of the Second World War. Its stated purpose was obvious as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations (“the Charter”) – to maintain international peace and security. The United Nations, however, both in terms of practicality and the will to do such, had been burdened by several problems surrounding them; the ineffectiveness of several bodies such as the Trusteeship Council, the Economic and Social Council (“ECOSOC”), etc.; the overwhelming power of the veto rights vested towards the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council ("the UNSC"); the strength of certain resolutions towards the international community, to name a few. Though one of the keys to reform the United Nations is by amending the Charter itself, the current development on the issue seems – and continues to seem – moot. Thus, the will to reform has to be from the United Nations itself, since the organization is expected to develop with time and the community, instead of being extremely rigid, dead-locked international organization.

Keywords: Charter of the United Nations, organization, reform, resolution, United Nations.

 

AbstrakPerserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa lahir sebagai hasil akhir, atau akibat, dari Perang Dunia Kedua. Tujuan tersurat PBB adalah telah jelas sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa – menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan internasional. Sekalipun demikian, PBB baik secara praktis maupun melihat niat, nyatanya menemui rintangan dan permasalahan yang mengelilinginya seperti tidak efisiennya beberapa badan seperti Badan Perwalian (Trusteeship Council), Badan Ekonomi dan Sosial (ECOSOC), dan sebagainya; kekuatan berlebihan berkenaan hak veto bagi lima negara anggota permanen Dewan Keamanan PBB; kekuatan resolusi-resolusi tertentu terhadap komunitas dunia, dan masih banyak lagi. Sekalipun salah satu kunci reformasi PBB ialah dengan mengamandemen piagam PBB itu sendiri, perkembangan yang terjadi membuat hal tersebut menjadi angan semu semata. Tekad mereformasi PBB sudah sewajarnya berasal dari PBB sendiri. Oleh karenanya, PBB diharapkan untuk berkembang seiring waktu juga dengan komunitas global, bukan menjadi organisasi yang kaku dan terkungkung.

Kata Kunci: Organisasi, reformasi, resolusi, Perserikatan Bangsa- Bangsa, Piagam PBB
THE UNITED STATES UNILATERAL WITHDRAWAL FROM THE RESTRICTIONS OF IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM IN JCPOA 2015 UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Valerio Jovan Christopher
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In 2015, Iran with the P5 + 1 countries (China, France, Germany, Russia, Britain and the United States, as well as the European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) agreed on a JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) which deals with Iran's nuclear program. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 2015 (JCPOA) is a controversial agreement. First, the JCPOA's status in international law is debated and is not considered as an international treaty. In the midst of the uncertainty over the status of the JCPOA, on May 8 2018, the United States unilaterally declared that it was withdrawing from the JCPOA. Even though the JCPOA has been endorsed by UN Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015). Thus, other JCPOA participating countries view the withdrawal of the United States as an act that is against international law. This article aims to determine whether the JCPOA is an international treaty and whether the withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA is justified under international law.

Keywords: JCPOA, UN Security Council Resolution, Withdrawal

 

Abstrak

Pada tahun 2015, Iran dengan negara-negara P5+1 (China, Prancis, Jerman, Rusia, Inggris dan Amerika Serikat, serta Perwakilan Tinggi Uni Eropa untuk Urusan Luar Negeri dan Kebijakan Keamanan) menyepakati JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) mengenai pembatasan program nuklir Iran. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 2015 (JCPOA) merupakan perjanjian yang mengundang kontroversi. Pertama, status JCPOA mendapat perdebatan karena dianggap bukan perjanjian internasional. Kemudian pada 8 Mei 2018, Amerika Serikat secara sepihak menyatakan menarik diri dari JCPOA. Padahal JCPOA telah dimasukkan ke dalam Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 2231 (2015). Sehingga peserta JCPOA lainnya menganggap tindakan Amerika Serikat sebagai perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan hukum internasional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah JCPOA merupakan suatu perjanjian internasional dan apakah penarikan diri Amerika Serikat dari JCPOA dapat dibenarkan berdasarkan hukum internasional.

Kata kunci: JCPOA, Penarikan Diri, Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB
THE FAILURE OF UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: ITS CONTRIBUTION TO CALAMITY AND RUIN OF THE ROHINGYA CASE
Authors: Christha Auli Renata
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The tensions between Muslim and Buddhist communities in Rakhine, Myanmar have escalated and became the international spotlight. Massacre in the Rohingya is a serious violation of human rights. In accordance with the functions of the United Nation, this international organization is expected to prevent and eliminate crimes against humanity that occur in the Rohingya. One of the main organs in charge of maintaining international peace and security is the UN Security Council. However, the fact that the United Nations failed to carry out its duties was because Russia has veto power and has blocked the statement which was expressed by UN Security council concerning this situation to punish Myanmar in resolving the Rohingya case, solely due to the political relationship between Russia and Myanmar. The failure of the United Nations is the world's debt to the Rohingya tribe, accordingly to redeem the debt it is needed reform of the UN Security Council.

 Keywords: Humanitarian Crimes, Rohingya, Security Council, United Nations, Veto

 

Abstrak

Perseteruan yang terjadi antara umat Muslim dan Buddha di Rakhine, Myanmar, kembali terjadi dan menjadi sorotan dunia internasional. Pembantaian di Rohingya merupakan pelanggaran berat terhadap hak asasi manusia. Perserikatan Bangsa- Bangsa (PBB) merupakan organisasi internasional yang diharapkan dapat mencegah dan menghapus kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan yang terjadi di Rohingya, sesuai dengan fungsi dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Salah satu organ utama yang bertugas untuk menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan internasional adalah Dewan Keamanan PBB. Namun fakta yang terjadi PBB gagal dalam menjalankan tugasnya karena Rusia terus melakukan veto terhadap Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB untuk menghukum Myanmar dalam penyelesaian kasus Rohingya, karena semata- mata hubungan politik antara Rusia dengan Myanmar. Kegagalan PBB merupakan utang dunia terhadap suku Rohingya, sehingga untuk dapat menebus utang tersebut diperlukan reformasi Dewan Keamanan PBB.

Kata Kunci: Dewan Keamanan, Kejahatan Kemanusiaan, Perserikatan Bangsa- Bangsa, Rohingya, Veto
THE CONCEPT OF JURISDICTION IN THE AIR: TO WHAT EXTENT CAN IT BE UPHELD AGAINST UNRULY PASSENGERS IN INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT?
Authors: Maulani Nova , Suryaatmadja Shannon
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Jurisdiction is essential for statehood along with the right to prescribe and enforce laws. Unruly behaviour may threaten air transportation security and safety, including the passenger safety, disrupts other passengers and crew causing delays and diversions. But due to loopholes on the existing laws, and lack of choice of jurisdiction, such offenses often remain unpunished. This article aims to seek the best role that Indonesia should take to implement its jurisdiction on aircrafts in international flights and to protect its citizens in international flight. It provides an overview and analysis of existing international and Indonesian legal instruments in handling unruly passengers and to support extended jurisdiction choices so unruly passengers and other related criminal activities can be regulated and punished as necessary to ensure the safety and security, including the Chicago Convention 1944 and the Annex 17 on Security, The Tokyo Convention 1963 and the Montreal Protocol 2014.

Keywords: Air Law, Aviation, Aviation Security, Jurisdiction, Unruly Passengers

 

ABSTRAK

Esensi dari yurisdiksi  penting bagi negara dalam menjalankan dan menegakan hukum. Perilaku tidak tertib dapat mengancam keamanan dan keselamatan transportasi udara, dimana di dalamnya terdapat unsur keselamatan penumpang, gangguan terhadap awak dan penumpang lainnya, serta dapat mengakibatkan keterlambatan dan diversi. Namun demikian, dengan adanya celah dalam hukum dan peraturan, serta minimnya pilihan yurisdiksi, tindakan tersebut sering tidak dikenakan hukuman.  Artikel ini bertujuan mencari peran terbaik yang harus diambil Indonesia, dalam mengimplementasi yurisdiksinya di pesawat dan melindungi warga negaranya dalam penerbangan internasional. Artikel ini memberikan tinjauan umum dan analisis instrumen hukum Internasional dan hukum Indonesia yang menangani penumpang yang sulit diatur, termasuk di dalamnya  Konvensi Chicago 1944 dan Annex 17 tentang Keamanan,Konvensi Tokyo 1963 dan Protokol Montreal 2014 .

Kata Kunci: Aviasi, Hukum Udara, Keamanan Penerbangan, Penumpang yang Sulit Diatur, Yurisdiksi
Screening of Wheat Genotypes for Morphological, Physiological and Phenological Traits Under Climatic Condition
Authors: Siyal A. L. , Chang A. G. , Shaikh N. , Sootaher J. K. , Jatt T. , Siyal F. K. , Chang M. S.
Published: April 2021

Climate change is a major threat to most of crops grown globally in sub-tropics and tropics. One of the consequences of climate change is drought, which has a negative effect on crop growth and productivity. However, present research drought affected breed wheat was tested to examine the quality of wheat selection for different stage using morphological and phenological traits. Ten genotypes along with two local check varieties were tested in randomize complete block design were used for this experiment. The experiment was conducted in the field of Southern Wheat Research Station, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, in winter season to determine the different levels of tillers per plant, growth vigor, early growth habit, plant type, Leaf type, content of proline in (μ mol. g-1 fresh wt), osmotic potential in (-Mpa) and relative water content in (%) analyzed for significance. The genotypes showed positive significantly differ in response to studied traits. Ten genotypes were sown in three replications, in two blocks. The genotypes were significantly different in response to the moisture stress. There were highly significant differences for all traits. The positive association for studied the parameters between the ﬁeld trials demonstrated that greater seedling vigor of root and shoot is key factor inﬂuencing in wheat. Therefore, our finding suggested that these genotypes had potential to grow well and perform better than other genotypes and check varieties.