bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Wilson’s Disease in a 17 Years Old Girl
Authors: Dighikar Vrushali , Sharma Ranjana
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder involving cellular copper transport. A defect in biliary excretion leads to accumulation of copper in the liver, causing progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. Approximately 1 in 40,000 people have Wilson’s Disease. It affects both men and women equally. Symptoms appear between ages 5 and 35.     

Case Presentation: This is a case of 17 years old girl came with complained of dysphagia, irritability, breathlessness, weakness in both upper and lower limb at left side for 6 months. She had difficulty in going up and coming down a staircase and in getting up from the squatting position. She could walk with support for the first 6 months of his illness but later, had required crutches. After her admission diagnostic evaluation was done, and in the findings was chest x-ray was done which was normal. ECG showing normal sinus rate and rhythm. Ophthalmology call was done and slit lamp examination was noted which was showing KF ring was present bilaterally. MRI brain suggested symmetrical altered signal intensity lesion in bilateral thalami and lentiform nucleus, midbrain and pons appearing hyper intense on T2/FLAIR sequences in bilateral gangliocapsular region (mainly in putamen) and thalami as well as midbrain and dorsal aspect of pons as described above. A possibility of Wilson’s Disease can be considered, blood test show that Hb was decrease that is -9.7gm%, S.G.O.T was 34.0U/L, S.G.P.T was 32.0U/L, was normal at the time of discharge early ambulation, nutrition, psychological support was given.

Therapeutic interventions and outcome: In the present case received syndopa 110/4, BD, orally. Tablet Zinc, OD, orally. Tablet Pan D, OD, orally., inj. Dexamethasone 2 mg I.V, T.D.S., Syrup Sumax, 10ml, BD.  Now the patient condition is stable.

Conclusion: This presented case of Wilson’s Disease is a rare disease condition. It is an autosomal recessive disease.In this case study, author mainly focus on expert medical management and excellent nursing care which leads to fast recovery of patient. After conversation with patient her response was positive and after nursing management and treatment she was discharged with satisfaction of recovery.
Effectiveness of Mechanical Hydrotherapy on Pain Management among Patients with Arthritis Pain
Authors: Ghungrud Deepali , Raut Arti , Sharma Ranjana , Ankar Ruchira
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Hydrotherapy is a warm water therapy used in relieving pain such as muscle pain, back pain and inflammation associated with the arthritis pain. In arthritic condition hydrotherapy helps to improving blood circulation. It is commonly used for treating muscle injuries and stroke and brain injuries.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of mechanical hydrotherapy on pain management among patients with arthritis pain.

Materials and Methods: In this study a quantitative research approach with an experimental pre-test post-test research design was used for the present study. Purposive sampling was the sampling method used to collect data from arthritis patients on the basis of standardized numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The sample size was 70, for experimental group 35 samples and control group was 35 samples. For experimental group the mechanical hydrotherapy was given along with prescribed medicines and for control group only prescribed medicine was monitored.

Results: The majority of participants were male 41 (58.57%) and female 29 (41.43%) as compared to male. In experimental group male were 22 (62.85%) and female were 13 (37.15%) and in control group male were19 (54.28%) and female were 16 (45.72%). Before intervention on day-1 pre assessment pain   mean value was 7.51 and standard deviation was 1.46 in experimental group and In control group mean value was 7.91 and standard deviation was 1.12. On day-7 post assessment pain the outcome of an experimental group after mechanical hydrotherapy with reducing pain, mean value was1.80 and standard deviation was 1.07 and in control group mean value was 7.97 and 1.27. Statistically significant improvement seen in the level of pain regarding effectiveness of mechanical hydrotherapy on pain management among patients with arthritis pain.

Conclusion: Hence it is statistically clear that, the mechanical hydrotherapy to arthritis patients is helpful in managing the pain effectively.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm- A Case Report
Authors: Wanjari Mayur B. , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms more commonly affect men than women and are estimated to affect 4% to 8% of men older than age 60 years. Mortality because of a ruptured AAA is high, but elective repair is an effective and relatively safe intervention.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old male patient comes to the outpatient department with a complaint of abdominal pain from 2-3 months back.

Interventions- The treatment of patients was started immediately after admission. The surgical repair of Aortic Stent Placement for Pseudoaneurysm was done under general anesthesia on date 12 June 2021.

Conclusion: In this report, we mainly focus on expert surgical management and excellent nursing care helped in managing the complicated case very nicely. The patient response was positive to conservative and nursing management. The patient was discharged without postoperative complications and satisfactory with recovery.
Effectiveness of Demonstration Skill on Use of Nebulization Therapy among the Parents of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Rodge Hina Y. , Maurya Archana
Published: September 2021

Background: Many studies were conducted on nebulization therapy with the aim to compare the effectiveness of medication but not many of research are conducted on demonstration skills one the use of nebulization therapy.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to assess effectiveness of demonstration skill on use of nebulization therapy among the parents of hospitalized children.

Objectives:

To assess the existing demonstration skill on use of nebulization therapy among the parents of hospitalized children.

To assess the effectiveness of demonstration skill on use nebulization therapy among the parents of hospitalized children.

To associate the post-test demonstration skill score on use nebulization therapy among the parents of hospitalized children with selected demographic variables.

Methodology: An academic hospital based study will conduct in the Acharya Vinoba Bahave Rural Hospital in Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India. This study will use an interventional approach with a one-group pre-test post-test design and non-probability convenience sampling to select 60 samples. The parents will be select based on criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The data will be collected using a demographic variables and self-Structured Observational Checklist on Nebulization therapy will use to collect the data. Pre-test demonstration skill was carried on day 1 and post-test conducted with same checklist on 7th day which will be filled out by the researcher while observing the parents while they provide nebulization therapy to their children.

Conclusion: Conclusion of this research will be drawn from statistical analysis of samples.
Psychological Aspects of Obesity and Obesity Surgery: A Simple Review
Authors: Alhawiti Manal Mohammed E. , Altmimi Sarah Muqbil B. , Alzahrani Alanoud Abdullah M. , Alshahrani Hezam Shalan , Alharbi Ghaiah Jaber A. , Hamdi Nojood Burhan M. , Alamrani Abrar Marwan A. , Alshehri Rawan Ahmed H. , Alzahuf Shuruq Mohammed H. , Alhabib Renda Ali M. , Albalawi Amal Mohammad H. , Al Abbas Ali Mansour Z. , Q. Alsaqer Duaa Saeed , Altemani Marwan Fahad H. , Ajwah Ibrahim Mahmoud
Published: September 2021

Grade III and IV obese patients had higher levels of depression than grade II obese patients, lower self-esteem, and lower quality of life. Thus, an important but often overlooked outcome is the assessment of the impact of surgery on mental health. This is an important outcome measure because it can contribute to a patient's concept of overall well-being. Although British Columbia has an edge in managing obesity, psychosocial and behavioral factors can influence postoperative outcomes. According to some authors, mental illness severe enough to require treatment may be a negative predictor of surgical outcome. This review reviews the literature on the impact of liposuction surgery on the psychological functioning of patients with obesity. Most studies have shown that people with obesity, especially those requiring surgery, report significantly worse quality of life. This may be due to impaired physical and psychosocial functioning, discrimination and psychiatric consequences, or it may be due to overweight and associated morbidity. Finally, most research and clinical experience shows that people with obesity who seek surgical treatment for obesity are more likely to have psychological problems, abnormal eating behaviors, and quality of life. Life declines more than the average person, but bariatric surgery can help improve your mental state. Patients, improve the patient's quality of life.
Pemphigus Vulgaris- A Case Report
Authors: Wanjari Mayur B. , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha , Alwadkar Sagar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Pemphigus is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized by blisters and erosion of the skin and mucous membranes throughout the entire body. It mostly affects the mouth, eye, nose, throat as well as genitals. Pemphigus vulgaris is most common type of pemphigus. The epithelial lesions are caused by autoantibodies reacting with desmosomal glycoproteins found on the keratinocyte's cell surface. The binding of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to desmoglein 3, a transmembrane glycoprotein adhesion molecule found on desmosomes, is the underlying process that causes intraepithelial lesions.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old male patient came to the hospital with a complaint of a mouth ulcer and a genital lesion that had been since 15 years. He is having a history of oral ulcer in oral mucosa and involvement of genital area in glans penis with a history of pain, bleeding, difficulty in swallowing.  

Intervention: The patient was admitted to the hospital on 29/07/2021 and taken Inj. Rituximab 1gm in 500Ml Normal Saline in infusion pumps in over 6 Hours.

Conclusion: In this case report, we mainly focus on expert dermatological management and excellent nursing care in managing the rare complicated case nicely. Early diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus Vulgaris help determine the course of the disease of the patient and is done by a dermatologist.
Perception about the Factors Leading to Delay of Door to Balloon Time (DTBT) in Acute Myocardial Infarction Management amongst Emergency Medical Professionals in Pune, India
Authors: Rishipathak Parag , Vijayraghavan Shrimathy , Hinduja Anand
Published: September 2021

Aim: Acute Myocardial Infarction is one of the commonest medical emergencies encountered by Emergency Medical Professionals. The EMS professional is the first responder in the hospital emergency room. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in a timely manner is the preferred method of treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aims to assess perception regarding factors causing delay of Door to Balloon Time (DTBT) in Acute Myocardial Infarction management amongst Emergency Medical Professionals.

Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Symbiosis Centre for Health Skills, Pune in May 2021.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted amongst 120 Emergency Medical Professionals in Pune, India. The data was collected during the month of May 2021. Professionals who have completed Post Graduate Diploma in Emergency Medical Services were included in the study. A pre tested and validated questionnaire developed by Jafery et al was utilized to assess the knowledge and perception level among Emergency Medical Professionals.

Results and Discussion: The study provided insight into the factors causing delay in DTBT. An overwhelming majority of respondents blamed the shortage of general and specialist staff for the delay in DTBT. Shortage of CCU beds was also reported as the key factor in the hold up by as many as 71% of the respondents. Cardiac Cath lab availability and ECG equipment shortage were considered to be hindrances by nearly half the respondents. Lack of structured protocol and poor information communication was also hampering the achievement of ideal DTBT.

Conclusion: Emergency Medical Professionals have adequate knowledge of their role and the barriers that prevent timely clinical care. The study offers avenues for improvement in various clinical and non-clinical areas so as to achieve the desired clinical goals.
Molecular Aspects of Cancer Research Endometrium – The Prospect of Personalized Treatment
Authors: Oksana Movchan
Published: September 2021

Aims: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer, and there is a growing interest in identifying the molecular pathways involved and developing molecular-targeted treatment to prevent it. Present study was aimed to give an overview of the molecular processes involved in endometrial cancer development and treatment options.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review and meta-analysis. For that purpose, PubMed database was searched for related studies till June 2021 and a through selection process was adopted to select the eligible studies.

Results: Endometrial malignancies are complicated molecularly, and their focused therapy has a wide range of outcomes, with median progressive survival rates ranging from 2.3 to 18 months.

Conclusions: The effective treatment and therapy need a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the creation and progression of endometrial cancer, as well as the development of innovative targeted therapeutic agents.
Do Internal Auditor and Audit Committee Have Impact on Audit Report Lag for Mining Industry?
Authors: Noviarty Helisa , Puspitasari Ayu , Heniwati Elok
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the Internal Auditor and Audit Committee on Audit Report Lag (ARL) and the moderating effect of Company Size on the relationship between the Internal Auditor and the Audit Committee on ARL. Using mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2016 to 2018, this study results in the number of observations of 99 cases. The results show that the Internal Auditor and Audit Committee have a negative effect on ARL. The result also shows that Company Size has a moderating effect on the influence of the Internal Auditor and Audit Committee on ARL.
The Effect of Ultragrain Refinement on the Strength and Strain Rate Sensitivity of a ZK60 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Carvalho Amanda P. , Figueiredo Roberto B.
Published: September 2021

Herein, the relationship between the grain size and the strength in the magnesium alloy ZK60 in the ultrafine‐grained region is clarified. Discs are processed by high‐pressure torsion to refine the grain size and some samples are subjected to annealing to increase the grain size. Microhardness and indentation creep experiments are used to determine the strength and strain rate sensitivity. Also, the grain structure below the tip of an indentation creep test is compared with its counterpart before testing to show that deformation‐induced grain growth is very limited in this alloy. The results show different trends in grain refinement hardening at different grain size ranges. Grain refinement hardening is observed in the coarse‐grain (>1 μm) region, there is a change in slope in the ultrafine grain range and negligible hardening and possible grain refinement softening in the range of ≈100 nm. It is also shown that samples with finer grain sizes display higher strain rate sensitivities, suggesting a change in the deformation mechanism. The current results agree with a model of grain boundary sliding deformation.
Stretchable and Stable Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistor Synapse with a Nafion Membrane for Enhanced Synaptic Properties
Authors: Nguyen Trong Danh , Trung Tran Quang , Lee Yurim , Lee Nae-Eung
Published: September 2021

Stretchable artificial synaptic devices are promising for integration into soft neuromorphic systems. However, the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)‐based synaptic device is challenging due to the difficulty of obtaining high mechanical deformability and durability as well as high long‐term plasticity (LTP) and retention time. Herein, a highly stable and stretchable synaptic OECT fabricated on a 3D mogul‐patterned substrate with stress absorption capability with improved synaptic properties is reported. The mechanical stability of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) channel and, in turn, the OECT is improved by adding additives in the channel. Synaptic properties including synaptic weight (SW), LTP, and retention time could be tuned and improved by adopting a Nafion membrane between the channel and the gate electrode, which modifies the transport dynamics of ions in the electrolyte across the membrane. This approach paves a way for improving and tuning the synaptic properties of stretchable biomimetic OECT synapses.
Poly(5‐nitroindole) Thin Film as Conductive and Adhesive Interfacial Layer for Robust Neural Interface
Authors: Yang Ming , Yang Taotao , Deng Hanjie , Wang Jingjing , Ning Shan , Li Xing , Ren Xiaoning , Su Yuming , Zang Jianfeng , Li Xiaojian , Luo Zhiqiang
Published: September 2021

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has emerged as a promising neural interface material, but the weak adhesion of PEDOT to substrates adversely affects its reliability and practical application. Although adhesive interfacial layers have been explored to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT, their poor conductivity seriously compromises the performance of neural electrodes. It is a great challenge to develop an adhesive interfacial layer with excellent electrical properties. Herein, utilizing the advantages of polyindole derivatives, conductive polymers which have various functional groups for potential interface bonding, a conductive, adhesive, and biocompatible poly(5‐nitroindole) (PIN‐5NO2) interfacial layer is developed to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT to metal electrodes. The conjugated PIN‐5NO2 with its superior electrical property can be prepared by electropolymerization of 5‐nitroindole; however, the electrografting of amino groups, which is reduced from nitro groups in 5‐nitroindole can provide strong adhesion with the gold (Au) substrate. With PIN‐5NO2 as an adhesive interfacial layer, the resultant Au/PIN‐5NO2/PEDOT electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical property, superb stability, and biocompatibility for high‐performance neural interface. The in vivo evaluation of Au/PIN‐5NO2/PEDOT electrocorticographic microelectrodes demonstrates superior capacity to capture the neural dynamics of the brain. The novel strategy would offer a new insight for the construction of high‐performance neural electrodes with high stability for neural interface application.
Highly Efficient Nonvolatile Magnetization Switching and Multi‐Level States by Current in Single Van der Waals Topological Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Lee Youjin , Coak Matthew J. , Kim Junghyun , Son Suhan , Hwang Inho , Ko Dong‐Su , Oh Youngtek , Jeon Insu , Kim Dohun , Zeng Changgan , Lee Hyun‐Woo , Park Je‐Geun
Published: September 2021

Robust multi‐level spin memory with the ability to write information electrically is a long‐sought capability in spintronics, with great promise for applications. Here, nonvolatile and highly energy‐efficient magnetization switching is achieved in a single‐material device formed of van‐der‐Waals (vdW) topological ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2, whose magnetic information can be readily controlled by a tiny current. Furthermore, the switching current density and power dissipation are about 400 and 4000 times smaller than those of the existing spin‐orbit‐torque magnetic random access memory based on conventional magnet/heavy‐metal systems. Most importantly, multi‐level states, switched by electrical current are also demonstrated, which can dramatically enhance the information capacity density and reduce computing costs. Thus, the observations combine both high energy efficiency and large information capacity density in one device, showcasing the potential applications of the emerging field of vdW magnets in the field of spin memory and spintronics.
Stacked Lamellar Matrix Enabling Regulated Deposition and Superior Thermo‐Kinetics for Advanced Aqueous Zn‐Ion System under Practical Conditions
Authors: Wu Shuang , Zhang Shu , Chu Yuzhu , Hu Zhenglin , Luo Jiayan
Published: September 2021

Zinc anodes have attracted widespread attention for their intrinsic safety, low cost, and abundant resources, but still suffer from severe irreversibility due to spontaneous corrosion and nonplanar dendrite formation in aqueous electrolytes. In this work, a 3D stacked lamellar matrix (SLM) composed of ZnF2/Zn3(PO4)2/CFX is elaborately designed on a Zn substrate via simple chemical/electrochemical reactions, delivering enhanced thermodynamic stability and rapid zinc ions transport kinetics. The abundant ion conduction channels in SLM could also redistribute Zn2+ ions flux and further suppress the dendrite growth. With these synergetic effects, the SLM‐Zn anodes enable exceptional performance, including a high depth of discharge (90%) in a Zn|Zn symmetrical cell for 187 h, steady charge/discharge process (94.1% retention of SLM‐Zn|MnO2 full cell for 1000 cycles at a harsh rate of 15 C), and low negative/positive capacity ratio (≈3.3) in SLM‐Zn|AC hybrid supercapacitor with limited Zn anode (10 µm) and high‐load cathode (≈1.77 mA h cm−2), which greatly promotes the application of aqueous Zn‐ion energy system under practical conditions.
Wafer‐Scale Functional Metasurfaces for Mid‐Infrared Photonics and Biosensing
Authors: Leitis Aleksandrs , Tseng Ming Lun , John‐Herpin Aurelian , Kivshar Yuri S. , Altug Hatice
Published: September 2021

Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on‐demand optical functionalities for next‐generation biosensing, imaging, and light‐generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low‐cost and high‐throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid‐infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free‐standing metal‐oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid‐infrared metasurfaces with wafer‐scale and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high‐Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large‐area metalenses with diffraction‐limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record‐high conversion efficiencies.  Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real‐time and label‐free mid‐infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass‐production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.
Thermoelectric Cu12Sb4S13‐Based Synthetic Minerals with a Sublimation‐Derived Porous Network
Authors: Hu Haihua , Zhuang Hua‐Lu , Jiang Yilin , Shi Jianlei , Li Jing‐Wei , Cai Bowen , Han Zhanran , Pei Jun , Su Bin , Ge Zhen‐Hua , Zhang Bo‐Ping , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: September 2021

Pores in a solid can effectively reduce thermal conduction, but they are not favored in thermoelectric materials due to simultaneous deterioration of electrical conductivity. Conceivably, creating a porous structure may endow thermoelectric performance enhancement provided that overwhelming reduction of electrical conductivity can be suppressed. This work demonstrates such an example, in which a porous structure is formed leading to a significant enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). By a unique BiI3 sublimation technique, pore networks can be introduced into tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13‐based materials, accompanied by changes in their hierarchical structures. The addition of a small quantity of BiI3 (0.7 vol%) results in a ≈72% reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity, whereas the electrical conductivity is improved due to unexpected enhanced carrier mobility. As a result, an enhanced zT of 1.15 at 723 K in porous tetrahedrite and a high conversion efficiency of 6% at ΔT = 419 K in a fabricated segmented single‐leg based on this porous material are achieved. This work offers an effective way to concurrently modulate the electrical and thermal properties during the synthesis of high‐performance porous thermoelectric materials.
Aqueous Microlenses for Localized Collection and Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Gaseous Molecules
Authors: Kim Yun‐Tae , Kim Daeik , Park Sanghwan , Zhexembekova Anar , Byeon Mirang , Hong Tae Eun , Lee Jongwon , Lee Chang Young
Published: September 2021

Raman spectroscopy of gaseous molecules has been challenging, requiring complicated experimental procedures and peripheral devices for concentrating the analytes. Here, Raman spectroscopy of gaseous molecules at parts‐per‐billion (ppb) levels is demonstrated using aqueous microlenses of LiCl solution that spontaneously absorb water‐soluble gas molecules from the environment. The lenses are easily formed by filling the microwells of an elastomeric stamp with an aqueous solution of LiCl and stamping onto a substrate. Because LiCl is hygroscopic, the aqueous lenses maintain their liquid states under various ambient conditions. Gaseous molecules in the air dissolve in the aqueous microlens and can be identified based on their Raman fingerprints. Lowering the humidity causes the aqueous lens to transition into a salt crystal, while preserving the dissolved molecules within the crystal and facilitating the long‐term storage and analysis of gaseous analytes. By forming the aqueous microlenses on a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, 800 ppb dimethyl methylphosphonate, a nerve agent simulant, is detected in a collection time of only 5 s. Aqueous microlenses that are responsive to the chemical environment are useful for analyzing various water‐soluble gaseous molecules and therefore have broad implications for healthcare, food safety, and environmental‐monitoring applications.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Indolin‐3‐Ones via a [3+3] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Huang Lang , Yao Zhenyu , Huang Guanghua , Ao Yaqi , Zhu Bin , Li Sanshu , Cui Xiuling
Published: September 2021

A formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of azaoxyallyl cations and isatogens generated in situ from α‐halo hydroxamates and o‐nitroalkynes, respectively, was developed. The cycloisomerization of the o‐nitroalkynes, followed by base‐mediated elimination of hydrogen halide and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the azaoxyallyl cations with the isatogen intermediates, were hallmarks of this one‐pot tandem reaction. A series of tricyclic fused indolin‐3‐ones were obtained under very mild reaction conditions with high atom economy, and the reaction exhibited excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, the reaction was highly scalable to multigram quantities. The obtained indolin‐3‐ones exhibited robust DNA staining patterns in agarose gel electrophoresis. Coupled with the fluorescence properties of the products, these results highlight the potential utility of tricyclic fused indolin‐3‐ones in various fluorescence and cell‐staining applications.

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Polymersome Nanoreactor‐Mediated Combination Chemodynamic‐Immunotherapy via ROS Production and Enhanced STING Activation
Authors: Zhou Qinghao , Wang Yuheng , Li Xiang , Lu Nannan , Ge Zhishen
Published: September 2021

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation by STING agonists has been recognized as one of important immunotherapy strategies. However, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment always hinders the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, ferrocene‐containing polymersome nanoreactors are engineered by co‐loading glucose oxidase (GOD) and STING agonist, symmetry‐linked amidobenzimidazole (DiABZI), for enhanced STING activation and combination chemodynamic‐immunotherapy. After intravenous injection, the polymersomes can accumulate in tumor tissues. The tumor acidity‐triggered polymersome membrane permeability allows the entrance of tumoral glucose and oxygen for H2O2 production by GOD, which is further transformed into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) under the catalysis of ferrocene moieties. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on •OH can induce efficient cellular apoptosis and release of fragmented DNA and tumor‐associated antigens to promote endogenous STING activation and reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Simultaneously, pH‐responsive release of DiABZI activates STING pathway to elicit antitumor immune responses. Therefore, DiABZI and CDT synergistically enhance the antitumor immunity via combination chemodynamic‐immunotherapy. The primary tumors are completely ablated and the growth of distant tumors that are established after treatment is also suppressed efficiently. The polymersome nanoreactor‐mediated chemodynamic‐immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy toward primary solid and metastatic tumors.
Genetically Engineered Cellular Membrane Vesicles as Tailorable Shells for Therapeutics
Authors: Ren En , Liu Chao , Lv Peng , Wang Junqing , Liu Gang
Published: September 2021

Benefiting from the blooming interaction of nanotechnology and biotechnology, biosynthetic cellular membrane vesicles (Bio‐MVs) have shown superior characteristics for therapeutic transportation because of their hydrophilic cavity and hydrophobic bilayer structure, as well as their inherent biocompatibility and negligible immunogenicity. These excellent cell‐like features with specific functional protein expression on the surface can invoke their remarkable ability for Bio‐MVs based recombinant protein therapy to facilitate the advanced synergy in poly‐therapy. To date, various tactics have been developed for Bio‐MVs surface modification with functional proteins through hydrophobic insertion or multivalent electrostatic interactions. While the Bio‐MVs grow through genetically engineering strategies can maintain binding specificity, sort orders, and lead to strict information about artificial proteins in a facile and sustainable way. In this progress report, the most current technology of Bio‐MVs is discussed, with an emphasis on their multi‐functionalities as “tailorable shells” for delivering bio‐functional moieties and therapeutic entities. The most notable success and challenges via genetically engineered tactics to achieve the new generation of Bio‐MVs are highlighted. Besides, future perspectives of Bio‐MVs in novel bio‐nanotherapy are provided.
Women agricultural economists in federal agencies: Making a difference
Authors: Evans Katherine Smith , Bohman Mary
Published: September 2021

This article summarizes the substantial contribution of federal women agricultural economists in producing unique research reliant on restricted federal data; the female economist‐led expansion of Economic Research Service (ERS) and other research programs into new, contemporary areas beyond production agriculture; the development of data on contemporary issues; and the widely distributed explosion of new work in those new areas enabled by access to ERS data and resources to researchers outside the agency. Important facilitation by ascendant female leadership in ERS and other government agencies is emphasized.
Near‐surface soil property changes affected by management practices in a long‐term, wheat–soybean, double‐crop system
Authors: Morrison Machaela , Brye Kristofor
Published: September 2021

Long‐term agricultural sustainability and productivity are controlled by the integrative effects of different management practices on the soil. Many Arkansas producers use the double‐crop system to grow soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agricultural management practices (including residue level, tillage, irrigation, and burning) and soil depth on the change in various soil properties from 2010 to 2020 in a long‐term, wheat–soybean, double‐crop system on a silt‐loam soil (Glossaquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Soil nutrients tended to accumulate over time, the most in the top 10 cm, whereas soil nutrient contents in the 10‐to‐20‐cm depth interval tended to not significantly change over time. Soil bulk density (BD) generally decreased across all treatments over time. Soil organic matter (SOM) content increased under all treatment combinations by 0.097 kg ha−1. Soil BD decreased and SOM numerically increased the most in the no‐tillage/no‐burn treatment in the top 10 cm of the soil. Total C was 9.2 times greater, whereas total N was 48 times greater in the top 10 cm of the soil. Soil pH was 1.9 times greater under irrigation than under nonirrigated treatments. Quantifying changes in soil‐properties over time will help producers to better understand the long‐term effects of various residue and water management practices and to find reasonable, more sustainable alternative practices.
Paleohistology of the Cretaceous resin‐producing conifer Geinitzia reichenbachii using X‐ray synchrotron microtomography
Authors: Moreau Jean‐David , Philippe Marc , Néraudeau Didier , Dépré Eric , Le Couls Matthieu , Fernandez Vincent , Beurel Simon
Published: September 2021

Premise

The conifer Geinitzia reichenbachii was a common member of the Cretaceous Laurasian floras. However, the histology of G. reichenbachii leafy axes was never described in detail, and our knowledge of its paleoecology remains very limited. Using new and exquisitely preserved silicified material from the Upper Cretaceous of western France, we describe G. reichenbachii from the gross morphology to the cellular scale, then discuss paleoecological and taphonomical implications.

Methods

We examined specimens from two localities in western France (Claix and Moragne) using propagation phase‐contrast X‐ray synchrotron microtomography.

Results

The cuticle and the inner tissues of leafy axes are preserved in three dimensions. Epidermis, hypodermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma, transfusion tracheids, and most of tissues of the vascular cylinder are clearly discernible. The numerous resin ducts are sometimes filled by persisting resin. Additionally, surfaces of some leaves preserved drops and flows of resin.

Conclusions

Depositional environmental context combined with histological features of G. reichenbachii suggest that this conifer was adapted to a range of marginal‐littoral ecosystems including those open to the sea paleoenvironments and innermost ones influenced by strong continental inputs. Geinitzia reichenbachii was adapted to withstand intense sunlight, hot temperatures coupled with salty sea wind, and dry conditions. The frequent amber‐bearing beds in the Cretaceous from western France with Geinitzia as a main component of the associated floras raises the possibility of a role for Geinitzia in the production of the “Charentese amber”.
Generation of Coumarin‐3‐Carboxamides From Coumarin‐3‐Carboxylic Acids and Tetraalkylthiuram Disulfides Catalyzed by Copper Salts
Authors: Wang Longfei , Ding SongShuang , Shen Hongtao , Wang Yiying , Hao Shuai , Yin Guangting , Qiu Jianhua , Lin Beisen , Wu Zhiyong , Zhao Mingqin
Published: September 2021

Amidation reactions of coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids under mild conditions have been demonstrated in this work. Tetraalkylthiuram disulfides are utilized as the amidation reagents. This protocol is compatible with a variety of electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing functional groups and provides an attractive strategy for the preparation of coumarin‐3‐carboxamides in moderate to good yields.
The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on Australian domestic and family violence services and their clients
Authors: Carrington Kerry , Morley Christine , Warren Shane , Ryan Vanessa , Ball Matthew , Clarke Jo , Vitis Laura
Published: September 2021

During the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, reports emerged that lockdowns were increasing the prevalence of domestic and family violence (DFV) in Australia and across the world. The lockdowns and restrictions were necessary to contain the pandemic. However, leaders in the domestic family violence sector expressed concerns early during 2020 that these lockdowns would lead to the escalation of domestic and family violence. Calling it a shadow pandemic, the United Nations Secretary‐General urged all governments to prioritise the prevention of violence against women in their national response plan for COVID‐19. To gain some insight into the Australian context, a Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Centre for Justice research team conducted a nationwide survey to assess the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on DFV services and their clients. Findings based on survey data from 362 participants from the DFV sector, including 1,507 qualitative responses, confirm the concerns raised early in the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article provides an overview of the survey results, discusses the findings in the light of national international research and highlights the resources needed to strengthen the DFV sector in the future.
Siloxy Esters as Traceless Activators of Carboxylic Acids: Boron‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Asymmetric Aldol Reaction**
Authors: Fujita Taiki , Yamane Mina , Sameera W. M. C. , Mitsunuma Harunobu , Kanai Motomu
Published: September 2021

The catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction is among the most useful reactions in organic synthesis. Despite the existence of many prominent reports, however, the late‐stage, chemoselective, catalytic, asymmetric aldol reaction of multifunctional substrates is still difficult to achieve. Herein, we identified that in situ pre‐conversion of carboxylic acids to siloxy esters facilitated the boron‐catalyzed direct aldol reaction, leading to the development of carboxylic acid‐selective, catalytic, asymmetric aldol reaction applicable to multifunctional substrates. Combining experimental and computational studies rationalized the reaction mechanism and led to the proposal of Si/B enediolates as the active species. The silyl ester formation facilitated both enolization and catalyst turnover by acidifying the α‐proton of substrates and attenuating poisonous Lewis bases to the boron catalyst.
Printed Nanochain‐Based Colorimetric Assay for Quantitative Virus Detection
Authors: Zhang Zeying , Wang Huadong , Su Meng , Sun Yali , Tan Shuang‐Jie , Ponkratova Ekaterina , Zhao Maoxiong , Wu Dongdong , Wang Keyu , Pan Qi , Chen Bingda , Zuev Dmitry , Song Yanlin
Published: September 2021

Fast and ultrasensitive detection of pathogens is very important for efficient monitoring and prevention of viral infections. Here, we demonstrate a label‐free optical detection approach that uses a printed nanochain assay for colorimetric quantitative testing of viruses. The antibody‐modified nanochains have high activity and specificity which can rapidly identify target viruses directly from biofluids in 15 min, as well as differentiate their subtypes. Arising from the resonance induced near‐field enhancement, the color of nanochains changes with the binding of viruses that are easily observed by a smartphone. We achieve the detection limit of 1 PFU μL−1 through optimizing the optical response of nanochains in visible region. Besides, it allows for real‐time response to virus concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.0×105 PFU mL−1. This low‐cost and portable platform is also applicable to rapid detection of other biomarkers, making it attractive for many clinical applications.
Functional Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework as a New Class of Heterogeneous Halogen‐Bond‐Donor Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Nafady Ayman , Shan Chuan , Wojtas Lukasz , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Cheng Qigan , Zhang X. Peter , Ma Shengqian
Published: September 2021

Biomimetic metal‐organic frameworks have attracted great attention as they can be used as bio‐inspired models, allowing us to gain important insights into how large biological molecules function as catalysts. In this work, we report the synthesis and utilization of such a metal‐metalloporphyrin framework (MMPF) that is constructed from a custom‐designed ligand as an efficient halogen bond donor catalyst for Diels–Alder reactions under ambient conditions. The implementation of fabricated halogen bonding capsule as binding pocket with high‐density C−Br bonds enabled the use of halogen bonding to facilitate organic transformations in their three‐dimensional cavities. Through combined experimental and computational studies, we showed that the substrate molecules diffuse through the pores of the MMPF, establishing a host‐guest system via the C−Br⋅⋅⋅π interaction. The formation of halogen bonds is a plausible explanation for the observed boosted catalytic efficiency in Diels–Alder reactions. Moreover, the unique capability of MMPF highlights new opportunities in using artificial non‐covalent binding pockets as highly tunable and selective catalytic materials.
Chiral Selectivity of Secondary Nucleation in Amyloid Fibril Propagation
Authors: Törnquist Mattias , Linse Sara
Published: September 2021

Chirality is a fundamental feature of asymmetric molecules and of critical importance for intermolecular interactions. The growth of amyloid fibrils displays a strong enantioselectivity, which is manifested as elongation through the addition of monomers of the same, but not opposite, chirality as the parent aggregate. Here we ask whether also secondary nucleation on the surface of amyloid fibrils, of relevance for toxicity, is governed by the chirality of the nucleating monomers. We use short amyloid peptides (Aβ20‐34 and IAPP20‐29) with all residues as L‐ or all D‐enantiomer in self and cross‐seeding experiments with low enough seed concentration that any acceleration of fibril formation is dominated by secondary nucleation. We find a strong enantio‐specificity of this auto‐catalytic process with secondary nucleation being observed in the self‐seeding experiments only. The results highlight a role of secondary nucleation in strain propagation.
Partitioning, solubility and solubilization of limonene into water or short‐chain phosphatidylcholine solutions
Authors: Karman Andrew P. , Ebeler Susan E. , Nitin Nitin , Dungan Stephanie R.
Published: September 2021

Using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS–SPME), equilibrium distributions could be determined for hydrophobic solutes in closed systems containing vapor and aqueous solution, either in the absence or presence of two short‐chain phospholipids, dihexanoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (diC6PC) and diheptanoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (diC7PC). Without phospholipid, HS–SPME with short extraction times was used to measure water–vapor partition coefficients for d‐limonene at five temperatures within 15–40°C, with results in good agreement with existing literature. The temperature dependence of yielded the enthalpy of volatilization 34.5 kJ/mol for limonene. At 25°C, solubility values for d‐limonene, 1‐octanol, and n‐decane were obtained using similar measurements above aqueous solutions of various solute concentrations. Short‐time HS–SPME extraction of limonene in closed vials containing diC6PC or diC7PC micelles was also used to evaluate distributions of solute between vapor, aqueous dissolution, and micelles, for various surfactant concentrations at 15–40°C. Resulting vapor phase concentrations were analyzed using a mass balance and measured values, to obtain micelle–water partition coefficients and critical micelle concentrations. in diC6PC solutions (1–2 mM−1) weakly increased with temperature, but decreased significantly with increased temperature for diC7PC micelles (2–4 mM−1). Solubilization in short‐chain PC micelles has previously received little attention, and our results show that the extent of partitioning into these diacyl (i.e., two‐tailed) lipids is comparable to that for single‐tailed anionic or nonionic surfactants.
Influence of starch nanocrystals on sisal fiber/starch composites compatibilized by glutaraldehyde
Authors: Chang Yao , Luo Jingqi , Ma Huihuang , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: September 2021

Sisal fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS) composites with excellent properties have been widely used in agriculture, packaging, and other fields. In this work, a new type of sisal/starch composite was prepared by torque rheologic melting and a hot pressing process successively, improving the compatibility between sisal fibers and TPS. The additives of glutaraldehyde and starch nanocrystals played an important role in improving the properties of the composites. They not only improved their surface smoothness, uniformity, compatibility, and interfacial adhesion strength but also promoted the mechanical properties that was because the interaction between the matrix and fibers was formed to effectively promote stress dispersion and share the load to enhance the deformation ability. These additives also promoted the cross‐linking function of the composites and reduced the number of hydroxyl groups on their surface, decreasing the moisture absorption rate. After cross‐linking with these compatibilizers, the hydrophobicity of the composites improved, decreasing their water vapor permeability.
Longitudinal observation of insulin secretory ability before and after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced diabetes mellitus: A report of two cases
Authors: Fujiwara Noriko , Watanabe Mayu , Katayama Akihiro , Noda Yohei , Eguchi Jun , Kataoka Hitomi , Kagawa Shunsuke , Wada Jun
Published: September 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced diabetes mellitus is a rare immune‐related adverse event. This report illustrates clinical data and insulin secretory ability before and after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced diabetes.
Fluorimetric Readout of Ion Selective Electrode Signals Operating under Chronopotentiometric Conditions
Authors: Kalisz Justyna , Węgrzyn Katarzyna , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata
Published: September 2021

The applicability of emission readout of ion‐selective electrodes, containing fluorimetrically active polyoctylthiophene in the membrane, operating under chronopotentiometric mode was studied. The electrochemical and optical signals were collected in the same experiment and compared. In both modes a change in recorded signal: potential or emission in time was observed while a constant current was applied to the sensor. The recorded signals (chronopotentiometric, fluoro‐chronopotentiometric curves and calculated transition times) were dependent on the concentration of potassium ions. The transition times calculated from electrochemical signals were linearly dependent on the concentration of potassium ions in solution within the range: 0.1–0.7 mM. Optically read transition times were also linearly dependent on concentration within the same range, however, they were shorter than those recorded electrochemically. This difference is attributed to various effects represented by the transition time: concentration increase of reduced form of the conducting polymer in the optical mode or depletion of potassium ions close to the membrane surface, in the electrochemical mode.