bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of paranasal sinus drainage with nasal catheter in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Authors:   Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, 121359, Russia, Gorbunov S. A. , Rusetskii Yu. Yu. ,   Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, 121359, Russia,   National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, 119296, Russia, Kudryashov S. E. ,   Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, 121359, Russia, Pligina E. N. ,   V. V. Banykin Togliatti City Clinical Hospital No 2, Togliatti, 445020, Russia, Lapina Yu. S. ,   V. V. Banykin Togliatti City Clinical Hospital No 2, Togliatti, 445020, Russia
Published: June 2022

There are various ways to treat acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), the main one being systemic antibiotic therapy (SAB), which seems logical today. However, the role of the method of active noninvasive drainage of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) with a nasal catheter (NC) in the treatment of this disease is not yet completely clear. Based on the pathogenesis of acute sinusitis, there are good reasons to use it as a possible treatment option. However, clinical studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of the method. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of drainage of the paranasal sinuses with a nasal catheter in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Materials and methods. Adult patients with ABRS were divided into 2 groups of 50 people. In the first group, SAB, irrigation of the nasal mucosa with saline, and intranasal decongestants were prescribed, in the second group, in addition to similar treatment, the procedure for draining PNS using NC was performed. The quality of life and the severity of sinonasal symptoms were assessed using the SNOT-16; the severity of the endoscopic picture, according to the modified Lund–Kennedy score (m-LK). In addition, in the second group, complications, duration of manipulation, and pain during the procedure were assessed according to the VAS (visual analogue scale). Results. The use of NC statistically significantly (p < 0.05) reduces the severity of the disease according to the SNOT-16 and on the m-LK score on days 5–6 relative to treatment without NC, although this decrease is small. More long-term results in the groups do not differ (p > 0.05). In the second group, facial pain stopped faster than in the first group (p < 0.05). The severity of pain during the procedure with a catheter was 2,0 [1,0; 3,0] points, the procedure time was 12,0 [12,0; 13,0] minutes, complications were observed in 12% of cases. Conclusion. Treatment of OBRS with SAB in combination with NC is effective, well tolerated as well as relatively safe, but it does not affect the outcome of the disease compared to treatment with antibiotics alone. Given the effectiveness of the NC procedure with respect to facial pain, this procedure is indicated as an adjunct to the SAB in the presence of this symptom.
Surgical outcomes of intratemporal neurogenic facial nerve tumors
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia, Diab Kh. M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Daikhes N. A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Balakina L. V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia, Kondratchikov D. S. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia, Pashchinina O. A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia, Panina O. S. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia
Published: June 2022

Objectives. To describe surgical outcomes of neurogenic facial nerve tumors (NFNT). Patients and methods. The study included 18 patients with intratemporal NFNT, 12 women and 6 men. The average age was 41,4 ± 18,9 years (range from 3 to 66 years). To assess the facial nerve (FN) function, a 6-step House–Brackmann scale was used. Tumors were removed mainly by the transmastoid route. The translabyrinthine approach was performed in the case of a labyrinth segment of the FN involved. Two patients underwent a combined transmastoid-middle fossa approach in the case of tumor spreading into the middle cranial fossa. Facial nerve reconstruction performed by end-to-end neurorrhaphy or with the sural nerve autograft in the case of a nerve deficiency. Recurrence or continued tumor growth was monitored by contrast-enhanced MRI at the last visit. Results. The most common tumor lesions were the mastoidal (66,7%) and tympanic (55,6%) segments of the FN. Multiple-segment involvement was in 10 cases (55,6%). All patients were admitted for surgical treatment with signs of paresis of mimic muscles of II–VI degree. Improvement of the FN function was achieved in 10 patients (55,6%), in 5 cases with n.suralis autograft. In 6 cases (33,3%), the FN function remained to the preoperative level, in 3 of them, with the use of an autograft. The FN function downgraded in 2 cases (11,1%) without FN reconstruction. Recurrence or continued growth of the residual tumor was detected in 2 patients (11,1%). Hearing improvement was achieved in 12 cases (66,7%), hearing decrease was obtained in 2 cases (11,1%), in 4 cases hearing remained at the preoperative level (22,2%). Conclusion. Surgical approach should be adequate to the spread of the tumor process and consider the possibility of hearing preservation. When the geniculate node and the labyrinth segment of the FN are involved, it is advisable to use access through the middle cranial fossa with socially adequate hearing. Timely and adequate surgical treatment allows maintaining or improving the function of the facial nerve in most cases (88,9%).
Auditory function of premature infants of different gestational ages during first year of life
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Ishanova Yu. S. , D’yakonova I. N. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Rakhmanova I. V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Bogomil’skii M. R. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Shelamova V. N. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
Published: June 2022

The frequency of the birth of premature babies is increasing every year; respectively, the quality and provision of care to such children are improving. Objective. To trace the dynamics of objective indicators of the functional state of the auditory analyzer during the first year of life in premature infants with different gestation periods in order to identify numerical values characterizing the functioning of the auditory analyzer in the first year of life in premature infants. Patients and methods. During the work, the auditory response was analyzed during the first year of life in 291 premature babies, of which 150 children with a gestation period of less than 28 weeks, 52 children born with a gestation period of 29 to 31 completed weeks, 47 children with a gestation period of 32 to full 34 weeks, 41 children with a gestational age of 35 to 36 weeks. The study was conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Audiological studies were carried out on the Eclipse device (Interacoustics, Denmark) in the state of physiological sleep of the child, ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response), ASSR (Auditory Steady-State Response) were recorded. Among the ABR indicators, the following were processed: threshold values of the V peak, latent values of the III and V peaks, peak-to-peak intervals between the III and V peaks at intensities from the threshold value to 60 dB. When registering ASSR, threshold responses at the tested frequencies and the average response threshold were determined. Results. In the course of the work, it was shown that the average threshold values for all premature babies in one year of life according to ABR data are 22,7 ± 6,3 dB; ASSR, 21,3 ± 5,9 dB.
Vocal folds polyps in voice professionals
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Stepanova Yu. E. , Koren’ E. E. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Gotovyakhina T. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: June 2022

Vocal fold polyps (VFP) are referred to as tumor-like formations of the larynx. They also, like nodules, occur in less than 1% of the population, while the ratio of men and women is 2:1. The voice of patients with VFP is characterized by pronounced dysphonia, which creates significant problems for voice professionals. A change in voice function affects the communicative abilities of patients, psychological status, limits their ability to work. 60 patients with VFP who applied to the phoniatric department of the Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose, and Speech were examined: 34 (57%) women and 26 (43%) men, aged 20 to 61 years, the average age of patients was 33,8 ± 1,7 years. All patients were representatives of voice professions. The main complaint in all patients with polyps of the vocal folds was hoarseness. The duration of vocal disorders in 40 (67%) patients with VFP ranged from 1 month to 1 year. The rest of the patients suffered from dysphonia for more than a year. The average duration of phonation disturbance was 1,6 ± 0,7 years. The main cause of voice problems was considered by patients to be excessive voice use. When collecting anamnesis, it turned out that 35 (58%) people smoked. The analysis of concomitant diseases according to the anamnesis and the documentation provided by the patients revealed somatic pathology in all patients. Diseases of the gastroduodenal, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems were more common than others. Laryngeal diseases were diagnosed by video laryngoscopy, video laryngostroboscopy. Unilateral localization of the formation was detected in 58 (97%) cases, bilateral, in 2 (3%) cases. The background condition for the formation of VFP was hypotension of the vocal folds in 26 (43%) of the examined. In addition, signs of chronic laryngitis, nodules of the vocal folds on the vocal fold opposite to the polyp, hypertrophy, and hyperfunction of the vestibular folds were revealed. Thus, excessive voice use, pathological changes in the vocal apparatus, nervous, endocrine, gastroduodenal, and other systems as well as smoking contributed to the formation of vocal fold polyps in voice professionals.
Case report of removal of radicular cyst of upper jaw with one-stage surgical correction of nasal cavity structures
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Voronov A. V. , Isachenko V. S. ,   Saint Petersburg Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Il’yasov D. M. ,   Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russia, Shafigullin A. V. ,   Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russia
Published: June 2022

A radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst. It gets its development from the periapical focus of infection that arose against the background of a complicated course of dental caries. In clinical practice, odontogenic cysts must be differentiated from other neoplasms of the maxillofacial region. One of the radiological signs of an odontogenic cyst is the presence of a bone shell with radiolucent contents. As a rule, the clinical manifestations of a radicular cyst are scanty, and the diagnosis is made on the basis of an X-ray examination, being an accidental finding. The article presents a clinical case of a radicular cyst of the upper jaw that grows into the maxillary sinus and pushes the lower wall of the sinus without violating its integrity. The cyst turned out to be an accidental finding during examination by an otorhinolaryngologist. The patient complained about the discharge of their nasal cavity, difficult nasal breathing. After performing computed tomography and joint examination of the patient by an otorhinolaryngologist and a maxillofacial surgeon, the diagnosis was formulated: curvature of the nasal septum, vasomotor rhinitis, radicular cyst of the right maxillary sinus from the 26th tooth. After the diagnosis and comprehensive assessment of the oral cavity and paranasal sinuses, surgical treatment was performed jointly by an otorhinolaryngologist and a maxillofacial surgeon with a satisfactory result. This case is of particular clinical interest in the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist and a maxillofacial surgeon preparing for dental implantological treatment of the oral cavity.
Clinical case of acute adenotonsillitis and purulent thyroiditis complicated by neck phlegmon in a patient with unrecognized thyroid cancer
Authors:   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia, Mashkova T. A. , Korotkikh N. N. ,   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia,   Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital No 1, Voronezh, 394066, Russia, Stepanov I. V. ,   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia,   Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital No 1, Voronezh, 394066, Russia, Mal’tsev A. B. ,   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia,   Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital No 1, Voronezh, 394066, Russia, Shaposhnikova I. V. ,   Voronezh Regional Pathological Anatomical Bureau, Voronezh, 394066, Russia, Gievskaya I. V. ,   Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital No 1, Voronezh, 394066, Russia, Milakova A. S. ,   Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University ,  Voronezh, 394036, Russia
Published: June 2022

Phlegmon of the neck is one of the most severe variants of soft tissue suppurations encountered in the practice of otorhinolaryngologists, maxillofacial and thoracic surgeons. Currently, the clinical course of purulent-inflammatory processes in the neck has changed markedly. According to many authors, the number of patients with atypical course of purulent-inflammatory diseases has increased. Along with the appearance of sluggish forms leading to a chronic process, the number of locally advanced cases of the disease has increased. Among the purulent complications of inflammatory diseases, phlegmonous processes of the pharynx and neck occupy a special place. Unlike paratonsillar and pharyngeal abscesses, the diagnosis and treatment of which do not cause any particular difficulties, recognition of these processes in the initial stage is not always possible, and their localization in the vicinity of the larynx, great vessels of the neck, and mediastinum poses a danger to the life of patients. We present our own clinical observation of acute adenotonsillitis and purulent thyroiditis complicated by neck phlegmon with unrecognized thyroid cancer in a 33-year-old young man.
Gender assessment of poultry waste utilisation among small-scale poultry farmers in Osun State, Nigeria: Exploring the untapped potentials
Authors:   Obafemi Awolowo University, Faborode HFB
Published: June 2022

Many researchers have worked on management of waste for sustainable livestock farming. However, focusing on gender in relation to the potentials of the enormous waste has not received adequate attention. Thus, this study focused on gender assessment of poultry waste utilisation in order to explore its potentials for promoting gender equity in rural livelihood options. The paper describes the socio-economic characteristics of male and female poultry farmers, identifies the waste and their uses, examines farmers’ awareness of the uses, utilisation of poultry waste and explores its potentials across countries. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select small-scale poultry farmers from two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Osun State based on the preponderance of poultry farms in the area. Snowball sampling technique was used to locate 120 poultry farmers and 20 key informants. Secondary data, interview schedule and guide were used for data collection. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed among others that more male were involved in poultry production with small holding flock size. Both male and female farmers had high awareness on the uses of poultry waste, yet utilisation was low. The results of Chi-square analysis showed that sex (χ2 = 49.27; df = 1), level of education (χ2 = 5.853; df = 2) and primary occupation (χ2 = 121.181; df = 5) were related to poultry waste utilisation while years of experience (r=0.654), flock size (r=0.372), farmers’ age (r=-0.365) and income from poultry production (r=-0.237) were significantly related to poultry waste utilisation. Significant difference (F = 8.893; df = 1; p<0.05) exists between male and female levels of poultry waste utilisation. It was concluded that utilisation of poultry waste by male and female farmers was low despite its enormous potentials. Therefore, training intervention with gender consideration is imperative to enhance poultry waste utilization. Key words: Small-scale farmers, poultry waste, utilisation, gender equity, potentials, livelihood options
Allelopathic sorghum aqueous root extracts inhibit germination and seedling growth of crops and weeds
Authors:   University of Fort Hare, Tibugari H , Chiduza C
Published: June 2022

Allelopathic sorghum aqueous extracts can be used as sprays against weeds of arable lands. Water-soluble allelochemicals in the aqueous extracts may also negatively affect crops. Root aqueous extracts from the South African landrace sorghum IS9456 and the Botswanan commercial variety Mahube, with high (584.69 µg mg-1 root fresh weight) and low (17.38 µg mg-1 root fresh weight) sorgoleone contents respectively, were tested on germination, radicle length, plumule length and dry weight of goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn], blackjack [Bidens pilosa (L.)], maize [Zea mays (L.)], soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]. Factors in five glasshouse experiments were the two sorghum varieties and four root extract solutions (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%) (w/v) arranged in a randomised complete block design with six replications. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of variety and root aqueous extract on germination, radicle length, plumule length and dry weight of maize and on germination of wheat and goosegrass. The sorghum accession IS9456 significantly (P<0.05) reduced plumule length and dry weight of wheat and goosegrass and germination, plumule length and dry weight of soya bean and blackjack compared to Mahube. Increasing strength of root aqueous extract solution significantly (P<0.001) reduced plumule length and dry weight of wheat and goosegrass as well as germination and dry weight of soya bean and blackjack. Extracts from IS9456 had greater inhibitory effects on crop and weed germination and growth compared to those from Mahube. Due to its low sorgoleone content and weak weed suppression from its root aqueous extracts, Mahube may have low potential for use in allelopathic weed control. The sorghum accession IS9456, which also produces very high sorgoleone content, may be used in integrated weed management exploiting allelopathy from both sorgoleone and water-soluble allelochemicals, although farmers will have to be careful in terms of crop rotations since the aqueous extracts also inhibit germination and growth of some crops. Field studies may be required to further confirm allelopathic effects of root aqueous extracts from IS9456. Key words: sorghum allelopathy, aqueous extracts, germination, growth, maize, soya bean, goose grass, blackjack
Antigenotoxicity and antioxidant activities of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina del.) accessions from different parts of Nigeria
Authors:   Delta State University, Eraga LI , Aganbi E , Anigboro AA , Asagba SO , Tonukari NJ
Published: June 2022

Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) plant is a tree species that is highly cultivated in Nigeria for its nutritive and therapeutic values. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antigenotoxicity effects (in vitro) of 52 accessions of V. amygdalina collected from six geopolitical zones of Nigeria (North East, North West, North Central, South South, East and West) by evaluating the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO-) scavenging antioxidant activities, flavonoid and phenolic contents as well as ethidium bromide-induced DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage of bitter leaf. The results showed that accessions MN628016 (Oshimili South, Delta State) and MN628010 (Akoko Edo, Edo State), respectively had higher amounts of flavonoid (287.19 mg/g/FW) and phenolic (307.90 mg/g/FW) contents. The accessions MN627984 (Ikpoba Okha, Edo State) and MN627975 (Owerri, Imo State) had the highest nitric oxide (85.73%) and DPPH radical scavenging inhibitory effect (98.92%). The highest percentage fragmented DNA (45.05%), was observed in Allium cepa roots homogenised and mixed with ethidium bromide followed by the A. cepa roots homogenised and mixed with the leaf extract of V. amygdalina accession MN627977 (36.12%). However, V. amygdalina accessions MN628008 (457.62%, Warri North, Delta State) had the highest percentage increase of fragmented DNA followed by MN628024 (395.04%, Oshimili North, Delta State), MN628015 (345.54%; Aniocha North, Delta State) and MN627984 (342.04%; Ikpoba Okha, Edo State) while accession MN628010 (7.32%; Akoko Edo, Edo State) had the lowest. Accession MN628010 which possessed the highest amount of phenolic content had the lowest percentage increase of fragmented DNA and accession MN627984 which possessed the highest nitric oxide radical scavenging inhibitory effect was among the accessions with the highest percentage increase of fragmented DNA. The findings of this study suggest that the observed lowest percentage of fragmented DNA of A. cepa roots growth induced with the solution of ethidium bromide and treated with V. amygdalina accessions MN628010 extracts (antigenotoxic) could be as a result of the high antioxidant activities in the V. amygdalina accessions. In summary, the findings of this study showed that the 52 V. amygdalina accessions obtained from different locations of Nigeria will help to combat ethidium bromide induced genoxicities and any other genotoxicant that may lead to different complications in plant (A. cepa roots), as all the accessions possessed antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties, as such, possessed comparable amount of natural antioxidant activities and antigenotoxicity. Key words: Antioxidant, antigenotoxicity, bitter leaf, accessions, ethidium bromide, Allium cepa
Chronic undernutrition and adolescent school performance in central Ethiopia
Authors:   University of Florida, Mechlowitz K , Roba KT ,   Haramaya University, Feye A , Laytner L , McKune SL
Published: June 2022

Chronic undernutrition among adolescents in developing countries has been identified as a major public health issue. Previous research has found associations between chronic undernutrition and academic performance outcomes in adolescents. There is need for localized research focusing on nutritional status and its association with educational outcomes among adolescents in different areas of Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to examine whether chronic undernutrition (stunting) in adolescents in Ethiopia was correlated with various school performance outcomes. This study was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted in North Shewa zone, Ethiopia. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The researchers conducted multivariable linear regression analyses to investigate the relationship between stunting and four school performance outcomes, which included grade 8 Ministry exam score, all-subjects average score, English score, and Math score. The prevalence of stunting in this sample was 11%. After adjusting for all other variables in the model, stunting was positively associated with the grade eight Ministry exam score (β = -4.96; 95% [CI -7.68, -2.25]; p < 0.001). In the multivariate analyses, sex (being female) was significantly associated with the grade eight Ministry exam score (β = -2.08; 95% CI [-3.81, -0.35]; p = 0.019 ), the all-subjects average score (β = -3.97; 95% CI [-5.51, -2.43]; p < 0.001), English score (β = -3.72; 95% CI [-5.60, -1.84]; p < 0 .001), and Math score (β = -4.87; 95% CI [-7.02, -2.72]; p < 0.001). Residence (living in a rural area) was significantly associated with all-subjects average score (β = -3.93; 95% CI [-5.81, -2.06]; p < 0.001), English score (β = -2.65; 95% CI [-4.94, -0.35]; p = 0.024), and Math score (β = -3.86; 95% CI [-6.50, -1.22]; p = 0.004). Maternal education (grade 1-8) was significantly associated with English score (β = 5.46; 95% CI [1.31, 9.62]; p = 0.010) and Math score (β = 4.78; 95% CI [0.03, 9.53]; p = 0.049). These findings indicate that further research focusing on adolescent chronic undernutrition and educational outcomes as well as why chronic undernutrition is associated with certain performance outcomes and not others is needed before definitive conclusions can be made. Positive changes in child growth later in a child’s life may have important implications for cognition. Key words: Adolescent health, Central Ethiopia, undernutrition, stunting, academic performance
Phytochemical composition of four selected vegetable spices commonly consumed in Malawi
Authors:   Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Chatepa LEC , Masamba KG , Ngwira A , Kumwenda FD , Munthali E
Published: June 2022

Spices, regardless of source, play an important role in enhancing or improving flavor of foods or dishes. In this study, determination of phytochemical composition with respect to total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and vitamin C was conducted in four selected vegetable spices consumed in Malawi, namely Allium cepa L, Allium sativum L, green bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and Zingiber officinale. Results showed that total phenolic composition, in mg GAE/100 g, was highest in Zingiber officinale rhizomes (326.5±0.39) followed by Allium cepa L. (169.7±0.00), green bell pepper (124.9±0.20) and Allium sativum L. (72.72±0.39), respectively. Results further showed that Zingiber officinale had the highest antioxidant capacity and reducing power and the lowest vitamin C content, in the range of 21.78±0.21 mg AAE/100 g, 24.35±2.24 mg AAE/g and 3.61±0.23 mg AAE/100 g, respectively compared to the other vegetable spices. On the other hand, vitamin C content was highest in Allium sativum L followed by red Allium cepa L registering values of 455.0±2.12 and 443.4±2.50 mg AAE/100 g, respectively. The reducing power (in mg AAE/g) of the vegetable spices was highest in green bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) with the value of 17.11±1.549 followed by red Allium cepa L. (9.519±0.860) and Allium sativum L. (5.922±0.778), respectively. Total tannins content, in mg TAE/g, was highest in Allium sativum L, which registered the value of 159.56±4.84 followed by Zingiber officinale (91.53±0.33), bell pepper (79.94±0.21) and Allium cepa L (49.36±1.98). Furthermore, phytic acid and oxalic acid contents were highest in Zingiber officinale registering values of 5.504±0.822 mg/kg and 37.25±2.83 mg/g, respectively. Red Allium cepa L. was found to contain 20.53±0.916 mg/g oxalic acid but had the lowest phytic acid content registering the value of 2.057±0.095 mg/kg. It can be concluded that the high phytochemical composition in the four vegetable spices, with low antinutrients like phytic and oxalic acids, can play an important role in improving human nutrition and health of consumers. Key words: Phytochemicals, Vegetable spices, Antioxidant capacity, Phenolic, Phytic acid, reducing power
Food insecurity, a perceived barrier to healthy eating in the lake Victoria region, Kenya: findings from a qualitative study
Authors:   Egerton University, Korir EC , Tuitoek PJ ,   Murang’a University of Technology, Marais D ,   University of Warwick
Published: June 2022

Consumption of poor-quality diets was noted as prevalent in the Lake Victoria Region, Kenya. As a strategy to communicate desirable change and promote healthy eating in the region, a 30-member panel of policymakers and implementers developed and proposed 12 food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in 2017-2018. The objective of this study was to assess barriers in adopting the proposed FBDGs amongst community members in the lowlands of Kisumu and Homa Bay counties. Qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 72 focus-group discussions (FGD). The FGD was conducted among 216 school going children (10-13y), 216 high school students (15-18y), 207 adult males (26-74y) and 211 females (18-71y). The participants were asked to state whether the proposed FBDGs reflected their daily dietary practices? If the answer was no, the FGD participants were asked to elaborate on the perceived barriers. Each FGD consisted of 8-12 participants. The demographics of FGD participants were collected before the start of FGD sessions. All FGD proceedings were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Demographic information of participants was analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics. The FGD responses were coded and analyzed based on the main code, the barriers. Barriers to healthy eating in the study area were mainly linked to low production of food, food unavailability and inaccessibility. Specific factors which contributed to the food insecurity situation included; dry and sunny weather, seasonality in food availability, limited resources to secure potential farmland with fences, gender influence on land use, high cost of food, lack of money to purchase food, low income, sale of farm produce with resultant inadequate quantities of food consumed and inappropriate meal composition. Food insecurity was a perceived barrier to healthy eating in the lowlands of the Lake Victoria region. This research suggests the need to address food systems and economic structures to improve food production, distribution, accessibility and consumption in the region. Coding was done with the aid of NVivo8 (QSR International Pty Ltd Version 8, 2008). This study was registered with the Kenyan National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI/P/18/12634/22291). Key words: Healthy eating, Lake Victoria, barriers, food insecurity, food unavailability, food inaccessibility
Multimodalidad en carteles preventivos de la salud: una mirada a la estructura del hecho lingüístico y a las formas de transmisión del mensaje
Authors: González Chacón Marcela , Vergara Heidke Adrián , Marroquín Velásquez Lissette
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación se basa en analizar 156 carteles preventivos de la salud pública costarricense, publicados entre 2014-2018, se toman en consideración las características, clasificación y jerarquía de los recursos presentes. El propósito es ahondar en la descripción del género de campañas de salud. Los carteles seleccionados forman parte de los archivos digitales de tres instituciones a cargo de la salud en Costa Rica: el Ministerio de Salud, la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social y el Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia. La pesquisa se realizó por medio del software de análisis cualitativo MAXQDA 2020 y se dividió en tres etapas: recolección del corpus, análisis, y sistematización de los resultados. Para la metodología, se partió del enfoque de multimodalidad de Kress y van Leeuwen (2006) y el de organización del hecho lingüístico de Charaudeau (2004, 2006, 2012). Se concluye que la propuesta de Charaudeau permite clasificar los carteles según la instancia de producción más prolífera y el destinatario meta con mayor relevancia; asimismo que la finalidad es, en la mayoría de los casos, incitar a los destinatarios a llevar a cabo una acción o cambio de conducta, con base en temas relevantes para al ámbito de la salud costarricense actual. Además, de este estudio se deriva la presencia de diferentes modos en los textos y cuáles aparecen repetitivamente; esto indica cuáles son los imperantes para expresar significado. Los resultados demuestran que el modo verbal continúa teniendo un papel dominante en los textos, a pesar de que todos posean un carácter multimodal.
AN EXAMINATION OF THRESHOLD SETTING IN SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MEASUREMENT
Authors: Wang Jianjun
Published: June 2022

Background and Purpose:Thresholds are used by nurses in social emotional screening. A purpose of this study is to examine fluctuation of the threshold pattern in a widely-used instrument, Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Social Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2).Methods:Threshold settings are investigated against an irreversible pattern of child growth from research literature. Empirical studies are conducted on an issue of 6,039 missing cases in the ASQ:SE-2 normative sample that undermines data quality for the cutoff score configuration.Results:A Bayesian estimate has been suggested to improve the threshold at age 3 with an asymptotically unbiased cutoff score. Given the coverage of ASQ:SE-2 for children from less than 6 months to 72 months for mental health referrals, this study is particularly relevant to the practice of social emotional screening performed by pediatric nurses, school nurses, and nurse practitioners at mental health hospitals.Conclusion:To address the violation of Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory in the ASQ:SE-2 threshold settings, consistent statistical imputations are needed to maintain monotonicity of the cutoff score patterns that are aligned with the irreversible trend of child growth, as well as the well-established national standards for missing data examination.
Interaction Between Liquid Lead and FeNi Material Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Ramadhany Feryna , Misto Misto , Mulyono Tri , Hasan Moh.
Published: June 2022

The liquid lead corrosion is often described as a damage of the metal surface due to the high solubility of atoms of the metal that flowing into the liquid metal medium through the diffusion process. This research was conducted to examine the performance of FeNi alloys in liquid lead at various compositions, especially the metal structure conditions due to interactions between metal atoms at high temperatures. To see the performance of this FeNi alloy steel, the parameter that you want to know is the diffusion coefficient of its constituent elements. The potential used is the Lennard-Jones potential. This research uses the LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulation software. From the simulation works can be concluded that the lowest diffusion coefficient of Fe in liquid lead which produces the strongest structure is at the composition (concentration) 65% Fe and 35% Ni with related diffusion coefficient of 5.8582 x 10-12 m2/s, where at this value the corrosion of FeNi in Liquid lead can already be reduced till 77.32%.Keywords: Liquid lead corrosion, Molecular dynamics, FeNi Alloy, Composition, LAMMPS.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Jurnalis Perempuan Ketika Meliput Berita Dalam Aksi Demonstrasi
Authors: Hardiyanti Elma
Published: June 2022

Jurnalis perempuan berpotensi mendapatkan risiko ganda karena posisinya sebagai jurnalis dan juga sebagai perempuan. Ketika meliput berita saat demonstrasi, jurnalis perempuan harus berhadapan secara langsung dengan demonstran dan aparat kepolisian. Selain itu, topik yang akan diberitakan bersifat sensitif sehingga dapat mengancam jurnalis perempuan seperti kekerasan dan pelecehan verbal. Berdasarkan hasil survei AJI Indonesia (2019), pelaku kekerasan terhadap perempuan terbanyak diduduki oleh aparat kepolisian. Berdasarkan persoalan tersebut, ada dua persoalan yang akan dikaji dalam artikel ini. Yang pertama adalah terkait perlindungan jurnalis, dan yang kedua adalah perbandingan mekanisme perlindungan terhadap jurnalis perempuan ketika meliput aksi di beberapa negara. Artikel ini menggunakan jenis penulisan yuridis normatif, yang dibantu dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan perbandingan, dan pendekatan konseptual. Kesimpulan artikel ini menunjukkan jika kebebasan pers di Indonesia, Filipina, dan Australia memiliki perbedaan cukup jauh dengan Belanda dalam upaya memberikan penanganan kasus kejahatan pada jurnalis perempuan walaupun perlindungan hukum tentang pers telah diatur.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Atas Penyalahgunaan Transfer Pricing Untuk Penghindaran Pajak
Authors: Irfan Rafi Muhammad , Suarda I Gede Widhiana , Wildana Dina Tsalist
Published: June 2022

Abstrak

Transfer Pricing kerap digunakan sebagai upaya untuk memperkecil pajak korporasi yang berada dalam satu grup induk dengan menggeser atau merubah harga atau laba antar korporasi. Perbuatan tersebut mengakibatkan berkurangnya penerimaan negara yang berujung pada tindak pidana karena merugikan keuangan negara. Perkembangan dinamika ekonomi dan metode baru untuk memperkecil pajak perusahaan selalu satu langkah di depan dari pada peraturan hukum yang berlaku, disamping itu struktur kepengurusan korporasi yang kompleks terlebih untuk mengambil keputusan penghindaran pajak yang diputuskan secara kolektif menimbulkan pertanyaan siapa yang seharusnya bertanggungjawab, sebab keputusan tersebut untuk dan atas nama kepentingan korporasi bukan individu pengurus. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaturan hukum korporasi sebagai pelaku tindak pidana penghindaran pajak dengan praktik transfer pricing  serta memperjelas konsep pengaruh teori vicarious liability terhadap sanksi pidana korporasi akibat penyalahgunaan transfer pricing untuk menghindari pajak.

Kata Kunci: Transfer Pricing, Kejahatan Korporasi, Penghindaran Pajak, Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi.
Penegakan Hukum Pidana terhadap Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang dengan Tujuan Eksploitasi Organ Tubuh Ginjal Melalui Media Sosial Facebook
Authors: Amashya Kevin , Wildana Dina Tsalits , Prihatmini Sapti
Published: June 2022

Jual beli organ tubuh manusia terutama ginjal sudah lama seringkali terjadi di negara di dunia, termasuk di antaranya adalah Indonesia. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan informasi jual beli organ tubuh ginjal disebarkan melalui media sosial terutama facebook. Dalam praktiknya jual beli organ tubuh ginjal sering dilatarbelakangi oleh keterbatasan ekonomi para pelakunya mengiklankan penjualan organ tubuh ginjalnya melalui media sosial facebook dengan alasan desakan ekonomi. Berdasakan persoalan tersebut, terdapat dua rumusan masalah yang kemudian akan dibahas dalam artikel ini. Pertama adalah terkait kajian perbuatan menawarkan jual beli organ tubuh ginjal melalui media sosial facebook menurut Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Beberapa peraturan pidana yaitu Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik akan diuji dan dihubungkan dengan perbuatan ini. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi aturan apa saya yang melarang perbuatan perdagangan organ tubuh melalui media sosial, Kedua penelitian ini mengkaji apakah faktor ekonomi dapat menjadi alasan penghapus pidana sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Artikel ini menggunakan jenis penulisan yuridis normatif, yang kemudian didukung dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Kesimpulan dalam artikel ini adalah bahwa perbuatan jual beli organ tubuh melalui media sosial facebook dilarang oleh hukum pidana maupun Undang-Undang Khusus diluar KUHP yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Selain itu faktor ekonomi tidak dapat dijadikan alasan penghapus pidana sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP).
Práticas Psicoeducativas: Contribuições do Psicólogo na Atenção Primária
Authors: Ravaioli Martina de Paula Eduardo , Borges Lilian Maria
Published: June 2022

A psicoeducação visa ensinar o indivíduo sobre ações preventivas ou terapêuticas. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar modos de utilização de intervenções psicoeducativas na atenção primária de municípios do Rio de Janeiro. Vinte e uma psicólogas responderam a dois questionários, um deles sobre formação e atuação profissional e o outro com questões relacionadas ao uso da psicoeducação. Sete destas profissionais participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas para aprofundamento de suas respostas. Os dados do questionário foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva, e os relatos das entrevistas foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Orientar sobre questões emocionais e para o autocuidado foram finalidades atribuídas à psicoeducação, que era empregada de modo individual e grupal, tanto em consultórios como em salas de espera e em ações no território, com segmentos variados da população. O estudo mostrou aspectos importantes para fortalecer práticas de psicoeducação, incluindo gestão dinâmica do processo e atenção à realidade das comunidades.
Pieces Analysis to Improve Performance Cash Sales System: A Case Study on The Darmo Deli Supermarket
Authors: Syabania Anisa fitri
Published: June 2022

Darmo Deli Supermarket is a growing retail company. Cash sales is the  main source income for that company. In order  to  improve  its  performance,  it  is  deemed  necessary  to  conduct  an  analysis  of  the  cash  sales system  at  the Darmo  Deli  supermarket.  A  qualitative  approach  with  observation, interviews, and documentation was  used  to  obtain  information  about  the  cash sales  flow  and  system  that  had  been implemented.  PIECES analysis has 6 aspects, performance, information, economic, control, efficiency and service. The results of the study show that the Darmo Deli Supermarket cash sales accounting information system has no warehouse section. Based on  PIECES analysis, the  control aspect of the cash sales system needs to be improved. So that, the fraudulent sales data reporting can be avoided, velocity and accuracy of financial reports  in Darmo Deli Supermarket cash sales system can enhanced.
Modelación del transporte de sedimentos en el Delta del río Sinú, Colombia
Authors: Torres-Bejarano Franklin , González Martínez Javier Antonio , Naranjo Saleme María , Cantero Martínez José
Published: June 2022

Las variaciones en las tasas de transporte de sedimento en suspensión pueden causar impactos significativos en deltas y estuarios, pues los sedimentos fluviales desempeñan un papel fundamental en la estabilidad de estos ecosistemas costeros. Este trabajo presenta la aplicación de un modelo numérico 3D para simular el transporte de sedimentos en el delta del Río Sinú, Colombia y su impacto en la zona costera adyacente, donde se transporta una cantidad importante de sedimento suspendido al mar Caribe. Se implementó el sistema de modelación EFDC Explorer, que resuelve las ecuaciones de movimiento y de transporte, específicamente para: determinar la dinámica y distribución espaciotemporal de los sedimentos suspendidos, y evaluar la vulnerabilidad de la zona estuarina ante variaciones hidrodinámicas y de transporte de sedimentos. El modelo fue configurado con datos obtenidos en campo y con información secundaria de agencias ambientales nacionales. La calibración fue verificada mediante el Índice de Concordancia, logrando un buen ajuste para las variables consideradas. Los resultados mostraron particularidades en la distribución y difusión de los sedimentos, como presencia de áreas preferenciales de acumulación y dispersión, demostrando que la zona costera es vulnerable a la sedimentación.
Editorial
Authors: Martínez Villegas Nadia Valentina , Alfaro de la Torre María Catalina , Hansen Hansen Anne M.
Published: June 2022

EDITORIALEl número especial Sedimentos y Ecología es una publicación que contiene trabajos presentados en el “III Congreso Iberoamericano sobre Sedimentos y Ecología (III CISE)”, organizado por el Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA), en colaboración con el Centro Regional de Seguridad Hídrica (CERSHI) de la UNESCO. Por las restricciones derivadas de la pandemia del COVID-19, el evento tuvo lugar de manera virtual en dos sesiones: una sesión precongreso que se llevó a cabo en noviembre del 2020 y el Congreso propiamente que se celebró en abril del 2021. Los objetivos del III CISE fueron intercambiar experiencias y conocimientos sobre los procesos de erosión y transporte de sedimentos, su repercusión en ambientes terrestres y acuáticos, así como difundir las iniciativas que se han desarrollado e implementado exitosamente en América Latina y el Caribe con la finalidad de fortalecer la gestión sostenible de sedimentos, vinculando estrechamente la ciencia con las necesidades en materia política, social y ambiental. Este número especial incluye relevantes temas de investigación que abordan transporte de sedimentos, proce-sos en sedimentos e implicación para su remediación, perspectiva ambiental, social y legislativa, manejo de cuencas y sedimentos y cambio climático. Se espera que los resultados de investigación publicados aquí contribuyan a la comprensión de los procesos de erosión, transporte y depósito de sedimentos, y de la repercusión de este recurso en los diferentes ambientes marinos en la región; sin duda lo anterior contribuirá a fortalecer la gestión sostenible de los mismos. Un agradecimiento muy especial a las y los autores de los artículos publicados en este número especial, tanto por su esfuerzo en la preparación de los manuscritos como en la mejora de estos. Asimismo, a las revisoras y los revisores que proveyeron una invaluable retroalimentación a los trabajos sometidos. Un gran reconocimiento al Editor ejecutivo M. en Ecol. Claudio Amescua García y a la Editora asistente M. en C. Irene Romero Nájera de la Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, quienes en todo momento nos orientaron y apoyaron para el logro de este número especial. Dra. Nadia Valentina Martínez VillegasDra. María Catalina Alfaro de la TorreDra. Anne M. Hansen HansenEditoras Invitadas
Both Rudimentary Visualization and Prototypical Sonification can Serve as a Benchmark to Evaluate New Sonification Designs
Authors: Ziemer Tim , Schultheis Holger
Published: June 2022

Comparing sonification with visualization is like comparing apples and oranges. While visualizations are ubiquitous to the public and have established names, principles, application areas, and sophisticated designs, sonifications tend to be unique, self-made and completely new to users. In this study we developed a rudimentary visualization that is related closely to the principle of the sonification designs that we want to evaluate. In addition, we implemented a prototypical sonification that uses the most common mapping principles. Experiment results show that participants perform similarly well using the rudimentary visualization and the prototypical sonification, which is much better than chance but significantly worse than using our new sonification results. We therefore argue that both rudimentary visualization and prototypical sonifications can serve as a suitable benchmark to evaluate new sonifications designs against.