bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Performance Comparison of Three Amino Acid Additives in the Process of Photo-Fermentative Biohydrogen Production with Corn Straw
Authors: Xia Chenxi , Jiang Danping , Zhang Xueting , Xie Ning , Lu Chaoyang , Zhang Quanguo
Published: February 2025

The growth and metabolism of photosynthetic bacteria play a significant role in the efficiency of substrate and energy conversion in photo-fermentation biohydrogen production (PFHP). In this paper, the influence of different concentrations of L-alanine (0.3–1.2 g/L), L-leucine (0.6–1.5 g/L), and L-serine (1–2.5 g/L) on the PFHP and microbial metabolism were investigated. The results showed that sole additions of L-alanine at 0.6 g/L, L-leucine at 0.9 g/L, and L-serine at 1.5 g/L to the PFHP could enhance the cumulative biohydrogen production to 260 ± 4.01 mL (39.04% increase), 267 ± 4.27 mL (42.78% increase), and 248 ± 3.97 mL (32.62% increase), respectively. An analysis of the scatter matrix plots indicated that three amino acid additives play a key role in increasing hydrogen production. This study helps to further explore the effect of amino acid-based additives on PFHP.
Ibuprofen-Loaded, Nanocellulose-Based Buccal Films: The Development and Evaluation of Promising Drug Delivery Systems for Special Populations
Authors: Bolko Seljak Katarina , Grilc Blaž , Gašperlin Mirjana , Gosenca Matjaž Mirjam
Published: February 2025

The objective of this work was to investigate the use of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) as a drug-delivery excipient for buccal films. Gel-like dispersions were created by blending either gel or powder NCC (gNCC or pNCC) with natural polymers (alginate, pectin, or chitosan) in water, with glycerol serving as a plasticiser. Ibuprofen (IBU) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was dissolved in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve its solubility prior to its addition to gel-like dispersions. Dispersions were dried, and resulting films were cut to 3 cm × 1.5 cm size, appropriate for buccal delivery. Rheological measurements revealed that shorter, thinner, and less crystalline nanocellulose fibres are more favourable for stronger gel properties. While overall, weaker gel structure prior to film casting also resulted in shorter disintegration time, this was not the case for NCC–chitosan films; here, the low solubility of chitosan in neutral media proved to be the main obstacle. Nevertheless, the prolonged disintegration of NCC–chitosan films did not impact the dissolution of IBU, as these films exhibited the fastest dissolution rate, followed by NCC–pectin and NCC–alginate. Furthermore, NCC properties significantly influenced the dissolution behaviour of the chitosan formulations, with gNCC favouring faster IBU release due to weaker gel formation prior to film casting.
Identification of Key Pathways and Candidate Genes Controlling Organ Size Through Transcriptome and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analyses in Navel Orange Plants (Citrus sinensis)
Authors: Lin Yi , Zheng Jinghao , Wan Qinyu , Chen Zhenmin , Chen Qiong , Wan Shubei , Chen Jianmei
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Organ size is a critical target trait in fruit-tree breeding programs, as it significantly impacts the economic value of plants by influencing their biomass, yield, and quality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying organ size in citrus is essential for breeding new cultivars with superior fruit quality. Methods: In this study, we investigated the regulatory network involved in organ size using the Citrus sinensis ‘Newhall’ navel orange variety and its large-organ mutant, ‘M25’. Results: Ploidy analysis indicated that the organ enlargement observed in ‘M25’ was not attributable to changes in chromosome ploidy. Furthermore, RNA sequencing of tender leaves and young fruits from both ‘M25’ and ‘Newhall’ oranges identified 1817 and 1605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with organ size regulation, including those related to cell division, DNA replication, protein biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and cell wall metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified the grey 60 and orange modules as the key modules influencing organ enlargement; from these modules, we identified 51 and 35 hub genes, respectively. Combined homologous function annotation and expression analysis identified four transcription-factor-encoding hub genes (Cs_ont_6g005380, Cs_ont_8g025330, Cs_ont_9g019400, and Cs_ont_9g008010) as candidate genes potentially related to organ size. Conclusions: Among these, Cs_ont_8g025330 (CsMYB73) was inferred to be the key gene influencing organ size through auxin and cytokinin regulation. These findings lay the foundation for further investigations of the regulatory mechanism of organ size in navel orange varieties.
Identifying Cancer Stage-Related Biomarkers for Lung Adenocarcinoma by Integrating Both Node and Edge Features
Authors: Wang Zige , Benhammouda Hamza , Chen Bolin
Published: February 2025

Background: In order to characterize phenotypes and diseases, genetic factors and their interactions in biological systems must be considered. Although genes or node features are the core units of genetic information, their connections, also known as edge features, are composed of a network of gene interactions. These components are crucial for understanding the molecular basis of disease and phenotype development. Existing research typically utilizes node biomarkers composed of individual genes or proteins for the binary classification of cancer. However, due to significant heterogeneity among patients, these methods cannot adapt to the subtle changes required for precise cancer staging, and relying solely on node biomarkers often leads to poor accuracy in classifying cancer staging. Methods: In this study, a computational framework was developed to diagnose lung adenocarcinoma, integrating node and edge features such as correlation, covariance, and residuals. The proposed method allows for precise diagnosis in the case of a single sample, which can identify the minimum feature set that effectively distinguishes cancer staging. Results: The advantages of the proposed method are: (i) it can diagnose each individual test sample, promoting personalized treatment; (ii) integrating node and edge features can improve diagnostic accuracy, indicating that each type of feature can capture unique aspects of the disease; (iii) it significantly reduces the number of features required to accurately classify the four stages of cancer, thereby achieving optimal cross-validation accuracy. Conclusions: This streamlined and effective feature set highlights the potential of our approach in advancing personalized medicine and improving clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
Simulating Nonpoint Source Pollution Impacts in Groundwater: Three-Dimensional Advection–Dispersion Versus Quasi-3D Streamline Transport Approach
Authors: Kourakos Georgios , Bastani Mehrdad , Harter Thomas
Published: February 2025

Numerical models are commonly used to support the management of diffuse pollution sources in large agricultural landscapes. This paper investigates the suitability of a three-dimensional groundwater streamline-based nonpoint source (NPS) assessment tool for agricultural aquifers. The streamline approach is built on the assumption of steady-state groundwater flow and neglects the effect of transverse dispersion but offers considerable computational efficiency. To test the practical applicability of these assumptions, two groundwater transport models were developed using the standard three-dimensional advection–dispersion equation (ADE): one with steady-state flow and the other with transient flow conditions. The streamline approach was compared with both ADE models, under various nitrate management practice scenarios. The results show that the streamline approach predictions are comparable to the steady-state ADE, but both steady-state methods tend to overestimate the concentrations across wells by up to 10% compared to the transient ADE. The prediction of long-term attenuation of nitrate under alternative land management scenarios is identical between the streamline and the transient ADE results.
Homozygous AA Genotype of IL-17A and 14-bp Insertion Polymorphism in HLA-G 3′UTR are Associated with Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: de Souza Amaxsell Thiago Barros , Lucas Cecília Rodrigues , de Carvalho Kleyton Thiago Costa , Neta Antonia Pereira Rosa , Bernardes-Oliveira Emanuelly , Camargo Juliana Dantas de Araújo Santos , Luchessi André Ducati , Cobucci Ricardo Ney , Crispim Janaina Cristiana de Oliveira
Published: February 2025

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, with unclear genetic mechanisms. The specific involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A, and the immuno-tolerogenic HLA-G remains poorly understood in GDM. We aimed to explore the associations of three polymorphisms, IL-17A -197G>A (rs2275913), IL-17RA -947A>G (rs4819554), and HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion (indel), with GDM risk in a Brazilian population. We conducted a case-control study (79 GDM cases and 79 controls). Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR–RFLP, with DNA extracted using the Salting-out procedure. Significant associations were identified between -197G>A rs2275913 and HLA-G 14-bp indel polymorphisms in both codominant and recessive models. The IL-17A rs2275913 AA genotype was associated with a nearly ten-fold increased risk of GDM in both the codominant (p = 0.021, OR 9.89, 95% CI: 1.63–59.92) and recessive models (p = 0.006, OR 9.33, 95% CI: 1.57–55.38). Similarly, the HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Ins genotype was associated with an increased risk in both the codominant (p = 0.026, OR 3.34, 95% CI: 0.98–11.41) and recessive models (p = 0.010, OR 4.20, 95% CI: 1.36–12.96). IL-17RA polymorphism showed no significant associations. The study findings highlight the potential genetic and immune factors associated with GDM, particularly the -197G>A rs2275913 and HLA-G 14-bp indel polymorphisms. Further functional characterization is warranted to uncover the mechanism of genotype–phenotype association.
Stimulating Environmental and Health Protection Through Utilizing Statistical Methods for Climate Resilience and Policy Integration
Authors: Kaddoura Sanaa , Hijazi Rafiq , Dahmani Nadia , Nassar Reem
Published: February 2025

Climate change, a critical global challenge, is evident in rising global temperatures, shifting precipitation trends, and extreme weather events, including floods, heatwaves, and rising sea levels. The impacts of climate change not only endanger physical health but also affect mental well-being, particularly among populations experiencing frequent or severe climate-related events. Understanding individual perceptions of climate risks and adaptive capacities is crucial for developing strategies that promote health resilience and environmental protection. This paper examines how risk perceptions, direct experiences with extreme weather, and perceived adaptive capacities influence climate change protection measures and support for relevant policies. Data were gathered from 291 respondents in the United Arab Emirates using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to determine key predictors of policy support. The results indicate that age is positively correlated with policy support (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.001), while gender also plays a role, with women showing greater risk perception and stronger policy support than men. In contrast, formal education and employment status do not significantly impact policy endorsement or climate adaptation behaviors. These findings suggest that awareness-based interventions alone may be insufficient to drive climate action. Instead, policies should leverage older individuals’ experiences, enhance workplace and community-based climate engagement, and prioritize hands-on, action-oriented education to bridge the gap between climate knowledge and adaptive behavior.
FSOSM: An Operational Knowledge Empowered Scenario Model for the Intelligent Farmland Supervision
Authors: Xu Jiacheng , Zhao Xuesheng , Cui Bingliang
Published: February 2025

The automation of extracting targeted decision-support information is a key task for achieving intelligent agricultural management. Essentially, this involves structurally representing agricultural operations based on knowledge, unified modeling and relational management of elements such as natural resources, human–land relationships, and spatiotemporal data. However, the traditional farmland supervision systems based on relational and object-oriented databases struggle to effectively integrate, model, and apply operational knowledge such as project requirements, work experience, policies, and regulations. This limits their application efficiency and automation level. Therefore, this paper proposes a modeling method for Farmland Supervision Operations Scenario Model (FSOSM) based on structured operational knowledge. First, by analyzing the elements, structure, and functions of farmland supervision business scenario, the paper abstracts “natural resources—human society—spatiotemporal data” into 8 categories of scenario elements and 22 types of multidimensional semantic relationships. Next, the operational knowledge is structured and integrated into various modeling steps, including scenario element extraction, association, expression, and application, thereby enhancing the model’s intelligent service capability. Finally, the model is applied in practice through visualization and service applications using the “Farmland Non-Grain Conversion Supervision Operation Scenario of Guangdong Province, China” as a case study. The model’s practicality and superiority are demonstrated by comparing the processing flows and effects of this model and traditional farmland management systems in terms of efficiency, automation level, knowledge service capability, and versatility.
Sex-Specific Improvements in Myocardial Function and Angiogenesis with SGLT-2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin in a Swine Model of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Harris Dwight D. , Broadwin Mark , Stone Christopher , Sabe Sharif A. , Kanuparthy Meghamsh , Nho Ju-Woo , Muir Kelsey C. , Abid M. Ruhul , Sellke Frank W.
Published: February 2025

There is a significant body of literature to suggest that coronary artery disease (CAD) is a highly sex-specific disease. The study of sex-specific therapeutics and sex-specific responses to treatment for CAD remains underreported in the literature. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are of growing interest in the treatment of ischemic heart disease and heart failure; however, the sex-specific response to SGLT2 inhibitors is unknown. We studied an SGLT2 inhibitor, canagliflozin, in a swine model of metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic myocardial ischemia with emphasis on the sex-specific outcomes. Yorkshire swine (n = 21) were obtained at 6 weeks of age and fed a high-fat diet to induce MS. Left thoracotomy was performed on all swine at 11 weeks of age for the placement of an ameroid constrictor to model chronic myocardial ischemia. Swine recovered for two weeks, then were assigned to either the drug group, CAN 300 mg daily group (M = 5, F = 5), or the control group (CON, M = 5, F = 6). Both groups received 5 weeks of therapy. After completion of therapy, swine underwent functional assessment and terminal harvest. The male animals treated with CAN (CAN-M) had significant increases in stroke volume and cardiac output (p = 0.047, p < 0.001) compared to control males (CON-M), which were not seen in females treated with CAN (CAN-F) compared to control females (CON-F). Effective arterial elastance was decreased in CAN-M compared to CON-M. The CAN-F group had a significant increase in ischemic myocardial capillary density compared to CON-F (p = 0.04). There was no difference in capillary density between the CAN-M and CON-M groups. CAN treatment resulted in sex-specific changes in angiogenesis and myocardial function. The CAN-M group had significant improvements in cardiac function based on afterload reduction, stroke volume, and increased cardiac output not seen in the CAN-F group. The CAN-F group had increased ischemic myocardial capillary density. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation of the sex-specific effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors in humans.
Comprehensive Analysis and Comparison of Amino Acid Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Children with Leukemia by the LC-MS Technique
Authors: Kaliszewska Anna , Struczyński Piotr , Bączek Tomasz , Niedźwiecki Maciej , Konieczna Lucyna
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to develop and optimize an analytical method for profiling 21 amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, addressing the need for improved diagnostic tools in leukemia research. Using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, the method achieved enhanced resolution, sensitivity, and specificity. Rigorous sample preparation, including liquid–liquid extraction, ensured high recovery rates, while validation confirmed the method’s accuracy and reproducibility. Clinical application in pediatric leukemia patients revealed significant variations in amino acid concentrations across treatment stages, providing insights into disease progression and therapeutic response. Statistical analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 compared amino acid levels in patients to healthy controls, identifying distinct patterns on day 1, day 15, and day 33 of treatment. Correlation analysis highlighted relationships between amino acid levels and factors such as treatment duration, sex, age, and blood test results. Key amino acids, including proline, leucine, and hydroxyproline, emerged as significant predictors of white blood cell count, effectively distinguishing between patient and control groups. This method demonstrates robust potential for broader leukemia research applications, pending further validation on larger cohorts.
Antifungal Peptides with Unexpected Structure from a Library of Synthetic Analogs of Host-Defense Peptide Rigin
Authors: Porras Marina , Hernández Dácil , Boto Alicia
Published: February 2025

Rising antifungal resistance prompted the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization to bring attention to the consequences of this threat to human, animal, and environmental health, and food security. In addition, there is an alarming cross-species pathogenicity. New antifungal agents are urgently needed, preferably with a low induction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Among the most promising novel antimicrobials are the host-defense peptides, which present potent anti-infective properties and elicit low or negligible AMR. The rapid creation of libraries of host-defense peptides is highlighted by the synthesis of analogs of the immunomodulator and antimicrobial peptide rigin. Starting from smaller fragments incorporating hydroxyproline customizable units, which can be selectively cleaved and modified to give different lateral chains and N-substituents, two fragment libraries were built. Then the fragments were combined to give a library of rigin analogs, some of which displayed a potent antifungal activity not observed in the natural peptide. Surprisingly, the most active ones were N-substituted and lateral-chain protected analogs, while the free cationic peptides displayed low direct activity. This work shows that the strategy of combining site-selective peptide modification and a combinatorial approach can provide peptide-diverse libraries, where unexpected drug leads may be identified.
Potential Chondroprotective Effect of Artemisia annua L. Water Extract on SW1353 Cell
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Yang Ye Jin , Heo Ji Woong , Son Jae-dong , You Young Zoo , Yang Ju-Hye , Park Kwang Il
Published: February 2025

Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties of Artemisia annua L. water extract (AWE) following the induction of inflammation in cartilage cells (SW1353 cell) through the administration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). We demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, as evidenced by elevated total phenolic and flavonoid content, in addition to robust free radical scavenging capacity, as assessed through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Its cytotoxic effects were assessed at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, where no cytotoxic signs were observed in SW1353 cells treated with IL-1β; the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were notably reduced in a dose-dependent manner. The principal inflammatory markers, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were significantly diminished by AWE treatment. AWE administration led to a dose-dependent reduction in the expression of key proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-1 and MMP-13, which are known to contribute to cartilage degradation. Additionally, the levels of degraded collagen type II in the cartilage cells were restored. These findings suggest that reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, along with inhibiting activated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, may ameliorate the progression of IL-1β-induced OA. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis revealed a strong binding affinity of MMP-13, a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of OA. Six compounds were identified in AWE, corroborating its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, AWE may serve as a potentially useful therapeutic agent against OA by modulating inflammation-related mechanisms.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Disrupts CXCL16 Expression in Rat Hippocampus: Temporal and Sex Differences
Authors: Padilla-Valdez Mayra Madeleine , Santana-Bejarano Margarita Belem , Godínez-Rubí Marisol , Ortuño-Sahagún Daniel , Rojas-Mayorquín Argelia Esperanza
Published: February 2025

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects around 40,000 newborns every year and poses a significant health risk. Although much is already known about the neurotoxic mechanisms of PAE, new findings continue to emerge. Studies with mouse models show that PAE leads to overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the brain, which disrupts important neurodevelopmental processes such as cell migration, survival and proliferation of neurons. The chemokine CXCL16 is overexpressed in the brain following various impairments, including PAE. This study shows that CXCL16 expression varies by developmental stage and sex, consistent with known sexual dimorphism in immune responses. In females, CXCL16 expression may be influenced by estrogen-related mechanisms, possibly related to the alcohol-mediated rebound effect described here. In contrast, the male hippocampus shows greater resilience to PAE-induced CXCL16 changes. Furthermore, the presence of CXCL16 in neuronal nuclei suggests a role in gene regulation, similar to other chemokines such as CCL5 and CXCL4. These findings shed light on the role of chemokines in hippocampal neuroplasticity and may pave the way for better treatment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
Special Issue “Molecular Simulation and Modeling”
Authors: Borówko Małgorzata
Published: February 2025

Molecular simulation and modeling have a huge and growing impact on scientific progress [...]
Purinergic Receptor Activation Protects Glomerular Microvasculature from Increased Mechanical Stress in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension: A Modeling Study
Authors: Richfield Owen , Cortez Ricardo , Kulthinee Supaporn , Franco Martha , Navar L. Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension increases afferent (AA) and efferent (EA) arteriole resistances via the actions of Ang II on the AT1 receptor. In addition to the increased interstitial levels of Ang II, the increased arterial pressure increases interstitial ATP concentrations. In turn, ATP acts on the purinergic receptors P2X1 and P2X7 to constrict the AA, preventing increases in plasma flow and single-nephron GFR (SNGFR). While the hemodynamic effects of P2 activation have been characterized, the resulting increases in mechanical stresses (shear stress and circumferential hoop stress) on the glomerular microvasculature have not been quantified. A mathematical microvascular hemodynamic glomerular model was developed to simulate blood flow and plasma filtration in an anatomically accurate rat glomerular capillary network. AA and EA resistances were adjusted to match glomerular hemodynamic data for control, Ang II-induced hypertension, and P2X1-blocked conditions. A blockade of the purinergic receptors reduced both afferent and efferent resistances, maintaining glomerular pressure at hypertensive levels but increasing blood flow and sheer stress significantly. Because glomerular pressure was maintained, hoop stress barely changed. Our results indicate that the activation of the purinergic system protects the glomerular microvasculature from elevated shear stress caused by increased blood flow that would occur in the absence of purinergic stimulation.
The Essential Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Viral Infections
Authors: Duan Xujie , Liu Rui , Lan Wenjing , Liu Shuying
Published: February 2025

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play crucial roles in energy production, metabolic balance, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and innate immunity, and are key determinants of cell fate. They are also targets for viral invasion of the body. Many viral proteins target mitochondria, controlling mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and immune response, thereby achieving immune evasion, promoting their proliferation, and accelerating the infection process. Mitochondrial quality control is key to maintaining normal physiological functions and mitochondrial homeostasis. Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics is closely related to the development of many diseases. New roles of mitochondrial dynamics in viral infection are constantly being discovered. Viruses change mitochondrial dynamics by targeting mitochondria to achieve a persistent state of infection. Currently, understanding of mitochondrial dynamics during viral infection is limited. Research on the impact of viral proteins on mitochondrial dynamics provides a foundation for investigating the pathogenesis of viral infections, the disease process, and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the connection between viral infection and mitochondrial dynamics and priority areas for research on virus-mediated mitochondrial immunity, provides insight into the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by viruses targeting mitochondria, and explores potential means of mitochondrial-mediated control and treatment of viral diseases.
Triterpenes of Prunella vulgaris Inhibit Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating PTP1B/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and IL-24/CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathways
Authors: Li Yamei , Luo Hongshan , Lin Xiulian , Hua Linye , Wang Jiayao , Xie Jingchen , Zhang Zhimin , Shi Zhe , Li Minjie , Peng Qiuxian , Lin Limei , Liao Duanfang , Xia Bohou
Published: February 2025

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer characterized by high molecular heterogeneity. Owing to the lack of effective therapeutic strategies, patients with TNBC have a poor prognosis. Prunella vulgaris L. has the effects of reducing swelling, dissolving knots and treating breast carbuncles and mammary rocks. Modern pharmacological studies have reported that it can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer. The main active antitumor components of Prunella vulgaris are triterpenoids (PVT); however, the role and potential mechanism of PVT in TNBC remain unexplored. Our study aimed to further explore the inhibitory effects of PVT on TNBC and the associated mechanism. The results showed that 19 compounds associated with PVT were identified, 9 of which were triterpenoids. The percentages of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in PVT were 34.51% and 11.32%, respectively. Triterpenes of Prunella vulgaris significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and promoted their apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. PVT could also effectively downregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ptp1b, Pi3k, Akt and mtor and upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of Il-24 in MDA-MB-231 cells. In mice with tumors of TNBC, PVT significantly reduced tumor growth and the expression levels of PTP1B, CXCL12, CXCR4, PI3K, AKT, mTOR and other proteins in TNBC tumor tissue and upregulated the expression of IL-24. This study showed that PVT played an anti-TNBC role by regulating the PTP1B/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the IL-24/CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis.
How to Digitise Bridge Structures—A Systematic Review of the Status Quo for Creating Digital BIM Models of Existing Bridge Structures in the Operational Phase
Authors: Jäkel Jan-Iwo , Heinlein Eva , Gölzhäuser Peter , Kellner Maximilian , Klemt-Albert Katharina , Reiterer Alexander
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, the condition of many bridge structures has deteriorated and the need for maintenance measures has increased. Until now, these maintenance measures have mainly been carried out manually and reactively. The use of digital 3D models based on Building Information Modelling (BIM) can remedy this situation and create the basis for predictive maintenance management. While the generation of 3D models of new bridge structures is simple, the digitization of existing structures can be a complex process. This article provides an overview of the state of the scientific practice with regard to the procedures, technologies and data used to generate 3D models of existing bridge structures using the BIM method. Using a systematic literature analysis, scientific databases are searched for suitable literature and analysed with predefined filtering parameters. The results provide a uniform understanding of the current status quo of the digitisation of existing bridge structures and show existing degrees of digitisation and automation.
New Wasps of Maimetshidae (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) from the Mid-Cretaceous Myanmar Amber
Authors: Li Longfeng , Kopylov Dmitry S. , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P. , Yang Jingtao , Shih Chungkun , Ren Dong
Published: February 2025

One new genus and five new species of the extinct family Maimetshidae from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber are described based on five well-preserved specimens as follows: Maimetshasia nova Li, Kopylov and Rasnitsyn, sp. nov.; Maimetshasia engeli Li, Kopylov and Rasnitsyn, sp. nov.; Guyotemaimetsha perrichoti Li, Kopylov and Rasnitsyn, sp. nov.; Guyotemaimetsha ortegablancoi Li, Kopylov and Rasnitsyn, sp. nov.; and Crucimaimetsha nigra Li, Kopylov and Rasnitsyn, sp. nov. A new generic synonymy is proposed: Turgonalus Rasnitsyn, 1990 (=Turgonaliscus Engel, 2016, syn. nov. and = Ahiromaimetsha Perrichot, Azar, Nel and Engel, 2011, syn. nov.); Guyotemaimetsha Perrichot, Nel and Néraudeau, 2004 (=Burmaimetsha Perrichot, 2013, syn. nov.); Afrapia, Rasnitsyn and Brothers, 2009 (=Afromaimetsha, Rasnitsyn and Brothers, 2009, syn. nov.); and Iberomaimetsha nihtmara Ortega-Blanco, Delclòs and Engel, 2011 are transferred to Afrapia, Rasnitsyn and Brothers, 2009. This results in the following new combinations: Turgonalus cooperi, Rasnitsyn and Jarzembowski, 1998, comb. resurr.; Turgonalus najlae (Perrichot, Azar, Nel & Engel, 2011), comb. nov; Afrapia robusta (Rasnitsyn & Brothers, 2009), comb. nov; and Afrapia nihtmara (Ortega-Blanco, Delclòs & Engel, 2011), comb. nov. The occurrence of various genera of Maimetshidae in amber and compression fossil and the morphological differences of the forewings in all the fossil species are provided, which highlights a high level of genus-level diversity among Mesozoic maimetshids. The key to genera was updated.
Pseudomonas Infection Affects the Growth and Development of Aphis gossypii by Disrupting Energy Metabolism and Reproductive Processes
Authors: Yu Qiqing , Niu Ruichang , Gao Xueke , Luo Junyu , Cui Jinjie , Wang Li , Zhu Xiangzhen
Published: February 2025

For instance, Pseudomonas is involved in numerous life processes of A. gossypii and exerts a significant influence on its physiological indicators. The results demonstrate that Pseudomonas infection disturbs the normal growth and development of A. gossypii, resulting in a substantial reduction in the number of offspring. Compared with the uninfected control group, the innate rate of increase and the endogenous growth rate are markedly lower. Moreover, RNA-sequencing revealed that genes related to energy synthesis and nutrient metabolism were significantly upregulated in A. gossypii infected with Pseudomonas. Simultaneously, the infection led to a significant downregulation of genes related to alkaline phosphatase in the folate-synthesis pathway and histone proteinase B synthesis in the metabolism pathway of A. gossypii. These experimental findings indicate that Pseudomonas infection disrupts the growth and development of A. gossypii, specifically manifested as a significant upregulation of genes related to energy synthesis and nutrient metabolism and a downregulation of genes related to reproduction. Overall, these results offer support for the study of the interactions between aphids and symbiotic bacteria.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis with Predominant T-Lymphocytes in Young Child: An Unusual Presentation of Evolving Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Richardson Aida I. , Yap Kai Lee , Leuer Katrin , Gong Shunyou
Published: February 2025

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive, life-threatening condition commonly observed in young children. Distinguishing primary HLH from secondary HLH, such as malignancy-associated HLH, can be challenging, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Case presentation: A 16-month-old female presented with fever, decreased appetite, and rhinorrhea. A review of the peripheral blood smear revealed anemia and leukopenia, with absolute neutropenia characterized by a high lymphocyte count (approximately 80% were T cells by flow cytometry). Flow cytometry was negative for immunophenotypically abnormal cells. Initially, the cytopenia was attributed to a viral infection. However, the cytopenia did not improve, and a bone marrow evaluation revealed evidence of HLH but no immunophenotypically abnormal population. An extensive work-up for HLH, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and cytogenetic testing identified the KMT2A::MLLT3 fusion transcript, indicating malignancy-associated HLH in the setting of evolving leukemia. Because there was no increase in blasts or immunophenotypically abnormal cells, the diagnosis of leukemia could not be made at that time. The patient was closely monitored and, seven weeks later, was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia/acute monocytic leukemia. In addition to the KMT2A::MLLT3 fusion, pathogenic variants in the PTPN11 and FLT3 genes were detected by NGS. Conclusions: The presentation of evolving acute monocytic leukemia can be nonspecific, mimicking conditions such as HLH, without an initial increase in immature cells or monocytes. Maintaining a broad differential diagnosis and including comprehensive molecular genetic testing may facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Preterm Cesarean Delivery and Safety of Subsequent Delivery: Risk of Uterine Rupture and Other Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes—Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Helman Sarit , Fridman Lev Shira , Solnica Amy , Reichman Orna , Farkash Rivka , Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Bas Lando Maayan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The safety of trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) following prior preterm low-segment transverse cesarean delivery (pCD) was compared to that following term low-segment transverse cesarean delivery (tCD) in terms of the rate of uterine rupture (UR) and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the delivery outcomes among women with a prior primary pCD and those with a primary tCD. The primary outcome was UR, defined as a full-thickness uterine wall defect. The secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal morbidities. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann–Whitney tests, with the results reported as means ± SDs or medians + interquartile ranges (IQRs), were employed. Results: The cohort comprised 5340 women, including 186 with a prior pCD and 5154 with a prior tCD. The median gestational age at pCD was 28 weeks, compared to 39 weeks for tCD. Women in the pCD group had higher rates of hypertensive disorders (20.4% vs. 2.5%; p < 0.001). No significant difference in UR incidence was observed at subsequent delivery (0% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.3). However, the pCD group had higher rates of subsequent preterm delivery (19.9% vs. 4.7%; p < 0.01) and vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) success (86.1% vs. 77.3%; p = 0.015). Adjusted analyses showed no significant association between pCD and composite adverse neonatal outcomes (OR = 0.796, 95% CI [0.487–1.301]; p = 0.363). Conclusions: This study underscores the safety of trial of labor after a primary preterm cesarean delivery, indicating no increased risk of uterine rupture compared to term cesarean deliveries. Care should be directed toward lowering subsequent preterm delivery and its associated risks.
Uncertainty-Based Design: Finite Element and Explainable Machine Learning Modeling of Carbon–Carbon Composites for Ultra-High Temperature Solar Receivers
Authors: Daghigh Vahid , Daghigh Hamid , Keller Michael W.
Published: February 2025

Design under uncertainty has significantly grown in research developments during the past decade. Additionally, machine learning (ML) and explainable ML (XML) have offered various opportunities to provide reliable predictable models. The current article investigates the use of finite element modeling (FEM), ML and XML predictions, and uncertain-based design of carbon-carbon (C-C) composites for use in ultra-high temperatures. A C-C composite concentrating solar power (CSP) as a microvascular receiver is considered as a case study. These C-C composites are fiber composites with directly integrated carbonized microchannels to form a lightweight, high-absorptivity material that includes an embedded microvascular network of channels. The topology of these microchannels is engineered to optimize heat transfer to a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) heat transfer fluid. The mechanical characterization of C-C composites is highly challenging. Thus, designing every component made of C-C composites for ultra-high temperature applications needs an uncertainty-based analysis. As a part of a comprehensive project on the development of a novel carbonized microvascular C-C composite, this paper explores C-C composite sensitivity analysis, FEM, ML prediction, and XML analysis. The resulting composite can then be carbonized and coated with an oxidation-resistant coating to form a thermally efficient and mechanically robust C-C composite. An ANSYS 3-D-FE model was used to analyze the CSP’s stress/strain. To consider the variability in the mechanical and thermal properties of C-C composites, various mechanical properties are considered as the ANSYS FEM’s input. A synthetic dataset from 730 ANSYS runs was produced to feed into the ML and XML algorithms for uncertainty analysis and prediction. The ML and XML algorithms could accurately predict the CSP stresses/strains.
Validation of a FEM-Based Method to Predict Crack Initiation from Arbitrary-Shaped Notches
Authors: Rettl Matthias , Waly Christoph , Pletz Martin , Schuecker Clara
Published: February 2025

In this paper, specimens that contain cavities are tested and the critical force for crack initiation is compared to predictions made by the Coupled Criterion (CC). First, the material parameters Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, fracture toughness, and critical stress are calibrated with tensile tests of three specimen shapes. Then, the critical force and crack initiation position are predicted for three other specimen shapes, called validation specimens. The predictions made by CC use stresses and incremental energy release rates that are computed by the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Scaling Law based Meta Model (SLMM+AC). The predictions are validated against the tensile test results of the validation specimens. A Monte Carlo approach is used to compute prediction intervals for the critical force to make a statement about the quality of the predictions. The position of the crack initiation was predicted accurately, but the predicted critical loads deviated from the measured load up to 25%.
Study on Sand-Steel Interface Shear Test Method and Mechanism
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Yu Long , Han Yunrui , Yang Qing
Published: February 2025

Soil-structure interface properties play an essential role in geotechnical engineering. The interface shear test is widely used to measure the interface properties. However, in the traditional interface shear test (TIST), distribution of shear stresses along contact surface is not uniform due to boundary effects. Thus, average mechanical response of the whole interface measured by TIST cannot be used to evaluate interface friction properties. In this paper, a novel interface shear apparatus (MIDST) is presented to investigate the shear behaviours of the soil-structure interface. A series of shear tests were conducted on Fujian standard sand-steel interface. Two shear force sensors simultaneously monitor the shear force along the interface: a pre-embedded sensor inside the interface/steel plate (responding to MIDST), while the other outside the interface (responding to TIST). Laboratory test results show that the pre-embedded internal sensor successfully detects the weakening characteristics of the interface, while the external sensor monitors the hardening law. The interface shear strength measured by internal sensor is significantly higher than that monitored by external sensor. A commercial DEM software Version 5.0, Particle Flow Code in Two Dimensions (PFC2D), is employed to study the soil-structure interaction mechanism, and numerical test results show that the main reasons for the internal and external differences are the uneven shear stress distribution at the soil-structure interface and the boundary effect. In addition, numerical test results agree with the laboratory test results, indicating that the shear behaviours monitored by MIDST are relatively accurate and can provide a reference for engineering design.
Finite Element Modelling of Pressure Armour Unlocking Failure in Unbonded Flexible Risers
Authors: Wei Rongzhi , Li Xiaotian , Vaz Murilo Augusto , Custódio Anderson Barata
Published: February 2025

Flexible pipes can be subjected to extreme bending load during installation and in situ operations, as well as high pressure from oil and gas field production fluids. Although field experience shows that the unlocking of the pressure armour layer is a rare failure mode, its consequences are potentially catastrophic. To investigate the unlocking mechanism of the pressure armour layer, a 3D nonlinear finite element model is developed, which contains three layers: a pressure armour layer with a “Zeta” shape cross-section, a polymer layer, and an analytical cylindrical surface representing the radial support from the carcass. The analysis is carried out with the ABAQUS Dynamic Explicit solver using a semi-automatic mass scaling factor. The study focuses on the possibility of pressure armour unlocking due to bending load, where the effects of geometric features of the pressure armour layer and internal pressure value on unlocking are investigated by varying corresponding parameters. The influence of these variables are discussed at the end. Ultimately, in conjunction with the numerical analysis results, critical reflections on the shortcomings of the model and suggestions for improvement are presented based on the numerical analysis results.
Novel Load Forecasting and Optimal Dispatching Methods Considering Demand Response for Integrated Port Energy System
Authors: Tang Ruoli , Ning Siwen , Ren Zongyang , Li Xin , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2025

The optimal dispatching of integrated energy systems can effectively reduce energy costs and decrease carbon emissions. The accuracy of the load forecasting method directly determines the dispatching outcomes, yet considering the stochastic and non-periodic characteristics of port electricity load, traditional load forecasting methods may not be suitable due to the weak historical regularity of the load data themselves. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for forecasting the electricity load of container ports based on ship arrival and departure schedules as well as port handling tasks. By finely modeling the electricity consumption behavior of port machinery, effective prediction of the main electricity load of ports is achieved. On this basis, the overall structure of an integrated port energy system (IPES) including renewable energy systems, electricity/thermal/cooling/hydrogen energy storage systems, integrated energy dispatching equipment, and integrated loads is studied. Furthermore, a dispatching model considering demand response for the optimal operation of the IPES is established, and the day-ahead optimal dispatching of the IPES is achieved based on the forecasted load. The experimental results indicate that the developed method can ensure the operational efficiency of IPES, reduce port energy costs, and decrease carbon emissions.
Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 in Metarhizium robertsii Regulate Conidiation and Maturation, Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Pathogenicity
Authors: Wu Qiaoyun , Ye Yingying , Liu Yiran , He Yufan , Li Xing , Yang Siqi , Xu Tongtong , Hu Xiufang , Zeng Guohong
Published: February 2025

As a type of multicopper oxidase, laccases play multiple biological roles in entomopathogenic fungi, enhancing their survival, development, and pathogenicity. However, the mechanisms by which laccases operate in these fungi remain under-researched. In this study, we identified two laccase-encoding genes, Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2, from Metarhizium robertsii, both of which are highly expressed during conidiation. Knocking out Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 resulted in a significant increase in the conidial yields of M. robertsii. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of upstream regulators associated with the conidiation pathway were markedly up-regulated in ΔMr-lac3 and ΔMr-lcc2 compared to the wild-type strain during conidiation, indicating that Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 negatively regulate conidia formation. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 are regulated by the pigment synthesis gene cluster, including Mr-Pks1, Mr-EthD, and Mlac1, and they also provide feedback regulation to jointly control pigment synthesis. Additionally, ΔMr-lac3 and ΔMr-lcc2 significantly reduced the trehalose content in conidia and increased the sensitivity to cell wall-perturbing agents, such as Congo red and guaiacol, which led to a marked decrease in tolerance to abiotic stresses. In conclusion, the laccases Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 negatively regulate conidia formation while positively regulating conidial maturation, thereby enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses and pathogenicity.