bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demands of Dignity in Robotic Care
Authors: Laitinen Arto , Niemelä Marketta , Pirhonen Jari ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2019

Having a sense of dignity is one of the core emotions in human life. Is our dignity, and accordingly also our sense of dignity under threat in elderly care, especially in robotic care? How can robotic care support or challenge human dignity in elderly care? The answer will depend on whether it is robot-based, robot-assisted, or teleoperated care that is at stake. Further, the demands and realizations of human dignity have to be distinguished. The demands to respect humans are based on human dignity and the inalienable high and equal moral standing that everyone has. For human moral agents, these demands take the form of negative and positive duties. For robots, they arguably take the form of corresponding ought-to-be norms. The realizations of dignity consist in variable responses to these demands, by oneself by others, and by society at large. This article examines how robot-based, robot-assisted, and teleoperated care can amount to realizations of dignity. The varieties of robotic care can, in different ways, be responsive to the demands of dignity and recognize humans as vulnerable beings with needs, as autonomous agents, and as rational subjects of experience, emotion, and thought.
A tecnologia digital nas Diretrizes Curriculares dos Cursos de Design: um estudo da abordagem tecnológica na formação do futuro profissional
Authors: Matuzawa Flavia Lumi , Amaral Ana Leticia Oliveira do , Gonçalves Berenice Santos , Cerny Roseli Zen , Espíndola Marina Bazzo de
Published: December 2019

A partir da Resolução CNE/CES nº 5, de 8 de março de 2004, que aprova as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para cursos de Graduação em Design, faz-se neste artigo uma análise do documento sob a ótica de como o mesmo compreende o conceito de tecnologia, currículo e formação crítica no uso da tecnologia digital na expectativa de visualizar um futuro designer preparado para atuar no contexto contemporâneo. Os desafios requerem um profissional crítico capaz de perceber os problemas e desenhar soluções, envolvendo as qualidades da tecnologia digital para potencializar suas soluções projetuais. O estudo conclui que a tecnologia não tem uma ênfase explícita em sua abordagem na DCN, o que pode refletir diretamente no perfil de um profissional crítico ao uso das tecnologias digitais.
Entrevista: Visualização do conhecimento na gestão das marcas
Authors: De Avila Ana Paula Santos , Rech Sandra , Maciel Dulce Holanda
Published: December 2019

Nesta entrevista, conversamos com Maria Collier de Mendonça, Pós-doutoranda em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. A pesquisadora investiga técnicas de visualização do conhecimento aplicadas à gestão de marcas. As perguntas abordam assuntos relacionados à sua trajetória profissional, publicidade, branding, marketing, design thinking e semiótica aplicada.
Reseña de Blockchain en Educación. Cadenas rompiendo moldes, de Antonio Bartolomé y José M. Moral
Authors: Cebrian Manuel
Published: December 2019

Reseña del libro “Blockchain en Educación. Cadenas rompiendo moldes”, publicado en la colección Transmedia XXI. Editado por Antonio Bartolomé y José Manuel Moral, recoge contribuciones de los principales actores en este campo tan nuevo como sorprendente. El libro explica qué son las Blockchain, cómo se aplican en la Educación, y advierte sobre las numerosas incógnitas de un futuro que, hoy por hoy, es impredecible.

Review of "Blockchain in Education. Chains breaking moulds", a new book published in the Transmedia XXI collection by LMI. Edited by Antonio Bartolomé and José Manuel Moral, it gathers contributions from the main actors in this new and surprising field. The book explains what Blockchain is, how they are applied in Education, and warns about the many unknowns of a future that, today, is unpredictable.
Notas de un enfoque creativo acerca de la creatividad
Authors: Rinaudo Cristina
Published: December 2019

Se trata de una descripción del libro con un análisis de su contenido y unas conclusiones para otros campos y para el futuro.

El libro se elabora sobre la base de una investigación llevada a cabo entre los años 1990 y 1995, en la Universidad de Chicago con el propósito de estudiar la creatividad a partir del análisis de datos biográficos proporcionados por 91 personas creativas, seleccionadas en función de la correspondencia con los siguientes criterios: 1) haber modificado un campo importante de la cultura, 2) estar aún en actividad, 3) tener al menos sesenta años y también 4) que las personas incluidas permitieran una amplia representación de contextos culturales. Parece oportuno mencionar aquí que el libro incluye dos interesantes apéndices, el primero de los cuales presenta breves retratos de las personalidades entrevistadas y el segundo una transcripción del protocolo de entrevistas que se usó durante el estudio.

Sobre las conclusiones para el futuro, la autora señala que "lo que más ayude a comprender la delimitación sugerida por Csikszentmihalyi sobre un campo del futuro y sobre esta conciencia de responsabilidad planetaria sea la mención de los problemas en los que trabajan estos cuatro entrevistados; a saber: ayudar al medio ambiente para controlar los efectos destructivos de la tecnología que parecen escapar al control humano; poner freno a la explotación irracional de los recursos naturales y las crecientes desigualdades entre países ricos y países pobres; cómo hacer del mundo un lugar seguro para todos, cómo tratar en escala manejable los problemas de la paz y cómo lograr el desarrollo del potencial de excelencia de todo ser humano, cualesquiera sean los oficios o profesiones a los que se dediquen."
Inducible knockout of ∆Np63 alters cell polarity and metabolism during pubertal mammary gland development
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Nandi Ajeya , Mahesh Aakash , Sinha Satrajit , Flores Elsa , Chakrabarti Rumela
Published: December 2019

The ∆Np63 isoform of the p53‐family transcription factor Trp63 is a key regulator of mammary epithelial stem cells that is involved in breast cancer development. To investigate the role of ∆Np63 at different stages of normal mammary gland development, we generated a ∆Np63‐inducible conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. We demonstrate that the deletion of ∆Np63 at puberty results in depletion of mammary stem cell‐enriched basal cells, reduces expression of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin, and leads to a closed ductal lumen. RNA‐sequencing analysis reveals reduced expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)‐associated proteins and desmosomal polarity proteins. Functional assays show reduced numbers of mitochondria in the mammary epithelial cells of ΔNp63 cKO compared to wild‐type, supporting the reduced OXPHOS phenotype. These findings identify a novel role for ∆Np63 in cellular metabolism and mammary epithelial cell polarity.
Liver tumor segmentation based on 3D convolutional neural network with dual scale
Authors: Meng Lu , Tian Yaoyu , Bu Sihang
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Liver is one of the organs with a high incidence of tumors in the human body. Malignant liver tumors seriously threaten human life and health. The difficulties of liver tumor segmentation from computed tomography (CT) image are: (a) The contrast between the liver tumors and healthy tissues in CT images is low and the boundary is blurred; (b) The image of liver tumor is complex and diversified in size, shape, and location.

Methods

To solve the above problems, this paper focused on the human liver and liver tumor segmentation algorithm based on convolutional neural network (CNN), and specially designed a three‐dimensional dual path multiscale convolutional neural network (TDP‐CNN). To balance the performance of segmentation and requirement of computational resources, the dual path was used in the network, then the feature maps from both paths were fused at the end of the paths. To refine the segmentation results, we used conditional random fields (CRF) to eliminate the false segmentation points in the segmentation results to improve the accuracy.

Results

In the experiment, we used the public dataset liver tumor segmentation (LiTS) to analyze the segmentation results qualitatively and quantitatively. Ground truth segmentation of liver and liver tumor was manually labeled by an experienced radiologist. Quantitative metrics were Dice, Hausdorff distance, and average distance. For the segmentation results of liver tumor, Dice was 0.689, Hausdorff distance was 7.69, and the average distance was 1.07; for the segmentation results of the liver, Dice was 0.965, Hausdorff distance was 29.162, and the average distance was 0.197. Compared with other liver and liver tumor segmentation algorithms in Medical Image Computing and Intervention (MICCAI) 2017 competition, our method of liver segmentation ranked first, and liver tumor segmentation ranked second.

Conclusions

The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm had good performance in both liver and liver tumor segmentation.
Sunlight‐Activated Self‐Healing Polymer Coatings
Authors: Odarczenko Michael , Thakare Dhawal , Li Wenle , Venkateswaran Sai P. , Sottos Nancy R. , White Scott R.
Published: December 2019

UV light can cause damage to polymer coatings used in transportation, oil, and agricultural industries, requiring costly repair or replacement of the coating. Herein, a self‐healing epoxy coating is developed so that UV light activates a desirable autonomous healing response to mechanical damage. The coatings contain a single type of microcapsule with a UV‐curable epoxy healing chemistry in the core and a novel UV‐protecting shell wall with embedded carbon black particles. Photo‐differential scanning calorimetry reveals that up to a 65% degree of protection is provided by the UV‐blocking shell wall after UV exposure. The addition of a polyurethane (PU) top coat provides further increase in the level of protection (≈100%). After damage with a scribe and exposure to UV, the presence of healed epoxy is confirmed by confocal Raman and fluorescent spectroscopy. The anticorrosion performance of healed coatings on steel substrates is assessed after exposure to a simulated saltwater solution. The UV‐curable, self‐healing coating exhibits significantly less corrosion than a control coating with no self‐healing ability.
δ‐CsPbI3 Intermediate Phase Growth Assisted Sequential Deposition Boosts Stable and High‐Efficiency Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shaofu , Jin Junjun , Qi Yuyang , Liu Pei , Xia Yu , Jiang Yun , He Rong‐Xiang , Chen Bolei , Liu Yumin , Zhao Xing‐Zhong
Published: December 2019

Cs/FA/MA triple cation perovskite films have been well developed in the antisolvent dripping method, attributable to its outstanding photovoltaic and stability performances. However, a facile and effective strategy is still lacking for fabricating high‐quality large‐grain triple cation perovskite films via sequential deposition method a, which is one of the key technologies for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, a δ‐CsPbI3 intermediate phase growth (CsPbI3‐IPG) assisted sequential deposition method is demonstrated for the first time. The approach not only achieves incorporation of controllable cesium into (FAPbI3)1–x(MAPbBr3)x perovskite, but also enlarges the perovskite grains, manipulates the crystallization, modulates the bandgap, and improves the stability of final perovskite films. The photovoltaic performances of the devices based on these Cs/FA/MA perovskite films with various amounts of the δ‐CsPbI3 intermediate phase are investigated systematically. Benefiting from moderate cesium incorporation and intermediate phase‐assisted grain growth, the optimized Cs/FA/MA perovskite solar cells exhibit a significantly improved power conversion efficiency and operational stability of unencapsulated devices. This facile strategy provides new insights into the compositional engineering of triple or quadruple cation perovskite materials with enlarged grains and superior stability via a sequential deposition method.
Mechanical Response of Neural Cells to Physiologically Relevant Stiffness Gradients
Authors: Kayal Céline , Moeendarbary Emad , Shipley Rebecca J. , Phillips James B.
Published: December 2019

Understanding the influence of the mechanical environment on neurite behavior is crucial in the development of peripheral nerve repair solutions, and could help tissue engineers to direct and guide regeneration. In this study, a new protocol to fabricate physiologically relevant hydrogel substrates with controlled mechanical cues is proposed. These hydrogels allow the analysis of the relative effects of both the absolute stiffness value and the local stiffness gradient on neural cell behavior, particularly for low stiffness values (1–2 kPa). NG108‐15 neural cell behavior is studied using well‐characterized collagen gradient substrates with stiffness values ranging from 1 to 10 kPa and gradient slopes of either 0.84 or 7.9 kPa mm−1. It is found that cell orientation is influenced by specific combinations of stiffness value and stiffness gradient. The results highlight the importance of considering the type of hydrogel as well as both the absolute value of the stiffness and the steepness of its gradient, thus introducing a new framework for the development of tissue engineered scaffolds and the study of substrate stiffness.
Catalysis of a Single Transition Metal Site for Water Oxidation: From Mononuclear Molecules to Single Atoms
Authors: Zhang Huayang , Tian Wenjie , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Hongqi , Liu Shaomin , Wang Shaobin
Published: December 2019

Low‐cost, nonprecious transition metal (TM) catalysts toward efficient water oxidation are of critical importance to future sustainable energy technologies. The advances in structure engineering of water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) with single TM centers as active sites, for example, single metallic molecular complexes (SMMCs), supported SMMCs, and single‐atom catalysts (SACs) in recent reports are examined. The efforts made on these configurations in terms of design principle, advanced characterization, performances and theoretical studies, are critically reviewed. A clear roadmap with the correlations between the single‐TM‐site‐based structures (coordination and geometric structure, TM species, support), and the catalytic performances in water oxidation is provided. The insights bridging SMMCs with SACs are also given. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the single‐TM‐site catalysis are proposed.
Droplet Self‐Propelling Control on Bioinspired Fiber in Low Temperature and High Humidity Environment
Authors: Hou Yongping , Xing Yan , Feng Shile , Gao Chunlei , Zhou Hu , Zheng Yongmei
Published: December 2019

In low temperature and high humidity environment, the self‐propelling of droplet on normal wettable gradient surface is often out of control. Here, inspired by surface features of wetted spider silk and cactus, a kind of multilevel‐structure bioinspired fiber (BSF) with multigradients is fabricated via a novel gas‐bubble template‐assisted electrodeposition. The multilevel structures are used to control the state of the condensed droplets and make multigradients still work in low temperature and high humidity environment, while the multigradients provide multiple driving forces to overcome resistance. More importantly, one of driving forces, i.e., the coalescence driving force, can be controlled via the temperature. Therefore, the BSF can not only realize the desired self‐propelling of deposited droplet in low temperature and high humidity environment similar to wetted spider silk and cactus, but also present the controllability of movement. The results may assist in the design of functional surfaces required for cold environment or high humidity, e.g., low temperature microreactors, chemical analytics under specific conditions, and sensors.
Design of Anti‐UV Radiation Textiles with Self‐Assembled Metal–Organic Framework Coating
Authors: Li Gao‐Peng , Cao Feng , Zhang Kun , Hou Lei , Gao Rui‐Cheng , Zhang Wen‐Yan , Wang Yao‐Yu
Published: December 2019

Anti‐UV radiation surface coating is a powerful approach to fabricate functional textile materials that are essential for outdoor workers to protect their skin from several diseases. However, the achievement of such anti‐UV radiation coating with a facile procedure is still very challenging, as current fabrication protocols usually require sophisticated equipment, complicated procedures, and using of hazardous chemicals. In this work, a novel coating technology involving in situ self‐assembly of metal–organic frameworks is reported to fabricate anti‐UV radiation fabrics through a single solid‐phase hot‐pressing step. The in situ generated nanocrystalline microparticles of InOF‐1 are firmly mounted on the surface of three kinds of fabrics (including cotton, polyester, and aramid), imparting significant improving in UV‐blocking property with light robustness loss.
Remarkable Mechanochromism in Blends of a π‐Conjugated Polymer P3TEOT: The Role of Conformational Transitions and Aggregation
Authors: Zessin Johanna , Schnepf Max , Oertel Ulrich , Beryozkina Tetyana , König Tobias A. F. , Fery Andreas , Mertig Michael , Kiriy Anton
Published: December 2019

A novel mechanism for well‐pronounced mechanochromism in blends of a π‐conjugated polymer based on reversible conformational transitions of a chromophore rather than caused by its aggregation state, is exemplified. Particularly, a strong stretching‐induced bathochromic shift of the light absorption, or hypsochromic shift of the emission, is found in blends of the water‐soluble poly(3‐tri(ethylene glycol)) (P3TEOT) embedded into the matrix of thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol. This counterintuitive phenomenon is explained in terms of the concentration dependency of the P3TEOT's aggregation state, which in turn results in different molecular conformations and optical properties. A molecular flexibility, provided by low glass transition temperature of P3TEOT, and the fact that P3TEOT adopts an intermediate, moderately planar conformation in the solid state, are responsible for the unusual complex mechanochromic behavior.
Chicago Youths’ Exposure to Community Violence: Contextualizing Spatial Dynamics of Violence and the Relationship With Psychological Functioning
Authors: DaViera Andrea L. , Roy Amanda L.
Published: December 2019

This study explores where and when community violence exposure (CVE) matters for psychological functioning in a sample of low‐income, racial/ethnic minority youth (M) age = 16.17, 55% female, 69% Black, and 31% Non‐Black/Latinx) living in Chicago. CVE was measured with violent crime data that were geocoded in terms of distance from youths’ home and school addresses, and then calculated in terms of three distinct spatial dynamics: chronicity, pervasiveness, and spatial proximity. These measures reflect indirect/objective CVE across different conceptualizations of time, space, and neighborhood context. We tested the relationship between each CVE measure and trait anxiety and behavioral and cognitive dysregulation while controlling for youth‐reported, direct violent victimization (e.g., being attacked) to examine how indirect/objective CVE occurring within youths’ neighborhood contexts matters beyond direct/subjective violence exposure. Results revealed that long‐term chronic, pervasive, and spatially proximal CVE was related to higher levels of behavioral dysfunction. In contrast, CVE within home‐ and school‐based neighborhoods interacted to predict trait anxiety; youth living in low‐crime neighborhoods and attending schools in high‐crime neighborhoods had the highest rates of trait anxiety. Measuring CVE within both home and school neighborhoods at specific spatial measurements and time frames is critical to understand and prevent the consequences of CVE.
Approach to overgrowth syndromes in the genome era
Authors: Burkardt Deepika D. , Tatton‐Brown Katrina , Dobyns William , Graham John M.
Published: December 2019

This introduction to the special issue of AJMG Part C: Overgrowth Syndromes updates the current understanding of overgrowth syndromes. We clarify the terminology associated with overgrowth, review some common pathways to overgrowth and present a preliminary classification based on currently known genomic and epigenetic mechanisms. We introduce the articles of this issue—new research and reviews of well‐established and recently described overgrowth syndromes of the brain, body or both.
Use of cultivated foods and matrix habitat by Bale monkeys in forest fragments: Assessing local human attitudes and perceptions
Authors: Mekonnen Addisu , Fashing Peter J. , Bekele Afework , Stenseth Nils Chr.
Published: December 2019

Primates inhabiting human‐modified landscapes often exploit matrix habitat to supplement their diet with cultivated foods, at times resulting in economic losses and conflict with local people. Understanding human‐nonhuman primate interactions and the attitudes and perceptions of local people towards crop feeding species are crucial to designing effective species‐based management plans. Over a 12‐month period, we used scan sampling to study the consumption of cultivated foods and matrix use patterns by two habituated groups of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis), Ethiopian‐endemic bamboo specialists, in two forest fragments (Kokosa and Afursa) set amidst human settlements and farmland in the southern Ethiopian Highlands. Further, we conducted interviews with local people to document their attitudes and perceptions towards Bale monkeys at the two sites. We found that Bale monkeys at Kokosa, a more degraded habitat by most measures, consumed significantly more cultivated foods than their counterparts at Afursa. Moreover, Bale monkeys at Kokosa spent significantly more time in the matrix than in the forest habitat, while monkeys at Afursa spent significantly less time in the matrix than in the forest habitat. Not surprisingly, local people displayed a more negative attitude towards monkeys inhabiting Kokosa than those inhabiting Afursa. The differences in Bale monkey cultivated food consumption and matrix use patterns—as well as in local people's attitudes and perceptions towards Bale monkeys—between Kokosa and Afursa are probably associated with differences in habitat structure, degree of habitat alteration, and land‐use practices between the sites. We conclude that to ensure long‐term coexistence between Bale monkeys and local people in human‐modified landscapes, it is vital to incorporate nearby matrix habitats into management plans and to work closely with local communities to develop effective nonlethal crop protection strategies, thereby reducing the likelihood of negative interactions between Bale monkeys and humans.
Chronic rhinosinusitis precipitated by tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors is the phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Peter , Devins Kyle , Tong Charles Ching Lick , Yver Christina , Patel Neil N. , Kuhar Hannah N. , Bosso John V. , Kohanski Michael A. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Kuan Edward C. , Batra Pete S. , Cohen Noam A. , Kennedy David W. , Palmer James N. , Montone Kathy , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: December 2019

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frequently observed condition in patients with immunodeficiency secondary to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFαis). The histologic features of CRS caused by TNFαis have yet to be determined and may have important implications in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease process.

Methods

A structured histopathology report was used to analyze sinus tissue removed during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). These structured histopathology variables were compared among patients with CRS on TNFαi (CRSαi), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) patients, and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients.

Results

Eighteen CRSαi, 91 CRSwNP, and 113 CRSsNP patients undergoing FESS were analyzed. Compared to CRSsNP, CRSαi patients exhibited increased mucosal ulceration (16.7% vs 0.9%, p < 0.008), increased fibrosis (100% vs 34.5%, p < 0.001), and increased presence of Charcot‐Leiden crystals (16.7% vs 0%, p < 0.002). Compared to CRSwNP, CRSαi patients demonstrated increased fibrosis (100% vs 54.9%, p < 0.001), decreased presence of subepithelial edema (44.4% vs 69.2% p < 0.043), decreased eosinophil aggregates (22.2% vs 47.3% p < 0.042), and fewer eosinophils per high‐power field (44.4% vs 73.6%, p < 0.017).

Conclusion

CRSαi exhibits structured histopathology more similar to CRSsNP. In the appropriate clinical context, it may be reasonable that the medical regimen for these patients be focused on a more antineutrophilic, macrolide‐based approach. This study provides insight into the inflammatory environment of patients with CRSαi and may have implications for disease management.
Ligand‐Controlled Direct γ‐C−H Arylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Li Bijin , Lawrence Brianna , Li Guigen , Ge Haibo
Published: December 2019

The first example of PdII‐catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H functionalization of aliphatic and benzoheteroaryl aldehydes has been developed using a transient ligand and an external ligand, concurrently. A wide array of γ‐arylated aldehydes were readily accessed without preinstalling internal directing groups. The catalytic mechanism was studied by performing deuterium‐labelling experiments, which indicated that the γ‐C(sp3)−H bond cleavage is the rate‐limiting step during the reaction process. This reaction could be performed on a gram scale, and also demonstrated its potential application in the synthesis of new mechanofluorochromic materials with blue‐shifted mechanochromic properties.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Amido Benzyl Alcohols: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4H‐3,1‐Benzoxazines
Authors: Rajkumar Subramani , Tang Mengyao , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: December 2019

An efficient method for the asymmetric synthesis of 4H‐3,1‐benzoxazines was developed by kinetic resolution of 2‐amido benzyl alcohols using chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed intramolecular cyclizations. A broad range of benzyl alcohols (both secondary and tertiary alcohols) were kinetically resolved with high selectivities, with an s factor of up to 94. Mechanistic studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism of these reactions, wherein the amide moieties reacted as the electrophiles. Gram‐scale reaction and facile transformations of the chiral products demonstrate the potential of this method in asymmetric synthesis of biologically active chiral heterocycles.
Construction of Hierarchical Nanotubes Assembled from Ultrathin V3S4@C Nanosheets towards Alkali‐Ion Batteries with Ion‐Dependent Electrochemical Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Zehang , Sun Xuan , Lin Yue , Tan Ke , Sun Jinfeng , Liang Longwei , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: December 2019

Ultrathin core–shell V3S4@C nanosheets assembled into hierarchical nanotubes (V3S4@C NS‐HNTs) are synthesized by a self‐template strategy and evaluated as general anodes for alkali‐ion batteries. Structural/physicochemical characterizations and DFT calculations bring insights into the intrinsic relationship between crystal structures and electrochemical mechanisms of the V3S4@C NS‐HNTs electrode. The V3S4@C NS‐HNTs are endowed with strong structural rigidness owing to the layered VS2 subunits and interlayer occupied V atoms, and efficient alkali‐ion adsorption/diffusion thanks to the electroactive V3S4‐C interfaces. The resulting V3S4@C NS‐HNTs anode exhibit distinct alkali‐ion‐dependent charge storage mechanisms and exceptional long‐durability cyclic performance in storage of K+, benefiting from synergistic contributions of pseudocapacitive and reversible intercalation/de‐intercalation behaviors superior to those of the conversion‐reaction‐based Li+‐/Na+‐storage counterparts.
Photoinduced Mo−CN Bond Breakage in Octacyanomolybdate Leading to Spin Triplet Trapping
Authors: Qi Xinghui , Pillet Sébastien , de Graaf Coen , Magott Michał , Bendeif El‐Eulmi , Guionneau Philippe , Rouzières Mathieu , Marvaud Valérie , Stefańczyk Olaf , Pinkowicz Dawid , Mathonière Corine
Published: December 2019

The photoinduced properties of the octacoordinated complex K4MoIV(CN)8⋅2 H2O were studied by theoretical calculations, crystallography, and optical and magnetic measurements. The crystal structure recorded at 10 K after blue light irradiation reveals an heptacoordinated Mo(CN)7 species originating from the light‐induced cleavage of one Mo−CN bond, concomitant with the photoinduced formation of a paramagnetic signal. When this complex is heated to 70 K, it returns to its original diamagnetic ground state, demonstrating full reversibility. The photomagnetic properties show a partial conversion into a triplet state possessing significant magnetic anisotropy, which is in agreement with theoretical studies. Inspired by these results, we isolated the new compound [K(crypt‐222)]3[MoIV(CN)7]⋅3 CH3CN using a photochemical pathway, confirming that photodissociation leads to a stable heptacyanomolybdate(IV) species in solution.
Two Four‐Coordinate and Seven‐Coordinate CoII Complexes Based on the Bidentate Ligand 1, 8‐Naphthyridine Showing Slow Magnetic Relaxation Behavior
Authors: Huang Xing‐Cai , Xu Rui , Chen Yong‐Zhi , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Shao Dong
Published: December 2019

For a long time, the cobalt(II) complex ([Co(napy)4](ClO4)2) (napy=1, 8‐naphthyridine) has been considered as an eight‐coordinate complex without any structural proof. After careful considerations, two complexes [Co(napy)2Cl2] (1) and [Co(napy)4](ClO4)2 (2) based on the bidentate ligand napy were synthesized and structurally characterized. X‐ray single‐crystal structural determination showed that the cobalt(II) center in [Co(napy)2Cl2] (1) is four‐coordinate with a tetrahedral geometry (Td), while [Co(napy)4](ClO4)2 (2) is seven‐coordinate rather than eight‐coordinate with a capped trigonal prism geometry (C2v). Direct‐current (dc) magnetic data revealed that complexes 1 and 2 possess positive zero‐field splitting (ZFS) parameters of 11.08 and 25.30 cm−1, respectively, with easy‐plane magnetic anisotropy. Alternating current(ac) susceptibility measurements revealed that both complexes showed slow magnetic relaxation behaviour. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the presence of easy‐plane magnetic anisotropy (D>0) for complexes 1 and 2 is in agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, these results pave the way to obtain four‐coordinate and seven‐coordinate cobalt(II) single‐ion magnets (SIMs) by using a bidentate ligand.
Furan‐Derived Chiral Bicycloaziridino Lactone Synthon: Collective Syntheses of Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu), (S)‐Pipecolic acid and its 3‐Hydroxy Derivatives
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Kadam Appasaheb L. , Shinde Shrikrishna S. , Gonnade Rajesh G.
Published: December 2019

A unified synthetic strategy for oseltamivir phosphate (tamiflu), (S)‐pipecolic acid, and its 3‐hydroxy derivatives from furan derived common chiral bicycloaziridino lactone synthon is described here. Key features are the short (4‐steps), enantiopure, and decagram‐scale synthesis of common chiral synthon from furan and its first‐ever application in the total synthesis of biologically active compounds by taking the advantages of high functionalization ability of chiral synthon.
Exploring Anxiety at Home, School, and in the Community Through Self‐Report From Children on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Adams Dawn , Simpson Kate , Keen Deb
Published: December 2019

Research investigating anxiety in children on the autism spectrum usually reports caregiver rather than self‐report perspectives. This study aimed to document children's own descriptions of their anxiety symptomatology by combining profiles on a standardized autism‐specific self‐report measure of anxiety (ASC‐ASD‐C) with the answers from closed‐ and open‐answer questions about anxiety across home, school, and community settings. Across the sample of 113 children on the spectrum aged 6–14 years, the two most frequently endorsed items on the ASC‐ASD‐C were from the Uncertainty and Performance Anxiety subscales, and the least endorsed were both from the Anxious Arousal subscale. Almost all (96.5%) of the children on the spectrum reported experiencing anxiety in at least one setting, with 40.7% reporting anxiety in all three contexts (home, school, and community). Approximately half of the sample felt their anxiety goes unrecognized by others at school and almost 60% felt it was unrecognized by others when out in the community. The proportion of children reporting having someone to help reduce their anxiety differed across home (86%), school (76%), and community (45%) settings. This highlights the importance of understanding anxiety and its impact, not only within the context of autism but also for each particular child. Autism Res 2020, 13: 603–614. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay summary

There has been a lot of research focusing on anxiety and autism, but most of it has used parent reports, rather than asking the child themselves. This study summarizes data from 113 children on the autism spectrum, aged 6–14 years. It reports the symptoms of anxiety that these children most and least commonly experience. The results suggest only 40–50% of children feel that others are able to recognize their anxiety at school and when out in the community, suggesting that more training is needed to help adults in these settings to recognize and support anxiety.
Measuring the effects on learning performance and engagement with a gamified social platform in an MSc program
Authors: Garcia‐Cabot Antonio , Garcia‐Lopez Eva , Caro‐Alvaro Sergio , Gutierrez‐Martinez Jose‐Maria , de‐Marcos Luis
Published: December 2019

New generations of students are highly involved with technology. Therefore, while coming to traditional classrooms, it is required to call for different forms of teaching that are more motivating and engaging for them. One approach to this problem is combining games and education. Gamification could be defined as the use of game design elements in non‐game contexts. The research gap in the literature could be found in requiring more experimental studies assessing if gamification can improve learning outcomes. To this end, this paper further contributes to determining if a gamified social e‐learning platform can improve the learning performance and engagement of MSc students. The developed platform combined submission of activities with points, achievements, leaderboards, and rewards (with a virtual store) and social elements such as friends, forums, Q&A, blogs, and microblogging. Results show that, indeed, social gamification is a suitable technique to improve the learning outcome of students, at least for those skills related to programming, providing more communication skills and producing more engagement and motivation while using the platform.
Changing trends in cancer incidence of upper aerodigestive tract and stomach in Japanese alcohol‐dependent men (1993‐2018)
Authors: Yokoyama Akira , Omori Tai , Yokoyama Tetsuji
Published: December 2019

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), head and neck SCC (HNSCC), and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) are frequently detected at an early stage using endoscopic screening in Japanese alcohol‐dependent men.

Methods

We performed endoscopic screening with esophageal iodine staining and oropharyngolaryngeal inspection in 7582 Japanese alcohol‐dependent men (40‐79 years) during 1993‐2018, and retrospectively investigated their initial screening results.

Results

The 2008‐2018 screening showed lower detection rates for ESCC (2.6% vs 4.0%, P = .0009) and GA (0.5% vs 1.4%, P < .0001) for all age brackets, compared with the 1993‐2007 screening. The HNSCC detection rate did not change (1.0% vs 1.1%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the 2008‐2018 screening had a reduced OR (95% CI) for ESCC (0.34 [0.25‐0.47]) and GA (0.19 [0.10‐0.35]), compared with the 1993–2007 screening. The reduction in H pylori infection is probably the main reason for the decrease in GA detection over time. Declining trends in pack‐years and gastric atrophy and increasing trends in age and body mass index (BMI) were found over time. The presence of advanced gastric atrophy increased the risk for ESCC as well as GA. The inactive heterozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2*1/*2 genotype was a strong risk factor for ESCC, HNSCC, and GA. Fewer pack‐years and a larger BMI decreased the ESCC risk. However, these confounders cannot fully explain why the incidence of ESCC has decreased markedly over the recent decade.

Conclusions

The detection rates of ESCC and GA have markedly decreased during the past decade in the alcohol‐dependent population. The enigmatic declining trend of ESCC warrants research on this topic.
Four New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from The Roots of Aconitum coreanum
Authors: Xu Jin‐Bu , Luo Yan‐Yan , Huang Shuai , Gao Feng , Zhou Xian‐Li
Published: December 2019

Four new hetisine‐type C20‐diterpenoid alkaloids, named as coreanines A–D (1–4), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum coreanum, together with thirteen known alkaloids (5–17). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including IR, HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR techniques. All the isolated compounds were screened for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects, and none of them showed considerable inhibitory activity.
Hexagonal Molybdenum Trioxide (h‐MoO3) as an Electrode Material for Rechargeable Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Joseph Jickson , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: December 2019

Aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries are at an early development stage and there is a need to discover new electrode materials for the fabrication of high energy density devices. To address this issue, we investigate MoO3 nanowires as a possible electrode material for use in rechargeable Al‐ion batteries that can operate in aqueous conditions. We present a hexagonal structure of MoO3 microrods as an Al‐ion intercalation host material and show its first‐time use as a potential electrode for an aqueous Al‐ion battery system. This yields a discharge capacity of approximately 300 mAh g−1 for 150 cycles and around 90 % retention after 400 cycles at a current density of 3 A g−1. The utilization of this type of material and aqueous electrolytes guarantees both safety during operation and simple recycling of spent batteries.
How to manage lymph nodes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Harter Philipp , Heitz Florian , Ataseven Beyhan , Schneider Stephanie , Baert Thais , Prader Sonia , du Bois Andreas
Published: December 2019

The indication for staging lymphadenectomy in patients with ovarian cancer (both early‐ and late‐stage disease) has been a major topic of debate in the last decades. Because the Lymphadenectomy in Ovarian Neoplasms (LION) study has recently demonstrated that systematic lymphadenectomy is not beneficial to patients with advanced ovarian cancer, the discussion has become more complex for patients with early‐stage ovarian cancer. Further factors, such as differences in the lymph node metastasis rates of different histologic subtypes, which were not known in the past, need to be taken into account. This review is focused on the available evidence concerning lymphadenectomy in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer.
Feeble Fish in Time‐Dependent Waters and Homogenization of the G‐equation
Authors: Burago Dmitri , Ivanov Sergei , Novikov Alexei
Published: December 2019

We study the following control problem. A fish with bounded aquatic locomotion speed swims in fast waters. Can this fish, under reasonable assumptions, get to a desired destination? It can, even if the flow is time dependent. Moreover, given a prescribed sufficiently large timet, it can be there at exactly the timet. The major difference from our previous work is the time dependence of the flow. We also give an application to homogenization of the G‐equation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of Effect of Rezafungin on QT/QTc Interval in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Flanagan Shawn , Goodman Daniel B. , Jandourek Alena , O'Reilly Terry , Sandison Taylor
Published: December 2019

Rezafungin is a new echinocandin in development for treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis, and for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections. Rezafungin is the first echinocandin to undergo definitive QT/QTc study. This phase 1, single‐center, randomized, double‐blind trial was conducted to assess effects of intravenous rezafungin vs intravenous placebo (with moxifloxacin as positive control) on the QT interval of the electrocardiogram, corrected for heart rate by Fridericia's formula (QTcF), in healthy adults. Therapeutic (600 mg) and supratherapeutic (1400 mg) rezafungin doses were selected to achieve exposures 2.5‐fold higher than produced by the highest dose used in a phase 2 trial (400 mg once weekly). The primary end point was change in QTcF from baseline (ΔQTcF) as a function of plasma concentration, assessed by comparing upper bounds of the 2‐sided 90% confidence interval. The estimated mean ΔΔQTcF at the mean plasma concentrations for the rezafungin doses had upper bounds <10 milliseconds, within the upper bound of the 2‐sided 90% confidence interval. Intravenous rezafungin up to 1400 mg in a single dose did not prolong QT interval and had no apparent effect on repolarization or QRS duration. Electrocardiogram results showed no clinically significant effects of concern. These findings support the continued development of rezafungin.
The Composite of CuO/Diatomaceous Shale Prepared by Hydrothermal Method and Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Cao Binhua , Wang Zhijun , Chen Qiao , Wang Yongqian
Published: December 2019

Photocatalytic degradation is a new wastewater treatment technology, in which copper oxide (CuO) is a common photocatalyst. Herein, diatomaceous shale is used to load nanoscale CuO, which can, on the one hand, improve the photocatalytic performance, and on the other hand, reduce the cost of catalyst preparation. Furthermore, the morphology, crystal structures, and optical properties of the composite of CuO/diatomaceous shale are studied by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, UV–vis spectrophotometer, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Through the study of different experimental conditions, the reusability test demonstrates that the morphology and distribution status of CuO nanostructures are controllable. In addition, a group of composite catalysts prepared under the best technological conditions is selected to conduct the actual sewage degradation experiment, and the results show that the prepared composite of CuO/diatomaceous shale has a good degradation effect on sewage. These findings provide an insight into the design and synthesis of new CuO‐based composites to effectively improve their photocatalytic performance.
Properties of Novel Polyesters Made from Renewable 1,4‐Pentanediol
Authors: Stadler Bernhard M. , Brandt Adrian , Kux Alexander , Beck Horst , de Vries Johannes G.
Published: December 2019

Novel polyester polyols were prepared in high yields from biobased 1,4‐pentanediol catalyzed by non‐toxic phosphoric acid without using a solvent. These oligomers are terminated with hydroxyl groups and have low residual acid content, making them suitable for use in adhesives by polyurethane formation. The thermal behavior of the polyols was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing was performed on the derived polyurethanes. The results were compared with those of polyurethanes obtained with fossil‐based 1,4‐butanediol polyester polyols. Surprisingly, it was found that a crystalline polyester was obtained when aliphatic long‐chain diacids (>C12) were used as the diacid building block. The low melting point of the C12 diacid‐based material allows the development of biobased shape‐memory polymers with very low switching temperatures (<0 °C), an effect that has not yet been reported for a material based on a simple binary polyester. This might find application as thermosensitive adhesives in the packaging of temperature‐sensitive goods such as pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, these results indicate that, although 1,4‐pentanediol cannot be regarded as a direct substitute for 1,4‐butanediol, its novel structure expands the toolbox of the adhesives, coatings, or sealants formulators.
Highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of ovary: Use of imprint cytology at intraoperative consultation
Authors: Dobi Alice , Kim Sun A. , Zhang Ming , Iames Edward , Lamzabi Ihab
Published: December 2019

Highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of ovary (HDFCO) is a rare entity known to arise in struma ovarii. Clinical presentation and radiological features mimic other cystic ovarian neoplasm. Thus, intraoperative diagnosis of this entity can be challenging. We hereby report a HDFCO case of a 52‐year‐old woman, who presented with significant abdominal bloating for 3 months. Imaging showed a 11.7 cm left adnexal‐mixed cystic and solid mass, adhering to the bowel with ascites. The mass was examined intraoperatively and showed multilocular cysts filled with straw or red brown‐colored gelatinous fluid. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of small and large follicles with proteinous material and bland‐looking cuboidal cells, suspicious for struma ovarii or granulosa cell tumor with extensive cystic changes, while imprint cytology slides showed watery colloid with cracking artifact favoring the former. However, the adherence to the bowel suggested HDFCO, and prompted surgical staging. The histology of the ovarian mass in the permanent section resembled goiterous thyroid tissue with invasion of endocervical stroma, uterine wall and colonic serosa, and presence of tumor nodules in omentum leading to the diagnosis of HDFCO. Due to striking resemblance of HDFCO to benign thyroid goiter, searching for invasive and metastatic foci is crucial for correct diagnosis. In addition, intraoperative imprint cytology revealing colloid with cracking artifact is helpful for differentiating struma ovarii and/or HDFCO from other ovarian lesions.
Interplay between morphogen‐directed positional information systems and physiological signaling
Authors: Huizar Francisco , Soundarrajan Dharsan , Paravitorghabeh Ramezan , Zartman Jeremiah
Published: December 2019

The development of an organism from an undifferentiated single cell into a spatially complex structure requires spatial patterning of cell fates across tissues. Positional information, proposed by Lewis Wolpert in 1969, has led to the characterization of many components involved in regulating morphogen signaling activity. However, how morphogen gradients are established, maintained, and interpreted by cells still is not fully understood. Quantitative and systems‐based approaches are increasingly needed to define general biological design rules that govern positional information systems in developing organisms. This short review highlights a selective set of studies that have investigated the roles of physiological signaling in modulating and mediating morphogen‐based pattern formation. Similarities between neural transmission and morphogen‐based pattern formation mechanisms suggest underlying shared principles of active cell‐based communication. Within larger tissues, neural networks provide directed information, via physiological signaling, that supplements positional information through diffusion. Further, mounting evidence demonstrates that physiological signaling plays a role in ensuring robustness of morphogen‐based signaling. We conclude by highlighting several outstanding questions regarding the role of physiological signaling in morphogen‐based pattern formation. Elucidating how physiological signaling impacts positional information is critical for understanding the close coupling of developmental and cellular processes in the context of development, disease, and regeneration.