bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Designing an Adjustable Metal Cut off Machine
Authors: Audin Jade B. Gagno  , Jane P. Guzman  , Andy P. Garcia
Published: July 2024

Nowadays metal-cutting equipment is in demand in the market because of the different construction process not only on this infrastructure but also on the training process of different schools that offer qualification under the metals and engineering sector. Cutting these metals may also affect the budgetary cost of the output. Cut off machines are commonly used for this purpose. Cut off machines that are produced in the industry seem to be more expensive not just because of the parts but also because of the use of the consumption of the disc. Cut off machines uses #14 cut off disc. After using it there is always a residual disc that is having a diameter of 12 cm. This residual disc is almost the size of the disc of an angle grinder which is having a #7 cutting discs that almost cost 80 pesos. Also, this cut off machine cannot cut at your desired angle. Upon this issue, the researcher came up with developing and designing an adjustable metal cutter that can maximize the use of the disc and can cut at a different angle, As the result of the project almost 6 cm diameter was the maximum size of the waste disc. This machine can be used in the metals and engineering sector, specifically in SMAW, welding shops, construction companies, and others related to metal workings. This has also become economical because some parts of the machine are recyclable materials. A full factorial design of the experiment is selected for experimental planning and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been employed. Upon the evaluation, the adjustable metal cut off machine passed the level of (1) acceptability (2) functionality and (3) safety of the product.
Traditional Foods of Ilokanos
Authors: Wendelyn R. Talbo
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to discover the traditional foods of Ilokanos in the Province of Ilocos Sur. Employing a phenomenological design, in-depth interview with 27 elders, and triangulated by observations was conducted. The study found out that Ilokanos, from all walks of life, still embraced the importance of traditional foods such as buga, karot, ballaiba, papait, and tabtaba. These foods served as rice substitutes, especially in crisis times, believing these have nutritious values to satisfy daily energy requirements. Ilokanos practice easy ways to prepare these traditional foods for consumption. The traditional foods for Ilokanos are seasonal, the community knows how to preserve for future utilization to be appreciated by the next generation. These important traditional foods are unknown to the younger generation because they are already endangered due to pollution, and abuse, and are seldom served during social gatherings. The researcher recommended that in-depth studies be undertaken to explore other opportunities and future research about the nutritional components of these traditional foods.
Cubyertos de Kawayan
Authors: Shean M. Condino  , Fraulein Claire G. Ronquillo  , Michelle M. Pacpaco
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to determine the acceptability of bamboo cutlery products, primarily tableware, to lessen the use of plastic cutleries and to be the most sought–after store offering eco-friendly and sustainable products by assisting in the elimination of single–use plastic waste while making a meaningful impact on the lives of the people in the Province of Ilocos Sur. The objective of the study is to promote the usage of eco-friendly products as a replacement for plastic cutleries; it serves as a contributor to the action needed by the government to combat environmental destruction and for environmental protection, and to preserve the culture of Ilokanos in using wooden or bamboo cutleries. Alongside the personal factors of the respondents, the extent of knowledge of the residents of Ilocos Sur about bamboo products was also identified about how feasible the bamboo cutlery once established. The study utilized the simple random sampling technique to determine the sample size of the respondents, which utilized frequency and percentage to determine the profile, familiarity, and marketability of bamboo products. The result showed a great familiarity with bamboo products, wherein the respondents stated their keen interest in such products. There is a "High" possibility that the feasibility of the Cubyertos de Kawayan will be established.
Investment and Joint Venture Potentials in the Cooperative Sector
Authors: Pio Ferdinand l. Lamarca
Published: July 2024

"All great reforms, great movements, come from the bottom, not the top... Wherever there is a wrong, point cut to all the world, and you can trust the people to act."John Peter Atgeld
The Problems of UNP College Freshmen Student Boarders and Their Impact on their Academic Performance
Authors: Concepcion B. Azares  , Gertrudes C. Cabebe
Published: July 2024

The study Investigated on the common problems of the UNP College student boarders in terms of conditions like: physical/environmental, social and psychological, as well as economic, and all those relative to their living quarters away from home. Focusing on College Freshmen student boarders,  attempted to assess the impact of their problems to their academic performance. House facilities and location of boarding houses significantly affected the students' academic achievement while structure and cleanliness/sanitation had no significant effect to the same. The relationship between boarders and landlady/landlord together with problems relative to policies and regulations of boarding houses significantly affected their academic achievement. Other conditions with significant effects were good services which were not usually satisfactory. Hopefully, this study assists the university administration in its formulation of student services for their welfare and development as well as owners/proprietors of boarding houses and dormitories for the improvement of conditions in these living quarters for the vetterment of students' academic performance.
Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacological Testing of "Sanggumay" Orchid (Dendrobium superhum Reichb.)
Authors: Solita Evangeline S. Bañez
Published: July 2024

This study primarily aimed to perform phytochemical screening and pharmacological testing on a locally abundant orchid that grows widely in Cervantes, Ilocos Sur commonly known as "Sanggumay" orchid (Dendrobium superbum Reichb.) This experimental investigation determined the chemical substances present in both the stems and leaves and determined the pharmacological effects of the ethanol extract using male Swiss mice as test animals in terms of analgesia and toxicity. The following chemical substances like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponims and sterols were found to be present in both the stems and leaves of "Sanggumay" orchid (Dendrobium superbum Reichb.)There are pharmacological effects of the ethanol extract (screened substances( using male Swiss mice as test animals. Under the conditions of this test, the ethanol extract showed that it has an analgesic activity when administeredorally to male Swiss mice; it produced a 6.25%, 31.25% and 56.25% protection against writhing at 500, 1000 and 1,500 mg/kg, respectively. The approximate Lethal Dose (ALD) of the sample ethanol extract of "Sanggumay" orchid administered orally in male Swiss mice is 2,500 mg/kg. Toxidrome ranged from ptosis, decreased motor activity and convulsion leading to the deaths of male Swiss mice. In the autopsy findings, all mice that died immediately and those sacrificed and autopsied after fourteen (14) days had grossly normal findings.
Incidence of Tetanus Neonatorum Among Infants in Upland Municipalities of llocos Sur
Authors: Julita R. Doniego
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted to determine the incidence of tetanus neonatorum among infants born to mothers with tetanus toxoid immunization in upland municipalities of llocos Sur. The respondents of this study were 33 mothers who delivered a baby with tetanus neonatorum in the upland municipalities of /locos Sur. A questionnairesupplemented with informal interview with the respondents was used in gathering the data. Frequency counts and percentages were used in the analysis of data. Phicoefficient was also used to show the relationship ofthe incidence oftetanus neonatorum and the importance of tetanus toxoid immunization. The average mother was 31.29 years old, finished elementary education, was a housekeeper, and belonged to the catholic religion. Most of the respondents did not subject themselves to prenatal check up and did not receive the recommended dose of tetanus toxoid immunization which could protect their child from acquiring tetanus neonatorum. They preferred the hilot astheir birth attendant and delivered their babies in their own homefor economics reasons. They observed varied practices in caring the umbilical cord of their babies. Some of them used 70% alcohol and betadine in cleaning the umbilical stump. But some used powder and even ashes of coconut shell and burned leaves which are very dangerous and are predisposing factors to the infection of the umbilical cord of the baby. A moderate positive relationship between the incidence of tetanus neonaturom and the importance of tetanus toxoid immunization was shown.
समकालीन हिंदी साहित्य में किन्नर विमर्श
Authors: के.के. जाधव
Published: July 2024

शोधसार : समकालीन हिंदी साहित्य में किन्नर विमर्श पर चिंतन हों रहा है।आज का साहित्यकार हिजड़ा कहे जाने वाले किन्नर समुदाय को केंद्र में रखकर उपन्यास लेखन कर रहा है। किन्नर संबंधी प्रसिद्ध उपन्यासों में-यमदीप,गुलाल मंडी,किन्नर कथा,जिंदगी 50-50,मैं भी औरत हूं,मैं पायल,पोस्ट बॉक्स नं.203 नाला सोपारा, तीसरी ताली, दरमियाना तथा उपन्यास रहे हैं। हिंदी साहित्य में किन्नर समुदाय को केंद्र में रखकर 2002 में प्रकाशित डॉ.नीरजा माधव जी का यमदीप पहला उपन्यास माना जाता है।इस उपन्यास के पश्चात ही किन्नर विमर्श संबंधी अन्य उपन्यासों का निर्माण हुआ है।किन्नर समुदाय के लोग मुख्यतः चार प्रकार के होते हैं,जिनमें-बचुरा,नीलिमा,मनसा तथा हंसा ।सभी प्रकार के किन्नर रेलवे,बस स्टॉप,सड़क, मोहल्ला,गली,चौराहा तथा अन्य स्थानों पर ताली पीट-पीट कर भीख मांगते हैं।साथ ही कई किन्नर समुदाय अन्य काम भी करते हुए नजर आते हैं।अन्य समाज की ही तरह किन्नर समुदाय के रीति-रिवाज,परंपरा,लोकविश्वास तथा उनकी लोक संस्कृति होती है।चारों प्रकार के किन्नरों का अपना-अपना एक मुखिया होता है। इस मुखिया को गुरु मानते हैं। इस गुरु के इशारे पर ही सभी किन्नरों के समुदाय चलते हैं।
Police reforms in India: A Human Rights Concern
Authors: Singh Shiv Shankar
Published: July 2024

Abstract The police, an integral component of the justice system, are primarily tasked with maintaining law and order, particularly through the enforcement of criminal codes. According to the Royal Commission on Police Powers and Procedures in 1929, a policeman is an individual employed by the state to perform duties that, if desired, could have been undertaken voluntarily. Today, the term “police” refers to the civil executive force of a state entrusted with maintaining public order and enforcing regulations for crime prevention and apprehension. In contemporary times, the role of the police extends beyond crime prevention and detection to encompass various welfare activities such as assisting in traffic management, crowd control at public gatherings, aiding fire brigades and flood rescue operations, and resolving minor disputes among the public. However, this paper does not solely focus on the definition of the police. Instead, it provides an overview of police reforms in India, highlighting the challenges faced by the Indian police system and proposing solutions to address these challenges. Additionally, it explores the legal standpoint on police reforms. Keyword– Indian Police, Public Order, Royal Commission, Criminal Codes, Traffic Management
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Complete Sentence terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Berita
Authors: Sihombing Shinta Uly Monalisa , Sitohang Tigor , Panggabean Sarma
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to develop reading materials using digital media. The advantage of this research is that the use of digital media as a learning tool can be used as a reference in providing alternative reading materials that suit the needs of students. This activity involves analyzing and organizing complex skills such as learning, thinking, reasoning, assimilation, and problem solving. First, the media as a support for learning, and the second is the media as a source of learning. Reading Indonesian texts for foreign speakers presents its own challenges in learning it. Reading has several skills that must be mastered. The habit of practicing reading greatly help you improve your reading skills. Using digital media can improve word reading skills. You should also be able to interpret and understand the words in the text.
Keywords: reading, teaching materials, curriculum, development
Model pembelajaran complete sentence adalah model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam  menulis teks berita karena menuntut siswa untuk mengaitkan  informasi yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh  model pembelajaran  complete sentence terhadap kemampuan siswa menulis teks berita. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen dengan menguji data nilai siswa pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa model complete sentence berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan rata-rata nilai siswa pada  kelas eksperimen  lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol yaitu rata-rata untuk kelas eksperimen sebesar 70,2 dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 45,06.
Kata Kunci: model complete sentence, teks berita, kemampuan menulis.
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN SENSORI KUKIS BERBAHAN BAKU TEPUNG MOCAF DENGAN TAMBAHAN PUREE JAGUNG KUNING
Authors: Raya Indah , Augustyn Gelora , Lopulalan Cynthia
Published: July 2024

Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) is flour from modified cassava. Mocaf flour has a high carbohydrate content so it is necessary to add other nutritional sources to enrich the product produced. Corn puree is an alternative for producing cookies with high nutritional value. The aim of this research was to determine the best concentration of mocaf cookies with the addition of sweet corn puree. The parameters tested are proximate and sensory tests. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 1 factor, namely the concentration of corn puree. The analysis results obtained were that the treatment of adding sweet corn puree (20%) was the best addition of sweet corn puree. The chemical test results were water content 1.96%, ash content 2.24%, fat content 17.95%, and protein content 4.34%. In contrast to the carbohydrate content, the best treatment for sweet corn puree (0%) is the carbohydrate content of 77.22%. The results of the sensory test showed that the panelists showed a tendency to like the research cookies.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Pembelajaran PAI Berbasis E-Learning: Studi Kasus di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Lombok Timur
Authors: Khotimah Elsani Baiq Husnul , Supardi Supardi , Lubna Lubna
Published: July 2024

In the era of digitalization of education, the application of e-learning technology is expected to improve the quality and effectiveness of PAI learning. The focus of this research is the use of E-Learning based PAI learning applications. The method used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Researchers analyze and describe findings in the field based on data sources which are strengthened by data findings and theories that are in accordance with the research theme. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, interviews and documentation methods. Meanwhile, data analysis uses thematic analysis through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the e-learning based PAI learning application has a positive impact on students' learning motivation and their involvement in the learning process. Teachers feel helped by interactive features that make it easier to deliver material more interestingly and efficiently. This application makes it easier for teachers to find out the level of students' understanding of the material that has been taught. The word wall application also makes it easy for students so that students are motivated and enthusiastic in answering questions, besides making the class atmosphere more active and interactive.
Pola Rekrutmen Sumber Daya Manusia di Pondok Pesantren (Studi Komparatif Pesantren Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani dan Maraqitta'limat Mamben)
Authors: Hidayatullah Syarif , Hakim Lukman , Ahyar Ahyar
Published: July 2024

This study aims to: (1) Describe the analysis of human resource needs in two Islamic boarding schools (Comparative Study of Pesantren Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani and Maraqitta'limat Mamben). (2) Describe the implementation of human resource recruitment within the religious education environment at the Islamic boarding schools (Comparative Study of Pesantren Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani and Maraqitta'limat Mamben). (3) Describe the placement of human resources in the two Islamic boarding schools (Comparative Study of Pesantren Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani and Maraqitta'limat Mamben). This study uses a qualitative method. The research locations are at MAK Hamzanwadi II and MA Maraqitta'limat Mamben. The data collection process involves observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation (triangulation). Data analysis is conducted using the Milles, Huberman, and Saldana techniques, which include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To ensure data validity, testing is conducted through the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.This study analyzes the recruitment of educators at Pondok Pesantren Syaikh Zainuddin NW Anjani and Pondok Pesantren Maraqitta'limat Mamben. The process involves needs analysis, setting requirements, information dissemination, and candidate selection. Recruitment is based on religious values and competence, encompassing application submission, interviews, and document selection. The placement of educators is carefully arranged to ensure maximum contribution, with an emphasis on integrity, loyalty, and educational mission.
Implementasi Pembelajaran PAI pada Sekolah Inklusi di Sekolah Inklusi SDN Mentikan 1 Mojokerto
Authors: Nihayah Ishmatun
Published: July 2024

Inclusive schools play a crucial role in accepting all students, including those with special needs (ABK). However, not all inclusive schools successfully implement this concept effectively. This research focuses on SDN Mentikan 1 Mojokerto as an example of an inclusive school, where ABK and regular students learn together with adapted teaching. Specifically, the study explores the planning, implementation, and evaluation of Islamic Education (PAI) learning in the 4th grade. Qualitative methods and a case study approach were utilized, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that PAI teachers use the same curriculum for both regular and ABK students, implementing full inclusion, clustering, and pull-out models in ABK learning services. The PAI learning process in the 4th grade involves joint participation of ABK and regular students, in accordance with the prepared lesson plans. The evaluation of PAI learning encompasses cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects of ABK, using methods such as exams, daily assessments, projects/products, and other evaluations. Remedial actions are taken as needed during the evaluation. This research provides an overview of inclusive PAI at SDN Mentikan 1, highlighting challenges and potential improvements to support the optimal development of all students, especially ABK, in the context of inclusive schooling. The study aims to understand the supporting factors and obstacles in implementing PAI learning in inclusive schools.
Menguak Tantangan dan Persiapan Konselor dalam Rangka Menuju Indonesia Emas 2045
Authors: Silmy Riza Aqilah
Published: July 2024

This research highlights the preparations and challenges counselors face in achieving the Vision of Golden Indonesia 2045. The focus on the basic skills required by counselors to provide effective services. Qualitative research methods and literature studies were used to explore counselors' perspectives and experiences regarding preparations and challenges towards Golden Indonesia 2045. The findings emphasize importance of quality education and training for counselors, as well as the integration of technology in counseling services. Future recommendations include enhancing collaboration between the government and educational institutions, strengthening supervision, and program evaluation to improve the quality of guidance and counseling services in Indonesia.
Pre- and post-pandemic attitudes toward participation in community-based initiatives: The case of Poznań
Authors: Sowada Tomasz
Published: July 2024

This study describes and analyzes the pre- and post-pandemic approaches toward participation in communitybased initiatives by the residents of Poznań, Poland. Data for this study were collected through surveys with city dwellers (2018 and 2023) and interviews with local community leaders (2020). These results reveal a notable increase in the willingness to engage in community-based initiatives between 2018 and 2023, with the shared experience of the pandemic threat contributing to this shift. There is also a visible increase in the readiness to involve digitally mediated forms of participation among residents. In conclusion, this study underscores the need to sustain pandemic-driven social mobilization to build long-term community resilience.
Rural-urban disparities and socioeconomic determinants of caesarean delivery rates in Zimbabwe: Evidence from the 2019 National Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Authors: Musuka G N , Murewanhema G , Herrera H , Mbunge E , Birri-Makota R , Dzinamarira T , Cuadros D , Chingombe I , Mpofu A , Mapingure M
Published: July 2024

Caesarean sections (CSs) have increased globally, with concerns being raised involving overutilisation and inequalities in access. In Zimbabwe, where healthcare access varies greatly, we aimed to analyse factors associated with ever having a CS using the 2019 National Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The weighted national CS rate was 10.3%, and CS happened more commonly among women in urban than rural areas (15.7% v. 7.4%; odds ratio (OR) 2.34; (95% confidence interval (CI)) 1.71 - 3.20; p=0.001). Percentages of those having a CS significantly increased with education: overall χ2 for a trend of p=0.001 and wealth quintile, and overall χ2 for a trend of p=0.001. Women with insurance coverage were more likely to have had a CS than those without: 26.7% v. 8.7%; OR 3.82; 95% CI 2.51 - 5.83; p=0.001. The same was the case for women with access to the internet: 15.4% v. 7.0%, OR 2.42; 95%CI 1.71 - 3.41; p=0.001). These findings show an association that could indicate this being overutilised by insured women in urban settings, rather than being accessible based on clinical needs. Further research should explore reasons for these disparities and inform interventions to ensure equitable access to optimum childbirth in Zimbabwe.
The Features of Tea Packaging Design in China
Authors: Yu Beibei
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is the design of tea packaging in China. The subject of the study is the problem of the formation of a national features in the design of tea packaging in China. During the research, such issues as the brief history of the subject of research, the specifics of the modern view of tea packaging in China, the main factors in the formation of approaches to the development and design of tea packaging with national specifics, the concept of a "cultural and creative product" are traced. The problem of integrating elements of traditional culture and aesthetics into the sphere of modern design of tea packaging products is considered separately. In addition, an analysis of examples of successful design is given, in which the competent and effective use of cultural tradition is traced. The advantages of using one's own tea packaging language as a product promotion factor are revealed. The study involves the systematization of available information on the theory and history of tea packaging design in China. An integrated approach is used to create a holistic view of the formation of China's own design language for these products. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that for the first time a complex of issues related to the problem of forming a national language in tea packaging design in China is being studied. Individual samples of modern Chinese tea packaging design are being introduced into scientific circulation. The author's main contribution to the research of the topic is to identify the grounds that determine the features of the process of developing one's own language in tea packaging design in China at the present stage. The main conclusions of the study: currently, the formation of China's own tea packaging language is associated with the actualization of cultural tradition and spiritual heritage, which is associated with the orientation of tea producers not only to the Chinese consumer, but also to a foreign audience. The development of a national language in the design of tea packaging has the character of adapting traditional culture and aesthetics, the principles of which are determined by the concept of a "cultural and creative product".
A Chinese screen in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum
Authors: Zhang Wenpu
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is a Chinese screen. The subject of the study is the characteristic features of the Chinese screen based on the material of the Hermitage collection. During the consideration of the topic, such issues as the degree of study of the issues under consideration, the connection of the screen with the fields of fine and decorative arts are traced and analyzed. The analysis of seven items from the collection of the State Hermitage Museum is carried out. The analysis of rare samples of the Chinese screen allows us to identify the characteristic features of this subject, the specifics of the development of the Chinese screen in the XVIII – XIX centuries, as well as to discover its relationship with the spheres of decorative, applied and fine arts of China. The author examines in detail the artistic features of the objects, their design characteristics, the use of various materials – porcelain, wood, metal, jade, the content of calligraphic inscriptions appearing on the objects in the context of the aesthetics of the epoch and socio-cultural space. The research involves the systematization of information related to collecting, studying, and describing the screen in Russian museum practice and theory. Traditional methods of art criticism and historiographical analysis are used; a combination of formal and iconological methods allows to create a reliable idea of the works of art under consideration, identify meaningful and formal features; the historical and cultural method allows to clarify the nature of the patterns of screen development. The scientific novelty of the research primarily consists in the fact that for the first time an analysis of the Chinese screen in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum is carried out, a detailed description and a comprehensive art historical analysis of a number of previously unexplored objects are given. The systematization of Russian publications devoted to the problem of the screen is carried out, in particular, offering a description and analysis of certain screens. The study clarifies and expands existing ideas about the Chinese screen, clarifies the attribution of a number of objects in the collections of the State Hermitage Museum. It is concluded that the objects presented in the Hermitage collections are of considerable variety and give an idea of the variety of techniques and materials for creating screens in China in the XVIII – XIX centuries, allow us to see the connection between the art of creating screens with the field of decorative and applied arts and painting. The screen of this period is a work of art with high artistic value. The aesthetics of the screen is connected not only with the current trends in the development of decorative, applied and fine arts, but also with the socio-cultural context.
Creating a common notation of the x86 processor software interface for automated disassembler construction
Authors: Gusenko Mikhail YUr'evich
Published: July 2024

The subject of the study is the process of reverse engineering of programs in order to obtain their source code in low- or high-level languages for processors with x86 architecture, the software interface of which is developed by Intel and AMD. The object of the study is the technical specifications in the documentation produced by these companies. The intensity of updating documentation for processors is investigated and the need to develop technological approaches aimed at automated disassembler construction, taking into account regularly released and frequent updates of the processor software interface, is justified. The article presents a method for processing documentation in order to obtain a generalized, formalized and uniform specification of processor commands for further automated translation into the disassembler program code. The article presents two main results: the first is an analysis of the various options for describing commands presented in the Intel and AMD documentation, and a concise reduction of these descriptions to a monotonous form of representation; the second is a comprehensive syntactic analysis of machine code description notations and the form of representation of each command in assembly language. This, taking into account some additional details of the description of the commands, for example, the permissible operating mode of the processor when executing the command, made it possible to create a generalized description of the command for translating the description into the disassembler code. The results of the study include the identification of a number of errors in both the documentation texts and in the operation of existing industrial disassemblers, built, as shown by the analysis of their implementation, using manual coding. The identification of such errors in the existing reverse engineering tools is an indirect result of the author's research.
Plataformas digitales de cuidados y de servicio doméstico en América Latina y el Caribe: un análisis inicial de sus modelos de negocio y su rol en la formalización del sector
Authors: Blanchard Olivia
Published: July 2024

Numerous digital labour platforms have emerged across various Latin American countries, connecting users with domestic services and care for children, the elderly, and dependents. Despite this growth, regulatory debates have largely ignored the digitalization of this sector, and there is a lack of research documenting the impact of these new technologies in the region. The purpose of this article is to enhance the existing body of knowledge on the platform economy in Latin America and the Caribbean with two main objectives: firstly, to provide an initial mapping of the platforms operating in the domestic and home care services; and secondly, to analyze the potential role these digital platforms can play in formalizing the labor market for workers in these sectors.
Trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires: experiencias de organización y reconocimiento mediadas por plataformas sociodigitales
Authors: Casas Verónica
Published: July 2024

The domestic service sector in Argentina is significant for many women workers. It is a highly feminized sector, closely tied to caregiving, and extremely diverse due to the variety of tasks, work modalities, and hours involved. Performed behind “closed doors”, this profession inherently faces challenges in unionization and collective organization. This article analyzes the experiences of organization and collective participation sustained through digital mediation by paid domestic workers. The study ethnographically examines two organizations in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires mediated by digital technologies: a small traditional union holding online assemblies via Facebook and a non-unionized workers’ WhatsApp group. The common thread is that engagement and participation were made possible through the use of socio-digital platforms. Several questions are explored through participant observation in these spaces: How do workers experience participation in collective spaces mediated by digital technologies? What are the scope and limitations of using these platforms in their daily lives and union participation? What other forms of political-union participation exist in virtual interstices? The creation of political-union networks has great potential as they can alter workers’ material conditions and defend their labor rights. They can also serve as spaces for recognition and self-valuation that transform how workers perceive themselves and their fellow workers as a collective.
Footfall patterns and stride parameters of Common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) on land
Authors: Hutchinson John R. , Pringle Emily V.
Published: July 2024

Common hippopotamuses (hippos) are among the largest extant land mammals. They thus offer potential further insight into how giant body size on land influences locomotor patterns and abilities. Furthermore, as they have semi-aquatic habits and unusual morphology, they prompt important questions about how locomotion evolved in Hippopotamidae. However, basic information about how hippos move is limited and sometimes contradictory. We aimed to test if hippos trot at all speeds and if they ever use an aerial (suspended) phase, and to quantify how their locomotor patterns (footfalls and stride parameters) change with approximate speed. We surveyed videos available online and collected new video data from two zoo hippos in order to calculate the data needed to achieve our aims; gathering a sample of 169 strides from 32 hippos. No hippos studied used other than trotting (or near-trotting) footfall patterns, but at the fastest relative speeds hippos used brief aerial phases, apparently a new discovery. Hippos exhibit relatively greater athletic capacity than elephants in several ways, but perhaps not greater than rhinoceroses. Our data help form a baseline for assessing if other hippos use normal locomotion; relevant to clinical veterinary assessments of lameness; and for reconstructing the evolutionary biomechanics of hippo lineages.
enseñanza de la religión en el sistema escolar: objeciones a una limitación inconstitucional
Authors: Silva Luis Alejandro
Published: July 2024

La doble prohibición contenida en el artículo 8 del decreto supremo 924 sería inconstitucional por razones de fondo y por razones de forma. En cuanto ella recae sobre un aspecto que puede ser esencial para el ejercicio de la libertad religiosa y la libertad de enseñanza, infringiría la garantía establecida a todo evento por el artículo 19 Nº 26 de la Constitución. Respecto de la igualdad garantizada por el artículo 19 Nº 2, la prohibición sería objetable desde las dos variantes del principio, porque trata de manera diferente a los iguales (profesores de religión en relación con los profesores de las demás asignaturas) y porque trata igual a los diferentes (proyectos educativos confesionales en relación con los que no lo son). Aún cuando ninguna de estas razones tuviera el peso suficiente para enervar la actuación de la autoridad, bastaría con una razón formal para declarar la inconstitucionalidad del artículo 8, y esta es que la Constitución prohíbe que las garantías del artículo 19 sean limitadas por un decreto supremo.
Assessment of Knowledge Management Strategies on Performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute
Authors: Kioko Josephine , Muriuki Jennifer
Published: July 2024

The study determined the influence of knowledge management strategies on the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. The study objectives were to determine how knowledge acquisition, storage, expertise (Technology) and accessibility influence the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute.   The study was guided by Resource-Based View (RBV), Knowledge-Based View (KBV), Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) and Social Exchange Theory (SET). Since the study involved gathering of quantitative and qualitative data, it adopted mixed method approach. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, this was due to the prediction of knowledge management strategies and the performance Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, in the analysis of different trends, and the formulation of hypotheses that directs future actions. The target population was 168 employees from the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. The researcher sampled 118 respondents using Yamane formula (2007) formula, by doing so, the chance of bias in participant selection was reduced and the sample was guaranteed to be representative of the whole population.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of means, percentages, and frequencies with help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences v25 (SPSS V25) software. Results were displayed in form of pie chart and tables from which inferences and conclusions were drawn. The findings of the study revealed that knowledge sharing had the most significant influence on the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute while knowledge acquisition had the least influence on performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. The research finally concluded that knowledge management strategies had a significant effect on the performance of Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute.
Fuel Consumption Pattern for Disc Plough and Cultivator Tillage Implement
Authors: Sharma Kapil Kumar , Chaturvedi Shalini , Singh Sweta , Kumar Vivak
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated the effects of different (Disc plough and Cultivator) tillage implements on soil physical properties and operational cost under loam soil. Different (Disc plough and Cultivator) tillage implements were used in a field under separate plots. The fuel consumed by the tractor during the Disc plough and Cultivator tillage operations was measured by the field to determine the cost of both tillage operations. Results showed that the soil moisture content (MC) was 25.31%, while soil bulk density (BD) 1.3 under the plot (field) tilled with cultivator followed by disc plough compared to that tilled with cultivator only. The fuel consumed by the tractor during different tillage operations was 16.08 and 7.53 lit/ha for Disc plough and cultivator respectively. It is concluded that Cultivator can prepare better seedbed under loam soil as compared to Disc Plough only at almost same operational cost.
Optimization of Design Parameters for Improved Buoy Reliability in Wave Energy Converter Systems
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Atiqur
Published: July 2024

Wave energy converters are frequently subjected to cyclic fatigue loads, making them prone to structural failure. This study presents a comprehensive design for reliability analysis of buoy structures used in ocean energy converters. A finite element model (FEM) was developed using ABAQUS to evaluate the effects of different materials—linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) versus high-density polyethylene (HDPE)—as well as variations in rib spacing and structural thickness under uniform pressure conditions. The analysis considered configurations with 3, 5, and 7 ribs, and wall thicknesses of 0.5, 0.7, and 1 inch. Results indicated that increasing the number of ribs and wall thickness significantly reduces deflection and von Mises stress, enhancing structural stability. HDPE demonstrated superior strength and lower deflection compared to LLDPE, although with reduced ductility. This study provides critical insights into optimizing buoy design parameters to improve the structural performance and durability of wave energy converter buoys, ensuring their reliability and longevity in harsh marine environments.
Measurement of Phagocytic Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages Using pHrodo Succinimidyl Ester
Authors: Aziz Monowar , Yang Weng‐Lang , Wang Ping
Published: February 2013

Considerable interest has emerged towards phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, due to its intricate molecular mechanisms and important regulatory functions in development, homoeostasis, and immune tolerance. Impaired clearance of apoptotic cells leads to immune‐mediated disorders. Current quantification methods of the engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages are potentially flawed by several limitations. Adherent macrophage populations are overlaid with apoptotic targets in suspension and then co‐cultured for a definite period, which may give rise to two different features: (1) engulfed and (2) non‐engulfed macrophages that are surface‐bound cell populations. Rigorous washing to dislodge surface‐bound apoptotic cells before assessment of phagocytosis may lead to loss of phagocytes, thereby skewing the apparent magnitude of the overall phagocytic response. There is a need for simple and reliable methods to clearly determine the internalization of apoptotic cells. In this unit, we demonstrate the use of pHrodo‐succinimidyl ester (SE), a pH‐sensitive fluorescent dye, to label the apoptotic cells for monitoring the phagocytosis. After engulfment, the intensity of pHrodo light emission will be elevated due to the pH change inside of macrophages. The shift of pHrodo light emission can be detected by a flow cytometer or using a fluorescence microscope. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 100:14.31.1‐14.31.8. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparing Individual NK Cell Activity In Vitro
Authors: Sierich Heidi , Eiermann Thomas
Published: February 2013

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the innate immune system by eliminating infected and mutated cells. Their cytotoxic capacities vary markedly among individuals. The cytotoxic activity can be measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the NK cell–specific target cell line K562. In this chapter, we present a protocol for the standardization and normalization of cell preparation and NK cell cytotoxicity measurement in a 51Cr‐release assay. By following these protocols, it is possible to compare the NK cell activity of numerous—if necessary selected—individuals in vitro. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 100:14.32.1‐14.32.11. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chameleon Nonwovens by Green Electrospinning
Authors: Giebel Elisabeth , Mattheis Claudia , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas
Published: February 2013

Electrospun ionic nonwovens are obtained by green electrospinning of aqueous dispersions. The resulting nonwovens are termed as chameleon nonwovens since their surface properties can be tailored in a large variety by coating of different functionalities following the protocol of the layer‐by‐layer process (LBL). The dimensional stability of the electrospun fibers in the chameleon nonwovens is achieved by photo‐cross‐linking after electrospinning and thereby overcoming the repulsive forces of the ionic moieties in the fibers. Depending on the nature of the ionic moieties different materials are coated by LBL including dyes, antibacterial materials, silver, and gold nanoparticles. Enhanced coating efficiency for coating of metal nanoparticles is observed when the chameleon nonwovens were precoated by a polyelectrolyte.
Development of 3D hydrogel culture systems with on‐demand cell separation
Authors: Hamilton Sharon K. , Bloodworth Nathaniel C. , Massad Christopher S. , Hammoudi Taymour M. , Suri Shalu , Yang Peter J. , Lu Hang , Temenoff Johnna S.
Published: February 2013

Recently there has been an increased interest in the effects of paracrine signaling between groups of cells, particularly in the context of better understanding how stem cells contribute to tissue repair. Most current 3D co‐culture methods lack the ability to effectively separate two cell populations after the culture period, which is important for simultaneously analyzing the reciprocal effects of each cell type on the other. Here, we detail the development of a 3D hydrogel co‐culture system that allows us to culture different cell types for up to 7 days and subsequently separate and isolate the different cell populations using enzyme‐sensitive glues. Separable 3D co‐culture laminates were prepared by laminating PEG‐based hydrogels with enzyme‐degradable hydrogel adhesives. Encapsulated cell populations exhibited good segregation with well‐defined interfaces. Furthermore, constructs can be separated on‐demand upon addition of the appropriate enzyme, while cell viability remains high throughout the culture period, even after laminate separation. This platform offers great potential for a variety of basic cell signaling studies as the incorporation of an enzyme‐sensitive adhesive interface allows the on‐demand separation of individual cell populations for immediate analysis or further culture to examine persistence of co‐culture effects and paracrine signaling on cell populations.

See accompanying commentary by Danielle R. Bogdanowicz and Helen H. Lu DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300054
Peptide contour length determines equilibrium secondary structure in protein‐analogous micelles
Authors: Marullo Rachel , Kastantin Mark , Drews Laurie B. , Tirrell Matthew
Published: February 2013

This work advances bottom‐up design of bioinspired materials built from peptide‐amphiphiles, which are a class of bioconjugates in which a biofunctional peptide is covalently attached to a hydrophobic moiety that drives self‐assembly in aqueous solution. Specifically, this work highlights the importance of peptide contour length in determining the equilibrium secondary structure of the peptide as well as the self‐assembled (i.e., micelle) geometry. Peptides used here repeat a seven‐amino acid sequence between one and four times to vary peptide contour length while maintaining similar peptide‐peptide interactions. Without a hydrophobic tail, these peptides all exhibit a combination of random coil and α‐helical structure. Upon self‐assembly in the crowded environment of a micellar corona, however, short peptides are prone to β‐sheet structure and cylindrical micelle geometry while longer peptides remain helical in spheroidal micelles. The transition to β‐sheets in short peptides is rapid, whereby amphiphiles first self‐assemble with α‐helical peptide structure, then transition to their equilibrium β‐sheet structure at a rate that depends on both temperature and ionic strength. These results identify peptide contour length as an important control over equilibrium peptide secondary structure and micelle geometry. Furthermore, the time‐dependent nature of the helix‐to‐sheet transition opens the door for shape‐changing bioinspired materials with tunable conversion rates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 573–581, 2013.