bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un caso de rotura frágil de acero para armar en un viaducto sometido a expansión por árido -álcali y corrosión por cloruros
Authors:   LRA Infrastructures Consulting - Madrid – España, Ripa T. , Corral N. ,   LRA Infrastructures Consulting - Madrid – España, Martin M. ,   LRA Infrastructures Consulting - Madrid – España, Andrade C. ,   CIMNE: Centro Internacional de métodos numéricos en Ingeniería. Madrid. España, Muñoz J. J. ,   SAFECOR Ingeniería, Hernandez A. ,   Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Madrid, Ramos G. ,   Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Madrid
Published: November 2023

El viaducto se encuentra sobre una de las autopistas carretera y de ferrocarril de salida de Madrid (España) en uno de los anillos de circunvalación de la ciudad. En una inspección periódica se detectó la existencia proceso de fisuras longitudinales en el tablero. En 2016 se decidió retirar la capa asfáltica y proceder a una reparación de esas fisuras, lo que permitió comprobar a través de catas sobre las fisuras que las armaduras se habían corroído y en muchos tramos se habían roto completamente siguiendo el curso de la fisura. El tipo de rotura de las barras aparentaba ser de tipo frágil sin estricción de la sección. En el presente trabajo se abordan las circunstancias de este fallo que dio lugar a la demolición del viaducto.
Ipsilateral Concurrent Knee Arthroplasty and Tibial Osteotomy with 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Instrumentation
Authors: Vaziri Arash Sharafat , Karimpour Morad , Tahmasebi Mohammad Naghi , Hosseini Seyedeh Reihaneh , Moradkhani Ghazaleh , Javidmehr Sina , Vosoughi Fardis
Published: November 2023

Case:

A 70-year-old woman presented with knee pain and instability and was diagnosed with advanced knee osteoarthritis and bifocal tibial deformities. The complexity of the case challenged our team to perform a significant sagittal correction (>60°) and restore her ability to walk independently. We performed ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty and anterior closed wedge tibial osteotomy using virtual planning and 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation.

Conclusion:

Using 2 separate 3D-printed patient-specific cutting guides for this patient with a complex deformity and managing the whole planning process in close collaboration between the surgeons and engineers resulted in a satisfactory postoperative outcome, optimal implant positioning and leg alignment, and minimal soft-tissue damage.
Vertebropexy as a Ligamentous Stabilization for Degenerative Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Farshad Mazda , Fasser Marie-Rosa , Widmer Jonas , Unterfrauner Ines , Schader Jana Felicitas , Calek Anna-Katharina
Published: November 2023

Case:

Three patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis were treated with vertebropexy, a new surgical technique that replaces rigid fusion with ligamentous stabilization. Clinical outcomes, functional radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging were used to document the early clinical results of this biomechanically established and promising new surgical method.

Conclusion:

Vertebropexy may be a valuable alternative to rigid fusion in the treatment of low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis.
Cosmology between Physics and Philosophy
Authors:   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Givishvili Givi V.
Published: November 2023

It is shown that the canonical cosmological model of the Universe – Big Bang Theory (BBT) contains unacceptably many unsolvable contradictions either to facts, or logic, or, finally, to physics. They can be categorized into several groups: 1) unacceptable, 2) unsubstantiated, and 3) multivalued. To the unac­ceptable fragments of the concept of BBT it is reasonable to include ideas about: a) “singularity”; b) “cosmological inflation”; c) “infinite death of Nature”. Un­reasonable include: a) hypothesis about materiality of space-time, b) recognition of the possibility of their birth and death. Among the interpretations admitting other ones with high probability are: a) the principle of equivalence of the iner­tial and gravitational masses, b) the gravitational redshift, c) the effect of deflec­tion of light near large masses. Among the interpretations, which do not cause doubts, it is possible to note an explanation of the black hole nature, following from Newton’s classical theory of gravitation. The source of insoluble contradic­tions of the BBT was Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity (GTR), which was created on the basis of strictly deterministic classical mechanics. The underde­velopment of quantum mechanics at the beginning of the twentieth century mis­led the author of the GTR about the equivalence of inertial and gravitational masses. A consequence of this delusion was the erroneous recognition of space-time as material substances. It, in turn, led to a lot of unexplained events in the past of the Universe, and fantastic predictions about its future. But the most striking thing that distinguishes GTR is its violation of the fundamental law of conservation of energy, which cosmological theorists turn a blind eye to. This allows us to consider it a legacy of classical physics of the nineteenth century, unsatisfactory from the perspective of probabilistic physics of the twenty-first century.
Quantum Mechanics in the Context of Heidegger’s Ontology
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Zharov Sergey N.
Published: November 2023

Aristotle was the first to notice that entity exists not only as real, but also as pos­sible. The Aristotelian concept of possibility has an insufficiently clear ontologi­cal sense. Aristotle does not ask about own Being of possibilities. For a classical thought it had no essential importance. In quantum physics the situation is differ­ent. Quantum possibilities have own action, so, it is necessary to recognize their own Being. However, it cannot be made within usual thinking, since quantum possibilities do not allow representation in terms of an entity present-at-hand. It sends us to Heidegger’s ideas. Classical philosophical thought does not notice an ontological difference between the “Being” and “Entity”; as a result “Being” is presented as “something”. Heidegger showed simplified nature of such ap­proach, however the natural sciences usually accept the specified identification. A surprising exception is the quantum mechanics. Having recognized own Being of quantum possibilities, we will see the attribute of Heidegger’s ontology. This “Being” is not “Something” and is designated by me as “Ψ-Being”. It possesses the internal temporality similar to existential time of Dasein. Also the difference between “Ψ-Being” and “Being” of Heidegger’s ontology is detected. The fact is that “Ψ-Being possesses action which is capable to change definiteness of quan­tum entity. It offers a heuristic prospect for philosophical ontology. According to Heidegger, Dasein is the existential Being of possibilities. However, these possibilities are not connected with personal definiteness. But the quantum me­chanics shows us that definiteness of “entity” (“something” or “who”) can change under the influence of “Being” that cannot be imagined in terms of “something”.
Historical Memory and Narrative: Ecological Contexts (Reflections on Book)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrova Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2023

The article reflects on I.O. Shchedrina’s book Historical Memory and Nar­rative: Ecological Contexts. This monograph falls within the current trend of turning ecology into a universal interdisciplinary methodological principle. Significant for a modern person environment, its Umwelt, is understood by the author as a complex configuration of symbolic worlds and narratives. One of the most important tasks of ecology today, without solving which it is impossible to overcome the ecological crisis, is the formation of ecological consciousness. I.O. Shchedrina justifies the importance of nature saving not with the help of the usual rational natural-scientific approach, but through the emotional, personal, humanitarian sphere – through human memory, self-awareness, narrative, psychological context. In her analysis I.O. Shchedrina re­lies on a wide range of concepts and authors: from psychological interpreta­tions of self-consciousness (L.S. Vygotsky, R. Burns, St. Klein, J. Kihlstrom, V.V. Stolin and others) to the problem of historical and autobiographical narra­tive studies (D. Dennett, G. Genette, F. Lejeune). In I.O. Shchedrina’s concep­tion one can see development and reinterpretation of the ideas of N.F. Reymers and D.S. Likhachev about the ecology of the spirit and the ecology of culture, although these authors are not directly mentioned. By including the concepts of narrative and historical memory into the ecological discourse, I.O. Shched­rina makes a significant contribution to the development of the most important trend of post-non-classical science – the humanitarization of natural-scientific knowledge.
The Mythology of Ethnogenesis: the Experience of Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz-Oghuz Myths as a Factor in the Ethnic Consolidation of the Kyrgyz Society
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Saralaev Nur K. , Alymbaev Abdrakhman M. ,   National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic,, Salmorbekova Rita B. ,   National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Kyrgyz-Oghuz legends and myths, which play a significant role in the study of the origin of the Kyrgyz people, their traditions, of beliefs and rituals, including the myth of the Kyrgyz father. The authors draw attention to the fact that myths and legends are especially sig­nificant for the Kyrgyz culture and are a valuable source for the study of folk mentality. Kyrgyz-Oghuz legends and myths have been poorly studied both his­torically and philosophically. Myths related to the origin of the two peoples (Kyrgyz-Oghuz) and the ethnostructures of both peoples have much in common. In this article, we tried to find out their common features and differences. A his­torical and philosophical analysis of the etymologies and ethnonyms has been carried out. For the first time, serious thoughts were expressed about the similar­ity of the images of Ulken and Uguz Khan. The connection between the Kyrgyz and Sary eponyms was also described, and for the first time the similarity of the names of the original ancestors (Sar – Sary – Huangdi) in the Kyrgyz-Chinese myths was analyzed. The final part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction of the Kyrgyz with other peoples and the impact on their culture.
W. James in Russian Academic Theology at the Beginning of the 20th Century. Part I. Towards James
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University of the Humanities, Khondzinskiy Pavel V.
Published: November 2023

The impact of W. James’s ideas on Russian religious thought is a well-known fact, however this topic cannot be considered exhausted, since the names and works of the representatives of spiritual and academic science, for whom an in­tellectual meeting with James became the impetus for creating their own con­cepts, still remain in the shadows. We should not forget that this meeting was prepared both by the previous development of academic science with its interest in empirical psychology, and by the close contacts of its representatives with philosophers and psychologists who united around the journal “Questions of Phi­losophy and Psychology”, which had been published for many years by the Mos­cow Psychological Society. For representatives of academic theology, the scien­tific recognition of the reality of mystical experience, on the one hand, provided a visible point of support for the preaching of Christianity in the secular world, and on the other hand, it made it necessary to identify the specificity of Christian experience as distinct from the experience of other religions. In addition, for aca­demic theologians, the question of how personal religious experience and Chris­tian action in society relate to each other has become an additional factor of in­terest in mystical problematics. From this point of view, the concepts of mystical experience of such authors as I. Popov and S. Zarin, which have not been consid­ered so far, are of particular interest. In their works, we find a gradual approach to the problematics that was finally legitimized with the release of the Russian translation of “The Varieties of Religious Experience” in 1910.
The Attempt to Re-evaluate the Personality of S.G. Nechaev in Soviet Historiography in the 1920s. Background and Context
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Puschaev Yuriy V. ,   Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2023

The article raises the problem of re-evaluation of the personality of the radical revolutionary S.G. Nechaev in a positive way in the early Soviet historiography and literary studies of the 1920s. It is stated that as an introduction and necessary background to the issue, it is necessary to consider how Nechaev was treated in the Russian revolutionary underground, as well as how his personality and ac­tivities were perceived by the classics of Marxism – K. Marx, F. Engels and V.I. Lenin. The latter should be a kind of tuning fork and a mandatory reference point for Soviet researchers. It is established that with a general negative attitude towards Nechaev in the radical underground, he was also characterized by a cer­tain ambivalence: many Russian revolutionaries positively assessed Nechaev’s energy and will, his dedication to the revolutionary cause. At the same time, Marx and Engels assessed Nechaev extremely negatively, which is largely ex­plained by the fact that they were then fighting with M.A. Bakunin in the Inter­national and perceived Nechaev as his closest associate. They conducted their polemics with Bakunism and Nechaevism mainly not on moral grounds, but from the point of view of organizational issues and the effectiveness of political tactics. Their approach to the problem of morality and morality in general is briefly analyzed. The author also analyzes the only surviving evidence about the attitude of V.I. Lenin to Nechaev, which has come down to us through V.D. Bonch-Bruevich. He notes the weak points of this testimony, which do not allow us to treat it with absolute certainty. At the same time, he says that it is also not worth dismissing them as obviously doubtful and unreliable, and the ques­tion of Lenin’s real attitude to Nechaev remains open.
On the Typology of Structuralism in Contemporary Philosophy of Mathematics Lev D. Lamberov
Authors:   Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Lamberov Lev D.
Published: November 2023

One of the most influential positions in contemporary philosophy of mathemat­ics is mathematical structuralism. The number of different variants of this posi­tion is high, and several approaches have been proposed to typologise them. However, none of them is exhaustive, and they do not cover all the variety of variants of mathematical structuralism proposed so far. The paper briefly de­scribes the most representative conceptions of mathematical structuralism, and analyzes the available variants of their typology. It is shown that distinguishing between eliminative and non-eliminative mathematical structuralism, as done by C. Parsons, does not take into account the typical attitude of mathematicians (as opposed to philosophers) to structuralism. This insufficiency is overcome in several approaches highlighting methodological (or non-ontological) varieties of mathematical structuralism. A more detailed typology of mathematical struc­turalism proposed by E. Reck and M. Price and contains C. Parsons typology as its integral part. The paper shows that the structuralism of patterns (non-elimina­tive structuralism), which is reduced to the ante rem position of S. Shapiro, does not take into account the post rem structuralism. In a nutshell, the paper proposes an extension of E. Reck and M. Price’s typology which takes into account post rem structuralism
Morphology of History and Culture: V.N. Ilyin, O. Spengler and A.J. Toynbee
Authors:   Alexander Solzhenitsyn House of Russia Abroad, Ermishin Oleg T. ,   Russian Government Financial University
Published: November 2023

The article devoted to the study of V.N. Ilyin’s morphology, its comparison with the ideas of O. Spengler and A.J. Toynbee. The author of the article analyzes the difference in approaches to morphology. In the work Static and Dynamics of Pure Form V.N. Ilyin created general theory of morphology, then developed and specified some theoretical ideas. In the article Oswald Spengler – the founder of the morphological scheme as applied to historical objects and Arnold Toynbee – the opponent of this scheme he criticized O. Spengler and his work Decline of the West. V.N. Ilyin considered that Spengler was too schematic and primitive in understanding historical process. He contrasted O. Spengler with A.J. Toynbee, who was consistent opponent of biological morphology. Neverthe­less, V.N. Ilyin completely diverged from A.J. Toynbee in understanding and evaluating Russia and Russian culture. A.J. Toynbee adhered to Eurocentrist point of view on Russia, considered it “satellite” of other civilizations. He did not recognize the existence of independent civilization in Russia, considered that the main question is what foreign influence on Russia will be stronger. Accord­ing to V.N. Ilyin, Russia is a self-sufficient, independent “Eurasian” civilization based on Orthodox Christianity, which has survived several “rebirth” (morpho­logical transformations). In the works Russian Music and Russian Philosophy V.N. Ilyin applied morphology to the study of Russian culture and substantiated the conclusion that each culture has an identity and holistic, interconnected mor­phological system.
Creative [Post]Economy: from Sociophilosophical to Political Economy Reflection
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Buzgalin Alexander V.
Published: November 2023

The article raises one of the most complex and urgent problems of the philoso­phy of the socio-economic development of modernity – qualitative changes due to the progress of creative activity and the transformation of homo creator into the highest value and the main means of progress. The methodological and theo­retical basis of the article are the developments of Soviet creative Marxism, which are critically aligned with the developments of foreign economists and so­ciologists in the field of creative economy problems. Moving from sociophilo­sophical to political economy research, the author shows that under the condi­tions of late capitalism, the socio-economic form of intellectual private property is imposed on the products of creative activity. This form is in conflict with the content of creative activity, as well as the currently dominant socio-economic forms of labor, primarily the form of hired labor. At the same time, even in the modern economy, a space of free creative activity is developing, in which the regime of ownership by everybody of everything operates and the formal and real emancipation of labor begins.
Ivan Goncharov and Leo Tolstoy: Humanity in Russian Classics as a Philosophical Problem
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Kulikov Anton K.
Published: November 2023

The article develops an approach to the philosophical interpretation of the works of Ivan Goncharov and Leo Tolstoy. The analysis of a literary text is un­dertaken as an effort to understand humanity, as a reflection in the context of philosophical anthropology: what is humanity? Is it possible to preserve it? The tragic experience of the 20th century has set many thinkers and writers against the myths about humanity, which Goncharov and Tolstoy were accused of creating, and put almost any discussion about it on the verge of posturing and cynicism. However, the very ability of a person to question the humanity and seek it, the ability to protest against his demythologized reality, suggests that a person is not equal to his circumstances, that his reality is not ex­hausted by empiricism. With a myth, he expresses and defends his humanity. The works of Goncharov and Tolstoy are interpreted in the article as myth-making, protecting humanity. Special attention is paid to mythological fantasy and the problem of the reality of myth-making, it is proved that the myth is not a fiction, but an autonomous reality. Humanity is understood as the meeting of everyday life and myth in this sense of the word, the living of an empirical life in association with the mythological reality of Goncharov and Tolstoy. Thus, the appeal to the myth-making of Russian classics becomes an aid to such philosophical anthropology and such humanism that would not ignore the tragedies of the century as something already past, but would not refuse to talk about humanity (hoping to preserve it only in mournful silence). The re­ality of the myth of humanity is created in spite of the inhuman reality: in this creativity and thanks to it, a person finds himself.
Rhetoric of War and and Rhetoric of Peace in the Taihei ki. Taihei ki, Maki 33, Section 4. How Starving People Drowned. Trans. by Ivan A. Tyulenev
Authors:   HSE University, Tyulenev Ivan A.
Published: November 2023

Current paper examines the views on war and war consequences in medieval Japan. The reference text is How starving people drowned (Kinin mi [wo] nageru koto), the 4th section of the 33rd scroll of the samurai tales Records of Great Peace (Taihei ki), which was completed in the second half of the 14th cen­tury. This passage describes the Japanese capital Kyoto after the devastating bat­tles for the city in 1352–1355. Battles were fought between supporters of the two branches of the sovereign dynasty, the Southern and Northern courts. As a result, the family of a certain junior official of samurai origin was forced to wander and ultimately commit suicide. In the course of the study the Kinin mi [wo] nageru koto section was firstly translated into European language. A detailed analysis of the translated text is presented in the paper below. This fragment is present in the oldest manuscripts of the Taihei ki, obtains considerable artistical, didactic and historical value, and still having an impact on Japanese culture. The aim of cur­rent study is to determine the views on war presented in the text. For this aim, linguistic and stylistic features, historical accuracy, narrative structure, logical framework, target audiences, author’s position, as well as possible interpretations in Buddhist and Neo-Confucian perspectives are considered. The conclusions of the study could provide not only a deep understanding of circumstances of the text creation and its key features, but also some thoughts regarding the perception of military operations in Japanese tales on wars.
Postmetaphysical Thinking, Ecclesiology and the Problem of a Unique Theological Language
Authors:   St.-Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Koltsov Alexander V.
Published: November 2023

The article compares two selected ecclesiological concepts of the twentieth cen­tury (bishop Damascene Tsedrik and metropolitan Anthony Bloom) with the cur­rents of thought of postmetaphysical theology, namely the movement of weak theology (G. Vattimo, J. Caputo). Firstly, a special study is required to define the object of consideration – a set of ecclesiological programmes of the twentieth century, in key points consonant with the general principles of contemporary postmetaphysical thinking; this task requires, on the one hand, identification of specific features of weak theology in its authentic variants, on the other hand, establishment of a wider (both chronological and with respect to different schools and movements) space of thought that possesses the highlighted fea­tures. Secondly, the question of the uniqueness of each replica under considera­tion arises: to what extent they are conditioned by “external” factors (an object­ive historical situation or orientation towards certain philosophical tendencies) and to what extent they remain a specifically theological statement, reflecting a particular situation in a specific religious logic. The main part offers a detailed examination of the ecclesiological views of Bishop Damascene and Metropolitan Anthony (which are chosen as two distinctive examples of a wider range of typ­ically similar positions). As a result, it is possible to identify common for them content and methodological features, which at the same time are consonant with the main points of postmetaphysical theology. The conclusions are that 1) there is a wider space of reaction to the cultural situation of criticism of modernity, of which the weak theology movement is a part, 2) in the considered concepts there is a proper theology, not reducible to the actual historical and ideological context, and 3) sacramental aspects of the presented ecclesiologies can be inter­preted in the spirit of postmodern poetics of Event.
Hermeneutics and Deontology or about Smysl, The Conversation of N.N. Shulgin and L.T. Ryskeldiyeva
Authors:   Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lora T. Lora T. , Shulgin Nikolai N. ,   “Voprosy Filosofii”, Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2023

In a conversation hermeneutic deontology is discussed as a result of the synthe­sis of the concepts of Sense and Duty. The current situation in the philosophical culture is shows us an undeniable crisis, urgent search for the ways to transfer knowledge, the necessity to respond to technological and information challenges. The question raised about the nature and goals of philosophical activity, about the topology and discursive role of metaphysics, about the relationship between philosophy and creativity. The main points of posing the fundamental for Moder­nity problem of Cogito are from Descartes – Kant – Husserl to the re-actualiza­tion of the transcendental approach to consciousness nowadays. The participants of the conversation talk about possible ways to safely use of “smart machines” that successfully imitate intellectual activity and note that the activity of the Cogito can also be the opposite of comprehension as appropriation, so to speak, making Data mine. The anti-reductionist features of the Russian word “Smysl” (Sense) are noted, which allow us to see Wholeness as the source of all mean­ings, which cannot be included in Data. Such Smysl holds philosophical dis­course together, has a textual expression and deontological status, which can only be guaranteed by the efforts of the participants of the Socratic dialogue. It is noted that Russian philosophy represented by V.S. Solovyev begins not with Cogito, but with Smysl, and this beginning allows this philosophy to be a “moral project”.
The Universality of the Aesthetic Attitude to the World as the Creative Principle of N.I. Kiyashchenko
Authors:   Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, Lipsky Vladimir N.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the discussion of the philosophical and methodological potential of one of the fruitful ideas of N.I. Kiyashchenko – the principle of the universality of a person’s aesthetic attitude to the world. In contrast to the rather widespread Hegelian point of view, according to which the aesthetic attitude to the world is limited mainly to the sphere of art, he, relying on the ac­tivity approach developed in Russian philosophy, insisted on the presence and essential role of the aesthetic attitude to the world in all spheres of human life and society in general. Through out Kiyashchenko’s creative life, this interpreta­tion of the role of the aesthetic acted as a connecting thematic line that united the diversity of scientific interests and conceptual incarnations of both himself and his fellow specialists in various fields and directions of research of the modern culture. The team headed by Kiyashchenko discussed the aesthetic aspects of un­derstanding both humanitarian and natural reality (including such fields of sci­ence as genetics, synergetics, neuroscience, etc.). The result of this collective work was a series of works associated, according to the plan of N.I. Kiya­shchenko, with the transformation of modern aesthetic ideas in their concep­tual expression. And in essence, these works represent the ideological heritage of Nikolai Ivanovich Kiyashchenko.
Two Theories of Predictive Cognition
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences,, Mikhailov Igor F.
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, representations are all the more often conceived as probability distri­butions. Although many authors continue to adhere to “conceptual” and “proposi­tional” idioms, meanwhile, there are cognitive theories that can explain the tran­scend of mental operations beyond the narrow framework of associations and reflexive learning to conceptual cognition. The article discusses two concepts based on the understanding of cognitions as probabilistic predictions: the theory of pre­dictive processing (PP) and the theory of functional systems (FS). The PP-theory relies heavily on the concepts of computation and representation. However, repre­sentations are considered here as sub-symbolic, and, accordingly, computations are understood as probabilistic (Bayesian) inference. The FS-theory believes that a cognitive system anticipates parameters of the expected result and strives to maintain a certain level of metabolism, as well as to minimize the degrees of freedom of the system. As it is shown, we don’t have sufficient reasons to con­sider both theories equivalent. They are located at different levels of the Marr’s scheme, use different mathematics, and, probably, are not equally falsifiable. Based on these considerations, it can be assumed that the explanations and pre­dictions of these two theories will differ.
Ethical Possibilities of Using Artificial Intelligence: Cultural and Philosophical Analysis
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Gasparian Diana E. , Turko Dmitrii S. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Besschetnova Elena V. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: November 2023

This article is devoted to the reviewing the modern discussions on approaches to the ethical limitations of the applicability of artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI). The authors note that there are two interrelated problems of using AI from an ethical point of view. The first is that of coordinating the work of AI with the existing values in society. The second is the formalization of these values. Most AI programs focus on neutral data analysis. However, the authors of the article note that for a number of tasks aimed at assessing human actions, such as a neutral position, it is impossible, since there is a risk of contra­diction between the legislative framework adopted in the state and ethical norms enshrined in society. The article substantiates the thesis that the lack of a value component makes senseless the work of AI programs in the implementation of a wide range of social and public services. In addition, the article reconstructs the field of ethical dilemmas associated with the implementation and application of AI in various areas of human life. At the same time, it is shown that the range of ethical problems associated with the development and use of AI in the modern world does not fall exclusively under the jurisdiction of the legal sphere and rule-making activities. A number of key ethical discussions regarding the practice of using AI lie outside the realm of legal issues.
From passion to profession: an employability framework in sport development
Authors: Harris-Reeves Brooke
Published: November 2023

Employers seek graduates with a broad skill set who can acquire and implement new skills to quickly adapt to changes in the workplace. To ensure graduates are well-equipped for the workforce, universities should prioritise not just delivery of discipline-specific coursework, but also provision of opportunities for students to cultivate their employability skills. Tailored employability initiatives across the lifecycle of a degree are presented in this paper. By examining a case study in Sport Development, the article showcases how structured employability curriculum can be effectively integrated into core subjects to provide students with the essential abilities and understanding required for graduate employment. This paper demonstrates that universities have the potential to further strengthen students’ employability skills by incorporating customised employability initiatives throughout the student lifecycle, encompassing both curricular and co-curricular activities. Universities are encouraged to work closely with alumni, industry, and other stakeholders to develop a degree-wide approach to employability activities that are tailored to the needs of students and their future profession.
A Hybrid Data-Physics Framework for Reservoir Performance Prediction with Application to H2S Production
Authors: Leeuwenburgh Olwijn , Egberts Paul J. P. , Barros Eduardo G. D. , Turchan Lukasz P. , Dilib Fahad , Lødøen Ole-Petter , de Bruin Wouter J.
Published: November 2023

Model-based reservoir management workflows rely on the ability to generate predictions for large numbers of model and decision scenarios. When suitable simulators or models are not available or cannot be evaluated in a sufficiently short time frame, surrogate modeling techniques can be used instead. In the first part of this paper, we describe extensions of a recently developed open-source framework for creating and training flow network surrogate models, called FlowNet. In particular, we discuss functionality to reproduce historical well rates for wells with arbitrary trajectories, multiple perforated sections, and changing well type or injection phase, as one may encounter in large and complex fields with a long history. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for the placement of additional network nodes in the presence of flow barriers. Despite their flexibility and speed, the applicability of flow network models is limited to phenomena that can be simulated with available numerical simulators. Prediction of poorly understood physics, such as reservoir souring, may require a more data-driven approach. We discuss an extension of the FlowNet framework with a machine learning (ML) proxy for the purpose of generating predictions of H2S production rates. The combined data-physics proxy is trained on historical liquid volume rates, seawater fractions, and H2S production data from a real North Sea oil and gas field, and is then used to generate predictions of H2S production. Several experiments are presented in which the data source, data type, and length of the history are varied. Results indicate that, given a sufficient number of training data, FlowNet is able to produce reliable predictions of conventional oilfield quantities. An experiment performed with the ML proxy suggests that, at least for some production wells, useful predictions of H2S production can be obtained much faster and at much lower computational cost and complexity than would be possible with high-fidelity models. Finally, we discuss some of the current limitations of the approach and options to address them.
Long read sequencing characterises a novel structural variant, revealing underactive AKR1C1 with overactive AKR1C2 as a possible cause of severe chronic fatigue
Authors: Oakley Julia , Hill Martin , Giess Adam , Tanguy Mélanie , Elgar Greg
Published: November 2023

Background
Causative genetic variants cannot yet be found for many disorders with a clear heritable component, including chronic fatigue disorders like myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). These conditions may involve genes in difficult-to-align genomic regions that are refractory to short read approaches. Structural variants in these regions can be particularly hard to detect or define with short reads, yet may account for a significant number of cases. Long read sequencing can overcome these difficulties but so far little data is available regarding the specific analytical challenges inherent in such regions, which need to be taken into account to ensure that variants are correctly identified. Research into chronic fatigue disorders faces the additional challenge that the heterogeneous patient populations likely encompass multiple aetiologies with overlapping symptoms, rather than a single disease entity, such that each individual abnormality may lack statistical significance within a larger sample. Better delineation of patient subgroups is needed to target research and treatment.
Methods
We use nanopore sequencing in a case of unexplained severe fatigue to identify and fully characterise a large inversion in a highly homologous region spanning the AKR1C gene locus, which was indicated but could not be resolved by short-read sequencing. We then use GC-MS/MS serum steroid analysis to investigate the functional consequences.
Results
Several commonly used bioinformatics tools are confounded by the homology but a combined approach including visual inspection allows the variant to be accurately resolved. The DNA inversion appears to increase the expression of AKR1C2 while limiting AKR1C1 activity, resulting in a relative increase of inhibitory GABAergic neurosteroids and impaired progesterone metabolism which could suppress neuronal activity and interfere with cellular functionin a wide range of tissues.
Conclusions
This study provides an example of how long read sequencing can improve diagnostic yield in research and clinical care, and highlights some of the analytical challenges presented by regions containing tandem arrays of genes. It also proposes a novel gene associated with a novel disease aetiology that may be an underlying cause of complex chronic fatigue. It reveals biomarkers that could now be assessed in a larger cohort, potentially identifying a subset of patients who might respond to treatments suggested by the aetiology.
Shaping Carbon into Carbon matrices with Tuneable Diameter and Photo luminescent Properties
Authors: Torre Alessandro La
Published: November 2023

We report on a new form of nanoscale carbon in the shape of hemispherical carbon matrices and with the bonding characteristics of either sp1 or sp2 carbon. The carbon matrices are formed spontaneously at high temperature from organic molecules adsorbed on the surface of colloidal nanoparticles, with the metal core acting simultaneously as catalyst and template for the carbon matrices growth. This new method of synthesis has demonstrated unprecedented levels of control over the carbon matrices formation, as thermally driven Ostwald ripening of the metal core provides for precise control of the carbon matrices diameter, whilst the propensity of metal nanoparticles to self-assemble into super-lattices enables the formation of highly ordered hexagonal arrays of the carbon matrices on different types of surfaces. Significantly, this new form of carbon exhibits photo luminescent activity in the visible and near-IR ranges, with the wavelength of emitted light determined by the length of sp1 chains which link sp2 domains.
A Comparison of Damage and Risk Conditions of the Structures in Mustafa Paşa Neighborhood after the Elazig Earthquake Dated 24 January 2020
Authors: Bahşi Emrah , Dada Ahmet , Demir Can , Cenikli Serdar
Published: November 2023

Elazig province, located on the Eastern Anatolian Fault Line (EAF), is located in a region with high seismicity. The behavior of structures built with traditional methods, which do not meet the boundary conditions specified in the current legislation of the structure design, threatens the safety of life and property. This situation was observed in the Elazig earthquake that occurred on January 24, 2020, and serious damage occurred to the structures after the earthquake. Within the scope of this study, damage detection studies were carried out in the borders of Elazığ Province, Merkez District, and Mustafa Paşa Neighborhood among 190 structures, 110 structures with intact structural systems were identified within the scope of Law No. 6306 on Transformation of Areas under Disaster Risk, and all the results were evaluated together.
Implementation and Validation of Software Fault Prediction Model using Soft-computing based on Proposed Requirement metric
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet , Kush Ashwani , Soni Rachna
Published: November 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
An ultra-low detection limit Fe 3+ optical fiber fluorescent sensor based on a anti-B 18 H 22 derivative with aggregation-induced emission enhancement
Authors: Zheng Yong , Zheng Yulian , Zhang Yimei , Meng Hongyun , Tan Chunhua
Published: November 2023

A fluorescent Fe3+ probe ((C10H7NO2)2B18H20, M1) by introducing two isoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid group into the 6,9-position of anti-B18H22 was designed and synthesized. The structure of M1 was investigated by 1H NMR, MS, FT-IR and theoretical calculation, and its optical properties were characterized with UV-Vis and PL. M1 showed aggregation induced emission enhancement(AIEE) properties in THF/H2O solution, and exhibited excellent selectivity toward Fe3+ in THF/H2O (v/v, ƒw=95%) solution with a detection limit of 1.93×10-5 M. The interaction mechanism of probes with Fe3+ was attributed to the involvement of intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. Furthermore, a optical fiber fluorescent Fe3+ sensor based on M1 sensing film was developed, the detection limit of the optical fiber Fe3+ fluorescent sensor could be improved to13.8pM, the ultra-low detection limit is superior to most reported fluorescent probes (or sensors) towards Fe3+. This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, anti-interference and easy to operate, and has great potential in the field of the analysis of environmental and biological samples.
Clinical Characteristics and Perinatal Outcome of Fetuses with Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Davutoglu Ebru Alici , Arica Gorkem , Sahin Nazli Ece , Ucar Ayse Kalyoncu , Adaletli Ibrahim , Vural Zekeriyya Mehmet , Madazli Riza
Published: November 2023

Purpose
To assess the incidence of associated structural anomalies, chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, infections, and perinatal outcomes of fetuses with ventriculomegaly (VM), also to evaluate the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting associated intracranial anomalies.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 149 prenatally diagnosed pregnancies with fetal VM. VM was classified as mild (Vp = 10–12 mm), moderate (Vp = 12.1–15 mm), and severe (Vp > 15 mm). Fetal MRI was performed to 97 pregnancies.
Results
The incidences of an associated CNS, non-CNS, chromosomal anomaly, genetic abnormality and fetal infection were 42.3%, 11.4%, 6.1%, 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively. Fetal MRI identified additional CNS anomalies in 6.7% of cases, particularly in severe VM. The incidences of perinatal outcomes were 18.8% termination of pregnancy, 4% intrauterine and 8.1% neonatal or infant death. The rates of fetuses alive at > 12 months of age with neurological morbidity were 2.6%, 11.1% and 76.9% for mild, moderate and severe isolated VM, respectively.
Conclusion
The prognosis of fetuses with VM mostly depends on the severity and the associated anomalies. Mild to moderate isolated VM generally have favorable outcomes. Fetal MRI is particularly valuable in fetuses with isolated severe VM.
Genome analysis of Streptococcus spp. isolates from Animals in Pre-Antibiotic Era with Respect to Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Gene Profiles
Authors: Hyeon Ji-Yeon , Kim Junwon , Chung David H. , Helal Zeinab H. , Polkowski Robert , Lee Dong-Hun , Risatti Guillermo R.
Published: November 2023

Lyophilized Streptococcus spp. isolates (n = 50) from animal samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory at the University of Connecticut in the 1940s were revivified to investigate the genetic characteristics using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The Streptococcus spp. isolates were identified as follows; S. agalactiae (n = 14), S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (n = 10), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimils (n = 5), S. uberis (n = 8), S. pyogenes (n = 7), S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (n = 4), S. oralis (n = 1), and S. pseudoporcinus (n = 1). We identified sequence types (ST) of S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, S. pyogenes, and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and reported ten novel sequence types of those species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high genetic diversity of Streptococcus spp. in animals in the United States in the 1940s. WGS analysis revealed that none of Streptococcus spp. carried acquired antibiotic resistance genes but all S. agalactiae isolates carried the macrolide resistance gene (mre(A)). However, tetracycline resistance was observed in four out of 14 S. dysgalactiae isolates and in one S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolate. This data highlights that antimicrobial resistance is pre-existed in nature before the use of antibiotics. Virulence gene profile analysis revealed that the hasC gene was observed in all Streptococcus spp. isolates of this study, and none of the Streptococcus spp. isolates in this study harbored the cba and clpP genes. This study provides an invaluable resource for studying the evolutionary aspects of antibiotic resistance acquisition and virulence in Streptococcus spp.
Improving Byzantine Fault Tolerance Based on Stake Evaluation and Consistent Hashing
Authors: Wu Guangfu , Lai Xin , He Daojing , Chan Sammy , Fu Xiaoyan
Published: November 2023

In the context of distributed systems, Byzantine fault tolerance plays a critical role in ensuring the normal operation of the system, particularly when facing with malicious nodes. However, challenges remain in enhancing the security and reliability of Byzantine fault-tolerant systems. This paper addresses these challenges by improving a Byzantine fault-tolerant approach based on stake evaluation and improved consistency hashing. We propose a method that leverages node stakes to enhance system security and reliability by allocating different trust values. Additionally, we introduce improvements to the consistency hashing technique, enabling its effective operation in a Byzantine fault-tolerant environment. By introducing redundant nodes on the hash ring to mitigate the impact of malicious nodes, we enhance system fault tolerance and scalability. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in system security and performance using this approach. These findings suggest that our method holds considerable potential for widespread application in the field of Byzantine fault tolerance, supporting the development of more reliable blockchain systems.
Scenario Projections for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and RSV Burden in
the US (2023-2024)
Authors: Meyers Lauren , Bi Kaiming , Bandekar Shraddha , Bouchnita Anass , Fox Spencer
Published: November 2023

Following the relaxation of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, the concurrent spread of SARS-CoV-2, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from September 2022 to March 2023 taxed healthcare resources globally. The unpredictable nature of future tripledemics challenges public health planning, as these viruses have not settled into post-pandemic seasonal cycles and the future uptake of medical countermeasures is uncertain. This study employs mathematical models to project hospitalizations due to COVID-19, influenza, and RSV in the United States during the 2023-2024 respiratory virus season under plausible scenarios for viral transmission rates and the impacts of influenza vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 boosters, and newly-approved RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Projections suggest that, comparing the most optimistic to the most pessimistic scenarios, cumulative hospitalizations could decrease by 38% (95% CI: 21%, 54%) or increase by 45% (95% CI: 10%, 82%) relative to the 2022-23 season.