bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactive compounds, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Tamarindus indica Linn.
Authors: Fagbemi Kehinde Oluwakemi , Aina Daniel Ayandiran , Adeoye-Isijola Morenike Olutunmbi , Naidoo Kubendran Kista , Coopoosamy Roger Murugas , Olajuyigbe Olufunmiso Olusola
Published: June 2022

Tamarindus indica is one of the tropical medicinal plants that has been attributed curative potential of numerous diseases by many rural dwellers. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities and also to determine the various chemical constituents responsible for its pharmacological activities. The methanol extract of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer to determine the volatile compounds present. The antioxidant activities were performed using DPPH and FRAP method and the antibacterial activity was tested against some common pathogens by macro broth dilution method. The GCMS analysis shows the presence of 37 compounds, out of which 14 had their peak area percentages ≥ 1% and only two compounds had no reported pharmacological activities. Most of the bioactive compounds including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (31.06%)-3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (16.31%), 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Glucopyranose (9.95%), 5-methyl-Furancarboxaldehyde (3.2%), Triethylenediamine (1.17%), 1-(2-furanyl)-1-Propcanone (2.18%), Methyl 2-furoate (3.14%), Levoglucosenone (3.21%), methyl ester-Hepta-2,4-dienoic acid, (8.85%), 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydrox-4H-Pyran-4-one (3.4%), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside (2.18%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (1.38%), 2-Heptanol, acetate (1.29%), 5-[(5-methyl-2-fur-2-Furancarboxaldehyde (1.08%), 3-Methyl-2-furoic acid (1.05%) and cis-Vaccenic acid (2.85%)have been reported with different activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anticancer, antioxidant and other prophylactic activities. The extract demonstrated inhibitory potential against all tested pathogen. However, Plesiomonas shigellosis ATCC 15903 and Bacillus pumillus ATCC 14884 are more sensitive with the MIC of 0.22 and 0.44 mg/ml respectively. The antioxidant activity was relatively low due to the low phenolic content of the extract. This shows that there is a strong correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic content. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents with various biological activities and this justifies the rationale behind its usage as a curative therapy by many local dwellers.
Supercontinuum generation in a nonlinear ultra-silicon-rich nitride waveguide
Authors: Cao Yanmei , Sohn Byoung-Uk , Gao Hongwei , Xing Peng , Chen George F. R. , Ng Doris K. T. , Tan Dawn T. H.
Published: June 2022

Supercontinuum generation is demonstrated in a 3-mm-long ultra-silicon-rich nitride (USRN) waveguide by launching 500 fs pulses centered at 1555 nm with a pulse energy of 17 pJ. The generated supercontinuum is experimentally characterized to possess a high spectral coherence, with an average |g12| exceeding 0.90 across the wavelength range of the coherence measurement (1260 nm to 1700 nm). Numerical simulations further indicate a high coherence over the full spectrum. The experimentally measured supercontinuum agrees well with the theoretical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The generated broadband spectra using 500 fs pulses possessing high spectral coherence provide a promising route for CMOS-compatible light sources for self-referencing applications, metrology, and imaging.
Prostate cancer therapy personalization via multi-modal deep learning on randomized phase III clinical trials
Authors: Esteva Andre , Feng Jean , van der Wal Douwe , Huang Shih-Cheng , Simko Jeffry P. , DeVries Sandy , Chen Emmalyn , Schaeffer Edward M. , Morgan Todd M. , Sun Yilun , Ghorbani Amirata , Naik Nikhil , Nathawani Dhruv , Socher Richard , Michalski Jeff M. , Roach Mack , Pisansky Thomas M. , Monson Jedidiah M. , Naz Farah , Wallace James , Ferguson Michelle J. , Bahary Jean-Paul , Zou James , Lungren Matthew , Yeung Serena , Ross Ashley E. ,   NRG Prostate Cancer AI Consortium, Kucharczyk Michael , Souhami Luis , Ballas Leslie , Peters Christopher A. , Liu Sandy , Balogh Alexander G. , Randolph-Jackson Pamela D. , Schwartz David L. , Girvigian Michael R. , Saito Naoyuki G. , Raben Adam , Rabinovitch Rachel A. , Katato Khalil , Sandler Howard M. , Tran Phuoc T. , Spratt Daniel E. , Pugh Stephanie , Feng Felix Y. , Mohamad Osama
Published: June 2022

Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer death. Determining a patient’s optimal therapy is a challenge, where oncologists must select a therapy with the highest likelihood of success and the lowest likelihood of toxicity. International standards for prognostication rely on non-specific and semi-quantitative tools, commonly leading to over- and under-treatment. Tissue-based molecular biomarkers have attempted to address this, but most have limited validation in prospective randomized trials and expensive processing costs, posing substantial barriers to widespread adoption. There remains a significant need for accurate and scalable tools to support therapy personalization. Here we demonstrate prostate cancer therapy personalization by predicting long-term, clinically relevant outcomes using a multimodal deep learning architecture and train models using clinical data and digital histopathology from prostate biopsies. We train and validate models using five phase III randomized trials conducted across hundreds of clinical centers. Histopathological data was available for 5654 of 7764 randomized patients (71%) with a median follow-up of 11.4 years. Compared to the most common risk-stratification tool—risk groups developed by the National Cancer Center Network (NCCN)—our models have superior discriminatory performance across all endpoints, ranging from 9.2% to 14.6% relative improvement in a held-out validation set. This artificial intelligence-based tool improves prognostication over standard tools and allows oncologists to computationally predict the likeliest outcomes of specific patients to determine optimal treatment. Outfitted with digital scanners and internet access, any clinic could offer such capabilities, enabling global access to therapy personalization.
Combined experimental and theoretical investigation on the magnetic properties derived from the coordination of 6-methyl-2-oxonicotinate to 3d-metal ions
Authors: Razquin-Bobillo Laura , Pajuelo-Corral Oier , Artetxe Beñat , Zabala-Lekuona Andoni , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , San Sebastian Eider , Cepeda Javier
Published: June 2022

A structurally diverse family of coordination compounds with 6-methyl-2-oxonicotinate ligand and 3d metal ions is described. Magnetic properties are analysed from experimental and theoretical viewpoints.
Bright tunable luminescence of Sb3+ doping in zero-dimensional lead-free halide Cs3ZnCl5 perovskite crystals
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Weibing , Xu Rui , Tu Jiayu , Fang Guoyong , Pan Yuexiao
Published: June 2022

A series of phosphors composed of Sb3+-doped 0D perovskite crystals Cs3ZnCl5 with wavelength-tunable emission spectra have been obtained using a facile recrystallization method at room temperature in air.
Yolk–shell-type gold nanosphere-encapsulated mesoporous silica for catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in the presence of persulfate
Authors: Kim Geun Young , Lee Donghyun , Choe Hyun-Seok , Park Jeong-Min , Jeong Suyoung , Park Erwin Jongwoo , Lee Ji Won , Lee Changha , Kim Jae-Hyuk
Published: June 2022

Gold nanosphere-encapsulated mesoporous silica exhibits excellent performance in phenol degradation by providing high surface area, blocking external interfering materials, and preventing leakage of gold nanospheres.
(±)-Walskiiglucinol A, a pair of rearranged acylphloroglucinol derivative enantiomers from Hypericum przewalskii
Authors: Duan Yulin , Bu Pengfei , Guo Yi , Shi Zhengyi , Cao Yunfang , Zhang Yeting , Hu Hong , Hu Hankun , Qi Changxing , Zhang Yonghui
Published: June 2022

A pair of rearranged acylphloroglucinol derivative enantiomers with a 1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane skeleton, derived from monocyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (MPAPs), was obtained from Hypericum przewalskii.
Three modes of interactions between anions and phenolic macrocycles: a comparative study
Authors: Abdurakhmanova Esma R. , Cmoch Piotr , Szumna Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

Resorcin[4]arenes are multidentate anion receptors with binding modes that engage either OH and aromatic CH groups (mode I) or OH and aliphatic CH atoms (mode II) or aromatic CH atoms from the lower rim (mode III).
Thiochromenocarbazole imide: a new organic dye with first utility in large area flexible electroluminescent devices
Authors: Castán José María Andrés , Amruth C. , Josse Pierre , Galan Laura Abad , Marqués Pablo Simón , Allain Magali , Maury Olivier , Le Bahers Tangui , Blanchard Philippe , Monnereau Cyrille , Welch Gregory C. , Cabanetos Clément
Published: June 2022

Synthesis and use of the unprecedented thiochromenocarbazole imide (TCI) for the preparation of printed, large-area and flexible OLEDs.
Chiral oxamide–phosphine–palladium catalyzed highly asymmetric allylic amination: carbonyl assistance for high regio- and enantiocontrols
Authors: Chen Jun-Bo , Peng Cheng , Zhou Sheng-Suo , Wang Yong , Wang Zheng , Wang Xing-Wang
Published: June 2022

The chiral oxamide–phosphine (COAP) ligands were developed for the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination of vinyl benzoxazinones with alkylamines, affording a series of optically active diamines in good yields with high enantioselectivity.
Insights into the evaporation behaviour of FAI: material degradation and consequences for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kroll Martin , Öz Seren Dilara , Zhang Zongbao , Ji Ran , Schramm Tim , Antrack Tobias , Vaynzof Yana , Olthof Selina , Leo Karl
Published: June 2022

In situ mass spectrometry measurements of FAI degradation for a deeper understanding of perovskite co-evaporation and its process parameters.
Jolkinolide B induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MKN45 gastric cancer cells and inhibits xenograft tumor growth in vivo
Authors: Zhang Hao , Qian Jiayi , Jin Ming , Fan Li , Fan SongJie , Pan Hong , Li Yang , Wang Ningning , Jian Baiyu
Published: June 2022

Gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive carcinomas throughout the world and represents high mortality. There is an urgent quest for seeking a novel and efficient antigastric cancer drug. Euphorbia fischeriana Steud had long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancer. According to the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, its antitumor mechanism is ‘to combat poison with poison’. However, its effective material foundation of it is still ambiguous. In our previous work, we studied the chemical constituents of E. fischeriana Steud. Jolkinolide B (JB) is an ent-abietane-type diterpenoid we isolated from it. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antigastric effect and mechanism of JB. Results revealed that JB could suppress the proliferation of MKN45 cells in vitro and inhibit MKN45 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice in vivo. We further investigated its anticancer mechanism. On the one hand, JB caused DNA damage in gastric cancer MKN45 cells and induced the S cycle arrest by activating the ATR-CHK1-CDC25A-Cdk2 signaling pathway, On the other hand, JB induced MKN45 cells apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, and ultimately effectively inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that JB appears to be a promising candidate drug with antigastric cancer activity and warrants further research.
KiDS-1000: Cosmic shear with enhanced redshift calibration
Authors: van den Busch J. L. , Wright A. H. , Hildebrandt H. , Bilicki M. , Asgari M. , Joudaki S. , Blake C. , Heymans C. , Kannawadi A. , Shan H. Y. , Tröster T.
Published: June 2022

We present a cosmic shear analysis with an improved redshift calibration for the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) using self-organising maps (SOMs). Compared to the previous analysis of the KiDS-1000 data, we expand the redshift calibration sample to more than twice its size, now consisting of data of 17 spectroscopic redshift campaigns, and significantly extending the fraction of KiDS galaxies we are able to calibrate with our SOM redshift methodology. We then enhanced the calibration sample with precision photometric redshifts from COSMOS2015 and the Physics of the Accelerated Universe Survey (PAUS), allowing us to fill gaps in the spectroscopic coverage of the KiDS data. Finally we performed a Complete Orthogonal Sets of E/B-Integrals (COSEBIs) cosmic shear analysis of the newly calibrated KiDS sample. We foundS8 = 0.748−0.025+0.021, which is in good agreement with previous KiDS studies and increases the tension with measurements of the cosmic microwave background to 3.4σ. We repeated the redshift calibration with different subsets of the full calibration sample and obtained, in all cases, agreement within at most 0.5σinS8compared to our fiducial analysis. Including additional photometric redshifts allowed us to calibrate an additional 6% of the source galaxy sample. Even though further systematic testing with simulated data is necessary to quantify the impact of redshift outliers, precision photometric redshifts can be beneficial at high redshifts and to mitigate selection effects commonly found in spectroscopically selected calibration samples.
Treatment Limitations for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas in a Middle-Income Country
Authors: Baquero-Herrera Pablo E. , Ardila-Martínez Manuel A. , Abdalá-Vargas Nadín J. , Racedo Jorge , Ordóñez-Rubiano Edgar G.
Published: June 2022

Objectives To evaluate the surgical management outcomes in pediatric patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) who underwent intended biopsies and partial resections in a middle-income country, highlighting the barriers and challenges of these procedures for further investigation.

Methods A retrospective review of a prospective acquired series of patients who underwent biopsy or resection for DIPG between January 2012 and June 2018 at our institution was performed.

Results A total of 43 patients with posterior fossa tumors were identified. From these, seven pediatric DIPG cases were enrolled. Five were males. The median age was 5 years (range: 1–12 years). Only one patient (14.3%) had a ganglioglioma, while the others presented pilocytic and diffuse astrocytomas. Two (28.6%) patients had an intentional biopsy, and the other five (71.4%) had a partial resection. In the three (28.6%) patients who presented with associated hydrocephalus, the endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed in the same surgical time. The median preoperative Lansky play-performance scale (LPPS) was 80 (range: 60–100), while the median postoperative LPPS was 23 (range: 7–52).

Conclusion A decrease in overall survival was noted compared with data reported in other series. Multifactorial barriers were discussed including the social, geographic, and economic features that may influence on final outcomes.
Association between Parent-Reported Executive Functions and Self-Reported Emotional Problems among Adolescent Offspring of Fathers with Alcohol-Dependence
Authors: Nattala Prasanthi , Kishore M. Thomas , Murthy Pratima , Christopher Rita , Veerabathini Jessy Sharon , Suresh Sumegha
Published: June 2022

Objectives To compare the executive functions in adolescents of fathers with alcohol dependence (AOFADs) with a control group of adolescents without a paternal history of alcohol dependence and examine the association between executive functioning problems and behavioral and emotional problems.

Materials and Methods The study included 39 AOFADs and 45 adolescent offspring of fathers without a history of alcohol-use disorders, who were matched for age and sex. They were assessed using standardized measures of executive functions and emotional and behavioral problems.

Statistical Analysis A comparison was made between the two groups about the parental report of adolescents' executive functions and adolescents' self-reported emotional and behavioral problems. ANCOVA was performed to understand the covariance of educational and socio-economic status on executive functions. Correlation between executive functions, emotional and behavioral problems, and the duration of father's alcohol dependence was examined with Spearman's rho.

Results AOFAD group showed significant impairment on all subdomains of executive functions and emotional and behavioral disturbances (p < 0.01) but not on the prosocial behavioral dimension (p < 0.01). The group differences were independent of child's education and family income. Executive functional impairments positively correlated with psychopathology (p < 0.01). Problems with executive functions and psychopathology correlated with the duration of the father's alcohol dependence.

Conclusions AOFADs are at risk for executive function impairments which in turn are strongly associated with emotional and behavioral problems. The association is independent of child's education and family economic status. The duration of alcohol dependence in fathers is associated with these problems. It has implications for targeted interventions for both adolescents and families.
Novel Technologies in Chronic Wound Care
Authors: Hayun Yehiel , Yaacobi Dafna Shilo , Shachar Tal , Harats Moti , Grush Andrew E. , Olshinka Asaf
Published: June 2022

In Israel, 20% of wounds do not progress to full healing under treatment with conservative technologies of which 1 to 2% are eventually defined as chronic wounds. Chronic wounds are a complex health burden for patients and pose considerable therapeutic and budgetary burden on health systems. The causes of chronic wounds include systemic and local factors. Initial treatment involves the usual therapeutic means, but as healing does not progress, more advanced therapeutic technologies are used. Undoubtedly, advanced means, such as negative pressure systems, and advanced technologies, such as oxygen systems and micrografts, have vastly improved the treatment of chronic wounds. Our service specializes in treating ulcers and difficult-to-heal wounds while providing a multiprofessional medical response. Herein, we present our experience and protocols in treating chronic wounds using a variety of advanced dressings and technologies.
A compact transparent polarization-insensitive metasurface with broadband monostatic and bistatic radar cross-section reduction of millimeter-waves
Authors: He Xiaoluo , Qi Chu , Wong Alex M H
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes an optimized optically transparent metasurface (OTM) which achieves broadband monostatic and bistatic radar cross-section (RCS) reduction with polarization and angle insensitivity. Through employing (a) theoretical formulation involving both monostatic and bistatic RCS and (b) unit cell placement optimization using the particle swarm optimization approach, we achieve monostatic and bistatic RCS reduction over a broad bandwidth with a single-layer, ultra-thin metasurface featuring only two types of unit cells. The proposed metasurface has high optical transparency and electrically small size compared to counterparts with similar performances. Simulation and experimental measurement show that the metasurface achieves more than 10 dB monostatic and bistatic RCS reduction from 18 to 34 GHz, which completely covers the 5G mm-wave spectrum. The proposed optically transparent metasurface can find use in many areas, including mm-wave applications, invisible glass technology, and vehicle windshield systems.
Superfluid density in conventional superconductors: from clean to strongly disordered
Authors: Dutta Surajit , Raychaudhuri Pratap , Mandal Sudhansu S , Ramakrishnan T V
Published: June 2022

The highly convergent form of superfluid density in disordered conventional superconductors available in the literature and independently obtained by us following the approach of an earlier paper (Mandal and Ramakrishnan 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 024514) has been reformulated to separate out the generally used so-called ‘dirty-limit’ term and an additional term. We use this new expression for making an extensive comparison with previously published experimental data and show that the former, generally used, term is not sufficient for analyzing these results. We point out that consequently, there is a large regime (disordered superconductors with moderate to no disorder) where theoretical predictions need to be confronted with experiment.
Magnetoresistance studies of two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2 nano-flake
Authors: Zeng Xiangyu , Ye Ge , Huang Shuyi , Zhang Liang , Xu Hongsheng , Liu Yulu , Kuang Haoze , Ma Boyang , Luo Jikui , Lu Xin , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: June 2022

The magneto-transport properties of two-dimensional (2D) Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) nano-flakes are carefully investigated with the variation of the temperature and the direction of the applied magnetic field (B). Four magnetoresistance (MR) behavior are obtained at different temperatures with B paralleling the flake’s surface, because of the competition between the merging of different domains, spin fluctuation, and the spin momentum flipping. Different from the reported negative MR of bulk FGT, 2D FGT shows a positive MR behavior with the increase of B at a low temperature in a low B range, owning to the domination of the spin momentum flipping induced by the weakening of the coupling between different layers with the decrease of the thickness of the FGT flake. The angle-dependence of the FGT MR is also investigated and can be well explained by the competition mentioned above.
Quenched Poisson processes for random subshifts of finite type
Authors: Crimmins Harry , Saussol Benoît
Published: June 2022

In this paper we study the quenched distributions of hitting times for a class of random dynamical systems. We prove that hitting times to dynamically defined cylinders converge to a Poisson point process under the law of random equivariant measures with super-polynomial decay of correlations. In particular, we apply our results to uniformly aperiodic random subshifts of finite type equipped with random invariant Gibbs measures. We emphasize that we make no assumptions about the mixing property of the marginal measure.
Global hypersurfaces of section in the spatial restricted three-body problem
Authors: Moreno Agustin , van Koert Otto
Published: June 2022

We propose a contact-topological approach to the spatial circular restricted three-body problem, for energies below and slightly above the first critical energy value. We prove the existence of a circle family of global hypersurfaces of section for the regularized dynamics. Below the first critical value, these hypersurfaces are diffeomorphic to the unit disk cotangent bundle of the two-sphere, and they carry symplectic forms on their interior, which are each deformation equivalent to the standard symplectic form. The boundary of the global hypersurface of section is an invariant set for the regularized dynamics that is equal to a level set of the Hamiltonian describing the regularized planar problem. The first return map is Hamiltonian, and restricts to the boundary as the time-1 map of a positive reparameterization of the Reeb flow in the planar problem. This construction holds for any choice of mass ratio, and is therefore non-perturbative. We illustrate the technique in the completely integrable case of the rotating Kepler problem, where the return map can be studied explicitly.
Entropy inequalities for semigroup actions
Authors: Carvalho Maria , Rodrigues Fagner B , Varandas Paulo
Published: June 2022

We extend Margulis–Ruelle inequality to the general setting of semigroup actions which are finitely generated either by Lipschitz continuous maps acting on a compact metric space or by smooth maps on a compact Riemannian manifold. We also discuss a few examples to illustrate the sharpness of our estimates.
Geometric graph-theoretic aspects of quantum stabilizer codes
Authors: Cafaro Carlo
Published: June 2022

We propose a systematic procedure for the construction of graphs associated with binary quantum stabilizer codes. The procedure is characterized by means of the following three step process. First, the stabilizer code is realized as a codeword-stabilized (CWS) quantum code. Second, the canonical form of the CWS code is determined and third, the input vertices are attached to the graphs. In order to verify the effectiveness of the procedure, we implement the Gottesman stabilizer code characterized by multi-qubit encoding operators for the resource-efficient error correction of arbitrary single-qubit errors. Finally, the error-correcting capabilities of the Gottesman eight-qubit quantum stabilizer code is verified in graph-theoretic terms as originally advocated by Schlingemann and Werner.
Search for a signature of Pauli exclusion principle violation by VIP-2
Authors: De Paolis L , Napolitano F , Bartalucci S , Bazzi M , Bertolucci S , Bragadireanu M , Capoccia C , Cargnelli M , Clozza A , Del Grande R , Fiorini C , Guaraldo C , Iliescu M , Laubenstein M , Marton J , Miliucci M , Milotti E , Piscicchia K , Porcelli A , Scordo A , Shi H , Sirghi D L , Sirghi F , Sgaramella F , Zmeskal J , Curceanu C
Published: June 2022

The VIP-2 experiment performs a high sensitivity test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons, and is operated in the ultra-low cosmic background environment of the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratories of INFN. The experimental technique consists in testing the symmetry state of an open, continuously supplied, system of fermions; thus representing the only spin-statistics test which strictly fulfills the Messiah-Greenberg superselection rule. In April 2019, VIP-2 started the ongoing data taking campaign in its final layout, with the goal to improve the previous VIP result of at least two orders of magnitude. Before April 2019, VIP-2 collected, in a partial configuration of the external shielding complex, two sets of data in 2018–2019 for a total duration of about 208 days. We present in this work the results of the analyses of the first two data sets collected by VIP-2, which already improve the VIP result by one order of magnitude. The results are also interpreted in the framework of a diffusion random walk model, which provides a significantly enhanced description of the electrons-atoms close encounters process, and hence a boost on the estimated limit on the Pauli Exclusion Principle violation probability.
First-principles insights into thermoelectric properties of topological nontrivial semimetal LiAuTe material
Authors: Kara Ilham , Meghoufel Zahira Faïza , Menad Abdelkader , Cherifi Fatiha , Boukra AbdelAziz
Published: June 2022

Structural, electronic and thermoelectric properties of LiAuTe ternary compound are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The cubic

α

-phase (space group F

4
¯

3m) is predicted to be ground state structure with a significant energy difference compared to honeycomb structure (space group P63mmc). The mechanical and dynamical stability of the

α

-phase is confirmed by calculating the elastic constants and phonon dispersion frequencies. At equilibrium lattice, with and without spin–orbit coupling, the LiAuTe compound band structure calculations show an s-p band inversion at Γ point, leading to a topological nontrivial semimetal phase. Thermoelectric parameters, such as Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical conductivity (σ), electronic (κ

e
) and lattice (κ

L
) thermal conductivities are computed. Electrons and holes relaxation times (τ) are also predicted. Hence, LiAuTe compound exhibits a low κ

L
value of 1.76 W mK−1 at room temperature which decreases with temperature increasing. At 900 K, κ

L
falls to 0.58 W mK−1 leading to a maximum ZT value of 0.52 at optimized n-doping concentration of 2.5 × 1020 cm−3. The present study reveals that LiAuTe compound is a suitable candidate for thermoelectric applications and will open new horizons for further researches on similar types of topological thermoelectric materials with better ZT.
PT challenge: validation of ShapeFit on large-volume, high-resolution mocks
Authors: Brieden Samuel , Gil-Marín Héctor , Verde Licia
Published: June 2022

The ShapeFit compression method has been shown to be a powerful tool to gain cosmological information from galaxy power spectra in an effective, model-independent way. Here we present its performance on the blind PT challenge mock products presented in [1]. Choosing a set-up similar to that of other participants to the blind challenge we obtained Δln(1010
As
) = -0.018 ± 0.014, ΔΩm = 0.0039 ± 0.0021 and Δh = -0.0009 ± 0.0034, remaining below 2σ deviations for a volume of 566 [h -1Gpc]3. This corresponds to a volume 10 times larger than the volume probed by future galaxy surveys. We also present an analysis of these mocks oriented towards an actual data analysis using the full redshift evolution, using all three redshift bins z
1 = 0.38, z
2 = 0.51, and z
3 = 0.61, and exploring different set-ups to quantify the impact of choices or assumptions on noise, bias, scale range, etc. We find consistency across reasonable changes in set-up and across redshifts and that, as expected, mapping the redshift evolution of clustering helps constraining cosmological parameters within a given model.
Isotropy statistics of CMB hot and cold spots
Authors: Khan Md Ishaque , Saha Rajib
Published: June 2022

Statistical Isotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation has been studied and debated extensively in recent years. Under this assumption, the hot spots and cold spots of the CMB are expected to be uniformly distributed over a 2-sphere. We use the orientation matrix, first proposed by Watson (1965) and Scheidegger (1965) and associated shape and strength parameters (Woodcock, 1977) to analyse whether the hot and cold spots of the observed CMB temperature anisotropy field are uniformly placed. We demonstrate the usefulness of our estimators by using simulated toy models containing non-uniform data. We apply our method on several foreground minimized CMB maps observed by WMAP and Planck over large angular scales. The shape and strength parameters constrain geometric features of possible deviations from uniformity (isotropy) and the power of the anomalous signal. We find that distributions of hot or cold spots in cleaned maps show no unusual signature of clustering or girdling. Instead, we notice a strikingly uniform distribution of hot spots over the full sky. The signal remains robust with respect to the four cleaned maps used and presence or absence of the non-Gaussian cold spot (NGCS). On the partial sky with WMAP KQ75 and Planck U73 masks we find anomalously low strength of non-uniformity for cold spots which is found to be robust with respect to various cleaning methods, masks applied, instruments, frequencies, and the presence or absence of the NGCS. Interestingly we find that the signal of anomalously weak non-uniformity could be due to contributions from the quadrupole and octupole and may be related with the low CMB temperature variance anomaly.
Characteristics of secondary electron emission from few layer graphene on silicon (111) surface
Authors: Feng Guo-Bao , Li Yun , Li Xiao-Jun , Xie Gui-Bai , Liu Lu
Published: June 2022

As a typical two-dimensional (2D) coating material, graphene has been utilized to effectively reduce secondary electron emission from the surface. Nevertheless, the microscopic mechanism and the dominant factor of secondary electron emission suppression remain controversial. Since traditional models rely on the data of experimental bulk properties which are scarcely appropriate to the 2D coating situation, this paper presents the first-principles-based numerical calculations of the electron interaction and emission process for monolayer and multilayer graphene on silicon (111) substrate. By using the anisotropic energy loss for the coating graphene, the electron transport process can be described more realistically. The real physical electron interactions, including the elastic scattering of electron–nucleus, inelastic scattering of the electron–extranuclear electron, and electron–phonon effect, are considered and calculated by using the Monte Carlo method. The energy level transition theory-based first-principles method and the full Penn algorithm are used to calculate the energy loss function during the inelastic scattering. Variations of the energy loss function and interface electron density differences for 1 to 4 layer graphene coating GoSi are calculated, and their inner electron distributions and secondary electron emissions are analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the dominant factor of the inhibiting of secondary electron yield (SEY) of GoSi is to induce the deeper electrons in the internal scattering process. In contrast, a low surface potential barrier due to the positive deviation of electron density difference at monolayer GoSi interface in turn weakens the suppression of secondary electron emission of the graphene layer. Only when the graphene layer number is 3, does the contribution of surface work function to the secondary electron emission suppression appear to be slightly positive.
Spectral fluctuations in the interacting boson model*
Authors: Wu Yu-Qing , Teng Wei , Hou Xiao-Jie , Na Gui-Xiu , Zhang Yu , He Bing-Cheng , Luo Yan-An
Published: June 2022

The energy dependence of the spectral fluctuations in the interacting boson model (IBM) and its connections to the mean-field structures are analyzed by adopting two statistical measures: the nearest neighbor level spacing distribution

measuring the chaoticity (regularity) in energy spectra and the

statistics of Dyson and Metha measuring the spectral rigidity. Specifically, the statistical results as functions of the energy cutoff are determined for different dynamical scenarios, including the U(5)-SU(3) and SU(3)-O(6) transitions as well as those near the AW arc of regularity. We observe that most of the changes in spectral fluctuations are triggered near the stationary points of the classical potential, particularly for cases in the deformed region of the IBM phase diagram. Thus, the results justify the stationary point effects from the perspective of statistics. In addition, the approximate degeneracies in the

spectrum on the AW arc is also revealed from the statistical calculations.
A cryopreservation method for bioengineered 3D cell culture models
Authors: Herrero-Gómez Alba , Azagra Marc , Marco-Rius Irene
Published: June 2022

Technologies to cryogenically preserve (a.k.a. cryopreserve) living tissue, cell lines and primary cells have matured greatly for both clinicians and researchers since their first demonstration in the 1950s and are widely used in storage and transport applications. Currently, however, there remains an absence of viable cryopreservation and thawing methods for bioengineered, three-dimensional (3D) cell models, including patients’ samples. As a first step towards addressing this gap, we demonstrate a viable protocol for spheroid cryopreservation and survival based on a 3D carboxymethyl cellulose scaffold and precise conditions for freezing and thawing. The protocol is tested using hepatocytes, for which the scaffold provides both the 3D structure for cells to self-arrange into spheroids and to support cells during freezing for optimal post-thaw viability. Cell viability after thawing is improved compared to conventional pellet models where cells settle under gravity to form a pseudo-tissue before freezing. The technique may advance cryobiology and other applications that demand high-integrity transport of pre-assembled 3D models (from cell lines and in future cells from patients) between facilities, for example between medical practice, research and testing facilities.
Asymptotic approximations for the phase space Schrödinger equation
Authors: Karageorge Panos D , Makrakis George N
Published: June 2022

We consider semi-classical time evolution for the phase space Schrödinger equation and present two methods of constructing short time asymptotic solutions. The first method consists of constructing a semi-classical phase space propagator in terms of semi-classical Gaussian wave packets on the basis of the anisotropic Gaussian approximation, related to the nearby orbit approximation, which is identified with the phase space representation of the Littlejohn semi-classical propagator. By means of the semi-classical propagator, we derive an asymptotic solution for configuration space WKB initial data. The second method consists of constructing a phase space narrow beam asymptotic solution, following the complex WKB theory developed by Maslov, on the basis of a canonical system in double phase space, analogous to the Berezin–Shubin–Marinov Hamilton–Jacobi and transport equations. We illustrate the methods for sub-quadratic potentials in

R

.
Omnidirectional spin-to-charge conversion in graphene/NbSe2 van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Ingla-Aynés Josep , Groen Inge , Herling Franz , Ontoso Nerea , Safeer C K , de Juan Fernando , Hueso Luis E , Gobbi Marco , Casanova Fèlix
Published: June 2022

The conversion of spin currents polarized in different directions into charge currents is a keystone for novel spintronic devices. Van der Waals heterostructures with tailored symmetry are a very appealing platform for such a goal. Here, by performing nonlocal spin precession experiments, we demonstrate the spin-to-charge conversion (SCC) of spins oriented in all three directions (x, y, and z). By analyzing the magnitude and temperature dependence of the signal in different configurations, we argue that the different SCC components measured are likely due to spin–orbit proximity and broken symmetry at the twisted graphene/NbSe2 interface. Such efficient omnidirectional SCC opens the door to the use of new architectures in spintronic devices, from spin–orbit torques that can switch any magnetization to the magnetic state readout of magnetic elements pointing in any direction.
The annealing microstructural evolution of Al-10Zn alloy prepared by continuous extrusion of mixed heterogeneous elemental powders
Authors: Lin Guojian , Guo Zhengwei , Li Lu , Li Yugeng , Sun Yanhua , Li Yuzhang , Wang Jia
Published: June 2022

Al and Zn powders in the ratio of 9:1 (wt%) were alloyed into rods with a dense structure by using the continuous extrusion technique. To promote metallurgical bonding of heterogeneous elements, the microstructures of these rods with different holding times (1, 3, and 5 min) at the same annealing temperature were investigated. With the increase of annealing time, the microstructure consisted mainly of (α-Al) and (α + η) phases and an (α +η)-rich phase. The solid solubility of Zn into Al also gradually increased. The calculated x-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the lattice parameter of Al decreased to 4.04793 Å after 5 min of annealing, which was decreased by 0.062% compared to the lattice parameter of Al in the powder state. The microscopic stress and dislocation density of Al were increased by 0.27% and 12.52 × 1014 m−2 respectively after extrusion, and the microscopic deformation and dislocation density were decreased to 0.2% and 8.71 × 1014 m−2 respectively after being annealed for 5 min. The dislocation density and lattice distortion after annealing gradually decreased with increasing annealing time, and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the mass percentage of Zn increased with increasing annealing time.
Resilience of U.S. coastal wetlands to accelerating sea level rise
Authors: Buchanan Maya K , Kulp Scott , Strauss Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Coastal wetlands provide a wide array of ecosystem services, valued at trillions of dollars per year globally. Although accelerating sea level rise (SLR) poses the long-term threat of inundation to coastal areas, wetlands may be sustained in two ways: by positive net surface-elevation change (SEC) from sediment and organic matter buildup and by accumulation, or horizontal migration into refugia—low-lying, undeveloped upland areas that become inundated. Using a simple model together with high-resolution elevation data, we provide, across the contiguous United States, analysis of the local effects of SLR, maximum SEC rates, and coastal development on the long-term resilience of coastal wetlands. We find that protecting current refugia is a critical factor for retaining wetlands under accelerating SLR. If refugia are conserved under an optimistic scenario (a high universal maximum SEC rate of 8 mm/yr and low greenhouse gas emissions), wetlands may increase by 25.0% (29.4%–21.5%; 50th, 5th–95th percentiles of SLR) by the end of the century. However, if refugia are developed under a more pessimistic scenario (a moderate universal maximum SEC rate of 3 mm/yr, high greenhouse gas emissions, and projections incorporating high ice-sheet contributions to SLR), wetlands may decrease by −97.0% (−82.3%–99.9%). These median changes in wetland area could result in an annual gain of ∼$222 billion compared to an annual loss of ∼$732 billion in ecosystem services in the US alone. Focusing on key management options for sustaining wetlands, we highlight areas at risk of losing wetlands and identify the benefits possible from conserving refugia or managing SEC rates.
Finite determinacy and approximation of flat maps
Authors: Patel Aftab
Published: June 2022

This paper considers the problems of finite determinacy and approximation of flat analytic maps from germs of real (resp. complex) analytic spaces to

R

m

\mathbb {R}^m

(resp.

C

m

\mathbb {C}^m

). It is shown that the flatness of analytic maps from germs of real (resp. complex) analytic spaces whose local rings are Cohen-Macaulay is finitely determined. Further, it is shown that flat maps from complete intersection (resp. Cohen-Macaulay) analytic germs can be approximated arbitrarily well by polynomial (resp. Nash) maps in such a way that the Hilbert-Samuel function of the special fibre is preserved. It is also proved that in the complex case the preservation of the Hilbert-Samuel function implies the preservation of Whitney’s tangent cone.
Monotonicity of wave profiles for a bistable system on 2-D lattice
Authors: Xu Zhaoquan
Published: June 2022

This paper is concerned with the monotonicity problem of traveling wave solutions for a class of nonlocal bistable system on two-dimensional lattice. We prove that any traveling wave solution, including the standing wave solution (wave speed

c
=
0

c=0

), is strictly monotone increasing for this nonlocal bistable lattice system.
Asexually propagated Agave tequilana var. azul exhibits variation in genetic markers and defence responses to Fusarium solani
Authors: Chávez-Sánchez Cristina , Mancilla-Margalli Norma Alejandra , Montero-Cortés Mayra Itzcalotzin , Gutiérrez-Miceli Federico Antonio , Briceño-Félix Guillermo Ariel , Simpson Williamson June Kilpatrick , Avila-Miranda Martín Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Agave (Agave tequilana var. azul) is considered a crop with low genetic diversity because it has been propagated vegetatively for centuries for commercial purposes, and consequently, it could be equally susceptible to pests and diseases. However, the present study employs plant material derived from field-grown plants exhibiting phenotypic variability in susceptibility to agave wilt. The offshoots from rhizomes of these plants were reproduced in vitro and classified as potentially resistant or susceptible. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis confirmed wide genetic differences among individuals, but these differences were not correlated with the observed phenotypic variability in resistance. Propagated plantlets were inoculated with Fusarium solani in two time-lapse confrontations for 72 h and 30 days. The early biochemical response showed statistically superior levels in the accumulation of shikimic acid, phenolic compounds, and chitinase activity in potentially resistant plantlets. There was an inverse correlation of these early biochemical responses and salicylic acid and the incidence of diseased root cells in isogenic plantlets in the 30-day confrontation with F. solani, suggesting that these activities and accumulation of molecules were primordial in the defence against this pathogen.
ESC Working Group on e-Cardiology Position Paper: accuracy and reliability of electrocardiogram monitoring in the detection of atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke patients
Authors: Dilaveris Polychronis E , Antoniou Christos Konstantinos , Caiani Enrico G , Casado-Arroyo Ruben , Climent Andreu Μ , Cluitmans Matthijs , Cowie Martin R , Doehner Wolfram , Guerra Federico , Jensen Magnus T , Kalarus Zbigniew , Locati Emanuela Teresa , Platonov Pyotr , Simova Iana , Schnabel Renate B , Schuuring Mark J , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Lumens Joost
Published: June 2022

The role of subclinical atrial fibrillation as a cause of cryptogenic stroke is unambiguously established. Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring remains the sole method for determining its presence following a negative initial workup. This position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on e-Cardiology first presents the definition, epidemiology, and clinical impact of cryptogenic ischaemic stroke, as well as its aetiopathogenic association with occult atrial fibrillation. Then, classification methods for ischaemic stroke will be discussed, along with their value in providing meaningful guidance for further diagnostic efforts, given disappointing findings of studies based on the embolic stroke of unknown significance construct. Patient selection criteria for long-term ECG monitoring, crucial for determining pre-test probability of subclinical atrial fibrillation, will also be discussed. Subsequently, the two major classes of long-term ECG monitoring tools (non-invasive and invasive) will be presented, with a discussion of each method’s pitfalls and related algorithms to improve diagnostic yield and accuracy. Although novel mobile health (mHealth) devices, including smartphones and smartwatches, have dramatically increased atrial fibrillation detection post ischaemic stroke, the latest evidence appears to favour implantable cardiac monitors as the modality of choice; however, the answer to whether they should constitute the initial diagnostic choice for all cryptogenic stroke patients remains elusive. Finally, institutional and organizational issues, such as reimbursement, responsibility for patient management, data ownership, and handling will be briefly touched upon, despite the fact that guidance remains scarce and widespread clinical application and experience are the most likely sources for definite answers.
Evolution-proof inhibitors of public good cooperation: a screening strategy inspired by social evolution theory
Authors: Lissens Maries , Joos Mathieu , Lories Bram , Steenackers Hans P
Published: June 2022

Interference with public good cooperation provides a promising novel antimicrobial strategy since social evolution theory predicts that resistant mutants will be counter-selected if they share the public benefits of their resistance with sensitive cells in the population. Although this hypothesis is supported by a limited number of pioneering studies, an extensive body of more fundamental work on social evolution describes a multitude of mechanisms and conditions that can stabilize public behaviour, thus potentially allowing resistant mutants to thrive. In this paper we theorize on how these different mechanisms can influence the evolution of resistance against public good inhibitors. Based hereon, we propose an innovative 5-step screening strategy to identify novel evolution-proof public good inhibitors, which involves a systematic evaluation of the exploitability of public goods under the most relevant experimental conditions, as well as a careful assessment of the most optimal way to interfere with their action. Overall, this opinion paper is aimed to contribute to long-term solutions to fight bacterial infections.