bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racismo científico
Authors: Vale dos Santos Ingrid Daniely
Published: August 2024

O livro "Brasil dos Humilhados", de Jessé Souza, revela as raízes elitistas do pensamento social brasileiro, que atribui ao povo uma suposta inferioridade e propensão à corrupção como causa do descaso social. O autor destaca como as elites econômicas e políticas se apropriam desse conjunto de ideias para fortalecer seu controle sobre a população e maximizar seus lucros. Jessé Souza questiona os fundamentos do pensamento nacional ao enfatizar a presença do "racismo científico", cuja validação é possibilitada pelo confisco da "inteligência brasileira", que serve não à maioria, mas à camada mais rica, representada pelo 1% mais rico da sociedade. Essa distorção argumenta incorretamente que os problemas do Brasil não decorrem da notável concentração de riqueza, mas da "corrupção do Estado", criando uma falsa dualidade entre um Estado vilipendiado e um mercado exaltado. Essa perspectiva estigmatizante e simplificada do povo brasileiro foi moldada pelas ideias dos intelectuais mais proeminentes do país, como Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, e perpetuada ao longo do tempo por outros pensadores importantes, como Raymundo Faoro e Roberto DaMatta, exercendo uma influência substancial sobre a maioria da intelectualidade nacional. Com o respaldo da validação científica, a expressão irônica cunhada por Jessé Souza, o "absurdo da inteligência brasileira", é usada para caracterizar essas interpretações.
Intolerância contra as religiões afro-brasileiras
Authors: Lima Lorran , Caldas Italorran de Oliveira
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo propõe um diálogo, a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar que combina antropologia e direito, em relação à prestação jurisdicional nos casos de intolerância contra as religiões afro-brasileiras, destacando a importância da liberdade religiosa para esses grupos. A pesquisa utiliza revisão bibliográfica e relatos de intolerância, bem como diferentes formas de violências praticadas contra seus templos e fiéis, com o intuito de examinar o desenvolvimento de leis e eficácia da justiça, com vistas a oferecer uma visão teórica, prática e legal em três principais eixos axiais, quais sejam: perquirição histórica e teorética da liberdade religiosa nas constituições brasileiras; descrição e análise comparativa de casos de intolerância em uma perspectiva antropológica; discussão acerca da (in)eficiência do Poder Judiciário em face ao aumento expressivo de violência afro-religiosa. A partir de uma inquirição antropológica e hermenêutico-jurídica dos dispositivos legais, constatou-se que há uma improficuidade judicial nos casos de discriminação contra as religiões afro-brasileiras, que se testifica, mormente, na ausência de mecanismos jurídicos capazes de alterar substancialmente a situação atual. Isto posto, além do retesamento jurídico-legal, deve-se criar mecanismos eficientes de controle por parte da sociedade, a fim de diminuir as assimetrias legislativas.
Trade potential in the agricultural cooperation between Russia and ASEAN countries in conditions of world economic system fragmentation
Authors: Voronova Т. А. , Novikova Е. S.
Published: August 2024

In the article the level of food security of the ASEAN countries and Russia was determined using the Global Food Security Index, on the basis of which an analysis was made of the demand for each of the economies of the Association and the possibilities of trade cooperation with Russia in certain categories of agro-industrial products. Additionally, the article shows the key trading partners of the ASEAN countries in both export and import of agricultural products, and also identifies the position of the Russian economy among the category of so-called “other trading partners”. Based on statistical data, taking into account the current volumes of trade potential of the Russian economy, three categories of ASEAN countries were identified, for each of which a categorical analysis of the demand for agricultural products was carried out and the potential for interaction with Russia was identified.
Dynamics of Biomolecular Ligand Recognition
Authors: Cvijetić Ilija , Petrović Dušan , Zloh Mire
Published: August 2024

Molecular recognition is one of the key principles in the development of
active pharmaceutical compounds. Active molecules that can be delivered in vivo to a
biological target, responsible for pathological states associated with a disease, can be
developed into therapeutic agents. Such molecules must overcome relevant biological
barriers and establish intermolecular interactions with the target in order to modulate its
activity. The drug discovery process entails the identification of potential therapeutic
agents and the design of optimal formulations for targeted or prolonged drug release in
vivo. This requires a balanced and dynamic interplay of interactions between the
therapeutic agent and different molecular systems through diverse environments.
Computational methods, including molecular dynamics simulation, complement
experiments in the evaluation of relevant biochemical processes at different stages of
drug development, e.g., the elucidation of the ligand mode of action. In this chapter, we
will explore the applications of various molecular modeling approaches to evaluate the
key interactions small molecules form with different targets. Molecular docking is the
most common tool used to evaluate the ligand complementarity to the target binding
site. Although the flexible receptor and induced fit approaches provide some additional
insights into how target flexibility affects ligand binding, biomolecules have a large
number of degrees of freedom, often demanding the use of more exhaustive sampling
methods to explore the ligand-binding associated conformational dynamics. This can
be achieved with molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling approaches to model
large conformational changes. In particular, molecular dynamics of protein-ligand
complexes can describe the plasticity of the protein binding sites by identifying
dynamic pharmacophores―dynophores. These pharmacophore models incorporate
information on target flexibility and describe the dynamics of intermolecular
interactions. We will provide a relevant introduction to the above-mentioned
techniques and explore key successful applications in hit discovery and lead
optimization efforts of drug development campaigns.
A Study of Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles using Plant Extracts and their Biological and Environmental Applications
Authors: Miditana Sankara Rao , Korlam Saivenkatesh
Published: August 2024

Nanomaterials (NMs)-based technology is a powerful tool in the current
scenario because of their size and unique physicochemical properties. Green
synthesized NMs are promising in creating new and vital products that are beneficial to
the environment, industry, and humans. Due to its simplicity, nontoxicity, and
environmentally benign advantages, the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) using
green techniques has received a lot of attention recently. Every day, attention is drawn
to recycling waste and putting it to good use. NPs are easily manufactured in a green,
energy-free manner using plant extracts that are not intended for human consumption.
Metal-based NPs are widely used due to their applications, including medicine,
biomedical sciences, biosensing, food, cosmetics, and electronics. NPs produced from
novel synthesis techniques using plant extracts have remarkable qualities. In the
synthesis of NPs via the green approach, many metals such as silver, gold, copper, zinc,
manganese, nickel, and magnesium are used due to their unique physical and optical
properties. In this chapter, the authors have reported the mechanisms of various green
methods of synthesis of NPs, their biological and environmental applications along
with their challenges and prospects.
Current Trends in Green Bioremediation of Environmental Organic Pollutants
Authors: Mitra Amrit K.
Published: August 2024

A biological process termed bioremediation transforms waste into a form
that can be used and reused by other microbes. Recent research has revealed that
xenobiotic pollution and other associated refractory substances pose a serious threat to
both human health and the environment. Many contaminants, including heavy metals,
polychlorinated biphenyls, plastics and different agrochemicals, are prevalent in the
environment because of their toxicity and inability to biodegrade. The key objective of
bioremediation is the degradation of pollutants and their transformation into less
harmful forms. Depending on several variables like cost, kind and concentration of the
contaminant and other considerations, ex-situ or in-situ bioremediation may be used.
Bioremediation can be done with the help of microorganisms that can withstand all
circumstances due to their metabolic potential. Microbes have a tremendous nutritional
capacity, making them useful in the bioremediation of environmental contaminants.
With the complete and coordinated activity of microorganisms, bioremediation is
significantly involved with the decomposition, expulsion, immobility or
decontamination of different chemical pollutants and physically dangerous chemicals
from the natural atmosphere. Enzymatic processes and other techniques, including
bioventing, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biopiles and bioattenuation, are widely
used throughout the world based on their characteristics, benefits and drawbacks. This
chapter aims to portray the current advancements in green bioremediation methods,
how various contaminants are broken down by microorganisms and what the future
holds for bioremediation in terms of lowering global pollution levels.
Green Synthesized Nanoparticles and Different Domains of their Applications
Authors: Kumar Nakul , Kumar Pankaj , Singh Snigdha , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Shah Deepankshi , Tariq Mohd. , Kumar Ramesh , Soni Sunil
Published: August 2024

Science has undergone a revolution with the development of
nanotechnology. The vast applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have greatly helped
every area of technology. Nanomaterials (NMs) can be created via a range of physical
and chemical practices along with the use of ultrasound and microwave heating
processes, but green synthesis has drawn great attention, especially when it involves
the use of microbes or plant extracts. Green synthesis is a recent and advanced method
to make NPs because it is simpler, cheaper, more reproducible and environmentally
friendly than other approaches. When compared to other classical methods of NP
synthesis, plants produce NPs that are more stable and simpler to scale up and have a
variety of applications. This chapter has reviewed and discussed various applications of
green synthesized NPs along with the latest developments in the eco-friendly synthesis
of gold, silver, copper, palladium, iron, and iron oxide NPs. Due to the widespread use
of nanoscale metals in different industries, including engineering, medicine, and the
environment, the topic of nanoscale metal synthesis is currently relevant. The bulk of
nanoscale metals is currently produced chemically, which has unintended effects like
environmental contamination and serious health issues. To overcome these challenges,
green synthesis can be used as a commercial chemical method to decrease metal ions
from the environment. Green synthesis is more advantageous than classical chemical
synthesis because it improves environmental quality and is also safe for human health.
Effectiveness and User Experience of a Smoking Cessation Chatbot: Mixed Methods Study Comparing Motivational Interviewing and Confrontational Counseling
Authors: He Linwei , Basar Erkan , Krahmer Emiel , Wiers Reinout , Antheunis Marjolijn
Published: August 2024

Background

Cigarette smoking poses a major public health risk. Chatbots may serve as an accessible and useful tool to promote cessation due to their high accessibility and potential in facilitating long-term personalized interactions. To increase effectiveness and acceptability, there remains a need to identify and evaluate counseling strategies for these chatbots, an aspect that has not been comprehensively addressed in previous research.

Objective

This study aims to identify effective counseling strategies for such chatbots to support smoking cessation. In addition, we sought to gain insights into smokers’ expectations of and experiences with the chatbot.

Methods

This mixed methods study incorporated a web-based experiment and semistructured interviews. Smokers (N=229) interacted with either a motivational interviewing (MI)–style (n=112, 48.9%) or a confrontational counseling–style (n=117, 51.1%) chatbot. Both cessation-related (ie, intention to quit and self-efficacy) and user experience–related outcomes (ie, engagement, therapeutic alliance, perceived empathy, and interaction satisfaction) were assessed. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 participants, 8 (50%) from each condition, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Results from a multivariate ANOVA showed that participants had a significantly higher overall rating for the MI (vs confrontational counseling) chatbot. Follow-up discriminant analysis revealed that the better perception of the MI chatbot was mostly explained by the user experience–related outcomes, with cessation-related outcomes playing a lesser role. Exploratory analyses indicated that smokers in both conditions reported increased intention to quit and self-efficacy after the chatbot interaction. Interview findings illustrated several constructs (eg, affective attitude and engagement) explaining people’s previous expectations and timely and retrospective experience with the chatbot.

Conclusions

The results confirmed that chatbots are a promising tool in motivating smoking cessation and the use of MI can improve user experience. We did not find extra support for MI to motivate cessation and have discussed possible reasons. Smokers expressed both relational and instrumental needs in the quitting process. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
How Patients Affected by a Severe Mental Health Condition and Health Care Professionals Communicate via a Patient Portal: Qualitative Analysis of Secure Messages (Preprint)
Authors: Meier-Diedrich Eva , Turvey Carolyn , Wördemann Jonas Maximilian , Speck Justin , Weibezahl Mareike , Schwarz Julian
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients’ online access to their medical records and secure messaging (SM) via patient portals are becoming increasingly prevalent on an international scale. SM offers a number of potential benefits, including enhanced health outcomes and improved patient engagement. However, it also raises concerns about effects on the therapeutic relationship and may be constrained by factors such as limited digital literacy and access to digital devices. Evidence on the use of SM in mental health is limited and results are inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE

The present study examines the purpose and usage patterns of the SM function in patient portals used by patients affected by a severe mental health condition and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

METHODS

SMs (n=310) of 38 patients and 4 HCPs from 3 psychiatric outpatient clinics in Brandenburg were analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Four core functions of SM were identified: (1) reporting/feedback, (2) interpersonal, (3) intrapersonal, and (4) organizational functions. Through the reporting and feedback function, SM could convey treatment-relevant information and elicited feedback on treatment and medication. Interpersonal aspects in SM included expressions of gratitude, well wishes, and emotional support, whereas intrapersonal SM components allowed patients to reflect on their treatment and provide self-encouragement. Organizational aspects addressed scheduling, appointments, and administrative tasks.

CONCLUSIONS

SM in psychiatric outpatient care is multifaceted and can potentially enhance therapeutic relationships and accessibility of care, but it requires training, guidelines, and workflow adjustments. Further research is needed to address the ethical, privacy, and practical implications for effective implementation.

CLINICALTRIAL

The study has been registered with the German Clinical Trials Registry (No. DRKS00030188).
PACS2go: Towards a Portable Research PACS for Interdisciplinary Collaboration (Preprint)
Authors: Krafft Tamara , Hartmann Dennis , Kramer Frank , Müller Dominik
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Efficient data exchange and management are crucial for interdisciplinary research settings, particularly in medical research, where diverse imaging modalities, file formats, and data sizes are ever-present. However, established data collaboration platforms that fully satisfy the research community's diverse demands are scarce. Thus, we introduce our publicly available and portable PACS2go: a research Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). The platform enables researchers to store, view, and exchange medical imaging data formats, such as DICOM and NIfTI, and facilitates metadata integration to increase the data's utility for research. With its intrinsic usability and effective data and metadata management, PACS2go pushes forward in supporting collaborative interdisciplinary research efforts. PACS2go is available on GitHub: https://github.com/frankkramer-lab/pacs2go.
Correction: The Effect of an mHealth Self-Monitoring Intervention (MI-BP) on Blood Pressure Among Black Individuals With Uncontrolled Hypertension: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Buis Lorraine R , Kim Junhan , Sen Ananda , Chen Dongru , Dawood Katee , Kadri Reema , Muladore Rachelle , Plegue Melissa , Richardson Caroline R , Djuric Zora , McNaughton Candace , Hutton David , Robert Lionel P , Park Sun Young , Levy Phillip
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Assessment of Online Availability of Diamond Shruumz Before and After FDA Recall Initiation: Qualitative Assessment and Simulated Test Purchasing (Preprint)
Authors: Mackey Tim , Nali Matthew , Larsen Meng Zhen , Li Zhuoran , Li Jiawei , Yang Joshua
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Recent reports of hospitalization associated with Diamond Shruumz products, a mushroom-containing product, has led to a manufacturer’s recall that restricts the sale, distribution, and accessibility of this new and emerging psychoactive product. This study sought to assess the continuing online availability of this product in a diverse e-commerce landscape.

OBJECTIVE

Identify and characterize online availability of mushroom-containing edible product pre and post recall initiation.

METHODS

Retrospective online market surveillance of Diamond Shruumz products using structured and automated search queries were employed to identify online product marketing and availability. Online surveillance included multiple social media platforms, cannabis e-commerce websites, and search engine queries between June 22 – June 27, 2024, immediately preceding the manufacturer-initiated recall. Post-recall simulated purchases were then conducted on July 12, 2024 on platforms, websites and domains identified as continuing to actively market and sell through online product listings.

RESULTS

Prior to product recall, a total of 4,117 product listings across 1,600 (38.86%) social media posts and user-generated comments, 11 (0.27%) shops across cannabis e-commerce websites, and 2,509 (60.94%) hyperlinks from internet search queries were generated for further content analysis. Review of online sources revealed 49 social media posts, 8 e-commerce shops and 67 domains that were identified as marketing and selling products pre-recall. Post-recall, we identified 45 (67.16%) remaining domains that continued to market the product from these sources. Simulated purchases revealed that 15 (33.33%) domains successfully transacted test purchases and 30 (66.66%) transactions failed because of account verification or payment failure.

CONCLUSIONS

The Diamond Shruumz recall represents the ongoing challenge of unknown consumer harm associated with new and emerging substances, especially as these products appeal to younger audiences with a variety of edible flavored products. While a recall has been initiated and product was to be made unavailable, our study found that online vendors continue to market and sell Diamond Shrummz products, indicating that implementation and enforcement are ongoing challenges to effectuate a recall in a diverse e-commerce landscape of new and novel psychoactive substances.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Is short video platform a high-quality source of information on Arthrochondral Injury?: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mainland China (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Chang , Chen Ge , Yin Yiran , Wang Fuyou
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Information about orthopedic diseases on the Internet has not been extensively evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

Our purpose was to collect and evaluate online information on arthrochondral injury on the current video-sharing platforms in mainland China.

METHODS

Four independent researchers used the Microsoft Edge web browser in July 2024. Information and data of those videos were recorded and a descriptive analysis was performed.

RESULTS

After data extraction, Ninety-nine videos (48 on TikTok and 51 on Bilibili) involved in the search results met the criteria. Most of the videos were low quality. The most common uploader profile was orthopedic surgeons. The most common content in the videos were introduction, while surgical techniques had the least results. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 34.4, 2.8, and 2.9, respectively. Higher quality videos had longer duration and better reliability scores.

CONCLUSIONS

The videos on TikTok and Bilibili, although abundant, are extremely lacking in comprehensiveness and professionalism. Those videos can be effective in increasing public awareness of arthrochondral injury. The lower proportion of expertise and poor quality may make the videos insufficient in medical education. The quality of videos uploaded by orthopedic surgeons is not superior to that of other creators. In the future, more orthopedic surgeons need to participate in online video creation while addressing the issues of poor quality and popularity.
Applying a Human-Centered Innovation Biodesign Framework in the Development and Piloting of a Program to Mitigate Cognitive Decline Among Historically Underrepresented Patients (Preprint)
Authors: Lassell Rebecca , Metaxas Adamantia , Wang Katherine , Hantgan Sara , Gottipati Prabhat , Zwerling Sarah , Pena Triana , Pollak Chava , Jariwala Sunit
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Roughly 40% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD related dementias (ADRD) and up to 20% of AD/ADRD deaths are preventable by addressing modifiable risk factors like physical inactivity. Past programs and technologies to promote and measure physical activity often overlook the voices of the end-user in minoritized groups living with AD/ADRD, or memory challenges.

OBJECTIVE

We apply a human-centered design framework as a call to action to address these gaps and provide a use case.

METHODS

We applied a human-centered design based on our published Innovation Biodesign framework, to identify clinical needs and map solutions, including gaps in the design and usability testing of technology to measure and monitor physical activity in dementia care. We illustrated the implementation of the framework utilizing a needs assessment and secondary data from the co-design process of a Green Activity Program that tailors nature or “green” activities to improve well-being measuring sleep, activity, and heart rate using the ActiGraph LEAP activity tracker. The program was designed in collaboration with multiple partners, including Hispanic/Latino individuals living with memory challenges in the Bronx, New York.

RESULTS

The framework involved problem and solution spaces with an iterative refinement process and highlighted a need to utilize human-centered approaches to select, monitor, and assess desired outcomes of well-being, activity, and sleep for Hispanic/Latino people living with memory challenges. The framework enabled us to conduct a needs assessment and an iterative co-design process to design the program and a future pilot study utilizing the ActiGraph LEAP.

CONCLUSIONS

The framework empowered us to identify and characterize a clinical problem and gaps in the use of technology to measure and monitor physical activity and advance towards a solution space when designing the Green Activity Program to address the unique social needs of older Hispanic/Latino people living with memory challenges. Application of the framework serves as a call to action to apply human-centered approaches to address the clinical needs of minoritized groups with memory challenges.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06403345.
Exploring the barriers to online based training program for mental health in Bangladesh and approaches to overcome the barriers:A Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rashid Soron Tanjir , Parveen Shahana , Huq Nafisa , Afrooz Chowdhury Chaman
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Technology has transformed the access to information and our learning landscape. During the COVID-19 crisis the accessible and affordable information with appropriate use of technology for healthcare became critical to train health professionals and fight with misinformation. This online based training is gaining increased attention during the last couple of decades both in developed and developing country. The mobile and internet coverage and speed of the internet has significantly improved, and this network coverage opens the opportunity to use the online based training programs for the huge grass root health care service providers. Though the health care providers receive some sort of training specifically for maternal and child health, contraceptives and other common physical illness, they hardly have any opportunity to receive the mental health training. Online based mental health training program for the community health care provider and volunteers can be good option for Bangladesh to reduce its’ wide mental health treatment gap.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to find out the potential barrier of the online based mental health trainings for the volunteers who are working in the community to promote mental health and well-being and reduce the mental health stigma in Bangladesh. We also attempted to find out the approaches those might minimize the barriers. The findings of this study will help to develop a realistic expectation and also will provide the insight to predict and prepare to mitigate the challenges of the training implementation.

METHODS

To understand the complexity of the online based training for mental health we conducted two batches of training with the students who are the mental health volunteers working in the community. We conducted Focus Group Discussions at the end of the 3 days long training of each batch and In-depth Interviews were conducted with also the trainers to find out the barriers of these online training program. The interviews were conducted in Bangla those were recorded transcribed, translated and thematically analyzed.

RESULTS

We found the most common barriers to online mental health training was the lack of physical presence, technical issues (e.g., network disturbances, device integration problems), cost of internet, electricity issues, and privacy concern. Moreover, participants reported physical strain of siting in front of desktop and laptop for the training and many of them were concerned about the about privacy breaches, accidental content sharing, and maintaining constant vigilance online.

CONCLUSIONS

The online based training opened the window to help millions of people at a time however we to be careful about the barriers those threatens the successful implementation of this programs.
Gender Differences in Citation Rate
Authors: Soomro Qandeel H. , Li Shuojohn , McCarthy Angela , Varela Dalila , Ways Javaughn , Charytan Amalya M. , Keane Colin , Ramos Giana , Nicholson Joey , Charytan David M.
Published: August 2024

Key Points

Among the studies included, women were first authors of minority of the publications, and this trend persisted over the 20 years.

Crude citation rates were lower in papers with female first authors; the gender of the author was not independently associated with citation metrics.

Background

Historically, women's scientific contributions have been under-recognized. We investigated whether the number of citations, a key metric used for academic promotions and scientific productivity, differs in nephrology high-impact publications on the basis of author's gender.

Methods

We identified randomized clinical trials from 2000 to 2021 in ten high-impact journals. We assessed author gender, citations, h-index, m-index, years of active publishing, education, and grant funding. The main predictor of interest was the gender of the first author. The main outcome was the standardized citation count for analysis of the selected publications. In addition, we evaluated standardized author citation counts using the author, rather than the article.

Results

Among the selected publications, women were first authors of 65 (17.1%) and men of 315 (82.9%) articles. In crude analyses, publications with male first authors had a significantly higher median number of standardized citations (14 versus 10, P = 0.01). Adjusted analyses revealed m-index (β=29.48, P ≤ 0.01) and journal impact factor (β=0.78, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the standardized citation index. By contrast, neither the gender of the first author (β
male gender=1.42, P = 0.71) nor of the last author (β
male gender=8.89, P = 0.38) were significantly associated with the standardized citations. Similarly, in adjusted analyses on the basis of author profiles, male authorship was not significantly associated with the standardized author citation number (β
male gender=−7.79, P = 0.08).

Conclusions

Our study highlights marked disparities in the overall number of women publishing high-impact nephrology trials and the number of articles with female scientists as first authors of high-impact trials in the nephrology literature. Although crude citation rates were lower in articles with female first authors, the gender of the first author was not independently associated with citation metrics. Addressing gender disparities in academic recognition requires nuanced approaches extending beyond authorship and a broader focus on complex factors that influence academic recognition and scientific contributions.
New data about a Kimmeridgian larger foraminiferal assemblage from a section cropping out NW of Los Reyes Metzontla, Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Omaña Lourdes , Hernández-Láscares Delfino , Buitrón Blanca Estela , Nuñez-Useche Fernando
Published: August 2024

Northwest of Los Reyes Metzontla, Puebla, a rock succession outcrops that is composed of limestone and sandstone that contain larger foraminifera as well as bivalves such as Trichites sp., corals, and stromatoporid Cladoropsis mirabilis.  From the beds with Trichites, we found an assemblage of larger foraminifera that is composed of the species Pseudospirocyclina mauretanica, Choffatella tingitana, Pseudocyclammina lituus, Everticyclammina virguliana, E. praekelleri, Rectocyclammina chouberti, Mesoendothyra croatica, Nautiloculina oolitica, Siphovalvulina variabilis, and Coscinoconus alpina. In the present work, this association was dated as Kimmeridgian age (Late Jurassic) and represents an important record, since rocks of this age have not previously been reported in this area. The larger benthic foraminifera identified in the studied material inhabited the shallow-water environments which were widely distributed around the Tethys during the Late Jurassic.
Productores periurbanos y redes alimentarias alternativas. Respuestas y adaptaciones en tiempos de pandemia. El caso de Ciudad de México
Authors: Torres Salcido Jesús Gerardo , Monachon David Sébastien
Published: August 2024

La pandemia desatada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha replanteado nuestras concepciones sobre la alimentación y la relación con la naturaleza. Los procesos de producción, acopio y distribución, así como la elaboración de la comida, ingesta y asimilación de los nutrientes, corresponden a formas sustantivas de relación social. Como entes sociales consumimos no sólo nutrimentos, sino, ante todo, incorporamos a nuestro cuerpo las relaciones humanas que han intervenido en la transformación del producto, la cultura y los símbolos que nos identifican con otros seres humanos o que nos diferencian de ellos. Este artículo se divide en cinco partes, además de esta introducción. El segundo apartado aborda las características de los Sial; la tercera parte, ubica el papel de las relaciones de proximidad geográfica e institucional; en la sección cuatro, se plantea la cuestión del método; en la parte cinco se abordan los resultados de la investigación: se describen las características de los productores, las formas de valoración de la agrobiodiversidad y se analiza la reacción y adaptación de los productores ante la pandemia del año 2020. Queda pendiente, sin embargo, el cómo hacer accesibles a toda la población alimentos cercanos, nutritivos y de calidad, de lo que nos ocuparemos en la sección final dedicada a las conclusiones.
“Una cuestionable enfermedad” y su impacto económico y cultural en la Huasteca Potosina
Authors: Contreras Vargas Jessica Itzel , Pérez Castro Ana Bella
Published: August 2024

La interconexión del mundo es un referente para hablar de la globalización, pero también lo es para dar cuenta de la manera en la que un virus que fue localizado en una pequeña población en China se fue expandiendo para convertirse en una pandemia que penetró en todos los rincones de la urbe y que, a dos años de su propagación, ha tenido un fuerte impacto en la vida económica, social y cultural de los pueblos indígenas en México. El virus también ha provocado una crisis social, individual y estructural porque muestra el estado en el que se encuentran los servicios de atención pública en diferentes países, México entre éstos, deja ver la dificultad que tienen las naciones y el capital para cuidar las vidas que cotidianamente explota; además evidencia la desigualdad, la vulnerabilidad y la violencia social sobre las que funciona nuestra normalidad. La pandemia es, entonces, no sólo un problema biológico, sino también sociocultural. Con base en lo expuesto a nivel general, pasamos entonces a plantear lo que sucede en poblaciones de la Huasteca potosina, donde pretendemos dar cuenta de los efectos de una crisis sanitaria que han trastocado de manera innegable a sus habitantes, tanto a nivel sociocultural, como económico. En efecto, afecta a nivel productivo. se presenta la percepción social de la enfermedad COVID-19 y las respuestas sociales, económicas y culturales de pobladores nahuas y teneek de la Huasteca potosina, quienes, ante el virus, reconocido o no, han tenido pérdidas, temor e incertidumbre. De este modo, nos sumamos a la tarea de dar a conocer aspectos fundamentales de la cultura en el marco de la pandemia entre los pueblos indígenas de la Huasteca. El trabajo presenta los siguientes objetivos: a) Dar cuenta de las concepciones que giran alrededor del territorio huasteco con la finalidad de mostrar que un virus como el sars-CoV-2 está fuera de la lógica de su cosmovisión. b) Mostrar la vulnerabilidad de la región Huasteca potosina. c) Ejemplificar el impacto que a nivel económico ha tenido la pandemia. d) Dar a conocer la significación de un virus que tomó forma a través de la desconfianza, el desempleo, los rumores, el miedo. El impacto que ha tenido el COVID en la vida cultural y social de las dichas poblaciones. El texto se divide en cuatro apartados que muestran las condiciones en las que vive la población, las experiencias y opiniones de los habitantes a partir de la detección de los primeros contagios en sus comunidades. Así como reflexiones propias y notas que expresan emociones, contradicciones y necesidades de las comunidades.
Hogares rurales y estrategias adaptativas frente al COVID-19. Reflexiones desde la región noroeste del Estado de México
Authors: Martínez Borrego Alma Estela , Vallejo Román Janett , Hernández Lara Itzel
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general analizar las repercusiones que se presentaron por el cierre de las actividades económicas llevadas a cabo en el marco de la contingencia sanitaria, en los hogares rurales de la región Ixtlahuaca-Atlacomulco, situada al noroeste del Estado de México. Ello, debido a la pandemia presentada a nivel global por el virus sars-CoV-2 que provoca la enfermedad denominada COVID-19. Al igual que sucedió a lo largo y ancho del país, se trata de una región que ha sido trastocada por las políticas neoliberales puestas en práctica por los gobiernos anteriores, que respondieron más a los intereses de una economía globalizada y de un “régimen alimentario mundial corporativo” (Mc Michael, 2015), que al interés nacional y de la mayoría de los productores. Éstas modificaron el espacio económico y social, provocaron un desplazamiento de las actividades agrícolas tradicionales, el incremento en las actividades industriales, comerciales y de servicios, así como una mayor movilidad poblacional, tanto internacional como intra e interregional. Consideramos que nuestro análisis aporta elementos diferentes a los ya señalados por los autores mencionados, ya que, por una parte, abordamos la pluriactividad y la diversificación desde el estudio del sistema productivo agrícola regional y, por otra, analizamos la movilidad laboral como un proceso articulado, al abordar la complejidad y diversidad de los desplazamientos laborales en la región como un elemento propio de las transformaciones experimentadas por las comunidades rurales en el contexto de la globalización. se exponen las principales repercusiones que tuvo el cierre de diversas actividades económicas por la contingencia sanitaria en las estrategias adaptativas de los hogares de las localidades donde se realizó el trabajo de campo Como se explicará, destaca la vulnerabilidad de estos hogares ante crisis y situaciones de contingencia, así como, la necesidad continua de llevar a cabo estrategias adaptativas y cómo éstas se vuelven diversas y de mayor recurrencia ante la situación de pandemia. Finalmente, se presentan algunas consideraciones sobre el papel de las redes familiares y comunitarias para sobrellevar la crisis y las afectaciones económicas en los hogares.
¡Y dejaron de venir! Incertidumbre, desigualdad y vulnerabilidad de los sistemas agroalimentarios frente al COVID-19 en Yucatán
Authors: Lazos Chavero Elena , Rivera Núñez Tlacaelel Aarón
Published: August 2024

En este capítulo, analizamos el papel que la incertidumbre y la desigualdad social han desempeñado en los efectos diferenciados que ha provocado la pandemia de COVID-19 entre agricultores comerciales del sur de Yucatán con el fin de proyectar algunas directrices políticas para reducir los riesgos y la capacidad de afrontamiento entre este tipo de agricultores, en lo particular, y en los sistemas agroalimentarios en lo general. La agricultura campesina se ha caracterizado por su relativa capacidad de recuperación ante crisis recursivas y acopladas. Amenazas como huracanes, sequías prolongadas o la reciente pandemia de COVID-19 han provocado una desestructuración diferenciada según las condiciones específicas (económicas, sociales, agrarias, ambientales, culturales) de las familias y de las comunidades, de las que han podido recuperarse paulatinamente, a medida que mejoran las condiciones de mercado o reciben apoyo agrícola focalizado (Lazos et al., en dictamen). Sin embargo, la vulnerabilidad estructural acumulada puede generar, frente a estas crisis, un desmantelamiento de la agricultura campesina a través de la migración permanente o por una descapitalización total que incluso orille a las familias campesinas no sólo a la venta de maquinaria o de ganado, sino, lo más preocupante, de sus tierras (Lazos et al., 2022). Por ello, si se quiere fortalecer la agricultura campesina o recampesinizar el campo, como plantean varios autores (Bello, 2020; Ploeg, 2020; Bartra, 2020; Gliessman, 2021; Bada y Fox, 2021: 30-34; Contreras, 2021), se tendrían que concretar políticas que permitan a las familias agriculturas campesinas enfrentar condiciones de riesgo, incertidumbre y vulnerabilidad estructurales, pues los efectos de una crisis como la pandemia de COVID-19 recaen total y abruptamente en las familias, provocando su empobrecimiento, la pérdida de bienestar, su precarización e incluso poniendo en riesgo su persistencia como agricultores. En cambio, los grandes imperios alimentarios que se fundan en redes encadenadas con interdependencia transnacional, acuerdos comerciales facilitados por los Estados nacionales y modernidad entrelazada, dominan el aprovisionamiento de los insumos para la producción, la tecnología del procesamiento de alimentos, los sistemas de transporte para la distribución, las cadenas de supermercados y restaurantes para los consumidores (Therborn, 2003; Bartra, 2006; Ploeg, 2020; Belik, 2020). Nuestra investigación, llevada a cabo en el sur de Yucatán con agricultores mayas, ilustra cómo se reproducen algunas de estas paradojas en una región campesina. Enfocaremos el impacto provocado por la pandemia entre agricultores comerciales de pequeña y mediana escala y las respuestas dadas con el fin de resistir mínimamente, a pesar de que la gran mayoría no contó con apoyo gubernamental ni de la sociedad civil realmente a la altura de la profunda situación de crisis.
El control de convencionalidad y el juicio de amparo para la garantía de los derechos humanos de las niñas, niños y adolescentes en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Franco Martín del Campo María Elisa
Published: August 2024

El 11 de marzo del 2020 la OMS declaró al COVID-19 como pandemia. La emergencia sanitaria ha generado un contexto de enorme peligro para la garantía efectiva de los derechos humanos, de manera muy evidente para el derecho a la salud, pero también para derechos como la educación, la vivienda, los derechos laborales, el derecho humano de las mujeres a una vida libre de violencia y los derechos de la infancia, por mencionar algunos. La pandemia ha agudizado una desigualdad dolorosa y profundamente arraigada en nuestra región,1 por lo que es urgente que los Estados utilicen todos los mecanismos necesarios para garantizar de manera efectiva los derechos humanos, teniendo como principio rector el de igualdad y no discriminación. El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar la aplicación del control de convencionalidad en el juicio de amparo como una garantía de los derechos humanos de (NNA) en el contexto de la emergencia sanitaria, específicamente sobre el acceso a las vacunas para prevenir el COVID-19. el capítulo se estructura en tres apartados: primero se presenta un breve desarrollo teórico sobre el control de convencionalidad que ofrece a la persona lectora elementos claves sobre el concepto, así como su recepción en el juicio de amparo mexicano; después se sistematizan los principales estándares internacionales desarrollados sobre los derechos humanos de NNA en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, en este apartado se abordan tanto el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos (Sistema Interamericano o SIDH) como el Sistema Universal de Derechos Humanos (Sistema Universal, Sistema de Naciones Unidas o SUDH). Finalmente, se presenta un análisis sobre el juicio de amparo y el acceso para NNA a la vacuna para prevenir el covid-19, en este acápite se presenta una mirada panorámica del tema en tribunales y juzgados de amparo, así como el análisis de sentencias que ilustran la importancia del control de convencionalidad para la garantía de los derechos humanos en el juicio de amparo.
La capacidad de resiliencia de la democracia mexicana ante la pandemia
Authors: Freidenberg Andrés Flavia Daniela
Published: August 2024

La celebración de las elecciones es la condición sine qua non de la existencia de un régimen democrático (Schattschneider, 1964), por lo que la rutinización de estos procesos es fundamental para la supervivencia de este sistema político. Esta idea tan sencilla e importante fue cuestionada en algún momento por algunos gobernantes, actores políticos y sectores de la ciudadanía en el marco de la gestión de la pandemia del sars-cov-2 (COVID-19) que ha vivido el mundo en los dos últimos años. La crisis sanitaria golpeó a las democracias latinoamericanas en momentos donde éstas ya estaban golpeadas, debido a la preexistencia de condiciones estructurales como la desigualdad, la inequidad, la desconfianza y la corrupción, pero también han supuesto una oportunidad para dar cuenta de la “capacidad de resiliencia” de los sistemas políticos, es decir, de la “habilidad de evitar una regresión sustancial en la calidad de las instituciones y prácticas democráticas” (Boese et al., 2021). El objetivo de esta investigación es describir y analizar los desafíos, las decisiones y los aprendizajes que enfrentaron las autoridades electorales, los actores críticos y la ciudadanía para celebrar las elecciones mexicanas de 2020-2021. Se trata de un estudio de caso en profundidad para evaluar la capacidad de resiliencia de la democracia en relación con los desafíos que supuso organizar elecciones en medio de una pandemia. A partir de información original recogida en una serie de bases de datos construidas para el Observatorio de Reformas Políticas de América Latina (#ObservatorioReformas); de las declaraciones de actores críticos en el Ciclo de Diálogos “Democracia y Elecciones en tiempos de pandemia”8 y del Monitoreo de Elecciones realizado de dicho proceso por el equipo del Observatorio, se responden a una serie de preguntas empírico-descriptivas respecto a cuáles han sido los problemas y dilemas que debieron enfrentar el órgano electoral administrativo (el INE), los partidos y la ciudadanía para poder celebrar estas elecciones en medio de una pandemia; cuáles son las decisiones y estrategias desarrolladas para hacer frente a dichos dilemas y los aprendizajes que surgieron buscando garantizar el derecho a elegir mientras se protegía la salud de las personas en condiciones de integridad electoral.