bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surprisingly inflexible: Statistically learned suppression of distractors generalizes across contexts
Authors: de Waard Jasper , Bogaerts Louisa , van Moorselaar Dirk , Theeuwes Jan
Published: December 2021

The present study investigates the flexibility of statistically learned distractor suppression between different contexts. Participants performed the additional singleton task searching for a unique shape, while ignoring a uniquely colored distractor. Crucially, we created two contexts within the experiments, and each context was assigned its own high-probability distractor location, so that the location where the distractor was most likely to appear depended on the context. Experiment 1 signified context through the color of the background. In Experiment 2, we aimed to more strongly differentiate between the contexts using an auditory or visual cue to indicate the upcoming context. In Experiment 3, context determined the appropriate response ensuring that participants engaged the context in order to be able to perform the task. Across all experiments, participants learned to suppress both high-probability locations, even if they were not aware of these spatial regularities. However, these suppression effects occurred independent of context, as the pattern of suppression reflected a de-prioritization of both high-probability locations which did not change with the context. We employed Bayesian analyses to statistically quantify the absence of context-dependent suppression effects. We conclude that statistically learned distractor suppression is robust and generalizes across contexts.
Shipboard tests of tribochemical lubrication mode
Authors: Nechaev Evgeniy
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the tests of the main marine engine 8CHRN 32/48 (8NVD-48A-2U) SRT "Captain Rogozin" of the Murmansk SPCRK, operated in the tribochemical lubrication mode in the Barents Sea. The satisfactory condition of the cylinder-piston group parts is shown. Analysis of changes in the physical-chemical parameters of engine oil showed that the tribochemical lubrication mode with the TVM-S device stabilizes the physical-chemical properties of the oil when refilling fresh oil "on the fumes" and ensures continuous operation (up to 10 thousand hours) in a long-term mode equal to two of its resources.
INDICATORS OF SA-19 “GRISON” ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUN MISSILE SYSTEM EFFICIENCY WHEN FIRING AT NONTYPICAL TARGETS OF THE ROCKET AND ARTILLERY WEAPONS
Authors: Lytovchenko D. , Kutsenko V.
Published: December 2021

In modern conditions of combat use the SA-19 “Grison” anti-aircraft gun missile system fires at small targets (drones) and typical targets (helicopters and attack aircraft), so a number of problems arise. In particular, they include: finding the value of the probabilities of hitting the target with n shots and one shot; assessing the effectiveness of the SA-19 “Grison” platoon‟s concentrated fire on a single target; estimating errors of missile guidance and warhead detonation system; estimating the values of conditional probabilities of hitting a target with a single missile, depending on the value of particular mishit.

When calculating the slant range to the far edge of the SA-19 “Grison” weapon's kill zone under different conditions of use, factors that reduce these ranges should be taken into account.

An analysis of the main studies and publications presented in [1-9] does not make it possible to determine the performance of missile and artillery weapons in shooting at small-size targets. This literature provides general approaches to solving this problem.

The purpose of this article is to develop a model for calculating the values of conditional probabilities of destruction of small targets, to form the best options for repelling an enemy‟s air strike, as well as to justify the general directions of improvement of weapon‟s elements.
Analysis of the electric power potential as illustrated by the UES of Russia
Authors: Trufanov V.V. , Drachev P.S. , Khanaev V.V.
Published: December 2021

he paper presents an analysis of the current state of the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia, which aims to identify "weak points," regional shortage and excess energy systems, locations of the electricity consumption growth, and seeks to determine the technical potential of the power grid for electricity transmission. This analysis relies on the models developed for optimization in terms of the maximum excess capacity for the entire Unified Energy System of Russia and for individual regions of the country in the context of the existing mix of generating capacity and cross-regional structure of the power grid. Calculations were made for the conditions corresponding to the reported performance of the Unified Energy System of Russia in 2020. The cross-regional power grid of the Unified Energy System of Russia is capable of covering the capacity needs of all the country's power systems, and almost everywhere has a significant available transfer capability of power transmission lines.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Air-Blown Staged Gasification of Coal in a Flow
Authors: Svishchev D.
Published: December 2021

One of the ways to environmentally friendly use coal is an integrated gasification combined cycle. The most common oxidizing agent employed in gasification is oxygen. It is feasible to use air instead of oxygen to reduce the cost of generated electricity. The air gasification downsides can be reduced by using heated air and organizing a staged process. The paper is concerned with a thermodynamic analysis of the MHPS (Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems) air-blown staged gasifier. The analysis relies on an original approach that suggests investigating experimental data on a set of calculated ones. The experimental run nears the thermodynamic optimum, which coincides with the carbon boundary line. Cold gas efficiency can be increased from 78.6 to 81.5% by reducing the equivalence ratio. Thus, the temperature will decrease from 1 200 to 1 100 °C. The experimental run of the MHPS gasifier is not optimal thermodynamically, but it is probably optimal kinetically. The fact is that the rates of heterophase reactions decline near the carbon boundary, which leads to a sharp increase in fuel underburning and a decrease in efficiency. The experimental run is also located close to the region with the maximum thermal efficiency of the process, which is indicative of the high efficiency of converting air heat into chemical energy of producer gas.
Why IEEE Xplore Matters for Research Trend Analysis in the Energy Sector
Authors: Chigarev B.
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to briefly compare and analyze the results of queries to IEEE Xplore and the leading abstract databases Scopus and Web of Science to identify research trends. Some errors were revealed in the Author Keywords in Web of Science. Therefore, a more detailed analysis that involved comparing various types of key terms was made only for IEEE Xplore and Scopus platforms. The study employed IEEE Access journal metadata as indexed on both platforms. Sample matching for IEEE Xplore and Scopus was achieved by comparing DOI. The IEEE Xplore metadata contains more key term types, which provides an advantage in analyzing research trends. Using NSPEC Controlled Terms from expert-compiled vocabulary provides more stable data, which gives an advantage when considering the change of terms over time. Apriori, an algorithm for finding association rules, was used to compare the co-occurrence of the terms for a more detailed description of sample subjects on both platforms. VOSviewer was used to analyze trends in scientific research based on IEEE Xplore data. The 2011-2021 ten-year period was divided into two sub-intervals for comparing the occurrence of Author Keywords, IEEE Terms, and NSPEC Controlled Terms. Bibliometric data of the IEEE conference proceedings was used to illustrate the importance of context in estimating the growth rate of publishing activity on a topic of interest.
New Opportunities for the Development of Corporate Governance in Power Generating Companies for the Benefit of Investors
Authors: Sheveleva G.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents an analysis of the central metrics of corporate governance in wholesale and territorial generating companies of the electric power industry that concern ownership structure and compliance of the companies with the principles of the Corporate Governance Code based on their performance results of 2018 - 2019. An increase in ownership concentration and the presence of the state in the competitive segment of the electric power industry is noted. This study has identified the least met criteria for evaluating compliance with the principles of the Corporate Governance Code. The possibilities of developing corporate governance for the benefit of investors are elucidated. These are tightening control over the observance of international "soft law" ("comply or explain"); expanding the criteria for evaluating compliance with the principles of the Corporate Governance Code that are recommended by the Bank of Russia; updating the Corporate Governance Code based on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) transformation. A new form of oversight over compliance with the Corporate Code principles and criteria for evaluating the adherence to the ESG principles are proposed.
MOTIVASI PEMBERIAN DAN PEMILIHAN MP-ASI YANG TEPAT PADA BAYI 6-24 BULAN DI KOTA PEKALONGAN
Authors: Moviana Radiati , Munawaroh Siti
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the motivation for breastfeeding and the practice of choosing complementary feeding  for children 6-24 months. The design of this research is a cross sectional study conducted in three posyandu in Pekalongan City from July to August 2021. The respondents were 42 mothers with children 6-24 months. The results showed that 71.43% of mothers had good motivation to give complementary feeding and the practice of choosing complementary feeding in more than half of the mothers was good (59,52%). There is a significant relationship between the motivation of giving omplementary feeding to mothers with the practice of choosing complementary feeding for mothers (p<0,05), but there is no significant relationship between education and income of the mother's family with the  choosing complementary feeding practices on mothers (p>0,05).
William of Newburgh: The History of English Affairs
Authors: Walsh P. G. , Kennedy M. J.
Published: December 2021

The History of English Affairs, covering the years 1066-1197, was written at the close of the twelfth century and has been described as being “both in substance and in form... the finest historical work left to us by an Englishman of the twelfth century” (The Dictionary of National Biography). The author's critical ability, gifts of acute observation, clear judgment and tolerant impartiality justify his high reputation as an original authority. Book Two covers the years 1154–75, and incorporates the murder of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral, the capture of the King of Scots at Alnwick, and the first subjugation of Ireland by the English. It also documents the career of Nicholas Breakspear, the only Englishman to become Pope.
Sophocles: Selected Fragmentary Plays
Authors: Fitzpatrick David , Talboy Thomas , Sommerstein Alan H.
Published: December 2021

The Athenian tragic dramatist Sophocles wrote over 120 plays in his sixty-year career, of which only seven have survived complete. This volume presents what is known, or can be inferred or conjectured, about half a dozen plays known to us only from quotations, indirect references, and occasionally a papyrus. The selection includes four plays about the Trojan War and its aftermath, all concerned with Achilles or his son Neoptolemus (The Diners, Troilus, Polyxene, and Hermione), and two presenting episodes from Athenian legend (Tereus and Phaedra). The editors have taken a special interest in the history of the myths that Sophocles dramatised and the often startling modifications he made to them; several of the plays also throw important light on parallel dramas of Euripides such as Hippolytus, Andromache, and Hecuba. The book presents Greek text with facing-page translation.
Jews in Poland and Russia: 1881-1914 v. 2
Authors: Polonsky Antony
Published: December 2021

Each of the three volumes of this work provides a comprehensive picture of the realities of Jewish life in the Polish lands in the period it covers, while also considering the contemporary political, economic, and social context. This volume, from 1881 to 1914, explores the factors that had a negative impact on Jewish life as well as the political and cultural movements that developed in consequence: Zionism, socialism, autonomism, the emergence of modern Hebrew and Yiddish literature, Jewish urbanization, and the rise of popular Jewish culture. After the assassination of Alexander II in 1881, the situation of the Jews in the tsarist empire began to deteriorate rapidly. This was partly a result of the government's growing disillusionment with the effectiveness of its policies of transforming the Jews into useful subjects. In part, too, the deterioration was caused by the growing revolutionary threat and the social tensions which this engendered. In this new situation the goal of integration and transformation of the community through education and Russification also became increasingly discredited within Jewish circles. Instead of religion, it was now ethnicity that was seen by many as the chief marker of Jewish identity, while others came to perceive socialism, with its promise of a new and equal world, as the ‘solution’ to the ‘Jewish problem’. From the tsarist empire this ‘new Jewish politics’ spread to the Kingdom of Poland and to Galicia. The new politics even had an impact in Prussian Poland. The book treats Galicia, Prussian Poland, the Kingdom of Poland, and the tsarist empire all individually, as are the main cities.
Studying French Cinema
Authors: Perks Sarah , Vanderschelden Isabelle , Willis Andy
Published: December 2021

Taking a text-led approach, with the emphasis on more recent popular films, Studying French Cinema is directed at non-specialists such as students of French, film studies, and the general reader with an interest in post-war French cinema. Each of the chapters focuses on one or more key films from the ground-breaking films of the nouvelle vague (Les 400 coups, 1959) to contemporary documentary (Etre et avoir, 2002) and puts them into their relevant contexts. Depending on the individual film, these include explorations of childhood, adolescence and coming of age (Les 400 coups, L'Argent de poche); auteur ideology and individual style (the films of Jean-Luc Godard and Agnes Varda); the representation of recent French history (Lacombe Lucien and Au revoir les enfants); transnational production practices (Le Pacte des loups); and popular cinema, comedy and gender issues (e.g. Le Diner de cons). Each film is embedded in its cultural and political context. Together, the historical discussions provide an overview of post-war French history to the present. Useful suggestions are made as to studies of related films, both those discussed within the book and outside.
GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN RELATIONSHIP, LOCAL MARKET COMPETITION, AND SUPPLIERS’ INNOVATION IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Authors: Ding Lei , Atallah Gamal , Sun Guoqiang
Published: December 2021

This article examines how suppliers’ innovation in developing countries is affected by the interaction of vertical global supply chain relationships and horizontal market competition structure. We devised a bidirectional dynamic game model consisting of competing suppliers in a developing economy and an overseas buyer in a developed economy for innovation decision process in a suppliers cluster. Our research shows that global supply chain relationship is the primary factor to influence local cluster innovation and profit. Total innovation of the cluster is proved to be greater in global supply relationship with a powerful buyer than a non-powerful buyer. However, suppliers in a powerful buyer chain are not able to capture the value they created from innovation. Local competition structure plays its secondary role on cluster innovation through interaction with vertical chain relationship. Based on prior innovation research on either vertical supply chain power dynamics or horizontal competition intenseness, our study contributes as the first to employ a theoretical suppliers’ innovation model for an integrative analysis encompassing both global and local power dynamics.
Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR Era VI: The Observed Compton-thick Fraction in the Local Universe
Authors: Torres-Albà N. , Marchesi S. , Zhao X. , Ajello M. , Silver R. , Ananna T. T. , Baloković M. , Boorman P. B. , Comastri A. , Gilli R. , Lanzuisi G. , Murphy K. , Urry C. M. , Vignali C.
Published: December 2021

We present the analysis of simultaneous Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and XMM-Newton data of eight Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (CT-AGN) candidates selected in the Swift-BAT 100 month catalog. This work is part of an ongoing effort to find and characterize all CT-AGN in the Local (z ≤ 0.05) Universe. We used two physically motivated models, MYTorus and borus02, to characterize the sources in the sample, finding five of them to be confirmed CT-AGN. These results represent an increase of ∼19% over the previous NuSTAR-confirmed, BAT-selected CT-AGN at z ≤ 0.05, bringing the total number to 32. This corresponds to an observed fraction of ∼8% of all AGN within this volume-limited sample, although it increases to 20% ± 5% when limiting the sample to z ≤ 0.01. Out of a sample of 48 CT-AGN candidates, selected using BAT and soft (0.3−10 keV) X-ray data, only 24 are confirmed as CT-AGN with the addition of the NuSTAR data. This highlights the importance of NuSTAR when classifying local obscured AGN. We also note that most of the sources in our full sample of 48 Seyfert 2 galaxies with NuSTAR data have significantly different lines of sight and average torus column densities, favoring a patchy torus scenario.
Rotation Curves of Galaxies and Their Dependence on Morphology and Stellar Mass
Authors: Yoon Yongmin , Park Changbom , Chung Haeun , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2021

We study how stellar rotation curves (RCs) of galaxies are correlated on average with morphology and stellar mass (M
star) using the final release of Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV MaNGA data. We use the visually assigned T-types for the morphology indicator, and adopt a functional form for the RC that can model non-flat RCs at large radii. We discover that within the radial coverage of the MaNGA data, the popularly known flat rotation curve at large radii applies only to the particular classes of galaxies, i.e., massive late types (T-type ≥ 1, M
star ≳ 1010.8
M
⊙) and S0 types (T-type = −1 or 0, M
star ≳ 1010.0
M
⊙). The RC of late-type galaxies at large radii rises more steeply as M
star decreases, and its slope increases to about +9 km s−1 kpc−1 at M
star ≈ 109.7
M
⊙. By contrast, elliptical galaxies (T-type ≤ −2) have descending RCs at large radii. Their slope becomes more negative as M
star decreases, and reaches as negative as −15 km s−1 kpc−1 at M
star ≈ 1010.2
M
⊙. We also find that the inner slope of the RC is highest for elliptical galaxies with M
star ≈ 1010.5
M
⊙, and decreases as T-type increases or M
star changes away from 1010.5
M
⊙. The velocity at the turnover radius R

t
is higher for higher M
star, and R

t
is larger for higher M
star and later T-types. We show that the inner slope of the RC is coupled with the central surface stellar mass density, which implies that the gravitational potential of central regions of galaxies is dominated by baryonic matter. With the aid of simple models for matter distribution, we discuss what determines the shapes of RCs.
AT 2018lqh and the Nature of the Emerging Population of Day-scale Duration Optical Transients
Authors: Ofek E. O. , Adams S. M. , Waxman E. , Sharon A. , Kushnir D. , Horesh A. , Ho A. , Kasliwal M. M. , Yaron O. , Gal-Yam A. , Kulkarni S. R. , Bellm E. , Masci F. , Shupe D. , Dekany R. , Graham M. , Riddle R. , Duev D. , Andreoni I. , Mahabal A. , Drake A.
Published: December 2021

We report on the discovery of AT 2018lqh (ZTF 18abfzgpl)—a rapidly evolving extragalactic transient in a star-forming host at 242 Mpc. The transient g-band light curve’s duration above a half-maximum light is about 2.1 days, where 0.4/1.7 days are spent on the rise/decay, respectively. The estimated bolometric light curve of this object peaked at about 7 × 1042erg s−1—roughly 7 times brighter than the neutron star (NS)–NS merger event AT 2017gfo. We show that this event can be explained by an explosion with a fast (v ∼ 0.08 c) low-mass (≈0.07 M
⊙) ejecta, composed mostly of radioactive elements. For example, ejecta dominated by 56Ni with a timescale of t
0 ≅ 1.6 days for the ejecta to become optically thin for γ-rays fits the data well. Such a scenario requires burning at densities that are typically found in the envelopes of neutron stars or the cores of white dwarfs. A combination of circumstellar material (CSM) interaction power at early times and shock cooling at late times is consistent with the photometric observations, but the observed spectrum of the event may pose some challenges for this scenario. We argue that the observations are not consistent with a shock breakout from a stellar envelope, while a model involving a low-mass ejecta ramming into low-mass CSM cannot explain both the early- and late-time observations.
Energy-dependent Boundaries of Earth's Radiation Belt Electron Slot Region
Authors: Mei Yang , Ge Yasong , Du Aimin , Gu Xudong , Summers Danny , Li Xinlin , Fu Song , Xiang Zheng
Published: December 2021

The variations in radiation belt boundaries reflect competition between acceleration and loss physical processes of energetic electrons, which is an important issue for radiation belts of planets with an internal magnetic field (e.g., Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn). Based on high-quality measurements from Van Allen Probes spanning the years 2014–2018, we develop an empirical model of the energy-dependent boundaries of Earth's electron radiation belt slot region, showing that the lower boundary follows a logarithmic function of the electron energy while the upper boundary is controlled by two competing energy-dependent processes, namely compression and recovery. The compression process relates linearly to a 15 hr averaged Kp index, while the recovery process is found to be approximately proportional to time. Detailed data-model comparisons demonstrate that our model, using only the Kp index and time epoch as inputs, reconstructs the slot region boundaries in real time for 200 keV to 2 MeV electrons under varying geomagnetic conditions. Such a data-driven empirical model is prerequisite to understanding the dynamic changes of the slot region in response to both solar and geomagnetic activities. The model can be readily incorporated into future global simulations of radiation belt electron dynamics in Earth's inner magnetosphere and provide new insights into the study of Saturn's and Jupiter's radiation belt variability.
Phases of Mass Transfer from Hot Subdwarfs to White Dwarf Companions and Their Photometric Properties
Authors: Bauer Evan B. , Kupfer Thomas
Published: December 2021

Binary systems of a hot subdwarf B (sdB) star + a white dwarf (WD) with orbital periods less than 2–3 hr can come into contact due to gravitational waves and transfer mass from the sdB star to the WD before the sdB star ceases nuclear burning and contracts to become a WD. Motivated by the growing class of observed systems in this category, we study the phases of mass transfer in these systems. We find that because the residual outer hydrogen envelope accounts for a large fraction of an sdB star’s radius, sdB stars can spend a significant amount of time (∼tens of megayears) transferring this small amount of material at low rates (∼10−10–10−9
M
⊙ yr−1) before transitioning to a phase where the bulk of their He transfers at much faster rates ( ≳10−8
M
⊙ yr−1). These systems therefore spend a surprising amount of time with Roche-filling sdB donors at orbital periods longer than the range associated with He star models without an envelope. We predict that the envelope transfer phase should be detectable by searching for ellipsoidal modulation of Roche-filling objects with P
orb = 30–100 minutes and T
eff = 20,000–30,000 K, and that many (≥10) such systems may be found in the Galactic plane after accounting for reddening. We also argue that many of these systems may go through a phase of He transfer that matches the signatures of AM CVn systems, and that some AM CVn systems associated with young stellar populations likely descend from this channel.
Convection behind the Humidification of Titan’s Stratosphere
Authors: Rannou P. , Coutelier M. , Rivière E. , Lebonnois S. , Rey M. , Maltagliati L.
Published: December 2021

On Titan, methane is responsible for the complex prebiotic chemistry, the global haze, most of the cloud cover, and the rainfall that models the landscape. Its sources are located in liquid reservoirs at and below the surface, and its sink is the photodissociation at high altitude. Titan’s present and past climates strongly depend on the connection between the surface sources and the atmosphere upper layers. Despite its importance, very little information is available on this topic. In this work, we reanalyze two solar occultations made by Cassini before the northern spring equinox. We find a layer rich in methane at 165 km and at 70°S (mixing ratio 1.62% ± 0.1%) and a dryer background stratosphere (1.1%–1.2%). In the absence of local production, this reveals an intrusion of methane transported into the stratosphere by convective circulation. On the other hand, methane transport through the tropopause at a global scale appears quite inhibited. Leaking through the tropopause is an important bottleneck of Titan’s methane cycle at all timescales. As such, it affects the long-term evolution of Titan’s atmosphere and the exchange fluxes with the surface and subsurface reservoirs in a complex way. Global climate models accounting for cloud physics, thermodynamical feedbacks, and convection are needed to understand the methane cycle, and specifically the humidification of the stratosphere, at the present time, and its evolution under changing conditions at a geological timescale.
Discovery of a Protocluster Core Associated with an Enormous Lya Nebula at z = 2.3
Authors: Li Qiong , Wang Ran , Dannerbauer Helmut , Cai Zheng , Emonts Bjorn , Prochaska Jason Xavier , Battaia Fabrizio Arrigoni , Neri Roberto , Zhang Chengpeng , Fan Xiaohui , Jin Shuowen , Yoon Ilsang , Bechtel Shane
Published: December 2021

The MAMMOTH-1 nebula at z = 2.317 is an enormous Lyα nebula (ELAN) extending to a ∼440 kpc scale at the center of the extreme galaxy overdensity BOSS 1441. In this paper, we present observations of the CO(3 − 2) and 250 GHz dust-continuum emission from MAMMOTH-1 using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array. Our observations show that CO(3 − 2) emission in this ELAN has not extended widespread emission into the circum- and inter-galactic media. We also find a remarkable concentration of six massive galaxies in CO(3 − 2) emission in the central ∼100 kpc region of the ELAN. Their velocity dispersions suggest a total halo mass of M
200c
∼ 1013.1
M
⊙, marking a possible protocluster core associated with the ELAN. The peak position of the CO(3 − 2) line emission from the obscured AGN is consistent with the location of the intensity peak of MAMMOTH-1 in the rest-frame UV band. Its luminosity line ratio between the CO(3 − 2) and CO(1 − 0)r
3,1 is 0.61 ± 0.17. The other five galaxies have CO(3 − 2) luminosities in the range of (2.1–7.1) × 109 K km s−1 pc2, with the star-formation rates derived from the 250 GHz continuum of (<36)–224 M
⊙ yr−1. Follow-up spectroscopic observations will further confirm more member galaxies and improve the accuracy of the halo mass estimation.
Effects of the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure on the Martian Topside Ion Distribution: Implications on the Variability of Bulk Ion Outflow
Authors: Niu Dandan , Gu Hao , Cui Jun , Wu Xiaoshu , Wu Mingyu , Zhang Tielong
Published: December 2021

With the aid of the ion densities measured by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer and the solar wind dynamic pressures measured by the Solar Wind Ion Analyzer on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, we investigate the modulation of a sequence of ion species in the Martian topside ionosphere by the upstream solar wind condition. Almost all ion species, except for

CO

2

+

and OCOH+, are very sensitive to the variation of the solar wind condition, and their densities decrease with increasing solar wind dynamic pressure. The response of the topside ion distribution to the variation of the solar wind condition is also found to be remarkably related to the magnetic field orientation, in that the solar wind modulation occurs mainly over regions with near-horizontal field lines. These observations imply substantially enhanced outflow velocities for all ion species under high solar wind dynamic pressures when the ambient magnetic fields are near-horizontal.
Constraining Soft and Hard X-Ray Irradiation in Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
Authors: Qiu Yanli , Feng Hua
Published: December 2021

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are argued to be powered by supercritical accretion onto compact objects. One of the key questions regarding these objects is whether or not the hard X-rays are geometrically beamed toward the symmetric axis. We propose testing the scenario using disk irradiation to see how much the outer accretion disk sees the central hard X-rays. We collect a sample of 11 bright ULXs with an identification of a unique optical counterpart, and model their optical fluxes considering two irradiating sources: soft X-rays from the photosphere of the optically thick wind driven by supercritical accretion, and if needed in addition, hard X-rays from the Comptonization component. Our results indicate that the soft X-ray irradiation can account for the optical emission in the majority of ULXs, and the fraction of hard X-rays reprocessed on the outer disk is constrained to be no more than ∼10−2 in general. Such an upper limit is well consistent with the irradiation fraction expected in the case of no beaming. Therefore, no stringent constraint on the beaming effect can be placed according to the current data quality.
The Remarkable Spin-down and Ultrafast Outflows of the Highly Pulsed Supersoft Source of Nova Herculis 2021
Authors: Drake Jeremy J. , Ness Jan-Uwe , Page Kim L. , Luna G. J. M. , Beardmore Andrew P. , Orio Marina , Osborne Julian P. , Mróz Przemek , Starrfield Sumner , Banerjee Dipankar P. K. , Balman Solen , Darnley M. J. , Bhargava Y. , Dewangan G. C. , Singh K. P.
Published: December 2021

Nova Her 2021 (V1674 Her), which erupted on 2021 June 12, reached naked-eye brightness and has been detected from radio to γ-rays. An extremely fast optical decline of 2 magnitudes in 1.2 days and strong Ne lines imply a high-mass white dwarf. The optical pre-outburst detection of a 501.42 s oscillation suggests a magnetic white dwarf. This is the first time that an oscillation of this magnitude has been detected in a classical nova prior to outburst. We report X-ray outburst observations from Swift and Chandra that uniquely show (1) a very strong modulation of supersoft X-rays at a different period from reported optical periods, (2) strong pulse profile variations and the possible presence of period variations of the order of 0.1–0.3 s, and (3) rich grating spectra that vary with modulation phase and show P Cygni–type emission lines with two dominant blueshifted absorption components at ∼3000 and 9000 km s−1 indicating expansion velocities up to 11,000 km s−1. X-ray oscillations most likely arise from inhomogeneous photospheric emission related to the magnetic field. Period differences between reported pre- and post-outburst optical observations, if not due to other period drift mechanisms, suggest a large ejected mass for such a fast nova, in the range 2 × 10−5–2 × 10−4
M
⊙. A difference between the period found in the Chandra data and a reported contemporaneous post-outburst optical period, as well as the presence of period drifts, could be due to weakly nonrigid photospheric rotation.
Outbursts of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Sharma Kritti , Kelley Michael S. P. , Joharle Simran , Kumar Harsh , Swain Vishwajeet , Bhalerao Varun , Anupama G. C. , Barway Sudhanshu
Published: December 2021

We monitored the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko close to its perihelion in November 2021 with the GROWTH-India Telescope. We observed two outbursts of this comet on 2021 October 29.940 and November 17.864 UTC, −3.12 days and +15.81 days respectively from the perihelion date. The brightening in the first outburst appears as a compact source, with a radial extent up to 8.″5. The comet brightened by 0.26 ± 0.03 mag in the outburst, with a 27% increase in the effective geometric cross-section and total outburst dust mass of ∼5.3 × 105 kg. The second outburst caused a brightening of 0.49 ± 0.08 mag with effective geometric cross-section and total outburst dust mass 2.5 times larger than the first event. These outbursts are up to an order of magnitude larger than the strongest outburst event observed in situ by the Rosetta spacecraft in 2015.
Mandibular Canal Location and Cortical Bone Thickness in Males and Females of Different Age Groups: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: El-Bahnasy Sherif Shafik , Youakim Magdy , Shamel Mohamed , El Sheikh Hisham
Published: December 2021

AIM: The purpose of the study was to measure and compare the prevalence of mandibular canal (MC) location variations in regard to mandibular first molars in both genders at different age groups.

METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 80 cone-beam computed tomography scans. Distance between MC and apical apices of first molars, buccal and lingual cortical plates was measured in both sides.

RESULTS: 80 scans with 160 sides were analyzed. Distances was measured bilaterally for all scans with mean (5.22 ± 0.77) in men versus (4.1 ± 0.7) in women at group age 31–40 apical to apices of first molars. The mean was (3.77 ± 0.62) in men versus (2.81 ± 0.47) in women at same age group at buccal side, lingually the mean was (4.02 ± 0.67) in men versus (3.67 ± 0.26) in women in the same age group.

CONCLUSION: Our study showed that there were decrease in measurements in older age group in both genders and in female groups more than male groups but with no statistical significant difference.
Macrophyte diversity in rivers and streams of the Vologda Region and several other regions of Russia
Authors: Philippov Dmitriy , Komarova Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

The data paper contains the authors’ materials on the diversity of macrophytes, macroscopic plants regardless of their taxonomic position, in rivers and streams of East European Russia and Western Siberia. These data, collected on 247 rivers and 32 streams in 13 administrative regions of the Russian Federation, were provided as an occurrence dataset presented in the form of GBIF-mediated data. The main portion of the data was obtained in water objects of the Vologda Region (5201 occurrences). In addition, occurrences from the Arkhangelsk Region (347 occurrences), Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (159), Yaroslavl Region (132), Novgorod Region (97), Kostroma Region (41), Republic of Karelia (31), Sverdlovsk Region (29), Komi Republic (28), Orenburg Region (26), Chelyabinsk Region (22), Voronezh Region (22) and Tyumen Region (18) were given. The studies were carried out mainly in the southern and middle taiga and, to a lesser extent, in the northern taiga and the forest-steppe. The analysed watercourses belong to five drainage basins: the Azov Sea, the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Kara Sea. The dataset contains materials on the diversity of Plantae (6094 occurrences) and Chromista (59 occurrences). This paper, in a standardised form, summarises mostly unpublished materials on the biodiversity of lotic ecosystems.

The paper summarises the data obtained in long-term studies of phytodiversity in a range of rivers and streams of East European Russia and, fragmentarily, Western Siberia. A total of 6153 occurrences were included in the dataset. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset comprises 292 taxa, including 280 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties) and 12 taxa identified to the genus level. All the occurrences are published openly through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for the first time. Most of the data were stored in field diaries and, thus, by adding the data in GBIF, we believe that other researchers could benefit from it.
Hidden diversity within a polytypic species: The enigmatic Sceloporus torquatus Wiegmann, 1828 (Reptilia, Squamata, Phrynosomatidae)
Authors: Campillo-García Gustavo , Flores-Villela Oscar , Butler Brett Oliver , Velasco Vinasco Julián Andrés , Ramírez Corona Fabiola
Published: December 2021

The spiny lizard genus Sceloporus was described by Wiegmann in 1828, with S. torquatus posteriorly designated as the type species. The taxonomic history of S. torquatus is complicated, as it has been confused with other taxa by numerous authors. Many modern systematics works have been published on Sceloporus, but none have included all five recognized S. torquatus subspecies: S. t. torquatus, S. t. melanogaster, S. t. binocularis, S. t. mikeprestoni, and S. t. madrensis. Additionally, there is previous evidence for at least one unnamed taxon. The present study is the first taxonomic revision of the enigmatic S. torquatus based on molecular phylogenies using combined molecular data from 12S, ND4 and RAG1 genes, and Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic methods. This work includes the most extensive sampling across the entire distribution, as well as divergence time estimates and environmental niche modelling, which combined offer a spatio-temporal framework for understanding the evolution of the species. Additionally, a series of morphological characters are analyzed to identify significant differences between lineages consistently recovered in the molecular phylogenies. Using this integrative approach, evidence is presented for eight lineages within the S. torquatus complex, five of which correspond to previously recognized subspecies and three represent unnamed taxa masked by morphological conservatism. Finally, to maintain taxonomic stability a lectotype and paralectoype are designated for S. torquatus, and certain taxonomic changes are suggested in order to reflect the phylogenetic relationships within the S. torquatus complex.
Corrieopone nouragues gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Ponerinae from French Guiana (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Esteves Flavia A. , Fisher Brian L.
Published: December 2021

This study describes the worker and queen castes of the Neotropical ponerine Corrieopone nouraguesgen. nov., sp. nov., an ant from the tropical rainforest in French Guiana. Worker morphology of the taxon is compared with those of other Ponerinae and the similarities between them are discussed, refining the definition of character states for some diagnostic characters at the generic level, providing an identification key to the Neotropical genera, and making some adjustments to the taxonomic framework within the subfamily. Descriptions, diagnosis, character discussion, identiﬁcation key, and glossary are illustrated with more than 300 images and line drawings. Open science is supported by providing access to measurement data for specimens of the new genus, a matrix of character states for all ponerine taxa evaluated in this study, and specimen data for all examined material. The new or revived combinations presented here are Pachycondyla procidua Emery, comb. rev., Neoponera curiosa (Mackay and Mackay), comb. nov., Leptogenys butteli (Forel), comb. nov., and Bothroponera escherichi (Forel), comb. nov. In addition, Leptogenys butteli is synonymized with Leptogenys myops (Emery), syn. nov.
Revision of the xyleborine ambrosia beetle genus Microperus Wood, 1980 (Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) of Thailand with four new species and four newly recorded species
Authors: Sittichaya Wisut , Smith Sarah , Beaver Roger A. , Thaochan Narit
Published: December 2021

Microperus Wood, 1980 ambrosia beetles in Thailand are reviewed. Four species, M. bidentatussp. nov., M. bucolicussp. nov., M. globodeclivissp. nov., and M. serratussp. nov. are described. Four new combinations are given: Microperus armaticeps (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Microperus exsculptus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Microperus pedellus (Schedl, 1969) comb. nov., and Microperus spicatulus (Browne, 1986) comb. nov., stat. res., all from Xyleborus. Two new synonyms are proposed: Microperus cruralis (Schedl, 1975) (= Xyleborus myllus Browne, 1986 syn. nov.), Microperus exsculptus (Eggers, 1927) (= Xyleborus dentipennis Browne, 1983 syn. nov.). Four species are reported from Thailand for the first time: Microperus chrysophylli (Eggers, 1930), Microperus exsculptus, Microperus nanus (Browne, 1949) and Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926). With the inclusion of the Microperus species described and recorded herein, the diversity of Microperus is increased to 35 species, of which 18 are recorded in Thailand. An updated key to the Microperus of the Indochinese Peninsula and China is provided. The taxonomy, diagnostic characters, and distribution of species are briefly discussed.
Les Églises réformées et la tenue des dossiers : un registre brouillon du consistoire de Castres au XVII e siècle
Authors: Mentzer Raymond A.
Published: December 2021

Les registres des consistoires des Églises réformées de France sont une source exceptionnelle autant qu’essentielle pour étudier les transformations religieuses associées à la Réforme. Il se trouve que, après avoir passé presque vingt ans à parcourir la France pour identifier et examiner ces registres, j’en suis venu à apprécier la manière dont leur forme physique et les détails de leur composition peuvent, autant sinon plus que les mots écrits sur les feuilles, transmettre des informations sur le fonctionnement des Églises réformées. Ce qui me conduit à faire une comparaison d’un brouillon du registre du consistoire de Castres du xviie siècle – le seul registre brouillon de consistoire ayant survécu à la violence destructrice de la Révocation – avec sa rédaction définitive. Inévitablement, certaines questions et matières notées dans le brouillon sont laissées à l’écart de la version finale. Inversement, des discussions et documents qui ne se trouvent pas dans le brouillon sont inclus dans la copie permanente. Une analyse comparative, approfondie et affinée, des deux registres du consistoire de Castres devrait également permettre de mieux évaluer ce que représentent les registres survivants d’autres consistoires, tous étant des textes définitifs.
Les réformes de santé dans le monde
Authors: Okma Kieke G. H. , Tenbensel Tim
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution présente les principaux résultats d'un projet de recherche inhabituel sur les réformes de santé de douze petites et moyennes nations (généralement exclues des études comparatives internationales), qui a débuté au début du xxi e  siècle. Les dix-neuf co-auteurs ont tous vécu et travaillé dans un ou plusieurs de ces pays. Situés sur différents continents, les pays varient en termes de taille, de population, de géographie, de niveau de revenus ainsi que de contextes culturels et politiques. Néanmoins ils partagent des objectifs politiques visant à garantir l'accès de leur population aux soins de santé, à améliorer la santé de la population et à protéger les revenus des familles contre les coûts élevés des soins médicaux – des politiques adoptées depuis longtemps par la plupart des nations industrialisées. Ils ont tous cherché à modifier certains des éléments fondamentaux de leurs systèmes de santé : la combinaison des sources de financement, la propriété, l'administration ou les modes de paiement des services de santé. Chaque nation a mis en œuvre des réformes dans les limites de sa culture nationale, des héritages institutionnels et des positions des parties prenantes. Il en est résulté des résultats divergents, et non une convergence vers une direction ou un modèle unique. Ce qui fonctionne dans une nation peut ne pas fonctionner ailleurs. Notre étude a montré, en effet, une variété remarquable d'activités de réforme, allant des efforts partiellement réussis pour développer une couverture universelle au Ghana et en Tanzanie, aux régimes d'assurance plus fragmentés du Chili et de l'Équateur, à la nouvelle procédure d'évaluation des droits de l'assurance sociale d'Israël, aux changements rapides de la Nouvelle-Zélande dans la gouvernance régionale des soins de santé combinés à un financement stable remarquable basé sur l'impôt, à l'assurance santé de la population de Taïwan, aux mandats d'assurance quasi privée de la Suisse et des Pays-Bas et à un mélange complexe de régimes d'assurance et de subventions publiques étendues à Singapour. Classification JEL : I10, I11, I14, I18.
Entre savoir et non-savoir : la Kunstbibliothek de la Fondation Sitterwerk en Suisse et son classement « dynamique », au service des usagers et de leur créativité
Authors: Biedermann Barbara
Published: December 2021

S’émanciper des normes bibliothéconomiques, abandonner la rigidité des classements conventionnels, favoriser la sérendipité, pour offrir un service personnalisé aux usagers et valoriser leur travail de recherche, c’est ce que propose la Kunstbibliothek (Bibliothèque d’art) de la Fondation Sitterwerk à Saint-Gall, avec son système de classement dynamique. En outre, l’institution met à disposition de l’usager une table de travail numérique, la Werkbank , qui enregistre les titres et métadonnées des documents et matériaux consultés, et les compile en une sélection bibliographique sur son thème de recherche. Les autres usagers peuvent ensuite consulter cette compilation en version numérique ou sous forme d’une brochure (un Bibliozine ), laquelle engendre à son tour des recherches et des trouvailles inespérées. Par cette approche ouverte, la bibliothèque se revendique comme un espace vivant, un lieu de créativité et de partage, entre savoir et non-savoir, les utilisateur·trice·s participant activement à la production de nouvelles connaissances.
La numérisation à la Bibliothèque nationale suisse : la presse à l’honneur
Authors: Regamey Liliane
Published: December 2021

La Bibliothèque nationale suisse possède une remarquable collection de journaux. Pour faciliter leur consultation tout en protégeant ces objets fragiles, elle a lancé avec les bibliothèques patrimoniales suisses une vaste politique de numérisation en 2009. Après avoir mis au point un modèle de convention avec ses partenaires publics et privés, elle a développé une plateforme mutualisée, ambitieuse et performante : e-newspaperarchives.ch ( e-npa.ch ).