bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Maraviroc and/or Favipiravir vs Currently Used Therapy in Severe COVID-19 Adults. “COMVIVIR” Trial.
Authors: Pérez-García Adolfo , Villalobos-Osnaya Alma , Hernández-Medel Maria Luisa , Perez-Navarro Lucia Monserrat , Medina-Hernandez Elba O. , Cabrera-Orejuela Diana Sofia , Espinoza-Garcia Ana Maria , Solleiro-Villavicencio Helena , Leon-Hernandez Mireya , Mayor Arianna Rodriguez-Cal Y , Servin-Murillo Manli M. , Carrillo-Ruiz Jose Damian , Serrano-Loyola Raul , Guerrero-Avendaño Guadalupe Mercedes Lucia , Reyes-Teran Gustavo , Sierra-Madero Juan , de Oca Gonzalo Salgado-Montes , Avila-Rios Santiago , Lopez-Alvarenga Juan Carlos , Mummidi Srinivas , Hernandez-Ruiz Joselin
Published: November 2020

Multiple studies have established that hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS CoV-2 is a main cause of complications and death in infected subjects. Such dysfunctional immune response has been described as a dysregulated and exacerbated production of cytokines and chemokines that attracts and activates inflammatory cells, which start and sustain pulmonary and systemic damage, thus causing complications that lead to multi organ failure and death. Therefore, we suggest that blocking key inflammation receptors could help to reduce migration and activation of T cells, monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, thus mitigating the cytokine dysregulation and averting severe complications and death. Importantly, the optimum treatment for COVID-19 severe patients should combine a modulator of the immune response plus a direct antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2, in order to address both the hyperinflammatory effects of the immune dysregulation and the viral load. Methods: Maraviroc (MVC), a CCR5 antagonist, and Favipiravir (FPV), an antiviral, will be evaluated single and combined, added to the treatment currently used at the Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga for severe COVID-19 patients. One hundred patients will be allocated in four arms [Current treatment only (CT), CT+MVC, CT+FPV, CT+MVC+FPV]. Percentage of patients free of mechanical ventilation or death at day 28, immunophenotyping and viral load will be compared between groups. Discussion: New immune focused therapies are targeting strong inflammation mediators such as IL-6 and IL1-β; nevertheless, to our best knowledge, only one study explores chemotaxis control. The use of a drug therapy that addresses both the regulation of the immune response and the inhibition of viral replication could at the same time, help to alleviate the hyperinflammatory condition and reduce the time of the viral clearance process, therefore improving treatment outcomes.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Variable Pitch Fully Threaded Headless Screws and Partially Threaded Screws in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Wang Yilin , Han Na , Zhang Dianying , Zhang Peixun , Jiang Baoguo
Published: November 2020

(1) Introduction: The choices of the treatments for femoral neck fractures remain controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognoses of the variable pitch fully threaded headless screws in the fixation of femoral neck fractures and to compare them with those of partially threaded cannulated screws. (2) Materials and Methods: Between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016, there were 89 patients with the main diagnose of femoral neck fracture who accepted the treatment of closed reduction cannulated screw fixation in Peking University People’s Hospital. 34 cases of partially threaded screws and 23 cases of fully threaded screws met the criterion. The characteristics, prognoses and the imaging changes of all cases were described and the differences between the two groups were compared. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Mann-Whitney U test, Analysis of Variance and Chi-square test were used. Statistical significance was defined as P value (two sided) less than 0.05. (3) Results: There was no significant difference in the general characteristics, fracture classifications and reduction quality between the two groups. The fully threaded group had a significant lower angle decrease rate (30.4% vs. 58.8%, P = 0.035), femoral neck shortening rate (26.1% vs. 52.9%, P = 0.044) and screw back-sliding rate (21.7% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.032), but a higher screw cut-out rate (21.7% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.008). No significant difference was found in the nonunion rate (8.7% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.159), avascular necrosis rate (17.4% vs. 23.5%, P = 0.744) and the good and excellent rate of Harris score (73.9% vs. 82.4%, P = 0.443). (4) Conclusion: Compared with the partially threaded screws, the variable pitch fully threaded headless screws had a lower screw back-sliding rate, femoral shortening rate, angle decrease rate and similar function score, but would result in more screw cut-outs and nonunions in Garden III-IV and Pauwels III fractures. As a conclusion, the variable pitch full threaded screws are recommended in stable undisplaced fractures rather than displaced unstable fractures. Further qualified investigations with a larger scale of patients and longer follow-up are needed in the future.
Fake News Detection on Social Media Using A Natural Language Inference Approach
Authors: Sadeghi Fariba , Bidgoly Amir , Amirkhani Hossein
Published: November 2020

Fake news detection is a challenging problem in online social media, with considerable social and political impacts. Several methods have already been proposed for the automatic detection of fake news, which are often based on the statistical features of the content or context of news. In this paper, we propose a novel fake news detection method based on Natural Language Inference (NLI) approach. Instead of using only statistical features of the content or context of the news, the proposed method exploits a human-like approach, which is based on inferring veracity using a set of reliable news. In this method, the related and similar news published in reputable news sources are used as auxiliary knowledge to infer the veracity of a given news item. We also collect and publish the first inference-based fake news detection dataset, called FNID, in two formats: the two-class version (FNID-FakeNewsNet) and the six-class version (FNID-LIAR). We use the NLI approach to boost several classical and deep machine learning models including Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, BiGRU, and BiLSTM along with different word embedding methods including Word2vec, GloVe, fastText, and BERT. The experiments show that the proposed method achieves 85.58% and 41.31% accuracies in the FNID-FakeNewsNet and FNID-LIAR datasets, respectively, which are 10.44% and 13.19% respective absolute improvements.
Characterization of Migration and Induced Resistance of Rhizobium Vitis Strain ARK-1, a Biological Control Agent Against Grapevine Crown Gall Disease
Authors: Kawaguchi Akira , Noutoshi Yoshiteru
Published: November 2020

A nonpathogenic strain ARK-1 of Rhizobium vitis has an antagonistic activity toward tumorigenic (Ti) strain of R. vitis, a causal agent of grapevine crown gall disease, and works as a biocontrol agent. We have demonstrated that the gall formation was fully suppressed when ARK-1 was co-inoculated with Ti into the grapevine stem at a 1:1 ratio. For practical use of ARK-1 in agriculture, understanding the temporal dynamics of the bacterial habitat on host plants and the biocontrol property are needed in order to develop proper application methods. Here we demonstrated that the gall incidence by Ti was reduced to about 50% when ARK-1 was pre-inoculated at both upper and lower positions on the grapevine stem 3 cm away from the Ti-inoculation point 5 days before. The bacterial cell detection assay in the grapevine tissue revealed that ARK-1 could migrate at least 3 cm in 5 days. Inoculations of ARK-1 or Ti induced expression of marker genes for defense-related phytohormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene in grapevine within 3 days but they were diminished by 6 days. Inoculation of Ti 5 days after ARK-1 pre-inoculation induced expression of the marker genes except for the LOX-9 gene in a basically similar way to those without the pre-inoculation, suggesting that ARK-1 did not induce typical acquired systemic resistance or induced systemic resistance in grapevine, while the transcript of LOX-9 was detected at 24 and 48 hours after the Ti inoculation when ARK-1 was pre-inoculated, unlike the un-inoculated condition. ARK-1 primed the induction of certain defense genes and it may take part in its biocontrol activity.
Exendin-4 Improves Long-Term Potentiation and Neuronal Dendritic Growth in High-Fat Diet Mice and Neurons Under Metabolic Imbalance Conditions
Authors: Song Juhyun , Wang Ming , Yoon Gwangho , Jo Jihoon
Published: November 2020

Metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, has emerged as a significant issue worldwide. Metabolic syndrome can occur due to diverse factors such as genetic background, lifestyle changes, food intake, and aging. Recent studies have highlighted the relationship between metabolic imbalance and neurological pathologies, such as synaptic dysfunction and memory loss. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secreted from gut L-cells, and specific brain nuclei play multiple roles, including glucose metabolism, regulation of insulin sensitivity, inflammation control, synaptic plasticity improvement, and neuronal protection. Even though GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) appear to have neuroprotective functions, the specific mechanisms of GLP-1 and GLP-1RA in brain function have remained unclear. Here, we investigated whether exendin-4 improves cognitive function and brain insulin resistance in metabolic imbalanced high-fat diet mice brain as a GLP-1RA, using electrophysiological experiments. Further, we identified the neuroprotective effect of exendin-4 in primary cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons under an in vitro metabolic imbalance condition, including neuronal structure improvement. This study provides significant findings on the effects of exendin-4 in synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), neuroinflammation, and neural structure. We suggest that GLP-1 may be vital to treating neuropathology caused by metabolic imbalance.
Boron From Net Charge Acceptor to Donor and Its Effect on Hydrogen Uptake by Novel Mg-B-electrochemically Synthesized Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Marla Satya Aditya , Panda Srikanta , Tatiparti Sankara Sarma
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen uptake (H-uptake) is studied in ball milled Mg-B-electrochemically synthesized reduced graphene oxide (erGO) nanocomposites at PH2≈15 bar, ~320 ℃. B/C (weight ratio): 0, ~0.09, ~0.36, ~0.90 are synthesized maintaining erGO≈10wt %. B occupies octahedral interstices within Mg unit cell - revealed by electron density maps. Persistent charge donations from Mg and B to C appear as Mg-C (~283.2 eV), B-C (~283.3-283.9 eV) interactions in C-1s core X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) at all B/C. At B/C>0.09, charge reception by B from Mg yields Mg-B interaction (51.3 eV, Mg-2p XPS). This net charge acceptor role of B does not alter Mg unit cell size significantly. Despite charge donation to both C and B, the Mg charge is <+2, resulting in long incubation times (>5 h) at B/C>0.09. In B/C≈0.09, C-2p π→π* transition (~290 eV, C-1s XPS) is also seen. Absence of Mg-B interaction renders B a charge donor, resulting in Mg-B repulsion and Mg unit cell expansion. Mg-C peak shift to lower binding energies (C-1s XPS), decreases incubation time to 2.25 h and increases H-uptake kinetics. Various atomic interactions influence the reduction of incubation time in H-uptake and increase its kinetics in the order: (Mg→C; B→C)B/C≈0.09 > (Mg→C)B/C=0 > (ternary Mg→B→C)B/C>0.09.
Physiological Mechanism of Drought-Resistant Rice Coping with Drought Stress
Authors: Wang Benfu , Yang Xiaolong , Cheng Jianping , Chen Liang , Jiang Yuanyuan , Bu Hongying , Jiang Yang , Li Ping , Cao Cougui
Published: November 2020

Drought stress is one of major threats to rice production. The weakening of leaf photosynthesis due to drought is the main reason for the reduction of grain yield, but its mechanism is still obscure. The objectives of this study were to reveal the physiological mechanism of drought stress affecting photosynthetic capacity and grain yield. Pot experiments were conducted with three rice cultivars, Hanyou113 (HY113), Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and Zhonghan3 (ZH3) under four water management treatments (traditional flooding (CK), mild drought stress (LD), moderate drought stress (MD) and severe drought stress (HD)) in 2013 and 2014. Compared with CK, grain yield was significantly reduced by 14.9%, 30.8% and 12.8% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under mild drought stress, 32.9%, 33.7% and 22.9% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under moderate drought stress and 53.6%, 45.6% and 30.7% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under severe drought stress, respectively. The photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased by 49.0% from 20.0 to 10.2 µmol m-2 s-1 in HY113, and 67.6% from 23.4 to 7.58 µmol m-2 s-1 in HHZ, and 39.3% from 23.4 to 14.2 in ZH3. The Pn of HHZ was similar to that of ZH3 under CK conditions. The yield reduction of drought-resistant cultivars was smaller than that of conventional cultivars. Maintaining leaf water potentia (LWP), Pn, photosystem II (PSII) original light energy conversion efficiency, non–photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), and increasing in the ratio of photochemical reaction energy in fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity, is the physiological basis to achieve a relatively high photosynthesis. These traits could be the target for breeder to developing drought-tolerant varieties.
The Iranian Drug-related Deaths with Time Series Modeling and Forecasting: 2014–2016
Authors: Alipour Abbas , Kharazmi Omid , Babakhanian Masoudeh , Zarghami Mehran , Khosravi Ardeshir , Mirtorabi Seyyed Davood
Published: November 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Preoperative Computed Tomography in Guiding the Length of Cannulated Screws in Medial Malleolar Fractures
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Chen Zhaoxun , Xiao Joanna Xi , Zhao Chen , Yang Fei , Tang Jian , Li Jiang , Wang Xiaoqing
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Excessive lengths of partially threaded cannulated screws in medial malleolus fractures are often related to failure of fixation and other complications. This study aimed to analyze the distribution and density of cancellous bone in the medial malleolus among healthy individuals and provide a theoretical basis for determining the lengths of cannulated screws based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) to achieve stable fixation of medial malleolus fractures.Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2016, 100 patients (without ankle fractures) who underwent CT of the distal tibia of the lower extremities were included. Specific levels on the CT images were selected to assess the density and length of valid cancellous bone in the medial malleolus for screw fixation. Meanwhile, we followed up 44 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of medial malleolus fractures based on preoperative CT-based measurements.Results: The valid lengths of cancellous bone in the medial malleolus were significantly different between men and women (p < .05). In addition, there was a significant difference among different age groups (p < .05). The median follow-up duration of patients who underwent ORIF was 14 (range, 12–16) months. All patients were followed up to union without displacement, and no screws were observed to have loosened or backed out. Conclusion: Preoperative CT can help determine the length and location of cannulated screws. Age and gender have a considerable impact on the distribution and density of cancellous bone in the medial malleolus. The density and length of valid cancellous bone decrease with age. The shoulder of the tibial plafond in medial malleolus, which is a weak part of cancellous bone, is a common site of fracture. Short screws are recommended for fixation in elderly patients.Level of Evidence: Level IV
USP16 Regulates Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation by Deubiquitinating and Stablizing c-Myc
Authors: Ge Jianchao , Yu Wandong , Li Junhong , Ma Hangbin , Wang Pengyu , Zhou Yinghao , Wang Yang , Zhang Jun , Shi Guowei
Published: November 2020

Backgroundc-Myc, a well-established oncogene, plays an important role in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, its mechanism in cancer cell remains largely unknown and whether there exist a deubiquitinase targeting c-Myc also remains elusive.MethodsBioinformatic analysis and shRNA screening methods were used to identify potential deubiquitinases that correlate with c-Myc gene signature. Cell proliferation and viability were measured by Cell-Counting-Kit 8 and colony formation assays. A mouse xenograft model of PC3 cells was established to confirm the function of USP16 in vivo. The interaction between USP16 and c-Myc protein was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation and protein co-localization assays. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect the expression of USP16, Ki67, and c-Myc in xenograft tissues and clinical tumour tissues. Furthermore, the correlation between USP16 and c-Myc was confirmed by RNA sequencing.ResultsFunctional analyses identified USP16, known as a deubiquitinase, was strongly correlated with the c-Myc gene signature. Depletion of USP16 was shown to significantly suppress the growth of PCa cells both in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays confirmed that USP16 served as a novel deubiquitinase of c-Myc and overexpression of c-Myc significantly rescued the effects of USP16 disruption. Immunohistochemistry staining and RNA-seq tactics were further used to confirm the positive correlation between USP16 and c-Myc expression. Expression of USP16 in human PCa tissues was higher than that seen in normal prostate tissues and its high expression was found associated with poor prognosis.ConclusionsUSP16 serves as a novel deubiquitinase of c-Myc. Downregulation of USP16 markedly suppressed PCa cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. USP16 regulates PCa cell proliferation by deubiquitinating and stabilizing c-Myc, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of PCa.
MYC Targeted Rad50 Drives Progression of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer via NF-κB Activation
Authors: Li Yinuo , Wang Shourong , Li Peng , Li Yingwei , Liu Yao , Fang Haiya , Zhang Xiyu , Liu Zhaojian , Kong Beihua
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRad50 is a component of MRN complex, which consists of Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1. The MRN complex participates in DNA double-strand break repair and DNA-damage checkpoint activation. We sought to investigate the clinical and functional significance of Rad50 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. MethodsChromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the regulatory roles of MYC on Rad50 expression. Association between Rad50 expression and clinical outcome in HGSOCs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Invasion, clonogenic assay and xenograft mice model were conducted to determine to functional role of Rad50 in ovarian cancer. Protein immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. ResultsMYC proto-oncogene transcriptionally activated Rad50 expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Next, we provided evidences that Rad50 was frequently upregulated in HGSOCs and enhanced Rad50 expression inversely correlated with patient’s survival. In addition, ectopic expression of Rad50 promoted proliferation/invasion and induced EMT of ovarian cancer cells, whereas knockdown of Rad50 led to decreased aggressive behaviors. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Rad50 induced aggressiveness in HGSOC via activation NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, we identified CARD9 as an interacting protein of Rad50 in ovarian cancer cells and activation of NF-κB pathway by Rad50 is CARD9 dependent. ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that MYC targeted Rad50 exhibits oncogenic property via NF-κB activation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
Anaphylaxis following the consumption of pumpkin seeds in a two-year-old child tolerant to its pulp – a case study and a minireview
Authors: Gawryjołek Julia , Ludwig Hanna , Żbikowska-Gotz Magdalena , Bartuzi Zbigniew , Krogulska Aneta
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPumpkin and its seeds are increasingly consumed by children for their potential health benefits. Each day, around 30% of teenagers consume nuts and seeds, including pumpkin seeds. However, there is some evidence that pumpkin seeds may exert allergenic effects and induce severe life-threatening anaphylaxis. Allergy for melon, cucumber, and zucchini, which belong to the same Cucurbitaceae family as pumpkin, are well known, opposite to pumpkin allergy. Few descriptions of allergic reactions associated with pumpkin have been published, especially in children. To date, three cases of pumpkin pulp and two seed cases have been reported among children. Our case report describes a case of pumpkin seed anaphylaxis in a child with good tolerance of pulp.Case presentationIn the present study, a two-year-old child experienced anaphylaxis: generalized urticaria, swollen lips and increasing dyspnea following the consumption of pumpkin seeds. The history showed that although the child had been receiving elimination diet because of atopic dermatitis, the basic dietary element was pumpkin pulp. The skin-prick test was positive for pumpkin seeds (5 mm) but negative for pumpkin pulp (1 mm); allergen-specific IgE was 1.34 kUA/L for seed, and 0.37 kUA/L for pulp. The component resolved diagnosis found IgE to sesame seed, buckwheat and walnut (storage proteins). Based on these findings, severe anaphylactic reaction to pumpkin seeds was identified.ConclusionsIt is possible to develop pumpkin seed anaphylaxis in a child with a tolerance to pumpkin pulp. Pumpkin seeds allergens have not been well characterized. Homology between the amino acid sequences in storage proteins may indicate cross reactivity between different edible seeds and nuts.
A Framework of Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Health System Management: A Best-Fit Framework Synthesis and a Scoping Review
Authors: Shafaghat Tahereh , Bastani Peivand , Nasab Mohammad Hasan Imani , Bahrami Mohammad Amin , Kavosi Zahra , Montazer Mahsa Roozrokh Arshadi , Zarchi Mohammad Kazem Rahimi , Edirippulige Sisira
Published: November 2020

Background: Scientific evidence is the basis for improving public health; decision-making without sufficient attention to evidence may lead to unpleasant consequences. Despite efforts to create comprehensive guidelines and models for evidence-based decision-making (EBDM), there isn`t any to make the best decisions concerning scarce resources and unlimited needs. The present study aimed to develop a comprehensive applied framework for EBDM. Methods: This was a meta-synthesis including two phases of a Scoping Review (SR) and a Best-Fit Framework (BFF) synthesis conducted in 2019. A scoping review was done for the comprehensive review of the existing published studies in this area. The six-stage approach of Arksey and O’Malley was applied. Six main databases including PUBMED, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASE, and ProQuest were searched using related keywords. Data were extracted and analyzed via thematic analysis. Results of the scoping review were then synthesized to achieve the best-fit framework applying Carroll et al (2013) approach. Results: Based on the SR, 3751 studies were found, and due to the full-text screening of the studies, 30 final articles were selected for extracting the components and steps of EBDM in Health System Management (HSM). After collecting, synthesizing, and categorizing key information, the framework of EBDM in HSM was developed in the form of four general scopes. These comprised inquiring, inspecting, implementing, and integrating, which included 10 main steps and 56 sub-steps. Conclusions: The present framework provided a comprehensive guideline that can be well adapted for implementing EBDM in health systems and related organizations especially in underdeveloped and developing countries where there is usually a lag in updating and applying evidence in their decision-making process. In addition, this framework by providing a complete, well-detailed, and sequential process can be tested in the organizational decision-making process by developed countries to improve their EBDM cycle.
Functional and radiological outcomes after treatment with custom-made acetabular components in patients with Paprosky type 3 acetabular defects: short-term results
Authors: Gruber Michael Stephan , Jesenko Michael , Burghuber Julia , Hochreiter Josef , Ritschl Peter , Ortmaier Reinhold
Published: November 2020

Background Severe acetabular defects require special treatment with either impaction bone grafting, metal augmented cups or cup-cage constructs. Even these options are often not adequate, especially in hips with Paprosky type 3 defects with loss of anterior and posterior columns. This study investigates the clinical and radiological outcomes of custom-made acetabular components (© Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) for Paprosky type 3 defects.Methods Sixteen patients were eligible for this trial, nine of whom agreed to be included. All of them completed one year of follow-up. The Harris hip score and the Oxford hip score were used to compare pre- and postoperative functional outcomes. Radiological follow-up comprised anteversion and inclination of the implanted cup and offset measurements in both hips (femoral, medial, ischial offset and center of rotation). Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics.Results The mean follow-up time of the nine patients was 12.2 months (range: 10 - 18). The Oxford hip score and Harris hip score improved from 19.8 and 50.1 to 29.4 and 68.8, respectively (p = 0.009 and 0.01). There were complications in three cases (33.3%), which led to one re-revision (11.1%). Radiologic follow-up showed restoration of the height of the center of rotation and of the global offset. Significant difference was detected in the femoral offset.Conclusions The functional and radiological outcomes are promising. However, long-term outcomes still need to be examined.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV.
Accelerated fetal growth in early pregnancy and risk of preterm birth: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Elenis Evangelia , Wikström Anna-Karin , Simic Marija
Published: November 2020

Background: Preterm birth (occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation) affects 15 million infants annually, 7.5% of which die due to related complications. The detection and early diagnosis are therefore paramount in order to prevent the development of prematurity and its consequences. So far, focus has been laid on the association between reduced intrauterine fetal growth during late gestation and prematurity. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between accelerated fetal growth in early pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 69 617 singleton pregnancies without congenital malformations and with available biometric measurements during the first and second trimester. Estimation of fetal growth was based on measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD) at first and second trimester scan. We investigated the association between accelerated fetal growth and preterm birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation. The outcome was further stratified into very preterm birth (before 32 weeks of gestation) or moderate preterm birth (between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation) and medically induced or spontaneous preterm birth and was further explored. Results: The odds of prematurity were increased among fetuses with accelerated BPD growth (> 90th centile) estimated between first and second ultrasound scan, even after adjustment for possible confounders (aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.20-1.54). The findings remained significant what regards moderate preterm births but not very preterm births. Regarding medically induced preterm birth, the odds were found to be elevated in the group of fetuses with accelerated growth in early pregnancy (aOR 1.34; 95% CI 1.11-1.63). On the contrary, fetuses with delayed fetal growth exhibited lower odds for both overall and spontaneous preterm birth.Conclusions: Fetuses with accelerated BPD growth in early pregnancy, detected by ultrasound examination during the second trimester, exhibited increased odds of being born preterm. The findings of the current study suggest that fetal growth in early pregnancy should be taken into account when assessing the risk for preterm birth.
Life Cycle Assessment of opencast lignite mining
Authors: Lelek Lukasz , Kulczycka Joanna
Published: November 2020

The life cycle phase of fossil fuel extraction is mainly considered in the LCA when evaluating the energy production processes. It is then only one of many unit processes, which contribute to the blurring of mining-relevant results. There are few items in the literature focusing exclusively on the lignite mining phase and analysing the specific mining conditions and associated environmental impacts. The article focuses on the LCA of lignite mining pro-cesses on the basis of data coming from a Polish mine. The technology for opencast lignite mining is noted for its high production efficiency, high level of recovery and lower risk as regards the safety of workers when compared with underground mining systems. However, the need to remove large amounts of overburden to uncover the deposit contributes to a much greater degradation of the landscape. Analysing the results obtained, several key (hot spot) elements of the lignite mining operations were distinguished for modelling the environmental impact, i.e.: calorific value, the amount of electricity consumption, the manner in which waste and overburden are managed. As a result there is a high sensitivity of the final indicator to changes in these impacts.
International Registration of Cultivar Names for Salix L. (Willow) in 2016–20
Authors: Kuzovkina Yulia A. , Vietto Lorenzo
Published: November 2020

The International Poplar Commission, FAO UN, was appointed to serve as the International Cultivar Registration Authority for the genus Salix in 2013 (Kuzovkina and Vietto, 2014). Eight hundred and fifty-four cultivar epithets were included in the Checklist for Cultivars of Salix (Willow) to provide the baseline for the formal registration of new cultivars epithets (Kuzovkina, 2015a, 2015b). Twenty-six new cultivar epithets have been registered since 2016 and included in the International Register of Cultivars of Salix (Willow) (2020).
THE NATIONALIZATION OF THE ELITES: AN OBJECTIVE NECESSITY, POLITICAL AND LEGAL FEASIBILITY, AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, OKHOTSKIY EVGENY , GRIGORYAN DAVID ,   South-Russian Institute of Management - branch of RANEPA
Published: November 2020

The article attempts to answer the question of what is ‘nationalization of elitesэ in its modern scientific interpretation and practical functionality, and to present a normative definition of this concept. Examines the relationship of the Russian state towards the problem of nationalization of the elites in different historical conditions, is interpreted as a precondition for strength of the constitutional and legal foundations of the state, as a factor of political and professional-ethical success of public administration, justifies the historical significance of the national-based awareness of the ruling elite of the state interest and action in accordance with this interest. A prerequisite for success is strategic validity, strict compliance with the principles and norms of domestic and international law, and the prevailing moral postulates. The purpose and objectives of the research are to identify the essence, features and content of the concept of ‘nationalization of elites', to study the features of the process of such nationalization, to justify the objective validity of such a process and its practical necessity...
CULTURAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIOGENIC PROPERTIES OF DIGITAL CONTENT ON ADOLESCENT USERS
Authors:   Penza State University, VIKTOROVA ELENA , BADAEVA ELENA
Published: November 2020

The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the emotiogenic properties of digital content as a factor in the occurrence of impressing impact on an individual on the Internet. Impressing is considered as a sociocultural phenomenon - its results are the formation of a person’s sustainable desire for a certain type of activity. This is especially relevant in adolescence: for Internet users of this age category Internet is the second reality, while surfing the Internet is not only a significant part of social interactions, but also the actualization of individual’s abilities. Based on the sociological and psychological theory of perception, the emotiogenic properties of digital resources are represented as primary and secondary. The ability of each of the types of these properties to determine the occurrence of impressing in adolescent users is revealed. The corresponding assessment of the digital resources demanded by users of the considered age category is given on the basis of empirical data obtained by qualitatively-quantitative research methods: focus group, content analysis, interviews.
THE ONTOLOGICAL ROOTEDNESS OF COGNITIVE PRACTICES LINGUISTIC FORMS IN RELIGIOUS SOCIO-CULTURAL TRADITIONS: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH
Authors:   Saratov State Conservatoire, MALSHINA NATALIA
Published: November 2020

This study examines the ontological problems in the aspect of the ratio of different cognitive practices and their mutual conditionality in the context of communication and their socio-cultural prerequisites, which is possible only if the traditional approach to the distinction between epistemology and faith is revised. Based on the idea of identity of common grounds of cognitive practices “belief” is included in the understanding of interpretation in the communicative situation for true knowledge in each of the modes of being. Belief in the philosophical tradition reveals the ontological foundations of hermeneutics. Three reflections are synthesised: the hermeneutic concept of understanding, the structuralist concept of language, and the psychoanalytic concept of personality. It is necessary to apply the method of phenomenological reduction to the ontological substantiation of hermeneutics in the Christian Orthodox tradition. Hence, the very natural seems the meeting of semantics, linguistics, and onomatodoxy, with the ontology language of Heidegger, the origins of which resides in in Husserl phenomenology. Fundamental ontology and linguistics, cult philosophy - both in different ways open the horizons of substantiation of hermeneutics. The beginning of this justification is the hermeneutic problem in Christianity, which has appeared as a sequence of the question of the relationship between the two Covenants, or two Unions. In the paper, the author attempts to identify the stages of constructing the philosophical concept of Pavel Florensky. As a result, the substantiation of the birth of the world in consciousness by the cult is revealed. Ontological tradenote words can be seen in Florensky through symbols. The symbol makes the transition from a small energy to a larger one, from a small information saturation to a greater one, acting as a lumen of being - when by the name we hear the reality. The word comes into contact with the world that is on the other side of our own psychological state. The word, the symbol shifts all the time from subjective to objective. The communicative model acts as a common point uniting these traditions. The religious approach as part of semiotic approach reveals the horizons of ontological conditionality of language and words, and among the words - the name, as the name plays a central role in the accumulation and transmission of information, understanding of the commonality of this conditionality in the concepts of phenomenology and Christian, Orthodox tradition.
FEATURES OF AN UNDERGROUND FEST PROMOTION IN THE NEW MEDIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BOL FESTIVAL, RUSSIA)
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, KOROBITSIN SVIATOSLAV
Published: November 2020

The aim of the research is new media and their role in events promotion, which has acquired particular relevance in connection with the measures taken in connection with the pandemic and isolation. The study is based on practical experience of the promotion of one of Russia top summer festivals in the new media in Spring 2020 - BOL Festival1,2 - and the related advantages and disadvantages of this mode of promotion. The article examines the history of BOL Festival, its mission and idea, justified by the use of promotion tools in new media. The scientific novelty of the work is to consider the promotion of the music festival in the conditions of the spread of coronavirus infection.
COMMUNICATION REGIMES AS A NEW SCIENTIFIC CATEGORY
Authors:   National Research Institute for Communications Development, GASUMYANOV VLADISLAV , KOMLEVA VALENTINA
Published: November 2020

The article introduces a new category of ‘communication regime’ into discourse, and examines the features of formation and development of country communication regimes. The authors describe some aspects of the methodology of communication regimes research (the need for ‘ideal type’ modeling for comparative analysis). The article contains the results of a study of communication regimes, initiated and first conducted by the National Research Institute for Communications Development (Russia).
DIGITAL LITERACY AND NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS: A SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSION
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations, SHARKOV FELIX , NAZAROVA ELENA , ZHUKOV ARTYOM
Published: November 2020

Based on the concept of digital turn in sociology proposed by Professor S.Kravchenko, the authors use the example of specific sociological studies of Russian research centers to conduct a correlation analysis between the digital literacy of the population and its activity in social network communications. Network communications of the population in digital format displace analog formats and contribute to active digital transformations in society as a whole. Digital literacy is considered as an integral indicator that includes information, technical, communication and innovation components. In addition to age and gender differentiation, the level of digital literacy is also influenced by settlement and territorial factors, confirming the existence of an urgent problem of digital inequality. The situation with the ethical side of information literacy is also not clear. This indicator shows how deeply a person reflects on the information found and used. The mass transition to digital technologies observed and actively implemented in the last few years, including their application in network communications, increases not only the innovative, spatial and technological, but also the cognitive distance between generations, not only within the framework of family and interpersonal communications, but also on the scale of industrial, industry and institutional interactions. In today’s digital world, the structural elements of social networks include platforms, online services, or websites designed to build, reflect, and organize people’s social connections. It is the presence of an almost limitless number of information exchanges in social networks that forms a certain system of cybernetic power (cyber power). Cyber power is a complex system of resources structured around the production, exchange, and control of digital information. The cyber power is gradually transformed into a powerful hegemony, i.e., the power of the Internet. a superpower that is not limited to controlling purely cybernetic resources that include structural levels of cyberspace. Not only the communication system is changing, but also the way of thinking, which is becoming an actual subject of research not only for sociologists and psychologists, but also for representatives of many related scientific fields. The concept of a digital turn in sociology, which assumes a humanistic basis for the ongoing transformations, could become a methodological basis for a comprehensive study of the social aspects and consequences of digitalization of modern society.
PRACTICE-ORIENTED MODEL IN THE FIELD OF TRAINING “ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS” (42.03.01)
Authors:   North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, GLUSHCHENKO OLESYA , GRISHANIN NIKITA
Published: November 2020

The paper describes the practice-oriented model of training for bachelors and masters in the field of advertising and public relations, analyzes the new conditions for the transformation of training model, provides justification for the model of simulation training. The authors describe two models in simulation training, and consider the features of interaction of participants in the educational process in simulation training. This article is a logical continuation of the previous publication1, hence, it has appeared as a result of the authors’ experience of building a simulation model in this field of training.
A Corpus-Based Analysis of Future Tense Markers in Indonesian EFL Textbooks for Senior High School
Authors: Oktavianti Ikmi Nur , Prayogi Icuk
Published: November 2020

A well-designed textbook can enhance the teaching and learning of a foreign language and it should also consider the authenticity aspect of the target language. This paper aims at studying the use of future tense markers (i.e. will, be going to) in three EFL textbooks for senior high school in Indonesia and comparing to one of the biggest English corpora, Corpus of Contemporary American English, to investigate the authenticity of the textbooks. This study employs corpus-based analysis as it focuses on the frequency and collocates of future tense markers. This study, however, delimits the scope in conversations of the textbooks and the spoken sub-corpus. It shows that, although ‘will’ and ‘be going to’ are used in the textbooks and the corpus, there are some distinctions observed, be they the frequency of use or the collocates preceding the future tense markers. As for the semantic of the verb collocates, there seem to have many differences. These differences then need to be revisited and re-evaluated to improve Indonesian EFL textbooks materials to equip the English learners in a foreign language context with actual language use.
Relative entropy in scattering and the S-matrix bootstrap
Authors: Bose Anjishnu , Haldar Parthiv , Sinha Aninda , Sinha Pritish , Tiwari Shaswat
Published: November 2020

We consider entanglement measures in 2-2 scattering in quantum field
theories, focusing on relative entropy which distinguishes two different
density matrices. Relative entropy is investigated in several cases
which include \phi^4ϕ4
theory, chiral perturbation theory (\chi PTχPT)
describing pion scattering and dilaton scattering in type II superstring
theory. We derive a high energy bound on the relative entropy using
known bounds on the elastic differential cross-sections in massive QFTs.
In \chi PTχPT,
relative entropy close to threshold has simple expressions in terms of
ratios of scattering lengths. Definite sign properties are found for the
relative entropy which are over and above the usual positivity of
relative entropy in certain cases. We then turn to the recent numerical
investigations of the S-matrix bootstrap in the context of pion
scattering. By imposing these sign constraints and the
\rhoρ
resonance, we find restrictions on the allowed S-matrices. By performing
hypothesis testing using relative entropy, we isolate two sets of
S-matrices living on the boundary which give scattering lengths
comparable to experiments but one of which is far from the 1-loop
\chi PTχPT
Adler zeros. We perform a preliminary analysis to constrain the allowed
space further, using ideas involving positivity inside the extended
Mandelstam region, and other quantum information theoretic measures
based on entanglement in isospin.
New Trends in the Pharmacological Intervention of PPARs in Obesity: Role of Natural and Synthetic Compounds
Authors: Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Devi Kasi Pandima , Sathya Sethuraman , Sanches-Silva Ana , Joanna Listos , Talarek Sylwia , Xu Suowen , Daglia Maria , Nabavi Seyed Fazel , Shirooie Samira , Sureda Antoni , Tejada Silvia , Banach Maciej , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Saso Luciano
Published: November 2020

Obesity is a major health concern for a growing fraction of the population, as its prevalence
and related metabolic disorders are not fully understood. Over the last decade, many attempts
have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms at the basis of this condition, in
which the accumulation of fat occurring in adipose tissue leads to the pathogenesis of obesity-
related disorders. Among the most recent studies, those on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated
Receptors (PPARs) revealed that these nuclear receptor proteins acting as transcription factors,
among others, regulate the expression of genes involved in energy, lipid, and glucose
metabolisms, and chronic inflammation. The three different isotypes of PPARs, with different
tissue expression and ligand binding specificity, exert similar or overlapping functions directly
or indirectly linked to obesity. In this study, we reviewed the available scientific reports concerning
the PPARs structure and functions, especially in obesity, considering both natural and
synthetic ligands and their role in the therapy of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. On
the whole, the collected data suggest that there are both natural and synthetic compounds that
show beneficial and promising activity as PPAR agonists in chronic diseases related to obesity.
The Performance of Membrane Sweep in Conjunction with the Induction of Labor with Sublingual Misoprostol
Authors: Lella Mounica , Shetty Jyothi , Kyalakond Keerti , Pai Murlidhar V
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To study the outcomes of membrane sweep done during induction of labor with sublingual misoprostol
at term pregnancy such as the mode of delivery and the induction delivery interval.

Methods:

This prospective descriptive study was conducted in 305 term women (237 primigravida and 68 multigravida)
who received sublingual misoprostol followed by membrane sweep (single or double sweep based on the progress of labor).
Main outcome measures included mode of delivery, induction to delivery interval, duration of labor, neonatal outcomes and
maternal complications.

Results:

Among 237 primigravida, 108 (45.5%) women delivered after a single sweep and 129 (54.4%) women needed a
second sweep. Among 68 multigravida, 47 (69.1%) delivered after a single sweep and only 21 (30.8%) required a second
sweep. Maximum number (75.5%) of primigravida had pre-induction Bishop score of 2 while maximum number (67.6%)
of multigravida had pre-induction Bishop score of 3. Vaginal deliveries (including instrumental delivery) were more in both
primigravida (55.6%) and multigravida (88.2%) who received membrane sweep in conjunction with induction of labor. The
mean time from the first dose of sublingual misoprostol to the onset of contraction was 6.9 hours in primigravida and 4.2
hours in multigravida while the meantime from the onset of contractions till vaginal delivery (duration of labor) was 11.2
hours in primigravida and 5.8 hours in multigravida. The mean interval from induction to the vaginal delivery was 18.8
hours in primigravida and 14.4 hours in multigravida.

Conclusion:

Sublingual misoprostol, along with membrane sweep at the initiation of labor induction is an effective
intervention despite its association with increased rate of cesarian section among primigravida as compared to the literature.