bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primus inter pares:storytelling and male peer groups in an Indo‐Guyanese rumshop
Authors: Sidnell Jack
Published: January 2005

Language is centrally implicated in the semiotic organization of socio‐political realities and in the maintenance of both social equality and social differentiation. Conversations in a rural Indo‐Guyanese village, during which men collectively reconstruct past events, allow for differential participation in the activity of storytelling. In the sequential organization of interaction, and the actions embedded therein, the participants display to one another a preoccupation with age, rights to knowledge, and social differentiation based on these criteria,[storytelling, social organization, knowledge, age, Guyana]
Multilevel Analyses of Genetic Differentiation in Anopheles gambiae s.s. Reveal Patterns of Gene Flow Important for Malaria-Fighting Mosquito Projects
Authors: Tripet Frédéric , Dolo Guimogo , Lanzaro Gregory C
Published: January 2005

Malaria control projects based on the introduction and spread of transgenes into mosquito populations depend on the extent of isolation between those populations. On the basis of the distribution of paracentric inversions, Anopheles gambiae has been subdivided into five subspecific chromosomal forms. Estimating gene flow between and within these forms of An. gambiae presents a number of challenges. We compared patterns of genetic divergence (FST) between sympatric populations of the Bamako and Mopti forms at five sites. We used microsatellite loci within the j inversion on chromosome 2, which is fixed in the Bamako form but absent in the Mopti form, and microsatellites on chromosome 3, a region void of inversions. Estimates of genetic diversity and FST's suggest genetic exchanges between forms for the third chromosome but little for the j inversion. These results suggest a role for the inversion in speciation. Extensive gene flow within forms among sites resulted in populations clustering according to form despite substantial gene flow between forms. These patterns underscore the low levels of current gene flow between chromosomal forms in this area of sympatry. Introducing refractoriness genes in areas of the genome void of inversions may facilitate their spread within forms but their passage between forms may prove more difficult than previously thought.
Inferring the Mode of Speciation From Genomic Data
Authors: Osada Naoki , Wu Chung-I
Published: January 2005

The strictly allopatric model of speciation makes definable predictions on the pattern of divergence, one of which is the uniformity in the divergence time across genomic regions. Using 345 coding and 143 intergenic sequences from the African great apes, we were able to reject the null hypothesis that the divergence time in the coding sequences (CDSs) and intergenic sequences (IGSs) is the same between human and chimpanzee. The conclusion is further supported by the analysis of whole-genome sequences between these species. The difference suggests a prolonged period of genetic exchange during the formation of these two species. Because the analysis should be generally applicable, collecting DNA sequence data from many genomic regions between closely related species should help to settle the debate over the prevalence of the allopatric mode of speciation.
New Adjustment Factors and Sample Size Calculation in a DNA-Pooling Experiment With Preferential Amplification
Authors: Yang Hsin-Chou , Pan Chia-Ching , Lu Richard C Y , Fann Cathy S J
Published: January 2005

In the post-genome era, disease gene mapping using dense genetic markers has become an important tool for dissecting complex inheritable diseases. Locating disease susceptibility genes using DNA-pooling experiments is a potentially economical alternative to those involving individual genotyping. The foundation of a successful DNA-pooling association test is a precise and accurate estimation of allele frequency. In this article, we propose two new adjustment methods that correct for preferential amplification of nucleotides when estimating the allele frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We also discuss the effect of sample size when calibrating unequal allelic amplification. We conducted simulation studies to assess the performance of different adjustment procedures and found that our proposed adjustments are more reliable with respect to the estimation bias and root mean square error compared with the current approach. The improved performance not only improves the accuracy and precision of allele frequency estimations but also leads to more powerful disease gene mapping.
Multiple Pathways for Suppression of Mutants Affecting G1-Specific Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Flick Karin , Wittenberg Curt
Published: January 2005

In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, control of cell proliferation is exerted primarily during G1 phase. The G1-specific transcription of several hundred genes, many with roles in early cell cycle events, requires the transcription factors SBF and MBF, each composed of Swi6 and a DNA-binding protein, Swi4 or Mbp1, respectively. Binding of these factors to promoters is essential but insufficient for robust transcription. Timely transcriptional activation requires Cln3/CDK activity. To identify potential targets for Cln3/CDK, we identified multicopy suppressors of the temperature sensitivity of new conditional alleles of SWI6. A bck2Δ background was used to render SWI6 essential. Seven multicopy suppressors of bck2Δ swi6-ts mutants were identified. Three genes, SWI4, RME1, and CLN2, were identified previously in related screens and shown to activate G1-specific expression of genes independent of CLN3 and SWI6. The other four genes, FBA1, RPL40a/UBI1, GIN4, and PAB1, act via apparently unrelated pathways downstream of SBF and MBF. Each depends upon CLN2, but not CLN1, for its suppressing activity. Together with additional characterization these findings indicate that multiple independent pathways are sufficient for proliferation in the absence of G1-specific transcriptional activators.
Predictions of Patterns of Response to Artificial Selection in Lines Derived From Natural Populations
Authors: Zhang Xu-Sheng , Hill William G
Published: January 2005

The pattern of response to artificial selection on quantitative traits in laboratory populations can tell us something of the genetic architecture in the natural population from which they were derived. We modeled artificial selection in samples drawn from natural populations in which variation had been maintained by recurrent mutation, with genes having an effect on the trait, which was subject to real stabilizing selection, and a pleitropic effect on fitness (the joint-effect model). Natural selection leads to an inverse correlation between effects and frequencies of genes, such that the frequency distribution of genes increasing the trait has an extreme U-shape. In contrast to the classical infinitesimal model, an early accelerated response and a larger variance of response among replicates were predicted. However, these are reduced if the base population has been maintained in the laboratory for some generations by random sampling prior to artificial selection. When multiple loci and linkage are also taken into account, the gametic disequilibria generated by the Bulmer and Hill-Robertson effects are such that little or no increase in variance and acceleration of response in early generations of artificial selection are predicted; further, the patterns of predicted responses for the joint-effect model now become close to those of the infinitesimal model. Comparison with data from laboratory selection experiments shows that, overall, the analysis did not provide clear support for the joint-effect model or a clear case for rejection.
The Role of Pedigree Information in Combined Linkage Disequilibrium and Linkage Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in a General Complex Pedigree
Authors: Lee S H , Van der Werf J H J
Published: January 2005

Combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage (LDL) mapping can exploit historical as well as recent and observed recombinations in a recorded pedigree. We investigated the role of pedigree information in LDL mapping and the performance of LDL mapping in general complex pedigrees. We compared using complete and incomplete genotypic data, spanning 5 or 10 generations of known pedigree, and we used bi- or multiallelic markers that were positioned at 1- or 5-cM intervals. Analyses carried out with or without pedigree information were compared. Results were compared with linkage mapping in some of the data sets. Linkage mapping or LDL mapping with sparse marker spacing (∼5 cM) gave a poorer mapping resolution without considering pedigree information compared to that with considering pedigree information. The difference was bigger in a pedigree of more generations. However, LDL mapping with closely linked markers (∼1 cM) gave a much higher mapping resolution regardless of using pedigree information. This study shows that when marker spacing is dense and there is considerable linkage disequilibrium generated from historical recombinations between flanking markers and QTL, the loss of power due to ignoring pedigree information is negligible and mapping resolution is very high.
A Novel Endoribonuclease, RNase LS, in Escherichia coli
Authors: Otsuka Yuichi , Yonesaki Tetsuro
Published: January 2005

The dmd gene of bacteriophage T4 is required for the stability of late-gene mRNAs. When this gene is mutated, late genes are globally silenced because of rapid degradation of their mRNAs. Our previous work suggested that a novel Escherichia coli endonuclease, RNase LS, is responsible for the rapid degradation of mRNAs. In this study, we demonstrated that rnlA (formerly yfjN) is essential for RNase LS activity both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we investigated a role of RNase LS in the RNA metabolism of E. coli cells under vegetative growth conditions. A mutation in rnlA reduced the decay rate of many E. coli mRNAs, although there are differences in the mutational effects on the stabilization of different mRNAs. In addition, we found that a 307-nucleotide fragment with an internal sequence of 23S rRNA accumulated to a high level in rnlA mutant cells. These results strongly suggest that RNase LS plays a role in the RNA metabolism of E. coli as well as phage T4.
Reducing WIC Administrative Burdens to Promote Health Equity
Authors: Agyapong Eunice , Vasan Aditi , Anyigbo Chidiogo
Published: February 2024

This Viewpoint discusses barriers to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation for low-income and racial and ethnic minoritized families and outlines strategies that health care professionals and health systems can use to help families overcome these barriers.
The Effects of Manufacturing Techniques on the Mechanical Performance of an Auxetic Structure Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication and Multijet Fusion Processes
Authors: Alomarah Amer , Abbas Abdalameer Tariq , Faisal Batool , Peng Zizhao , Ruan Dong
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing is increasingly becoming potential for short‐run part production. The aim of this work is to explore the mechanical properties of a hybrid auxetic structure fabricated by multijet fusion (MJF) and fused filament fabrication (FFF). The experimental measurements indicate that robust specimens with high‐dimensional accuracy are successfully achieved using MJF process. In the case of the FFF process, the walls–walls and walls–cylinders areas (connecting areas) suffer large pores, indicating poor printing quality. The 3D printed specimens via FFF process reveal smooth plateau stress, while plateau stress with high peaks is observed when the MJF specimens are compressed along the Y‐axis. Moreover, specimens manufactured by the MJF process reveal the highest specific energy absorption (SEA) per unit volume and per unit mass. The calculated values of SEA are 2.1 and 2.5 J g−1 (for specimens fabricated by MJF) in which they significantly outperform the SEA (0.495 and 0.480 J g−1) of those manufactured by the FFF process. Furthermore, the trend of auxetic features (negative Poisson's ratio) has not been affected by the manufacturing processes. This study sheds light on the influence of fabrication methods on the mechanical properties of cellular materials especially their ability to absorb energy.
Vertically Aligned Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks with Switchable Electrical Conductivity for Li Metal Anode
Authors: Jin Yongsheng , Lee In‐Hwan , Gu Taejun , Jung Su‐Ho , Chang Hongjun , Kim Byung‐Sung , Moon Janghyuk , Whang Dongmok
Published: February 2024

Lithium (Li) metal, with its unparalleled theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential, is a promising anode material for rechargeable batteries. Yet, challenges such as dendrite formation, severe electrode volume change, and ongoing Li consumption impede its practical adoption. To address these challenges, a novel approach is introduced, harnessing the switchable electrical conductivity of a nanoporous current collector for Li metal anode. A vertically aligned Nickel‐catecholate (VANC) is directly grown on the copper foil as the nanoporous current collector, and the Li intercalation and de‐intercalation of VANC reversibly decrease and increase the electrical conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the electrode, respectively. The switchable conductivity induces uniform deposition and stripping of Li metal without forming dendrite and dead Li during the Li plating/stripping process and thus enables high coulombic efficiency of over 98% even after 200 cycles. This nanoporous structure with switchable conductivity will open up a new path for reliable lithium metal anode for rechargeable battery applications.
Design Principles of Mediation Layer for Current Collectors Toward High‐Performance Anode‐Free Potassium‐Metal Batteries: A Case Study of Cu6Sn5 on Copper
Authors: Ren Naiqing , Wang Lifeng , Li Xiaoying , Cao Kuo , He Zixu , Shao Yu , Xiao Jingchao , Zhu Yiran , Pan Bicai , Jiao Shuhong , Chen Chunhua
Published: February 2024

Anode‐free potassium (K) metal batteries are promising candidates in high‐energy‐density batteries. Nevertheless, the notorious potassium dendrite growth and poor K plating/stripping efficiency originating from the potassiophobicity of conventional Cu current collectors impede their practical applications. Herein, by means of systematically multi‐scale theoretical simulations, the correlations among K deposition morphology, nucleation sites, and potassiophilicity of mediation layers are well illuminated from thermodynamics and dynamics perspectives. As a proof of concept, a potassiophilic alloy Cu6Sn5 layer is constructed on commercial Cu foils via a facile electroless plating approach. The designed Cu6Sn5@Cu can guide the homogeneous distribution of K+ flux and regulate the electronic field, promoting uniform K+ plating and stripping. Meanwhile, a KF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with high mechanical strength is electrochemically induced and formed, facilitating the transport of K+ through SEI and enhancing the stability of SEI. Consequently, Cu6Sn5@Cu delivers great performance with durable stability of up to 600 h (1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2) in no‐reservoir half‐cells. Benefiting from the unique mediation layer design, a novel anode‐free K‐metal full‐cell prototype demonstrates ameliorative cyclic stability. This work advances a fundamental understanding and establishes the bridge between the potassium deposition morphology and mediation layer properties for anode‐free potassium‐metal batteries.
Diamond Nanostructures at Different Dimensions: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Li Yao , Yang Limin , Jiang Xin , Lu Yang , Han Cuiping , Tang Yongbing , Yang Nianjun
Published: February 2024

Diamond materials at different nanoscales provide them various characteristics such as elastic mechanical properties in needle‐like nanotips, flexibility of 2D films having atomic thicknesses and constant hardness under high pressures, superior field electron emission properties of vertically wall‐like composites, unprecedented hardness and improved toughness of nanotwin diamond (nt‐diamond), while the inherent excellent properties of bulk diamond (e.g., high Young's modulus, robustness, biocompatibility) can be maintained. In this paper, the newly born 1D diamond nanothreads, 2D diamanes, as well as 3D nt‐diamond are briefly reviewed. The innovations, progresses and achievements of different dimensional diamond nanostructures, covering lines, planes and volumes are overviewed. The topical problems and future outlooks of diamond nanostructures are outlined and discussed.
Plaque‐Specific Adhesive Balloons Coated with Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Loaded with Rapamycin for Atherosclerosis Therapy
Authors: Xiao Yun , Lin Jun , Zhao Yanbo , Wang Xiaoyu , Lv Qingbo , Li Wujiao , Tang Ruikang , Fu Guosheng
Published: February 2024

Drug‐coated balloons (DCBs), serving as a superior alternative to stents, are at the cutting edge of clinical innovations in atherosclerosis management. Nevertheless, the prevalent high flow rates in arterial vascular result in short drug residence times, significantly compromising DCBs’ therapeutic effectiveness. Drawing inspiration from the mechanisms of vascular calcification, a rapamycin‐loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticle (CaP@Rapa) coating for balloons is pioneered. This coating functions as a potent drug anchor in arteries, facilitating the adhesion of rapamycin to plaques and thereby enhancing the local concentration of the rapamycin. To evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in vivo, the rabbit iliac artery atherosclerosis model is innovatively developed, which authentically mirrors the pathological progression of atherosclerosis in humans. The enhanced localized rapamycin retention, along with its pH‐sensitive sustained release characteristics, culminate in substantial reductions in plaque volume, a decrease in intimal hyperplasia, and mitigation of local inflammation in model rabbits. To further substantiate the translational potential of CaP@Rapa balloons, the research on the pig coronary atherosclerosis model is expanded, which yielded results solidifying the clinical promise of CaP@Rapa balloons. In summary, this research not only offers a more effective and reliable alternative to traditional DCB but also paves the way for further clinical trials.
Retinomorphic Photonic Synapses for Mimicking Ultraviolet Radiation Sensing and Damage Imaging
Authors: Shao He , Li Yueqing , Zhuang Jingwen , Ji Yu , He Xiang , Wang Ruiheng , Wang Le , Fu Jingwei , Li Wen , Yi Mingdong , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei , Ling Haifeng
Published: February 2024

Photonic synapses integrate sensing and processing within a single device, making them promising candidates for emulating the visual perception of a biological retina. Most retinomorphic photonic synapses achieve image pre‐processing by differentially responding to red, green, and blue (RGB). However, the impact of invisible ultraviolet (UV) light on the retina remains insufficiently explored, hindering the perception of the full spectrum by retinomorphic devices. Herein, a photonic synapse is constructed with strong UV absorption of Poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(4,4′‐(N‐(4‐sec‐butylphenyl) diphenylamine)] (TFB) as photosensitive layer. The device exhibits synaptic properties of long‐term memory (LTM) and short‐term memory (STM) at different UV radiation stages. Extracting the electrical conductance of the device under UV radiation generates patterns of different resolutions, facilitating the simulation of retinal damage's impact on object perception. Moreover, an electronic eye system, incorporating the photonic synapse under UV radiation, successfully replicates pupil constriction and eye‐closing behaviors akin to those observed in a real biological eye. This result underscores the authenticity of retinomorphic devices, expending a novel concept for the future development of visuomorphic computing.
Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Cellular Origami Exhibiting Improved and Multifunctional Floatability
Authors: Bai Haoyu , Li Peng , Wang Xinsheng , Li Zhe , Zhao Tianhong , Tian Yaru , Cheng Mingren , Hong Yiqian , Zhu Xuanbo , Cao Moyuan
Published: February 2024

Interfacial floater possessing an open surface diversifies the functions of current systems in the field of solar evaporation, micro‐detector, multiphase catalysis, etc. However, most of the current floaters still face challenges such as the anti‐submersion, orientation adjusting, and multifunctional capabilities. Drawing inspiration from water striders and diving bell spiders, here a superhydrophobic cellular origami (SCO) is proposed with reliable stability, submerge resistance, switchable floatability, and multifunctional integration. The remarkable floating ability is achieved through the air storage ability of superhydrophobic air cells. SCO floats stably on the water surface and has a maximum load capacity that is 48% higher than the superhydrophobic sheet. Besides, SCO can resurface rapidly after complete submersion, even using titanium metal as substrate. To further enhance the universality of SCO, the Janus SCO with unbalanced structure can float with a specific orientation facing up and the origami structure is optimized to be switchable with hinge structure for adjustable buoyancy. To prove the concept in 3D structure, a cylindrical SCO is presented for cable locating on the water surface. This study presents an achievable strategy to extend superhydrophobic surfaces into anti‐sinking floaters, offering valuable insights into the development of multifunctional interface carriers.
Paraffin‐Enabled Superlattice Customization for a Photostimulated Gradient‐Responsive Artificial Reflex Arc
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Wu Mengwei , Zhang Yan , Yan Hongyi , Lee Yangjin , Zhao Zihan , Hao He , Shi Xiaohu , Zhang Zhaoxian , Kim Kwanpyo , Liu Nan
Published: February 2024

The development of photostimulated‐motion artificial reflex arcs — a neural circuit inspired by light‐driven motion reflexes — holds significant promises for advancements in robotic perception, navigation, and motion control. However, the fabrication of such systems, especially those that accommodate multiple actions and exhibit gradient responses, remains challenging. Here, a gradient‐responsive photostimulated‐motion artificial reflex arc is developed by integrating a programmable and tunable photoreceptor based on folded MoS2 at different twist angles. The twisted folded bilayer MoS2 used as photoreceptors can be customized via the transfer technique using patternable paraffin, where the twist angle and fold‐line could be controlled. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity is 3.7 times higher at a twist angle of 29° compared to that at 0°, showing a monotonically decreasing indirect bandgap. Through tunable interlayer carrier transport, photoreceptors fabricated using folded bilayer MoS2 at different twist angles demonstrate gradient response time, enabling the photostimulated‐motion artificial reflex arc for multiaction responses. They are transformed to digital command flow and studied via machine learning to control the gestures of a robotic hand, showing a prototype of photostimulated gradient‐responsive artificial reflex arcs for the first time. This work provides a unique idea for developing intelligent soft robots and next‐generation human–computer interfaces.
Ultralow‐Voltage Frequency Tunning of Liquid Crystal‐Based GHz Antenna via Nanoscratching Method
Authors: Lee Changjae , Park Jinki , Chi Ye‐Eun , Yoo Youngin , Park Seong‐Ook , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: February 2024

Liquid crystal (LC)‐based radio‐frequency (RF) tunable antennas garner attention because of their compact size and minimal heat generation. Exploiting the LC's property to alter the RF permittivity depending on its alignment, voltage‐induced orientational switching enables frequency modulation of the radiated wave. To ensure dependable antenna performance, precise control of the initial LC alignment is crucial, which is conventionally achieved by polyimide (PI) coating followed by the rubbing process (PI‐rubbing). However, this approach demands high temperature (200 °C) and prolonged processing time (2 h), while also necessitating high voltage for LC reorientation due to induced excessive surface polar anchoring strength. Here, a PI‐free‐nanoscratching method creating 1D channels is introduced that induces initial LC alignment in a desired direction. The initial orienting capability of the scratched metal surface is superior to that of the PI‐rubbed surface. Furthermore, the LC‐based antenna employing the nanoscratching method shows a remarkable resonance frequency shift of up to 3 GHz with a low voltage of 2 V. This driving voltage is five times lower than that of antennas using the conventional PI‐rubbing method, which can open a new era for the next generation LC‐antenna.
Computational Characterization of Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Combinatorial Exciton Recombination Parameters and Photon Extraction Efficiency
Authors: Kim Yoonwoo , Jo Jeong‐Wan , Yang Jiajie , Bernstein Yaron , Lee Sanghyo , Jung Sung‐Min , Kim Jong Min
Published: February 2024

Quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) have gained significant attention for next‐generation display and lighting systems owing to their superior color selectivity and color purity. To maximize the efficiency of QD‐LED devices, it is of great importance to identify the key factors that govern their electro–optical properties. The efficiency of QD‐LED devices is strongly influenced by combinatorial processes, represented by the Shockley‐Read‐Hall rate A, Langevin strength B, and Auger probability C (ABC parameters) of quantum‐dots (QDs), along with photon extraction efficiency of QD‐LED devices. In this study, an integrated computational framework is proposed to accurately analyze the electro–optical properties of QD‐LED devices. The experimental device properties are characterized by ABC and photon extraction efficiency parameters through an innovative numerical data‐fitting procedure. Utilizing these parameters, a parametric analysis is performed based on a complete computational charge transport simulation model to explore the influence of the combinatorial exciton recombination processes. This computational framework aligns excellently with experimental results, showcasing its remarkable reliability and effectiveness in both quantitatively characterizing QD nanoparticles and in the detailed analysis of the electro–optical properties of QD‐LED devices.
Remotely Controlled Laser‐Programmable Microwave Metasurfaces
Authors: Sun Ya Lun , Zhang Xin Ge , Huang Zhixiang , Zhu Bingcheng , Jiang Wei Xiang , Zhang Zaichen , Cui Tie Jun
Published: February 2024

Programmable metasurfaces have brought significant advance to electromagnetic (EM) and related fields, making it easier and more efficient to manipulate the EM waves and realize higher tuning flexibility and range. However, how to achieve independent control of each unit of the programmable metasurface in a low‐overhead and wireless manner remains a challenge. Here, a laser‐programmable microwave metasurface is proposed and constructed, in which each unit can be controlled remotely by laser intensity in real time. The key is to design an ultra‐compact photoelectric passive boost circuit and integrate it into the meta‐unit. In this case, the light sensing‐to‐power‐to‐control‐to‐microwave manipulation process can be fully realized on the highly integrated meta‐unit, and thus the metasurface can be completely programmed at the unit level by laser coding patterns, without any wire connections and external power suppliers. As experimental demonstration, a phase‐coding laser‐programmable microwave metasurface is presented using a laser array. To show the capabilities of the metasurface, 2D beam scanning and vortex beam generation are demonstrated using 1‐bit phase modulations under the laser illuminations. This approach offers an effective route for the space lasers to manipulate microwaves accurately, which is helpful in developing advanced functional devices, passive platforms, and photoelectric hybrid systems.
Visible Meta‐Displays for Anti‐Counterfeiting with Printable Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Gong Jintao , Xiong Lingxing , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang
Published: February 2024

Metasurfaces, 2D arrays of nanostructures, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to manipulate light at the subwavelength scale. Their diverse applications range from advanced optical devices to sensing and imaging technologies. However, the mass production of dielectric metasurfaces with tailored properties for visible light has remained a challenge. Therefore, the demand for efficient and cost‐effective fabrication methods for metasurfaces has driven the continuing development of various techniques. In this research article, a high‐throughput production method is presented for multifunctional dielectric metasurfaces in the visible light range using one‐step high‐index TiO2‐polymer composite (TPC) printing, which is a variant of nanoprinting lithography (NIL) for the direct replication of patterned multifunctional dielectric metasurfaces using a TPC material as the printing ink. The batch fabrication of dielectric metasurfaces is demonstrated with controlled geometry and excellent optical response, enabling high‐performance light‐matter interactions for potential applications of visible meta‐displays.
Platelet Membrane Nanocarriers Cascade Targeting Delivery System to Improve Myocardial Remodeling Post Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xu Xuan , Li Mingxi , Yu Fuchao , Wei Qin , Liu Yang , Tong Jiayi , Yang Fang
Published: February 2024

Although treatments for myocardial infarction have advanced significantly, the global mortality due to ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury remains high. Here, a platelet (PLT) membrane nanocarrier (PL720) that encapsulates L‐arginine and FTY720 to facilitate the cascade‐targeted delivery of these substances to the myocardial injury site and enable the controlled release of L‐arginine and FTY720 is developed. Such an innovative approach shows enhanced cardioprotection through multiple target strategies involved in ischemia–reperfusion injury and late reperfusion inflammation. During the ischemia–reperfusion phase, PL720 targets and accumulates in damaged coronary arteries. PL720 rapidly releases L‐arginine, stimulating endothelial cells to produce NO, thereby dilating blood vessels and promoting blood flow recovery, while FTY720's sustained release exerts anti‐apoptotic effects. During the late reperfusion inflammatory phase, PL720 is captured by circulating inflammatory monocytes and transported into a deeper ischemic myocardial lesion. PL720 promotes macrophage polarization and accelerates the inflammatory repair. Furthermore, the issue of bradycardia associated with the clinical use of FTY720 is innovatively relieved. Therefore, PL720 is a vascular injury and inflammation dual targeting strategy, exhibiting significant potential for multi‐targeted therapy and clinical translation for cardiac injury.
Ambient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: From Theoretical Guidance to Catalyst Design
Authors: Mu Jianjia , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Yu Tong , Zhao Lu‐Kang , Luo Wen‐Bin , Yang Huicong , Liu Zhao‐Meng , Sun Zhenhua , Gu Qin‐Fen , Li Feng
Published: February 2024

Ammonia, a vital component in the synthesis of fertilizers, plastics, and explosives, is traditionally produced via the energy‐intensive and environmentally detrimental Haber–Bosch process. Given its considerable energy consumption and significant greenhouse gas emissions, there is a growing shift toward electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis as an eco‐friendly alternative. However, developing efficient electrocatalysts capable of achieving high selectivity, Faraday efficiency, and yield under ambient conditions remains a significant challenge. This review delves into the decades‐long research into electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis, highlighting the evolution of fundamental principles, theoretical descriptors, and reaction mechanisms. An in‐depth analysis of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) is provided, with a focus on their electrocatalysts. Additionally, the theories behind electrocatalyst design for ammonia synthesis are examined, including the Gibbs free energy approach, Sabatier principle, d‐band center theory, and orbital spin states. The review culminates in a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and prospective future directions in electrocatalyst development for NRR and NitRR, paving the way for more sustainable methods of ammonia production.
Material Properties of n‐Type β‐Ga2O3 Epilayers with In Situ Doping Grown on Sapphire by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Tarntair Fu‐Gow , Huang Chih‐Yang , Rana Siddharth , Lin Kun‐Lin , Hsu Shao‐Hui , Kao Yu‐Cheng , Pratap Singh Jitendra , Chen Yi‐Che , Tumilty Niall , Liu Po‐Liang , Horng Ray‐Hua
Published: February 2024

In this study, in situ, Si‐doped heteroepitaxial Ga2O3 layers are grown on c‐plane sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The X‐ray diffraction peaks of the doped Ga2O3 epilayers shows ß‐phase of Ga2O3 ,and full width at half maximum of Ga2O3 crystallinity is decreased at a Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) molar flow rate of 2.23 × 10−7 mol min−1 but increased with higher flow rates. The dopant concentrations of Ga2O3 grown at 825 °C with TEOS molar flows of 2.23 × 10−7, 4.47 × 10−7, and 6.69 × 10−7 mol min−1 are measured to be 5.5 × 1019, 1.1 × 1020, and 1.4 × 1020 atom cm−3, respectively, using secondary ion mass spectra and Hall measurements reveal n‐type nature with carrier concentrations of 6.5 × 1017, 3.2 × 1018, and 3.9 × 1018 atom/cm3 , respectively. To increase Si dopant activation, Ga2O3 growth temperature is raised to 875 °C. The result suggests a higher growth temperature can contribute to a greater probability of Si substitution on Ga lattice sites, which further reduces the resistivity of Ga2O3 epilayer. Moreover, results are compared with theoretical Density Functional Theory  studies.
Operando Tracking the Interactions between CoOx and CeO2 during Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Jinzhen , Hales Natasha , Clark Adam H. , Yüzbasi Nur Sena , Borca Camelia Nicoleta , Huthwelker Thomas , Schmidt Thomas J. , Fabbri Emiliana
Published: February 2024

CeO2 greatly enhances the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of CoOx, though the enhancement mechanism beyond this synergy is yet to be understood. Here, operando hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (hXAS) is applied to monitor the Co K edge and Ce L3 edge in CoOx/CeO2 to shed light on the evolution of the Co and Ce oxidation states during OER. In addition, ex situ soft XAS (sXAS) characterizations provide information on the irreversible surface‐specific transformations of the Co L3 edge as well as of the O K edge. Combining the operando and ex situ spectroscopic characterizations with comprehensive electrochemical analyses, it is confirmed that CeO2 is not the active center for the OER. However, coupling CeO2 with CoOx introduces significant modifications in the Co and O species at the CoOx surface and alters the flat band potential (Efb), leading to more favorable Co oxidation state transformations during OER and possibly modifying the preferential reaction pathway. This work establishes the connections between electronic structures, Co oxidation state and the OER reaction mechanism for CoOx/CeO2 composites electrodes.
Racial/ethnic differences in the bullying victimization‐suicidality link among LGBQ high school students in the United States
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Valido Alberto , Espelage Dorothy L. , Lee Jungup , DiNitto Diana M.
Published: February 2024

Although the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal behaviors of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (i.e., unsure of their sexual orientation) students has been well documented in research, few studies have focused on how bullying victimization might be related to suicidal behaviors among youth with intersectional identities. This study examines associations between bullying victimization and suicidal behaviors across racial/ethnic groups in a sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) students. Data for this cross‐sectional study were derived from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey combined data set (2003–2019), with a sample of 95,603 students who identified as LGBQ. Analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression. We found that homophobic bullying victimization was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation and plans among the total sample and Black and Hispanic students. School‐based bullying victimization was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among white and Hispanic students and higher suicidal ideation among multiracial–non‐Hispanic students. Cyberbullying victimization was not associated with suicidal behavior among Asian students, but it was associated with all forms of suicidal behavior among youth of other racial/ethnic identities. Addressing bullying victimization and suicidality with culturally relevant, evidence‐based violence prevention strategies is critical.
Mortality and cancer incidence in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride production workers
Authors: Alexander Bruce H. , Ryan Andrew , Church Timothy R. , Kim Hyun , Olsen Geary W. , Logan Perry W.
Published: February 2024

Background

Exposure to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with several health outcomes, though few occupationally‐exposed populations have been studied. We evaluated mortality and cancer incidence in a cohort of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride‐based specialty chemical manufacturing workers.

Methods

The cohort included any employee who ever worked at the facility from 1961 to 2010 (N = 4045), with a primary interest in those who had 365 cumulative days of employment (N = 2659). Vital status and mortality records were obtained through 2014 and the cohort was linked to state cancer registries to obtain incident cancer cases from 1995 to 2014. Cumulative exposure was derived from a comprehensive exposure reconstruction that estimated job‐specific perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)‐equivalents (mg/m3) exposure. Overall and exposure‐specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated in reference to the US population. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cumulative PFOS‐equivalent exposure (log2 transformed) were estimated within the cohort for specific causes of death and incident cancers using a time‐dependent Cox model.

Results

Death rates were lower than expected except for cerebrovascular disease (SMR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.25–4.22) and bladder cancer (SMR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.07–10.02) in the highest exposure quartile. Within the cohort, the incidence of bladder, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer were positively associated with exposure, however except for lung cancer (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.11) the CIs did not exclude an HR of 1.

Conclusions

This study provides some evidence that occupational exposure to PFOS is associated with bladder and lung cancers and with cerebrovascular disease.
A New Architecture for DNA‐Templated Synthesis in Which Abasic Sites Protect Reactants from Degradation
Authors: Frommer Jennifer , Oppenheimer Robert , Allott Benjamin M. , Núñez‐Pertíñez Samuel , Wilks Thomas R. , Cox Liam R. , Bath Jonathan , O'Reilly Rachel K. , Turberfield Andrew J.
Published: February 2024

The synthesis of artificial sequence‐defined polymers that match and extend the functionality of proteins is an important goal in materials science. One way of achieving this is to program a sequence of chemical reactions between precursor building blocks by means of attached oligonucleotide adapters. However, hydrolysis of the reactive building blocks has so far limited the length and yield of product that can be obtained using DNA‐templated reactions. Here, we report an architecture for DNA‐templated synthesis in which reactants are tethered at internal abasic sites on opposite strands of a DNA duplex. We show that an abasic site within a DNA duplex can protect a nearby thioester from degradation, significantly increasing the yield of a DNA‐templated reaction. This protective effect has the potential to overcome the challenges associated with programmable, sequence‐controlled synthesis of long non‐natural polymers by extending the lifetime of the reactive building blocks.
Renewing Halogen Substitution Strategy for the Rational Design of High‐Curie Temperature Metal‐Free Molecular Antiferroelectrics
Authors: Li Wenjing , Ma Yu , Hu Xinxin , Xu Haojie , Liu Yi , Han Shiguo , Fan Qingshun , Gao Changhao , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua
Published: February 2024

Metal‐free molecular antiferroelectric (AFE) holds a promise for energy storage on account of its unique physical attributes. However, it is challenging to explore high‐curie temperature (Tc) molecular AFEs, due to the lack of design strategies regarding the rise of phase transition energy barriers. By renewing the halogen substitution strategy, we have obtained a series of high‐Tc molecular AFEs of the halogen‐substituted phenethylammonium bromides (x‐PEAB, x=H/F/Cl/Br), resembling the binary stator‐rotator system. Strikingly, the p‐site halogen substitution of PEA+ cationic rotators raises their phase transition energy barrier and greatly enhances Tc up to ~473 K for Br‐PEAB, on par with the record‐high Tc values for molecular AFEs. As a typical case, the member 4‐fluorophenethylammonium bromide (F‐PEAB) shows notable AFE properties, including high Tc (~374 K) and large electric polarization (~3.2 μC/cm2). Further, F‐PEAB also exhibits a high energy storage efficiency (η) of 83.6 % even around Tc, catching up with other AFE oxides. This renewing halogen substitution strategy in the molecular AFE system provides an effective way to design high‐Tc AFEs for energy storage devices.
Reductive Doping Inhibits the Formation of Isomerization‐Derived Structural Defects in N‐doped Poly(benzodifurandione) (n‐PBDF)
Authors: Hwang Jinhyo , Zhao Qiyuan , Ahmed Mustafa , Yakisan Alexander C. , Espenship Michael F. , Laskin Julia , Savoie Brett M. , Mei Jianguo
Published: February 2024

Recently, solution‐processable n‐doped poly(benzodifurandione) (n‐PBDF) has been made through in‐situ oxidative polymerization and reductive doping, which exhibited exceptionally high electrical conductivities and optical transparency. The discovery of n‐PBDF is considered a breakthrough in the field of organic semiconductors. In the initial report, the possibility of structural defect formation in n‐PBDF was proposed, based on the observation of structural isomerization from (E)‐2H,2′H‐[3,3′‐bibenzofuranylidene]‐2,2′‐dione (isoxindigo) to chromeno[4,3‐c]chromene‐5,11‐dione (dibenzonaphthyrone) in the dimer model reactions. In this study, we present clear evidence that structural isomerization is inhibited during polymerization. We reveal that the dimer (BFD1) and the trimer (BFD2) can be reductively doped by several mechanisms, including hydride transfer, forming charge transfer complexes (CTC) or undergoing an integer charge transfer (ICT) with reactants available during polymerization. Once the hydride transfer adducts, the CTC, or the ICT product forms, structural isomerization can be effectively prevented even at elevated temperatures. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of why isomerization‐derived structural defects are absent in n‐PBDF backbone. It lays a solid foundation for the future development of n‐PBDF as a benchmark polymer for organic electronics and beyond.
Novel N‐pyrocatechoyl and N‐pyrogalloyl hydrazone antioxidants endowed with cytotoxic and antibacterial activity
Authors: Branković Jovica , Matejić Vesna , Simijonović Dušica , Vukić Milena D. , Kačaniova Miroslava , Živanović Marko , Mirić Ana , Košarić Jelena , Branković Marija , Petrović Vladimir P.
Published: February 2024

Over the years, pharmacological agents bearing antioxidant merits arose as beneficial in the prophylaxis and treatment of various health conditions. Hazardous effects of radical species hyperproduction disrupt normal cell functioning, thus increasing the possibility for the development of various oxidative stress‐associated disorders, such as cancer. Contributing to the efforts for efficient antioxidant drug discovery, a thorough in vitro and in silico assessment of antioxidant properties of 14 newly synthesized N‐pyrocatechoyl and N‐pyrogalloyl hydrazones (N‐PYRs) was accomplished. All compounds exhibited excellent antioxidant potency against the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The extensive in silico analysis revealed multiple favorable features of N‐PYRs to inactivate harmful radical species, which supported the obtained in vitro results. Also, in silico experiments provided insights into the preferable antioxidant pathways. Prompted by these findings, the cytotoxicity effects and the influence on the redox status of cancer HCT‐116 cells and healthy fibroblasts MRC‐5 were evaluated. These investigations exposed four analogs exhibiting both cytotoxicity and selectivity toward cancer cells. Furthermore, the frequently uncovered antimicrobial potency of hydrazone‐type hybrids encouraged investigations on G+ and G– bacterial strains, which revealed the antibacterial potency of several N‐PYRs. These findings highlighted the N‐PYRs as excellent antioxidant agents endowed with cytotoxic and antibacterial features.
Group consensus of hybrid‐order heterogeneous multi‐agent systems with and without input saturation
Authors: Tang Xiong‐Hui , Zhan Xi‐Sheng , Wang Ling‐Yan , Wu Jie , Yan Huai‐Cheng
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the group consensus of hybrid‐order heterogeneous multi‐agent systems (MASs) consisting of first‐order linear agents and second‐order nonlinear agents with and without input saturation. First, group consensus algorithms are introduced. Then, by using various mathematical methods, including the graph theory, LaSalle invariant set principle, and Lyapunov stability theory, it is shown that hybrid‐order heterogeneous MASs can reach group consensus if sufficient conditions are satisfied. Further, the simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that hybrid‐order heterogeneous MASs with and without input saturation can achieve the group consensus.
Rendezvous problem for chains of kinematic points
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Liu Liu , Lu Yufeng , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2024

This paper studies the dynamic of a chain of infinitely many kinematic points guaranteeing the uniform convergence in the
sense. A sufficient condition and some necessary conditions for infinite many kinematic points rendezvousing are given in terms of the spectrum and the invariant subspaces of the dynamic operator. The necessary and sufficient condition for finitely many kinematic points rendezvousing is characterized by the eigenvalues and the invariant subspaces of the dynamic operator. The estimate on the rate of the rendezvous is derived based on the spectrum of the dynamic operator.