bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Approach to Power Lines’ Status Assessment Using Software Package to Prevent Technogenic Hazards
Authors: Виноградова Л. , Vinogradova L. , Игнатьев Е. , Ignat'ev E. , Попов Г. , Popov G. , Чернов Константин , Chernov Konstantin
Published: February 2018

It has been shown as a combination of theoretical positions for technogenic safety’s systemology and modern information technologies’ capabilities can help prevent dangerous technogenic impacts. Have been revealed systemological method’s main terms and concepts needed to investigate the problem of technogenic safety. Have been presented descriptions of an overhead power line as a collection of complex technogenic system and technogenic impacts created by this system’s components. Has been given the general characteristics of the «Diagnostics +» software complex for the electrical equipment’s status assessment based on processing of current information’s large volumes. Have been provided examples for representation of overhead power lines in the program complex, and types of their tests in accordance with the directive documents. It has been stated that equipment status prediction aids prevent an occurrence of dangerous technogenic impacts that may accompany the operation of overhead power lines.
Method for Construction of Software and Hardware Complex for Notification of an Accident on Automobile Transport with Hazardous Cargo
Authors: Синицын Владимир , Sinitsyn Vladimir , Татаринов В. , Tatarinov V. , Кирсанов А. , Kirsanov A.
Published: February 2018

In this paper a minimum necessary structure of the software and hardware complex for operative notification of an automotive accident in the real time mode has been proposed based on analysis of accidents on automobile transport with hazardous cargo, notification features of EMERCOM’s duty-dispatching services, and functional capabilities of domestic and foreign geo-information systems. A model for management support based on application of simulation software and hardware complex for monitoring a road transportation of hazardous cargos (based on sensors for automatic identification of accidents, and satellite technologies) has been proposed as well. Model implementation of the software and hardware complex has shown its operating capacity and high efficiency.
3H-Thymidine Influence on DNA Double Strand Breaks Induction in Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Воробьева Н. , Vorob'eva N. , Уйба В. , Uyba V. , Кочетков О. , Kochetkov O. , Астрелина Т. , Astrelina T. , Пустовалова М. , Pustovalova M. , Грехова А. , Grehova A. , Блохина Т. , Blohina T. , Яшкина Е. , Yashkina E. , Кабанов Д. , Kabanov D. , Никитина В. , Nikitina V. , Сучкова Е. , Suchkova E. , Кобзева И. , Kobzeva I. , Осипов А. , Osipov A.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To estimate the impact of 3H-thymidine on DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induction in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Material and methods: Isolation and cultivation of human bone marrow MSC was carried out according to a standard procedure. A sterile solution of 3H-thymidine with different specific radioactivity was added to the cell culture and incubated under the conditions of the CO2 incubator for 24 hours. The specific radioactivity of 3H-thymidine in the incubation medium was 50–1600 kBq/ml. To evaluate quantitatively the DSBs, an immunocytochemical analysis of the DSB marker – γH2AX foci histone was used. Additionally, the proportion of dividing cells was estimated using an immunocytochemical analysis of the cell proliferation marker, the Ki67 protein. Results: It was shown that 24 h incubation of human MSC in a culture medium results in a dose-dependent increase in γH2AX foci. There is a linear increase in the foci γH2AX in the range of 50–400 kBq/ml, after which the relative quantitative yield of foci per unit of specific radioactivity begins to decrease. In general, the dose-effect relationship is approximated by the quadratic function y = 3.13 + 50.80x – 12.38x2 (R2 = 0.99), where y is the number of foci γH2AX in the cell nucleus, and x is the specific radioactivity in 1000 kBq/ml. It was found that incubation of human MSC in a culture medium containing 800 and 1600 kBq/ml of 3H-thymidine resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the cells proliferative activity compared to the control of ~1.25 and 1.41 respectively. The peculiar biological limitation of tritium accumulation in the cell nucleus explains well the nonlinear character of the dependence of the formation of DSBs on the specific radioactivity of 3H-thymidine in the culture medium observed in our study. Conclusion: Quantitative analysis of γH2AX foci has proved to be a highly reproducible and highly sensitive method for evaluating the induction of DSBs in living cells under the action of 3H-thymidine. An analysis of the foci of γH2AX will be useful for accurate estimating the quantitative yield of DBS in living cells per dose of 3H-thymidine β-radiation. To do this, it is necessary to make a correct calculation of the doses received by the cells taking into account the microdistribution of 3H-thymidine in the cell volume and its accumulation in the DNA of living cells.
Radiation Situation at the Tailing Dump of the Stepnogorsk Mining-Chemical Combine and Adjacent Territories. Message I
Authors: Казымбет П. , Kazymbet P. , Бахтин М. , Bahtin M. , Кашкинбаев Е. , Kashkinbaev E. , Джанабаев Д. , Dzhanabaev D. , Джаутбаева Ж. , Dzhautbaeva Zh. , Шарипов М. , Sharipov M.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: Assessment of the radiation situation at the tailing dump of the Stepnogorsk Mining-Chemical Combine (SMCC) and the settlements around.

Material and methods: The tailing dumps of the SMCC and the settlements near located of Aksu, Kvartsytka and Zavodskaya were objects of the radioecological research. Field expedition studies were performed during the summer period and consisted in carrying out a detailed gamma survey of the territory of the investigated objects and settlements, sampling of surface waters, vegetation, surface and layered soil samples. In settlements, along with sampling and studying the gamma background, the equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon daughters in residential and industrial premises was determined. To determine the concentrations of the studied radionuclides a background was selected, within which the levels of their global deposition were studied. To calculate the individual effective radiation dose of the population the National Radiation Protection Board methodology was used as the basis.

Results: In the northern part of the tailing dump of the SMCC in the adjoining territory, a radioactive contamination site was found where the specific activity values for 226Ra, 232Th and 210Pb reach values of 1500–2000 Bq/kg. On the territory of the Aksu settlement, 5 local areas with the area from 25 to 1000 m2 were found, with the intensity of ambient dose equivalent of gamma radiation from 0.39 to 0.86 µSv/h. In the Zavodskaya village, two areas with increased levels of gamma radiation intensity were identified.

Conclusion: The obtained results of field work and laboratory analytical studies testify to the negative impact of the tailing dump of the SMCC on the environment of adjacent territories, expressed in contamination of soil, water and vegetation with radionuclides. The nature of the abnormal areas on the territory of the settlements of Aksu and Zavodskaya excludes their origin from the tailing dump of the SMCC. The appearance of these areas of contamination may be due to the use of materials of the 3rd class in sanitary and hygienic standards for improvement and road construction. The probable annual effective dose for the population living in the radioactive local areas of the Aksu ~6.5 mSv/year, at the normal rate of 1 mSv/year from man-made radiation sources.
Innovative Approach to the Integration of Federal State Standard and Professional Standard
Authors: Романченко М. , Romanchenko M. , Филиппов Б. , Filippov B.
Published: February 2018

The article presents a study of the problems of integrating Federal state and professional standards in the training of specialists with secondary vocational education institutions. Federal state standard of new generation set up for the teachers of special disciplines of secondary vocational education institutions the problem of creating conditions to ensure the implementation of standard requirements to results of education, and the formation of professional competencies with the purpose of achievement of the standard of professional education. The process of implementing these requirements is complicated by the diff erent approaches to FSS and professional standard. The study is based on a practical methodology that focuses on solving practical problems and purposeful transformation of vocational training programmes, to ensure integration of FSS and professional standards in the training of specialists. The article provides an example of integration of requirements of the FSS and professional standards on the basis of professional educational organizations.

The results consist in the description of the experience of the competence approach to organization of educational process, integration of standards by the example of one educational institution. This experience is applicable in any professional educational organization, regardless of the provisioning profile. The authors observed the diff erential nature of the main types of professional competencies of the FSS and the integrative nature of job functions of the professional standard, the necessity of designing professional modules having leading nature. The article describes the experience of integrating the standards applicable in any professional educational organization, regardless of the provisioning profile.
Job Mission as a Substitute for Monetary Incentives: Benefits and Limits
Authors: Cassar Lea
Published: February 2018

Many jobs are connected to a prosocial mission—namely, to a social purpose beyond profit maximization. I use three laboratory experiments to investigate if employers can use the mission to economize on monetary incentives. In my first experiment, I exogenously vary whether the agents’ effort generates a donation to a charity of their choice (matched mission), generates a donation to a charity chosen by another subject (random mission), or generates no donation (no mission). I find that the mission, whether matched or random, increases effort compared to the no-mission condition. Consistent with the theory, nonmotivated principals exploit the agents’ motivation by offering lower piece rates, whereas very motivated principals pay higher piece rates to boost the donation. I find no difference in the effort and piece rate between the matched- and random-mission conditions. In my second experiment, I use a selected pool of motivated subjects but still observe no difference between these two treatments. In my third experiment, I explore whether the effect of mission-matching may arise through gift exchange: principals decide between choosing the mission or delegating the choice to the agent. I do not find evidence that agents who are delegated the mission choice reciprocate with higher effort. These findings suggest that while a prosocial mission allows for economizing on monetary incentives, there are no further gains from increasing the quality of the mission-matching.

Data and the supplemental material are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2903 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Research into beta-amyloid sheds new light on Alzheimer's
Authors: Mendes Aysha , Palmer Sarah
Published: February 2018

Many forms of dementia are characterised by the presence of toxic clumps of protein in the brain. Aysha Mendes and Sarah Palmer outline new research highlighting a new method to tease apart differences in the hallmark Alzheimer's protein, beta-amyloid.
Public Acceptance of Pre-Commercial Thinning and Energy and Soil Amendment Products from Post-Harvest Residues in Western Forests of the United States
Authors: Sasatani Daisuke , Eastin Ivan L , Bowers C Tait , Ganguly Indroneil
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

The goals of the Waste-to-Wisdom project is to produce bioenergy products and biochar from post-harvest forest residues and thus understanding public acceptance of the forest management and utilizing forest residues for biomass-based products is critical. This research explores the public perceptions of producing bioenergy products and biochar from forest thinning activities in the western Pacific Northwest region. A web-based survey was conducted in Washington, Oregon, and Northern California generating 1,202 responses. Multinomial regression techniques and simulation-based approach were applied to analyze how demographic and socio-economic factors influence public perceptions. People living in less populated areas are more likely to support forest thinning. Higher levels of education and household income also lead to higher levels of support for forest thinning. On the other hand, supports for forest thinning results in supports for using forest residuals to produce bioenergy products. These results suggest that different strategies are necessary to effectively communicate the environmental and ecological benefits of using forest residuals derived from forest thinning activities to produce biomass-based products. Keywords: Environmental Perceptions, Multinomial Logistic Regression, Natural Resource Management, Rural vs. Urban, Simulation-Based Approach.
Relative Impact of Kernel Thickness and Moisture Content on Rice Fissuring during Drying
Authors: Odek Zephania R. , Siebenmorgen Terry J. , Mauromoustakos Andronikos
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

Individual kernel thickness and moisture content (MC) vary within rice panicles. These variations affect the drying characteristics of rice kernels and consequently, the milling yield. This study utilized an X-ray system augmented with an in-situ rice drying apparatus that enabled fissure detection in rough rice kernels during drying and tempering. Rough rice kernels of two long-grain cultivars (Roy J and CL XL745), each at two MC levels (20% and 16%, w.b.), were fractionated into three thickness fractions (thin <1.98 mm, medium 1.98 - 2.03 mm, and thick >2.03 mm). Kernels from each of the 12 sub-lots were dried and tempered under controlled air conditions. Fissured kernel percentages (FKP) were determined from X-ray images taken before, during, and after drying and tempering. Kernel thickness and MC both affected moisture desorption fissuring. Generally, as kernel thickness increased, the FKP increased for high-MC lots. In regards to MC, high-MC lots were more prone to fissuring than the low-MC lots. Overall, these findings highlight the role of kernel properties on fissuring during drying. Keywords: Kernel fissuring, Kernel thickness, Moisture content, Rice drying, X-ray imaging.
Waste To Wisdom: Utilizing Forest Residues for the Production of Bioenergy and Biobased Products
Authors: Han Han-Sup , Jacobson Arne , Bilek E.M. (Ted) , Sessions John
Published: February 2018

The Waste to Wisdom project was part of the Biomass Research and Development Initiative (BRDI) and funded by the Department of Energy (DE-EE0006297) at an amount of $5.8 million. Our interdisciplinary research team, consisting of academics, business professionals, and land managers, worked together for about four years (September 2013 to December 2017) to: 1) conduct field-based experiments to develop innovative tools and systems that improve the economics, accessibility, and production of quality feedstocks from forest residues, 2) develop and test stand-alone in-woods or near-the-forest biomass conversion technologies (BCTs) for the production of biochar, torrefied wood, and briquettes, and 3) perform analyses to evaluate the economic feasibility of commercial deployment of BCTs and to quantify the life cycle economic and environmental benefits of utilizing forest residues with BCTs for the production of bioenergy and bioproducts. The research papers presented in this Special Issue cover key aspects of the research efforts and findings made by the project team. We encourage the audience to visit the project web site (http://wastetowisdom.com/) to learn more about the team’s research on feedstock development, biomass conversion technologies, and the financial and environmental benefits of utilizing forest residues for production of bioenergy and biobased products. Keywords: Air quality, Biomass conversion technology, Forest harvesting, Woody biomass.
O PACOTE ANTICORRUPÇÃO E O DEBATE SOBRE SUA CONSTITUCIONALIDADE
Authors: Santini Maria Carolina
Published: February 2018

Este artigo apresenta as cinco primeiras medidas do pacote anti-corrupção e comentários a elas pertinentes, expondo o confronto, de membros do Ministério Público e advogados criminalistas. A corrupção na política brasileira suscitou manifestações públicas, asseverando a inconformidade da população, com ênfase nos prejuízos causados ao patrimônio público. Tal entrave tem sido enfrentado pelo Ministério Público Federal que, para tanto, apresentou como instrumento jurídico um conjunto de recomendações denominadas Dez Medidas Contra a Corrupção, o qual inaugura polêmica nacional. O documento acarreta comentários críticos em relação à sua constitucionalidade.
PRINCÍPIOS DE INTERPRETAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: February 2018

As normas constitucionais não possuem um exclusivo conteúdo jurídico, exatamente por se tratar a Constituição de um texto com nítida feição política, sendo válido concluir que os problemas de interpretação constitucional são mais amplos e complexos do que aqueles afetos à lei comum, razão pela qual a doutrina e a jurisprudência forjaram um arcabouço de métodos e princípios a serem manejados pelo exegeta quando da tarefa interpretativa do Texto Magno, tema que será abordado no presente artigo.
A CULTURA DA MEDIAÇÃO E A CONTRAPOSIÇÃO DE PARADIGMAS: UMA ANÁLISE DA COOPERAÇÃO E AUTONOMIA NA RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS
Authors: Sales Lilia Maia de Morais , Calor Marília Bitencourt C.
Published: February 2018

Neste trabalho, averígua-se o fenômeno das novas percepções da cultura da mediação com o objetivo de compreender se o novo paradigma proposto, pautado na cooperação e desenvolvimento de habilidades, rompe eficazmente com as teorias totalitárias, inaugurando uma nova forma de encarar-se o conflito e as relações humanas. Cumpre-se, desta forma, o objetivo geral de responder ao questionamento acerca da eficiência da mediação na inauguração de um novo paradigma que coaduna de melhor maneira com as novas formulações a respeito da realização do ser e do empoderamento social. Para tanto, utiliza-se de metodologia descritiva e exploratória, por meio de técnica de levantamento bibliográfico, atingindo conclusões no sentido da necessidade de se desenvolver uma contribuição mais efetiva no que compete aos novos modelos trazidos pela cultura da mediação, difundindo novas ideias as quais promovam o auxílio na busca por soluções em diversos âmbitos que apresentam problemas enfrentados na atualidade, como as crises no ensino jurídico, na formação das elites judiciais, no número de demandas recorrentes no poder judiciário dentre outros fatos que justificam o trabalho.
DIREITOS HUMANOS E TRANSNACIONALIDADE: UM DEBATE SOBRE AS PRETENSÕES JURÍDICAS GLOBALIZADAS
Authors: Souilljee Liege Giaretta
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo correlacionar alguns aspectos do temário geral dos Direitos Humanos com a transnacionalidade, com o princípio da Dignidade da pessoa humana e com o intercâmbio das decisões judiciais entre os países. Longe da pretensão de trazer respostas últimas ao tema, a pesquisa identifica os Direitos Humanos como critério de união juridicamente considerado na sociedade globalizada e transnacional. Os Direitos Humanos são o reconhecimento de um patrimônio jurídico mínimo comum para além dos limites geopolíticos do Estado. Muito se discute a respeito da aplicabilidade e da efetivação dos Direitos Humanos, que estão presentes tanto em documentos internacionais quanto no âmbito do direito interno, em forma de norma constitucional. A partir da transnacionalidade, a atuação judicial em perspectiva de troca, é meio para a concretização dos Direitos Humanos, pois um país, ao utilizar o entendimento do outro nos seus casos concretos, apresenta a internacionalização do direito, sem ameaça da segurança jurídica, mas efetivando a pretensão jurídica globalizada e transnacional. Nesta pesquisa, utilizou-se o método indutivo, operacionalizado pela técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O REGIME DE SEPARAÇÃO OBRIGATÓRIA DE BENS E A SÚMULA 377 DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Guedes Ana Paula Antunes , Ghilardi Dóris
Published: February 2018

O artigo tem como enfoque o regime de separação obrigatória de bens e a verificação da aplicabilidade da Súmula 377 do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Inicialmente, a abordagem trata acerca do regime de separação obrigatória de bens, com objetivo de investigar as razões de sua previsão legal e rebater o motivo de sua permanência no ordenamento jurídico. Na sequência, o teor da Súmula 377 é analisado desde a sua edição, até a sua incidência após a entrada em vigor do Código Civil de 2002. O objetivo é tecer uma análise crítica a respeito do tema, observando se ainda se mostra viável a sua observância e se há mecanismo legal para afastar a meação dos aquestos, caso este seja o desejo do casal. Neste aspecto, o pacto antenupcial aparece como um importante instrumento a assegurar a liberdade de escolha e a autonomia privada do casal.
PROSTITUIÇÃO:O IMPASSE ENTRE O LEGALISMO MORAL E O PRINCÍPIO DO DANO
Authors: Rosa Alexandre Morais da , Bispo Andrea Ferreira
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo expor os fundamentos da intervenção do Estado brasileiro na liberdade individual por meio da criminalização indireta da prostituição. O método adotado será a revisão bibliográfica, tendo por marco teórico a obra Sobre a Liberdade, de John Stuart Mill. Inicialmente será feito um breve histórico da prostituição e dos processos de criminalização dessa atividade no Brasil. Em seguida será apresentado o princípio do dano, segundo o qual o único fim pelo qual a humanidade está autorizada, individual ou coletivamente, a interferir na liberdade de ação de qualquer um de seus integrantes é a autodefesa. Será destacado que um dos fundamentos da República Federativa do Brasil é a dignidade da pessoa humana, de modo que a liberdade individual não pode ser limitada pelo legalismo moral. Assim, somente podem ser criminalizadas condutas que ofendam direitos constitucionalmente considerados invioláveis. Por fim, se irá propor a inconstitucionalidade dos crimes contra a dignidade sexual, quando os prestadores de serviços são sujeitos que optaram livremente por essa profissão, e que inexistência de regulamentação da profissão implica em tratar de modo desigual uma categoria de trabalhadores, o que gera exclusão social atentatória à dignidade da pessoa humana.
VAMOS HUMANIZAR A CONSTITUIÇÃO?
Authors: Freitas Ramiro Ferreira de
Published: February 2018

Trata-se, a presente recensão, de um breve comentário sobre a obra O humanismo como categoria constitucional, do Professor Carlos Ayres Britto, ex-Ministro do STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal), membro da Academia Brasileira de Letras Jurídicas, conferencista e renomado advogado. Procuramos enfocar aspectos originais do lineamento teórico e sutilezas peculiares na construção do pensamento que transita entre contemplativo e concreto.
Der modularisierte Mann
Authors: Böhnisch Lothar
Published: February 2018

Männlichkeit wird in der »Zweiten Moderne« gleichzeitig zurückgewiesen und doch aufgefordert. Viele Männer versuchen, damit pragmatisch umzugehen. In einer Gesellschaft, die Konflikte entpolitisiert und stattdessen modularisiert - d.h. sie in einzelne, flexible Teile differenziert -, ist auch der »Neue Mann« zugleich ein modularisierter Mann. Er verhält sich in unterschiedlichen Bereichen seines Lebens strategisch und greift jeweils auf die verschiedenen, teilweise widersprüchlichen Identitätsanteile, die Module seines Mannseins, zurück. Lothar Böhnisch stellt einen integrierten theoretischen Zugang vor, der Mannsein und Männlichkeit in einem strukturellen Zusammenhang thematisiert und relevante tiefenpsychologische sowie gesellschaftliche Dimensionen aufeinander bezieht. Dabei werden Gendertheorie und Gesellschaftstheorie innovativ vermittelt. Dieser neue Ansatz in der deutschsprachigen Männerforschung regt zu Anschlüssen an andere sozialwissenschaftliche Disziplinen an, die sich mit Men's Studies beschäftigen.
Ortlose Stimmen
Authors: Harigai Mariko
Published: February 2018

Stimmen schweben immer in einem Dazwischen. Sie übertragen nicht nur Sprache, sondern lassen als Spur auch vernehmen, woher sie ertönen, und rufen die Hörenden dorthin auf. Zugleich werden diese Orte jedoch aufgelöst. Stimmen lassen uns dabei ihre eigene Ortlosigkeit vernehmen. Anhand von Analysen von Theaterinszenierungen von Masataka Matsuda, Jossi Wieler, Robert Wilson und Jan Lauwers zeigt Mariko Harigai: Das Theater macht die Entstehungs- und Auflösungsprozesse solcher Orte durch Stimmen spürbar.
Medizin und Menschenrechte im Gefängnis
Authors: Lehner Anna Maria
Published: February 2018

Häftlinge sind allen Mitarbeitern eines Gefängnisses gegenüber ausgeliefert. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße auch für das medizinische Personal, das sich seiner Verantwortung gegenüber den Patienten bewusst sein sollte. Anna Maria Lehner gibt einen Überblick darüber, in welchen historischen Situationen Ärzte ihre Macht in Haftanstalten zugunsten von Forschung ausnutzten. Sie behandelt zudem Gegenstimmen und analysiert die Strukturen, welche den Missbrauch von Häftlingen verhindern sollten. Diese Dissertation, die u.a. auf neuesten Auswertungen von Gefängnisakten der DDR basiert, gibt einen Überblick der »Experimentierwut« der letzten 70 Jahre in Gefängnissen, sie gibt jungen Forschenden aber auch Leitlinien ethischen Verhaltens an die Hand.
Der dialektische Kleist
Authors: Ehrig Stephan
Published: February 2018

Die sogenannte »kritische Aneignung« Heinrich von Kleists in der DDR zeigt das breitgefächerte Bild einer Jahrzehnte andauernden Kulturdebatte: vom anfänglichen Ausschluss seiner Werke aus dem Kanon über ihre Instrumentalisierung für Propagandazwecke in den 1950er Jahren hin zur Vorbildnahme Kleists durch Autor_innen in den 1970ern, die ihre Autorschaftskrise in ihm spiegelten. Durch die Aufbereitung neuen Archivmaterials von Kleist-Inszenierungen und durch die literarischen Bearbeitungen von Kleists Werken und seiner Biographie kann Stephan Ehrig neue Erkenntnisse über die vielfältige Kulturszene der DDR gewinnen und einen Beitrag dazu leisten, das einseitige Verständnis von DDR-Kultur als entweder regimetreu oder regimekritisch zu überwinden.
Den Verlauf kontrollieren
Authors: Grieser Anna
Published: February 2018

In der pakistanischen Hochgebirgswüste müssen die ökonomischen sowie institutionellen Ressourcen zur Gewinnung von Wasser über gemeinschaftliche Anstrengungen erschlossen werden. In ihrer Untersuchung im zunehmend urbanen Gilgit zeichnet Anna Grieser nach, wie diese gemeinschaftlichen Beziehungen u.a. auf der Basis islamischer Konfessionen mobilisiert werden. Dies prägt die waterscape und das Leben in Gilgit, produziert Sicherheit für manche - und Unsicherheit und Ungewissheit für andere. Darüber hinaus nehmen vor Ort Vertreter des pakistanischen Staats Einfluss - auch auf die Forschung. Entsprechend analysiert die Studie die forschungspragmatische Bedeutung des Engagements eines Geheimdiensts und bietet damit einen Anstoß zum Thema »Forschung unter Überwachung«.
Curcumin and Extract of Plantago major, L Increased SPF Value of Cold Cream Base
Authors: Sugihartini Nining
Published: February 2018

Octyl methoxycinnamate as the active material of the sunscreen would be degradated after being exposed to the sunlight. Curcumin, rice flour and the  extract of Plantago  major, L was the material that could function as the sunscreen. The aim of this research was to know the SPF value and the physical characteristics of cream of the sunscreen with the active material octyl methoxycinnamate after the addition of the optimum composition of curcumin and the extract of Plantago major, L and the optimum composition of rice flour and the extract of Plantago major, L.In this research three formulas was examined, i.e. the  formula I with the active material octyl methoxycinnamate, the formula II with the active material octyl methoxycinnamate  and the optimum composition curcumin and the extract of Plantago  major, L, Formula III with the active material octyl methoxycinnamate and the optimum composition rice flour and the extract of Plantago major, L. SPF value of each formula was determined by using the Petro method (1981) using UV spectrofotometric method at a l 290 nm-320 nm. The physical characteristics i.e. the power spread, the adhesiveness and the viscosity were also examined analysed with Anova one way at a confidence level  95%. Result of the research show that SPF value increased after the addition of the optimum composition of curcumin and the extract of Plantago major, L. The physical characteristics of cream of the sunscreen do not change after the addition of the optimum composition curcumin and the extract of Plantago major, L and the optimum composition rice flour and the extract of Plantago major, L.Key words: Octyl methoxycinnamate,curcumin,flour rice,extract of Plantago major, L,sunscreen
Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera L. Increases Sensitivity of WiDr Colon Cancer Cell Line Towards 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Nur Kholid Alfan , Putri Herwandhani , Cahyani Fany Mutia , Katarina Aulia , Susidarti Ratna Asmah , Meiyanto Edy
Published: February 2018

For more than four decades, combination chemotherapy (co-chemotherapy) has been employed as a means to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy regiments. The aim of our research is to investigate the activity of Moringa oleifera L. (tanaman kelor) ethanolic extract (MEE) as a co-chemotherapy agent with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on WiDr colon cancer cell line. Evaluation of MEE potency as a co-chemotherapy agent with 5-FU was based on cytotoxic activity based on percent cell viability via MTT assay, and based on apoptosis observation via the double staining method using acrydin orange – ethidium bromide (AE) as the staining reagent.Cytotoxicity evaluation of single treatment using concentrations of 5, 20, 50, 100,125, and 250 µg/ml of MEE reduced cell viability 24 hours post-treatment. 5, 50, and 250 µg/ml of MEE was chosen as the combination concentrations with 1000 µM 5-FU. MTT assay 24 hours and 48 hours post-combination treatment showed significant cell viability reduction in comparison to those of single treatments. Apoptosis observation using the double staining method shows the presence of apoptotic cells 48 hours post combination treatment. MEE is a potential co-chemotherapy agent by increasing the sensitivity of WiDr colon cancer cell line towards 5-FU.Keywords: co-chemotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, Moringa oleifera L., colon cancer
Cyclosporine A and FK506 as Potent Inhibitors of Streptococcus intermedius Intermedilysin-Induced NFAT-1 Activation
Authors: Susilowati Heni , Okamura Hirohiko , Hirota Katsuhiko , Yoshida Kaya , Tabata Atsushi , Nagamune Hideaki , Haneji Tatsuji , Miyake Yoichiro
Published: February 2018

Cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), a member of calcineurin inhibitors, inhibit inflammation process as part of immune response. Nuclear activated T cells subfamily NFAT1 is a trascription factor responsible for the regulation of immune response genes. Streptococcus intermedius, an oral commensal bacterium, has been shown to strongly associate with liver abscess.  The S. intermedius strains produce intermedilysin (ILY), which is responsible for the bacterial virulence. Cyclosporine A and FK506 have been widely used to control NFAT activation in most of cell types, however the ability of CsA and FK506 to inhibit ILY-induced NFAT1 activation remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CsA and FK506 on NFAT1 activation caused by ILY. Human cholangiocellular cell line HuCCT1 was stimulated with various concentrations of ILY. The cell and nuclear morphological change was observed by microscopy analysis. The NFAT1 nuclear translocation that indicates its activation was detected by immunocytochemistry. The inhibitory effect of CsA and FK506 was tested after 30 min application before ILY treatment by using immunofluorescence microscope. The results showed cell and nuclear shrinkage in ILY-treated cells. The NFAT1 was translocated to the nuclei in HuCCT1 cells, and observed in dose dependent manner.  Cyclosporine A and FK506 inhibited ILY-induced NFAT1 nuclear translocation.  In conclusion, CsA and FK506 may act as potent inflammation control agents in S. intermedius ILY-infected cells.Keywords: Cyclosporine A, FK506, NFAT1, intermedilysin
Molecular Docking of Robustaflavone Derivatives on Pi3k Protein Target and The Correlation With Its Cytotoxic Activity on Cancer Cells
Authors: Handayani Sri , Udin Zalinar
Published: February 2018

Robustaflavone derivatives have cytotoxic effect on cancer cell. Inhibition of PI3K on cancer cell has correlation with apoptotic induction. The aim of this research is to observe interaction from robustaflavone derivatives on PI3K receptor that may give contribution to the cytotoxic effect of the compounds on cancer cell line. Geometric optimization of robustaflavone derivatives structured was done used Hyperchem 7.5 software. Arguslab 4.01 software with GAdock method applied for the docking step. The docking result showed that robustaflavone 7,4',7''- trimethyl ether (RTE) has affinity on PI3K target receptor which gave the lowest Gibbs free energy (∆G -10,855 kcal/mol).Keywords: robustaflavone, PI3K, cancer, docking
Combination of Doxorubicin and Areca Ethanolic Extract Induces Apoptosis by Increasing Caspase-3 Level on Breast Cancer (T47D) Cells
Authors: Rahmi Fitria , Meiyanto Edy , Susidarti Ratna Asmah
Published: February 2018

Despite causing many side effects, doxorubicin (Dox) is still one of breast cancer drug of choice. Thus, combination of chemotherapy is developed in order to decrease doxorubicin regimen dose. The aim of this research is to examine the combination effect of doxorubicin (dox) and areca extract (AE) on T47D human breast cancer cells. The cytotoxic activity was determined using MTT assay. The combination index (CI) of the combination treatment was calculated to determine the effects (synergistic, additive or antagonistic). The combination application of dox (6-22nM) and AE (8-30µg/ml) on T47D cells showed synergistic (CI<0.9) or additive effect (CI=0.9-1.1). The effective combination of dox-AE was 6 nM - 8 µg/ml on CI<0.5. Apoptosis induction of AE solely and its combination with dox was then observed using double staining method. Moreover, expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein which mediated apoptosis, were observed using immunocytochemistry. Combination of AE and Dox increased expression of Caspase-3 but did not increase expression of Bax. This result showed AE increase the effectiveness of doxorubicin against T47D cells.Keywords: Breast cancer, doxorubicin, areca extract, T47D cells
Hesperidin Increases Cytotoxic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil on WiDr Cells
Authors: Gilang Yurista , Hermawan Adam , Fitriasari Aditya , Jenie Riris Istighfari
Published: February 2018

Therapy of colon cancer by using 5-FU often causes problems of resistance. This encourages the development of co-chemotherapy agent. One of the compounds that could potentially be used as a co-chemotherapy agent is hesperidin. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic effects of hesperidin, 5-FU and the combination of them, as well as apoptosis induction in colon cancer cells WiDr. Cytotoxic effect of hesperidin, 5-FU, and its combination were observed using MTT assay. Observation of apoptosis was done by double staining method using ethidium bromide-acridin orange. Until 48 hours incubation, hesperidin showed no cytotoxic effects. Cytotoxic effects of 5-FU was observed after 48 hours with the IC50 value of 422 µM. However, hesperidin improved the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU at 48 hour incubation. Either single treatment of hesperidin 200µM or 5-FU 1500 µM did not trigger apoptosis, but combination of them led to the emergence of signs of apoptosis. Based on this study,it can be concluded thathesperidin is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapy agent of 5-FU on colon cancer but still need further study on its molecular mechanisms.Keywords : hesperidin, 5-fluorouracil, WiDr cells, cytotoxic, apoptosis
Ethanolic Extract of Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Wood Performs as Chemosensitizing Agent Through Apoptotic Induction on Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Khamsita Rahmi , Hermawan Adam , Putri Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas , Meiyanto Edy
Published: February 2018

Resistance to chemotherapy is believed to cause treatment failure of the patient cancer. Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) has been proven to possess anticancer activity on some cancer cell lines. The aimed of this study to develop ethanolic extract of secang wood (EES) as chemosensitizing agent through apoptotic induction on breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Extraction of secang was done by using maceration with 70 % ethanol. Single and combinatorial treatment of EES and doxorubicin on MCF-7 breast cancer cells were analyzed by using MTT assay to determine the IC50 value and combination index (CI) to evaluate the combinatorial effect. Apoptosis was analyzed with flowcytometry (annexin V).  EES showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC50 value of 37 µg/ml), while combinatorial treatment showed that 7 concentrations was found to be synergist with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells. Combinatorial treatment also triggered apoptotic instead of single treatment. Based on this result, we conclude that ethanolic extract of secang wood is potential as chemosensitizing agent in breast cancer.Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan L, MCF-7 cells, doxorubicin, apoptosis.
Protective efficacy of various carbonyl compounds and their metabolites, and nutrients against acute toxicity of some cyanogens in rats: biochemical and physiological studies
Authors: Bhattacharya Rahul , Gujar Niranjan L , Kumar Deo , John Jebin Jacob
Published: February 2018

Cyanogens are widely used in industries and their toxicity is mainly due to cyanogenesis. The antidotes for cyanide are usually instituted for the management of cyanogen poisoning. The present study reports the protective efficacy of 14 carbonyl compounds and their metabolites, and nutrients (1.0 g/kg; oral; +5 min) against acute oral toxicity of acetonitrile (ATCN), acrylonitrile (ACN), malononitrile (MCN), propionitrile (PCN), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), succinonitrile (SCN), and potassium ferricyanide (PFCN) in rats. Maximum protection index was observed for alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG) against MCN and PCN (5.60), followed by dihydroxyacetone (DHA) against MCN (2.79). Further, MCN (0.75 LD50) caused significant increase in cyanide concentration in brain, liver and kidney and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity in brain and liver, which favorably responded to A-KG and DHA treatment. Up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by MCN, PCN and SNP, and uncoupling protein by PCN and SNP observed in the brain was abolished by A-KG administration. However, no DNA damage was detected in the brain. MCN and SNP significantly decreased the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and neuromuscular transmission, which were resolved by A-KG. The study suggests a beneficial effect of A-KG in the treatment of acute cyanogen poisoning.
Animal models of maternal depression for monitoring neurodevelopmental changes occurring in dams and offspring
Authors: Bogi Eszter , Belovicova Kristína , Csatlosova Kristína , Dubovicky Michal
Published: February 2018

Depression is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening forms of mental illness affecting about 20% of the population. Depressive disorder as a biochemical phenomenon, was first recognized in the mid-20th century of research, however the etiology of this disease is still not well understood. Although the need to investigate depressive disorders has emerged from the needs of clinical practice, there are many preclinical studies, which brought new insights into this field of research. During experimental work it was crucial to develop appropriate animal models, where the neurohumoral mechanism was similar to humans. In the past decades, several animal models of maternal depression have been developed. We describe the three most popular rodent models of maternal depression which are based on 1. stress prior to gestation, 2. prenatal stress and 3. early life stress. The above-mentioned animal models appear to fulfill many criteria for a relevant animal model of depression; they alter the regulation of the HPA, induce signs of depression-like behavior and several antidepressant treatments can reverse the state induced by maternal stress. Although, they are not able to model all aspects of maternal depression, they are useful models for monitoring neurodevelopmental changes occurring in dams and offspring.
Animal tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in rats
Authors: Belovicova Kristina , Bogi Eszter , Csatlosova Kristina , Dubovicky Michal
Published: February 2018

An animal model of human behavior represents a complex of cognitive and/or emotional processess, which are translated from animals to humans. A behavioral test is developed primarily and specifically to verify and support a theory of cognition or emotion; it can also be used to verify a theory of a psychopathology, but it is not developed for a particular type of psychopathology. The paper reviews tests commonly used in novel drug discovery research. Focus is especially on tests which can evaluate anxiety-like (open-field test, novelty suppressed feeding, elevated plus maze, light/dark box, stressinduced hyperthermia) and depression-like behaviors (forced swim test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test) as they represent an important methodological tool in pre-clinical as well as in behavioral toxicology studies.
The effects of berberine on reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils and in cell-free assays
Authors: Kassab Rami B. , Vasicek Ondrej , Ciz Milan , Lojek Antonin , Perecko Tomas
Published: February 2018

The health benefits of berberine have been recognized for years. Even so, its effects on human neutrophils, the first line of immune defense, have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of berberine on the human neutrophil oxidative burst. Reactive oxygen species production was analyzed by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. The analysis was performed in spontaneous and stimulated (phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan particles (OZP)) whole blood and isolated neutrophils in the presence or absence of berberine. The effects of berberine on oxidant production in cell-free assays were evaluated using luminescence (H2O2-peroxidase-luminol) and fluorescence (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity – ORAC) techniques. Berberine decreased the production of reactive oxygen species in human whole blood and isolated neutrophils stimulated with either PMA or OZP with a different efficiency (EC50 was 69 μM and 197 μM for PMA and OZP, respectively). The effect was more pronounced in isolated neutrophils. Cell-free assays showed the antioxidant activity of berberine against peroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Based on our results, we suggest that the effects of berberine on reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils are due to its antioxidant activity.
Monotherapy of experimental metabolic syndrome: II. Study of cardiovascular effects
Authors: Knezl Vladimír , Sotníková Ružena , Brnoliaková Zuzana , Stankovičová Tatiana , Bauer Viktor , Bezek Štefan
Published: February 2018

Metabolic syndrome belongs to the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in cardiovascular system induced by high cholesterol and high fat diet (HCHF) in HTG rats and their influence by a pyridoindole antioxidant – SMe1EC2 (S). The effects of S were compared with those of atorvastatin (A). Male HTG rats were fed HCHF (1% cholesterol + 7.5% lard) for 4 weeks. S and A were administered p.o., 50 mg/kg b.w. Following experimental groups were used: Wistar rats (W), hypertriglyceridemic rats (HTG), HTG rats fed HCHF (CHOL), HTG+S (S-HTG), CHOL+S (S-CHOL), and CHOL+A (A-CHOL). Values of blood pressure (BP) and selected ECG parameters were monitored in conscious animals, functions of the isolated heart and aorta were analyzed ex vivo. At the end of the experiment, systolic (sBP) and diastolic (dBP) blood pressure was increased in HTG and CHOL. S and A decreased BP in all treated groups. Accordingly with BP changes, the aortic endothelial function of CHOL was damaged. Both S and A administration ameliorated the endothelium-dependent relaxation to values of W. PQ and QTc intervals were prolonged in CHOL, while the treatment with S or A improved ECG findings. Prodysrhythmogenic threshold was decreased significantly in CHOL and both treatments returned it to the control values. In conclusion, HCHF increased BP, impaired endothelial relaxation of the aorta and potentiated susceptibility of myocardium to dysrhythmias. The effect of S on the changes induced by HCHF diet was more pronounced than that of A.
Teasing out the role of age and exposure in EFL learners’ lexical profiles: A comparison of children and adults
Authors: Agustin-Llach M.Pilar , Jiménez-Catalán Rosa M.
Published: February 2018

The present paper examines the lexical profiles of children and adult EFL learners in an attempt to untangle the roles of age and hours of exposure and their effect on lexical knowledge. Both age and exposure time have generally been acknowledged as relevant factors influencing foreign language acquisition, and vocabulary learning specifically. Participants in the study, who share the same amount of exposure to the target language but differ in age, were asked to write an informal letter introducing themselves. Their letters were scrutinized and mean production of tokens and types was found together with word frequencies and some lexical inconsistencies. In addition, the children participating in the study were enrolled in a CLIL program to match their hours of instruction with those of the adults. Their lexical profiles are characterized by fewer tokens and types and words of lower frequency related to the fields of school, home and science, the CLIL subject. They also use more cognates and commit more lexical inconsistencies than adult learners, who in turn produce more general words in longer letters. We interpret our results in light of the relevant role of age and instructional program.