bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal considerations regarding the blood transfusion refusal in cases of minor patients
Authors: Tanase Alina Doina , Petrescu Emanuela Lidia , Sinescu Cosmin , Negrutiu Meda Lavinia , Cojocariu Andreea , Pit Daniel , Miok Kristian , Bojoga Daliana Emauela
Published: August 2024

(1) Background:
This study examines the issue of malpractice accusations related to medical procedures in case of minor patients belonging to specific religious sects, focusing on both legal and ethical perspectives. The analysis particularly addresses the consequences of disregarding the refusal of legal guardians to consent to blood transfusions.

(2) Methods: The present study is analyzing the opinion of doctors that practie in various hospital units regarding a series of aspects related to the refusal of blood transfusions in the case of minor patients who belong to certain religious sect. These aspects mainly targeted their level of awareness regarding the relevant legislation, the incidence rate of such cases in practice, and the risk of malpractice accusations. For this observational-prospective study, a questionnaire consisting of ten closed-ended questions was delivered to fifty doctors. Before starting to complete the questionnaire, the doctors were asked for their consent to participate in the study, being informed about its purpose. Doctors answers were analysed and interpredeted in order to revel if doctors are informed about the legal aspects, thei protection offered by the law and their attitude regarding the boold transfusions for this cathegory of patients.

(3) Results: The results of this study show that most doctors are aware of the Romanian legislation regarding the rules on the expression of consent to the medical act in the case of minor patients by the latter's legal representatives, but they feel threatened by the danger of being exposed to accusations of malpractice when they are put in the situation of providing medical care to minor patients who belong to a certain religious cult, because they are faced with the vehement refusal of their family members who do not accept the idea of medicine based on blood transfusions. Although there is this rule from which the legal representatives of minor patients belonging to a particular religious cult do not deviate, the results showed that doctors believe that the best interests of those seeking medical services must be emphasised, prioritising the fundamental values that protect life or health.

(4) Conclusions: Protecting the best interest of minor patients by prioritizing their health should be the main guideline for any legal representative when they need to make a decision regarding the medical care. From a legal perspective, however, it must be accepted that there is no unified viewpoint on this extremely delicate and complex issue, with voices condemning the physician's attitude of violating the will of the legal representatives of minor patients, adherents of a certain religious sect, by applying blood transfusion-based treatments.
Metodología activa aprendizaje basado en proyectos: Cartilla para docentes
Authors: Jara Ramírez Milton Andrés , Barrada Soto Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Conjunto de tareas de aprendizaje basada en la resolución de preguntas y/o problemas, que implica al alumno en el diseño y planificación del aprendizaje, en la toma de decisiones y en procesos de investigación, dándoles la oportunidad para trabajar de manera relativamente autónoma durante la mayor parte del tiempo, que culmina en la realización de un producto final presentado ante los demás.
Metodología activa design thinking: Cartilla para estudiantes
Authors: Jara Ramírez Milton Andrés , Barrada Soto Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Es una metodología constructivista, colaborativa e integradora, que favorece la obtención de aprendizajes significativos en ambientes vivenciales. Permite la resolución de problemas de diferentes contextos con el apoyo herramientas y técnicas de creatividad que estimulan el pensamiento divergente y convergente y que se emplean en las fases de empatía, definición, ideación, prototipado, testeo y reflexión.
Metodología activa gamificación: Cartilla para docentes
Authors: Jara Ramírez Milton Andrés , Barrada Soto Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

La gamificación es una metodología pedagógica, que busca hacer de la enseñanza y sus procesos una experiencia que motive tanto a docentes como estudiantes a compartir espacios de enseñanza diferentes, haciendo uso de la lúdica como medio conductor para crear en los estudiantes aprendizajes significativos, por medio de juegos dirigidos con un sentido pedagógico y formativo, esto hace que los espacios educativos y los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje se tornen en experiencias divertidas, dejando de la lado la enseñanza tradicional.
PENYULUHAN PRE-OPERATIF DAN LABIOPALATOSCHIZIS
Authors: Nanda Nur Fauziah  , Wirawan Anggorotomo  , Moch. Alia Febriansyah  , Lintang Dhyta  , Noviana Pratiwi  , Ainayya Dinari  , Nadya Salsabila
Published: August 2024

Pre-operative management is one of the stages that must be carried out by an anesthesiologist, this is the initial stage that is carried out which determines whether the patient will be operated on, whether he can carry out the operation or not. Labiopalatoschizis or cleft lip is a congenital condition characterized by a gap in the lip accompanied or without a gap in the oral cavity (pallatum). Knowledge of pre-operative procedures is still often ignored by some patients, especially instructions for fasting and knowledge of labiopalaoschizis is still lacking in the community, especially regarding causes, complications, etc. The purpose of this education is to provide more knowledge about the importance of following instructions before starting surgery, and to provide a general explanation regarding labiopalatoschizis. The implementation method used is counseling for parents/guardians of children who will have surgery, followed by a question and answer session. The results found that 70% of the public did not understand the importance of pre-operative measures and regarding labiopalatoschizis.
SAFARI KB PENGGUNAAN IUD DI DESA AROSBAYA BANGKALAN
Authors: Suryaningsih Merlyna , Soliha Soliha , Lailiyah Siti Rochimatul
Published: August 2024

Family planning is an effort to increase awareness of community participation through maturing age at marriage, regulation, birth, fostering, family resilience and improving family welfare to create a happy and prosperous small family (Yuhedi and Kurniawati, 2013). Based on the results of information obtained from the Arosbaya Health Center, the prevalence of Family Planning (KB) in Bangkalan Regency in 2017 reached 72.97 percent. In 2018 the priority level is 71.99 percent. Meanwhile, from 2019 to April, the prevalence rate is 67.88 numbers. From year to year, community participation in family planning programs tends to decline.
 
It is known that the prevalence is a measure of the level of participation and public awareness. Privalence is the percentage of fertile age couples (PUS) participating in family planning. If the percentage is high, the level of public awareness is also high. However, in Bangkalan, the participation rate is still low. However, the Family Planning Office for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KB P3A) in Bangkalan Regency is actively conducting socialization to the community.
 
From the existing problems, we are planning to go on a family planning IUD safari, namely through the installation of a free IUD. The target of family planning counseling and counseling is fertile age couples and community leaders, with a total of approximately 50 people. Meanwhile, the free IUD is intended for women of reproductive age who wish to regulate pregnancy. The highlight of this family planning safari was held for 2 days. The output target to be achieved from this community service is the publication of reputable scientific journals.
PEMERIKSAAN KADAR HB DAN PENYULUHAN TENTANG ANEMIA SERTA ANTISIPASINYA PADA SISWA SMA AL HIDAYAH
Authors: Zainiyah Hamimatus , Abror Yogi Khoirul
Published: August 2024

Anemia is a condition in which the components in the blood, namely hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood, are less than normal levels. Determination of anemia can also be done by measuring the hematocrit (Ht), which on average is equivalent to three times the hemoglobin level (Tarwoto, 2010). Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 states that of all adolescents in developing countries the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls is 53.7%. The results of the Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2013, showed that the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia was 21.7%. Anemia patients aged 5-14 years were 26.4% and patients aged 15-24 years were 18.4% (Kemenkes RI, 2014). Based on a survey with interviews with 10 female students, 7 students experienced weakness, fatigue and lack of concentration on learning during menstruation and on physical examination showed pale conjunctiva. This is due to poor diet and insufficient iron intake.
The method used to carry out community service is by conducting a preliminary study conducted at Al Hidayah High School, then conducting interviews about the understanding of anemia and how to anticipate it then making a time contract with students. The activity was continued with counseling and training in preparing a balanced menu, then continued with anamnese and examination of HB levels carried out at Al Hidayah High School.
Of the 120 students, only 24 students showed signs and symptoms of anemia. Only students who showed signs and symptoms of anemia were tested for HB levels. While participating in the activities the students were very enthusiastic about the material presented, the students were also able to demonstrate compiling a balanced menu. The results of early detection of 24 students showed that 54.2% were not anemic and 45.8% had anemia.
KURANGI EMESIS GRAVIDARUM DENGAN AROMA JERUK NIPIS
Authors: Zainiyah Zakkiyatus , Wahyung tiyas Dwi
Published: August 2024

Emesis gravidarum is vomiting in pregnant women (Medical Dictionary). This situation is usually preceded by nausea (Nausea). In the United States and Canada between 400,000 and 350,000 pregnant women experience the incidence of nausea and vomiting each year in Western countries and urban dwellers. According to Hernawati, et al. (2014) in Indonesia, there are 69.2% of pregnant women who experience nausea and vomiting and 30.8% do not experience nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, from 52 samples taken. Based on a survey through interviews conducted on 2 pregnant women at PMB Masrufah, SST, Jaddih, Bangkalan, said that their nausea and vomiting would be reduced when using kissed lime.
The method used to carry out community service is by collecting data on the number of pregnant women in PMB Masrufah, SST, Jaddih, then conducting interviews with mothers about understanding nausea and vomiting and handling nausea and vomiting, then making a time contract with the mother. The activity was continued with nausea and vomiting counseling, training in the management of nausea and vomiting by giving the aroma of lime which was held at PMB Masrufah, SST, Jaddih.
Participants in the activity were 35 pregnant women but there were 20 pregnant women who experienced emesis gravidarum at PMB Masrufah, SST, Jaddih, Bangkalan who participated in the training activity of giving lime aroma to pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. While participating in the activity, the mother was very enthusiastic about the material presented. The mother was also able to demonstrate the aroma therapy of lime. The result of the activity is a decrease in the intensity of nausea and vomiting after being given lime aroma therapy.
PEMERIKSAAN DINI GOLONGAN DARAH PADA SISWA SMKN 2 BANGKALAN
Authors: Fahmi Norma Farizah , Haris M Shofwan
Published: August 2024

Blood is one of the most important components in the body, considering its function as a means of transportation. Lack of blood in the body can spur a number of diseases starting from anemia, hypotension, heart attacks, and several other diseases. Law number 36 of 2009 concerning health states that a health service facility is a tool and / or place used to carry out promotional, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health service efforts which are carried out by the government, local government and / or the community (Kemenkes RI , 2015). Based on a survey through interviews with students of SMKN 2 Bangkalan that had been conducted, it was found that many students at SMKN 2 Bangkalan still did not know their blood type.
The method used to carry out community service is by collecting data on the number of students at SMKN 2 Bangkalan, then conducting interviews with students about their blood group and then making a time contract with the students. The activity was continued with a blood group examination for santri santri who did not know their blood type.
The participants of the activity were 37 students at SMKN 2 Bangkalan who took part in the blood group examination. While participating in the activities, the students were very enthusiastic about the activities being carried out. The results of the activities most of the gender of the students were male as many as 21 people (56.8%). And, most of the students' blood groups were O as many as 13 people (35.2%)
PELATIHAN PAKET SUKSES ASI DAN PEMBERIAN MPASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DAN DETEKSI DINI STUNTING DI PAUD ANNA HUSADA BANGKALAN
Authors: Noviana Ulva , Hasinuddin M. , Ekawati Heni
Published: August 2024

Stunting or also known as "short" is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to chronic malnutrition, especially in the first 1,000 days of life. The condition of stunting in infancy can cause developmental disorders of cognitive and psychomotor functions and decreased productivity as adults (Ramayanus, et al., 2018). Based on a UNICEF report in Indonesia, an estimated 7.8 million children under five years of age are stunted. Indonesia is one of the top 5 countries with a high number of children under the age of five who are stunted. The results of the 2015 Nutrition Status Monitoring (PSG) in Indonesia showed that the prevalence of stunting children aged 0-23 months was 23.1%. Based on a survey through interviews with parents of students at PAUD ANNA Husada, it was found that many parents of PAUD Anna Husada’s students still did not know about the prevention of stunting and early detection of stunting.
Participants in this activity were 35 mothers and 35 toddlers, PAUD Anna Husada, who participated in training activities and early detection of growth and development. While participating in the activity, the mother was very enthusiastic about the material presented. She was also able to take height measurements and enter into tables to detect stunting. The results of early detection of stunting were found that 5 children under the short category and 1 under the very short category. Mothers also understand the concept of preventing stunting through lactation management and complementary feeding.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN STATUS KESEHATAN PADA BAYI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI IMUNISASI
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Eliyana Yayuk , Rusady Yulia Paramita
Published: August 2024

Immunization is a very efficient and effective public health program to prevent the occurrence of dangerous diseases. This activity aims to increase maternal and health cadre knowledge about immunization during the Covid-19 pandemic.    So that the mother still wants to give complete immunizations to the baby and does not worry about coming to the health center or posyandu to the village hall to immunize the baby. In the end, the degree of health of infants can still be improved even though it is still the Covid-19 pandemic.    This activity is carried out by providing education and training on all matters related to immunization during the Covid-19 pandemic. From the results of the evaluation of this activity it was found that there has been an increase in maternal and cadre knowledge about immunization during the pandemic.    The hope of this activity is that immunization activities continue without any obstacles, where the mother still wants to bring her baby to be immunized and feel safe and comfortable.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMANFAATAN BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE
Authors: Nurmansyah Dian
Published: August 2024

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat walaupun sudah dikendalikan lebih dari 20 tahun. Nyamuk Aedes sp sebagai vektor dapat membawa penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus demam berdarah dengue. Program pengendalian vector penyakit terutama berbasis nyamuk  telah dilaksanakan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan melalui berbagai program, seperti pemberian bubuk Abate. Penggunaan Abate terkadang tidak dapat dikontrol dengan baik, dengan alasan perubahan kualitas air baik rasa, bau dan warna. Biji papaya yang notabene dikatakan limbah ternyata dapat diolah dan digunakan sebagai anti jentik nyamuk alami yang aman dan murah. Buah pepaya mengandung zat atau unsur senyawa yang sering disebut papain. Papain mempunyai sifat sebagai anti toksik walaupun dalam dosis rendah, apabila masuk ke dalam tubuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti akan menimbulkan reaksi kimia dalam proses metabolisme tubuh yang dapat menyebabkan terhambatnya hormon pertumbuhan sehingga larva tidak bisa tumbuh menjadi instar IV. Bahkan akibat dari ketidakmampuan larva untuk tumbuh akibatnya terjadi kematian. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan biji pepaya sebagai biolarvasida alami untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah dengue yang diperantarai oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti
PEMBERDAYAAN KADER POSYANDU LANSIA TENTANG SENAM KAKI DIABETES MELLITUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PKM KAYON KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: T Berthiana , Mewo Meity K.
Published: August 2024

An elderly person who is over 60 years old. The most common problem faced by the elderly is health problems, one of which is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. The most common complications experienced by diabetic mellitus are complications in the legs that result in foot sores (diabetic ulcers). These complications are prevented by doing diabetic foot gymnastics regularly to facilitate blood circulation.The results of community service conducted showed an increase in the knowledge of participants (elderly posyandu cadres) based on the results of pre tests and post tests after the empowerment of diabetic mellitus foot gymnastics. Of the number of participants (16 people) after the question and answer lecture and demonstration and re-demonstration was on the results of the highest score of 8 pre-tests as many as 2 people and the highest post test results of 9 as many as 3 people, based on these results participants understood the importance of doing diabetic mellitus foot gymnastics.
PROGRAM KERJA PAGAR BARU (PENDAMPINGAN KELUARGA SIAGA TUBERKULOSIS PARU)
Authors: Lutfi Mohammad , Mayangsari Mulia
Published: August 2024

Pulmonary TB disease suffered by individuals in their lives will have a negative impact, both physically, mentally and socially. TB also has other negative impacts, socially stigmatized and even ostracized by the community. According to Miller (2018), rejection and shame often prevent people from seeking treatment and completing treatment. So far, the implementation of care, treatment and prevention of TB transmission is mostly done to the sufferer himself. The patient must be responsible for all his care and treatment for his recovery. The involvement of family members is still not optimal or only as PMO (Drug Swallowing Supervisor).
 
Families often do not know the actions they should take to help the healing process and prevention of TB disease. Even if there is family involvement in TB treatment at home, this has not been accompanied by the provision of adequate knowledge regarding actions that must be taken by the family by health workers. The less than optimal role of the family in providing care and prevention of TB disease transmission often has an impact on other family members. People with TB can transmit the disease to family members and people around them, as a result, the number of people with pulmonary TB tends to increase.
 
Based on the results of the study that was carried out on 15-17 June 2022 in Bajeman Village, it was found that he had TB (Tuberculosis). Therefore, the new fence work program (assistance for pulmonary tuberculosis standby families) is expected to be a program for the advancement of health in Bajeman Village.
 
This community service In general, this activity aims to create families and TB sufferers who can prevent and reduce TB disease so as to reduce the death rate due to TB and others. With this activity, it is hoped that people at risk of TB will know about TB disease, how it is transmitted, its treatment and prevention
PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN ORGANISASI PADA KARYAWAN RSIA HIKMAH SAWI
Authors: Maduratna Enggal Sari , Firdaus Nailufar
Published: August 2024

RSIA Hikmah has a minimum number of human resources so there are several personnel with more than one workload. The division of workload is based on Presidential Regulation no. 77 of 2015 about guidelines for hospital organization. The community service team chose a theme on community service regarding Organizational Management Training due to incompatibility in the number of human resources with the needs of Hikmah Sawi RSIA management implementation. The methods used are pre test, post test and simulation with providing material about organizational management.
Results of the post test scores on the average position overview item are 70, job description items are 50 and job requirements items are 50. While the post test scores after giving the material average on job overview items are 85, job description items are 80 and job requirements are 80. The difference of each item are job overview items 15, job descriptions 25 and job requirements 25. This shows a pretty good improvement on all three items, particularly on the simulation results of preparing organizational structure.
Participants enthusiasm for the knowledge of preparing organizational structures and submitted job description is a basic requirement for the new organizational structure improvement, to be more effective in achieving the vision and mission of RSIA Hikmah Sawi.
AN INTEGRATED POSYANDU ASSISTANCE (SUPPORT PMT AND EDUCATION ON CHILD NUTRITION) IN MLAJAH VILLAGE
Authors: Lailiyah Siti Rochimatul
Published: August 2024

Currently, Indonesia is a country with a high prevalence of stunting compared to other middle-income countries. Toddlers/Baduta (Babies under the age of two) who are stunted will have a level of intelligence that is not optimal, making children more susceptible to disease and in the future can be at risk of decreasing productivity levels. In the end, stunting broadly will hamper economic growth, increase poverty and widen inequality. If this situation is not resolved, it can affect Indonesia's development performance both in terms of economic growth, poverty and inequality(Kemenkes, 2020) .
Stunting is still a national issue that still needs serious attention with the prevalence of stunting under five of 30.8% in 2018. This is related to the quality of Indonesia's human resources. The 2021 family data census found data on 21.9 million families at risk of stunting. Still through community empowerment activities in the form of posyandu which are carried out by PKK mothers in almost every village. Posyandu is a form of health effort originating from the community, in which it is implemented from, by and with the community, Posyandu has a very important role and has long been proven to be able to overcome problems related to maternal and child health, nutrition, immunization, infectious diseases and has an effect on reducing maternal and child mortality (Ministry of Health, 2011). One form of early detection efforts is monitoring the growth of children's health at the posyandu in the form of weighing toddlers every month, in this case the mother of the toddler visits every month to monitor the growth and development of the toddler at the posyandu, providing PMT and health education on nutrition for children
PENYULUHAN TENTANG KELUARGA BERENCANA (KB) DI DESA PAKONG PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR TAHUN 2022
Authors: Yunita Emi , Soleha Imroatus
Published: August 2024

The background for holding this family planning program outreach is the fact that there are still many people who do not fully know what family planning is and the types of contraceptives. The purpose of this activity is to increase participants' knowledge and interest in the concept of family planning (KB) programs and types of contraceptives. The material presented is the definition of family planning, purpose, benefits and types of contraceptives. The results obtained after the implementation of this activity were that the participants' knowledge and understanding of the family planning (KB) program increased. Therefore, with this family planning program education as an effort to increase public knowledge and awareness about the importance of making family planning (KB) programs successful.
Keywords: Education, women of childbearing age, contraception
PENYULUHAN TENTANG MENGHADAPI PERSALINAN PADA IBU HAMIL DI DESA PAKONG KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Aida Maulida Alfiani , Emi Emi Yunita
Published: August 2024

Persalinan merupakan suatu proses dimana seorang wanita melahirkan bayi yang diawali dengan kontraksi uterus yang teratur dan memuncak pada saat pengeluaran bayi sampai dengan pengeluaran plasenta. Dalam persalinan membutuhkan persiapan misalnya, persiapan yang harus dibawa ke rumah sakit pada saat menjelang persalinan. Tujuan dari kegiatan penyuluhan ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang persiapan persalinan dan mengetahui tanda-tanda persalinan. Dari 15 peserta ibu hamil terdapat 9 peserta yang usia kehamilan trimester tiga dan seorang primigravida yang tingkat pengetahuaannya masih rendah tentang persiapan persalinan, sehingga kami melakukan kegiatan penyuluhan di Polindes Dusun Balanggar Desa Pakong. Bahan yang digunakan menggunakan media leaflet dengan metode berupa penyuluhan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini, meningkatkan ibu hamil trimester tiga terutama primigravida agar pengetahuan tentang persalinan meningkat. Penyuluhan persiapan persalinan ini menjadi peran penting bagi ibu hamil di trimester tiga khususnya seorang primigravida yang belum banyak mengetahui tentang persiapan persalinan.
Cuidados Paliativos em Pacientes Oncológicos: Estratégias e Desafios no Manejo da Qualidade de Vida
Authors: Silva Vanessa Ferreira Belo da , Fontoura Victor Martins , Lopes Márcia Costa , Lopez Bianca dos Santos , Santos Maria Carolina Soares Barbosa dos , Fernandes Maria Irismar Rabelo , Oliveira Camila Melo de Freitas , Oliveira Maria Eduarda Castro Dantas de , Oliveira Ivo Sousa , Sousa Hilza Beatriz Barbosa de , Nepomuceno Gabryela Canuto , Araújo Marina Régis Lucena , Leal Maria Eduarda Oliveira
Published: August 2024

O artigo aborda a comparação de diferentes métodos de tratamento oncológico, como quimioterapia, radioterapia e imunoterapia, com ênfase nos efeitos adversos e no impacto dessas modalidades na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A pesquisa destaca a importância de estratégias personalizadas e multidisciplinares para otimizar o tratamento e melhorar o bem-estar dos pacientes oncológicos pautando-se em uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica retrospectiva e explicativa, utilizando publicações dos últimos quinze anos através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e das bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO, MEDLINE e Google Acadêmico. Os resultados revelam que a quimioterapia está associada a efeitos adversos mais severos e generalizados, comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A radioterapia, embora cause efeitos colaterais localizados, também pode afetar significativamente a qualidade de vida dependendo da área tratada. A imunoterapia, por sua vez, mostrou-se mais favorável, oferecendo uma melhor qualidade de vida com menos efeitos colaterais sistêmicos. Por fim, conclui-se que a escolha do método de tratamento oncológico deve ser cuidadosamente personalizada, levando em consideração os efeitos adversos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de meningite em crianças no Paraná entre o período de 2019 e 2023
Authors: Pohl Amanda , Osório Cavalli Luciana , Peres Juliana , Vendrametto Ana Júlia , Franzoi Mezomo Marcelo , Allievi Dias Pedro José
Published: August 2024

O estudo epidemiológico realizado no Paraná entre 2019 e 2023 analisou 5.104 casos de meningite, dos quais 2.671 ocorreram em crianças de 0 a 14 anos. A condição, caracterizada pela inflamação das membranas cerebrais, representa uma significativa carga para os serviços de saúde, especialmente na faixa pediátrica, onde é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade. Os dados revelaram uma predominância da doença em crianças menores de um ano, responsáveis por 42,4% dos casos estudados. A faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos também apresentou uma alta incidência, com aproximadamente 30% dos registros. Esses números refletem a vulnerabilidade desses grupos devido à imaturidade do sistema imunológico e à exposição frequente a ambientes fechados. Em relação à etiologia, as meningites virais foram as mais frequentes, correspondendo a 64,95% dos casos analisados, seguidas pelas bacterianas com 21%. A análise por sexo mostrou uma ligeira predominância de casos em crianças do sexo masculino (59,19%) em comparação com o sexo feminino (40,8%). Quanto à raça, houve um predomínio significativo de crianças brancas (69,84%) entre os casos notificados, com menor representação de crianças pardas, pretas, amarelas e indígenas. Em termos de evolução clínica, a maioria dos casos resultou em alta hospitalar (92,54%), destacando-se uma taxa de mortalidade baixa (2,5%). Esse cenário sugere uma resposta eficaz ao tratamento, provavelmente impulsionada pelo uso de antibioticoterapia e melhores práticas médicas. Em conclusão, o estudo sublinha a importância contínua das campanhas de vacinação e medidas preventivas para reduzir a incidência de meningite, especialmente em grupos vulneráveis como crianças pequenas. Além disso, ressalta a necessidade de monitoramento epidemiológico constante para adaptar estratégias de saúde pública e garantir uma resposta eficaz à doença.
Complicações hipertensivas na gravidez
Authors: De Moura Fernandes João Paulo , Queiroz de Castro Maria Cláudia , Gregório Batista Lucas , Izaias Novais Maria Fernanda , Silva Igor Maciel , Carvalho Pereira Luís Felipe , Batista de Oliveira Francisco Davi , Alves Vieira Sophia , Dos Santos Colares Ana Lara , Da Silva Felipe Bernardo , Leite de Figueiredo Patrícia Rosane
Published: August 2024

A Síndrome HELLP é uma condição grave que afeta gestantes, caracterizada por hemólise, elevação das enzimas hepáticas e trombocitopenia. O presente estudo busca explorar a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, opções de tratamento e de prevenção dessa síndrome, em relação à hipertensão gestacional e pré-eclâmpsia. Foi realizada a busca de artigos nas bases PubMed, SciELO e no Periódico CAPES, com os descritores “Pré-Eclâmpsia”, “HELLP Syndrome” e “Hypertension Syndrome”, no recorte temporal de 2004 a 2024. A síndrome geralmente associa-se a pré-eclâmpsia ou eclâmpsia, porém, possui etiologia incerta, acreditando-se que envolva inflamação sistêmica e resposta imunológica exacerbada. A prevalência é entre 0,5% e 0,9%, com a maioria dos casos ocorrendo no terceiro trimestre. A mortalidade pode atingir a faixa de 24%, com uma taxa de morte perinatal de 40%. A sintomatologia comum envolve cefaléia, náusea, dor epigástrica e distúrbios visuais e suas complicações incluem a Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada, Insuficiência Renal Aguda, deslocamento prematuro da placenta, e desfechos materno-fetais negativos com o óbito materno em 24% dos casos, e a mortalidade perinatal em 8-37%. O diagnóstico é feito através do quadro clínico e de exames laboratoriais, com achados como a elevação dos níveis de Lactato Desidrogenase, hemoglobina reduzida e esquizócitos (indicativo de hemólise), trombocitopenia e elevação das enzimas hepáticas, além de exames de imagem como ultrassonografia e ressonância magnética, para avaliar o fígado. O tratamento é predominantemente de suporte, com ênfase na estabilização da condição da paciente e monitoramento fetal, e pode envolver tratamento medicamentoso para hipertensão, transfusões sanguíneas e consultas com especialistas. Em caso de diagnóstico após 34 semanas de gestação, o parto deve ser recomendado, com administração de corticóides para maturação pulmonar fetal. Algumas das alternativas de prevenção envolvem o uso de baixas doses de aspirina, suplementação de cálcio para casos de ingestão dietética inadequada, dieta pobre em gordura e rica em frutas e vegetais, suplementação de vitaminas C e E, prática de exercícios físicos, acompanhamento regular da gestação e da pressão arterial. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a síndrome HELLP abrange um quadro clínico que pode confundir-se com uma gestação saudável, porém, é suscetível à rápida evolução para complicações graves e fatais para a mãe e o feto, necessitando de acompanhamento regular da gestação para detecção dos sinais e sintomas e intervenção em tempo hábil.
Desafios no Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Gravidez Ectópica: Uma Revisão Narrativa
Authors: Valente Georgia , Barbosa Silva Bruna , Marconatto Modelli Camila , Rodrigues Mendes Medeiros Angelica , Rosa Romer Tamiris , Missiel Carvalho dos Santos Francisco , Martins Braga Ribeiro Gabriela , Moretto Lusvarghi Enzo Fabrizzio , Pascoal Rigueti Gabriela , Diniz Fidelis Moreira Fabio , Cavalcante Rafael , Furtado Defeo Sarah
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo revisar e sintetizar as evidências atuais sobre os desafios diagnósticos e terapêuticos da gravidez ectópica (GE), com foco em casos raros e relacionados à reprodução assistida. Metodologia: A revisão narrativa foi conduzida por meio de uma busca simples no PubMed, que resultou em 2.981 estudos. Critérios de inclusão como artigos publicados em inglês e disponíveis em texto completo foram aplicados para selecionar os estudos relevantes. Resultados: O diagnóstico precoce da GE, essencial para evitar complicações graves, depende majoritariamente da ultrassonografia transvaginal e dos níveis de β-hCG. Recentes avanços incluem a exploração de biomarcadores salivares como ferramenta diagnóstica complementar. No tratamento, embora o metotrexato seja amplamente utilizado, estudos recentes indicam que o manejo expectante pode ser igualmente eficaz, especialmente em pacientes com β-hCG baixo e declinante, reduzindo a necessidade de intervenções cirúrgicas. Considerações Finais: A gestão da GE continua a ser um desafio clínico, exigindo um diagnóstico preciso e abordagens terapêuticas adaptadas ao perfil da paciente. A personalização do tratamento, com base em evidências robustas e novas ferramentas diagnósticas, é crucial para melhorar os desfechos clínicos e minimizar os riscos associados.
Convulsão febris em crianças: aspectos clínicos e diagnósticos
Authors: MAGANHIN LUQUETTI CAMILLA , Luana Gabler da Costa Adria , De Souza da Silva Caroline , da Costa Neto José Teobaldo , Miozzo Cenci Flavia , Humberto Teixeira José , Rodrigues Rossatto Beatriz , Queiroz Corse Caroline , De Brito Pontes Daniel , Henrique Rodrigues Cavalcanti Mário , Medina Coimbra Cláudia Janaína , Ferreira da Costa Barros Carlos Eduardo , Assunção de Andrade Lima Júnior Elson
Published: August 2024

Introdução: Convulsão febril é distúrbio neurológico comum e dependente da idade, em 2 a 4% de crianças menores de cinco anos.  São convulsões do tipo simples, generalizadas, menores de 15 minutos e não se repetem em 24 horas. Embora em 33% dos casos possam recorrer na primeira infância, possuem origem benigna e estão associadas a um risco futuro de epilepsia apenas ligeiramente superior à população em geral. Aquelas febris do tipo focais, prolongadas ou múltiplas nas primeiras 24 horas são definidas como complexas, com maior recorrência e heterogeneidade de condições associadas. Objetivo: discutir fatores de risco, quadro clínico e diagnóstico das convulsões febris. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura integrativa a partir de bases de dados da Scielo, da PubMed e da BVS, de janeiro a abril de 2024, com descritores “febrile seizures”, “clinical features”, e “evaluation”, cadastrados no DeCS/MeSH e operador “AND”. Incluíram-se artigos de 2019-2024 (total 96), com exclusão de outros critérios e escolha de 05 artigos na íntegra. Resultados e Discussão: A convulsão febril tem pico de incidência entre 12 e 18 meses de idade. Há ligeira predominância masculina, com relação estimada de 1,6:1. Além da idade, os fatores de risco mais comuns incluem febre alta, infecção viral, imunização recente (após tríplice e tetraviral) e histórico familiar de convulsões febris. A maioria apresenta convulsão febril no primeiro dia da doença e, em alguns casos, como primeiro sintoma. Duram menos de 15 minutos, sem características focais, uma em 24 horas. Caracterizam-se como crises tônico-clônicas generalizadas, mas também podem ser de caráter atônico ou tônico. A convulsão febril complexa diferencia-se por episódios com mais de 15 minutos, focais ou paresia pós-ictal e recorrência em 24 horas. O diagnóstico diferencial de convulsão febril deve sempre considerar infecção do SNC (meningite/encefalite). As convulsões febris são diagnóstico clínico. Em crianças com história típica e exame tranquilizador e não focal, os testes diagnósticos são desnecessários. Podem ser realizados punção lombar e exames laboratoriais, neuroimagem e eletroencefalografia (EEG), se suspeita de meningite ou infecção intracraniana. Deve-se considerar, portanto, convulsão febril: convulsão com temperatura > 38ºc; idade entre 6 meses a 5 anos; ausência de infecção de SNC; ausência de anormalidade metabólica sistêmica aguda; sem histórico de convulsão afebril anterior. Conclusão: Convulsão febril é comum na primeira infância, desde que ocorra com febre, sem evidência de infecção intracraniana ou causa definida. Não é considerada uma forma de epilepsia, o que é caracterizado por convulsões não febris recorrentes.
АНАЛИЗ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОКРОВА В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ
Authors: Вагапова А.Б.
Published: August 2024

В Чеченской Республике представлены различные пояса растительного покрова. Климат играет основную роль в росте и распространении растительности. В настоящее время растут масштабы антропогенного воздействия на горные ландшафты, поэтому важной необходимостью является исследование современного состояния лесов на территории Чеченской Республики, обозначение меры по их рациональному использованию и использованию в рекреационных целях.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ПОГЛОЩЕНИЕ И НАКОПЛЕНИЕ УГЛЕРОДА СОСНОЙ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ (PINUSSYLVESTRISL.) В ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ЧАСТИ РОССИИ
Authors: Шешницан С.С. , Литовченко  , Гродецкая Т.А. , Подрезова Ю.А.
Published: August 2024

Исследование посвящено лесостепной зоне европейской части России, где сосна обыкновенная (Pinus sylvestris L.) играет значительную роль в секвестрации углерода. Показано, что температура воздуха и осадки являются определяющими факторами для продуктивности сосны, причём связь индексов прироста с осадками выше, чем с температурой воздуха. Доказано, что по степени влияния на формирование годичного прироста сосны обыкновенной основным лимитирующим фактором оказались суммы атмосферных осадков. Однако суммарное лимитирующее влияние климатических факторов всегда выше, чем индивидуальное, поэтому ещё более тесная зависимость проявляется с гидротермическим коэффициентом. Реакция на климатические воздействия засух дифференцирована, но, как правило, сопровождается интенсивным и длительным снижением прироста (от 1-2 до 3-4 лет). Учитывая наблюдаемые тренды изменения климата в лесостепной зоне Европейской части России, следует ожидать снижение секвестрационного потенциала в лесах с преобладанием сосны обыкновенной.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ
НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Сатуева Л.Л. , Алаев А.Х. , Актымбаева А.С.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы влияния климатических изменений на здоровье населения, пространственная дифференциация ландшафтно-биоклиматических условий Чеченской Республики, формирование экологической патологии у современных людей, обусловленной различными факторами окружающей среды, в том числе и климатическими, глобальные процессы изменения климата и их прямые и косвенные последствия для здоровья населения.
Tindak Pidana bagi Orang yang Berkebutuhan Khusus (Penyandang Disabilitas) dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Muhammad Taufan Djafri  , Ridwan Ridwan , Mu’adz Hasan
Published: August 2024

This research aims to find out and understand how punishment according to Islamic law is for people with special needs when committing a crime. This research is a type of qualitative research using library research methods. The legal materials are analyzed using a deductive method, namely a logical approach to determine a conclusion based on an analytical study of writing a Sharia perspective on the context of the problem using a normative juridical approach. The results of this research found that the judge's consideration is one of the most important aspects in determining the realization of the value of a judge's decision which contains justice and contains legal certainty, besides that it also contains benefits for the parties concerned so that the judge's consideration must be addressed carefully, well, and carefully. That the determination of criminal law by people with special needs who do not fulfill the elements previously mentioned means that in Islamic law they are not held responsible for their actions. However, in Islam, people with disabilities are not completely free from punishment. Because other people's property and souls are guaranteed by sharia'. Therefore, criminal perpetrators with disabilities are still held civilly liable. In Islamic law it is called diyat.
Penerapan Syirkah Mudarabah pada Pendapatan Ojek Online di Aplikasi Grab Perspektif Fikih Muamalah
Authors: Tahir Muhammad  Reynaldy , Khaerul Aqbar  , Sulkifli Herman
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the application of syirkah contracts and mudarabah contracts to online motorcycle taxi revenues in the Grab application from the Fikih Muamalah perspective. The type of research used in this research is library research with a normative juridical approach. The results of this study indicate that in the perspective of muamalah fiqh, the application of syirkah or musyarakah to online motorcycle taxi revenues in the Grab application is appropriate. The cooperative relationship between Grab and driver-partners includes the form of syirkah 'ina>n, namely an alliance or cooperation where the distribution of the parties involved does not have to be the same, whether in terms of capital, work, or in terms of profits and losses received. The cooperative relationship between Grab and driver-partners has fulfilled the pillars and conditions in the syirkah. The cooperation system between Grab and driver-partners cannot be categorized as a mudarabah contract, because several conditions and pillars of mudarabah are not fulfilled.
Meninggalkan Salat Berjemaah Tanpa Uzur Menurut Perspektif Mazhab Syafii dan Mazhab Hambali
Authors: Irman Irman , Muhammad Shiddiq Abdillah  , Awal Rifai
Published: August 2024

This research aims to find out what the law is for leaving congregational prayers without delay according to the perspective of the Syafii school of thought and the Hambali school of thought. The problems that researchers raise in this research are: First, what is the position of congregational prayer in Islam. Second, what is the law regarding leaving congregational prayers without delay according to the Syafii school of thought and the Hambali school of thought. This research is library research. This research uses a type of qualitative descriptive research (non-statistical), which focuses on the study of manuscripts and texts, using normative and comparative approach methods. The results of the research show that congregational prayer has an important position and role in Islam, congregational prayer can strengthen the bonds of brotherhood among Muslims. Apart from that, congregational prayer also has many virtues and wisdom, congregational prayer is twenty-five to twenty-seven degrees more important than praying alone. According to the Syafii school of thought, there are three opinions regarding the law of congregational prayer, some are of the opinion that it is sunnah muakadah, some are of the opinion that it is fardu kifayah and there are others that are of the opinion that the law is fardu ain, but the most valid in the Syafii school of thought is the law of fardu kifayah, while the Hambali school of thought is of the opinion that the law is fardu ain. The Syafii school of thought is of the opinion that it is not permissible to leave congregational prayers without a reason, and they are of the opinion that the prayer of someone who prays alone but in congregation is better. Meanwhile, the Hambali school of thought has different opinions regarding the law of leaving congregational prayers, the first opinion says the prayer is invalid while the second opinion says the prayer is valid but one is guilty of leaving the obligation, namely congregational prayer. It is hoped that the implications of this research will provide scientific insight and become a reference on the legal issue of leaving congregational prayers without delay.
Batasan Kadar Dua Kulah sebagai Standar Kesucian Air Menurut Imam Syafii dan Ibnu Taimiyah
Authors: Alfurqan Sepmin , Rustam Efendi  , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: August 2024

This study aims to find out how Imam Shafii  and Ibn Taimiyah view the limit of two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water, as well as how the comparative analysis and argumentative basis for the opinions of Ibn Taimiyah and Imam Syafii regarding the limit of two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water. This research uses descriptive qualitative research (non-statistical) using the library research method (literature review) which is supported by normative and comparative approaches. The results of this study indicate that there are different views between Imam Shafii and Ibn Taimiyah regarding the matter of limiting the levels of two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water. Ibn Taimiyah did not make the level of two kulahs a standard for the purity of water, but rather changes in the properties of the water (color, taste or smell). Meanwhile, Imam Syafii made two kulahs as a standard for the purity of water if the water is unclean, provided that the properties of the water do not change. The arguments used by the two scholars are all valid, but the cause of differences of opinion is the interpretation and understanding of these arguments. The implications of this research are expected to be a reference for the world of academics and Muslims in general, especially on the issues of taharah and the sanctity of water.