bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thickness-Related Fault Diagnosis of Steel Strip Based on W-KPLS Method Considering Mechanism Weight Optimization
Authors: Guo Hesong , Sun Jianliang , Luo Jieyuan , Peng Yan , Ye Chunlin
Published: April 2022

Due to the lack of a reasonable mechanism explanation for the data model used in the process of quality-related fault diagnosis, the diagnosis model has insufficient ability to identify faults, resulting in the phenomenon of failure detection or false positive. Therefore, this paper adopted the method of mechanism and data model fusion to solve the problem of insufficient interpretation of the influence of existing diagnosis methods on rolling process variables. Firstly, the KPLS achieves strip quality-related fault detection for nonlinear processes. In order to find out the abnormal variables, a nonlinear contribution plot was introduced to calculate the contribution value of each variable to the monitoring index. Secondly, based on the bounce equation of the rolling process, the static comprehensive analysis of the steady rolling process was carried out to reveal the influence of various variables on strip thickness. Thirdly, based on the above analysis of the steady rolling process mechanism, the influence weight method and kernel function method were used to reconstruct and map the original input matrix. A kernel partial least squares method based on influence weight W optimization (W-KPLS) was proposed for quality-related fault monitoring and diagnosis. Finally, the model was applied in the cold rolling process of an aluminum alloy sheet, and the validity of the model was further verified by practical industrial data. The results show that the new method improves the fault detection rate by more than 20% compared with the traditional monitoring method, and the proportion of data points reaching the early warning limit was increased to more than 95%.
Deep Learning for Predicting Winter Temperature in North China
Authors: Gao Liang , Yang Young-Min , Li Qingqing , Ham Yoo-Geun , Kim Jeong-Hwan
Published: April 2022

It is difficult to improve the seasonal prediction skill of winter temperature over North China, owing to the complex dynamics of East Asian winter and the relatively low prediction skill level of current climate models. Deep learning (DL) may be an informative and promising tool to enhance seasonal prediction, particularly in regions where the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, using a DL model based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), we have found that the prediction skill for North China winter temperature (NCWT) can be extended up to five months by considering the remote impact of the Northeast Pacific sea-surface temperature (SST) on North China. Based on historical simulations of winter temperatures in North China, we selected six CMIP5 models with relatively small deviations for training the CNN, and the period chosen for training was 1852–1991. The ERA5 data during 1995–2017 were utilized to evaluate the performance of the CNN. Our CNN shows the best performance in a recent 10-year period (2008–2017), showing a significantly improved level of NCWT prediction skill with a correlation skill of 0.65 at a 5-month lead time, which is much better than the forecast skill of the state-of-the-art dynamic seasonal prediction system. Heat map analysis was used to explore the possible physical mechanisms associated with the NCWT anomaly from the perspective of the CNN; the results showed that the SST over the Northeast Pacific is highly relevant to NCWT prediction. The Northeast Pacific warming in the boreal summer is related to the development of the El Niño event in the coming winter, which may induce NCWT anomalies by atmospheric teleconnection. Climate model experiments support the role of Northeast Pacific warming in the boreal summer on NCWT. The improved capability for prediction from using the CNN may help to establish the energy policy for the coming winter and reduce the economic losses from extremely cold in North China.
EGR1 Is Implicated in Right Ventricular Cardiac Remodeling Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Laggner Maria , Oberndorfer Felicitas , Golabi Bahar , Bauer Jonas , Zuckermann Andreas , Hacker Philipp , Lang Irene , Skoro-Sajer Nika , Gerges Christian , Taghavi Shahrokh , Jaksch Peter , Mildner Michael , Ankersmit Hendrik Jan , Moser Bernhard
Published: April 2022

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vasoconstrictive disease characterized by elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) at rest. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) represent two distinct subtypes of PH. Persisting PH leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, heart failure, and death. RV performance predicts survival and surgical interventions re-establishing physiological mPAP reverse cardiac remodeling. Nonetheless, a considerable number of PH patients are deemed inoperable. The underlying mechanism(s) governing cardiac regeneration, however, remain largely elusive. Methods: In a longitudinal approach, we profiled the transcriptional landscapes of hypertrophic RVs and recovered hearts 3 months after surgery of iPAH and CTEPH patients. Results: Genes associated with cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli and metal ions were downregulated, and cardiac muscle tissue development was induced in iPAH after recovery. In CTEPH patients, genes related to muscle cell development were decreased, and genes governing cardiac conduction were upregulated in RVs following regeneration. Intriguingly, early growth response 1 (EGR1), a profibrotic regulator, was identified as a major transcription factor of hypertrophic RVs in iPAH and CTEPH. A histological assessment confirmed our biocomputational results, and suggested a pivotal role for EGR1 in RV vasculopathy. Conclusion: Our findings improved our understanding of the molecular events driving reverse cardiac remodeling following surgery. EGR1 might represent a promising candidate for targeted therapy of PH patients not eligible for surgical treatment.
Effect of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide and Polysulfide Donors on Insulin Sensitivity of the Adipose Tissue
Authors: Kowalczyk-Bołtuć Jolanta , Wiórkowski Krzysztof , Bełtowski Jerzy
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and inorganic polysulfides are important signaling molecules; however, little is known about their role in adipose tissue. We examined the effect of H2S and polysulfides on insulin sensitivity of the adipose tissue in rats. Plasma glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids, and glycerol were measured after administration of H2S and the polysulfide donors, Na2S and Na2S4, respectively. In addition, the effect of Na2S and Na2S4 on insulin-induced glucose uptake and inhibition of lipolysis was studied in adipose tissue explants ex vivo. Na2S and Na2S4 administered in vivo at a single dose of 100 μmol/kg had no effect on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. In addition, Na2S and Na2S4 did not modify the effect of insulin on plasma glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol concentrations. Na2S and Na2S4had no effect on the antilipolytic effect of insulin in adipose tissue explants ex vivo. The effect of insulin on 2-deoxyglucose uptake by adipose tissue was impaired in obese rats which was accompanied by lower insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt. Na2S4, but not Na2S, improved insulin signaling and increased insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by adipose tissue of obese rats. The results suggest that polysulfides may normalize insulin sensitivity, at least in the adipose tissue, in obesity/metabolic syndrome.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That Exendin-4 Improves Steatosis in HepG2 Cells by Modulating Signaling Pathways Related to Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Errafii Khaoula , Khalifa Olfa , Al-Akl Neyla S. , Arredouani Abdelilah
Published: April 2022

No therapy exists for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) showed a beneficial effect on NAFLD, although the underpinning mechanisms remain unclear due to their pleiotropic effects. We examined the implicated signaling pathways using comparative transcriptomics in a cell model of steatosis to overcome pleiotropy. We treated steatotic HepG2 cells with the GLP-1RA Exendin-4 (Ex-4). We compared the transcriptome profiles of untreated steatotic, and Ex-4-treated steatotic cells, and used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify the signaling pathways and associated genes involved in the protective effect of Ex-4. Ex-4 treatment significantly reduces steatosis. RNA-seq analysis revealed 209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between steatotic and untreated cells, with farnesoid X receptor/retinoid X receptor (FXR/RXR) (p = 8.9 × 10−7) activation being the top regulated canonical pathway identified by IPA. Furthermore, 1644 DEGs were identified between steatotic cells and Ex-4-treated cells, with liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) (p = 2.02 × 10−7) and FXR/RXR (p = 3.28 × 10−7) activation being the two top canonical pathways. The top molecular and cellular functions between untreated and steatotic cells were lipid metabolism, molecular transport, and small molecular biochemistry, while organismal injury and abnormalities, endocrine system disorders, and gastrointestinal disease were the top three molecular and cellular functions between Ex-4-treated and steatotic cells. Genes overlapping steatotic cells and Ex-4-treated cells were associated with several lipid metabolism processes. Unique transcriptomic differences exist between steatotic cells and Ex-4-treated steatotic cells, providing an important resource for understanding the mechanisms that underpin the protective effect of GLP-1RAs on NAFLD and for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
Recent Advances in Plasma-Engineered Polymers for Biomarker-Based Viral Detection and Highly Multiplexed Analysis
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Kalashgrani Masoomeh Yari , Gholami Ahmad , Omidifar Navid , Babapoor Aziz , Vijayakameswara Rao Neralla , Chiang Wei-Hung
Published: April 2022

Infectious diseases remain a pervasive threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural urban areas. The main causes of such severe diseases are the lack of appropriate analytical methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to limited access to centralized and equipped medical centers for detection. Rapid and accurate diagnosis in biomedicine and healthcare is essential for the effective treatment of pathogenic viruses as well as early detection. Plasma-engineered polymers are used worldwide for viral infections in conjunction with molecular detection of biomarkers. Plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based viral detection are generally inexpensive and offer great potential. For biomarker-based virus detection, plasma-based polymers appear to be potential biological probes and have been used directly with physiological components to perform highly multiplexed analyses simultaneously. The simultaneous measurement of multiple clinical parameters from the same sample volume is possible using highly multiplexed analysis to detect human viral infections, thereby reducing the time and cost required to collect each data point. This article reviews recent studies on the efficacy of plasma-engineered polymers as a detection method against human pandemic viruses. In this review study, we examine polymer biomarkers, plasma-engineered polymers, highly multiplexed analyses for viral infections, and recent applications of polymer-based biomarkers for virus detection. Finally, we provide an outlook on recent advances in the field of plasma-engineered polymers for biomarker-based virus detection and highly multiplexed analysis.
Protective Effects of Nuciferine in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats Based on Transcriptomics
Authors: Chen Chang , Ma Quantao , Jiang Jinzhu , Wang Tieshan , Qiu Linghui , Liu An
Published: April 2022

Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), with the characteristics of high morbidity, high recurrence rate, high mortality, and disability rate, is a typical manifestation of ischemic stroke and has become a hot research topic in the clinical field. The protective effects of nuciferine on brain injury MCAO rats were investigated and its mechanisms of actions were revealed. The MCAO rats were established by the suture method. The pathological staining of the rat brain was processed and observed, the pharmacodynamics assay of nuciferine were studied, and the gene expression regulation by nuciferine was detected by transcriptome technology. The results showed that nuciferine significantly alleviated brain damage in MCAO rats, and the transcriptomic results suggested that nuciferine could exert therapeutic effects through the regulation of lipid metabolism, including arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, the PPAR signaling pathway and other related pathways. This finding provided new perspectives on the treatment of MCAO with nuciferine and facilitates the development of novel drugs for this disease.
Identifying Impact Factors of MEP Installation Productivity: An Empirical Study
Authors: Wu Qinglin , Chen Lijuan , Shi Peixin , Wang Weijun , Xu Sheng
Published: April 2022

BIM-based coordination facilitates the discovery of potential pipeline design and construction conflicts. However, the impact of BIM on-field productivity of MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) installation is unclear because of lacking identification of influencing factors. To fill this research gap, an extensive literature review and quantitative analysis are conducted to identify MEP installation productivity’s impact factors. The identified 24 impact factors are categorized into four primary categories: organizational, management, technical, and personnel. A questionnaire is then designed to measure the impact significance, and the feedback is analyzed through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. This paper finds that: (1) organizational management and control at the macro-level impact productivity more than specific technology and operation during the MEP installation; (2) the key factors affecting productivity are project delivery method, contract mode, and quality control (rework). Accordingly, strategies and suggestions are put forward to encourage and implement productive BIM adoption.
Understanding Ganghwa Dondae Forts as a Vernacular Model of Construction and Reuse
Authors: Rhee Wanghoon , Kim Young-Jae
Published: April 2022

The Dondae forts of Ganghwa Island in the late Joseon dynasty are significant as a maritime defense heritage. Thus far, research on Dondae has focused on historical sources. This study concentrates on essential interpretation to comprehend the vernacular architectural characteristics of the forts as a fixed facility. Confirming the purpose of the construction provides a deeper understanding of the appearance of the late Joseon dynasty beyond the current modified Ganghwa Dondae. This study utilizes standard models of fort architecture established during King Sukjong’s regime and confirms the unique value of military forts, which evolved through a myriad of political changes. Furthermore, this study addresses the sustainable conservation of fort architecture through the continual reuse of the yeongjochek (a construction measurement unit), even though combat techniques had been ceaselessly advanced for the more efficient discharge of cannons. The construction activities of Dondae forts in the 18th century unveil a management system in pre-modern times that is comparable to the modern model in terms of repetitive repairs and incessant production, designed to support military purposes based on norms established during the planning stage. Sustainable architectural models have been standardized since pre-modern times and allow the continued production and conservation of monuments for future generations.
Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Contemporary Management and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Eide Jacob G. , Welch Kevin C. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Tong Charles C. L.
Published: April 2022

Inverted papillomas (IP) are the most common sinonasal tumor with a tendency for recurrence, potential attachment to the orbit and skull base, and risk of malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While the overall rate of recurrence has decreased with the widespread adoption of high-definition endoscopic optics and advanced surgical tools, there remain challenges in managing tumors that are multiply recurrent or involve vital neurovascular structures. Here, we review the state-of-the-art diagnostic tools for IP and IP-degenerated SCC, contemporary surgical management, and propose a surveillance protocol.
The Association between Serum Serine and Glycine and Related-Metabolites with Pancreatic Cancer in a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Luu Hung N. , Paragomi Pedram , Wang Renwei , Huang Joyce Y. , Adams-Haduch Jennifer , Midttun Øivind , Ulvik Arve , Nguyen Tin C. , Brand Randall E. , Gao Yutang , Ueland Per Magne , Yuan Jian-Min
Published: April 2022

Background. Serine and glycine play an important role in the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism. The metabolism of serine and glycine has been shown to be associated with cancer cell proliferation. No prior epidemiologic study has investigated the associations for serum levels of serine and glycine with pancreatic cancer risk. Methods. We conducted a nested case-control study involved 129 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 258 individually matched controls within a prospective cohort study of 18,244 male residents in Shanghai, China. Glycine and serine and related metabolites in pre-diagnostic serum were quantified using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A conditional logistic regression method was used to evaluate the associations for serine, glycine, and related metabolites with pancreatic cancer risk with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of pancreatic cancer for the highest quartile of serine and glycine were 0.33 (0.14–0.75) and 0.25 (0.11–0.58), respectively, compared with their respective lowest quartiles (both p’s < 0.01). No significant association with risk of pancreatic cancer was observed for other serine- or glycine related metabolites including cystathionine, cysteine, and sarcosine. Conclusion. The risk of pancreatic cancer was reduced by more than 70% in individuals with elevated levels of glycine and serine in serum collected, on average, more than 10 years prior to cancer diagnosis in a prospectively designed case-control study. These novel findings support a protective role of serine and glycine against the development of pancreatic cancer in humans that might have an implication for cancer prevention.
High GILT Expression Is Associated with Improved Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Adams Anngela C. , Borden Elizabeth S. , Macy Anne M. , Thomson Nick , Cui Haiyan , Gimbel Mark I. , Wilson Melissa A. , Buetow Kenneth H. , Roe Denise J. , DiCaudo David J. , Homsi Jade , Hastings Karen Taraszka
Published: April 2022

Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II restricted presentation of multiple melanoma antigens. There is variable GILT protein expression in malignant melanocytes in melanoma specimens. High GILT mRNA expression in melanoma specimens is associated with improved overall survival, before the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, the association of GILT in metastatic melanoma with survival in patients treated with ICI and the cell type expressing GILT associated with survival have not been determined. Using RNA sequencing datasets, high GILT mRNA expression in metastatic melanoma specimens was associated with improved progression-free and overall survival in patients treated with ICI. A clinical dataset of metastatic melanoma specimens was generated and annotated with clinical information. Positive GILT immunohistochemical staining in antigen presenting cells and melanoma cells was observed in 100% and 65% of metastatic melanoma specimens, respectively. In the subset of patients treated with ICI in the clinical dataset, high GILT protein expression within melanoma cells was associated with improved overall survival. The association of GILT mRNA and protein expression with survival was independent of cancer stage. These studies support that high GILT mRNA expression in bulk tumor samples and high GILT protein expression in melanoma cells is associated with improved survival in ICI-treated patients. These findings support further investigation of GILT as a biomarker to predict the response to ICI.
Management of Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningioma Involving the Cavernous Sinus: A Single-Center Series of 105 Cases
Authors: Masalha Waseem , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Steiert Christine , Krüger Marie T. , Schnell Daniel , Heiland Pamela , Bissolo Marco , Grosu Anca-L. , Schnell Oliver , Beck Jürgen , Grauvogel Jürgen
Published: April 2022

Objective: Medial sphenoid wing meningiomas are among the three most common intracranial meningiomas. These tumors pose a challenge to neurosurgeons in terms of surgical treatment, as they may involve critical neurovascular structures and invade the cavernous sinus. In case of the latter, a complete resection may not be achievable. The purpose of this study was to investigate prognostic features affecting recurrence and progression-free survival (PFS) of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas involving the cavernous sinus, focusing on the contribution of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the database of our institution, and 105 cases of medial sphenoid wing meningioma with invasion of the cavernous sinus, which were treated between 1998 and 2019, were included. Surgical treatment only was performed in 64 cases, and surgical treatment plus postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 41 cases. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to estimate median survival and PFS rates, and Cox regression analysis was applied to determine significant factors that were associated with each therapeutic modality. Results: The risk of recurrence was significantly reduced after near-total resection (NTR) (p-value = 0.0011) compared to subtotal resection. Progression-free survival was also significantly prolonged after postoperative radiotherapy (p-value = 0.0002). Conclusions: Maximal safe resection and postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy significantly reduced the recurrence rate of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas with infiltration of the cavernous sinus.
Molecular Radiobiology in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic and Predictive Response Factors
Authors: Peinado-Serrano Javier , Carnero Amancio
Published: April 2022

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, generating huge economic and social impacts that have not slowed in recent years. Oncological treatment for this neoplasm usually includes surgery, chemotherapy, treatments on molecular targets and ionizing radiation. The prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and the different therapeutic responses between patients can be explained, to a large extent, by the existence of widely heterogeneous molecular profiles. The identification of prognostic and predictive gene signatures of response to cancer treatment, could help in making therapeutic decisions in patients affected by NSCLC. Given the published scientific evidence, we believe that the search for prognostic and/or predictive gene signatures of response to radiotherapy treatment can significantly help clinical decision-making. These signatures may condition the fractions, the total dose to be administered and/or the combination of systemic treatments in conjunction with radiation. The ultimate goal is to achieve better clinical results, minimizing the adverse effects associated with current cancer therapies.
Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of CD15 and CD15s in Cancer
Authors: Szlasa Wojciech , Wilk Karol , Knecht-Gurwin Klaudia , Gurwin Adam , Froń Anita , Sauer Natalia , Krajewski Wojciech , Saczko Jolanta , Szydełko Tomasz , Kulbacka Julita , Małkiewicz Bartosz
Published: April 2022

CD15 (Lewis X/Lex) is a fucosyl (3-fucosly-N-acetyl-lactosamine) moiety found on membrane proteins of various cancer cells. These cancers include renal cancer, prostate and bladder cancers, acute leukaemias, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and melanoma. The biological role of CD15 is interaction with E-, L- and P-selectins (adhesion molecules), allowing for adhesion with endothelial cells. In this way, cancer cells start to interact with the endothelia of blood vessels and consequently move out from the blood flow to the surrounding tissues. Blockage of the antigen’s function results in reduced metastatic potential. Moreover, the molecule may be a therapeutic target against cancer in monoclonal antibody-based therapies. CD15 may serve as a prognostic marker for patients and there are high hopes for its use in the immunotherapeutic treatment of tumours. CD15s is a sialyl derivative of CD15 that possesses its own unique characteristics. Its soluble form may act as a competitive inhibitor of the interaction of cancer cells with epithelial cells and thus disallow migration through the vessels. However, the prognostic relevance of CD15 and CD15s expression is very complex. This review presents a comprehensive description of the role of CD15 and CD15s in cancer development and metastasis and overviews its significance for clinical applications.
Current Perspectives on the Surgical Management of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hewitt D. Brock , Brown Zachary J. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: April 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents nearly 15% of all primary liver cancers and 2% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) accounts for 50–60% of all CCA. First described in 1965, pCCAs arise between the second-order bile ducts and the insertion of the cystic duct into the common bile duct. CCA typically has an insidious onset and commonly presents with advanced, unresectable disease. Complete surgical resection is technically challenging, as tumor proximity to the structures of the central liver often necessitates an extended hepatectomy to achieve negative margins. Intraoperative frozen section can aid in assuring negative margins and complete resection. Portal lymphadenectomy provides important prognostic and staging information. In specialized centers, vascular resection and reconstruction can be performed to achieve negative margins in appropriately selected patients. In addition, minimally invasive surgical techniques (e.g., robotic surgery) are safe, feasible, and provide equivalent short-term oncologic outcomes. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by liver transplantation provides a potentially curative option for patients with unresectable disease. New trials are needed to investigate novel chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies to better control systemic disease in the adjuvant setting and, potentially, downstage disease in the neoadjuvant setting.
A Promising Catalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Perhydro-Dibenzyltoluene: Pt/Al2O3 Prepared by Supercritical CO2 Deposition
Authors: Modisha Phillimon , Garidzirai Rudaviro , Güneş Hande , Bozbag Selmi Erim , Rommel Sarshad , Uzunlar Erdal , Aindow Mark , Erkey Can , Bessarabov Dmitri
Published: April 2022

Pt/Al2O3 catalysts prepared via supercritical deposition (SCD), with supercritical CO2, wet impregnation (WI) methods and a selected benchmark catalyst, were evaluated for the dehydrogenation of perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT) at 300 °C in a batch reactor. After ten dehydrogenation runs, the average performance of the catalyst prepared using SCD was the highest compared to the benchmark and WI-prepared catalysts. The pre-treatment of the catalysts with the product (dibenzyltoluene) indicated that the deactivation observed is mainly due to the adsorbed H0-DBT blocking the active sites for the reactant (H18-DBT). Furthermore, the SCD method afforded a catalyst with a higher dispersion of smaller sized Pt particles, thus improving catalytic performance towards the dehydrogenation of H18-DBT. The particle diameters of the SCD- and WI-prepared catalysts varied in the ranges of 0.6–2.2 nm and 0.8–3.4 nm and had average particle sizes of 1.1 nm and 1.7 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the catalysts after ten dehydrogenation runs revealed the presence of carbon. In this study, improved catalyst performance led to the production of more liquid-based by-products and carbon material compared to catalysts with low catalytic performance.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with CO2 over Mo/LDO Catalyst: The Active Species of Mo Controlled by LDO
Authors: Song Gengzhe , Wang Qi , Yang Liang , Liao Duohua , Li Shuang
Published: April 2022

A series of the layered double oxides supported molybdenum oxide catalysts were synthesized and evaluated in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane with CO2 (CO2-ODHE). The 22.3 wt% Mo/LDO catalyst delivered a 92.3%selectivity to ethylene and a 7.9% ethane conversion at relatively low temperatures. The molybdenum oxide catalysts were fully characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, UV–vis, Raman TG, and XPS. Isolated [MoO4]2− dominated on the surface of the fresh 12.5 wt% Mo/LDO catalyst. With the increase of the Mo content, the Mo species transformed from [MoO4]2− to [Mo7O24]6− and [Mo8O26]4− on the 22.3 wt% and 30.1 wt% Mo/LDO catalysts, respectively. The redox mechanism was proposed and three Mo species including [MoO4]2−, [Mo7O24]6−, and [Mo8O26]4− showed quite different functions in the CO2-ODHE reaction: [MoO4]2−, with tetrahedral structure, preferred the non-selective pathway; [Mo7O24]6−, with an octahedral construction, promoted the selective pathway; and the existence of [Mo8O26]4− reduced the ability to activate ethane. This work provides detailed insights to further understand the relationship between structure–activity and the role of surface Mo species as well as their aggregation state in CO2-ODHE.
Editorial for Special Issue: Research on Plant Cell Wall Biology
Authors: Dunand Christophe , Jamet Elisabeth
Published: April 2022

Plant cells are surrounded by extracellular matrixes [...]
The Role of KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein (KSRP) for Immune Functions and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Palzer Kim-Alicia , Bolduan Vanessa , Käfer Rudolf , Kleinert Hartmut , Bros Matthias , Pautz Andrea
Published: April 2022

Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is one important mechanism that enables stringent and rapid modulation of cytokine, chemokines or growth factors expression, all relevant for immune or tumor cell function and communication. The RNA-binding protein KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) controls the mRNA stability of according genes by initiation of mRNA decay and inhibition of translation, and by enhancing the maturation of microRNAs. Therefore, KSRP plays a pivotal role in immune cell function and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about KSRP with regard to the regulation of immunologically relevant targets, and the functional role of KSRP on immune responses and tumorigenesis. KSRP is involved in the control of myeloid hematopoiesis. Further, KSRP-mediated mRNA decay of pro-inflammatory factors is necessary to keep immune homeostasis. In case of infection, functional impairment of KSRP is important for the induction of robust immune responses. In this regard, KSRP seems to primarily dampen T helper cell 2 immune responses. In cancer, KSRP has often been associated with tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, aside of initiation of mRNA decay, the KSRP-mediated regulation of microRNA maturation seems to be especially important for its diverse biological functions, which warrants further in-depth examination.
Immunosuppressive Extracellular Vesicles as a Linking Factor in the Development of Tumor and Endometriotic Lesions in the Gynecologic Tract
Authors: Soroczynska Karolina , Zareba Lukasz , Dlugolecka Magdalena , Czystowska-Kuzmicz Malgorzata
Published: April 2022

Both gynecological tumors and endometriosis require for their development a favorable environment, termed in the case of tumors a “pre-metastatic niche” and in case of endometriosis a “pro-endometriotic niche”. This is characterized by chronic inflammation and immunosuppression that support the further progression of initial lesions. This microenvironment is established and shaped in the course of a vivid cross-talk between the tumor or endometrial cells with other stromal, endothelial and immune cells. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in this cellular communication, mediating both in tumors and endometriosis similar immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the latest findings about EVs as immunosuppressive factors, highlighting the parallels between gynecological tumors and endometriosis. Furthermore, we outline their role as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers as well as their future in therapeutic applications.
Dance of The Golgi: Understanding Golgi Dynamics in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Bajaj Rakhee , Warner Amanda N. , Fradette Jared F. , Gibbons Don L.
Published: April 2022

The Golgi apparatus is at the center of protein processing and trafficking in normal cells. Under pathological conditions, such as in cancer, aberrant Golgi dynamics alter the tumor microenvironment and the immune landscape, which enhances the invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Among these changes in the Golgi in cancer include altered Golgi orientation and morphology that contribute to atypical Golgi function in protein trafficking, post-translational modification, and exocytosis. Golgi-associated gene mutations are ubiquitous across most cancers and are responsible for modifying Golgi function to become pro-metastatic. The pharmacological targeting of the Golgi or its associated genes has been difficult in the clinic; thus, studying the Golgi and its role in cancer is critical to developing novel therapeutic agents that limit cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we aim to discuss how disrupted Golgi function in cancer cells promotes invasion and metastasis.
Membrane-Fluidization-Dependent and -Independent Pathways Are Involved in Heat-Stress-Inducible Gene Expression in the Marine Red Alga Neopyropia yezoensis
Authors: Khoa Ho Viet , Mikami Koji
Published: April 2022

Heat stress responses are complex regulatory processes, including sensing, signal transduction, and gene expression. However, the exact mechanisms of these processes in seaweeds are not well known. We explored the relationship between membrane physical states and gene expression in the red alga Neopyropia yezoensis. To analyze heat-stress-induced gene expression, we identified two homologs of the heat-inducible high temperature response 2 (HTR2) gene in Neopyropia seriata, named NyHTR2 and NyHTR2L. We found conservation of HTR2 homologs only within the order Bangiales; their products contained a novel conserved cysteine repeat which we designated the Bangiales cysteine-rich motif. A quantitative mRNA analysis showed that expression of NyHTR2 and NyHTR2L was induced by heat stress. However, the membrane fluidizer benzyl alcohol (BA) did not induce expression of these genes, indicating that the effect of heat was not due to membrane fluidization. In contrast, expression of genes encoding multiprotein-bridging factor 1 (NyMBF1) and HSP70s (NyHSP70-1 and NyHSP70-2) was induced by heat stress and by BA, indicating that it involved a membrane-fluidization-dependent pathway. In addition, dark treatment under heat stress promoted expression of NyHTR2, NyHTR2L, NyMBF1, and NyHSP70-2, but not NyHSP70-1; expression of NyHTR2 and NyHTR2L was membrane-fluidization-independent, and that of other genes was membrane-fluidization-dependent. These findings indicate that the heat stress response in N. yezoensis involves membrane-fluidization-dependent and -independent pathways.
Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Okra Leaf Polysaccharides Extracted at Different pHs
Authors: Olawuyi Ibukunoluwa Fola , Park Jong Jin , Hahn Dongyup , Lee Won Young
Published: April 2022

Different extraction pH values obtain polysaccharides with tailored structures and novel functionalities. This study investigated the influence of different extraction pH values (4.2, 6.8, and 9.2) on the physicochemical compositions and structural and functional properties of okra leaf polysaccharides (OLPs). The extraction yield (2.74–7.34%), molecular weights (68.5–85.4 kDa), total sugar contents (64.87–95.68%), degree of acetylation (18.28–22.88%), and methylation (8.97–15.20%) of OLPs varied significantly (p < 0.05). The monosaccharide composition reflected OLPs as pectic polysaccharides, with varied compositions of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose. However, the differences in their sugar molar ratios, such as their side-chain and backbone chain compositions, greatly affected their functional properties. Additionally, notable differences due to extraction pH were observed in physical properties, thermal stability, and crystallinity. However, FTIR and NMR spectra revealed that extraction pH had negligible effects on the primary structure of OLPs. All OLPs showed non-Newtonian fluid behavior in the aqueous system with different apparent viscosities correlating with their molecular weights. Furthermore, the OLPs fractions stabilized oil-in-water emulsions differently and had distinct radical scavenging activities related to their compositions. This study provides a basis for selecting appropriate extraction pH to prepare OLPs with specific characteristics and applications in food-related disciplines.
Green Synthesis of ZnO/BC Nanohybrid for Fast and Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A in Water
Authors: Hu Jiafeng , Mao Dongpeng , Duan Penghu , Li Kelan , Lin Yuqing , Wang Xinyao , Piao Yunxian
Published: April 2022

A nanohybrid of zinc oxide and biochar (ZnO/BC) with high conductivity was green synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method, and utilized for the sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) by coating the nanohybrid film on an electrode of glassy carbon. The ZnO/BC presented greatly improved electrocatalytic performance and electron transfer ability compared to the zinc oxide and biochar. The ZnO/BC film-coated electrode could detect the BPA in aqueous solution within 3 min while neglected interference from higher concentrations of regularly existing ions and similar concentrations of estradiol (E2), phenol, dichlorophenol (DCP), and ethinylestradiol (EE2). Under optimal conditions, the linear range of BPA detection was 5 × 10−7~1 × 10−4 mol/L, with a detection limit of 1 × 10−7 mol/L, and the detection sensitivity was 92 mA/M. In addition, the ZnO/BC electrode could detect BPA in a real water sample with good signal recovery. This electrode, with the advantages of an easy preparation, low cost, and fast response time, could be potentially applicable for environmental monitoring.
Reflectance of Oil Paintings: Influence of Paint Layer Thickness and Binder Amount
Authors: Pozo-Antonio José Santiago , Cardell Carolina , Sánchez Sonia , Montes Rueda Jesús
Published: April 2022

Roughness, pigment impurities, and neoformed minerals are important factors affecting the reflectance of painted surfaces. However, other factors that have not yet been studied in detail, such as the total thickness of the paint layer and the amount of binder, should also be considered. In this research, oil painting mock-ups, each made with a different number of layers of paint containing a single pigment (lead white, orpiment, cinnabar, azurite or malachite) mixed with different proportions of oil binder, were examined using a hyperspectral imaging system. The results indicate that these characteristics do not directly influence the reflectance of the painted surface. Interestingly, we found that the distribution of the pigments and the oil binder in the paint system (and pigment-binder interaction) are also key to understanding the reflectance values. Thus, accumulation of oil on top of the uppermost paint layer in the multilayer painting mock-ups caused a reduction in reflectance. The increased translucency of the oil paint containing lead white pigment also modified the reflectance, possibly due to the formation of metal soap. Other factors found to affect the reflectance of the painting mock-ups are discussed.
Analysis and Control of Cracks in Ni60 Coating of 7050 Aluminum Alloy by Electron Beam Cladding
Authors: Liu Hailang , Zhang Qian , Chen Jian , Zeng Zhuangji , Tang Jie
Published: April 2022

Ni60 electron beam cladding can play an important role in improving the properties of 7050 aluminum alloy. The cracking of the cladding layer, however, greatly affects the cladding quality. To solve this problem, the optimum range of cladding process parameters is determined by an experimental method: electron beam current [25–30 × 10−3 A], scanning speed [10–12 mm/s] and focusing current [700–720 × 10−3 A]. Through range analysis of the experiment results, the primary and secondary order of the influence of the cladding process parameters on the crack areal density is determined as follows: electron beam current > scanning speed > focusing current. A mathematical model of the crack areal density of the cladding layer is established based on the method of nonlinear regression, which is y = 4.1553 × 104 I2.2887V−0.8379I210.2675. It is shown that the model has obvious significance in the results of variance analysis, which can provide a basis for the selection of electron beam cladding process parameters.
Effects of Orientations, Roughnesses, and Cavities on Stress-Corrosion Coupled Damage in Magnesium
Authors: Ye Jianhui , Bai Shijie , He Xinke , Chen Jianbin , Xie Chao
Published: April 2022

Orientations, roughnesses, and cavities of crystals are typical factors influencing the servicing reliability of metals in corrosive environments. A phase-field scheme for modeling stress-corrosion coupled damage (SCCD) is developed. The effects of the crystal factors on SCCD are numerically simulated using the incremental-iterative scheme of the user-defined finite elements. The impacts of orientations, roughnesses, and cavities on the corrosion rate of magnesium (Mg) in corrosive environments are discussed quantitatively. It is found that crystal textures and surface roughnesses can significantly influence the diffusion-controlled corrosion rate. Strong basal texture and a smooth surface of the crystal can significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of Mg. The cavity, as a typical crystal defect, is capable of inducing the damage path and modulating the corrosion rate. The design of crystal-scale features, such as orientations, roughnesses, and cavities, is promising for the enhancement of the resistance to SCCD.
An Analysis Method of Symplectic Dual System for Decagonal Quasicrystal Plane Elasticity and Application
Authors: Li Guangfang , Li Lianhe
Published: April 2022

The symplectic solution system of decagonal quasicrystal elastic mechanics is considered. Hamiltonian dual equations together with the boundary conditions are investigated by utilizing the principle of minimum potential energy. Then the symplectic eigenvectors are given on the basis of the variable separation method. As application, analytical solution for decagonal quasicrystal cantilever beam with concentrated load is discussed. The analytical expressions of the stresses and displacements of the phonon field and phason field are obtained. The present method allows for the exploration of new analytic solutions of quasicrystal elasticity that are difficult to obtain by other analytic methods
Real-World Adherence to Toxicity Management Guidelines for Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Teimouri Arezou , Minard Laura V. , Scott Samantha N. , Daniels Amanda , Snow Stephanie
Published: April 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) affect immunologic homeostasis, leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Early irAE detection and management can prevent significant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective chart review was performed to characterize irAEs associated with nivolumab, ipilimumab, and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in adult medical oncology patients in Nova Scotia Health-Central Zone from 2013–2020, and to describe adherence to toxicity management guidelines. Diarrhea/colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity were studied. Of 129 charts reviewed, 67 patients (51.9%) experienced at least one irAE for a total of 98 irAEs and a 1.5% fatality rate. Of these irAEs, 33.7% led to an emergency room visit. Patients were admitted to hospital and steroids were used in 24.5% and 35.7% of cases, respectively. In 17.3% of irAEs, ICIs were permanently discontinued. In 20.4% of irAEs, ICIs were held, and patients were monitored; while in 18.4%, ICIs were held until the irAE was Grade 0–1 (and until steroids were tapered). Almost 47% of irAEs were managed according to guidelines (14.3% were not), and 38.8% had no documented management. Patients receiving immunotherapy frequently experience irAEs with half of irAEs having documented management adhering to guidelines. As immunotherapy indications expand, it is important to ensure irAEs are documented and managed appropriately.
Towards Solving the “Colomerus vitis Conundrum”: Genetic Evidence Reveals a Complex of Highly Diverged Groups with Little Morphological Differentiation
Authors: Saccaggi Davina L. , Maboeei Palesa , Powell Chanté , Ngubane-Ndhlovu Nompumelelo P. , Allsopp Elleunorah , Wesley-Smith James , van Asch Barbara
Published: April 2022

Colomerus vitis is a pest of grapevine worldwide that includes three strains recognised by plant symptoms (bud, erineum, and leaf curl), which could represent cryptic species. We approached this long-standing question by integrating genetic and morphological methods. COI sequences of mites from South Africa and other countries showed five phylogenetic groups (G1 to G5) with intergroup p-distances up to 23% and intragroup divergence lower than 2%. The three groups found in South Africa (G1, G2, and G3) were screened from a variety of grapevine samples using a novel multiplex PCR method. Only G1 and G3 were significantly associated with erinea and buds, respectively, and the three groups were frequently co-present in the same plant sample. Cryo-SEM showed adults with five- and six-rayed empodia, variable microtubercle shape, and prodorsal shield patterns. Specimens with six-rayed empodia and a smooth prodorsal shield were more often associated with buds, while specimens from erinea were variable. These results support the genetic evidence in that particular groups or morphotypes are not associated exclusively with specific plant niches. We propose that C. vitis is a complex of at least five genetically distinct but morphologically similar species, and that no one species can be assigned to a particular grapevine symptom.