bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clonal Hematopoiesis in Clinical and Experimental Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Cochran Jesse D. , Yura Yoshimitsu , Thel Mark C. , Doviak Heather , Polizio Ariel H. , Arai Yuka , Arai Yohei , Horitani Keita , Park Eunbee , Chavkin Nicholas W. , Kour Anupreet , Sano Soichi , Mahajan Nitin , Evans Megan , Huba Mahalia , Naya Nadia Martinez , Sun Hanna , Ban Young Ho , Hirschi Karen K. , Toldo Stefano , Abbate Antonio , Druley Todd E. , Ruberg Frederick L. , Maurer Mathew S. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Dyck Jason R.B. , Walsh Kenneth
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), which results from an array of nonmalignant driver gene mutations, can lead to altered immune cell function and chronic disease, and has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. However, the role of CH in the prognosis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been understudied. This study aimed to characterize CH in patients with HFpEF and elucidate its causal role in a murine model.

METHODS:

Using a panel of 20 candidate CH driver genes and a variant allele fraction cutoff of 0.5%, ultradeep error-corrected sequencing identified CH in a cohort of 81 patients with HFpEF (mean age, 71±6 years; ejection fraction, 63±5%) and 36 controls without a diagnosis of HFpEF (mean age, 74±7 years; ejection fraction, 61.5±8%). CH was also evaluated in a replication cohort of 59 individuals with HFpEF.

RESULTS:

Compared with controls, there was an enrichment of
TET2
-mediated CH in the HFpEF patient cohort (12% versus 0%, respectively;
P
=0.02). In the HFpEF cohort, patients with CH exhibited exacerbated diastolic dysfunction in terms of E/e′ (14.9 versus 11.7, respectively;
P
=0.0096) and E/A (1.69 versus 0.89, respectively;
P
=0.0206) compared with those without CH. The association of CH with exacerbated diastolic dysfunction was corroborated in a validation cohort of individuals with HFpEF. In accordance, patients with HFpEF, an age ≥70 years, and CH exhibited worse prognosis in terms of 5-year cardiovascular-related hospitalization rate (hazard ratio, 5.06;
P
=0.042) compared with patients with HFpEF and an age ≥70 years without CH. To investigate the causal role of CH in HFpEF, nonconditioned mice underwent adoptive transfer with
Tet2
–wild-type or
Tet2
-deficient bone marrow and were subsequently subjected to a high-fat diet/L-NAME (N
ω
-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester) combination treatment to induce features of HFpEF. This model of
Tet2
-CH exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy by heart weight/tibia length and cardiomyocyte size, diastolic dysfunction by E/e′ and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and cardiac fibrosis compared with the
Tet2
–wild-type condition.

CONCLUSIONS:

CH is associated with worse heart function and prognosis in patients with HFpEF, and a murine experimental model of
Tet2
-mediated CH displays greater features of HFpEF.
On the Efficacy of Monin–Obukhov and Bulk Richardson Surface-Layer Parameterizations over Drylands
Authors: Lee Temple R. , Pal Sandip , Krishnan Praveena , Hirth Brian , Heuer Mark , Meyers Tilden P. , Saylor Rick D. , Schroeder John
Published: September 2023

Surface-layer parameterizations for heat, mass, momentum, and turbulence exchange are a critical component of the land surface models (LSMs) used in weather prediction and climate models. Although formulations derived from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) have long been used, bulk Richardson (Rib) parameterizations have recently been suggested as a MOST alternative but have been evaluated over a limited number of land-cover and climate types. Examining the parameterizations’ applicability over other regions, particularly drylands that cover approximately 41% of terrestrial land surfaces, is a critical step toward implementing the parameterizations into LSMs. One year (1 January–31 December 2018) of eddy covariance measurements from a 10-m tower in southeastern Arizona and a 200-m tower in western Texas were used to determine how well the Rib parameterizations for friction velocity (), sensible heat flux (H), and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) compare against MOST-derived parameterizations of these quantities. Independent of stability, wind speed regime, and season, the Rib and TKE parameterizations performed better than the MOST parameterizations, whereas MOST better represented H. Observations from the 200-m tower indicated that the parameterizations’ performance degraded as a function of height above ground. Overall, the Rib parameterizations revealed promising results, confirming better performance than traditional MOST relationships for kinematic (i.e., ) and turbulence (i.e., TKE) quantities, although caution is needed when applying the Rib H parameterizations to drylands. These findings represent an important milestone for the applicability of Rib parameterizations, given the large fraction of Earth’s surface covered by drylands.

Significance Statement

Weather forecasting models rely upon complex mathematical relationships to predict temperature, wind, and moisture. Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) has long been used to forecast these quantities near the land surface, even though MOST’s limitations are well known in the scientific community. Researchers have suggested an alternative to MOST called the bulk Richardson (Rib) approach. To allow for the Rib approach to be used in weather forecasting models, the approach needs to be tested over different land-cover and climate types. In this study, we applied the Rib approach to dry areas of the United States and found that the approach better represented turbulence variables than MOST relationships. These findings are an important step toward using Rib relationships in weather forecasting models.
Interplay between Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation and Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex Warming
Authors: Wang Feiyang , Wang Lei , Dai Tanlong , Han Yuanyuan
Published: September 2023

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) features more distinctive and complex propagation characteristics than its wintertime counterpart, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). While the relationship between the MJO and the Arctic stratosphere during boreal winter has been widely documented, the linkage between the BSISO and the Antarctic stratosphere during austral winter has not been extensively discussed. Here, after identifying the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric polar vortex warming (SPVW) events, we reveal the bidirectional connection between BSISO and SPVW. Before onset of the SPVW events, the occurrence frequency and amplitude of BSISO phase 5 (P5) shows a significant increase. The most significant responses of the SH polar stratospheric temperature to the BSISO are found about 10 days after BSISO P5. Thus, to some extent, BSISO P5 can be regarded as a precursor to the SH SPVW event, which is attributed to the enhanced upward propagation and dissipation of planetary waves in the SH stratosphere induced by the BSISO P5. After onset of the SPVW events, a significant increase in the occurrence and amplitude of BSISO P6 is observed, corresponding to the enhanced convection over the South China Sea and southern Philippine Sea. Tropical upwelling associated with the strengthened Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) induced by the SPVW tends to result in unstable circumstances in the tropical upper troposphere. Then the high correlation between static stability at 150 hPa and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies over the South China Sea and southern Philippine Sea provides robust evidence that the intensity of convective activity in the tropics can indeed be modulated by the variability in SH stratospheric polar vortex.

Significance Statement

The relationship between the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar stratosphere remains unclear. After selecting the stratospheric polar vortex warming (SPVW) events, we reveal the two-way connection between BSISO and SPVW. Before the SPVW, the significant increase in occurrence and amplitude of BSISO phase 5 (P5) suggests that BSISO P5 can be regarded as a precursor to the weakened polar vortex. After the SPVW, the significant increase in occurrence and amplitude of BSISO phase 6 (P6) establishes that environmental alteration in tropical upper troposphere induced by the SPVW provides a favorable condition for the growth of ensuing convective activity. The results here help us better understand the potential link between stratospheric polar vortex and tropical intraseasonal oscillation.
The Indian Ocean Weakens the ENSO Spring Predictability Barrier: Role of the Indian Ocean Basin and Dipole Modes
Authors: Jin Yishuai , Meng Xing , Zhang Li , Zhao Yingying , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin
Published: September 2023

Prediction of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is hindered by a spring predictability barrier (SPB). In this paper, we investigate the effects of the Indian Ocean (IO) on the SPB. Using a seasonally varying extended IO–ENSO recharge oscillator model, we find that the SPB is much weakened when IO is coupled with ENSO. To gauge the relative role of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) modes in weakening ENSO SPB, we develop an empirical dynamical model, the linear inverse model (LIM). By coupling/decoupling the IOB or IOD mode with ENSO, we show that the IOB significantly weakens eastern Pacific and central Pacific ENSO SPBs, while the IOD plays a weaker role. The evolution of the optimum initial structures also illustrates the importance of the IOB in ENSO SPB. Moreover, the IOB strongly influences the forecast skill of La Niña SPB rather than El Niño SPB. This point is also identified through six coupled models from the North American multimodel ensemble. It may be related to the role of the IO in the asymmetry in the duration of El Niño and La Niña. The IOB-induced easterly wind anomalies are conducive to the development of La Niña and thus the prediction of La Niña events, whereas these anomalous easterlies are less important during the development of El Niño and the related forecast of El Niño events.
Paired Satellite and NWP Precipitation for Global Flood Forecasting
Authors: Huang Zhijun , Wu Huan , Gu Guojun , Li Xiaomeng , Nanding Nergui , Adler Robert F. , Yilmaz Koray K. , Alfieri Lorenzo , Chen Sirong
Published: September 2023

Precipitation data are known to be the key driver of hydrological simulations. Hence, reliable quantitative precipitation estimates and forecasts are vital for accurate hydrological forecasting. Satellite-based precipitation estimates from Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM Early Run (IMERG-E) and forecasted precipitation from NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System Forward Processing (GEOS-FP) have shown values in global flood nowcasting and forecasting. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated their hydrological performance let alone explored the potential value of combining them. Therefore, this study undertakes a quasi-global evaluation of their utility in real-time hydrological monitoring and 1–5-day forecasting with the Dominant River Tracing-Routing Integrated with Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Environment (DRIVE) model. The gauge-corrected IMERG Final Run precipitation estimates and corresponding hydrological simulation are used as the references. Results showed that the hit bias is the dominant error source of IMERG-E, while the false precipitation is more noticeable in GEOS-FP. In terms of hydrological performance, the GEOS-FP-driven model (DRIVE-FP) performance is close to the IMERG-E-driven model (DRIVE-E) performance on day 1, indicating that GEOS-FP could nicely fill the gap of nowcasting caused by the IMERG-E time latency. For longer lead-time forecasts, the bias tends to diminish in most regions, likely because the under- or overestimation in IMERG-E is generally offset by the distinct types of misestimation in GEOS-FP. The skillful initial hydrological conditions present outperformed forecasts in most regions, except for tropical areas where the accuracy of GEOS-FP prevails. Overall, this study provides a valuable view of the combined use of IMERG-E and GEOS-FP precipitation in the context of hydrological nowcasts and forecasts.
Comments on “A Climatology of Cell Mergers with Supercells and Their Association with Mesocyclone Evolution” and “The Influence of Cell Mergers on Supercell Characteristics and Tornado Evolution on 27–28 April 2011”
Authors: Fischer Jannick , Flournoy Matthew D. , Lyza Anthony W.
Published: September 2023

Two recent articles investigated the evolution of supercell mesocyclone intensity during storm merger events using radar-indicated azimuthal shear. Both found that initially strong mesocyclones tended to weaken while initially weak mesocyclones statistically most frequently tended to intensify during the merger. However, these studies did not include null cases. In this article, random supercell periods are analyzed to test if a similar pattern of mesocyclone intensity variations happens in the absence of mergers. A similar pattern is found, suggesting that these intensity variations are stochastic rather than linked to merger events. Based on this finding, the datasets and conclusions of the previous two articles are reevaluated collaboratively.
Forecast Applications of GLM Gridded Products: A Data Fusion Perspective
Authors: Thiel Kevin C. , Calhoun Kristin M. , Reinhart Anthony E.
Published: September 2023

The recently deployed GOES-R series Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) provides forecasters with a new, rapidly updating lightning data source to diagnose, forecast, and monitor atmospheric convection. Gridded GLM products have been developed to improve operational forecast applications, with variables including flash extent density (FED), minimum flash area (MFA), and total optical energy (TOE). While these gridded products have been evaluated, there is a continual need to integrate these products with other datasets available to forecasters such as radar, satellite imagery, and ground-based lightning networks. Data from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, and one ground-based lightning network were compared against gridded GLM imagery from GOES-East and GOES-West in case studies of two supercell thunderstorms, along with a bulk study from 13 April to 31 May 2019, to provide further validation and applications of gridded GLM products from a data fusion perspective. Increasing FED and decreasing MFA corresponded with increasing thunderstorm intensity from the perspective of ABI infrared imagery and MRMS vertically integrated reflectivity products, and was apparent for more robust and severe convection. Flash areas were also observed to maximize between clean-IR brightness temperatures of 210–230 K and isothermal reflectivity at −10°C of 20–30 dBZ. TOE observations from both GLMs provided additional context of local GLM flash rates in each case study, due to their differing perspectives of convective updrafts.

Significance Statement

The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) is a lightning sensor on the current generation of U.S. weather satellites. This research shows how data from the space-based lightning sensor can be combined with radar, satellite imagery, and ground-based lightning networks to improve how forecasters monitor thunderstorms and issue warnings for severe weather. The rate of GLM flashes detected and the area they cover correspond well with radar and satellite signatures, especially in cases of intense and severe thunderstorms. When the GLM observes the same thunderstorm from the GOES-East and GOES-West satellites, the optical energy (brightness) of the flashes may help forecasters interpret the types of flashes observed from each sensor.
Gross and Applied Anatomy Pedagogical Approaches in Occupational Therapy Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dove Erica , Hennessy Kelly , Kirou-Mauro Athena , Aitkens Lorna , Duncan Andrea , Agur Anne , Ho Emily S.
Published: September 2023

Introduction. With technological advancements, anatomy teaching approaches in occupational therapy education have expanded. However, uncertainty remains regarding the approaches that best optimize academic and practice outcomes in student occupational therapists (OTs). Purpose. This scoping review mapped the pedagogical approaches used to teach musculoskeletal anatomy to student OTs. Methods. A scoping review was conducted, with a consultation exercise involving Canadian occupational therapy educators. Six databases were searched, with terms related to student OTs, anatomy, and education. Included articles were available in English, full text; featured empirical research of any study design and/or gray literature; featured a pedagogical approach used to teach anatomy; and targeted student OTs with the pedagogies. Results. Twenty-eight reports between 1978 and 2021 were included. Although technology-based pedagogies became more common with time, historically used pedagogies (e.g., lectures and labs) remained prominent and most common. Narrative synthesis regarding the effectiveness of anatomy pedagogical approaches identified five main factors: (a) anatomy competency; (b) teaching method diversity; (c) learner psychological considerations; (d) interprofessional education; and (e) optimal academic outcomes. Implications. This review demonstrates the importance of anatomy knowledge to occupational therapy education and practice. A diversity of pedagogical approaches, with and without technology, may foster better outcomes by addressing diverse learning needs.
Digital Media Coverage of the 2017–2018 Banking Crisis in Ghana: A Framing Analysis
Authors: Tindi Stephen , Obeng-Hinneh Rosemary
Published: September 2023

The literature on news framing largely focuses on political news. When Ghana experienced what came to be known as the “banking crisis” in 2017/2018, there was wide media coverage of the issues that came in its wake and that provided an avenue for studies on the framing of a financial phenomenon. This paper examines the online media framing of this crisis through the quantitative content analysis of 97 news articles from two online news portals: Myjoyonline and Graphiconline, which are private, and state owned. The comparative analysis of these two websites showed the predominance of the attribution of responsibility and conflict frames in their reportage, reflecting the infant stage of digital financial journalism in Ghana. Notwithstanding, the study revealed differences in how the websites used the news frames in some significant respects.
Ethnic-Racial Socialization Among Turkish-Dutch Mothers: Associations With Maternal Identity and Perceived Discrimination
Authors: Pektas Fadime , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. , Mesman Judi
Published: September 2023

Parental ethnic-racial socialization messages play an important role in children’s development of ingroup knowledge and positive intergroup relations. This study investigated ingroup ethnic-racial socialization (transferring values and practices to children about the own ethnic group) and positive outgroup ethnic-racial socialization (transferring values and practices to children about other ethnic groups) by Turkish-Dutch mothers ( n = 66, Mage = 36.18, SDage = 4.34) in the Netherlands, and examined associations with perceived ethnic discrimination, ethnic and national identity. Participants completed questionnaires and an observation task. Variable-centered analyses showed more observed ingroup than positive outgroup ethnic-racial socialization, but the opposite pattern for self-reported ethnic-racial socialization. Turkish-Dutch mothers with a stronger ethnic identity showed more ingroup ethnic-racial socialization, and mothers with stronger national identity showed more positive outgroup ethnic-racial socialization. No significant relations were found between perceived ethnic discrimination and ethnic-racial socialization. Using a person-centered approach, stronger national identity clustered with more ingroup and positive outgroup ethnic-racial socialization. The mixed results showed that it is important to use multiple methods and approaches yielding complementary insights about ethnic-racial socialization engagements of parents.
The military before the march: Civil-military grand bargains and the emergence of nonviolent resistance in autocracies
Authors: Brooks Risa , White Peter B
Published: September 2023

This article contributes to growing efforts to explain when nonviolent resistance campaigns emerge in autocratic regimes. Building from a novel framework for distinguishing civil-military relations in autocracies, it contends that regimes in which military and political leaders engage in a ‘grand bargain’ generate opportunity structures that are especially amenable to nonviolent resistance. Militaries in these regimes exhibit distinctive characteristics – they are corporate, cohesive institutions as opposed to fragmented in structure and also wield political influence in regime institutions. Consequently, these militaries are especially inclined to care about their societal reputations and to retain their institutional independence from the regime’s political leaders. These factors together can lessen expectations among activists that the military will repress protests and increase the odds of elite splits in the face of mass movements. They also render the military more receptive to nonviolent protest tactics. We operationalize the concept of grand bargains with indicators from three datasets on civil-military relations and autocratic regimes. We then test the argument quantitatively using data on the onset of nonviolent resistance campaigns, as well as events-level data on nonviolent resistance campaigns. The findings support claims that civil-military grand bargains make nonviolent resistance in autocracies more likely, contributing to scholarship on this vital topic.
Current agricultural diversification strategies are already agroecological
Authors: Lenné Jillian
Published: September 2023

Modern agriculture, especially monocultures, is increasingly blamed by proponents of agroecology for loss of biodiversity in agroecosystems through loss of natural vegetation and crop genetic diversity. However, loss of natural vegetation to agriculture has slowed in recent years, and the claim for 75% loss of crop genetic diversity due to the widespread use of improved crop varieties lacks evidence. The main objective of this perspective paper is to identify and analyze the kinds of diversity already developed by agricultural research in the context of their function, need and relevance to particular agroecological elements and principles related to biodiversity. The paper shows that biodiversity is already incorporated into agroecosystems in a multitude of ways such as improved crop varieties with functional traits; crop mixtures and dual-purpose crops in monocultures; inter-crops, strip crops or relay crops; cover crops; crop rotations; field margins; landscape diversification; crop-livestock systems; and agroforestry. Emphasis is also given to crop-associated biodiversity above ground and soil biodiversity. The paper highlights that more research is needed to (a) breed crops for multi-cropping systems; (b) improve understanding of how components of diversity interact within or across systems and scales; (c) understand the role of soil biodiversity in soil function; and (d) successfully use crop-associated biodiversity to manage pests and beneficial organisms. In the future, the promotion of agroecological principles should incorporate inputs from crop breeders, agronomists, ecologists and crop protectionists for the benefit of farmers, or such principles will remain aspirational.
Comparing Physical Activity and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Children With Physical Disabilities and Typically Developing Children
Authors: Nedim Aziz , Naz Ilknur , Felekoglu Elvan , Kopruluoglu Melissa , Kinik Merve
Published: September 2023

There are conflicting reports of the level of physical activity (PA) and its relationship to quality of life (QoL) among caregivers of children with physical disabilities (CwPD). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to compare the PA levels and QoL of two groups of caregivers – a CwPD group and caregivers of typically developing children (CwTD). We included 32 family caregivers in the CwPD group (22 women, 10 men; M age = 42.1, SD = 6.2 years) and 32 caregivers in the CwTD group (24 women, 8 men; M age = 42.3, SD = 6.1 years). We assessed PA with the International Physical Activity Scale-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and self-reported activity diaries, and we assessed QoL with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Although the IPAQ scores and sitting times of caregivers in these two groups were not statistically different ( p > .05), many parameters of self-reported activity diary data and total energy expenditure were significantly higher in the CwPD than the CwTD group ( p < .05, effect size = .53–1.10). The CwPD group reported a lower QoL according to the SF-36 and its sub-scores ( p < .05, effect size = .54–.77), and higher PA levels than those in the CwTD group. In the CwPD group, moderate, vigorous, and total PA scores were mildly to moderately associated with the total Qol score, and many of its subscores (r = .36 to .60, p < .05). The lower quality of life observed in CwPD, despite high-intensity physical activity levels, suggested that investigators and care providers should consider QoL in the CwPD group to be multifactorial and that here is a need for caregiver interventions to enhance QoL in this underserved population.
The conflictual governance of street experiments, between austerity and post-politics
Authors: Verlinghieri Ersilia , Vitale Brovarone Elisabetta , Staricco Luca
Published: September 2023

Car dependency greatly contributes to the climate crisis and the corrosion of public space. In response, cities are introducing pedestrianisation, cycle lanes or tactical urban interventions aimed at repurposing streets for other road users. Framed as ‘experiments’, these reallocations of street space disrupt traditional transport planning procedures, often with promising results in promoting active travel. They are also associated with deep conflicts and criticism, especially by citizens defending the right to drive. Despite their ability to stop experiments, such conflicts have been little explored in the debates about experimentation and automobility. Similarly, street experiments have in most cases been uncritically embraced as a panacea for urban mobility problems, with little attention paid to experimentation as an expression of austerity urbanism. This paper aims to deepen our understanding of street experiments and their relationship to automobility by contextualising their conflictual unfolding as an expression of post-political planning in the age of austerity urbanism. Through a critical examination of the Torino Mobility Lab, a collaborative pedestrianisation experiment in Torino, we show how the governance-beyond-state setup of such projects masks a complex and contested coexistence of different meanings and processes for reimagining urban mobility and public space. We show how conflicts emerge embedded in the problematic and post-political governance of transport experiments. Nested within austerity urbanism, the experiment remains limited in its ability to create healthy spaces for participation. We conclude by highlighting the limitations and contradictions of attempts to overcome car dependency embedded in post-political frameworks and neoliberal-austerity planning practices.
How to Avoid the Cultural Distortion Risk at Heritage Sites? A Configuration Analysis Perspective
Authors: Zhang Shu-Ning , Ruan Wen-Qi , Li Yong-Quan , Li Rui , Wang Mei-Yu
Published: September 2023

Cultural distortion risk (CDR) threatens and challenges the cultural sustainability of heritage sites. This study adopted a sequential exploratory mixed-method design comprising grounded theory and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze the influencing factors, formation process, and avoidance paths of cultural distortion risk. The results indicate that CDR is caused by the “institution-market-production” framework, which involves eight influencing factors and 21 indicators. There are no necessary conditions for CDR formation, but weak cultural production plays a universal core role in forming high CDR. Moreover, our study highlights that the generation logic of CDR consists of four configurations and that the avoidance paths cover three configurations. These findings clarify the generation mechanism of CDR and expand the theoretical system of cultural sustainability research from a risk perspective. Heritage sites can use 21 indicators to reduce the cultural distortion risks by establishing institutional guarantee mechanisms and strengthening multiparty collaborative governance.
Book review: James Crabtree, The Billionaire Raj
Authors: Agarwal Manmohan
Published: September 2023

James Crabtree, The Billionaire Raj, Harper Collins, 2018, pp. 358+ xxv, ₹799, ISBN 9789353020170 (Hardcover).
Rewriting Purushartha: Masculinity, Gendered Violence, and Patriarchal Control in Yashpal’s Jhutha Sach
Authors: Singh Shailendra Kumar
Published: September 2023

This article investigates the implicit subtext of masculinity that undergirds Yashpal’s two-volume novel Jhutha Sach (The False Truth, 1958–1960), one of the most frequently sidestepped classics of Partition literature. It seeks to address the persistent scholarly amnesia that largely exists within the ever-expanding corpus of Partition Studies and which, more often than not, reveals an overwhelming preoccupation with questions relating to violence, memory, trauma, and testimony. While the usual suspects of Partition literature have been analysed and re-analysed over and over again, the most voluminous fictional account of the devastating tragedy has received scant critical attention. Yashpal’s novel both foregrounds a narrative of hurt, violence, and suffering as well as espouses discursive notions of survival, fortitude, and recuperation. The male characters are not only symbolically emasculated on various occasions but also strategically pitted against the more defiant, heroic, and resourceful female protagonists, enabling the novel to underscore a radical feminist aesthetics that seeks to move beyond the classical themes of Partition literature, such as bewilderment, disorientation, and vulnerability.
Land Leasing in Kerala: Evidences from a Field Survey
Authors: Alha Akhil
Published: September 2023

This article, based on a primary survey in two villages of Wayanad district in Kerala, argues that the high incidence of landlessness, as well as the predominance of marginal and small landholdings, has maintained a high incidence of tenancy in Kerala. The tenancy market is dominated by farmers with smaller landholdings. The land is leased mainly for the cultivation of cash crops under cash rents. The land for leasing is supplied by those landed households who have withdrawn from agriculture due to better earnings from non-farm sector, difficulties in procuring labour for agricultural tasks and dwindling irrigation resources. The landless and marginal-small farming households predominantly form the pool of lessees who lease land for two important reasons. First, the growing opportunities in the non-farm sector have been uneven in nature in the sense that they have absorbed only a section of rural labour, leaving many others to remain in cultivation and augment their family income through the leasing of land. Second, lease cultivation, in spite of high fluctuations in the prices and production of crops, is generally profitable for lessees in normal years and when the prices are on an upswing. Given the role of land leasing in providing economic support to rural poor households, the state government should revisit the legal ban of land leasing on Kerala.
Wither ‘Personal’ Law?
Authors: Baxi Upendra
Published: September 2023

Saumya Saxena, Divorce and Democracy: A History of Personal Law in Post-Independence India, Cambridge University Press, 2022, 350 pp., ₹1095, ISBN: 9781108498340 (Hardcover).
Book review: Chulsu Kim, Tongsang-eul Nyum-yuh Byun-young-eu-ro - Kyung-je Bal- jeon-goa Hankook-yui Tongsang [Beyond Trade, Towards Prosperity: Economic Development and Korea’s Trade]
Authors: Ko Bomin
Published: September 2023

Chulsu Kim, Tongsang-eul Nyum-yuh Byun-young-eu-ro - Kyung-je Bal- jeon-goa Hankook-yui Tongsang [Beyond Trade, Towards Prosperity: Economic Development and Korea’s Trade] (Korean), Good Soil Publisher (ÁÁÀº ¶¥), 2014, 565 pp., ₩25000, ISBN 9788964498484 (Paperback).
Systemic Hypocrisy in United States Foreign Policy
Authors: Regilme Salvador Santino F.
Published: September 2023

Why is contemporary United States foreign policy systemically hypocritical? This essay offers a legal realist perspective, which considers human rights and democracy-oriented narratives as morally appealing meta-discourses that are subject to reframing, weaponisation, and instrumentalisation by a wide variety of contending political actors in pursuit of concrete material or policy objectives. The perspective of legal realism is used in the case of post-Cold War United States foreign policy to understand how normative discourses are used across various geographies of geopolitical contestations in which state-initiated violence and death are prevalent. This commentary suggests that in pursuit of its geostrategic and economic objectives, the United States government’s human rights rhetoric abroad did not match the actual consequences of its domestic and foreign policies, thereby showing systemic hypocrisy.
The Tribunate as a Realist Democratic Innovation
Authors: Prinz Janosch , Westphal Manon
Published: September 2023

We argue that a reinvention of the plebeian tribunate should play a key role in addressing the challenges stemming from increasing concentrations of, and inequalities in, social, political, economic, and cultural power in liberal democracies. Addressing these challenges, which negatively affect parliamentary representation, requires a form of institutional innovation that gives voice to non-elites who are ruled but do not rule. We propose revisions of the composition and tasks of the tribunate that are tailored to these current challenges. Our fully randomly selected tribunate emerges as a vehicle not only for contesting concentrated power but also for articulating lines of conflict, disruptive agenda-setting, and political experimentation. Our proposal contributes to developing realist democratic theory. We argue that the reinvented tribunate not only meets realist commitments to avoiding moralization and idealization but also demonstrates the underexploited capacity of realism to inform institutional innovation and thus contribute to substantial political analysis.
How Self-Determination Moderates Burnout in Public Organizations Across Gender, Race, and Generation
Authors: Le Thai V. , Barboza-Wilkes Cynthia
Published: September 2023

Applying a critical lens to self-determination theory, this study examines which organizational and individual characteristics in local government impact burnout, looking specifically at differences across diverse groups. This study uses survey data from a sample of more than 2,500 local government employees from a large city in California. Factor analyses and multivariate regressions are used to empirically examine the impact of multiple organizational characteristics and individual differences on employee burnout. Findings show perceptions of fairness, autonomy, influence, cultural competence, ethnic and gender representation, and time engaging residents differ in their impact on burnout across different groups, leaving some minoritized groups more vulnerable to burnout. Findings also indicate how self-efficacy and prosocial motivation have varying effects across sociodemographic groups. For some groups, burnout can manifest as an increase in emotional exhaustion, while other groups experience depersonalization and the loss of personal accomplishment. Research on this issue can help inform more equitable and culturally appropriate organizational practices that can improve climate of inclusion, employee well-being, and public service outcomes. This analysis contributes to diversity management and representative bureaucracy research—important areas of study as the public sector consider an increasingly diverse future workforce.
Guilt, Shame, and Religious Ingratiation: The Mediating Role of Prayer and the Moderating Role of Intrinsic Religious Orientation
Authors: Zarzycka Beata , Tomaka Kamil , Rybarski Radosław
Published: September 2023

Emotions are essential in many areas of human life, including religion. Religion can arouse emotions, for example, God’s closeness can be a source of joy and gratitude, while God’s silence can cause anger or disappointment. Furthermore, and vice versa, emotions can affect how people experience or refer to God. This study investigated guilt and shame in relation to prayer and ingratiatory behavior toward God. A moderated mediation model was tested in two samples of Polish adults (Sample 1: n = 321; 53.9% female, mean age = 37.07, and Sample 2: n = 344; 57.0% female, mean age = 37.07) to examine the mediating role of prayer and moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between guilt and shame with religious ingratiation. The Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, Religious Ingratiation Scale, Multidimensional Prayer Inventory, and Religious Orientation Scale were used in the study. Guilt and shame positively correlated with religious ingratiation. In both samples, the guilt and shame–religious ingratiation link was mediated through adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, and reception prayer among those low in intrinsic religious orientation.
Sliding-mode observer-based fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of the main drive system of rolling mill
Authors: Zhang Ruicheng , Li Pengfei , Liang Weizheng
Published: September 2023

In order to address the problem that the main drive system of rolling mill is easily affected by the impact of biting steel, and considering the nonlinear friction damping and the external perturbations of the main drive system of rolling mill during the rolling process, a fault model of the main drive system of rolling mill is established, and a fault diagnosis and fault tolerance control method of the main drive system of rolling mill based on the nonlinear sliding-mode observer is proposed. In order to suppress the influence of external perturbations on fault diagnosis, a nonlinear sliding-mode observer is constructed for fault diagnosis and fault reconfiguration of the system, and the robustness of the observer to fault reconfiguration is improved by using the sliding-mode control rate [Formula: see text], and the stability of the designed nonlinear sliding-mode observer is proved using Lyapunov’s stability theorem. In order to ensure that the system can operate normally even after a fault occurs, a reference model is designed, and a new controller is redesigned for fault-tolerant control of the system by adding a fault compensation term to the original control scheme using fault estimation information. Through the simulation study of the main drive system of stand F4 of 2030 mm cold rolling mill, it is verified that the observer can accurately track the system state with an angular velocity error of 2.45% and detect and estimate the main drive system failure of rolling mill with an estimation error of no more than 0.04% after a fault occurs; the fault-tolerant control of the main drive system of rolling mill is carried out by using the fault information to restore the system to its normal state, and the angular velocity error is 1.89%.
Design of unknown input observer for discrete-time Markov jump systems with unknown input in both state equation and output equation
Authors: Lian Lian , Tian Zhongda
Published: September 2023

The problem of unknown input observer design for discrete-time nonlinear generalized Markov jump systems is studied. First, like a normal system, the whole nonlinear system is transformed into a local linear system, and then a large number of linear system theories can be applied to solve related problems. Second, in the observer design of general discrete-time Markov jump systems, only the unknown input in the state equation is usually considered. In this paper, the unknown input is considered in both the state equation and the output equation. The state estimation error system is derived by defining the error. The non-uniform Lyapunov functional is selected to stabilize the estimation error system using the Lyapunov theory. The sufficient conditions for the stability of the system are obtained and transformed into the feasibility problem of linear matrix inequality. The problem of unknown input observer design for discrete-time nonlinear generalized Markov jump systems is solved using MATLAB software. Finally, a numerical example of two rules and two modes is used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed unknown input observer.
Comparison of commingled and sequential production schemes by sensitivity analysis for Gulf of Mexico Paleogene Deepwater turbidite oil fields: A simulation study
Authors: Rustamzade Elnara , Pan Wen , Foster John T. , Pyrcz Michael
Published: September 2023

A commingled production scheme, where wells are simultaneously completed in multiple reservoir units, offers a cost-effective alternative worldwide. However, their behavior can be more complex than single-unit wells in sequential production. Limited completion studies exist for the unique Paleogene Gulf of Mexico fields. To aid decision-making, we conducted a numerical study using geological and reservoir models of Lower and Upper Wilcox units, based on publicly available data. Results show that commingled production maximizes per-well oil production compared to sequential schemes. Over 30 years, it provides 61% more oil recovery, and over 50 years, it yields 21% more. One-factor-at-a-time design of experiments sensitivity analysis identifies that key reservoir properties influencing oil recovery in both schemes are upper and lower unit thicknesses, facies proportion of the upper unit. Additionally, average permeability of the lower unit plays a significant role in sequential production schemes.
Sequential Bayesian Ability Estimation Applied to Mixed-Format Item Tests
Authors: Xiong Jiawei , Cohen Allan S. , Xiong Xinhui (Maggie)
Published: September 2023

Large-scale tests often contain mixed-format items, such as when multiple-choice (MC) items and constructed-response (CR) items are both contained in the same test. Although previous research has analyzed both types of items simultaneously, this may not always provide the best estimate of ability. In this paper, a two-step sequential Bayesian (SB) analytic method under the concept of empirical Bayes is explored for mixed item response models. This method integrates ability estimates from different item formats. Unlike the empirical Bayes method, the SB method estimates examinees’ posterior ability parameters with individual-level sample-dependent prior distributions estimated from the MC items. Simulations were used to evaluate the accuracy of recovery of ability and item parameters over four factors: the type of the ability distribution, sample size, test length (number of items for each item type), and person/item parameter estimation method. The SB method was compared with a traditional concurrent Bayesian (CB) calibration method, EAPsum, that uses scaled scores for summed scores to estimate parameters from the MC and CR items simultaneously in one estimation step. From the simulation results, the SB method showed more accurate and reliable ability estimation than the CB method, especially when the sample size was small (150 and 500). Both methods presented similar recovery results for MC item parameters, but the CB method yielded a bit better recovery of the CR item parameters. The empirical example suggested that posterior ability estimated by the proposed SB method had higher reliability than the CB method.
Oh the Anxiety! The Anxiety of Supervisor Bottom-Line Mentality and Mitigating Effects of Ethical Leadership
Authors: Mitchell Marie S. , Hetrick Andrea L. , Mawritz Mary B. , Edwards Bryan D. , Greenbaum Rebecca L.
Published: September 2023

Prior work on supervisor bottom-line mentality (SBLM) has suggested it represents a static, unbending focus, with supervisors so focused on the bottom line that they discount ethical considerations. We propose that SBLM varies, within-person, given various factors in a supervisor's work life that pull and push their attention to and away from the bottom line across their workweeks. We theorize that the varying nature of SBLM elicits anxiety in employees that is exhausting because, on the days supervisors give greater emphasis to the bottom line, employees must abandon the comfort of their routines to produce bottom-line results. Ultimately, this experience motivates employee unethical behavior (i.e., coworker undermining). We also predict that, by providing employees support and guidance, supervisors’ steadfast commitment to ethics (i.e., between-person ethical leadership perceptions) influences the degree to which exhausted employees undermine their coworkers. Results from three experience-sampling methodology studies using diverse samples of working adults support our predictions. In Study 3, we also test assumptions in our theorizing with research questions about potential antecedents of SBLM variability and the moderating effects of ethical leadership. These results revealed that supervisor daily ratings of their leader's BLM and the supervisor's own job demands prompted SBLM variation. In addition, supervisor daily ratings of their own BLM were related to employee-rated daily SBLM. Second, while ethical leadership varies within-person, within-person perceptions did not moderate effects; only between-person perceptions (or employee perceptions of their supervisor's general commitment to ethics) did. Implications for theory and research are provided.
Aspect term extraction via adaptive fusion of sequential and hierarchical representation
Authors: Shang Lili , Zuo Meiyun
Published: September 2023

In aspect-based sentiment analysis, a fundamental task is extracting aspect terms from opinionated sentences. Aspect term extraction (ATE) has been found to play a critical role among several scenarios, such as service quality improvement and recommendation systems. While deep learning-based methods have achieved great progress in ATE, they mainly consider sequential semantic information and generally ignore the utilisation of syntactic relations of the whole sentence on overall meanings. Furthermore, performances of these methods may also be diminished by poor handling of relation and text noises. To address these issues, we propose a fused sequential and hierarchical representation (FSHR) model, wherein both sequential and hierarchical representations are generated, which facilitates not only the capture of linear semantic information for predicting meaning-related aspect terms but also the utilisation of syntactic relations over the entire sentence to better identify structure-related aspect terms. Moreover, to refine the aspect representation, we incorporate relation-gate mechanism which selectively activates meaningful syntactic dependency paths and design the multi-way aspect attention which prompts the model to focus on relevant text segments about particular aspects. Eventually, sequential and hierarchical representations are adaptively fused for aspect prediction. Experiment results on four datasets demonstrate that FSHR outperforms competitive baselines, and further extensive analyses reveal the effectiveness of our model.