bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Megacity and local contributions to regional air pollution: An aircraft case study over London
Authors: Ashworth Kirsti , Bucci Silvia , Gallimore Peter J. , Lee Junghwa , Nelson Beth S. , Sanchez Marroquin Alberto , Schimpf Marina B. , Smith Paul D. , Drysdale Will S. , Hopkins Jim R. , Lee James D. , Pitt Joe R. , Di Carlo Piero , Krejci Radovan , McQuaid James B.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In July 2017 three research flights circumnavigating the megacity of London were conducted as a part of the STANCO training school for students and early career researchers organised by EUFAR (European Facility for Aircraft Research). Measurements were made from the UK’s Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146-301 Atmospheric Research Aircraft with the aim to sample, characterise and quantify the impact of megacity outflow pollution on air quality in the surrounding region. Conditions were extremely favourable for airborne measurements and all three flights were able to observe clear pollution events along the flight path. A small change in wind direction provided sufficiently different airmass origins over the two days such that a distinct pollution plume from London, attributable marine emissions and a double-peaked dispersed area of pollution resulting from a combination of local and transported emissions were measured. We were able to analyse the effect of London emissions on air quality in the wider region and the extent to which local sources contribute to pollution events. The background air upwind of London was relatively clean during both days; concentrations of CO were 88–95 ppbv, total (measured) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 1.6–1.8 ppbv, and NOx were 0.7–0.8 ppbv. Downwind of London, we encountered elevations in all species with CO > 100 ppbv, VOCs 2.8–3.8 ppbv, CH4 > 2080 ppbv and NOx > 4 ppbv, and peak concentrations in individual pollution events higher still. Levels of O3 were inversely correlated with NOx during the first flight, with O3 concentrations of 37 ppbv upwind falling to ~ 26 ppbv in the well-defined London plume. Mass balance techniques were applied to estimate pollutant fluxes from London. Our calculated CO2 fluxes are within 10 % of those estimated previously, but there was a greater disparity in our estimates of CH4 and CO. On the second day, winds were lighter and downwind O3 concentrations were elevated to ~ 39–43 ppbv (from ~ 32–35 ppbv upwind), reflecting the contribution of more aged pollution to the regional background. Elevations in pollutant concentrations were dispersed over a wider area than the first day, although we also encountered a number of clear spikes from local sources. This series of flights demonstrated that megacity outflow, local fresh emissions and more distant UK sources of pollution all contribute to pollution events in the southeast of the UK. These sources must therefore all be well-characterised and constrained to understand air quality around London.
Organic-carbon-rich sediments: benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of depositional environments
Authors: Lo Giudice Cappelli Elena , Clarke Jessica Louise , Smeaton Craig , Davidson Keith , Austin William Edward Newns
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Fjords have been described as hotspots for carbon burial,
potentially playing a key role within the carbon cycle as climate regulators
over multiple timescales. Nevertheless, little is known about the long-term
fate of the carbon that may become stored in fjordic sediments. One of the
main reasons for this knowledge gap is that carbon arriving on the seafloor
is prone to post-depositional degradation, posing a great challenge when
trying to discriminate between an actual change in the carbon deposition rate
and post-depositional carbon loss. In this study, we evaluate the use of
modern benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of organic carbon content in
six voes (fjords) on the west coast of Shetland. Benthic foraminifera are
known to be sensitive to changes in organic carbon content in the sediments,
and changes in their assemblage composition therefore reflect synchronous
variations in the quantity and quality of carbon reaching the seafloor. We
identified four environments based on the relationship between benthic
foraminiferal assemblages and organic carbon content in the sediments: (1) land-locked regions influenced by riverine and/or freshwater inputs of organic
matter, namely the head of fjords with a restricted geomorphology; (2) stressed environments with a heavily stratified water column and sediments
rich in organic matter of low nutritional value; (3) depositional
environments with moderate organic content and mild or episodic current
activity; and (4) marginal to coastal settings with low organic content, such as
fjords with an unrestricted geomorphology. We conclude that foraminifera
potentially provide a tool to disentangle primary organic carbon signals
from post-depositional degradation and loss of organic carbon because of
their environmental sensitivity and high preservation potential in the
sedimentary record.
A new merge of global surface temperature datasets since the start of the 20th century
Authors: Yun Xiang , Huang Boyin , Cheng Jiayi , Xu Wenhui , Qiao Shaobo , Li Qingxiang
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Global surface temperature (ST) datasets are the foundation for global
climate change research. Several global ST datasets have been developed by
different groups in NOAA NCEI, NASA GISS, UK Met Office Hadley Centre & UEA CRU,
and Berkeley Earth. In this study, a new global ST dataset
named China Merged Surface Temperature (CMST) was presented. CMST is created by
merging the China-Land Surface Air Temperature (C-LSAT1.3) with sea surface
temperature (SST) data from the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface
Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5). The merge of C-LSAT and ERSSTv5 shows a
high spatial coverage extended to the high latitudes and is more consistent
with a reference of multi-dataset averages in the polar regions. Comparisons
indicated that CMST is consistent with other existing global ST datasets in
interannual and decadal variations and long-term trends at global, hemispheric,
and regional scales from 1900 to 2017. The CMST dataset can be used for
global climate change assessment, monitoring, and detection. The CMST
dataset presented here is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901295 (Li, 2019a) and has been
published on the Climate Explorer website of the Royal Netherlands
Meteorological Institute (KNMI) at http://climexp.knmi.nl/select.cgi?id=someone@somewhere&field=cmst (last access: 11 August 2018; Li, 2019b, c).
LA-ICP-MS U-Pb carbonate geochronology: strategies, progress, and application to fracture-fill calcite
Authors: Roberts Nick M. W. , Drost Kerstin , Horstwood Matthew S. A. , Condon Daniel J. , Chew David , Drake Henrik , Milodowski Antoni E. , McLean Noah M. , Smye Andrew J. , Walker Richard J. , Haslam Richard , Hodson Keith , Imber Jonathan , Beaudoin Nicolas
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb geochronology of carbonate minerals, calcite in particular, is rapidly gaining popularity as an absolute dating method. The technique has proven useful for dating fracture-fill calcite, which provides a powerful record of palaeohydrology, and within certain constraints, can be used to bracket the timing of brittle fracture and fault development. The high spatial resolution of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb carbonate geochronology is beneficial over traditional Isotope Dilution methods, particularly for diagenetic and hydrothermal calcite, because uranium and lead are heterogeneously distributed on the sub-mm scale. At the same time, this can provide limitations to the method, as locating zones of radiogenic lead can be time-consuming and ‘hit or miss’. Here, we present strategies for dating carbonates with in situ techniques, through imaging and petrographic techniques to data interpretation; we focus on examples of fracture-filling calcite, but most of our discussion is relevant to all carbonate applications. We demonstrate these strategies through a series of case studies. We review several limitations to the method, including open system behaviour, variable initial lead compositions, and U-daughter disequilibrium. We also discuss two approaches to data collection: traditional spot analyses guided by petrographic and elemental imaging, and image-based dating that utilises LA-ICP-MS elemental and isotopic map data.
Real-time destination prediction for mobile users
Authors: Mariescu-Istodor Radu , Ungureanu Roxana , Fränti Pasi
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The number of GPS trajectories recorded daily has been continuously growing in the recent years and new methods to analyse such big data are surfacing all the time. In this paper, we focus on destination prediction, which is useful in various applications like hazard detection and advertisement. We proposed a real-time method for destination prediction of moving users. It uses the current movement trajectory of the user together with historical and regional information to make an accurate prediction. The method is efficient because we can rapidly compute features with the help of spatial and non-spatial indexing methods. We tested the method with real trajectories collected by Mopsi users. The success rate of the method is up to 65 % depending on the length of the recorded trajectory so far, i.e. how long the user has been on move. To our knowledge, this is the first real-time system capable of such success.
Towards Urban Environment Familiarity Prediction
Authors: Gokl Lukas , Mc Cutchan Marvin , Mazurkiewicz Bartosz , Fogliaroni Paolo , Giannopoulos Ioannis
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Location Based Services (LBS) are definitely very helpful for people that interact within an unfamiliar environment, but also for those that already possess a certain level of familiarity with it. In order to avoid overwhelming familiar users with unnecessary information, the level of details offered by the LBS shall be adapted to the level of familiarity with the environment: providing more details to unfamiliar users and a lighter amount of information (that would be superfluous, if not even misleading) to the users that are more familiar with the current environment. Currently, the information exchange between the service and its users is not taking into account familiarity. Within this work, we investigate the potential of machine learning for a binary classification of environment familiarity (i.e., familiar vs unfamiliar) with the surrounding environment. For this purpose, a 3D virtual environment based on a part of Vienna, Austria was designed using datasets from the municipal government. During a navigation experiment with 22 participants we collected ground truth data in order to train four machine learning algorithms. The captured data included motion and orientation of the users as well as visual interaction with the surrounding buildings during navigation. This work demonstrates the potential of machine learning for predicting the state of familiarity as an enabling step for the implementation of LBS better tailored to the user.
Refractory Black carbon (rBC) variability in a 47-year West Antarctic Snow and Firn core
Authors: Marquetto Luciano , Kaspari Susan , Cardia Simões Jefferson
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is an important climate-forcing agent that affects snow albedo. In this work, we present a record of refractory black carbon (rBC) variability, measured from a 20-meter deep snow and firn core drilled in West Antarctica (79°55'34.6"S, 94°21'13.3"W) during the 2014–2015 austral summer. The core was analyzed using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) coupled to a CETAC Marin-5 nebulizer. Results show a well-defined seasonality with geometric mean concentrations of 0.015 µg L−1 for the wet season (summer/fall) and 0.057 µg L−1 for the dry season (winter/spring). The core was dated to 47 years (1968–2015) using rBC seasonality as the main parameter, along with Na, S and Sr variations. The annual rBC concentration geometric mean was 0.03 µg L−1, the lowest of all rBC cores in Antarctica referenced in this work, while the annual rBC flux was 6.25 µg m−2 a−1, the lowest flux in West Antarctica records so far. No long-term trend was observed. Snow albedo changes in the site due to BC were simulated using SNICAR-online and found to be very low comparing to clean snow (−0.48 %). Fire spots inventory and BC emission estimates from the Southern Hemisphere suggest Australia and Southern Hemisphere South America as the most probable emission sources of BC to the drilling site. Spectral analysis (REDFIT method) of the BC record showed cycles related to the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) but not to El Niño Southern Oscillation ENSO, and comparison with time series of co-registered Na record suggest BC transport to the site not to be related to the intrusion of marine air masses.
A model for French-press experiments of dry snow compaction
Authors: Meyer Colin R. , Keegan Kaitlin M. , Baker Ian , Hawley Robert L.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Compaction is the process by which snow densifies, storing water in alpine regions and transforming snow into ice on the surface of glaciers. Despite its importance in determining snow-water equivalent and glacier-induced sea level rise, we still lack a complete understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying snow compaction. In essence, compaction is a rheological process, where the rheology evolves with depth due to variation in temperature, pressure, humidity, meltwater. The rheology of snow compaction can be determined in a few ways, for example, through empirical investigations (e.g. Herron & Langway,1980 J. Glaciol.), by microstructural considerations (e.g. Alley, 1987 J. Phys.), or by measuring the rheology directly, which is the approach we take here. Using a ``French-press'' compression stage, Wang and Baker (2013, J. Geophys. Res.) compressed numerous snow samples of different densities. Here we derive a mixture theory for compaction and air flow through the porous snow to compare against these experimental data. We find that a plastic compaction law explains experimental results. Taking standard forms for the permeability and effective pressure as functions of the porosity, we show that this compaction mode persists for a range of densities and overburden loads. These findings suggest that measuring compaction in the lab is a promising direction for determining the rheology of snow though its many stages of densification.
From Filling Buckets to Lighting Fires: The ABA Standards and the Effects of Teaching Methods, Assessments, and Feedback on Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Luke Derek
Published: November 2019

N/A
El impacto sobre el pensamiento jurídico colonial americano del Bonham’s Case: James Otis y el Writs of Assistance Case (1761)
Authors: Fernández Segado Francisco
Published: November 2019

El célebre dictum del juez Edward Coke formulado en el Bonham’s case enunciaba la teoría constitucional de la revisión judicial de la legislación. Aunque el significado último del dictum de Coke ha sido objeto de una acalorada discusión, el profesor Plucknett fue el primero en defender que «la solución que Coke encontró residía en la idea de un derecho fundamental que limitaba a la Corona y al Parlamento indistintamente». El pensamiento jurídico de Coke tendría un notable impacto en las colonias americanas. Los hombres de la Revolución americana se nutrieron intelectualmente de los escritos de lord Coke, en particular de sus Institutes. Su dictum se convirtió en la doctrina según la cual un tribunal podía considerar nula una ley promulgada por una asamblea legislativa limitada por un derecho fundamental cuando el tribunal considerara que la ley había transgredido sus límites. James Otis, en el famoso caso de los writs of assistance (1761), iba a sostener en las colonias la doctrina del juez Coke. El abogado bostoniano adujo que los writs tenían la naturaleza de mandamientos generales y que aunque antiguamente existía la práctica de conceder mandamientos generales para buscar mercancías robadas, sin embargo, desde hacía muchos años esta práctica había sido alterada y los jueces de paz solo concedían mandamientos especiales para buscar en lugares enunciados en los mandamientos, y, por tanto, el writ era contrario a los principios fundamentales del Derecho. Particularmente se oponía al privilegio de la casa, porque «un hombre que está tranquilo, está tan seguro en su casa como un príncipe en su castillo, no obstante todas sus deudas y los proceses civiles de cualquier tipo». Por último, Otis calificará el mandamiento de búsqueda general como «el peor instrumento de poder arbitrario, el más destructivo de la libertad inglesa y de los principios fundamentales del Derecho que nunca se haya encontrado en la jurisprudencia inglesa».
Semestre Europeo: la supervisión de las políticas económicas, presupuestarias y fiscales del Estado español
Authors: Ferrer Martín de Vidales Covadonga
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo analiza la supervisióN de las políticas económicas, fiscales y presupuestarias del Estado español llevada a cabo en el marco del Semestre Europeo, con el objeto de identificar los principales ámbitos en los que ha sido necesario realizar reformas para cumplir con las orientaciones y prioridades acordadas en el mismo.
El Tribunal Constitucional ante la Ley de Unidad de Mercado: ¿por el camino de en medio? (STC 79/2017)
Authors: García Vitoria Ignacio
Published: November 2019

La STC 79/2017, de 22 de junio, sobre la Ley de Unidad de Mercado, constituye un hito importante en el desarrollo de la competencia del Estado sobre la ordenación general de la actividad económica. Se analizan las novedades respecto a la prohibición de vaciamiento de las competencias autonómicas y al principio de territorialidad de dichas competencias.
Recuperar las Cortes. Consideraciones elementales para una reforma del sistema electoral
Authors: Peralta Martínez Ramón
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo plantea una crítica constructiva al actual sistema electoral español que incluye una serie de consideraciones básicas dirigidas a la reforma del mismo. El trabajo parte de la consideración del principio representativo propio de la democracia constitucional hacia una finalidad concreta, la de «recuperar las Cortes» como asamblea representativa del pueblo español. El déficit representativo y la creciente desconexión de los ciudadanos en relación con el Parlamento son el punto de partida para plantear mejoras respecto de la fórmula electoral.
Interpretación de la Constitución, Estado autonómico y Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Torres Muro Ignacio
Published: November 2019

En el presente trabajo se aporta un análisis sobre el principio autonómico con base en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional.
Pre and Post MCCG 2017: Board Audit Committee Effectiveness and Independence Issues
Authors: Baharudin Dayana Mastura
Published: November 2019

Purpose – This study investigates the impact of the two main issues of the fortification of the Board Audit Committee which includes the effectiveness and independence factors practiced within the Audit Committee compared between the MCCG 2012 and the MCCG 2017 era.Design/methodology/approach –In order to review the performance of active and distinct Board Audit Committees, purposeful sampling approach is used, accompanied with regression analysis, content analysis, and systematic prior research, which evaluates the Annual Reports, Sustainability Reports and Integrated Reports.Originality/value – This study is a systematic review of recent research developments in MCCG 2012 and MCCG 2017. The Effective Board Audit Committee and the Independent Board Audit Committee scoring indices designed could also be applied to other PLCs other than the Malaysian oil and gas industry.
Situational Analysis of Indian Furniture Industry
Authors: Kumari Neeraj
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The study aims to do marketing mix of plastic furniture industry, to do SWOT analysis of furniture industry and Nilkamal group of companies, and to recommend marketing strategies for the plastic furniture industry.Research Design, Data & Methodology: A structured questionnaire has been used to collect primary data. Convenience sampling has been used in the study. The sample size is 120.Results: The strengths of Nilkamal are as follows: National leader, Pro-actively enters new segments and markets, Partners well-established companies, Strong distribution in the company, Vast product range with emphasis on quality, Financially strong, and Strong R & D.Conclusion: In order to improve its marketing strategies, Nilkamal can take the following steps: Target Kid’s furniture kit, Advertise the products as being designed with respect to safety by avoiding sharp edges, The furniture set can be customized to suit the kid’s tastes, A retail chain for plastic furniture can be opened in the major cities, A resale store can be opened at major cities in the country where the sales of plastic furniture are high, and Venture into wood-plastic composite furniture.
Mismatches in free relatives – grafting nanosyntactic trees
Authors: Bergsma Fenna
Published: November 2019

German free relative constructions allow for case requirement mismatches under two types of circumstances. The first is when the case required in the embedded clause is more complex (NOM < ACC < GEN < DAT) than the case required in the main clause, and the relative pronoun takes the form of the embedded clause case. The second type of circumstance is when the form that corresponds to the two required cases is syncretic. I propose an analysis that combines Caha’s (2009) case hierarchy in Nanosyntax with Van Riemsdijk’s (2006a) concept of Grafting. By placing case features as separate heads in the syntax, a less complex case can be Grafted into a different clause, explaining the first type of circumstance. The second type makes reference to the fact that syncretic forms are inserted via the same lexical entry (Superset Principle). A cross-linguistic comparison shows that it is language-specific whether a more complex case requirement in the main or embedded clause causes non-matching non-syncretic free relatives to be grammatical. For all languages it holds that the relative pronoun appears in the most complex case required, which provides additional evidence for case being complex and more complex cases being able to license less complex cases.
The Struggle for Sustainable Waste Management in Hong Kong: 1950s–2010s
Authors: Fabian Nele , Lou Loretta Ieng Tak
Published: November 2019

As Hong Kong’s landfills are expected to reach saturated conditions by 2020, the city can no longer rely on landfilling alone as the sole solution for waste treatment in the long term. Drawing on five months of archival research at the University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Public Records Office (PRO) in 2016 as well as 17 months of fieldwork conducted between 2012, 2013 and 2016, this article provides a much-needed overview of why sustainable waste management has always been such a challenge for Hong Kong. Focusing on the city’s dependence on landfills and its failure to integrate alternative waste management technologies, namely incineration, into its current waste management regime, we explicate Hong Kong’s waste management predicaments from the 1950s to the present day. Through a historical lens, we argue that Hong Kong’s waste problems have a historical root and that they are unlikely to be resolved unless the government is willing to learn from its past mistakes and adopt a much more proactive approach in the near future.
The Changing View of Resource Availability
Authors: Tilton John E.
Published: November 2019

Public concern over the availability of mineral resources needed to sustain economic growth goes back many years and tends to rise and fall with current market conditions for mineral commodities. Responding to this concern, mineral economists have over the last several decades assessed resource availability both empirically and theoretically.

A review of the literature indicates much progress in our ability to define appropriate economic measures of resource availability and scarcity, and to measure historical trends. The theoretical literature has also advanced and no longer is inconsistent with the empirical research.

Yet despite this progress, there is still no definite answer to the question: Will resource scarcity someday threaten world economic growth and the high living standards now found in the industrialized countries? Though a definite answer to this question may be unobtainable, a better understanding of the incidence and nature of subeconomic mineral deposits could provide valuable insights into the future threat of resource exhaustion.
Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Almanaseer Sufian Radwan
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to explore the determinants of the capital structure of the banks listed in the Amman Stock Exchange. A sample of 13 Jordanian commercial banks of 16 banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange selected for the period 2008-2017. The current study applied a fixed-effects regression model by using e-views to analyze the relationship between financial leverage and firm characteristics such as Risk, Size, profitability, Growth, liquidity, Tax, Age, tangibility, and macroeconomic variables such as Gross Domestic Product, Inflation. The study finds a significant positive relationship between financial leverage, age, growth, risk, size, and tax. Also, the study finds a significant negative relationship between financial leverage with GDP, inflation, liquidity, profitability, and tangibility.
Economic Diversification and the State of Oil Dependency of UAE Stock Returns-An Analysis of ADX Indices 2014-2019
Authors: Ghosh T.P.
Published: November 2019

Impact of commodity price risk on stock return remains an important forecasting parameters across stock markets of developed and emerging markets. In recent times the subdued oil price poses a challenge to the economic imbalance among oil producing countries, and thus non-oil diversification has been adopted as an economic solution. Amongst the GCC countries, the intensity of non-oil diversification has been found to be  higher in the UAE which prompted to conduct a separate study of impact of oil price volatility on stock returns of Abu Dhabi Securities Market General Index and various sectoral indices. This study examines whether UAE stock returns are still associated with changes in oil price as reported in earlier research despite significant improvements in non-oil sector GDP contributions. The empirical assessment is based on weekly returns of the Abu Dhabi Stock Market General Index and four sectoral indices, namely, banking, industrial, energy and real estate in relation to variations in weekly WTI prices for the period between 1st week of 2012 to 29th week of 2019, i.e., for a period of  392 weeks applying Vector Error Correction model and Granger Causality test. It is found that there exists both long run and short run association between oil price volatility and stock return except model misspecification in respect of industrial and energy sectors arising out of serial correlation. Two lagged weekly oil price movements are found to be strong explanatory variables of stock returns.
Adapting a clinic-based HIV stigma intervention to Newark, New Jersey
Authors: Bagchi Ann D. , Holzemer William
Published: November 2019

This study describes implementation of a clinic-based HIV stigma reduction workshop adapted from work done in Africa to an HIV clinic in Newark, New Jersey. Clinic workers and clients participated in a series of four, three-hour workshops designed to reduce HIV-related stigma. Quantitative data, including the Berger HIV Stigma Scale and the HIV Stigma and Discrimination among Health Facility Staff questionnaire, were collected pre- and post-test over a twoweek period and again at 12 months. Average scores on the Berger Scale fell between baseline and the two-week follow-up, but increased above the baseline level after one year. Average scores on the facility questionnaire were low at baseline and decreased over the study period. Results suggest a need for “booster sessions” to ensure that the intervention sustains efficacy in the long-term. Furthermore, the findings from this preliminary work suggest the need for further research and a larger scale intervention using a randomized control trial design to formally test the intervention’s effectiveness.
Trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis: A retrospective study of the natural history of symptomatic thumb arthritis
Authors: Frankenhoff Jessica , Stromberg Jeffrey , Riley Aimee , He Jun , Madesh Prem , Isaacs Jonathan
Published: November 2019

Objective: Trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint arthritis is a common source of hand pain in patients presenting to the hand surgeon’s clinic. Long-term data on the natural history of symptomatic TM arthritis is lacking.Methods: We identified 251 patients with symptomatic TM arthritis and performed a retrospective chart review which identified treatment modalities (including surgery) and long term outcomes which were assessed via a telephone survey.Results: We found that of the 251 patients who presented with symptomatic TM arthritis, the 114 patients who had surgery had less pain and disability in the long term than those patients who were treated conservatively with splinting or injection (average pain score 1.8 vs. 3.8). However, the majority of patients did not ultimately undergo surgery.Conclusions: Although patients fare better from a pain and function standpoint with surgery, surgery is not inevitable.
Experiential and Real-World Learning for Teachers in the Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise (BOP-CCERS) for the Restoration of New York Harbor with New York City Public Schools Program
Authors: Birney Lauren B. , Kong Joyce , Evans Brian R. , Ceritelli Samantha , Danker Macey
Published: November 2019

The Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise for the Restoration of New York Harbor withNew York City Public Schools (BOP-CCERS) seeks to integrate harbor restoration activities with science teachers inorder to provide their students with experiential learning through environmental impact in New York City with thevision that public school students in New York City can benefit from environmental science and experiential learningwork through authentic research, data collection, and experimentation. The purpose is to engage science teachers withexperiential learning opportunities in the New York Harbor that helps them create engaging lessons for their ownstudents. It was found that teachers responded most positively to workshops that included hands-on activities,specifically the oyster restoration station trainings, classroom oyster tank setups and activities with scientists. Teachersreported that the BOP-CCERS program prepared them to support student learning of the program content and scientificresearch activities. Students who engage in real-world science are more likely to see the relevance of science and seethemselves working toward a career pathway in STEM.
Complications of Arthroscopic Versus Open Biceps Tenodesis in the Setting of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repairs: An Analysis of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Database
Authors: Yeung Marco , Shin Jason J. , Lesniak Bryson P. , Lin Albert
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to compare complication rates between arthroscopic versus open biceps tenodesis in the setting of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and to determine the effect of fellowship training on complication rates.

Methods:

The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery database was used to identify cases of arthroscopic and open biceps tenodesis in the setting of rotator cuff repair between 2012 and 2016. Surgical, medical, and anesthetic complications, location, fellowship training, surgery year, and patient demographic data were recorded. Overall and specific complication rates were calculated and analyzed. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to determine statistical significance.

Results:

Altogether, 1,725 cases of arthroscopic biceps tenodesis and 1,637 cases of open biceps tenodesis with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were analyzed. No significant difference was found between overall complication rates between arthroscopic (11.4%) versus open (13.1%) biceps tenodesis (P = 0.14). Although open tenodesis had statistically significant higher rates of wound healing issues (0.7% versus 0.2%, P = 0.02), hematoma/seroma formation (0.5% versus 0.1%, P = 0.02), nerve injury (1.5% versus 0.4%, P < 0.01), deep vein thrombosis (0.49% versus 0.12%, P ≤ 0.05), and general anesthetic complications (0.75% versus 0.06%, P = 0.03), these rates remain comparably low. Shoulder arthroscopy fellowship-trained surgeons were more likely to use arthroscopic techniques than non–fellowship-trained surgeons (P < 0.01) but had a higher complication rate (P = 0.01).

Discussion:

No differences were found in overall complication rates between open and arthroscopic biceps tenodesis in the setting of rotator cuff repairs. Although open techniques had statistically significant higher rates of nerve injury, wound complications, and hematoma/seroma formation, this may not reflect clinical significance because these complication rates remained <2% in both techniques. Higher complication rates were seen among fellowship-trained surgeons, which may reflect greater case complexity. Both open and arthroscopic biceps tenodesis in the setting of rotator cuff repair show low complication rates, and the technique should be based on surgeon preference and patient factors.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series
Coordination or Dominance of Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Egypt
Authors: Elhendawy Emad Omar
Published: November 2019

This study investigates to what extent of coordination between the fiscal and monetary policies in Egypt in the period 1980-2017, it has been adopted in its methodology on the vector error correction and Granger causality test. It concludes that there is a significant relation between money supply and budget deficit on one hand and inflation on the other hand, and that fiscal policy is dominant in monetary policy, as a change of 10% of the budget deficit results in an increase in the inflation rate of 8.1%. As for the Granger causality test. Thus stresses the existence of causal relationship to one direction of inflation against both the budget deficit and the money supply, which affects the budget deficit in the second slowdown. Then it feeds the budget deficit and inflation in the third year, which in turn feeds the budget deficit in the fourth year and the causal relationship between inflation and money supply has concluded that there is a one-way causal relationship of money supply to inflation after four slows and then inflation affects the money supply from the fifth to the tenth slowdown. As for the relationship of the budget deficit to money supply, there may be a one-way causal relationship between the budget deficit and the money supply from the second to the tenth year, except the third year, which also confirms the dominance of fiscal policy on monetary policy in Egypt in the period under consideration.
Changes in the Medical Device’s Regulatory Framework and Its Impact on the Medical Device’s Industry: From the Medical Device Directives to the Medical Device Regulations
Authors: Contardi Magali
Published: November 2019

Changes in the Medical Device’s Regulatory Framework and Its Impact on the Medical Device’s Industry: From the Medical Device Directives to the Medical Device Regulations

Similar to pharmaceutical products, medical devices play an increasingly important role in healthcare worldwide by contributing substantially to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. From the patent law perspective both, pharmaceutical products and a medical apparatus, product or device can be patented if they meet the patentability requirements, which are novelty, inventiveness and entail industrial applicability. However, regulatory issues also impact on the whole cycle of the innovation. At a European level, enhancing competitiveness while ensuring public health and safety is one of the key objectives of the European Commission. This article undertakes literature review of the current and incoming regulatory framework governing medical devices with the aim of highlighting how these major changes would affect the industry at issue. The analysis is made in the framework of an on-going research work aimed to determine whether SPCs are needed for promoting innovation in the medical devices industry. A thorough analysis the aforementioned factors affecting medical device’s industry will allow the policymakers to understand the root cause of any optimal patent term and find appropriate solutions.
Chemical weapon in the 20th and 21st centuries. Part 1. Chemical warfare agents before G nerve agent group discovery
Authors: Kloske Marcin , Witkiewicz Zygfryd
Published: November 2019

The publication contains a synthesis of knowledge about chemical weapon and its use during the First World War and in the period after that war, until the nerve agent discovery. It describes chemical warfare agents (CWAs) that were discovered, produced, and used on the battlefield at that time. They are referred to as the first and second CWAs generation.
Keywords: chemical weapon, chemical warfare agents, World War I, interwar period
Functional and diagnostic model of a hybrid power system using renewable energy sources
Authors: Duer Stanisław
Published: November 2019

The article presents the problem of building a diagnostic base of knowledge for a hybrid power system for the needs of the organization of the diagnosis process. The basis for obtaining the diagnostic in-formation, regarding devices of the hybrid power system, is functional and diagnostic analysis of the tested object. The effect of the diagnostic development’s process is a model of functional and diagnostic structure, determined sets of basic elements, and diagnostic signals along with assigned standard signals.
Keywords: technical diagnostics, diagnostic reasoning, multivalent logic, artificial intelligence
Eustatic Driver and Stratigraphic Response in an Ancient Continent Margin Turbidite System, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, Western Canada
Authors: Arnott R.W.C.
Published: November 2019

Deep marine rocks of the Windermere Supergroup record a several km-thick sedimentary pile that accumulated along the passive continental margin of Neoproterozoic Laurentia (ancestral North America). The succession comprises mostly siliciclastic sedimentary rocks intercalated with carbonate and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic intervals that range up to a few 100 m in thickness. Observations along a several 100 km-long depositional transect that stretches from upper slope canyons to deep basin-floor deposits shows a number of systematic changes that appear to be principally controlled by changes of eustasy. Significantly, these changes are only recognized in the slope part of the transect.

Slope deposits form a ~2 km-thick succession dominated by thin-bedded turbidites that locally are intercalated with up to >100 m-thick by several km-wide erosional and leveed channel complexes. Channels exhibit two end member kinds of fill: aggradational and laterally accreting. Aggradationally filled channels are flanked by well developed sandy levees compared to mud-rich levees in the case of laterally accreting channels. Unlike aggradationally filled channels and laterally accreting channels are associated with the input of carbonate sediment, typically in the form of carbonate-cemented sandstone and mudstone clasts. Additionally, evidence of mass wasting, evidenced by thickly developed and areally extensive debrites, slump, and slide deposits, become an important component in the stratigraphy. Fragments within these strata, namely stromatolite and oolite fragments, in addition to abundant carbonate-cemented sandstone and mudstone clasts, indicates the resedimentation of debris sourced from an upslope shallow-water carbonate platform under late transgressive, highstand and possibly also early falling stage conditions. Specifically, the rise of eustasy is interpreted to have not only initiated the development of a carbonate platform, and thereby the input of carbonate sediment, but more importantly changed the make-up of the siliciclastic sediment supply, principally in terms of its grain size and grain-size distribution.
Shale Sequence Stratigraphy: Erle Kauffman Got it Mostly Right 40 Years Ago
Authors: Hart Bruce
Published: November 2019

The Shale Revolution caught sedimentary geologists by surprise. Unlike deltas, submarine fans, carbonate ramps or other types of depositional systems, there were no ready-made shale facies models that could be used to help guide the exploration and development of source-rock reservoirs (Haynesville, Barnett, Eagle Ford, etc.). More than 15 years after the initial Barnett Shale boom, the sedimentary geology community still lacks widely applied shale facies models that integrate sedimentology, lithology, organic geochemistry and other aspects of shales in ways that can be used to understand and predict the distribution of properties of economic importance. Because depositional systems are the fundamental building blocks of systems tracts, sequence stratigraphic analyses of fine-grained systems (important as source rocks, reservoirs, seals, intra-formational seals, etc. in the petroleum industry) is problematic.
The Use of Chemostratigraphy to Refine Ambiguous Sequence Stratigraphic Correlations in Marine Shales: An Example from the Woodford Shale, Oklahoma
Authors: Turner Bryan W. , Tréanton Jessica A. , Slatt Roger M.
Published: November 2019

Identifying distinct facies shifts within mudrocks has made it difficult to build sequence stratigraphic frameworks within fine-grained lithologies. Three cores from Lincoln, Pottawatomie, and Pontotoc counties and two outcrops at the Hunton anticline quarry in Murray County cover proximal and distal regions of the Arkoma basin within southern Oklahoma. Chemostratigraphic and gamma-ray profiles supplemented with lithologic descriptions can be used to build sequence stratigraphic interpretations within mudrock systems.

Detrital sediment input is associated with Ti, Zr, Al, and K. The degree of basin restriction correlates with Mo and V concentrations, barring certain mineralogical affinities. Silicon is found in biogenic quartz, detrital quartz, feldspars, and clays. However, evaluating Si as a ratio between Si/Al, in conjunction with the Ti and Zr concentrations, the Si/Al ratio provides a rough approximation for the amount of biogenic quartz present within a sample. At several horizons in the Woodford, the Si/Al value spikes, and the Ti and Zr values drop; these spikes are interpreted as planktonic blooms.

Stratigraphic successions with ambiguous gamma-ray profiles correlations can be correlated accurately by utilizing surfaces that are recognized within chemostratigraphic profiles. Within the Arkoma basin, the chemostratigraphic profile of the Woodford Shale is interpreted within a sequence-stratigraphic framework using the following general criteria. Progradational packages record increasing concentrations of Ti, Zr, Al, and K. Retrogradational packages record a declining trend in these elements, indicating the transgressive systems tract. Lowstand system tracts and highstand system tracts can be distinguished by the degree of bottom-water restriction. Low base level correlates to a greater degree of basin restriction.
Impact of Salt Tectonics on Mesozoic Carbonate Platform Development: Insights from Outcrop Analogues (High-Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Joussiaume Rémi , Razin Philippe , Malaval Manon , Grélaud Carine , Martin-Martin Juan Diego , Saura Eduard , Moragas Mar , Vergés Jaume , Messager Grégoire , Hunt David W.
Published: November 2019

Carbonate platforms affected by salt tectonics form important hydrocarbon reservoirs. In an effort to gain new insights of the impact of diapirism on carbonate systems we have undertaken an integrated structural and sedimentological study of Jurassic carbonate platforms of the Moroccan High-Atlas basin. In this natural laboratory, the scale of outcrop exposure is similar in area to a large offshore seismic data set, and field observations provide high details on the geometries and facies distributions around diapiric structures.

The Atlas intracontinental basin initiated during the Triassic, contemporaneously with Atlantic rifting. The Triassic synrift sequence includes thick shales and evaporite deposits accumulated in multiple tectonic sub-basins. A thick (>5000m) Jurassic sequence was deposited during an overall post-rift stage in a west-southwest/east-northeast shallow-marine basin open towards the NeoTethys. Since the Sinemurian, sedimentation was mainly carbonates. However, geodynamic events linked with the evolution of the Atlantic margin produced several phases of clastic influx leading to the development of mixed systems (Toarcian and Bathonian).

During the Early Pliensbachian, an extensional tectonic event triggered synsedimentary diapiric movements which locally lasted until the Cretaceous. These movements were responsible for the development of narrow diapiric ridges of large extent (>100km), controlled by normal west-southwest/east-northeast relay faults. These ridges were separating several kilometers-wide elongated mini-basins, which subsidence was induced by salt/shale withdrawal.

Regionally, diapiric movements have been discontinuous in time and space, leading to significant thickness variations within the different stratigraphic units. However, diapirism has not had any major influence on the nature and distribution of sedimentary systems at the basin scale. The impact of diapirs remains essentially localized in the immediate vicinity of these structures (km-scale), where they affected both stratigraphic geometries and facies distribution. This impact appears to be very different in oolitic and mixed ramp systems in which subtle differentiation of depositional profiles controlled progressive facies variations, or in bioconstructed carbonate systems in which diapiric movements had a major role on the location and morphology of platform margins and associated “micro-rim-basins.” In return, the geometry of the diapirs has been clearly influenced by the lithology of surrounding rocks.
O professor e a pesquisa: as experiências com a escrita na universidade
Authors: Coelho Victoria Wilson da Costa
Published: November 2019

Fundamentado numa concepção etnográfico-discursiva (CORRÊA, 2011; 2013), em estudos de letramentos (STREET, 2004; 2010; 2014; GEE,1994) e do discurso (BAKHTIN, 1993, 2003), o trabalho se inscreve no âmbito da Linguística Aplicada. Apresenta como objetivo geral a reflexão sobre os modos de apropriação do gênero acadêmico “projeto de monografia”, no contexto de uma faculdade de formação de professores, considerando a perspectiva discursiva bakhtiniana, especialmente, a tensão entre as palavras de autoridade e a internamente persuasiva, discutindo a concepção de normativadade da língua. A escrita acadêmica é concebida como prática social e experiência subjetiva com a língua(gem) e está sujeita a fatores diversos que integram e modelam o(s) chamado(s) letramento(s) acadêmico(s). Através da análise de pequenos excertos de texto do gênero em pauta, procurou-se construir entendimentos acerca da complexidade da escrita acadêmica em um evento específico, colocando em cena os participantes: aluno, professor-pesquisador, pesquisador-professor. A análise procurou mostrar como os alunos elaboram sua escrita capturando as normas do contexto e dos gêneros acadêmicos.