bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of polyacrylate resin to prepare water‐soluble poly‐epoxy‐acrylate resin for its application as an automotive oil filter paper binder
Authors: Xie Zijie , Liu Chao , Xu Guilong , Hu Jian
Published: July 2021

In this work, poly‐epoxy‐acrylate (PEA) resin was prepared by modifying polyacrylate resin with epoxy resin through a simple solution polymerization method. The prepared PEA resin was then neutralized by alkaline treatment to obtain excellent water solubility and used as an ecofriendly binder for automotive oil filter paper. The effect of alkaline neutralization degree on the water solubility of the PEA resin was studied. Also, the influence of epoxy content on the grafting degree of PEA resin was tested. The mechanical strength and oil resistance properties of oil filter paper strengthened by the prepared PEA resin were compared to other commercial binders. The microstructure and pore size of the oil filter paper were observed by scanning electron microscope and tested by capillary flow porometer (PMI), respectively. The results show that the prepared PEA resin can greatly enhance the mechanical and oil resistance properties of the oil filter paper while maintaining its filtration properties. The prepared PEA resin has the potential to be used as an ecofriendly water‐based binder for automotive oil filter paper.
Investigation on preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan modified sodium ferric silicate and its adsorption properties
Authors: Chen Mingyan , Feng Xinkai , Liu Jie , Liu Yucheng , Bai Yihong , Wang Ziying
Published: July 2021

The layered material of sodium ferric silicate (SFS) has good adsorption properties for cationic dyes, but its stacking properties limit its application. The organic–inorganic composite assembled by macromolecular polymer and inorganic material can improve this situation. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CC) was loaded onto SFS, and the compound was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), zero energy thermonuclear assembly (Zeta), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The results showed that CC was successfully supported in the layered structure of SFS, and the adsorption capacity of the composite for methylene blue (MB) was 729.67 mg g−1. The adsorption process was described by pseudo second‐order kinetics, Langmuir isothermal equation, and intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous, and the monomolecular adsorption was dominant.
Patienteneinwilligungen für das TraumaRegister DGU® aufgrund der EU-Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (EU-DSGVO) – Eine Herausforderung für die Kliniken: Status quo und Lösungsstrategien
Authors: Herbst T. , Popp D. , Thiedemann C. , Alt V. , Ernstberger A.
Published: July 2021

Gemäß der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (EU-DSGVO, Mai 2018) werden anonymisierte Datensätze mit ausreichend hoher Datendichte als nachverfolgbar eingestuft und benötigen eine Einwilligungserklärung, wenn diese zu Forschungs- oder Qualitätskontrollzwecken zentral ausgewertet werden. Qualitätssicherung und weitere Steigerung der Versorgungsqualität sind im Rahmen der flächendeckenden Schwerstverletztenerhebung im Sinne der Versorgungsforschung allerdings nur mit einer annähernden Vollerhebung möglich. Die über 600 deutschen Kliniken, die am TraumaRegister DGU® teilnehmen, versuchen, von diesem speziellen Patientengut die Einverständniserklärungen zu erhalten. In der Studienklinik wurden über einen 12-Monats-Zeitraum hinweg die Rate an Einwilligungen und die Gründe für eine Ablehnung bzw. Nichteinholung evaluiert.

Bei Anwendung eines ressourcenintensiven Workflows speziell für die Patientenaufklärung und Einholung der TR-Einwilligungen wurden eine Zustimmungsquote der Patienten von 64,5 % und damit gleichzeitig eine Fehlquote von 35,5 % erfasst. Es konnten 98 von 276 potenziellen TraumaRegister-DGU®-Datensätzen nicht eingegeben werden und standen dementsprechend weder für die Qualitätskontrolle noch für die Polytraumaforschung zur Verfügung.

Um die Qualitätskontrolle und die weitere Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität zu gewährleisten, ist eine annähernde Gesamterfassung des Patientenguts notwendig. Diese lässt sich durch die Notwendigkeit der Einwilligungserklärung jedoch nicht erreichen, wie unsere Studie zeigt. Somit plädieren wir dafür, dass die Möglichkeit geschaffen wird, den TraumaRegister-Datensatz ohne Einwilligung zu erheben, da dieser letztlich einen Regeldatensatz darstellt, vergleichbar mit dem §21-KHEntgG-Datensatz, jedoch im Gegensatz zu diesem pseudonymisiert.
Plant–plant interactions and local patterns of diversity from semi-arid to subalpine Mediterranean plant communities
Authors: Arroyo Antonio I. , Pueyo Yolanda , Saiz Hugo , Alados Concepción L.
Published: July 2021

An understanding of the diversity spatial organization in plant communities provides essential information for management and conservation planning. In this study we investigated, using a multi-species approach, how plant–plant interactions determine the local structure and composition of diversity in a set of Mediterranean plant communities, ranging from semi-arid to subalpine habitats. Specifically, we evaluated the spatial pattern of diversity (i.e., diversity aggregation or segregation) in the local neighborhood of perennial plant species using the ISAR (individual species–area relationship) method. We also assessed the local pattern of beta-diversity (i.e., the spatial heterogeneity in species composition among local assemblages), including the contribution of species turnover (i.e., species replacement) and nestedness (i.e., differences in species richness) to the overall local beta-diversity. Our results showed that local diversity segregation decreased in the less productive plant communities. Also, we found that graminoids largely acted as diversity segregators, while forbs showed more diverse neighborhoods than expected in less productive study sites. Interestingly, not all shrub and dwarf shrub species aggregated diversity in their surroundings. Finally, an increase in nestedness was associated with less segregated diversity patterns in the local neighborhood of shrub species, underlining their role in creating diversity islands in less productive environmental conditions. Our results provide further insights into the effect of plant–plant interactions in shaping the structure and composition of diversity in Mediterranean plant communities, and highlight the species and groups of species that management and conservation strategies should focus on in order to prevent a loss of biodiversity.
Actual and virtual dimension of codimension 2 general linear subspaces in $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$
Authors: Chmiel Natalia
Published: July 2021

In the paper we compute the virtual dimension (defined by the Hilbert polynomial) of a space of hypersurfaces of given degree containing s codimension 2 general linear subspaces in $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

. We use Veneroni maps to find a family of unexpected hypersurfaces (in the style of B. Harbourne, J. Migliore, U. Nagel, Z. Teitler) and rigorously prove and extend examples presented in the paper by B. Harbourne, J. Migliore and H. Tutaj-Gasińska.
Technical and procedural comparison of two different cryoballoon ablation systems in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Knecht Sven , Sticherling Christian , Roten Laurent , Badertscher Patrick , Chollet Laurève , Küffer Thomas , Spies Florian , Madaffari Antonio , Mühl Aline , Baldinger Samuel H. , Servatius Helge , Osswald Stefan , Reichlin Tobias , Kühne Michael
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The aim was to report procedural and technical differences of a novel cryoballoon (NCB) ablation catheter for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) compared to the standard cryoballoon (SCB) catheter.

Methods

Consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing PVI using the NCB and the SCB were included. Procedural parameters, technical differences, acute efficacy, and safety are reported.

Results

Eighty patients (age 66 ± 10 years, ejection fraction 57 ± 10%, left atrial volume index 40 ± 6 ml/m2) were studied. With the NCB, 156 of 158 PVs (99%) were isolated compared to isolation of 159 of 159 PVs (100%) with the SCB. The median number of freezes in the NCB and the SCB group was 6 (IQR 5–8) and 5 (IQR 4–7), respectively (p = 0.051), with 73% and 71% of the PVs isolated with a single freeze, respectively. Nadir temperature and temperature at isolation were − 59 ± 6 °C and − 45 ± 17 °C in the NCB group and − 46 ± 7 °C and − 32 ± 23 °C in the SCB group, respectively (both p < 0.001) with no difference in time to isolation (TTI). Procedural differences were observed for the total procedure time (84 ± 29 min in the NCB group and 65 ± 17 min in the SCB group, p = 0.003). There was a peri-procedural stroke in one patient in the NCB group. Differences in catheter design were observed that may account for the differences in temperature recordings and ice cap formation.

Conclusions

Acute efficacy and TTI were similar with the NCB compared to the SCB. Measured temperatures were lower with the NCB, most likely due to differences in catheter design.
Developing a smart multifunctional outdoor jacket with wearable sensing technology for user health and safety
Authors: Lee Hyunseung , Baek Kyungsoon
Published: July 2021

Over the decades, there has been a sustained effort to use fashion as a medium for delivering digital functionality. The goal is to integrate information technology (IT) into clothing to provide users with functions to assist them in their tasks. Regarding the direction of previous efforts, this study developed a multifunctional smart outdoor jacket prototype that senses, recognizes, responds, and manages various safety risks and potentially hazardous situations and identifies environmental factors that are difficult to predict. The prototype’s research and development (R & D) was carried out through the following steps. First, to determine functions that can practically assist users in outdoor environments and help ensure their health and safety, a user requirement survey subject to expert evaluation was conducted. Six functions were selected: (1) Bluetooth hands-free calling and audio streaming, (2) heart rate monitoring for self-health care, (3) emergency calls to request assistance, (4) temperature-reactive heating to retain body heat for survival, (5) fall detection and automatic emergency calls, and (6) ultraviolet monitoring for self-health care. Next, a wearable system and its garment platform were developed, containing detachable device modules for washability and ease of maintenance. Lastly, a dedicated smartphone application was developed for extended functionality. By exploring the use of clothing in diversifying wearable health care and HAR systems, the study could be used to diversify wearable healthcare and safety platforms.
HPV-Impfstoffe – zugelassene Vakzinen und experimenteller RG1-VLP-Impfstoff der nächsten Generation
Authors: Schellenbacher Christina , Huber Bettina , Shafti-Keramat Saeed , Kirnbauer Reinhard
Published: July 2021

Infektionen mit >12 sexuell übertragbaren genitalen „high-risk“ (hr) humanen Papillomviren (HPV) sind hauptverantwortlich für anogenitale Karzinome, insbesondere Zervix- und Analkarzinome sowie oropharyngeale Karzinome, insgesamt für 5 % der Karzinome weltweit. Genitale „low-risk“ (lr) HPV und kutane HPV verursachen Anogenitalwarzen (Kondylome) bzw. Hautwarzen, kutane Genus β‑HPV sind ein potenzieller Kofaktor für die Entwicklung nichtmelanozytärer Hautkarzinome in Immunsupprimierten. Die zugelassenen HPV-Vakzinen sind Spaltimpfstoffe bestehend aus leeren Hauptkapsidproteinhüllen (L1-virus-like particles, VLP). Die prophylaktische Impfung mit dem modernen nonavalenten Impfstoff Gardasil‑9 (HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) verhindert persistierende Infektionen mit Typen, die bis zu 90 % der Zervixkarzinome und Kondylome verursachen. Der Impfschutz ist vorwiegend typenspezifisch, daher besteht kein Schutz gegen Infektionen mit den übrigen genitalen hrHPV oder Hauttypen. RG1-VLP ist ein experimenteller „next generation“-Impfstoff, bestehend aus HPV16L1-VLP, welche ein Kreuzneutralisierungs-Epitop des HPV16 Nebenkapsidproteins L2 („RG1“; Aminosäuren 17–36) repetitiv (360×) an der Oberfläche tragen. Eine Vakzinierung mit RG1-VLP schützt im Tierversuch gegen experimentelle Infektionen mit allen relevanten genitalen hrHPV (~96 % aller Zervixkarzinome), lrHPV (~90 % der Kondylome) sowie gegen einige kutane und β‑HPV. Präklinische Daten zeigen langanhaltende Protektion ohne Boosterimmunisierung ein Jahr nach der Impfung sowie Wirksamkeit nach nur 2 Dosen. Auch in lyophilisierter, thermostabiler Form bleibt die Immunogenität der RG1-VLP erhalten. Eine Phase-I-Studie ist mit Unterstützung des US NCI/NIH in Vorbereitung. Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert Fragestellungen zur HPV-Impfstoffoptimierung und präsentiert den pan-HPV-Impfstoffkandidat RG1-VLP.
Thief zone identification and classification in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs: A field case study
Authors: Xu Anzhu , Shan Fachao , Yang Xiao , Li Jiaqi , Wang Chenggang , Li Junjian
Published: July 2021

Channeling between injectors and producers leads to bypassed oil left in the reservoir, which is one of most common reasons that wells in mature oil fields experience high water cut after long-term waterflooding. Identification and evaluation of the higher permeable channels (thief zones) are the key to effectively plug these thief zones and improve the conformance of water flood. This study applies three different methods to identify and evaluate the thief zones of a water injection project in North Buzazi Oilfield, a thick-bedded unconsolidated sandstone heavy oil reservoir in Manghestau, Kazakhstan. The thief zones, which evolve as a result of formation erosion and sand production, are identified and classified with respect to four different levels of significance using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, production/injection profile method and pressure index (PI) methods. Good consistency is observed among the identification results using these methods. Finally, we present two ways to quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of the thief zones using water–oil-ratio as the input, which can be readily applied for future field development design.
Agents in the sporting field: a law and economics perspective
Authors: Bull William , Faure Michael
Published: July 2021

While agents have been active in the sporting field since the late 1800s, sports agents and their activities have grown in prominence only in more recent times, particularly as a result of typically adverse headlines. Agents are generally considered to be necessary (or some might say a necessary evil) for the sporting industry, in the representation of sportsmen and women, the consultation of sports clubs and franchises, or the facilitation of employment contracts and transfer deals. In contrast to players and clubs (not to mention sports federations and governing bodies), however, sports agents are not engaged in sporting endeavour. Rather, the essence of their role is an economic one for the provision of services. This peripheral position of sports agents implies that their interests are likely to be quite different from those of other stakeholders in the sports industry – but it also gives rise to a significant regulatory conundrum. This conundrum has become especially apparent in the sport of football in recent years, where various attempts at regulation of access to and the performance of the profession of football agent have been made at national and international level. The field of sports and football in particular clearly has a great societal impact and a large economic value. Yet, sports law is remarkably absent so far from the economic approach to law. From a law and economics perspective and in the light of regulation theory, therefore, our main research questions are whether there is a need to regulate the profession of sports agent and, if so, what type of regulation is needed.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for primary lymph node staging of intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Yip Ka Chun Jonathan , Li Yan-Lin , Chen Sirong , Ho Chi Lai , Wartolowska Karolina
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) compared with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

PRISMA-compliant systematic review updated to September 2020 was performed to identify studies that evaluated the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in the same cohort of PCa patients using histopathologic examination as a reference standard. The quality of each study was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) instrument. STATA version 16.0 was used to obtain the pooled estimates of diagnostic accuracy for per-patient and per-lesion analyses. Heterogeneity in the accuracy estimates was explored by reviewing the generated forest plots, summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curves, hierarchical SROC plots, chi-squared test, heterogeneity index, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients.

Results

Six studies, which included 476 patients, met the eligibility criteria for per-patient analysis and four of these studies, reporting data from 4859 dissected lymph nodes, were included in the per-lesion analysis. In the per-patient analysis (N = 6), the pooled sensitivity and specificity for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 0.69 and 0.93, and for mpMRI the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.37 and 0.95. In the per-lesion analysis (N = 4), the pooled sensitivity and specificity for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 0.58 and 0.99, and for mpMRI the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.44 and 0.99. There was high heterogeneity and a threshold effect in outcomes. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the pooled estimates were stable when excluding studies with patient selection concerns, whereas the variances of the pooled estimates became significant, and the characteristics of heterogeneity changed when excluding studies with concerns about index imaging tests.

Conclusion

Both imaging techniques have high specificity for the detection of nodal metastases of PCa. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has the advantage of being more sensitive and making it possible to detect distant metastases during the same examination. These modalities may play a complementary role in the diagnosis of PCa. Given the paucity of data and methodological limitations of the included studies, large scale trials are necessary to confirm their clinical values.
Hope levels across adolescence and the transition to high school: Associations with school stress and achievement
Authors: Fraser Ashley M. , Bryce Crystal I. , Alexander Brittany L. , Fabes Richard A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Feeling hopeful is an important condition for adolescents’ health, well‐being, and educational success and attainment, yet limited research has examined hope at different ages throughout adolescence. Information regarding hope levels across grade could help educators know when to capitalize on goal‐setting behaviors, and when to intervene should hope levels be low. Additionally, hope could help with the middle to high school transition because it presents opportunities and challenges, including school‐related stress, as students adjust to new environments and expectations.

Methods

To investigate hope levels across adolescence, inter‐ and intra‐personal analyses examined hope levels across grade‐level in two cohorts of southwestern U.S. students (n = 1,018, 6th‐10th grade students, 47% female, 55% White/45% non‐White, (predominately Latinx)). The study used online self‐report surveys to collect data. Next, longitudinal regression analyses across one year investigated relations of school stress and hope, and hope and achievement across the transition to high school.

Results

Students in both cohorts reported relatively stable hope levels from 6th to 10th grade, except for large decreases in hope during 8th grade, which recovered during 9th grade. For longitudinal analyses across the high school transition, student stress about school performance primarily influenced 8th graders who had relatively low hope. Eighth grade hope predicted 9th grade academic achievement.

Conclusion

Findings regarding hope across adolescence show that hope is similar across grade, except for a large decrease in hope that may occur before the transition to high school. Longitudinal analyses showed that school performance stress may contribute to this decrease but may also assist in hope recovery after the transition. Findings support educational practices and policies that target student hope before the high school transition to potentially buffer student stress and promote high school achievement.
Impact of mandatory online learning module for healthcare workers intending to decline influenza immunization: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Delaney Leanne M. , Williams Victoria R. , Tomiczek Nick , Robinson Lawrence , Kiss Alex , Leis Jerome A.
Published: July 2021

A policy mandating the completion of an online learning module for healthcare workers intending to decline influenza immunization was associated with a nearly 25% relative increase in immunization and significant reduction in healthcare-associated influenza. In the absence of mandatory vaccination, this model may help to augment severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine efforts.
The first Cretaceous ophiopluteus skeleton (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
Authors: Reich Mike
Published: July 2021

Larvae of sea urchins, brittle stars, and allies are common, ecologically important, and diverse members of marine ecosystems in all of the world's oceans today. In contrast to modern representatives, the fossil record of echinoderm larvae is poorly known. This study reports the first ophiopluteus skeleton from Cretaceous sediments worldwide, obtained from chalky sediment of the Isle of Wolin, NW Poland. The evidence presented here, that it is possible to isolate fossil echinoderm larval skeletons from rocks, indicates a hidden diversity of such fragile fossils and thus the possibility of direct geological recording.
How many major US laws delegate to federal agencies? (almost) all of them
Authors: Clouser McCann Pamela J. , Shipan Charles R.
Published: July 2021

Delegation is a well-known feature of policymaking in separation of powers systems. Yet despite the importance of this activity, there is little systematic evidence about how many major laws in the United States actually delegate policymaking authority to administrators in federal agencies. Using a database of agency regulatory activity along with text searches, we examine significant US federal enactments from 1947 to 2016 to see which of these laws delegate to agencies. We find that nearly all major laws—more than 99 percent—contain delegation. We also find that the number of agencies receiving delegation in each law has increased over time.
Intermediality and Queer African American Improvisation: Dianne McIntyre, Sounds in Motion
Authors: DEFRANTZ THOMAS F.
Published: July 2021

This article explores the work of choreographer Dianne McIntyre as an improvisational artist entangled in questions of intermedial relations among sounds and motions. It discusses the terms of performance in relation to emergent paradigms of Afro-pessimism, and argues for ablack regardas a method of engaging with experimental performances by artists of African descent. The article explores theoretical terms of witness and encounter with black performance in relation to queer alterities, and non-normative modes of physical expression. The article suggests further need for research into the work of an outstanding black American female artist of theatre and dance.
Moving Cage: Vibration, Sonification and the Quanta of Time
Authors: TAN MARCUS CHENG CHYE
Published: July 2021

Dear John is an experimental choreomusical work that reinterprets Cage's works while advancing his ideas of sound as sonic events and embodied choreography. In this episodic work, improvised movement unfolds to a soundscape of defamiliarized instruments, sound devices and sonicities of macro- and micro-movements. The correspondence and (in)congruence between dance movements and music's kinetic energy become the means to examine a politics of the body and sound, of music on movement. Additionally, in this ‘auditory architecture’ the quanta of time, its relations and (lack of) unity are exposed. This article then examines the intersubjective interplay of movement and music, body and sonicity; it considers the resonance of the performing body as intermaterial vibration and how this invites a sonic politics of relational possibility. The article will then also investigate the ways in which the interaction of motion and music, movement and stillness engenders experiences of time's indeterminacy and elasticity.
Dancing Migration, Making Sound: Mediterranean Practices of Listening and Hospitality
Authors: PICCIRILLO ANNALISA
Published: July 2021

The tragedies taking place within the waters of the Mediterranean, and the simultaneous reassessment of social and cultural politics inside Europe, call for our attention as scholars, and as art practitioners in the region. I will traverse this area to discuss some choreographic experimentations dealing with migration issues, and to prove how acts of listening in performance can emerge out of a racist narrative, allowing practices of corporeal hospitality to be envisioned. The sonic dimension is here perceived as the sharing of an event that occurs in the body, and among the bodies, and reverberates in multiple dimensions and directions. At the crossroads of post-colonial and performance studies, this article engages with listening as a political and creative act for both engendering and perceiving alternative ways of choreographing hospitality in the Mediterranean area.
Reassembled, Slightly Askew: Immersive Storytelling Through Sound
Authors: YEE (SICKELS) SHANNON , NEWELL ANNA , STAPLETON PAUL , SLÄTTNE HANNA , PRICKETT STEVIE
Published: July 2021

Reassembled, Slightly Askew (RSA) is an audio theatre work which takes the audience through the visceral and embodied experience of Shannon Yee (Sickels) as she lives through a catastrophic brain infection and surgery, and eventually (as the title indicates) reassembles herself, and familiarizes herself with her acquired brain injury. Audience members experience RSA lying in hospital beds, wearing eyemasks and headphones. Sonically you, as audience member, are situated within the body of Shannon. Your focus is directed to the corporeal experience as told through sound and spoken text, providing a first-person perspective on the experience of acquiring an invisible disability. The project broke new methodological ground for the interdisciplinary artistic team, requiring a high level of collaboration and interweaving of the artists’ respective expertise: writing, directing, choreography, sound design and dramaturgy. Throughout the process of exploration and making, a seamless relay happened naturally as to which art form was leading in the discoveries and decisions. In this dossier, the artists replicate this relay to share insights from their own perspective in the creation of the project and its particular challenges in developing a highly visceral and corporeal experience through sound.
CLAH Lecture: Learning and Teaching
Authors: Holloway Thomas
Published: July 2021

The following speech was written in acceptance of the Distinguished Service Award of the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH) for 2020, would have been delivered at the January 2021 meeting of the American Historical Association/CLAH, were it not for the coronavirus pandemic. I share this award with the majority of the members of CLAH: the scholar-teachers of Latin American history who dedicate most of their professional time and energy to teaching undergraduates across North America. Harking back to Herbert Bolton's project for a hemispheric history, incidents and anecdotes from my own experience learning and teaching about Latin America serve to illustrate that reducing provincialism, chauvinism, and ethnocentrism among North American undergraduates are still valid objectives.
On the Propagation of Reaction Fronts in a Sandy Aquifer Over 20+ Years: Lessons From a Test Site in Northwestern Germany
Authors: Houben Georg J. , Post Vincent E. A. , Gröger‐Trampe Jens , Pesci María H. , Sültenfuß Jürgen
Published: July 2021

Despite reduction measures, nitrate and aluminum concentrations remain high in aquifers in northwestern Europe. To evaluate the effectiveness of groundwater protection policies, the long‐term fate of these contaminants in groundwater needs to be understood. The groundwater catchment of the Haren water works, NW Germany, was characterized hydrogeochemically in the late 1990s, which provides an opportunity to study the solute fronts over a two‐decade period and conduct a post‐audit of the predicted front movement. Results indicate that, despite a significant reduction of the atmospheric acid loads, the acidification of soil and groundwater at the forest site persists. Removal of sorbed aluminum is required to induce a noticeable improvement, which will take at least several decades. The unexpected appearance of nitrate at the site, caused by a land use change in 1998, highlights the need for long‐term monitoring. Core data at the agricultural site show that the denitrification front has moved very little between 1998 and 2017, in accordance with previous forecasts. Denitrification by‐products, mainly sulfate and nitrogen, have migrated from the upper into the lower aquifer. A reactive transport model demonstrated how the link between the regional groundwater flow, pyrite oxidation, and the temporal variability of the nitrate concentration in recharge water, as reconstructed from age tracers, result in the observed vertical distribution of sulfate and nitrogen. This study demonstrates how long‐term monitoring, aided by model‐based data interpretation, can be used to successfully study and predict the fate of contaminants in groundwater.
309 metagenome assembled microbial genomes from deep sediment samples in the Gulfs of Kathiawar Peninsula
Authors: Nathani Neelam M. , Dave Kaushambee J. , Vatsa Priyanka P. , Mahajan Mayur S. , Sharma Parth , Mootapally Chandrashekar
Published: July 2021

Prokaryoplankton genomes from the deep marine sediments are less explored compared to shallow shore sediments. The Gulfs of Kathiawar peninsula experience varied currents and inputs from different on-shore activities. Any perturbations would directly influence the microbiome and their normal homeostasis. Advancements in reconstructing genomes from metagenomes allows us to understand the role of individual unculturable microbes in ecological niches like the Gulf sediments. Here, we report 309 bacterial and archaeal genomes assembled from metagenomics data of deep sediments from sites in the Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch as well as a sample from the Arabian Sea. Phylogenomics classified them into 5 archaeal and 18 bacterial phyla. The genomes will facilitate understanding of the physiology, adaptation and impact of on-shore anthropogenic activities on the deep sediment microbes.
Improvement of an additively manufactured subperiosteal implant structure design by finite elements based topological optimization
Authors: Carnicero Alberto , Peláez Andrés , Restoy-Lozano Andrés , Jacquott Isaías , Perera Ricardo
Published: July 2021

To design a new subperiosteal implant structure for patients suffering from severe Maxillary Atrophy that lowers manufacturing cost, shortens surgical time and reduces patient trauma with regard to current implant structures. A 2-phase finite-element-based topology optimization process was employed with implants made from biocompatible materials via additive manufacturing. Five bite loading cases related to standard chewing, critical chewing force, and worst conditions of fastening were considered along with each specific result to establish the areas that needed to be subjected to fatigue strength optimization. The 2-phase topological optimization tested in this study performed better than the reference implant geometry in terms of both the structural integrity of the implant under tensile-compressive and fatigue strength conditions and the material constraints related to implant manufacturing conditions. It returns a nearly 28% lower volumetric geometry and avoids the need to use two upper fastening screws that are required with complex surgical procedures. The combination of topological optimization methods with the flexibility afforded by additively manufactured biocompatible materials, provides promising results in terms of cost reduction, minimizing the surgical trauma and implant installation impact on edentulous patients.
A flexible virtual sensor array based on laser-induced graphene and MXene for detecting volatile organic compounds in human breath
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Shao Yuzhou , Zhang Qian , Qu Mengjiao , Ping Jianfeng , Fu YongQing , Xie Jin
Published: July 2021

We propose a flexible virtual sensor array (FVSA) based on MXene and LIG-IDEs for selective detection of VOCs and validate the capability of the FVSA to identify alcohol content in human breath.
Environment and coordination of FeMo–co in the nitrogenase metallochaperone NafY
Authors: Phillips Aaron H. , Hernandez Jose A. , Payá-Tormo Lucía , Burén Stefan , Cuevas-Zuviría Bruno , Pacios Luis F. , Pelton Jeffrey G. , Wemmer David E. , Rubio Luis M.
Published: July 2021

Broadening of NMR resonance spins used to map binding of paramagnetic FeMo–co to the nitrogenase metallocluster escort protein NafY.
Activatable photoacoustic/fluorescent dual-modal probe for monitoring of drug-induced liver hypoxia in vivo
Authors: Fan Xiaopeng , Ren Tianbing , Yang Wen , Zhang Xiaobing , Yuan Lin
Published: July 2021

Effective monitoring of liver hypoxia is crucial for warning of drug-induced liver injury. Here, a novel photoacoustic/fluorescent dual-modal probe was rationally developed to image isoniazid-induced liver hypoxia through detecting nitroreductase.
Heterocyclic arsinocarbynes via tandem transmetallation
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F. , Kirk Ryan M.
Published: July 2021

Gold(i)-catalysed tandem transmetallation (Sn→Au→As) of a stannylcarbyne with haloarsines gives direct access to arsinocarbyne complexes including unusual arsacyclic examples.
Synthesis of hydroindoles via desymmetric [3+2] cycloadditions of para-quinamines with photogenerated ketenes
Authors: Liu Dan , Shi Bin , Jiang Hao , Cheng Ying , Xiao Wen-Jing , Lu Liang-Qiu
Published: July 2021

The first photoinduced, DBU-catalyzed desymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of para-quinamines and α-diazaketones was described, enabling the synthesis of a variety of hydroindoles in high efficiency and selectivity under green and mild conditions.
A smart material built upon the photo-thermochromic effect and its use for managing indoor temperature
Authors: Shen Song , Wu Tong , Xue Jiajia , Li Haoxuan , Chen Qiaoshan , Cheng Haoyan , Wu Lin , Qian Jing
Published: July 2021

Thermochromic film with transition temperature of 24–36 24–36 °C is developed. In winter, heat is generated by the photothermal effect of the colored film. In summer, the film is colorless, allowing light to be reflected by the aluminum foil on the back.
Tuning the mechanical flexibility of organic molecular crystals by polymorphism for flexible optical waveguides
Authors: Feiler Torvid , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Rhim Seon-Young , Schröder Vincent , List-Kratochvil Emil , Emmerling Franziska
Published: July 2021

The ability to selectively tune the optical and the mechanical properties of organic molecular crystals offers a promising approach towards developing flexible optical devices.
Hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative cleavage of CC bonds and further esterification reaction by heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Jia Rui , Hong Mei , Miao Hongyan , Ni Bangqing , Niu Tengfei
Published: July 2021

A tubular carbon nitride (TCN) photocatalysis hydroxyl radical-mediated aerobic cleavage of alkenes and further sequence esterification reaction.
Electrochemical hydrogenation of bioprivilegedcis,cis-muconic acid totrans-3-hexenedioic acid: from lab synthesis to bench-scale production and beyond
Authors: Dell'Anna Marco Nazareno , Laureano Mathew , Bateni Hamed , Matthiesen John E. , Zaza Ludovic , Zembrzuski Michael P. , Paskach Thomas J. , Tessonnier Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2021

Integrating microbial and electrochemical conversions for the production of novel monomers under industrially relevant conditions.
Oxygen reduction reaction on a 68-atom-gold cluster supported on carbon nanotubes: theoretical and experimental analysis
Authors: Zúñiga Loyola César , Caro Angélica Gatica , Govan Joseph , Abarca Gabriel , Orellana Walter , Tasca Federico
Published: July 2021

Au68 clusters were adsorbed on carbon nanotubes and studied as catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. DFT calculations well simulate the Au68 cluster and the interactions with oxygen during the reduction.
Photocatalytic three-component radical cascade: a general route to heterocyclic-substituted alkyl sulfones
Authors: Chen Jian-Qiang , Liu Nana , Hu Qian , Liu Jin , Wu Junwei , Cai Qinling , Wu Jie
Published: July 2021

A photoredox-catalyzed three-component radical cascade reaction of β,γ-unsaturated oximes/hydrazones, the sulfur dioxide surrogate of DABCO·(SO2)2 and alkenes under mild conditions is developed.
A property-oriented adaptive design framework for rapid discovery of energetic molecules based on small-scale labeled datasets
Authors: Xie Yunhao , Liu Yijing , Hu Renling , Lin Xu , Hu Jing , Pu Xuemei
Published: July 2021

In this work, we construct a self-adaptive design framework to efficiently screen energetic compounds with the desired heat of formation and heat of explosion from the vast chemical space unexplored.
Manipulating the exposome to enable better ageing
Authors: Shiels Paul G. , Painer Johanna , Natterson-Horowitz Barbara , Johnson Richard J. , Miranda Jaime J. , Stenvinkel Peter
Published: July 2021

The sum total of life course exposures creates an exposome that has a significant impact on age-related health. Understanding the interplay between exposome factors and the (epi) genome, offers pertinent insights into the ageing process and its relationship with the accumulation of allostatic load. We propose to exploit this to develop a biomimetic approach that will provide insight into how evolution through natural selection in other species has solved many age related human health issues. In particular, we will emphasise the need to reconnect a more mechanistic approach to medical science with a broader natural sciences approach, using biomimetics to mitigate the global burden of age related ill health. In particular, we will discuss how such an approach indicates leverage of the activities of the Nrf 2 gene to enhance health span via reintroduction of the classical ‘Food as Medicine’ concept, including modulation of the microbiome and the creation of more salutogenic and biophilic environments. Additionally, we will discuss how this approach integrates with novel and developing senotherapies.
Smuggle tau through a secret(ory) pathway
Authors: Xu (徐昊) Hao
Published: July 2021

Secretion of misfolded tau, a microtubule-binding protein enriched in nerve cells, is linked to the progression of tau pathology. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying tau secretion are poorly understood. Recent work by Lee et al. [Biochemical J. (2021) 478: 1471–1484] demonstrated that the transmembrane domains of syntaxin6 and syntaxin8 could be exploited for tau release, setting a stage for testing a novel hypothesis that has profound implications in tauopathies (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, FTDP-17, and CBD/PSP) and other related neurodegenerative diseases. The present commentary highlights the importance and limitations of the study, and discusses opportunities and directions for future investigations.
Quantitative and Qualitative Electroglottographic Wave Shape Differences in Children and Adults Using Voice Map–Based Analysis
Authors: Patel Rita R. , Ternström Sten
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which various measurements of contacting parameters differ between children and adults during habitual range and overlap vocal frequency/intensity, using voice map–based assessment of noninvasive electroglottography (EGG).

Method

EGG voice maps were analyzed from 26 adults (22–45 years) and 22 children (4–8 years) during connected speech and vowel /a/ over the habitual range and the overlap vocal frequency/intensity from the voice range profile task on the vowel /a/. Mean and standard deviations of contact quotient by integration, normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, and cycle-rate sample entropy were obtained. Group differences were evaluated using the linear mixed model analysis for the habitual range connected speech and the vowel, whereas analysis of covariance was conducted for the overlap vocal frequency/intensity from the voice range profile task. Presence of a “knee” on the EGG wave shape was determined by visual inspection of the presence of convexity along the decontacting slope of the EGG pulse and the presence of the second derivative zero-crossing.

Results

The contact quotient by integration, normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, and cycle-rate sample entropy were significantly different in children compared to (a) adult males for habitual range and (b) adult males and adult females for the overlap vocal frequency/intensity. None of the children had a “knee” on the decontacting slope of the EGG slope.

Conclusion

EGG parameters of contact quotient by integration, normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, cycle-rate sample entropy, and absence of a “knee” on the decontacting slope characterize the wave shape differences between children and adults, whereas the normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, cycle-rate sample entropy, and presence of a “knee” on the downward pulse slope characterize the wave shape differences between adult males and adult females.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15057345
Perspectives of energetic exports of Russia in terms of development of the renewable energy sources
Authors: Andreeva Elena , Golovina Alla , Zakharova Victoria
Published: July 2021

The changes in the sphere of the main energy sources in the world and in individual countries were highlighted; the prospects for Russian energy carriers in the global hydrocarbon market were identified. The demand for an energy carrier whose use in Germany is planned to be discontinued (coal) and the demand and competition for natural gas - Russian energy carrier that remains competitive in the conditions of “green” energy were analyzed. The Russian opportunity to save the energy supply market on the background of the new energy order are considered.
Prospects for the use of wood waste for the production of heavy-duty wood boards
Authors: Zagrebin Egor , Vedernikov Konstantin
Published: July 2021

The article presents materials on the prospects of processing wood waste into high-strength structural cellulose material using alkaline processing of raw materials followed by hot pressing. Materials on the study of the cellulose-lignin complex and non-structural components of wood on the example of coniferous plants of various life conditions, including dead wood, are presented. Differences in the content of extractive substances (non-structural components) in individuals of different living conditions, which have a significant impact on the chemical treatment of wood, were revealed. The possibility of using white rotting wood-destroying fungi for partial delignification of wood is considered. The study was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR grant No. 19-04-00353 A.
On the method of improving sustainable development of railway transportation of cargoes in containers
Authors: Gordienko Andrey , Molchanova Oksana
Published: July 2021

For railway transportation of cargoes, the consignors often face the necessity in development of the placement and securing methods that require design-basis justification. The applicable regulatory documents in the field of placement and securing of cargoes in the railway transport provide no method for calculation of methods for the placement and securing of cargoes in containers, although the method to justify the placement and securing of the container in the wagon is established. The absence of the approved method causes difficulties for consignors in choosing rational methods for the placement and securing of cargoes in containers and, of course, affects the sustainable development of railway transportation in containers and the transportation safety. This work is aimed at creating the method for determining the inertia forces acting on cargoes in containers during railway transportation, a well as design-basis justification of loads acting from cargo on container elements.
Intellectual property commercialization as a factor of sustainable development of regional agricultural enterprises
Authors: Khomenko Elena , Rakhvalova Darya
Published: July 2021

The article shows the prospects and trends of the development of the agrobiotechnology industry in Russia and at the regional level (on the example of enterprises of the agricultural sector of the Novosibirsk region). The authors found that one of the factors of sustainable development of the agricultural sector and the agrobiotechnology industry at the present stage is the commercialization of intellectual property. We identified the main intellectual property objects used in the agricultural sector they are invention, utility model, industrial design, selection invention, and trademark. We determined the foundations of their legal regimes, including the definitions, features, and criteria for registration. The article revealed spheres and enterprises of the agrobiotechnology industry for further development of strategies for intellectual property commercialization.
Development of a sustainable environmentally friendly waste management system at large mass and sports events (2023 WJC in Novosibirsk)
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Lada , Cherednichenko Larisa , Malchugova Kristina , Korotenko Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Large public events (forums, championships, contests, olympiads) are events with a large number of spectators and participants, which, as a rule, leads to the generation of a large amount of waste. Mass sporting events are no exception, and when planning them, a special role is assigned to the creation of environmentally friendly waste management system. The subject of the research is the concept of waste management at the upcoming World Junior Ice Hockey Championship in 2023 in Novosibirsk. The article also discusses the types of waste generated in the functional areas of the competition grounds, studied the practice of handling solid waste: possible technologies for utilization and collection. The scheme of waste management at various stages of sports competitions is presented. Reasonable waste management should be based on the following principles: waste minimization, repair and restoration of faulty equipment and inventory, reuse of goods and materials, maximum recycling and composting, minimum burial and storage at landfills. Based on the results of the article, the main methods and recommendations for effective waste management at WJC-2023 were identified