bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bivariate representation and conjugacy class zeta functions associated to unipotent group schemes, I: Arithmetic properties
Authors: Macedo Lins de Araujo Paula
Published: June 2019

This is the first of two papers in which we introduce and study two bivariate zeta functions associated to unipotent group schemes over rings of integers of number fields.
One of these zeta functions encodes the numbers of isomorphism classes of irreducible complex representations of finite dimensions of
congruence quotients of the associated group and the other one encodes the numbers of conjugacy classes of each size of such quotients.
In this paper, we show that these zeta functions satisfy Euler factorizations and almost all of their Euler factors are rational and satisfy functional equations.
Moreover, we show that such bivariate zeta functions specialize to (univariate) class number zeta functions.
In case of nilpotency class 2, bivariate representation zeta functions also specialize to (univariate) twist representation zeta functions.
Zum Stand der geographischen Handelsforschung: Methoden und Techniken
Authors: Rauh Jürgen , Hoffmann Oda Maria
Published: June 2019

Angesichts der zunehmenden Digitalisierung und eines sich ändernden Konsumentenverhaltens definiert sich auch der Einzelhandel neu. Dieser handelsexogene und -endogene Wandel zeigt sich auch in der (Fort-)Entwicklung und Anwendung wissenschaftlicher Methoden der geographischen Handelsforschung. Das Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die vielfältigen methodischen Ansätze und Methoden der Informationserhebung sowie der Datenverarbeitung mittels einer Literatursichtung aktueller deutscher und englischsprachiger Artikel zu untersuchen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Literaturanalyse sollen verschiedene Potenziale und Defizite identifiziert werden.
Steroids in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and at parturition in the mare
Authors: Conley Alan J , Ball Barry A
Published: June 2019

Historically, studies on the endocrinology of pregnancy and parturition in horses have made major contributions of relevance to mammals in general. Recent use of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, measuring multiple steroid hormones simultaneously in blood, foetal and placental tissues throughout normal gestation, and in mares with experimentally induced placentitis, has advanced our current understanding of many of the unusual strategies seen during gestation and at foaling. This includes the stimulation of luteal steroidogeneisis by equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) from the endometrial cups, resulting in additional androgen and oestrogen secretion. Progesterone declines as the endometrial cups and eCG disappears, replaced by 5α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), a potent equine progesterone receptor (PR) agonist, as the chorioallantoic placenta develops. Placental steroidogenesis thereafter is influenced by foetal pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone secretion, providing substrate for 5α-pregnane and oestrogen synthesis, an unusual example of a ‘foeto-placental unit’. Foetal gonadal dehydroepiandrosterone fuels placental oestrone sulphate secretion, peaking at higher concentrations in mares than any other species known, declining steadily thereafter to term. Additional 5α-reduced (DHP) metabolites increase from mid-gestation to peak concentrations 3–5 days before foaling, declining prepartum, most likely as a result of selective loss of placental SRD5A1 (5α-reductase) expression and activity. Similar changes occur in mares with experimentally induced placentitis, which is also associated with a decreased ratio of equine PR-B:PR-A in myometrium, suggesting that progestin withdrawal is both systemic (pregnanes) and local (receptor-dependent) in mares. In addition, some steroids detected during equine pregnancy by immuno-assay are not detected by mass spectrometry, further illustrating the immense value of this technology.
Niveles de actividad física y su relación entre la distribución por sexo y programa académico en una universidad
Authors: Puerta Mateus Keily Catherine , De La Rosa Luna Regis , Ramos Vivanco Ana Matilde
Published: June 2019

El objetivo del estudio[1] fue relacionar los niveles de actividad física identificados en estudiantes universitarios con su género y el programa académico al cual pertenece. La metodología de corte transversal con diseño de muestreo aleatorio simple estratificado sin remplazamiento, con tamaño de muestra de 329 personas, se evaluaron por encuesta probabilística mediante el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física versión corta. Se utilizó el programa de Excel para la tabulación de los datos y el software estadístico R-project, para obtener gráficos BoxPlot, y prueba Chi2, asimismo el análisis de correspondencias para la representación de datos multivariados. Los resultados fueron que el 65,7 % del estudiantado se encuentra en un nivel bajo, el 19,8 % en moderado, 14,6 % en alto. La prevalencia de niveles bajos en hombre fue de 55.6 % y en mujeres de 70.6 %. Estadísticamente, el nivel de actividad física depende del género del estudiante (p<0,05) obteniendo menor nivel las mujeres. El nivel de actividad física depende también del programa de pregrado que curse el estudiante (p<0,05), adquiriendo mayores niveles, los que estudian Licenciatura en Educación Física. En conclusión, la mayor parte del estudiantado universitario se encuentra en el margen de sedentarismo, con mayor prevalencia en mujeres y programas académicos con pocas prácticas de movimiento humano, por esta razón se sugiere incentivar estrategias que promuevan la realización de actividad física regular. Independientemente de que existan programas como fisioterapia, cuyo objeto de estudio este enfocado al movimiento humano.

 

[1] El presente análisis surge de un proceso de investigación de tesis de pregrado.
Respuesta polinómica de la emisión de óxido nitroso en plantaciones de café en Costa Rica
Authors: Montenegro-Ballestero Johnny
Published: June 2019

El óxido nitroso es un potente gas con efecto invernadero que se genera tanto por procesos naturales como por prácticas agrícolas, entre ellas, la fertilización nitrogenada. Por esta razón, se cuantificó la emisión del N2O por la aplicación de nitrógeno ureico (0, 100, 225 y 350 kg ha-1 a-1) al cultivo de café en dos zonas cafetaleras de Costa Rica (Valle Occidental y Los Santos). La cuantificación de la emisión se realizó durante todo un año agrícola. Los resultados mostraron efecto de la lluvia en la emisión del N2O; independientemente de la dosis, la mayor se presentó en los primeros días posteriores a la aplicación del fertilizante. En el Valle Occidental, la mayor emisión de N2O se detectó con 350 kg de N ha-1 a-1, niveles intermedios con 100 y 225 kg de N ha-1 a-1. La menor se presentó sin fertilización. Estos resultados ajustaron el modelo polinomial (Y=8E-08x3-4E-05x2+0.0064x+0.6266, r2=0.87). Para Los Santos, la emisión fue menor sin fertilizante; los mayores niveles se presentaron con 350 kg de N ha-1 a-1. La emisión con 100 y 225 kg de N ha-1 a-1 fue similar, aunque diferentes de los restantes tratamientos; estos resultados ajustaron un modelo polinomial (Y=-3E-06x2+0.0023x+0.6347, r2=0.87). Con los datos de ambas localidades se ajustó un modelo polinómico Y=6E-08x3–3E-05x2+0.0052x+0.6247 (r2=0.83). El uso de esta información se recomienda para estimar el N2O generado por la aplicación de urea como fuente de nitrógeno a plantaciones de café.
Seguridad hídrica: Gestión del agua en comunidades rurales del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Serrano Andrea Suárez , Garro Álvaro Baldioceda , Sanabria Guillermo Durán , Conejo Johanna Rojas , Cantillano Daniela Rojas , Watson Anny Guillén
Published: June 2019

Se seleccionó un grupo de 9 Asociaciones Administradoras de Acueductos Rurales (ASADAS) ubicadas en el Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica, con el propósito de evaluar su gestión y conocer las estrategias implementadas durante el periodo de sequía (2014-2016). Se valoraron 5 componentes básicos de gestión: administrativa y financiera, comercial, comunal, recurso hídrico y gestión de los sistemas de agua, con el fin de determinar si son adecuadas para proveer agua segura a las comunidades. Además, se analizó la calidad del agua potable de cada ASADA, aplicando el nivel 1, según el Reglamento para la Calidad del Agua Potable (38924-S). 1 de las ASADAS estudiadas presentó desarrollo alto en su nivel de gestión; 3, uno bajo, y 5, uno débil. En 2 ASADAS, se detectó la presencia de coliformes fecales y E. coli durante la época lluviosa. Solamente 3 de las 9 ASADAS estudiadas cumplieron con los rangos óptimos de cloro libre residual, lo cual compromete la calidad del agua con la que se abastece a la población. Se concluye que la fragilidad de las ASADAS evaluadas ante un evento hidrometeorológico es alta, debido a la antigüedad de los sistemas, falta de mantenimiento y poca capacidad de sus tanques, lo que incrementa el riesgo durante eventos extremos (sequías e inundaciones). Además, las ASADAS exploradas mostraron, principalmente, una gestión baja o débil; por consiguiente, el agua que se distribuye a las comunidades podría afectar la seguridad hídrica de aquellas abastecidas, debido a que no siempre está disponible cuando se necesita y no cumple con algunos de los parámetros básicos de potabilidad.
METODE SAMPLE BOOTSTRAPPING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERFORMA ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES PADA CITRA TUNGGAL PAP SMEAR
Authors: Dewi Yumi Novita , Sariasih Findi Ayu
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Research on cell classification of single pap smear images is an interesting thing to discuss, where the value of consent is very important to determine whether the cells are normal or not. An example of this study is to determine whether using the bootstraping sample method can improve the performance of the Bayes naive algorithm to classify single pap smear images that are on the herlev dataset. Approval values will be given for two classes and seven classes. The method used consists of several stages, namely preprocessing, knowledge rules, evaluation, and performance reports. The results of this study prove that the bootstrap sample method can increase the accuracy of seven classes to 85.24% and 93.24% for accuracy values with two classes.Keywords: Sample Bootstrapping; Naive Bayes; Pap Smear. ABSTRAK  Penelitian mengenai klasifikasi sel citra tunggal pap smear menjadi hal yang menarik untuk dibahas, dimana nilai akurasi tersebut sangat penting untuk menetukan apakah sel-sel tersebut normal atau tidak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah penggunaan metode sample bootstrapping dapat meningkatkan kinerja algoritma naive bayes untuk mengklasifikasikan citra tunggal pap smear yang ada pada dataset herlev. Nilai akurasi akan diperiksa untuk dua kelas dan tujuh kelas. Metode yang digunakan terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu preprocessing, knowledge rule, evaluation, dan performance report. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode sample bootstrapping dapat meningkatkan nilai akurasi tujuh kelas menjadi 85,24% dan 93,24% untuk nilai akurasi dengan dua kelas.
Pengembangan Algoritma Unsupervised Learning Technique Pada Big Data Analysis di Media Sosial sebagai media promosi Online Bagi Masyarakat
Authors: Buslim Nurhayati , Iswara Rayi Pradono
Published: June 2019

ABSTRAKKumpulan data yang besar atau dikenal dengan istilah big data dapat dianalisis dengan berbagai macam teknik. Salah satu teknik untuk mengolah big data adalah Unsupervised Technique. Ada berbagai macam algoritma yang menerapkan teknik ini. Setiap algoritma memiliki cara dan karakteristik masing-masing. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembagan algoritma yang menerapkan unsupervised learning technique salah satunya algoritma K-Means dengan mengambil sample data pada masyarakat yang melakukan usaha kreatif dan mandiri. Masyarakat dalam yang memanfaatkan usaha online dan offline dalam pemasarannya. Peneliti melakukan uji eksperimen dan simulasi terhadap algoritma tersebut dengan menghasilkan output berupa aplikasi software serta tabel dan grafik yang mampu menggabungkan data yang didapat dari media social dan kuesioner secara ofline. Hasil analisa pengolahan Data tersebut dapat di gunakan sebagao DSS (Decicion Support System) oleh masyarakat dalam mengambil keputusan pengembangan pemasaran produksinya selanjutnya.  ABSTRACTLarge data collection or known as big data can be analyzed with various techniques. One technique for processing big data is Unsupervised Technique. There are various kinds of algorithms that apply this technique. Each algorithm has its own ways and characteristics. This study focuses on developing an algorithm that implements an unsupervised learning technique, one of which is the K-Means algorithm by taking data samples to people who are doing creative and independent efforts. The Society utilized online and offline business in marketing. The researcher conducted an experimental test and simulation of the algorithm by producing output in the form of software applications as well as tables and graphs that were able to combine data obtained from social media and questionnaires fromline. The results of the analysis of data processing can be used as a DSS (Decion Support System) by the community in making their next production marketing development decisions.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DAERAH (SIMDA) KEUANGAN BERBASIS AKRUAL PADA DINAS PERTANIAN DAN PANGAN KOTA MAGELANG
Authors: Hardjanto Kurnia
Published: June 2019

Perencanaan dan laporan pelaksanaan kegiatan pada pemerintah daerah menggunakan aplikasi sistem informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas informasi pada Sistem Informasi Manajemen Daerah (SIMDA) Keuangan berbasis akrual pada Dinas Pertanian dan Pangan Kota Magelang. Metode penelitian adalah survey dengan responden mengisi kuisioner penelitian. Responden adalah aparatur yang terlibat dalam penggunaan aplikasi SIMDA Keuangan dengan total responden adalah 8 orang. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode pre dan post test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi SIMDA Keuangan berbasis akrual meningkatan kualitas informasi dibandingkan dengan aplikasi sebelumnya.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMAKAIAN LISTRIK BERBASIS JAVA:STUDI KASUS PADA PT. ARGO PANTES, TBK
Authors: Handayani Nurdiana , Abdulrohman Rizqi
Published: June 2019

ABSTRAK PT. Argo Pantes Tbk merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang textile yang berada di Jl. MH. Thamrin KM 4, Cikokol Tangerang. Sistem yang berjalan pada PT. Argo Pantes Tbk masih kurang maksimal dalam perhitungan pemakaian listrik. Pencarian data pemakaian listrik harus mencari satu persatu agar dapat mengetahui data pemakaian listrik yang benar. Maka untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukan sistem pemakaian listrik yang lebih baik dari sistem sebelumnya agar dapat menyajikan informasi pemakaian listrik yang lengkap dan mempermudah dalam mengetahui jumlah pemakaian listrik harian dan bulanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode waterfall dan rancangan sistem diimplementasikan dengan Unified Modelling Language (UML). Hasil akhir yang diharapkan adalah agar sistem informasi berbasis java desktop ini dapat mengatasi permasalahan sistem yang berjalan diantaranya lebih maksimal dalam proses perhitungan pemakaian listrik, pembuatan laporan pemakaian listrik dan pencarian data pemakaian listrik lebih mudah. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu PT. Argo Pantes Tbk khususnya unit listrik utility untuk melakukan pengembangan sistem informasi pemakaian listrik.   ABSTRACT PT. Argo Pantes Tbk is a company engaged in the textile located on Jl. MH. Thamrin KM 4, Cikokol Tangerang. System running on PT. Argo Pantes Tbk is still less than the maximum in the calculation of electricity consumption. The search for electricity usage data should look for one by one in order to know the correct data of electricity usage. So to overcome it required a system of electricity usage is better than the previous system in order to present information on the use of electricity is complete and simplify in knowing the amount of daily and monthly electricity consumption. This research uses waterfall method and system design is implemented with Unified Modeling Language (UML). The expected end result is that this desktop java based information system can overcome the problems of running systems such as the maximum in the process of calculating electricity consumption, making reports of electricity consumption and data search electricity usage easier. With this research is expected to help PT. Argo Pantes Tbk especially utility power unit to develop information system of electricity usage.
International practices in forensic speaker comparisons
Authors: Gold Erica , French Peter
Published: June 2019

A survey relating to current practices in forensic speaker comparison testing was recently undertaken of 39 laboratories and individual practitioners across 23 countries. Questions were organised around a number of themes, including the preliminary assessment and preparation of case materials, the checking of analysts’ work, frameworks used for the expression of conclusions, the use of automatic speaker recognition systems, the use of reference populations, and awareness of cognitive bias. Developmental trends in this area of forensic speech science are established by comparing responses to the present survey with those to the authors’ earlier survey published in 2011.
Twelve Tips for Applicants from a Disadvantaged Background Considering a Career in Medicine
Authors: Ul-Hassan Awais , Khanom Salma , Sucharitkul Penelope , Jones Christopher Mark , Waduud Mohammed Abdul
Published: June 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. A minority of medical school entrants draw from disadvantaged backgrounds, which remain significantly under-represented within the medical workforce. Whilst multifactorial, this may in part relate to relative lack of information about the admissions process amongst these groups. In this article, Mohammed Abdul Waduud and colleagues offer their twelve essential tips to support students from disadvantaged backgrounds who are considering applying to medical school. The authors, all of whom are from disadvantaged backgrounds, have experience in applying to medical schools within the United Kingdom. The tips within this article should support students from disadvantaged backgrounds to decide whether a career in medicine is right for them and succeed in their applications to study medicine.
Effects of biocementation on strength parameters of silty and clayey sands
Authors: Behzadipour Hamed , Pakbaz Mohammad Siroos , Ghezelbash Gholam Reza
Published: June 2019

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a bioinspired improvement method of granular soils, as it can significantly affect their engineering characteristics. In fact, calcite nanoparticles produced through MICP increase the angle of internal friction and cohesion intercept of granular soils. As a consequence, the shear strength values of granular soils are improved following the increase in these two parameters. However, MICP is not very efficient in strengthening fine-grained soils. In this study, using Sporosarcina pasteurii for MICP treatment, the effects of biocementation and plastic and non-plastic fines (clay and silt) on the shear strength parameters of sandy soils were investigated after 7, 10 and 15 d of treatment to analyse the viability of MICP in different sand mixtures in the field. Direct-shear tests, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used as investigative tools. The results obtained in this study showed that there was a significant improvement in the shear strength of the samples, while noticeable modification occurred within the first 7 d of treatment and fines reduced the MICP potential for strengthening of sandy soils. Although MICP boosted the cohesion intercept and the angle of internal friction of the samples, a great amount of the gained strength was due to cohesion growth.
Service life extension of SH16 bridges – New Zealand's first hybrid corrosion protection
Authors: Christodoulou Christian , Cobbs Ryan , Corbett Paul , Elliot Mike
Published: June 2019

State Highway 16 (SH16) is a motorway of significant strategic importance, connecting central Auckland to the city's western suburbs and beyond. It carries an average of 90 000 vehicles per day and runs through an environmentally sensitive coastal marine reserve. Two bridges on the route – Whau River Bridge and Causeway Bridge – were rehabilitated due to extensive chloride contamination as a result of exposure to the marine environment. This paper offers a holistic review of the inspection, durability assessment and design processes, and discusses construction, operation and maintenance details. The durability assessment considered deterioration mathematical modelling with regard to service life extensions of 25 and 50 years. A hybrid corrosion protection (HCP) system was selected as the preferred corrosion management solution. The system operates in two phases, initially energised using low-voltage direct current power to arrest ongoing corrosion and thereafter in galvanic mode to provide corrosion prevention. A structural health monitoring system was also designed and installed to offer long-term performance monitoring. The HCP system minimised physical works on site, negated the requirement for extensive replacement of chloride-contaminated concrete, allowed work to take place around the natural tide cycles and offers long-term protection. This is the first HCP system designed and installed in New Zealand and is believed to be the first of its kind for prestressed concrete in tidal waters.
Building a robust athlete in the South African high school system
Authors: Lombard W
Published: June 2019

In the modern era of school sport, schools are faced with important decisions on how best to structure their programs to fit in the growing number of tournaments into the schools sports calendars. Furthermore, school sport has taken on a more professional and competitive feel, with the possibility of winning cash prizes as well as the live TV coverage of various tournaments it is plausible to believe that the pressure on coaches to win at this level has increased when compared to 10 years back.The intention of this article is not to disparage the South African school sport system but rather to create an understanding of best practice when considering high school athletes. As it has been the authors experience through working with numerous highs school athletes and presenting to various schools and educators on this topic that the current system or lack thereof is possibly not athlete-centered which may be detrimental to their development down the line.
Analysis of sport science perceptions and research needs among South African coaches
Authors: Kubayi A , Coopoo Y , Toriola A
Published: June 2019

Background: There appears to be a gap between coaches’ expectations concerning their needs and the focus of research findings published by sport scientists. Given the important role of sport science in enhancing athletic performance, closing the gap between sport scientists and coaches is expedient.

Objectives: To investigate the sport science perceptions and research needs among South African coaches.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey design, a total of 202 (28 male and 174 female) purposively recruited South African coaches completed a validated questionnaire.

Results: Findings indicated that “Improving the technique/efficiency of athletes” (4.33±0.79), “Reducing the incidence of injury/illness in athletes” (4.33±0.76), “Helping athletes peak for competition” (4.31±0.86), and “Mental preparation of athletes” (4.26±0.97) were reported as the most preferred areas of research by coaches. The coaches also reported that “There is a need/role for sport science researchers to translate scientific literature into easily understandable language” (3.93±1.03) and “Sport science knowledge is important for me to be a good coach” (3.90±0.98).

Conclusion: These findings have practical implications for sport federations regarding the need to revise their coach education programmes to include sport science concepts which can be applied by coaches to improve sport performance.
Neurologist at ringside-to be or not to be?
Authors: Sethi N
Published: June 2019

Background: Ringside physicians are entrusted with the task of protecting the health and safety of combat sports (boxing and mixed martial arts) athletes. Ringside physicians come from various disciplines of medicine such as primary care, Internal Medicine, orthopaedics, sports medicine and even otolaryngology. There are very few neurologists who work as ringside physicians.
Discussion: Boxing and MMA are highly controversial sports for neurologists to be involved in for in these sports every punch and kick to the head is thrown with the intention of knocking the opponent out. Every punch and kick to the head is thrown with the intention to win via causing a concussion. Many neurologists thus feel it is unethical to support boxing by working as a ringside physician.
Conclusion: Boxing and MMA are universally thought to be detrimental to the brain and nearly all medical associations at various times have made calls to ban boxing and MMA altogether. While medical associations and physicians including neurologists may not support boxing or MMA, the presence of a neurologist ringside or cageside helps make these sports safer by protecting the health and safety of a combat sports athlete.
A four-week home-based exercise programme is effective in treating subacute low back pain in adults
Authors: Lumb M , Lategan L
Published: June 2019

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition affecting a large portion of the population world-wide and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and work absenteeism. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a four-week, home-based exercise program in treating subacute LBP in adults.

Methods: A quantitative, experimental research design was employed. Twenty male and female adults aged between 18 and 65 years with subacute LBP were recruited by means of advertisements and word of mouth and allocated into either a control group (CG) or a home-based exercise group (HG). Both groups underwent a pre-test that consisted of answering two questionnaires, the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VASP) and the Oswestry LBP and Disability Questionnaire. The (CG) received no intervention over the four-week intervention period, while the intervention group (HG) was given an exercise program and instructed to perform the exercises at home, three times a week for four weeks. After four weeks (post-test), the two questionnaires were repeated. After eight weeks (follow-up test) both groups again completed the two questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric inferential statistics and Cohen’s effect size (d) were used to analyse the data and statistical significance was set at a confidence level of 95% (p?0.05).

Results: Following the home-based exercise intervention there were significant improvements observed in lower back pain and function for the HG. The HG’s Oswestry scores improved significantly (p=0.005) and their VASP also showed a significant improvement (p=0.011). Significant improvements also occurred between the pre-test and four-week follow-up for the HG’s Oswestry score (p=0.021) and for the HG’s VASP (p=0.005). No significant improvement was found for the CG between pre-test and post-test or between pre-test and the four-week follow-up. Large effect sizes (d>0.8) were also observed for the HG between the pre- and the post-test (d=1.59) as well as between the HG and the CG at post-test (d=1.52) and at the four-week follow-up (d=1.6).

Conclusion: The exercise intervention resulted in statistically significant and clinically significant improvements in both function and pain in adults with subacute LBP.
Anterior Cruciate ligament injuries of the knee:
Authors: Strauss G Linde , Janse van Rensburg D , Grant C , Jansen van Rensburg A , Velleman M , Fletcher L
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background and problem statement
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common among athletes and the general public. These injuries may lead to significant absence from activity with an associated financial and social burden. No definitive association has been described between mechanism of injury and pathology to enable us to put preventative measures in place in order to limit these injuries.
Aim
To determine whether there is an association between the mechanism of injury and the pathology seen on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional analytical study. Eighty seven male patients with an ACL injury, who had an MRI scan of the knee within the last two years participated in this study. Participants were contacted to give consent that their information be used in this study. The mechanism of injury and the pathology seen on the MRI scan was noted and categorised into different mechanism of injury groups and associated pathology groups. Statistical analyses included summaries of the data and a test for association between mechanism of injury and pathology. Since there were multiple pathology responses to each mechanism, a modified version of the chi-square test for independence was used. A 5% level of significance was specified.
Results
MRI scans of ACL injuries indicated that the mechanism of a solid foot plant with rotation of the knee has a greater tendency to be associated with medial meniscal injuries (77%), and also a 54% possibility to be associated with lateral meniscal injuries. A solid foot plant with a valgus stress on the knee showed a higher incidence of associated medial collateral ligaments (MCL) injuries (41%) and femoral bone bruising (62 %). These two mechanisms of injury are the most common in ACL injuries and contribute to the clinical significance found in this study. The p-value was however not statistically significant (p=0.44, chi-square value=20.27, df=45) for any association between pathology and mechanism of injury.
Conclusion
Some injury mechanisms causing ACL injury were more common than others and also had more associated pathology. The most common mechanism of injury noted is a solid foot plant with either rotation of the knee or valgus stress on the knee. Strengthening tissue structures involved in those movement patterns that cause these mechanisms can possibly limit ACL injuries in athletes and the general public.
 Key words
Anterior cruciate ligament injury, mechanism, association, pathology, MRI scan, prevention.
Negative self-appraisal mediates the relationship between mindfulness and confidence among adolescent female provincial hockey players in South Africa
Authors: Walker S
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Mounting evidence suggests that mindfulness is positively related to athletic performance and athlete wellbeing. However, few attempts have been made to uncover the psychological processes by which mindfulness might impact performance.

Objective: To determine whether negative self-appraisal mediates the relationship between mindfulness and the confidence component of mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players.

Methods: Provincial adolescent female hockey players (N=486) completed measures of mindfulness, mental toughness-related confidence and negative self-appraisal. Correlation coefficients were calculated between all variables included in the study. An ordinary least-squares regression analysis was performed to test the indirect effect of negative self-appraisal on the relationship between mindfulness and confidence.

Results: Negative self-appraisal exhibited an indirect effect on the relationship between mindfulness and the confidence component of mental toughness (b = .06, SE = .0, CI95 = .04, .09). A subsequent Soble test confirmed that negative self-appraisal served as a statistically significant mediator (b = .06, SE = .01, Z = 5.76, p = .001) in the model. Furthermore 78.3% of the variance in the effect of mindfulness on the confidence component of mental toughness was accounted for by negative self-appraisal.

Conclusion: The effect of mindfulness on the confidence component of mental toughness among adolescent athletes is mediated by negative self-appraisal. Based on the current findings, mindfulness seems to foster confidence by lessening the impact of rigid negative appraisals of one’s performance and worth as an athlete.

Keywords: mindfulness, confidence, negative self-appraisal, mediation, adolescent female athlete
The lateral batting backlift technique: is it a contributing factor to success for professional cricket players at the highest level?
Authors: Noorbhai M , Noakes T
Published: June 2019

Background: This study aimed primarily to investigate the lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) among semi-professional, professional and current international cricket players. A key question was to investigate whether this technique is a factor that contributes to success for cricket players at the highest levels of the game. 

Methods: The participants in this study’s sample (n = 130) were South African semi-professional players (SP) (n = 69), professional players (PP) (n = 49) and South African international professional players (SAI) (n = 12). Biomechanical and video analyses were performed on all the participating groups. Classifiers were utilised to identify the batting backlift technique type (BBTT) employed by all batsmen. All statistics and wagon wheels (scoring areas of the batsmen on a cricket field) were sourced online. A Pearson’s Chi-squared test, Student T-test, one-way analysis of variance and T-test were performed in this study. All analyses were performed using R (R Core Team) at a significance level of α = 0.05. 

Results: This study found that a LBBT is more common at the highest levels of batsmanship with batsmen at the various levels of cricket having percentages of the LBBT as follows: SP = 37%; PP = 38%; SAI = 75%; p = 0.001. There was also a noticeably higher difference in the highest scores and career averages between all groups of players, as well as batsmen who either use a straight batting backlift technique (SBBT) or a LBBT. This study also found that SAI batsmen who used the LBBT were more proficient at scoring runs in various areas around the cricket field (according to the wagon wheel analysis). 

Conclusion: This study found that a LBBT is a contributing factor for success regarding players wanting to play cricket at the highest levels. Cricket coaches should also pay attention to the direction of the backlift with players, especially when correlating it to various scoring areas on the cricket field. Further in-depth research is required to fully investigate the change in batting backlift techniques among cricket players over a long-term period.
The effect of the contract-relax-antagonist-contract (CRAC) stretch of hamstrings on range of motion, sprint and agility performance in moderately active males: A randomised control trial
Authors: Burgess T , Vadachalam T , Buchholtz K , Jelsma J
Published: June 2019

Background: Although stretching is done routinely to prevent injury during explosive sport activities, there is some concern that effective stretching might negatively impact on performance.
Objectives: This study’s main objective was to investigate the impact of a specific stretch (CRAC), in which the muscle to be stretched, hamstrings, is actively contracted then relaxed. This is then followed by the antagonist muscle (quadriceps) contracting. Secondly, the impact of the stretch on performance was examined.
Methods: A randomised control trial was used. Forty healthy active males between 21 and 35 years of age were assigned to either receive three repetitions of CRAC or rest. Hamstring flexibility and the Illinois Agility Test were the primary outcome measures.
Results: The intervention was effective in improving hamstring flexibility by 37% immediately post-application and this was maintained for eight minutes thereafter. It had no significant effect on agility or sprint times.
Conclusions: CRAC applied to stretch the hamstring muscles of active males resulted in a large increase of active knee extension range of motion, without decreasing performance. CRAC appears to be a safe and effective method of increasing the length of the hamstrings pre-sport activity and should be utilised by sports physiotherapists if deemed necessary and beneficial following initial assessment.
The South African Rugby Union Youth Weeks Injury Surveillance Report 2018
Authors: Starling L , Readhead C , Viljoen W , Lambert M
Published: June 2019

The South African Rugby Union Youth Weeks Injury Surveillance Report 2018
Tutoría universitaria y educación intercultural: debates y experiencias
Authors: Rodríguez Nuria Macarena , Ossola María Macarena
Published: June 2019

Este artículo reflexiona sobre los significados que asume la tutoría universitaria para los estudiantes indígenas y tutores pares que han participado de esta instancia durante el desarrollo de sus carreras de grado en la Universidad Nacional de Salta (Argentina). El objetivo es reconocer cuáles son los aportes de la tutoría en la retención y graduación universitaria de las y los jóvenes indígenas, como así también su impacto en la formulación de una propuesta educativa intercultural a nivel universitario. La metodología es cualitativa y se analiza un estudio de caso en el que se reconstruyen parcialmente las trayectorias socio-escolares de dos estudiantes indígenas y dos tutores pares. Los resultados señalan que las tutorías conforman un espacio formativo en sí mismo, donde se transmiten conocimientos y habilidades de las cuales los estudiantes se apropian en diferentes momentos de sus trayectorias académicas y laborales. En las conclusiones se destaca que las tutorías para pueblos originarios constituyen un ámbito en el cual las relaciones interculturales se construyen y negocian cotidianamente.
Negociando el currículum: aprendizaje-servicio en la escuela incluida
Authors: Traver Martí Joan Andrés , Moliner García Odet , Sales Ciges Auxiliadora
Published: June 2019

Este artículo analiza la planificación y puesta en acción de una práctica curricular de Aprendizaje Servicio. El objetivo del estudio es describir el desarrollo del proyecto de ApS como práctica curricular vinculada al territorio y analizar las estrategias de negociación del currículum y de participación del alumnado en dicha práctica educativa. Metodológicamente se trata de un estudio de caso con aproximación etnográfica, en la que se utilizan herramientas cualitativas como la observación participante, las entrevistas y grupos de discusión, los registros audiovisuales, el análisis documental y el diario de campo del equipo investigador. Los resultados dan cuenta del proceso de negociación y desarrollo de la práctica curricular de ApS llevado a cabo entre todos los sectores de la comunidad educativa, mediante la utilización de dinámicas cooperativas y de diagnóstico social participativo como la cartografía social, el aprendizaje cooperativo y las asambleas de clase. Además, se evidencian las principales estrategias participativas desarrolladas por el alumnado entre las que destacamos aquellas que facilitan la articulación de su propia voz de manera colaborativa, como el teatro o las maquetas, y aquellas otras orientadas a la movilización del conocimiento como el uso de las redes sociales. En la discusión se constata la relevancia que tiene esta experiencia de participación y negociación democrática del currículum debido a las pocas iniciativas que existen en este sentido y al hecho de conciliarlo con los intereses del territorio.
Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje e Inclusión en la Educación Básica en Ecuador
Authors: Espada Chavarria Rosa Maria , Gallego Condoy Miriam Bernarda , Gonzalez Montesino Rayco Hautacuperche
Published: June 2019

La educación inclusiva, sostiene que la equidad debe ser el fin y el valor más preciado de los sistemas educativos actuales. Bajo esta premisa, el cambio y la innovación en la escuela son inherentes a tal fin para fomentar la igualdad de oportunidades. Estos cambios, entre otros, afectan a la metodología y a las estrategias docentes. De este modo, educar sin exclusiones corresponderá también a los docentes. Desde esta perspectiva se aborda la presente investigación, con el objetivo de aproximarnos a la realidad sobre el conocimiento y uso de estrategias didácticas que pongan en práctica el diseño universal para el aprendizaje (DUA) de los docentes de educación básica. Así, se presenta un estudio descriptivo en el que se ha utilizado una metodología mixta que ofrece tanto datos cuantitativos como cualitativos. La muestra final es de 26 docentes, que trabajan con niños entre 7 y 12 años, de 4 establecimientos educativos: 2 fiscomisionales, 1 particular y 1 bilingüe intercultural, representados en 3 regiones naturales de Ecuador. Los resultados principales reflejan el conocimiento limitado del DUA y sus principios y, por otro lado, la demanda de los docentes de formación especializada en atención a la diversidad e inclusión educativa a través del diseño universal del aprendizaje. Destacan el tipo de intervención docente y el grado de implicación y participación del alumnado en función de la zona geográfica del país.
OTEL İŞLETMELERİNİN TEDARİKÇİ SEÇİMİNDE BULANIK AHP İLE AĞIRLIKLANDIRILMIŞ HEDEF PROGRAMLAMA UYGULAMASI
Authors: ÜNAL Zeynep , GÜVEN Sabriye , İPEKÇİ ÇETİN Emre
Published: June 2019

Otel işletmelerinde yöneticilerin stratejik
kararlarından bir tanesi belirtilen sürede işletmeye düşük maliyetli, yüksek
kaliteli ürün sağlayacak tedarikçinin seçimidir. Birçok kriteri göz önünde
bulundurmak zorunda olan yöneticiler, işletmenin çıkarlarına ve ihtiyaçlarına
uygun en iyi alternatifi seçmek zorundadırlar. Bu çalışma ile faaliyetini
Antalya’da sürdüren beş yıldızlı bir otel işletmesi için tedarikçi seçimi
problemi bilimsel bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada tedarikçi seçiminde
Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ile Hedef Programlama yönteminin bir arada
kullanıldığı bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Uygulanan bütünleşik yöntemin hem
konaklama işletmelerinde hem de farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren
işletmelerin tedarikçi seçimi sürecine fayda sağlayacağı ve yol göstereceği
düşünülmüştür.
Witnessing the Unspoken Truth: On Residential School Survivors' Testimonies in Canada
Authors: Sedehi Kamelia Talebian
Published: June 2019

Residential schools functioned from 1876 to 1996 in Canada in order to assimilate Indigenous children to Euro- Canadian culture. By implementation of Indian Act (1876), the Indigenous children were taken away from their parents and sent to these schools. The trauma that these kids underwent as a result of physical, mental and sexual abuse at these residential schools has not been discussed by the survivors for many years. Therefore, the current research will focus on ten testimonies by the survivors of residential schools which have been selected from YouTube in order to indicate how their school days experience was narrated to the listener. The survivors of residential schools were witnesses of those incidents and they need a listener to vocalize what remained unspoken for long. The concept of trauma by Judith Herman and testimony and witnessing by Laub and Felman will be discussed while listening to these testimonies by the survivors.
A Study on the Translation of Architecture in Hong Lou Meng
Authors: Wang Jiateng , Yu Yiqi
Published: June 2019

With the development of globalization, cultural exchanges have been widely concerned. And the translation of Chinese literary works has become a trend. Due to the pivotal position of architecture name in literary works, coupled with the rich connotations and communicative function, architectural translation is of great. The building names in the classical novel Hong Lou Meng contained meaningful Chinese cultural connotations，so when translating these names，the literature and culture elements should be taken into consideration. This paper makes a comparative study between Yang Xianyi’s and Hawkes’ translation on the base of language and culture, picking up some typical buildings to do the case study and exploring the charm of Chinese ancient architecture culture. At last, in the hope of giving some reference to the practical translation process, the paper will give some suggestions in some architecture translation.
A Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Oral English Teaching in Rural Junior Middle Schools under the Background of Man-machine Dialogue Examination in China
Authors: Yu Lihong , Song Qiuqian , Miao Junxiang
Published: June 2019

English is a main subject of high school entrance examination in China. Many Students have learned English for more than ten years, but they are still unable to communicate with others in English after they graduate from middle school or even high school because of the poor oral English. With the advocacy of the new curriculum reform and quality-oriented education, many provinces and municipalities in China have introduced oral English test into the English exam of high school entrance examination. However, comparing with urban students, students’ oral English in rural areas is relatively weak, which is undoubtedly a huge challenge for rural junior middle schools. Hence, rural junior middle schools need to take measures to improve the oral English of students. This paper analyses the problems of oral English teaching in rural junior middle schools from the aspects of teaching facilities, teachers and students, putting forward some suggestions accordingly.
On the Differences between English and Chinese Animal Words Cultural Connotations
Authors: Yu Rongmei
Published: June 2019

A social language could reflect culture which is correspondent and its manners show in the contents of words and vocabulary. The same to the animal words what contains rich and profound cultural customs of various nationalities and reflects the philosophical and cultural mentality of all ethnic groups profoundly.In the course of the development of human history, animals keep in touch with human beings. Many animals yet have been being human beings’ pets and friends. Many animals have formed a certain symbol in the minds of people, and are embodied in the language. Animal words are also forming a specific meaning in these processes. There are abundant words in English and Chinese with large number of animals as a metaphor. The cultural diversity of all nations around the world causes people to have different emotional attitudes towards animals in the different cultures, thus, the meaning of animal vocabulary is different in different cultures. It’s helpful to improve the communicative competence of English for the understanding of the cultural connotations of English and Chinese. To promote English learning and intercultural communication is of great practical significance.
An Ecological Analysis of Emily Dickinson’s “The Grass”
Authors: Zuo Xinya
Published: June 2019

As a burgeoning branch of applied linguistics, ecolinguistics mainly studies the influence of language on the sustainable relationships between human themselves, human and other organisms and even the natural environment. One of the most important approaches of ecolinguistic studies is ecological discourse analysis. For instance, the ecological analysis of natural poetry is bound to involve the hidden ideology and potential significance behind the discourse. Emily Dickinson, a famous poet in the United States, has written 1775 touching poems in her life, more than 500 of which are directly or indirectly related to nature and ecology. It has been discussed from different perspectives in the field of literary studies, but discussion from the linguistics perspective is still rare. Working within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics by M.A.K. Halliday, this paper tries to explore how the poem language expresses the writer’s attitude and thought towards the nature through an ecological and linguistic analysis of Emily Dickinson’s representative nature poetry—The Grass. The study shows that the poet’s choice of language serves the meaning of the poem appropriately and that linguistic analysis of the poem can give implications for literary studies.