bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frame of Monitoring Warning System for High Rocky Slope
Authors: Jin Haiyuan
Published: June 2012

Some concepts related to slope monitoring warning are profoundly expounded including monitoring, prediction, forewarning and relationship between each other. Warning elements are deeply analyzed and warning system of safety monitoring is built. Then the general frame of safety monitoring warning is designed based on 3D framework theory and the practical need of warning. On the base of contents and process of monitoring warning, its work flow is proposed which provides overall concept and frame for the development of monitoring warning.
Vibration Fault Analysis in Screw Compressor and Foundation
Authors: Zhou Ying Ming , Song Zhi Min , Zhao Hai Feng , Mi Shu Yun
Published: June 2012

With the characteristics of low noise, low vibration, high reliability and long life, Screw Compressor is the indispensable main equipment which widely used in petrochemical field. The abnormal vibration of Compressor will affect normal operation of the host, lead to damage of some main parts such as Compressor and motor and at the same time it’s an unneglectable hidden trouble for equipment’s safe operation. This article takes the data acquisition of vibration and the analyses of shake for two Ammonia Refrigeration Piston Compressors, and study at the reason about shock then take the effective shockproof treatment plan. All these ensure the stable running of the facility.
Experimental Research on Hysteretic Behavior of Top-Seat Angles Beam-Column Connections
Authors: Wang Xin Wu , Han Dong
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Two full-scale specimens of angles steel using H-section member had been conducted. The specimens were subjected to cyclic reversal loading simulating earthquake effects on a steel moment-resisting force. The objective of the work is to determine the behavior of these connections under cyclic reversal loading well into the inelastic range and to ascertain the effect of design parameters such as column flange stiffener, pre-tension of bolts and the angles flange thickness on the overall behavior. Observations were made concerning the response of the connections and its elements in terms of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation. Information on the design of these connections is presented. The hysteretic behavior of angles beam-column connections under cyclic loading is presented in this paper. Rotational stiffness, the carrying capacity and ductility of top-seat angles connections are analyzed. It is concluded that angles connections can possess the relative high stiffness, strength and excellent ductility as moment-resisting components in the seismic design of frames. Most of the input energy was dissipated in the flange of angles while the column participated a little in the energy dissipation process in the test.
Mechanism and Dynamic Behavior of a Novel Hydraulic Force Pulse Generator
Authors: Yong Zhi Li , Wang Gong Xian , Yuan Jian Ming
Published: June 2012

Based on the concept of hydraulic damper energy dissipation, a passive Hydraulic Force Pulse Generator (HFPG) is presented. The design comprises a conical poppet valve inside a cylindrical hole without any seat. By virtue of aperture and orifice throttling, HFPG dissipates the kinetic energy of a rapidly moving object and cushions it to a halt to produce desired acceleration pulse. Prompt and easy adjustment can be achieved to the damping force by changing the size of the orifice set on cylinder. A mathematical model of the cushion process is developed by way of analyzing the internal fluid dynamic phenomenon of HFPG. And numerical simulation results of the model has exhibited the following features of HFPG: high-efficiency of energy dissipation; easy-regulation of acceleration waveform and being suitable in conditions with large momentum change, especially to be used as the negative pulse generator of dual-wave shock testing machines which can simulate the shock environment of underwater explosion.
Sensibility Analysis on the Shearing Strength Parameters of Sliding Surface
Authors: Zhang Yi Jun , Zhao Liang , Li An , Zhang Chang Liang
Published: June 2012

Taking Majiagou landslide which lies on the left side of the Three Gorges Reservoir as example, the relation between the shear strength c, values and the design parameters through the Janbu methods and sliding force transfer method is analyzed. After comprehensive analysis and comparison of the computing results, it is suggests that influence of the  value on the factor of safety and the residual sliding force is much apparent than that of c value.  value is the most critical factor to ensure the safety and invest of the slide controlling engineering. Therefore, it is significant to choose a reasonable  value in the stability analysis and the controlling design of landslides.
Finite Element Based Fatigue Life Evaluation of Anthropogenic CO2 Pipeline Containing an Inner Defect
Authors: Wen Quan , Jin Qiao , Zhou Jing
Published: June 2012

The great effort for reducing emissions of CO2 to atmosphere will inevitably involve the carry-out process of Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS), a novel plan which intends to capture and store anthropogenic CO2 produced at many existing industrial sources, such as power stations and petrochemical works. In particular, anthropogenic CO2 pipeline transportation from the energy plant to the remote sequestration area(both onshore and offshore) is a fundamental issue regarding the feasibility of applying the CCS technology. CO2 pipelines have been in operation in USA, Europe and North Africa for almost three decades. However, the technical challenges for pipelines transporting CO2 due to the relevant effects of different impurities coming from flue gases, are still needed to get people to take up, especially for China which is focusing on the roll-out of CCS. This paper will address a FE-based method which can assess residual life of a supercritical CO2 transmission pipeline containing an inner defect induced crack. Specifically, a portion of welded round steel pipeline is selected as the object of our analysis and an ANSYS finite element procedure is generated to simulate the stress state of an element volume along the radial direction and hence to calculate the effective stress due to the effects of crack closure. Afterwards, combining the effective stress we get in the above numeric analysis, the Paris equation is modified to build an integral analysis method for the residual life evaluation of CO2 pipeline. Lastly, in order to verify the validity of the proposed method, a pipeline example in a published paper is used as the benchmark model, the full-scale test results of which are compared with those from our method. Based on this, a section of CO2 pipeline, with an initial defect (assumed as a crack source), is analyzed and its residual life is evaluated by using the presented method. The analysis of numerical results indicates that the method presented in this paper can give us a valuable reference to life-evaluation for CO2 pipeline in CCS.
Numerical Analysis to Influence of Different Roller Loads for Low Subgrade Connecting
Authors: Yuan Jian Yi , Tu Yue Ya , Cheng Tao , Zhang Ding Bang , Wu Zhen Hua , Xiang Jian
Published: June 2012

In order to analyze impact of roller loads applying in subgrade connecting, numerical software had been executed to calculate deformation caused by three types of roller loads to 6m subgrade. In this analysis, surface layer of the old subgrade, slope toe point and connecting point had been chosen as key points to study deformation under different construction processes. The results show that the displacement in the vertical direction of point A and point B increases with the roller load's increasing. Deformation of key points has the non-linear relationship with construction steps. According to the minimum deformation, the first scheme is chosen which is beneficial to the train’s safty and stability of whole subgrade. It will be instructive to control differentia deformation for the connecting subgrade projects in high-speed railway
Study on a New Foundation Stiffness Calculation Model
Authors: Ma Yan Jun , Yan Bin , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2012

This paper combined the feature of Winkler foundation model and base model of limited compressible layer based on the layer-wise summation method, on condition that considering the feature of foundation soil, to derived from a newly foundation stiffness calculation model and to verify it.
Projective Geometry on the Structure of Geometric Composition Analysis Application
Authors: Song Xiao Zhuang , Lu Ming Liang , Qin Tao
Published: June 2012

The analysis rule of geometry composition analysis in building structure must rely on geometry theory, while the traditional Euclidean geometry theory can not solve some building structures problems of the geometry components. This problem can be solved in the use of projective geometry theory. In this paper we introduce the proof of projective geometry in the geometry composition analysis and we discuss the application of this theory.
Experimental Study on the Bearing Capacity and Ductility of High Strength Concrete Columns Wrapped with CFRP Cloth
Authors: Hu Zhong Jun , Xu Yan
Published: June 2012

By the axial compression tests on a total of 19 high strength concrete columns wrapped with CFRP cloth, the influence of shape section and different layers on the axial compressive strength and ductility is studied. The experimental results indicated: high strength concrete columns wrapped with CFRP in increasing the bearing capacity and ductility of concrete columns is still valid, its effect on the improvement of ductility is much greater than its capacity.
Nonlinear Reduction Analysis of Defects on Reticulated Shell Structure Bearing Capacity
Authors: Tu Xiang , Wu Yuan Yuan , Xie Guang Liu , Zeng Lei
Published: June 2012

To study the effect of various types of defects on the bearing capacity of reticulated shell structures, this paper analyzes the structural nonlinear mechanics performance under physical defects and geometric defects, combining with the matrix displacement method of structure, obtains the impact law of two defects on the reticulated shell structural bearing capacity. Two reduction methods of corresponding defects are put forward which can be used as reference in engineering design and construction. Afterwards, it is pointed out and demonstrated that the safety factor should be defined by a lot corresponding experiments.
Vibration Control Device and its Performance under Wind Load in High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Dong Zhi Hua , Yuan Ju Yun
Published: June 2012

Based on brief introduction to the concept of vibration control, this paper discusses many different types of device for vibration control under wind load in high-rise buildings. By contrasting and analyzing the performance of each type of device, the classification and characteristics of the vibration control device for wind load are summarized, which could be used in choosing the proper device in controlling vibration under certain conditions.
Application of Support Vector Machine in Springback Forecasting for Steel Structure
Authors: Chen Jian Guo , Li Zhao Guang
Published: June 2012

Support vector machine is applied to springback forecasting for steel structure in the paper. In the steel structure, pressure-pad-force, friction coefficient and die filleted corner have a certain influence on springback amount.We employ BP neural network to compare with support vector machine to show the superiority of support vector machine in this study. Finally,we give the comparison of the prediction error of springback for steel structure between support vector machine and BP neural network. Evidently,the springback prediction for steel structure of support vector machine is better than that of BP neural network.
Experimental Study on Seismic Behaviors of Improved Composite Steel Staggered Truss Structures
Authors: Ran Hong Dong , Xv Wen , Su Ming Zhou
Published: June 2012

According to the poorly seismic behaviors of composite staggered trusses system, an improved composite staggered trusses system was proposed. Based on the experimental study of a 1/3 scale improved composite staggered truss frame steel structure model under cyclic loading, the seismic behaviors and failure mechanism was studied, and the seismic behaviors was evaluated by the hysteretic behavior, ductility, energy dissipation and rigidity degeneration. The study showed that the improved composite staggered truss steel structures had the advantages in bearing capacity, ductility, deformability and energy dissipation, but the lateral rigidity was weak and non-uniform along its vertical layout. The stress measurement showed that the plastic hinge formed in the web members of the truss firstly, then, in the chord members of the truss, and finally the plastic hinges formed in the column, earthquake energy mostly dissipated by the truss members, the failure mechanism of the improved composite staggered truss steel structures was the beam hinges failure mechanism.
The Research of Pore Water Pressure Effect on the Slope Safety Factor Based on Flac
Authors: Liu Hai Bo , Zhang Li Hua , Lin Da Hao
Published: June 2012

On the basis of the Australian Computer Society(ACADS)`s typical questions1(a),first, regardless of the slope in the case of pore water pressure, used FLAC procedure calculate the safety factor, the result was very close to the reference answer given by ACADS, we can see the accuracy of FLAC. Then, applied to the slope of different pore water pressure, obtained safety factor under corresponding conditions, then, we found that the pore water pressure had effect on the slope safety factor, but the influence are not same, when the pore water pressure less than a certain value, the influence are very small, but, when the pore water pressure exceeded this value, the influence became very large.
Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of SRHSHPC Beam
Authors: Zheng Shan Suo , Zhu Shuai Shuai , Hou Pi Ji , Che Shun Li
Published: June 2012

Based on the flexural experiments of 10 SRHSHPC (steel reinforced high strength high performance concrete) simply supported beam specimens, the destructive process and modes were observed, analyzed its flexural failure modes and mechanisms, and investigated the influencing factor for the flexural behavior of beam, such as concrete strength, steel ratio, flange width ratio (the ratio of steel flange width to beam width) and shear connections. Finally, a formula which was suited for the flexural capacity of cross section of SRHSHPC beam was established. Research result will provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of related calculation theory and engineering application of SRHSHPC beam.
Experimental Study on the Splitting Tensile Strength of Recycled Concrete Made of Brick and Tile
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhai Ai Liang
Published: June 2012

By experimental, study on the elastic modulus and the splitting tensile strength together with the influence of the splitting tensile strength with different water-cement ratio, sand rate and water quantity , and the relational formula between the splitting tensile strength and the elastic modulus was summarized by regression analysis.
Experimental Research and Calculation Analysis on Shear Crack Load of Steel Reinforced Concrete T-Shaped Columns
Authors: Li Jun Tao , Zhang Xiang Gang , Chen Zopng Ping
Published: June 2012

Based on the experiment of 8 steel reinforced concrete T-shaped columns specimens under monotonic static shear load, test value of shear crack load were obtained. Influence on shear crack load because of the shear span ratio, axial compression ratio and stirrup ratio was analyzed, the added coefficient θ of flange and α of steel were introduced. The calculation formula for shear cracking load was given. It is shown that shear cracking load reduces as the shear span ratio and increases with the axial compression ratio increases within a certain range, shear cracking load increases with stirrup ratio increasing, the calculated value of shear cracking load is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Improved Computing Method for Row Number of Bend-up Bars in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Cai Li Peng
Published: June 2012

When bend-up bars are placed for the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams, the design calculation is tedious with traditional methods. In this paper, an improved method for the row number of bend-up bars was brought up. And the calculating examples were given to compare with the traditional methods. The results show that the improved method in the paper is simpler, more intuitional, and easier to compute without errors.
Calculation Method Investigation on Jacketing Reinforcement of RC Eccentric Compressive Column Subjected to Fire
Authors: Guo Jin Jun , Lu Yan , Li Ping Xian
Published: June 2012

Based on eccentric compressive experiments of reinforced concrete column strengthened with jacketing method, the paper calculated and analyzed jacketing reinforcement of RC eccentric compressive column subjected to fire. The calculation procedure of residual load capacity of compressive member after fire was put forward according to temperature distribution at column section. To distinguish tensile or compressive failure of RC column, the formulas of relative balanced depth of compressive zone of jacketing section were deduced as well as the corresponding applied calculation method of norm section load capacity was presented under the second loaded stage. In addition, the reinforcement design and construction of one fire damaged building was conducted in terms of this paper’s method. The good running status of strengthened columns for many years validates the applicability of this method.
Research on the Short-Time Deflection of Concrete Beams Reinforced with 500MPa Steel Bars
Authors: Li Zhi Hua , Su Xiao Zu
Published: June 2012

Fourteen concrete beams reinforced with 500MPa longitudinal steel bars were tested under two-point symmetrical concentrated static loading to investigate their deflection characteristics. And the formula for short-time stiffness specified in the code for design of concrete (GB50010-2010)were evaluated using the experimental results and available test data of 74concrete beams reinforced with 500MPa longitudinal steel bars. The results show that the deflection behavior of beams with 500MPa longitudinal steel bars is essentially similar to that of beams reinforced with conventional steel reinforcements. It is also shown that the formula for short-time stiffness under service loads specified in GB50010-2010 is applicable for flexural members reinforced with 500MPa longitudinal steel bars. Comparisons of the test results with the calculated values for the short-time deflection according to GB50010-2010 show that the code method can be used to estimate the short-time deflection for beams reinforced with 500MPa longitudinal steel bars, but that the method is somewhat less accurate for beams with light reinforcement ratio and low-strength concrete.
Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Steel in Neutral Chloride Solution Adding Amine-Carboxylate Based Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Liu Zhi Yong , Li Xiu Lin , Lan Wen Jian , Wu Bao Hong
Published: June 2012

Studies have been carried out to investigate the inhibiting effect of organic corrosion inhibitor (OCI) on steel electrode in 1% NaCl solution using electrochemical techniques. The test results show that the commonly used inhibitors such as triethanolamine (TEA), dimethylethanolamine (AMA) and monofluorophosphate (MFP) as well as their complexes are efficient when used in the chloride solution, while an amine-carboxylate inhibitor (C12) prepared in lab bring an excellent inhibitive performance when added in the chloride solution. Based on the date of linear polarization resistance, the calculated lowest corrosion current of the steel electrode for 10d is about 0.32% of the initial current of the electrode in the chloride solution before adding C12 inhibitor.The date of potentiodynamic scanning curves also show that the inhibitor has self-repair ability even when the steel is localized corrosion attack. The Bode-phase diagram results suggest that the protective layer at the surface of steel becomes homogeneous and compact in the presence of chloride.
Nonlinear Numerical Simulation Analysis on Mechanical Behavior of High-Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced by HRBF500 Steel
Authors: Liu Li Juan , Ye Xian Guo , Chong Xun , Jiang Qing , Xie Lin Lin
Published: June 2012

Mechanical Behavior of 3 high-strength concrete simply supported beams reinforced by HRBF500 steel with different stirrup ratio are simulated by software OpenSees .In order to establish the constitutive relationship of high-strength concrete more accurately, some parameters of modified Kent-Park were adjusted partly. Furthermore, the restraining effect of different stirrup ratio to the core concrete is considered by the concrete strength rasied coefficient k. The analysis results matched the test ones well, indicating that the OpenSees program is effective to simulate the mechanical behavior of high-strength concrete members reinforced by high-strength steel.
Study and Practice of Controlling Anchorage Force Loss of Prestressed Anchor Rope
Authors: Lu Guo Ren , Wang Qing Biao , Li Xiao Jing , Wang Li Ge
Published: June 2012

The anchorage force loss of the prestressed anchor rope results in reduction or loss of anchorage force, which poses an enormous threat to the project safety. In the conceptual design process, factors like the system , structure, spacing and tonnage of anchorage, and properties of rock and soil should be considered and measures should be taken to effectively control or reduce the effect of the anchorage force loss, which possesses great theoretical and practical significance on the design, construction , safety and social-economic benefits of the anchorage project. Finally, the validity and reliability of design measure was proved by an engineering example.
Analysis on Seismic Performance of Frame Columns Reinforced with Wing Walls
Authors: Zhang Xun Zhong , Wang Ru Heng , Hu Wei
Published: June 2012

Through the ANSYS finite element method, the seismic performance of frame columns reinforced with wing walls has been analyzed, indicating that the wing wall reinforcement can effectively improve the lateral stiffness and remarkably increase the bearing capacity of columns. With the wing wall reinforcement, the envelop area of the column’s hysteresis curve increases, and the bearing capacity improves, however, the shrinking phenomena of the curve suggests that the ductility of the section reduces. When the centerline of the additional wing wall coincides with that of the original column, the hysteresis curve inclines to be full, thus advising overlapping the centerline of the wing wall with that of the original column.
Experimental Evaluation of Lightweight AAC Masonry Wall Prisms with Ferrocement Layers in Compression and Flexure
Authors: Abdel-Mooty Mohamed , Hendam Ahmed , Fahmy Ezzat , Abou Zeid Mohamed , Haroun Medhat
Published: June 2012

An experimental program is designed to evaluate the performance of lightweight autoclaved aerated concrete masonry wall strengthened using ferrocement layers, in a sandwich structure, under in-plane compression and out-of-plane bending. The 25 mm thick ferrocement mortar is reinforced with steel welded wire mesh of 1 mm diameters at 15 mm spacing. Different types of shear connectors are used to evaluate their effect on failure loads. The effect of different design parameters on the wall strength are considered including wall thickness, mortar strength, and type and distribution of shear connectors. A total of 20 prisms are tested in compression and 5 prisms are tested under bending. The proposed ferrocement strengthening technique is easy to apply on existing wall system and results in significant strength and stiffness enhancement of the tested wall specimens.
Research on Restoring Force Model of High Strength Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns
Authors: Ma Kai Ze
Published: June 2012

Based on the experimental results of twenty three high strength concrete-filled square steel tubular (HCFT) columns subjected to cyclic lateral load, the restoring force model of square HCFT columns is established. Through theoretical analysis and experimental results, the main parameters of the restoring force model which are axial load ratio, confinement effect coefficient as well as slenderness ratio are discussed. The theoretical method is put forward. The results show that the relation of elastic stiffness to degraded stiffness, the relation of ultimate bearing capacity to yielding loads are proportional with confinement effect coefficient, and inversely with axial load ratio as well as slenderness ratio. Many various influential factors are considered in the restoring force model of square HCFT columns. The model is close to the experimental results which can be conveniently applied for nonlinear dynamics analysis of composite structures.
Experimental Study on Replaceable Hybrid Coupling Beams
Authors: Wang Tao , Guo Xun , He Xiongke , Duan Chengshou , Du Yufeng
Published: June 2012

A hybrid coupling beam is developed in this study to render the reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structure a higher seismic performance. As the first protection from earthquake, the coupling beam is able to dissipate more energy when combined in series with a metallic damper. The strength of the metallic damper is carefully selected so that the RC part of the coupling beam remains elastic, while all plasticity goes into the metallic damper. This mechanism protects the RC part from seismic damage. And the metallic damper can be quickly replaced once it is damaged. This significantly enhances the reparability of entire structure, making it possible to be immediately functioned after earthquakes. The stiffness of the hybrid coupling beam is similar as the traditional RC coupling beam, so that the dynamic characteristics are almost unchanged. In this study, one hybrid coupling beam and one traditional RC beam are experimentally examined. The seismic dissipation capability of the hybrid beam is approximately twice of the traditional beam, and the damage of the RC part of the hybrid beam is very limited.
Numerical Simulation about Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Bolting Steel Plates
Authors: Gao Xue Song , Huo Dong Hui , Lv Shao Hua , Zhao Xu
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a three-dimensional nonlinear finite elemental analysis about the reinforcement concrete beams strengthened by bolting steel plate. The contact effects between the steel plate with reinforced concrete beam surface was simulated by developing the contact elements. The effect of strengthening is analyzed and the effects of the deformation and stress distribution of anchor bolt on the failure mode were investigated. It is declared that this strengthening method can obviously improve the capacity and stiffness of beam, and the flexural deformation of anchor bolt is key problem inducing the failure of strengthened beam. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Deflection in Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars
Authors: Xu Xin Sheng , Zhang Hong Da , Xu Xiao Da
Published: June 2012

The low modulus of elasticity of the FRP bars and their non-yielding characteristics results in large deflection and wide cracks in concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. Consequently, in many cases, serviceability requirements may govern the design of such members. Based on the experiment studies of 5 beams of 2 groups under vertical loads at three-dividing point, the characteristics of FRP reinforced concrete beams was researched. At the same time, the experimental beams are modeled and the influencing factors of deflection of FRP bars concrete beam are analyzed using ANSYS program.
The Formation and Control of Laves Phase in K418 and 42CrMo Dissimilar Metal Laser Weld
Authors: Pang Ming , Liu Chang Zhen , Xu Guang Hui , Ma Jun Hua
Published: June 2012

The effect of K418 and 42CrMo dissimilar metal laser welding velocity, temperature of post-weld heat treatment on controlling formation of laves phase were investigated. Microstructure and laves phase were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results showed that Laves phase formed in the interdendritic regions of the weld metals as a result of segregation. The morphology and composition of Laves phase depended strongly on heat input/cooling rate and influenced its response to subsequent homogenization post-weld heat treatment.
Reliability Model of Fatigue Damage Evolvement of Semi-Rigid Road Base Material
Authors: Wang Shi Yue , Lai Zheng Cong , Liu Guo Shou , Yang Xi Jie
Published: June 2012

The fatigue damage evolving model of brittle materials for one-dimension stress status, as the critical damage DC unequal to 1, was established with damage mechanics theory. And also a new fatigue damage evolving reliability model was established based on the supposition of the fatigue life obeying the normal distribution ,which was verified by fatigue experiments taking the semi-rigid base material for example ,and the propagate life can be ignored .The value of damage variable Dp corresponding to any given probability p can be effectively calculated ,the results show that D was a random variable, the method that to determine the damage of materials and to estimate the security of structures with the damage value D calculated by traditional determinate damage evolving model may cause a mistake that the damage could be evaluated out as a much smaller value and the potential danger of structures could be completely covered up.
Research on the Non-Probabilistic Reliability Based on Interval Model
Authors: Zhang Ai Rong , Liu Xiao
Published: June 2012

Due to the dependence of the sample data for a probabilistic reliability model and the fuzzy model, the interval model was used to describe the uncertain parameters through which a new measure of non-probabilistic reliability was established. Studying the model with the non-probabilistic theory, a new measure of non-probabilistic reliability was established which was the minimum distance between the failure region and the total region constructed by all uncertain variables. This kind of measure not only is consistent with the criterion of the non-probabilistic robust reliability, but also has a clearer meaning. The validity and the feasibility were proved through a computational example.
Free Vibration Analysis for Step Tubular Structures of Tall Buildings Supported on Elastic Foundation Soil
Authors: Xiao Zhen Yan , Gong Yun , Gong Yao Qing
Published: June 2012

A method based on Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) solver for free vibration analysis of tubular structures of tall buildings is developed, considering the deformation of the foundation soil as well as the interactions between the foundation and soil, by means of a three dimensional model with continuously distributed mass and stiffness. The nodal lines employed to discretize the computational model of the structures are one-variable functions defined on the nodal lines selected by the analyst to describe the dynamic behavior of the model. The unknown functions determined numerically herein are actual vibration modes that can be also recognized as the deformation functions of a set of conceptual structural components. By a Hamiltonian principle, the governing equations of the free vibration analysis can be obtained, which are a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the vibration modes with their corresponding boundary conditions. The desired frequencies and corresponding vibration modes can be obtained by numerically solving the ODEs with boundary conditions. The method is applied to the tubular structures of tall buildings. The results from the illustration example show that the method is rational and powerful for the free vibration analysis of tall buildings.
Study on the Deformation and Stability of Building Foundations in Mining Subsidence Areas
Authors: Chai Hua Bin
Published: June 2012

To enhance the effective of the land in mining subsidence areas, realize the development of new rural construction and urbanization. According to the geological and mining conditions, the scale, shape and regularity of the potential crack areas in the coal goafs, separated overburden strata, and the influencing factors which affect the deformation foundation of architecture and stability are studied. Probability integral method is used to establish the further deformations formula of the building foundations in mining subsidence areas. The monitoring data from the ground observation stations are used to invert the further deformation predicting parameters, the surface further deformations of each coal goafs, and the whole surface’s further deformations are calculated by the superposition method. The foundation further deformations, geological structures, etc, are comprehensively taken into consideration. The stability of the building foundations in mining subsidence area are analyzed and evaluated. Research results are very valuable to process, design, and plan the foundations of the buildings in coal mining subsidence areas.
Analysis on Characters of Cross-Fault Tunnel under Action of Earthquake
Authors: Wang Qiong , Chen Gang , Guo En Dong
Published: June 2012

Recent earthquakes indicate that tunnels can not be considered as structures invulnerable to earthquakes, especially in areas crossing a fault. Seismic damage, such as falling, fissure and dislocation of the tunnel lining may happen at location of fault. Under the action of earthquake, two kinds of loads may occur, which are the fault movement and the function of seismic wave. In order to analyze the seismic damage to cross-fault tunnel, the seismic characters under each kind of load are studied by using finite element method. Some meaningful conclusions have been achieved. Under the condition of strike-slip fault, the stress of tunnel concentrated at the position of fault, and the stress in both active and driven plate is small. The influence degree of reverse fault is between the other two kinds of faults. By enhancing the lining materials stiffness, the displacement of tunnel decreased, but the peak acceleration and first principle stress of it increased and the position of max-displacement also changed.
The Application and Study of Urban Seismic Shelters for Evacuation Based on GIS
Authors: Zhang Xiu Yan , Wang Zhi Tao
Published: June 2012

Basing on the characteristics of modernization of cities and requirements of seismic shelters for evacuation, the general principles and comprehensive evaluation methods based on multi-criterion for seismic shelters for evacuation were put forward. In addition, the evaluated indexes, choice methods, coverage ranges and area of responsibility problems of every shelter were also studied in this paper. In final, specific methods and steps for seismic shelters for evacuation were given using GIS.
Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame Columns with Different Volumetric Percentage of Stirrups
Authors: Zheng Shan Suo , Yan Yue Heng , Tao Qing Lin , Li Wen Yong
Published: June 2012

Based on the experiments of a reinforced concrete frame column, 5 new members with different volumetric percentage of stirrups which are applied with constant axial load and horizontal low-frequency cyclic load are analyzed with ABAQUS. This paper aims to study the relationship between volume-stirrup ratio and seismic behavior of reinforced concrete column. By analyzing skeleton curve and hysteretic curve of members, the results show that, if stirrups are reasonably arranged and the volume-stirrup ratio is larger enough, the good ductility, carrying capacity, energy dissipation capacity, and seismic behavior still be obtained with high axial compression ratio.
A Direct Time-Domian Integral Method and its Implementation Based on Matlab
Authors: Rong Mian Shui , Lu Tao , Liu Bi Deng
Published: June 2012

The current equivalent linearization method for evaluation of seismic response of soil layers has been widely used by engineers, but it obviously has limits while considering severe earthquake action and dealing with extremely soft soil layers. Developing a direct time-domain integral method is essential. In this paper, a direct-domain integral method is proposed. In the method, the dynamic skeleton curve constitutive model is introduced and it can fit test results of dynamic shear modules ration curve and damping ratio curve simultaneously, central difference integration method is used to solve the dynamic equation, multi-transmitting artificial boundary condition has been conducted to consider the effect of energy transmission through bedrock boundary. In order to implement this method, a program called Dymatlab has been compiled, strong motion records got from the NGA data base for site effects on strong ground motion have been used to analysis the offshore engineering site with thick soft soil layers. The results show that this program can be applied as a reasonable and feasible method for nonlinear seismic response of soil layers.
Research on the Stiffness Optimization of the Reinforced Concrete’s Shear Wall Structure Based on the Earthquake Response Spectrum
Authors: Zhang Meng Nan , Li Yan Ying
Published: June 2012

Optimization design is the significant development in the structure design which could adopt the better from several plans in the same task. This paper build the finite element model of sixteen-floors shear wall structures, which control the deformation as the restraint condition, to make the thickness of shear wall as the design variable and to take the light structure as the objective function in order to execute the optimization. After the optimization, the bottom and internal stress become higher, whereas the centralized stress will occur in the corner and the middle of the rooftop and the opening of the shear wall. The horizontal earthquake of the various floors presents the curve like S with the increasing of the floors. And the floor which occur earthquake effect and the biggest displacement angle is in the middle of the structure and the whip tip effect will emerge in the top of the structure.
Prediction of Seismic Casualties Based on Urban Land Types
Authors: Zhao Dong Kai , Su Jing Yu , Wang Wei , Ma Dong Hui
Published: June 2012

A probability model based on urban land types and probability reliability was put forward to predict seismic casualties. The casualty probabilities of different urban land types were got by classifying the urban land types, combining with the historical earthquake casualty statistics and statistic residence status in the architecture of different urban land types, and then the upper value of earthquake casualties in certain probability might be estimated. Meanwhile, an example was analyzed with the proposed method. Results show the feasibility of the proposed method.
Stochastic Response Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Nonlinear Structures under Earthquake
Authors: Liu Zhang Jun , Fang Xing
Published: June 2012

The probability density evolution method (PDEM) for random earthquake response analysis of non-linear structure is constructed by incorporating orthogonal expansion method for earthquake ground motion into the PDEM. In this method, seismic acceleration process is represented as a linear combination of deterministic functions that are modulated by 10 uncorrelated random variables. The stochastic seismic response analysis and reliability evaluation of nonlinear structures under earthquake excitations will be successfully carried out if the above methods can be combined together. In order to validate the proposed method, the author takes a nonlinear frame structure subjected to ground motion as an example to illustrate it.
Seismic Response Analysis on Flat L-Shaped Frame Structure Based on FEM
Authors: Wang Hui Min , Cao Liang , Yao Ji , Wang Zhi Liang
Published: June 2012

For the complex features in the form of a flat L-shaped reinforced concrete frame structure, the three dimensional FEM model of the structure was established in this paper, and the dynamic characteristics of the structure was analyzed, the participation equivalent mass of every mode’s order was obtained. Seismic response analysis for the structure was carried out with modal decomposition spectrum method and time history analysis method, the weak layer of the structure was pointed out and the reference for the structural design was provided.
Study on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Masonry High-Rise Building
Authors: Sun Xu Jie , Zhang Hou , Lu Da Gang , Wang Feng Lai
Published: June 2012

The design process of the 100 m high reinforced concrete masonry building in China was firstly presented, deformation check calculation under earthquake action by mode-superposition response spectrum method and time-history analysis method were detailed and deformation under wind load was also checked. Then elastic-plastic deformation under earthquake action was checked by time-history analysis method and pushover analysis method with both under uniform load and reverse triangle load. The conclusion is construct 100 m high office building built in Fortification intensity 6 by reinforced concrete masonry is feasible. Then the building was redesigned as built in fortification 7, the same check was performed as that have been done in fortification 6, it is feasible too.
The Research on Hysteretic Energy in the Equivalent System Schemes between Multi Degree of Freedom System and Single Degree of Freedom System
Authors: Sheng Ming Qiang , Liu Ying
Published: June 2012

The cumulative damage produced by severe earthquake is significant to the structural dilapidation and collapse. Most design methods based on force or displacement can’t reflect the effect of cumulative damage. Energy-based seismic design is known as a good alternative design. At present the research on the hysteretic energy of single-degree of freedom system(SDOF) is abundant, but real buildings can only be simplified as multi-degree of freedom systems(MDOF) mostly. Therefore how to acquire suitable equivalent single-degree of freedom system(ESDOF) is a key program. In this paper 12 equivalent system schemes(ESS) have been put forward, then the ratio of hysteretic energy(RH) of 6-floors framework was calculated with 30 typical seismic waves. Based on the comparison and analysis between calculations of 3 typical ESS, by the way of envelope fitting, the expression of RH related to earthquake characteristic value a/v was established.
Analysis of Seismic Factors to Tunnels in the Earthquake
Authors: Zou Yan , Jing Li Ping , Sun Hai Feng , Li Yong Qiang
Published: June 2012

Underground structures have mechanical characteristics and seismic responses very different from common structures on the ground in the earthquake due to the constraints of the surrounding soil. Tunnel destruction has occurred many times in domestic and international earthquake. In order to study seismic factors and failure mechanism of tunnels in the earthquake, numerical simulation of the seismic responses of the circular shield tunnel is carried on. Harmonic P-waves and S-waves are entered to make the tunnel vibrate and deform. Viscous-spring artificial boundary condition is applied in the numerical simulation to consider the semi-infinity of soil. The elastic modulus of soil, the frequency of harmonic waves and the depth of the tunnel are regarded as the main factors. The seismic responses such as stress and relative displacement are analyzed in different parameters to get the failure mechanism of circular tunnel.
Seismic Dynamic Response Study of Wuhan Changjiang River Tunnel
Authors: Dong Bi Chang , Shu Tao Lang
Published: June 2012

This paper presents seismic dynamic response rules of Wuhan Changjiang River tunnel. Bilateral seismic dynamic responses of tunnel typical geology section are studied based on software of ANSYS. Conditions of gravity and water pressure are considered compared with that of no gravity. Some conclusions have been obtained:(1)The node displacement of lining arch crown is the biggest ,which of soffit lining is the least under two-way earthquake. The maximal node displacement not considering initial condition of gravity decreases 34 percent, and the relative displacement reduces 22 percent between the top and the bottom of lining compared with thinking of gravity influence; (2) The maximal equivalent node stress of the former distributes on lining side wall, which decreases 29.4 percent in comparison with the latter under two-direction earthquake;(3) The gravity factor can not be ignored in seismic analysis of underground tunnel.
Behaviour of Colliding Multi-Storey Buildings under Earthquake Excitation Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Mahmoud Sayed , Abd-Elhameed Ayman , Jankowski Robert
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the coupled effect of the supporting soil flexibility and pounding between neighbouring, insufficiently separated buildings under earthquake excitation. Two adjacent three-storey structures, modelled as inelastic lumped mass systems with different structural characteristics, have been considered in the study. The models have been excited using the time history of the Kobe earthquake of 1995. A nonlinear viscoelastic pounding force model has been employed in order to effectively capture the impact forces during collisions. A discrete element model has been incorporated to simulate the horizontal and rotational movements of the supporting soil. Numerical simulations have been performed using developed software based on the Matlab code. The variation in storeys peak displacements, peak accelerations and peak impact forces for various gap sizes is presented in the paper and comparisons are made with the results obtained for colliding buildings with fixed-base supports. The results of the study indicate that the incorporation of the soil-structure interaction decreases both storey peak displacements and peak impact forces during collisions, whereas increase the peak accelerations at each floor level.
Normally Used Structural System Types of Guangzhou Country Residential Buildings and their Antiseismic Performance Analysis
Authors: Wang Fan , Chen Zhi Jin
Published: June 2012

In view of the lack of formal design, professional construction team and qualified building material in construction process of present country residential buildings, seismic survey in several villages in Guangzhou is carried out, aiming to know more about the seismic safety of country residential buildings. Three most commonly used country residential building structures are raw soil structure, brick-concrete structure and frame structure. By analyzing the common structure and recording the construction process, the general characteristics are summarized, the potential safety hazard is demonstrated and the seismic capacity is evaluated.
Experimental Study on Elastic Modulus of Combined Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yan Kun , Hui Liu , Zhao Shu Shan
Published: June 2012

Based on the test of 108 blocks with 150mm×150mm×300mm, 54 blocks with 150mm×150mm×150mm, elastic modulus of that of combined aggregate concrete is studied, and the influencing factors on it are discussed. The results show that the elastic modulus of combined aggregate concrete are very much affected by the ratio of common aggregate to lightweight aggregate, and it increases with the water-cement ratio decreasing. The calculation equation of combined concrete modulus is suggested.