bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Content of Forensic Characteristics of High-Tech Crimes
Authors: Polyakov V. V.
Published: July 2024

The paper identifies the main classifying characteristics of the forensic group of high-tech crimes. The problems of developing a forensic characterization of crimes included in this group are considered. The most important structural elements of the forensic characteristics under consideration are described. The determining role of the high-tech method of committing crimes has been established and its features have been analyzed. Debating points related to the object and subject of high-tech criminal encroachment are noted. With regard to the subject of the crime, the author concludes that such is a group, while the accomplices of the crime have personal characteristics that prevent the construction of a single typical portrait. The specificity of the crime situation is considered, because the main cause-and-effect relationships are formed in cyberspace. Important features of the trace pattern, manifested in the formation of electronic digital traces, are noted. It is shown that the means of committing high-tech crimes are special software, hardware and software-hardware, the peculiarity of which is their novelty. The role of counteraction to the investigation of high-tech criminal acts on the part of criminals and persons associated with them is revealed. For the first time in criminological theory, the glocalization factor is noted, and the relevance of this element of criminological characteristics for the study of high-tech crimes is shown. The cause-and-effect and correlation relationships between the elements of the forensic characteristics are analyzed.
Analysis of data on phytophotodermatitis caused by contact with the sap of plants of the genus Hogweed (Heracleum L.)
Authors: Klimkina Ekaterina A. , Okolelova Marina S. , Smirnova Elena S.
Published: July 2024

The rapid spread of overgrowth of plants of the genus Hogweed, associated with their use as an agricultural fodder crop, is currently a serious problem for the Russian Federation. This process has a negative impact on the biodiversity of the vegetation cover, destroying natural ecosystems and causing significant economic damage. However, the active spread of hogweeds on the territory of the Russian Federation would not be so catastrophic if it were not for their aggressive properties: in contact with the skin, plant sap causes phytophotodermitis, which is a burn similar to thermal burns of I, II and III degrees. The article considers qualitative and quantitative composition of the main biologically active substances of hogweeds sap and shows that the biologically active substances causing phytophotodermatitis are furanocoumarins. It has been established that the pronounced photosensitizing activity of furanocoumarins is determined by the presence of a furan ring at positions 6,7 and 7,8 of coumarin. Such compounds include psoralen and its main derivatives: xanthotoxin, bergapten, bergamotin, imperatorin, isopimpinellin and angelicin (isopsoralen) and its main derivatives: sfondin, pimpinellin, isobergapten. Substitution of furan ring condensed with coumarin ring as well as change of its position leads to loss of photosensitizing activity. It was determined that the activity of plant sap of the genus Hogweed is in direct dependence on such factors as qualitative and quantitative content of furanocoumarins in the plant sap, the amount of sap and the area of the skin lesion zone, the time of contact of the affected skin areas with the plant sap, the intensity of ultraviolet irradiation and the time of its effect on the affected areas, as well as the peculiarities of each person (e.g., age, skin phototype). The methods of standard therapy of three clinical forms of phytophotodermatitis were analyzed. It was found that currently no specific clinical recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of phytophotodermatitis resulting from contact with the sap of hogweeds. At the end of the article, the conclusion is formulated that one of current and promising tasks of pharmaceutical technology may be the development of drugs used in the treatment of burns caused by the sap of plants of the genus Hogweed, taking into account the mechanism of action of furanocoumarins.
The use of liquid and gas chromatography in combination with mass spectroscopy and the method of capillary electrophoresis to study hydroxycinnamic acids in plants growing in Russia
Authors: Kompantseva Eugenia V. , Saushkina Anna S. , Ayrapetova Asya Yu.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Recently, the volume of research and publications devoted to the study of the class of phenylpropanoids in plants, in particular, hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, has been steadily growing. This is due to the diverse range of their pharmacological activity and the possibility of using them in medicine. The reliability and reliability of identification of this group of compounds is significantly expanding with the improvement of analytical methods: gas and liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectroscopy, as well as the use of capillary electrophoresis. The study of the proposed approaches to the analysis of this group of compounds can be interpolated to new plant objects.
AIM: A comparative analysis of the use of liquid and gas chromatography methods in combination with mass spectroscopy, as well as the capillary electrophoresis method for the study of hydroxycinnamic acids in plants growing and cultivated in the Russian Federation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Results published in domestic periodical scientific journals and conference proceedings, based on information and analytical studies.
RESULTS: Data on the study of the conditions of extraction, structure and content of hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives in plants growing on the territory of the Russian Federation have been systematized. The review presents the advantages and limitations of gas and liquid chromatography in combination with the method of mass spectroscopy in the analysis of this group of compounds, using various conditions for their extraction from plant materials. The prospects of using the capillary electrophoresis method for these purposes are shown due to the ease of implementation and highly efficient separation of hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives in plant materials. It has been established that there is a lack of information on studying the dynamics of their accumulation depending on climate-forming factors, regions of growth, as well as their stability in plant materials.
CONCLUSION: analysis of the methods presented in the review allows us to create a methodological basis for further improvement and development of new methods for the analysis of hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives in plant objects.
Processamento da variação linguística
Authors: Freitag Raquel , Soto Marije
Published: July 2024

O processamento da variação linguística é um campo de interface que envolve a sociolinguística, a psicolinguística e as ciências neurocognitivas. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a descrição de como se dá o processamento e a aquisição de input variável considerando as pressões dos efeitos sociais, este dossiê temático reúne 14 estudos que apresentam contribuições em perspectiva descritiva observacional e experimental de fenômenos variáveis morfossintáticos, como concordância, flexão de gênero, imperativo gramatical e orações relativas, bem como de fenômenos no nível da consciência social e de ideologias linguísticas relacionados ao tabu, preconceito e atitudes em relação a línguas. Os resultados dos estudos apontam caminhos que ampliam as abordagens teórico-metodológicas até então envolvidas, especialmente as relacionadas ao modo de conciliar o controle exigido em pesquisa experimental com o paradoxo do observador da sociolinguística, mas ainda esbarram nas limitações decorrentes da tecnologia disponível e do entendimento de um modelo de língua que envolva diversidade e estrutura.
Percepção/Processamento da variação sociolinguística
Authors: Gomes Christina Abreu , De Melo Marcelo Alexandre Silva Lopes
Published: July 2024

Esse artigo tem os seguintes objetivos: a) apresentar uma reflexão sobre as contribuições da pesquisa sociolinguística que vem sendo desenvolvida sobre percepção/processamento da variação com base em dados experimentais, focalizando especificamente resultados de estudos voltados para a organização cognitiva da variação no conhecimento linguístico de adultos e crianças, para o efeito, na percepção, de condicionamentos verificados em dados de produção, e também resultados de estudos voltados para o efeito da mudança em progresso na percepção da variação pela comunidade de fala; b) refletir sobre resultados que, a princípio, não replicaram condicionamentos observados em estudos com dados de produção e servem de base para a discussão dos desafios da pesquisa experimental sobre a variação sociolinguística. Nossas considerações se baseiam em um conjunto de estudos delimitado para os objetivos deste artigo, buscando situar esse campo de estudos da Sociolinguística que vem se ampliado neste século. Tomamos como ponto de partida a premissa teórica da Sociolinguística de que a variação é inerente ao conhecimento linguístico internalizado. Argumentamos que o estudo do processamento da variação precisa considerar, em seus protocolos experimentais, a hipótese da atuação conjunta de fatores linguísticos, sociais e cognitivos, como no “princípio de causas múltiplas” de Young e Bayley (1996, p. 253-254), retomado em Bayley (2002, p. 118-120), um desafio para a pesquisa experimental, que precisa isolar e controlar fatores de diferentes tipos que coocorrem e competem na gramática do indivíduo e na da comunidade de fala, seja considerando o ponto de vista do falante ou do ouvinte.
Falantes (não) têm consciência da variação morfossintática
Authors: Siqueira Manoel
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa objetiva expandir a discussão da consciência da variação ao nível morfossintático a partir de dois fenômenos morfossintaticamente semelhantes: o uso variável de artigo definido antes de possessivos pré-nominais, em a sua casa e ᴓ sua casa, e antes de antropônimos, em vi o Pedro e vi ᴓ Pedro. Para tanto, questiona-se se falantes reconhecem diferenças nos usos variáveis de artigo definido antes de possessivos e de antropônimos. Para responder à questão, aplicou-se um experimento de discriminação de sentenças com os contextos-alvo, utilizando estímulos variáveis quanto à presença/ausência de artigo definido. A análise dos dados evidencia que falantes nem sempre reconhecem diferenças nesses contextos linguísticos, com interferência da variação nos resultados: o tempo de resposta é maior quando as sentenças são variáveis e falantes tendem a apresentar alta frequência de erro nessas sentenças. Conclui-se que falantes nem sempre são conscientes da variação morfossintática: embora haja diferentes organizações, eles tendem a não as notar
Dimensions of Metaphor Meaning
Authors: Siman Josie Helen , Sampaio Thiago Oliveira da Motta
Published: July 2024

For many years, scholars have been proposing generic or universal theories of metaphor, but metaphors turn out to be more complex than that. In this paper, we discuss cases that show that metaphor meanings and mappings are contextual. By contextual, we mean the interactions between multiple factors in different timescales. The cases we analyze to make our point come from our study of resistance to metaphors. When people resist metaphors, they tend to explain what meaning the metaphor has to them, thus we see naturally occurring evidence for metaphor’s dynamic and multidimensional meanings. Contrary to Lakoff’s claims, there can be no single source of meaning to metaphors. In a complex systems perspective, metaphor meaning is construed in the interactions between different factors, such as the background of the speakers and listeners, the grammatical form of the metaphor, the co-text, personality, other characteristics of the metaphor (aptness, familiarity, conventionality), the history of previous uses of the metaphor, etc. All these factors operate in a non-deterministic way. In this perspective, conceptual metaphors, acquired through experiences, are one source of constraint to meaning. People share similar meanings to the degree that they share similar experiences, knowledge, and biases.
Construções concessivas escalares
Authors: Fontes Michel Gustavo
Published: July 2024

Este artigo propõe uma descrição, pautada no modelo teórico-metodológico da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (Hengeveld; Mackenzie, 2008), de construções concessivas articuladas pelas conjunções complexas ainda que e mesmo que, com o objetivo de precisar o estatuto léxico-gramatical dessas conjunções e de mapear as diferentes relações concessivas por elas instauradas. Para tanto, conta-se, como material de análise, com ocorrências do português contemporâneo, coletadas a partir do Córpus do Português (Davies; Ferreira, 2006). Defende-se que subjaz, ao uso de construções concessivas com ainda que e mesmo que, uma associação entre concessividade e escalaridade (König, 1985a; 1985b), o que permite atestar o estatuto intermediário (em termos de contínuo léxico-gramatical) dessas conjunções. Esses resultados demandam, em termos de representação conforme o modelo da GDF, duas questões: (i) representações multinivelares dessas construções alinhando distinções próprias aos dois níveis da formulação, Interpessoal e Representacional, e chegando aos impactos na codificação no Nível Morfossintático, e (ii) a distinção de um novo tipo de primitivo morfossintático, o padrão conjuncional semifixo.
Ciência do Léxico e Ciências do Léxico
Authors: Silva Fernando Moreno da Silva
Published: July 2024

No Brasil, costuma-se empregar o termo Ciências do Léxico para se referir ao conjunto de disciplinas que se ocupam do estudo das unidades léxicas da língua: Lexicologia, Lexicografia e Terminologia. Pensando numa adequação terminológica, surge uma questão conceitual: as ciências do léxico são de fato, do ponto de vista epistemológico, ciências? Com esse problema, apresenta-se uma proposta: sistematização dos estudos do léxico, estabelecendo, com base em Saviani (1980, 2007, 2010), uma diferença entre ciência do léxico e ciências do léxico. Para essa reflexão, toma-se a dialética como um método de construção de conhecimento, num movimento que vai da síncrese (heterogeneidade real) à síntese (homogeneidade possível) por meio da abstração.
Morphological Processing in Developing Readers
Authors: Pereira Humberto dos Reis
Published: July 2024

This study investigated morphological processing in developing readers and which factors can modulate this process. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the search was carried out in the Web of Science, Scielo and PsycInfo databases, with no time limits. A total of 192 studies were identified. After the eligibility criteria were applied, 34 articles were included in the final sample, including 28 articles from the references of the sample studies. There is evidence that morphological processing occurs, in different languages, around eight years old, with discrepancies depending on individual, linguistic and psycholinguistic variables. Our findings suggest that, initially, morphological decomposition may be restricted to those complex words where there is orthographic and phonological overlap with another monomorphemic word, with activation of the latter driving the decomposition process. The study contributes to a better understanding of how morphological processing occurs during visual word recognition in children, identifying and discussing variables that can modulate this process. We hope that the results of this study can guide future research on the development of reading.
percurso Kant-Blumenbach/Hamann-Humboldt e a filosofia da linguagem
Authors: Domingues Taciane
Published: July 2024

Nosso objetivo é embasar a tradução do termo Bildungstrieb como “impulso formativo” na obra de Wilhelm von Humboldt Sobre a Diversidade de Construções Linguísticas e sua influência no desenvolvimento espiritual do gênero humano (SDCL), de 1836. Seguimos a orientação do filósofo neokantiano Ernst Cassirer e outros para os quais Humboldt mobiliza conceitos essenciais da filosofia de Immanuel Kant; dessarte, pelo cotejo filológico entre a fortuna crítica de I. Kant e Johann Friedrich Blumenbach e a obra de Humboldt, mapeamos o conceito de impulso formativo como aquele que marcou o debate sobre os corpos organizados na investigação da natureza. Para teorizar a formação do som articulado, Humboldt se inspira na discussão entre Kant e Blumenbach, para os quais a autonomia da matéria viva e o estatuto de seu desenvolvimento respondem ao impulso formativo – uma força natural que concilia a mecânica, conforme descrita pelas leis newtonianas, à teleológica, na qual algo é causa e efeito ao mesmo tempo. Como resultado, a teleologia se torna fundamental para Humboldt pensar o som articulado, o que, consequentemente, opõe-se à arbitrariedade do signo linguístico. Aproximando ainda mais Humboldt ao debate da natureza de Kant e Blumenbach, em SDCL também há ocorrência de metáforas do organismo, as quais desencadearam, por meio da crítica do filósofo Johann Georg Hamann à Kant, uma das primeiras reflexões sobre o papel da linguagem na filosofia crítica kantiana (projeto aderido por Humboldt). Assim, o percurso Kant-Blumenbach/Hamann-Humboldt explica o estatuto conferido por Humboldt à linguagem como o órgão formativo do pensamento.
Letramentos acadêmicos e científicos
Authors: Oliveira Marília de Carvalho Caetano , Gomes Maria Luísa Moura
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho é um recorte do projeto intitulado O processo de produção de gêneros acadêmicos: reflexões e desdobramentos, desenvolvido no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa Letramentos, Gêneros e Ensino (UFSJ/DELAC/CNPq). Aqui, especificamente, pretende-se analisar os usos e os impactos gerados pelas Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) na prática acadêmica e profissional de professores(as) de dois cursos de Letras (Língua Inglesa e Língua Portuguesa) de uma universidade pública brasileira e que recursos digitais podem contribuir para a revisão de textos de seus(suas) alunos(as). A fundamentação teórica é subsidiada pelos Novos Estudos de Letramento (NEL), com foco nas abordagens de Lea e Street (1998, 2014), Rojo e Moura (2019) e Kalantzis, Cope e Pinheiro (2020). A metodologia, vinculada à Linguística Aplicada, tem uma perspectiva qualitativa de cunho interpretativista (Paiva, 2019), em que um formulário on-line foi utilizado como instrumento de geração de dados. Os resultados revelam que as tecnologias estão muito presentes na vida acadêmica e profissional dos(as) docentes, levando em conta que eles(as) se apropriam de equipamentos multimídia, plataformas e documentos on-line, softwares, permitindo uma maior diversificação nas estratégias. Além disso, os depoimentos apontam impactos positivos dessas ferramentas na organização e didatização de conteúdos, bem como na otimização da produção acadêmica desses(as) profissionais.
latinidade do léxico romeno pela lista de Swadesh
Authors: Cardoso Rogério Augusto Monteiro
Published: July 2024

Este artigo visa a apresentar a latinidade do romeno por meio da Lista de Swadesh, que reúne de 100 a 200 itens lexicais do vocabulário básico de uma língua qualquer, com o intuito de identificar possíveis parentescos linguísticos. Embora a filiação do romeno à família românica seja hoje indiscutível, as suas feições peculiares o fazem parecer, à primeira vista, um idioma muito apartado da realidade neolatina. No entanto, por meio da análise etimológica dos cerca de 100 itens lexicais aqui listados, chega-se à conclusão de que o léxico romeno primitivo não só é fortemente latino, como também possui muitas palavras em comum com as línguas românicas ocidentais. Com efeito, 90% dos itens arrolados têm origem latina, demonstrando que o vocabulário básico de uma língua é, de fato, mais resistente a empréstimos. Os cognatos românicos nem sempre são tão óbvios porque certos fenômenos fonéticos típicos da história do romeno podem ter alterado drasticamente a forma dos vocábulos, tornando-os às vezes irreconhecíveis.
Calle Santa Fe
Authors: Dos Santos Guilherme Araujo
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo propõe investigar como o chamado “documentário de busca”, definido por Bernardet (2005) como uma relevante ferramenta de acesso à subjetividade, pode auxiliar na revisão de traumas deixados pela ditadura militar chilena. Entre inquietações e um consequente estado de melancolia expostos pela cineasta Carmen Castillo, interessa analisar no filme Calle Santa Fe (2007), particularmente sob o escopo das teorias da imagem e da literatura, o trânsito existente entre cinema, ensaio e narrativa autobiográfica. Estas searas, uma vez entrecruzadas, concebem um gesto que possibilita acionar no sujeito novas referências para a elaboração do passado e a possibilidade de reconstruir-se diante do trauma
La Bicicleta e o Colectivo Acciones de Arte (CADA)
Authors: Costa Adriane Vidal , Vivacqua Isadora Bolina Monteiro
Published: July 2024

O artigo analisa a resistência político-cultural empreendida pela revista La Bicicleta e pelo grupo Colectivo Acciones de Arte (CADA) no contexto da ditadura militar no Chile (1973-1990). Na análise, apresentamos, primeiramente, as transformações ocorridas no campo cultural chileno após o golpe de 1973, com destaque para a chamada “operação limpeza” realizada pela ditadura. Seu objetivo era minar as produções artísticas que apresentavam uma visão positiva sobre o governo de Salvador Allende e direcionar as artes para a construção de um imaginário consoante com as ideias propagadas pelo regime militar. Em seguida, o artigo destaca o surgimento de La Bicicleta e do grupo CADA em meio a esse conturbado contexto, as suas respectivas formas de atuação e as reflexões que suscitaram sobre o papel político e social das artes, especialmente diante de um regime de exceção. As conclusões do artigo demonstram como tais iniciativas culturais ajudaram a contestar leituras históricas oficiais propagadas pelo pinochetismo e ofereceram estratégias inovadoras de denúncia política e resistência cultural.
memórias da repressão política contra os mapuches após o golpe de estado chileno (1973) na dramaturgia do KIMVN Teatro
Authors: De Souza Carla Dameane Pereira
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo será apresentado um diálogo com as obras do repertório artístico do KIMVN Teatro, destacando os aspectos simbólicos e as reflexões que constituem os testemunhos de personagens que levam à cena memórias da repressão política contra os mapuches após o golpe de estado chileno (1973). O diálogo se dará a partir da apresentação e da leitura crítica de trechos extraídos dos textos dramáticos das obras Ñi pu tremen Mis antepassados (2008), Galvarino (2012), Ñuke una mirada íntima hacia la resistencia mapuche (2016) e Trewa Estado Nación o el Espectro de la Traición (2017-2019), a fim de ressaltar como o tema da violência política contra os mapuches, durante o período da ditadura militar chilena, é uma constante no fazer teatral desta companhia que, partindo de uma ferida familiar, atribui a ela uma dimensão comunitária de proporção nacional. Além de visibilizar as histórias reais de mapuches afetados, em distintas dimensões durante este período da história chilena, as dramaturgias estudadas dão conta de um trabalho de manutenção da memória coletiva e da reescritura da história oficial do Chile, com ênfase na resistência dos mapuches frente ao projeto de estado nação.
An Analysis the Factors of Student Interest in English Language SB Sentul Malaysia
Authors: Suwanda Bella Sukma , Maghfiroh Ana , Mustikawati Diyah , Shohenuddin Shohenuddin
Published: July 2024

One of the things that makes students learn English is interest. Interest in English makes students want to learn it. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that influence students' interest in English language. This study used a qualitative descriptive interview method where the research was conducted by interviewing students outside the classroom by taking as many as 5 respondents who were students at Sanggar Bimbingan Sentul, Malaysia. As a result, students are interested in learning English because they want to continue their higher education, because they are more comfortable communicating with friends who speak English, and because the school demands it, so it becomes a habit and results in interest.
Reach Historical Thinking Skills: Developing Learning Models
Authors: Mahardika Moch. Dimas Galuh
Published: July 2024

The development of historical thinking skills is a significant accomplishment in achieving history learning objectives, and it requires special attention. To enhance these skills, students must practice historical research methods, which can support their historical thinking abilities. Through RnD, this study aims to improve students' historical thinking skills by creating innovative learning models. The research results indicate that the implementation of the developed product had a positive impact. The t-test post test of multiple choice questions in both classes showed a sig (2-tailed) level of 0.000, and the post test of historical thinking skills also showed a sig (2-tailed) level of 0.000. Both gains were below 0.05, indicating an average post-test difference in multiple choice and historical thinking skills in both classes. Based on the t-test results, we can conclude that the product positively affected the experimental class's learning outcomes and historical thinking skills.
Cerita Anak Mamlakah Al-’Adl Karya Ismail Abdul Fatah: Analisis Struktural
Authors: Sholikhah Istatik Hidayatus , Huda Ibnu Samsul
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mendiskripsikan unsur-unsur intrinsik yang membangun cerita anak Mamlakah Al-’adl karya Ismail Abdul Fatah beserta keterkaitan antar unsurnya.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah kajian struktural. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) tema mayor dalam cerita ini adalah kebaikan yang membawa keberkahan, yang dapat melahirkan kebaikan-kebaikan yang lain, adapun tema minornya adalah tanggung jawab, kemiskinan, tolong menolong, keserakahan, dan keajaiban. (b) pada cerita ini menggunakan alur campuran. (c) tokoh utamanya adalah Mansur, sedangkan tokoh tambahannya adalah Syekh Mas’ud, Kahramanah, Murjanah, Bahiyyah, Bahlul, Induk Burung, dan Burung Yasmin. (d) latar tempatnya berada di gubuk, tepi sungai, pinggiran hutan, rumah Bahiyyah, hutan, tengah jalan, tempat kuno, dan Istana dengan berlatar waktu pada pagi hari, siang hari, sore hari, dan malam hari, serta berlatar sosial tentang tentang di suatu kerajaan yang dahulunya dipimpin oleh seorang raja yang adil, hingga suatu hari kerajaan tersebut menghilang karena perbuatan orang-orang jahat yang telah merebut kekuasaan kerajaan secara paksa (e) sudut pandangnya adalah orang ketiga. Pada unsur-unsur intrinsik dalam cerpen ini memiliki keterkaitan yang padu antara satu dengan yang lainnya dalam membangun cerita.
Penggunaan Flashcard untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Literasi pada Siswa Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Gultom Feronika Yulibertha , Mudiono Alif
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membahas efektivitas pendekatan menggunakan flashcard dalam meningkatkan keterampilan literasi siswa kelas 1 di SDN 3 Kotalama. Dengan meng­gunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang bagaimana pendekatan flashcard diterapkan dan dampaknya terhadap pembelajaran literasi siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui berbagai metode, termasuk observasi langsung untuk melihat interaksi lang­sung antara guru dan siswa, wawancara dengan guru untuk mendapatkan wawasan tentang implementasi pendekatan, dan analisis dokumen terkait kurikulum dan me­tode pengajaran untuk konteks yang lebih luas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan flashcard secara konsisten meningkatkan kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan pemahaman teks pada siswa kelas 1. Ditemukan juga bahwa pendekatan ini men­dorong motivasi belajar dan keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam proses pembel­ajaran. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya mempertimbangkan pendekatan yang ber­orientasi pada interaksi dan visualisasi seperti penggunaan flashcard dalam merancang strategi pembelajaran yang efektif. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah penting­nya memperkuat penggunaan metode interaktif dalam kurikulum pendidikan dasar. Guru dan penyusun kurikulum dapat mempertimbangkan integrasi flashcard dalam pembel­ajaran sehari-hari untuk meningkatkan keterampilan literasi siswa. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menekankan pentingnya dukungan terus-menerus terhadap pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang inovatif dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa.
Inovasi Media Lava Pijar dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Siswa Bustanul Athfal
Authors: Karimah Nikmatul , Mas’ula Siti
Published: July 2024

Inovasi pembelajaran bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran sains berupa lava pijar untuk meningkatkan literasi sains pada anak usia dini. Berdasarkan laporan PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) dari 80 negara di tahun 2018, indikator literasi sains Indonesia memiliki rata-rata 396 dari 457,6, skor tersebut menurun dari tes PISA 2015, saat itu memiliki rata-rata 403 dari 467,0. Dari data tersebut diperlukan adanya pembaharuan dalam hal pembelajaran di Indonesia, salah satunya dengan adanya inovasi media pembelajaran dikarenakan media memegang peranan penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Subjek penelitiannya adalah anak berusia 5-6 tahun dengan jumlah 48 anak.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode pengembangan Borg and Gall, dengan tahapan yang terdiri dari uji validasi, pengembangan media dan menguji keefektifan media dalam mencapai tujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi sains anak usia 5-6 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, media lava pijar memenuhi standarisasi, yaitu efektif, efisien dan berkualitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kelompok B1 mengalami peningkatan literasi sains sebesar 83,3 persen setelah adanya pembelajaran dengan media lava pijar, sedangkan kelompok B2 hanya mengalami peningkatan sebesar 20,8 persen setelah adanya pembelajaran tanpa media. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa media lava pijar sangat layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan literasi sains anak usia dini.
Pengembangan Komik Kisah Ki Hadjar Dewantara sebagai Edukasi Sejarah Berdirinya Sekolah Tamansiswa
Authors: Putra Suhanda Ade , Rohman Moch. Abdul , Prasetyo Abdul Rahman
Published: July 2024

Permasalahan yang terjadi karena Kurangnya media bahan ajar dan pembelajaran yang bersifat monoton pada mata pelajaran ketamansiswaan di sekolah SMA Tamansiswa kota Mojokerto yang menjadikan anak tidak aktif ataupun ketidak­tertarikan pada mata pelajaran keTamansiswaan di sekolah SMA Tamansiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media buku komik terhadap motivasi belajar ilmu sejarah kisah Ki Hadjar Dewantara dalam perjuangannya men­dirikan sekolah Tamansiswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif jenis penelitian angket. Model pene­litian menggunakan ADDIE yang memiliki tahapan Analysis (Analisis), Design (De­sain), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi), dan Evalua­tion (Evaluasi). Subyek Penelitian ini sebanyak 15 peserta didik. Teknik pengum­pulan data yang digunakan berupa uji pakar/validasi pakar, dan pengambilan ang­ket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk yang dihasilkan: (1) Media berupa buku komik tentang sejarah kisah Ki Hadjar Dewantara sebagai pendiri sekolah Taman­siswa di Indonesia. (2) Kevalidan media buku komik ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji ahli/uji pakar materi dan media. Pada uji pakar materi diperoleh skor 93,6 dengan kategori sangat baik dan uji pakar media diperoleh skor 89,13 dengan kategori sangat baik. Keefektifan media buku komik ditujukan dengan hasil angket respon siswa dengan skor 88,6 yang tergolong kategori sangat baik.
Perbedaan Budaya Keseharian Taiwan dan Indonesia
Authors: Muzakki Achmad , Pratama Gigih Caesar Wahyu , A. Muh Rezki Syahaf  , Muzaki Helmi
Published: July 2024

Kebudayaan merupakan kumpulan cara berpikir, perasaan, dan respons yang diwariskan dan disampaikan melalui simbol-simbol, serta mencerminkan karakteristik unik dari suatu masyarakat. Manifestasi kebudayaan terlihat dalam benda-benda kultural yang mengandung nilai-nilai dan ide-ide yang diwariskan secara historis. Budaya sangat erat hubungannya dengan sistem bahasa. Dalam konteks program Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) yang memiliki peserta dari berbagai negara, penting untuk mencapai keseimbangan antara pengajaran bahasa dan pengenalan budaya Indonesia. Memahami budaya Indonesia akan memberikan kenyamanan kepada peserta BIPA dalam proses belajar, serta mencegah mereka mengalami gegar budaya ketika berada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan dalam keseharian pemelajar asal Taiwan dan Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kualitatif, dengan pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya hidup pelajar Taiwan dan Indonesia sangat berbeda, terutama dalam budaya makan, minum, berinteraksi, dan berpakaian. Oleh karena itu, dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA), memahami perbedaan tersebut menjadi sangat penting guna membangun toleransi dalam hubungan lintas budaya.
A magas betegségaktivitás elméleti megközelítése és prognosztikai fontossága sclerosis multiplexben
Authors: Mátyás Klotild
Published: July 2024

A sclerosis multiplex (SM) a központi idegrendszer autoimmun gyulladásos, demyelinisatióval és neurodegenerációval járó betegsége. A betegség kezdetét jellemző gyulladásos jellegű immunfolyamatok mellett – melyek relapszusokat okoznak –, a betegség kezdetétől krónikus gyulladás is jelen van. A krónikus gyulladás által előidézett katabolikus folyamatok felelősek a betegség progresszióját okozó axonpusztulásért. A betegség aktivitása jól definiálható, fontos prognosztikai faktor, a betegségmódosító terápiák indikálásánál meghatározó szempont. A betegség diagnózisakor fontos megállapítani és a beteg gondozása során folyamatosan monitorozni kell a betegségaktivitást – ami lehet klinikai és radiológiai –, mert ennek alapján kell dönteni az aktuális kezelésről. A szakmai irányelv alapján észlelése esetén magasabb hatékonyságú terápia kezdése, vagy arra való váltás szükséges.
An update on approved and emerging drugs for the treatment of postpartum depression
Authors: Çulcu Elif Asena , Demiryürek Şeniz , Demiryürek Abdullah Tuncay
Published: July 2024

Depression, anxiety and psychotic disorders are common perinatal mental health disorders in the postpartum period. Depressive symptoms that occur postpartum are also present in the prenatal period in 50% of patients. Risk factors for the development of postpartum depression include poor relationship with the partner, lack of social support, mother’s low socioeconomic status and multiparity. It has been determined that reproductive hormones change significantly during peripartum. Progesterone is one of these hormones and acts on the central nervous system starting from the fetal period; neurogenesis, neuromodulation, sedation are some of these effects. It has also been observed that progesterone has positive effects on learning, memory and mood. Progesterone exerts its effects on the central nervous system by converting into its metabolite allopregnanolone. Allopregnanolone is one of the neuroactive steroids, and found in similar amounts in the circulation of pregnant women and fetuses. It acts on synaptic and extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors and is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. Allopregnanolone increases both the receptor’s opening frequency and its open duration and improves GABAergic current. Low serum allopregnanolone levels in the second trimester are predictive of postpartum depression. Each 1 ng/mL increase in serum allopregnanolone level reduces the risk of development of postpartum depression by 63%. Brexanolone and zuranolone are synthetic allopregnanolone preparations approved by the FDA for use in female patients with postpartum depression. They act via positive allosteric modulation on the GABAA receptor. Brexanolone is administered via intravenous infusion at varying infusion rates in a healthcare facility over 60 hours. Its effect starts immediately after treatment and continues until the 30th day of follow-up, and depressive mood does not recur. Zuranolone was developed for oral use, and administered as a single dose of 50 mg after a fatty meal. Their effectiveness has been demonstrated in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The development of other novel agents that act on the GABAA receptor and other pathways for the treatment of postpartum depression is in progress.
Non obstructive versus obstructive coronary artery disease documented by coronary angiography: prevalence, diagnostic features in a single center experience
Authors: Alftailah Hasanain Ali Malallah , Rufaish Ali K. N.
Published: July 2024

Background: Coronary angiography often detects NOCAD. Stable angina or MI patients may have NOCAD, defined as less than 50% luminal diameter decrease by visual assessment on coronary angiography. The study was to determine the frequency of non-obstructive coronary artery disease in Al Hussain cardiac centre patients who underwent CAG and the differences in clinical presentation and associated morbidity between the two groups.
Methods: Cross-sectional research was done at Karbala's al-Hussaini cardiac centre. CAG data from 167 IHD-like patients between January and May 2021. NOCAD 42 individuals (stenosis <50%) were compared to 125 obstructive CAD patients (≥50% stenosis).
Results: Between January and May 2021, 167 individuals received CAG for diagnostic, therapeutic, elective, or emergency purposes. The study included 113 (67.7%) men and 54 (32.3%) women. Patients had an average age of 56.52±11.09 years, with a median of 58 years. Overall, 25.1% (n=42) of research participants had NOCAD. The frequency of INOCA was 29.4% and MINOCA 19.1%. Patients with NOCAD were younger than those with obstructive CAD (p<0.05). no significant gender, co morbidity, or clinical differences across groups.
Conclusions: We believe this is the first report of prevalence, risk factors, and clinical aspects in karbalai patients' cardiac care centre in Iraq. NOCAD patients are younger and their medical history, clinical features, ECG, and serum troponin are difficult to distinguish from OCAD.
Oxidative stress and its correlation with glycated haemoglobin in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kaur Sukhraj
Published: July 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a heavy disease burden and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Oxidative stress leads to the generation of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, which results in an inflammatory state, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. We aimed to correlate the levels of Glycated Haemoglobin with Oxidative Stress.
Methods: This study included 200 subjects, 100 were type 2 diabetics and 100 healthy non-diabetic individuals. All the individuals were subjected to analysis of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Glycosylated Haemoglobin, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione, Catalase, Uric Acid and Ascorbic Acid.   The data thus generated was analyzed Statistically using the student ‘t’ test. ANOVA for comparison of mean in more than two groups. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to calculate the correlation between different parameters. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that as the Glycated Hb increased, the levels of FBS, MDA, Uric acid increased and Serum SOD, Glutathione, Catalase, and Ascorbic acid levels decreased this change was statistically significant (p<0.05). A positive significant correlation between HbA1c, and fasting blood Glucose, MDA, Uric Acid. SOD, Catalase, Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione showed a negative correlation with glycosylated Haemoglobin.
Conclusions: It is hereby concluded that when glycated Hb increases the natural antioxidants that are SOD, catalase, and glutathione decrease to combat the increased formation of ROS. Serum MDA, increased with increased glycated Hb and shows a positive correlation, indicating increasing lipid peroxidation.
A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan on the function of a multimodal perioperative management protocol in colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Verma Pradeep Kumar , Dadhich Yogendra , Khan Farukh , Singh Amit , Choudhary Kanhaiya Lal
Published: July 2024

Background: For colorectal surgery, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) group has conducted a thorough analysis of perioperative treatment. When combined, a series of operations known as colorectal resection result in a shorter duration of stay, fewer problems, and an early recovery of gut function. Until recently, it was considered typical to stay in the hospital for 10 to 14 days after a big bowel resection. This study aimed to study the effects of a multimodal perioperative care protocol in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan, India.
Methods: This was prospective randomized-controlled trial. Patients who are undergoing elective colorectal cancer surgery in tertiary care hospital (Sawai Man Singh hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan) in year 2016 -17.
Results: Hospital stays were 6.64±0.842 (median 6-9) and 8.25±1.52 (median 6-12) days (p=0.002) for 30 patients (n=14 in the multimodal group and 16 in the control group), respectively. Complication rates were 13.40% and 20.31% (p=0.019), 30-day readmission rates were 14.28% and 25% (p=0.029), and mortality rates were 7.14% and 12.5% in the multimodal and control groups.
Conclusions: Complications, readmission rates, and death were all considerably lower in the multimodal group compared to the control group following the implementation of the multimodal perioperative treatment protocol during the hospital stay for colorectal cancer.
A prospective study to assess clinicopathological correlation of head and neck masses
Authors: Sahni Dimple , Kaur Amandeep , Bansal Archu , Chawla Sagar , Bedi Neeru , Sahni Priya
Published: July 2024

Background: One of the most frequent clinical manifestations in the field of otorhinolaryngology is a mass in the head and neck area. A thorough history and good clinical examination including the findings of inspection and palpation are key factors for near accurate provisional diagnosis but histopathological is the gold standard for confirmation. FNAC is an easy, efficient, and affordable way to sample superficial neck masses.
Methods: The present research has been performed on 100 patients presenting with clinically palpable head and neck masses in the ENT OPD of Rajindra Hospital, Patiala for duration of 2 years (2021-2023). Clinical diagnosis was correlated with cytology and histopathology findings. The data was compiled and evaluated using adequate statistical tools.
Results: In this research, 100 cases of head and neck swellings were examined. Out of 100 swellings, 39 patients had lymph node swellings, 31 presented with thyroid swelling, 20 had salivary gland swelling and 10 were miscellaneous. In this study, most of the swellings found to be inflammatory in nature. Women were far more likely to be involved than men. Clinical and cytological diagnoses were made in all cases.
Conclusions: When compared to a biopsy, the procedure of fine needle aspiration cytology for head and neck swellings is not only less invasive but also more cost-effective, and causes far less pain. It is possible to execute the procedure successfully on elderly people and children without the need for anesthesia.
Assessment of knowledge and utilization of antenatal care services among tribal women of Palakkad district, Kerala: a cross-sectional study
Authors: V. P. Renu , Savatagi Shivanand B. , A. Nabil , A. Sonu Soman , P. K. Akshay
Published: July 2024

Background: Nearly 800 women die out of preventable causes associated with pregnancy and childbirth worldwide every day, with low and middle-income countries contributing approximately 90% of the mortality. The majority of pregnancy-related deaths are preventable with the provisioning of cost-effective services like antenatal care (ANC). Despite Kerala having a good human development index compared to other states in India, marginalized groups like Dalit, Adivasi, and fisher folks are still behind the development process, including the utilization of ANC services. This study assessed the knowledge and utilization of ANC services among tribals in Kerala, India. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 tribal women of Palakkad district, Kerala, who registered for ANC and delivered child. Convenient sampling was used to select study participants.  Descriptive statistics were used to obtain frequency and percentage.  The chi-square test was carried out to see the association between identified variables.
Results: Among 45 participants, 28.89% fell under the adequate ANC utilization. 64.46% did early ANC registration, 73.3% visited ANC more than four times, 75.56% completed the 2 tetanus toxoid (TT) injections, and 66.67% consumed more than 100 iron-folic acid tablets. About 73.3% of participants knew the importance of immunizing children against vaccine-preventable diseases.
Conclusions: Even in an egalitarian state like Kerala with high literacy, ANC service utilization among tribal communities is still below 70%. The issue is multifaceted and requires a more nuanced approach. The health system must adopt comprehensive, context-specific, and community-based approaches.
RECONSTRUCCIÓN TRIDIMENSIONAL A PARTIR DE CONTORNOS BIDI­MENSIONALES. PROTOTIPO DE LA HERRAMIENTA PINTCO VERSIÓN 1.0
Authors: Gil J. D. , Torres Y. , Plata A.
Published: July 2024

Las técnicas avanzadas de adquisición y procesamiento de señales y la capacidad de las nuevas herramientas para obtener imágenes bidimensionales de una estructura, proveen la información básica sobre los contornos que conforman la estructura. Esta información unida a los conceptos de representación y simulación de espacios tridimensionales condujo al desarrollo del prototipo PINTCO. Este sistema permite la reconstrucción tridimensional y la visualización de la estructura como lo mostramos en este trabajo. El usuario puede también efectuar características paramétricas de cortes bidimensionales específicos de la estructura tales como distancias entre puntos, áreas y perímetros de objetos, por ejemplo.
LISTA PRELIMINAR DE ESPECIES DE ANUROS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL GUAINÍA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Lynch John D. , Vargas Ramírez Mario A.
Published: July 2024

Herpetológicamente, el Guanía es el departamento menos conocido de Colombia; además, es de interés por su posición geográfica, entre los Llanos y los bosques del Amazonas. Adicionalmente, esta situado en el límite occidental de la región Guyana. Registramos 27 especies de ranas para el departamento (22 de ellas de los alrededores de la comunidad La Ceiba) y seguramente dos más también viven allá (hay registros de una localidad adyacente al Guainía). La fauna consiste en no menos que cuatro bufónidos, 11 hílidos, 11 leptodactílidos, dos microhílidos y un pípido. En esta contribución, reportamos cuatro especies de anuros para Colombia por primera vez: Aparasphenodon venezolanus (primer registro para el género en Colombia), Hyla ornatissma, Leptodactylus longirostris, y Osteocephalus oophagus.