bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Proof-of-Concept Evaluation of JTPc and Tp-Tec as Proarrhythmia Biomarkers in Preclinical Species: A Retrospective Analysis by an HESI-Sponsored Consortium
Authors: Boulay Emmanuel , Abernathy Matthew M. , Chui Ray , Friedrichs Gregory S. , Gendron-Parra Nicolas , Greiter-Wilke Andrea , Guillon Jean-Michel , Koerner John E. , Menard Ariane , Steidl-Nichols Jill , Pierson Jennifer , Pugsley Michael K. , Rossman Eric I. , Strauss David , Troncy Eric , Valentin Jean-Pierre , Wisialowski Todd , Authier Simon
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Based on the ICH S7B and E14 guidance documents, QT interval (QTc) is used as the primary in vivo biomarker to assess the risk of drug-induced torsades de pointes (TdP). Clinical and nonclinical data suggest that drugs that prolong the corrected QTc with balanced multiple ion channel inhibition (most importantly the l-type calcium, Cav1.2, and persistent or late inward sodium current, Nav1.5, in addition to human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene [hERG] IKr or Kv11.1) may have limited proarrhythmic liability. The heart rate-corrected J to T-peak (JTpc) measurement in particular may be considered to discriminate selective hERG blockers from multi-ion channel blockers.

Methods:

Telemetry data from Beagle dogs given dofetilide (0.3 mg/kg), sotalol (32 mg/kg), and verapamil (30 mg/kg) orally and Cynomolgus monkeys given medetomidine (0.4 mg/kg) orally were retrospectively analyzed for effects on QTca, JTpca, and T-peak to T-end covariate adjusted (Tpeca) interval using individual rate correction and super intervals (calculated from 0-6, 6-12, 12-18, and 18-24 hours postdose).

Results:

Dofetilide and cisapride (IKr or Kv11.1 blockers) were associated with significant increases in QTca and JTpca, while sotalol was associated with significant increases in QTca, JTpca, and Tpeca. Verapamil (a Kv11.1 and Cav1.2 blocker) resulted in a reduction in QTca and JTpca, however, and increased Tpeca. Medetomidine was associated with a reduction in Tpeca and increase in JTpca.

Discussion:

Results from this limited retrospective electrocardiogram analysis suggest that JTpca and Tpeca may discriminate selective IKr blockers and multichannel blockers and could be considered in the context of an integrated comprehensive proarrhythmic risk assessment.
Coagulation parameters in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment compared with healthy controls
Authors: Cui Yi , Heuser Katharina , Bauer Natali , Neiger Reto
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The aim of the study was to describe the coagulatory state of hyperthyroid cats before and after successful radioiodine therapy (RIT) compared with healthy age-matched controls, using classical coagulation parameters and thromboelastogram (TEG) as a global assessment method. The differences in coagulation activity after RIT, depending on the thyroid hormone (normal vs low total thyroxine [T4]) state, were also evaluated.

Methods

Fifteen hyperthyroid cats and 10 healthy age-matched controls were recruited. Hyperthyroid cats that remained hyperthyroid 14 days after RIT were excluded. Haematology, biochemistry, T4, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen and TEG were assessed in control cats and hyperthyroid cats before and 7 and 14 days after RIT. Two weeks after successful RIT, further comparisons were made between cats with normal T4 vs those with low T4.

Results

Fourteen days after successful RIT, 7/15 cats had normal T4 and 8/15 had low T4. Thrombocytosis was noted in 6/15 cats after treatment. Fibrinogen was significantly higher ( P <0.001) and PT shorter ( P <0.01) in the hyperthyroid cats compared with the healthy controls and these changes persisted after RIT. Persistent increases in fibrinogen, PT, TEG maximal amplitude and TEG clot rigidity, reflecting clot stability, after RIT primarily occurred in the cats with normal T4. TEG-K (time until preset amplitude of 20 mm is reached) and alpha (α) angle reflected impaired fibrin cross-linking ability prior to RIT, which significantly increased after therapy ( P <0.05).

Conclusions and relevance

Based on some of the coagulation parameters, cats with hyperthyroidism showed hypercoagulable tendencies, which were mildly increased after RIT, possibly due to transient radiation-induced thyroiditis.
International Political Economy of Labour and Gramsci’s methodology of the subaltern
Authors: Las Heras Jon
Published: December 2018

Gramscian International Political Economy scholarship has predominantly focused on studying capital’s power to subsume labour under different hegemonic projects. Various autonomist Marxists have recently sought to ‘voice labour’ by proposing a disruption-oriented International Political Economy. However, this article argues that such an approach mirrors domination-oriented International Political Economy approaches by overemphasising labour’s disruptive potentiality and by paying little attention to the historical limitations that labour faces in its own empowerment. To escape from the unilateralism of these two mutually exclusive perspectives, Gramsci’s ‘Methodology of the Subaltern’ is reviewed in order to propose a Gramscian or strategic International Political Economy of Labour. Hence, this article shows that it is possible for International Political Economy scholars to study uneven capitalist development as the result of the agency of (dis)organised labour and thereby to better account for the emancipatory potentiality of working-class strategies in specific contexts.
Polluting pharmaceutical atmospheres: Compulsion, resistance, and symbolism of buprenorphine in Norway
Authors: Bartoszko Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

This article offers a counter narrative to the current ethnographic studies on treatment with buprenorphine, in which notions of promised and experienced normality dominate. In some countries, introduction of buprenorphine led to a perceived “normalisation” of opioid substitution treatment, and this new modality was well received. However, in Norway the response has been almost the opposite: patients have reacted with feelings of disenfranchisement, failure, and mistrust. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Norway, this article offers comparative insight into local experiences and subjectivities in the context of the globalisation of buprenorphine. By outlining the ethnographic description of the pharmaceutical atmosphere of forced transfers to buprenorphine-naloxone, I show that the social history of the medication is as significant as its pharmacological qualities for various treatment effects. An analysis of the reactions to this treatment modality highlights the reciprocal shaping of lived experiences and institutional forces surrounding pharmaceutical use in general and opioids in particular.
Incidence of combined burns and major trauma in England and Wales
Authors: Battaloglu Emir , Iniguez Marisol Fragoso , Lecky Fiona , Porter Keith
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Within the United Kingdom’s major trauma networks, limited consideration is given to the management of concomitant burns and trauma injuries, prominently highlighted in the arrangement of specialist services for major trauma and burns care. The majority of the literature regarding this topic, based almost exclusively on North American studies, predicts between 5 and 7% of all patients admitted to burns centres will suffer from concomitant (non-thermal) trauma injuries, in addition to their burn injuries. The aim of this study is to understand the epidemiology and outcomes for patients sustaining burns and trauma injuries in England and Wales.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients sustaining concomitant burns and trauma injuries was made over a 71-month period from January 2010 to November 2016, using the national trauma registry for England and Wales, the Trauma Audit and Research Network database, identifying all patients with injury codes for burns and trauma (AIS >3). Data collected comprised patient demographic information, burn injury percentages, details of trauma injuries, details of hospital stay, and patient outcome. Comparison of information was made against the total burns and total trauma cohort to form a base standard for burns and trauma injuries, respectively.

Results

Over the period analysed, 188 patients were found to have concomitant burns and trauma injuries. The patients were stratified according to age and the percentage of total body surface area burned. Hospital length of stay for concomitant burns and trauma patients was found to be higher than that of patients with isolated burns injuries. Mortality rates, although low overall, were found to be relatively higher for patients with concomitant burns and trauma injuries.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the rarity of this combination of injury pattern, in particular the occurrence of severe burns in the presence of major trauma, in UK. Improvements in burns care and trauma care hopefully contributes to the higher level of survival in concomitantly injured patients against data from previous literature. However, the synergistic effect of burns and trauma injuries appears to impact on the course of such patients, although larger scale analysis is required to determine the true prognostic factors.
A comparative case study of Reserve Deputies in a Florida sheriff’s office and Special Constables in an English police force
Authors: Britton Iain , Wolf Ross , Callender Matthew
Published: December 2018

Volunteers operating as ‘sworn’ police personnel with full policing powers are a common feature of policing organizations in many countries, including Special Constables in the UK and Reserve and Auxiliary police officers and deputy sheriffs in many law enforcement agencies in the USA. There has been only limited research into the experience of serving as a volunteer in such policing roles in either the US or UK settings, together with very little comparative research into volunteer officer experience across different international settings. This article presents a small-scale, comparative qualitative case study based upon interviews with volunteers from a Reserve Unit in a sheriff’s office in Florida and with volunteer Special Constables from an English police force, exploring their perspectives and experiences of volunteering in their respective policing organizations. The research identifies key differences between the settings in respect of past experience and volunteer pathways, models of training and confidence of operational capability, development and management of roles, the opportunities to develop specialization for volunteers, and leadership. The article points to the value of comparative research in police voluntarism and calls for more research in this area.
Impact of counter-bore nozzle on the combustion process and exhaust emissions for light-duty diesel engine application
Authors: Payri Raul , De La Morena Joaquin , Monsalve-Serrano Javier , Pesce Francesco Concetto , Vassallo Alberto
Published: December 2018

This article describes the main results of an investigation about counter-bore injector nozzle impact on the combustion process in a modern Euro 6 diesel engine. First, hydraulic and spray visualization tests have been performed, showing a potential advantage of such nozzle design in fuel–air mixing efficiency. Then, combustion performance has been assessed on a GM-designed 1.6-L four-cylinder engine. The engine has been installed on a dynamometric test bench and instrumented with an AVL cylinder pressure transducer for heat release rate analysis, as well as HORIBA MEXA gas analyzer for exhaust emissions and AVL 415 Smoke Meter. Engine efficiency and emissions have been analyzed on four different part-load steady-state points, representative of New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle certification cycles, and covering engine speeds from 1250 to 2000 r/min and brake mean effective pressure between 0.2 and 1.4 MPa. Results of indicated analysis show that counter-bore nozzles have significant differences in terms of pilot injection combustion at low load points, which in turn lead to a better ignition and shorter combustion of the main injection. In addition, an improvement of diffusive combustion is observed as load increases. Because of both, fuel consumption is reduced by approximately 1% with respect to a standard nozzle. Finally, an appreciable decrease in engine exhaust emissions has been recorded, especially in terms of particulate matter and hydrocarbon emissions. This reduction has been linked to the improvement of fuel–air mixing promoted by the counter-bore nozzle previously observed.
The Pulsatile Gonadorelin Pump Induces Earlier Spermatogenesis Than Cyclical Gonadotropin Therapy in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Men
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Cai Ke , Wang Yu , Ji Wen , Cheng Zhen , Chen Guanming , Liao Zhihong
Published: December 2018

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of pulsatile gonadorelin pump (PGP) and cyclical gonadotropin (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]/human menopausal gonadotropin [HMG]) therapy (CGT) on spermatogenesis in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) men. Twenty-eight azoospermic CHH males were included in this nonrandomized study. Ten received PGP and 18 received CGT. The primary endpoint was the earliest time spermatogenesis occurred during 24 months of treatment. Spermatogenesis time was significant earlier in the PGP group than the CGT group (median of 6 and 14 months, respectively, χ2 = 6.711, p = .01). Spermatogenesis occurred in 90% of the PGP group and 83.3% of the CGT group and showed statistically insignificant difference in the superiority analysis and the no-inferior test. Contributing factors significant for spermatogenesis were previous HCG/or testosterone treatment and the peak serum luteinizing hormone level of triptorelin stimulation test at baseline. Although testis volume and penile length increased significantly from baseline, the differences between the two therapies were not significant. There was a tendency for high serum testosterone level, associated with more facial acne and breast tenderness in the CGT group. Skin allergic erythema scleroma was a common side effect of the PGP. In summary, PGP resulted in earlier spermatogenesis and more desirable testosterone levels than CGT.
Prophylactic Administration of Nanocurcumin Abates the Incidence of Liver Toxicity Induced by an Overdose of Copper Sulfate: Role of CYP4502E1, NF-κB and Bax Expressions
Authors: Alhusaini Ahlam , Hasan Iman H. , Aldowsari Nouf , Alsaadan Njood
Published: December 2018

Background:

The consequences of excess copper in human tissue are the alterations in the oxidative stress markers and peroxidative damage of membrane lipids. Unselective copper binding may be the clue to damaging impact to protein construction and hence modifying their biological functions. The aim of this study is to match the hepatoprotective efficacy of curcumin (CM) or nanocurcumin (NCM) with that of desferrioxamine (DSF; standard heavy metal chelator) against toxic doses of copper sulphate (CuSO4).

Method:

All treatments were given simultaneously with CuSO4 for 7 days.

Result:

CuSO4 administration elevated serum alanine transaminase, and hepatic nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxide, and caspase-3 as well as protein expression of cytochrome P4502E1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Bax gene expressions. On the other hand, hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10 were decreased, whereas DNA degradation was increased as well compared with the control group. The administration of the aforementioned antioxidants ameliorated all the previous altered measured parameters. Interestingly, NCM achieved the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect nearly equivalent to that of DSF.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that NCM is considered a promising candidate against CuSO4 toxicity, and cytochrome P450, NF-κB, and Bax are involved in its toxicity and treatment.
Design and research on the function of lithium-ion batteries emergency traction system for rail vehicles
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Sun Xudong , Zhou Qiaolian , Jiang Xinhua , Hu Donghai , He Ren
Published: December 2018

Urban rail vehicle power supply short interruptions or prolonged paralysis situation sometimes occurs, which will cause the entire line outage. If the train through the battery to achieve emergency traction, it will be able to effectively solve the problem of train interval stop due to external power supply reasons. This article proposes an emergency traction system, using lithium-ion batteries as traction power, carrying out the design and research on the function of lithium-ion emergency traction system for rail transit vehicles. Through the design of the power supply system, the design of the emergency traction power supply, the design of the conversion control and safety protection circuit, the design of the traction system, and the design of the auxiliary system, the train can be run to the next station under the emergency power supply, and the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by simulation. Moreover, the transformation on the basis of the existing Shanghai 952 train illustrates the feasibility of the existing train to achieve the emergency traction function and provides guarantee for the safe operation of the train.
Pattern recognition of rigid hoist guides based on support vector machine
Authors: Ma Yansong , Yao Jiannan , Ma Chi , Xiao Xingming
Published: December 2018

In order to evaluate the serviceable condition of rigid hoist guides and recognize their status patterns, vibration and angle signals were collected from an test-rig which can simulate different sorts of defects. Characteristic parameters by which status patterns can be judged were selected and designed. Multi-classifier based on support vector machine was applied during recognition. The collected samples were divided into two parts which were used as training data and testing data, respectively. The numerical result verified the validity of support vector machine multi-classifier on pattern recognition of rigid hoist guides.
Real-time sonoelastography evaluation of the Achilles tendon following ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injection and eccentric exercise for the treatment of refractory Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Ooi Chin Chin , Schneider Michal , Malliaras Peter , Png Meng Ai , Chadwick Martine , Jones Donna , Venkatanarasimha Nanda , Connell David
Published: December 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using sonoelastography to depict Achilles tendon stiffness after platelet-rich plasma injection and eccentric exercise for chronic Achilles tendinopathy, and to correlate sonoelastography findings with clinical outcome up to 12 months after treatment. Forty-five Achilles tendons from 45 patients (33 males, 12 females; mean age 51 years) were examined using sonoelastography and ultrasound at baseline, 4–6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post-treatment. The strain ratio (between Achilles tendon and Kager's fat) during sonoelastography was obtained. The proportion of tendons with hypoechogenicity and neovascularity were documented. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire and correlated with sonographic findings. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles improved significantly from 38.4 (±14.1) at baseline, 77.2 (±12.5) at 6 months ( p < 0.001) to 81.2 (±10.8) at 12 months ( p < 0.001). The strain ratio values were 2.16 (±1.02) at baseline, 2.03 (±0.67) at 4–6 weeks, 1.81 (±0.62) at 6 months and 1.19 (±0.34) at 12 months with a significant reduction observed at 6 months (p = 0.006) and 12 months ( p < 0.001). At 12-month evaluation, none of the tendons regained a normal echotexture. Strain ratio demonstrated a moderately good inverse correlation with Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (r = −0.610, p<0.001) while B-mode and Doppler ultrasound did not show a significant correlation (r = −0.041, p = 0.817, and r = −0.116, p = 0.514). Achilles tendon stiffness shows moderately good correlation with clinical symptom at 12-month post-treatment. Sonoelastography using strain ratio could be a promising ancillary tool for monitoring Achilles tendon healing after treatment.
The Perpetual Diamond: Contrast Reversals Along Thin Edges Create the Appearance of Motion in Objects
Authors: Flynn Oliver J. , Shapiro Arthur G.
Published: December 2018

The Perpetual Diamond produces motion continuously and unambiguously in one direction despite never physically changing location. The phenomenon consists of a steady, mid-luminance diamond bordered by four thin edge strips and a surrounding background field. The direction of motion is determined by the relative phases of the luminance modulation between the edge strips and the background. Because the motion is generated entirely by changing contrast signals between the edge strips and background, the stimulus is a valuable tool for tests of spatial contrast, temporal contrast, contrast gain, and color contrast. We demonstrate that observers see motion even when the edge strips subtend only seconds of arc on the retina (which is less than the frequently reported 10 minutes of arc) and that perceived motion is due entirely to changes in the difference in contrast phase modulation, independent from the luminance phase.
Treatment of chronic bilateral facet dislocation in a 6-year-old: A case report
Authors: Alassaf Nabil , Attia Walid
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

Spine injuries seldom affect the subaxial spine in children less than 9 years of age. We describe the management of a chronic paediatric bilateral facet dislocation.

Methods:

Case report and literature review. A 6-year-old boy presented 10 weeks after a motor vehicle collision with bilateral C4–C5 malunited facet dislocation. He had an incomplete spinal cord injury; right brown sequard hemiplegia, Frankel grade D.

Results:

Surgical management was through posterior–anterior–posterior approach without preoperative skull traction. Two years postoperatively, the child was asymptomatic, ambulating and functioning well. The injury had healed in radiographs.

Conclusion:

A combined approach for chronic bilateral facet dislocation applies to the paediatric age group to realign the spine.
A case of autoimmune myositis after treatment with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aouad Patrick , Yiannikas Con , Fernando Suran L , Parratt John
Published: December 2018

Alemtuzumab is a high-efficacy disease-modifying therapy for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and is associated with secondary autoimmune adverse events. We report a novel case of secondary autoimmune myositis that occurred seven months after the initial treatment cycle and achieved full recovery with oral corticosteroids. This particular form of myositis appears to be unique, and is likely to be a distinct entity from the other four types of immune-mediated myositis.
In-Play Betting, Sport Broadcasts, and Gambling Severity: A Survey Study of Spanish Sports Bettors on the Risks of Betting on Sport While Watching It
Authors: Lopez-Gonzalez Hibai , Griffiths Mark D. , Estévez Ana
Published: December 2018

Fans watching live sport events, both mediated or in stadia, have witnessed an increase in sports betting products. Most of these products feature in-play betting, that is, the ability to bet on a game once it has started while watching it. In-play betting has raised many concerns among responsible gambling advocates due to its perceived relationship with problem gambling behaviour. This study explored the association between in-play betting and problem gambling. More specifically, the study examined how motives for consuming sport and how involved sports fans were in watching sport affected their gambling. Also, adjacent risk behaviours to in-play betting (such as consuming junk food and alcohol) during live sports betting were examined. Using a survey comprising 659 sports bettors from Spain, the study found that compared to participants not engaging in in-play betting, in-play bettors reported higher (i) problem gambling severity, (ii) sport watching involvement, (iii) consumption of sport to escape from everyday preoccupations, and (iv) consumption of junk food and/or alcohol while watching sport. These findings make the case that in-play betting regulators and providers should be cognizant of the interplay of sport-specific, media-related, and other risks, involved in the act of in-play betting while watching live sport.
Are the Features of Emerging Adulthood Developmentally Distinctive? A Comparison of Ages 18–60 in the United States
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen , Mitra Deeya
Published: December 2018

A large national sample of adults ages 18–60 was surveyed on features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood, including identity explorations, self-focus, feeling in-between, instability, and possibilities/optimism. Additional items were included on feeling that this time of life is a time of freedom and a time that is fun and exciting and on feelings of anxiety and depression. Emerging adults (ages 18–25) were more likely to endorse nearly all the items proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood, yet a surprisingly high proportion of adults in the older age groups (26–29, 30–39, and 40–60) also agreed that the items apply to their current time of life. Thus, the results indicate that the features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood are more likely to be found among 18- to 25-year-olds than among people in older age groups, but they may not be as distinctive to emerging adulthood as the theory predicted.
Prenatal Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Fetal Cortisol Exposure Predicts Child ASD Symptoms
Authors: Ram Sheena , Howland Mariann A. , Sandman Curt A. , Davis Elysia Poggi , Glynn Laura M.
Published: December 2018

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, complex, and likely involves interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. With respect to environmental influences, a growing literature implicates intrauterine experiences in the origin of this pervasive developmental disorder. In this prospective longitudinal study, we examined the hypothesis that fetal exposure to maternal cortisol may confer ASD risk. In addition, because ASD is four times more prevalent in males than in females, and because sexually dimorphic responses to intrauterine experiences are commonly observed, we examined whether or not any associations differ by fetal sex. Maternal plasma cortisol was measured at 15, 19, 25, 31, and 37 weeks’ gestation in a sample of 84 pregnant women. ASD symptoms were assessed in their 5-year-old children with the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Fetal exposure to lower levels of maternal cortisol was associated with higher levels of ASD symptoms only among boys. The observed hypocortisolemic profile exhibited by these mothers may indicate a risk factor that precedes the stress of caregiving for a child with ASD and may not be solely a consequence of the stress of caregiving, as previously thought. These findings confirm the value of examining prenatal hormone exposures as predictors of ASD risk and support the premise that altered prenatal steroid exposures may play a role in the etiology of ASD.
An Unusual Case of Tertiary Syphilis Behaving Like Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Solis Roberto N. , Kuhn Brooks T. , Farwell D. Gregory
Published: December 2018

Syphilis may present with a myriad of oral manifestations in the primary, secondary, and tertiary stages, and may be confused with malignancy. Despite a rise in the incidence of syphilis, tertiary syphilis is exceedingly rare. Tertiary syphilis gummas usually affect the hard palate, while tongue involvement is very rare. A 55-year-old male with extensive smoking and alcohol use was referred for malignancy evaluation with an ulcerative mass creating a tongue cleft, and a positron emission tomography scan suggestive for malignancy. Biopsy results demonstrated no carcinoma but histology demonstrated granulomatous inflammation. Further laboratory results demonstrated elevated rapid plasma reagin titers with Treponema pallidum immunoglobulin G antibodies present. The patient was diagnosed with tertiary syphilis, received appropriate antibiotic therapy, and had healing of the tongue with a persistent cleft. Syphilis may mimic many disease processes. As such, it is important to include this disease in the differential of an unusual tongue lesion. An oral lesion may be the first sign of infection.
Cancer drugs and the glomerulus
Authors: Shah Hitesh H , Uppal Nupur N , Perazella Mark A
Published: December 2018

Several chemotherapeutics including novel immunotherapies and targeted therapies have recently been approved for the treatment of various cancers. Several nephrotoxicities secondary to treatment with chemotherapeutics have been described in patients with cancer. Acute kidney injury from acute tubular necrosis and acute interstitial nephritis is commonly reported nephrotoxicities following treatment with cancer drugs. Although less common, several glomerular lesions include minimal change disease, collapsing and non-collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis secondary to chemotherapy-related podocyte injury have been reported in the literature. In addition to conventional chemotherapeutics, several novel cancer drugs including immune point check inhibitors, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have also been associated with various glomerular lesions. While the occurrence of glomerular toxicities related to cancer drugs is less common than tubular injury, failure to recognize these associations may lead to poor renal outcome. In this article, we review several chemotherapy-related glomerular diseases including thrombotic microangiopathy.
Intra- and Interobserver Reliability and Variability of Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm Measurements Between Pre- and Postprocessed B-mode Sonographic Images
Authors: Kaifi Reham , Price Lauren , Chen Andrew , Sarani Babak , Zderic Vesna
Published: December 2018

The objective was to enhance the contrast and segment the femoral artery pseudoaneurysm (FAP) area from patients’ ultrasonography (US) images. In addition, this study compared the intra- and interobserver reliability and variability of the FAP measurements from the original, contrast-enhanced, and segmented US. Retrospectively, 25 FAP sonograms were evaluated by four observers (two trained and two novice). They twice measured the FAP body width, neck width, and length from original, enhanced, and segmented US. The intra- and interobserver reliability for measuring FAP body width, neck width, and neck length improved by 10% after enhancing the original 2D US contrast and segmenting the region of interest across all observers. Also, the intra- and interobserver variability among measurements across all observers decreased by 44%. Using US processing was more profound for novice observers (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.76–0.93) compared to trained observers (ICC, 0.94–0.99). US postprocessing resulted in a decrease in variability for FAP measurements.
Total mesorectal excision with or without preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable mid/low rectal cancer: a long‐term analysis of a prospective, single‐center, randomized trial
Authors: Wang Fulong , Fan Wenhua , Peng Jianhong , Lu Zhenhai , Pan Zhizhong , Li Liren , Gao Yuanhong , Li Hui , Chen Gong , Wu Xiaojun , Ding Peirong , Zeng Zhifan , Wan Desen
Published: December 2018

Background

The preliminary results of our phase II randomized trial reported comparable functional sphincter preservation rates and short‐term survival outcomes between patients undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). We now report the long‐term results after a median follow‐up of 71 months.

Methods

Between March 23, 2008 and August 2, 2012, 192 patients with T3‐T4 or node‐positive, resectable, mid/low rectal adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive TME with or without preoperative CCRT. The following endpoints were assessed: cumulative rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

The data of 184 eligible patients were analyzed: 94 patients in the TME group and 90 patients in the CCRT + TME group. In the whole cohort, the 5‐year DFS and OS rates were 84.8% and 85.1%, respectively. The 5‐year DFS rates were 85.2% in the CCRT + TME group and 84.3% in the TME group (P = 0.969), and the 5‐year OS rates were 83.5% in the CCRT + TME group and 86.5% in the TME group (P = 0.719). The 5‐year cumulative rates of local recurrence were 6.3% and 5.0% (P = 0.681), and the 5‐year cumulative rates of distant metastasis were 15.0% and 15.7% (P = 0.881) in the CCRT + TME and TME groups, respectively. No significant improvements in 5‐year DFS and OS were observed with CCRT by subgroup analyses.

Conclusions

Both treatment strategies yielded similar long‐term outcomes. A selective policy towards preoperative CCRT is thus recommended for rectal cancer patients if high‐quality TME surgery and enhanced chemotherapy can be performed.

Trial registration ChiCTR‐TRC‐08000122. Registered 16 July 2008
A population-based study of the frequency and predictors of induced abortion among women with schizophrenia
Authors: Brown Hilary K. , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Kurdyak Paul , Vigod Simone N.
Published: December 2018

Background

Induced abortion is an indicator of access to, and quality of reproductive healthcare, but rates are relatively unknown in women with schizophrenia.

Aims

We examined whether women with schizophrenia experience increased induced abortion compared with those without schizophrenia, and identified factors associated with induced abortion risk.

Method

In a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study (2011–2013), we compared women with and without schizophrenia in Ontario, Canada on rates of induced abortions per 1000 women and per 1000 live births. We then followed a longitudinal cohort of women with schizophrenia aged 15–44 years (n= 11 149) from 2011, using modified Poisson regression to identify risk factors for induced abortion.

Results

Women with schizophrenia had higher abortion rates than those without schizophrenia in all years (15.5–17.5v.12.8–13.6 per 1000 women; largest rate ratio, 1.33; 95% CI 1.16–1.54). They also had higher abortion ratios (592–736v.321–341 per 1000 live births; largest rate ratio, 2.25; 95% CI 1.96–2.59). Younger age (<25 years; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 1.84; 95% CI 1.39–2.44), multiparity (aRR 2.17, 95% CI 1.66–2.83), comorbid non-psychotic mental illness (aRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.34–3.46) and substance misuse disorders (aRR 1.85, 95% CI 1.47–2.34) were associated with increased abortion risk.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate vulnerability related to reproductive healthcare for women with schizophrenia. Evidence-based interventions to support optimal sexual health, particularly in young women, those with psychiatric and addiction comorbidity, and women who have already had a child, are warranted.
The Transcriptional Signature of a Runner’s High
Authors: HICKS STEVEN D. , JACOB PAIGE , PEREZ OMAR , BAFFUTO MATTHEW , GAGNON ZOFIA , MIDDLETON FRANK A.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Endorphins, endocannabinoids, monoamines, and neurotrophins have all been implicated in the euphoric response to endurance running, known as a runner’s high (RH). The epitranscriptional mechanisms regulating this effect have not been defined. Here, we investigate peripheral micro–ribonucleic acid (miRNA) changes unique to athletes experiencing postrun euphoria, yielding insights into gene networks that control an RH.

Methods

A cohort study involving 25 collegiate runners (48% females, age = 20 ± 1 yr) examined salivary RNA levels before and after a long-distance run. Participants were divided into RH and nonrunner’s high (NRH) groups based on surveys of four criteria (mood, lost sense of time, run quality, and euphoria). Physiological measures were also recorded (temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, and salivary serotonin). Levels of miRNAs and their messenger RNA targets were compared across pre- and postrun samples from RH and NRH groups with two-way ANOVA. Representation of opioid, gamma-aminobutyic acid (GABA), endocannabinoid, neurotrophin, serotonergic, and dopaminergic pathways was assessed in DIANA miRPath. Pearson’s correlation analyses examined relationships between miRNAs and RH indices.

Results

RH participants (n = 13) demonstrated postrun mydriasis (P = 0.046) and hypothermia (P = 0.043) relative to NRH participants (n = 12) but had no difference in serotonin dynamics (P = 0.88). Six miRNAs (miR-194-5p, miR-4676-3p, miR-4254, miR-4425, miR-1273-3p, miR-6743-5p) exhibited significant effects (false discovery rate P value < 0.05) across pre- or postrun and RH/NRH groups. These miRNAs displayed target enrichment for opioid (P = 2.74E−06) and GABA (P = 0.00016) pathways. miR-1237-3p levels were related with lost sense of time (R = 0.40). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK11), an endocannabinoid target of miR-1273-3p, was nominally elevated in RH participants (false discovery rate P value = 0.11).

Conclusions

Unique dynamics in miRNA concentration occur in athletes with subjective/objective evidence of RH, targeting genes implicated endorphin, endocannabinoid, and GABAergic signaling.
Oscillations and Spike Entrainment
Authors: Wilson Charles J. , Higgs Matthew H. , Simmons DeNard V. , Morales Juan C.
Published: December 2018

Oscillatory input to networks, as indicated by field potentials, must entrain neuronal firing to be a causal agent in brain activity. Even when the oscillatory input is prominent, entrainment of firing is not a foregone conclusion but depends on the intrinsic dynamics of the postsynaptic neurons, including cell type-specific resonances, and background firing rates. Within any local network of neurons, only a subset of neurons may have their firing entrained by an oscillating synaptic input, and oscillations of different frequency may engage separate subsets of neurons.
Human activities and persistent coral reef degradation in Gaspar Strait, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Singgih Afifa , Syari Indra Ambalika , Akbar Helmy , Suyatna Iwan , Setiamarga Davin H. E.
Published: December 2018

Background: The aim of the study was to describe the coral reef condition in Bangka Belitung Islands, particularly from Gaspar Strait. This research location is well known for its underwater archaeological discovery and shipwreck sites. Recent increases in mining, fishing and tourism activities in the surrounding islands might have affected the condition of the coral reef.

Methods: Nine islands inside the strait were visited (i.e. Langer, Kembung, Piling, Aur, Salma, Pongok, Celagen, Kelapan, and Lepar Island), and a line transect was used to observed coral reef conditions.

Results: Coral cover was found to be predominantly in fair conditions (25-50%). Coral mortality index also tended to be high, which indicated that the coral reef ecosystem was in threatened conditions. Previous and recent reports also reported the same condition as found by this study.

Conclusion: Degradation of the coral community in Bangka Belitung Islands is likely caused by human activities. This suggests that increasing human activities significantly affects the coral reef condition. Protection of coral reefs with sustainable management for mining activity, tourism and fishing practices are needed.
Spectral and photometric characteristics of mid-latitude auroras during the magnetic storm of March 17, 2015
Authors: Михалев Александр , Mikhalev Aleksandr , Белецкий Александр , Beletsky Aleksandr , Васильев Роман , Vasilyev Roman , Жеребцов Гелий , Zherebtsov Geliy , Подлесный Степан , Podlesny Stepan , Тащилин Михаил , Tashchilin Mikhail , Артамонов Максим , Artamonov Maksim
Published: December 2018

We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of mid-latitude aurora from observations in the south of Eastern Siberia during St. Patrick’s severe geomagnetic storm on March 17, 2015. We perform a morphological analysis of characteristics of the observed auroras. A preliminary conclusion is drawn that the analyzed event is the result of the manifestation of mid-latitude auroras of two types (type “d” and SAR arc) and ordinary aurora observed at the northern horizon. The maximum intensity of the dominant emission [OI] at 630.0 nm (~14 kR) allows this mid-latitude aurora to be attributed to the extreme auroras occurring in mid-latitudes, which is second only to the November 20, 2003 superstorm (~19 kR).
Comparing the main oscillation characteristics in the solar chromosphere and magnetosphere based on studies made in ISTP SB RAS
Authors: Челпанов Максим , Chelpanov Maksim , Челпанов Андрей , Chelpanov Andrey , Кобанов Николай , Kobanov Nikolay , Сотникова Раиса , Sotnikova Raisa
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper is to structure and extend the knowledge of solar chromospheric sources of oscillations in the solar wind and their relationships with pulsations registered in the magnetosphere. We compare the oscillation spectra that we observe using instruments of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics in different chromospheric structures with those observed in the solar wind and magnetosphere. We explore the possibility that the observed periodic variations of the chromospheric line widths can be interpreted as torsional Alfvén wave manifestation—this mode can propagate long distances without dissipating in the interplanetary space; it can penetrate into Earth’s magnetosphere directly or due to processes occurring at the plasmapause. We emphasize the similarities in the oscillation characteristics observed in different media, the similarities in the parameters of the media themselves and the processes developing in them. We believe that similar approaches can be applied to studying these media.
Generation of infrasonic signals during earthquakes under Lake Hovsgool (Northern Mongolia) on December 5, 2014
Authors: Сорокин Александр , Sorokin Aleksandr , Ключевский Анатолий , Klyuchevskii Anatoliy , Демьянович Владимир , Demyanovich Vladimir
Published: December 2018

The paper discusses the results of the detection of seismic and infrasonic waves generated by a major earthquake and its aftershock (the moment magnitude MW=4.9 and MW=4.2 respectively), which occurred in northern Mongolia under Lake Hovsgool on December 5, 2014. The joint analysis of waveforms of seismic and infrasonic oscillations has shown that the signal recorded by the infrasound station of the Geophysical Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS (ISTP SB RAS) is formed from sources of three generation types: local, secondary, and epicentral. This analysis enables us to propose a hypothesis of generation of epicentral infrasonic signal by flexural waves in an elastic ice membrane on the surface of Lake Hovsgool, which appear during the passage of seismic wave packets. This hypothesis explains the similarity between seismic and epicentral infrasonic signals, negative initial phase of epicentral infrasonic waves, and detection of a weak signal after a small-magnitude aftershock.
Excellence in palliative and end-of-life care provision for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Tuffrey-Wijne Irene , Davidson Jason
Published: December 2018

Background:

People with an intellectual disability experience significant inequalities in end-of-life and palliative care provision.

Aims:

To identify the key characteristics of practice initiatives and case reports that have won a UK award for the outstanding provision of end-of-life care for people with ID (2008–2018).

Methods:

Thematic content analysis of the written nominations for award winners and those highly commended (n=25).

Findings:

Four themes were identified: (1) Good practice was dependent on ‘champions’ with drive, enthusiasm and determination, supported by committed organisations and managers. (2) Collaboration was essential, including collaboration with families. (3) Care was highly individualised, putting the person's story at the centre. (4) There was a focus on staff training and use of specifically designed or adapted tools.

Conclusion:

The good practice examples are encouraging. Focus is now needed on ensuring that good practice is sustained, replicated and embedded within policies and organisational cultures. Currently, it remains over-dependent on committed individuals within organisations.
A cultura como pertença – da nação à casa comum europeia?
Authors: Pereira Conceição Meireles
Published: December 2018

Este texto começa por propor uma reflexão sobre a cultura como forma de unidade daEuropa nos últimos três séculos, não obstante o surgimento do fenómeno do nacionalismocultural, e as cogitações dos intelectuais a propósito da “cultura europeia”. Esta questãotem sido valorizada no quadro da União Europeia, que simultaneamente visa promover assingularidades identitárias nacionais, numa equação complexa que pretende compatibilizara diversidade na unidade. Colocam-se, pois, ao presente, desafios que vão da demandada “alma europeia” ao fomento do diálogo intercultural, assentes na convicção de que acultura constitui um fator de comunhão indispensável à “casa europeia”.
Práticas da justiça eclesiástica em Pernambuco no século XVIII
Authors: Santos Gustavo Augusto Mendonça dos
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo visa esclarecer algumas facetas da atuação da justiça eclesiástica no bispado de Pernambuco no século XVIII. O seu foco principal é a vida e carreira do vigário geral de Olinda, Dr. Manuel Garcia Velho do Amaral, o qual teve longa atuação na justiça eclesiástica. O seu percurso como juiz eclesiástico possibilita observar quem eram os principais agentes dessa justiça, com que meios agiam sobre a sociedade, como se dava a interação com outros órgãos da hierarquia eclesiástica e qual o perfil social dos seus agentes.
Nurses’ and doctors’ perception of triage system in a Spanish Clinical University Hospital Emergency Department
Authors: Mesías-Fernández Marcos , Rodríguez-González Raquel
Published: December 2018

Objective: in most of the Emergency Services of Spain, triage is carried out by nurses. The objective of this study was to know the level of satisfaction in nursing and medical staff on the dynamics of the Emergency Department (ED), determined by the current triage system in their workplace, carried out since 2012 exclusively by nurses, as well as the opinion on the level of knowledge of triage of both nurses and medical staff and their perception of the quality of their specific training on triage. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study by ad hoc questionnaire to nurses and doctors of the ED of a University Clinical Hospital. Results: the global participation was 71.9% (n = 82, 82.3% nurses and 60% doctors). Regarding the dynamics of the ED determined by the current triage system, 45.1% of the staff is moderately satisfied. Regarding the perception of knowledge about triage, 78% of the total thinks that both the training of the nurses and doctors is between enough and good. 75.9% of the nursing staff has received a course on triage, compared to 70.8% of the doctors who have not received it. Both groups say that the collaboration between the two would be the ideal way to carry out the work of triage. Conclusions: after the implementation of the current system, both nurses and doctors are moderately satisfied with the dynamics of the ED, believe that the knowledge of both groups on triage is acceptable and claim that the best way to do it is through collaboration between both professionals.