bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIVARENT EQUILIBRIUM IN MULTI-COMPONENT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Tajik State Pedagogical University named after S. Aini, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Soliev L. , Jumaev M.T. ,   Tajik State Pedagogical University named after S. Aini, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Published: December 2021

The structure of the phase complex of the six-component reciprocal system Na, K, Mg, Ca || SO4, Cl-H2O at 500C in the region of crystallization of anhydrite (CaSO4) was studied by the translation method, and variants of the formation of divariant fields during the transition of the system from the five-component to the six-component state were shown
COVID-19–Induced Global Food Insecurity: A Hidden Syndemic
Authors:   Saline High School, Dean Ella
Published: December 2021

After being declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020, COVID-19 became the nucleus of our world. News outlets relentlessly produce daily reminders of the rise in cases and mortality worldwide, littering headlines with the word “death.” Even in the past months, death continues to be a major focus concerning the pandemic.
MEMBUDAYAKAN LITERASI DIGITAL PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI DESA KALIJAGA KECAMATAN AIKMEL LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Alwan Muhammad , Sunarya Herawati Nita , Zarkasi Taqiudin
Published: December 2021

The emergence of covid-19 has a significant impact on the world of education, especially in the teaching and learning process. The government through the Minister of Education appealed for the implementation of the teaching and learning process to be carried out with Online learning. Based on the appeal, SDN 2 Kalijaga until now is still carried out learning activities through online, Then teaching and learning activities are carried out with digital devices such as smartphones and laptops. However, based on observations on the ground digital devices such as smartphones are not used wisely, smartphones are used for online games and tiktok. This is due to students' lack of digital literacy about utilization, use, and impact. Therefore, devotional activities focused on cultivating digital literacy in elementary school children in Kalijaga village with socialization and mentoring methods to students of SDN 2 Kalijaga. The results of the devotion showed that the role of teachers and parents is very important to direct and control the use of smartphones. Furthermore, students' understanding and skills in finding useful content for lessons in school are seen to increase after socialization and mentoring.
Kitap İncelemesi: "İletişim ve Medya Bağlamında Çevirmen Başvuru Kitabı"
Authors: YAMAN İsmail
Published: December 2021

Çeviri yüzyıllardır önemli bir iletişim aracı olagelmiştir. Yazılı, sözlü ve işaret dili ana başlıkları altında birçok farklı türü ve boyutu olan çeviri işlemi sonuçları itibariyle ciddiyetle ve titizlikle ele alınması gereken bir konudur. Bu çerçevede, Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı eşgüdümünde kamuda çeviri süreçlerini belirli bir standarda oturtmak amacıyla hazırlanan açık erişimli Kamu Terim Bankası ve Kamu Kurumları Sözlüğü çalışmalarına tamamlayıcı çerçeve olarak yayınlanan İletişim ve Medya Bağlamında Çevirmen Başvuru Kitabı tüm çeviri süreçlerine rehberlik etmeyi amaçlayan bir başucu kitabı olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Çeviride Temel Konular, İletişim ve Medya, ve Çeviri ve Teknoloji olmak üzere üç ana bölümden oluşan 282 sayfalık bu eserin yazar ekibi farklı üniversitelerden çeviribilim alanında yetkin akademisyenlerden oluşmaktadır.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ROBOT WAITER USAGE DESIRE ON WORD OF MOUTH COMMUNICATION AND ROBOT WAITER USAGE ATTITUDE IN RESTAURANTS
Authors: AYDIN İbrahim
Published: December 2021

Robots, which are a reflection of technological developments, are used instead of human waiters for a more effective and efficient workforce and less service failure. This study aims to investigate the effect of robot waiter usage desire on word of mouth (WOM) communication and robot waiter usage attitude of customers in restaurants. In the study, the direct effect of robot waiter usage attitude on WOM and the indirect effect of robot waiter usage desire (through robot waiter usage attitude) on WOM were also investigated. The sample of the study consists of 316 people living in Turkey. The sample of the study was reached by an online survey and snowball sampling method. Structural equation modeling was used in the analysis of the obtained data. According to the results obtained from the study, the desire to use the robot waiter has a direct positive effect on the attitude of using the robot waiter and WOM. In addition, the desire to use attitude robot waiter has an indirect and positive effect on WOM (through the use of robot waiters). It has also been concluded that the use of robot waiters has a direct positive effect on WOM. The fact that the desire to use the robot waiter has a positive effect on both the robot waiter usage attitude and WOM has shown that the creation of the robot waiter usage desire is very important for the restaurants. It is thought that effective use of marketing communication activities will be beneficial to create the desire to use a robot waiter.
ASESMEN TEKNOLOGI E-LEARNING PADA PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: LUMBANGAOL ANITA FEBRIANY , PANJAITAN SANTI , JULIANTI METIOVANI , SITORUS FELIX ARNES , RAHAYU OKY , HUTAURUK JOSHUA PARTOGI , SIMANJUNTAK INDAH DEBORA SALMANITA , TIARA KAREN , MANIK YOSEF
Published: December 2021

The rapid development of technology has pushed the need for the teaching and learning process in secondary schools on a technology basis. Thus, secondary education must align itself with technological advances where one of the steps that can be taken is to implement technology-based learning or e-learning. Therefore, this study aims to formulate criteria and indicators for technology assessment with a technometric methodology, where these criteria will be grouped into 4 aspects, namely Technoware, Humanware, Infoware, and Orgaware. Through this research, it will be known whether the implementation of e-learning at the secondary education level has met the standards needed by students in developing their potential. So, the results obtained are that in the instrument of degrees of sophistication in e-learning at the high school level (SMA) there are components of supporting technology in e-learning in high school education, including technoware, humanware, infoware and orgaware which consists of criteria, sub-criteria, and sub-sub-criteria.

ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat, mendorong kebutuhan dalam proses belajar mengajar di sekolah menengah dengan basis teknologi. Maka, pendidikan menengah harus menyelaraskan diri dengan kemajuan teknologi dimana salah satu langkah yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melaksanakan pembelajaran yang berbasis teknologi atau e-learning. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan kriteria dan indikator penilaian teknologi atau e-learning dengan metodologi teknometrik, dimana kriteria tersebut akan dikelompokkan menjadi 4 aspek yaitu Technoware, Humanware, Infoware, dan Orgaware. Melalui penelitian ini akan diketahui apakah pelaksanaan e-learning di jenjang pendidikan menengah sudah memenuhi standar yang dibutuhkan peserta didik dalam mengembangkan potensinya. Maka, hasil yang diperoleh bahwa di dalam instrumen derajat kecanggihan dalam e-learning tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) terdapat komponen – komponen teknologi pendukung dalam e-learning pada pendidikan menengah atas antara lain technoware, humanware, infoware dan orgaware yang di dalamnya terdiri dari kriteria, sub kriteria, dan sub-sub kriteria.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA SIFAT LARUTAN GARAM MELALUI PENERAPAN DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS XI MIPA-3
Authors: LUKITASARI RETNO
Published: December 2021

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in class XI MIPA-3 SMAN 2 Jember in the 2017/2018 academic year through the application of discovery learning to the material properties of salt solutions. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was conducted in two research cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The research subjects were students of class XI MIPA-3 SMAN 2 Jember, totaling 36 students, consisting of 17 male students and 19 female students. Data collection techniques in this study used observation for the implementation of the learning process and tests to determine student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the application of discovery learning can improve student learning outcomes regarding the properties of salt solutions. In the first cycle the percentage of student learning completeness was 58.33% (21 students) and increased in the second cycle, the percentage of student learning mastery was 88.88% (32 students). There was a significant increase from cycle I to cycle II, namely 30.50%.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA- 3 SMAN 2 Jember tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 melalui penerapan discovery learning pada materi sifat larutan garam. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus penelitian yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA-3 SMAN 2 Jember yang berjumlah 36 siswa, terdiri 17 siswa laki-laki dan 19 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi untuk pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran dan tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan discovery learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa materi sifat larutan garam. Pada siklus I persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa sebesar 58,33% (21 siswa) dan meningkat pada siklus II, persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa sebesar 88,88% (32 siswa). Terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dari siklus I ke siklus II yaitu 30,50%.
Homeopathic pathogenetic trial of Plumbum metallicum: the complete 2000 trial with a synthesis of the original 1828 trial
Authors: Signorini Andrea Maria , Pichler Christa
Published: December 2021

Background: in a previous paper we reported the statistical analysis and other distribution data of a homeopathic pathogenetic trial (HPT) of Plumbum metallicum 30cH carried out by our group. However, at that time we did not report the resulting pure materia medica, i.e., the totality of symptoms elicited by the tested medicine on healthy volunteers. Aim: to communicate to the homeopathic community the full record of symptoms collected in our HPT of Plb. Methods: methods to collect and select symptoms have been reported in the previous paper. In synthesis were excluded all previous common symptoms of volunteers, even with slight differences, and selected only those that were really unknown, never seen, unusual or very strange for the prover. In this paper special emphasis was given to new symptoms as well as unusual or repeated dreams, while in the previous paper special emphasis was given to repeated and crossed symptoms. Results: symptoms are reported in their chronological order of appearance in each volunteer. 37 new symptoms were found, useful to update Homeopathic Repertories. It is also included a synthesis of the original HPT of Plb carried out in 1828 in order to make available the full experimental materia medica currently existing. Conclusions: the new HPT, besides widening the pathogenetic picture of Plb (skin and mucosae symptoms), also allowed us to give new and deeper meanings to some of the symptoms reported in the original trial, such as Anxiety, Activity, Depression, Slowness, Gastro-oesophageal problems, Colitis. The dreams complete the remedy image, mainly in work, religion and sexual themes. Up to the present time there is no peer-reviewed publication devoted to HPTs. For this reason, researchers are compelled to publish HPTs as private editions. This results in poor control of the quality of publications and a lack of standards on how to present the results of HPTs.
Storm after the calm!
Authors: Zacharias Carlos Renato
Published: December 2021

To work with or to research on subjects related to Homeopathy and High Dilutions was never a monotonous activity! At all moment skeptics and believers are discussing about clinical and experimental proofs to validate the phenomenon behind the high dilutions. Independently how structured are their reasoning, and which part is attacking, the counterpart can always neutralize the discussion using the same antidote: the intrinsic uncertain provided by statistical methods, converging to an endless technical tie. For recent examples, we can cite the UK Parliament discussion, the attempt of collective suicide by skeptics and the Belgium KCE report. I agree they had consequences, but not enough to stop the polemics or this scenario. Behind and beyond all these discussion there is an important consensus: no one knows how a HD acts or even whether it really works or whether we are dealing with experimental artifacts! Each side has its beliefs and answers. However, we can extract an ironical consequence from that: the fight between the practitioners and politicians, believers and skeptics, is the motivation and the fuel for the researchers!! What a beautiful opportunity to challenge with a potentially new phenomenon!

The mind storming we are submitted should be taken as the basal state, a cyclical behavior own of this field. Cycles will repeat no matter the Science might be able to bring new theories, models, experiments, concepts, etc, about HD, to explain it or to refuse such hypothetical phenomenon!

Storms are cyclical and the winds can take us to new possibilities! And the calm period is very useful to repair or even redesign our structures and skills, preparing us to the next storm! But not to eliminate them!

I consider we are living a calm period, on which we should take a deep breath and relax to observe where the winds have brought us, what new possibilities we have, what challenges we must deal with!

This current IJHDRÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s issue and the next one will be an invitation to a break to meditation. IJHDR will publish the scientific contributions submitted to the GIRI (Groupe International de Recherche sur lÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢Infinitesimal) Symposia. The GIRI was created in 1986 aiming to bring together pharmacologists, biologists, physicians, chemists, physicists and other professionals to keep in touch, to exchange experiences and develop joint research projects about the biological effects of high dilutions, Homeopathy included.

In the current issue, IJHDR will publish 17 contributions presented on 2010 (Monaco) and in the next issues, more than 50 contributions submitted to the XXV GIRI Symposium (September 2011, Brazil). This way, IJHDR exerts its mission as a vehicle to share open access high quality information about research in HD.

Enjoy the calm, because new storms are coming!
Designs for research of High Dilutons in animal models: an update
Authors: Alecu Adrian , Brezeanu Romeo
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the series of tests on animal experimental models carried out by our group to evaluate the effect of homeopathic preparations selected according to traditional criteria of pathogenetic similarity. Our overall experience indicates that it is not difficult to carry out experimental studies assaying homeopathic medicines in randomized placebo-controlled tests returning statistically analyzable results. The basic requirement for this purpose is to select validated experimental models. The simplest and most reliable ones are the ones arising from common daily clinical practice or those taken from classical pharmacological studies modified as to fit the goals of a homeopathic assay. By proceeding in this way it will be possible to build a sound body of evidence for the biological effects of high dilutions.
Repetitions of fundamental research models for homeopathically prepared dilutions beyond 10-23: a bibliometric study
Authors: Endler Peter Christian
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Repeatability of experiments is an important criterion of modern research and a major challenge for homeopathic basic research. There is a lack of a recent overview about basic research studies in high homeopathic potencies that have been subjected to laboratory-internal, multicenter or independent repetition trials. Methods: We considered biochemical, immunological, botanical, cell biological and zoological studies on high potencies, i.e. beyond a dilution of 10-23. Main sources of information were reviews, personal contact with members of the homeopathic basic research community, and the MEDLINE and HOMBREX databases. Studies were extracted from the publications and grouped into models. Studies were further sorted according to repetition type (laboratory-internal, multicenter, or independent) and results achieved. Results: A total of 107 studies have been found. From these, 30 were initial studies. In the attempt to reproduce one of these initial studies, 53 follow up studies yielded comparable effects (35 laboratory-internal, 8 multicenter, 10 independent repetitions), eight studies showed a consistent, yet different result from the initial study (2 laboratory-internal, 2 multicenter, 4 independent repetitions), and 16 studies yielded zero effects (5 laboratory-internal, 2 multicenter, 9 independent repetitions). When all repetitive studies are considered, 69% reported effects comparable to that of the initial study, 10% different effects, and 21% zero effects. Independently performed repetition studies reported 44% comparable effects, 17% different effects, and 39% zero effects. Conclusions: We identified 24 experimental models in basic research on high homeopathic potencies, which were repeatedly investigated. 22 models were reproduced with comparable results, 6 models with different results, and repetition showed no results for 15 models. Independent reproductions with either comparable or different results were found for seven models. We encourage further repetition trials of published studies, in order to learn more about the model systems used and in order to test their repeatability
Inflammation in rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15cH during pregnancy: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Cardoso Thayná Neves , Bonamin Leoni Villano
Published: December 2021

In previous studies, we observed that rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15CH (10-33M) had a higher level of mast cell degranulation and greater arteriolar dilation after the exposure of an inflammatory stimulus, suggesting the possibility of vertical transmission of the effects of ultra-diluted substances between mother and offspring. In this study, a more detailed assessment of the cellular events in acute inflammation was made using techniques of immunohistochemistry. The identification of adhesion molecules expression was made by the markers: anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) and anti-CD18 (ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²2-Integrin). The identification of inflammatory cells was performed by the markers anti-MAC387 (mononuclear cells) and anti-CD163 (active macrophages). Polymorphonuclear cells were identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The number of labeled cells per field was recorded, except for the anti-CD54 marker, whose intensity of staining on the endothelial cells was defined by scores assigned by two independent observers. The results point toward to an up regulation of the whole inflammatory process in rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15CH during pregnancy. This conclusion is justified by the following statistically significant (pÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Â°Ã‚Â¤0.05) findings: a) bigger mast cell degranulation and increased of arteriolar diameter; b) increased migration of polymorphonuclear cells in relation to the mononuclear cells; c) earlier expression of CD163 in monocytes, d) higher level of adhesion molecules expression.
The problem of dose in homeopaty: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicasted with arsenic
Authors: Fontes Olney Leite , Farhat Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte , Cesar Amarilys Toledo , Lara Marilisa GuimarÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â£es , Montebelo Maria Imaculada Lima , Rodrigues Gabriela Cristina Gomes , Chaud Marco Vinícius
Published: December 2021

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.
Physical-chemical and microbiological stability of biotherapy Candida albicans RC in different potencies
Authors: Honsani Fortune , Larosa Cristiane , GonÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â§alves Flavia , Avellar Danielle , Toma Helena , Santos AndrÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â© , Garcia Sheila , Holandino Carla
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Oral Candidiasis is an opportunist fungal infection, with high incidence in HIV and immunosuppressed patients and Candida albicans is the most common causing agent. In some cases, it can evolve to resistant injuries to antifungal conventional therapy. According to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia (BHP) [1], biotherapic medicines are prepared from chemically undefined biological products. Biotherapics created by Brazilian doctor Roberto Costa (RC) have a different homeopathic compounding technique, as its dynamization starts from the ethiologic agent of the illness in its alive form, which present higher capability to stimulate the host immunological system [2,3].

Aim: The goal of this study was evaluate the physical-chemical and microbiological stability of Candida albicans RC potencies under different conditions of storage.

Methodology: To prepare the biotherapics, one part of Candida albicans yeast suspension (109 cell/ml) was diluted in 9 parts of sterile distillated water. After preparing this 1:10 dilution, the sample was undergone 100 succussions, resulting in the first decimal dilution (1x). Then, one part of this solution was diluted in 9 parts of sterile distillated water and submitted to 100 succussions, generating the 2x. This process was successively repeated following BHP, until 30x. Water 30x was prepared by the same technique, as control. All the solutions were prepared in aseptic and sterile conditions. Biotherapics 6x, 12x, 18x, 24x, 30x and water 30x were storage under refrigeration (2 to 8Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â°C) and at room temperate (25Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â°C) during 8 weeks. Every 15 days, the following parameters were analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity, UV absorbance (260 and 280 nm). Microbiological analyses were performed after 3 weeks by colony forming unit (CFU) method [4].

Results: The preliminary analyses performed at times zero, 15, 30 and 45 days suggest that electrical conductivity of these solutions tend to increase proportionally to storage time without significant differences due to temperature storage conditions. There was no statistically significant difference detected in pH values. Measures of absorbance of different biotherapic potencies under both conditions of storage are in course. Microbiological analyses showed no colony growth, but in the 1x sample analyzed at time zero, indicating the viability of the fungus.

Conclusion: Further experiments are being carried out in order to confirm the preliminary data obtained.
Microbiological stability of homeopathic medicines using purified water as vehicle
Authors: Cesar Amarilys de Toledo , Cegalla Virginia Teresa
Published: December 2021

Background: Homeopathic medicines are prepared in homeopathic pharmacies. This leads to freedom of prescription but requires more knowledge of the clinicians to achieve the best results. Preparations made of purified water receive a validity of 24 hours, but there are prescriptions for up to 30 days. This contradiction raises tensions among physicians, pharmacists and patients.

Aims: to evaluate the increase in microbiological contamination in homeopathic medicines using purified water as vehicle compared with the microbiological stability of purified water. Contribute to the quality of homeopathic medicine and treatment.

Methodology: daily microbiological analysis for one week to assess the growth of heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas, yeasts and molds. The reference used was the USP 32/NF 27 and the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5th edition.

Results: there was a higher growth of microorganisms on the medicine, compared with purified water. From the 2nd day on, this growth has been beyond the legal limits.

Discussion: medicines for oral use are not sterile preparations, but they must remain stable during its shelf life. Our results indicate that contamination occurs from the earliest days of use. This shows the need to change the prescription in relation of the vehicle, to ensure hygiene and avoid potential contamination of the patient. It is necessary to prevent conflict of information between pharmacists and patients, and the contradiction of the doctor's advice, besides the potential risk of responsibility to be attributed to the pharmacy. It is necessary to promote a discussion between pharmacists and clinicians, to spread this information for those that prescribe.

Conclusion: there was an increased of microbiological contamination of the medicines dispensed in purified water, which harms the quality of homeopathic medicine and homeopathic treatment.
Birthplace of homeopathy: HahnemannÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s house in Torgau, then and now
Authors: Alex Peter
Published: December 2021

The history of the house that Samuel Hahnemann and his family inhabited during the years from 1804 until 1811 is sketched out. Interesting details of the Torgau years - one of the most productive stages in HahnemannÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‹Å“s life - are highlighted. A summary of the history of homeopathy in Saxony is presented. The International Homeopathic College, a charity that works in research, teaching and practice of the Hahnemannian method in his former house is introduced. Keywords: Hahnemann's house; Torgau; history. Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â O local de nascimento da Homeopatia: a casa de Hahnemann in Tourgau. ResumoA histÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â³ria da casa na qual moraram Samuel Hahnemann e família, entre os anos de 1804 atÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â© 1811 ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â© apresentada. Detalhes interessantes dos anos em Torgau ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ uma das fases mais produtivas da vida de Hahnemann ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ sÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â£o destacados. Um resumo da histÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â³ria da Homeopatia na SaxÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â´nia ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â© apresentado. Apresentamos o ColÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©gio Homeopático Internacional, uma entidade que atua em pesquisa, ensino e prática do mÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©todo hahnemanniano, localizada na casa em Torgau. Palavras-chave: casa de Hahnemann, Torgau, histÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â³ria. Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â Hogar de nacimiento de la homeopatía: la casa de Hahnemann en Torgau. ResumenLa historia de la casa que Samuel Hahnemann y su familia habitaron durante los aÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â±os desde 1804 hasta 1811 está esbozado em este artículo. Interesantes detalles de los aÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â±os en Torgau - una de las etapas más productivas en la vida de Hahnemann - se destacan. Un resumen de la historia de la homeopatía en Sajonia se presenta. Se introduce tambiÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©n el Colegio Homeopático Internacional, una organizaciÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â³n que trabaja en la investigaciÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â³n, la enseÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â±anza y la práctica del mÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©todo Hahnemannian en su antigua casa. Palabras-clave: casa de Hahnemann; Torgau; historia Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â Correspondence author: Peter Alex, alex-homeopathics@web.de How to cite this article: Alex P. Birthplace of Homeopathy: Hahnemann's House in Torgau, Then and Now. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2009 [cited YYYY Month dd]; 8(27): 70-79. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/339/387. Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â
The 2005 Lancet review proved superior quality of homeopathy trials: what's next?
Authors: Rutten Lex
Published: December 2021

Several former reviews showed positive effects of homeopathy, but in 2005 The Lancet published a review which claimed that homeopathy is a placebo effect. This review was criticised for not revealing essential information. A reconstruction of post-publication data challenges the negative conclusion. The only conclusion that was rectified by the methodology of the 2005 review was that the quality of homeopathy trials, and especially of smaller trials, is better than quality of conventional trials. The comparison of the effect of 110 homeopathy trials with 110 matched conventional trials was flawed by selection bias, different publication bias, different quality, and different safety. Nevertheless, there is no significant difference of effects between both methods. Discussions about proof for homeopathy are in fact discussions about science. The prior assumption that homeopathy cannot work pervades all aspects of this discussion and is not properly evaluated in the introduction of most analyses.
How to objectively rate investment experts in absence of full disclosure?
Authors: Wessa Patrick
Published: December 2021

The result of this investigation is an operational model that can be used to accurately identify real stock market time series. In other words, if we are presented with a collection of blinded time series (real-life time series and simulated Random-Walks) then the proposed model will allow us to discriminate between both categories. In addition, it is shown that the type II error of this model quickly converges to zero as the time series length increases. The most remarkable feature of this model is its simplicity: a (bias-reduced) logistic regression with a single exogenous variable (the kurtosis p-value) based on the Quasi Random-Walk model that relates returns of equity and the entire market in times of large market returns. This model can be used as an objective rating benchmark for the models that are used by hedge funds to identify the stocks that should be used in a market neutral arbitrage strategy of long and short positions. In addition, it allows independent auditors to objectively evaluate the added value of statistical and technical analysis techniques that are often used in investment decisions. A rating mechanism that is based on the proposed benchmark, provides valuable information about the investment strategy even in absence of full disclosure.
Asymptotic normality of the optimal solution in multiresponse surface mathematical programming
Authors: Díaz-García José , Caro-Lopera Francisco
Published: December 2021

An explicit form for the perturbation effect on the matrix of regression coefficients on the optimal solution in multiresponse surface methodology is obtained in this paper. Then, the sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution is studied and the critical point characterisation of the convex program, associated with the optimum of a multiresponse surface, is also analysed. Finally, the asymptotic normality of the optimal solution is derived by the standard methods.
comparison of methods for the estimation of Weibull distribution parameters
Authors: Nwobi Felix , Ugomma Chukwudi
Published: December 2021

In this paper we study the different methods for estimation of the parameters of the Weibull distribution. These methods are compared in terms of their fits using the mean square error (MSE) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) criteria to select the best method. Goodness-of-fit tests show that the Weibull distribution is a good fit to the squared returns series of weekly stock prices of Cornerstone Insurance PLC. Results show that the mean rank (MR) is the best method among the methods in the graphical and analytical procedures. Numerical simulation studies carried out show that the maximum likelihood estimation method (MLE) significantly outperformed other methods.
Adjustment of recall errors in duration data using SIMEX
Authors: Pina-Sánchez Jose
Published: December 2021

It is widely accepted that due to memory failures retrospective survey questions tend to be prone to measurement error. However, the proportion of studies using such data that attempt to adjust for the measurement problem is shockingly low. Arguably, to a great extent this is due to both the complexity of the methods available and the need to access a subsample containing either a gold standard or replicated values. Here I suggest the implementation of a version of SIMEX capable of adjusting for the types of multiplicative measurement errors associated with memory failures in the retrospective report of durations of life-course events. SIMEX is a method relatively simple to implement and it does not require the use of replicated or validation data so long as the error process can be adequately specified. To assess the effectiveness of the method I use simulated data. I create twelve scenarios based on the combinations of three outcome models (linear, logit and Poisson) and four types of multiplicative errors (non-systematic, systematic negative, systematic positive and heteroscedastic) affecting one of the explanatory variables. I show that SIMEX can be satisfactorily implemented in each of these scenarios. Furthermore, the method can also achieve partial adjustments even in scenarios where the actual distribution and prevalence of the measurement error differs substantially from what is assumed in the adjustment, which makes it an interesting sensitivity tool in those cases where all that is known about the error process is reduced to an educated guess.
GD PBIBD(2)s in incomplete split-plot × split-block type experiments
Authors: Ambroży Katarzyna , Mejza Iwona
Published: December 2021

In this paper we present a method of designing a three-factor experiment with crossed and nested treatment structures. The design considered is called a split-plot × split-block design. A kind of design incomplete with respect to all three factors is examined. Additionally, we consider the usefulness of group divisible partially balanced incomplete block designs with two associate classes in planning such experiments. In modeling data obtained from them, we take into account the structure of experimental material and a four-step randomization scheme for the different kind of units. As regards the analysis of the obtained randomization model with seven strata, we adapt an approach typical of multistratum experiments with orthogonal block structure.
Explaining the "accuracy" of proxy-reports on attitudes towards immigrants in Germany
Authors: Jäger Angela
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes the degree to which subjects are able to "accurately" report the attitudes of their reference group or close discussion partners. Studies using a social network approach have found evidence for a strong association between the respondents' own attitude reports and their reports on the perceived attitudes of relevant others. Since most research has not tested whether this perception of ego is congruent with the actual attitudes of the alters, it remains unclear to what degree the observed correlations are substantiated in social influence processes or simply result from egos' projection of their own attitudes on their alters. However, descriptive statistics have confirmed that proxy-reports and self-reports with regard to attitudes reveal a relatively low degree of congruence. In this study, the influence of ego's access to information on the "quality" of the proxy-reports concerning attitudes towards immigrants in Germany is analyzed in the context of a broader understanding of the congruence of proxy-reports. For this purpose, we use two approaches that apply different criteria of validity to assess the "accuracy" of proxy-reports on attitudes on an individual level. In order to address our questions, we reanalyze recently collected data (N = 1693) on egos' attitudes towards immigrants, including information about egos' perception of alters' attitudes and alters' self-reports on the same matter. According to our results stemming from multivariate two-level regression models, the accuracy of proxy-reports is conditional on characteristics of the dyadic relationships as well as the complete network in which these dyads are embedded, a fact which apparently has not yet been considered in previous research. In summary, it is recommended that for the collection of attitudinal data by means of proxy-reports the name interpreter items should refer to general dispositions rather than to specific attitudes of alters.
Mechanisms generating asymmetric core-cohesive blockmodels
Authors: Cugmas Marjan , Žiberna Aleš , Ferligoj Anuška
Published: December 2021

The paper addresses the relationship between different local network mechanisms and different global network structures, described by blockmodels. The research question is narrowed to the context of preschool children networks. Based on the studies regarding friendship, liking and interactional networks among preschool children, the popularity, transitivity, mutuality and assortativity mechanisms are assumed to be important for the evolution of such networks. It is assumed that the global network structure is defined by an asymmetric core-cohesive blockmodel consisting of one core group of units and two or more cohesive groups of units. Therefore, the main research question is whether the emergence of an asymmetric core-cohesive blockmodel can be a result of the influence of the listed mechanisms. Different initial global network structures are considered. Monte Carlo simulations were used. The relative fit measure is proposed and used to compare different blockmodel types on generated networks. The results show that the listed mechanisms indeed lead to the assumed global network structure.
Methodological discussion of the income measure in the European Social Survey round 1
Authors: Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Jürgen , Warner Uwe
Published: December 2021

During the last decade, the number of cross-national and cross-cultural empirical research has increased; at the same time the need for comparative survey data grew considerably. Also more and more politicians and policy decision makers are looking across the national and cultural borders of their countries. Looking at the question of total net household income, we discus advantages and weaknesses of an input harmonized social survey. We demonstrate the impact of the national social, economic and legal particularities on the answering behavior of the surveyed respondent by comparing across countries the interview outcomes from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). ESS used a crude measurement of the total net household income interviewing only one randomly selected household member. ECHP surveyed all persons living in a sampled household and asked all income sources and components of the respondents and the household. In this paper we use ECHP as a reference showing the most accurate method to measure income, and compare this with the interview results of ESS. For comparative social surveys we propose a set of questions on income that takes into account the national circumstances. We get comparable data across countries reflecting the national tax systems, the particular practices in the earning structures and the national habits in summing up the different income components. We expect that such a new fieldwork instrument integrated into the data production of cross-national surveys may increase the analytical power of the comparative socio-demographic variable "total net household income".
Control charts for skewed distributions
Authors: Karagöz Derya , Hamurkaroğlu Canan
Published: December 2021

In this paper the control limits of \(\bar{X}\) and \(R\) control charts for skewed distributions are obtained by considering the classic, the weighted variance (\(\mathit{WV}\)), the weighted standard deviations (\(\mathit{WSD}\)) and the skewness correction (\(\mathit{SC}\)) methods. These methods are compared by using Monte Carlo simulation. Type I risk probabilities of these control charts are compared with respect to different subgroup sizes for skewed distributions which are Weibull, gamma and lognormal. Simulation results show that Type I risk of \(\mathit{SC}\) method is less than that of other methods. When the distribution is approximately symmetric, then the Type I risks of Shewhart, \(\mathit{WV}\) , \(\mathit{WSD}\), and \(\mathit{SC}\) \(\bar{X}\) charts are comparable, while the \(\mathit{SC}\) \(R\) chart has a noticeable smaller Type I risk.
Impact of class-imbalance on multi-class high-dimensional class prediction
Authors: Blagus Rok , Lusa Lara
Published: December 2021

The goal of multi-class supervised classification is to develop a rule that accurately predicts the class membership of new samples when the number of classes is larger than two. In this paper we consider high-dimensional class-imbalanced data: the number of variables greatly exceeds the number of samples and the number of samples in each class is not equal. We focus on Friedman's one-versus-one approach for three-class problems and show how its class probabilities depend on the class probabilities from the binary classification sub-problems. We further explore its performance using diagonal linear discriminant analysis (DLDA) as a base classifier and compare its performance with multi-class DLDA, using simulated and real data. Our results show that the class-imbalance has a significant effect on the classification results: the classification is biased towards the majority class as in the two-class problems and the problem is magnified when the number of variables is large. The amount of the bias depends also, jointly, on the magnitude of the differences between the classes and on the sample size: the bias diminishes when the difference between the classes is larger or the sample size is increased. Also variable selection plays an important role in the class-imbalance problem and the most effective strategy depends on the type of differences that exist between classes. DLDA seems to be among the least sensible classifiers to class-imbalance and its use is recommended also for multi-class problems. Whenever possible the experiments should be planned using balanced data in order to avoid the class-imbalance problem.
Hypothetical versus actual support providers in comparative network research
Authors: Hlebec Valentina , Kogovšek Tina
Published: December 2021

Informal social networks are the most important source of social support, which is an essential foundation for the quality of everyday life. Distributions of various types of social networks have to be studied from a comparative perspective to evaluate the effects of the change in political, social and economic systems in Slovenia on social network composition and structure. Data from two studies are compared: one made before (1987) and one after the transition (2002) on representative samples of adult residents of Slovenia. In the paper the ability of informal social networks to provide an adequate sources of social support is discussed as the substantive part of this research. The effects of characteristics of the measurement instruments (hypothetical versus actual support providers) on obtained estimates of network composition are presented and evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the relationship approach to measuring personal networks are discussed with regard to complete evaluation of network membership.
Use of trellis graphics in the analysis of results from field experiments in agriculture
Authors: Čobanović Katarina , Nikolić-Đorić Emilija , Mutavdžić Beba
Published: December 2021

Trellis graphics (Becker, Cleveland, and Shyu, 1996) is a very effective method for visualizing multidimensional data sets. The basic idea behind trellis graphics is to display any of a large variety of 1-D, 2-D or 3-D statistical plot types in trellis layout of panels, where each panel displays a subset of the data for different values of one or more additional discrete or continuous conditioning variables. The data that we use for the illustration of different applications of trellis graphics are the results of a field experiment conducted at the Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad in the period 1994–1998 (Čobanović et al., 2001) with three fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in three repetitions with nine variants of wheat. In the experiment, four quantities of each fertilizer were applied (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha) at plots of the same size in 20 from 64 possible combinations, whereby the yield of wheat (t/ha) was the measured outcome.
Reliability and validity of measuring social support networks by web and telephone
Authors: Kogovšek Tina
Published: December 2021

Egocentered networks are common in social science research. Here, the unit of analysis is a respondent (ego) together with his/her personal network (alters). Usually, several variables are measured to describe the relationship between egos and alters. In this paper, the aim is to estimate the reliability and validity of the averages of these measures by the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) approach. In the study, web and telephone modes of data collection are compared on a convenience sample of 238 second year students at the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Ljubljana. The data was collected in 2003. The results show that the telephone mode produces more reliable data than the web mode of data collection. Also, method order effect was shown: the data collection mode used first produces data of lower reliability than the mode used for the second measurement. There were no large differences in validity of measurement.
"Please name the first two people you would ask for help"
Authors: Kogovšek Tina , Mrzel Maja , Hlebec Valentina
Published: December 2021

Social network indicators (e.g., network size, network structure and network composition) and the quality of their measurement may be affected by different factors such as measurement method, type of social support, limitation of the number of alters, context of the questionnaire, question wording, personal characteristics of respondents such as age, gender or personality traits and others. In this paper we focus on the effect of limiting the number of alters on network composition indicators (e.g., percentage of kin, friends etc.), which are often used in substantive studies on social support, epidemiological studies and so on. Often social networks are only one among many topics measured in such large studies; therefore, limitation of the number of alters that can be named is often used directly (e.g., International Social Survey Programme) or indirectly (e.g., General Social Survey) in the network items. The analysis was done on two comparable data sets from different years. Data were collected by the name generator approach by students of the University of Ljubljana as part of various social science methodology courses. Network composition on the basis of direct use (i.e., already in the question wording) of limitation on the number of alters is compared to network composition on full network data (i.e.,collected without any limitations).