bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL STRUCTURE OF HIDDEN LAYERS OF THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Kazarian A. G. , Teslyuk V. M. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Kazymyra I. Ya. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

A method for optimal structure selection of hidden layers of the artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed. Its main idea is the practical application of several internal structures of ANN and further calculation of the error of each hidden layer structure using identical data sets for ANN training. The method is based on the alternate comparison of the expected result values and the actual results of the feedforward artificial neural networks with a different number of inner layers and a different number of neurons on each layer. The method afforces searching the optimal internal structure of ANN for usage in the development of "smart" house systems and for calculation of the optimal energy consumption level in accordance with current conditions, such as room temperature, presence of people, and time of the day. The usage of the presented method allows to reduce the time spent on choosing the effective structure of the artificial neural network at the initial stages of research and to pay more attention to the relationship between the input and output data, as well as to such important parameters of the ANN learning process, as a number of training iterations, minimal training error, etc. The software has been developed that allows to carry out the processes of training, testing, and obtaining the output results of the algorithm of the artificial neural network, such as the expected value of power consumption and operating time of each individual appliance. The disadvantage of the approach used in finding the optimal internal structure of the artificial neural network is that each subsequent structure is created on the basis of the most efficient of the previously created structures without analyzing other structures that showed worse results with fewer hidden layers. It was found that to improve the solution of this problem it is necessary to create a mechanism which will be based on the analysis of input data, output data, will analyze the internal relationships between parameters and will optimize the network structure at each stage using certain logical rules according to the results obtained in the previous step. It is established that this problem is a nonlinear programming problem that can be solved in the further development of this study.
ORDER AND ORDERING IN DISCRETE MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS
Authors:   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Ovsyak V. K. , Ovsyak O. V. ,   National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv, Ukraine, Petruszka J. V. ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The available means of ordering and sorting in some important sections of discrete mathematics and computer science are studied, namely: in the set theory, classical mathematical logic, proof theory, graph theory, POST method, system of algorithmic algebras, algorithmic languages of object-oriented and assembly programming. The Cartesian product of sets, ordered pairs and ordered n-s, the description by means of set theory of an ordered pair, which are performed by Wiener, Hausdorff and Kuratowski, are presented. The requirements as for the relations that order sets are described. The importance of ordering in classical mathematical logic and proof theory is illustrated by the examples of calculations of the truth values of logical formulas and formal derivation of a formula on the basis of inference rules and substitution rules. Ordering in graph theory is shown by the example of a block diagram of the Euclidean algorithm, designed to find the greatest common divisor of two natural numbers. The ordering and sorting of both the instructions formed by two, three and four ordered fields and the existing ordering of instructions in the program of Post method are described. It is shown that the program is formed by the numbered instructions with unique instruction numbers and the presence of the single instruction with number 1. The means of the system of algorithmic algebras, which are used to perform the ordering and sorting in the algorithm theory, are illustrated. The operations of the system of algorithmic algebras are presented, which include Boolean algebra operations generalized to the three-digit alphabet and operator operations of operator algebra. The properties of the composition operation are described, which is intended to describe the orderings of the operators of the operator algebra in the system of algorithmic algebras. The orderings executed by means of algorithmic programming languages are demonstrated by the hypothetical application of the modern object-oriented programming language C#. The program must contain only one method Main () from which the program execution begins. The ARM microprocessor assembly program must have only one ENTRY directive from which the program execution begins.
EVOLUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA. NEW FORMS OF PRESENTATION
Authors:   State University of Infrastructure and Technology, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bilan S. M.
Published: June 2021

The paper considers cellular automata and forms of reflection of their evolution. Forms of evolution of elementary cellular automata are known and widely used, which allowed specialists to model different dynamic processes and behavior of systems in different directions. In the context of the easy construction of the form of evolution of elementary cellular automata, difficulties arise in representing the form of evolution of two-dimensional cellular automata, both synchronous and asynchronous. The evolution of two-dimensional cellular automata is represented by a set of states of two-dimensional forms of cellular automata, which complicates the perception and determination of the dynamics of state change. The aim of this work is to solve the problem of a fixed mapping of the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular automaton in the form of a three-dimensional representation, which is displayed in different colors on a two-dimensional image The paper proposes the evolution of two-dimensional cellular automata in the form of arrays of binary codes for each cell of the field. Each time step of the state change is determined by the state of the logical "1" or "0". Moreover, each subsequent state is determined by increasing the binary digit by one. The resulting binary code identifies the color code that is assigned to the corresponding cell at each step of the evolution iteration. As a result of such coding, a two-dimensional color matrix (color image) is formed, which in its color structure indicates the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular automaton. To represent evolution, Wolfram coding was used, which increases the number of rules for a two-dimensional cellular automaton. The rules were used for the von Neumann neighborhood without taking into account the own state of the analyzed cell. In accordance with the obtained two-dimensional array of codes, a discrete color image is formed. The color of each pixel of such an image is encoded by the obtained evolution code of the corresponding cell of the two-dimensional cellular automaton with the same coordinates. The bitness of the code depends on the number of time steps of evolution. The proposed approach allows us to trace the behavior of the cellular automaton in time depending on its initial states. Experimental analysis of various rules for the von Neumann neighborhood made it possible to determine various rules that allow the shift of an image in different directions, as well as various affine transformations over images. Using this approach, it is possible to describe various dynamic processes and natural phenomena.
Suunvuoro
Authors: Lappalainen Hanna
Published: June 2021

Tämä numeron ilmestyminen osuu Virittäjän historiassa merkittävään taitekohtaan. Lehteä on vuosien varrella toimitettu monissa paikoissa. Tänä vuonna toimitus on ollut koronan vuoksi hajallaan eri puolilla Etelä-Suomea, mutta virallisesti sen kotipaikkana on ollut nyt ja aina vuodesta 1956 lähtien Castrenianum, joka on sijainnut fyysisesti Helsingin yliopiston päärakennuksessa Fabianinkadulla. Castrenianumin historiasta sai hyvän kuvan Kotikielen Seuran puheenjohtaja Mari Siiroisen vuosikokousesitelmästä (13.3.2021), jota pääsee kuuntelemaan ja katselemaan Kotikielen Seuran verkkosivuilta löytyvän linkin kautta (www.kotikielenseura.fi). Historiakatsaus oli paikallaan, sillä 65-vuotiaan Castrenianumin aika on nyt ohi ja seuraavaa numeroa toimitetaan jo Metsä­talon suojissa Unioninkadulla.
Virittäjän 125-vuotisjuhla alkaa näkyä yhä enemmän Virittäjän toimituksen arjessa, vaikka lehden lukijoille siitä tihkuu toistaiseksi vain pieniä merkkejä. Opiskelijat ovat tehneet jo koko joukon kiinnostavia haastatteluja Virittäjän toimihenkilöistä, laatineet kyselyjä ja tehneet erilaisia katsauksia lehden historiasta. Kiitos teille, jotka olette vastanneet harjoittelijoidemme yhteydenottoihin myöntävästi ja osallistuneet eri­laisiin gallupeihin! Työ jatkuu kesällä ja syksyllä, ja verkkosivusto avautuu vuoden 2022 alussa.
Toivomme, että Virittäjän juhlinta voisi osaltaan synnyttää ja vahvistaa monen kipeästi kaipaamaa yhteisöllisyyttä. Yksi idea tähän syntyi keväällä Helsingin yliopiston suomen kielen oppiaineen henkilökunnan kokouksessa: entäpä jos perustaisimme lukupiirin, jossa Virittäjän kustakin vuosikerrasta valittaisiin aina yksi juttu yhteisesti luettavaksi! Tässä olisi ohjelmaa 125 kerraksi. Rohkenen jakaa tämän idean ja haastaa muitakin perustamaan erilaisia Virittäjä-aiheisia lukupiirejä. Lukupiirit voivat kokoontua yhtä hyvin kasvokkain kuin verkossakin. Lukuseuraa voi etsiä esimerkiksi Virittäjän Facebook-sivun ja Twitter-tilin kautta.
Tämä vuoden toinen numero tarjoaa kolme tutkimusartikkelia, peräti neljä havaintokirjoitusta sekä lektioita ja kirja-arvioita, perinteiseen tapaan myös Koti­kielen Seuran vuosikertomuksen. Artikkelit johdattavat edessä-adposition polysemiaan, television haastattelu-uutisen rakenteen tarkasteluun ja koodinvaihdon prosodisten piirteiden tehtäviin. Havaintokirjoituksissa puolestaan tarkastellaan analogian olemusta, marin menneen ajan tempusten evidentiaalisuutta ja modaalisuutta, angervon etymologiaa sekä uuden raamatunkäännöksen, UT2020:n, kielellisiä valintoja. Näihin kiinnostaviin teemoihin voi upota vaikka riippukeinussa, laiturin nokassa tai parveke­kahveilla. Hyvää ja virkistävää kesää!
Hanna Lappalainen
Salda Gölü Destinasyonu Marka Değeri
Authors: Özkan Tülay , Alan Burcu
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Salda Gölü destinasyonunun marka değerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışma, Eylül – Aralık 2020 ayları arasında Salda Gölü destinasyonunu ziyaret eden ya da konaklayan gönüllü katılımcılara nicel olarak ve anket yoluyla yüz yüze yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya toplamda 325 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların Salda Gölü’nün marka değerine ilişkin algılamaları tüm değer bileşenlerinde ortanın üzerindedir. Salda Gölü destinasyonunun genel marka değeri üzerinde etkili olan boyutların önem derecelerine göre sıralaması ise marka sadakati, marka çağrışımları ve algılanan kalitedir. Bunun dışında marka farkındalığının etkisi bulunamamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Salda Gölü destinasyonunun marka değeri hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
In vitro anthelmintic efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad on Haemonchus contortus
Authors:   University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Rehman Tauseef , Iqbal Khalid J. , Anwer Azra , Abbas Rao Z. , Babar Wasim , Ali Ahmad , Khan Muhammad K. , Javid Arshad , Khan Noor , Ali Hafiz M. , Shahzad Faisal , Zaman Muhammad A. , Sikandar Arbab
Published: June 2021

Ethno-veterinary medicinal studies associated with traditional uses of the flora of the Cholistan desert have shown that fruits of Citrullus colocynthis are used for the treatment of helminth infections. The present research was designed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of C. colocynthis against H. contortus. The in vitro anthelmintic effects of aqueous-methanol and ethyl acetate fruit extracts of C. colocynthis against H. contortus were determined through egg hatch and adult motility assays. The effect of four serial dilutions of 25 mg/mL of each extract compared to levamisol (0.55 mg/mL) and oxfendazole (three serial dilutions of 25 µg/mL) were studied. Both ethyl acetate and aqueous-methanol extracts paralyzed all adult worms 4h and 8h post-exposure at a dose of 25 mg/mL each. In the egg hatch assay, about 83.67% and 80.67% of H. contortus eggs failed to hatch with the same dose (i.e. 25 mg/mL) of ethyl acetate and CAME extracts, respectively. The results of the present study strongly support fruit extracts of C. colocynthis as a promising alternative to synthetic drugs against H. contortus. These findings will lead to further in vivo studies to investigate the bio-availability of the active ingredients of the plant and the minimum non-lethal concentration required for treatment of haemonchosis in livestock. The anthelmintic effects of C. colocynthis might be attributed to the presence of phenolic acids.
Topical application of ‘Hemin’ promotes wound healing in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors:   Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteing, Srinagar, India, Ahanger Azad A. , Prawez Shahid , Shakoor Abdul , Ahmad Wasif , Khan Adil M. , Kumar Dinesh
Published: June 2021

Hemin may be of potential therapeutic value in wound healing management in diabetics. It is an inducer of heme oxygenase-1, an enzyme which degrades heme and participates in cellular protection against oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Thus, in the present study, hemin (0.5%) was applied topically over excision wounds, and its therapeutic effect in wound healing evaluated in diabetic rats. Topical hemin application significantly increased the percentage of wound contraction on day 2 in diabetic rats, however, povidone-iodine did the same on day 7 compared to the diabetic control. A significant increase in hydroxyproline and glucosamine content was found on day 14 in the hemin treated wounds of diabetic rats vs. the diabetic control. The histology of the hemin treated rats was in agreement with the cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis in granulation tissue. Hemin significantly increases cytokine IL-10 and decreases TNF-α in the granulation tissue of the healed wounds of diabetic rats. The finding showing the pro-healing effects of hemin was endorsed by inhibition of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mRNA. Hence, topical hemin application (i) helps in early and fast wound contraction (ii) enhances the hydroxyproline and glucosamine content of wounds and (iii) modulates pro-healing mRNA expression of cytokines.
Formation and development of professional creativity of future officers in higher military educational institutions
Authors: Didenko Oleksandr , Zoriy Yaroslav , Rudenko Larysa , Lytvyn Andrii , Halimov Anatolii , Lutskyi Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of formation and development of professional creativity of future officers in higher military The authors define the essence of the concept of "professional creativity of an officer" and identify factors influencing manifestations of creativity in the professional and educational environment of higher military educational institutions. The criteria (cognitive, operational, intellectual, emotional-reflexive), indicators and levels of formation of professional creativity of future officers have been determined, considering its structure. Based on the results of the study, the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional creativity is proved, which were implemented in stages within the framework of the author's technology during the professional training of future officers in higher military educational institutions.
Chaotic Assessment of the Heave and Pitch Dynamics Motions of Air Cushion Vehicles
Authors: Sowayan A.S.
Published: June 2021

In this study, a three degrees of freedom nonlinear air cushion vehicle (ACV) model is introduced to examine the dynamic behavior of the heave and pitch responses in addition to the cushion pressure of the ACV in both time and frequency domains. The model is based on the compressible flow Bernoulli’s equation and the thermodynamics nonlinear isentropic relations along with the Newton second law of translation and rotation. In this study, the dynamical investigation was based on a numerical simulation using the stiff ODE solvers of the Matlab software. The chaotic investigations of the proposed model are provided using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the Poincaré maps, and the regression analysis. Three control design parameters are investigated for the chaotic studies. These parameters are: ACV mass (M), the mass flow rate entering the cushion volume (ṁin), and the ACV base radius (r). Chaos behavior was observed for heave, and pitch responses as well as the cushion pressure.
A Diagnostic for Seasonality Based Upon Polynomial Roots of ARMA Models
Authors: McElroy Tucker
Published: June 2021

Methodology for seasonality diagnostics is extremely important for statistical agencies, because such tools are necessary for making decisions whether to seasonally adjust a given series, and whether such an adjustment is adequate. This methodology must be statistical, in order to furnish quantification of Type I and II errors, and also to provide understanding about the requisite assumptions. We connect the concept of seasonality to a mathematical definition regarding the oscillatory character of the moving average (MA) representation coefficients, and define a new seasonality diagnostic based on autoregressive (AR) roots. The diagnostic is able to assess different forms of seasonality: dynamic versus stable, of arbitrary seasonal periods, for both raw data and seasonally adjusted data. An extension of the AR diagnostic to an MA diagnostic allows for the detection of over-adjustment. Joint asymptotic results are provided for the diagnostics as they are applied to multiple seasonal frequencies, allowing for a global test of seasonality. We illustrate the method through simulation studies and several empirical examples.
Applying Machine Learning for Automatic Product Categorization
Authors: Roberson Andrea
Published: June 2021

Every five years, the U.S. Census Bureau conducts the Economic Census, the official count of US businesses and the most extensive collection of data related to business activity. Businesses, policymakers, governments and communities use Economic Census data for economic development, business decisions, and strategic planning. The Economic Census provides key inputs for economic measures such as the Gross Domestic Product and the Producer Price Index. The Economic Census requires businesses to fill out a lengthy questionnaire, including an extended section about the goods and services provided by the business.

To address the challenges of high respondent burden and low survey response rates, we devised a strategy to automatically classify goods and services based on product information provided by the business. We asked several businesses to provide a spreadsheet containing Universal Product Codes and associated text descriptions for the products they sell. We then used natural language processing to classify the products according to the North American Product Classification System. This novel strategy classified text with very high accuracy rates - our best algorithms surpassed over 90%.
Variance Estimation after Mass Imputation Based on Combined Administrative and Survey Data
Authors: Scholtus Sander , Daalmans Jacco
Published: June 2021

This article discusses methods for evaluating the variance of estimated frequency tables based on mass imputation. We consider a general set-up in which data may be available from both administrative sources and a sample survey. Mass imputation involves predicting the missing values of a target variable for the entire population. The motivating application for this article is the Dutch virtual population census, for which it has been proposed to use mass imputation to estimate tables involving educational attainment. We present a new analytical design-based variance estimator for a frequency table based on mass imputation. We also discuss a more general bootstrap method that can be used to estimate this variance. Both approaches are compared in a simulation study on artificial data and in an application to real data of the Dutch census of 2011.
Assessing and Adjusting Bias Due to Mixed-Mode in Aspect of Daily Life Survey
Authors: de Vitiis Claudia , Guandalini Alessio , Inglese Francesca , Terribili Marco D.
Published: June 2021

The mixed-mode (MM) designs are adopted by NSIs both to contrast declining response and coverage rates and to reduce the cost of the surveys. However, MM introduces several issues that must be addressed both at the design phase, by defining the best collection instruments to contain the measurement error, and at the estimation phase, by assessing and adjusting the mode effect. In the MM surveys, the mode effect refers to the introduction of bias effects on the estimate of the parameters of interest due to the difference in the selection and measurement errors specific to each mode. The switching of a survey from single to mixed-mode is a delicate operation: the accuracy of the estimates must be ensured in order to preserve their consistency and comparability over time. This work focuses on the methods chosen for the evaluation of the mode effect in the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) mixed-mode survey “Aspects of Daily Life – 2017”, in the experimental context for which an independent control single-mode (SM) PAPI sample was planned to assess the introduction of the sequential web/PAPI survey. The presented methods aim to analyze the causes that can determine significant differences in the estimates obtained with the SM and MM surveys.
A cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practices related to owls in central Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Ghulam Mustafa , Ali Mirza Habib , Butt Abida , Qadir Abdul
Published: June 2021

Owls are considered as dominant predators for control of rats and mice population in agricultural fields and presently their populations are continuously declining in Punjab, Pakistan. The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of people of rural and urban areas about the declining trend of owls. During this survey, more than 1600 people were asked to collect information regarding the owl populations from six localities including Faisalabad, Sialkot, Jhang, Lahore and Bahawalnagar. Four parameters were the major part of the questionnaire: familiarity, misconceptions, awareness about owls and their acceptance as a biological controlling agent. The results revealed that about 95% of people were familiar with owls in the agro-ecosystem. Only 15.6% of people thought that owls should be eliminated; 23.0% were of the opinion that owl’s presence in a locality leads to ruination; 33.3% agreed that the owls presence was a sign of bad omen; 41.8% considered them as signs of foolishness; 47.0% believed that owl’s body parts were used for black magic purposes. In contrast, 50% of people acknowledged that owls are beneficial to humans; 60.3% knew that owls are the enemies of rodents, 67.7% agreed that they are suppressors of rats and mice and 63.8% agreed that artificial nest boxes can serve as their nests and roosts. It was encouraging to know that 74.8% showed their willingness to enhance the owl’s population on their farms, and 74.0% were willing to permit the installation of nest boxes in or near the villages. The study of attitudes of respondents towards owl will help to develop an effective conservation strategy and to boost owl’s population in croplands for biological control of rats and mice.
The possible occurrence of cranial asymmetry in three harrier (Accipitridae: Circus) species
Authors: Pecsics Tibor , Marx András , Csörgő Tibor
Published: June 2021

The harriers (Accipitridae: Circus) represent a unique group of raptorial birds due to their hunting behaviour and their facial ruff and prominent facial disc. During previous studies it was suggested that harrier species may have other convergent features shared with owls like asymmetric or enlarged ear openings related to sensitive hearing capabilities. In this study, cranial asymmetry was done using SAGE (Symmetry and Asymmetry of Geometric Data) software. 32 skulls of 3 species (Western Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) n=8, Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus) n=10, Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) n=14) were photographed, digitized and assigned with 2D landmarks with TpsDig software. The variables were analysed based on Generalized Procrustes analysis. The morphometric data showed cranial asymmetry of harriers. This asymmetry should rather be explained by foraging strategies as the results are corresponding to the exceptionally good hearing of these species among diurnal raptors.
The wing phalanges (phalanx proximalis digiti majoris) of Gaviiformes, Podicipediformes, Pelecaniformes, Ardeiformes, Anseriformes, Gruiformes, Ralliformes, Charadriiformes and Galliformes
Authors: Kessler Jenő Eugen , Horváth Ida
Published: June 2021

The authors compared the first phalanx of the second wing-finger of 93 species belong to 9 order (Gaviiformes – 2 species, Podicipediformes – 4 species, Pelecaniformes – 4 species, Ardeiformes – 12 species, Anseriformes – 27 species, Gruiformes – 4 species, Ralliformes – 6 species, Charadriiformes – 25 species and Galliformes – 9 species). The importance of studying this bone lies in the fact that, although it has diagnosable characteristics, it was practically neglected by osteologists and paleontologists. Thus, fossil materials can be identified through them, as well as those from owl pellets. The comparison was made possible by the comparative avian skeleton collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. The text is supplemented by 10 figures and 1 table.
Synthesis of Short-Cut DCF Appraisal and Spreadsheet Iteration of Freehold Rental Growth Rates Across Specific Valuation Epochs
Authors: Ataguba Joseph Obaje
Published: June 2021

While the use of simple deterministic models to calculate rental value growth (RVGrowth) rate of reversionary freeholds across epochs prior to upward rent review appears illusive, literature evidence of the synthesis between short-cut DCF valuation and Solver tools in a spreadsheet does not constitute an exhaustive list of solutions. This study examined alternative spreadsheet and iteration tools that can determine RVGrowth rate of freehold investment properties across rent review epochs. With recourse to a hypothetical case of a freehold investment property, this experimental study identified the mathematical composition of RVGrowth in an explicit DCF framework, performed short-cut DCF Valuation and equivalent yield calculation at specific epochs prior to and including the full reversion; as well as using Goal Seek to calculate RVGrowth across all epochs prior to- and including the full reversion. Excel® Solver and Goal Seek, as well as the graphing/root-solving tool in Kyplot® were found to feasibly produce identical results for RVGrowth rate. This is among the limited studies that identified and researched the veracity of alternative tools for RVGrowth rate iteration. The value of this study is the awareness of alternative analytical tools avail freehold investors who desire knowledge of RVGrowth rate when making purchase-, hold-, and sales decisions.
Housing Tenure Preferences among Students from Two Polish Universities
Authors: Rubaszek Michał , Rubaszek Justyna
Published: June 2021

The housing rental market in Poland is underdeveloped and tilted towards temporary tenants, usually students and immigrants. To explore the flaws in the functioning of this market, we conduct a survey among 315 students from two Polish universities. We find that renting is not only perceived as a more expensive form of satisfying housing needs, but decreases satisfaction from utilizing the occupied house due to non-financial factors. Moreover, the perception of the relative advantages of owning versus renting is, to some extent, affected by flawed economic reasoning. Building on the above results, we discuss what policies could increase the demand for residential rental housing.
The effects of education-job (mis)match on the earnings of graduates in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sedláček Jan , Zelenka Martin
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the effects of education-job (mis)match on the earnings of higher education graduates in the context of higher education expansion and different phases of the economic cycle in the Czech Republic in 2006–2018. It aims to contribute to knowledge about the effects of education-job (mis)match on earnings in two ways. First, it concentrates on both the vertical and the horizontal dimensions of education-job (mis)match. Second, it considers the effects of contextual variables: the share of graduates in the population and the unemployment rate of graduates. The paper is based on assumptions derived from assignment theory. The authors use data of graduates’ self-evaluation collected in national and international graduate surveys – REFLEX, REFLEX 2010, REFLEX 2013, and Absolvent 2018. The data for contextual variables come from Eurostat and the Czech Statistical Office. The analyses focus on graduates four to five years after graduation. They are examined both as a whole and in groups based on the field of study using the method of weighted least squares. Overeducation usually has significant negative effects on earnings. Horizontal match effects are contradictory. The education-job (mis)match effects are relatively small in comparison with other factors. The role of contextual variables is mostly predictable, however, some exceptions uncover specifics of the labour market in the Czech Republic. There are important differences among groups of graduates in different fields of study.
Current Implementation of the Circular Economy in Enterprises in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ungerman Otakar , Dědková Jaroslava
Published: June 2021

The subject of this paper is the contemporary use of the circular economy in business practice. The topicality of this theme was the reason for resolving the main objectives, which were to determine how enterprises in the Czech Republic are currently involved in the circular economy. The authors focused on empirical research, the methodological framework of which contains three interrelated parts. The basis was secondary research from scientific databases, which was followed up by the primary research. The objects of the primary research were based on three research questions, which were focused on the use of standardised environmental activities, the identification of tools of the circular economy and determining their importance. The research was evaluated using the methods of content analysis, descriptive and inductive statistics. The research showed that 71 % of enterprises present themselves as taking an active approach to the environment beyond the scope of the statutory obligations. Enterprises then make most use of regulatory tools such as the ISO 14001 standard or Ecodesign. An in-depth interview was used to identify sixteen tools of the circular economy as they are perceived by enterprises. When assessing importance, the highest rated tool was reducing energy consumption in production, waste from production, the consumption of materials, emissions and minimization of waste. Statistically significant differences were also identified with these tools. The research showed that the circular economy is most used in automotive industry enterprise.
Cross-transferability-based identification and validation of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in oaks of western Himalayas
Authors: Shekhar Chander , Rawat Anita , Bhandari Maneesh S. , Barthwal Santan , Ginwal Harish S. , Meena Rajendra K.
Published: June 2021

Cross-amplification is a cost-effective method to extend the applicability of SSR markers to closely related taxa which lack their own sequence information. In the present study, 35 SSR markers developed in four oak species of Europe, North America and Asia were selected and screened in five species of the western Himalayas. Fifteen markers were successfully amplified in Quercus semecarpifolia, followed by 11 each in Q. floribunda and Q. leucotrichophora, 10 in Q. glauca, and 9 in Q. lana-ta. Except two primer pairs in Q. semecarpifolia, all were found to be polymorphic. Most of the positively cross-amplified SSRs were derived from the Asian oak, Q. mongolica. The genoty-ping of 10 individuals of each species with positively cross-amplified SSRs displayed varied levels of polymorphism in the five target oak species, viz., QmC00419 was most polymorphic in Q. floribunda, QmC00716 in Q. glauca and Q. lanata, QmC01368 in Q. leucotrichophora, and QmC02269 in Q. semecarpifolia. Among five oak species, the highest gene diversity was depicted in Q. lanata and Q. semecarpifolia with expected heterozygosity (He = 0.72), while the minimum was recorded for Q. leucotrichophora and Q. glauca (He = 0.65). The SSRs validated here provide a valuable resource to carry out further population genetic analysis in oaks of the western Himalayas.
A case of chronic asymptomatic hypercalcemia in an individual with insulin resistance syndrome
Authors: Roy Neil , Rosas Sylvia
Published: June 2021

Background:

Calcium, the major inorganic component in bone, plays an important role in insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is essential in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Case Presentation:

We present a case of chronic asymptomatic hypercalcemia in an individual with NASH, PCOS, and DM. She was noted to have a serum calcium of 12.8 mg/dl and a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of 4.7 in the last 2 years. Almost all other causes of hypercalcemia were ruled out. The patient was treated conservatively and advised to avoid factors that can aggravate hypercalcemia.

Conclusion:

The insulin effect on calcium homeostasis is impaired in conditions of insulin resistance. There is increasing evidence of the association between hypercalcemia and insulin resistance. However, it remains a diagnosis of exclusion.
Performance Study of Tube Settlers in Removing Low Turbidity From The Tigris River Water Using a Bench Scale Model
Authors: Shihab Abdulmuhsin S. , Ahmad Aladdin M.
Published: June 2021

The current research aims to evaluate the efficiency of tube settlers in removing low turbidity of Tigris River water in Mosul city, then comparing the results with the conventional settler. Laboratory model for tube settler is designed and manufactured for conducting the experiments. The model consists of a coagulation and flocculation basin containing a mixer. This basin is connected with water fixing level basin which is used to obtain a uniform flow in the model. This basin is followed by another one which is called pre-tube settler basin. After that came the tube settler unit. It consists from 4 tubes of square section and 4 x 4 cm2 in dimension and manufactured at five levels of inclination angle: 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 degrees. These tubes are manufactured at 40 cm in length and their length can be increased by connecting additional pieces with a length of 20 cm to obtain the studied length levels: 60, 80, 100 and 120 cm. Alum is added as a coagulant with six levels at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25mg/L. At the same time, another model was designed and manufactured for conventional settler from glass for making experiments parallel to the tube settler and compare the results between them. The initial turbidity of raw water ranged from 20-29 NTU during the study period. Turbidity removal percent was used as an indicator of tube settler efficiency. The highest turbidity removal percent reached 80.53% with an effluent turbidity of 5.1 NTU at 120 cm length,15 mg/L alum dose and 60° inclination angle. The results showed an increase in turbidity removal percent with increasing the tube length at all levels of the inclination angle and alum dose. The tube settler exceeds the conventional one by 20-30% in removing percent of low turbidity within the range of 20-29 NTU of the Tigris River water. Additionally, the short detention time of tube settlers compared with the conventional one can be utilized to increase the production of the plant. This can be achieved by installing modular tube settler units in the sedimentation tanks of the old water treatment plants.
The unprecedented epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis in India: III. Antifungal resistance and treatment options
Authors: Verma Shyam B. , Panda Saumya , Nenoff Pietro , Singal Archana , Rudramurthy Shivprakash M. , Uhrlass Silke , Das Anupam , Bisherwal Kavita , Shaw Dipika , Vasani Resham
Published: June 2021

One of the canonical features of the current outbreak of dermatophytosis in India is its unresponsiveness to treatment in majority of cases. Though there appears to be discordance betweenin vivoandin vitroresistance, demonstration ofin vitroresistance of dermatophytes to antifungals by antifungal susceptibility testing is essential as it may help in appropriate management. The practical problem in the interpretation of antifungal susceptibility testing is the absence of clinical breakpoints and epidemiologic cutoff values. In their absence, evaluation of the upper limit of a minimal inhibitory concentration of wild type isolates may be beneficial for managing dermatophytosis and monitoring the emergence of isolates with reduced susceptibility. In the current scenario, most of the cases are unresponsive to standard dosages and duration of treatment recommended until now. This has resulted in many ex-cathedra modalities of treatment that are being pursued without any evidence. There is an urgent need to carry out methodical research to develop an evidence base to formulate a rational management approach in the current scenario.
Evaluation of the mobile applications efficiency in compliance control in patients with glaucoma
Authors:   Central polyclinic of JSC «UZBEKISTAN RAILWAYS», Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Abulkasimova K.K.
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Our aim was adaptation and assessment of the efficiency of the method for monitoring and improving compliance in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma by the means of a mobile application. Material and methods. For this purpose, a prospective study of the dynamics of the glaucoma process included fifty patients (main group) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In this group, an intervention was carried out in the form of the mobile application «Eye Drop Reminder Lite 1.8». Thirty patients with POAG of a similar gender and age group, who did not undergo intervention in the form of a mobile application, constituted the control group. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 based on the Central Polyclinic of JSC «UZBEKISTAN RAILWAYS» in Tashkent. Observation over the patients was made within two examination periods: first visit and after two years. Patients' adherence during treatment was assessed by using a modified clinical and psychological test method – the Morisky-Green compliance scale. All questions were adapted by us considering the specifics of glaucoma. Results. The results of the study showed that implementation of the compliance improvement method in the form of mobile application «Eye Drop Reminder Lite 1.8» in patients with POAG made it possible to increase the proportion of compliant patients by 34%, achieve stabilization of the glaucomatous process and increase the average number of planned visits to an ophthalmologist in an outpatient facility. Conclusion. Thus, we can conclude that the mobile application allowed not only to improve compliance, but also to increase the interest and alertness of patients about their condition. Key words: glaucoma; compliance; method of improving compliance; mobile applications.
Why does an ophthalmologist wear glasses?
Authors:   FBEI HE «Kuban State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Voskanyan L.S. , Zverova I.V. ,   FBEI HE «Kuban State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Mirgorodskaya M.E. ,   FBEI HE «Kuban State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the reasons for the personal use of vision correction tools by ophthalmologists and the importance of vision for the specialty. Materials and methods. An anonymous online survey was conducted, which was attended by 122 respondents, including 111 ophthalmologists. Results. The visual acuity of two eyes without correction among the respondents was 1.0 and higher in 51 people. The maximum corrected visual acuity with two eyes was: 1.0 and higher in 79 respondents; less than 1.0 to 0.7 inclusive in 12 (those who refrained from answering the question had uncorrected visual acuity of 1.0 and higher). More than half of the respondents (56) suffer from myopia. Among the respondents, 53 use point correction. Of the spectacle lenses, ophthalmologists prefer plastic ones more. 36 respondents use contact correction. Surgical interventions on the organ of vision were performed in 12 patients. All respondents noted that they do not have cataracts, glaucoma, diseases of the optic nerve and color perception disorders. The choice of specialty did not depend on the existing diseases of the visual organ in 101 doctors, 9 people noted the connection between the previous pathologies of the visual organ with the subsequent choice of profession. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, it is possible to note the high maximum corrected visual acuity of ophthalmologists. Despite this, some respondents experience inconveniences at work related to visual impairments. For themselves, ophthalmologists often choose eyeglass correction instead of contact. And of the spectacle lenses, they prefer plastic ones more. The reasons for the use of glasses or contact correction among doctors of this specialty are increased requirements for the quality of vision. Key words: ophthalmologist, myopia, vision, glasses.
Prismatic stage of treatment of patients in acute acquired esotropia with diplopia
Authors:   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC «Eye Microsurgery» FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Gladysheva G.V. , Plisov I.L. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC «Eye Microsurgery» FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Antsiferova N.G. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC «Eye Microsurgery» FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Mamulat D.R. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC «Eye Microsurgery» FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Belousova K.A. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC «Eye Microsurgery» FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch, Sharokhin M.A. ,   S.N. Fyodorov IRTC «Eye Microsurgery» FSAI of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Branch
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To analyze changes in binocular vision functions in patients with acutely acquired esotropia after preoperative correction by prisms. Material and methods. The study included 10 patients with acutely acquired esotropia with diplopia. Depending on the tactics of preoperative case management, two groups were distinguished: 1 - 5 patients, this group underwent preoperative prismatic correction of diplopia and the deviation angle, 2 - 5 patients, in this group underwent surgery without prior prismatic correction. Fresnel prisms were used to select and assign prismatic correction. The patients were monitored dynamically. Results. In the course of treatment 1 group according to the indicator of Worth's four-dot test color test, revealed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of value of the binocular single vision (p=0.041), the frequency of the presence of stereovision according to the Fly-test (p=0.013). Conclusion. Prismatic correction in combination with surgical treatment had better curative benefits than surgery itself in improving binocular and stereoscopic visual functions. Key words: acutely acquired esotropia, binocular vision, Fresnel prisms.
New approach to surgical treatment of primary progressive pterygium
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Bochkareva A.N. , Kolenko O.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Egorov V.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Smoliakova G.P. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Banshchikov P.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To evaluate effectiveness of new method of barrier amnioplasty in surgical treatment of primary progressive pterygium. Material and methods. The study included 64 patients (64 eyes) with primary progressive pterygium. All patients were divided into two groups depending on method of barrier amnioplasty. The main group consisted of 32 people (32 eyes) who underwent barrier amnioplasty in the area of initial growth of pterygium. The control group consisted of 32 patients (32 eyes) who underwent barrier amnioplasty in the limbus area. The main criterions for clinical efficacy of surgical treatment of pterygium was dynamics of the wound process, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the osmolarity of the tear fluid in the compared groups. Also, after 1 year, the frequency of pterygium recurrence was assessed. In addition to standard ophthalmological examinations, special methods were used in the work: determination of the osmolarity of the tear fluid, pH of tears, cytological assessment of the wound process, and also assessed the OSDI. Results. The results of pH-metric, osmometric, cytological studies have provided evidence of the ability of the anatomical and topographic approach described by us to positively influence the course of inflammatory and reparative processes in the operation area, preventing the development of recurrent pterygium and cicatricial deformities. Conclusion. A new effective method of surgical treatment of primary progressive pterygium, including moving the area of the barrier amnioplasty from the limbus area to the area of initial growth of blood vessels of pterygium - the area of the lunate fold, has been developed and introduced into clinical practice. Key words: pterygium, inflammatory and reparative processes, recurrence.