bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Cinnamon Shops” 1963
Authors: Ziemann Zofia
Published: May 2020

The article presents the paratextual framing of the first English edition of Bruno Schulz’s short story collection: Cinnamon Shops and Other Stories, published in 1963 in London by McGibbon & Kee. It describes the book cover and blurb, and offers a brief commentary on Celina Wieniewska’s Translator’s Preface, setting it in the context of its time. Naive and error-ridden as it seems today, Wieniewska’s short introduction, largely based on Jerzy Ficowski’s early findings, reflects the state of knowledge about Schulz prior to the development of Schulz Studies as we know it, and it is worth scholarly attention as the first English-language text of this kind. Interestingly, despite being out of date, it has been reprinted without revision in almost all subsequent editions of Wieniewska’s translation, up until the most recent one, from 2012.
PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DI PERAIRAN MUARA BANYUASIN KAITANNYA DENGAN SEDIMENTASI
Authors: Barus Beta Susanto , Pratama M. Andrian Putra , Putri Wike Ayu Eka
Published: May 2020

Perairan muara Sungai Banyuasin merupakan salah satu perairan muara sungai yang dipengaruhi oleh proses sedimentasi. Perairan ini mendapatkan pengaruh besar dari masukan daratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan garis pantai di Perairan Muara Banyuasin, Sumatera  Selatan yang dikaitkan dengan karakteristik sedimen dan laju sedimentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2018 dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan memasang sedimen trap selama 14 hari. Sampel diambil 1 kali dalam 1 minggu kemudian dihitung laju akumulasi sedimen. Analisis perubahan garis pantai dilakukan menggunakan pengolahan data citra dengan rentang waktu 5 tahun  menggunakan software ErMapper  7.0. Hasil pengolahan data citra dibahas secara deskriptif dengan laju sedimentasi dan karakteristik sedimen pada daerah penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik sedimen yang mendominasi adalah dominan lempung dan lumpur dengan laju akumulasi sedimen berkisar antara 2,06 kg/m2/hari-6,55 kg/m2/hari. Perairan muara Sungai Banyuasin mengalami perubahan garis pantai berupa sedimentasi dan abrasi. Sedimentasi terjadi pada 6 stasiun sedangkan abrasi terjadi pada 2 stasiun. Perubahan garis pantai berkisar ±33 m-±322 m. Stasiun yang mengalami perubahan garis pantai tinggi dicirikan oleh laju sedimentasi yang tinggi dan berjenis substrat dominan lebih halus (lempung berlanau). Sedangkan daerah yang mengalami perubahan garis pantai rendah memiliki laju sedimentasi rendah dengan tipe substrat yang lebih kasar (lempung berpasir).
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH DELIMA (Punica granatum L.) DALAM FORMULASI SEDIAAN LIP BALM
Authors: Nazliniwaty Nazliniwaty
Published: May 2020

Lip balm merupakan pelembab yang berfungsi untuk melembabkan bibir agar tidak mudah kering dan pecah-pecah. Kulit delima kaya akan flavonoid, asam fenolat, dan tanin yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasi sediaan pelembab bibir menggunakan ekstrak kulit buah delima dan menentukan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memberikan efek melembabkan. Kulit buah delima dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak kulit buah delima dengan konsentrasi 2,5; 5; 7,5; dan 10%, diformulasikan dalam dasar lip balm. Pengujian  terhadap  sediaan  lip balm  meliputi  uji  homogenitas, pengukuran  pH, uji  iritasi  dan  uji  stabilitas  sediaan  dengan parameter  seperti  bau, warna dan pH selama penyimpanan 12 minggu. Pengujian kemampuan sediaan untuk melembabkan menggunakan alat pemeriksa kelembaban dalam perangkat skin analyzer selama perawatan 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa semua sediaan lip balm homogen, memiliki pH 5,6-6,1 stabil selama penyimpanan 12 minggu, dan tidak mengiritasi. Sediaan lip balm ekstrak kulit buah  delima  dengan  konsentrasi 10% dapat  memberikan efek melembabkan bibir paling baik  yang  mampu  memulihkan  kulit bibir setelah  4  minggu pemakaian. Hasil  penelitian  disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah delima dapat diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan lip balm dan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 10% mampu memberikan efek melembabkan bibir setelah 4 minggu pemakaian.
FORECASTING USES DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD AND FORECASTING VERIFICATION USES TRACKING SIGNAL CONTROL CHART (CASE STUDY: IHK DATA OF EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE)
Authors: Habsari Humairo Dyah Puji , Purnamasari Ika , Yuniarti Desi
Published: May 2020

Abstrak

Peramalan merupakan suatu teknik untuk memperkirakan suatu nilai pada masa yang akan datang dengan memperhatikan data masa lalu maupun data saat ini. Data yang menunjukan suatu trend, cocok dengan metode peramalan double exponential smoothing dari Brown atau metode double exponential smoothing dari Holt. Peramalan metode double exponential smoothing pada penelitian ini diaplikasikan pada data IHK Provinsi Kalimantan Timur periode Bulan Januari Tahun 2016 hingga Bulan Februari Tahun 2019 yang berpola trend. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh hasil perbandingan akurasi metode peramalan double exponential smoothing berdasarkan nilai MAPE terkecil, memperoleh hasil verifikasi metode peramalan double exponential smoothing terbaik berdasarkan grafik pengendali tracking signal, dan memperoleh hasil peramalan menggunakan metode double exponential smoothing terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode peramalan terbaik adalah metode double exponential smoothing dari Holt dengan parameter  dan berdasarkan nilai MAPE terkecil sebesar 0,361% dan nilai tracking signal yang keseluruhan terkendali pada grafik pengendali tracking signal.

 

Kata kunci: Double Exponential Smoothing, IHK, MAPE, Tracking signal.

 

Abstract

Forecasting is a technique for estimating a value in the future by looking at past and current data. Data that shows a trend, matches the Brown’s  exponential smoothing forecasting method or Holt's double exponential smoothing method. Forecasting of double exponential smoothing method in this study was applied to the IHK data of East Kalimantan Province for the period of January 2016 to February of 2019 which has a trend pattern. The purpose of this study was to obtain the results of the accuracy comparison of the double exponential smoothing forecasting method based on the smallest MAPE value, obtain the best verification results of the double exponential smoothing forecasting method based on tracking signal control charts, and obtain the best forecasting results using the double exponential smoothing method. The results showed that the best forecasting method was Holt's double exponential smoothing method with parameters  and based on the smallest MAPE value of 0.361% and the overall tracking signal value was controlled on the tracking signal control chart. 

Keywords: Double Exponential Smoothing , IHK, MAPE, Tracking signal.
PENDEKATAN GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED ZERO INFLATED POISSON REGRESSION (GWZIPR) DENGAN PEMBOBOT FIXED BISQUARE KERNEL PADA KASUS DIFTERI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ismah Ismah , Sumertajaya I Made , Djuraidah Anik , Fitrianto Anwar
Published: May 2020

Jumlah kematian orang akibat penyakit difteri merupakan data cacahan dan muncul keberadaan nol yang cukup banyak (excess zeros). Selain itu data penyebaran penyakit pada umumnya berorientasi pada geografis atau diamati di setiap wilayah tertentu, yang merupakan jenis data spasial. Geographically Weighted Zero Inflated Poisson Regression (GWZIPR), sebagai pengembangan dari model Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) dan Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) akan digunakan sebagai model dalam mengolah data difteri tingkat provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2018, dengan variabel bebasnya yaitu persentase jumlah kasus difteri (X1), persentase jumlah yang divaksinasi (X2) dan persentase jumlah penduduk (X3) di setiap provinsi di Indonesia. Pendugaan parameter model menggunakan metode maximum likelihood estimation. Sedangkan fungsi pembobot yang digunakan fixed bisquare kernel. Data diolah menggunakan software R packages lctools. Hasil penelitian diperoleh jika pada model melibatkan ketiga variabel bebas maka pengaruh ketiga variabel bebas tersebut terhadap jumlah kematian orang akibat difteri tidak signifikan. Hal ini disebabkan terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan antar variabel bebas, sehingga apabila model tidak melibatkan variabel persentase jumlah (kepadatan) penduduk, persentase jumlah orang yang divaksinasi mempengaruhi jumlah kematian orang yang disebabkan oleh penyakit difteri secara signifikan di suatu wilayah. Sehingga pemberian vaksin imunisasi dapat mengurangi jumlah kematian yang diakibatkan oleh penyakit difteri.
ANALISIS KESTABILAN MODEL PENYEBARAN PENGGUNA NARKOBA DENGAN FAKTOR EDUKASI
Authors: Husain Moh Rizal , Nurwan Nurwan , Resmawan Resmawan
Published: May 2020

Pada artikel ini dipelajari analisis dinamika model penyebaran pengguna narkoba dengan faktor edukasi. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh dua titik kesetimbangan, yaitu titik kesetimbangan bebas narkoba dan titik kesetimbangan endemik narkoba. Selanjutnya bilangan reproduksi dasar ( ) sebagai nilai harapan terjadinya infeksi per satuan waktu ditentukan menggunakan pendekatan Next Generation Matrix. Berdasarkan simulasi, diperoleh setiap populasi stabil di sekitar titik kesetimbangan bebas narkoba pada kondisi , artinya jumlah populasi pengguna narkoba akan berkurang dan dalam jangka waktu tertentu akan menghilang, dan stabil di sekitar titik kesetimbangan endemik narkoba pada kondisi , artinya jumlah populasi pengguna narkoba akan terus bertambah sehingga terjadi penyebaran narkoba. Dari simulasi diperoleh bahwa semakin besar laju edukasi, semakin bertambah jumlah populasi rentan dengan edukasi dan mengakibatkan jumlah populasi rentan tanpa edukasi semakin berkurang.
PERAMALAN TRANSAKSI PEMBAYARAN NON-TUNAI MENGGUNAKAN ARIMAX-ANN DENGAN KONFIGURASI KALENDER
Authors: Putera Muhammad Luthfi Setiarno
Published: May 2020

Akses internet yang luas mendorong kian seringnya sistem pembayaran non-tunai digunakan. Di Indonesia, berbagai aktivitas dan transaksi ekonomi seringkali dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan kalender, terutama kalender Hijriyah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memodelkan dan meramalkan total pembayaran non-tunai di Indonesia dengan menambahkan konfigurasi kalender sebagai variabel. Digunakan metode ARIMA, ARIMAX dan hibrida ARIMAX-ANN yang akan dibandingkan akurasinya. Diperoleh model terbaik untuk peramalan jumlah pembayaran non-tunai adalah ARIMAX-ANN dengan RMSE terkecil, yaitu Rp 20,9 triliun. Spesifikasi model terbaik tersebut adalah ARIMAX(2,1,1) yang dihibrida dengan ANN yang inputnya diseleksi melalui regresi stepwise. Selain memenuhi asumsi galat yang identik, independen, dan berdistribusi normal, ARIMAX-ANN juga mampu mengikuti dinamika dan tren dari pembayaran non-tunai, khususnya pada bulan jatuhnya Idul Fitri dan periode akhir tahun.
Perangkat Teknologi Digital Sebagai Media Simulasi Try Out Di Tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Astuti Arin Yuli , Sari Dyah Mustika , Novawati Nunung Rohmatun
Published: May 2020

Today's digital technology is needed for daily needs. Everything that is processed and processed from resources can be solved with digital technology. Utilizing digital technology will save more costs than using it manually. In addition to downsizing the utilization of digital technology will also speed up the process and results of what is needed. The development of digital technology is currently very rapid, even from the world of education has implemented digital technology for learning. IT Ma'arif Bandar Pacitan Middle School is a private school that just took a computer-based exam in 2018. The test was carried out to join other schools. Ma'arif Bandar IT Middle School is a pilot private junior high school that has developed quite rapidly. However, due to lack of funds to have their own system, the try out practice exam still joins other schools. The researcher tries to make an application where students can run Try Out exams or practice exams independently. The research method for designing a tryout system is to use the Website Design Method (WSDM) method. The website design methodology was created to provide a systematic and scientific approach to website design. This application can later be used on computers or mobile phones. Utilization of digital technology using the Try Out application can benefit students and the school. In addition to using the official application from the government, the school and students can learn on their own by using this application.
K-Means Clustering Analysis pada PersebaranTingkat Pengangguran Kabupaten/Kota di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Akramunnisa Akramunnisa - , Fajriani Fajriani
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the distribution of districts in South Sulawesi based on unemployment rate using clustering analysis. The unemployment rate indicators are districts minimum wage (UMK) and human development index growth rate (IPM). The algorithm used in this study is k-means clustering. The results of k-means clustering analysis showed that of 24 districts in South Sulawesi are divided into two clusters, namely the high and low unemployment rate. The high employment rate cluster consists of 6 districts, namely Pangkep, Sidrap, Luwu Timur, Palopo, Parepare, and Makassar. The rest, 18 districts are in the low employment rate cluster.
Pemodelan Regresi Multivariat pada Penentuan Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kesejahteraan di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rahayu Santi Puteri , Aripin Ria Restu , Ahmad Imam Safawi
Published: May 2020

Kesejahteraan masyarakat merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan program-program pemerintah yang dapat dilihat dari pendapatan asli daerah, dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto. Tingkat kemakmuran masyarakat Jawa Tengah secara makro terus meningkat, hal ini tercermin dari PDRB per kapita yang meningkat dari dari 25,04 juta per tahun pada tahun 2013 secara bertahap menjadi 27,61 juta per tahun pada tahun 2014. Perekonomian Jawa Tengah terus tumbuh, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan laju pertumbuhan PDRB yang positif. Untuk memudahkan dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan dapat dilakukan analisis regresi multivariat. Variabel respon yang digunakan adalah pendapatan asli daerah dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, sedangkan variabel prediktor yang digunakan yaitu pajak daerah, belanja pegawai dan jumlah penduduk. Terdapat 12 Kabupaten/ Kota yang mempunyai Pendapatan Asli Daerah diatas rata-rata, 9 Kabupaten/Kota yang mempunyai Produk Domestik Regional Bruto diatas rata-rata, 6 Kabupaten/Kota yang mempunyai pajak daerah diatas rata-rata, 17 Kabupaten/Kota yang mempunyai belanja pegawai diatas rata-rata, dan 14 Kabupaten/Kota yang mempunyai jumlah penduduk diatas rata-rata. Berdasarkan uji signifkansi parameter secara parsial diperoleh variabel pajak daerah dan jumlah penduduk yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan asli daerah dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto. Hubungan antara variabel prediktor dan variabel respon dilihat dengan nilai Eta Square Lambda sebesar 98.45%. Ini berarti variabel-variabel prediktor yang meliputi pajak daerah dan jumlah penduduk dapat menjelaskan informasi dalam model regresi multivariat sebesar 98.45%.
Artistic Originality of the Komi Poet A. P. Razmyslov’s Creative Work
Authors: El'tsova Elena Vlasovna
Published: May 2020

This historical and literary study analyzes life and creative work of the Komi poet Ananiy Prokopievich Razmyslov (1915-1943). The paper aims to reveal artistic integrity of the writer’s creative work considered in biographical context, to identify specificity of poetics, the author’s individual style. The article presents traits of the poet’s creative portrait: milestones of his biography are described, the basic spheres of his activity in 1931-1942 are revealed. Scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that A. Razmyslov’s lyric is for the first time examined in the context of the Komi poetry of the XX-XXI centuries. The analysis has allowed drawing the following conclusions: the elegy genre prevails in the poet’s creative work; his lyrical hero is a romantic character who is in tune with the epoch; the poet’s image, his lyrics had a considerable impact on development of the Komi poetry.
Specificity of Graphic Design of A. P. Chekhov’s Book “Sakhalin Island”
Authors: Borisova Irina Mikhailovna , Provatorova Ol'ga Nikolaevna
Published: May 2020

The article for the first time examines specificity of graphic design of A. P. Chekhov’s book “Sakhalin Island”. The research objective involves identifying the graphic means used in the book and analyzing their functions. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the book’s graphic design has not been previously investigated. The conducted analysis allows identifying the following graphic means: italics, spacing, “feathering” and text graphic equivalent. Their functions are described taking into account a compositional peculiarity - the book is divided into basic text and “subtext” (notes, references). Special attention is paid to distribution of graphic means in the text. The following conclusions are justified: graphic means perform diversified functions that differ depending on a particular text layer, the book’s graphic design is closely associated with the writer’s storyline and compositional intention.
Category of Evaluation in the Russian Phraseology
Authors: Verzilova Arina Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2020

The study aims to identify specificity of the evaluation category representation in the Russian phraseology. Scientific originality of the paper involves studying the means to express evaluation by the material of the special lexico-grammatical category of predicative-evaluative phraseological units. The research findings justify the necessity to introduce new approaches to studying the linguistic category of evaluation. The author believes that emphasis should be given to the semantic analysis of the mentioned phraseological units taking into account their contextual usage.
Semantic Opposition “Truth - Lie” within the Dichotomy “God - Devil” (by the Material of Hagiographic Literature of the XV-XVII Centuries)
Authors: Pisar' Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

By the material of hagiographic literature of the XV-XVII centuries, the article examines the lexemes possessing the meanings “truth” and “lie”, which simultaneously are the means to represent the concepts GOD and DEVIL. The paper aims to reveal the influence of these semantic meanings on the formation of the conceptions of God and Devil. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author for the first time provides a comprehensive linguo-axiological analysis of the mentioned semantic opposition as a component of the dichotomy “God - Devil”. Hagiographical works of the XV-XVII centuries served as the research material. The research findings are as follows: the author identifies semantic peculiarities of lexemes - representatives of the concepts GOD and DEVIL, in which the semes “truth” and “lie” are presented either explicitly or implicitly, reveals a mechanism for the formation of the “God - Devil” opposition on the basis of the specific opposition “truth - lie”.
Temporal Adverbs in the Modern Khakass Language
Authors: Chugunekova Alena Nikolaevna
Published: May 2020

The research objective involves identification and analysis of primary (non-derived) temporal adverbs in the modern Khakass language. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the Khakass temporal adverbs have not been previously investigated. The conducted research allowed the author to trace etymology of temporal adverbs, to reveal their combinatorial peculiarities and word-formative potential. The analysed adverbs are characterized by morphological indivisibility and high compatibility with particles that impart additional shades of meaning to them.
Linguocultural Type “Lady” (by the Material of J. Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice”)
Authors: Danchuk Ol'ga Vasil'evna , Shakhmaeva Dar'ya Alekseevna
Published: May 2020

The article examines the content of the notion “linguocultural type” and methods for its modeling. The study aims to ascertain notional, figurative and value features of the “lady” type basing on J. Austen’s novel “Pride and Prejudice”. The research is novel in that it is the first to use this work of classical English literature as a source for studying the type. It was found that the modeled “lady” type is in fact important to the British linguoculture since its notional, figurative and value aspects are reflected in J. Austen’s piece of work.
Cluster Analysis as a Method of Studying Affixal Word Formation (by the Material of the English Language)
Authors: Dmitrieva Elizaveta Igorevna , Telegin Lev Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2020

The article discusses prospects of applying the cluster analysis to study affixal word formation in the modern English language. The paper aims to reveal principles of compatibility of prefixes and suffixes. Affixes are clustered according to five criteria. The pairs of closest clusters are identified. The practical part of the study is based on analysing derivative units, which include at least one affix with the meaning of quality. The research material was obtained from professional texts of the railway subject area.
Schwank Figurative Means as a Key to Understanding the Russian Germans’ Worldview
Authors: Drukarov Mikhail Evgen'evich
Published: May 2020

The paper considers specificity of figurative means in schwanks created by the Russian Germans as bearers of a special dialectal worldview. The study is based on theoretical provision of interrelation of the notions “language” and “worldview”. The author describes different types of worldviews, provides examples of the most frequent figurative means used in schwanks. Special attention is paid to identifying similarities and differences between the Russian Germans’ dialectal worldview and traditional Russian and German worldviews. Scientific originality of the study involves analysing schwank figurative means as the linguistic means that exert significant influence on formation and development of the Russian Germans’ world perception. The conclusion is made that the Russian Germans’ dialect and mentality, preserving their unique features, manifest a unique ability to co-exist in harmony with the foreign culture.
Poetics of the Symbol “Witch’s Hair” in Yu.V. Buida’s Story of the Same Name
Authors: Dedyukhina Ol'ga Vladimirovna
Published: May 2020

The article analyses poetics of the symbol “witch’s hair” in Yu. V. Buida’s story of the same name. The research objective is to study semantics of proper names, symbols and artistic details in the context of cultural tradition and the author’s worldview and to identify cases of contamination with the central symbol “witch’s hair”. Scientific originality of the paper involves revealing a symbol two-component structure, which promotes formation of the basic ideological antithesis “everyday life and existence”. The findings allow concluding that the leitmotif symbol “witch’s hair” arranges the story deepening its axiological problematics, contributing to the central idea about importance of preserving spiritual heritage in the modern world.
Oscar Wilde’s Colour Palette in the Novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” as Representation of the Author’s Aesthetic Worldview
Authors: Pavlenko Larisa Gennadievna , Savitskaya Anzhelika Nikolaevna
Published: May 2020

The article examines Oscar Wilde’s colour palette in his only novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray”. Interest in this problem is conditioned by colourfulness of the author’s language (63 colour lexemes), an essential feature of his individual style. The research objective includes identifying components of the writer’s chromatic worldview. The study indicated wide use of explicit and implicit metaphorical colour terms, the author’s original colour nominations. The novel’s chromatic field includes eleven micro-fields. The analysis of the colour terms usage helps to reveal the mechanism of the characters’ images creation and contributes to perceiving the author as a representative of the aesthetic trend.
Spanish Quantitative Adverbs in Author’s Idiolect (by the Material of the Novels of the XIX-XX Centuries)
Authors: Boichuk Elena Igorevna , Dzhonson Mariya Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2020

The article considers influence of quantitative adverbs frequency on the author’s idiolect formation. The paper tries to answer the question: to what extend adverbs frequency determines specificity of the author’s language. The objects of the research are the Spanish quantitative adverbs “mucho” , “poco” , “un poco” , “muy” , “demasiado” , “bastante” , “cuanto”. The research objective includes identifying specificity of their functioning in the XIX-century prose. The conducted analysis allows concluding about prevalence of the adverbs-intensifiers “mucho” and “muy” . The Spanish quantitative adverbs are for the first time examined from the viewpoint of the text attribution.
In Search of the Essential: Stories of the Writer and Journalist S. N. Makarova-Gritsenko in the Context of the Modern Russian Literature
Authors: Lebedinskaya Viktoriya Grigor'evna
Published: May 2020

The paper aims to reveal specificity of individual style of the talented modern writer and journalist S. N. Makarova-Gritsenko. The research material includes stories from the newly published collection “Navigator”. The researcher examines the basic themes, characterizes the personages and describes the original techniques used by the small prose writer. Scientific originality of the study involves analysing the “Navigator” cycle in the context of the modern Russian literature from the viewpoint of the writer’s philosophy and text linguistics. The research findings are as follows: the key problems of the writer’s stories are identified, components of the main and secondary personages’ images are described and peculiarities of the Krasnodar author’s individual style are revealed.
Usos potenciais da terra na antiguidade como alternativa às representações cartográficas dos solos existentes em Portugal. O caso da civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal)
Authors: Lacerda Sofia
Published: May 2020

Os Mapas de Uso Potencial da Terra são representações cartográficas que nos permitem refletir sobre os usos prováveis da terra na antiguidade. Não se devem confundir com a cartografia tradicional de solos, uma vez que, ao contrário desta, os Mapas de Uso Potencial da Terra são criados de forma a conter um valor histórico. Embora este tipo de cartografia permita a criação de diferentes cenários produtivos, enquadrados num determinado período, não significa que seja representativo da realidade, mas sim de uma possibilidade. Neste artigo apresentamos o caso concreto do Mapa de Usos Potenciais da Terra criado para parte do território da civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal).Ao mesmo tempo que pretendemos encorajar a criação e uso deste tipo de cartografia, consideramos importante mostrar os perigos que incorremos ao utilizarmos na investigação arqueológica a cartografia de solos atualmente disponível em Portugal.

Land evaluation in antiquity as an alternative to Portuguese soil representation. The case of civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal)Potential Land Use Maps are cartographic representations that allow us to think about the most probable land uses in the past. These maps shouldn’t be mistaken with the traditional soil cartography since those are created from an historical prespective. Although this kind of cartography allows the creation of different exploitation scenarios, integrated on a specific historical period, it should not be taken as a representative reality, but as a possibility. In this paper we present the case of civitas Igaeditanorum (Idanha-a-Velha, Portugal) Potential Land Use Map.At the same time, we intend to encourage the creation and use of these maps, as well as warn about the flaws that exist when we apply the traditional soil cartography available in Portugal.

Keywords: GIS, Cartography, Rural Landscape, Agrarian Archaeology
Optimalisasi Budaya Komunikasi ‘Sandi’ dalam Mengamankan Penyampaian Pesan di Lingkungan TNI AL
Authors: Fride Tumount , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: May 2020

Communication culture coding is one of the security processes for documents or messages that are confidential within the Navy. Through participant observation research, researchers found the fact that; (1). In the operation of coding operations today it is deemed necessary to optimize both the quality and quantity of manning personnel, coding organizations, the coding equipment used and the facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the demands of the development of the Navy organization both at the level of Pendirat or KRI. (2). External factors and internal factors greatly influence the implementation of optimization of encryption within the Navy, so that the Navy is deemed necessary to cooperate with the State Coding Agency and the TNI Strategic Intelligence Agency as well as the Army AD coding as well as the Air Force coding (3). Coding Communication Culture, can be used as a tool of national unity and unity, and avoid conflicts between groups. Thus the Indonesian Navy's encoding communication culture is a symbolic communication model that needs to be preserved and can be an example of effective communication for national unity because it reduces disputes and differences of opinion due to the influence of hoaxes. Keywords: Communication, Symbols, Passwords, Messages, Indonesian Navy
Adultos mayores población vulnerable en México: una aproximación multivariada
Authors: Pavón-León Patricia , Martínez Armando J. , Gutiérrez-Alba Gaudencio , Armenta-Arellano Sealtiel
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Determinar la contribución de las variables socioeconómicas, estilo de vida, carga de enfermedad y gasto bolsillo en salud integrando un perfil multivariado para tipificar a los adultos mayores que asisten a instituciones de salud públicas en México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico. Población de estudio, adultos mayores usuarios de la consulta externa de tres unidades médicas. Análisis estadístico, se utilizó técnica multivariada de componentes principales. Resultados. La ordenación multivariada integró cuatro grupos: Hombres jefes de familia y mujeres que no son jefes de familia, presentan estilos de vida malos, un gasto de bolsillo más alto, padecen varias enfermedades, nivel socioeconómico bajo y estaban casado y/o cohabitan con otras personas en el hogar. En cambio, los hombres que no son jefes de familia y las mujeres jefes de familia tienen mejores estilos de vida, su gasto de bolsillo es menor, nivel socioeconómico regular y son individuos que viven solos.
ESKİLERİN MASALLARI: KLASİK VE MODERN MİTOLOJİDEN POSTMODERN ANLATIYA DİN BİLİMLERİNDE MİTOLOJİ
Authors: METE Duygu
Published: May 2020

İnsanın kendi yaşamını, içinde bulunduğu evreni ve Tanrısal varlıklarla ilişkisini anlama ve anlamlandırmaya yönelik çabasının ürünü olarak nitelendirilebilen mitler, ait olduğu toplumun duygu, düşünce, inanç ve dünya görüşlerine ışık tutan önemli dinsel bir söylem türüdür. Bu yüzden hayata kattığı anlamla doğru orantılı olarak inananı olduğu sürece sosyal ve dinî hayattaki devamlılığını ve etkinliğini sürdüren mitler, tanrılar âlemi ve insan arasındaki ilişkiyi düzenlemesi ve devam ettirmesi dolayısıyla insanlık tarihi boyunca önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Din bilimleri alanı açısından bakıldığında ise bu alana bolca malzeme sunan mitlerin ortaya çıkışı din bilimcileri tarafından dil, toplum, kutsal fikri, tarih ve politika gibi çeşitli bağlamlarda izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Max Müller’in dil hastalığı tanımına karşın Mircea Eliade’nin kutsalla ilişkilendirerek açıkladığı mitler, postmodern döneme gelindiğinde kutsal düşüncesinden arındırı-larak sıradanlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, klasik dönemden postmodern çağa gelinceye kadar din bilimleri alanın-da mitolojinin yeri ve önemini, dinî alanla ilişkisini, insan hayatındaki işlevselliğini ve postmo-dern dönemde kazandığı yeni anlamları ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda konu, mitoloji alanında çalışmalarıyla ön plana çıkan din bilimcilerinin görüşleri ışığında ele alınmaktadır.
Client satisfaction as perceived by Architects and Civil Engineers
Authors: COŞKUN Hilmi , SANCAR Sezer
Published: May 2020

A construction project fulfills both the product design and the service provision functions. There are many stakeholders in these processes. Concurrence among the stakeholders surely affects the success of the project. The most important of the stakeholders is customer/client followed by architects and civil engineers. Both architects and civil engineers are involved in the design phase as well as in the execution phase. Customer/client satisfaction is usually considered one of the success criteria of the project. This criterion, however, is a subjective concept, about which tangible values cannot be easily placed, and is determined by perception at best. Whether this perception vary between civil engineers and architects depending on different criteria, is examined in this study. The results of the questionnaires were evaluated statistically. The agreed upon and the most important issues are working together and sharing information. The behavior of client/customer and qualification of employees are the factors that civil engineers and architects do not have the same views on client satisfaction.
Temporal monitoring of land use/land cover change in Kahramanmaraş city
Authors: ALİYAZICIOĞLU Kübra , BEKER Fatmanur , TOPALOĞLU R. Hale , BİLGİLİOĞLU B. Baha , ÇÖMERT Resul
Published: May 2020

Irregular urbanization causes problems such as decrease in fertile agricultural areas, irregular industrialization and urbanization. To provide a healthier life opportunity for future generations without disturbing nature, it is essential to determine the temporal changes in land use and to make land management plans accordingly. In this study, land use/land cover (LULC) change occurred in Kahramanmaras province within 30 years was investigated by remote sensing and integration of Geographic Information Systems. Landsat satellite images of 1988-1998-2008-2018 were obtained for the production of LULC maps. Each image was classified according to supervised classification approach using the support vector machines (SVMs) algorithms. The confusion matrix was created for each year to examine the accuracy of the LULC maps. The overall accuracy of the thematic maps was obtained as 91.76%, 93.56%, 86.89% and 88.29%, respectively. Also, Kappa values of thematic maps for each year were obtained as 0.88, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. When the results were examined, the development of industry in the city area and the construction of the airport contributed to the development of the social and economic structure of the city. The increase in the number of housing in the related regions has led to an increase in the amount of urban areas and a decrease in agricultural areas.
الظواهر الاجتماعية للتلقيح الاصطناعي إيجابيات و سلبياته
Authors: نوري محمد معن , مخلف حمد مطلك
Published: May 2020

أحدث التطور العلمي تقدما في كل نواحي الحياة وخاصةً في العلوم الطبية والتي اثرة في حياة الناس وقدمت لهم حلولاً لمشكلات في الزمن الماضي كانت مستعصية الحال ومن هذه الامور التلقيح الاصطناعي فيعتبر النسل من المصالح التي سعت اليها الشريعة الاسلامية لتحقيق وايجاد وحفظ كما يقول الامام الغزالي: (ومقصود الشرع من الخلق خمسة وهو: ان يحفظ عليهم دينهم ونفسهم وعقلهم ونسلهم ومالهم)([i])

ولا شك ان الولد ثمرة الفؤاد وهناء العيش فقد اجازة الشريعة الاسلامية التداوي من العقم وينضوي تحت المقصود الكلي لتحقيق وظيفة الخلافة في الارض واعمار الكون بالنفع وقد ادى التطور التقنية الطبية الى فتح ابواب جديدة لذلك جاء بحثنا (الظواهر الاجتماعية للتلقيح الاصطناعي إيجابياته وسلبياته) وقسم على اربعة مباحث وكما في ادناه:

المبحث الاول: تعريف التلقيح الاصطناعي والحكم الشرعي

المطلب الاول: التلقيح لغة واصطلاحاً

المطلب الثاني: ادلة التلقيح من الكتاب والسنة.

المطلب الثالث: اقسام التلقيح الاصطناعي.

المبحث الثاني: اقوال الفقهاء في التلقيح الاصطناعي والضوابط الشرعية

المطلب الاول: اقوال الفقهاء في التلقيح الاصطناعي

المطلب الثاني: الضوابط التي وضعها الفقهاء في التلقيح الاصطناعي

المبحث الثالث: ايجابيات وسلبيات التلقيح الاصطناعي

المطلب الاول: ايجابيات التلقيح الاصطناعي

المطلب الثاني: سلبيات التلقيح الاصطناعي

المبحث الرابع: التلقيح الاصطناعي والفتوى العامة.

ثم النتائج والخاتمة

 

[i] المستصفى، للغزالي: 1/ 172
الانحرافات المعاصرة في التفسير" القراءات الحداثية أنموذجا "
Authors: محمود مهدي العزاوي شاكر
Published: May 2020

للمشاركة في المؤتمر العلمي الدولي الثاني الموسوم (قضايا التعليم وتحدياته في ضل التطورات المعرفية والتكنولوجية المتسارعة) ضمن المحور الاول " علوم القران والتربية الاسلامية "

   الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين البحث عبارة عن بيان منهج الحداثيين في تفسير النص القرآني، وبيان ان هذا المنهج من المناهج الغالية في العقل وله توجهات ومغالطات كبيرة اذ تسعى هذه القراءات الى افراغ النص من محتواه، وانها تخالف القواعد العامة التي من خلالها نفهم القران الكريم

    لقد نزل القران الكريم لهداية الناس اجمعين ،وللأخذ بأيديهم الى سبيل النور المبين والصراط المستقيم ،ومن اجل ذلك كانت لغة هذا الذكر الحكيم بينة واضحة ومعربة عن مقاصد الوحي واغراض الرسالة

     ولقد لبث المسلمون دهرا طويلا يفهمون تلك المقاصد ،على هدي النبي الامين ،حتى نبتت في هذا العصر طائفة من بني جلدتنا ويتكلمون بلساننا بيد انهم من اهل الحداثة والتغريب ،تسوروا على اسرار القران ومعانيه السامية فذهبوا يقرؤون القران قراءة جديدة معاصرة ،تمسخ مفاهيمه ،وتعيد النظر في احكامه وتشريعاته ،اذ فسروا القران الكريم تفسيرا جديدا يجري في ركاب موضة العصر ويساير اخر صيحات النظريات اللسانية الغربية المعاصرة ،ومناهج مدارس تحليل الخطاب في العالم الغربي

     فطريقة هؤلاء القوم تفسير النصوص الشرعية بالتأويلات الفاسدة المتضمنة تكذيب الرسول صلى الله عليه وعلى اله وسلم فحسبهم بذلك بطلا  ، وقد صدق فيهم قول النبي صلى الله عليه وعلى اله وسلم « سَيَكُونُ في آخِرِ أُمَّتِى أُنَاسٌ يُحَدِّثُونَكُمْ مَا لَمْ تَسْمَعُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلاَ آبَاؤُكُمْ فَإِيَّاكُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ »  وفي لفظ اخر" يكون في آخر الزمان دجالون كذابون يأتونكم من الأحاديث بما لم تسمعوا أنتم ولا آباؤكم فإياكم وإياهم لا يضلونكم ولا يفتنونكم"

     وحرصنا منا ومواكبة مع محاور المؤتمر، ارتأينا ان نسلط الضوء على موضوع الحداثة والقراءات المعاصرة للنص القرآني لان هذه التفسيرات الحداثية تشكل هجمة شرسة على الثوابت اضافة الى ذلك فإنها تتعارض مع الضوابط العامة لفهم النص القرآني ، وهذه القراءات تقوم على اساس التأويل ،والتحريف لتمرير قناعاتهم الفكرية ،وتأصيل اجتهاداتها ارضاء للغرب وتزلفا له
اثر برنامج ارشادي في خفض السلوك التنمري وتنمية التنظيم الذاتي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية
Authors: Abdel Aziz Abdel Karim Nabil , Mohamed Fathi Saleh
Published: May 2020

يستهدف هذا البحث تعرف على: اثر برنامج الارشادي في خفض السلوك التنمري وتنمية التنظيم الذاتي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية, ويتحدد البحث الحالي بطلبة المرحلة الاعدادية(الصف الرابع الأدبي) في المدارس الحكومية الصباحية التابعة لمديرية تربية صلاح الدين للعام الدراسي(2018 -2019 ).

   ولتحقيق هدف البحث تم اختيار مدرستين احداهما للطلاب والأخرى للطالبات من مدارس مجتمع البحث بطريقة قصدية، وقد اختار الباحثان تصميماً ذا الضبط الجزئي ذي المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ذات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي, وتمت الاستعانة بالمدرسين والمدرسات في تحديد الطلبة الذين يعانون من مشكلة السلوك التنمري وضعف في التنظيم الذاتي وبلغ عددهم (60) طالبا وطالبة, ثم قام الباحثان ببناء مقياسين احدهما لقياس السلوك التنمري ولآخر لقياس تنمية التنظيم الذاتي, كما قاما ببناء برنامج ارشادي، ولغرض التثبت من إجراءات البحث ونتائجه استعمل الباحثان الحقيبة الاحصائية ( (spssوتوصل البحث الحالي إلى عدد من النتائج وتقدم الباحثان بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات .
الصحافة العراقية وقيم المجتمع المدني دراسة تحليلية لصفحة الرأي في جريدة الصباح للفترة من 1/1/2019 إلى 31/06/2019
Authors: عباس عبد الرزاق واثق
Published: May 2020

إن الحديث عن المجتمع المدني يرقى إلى الحديث عن المسيرة الإنسانية منذ انتقال البشر من مجتمع الصيد والرعي والزراعة إلى المجتمع الحضري ، وقد كثر الحديث عن المجتمع المدني منذ سبعينات القرن الماضي ، وذلك تعبيرا عن السعي الحثيث لتقوية النسيج الاجتماعي المعتمد على تعدد الأنشطة القائمة على أهداف مجتمعية يقوم بها أفراد المجتمع بصورة مستقلة عن تسلط وهيمنة الدولة .

          وينصرف المدلول الذي يشير إليه مصطلح (المجتمع المدني) اليوم إلى مجتمع متكامل في دولة عصرية أو في طريقها إلىأن تكون عصرية ، قادرة على التواصل بكفاءة مع الدول الأخرى ، وقادرة في الوقت عينه على تلبية الاحتياجات العصرية لمواطنيها ، وعلى جعلهم يشعرون بمقومات شخصيتهم ، بوصفهم أفرادا متميزين ولهم دور وحضور وكرامة وحريات وحقوق وعليهم واجبات ومسؤوليات ، ولهذا فان المجتمع المدني الحيوي هو الذي يتمكن أفراده من تكوين تجمعات تطوعية مستقلة عن نشاط الدولة وحركتها .

          ويواجه مصطلح (المجتمع المدني) شكوكاً شتى تمس الاستخدامات غير البريئة للمصطلح في بعض الحالات والبلدان فضلاً عن الظلال السياسية التي يلقيها إزاء موضوعات مثل تداول السلطة وكيفية انتقالها ، وأسلوب الحكم ، والحياة الديمقراطية بمفهومها العميق العام وبوصفها سلوكا أيضاً ، في ظل احترام حقوق الإنسانالأساسية وحرياته العامة ومكانته في الدولة والمجتمع ومسؤوليته عن الدولة والمجتمع .

 وما لا شك فيه إن هذه الشكوك ولدت إشكالية إزاء فهم المجتمع المدني ، وان هذه الإشكالية تصدرت إشكاليات الفكر العربي في العقدين الأخيرين ، لكنها مع ذلك تكاد تكون أكثر هذه الإشكاليات اختلاطا وضبابية ، أماأصل هذا الاختلاط  والالتباس فيرجع إلى انه لم يتم التعامل مع مفهوم المجتمع المدني بوصفه مفهوما حديثا نشأ وتكون مع ثورة الحداثة العلمية والتقنية والإنتاجية في الغرب ، متوافقا مع تحول غير مسبوق في الرؤى السياسية .

إن قيام الدولة الحديثة استوجب الحاجة إلى وجود تنظيمات اجتماعية متعددة الوظائف تخترق حدود الإطارات التقليدية وتستهدف بدرجة أساسية التعبير عن مصالح مجموعة كبيرة من الأفراد ، وهذه التنظيمات ولدتها الحاجة إلى ضرورة إحداث توازن في مقابل الدولة ذات الطبيعة التسلطية والاستبدادية بصرف النظر عن المدعيات الإيديولوجيةأوالإشكال التي استقرت فيها ، فمؤسسات المجتمع المدني تمثل مصالح مجموعات كبيرة من الأفراد وتوفر أيضاً ضمانة صلبة أمامتسلط الدولة وأجهزتها ، والدول التي تنشط فيها هذه المؤسسات تعد أكثر استقرارا وديمقراطية من الدول التي ما زالت تحسُ قيام المؤسسات المدنية غير الخاضعة لإشراف الدولة (أخطاراً)  ، محتملة ومصادر تهديد لوجود الدولة والمجتمع المدني السليم حدوده المواطنة التي تشكل هويته مثلما تحدد للفرد فيه ذاتاً مستقلة فالمجتمع المدني في ظل الولاءات القبلية والعشائرية والطائفية النافية للفرد كذات حقوقية مستقلة ، والمستبدة به من خلال أعرافها وقيمها المتخلفة والمحبطة لكل تطلع ديمقراطي خارج آطر العقل القبلي ، لا يمكن ان تقوم له قائمة.

          هذه الإرباكات والمعوقات هي التي وقفت ولا تزال تقف عائقا أمام نهوض المجتمع المدني في العالم العربي ، حيث يواجه الجميع مأزقاً حقيقياً ، وما لم يجر  تحول أساسي ، سياسي واقتصادي وتنموي وفق تصور شامل في بنية المجتمع العربي ، وعلى أساس ديمقراطي يفسح المجال أمام قواه الحية للعمل من دون قيود وضغوطات واكراهات ، فان هذا المجتمع يبقى ملغما بكل عوامل التفجير من الداخل  وسننتظر كثيرا قبل قيام مجتمع مدني حقيقي في المنطقة العربية المتنوعة.
The acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 ACSL6 is differentially expressed in the brains of patients with psychotic disorders.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2020

We compared the transcriptomes of one region of the brain and two types of neurons from the brains of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with that of non-affected control subjects using independent public or published microarray datasets (1-3) to understand how gene expression is most significantly different in brain tissues from patients with psychotic disorders. We found that the gene encoding the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6, ACSL6 (4-6), was among the genes whose expression was most different globally, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder, in the PV+ L3 neurons of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from patients with schizophrenia and in the deep pyramidal neurons of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. A region in the genome that spans the ACSL6 locus has been linked to the risk of development of schizophrenia in two populations (7-9). ACSL6 was not differentially expressed in the deep pyramidal neurons of two patients who were not being treated with antipsychotic medications when compared to controls, suggesting that at least for that cell type, ACSL6 differential expression was in part or in whole attributable to the effects of antipsychotic medications on the gene expression of neurons.
makalah penyakit menular-vania-XMIA3
Authors: Alwi Vania Amanda Putri
Published: May 2020

BAB IPENDAHULUANA. Latar Belakang Setiap manusia pernah mengalami sakit.Penyakit yang diderita oleh setiap makhluk berbeda satu dan yang lainnya.Sakit merupakan suatu keadaan dimana tubuh tidak berada pada kondisi normal yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor dari dalam maupun luar tubuh.Berdasarkan karakteristiknya penyakit dapat digolongkan menjadi 2 yaitu penyakit menular dan penyakit tidak menular.Penyakit menular mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih dari pemerintah dibanding dengan penyakit tidak menular.Penyakit menular adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, atau parasit yang dapat ditularkan melalui media tertentu.Penyakit menular sering juga disebut penyakit infeksi karena penyakit ini diderita melalui infeksi virus, bakteri, atau parasit yang ditularkan melalui berbagai macam media seperti udara, jarum suntik, transfusi darah, tempat makan atau minum, dan lain sebagainya (Vatimatunnimah, 2013).Penyakit menular merupakan hasil perpaduan berbagai faktor yang saling mempengaruhi.(Widoyono, 2008).Menurut (Vatimatunnimah, 2013) penyakit tidak menular adalah penyakit yang tidak disebabkan oleh kuman melainkan dikarenakan adanya masalah fisiologis atau metabolisme pada jaringan tubuh manusia. Penyakit menjadi salah satu Secara atronomis Indonesia terletak antara 6° Lintang Utara sampai 11° Lintang Selatan dan juga antara 95° Bujur Timur sampai 141° Bujur Timur. Oleh karena letak astronomis Indonesia merupakan daerah yang memiliki iklimtropis.Kondisi ini menyebabkan Indonesia memiliki dua musin yaitu penghujan dan kemarau.Masa peralihan dari musim kemarau ke musim penghujan ataupun sebaliknya disebut pancaroba.Pada masa ini banyak orang yang jatuh sakit.Banyak di antara mereka mengaku bahwa penyebabnya adalah daya tahan tubuh orang tersebut menurun karena belum siap menghadapi pergantian musim.Penyakit yang terjadi di daerah tropis dan subtropis yang umumnya berupa infeksi sering disebut sebagai penyakit tropis (Purnama, 2012). Penyakit tropis terbagi menjadi 4 macam, yaitu: infeksi oleh bakteri seperti deman tifoid, infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus seperti DBD, infeksi yang disebabkan oleh parasite seperti malaria, dan sindrom penyakit menular seperti ISPA (Sudiono, 2003). B. Identifikasi masalahDari latar belakang yang ada, dapat diidentifikasi masalah yang terjadi sebagai berikut :1.Penyakit menular yang ada di dunia2.Pandemi virus corona atau COVID-19C. Pembatasan masalah Makalah ini hanya membahas tentang jenis jenis penyakit yang dapat mmenular ke masyarakat serta proses muncul dan terjadinya COVID-19 di belahan dunia serta Indonesia.D. Rumusan masalahBerdasarkan latar belakang masalah, maka dapat dirumuskan masalah sebagai berikut:1.Apa saja jenis jenis penyakit menular yang menyerang manusia?2.Bagaimana proses dan penyebaran virus corona atau COVID—19 di seluruh dunia dan di Indonesia?E. Tujuan masalah1.Menjelaskan apa saja jenis jenis penyakit menular yang menyerang manusia.2.Menjelaskan proses dan menyebaran virus corona atau COVID-19.
Promoting social distancing in a pandemic: Beyond the good intentions
Authors: Falco Paolo , Zaccagni Sarah
Published: May 2020

Do reminders to promote social distancing achieve the desired effects? Much of the existing literature analyses impacts on people's intentions to comply. We run a randomised controlled trial in Denmark to test different versions of a reminder to stay home at the beginning of the crisis. Using a two-stage design, we follow up with recipients and analyse their subsequent behaviour. We find that the reminder increases ex-ante intentions to comply when it emphasises the consequences of non-compliance for the subjects themselves and their families, while it has no effect when the emphasis is on other people or the country as a whole. We also find, however, that impacts on intentions do not translate into equivalent impacts on actions. This is despite the possibility that respondents may tend to over-report compliance. Only people in poor health react to the reminder by staying home more. Our results shed light on important gaps between people's intentions and their actions in responding to the recommendations of health authorities.