bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Relational Practices in Water Governance Using a Game-Based Approach
Authors: Magnuszewski Piotr , Królikowska Karolina , Koch Anna , Pająk Michal , Allen Craig , Chraibi Victoria , Giri Anil , Haak Danielle , Hart Noelle , Hellman Michelle , Pan Donald , Rossman Nathan , Sendzimir Jan , Sliwinski Maggi , Stefańska Joanna , Taillieu Tharsi , Weide Denise , Zlatar Ilonka
Published: March 2018

The growing complexity and interdependence of water management processes requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders in water governance. Multi-party collaboration is increasingly vital at both the strategy development and implementation levels. Multi-party collaboration involves a process of joint decision-making among key stakeholders in a problem domain directed towards the future of that domain. However, the common goal is not present from the beginning; rather, the common goal emerges during the process of collaboration. Unfortunately, when the conflicting interests of different actors are at stake, the large majority of environmental multi-party efforts often do not reliably deliver sustainable improvements to policy and/or practice. One of the reasons for this, which has been long established by many case studies, is that social learning with a focus on relational practices is missing. The purpose of this paper is to present the design and initial results of a pilot study that utilized a game-based approach to explore the effects of relational practices on the effectiveness of water governance. This paper verifies the methods used by addressing the following question: are game mechanisms, protocols for facilitation and observation, the recording of decisions and results, and participant surveys adequate to reliably test hypotheses about behavioral decisions related to water governance? We used the “Lords of the Valley” (LOV) game, which focuses on the local-level management of a hypothetical river valley involving many stakeholders. We used an observation protocol to collect data on the quality of relational practices and compared this data with the quantitative outcomes achieved by participants in the game. In this pilot study, we ran the game three times with different groups of participants, and here we provide the outcomes within the context of verifying and improving the methods.
Robo-AO Kepler Survey. IV. The Effect of Nearby Stars on 3857 Planetary Candidate Systems
Authors: Ziegler Carl , Law Nicholas M. , Baranec Christoph , Riddle Reed , Duev Dmitry A. , Howard Ward , Jensen-Clem Rebecca , Kulkarni S. R. , Morton Tim , Salama Maïssa
Published: March 2018

We present the overall statistical results from the Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey, comprising of 3857 high-angular resolution observations of planetary candidate systems with Robo-AO, an automated laser adaptive optics system. These observations reveal previously unknown nearby stars blended with the planetary candidate host stars that alter the derived planetary radii or may be the source of an astrophysical false positive transit signal. In the first three papers in the survey, we detected 440 nearby stars around 3313 planetary candidate host stars. In this paper, we present observations of 532 planetary candidate host stars, detecting 94 companions around 88 stars; 84 of these companions have not previously been observed in high resolution. We also report 50 more-widely separated companions near 715 targets previously observed by Robo-AO. We derive corrected planetary radius estimates for the 814 planetary candidates in systems with a detected nearby star. If planetary candidates are equally likely to orbit the primary or secondary star, the radius estimates for planetary candidates in systems with likely bound nearby stars increase by a factor of 1.54, on average. We find that 35 previously believed rocky planet candidates are likely not rocky due to the presence of nearby stars. From the combined data sets from the complete Robo-AO KOI survey, we find that 14.5 ± 0.5% of planetary candidate hosts have a nearby star with 4″, while 1.2% have two nearby stars, and 0.08% have three. We find that 16% of Earth-sized, 13% of Neptune-sized, 14% of Saturn-sized, and 19% of Jupiter-sized planet candidates have detected nearby stars.
High Spectral Resolution SOFIA/EXES Observations of C2H2 toward Orion IRc2
Authors: Rangwala Naseem , Colgan Sean W. J. , Gal Romane Le , Acharyya Kinsuk , Huang Xinchuan , Lee Timothy J. , Herbst Eric , deWitt Curtis , Richter Matt , Boogert Adwin , McKelvey Mark
Published: March 2018

We present high spectral resolution observations from 12.96 to 13.33 microns toward Orion IRc2 using the mid-infrared spectrograph, Echelon-Cross-Echelle Spectrograph (EXES), at Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). These observations probe the physical and chemical conditions of the Orion hot core, which is sampled by a bright, compact, mid-infrared background continuum source in the region, IRc2. All 10 of the rovibrational C2H2 transitions expected in our spectral coverage are detected with high signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns), yielding continuous coverage of the R-branch lines from J = 9–8 to J = 18–17, including both ortho and para species. Eight of these rovibrational transitions are newly reported detections. The isotopologue, 13CCH2, is clearly detected with a high S/N. This enabled a direct measurement of the 12C/13C isotopic ratio for the Orion hot core of 14 ± 1 and an estimated maximum value of 21. We also detected several HCN rovibrational lines. The ortho and para C2H2 ladders are clearly separate, and tracing two different temperatures, 226 K and 164 K, respectively, with a non-equilibrium ortho to para ratio (OPR) of 1.7 ± 0.1. Additionally, the ortho and para V
LSR values differ by about 1.8 ± 0.2 km s−1, while the mean line widths differ by 0.7 ± 0.2 km s−1, suggesting that these species are not uniformly mixed along the line of sight to IRc2. We propose that the abnormally low C2H2 OPR could be a remnant from an earlier, colder phase, before the density enhancement (now the hot core) was impacted by shocks generated from an explosive event 500 years ago.
Deep Learning Based Solar Flare Forecasting Model. I. Results for Line-of-sight Magnetograms
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Huaning , Xu Long , Liu Jinfu , Li Rong , Dai Xinghua
Published: March 2018

Solar flares originate from the release of the energy stored in the magnetic field of solar active regions, the triggering mechanism for these flares, however, remains unknown. For this reason, the conventional solar flare forecast is essentially based on the statistic relationship between solar flares and measures extracted from observational data. In the current work, the deep learning method is applied to set up the solar flare forecasting model, in which forecasting patterns can be learned from line-of-sight magnetograms of solar active regions. In order to obtain a large amount of observational data to train the forecasting model and test its performance, a data set is created from line-of-sight magnetogarms of active regions observed by SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI from 1996 April to 2015 October and corresponding soft X-ray solar flares observed by GOES. The testing results of the forecasting model indicate that (1) the forecasting patterns can be automatically reached with the MDI data and they can also be applied to the HMI data; furthermore, these forecasting patterns are robust to the noise in the observational data; (2) the performance of the deep learning forecasting model is not sensitive to the given forecasting periods (6, 12, 24, or 48 hr); (3) the performance of the proposed forecasting model is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art flare forecasting models, even if the duration of the total magnetograms continuously spans 19.5 years. Case analyses demonstrate that the deep learning based solar flare forecasting model pays attention to areas with the magnetic polarity-inversion line or the strong magnetic field in magnetograms of active regions.
A 100 au Wide Bipolar Rotating Shell Emanating from the HH 212 Protostellar Disk: A Disk Wind?
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Codella Claudio , Ho Paul T. P. , Podio Linda , Hirano Naomi , Shang Hsien , Turner Neal J. , Zhang Qizhou
Published: March 2018

HH 212 is a Class 0 protostellar system found to host a “hamburger”-shaped dusty disk with a rotating disk atmosphere and a collimated SiO jet at a distance of ∼400 pc. Recently, a compact rotating outflow has been detected in SO and SO2 toward the center along the jet axis at ∼52 au (0.″13) resolution. Here we resolve the compact outflow into a small-scale wide-opening rotating outflow shell and a collimated jet, with the observations in the same S-bearing molecules at ∼16 au (0.″04) resolution. The collimated jet is aligned with the SiO jet, tracing the shock interactions in the jet. The wide-opening outflow shell is seen extending out from the inner disk around the SiO jet and has a width of ∼100 au. It is not only expanding away from the center, but also rotating around the jet axis. The specific angular momentum of the outflow shell is ∼40 au km s−1. Simple modeling of the observed kinematics suggests that the rotating outflow shell can trace either a disk wind or disk material pushed away by an unseen wind from the inner disk or protostar. We also resolve the disk atmosphere in the same S-bearing molecules, confirming the Keplerian rotation there.
The Mass and Absorption Columns of Galactic Gaseous Halos
Authors: Qu Zhijie , Bregman Joel N.
Published: March 2018

The galactic gaseous halo is a gas reservoir for the interstellar medium in the galaxy disk, supplying materials for star formation. We developed a gaseous halo model connecting the galaxy disk and the gaseous halo by assuming that the star formation rate on the disk is balanced by the radiative cooling rate of the gaseous halo, including stellar feedback. In addition to a single-temperature gaseous halo in collisional ionization equilibrium, we also consider the photoionization effect and a steady-state cooling model. Photoionization is important for modifying the ion distribution in low-mass galaxies and in the outskirts of massive galaxies due to the low densities. The multiphase cooling model dominates the region within the cooling radius, where t
cooling = t
Hubble. Our model reproduces most of the observed high ionization state ions for a wide range of galaxy masses (i.e., O vi, O vii, Ne viii, Mg x, and O viii). We find that the O vi column density has a narrow range around ≈1014 cm−2 for halo masses from M
⋆ ≈ 3 × 1010
M
⊙ to 6 × 1012
M
⊙, which is consistent with some but not all observational studies. For galaxies with halo masses ≲3 × 1011
M
⊙, photoionization produces most of the O vi, while for more massive galaxies, the O vi is from the medium that is cooling from higher temperatures. Fitting the Galactic (Milky-Way) O vii and O viii suggests a gaseous halo model where the metallicity is ≈0.55 Z
⊙ and the gaseous halo has a maximum temperature of ≈1.9 × 106 K. This gaseous halo model does not close the census of baryonic material within R
200.
Magnetorotational Instability in Eccentric Disks
Authors: Chan Chi-Ho , Krolik Julian H. , Piran Tsvi
Published: March 2018

Eccentric disks arise in such astrophysical contexts as tidal disruption events, but it is unknown whether the magnetorotational instability (MRI), which powers accretion in circular disks, operates in eccentric disks as well. We examine the linear evolution of unstratified, incompressible MRI in an eccentric disk orbiting a point mass. We consider vertical modes of wavenumber k on a background flow with uniform eccentricity e and vertical Alfvén speed

along an orbit with mean motion n. We find two mode families, one with dominant magnetic components, the other with dominant velocity components. The former is unstable at

, where

, and the latter at e ≳ 0.8. For f
2 ≲ 3, MRI behaves much like in circular disks, but the growth per orbit declines slowly with increasing e; for f
2 ≳ 3, modes grow by parametric amplification, which is resonant for 0 < e ≪ 1. MRI growth and the attendant angular momentum and energy transport happen chiefly near pericenter, where orbital shear dominates magnetic tension.
The MASSIVE Survey. IX. Photometric Analysis of 35 High-mass Early-type Galaxies with HST WFC3/IR*
Authors: Goullaud Charles F. , Jensen Joseph B. , Blakeslee John P. , Ma Chung-Pei , Greene Jenny E. , Thomas Jens
Published: March 2018

We present near-infrared observations of 35 of the most massive early-type galaxies in the local universe. The observations were made using the infrared channel of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) in the F110W (1.1 μm) filter. We measured surface brightness profiles and elliptical isophotal fit parameters from the nuclear regions out to a radius of ∼10 kpc in most cases. We find that 37% (13) of the galaxies in our sample have isophotal position-angle rotations greater than 20° over the radial range imaged by WFC3/IR, which is often due to the presence of neighbors or multiple nuclei. Most galaxies in our sample are significantly rounder near the center than in the outer regions. This sample contains 6 fast rotators and 28 slow rotators. We find that all fast rotators are either disky or show no measurable deviation from purely elliptical isophotes. Among slow rotators, significantly disky and boxy galaxies occur with nearly equal frequency. The galaxies in our sample often exhibit changing isophotal shapes, sometimes showing both significantly disky and boxy isophotes at different radii. The fact that parameters vary widely between galaxies and within individual galaxies is evidence that these massive galaxies have complicated formation histories, and some of them have experienced recent mergers and have not fully relaxed. These data demonstrate the value of IR imaging of galaxies at high spatial resolution and provide measurements necessary for determining stellar masses, dynamics, and black hole masses in high-mass galaxies.
Not All Stars Are the Sun: Empirical Calibration of the Mixing Length for Metal-poor Stars Using One-dimensional Stellar Evolution Models
Authors: Joyce M. , Chaboyer B.
Published: March 2018

Theoretical stellar evolution models are constructed and tailored to the best known, observationally derived characteristics of metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −2.3) stars representing a range of evolutionary phases: subgiant HD 140283, globular cluster M92, and four single, main sequence stars with well-determined parallaxes: HIP 46120, HIP 54639, HIP 106924, and WOLF 1137. It is found that the use of a solar-calibrated value of the mixing length parameter α
MLT in models of these objects is ineffective at reproducing their observed properties. Empirically calibrated values of α
MLT are presented for each object, accounting for uncertainties in the input physics employed in the models. It is advocated that the implementation of an adaptive mixing length is necessary in order for stellar evolution models to maintain fidelity in the era of high-precision observations.
Corrigenda: Davis DR, LaDuc TJ (2018) Amphibians and reptiles of C. E. Miller Ranch and the Sierra Vieja, Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, USA. ZooKeys 735:97–130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.22200
Authors: Davis Drew R. , LaDuc Travis J.
Published: March 2018

In our recently published checklist, we mislabeled one of the species of lizards in Figure 6. In error, we listed Figure 6D as a Chihuahuan Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis exsanguis) instead of the correct identification as a Little Striped Whiptail (Aspidoscelis inornata). Additionally, on 6 February 2018 (the date this manuscript was published), we received a photographic voucher of an Eastern Patch-nosed Snake (Salvadora grahamiae) from the lechuguilla-beargrass association on the top of a mesa in the Sierra Vieja (TNHC 107584), reducing the number of species not detected from the historic 1948 survey from three to two.
Le grand bond en avant du procès de la justice climatique, « Juliana » contre l´administration Trump
Authors: Mougeolle Paul
Published: March 2018

Dans l´affaire Juliana et al. v. USA, vingt et un plaignants issus de la nouvelle génération de citoyens invoquent une violation de leurs droits fondamentaux à la vie et à la propriété afin de contraindre l´administration Trump à agir contre le changement climatique. Alors que le tribunal de première instance avait déjà reconnu à plusieurs reprises la recevabilité de la requête des demandeurs, le gouvernement avait finalement réussi à interjeter un appel exceptionnel à cet égard. Cette requête a néanmoins été rejetée et un procès sur le fond de l´affaire devient désormais hautement probable.
 Os itinerários terapêuticos de idosos que fazem uso problemático de álcool / The therapeutic itineraries of elderly people that make a problematic use of alcohol
Authors: Lima Deivson Wendell da Costa , Ferreira Laryssa Dayanna Costa , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar , Vieira Alcivan Nunes , Carvalho Francisca Patrícia Barreto de , Azevedo Lívia Dayane Sousa
Published: March 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o itinerário terapêutico de idosos que fazem uso problemático de álcool. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 08 idosos acompanhados pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas III. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados conforme análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os serviços de porta de entrada elencados pelos idosos foram hospital psiquiátrico, Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, hospital geral, Unidade Básica de Saúde e casa de apoio. Cada idoso teve uma forma de acesso e de acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde ou rede de apoio. Alguns idosos foram estigmatizados por serem usuários de drogas e sofreram fortes restrições para sua inserção e disponibilidade de acesso aos cuidados. Em geral, os profissionais não buscaram conhecer a sua história pessoal e familiar, sua relação com a droga, bem como não se responsabilizaram pelo encaminhamento do idoso para outro serviço de saúde que compõe a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Conclui-se que cada idoso estabelece uma relação singular com o álcool e tem seu próprio itinerário terapêutico. Assim, torna-se necessário formular estratégias de cuidado adequadas através de planos terapêuticos individuais.
Design and Analysis in Virtual Prototyping Environment of an Innovative Integral Steering System for 2-Axle Cars
Authors: Alexandru Cătălin
Published: March 2018

The paper deals with design, modeling, and dynamic analysis of an integral (4-wheel) steering system for 2-axle cars. The study is focused on the steering box of the rear wheels, which is based on cam - follower mechanism. In the proposed concept, the integral steering intends to improve the stability and handling of the vehicle by considering the integral steering law, which is formulated in terms of correlation between the steering angles of the front and rear wheels. In this regard, a double-profiled cam is designed, whose profile dictates the translational movement of the follower, which is connected to the rear left and right steering tie-rods. The dynamic modeling and simulation of the 4-wheel steering vehicle was performed by using the MBS software package ADAMS. The results of the dynamic tests demonstrate the handling and stability performances of the proposed system, in relation with a classical 2-wheel steering vehicle.
Design of a Test Rig for Vehicle Stabilizer Bar Fatigue Study
Authors: Rosca Adrian Sorin , Craciunoiu Nicolae , Geonea Ionut , Ploscaru Cristina
Published: March 2018

In this paper the design, experimental and numerical simulation of a test rig for stabilizer bars fatigue resistance study is presented. A virtual CAD of the test rig is developed, for design and simulation purposes. A dynamic simulation model is developed in ADAMS software, to study the stabilizer bar durability. Strain gauge transducers are used to measure the deformations of the stabilizer bar.
Influence of Carburizing Time of Iron Powder Samples on the Carbon Content after Gas-Carburizing - Sintering Process
Authors: Trotea Mario , Constantinescu Augustin , Simniceanu Loreta , Pană Gabriela Monica
Published: March 2018

The paper presents experimental results of the influence of carburizing time of iron powder samples on the carbon content in the sample’s depth by layers, subjected to a GCS (Gas-Carburizing Sintering) method. Sintered steel elaboration by GCS method consist of enriching the Fe powder with carbon in gas medium in a single thermal cycle including the carburising operation followed by sintering, thereby achieving the sintered carbon steel. Numerical simulations were made using Abaqus/CAE software for mass diffusion analysis in order to find the appropriate diffusion coefficient value.
New Injection Moulding Techniques for Automotive Aluminium-Based Foams - Part I
Authors: Gîngu Oana , Sima Gabriela , Teișanu Cristina , Bucse Ionela Gabriela
Published: March 2018

The raw material to be compacted by moulding is represented by aluminium alloy (ALUMIX 321) powder particles as metallic matrix and carbamide as foaming agent. The raw material to be injected is represented by the mixture (feedstock) between the wax-based binder system (40-60% mass) and the aluminium alloy (ALUMIX 321) powder particles (balance). The binder system is made of paraffin wax and stearic acid. The foaming effect is generated by addition of carbamide as foaming agent. Both categories of raw samples were washed in the ultrasonic machine and the aim of research was to study the physical properties and the macroscopic analysis of this materials.
On the Centrifugal Effect on the Load of Chain and Belt Transmissions
Authors: Velicu Radu , Jurj Lenard , Saulescu Radu
Published: March 2018

The literature on chain and belt transmissions talks about the effect of centrifugal forces on chains and belts as creating a constant Fc = (m/l) v2 constant component along belt or chain. This component is only depending on the mass per unit of length (m/l) and the velocity of chain or belt. Our experimental data and also theoretical approach on the centrifugal effect on the load of chain and belt transmissions shows that chain/belt supplementary loading but also shaft unloading are different. This effect must consider not only the mass per unit of length and the velocity of chain/belt but also the stiffness of chain/belt and the stiffness of shafts and other bearing components. The conclusions of this paper are changing significantly the recommendations from the literature about the centrifugal effect on the load of chain and belt transmissions.
Studies on Regarding Turning Machinability of the Titanium
Authors: Zamfirache Marius
Published: March 2018

This paper presents the results of some experimental research regarding the roughness surfaces, cutting forces for titanium alloys: TiAl5Fe2,5 in the case of turning process.
Study on the Cutting Temperature and Chips Formation during the Milling of Pure Titanium
Authors: Patru Emil Nicusor , Panduru Dumitru , Craciunoiu Nicolae , Bica Marin
Published: March 2018

In this paper some experimental determinations on the temperature during the milling process of pure titanium is conducted, using different cutting conditions. The results are presented as graphical dependencies and also as a screen capture of the values obtained using an adequate technique for temperature of the cutting process. Some pictures of the chips shape captured during milling process of the pure titanium bare are presented.
Surface albedo in different land-use and cover types in Amazon forest region
Authors: Faria Thiago De Oliveira , Rodrigues Thiago Rangel , Curado Leone Francisco Amorim , Gaio Denilton Carlos , Nogueira José De Souza
Published: March 2018

Albedo is the portion of energy from the Sun that is reflected by the earth's surface, thus being an important variable that controls climate and energy processes on Earth. Surface albedo is directly related to the characteristics of the Earth’s surface materials, making it a useful parameter to evaluate the effects of original soil cover replacement due to human occupation. This study evaluated the changes in the surface albedo values due to the conversion of vegetation to other land uses and to analyze the applicability of the use of albedo in the spatial delimitation of land-use classes in the transitional region between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes. Surface albedo measurements were obtained from processing of Landsat Thematic Mapper data in the Geographic Information System (GIS), and land-use information were collected using Google Earth high-resolution images. The results show that human activities such as the cultivation of crops and burning have contributed substantially to variations in the surface albedo, and that albedo estimates from Landsat imagery have the potential to help in the recognition and delimitation of features of land use and cover.
Association between Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Incidence and Ambient Temperature
Authors: Sun Jimin , Lu Liang , Yang Jun , Liu Keke , Wu Haixia , Liu Qiyong
Published: March 2018

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is emerging in China. To explore the lagged effects and nonlinear association between temperature and SFTS, we collected data on ambient temperature and SFTS cases and analyzed the data using a distributed lag nonlinear model. A total of 1,933 SFTS cases were reported in the study area from 2011 to 2015. Our study revealed a nonlinear relationship between weekly temperature and SFTS. The exposure–response curve was an approximately reversed U-shaped peak at 23°C. High temperatures had acute and short-term effects, whereas low temperatures had persistent and long-term effects. The effects of lower temperatures (1.62°C and 6.97°C) could last 24 weeks, but the effect of 29.30°C was not significant at lag 8 weeks. Our results provide information to better understand the effect of temperature variation on SFTS and may have policy implications for disease prevention and control.
Simultaneous determination of aerosol optical thickness and water-leaving radiance from multispectral measurements in coastal waters
Authors: Shi Chong , Nakajima Teruyuki
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Retrieval of aerosol optical properties and water-leaving radiance over ocean is challenging since the latter mostly accounts for  ∼  10 % of the satellite-observed signal and can be easily influenced by the atmospheric scattering. Such an effort would be more difficult in turbid coastal waters due to the existence of optically complex oceanic substances or high aerosol loading. In an effort to solve such problems, we present an optimization approach for the simultaneous determination of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) from multispectral satellite measurements. In this algorithm, a coupled atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer model combined with a comprehensive bio-optical oceanic module is used to jointly simulate the satellite-observed reflectance at the top of atmosphere and water-leaving radiance just above the ocean surface. Then, an optimal estimation method is adopted to retrieve AOT and nLw iteratively. The algorithm is validated using Aerosol Robotic Network – Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) products selected from eight OC sites distributed over different waters, consisting of observations that covered glint and non-glint conditions from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. Results show a good consistency between retrieved and in situ measurements at each site. It is demonstrated that more accurate AOTs are determined based on the simultaneous retrieval method, particularly in shorter wavelengths and sunglint conditions, where the averaged percentage difference (APD) of retrieved AOT is generally reduced by approximate 10 % in visible bands compared with those derived from the standard atmospheric correction (AC) scheme, since all the spectral measurements can be used jointly to increase the information content in the inversion of AOT, and the wind speed is also simultaneously retrieved to compensate the specular reflectance error estimated from the rough ocean surface model. For the retrieval of nLw, atmospheric overcorrection can be avoided in order to have a significant improvement of the inversion of nLw at 412 nm. Furthermore, generally better estimates of band ratios of nLw(443) / nLw(554) and nLw(488) / nLw(554) are obtained using the simultaneous retrieval approach with lower root mean square errors and relative differences than those derived from the standard AC approach in comparison to the AERONET-OC products, as well as the APD values of retrieved Chl which decreased by about 5 %. On the other hand, the standard AC scheme yields a more accurate retrieval of nLw at 488 nm, prompting a further optimization of the oceanic bio-optical module of the current model.
Secondary sulfate is internally mixed with sea spray aerosol and organic aerosol in the winter Arctic
Authors: Kirpes Rachel M. , Bondy Amy L. , Bonanno Daniel , Moffet Ryan C. , Wang Bingbing , Laskin Alexander , Ault Andrew P. , Pratt Kerri A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Few measurements of aerosol chemical composition have been made during the
winter–spring transition (following polar sunrise) to constrain Arctic
aerosol–cloud–climate feedbacks. Herein, we report the first measurements
of individual particle chemical composition near Utqiaġvik (Barrow),
Alaska, in winter (seven sample days in January and February 2014).
Individual particles were analyzed by computer-controlled scanning electron
microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDX, 24 847
particles), Raman microspectroscopy (300 particles), and scanning
transmission X-ray microscopy with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure
spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS, 290 particles). Sea spray aerosol (SSA) was
observed in all samples, with fresh and aged SSA comprising 99 %, by
number, of 2.5–7.5 µm
diameter particles, 65–95 % from 0.5–2.5 µm, and
50–60 % from 0.1–0.5 µm, indicating SSA is the dominant
contributor to accumulation and coarse-mode aerosol during the winter. The
aged SSA particles were characterized by reduced chlorine content with
94 %, by number, internally mixed with secondary sulfate (39 %, by
number, internally mixed with both nitrate and sulfate), indicative of
multiphase aging reactions during transport. There was a large number
fraction (40 % of 1.0–4.0 µm diameter particles) of aged SSA
during periods when particles were transported from near Prudhoe Bay,
consistent with pollutant emissions from the oil fields participating in
atmospheric processing of aerosol particles. Organic carbon and sulfate
particles were observed in all samples and comprised 40–50 %, by number,
of 0.1–0.4 µm diameter particles, indicative of Arctic haze
influence. Soot was internally mixed with organic and sulfate components. All
sulfate was mixed with organic carbon or SSA particles. Therefore, aerosol
sources in the Alaskan Arctic and resulting aerosol chemical mixing states
need to be considered when predicting aerosol climate effects, particularly
cloud formation, in the winter Arctic.
A chironomid-based record of temperature variability during the past 4000 years in northern China and its possible societal implications
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Chen Jianhui , Zhang Shengda , Zhang David D. , Wang Zongli , Xu Qinghai , Chen Shengqian , Wang Shijin , Kang Shichang , Chen Fahu
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Long-term, high-resolution temperature records which combine an unambiguous proxy and precise dating are rare in China. In addition, the societal implications of past temperature change on a regional scale have not been sufficiently assessed. Here, based on the modern relationship between chironomids and temperature, we use fossil chironomid assemblages in a precisely dated sediment core from Gonghai Lake to explore temperature variability during the past 4000 years in northern China. Subsequently, we address the possible regional societal implications of temperature change through a statistical analysis of the occurrence of wars. Our results show the following. (1) The mean annual temperature (TANN) was relatively high during 4000–2700 cal yr BP, decreased gradually during 2700–1270 cal yr BP and then fluctuated during the last 1270 years. (2) A cold event in the Period of Disunity, the Sui-Tang Warm Period (STWP), the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) can all be recognized in the paleotemperature record, as well as in many other temperature reconstructions in China. This suggests that our chironomid-inferred temperature record for the Gonghai Lake region is representative. (3) Local wars in Shanxi Province, documented in the historical literature during the past 2700 years, are statistically significantly correlated with changes in temperature, and the relationship is a good example of the potential societal implications of temperature change on a regional scale.
El marco legislativo y su efecto sobre el crecimiento del sector cooperativo en Colombia (1933-2014)
Authors: Hernández Salazar Giovanni Andrés , Olaya Pardo Ana María
Published: March 2018

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estimar cuantitativamente el efecto de las principales Leyes y Decretos promulgados para el sector cooperativo sobre el crecimiento del mismo en Colombia. La información se construye desde 1933-2014 a nivel Nacional y desde 1980-2014 a nivel departamental (regional). A partir de la estimación de modelos de intervención bajo la metodología ARIMA, se evidencia que el marco legal no he tenido un efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre el crecimiento del sector. Las principales razones que explican este resultado son la gran dispersión y falta de coherencia de la política cooperativa, el enfoque de la política más hacia la regulación, supervisión y vigilancia que al fomento y fortalecimiento, y a la insuficiente comprensión de los efectos negativos potenciales asociados a una estructura de propiedad colectiva.
Study of polymorphism of maize using dna and protein markers
Authors: Vivodí­k Martin , Balážová Želmí­ra , Gálová Zdenka , Petrovičová Lenka
Published: March 2018

In the present investigation 40 genotypes of maize from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Slovakia and Yugoslavia were analysed using 20 start codon targeted (SCoT) markers, 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 13 random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) markers and using SDS-PAGE markers. Twenty SCoT primers produced 114 DNA fragments with an average of 5.7 bands per primer. Out of the total of 114 amplified fragments, 86 (76.43 %) were polymorphic, with an average of 4.30 polymorphic bands per primer. Ten SSR primers revealed a total of 65 alleles ranging from 4 (UMC1060) to 8 (UMC2002 and UMC1155) alleles per locus with a mean value of 6.50 alleles per locus. 20 SCoT primers produced total 114 fragments across 40 maize genotypes, of which 86 (76.43 %) were polymorphic with an average of 4.30 polymorphic fragments per primer and number of amplified fragments ranged from 2 (SCoT 45) to 8 (SCoT 28 and SCoT 63). The number of total scorable protein bands was twentythree as a result of SDS-PAGE technique but those that were not cosistent in reproducibility and showed occasional variation in sharpness and density were not considered. Based on these bands forty accessions of maize were screened. Out of twentythree polypeptide bands, 6 (31%) were commonly present in all accessions and considered as monomorphic, while 17 (65%) showed variations and considered as polymorphic. The dendrogram of 40 old maize genotypes based on SSR, SCoT, RAPD and SDS-PAGE markers using UGMA algorithm was constructed.
Influence of composition of feed and lactation period on mineral composition of Mare's
Authors: Fišera Miroslav , Valášek Pavel , Kráčmar Stanislav , Kubáň Vlastimil , Burešová Pavla , Velichová Helena , Fišerová Lenka
Published: March 2018

Effects of lactation period and feed on essential minerals composition of mare's milk were studied. Average Ca, P, Na and Mg concentrations in feed DM were 0.66, 4.30, 0.13 and 2.21 g.kg-1 of DM (dry matter), respectively. In regard to milk all elements concentrations were not similar to each other due to the changes of the lactation day differences. Average Ca, P, Na and Mg concentrations (in DM) caused by breed differences and lactation days were 1.95, 1.08, 0.53 and 0.22 g.kg-1, respectively. During the milk period, a high-quality feed were maintaining the major mineral composition of mare's milk in 1.5 - 2 times higher amount than milk of mare fed with pasture and a low-quality feed. The colostrum stage of mare was much shorter than other animals, the mare's milk on the 2nd day of lactation showed properties of initial milk in which its composition, particularly in minerals, were two times higher when compare to that on milk periods that was started from 5th day after parturition. It seemed that some factors, except well physiological conditions, such as mare's age, number of foaling, sex of foal etc. did not affect milk nutrient composition.
Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in different types of garlic
Authors: Škrovánková Soňa , Mlček Jiří­ , Snopek Lukáš , Planetová Tereza
Published: March 2018

Garlic contains important biologically active compounds such as phytoncides, antioxidants and others. There belong organosulfur compounds, allyl thiosulfinates and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids), vitamins (E and C) and some minerals, that all have several positive effects on human health. In the work five types of raw garlic (Allium sativum) of Czech, Chinese and Spanish origin, and bear's garlic (Allium ursinum), and two dried garlic products, were evaluated for polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity. The highest values of total polyphenols (TP), analyzed by spectrometric method with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, had fresh samples of bear's and Spanish garlic; the lowest ones were evaluated for Czech garlic bulbs (92.2 - 119.6 mg GAE.100g-1 fw) and dry garlic products (70.1 - 84.5 mg GAE.100g-1). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by spectrometric methods with DPPH and ABTS reagents. To types of fresh garlic with the best values of antioxidant capacity, evaluated by both methods, belong bear's and Spanish garlic, followed by Chinese and Czech garlic samples. These values are in agreement with polyphenols content in garlic bulbs. Dry garlic products had the highest values of TAC. Content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity values were positively correlated, higher correlation value was detected for TP and TAC-ABTS (0.973) than for TP and TAC-DPPH (0.873). Bear's garlic and garlic belong to the vegetable types with high amount of biologically active compounds such as antioxidants.
The quality of ketchups from the Czech Republic's market in terms of their physico-chemical properties
Authors: Diviš Pavel , Smilek Jiří­ , Poří­zka Jaromí­r , Štursa Václav
Published: March 2018

Ketchup is a tomato-based condiment with a tang contributed by vinegar, sugar, salt and spices. Physical and chemical quality requirements for ketchup are regulated in the Czech Republic by Decree No. 157/2003 as amended. The main monitored parameters determining the quality of ketchups are total tomato content, total soluble solids, total organic acids and total salt content. In this work the following parameters were monitored in a total of eight ketchups from the commercial markets in the Czech Republic: pH, total solids, total soluble solids, citric acid content, acetic acid content, lycopene content, fructose, glucose and sucrose content and content of Ca, K, Mg and Na. In addition to chemical analyses, rheological measurements were performed and dynamic viscosity and yield stress were determined. The results obtained were statistically processed and the hypothesis i) whether the sales price of ketchups is related to the quality of ketchups expressed in chemical composition and ii) whether the chemical composition affects the rheological properties of ketchups has been verified. The Pearson correlation matrix showed very good correlation between the total solids and tomato content in the ketchup (R = 0.8464) as well as between the total soluble solids and tomato content in the ketchup (R = 0.8583). Another significant correlation was found between total soluble solids and total saccharides content in ketchup (R = 0.7309) as well as between potassium content and and tomato content in the ketchup (R = 0.8864). The chemical composition of ketchups did not significantly affect the dynamic viscosity of ketchups, however strong correlation between tomato content in ketchup and between yield stresses was found (R = 0.8436). No correlation was found between the ketchup price and chemical composition of ketchup, however cheaper ketchups contained more salt.
Effect of different storage conditions on the microbiological characteristics of insect
Authors: Adamek Martin , Mlček Jiří­ , Adámková Anna , Suchánková Jiřina , Janalí­ková Magda , Borkovcová Marie , Bednářová Martina
Published: March 2018

When introducing a novelty food, its safety needs to be monitored. One of the safety aspects of human health is microbial contamination. In this work, microbiological parameters of long-term stored edible insect material - mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus), field cricket (Gryllus assimilis), and migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) were evaluated. The monitored indicators (colony forming units, enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds) were evaluated using common microbiological methods. All samples of stored insect were determined as safe for human consumption, except for the lesser mealworm sample from 2016, in which case the limit was exceeded. Sample of adult field cricket seems to be suitable for long-term storage, as it contained the lowest amount of microorganism. Sample of dried Gryllus assimilis from 2014 had the lowest microbial contamination. Further results suggest that, for long-term storage, the most suitable way of preparation is killing with boiling water, drying at 103 °C for 12 hours and subsequent hermetic packaging.
Rethinking edTPA: The Use of InTASC Principles and Standards
Authors: Kuo Nai-Cheng
Published: March 2018

The Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (InTASC) Model Core Teaching Standards and Learning Progressions for Teachers 1.0, developed by the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO, 2013) in the United States, provide a set of expectations for essential knowledge, critical disposition, and performance needed for high-quality teaching. In this article, there are two parts. Part I addresses issues found in a current mandatory policy—edTPA. Part II explores how teacher educators can use the national teacher education standards to create a learning community where the voices of preservice teachers, teacher educators, and school personnel are equally valued.
The Relation between Public Managers’ Compensation and Governance
Authors: Coccia Mario
Published: March 2018

A vast literature in the field of public organizations has analyzed several factors of the compensation of government senior managers. However, the institutional factors associated with high levels of compensation of public managers are hardly known. In particular, studies about the possible relation between factors of governance and compensation of public managers are scarce. The statistical evidence here reveals that in the OECD countries, high levels of compensation for central government senior manager (standardized with GDP per capita) seem to be associated with low government effectiveness, low regulatory quality, low freedom, low rule of law and control of corruption (in short, bad governance). These results suggest insights for general reforms of governance aimed to support equitably levels of compensation of public managers and efficiency of public institutions.
BREVE REVISÃO DA ESPÉCIE Syzygium malaccense (L.) MERR. & L.M. PERRY COMO FONTE DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS
Authors: Gibbert Luciana , Bertin Renata , Kruger Claudia Hecke
Published: March 2018

Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry é uma espécie popularmente conhecida como jambo vermelho, pertencente a família Myrtaceae. Esta fruta foi introduzida no Brasil ao longo dos três ultimos séculos e despertou a atenção dos brasileiros, que aos poucos vem utilizando o jambo na sua alimentação. É adocicada e com sabor diferenciado, além de apresentar diversos benefícios nutricionais, principalmente no que diz respeito à quantidade de compostos bioativos presentes nessa espécie. Estes são classificados em três principais grupos e auxiliam na prevenção e no combate a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, tais como: problemas cardiovasculares, câncer, problemas respiratórios e diabetes; tornando a presença desses compostos nos alimentos imprescindível. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma breve revisão sobre o jambo vermelho e acerca dos compostos bioativos presentes nesta fruta. Para isso, foi realizada pesquisa eletrônica em bases de dados indexadas. O presente artigo está dividido em dois tópicos principais. As informações obtidas permitem confirmar a importância econômica, ecológica e medicinal dessa espécie, além da importância de sua inserção na alimentação habitual dos brasileiros.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DOS MEDICAMENTOS CONTENDO DICLOFENACO DE POTÁSSIO
Authors: Da Silva Fernando Cesar Queiroz , RUFINO Jessica Vertuan , NERY Marlene Maria Fregonezi
Published: March 2018

Os medicamentos anti-inflamatórios são umas das classes de medicamentos mais comercializadas no Brasil, sendo a subclasse dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINE’s) a de maior prevalência. Para que a população possa utiliza-los de maneira segura, é necessário um controle de qualidade adequado. O diclofenaco de potássio pertence ao grupo AINES’s e é utilizado para tratamento em curto prazo de algumas condições agudas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de medicamentos contendo diclofenaco de potássio 50 mg de diferentes indústrias farmacêuticas.  As amostras foram analisadas utilizando os parâmetros: peso médio, dureza, friabilidade, teor de princípio ativo, dissolução e uniformidade de dose unitária (UDU) de três especialidades farmacêuticas, sendo: três genéricos (G1, G2 e G3), um similar (S) e um referência (R). Todas as amostras foram aprovadas nos ensaios de friabilidade, apresentando para R, S, G1, G2 e G3, respectivamente 0,05%, 0,04%, 0,02%, 0,03% e 0,11%. No ensaio de teor os valores para as amostras R, S, G1, G2 e G3, foram 104,29% (1,13), 96,12% (0,76), 99,11% (0,59), 98,09% (2,09), 101,96% (0,74). No ensaio de UDU obteve-se os valores de aceitação (VA) de 7,87, 4,27, 3,31, 2,31 e 6,07, respectivamente para R, S, G1, G2 e G3, portanto menor que 15. No teste de dissolução as amostras G1 e G3 não atenderam as especificações.