bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saturation evaluation of tight sandstone in the Dayi structure, West Sichuan Depression
Authors: Guo Yuhao , Sima Liqiang , Wang Liang , Miao Xiangxi , Li Angxing , Su Shute
Published: July 2023

Tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by poor physical properties, strong heterogeneity, and complex pore structures, resulting in low reservoir saturation calculation accuracy, and the log interpretations do not match the gas test results. In response to the aforementioned problems, the tight sandstone reservoir of the third member of the Xujiahe Formation of the Dayi structure in the Western Sichuan Depression was investigated through a series of experiments on petrophysical properties, casting thin-section identification, rock resistivity, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-pressure mercury intrusion. Then, after a systematic analysis of the influence of different factors, including physical properties, mineral composition, and pore structure, on the rock-electric parameters, the parameters of the Archie model were appropriately corrected. The results showed that, for tight sandstone reservoirs, the cementation exponent was mainly affected by the physical properties and clay content, and the saturation exponent was controlled by the proportion of relatively large pore components in the total pore system. Therefore, the non-linear least squares method was used to construct the variable cementation index model; the pseudo-capillary pressure curve was constructed, and a new parameter “the large-pore proportion,” which is used to optimize the saturation exponent, was proposed in combination with the fractal theory. Finally, an Archie model with variable parameters was used to process the actual logging data in the study area. The results show that this method can obtain more accurate gas saturation, providing a new idea and method for fine sandstone saturation logging evaluation.
Analysis and modeling magnetic energy harvester with field shaping capacitors
Authors: Ma Yan , Liu Ming , Chen Guanhong , Sun Min , Zhang Man , Li Jian
Published: July 2023

A detailed circuit model is discussed in this paper for the operation of magnetic energy harvesters with field shaping capacitors (FSC) feeding constant voltage load. First an equivalent circuit with nonlinear inductance, current source and a diode bridge was given based on the physical analysis of the harvester. Then detailed analysis of the circuit operation and state transitions under various FSC are provided. A mathematical model is established to replace the circuit model so that the optimization of the system parameters, such as number of turns, load voltage, could be carried out directly. Simulation and experimental results are given in the paper to prove the effectiveness of the proposed circuit analysis method.
Deciphering and targeting host factors to counteract SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus infections: insights from CRISPR approaches
Authors: Cui Zhifen , Wang Hongyan , Dong Yizhou , Liu Shan-Lu , Wang Qianben
Published: July 2023

Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronaviruses depend on host factors for the process of viral infection and replication. A better understanding of the dynamic interplay between viral pathogens and host cells, as well as identifying of virus-host dependencies, offers valuable insights into disease mechanisms and informs the development of effective therapeutic strategies against viral infections. This review delves into the key host factors that facilitate or hinder SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, as identified by CRISPR/Cas9-based screening platforms. Furthermore, we explore CRISPR/Cas13-based gene therapy strategies aimed at targeting these host factors to inhibit viral infection, with the ultimate goal of eradicating SARS-CoV-2 and preventing and treating related coronaviruses for future outbreaks.
Prenatal diagnosis in a fetuses with a clenched hands, overlapping fingers, and clubfoot due to MED12 deficiency in three affected siblings: A case report
Authors: Xue Huiqin , Tang Qiaoyin , Feng Yu , Zhao Chenyue , Xu Ke , Gu Weiyue , Xue Zhaoyu , Li Xinyan , Jiang Jinsong , Lu Hongyong , Sun Xiayu , Wu Jianrui , Cao Guizhi
Published: July 2023

A fetal clenched hand with overlapping fingers is more common in aneuploidy syndrome and was not well-documented in MED12 deficiency. This study reports the clinical and genetic findings of three affected siblings from a Chinese family. The chromosome karyotype analysis diagram shows that karyotypes of the three children were normal. Trio whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing verification found that there was a MED12 R296Q variant in normal mothers and their two offspring. A pattern of clenched hand with overlapping fingers (clinodactyly) and clubfoot was found in all the three affected siblings by three-dimensional ultrasound. The discovery of this case shows that even if the chromosome karyotype is normal, comprehensive prenatal genetic diagnosis is required when the ultrasound results show a clenched hand with clinodactyly and clubfoot symptoms.
Screening of a new candidate coxsackievirus B1 vaccine strain based on its biological characteristics
Authors: Zhang Ming , Xu Danhan , Liu Yuhan , Wang Xiaohui , Xu Lilan , Gao Na , Feng Changzeng , Guo Wei , Ma Shaohui
Published: July 2023

Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) is one of the significant pathogens causing viral myocarditis, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and aseptic meningitis, and it has been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). No effective antiviral drugs against CVB1 infection or preventive vaccines are available. Due to the success of two inactivated vaccines against enterovirus 71 and poliovirus, an inactivated Vero cell-based CVB1 vaccine could be developed. In this study, we isolated a high-growth CVB1 virus strain KM7 in Vero cells and developed a Vero-adapted vaccine candidate strain KM7-X29 via three rounds of plaque purification and serial passages. The KM7-X29 strain was grouped into the GII sub-genotype, which belonged to the Chinese epidemic strain and grew to a titer of more than 107 CCID50/ml in Vero cells. The inactivated CVB1 vaccine produced by the KM7-X29 strain induced an effective neutralizing antibody response in BALB/c mice, and maternal antibodies were able to provide a 100% protective effect against lethal challenges with a CVB1 strain in suckling BALB/c mice. Thus, the KM7-X29 strain might be used as a new candidate coxsackievirus B1 vaccine strain. The neonatal murine model of CVB1 infection will contribute to the development of the CVB1 vaccine.
A polarization image enhancement method for glioma
Authors: Liu Yi-Rong , Liang Chao-Feng , Zhao Han-Qiao , Ou Yun-Mou , Wu Jian
Published: July 2023

Polarization imaging technique (PIT) based on a backward scattering 3 × 3 Mueller matrix polarization imaging experimental setup is able to study the optical information and microstructure of glioma and non-glioblastoma tissues from clinical treatment. However, the image contrast of Mueller Matrix Elements (MME) is far from sufficient to provide supplemental information in the clinic, especially in off-diagonal MME. The aim of this work is to propose an innovative method to improve the contrast and quality of PIT images of glioma and non-glioma tissues. The work first confirms the robustness of the method by evaluating the enhanced images and assessment coefficients onex vivounstained glioma and non-glioma sample bulks, then the optimal enhancement results are tested and presented based on the multi-sample tests. This PIT image enhancement method can greatly improve the contrast and detailed texture information of MMEs images, which can provide more useful clinical information, and further be used to identify glioma and residues in the intraoperative environment with PIT.
Perioperative predictors of outcome of hepatectomy for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Ziming , Tang Di
Published: July 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is identified as a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resulting in so-called hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC). Hepatectomy for HCC is acknowledged as an efficient treatment strategy, especially for early HCC. Furthermore, patients with advanced HCC can still obtain survival benefits through surgical treatment combined with neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and radiofrequency ablation. Therefore, preoperative and postoperative predictors of HBV-related HCC have crucial indicative functions for the follow-up treatment of patients with feasible hepatectomy. This review covers a variety of research results on preoperative and postoperative predictors of hepatectomy for HBV-related HCC over the past decade and in previous landmark studies. The relevant contents of Hepatitis C virus-related HCC, non-HBV non-HCV HCC, and the artificial intelligence application in this field are briefly addressed in the extended content. Through the integration of this review, a large number of preoperative and postoperative factors can predict the prognosis of HBV-related HCC, while most of the predictors have no standardized thresholds. According to the characteristics, detection methods, and application of predictors, the predictors can be divided into the following categories: 1. serological and hematological predictors, 2. genetic, pathological predictors, 3. imaging predictors, 4. other predictors, 5. analysis models and indexes. Similar results appear in HCV-related HCC, non-HBV non-HCV HCC. Predictions based on AI and big biological data are actively being applied. A reasonable prediction model should be established based on the economic, health, and other levels in specific countries and regions.
Comparative effectiveness and acceptability of HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors versus for anemia patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Qiong , You Minling , Huang Weijuan , Chen Jian , Zeng Qinming , Jiang Longfeng , Du Xiuben , Liu Xusheng , Hong Ming , Wang Jing
Published: July 2023

Background: The comparative benefits and acceptability of HIF-PHIs for treating anemia have not been well researched to date. We sought to compare the effectiveness of 6 HIF-PHIs and 3 ESAs for the treatment of renal anemia patients undergoing dialysis.

Data sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov databases.

Results: Twenty-five RCTs (involving 17,204 participants) were included, all of which were designed to achieve target Hb levels by adjusting thee dose of HIF-PHIs. Regarding the efficacy in achieving target Hb levels, no significant differences were found between HIF-PHIs and ESAs in Hb response at the dose-adjusted designed RCTs selected for comparison. Intervention with roxadustat showed a significantly lower risk of RBC transfusion than rhEPO, with an OR and 95% CI of 0.76 (0.56–0.93). Roxadustat and vadadustat had higher risks of increasing the discontinuation rate than ESAs; the former had ORs and 95% CIs of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.21–2.06) for rhEPO, 1.66 (1.16–2.38) for DPO (darbepoetin alfa), and 1.76 (1.70–4.49) for MPG-EPO, and the latter had ORs and 95% CIs of 1.71 (1.09–2.67) for rhEPO, 1.79 (1.29–2.49) for DPO, and 2.97 (1.62–5.46) for MPG-EPO. No differences were observed in the AEs and SAEs among patients who received the studied drugs. Results of a meta-analysis of gastrointestinal disorders among AEs revealed that vadadustat was less effect on causing diarrea than DPO, with an OR of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.9–0.99). Included HIF-PHIs, were proven to be more effective than ESAs in reducing hepcidin levels and increasing TIBC and serum iron level with OR of −0.17 (95% CI, −0.21 to −0.12), OR of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.63–0.95), and OR of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.33–0.45), respectively.

Conclusion: HIF-PHIs and ESAs have their characteristics and advantages in treating anemia undergoing dialysis. With the selected dose-adjusted mode, some HIF-PHIs appeared to be a potential treatment for DD-CKD patients when ompared with rhEPO, due to its effectiveness in decreasing the risk of RBC transfusion rate or regulating iron or lipid metabolism while achieving target Hb levels.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=306511; Identifier: CRD42022306511
In vitro effect of hydroxychloroquine on pluripotent stem cells and their cardiomyocytes derivatives
Authors: Kamga Kapchoup Michelle Vanessa , Hescheler Jürgen , Nguemo Filomain
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Hydroxychloroquine (HDQ) is an antimalarial drug that has also shown its effectiveness in autoimmune diseases. Despite having side effects such as retinopathy, neuromyopathy and controversial cardiac toxicity, HDQ has been presented and now intensively studied for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent works revealed both beneficial and toxic effects during HDQ treatment. The cardiotoxic profile of HDQ remains unclear and identifying risk factors is challenging.

Methods: Here, we used well-established cell-cultured to study the cytotoxic effect of HDQ, mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSC) and their cardiomyocytes (CMs) derivatives were exposed to different concentrations of HDQ. Cell colony morphology was assessed by microscopy whereas cell viability was measured by flow cytometry and impedance-based methods. The effect of HDQ on beating activity of mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (miPSC-CMs and hiPSC-CMs, respectively) and mouse embryonic stem cell-derived CMs (mESC-CMs) were captured by the xCELLigence RTCA and microelectrode array (MEA) systems.

Results and discussion: Our results revealed that 20 µM of HDQ promotes proliferation of stem cells used suggesting that if appropriately monitored, HDQ may have a cardioprotective effect and may also represent a possible candidate for tissue repair. In addition, the field potential signals revealed that higher doses of this medication caused bradycardia that could be reversed with a higher concentration of ß-adrenergic agonist, Isoproterenol (Iso). On the contrary, HDQ caused an increase in the beating rate of hiPSC-CMs, which was further helped upon application of Isoproterenol (Iso) suggesting that HDQ and Iso may also work synergistically. These results indicate that HDQ is potentially toxic at high concentrations and can modulate the beating activity of cardiomyocytes. Moreover, HDQ could have a synergistic inotropic effect with isoproterenol on cardiac cells.
Gut-brain connections in neurodegenerative disease: immunotherapeutic targeting of Bin1 in inflammatory bowel disease and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Thomas Sunil , Prendergast George C.
Published: July 2023

Longer lifespan produces risks of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized by declines in memory and cognitive function. The pathogenic causes of AD are thought to reflect a progressive aggregation in the brain of amyloid plaques composed of beta-amyloid (Aß) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles composed of phosphorylated tau protein. Recently, long-standing investigations of the Aß disease hypothesis gained support via a passive immunotherapy targeting soluble Aß protein. Tau-targeting approaches using antibodies are also being pursued as a therapeutic approach to AD. In genome-wide association studies, the disease modifier gene Bin1 has been identified as a top risk factor for late-onset AD in human populations, with recent studies suggesting that Bin1 binds tau and influences its extracellular deposition. Interestingly, before AD emerges in the brain, tau levels rise in the colon, where Bin1—a modifier of tissue barrier function and inflammation—acts to promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This connection is provocative given clinical evidence of gut-brain communication in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. In this review, we discuss a Bin1-targeting passive immunotherapy developed in our laboratory to treat IBD that may offer a strategy to indirectly reduce tau deposition and limit AD onset or progression.
Mechanobiology-informed biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies for influencing skeletal stem and progenitor cell fate
Authors: Woodbury Seth M. , Swanson W. Benton , Mishina Yuji
Published: July 2023

Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are the multi-potent, self-renewing cell lineages that form the hematopoietic environment and adventitial structures of the skeletal tissues. Skeletal tissues are responsible for a diverse range of physiological functions because of the extensive differentiation potential of SSPCs. The differentiation fates of SSPCs are shaped by the physical properties of their surrounding microenvironment and the mechanical loading forces exerted on them within the skeletal system. In this context, the present review first highlights important biomolecules involved with the mechanobiology of how SSPCs sense and transduce these physical signals. The review then shifts focus towards how the static and dynamic physical properties of microenvironments direct the biological fates of SSPCs, specifically within biomaterial and tissue engineering systems. Biomaterial constructs possess designable, quantifiable physical properties that enable the growth of cells in controlled physical environments both in-vitro and in-vivo. The utilization of biomaterials in tissue engineering systems provides a valuable platform for controllably directing the fates of SSPCs with physical signals as a tool for mechanobiology investigations and as a template for guiding skeletal tissue regeneration. It is paramount to study this mechanobiology and account for these mechanics-mediated behaviors to develop next-generation tissue engineering therapies that synergistically combine physical and chemical signals to direct cell fate. Ultimately, taking advantage of the evolved mechanobiology of SSPCs with customizable biomaterial constructs presents a powerful method to predictably guide bone and skeletal organ regeneration.
Transcultural adaptation, content, and internal structure validity evidence of the perceived efficacy and goal setting system – 2 edition for Brazilian children
Authors: Nobre Glauber Carvalho , Gonçalves Duarte Marcelo , da Silva Ramalho Maria Helena , Flores Sartori Rodrigo , Schmitt Marinho Nádia Fernanda , André Aires Soares Ívina , Valentini Nadia Cristina
Published: July 2023

Aim

The aim was to investigate the validity of evidence of the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System second edition for Brazilian children.

Methods

258 children participated, both sexes (n = 133 girls; 51.6%), 5 to 9 years old (total sample Mage = 7.1, SD = 1.4), from four regions of Brazil. The Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System – second edition, was used.

Results

Experts showed agreement about the high clarity and practical pertinence of the items (content validity coefficient from 98.4 to 100%; Gwet’s agreement coefficient from 0.85 to 1.00, p < 0.001). Confirmatory factorial analysis showed adequate adjustment indexes (RMSEA [0.048, 90% C.I. = 0.043 to 0.053], SRMR [0.243], CFI [0.91], RNI [0.91], TLI [0.91], ꭓ2/df [1.962]). The multigroup analysis showed configural, metric and scalar invariance of two models for gender (CFI = 0.97; RMSEA, [90%C.I.] = 0.05 [0.03 to 0.07]; metric: ΔRMSEA = 0.001; scalar: ΔRMSEA = −0.004) and age band (5–7 years-old and 8–9 years-old; CFI = 0.94; RMSEA, [90%C.I.] = 0.05 [0.03 to 0.07]; metric: ΔRMSEA = 0.002; scalar: ΔRMSEA = 0.010). The Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio test showed adequate discriminant validity among three dimensions (self-care and productivity [value = 0.76]; self-care and leisure [value = 0.57], productivity and leisure [value = 0.76]). Alpha for polychoric correlations showed an adequate internal consistency for all items and total scale (all α values >0.70). Composite reliability (Self-care = 0.8; Productivity = 0.81; Leisure = 0.8) reinforce evidence about reliability. Percentage agreement showed adequate item-level test-retest reliability (values between 76 and 92%).

Conclusion

This scale showed adequate content and internal structure validity evidence to assess the perceived self-efficacy for Brazilian children.
Executive functions scale for university students: UEF-1
Authors: Ramos-Galarza Carlos , Ramos Valentina , Del Valle Milenko , Lepe-Martínez Nancy , Cruz-Cárdenas Jorge , Acosta-Rodas Pamela , Bolaños-Pasquel Mónica
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Executive functions are a set of mental abilities that allow human beings to consciously regulate their behavior and, in a university setting, will have a significant impact on student success during professional training.

Objective

To develop a scale to assess executive functions in a university setting.

Method

Using a sample of 1,373 university students from Chile (663) and Ecuador (710) between 17 and 33 years old (Mage = 20.53, SD = 2.34). A study was carried out to analyze the psychometric properties of the instrument using a reliability and validity analysis for a scale that assesses executive functions: conscious monitoring of responsibilities, supervisory attentional system, conscious regulation of behavior, verification of behavior to learn, decision making, conscious regulation of emotions, and management of elements to solve tasks.

Results

Adequate internal consistency parameters were found between α = 0.71 and 0.85. The seven executive functions proposed on the scale correlated proportionally between r = 0.42 and 0.62. In the confirmatory factor analysis, good fit indices were obtained in the model of the seven executive functions x2(413) = 1649.14, p = <0.001, CFI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.04 and RMSEA = 0.04.

Discussion

The research carried out reaches its conclusion stating that the scale that was developed has the psychometric properties to assess executive functions in the Latin American setting. The results regarding previous research and the contribution made in the line of research of executive functions are discussed.
Camera-based visual feedback learning aid for recovering sense of smell and taste in COVID-19 survivors: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Kumari Veena , Chauhan Satyam , Vakani Krupa , Antonova Elena , Bryant Jacky
Published: July 2023

Introduction

A significant proportion of people report persistent COVID-19-related anosmia, hyposmia or parosmia, often accompanied with ageusia, hypogeusia or dysgeusia. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study that assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a new Camera-Based Visual Feedback Learning Aid (CVFLA) and explored its potential to restore or improve persistent COVID-19-related smell and/or taste impairment.

Methods

Fifteen adult participants with persistent smell and/or taste impairment were randomly allocated to 7-, 14-, or 21-days baseline of symptom monitoring before receiving the intervention in up to 10 sessions (length and frequency determined by participant’s preference and progress) using a specialised CVFLA apparatus (patent no. 10186160). Smell and taste were assessed pre- and post-intervention subjectively, and also objectively using the ODOFIN Taste Strips and Sniffin Sticks. Participant feedback about their experience of receiving CVFLA was obtained via a semi-structured interview conducted by someone not involved in delivering the intervention.

Results

The intervention was extremely well received, with no dropouts related to the intervention. There was also a significant improvement in smell and taste from pre- to post-CVFLA intervention (mean number of sessions = 7.46, SD = 2.55; total duration = 389.96 min, SD = 150.93) both in subjective and objective measures. All participants, except one, reported experiencing some improvement from the 2nd or 3rd session.

Discussion

This new CVFLA intervention shows promise in improving COVID-19 related impairment in smell and taste with a very high level of acceptability. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm its potential in restoring, improving or correcting smell and/or taste impairment in relevant clinical and non-clinical groups.
Local influence of floral resource attributes on urban bumble bee foraging activity
Authors: Pfeiffer Vera W. , Zhu Jun , Poh Karen , Silbernagel Janet
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Urbanization diminishes the extent of uncompacted, exposed soil and the coverage of wild plant species, yet still supports diverse pollinator communities when their habitat is maintained within the built environment. Floral abundance and richness are known to influence bee foraging behavior, and these factors vary across the landscape, especially across heterogeneous urban extents. This study assesses how floral resources are distributed across the city of Madison, WI and how these factors influence the distribution of foraging bumble bees.

Methods

We conducted a systematic walking transect survey of bumble bees across Madison, WI. The resulting point location data associated with more than 5,000 non-lethally surveyed bumble bees were analyzed with regard to floral resource explanatory variables as well as underlying land use zoning on more than 700 transects. We used Moran's I correlograms to investigate spatial autocorrelation in floral resource variables and bumble bee counts, then we fitted a generalized linear model predicting transect bee counts based on floral cover, density, species richness and wild plant species richness on the distribution of foraging bees. We employed a geographically-weighted regression model to explore non-stationarity in the effects of floral resource explanatory variables across the study extent.

Results

We found significant positive influence of flower cover, species richness, and weakly significant positive influence of wildflower species richness on foraging bee counts within the model as well as a significant positive influence of the land use zoning categorical variable. The effects of floral resource predictors on foraging bumble bees varies based on landscape context across the city.

Discussion

The results of this study show that landscapes with high cover as well as floral diversity maximize bumble bee foraging, and the positive effect of wildflower species richness stands out where floral cover and overall richness are also present. Given that urban landscapes are not homogeneous and that floral resources are not consistently distributed across the cityscape, valuable pollinator habitat should be protected, and supplemented where gaps persist.
Measurement of brainstem diameter in small-breed dogs using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Kwon Danbee , Kim Sung-Soo , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung
Published: July 2023

Measurement of brainstem diameters (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata)is of potential clinical significance, as changes in brainstem size may decrease or increase due to age, neurodegenerative disorders, or neoplasms. In human medicine, numerous studies have reported the normal reference range of brainstem size, which is hitherto unexplored in veterinary medicine, particularly for small-breed dogs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the reference range of brainstem diameters in small-breed dogs and to correlate the measurements with age, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS). Herein, magnetic resonance (MR) images of 544 small-breed dogs were evaluated. Based on the exclusion criteria, 193 dogs were included in the midbrain and pons evaluation, and of these, 119 dogs were included in the medulla oblongata evaluation. Using MR images, the height and width of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata were measured on the median and transverse plane on the T1-weighted image. For the medulla oblongata, two points were measured for each height and width. The mean values of midbrain height (MH), midbrain width (MW), pons height (PH), pons width (PW), medulla oblongata height at the fourth ventricle level (MOHV), medulla oblongata height at the cervicomedullary (CM) junction level (MOHC), rostral medulla oblongata width (RMOW), and caudal medulla oblongata width (CMOW) were 7.18 ± 0.56 mm, 17.42 ± 1.21 mm, 9.73 ± 0.64 mm, 17.23 ± 1.21 mm, 6.06 ± 0.53 mm, 5.77 ± 0.40 mm, 18.93 ± 1.25 mm, and 10.12 ± 1.08 mm, respectively. No significant differences were found between male and female dogs for all the measurements. A negative correlation was found between age and midbrain diameter, including MH (p < 0.001) and MW (p  = 0.002). All brainstem diameters were correlated positively with BW (p  < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between BCS and all brainstem diameters. Brainstem diameters differed significantly between breeds (p  < 0.05), except for MW (p  = 0.137). This study assessed linear measurements of the brainstem diameter in small-breed dogs. We suggest that these results could be useful in assessing abnormal conditions of the brainstem in small-breed dogs.
Multimodality Treatment and Salvage Surgery for the Treatment of Lung Cancer
Authors: Choi Jeesoo , Tocco Boris , Smith Alexander , Ahmad Shahreen , Josephides Eleni , Bille Andrea
Published: July 2023

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United Kingdom. For locally advanced disease, multimodality treatment is recommended, which includes a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and, more recently immunotherapy. Options depend on the resectability of the cancer and there has been debate about the optimal treatment strategy: surgery may be planned to follow chemoradiotherapy (CRT), be offered for residual disease after CRT, or given as salvage therapy for patients treated with CRT who have later relapse of their disease. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent CRT and surgical resection under a single surgical team and performed a descriptive study after dividing the patients into these three groups. For the planned trimodality group, 30-day mortality this was 7% (n = 1) and 1-year survival was 78.6%; the residual disease group had a 30-day mortality rate of 0% and 1-year survival of 81.3%; for the salvage group, the figures were 0% and 62.5%, respectively. The median overall survival of the study population was 35.8 months. Median overall survival in the trimodality group was 35.4 months (20.1–51.7 interquartile range IQR), for the residual group was 34.2 months (18.5–61.0 IQR). and for the salvage group was 35.8 months (32.4–52.7 IQR).)
Innovations in Modern Nanotechnology for the Sustainable Production of Agriculture
Authors: Periakaruppan Rajiv , Romanovski Valentin , Thirumalaisamy Selva Kumar , Palanimuthu Vanathi , Sampath Manju Praveena , Anilkumar Abhirami , Sivaraj Dinesh Kumar , Ahamed Nihaal Ahamed Nasheer , Murugesan Shalini , Chandrasekar Divya , Selvaraj Karungan Selvaraj Vijai
Published: July 2023

Nanotechnology has an extensive series of applications in agronomy and has an important role in the future of sustainable agriculture. The agricultural industries should be supported by innovative active materials such as nanofertilizers, nanofungicides, and nanopesticides. It is necessary in the current situation to meet the dietary needs of the constantly expanding world population. Nearly one-third of crops grown conventionally suffer damage, mostly as a result of pest infestation, microbiological assaults, natural disasters, poor soil quality, and a lack of nutrients. To solve these problems, we urgently need more inventive technology. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture provides intelligent methods for delivering nutrients, herbicides, and genetic materials for improving soil fertility, stress tolerance, and protection. The world is currently confronting significant issues related to the rising demand for enough food and safe food as well as dealing with the environmental damage caused by traditional agriculture. Nanomaterials have important applications in agriculture for increasing plant growth and development and the quality and quantity of the crops and controlling and managing agricultural diseases. The major objective of this article is to describe the various applications and importance of nanoparticles in the agriculture sector.
Bioactives and Inflammation
Authors: Liu Guan-Ting , Kuo Chan-Yen
Published: July 2023

Inflammation is one of the body’s most complex physiological defense mechanisms against harmful substances [...]
Proteomic Shift in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Pfa1 during Erastin, ML210, and BSO-Induced Ferroptosis
Authors: Kudryashova Olga M. , Nesterenko Alexey M. , Korzhenevskii Dmitry A. , Sulyagin Valeriy K. , Tereshchuk Vasilisa M. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Shokhina Arina G.
Published: July 2023

Ferroptosis is a unique variety of non-apoptotic cell death, driven by massive lipid oxidation in an iron-dependent manner. Since ferroptosis was introduced as a concept in 2012, it has demonstrated its essential role in the pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and an important role in therapy-resistant cancer cells. Thus, detailed molecular understanding of both canonical and alternative ferroptosis pathways is required. There is a set of widely used chemical agents to modulate ferroptosis using different pathway targets: erastin blocks cystine–glutamate antiporter, system xc-; ML210 directly inactivates GPX4; and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibits γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an essential enzyme for glutathione synthesis de novo. Most studies have focused on the lipidomic profiling of model systems undergoing death in a ferroptotic modality. In this study, we developed high-quality shotgun proteome sequencing during ferroptosis induction by three widely used chemical agents (erastin, ML210, and BSO) before and after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Chromato-mass spectra were registered in DDA mode and are suitable for further label-free quantification. Both processed and raw files are publicly available and could be a valuable dynamic proteome map for further ferroptosis investigation.
A Physics-Informed Generative Car-Following Model for Connected Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Ma Lijing , Qu Shiru , Song Lijun , Zhang Zhiteng , Ren Jie
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a novel hybrid car-following model: the physics-informed conditional generative adversarial network (PICGAN), designed to enhance multi-step car-following modeling in mixed traffic flow scenarios. This hybrid model leverages the strengths of both physics-based and deep-learning-based models. By taking advantage of the inherent structure of GAN, the PICGAN eliminates the need for an explicit weighting parameter typically used in the combination of traditional physics-based and data-driven models. The effectiveness of the proposed model is substantiated through case studies using the NGSIM I-80 dataset. These studies demonstrate the model’s superior trajectory reproduction, suggesting its potential as a strong contender to replace conventional models in trajectory prediction tasks. Furthermore, the deployment of PICGAN significantly enhances the stability and efficiency in mixed traffic flow environments. Given its reliable and stable results, the PICGAN framework contributes substantially to the development of efficient longitudinal control strategies for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in real-world mixed traffic conditions.
Implementation of Biocontrol Macro-Organisms in France
Authors: Baratange Marion , Cardoso Johana , Robin Diane C. , Marchand Patrice A.
Published: July 2023

The use of macro-organisms for crop protection is one of the four pillars of biocontrol. These predators or parasitoids of crop pests are used, by introduction or conservation, in fields, greenhouses and orchards in order to reduce the impact of sucking (sap-feeding) or chewing (phytophagous) insects. However, plant protection is not the only usage of these macro-organisms, and the category was recently expanded to include global usefulness for plants in Europe. Since 2012, under the provisions of Articles L. 258-1 and -2, R. 258-1 of the French Rural and Maritime fishing Code (CRPM), and Decree no. 2012-140 of 30 January 2012, the introduction of non-indigenous macro-organisms has been regulated. Using all published national regulations, organism lists and outcomes from the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), we have characterized these indigenous and allowed non-indigenous macro-organisms in a systemic and complete way. After first studying these regulations and their impact in 2018, we analyze here the macro-organisms involved and their implementation regarding their origins, targets and applications in crop growth and protection.
Conservation Genetics of Clinch Dace Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori
Authors: Bourquin Rebecca , Moore Michael J. , Orth Donald J. , Hallerman Eric M.
Published: July 2023

Clinch Dace (Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori) is a newly recognized and yet-undescribed species of minnow with a restricted and fragmented distribution in the upper Tennessee River basin in southwestern Virginia, USA. We collected Clinch Dace from seven streams and observed variations at nine selectively neutral microsatellite DNA loci to infer population genetic processes and identify units for conservation management. Bayesian cluster analysis showed that three of the seven surveyed populations were genetically distinct, while the other four populations showed signs of recent admixture. Estimated effective population sizes and m-ratios were low within most populations, suggesting loss of alleles due to recent genetic drift. Positive FIS values, high average individual inbreeding coefficients, and high degrees of inferred relatedness among individuals suggested that inbreeding is taking place in some populations. FST values were high, and analysis of molecular variance indicated genetic divergence among populations. These indicators suggest that Clinch Dace populations are subject to the genetic processes that are characteristic of small and isolated populations.
Supercritical Dynamics of an Oscillating Interface of Immiscible Liquids in Axisymmetric Hele-Shaw Cells
Authors: Kozlov Victor , Subbotin Stanislav , Karpunin Ivan
Published: July 2023

The oscillation of the liquid interface in axisymmetric Hele-Shaw cells (conical and flat) is experimentally studied. The cuvettes, which are thin conical layers of constant thickness and flat radial Hele-Shaw cells, are filled with two immiscible liquids of similar densities and a large contrast in viscosity. The axis of symmetry of the cell is oriented vertically; the interface without oscillations is axially symmetric. An oscillating pressure drop is set at the cell boundaries, due to which the interface performs radial oscillations in the form of an oscillating “tongue” of a low-viscosity liquid, periodically penetrating into a more viscous liquid. An increase in the oscillation amplitude leads to the development of a system of azimuthally periodic structures (fingers) at the interface. The fingers grow when the viscous liquid is forced out of the layer and reach their maximum in the phase of maximum displacement of the interface. In the reverse course, the structures decrease in size and, at a certain phase of oscillations, take the form of small pits directed toward the low-viscosity fluid. In a conical cell, a bifurcation of period doubling with an increase in amplitude is found; in a flat cell, it is absent. A slow azimuthal drift of finger structures is found. It is shown that the drift is associated with the inhomogeneity of the amplitude of fluid oscillations in different radial directions. The fingers move from the region of a larger to the region of a lower amplitude of the interface oscillations.
Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads
Authors: Salmas Constantinos E. , Kollia Eleni , Avdylaj Learda , Kopsacheili Anna , Zaharioudakis Konstantinos , Georgopoulos Stavros , Leontiou Areti , Katerinopoulou Katerina , Kehayias George , Karakassides Anastasios , Proestos Charalampos , Giannakas Aris E.
Published: July 2023

Currently, food saving, a circular economy, and zero environmental fingerprints are of major interest. Scientific efforts for enhanced food preservation using “green” methods have been intensified. Even though chemicals could achieve such targets effectively, the global trend against the “greenhouse effect” suggests the use of environmentally friendly biobased materials for this purpose. In this study, the promising biopolymer chitosan is incorporated with the promising biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol to produce an improved biopolymeric matrix. This biodegradable biopolymer was further mixed homogeneously with 15% thymol/nano-zeolite nanohybrid material. The properties of the final developed film were improved compared to the relevant values of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol film. The mechanical properties were enhanced significantly, i.e., there was a 34% increase in Young’s modulus and a 4.5% increase in the ultimate tensile strength, while the antioxidant activity increased by 53.4%. The antibacterial activity increased by 134% for Escherichia coli, 87.5% for Staphylococcus aureus, 32% for Listeria monocytogenes, and 9% for Salmonella enterica. The water vapor diffusion coefficient and the oxygen permeability coefficient decreased to −51% and −74%, respectively, and thus, the water vapor and oxygen barrier increased significantly. The active pads were used in strawberries, and the antimicrobial activity evaluation against the mold of fungi was carried out. The visual evaluation shows that the active pads could extend the shelf life duration of strawberries.
Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Macrophages during Gout
Authors: Cobo Isidoro , Murillo-Saich Jessica , Alishala Mohnish , Guma Monica
Published: July 2023

The analysis of metabolite mediators has allowed a broader understanding of disease mechanisms. Experimental evidence indicates that metabolic rewiring is a key feature of inflammatory cells to restore tissue homeostasis upon damage. Over the last two decades, next-generation sequencing techniques have offered the possibility of looking at the genome-wide effect of the exposure of inflammatory cells to external stimuli. During gout flares, monosodium urate crystals activate a distinct metabolic profile and inflammatory transcriptional program in inflammatory cells. The extracellular signals are transduced through distinct signalling pathways, which are regulated by non-coding RNA and DNA sequences, and modification of histones. During response to inflammatory stimuli, changes in the abundance of metabolic mediators can regulate the activation of histones and of chromatin remodellers. The interplay between metabolic changes by MSUc, the regulation of epigenetic changes and the activation of transcription factor networks in inflammatory cells remains unknown. A better understanding of the interplay between metabolites and how it alters inflammatory response may provide novel insights into disease mechanisms during gout. In this review, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of the current view of how metabolic deregulation could alter the epigenetic landscape of inflammatory cells during gout.
Evaluation of Possible Side Effects in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence with Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Pavčnik Maja , Antić Anja , Lukanović Adolf , Krpan Žan , Lukanović David
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Magnetic stimulation is a type of conservative treatment of urinary incontinence. Our aim was to evaluate the possible side effects of this method. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review. The key search terms were urinary incontinence, magnetic stimulation, and female. All known synonyms were used. Results: 255 titles and abstracts were retrieved, and 28 articles met our inclusion criteria. Out of 28 studies, 15 reported no side effects, five reported side effects, and eight did not report anything. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the sham and active treatment groups. Conclusions: Side effects of magnetic stimulation in comparison to other active treatments are minimal and transient. Among the conservative UI treatment methods, magnetic stimulation is one of the safest methods for the patient and as such a suitable first step in treating UI.
Knowledge of Dental Trauma and Orthodontic Management of Traumatized Teeth by a Group of Lithuanian Orthodontists
Authors: Stučinskaitė Simona , Laugalė Paulina , Grinkevičienė Dominyka , Vėberienė Rita , Smailienė Dalia
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives. There is a deficiency of research on orthodontic movements and management strategies for traumatized teeth to avoid further treatment complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of Lithuanian orthodontists about dental trauma and the orthodontic management of traumatized teeth. Materials and Methods. Lithuanian orthodontists and orthodontic residents were introduced to the purpose, objectives and questionnaire of the study. The questionnaire was developed based on demographics, the participants’ personal experience, specific questions about dental traumas and orthodontic treatment tactics for patients with a history of dental trauma. Results. A total of 54 participants (42 orthodontists and 12 orthodontic residents) completed the survey. The overall response rate was 42.9%. The results of the survey revealed that the largest share of the study participants—61%—stated that they had treated traumatized teeth just a few times during the whole practice. Briefly, 53.7% of respondents inquired about the dental trauma history only if they saw signs of complications. The results of the survey revealed that the frequency of correct answers to questions about dental trauma was 63.7%, and that about the orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth was 54.9%. It is worth noting that one-third of physicians pointed out the lack of information about the orthodontic management of traumatized teeth. Conclusion. The knowledge of Lithuanian orthodontists and orthodontic residents about dental injuries and the orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth is insufficient. Further educational training is recommended.
Utilization of Phytic Acid as a Selective Depressant for Quartz Activated by Zinc Ions in Smithsonite Flotation
Authors: Wang Mengtao , Jin Saizhen
Published: July 2023

It is difficult to separate smithsonite from quartz with metal ion activation through flotation using sodium oleate (NaOL) as the collector. The inevitable Zn2+ in the flotation process of zinc oxide ore makes the separation of smithsonite and quartz more difficult. Thus, this study investigated the use of phytic acid (PA) as a flotation depressant to separate smithsonite from Zn2+-activated quartz while utilizing sodium oleate as the collector. Microflotation tests indicated that phytic acid could selectively inhibit the flotation of Zn2+-activated quartz without affecting the flotation of smithsonite. The measured zeta potentials revealed that the existence of phytic acid hindered sodium oleate adsorption to the surface of Zn2+-activated quartz but had little influence on the adsorption of smithsonite. Zn2+ dissolution tests and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the phytic acid could dissolve the Zn2+ from the minerals’ surfaces into the solution. In conjunction with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, the analysis indicated that phytic acid could adsorb onto the Zn2+-activated quartz surface and eliminate active sites for sodium oleate adsorption by dissolving the active Zn2+ from the quartz surface into the solution.