bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Bacteria Associated with Metal Rusting
Authors: Sani Sanusi , Aliyu Aminu , Bagudo Ahamad Ibrahim , Aliero Adamu Almustapha , Umar A A , Haruna Mujtaba , Usman M
Published: September 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This review provides an overview of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), emphasizing the significant role of bacteria in accelerating metal deterioration across various industries.
It highlights the complex survival mechanisms bacteria employ in metal-polluted environments, contributing to the corrosion process.
The study advocates for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding and mitigating MIC while suggesting future studies to prevent and control rusting.

Full Abstract
Metal rusting, also known as corrosion, is the deterioration of a material's characteristics, particularly metals, caused by chemical or electrochemical reactions in the surrounding environment. It consists of the interaction of iron or steel with atmospheric oxygen and moisture, resulting in the creation of iron oxide (rust). Bacteria have an important impact on the development and advancement of metal corrosion. microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), is becoming increasingly problematic as it affects multiple materials and industries in society. MIC demonstrates the possible negative effect that microorganisms may cause to a substance. Different categories of bacteria, such as sulfate reducing, sulfate oxidizing, slime forming, and iron oxidizing, are active bacteria involved in bio-corrosion. The bacteria have evolved different ways to survive in the metal-polluted surroundings, including an efflux system pump, complexation/stabilization, enzymatic transformation/detoxification, and plasmid mediation. Effective management of microbial corrosion in different industrial and environmental settings requires the integration of microbiology, materials science, and corrosion engineering. This paper highlights the crucial role of microbiologically driven corrosion, which leads to the deterioration of different materials and consequential economic losses. Furthermore, it highlights future studies that aim to gain a thorough understanding of the mechanisms behind bacterial-induced corrosion and develop strategies to prevent and control rusting.
Farklı Rollerde Ebeveynleşme ve Benlik Ayrımlaşma Arasındaki İlişkide Algılanan Yararın Aracı Rolü
Authors: Unver Buket
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı rollerde ebeveynleşme ve benliğin ayrımlaşması arasındaki ilişkide algılanan yararın aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Kurulan model, ebeveyn odaklı ve kardeş odaklı ebeveynleşme olmak üzere iki ayrı modelde test edilmektedir. Çalışmanın örneklemi 18-25 yaş arası, 137 kadın (%54.8) ve 113 erkek (%45.2) olmak üzere toplam 250 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara Demografik Bilgi Formu, Ebeveynleşme Envanteri ve Benliğin Ayrımlaşması Ölçeği sunulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız gruplar t-testi ve Process Macro eklentisi Model 4 kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre kadınlarda benlik ayrımlaşmasının erkeklere göre daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Aracı etki analizinde cinsiyet kontrol değişkeni olarak ele alınmış ve ebeveynleşme ile benliğin ayrımlaşması arasında ebeveynleşmeden algılanan yararın aracı rolü bulunmuştur. Bireyin her iki rol için de ebeveynleşme yaşantısı arttıkça bu yaşantıdan algıladığı yarar azalmakta ve algılanan yarar azaldıkça da bireyin benlik ayrımlaşma düzeyinin azaldığı görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda ebeveynleşme deneyimleyen kişinin benlik ayrımlaşmasına ilişkin zorlukları erken dönem yaşantılarını yorumlama biçimleriyle ilişkili olabileceği görülmektedir. Özellikle ebeveynleşme deneyimine dair olumlu tutumlar, bireyin ayrımlaşma sürecine katkı sağlayabilir.
UNIDADES CURRICULARES ELETIVAS DO ENSINO MÉDIO CEARENSE NA ÁREA DE LINGUAGENS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O APAGAMENTO DAS CULTURAS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Silva Maria Luciléia Gonçalves da , Arrais Francisco Tadeu Teófilo , Maldonado Daniel Teixeira , Lima George Almeida
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate how indigenous cultures are predisposed in the catalog of Elective Curricular Units (UCE) in the area of languages and their technologies in the state of Ceará for work with all students in Basic Education, seeking to present possibilities for the development of this problem in school. As a methodological resource, we used documentary analysis, in which the Elective Curricular Units (UCE) of the State of Ceará were analysed. The discussions presented in this study considered the following elements present in the UCEs: (i) teaching and learning content; (ii) theoretical foundations; (iii) articulation between the universal and the local in the discipline; (iv) approach to the issue of diversity and (v) objectives and skills presented. When analysing the number of UCEs in the area of languages and their technologies, we noticed a total of 112 components, and only four electives highlight the knowledge produced by the indigenous peoples of Brazil, corresponding to 3.5% of the total. This reality reduces the possibilities of including this theme in educational itineraries, as well as causing dissonances between proposed objectives, competencies and skills, favoring the development of mistaken interpretations, which may contribute to the reinforcement of stereotypes and discrimination. Therefore, we advocate that the education policy for Brazilian secondary education be reformulated, with a view to valuing the knowledge produced by marginalized groups in everyday school life.
CBL Espresso
Authors: Daunorienė Asta , Norvaišienė Ugnė
Published: September 2024

In today’s fast-changing environment, a challenge-based learning approach to real-world challenges is essential. These challenges can be solved by encouraging active engagement, critical thinking, collaboration, and creativity. You are invited to join the Challenge-based learning espresso, which will immerse you in the transformative world of challenge-based learning. We hope that you will build incredible solutions for the future through creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking.
Cds Quantum Dots Composite Sol-gel Rod for Optical Applications
Authors: KHAN M. Naziruddin , ALMOHAMMEDI Abdullah
Published: September 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) based on CdS were directly incorporated into a sol to fabricate solid rods. Various characterization techniques were employed to study the properties of the composite rod. A comparison between the absorption, emission, and excitation spectra of the QDs in the solid rod and in solution revealed their significant and stable nature in the solid state. SEM image shows that QD particles are well interacted with the sol gel environment. The observed particle size of QDs was heteronomous approximately from 5 to 10 nm. The XRD pattern of QDs illustrates their crystalline nature. The significant spontaneous emission (SE) signal was enhanced from QDs composite rod under the excitation of a 355 nm Pico second laser source. These findings suggest that further improvements in the integration of QDs into sol gel rods could be achieved by employing a higher density of QDs in the solid rod. The fabrication of QDs composite rods with a high concentration holds the potential for testing stimulated or amplified spontaneous emission in future studies.
The System’s Sensitivity and Its Use in Petroleum Research
Authors: Kwesi Gafrey Calvin , Wilson Robert , Tetteh-Abaku Samuel
Published: September 2024

Optical spectroscopic approaches, which use radiation to analyze the effects of the source radiation and its interaction with the material, are often preferred since many processes in the optical spectroscopy domain include non-ionizing radiation. They are also easier to set up, take up less space, and require less expensive apparatus. The study of reflection, absorption, transmission, and scattering qualities in optical spectroscopy reveals information on a material’s molecular makeup, crystal structure, scattering coefficient, and absorption coefficient, among other characteristics. The molecules’ electronic transitions, vibrational and rotational energies provide information used in optical spectroscopy investigations. Among the many other pertinent techniques already stated, petroleum exploration researchers have used X-ray fluorescence and laser-induced fluorescence techniques. These easy-to-use spectrochemical techniques can be utilized for environmental pollution evaluation and quality assessment if no other sophisticated methods are available for the analysis and research of crude oils and petroleum products.
Understanding Citizen Engagement in the Era of Smart Cities
Authors: Bvuma Stella
Published: September 2024

Beyond a simple technological demonstration, widespread public participation is necessary for the development of smart cities. To guarantee that underrepresented perspectives are heard, this entails tackling disenfranchisement, fostering digital literacy, and utilising a variety of engagement strategies (online forums and community gatherings). Long-term participation builds trust and gives communities the ability to co-design audit procedures and solutions through advisory committees and participatory budgeting. Citizen engagement in the era of smart cities is necessary for developing effective governance strategies, community collaboration and ensuring that technological advancement addresses the diverse needs of the population.
Hofstadter Butterflies in Topological Insulators
Authors: Li Larry , Abram Marcin , Prem Abhinav , Haas Stephan
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, we investigate the energy spectra and the bulk and surface states in a two-dimensional system composed of a coupled stack of one-dimensional dimerized chains in the presence of an external magnetic field. Specifically, we analyze the Hofstadter butterfly patterns that emerge in a 2D stack of coupled 1D Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains subject to an external transverse magnetic field. Depending on the parameter regime, we find that the energy spectra of this hybrid topological system can exhibit topologically non-trivial bulk bands separated by energy gaps. Upon introducing boundaries into the system, we observe topologically protected in-gap surface states, which are protected either by a non-trivial Chern number or by inversion symmetry. We examine the resilience of these surface states against perturbations, confirming their expected stability against local symmetry-preserving perturbations.
Cryopreservation of Oocyte in Livestock: Principles, Techniques and Updated Outcomes
Authors: Richard Netshirovha Thivhilaheli , Makumbane Vhahangwele , Deirdre Sehlabela Lerato , Constance Raphalalani Zwivhuya , Lottus Mphaphathi Masindi
Published: September 2024

Many biotechnologies are currently used in livestock breeding with the aim of improving reproductive efficiency and increasing the rate of genetic progress in production animals. The term “cryopreservation” refers to methods that allow biological samples to be frozen and then warmed again without losing their vitality. Cryopreservation is a process that freezes and stores fertilized oocytes for later use, such as gametes, embryos, and primordial germ cells; it is a component of assisted reproductive technology. While some procedures still employ slow-freezing methods, the majority now use vitrification, or extremely rapid freezing, for both oocytes and embryos since it reduces the possibility of harm because there is not as much ice crystal formation as there is with slow-freezing methods. Vitrification has proven to be useful in a variety of applications, including the in vitro production (IVP) of embryos in agriculturally significant or endangered animal species, such as pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, etc., after in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures in human embryology clinics.
Integration of Waste from Invasive Alien Species Phytolacca americana with Eucalyptus Commercial Pulp for Papermaking: A Review on the Evolution of Physic-Mechanical and Chemical Paper Properties
Authors: Iglesias Antía , Cancela Ángeles , Picos Juan , Soler Ana
Published: September 2024

The paper industry contributes significantly to the transformation of native forests into monocultures of fast growing exotic species such as Eucalyptus globulus, reducing biodiversity. This expansion, driven by the demand for cellulose-based products, threatens ecosystems by displacing native flora and causing soil impoverishment. To address these issues, the study explores the possibility of reusing waste fibers obtained after cleaning areas affected by a major presence of invasive species such as Phytolacca americana, as a sustainable alternative to traditional wood fibers in paper production. The research focused on Ribadumia riparian forest in Galicia, Spain, and involved the entire process of obtaining and processing Phytolacca americana pulp. It assesses the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting paper, using advanced techniques such as SEM visualization and physical paper tests. Results confirmed the suitability of Phytolacca americana fibers for paper production, with certain properties showing improvement and/or maintenance over those from commercial paper. Blends of Phytolacca americana and commercial bleached Eucalyptus globulus pulp demonstrated comparable quality, suggesting the feasibility of replacing commercial fibers like Eucalyptus globulus with those derived from the waste of invasive species. This approach could not only contribute to reduce monocultures and promote biodiversity, but to apply zero-waste dynamics in usually pollutant industries.
Schwann-like cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells: Their potential for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Martins Amorim Rogério , Vinícius de Oliveira Ferreira Lucas
Published: September 2024

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries pose a significant clinical challenge, often resulting in motor, sensory, or autonomic dysfunction that impacts patients’ quality of life. Despite the PNS’s capacity for regeneration, outcomes are not always satisfactory. In response to these challenges, new research is encouraged to provide more effective therapeutic approaches. In this context, cellular therapy emerges as a promising alternative. Evidence of the therapeutic potential of Schwann cells (SCs) in PNS injuries has been observed, yet their clinical application faces significant limitations. To address these difficulties, several studies have highlighted the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to transdifferentiate into Schwann-like cells (SLCs), holding the potential for treating peripheral nerve injuries. Therefore, this chapter not only reviews the involvement of SCs in peripheral nerve regeneration but also provides an overview of recent advancements in developing SLCs derived from MSCs and their therapeutic potential in peripheral nerve injuries. Additionally, it explores the future perspective of manufacturing nerve guidance conduits (NGCs).
Implants and the Maxillary Sinus: Modern Oral Implantology Changed Paradigms
Authors: Ihde Stefan , Awadalkreem Fadia
Published: September 2024

The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus located within the maxilla’s body. The health of the maxillary sinus is of significant importance for the body’s functions and health. Sinus pneumatization is a physiological process in which the volume of the sinus increases over time, exposing the roots of the teeth and leading to direct engagement of the roots with the sinus. Similarly, implants may protrude inside the maxillary sinus in cases with compromised ridge support, posing a challenge in implant treatment with respect to sinus health and implant survival rate. This chapter aims to elucidate the main aspect of the maxillary sinus’s health and to analyse the various aspects of implant protrusion inside the maxillary sinuses.
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention
Authors: Montaser Atasi Mohammad , Dankar Razan , Francis Jamil , M. Refaat Marwan
Published: September 2024

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in adults and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality due to both causing and contributing to an increase in the risk of stroke and heart failure. AF constitutes a significant public health concern. It is estimated that its management accounts for 1% of the National Health Service budget in the United Kingdom and between $6 and $26 billions of annual healthcare spending in the United States. This chapter includes the epidemiology and genetics of atrial fibrillation, with a special focus on the management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation, how and when to follow a rate control or rhythm control treatment strategy atrial fibrillation including catheter ablation. The chapter also includes assessment of a patient’s risk of stroke in the setting of atrial fibrillation as well as the options for anticoagulation and left atrial appendage closure.
Open Circuit Fault Diagnosis in Induction Motor Driver Inverter
Authors: Javier Villalobos-Pina Francisco , A. Reyes-Malanche Josué , Cabal-Yepez Eduardo , Ramirez-Velasco Efrain
Published: September 2024

The induction machines are the power horses in the industry due to the practically null maintenance, this kind of machines are use in a widely group of industrial applications, and with the advance of power electronics these machines replace another kind, like direct current (dc) motors attributable to the evolution of control algorithms and the digital platforms. In this context, a methodology is proposed to detect and isolate faults, focusing on the inverter stage of Induction Machine motor drives, with a specific emphasis on Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) faults, using phasor analysis and fuzzy logic. This methodology has demonstrated effective performance in detecting and isolating different types of electrical faults, such as stator inter-turn short-circuit. In this case, damaged switching IGBTs were identified using low computational resources. This research was motivated because some complex techniques like music (multiple signal classifier), dynamic observers, techniques based on mathematical models, statistics techniques, optimization techniques, AI techniques like deep learning, vector support machines, genetic algorithms, and so on, require a great quantity of data and or computer processing. Thanks to this scheme, it is possible to implement a low cost computational platform based on a TI DSP TMS320F28335 processor for a real-time fault diagnosis in Induction Machine inverter.
Pesticide Effects on Human Health and Pest Management
Authors: Sangaraju Rajendra , Kumar K Rajesh , Huynh Tien , Narayan Sinha Sukesh
Published: September 2024

This chapter covers public health, agriculture, pesticide regulation, and control. Pesticide resistance leads to higher costs. Agricultural and industrial xenobiotics are harmful to human health and food security. Insecticides and pesticides harm ecosystems. Pesticides pollute agriculture, the environment, air, and water. It does not affect harmless species such as fish, birds, parasites, pollinators, bacteria, or plants. Toxic chemicals can accumulate in tissues as well as in the environment. To reduce insect resistance, use synthetic and biological pesticides while boosting the population of natural predators and parasites. Integrated pest management is used in agriculture to control diseases, weeds, and insects. Integrated pest management is both affordable and safe. IPM uses chemicals to manage pests and protect crops. Pesticide efficacy is reduced by pollution, insect resistance, and non-target organisms. Because of the risks to human health and insect resistance, these pesticides are ineffective. IPM addresses these difficulties using biological, cultural, and mechanical means rather than insecticides. This complete method improves pest management, decreases chemical use, and preserves human and environmental health. Pesticides with different modes of action, proper administration, and insect population monitoring can help you make better decisions. Integrating pesticides with other strategies enhances agricultural sustainability and pest control.
Heat Transfer and Thermal Analysis with Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Tang Yingjie
Published: September 2024

This chapter provides general descriptions of heat transfer and thermal analysis within mechanical designs using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. CFD modeling is capable of evaluating all heat transfer mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation, with predictions on temperature distributions in solid embodiment or fluids. This modeling process can be extremely useful in mechanical design to help further understanding of thermal management and avoid hotspots with extreme temperatures. For the prototype design of any mechanical machine, CFD-based heat transfer and thermal analysis will efficiently discover the thermal signatures and save costs from prototype manufacture and field tests. This book chapter will review the numerical modeling methodologies in CFD, the discretization approach, and later, with an example analysis of real physical applications, including heat exchangers, flow distributing systems, power generation/conversion systems, etc. The goal of this chapter is to provide a general research map and help readers use CFD tools in future mechanical designs.
ADAPTIVE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS OF CARS: ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
Authors: Kulikov A. , Novikov Aleksey , Hripchenko M. , Chernikov E. , Novikova I.
Published: September 2024

The main factors of integration of electronic systems into modern passenger cars are considered. The description of the features of operation and the most important functions of the adaptive cruise control system is given. The operating principle and advantages of the road sign recognition system, working together with the intelligent dynamic cruise control, as well as the automatic system that regulates the speed of the car when passing turns depending on the angle of the steering wheel and the current speed of the car are presented.
THE STATE AND FEATURES OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE CENTERS
Authors: Shabanov Mikhail , Chernikov E. , Shabanov R.
Published: September 2024

The article considers the state and features of import substitution of measuring instruments in automobile service centers in Russia. The relevance of the topic is due to the introduction of Western sanctions and the need to reduce dependence on imports. The purpose of the study is to study the current state of use of imported and domestic measuring instruments in car services, analyze the advantages and limitations of using domestic measuring instruments, assess the impact of import substitution on the quality and cost of services, and develop measures to support import substitution. The state of import substitution in the automotive industry is analyzed, including existing programs and initiatives, the current use of measuring instruments and the effectiveness of support measures. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics and requirements for measuring instruments in car services, the advantages and limitations of domestic measuring instruments, the impact of import substitution on the quality and cost of services. Measures to support import substitution are proposed, including subsidies, benefits, quotas, R & D and export subsidies. In conclusion, the results are summarized, the prospects for import substitution of measuring instruments in car services are assessed, and recommendations for government agencies and businesses on the development of import substitution in the automotive industry are formulated.
Využití komparace s mateřštinou ve výuce angličtiny a výzkum jazykového transferu: přehledová studie
Authors: Špiříková Helena
Published: September 2024

This review study maps studies dealing with language interference and how it affects the production of a foreign language. The studies prove that the mother tongue is not only an obstacle while acquiring the second language, but also a support which can be used in the process of learning, by using comparisons with the mother tongue, for example.
Integrative legal operating model design: Incorporating ai and blockchain in legal practice
Authors: Mubarak Opeyemi Nurudeen  , Adetoyese Latilo  , Hendrickx Oreoluwa Imosemi  , Queenette Anuoluwapo Imosemi
Published: September 2024

The rapid evolution of technology has prompted a significant transformation in the legal industry, particularly through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain technology. This review explores the design of an Integrative Legal Operating Model (ILOM) that incorporates AI and Blockchain to enhance efficiency, transparency, and security in legal practice. AI’s capabilities in automating routine tasks, predictive analytics, and legal research are revolutionizing the way legal services are delivered, enabling law firms to reduce costs and improve accuracy. Blockchain, with its decentralized ledger system, ensures data integrity, security, and transparency, which are critical in legal transactions, contract management, and compliance. By integrating these technologies, the proposed ILOM not only streamlines legal processes but also redefines the roles of legal professionals, shifting focus from manual tasks to strategic decision-making and client advisory roles. The model advocates for a seamless incorporation of AI-driven tools such as natural language processing (NLP) for document review and smart contracts facilitated by Blockchain for automated contract enforcement. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of designing this operating model with a focus on ethical considerations, ensuring that AI algorithms are transparent, fair, and accountable, and that Blockchain systems comply with regulatory standards. The proposed ILOM is poised to address current challenges in the legal industry, such as inefficiencies, data breaches, and the high cost of legal services, by leveraging the strengths of AI and Blockchain. This review concludes by emphasizing that the adoption of this model requires a collaborative approach, involving legal professionals, technologists, and regulators to ensure its successful implementation and sustainability. The integration of AI and Blockchain in legal practice marks a paradigm shift, offering a robust framework for the future of the legal profession.
The influence of Behavior, Attitude, and Entrepreneurial education on Entrepreneurial Interest among Students in West Jakarta
Authors: Rodhiah Rodhiah , Hidayah Nur
Published: September 2024

Interest in entrepreneurship is an individual choice due to their courage to take risks in building, developing, and facing challenges in business. This research examines the influence of behaviour, attitudes, and entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial interest among students. Related to several previous studies, various internal and external factors that influence an individual's entrepreneurial intention have been identified. Internal factors may include an individual's attitudes and behaviours, while external factors encompass the entrepreneurial education that a person receives. The respondents in this study are fifth-semester students in West Jakarta, specifically from the Faculty of Economics and Business. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The data collection used is a survey accompanied by an open-ended questionnaire as the instrument. The distribution of the questionnaire can be conducted both online and offline—with a quantitative descriptive analysis technique using regression analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) program analysis version 3.00. The results indicate that behavioural control has a negative and insignificant effect on entrepreneurial interest. Attitude has a positive but not significant influence on interest in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial interest among students.
Step Back
Authors: McFarland Henry ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: September 2024

Is natural always the best choice? Should humans step in and usurp nature? Are there uniquely human experiences that should take place, even if it means greater risk? In this work of philosophical/ethics short fiction, Beth and Bob, a married couple, decide to have a child through internal pregnancy, a method that has become rare and discouraged in their society. Beth faces discrimination and loses her job due to her choice. She develops complications during the pregnancy and dies after giving birth to a healthy daughter. Bob blames himself for not insisting on a womb farm, the safer and more common method of childbirth. He finds solace in the friendship of Sandy, an asexual woman who is also their neighbor. Sandy undergoes gender assignment surgery to become female and eventually forms a relationship with Bob.
Examining Sibling Interactions and Conflicts Across Major Networks
Authors: Bressler Nancy ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This analysis raises the question of whether or not there is a connection between television networks and their representation of siblings on family sitcoms. Because it is a popular form of media, adults and children may use television to gather information. Parents’ desire to protect their children from violent and sexual content have led them to seek more family-friendly programming, such as those found on the Disney Channel. Domestic sitcoms on ABC, CBS, and Disney Channel were examined during the 2009-2010 television season using a quantitative content analysis methodology. The results found that positive interactions of television siblings outnumbered the negative 2 to 1. Types of sibling interactions, sources of conflict, and overall outcomes were also investigated. These results were further correlated with the net-work they aired on to determine if there was a relationship between the network and sibling interactions. By connecting both the fields of interpersonal communication and media studies, this study examines media representations through an interpersonal communicative approach.
A Rhetoric of Hate Speech: Informing Snyder v. Phelps via Narrative
Authors: Castro Jenna M. Lo ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This project works to examine why hate speech as it relates to United States First Amendment rights is largely controversial and difficult to explicitly define. Using Snyder v. Phelps (2011) as a focal case study, it then moves to examine the ability to exercise and express narrative in appropriate contexts and the solution that narrative can offer within a postmodern society. Narrative in this sense, can be seen as a resource for understanding, asserting, and sustaining moral courage in the face of adversity. Working from a hermeneutic grounded in a philosophy of communication, this projects looks to the construct of narrative as an invitation to discourse.
Cybersecurity Otherwise: Seeking Communicative Insights
Authors: Mancino Matthew P. ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This paper calls for a communicative re-consideration of cyber attacks and cyber warfare. Working from a communicative understanding of both cyberspace and cyber attacks as explicated by Lance Strate (1999) and David Gunkel (2001, 2007), I seek to explore broadened conceptions of cyberspace, the nature of cyber attacks, and suggest ways to begin thinking about appropriate responses to cyber attacks. This paper examines recent 2014 cyber attacks on Target, The Home Depot, and J. P. Mor-gan Chase as exemplar cases to understand the current way cyber attacks are being handled and understood by companies. Ultimately, this essay recognizes a need to reconsider definitions of cyber attacks and cyber warfare as a means to encounter creative and innovate responses that think and act otherwise.
Moving from Nel Noddings’ Ethic of Care to a Balanced Ethic of Care
Authors: Paharik Bayley ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This paper examines Nel Noddings Ethic of Care and then talks about how everyone of us need to move beyond her Ethic of Care into a balanced ethic of care while not losing site of what is truly important.
How Instructor Political Beliefs Influence Student Emotional Responses
Authors: Waldbuesser Caroline , Titsworth Scott ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

Through emotional response theory (Mottet, Frymier, & Beebe, 2006), the current study examines how students’ perceptions of shared political identity with their instructor influences their willingness to communicate in class and emotions during class. Using a mixed methods approach, the study asked students to report how their instructors discussed politics in the classroom. Results from a qualitative analysis revealed that students report-ed few instances where instructors discussed politics in class. Further, quantitative results showed support for willingness to communicate as being an approach-avoidance behavior based on emotional response theory. Last, students’ perceptions of having a shared political identity with their instructor was related to student enjoyment of the class and emotional valance.
Freedom Within Shackles
Authors: Sen Reshmi ,   Pennsylvania Communication Association
Published: September 2024

The phenomenology of somatic movement releases energy that interrupts trauma and creates a starting point for survival and vitality. Both phenomenology and somatic theory experience the body through the mind. Somatic practices also create a sense of “lived body” experience through the awareness of the body in motion and rest. Built on the chief example of Touch World, a non-profit organization led by Alokananda Roy’s culture therapy that restore and integrate the lives of inmates in the Correctional Homes in West-Bengal India, I argue that Roy’s dance drama creates a bodily awareness in these inmates that lead to changes in the self-construction of their identity.
Revision of the strongly flattened Megaprosternum Azevedo (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)
Authors: Colombo Wesley D. , Azevedo Celso O.
Published: September 2024

The flat wasp genus Megaprosternum (Scleroderminae) is studied and revised. Fifteen species are recognized, including five previously described ones: M. cleonarovorum, M. longiceps, M. neolongiceps, M. norfolcensis, and M. pentagonal. Additionally, 10 new species are described and illustrated: M. aka sp. nov. and M. bayaka sp. nov. (both from the Central African Rep.), M. chamorro sp. nov., M. hmong sp. nov., M. kariri sp. nov., M. kayin sp. nov., M. navatu sp. nov., M. nuaulu sp. nov., M. samburu sp. nov., and M. wakawaka sp. nov. An emended diagnosis and a detailed discussion regarding the morphological diagnostic characters of this genus and its species, along with comments about the distribution pattern of Megaprosternum, are also presented. Additionally, a taxonomic key for males and females of all species is provided.
DRUG RESISTANCE IN FOUR IMPORTANT HUMAN VIRUSES: UPDATED REVIEW
Authors: Yaro Prof. Abubakar , Ohanyido Dr. Francis , Ashok Rattan Prof.
Published: September 2024

Viruses causes severe infections and associated and linked with outbreaks of some major global diseases such as HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, influenza virus, dengue fever, common cold, and hepatitis. The infective process of viruses varies depending on the viral species; however, they follow certain steps in the infective process. The typical stages in their life cycle include (Fig 1): attachment and entry, viral uncoating, replication and transcription of viral genome, protein synthesis, assembly, and release of progeny virus. Antiviral drugs are used in combating viral infections and the development of these drugs has been major achievement in the global effort to mitigate infectious diseases. Antiviral drugs are available for a number of viruses including severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis-A and-B virus, influenza virus, Papillomavirus. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), respiratory synctial virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Although most of these agents are not curative, they can efficiently control viral replications. They can be either small or large molecules, synthetic or natural. Based on their mode of action (MOA), antiviral agents are divided into two classes: 1, inhibitors of the viruses or 2. Inhibitors of the target host cells. Viral –targeting antivirals (VTAs) act by either directly or indirectly inhibiting the biological functions of viral protein which results in the inhibition of the ideal viral replication machinery. Host-targeting antivirals (HATs) on the other hand target the host protein that are associated with the viral replication cycle, regulating the function of the immune system or other cellular processes in the host (3) The Food & Drug Administration Board has approved more than hundred antiviral agents which are based on either monotherapy and combined therapies (https://www.fda.gov). The approved drugs have different MOAs based on their functions or structures. These includes structural analogues, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, essential enzyme inhibitors such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, inhibitors that are specific to certain viruses such as influenza virus and HCV NS5A protein and NS5B polymerase inhibitors, immunomodulators, interferons, antimitotic inhibitors, and oligonucleotides
OVERVIEW OF FUNGAL DISEASE AND MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
Authors: Shanahan Dr. Kristy
Published: September 2024

Mycology is a biological discipline that deals with the study of fungi. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms but are not plants or animals. Fungi are non-motile and generally multicellular in hyphal mold, mushroom forms, or unicellular in yeast forms. Fungi are incapable of producing their own food, so they get their nourishment by absorption from other sources, usually other dead or compromised eukaryotes. These absorptive heterotrophs invade the inside of their substrate or host with hyphae, digesting it externally and absorbing its nutrients. Fungi are ubiquitous decomposers and the best recyclers in nature. They have no chlorophyll, do not need light, and are not photosynthetic.
EXOTIC TROPICAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Ojeamiren Dr. Gloria , Onuoha Dr. Chidubem Augunus , Samuel Prof. Olowo , Idowu Usman Abiodun
Published: September 2024

An exotic infection should strictly be understood as an infection originating from another country or one that is unfamiliar to a region. It can also refer to a disease in a region under a government eradication program or one that is being monitored. From an epidemiological perspective, an exotic infection is a disease that is more likely to occur in certain parts of the target population than others and in certain geographical locations more than others
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Ngoc , Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai
Published: September 2024

Gram-negative pathogens are now a major concern for scientists worldwide due to their ability to cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild to severe, which can be fatal if not treated promptly. Their high resistance to antibiotics complicates the treatment process. Therefore, this chapter introduces the morphology, biochemical properties, virulence factors, typical diseases, treatments, and preventive measures for the 10 most significant Gram negative pathogens currently encountered in clinical settings, including: Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter spp, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
IMPORTANT MICROBES IN DENTISTRY
Authors: Kashif Dr. Mehwash , Ashar Dr. Aman
Published: September 2024

In dentistry, microbes are crucial because they affect both oral health and illness. It is essential to comprehend these microbes in order to engage in proper dental hygiene and avoid dental diseases. One of the most important microorganisms is Streptococcus mutans, which is known to have a part in the development of dental caries. Because it depends on confections, these bacteria produce acids that damage tooth enamel and promote the growth of cavities. On the other hand, Streptococcus salivarius is advantageous because it produces antimicrobial peptides that fight harmful microbes and improve dental health
EMERGENCE OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE: NANOPARTCELS A NOVEL APPROACH TO COMBAT THIS CRISIS
Authors: Kaur Narinder , Verma Naveen , Kaundal Parika , . Poonam , Aman Fiza , Aman Dr. Shahbaz
Published: September 2024

Antibiotics made long lasting impact on medicine as being one of the most important discoveries of 20th era. They have played a pivotal role in combating bacterial infections and have saved countless lives, making a substantial positive impact on society. But, rise of drug resistant pathogens is a major concern, and the major fear of inefficient treatment of infections has been an eminent concern from the beginning of the 21st century [1]. It facilitated advancements in various medical practices, including the successful outcomes of surgical procedures, the low use of immune suppressant drugs, and the enhanced utility of antimicrobial drugs for preventive steps and to control infectious complications. However, developing resistance against antimicrobials poses a major challenge to health care settings globally [2]. AMR is a natural consequence of evolution because all creatures undergo genomic alterations to evade deadly threats. Bacterial pathogens continuously enhanced their resistance mechanisms as frequently as antibacterial drugs were targeted at them. WHO reported (2019), 700,000 patients died due to the lack of efficient treatment available for drug
METHICILLIN RESISTANCE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: A COMPENDIUM OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENT ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, TRANSMISSION, PREVALENCE, ASSOCIATED FACTORS, PATHOGENESIS, IDENTIFICATION OF PATTERNS OF ILLNESS IN HOSTS, NEW THERAPY, AND CONTROL STRATEGIES
Authors: Kaur Narinder , Verma Naveen , Kaundal Parika , . Poonam , Aman Fiza , Aman Dr. Shahbaz
Published: September 2024

Most healthy individuals usually have Staphylococcus aureus in their noses and on their skin. It is a coccus-shaped, gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial species (Tigabu et al., 2018). It is a human pathogen in addition to being a commensal bacterium. Approximately thirty percent of people are infected with S. aureus. In addition to bacteremia and infective endocarditis, it is the main cause of infections associated with other body parts, including skin and soft tissue infections, pleuropulmonary infections, and osteoarticular disorders (Tong et al., 2015).
BACTERIAL ASPECT OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
Authors: Rana Dr. Aditya
Published: September 2024

Bacterial agents causing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are of significant concern in developed and developing countries. The main concerns are Chlamydia trachomatis (LGV), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Klebsiella granulomatis ( granuloma inguinale or donovanosis), and Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are still carrying a larger burden. World Health Organization (WHO), in its estimation in 2020 highlighted that there were 374 million fresh infections of four common STIs, which means nearly 1 million new STIs every day. The most common STI is Chlamydia, with 129 million new infections each year. Gonorrhea follows with 82 million new infections annually, and syphilis with 42 million new infections per year. Sexually transmitted bacterial infections can appear in various forms, ranging from serious or potentially life-threatening illnesses like syphilis to incapacitating conditions with enduring effects, including pelvic inflammatory disease(PID), endometritis, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Additionally, milder manifestations like self-limiting urethritis with cervicitis are linked to bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Typically, the progression of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is influenced by both microbial virulence and the host's immune responses to the pathogen. Certain shared features of bacterial STDs include a greater occurrence among adolescents in contrast to older populations, implying a potential reinforcement of immune resistance as individuals age. When detected early, these infections are treatable with effective antimicrobials but may lead to irreversible consequences. Bacterial STDs can also increase the risk of acquiring infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This chapter provides briefs on the significance of infection, causative agents, clinical presentation, pathogenesis (involving both microbial and host contributions to disease onset and progression), diagnosis, and treatment.
TRANSFORMING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY CARE WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: K N Dr. Shashidhar , R Dr. Harish , K Dr. Prabhavathi
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform the care of diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of vision loss in individuals with diabetes. The article highlights the transformative potential of AI in diabetic retinopathy diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment guidance, and prognosis. AI algorithms, including machine learning and deep learning models, have shown remarkable accuracy in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy and can aid in screening programs, optimizing efficiency and scalability. AI-based systems enable risk stratification, personalized treatment plans, and continuous monitoring of disease progression and treatment response, improving patient outcomes. However, ethical considerations, regulatory challenges, and the need for data standardization and algorithm interpretability must be addressed to ensure responsible implementation of AI. The integration of AI into diabetic retinopathy management holds promise for personalized medicine and reducing the burden of vision loss, but further research and collaboration are needed to overcome challenges and fully leverage AI's potential.
19TH CENTURY CARDIAC DISORDERS IN AYURVEDA
Authors: Waghe Dr. Subhash
Published: September 2024

Ayurveda is a ancient Indian medical science. Many scholars like Charaka, Sushruta (155BC), Vagbhata, Madhav Kara, Sharngdhar, Bhav Mishra (450 AD to 1650 AD) etc have contributed immensely in the enrichment of Ayurvedic literature. In the late 19th century authors like Vinodlal sen, Gananath Sen, Gangadhar Roy etc have contributed in updating the Ayurvedic literature with time. Although we find description of heart disease in the form of acute coronary syndrome in classical Ayurvedic texts, but the description of other entities is obscure. In the book called ‘Ayurved Vigyana’ written by Vinodlal Sen (1870 -1910 AD), there is description of five different types of cardiac disorders, Viz.1. Vikshepika 2. Aayamika, 3. Pruthuka 4. Medasutra and 5. Parikshaya. Attempt has been made to study critically these disorders in the modern perspective. It is observed and concluded that disease Vikshepika corresponds to acute coronary syndrome in modern science. Disease Aayamika matches with the syndrome of cardiomegaly and heart failure. Disease Pruthuka coincides with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in modern science. Disease Medasutra can be called as the fatty degeneration of heart as per modern science. Disease Parikshaya is the degenerative diseases of heart.