bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Welche Rolle spielen die soziale Herkunft und die Schulform für die Wahrnehmung von digitalem Feedback und das akademische Selbstkonzept während der COVID-19 Pandemie?
Authors: Emde Fabian Alexander , Weber Kira Elena
Published: May 2022

Wie Schüler*innen Feedback wahrnehmen, bedingt die Wirkung von Feedback auf schulische Leistungen sowie die Genese von akademischen Selbstkonzepten. Durch die COVID-19 Pandemie veränderten sich die Rahmenbedingungen des schulischen Lernens und somit auch die Feedbackgelegenheiten im Unterricht. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde anhand einer Stichprobe von 668 Schüler*innen verschiedener Schulformen untersucht, wie häufig diese digitales Feedback von Lehrkräften erhielten und wie sie das Feedback wahrnahmen. Dabei wurde analysiert, welche Rolle die Schulform und die soziale Herkunft (sozioökonomischer Status und Migrationshintergrund) bei der Wahrnehmung von Feedback spielen und ob die soziale Herkunft, die Schulform und das wahrgenommene Feedback das akademische Selbstkonzept vorhersagen können. Bezogen auf die Schulform nahmen Schüler*innen an Gymnasien das Feedback ihrer Lehrkräfte als weniger fair wahr, akzeptierten es weniger und sahen weniger Nutzen in dem Feedback. Die soziale Herkunft von Schüler*innen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund spielte keine Rolle bei der Wahrnehmung des Feedbacks. Die Ergebnisse eines multiplen Regressionsmodells zeigten, dass der sozioökonomische Status, die wahrgenommeneFairnessund derNutzendes Feedbacks positive Prädiktoren für dasakademische Selbstkonzeptim Distanzunterricht sind. Die vorliegende Studie liefert damit erste Hinweise auf die Wahrnehmung von digitalem Feedback und den Zusammenhang zum akademischen Selbstkonzept. Die Ergebnisse implizieren, dass Lehrkräfte die Wahrnehmung des Feedbacks durch die Schüler*innen stärker einbeziehen sollten, um insbesondere das akademische Selbstkonzept zu stärken.
Nuclear medicine and radiotherapy in the clinical management of glioblastoma patients
Authors: Nardone Valerio , Desideri Isacco , D’Ambrosio Luca , Morelli Ilaria , Visani Luca , Di Giorgio Eugenio , Guida Cesare , Clemente Alfredo , Belfiore Maria Paola , Cioce Fabrizio , Spadafora Marco , Vinciguerra Claudia , Mansi Luigi , Reginelli Alfonso , Cappabianca Salvatore
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The aim of the narrative review was to analyse the applications of nuclear medicine (NM) techniques such as PET/CT with different tracers in combination with radiotherapy for the clinical management of glioblastoma patients.

Materials and methods

Key references were derived from a PubMed query. Hand searching and clinicaltrials.gov were also used.

Results

This paper contains a narrative report and a critical discussion of NM approaches in combination with radiotherapy in glioma patients.

Conclusions

NM can provide the Radiation Oncologist several aids that can be useful in the clinical management of glioblastoma patients. At the same, these results need to be validated in prospective and multicenter trials.
Congenital Spinal Canal Stenosis (CSS): A Case Report of Two Similar Rare Anomalies
Authors: Sabu Brinda , Raja Vijayalakshmi , Srinivasan Lata , Suresh Indrani , Seshadri Suresh
Published: May 2022

Congenital spinal canal stenosis is a very rare vertebral disorder. The etiology is not clearly defined. Genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors have all been presumed to play a role in the evolution of this defect. The incidence of congenital spinal canal stenosis is also unknown. To our knowledge, there are no prenatally described cases in literature. We report two unusual cases of congenital spinal canal stenosis associated with rib and vertebral anomalies. Both presented with vertebral anomalies at the thoracic level, congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) and rib anomalies. In view of multiple anomalies, both the pregnancies were terminated and the diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal pathological examination.
The Efficacy of Targeted Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Improving Mental Health and Cognition Among Youth and Adults with ACE Histories: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review
Authors: Moyes Ellie , Nutman George , Mirman Jessica Hafetz
Published: May 2022

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are associated with increased psychological wellbeing. The literature suggests that individuals exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may benefit greatly from MBIs. However, research has tended to focus on universal MBIs for this population with less attention on the effectiveness of targeted approaches. Moreover, there is growing concern regarding the methodological rigor of MBI research. This systematic mixed studies review (SMRS) reports the effectiveness of MBIs for improving mental health and cognition among individuals with ACE histories. Additionally, the review reports the quality and rigor of the included research. Systematic searches of PsycInfo, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, ProQuest Social Science database and the Child Development and Adolescent Studies database were conducted. Results were screened and data were extracted then synthesized using a data-based convergent synthesis design. Thirteen studies were included in the final review. Six prominent themes emerged. Themes indicated that MBIs were effective for improving mental health and cognition for individuals with ACEs. For example, improvements in mood and anxieties, as well as a better ability to manage emotions. Shortcomings in the quality of MBI research included lack of reporting of methodological details (e.g., randomization procedures) and not systematically reporting adverse event evaluations. Recommendations are made for future research to strengthen the evidence base for MBIs for individuals with ACEs.
Good and Evil in Recent Discussion
Authors: Russell Luke
Published: May 2022

This paper addresses the question of whether the concept of evil is philosophically adequate. It sets out a secular conception of evil that is sufficiently clear to be used in philosophical theorising. Evil, so conceived, is not merely a fiction or an illusion, but is a moral property possessed by some actions and some persons in the real world. While several philosophers have claimed that it is inescapably dangerous to use the concept of evil, the reality is that the concept of evil, when used carefully, is not prohibitively dangerous. Evil actions are not merely the opposite of good actions. Rather evil actions are are a small subset of extreme moral wrongs.
Influence of bioactive metal fillers on microstructural homogeneity of PA12 composites produced by polymer Laser Sintering
Authors: Gruber Piotr , Ziółkowski Grzegorz , Olejarczyk Michał , Grochowska Emilia , Hoppe Viktoria , Szymczyk-Ziółkowska Patrycja , Kurzynowski Tomasz
Published: May 2022

In this paper, polyamide 12 (PA12) blends with three types of metallic fillers are tested, which differ in the type of material and its’ morphology. Low content mixtures are taken into consideration (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 wt%), since a low impact on mechanical properties along with obtaining antibacterial properties are desired. The investigation focuses on filler distribution as well as the influence on microstructural homogeneity of the base material after processing with polymer Laser Sintering. Moreover, the influence of the filler content on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour were examined. Processability PA12 with bioactive metal fillers was confirmed, and no significant changes in ductile behaviour of PA 12 were observed. An in-depth analysis of the effect of the filler on microstructural homogeneity was conducted.

Graphical abstract
Alexa, know your limits: developing a framework for the accepted and desired degree of product smartness for digital voice assistants
Authors: Graf Erika , Zessinger Denise
Published: May 2022

This research investigates the conditions for the acceptance of digital voice user interfaces focusing on the accepted and desired degree of product smartness. We argue that digital voice assistants (DVAs) are different from other smart products because DVAs are not self-contained products. Smart products also work without DVAs. Therefore, the decision to buy and use a DVA is different. DVAs are not designed to work in isolation. Of course, they can be used only to talk to, but that greatly restricts what the assistants are capable of. The existing literature lacks research on the critical characteristics and properties of DVAs, as well as a categorization of their smartness in the light of the advances in artificial intelligence. The qualitative research design is based on interviews with users and non-users of DVAs. Using a qualitative content analysis, a category system for the degree of product smartness (PS) of DVAs is developed. This paper contributes to the existing literature by exploring the attributes that influence the perception of DVAs and providing a graduated framework for organizing the accepted and desired degree of smartness for DVAs. The framework suggests four gradations each representing an advanced application of artificial intelligence. Red lines appear for some applications, indicating that they are technically feasible but, at least currently, rejected. Rejection relates to the device’s autonomous decision-making and privacy control capabilities, as well as the style of interaction, when the DVA acts as though it was a friend. Future research should quantitatively investigate the relationships between user profiles and acceptance. For designers, the model provides guidance for offering user-customized settings for DVAs, according to user preferences.
Assessing the Potential of Water Reuse Uptake Through a Private–Public Partnership: a Practitioner’s Perspective
Authors: Georgiou Isabella , Caucci Serena , Morris Jonathan Clive , Guenther Edeltraud , Krebs Peter
Published: May 2022

Around 20% of the global water abstractions are originated by the industrial sector, while water demand overall will increase by 20–33% by 2050. Wastewater could provide an alternative source of water for industrial activities. There are not many studies exploring the potential of treated wastewater use under a private–public partnership (PPP), despite their potential of contributing to an effective integrated water management through the creation of inter-sectorial synergies. This paper aims therefore to provide a holistic overview of the main factors that affect the effectiveness of PPPs in using treated municipal wastewater in the industrial sector. Through a systematic literature review, the main barriers, drivers, industries and different applications of water use are analysed. Barriers and drivers are classified through the inductive Gioia method into seven categories. The results showed that economic and technical aspects related to the feasibility of the scheme were most prominent in the literature, while water availability seems to be central driving factor for such water reuse schemes. The conclusion of PPPs in water reuse, however, relies on the possibilities for such a partnership and on bridging the needs of the two parties, which entails effective communication through negotiation and information sharing. This paper is a first step to understanding how water circularity practices under an interconnected and sustainable urban environment can be facilitated and explored.
The Principles of Deep Learning Theory
Authors: Roberts Daniel A. , Yaida Sho , Hanin Boris
Published: May 2022

This textbook establishes a theoretical framework for understanding deep learning models of practical relevance. With an approach that borrows from theoretical physics, Roberts and Yaida provide clear and pedagogical explanations of how realistic deep neural networks actually work. To make results from the theoretical forefront accessible, the authors eschew the subject's traditional emphasis on intimidating formality without sacrificing accuracy. Straightforward and approachable, this volume balances detailed first-principle derivations of novel results with insight and intuition for theorists and practitioners alike. This self-contained textbook is ideal for students and researchers interested in artificial intelligence with minimal prerequisites of linear algebra, calculus, and informal probability theory, and it can easily fill a semester-long course on deep learning theory. For the first time, the exciting practical advances in modern artificial intelligence capabilities can be matched with a set of effective principles, providing a timeless blueprint for theoretical research in deep learning.
The Anthropology of Intensity
Authors: Kockelman Paul
Published: May 2022

What counts as too close for comfort? How can an entire room suddenly feel restless at the imminence of a yet unknown occurrence? And who decides whether or not we are already in an age of unliveable extremes? The anthropology of intensity studies how humans encounter and communicate the continuous and gradable features of social and environmental phenomena in everyday interactions. Focusing on the last twenty years of life in a Mayan village in the cloud forests of Guatemala, this book provides a natural history of intensity in exceedingly tense times, through a careful analysis of ethnographic and linguistic evidence. It uses intensity as a way to reframe Anthropology in the age of the Anthropocene, and rethinks classic work in the formal linguistic tradition from a culture-specific and context-sensitive stance. It is essential reading not only for anthropologists and linguists, but also for ecologically oriented readers, critical theorists, and environmental scientists.
The cost and cost efficiency of conducting a 24-h dietary recall using INDDEX24, a mobile dietary assessment platform, compared with pen-and-paper interview in Viet Nam and Burkina Faso
Authors: Adams Katherine P. , Bell Winnie , Somé Jérome W. , Colaiezzi Brooke , Wafa Sarah , Rogers Beatrice , Coates Jennifer
Published: May 2022

The INDDEX24 Dietary Assessment Platform (INDDEX24) was developed to facilitate the collection of 24-h dietary recall (24HR) data. Alongside validation studies in Viet Nam and Burkina Faso in 2019–2020, we conducted activity-based costing studies to estimate the cost of conducting a 24HR among women of reproductive age using INDDEX24 compared with the pen-and-paper interview (PAPI) approach. We also modelled alternative scenarios in which: (1) 25–75 % of dietary reference data were borrowed from the INDDEX24 Global Food Matters Database (FMDB); (2) all study personnel were locally based and (3) national-scale surveys. In the primary analysis, in Viet Nam, the 24HR cost US $111 004 ($755/respondent, n 147) using INDDEX24 and $120 483 ($820/respondent, n 147) using PAPI. In Burkina Faso, the 24HR cost $78 105 ($539/respondent, n 145) using INDDEX24 and $79 465 ($544/respondent, n 146) using PAPI. In modelled scenarios, borrowing dietary reference data from the FMDB decreased the cost of INDDEX24 by 17–34 % (Viet Nam) and 5–15 % (Burkina Faso). With all locally based personnel, INDDEX24 cost more than PAPI ($498 v. $448 per respondent in Viet Nam and $456 v. $410 in Burkina Faso). However, at national scales (n 4376, Viet Nam; n 6500, Burkina Faso) using all locally based personnel, INDDEX24 was more cost-efficient ($109 v. $137 per respondent in Viet Nam and $123 v. $148 in Burkina Faso). In two countries and under most circumstances, INDDEX24 was less expensive than PAPI. Higher INDDEX24 survey preparation costs (including purchasing equipment) were more than offset by higher PAPI data entry, cleaning and processing costs. INDDEX24 may facilitate cost-efficient dietary data collection.
Higher rank motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants of via wall-crossing, and asymptotics
Authors: CAZZANIGA ALBERTO , RALAIVAOSAONA DIMBINAINA , RICOLFI ANDREA T.
Published: May 2022

We compute, via motivic wall-crossing, the generating function of virtual motives of the Quot scheme of points on
${\mathbb{A}}^3$
, generalising to higher rank a result of Behrend–Bryan–Szendrői. We show that this motivic partition function converges to a Gaussian distribution, extending a result of Morrison.
Loyalty and Competence: The Political Selection of Local Cadres in China
Authors: Jia Linan
Published: May 2022

Scholarly debate on the role of various contributing factors in cadre promotion yields conflicting evidence for different administrative levels in China, yet rarely has any quantitative evidence been presented for below the county level. This study explores the causal relationship between loyalty, competence and promotion at the township level. Based on an original dataset of local cadre training records, this paper utilizes cadres’ training experience at Party schools and academic institutions to account for loyalty and competence at the local level. Using a rigorous data-preprocessing method – coarsened exact matching (CEM) – this paper explores the causal effects of cadre training on promotion. The empirical results show that Party school training significantly increases the probability of promotion for township-level cadres, while university training contributes to chances of promotion to a lesser but indispensable degree. Moreover, local cadres who are both Party school and university trained enjoy the best chances of promotion.
Scurrying seafarers: shipboard rats, plague, and the land/sea border
Authors: Skotnes-Brown Jules
Published: May 2022

This paper provides a broad overview of spatial, architectural, and sensory relationships between rats and humans on British and American vessels from approximately the 1850s–1950s. Taking rats as my primary historical actors, I show how humans attempted to prevent the movement of these animals between ports across three periods. Firstly, the mid- to- late-nineteenth century, where few attempts were made to prevent rats from boarding ships, and where a multiplicity of human/rat relationships can be located. Secondly, the 1890s–1920s, in which port authorities erected anti-rat borders to lock these animals on land or at sea. Finally, the 1920s–50s, where ships were reconstructed to eliminate all possibilities of rodent inhabitation and to interrupt their transit between ports. Ship rats, I argue, not only demonstrate the fragility of historical rodent-control efforts, but also encourage oceanic historians to consider how animals have negotiated and shaped boundaries between spheres of land and sea.
Capture and express, question and understand: Gloves in gestural electronic music performance
Authors: Schacher Jan
Published: May 2022

Gesture-based musical performance with on-body sensing represents a particular case of wearable connection. Gloves and hand-sensing interfaces connected to real-time digital sound production and transformation processes enable empty-handed, expressive musical performance styles. In this article, the origins and developments of this practice as well as a specific use case are investigated. By taking the technical, cognitive, and cultural dimensions of this media performance as foundation, a reflection on the value, limitations, and opportunities of computational approaches to movement translation and analysis is carried out. The insights uncover how the multilayered, complex artistic situations produced by these performances are rich in intersections and represent potent amplifiers for investigating corporeal presence and affective engagement. This allows to identify problems and opportunities of existing research approaches and core issues to be solved in the domain of movement, music, interaction technology, and performance research.
The Diurnal Path to Persistent Convective Self‐Aggregation
Authors: Jensen Gorm G. , Fiévet Romain , Haerter Jan O.
Published: May 2022

Clustering of tropical thunderstorms constitutes an important climate feedback because it influences the radiative balance. Convective self‐aggregation (CSA) is a profound modeling paradigm for explaining the clustering of tropical oceanic thunderstorms. However, CSA is hampered in the realistic limit of fine model resolution when cold pools—dense air masses beneath thunderstorm clouds—are well‐resolved. Studies on CSA usually assume the surface temperature to be constant, despite realistic surface temperatures varying significantly between night and day. Here we mimic the diurnal cycle in cloud‐resolving numerical experiments by prescribing a surface temperature oscillation. Our simulations show that the diurnal cycle enables CSA at fine resolutions, and that the process is even accelerated by finer resolutions. We attribute these findings to vigorous combined cold pools emerging in symbiosis with mesoscale convective systems. Such cold pools suppress buoyancy in extended regions (∼100 km) and enable the formation of persistent dry patches. Our findings help clarify how the tropical cloud field forms sustained clusters under the diurnal forcing and may have implications for the origin of extreme thunderstorm rainfall and tropical cyclones.
Evaluating Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of River‐Floodplain Surface Water Connectivity Using Hydrometric, Geochemical and Microbial Indicators
Authors: Brooks Alexander C. , Covino Tim , Hall Ed K.
Published: May 2022

Water‐mediated linkages that connect landscape components are collectively referred to as hydrologic connectivity. In river‐floodplain systems, quantifying hydrologic connectivity is challenging yet enables descriptions of hydrologic function that emerge from complex, heterogeneous interactions of underlying geomorphic, climatic and biologic controls. Here, we quantify surface water hydrologic connectivity using field indicators and develop a connectivity strength metric across a river‐floodplain system. To measure connectivity strength, we analyzed hydrometric data, conservative tracers, and natural occurring geochemical and microbial tracers across streamflows. We developed empirical models of hydrologic connectivity and predicted daily connectivity strength values across sites and assessed the sensitivity of connectivity to streamflow variability. Some floodplain areas were consistently connected or disconnected to the river, while other floodplain areas exhibited variable connectivity strength through the season. Of the locations with intermittent connectivity, some disconnected quickly and others had a prolonged disconnection phase. At the river‐floodplain system scale, we found hydrologic connectivity always increased with streamflow while across‐system variance in connectivity peaked at intermediate streamflow. Floodplain locations with intermittent surface connectivity demonstrated inter‐annual variability in hydrologic connectivity as a function of climate variability. Our results suggest that intermediate flows are critical periods for seasonal connectivity regimes and understanding the influence of changing climate on full flow durations will be required to predict impacts on river‐floodplain connectivity.
Hypertension treatment cascade in India: results from National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey
Authors: Amarchand Ritvik , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Krishnan Anand , Mathur Prashant
Published: May 2022

Hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease and stroke. We estimated prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension along with its determinants in India. We used data from the National NCD Monitoring Survey-(NNMS-2017-2018) which studied one adult (18–69 years) from a representative sample of households across India and collected information on socio-demographic variables, risk factors for NCDs and treatment practices. Blood pressure was recorded digitally and hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg or currently on medications. Awareness was defined as being previously diagnosed with hypertension by a health professional; on treatment as taking a dose of medication once in the last 14 days and; control as SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg. Multivariate Logistic regression was performed to estimate determinants. Out of 10,593 adults with a blood pressure measurement (99.4%), 3017 (28.5%; 95% CI: 27.0–30.1) were found to have hypertension. Of these hypertensives, 840 (27.9%; 95% CI: 25.5–30.3) were aware, 438 (14.5%; 95% CI: 12.7–16.5) were under treatment and, 379 (12.6%; 95% CI: 11.0–14.3) were controlled. Significant determinants of awareness were being in the age group 50–69 years (aOR 2.45 95% CI: 1.63–3.69), women (1.63; 95% CI: 1.20–2.22) and from higher wealth quintiles. Those in the age group 50–69 (aOR 4.80; 95% CI: 1.74–13.27) were more likely to be under treatment. Hypertension control was poorer among urban participants (aOR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33–0.90). Significant regional differences were noted, though without any clear trend. One-fifth of the patients were being managed at public facilities. The poor population-level hypertension control needs strengthening of hypertension services in the Universal Health Coverage package.
SAPAP3 regulates epileptic seizures involving GluN2A in post-synaptic densities
Authors: Zhang Yanke , Wu Junhong , Yan Yin , Gu Yixue , Ma Yuanlin , Wang Min , Zhang Hui , Tao Kaiyan , Lü Yang , Yu Weihua , Jing Wei , Wang Xuefeng , Tian Xin
Published: May 2022

Aberrantly synchronized neuronal discharges in the brain lead to epilepsy, a devastating neurological disease whose pathogenesis and mechanism are unclear. SAPAP3, a cytoskeletal protein expressed at high levels in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses, has been well studied in the striatum, but the role of SAPAP3 in epilepsy remains elusive. In this study, we sought to investigate the molecular, cellular, electrophysiological and behavioral consequences of SAPAP3 perturbations in the mouse hippocampus. We identified a significant increase in the SAPAP3 levels in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in mouse models of epilepsy. In addition, behavioral studies showed that the downregulation of SAPAP3 by shRNA decreased the seizure severity and that the overexpression of SAPAP3 by recombinant SAPAP3 yielded the opposite effect. Moreover, SAPAP3 affected action potentials (APs), miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated currents in the CA1 region, which indicated that SAPAP3 plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. Additionally, the levels of the GluN2A protein, which is involved in synaptic function, were perturbed in the hippocampal PSD, and this perturbation was accompanied by ultrastructural morphological changes. These results revealed a previously unknown function of SAPAP3 in epileptogenesis and showed that SAPAP3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of epilepsy.
RNA-binding protein MEX3D promotes cervical carcinoma tumorigenesis by destabilizing TSC22D1 mRNA
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Chen Xiaojing , Cai Xiaoyun , Lin Hui , Xu Junfen , Cheng Xiaodong
Published: May 2022

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been related to cancer development. Their functions in cervical cancer, however, are virtually unknown. One of these proteins, Mex-3 RNA-binding family member D (MEX3D), has been recently found to exhibit oncogenic properties in a variety of cancer types. In this present study, the functional roles and the regulatory mechanisms underlying MEX3D were examined in cervical cancer. The detection of MEX3D mRNA expression levels in cervical tissues was performed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. For functional analysis, for detecting apoptosis and cell proliferation in cervical cancer cells, the Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry were utilized (SiHa and CaSki). The potential mechanisms of MEX3D were assessed and elucidated utilizing western blot analysis, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and mRNA stability assays. For verification of MEX3D role in vivo, mouse xenograft models were established. When compared to normal cervical tissues, MEX3D expression was observed to be higher in cervical cancer tissues. MEX3D expression was increased in human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 positive cervical cancer tissues and positively regulated by HPV16 E7. When MEX3D expression was knocked down in cervical cancer cells, cell proliferation was decreased, colony formation was inhibited, and apoptosis was promoted. Furthermore, in a mouse xenograft model, knocking down MEX3D expression reduced cervical cancer tumor growth. In addition, MEX3D acted as an RBP to reduce TSC22 domain family protein 1 (TSC22D1) mRNA stability by directly binding to TSC22D1 mRNA. The findings revealed that MEX3D is upregulated by HPV16 E7 and has a crucial oncogenic in cervical cancer development via sponging TSC22D1 for destabilizing its mRNA levels. According to the findings of this study, MEX3D may be a potential therapeutic target for treating cervical cancer patients.
HIV- 1 lentivirus tethering to the genome is associated with transcription factor binding sites found in genes that favour virus survival
Authors: Suleman Saqlain , Payne Annette , Bowden Johnathan , Haque Sharmin Al , Zahn Marco , Fawaz Serena , Khalifa Mohammad S. , Jobling Susan , Hay David , Franco Matteo , Fronza Raffaele , Wang Wei , Strobel-Freidekind Olga , Deichmann Annette , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Waddington Simon N. , Gil-Farina Irene , Schmidt Manfred , Themis Michael
Published: May 2022

Lentiviral vectors (LV) are attractive for permanent and effective gene therapy. However, integration into the host genome can cause insertional mutagenesis highlighting the importance of understanding of LV integration. Insertion site (IS) tethering is believed to involve cellular proteins such as PSIP1/LEDGF/p75, which binds to the virus pre-integration complexes (PICs) helping to target the virus genome. Transcription factors (TF) that bind both the vector LTR and host genome are also suspected influential to this. To determine the role of TF in the tethering process, we mapped predicted transcription factor binding sites (pTFBS) near to IS chosen by HIV-1 LV using a narrow 20 bp window in infected human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their hepatocyte-like cell (HLC) derivatives. We then aligned the pTFBS with these sequences found in the LTRs of native and self-inactivated LTRs. We found significant enrichment of these sequences for pTFBS essential to HIV-1 life cycle and virus survival. These same sites also appear in HIV-1 patient IS and in mice infected with HIV-1 based LV. This in silco data analysis suggests pTFBS present in the virus LTR and IS sites selected by HIV-1 LV are important to virus survival and propagation.
Nano-crumples induced Sn-Bi bimetallic interface pattern with moderate electron bank for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Ren Bohua , Wen Guobin , Gao Rui , Luo Dan , Zhang Zhen , Qiu Weibin , Ma Qianyi , Wang Xin , Cui Yi , Ricardez–Sandoval Luis , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei
Published: May 2022

CO2 electroreduction reaction offers an attractive approach to global carbon neutrality. Industrial CO2 electrolysis towards formate requires stepped-up current densities, which is limited by the difficulty of precisely reconciling the competing intermediates (COOH* and HCOO*). Herein, nano-crumples induced Sn-Bi bimetallic interface-rich materials are in situ designed by tailored electrodeposition under CO2 electrolysis conditions, significantly expediting formate production. Compared with Sn-Bi bulk alloy and pure Sn, this Sn-Bi interface pattern delivers optimum upshift of Sn p-band center, accordingly the moderate valence electron depletion, which leads to weakened Sn-C hybridization of competing COOH* and suitable Sn-O hybridization of HCOO*. Superior partial current density up to 140 mA/cm2 for formate is achieved. High Faradaic efficiency (>90%) is maintained at a wide potential window with a durability of 160 h. In this work, we elevate the interface design of highly active and stable materials for efficient CO2 electroreduction.
Natural transformation allows transfer of SCCmec-mediated methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Maree Mais , Thi Nguyen Le Thuy , Ohniwa Ryosuke L. , Higashide Masato , Msadek Tarek , Morikawa Kazuya
Published: May 2022

SCCmec is a large mobile genetic element that includes the mecA gene and confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There is evidence that SCCmec disseminates among staphylococci, but the transfer mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that two-component systems mediate the upregulation of natural competence genes in S. aureus under biofilm growth conditions, and this enhances the efficiency of natural transformation. We observe SCCmec transfer via natural transformation from MRSA, and from methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. The process requires the SCCmec recombinase genes ccrAB, and the stability of the transferred SCCmec varies depending on SCCmec types and recipients. Our results suggest that natural transformation plays a role in the transfer of SCCmec and possibly other mobile genetic elements in S. aureus biofilms.
Regio- and enantioselective remote hydroarylation using a ligand-relay strategy
Authors: He Yuli , Ma Jiawei , Song Huayue , Zhang Yao , Liang Yong , Wang You , Zhu Shaolin
Published: May 2022

The design of a single complicated chiral ligand to well-promote each step of an asymmetric cascade reaction is sometimes a formidable challenge in transition metal catalysis. In this work, a highly regio- and enantioselective Ni-catalysed migratory hydroarylation relay process has been achieved with the combination of two simple ligands, one which accomplishes chain-walking and the other causing asymmetric arylation. This formal asymmetric C(sp3)−H arylation provides direct access to a wide range of structurally diverse chiral 1,1-diarylalkanes, a structural unit found in a number of bioactive molecules. The value of this strategy was further demonstrated by the Ni-catalysed migratory asymmetric 1,3-arylboration.
Epigenetic changes induced by in utero dietary challenge result in phenotypic variability in successive generations of mice
Authors: Van de Pette Mathew , Dimond Andrew , Galvão António M. , Millership Steven J. , To Wilson , Prodani Chiara , McNamara Gráinne , Bruno Ludovica , Sardini Alessandro , Webster Zoe , McGinty James , French Paul M. W. , Uren Anthony G. , Castillo-Fernandez Juan , Watkinson William , Ferguson-Smith Anne C. , Merkenschlager Matthias , John Rosalind M. , Kelsey Gavin , Fisher Amanda G.
Published: May 2022

Transmission of epigenetic information between generations occurs in nematodes, flies and plants, mediated by specialised small RNA pathways, modified histones and DNA methylation. Similar processes in mammals can also affect phenotype through intergenerational or trans-generational mechanisms. Here we generate a luciferase knock-in reporter mouse for the imprintedDlk1locus to visualise and track epigenetic fidelity across generations. Exposure to high-fat diet in pregnancy provokes sustained re-expression of the normally silent maternalDlk1in offspring (loss of imprinting) and increased DNA methylation at the somatic differentially methylated region (sDMR). In the next generation heterogeneousDlk1mis-expression is seen exclusively among animals born to F1-exposed females. Oocytes from these females show altered gene and microRNA expression without changes in DNA methylation, and correct imprinting is restored in subsequent generations. Our results illustrate how diet impacts the foetal epigenome, disturbing canonical and non-canonical imprinting mechanisms to modulate the properties of successive generations of offspring.
Freezing and thawing magnetic droplet solitons
Authors: Ahlberg Martina , Chung Sunjae , Jiang Sheng , Frisk Andreas , Khademi Maha , Khymyn Roman , Awad Ahmad A. , Le Q. Tuan , Mazraati Hamid , Mohseni Majid , Weigand Markus , Bykova Iuliia , Groß Felix , Goering Eberhard , Schütz Gisela , Gräfe Joachim , Åkerman Johan
Published: May 2022

Magnetic droplets are non-topological magnetodynamical solitons displaying a wide range of complex dynamic phenomena with potential for microwave signal generation. Bubbles, on the other hand, are internally static cylindrical magnetic domains, stabilized by external fields and magnetostatic interactions. In its original theory, the droplet was described as an imminently collapsing bubble stabilized by spin transfer torque and, in its zero-frequency limit, as equivalent to a bubble. Without nanoscale lateral confinement, pinning, or an external applied field, such a nanobubble is unstable, and should collapse. Here, we show that we can freeze dynamic droplets into static nanobubbles by decreasing the magnetic field. While the bubble has virtually the same resistance as the droplet, all signs of low-frequency microwave noise disappear. The transition is fully reversible and the bubble can be thawed back into a droplet if the magnetic field is increased under current. Whereas the droplet collapses without a sustaining current, the bubble is highly stable and remains intact for days without external drive. Electrical measurements are complemented by direct observation using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy, which corroborates the analysis and confirms that the bubble is stabilized by pinning.
Candida albicans evades NK cell elimination via binding of Agglutinin-Like Sequence proteins to the checkpoint receptor TIGIT
Authors: Charpak-Amikam Yoav , Lapidus Tom , Isaacson Batya , Duev-Cohen Alexandra , Levinson Tal , Elbaz Adi , Levi-Schaffer Francesca , Osherov Nir , Bachrach Gilad , Hoyer Lois L. , Korem Maya , Ben-Ami Ronen , Mandelboim Ofer
Published: May 2022

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen and a prevalent cause of deadly bloodstream infections. Better understanding of the immune response against it, and the ways by which it evades immunity, are crucial for developing new therapeutics against it. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes best known for their role against viruses and tumors. In recent years it became clear that NK cells also play an important role in anti-fungal immunity. Here we show that while NK cells recognize and eliminate C. albicans, the fungal cells inhibit NK cells by manipulating the immune checkpoint receptor TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) in both humans and mice. We identify the responsible fungal ligands as members of the Als (Agglutinin-Like Sequences) protein family. Furthermore, we show that blocking this interaction using immunotherapy with a TIGIT-blocking antibody can re-establish anti-Candida immunity and serve as a potential therapeutic tool.
Fermi surface chirality induced in a TaSe2 monosheet formed by a Ta/Bi2Se3 interface reaction
Authors: Polyakov Andrey , Mohseni Katayoon , Felici Roberto , Tusche Christian , Chen Ying-Jun , Feyer Vitaly , Geck Jochen , Ritschel Tobias , Ernst Arthur , Rubio-Zuazo Juan , Castro German R. , Meyerheim Holger L. , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: May 2022

Spin-momentum locking in topological insulators and materials with Rashba-type interactions is an extremely attractive feature for novel spintronic devices and is therefore under intense investigation. Significant efforts are underway to identify new material systems with spin-momentum locking, but also to create heterostructures with new spintronic functionalities. In the present study we address both subjects and investigate a van der Waals-type heterostructure consisting of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 and a single Se-Ta-Se triple-layer (TL) of H-type TaSe2 grown by a method which exploits an interface reaction between the adsorbed metal and selenium. We then show, using surface x-ray diffraction, that the symmetry of the TaSe2-like TL is reduced from D3h to C3v resulting from a vertical atomic shift of the tantalum atom. Spin- and momentum-resolved photoemission indicates that, owing to the symmetry lowering, the states at the Fermi surface acquire an in-plane spin component forming a surface contour with a helical Rashba-like spin texture, which is coupled to the Dirac cone of the substrate. Our approach provides a route to realize chiral two-dimensional electron systems via interface engineering in van der Waals epitaxy that do not exist in the corresponding bulk materials.
Triplet-driven chemical reactivity of β-carotene and its biological implications
Authors: Zbyradowski Mateusz , Duda Mariusz , Wisniewska-Becker Anna , Heriyanto  , Rajwa Weronika , Fiedor Joanna , Cvetkovic Dragan , Pilch Mariusz , Fiedor Leszek
Published: May 2022

The endoperoxides of β-carotene (βCar-EPOs) are regarded as main products of the chemical deactivation of1O2by β-carotene, one of the most important antioxidants, following a concerted singlet-singlet reaction. Here we challenge this view by showing that βCar-EPOs are formed in the absence of1O2in a non-concerted triplet-triplet reaction:3O2 + 3β-carotene → βCar-EPOs, in which3β-carotene manifests a strong biradical character. Thus, the reactivity of β-carotene towards oxygen is governed by its excited triplet state. βCar-EPOs, while being stable in the dark, are photochemically labile, and are a rare example of nonaromatic endoperoxides that release1O2, again not in a concerted reaction. Their light-induced breakdown triggers an avalanche of free radicals, which accounts for the pro-oxidant activity of β-carotene and the puzzling swap from its anti- to pro-oxidant features. Furthermore, we show that βCar-EPOs, and carotenoids in general, weakly sensitize1O2. These findings underlie the key role of the triplet state in determining the chemical and photophysical features of β-carotene. They shake up the prevailing models of carotenoid photophysics, the anti-oxidant functioning of β-carotene, and the role of1O2in chemical signaling in biological photosynthetic systems. βCar-EPOs and their degradation products are not markers of1O2and oxidative stress but of the overproduction of extremely hazardous chlorophyll triplets in photosystems. Hence, the chemical signaling of overexcitation of the photosynthetic apparatus is based on a3chlorophyll-3β-carotene relay, rather than on extremely short-lived1O2.
Comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccine responses and third booster dose-induced neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants
Authors: Belik Milja , Jalkanen Pinja , Lundberg Rickard , Reinholm Arttu , Laine Larissa , Väisänen Elina , Skön Marika , Tähtinen Paula A. , Ivaska Lauri , Pakkanen Sari H. , Häkkinen Hanni K. , Ortamo Eeva , Pasternack Arja , Ritvos Mikael A. , Naves Rauno A. , Miettinen Simo , Sironen Tarja , Vapalahti Olli , Ritvos Olli , Österlund Pamela , Kantele Anu , Lempainen Johanna , Kakkola Laura , Kolehmainen Pekka , Julkunen Ilkka
Published: May 2022

Two COVID-19 mRNA (of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273) and two adenovirus vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 and Janssen) are licensed in Europe, but optimization of regime and dosing is still ongoing. Here we show in health care workers (n = 328) that two doses of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or a combination of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vector and mRNA vaccines administrated with a long 12-week dose interval induce equally high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against D614 and Delta variant. By contrast, two doses of BNT162b2 with a short 3-week interval induce 2-3-fold lower titers of neutralizing antibodies than those from the 12-week interval, yet a third BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster dose increases the antibody levels 4-fold compared to the levels after the second dose, as well as induces neutralizing antibody against Omicron BA.1 variant. Our data thus indicates that a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may induce cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants.
Developmental mRNA m5C landscape and regulatory innovations of massive m5C modification of maternal mRNAs in animals
Authors: Liu Jianheng , Huang Tao , Chen Wanying , Ding Chenhui , Zhao Tianxuan , Zhao Xueni , Cai Bing , Zhang Yusen , Li Song , Zhang Ling , Xue Maoguang , He Xiuju , Ge Wanzhong , Zhou Canquan , Xu Yanwen , Zhang Rui
Published: May 2022

m5C is one of the longest-known RNA modifications, however, its developmental dynamics, functions, and evolution in mRNAs remain largely unknown. Here, we generate quantitative mRNA m5C maps at different stages of development in 6 vertebrate and invertebrate species and find convergent and unexpected massive methylation of maternal mRNAs mediated by NSUN2 and NSUN6. Using Drosophila as a model, we reveal that embryos lacking maternal mRNA m5C undergo cell cycle delays and fail to timely initiate maternal-to-zygotic transition, implying the functional importance of maternal mRNA m5C. From invertebrates to the lineage leading to humans, two waves of m5C regulatory innovations are observed: higher animals gain cis-directed NSUN2-mediated m5C sites at the 5' end of the mRNAs, accompanied by the emergence of more structured 5'UTR regions; humans gain thousands of trans-directed NSUN6-mediated m5C sites enriched in genes regulating the mitotic cell cycle. Collectively, our studies highlight the existence and regulatory innovations of a mechanism of early embryonic development and provide key resources for elucidating the role of mRNA m5C in biology and disease.
Rad51-mediated replication of damaged templates relies on monoSUMOylated DDK kinase
Authors: Joseph Chinnu Rose , Dusi Sabrina , Giannattasio Michele , Branzei Dana
Published: May 2022

DNA damage tolerance (DDT), activated by replication stress during genome replication, is mediated by translesion synthesis and homologous recombination (HR). Here we uncover that DDK kinase, essential for replication initiation, is critical for replication-associated recombination-mediated DDT. DDK relies on its multi-monoSUMOylation to facilitate HR-mediated DDT and optimal retention of Rad51 recombinase at replication damage sites. Impairment of DDK kinase activity, reduced monoSUMOylation and mutations in the putative SUMO Interacting Motifs (SIMs) of Rad51 impair replication-associated recombination and cause fork uncoupling with accumulation of large single-stranded DNA regions at fork branching points. Notably, genetic activation of salvage recombination rescues the uncoupled fork phenotype but not the recombination-dependent gap-filling defect of DDK mutants, revealing that the salvage recombination pathway operates preferentially proximal to fork junctions at stalled replication forks. Overall, we uncover that monoSUMOylated DDK acts with Rad51 in an axis that prevents replication fork uncoupling and mediates recombination-dependent gap-filling.
The kinetics of static recovery by dislocation climb
Authors: Kohnert Aaron A. , Capolungo Laurent
Published: May 2022

The initial microstructure of a wide range of structural materials is conditioned by thermo-mechanical treatments such as hot-working, tempering, or solution annealing. At the elevated temperatures associated with these treatments the dislocation microstructure evolves, usually decreasing in density through a process known as static recovery. Despite its technological relevance, static recovery is not fully characterized from a theoretical standpoint, with even the controlling mechanisms subject to debate. In this study, a climb-enabled discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) capability is leveraged to explore the kinetics of static recovery in pure Fe when controlled by dislocation climb. Quantitative data from these simulations is used to develop a revised static recovery law, and provides the parameters appropriate for predictive microstructure models in Fe. This law differs from previous analytical derivations invoking climb of dislocations, following the logarithmic trends typical of experimental observations where prior work did not. Direct comparison between the recovery law derived from DDD to experimental recovery data in alpha Fe shows strong agreement across a range of temperatures, and suggests that climb is the controlling mechanism for static recovery in pure metals.