bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparación entre manguera difusora y tubería PVC para la aireación en la producción de Litopenaeus vannamei con biofloc a diferentes niveles de proteína
Authors: Proaño Morales Jonathan Josue , Proaño Morales Andy Steveen , Moreira Sanchez Yessenia Katerine , Ibarra Mayorga Tertesa Eulalia
Published: August 2022

Al implementar la tecnología biofloc, la aireación es uno de los problemas para obtener buenos resultados productivos, por tanto, el objetivo fue comparar la eficiencia de la tubería PVC y manguera difusora, como sistema de aireación en cultivos con biofloc y dos niveles de proteína. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial con cuatro tratamientos, tres réplicas cada uno, con los dos sistemas de aireación y dos niveles de proteína bruta (PB) en el alimento balanceado en producciones de camarón Litopenaeus vannamei, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: para el tratamiento uno (T1) se utilizó tubería PVC y 28% de PB; para T2, manguera difusora y 22% de PB; para T3, manguera difusora y 28% de PB; para T4, tubería PVC y 22% de PB, todos producidos con biofloc. Las variables peso, talla, alimentación y el factor tratamiento influencian significativamente en la concentración de oxígeno disuelto (OD, mg/l) en la tarde, T1 es el que mejor se comportó en la tarde y T3 en la mañana. El tratamiento con menor sedimentación a los 20 y 30 minutos en la prueba de cono Imhoff fue T4 y el de mayor sedimentación fue el T3. No hubo diferencia significativa en la supervivencia entre tratamientos, los niveles de proteína sí influencian en las concentraciones del OD. El uso de tubería PVC aporta en el incremento de peso y de la concentración de OD en relación al sistema de manguera difusora con el 22% y 28% de proteína bruta.
Effects of influent municipal wastewater microbial community and antibiotic resistance gene profiles on anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent
Authors: Sawaya Christelle , El Khoury Charbel , Ramadan Lama , Deeb Reem , Harb Moustapha
Published: August 2022

Municipal wastewater management is an important target area for reducing the spread of antibiotic resistance, especially given the parallel increasing need for water reuse. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have the potential to play a key role in safely expanding non-potable wastewater reuse practices. In the present study, the effect of commencing treatment of municipal wastewater by an AnMBR was evaluated after an extended startup phase using only synthetic wastewater. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and β-lactams were quantified, and effluent microbial community progression was analyzed. Results indicated that the AnMBR effluent inherently harbored all targeted ARGs prior to the introduction of real wastewater (104–109 copies/100 mL effluent). sul1, sul2, and intI1 genes were notably higher initially than other genes and markedly increased after the system was transitioned to municipal wastewater. Although potentially pathogenic bacteria made up over 20% relative abundance of the influent, AnMBR effluents showed a marginalization of these groups as their microbial communities more closely resembled the tightly bound layer of membrane biofilms. This work highlights the need for emerging treatment systems to be evaluated on a basis that incorporates the differentiation of system-associated ARGs and assesses their environmental transmission potential within the effluent communities.
Control neuronal y difuso para sistemas fotovoltaicos
Authors: Robles Algarín Carlos Arturo , Viloria Porto Julie Pauline , Restrepo Leal Diego Andrés
Published: August 2022

En esta obra se encuentran consignados muchos años de experiencia de los autores en el desarrollo de controladores inteligentes basados en redes neuronales y lógica difusa para el seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Entendiendo la importancia de las técnicas de control inteligente y su aplicación en problemas prácticos, los autores a lo largo del libro presentan los conceptos básicos de los controladores implementados y su proceso de diseño en detalle. Estos controladores fueron evaluados en sistemas fotovoltaicos aislados de la red eléctrica, utilizando MATLAB como herramienta de modelado y simulación. Inicialmente, se presenta el modelado matemático del módulo fotovoltaico utilizado para diversos escenarios de simulación. Luego, se presenta el diseño y modelado de convertidores DC-DC necesarios para transferir la energía generada por el módulo fotovoltaico a una carga. Finalmente, se expone el diseño, diagramas de flujo y modelado de los controladores difusos y neuronales dinámicos con diferentes algoritmos de entrenamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la relevancia de esta obra, considerando las mejoras obtenidas con los controladores inteligentes en aspectos como el tiempo de establecimiento, seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia, disminución considerable de las oscilaciones y mejoras en la eficiencia y potencia suministrada a la carga.
Susceptibilidade à desertificação em uma microrregião semiárida do Brasil
Authors: Correia Gama Dráuzio , Freitas de Oliveira Favízia , Batista de Jesus Janisson , do Nascimento  Júnior José Monteiro
Published: August 2022

The present work was carried out as the objective of analyzing the susceptibility to desertification of the micro region of Ribeira do Pombal in Bahia. Currently the vegetative cover of the micro-region comprises 35% of its original formation with the largest remnants of Caatinga located in the municipalities of Itapicuru and Ribeira do Amparo. By the General Index of Environmental Degradation (IGD), the micro-region is at a fairly high level of degradation, with the highest IGD in the municipalities of Adustina and Paripiranga (0.21 <IGD <0.30). And Antas, Cipó and Nova Soure as the minors (IGD <0,10). By the Aridity Index (IA) and Incidence Index of Drought (IIS), the different types and levels of environmental degradation, the thermal instability, the low and irregular rainfall in the micro region of Ribeira do Pombal, more than 90% of the micro-region is susceptible to moderate desertification, especially the municipalities of Ribeira do Pombal, Banzaê, Cicero Dantas, Novo Triunfo and Antas.
Caracterização do turismo e impactos nas comunidades locais do arquipélago dos Bijagós (Guiné-Bissau)
Authors: Correia Junior Antonio , Da Silva Edson Vicente , Inácio Jalane Orlando , Sopchaki Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2022

O efeito turístico tem gerado análises, estudos e pesquisas sobre as relações que produz em consequência das viagens e dos efeitos negativos ou positivos produzidos nas populações receptoras. Tendo em vista que os residentes de destinos turísticos geralmente não são consultados quando o turismo começa a se desenvolver em sua localidade. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma discussão de autores que descrevem a respeito dos impactos do turismo nas comunidades receptoras e a importância de conhecer a percepção e a atitude dos moradores a respeito do turismo e seus impactos. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica foi possível perceber que os impactos positivos do turismo estão relacionados com o dinheiro proveniente dos turistas, geração de empregos e fortalecimento da cultura local. Por outro lado, o surgimento de aspectos negativos como criminalidade, aumento no consumo de drogas, congestionamentos, prostituição, impactos ambientais entre outros, fazem com que os moradores apresentem certa indiferença com relação ao turismo. Destacaram-se, entre as ações sugeridas para que os impactos sejam minimizados e para que o turismo na cidade possa ser melhorado: a importância do planejamento, a normatização das atividades turísticas e a necessidade de união entre os atores turísticas e a comunidade local. Apesar da consciência e da percepção positiva sobre turismo local, evidenciou-se a dificuldade de implementação das ações sugeridas, principalmente pela existência de conflitos de interesses.
Análise pericial de aterros industriais no município de Uberlândia (MG) com o uso de geotecnologias
Authors: Dantas Amaral Gabriella , Fernandes Silva Raquel Naiara
Published: August 2022

O monitoramento de aterros sanitários industriais se destaca pela sua importância diante do contexto de disposição final de resíduos, pois permite o controle operacional desses sistemas e contribui para a minimização dos impactos ambientais provocados por essas unidades. Diante disso, esta pesquisa visa estudar e praticar o uso de geotecnologias na realização de análises periciais nos aterros industriais de Uberlândia-MG e tem como apoio à decisão através da lógica booleana. A investigação criteriosa desses locais é de suma importância, pois, garante a minimização dos impactos oriundos deste empreendimento. A metodologia deste trabalho visou a estipulação de critérios de restrição, seguindo as diretrizes normativas vigentes, analisando os aterros que admitem resíduos industriais quanto a sua localização através de mapas booleanos com classificação de apto ounão apto. O resultado do mapa final de aptidão revelou que os aterros industriais no município de Uberlândia não estão em uma região apta. Por fim, caracterizou-se as técnicas de geoprocessamento como uma ferramenta prática e confiável. Apesar dos objetivos estabelecidos terem sido atingidos, análises in loco são de extrema importância a fim de corroborar o presente trabalho.
Expression and Functional Characterization of a Novel NAD(H)-
dependent 3α-HSDH
Authors: Lou Deshuai , Zhou Zixin , Zhang Xiaoli , Cao Yangyang , Long Qian , Luo Cunhong , Li Qiang , Liu Xi , Tan Jun
Published: August 2022

3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSDH) reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of
the C3-hydroxyl group of steroids, and has been used in clinical applications to detect serum total bile acid
(TBA). In this study, A novel 3α-HSDH (called Sb 3α-HSDH) was expressed and characterized.

Methods:

Plasmid pGEX-6p-1 was used for the expression of Sb 3α-HSDH in Escherichia coli (BL21), and
activities were determined by recording the change in absorbance at 340 nm with/without adding of ions. A
prediction of its three-dimensional structure was performed with AlphaFold.

Results:

The substrate specificity test indicated that Sb 3α-HSDH is NAD(H)-dependent and has no activity
with NADP(H). We also showed that Sb 3α-HSDH can catalyze the oxidation reaction of GCDCA and
GUDCA with catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of 29.060 and 45.839 s-1mM-1, respectively. The temperature
dependence of catalysis suggests that Sb 3α-HSDH is a member of the mesophilic enzymes with its best
activity at about 45 °C. The optimum pH of Sb 3α-HSDH was found to be between pH 8.0 and 9.0. The
effect of ions, including K+, Mg2+, Na+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ on enzyme activity was evaluated and K+
and Mg2+ were found to enhance the activity of Sb 3α-HSDH by about 20% at concentrations of 200 mM and
50 mM, respectively. The well-conserved GIG motif, the active sites, and the Rossmann fold in the threedimensional
structure indicate that Sb 3α-HSDH belongs to the “classical” type of SDR superfamily.

Conclusion:

We expressed and characterized a novel NAD(H)-dependent 3α-HSDH with typical threedimensional
characteristics of the SDRs that exhibited substrate specificity to GCDCA and GUDCA.
Current Advances and Prospects in Carbon Nanomaterials-based
Drug Deliver Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lai Chunmei , Li Linyan , Luo Bangyue , Shen Jiangwen , Shao Jingwei
Published: August 2022

The in-depth intersection between nanoscience and oncology comes from the
fact that nanomaterials are in a similar dimension to basic biomolecules. Drug delivery
systems (DDSs), which are either targeted to a particular site or intended for the controlled
release in a particular position, have been studied extensively at the nanoscale and
are, by far, the most advanced technology in the area of nanoparticle applications. This,
consequently lead to the improvement and development of convenient administration
routes, lower toxicity, fewer side effects, and extended drug life cycle. Carbon nanomaterials
(CNMs) with favorable size and unique fluorescence properties, which was considered
an ideal candidate to transport or deliver therapeutic drugs to specific targets in a
controlled manner. The development of DDSs based on them constitutes an interesting
topic in highly effective and universal therapies to achieve better therapeutic outcomes
and reduce the side effects of malignancies. In this review, the cutting-edge progress of
CNMs in DDSs was comprehensively summarized. Additionally, the emphasis was
placed on the applications of CNMs including fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs),
carbon dots (CDs), and nano-diamonds (NDs) in drug delivering. Further, we gave
some insights into the future direction and foreseeable challenges of DDSs based on
CNMs used in cancer therapy, which we hope these inspirations in DDSs associated with
anti-cancer therapy will provide perspectives in designing new drugs for further tumor
treatment.
The Role of Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Focusing on the
Therapeutic Implications of the Subfamily B2
Authors: Feng Feng , Sun Haopeng , Hu Yanyu , Lu Xin , Qiu Weimin , Liu Hui , Wang Qinghua , Chen Yao , Liu Wenyuan
Published: August 2022

The leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) are constituted by five inhibitory subpopulations (LILRB1-5) and six stimulatory subpopulations (LILRA1-6). The LILR populations substantially reside in immune cells, especially myeloid cells, functioning as a regulator in
immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory responses, during which the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are widely involved. In addition, LILRs are also
distributed in certain tumor cells, implicated in the malignancy progression. Collectively, the suppressive Ig-like LILRB2 is relatively well-studied to date. Herein, we summarized the whole family
of LILRs and their biologic function in various diseases upon ligation to the critical ligands, therefore providing more information on their potential roles in these pathological processes and giving
the clinical significance of strategies targeting LILRs.
Cancer Drug Resistance Reduction via Co-treatment with Oxaliplatin
and Nitazoxanide: Targeting the ABC Transporters
Authors: Hemmati-Dinarvand Mohsen , Mokhtari Hossein , Alipourfard Iraj , Beyrami Aghbash Elham , Kheirandish Shahnaz , Khodadadian Ali , Seghatoleslam Atefeh
Published: August 2022

Object(s):

Shortly after cancer is diagnosed, a phenomenon develops in cancer
cells called multidrug resistance (MDR), in which cell sensitivity against anti-cancer drugs
is significantly reduced. The present investigation aimed to assess the effects of nitazoxanide
(NTZ), a safe drug, on LS174T/OXP-resistant cells.

Methods:

In the current in vitro research, the effects of NTZ and oxaliplatin (OXP) on the
viability of LS174T and LS174T/OXP cell lines were evaluated through MTT assay. Then,
the changes in expression levels of MDR1, MRP1, BCRP, and LRP genes and proteins
were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting methods, respectively. Lastly, the
apoptosis status was assessed by annexin V–FITC/PI staining flow cytometry assay.

Results:

The IC50 values for cells resistant or sensitive to OXP were revealed (11567 nM
vs. 1745 nM; p <0.05 for 24 h incubation, and 5161 nM vs. 882.2 nM; p <0.05 for 48 h
incubation). Moreover, NTZ plus OXP led to a leftward shift in the cytotoxicity curve (2004
nM; p = 0.007). This co-treatment significantly decreased the expression of all genes and
proteins (p <0.05). Finally, the combination of NTZ and OXP induced a significant increase
in apoptosis (p <0.001).

Conclusion:

The data showed that NTZ treatment could increase the sensitivity of
LS174T/OXP cell line to the OXP cytotoxic effects. Thus, NTZ may be efficient in reducing
drug resistance in clinics by means of the negative regulation of ATP-binding cassette
(ABC) transporters. However, further studies are necessary to explain the exact mechanisms
of NTZ.
Formulation Development and Assessment of Solid Dispersion and
Hydrotropy for BCS Class II Drug Solubility Enhancement
Authors: Bajwa Neha , Singh Mela , Naryal Srishti , Mahal Shipra , Mehta Sumit , Madan Jitender , Baldi Ashish
Published: August 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of different hydrophilic polymers to increase
Arteether's water solubility.

Background:

Arteether is classified as a class II biopharmaceutical in the Biopharmaceutical Classification
System (BCS), with low water solubility (17 g/mL) and dissolution rate, resulting in poor bioavailability.

Objective:

The goal of this research is to improve the water solubility of Arteether (ART) by using a solid
dispersion and hydrotropic approach with a variety of carriers, such as PEG-6000 PVP K-30, Poloxamer-
188, Poloxamer-407, HPMC E 15LV, HPMC K-100M, sucrose, and mannitol, sodium benzoate, sodium
citrate, Urea, nicotinamide, and beta-cyclodextrin.

Methods:

Melting and evaporation methods were used to make the solid dispersion. Instrumental examinations,
including XRD, DSC, FTIR, and SEM, confirmed any physical changes caused by the interaction
of ART and carriers.

Results:

The most significant increase in water solubility of Arteether was discovered with CD:
PEG600:Pol -407, and the highest enhancement in solubility was 67 times. While 37.34 times and 49
times increase in solubility was observed at 1:4.3:3.7 weight ratio of AE: PEG-6000:Poloxamer-407 40
percent mix of nicotinamide, respectively. The in vitro results show that ART's dissolution rate in the
solid dispersion system was dramatically reduced compared to pure drug. This might be because of the
drug's enhanced wettability, dispersion ability, and transition from crystalline to amorphous form. Compared
to the ART itself, the permeability of Arteether from solid dispersion was increased up to 7 times.
However, the permeability of solid cyclodextrin dispersion was extremely low, just 4.42 times. This may
be due to the drug encapsulation in the cyclodextrin cavity.

Conclusion:

This research successfully developed and optimized various polymer and solubility enhancement
approaches for Arteether, resulting in increased water solubility, which may improve Arteether's
oral bioavailability. The findings of this study might be utilized to develop an oral dosage of
Arteether with enhanced bioavailability.
Various Analytical Methods for Estimation of Potassium Sorbate in Food Products: A Review
Authors: Salwan Sushant , Passi Indu , Kumar Bhupinder
Published: August 2022

Food preservatives are used to keep bacteria, moulds, fungus, and yeast from spoiling food.
Food additives are subject to strict rules (particularly in the European Union - EU), which consider the
food to which they can be applied, maximum permissible quantities, chemical characterization, and
purity. Sorbic acid, mainly potassium sorbate, is primarily utilised in a variety of commercially available
foods. Various analytical strategies for an asynchronous and simultaneous estimation of potassium
sorbate have been reported along with other preservatives in marketed formulations or food products. The
Square-wave voltammetry using a cathodically prepared boron-doped diamond electrode, quick UHPLCfluorescent
method, UV spectrophotometry, UHPLC-UV analysis, RP-HPLC, and mass spectrometry are
some of the analytical techniques used. We have compiled various analytical methods to detect potassium
sorbate with various other preservatives simultaneously or alone in marketed formulation. The authors
feel that the studies summarised in this report will allow readers to choose the most acceptable and
appropriate method for analysing this preservative.
Formulation Development and Optimization of Rosuvastatin Loaded
Nanosuspension for Enhancing Dissolution Rate
Authors: Kaushik Deepak , Rani Asha , Verma Ravinder , Mittal Vineet , Bhatt Shailendra , Kumar Manish , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Pandey Parijat
Published: August 2022

Background:

Nanotechnology has been considered an auspicious approach over the last
twenty years and numerous researchers are making efforts to extend its applications in pharmaceuticals. Recently, various nano-based drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, nanoemulgel, nanosuspension, and nanoemulsion, have been developed to deliver varieties of hydrophobics to target
sites. Rosuvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. The application of rosuvastatin is compromised because of its poor aqueous solubility
and low oral bioavailability.

Objective:

This research work aimed to develop and characterize nanosuspension formulation for enhancement of the dissolution rate of rosuvastatin.

Methods:

Nanosuspension of rosuvastatin was prepared by using PVP K-30 and tween 80 as a stabiliser via the high-pressure homogenization method. The nanosuspension formulation was optimised by
a factorial design to determine the effect of PVP K-30 (A), the concentration of tween 80 (B) and the
number of the cycle (C) of high-pressure homogenizer on particle size (Y1), polydispersity index (Y2)
and zeta potential (Y3) of the developed formulation. The optimised nanosuspension formulation of
rosuvastatin was assessed for particle size, zeta potential, PDI, pH, % encapsulation efficiency of the
drug, solubility study and comparative in vitro dissolution study. The optimised formulation passed
the stability studies in terms of physical stability (sedimentation) for three months.

Results:

Results: The optimised formulation resulted in 92.79 nm of particle size with a 0.201 polydispersity index. The nanosuspension of rosuvastatin showed higher dissolution rate as compared to the pure drug.

Conclusion:

This investigation demonstrated that nanosuspension preparation could be a promising
approach for improvement of the dissolution rate of BCS II class drugs
Challenges Faced by Parents of youth Abusing Substances in Selected Hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Sebolaisi Hlahla Lina , Maria Mothiba Tebogo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Once the youth is abusing substances or is diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder, the parents have to rearrange their lives. They do their best to adjust to the new normal of taking care of a substance abuser in the house. Some parents manage taking care of their youth abusing substances well, while others fail because of the challenges they face taking care of their youth abusing substances. This process has become a significant burden whereby the parents need assistance.

Methods:

A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, contextual design was used to explore the challenges faced by parents of youth abusing substances. Non-probability, homogeneous purposive sampling was used in selecting the study participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with a guide. Data saturation was reached at the 14th participant. Tech’s method of data analysis was used for the analysis of data.

Results:

The study’s findings have revealed that parents of youth abusing substances go through challenges such as lack of support from nurses, lack of support from other family members, lack of support from other health care workers. They are also faced with challenges such as youth not adhering to medical instructions, violent and disrespectful youth, and youth stealing to maintain their substance abuse behavior.

Conclusion:

The study’s findings indicated that the parents of youth abusing substances go through many challenges. Having support from health care workers and family members can help them manage their youth abusing substances.
Antibiotics in Paediatrics: A Boon or a Bane?
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Kaur Rupinder , Varghese Ashlin , Garg Nidhi , Arora Sandeep
Published: August 2022

Antibiotics play an essential role in antimicrobial therapy. Among all the medications
in children, the most commonly prescribed therapy is antibiotics and is currently the indispensable
means to cure transmissible diseases. Several categories of antibiotics have been introduced into
clinical practice to treat microbial infections. Reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics is a
global need and priority. This article aims to provide better knowledge and understanding of the
impact of the early use of antibiotics. This article highlights the proper use of antibiotics in children,
detailing how early and inappropriate use of antibiotics affect the gut microbiome during
normal body development and consequently affect the metabolism due to diabetes mellitus, obesity,
and recurrence of infections, such as UTI. Several new antibiotics in their development stage,
newly marketed antibiotics, and some recalled and withdrawn from the market are also briefly
discussed in this article. This study will help future researchers in exploring the latest information
about antibiotics used in paediatrics.
Влияние эффекта перколяции на резистивные переключения структур на базе нанокомпозита (Co-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-B-=SUB=-20-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-100-x-=/SUB=-
Authors: Никируй К.Э. , Емельянов А.В. , Мацукатова А.Н. , Кукуева Е.В. , Васильев А.Л. , Ситников А.В. , Демин В.А. , Рыльков В.В.
Published: August 2022

Comparative studies of resistive switching (RS) effect of metal/nanocomposite/metal (M/NC/M), metal/nanocomposite/LiNbO3/metal (M/NC/LNO/M) structures based on NC (Co40Fe40B20)х(LiNbO3)100-x (x = 6–20 at.%) with CoFe nanogranules 2–4 nm in size, as well as structures without a NC layer (M/LNO/M), have been carried out. It was found that the percolation conductivity in NC and presence of a thin LNO layer play a key role in the RS effect. When the metal content approaches the percolation threshold of M/NC/M structures (xp ≈ 10 at.%), low-resistance percolation nanochannels of granules are formed in structures with an embedded LNO layer, which ensure their stable RS, which, however, are noticeably suppressed as x decreases relative to xp by Δх ≈ 1-2 at.%.
Design and Development of an e-Learning Patient Education Program for Self-management Support in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Raunsbæk Knudsen Line , Lomborg Kirsten , de Thurah Annette
Published: August 2022

Background

Patient education is integral to the treatment and care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, change is taking place in the organization of health care systems because of a demographic shift toward aging populations and advancements in digital technologies, allowing for new interventions. However, evidence on how to provide web-based patient education within arthritis is limited.

Objective

This study aimed to develop an e-learning education program targeting patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

The development involved content specification and creative design with contributions from the investigators, patient research partners, and experts in communication, digital design, and e-learning. It was theoretically framed within theories of self-management and behavior change, multimedia learning, and entertainment education and empirically based on the evidence of patient education in rheumatoid arthritis and focus group discussions with patients, nurses, and rheumatologists. Finally, we conducted a feasibility test among 10 patients to assess the acceptability and usability of the program to identify areas to be adjusted.

Results

The 5 following themes for educational needs were found in focus group discussions: “Knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis,” “The disease course and prognosis,” “Medical treatment,” “A new life situation,” and “Daily life with rheumatoid arthritis.” Based on these themes, a didactic and entertaining e-learning program with a simple user interface was created. It consists of 3 modules covering the disease course, examinations, treatment, and daily life with rheumatoid arthritis. It combines animations, videos, podcasts, text, speech, and tests. The patients who tested the program found it to be feasible—that is, clear in content and easy to understand with a suitable pace and coherence between graphics, speech, and text.

Conclusions

This e-learning program is based on solid theoretical knowledge that meets users’ needs and is easy to use. Our study describes possible elements integrated in the development of web-based educational tools that can guide future development processes.
Digital Communication Between Patients and Health Care Professionals Across Disciplines and Sectors After Hospital Discharge: Facilitators, Barriers, and Effects
Authors: Jensen Lili Worre Høpfner , Dinesen Birthe , Kold Søren , Rahbek Ole
Published: August 2022

Background

Over the past decade, hospital admissions for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery have been shortened, and the time for informing and educating patients prior to discharge has been compromised. The transition of care from hospital to home poses a substantial risk of adverse events. Patients have difficulty remembering information and struggle to assess the severity of symptoms after discharge, leading to unplanned telephone contacts and clinic visits. These inquiries are frequent and pose a substantial burden on the health care system and patients. The COVID-19 pandemic showed an emerging need to implement new communication technologies. Asynchronous digital communication (DC) may provide easy access to health care and seamless communication across sectors.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate how DC can facilitate easy communication between patients and health care professionals (HCPs) across sectors and the effects of DC on patient-initiated telephone contacts after discharge.

Methods

The overall theoretical approach was inspired by Continuity of Care and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Substudy I was a scoping review on DC between patients and HCPs after hospital discharge. Substudy II explored DC in an orthopedic surgery setting and through a triangulation of qualitative data collection techniques. Substudy III investigated the effect of DC on patient-initiated telephone contacts after discharge.

Results

Preliminary findings from substudy I show that DC is increasingly used to support patient-provider communication after discharge. In substudy II, preliminary findings show that DC is feasible in a real-life setting, providing patients with easy access to HCPs, who accept and adapt DC to existing cross-sectoral workflows. However, barriers exist related to the technological integration between systems and individuals’ hesitation to use DC. In substudy III, DC is to be tested in a randomized controlled trial.

Conclusions

This study generates new knowledge of asynchronous DC that may guide future implementations across the health care system.
Associations among Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Engagement, and Weight Loss in a Digital Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program: A Non-randomized Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: McGuill Amanda , Jun Inyoung , Napoleone Jenna , Argauer Laura , Huang Eileen , Merry Melinda , Noble Madison , Juusola Jessie , Linke Sarah
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Modest weight loss is recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to help improve glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is recommended as a standard of care for individuals with T2D who use insulin, but more research is needed to inform recommendations for CGM use in all T2D populations. Digital diabetes self-management programs can help individuals with T2D lose weight and improve glycemic control. Less is known about the impact of CGM on program engagement within digital programs for diabetes self-management and the relationship between CGM use and weight loss for those with T2D.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study was to examine the difference in percent weight loss from baseline to 6 months between CGM users and non-users among commercially insured members with T2D in a digital program for diabetes self-management (Omada for Diabetes).

METHODS

A non-randomized retrospective observational cohort study was performed using data from 2,612 Omada for Diabetes program members (mean age=52.3 years, 56.4% female, 63.5% white) who started the program between January 1, 2021 and September 30, 2021. Data analyses examined the difference in percent weight loss over 6 months between CGM users and non-users overall as well as stratified by body mass index, program engagement, and CGM-adherence, and associations between program engagement and CGM group.

RESULTS

A higher percentage of CGM users (57.6%) than non-users (48.4%) were classified as ‘highly engaged’ with the Omada for Diabetes program (p<.001). Both groups showed significant within-group mean percent weight loss from baseline to 6 months (-2.0% CGM users, -1.8% non-users, p<.001), but no differences were detected between groups. When stratified by program engagement, highly engaged CGM users and non-users had significantly greater percent weight loss compared to those with normal/low engagement (CGM users: -2.50% vs. -1.33%, p=.004; non-users: -2.43% vs. -1.30%, p<.001). In fully adjusted models, CGM users and non-users had significant reductions in percent weight loss (β=-2.0%, 95% CI (-2.42, -1.57), β=-1.87%, 95% CI (-2.11, -1.63), respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Members participating in the Omada for Diabetes program had a significant change in mean percent body weight from program start to 6 months regardless of CGM status. A higher percentage of CGM users were more engaged with the program than non-users, and higher engagement across both groups was associated with greater percent weight loss. Further understanding the impact that CGM has in digital diabetes self-management programs for T2D could enhance program effectiveness, encourage sustained engagement, and inform standard of care recommendations.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Comments on "Research Trends in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Melanoma: Visualization and Bibliometric Analysis" (Preprint)
Authors: Liu None
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

There are some fundamental errors in "Research Trends in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Melanoma: Visualization and Bibliometric Analysis" (10.2196/32728) published in JMIR.

1) The search term (Multimedia Appendix 1) included immunotherapy. Obviously, immunotherapy included many treatments out of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy, talimogene laherparepvec, interleukin-2 and some other treatments are also immunotherapy but not ICB for melanoma. 

The search term included "TS=(immunotherapy)", which means papers contained "immunotherapy" in title, abstract, or keywords would been identified. Papers related to these treatments were included in this study, but these papers were irrelevant with melanoma.

I searched papers which related to melanoma but not ICB published between 1999 and 2021, and identified 3488 papers. The search strategy is (TI= (melanoma OR melanocarcinoma) AND TI=((immunotherapy) OR (CTL-associated antigen-4) OR (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4) OR (CTLA-4) OR (ipilimumab) OR (tremelimumab) OR (T-Cell Transfer) OR (adoptive cell therapy) OR (CAR-T) OR (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy) OR (talimogene laherparepvec) OR (T-VEC))) NOT TI=((checkpoint inhibitor) OR (checkpoint inhibitors) OR (checkpoint blockade) OR (PD1) OR (PD-1) OR (PD-L1) OR (anti-PD1) OR (anti-PD-1) OR (anti-PD-L1) OR (PD1/PD-L1) OR (PD-1/PD-L1) OR (anti-PD1/PD-L1) OR (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) OR (atezolizumab) OR (avelumab) OR (durvalumab) OR (nivolumab) OR (pembrolizumab) OR (tislelizumab) OR (camrelizumab) OR (penpulimab) OR (toripalimab) OR (sintilimab) OR (lambrolizumab) OR (pidilizumab) OR (cemiplimab)).

Although my search strategy may not be sufficient, it is enough to prove that this study included thousands of papers irrelevant to ICB for melanoma. ​Including so many irrelevant papers, the analysis of this study is insignificant.

2) The time span mentioned in the abstract and Figure 1 was 1999-2020. However, the text in Methods mentioned papers published in 2021 were included. Moreover, the paper number in the abstract was 9169, but the text and Figure mentioned 24093 papers were retrieved and 24086 papers were analyzed. In addition, Figure 1 mentioned 817 papers were excluded, but the difference value between the identified paper number (24093) and included paper number (24086) was only seven.

The time span, identified paper number, excluded paper number, and the included paper number are paradoxical. The rigor of this study is poor.

Besides, the analysis of this study is rougher and more superficial than most of bibliometric analysis published in high-impact journals. This study does not provide any new information and has no scientific value.
Acid-Base Disorders in the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Achanti Anand , Szerlip Harold M.
Published: August 2022

Acid-base disorders are common in the intensive care unit. By utilizing a systematic approach to their diagnosis, it is easy to identify both simple and mixed disturbances. These disorders are divided into four major categories: metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is subdivided into anion gap and non–gap acidosis. Distinguishing between these is helpful in establishing the cause of the acidosis. Anion gap acidosis, caused by the accumulation of organic anions from sepsis, diabetes, alcohol use, and numerous drugs and toxins, is usually present on admission to the intensive care unit. Lactic acidosis from decreased delivery or utilization of oxygen is associated with increased mortality. This is likely secondary to the disease process, as opposed to the degree of acidemia. Treatment of an anion gap acidosis is aimed at the underlying disease or removal of the toxin. The use of therapy to normalize the pH is controversial. Non–gap acidoses result from disorders of renal tubular H+ transport, decreased renal ammonia secretion, gastrointestinal and kidney losses of bicarbonate, dilution of serum bicarbonate from excessive intravenous fluid administration, or addition of hydrochloric acid. Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disorder found in patients who are critically ill, and most often occurs after admission to the intensive care unit. Its etiology is most often secondary to the aggressive therapeutic interventions used to treat shock, acidemia, volume overload, severe coagulopathy, respiratory failure, and AKI. Treatment consists of volume resuscitation and repletion of potassium deficits. Aggressive lowering of the pH is usually not necessary. Respiratory disorders are caused by either decreased or increased minute ventilation. The use of permissive hypercapnia to prevent barotrauma has become the standard of care. The use of bicarbonate to correct the acidemia is not recommended. In patients at the extreme, the use of extracorporeal therapies to remove CO2 can be considered.
Analysis of University Network Security Management and Countermeasures
Authors: Liu Jinzhao
Published: August 2022

With the development and progress of science and technology, the Internet is widely used in every aspect of people’s life. Chinese universities have gradually begun to apply the Internet. This facilitates the work and life of teachers and students. But the dual nature of campus network brings a series of threats to teachers and students. This paper states the problems and threats of network security management in colleges and universities. By putting forward the corresponding solutions and discussion, it provides theoretical support for jointly promoting the progress and development of network security construction in colleges and universities.
USE OF TEACHER’S PROFILE DIMENSIONS TO ASSESS SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN GHANA
Authors: BORDOH ANTHONY , BREW EMMANUEL , KINGSFORD OTOO ALEXANDER , OWUSU-ANSAH PHILIP , OSEI YAW ERIC
Published: August 2022

This study centered on the use of teacher’s profile dimensions to assess Social Studies student’s learning outcomes in the Senior High Schools in Aowin and Wassa Amenfi West Districts in the Western and Western North Regions of Ghana. The objective of the study was to assess how graduate teachers use profile dimensions to assess student’s learning outcomes in teaching and learning of Social Studies in Senior High Schools. This study adopted a multiple case study design. The data were used together to form one case. The population for the study were the Social Studies teachers teaching in the Aowin and Wassa Amenfi West Districts. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select the twelve (12) graduate Social Studies teachers and senior high schools respectively. The two main instruments employed for data collection in this study are interview guide and observation checklist. The findings concluded that, the way and manner Social Studies teachers assess their learners’ learning outcomes in Social Studies lessons was contrary to the main goal and objectives of the subject which is to develop a reflective, concerned, responsible and participatory citizen in the civic life of a country. It is recommended that, since most teachers do not use more authentic forms of profile dimension assessment techniques such as portfolio and peer and self-assessments techniques during lesson delivery, the teacher training institutions/universities should endeavour to infuse in their Social Studies curricula with more authentic forms of profile dimension assessment techniques in order to lay a strong foundation for knowledge base for teaching and assessing the learners learning outcomes.
A Numerical Simulation of Soret-Dufour effect on Unsteady MHD Casson Fluid Flow past a vertical plate with Hall current and viscous dissipation
Authors: Shukla A.K. , Dwivedi Yogendra Kumar , Quraishi Mohammad Suleman
Published: August 2022

The Casson fluid model, which is very significant in the biomechanics and polymer processing industries, is another term used to describe non-Newtonian fluid behavior. This study of Casson fluid model on unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow with Soret-Dufour effect past a vertical plate embedded in porous medium in the presence of radiation with heat generation/absorption and viscous dissipation is presented in this research article as a numerical investigation of non Newtonian Casson fluid with applied effects. Regulating partial differential equations have been used to explain the mathematical model of the flow field. The Crank-Nicolson implicit finite difference approach has been used to numerically solve non-dimensionalized flow field governing equations. Concentration, temperature, and velocity profile effects of non-dimensional factors have been investigated using tables and graphs as aids. Tables have also been used to observe fluctuations in factors like skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number in relation to other parameters.
Interactive Effect of Caste and Disability: An Analysis
Authors: Pithauria Neelaksh , Singh Dr Susmita
Published: August 2022

When Disability theory was formulated, the thinkers hadn’t imagined that their idea would intersect with multiple other concepts and themes; for example, Racial theory, then Feminism, Queer and LGTB. The disability theory originated on the western frontier, but its application requires contextualization and localization. This is the reason why, in the case of India, as a third-world country, needs multiple focus lenses for the applicability of disabled discourse; Dalit discourse is one such lens on which disability discourse can be tested, extended, and improvised. We here try to link "Dalit" as an identity with a disability, to understand its cumulative effect on the Dalit person with a disability. We believe that by taking this approach, we can raise the missing questions and assist the disability discourse in addressing the marginalised and neglected issues. In our analysis, we would first define the Disability and Dalit as distinct entities, and highlight the ordeal and discrimination they face. Then, we would take a look at the life of a Dalit person in India living with a disability, as we have described their situation as doubly disadvantageous and miserable, with particular mention of women with disabilities. We examined Indian laws related to, and addressed the problems of, both identities, and the intersection they forget. In conclusion, we would try to justify the need to look into the intersection of the Dalit identity with a disability, to address the raised concern regarding policy formulation and awareness in civil society and academia.
Conversion as Emancipation: A Study of Dalit Women’s Life narratives in Maharashtra
Authors: Deo Dr. Tejaswini Nandkumar
Published: August 2022

Millions of dalits converted to Buddhism in 1956 under the inspiring leadership of Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar. It was hoped that it will mark their socio-cultural emancipation from the clutches of erstwhile oppressive religion. Dalit women’s life narratives start appearing in public domain in Maharashtra from the late 1980s. A significant part of dalit women’s life narratives in Maharashtra is engaged in critiquing the still prevalent superstitions and ritual practices, and they wish to highlight the change and awareness brought in by ideological mobilization of Ambedkar led Dalit movement and conversion to Buddhism. Many life narratives recall how, with the conversion to Buddhism, the sense of shame, inferiority and degradation was washed away and document the intense feeling of liberation they experienced. In this paper, I wish to examine select life narratives written by dalit women in Maharashtra in order to analyse the role of religion, and conversion to Buddhism both as an actual event as well as a symbol of cultural regeneration in their self-assertion. There is a great element of self-reflexivity in the life narratives as they comment on the hold of Hindu cultural assumptions and traditions on their mind. I hope to trace this self-reflexive element as they introspect whether the community has lived up to the emancipatory hopes and expectations of Dr Ambedkar post conversion to Buddhism.
ДИАГНОСТИКА ИСПРАВНОСТИ ДИСТАНЦИОННЫХ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЕЙ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ УСТРОЙСТВАМИ ВСТРОЕННОГО КОНТРОЛЯ
Authors: Медеев Д.А.
Published: August 2022

Рассматриваются способы построения и устройства систем самодиагностики исправности дистанционных измерителей параметров движения. Приводятся экспериментальные данные проверки исправности. Описываются преимущества устройств систем самодиагностики исправности.
Community structure of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an open habitat: the importance of environmental heterogeneity and interspecific interactions
Authors: Kuchenbecker Juliana , Cuevas-Reyes Pablo , Fagundes Marcílio
Published: August 2022

Ant species are highly sensitive to environmental changes, and ant community structure can be shaped by environmental heterogeneity and interspecific interactions. We tested 2 hypotheses: (1) vegetation structure negatively affecting ant diversity in simplified habitats and (2) interspecific interactions shaping ant communities. We collected ants on shrubs distributed in 16 sampling units of 100 m2 using the entomological umbrella and beating technique in a regenerating Cerrado area of Brazil. The richness, abundance and average height of the plants were used as a measure of environmental heterogeneity. A total of 457 ants belonging to 17 species were sampled. We observed higher ant species richness in plots with greater plant abundance and lower plant height. We observed a negative relationship between ant abundance and plant height per plot. These results corroborate that vegetation structure negatively affects ant diversity in simplified habitats. The observed values of co-occurrence index differed from the expected values of simulated matrices, suggesting that competition shaping ant community in simplified habitats. We highlight the importance of conserving small trees, especially in structurally less complex habitats, because they represent key elements that harbor high ant species diversity.