bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ag and Cu loaded on TiO2/graphite as a catalyst for Escherichia coli-contaminated water disinfection
Authors: Rahmawati Fitria , Kusumaningsih Triana , Hapsari Anita , Hastuti Aris
Published: May 2010

TiO2 film was synthesized by means of the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method from TiCl4 as a precursor and surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a linking and assembling agent of the titanium hydroxide network on a graphite substrate. Ag and Cu were loaded on the TiO2 film by means of electrodeposition at various applied currents. Photoelectrochemical testing on the composite of Ag-TiO2/G and Cu-TiO2/G was used to define the composite for Escherichia coli-contaminated water disinfection. Disinfection efficiency and the rate of disinfection of E. coli-contaminated water with Ag-TiO2/G as a catalyst was higher than that observed for Cu-TiO2/G in all disinfection methods including photocatalysis (PC), electrocatalysis (EC), and photoelectrocatalysis (PEC). The highest rate constant was achieved by the PEC method using Ag-TiO2/G, k was 6.49 × 10−2 CFU mL−1 min−1. Effective disinfection times of 24 h (EDT24) and 48 h (EDT48) were achieved in all methods except the EC method using Cu-TiO2/G.
Single crystal X-ray structure and optical properties of anthraquinone-based dyes
Authors: Kurtoglu Nurcan , Aslantaş Mehmet , Zengin Huseyin , Şahin Ertan , Kurtoglu Mukerrem
Published: May 2010

This study focuses on the preparation, single crystal X-ray diffraction, characterization, and optical properties of some anthraquinone-based dyes. The anthraquinone-based antimicrobial dye N-{2-[(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-N,N-dimethylbutan-1-aminium chloride monohydrate (III) was obtained from 1-aminoanthraquinone (I) via 2-chloro-N-(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-1-yl)acetamide (II) using known preparation and characterization methods. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of III revealed a monoclinic system, space group P21/n, Z = 4. Photoluminescence properties of anthraquinone dyes I–III were also investigated. These dyes gave an intense emission (λmax = 341 nm) upon the irradiation by UV light and showed photoluminescence quantum yields of 73 %, 66 %, and 61 % with long excited-state lifetimes of 6.87 ns, 6.14 ns, and 5.69 ns, respectively. These anthraquinone dyes are of interest as an organic light emitting material for electroluminescent devices.
Low-density polyethylene in mixtures of hexane and benzene derivates
Authors: Randová Alena , Bartovská Lidmila , Hovorka Štěpán , Izák Pavel , Poloncarzová Magda , Bartovský Tomáš
Published: May 2010

Preferential sorption, equilibrium swelling degree, and volume of the swollen membrane in systems low-density polyethylene + hexane + aromatic compound (benzene, methylbenzene, or ethylbenzene) were studied using gravimetric and dilatometric methods at the temperature of 25 °C. Aromatic compounds are preferentially sorbed in low-density polyethylene compared to hexane. Experimental volume changes of the membrane were found to be noticeably different from those calculated on the basis of mass sorption data under the assumption of additivity. This difference points to the existence of the interactions between the polymer and the surrounding liquid mixture. The volume swelling degree curves are close to each other in the whole concentration range of the binary liquid mixture (hexane + aromatics) suggesting that the attractive forces between the polymer chains are the deciding factor limiting the volume expansion of the membrane in all three systems to the same extent.
Preparation, spectral, thermal, and biological properties of zinc(II) 4-chloro- and 5-chlorosalicylate complexes with methyl 3-pyridylcarbamate and phenazone
Authors: Bujdošová Zuzana , Györyová Katarína , Hudecová Daniela , Kovářová Jana , Halás Ladislav
Published: May 2010

New zinc(II) 4-chloro- and 5-chlorosalicylate complex compounds of the general formula ((4- or 5-Cl)C6H3(2-OH)COO)2Zn · Ln (where L = methyl 3-pyridylcarbamate, phenazone; n = 2, 4) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis (TG/DTG, DTA), and IR spectroscopy. During thermal decomposition, mpc, phen, chlorosalicylic acid, chlorophenol, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide were released. Volatile products of the thermal decomposition were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The final solid product of the thermal decomposition up to 700°C was zinc oxide or metallic zinc. Antimicrobial activity of the compounds prepared was tested against various strains of bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. The highest antimicrobial effect was determined against the G+ bacteria S. aureus.
Femur Rotation and Patellofemoral Joint Kinematics: A Weight-Bearing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis
Authors: Souza Richard B. , Draper Christie E. , Fredericson Michael , Powers Christopher M.
Published: May 2010

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.

Objectives

To compare patellofemoral joint kinematics, femoral rotation, and patella rotation between females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and pain-free controls using weight-bearing kinematic magnetic resonance imaging.

Background

Recently, it has been recognized that patellofemoral malalignment may be the result of femoral motion as opposed to patella motion.

Methods

Fifteen females with PFP and 15 pain-free females between the ages of 18 and 45 years participated in this study. Kinematic imaging of the patellofemoral joint was performed using a vertically open magnetic resonance imaging system. Axial-oblique images were obtained using a fast gradient-echo pulse sequence. Images were acquired at a rate of 1 image per second while subjects performed a single-limb squat. Measures of femur and patella rotation (relative to the image field of view), lateral patella tilt, and lateral patella displacement were made from images obtained at 45°, 30°, 15°, and 0° of knee flexion. Group differences were assessed using a mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures.

Results

When compared to the control group, females with PFP demonstrated significantly greater lateral patella displacement at all angles evaluated and significantly greater lateral patella tilt at 30°, 15°, and 0° of knee flexion. Similarly, greater medial femoral rotation was observed in the PFP group at 45°, 15°, and 0° of knee flexion when compared to the control group. No group differences in patella rotation were found.

Conclusion

Altered patellofemoral joint kinematics in females with PFP appears to be related to excessive medial femoral rotation, as opposed to lateral patella rotation. Our results suggest that the control of femur rotation may be important in restoring normal patellofemoral joint kinematics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(5):277–285. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3215
Influence of CO2 Laser Radiation on the Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement Pastes
Authors: Moreno-Virgen M. R. , Soto-Bernal J. J. , Ortiz-Lozano J. A. , Bonilla-Petriciolet A. , Vega-Durán J. T. , González-Mota R. , Pineda-Piñon J.
Published: May 2010

This article presents the results of the treatment of fresh cement pastes with CO2 laser radiation (10.6μm), in order to improve its mechanical properties in addition to obtaining lower setting times than those of a natural setting (without radiation .) It was observed that the CO2 laser radiation has a positive influence on the mechanical properties of cement paste, not due to the heat produced during irradiation, but due to the effect of electric field propagation on water molecules, whose are arranged around functional groups of the binder and by the effect of ration, causes a micro vibration effect, resulting in a more compact and less porous paste which has better mechanical properties compared to natural setting paste. The internal and surface temperature of the samples, the evolution of setting, Young's modulus (using ultrasonic pulse velocity) and compressive strength were registered.
EduOntoWiki Project for Supporting Social, Educational, and Knowledge Construction Processes with Semantic Web Paradigm
Authors: Petrucco Corrado
Published: May 2010

The Web is going to produce a revolution in learning and teaching: the debate on the role of ICT in educational processes leads to a reconsideration of how we deal with information and knowledge. The widespread use in educational contexts is also due to the ease with which learning resources can be retrieved and shared: for example, the recent introduction of learning objects means that the contents which reside in different e-learning platforms is easy to find and access. But knowledge is also deeply embedded in millions of Web pages. Nonetheless, searching for information on the Web is not a simple task and the great number of documents found using search engines, such as Google, is beyond the human cognitive capacity to deal with this information overflow. Teaching information literacy skills or stimulating collaborative information filtering that supports the discovery of resources in a way that is responsive to the context of users may help, but there is a need for more efficient cognitive tools to search, organize, and discuss information in order to codify it in shared knowledge structures.
Semantic Web Adaptation
Authors: Mikroyannidis Alexander , Theodoulidis Babis
Published: May 2010

The Semantic Web is an ambitious initiative aiming to transform the Web to a well-organized source of information. In particular, apart from the unstructured information of today’s Web, the Semantic Web will contain machine-processable metadata organized in ontologies. This will enhance the way we search the Web and can even allow for automatic reasoning on Web data with the use of software agents. Semantic Web adaptation brings traditional Web adaptation techniques into the new era of the Semantic Web. The idea is to enable the Semantic Web to be constantly aligned to the users’ preferences. In order to achieve this, Web usage mining and text mining methodologies are employed for the semi-automatic construction and evolution of Web ontologies. This usage-driven evolution of Web ontologies, in parallel with Web topologies evolution, can bring the Semantic Web closer to the users’ expectations.
Privacy Concerns for Web Logging Data
Authors: Hawkey Kirstie
Published: May 2010

This chapter examines two aspects of privacy concerns that must be considered when conducting studies that include the collection of Web logging data. After providing background about privacy concerns, we first address the standard privacy issues when dealing with participant data. These include privacy implications of releasing data, methods of safeguarding data, and issues encountered with re-use of data. Second, the impact of data collection techniques on a researcher’s ability to capture natural user behaviors is discussed. Key recommendations are offered about how to enhance participant privacy when collecting Web logging data so as to encourage these natural behaviors. The author hopes that understanding the privacy issues associated with the logging of user actions on the Web will assist researchers as they evaluate the tradeoffs inherent between the type of logging conducted, the richness of the data gathered, and the naturalness of captured user behavior.
A Review of Methodologies for Analyzing Websites
Authors: Booth Danielle
Published: May 2010

This chapter is an overview of the process of Web analytics for Websites. It outlines how visitor information such as number of visitors and visit duration can be collected using log files and page tagging. This information is then combined to create meaningful key performance indicators that are tailored not only to the business goals of the company running the Website but also to the goals and content of the Website. Finally, this chapter presents several analytic tools and explains how to choose the right tool for the needs of the Website. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to provide methods for increasing revenue and customer satisfaction through careful analysis of visitor interaction with a Website.
Tips for Tracking Web Information Seeking Behavior
Authors: Detlor Brian , Hupfer Maureen , Ruhi Umar
Published: May 2010

This chapter provides various tips for practitioners and researchers who wish to track end-user Web information seeking behavior. These tips are derived in large part from the authors’ own experience of collecting and analyzing individual differences, task, and Web tracking data to investigate people’s online information seeking behaviors at a specific municipal community portal site (myhamilton.ca). The tips discussed in this chapter include: (1) the need to account for both task and individual differences in any Web information seeking behavior analysis; (2) how to collect Web metrics through deployment of a unique ID that links individual differences, task, and Web tracking data together; (3) the types of Web log metrics to collect; (4) how to go about collecting and making sense of such metrics; and (5) the importance of addressing privacy concerns at the start of any collection of Web tracking information.
Hyperlink Structure Inspired by Web Usage
Authors: Lingras Pawan
Published: May 2010

This chapter describes how Web usage patterns can be used to improve the navigational structure of a Web site. The discussion begins with an illustration of visualization tools that study aggregate and individual link traversals. The use of data mining techniques such as classification, association, and sequence analysis to discover knowledge about Web usage, such as navigational patterns, is also discussed. Finally, a graph theoretic algorithm to create an optimal navigational hyperlink structure, based on known navigation patterns, is presented. The discussion is supported by analysis of real-world datasets.
Focused Requirements Engineering Method for Web Application Development
Authors: Abu-Samaha Ala M. , Al-Salem Lana S.
Published: May 2010

The requirements phase of the system/application development process typically involves the activities of requirements elicitation, analysis, validation, and specification. The main goal of such a process is “to develop a requirements speci- fication document which defines the system to be procured and which can act as a basis for the system design” (Sawyer, Sommerville, & Viller, 1996). Hence the underpinning assumption of the requirements engineering (RE) process is to transform the operational needs of an organisation into complete, consistent, and unambiguous system/application specifications through an iterative process of definition and validation (Pohl ,1994). The Web engineering (WE) literature provides a limited number of methods and techniques that can be used to manage the RE process in a Web development context [e3-value framework (Gordijn, Akkermans, & van Vliet, 2000), SOARE approach (Bleistein, Aurum, Cox, & Ray, 2004), e-prototyping (Bleek, Jeenicke, & Klischewski, 2002), AWARE (Bolchini & Paolini, 2004), and SSM/ICDT (Meldrum & Rose, 2004)]. Despite the availability of such a limited number of Web requirements engineering (WRE) methods, many researchers criticised such methods for their failure to address the necessity to align the Web application’ requirements to the organisation’s business strategy. Hence, the recommendation of many researchers (Al-Salem & Abu- Samaha, 2005a; Bleistein 2005; Bleistein, Cox, & Verner, 2004; Vidgen, Avison, Wood, & Wood-Harper, 2002) is to utilise a general WRE framework for the development of Web applications that can align the application’s requirements to the organisation’s business needs and its future vision. The objective of such a WRE framework is to incorporate the elicitation/analysis of business strategy as part of the application’s RE process. This chapter presents a WRE method that extends Sommerville and Kotonya’s viewpoint-oriented requirements definition (VORD) and Kaplan and Norton’s balanced scorecard (BSC) to elicit the Web application’ requirements and to plan/analyze the business strategy, respectively. In addition, eWARE (extended Web application requirements engineering) deploys the concept of “requirements alignment” to attain business objectives during the requirements discovery, elicitation, and formalisation process to identify the services of the Web application that will achieve the business objectives in order to improve the organisation’s profitability and competitiveness. The chapter is organised into a number of sections. The second section of this chapter provides a background to Web applications in terms of defi- nition and differentiating characteristics. The third section provides a discussion of eWARE method in terms of phases and activities. This section is divided into two subsections to cover the activities of the two prominent phases of the eWARE process in more detail. The fourth and fifth sections provide a discussion of possible future trends in WRE and a number of concluding remarks.
Contextual Hierarchy Driven Ontology Learning
Authors: Karoui Lobna
Published: May 2010

Research in ontology learning had always separated between ontology building and evaluation tasks. Moreover, it had used for example a sentence, a syntactic structure or a set of words to establish the context of a word. However, this research avoids accounting for the structure of the document and the relation between the contexts. In our work, we combine these elements to generate an appropriate context definition for each word. Based on the context, we propose an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm that, in the same time, extracts and evaluates the ontological concepts. Our results show that our concept discovery approach improves the conceptual quality and the relevance of the extracted ontological concepts, provides a support for the domain experts and facilitates the evaluation task for them.
A Review of Fuzzy Models for the Semantic Web
Authors: Wang Hailong
Published: May 2010

In the Semantic Web context, information would be retrieved, processed, shared, reused and aligned in the maximum automatic way possible. Our experience with such applications in the Semantic Web has shown that these are rarely a matter of true or false but rather procedures that require degrees of relatedness, similarity, or ranking. Apart from the wealth of applications that are inherently imprecise, information itself is many times imprecise or vague. In order to be able to represent and reason with such type of information in the Semantic Web, different general approaches for extending semantic web languages with the ability to represent imprecision and uncertainty has been explored. In this chapter, we focus our attention on fuzzy extension approaches which are based on fuzzy set theory. We review the existing proposals for extending the theoretical counterpart of the semantic web languages, description logics (DLs), and the languages themselves. The following statements will include the expressive power of the fuzzy DLs formalism and its syntax and semantic, knowledge base, the decidability of the tableaux algorithm and its computational complexity etc. Also the fuzzy extension to OWL is discussed in this chapter.
Automatic Semantic Annotation Using Machine Learning
Authors: Tang Jie , Zhang Duo , Yao Limin , Li Yi
Published: May 2010

This chapter aims to give a thorough investigation of the techniques for automatic semantic annotation. The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises, and community boundaries. However, lack of annotated semantic data is a bottleneck to make the Semantic Web vision a reality. Therefore, it is indeed necessary to automate the process of semantic annotation. In the past few years, there was a rapid expansion of activities in the semantic annotation area. Many methods have been proposed for automating the annotation process. However, due to the heterogeneity and the lack of structure of the Web data, automated discovery of the targeted or unexpected knowledge information still present many challenging research problems. In this chapter, we study the problems of semantic annotation and introduce the state-of-the-art methods for dealing with the problems. We will also give a brief survey of the developed systems based on the methods. Several real-world applications of semantic annotation will be introduced as well. Finally, some emerging challenges in semantic annotation will be discussed.
Modeling and Querying XMLBased P2P Information Systems
Authors: Cuzzocrea Alfredo
Published: May 2010

Knowledge representation and management techniques can be efficiently used to improve data modeling and IR functionalities of P2P Information Systems, which have recently attracted a lot of attention from both industrial and academic research communities. These functionalities can be achieved by pushing semantics in both data and queries, and exploiting the derived expressiveness to improve file sharing primitives and lookup mechanisms made available by first-generation P2P systems. XML-based P2P Information Systems are a more specific instance of this class of systems, where the overall data domain is composed by very large, Internet-like distributed XML repositories from which users extract useful knowledge by means of IR methods implemented on top of XML join queries against the repositories. In this chapter, we first focus our attention on the definition and the formalization of the XML-based P2P Information Systems class, also deriving interesting properties on such systems, and then we present a knowledge-representation-and-management-based framework, enriched via semantics, that allows us to efficiently process knowledge and support advanced IR techniques in XML-based P2P Information Systems, thus achieving the definition of the so-called Semantically-Augmented XML-based P2P Information Systems. Also, we complete our analytical contribution with an experimental evaluation of our framework against state-of-the-art IR techniques for P2P networks, and its theoretical analysis in comparison with other similar semantics-based proposals.
Semantic Web in Ubiquitous Mobile Communications
Authors: Zhdanova Anna V. , Li Ning , Moessner Klaus
Published: May 2010

The world becomes ubiquitous, and mobile communication platforms become oriented towards integration with the web, getting benefits from the large amount of information available there, and creation of the new types of value-added services. Semantic and ontology technologies are seen as being able to advance the seamless integration of the mobile and the Web worlds. We provide background information on the Semantic Web field, discuss other research fields that bring semantics into play for reaching the ontology-enabled ubiquitous mobile communication vision, and exemplify the state of the art of ontology development and use in telecommunication projects.
Design Diagrams as Ontological Sources
Authors: Kannan Kalapriya
Published: May 2010

Ontology is a basic building block for the semantic web. An active line of research in semantic web is focused on how to build and evolve ontologies using the information from different ontological sources inherent in the domain. A large part of the IT industry uses software engineering methodologies to build software solutions that solve real-world problems. For them, instead of creating solutions from scratch, reusing previously built software as much as possible is a business-imperative today. As part of their projects, they use design diagrams to capture various facets of the software development process. We discuss how semantic web technologies can help solution-building organizations achieve software reuse by first learning ontologies from design diagrams of existing solutions and then using them to create design diagrams for new solutions. Our technique, called OntExtract, extracts domain ontology information (entities and their relationship(s)) from class diagrams and further refines the extracted information using diagrams that express dynamic interactions among entities such as sequence diagram. A proof of concept implementations is also developed as a Plug-in over a commercial development environment IBM’s Rational Software Architect.
The Development, Testing, and Deployment of a Web Services Infrastructure for Distributed Healthcare Delivery, Research, and Training
Authors: Kouadri Mostefaoui Ghita
Published: May 2010

The ultimate effectiveness in terms of quality achievements should be a key concern of systems built from Web services. To this end, in this chapter we focus upon our experiences in the development, testing, and deployment of systems built on Web services to support a variety of distributed healthcare applications. The middleware that underpins these applications—termed SIF for service-oriented interoperability framework—has been developed to meet the needs of various applications, with these applications being drawn from the areas of healthcare delivery, research, and training. The very nature of the applications that the middleware supports—and their associated data—means that nonfunctional properties such as usability, maintainability, and dependability are key concerns for us, and necessarily influence our development processes.
Multi-Tier Framework for Management of Web Services' Quality
Authors: Benharref Abdelghani , Adel Serhani Mohamed , Salem Mohamed , Dssouli Rachida
Published: May 2010

Web services are a new breed of applications that endorse large support from main vendors from industry as well as academia. As the Web services paradigm becomes more mature, its management is crucial to its adoption and success. Existing approaches are often limited to the platforms under which management features are provided. In this chapter, we propose an approach to provide a unique central console for management of both functional and nonfunctional aspects of Web services. In fact, we aim at the development of a framework to provide management features to providers and clients by supporting management activities all along the lifecycle. The framework allows/forces providers to consider management activities while developing their Web services. It allows clients to select appropriate Web services using different criteria (e.g., name, quality, etc.). Clients also make use of the framework to check if the Web services they are actually using or planning to use are behaving correctly. We evaluate the Web services management features of our framework using a composite Web service.
Transactional Composite Applications
Authors: Montagut Frederic , Molva Refik , Tecumseh Golega Silvan
Published: May 2010

Composite applications leveraging the functionalities offered by Web services are today the underpinnings of enterprise computing. However, current Web services composition systems make use of only functional requirements in the selection process of component Web services while transactional consistency is a crucial parameter of most business applications. The transactional challenges raised by the composition of Web services are twofold: integrating relaxed atomicity constraints at both design and composition time and coping with the dynamicity introduced by the service-oriented computing paradigm. In this chapter, we present a new procedure towards automating the composition of transactional Web services. This composition procedure does not take into account functional requirements only but also transactional ones based on the acceptable termination states model. The resulting composite Web service is compliant with the consistency requirements expressed by business application designers and its execution can easily be coordinated using the coordination rules provided as an outcome of our approach. An implementation of our theoretical results based on OWL-S and business process execution language (BPEL) technologies is further detailed as a proof of concept.
Open Security Framework for Unleashing Semantic Web Services
Authors: Mey Eap Ty , Hatala Marek , Gaševic Dragan , Kaviani Nima , Spasojevic Ratko
Published: May 2010

The lack of intrinsic and user control in the identity management of today Internet security hampers the research in the area of Semantic Web and service-oriented architectures. Semantic Web research is seeking to develop expert Web services that are a composition of specialized Web services of multiorganizations. To unleash these emergent Web services, we propose an open security framework that is based on the concept of personal identity management. Despite the resistance from today’s Internet security dominated by domain-centric identity management, we believe that when all the alternatives are exhausted, the industry will come to the conclusion that the concept of personal identity management is the only approach to provide true user-centric identity management and give users control over the management of their identities.
Service Evolution and Maintainability
Authors: Majumdar Bijoy
Published: May 2010

Change is the only constant, and this concept holds good for services too. Service maintenance is the most tedious and longest phase of service lifecycle. The more complex the service, the more difficult it is to maintain it. Service maintenance and service evolution mandate a series of best practices and selective models to apply for better execution and administration. In this chapter we detail the challenges faced in service evolution management and the key activities involved, and their role in service-oriented architecture (SOA) quality.
The Role of Web Services
Authors: Ratnasingam Pauline
Published: May 2010

This chapter aims to examine the extent of Web services usage and quality, applying the balanced scorecard methodology in a small business firm as an exploratory case study. This chapter contributes to guidelines and lessons learned that will inform, educate, and promote small businesses on the importance of maintaining the quality of Web services.
Semantic Web Take-Off in a European Industry Perspective
Authors: Léger Alain , Heinecke Johannes , Nixon Lyndon J.B. , Shvaiko Pavel , Charlet Jean , Hobson Paola , Goasdoué François
Published: May 2010

Semantic Web technology is being increasingly applied in a large spectrum of applications in which domain knowledge is conceptualized and formalized (e.g., by means of an ontology) in order to support diversified and automated knowledge processing (e.g., reasoning) performed by a machine. Moreover, through an optimal combination of (cognitive) human reasoning and (automated) machine processing (mimicking reasoning); it becomes possible for humans and machines to share more and more complementary tasks. The spectrum of applications is extremely large and to name a few: corporate portals and knowledge management, e-commerce, e-work, e-business, healthcare, e-government, natural language understanding and automated translation, information search, data and services integration, social networks and collaborative filtering, knowledge mining, business intelligence and so on. From a social and economic perspective, this emerging technology should contribute to growth in economic wealth, but it must also show clear cut value for everyday activities through technological transparency and efficiency. The penetration of Semantic Web technology in industry and in services is progressing slowly but accelerating as new success stories are reported. In this chapter we present ongoing work in the cross-fertilization between industry and academia. In particular, we present a collection of application fields and use cases from enterprises which are interested in the promises of Semantic Web technology.
Integrating Web 2.0 Technologies within the Enterprise
Authors: Stephens R. Todd
Published: May 2010

This chapter examines the elements of the new Web 2.0 technology base and reviews the lessons learned when implementing these technologies. Collaborative applications have made enormous inroads into the enterprise and bring unprecedented speed and transparency to communications. Researchers and practitioners alike are focusing on how collaborative applications can replace the one-way communications inherent to Intranet sites. This chapter is intended for individuals who are looking toward the possibility of integrating these new technologies into the core communication medium. Unfortunately, there are still large barriers such as politics, turf battles, integration, and poor usability with the current product set. A company’s ability to manage information effectively over its life cycle, including sensing, collecting, organizing, processing, and maintaining information, is crucial to the long term success in a global economy. The success or failure of this integration may very well create or lose a competitive advantage for the enterprise. What is missing is a framework or roadmap in which organizations can plan out their execution of We 2.0 deployment.
Personalization Based on Semantic Web Technologies
Authors: Tsetsos Vassileios
Published: May 2010

Personalization techniques provide optimized access to content and services, based on the preferences and the characteristics of each individual user. Nowadays many applications, either Web-based or not, call for personalized behavior. Obviously, such behavior leads to an increased demand for knowledge management, since personalization is based on user profiles, user preferences, usage policies, and other knowledge components. The main topic of this chapter is the investigation of how well Semantic Web technologies apply to personalized applications. Semantic Web is a relatively new platform for developing (distributed) knowledge-based applications that has gained great popularity in previous years. Hence, this chapter surveys the most prominent techniques for personalization in the context of the Semantic Web. It discusses and compares different approaches to architectural and engineering techniques and other issues relevant to this hot topic. The chapter provides foundational knowledge on this topic, as well as discussion on some key implementation issues.
Building Semantic Web Portals with a Model-Driven Design Approach
Authors: Brambilla Marco , Facca Federico M.
Published: May 2010

This chapter presents an extension to Web application conceptual models toward Semantic Web. Conceptual models and model-driven methodologies are widely applied to the development of Web applications because of the advantages they grant in terms of productivity and quality of the outcome. Although some of these approaches are meant to address Semantic Web applications too, they do not fully exploit the whole potential deriving from interaction with ontological data sources and from semantic annotations. The authors claim that Semantic Web applications represent an emerging category of software artifacts, with peculiar characteristics and software structures, and hence need some specific methods and primitives for achieving good design results. In particular the contribution presented in this chapter is an extension of the WebML modeling framework that fulfils most of the design requirements emerging in the new area of Semantic Web. The authors generalize the development process to cover Semantic Web needs and devise a set of new primitives for ontology importing and querying. The chapter also presents a comparison of the proposed approach with the most relevant existing proposals and positioned with respect to the background and adopted technologies.
Search Engine-Based Web Information Extraction
Authors: Geleijnse Gijs
Published: May 2010

In this chapter we discuss approaches to find, extract, and structure information from natural language texts on the Web. Such structured information can be expressed and shared using the standard Semantic Web languages and hence be machine interpreted. In this chapter we focus on two tasks in Web information extraction. The first part focuses on mining facts from the Web, while in the second part, we present an approach to collect community-based meta-data. A search engine is used to retrieve potentially relevant texts. From these texts, instances and relations are extracted. The proposed approaches are illustrated using various case-studies, showing that we can reliably extract information from the Web using simple techniques.
The Social Semantic Desktop
Authors: Bernardi Ansgar , Decker Stefan , van Elst Ludger , Grimnes Gunnar Aastrand , Groza Tudor , Handschuh Siegfried , Jazayeri Mehdi , Mesnage Cédric , Möller Knud , Reif Gerald , Sintek Michael , Sauermann Leo
Published: May 2010

This chapter introduces the general vision of the Social Semantic Desktop (SSD) and details it in the context of the NEPOMUK project. It outlines the typical SSD requirements and functionalities that were identified from real world scenarios. In addition, it provides the design of the standard SSD architecture together with the ontology pyramid developed to support it. Finally, the chapter gives an overview of some of the technical challenges that arise from the actual development process of the SSD.
Uncertainty Representation and Reasoning in the Semantic Web
Authors: Costa Paulo Cesar G. , Blackmond Laskey Kathryn , Lukasiewicz Thomas
Published: May 2010

This chapter is about uncertainty representation and reasoning for the Semantic Web (SW). We address the importance, key issues, state-of-the-art approaches, and current efforts of both the academic and business communities in their search for a practical, standard way of representing and reasoning with incomplete information in the Semantic Web. The focus is on why uncertainty representation and reasoning are necessary, its importance to the SW vision, and the major issues and obstacles to addressing uncertainty in a principled and standardized way. Although some would argue that uncertainty belongs in the “rule layer” of the SW, we concentrate especially on uncertain extensions of ontology languages for the Semantic Web.
Implementing Collaborative Problem-Based Learning with Web 2.0
Authors: Mills Steven C.
Published: May 2010

Educators face the challenge of keeping classroom learning relevant for a generation of students who have never known life without computers, cell phones, and email. With Web 2.0 technologies educators can easily mediate student-centered learning experiences that engage students collaboratively in problem-solving and critical thinking. This chapter describes how Web 2.0 technologies can supply communication tools and information resources that facilitate the application of a robust set of instructional methodologies in the K-12 classroom. When the pedagogical features of Web 2.0 technologies are used with problem-solving methodologies, teachers can create powerful student-centered learning experiences for educating students for the 21st century.
Communicative Networking and Linguistic Mashups on Web 2.0
Authors: Pegrum Mark
Published: May 2010

This chapter discusses the application of a range of Web 2.0 technologies to language education. It argues that Web 2.0 is fundamentally about networking, community building, and identity negotiation. Given the textual nature of the Web, all of this is made possible primarily through the medium of language. Consequently, Web 2.0 is ideally suited to the teaching of language and literacy. To be most effective, this requires a broadly social constructivist pedagogical approach as well as a willingness to work with the messy reality of linguistic “mashups,” the hybrid uses of languages, codes, and media which inform Web 2.0.
The Use of Weblogs in Language Education
Authors: Raith Thomas
Published: May 2010

This chapter explores in how far Web 2.0, Weblogs in particular, has changed foreign language learning. It argues that Weblogs, along with Web 2.0, have created new genres for which users need new forms of literacy. A qualitative study on the relationship between the online audience of Web 2.0 and learners’ writing processes is presented and the findings are discussed. The study supports the assumption that learners are aware of the social interaction taking place through weblogs and that this awareness of audience influences the writing process. The author’s intention is to point out that Web 2.0 has created new communities of language practice and that foreign language learning is happening in these discourse communities through social interaction. The challenge in foreign language education is to integrate these communities of practice into the foreign language classroom.
Improving Online Readability in a Web 2.0 Context
Authors: Loucky John Paul
Published: May 2010

This study describes a task-based assessment (TBA) approach to teaching reading and writing online. It then analyzes key factors emerging from the results of implementing this approach with graduate engineering students in Japan. It is argued that these factors should be considered when designing or assessing any online reading or writing course for ESL/EFL students. The findings of this study are especially relevant to task-based approaches and technical or pedagogical innovations which can help foster more effective and enjoyable learning for teachers and students in blended learning environments. It is hoped that this discussion can serve as a model of what can be done to enhance online EAP/ESP/ETP courses, as well as any other online reading or writing course being designed for speakers and readers of languages other than English. The goal in this chapter is to summarize research aimed at integrating some of the most useful Web sites for English language learning into a user-friendly system for optimal online vocabulary development — which could be self-monitored by students as well as tracked by teachers via a course management system.
Reconceptualising Information Literacy for the Web 2.0 Environment?
Authors: Markless Sharon , Streatfield David
Published: May 2010

This chapter questions whether the shift from the Web as a vehicle for storing and transmitting information to the new Web as a series of social networking environments, requires significant changes in how students interact with information when they are studying within a formal learning environment. It explores the origins and growth of the idea of information skills development, the translation of this work into frameworks and sequential models and the adaptation of these models to take account of changes in information storage and transmission brought about by the Internet. The chapter then examines the changing contexts and changes in learning being brought about by the Web 2.0 environment and questions whether adjustment of existing information literacy models is a sufficient response to deal with these changes. We conclude that although Web 2.0 developments are not fundamentally undermining the nature of teaching and learning they do provide important possibilities for more effective information literacy development work. A non-sequential framework is offered as a contribution to supporting HE students when seeking to obtain, store and exploit information simultaneously in the informal social world of Web 2.0 and in their formal academic discipline.
Optimizing Consumer Responses to Mass Customization
Authors: Mugge Ruth , Schoormans Jan P.L.
Published: May 2010

A better understanding of consumer responses to mass customization can help companies to more successfully introduce mass customization strategies in new products. Only if consumers believe that the value of the mass-customized product significantly exceeds that of an off-the-shelf product, consumers are willing to mass customize a product. In this chapter, the authors discuss the specific conditions that affect the relative value of a mass-customized product. Characteristics of the consumer who is performing the customization task, the product category that is mass customized, and the specific mass customization process can affect the perceived benefits and drawbacks of mass customization. Based on this understanding, several strategies are presented on how companies could implement mass customization in order to optimize consumer responses and thus offer consumers the greatest value.
A Multi-Agent System for Recommending Customized Families of Products
Authors: Moon Seung Ki , Simpson Timothy W. , Kumara Soundar R.T.
Published: May 2010

Electronic markets and web-based content have improved traditional product development processes by increasing the participation of customers and applying various recommender systems to satisfy individual customer needs. This chapter introduces a multi-agent system to support customized product family design by recommending customers’ preferences in dynamic electronic market environments. In the proposed system, a market-based learning mechanism is applied to determine the customers’ preferences for recommending appropriate products to customers in the product family. The authors demonstrate the implementation of the proposed recommender system using a multi-agent framework. Through experiments, they illustrate that the proposed recommender system can determine the preference values of products for customized recommendation and market segment design in various electronic market environments.
Adaptive Interaction for Mass Customisation
Authors: Uchyigit Gulden
Published: May 2010

The popularisation of mass customization and the need for integration of the user needs into the design, production and marketing phases has called for more innovative methods to be introduced into this area. At present the continuous growth of the world wide web and its rapid integration into people’s everyday lives and the popularisation of new technologies such as ubiquitous computing making possible the computing everywhere paradigm, offers a more desirable alternative for vendors in reaching their customers using more innovative techniques in an attempt to provide each customer with a one-to-one design, manufacturing and marketing service. The integration of ubiquitous computing technologies with machine learning and data mining techniques, which has been popular in personalization techniques, will serve to bring about innovative changes in this area. In future years this may revolutionise the way in which vendors can reach their customers offering every customer a tailored one-to-one service from design, to manufacturing, to delivery. This chapter will present the state of the art techniques to enable the combination of machine learning, data mining and ubiquitous computing technologies which will serve to provide innovative techniques applications and user interfaces for mass customization systems. This is currently a field of intense research and development activity and some technologies are already on the path to practical application. This chapter will present a state of the art survey of these technologies and their applications.
Personalizing the TV Experience
Authors: Bernhaupt Regina , Wilfinger David , Mirlacher Thomas
Published: May 2010

Personalized services and products are only successful when the usage context is taken into consideration. For interactive TV services, where usage is typically taking place in a living room, the question on how to develop an interaction technique to enable personalization is central. Based on an extensive literature review a set of requirements for personalized iTV services was developed. Following these requirements, a case study from interactive TV, called vocomedia, shows the development of an interaction concept for interactive TV supporting personalization by using a fingerprint recognition.
Technological and Psychological Fundamentals of Psychological Customization Systems
Authors: Saari Timo , Turpeinen Marko , Ravaja Niklas
Published: May 2010

Psychological Customization systems can customize the experiences of users of various information technology-based products and services. In this context customization entails the intelligent automatic or semi-automatic adaptation of information per user profile, which may systematically manipulate transient psychological states of the user such as emotion or cognition. The chapter presents the psychological and technological fundamentals of Psychological Customization and discusses an example of an application area in emotionally adapted games.