bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-scattering properties of ellipsoidal dust aerosols constrained by measured dust shape distributions
Authors: Huang Yue , Kok Jasper F. , Saito Masanori , Muñoz Olga
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Most global aerosol models approximate dust as spherical
particles, whereas most remote sensing retrieval algorithms approximate dust as spheroidal particles with a shape distribution that conflicts with
measurements. These inconsistent and inaccurate shape assumptions generate
biases in dust single-scattering properties. Here, we obtain dust
single-scattering properties by approximating dust as triaxial ellipsoidal
particles with observationally constrained shape distributions. We find
that, relative to the ellipsoidal dust optics obtained here, the spherical
dust optics used in most aerosol models underestimate dust single-scattering albedo, mass extinction efficiency, and asymmetry parameter for almost all dust sizes in both the shortwave and longwave spectra. We further find that the ellipsoidal dust optics are in substantially better agreement with observations of the scattering matrix and linear depolarization ratio than the spheroidal dust optics used in most retrieval algorithms. However, relative to observations, the ellipsoidal dust optics overestimate the lidar ratio by underestimating the backscattering intensity by a factor of ∼2. This occurs largely because the computational method used to simulate ellipsoidal dust optics (i.e., the improved geometric optics method) underestimates the backscattering intensity by a factor of ∼2 relative to other computational methods (e.g., the physical geometric optics method). We conclude that the ellipsoidal dust optics with observationally constrained shape distributions can help improve global aerosol models and possibly remote sensing retrieval algorithms that do not use the backscattering signal.
Climate changes during the Late Glacial in southern Europe: new insights based on pollen and brGDGTs of Lake Matese in Italy
Authors: Robles Mary , Peyron Odile , Ménot Guillemette , Brugiapaglia Elisabetta , Wulf Sabine , Appelt Oona , Blache Marion , Vannière Boris , Dugerdil Lucas , Paura Bruno , Ansanay-Alex Salomé , Cromartie Amy , Charlet Laurent , Guédron Stephane , de Beaulieu Jacques-Louis , Joannin Sébastien
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Late Glacial (14 700–11 700 cal BP) is a key climate period marked by rapid but contrasted changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Indeed, regional climate differences have been evidenced during the Late Glacial in Europe and the northern Mediterranean. However, past climate patterns are still debated since temperature and precipitation changes are poorly investigated towards the lower European latitudes. Lake Matese in southern Italy is a key site in the central Mediterranean to investigate climate patterns during the Late Glacial. This study aims to reconstruct climate changes and their impacts at Matese using a multi-proxy approach including magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry (XRF core scanning), pollen data and molecular biomarkers like branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). Paleotemperatures and paleo-precipitation patterns are quantitatively inferred from pollen assemblages (multi-method approach: modern analogue technique, weighted averaging partial least-squares regression, random forest and boosted regression trees) and brGDGT calibrations. The results are compared to a latitudinal selection of regional climate reconstructions in Italy to better understand climate processes in Europe and in the circum-Mediterranean region. A warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas are revealed in all climate reconstructions inferred from various proxies (chironomids, ostracods, speleothems, pollen, brGDGTs), showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. During the Bølling–Allerød, no significant changes in terms of precipitation are recorded; however, a contrasted pattern is visible during the Younger Dryas. Slightly wetter conditions are recorded south of 42∘ N, whereas dry conditions are recorded north of 42∘ N. During the Younger Dryas, cold conditions can be attributed to the southward position of North Atlantic sea ice and of the polar frontal jet stream, whereas the increase in precipitation in southern Italy seems to be linked to relocation of Atlantic storm tracks into the Mediterranean, induced by the Fennoscandian ice sheet and the North European Plain. By contrast, warm conditions during the Bølling–Allerød can be linked to the northward position of North Atlantic sea ice and of the polar frontal jet stream.
Assessment of the ISBA Land Surface Model soil hydrology using four closed-form soilwater relationships and several lysimeters
Authors: Sobaga Antoine , Decharme Bertrand , Habets Florence , Delire Christine , Enjelvin Noële , Redon Paul-Olivier , Faure-Catteloin Pierre , Le Moigne Patrick
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Soil water drainage is the main source of groundwater recharge and river flow. It is therefore a key process for water resource management. In this study, we evaluate the soil hydrology and the soil water drainage, simulated by the Interaction-Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model currently used for hydrological applications from the watershed scale to the global scale. This evaluation is done using seven lysimeters from two long term model approach sites measuring hourly water dynamics between 2009 and 2019 in northeastern France. These 2-meter depth lysimeters are filled with different soil types and are either maintained bare soil or covered with vegetation. Four closed-form equations describing soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions, are tested: the commonly used equations from Brooks and Corey (1966) and van Genuchten (1980), a combination of the van Genuchten soil water retention function with the Brooks and Corey unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, and, for the very first time in a Land Surface Model (LSM), a modified version of Van Genuchten equations, with a new hydraulic conductivity curve proposed by Iden et al. (2015). The results indicate a good performance by ISBA with the different closure equations in terms of soil volumetric water content and water mass. The drained flow at the bottom of the lysimeter is well simulated using Brooks and Corey (1966) while some weaknesses appear with van Genuchten (1980) due to the abrupt shape near saturation of its hydraulic conductivity function. The mixed form or the new van Genuchten hydraulic conductivity function from Iden et al. (2015) allows solving this problem and even improves the simulation of the drainage dynamic, especially for intense drainage events. The study also highlights the importance of the vertical heterogeneity of the soil hydrodynamic parameters to correctly simulate the drainage dynamic, as well as the primary influence of the parameters characterizing the shape of the soil water retention function.
Does the syn- versus post-rift thickness ratio have an impact on the inversion-related structural style?
Authors: Tamas Alexandra , Tamas Dan Mircea , Tari Gabor , Krezsek Csaba , Lapadat Alexandru , Schleder Zsolt
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Many extensional basins worldwide are modified by subsequent compressional episodes, which lead to inverted structures. The structures associated with the reactivation of preexisting faults play are critically important in forming suitable subsurface traps for hydrocarbons. Major concerns regarding inverted structures are trap integrity and fault seal. In general, the preferred structures have simple four-way closures as the result of only mild to moderate inversion. Five physical sandbox models, coupled with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis, have been performed to address the influence of the syn- versus post-rift thickness ratio (Mode I and II) and the degree of positive inversion on the style of fault propagation into and overall deformation of the post-rift cover. The results of these experiments are broadly comparable with natural data examples from New Zealand, Israel and Turkey. The main control on the development of mild to moderate inversion structures is the degree of inversion, and the style of deformation within the post-rift sequence appears to be different due to the amount of displacement accommodated by the inherited listric fault and the thickness of the post-rift cover (Mode I and II inverted structures). These observations do have a direct impact on the understanding of the geo-energy systems associated with inverted structures.
Mammals in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone's Red Forest: a motion-activated camera trap study
Authors: Beresford Nicholas A. , Gashchak Sergii , Wood Michael D. , Barnett Catherine L.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Since the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986, there have
been few studies published on medium and large mammals inhabiting the area from
which the human population was removed (now referred to as the Chornobyl
Exclusion Zone, CEZ). The dataset presented in this paper describes a motion-activated camera trap study (n=21 cameras) conducted from September 2016 to September 2017 in the Red Forest located within the Chornobyl Exclusion
Zone. The Red Forest, which is likely the most anthropogenically
contaminated radioactive terrestrial ecosystem on earth, suffered a severe
wildfire in July 2016. The motion-activated trap cameras were therefore in
place as the Red Forest recovered from the wildfire. A total of 45 859 images
were captured, and of these 19 391 contained identifiable species or organism
types (e.g. insects). A total of 14 mammal species were positively
identified together with 23 species of birds (though birds were not a focus
of the study). Weighted absorbed radiation dose rates were estimated for mammals
across the different camera trap locations; the number of species observed
did not vary with estimated dose rate. We also observed no relationship
between estimated weighted absorbed radiation dose rates and the number of
triggering events for the four main species observed during the study (brown
hare, Eurasian elk, red deer, roe deer). The data presented will be of value to those studying wildlife within the
CEZ from the perspectives of the potential effects of radiation on
wildlife and also rewilding in this large, abandoned area. They may also
have value in any future studies investigating the impacts of the recent
Russian military action in the CEZ. The data and supporting documentation are freely available from the
Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) under the terms and conditions
of a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license: https://doi.org/10.5285/bf82cec2-5f8a-407c-bf74-f8689ca35e83 (Barnett et
al., 2022a).
Barotropic tides in MPAS-Ocean (E3SM V2): impact of ice shelf cavities
Authors: Pal Nairita , Barton Kristin N. , Petersen Mark R. , Brus Steven R. , Engwirda Darren , Arbic Brian K. , Roberts Andrew F. , Westerink Joannes J. , Wirasaet Damrongsak
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Oceanic tides are seldom represented in Earth system models (ESMs) owing to the need for high horizontal resolution to accurately represent the associated barotropic waves close to coasts. This paper presents results of tides implemented in the Model for Prediction Across Scales–Ocean or MPAS-Ocean, which is the ocean component within the U.S. Department of Energy developed Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). MPAS-Ocean circumvents the limitation of low resolution using unstructured global meshing. We are at this stage simulating the largest semidiurnal (M2, S2, N2) and diurnal (K1, O1) tidal constituents in a single-layer version of MPAS-O. First, we show that the tidal constituents calculated using MPAS-Ocean closely agree with the results of the global tidal prediction model TPXO8 when suitably tuned topographic wave drag and bottom drag coefficients are employed. Thereafter, we present the sensitivity of global tidal evolution due to the presence of Antarctic ice shelf cavities. The effect of ice shelves on the amplitude and phase of tidal constituents are presented. Lower values of complex errors (with respect to TPXO8 results) for the M2 tidal constituents are observed when the ice shelf is added in the simulations, with particularly strong improvement in the Southern Ocean. Our work points towards future research with varying Antarctic ice shelf geometries and sea ice coupling that might lead to better comparison and prediction of tides and thus better prediction of sea-level rise and also the future climate variability.
Flexible forecast value metric suitable for a wide range of decisions: application using probabilistic subseasonal streamflow forecasts
Authors: Laugesen Richard , Thyer Mark , McInerney David , Kavetski Dmitri
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Streamflow forecasts have the potential to improve water resource decision-making, but their economic value has not been widely evaluated, since current forecast value methods have critical limitations. The ubiquitous measure for forecast value, the relative economic value (REV)
metric, is limited to binary decisions, the cost–loss economic model, and
risk-neutral decision-makers (users). Expected utility theory can flexibly
model more real-world decisions, but its application in forecasting has been limited and the findings are difficult to compare with those from REV. In this study, a new metric for evaluating forecast value, relative utility
value (RUV), is developed using expected utility theory. RUV has the same
interpretation as REV, which enables a systematic comparison of results, but RUV is more flexible and better represents real-world decisions because more aspects of the decision context are user-defined. In addition, when specific assumptions are imposed, it is shown that REV and RUV are equivalent, hence REV can be considered a special case of the more general RUV. The key differences and similarities between REV and RUV are highlighted, with a set of experiments performed to explore the sensitivity of RUV to different decision contexts, such as different decision types (binary, multi-categorical, and continuous-flow decisions), various levels of user risk aversion, and varying the relative expense of mitigation. These experiments use an illustrative case study of probabilistic subseasonal streamflow forecasts (with lead times up to 30 d) in a catchment in the southern Murray–Darling Basin of Australia. The key outcomes of the experiments are (i) choice of decision type has an impact on forecast value, hence it is critically important to match the decision type with the real-world decision; (ii) forecasts are typically more valuable for risk averse users, but the impact varies depending on the decision context; and (iii) risk aversion impact is mediated by how large the potential damages are for a given decision. All outcomes were found to critically depend on the relative expense of mitigation (i.e. the cost of action to mitigate damages relative to the magnitude of damages). In particular, for users with relatively high expense of mitigation, using an unrealistic binary decision to approximate a multi-categorical or continuous-flow decision gives a misleading measure of forecast value for forecasts longer than 1 week lead time. These findings highlight the importance of the flexibility of RUV, which enable evaluation of forecast value to be tailored to specific decisions/users and hence better capture real-world decision-making. RUV complements forecast verification and enables assessment of forecast systems through the lens of user impact.
Parameter optimization of a pure electric sweeper dust port by a backpropagation neural network combined with a whale algorithm
Authors: Pan Jiabao , Ye Jin , Ai Hejin , Wang Jiamei , Wan You
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Optimizing the structure of the suction port is the key to effectively improving the performance of the sweeping vehicle. The CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method and gas–solid two-phase flow model are used to analyse the influence rule of the structural parameters and the height above ground on the cleaning effect, which is verified by real vehicle tests. The data set was established by an orthogonal test method, and a
BP (backpropagation) neural network was used to fit the structural
parameters and evaluation indexes. The fitting errors were all within 5 %,
indicating that the fitting results of this method were good. According to
the fitting relation of the BP neural network output, the whale algorithm should
be further used to solve the optimal structural parameters. The results show
that the optimal parameter combination is β=63∘, d=168 mm and h=12 mm. The energy consumption of the optimized model is reduced,
and the internal airflow loss is reduced. The particle residence time
becomes shorter, and the particle can flow out from the outlet faster, thus
improving the dust absorption effect. The research can provide a theoretical
reference for performance optimization and parameter matching of sweepers.
Підвищення ізолюючих властивостей двохшарової системи на основі сипких легких матеріалів
Authors: Babashov Ilham Balasalim , Dadashov Ilgar Firdosi , Kireev Оlexander , Savchenko Alexander , Musayev Mahammad Elchin
Published: February 2023

Продовжено експериментальні дослідження раніше запропонованого методу гасіння полярних рідин за допомогою вогнегасних засобів на основі легких сипких пористих матеріалів. Показано, що важливішою складовою вогнегасної дії таких засобів є їх ізолюючи властивості. Для зменшення швидкості випаровування легкозаймистих полярних рідин запропоновано використовувати бінарні шари легких сипких пористих матеріалів. Нижній шар забезпечує високу плавучість всієї вогнегасної системи, а верхній шар має підвищені ізолюючи властивості. В якості матеріалу нижнього шару, що забезпечує плавучість, обрано подрібнене піноскло. В якості матеріалів верхнього шару обрано спучені перліт і вермікуліт, а також подрібнене піноскло з розмірами гранул 0,5–1 см і 1–1,5 см і гранульовані цеоліти і силікагель. В якості широко розповсюдженої полярної рідини обрано етанол. Розроблено експериментальну методику визначення ізолюючих властивостей двохшарової вогнегасної системи на основі сипких легких матеріалів, яка дозволяє одночасно визначити адсорбцію парів етанолу. На основі проведених гравіметричних вимірювань встановлено, що в найбільшої ступені ізолюючи властивості підвищують подрібнене піноскло с розміром гранул 0,5–1 см, спучений перліт і вермікуліт с розміром пластинок 0,2–0,5 см. Зроблено висновок, що для подальшого вивчення вогнегасних властивостей двошарової вогнегасної системи, призначеної для гасіння легкозаймистих полярних рідин в якості матеріалу, що забезпечує плавучість, доцільно обрати піноскло з розміром гранул (1,0–1,5) см. В якості матеріалу верхнього шару доцільно випробувати, подрібнене піноскло з розміром гранул 0,5–1 см, спучений перліт, а також спучений вермікуліт з розміром пластинок 0,2–0,5 см. Також для подальших досліджень вогнегасних характеристик запропонованих систем, доцільно нанести на обрані легкі сипкі матеріали тонкий шар інгібіторів процесу горіння.
Machine Learning Technique for the Prediction of Short-term Load Demand: A Case Study
Authors: M.B. Jibril , S. Aliyu , L.M. Usman
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present a machine-learning approach for forecasting short-term load demand in Kano. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied to develop the model. Three independent variables are selected as inputs, and one output is used to discover the level of relationship among the variables that are independent. This approach can ascertain a more precise prediction of the short-term load demand compared to expensive and rigorous experimental techniques. The correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used as indicators to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the selected algorithms. ANN gives a close accurate output as follows: R=0.97539, R2=0.951385, MSE=0.003674 and RMSE=0.060369.
Effect of Automation on Organisational Structure, Job Performance and Communication in University Libraries in South West Nigeria
Authors: Kehinde Bayode
Published: February 2023

The paper examined the effect of automation on organisational structure, job performance and communication in university libraries in South West, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. A questionnaire and observation checklist was the instrument used to collect the data. The sample for the study consisted of 607 library personnel in six (6) university libraries in South West, Nigeria, stratified and judgemental sampling was used to sample 442 library staff for the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data collected on the research questions developed while for inferential statistics, Kendall-tau was used to test hypotheses. Findings from the study revealed that none of the university libraries studied has been to implement full automation of their operations, only acquisitions have been automated across the board in the four (4) university libraries. Also, the findings revealed that automation has enabled a more flexible working environment, affected the pattern of staffing by specialisation, and bridged the gap between communication flow through the use of a variety of information and technology communication (ICT) tools. Furthermore, the study identified that the various constraints to automation in university libraries are irregular power supply, inadequate funding, lack of infrastructural facilities, and staff resistance to training. The study recommended that university and library management of the university libraries studied should make provision for full automation of library operations and services. This will go a long way in adopting new structures in line with technological advancements for greater flexibility, facilitating staff creativity at work, help improve collaboration and resource sharing through the use of automation tools for communication.
The Effect of Training and Individual Characteristics on Employee Performance Mediated By Employee Competence at the Office of the Class I Airport Organizing Unit in Papua
Authors: Kurniawan Agus , Asnaw Meinarni , Yulianna Ernik
Published: February 2023

Due to the vital role of airports in regional development and progress, this study examines the effect of training, individual characteristics, and competencies on employee performance at the Papua Class I Airport Organizing Unit (UPBU) Office. In addition, this study also tested competency variables as mediators. This research is a quantitative study. The research data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 220 employees at the UPBU Class I Offices in Merauke, Wamena, and Sorong. Only 129 questionnaires can be used as research data. The data analysis method used is path analysis with the help of SPSS software version 25. The results of this study show that training and individual characteristics have a positive and significant effect on employee performance and competence. Competence affects employee performance and can mediate the relationship between training and individual characteristics to employee performance.
Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) in a patient of Chronic Mucocutaneous Syndrome or Mucocutaneous Candidiasis having Diarrhea and Skin Rash
Authors: Haq Furqan ul , Shaukat Muqsit Ali , Yunus Hamza , Qasim Sahibzada Muhammad , Hamid Tanveer , Qayum Ihtisham , Hussain Syed Sadam , Ahmad Sohail , Riaz Asad , Wahab Qazi Muhammad Farooq
Published: February 2023

Acute Rheumatic fever (ARF) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in the developing world. It is an immunological reaction to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus Pyogenes. It occurs 2-4 weeks after group A streptococcal pharyngitis due to the development of antistreptococcal antibodies that cross-react with antigens in various tissues of the body, especially cardiac and basal ganglia neuronal antigens. Clinical features of acute rheumatic fever include fever, joint pain, myocarditis, nodules in subcutaneous tissue, Erythema Marginatum, and chorea. Patients with immunodeficiency like mucocutaneous candidiasis are especially prone to recurrent mucocutaneous infections (tonsillopharyngitis, thrush, skin abscess), which can predispose to acute rheumatic fever and subsequent development of rheumatic heart disease over the years. Keywords: Acute rheumatic fever, chronic mucocutaneous syndrome, skin rash,
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Gland in Tertiary Care Unit
Authors: Shahzad Humera , Rahat Noshaba
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the reliability of preoperative FNAC diagnosis of thyroid gland swelling in pathology Department BMSI, JPMC (Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre) Karachi. Study design & place: cross-sectional study was conducted at Pathology BMSI, JPMC during January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Material and Methods: Total 200 patients of thyroid FNA aspiration cytology were evaluated in FNA OPD All smears and cellblock stained with eosin and hematoxylin. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 (SPSS 25). Results: FNAC findings were classify as benign,malignant ,cystic and inflammatory lesions. Out of 200 cases,173 patients were female and 27 were male(female to male ratio was 8.9:1.68) .all cases were diagnosed according to Bethesda system .and benign lesions predominantly hyperplasia followed by cystic lesion were commonest finding .5 neoplastic lesions and one metastatic lesion Conclusion: Hyperplasia and benign lesion with cystic changes are commonest finding and predominant in females suggestive of neoplastic lesions are helpful for treatment plan of patients. Keywords: FNAC Fine needle aspiration cytology JPMC Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Hyperplasia cystic lesion metastatic carcinoma
Work-Related Risk Factors for Lateral Epicondylitis in Chef in Lahore
Authors: Amjad Fareeha , Matloob Mehak , Javed Noor Ul Nisa , Hashim Adnan , Chaudhry Ammara , Zafar Bisma , Khan Kanza
Published: February 2023

Background: Numerous cross-sectional epidemiological studies on the incidence of workplace epicondylitis have generally, but not always, revealed a higher risk of the ailment in relation with strenuous manual tasks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore. The data was acquired from chefs who worked in different restaurants. The research used a Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation as its survey method (PRTEE). Participants also received a consent form and a questionnaire. A different T-test was applied. In order to analyses the data, SPSS version 25 was used. Results: Among the 136 participants, 29 (21.3%) were women, and 107 (78.7%) were men. The frequency and proportion of participants' dominant hands are shown on this graph: 48/136 (35.3%) and 88/136 (64.7%) of the 136 people had left hands. 32/136 (23.5) of the participants reported their level of discomfort while at rest, while 52/136 (38.2) reported mild pain and 20/136 (14.7) reported severe pain. While making repetitive arm motions, 161/136 (11.8) respondents reported no pain, 50/136 (36.8) minor discomfort, 59/136 (43.4) moderate discomfort, and 11/136 (8.1) severe discomfort. Only six out of 136 respondents (4.4%) said they weren't uncomfortable, as opposed to the 53 (39.0%), 57 (41.9%), and 20 (14.7%) who claimed carrying a plastic bag caused them slight to severe pain. According to this graph, participants who experienced the least amount of pain reported no pain in 32/136 (23.5) cases, mild discomfort in 7/136 (5.1) cases, moderate pain in 66/136 (48.5) cases, and severe pain in 38/136 (27.9) cases. Using a doorknob or key caused 90/136 (66.2%) people no pain, 22/136 (16.2%) moderate pain, 22/136 (16.2% discomfort), and 7/136 (5.1%) severe pain, according to this graph. This study was conducted to create the awareness in chef to avoid from risk factors of epicondylitis. Conclusion: As a result, it was established that chefs experienced pain on the lateral side of either their dominant right hand or left hand for a variety of reasons. Repetitive motions, recreational activities, and housework are all causes. On the lateral side of their right hand, which is more frequent in women, they experience a small stiffness. Keywords: Patients' Evaluation of Tennis Elbow, Lateral Epicondylitis, and Myotendinosis (PRTEE).
Frequency of Post-Surgery Hypocalcaemia in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad Wahid , Khosa Sharbaz Hussain , Balouch Muhammad Omer Khan , Anwar Muhammad Shahzad
Published: February 2023

Objective: To find out frequency of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia among patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Study Design: A prospective cohort study. Place and Duration: The Department of ENT, Shahida Islam Teaching Hosptial, Lodhran from January 2021 to December 2021. Methodology: A total of 181 patients of both genders aged 12-65 years with multinodular goiter, carcinoma thyroid or recurrent goiter and who were indicated total thyroidectomy were included. At the time of enrollment, demographic characteristics like gender, age and residential status were noted. Pre-surgery thyroid profile and serum calcium were measure from institutional laboratory. Standard procedure protocols were followed for total thyroidectomy. Post-surgery, measurement of serum calcium level was done after 24-hours and serum calcium level<8.0 mg/dL was labeled as hypocalcaemia. Results: In a total of 181 patients as per inclusion/exclusion criteria who underwent total thyroidectomy, 137 (75.7%) were female. Mean age was 43.6+8.2 years while 113 (62.4%) patients were aged between 40-60 years. Residential status of 98 (54.1%) patients was rural. Pre-surgery diagnosis was malignant in 41 (22.7%) patients while it was benign in 140 (77.3%) patients. Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was noted in 59 (32.6%) patients. Female gender (p=0.0251) and baseline hypertension (p=0.0287) were found to have significant association with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. Clinical Implications: Following patients of hypocalcaemia would certainly give us information about the proportion of transient hypocalcaemia and permanent hypocalcaemia. Conclusion: Frequency of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was found to be high (32.6%). Female gender and baseline hypertension were found to have significant association with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. Keywords: Calcium, carcinoma thyroid, hypertension, hypocalcaemia, multinodular goiter, thyroidectomy.
Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Jamil Muhammamd , Siddique Muhammad Uzair , Shah Munawar Hussain , Mahmood Rana Khalid , Ahmad Nabeel , Alam Masood , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia among COPD patients (COPD). Study design: A cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: I have been offered a position in the Medicine & Pulmonology Department at Nishtar Hospital in Multan, Pakistan, which I will begin in March 2016 and remain in until February 2018. Methodology: The non-probabilistic sequential sampling technique used to choose the final pool of 137 cases. Quantitative variables' means and standard deviations were determined. Quantitative evaluation included frequency counts and percentages for qualitative factors. Several effect modifiers have been taken into consideration via stratification, including age, diabetes, body mass index, COPD, high blood pressure, smoking, socioeconomic status, place of residence (race/ethnicity), and gender. A chi-square test for stratification was used to examine the data, and a P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 30.81±14.74 Nearly eighty-one percent of the sample had illnesses that lasted more than 18 months, and the median duration of illness was also months (112). Fifty patients, or 36.5% of the total, were found to have low magnesium levels, with a mean blood magnesium level of 1.520.54 meq/liter. Practical Implementation: There is a lack of data on the function of magnesium in preventing COPD exacerbations. Hypomagnesemia may prove to be helpful in establishing COPD exacerbation as a predictive factor, according to the research that is now being conducted. This could lead to the development of COPD intervention strategies other than the standard treatments, enhancing COPD patients' life quality, morbidity, and mortality. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that hypomagnesemia is common among people with COPD. Male gender, greater age, lower socioeconomic status, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, and longer disease duration were all associated with low magnesium levels. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), frequency, hypomagnesemia.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Primary Malnutrition in Children Below 5 Years of Age
Authors: Wamiq Saba , , Shahid Sidra , Nawaz Iram , Javeed Asif
Published: February 2023

Objective: To find out the prevalence and risk factors of primary malnutrition among children below 5 years of age visiting outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Ibn-e-Siena Hospital, Multan from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Methodology: A total of 151 children of either gender aged below 5 years visiting outpatient department of pediatrics. At the time of enrollment, socio-demographic as well as anthropometric characteristics were noted. Z-score were calculated to label malnutrition considering weight for height criteria according to “World Health Organization (WHO)” charts as: mild, -1.0 to -1.9, moderate, -2.0 to 2.9, and severe, ≤ -3.0. Results: In a total of 151 children, 78 (51.7%) were girls. The mean age, weight and height were 2.67±1.56 years, 10.18±3.55 kg and 82.99±16.39 cm. The mean birth weight was 2.44±0.21 kg. Exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months was reported in 69 (45.7%) children while cow’s mild before 1 year of age was reported by 101 (66.9%). The mean height for weight Z-score was calculated to be -1.40±2.20. Distribution of nutritional status revealed that 61 (40.4%) were normal while mild, moderate and severe malnutrition were observed among 37 (24.5%), 11 (7.3%) and 42 (27.8%) children respectively. Malnutrition status had significant association with increasing age (p<0.001), poor maternal educational status (p=0.034) and use of cow’s milk before 1 year of age (p=0.004). Practical Implications: There is a massive need to identify causes behind factors linked with primary malnutrition among children below 5 years of age so that targeted interventions could be planned. Conclusion: The prevalence of primary malnutrition was very high among children below 5 years of age. Age, poor maternal educational status and use of cow’s milk before 1 year of age had significant association with malnutrition. Keywords: Breastfeeding, maternal education, malnutrition, socio-economic status, Z-score
Dış Mekân Gölgeleme Elemanlarının Termal Konfor Koşullarına Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: CANAN Fatih , GEYİKLİ Hande Büşra
Published: February 2023

Çalışmada, kent ortamında mikroklimayı ve kullanıcının termal konfor koşullarını yaz döneminde iyileştirmede önemli fonksiyonu olan gölgeleme elemanları ele alınmakta ve Selçuk Üniversitesi yerleşkesinde altı farklı alanda seçilmiş olan doğal ve yapay gölge elemanlarının dış ortam termal konfor koşullarına etkilerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Tipik bir yaz gününde, bu mekânlarda gölgeleme elemanlarının dış ortam termal konfor koşullarına etkisinin belirlenmesi için kısa süreli yerinde mikro-meteorolojik ölçümler yapılmıştır. Mikro-meteorolojik ölçümlerle; anlık hava sıcaklığı (Ta, °C), bağıl nem (RH, %), rüzgâr hızı (WS, m/sn) ve ortalama radyant sıcaklık (MRT, °C) değerleri gün içindeki en yüksek sıcaklık değerlerine sahip 13:30-15:30 saat aralığında belirlenmiştir. Gölgeleme elemanlarının altında ve yakınlarında elde edilecek mikro-meteorolojik değerler kıyaslanarak gölgeleme elemanlarının, mikroklimaya ve dış ortam termal konfor koşullarına olan etkisi tartışmaya açılmıştır. Dış ortam termal konfor koşulları bu çalışmada PET (Fizyolojik eşdeğer sıcaklık) indisi ile hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda en iyi termal konfor koşulları sağlayan gölge elemanlarının Amerikan sarmaşığı ve söğüt ağacı olduğu saptanmıştır.
THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE AND THE PHYSICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Authors: Nigro Samuel A.
Published: February 2023

This article summarizes the Anthropic Principle and extends it into the physics of human behavior. The Principle is the belief that the universe is anthropomorphic by design and man could not exist if the universe was not created in exactly this way.  With this information, people will be more fully aware of who and what man is, of his nature and composition, of his potential for personal mental conquest. People will be enabled to act as deserving of the universe and participate in it accordingly.  Knowing the Principle is, however, only a first step.  To know and act in a fully human manner, we need an understanding of the necessary “add-ons” of transcendental spirit, the variables of mental succor, the humanness of living the community universals, the divine rituals which can link all to all, the virtues, and how to deal with everything in a simple but symphonically effective way consistent with elementary physics. This will enable us to achieve more fully human way of living.
QUANTUM DOTS IN FERROMAGNETIC HEISENBERG MODEL
Authors: Omariy Aiman Al , Almotiriz y Reim
Published: February 2023

Quantum Dots (QDs) are semiconductor-nanostructure materials which are also called arti cial atoms. QDs are classi ed as ferromagnetic material. Theoretically, Heisenberg model is regarded as a good model in describing these QDs. We applied Spin Wave Theory (SWT) on the above mentioned model to explore the physical properties of these materials, such as ground state energy, excitation energy and magnetization. We found that the ground state energy "g increased with the applied external magnetic eld B as B0:3. A phase transition was also observed around B~1T, which indicate a transition from singlet to a triplet state. Staggered magnetization reaches saturation around this point of transition.
PERFORMANCE STABILIZATION OF STEEP GAIN GRADIENT CLASS ULTRA-WIDEBAND DIRECT CONVERSION IFM RECEIVER OF HOMODYNING BASED SYSTEMS
Authors: Sarkar Mahadev , Kumar Vipin , Sivakumar R  , Manjunath R  , Charlu S Nagarjuna
Published: February 2023

This article explains finding of power issues and the methodology of giving a suitable solution for performance stabilization of an ultra-wideband very high gain receiver with steep gain gradient.  The origin of this problem lies in homodyning down conversion technique itself. Its LO is derived from input RF source. Varieties of frequency band limited equalizers like RC, RL and RLC are examined to overcome initial gain fluctuations at low frequencies as well as region based gain humps to reduce slope gradient. Thereby at the same time it helps to enhance practically achievable gain against theoretical gain at around highest frequencies by reducing power distribution among all harmonic and spurious components caused by lower frequency elements.
Deep Learning Attention Mechanism in Medical Image Analysis: Basics and Beyonds
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Minglei , Yan Pengfei , Li Guanyi , Jiang Yuchen , Luo Hao , Yin Shen
Published: February 2023

Survey/review study Deep Learning Attention Mechanism in Medical Image Analysis: Basics and Beyonds Xiang Li 1, Minglei Li 1, Pengfei Yan 1, Guanyi Li 1, Yuchen Jiang 1, Hao Luo 1,*, and Shen Yin 2 1 Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7034, Norway * Correspondence: hao.luo@hit.edu.cn     Received: 16 October 2022 Accepted: 25 November 2022 Published: 27 March 2023   Abstract: With the improvement of hardware computing power and the development of deep learning algorithms, a revolution of "artificial intelligence (AI) + medical image" is taking place. Benefiting from diversified modern medical measurement equipment, a large number of medical images will be produced in the clinical process. These images improve the diagnostic accuracy of doctors, but also increase the labor burden of doctors. Deep learning technology is expected to realize an auxiliary diagnosis and improve diagnostic efficiency. At present, the method of deep learning technology combined with attention mechanism is a research hotspot and has achieved state-of-the-art results in many medical image tasks. This paper reviews the deep learning attention methods in medical image analysis. A comprehensive literature survey is first conducted to analyze the keywords and literature. Then, we introduce the development and technical characteristics of the attention mechanism. For its application in medical image analysis, we summarize the related methods in medical image classification, segmentation, detection, and enhancement. The remaining challenges, potential solutions, and future research directions are also discussed.
Team training for interprofessional insight, networking and guidance (T2IPING) points
Authors: Paige John T , Bonanno Laura S , Garbee Deborah D , Yu Qingzhao , Kiselov Vladimir J , Badeaux Jennifer A , Martin Jennifer B , Kalil David M , Devlin Raymond J
Published: February 2023

We investigated the impact of a health sciences centre-wide, high-fidelity, simulation-based interprofessional team training program on participants’ knowledge, skills and attitudes towards teams and teamwork.

Senior medical, nurse anaesthesia and allied health profession students participated in dual-scenario, simulation-based, interprofessional team training sessions with immediate debriefings about team-based competencies (2015–2017). Pre- and post-intervention, students completed the Interprofessional Teamwork (IPT) questionnaire and the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). Observers and students rated team performance using the Teamwork Assessment Scales (TAS). Descriptive statistics were determined for IPT and RIPLS items and TAS subscales; student

Students from five health professions participated (

A health sciences centre-wide high-fidelity, simulation-based, interprofessional team training program improves students’ team-based behaviours, teamwork attitudes and interprofessional learning attitudes. Widespread adoption of such large-scale team training programs has the potential to improve teamwork among healthcare providers over time.
TOMATO FLU: INSIGHTS AND UNDERSTANDING THE PRESENT INDIAN SCENARIO
Authors: Shaik Riyaz
Published: February 2023

The unidentified virus that causes tomato fever is an infectious illness. The infection's primary signs and symptoms are tomato-shaped blisters that appear all over the body and expand to resemble a tomato, hence the name "Tomato flu." mostly impacts young children under the age of five. A "Hand, Foot, and Mouth illness" is tomato flu. In most situations, the clinical presentation is minimal. The infection is self-limiting and will go away on its own in 7–10 days. In areas where there are outbreaks, the diagnosis is established on the clinical history and physical examination. The etiological agent of this infectious disease, its course of therapy, and its vaccine are still unknown, and this is an important topic of research right now. By repurposing medications and vaccines, which are also synonymously being tried to treat the ailment at the moment, COVID-19 has given us lessons for epidemic preparedness and case management in emergency situations.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep quality: a single center cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Sargin Zeynep , Ceylan Guray
Published: February 2023

Sleep-wake disorders are probably a part of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) etiology. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NAFLD and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) components. Sleep quality was assessed by the PSQI, which comprised seven components. Participants diagnosed with hepatic steatosis using ultrasonographic imaging and healthy volunteers were given the questionnaire. The percentage of subjects with poor sleep quality was noticeably higher in the NAFLD patients than in the non-NAFLD control group (OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 2.67-7.85) (p<0.001). Compared to the control group, the NAFLD group reported shorter sleep duration (p=0.044), a longer sleep onset delay (p<0.001), worse subjective sleep quality (p<0.001), a higher percentage of subjects with sleep disturbances (p<0.001), a higher percentage of subjects using hypnotic drugs (p=0.009), and a higher percentage of subjects with daytime dysfunction (p<0.001). When the subjects were split into two groups based on gender, global PSQI sleep quality and subjective sleep quality were significantly worse in both genders with NAFLD than in the non-NAFLD group (p<0.001). The sleep onset delay of the NAFLD group was substantially longer in males (p=0.002) and females (p<0.001) compared to controls. Sleep disturbances were significantly higher in both sexes with NAFLD compared to controls (p<0.001). The rate of those with daytime dysfunction in the NAFLD group was considerably higher in both genders compared to the non-NAFLD group (p=0.001). Only among the male patients in the NAFLD group the prevalence of hypnotic drug use was substantially greater (p=0.033) than in the non-NAFLD group. Poor sleep was associated with NAFLD in both genders.
The relationship between mental well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviors of seasonal agricultural worker women
Authors: Ersin Fatma , Kartal Mert , Kaya Rabia
Published: February 2023

The study was conducted to examine the relationship between the mental well-being of Seasonal Agricultural Worker (SAW) women and their Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors (HLBs). The study utilizes the descriptive research design. The study was conducted between November 2020 and December 2020 in Turkey, in a Family Health Center-supervised region, where SAW women were concentrated. The sample includes 355 women. The Personal Information Form, Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS), and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II (HLBS II) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean), independent samples t-test, Mann Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis analysis, Pearson Correlation Test, and Simple Linear Regression Analysis were also used in the analyses of the data. There was a positive, strong, and significant correlation between mental well-being and HLBs of SAW women. There was a significant difference between the WEMWBS total mean scores of SAW women according to their economic status and family type. There was a significant difference between the total mean score of the HLBS II according to income level and family type of SAW women (p<0.05). As a result, it has been determined that there is a relationship between the HLBs of SAW women and their mental well-being. It may be recommended to organize training programs and provide mobile health services to enhance HLBs and increase the mental well-being levels of SAW women.