bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiological and clinical profiles of acute diarrhea due rotavirus in children aged 0-71 months hospitalized at Kalembe-lembe pediatric hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bongo Gédéon Ngiala
Published: April 2022

This research is based on a retrospective analysis of medical records filed in the archives of the emergency departments of Kalembe-lembe Hospital in the provincial city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study involved 324 records of patients aged 0-71 months admitted to the emergency departments and hospitalized for acute diarrhea from January 1 to December 31, 2015. The aim was to inventory the cases of rotavirus diarrhea and/or other germs (individually or in combination) to study their epidemiological and clinical aspects. Thus, the epidemiological and clinical parameters (age, sex, season, symptoms, frequency and physical aspects of stools, dehydration status and duration of hospitalization) of diarrheic children diagnosed as positive for rotavirus were compared with those infected with other germs (individually or in combination with rotavirus or other viruses). The search for the etiological agents of the diarrhea was performed in 56.48% of the cases. The results of this work allowed us to show: (i) a predominance of infections by viruses (69.94%) including rotavirus (48.08%), (ii) high rates of infections by etiological agents of diarrhea including rotavirus in children under 12 months, (iii) a high proportion of vomiting, (iii) a high proportion of vomiting, fever, physical asthenia and restlessness or frequent and liquid stools or moderate dehydration in children infected with rotavirus, (iv) specific clinical pictures according to the etiological agents of diarrhea or their combinations.
New methods in meningitis diagnosis
Authors: D'Aleo Francesco , Bonanno Roberta , Bonofiglio Martina
Published: April 2022

Meningitis remains a worldwide problem and Central nervous system (CNS) infections are associated with devastating sequelae, including cognitive deficits, vision and hearing impairment, motor and sensory deficits and epilepsy in over one-half of survivors. Rapid diagnosis of meningitis is essential to improve chances at survival and minimize unnecessary healthcare costs related to isolation procedures and empiric treatment. Multiplex molecular assays are an attractive option for the simultaneous detection of several microbial targets. Currently, several assays are marketed. The aim of our review is to comprehensively evaluate the molecular available systems of using a new multiplex PCR panel in determining the microbiologic etiologies of meningitis.
Qualitative evaluation of the new rapid point-of-care antigen Afias Covid-19/Flu Ag Combo assay
Authors: Lorusso Mara , Adorisio Edmondo , Gagliardi Giuseppe , Meneghini Achille , Lagravinese Domenico , Lerario Mario Antonio
Published: April 2022

Background: An interim guidance document by the WHO (World Health Organization) suggests the use of rapid diagnostic tests based on antigen detection as an alternative to the real-time PCR test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection, when the molecular RT-PCR test is not available, or the turnaround time is excessive, precluding its clinical and/or public health usefulness. Rapid antigenic tests are recommended when a  minimum of  80% sensitivity and 97% specificity are ensured. Methods: Here we employ a new assay for screening applications based on lateral-flow immunofluorescence assay, with microfluidic technology (Boditech AFIAS COVID-19/Flu Ag Combo) on a point-of-care analyzer AFIAS-6 (BoditechMed. Inc.) and compare it with a reference molecular method and an alternative screening immunochromatographic method (Boditech AFIAS COVID-19 Ag). Our study was carried out on stored UTM (at -20°C) samples of patients admitted to Di Venere Hospital of Bari that were already tested with molecular methods. Results: The new AFIAS COVID-19 Flu/Ag Combo test reached a clinical sensitivity of 92% on positive samples with Ct< 30, and a clinical specificity of 97.9% on negative samples.  Sensitivity is higher than the reference immunochromatographic test AFIAS COVID-19/Ag (92.0% vs 88.0%) while specificity remains unchanged (97.9% vs 98.0%). In addition the new AFIAS Combo test confirm the same negative predictive value (NPV, 95.9%) of the rapid reference test (AFIAS COVID 19-Ag) and an agreement with the molecular test of 95.9% (Cohen's k = 0.908). Conclusions: Considering its qualitative improvement, rapidity and ease of use we suggests AFIAS Combo test as a valid alternative to the reference lateral flow test (AFIAS COVID-19 Ag) and an adequate screening test. Keywords: SARS-CoV2; COVID-19; POCT; diagnosis; screening; immunoassay; rapid antigen test
Dermatophytic infection and in vitro activities of antifungal drugs against dermatophytes in rural India
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Sharma Ankita , Verma Rajesh , Kumar Sweta , Saraswat Satender
Published: April 2022

Background

Increase in resistance to conventional antifungals renders the need for antifungal sensitivity testing in Dermatophytes.

 

The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of dermatophytic infections and their susceptibility pattern in a rural healthcare facility.

Methods

Patients with suspected dermatophytosis attending the dermatology outpatient department were enrolled in the study. Specimen collection for mycological examinations was done. In-vitro antifungal sensitivity testing was performed as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 (2008) standards with broth microdilution method.

Results

Onychomycosis was the commonest (41.9%) presentation. Dermatophytic prevalence based on culture was 110 (70.9%). The commonest species was Trichophyton rubrum (36.8%). Terbinafine was found to be the most effective drug, followed by ketoconazole and itraconazole.

Conclusion

Antifungal sensitivity in dermatophytic infections should be made a routine in tertiary healthcare facilities as we are already witnessing the rampage of emerging fungal infection– Mucormycosis in the nation and worldwide.
Screening method for the analysis of blood and urine for the presence of naturally occurring toxic compounds from mushrooms (fungi) using the LC-MS method
Authors: Feigel Bartłomiej , Zuba ariusz , Lechowicz Wojciech
Published: April 2022

Analysis of biological material collected during autopsies and even from living humans for the presence of amanitins and other fungal toxins remains a challenge in forensic toxicology. A qualitative method for the detection of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, muscarine, and psilocin in blood and urine has been developed. To achieve this goal, solid phase extraction HLB 3cc 60mg columns were used. Blood and urine samples were purified with water and aqueous methanol solution, and then extracted with acetonitrile. An LC/QTOF system equipped with a C18 column was applied to identify the analytes. Acetonitrile and water with formic acid were utilized as mobile phases. The developed method was validated. The detection limits for α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, muscarine and psilocin are, respectively, 1.4 ng/ml, 0.3 ng/ml, 1.2 ng/ml, 1.8 ng/ml, and 0.3 ng/ml in blood, and 1.5 ng/ml, 2.1 ng/ml, 1.5 ng/ml, 1.6 ng/ml, and 1.1 ng/ml in urine. The developed method allows for efficient, qualitative identification of all the above-mentioned compounds in a toxicological laboratory.
Limitations of Simon test in new psychoactive substances analysis
Authors: Tusiewicz Kaja , Wachełko Olga , Zawadzki Marcin , Szpot Paweł
Published: April 2022

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are nowadays a prevalent group of illicit drugs, one of which are synthetic cathinones. The widespread usage of NPS requires fast, reliable, selective and sensitive analytical methods for their identification as well as differentiation. Colorimetric tests are among the most frequently used methods for screening analysis of NPS in forensic sciences because they are fast, cheap and simple they found application in roadside, borders and airport controls, as well as are used for employees control at workplaces. In this paper we present limitations of colorimetric tests based on the example of one of the Simon test’s variant which was used to analyze synthetic cathinones samples. 163 seized drugs samples were analyzed. Used variant of the Simon test comprises reaction of secondary amines with sodium nitroprusside, sodium carbonate and acetaldehyde resulting in deep blue coloration. Our study indicated that the test gives a very low positive results percentage (3%), as well as many false negative results (88%). No pattern in color changes could be observed regarding samples belonging to one group of compounds in order to identify it even when lacking the expected observation. Another important aspects regarding colorimetric test is the fact that observations are very subjective. although this method is fast and easy to perform, it does not provide unambiguous results and thus, they always should be confirmed with the use of other analytical techniques such as LC-MS/MS or GC-MS/MS.
Ligature strangulation in 2001–2020 in the materials of the Jagiellonian University Department of Forensic Medicine, Kraków
Authors: Komisarz Maria , Szczepaniak Patrycja , Kanclerz Gabriela , Hapkiewicz Kamil , Koziołek Wojciech , Szypuła Gabriela , Konopka Tomasz
Published: April 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the most common post-mortem changes which can be found in the body after ligature strangulation and compare it with the most recent literature.

Materials and methods: autopsy protocols from years 2001–2020 gathered in the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków were investigated. 37 cases of certain and possible strangulation were found and analysed. Prevalence of ligature strangulation, age, sex, information concerning perpetrator and post-mortem changes were considered.

Results: we found and analysed 37 cases, however only in 16 cases the certain cause of death was ligature strangulation. in the remaining 18 cases the mechanism of death was not precisely defined. in 3 cases advanced late post-mortem changes disturbed establishment of certain identification. Women constituted 87.5% of all victims, while men 12.5%. among 16 certain ligature strangulations we analysed the most important post-mortem changes. Both subconjunctival hemorrhagic petechiae and facial skin petechiae were observed in 93.8% of the cases, laryngeal or hyoid fracture in 56.3%, and hemorrhages in neck muscles were detected in 87.5% of the cases.

Conclusions: The most frequent post-mortem changes after ligature strangulation include subconjunctival petechiae, facial skin petechiae and hemorrhages in the neck muscles which are convergent with the data found in literature. The autopsy may not indicate the circumstance of strangulation.
Odbudowa administracji gminnej w Wielkopolsce po II wojnie światowej — uwarunkowania, kadry i biurowość
Authors: Stryjkowska Sylwia
Published: April 2022

Organizacja kancelarii i stosowane w niej metody pracy wywierają znaczący wpływ na pozostałość aktową, a w konsekwencji na zasób placówek archiwalnych, do których trafia jej część. Artykuł omawia uwarunkowania i początki organizacji administracji szczebla gminnego w W ielkopolsce po zakończeniu działań wojennych w 1945 r. Przedstawiono w nim zagadnienia stosowanych w urzędach przepisów kancelaryjnych oraz kadr urzędniczych, ich kompetencji i wynagradzania. Słowa kluczowe: samorząd, organizacja urzędu, kadry administracji, organizacja pracy kancelaryjnej, przepisy kancelaryjne

The reconstruction of communal administration in Greater Poland after the Second World War — conditions, staff, and management

The organization of chancelleries and the work methods used there significantly affected the records produced, and as a result — the fonds remaining at archival institutions where some of these records are stored. The article discusses the beginnings and conditions of the establishment of communal administration in Greater Poland after the end of the war in 1945. It presents the chancellery regulations used in administration offices, as well as their staffing levels, qualifications, and remuneration.
Wybrane listy Francuzów do prymasa Józefa Glempa z lat 1981–1982 w zasobie Archiwum Polskiej Misji Katolickiej we Francji
Authors: Górny Rafał
Published: April 2022

Archiwum Polskiej Misji Katolickiej w Paryżu przechowuje zespół nr 36 — Listy do prymasa Polski Józefa Glempa. Jest to korespondencja Francuzów skierowana do polskiego hierarchy kościelnego, w której potępiono wprowadzenie stanu wojennego w Polsce i wyrażono duchowe wsparcie dla wszystkich Polaków — braci i sióstr w wierze katolickiej. Akcja pisania takich listów wsparcia została zainicjowana przez katolicki dziennik „La Croix” i stanowiła element ogólnofrancuskiej manifestacji poparcia dla społeczeństwa polskiego. Treść korespondencji obok szablonowego tekstu zredagowanego przez „La Croix” stanowią również teksty indywidualne, wyrażające emocjonalny stosunek do Polaków i do wydarzeń dziejących się w Polsce. W artykule zebrano te listy, które odnoszą się do wspomnień z czasów II wojny światowej i pobytów w obozach koncentracyjnych. Byli jeńcy francuscy opisali w nich swoje kontakty ze współwięźniami polskimi, podkreślając ich heroizm i wiarę w Boga.

The letters of French citizens to primate Glemp from the years 1981–1982 in the collection of the Polish Catholic Mission Archive in France

The Polish Catholic Mission Archive in Paris is home to fond no. 36: Letters to Polish primate Józef Glemp. It comprises letters sent by French citizens to the Polish Catholic Church dignitary, in which they condemn the introduction of martial law in Poland and express spiritual support for all Poles — brothers and sisters in the Catholic faith. The letter writing campaign was initiated by the Catholic paper “La Croix”, and was an element of a broader manifestation of French support for Poles. Beside template letters based on the text published in “La Croix”, the fond also includes personal messages, expressing an emotional attitude to Poles and to the events taking place in Poland. The paper discusses those letters whose authors reminisce on the Second World War and their experiences in concentration camps. Former French prisoners of war describe their relations with Polish prisoners, emphasizing their heroism and faith in God.
A la Memoria Bernardo G. Capo
Authors: Editor
Published: April 2022

A la Memoria Bernardo G. Capo
Basics of the Metallic Corrosion in Crude Oils
Authors: Aluvihara Suresh , Premachandra Jagath K.
Published: April 2022

Corrosion is an often-used term regarding the ferrous metals also the general phenomenon of the formation of metal oxides, sulfides, hydroxides or any certain compound on the metal surface itself. There were found the effect of corrosive compounds in crude oils on the metallic corrosion in most of researches up to certain stage. In the current research it was expected to speculate the effect of sulfur, mercaptans, organic acids and salts in both Murban and Das Blend crude oils on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals and variations of the hardness of such metals. The corrosive properties of both crude oils were determined by the standard methods and instruments. The chemical compositions of metals were detected by XRF detector. A batch of similar sized metal coupons was prepared, and those metal coupons were immersed in both crude oils separately. The rates of corrosion of those metal coupons were determined by the weight loss method after 15, 30 and 45 days from the immersion also both initial hardness and hardness after corroded of each metal coupon were tested by Vicker’s hardness tester. The corroded surfaces were observed by the optical microscope also the ferrous concentration and copper concentration of each crude oil sample were measured by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after exposed to metals. There were found relatively lower corrosion rates from stainless steels than other metals, higher corrosion rates of four types of metals in Murban crude oil although it was composed lower amount of sulfur, mercaptans, organic acids and higher amount of salts than Das Blend, higher ferrous concentrations in crude oil samples which were exposed to carbon steels than other crude oil samples whereas high concentrations of copper in crude oil samples relevant to the Monel metal and eventually it was a slight reduction of the initial hardness of each metal coupon due to the corrosion.
Using the “Lean Concept” to Improve Contract Procurement Processes of Service Utility Companies
Authors: Aljedaani Turki , Alsulami Hemaid , Rizwan Ali
Published: April 2022

Annually, a service utility company in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia processes thousands of contracts for bidding. These contracts will in turn generate projects to maintain the quality and consistency of the generation, transmitting and distribution of electricity to the company’s consumers. The service utility company’s Contracting Department is responsible for the process of bidding for these contracts. Contracts subject to bidding must be signed in less than 175 days from the date of approval to allow adequate time for the implementation of the company’s maintenance and operational goals. However, at present, this conditional time allowance is rarely met. Hence, to improve the current situation, the “Lean Concept” is now applied and has resulted in a vast improvement in the contracting process. Contract cycle time has improved, waste has been eliminated and defects have been minimized. Improved cycle time of the contracting process has marked an increase in client satisfaction as a result of the finalization of contract signings in a shorter period in addition to a subsequent increase in the achievement of customer (utility user) satisfaction. The standard period for contracts signed-out has been reduced from 58.87% to 10.34%, and the sigma level process has jumped from -0.23 to 1.26.
Medical and Astronomical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Sharda Prashast , Tyagi Tanisha , Kumari Naresh
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to study the applications of Raman Spectroscopy in the fields of medicine and astronomy. These applications show the involvement of Raman Spectroscopy, rendering qualitative and quantitative aspects of various fields like medicine, astronomy, geosciences, defense etc. These applications have proven to be lucrative in the said fields; such as, by determining the health of an unborn child in the medical field. It has helped many astronomers in uncovering the various secrets of the cosmos as well. The ability of Raman spectroscopy to probe the vibration modes of emission of different molecules either by absorption or emission spectra has innumerable applications which will be discussed further in the paper, in order to give the readers a complete panorama of the field with respect to its applications.
Forecasting and Scheduling of Flight Deck Crew and Cabin Crew Headcount in SAUDIA Until 2025
Authors: Almegheiwly Khaled Mohammed , Balubaid Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Manpower planning is one of the most important key functions in any organization. It deals with putting the right number and kind of the people, at the right time in the right place to achieve the organization’s objectives. It must be a system approach to plan the manpower in any organization. Flight deck crew and cabin crew are the heart of any airlines company. They need to be trained for months and years to be ready for their jobs. So, the airlines companies need to have a good manpower planning to forecast the future need and plan for their future. However, SAUDIA airlines has an ambitious plan to expand their network, open new destinations and increase the number of passengers per year in the near future. There are many factors was considered to predict the number of the needed cabin crew and the flight deck crew. Saudi Vision 2030 has a lot of ambitious plans to increase the number of pilgrims per year. Also, Saudi Vision 2030 focuses on the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia which will reflect on the demand for flights from and to Saudi Arabia. The study identified the needed manpower for the cabin crew and the flight deck crew until 2025 considering the monthly block hours for the last five years, percentage of augmented flight deck crew, type of the aircrafts, number of each type and the allowances as an input. The output was the number of the needed flight deck crew and the cabin crew till 2025. In addition, the future demand was predicted considering the plans in Saudi Vision2030. Network planning department in SAUDIA airlines was the source to collect relevant data. These data were analyzed using simple moving average forecasting. Additional to that, SAUDIA models were used to determine the needed manpower for the flight deck crew and the cabin crew until 2025. Finally, Saudi Vision2030 programs was considered in order to predict the future considering the present time events and their potential interaction. It is found that SAUDIA need to hire more captains, first officers, cabin managers and cabin attendants and prepare training plans to be ready for the future.
Automatic Solar Tracking System: An Overview of Design and Fabrication
Authors: Kumar Niket , Bhatia Anmol
Published: April 2022

The major problem associated with the solar panel is its efficiency. Most of solar panels are less efficient because it is not able to convert the maximum of the sun’s energy. The issue is there with the non-movement of solar panel with the sun’s direction. This can be achieved by a solar tracking device that moves the panel with the direction of the sun. The tracker consists of the physical components such as Servo motor and frame. Second is the Control panel that consists of Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), a comparator and an Arduino UNO. This paper presents the design and Fabrication of the automatic solar tracking device. The model is based on the principle that when sunlight falls on LDR installed on the panel, the input is given to the Aurdino and then it gives a command to the servomotor to align its position where the intensity is maximum so that maximum efficiency is achieved.
Numerical simulations on the aerodynamics of the Ahmed body at different slant angles
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Mboreha Chanfiou Ahmed , Al-fakih Yahya
Published: April 2022

In this research, the aerodynamic behavior of Ahmed’s body with slant angles of 0°, 30° and 60° is studied using ANSYS FLUENT CFD code. The flow conditions for all cases were same while the rear slant angle is varied for Ahmed’s body. The aerodynamic parameters; lift coefficient and drag coefficient were focused mainly to analyze the flow behavior, it tells the aerodynamics efficiency. The time dependent transient simulation is run to study the behavior of fluid flow. As the Reynold’s number lied 5x105in turbulent regime so to accurately capture the turbulent effects, k-epsilon two equation model with
Influence of ICT on Green Computing
Authors: Dana Desta
Published: April 2022

Green Computing is the emerging technologies and practice of using computing resources in an eco-friendly manner to enhance the green environments by using the computing applications and services. Also, the applications of green computing are used to enhance the decent, smart and green environment by using computing technology as the tools. In study, green computing for the green environments focus on using the IT and its services effectively by making your environments, working offices, day to activities is very strongly connected with technologies. In generally, the green computing is one proposed solution for global climate changes.
The Role of Machine Learning in Astronomy
Authors: Saraswat Pankhudi , Jain Divya
Published: April 2022

Machine learning is one of the most immensely growing field these days. It is gaining attention quickly and has people all around the world in awe of the tasks it can achieve. Machine and deep learning are a huge milestone while also being a great step in direction of technology as they can help us in achieving results with high precision. Astronomy is one such field that is reaching new levels with help of AI and machine learning. Through this paper, authors try to bridge the difference between the two fields and try to show how various machine learning algorithms have been implemented in the field of space research and have made work much easier and efficient. This article also addresses how deeply connected these two fields are how they can completely change the future of inventions and space information.
House Price Prediction using Machine Learning in Python
Authors: Kalra Neha , Uppal Nidhi , Pathak Prerna , Nandkani Muskan , Sharma Garima
Published: April 2022

The business of buying and selling of house continues to grow every year due to population growth and migration to other cities for their financial purposes. Real estate is a very emerging field in everyone’s day to day life. The prices of houses are regularly changing on daily basis and are sometimes fired rather than based on actual estimates. Foreseeing property costs by actual components is a main criterion of this research paper. Our basic aim is to take all the actual and primary features to determine the result of our system. We have used regression models like decision tree classifier, random forest, and multiple linear regression classifier for prediction to get better results and for upgraded accuracy. This paper will give information that how we will predict the home price with the help of different features and python with its libraries. The main objective of this research paper is the estimation of the market worth of a land, house, property which will help customers to buy and sell property without moving to a specialist.
Innovative Trends in the Cement Industry based on Patents
Authors: Niño Veronica Lopez
Published: April 2022

This research work presents the results from the analysis of the technological activity within the cement industry, across the globe, during the 2010-2021 period. Analysis performed chronologically, on world patent applications by regions, countries, companies, universities and research centers; comparing local versus foreign capacity. The achieved results, allowed us to establish the four most prominent countries in the world in patenting, as well as six in Latin America, along with their local capabilities and the pronounced difference between China’s behaviors to that of the other countries. The existence of a perceived decrease in the research of this productive activity where the main focus is concentrated in the patenting of new methods, processes and procedures, additives, concrete, CO2 and Gases.
BENEFITS OF HIGH-FLOW NASAL OXYGEN THERAPY IN ACUTE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Nugroho Nur Prasetyo , Julario Rerdin , Hapsari Septika Purnastuti
Published: April 2022

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a life-threatening condition. The majority of patients come to the emergency room (ER) with pulmonary congestion and respiratory failure. Therefore, oxygen therapy is an essential modality in AHF apart from diuretics and improving hemodynamic. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is often required to reduce hypercapnia, acidosis, and respiratory rate in AHF. However, it is more invasive than conventional oxygen therapy. NIV is also less comfortable for patients and has limited use in the ER. The high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is increasing in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. HFNO can deliver high flow oxygen with a constant fraction in patients with respiratory failure. Studies have reported the benefits of HFNO in acute heart failure. Therefore, HFNO may benefit and may be used as an alternative to acute heart failure patients who cannot tolerate NIV.
DIABETIC PATIENTS AND THEIR PRESENTATION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME WITH OUTCOMES: DOES GENDER PLAY ROLE?
Authors: Ali Umair , Ashraf Amber , Ahmad Asfandyar
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To determine the frequency of different acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presentations and their outcomes in diabetic patients and gender based difference.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Cardiology Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1st January to 31st July 2018. Diabetic patients admitted via emergency department presenting with acute coronary syndrome were included .The patients were followed during their hospital stay for complications like left ventricular failure, recurrent angina and mortality. All the variables were addressed according to gender difference.  Chi-square test was used for final analysis. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 388 diabetic patients were included. Of them males were 217 with mean age of 60.64 ± 9.24 years. About 65.46% patients presented to us with acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolytic therapy was done in 78.74% patients. About 86 males and 61 females developed symptoms of heart failure post MI (p < 0.001). In hospital mortality was found to be significant according to gender, p = 0.03. About 48.27% and 44.44% male patients presented with NSTEMI and USA respectively with no significant difference compared to females (p =0.21). However results were significant for stable angina [35.29% females vs.  64.70% males, p <0.001].
Conclusion: Diabetic patients present with coronary artery disease and its complications with heart failure and death more common among males as compared to females, needing special consideration for diagnosis and treatment.
AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG PHYSICIANS REGARDING INFLUENZA AND PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS
Authors: Shaikh Naveed Ahmed , Talpur Mir Fahad Hussain , Shah Shahbaz Ali , Kumar Rajesh , Bhatti Khalid Iqbal , Ashraf Tariq , Samad Ayesha , Hussain Syed Taimour
Published: April 2022

Objectives: We conducted this survey to evaluate the knowledge of cardiologists, internists, and family physicians regarding influenza and pneumonia vaccination among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.
Methodology: An online survey was conducted including practicing cardiologist, internists, and family physicians at various positions working in tertiary health care centres of all major hospitals in all over the Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was designed to assess the physicians’ knowledge toward influenza and pneumococcal vaccine and barriers for prescribing it to the recommended CVD patients.
Results: A total of 380 physicians participated in this survey, out of which 58.9% (224) were male and majority 96.3% (366) were ≤ 40 years of age. A 82.6% (314) participants indorsed that the pneumococcal vaccine is Class I indication in cardiac patients above 65 years of age, while, 48.2% (183) considered it to be recommended by the ACC/AHA in all age groups of cardiac patients. Pneumococcal vaccine are considered to be live attenuated vaccines by the 41.8% (159) of the participants. The mean knowledge score was found to be 63.09 ± 13.61. The most common stated reasons for not prescribing pneumococcal vaccine was not readily available, 42.9% (42), followed by the perception that it is not indicated, 36.7% (36).
Conclusion: Most of the physicians were not thoroughly well-aware about indications of the vaccine in CVD patients. Additionally, scope of the vaccine is under-estimated because of lack of knowledge regarding importance of vaccine and secondly due to unavailability of vaccine in most of the areas of Pakistan.
Impactos do gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil: uma análise bibliométrica e qualitativa
Authors: Da Silva Yuri Freitas Marcondes , Abreu Netto Anna Luisa , Peyerl Drielli , Moutinho dos Santos Edmilson
Published: April 2022

O Gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil (GASBOL) completou 20 anos de operação em 2019, tendo impactado em diversos aspectos os dois países envolvidos. Um empreendimento deste porte, no setor energético, tende a gerar uma produção de conhecimento em diversas áreas impactadas por ele. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a produção científica relacionada ao GASBOL, avaliando o impacto deste gasoduto nas diversas áreas do conhecimento. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise bibliométrica e qualitativa das publicações sobre o tema, entre 1999 e 2020. A análise bibliométrica demonstrou, dentre outros, a importância das conferências para a produção científica, a publicação da maioria dos artigos de periódicos em revistas bem avaliadas pela Capes e uma grande quantidade de autores filiados às empresas que administram o gasoduto. Na análise qualitativa, as publicações mais relevantes foram classificadas em cinco categorias, as quais foram descritas para a compreensão dos impactos do gasoduto em ambos os países.
Nutrient and Anti-Nutrient Profiles of Landraces, Released and Introduced Sorghum Varieties Grown In Different Agro-Ecologies of Ethiopia
Authors:   Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia, Dasa Fikiru
Published: April 2022

This study aimed at evaluating the proximate composition and tannin content of improved and local sorghum varieties grown in the lowland, intermediate and highland agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. Thirty-four sorghum varieties (6 introduced, 19 released and 9 landraces) were collected and prepared for nutrient and anti-nutrient analysis. The result showed that a significant variation was noticed among the varieties for protein, ash, minerals and tannin contents but did not differ significantly for moisture content. Wetet begunchie variety had the highest crude protein (12.74%) and zinc (30.19 mg/Kg) contents. The landrace variety, 2372 showed the highest iron content and significantly varied from others. A range of 1.47 to 3.1% total mineral content was observed with the largest for the released variety, Wetet begunchie and the lowest for the highland sorghum variety, Chelenko. The tannin content of the samples ranged from non-detectable to 46606 mg per Kg, the highest for the landraces.
Covid19 in pregnancy—a literature review
Authors: Shazia Saaqib  , Yasaan Saaqib  , Minha Zeeshan
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease-2019, or Covid-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019 as viral pneumonia. The causative agent, the Novel Coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-2, spread rapidly across the world to cause a considerable death toll. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation declared Covid-19 a pandemic. For a little over a year, the coronavirus has been around. Pregnancy is an immunodeficient state predisposing women to an increased risk of respiratory viral infections. The risk is even higher in pregnant women who already have underlying health problems due to growing age, such as  diabetes, hypertension, cardiac or respiratory diseases. The exact treatment of Covid-19 is still unknown. This narrative review was planned to summarise the current information on pathophysiology, diagnosis and effects of Covid-19 in pregnancy for better treatment plans.
Key Words: Coronavirus, Pneumonia, Pandemic, Pregnant women.
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Social Incubation in Pakistan: Enabling Student Mobilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ehsan Anam Noor , Noorali Ali Aahil , Ahmed Kaleem Sohail
Published: April 2022

To the Editor: Developing countries, like Pakistan, with limited resources and budding health systems, face intense fear and despondency amongst the public, leading to worsening outcomes as wave after wave of the pandemic hits. (1) This helplessness is felt most by students and various health profession trainees who are the least vulnerable, yet the most underutilized. Combatting this frustration led to five medical students strategizing a mechanism to amass the country's collective resilience, expertise, and knowledge. This endeavor has since grown from March 2020 into an international autonomous taskforce of 700+ volunteers: The Student Taskforce Against COVID-19, an assortment of ten distinct COVID related efforts. (2,3)
As we transitioned from a social incubator to a need-of-the-hour platform, our experiences taught us that five key values were central to enabling trainee led reform: a) strong leadership amongst working groups, b) strategic innovation targeted at developing real-time solutions to emerging and existing healthcare problems, c) reliable communication of authentic and relevant information in the midst of rumor and misinformation overload, d) community support and partnerships on individual and regional levels, and e) multidisciplinary teamwork amongst diverse volunteer groups. (Read more about us at: http://www.stac19.org/).
Our initiatives relied on synergism between backgrounds in allied health, engineering, media, marketing, and entrepreneurship. The diversely skilled volunteers from across Pakistan led efforts ranging from telehealth programmes focusing on national critical care support and virtual mental health counselling, to training and informational programs for staff and residents at senior citizen homes and for the general public via a centralized student-manned helpline. The approach to these programmes was founded on the balance between functionality and sustainability with stakeholder involvement integrated at every tier.
Although our experiences in Pakistan did face educational and economic limitations, they were very similar to patterns of student involvement in combating this crisis globally. (4) What this initiative has shown is that the interplay between diversity, synergism and collaboration is the key foundation for large-scale impact. This model of student mobilization can be reproduced in other crisis settings beyond the pandemic, beyond healthcare settings and beyond socioeconomic barriers.
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Supracostal Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, a safe and effective approach: a clinical audit
Authors: Ali Haider  , Syed Mamun Mahmud
Published: April 2022

Objective: To emphasize on safety principles through anatomic approach in Supracostal PCNL
Methods: Data of patients who underwent PCNL from June 2004 to August 2014 from The Kidney Centre Karachi, Pakistan were reviewed. Patients above 14 years of age were included. Supracostal Access were included in study. PCNL performed in Prone position with ‘Bull’s Eye Technique’. Nephrostomy were placed after the completion of procedure in most cases.
Data regarding demographic details, stone burden, Stone clearance with primary PCNL and combination. And complications rate was also assessed over Modified Clavien Grades 1 through 5.
Results: Total of 426 patients underwent PCNL. Seventy (70) out of 426 underwent PCNL through Supracostal Approach. Fifty (71.4 %) patients were Stone Free after PCNL and Sixty Four (91.4%) Patients were stone free after auxiliary procedures (ESWL, SECONDARY PCNL).
The overall complication rate was 4.7% with 3 (4.3%) patients required Tube Thoracostomy. One (1.4%) each for angioembolization, pulmonary edema/Ventilation and ICU admission for urosepsis and renal dysfunction.
Conclusion: Supracostal PCNL is a safe and effective approach for pelvicalyceal system having multiple stones. Due anatomic consideration can decrease the complication rate. In complex stones with huge burden, an elaborate and thorough counseling regarding delayed clearance, need for auxiliary procedures including Secondary PCNL is mandatory.
Keywords: PCNL, Supracostal, Anatomic Perspective and Complications.
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The oligarchic tendencies lead to the social movements of the Industrial Trends: Global Point of View
Authors: Elies Martin
Published: April 2022

The article discusses oligarchy and Egalitarian social movement, Poverty, Increasing Deprivation, and Egalitarian Movement the discussion contains oligarchy tendency, in order to trace the general effects of industrial trends, deviations from the previous Commercial Revolution are necessary as they mark the origins of the nation-state and trends. The industrialization and revolution. Oligarchy, Ideology, and the Emergence of Political Parties.  Industrial trends resulted in a necessary but repressive division of the workforce and created a wage-dependent working class in urban environments. The English Revolution of the seventeenth century and the American and French Revolutions of the eighteenth century the bourgeois revolution with a political doctrine based on the natural rights of life, liberty. property, revolution, and popular sovereignty
Does the Remittance Generate Economic Growth in the South East European Countries?
Authors: Kajtazi Kaltrina , Fetai Besnik
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to examine the causal relationships between remittances and economic growth in 10 Southeast European developing countries, including Greece as a developed country. The research uses various econometric techniques, such as OLS, fixed-effects model, random-effects model, and Hausman-Taylor IV estimators. The regression results have shown up that there is a positive link between remittances and economic growth in 10 Southeastern European countries. Findings support the hypothesis that the remittance inflows generate economic growth in 10 Southeast European countries. Despite this, a positive relationship is also revealed between foreign direct investment, final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation, exports, and economic growth. The only exchange rate does not have a causal link on economic growth, meaning that the exchange rate does not affect economic growth. Since the remittances have a positive effect on the economic growth, and they represent a large source of external financing in Southeast European countries, the government should implement the right policies to reflect on encouraging and channelizing the remittance inflows for investment purposes, which in turn lead to a reduction of migration and unemployment. The study is original and makes effort to promote the role and significance of remittance inflows in the Southeast European developing countries, including Greece. The findings of the study might be valuable for Governments of these countries and other policymakers to channels remittances for investment purposes.
Effects of Capital Control Actions on Cross-Border Trade
Authors: Zehri Chokri
Published: April 2022

The evidence that capital controls adversely affect cross-border trade is debatable. This study proves that capital controls may support international trade by mitigating the negative effect of macroeconomic volatility. We use quarterly data from a sample of 25 emerging countries over the period 2011-2019. Using long- and short-standing capital controls dynamic panel models, and diversifying robust estimations techniques, our results show that capital controls alleviate the adverse effect of the exchange rate, interest rate differential, and inflation volatilities. The long-lasting capital controls «walls» are more effective than short-lasting capital control «gates». Besides, the effects of these controls are asymmetric regarding the financial development level and category of flows for which are applied, inflows or outflows. The study highlights the beneficial role of the macroprudential policy in supporting capital control actions. The results of this study have two main policy implications, the effectiveness of ‘walls’ controls and the importance of macroeconomic policy coordination.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF ADDITION GLENIUM 51AND SILICA FUME ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT
Authors: YAQOOB Muntaha .H. , ABED Amel G. , SULYMAN Ebtahag .Z.
Published: April 2022

This research includes a study of the effect of adding Glenium 51 polymer and silica fume on the mechanical and physical properties, which included compressive, flexural and tensile strength of cement mortar and comparing the results with reference cement mortar. Glenium 51 and silica fume were added in different weight ratios as a percentage of the cement weight, and the results showed increase in compressive strength, flexural and tensile strength. All experiments were conducted with different temperatures of 7C°, 20C°, 55C° respectively to demonstrates the effect of different temperatures on cement strength and the polymers behaviour and the results showed that the compressive, flexural and tensile strength of the cement mortar reached its maximum value at the temperature of 20 C° for the moulds and there is increase in the compressive, flexural and tensile strength after adding the additives in all temperature. The values of the compressive and tensile strength used the standard specimens at the age of (2& 28 ) days.
INVESTIGATION OF THE DENSITY OF STATE PROBABILITY FOR FE METAL CONTACT TO TIO2 SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEM
Authors: ALTIMIME Saif M. , AL-AGEALY Hadi J. M. , AHMED Baida M.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the density of state (DOS) at Fe metal contact to Titanium dioxide semiconductor (TiO2) has been studied and investigated using quantum consideration approaches. The study and calculations of (DOS) depended on the orientation and driving energies. was a function of TiO2 and Fe materials' refractive index and dielectric constant. Attention has focused on the effect of on the characteristic of (DOS), which increased with the increasing of refractive index and dielectric constant of Fe metal and vice versa. The results of (DOS) and its relation with and values of system have been discussed. As for contact system is increased, (DOS) values increased at first, but the relation is disturbed later and transforms into an inverse proportion as (DOS) values begin to decrease smoothly after reaching a certain point, e.g., at = 0.1 eV, the density reached its maximum point 1.10*10-1, then it steadily decreased.
STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF NEOMYCIN SULPHATE AS SUSPENSION FORMULA FOR DIARRHOEA
Authors: MUHAMMED Awatif I. , KAMAL Rana A. , HASSAN ALMONDERI Dalia Mohammed , GALIB Mohammed , RAZZAQ Ban Isam Abdul
Published: April 2022

Preparation of veterinary formulation as suspension contain Neomycin sulfate 5%and kaolin 1% (weight /volume) used orally to treat diarrhea caused by infected with positive or negative bacteria (Salmonella sp., E.coli, St. Aureus) and diarrheal conditions associated with many diseases including hemorrhage gastoentritis, inflammatory bowel disease. After preparation the formula which examined by bacteria like St.aureus and E.coli which found the antibacterial activity of suspension as same compared with Neomycin pure. Bacterial examination of the suspension composition was carried out using St. aurius and E.coli bacteria, in which the inhibitory capacity of the neomycin suspension was found to be close to that of pure neomycin. The initial examination of the suspension was carried out at zero time, ranging between (94-106)% and compared to pure neomycin, which ranged between (90-110)%. The stability study of suspension after storing in different temperatures (25 and 40) °C for a period of three months, where the effectiveness of the composition at a temperature of 25 °C ranged between (95- 94)%. While the efficiency of the suspension composition ranged at a temperature of (40) ºC between (95-91)% ,the activity of formula may be due to quality of the materials used. The new formula was evaluation to treat diarrhea in small animals “dog and cat” with hemorrhagic bowel infection which showed good result obtained.
Why is China Still Politically Communist When Russia Left Communism?
Authors: KUVELOĞLU Ata Taha
Published: April 2022

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and China sought to balance each other as well as stand against capitalism, particularly in their relations with neighboring and other countries around the globe. While the political understanding sprouting from the same ideological foundations gradually disappeared in Russia, it maintains its influence in China. The most distinctive feature of this separation is the political perspectives, which are moving in different directions ideologically. In this study, the reasons for this ideological differentiation will be analyzed. In this context, China's interpretation of "new communism" and how the end of the Cold War after the collapse of the Soviet Union shaped the subsequent policies of China, which was directly affected by the USSR in the 20th century. Simultaneously, the military and political differences between Moscow and Beijing during the Cold War will be investigated. Finally, after disregarding the parallels, the motives for the continuity of communism in China are aimed at explaining, using the available data.