bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of scientific literacy-based learning tools model learning cycle 7E for junior high school
Authors: Wahab Muhammad Novaldy Nur Dwinanda , Wasis Wasis , Yuliani Yuliani
Published: December 2024

Numerous causal factors contribute to Indonesian students' low scientific literacy skills. One of the primary causes is a lack of learning that improves pupils' scientific literacy skills. To strengthen students' scientific literacy skills, efforts must be made, including the development of scientific literacy-based learning tools. This research is development research with a purpose to produce scientific literacy learning tools based on learning cycle 7E models that valid, and practical. This research adapts the modified method of 4D development. The Product trials were carried out with 66 students who participated as a sample of this research. Based on the analysis and findings of this research, it can be concluded that the learning tools developed are valid based on expert judgment in validity test and also practical with an average percentage of the implementation of each syntax of the 7E learning cycle learning model > 75%. This research novelty was to explain the development of products of scientific literacy-based learning tools that can be practically used in a classroom. Therefore, in this research, the researcher focused on the validity and practical aspects of development products. Hopefully for further research, can also analyze the aspects of the product's effectiveness while conducting studiesAbstrak. Banyak faktor penyebab rendahnya kemampuan literasi sains siswa Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab utamanya adalah kurangnya pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains siswa. Untuk memperkuat kemampuan literasi sains siswa, perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya, termasuk pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis literasi sains. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran literasi sains berbasis model siklus belajar 7E yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian ini mengadaptasi metode pengembangan 4D yang dimodifikasi. Uji coba produk dilakukan terhadap 66 siswa yang menjadi sampel penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisis dan temuan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan valid berdasarkan penilaian ahli dalam uji validitas dan juga praktis dengan persentase rata-rata keterlaksanaan setiap sintaks model pembelajaran siklus belajar 7E > 75%. Kebaruan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengembangan produk perangkat pembelajaran berbasis literasi sains yang dapat digunakan secara praktis di kelas. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berfokus pada aspek validitas dan praktis dari produk pengembangan. Diharapkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya, dapat juga menganalisis aspek keefektifan produk saat melakukan penelitian.
Popular science book on the Ficus genus at Lambung Mangkurat University Campus: Its effectiveness in training students' critical thinking
Authors: Azhari Muhammad Farhan , Soendjoto Mochamad Arief , Putra Aminuddin Prahatama , Riefani Maulana Khalid
Published: December 2024

There is no popular science book (PSB) on the genus Ficus, especially those that grow and develop specifically in the Lambung Mangkurat University Campus Area, Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru. Equipped with questions and invitations related to critical thinking, the PSB was compiled and then tested. The aim was to measure the effectiveness of the PSB to train students' critical thinking. The valid PSB was tested with a small group test involving 20 students and a field test involving 25 students. In three meetings, the first meeting was only as an exercise and was not assessed and meetings 2 and 3 were assessed by observers, students were asked to carry out practicums based on student worksheets and answer 10 questions. The values were analyzed so that from the small group test the expected effectiveness was obtained and from the field test the actual effectiveness was obtained. An increase in quantitative values occurred from meeting 2 to next meeting, both for expected effectiveness (from 69.10 to 84.60) and actual effectiveness (from 67.80 to 86.10). With an increase from quite good to very good in the two effectiveness, the PSB on the Ficus genus is effective in training students' critical thinking.Abstrak. Belum ada buku ilmu pengetahuan populer (BIP) tentang genus Ficus, apalagi yang tumbuh dan berkembang khusus di Area Kampus Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin dan Banjarbaru. Dilengkapi dengan pertanyaan dan ajakan terkait dengan berpikir kritis, BIP tersebut disusun dan kemudian diuji. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengukur efektivitas BIP itu untuk melatihkan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. BIP yang sudah valid diuji dengan uji kelompok kecil yang melibatkan 20 mahasiswa dan uji lapangan yang melibatkan 25 mahasiswa. Dalam tiga pertemuan yang pertemuan pertamanya hanya sebagai latihan dan tidak dinilai serta Pertemuan-2 dan Pertemuan-3 dinilai oleh observer, mahasiswa diminta melaksanakan praktikum berdasarkan lembar kerja mahasiswa dan menjawab 10 pertanyaan. Nilai-nilainya dianalisis sehingga dari uji kelompok kecil diperoleh efektivitas harapan dan dari uji lapangan diperoleh efektivitas aktual. Peningkatan nilai kuantitatif terjadi dari Pertemuan-2 ke Pertemuan-3, baik untuk efektivitas harapan (dari 69,10 ke 84,60) maupun efektivitas aktual (dari 67,80 ke 86,10). Dengan peningkatan dari cukup baik ke sangat baik pada dua efektivitas tersebut, BIP tentang genus Ficus tersebut efektif untuk melatihkan berpikir kritis mahasiswa.
KEMAMPUAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL (MOL) BONGGOL PISANG UNTUK MENDEGRADASI KADAR TPH TANAH TERCEMAR OLI
Authors: Suprayitno Didik , Mondiana Yani Quarta
Published: December 2024

Berkembangnya industri otomotif dewasa ini menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan, salah satunya adalah pencemaran tanah yang diakibatkan oleh oli bekas. Oli yang digunakan sebagai pelumas mesin merupakan salah satu hasil dari olahan minyak bumi yang tersusun dari campuran senyawa hidrokarbon 90% dan komponen non hidrokarbon 10%. Limbah oli bekas yang terbuang ke tanah akan diserap oleh tanah sehingga menyebabkan turunnya kemampuan tanah dalam menyerap air, menghambat produktivitas tanah serta dapat merubah struktur dan fungsi tanah. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan pencemaran tanah adalah dengan bioremediasi. Bioremediasi dengan menambahkan MOL bonggol pisang diharapkan mampu untuk mengurangi kadar TPH pada tanah yang tercemar limbah oli bekas. MOL bonggol pisang banyak mengandung bahan organik dan juga mengandung unsur hara yang sangat tinggi yang dapat digunakan oleh mikroorganisme untuk kelangsungan hidupnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan MOL bonggol pisang dalam mendegradasi kadar TPH pada tanah yang tercemar limbah oli bekas. Penelitian ini mengguanakan metode ekperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar N, P, K dalam MOL bonggol pisang sangat tinggi, sehingga dengan melakukan penambahan MOL bonggol pisang mampu menurunkan kadar TPH pada tanah tercemar limbah oli bekas. Kadar TPH awal mempunyai konsentrasi sebesar 34,09%, setelah dilakukan penambahan MOL bonggol pisang kadar TPH berkurang menjadi 12,34%.
PENGARUH MASSA ADSORBEN ZEOLIT, ARANG AKTIF SEKAM PADI, DAN ARANG AKTIF JERAMI PADI TERHADAP EFISIENSI PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI ION TIMBAL (Pb2+)
Authors: Desriyanti Desriyanti , Akbari Tauny , Fitriyah Fitriyah
Published: December 2024

Kadar ion timbal Pb2+ yang terdapat pada limbah cair dapat berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan yang akan menimbulkan sifat racun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh massa adsorben zeolit, arang aktif sekam padi, dan arang aktif jerami padi terhadap efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi ion timbal (Pb2+) pada larutan sampel Pb konsentrasi 5 mg/L. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan 3 perlakuan adsorben zeolit, arang aktif sekam padi, dan arang aktif jerami padi yaitu (0,5 gram, 1,0 gram, dan 1,5 gram) dengan uji adsorpsi pada kecepatan pengadukan 250 rpm selama 60 menit. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi ion timbal (Pb2+) paling tinggi dicapai oleh media adsorben zeolit (massa 1,5 gram) sebesar 90% (0,48 mg/L), media adsorben arang aktif sekam padi (massa 1,5 gram) sebesar 87% (0,64 mg/L), dan media adsorben arang aktif jerami padi (massa 1,5 gram) sebesar 85% (0,73 mg/L). Penambahan massa adsorben zeolit, arang aktif sekam padi, dan arang aktif jerami padi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan konsentrasi ion timbal (Pb2+). Efisiensi penurunan ion timbal (Pb2+) oleh media adsorben zeolit, arang aktif sekam padi, dan arang aktif jerami padi berada pada kisaran 85% - 90% namun belum memenuhi syarat baku mutu berdasarkan PERMENLH No 5 Tahun 2014 yaitu 0,1 mg/L.
ANALISIS KUANTITAS DAN KUALITAS AIR HUJAN UNTUK CADANGAN AIR BERSIH PADA SEKOLAH BERASRAMA
Authors: Fadhil Muhammad Zaini , Annisa Nova
Published: December 2024

Sistem sekolah berasrama tidak hanya melaksanakan kegiatan belajar, namun juga kegiatan sehari- hari seperti mandi, mencuci, dan lainnya. Banyaknya siswa pada satu tempat dan adanya kegiatan sehari membuat kebutuhan air bersih menjadi tinggi. Sekolah berasrama yang hanya menggunakan PDAM sebagai penyedia air bersih akan mengalami kendala jika terjadi gangguan distribusi air. Berdasarkan itu, diperlukan sumber cadangan air bersih yang bisa didapatkan dari pemanfaatan air hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kuantitas dan kualitas air hujan pada sekolah berasrama sebagai sumber penyediaan untuk cadangan air bersih. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN Banua Kalsel yang merupakan sekolah berasrama. Metode analisis kuantitas air hujan menggunakan analisis hidrologi terhadap curah hujan harian maksimum untuk mengetahui volume suplai maksimum air hujan. Analisis kualitas air hujan dilakukan pada parameter TDS, pH, dan e. coli. Pengujian sampel air hujan di SMAN Banua Kalsel terhadap parameter tersebut dibandingkan dengan baku mutu Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023. Hasil analisis kuantitas air hujan yaitu volume suplai maksimum dapat mencapai 973,4 m3. Kualitas air hujan yaitu parameter TDS yaitu <51 mg/L, pH 7,41, dan e. coli 140 CFU/100mL. Parameter yang belum memenuhi baku mutu adalah e. coli.
PERENCANAAN TEMPAT PENAMPUNGAN SEMENTARA (TPS) DAN SISTEM PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI TENGAH DENGAN METODE SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG)
Authors: Firdausy Muhammad Abrar , Prayoga Muhammad Iqbal
Published: December 2024

Hulu Sungai Tengah dihadapkan pada permasalahan sampah yang belum ditangani secara optimal. Pelayanan persampahan di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah hanya mencapai 54%. Perencanaan TPS akan dimulai tahun 2024 hingga 2033 dengan total 92 TPS jenis kontainer dengan volume 6 m3, berdasarkan proyeksi jumlah penduduk dan proyeki timbulan sampah di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah. Terdapat 3 jenis skenario pilihan sistem pengangkutan sampah yaitu sistem Hauled Container System (HCS), Stationary Container System (SCS), dan campuran (HCS dan SCS). Dari ketiga skenario tersebut dianalisis jarak, waktu, dan Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK). Sementara Sistem Informasi Geografis digunakan untuk menentukan jalur pengangkutan sampah. Sistem pengangkutan sampah yang direkomendasi pada tahun 2024 hingga 2033 adalah HCS dengan jarak tempuh total 11.980.220 km, untuk pengangkutan diperlukan waktu total 386.327 jam, dan biaya perencanaan total yang dibutuhkan ialah Rp. 96.217.961.033.
KARAKTERISTIK LOGAM BERAT PADA LIMBAH CAIR RSD IDAMAN KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Wardani Hesti Sasmila , Suhartono Eko , Isnasyauqiah Isnasyauqiah
Published: December 2024

Limbah cair rumah sakit memiliki karakteristik unik yang berbeda dengan limbah cair domestik biasa. Obat-obatan dan zat toksik lainnya menyebabkan adanya kandungan logam berat pada limbah cair. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan kualitas logam berat pada limbah cair pada rumah sakit di Kota Banjarbaru serta mengevaluasi kepatuhan konsentrasi logam berat dalam limbah cair terhadap standar baku mutu yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menyelidiki 9 parameter logam berat pada limbah cair rumah sakit. Pengujian ini dilakukan sejak Januari 2023 sampai Desember 2023.  Konsentrasi rata-rata As, Fe, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, dan Ni pada inlet berturut-turut 0,0037, 0,3557, 0,0034, 0,0331, 0,0272, 0,0035, 0,0323, 0,004, 0,0064 mg/L; pada outlet 0,0037, 0,199, 0,0034, 0,0361, 0,0194, 0,0030, 0,0324, 0,004, 0,0064 mg/L Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan konsentrasi pada inlet dan outlet masih berada dibawah standar baku mutu yang ditetapkan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 5 Tahun 2014. Ada tren peningkatan dan penurunan konsentrasi pada bulan-bulan tertentu.  Cd, Cu, Pb, Co dan Ni memiliki tren penurunan konsentrasi pada bulan Januari sampai Agustus, dan meningkat pada bulan September sampai Desember.  Konsentrasi Mn dan Zn menunjukkan tren penurunan dari Januari hingga April, kemudian meningkat pada Mei hingga Desember. Sebaliknya konsentrasi As menunjukkan tren peningkatan dari Januari hingga Agustus, kemudian menurun pada September hingga Desember. Sedangkan Fe tidak ada tren yang jelas.
ANALISIS KEHILANGAN AIR DENGAN METODE NERACA AIR DAN INFRASTRUCTURE LEAKAGE INDEX (ILI) PADA PERUMDA AIR MINUM KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Rakhmad Galih Iman , Yuniarto Adhi
Published: December 2024

Air tidak berekening merupakan permasalahan utama yang dihadapi Perumda Air Minum Kota Surakarta, dengan tingkat kehilangan air mencapai 42,37% pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengendalikan kehilangan air secara fisik dengan menggunakan metode neraca air dan Indeks Kebocoran Infrastruktur (Infrastructure Leakage Index). Data primer diperoleh melalui kunjungan lapangan dan pengukuran langsung, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Perusahaan Air Minum Kota Solo. Analisis neraca air dilakukan untuk mengetahui kehilangan air secara fisik, yang kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung ILI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan volume penyaluran air sebanyak 24.270.430 meter kubik dan kehilangan air fisik sebanyak 9.669.609 meter kubik. Nilai ILI menggambarkan efektivitas pengelolaan jaringan distribusi dalam mengendalikan kehilangan air. Kesimpulan dari studi ini menyoroti pentingnya tindakan pengendalian bebas air dan mengurangi kebocoran/kehilangan air secara fisik untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas operasional pelayanan air minum di Kota Surakarta.
KETAATAN PENGELOLAAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PERTAMBANGAN BATU GAMPING SEBUAH KASUS DI PT ETERNAL RICHWAY
Authors: Manganti Eka Ruslianida Verawati , Suyanto Suyanto , Hidayat Achmad Syamsu , Sulaiman Abrani
Published: December 2024

Perusahaan penambangan batugamping PT Eternal Richway  merupakan perusahaan penanaman modal asing (PMA) semula luasnya 592 ha dan sekarang bertambah menjadi 149 ha dengan kapasitas produksinya mencapai 3.000.000 ton/tahun, berada di Desa Kaong dan Desa Pangelak yang memegang teguh hukum adat Dayak Deah, sehingga berpotensi adanya gesekan ekonomi, sosial maupun lingkungan dengan masyarakat. Terdapat kesenjangan antara pelaporan dengan kenyataan di lapangann yang terkesan ditutup tutupi, sehingga besar kemungkinan konflik akan muncul dipermukaan. Kesenjangan ini harus dibuka agar pemerintah daerah dapat mengambil langkah antisipasi konflik. Evaluasi ketaatan pengelolaan dampak lingkungan dapat membawa perbaikan pada kinerja perusahaan, sehingga berkontribusi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat ketaatan PT Eternal Richway terhadap aturan pengelolaan dampak lingkungan pertambangan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan penerapan metode penelitian campuran (mix method). Metode campuran ini menerapkan strategi triangulasi konkuren untuk mengumpulkan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara bersamaan, serta mengintegrasikan data tersebut pada tahap interpretasi dan pembahasan. Analisis ketaatan menggunakan perhitungan ketaatan berdasarkan adopsi dan modifikasi PROPER kategori Biru dengan indikator utama: pengendalian pencemaran air dan udara, pengelolaan B3 dan limbah B3, pengendalian kerusakan lahan, dan pengelolaan sampah. Penilaian realisasi RKL-RPL menggunakan metode checklist kemudian dihitung prosentasenya. Penentuan tingkat ketaatan akhir dilakukan dengan tingkat ketaatan yang telah diadopsi dan dimodifikasi oleh penulis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat ketaatan akhir pelaksanaan RKL-RPL PT Eternal Richway adalah 65,45% dengan status tingkat ketaatan “Cukup Taat” artinya pelaksanaan RKL-RPL belum optimal, dan perlu adanya perbaikan dalam pelaksanaannya.
Synthesis of poly aluminium chloride (PAC) from aluminum cable waste through the polymerization process
Authors: Gemilang Surya , Athobarani Akmal , Sari Ni Ketut , Lestari Rowina
Published: December 2024

Cable waste is classified as inorganic waste that is difficult to decompose. Aluminum cable waste has good coagulant properties if it can be synthesized into Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) because the active aluminate groups can aggregate suspended materials in water into flocks during the coagulation-flocculation process in water purification. PAC is made by hydrolyzing aluminum samples with a 33% HCl solution. The sample is then left for one day to complete the hydrolysis process. After the formation of the AlCl3 solution, polymerization is carried out by adding a Na2CO3 solution. In the research conducted, the best result was a turbidity reduction value of up to 2.96 NTU with the addition of 30 ml of AlCl3 monomer and a Na2CO3 initiator with a concentration of 7N. After optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in the Design Expert 13 software, the most optimal result for the synthesized PAC was found to reduce wastewater turbidity to 2.609 NTU with variables of 25.992 ml of AlCl3 monomer volume and 5.248N of Na2CO3 initiator concentration. Based on this research, the concentration of the initiator has a significant effect on the ability of the monomer to bind into a PAC polimer chain.
Producing chitosan from shellfish waste and its application as a natural coagulant in water purifiers
Authors: Achmad Feerzet , Azizah Rifka Noor , Daulay Yuliana , Yuniarti Reni , Suharto Suharto , Suhartono Suhartono , Noorsaly Siti Rizkyna
Published: December 2024

Waste from simping shellfish (Amusium pleuronectes) shells can pose environmental hazards if waste levels exceed the threshold. This research aims to produce chitosan from shellfish, specifically simping shells, for the purification of raw water. The optimal dosage for both chitosan and alum coagulants in water samples with bay river turbidity (49.5 NTU) is 1 ppm, resulting in a turbidity removal percentage of 99%. The optimum pH for chitosan coagulant (1 ppm) is 6.32, and for alum coagulant (1 ppm) is 8. For bay river water with an initial turbidity of 49.5 NTU, the optimal dose of chitosan coagulant is 1 ppm, achieving a turbidity removal percentage of 99%. Producing chitosan from shellfish waste as a natural coagulant for water purification offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective solution that enhances water quality, reduces seafood industry waste, and provides a safe alternative to chemical coagulants, with potential applications in various fields.
Regeneration of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in CO2 methanation
Authors: Melati Rima , Junaidi Robert , Zamhari Mustain
Published: December 2024

CO₂ emissions are one form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to global warming. CO₂ contributed 175.62 million tons in 2021, impacting greenhouse gas levels. One strategy to reduce the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere is to convert CO₂ gas into useful chemicals. One example of this is the hydrogenation of CO₂ to produce methane, which can serve as an alternative to LPG. The aim of this research is to produce methane gas by developing a fixed bed reactor in a simple manner. The catalyst Ni/Al2O3 with 20 grams and five regenerations could produce CH₄ up to 49.73% compared to 39.06% for those with 10 grams. However, the H2 gas remaining is higher for those with 10 grams (1.454 ppm compared to 1.042 ppm). Also, The CO2 gas remaining is higher for those with 10 grams (58.18% compared to 47.92%). The results of this study can be the basis for developing energy policies, encouraging investment in clean energy technologies, and supporting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for energy sustainability and resilience.
Mathematical and algorithmic modeling of a complex medical and social integral indicator for agricultural workers
Authors: Gladskikh N. A. , Ustimov M. G. , Levitsky E. N.
Published: December 2024

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the health status of workers in the agro-industrial complex is an important and urgent task. When developing a methodology for calculating the probability of an employee losing ability to work depending on the state of working conditions in the workplace, it was shown that in the context of solving problems of assessing the impact of working conditions on the health of a worker, including in procedures for assessing occupational risk, the probability of loss of ability to work is not nothing more than a quantitative assessment of the probability of developing an occupational disease or work-related injury in specific working conditions, which, at first glance, could be characterized by indicators of the frequency of occupational diseases and injuries taking into account working conditions. A survey of the health status of agricultural workers was conducted at local departments of city clinics. To collect information about patients, we used the “Health Questionnaire”, which, by decision of the World Health Organization, introduced a questionnaire about the patient’s health in all medical institutions. 156 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. At the first stage of information processing, the structure of medical and social characteristics of agricultural workers was studied. At the second stage, the a priori ranking method was used, which uses expert information to rank each attribute value. During the study, the scores necessary for the subsequent calculation of a complex integral medical and social health indicator were calculated. The results of the study indicate the presence of a negative trend in the dynamics of the health status of agricultural workers, which is primarily associated with poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, self-medication, and rare visits to medical specialists. In this regard, important tasks are, first of all, the development and implementation of preventive, treatment and rehabilitation technologies and priority programs in the work of agro-industrial enterprises, in particular, the rational organization of nutrition in agro-industrial enterprises, optimization of the motor regime.
Application of satellite navigation technologies and BAS in the interests of agro-industrial complex management
Authors: Linkina A. V. , Osipov E. I.
Published: December 2024

The article explores the development of domestic agriculture based on digital solutions, such as navigation technologies based on satellite systems, remote sensing data processing, the use of expert systems and decision support systems, machine learning, including pattern recognition and computer vision, big data analysis and predictive analytics. As part of the study, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the application of satellite navigation technologies and unmanned aerial systems based on global experience over the retrospective period from 2000 to 2023. An assessment of the economic effect of using this approach is given and it is analyzed that the productivity of agricultural land can be increased by 63-68% using the technologies in question. A comparative analysis of the level of implementation of precision farming in the Russian Federation and a number of foreign countries is carried out by regions. It has been established that, despite the existing technologies of the global satellite navigation system, its share is relatively low. Data are presented showing the number of farms in the context of subjects of the Russian Federation and the area cultivated using precision farming systems and the potential for their expansion. The main guidance systems are structured.
Application of machine learning in the organisation of adaptive-landscape farming systems
Authors: Linkina A. V.
Published: December 2024

The article explores the possibilities of using artificial intelligence tools in organizing ecological landscape farming systems. It is noted that with the help of learning algorithms, agricultural producers can optimize many production processes, increase the productivity of land and the quality of the resulting products, as well as reduce costs and costs. It has been shown that the mass implementation of machine learning can increase the share of gross value added in the next 5 years by 25% in crop production, and up to 14% in livestock production under an optimistic scenario of development; in the most probable scenario, the indicators will be two times lower, and in a pessimistic scenario - an increase will occur by no more than 3.8% in the crop industry, and up to 0.4% in the livestock industry. Since adaptive landscape agriculture, based on taking into account the characteristics of the relief, climate, agrofacies, must take into account a large number of parameters, such as assessment of the condition of the soil and plants, sown areas, frequency of their cultivation, the amount of applied mineral and organic fertilizers, treatment with herbicides and insecticides, etc. ., a prototype of an information system was developed that allows, based on predictive analysis, to select the most optimal solution for organizing crop rotations in order to manage farming systems. The article shows the possibility of using computer vision in recognizing cartographic material and establishing the type of agricultural landscape to obtain highly productive crops. Intellectual analysis models were built based on incoming features. To work with the proposed product, there are no specialized requirements for personnel qualifications, and can even be used by ordinary employees of both large agricultural holdings, representatives of municipal and state authorities in the agricultural sector, and employees of small farms due to its simplicity and intuitive interface.
Research of phase equilibria in water-salt systems containing whey components
Authors: Plotnikova S. E. , Gorbunova E. M. , Niftaliev S. I. , Bocharova L. V. , Luchko A. M.
Published: December 2024

Currently, it is environmentally friendly and promising to use whey to produce lactose, lactulose and other valuable products that are beneficial to human health. However, the serum contains a sufficiently large amount of mineral salts, which complicates the recycling processes. In the process of demineralization, nonofiltration, cation- and anion-exchange membranes, etc., are widely used, which are polluted by the salt crystals formed. The least soluble of the inorganic substances present in the serum are calcium salts, in this regard, the three-component system Ca(H2PO4)2 - CaCl2 - H2O is of interest. To study phase equilibria in the Ca(H2PO4)2 - CaCl2 - H2O system a diagram of the state at a temperature of 20 ° C is constructed. According to the points corresponding to the composition of the equilibrium liquid phases, a monovariant equilibrium line is constructed, under which there is a region of unsaturated solutions. By the method of Screinemakers, it was found that in an area with a calcium chloride content of less than 43%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate crystallizes. For the area adjacent to the top of CaCl2, three salts crystallize together: Ca(H2PO4)2 + CaCl2 + CaCl2∙6H2O. On the triangle of compositions there are two areas of joint existence of the solution and crystals of L + Ca(H2PO4)∙2H2O + Ca(H2PO4)2 and L + Ca(H2PO4)2 + CaCl2∙6H2O. The composition of crystallizing solid phases has been confirmed by chemical analysis. Using the obtained data, it is possible to create conditions for the preliminary crystallization of the salts that make up the whey and their isolation from the solution, which will reduce the clogging of the pores of the membranes in the further process of serum demineralization.
Production of cottage cheese with improved quality indicators
Authors: Dolmatova O. I. , Bessonova L. A.
Published: December 2024

Cottage cheese is a healthy dairy protein product that is included in the diet of most Russians. It is consumed as an independent product, used as a prescription ingredient in the production of semi-finished products (for example, cheesecakes, dumplings, etc.). The main processes that determine the quality of cottage cheese are casein coagulation and processing of the formed clot. To produce a product of standard moisture content and consistency, it is necessary to obtain a dense protein clot with irreversibly breaking bonds that contribute to its syneresis. The method of protein coagulation has a significant impact on the structural-mechanical and syneretic properties of clots. Clots formed during acid coagulation of proteins have a greater dispersion of particles, as well as lower viscosity and strength compared to clots obtained by rennet-acid coagulation. However, for low-fat cottage cheese and cottage cheese with a mass fraction of fat of 5%, it is preferable to carry out acid coagulation. The structure and properties of clots are affected by: the chemical composition of milk or cream; the composition of the starter cultures used; pasteurization modes; homogenization modes; fermentation temperature; clot acidity; modes of cooling and maturation; mass fraction of calcium chloride, etc. Raw milk with high quality indicators was used in the production of cottage cheese. Experimental samples of milk differed from the control in increased mass fraction of protein by 0.7-0.8% and fat by 0.2-0.4%, solids; the smallest number of somatic cells. A mixture was made to obtain cottage cheese with a mass fraction of fat of 5%. Pasteurization of the milk mixture was carried out at a temperature of 80 ºС with a holding time of 20 seconds. To improve clot syneresis, the homogenization operation was excluded. In the production of cottage cheese, certain technological modes were chosen that provided the specified characteristics of the clot. Cottage cheese obtained by an optimized technology is characterized by a reduced mass fraction of moisture by 4.5 ± 0.2%, lower titratable acidity by 25 ± 1 ºT, a reduced amount of yeast and mold, and an increased moisture-holding capacity compared to the control sample.
Comparison of chemical firmness of the titanium, tantalum and platinum in muriatic oxidizing environments in the autoclave
Authors: Akimenko A. A. , Belousov O. V. , Borisov R. V.
Published: December 2024

In modern hydrometallurgy, autoclave leaching processes are widely used, which is associated with a number of their advantages over processes occurring in open systems. In the Russian refining industry, the introduction of such technologies is difficult, and one of the reasons is the high requirements for the corrosion resistance of structural materials. In this work, the behavior of metal plates of tantalum, titanium and platinum in solutions of hydrochloric acid with additions of hydrogen peroxide under autoclave conditions was studied in the temperature range of 100-200°C. It has been shown that the specific dissolution rate of platinum under autoclave conditions is several orders of magnitude higher than the dissolution rates of titanium and tantalum under similar conditions. Thus, at a temperature of 130°C, a platinum plate dissolves completely within 2 hours, which corresponds to a specific dissolution rate of 1500·10-12 g m2/s; the dissolution rate of titanium and tantalum under the same conditions was 40·10-12 and less than 1·10-12 g·m2/s, respectively. The creation of oxidizing conditions promotes the passivation of tantalum and, to a large extent, titanium. Platinum, on the contrary, under oxidizing conditions intensively goes into solution. Taking into account the fact that in most cases PGM raw materials are dispersed powders with a high specific surface area, titanium equipment can be recommended for their processing. It has been established that titanium is quite stable in the presence of an oxidizing agent in solutions of 3 M hydrochloric acid up to a temperature of 160°C. Tantalum in hydrochloric acid oxidizing environments is stable up to a temperature of 200°C. The quantitative data obtained in the work can be used to develop technologies for processing raw materials containing platinum group metals and to create corresponding equipment.
Active packaging material based on biodegradable polymer
Authors: Zagidullina I. A. , Guzhova A. A. , Perushkina E. V.
Published: December 2024

Modern trends in processing, storage and packaging of food products are aimed at preserving the native properties of raw materials, ensuring hygienic safety, modern design and properties of the packaging material intended for the consumer. Pasteurized milk production includes following stages - normalization, heat treatment, packing and packaging, at which it is important to preserve the quality of the finished dairy product, that is why polymeric containers are used for most dairy products. The research was aimed to develop polymeric packaging for milk, characterized by additional material functions and capable of biological degradation after use. Polylactide with the introduction of an inert filler was chosen as a promising packaging material. The authors have produced electret films based on polylactide with the introduction of 2, 4 and 6% talc. Polarization of the samples was carried out by means of corona discharge on a unit with a square needle electrode with an area of 49 cm2. Increasing the talc content in the composition of samples contributed to the reduction of mechanical characteristics of materials. It was found that the introduction of talc into polylactide increases the electret properties of the material, which is based on the occurrence of additional traps of injected charge carriers. The developed polymeric material was tested using cow's milk industrially pasteurized at 74-76°C. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of electret polylactide film on acidity and microflora composition of pasteurized milk during storage at 37°C for 48 hours. In the presence of active packaging material, the formation of a dense milk clot and an increase in the acidity of the product were observed during the milk fermentation.
Synthesis of indole 3 acetic acid during co-cultivation of yeast and bacteria
Authors: Pronin A. S. , Kolmykova T. S. , Lukatkin A. S.
Published: December 2024

The work is dedicated to the study of yeast and bacterial strains that are potential components for developing bio-preparations for plants. Experiments involving the co-cultivation of bacteria and yeast capable of stimulating plant growth provide a basis for the development of complex bio-preparations that can impact agricultural crops and be evaluated based on their phytohormonal activity. The study evaluates the possibility of synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid during the co-cultivation of Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. auerofaciens B 5326 bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y 4317 yeast. Modern methods were employed to assess the microorganisms' metabolites, such as thin-layer chromatography for amino acid composition evaluation and the Salkowski reaction for detecting indole-3-acetic acid in the culture fluid. In the initial stages of the work, it was demonstrated that there was no competitive interaction between bacteria and fungi. The maximum concentration of colony-forming units during the co-cultivation of P. chlororaphis and S. cerevisiae was (3 ± 0.2) × 10^8 and (8 ± 0.2) × 10^6 CFU/ml, respectively. The study revealed that P. chlororaphis and S. cerevisiae could synthesize indole-3-acetic acid during co-cultivation. Experiments with the addition of tryptophan showed that the exogenous introduction of the amino acid stimulates the accumulation of phytohormones in the culture fluid only for P. chlororaphis. Therefore, we hypothesize that S. cerevisiae is the main source of tryptophan during the co-cultivation of microorganisms. The obtained data serve as a basis for creating a complex biological preparation for plant treatment and confirm our hypothesis regarding the possibility of co-cultivating microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic categories.
Establishment of probiotic associations for foods and feeds
Authors: Volkova G. S.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to design associations of probiotic bacteria using a set of modern methods of microbiological research for the purpose of use in functional food products and feed additives. Strains of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria were selected according to biological compatibility and absence of competitive interactions. Cultivation and quantification of microorganisms were carried out on MRS medium. Based on the results, 2 consortia of bacteria were constructed containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 24/48, Lactobacillus рlantarum 578/25, Lactobacillus helveticus 842 (D)-2, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii As-103/12, Propionibacterium shermanii K-16. The study of biological compatibility of lactic acid bacteria was carried out by drop method. New experimental data on the growth rates of associations and the amount of accumulated biomass at 20 hours of growth were obtained, which is a scientific novelty of this study. It is shown that the character of interstrain interactions is important in the selection of strains for probiotic associations. It was established that the studied strains of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria in the association should be present in the ratio of 2:1, fermentation with periodic stirring in anaerobic conditions at 37°C and pH 5.9-6.0. Sequential introduction of bacterial cultures is advisable after 3-4 hours of pre-incubation of lactic acid bacteria. Experimental data contain established new regularities. It is noted that for therapeutic and prophylactic effect the concentration of probiotics in dry preparations should be not less than 10 to the extent of 10-12 CFU/g of preparation, so the accumulation of bacterial biomass in the technological process should take into account 10-20% death of the population in the process of drying or concentrating.
Breading Systems: II. Opportunities For Gluten-Free Alternative
Authors: Molchanova E. N. , Berdimuratova M. , Sechkov I. D.
Published: December 2024

Fried products using breading systems continue to be in demand among consumers. To meet the demand for gluten-free coatings, many researchers have focused on the use of different types of flour and non-traditional raw materials. The purpose of the work was to summarize and analyze scientific publications devoted to the use of gluten-free raw materials in breading systems, its influence on the technological properties of each type of multilayer breading coating and the quality of the finished product. The object of the study was peer-reviewed foreign and domestic scientific literature posted in the Scopus, Science Direct, RSCI databases. Methods of search, selection, systematization, generalization and analysis of scientific publications were used. It has been shown that the formation of organoleptic characteristics of products using breading systems occurs due to various reactions caused by heating. The reaction products depend on the component composition of the coating, the type of oil and frying conditions. The use of alternative flours may affect the intensity of certain chemical reactions, altering the expected sensory characteristics of fried foods. Also, new raw materials cannot always provide the technological properties of batter: the possibility of adhesion to various surfaces of food products, improving the adhesion and strength of the outer layer, as well as maintaining crispness in the crust, reducing oil absorption with optimal moisture retention in the substrate. At the same time, to obtain products of traditional quality, additional components are usually required. An analysis of the scientific literature has shown that the greatest use for these purposes is found in hydrocolloids, which can improve the rheological properties of the dough through the processes of thickening, emulsification, stabilization, gelling ability, and synergism. Each type of hydrocolloids affects various rheological parameters of the dough and the quality of the finished products. For a gluten-free alternative to the top layer, non-traditional ingredients can be used. It is shown that the potential of raw materials for breading coatings has not yet been sufficiently studied and this area is of interest for further research.
Physical and chemical kinetics of water saturation of soybean seeds in the process of modern food systems production
Authors: Kupchak D. V. , Dotsenko S. M. , Lyubimova O. I. , Boyarineva I. V.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the work is to establish the kinetics of the intensity of water saturation of soybean seeds process, taking into account various factors. In the research a scheme was presented that separates the technological operations of obtaining concentrated forms of soy protein for the design of food systems according to several classification criteria: by type of technological effect on soybean seeds, by type of destructive effect, by the method of isolation and concentration of protein substances, by the physical form of the final product. This scheme shows the various transformative stages of modification of soy raw materials in the production process: water saturation, germination, drying, roasting, steaming, cooking, flattening, crushing, grinding, abrasion, extraction and others, which ultimately allow converting the original seeds into nutritionally adequate ingredients of various physical forms: gel, paste, flour, granulate, texturate, concentrate, isolate. The initial stage of the soybean seed conversion process is the water saturation by soaking in an aqueous medium. It is noted that when soybean seeds are immersed in water, the process of water saturation begins, the kinetics of which characterizes an increase in volume, a change in geometric parameters and an increase in seed moisture over time, taking into account controlled technological factors: temperature and degree of mineralization of water, and also depends on the biological characteristics of the soybean variety: seed size, shell permeability, physico-chemical properties of soy protein etc. This process was determined using equations describing the kinetics of water saturation of soybean seeds. The studies on the creation of approaches to understanding the multifactorial analysis of the process of water saturation of soybean seeds make it possible to control the expected result in targeted food design.
Obtaining fermented kvass base using a natural sugar source
Authors: Permyakova L. V. , Sergeeva I. Y. , Lashitsky S. S. , Matvienko N. A. , Kiselev A. S. , Timoffev I. S.
Published: December 2024

The modern beverage market, including low-alcohol beverages, is characterised by the emergence of new types of products with a functional orientation. Specific properties and increased biological value are achieved by using raw materials that are not typical for the product. Sugar is one of the main raw materials in the production of kvass, it provides the necessary alcohol content in the drink, but at the same time significantly increases its caloric content. Products of sugar beet processing (juice and cake) contain a valuable complex of substances of the original raw material. The aim of the work is to study the possibility of using sugar beet juice (SJS) and beet pulp extract (BPE) in the manufacture of kvass. It was found that the wort based on EZhS is slower fermented in comparison with the wort from SSS, has poorly removable defects in flavour and aroma. Comparative analysis of the process of fermentation of wort on the basis of SCC by different types of yeast showed the advantage of beer yeast of low fermentation, in particular race S-23, over pressed bakery yeast. In the first case the biomass growth was 131 % in relation to the sample fermented with baker's yeast, the loss of dry matter was 1.2 times higher. The enzymatic activity of yeasts on wort from SCC and with the addition of leavening wort concentrate KKS (5, 10, 30 % by volume) was 9-36 % higher than in the control (wort from KKS and sugar syrup). In terms of organoleptic characteristics, the fermented base from SSS and KKS in the amount of 10 % and higher was close to traditional kvass. Thus, the replacement of sugar syrup with fermented base from SSS has a positive effect on the vitality of yeast due to the fullness of the nutrient medium, reduces the duration of fermentation, allows you to get a finished drink with reduced energy value, but enriched with biologically active compounds of native raw materials.
Studying factors affecting yields of toxic compounds in smoke of products made of smoking fine cut tobacco
Authors: Smirnova E. Y. , Gnuchikh E. V. , Bubnov E. A. , Slavyansky A. A.
Published: December 2024

Currently, the Russian market offers a wide range of smoking tobacco products. Cigarettes are in greatest demand. However, for many reasons, including high selling prices due to rising excise taxes, and dissatisfaction with taste characteristics, cigarette consumption is declining. There is a partial transition of consumers to other types of products, with fine-cut smoking tobacco being an alternative and obvious choice. From fine-cut smoking tobacco, consumers independently make products (roll-your-own cigarettes) of the Roll Your Own (RYO) type without a filter, wrapping a portion of tobacco with special paper manually, combining different types of tobacco, using different papers, changing the mass of tobacco and the diameter of the product, creating a product that meets taste preferences. Considering that nicotine and tar carry a toxic load for the body of consumers, it is relevant to study the content of smoke components of fine-cut smoking tobacco products (rolled tobacco), which may depend on many factors (weight of the product, diameter of the product, properties of tobacco, properties of paper). In present article technological properties of different tobacco sorts: Virginia Gold, Burley, Immuniy 580 and tobacco blend made of these sorts were examined. Composition of papers for hand made cigarettes and their air permeability were analyzed. Effect of products’ constructive properties on contents of toxic compounds in the smoke (tar, nicotine) was studied. Correlation between cigarette paper air permeability and chemical composition of the smoke was experimentally found. Utilization paper with low air permeability increases nicotine and tar content in the smoke of final product. Increasing diameter and mass of the product also leads to increasing of tar and nicotine content.