bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farelo de trigo na alimentação de poedeiras semipesadas na fase de recria
Authors: Araujo Daniel de Magalhães , Silva José Humberto Vilar da , Araujo José Anchieta de , Teixeira Elisanie Neiva Magalhães , Jordão Filho José , Ribeiro Marcelo Luís Gomes
Published: January 2008

O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de farelo de trigo (FT) na ração sobre o desempenho de frangas semipesadas nas fases de recria 1 (7 a 14 semanas de idade) e recria 2 (15 a 19 semanasde idade) e seu efeito residual durante a fase inicial de produção de ovos. Foram utilizadas 160 frangas Lohmann Brown distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro níveis de FT na ração: 0 (controle), 10, 20 e 30%, que resultaram em quatro tratamentos, com cinco repetições de oito aves na fase de recria 1. Ao completarem 14 semanas, as aves foram transferidas para gaiolas de arame galvanizado, redistribuídas em seis repetições de seis aves. Utilizaram-se 144 aves e descartaram-se, aleatoriamente, quatro aves por tratamento, constituindo a fase de recria 2. A adição de FT diminuiu linearmente o peso vivo final e o ganho de peso, resultando em reduções de 1,15 e 0,03 g, respectivamente, para cada 1% de inclusão de FT na ração. O consumo de água aumentou de forma quadrática e cresceu, em valores absolutos, com o aumento de 0 a 30% de farelo de trigo. A cada aumento de 1% de FT na ração, a idade das aves ao primeiro ovo elevou aproximadamente 0,6 dia e o peso do ovo em 0,22 g. A inclusão de farelo de trigo na ração reduz a taxa de crescimento de frangas, atrasa o início da postura, mas melhora o peso inicial dos ovos em relação a dietas à base de milho e de farelo de soja.
Desempenho, eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes e estrutura do trato digestório de pintos de corte alimentados na fase pré-inicial com rações de diferentes formas físicas
Authors: Freitas Ednardo Rodrigues , Sakomura Nilva Kazue , Dahlke Fabiano , Santos Fabiana Ramos , Barbosa Nei André Arruda
Published: January 2008

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho, a utilização dos nutrientes das rações e o desenvolvimento do trato disgestório de pintos de corte na primeira semana de vida. Foram utilizados 150 pintos machos Cobb distribuídos ao acaso em três tratamentos com cinco repetições de dez aves. Os tratamentos consistiram das formas físicas farelada, triturada e peletizada de uma ração pré-inicial comercial. Com exceção da moela, os órgãos do trato digestório e a estrutura morfométrica do intestino não foram influenciados pela forma física da ração. Maior digestibilidade do N foi obtida com a ração peletizada, enquanto a ração triturada possibilitou maior digestibilidade do EE. A energia metabolizável determinada para a ração farelada foi menor que a obtida nas demais formas físicas da ração. As aves alimentadas com ração farelada tiveram menor consumo de ração e ganho de peso e pior conversão alimentar. Ingeriram ainda menos energia, apresentaram menores retenções de proteína, gordura e energia corporal e utilizaram maior proporção da energia ingerida para produção de calor. As rações pré-iniciais na forma peletizada ou triturada possibilitam maior aproveitamento dos nutrientes da ração pelos pintos e melhor desempenho.
Consumo de nutrientes e desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento alimentados com dietas com polpa cítrica úmida prensada em substituição à silagem de milho
Authors: Pereira Mykel Stefanni , Ribeiro Edson Luis de Azambuja , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika , Rocha Marco Antonio da , Kuraoka Juliana Tiemi , Nakaghi Eduardo Yukio Okada
Published: January 2008

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da substituição da silagem de milho pela polpa cítrica úmida prensada (PCUP) no desempenho de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês. Vinte e quatro cordeiros com 90 dias de idade e 18,44 kg PV inicial médio foram confinados durante 67 dias e alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de PCUP em substituição à silagem de milho (0, 25, 50 e 75% MS). Não houve diferença para ingestão de MS (IMS). Os valores médios de IMS em g, %PV e g/kgPV0,75 foram respectivamente, 1.180, 4,74 e 126. Houve redução linear na ingestão de FDN, em %PV e em g/kgPV0,75, com o aumento dos níveis de substituição. A ingestão de PB não foi afetada pela dieta. Verificou-se aumento linear para a ingestão de EE, em %PV e em g/kgPV0,75, e para a FDA, em %PV. A ingestão de carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) apresentou comportamento quadrático, em %PV e em g/kgPV0,75, e linear em g/animal.dia, à medida que houve a substituição da silagem de milho pela PCUP. A substituição da silagem de milho pela PCUP não afetou a conversão alimentar (4,33 kg MS/ kg de ganho), no entanto, o ganho de peso médio apresentou comportamento quadrático em função do nível de substituição; o nível de substituição de 48% promoveu o maior ganho médio diário. Os resultados sugerem que a PCUP pode substituir a silagem de milho em dietas para cordeiros em confinamento.
Conhecimento científico, seu ensino e aprendizagem: atualidade do construtivismo
Authors: Queiroz Gloria Regina Pessôa Campello , Barbosa-Lima Maria da Conceição Almeida
Published: January 2008

O presente artigo parte de uma ilustração acerca da etimologia da palavra construtivismo - semear coletivamente para, em seguida, reunir sementes a serem disponibilizadas aos alunos durante os cursos formação de professores de Física. Entre elas estão argumentos a favor de uma versão sustentável para o Construtivismo, reconhecendo críticas, de origem epistemológica, psicológica ou mesmo pedagógica, a aspectos particulares de versões que têm circulado entre pesquisadores da área de pesquisa em educação em ciências nos últimos anos. Com o compromisso de não nos limitarmos às críticas e diante da complexidade dos sistemas educacionais nos quais o debate sobre o Construtivismo é travado, sua versão pedagógica proposta neste trabalho integra uma visão de realidade mais próxima à aceitável pela comunidade de pesquisadores e professores de Física e ao valioso trabalho de criação de conhecimento científico na escola, que a comunidade de pesquisadores em ensino de Física vem realizando há mais de duas décadas no Brasil.
Mapa conceitual: ensaiando critérios de análise
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno Lidia , Sonzogno Maria Cecília , Batista Sylvia Helena da Silva , Batista Nildo Alves
Published: January 2008

Os Mapas Conceituais constituem importante instrumento para acompanhar a aprendizagem, demandando compreender os processos de construção. Este trabalho se propõe a apresentar e discutir critérios de análise de mapas conceituais elaborados por pós-graduandos do Mestrado "Ensino em Ciências da Saúde". Os critérios de análise foram: quantidade e qualidade de conceitos, níveis de hierarquia, número de inter-relações, palavras de enlace e proposições com significado lógico, estrutura do mapa, representatividade dos conteúdos e criatividade. Identificaram-se estruturas hierárquicas de significativa riqueza conceitual e representatividade dos temas trabalhados. Acredita-se que o processo de construção levou aos alunos a estabelecerem relações entre os novos conteúdos e seus conhecimentos prévios, criando maiores possibilidades de integração. A análise empreendida mostrou-se valiosa como uma ferramenta de trabalho para o professor da área da saúde, para desenvolver práticas avaliativas comprometidas em apreender os processos de aprendizagem dos alunos.
Verificação da interferência das disfunções temporomandibulares na articulação da fala: queixas e caracterização dos movimentos mandibulares
Authors: Taucci Raquel Aparecida , Bianchini Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVOS: Verificar e analisar os movimentos mandibulares durante a fala em indivíduos com disfunções temporomandibulares e em assintomáticos, por meio de avaliação clínica, buscando constatar a interferência dessas disfunções, correlacionando os achados à presença de queixas de fala relatadas. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os dados de 50 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, entre 21 e 50 anos, divididos em dois grupos: G1 com 25 indivíduos com disfunções temporomandibulares e G2 com 25 indivíduos assintomáticos. Foram excluídos desta pesquisa indivíduos que apresentaram: deformidades dentofaciais, falhas dentárias anteriores e posteriores, mordida cruzada, mordida aberta ou utilizando próteses dentárias. RESULTADOS: Quanto às queixas de fala, foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos, para as questões relacionadas à presença de ruídos na articulação e cansaço após longos períodos de fala; limitação do movimento mandibular na presença de dor, desvios na trajetória da mandíbula, deslocamentos ou travamento mandibular e rouquidão, com maior ocorrência em G1. Em relação às características dos movimentos mandibulares, foi verificado que em G1 há maior ocorrência de indivíduos com redução da amplitude vertical, desvios da trajetória da mandíbula e menor ocorrência de sujeitos com movimentos protrusivos durante a fala, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÕES: As disfunções temporomandibulares parecem interferir na fala, uma vez que se constatou redução da amplitude vertical e desvios em lateralidade do percurso mandibular para esse grupo de indivíduos quando comparado ao grupo de assintomáticos. Observa-se que as queixas de fala parecem associar-se à presença de disfunções temporomandibulares e às características dos movimentos observados.
Teste de padrão harmônico em escuta dicótica com dígitos - TDDH
Authors: Ríos Alejandro Arroyo , Rezende Alessandra Giannico de , Pela Sandra Maria , Ortiz Karin Zazo , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivos a elaboração de um teste de processamento auditivo com estímulos de fala cantada em tarefa dicótica, a caracterização do desempenho de ouvintes neste teste; e a comparação deste desempenho com o observado no Teste Dicótico de Dígitos. MÉTODOS: Elaborou-se o teste com estímulos de fala cantada que foi denominado de Teste de Padrão Harmônico em Escuta Dicótica com Dígitos, composto de uma etapa de integração biaural e duas de separação biaural (direita/esquerda), cada uma delas com 20 itens de quatro estímulos. Este foi aplicado em 40 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, falantes do português brasileiro e com idades entre 19 e 52 anos. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos na aplicação do teste dicótico com estímulos de fala convencional nestes mesmos indivíduos. Os indivíduos apresentaram desempenho de aproximadamente 99% de acertos durante a aplicação do teste com estímulos de fala cantada em todas as etapas, sendo este desempenho superior ao observado no teste convencional com estímulos de fala, nas etapas de separação biaural. CONCLUSÃO: Desta forma, acredita-se que o teste elaborado no presente estudo mostrou-se aplicável em indivíduos ouvintes, sendo que o uso de estímulos de fala cantada pode modificar o desempenho nas tarefas de escuta dicótica em separação biaural, quando comparado com testes convencionais com estímulos verbais.
A efetividade do treinamento auditivo formal em idosos usuários de próteses auditivas no período de aclimatização
Authors: Miranda Elisiane de Crestani , Andrade Adriana Neves de , Gil Daniela , Iório Maria Cecília Martinelli
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Verificar a efetividade de um programa de treinamento auditivo formal em idosos usuários de próteses auditivas intraaurais no período de aclimatização. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 18 idosos (idade média: 71, 38 anos), de ambos os sexos, adaptados há uma semana com próteses auditivas intra-aurais binaurais. Os participantes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo Experimental (submetidos ao treinamento auditivo) e Grupo Controle (não submetidos ao treinamento auditivo). O Grupo Experimental participou de sete sessões de treinamento auditivo em cabina acústica, uma sessão por semana, com duração de 50 minutos cada. Os procedimentos de avaliação incluíram testes de reconhecimento de fala e questionário de auto-avaliação do handicap auditivo. Estes foram aplicados em duas oportunidades, antes (1ª avaliação) e depois (2ª avaliação) do treinamento auditivo no Grupo Experimental e na avaliação inicial e final do estudo no Grupo Controle. RESULTADOS: No Grupo Experimental, o Índice de Reconhecimento de Fala e Fala com Ruído Branco foram significantemente melhores após o treinamento auditivo (2ª avaliação). Já o estudo das relações sinal/ruído no teste de reconhecimento de sentenças no ruído revelou uma tendência (p-valor próximo a 0,05) de melhora na avaliação pós-treinamento. Observou-se nos idosos do Grupo Experimental que os resultados obtidos na 2ª avaliação não foram significantemente melhores aos obtidos no Grupo Controle em todos os testes. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que um programa de reabilitação aural, incluindo treinamento auditivo formal beneficia os idosos no período de adaptação das próteses auditivas, bem como modifica o comportamento auditivo destes indivíduos.
Derivação arterial extra-anatômica no segmento aorto-ilíaco: experiência de 15 anos
Authors: Frankini Airton Delduque , Lichtenfels Eduardo , Frankini Angelo , Frankini Tiago
Published: January 2008

RESUMO CONTEXTO: As derivações extra-anatômicas, sendo procedimentos cirúrgicos alternativos à cirurgia clássica, têm como principal objetivo simplificar um procedimento de grande porte como a restauração aorto-femoral. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os resultados a longo prazo das derivações extra-anatômicas no segmento aorto-ilíaco. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo envolvendo 79 derivações extra-anatômicas no segmento aorto-ilíaco, realizadas em 75 pacientes, no período de dezembro de 1991 a dezembro de 2006. RESULTADOS: Média de idade foi 64,2 anos, com predominância pelo gênero masculino (64%). A isquemia crítica foi a responsável pela maioria das indicações cirúrgicas (86,1%) e a derivação ilíaco-femoral cruzada representou 41,8% dos casos. Em cinco anos, as taxas de mortalidade geral, perviedade e salvamento do membro foram, respectivamente, de 28%; 70,3% e 67,6% em cinco anos. CONCLUSÕES: As derivações extra-anatômicas devem permanecer como cirurgias alternativas, pois apresentam taxas de perviedade inferiores aos procedimentos que seguem as vias anatômicas naturais além de morbimortalidade considerável. Entretanto, são procedimentos importantes nos casos em que a limitação de ordem clínica ou de natureza local torna difícil ou impede a revascularização por via anatômica. As derivações cruzadas apresentaram perviedade superior às derivações axilo-femorais e as ilíaco-femorais cruzadas revelaram a maior perviedade entre todas (77,3% em cinco anos).
Exercícios resistidos terapêuticos para indivíduos com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica: evidências para a prescrição
Authors: Câmara Lucas Caseri , Santarém José Maria , Wolosker Nelson , Dias Raphael Mendes Ritti
Published: January 2008

A prática regular de exercícios é parte do tratamento clínico inicial para pacientes com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica. Nesse sentido, a utilização de exercícios contra resistência (exercícios resistidos) tem sido amplamente recomendada para diferentes populações, especialmente para pessoas idosas com e sem doenças associadas. Os poucos trabalhos encontrados utilizando essa forma de exercícios em pacientes com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica documentam a sua eficiência terapêutica. No entanto, os efeitos documentados dos exercícios resistidos em outras populações têm evidenciado melhoria da aptidão física e da qualidade de vida, com segurança cardiovascular e músculo-esquelética. Essas informações fornecem indicativos sobre os possíveis benefícios dos exercícios resistidos na terapia de indivíduos com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica. Nesse sentido, esta revisão objetivou apresentar informações científicas que permitam auxiliar a prescrição dos exercícios resistidos para essa população.
Effect of effective overburden pressure on geomembrane/soil interface transmissivity
Authors: Chai J.-C. , Hayashi S. , Khalili N.
Published: January 2008

Fluid flow through a defect in the geomembrane of a composite geomembrane/soil liner (flow rate tests) and interface transmissivity tests between a geomembrane and a soil layer were conducted. The results are compared, and the effect of overburden pressure p′ on the geomembrane/soil interface transmissivity θ and interface thickness tin is investigated. For flow rate tests, the values of θ are back-calculated using the Rowe and Touze-Foltz et al. solutions. With known values of θ, tin is calculated using Newton's viscosity law for fluid flow between two parallel plates. For the conditions considered, it is shown that θ and tin reduce significantly with increasing p′. Comparisons are made between the calculated values of θ and tin and those reported in the literature. It is shown that ignoring the effect of p′ on θ and tin can lead to gross overestimation of these parameters.
Uncertainty in Simulation of Nitrate Leaching at Field and Catchment Scale within the Odense River Basin
Authors: van der Keur P. , Hansen J. R. , Hansen S. , Refsgaard J. C.
Published: January 2008

There is a clear need to conduct uncertainty analyses with respect to nitrate leaching at a range of spatial scales, from the field to the catchment scale, dependent on the spatial scale for which an assessment is relevant. At the scale of the Odense catchment in Denmark, an uncertainty assessment most likely leads to an unacceptably high number of simulations as a result of the large number of combinations of distributed data available. In this study we present a framework for an uncertainty assessment for model parameters for the unsaturated component in a linked rootzone and groundwater model and exemplified for the Odense River catchment. The proposed framework consists of (i) a simplification of the model, (ii) identification of uncertain parameters, (iii) generation of model parameter sets by means of Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), (iv) rootzone model simulation of realizations under (iii), (v) uncertainty analysis based on the standardized rank regression coefficient index, (vi) ranking of simulated nitrate leaching, and (vii) simulation of selected parameter sets sampled from the output distribution under (vi). The results show a high sensitivity of the van Genuchten soil water release characteristics parameters for percolation and leaching. The amount of applied slurry has a relatively high sensitivity for leached nitrate from the rootzone. The ranking nitrate leaching derived from the LHS simulations for a 25‐yr period is preserved for longer 55‐yr simulations. This implies that the proposed framework is applicable to the Odense catchment and likely has general applicability. In this way, uncertainty assessments are feasible at the catchment scale.
Correcting Dual‐Probe Heat‐Pulse Readings for Changes in Ambient Temperature
Authors: Young M. H. , Campbell G. S. , Yin J.
Published: January 2008

We examined three methods of analyzing dual‐probe heat‐pulse (DPHP) data for estimating volumetric water content of near‐surface materials where diurnal temperature variations can approach ± 20°C. The three methods of analyzing thermal responses include: (i) the single‐point method (SPM); (ii) a method that uses a Levenburg–Marquardt optimization of thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and drift in ambient temperature with subsequent calculation of water content (LM‐Uncorrected); and (iii) an expansion of the LM‐Uncorrected method that incorporates temperature dependencies of soil thermal conductivity and optimizes on volumetric water content, apparent needle spacing, and drift in ambient temperature during the measurement (LM‐Corrected). Ambient temperature measurements were made with either a soil thermistor installed away from the DPHP sensor (SPM) or from the temperature response of the DPHP sensor itself (LM‐Uncorrected and LM‐Corrected). Methods were tested based on measurements made in April and August 2006 from sensors installed at ground surface in the Mojave Desert. The SPM results showed that large (summertime) diurnal temperature variations led to significant oscillations of water content, recorded as high as ± 0.10 m3 m−3 The LM‐Uncorrected method showed a significant reduction in water content oscillations, but variations were still large. The LM‐Corrected method showed that the time series of water content was significantly smoother than uncorrected water contents (i.e., ± 0.005 m3 m−3 in August). The DPHP‐derived water contents compared favorably to data from water content reflectometers installed nearby. The results show that soil water content estimates from the LM‐Corrected method were substantially less affected by large ambient temperature variations.
Serbian agriculture: Programmes of credit support by the state and commercial banks between 2004-2007
Authors: Parausic Vesna , Cvijanovic Drago
Published: January 2008

Serbian agricultural production accounts for a significant percentage of the share in GDP, and almost 1/3 of the Serbian population live on farms. There is a positive balance in food trade, and nearly 17 per cent of total Serbian export belong to agriculture. However, financial support to agricultural production is insufficient and incommensurate to the role and importance of agriculture in domestic economy in comparison with the practice in advanced economies and those in the region. If high interest rates, along with current credit conditions, remain, agriculture will not be able to advance and compete in foreign markets, however highly competitive its export potential may be.
A new View on the structural pattern of the Metohiya basin and its margin: A preliminary note
Authors: Simic Milosav , Antonovic Antonije
Published: January 2008

The region of the Metohiyan depression and its complex geological margin is a morphotectonic entity formed over the complicated structures of the basement. The first glance of the orographic-geological map or satellite image shows the hexagonal shape of the depression, in clear contrast to the linear structure of the Vardar Zone. Sedimentation of Neogene deposits began in a trough, the "main shape of which was finished" and the depression itself had been formed and modified over a long period of time. This is indicated by the slight deformations of the Miocene deposits, somewhat stronger along the rim of the basin, and the relatively great thickness of the Neogene in general, uniformity in lithological composition and other characters of deposits. This region in the south of Serbia was much explored during the last (20th) century, in the latter half in particular, when abundant and interesting information was collected on the geology, structural pattern and mineral resources. Some of the newly collected information has been published and threw new light on the geology of the Metohiyan depression and its margin. Other data, also important, have remained unpublished in numerous documentation funds. Gaps in the geological knowledge of the Metohiyan depression and its margin, viewed through reference data, account for the missing links of many facts and fragmentation. Also, for some reason, a more comprehensive and reliable idea of the geological relationships or evolution is difficult to conceive. This work will present the idea of the Metohiya Basin as a ring structure like one resulting from a meteorite impact. In view of its form (morphology) and some indirect indications, there are few conclusive indications that it is an impact structure of about 50 km in diameter. Why? "Sometimes one should know what to look for to be able to see it". From this standpoint, so far actual facts of a certainly strong impact have neither been viewed nor their evidence searched for from any aspect (atomic-molecular, mineralogical, crystallographic, petrochemical, geoelectrical, structural, etc.). Structures in the marginal parts of the Metohiya Basin, which have different strike directions (NW-SE, NE-SW, ENE-WSW, E-W, N-S), may be well interpreted should it be accepted that they border an impact ring structure.
Neomeris mokragorensis sp. Nov. (Calcareous alga, Dasycladales) from the cretaceous of Serbia, Montenegro and the Northern calcareous Alps, (Gosau group, Austria)
Authors: Radoicic Rajka , Schlagintweit Felix
Published: January 2008

The new species of the genus Neomeris - Neomeris mokragorensis sp. nov. described in this paper from western Serbia originates: from the Albian of Mokra Gora (the succession transgrading on the serpentinite) and from the Turonian of the Skrapez-Kosjeric area (the succession transgrading on the Carboniferous). The presence of this species has been noted in the Turonian of the Kukes and in the Santonian of the Metohija Cretaceous Unit (Mirdita Zone). In the surrounding of Podgorica (Dinaric Carbonate Platform, Montenegro), the same species previously was presented as Neomeris cf cretacea STEINMANN. Well preserved Neomeris specimens from the Turonian to the Santonian strata of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Gosau Group, Austria) previously described as Neomeris circularis BADVE & NAYAK, is assigned to Neomeris mokragorensis sp. nov. Neomeris mokragorensis is characterized by a thin loosed skeleton formed only around ampullae, by which, besides the form of the ampullae, this species is clearly distinct from Neomeris cretacea (Steinmann).
Cassiopid gastropods from the cretaceous of Western Serbia
Authors: Banjac Nenad , Bandel Klaus , Kiel Steffen
Published: January 2008

Three species of Cassiopidae (Cerithioidea, Gastropoda) are described from outcrops in the vicinity of the villages Rastiste and Mokra Gora in western Serbia. They occur in marly limestones of near shore shallow water deposits. Earlier micropaleontological investigations have indicated an Albian-Cenomanian age. The species encountered are related to those present in deposits of the European margin of the Tethys and closest relationships exist to those of the Armenian and Transcaucasian region. Our species can be placed in the genera Cassiope, Paraglauconia and Bicarinella. A new species Cassiope kotromanensis is erected. Assumptions about post-mortem shell transport and size sorting of gastropod shells were examined through statistical analysis.
Pollen analyses of Pleistocene hyaena coprolites from Montenegro and Serbia
Authors: Argant Jacqueline , Dimitrijevic Vesna
Published: January 2008

The results of pollen analyses of hyaena coprolites from the Early Pleistocene cave of Trlica in northern Montenegro and the Late Pleistocene cave of Baranica in southeast Serbia are described. The Early Pleistocene Pachycrocuta brevirostris, and the Late Pleistocene Crocuta spelaea are coprolite-producing species. Although the pollen concentration was rather low, the presented analyses add considerably to the much-needed knowledge of the vegetation of the central Balkans during the Pleistocene. Pollen extracted from a coprolite from the Baranica cave indicates an open landscape with the presence of steppe taxa, which is in accordance with the recorded conditions and faunal remains. Pollen analysis of the Early Pleistocene samples from Trlica indicate fresh and temperate humid climatic conditions, as well as the co-existence of several biotopes which formed a mosaic landscape in the vicinity of the cave.
Phase relations near ternary eutectic point in the Ag-In-Sb system
Authors: Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik D. , Zivkovic Dragana , Gierlotka W. , Manasijevic D. , Fitzner K. , Minic D.
Published: January 2008

The results of the phase relations near ternary eutectic point in the Ag-In-Sb system are investigated in this paper. Phase equilibrium calculation was done using Thermocalc software and experimental DTA results for the chosen alloys in the isopleths with molar ration of In:Sb = 7:3; 9:1 and 1:1. The structural characteristics of these alloys have been investigated using light optic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while hardness measurements have also been done. Solidification path for three ternary alloys located on three different investigated isopleths was calculated using Pandat software.
Investigation of mechanicaland structural characteristics of some alloys in Ag-rich corner of Ag-Cu-Sn system
Authors: Marjanovic S. , Guskovic D. , Trucic M. , Marjanovic B.
Published: January 2008

Results of investigation of mechanical and structural characteristics of some Ag-rich alloys in Ag- Cu-Sn system are presented in this paper. Starting samples were four small billets with different contents of constituting elements - Ag90Cu5Sn5, Ag85Cu5Sn10, Ag85Cu10Sn5, Ag80Cu10Sn10 (at%), prepared from p.a. metals Sn, Ag, Cu by melting in electro-inductive furnace under air atmosphere and additional reductant and cast into bars of square shape, dimensions 1x1x10cm. Mechanical characteristics, such as hardness and microhardness, electroconductivity and microstructure, were observed before and after a series of passes through a grooved roll stand (cold rolling).
A study of substituent effects on the NH bond in alkyl and aryl 4,6-disubstituted-3-cyano-2-pyridones
Authors: Misic-Vukovic Milica , Jovanovic Slobodanka , Mijin Dusan , Csanadi Janos , Djokovic Dejan
Published: January 2008

Substituent effects on the IR stretching frequencies and 1H-NMR chemical shifts of the pyridone NH group in 4- and 6-disubstituted alkyl and aryl 3-cyano- 2-pyridones were investigated. The bands most sensitive to substituent effects from the broad and multiple IR NH band for each compound were selected by a computer calculation. The selected values of the IR frequencies and the determined 1H-NMR chemical shifts were subjected to LFER analysis, by correlations with the Hamett ?m/p and Swain-Lupton F and R substituent constants.
A kinetic study of the thermal degradation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide inside the mesoporous SBA-3 molecular sieve
Authors: Stojakovic Djordje , Rajic Nevenka , Mrak Maja , Kaucic Venceslav
Published: January 2008

The thermal degradation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) inside the mesoporous SBA-3 was studied under non-isothermal conditions. There are two distinct and complex kinetic processes which partly overlap, each consisting of one dominant and three minor individual processes. The two dominant processes can be described by the Sestak-Berggren model. The main decomposition step (the first dominant process) involves the overcoming of weak interactions between CTMAB and the silica network and proceeds with a lower Ea value (116?2 kJ mol-1) than the second dominant process (153?5 kJ mol-1), which can be explained by the size reduction of the pore openings due to the contraction of the SBA-3 unit cell caused by the removal of CTMAB.
Total π-electron energy and Laplacian energy: How far the analogy goes?
Authors: Radenkovic Slavko , Gutman Ivan
Published: January 2008

The Laplacian energy LE is a newly introduced molecular-graph-based analog of the total ?-electron energy E. It is shown that LE and E have a similar structure-dependency only when molecules of different sizes are compared, when a good linear correlation between them exists. Within classes of isomers, LE and E are either not correlated at all or (as in the case of acyclic systems) are inversely proportional. The acyclic graphs and molecular graphs having the greatest and smallest LE values (determined in this work) differ significantly from those (previously known) having the greatest and smallest E values.
A consideration of the correct calculation of thermodynamic parameters of adsorption
Authors: Milonjic Slobodan
Published: January 2008

The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations have been widely used for interpreting various adsorption processes. There are, however, many serious mistakes in the literature in determination or calculation of thermodynamic parameters, especially in the determination of the change in the free energy of adsorption using Langmuir, Freundlich and Henry constants. Many authors used these constants for the determination of ?G expressed instead of dimensionless in some concentration units (for example: l mol-1, l g-1, ml mg-1, etc.).
Preparation and modification of itaconic anhydride-methyl methacrylate copolymers
Authors: Milovanovic Milos , Trifunovic Snezana , Katsikas Lynne , Popovic Ivanka
Published: January 2008

The free radical copolymerisation of itaconic anhydride and methyl methacrylate in solution was studied at 60 ?C. The copolymer composition was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the obtained monomer reactivity ratios were calculated, rITA = 1.35?0.11; rMMA = 0.22?0.22 (by the Fineman-Ross method) and rITA = 1.27?0.38; rMMA = 0.10?0.05 (by the Mayo-Lewis method). The synthesised copolymers were modified by reaction with di-n-butyl amine. The copolymer composition after amidation was determined by elemental analysis via the nitrogen content. Amidation of the anhydride units in the copolymers with di-n-butyl amine resulted in complete conversion to itaconamic acid.
The influence of antioxidant and post-synthetic treatment on the properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)s modified with poly(propylene oxide)
Authors: Pepic Dragana , Radoicic Marija , Nikolic Marija , Djonlagic Jasna
Published: January 2008

Novel poly(ester-ether)s based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as the hard segments and 30 mass % of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) as the soft segments were synthesized with varying amount of the antioxidant (N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, DPPD). The influences of the addition of DPPD and the impact of post-synthetic treatment by precipitation on the molecular structure, thermal and physical properties, as well as on the storage stability of the biodegradable aliphatic copolyesters, were investigated. The structure and composition of the copolymers were determined by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight and polydispersity of the poly(ester-ether)s were evaluated from solution viscosity and GPC measurements. The thermal properties and stability were evaluated, respecttively, by means of DSC and non-isothermal thermogravimetry in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The biodegradability potential of the polymers was studied in hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation tests with Candida cylindracea lipase by monitoring the weight loss of polymer films after incubation. The weight losses of the samples increased with time and were in the range from 1 to 5 mass % after 4 weeks. GPC analysis confirmed that there were changes in the molecular weight of the copolyesters during both hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation tests, leading to the conclusion that the degradation mechanism of poly(butylene succinate)s modified with PPO occurred through surface erosion and bulk degradation.
Local elliptical galaxies: Some aspects of theory vs. observations
Authors: Samurovic S.
Published: January 2008

In this paper we analyze on, the sample of the local elliptical galaxies, some predictions of various cosmological theories. We start with the sample of ellipticals described in Samurovic (2007b) and confront the established concentration parameters and mass-to-light ratios of these objects with various cosmological models, i.e. models given by Navarro, Frank and White (NFW) (1996, 1997) and Burkert (1995), respectively. We find that the bright galaxy (NGC 5846), for which the sum ? + ? is high, can be reasonably modelled by the NFW models. The Burkert model provides rather good predictions of the dark matter content at one effective radius. There is an indication that bright ellipticals (MB >? -21.0) are more dark matter dominated that the fainter ones (MB >? -21.0).
On the density within the dark-matter core in our galaxy
Authors: Ninkovic S.
Published: January 2008

Assuming that the disc of our Galaxy, the Milky Way, obeys the classical exponential law, that it is maximal and the Sun is rather far from the maximum of its circular velocity, one finds that, most likely, the galactic corona (subsystem containing the dark matter) has a nearly constant density within its core which contains the position of the Sun. The approach applied in the present paper is local, i.e. quantities characterizing the solar neighbourhood are treated. The assumptions and the result could explain why the ratio of the moduli of the Oort constants is expected to exceed the value of 1.0 which corresponds to the locally flat rotation curve of the Milky Way.
Semiclassical calculations of the quadruple excited four-electron systems
Authors: Simonovic N. , Predojevic M. , Pankovic V. , Grujic P.
Published: January 2008

Highly excited atoms acquire very large dimensions and can be present only in a very rarified gas medium, such as the interstellar space. Multiply excited beryllium-like systems, when excited to large principal quantum numbers, have a radius of r ? 10 ?. We examine the semiclassical spectrum of quadruple highly excited four-electron atomic systems for the plane model of equivalent electrons. The energy of the system consists of rotational and vibrational modes within the almost circular orbit approximation, as used in a previous calculation for the triply excited three-electron systems. Here we present numerical results for the beryllium atom. The lifetimes of the semiclassical states are estimated via the corresponding Lyapunov exponents. The vibrational modes relative contribution to the energy levels rises with the degree of the Coulombic excitation. The relevance of the results is discussed both from the observational and heuristic point of view.
Correlation between five parameters for the assessment of sagittal skeletal intermaxillary relationship
Authors: Boskovic-Brkanovic Tamara , Nikolic Zorana
Published: January 2008

Introduction: Sagittal relationship between the upper and lower jaw represent the basic characteristic of human profile. It is one of the most important criteria assessed during the diagnosis of orthodontic anomalies. For this purpose, numerous parameters have been proposed, but ANB angle, Wits assessment, Down?s angle of facial skeletal convexity-NAPg and Schwartz?s indicators of sagittal intermaxillary relationship, i.e. AB/SpP and MM angles are the most commonly used in clinical practice. However, there is a suggestion by other authors, in more complex cases, several parameters instead of one should be used for a more precise diagnosis of skeletal class. Aim: The aim of this paper was to examine the correlation between ANB angle, Wits assessment, NAPg angle, AB/SpP angle and MM angle. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on profile cephalograms of 137 children, age 7-12, the patients of Dept. of Orthodontics in the Health Center Kotor. The aforementioned sagittal skeletal parameters were determined on tele-X-rays. The study comprised all three classes of malocclusion. Results: The analysis of obtained results revealed a statistically significant and high correlation between ANB angle Wits values and NAPg angle. Moreover, the correlation between ANB and NAPg angles was statistically most prominent (r=0.776). On the other hand, no statistically significant correlation was found between Schwartz parameters (AB/SpP angle and MM angle) and the previously mentioned ones. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that ANB angle, Wits values and NAPg angle can be used one instead of another for the assessment of sagittal skeletal intermaxillary relationship, whilst Schwartz parameters should be used in combination with other indicators of this relationship for a more realistic diagnosis.
Inlay retainers as bridge abutments in the posterior segment: Case report
Authors: Jevremovic Danimir , Dodic Slobodan
Published: January 2008

Inlay retained adhesive restorations are an interesting alternative to conventional methods when a single tooth is missing. The aim of this paper was to present possibilities for the application of inlay retained adhesive prosthodontic restorations based on composite systems. The clinical procedure is minimally invasive and simple to conduct. The introduction of fiber-reinforced composites as well as the improvement of adhesive cementing techniques makes these restorations a long-term solution with good esthetic and functional results. This case report offers an insight into the clinical procedure during the preparation of inlay retained adhesive restorations.
Analysis of isothermal sintering of zinc-titanate doped with MgO
Authors: Obradovic N. , Stevanovic S. , Mitric M. , Nikolic M.V. , Ristic M.M.
Published: January 2008

The aim of this work was analysis of isothermal sintering of zinc titanate ceramics doped with MgO obtained by mechanical activation. Mixtures of ZnO, TiO2 and MgO (0, 1.25 and 2.5%) were mechanically activated 15 minutes in a planetary ball mill. The powders obtained were pressed under different pressures and the results were fitted with a phenomenological compacting equation. Isothermal sintering was performed in air for 120 minutes at four different temperatures. Structural characterization of ZnO-TiO2-MgO system after milling was performed at room temperature using XRPD measurements. DTA measurements showed different activation energies for pure and doped ZnO-TiO2 systems. Thus addition of MgO stabilizes the crystal structure of zinc titanate.
Microstructural development and evolution of liquid phase sintered Cr-Cu composites
Authors: Khomenko E. , Ragulya A. , Lesnik N. , Minakova R.
Published: January 2008

Features of the microstructure formation of Cr-Cu composites under impregnation followed by liquid phase sintering of reduced and electrolytic chromium powders at 1200?C in a vacuum of (2-4)?10-3Pa have been studied. The refractory component particle size distribution in the microstructure of samples with reduced chromium sintered for 60 min is shown to obey a normal logarithmic law; with distribution parameters being sensitive to the volume fraction of the refractory particles. The calculated values of the dihedral angle are close to the value of one of the modes in the experimental dihedral angle distribution for the microstructure of electrolytic chromium based samples (115?). The interfacial and interparticle surface energies ratio ?sl/?ss>0.5 is shown to correspond to theory for the Crs-Cul system in equilibrium, which indicates the presence of skeleton structure elements in the course of composition formation under liquid phase sintering (including the case of excess liquid phase). Experimentally determined interparticle and interfacial surface areas, solid particle contiguity and continuity are discussed in terms of concurrent diffusion-controlled particle coarsening (in Lifshitz, Slyozov and Wagner theory) and particle coalescence (in German?s model). The kinetics of shrinkage for the composites with 50...55 % solid-phase volume-fractions at heating and isothermal sintering in a vacuum at a temperature of 1200?C in terms of linearly viscous rheological theory are discussed.
Investigation of sintering kinetics of ZnO by observing reduction of the specific surface area
Authors: Stevanovic S. , Zeljkovic V. , Obradovic N. , Labus N.
Published: January 2008

Reduction of the specific surface area of porous ZnO during the sintering process was studied. ZnO powder was sintered at temperatures from 673 K to 1173 K. The decrease in the specific surface area was observed as a function of temperature and sintering time. Two different models were involved in order to define the appropriate parameters. The Arrhenius equation was used to give information on the activation energy of sintering. The LSE method was applied for determining optimum parameter values.
Phase composition and crystallinity degree of nanostructured products of anode oxidation of manganese(II) ions doped by ions of lithium and cobalt(II)
Authors: Sokolsky G. , Ivanova N. , Ivanov S. , Tomila T. , Boldyrev Ye.
Published: January 2008

The influence of dopant ions on the phase composition and structure ordering of electrodeposited nanoxides of manganese was investigated. Additives of dopant ions of Li and Co(II) and fluorine-containing electrolytes have been applied for preparation of samples by anode electrodeposition. The samples have been studied by methods of chemical analysis, XRD, TEM, Fourier spectroscopy etc. TEM observation showed that the presence of dopant ions of lithium and cobalt in electrolyte decreased crystallinity of samples, influenced the length and perfection of nanorods, and made structure more defective. The diametres of the nanorods ranged from 10 to 20 nm.
Kinetics of CxNy formation on electrode surface through electrochemical method
Authors: Chekhovskii A. , Tomila T. , Ragulya A. , Timofeeva I. , Ivanchuk A. , Bykov D. , Labunets T.
Published: January 2008

Powded CxNy coatings were deposited from acetonitrile on Ni, Si, and C surfaces at a voltage of 500-2000 V by the electrochemical method. Electrolysis products were analyzed by IR spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy. According to FTIR data, at frequencies 1370 and 1530 cm-1, absorption bands characteristic for stretching C-N and C=N oscillations are observed. The obtained results indicate that the deposition process occurs in different manner in each specific case, i.e., the kinetics of the electrode depends on the electrode material (Ni, Si, and C).
Parametric study of the heat transfer coefficient in bi-dimensional smoldering simulation
Authors: Ghabi Chekib , Benticha Hmaied , Sassi Mohammed
Published: January 2008

In this paper, we present the transient modeling results of 2-D forward smoldering in a cylindrical configuration filled with a foam porous material. The objective of the study is to explain the effect of the heat losses from lateral boundaries in the front smolder propagation. The developed numerical code is capable of predicting the fire initiation and the smoldering (slow-burning) characteristics of foam insulation materials. The finite volume discretization and the bi-conjugate gradient stabilized method are used to solve the system governing equations. The chemical kinetics model is based on a first order pyrolysis reaction, followed by oxidation of the porous fuel and the carbonaceous char residual. This second oxidation reaction might promote the transition from smoldering to flaming and thus fire initiation. The gas and solid temperature, and the oxygen and the char mass fraction two-dimensional temporal evolutions are computed. Different heat and mass transfer coefficients are used to simulate the heat losses to the surrounding. Non-reacted foam regions are observed near the side wall, confirming experimental observations. The base case is chosen to represent the experimental conditions reported in the literature. The numerical predictions show very good agreement with the published experimental and 1-D numerical results.
Attitudes of the citizens of Serbia towards the goals of family upbringing
Authors: Joksimovic Snezana , Maksic Slavica , Pavlovic Zoran
Published: January 2008

The subject of discussion are the attitudes of citizens towards the qualities that children should be encouraged to learn in the family, based on the data collected in the fourth wave of the World Values Survey (1999-2004). The aims of this paper are: to determine the hierarchy structure of citizens? values regarding the qualities that children should be encouraged to learn as part of their family upbringing; to determine whether the priority is given to the development of autonomous or conformist personality, as well as the correlates of each of these two orientations; to determine what the position of Serbian public opinion is in comparison to the European countries encompassed by the World Values Survey. The analysis comprises representative samples from 33 European countries, in total 48,220 respondents. The research in Serbia comprised 1200 citizens aged 18 and above. It was shown that Serbian public opinion gives priority to the development of the qualities of an autonomous personality over conformist. Regarding the values and goals of upbringing, Serbia is at the level of average of the European countries as a whole. The younger and more educated respondents give priority to the development of autonomous qualities, as well as those who acquired post-materialist values. Progressive goals of upbringing which are supported by the public can be accomplished with significant changes in the direction of increase of social standard, quality of education and competence of all those people who participate in the upbringing of the young.