bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious changes in post-communism: The issue of orthodoxy in the transitional societies of Serbia and Montenegro and Russia
Authors: Blagojevic Mirko
Published: November 2007

Considering this issue to be particularly significant as a research challenge for the sociologies of religion in the so-called post-socialist countries, the subject of this research has been to determine the character, status and direction of religious changes in predominantly orthodox territories of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and Russia that became evident in the last decade of the twentieth century marked by turbulent socio-political changes in those countries. With the subject of the research being defined in that way, the main goal of the research has been to identify and examine basic tendencies in religious changes. Relying on the huge empirical material on the changes in question, an attempt has been made to precisely detect the scope of these changes in the various areas of religious, spiritual and social lives of people in the period of the so-called post-socialist transformation (transition). Therefore, the goal of the research has not been just to determine the scope and direction of changes of religiousness with people, but also to try to set the above mentioned religious changes into the proper social context, which is the starting point in their theoretical explanation.
The philosophical politics of J. F. Lyotard, or reflexive writing as a form of disengagement
Authors: Savic Mile
Published: November 2007

The subject of this paper are the implications of Lyotard's critique of the intellectual as a public actor. It is shown that Lyotard's critique of politics results in a rejection of political theory, real politics and political involvement of the intellectual. In place of that, Lyotard develops his concept of "philosophical politics", i.e. "reflexive writing" as a specific form of political disengagement. The author argues that Lyotard's critique of the political involvement of the intellectual is acceptable, but that Lyotard's concept of "philosophical politics" cannot compensate for the lack of an acceptable real politics and an appropriate political theory. It can be viewed only as an individual-existential posture of resistance to the dominant political patterns which, as preconditions of its own possibility, must presuppose the existence of an acceptable real politics and appropriate political doctrine.
Do nations have navels'?: Gellner and Smith on the emergence of nations
Authors: Subotic Milan
Published: November 2007

This paper interprets and analyzes the debate having taken place in 1995 between E. Gellner and A. Smith concerning the problem of the emergence of nations. This discussion is used as an example to show the basic general features of two approaches in theories of nationalism - the modernist and the ethno symbolic ones. Pointing to the common assumptions shared by Gellner's and Smith's theories of nations (critique of primordialism and perennialism), the author interprets ethno-symbolism as a sort of internal self-criticism of the modernist standpoint. This polemic is therefore interpreted not as a debate between "creationist" and "evolutionist" solutions to the problem of the emergence of nations, but rather as a debate between two theoretical paradigms defining different research priorities in studying nations and nationalisms. From this perspective, the author concludes that the ethno symbolic approach to the genealogy of nations has broader heuristic capacities than the modernist paradigm, at least when the emergence of "peripheral nations" and the understanding of the dynamic of their nationalisms are concerned.
Ideological and political conflicts about popular music in Serbia
Authors: Djurkovic Misa
Published: November 2007

The paper is focused on ideological and political conflicts about popular music in Serbia, as a good example of wrong and confused searching for identity. Basic conflict that author is analyzing is about oriental elements (such as asymmetric rhythmic patterns and melismatic singing) and the question if they are legitimate parts of Serbian musical heritage or not. Author is making an analysis of three periods in twentieth century, in which absolutely the same arguments were used, and he's paying special attention to contemporary conflicts, trying to explain why all of the theories are ideologically based. Author is insisting on role market played in development and modernization of popular music in Serbia. The article is ending with some recommendations for better understanding of cultural identity in Serbia, and for recognizing popular music as specific field of interest and research.
Between education and self-education: From Bildung to virtue ethics
Authors: Dobrijevic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

The article contains an explanation of the topic to be dealt with by the author within the work on the project "Regional and European Aspects of Integration Processes in Serbia: Civilization Preconditions, Reality and Prospects for the Future" of the Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory. A concern for the problem of Bildung reoccurs in social sciences. The author claims that we should elicit a dominated normative meaning from many senses of the concept of Bildung, in order to explain his vitality and the possibility of his interdisciplinary application in more appropriate way.
Mimezis postvarenja - o Adornovom tumacenju strategije moderne umetnosti
Authors: Kindjic Zoran
Published: November 2007

(nemacki) Der Verfasser betrachtet Adornos Deutung der Strategie der modernen Kunst in ihrem Versuch der verdinglichtenWelt zu widerstehen. Diese Strategie bezeichnet der frankfurter Denker als Mimesis der Verdinglichung, ?berzeugt davon, dass die Kunst gegen den Bann opponieren kann, nur inwiefern sie sich mit diesem identifiziert. Abstraktheit, Dissonanz und Nihilismus der modernen Kunst fasst Adorno geradezu als Mimesis der Verdinglichung auf. Das Ziel der modernen Kunst sei es, dass sie mit der eigenen "H?sslichkeit" eine verborgene H?sslichkeit derWelt entlarvt, d.h. dass sie den Rezipienten schockiert und ihn dadurch aus der konformistischen Schl?frigkeit auff?hrt. Nachdem der Verfasser Adornos Deutung der Strategie der modernen Kunst betrachtet hat, bemerkt er, dass auch sie sich, nach Anfangserfolgen, der Herrschaft der instrumentalen Vernunft, d.h. derWelt, die sich auf dem abstrakten b?rgerlichen Prinzip des Tausches gr?ndet, als nicht gewachsen herausgestellt hat.
The concept of European citizen
Authors: Stupar Milorad
Published: November 2007

The normative interpretation of the concept of European citizen should be carried out on a utilitarian or pragmatic model rather than on the cultural one. However, the idea of European culture cannot be totally neglected.
Last war or a war to make the world safe for democracy: Violence and right in Hannah Arendt
Authors: Bojanic Petar
Published: November 2007

Paraphrased within the title of this text is a note Hannah Arendt made in August 1952. After reading Carl Schmitt?s Nomos der Erde, Arendt tries to confront Schmitt?s idea of a just war. In the text I attempt to reconstruct Arendt?s readings of differing political philosophy texts within the context of her thinking concerning the relationship between violence and power, force and law. Arendt?s refusal to accept the existence of violence which can "conquer" freedom and "create" right and democracy, brings contradiction to the great tradition of the followers of Marx, to whom Arendt undoubtedly belongs: how is and is revolutionary violence even possible and does violence as resistance to injustice bring justice?.
"Otpor" - a postmodern Faust: new social movement, the tradition of enlightened reformism and the electoral revolution in Serbia
Authors: Naumovic Slobodan
Published: November 2007

Otpor is discussed in the text as a complex and contradictory new type of social movement, whose members attempted to contribute to the tradition of enlightened reform of social and political life in Serbia, simultaneously in a highly pragmatic and in a creative, possibly even irresponsible manner. After the introduction, analyzed are popular and media narratives on the characteristics of the movement, dilemmas concerning the founding of the movement and meaning of its key symbols, and the Faustian question of goals and consequences of foreign, in particular American influences. Following is a discussion of strategic (non-violent revolution, calculated victimization) and tactical (black campaigns, get-out-the-vote campaign) roles of Otpor in the coordinated project of ousting Milosevic. Otpor?s role is then re-interpreted in the frame of the ?electoral revolution?, developed by Valerie Bunce, Sharon Wolchik and Michael McFoul. An assessment of the transformation of Otpor from an active social movement into an exportable blueprint for non-violent political revolutions is offered in lieu of a conclusion.
Current religious changes in Serbia and desecularization
Authors: Blagojevic Mirko
Published: November 2007

For the contemporary Serbian sociology of religion it is evident that the process of desecularization has been present on the social scene of Serbia in the last fifteen years. Sociologists have provided arguments for this claim based on data gathered in Serbia during this period. The religious changes in question have been empirically recorded in all aspects of attachment to religion (mainly Eastern Orthodoxy) and the church (Serbian Orthodox Church), that is, in aspects of religious identification, doctrinal beliefs and religious behavior. Certain political subjects and social scientists feel that social life in Serbia is getting increasingly, and that religion and church are exerting influence within social fields they are not supposed to, if Serbia is to become a secular, democratic state. The paper analyzes some major conditions of the clericalization of the Serbian society.
Can patriotism justify killing in defense of one’s country?
Authors: Pavkovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

Cosmopolitan liberals would be ready to fight - and to kill and be killed for the sake of restoring international justice or for the abolition of profoundly unjust political institutions. Patriots are ready to do the same for their own country. Sometimes the cosmopolitan liberals and patriots would fight on the same side and sometimes on the opposite sides of the conflict. Thus the former would join the latter in the defense of Serbia against Austria-Hungary (in 1914) but would oppose the white Southerner patriots in the American Civil War (in 1861). In this paper I argue that fighting and killing for one?s country is, in both of those cases, different from the defense of one?s own life and the lives of those who cannot defend themselves. Killing for one?s country is killing in order to fulfill a particular political preference. The same is the case with fighting for the abolition of a profoundly unjust political institution. It is not amoral or immoral to refuse to kill for any one of these two political preferences because there is no reason to believe that either political preference trumps our moral constraints against killing.
The Polumir granite: Addititional data on its origin
Authors: Vukov Milenko , Milovanovic Dragan
Published: November 2007

The Polumir granite is exposed on several localities due to erosion, and its chemical and mineral composition is presented in this paper. It is built of K-feldspar, plagioclase, myrmekite, metasomatic albite, biotite, muscovite and quartz, while apatite, magnetite, monazite, allanite and zircon are present as accessory minerals. According to its chemical and mineral composition and rock chemistry (trace and REE elements) the Polumir granite is leucocratic, sin-collisional, with S-type characteristics. It crystallized at temperature of about 650?C and under pressure of 2-4 kbar. Results of isotope analyses (K-Ar method on biotites) indicate that the Polumir granite was formed during the Miocene (14-19 Ma) and it has undergone subsequent weak remobilization afterwards.
Petrology of the Garnet Amphibolites from the Tejici Village - Povlen Mt., Western Serbia
Authors: Sreckovic-Batocanin Danica , Milovanovic Dragan , Balogh Kadosa
Published: November 2007

Different metamorphic rocks discovered near the village of Tejici (Povlen Mt., Western Serbia) represent members of the olistostrome m?lange metamorphosed during the obduction/emplacement of some still hot ultramafic body. They occupy the area of about 2 km2. The garnet amphibolites are of highest metamorphic grade in the area of Tejici and were chosen as the most convenient rocks for determination the pressure-temperature conditions of metamorphism and of ultramafics during their emplacement.
The activation energy of viscoelastic deformation of rocks
Authors: Melkonyan Dzhema
Published: November 2007

The suggested model, which considers the simultaneous appearance (on the intermolecular scale) of elastic and viscous behaviors of rocks during their viscoelastic deformation, enables the relaxation time, t0, of the viscoelastic deformation energy to be defined. By determination of t0, the activation energies of the elastic and viscous deformation can be separated from the temperature dependence of the viscoelastic deformation energy stream U. The probabilistic approach to viscoelastic deformation of rocks allows the introduction of the a notion of the total probability, consisting of the probabilities of elastic and viscous deformations.
The Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome (Eastern Paratethys): Implication of the chronostratigraphy and bivalvia-based biostratigraphy
Authors: Ruban Dmitry
Published: November 2007

The Rostov Dome is located in the south of the Russian Platform. In the Late Miocene this area was embraced by the Eastern Paratethys. The implications of a recently developed Neogene chronostratigraphy to the studied area are discussed. The Sarmatian regional stage corresponds to the upper part of the Langhian, the entire Serravalian and the lower part of the Tortonian global stages; the Maeotian regional stage corresponds to the upper part of the Tortonian and the lowermost horizons of the Messinian global stages; the Pontian regional stage corresponds to most of the Messinian and the lowermost Zanclean global stages. A first Bivalvia-based bio-stratigraphic framework is proposed for the territory of the Rostov Dome. Five biozones were established within the Serravalian-Messinian: Tapes vitalianus, Cerastoderma fittoni-Cerastoderma subfittoni, Congeria panticapaea, Congeria amygdaloides navicula and Monodacna pseudocatillus-Prosodacna schirvanica.
Trinocladus divnae and montiella filipovici: A new species (Dasycladales, green algae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Mountain Pastrik (Mirdita Zone)
Authors: Radoicic Rajka
Published: November 2007

Two new dasycladalean species from the Upper Cretaceous of the Mountain Pastrik, Kukes Cretaceous Unit of the Mirdita Zone are described: Trinocladus divnae sp. nov. is characterized by variable size of the thallus, relatively narrow main axis, typical Trinocladus organization of the laterals and thin calcification limited to the distal part of the thallus which includes a swollen part of secondaries and short tertiaries. Often, the internal portion of the whorls (except sometimes the main stem membrane), tends to dissolve and form dissolution cavities filled with cement. Montiella filipovici sp. nov. is characterized by a primary skeleton made of a thin individual sheath around a fertile ampullae, often obliterated by recrystallization. Four to six laterals, each giving one secondary and one fertile ampulla located on the upper side of the relatively thick short primary lateral. Upper Cenomanian limestone with Cisalveolina fraasi and Trinocladus divnae sp. nov. was deposited immediately before the events that resulted in sea level rising. The middle and upper Cenomanian eustatic-tectonic processes had different effects in the Pastrik shallow water areas, depending on the distance from the basinal part of the Unit. Bathymetric changes in a part of the Pastrik sedimentary area were not significant, even negligible. Montiella filipovici is found in the post-fraasi shallow water sequence, assigned to the ?uppermost Cenomanian-lowermost Turonian (= Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone p. p.; a short stratigraphic gap, in a part of the area, is noted). Shallow water limestone with Turonian taxa, corresponding to the helvetca Zone, occurs a few meters upward. Supplementary note: the species Cylindroporella parva RADOICIC is transferred in the genus Montiella, the species Permocalculus elliotti JOHNSON is transferred in the genus Trinocladus, while the species Trinocladus bellus YU JING is transferred in the genus Belzungia.
Activity measurement of solid Cu-In alloys by EMF method with solid electrolyte
Authors: Katayama I. , Miyakusu K. , Iida T.
Published: November 2007

The thermodynamic activity of indium in the solid Cu-In alloys was obtained from the EMF measurement of cell: In,In2O3, ZrO2(+11mol%CaO), Cu-In,In2O3 for 16 alloys in the temperature range 773 to 900K. Activity changes with composition at 823K are very large in the and - phase regions. Activity and free energies of formation are derived and compared with the published data.
Modeling of mullite solid-solutions in the system Al2O3-SiO2
Authors: Holm J.L.
Published: November 2007

A model for the mullite formation from kaolinites and the solid-solution range of mullite in the Al2O3-SiO2 system has been evaluated. This rather complicated model implies that both octahedral and tetrahedral coordinated Al3+-ions as well as tetrahedral Si4+-ions participate together with O2-ions and vacant oxygen positions during the rearrangements in the structure during the sintering process at high temperatures.
The effect of room temperature pre-ageing on tensile and electrical properties of thermomechanically treated Al-Mg-Si alloy
Authors: Martinova Z. , Damgaliev D. , Hirsh M.
Published: November 2007

A commercial Al - 0.62%Mg - 0.57%Si was thermomechanically treated (TMT). The TMT process included solution treatment, room temperature preageing, drawing (e=95%) and final ageing. The experimental data were proceeded statistically and mathematical models were derived for the alloy properties such as tensile strength, electrical conductivity and elongation of the wires during TMT. The models are used to find out the area of compromise optimal combination of the alloy properties. Higher final ageing temperature and time are required to design a TMT process for production of a long-term pre-aged wires. The influence of the room temperature preageing on the precipitation process during TMT is discussed.
The development of platinum-based alloys and their thermodynamic database
Authors: Cornish L.A. , Hohls J. , Hill P.J. , Prins S. , Süss R. , Compton D.N.
Published: November 2007

A series of quaternary platinum-based alloys have been demonstrated to exhibit the same two-phase structure as Ni-based superalloys and showed good mechanical properties. The properties of ternary alloys were a good indication that the quaternary alloys, with their better microstructure, will be even better. The quaternary alloy composition has been optimised at Pt84:Al11:Ru2:Cr3 for the best microstructure and hardness. Work has begun on establishing a thermodynamic database for Pt-Al-Ru-Cr alloys, and further work will be done to enhance the mechanical and oxidation properties of the alloys by adding small amounts of other elements to the base composition of Pt84:Al11:Ru2:Cr3.
Activity measurement of Ga in liquid Ga-Pb alloys by EMF method with zirconia solid electrolyte
Authors: Katayama I. , Zivkovic Dragana , Manasijevic Dragan , Oishi T. , Zivkovic Zivan , Iida T.
Published: November 2007

EMF measurement of the electrochemical cell with zirconia as solid electrolyte was performed to determine the gallium activity from 950 to 1150K in the entire composition range of liquid Ga-Pb alloys. In the whole concentration range, activity of Ga shows moderately positive deviations from ideality, and activity of Pb which is derived by Gibbs- Duhem equation shows also positive deviation from ideality. These are compared with published data obtained by different experimental methods.
Calculation of activities in Ga-Cd and Cu-Pb binary systems
Authors: Manasijevic Dragan , Zivkovic Dragana , Zivkovic Zivan
Published: November 2007

Calculations of activities in Ga-Cd and Cu-Pb binary systems were done based on their known phase diagrams, using different calculation methods. First, activities of cadmium at 700 K and copper at 1263 K in Ca - Cd and Cu - Pb systems, respectively, were calculated by melting point depression method and Zhang-Chou method for binary systems with phase diagrams involving two liquid or solid coexisting phases. In order to obtain activity values in the entire composition range, these methods were applied in the definite parts of composition range in both investigating systems. The same procedure was done, using modified Rao- Belton method by Chou, who used Richardson assumption. Activities of the second component in both investigating systems were calculated by use of Gibbs-Duhem equation. All calculated results were compared with literature data and mutual comparison between applied methods was done.
Electrorefining of aluminum alloy in ionic liquids at low temperatures
Authors: Kamavaram V. , Mantha D. , Reddy R.G.
Published: November 2007

The electrorefining of aluminum alloy (A360) in ionic liquids at low temperatures has been investigated. The ionic liquid electrolyte was prepared by mixing anhydrous AlCl3 and 1-Butyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC) in appropriate proportions. The effect of the cell voltage temperature, and the composition of the electrolyte on the electrorefining process has been studied. The characterization of the deposited aluminum was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The influence of experimental parameters such as cell voltage and concentration of AlCl3 in the electrolyte on the deposit morphology was discussed. The composition of the aluminum deposits was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Aluminum deposits with purity higher than 99.89 % were obtained. At a cell voltage of 1.0 V vs. Al/Al(III), the energy consumption was about 3 kWh/kg-Al. The main advantage of the process is low energy consumption compared to the existing industrial aluminum refining process.
Electrochemical behavior of lanthanum and yttrium ions in two molten chlorides with different oxoacidic properties: The eutectic LiCl-KCl and the equimolar mixture CaCl2-NaCl
Authors: Castrillejo Y. , Bermejo M.R. , Martínez A.M. , Díaz Arocas
Published: November 2007

The electrochemical behavior of LaCl3 and YCl3 was studied in two molten chloride mixtures with different oxoacidic properties, the eutectic LiCl-KCl and the equimolar CaCl2-NaCl melt at different temperatures. The stable oxidation states of both elements have been found to be (III) and (0) in both melts, and it was found that both La(III) and Y(III) cations were less solvated by the chloride ions in the calcium-based melt, which was explained by the stability of CaCl4 2- ions in that melt. Transient electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry were used in order to study the reaction mechanism and the transport parameters of electro active species at a tungsten electrode. The results showed that in the eutectic LiCl-KCl, the electro crystallization of lanthanum and yttrium seems to be the controlling electrochemical step while in CaCl2-NaCl this phenomenon has not been observed. That was explained in terms of the differences in the physicochemical properties of the systems, especially interfacial tensions. In the eutectic LiCl-KCl chronoamperometric studies indicated instantaneous and three dimensional nucleation and crystal growth of lanthanum and yttrium whatever the applied over potential of the rare earth metal is, whereas in the equimolar mixture CaCl2-NaCl, the corresponding electrochemical exchanges were found to be quasi-reversible, and the values of the kinetic parameters, K0 and ?,were obtained for both reactions. Mass transport towards the electrode is a simple diffusion process, and the diffusion coefficients have been calculated. The validity of the Arrhenius law was also verified by plotting the variation of the logarithm of the diffusion coefficient versus 1/T.
Electrodeposition of rhenium from chloride melts: Electrochemical nature, structure and applied aspects
Authors: Vinogradov-Zhabrov O.N. , Minchenko L.M. , Esina N.O. , Pankratov A.A.
Published: November 2007

Processes involved in the electrodeposition of rhenium from chloride melts have been studied over the temperature interval from 680 to 970 0C at a cathodic current density of 5 to 250 mA/cm2. It has been found that rhenium is deposited in the form of continuous layers. In addition to that the growth of deposits as separate single-crystal needles has also been noticed. Continuous layers had axial growth textures. The crystallographic direction of the textures is due to electrolysis conditions, such as concentration of oxygen-containing impurities, temperature, melt composition and cathodic current density. When the concentration of oxygen-containing impurities in the melt decreased, electrolysis temperature increased, the average radius of the supporting electrolyte cations became smaller, or cathodic current density diminished, the direction of the growth textures was changing as follows: (1010) ?(1120) ?(101L) ?(0001) ?(0001)needles. The microhardness of the deposits in this series is 900 to 250 kg/mm2. The growth of deposits on textured rhenium substrates and single crystals having different orientations, including bent substrates, was studied. It has been found that the epitaxial growth is virtually unlimited in depth if the orientation of the substrate coincides with the growth texture under given conditions. If the substrate orientation deviated from the growth texture, the epitaxial growth was nearly absent. Kinetic parameters were measured using the galvanostatic method. The exchange current density was determined over the interval of (0.01-0.1) A/cm2 depending on the concentration of oxygen-containing impurities, cation composition, type of the surface and its condition. The parameter ??Z, which was estimated by two methods, was equal to 2.1-3.1. The diffusion coefficient of rhenium ions has been found to be 2.8 ?10 ?5 cm2/s at 790 0C and 3.5 ?10 ?5 cm2/s at 840 0C. Galvanoplastic production of rhenium products, such as crucibles, ampoules foils, wire, and intricate articles, was performed.
Exchange current densities at electrochemical phase formation from molten salts
Authors: Isaev V.A. , Grishenkova O.V.
Published: November 2007

The processes of nucleation, growth and phase formation during electrodeposition from molten salts have been studied. Theoretical methods for the determination of nucleation and growth parameters, particularly exchange current densities at the melt/new phase cluster interface, are considered.
Electrodeposition of alloys or compounds in molten salts and applications
Authors: Taxil P. , Chamelot P. , Massot L. , Hamel C.
Published: November 2007

This article deals with the different modes of preparation of alloys or intermetallic compounds using the electrodeposition in molten salts, more particularly molten alkali fluorides. The interest in this process is to obtain new materials for high technology, particularly the compounds of reactive components such as actinides, rare earth and refractory metals. Two ways of preparation are considered: (i) electrocoating of the more reactive metal on a cathode made of the noble one and reaction between the two metals in contact, and (ii) electrocoating on an inert cathode of the intermetallic compound by coreduction of the ions of each elements. The kinetic is controlled by the reaction at the electrolyte interface. A wide bibliographic survey on the preparation of various compounds (intermetallic compounds, borides, carbides?) is given and a special attention is paid to the own experience of the authors in the preparation of these compounds and interpretation of their results.
Texture effects in TiB2 coatings electrodeposited from a NaCl-KCl-K2TiF6-NaF-NaBF4 melt at 700 °c
Authors: Krendelsberger R. , Souto M.F. , Sytchev J. , Besenhard J.O. , Fafilek G. , Kronberger H. , Nauer G.E.
Published: November 2007

TiB2 layers have been electrodeposited on steel and molybdenum substrates from a molten salt electrolyte at 700 ?C by either direct current (DC) or pulsed plating techniques. The crystallographic textures of the coatings obtained are described and discussed.
High-temperature electrochemical synthesis of carbon-containing inorganic compounds under excessive carbon dioxide pressure
Authors: Novoselova I.A. , Volkov S.V. , Oliinyk N.F. , Shapoval V.I.
Published: November 2007

Features of the electroreduction of carbon dioxide dissolved in the equimolar melt of sodium and potassium chlorides under excessive pressure of up to 1.7 MPa have been studied by cyclic voltametry over a wide polarization rate range. It has been found that the electrode process occurs in two stages at sweep rates of ?0.1 V s-1, and its mechanism has been suggested. The cathodic product is polycrystalline graphite. Systems and conditions for producing two- and three-component refractory metal carbides using CO2 as a synthesis component have been selected.
Some aspects of the electrochemical formation of carbon micro-tubes from molten chlorides
Authors: Yaghmaee M.S. , Demeter Z.S. , Sytchev J. , Lakatos J. , Kaptay G.
Published: November 2007

Carbon nano/micro-tubes have been successfully synthesized by an electrochemical way from the NaCl-KCl-5% MgCl2 molten salt on the surface of a graphite cathode. The length of the tubes is above 100 ?m, while their diameter ranges from hundreds of nanometers to 1-2 ?m. A new cleaning procedure of the carbon tubes from the remaining salt has been developed with acetone found to be the best cleaning agent. It has been shown that in addition to carbon micro-tubes, some tube-like or rod-like structures can be formed, which do not actually consist of carbon but of the remained salt.
Electrochemical study of the electrodeposition and intercalation of sodium into graphite from sodium chloride as the first step of carbon nano-tubes formation
Authors: Borisenko N. , Sytchev J. , Kaptay G.
Published: November 2007

The mechanism of sodium reduction in sodium chloride melt at three different electrodes has been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The definition of so-called ?thermodynamic? or ?material balance? reversibility has been introduced. It has been shown that the dissolution of sodium in the melt is an important factor in the overall process in the whole range of polarization rates. The adsorption of sodium on glassy carbon and graphite plays an important role in the reduction of sodium at polarization rates below 1 V/s, and it makes the process reversibility higher compared to molybdenum. The intercalation of sodium into the graphite lattice decreases the overall reversibility of the process at low polarization rates.
Characteristics of a calcite "limestone"-marble from Macedonia, used as flux material
Authors: Hristova E. , Jancev S.
Published: November 2007

The phase characteristics of calcite "limestone"-marble from Banjany area village (near Skopje, Macedonia) were examined by means of XRD, SEM microscope in polarizing and reflected lights, chemical, DT/TG-analyses. It was concluded as follows: - calcite (CaCO3) is a major mineral component (cca 80-90 %) prevailing in the marble over the other minerals - dolomite is generally of minor importance (cca 10-20 %) in the rock - quartz, micas graphite, pyrite represent typical accessories. As result of the mentioned phase characteristics, this raw materials was for a long time (more than 30 years) used as flux in the iron and steel metallurgy in Macedonia.
Thermodynamic analysis of the Ga-Pb binary system
Authors: Manasijevic Dragan , Zivkovic Dragana , Zivkovic Zivan
Published: November 2007

Thermodynamic properties of binary Ga-Pb alloys were investigated experimentally and analytically. Quantitative differential thermal analysis was used for determination of integral mixing enthalpies for the gallium-reach alloys, at the constant temperature inside the liquid two-phase region. Calculation of gallium activities in the temperature range of 800-1000 K was done using Chou?s calculation model developed for binary systems with miscibility gap existence.
Characterization of microstructure and properties of AlCuMg alloys
Authors: Zlaticanin Biljana , Djuric Stevan , Jordovic Branka , Radonjic B.
Published: November 2007

The effect of magnesium content, in the interval range from 1 mass.% to 5 mass.%, on the microstructure and properties of aluminium - copper magnesium alloys was examined. The as-cast structure was modified by the addition of the AlTi5B1 to give alloys containing 0 to 0.25 mass. % titanium. Using X-ray powder diffraction we established that the tetragonal intermetallic compound Al2Cu and orthorhombic intermetallic compound Al2CuMg are formed across the whole range of magnesium additions. The effect of the magnesium and titanium content on the microstructure was monitored quantitatively. Using automatic image analysis we were able to measure the linear intercept grain size, the secondary dendrite arm spacing (DAS), the size of eutectic cells (Le), as well as the size distribution and volume fractions of the ?-solid solution and the eutectic. In alloys containing high magnesium the average values of the DAS and grain size were found to decrease. Also, in alloys containing high magnesium the average values of the eutectic cell length and volume fractions of the eutectic were found to increase. The changes in chemical composition of the alloy cause changes in the structure that are reflected in the Brinell hardness and the compression strength. Compression strength and hardness increase with the content of magnesium and titanium.
The effects of ultrasonic solidification on aluminum
Authors: Djordjevic Slavko
Published: November 2007

The effect of ultrasound on characteristics of solidified aluminum was shown. An ultrasonic head and ultrasonic system for modification was designed and applied to the crystallizing aluminum melt. The ultrasonic generator allows power of 50-500 W, amplitude of oscillations 10-100 um.m and the operating frequency of 25 kHz. Ultrasonic modification was done by ultrasound introduced from above into the melt. Microstructure photographs show decreasing of the grain size more than five times.
Physico-chemical characterization of slag occurrences at Tilva Njagra locality, Bor region, Eastern Serbia
Authors: Zivkovic Dragana , Strbac Nada , Cocic M. , Andric V. , Steharnik M. , Budic S.
Published: November 2007

Physico-chemical characterization of slag occurrences at Tilva Njagra locality (Bor region, Eastern Serbia) was done and the results of the research activities are presented in this paper. The samples were investigated using chemical analysis, XRD, DTA and EDXRF.
Bacterial desulphurization of coal from mine CSA Most
Authors: Fecko P. , Sitavancova Z. , Cvesper L. , Cablik V.
Published: November 2007

The objective of the paper was application of bacterial leaching on 3 brown coal samples from bore S 187 (CV) from locality Mine CSA Most. Based on the results of bacterial leaching and petrologic analyses of the given samples, it is possible to state that the individual samples are very similar, they contain significant shares of clay materials and pyrite is predominantly represented in a framboidal form, which intergrowths into a massive form. Applying bacterial leaching it is possible to remove from 24 to 40% of total sulphur and from 20 to 37% of pyritic sulphur from the coals.
Mineralogical and structural research of SEN and deposits with the purpose of determining the cause of the deposit formation
Authors: Devic S.
Published: November 2007

The work is based on the results of the experiment, which involved observing and examining the behavior of 167 SEN (Submerge Entry Nozzle) during the continuous steel casting. The results of such research of the wall of SEN and the contact zone in the inner side of SEN, distinctly point out the background of the aluminum built as corundum and calcium aluminate deposited in the deposit of SEN. The work has proved that with the formation of corundum and Hibonite - 5H deposit in certain number of SEN, the crucial part was played by the secondary oxidation of steel with slightly smaller number of SEN, beside the secondary oxidation, as cause of the formation of these two mineral phases, due to the reactions which take place in the material itself.
Controversial reversal of nuclear option
Authors: Mesarovic Miodrag
Published: November 2007

Nuclear option is in a unique position to restore its original role of the main source of energy with an increased attention paid to the security of electricity supply as well as regulatory changes affecting fossil fuels, particularly with due introduction of climate change prevention measures. Recent developments indicate the advantages of nuclear option over other possible options in terms of sustainable development. However, a large number of controversial issues on nuclear energy make its reversal less clear. These are discussed with particular attention paid to recent developments worldwide, including the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in September 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Analysis of the experimental positron lifetime spectra by neural networks
Authors: Avdic Senada , Chakarova Roumiana , Pazsit Imre
Published: November 2007

This paper deals with the analysis of experimental positron lifetime spectra in polymer materials by using various algorithms of neural networks. A method based on the use of artificial neural networks for unfolding the mean lifetime and intensity of the spectral components of simulated positron lifetime spectra was previously suggested and tested on simulated data [Pzzsitetal, Applied Surface Science, 149 (1998), 97]. In this work, the applicability of the method to the analysis of experimental positron spectra has been verified in the case of spectra from polymer materials with three components. It has been demonstrated that the backpropagation neural network can determine the spectral parameters with a high accuracy and perform the decomposi-tion of lifetimes which differ by 10% or more. The backpropagation network has not been suitable for the identification of both the parameters and the number of spectral components. Therefore, a separate artificial neural network module has been designed to solve the classification problem. Module types based on self-organizing map and learning vector quantization algorithms have been tested. The learning vector quantization algorithm was found to have better performance and reliability. A complete artificial neural network analysis tool of positron lifetime spectra has been constructed to include a spectra classification module and parameter evaluation modules for spectra with a different number of components. In this way, both flexibility and high resolution can be achieved.
Angular distribution and inertia parameters i Alpha-induced fission of 232Th, 233U, and 238U
Authors: Rahimi Farhad , Ghodsi Omid , Behkami Aziz
Published: November 2007

The analysis of the selected fission fragment angular distribution from alpha induced fission is made by using an exact theoretical expression. Theoretical anisotropics obtained with transition state modes are compared with their corresponding experimental values. The agreement between the calculated and experimental values is very good. The values of the statistical parameter K02 are used for calculation of the inertia parameters. The results indicate an increase in the moment of inertia.
Hyperion net: A distributed measurement system for monitoring background ionizing radiation
Authors: Saponjic Djordje , Zigic Aleksandar , Arandjelovic Vojislav
Published: November 2007

The distributed measurement system - HYPERION NET, based on the concept of FieldBus technology, has been developed, implemented, and tested as a pilot project, the first WEB enabled on-line networked ionizing radiation monitoring and measurement system. The Net has layered the structure, tree topology, and is based on the Internet infrastructure and TCP/IP communication protocol. The Net' s core element is an intelligent GM transmitter, based on GM tube, used for measuring the absorbed dose in air in the range of 0.087 to 720 ?Gy/h. The transmitter makes use of an advanced count rate measurement algorithm capable of suppressing the statistical fluctuations of the measured quantity, which significantly improves its measurement performance making it suitable for environmental radiation measurements.
Three-dimensional model of track growth: Comparison with other models
Authors: Nikezic Dragoslav , Yu Peter , Kostic Dragana
Published: November 2007

Here, we present a three-dimensional model of track growth in nuclear track detectors. The equation for the track wall in three dimensions and the equation of the contour line of the track opening have been derived for all types of tracks (i. e., tracks with sharp tips and tracks with rounded tips). The expression for the surface area of the track opening has also been found. The equations become the well-known expressions for minor and major axes for the special case of constant track etch rates. Computations of track parameters based on our model have been compared with the track growth models given by Somogyi and Szalay and the one given by Fews and Henshaw. Good agreements have been found among these three independent models.
Indoor radon in Slovenia
Authors: Vaupotic Janja
Published: November 2007

The Slovenian Radon Programme started in 1990. Since then, radon and radon short-lived decay products have been surveyed in 730 kindergartens, 890 schools, 1000 randomly selected homes, 5 major spas, 26 major hospitals, 10 major municipal water supply plants, and 8 major wineries. Alpha scintillation cells, etched track detectors, electret-based detectors and various continuously measuring devices have been used. On the basis of estimated effective doses, decisions were made on appropriate mitigation. In total, 35 buildings have been appropriately modified. The programme is displayed and results reviewed chronologically and discussed.
X-ray spectral studies of the electronic structure of uranyl fluorite UO2F2
Authors: Utkin Igor , Teterin Yury , Terenov Vladimir , Ryznkov Mikhail , Teterin Anton , Vukcevic Labud
Published: November 2007

This work interpreted the fine X-ray photoelectron spectral structure of the low binding energy electrons (0-40 eV) and X-ray O4,5(U) emission spectral structure from UO2F2 taking into account the relativistic X? discrete variation (RX?-DV) calculation for the [(UO2)F6]4?(D6h) cluster reflecting an uranium close environment in UO2F2. The U5f electrons were shown to participate directly in the chemical bond formation. The U6p electrons were shown to participate not only information of the inner valence molecular orbitals, but also information of the outer valence molecular orbitals. The inner valence molecular orbitals sequence order in the binding energy range 12-40 eV was established. It is important for development of the technique of interatomic distance determination in the axial direction and equatorial plane of uranyl compounds on the X-ray photoelectron spectral basis.
The influence of gamma and X-radiation on pre-breakdown currents and resistance of commercial gas filled surge arresters
Authors: Loncar Boris , Stankovic Srboljub , Vasic Aleksandra , Osmokrovic Predrag
Published: November 2007

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of gamma and X-radiation on relevant characteristics of commercial gas filled surge arresters in the d. c. regime. This question is very important because of the wide application of gas filled surge arresters in telecommunications, military industry and space technology. We found that both types of radiation had significant influence on the performance of gas filled surge arresters.
Preset time count rate meter using adaptive digital signal processing
Authors: Zigic Aleksandar
Published: November 2007

Two presented methods were developed to improve classical preset time count rate meters by using adapt able signal processing tools. An optimized detection algorithm that senses the change of mean count rate was implemented in both methods. Three low-pass filters of various structures with adaptable parameters to implement the control of the mean count rate error by suppressing the fluctuations in a controllable way, were considered and one of them implemented in both methods. An adaptation algorithm for preset time interval calculation executed after the low-pass filter was devised and implemented in the first method. This adaptation algorithm makes it possible to obtain shorter preset time intervals for higher stationary mean count rate. The adaptation algorithm for preset time interval calculation executed before the low-pass filter was devised and implemented in the second method. That adaptation algorithm enables sensing of a rapid change of the mean count rate before fluctuations suppression is carried out. Some parameters were fixed to their optimum values after appropriate optimization procedure. Low-pass filters have variable number of stationary coefficients depending on the specified error and the mean count rate. They implement control of the mean count rate error by suppressing fluctuations in a controllable way. The simulated and realized methods, using the developed algorithms, guarantee that the response time shall not exceed 2 s for the mean count rate higher than 2 s-1 and that controllable mean count rate error shall be within the range of ?4% to ?10%.
A critical look at UNEP reports concerning depleted uranium on Yugoslav territory
Authors: Ninkovic Marko , Glisic Ruzica
Published: November 2007

A critical look at UNEP Reports concerning depleted uranium on Yugoslav territory is presented in this paper. The subjects of the analysis are summarized as remarks high-lighting the following three points: (a) those concerning the use of terms significant and insignificant doses (risks), (b) those concerning the use of 1 mSv as a border between these two risk types and (c) those concerning the composition of ex pert UNEP Teams investigating the depleted uranium issue. To start with, the assumption that it should be possible to express the risks (con sequences) caused by the in take of depleted uranium ( by ingestion/ inhalation and/ or external exposure) to b and g rays from depleted uranium as insignificant or significant for comparison purposes is, in our view, in collision with the linear non thresh old hypothesis, still valid in the radiation protection field. Secondly, the limit of 1 mSv per year as a reference dose level between insignificant and significant risks (con sequences) is not accept able in the case of military depleted uranium contamination. This is because the reference level of 1 mSv, according to the ICRP Recommendation, can be used in the optimization of radiation protection as an additional annual dose limit for members of the public solely for useful practices. Military usage of depleted uranium can not be classified as being useful for both sides - the culprit and the victim alike. Our third objection concerns the composition of ex pert UNEP teams for Kosovo (Desk Assessment Group, Scientific Reviewer Group, and UNEP Scientific Mission) as not being representative enough, bearing in mind all UN member-countries. This last objection may be rather difficult to understand for any one viewing it from the perspective other than that of the victims.