bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid arthritis and viral hepatitis. Tactics of a rheumatologist. Literature review
Authors: Zhuravlyova L. V. , Oliinyk M. O. , Sikalo Y. K. , Fedorov V. O.
Published: January 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can be accompanied by complex liver involvement. The diagnosis and differentiation of these conditions are often complicated by the rarity of liver biopsies and the similarity of symptoms to other liver diseases. Viral hepatitis B and C in the context of rheumatoid arthritis can mimic rheumatological manifestations, further complicating timely diagnosis and worsening the prognosis for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
This literature review aims to systematize knowledge and assess the risks associated with the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with viral hepatitis B and C. Additionally, the article aims to provide recommendations for screening and treatment of viral hepatitis in these patients.
The review is based on the analysis of available literature for the last ten years, including clinical trials, meta‑analyses, systematic reviews, and recommendations for the treatment of viral hepatitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. According to the literature, liver involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can be caused by the disease itself, its treatment, or viral infections. Research results emphasize the importance of regular monitoring of liver function and screening for viral hepatitis B and C before starting rheumatoid arthritis treatment and during the use of immunosuppressive drugs.
The integration of screening for viral hepatitis B and C into standard medical protocols for patients with rheumatoid arthritis before starting immunosuppressive therapy is essential. The timely detection of these infections is crucial because the treatment of hepatitis and immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis are interconnected and require a comprehensive approach. Adaptation of treatment depending on the status of viral infection is necessary to minimize liver risks and optimize the outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
PROVISION OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF METAL CUTTING MACHINE SPINDLES AT THE STAGES OF REPAIR AND RESTORATION
Authors: Filkin Dmitry , Polskiy Evgeniy , Khandozhko Alexandr , Shcherbakov Andrey
Published: January 2025

The study objective is to develop a model for determining the parameters of the spindle bearing assembly of metal-cutting machines, taking into account the minimum runout of the functional surface.
The task to which the paper is devoted is to develop a technique for evaluating deviations from the alignment of the functional surface of a part (spindle) relative to the axis of the base necks.
Research methods: modeling the influence of shape accuracy parameters and the relative position of the spindle support necks on the radial runout of the base cone using the theory of dimensional relationships.
The novelty of the work: for the first time the effect of the accuracy parameters of the mating parts on the performance of the spindle assembly is analyzed and recommendations are given to reduce the radial runout of the functional surface.
Research results: a model is developed to determine the parameters of the shape error and the error of the relative position of the surfaces and their effect on the radial runout of the spindle functional surface at the stage of the bearing assembly.
Conclusions: in order to achieve the specified operational parameters of the spindle assembly at the stages of restoration and repair, it is necessary to develop a technique for performing control and assembly operations, taking into account the influence of shape accuracy parameters and the accuracy of the mutual positioning of the mating surfaces of all parts of the assembly unit.
POSSIBILITIES TO INCREASE THE SERVICE LIFE OF THE SHOCK ABSORBER OF A PASSENGER CAR TRUCK
Authors: Evseev Dmitriy , Bogachev Aleksey
Published: January 2025

Two fundamentally different designs of a passenger carriage truck with different shock absorbing systems are considered, namely, a joint shock absorbing system (as for TVZ-CNII-M truck models) and a separate shock absorbing system (as for 68–4095 truck model). Based on the analysis of the features of these systems and the operation principle of the hydraulic shock absorber, its main disadvantages and ways to increase its service life are found out.
Analisis Faktor Yang Menjadi Kendala Bagi Individu Difabel Dalam Berwisata Di Destinasi Wisata Bahari (Studi Kasus Di Destinasi Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu)
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Abdul , Rahmanita Myrza , Brahmantyo Himawan
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui factor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi kendala bagi wisatawan difabel dalam melakukan kegiatan wisata di destinasi wisata bahari Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Instrument pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan observasi. Informan-informan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 (empat) pihak yang mencakup pihak pemerintah, pihak penyedia layanan perjalanan wisata, pihak masyarakat (pokdarwis setempat) serta pihak wisatawan difabel yang pernah berwisata ke destinasi wisatta bahari Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa aspek yang menjadi kendala atau hambatan bagi wisatawan difabel dalam melakukan kegiatan wisata di destinasi wisata bahari Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu. Beberaoa diantaranya adalah physical access constraints (hambatan akses fisik) yang mencakup tidak aksesibelnya moda transportasi dari, di dan/atau menuju destinasi, fasilitas akomodasi di destinasi, serta beberapa fasilitas penunjang lainnya yang terdapat di destinasi. Selain itu, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan kurangnya ketersediaan informasi terkait aksesibilitas di destinasi yang dapat diakses oleh wisatawan difabel.
 
Kata kunci: Wisatawan difabel, hambatan yang dialami wisatawan difabel dalam berwisata, physical access constraints, attitudinal barriers, lack of information, aksesibel.
Con Atria en la mochila, de las aulas a la convención: Reflexiones en torno a la evolución conceptual de la educación superior como derecho social.
Authors: Paz Coronel Daniela Patricia
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo analiza de forma descriptiva la evolución conceptual que ha tenido la educación superior chilena como concepto a partir de la perspectiva de Fernando Atria. En tal contexto, se empleó como punto de partida los siguientes textos: Neoliberalismo con rostro humano (2013), Derechos sociales y Educación (2014). Estos se contrastaron con algunas entrevistas más actualizadas con el fin de evidenciar la existencia de algún cambio significativo en torno a dicho concepto en una coyuntura pre estallido social (Octubre 2019) y post estallido. En ese sentido, resultó de especial significancia reflexionar este fenómeno sobre todo de cara a la discusión pública que gira alrededor de la redacción de la nueva constitución, así como los principales nudos conflictivos que giran alrededor de la consagración del acceso a la educación superior como un derecho constitucional inmaterializado. Por lo tanto, se buscó mostrar las tensiones desprendidas del proceso de transición del Atria intelectual académico hacia el político.
MIND THE GAP: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES IN MOTIVATION TO TRANSFER TRIANING TO NURSING PRACTICE
Authors: Hakvoort Lysette , Dikken Jeroen , van der Schaaf Marieke , Schuurmans Marieke
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the knowledge transfer process through the lens of a single case study, aiming to provide critical insights to reevaluate the way educational activities are organized in nursing practice. Results show that despite individual needs of nurses in their CPD, there is an existing gap between the way educational activities for nurses are currently organized and on the other hand the common mission nurses, managers and educators have to change this.
Research on the Application of Spark Streaming Real-Time Data Analysis System and large language model Intelligent Agents
Authors: Wang Jialin , Duan Zhihua
Published: January 2025

This study explores the integration of Agent AI with LangGraph to enhance real-time data analysis systems in big data environments. The proposed framework overcomes limitations of static workflows, inefficient stateful computations, and lack of human intervention by leveraging LangGraph’s graph-based workflow construction and dynamic decision-making capabilities. LangGraph allows large language models (LLMs) to dynamically determine control flows, invoke tools, and assess the necessity of further actions, improving flexibility and efficiency.The system architecture incorporates Apache Spark Streaming, Kafka, and LangGraph to create a high-performance sentiment analysis system. LangGraph’s capabilities include precise state management, dynamic workflow construction, and robust memory checkpointing, enabling seamless multi-turn interactions and context retention. Human-in-the-loop mechanisms are integrated to refine sentiment analysis, particularly in ambiguous or high-stakes scenarios, ensuring greater reliability and contextual relevance.Key features such as real-time state streaming, debugging via LangGraph Studio, and efficient handling of large-scale data streams make this framework ideal for adaptive decision-making. Experimental results confirm the system’s ability to classify inquiries, detect sentiment trends, and escalate complex issues for manual review, demonstrating a synergistic blend of LLM capabilities and human oversight.This work presents a scalable, adaptable, and reliable solution for real-time sentiment analysis and decision-making, advancing the use of Agent AI and LangGraph in big data applications.
Rigor and transparency in FDA authorization of AI-enabled medical devices: a critical distinction
Authors: Diab Abdul Rahman , Lotter William
Published: January 2025

Recent analyses have highlighted important concerns regarding the extent of clinical validation conducted for FDA-authorized AI devices. Here, we draw a distinction between the rigor of validation performed for FDA authorization and the transparency into this validation. We argue that these concepts are often entangled, leading to inferences about rigor that may sometimes instead reflect limited transparency. We first clarify this distinction based on FDA guidelines and unwritten rules learned from our experience developing multiple FDA-cleared AI devices. We then propose key considerations for enhancing both aspects as AI applications proliferate. Altogether, we emphasize the need for a nuanced view of regulatory practices to guide actionable frameworks that balance risk and innovation in healthcare AI.
Novel Generative Adversarial Network with Enhanced Attention Mechanism for Robust Image Steganography
Authors: Rehman Waheed
Published: January 2025

The evolution of steganography has been fueled by advancementsin machine learning, yet achieving an optimal balance between imperceptibility, robustness, and embedding capacity remains a challenge.This paper introduces an attention-enhanced generative adversarialnetwork (AGAN) framework for image steganography. By incorporating spatial attention modules into the generator and discriminatornetworks, the proposed method identifies and utilizes regions of thecover image that are less perceptible to human vision for embeddingsecret data. This strategy minimizes perceptual distortion while maximizing robustness against steganalysis and image processing operations. Additionally, a hybrid loss function is introduced, combiningadversarial, reconstruction, and attention-guided perceptual losses toensure high-quality stego-images and reliable data recovery. Experimental evaluations on benchmark datasets demonstrate that AGANoutperforms state-of-the-art techniques in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), and resistanceto advanced detection tools. This work not only advances the capabilities of GAN-based steganography but also underscores the potentialof attention mechanisms in secure digital communication.
An updated version of the SZ-plugin: from space to space-time data-driven modeling in QGIS
Authors: Titti Giacomo , Hu Liwei , Festi Pietro , Elia Letizia , Borgatti Lisa , Lombardo Luigi
Published: January 2025

The geospatial community usually makes use of GIS environments to handle databases and pre-process their information. Actual analyses, especially data-driven ones, are performed outside GIS platforms. This interrupts the flow of information and the processing chain in a number of I/O operations that inevitably slow down the overall analytical protocols. The first version of the SZ-plugin attempted to mitigate this issue by offering a modeling solution from within QGIS. However, the available models in the SZ-plugin essentially boiled down to binary classifiers, whose dimensionality was constrained to address pure spatial problems. In this updated version, we focused on two major aspects: 1) a space-time extension and 2) the inclusion of a regression option in addition to the already existing classification one. These two aspects have been introduced as part of two new models, namely, a Generalized Additive Modeling and a Multi-Layer Perceptron. In short, these would allow users to obtain susceptibility and intensity estimates in space and time. An improved graphical reporting tool has also been implemented. This makes it possible to produce relevant statistical summaries as well as cartographic outputs for users to directly integrate into their technical reports or scientific documents. The problem of landslide prediction is taken as a reference in Taiwan, but the same plugin can be used to perform regressions or classifications for any other phenomenon associated with (e.g.) digital soil mapping, wildfire and gully erosion modeling, land-use or tree species detection, etc.
Mapping AI’s Integration into Linguistics- A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis of ChatGPT’s Influence
Authors: Nafjan Eman Al , Mohammed Sarah
Published: January 2025

This study is a systematic and bibliometric analysis of research on artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, and large language models, focusing on the top fifty publications from high-impact linguistics journals indexed in Web of Science and Scopus. This study aims to identify and analyze the historical significance of ChatGPT’s release and its broader influence on linguistic research as a field. Through scientific mapping we examine research publications from before and after the launch of ChatGPT, analyzing how it presents in choice of topics and methodologies. The study presents a thematic review of articles published up to March 2024, categorizing them into major themes such as editorials, survey studies, translation research, and assessment methodologies. Through the use of Bibliometrix software, the research analyzes the geographical networks of articles, authorship collaborations, citations, and recurring keywords. The findings reveal the growing influence of artificial intelligence, particularly ChatGPT, on various subfields of linguistics, and demonstrate how AI technologies are being integrated into areas such as translation, language assessment, and educational practices. By mapping the trajectory of AI’s integration into linguistics, the study offers insights into future research directions, emphasizing the need to continuously assess AI’s impact on educational and linguistic practices.
The association of self-determination with student engagement moderated by teacher scaffolding in a project-based learning (PBL) case
Authors: Tirado-Morueta Ramón , Garrido Yolanda Ceada , Piña Antonio Javier Barragán , Gómez Juan Manuel Enrique , Márquez Jose Manuel Andújar
Published: January 2025

Few studies provide conceptual frameworks that help teachers make decisions about the scaffolding they will offer their students in project-based learning (PBL) processes. To address this deficiency, an adaptation of the motivational development self-system model was used and a PBL experience involving high school students who had to create an electric vehicle that used solar energy was analysed. Applying a multi-group analysis with structural equations, in general, it was observed that the continued support of the teacher in the project activities strengthened the association of students’ self-determination with their affective and cognitive engagement. The data suggest that scaffolding can compensate for deficits in self-efficacy, relationship and autonomy of the group of students. This study provides a model that can be validated in experimental investigations in which the level of self-determination of students is controlled.
Towards a New Ontology of Polling Inaccuracy: The Benefits of Conceiving of Elections as Heterogenous Phenomena for the Study of Pre-election Polling Error
Authors: Tudor Jack
Published: January 2025

A puzzle exists at the heart of pre-election polling. Despite continual methodological improvement and repeated attempts to identify and correct issues laid bare by misprediction, average polling accuracy has not notably improved since the conclusion of the Second World War. In this thesis, I contend that this is the result of a poll-level focus within the study of polling error that is both incommensurate with its evolution over time and the nature of the elections that polls seek to predict. I hold that differences between elections stand as a plausible source of polling error and situate them within a novel four-level model of sources of polling error. By establishing the heterogenous nature of elections as phenomena and its expected impact on polling error, I propose a new election-level ontology through which the inaccuracy of polls can be understood. I test the empirical validity of this new ontology by using a novel multi-level model to analyse error across the most expansive polling dataset assembled to date, encompassing 11,832in-campaign polls conducted in 497 elections across 83 countries, finding that membership within different elections meaningfully impacts polling error variation. With the empirical validity of my proposed ontology established, I engage in an exploratory analysis of its benefits, finding electoral characteristics to be useful in the prediction of polling error. Ultimately, I conclude that the adoption of a new, multi-level ontology of polling error centred on the importance of electoral heterogeneity not only offers a more comprehensive theoretical account of its sources than current understandings, but is also more specifically tailored to the reality of pre-election polling than existing alternatives. I also contend that it offers pronounced practical benefits, illuminating those circumstances in which polling error is likely to vary.
A ‘simple life’ as ‘good life’? Insights from Cuban and Ecuadorian return migration
Authors: Voirol Jérémie , Simoni Valerio
Published: January 2025

This article examines the moral deliberations and value-creation strategies of Cuban and Ecuadorian return migrants who question hegemonic views of migration and strive to re-imagine life in their homeland accordingly. The alternative paths they take challenge the analytical emphasis on economic progress and social and existential mobility in studies of migration. By reassessing notions of virtuous economic practice and activating moral repertoires outside the field of migration, returnees strive to carve out a ‘simple life’ that contests taken-for-granted assumptions about the goal of their movements and the features of a ‘good life’. The precariousness of such endeavors highlights the high stakes of returnees’ responses to migration-related expectations and pressures, namely the possibility to maintain meaningful relationships and cultivate a valuable social life.
The Effect of English Language and its Culture on the Identity and Culture of Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Alamri Asma Zuhair
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the influence of the English language and its cultural factors on the culture and identity that predispose EFL Saudi students towards learning English in Saudi Arabia from the point of view of EFL teachers. The researcher attempted to examine these factors from EFL teachers’ perspective by raising questions that examine how positive and negative these factors are and how they influence Saudi culture and identity. These cultural factors are globalization, westernization, Saudi teenagers' attitudes and beliefs towards foreign influence, motivation for learning a foreign language and culture, traveling, social media platforms, knowing the purpose of learning, and the need for communication in the English language as a requirement of a globalized world. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire as the main data-gathering tool. A total of 57 EFL teachers from Taif University, Saudi Arabia, participated in the survey. The analysis of the collected data showed the most influencing factors on the culture of Saudi Arabia upon learning English, the impact it has on the identity of Saudi youth, and the concerns of Saudi EFL teachers for preserving the identity and culture of Saudi future generations
The Impact of Teacher-generated Quizzes of Raz-Kids in Cultivating Primary School Students’ Reading Skills
Authors: Kara Saban
Published: January 2025

Many schools integrate technology into their curriculum to reap the benefits incessantly. Thanks to unprecedented technological breakthroughs, the popularity of e-books has increased significantly. As a result, the market for e-book apps has expanded exponentially. Although multiple studies have been conducted on the widely used reading program Raz-Kids, there has been no study regarding teacher-generated quizzes on Raz-Kids in Iraq. With this fact in mind, this study explored the effects of teacher-created quizzes on improving the reading skills of third-grade students during the fall and spring semesters of the 2023-2024 academic year. Forty-four students from a private international primary school in Iraq were selected via convenience sampling to represent one of the groups. The control group engaged with the books and answered standard quiz questions via the Raz-kids app. On the other hand, the experimental group studied the books and completed teacher-generated quizzes. The data were collected via reading examinations and surveys to be analyzed by either SPSS 29 or MAXQDA. Exams and surveys were used to compare students’ reading performance and analyse their perceptions in-depth. Quantitative data showed that students in the experimental group efficiently utilized teacher-created quizzes, resulting in exceptional performance in reading assessments. Moreover, composing balanced, coherent, engaging questions influenced students’ written and spoken English proficiency. Thus, the findings of this study may guide stakeholders seeking to include e-book applications in English classes.
Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in Vocabulary: A Study on Tishk Language Preparatory School Students
Authors: Kucuk Turgay , Daskan Adem
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the positive contribution of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) to students’ vocabulary learning and course grades in the language preparatory school of Tishk International University, Iraq. Future researchers in Iraq will find it helpful since there are so few case studies of this kind of study. In this context, control and experimental groups were created, and while the control group learned vocabulary with traditional methods, the experimental group applied vocabulary learning integrated with mobile devices. To obtain qualitative data, a pre-test was used at the beginning of the study, and a post-test was applied at the end of the six-week study. A semi-structured interview was also conducted with the students to support these documents. As a result of the six-week study, when the data obtained using SPSS-29 was examined, it was revealed that mobile-integrated vocabulary learning made a serious contribution to students’ vocabulary learning and, at the same time, provided significant support to student grades. While positive opinions were generally received in the interview analysis, some concerns were observed, such as distracting the students’ attention. Based on all this data, it turns out that MALL substantially supports vocabulary learning and student grades when appropriately applied
Written Assignments and Generative Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Considerations for English Education Major Students at A’Sharqiyah University, Oman
Authors: Fakir Shafiqa Anwar , Marnaoui Safa , Al Anqodi Hamed Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This study aims to provide insight into the perceptions of English Education major students regarding the utilization of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in the completion of written assignments. This research employed both quantitative and descriptive qualitative designs. Quantitative data were obtained from closed-ended questionnaire items administered to 58 English Education major students, while qualitative data were collected from open-ended questionnaire questions. The results revealed that most students utilized GAI for written assignments; however, they did not consider it acceptable to rely on GAI entirely. The majority did not support banning GAI in educational contexts. The most frequent uses of GAI were to check grammar, improve vocabulary, and generate ideas. Additionally, almost half of the participants believed that GAI hindered the development of their thinking and writing skills. The majority, however, agreed that GAI assisted their learning. Students’ opinions were equally divided on whether using GAI improved their grades or not. Based on these findings, suggestions and recommendations are provided.
ANALISIS SISTEM PEMBERIAN KREDIT PEMBIAYAAN MULTIGUNA DI PT MANDALA MULTIFINANCE TBK CABANG SAUMLAKI
Authors: Batlolone Ayuni
Published: January 2025

Ayuni Debora Batlolone : Analisis Sistem Pemberian Kredit Pembiayaan Multiguna di PT Mandala Multifinance Tbk Cabang Saumlaki 2024.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskritif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah PT Mandala Multifinance Tbk Cabang Saumlaki. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem pemberian kredit pembiayaan multiguna PT Mandala Mutifinance Tbk Cabang Saumlaki. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian sistem pemberian kredit yang ada pada PT Mandala dalam menggunakan aplikasi untuk mengajukan kredit multiguna dengan prinsip dasar 5C ( Character, Capasity, Captital, Colletral Condition). Sistem pemberian kredit kepada calon nasabah menggunakan apliksi ManGo yang sudah terorganisir oleh pusat. Sistem tersebut akan secara otomatis memberikan notifikasi pengajuan oleh tim sales ke bagian operasional untuk melakukan pengecekan atau verivikasi calon nasabah yang selanjutnya akan ditugaskan ke bagian surveyot untuk disurvei. Sistem yang dilakukan oleh PT Mandala sangat baik dimana pembayaran kredit yang dilakukan oleh PT Mandala kepada nasabah dengan menggunakan sistem pembayaran Fisik, DK(Datang Kantor), dan pembayaran Bukti Tranfer.
EFEKTIVITAS SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP PERMINTAAN KMK UKM DI KOTA SAUMLAKI PADA PT BANK MANDIRI
Authors: Kore Linda
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh tingkat suku bunga terhadap permintaan Kredit Modal Kerja, dan Usaha Kecil Menengah (KMK UKM) pada PT.Bank Mandiri Cabang Saumlaki.Penelitian ini mendeskrisipkan tentang bagaimana peneliti menjelaskan seberapa besar pengaruh tingkat suku bunga terhadap permintaan kredit usaha rakyat (KUR), Kredit Usaha Mikro (KUM), dan Small Medium Enterprise (SME) pada PT. Bank Mandiri Cabang Saumlaki.
Marburg Virus: A comprehensive examination of a critical pathogen
Authors: Roy Bedanta , Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: January 2025

Marburg virus infection is a rare, severe zoonotic illness caused by the Marburg virus (MARV), with the primary reservoir being Egyptian fruit bats. Marburgviruses have reemerged on multiple occasions, resulting in a very high fatality ratio of up to 88% during the most significant outbreaks. MVD exhibits prominent clinical signs and symptoms such as haemorrhagic fever, coagulopathies, multi-organ failure in the affected individuals. This review provides insight into the MVD structure, genomic organisation, replication, clinical manifestations, and special emphasis on the available treatment strategies. Although no specific therapeutic interventions exist for management, supportive care like fluid administration and treatment of specific symptoms can improve survival rates and clinical outcomes. T-705 Favipiravir blocks the influenza virus's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and suggests potential effectiveness in patients exhibiting lower viral loads. Remdesivir has shown efficacy in a study of MARV-infected Cynomolgus macaques; treatment improved clinical ratings, decreased plasma viral RNA, and boosted kidney and liver functions. BCX4430 Galidesivir showed 24-hour and 48-hour survival in animal groups after receiving the drug with no apparent toxicity and improved liver enzyme values.MARV can induce significantly more severe epidemics than previously thought. These widespread outbreaks had a remarkably high mortality rate throughout a large geographical region, presenting substantial challenges in the field of medicine. High fever, haemorrhagic manifestation, organ failure, and coma are the prominent clinical signs of MVD. Supportive care and volume resuscitation are fervently recommended. Monoclonal antibodies and antivirals like Remdesivir and Favipiravir are potential treatment options; however, Galidesivir and Favipiravir can also be used.
Effect of moderate intensity exercise on cardiovascular autonomic function in obese female adults of Western Nepal
Authors: Om Prakash Yadav  , Bhawana Neupane Pant  , Ashish Neupane
Published: January 2025

Background & Objectives: Obesity is a known risk factor for metabolic disorders such as high blood pressure, body fat abnormality, and glucose intolerance. In addition, obesity has been associated with dysregulation of autonomic function in humans, which may influence the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Being physically active has been proven to be a protective measure against CV diseases. Thus, this   study aimed to determine the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on CV modulation among obese females in the mid-western region of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: We screened 28 healthy subjects to study the correlation between exercise and CV reactivity (Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) modulated) in obese subjects. Anthropometric and autonomic function parameters were measured before and after the intervention of four months of aerobic exercise and analysed.
Results: The result showed a strong correlation of exercise with Resting Heart Rate (RHR) (p= 0.02), baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p= 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p =0.03 ). It also showed a significant correlation between exercise and CV reactivity change in SBP (p = 0.01) during the cold pressor test (CPT). However, some variables like change in DBP during CPT did not have a significant correlation (p= 0.94 ) with exercise.
Conclusion: As obesity-related morbidity and mortality are burgeoning in our society, it is imperative to focus on exercise training to prevent and reverse CV neuropathy.  Relevant aerobic exercise intervention can serve as an excellent countermeasure for the prevention of CV disease (CVD) by CV autonomic modulation.
Outcome of routine histo-pathological examination of gallbladder specimen followed by Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal
Authors: Janardan Panthi  , Ravi Acharya  , Jeevan Adhikari  , Bishal Pokhrel
Published: January 2025

Background & Objectives: Gall bladder disease is the one of the commonest surgical diseases which is encountered in the surgical department. Gall bladder stone is the commonest pathological condition which affects the gallbladder. Gallbladder carcinoma is a rare but highly lethal malignancy. Gallbladder carcinoma is highly challenging for the health care professionals. This study evaluated the outcome of the routine histopathological examination of laparoscopic cholecystectomy specimens.
Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study, conducted on 209 patients, who had undergone cholecystectomy for the symptomatic cholecystitis at Gorkha Public Hospital Pvt Ltd, General Surgery Department from September 2023 to September 2024. After obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee, the data was retrieved from the hospital records.
Results: Of the 209 patients, 80.9% (n=169) were females. Amongst the various histopathological findings, chronic cholecystitis was the most prevalent (71.8%, n=150/209), which was followed by chronic cholecystitis with cholesterolosis (23.0%, n=48/209). All the pathological specimens represented benign conditions except for one which was a 50-years-old female diagnosed with adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion: Chronic cholecystitis was the commonest gallbladder pathology with females having higher preponderance for development. Studies are required to elicit further information in this important surgical entity.
Pulmonary Surfactant in Health and Disease: An Overview
Authors: Satyam Prakash  , Hem Shankar Yadav  , Om Prakash Yadav
Published: January 2025

Surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids, mainly dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPCC) and surfactant proteins (SP); SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. DPCC plays a crucial role in lowering the surface tension, while SPs provide immunity against invading pathogens. SPs also enhance the activity of phospholipids, aiding in the adsorption and spread of surfactants all over the alveolar surface. Surfactant production starts as early as 24 weeks of gestation in humans and peaks at about 36-38 weeks. The generation and secretion of lung surfactants are tightly regulated processes. Surfactant is synthesized by type II alveolar cells and stored in lamellar bodies. Following stimulation, these lamellar bodies combine with the cell membrane and release their content into the alveolar spaces. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a fatal disease that primarily occurs in premature infants, and is mainly caused by the absence or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. The alveoli collapse due to surfactant insufficiency impairs the gas exchange in RDS causing respiratory failure. One of the treatment options for RDS in preterm infants is surfactant replacement therapy (SRT), where exogenous surfactant preparations are given to replete the levels of surfactant in the lungs. Prophylactic corticosteroids given at about 24 to 34 weeks of gestation to the pregnant mother may prevent surfactant deficiency in babies as it hastens surfactant production. In this review, we have explored the role of surfactants in the normal functioning of the lungs and different disease conditions.
Anatomical variations detected in the arterial arches of the palm: A case report
Authors: Laxman Khanal  , Saroj Kumar Yadav
Published: January 2025

Background and objectives: The vascular anatomy of the hand, particularly the superficial palmar arch (SPA) and deep palmar arch (DPA), presents complex and variable patterns crucial for microsurgical interventions.
Presentation of case: We encountered a unique case during routine cadaveric dissection, an incomplete SPA in a male cadaver. The left upper extremity revealed atypical branching of the ulnar artery (UA), where the superficial branch lacked the typical connection to the radial artery, deviating from conventional SPA anatomy. The medial branch of UA served as a common trunk, supplying the common palmar digital artery and the digiti minimi artery. Additionally, origin of first common palmar digital artery from palmar metacarpal artery (branch of radial artery) instead from ulnar artery itself further distinguished this case.
Discussion: Incomplete SPA due to absence of connection between ulnar artery and superficial branch of radial artery is also reported by other studies with prevalence ranging from 3.6 % to 21.7%. Knowledge of this type of variation is significant for hand surgeries involving harvesting of the radial artery to prevent dangerous complications like ischemia and gangrene.
Conclusion: Understanding anatomical variations in hand vasculature is pivotal for surgical procedures. This case highlights the importance of thorough anatomical knowledge in clinical practice and surgical planning.
Surgical Management of Cholelithiasis, A Literature Review
Authors: Mishra Santosh , Dwivedi Prashant
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION Cholelithiasis, commonly called gallstone disease, represents a widespread medical condition characterized by various clinical manifestations, including biliary colic, cholecystitis, and other complications.
The article integrates ﬁndings from pivotal studies to thoroughly comprehend the prevailing surgical strategies, outcomes, and prospective advancements in the management of cholelithiasis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature search was done from Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medscape and a narrative analysis was performed using keywords cholelithiasis, surgical management.
RESULTS Surgical practices for managing cholelithiasis have evolved signiﬁcantly, placing a strong priority on less invasive techniques i.e. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Open cholecystectomy is still a crucial surgical option for patients with complicated illnesses such severe inﬂammation, cancer, or anatomical difﬁculties  that make laparoscopic procedures impractical. Lithotripsy and dissolution therapy are valuable options for CBDS management, especially for patients unﬁt for surgery.
CONCLUSION Surgical management especially laparoscopic cholecystectomy is gold standard for cholelithiasis in terms of hospital stay, surgery time, aesthetics, pain management and postoperative complications.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence In Research Writing: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Shah Santosh
Published: January 2025

Artiﬁcial Intelligence (AI) has made a signiﬁcant impact on healthcare and its inﬂuence in the domain of academic and research writing is no exception. AI tools are increasingly being  used  by  researchers,  academics,  and  writers  to enhance the  quality,  efﬁciency,  and  productivity of  their research writing process. However, the integration of AI raises both promising opportunities and pressing challenges, particularly  concerning  academic  integrity,  citation practices,  and  the  overall  writing  process. As AI  keeps improving, it has the potential to completely transform how research is written, making the process faster, more accurate, and more ethical. However, researchers need to be aware of the ethical concerns surrounding AI, such as bias in the data, lack of transparency, and changes to who owns the work. As AI technology gets better, researchers will likely work more closely with AI, opening up new possibilities and challenges in academic research.
An Analysis of Women Representation in Local Election 2022
Authors: Mallik Sabita Kumari
Published: January 2025

Women's participation in politics has historically been limited in Nepal due to deeply rooted traditional gender roles. Nonetheless, a number of strong women have broken through these expectations to become well-known authorities in their local communities. The incidents demonstrate that merely enacting legislation is insufficient to guarantee women's participation, ongoing oversight is required to guarantee the law's proper application. This study used a mixed research design, liberal and representative political science theory, and a descriptive and analytical approach that proved more effective in the context of the pragmatist philosophy. Women made up 40.95 percent of the elected representatives in the local elections held in 2017. In 2022, there was a marginal improvement as women made up 41.21 percent of all elected representatives. The finding reflects that the elections of 2022 present a wonderful opportunity to further advance women's representation in politics and build on the noteworthy achievements of 2017. This helps political parties run for office in addition to being good for social justice. Particularly those who have worked in local government for the previous four years, many women are keen to progress in their political careers. More women representation in public life seems like a good place to start when it comes to gender equality. As a result, improvement of women representation is seen in local elections. The Election Commission has taken steps to address the concerns expressed about women's participation in the electoral process, but its actions have lagged behind as the parties have taken advantage of loopholes.
Socio-Demographic Analysis of Children in Child Care Homes in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Nabin Chandra
Published: January 2025

The Nepali government established the National Council for Child Rights in 2018 to ensure children's rights and monitors 548 Child Care Homes (CCHs) in 46 districts. A study aims to explore the socio-demographic status of children in CCHs, identifying trends and demographic differences. Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, highlights the distress children experience when separated from their parents. Over 2.7 million children aged 0-17 live in care institutions globally, with 120 per 100,000 children. Factors like HIV/AIDS, natural disasters, and cultural differences influence placement. The National Plan Commission aims to make high-income countries responsible donors and participants in development. The study investigates child care home management and children's rights in 63 Nepalese Child Care Homes (CCHs) using a mixed model of qualitative and quantitative methods. Results show 47.1% are boys and 52.9% are girls, with the majority under 5 years old. Out of 2,121 children, 72.0% are orphans. Nepal's child care home numbers are decreasing due to government policies, with girls more likely to stay. Non-orphan children remain, with 72% double orphans, predominantly from Hindu families. The Nepali government should collaborate with nongovernmental organizations and academic institutions to develop a national child protection system.
Nepal in the SAARC Framework: Promoting Sovereignty and National Security
Authors: Paudel Santosh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Nepal's involvement in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) significantly shapes its foreign policy decisions, affecting its sovereignty and national security. This article thoroughly explores Nepal's role in SAARC, considering its history, current importance, and future implications. Using research methods backed by real evidence, it carefully examines how ideas like sovereignty and national security play out within SAARC, focusing on Nepal's stance and actions amidst changing regional circumstances. Through a detailed review of existing studies and relevant examples, the article identifies gaps in understanding and proposes research questions to fill those gaps effectively. Furthermore, it addresses the various challenges Nepal faces within the SAARC framework, suggesting ways to enhance its involvement while safeguarding its sovereignty and national security interests. The findings highlight Nepal's active participation in SAARC initiatives, such as trade agreements and disaster management frameworks, showcasing the organization as a platform for enhancing economic integration, connectivity, and regional stability. Additionally, the article reveals Nepal's strategic use of SAARC to balance its relationships with neighboring giants India and China, mitigating challenges to its sovereignty and security. Despite significant benefits, the research underscores the persistent obstacles posed by regional power dynamics, political instability, and trade imbalances. Ultimately, this article highlights the vital significance of Nepal's participation in SAARC, stressing its potential to promote stability and prosperity across South Asia.
112. BiblioCon 2024 in Hamburg. Ein Rückblick
Authors: Blumesberger Susanne , Brandtner Andreas , Novotny Gertraud , Seyffertitz Thomas , Stumpf Markus
Published: January 2025

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Pelatihan Dasar Pemasaran Digital Sebagai Upaya Memperluas Jaringan Pemasaran Produk Pertanian Kelompok Tani Desa Sidomulyo Kabupaten Mojokerto Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Rijanto Achmad , Rahayuningsih Suesthi , Ardiantoro Luki
Published: January 2025

Seno hamlet, Sidomulyo village, Mojokerto regency, East Java province. The problem faced by the partners was the lack of knowledge and skills regarding digital marketing for agricultural products. So far, marketing of the partners' agricultural products has mostly been done through word of mouth, resulting in a limited marketing reach primarily around Sidomulyo village in Mojokerto regency. This has led to slow sales growth for the partners' agricultural products. The solution implemented was to provide knowledge and skills to the partners about the fundamentals of digital marketing for agricultural products. The aim of this community service activity was to enhance the knowledge and skills of the partners regarding the basics of digital marketing, enabling them to market their agricultural products more widely through digital media. The method used involves providing knowledge and skills to the partners about the fundamentals of digital marketing for agricultural products in the form of training, as well as evaluating the level of knowledge and skills of the training participants. This method was carried out through lectures, discussions, and practical sessions. The results of this community service activity show that 10% of the training participants have excellent knowledge and skills in the fundamentals of digital marketing for agricultural products, 70% have good criteria, and 30% have fairly good criteria. From this community service activity, it can be concluded that this effort increases the number of farmer group members who have knowledge and skills regarding digital marketing for agricultural products.
PROHIBITION OF COLLECTIVE EXPULSION OF ALIENS UNDER THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Czepek Jakub J.
Published: January 2025

The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) refers to the issues regarding aliens and migration on numerous occasions. These cases concern, inter alia: illegal migration, deprivation of liberty of illegal migrants, conditions of their detention, illegal migrant minors, unaccompanied migrant minors, etc. The analysis of these issues involves numerous rights and freedoms enshrined in the Convention. However, there are only three provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) that do focus explicitly on aliens. Those guarantees include Article 16 (prohibition of restricting the public activity of aliens) and Article 4 of Protocol No 4 to the ECHR (prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens) and Article 1 of Protocol No 7 to the ECHR (procedural guarantees regarding the expulsion of aliens). Despite very few explicit references to ‘aliens’ in the Convention, the judicial achievements of the ECtHR in this area are extremely extensive, actually incomparable to other international mechanisms for the protection of individual rights and freedoms. ECtHR has wide jurisprudence concerning Articles 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 13 in this regard. Most of the issues concerning alleged violations of those provisions were subjected to analysis. However, the very provision which clearly focuses on the prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens is often omitted or treated as ‘secondary’ provision in this regard. The main aim of this article is to focus solely on Article 4 of Protocol No 4 to the ECHR and its role in the process of protecting the rights of aliens within the European Paradigm of their protection. The article will also seek to examine the current application of this provision.