bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐confirmation strivings in depression: An extension to the affective domain using an experimental design
Authors: Rehman Uzma S. , Ebel‐Lam Anna , Mortimer Amanda , Mark Kristen
Published: July 2009

The purpose of the present study was to compare the emotional reactions of depressed and nondepressed individuals to experiences of romantic rejection versus acceptance. We tested our hypotheses in a sample of 28 depressed and 43 nondepressed undergraduate students. In support of self‐consistency theories, the results showed that depressed individuals reported significantly greater negative mood in the romantic acceptance versus rejection condition, while there was no significant difference across the two conditions in the self‐reported mood of nondepressed individuals. Further, symptoms of anxiety mediated the interactive effects of depression status and rejection status on mood. Our findings demonstrate how the responses of depressed individuals to interpersonal feedback contribute to their affective disturbance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic rehabilitation performance of steel side plate moment connections
Authors: Chou Chung‐Che , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Wang Yuang‐Yu , Jao Chih‐Kai
Published: July 2009

Moment connections in an existing steel building located in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were rehabilitated to satisfy seismic requirements based on the 2005 AISC seismic provisions. Construction of the building was ceased in 1996 due to financial difficulties and was recommenced in 2007 with enhanced connection performance. Steel moment connections in the existing building were constructed by groove welding the beam flanges and bolting the beam web to the column. Four moment connections, two from the existing steel building, were cyclically tested. A non‐rehabilitated moment connection with bolted web‐welded flanges was tested as a benchmark. Three moment connections rehabilitated by welding full‐depth side plates between the column face and beam flange inner side were tested to validate the rehabilitation performance. Test results revealed that (1) the non‐rehabilitated existing moment connection made by in situ welding process prior to 1996 had similar deformation capacity as contemporary connection specimens made by laboratory welding process, (2) all rehabilitated moment connections exhibited excellent performance, exceeding a 4% drift without fractures of beam flange groove‐welded joints, and (3) presence of the full‐depth side plates effectively reduced beam flange tensile strain near the column face by almost half compared with the non‐rehabilitated moment connection. The connection specimens were also modeled using the non‐linear finite element computer program ABAQUS to further confirm the effectiveness of the side plate in transferring beam moments to the column and to investigate potential sources of connection failure. A design procedure was made based on experimental and analytical studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: An experimental investigation
Authors: Bothara Jitendra K. , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Mander John B.
Published: July 2009

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to investigate the seismic performance of a two storey brick masonry house with one room in each floor. A half‐scale building constructed using single wythe clay brick masonry laid in cement sand mortar and a conventional timber floor and timber roof clad with clay tiles was tested under earthquake ground motions on a shaking table, first in the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse direction. In each direction, the building was subjected to different ground motions with gradually increasing intensity. Dynamic properties of the system were assessed through white‐noise tests after each ground motion. The building suffered increasing levels of damage as the excitations became more severe. The damage ranged from cracking to global/local rocking of different piers and partial out‐of‐plane failure of the walls. Nevertheless, the building did not collapse under base excitations with peak ground acceleration up to 0.8g. General behaviour of the tested building model during the tests is discussed, and fragility curves are developed for unreinforced masonry buildings based on the experimental results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on two upwind strategies for RBF‐based grid‐free schemes to solve steady convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Sanyasiraju Y. V. S. S. , Chandhini G.
Published: July 2009

In this paper, two radial basis function (RBF)‐based local grid‐free upwind schemes have been discussed for convection–diffusion equations. The schemes have been validated over some convection–diffusion problems with sharp boundary layers. It is found that one of the upwind schemes realizes the boundary layers more accurately than the rest. Comparisons with the analytical solutions demonstrate that the local RBF grid‐free upwind schemes based on the exact velocity direction are stable and produce accurate results on domains discretized even with scattered distribution of nodal points. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief cognitive screening instruments: an update
Authors: Ismail Zahinoor , Rajji Tarek K. , Shulman Kenneth I.
Published: July 2009

Objective

To review the recent literature on cognitive screening with a focus on brief screening methods in primary care as well as geriatric services.

Design

The Medline search engine was utilized using the keyword search terms ‘cognitive screening’, ‘cognitive assessment’, and ‘dementia screening’ limiting articles to those published in English since 1998.

Results

679 abstracts were retrieved. Articles focusing on attitudes toward cognitive screening, current screening practices, promising new instruments and more recent updates contributing significant information on established instruments were retrieved and incorporated into this review. Reference lists were reviewed for relevant contributing articles. Instruments recommended from previous reviews of cognitive screening and those identified in surveys as most frequently used in primary care and geriatric settings were emphasized in this review.

Conclusions

Dementia remains under‐diagnosed in the elderly population. Despite significant limitations, the Mini Mental State Exam remains the most frequently used cognitive screening instrument. Its best value in the community and primary care appears to be for the purpose of ruling out a diagnosis of dementia. Instruments such as the Mini‐Cog, Memory Impairment Screen (MIS), and the General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) have consistently been recognized for utility in primary care. The clock drawing test (CDT) and newer instruments such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) are gaining credibility due to improvements in sensitivity, addressing frontal/executive functioning, and decreasing susceptibility to cultural and educational biases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of an individualized functional training program on affective disturbances and functional skills in mild and moderate dementia—a randomized control trial
Authors: Lam Linda CW , Lui Victor WC , Luk Daisy NY , Chau Rachel , So Clifton , Poon Vickie , Tam Peter , Ching Raymond , Lo Henry , Chiu Julian , Fung Ada , Ko Flora SL
Published: July 2009

Objectives

We reported the findings of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effects of an individualized functional enhancement program (FEP) on functional skills and mood symptoms in mild and moderate dementia.

Subjects & Methods

74 Chinese older persons with dementia were recruited into a skills training program by occupational therapists (OT). Thirty seven subjects were trained with an individualized selection of daily activities (FEP Intervention, I); 37 were trained with general occupational therapy (Control, C). The FEP comprised of twice weekly group sessions of skills training and problem solving using cognitive behavioral approach.

Results

At 1 month after completion of program, both I and C subjects showed an improvement in process skills of the assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS)(paired t‐tests, p < 0.05). At 4 months post‐program, the I group showed a further reduction of cornell scale for depression in dementia (CSDD) scores (paired t‐test, p = 0.02); Apathy improved at 1 month post‐training (p = 0.04), but deteriorated at 4 months (p = 0.01). Group differences in changes of mood and functional scores were not significant (ANVOCA, p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings suggested a potential benefit for individualized occupational therapy. It should be tailor made with individual needs and continued for sustained effectiveness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Support/services among family caregivers of persons with dementia—perceived importance and services received
Authors: Alwin Jenny , Öberg Birgitta , Krevers Barbro
Published: July 2009

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine what family caregivers of persons with dementia perceive as important types of support/services in relation to experienced negative impact (NI) due to the caregiver situation, and to investigate if caregivers receive the support/services perceived as important.

Method

The study was based on the Swedish part of the EUROFAMCARE project and included 110 caregivers of persons with dementia. Data were collected primarily through structured telephone interviews. The caregivers were divided into two groups, a higher NI group and a lower NI group, based on the NI scale from the COPE index.

Results

Getting information and having someone to talk to were perceived as very important types of support/services by the highest proportion of caregivers in both groups. Data indicated only one significant difference; a higher proportion of caregivers in the higher NI group reported being able to participate in activities outside of caring as very important. There was also an indication that a higher proportion of caregivers in the lower NI group perceived information about the disease as very important. Support/services perceived as important by the caregivers were received both to a high and a low degree.

Conclusion

The results from this study suggest that there is almost no difference between groups of caregivers experiencing higher and lower NI regarding their perception of what are important types of support/services. The caregivers rated different types of support/services within the areas of information, relief and counselling as very important. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot study of a three‐step diagnostic pathway for young and old patients with Parkinson's disease dementia: screen, test and then diagnose
Authors: Robben Sarah H. M. , Sleegers Monique J. M. , Dautzenberg Paul L. J. , van Bergen Floor S. , ter Bruggen Jan‐Pieter , Rikkert Marcel G. M. Olde
Published: July 2009

Objective

To pilot a three‐step diagnostic model for young and old patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).

Methods

Prospective investigator‐blinded study. We developed a screening questionnaire for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their caregivers. Further, patients were subjected to three screening instruments (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐revised (ACE‐R) and a detailed neuropsychological examination (NPE). Based on the NPE, patients were divided in a PD (without dementia) and a PDD‐group.

Results

Forty‐one PD patients, aged 37–94 years, participated in this study. Patients were divided in a young group, ≤65 (n = 22) and an old group >65 years (n = 19). In the young group (PDD, n = 5) the patient‐screening questionnaire predicted PDD with a sensitivity/specificity of 100.0%/94.1%; in the old group (PDD, n = 10) the proxy‐screening questionnaire predicted PDD with a sensitivity/specificity of 88.9%/66.7%. In the young group, ACE‐R had the largest Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.88 (0.70–1.00), in the old group MoCA (AUC 1.00). However, the three instruments did not differ significantly.

Conclusions

It seems feasible and efficient to use three consecutive diagnostic steps for PDD: (1) a screening questionnaire, (2) if positive: MoCA, FAB or ACE‐R as screening instrument and (3) if positive: a detailed NPE for diagnosing PDD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are abnormal premorbid personality traits associated with Alzheimer's disease? ‐ A case‐control study
Authors: Nicholas Helen , Moran Paul , Foy Catherine , Brown Richard G. , Lovestone Simon , Bryant Stephanie , Boothby Harry
Published: July 2009

Objective

To examine the association between premorbid personality traits, social networks and AD, using a case‐control design, and two informant‐based retrospective assessments of premorbid personality.

Methods

Cases consisted of 217 Subjects diagnosed with probable late onset Alzheimer's disease (160 females and 57 males). Recruitment was from both community and nursing home settings. Controls consisted of 76 unaffected siblings (44 females and 32 males) of patients with AD. Both cases and controls received informant ratings of premorbid personality.

Results

A selection of abnormal personality traits were over represented in the AD group. AD was particularly associated with Cluster A personality disorder traits (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal). AD cases had correspondingly sparser social networks.

Conclusions

There is an association between abnormal personality traits and AD. Individuals with AD also appear to have had lower levels of social interactivity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health status and suicide in the second half of life
Authors: Conwell Yeates , Duberstein Paul R. , Hirsch Jameson K. , Conner Kenneth R. , Eberly Shirley , Caine Eric D.
Published: July 2009

Objective

To examine the associations of suicide in the second half of life with medical and psychiatric illness, functional limitations, and reported use of inpatient, ambulatory, and home health care services.

Method

A retrospective case‐control design was used to compare 86 people over age 50 years who died by suicide with a comparison group of 86 living community participants that were individually matched on age, gender, race, and county of residence.

Results

Suicide decedents had more Axis I diagnoses, including current mood and anxiety disorders, worse physical health status, and greater impairment in functional capacity. They were more likely to have required psychiatric treatment, medical, or surgical hospitalization in the last year, and visiting nurse or home health aide services. In a multivariate model, the presence of any active Axis I disorder and any impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) made independent contributions to suicide risk.

Conclusions

Mental illness, physical illness, and associated functional impairments represent domains of risk for suicide in this age group. In addition to individuals with psychiatric illness, those with severe or comorbid physical illness and functional disability who require inpatient and home care services should be targeted for screening and preventive interventions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model to predict the cost‐effectiveness of disease management programs
Authors: Gandjour Afschin
Published: July 2009

High costs and deficits in the care of patients with chronic diseases have triggered numerous programs to improve the quality and efficiency of treatment of chronic diseases. Decision makers need to estimate the impact of a disease management program (DMP) on long‐term costs and cost‐effectiveness in order to decide which programs to introduce. This prediction, however, requires formalizing the relations between a variety of variables. The purpose of this paper is to formalize these relations and develop a model that enhances the quality of predictions of the costs and cost‐effectiveness of a DMP. The model's cost function is able to portray a reduction both of treatment overuse and underuse by improving both physician and patient compliance. The model's applicability is demonstrated by a simulated DMP for patients with hypertension. The application example shows that implementation costs may have a larger financial impact than downstream costs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SCHIP premiums, enrollment, and expenditures: a two state, competing risk analysis
Authors: Marton James , Ketsche Patricia G. , Zhou Mei
Published: July 2009

Faced with state budget troubles, policymakers may introduce or increase State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) premiums for children in the highest program income eligibility categories. In this paper we compare the responses of SCHIP recipients in a state (Kentucky) that introduced SCHIP premiums for the first time at the end of 2003 with the responses of recipients in a state (Georgia) that increased existing SCHIP premiums in mid‐2004. We start with a theoretical examination of how these different policies create different changes to family budget constraints and produce somewhat different financial incentives for recipients. Next we empirically model the impact of these policies using a competing risk approach to differentiate exits due to transfers to other eligibility categories of public coverage from exiting the public health insurance system. In both states we find a short‐run increase in the likelihood that children transfer to lower‐ income eligibility/lower‐premium categories of SCHIP. We also find a short‐run increase in the rate at which children transfer from SCHIP to Medicaid in Kentucky, which is consistent with our theoretical model. These findings have important financial implications for state budgets, as the matching rates and premium levels are different for different eligibility categories of public coverage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling health and output at business cycle horizons for the USA
Authors: Narayan Paresh Kumar
Published: July 2009

In this paper we employ a theoretical framework – a simple macro model augmented with health – that draws guidance from the Keynesian view of business cycles to examine the relative importance of permanent and transitory shocks in explaining variations in health expenditure and output at business cycle horizons for the USA. The variance decomposition analysis of shocks reveals that at business cycle horizons permanent shocks explain the bulk of the variations in output, while transitory shocks explain the bulk of the variations in health expenditures. We undertake a shock decomposition analysis for private health expenditures versus public health expenditures and interestingly find that while transitory shocks are more important for private sector expenditures, permanent shocks dominate public health expenditures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent depression and educational attainment: results using sibling fixed effects
Authors: Fletcher Jason M.
Published: July 2009

This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between adolescent depression and educational attainment in several ways. First, while cross‐sectional data are normally used, this paper uses longitudinal data in order to defend against the potential of reverse causality. Second, this is the first paper in the literature to control for sibling‐fixed effects in examining the relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms and human capital accumulation. Importantly, this eliminates omitted factors such as family and neighborhood characteristics common to siblings that affect both depressive symptoms and educational attainments (e.g. neighborhood crime, and family resources). Third, this paper examines the effects of both an indicator and scale of depressive symptoms and finds important associations with these depressive symptoms and human capital accumulation. Though the results cannot be given a causal interpretation, the findings show a negative relationship between depressive symptoms and years of schooling. The relationship appears to be driven primarily through increasing the chances of dropping out but may have small impacts on the likelihood of college attendance (conditional on high school graduation). In particular, preferred estimates suggest that a standard deviation increase in depressive symptoms is associated with a 25–30% increase in the likelihood of dropping out. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective sleep, depression and anxiety: inter‐relationships in a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Mayers Andrew G. , Grabau Emma A. S. , Campbell Christine , Baldwin David S.
Published: July 2009

Objectives

Previous research confirms the interdependent relationship between poor sleep and depression, but has often focused on objective measures of sleep and overlooked the importance of subjective factors. Insomnia may be maintained by anxiety and perceptions of poor sleep timing, and depression is associated with poor sleep satisfaction, regardless of perceived sleep timing.

Methods

This study explored the contribution of current depression and anxiety to sleep perceptions. Participants (n = 98) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and questionnaires were used to evaluate current and previous psychiatric illness, sleep disorders and prescribed psychotropic medication.

Results

A series of ANOVAs and regression analyses indicated that variance in sleep timing perceptions was more likely to be explained by symptoms of anxiety than depression; explained variance (adj. R2) 25%, t = 2.361; p = 0.023. The analyses also showed that sleep satisfaction perceptions (adj. R2 = 20%, t = 3.085; p = 0.004), and those relating to overall quality of life (adj. R2 = 37%, t = −2.763; p = 0.013), were more likely to be explained by symptoms of depression.

Conclusions

These findings support the observation that anxiety appears related to poorer sleep timing perceptions, while depression appears associated with poor sleep satisfaction. Further research is needed to explore the factors that might maintain poor sleep satisfaction in depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The behaviour style observation system for young children predicts teacher‐reported externalizing behaviour in middle childhood
Authors: Martin‐Storey Alexa , Serbin Lisa A. , Stack Dale M. , Schwartzman Alex E.
Published: July 2009

The Behaviour Style Observation System for Young Children (BSOS) was used to predict preschool‐aged children's externalizing and internalizing behaviour problems in middle childhood, 3–5 years after the initial assessment. This observational measurement tool was designed to sample and assess young children's disruptive, non‐compliant, and unresponsive behaviour, during a brief (11 min) observation in the child's home. In the current study, the BSOS was used to predict parent and teacher ratings of child behaviour problems after school entry in a longitudinal sample (N=81) of at‐risk children at time 2. The BSOS predicted teacher‐reported externalizing problems at time 2. In contrast, parent reports of behaviour problems, although correlated with repeated parent reports at time 2, were not significantly predictive of teacher‐reported behaviour problems at school age. The BSOS was not associated with either parent or teacher reports of internalizing problems. These findings emphasize the importance and utility of using observational measures when examining the continuity of behaviour problems in young children over time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of ZIP8 down‐regulation in cadmium‐resistant metallothionein‐null cells
Authors: Fujishiro Hitomi , Okugaki Satomi , Kubota Keisuke , Fujiyama Tastuo , Miyataka Hideki , Himeno Seiichiro
Published: July 2009

The mechanisms of cellular cadmium uptake in mammalian cells remain obscure. To solve this problem, we established cadmium‐resistant cells (A7 and B5) from metallothionein‐null mouse cells, and found that cadmium accumulation was markedly suppressed in these cells. DNA microarray and real‐time PCR analyses revealed that expressions of ZIP (Zrt‐, Irt‐related protein) 8 and ZIP14 were down‐regulated in A7 and B5 cells. In particular, both mRNA and protein levels of ZIP8 were markedly suppressed in A7 and B5 cells. Introduction of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of ZIP8 into parental cells reduced the accumulation of cadmium to about 35% of that of mock‐transfected cells, whereas the introduction of shRNA of divalent metal transporter 1 hardly changed cadmium accumulation. Thus, the cadmium resistance in A7 and B5 cells may be conferred primarily by the down‐regulation of ZIP8. In mouse tissues, high expression of ZIP8 was noted in the liver, kidney, lung and testis. These data suggest that ZIP8 plays an important role in cellular uptake of cadmium. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of Gluconobacter oxydans catalyzing D‐lactic acid production by coupling of synthesis and separation
Authors: Gao Keliang , Zhang Siliang , Wei Dongzhi
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: Gluconobacter oxydans was applied for enantioselective oxidation of racemic‐1,2‐propanediol. Accumulation of product in the biotransformation reactor inhibited the activity and enantioselectivity of oxidative enzymes, and it also led to overproduction of lactaldehyde as an intermediate of incomplete oxidation. It was important to improve the enzymatic activity and ee value of the chiral product.

RESULTS: The coupling of biotransformation and separation was studied with an in situ product removal method. Anion exchange resin was applied to remove D‐lactic acid on line. The ee value achieved was 95% and product yield increased by 50%, compared with the control result without coupling system.

CONCLUSION: Coupling of biotransformation and separation effectively decreased the free D‐lactic acid concentration in the system. Product inhibition of enzyme activity and enantioselectivity was reduced, and the ee value and product yield were improved. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
An overview of the mathematical modelling of liquid membrane separation processes in hollow fibre contactors
Authors: Bringas E , San Román MF , Irabien JA , Ortiz I
Published: July 2009

Liquid membranes have traditionally been employed for liquid/liquid mass transfer and have found applications in industrial, biomedical and analytical fields as well as in hydrometallurgical processes, wastewater treatment and remediation of polluted groundwater. However, in spite of the known advantages of liquid membranes, there are few examples of industrial application. The development of reliable mathematical models and design parameters (mass transport coefficients and equilibrium or kinetic parameters associated with the interfacial reactions) is a necessary step for design, cost estimation, process optimisation and scale‐up. This work reports an overview of the different approaches that have been proposed in the literature to the mathematical modelling of liquid membrane separation processes in hollow fibre contactors providing, at the same time, a useful guideline to characterise the mass transport phenomena and a tool for the optimal design and intensification of separation processes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of mechanical grinding on the mesoporosity of steam‐activated palm kernel shell activated carbons
Authors: Mak S.M. , Tey B.T. , Cheah K.Y. , Siew W.L. , Tan K.K.
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: Palm kernel shell activated carbon (OPSA) produced by steam gasification at high temperatures generally results in high surface areas of 1146 to 1600 m2 g−1, attributed to the high volume of micropores (0.43 to 0.56 cm3 g−1). The mesoporosity of naturally occurring activated carbons is observed to increase with decreasing particle size. Mechanical grinding was therefore performed to investigate its effect on the mesoporosity and microporosity of OPSA.

RESULTS: Mechanical grinding had a strong effect on mesopore volume and average pore diameter, with an increase in mesopore volume from 47 to 66% as particle size decreases. Interestingly, no significant effect on the micropore fraction was observed in ground OPSA particles.

CONCLUSIONS: The mechanically ground OPSA particles possessed dual adsorption capabilities due to the high microporosity and moderate mesoporosity contained in the structures. This results in interesting porosity behaviour of palm kernel shell activated carbons and the potential to provide materials of distinct sorption capacities with minimal treatment. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
On the consequences of placing amino groups at the TBP–DNA interface. Does TATA really matter?
Authors: Millán‐Pacheco César , Capistrán Víctor M , Pastor Nina
Published: July 2009

The TATA‐box binding protein (TBP) belongs to a family of structural proteins involved in transcription in eukaryotic cells. TBP binds in the minor groove of DNA and recognizes specifically the consensus sequence: 5′ TATAWAWR 3′ (W = A or T). Recent reports show that the TATA‐box is only present in 10% of all human polymerase II promoters. Therefore, TBP must bind frequently to low affinity DNA sequences, possibly with help of other transcription factors. In order to understand the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions that lead to the consensus sequence preferred by TBP, we use high resolution crystallographic structures of cognate TBP–DNA complexes as templates onto which 16 dinucleotide repeating sequence DNA oligomers were built. The binding free energy of each complex was calculated using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann Solvent Accessible (MM‐PBSA) approximation. Parsing of the free energy components allowed us to identify the most important contributions to sequence selectivity: DNA deformation and the interaction energy between TBP residues and DNA bases, as expected. Surprisingly, poor interaction energies lead to larger deformation costs, suggesting strategies to improve affinity and selectivity. Local analysis of the TBP–DNA interface allowed us to build interaction and deformation energy tables that were used, without the need to fit their relative weights, to predict successfully both the consensus sequence for TBP, and relative binding affinities for a collection of TATA box variants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural studies on aryl‐substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogues. Part I. Analysis of high‐resolution 1H, 13C NMR and 13C CP MAS spectra combined with GIAO‐DFT calculations
Authors: Bugaj Marta , Baran Piotr A. , Bernatowicz Piotr , Brożek Patrycja , Kamieńska‐Trela Krystyna , Krówczyński Adam , Kamieński Bohdan
Published: July 2009

A series of aryl‐substituted enaminoketones and their thio analogues in CDCl3 solution and in the solid state were studied by the use of high‐resolution 1H and 13C as well as 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR spectra in combination with gauge including atomic orbitals‐density functional theory (GIAO‐DFT) calculations performed at the B3PW91/6–311 + + G(d,p) level of theory using the B3PW91/6‐311 + + G(d,p)‐optimized geometries. The analysis of the 13C NMR spectra in solution was done by using the Incredible Natural Abundance DoublE QUAntum Transfer Experiment (INADEQUATE) technique, whereas trends observed in the 13C shielding constants, calculated for the compounds studied, were a great help in assigning most of the signals in the 13C CP MAS NMR spectra. It was established on the basis of the experimental and theoretical NMR data that both groups of compounds exist in the form of Z‐s‐Z‐s‐E isomers in CDCl3 solution as well as in the solid state, with the NH hydrogen atom involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This conclusion is in agreement with the fact that some of the compounds studied reveal liquid‐crystalline properties. Three‐bond H, H and C, H coupling constants measured in solution played a crucial role in the structure elucidation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Mobile IPv6 handover and authentication in wireless network with E‐HCF
Authors: Wei Anne , Wei GouZhi , Dupeyrat Gerard
Published: July 2009

Mobile IP allows a mobile node to maintain a continuous connectivity to the Internet when moving from one access point to another. However, due to the link switching delay and to Mobile IP handover operations, packets designated to mobile nodes can be delayed or lost during the handover period. Moreover, every time a new attach point is confirmed, the mobile node, its home agent and its corresponding node must be authenticated mutually. This paper presents a new control function called Extended Handover Control Function (E‐HCF) in order to improve handover performance and authentication in the context of Mobile IPv6 over wireless networks. With an analytical model and some OPNET simulations, we show in this paper that our solution allows provision of low latency, low packet loss and mutual authentication to the standard handover of Mobile IPv6. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid–structure interaction problems with strong added‐mass effect
Authors: Idelsohn S. R. , Del Pin F. , Rossi R. , Oñate E.
Published: July 2009

In this paper, the so‐called added‐mass effect is investigated from a different point of view of previous publications. The monolithic fluid–structure problem is partitioned using a static condensation of the velocity terms. Following this procedure the classical stabilized projection method for incompressible fluid flows is introduced. The procedure allows obtaining a new pressure segregated scheme for fluid–structure interaction problems, which has good convergent characteristics even for biomechanical application, where the added‐mass effect is strong. The procedure reveals its power when it is shown that the same projection technique must be implemented in staggered FSI methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast BE‐FE coupling scheme for partly immersed bodies
Authors: Brunner Dominik , Of Günther , Junge Michael , Steinbach Olaf , Gaul Lothar
Published: July 2009

Fluid–structure coupled problems are investigated to predict the vibro‐acoustic behavior of submerged bodies. The finite element method is applied for the structural part, whereas the boundary element method is used for the fluid domain. The focus of this paper is on partly immersed bodies. The fluid problem is favorably modeled by a half‐space formulation. This way, the Dirichlet boundary condition on the free fluid surface is incorporated by a half‐space fundamental solution. A fast multipole implementation is presented for the half‐space problem. In case of a high density of the fluid, the forces due to the acoustic pressure, which act on the structure, cannot be neglected. Thus, a strong coupling scheme is applied. An iterative solver is used to handle the coupled system. The efficiency of the proposed approach is discussed using a realistic model problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unconstrained plastering—Hexahedral mesh generation via advancing‐front geometry decomposition
Authors: Staten Matthew L. , Kerr Robert A. , Owen Steven J. , Blacker Ted D. , Stupazzini Marco , Shimada Kenji
Published: July 2009

The generation of all‐hexahedral finite element meshes has been an area of ongoing research for the past two decades and remains an open problem. Unconstrained plastering is a new method for generating all‐hexahedral finite element meshes on arbitrary volumetric geometries. Starting from an unmeshed volume boundary, unconstrained plastering generates the interior mesh topology without the constraints of a pre‐defined boundary mesh. Using advancing fronts, unconstrained plastering forms partially defined hexahedral dual sheets by decomposing the geometry into simple shapes, each of which can be meshed with simple meshing primitives. By breaking from the tradition of previous advancing‐front algorithms, which start from pre‐meshed boundary surfaces, unconstrained plastering demonstrates that for the tested geometries, high quality, boundary aligned, orientation insensitive, all‐hexahedral meshes can be generated automatically without pre‐meshing the boundary. Examples are given for meshes from both solid mechanics and geotechnical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implicit upwinding volume element method based on meshless radial basis function techniques for modelling transport phenomena
Authors: Orsini P. , Power H. , Morvan H. , Lees M.
Published: July 2009

This work presents a control volume (CV) method for transient transport problems where the cell surface fluxes are reconstructed using local interpolation functions that besides interpolating the nodal values of the field variable, also satisfies the governing equation at some auxiliary points in the interpolation stencils. The interpolation function relies on a Hermitian radial basis function (HRBF) meshless collocation approach to find the solution of auxiliary local boundary/initial value problems, that are solved using the same time‐integration scheme adopted to update the global CV solution. By the use of interpolation functions that approximate the governing equation a form of analytical upwinding scheme is achieved, without the need of using predefined interpolation stencils according to the magnitude and direction of the local advective velocity. In this way, the interpolation formula retains the desired information about the advective velocity field allowing the use of centrally defined stencils even in the cases of advective dominant problems. This new CV approach is referred to as the CV‐HRBF method. Two time‐stepping formulations are considered: a full implicit approach and the weighted Crank–Nicholson one. The implicit upwinding scheme, intrinsic to the proposed CV‐HRBF, is tested by solving a travelling front problem at the Péclet number equal to 500, 1000 and infinity; with the latter corresponding to a shock front. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical method is validated against one‐ and three‐dimensional reactive transport problems characterized by smooth solutions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disentangling the Harrisson archive to interpret the spatial and temporal distribution of vertebrate remains at Niah Caves, Sarawak
Authors: Piper P. J. , Rabett R. J.
Published: July 2009

During the 1950s and 1960s, excavations by the Sarawak Museum at Niah Cave in northwest Borneo produced an enormous archive of records and artefacts, including in excess of 750,000 macro‐ and micro‐vertebrate remains. The excellent state of preservation of the animal bone, dating from the Late Pleistocene (c. 40 kya) to as recently as c. 500 years ago had the potential to provide unparalleled zooarchaeological information about early hunter‐gatherer resource procurement, temporal changes in subsistence patterning, and the impact of peoples on the local and regional environment in Island Southeast Asia. However, the coarse‐grained methods of excavation employed during the original investigations and the sheer scale of the archaeological record and bone assemblages dissuaded many researchers from attempting to tackle the Niah archives. This paper outlines how important information on the nature of the archaeological record at Niah has now finally been extracted from the archive using a combination of zooarchaeological analysis and reference to the extensive archaeological records from the site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hunting in a tropical rainforest: evidence from the Terminal Pleistocene at Lobang Hangus, Niah Caves, Sarawak
Authors: Piper P. J. , Rabett R. J.
Published: July 2009

The Terminal Pleistocene zooarchaeological evidence from Lobang Hangus, an east‐facing entrance to the Niah Cave complex, provides unique insights into the hunting habits of the human inhabitants of this cave. The composition and structure of the vertebrate accumulation indicates that a variety of locally available terrestrial, arboreal and aquatic taxa were being exploited. The age structure of the principal predated species, the presence of bone points and evidence from modern rainforest hunting combine to suggest that some form of projectile weaponry as well as trapping technologies were probably being employed by the hunters at Niah before the end of the Pleistocene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raptor and owl bone from Niah Caves, Sarawak: identifications and morphological variation in the humerus and tarsometatarsus of selected raptors
Authors: Stimpson C. M.
Published: July 2009

This paper reports on the findings of a preliminary investigation of raptor (Accipitriformes) and owl (Strigiformes) bones recovered during the original archaeological investigations of the Niah Caves during the 1950s and 1960s. Observations of morphological characteristics that were utilised to distinguish humeri and tarsometatarsi of selected species are included. A total of 48 archaeological specimens were identified, representing five genera of Accipitridae (Order Accipitriformes) and two genera of Strigidae (Order Strigiformes). Forty‐four specimens were further identified to species (Accipitriformes, four species; Strigiformes, three species) including a Late Pleistocene record of the bathawk (Machieramphus alcinus) dated to 36 470 ± 250 (uncal.) bp. Modern representatives of all identified species have been recorded recently in Sarawak. The relevance of raptors and owls in the palaeoecological reconstruction of this site is discussed, and the potential role of these birds as taphonomic agents is considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perimortem trauma in the Atacama Desert and social violence during the late Formative period (2500–1700 years BP)
Authors: Standen V. G. , Arriaza B. T. , Santoro C. M. , Romero Á. , Rothhammer F.
Published: July 2009

This paper describes a case of a mass grave containing three naturally mummified adults with multiple traumas to the skeletal and soft tissues, buried in an isolated and informal grave in one of the valleys that traverses the Atacama Desert, north of Chile. These traumas do not appear to be indicative of post‐depositional alterations. Instead, we hypothesise that the observed marks correspond to lethal perimortem trauma, the result of acts of extreme violence brought to bear on the three individuals. Three radiocarbon dates from the site identify that the burial occurred circa 2000 BP in the Azapa Valley, which corresponds to an epoch of important cultural changes linked to the development of farming communities that broke away from an ancient marine hunter–gatherer cultural tradition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control problems with surfaces triggering jumps in the state variables
Authors: Seierstad Atle , Stabrun Sigve D.
Published: July 2009

By means of some simple examples from economics, we elucidate certain solution tools for the solution of optimal control problems where the system under study undergoes major changes when certain boundaries are crossed. The ‘major changes’ may be that the state jumps when crossing a boundary, or that the right‐hand side of the differential equation changes. Some theoretical results are also presented. In Appendix more or less sketchy proofs of these results are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vaccination guidelines for children with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation living in resource‐poor countries
Authors: Naqvi Ahmed , Fadoo Zehra , Alvi Saima
Published: July 2009

There is no consensus on the immunization guidelines for immunocompromised children. Some recommendations are, however, available for children living in developed countries. The spectrum of infectious diseases is different in resource‐poor countries. Vaccinations against some of these infections are not a part of the immunization schedule for children living in developed countries. We have tried to include vaccinations against diseases, which are still prevalent and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in resource‐poor countries. In these guidelines, the focus has been on the vaccine‐preventable diseases prevalent in Pakistan but the same can be applied to other resource‐poor countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:3–7. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Humoral immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, measles, and hemophilus influenzae type b in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and response to re‐vaccination
Authors: Zengin Emine , Sarper Nazan
Published: July 2009

Objective

Loss of immunity to previous vaccination and timing of re‐vaccination in children receiving chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunity to vaccine preventable diseases in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Procedure

Sixty‐one patients with ALL and 13 healthy siblings were enrolled. Three study groups included newly diagnosed patients (group 1), patients on maintenance chemotherapy (group 2), and patients that completed chemotherapy (group 3). Blood samples for baseline antibody titers were obtained from all the patients and controls. Patients in group 2 were vaccinated with diphtheria, tetanus, and hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Patients in group 3 and controls received the measles vaccine in addition to all the above vaccines. In groups 2 and 3, post‐vaccination antibody titers were also obtained.

Results

Patients and controls had no Hib vaccine during primary vaccination. After chemotherapy median antibody levels against diphtheria, tetanus, measles, and Hib were decreased but tetanus antibodies were still at the protective levels. Proportions of the patients with protective levels were 11.1%, 83.3%, 16.7%, and 16.7% for diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, and measles, respectively. Vaccination achieved protective antibody levels in 81%, 100%, 89.5%, and 70% of the patients for diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, and measles, respectively. Vaccine responses during maintenance were also satisfying.

Conclusion

We recommend re‐vaccination after 3 months of cessation of chemotherapy. Administration of Hib vaccine may be beneficial after the first 3 months of maintenance chemotherapy especially in children with no primary vaccination followed by a second booster dose after cessation of therapy to increase immunity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:967–972. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.