bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Left-Orderable 3-Manifold Groups
Authors: Dąbkowski Mieczysław K. , Przytycki Józef H. , Togha Amir A.
Published: December 2010

We show that several torsion free 3-manifold groups are not left-orderable. Our examples are groups of cyclic branched coverings of S3 branched along links. The figure eight knot provides simple nontrivial examples. The groups arising in these examples are known as Fibonacci groups which we show not to be left-orderable. Many other examples of non-orderable groups are obtained by taking 3-fold branched covers of S3 branched along various hyperbolic 2-bridge knots. The manifold obtained in such a way from the 52 knot is of special interest as it is conjectured to be the hyperbolic 3-manifold with the smallest volume.
On the Ranges of Bimodule Projections
Authors: Katavolos Aristides , Paulsen Vern I.
Published: December 2010

We develop a symbol calculus for normal bimodule maps over a masa that is the natural analogue of the Schur product theory. Using this calculus we are easily able to give a complete description of the ranges of contractive normal bimodule idempotents that avoids the theory of J*-algebras. We prove that if P is a normal bimodule idempotent and then P is a contraction. We finish with some attempts at extending the symbol calculus to non-normal maps.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Central Norm to Equal 2h in the Simple Continued Fraction Expansion of √2hc for Any Odd c > 1
Authors: Mollin R. A.
Published: December 2010

We look at the simple continued fraction expansion of √D for any D = 2hc where c > 1 is odd with a goal of determining necessary and sufficient conditions for the central norm (as determined by the infrastructure of the underlying real quadratic order therein) to be 2h. At the end of the paper, we also address the case where D = c is odd and the central norm of √D is equal to 2.
Geometry and Arithmetic of Certain Double Octic Calabi–Yau Manifolds
Authors: Cynk Sławomir , Meyer Christian
Published: December 2010

We study Calabi–Yau manifolds constructed as double coverings of ℙ3 branched along an octic surface. We give a list of 87 examples corresponding to arrangements of eight planes defined over ℚ. The Hodge numbers are computed for all examples. There are 10 rigid Calabi–Yau manifolds and 14 families with h1,2 = 1. The modularity conjecture is verified for all the rigid examples.
Non-Cohen–Macaulay Projective Monomial Curves with Positive h-Vector
Authors: de Quehen Victoria E. , Roberts Leslie G.
Published: December 2010

We find an infinite family of projective monomial curves all of which have h-vector with no negative values and are not Cohen–Macaulay.
Krull Dimension of Injective Modules Over Commutative Noetherian Rings
Authors: Smith Patrick F.
Published: December 2010

Let R be a commutative Noetherian integral domain with field of fractions Q. Generalizing a forty-year-old theorem of E. Matlis, we prove that the R-module Q/R (or Q) has Krull dimension if and only if R is semilocal and one-dimensional. Moreover, if X is an injective module over a commutative Noetherian ring such that X has Krull dimension, then the Krull dimension of X is at most 1.
Enlarged Inclusion of Subdifferentials
Authors: Thibault Lionel , Zagrodny Dariusz
Published: December 2010

This paper studies the integration of inclusion of subdifferentials. Under various verifiable conditions, we obtain that if two proper lower semicontinuous functions f and g have the subdifferential of f included in the γ-enlargement of the subdifferential of g, then the difference of those functions is γ-Lipschitz over their effective domain.
On Pseudo-Frobenius Rings
Authors: Yousif Mohamed F. , Zhou Yiqiang , Zeyada Nasr
Published: December 2010

It is proved here that a ring R is right pseudo-Frobenius if and only if R is a right Kasch ring such that the second right singular ideal is injective.
On Non-Vanishing of Convolution of Dirichlet Series
Authors: Akbary Amir , Shahabi Shahab
Published: December 2010

We study the non-vanishing on the line Re(s) = 1 of the convolution series associated to two Dirichlet series in a certain class of Dirichlet series. The non-vanishing of various L-functions on the line Re(s) = 1 will be simple corollaries of our general theorems.
On Maps Preserving Products
Authors: Chebotar M. A. , Ke W.-F. , Lee P.-H. , Shiao L.-S.
Published: December 2010

Maps preserving certain algebraic properties of elements are often studied in Functional Analysis and Linear Algebra. The goal of this paper is to discuss the relationships among these problems from the ring-theoretic point of view.
Liouville's Theorem in the Radially Symmetric Case
Authors: Froese Richard
Published: December 2010

We present a very short proof of Liouville's theorem for solutions to a non-uniformly elliptic radially symmetric equation. The proof uses the Ricatti equation satisfied by the Dirichlet to Neumann map.
The Existence of Universal Inner Functions on the Unit Ball of ℂn
Authors: Gauthier P. M. , Xiao J.
Published: December 2010

It is shown that there exists an inner function I defined on the unit ball Bn of ℂn such that each function holomorphic on Bn and bounded by 1 can be approximated by “non-Euclidean translates” of I.
Exact Filling of Figures with the Derivatives of Smooth Mappings Between Banach Spaces
Authors: Azagra D. , Fabian M. , Jiménez-Sevilla M.
Published: December 2010

We establish sufficient conditions on the shape of a set A included in the space (X, Y ) of the n-linear symmetric mappings between Banach spaces X and Y , to ensure the existence of a Cn-smooth mapping f: X → Y, with bounded support, and such that f(n)(X) = A, provided that X admits a Cn-smooth bump with bounded n-th derivative and dens X = dens ℒn(X, Y ). For instance, when X is infinite-dimensional, every bounded connected and open set U containing the origin is the range of the n-th derivative of such amapping. The same holds true for the closure of U, provided that every point in the boundary of U is the end point of a path within U. In the finite-dimensional case, more restrictive conditions are required. We also study the Fréchet smooth case for mappings from ℝn to a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space and the Gâteaux smooth case for mappings defined on a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space and with values in a separable Banach space.
Angle Measures and Bisectors in Minkowski Planes
Authors: Düvelmeyer Nico
Published: December 2010

We prove that a Minkowski plane is Euclidean if and only if Busemann's or Glogovskij's definitions of angular bisectors coincide with a bisector defined by an angular measure in the sense of Brass. In addition, bisectors defined by the area measure coincide with bisectors defined by the circumference (arc length) measure if and only if the unit circle is an equiframed curve.
On the Error Term in Duke's Estimate for the Average Special Value of L-Functions
Authors: Ellenberg Jordan S.
Published: December 2010

Let be an orthonormal basis for weight 2 cusp forms of level N. We show that various weighted averages of special values L( f ⭙ χ, 1) over f ∈ are equal to 4πc +O(N–1+∊), where c is an explicit nonzero constant. A previous result of Duke gives an error term of O(N–1/2 log N).
The Ganea and Whitehead Variants of the Lusternik–Schnirelmann Category
Authors: Doeraene Jean-Paul , El Haouari Mohammed
Published: December 2010

The Lusternik–Schnirelmann category has been described in different ways. Two major ones, the first by Ganea, the second by Whitehead, are presented here with a number of variants. The equivalence of these variants relies on the axioms of Quillen's model category, but also sometimes on an additional axiom, the so-called “cube axiom”.
Embeddings and Duality Theorems for Weak Classical Lorentz Spaces
Authors: Gogatishvili Amiran , Pick Luboš
Published: December 2010

We characterize the weight functions u, v, w on (0,∞) such that

where

As an application we present a new simple characterization of the associate space to the space Γ∞(v), determined by the norm

where
PSL(2, 2n)-Extensions Over
Authors: Ledet Arne
Published: December 2010

We construct a one-parameter generic polynomial for PSL(2, 2n) over .
Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Two-Plane Grassmannians with Vanishing Lie Derivative
Authors: Suh Young Jin
Published: December 2010

In this paper we give a characterization of real hypersurfaces of type A in a complex two-plane Grassmannian G2(ℂm+2) which are tubes over totally geodesic G2(ℂm+1) in G2(ℂm+2) in terms of the vanishing Lie derivative of the shape operator A along the direction of the Reeb vector field ξ.
Comparison Geometry With L1-Norms of Ricci Curvature
Authors: Yun Jong-Gug
Published: December 2010

We investigate the geometry of manifolds with bounded Ricci curvature in L1-sense. In particular, we generalize the classical volume comparison theorem to our situation and obtain a generalized sphere theorem.
Another Proof of Totaro's Theorem on E8-Torsors
Authors: Chernousov Vladimir
Published: December 2010

We give a short proof of Totaro's theorem that every E8-torsor over a field k becomes trivial over a finite separable extension of k of degree dividing d(E8) = 26325.
The Ergodic Hilbert Transform for Admissible Processes
Authors: Çömez Doğan
Published: December 2010

It is shown that the ergodic Hilbert transform exists for a class of bounded symmetric admissible processes relative to invertible measure preserving transformations. This generalizes the well-known result on the existence of the ergodic Hilbert transform.
Approximation by Rational Mappings, via Homotopy Theory
Authors: Gauthier P. M. , Zeron E. S.
Published: December 2010

Continuous mappings defined from compact subsets K of complex Euclidean space ℂn into complex projective space ℙm are approximated by rational mappings. The fundamental tool employed is homotopy theory.
A Bernstein–Walsh Type Inequality and Applications
Authors: Neelon Tejinder
Published: December 2010

A Bernstein–Walsh type inequality forC∞functions of several variables is derived, which then is applied to obtain analogs and generalizations of the following classical theorems: (1) Bochnak– Siciak theorem: aC∞function on ℝnthat is real analytic on every line is real analytic; (2) Zorn–Lelong theorem: if a double power seriesF(x,y) converges on a set of lines of positive capacity thenF(x,y) is convergent; (3) Abhyankar–Moh–Sathaye theorem: the transfinite diameter of the convergence set of a divergent series is zero.
Correction to a Theorem on Total Positivity
Authors: Ragnarsson Carl Johan , Suen Wesley Wai , Wagner David G.
Published: December 2010

A well-known theorem states that iff(z) generates a PFrsequence then 1/f(–z) generates a PFrsequence. We give two counterexamples which show that this is not true, and give a correct version of the theorem. In the infinite limit the result is sound: iff(z) generates a PF sequence then 1/f(–z) generates a PF sequence.
Homotopy Equivalence and Groups of Measure-Preserving Homeomorphisms
Authors: Berlanga R.
Published: December 2010

It is shown that the group of compactly supported, measure-preserving homeomorphisms of a connected, second countable manifold is locally contractible in the direct limit topology. Furthermore, this group is weakly homotopically equivalent to the more general group of compactly supported homeomorphisms.
On the Principal Eigencurve of thep-Laplacian: Stability Phenomena
Authors: El Khalil Abdelouahed , El Manouni Said , Ouanan Mohammed
Published: December 2010

We show that each point of the principal eigencurve of the nonlinear problem

–Δpu– λm(x)|u|p–2u= μ|u|p–2uin Ω,

is stable (continuous) with respect to the exponentpvarying in (1,∞); we also prove some convergence results of the principal eigenfunctions corresponding.
Commutators Estimates on Triebel–Lizorkin Spaces
Authors: Jiang Liya , Jia Houyu , Xu Han
Published: December 2010

In this paper, we consider the behavior of the commutators of convolution operators on the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces .
Growth Spaces and Growth Norm Estimates for on Convex Domains of Finite Type
Authors: Cho Hong Rae
Published: December 2010

We consider the growth norm of a measurable function f defined by

where δD(z) denote the distance from z to ∂D. We prove some optimal growth norm estimates for on convex domains of finite type.
The Values of Modular Functions and Modular Forms
Authors: Choi So Young
Published: December 2010

Let Γ0be a Fuchsian group of the first kind of genus zero and Γ be a subgroup of Γ0of finite index of genus zero. We find universal recursive relations giving theqr-series coefficients ofj0by using those of theqhs-series ofj, wherejis the canonical Hauptmodul for Γ andj0is a Hauptmodul for Γ0without zeros on the complex upper half plane(hereqℓ:=e2πiz/ℓ). We find universal recursive formulas forq-series coefficients of any modular form onin terms of those of the canonical Hauptmodul.
Measure Convex and Measure Extremal Sets
Authors: Dostál Petr , Lukeš Jaroslav , Spurný Jiří
Published: December 2010

We prove that convex sets are measure convex and extremal sets are measure extremal provided they are of low Borel complexity. We also present examples showing that the positive results cannot be strengthened.
On the Structure of the Full Lift for the Howe Correspondence of (Sp(n), O(V)) for Rank-One Reducibilities
Authors: Muić Goran
Published: December 2010

In this paper we determine the structure of the full lift for the Howe correspondence of (Sp(n), O(V)) for rank-one reducibilities.
Group Actions, Cyclic Coverings and Families of K3-Surfaces
Authors: Sarti Alessandra
Published: December 2010

In this paper we describe six pencils of K3-surfaces which have large Picard number (ρ = 19, 20) and each contains precisely five special fibers: four have A-D-E singularities and one is non-reduced. In particular, we characterize these surfaces as cyclic coverings of some K3-surfaces described in a recent paper by Barth and the author. In many cases, using 3-divisible sets, resp., 2-divisible sets, of rational curves and lattice theory, we describe explicitly the Picard lattices.
Polynomials for Kloosterman Sums
Authors: Gurak S.
Published: December 2010

Fix an integer m > 1, and set ζm = exp(2πi/m). Let denote the multiplicative inverse of x modulo m. The Kloosterman sums , satisfy the polynomial

where the sum and product are taken over a complete system of reduced residues modulo m. Here we give a natural factorization of fm(x), namely,

where σ runs through the square classes of the group of reduced residues modulo m. Questions concerning the explicit determination of the factors (or at least their beginning coefficients), their reducibility over the rational field Q and duplication among the factors are studied. The treatment is similar to what has been done for period polynomials for finite fields.
Classification of Finite Group-Frames and Super-Frames
Authors: Han Deguang
Published: December 2010

Given a finite group G, we examine the classification of all frame representations of G and the classification of all G-frames, i.e., frames induced by group representations of G. We show that the exact number of equivalence classes of G-frames and the exact number of frame representations can be explicitly calculated. We also discuss how to calculate the largest number L such that there exists an L-tuple of strongly disjoint G-frames.
Characterizations of Real Hypersurfaces in a Complex Space Form
Authors: Kim In-Bae , Kim Ki Hyun , Sohn Woon Ha
Published: December 2010

We study a real hypersurface M in a complex space form Mn(c), c ≠ 0, whose shape operator and structure tensor commute each other on the holomorphic distribution of M.
Simultaneous Approximation and Interpolation on Arakelian Sets
Authors: Nikolov Nikolai , Pflug Peter
Published: December 2010

We extend results of P. M. Gauthier, W. Hengartner and A. A. Nersesyan on simultaneous approximation and interpolation on Arakelian sets.
On the Coxeter Transformations for Tamari Posets
Authors: Chapoton Frédéric
Published: December 2010

A relation between the anticyclic structure of the dendriform operad and the Coxeter transformations in the Grothendieck groups of the derived categories of modules over the Tamari posets is obtained.
Spherical Space Forms: Homotopy Types and Self-Equivalences for the Group (ℤ/a ⋊ ℤ/b) × SL2 (p)
Authors: Golasiński Marek , Gonçalves Daciberg Lima
Published: December 2010

Let G = (ℤ/a ⋊ ℤ/b) × SL2(p), and let X(n) be an n-dimensional CW-complex of the homotopy type of an n-sphere. We study the automorphism group Aut(G) in order to compute the number of distinct homotopy types of spherical space forms with respect to free and cellular G-actions on all CW-complexes X(2dn − 1), where 2d is the period of G. The groups ε(X(2dn − 1)/μ) of self homotopy equivalences of space forms X(2dn − 1)/μ associated with free and cellular G-actions μ on X(2dn − 1) are determined as well.
On Lagrangian Catenoids
Authors: Blair David E.
Published: December 2010

Recently I. Castro and F.Urbano introduced the Lagrangian catenoid. Topologically, it is ℝ × Sn–1 and its induced metric is conformally flat, but not cylindrical. Their result is that if a Lagrangian minimal submanifold in ℂn is foliated by round (n – 1)-spheres, it is congruent to a Lagrangian catenoid. Here we study the question of conformally flat, minimal, Lagrangian submanifolds in ℂn. The general problem is formidable, but we first show that such a submanifold resembles a Lagrangian catenoid in that its Schouten tensor has an eigenvalue of multiplicity one. Then, restricting to the case of at most two eigenvalues, we show that the submanifold is either flat and totally geodesic or is homothetic to (a piece of) the Lagrangian catenoid.
Existence of Positive Solutions for Nonlinear Noncoercive Hemivariational Inequalities
Authors: Filippakis Michael E. , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S.
Published: December 2010

In this paper we investigate the existence of positive solutions for nonlinear elliptic problems driven by the p-Laplacian with a nonsmooth potential (hemivariational inequality). Under asymptotic conditions that make the Euler functional indefinite and incorporate in our framework the asymptotically linear problems, using a variational approach based on nonsmooth critical point theory, we obtain positive smooth solutions. Our analysis also leads naturally to multiplicity results.
Global Injectivity ofC1Maps of the Real Plane, Inseparable Leaves and the Palais–Smale Condition
Authors: Gutierrez C. , Jarque X. , Llibre J. , Teixeira M. A.
Published: December 2010

We study two sufficient conditions that imply global injectivity for aC1mapX: ℝ2→ ℝ2such that its Jacobian at any point of ℝ2is not zero. One is based on the notion of half-Reeb component and the other on the Palais–Smale condition. We improve the first condition using the notion of inseparable leaves. We provide a new proof of the sufficiency of the second condition. We prove that both conditions are not equivalent, more precisely we show that the Palais–Smale condition implies the nonexistence of inseparable leaves, but the converse is not true. Finally, we show that the Palais–Smale condition it is not a necessary condition for the global injectivity of the mapX.
A Short Proof of Affability for Certain Cantor Minimal ℤ2-Systems
Authors: Matui Hiroki
Published: December 2010

We will show that any extension of a product of two Cantor minimal ℤ-systems is affable in the sense of Giordano, Putnam and Skau.
A Künneth Theorem for p-Adic Groups
Authors: Raghuram A.
Published: December 2010

Let G1 and G2 be p-adic groups. We describe a decomposition of Ext-groups in the category of smooth representations of G1 × G2 in terms of Ext-groups for G1 and G2. We comment on for a supercuspidal representation π of a p-adic group G. We also consider an example of identifying the class, in a suitable Ext1, of a Jacquet module of certain representations of p-adic GL2n.
Concordance des nœuds de dimension 4
Authors: Blanloeil Vincent , Saeki Osamu
Published: December 2010

Nous démontrons que tous les plongements d’une variété compacte sans bord et simplement connexe de dimension quatre dans la sphère de dimension six sont concordants.
Asymptotic Existence of Resolvable Graph Designs
Authors: Dukes Peter , Ling Alan C. H.
Published: December 2010

Let v ≥ k ≥ 1 and λ ≥ 0 be integers. A block design BD(v, k, λ) is a collection of k-subsets of a v-set X in which every unordered pair of elements from X is contained in exactly λ elements of . More generally, for a fixed simple graph G, a graph design GD(v, G, λ) is a collection of graphs isomorphic to G with vertices in X such that every unordered pair of elements from X is an edge of exactly λ elements of . A famous result of Wilson says that for a fixed G and λ, there exists a GD(v, G, λ) for all sufficiently large v satisfying certain necessary conditions. A block (graph) design as above is resolvable if can be partitioned into partitions of (graphs whose vertex sets partition) X. Lu has shown asymptotic existence in v of resolvable BD(v, k, λ), yet for over twenty years the analogous problem for resolvable GD(v, G, λ) has remained open. In this paper, we settle asymptotic existence of resolvable graph designs.
Inverse Laplace Transforms Encountered in Hyperbolic Problems of Non-Stationary Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Iakovlev Serguei
Published: December 2010

The paper offers a study of the inverse Laplace transforms of the functions where In is the modified Bessel function of the first kind and r is a parameter. The present study is a continuation of the author's previous work on the singular behavior of the special case of the functions in question, r=1. The general case of r ∈ [0, 1] is addressed, and it is shown that the inverse Laplace transforms for such r exhibit significantly more complex behavior than their predecessors, even though they still only have two different types of points of discontinuity: singularities and finite discontinuities. The functions studied originate from non-stationary fluid-structure interaction, and as such are of interest to researchers working in the area.
Cohomological Dimension and Schreier's Formula in Galois Cohomology
Authors: Labute John , Lemire Nicole , Mináč Ján , Swallow John
Published: December 2010

Let p be a prime and F a field containing a primitive p-th root of unity. Then for n ∈ N, the cohomological dimension of the maximal pro-p-quotient G of the absolute Galois group of F is at most n if and only if the corestriction maps are surjective for all open subgroups H of index p. Using this result, we generalize Schreier's formula for .
Construction of Generalized Harish-Chandra Modules with Arbitrary Minimal -Type
Authors: Penkov Ivan , Zuckerman Gregg
Published: December 2010

Let be a semisimple complex Lie algebra and ⊂ be any algebraic subalgebra reductive in . For any simple finite dimensional -module V, we construct simple (, )-modules M with finite dimensional -isotypic components such that V is a -submodule of M and the Vogan norm of any simple -submodule V′ ⊂ M,V′ ≄ V, is greater than the Vogan norm of V. The (, )-modules M are subquotients of the fundamental series of (, )-modules.
On Weak* Kadec–Klee Norms
Authors: Rychtář Jan , Spurný Jiří
Published: December 2010

We present partial positive results supporting a conjecture that admitting an equivalent Lipschitz (or uniformly) weak* Kadec–Klee norm is a three space property.
Transformations and Colorings of Groups
Authors: Zelenyuk Yevhen , Zelenyuk Yuliya
Published: December 2010

Let G be a compact topological group and let f : G → G be a continuous transformation of G. Define f* : G → G by f*(x) = f (x–1)x and let μ = μG be Haar measure on G. Assume that H = Im f* is a subgroup of G and for every measurable C ⊆ H, μG(( f*)–1(C)) = μH(C). Then for every measurable C ⊆ G, there exist S ⊆ C and g ∈ G such that f (Sg–1) ⊆ Cg–1 and μ(S) ≥ (μ(C))2.
Major components of atmospheric organic aerosol in southern California as determined by hourly measurements of source marker compounds
Authors: Williams B. J. , Goldstein A. H. , Kreisberg N. M. , Hering S. V. , Worsnop D. R. , Ulbrich I. M. , Docherty K. S. , Jimenez J. L.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. We report the first hourly in-situ measurements of speciated organic aerosol (OA) composition in an urban environment. Field measurements were made in southern California at the University of California–Riverside during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosol at Riverside (SOAR), which included two separate measurement periods: a summer study (15 July–15 August) and a fall study (31 October–28 November). Hourly measurements of over 300 semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds were made using the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed on a subset of these compounds to identify major components contributing to submicron (i.e., PM1) OA at the site, as measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). PMF analysis was performed on an 11-day focus period in each season, representing average seasonal conditions during the summer and a period of urban influence during the fall. As a result of this analysis, we identify multiple types of primary and secondary OA (POA and SOA). Secondary sources contribute substantially to fine OA mass at Riverside, which commonly receives regional air masses that pass through metropolitan Los Angeles during the summer. Four individual summertime SOA components are defined, and when combined, they are estimated to contribute an average 88% of the total fine OA mass during summer afternoons according to PMF results. These sources appear to be mostly from the oxidation of anthropogenic precursor gases, with one SOA component having contributions from oxygenated biogenics. During the fall, three out of four aerosol components that contain SOA are inseparable from covarying primary emissions, and therefore we cannot estimate the fraction of total OA that is secondary in nature during the fall study. Identified primary OA components are attributed to vehicle emissions, food cooking, primary biogenics, and biomass burning aerosol. While a distinction between local and regional vehicle emissions is made, a combination of these two factors accounted for approximately 11% of observed submicron OA during both sampling periods. Food cooking operations contributed ~10% of submicron OA mass during the summer, but was not separable from SOA during the fall due to high covariance of sources. Biomass burning aerosol contributed a larger fraction of fine OA mass during the fall (~11%) than compared to summer (~7%). Primary biogenic aerosol was also identified during the summer, contributing ~1% of the OA, but not during the fall. While the contribution of both local and regional primary vehicle OA accounts for only ~11% of total OA during both seasons, gas-phase vehicle emissions likely create a substantial fraction of the observed SOA as a result of atmospheric processing.
Connecticut Competency-Based Point of Dispensing Worker Training Needs Assessment
Authors: Durante Amanda , Melchreit Richard , Sullivan Kristin , Degutis Linda
Published: December 2010

Objectives: In April 2006, Connecticut conducted an exercise that tested its ability to receive and dispense antibiotics from the Strategic National Stockpile. In conjunction with the exercise, a competency-based assessment was performed to determine the training needs of point of dispensing (POD) workers.

Methods: POD core competencies were developed by adapting existing preparedness materials. They were used to assess the training needs of more than 250 people who staffed a POD during the exercise. The assessment measured their confidence in their ability to perform 17 competency-based tasks.

Results: The vast majority needed training on 5 or fewer tasks, suggesting that they were fairly well trained. Pharmacists were particularly likely to need training on at least 5 tasks. Given their role in a POD operation, they should be a focus of further training. Almost one third of participants needed additional training on at least 1 of the 3 basic POD Incident Command System tasks. Additional training is also needed on competencies concerning POD safety and security, liability protections, and family preparedness. POD workers who are concerned about these matters may be less willing or able to staff a POD. People who participated in training both before and on the day of the exercise were best prepared to staff the POD, indicating that both types of training have value.

Conclusions: When compared with the competencies, POD workers possessed many of the necessary skills to staff a POD; however, training with emphasis on areas of weakness revealed by the assessment could improve willingness to report for duty and performance.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:306-311)
A Mild Catalytic Oxidation System: Ruthenium Porphyrin and 2,6‐DichloropyridineN‐Oxide Applied for Alkene Dihydroxylation
Authors: Hu Wen‐Xiang , Li Pei‐Rong , Jiang Gaoxi , Che Chi‐Ming , Chen Jian
Published: December 2010

A new method was developed to transform alkenes into three types of functional molecules, including epoxides, aldehydes and 1,2‐diols by using dichlororuthenium(IV)meso‐tetrakis(2,6‐dichlorophenyl)porphyrin [Ru(IV)(TDCPP)Cl2] as catalyst and 2,6‐dichloropyridineN‐oxide (Cl2pyNO) as the oxidant, in which the 1,2‐diols were affordedvia“one‐pot” reactions in moderate yields.
Synthesis of Amido‐N‐imidazolium Salts and their Applications as Ligands in Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions: Coupling of Hetero‐ aromatic Halides and the Synthesis of Milrinone and Irbesartan
Authors: Kumar Manian Rajesh , Park Kyungho , Lee Sunwoo
Published: December 2010

A new catalytic system based on palladium‐amido‐N‐heterocyclic carbenes for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of heteroaryl bromides is described. A variety of sterically bulky, amido‐N‐imidazolium salts were synthesized in high yields from the corresponding anilines. This catalytic system effectively promoted Suzuki–Miyaura couplings of heteroaryl bromides and chlorides with a range of boronic acids to give the corresponding aryl compounds in high yield. The yield was increased with increasing steric bulkiness of the substituted group. Especially, 1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3‐N‐(2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenylacetamido)imidazolium bromide (4bc) exhibited 850,000 TON in the coupling reaction of 2‐bromopyridine and phenylboronic acid. In addition, pharmaceutical compounds such as milrinone and irbesartan were synthesized via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using sterically bulky, amido‐N‐imidazolium salt (4bc) as a ligand.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 2‐Arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates: A New Efficient Route to 2‐Styrylmalonates
Authors: Chagarovskiy Alexey O. , Ivanova Olga A. , Rakhmankulov Eduard R. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya.
Published: December 2010

A facile efficient approach to the 2‐styrylmalonates via the Lewis acid‐catalyzed isomerization of 2‐arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates has been developed. The efficiency of this method was demonstrated for a representative series of such cyclopropanes. The isomerization proceeds chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselectively to afford E‐styrylmalonates in good yields.
Age and size at maturity in women: A norm of reaction?
Authors: Mcintyre Matthew H. , Kacerosky Pamela M.
Published: December 2010

Objectives:We present the first review and meta‐analysis of the association between adult stature and age at menarche over a broad range of human societies. We then outline possible biological explanations for observed empirical associations.

Methods:We analyzed the association between adult stature and age at menarche in 141 samples from published reports, including 35 samples for which the within‐sample association was also reported.

Results:Overall and in small‐scale societies, later age at menarche is associated with shorter adult stature. However, both between and within samples from industrialized societies, later age at menarche is associated with taller adult stature.

Conclusions:The pattern of associations between adult stature and age at menarche may be explicable as a norm of reaction that evolved according to predictions of life history theory. However, nonadaptive explanations are also plausible, especially for the positive association observed in industrialized societies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrical characterization of polyaniline‐based adhesive blends
Authors: Desvergne Sandra , Gasse Adrien , Pron Adam
Published: December 2010

Preparation and processing of conductive blends based on doped polyaniline (c‐PANI) or tetra‐aniline (c‐TANI) with epoxy resins is described. The dedoping of c‐PANI by the epoxy hardener, in the process of the blend curing, has been investigated by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. Classical amine hardeners lead to a quick increase of the blend resistivity during its processing, which can be correlated with the observed spectral features, characteristic of the deprotonation of c‐PANI. For these reasons, for further investigations, BF3‐amine complexes have been selected as curing agents. Using these hardeners and tuning the curing conditions (temperature and time), it is possible to obtain blends with resistivities down to 102 Ω·cm, depending on the type of the epoxy resin used. In general, resins with higher epoxy network densities give c‐PANI‐based blends of lower percolation thresholds. The effect of the c‐PANI processing solvent on the resistivity of the resulting blend is even more pronounced than the epoxy network density. In particular, blends processed from toluene show much higher resistivities than those processed from tetrahydrofuran (THF) of ethylacetate (EA). Above the percolation threshold, c‐TANI‐based epoxy blends show at least three orders of magnitude higher resistivities than their c‐PANI analogues. They are however technologically interesting, because they are not very sensitive to the processing/curing conditions and show lower percolation thresholds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Statistical quality control for ternary ordinal quality data
Authors: Bashkansky Emil , Gadrich Tamar
Published: December 2010

The paper considers various aspects of statistical quality control by means of sample data received on a ternary ordinal scale. A new method for evaluating quality level and dispersion, free of any latent numerical scale assumptions, is proposed. The emphasis is on working with large samples, which enable the statistical analysis, estimation and control by the use of approximate analytical expressions of these measures to be considerably simplified. Two complementary studies demonstrate the usage of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancements in solid acid catalysts for ecofriendly and economically viable synthesis of biodiesel
Authors: Sharma Yogesh C. , Singh Bhaskar , Korstad John
Published: December 2010

Solid acid (heterogeneous) catalysts have a unique advantage in esterification and transesterification reactions which enhances the use of high acid value oil to be used as feedstock for synthesis of biodiesel. Various solid acid catalysts such as resins, tungstated and sulfated zirconia, polyaniline sulfate, heteropolyacid, metal complexes, sulfated tin oxide, zeolite, acidic ionic liquid, and others have been explored as potential heterogeneous catalysts. The activity of the catalyst differs slightly resulting in moderate to high conversion and yield. The reuse of the solid catalyst is governed by their deactivation, poisoning, and the extent of leaching in the reaction medium. The applicability of these catalysts for synthesis of biodiesel along with their reusability aspect is discussed in this review. © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Estimating profitability of two biochar production scenarios: slow pyrolysis vs fast pyrolysis
Authors: Brown Tristan R. , Wright Mark M. , Brown Robert C.
Published: December 2010

We estimate the profitability of producing biochar from crop residue (corn stover) for two scenarios. The first employs slow pyrolysis to generate biochar and pyrolysis gas and has the advantage of high yields of char (as much as 40 wt‐%) but the disadvantage of producing a relatively low‐value energy product (pyrolysis gas of modest heating value). The second scenario employs fast pyrolysis to maximize production of bio‐oil with biochar and pyrolysis gas as lower‐yielding coproducts. The fast pyrolysis scenario produces a substantially higher value energy product than slow pyrolysis but at the cost of higher capital investment.

We calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) for each scenario as functions of cost of feedstock and projected revenues for the pyrolysis facility. The assumed price range for delivered biomass feedstock is $0 to $83 per metric ton. The assumed carbon offset value for biochar ranges from $20 per metric ton of biochar in 2015 to $60 in 2030.

The slow pyrolysis scenario in 2015 is not profitable at an assumed feedstock cost of $83 per metric ton. The fast pyrolysis scenario in 2015 yields 15% IRR with the same feedstock cost because gasoline refined from the bio‐oil provides revenues of $2.96 per gallon gasoline equivalent. By 2030, the value of biochar as a carbon offset is projected to increase to $60 per metric ton and the price of gasoline is expected to reach $3.70 per gallon, which would provide investors with an IRR of 26%. © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Estimated Distribution Functions of Electronic Redox Levels and the Rate of Chemical Reactions of Excess Electrons in Dielectric Liquids
Authors: Henglein A.
Published: December 2010

A crude estimate of the distributions of occupied and unoccupied electronic redox levels of the system s/es− and of various acceptor systems As/As− in n‐hexane was made (es−: solvated electron; s: unoccupied solvent trap). Expressions for the rate constants of reactions of solvated and mobile electrons em− in dielectric liquids are also given. These expressions are based on the assumption that electron reactions in solution are vertical attachment processes as in the gas phase.

The following conclusions can be drawn using these expressions and the estimated distribution functions of electronic redox levels:

The rate constant of reaction of excess electrons with an acceptor A should initially increase proportionally to the electron mobility μ (in various solvents with different mobilities) and at high μ values level‐off if the system As/As− has a broad distribution of unoccupied levels.

k may pass through a maximum with changing μ if the distribution of unoccupied levels of As/As− is concentrated at relatively high energies (acceptors that strongly change their atomic configuration upon electron attachment).

The temperature dependence of k should roughly correspond to the activation energy of the electron mobility in solvents of low mobility. In solvents of high electron mobility, a negative activation energy or a maximum of the rate constant at a certain temperature may occur if the acceptor system has a low density of states at the energy level of the mobile electron. All these effects have recently been observed by Beck and Thomas and Allen, Gangwer and Holroyd.

In the case of acceptors such as oxygen, whose redox potential is significantly more positive than that of s/es−, a relatively slow rate of reaction with excess electrons may be expected provided that the electron cannot be captured into a higher orbital of the product‐anion.

An upper limit of 0.45 eV of the difference in the redox potentials of the system s/es− and C12H/C12H− in tetramethylsilane was obtained. It is in agreement with the dissociation constant of the biphenyl anion (s + C6H → C6H + es−) which has recently been measured by Warman et al.
How people familiarize themselves with complex ecological concepts—anchoring of social representations of invasive non‐native species
Authors: Selge Sebastian , Fischer Anke
Published: December 2010

New terms and frameworks are constantly being incorporated into scientific and public discourses on the management of natural resources and the environment. The idea of invasive non‐native plant and animal species, i.e. of species that enter a new range and spread prolifically, is currently becoming part of the public discourse in Scotland. This constitutes a valuable opportunity to study how people engage with new scientific concepts. We analysed focus group and personal interview data to examine how participants (including the general public, conservation volunteers and scientists) familiarized themselves with the ecological concept of invasive non‐native species. Our analysis draws on the idea of anchoring in the formation of social representations, complemented by concepts from cognitive linguistics and conceptual blending, and defines anchoring as a process of information transfer from source to target domains. Our findings suggest that social representations of invasive non‐native species were constituted to a large degree by perceptions of species' detrimental impacts and the human role in and responsibility for the introduction process. By contrast, the non‐nativeness of a species was not relevant for participants from the general public and conservation volunteers. Three types of anchoring could be distinguished in our participants' discussions that differed with regard to the relations between source and target domain. Whereas participants from the general public and conservation volunteers used all three types of anchoring, scientists did not. The identification of different anchoring types also helped to explain incongruencies in the scientific discourse on invasive non‐native species, and has implications for public information campaigns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Sensitive, Label‐Free, Aptamer‐Based Biosensor Using a Gold Nanoparticle‐Initiated Chemiluminescence System
Authors: Qi Yingying , Li Baoxin
Published: December 2010

We report a label‐free, aptamer‐based chemiluminescent biosensor. The biosensor relies upon the catalytic activity of unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the luminol–H2O2 chemiluminescence (CL) reaction, and the interaction of unmodified AuNPs with the aptamer. The unmodified AuNPs can effectively differentiate unstructured and folded aptamer. The binding of the aptamer with the target can induce the AuNP aggregation in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, and after aggregation the catalytic activity of the AuNPs on the luminol–H2O2 CL reaction is greatly enhanced. During the assay, no covalent functionalization of the AuNPs or aptamer is required. The detection limit of thrombin was estimated to be as low as 26 fM, and the sensitivity was more than 4 orders of magnitude better than that of known AuNP‐based colorimetric methods for the detection of thrombin. This aptamer‐based biosensor offers the advantages of being simple, cheap, rapid, and sensitive
Dynamics Effects on an E2/E1cb Borderline Mechanism: Unimolecular Elimination of 2‐Aryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐R‐propanols
Authors: Itoh Shuhei , Yamataka Hiroshi
Published: December 2010

The mechanistic dichotomy between concerted E2 and stepwise E1cb of the base‐promoted elimination of 2‐aryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐R‐propanols was examined computationally at the HF, M05‐2X, and MP2 levels of theory. Optimizations of transition states (TSs) and reaction intermediates, and intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRC) calculations showed that there was a single reaction route for each substrate, and that the mechanism could be changed from E2 to E1cb by making a carbanion intermediate more stable through the introduction of electron‐withdrawing substituents. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that trajectories started at a single TS led directly to two product regions; the carbanion intermediate region in the E1cb mechanism, and the alkene product region in the E2 mechanism, through path bifurcation after the TS. The present system is a new example of bifurcation in reactions of closed‐shell molecules. The overall reaction mechanism changes dynamically from E2 to E1cb by a gradual change in the ratio of E2 and E1cb trajectories, rather than a path switch in concurrent pathways.
The Synthesis of (Z)‐Trisubstituted Allylic Alcohols by the Selective 1,4‐Hydrogenation of Dienol Esters: Improved Synthesis of (−)‐β‐Santalol
Authors: Fehr Charles , Magpantay Iris , Vuagnoux Magali , Dupau Philippe
Published: December 2010

(E)‐Trisubstituted allylic alcohols are commonly prepared from the corresponding (E)‐enals, themselves readily accessible by a simple aldol condensation reaction. We demonstrate that these very same (E)‐enals can be converted into (Z)‐trisubstituted allylic acetates (and thus alcohols) by a ruthenium‐catalyzed 1,4‐hydrogenation of the corresponding dienol acetates. This simple solution to a long‐lasting problem was applied to an industrially feasible synthesis of (−)‐β‐santalol.
Synthesis of nanozeolite sodalite from rice husk ash without organic additives
Authors: Ghasemi Zahra , Younesi Habibollah , Kazemian Hossein
Published: December 2010

Rice husks are an excellent source of high‐grade amorphous silica which can be extracted from rice husk ash by a suitable alkali solution. The aim of this study is to synthesise nanozeolite sodalite by a hydrothermal method with extracted silica from rice husk as an agricultural waste without organic additives. The effect of crystallisation time on the properties of final products was investigated and the synthesised zeolite was characterised by XRD, SEM, EDX, FT‐IR, and BET techniques. Results revealed the significant effects of crystallisation time on the structural properties of nanozeolite. Synthesis of sodalite nanocrystal with crystallite size ranging from 30 to 60 nm was achieved at 60°C and aging of 5 h, without any organic additive.

Le son de riz est une excellente source de silice amorphe de haute qualité qui peut être extraite des cendres de son de riz à l'aide d'une solution alcaline adaptée. L'objectif de la présente étude est de synthétiser les nanozéolites de sodalite au moyen d'une méthode hydrothermale, en extrayant, sans additifs organiques, de la silice à partir du son de riz (déchet agricole). L'effet du temps de cristallisation sur les propriétés des produits finaux a été étudié et la zéolite synthétisée a été analysée grâce aux techniques de DRX, MEB, EDX, FT‐IR, et BET. Les résultats ont révélé les effets significatifs du temps de cristallisation sur les propriétés structurelles des nanozéolites. La synthèse des nanocristaux de sodalite, avec une taille de cristallite allant de 30 à 60 nm, a été réalisée à une température de 60°C et après 5 heures, sans aucun additif organique. © 2010 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Transformation of rat intestinal epithelial cells by overexpression of Rab25 is microtubule dependent
Authors: Lapierre Lynne A. , Caldwell Cathy M. , Higginbotham James N. , Avant Kenya M. , Hall Janine , Daniel Beauchamp R. , Goldenring James R.
Published: December 2010

Little research has addressed the role of membrane trafficking and recycling in the regulation of the transformed phenotype of neoplastic cells. The small GTPase Rab25 is an epithelial‐specific modulator of membrane recycling. Recent studies have demonstrated that Rab25 expression is up‐regulated in a number of epithelial cancers and overexpression may increase the aggressive phenotype of certain cancers. We have utilized the nontransformed RIE cell line to examine the influence of Rab25 on transformation. Overexpression of Rab25 in RIE cells leads to morphological transformation as well as growth in soft agar, tumor formation in nude mice, disruption of integrin‐based focal adhesions, and alteration in modified microtubule subsets. Although the predominance of recent cancer research has focused on the manipulation of the actin‐based cytoskeleton, recycling trafficking relies on microtubules. Transformation of RIE cells through overexpression of Rab25, but not with H‐RasV12, was reversed by inhibitors of microtubule polymerization. These results suggest that up‐regulation of Rab25 in RIE cells leads to microtubule‐dependent transformation. Thus, depolymerization of microtubules may be a potent therapeutic target for cancer therapy through the reversal of the invasive phenotype of certain cancer cells. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.