bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CPW fed optically transparent ultrawideband fractal MIMO terahertz antenna with meshed ground plane
Authors: Singhal Sarthak
Published: October 2024

An optically transparent UWB antenna element and its two-element pattern diversity MIMO configurations are presented in this paper. Three iterations of the quarter elliptical coplanar waveguide ground plane, rectangular microstrip feedline, and octagonal annular rings make up the antenna element. By metal meshing the ground planes and loading the radiator with several octagonal slots, the optical transparency is improved. It has a maximal achieved gain of 6.78 dBi and operates with steady radiation characteristics over the frequency spectrum of 4.52–28.64 THz (145.48%). The dimensions of the antenna element are 18 × 20.5 μm2. A metallic stub is positioned between two identical antenna components that are positioned orthogonally to one another to create a two-element pattern diversity MIMO antenna arrangement. The MIMO antenna is 20.5 × 42.5 μm2 in total. Its impedance bandwidth is 23.72 THz for port 2 and 22.68 THz for port 1. Using a rectangular stub results in an intraport isolation of >19 dB. Between the two ports, the planes in the radiation patterns have switched places. The diversity performance characteristics, which are considerably below the permissible limitations, are as follows: ECC > 0.01, CCL < 0.3 b/s/Hz, DG ∼ 10, TARC < 0 dB, MEG ∼ −3 dB, and 1≤VSWR_MIMO≤2. Compared to previously published structures, the suggested antenna structures have the advantages of smaller dimensions, a larger bandwidth, and improved optical transparency.
Digital watermarking algorithm for QR code based on hybrid PSOGWO optimization
Authors: Han Yue , Lv Yuanjian , Wang Zhifang
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of digital media, QR codes have become widely used as an important medium for information transmission. However, this also presents serious security challenges, such as frequent image infringement and inevitable compression and scaling issues during data transfer. These challenges directly threaten the effectiveness and integrity of image information, and effective protection measures must be taken. Under this background, digital watermarking technology comes into being as an innovative method to enhance security. This paper presents an innovative Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Gray Wolf optimization (HPG) algorithm, which combines the advantages of PSO and overcomes the limitations of traditional GWO algorithm. The algorithm is further improved by using Bernoulli chaotic mapping and nonlinear convergence factor. The experiments focus on the global and local search balance of the algorithm and its ability to resist repeated scaling attacks. The results show that the nonlinear convergence factor of HPG algorithm slows down the iteration speed at the initial stage, strengthens the global search, and avoids falling into the local optimal. In the later stage, the iteration is accelerated to improve the local search speed and convergence efficiency, thus optimizing the performance of the algorithm and ensuring the safety and quality of image information. In addition, the algorithm has better performance in balancing imperceptibility and robustness of digital watermarking, and its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is higher. Even with many scaling iterations, the normalized correlation (NC) value is still close to 1. Compared with the existing typical algorithms, HPG algorithm is more robust to repeated scaling attacks.
Structural and electrical characterization of cadmium phosphate glasses doped with different concentration of sodium chloride
Authors: Assayed Ghada A I , Shaheen Adel A , Alsoud Ammar , Al-Bashaish Saleh R , Mousa Marwan S , Knápek Alexandr , Sobola Dinara
Published: October 2024

The electrical characteristics of cadmium phosphate glasses doped with varying concentrations of sodium chloride [Cd3(PO4)2]1-x[NaCl]x, where x = 0, 2, 4 ,6 mol.% NaCl, were investigated with respect to both dopant levels and temperature. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was employed, and impedance measurements were taken across the frequency spectrum from 102 Hz to 106 Hz. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The findings revealed a decrease in bulk resistance with increasing temperature and dopant concentration, indicating a rise in DC-conductivity and suggesting a semiconducting behavior in the material. Moreover, the activation energy values were noted to decrease as dopant concentration increased. Analysis of the AC-conductivity variation with frequency delineated two distinct regions: a low-frequency region where AC-conductivity increased with frequency, indicative of a "pumping force" effect aiding charge carrier movement through various conduction states, and a high-frequency region or frequency-independent zone signifying a transition towards a more ohmic behavior in the material. The study highlighted a decrease in both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with rising temperature and frequency across all dopant concentrations. Furthermore, the Reaction Coefficient "s" was found to be less than one, suggesting that the conduction mechanism can be elucidated in terms of the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model.
Sound transmission characteristics of piezoelectric metamaterial plates with resonant shunt circuits
Authors: Wu Chang , Xu Xiaomei , Wang Yiwei , Wang Weiwei
Published: October 2024

In this study, a comprehensive investigation is conducted into the sound transmission characteristics of piezoelectric metamaterial plates, which feature five distinct resonant shunt circuits. To begin with, the intrinsic equations that pertain to piezoelectric materials, along with their equivalent models under external circuit conditions are established. Subsequently, the sound transmission loss of the plate and its corresponding equivalent bending stiffness model are constructed. Five resonant shunt circuits are employed, encompassing a basic resonant shunt circuit, one with series/parallel capacitance, and another with series/parallel negative capacitance. Ultimately, the influence of these diverse shunt circuits and their respective parameters on the sound insulation capabilities of piezoelectric metamaterial plates is comprehensively calculated and analyzed. Research results show that the inductance and resistance within the resonant shunt circuit influence the sound transmission characteristics exhibited by the piezoelectric metamaterial plate. Irrespective of whether the capacitance is configured in parallel or series within the resonant shunt circuit, the low-frequency sound transmission loss of the piezoelectric metamaterial plate experiences a notable modification. The effect of negative capacitances in the resonant shunt circuit on the sound transmission loss of the plate exhibits a contrasting pattern compared to the influence of the capacitances within the resonant shunt circuit on the sound transmission loss.
Unveiling the influence of dopants on structural, defect chemistry, morphological and optical characteristics of NiO nanostructures
Authors: Kongbrailatpam Sur Sharma , Singh Kulwinder , Sharma Nandni , Sawini  , Das Pritam , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Mukul , Kumar Sanjeev , Ghotekar Suresh , Lokhande P E , Awasthi Shikha
Published: October 2024

In this paper, undoped and doped (Fe, Co and Fe-Co) nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures have been synthesized using co-precipitation method. Prepared samples were characterized for the structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrocopy (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Structural analysis confirmed the single cubic phase formation of undoped and doped samples. Defect chemistry showed that Fe-Co co-doped NiO possesses a lower density of defects than other samples. SEM results revealed the agglomeration of particles. EDS results confirmed the presence of Ni, O, Fe and Co in the respective undoped and doped samples. Optical analysis revealed the band edge shifts with the incorporation of dopants in the NiO crystal lattice confirmed the variation of band gap energy. Emission peaks were observed in the UV and visible regions. The Incorporation of dopants in the crystal lattice causes variation of emission centers. Surface oxygen vacancies and imperfections significantly impact the emission characteristics of NiO. Variable spectral response of NiO with dopant incorporation has potential for optoelectronic applications.
Bound states in the continuum in a dielectric metamaterial with symmetry breaking in two dimensions
Authors: Ding Linhui , Wang Ningning , Chen Leiming , Wang Weihua
Published: October 2024

Bound states in the continuum (BICs), since their ultra-high quality (Q)-factor to extremely enhance light matter interactions, have attracted extensive interest very recently. As a typical category, symmetry-protected BICs are predictive and easily manipulated by using structure’s symmetry. However, most of the studies focus only on the structures with symmetry breaking in one dimension, in which one BIC will emerge and exhibit an inverse square relationship to asymmetry parameter. The structures with symmetry breaking in two dimensions remain rather unexplored. We here propose a dielectric metamaterial made of a square lattice of disks with a small hole. As moving the hole away from the center, the in-plane inversion symmetry can be broken either in one dimension or in two dimensions. As usual, a symmetry-protected BIC dominated by magnetic dipole (MD) occurs in the first case. In the second case, symmetry-protected dual BICs arise, consisting of the usual MD-dominated BIC and a new electric dipole (ED)-dominated BIC that is in cross-polarization to incident wave. The new BIC possesses an even higher Q-factor, which can also be continuously tuned via the position of the hole. Besides the structural modulation, we show the polarization angle of incident wave will act as another degree of freedom for designing symmetry breaking in two dimensions, where the similar symmetry-protected dual BICs are observed as well. Our work provides an alternative scheme for engineering multiple BICs and improving Q-factor, which may pave the way for practical device applications.
Obtaining new soliton solutions of the fractional generalized perturbed KdV equation
Authors: Bayrakci Ugur , Demiray Seyma Tuluce , Yildirim Hüseyin
Published: October 2024

In this study, the fractional generalized perturbed KdV equation (gpKdV) with beta derivative is considered. The generalized exponential rational function method (GERFM) is applied to this equation for the first time in this study. Thus, dark soliton, bright soliton, singular soliton, mixed soliton, trigonometric function, rational trigonometric function, hyperbolic function and rational exponential function solutions of this fractional equation are obtained for the first time in this study. The 2D, 3D, and density plots, which effectively illustrate the behavior of these solitons, are shown for various values and specific ranges of the solutions.
Intergalactic Lyman-α haloes before reionization are detectable with JWST
Authors: Padmanabhan Hamsa , Loeb Abraham
Published: October 2024

TheJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST)recently reported a large population of UV luminous galaxies at high redshifts,z> 10, as well as Lyman-αemitting (LAE) galaxies out toz∼ 11. We use the observed UV luminosities along with a data-driven approach at lower redshifts to place constraints on the observability of the intergalactic Lyman-αintensity, scattered in the form of Loeb-Rybicki haloes, during the pre-reionization and reionization epochs (z∼ 9-16). We forecast the sensitivity and resolution required to detect these intergalactic haloes, finding that individual haloes with LAE luminosities > 1043ergs/s are detectable at a few sigma level atz≲ 9, while stacking of ∼ 10 haloes is expected to result in detections out toz∼ 16. Finding these haloes is expected to shed light on the neutral intergalactic hydrogen during cosmic reionization.
Extracting parity-violating gravitational waves from projected tidal force tensor in three dimensions
Authors: Okumura Teppei , Sasaki Misao
Published: October 2024

Gravitational waves (GWs) may be produced by various
mechanisms in the early universe. In particular, if parity is
violated, it may lead to the production of parity-violating GWs. In
this paper, we focus on GWs on the scale of the large-scale
structure. Since GWs induce tidal deformations of the shape of
galaxies, one can extract such GW signals by observing images of
galaxies in galaxy surveys. Conventionally the detection of such
signals is discussed by considering the three-dimensional power
spectra of the E/B-modes. Here, we develop a complementary new
technique to estimate the contribution of GWs to the tidal force
tensor field projected on the celestial sphere, which is a directly
observable quantity. We introduce two two-dimensional vector fields
constructed by taking the divergence and curl of the projected tidal
field in three dimensions. Their auto-correlation functions
naturally contain contributions of the scalar-type tidal field.
However, we find that the divergence of the curl of the projected
tidal field, which is a pseudo-scalar quantity, is free from the
scalar contribution and thus enables us to extract GW signals. We
also find that we can detect parity-violating signals in the GWs by
observing the nonzero cross-correlation between the divergence of
the projected tidal field and the curl of it. It roughly
corresponds to measuring the cross-power spectrum of E and
B-modes, but these are complementary to each other in the sense
that our estimator can be naturally defined locally in position
space. Finally we present expressions of the correlation functions
in the form of Fourier integrals, and discuss the properties of the
kernels specific to the GW case, which we call the overlap reduction
function, borrowing the terminology used in the pulsar timing array
experiments.
Automatic detection of epileptic seizure based on one dimensional cascaded convolutional autoencoder with adaptive window-thresholding
Authors: Timothy Aboyeji Sunday , Wang Xin , Chen Yan , Ahmad Ijaz , Li Lin , Liu Zhenzhen , Yao Chen , Zhao Guoru , Zhang Yu , Li Guanglin , Chen Shixiong
Published: October 2024

Objective. Identifying the seizure occurrence period (SOP) in extended EEG recordings is crucial for neurologists to diagnose seizures effectively. However, many existing computer-aided diagnosis systems for epileptic seizure detection (ESD) primarily focus on distinguishing between ictal and interictal states in EEG recordings. This focus has limited their application in clinical settings, as these systems typically rely on supervised learning approaches that require labeled data. Approach. To address this, our study introduces an unsupervised learning framework for ESD using a 1D- cascaded convolutional autoencoder (1D-CasCAE). In this approach, EEG recordings from selected patients in the CHB-MIT datasets are first segmented into 5 s epochs. Eight informative channels are chosen based on the correlation coefficient and Shannon entropy. The 1D-CasCAE is designed to autonomously learn the characteristic patterns of interictal (non-seizure) segments through downsampling and upsampling processes. The integration of adaptive thresholding and a moving window significantly enhances the model’s robustness, enabling it to accurately identify ictal segments in long EEG recordings. Main results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 1D-CasCAE effectively learns normal EEG signal patterns and efficiently detects anomalies (ictal segments) using reconstruction errors. When compared with other leading methods in anomaly detection, our model exhibits superior performance, as evidenced by its average Gmean, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and false positive rate scores of 98.00% ± 3.51%, 94.94% ± 6.92%, 99.60% ± 0.30%, 79.92% ± 13.56% and 0.0044 ± 0.0030 h−1 respectively for a typical patient in CHB-MIT datasets. Significance. The developed model framework can be employed in clinical settings, replacing the manual inspection process of EEG signals by neurologists. Furthermore, the proposed automated system can adapt to each patient’s SOP through the use of variable time windows for seizure detection.
Mechanical Properties of Natural Composites: Hemp Fiber and Polypropylene Resin
Authors: Pavani G , Shashidhar A
Published: October 2024

Natural composite is a material, formed by combining natural fibers, such as hemp or flax, with a synthetic matrix, often composed of polymers like Epoxy Resin, Polyester Resin, Polyethylene Resin, Polypropylene Resin and Polypropylene Resin. The natural fibers contribute strength and environmental sustainability, while the synthetic matrix enhances durability and structural integrity, resulting a versatile composite material for various applications and unique properties of both components for improved overall performance. These composites are considered as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional materials due to the renewable nature of hemp and the recyclability of polypropylene. The focus is on understanding how these materials behave when combined, with their mechanical properties and materials respond to applied forces for assessing their structural performance. In this research, computational analysis is done by using ANSYS 2024R1 software is to investigate the mechanical properties of the hemp fiber and polypropylene resin combine composite. The simulation involves setting up the virtual environment, applying boundary conditions, and running simulations to predict the behaviour of the composite material respond to applied forces. Although no manufacturing process is undertaken in this study, the computational analysis allows us to gain insights into how the materials might interact and perform in real-world applications.
Analysis of Intermetallic Alloy: A Comparative Examination of Electron Beam And Gas Tungsten Arc Welding For Copper-Stainless Steel Dissimilar Metal Joints
Authors: Rajendran Ajith Raj , Balguri Praveen Kumar , Belchada Rajesh , Krishnan Arun , Patil Ishwaragowda V , Salam Niaz A.
Published: October 2024

Dissimilar metal joints are critical areas of aerospace engineering as they demands the joining of materials with diverse properties to meet the requirements of aircrafts and spacecraft. Dissimilar metal joints enables the integration of materials with different mechanical, thermal and corrosive resistant properties and achieve light weight structures with less fuel consumption and enhance the overall performance of aircraft and spacecraft. But creating such a dissimilar joint is very challenging and require advanced welding techniques to ensure improved reliability and efficiency of these joints. During dissimilar metal joints an intermetallic alloy is formed which has to be free from oxides. Copper and Stainless steel joints have a wide range of application in aerospace industry specifically in heat exchangers and electrical connectors. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the dissimilar metal joints of Copper and Stainless Steel 304 made with a conventional Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Electron Beam Welding (EBW). GTAW is performed with and without filler in an open atmospheric environment whereas Electron Beam Welding is performed inside a vacuum chamber. The presence of fatigue cracks, voids and pores are analyzed using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope. EDX analysis is also performed to analyze the elemental composition in the intermetallic alloy formed during both welding methods.
Impact on pitting corrosion in Martensitic Stainless Steel: The Effect of Annealing Response
Authors: Vivek R , Ganeshkumar S , Dharanikumar S , Rameshbabu R , Balasubramani S , Vivek Anand A
Published: October 2024

The information reviewed for annealing technique exclusively depends on the temperature gradients. The predominant characteristics like hardenability of Martensitic structure improves the resistance for formation layer during quenching. This makes the substantiate layer of the materials to deceive the formation of oxides on surface and imparts the corrosion resistance. The Pitting corrosion – resistance equivalent (PRE = wt % Cr + 3.5wt % Mo + 15.7 wt % N) with the critical Pitting corrosion temperature, CPT as 17% from the 71°C to 88°C. The solution annealing methodology were carried out for the study of the CPT. The impact strength firmly evident to be maintained as the energy absorption equivalent to the increase in temperature and still in the brittle fashion for martensitic type of stainless steel. The layers formed during the quenching associates to this brittle fashion as per the literature report.
Materials for semiconductor nanowires in nanoscale photonic and electronic devices
Authors: Singh Pulkit , Singh Rajan , Cheeli Ashok Kumar , Sahitya Pinnamaraju , Rahul Sriram
Published: October 2024

Many aspects of civilization are impacted by electronic and optoelectronic equipment, including medical instruments, communications, computing, multimedia systems, and basic home appliances. the development of nanoscale devices has garnered significant attention due to the increasing demand for smaller, more powerful, and efficient systems across various industries. Nanoscale devices operate at the nanometer scale, typically involving structures and components with dimensions on the order of 1 to 100 nanometers. As a potent class of materials, semiconductor nanowires are creating a lot of new possibilities for innovative nanoscale photonic and electrical devices through carefully regulated development and organization. the exploration of electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices, along with integrated arrays, opens up a rich landscape of possibilities across various technological domains. This research not only pushes the boundaries of miniaturization but also paves the way for innovative applications in electronics, photonics, sensing, and emerging fields like quantum and neuromorphic computing that hold the potential for numerous applications in the future.
Mechanical characterization of kenaf natural fiber reinforced polymer composite with terminalia chebula filler
Authors: Babu Maram Suresh , Deva Kumar M.L.S
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the mechanical characterization of a novel composite material comprising Kenaf fiber reinforced epoxy polymer with Terminalia chebula filler. There is more interest in using natural fibres and bio-fillers in polymer composites due to the need for environmentally acceptable and sustainable products. Terminalia chebula, a bio-filler rich in phenolic compounds, is coupled with the high strength and low density of kenaf fibre composite to improve mechanical qualities and provide sustainability. This study investigates the effect of chemical treatment and the addition of filler on the tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite.
Characteristics Study of OLED Materials
Authors: Singh Rajan , Singh Pulkit , Sridhar B. , Kaushik G.
Published: October 2024

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are emerging as promising alternatives to conventional lighting and display technologies due to their unique properties and potential energy efficiency. This study conducts a comprehensive investigation into OLED materials, focusing on their optical, electrical, and structural characteristics. Through experimental analysis and theoretical modeling, the study delves into the performance and behaviour of various OLED materials, including organic semiconductors, charge transport layers, and emissive materials. Critical aspects such as charge carrier mobility, exciton formation, and device stability are examined to understand the mechanisms governing OLED operation. The findings offer valuable insights into optimizing OLED devices for applications ranging from consumer electronics to lighting and signage. This research contributes fundamental knowledge and practical guidelines for material selection, device fabrication, and performance assessment, thereby advancing OLED technology. The insights provided pave the way for future innovations in OLED materials and device design, potentially leading to improvements in efficiency, brightness, and longevity.
The Impact of Filler Made of Acacia Concinna Pods and Fiber Treatment on the Water Absorption Properties of Kenaf Fiber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Pachappareddy Chiranjeevi , Padhy Chinmaya Prasad , Pendyala Srinivas
Published: October 2024

Various research on kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (KFRPCs) hybridized with different filler materials have been carried out successfully in recent decades. However, there is still serious concern about their susceptibility to water absorption. The present study focuses on the water absorption properties of composites reinforced with kenaf fibers, which can have varying percentage filler additions and can be composed of fibres with or without chemical treatment. Kenaf fibres (treated and untreated), an epoxy polymer matrix, and different percentages of Acacia Concinna pod fillers (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used to fabricate the hybrid composites. A hand layup technique is used to fabricate neat hybrid composites. Later, composite samples are prepared as per the ASTM standard. The water absorption test was conducted by immersing the samples in distilled water for 15 days. After a twelfth day, the composite samples reached equilibrium and stopped absorbing water. According to the results of this investigation, treated fiber composites have a lower water intake character than untreated fiber composites. Although adding Acacia Concinna fillers improves mechanical characteristics, it slightly increases water absorption due to filler absorption.
Investigating the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AA 7075 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite with ZrO2 and Al2O3
Authors: Sudarsan D. , Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin A. , Raj Kumar S.
Published: October 2024

Modern materials for lightweight, high-strength applications in the automotive and aerospace industries have gained popularity as hybrid metal matrix composites. AA 7075 was chosen for the metal matrix in this study due to its superior castability, compatibility, and extensive use in the aerospace and automotive industries. The main reason zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) was used as one of the reinforcements was to take advantage of its unusual crystal structure. In addition, aluminium oxide (Al2O3) was chosen as a reinforcement due to its remarkable wear-resistant qualities. CNC technology was used to create test specimens once the composite was developed through casting. Micrograph studies, tensile strength tests, micro hardness tests, wear tests, and corrosion behaviour tests were among the several tests that were carried out. A maximum value of 82.9 at a 200kgf force was recorded during micro hardness tests using a Vickers micro hardness tester, which is a 70% increase over the parent alloy. A pin-on-disc Ducom wear test device was used for the wear testing, which showed a noticeable improvement in wear resistance compared to the ground alloy AA7075. ZrO2 and Al2O3’s outstanding tribological qualities are responsible for this enhancement. This study work successfully developed a hybrid metal matrix composite with excellent characteristics, providing improved performance for aerospace and automotive applications
Pseudocapacitive Materials: A Critical Examination of Terminological Perspectives
Authors: Velpula Vijaya Kumar , Sivaramakrishna Yechuri , Miriyala Ganesh , Geetha Yerramsetti
Published: October 2024

Numerous research and development initiatives have focused on improving pseudocapacitive materials and associated energy storage devices due to their well-known high capacitance and high-rate capabilities. The extensive use of nanomaterials in batteries, however, has recently allowed for the achievement of fast redox kinetics that are on par with pseudocapacitive materials. The main reason for this is that the nanoscale effects lead to shorter ion diffusion lengths and more surface or interface exposure. Since then, the line between “battery materials” and “pseudocapacitive materials” has become increasingly harder to draw. This review starts by looking at several ways that pseudocapacitive materials have been defined, how these definitions have changed over time, and how confused people have been as a result. A suggested technique that uses quantitative kinetics analysis in conjunction with electrochemical signatures such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) can distinguish between the battery and pseudocapacitive materials with high accuracy. Lastly, the review wraps up by delving into possible setups for asymmetric and hybrid supercapacitors. This review hopes that the differences between battery materials and pseudocapacitive materials will help to clear up any misunderstandings about what they are and how they differ.
Optimizing Ti6Al4V Alloy Wire Edm Parameters using Regression Analysis and Metaheuristic Algorithm
Authors: Jai Rajesh P , Balambica V. , Achudhan M.
Published: October 2024

This research is aiming to identify optimal WEDM parameters for Ti6Al4V alloy, which is a Ti-based alloy widely used in the aviation field, by using a combination of regression analysis and meta heuristic algorithms. The main task is to make the process of the WEDM more effective, which would mean that materials removing rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) would also be increased for Ti6Al4V alloy. The experimental setup procedure includes applying Charmilles Wire-EDM technique on Ti6Al4V material with brass wire electrode submerged in de-ionized water. To obtain the results there were whole series of experiments were conducted and the datasets was submitted to the regression methods. It finally turned out that the Random Forest regression model turned out to be the best one, with the largest R2 values for both MRR (0.8555) and SR (0.8887), thus showcasing its distinctive capabilities by the means of capturing the intricate cause-effect patterns within manufacturing process. Specifically, the data is processed by multiple meta-optimization algorithms including D-ORCA, PSO, Firefly, Cuckoo, MOTLBO, GWO and Salp Swarm which evolve at the same time for optimization. Among the three regression models, D-ORCA presented with the highest combined score to indicate its strongest suit in terms of finding the most suitable parameters for the WEDM process. Nevertheless, PSO and Firefly algorithms delivered a combination of optimized MRR and SR. Through this wider research aim is to enrich the existing understanding and practicability of WEDM technology for Ti6Al4V alloys and provide a new light to the optimization of output parameters to achieve a companion of optimized MRR and SR. By solving identified challenges from the available literature, this study comes in handy, not only in improving efficiency.
Exploring the Cytotoxic Effects of Rosemary and Ginger Formulation with Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Dental Floss: A Brine Shrimp Model Study.
Authors: Renganathan Sundar , Shenoy Amrutha , Ganapathy Dhanraj
Published: October 2024

The primary aim of this investigation was to assess the cytotoxic effects of a novel dental floss formulation integrating rosemary and ginger extracts, incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The study involved meticulous preparation of rosemary and ginger extracts through cold maceration and subsequent concentration using rotary evaporation. Concurrently, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a green synthesis approach. Subsequently, the formulated extracts were meticulously applied to dental floss utilising a precise spray-coating technique. The cytotoxicity assay was conducted using a brine shrimp lethality test, exposing varying concentrations of the coated dental floss extract exposed to brine shrimp larvae. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and post-hoc tests, was performed to assess concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects. ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean survival rates among concentration groups (P < 0.05). Notably, Tukey’s HSD test showing significant differences between the control group and the 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL groups (p < 0.05), indicating pronounced cytotoxic effects at these concentrations compared to the control. The study demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects of the novel dental floss formulation, particularly at concentrations of 40 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL. Further research is crucial to optimize concentration levels and understand long-term effects, advancing the safety of oral hygiene products and periodontal health post-dental crown cementation.
Investigation of various winglets using computational fluid dynamics for subsonic aircraft
Authors: Jayanth R , Sagar Chiraag M , Rajashekar T K , Arvind Raj G
Published: October 2024

The tiny, upturned, or downturned extensions at the tips of an aircraft’s wings are designated as winglets. By minimizing drag and improving fuel efficiency, they are introduced to increase the aircraft’s aerodynamic efficiency. Winglets are now a day’s employed in the commercial aircraft to minimise the induced effect caused by wing tip vortices produced at low subsonic speeds. In this article, we have selected NACA 2412, from which we have created a swept back wing with a 20-degree sweep angle that has eight distinct winglet configurations. SolidWorks 2023 is used for design work, and ANSYS 19.2 is used for analysis. The analysis is carried out by changing the angle of attack (AOA) from -6 degrees to 20 degrees with an incremental step of 2 degrees. Here, we have used the k-epsilon turbulence model to capture the turbulence and 100 m/s velocity is maintained throughout the analysis. From this analysis, a potential solution of aerodynamic co-efficient (lift, drag, cl, cd and cl/cd) are being observed. Blended winglet with cant angle 35 degrees produces high lift-to-drag ratio compared with another winglet configuration. The insights gained from the study are plotted in various graphs such as cl vs alpha, cd v/s alpha and cl/cd v/s alpha and the CFD results show a considerable improvement in aircraft’s performance after using winglets. Aluminium alloy’s high strength to weight ratio, robust corrosion resistance, enhanced conductivity, and outstanding ductility qualities will make it easier for us to manufacture winglets in the future.
Thermal Analysis of Cascade Refrigeration System Employing the Refrigerant Pair R23-R404A
Authors: Jagtap Narendra , Hatte Prafulla
Published: October 2024

In this study, a thermal analysis is conducted on a refrigeration cycle utilizing the refrigerant pair R23-R404A, specifically designed for ultra-low temperature applications reaching as low as -80°C. The study is motivated by the growing demand for ultra-low temperatures in applications such as automotive cold hardening and specialized electronic component testing. Our main goal is to select the appropriate refrigerant pair and carry out the detail thermal design calculations along with refrigeration component selection. The refrigerant selection approach describes the working envelopes for high stage along with low stage for efficient operation. The refrigerant selection process is a crucial focus, considering safety classifications for toxicity and flammability. R23 and R404A are chosen for their non-flammable properties and lower toxicity levels, making them suitable for ultra-low temperature industrial applications. The study outlines a systematic approach for designing, optimizing, and selecting components like compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator etc. and prioritizing efficiency in achieving optimal performance. The design methodology includes detailed analyses of cooling load calculations, thermodynamic equations, and key performance parameters. The research also addresses challenges in component selection, providing insights into potential hurdles and considerations.
Particles reinforcement via friction stir processing (FSP): A Review
Authors: Kumar Harikishor , Prasad Rabindra , Kumar Parshant , Bhanuprakash L
Published: October 2024

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a variant of friction stir welding (FSW) follows the same principle of operation as that of FSW; however, its purpose is very much different. FSP can be employed for the reinforcement of particulate filler in materials to form surface composites. FSP carries a tool of cylindrical shape with shoulder and pin. Being mounted with the spindle of the machine, it can rotate with high speed as well as exert vertical force and hence plunges the pin in to the materials. Heat originated due to friction softens the material beneath shoulder and as tool passed through ahead the material is processed and consolidated. During processing, materials experience severe deformation and mixing. Also, the temperature of the materials goes high significantly due to the synergetic effect of friction and plastic deformation. Due to the material mixing and thermo-mechanical nature, the process opens the door for the possible incorporation of second phase particles in the processed region. In this review, firstly processing/reinforcement approaches will be discussed which will be followed by effect of process parameters. After that, microstructure evolution and related mechanical properties will be discussed in detail. The synergism among process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties will also be discussed.
Multi-objective parametric modelling during wire-cut electric discharge machining of Incoloy 800H
Authors: Reddy Paturi Uma Maheshwera , Sahasra Bhojane Omkar Sunil , Reddy Goturi Sheshank , Vamshi Nudurupati Achintya , Nandan Konidhala , Reddy N.S.
Published: October 2024

Incoloy 800H exhibits exceptional resistance to corrosion in aqueous environments and demonstrates a strong resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. In this study, a multi-objective parametric optimization technique is used to model and optimize the process inputs and the response parameters during wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of Incoloy 800H. Statistical techniques, response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed for this purpose. The correlation coefficient is used to determine the accuracy of statistical model predictions based on experimental data. The results of statistical analysis demonstrate that the model predictions and experimental observations are in high agreement, with correlation coefficients of 0.9224 for surface roughness and 0.9968 for material removal rate (MRR). Thus, RSM helps in choosing the best input parameters, minimizing experimental trials, and enhancing process efficiency.
Exploration into assessing the mechanical characteristics of PETG pieces through the use of 3D printed material element tribology
Authors: Avinash Kapil Sk. , Harika Chowdary M. , Babji A. , Prabhuchand K. , Kumar Peyyala Pramod
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing techniques like 3D printing make it possible to quickly and affordably create complexly formed bodies. It is particularly helpful for engineering applications like quick prototyping and rapid manufacturing. Using a heated nozzle arranged in three axes, filament is dispensed using the widely utilized fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The filament hardens as it leaves the nozzle. The study presented in this article examined the mechanical characteristics (primarily the elastic modulus and basic tensile strength) of elements printed using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process from two different materials: unreinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and glass-fiber reinforced PETG. The study compares the characteristics of PETG with and without the inclusion of glass fiber, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of the materials mentioned. The collected data can be utilized to model the characteristics of 3D printed elements and aids in quantifying the mechanical properties of PETG pieces.
Influence of Printing Parameters to optimize mechanical properties in additive manufacturing – A Review
Authors: Bhushan T.V.S.M.R. , ChandraSekhar A. , Raju B. , Rahul Puri Ch.
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) is a revolutionary technology with widespread applications among various industries. It is a cost effective and fast prototyping technology of 20th century, the parts produced by 3D printing are not only used for pre-production samples but also for replacement of functional parts in various applications. Various methods of 3D printing technologies viz., Fused Deposition, Resin printing etc., are available, however Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique is very popular since it is promising and cost effective. There are two major aspects needs to be considered in preparing a sample from 3D printing, i.e., selection of material and printing parameter. With the advancement of material technology from time to time, the efficient and quality products that are produced with this technology. The present study explores the impact of various parameters that affect mechanical properties of 3D printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) in horizontal orientation.
A Study on the Bending Strength of Ultra Double-Sided Polypropylene Arc Welded Using Stainless Steel Sheets
Authors: Prasad Tankeswar , Srinivasa Reddy K , Kunda Aruna , Durga JM , Sai Kumar A
Published: October 2024

In this research, a micro-plasma arc welding technique is used to butt weld super duplex stainless steel sheets with a thickness of 0.33mm. While roughness and strength of tensile are referred to as output qualities, welding input factors included pulse width, pulse rate, peak current, and base current. Applications requiring both strong fatigue strength and resistance to corrosion are increasingly using super-duplex stainless steels. Welded joint tensile strength (868.28MPa) is 6.28 percent less than the fundamental metal tensile strength (923.16MPa). The microstructure of welded super duplex stainless steels has a strong correlation with their tensile strength (SDSS), and ANSYS has been utilized to do FEA analysis for different profiles that have also been investigated. This work includes a detailed investigation of the effects of various welding circumstances on super duplex stainless steel.
Casting and Microstructural Characterization of High-Performance 2000 Series Aluminum Alloy for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Ben Moses R , Ajith Raj R , Vijay Judges I , Barath Srinivas P
Published: October 2024

The aerospace industry demands materials with superior mechanical properties, lightweight characteristics, and excellent corrosion resistance. In response to this need, this study focuses on the development and manufacturing of a new aluminium 2000 series alloy designed specifically for aerospace applications. The alloy design process involves a meticulous combination of alloying elements to optimize mechanical performance, thermal stability, and manufacturability. The manufacturing process involves advanced metallurgical techniques such as casting, extrusion. Characterization studies including microstructural analysis, mechanical testing, and corrosion resistance evaluation demonstrate the superior performance of the developed alloy compared to conventional materials. The newly developed aluminium 2000 series alloy exhibits promising mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics ideal for aerospace structural components. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of materials science in aerospace engineering to meet the specific requirements of modern aerospace applications. The developed alloy not only offers improved performance but also presents opportunities for enhanced fuel efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and increased safety in aerospace operations.
Real-type test platform capacitor bank switching oscillation suppression strategy and switching device design
Authors: Li Bing , Chen Haoran , Zhou Chuanqi , Li Xingyu , Liu Jundi , Wu Hanxu
Published: October 2024

The true-type test platform is widely used to evaluate whether relay protection devices are effective and accurate in handling simulated single-phase ground faults. However, since the system scale needs to be increased or decreased by switching capacitors connected in parallel on the feeder line, uncontrolled switching of capacitors may cause the magnetic latching relay to burn out. This article studies the transient process of switching and analyzes the reasons for relay burnout. Switching capacitors at non-current zero-crossing points will produce a large inrush overvoltage, which will burn the relay. To solve this problem, a switching control strategy based on delay compensation is proposed to ensure no inrush overvoltage during the switching process, improve the service life of the magnetic latching relay, and improve the safety of the power capacitor.
Control of a lithium-ion battery interfacing front-end quadratic boost converter with virtual-vector MPC
Authors: Liu Bin , Fu Tian
Published: October 2024

In response to challenges such as energy loss, shortened lifespan, and risks of overcharging and over-discharging in the energy conversion process of lithium-ion batteries, this paper proposes an innovative Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for the secondary type boost converter at the interface of lithium-ion batteries. This strategy introduces an efficient secondary-type boost converter. It utilizes MPC methods to ensure stable control of input voltage at the optimal operating point and swiftly adjust responses in the event of voltage transients, effectively avoiding the risks of overcharging and over-discharging. This rapid response mechanism significantly enhances the system’s dynamic performance, reduces energy losses, extends battery life, and ensures safe operation. The MPC control strategy demonstrates its significant advantages in both dynamic and steady-state performance through experimental validation and comparison with traditional PI control methods.
Performance analysis of DME multipath interference monitoring for APNT applications
Authors: Du Shijie , Jia Qiongqiong
Published: October 2024

In order to meet the application requirements of Performance Based Navigation (PBN) during the malfunction of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the concept of Alternative Positioning Navigation and Timing (APNT) has been proposed. DME/DME navigation based on Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is considered the most promising solution for APNT. However, the degradation of DME ranging accuracy due to multipath transmission makes the DME/DME navigation method unable to meet the performance requirements of PBN. Based on this, this paper analyzes the performance of Signal Quality Monitoring (SQM) and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) methods, which are commonly used in GNSS, in monitoring the multipath interference in DME systems, and lays the foundation for real-time DME multipath interference suppression. The experimental results show that for the conventional multipath interference in the DME system, the detection performance of the SQM metric is better, while for the strong multipath interference, the detection performance of the RAIM algorithm is better.
Research on performance degradation of force sensors based on improved error back propagation algorithm
Authors: Wang Pengling , Wang Peng , Wang Chu , Wang Bin , Chen Chen , Li Liangliang
Published: October 2024

Studying the performance degradation of force sensors, a core component of aircraft control stick force measurement devices, is essential. The key to investigating equipment performance degradation lies in constructing a degradation model. When dealing with degradation data from specific devices, relying solely on fitting methods may not effectively describe the degradation of the equipment. This study introduces an error backpropagation neural network model for constructing the performance degradation model of force sensors, and optimization improvements are made by using a genetic algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate a 99% reduction in Root Mean Square Error with the proposed modeling approach.