bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new perspective on the stellar mass-metallicity relation of quiescent galaxies from the LEGA-C survey
Authors: Bevacqua Davide , Saracco Paolo , Boecker Alina , D’Ago Giuseppe , De Lucia Gabriella , De Propris Roberto , La Barbera Francesco , Pasquali Anna , Spiniello Chiara , Tortora Crescenzo
Published: July 2024

We investigated the stellar mass-metallicity relation (MZR) using a sample of 637 quiescent galaxies with 10.4 ≤ log(M*/M⊙) < 11.7 selected from the LEGA-C survey at 0.6 ≤ z ≤ 1. We derived mass-weighted stellar metallicities using full-spectral fitting. We find that while lower-mass galaxies are both metal-rich and metal-poor, there are no metal-poor galaxies at high masses, and that metallicity is bounded at low values by a mass-dependent lower limit. This lower limit increases with mass, empirically defining a MEtallicity-Mass Exclusion (MEME) zone. We find that the spectral index MgFe ≡ √Mgb × Fe4383, a proxy for the stellar metallicity, also shows a mass-dependent lower limit resembling the MEME relation. Crucially, MgFe is independent of stellar population models and fitting methods. By constructing the metallicity enrichment histories, we find that, after the first gigayear, the star formation history of galaxies has a mild impact on the observed metallicity distribution. Finally, from the average formation times, we find that galaxies populate differently the metallicity-mass plane at different cosmic times, and that the MEME limit is recovered by galaxies that formed at z ≥ 3. Our work suggests that the stellar metallicity of quiescent galaxies is bounded by a lower limit which increases with the stellar mass. On the other hand, low-mass galaxies can have metallicities as high as galaxies ∼1 dex more massive. This suggests that, at log(M*/M⊙)≥10.4, rather than lower-mass galaxies being systematically less metallic, the observed MZR might be a consequence of the lack of massive metal-poor galaxies.
Non-thermal radio emission in Sakurai’s Object
Authors: Hajduk M. , van Hoof P. A. M. , Zijlstra A. A. , Van de Steene G. , Kimeswenger S. , Barría D. , Tafoya D. , Toalá J. A.
Published: July 2024

Context. The very late thermal pulse (VLTP) affects the evolution of ∼20% of 1–8 M⊙ stars, repeating the last red giant phases within a few years and leading to the formation of a new, but hydrogen-poor, nebula within the old planetary nebula. The strong dust formation in the latter obscures the optical and near-infrared radiation of the star.

Aims. We aimed to determine the reheating timescale of the central star in Sakurai’s Object, which is an important constraint for the poorly understood VLTP evolution.

Methods. We observed the radio continuum emission of Sakurai’s Object for almost 20 years, from 2004 to 2023. Continuous, multi-frequency observations proved to be essential for distinguishing between phases dominated by photoionization and shock ionization.

Results. The flux density fluctuates by more than a factor of 40 within months to years. The spectral index remained negative between 2006 and 2017 and has been close to zero since 2019. The emission region has been only barely resolved since 2021.

Conclusions. Non-thermal radio emission observed from 2004 to 2017 traces shocks induced by wind interactions due to discrete mass-loss events. Thermal emission dominates from 2019 to 2023 and may indicate photoionization of the nebula by the central star.
The YMDB catalog: Young massive detached binaries for the determination of high-precision absolute stellar parameters
Authors: Martín-Ravelo Pablo , Gamen Roberto , Arias Julia I. , Chené André-Nicolas , Barbá Rodolfo H.
Published: July 2024

Context. Massive stars play a crucial role in the cosmic dynamics and chemical evolution of galaxies. Despite their significance, our understanding of their evolution and properties remains limited. An accurate determination of stellar parameters, such as the mass and radius, is essential for advancing our knowledge. Detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) are particularly valuable for these determinations due to the minimal interaction between their stellar components, allowing for precise measurements.

Aims. This study aims to introduce the Young Massive Detached Binary (YMDB) catalog, designed to address the gap in the high-precision absolute parameter determination for young massive stars. By focusing on DEBs within the spectral range O9-B1, this catalog seeks to provide a reliable database for future astronomical studies and improve our understanding of massive star evolution.

Methods. We conducted a photometric analysis of 87 young massive stars in detached eclipsing systems using TESS light curves (LCs) that were processed through a custom pipeline. This analysis involved determining the amplitude of magnitude variations, orbital periods, times of minima, eccentricities, and the presence of apsidal motion and heartbeat phenomena. A thorough literature review was performed to obtain MK spectral classifications. We performed our own spectral classification of 19 systems to support the sample where a new classification was lacking or inconclusive.

Results. The analysis identified 20 previously unreported binary systems, with 13 newly recognized as variable stars. Among the 87 stars examined, 30 are confirmed as YMDB members, and 25 are candidates pending spectral classification. The exclusion of the remaining 32 stars is attributed to unsuitable spectral types or their nondetached binary nature. Notable findings include the identification of new LC classifications, eccentricities in 13 systems, and heartbeat phenomena in several targets.

Conclusions. The YMDB catalog offers a resource of high-quality LCs and reliable stellar classifications, serving as a valuable tool for the astronomical community.
Acute Onset, Relapsing–Remitting Choreiform Movement Disorder in A Girl with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Saottini Silvia , Brunetti Sara , Molinaro Anna , Accorsi Patrizia , Soresina Annarosa , Frigerio Michele , Fazzi Elisa Maria
Published: July 2024

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common chromosomal microdeletion disorder, presenting after a broad spectrum of congenital abnormalities and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Movement disorder is one of the most common neurological manifestations of the syndrome. The literature reports that early Parkinson's disease and dystonia, in particular, are associated with the syndrome. We here describe the first known case of choreiform movement disorder in a girl suffering from 22q11.2DS, responsive to tetrabenazine after relapsing–remitting course.
Double Mini TightRope Suture Suspensionplasty with FCR to APL Imbrication for Thumb Basilar Joint Arthritis: Intermediate Outcomes
Authors: Meaike Joshua J. , Meaike Jesse D. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: July 2024

Background We sought to evaluate the intermediate term outcomes of trapeziectomy with double Mini TightRope suture suspensionplasty and flexor carpi radialis to abductor pollicis longus imbrication for the treatment of basilar thumb joint arthritis.

Case Description We performed a retrospective review of patients from 2012 to 2021 at a single institution within a standardized protocol. Thirty-nine patients (46 thumbs) with a mean age of 61 years and clinical follow-up of 2.8 years met our inclusion criteria. Grip strength increased from 13.8 kg preoperatively to 20.3 kg postoperatively. Appositional pinch strength increased from 3.7 to 5.7 kg, while oppositional pinch strength also increased from 2.8 to 4.4 kg. Trapezial space ratio was well maintained at 0.36 postoperatively compared with 0.46 preoperatively at a mean radiographic follow-up of 2.2 years.

Literature Review and Clinical Relevance Results from our series demonstrate predictable outcomes with reduced pain levels, increased grip and pinch strengths, improved function, and preserved range of motion with few complications.

Level of Evidence III therapeutic.

Trial Registration Not applicable.
A Comparative Study of Peripheral Smear Findings with RBC Indices and Automated Analyzer Generated RBC Histograms in the Diagnosis of Anemia's
Authors: Thyagaraju Bhargavi , Doddagowda Shilpa Manigatta
Published: July 2024

Introduction The red blood cell (RBC) indices generated by cell counters help in the morphological classification of anemia. The importance of microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears (PBSs) stained by Leishman stain cannot be used alone when it comes to interpretation of the underlying cause of anemia. Hence, all three RBC histograms, indices, and microscopic examination of PBSs are very essential for a complete assessment of anemia.

Aims and Objectives To diagnose the type of anemia by examination of PBSs, automated cell-generated RBC histograms, and RBC indices and to compare and correlate the findings of RBC indices and automated cell-generated RBC histograms with PBS examination.

Materials and Methods This was a prospective comparative study done on 500 cases of anemia for a period of 5 months from August 2023 to December 2023 in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital and all the patients' RBC indices, RBC histogram findings, and PBS findings were noted and analyzed.

Results Among 500 samples, normocytic normochromic anemia consists of the majority of the cases 272 (54.4%), followed by microcytic hypochromic anemia cases 183 (36.6%), macrocytic anemia cases 27 (5.4%), normocytic hypochromic anemia were 10 (2%) cases, and dimorphic were 8 cases (1.6%). When compared with RBC histogram, 265 (53.0%) cases showed normal bell-shaped curve, 188 (37.6%) cases showed left shift, 27 (5.4%) cases showed broad based curve, 10 (2%) cases showed right shift, and 10 (2%) cases showed bimodal curve suggesting normocytic normochromic, microcytic hypochromic, normocytic hypochromic anemia, macrocytic, and dimorphic anemia, respectively.

Conclusion This study showed a well correlation in the findings of the automated hematology analyzer with the microscopic examination. Histogram alone could be used as a screening method but when combined with RBC indices and PBS findings, they act as useful supplements and by correlating findings of all three, we could diagnose the majority of anemia.
Leading the Way in Dementia Care: Embracing the Whole Person
Authors: Hickey Ellen M. , Douglas Natalie F. , Hopper Tammy , Bourgeois Michelle
Published: July 2024

Audrey Holland was a leading innovator and speech-language pathologist (SLP) in adult neurological communication disabilities for over five decades. She was a pioneer in the involvement of SLPs with people with dementia, inspiring both knowledge development and clinical practice regarding language, functional communication, and quality of life in persons living with dementia. Dr. Holland was also an extraordinary mentor who has impacted many generations of researchers and clinicians. Here, four researchers in the area of dementia and communication discuss the lessons they learned from Dr. Holland that fundamentally shaped their careers and the field of dementia and speech-language pathology. Lessons learned include the following: (1) do not be afraid to stand out when you have a novel idea that will help people; (2) look for strengths to support functional communication; (3) use communication strategies to support identity, quality of life, and self-determination in adults with acquired communication disabilities, including those with dementia; (4) shift from pathologizing to coaching; and (5) challenge the status quo. This article concludes by discussing Dr. Holland's lasting legacy.
Magnet-free electromagnetic nonreciprocity in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Pakniyat Samaneh , Gomez-Diaz J. Sebastian
Published: July 2024

In this Tutorial, we overview recent developments to break and manipulate electromagnetic nonreciprocity in two-dimensional (2D) materials without relying on magnetic fields. To this purpose, we provide a general conductivity model to describe gyrotropic metasurfaces that exhibit nonreciprocity through different physical mechanisms enabled by 2D materials, including optical pumping, drifting electrons, ferromagnetic monolayers, mechanical strain, and spatiotemporal modulation. We describe in detail the resulting systems, focusing on near-field phenomena, associated to nonreciprocal bulk and edge surface plasmon propagation, and on far-field responses, related to Faraday/Kerr rotation and optical dichroism of waves propagating in free-space. Additionally, we review and contextualize recent advancements in magnet-free nonreciprocal devices based on 2D materials, ranging from Faraday rotators and optical dichrosim, to plasmonic and photonic isolators, hyperlenses, and tunable optical traps. We conclude by providing our outlook for the future development of this technology and its potential applications in areas such as communications, sensing, wave generation, and spectroscopy, among others.
Three-dimensional matrix stiffness modulates mechanosensitive and phenotypic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma spheroids
Authors: Sheth Maulee , Sharma Manju , Lehn Maria , Reza HasanAl , Takebe Takanori , Takiar Vinita , Wise-Draper Trisha , Esfandiari Leyla
Published: July 2024

Extracellular biophysical cues such as matrix stiffness are key stimuli tuning cell fate and affecting tumor progression in vivo. However, it remains unclear how cancer spheroids in a 3D microenvironment perceive matrix mechanical stiffness stimuli and translate them into intracellular signals driving progression. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 and TRPV4 ion channels, upregulated in many malignancies, are major transducers of such physical stimuli into biochemical responses. Most mechanotransduction studies probing the reception of changing stiffness cues by cells are, however, still limited to 2D culture systems or cell-extracellular matrix models, which lack the major cell–cell interactions prevalent in 3D cancer tumors. Here, we engineered a 3D spheroid culture environment with varying mechanobiological properties to study the effect of static matrix stiffness stimuli on mechanosensitive and malignant phenotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma spheroids. We find that spheroid growth is enhanced when cultured in stiff extracellular matrix. We show that the protein expression of mechanoreceptor Piezo1 and stemness marker CD44 is upregulated in stiff matrix. We also report the upregulation of a selection of genes with associations to mechanoreception, ion channel transport, extracellular matrix organization, and tumorigenic phenotypes in stiff matrix spheroids. Together, our results indicate that cancer cells in 3D spheroids utilize mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and TRPV4 as means to sense changes in static extracellular matrix stiffness, and that stiffness drives pro-tumorigenic phenotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance in YIG thin films
Authors: Wong Thomas , Park Jihun , Hayashi Kensuke , Gross Miela J. , Kim Ryan , Wang Xinjun , Lofland Samuel E. , Orloff Nathan D. , Gopman Daniel B. , Lee Seunghun , Crowell Paul A. , Ross Caroline A. , Takeuchi Ichiro
Published: July 2024

Acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance (ADFMR) is a platform that enables efficient generation and detection of spin waves via magnetoelastic coupling with surface acoustic waves (SAWs). While previous studies successfully achieved ADFMR in ferromagnetic metals, there are only few reports on ADFMR in magnetic insulators such as yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) despite more favorable spin wave properties, including low damping and long coherence length. The growth of high-quality YIG films for ADFMR devices is a major challenge due to poor lattice-matching and thermal degradation of the piezoelectric substrates during film crystallization. In this work, we demonstrate ADFMR of YIG thin films on LiNbO3 (LNO) substrates. We employed a SiOx buffer layer and rapid thermal annealing for crystallization of YIG films with minimal thermal degradation of LNO substrates. Optimized ADFMR device designs and time-gating measurements were used to enhance the ADFMR signal and overcome the intrinsically low magnetoelastic coupling of YIG. YIG films have a polycrystalline structure with an in-plane easy direction due to biaxial stresses induced during cooling after crystallization. The YIG device shows clear ADFMR patterns with maximum absorption for H ≈ 160 mT parallel to SAW propagation, which is consistent with our simulation results based on existing theoretical models. These results expand possibilities for developing efficient spin wave devices with magnetic insulators.
Micromagnetic simulation of the magnetization-controlled critical current in a S–(S/F)–S superconducting switch
Authors: Kammermeier Lukas , Scheer Elke
Published: July 2024

In this Letter, we provide three dimensional micromagnetic simulations describing the nonvolatile magnetization control of the critical current of a superconductor–proximity-modified superconductor–superconductor junction by initializing and training its magnetization state in an external magnetic field, the experimental demonstration of which had been reported earlier. In the present work, we develop a microscopic explanation for the observed general behavior of the reduced critical current Ic in states of high magnetization M. We are able to reproduce the non-monotonous behavior of Ic(M) and can clearly correlate the discrete jumps in Ic(M) with flips of single or few magnetic domains in granular cobalt. We show that both the three-dimensional modeling and the grain size distribution are important to replicate the experimental observations.
An analytical model for ice accretion on the engine strut surface
Authors: Liang Jiuli
Published: July 2024

To predict flight icing more widely and practically, an ice accretion numerical framework that incorporates both the water droplet splash and the ice crystal sticking is developed. By proposing a deformation hypothesis, we deduce the modified energy conservation expression and the force balance relation for water droplet impingement. Subsequently, a new threshold determination and the probabilities for the droplet splash and ice crystal sticking are obtained, which are applicative across a wide range of Weber number after the validation. Through the interface tracking for a single droplet with the volume of fluid method, the droplet impingement dynamics are further explored, and the results of interaction with the wall serve the boundary treatments of droplet impingement in the discrete phase model. Additionally, the probability statistics method is employed to determine the parameters of the secondary droplets. Through the dynamic mesh technique, the retentive water droplets and the collected ice crystals are transformed into the accumulated ice in real time to update the ice accretion on the strut surface. Results demonstrate that the diameter, velocity, and content of droplets or crystals play significant roles in the impingement and the icing phenomena. Based on our numerical model, the predictions show that the ice accretion on the engine strut is influenced by flight parameters and environmental conditions, providing crucial guidance for the icing protection processes.
Women in STEM becoming independent: Embrace failures as part of the journey to success
Authors: Ding Zhoujie , Diny Nicola Laura , Gentek Rebecca , Gur-Cohen Shiri , Kimura Motoko Y. , Koay Hui-Fern , Magri Giuliana , Perez-Lopez Araceli , Pikor Natalia Barbara , Rodda Lauren B.
Published: July 2024

This year at JEM, we are highlighting women in science by sharing their stories and amplifying their voices. In this Viewpoint, we hear from a cross section of women, across multiple research fields, discussing their science and the process of setting up a lab as an independent researcher.
Energy-efficient synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion-based artificial neuronal device
Authors: Verma Ravi Shankar , Raj Ravish Kumar , Verma Gaurav , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Magnetic skyrmions offer unique characteristics such as nanoscale size, particle-like behavior, topological stability, and low depinning current density. These properties make them promising candidates for next-generation spintronics-based memory and neuromorphic computing. However, one of their distinctive features is their tendency to deviate from the direction of the applied driving force that may lead to the skyrmion annihilation at the edge of nanotrack during skyrmion motion, known as the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE). To overcome this problem, synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) skyrmions that having bilayer coupling effect allows them to follow a straight path by nullifying SkHE making them alternative for ferromagnetic (FM) counterpart. This study proposes an integrate-and-fire (IF) artificial neuron model based on SAF skyrmions with asymmetric wedge-shaped nanotrack having self-sustainability of skyrmion numbers at the device window. The model leverages inter-skyrmion repulsion to replicate the IF mechanism of biological neuron. The device threshold, determined by the maximum number of pinned skyrmions at the device window, can be adjusted by tuning the current density applied to the nanotrack. Neuronal spikes occur when initial skyrmion reaches the detection unit after surpassing the device window by the accumulation of repulsive force that result in reduction of the device’s contriving current results to design of high energy efficient for neuromorphic computing. Furthermore, work implements a binarized neuronal network accelerator using proposed IF neuron and SAF-SOT-MRAM based synaptic devices for national institute of standards and technology database image classification. The presented approach achieves significantly higher energy efficiency compared to existing technologies like SRAM and STT-MRAM, with improvements of 2.31x and 1.36x, respectively. The presented accelerator achieves 1.42x and 1.07x higher throughput efficiency per Watt as compared to conventional SRAM and STT-MRAM based designs.
Self-normalization for a 1 mm3 resolution clinical PET system using deep learning
Authors: Chin Myungheon , Jafaritadi Mojtaba , Franco Andrew B , Nasir Ullah Muhammad , Chinn Garry , Innes Derek , Levin Craig S
Published: July 2024

Objective. This work proposes, for the first time, an image-based end-to-end self-normalization framework for positron emission tomography (PET) using conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). Approach. We evaluated different approaches by exploring each of the following three methodologies. First, we used images that were either unnormalized or corrected for geometric factors, which encompass all time-invariant factors, as input data types. Second, we set the input tensor shape as either a single axial slice (2D) or three contiguous axial slices (2.5D). Third, we chose either Pix2Pix or polarized self-attention (PSA) Pix2Pix, which we developed for this work, as a deep learning network. The targets for all approaches were the axial slices of images normalized using the direct normalization method. We performed Monte Carlo simulations of ten voxelized phantoms with the SimSET simulation tool and produced 26,000 pairs of axial image slices for training and testing. Main results. The results showed that 2.5D PSA Pix2Pix trained with geometric-factors-corrected input images achieved the best performance among all the methods we tested. All approaches improved general image quality figures of merit peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) from ∼15 % to ∼55 %, and 2.5D PSA Pix2Pix showed the highest PSNR (28.074) and SSIM (0.921). Lesion detectability, measured with region of interest (ROI) PSNR, SSIM, normalized contrast recovery coefficient, and contrast-to-noise ratio, was generally improved for all approaches, and 2.5D PSA Pix2Pix trained with geometric-factors-corrected input images achieved the highest ROI PSNR (28.920) and SSIM (0.973). Significance. This study demonstrates the potential of an image-based end-to-end self-normalization framework using cGANs for improving PET image quality and lesion detectability without the need for separate normalization scans.
Machine learning-based simple and fast approach for the real-time characterization of laser-induced plasma
Authors: Mahmood Mudassir , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Khurshid Muhammad Farhan , Kalyar M A
Published: July 2024

We report a simple approach to estimate the fast and real-time pulse-to-pulse prediction of plasma parameters, specifically electron temperature and electron number density, using an Artificial Neural network (ANN) in combination with Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In a variety of spectroscopic applications, it is essential to have real-time observation of plasma parameters. However, direct measurement of these parameters is challenging and requires complex and time-consuming calculations. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be used to model the relation between spectral features from recorded LIBS emission spectra and plasma parameters. The ANN is trained on a suitable preprocessed spectroscopic dataset with corresponding plasma parameters to predict electron temperature and electron number density. The accuracy of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting the plasma parameters is evaluated, and results are validated with existing conventional methods of calculating plasma parameters, namely the Boltzmann Plot Method for plasma temperature and the Stark Broadening Method for electron number density. The present results show that ANN is an effective method in accurately predicting the plasma parameters directly from the spectral features. The ability to fine-tune plasma in real time enhances control and accuracy in Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) process and other plasma coating techniques.
Innovative lightweight deep learning architecture for enhanced rice pest identification
Authors: Song Haiying , Yan Yiying , Deng Shijun , Jian Cen , Xiong Jianbin
Published: July 2024

Pest detection is a crucial aspect of rice production. Accurate and timely identification of rice pests can assist farmers in taking prompt measures for control. To enhance the precision and real-time performance of rice pest detection, this paper introduces a novel YOLOv8-SCS architecture that integrates Space-to-Depth Convolution (SPD-Conv), Context Guided block (CG block), and Slide Loss. Initially, the original algorithm’s convolutional module is improved by introducing the SPD-Conv module, which reorganises the input channel dimensions into spatial dimensions, enabling the model to capture fine-grained pest features more efficiently while maintaining a lightweight model architecture. Subsequently, the CG block module is integrated into the CSPDarknet53 to 2-Stage FPN (C2f) structure, maintaining the models lightweight nature while enhancing its feature extraction capabilities. Finally, the Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) is refined by incorporating the Slide Loss function, which encourages the model to focus more on challenging samples during training, thereby improving the model’s generalization across various samples. To validate the effectiveness of the improved algorithm, a series of experiments were conducted on a rice pest dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the original YOLOv8 in rice pest detection, achieving an mAP of 87.9%, which is a 5.7% improvement over the original YOLOv8. The model also features a 44.1% reduction in parameter count and a decrease of 11.7 GFLOPs in computational requirements, meeting the demands for real-time detection.
Impact of underlap layer on DC and RF/analog performance of asymmetric junctionless dual material double gate MOSFET for low-power analog amplifier design
Authors: Basak Arighna , Deyasi Arpan , Sarkar Angsuman
Published: July 2024

Impact of underlap layer is analytically investigated on asymmetric junctionless dual material double gate MOSFET (AJDMDG) to reduce subthreshold slope and threshold voltage, which are two essential requirements with shrinking device dimensions to avoid short channel effects. The model utilizes two-dimensional Poisson’s equation with parabolic approximation for determining electrical parameters where dimensional ranges are kept within fabrication limit. Excellent accuracy is found for the obtained analytical outcome, when compared with results obtained from TCAD ATLAS simulator. Comparative study is extended for conventional junctionless DMDG (JDMDG) and underlap asymmetric junctionless single material DGFET (UAJDG) device, having identical dimensional parameters and biasing ranges; where the present structure exhibits superior performance in terms of threshold voltage, subthreshold slope and DIBL of 34.57%, 62.85% and 69.85% respectively compared to JDMDG and 12.50%, 26.08% and 40.25% respectively w.r.t UAJDG structure. Supremacy of the proposed architecture is further established with RF/analog Figures of Merit (FOMs), which are essential for designing low power analog amplifier.
Multi-participant quantum anonymous communication based on high-dimensional entangled states
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Mu Qingxia , Che Ronghua , Wang Qingle , Han Yunguang , Cheng Long
Published: July 2024

Anonymous quantum communication (AQC) enables the secure transmission of quantum or classical messages between a sender and a receiver while ensuring the anonymity of their identities. Existing AQC protocols primarily address one-to-one anonymous communication. When there are multiple senders, they must send their messages sequentially to avoid collision problems. In this paper, we propose a multi-participant quantum anonymous communication (MQAC) by employing high-dimensional entangled states. In this protocol, multiple senders establish anonymous entanglement with multiple receivers of their choice and send quantum messages anonymously and simultaneously via quantum teleportation. To propose MQAC, we first present the toolbox we developed, which includes several sub-protocols such as the verification protocol, collision detection protocol, address distribution protocol, and notification protocol. These sub-protocols, which we propose, not only are important parts of MQAC but also serve as the foundation for solving many more complex tasks, such as anonymous commodity transaction. Additionally, the analysis of MQAC demonstrates that neither internal nor external attackers can steal the identities of the communication parties or the transmitted messages by employing any attack. Our work represents an original exploration of anonymous message transmission between multiple senders and receivers in quantum networks.
Diverse soliton solutions to the nonlinear partial differential equations related to electrical transmission line
Authors: Sagib Md , Saha Bijan Krishna , Mohanty Sanjaya K , Rahman Md Sazedur
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces novel traveling wave solutions for the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear telegraph equation (NLTE) and the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear electrical transmission line equation (NETLE). These equations are pivotal in the transmission and propagation of electrical signals, with applications in telegraph lines, digital image processing, telecommunications, and network engineering. We applied the improved tanh technique combined with the Riccati equation to derive new solutions, showcasing various solitary wave patterns through 3D surface and 2D contour plots. These results provide more comprehensive solutions than previous studies and offer practical applications in communication systems utilizing solitons for data transmission. The proposed method demonstrates an efficient calculation process, aiding researchers in analyzing nonlinear partial differential equations in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering
Cosmic Inflation at the crossroads
Authors: Martin Jérôme , Ringeval Christophe , Vennin Vincent
Published: July 2024

The capability of Cosmic Inflation to explain the latest
Cosmic Microwave Background and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation data
is assessed by performing Bayesian model comparison within the
landscape of nearly three-hundred models of single-field slow-roll
inflation. We present the first Bayesian data analysis based on the
third-order slow-roll primordial power spectra. In particular, the
fourth Hubble-flow function ε4 remains unbounded while the
third function verifies, at two-sigma, ε3 ∈[-0.4,0.5],
which is perfectly compatible with the slow-roll predictions for the
running of the spectral index. We also observe some residual excess
of B-modes within the BICEP/Keck data favoring, at a
non-statistically significant level, non-vanishing primordial tensor
modes: log(ε1) > -3.9, at 68% confidence level. Then,
for 287 models of single-field inflation, we compute the Bayesian
evidence, the Bayesian dimensionality and the marginalized
posteriors of all the models' parameters, including the ones
associated with the reheating era. The average information gain on
the reheating parameter R
reh reaches 1.3 ± 0.18 bits, which
is more than a factor two improvement compared to the first Planck
data release. As such, inflationary model predictions cannot meet
data accuracy without specifying, or marginalizing over, the
reheating kinematics. We also find that more than 40% of the
scenarios are now strongly disfavored, which shows that the
constraining power of cosmological data is winning against the
increase of the number of proposed models. In addition, about 20%
of all models have evidences within the most probable region and are
all favored according to the Jeffreys' scale of Bayesian evidences.
Constraining ultra slow roll inflation using cosmological datasets
Authors: Ragavendra H.V. , Sarkar Anjan Kumar , Sethi Shiv K.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the detection of gravitational waves by LIGO and PTA collaborations have raised the intriguing possibility of excess matter power at small scales. Such an increase can be achieved by ultra slow roll (USR) phase during inflationary epoch. We constrain excess power over small scales within the framework of such models using cosmological datasets, particularly of CMB anisotropies and Lyman-α. We parameterize the USR phase in terms of the e-fold at the onset of USR (counted from the end of inflation) N̅1and the duration of USR phase Δ N. The former dictates the scale of enhancement in the primordial power spectrum, while the latter determines the amplitude of such an enhancement. From a joint dataset of CMB and galaxy surveys, we obtain N̅1≲ 45 with no bound on Δ N. This in turn implies that the scales over which the power spectrum can deviate significantly from the nearly scale invariant behavior of a typical slow-roll model isk≳1 Mpc-1. On the other hand, the Lyman-αdata is sensitive to baryonic power spectrum along the line of sight. We consider a semi-analytic theoretical method and high spectral-resolution Lyman-αdata to constrain the model. The Lyman-α data limits both the USR parameters: N̅1≲ 41 and Δ N ≲ 0.4. This constrains the amplitude of the power spectrum enhancement to be less than a factor of hundred over scales 1 ≲ k/ Mpc-1≲ 100, thereby considerably improving the constraint on power over these scales as compared to the bounds arrived at from CMB spectral distortion.
In vivo optogenetics using a Utah Optrode Array with enhanced light output and spatial selectivity
Authors: McAlinden Niall , Reiche Christopher F , Clark Andrew M , Scharf Robert , Cheng Yunzhou , Sharma Rohit , Rieth Loren , Dawson Martin D , Angelucci Alessandra , Mathieson Keith , Blair Steve
Published: July 2024

Objective. Optogenetics allows the manipulation of neural circuits in vivo with high spatial and temporal precision. However, combining this precision with control over a significant portion of the brain is technologically challenging (especially in larger animal models). Approach. Here, we have developed, optimised, and tested in vivo, the Utah Optrode Array (UOA), an electrically addressable array of optical needles and interstitial sites illuminated by 181 μLEDs and used to optogenetically stimulate the brain. The device is specifically designed for non-human primate studies. Main results. Thinning the combined μLED and needle backplane of the device from 300 μm to 230 μm improved the efficiency of light delivery to tissue by 80%, allowing lower μLED drive currents, which improved power management and thermal performance. The spatial selectivity of each site was also improved by integrating an optical interposer to reduce stray light emission. These improvements were achieved using an innovative fabrication method to create an anodically bonded glass/silicon substrate with through-silicon vias etched, forming an optical interposer. Optical modelling was used to demonstrate that the tip structure of the device had a major influence on the illumination pattern. The thermal performance was evaluated through a combination of modelling and experiment, in order to ensure that cortical tissue temperatures did not rise by more than 1 °C. The device was tested in vivo in the visual cortex of macaque expressing ChR2-tdTomato in cortical neurons. Significance. It was shown that the UOA produced the strongest optogenetic response in the region surrounding the needle tips, and that the extent of the optogenetic response matched the predicted illumination profile based on optical modelling—demonstrating the improved spatial selectivity resulting from the optical interposer approach. Furthermore, different needle illumination sites generated different patterns of low-frequency potential activity.
Research on Intelligent Water Treatment Strategy based on DCS Control System
Authors: Zou Lei , Qi Desheng , Yang Zhenya , Zheng Da , Chen Chuanbin , Shen Da , Lu Xiaohu , Ni Ming , Qu Defang
Published: July 2024

In a capacity renovation project, the new DCS system as the equipment control system, and the existing AB 1756 series PLC system, there are two control systems bi-directional signal monitoring problems. This paper compares two methods of monitoring bi-directional data transmission, and analyzes and verifies the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. From the perspective of reliability and safety of implementation, a protocol special communication card was added in the PLC controller card slot of desalination plant, and added a protocol-specific communication card to the PLC system card slot of the secondary reverse osmosis and EDI units. The actual project verification shows that this method can ensure reliability and safety performance while realizing functions.
Defect Analysis of the Basin-type Insulator in a 500kV SF6 Current Transformer
Authors: Zhao Yingyu , Ji Sheng , Zhang Wenming , Liu Xingwei , Hu Runge , Wang Xin
Published: July 2024

A rigorous examination and analysis were conducted on a fault incident involving an SF6-insulated current transformer. The investigation revealed an intrinsic defect in the basin-type insulator within the current transformer, leading to a discharge pathway formation from the shell base flange to the secondary lead shielding tube. To further analyze the insulation characteristics of basin-type insulator, a three-dimensional simulation model of current transformers was established using simulation software to study the electric field distribution law of basin-type insulators with pores, metal impurity pollution, and microcracks. Simulation tests indicated that micro-cracks can result in severe electric field distortion in the basin-type insulator, followed by metal particle pollution, and bubbles cause the least degree of electric field distortion. The findings of this article can serve as a reference for the production of basin-type insulators and the operation, maintenance, and fault analysis of SF6-insulated current transformers.
Research on a new method of islanding detection based on lifting wavelet and neural network
Authors: Xie Dong , Zang Dajin , Gao Peng
Published: July 2024

At present, the commonly used active and passive islanding detection methods have their own shortcomings, and the islanding detection effect is difficult to meet the requirements. Therefore, a new detection method based on wavelet signal processing and artificial intelligence to identify islanding is proposed in this paper. In this method, the feature quantities required for islanding detection are obtained by wavelet transform and signal processing, and then the feature quantities are identified by neural network to determine whether the islanding is generated in distributed generation system. Wavelet transformation has a strong ability of signal feature extraction, while the neural network has strong learning and identification abilities, the combination of the both is beneficial to improve the success rate of islanding detection. Simulation verification shows that the new islanding detection method proposed in this paper can detect islanding quickly and accurately, and the performance of islanding detection has been significantly improved.
Highly-crystalline Vanadium Dioxide by Hydrothermal for Infrared Detectors
Authors: Lin Li , Zhang Yajie , Sun Weiqi , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Weixun , Wei Jie , Zhang Chunxiao , Zhou Yanhong , Xiang Li
Published: July 2024

Infrared detectors are utilized across a diverse range of applications, yet they currently face challenges such as high power consumption and sensitivity to environmental. Vanadium dioxide, a popular material for infrared detectors, boasts a superior temperature coefficient of resistance and rapid response speed. However, it suffers from a substantial thermal hysteresis width. To overcome this limitation, the film structure is meticulously designed to exhibit a uniform, dense texture with a high degree of orientation and crystallinity on a sapphire substrate. This enhancement significantly boosts the infrared responsiveness of the detector. Under optimal conditions, specifically a bias voltage of 50 mV and infrared irradiation of 150 mW, the photocurrent can achieve a remarkable value of 5.55 μA, while the response speed reaches an impressive 0.23 μA/s. These improvements hold promising implications for infrared detection technology, particularly in areas such as night vision and electrical maintenance.
The electrical properties of nitrogen-doped vanadium dioxide thin films grown by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Jia Yuxin , Fu Dongxiao , Liu Jiang , Zhang Feiran
Published: July 2024

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a reversible semiconductor-metal phase transition near 68°C, and the optical and electrical properties could be changed in femtoseconds. These unique characteristics meet the electro-optic switch applications. In this work, to improve the intrinsic characteristics of VO2, a series of nitrogen-doped vanadium dioxide thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. Moreover, the effects of different nitrogen flow rates on the microstructure, surface morphology, electrical properties and phase transition properties of the samples were investigated. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), four-point probe system, and Hall effect et al. Sheet resistance variation at room temperature and high temperatures indicates remarkable semiconductor-metal transition characteristics. According to results of Hall effect measurement, when nitrogen flow rate is less than 1 sccm, the samples exhibits p-type semiconductor characteristics. However, while nitrogen flow rate reaches 1 sccm, n-type semiconductor characteristics appear. What’s more, Carrier mobility reaches a maximum at a nitrogen to oxygen flow ratio of 0.3. The results reveal that the samples have a great potential on electro-optic switching applications.
Analysis and Treatment of a Partial Discharge Fault in a 220kV Transformer
Authors: Yin Qinghua , Dong Honglin , Gao Nannan , Li Haifeng , Liu Xinduo
Published: July 2024

Partial discharge test of transformer is one of the most important detection items in the factory test of transformer, which is related to whether the transformer can operate safely and stably. This article will analyze a case of partial discharge exceeding the standard in a 220kV transformer. Based on the joint detection technology of ultrasonic partial discharge and ultra high frequency partial discharge, the defect location will be found. And the structure of the transformer will be researched to identify the cause of the defect. The diagnosis and treatment will be successfully completed. Finally, the conclusion will be verified through finite element analysis. This provides reliable guidance for partial discharge detection and rectification measures in transformers’ production and operation.
Research on Voltage Coordinated and Stability Control of Condensers Based on Reactive Power Replacement
Authors: Zhang Jijun , Hu Rongyuan , Chen Ping , Sun Meng , Cheng Lijuan , Li Pengda
Published: July 2024

In this research, we investigated condenser voltage coordination and stability control systems by analyzing voltage coordinated control mode among excitation, voltage coordination and stability as well as automatic-voltage reactive power control systems. By using dynamic excitation regulation and steady-state regional voltage source control replacement, dynamic reactive power quickly output under fault condition as well as optimized regional reactive power under steady state were realized. The correctness and practicability of the proposed strategy was verified through engineering application. Adopting the reactive power displacement of voltage coordination control system to solve local voltage instability problem after UHV DC blocking. The proposed method realized multi-time scale emergency, recovery and steady-state control of the system under steady and dynamic states.
Research on Mathematical Model of Energy Storage Assisted Wind Turbine Frequency Regulation Control Strategy
Authors: Yuan Weiwei
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes an improved frequency regulation strategy for the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to mitigate the impact of wind power integration on system frequency. An energy storage system is used on the wind side to participate in the frequency regulation. The influence of wind power integration on the power system frequency is analyzed and an improved frequency control strategy for the DFIG is proposed. A control strategy for energy storage devices to support wind turbine frequency control is proposed. An energy storage device model is established that considers power correction based on the state of charge to avoid excessive charging and discharging. According to the operating state of the DFIG, a control strategy for the frequency regulation of the energy storage device is proposed. According to different wind speeds, a control strategy is proposed for the participation of the joint wind storage system in the frequency regulation. This control strategy can provide frequency support to the system when the wind turbine cannot participate in frequency regulation according to the different operating conditions of the wind turbine. After the wind turbine uses the improved frequency control strategy, it accelerates the recovery of the DFIG rotor speed while avoiding a secondary drop in the system frequency. In addition, when the energy storage device has a poor state of charge and the system frequency is good, it charges to restore the state of charge.
Investigation on structural and morphological properties of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) thin films
Authors: Rasool Asif , Amiruddin R. , Kossar Shahnaz
Published: July 2024

The present study reports on the effect of substrate temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of MoO3 thin films. MoO3 thin films were deposited on pre-heated glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The substrate temperature was varied from 300 °C to 400°C with a step interval of 50 °C. Structural studies were studied using X-ray diffraction technique. It is observed that all the diffraction peaks exactly match with JCPDS card No. 05-0508. The as –deposited MoO3 thin films exhibits orthorhombic crystal structure. It is found that the crystalline nature increases with the increases of substrate temperature. FESEM micrographs show that the grains are distributed uniformly over the surface without any void. An optical property reveals that the transmission of MoO3 thin film in the visible region increases with increases of deposition temperature.