bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutron diffraction study of the kinetics of low-temperature martensite decomposition in medium-carbon steel
Authors:   Tula State University, Alekseev A. A. , Goncharov S. S. ,   Tula State University
Published: August 2021

It is found that the low-temperature decomposition of martensite in quenched medium-carbon steel occurs in two stages. In the first stage, the rate of decomposition is higher than that in the subsequent stage. Application of the neutron diffraction method allows the identification of two stages of transformation in the first stage of martensite decomposition. It is shown that the first stage is associated predominantly with carbon segregation at dislocations, and the second, with the outdiffusion of carbon from the supersaturated solid solution with the formation of dispersed particles of metastable carbides. It is shown that the change in the concentration of carbon and, accordingly, the degree of tetragonal lattice of martensite at aging and low tempering occurs to a certain limit, independent of the cooling rate during quenching and tempering temperature. This is due to the establishment of a relative equilibrium between a supersaturated solid solution and fine particles of metastable iron carbide. It is found that the determining process, which leads to a change in the microhardness the low-temperature decomposition, is the out diffusion of carbon from the supersaturated solid solution.
Investigation of the processes of fatigue and corrosion-fatigue destruction of pseudo-α titanium alloy
Authors:   Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod, Murashov A. A. , Berendeyev N. N. ,   Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod, Nokhrin A. V. ,   Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod, Galaeva E. A. ,   Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod, Chuvil’deev V. N. ,   Physics and Technology Research Institute of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod
Published: August 2021

The paper describes the results of fatigue and corrosion-fatigue tests of the pseudo α titanium alloy PT-3V, which is actively used in nuclear engineering for the manufacture of heat exchange equipment for modern nuclear power plants. Alloy PT-3V has an inhomogeneous coarse-crystalline structure with precipitates of β-phase particles along the grain boundaries of the lamellar shape. It is shown that smooth specimens tested according to the bending-with-rotation loading scheme do not show a noticeable decrease in the cyclic fatigue life when exposed to a neutral corrosive environment (3 % aqueous NaCl solution). However, specimens with a notch (stress concentrator) tested according to the cantilever bending loading scheme demonstrate sensitivity to the action of a corrosive environment at the stages of initiation and growth of fatigue cracks, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the number of cycles before crack initiation, as well as before specimen failure, in comparison with tests in air. Fractographic analysis of fractures of smooth specimens and specimens with a concentrator after fatigue and corrosion-fatigue tests has been carried out. The main stages of the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks are revealed. It has been established that a decrease in the resistance to the initiation and propagation of corrosion-fatigue cracks during testing of notched specimens may be due to the effect of hydrogen embrittlement, accelerated by stress concentration.
Keragaman Jenis Tanaman Pada Dua Sistem Pertanian di Pegunungan Arfak Papua Barat
Authors: Purbokurniawan  , Kubangun Siti Hajar , Noya Alce Ilona , Anouw Yanuarius
Published: August 2021

The geographical of Pegunungan Arfak Regency was at 1200 - 2300 meters above sea level, has a mountainous topography, potential for the development of economic highlands crops. The aim this research was to see the diversity of cultivated plant by Arfak people at Arfak mountainous in their field and yard farming system. These studies were conducted at 2 Districts: 1) Anggi: Testega, Bamaha and Kostera Village; 2) Anggi Gida at Tuabiam Village of  Pegunungan Arfak Regency. The data collected by survey technique. The results showed there were a diversity of cultivated plants at two different farming system by Arfak people. There were 30 cultivated plants in four villages; consisted of 9 types of carbohydrate plants, 6 types of vegetable plants, 5 types of fruit plants, 8 types of spice plants and 2 types of sweeteners and fresheners. There were 11 crop in fields and  29 crop in yard farming system, respectively.
Persepsi, Sikap dan Partisipasi Keluarga Pasien/Pengunjung dalam Menciptakan Kebersihan Lingkungan Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Jumriah  , Tjolli Ihwan , Martanto Eko Agus
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the perceptions, attitudes and expectations of the patient /visitor's family in creating a clean hospital environment and to analyze the factors that influence the participation of the patient's or visitor's family in creating a clean hospital environment. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The number of samples taken was 19 samples at each hospital, so the total sample of the study was 38 samples. Data collection was done by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that most of the visitors' perceptions of the hospital stated that: (1) hygiene problems are things that must be prioritized and are still being improved, (2) the attitude of the visitors is that most of them agree and support all forms of efforts carried out in the context of hygiene management. hospital environment, (c) the level of visitor participation is mostly in the high category related to the cleanliness of the hospital environment. (4) The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that the variables of formal education, counseling, age and length of visit together have an effect on the level of participation in the cleanliness of the hospital environment. The results of the partial relationship test show that formal education and extension variables have a significant effect on the level of participation. The variables of age and length of visit did not affect the level of participation in the cleanliness of the hospital environment.
Calderón de la Barca, o el sueño y la esencia de la Vida
Authors: Miró Quesada Sosa Aurelio
Published: August 2021

Se ha repetido siempre, y conviene expresarlo una vez más ahora, que Lope de Vega y Calderón de la Barca son los dos firmes polos entre los que gira todo el teatro español en la llamada con razón Edad de Oro de las letras en lengua castellana.
El actual edificio de la Universidad de San Marcos
Authors: Ibscher Gred , Valcárcel Carlos Daniel
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo consta de dos partes: la primera es una reseña histórica y una descripción, actual, cuyo complemento consfüúyelo un inicial derrotero eurístico y unas ilustraciones topográficas, acerca del local que ocupa hoy la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos de Lima, escrita por el Dr. Daniel V alcárcel; la 'Segunda es una descripción de las figuras, símbolos, traducción de leyendas latinas y otras complementarias particularidades• del techo y anexos del virreinal Salón de Actos académicos de la Facultad de Letras de la decana Universidad limeña y americana, escrita por la Dra. Gred Ibscher. Esta partedel trabajo está acompañada por láminas, habiéndose conservado los primitivos colores que muestra actualmente el techo del Salón de Grados de la mencionada Facultad.
José Santos Chocano
Authors: Tamayo Vargas Augusto
Published: August 2021

Forma parte este artículo de un conjunto de tres que acerca de Chocano, Eguren y Vallejo, aparecerán sucesivamente en nuestra Revista, bosquejando la figura de tres poetas nuestros que, en el siglo XX anduvierorn por muy diversos caminos de poesía. Son ellos tal vez si por su manera da expresión distintil y su sensibilidad orientada hacia mundos poéticos lejanos entre sí, los tres poetas representativos del Perú contemporáneo
Recombinant production and characterization of Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase enzyme for gluten-free food production
Authors: ŞENOL Belma , KAPLAN Özlem , İMAMOĞLU Rizvan , GÖKÇE İsa
Published: August 2021

Gluten is a protein group found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats, known as cereals. When this vegetable protein is introduced into the body, celiac disease can occurs. The use of bacterial and fungal oligopeptidase to ensure the cleavage of gluten into non-toxic fragments are considered a promising alternative for celiac disease. In this study, the Aspergillus niger Prolyl EndoPeptidase (AN-PEP) enzyme was cloned into pET22b vector and recombinantly produced in BL21 (DE3) pLysE cells. PEP enzyme expressed as inclusion body and was recovered by refolding. And N-terminal His-tagged recombinant protein was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. 280 mg AN-PEP enzyme from 1L bacterial culture was purified at very high yield, and this protein was 90% purity. As a result; It has been determined that the recombinantly produced PEP enzyme can digest gluten. This study shows that recombinantly produced AN-PEP (rAN-PEP) has great potential to use in the production processes of gluten-free foods.
Use of chia seed on regular and low-fat crackers, their antioxidant properties, and in-vitro bioaccessibility
Authors: DÜNDAR Ayşe Neslihan , YILDIZ Elif , PARLAK Özen , AYDIN Emine
Published: August 2021

Although having functional properties, fat is known to be adversely effective in case of high consumption. High fat consumption causes health disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure, insulin balance disorders and cancer. For this reason, it is important to reduce fat consumption and create food formulations rich in bioactive components. In the scope of this study, CS (Chia seed) was replaced with wheat flour 10%, 20%, and 30% (w/w) and the fat amount was decreased in 25%, 50%, 75% (w/w) ratios for formulating low-fat crackers, and the antioxidative potential of the samples was evaluated. Extractable, hydrolysable, bioaccessible phenolic fractions of samples were analyzed in terms of TEACABTS, TEACCUPRAC, TEACDPPH and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) (Folin Ciocalteu’s method). CS replacement was determined to be more effective than a fat reduction on AC and TPC results of samples. By 25, 50 and 100% fat reduction of extractable, hydrolysable and bioaccessible phenolic fractions, TEACABTS values increased respectively as 5.87%, 9.33% and 12.11%. 75% fat reduced-30% CS supplemented sample was 91.0% higher than 100% fat including-30% CS supplemented sample and 143.4% higher than the control sample in terms of TEACABTS for bioaccessible phenolic fractions. The dietary fiber, protein content and fatty acid composition are thought to be effective in the potential of CS. It is proved that CS could be expressed as a convenient pseudo-cereal for functional food formulations.
Do High School Students With a Same-Race Teacher Attend Class More Often?
Authors: Gottfried Michael , Kirksey J. Jacob , Fletcher Tina L.
Published: August 2021

Teachers of color increase school success for students of color. Yet, little attention has been paid to whether school attendance behaviors also increase from same race and ethnicity matches. To address this, our study used administrative data provided by a California high school district for the school years 2014 to 2018. We explored student absenteeism at the date and class period levels. Using this rich, longitudinal data set, we employed grade, school, class period, student, and date fixed effects models to examine the association between student–teacher matches and student absenteeism. Student–teacher race and ethnicity matches were associated with fewer unexcused absences for Latinx students. The results also indicate that associations were strongest for Latinx students in 11th and 12th grades—the age group in K–12 that has the most individual agency when it comes to getting to school. Furthermore, we found no evidence of declines in excused absences, which reflect health.
Yoga Posture Classification using Computer Vision
Authors: Prakash Madhura , S Aishwarya , Maru Disha , Chandra Naman , V Varshini , V Varshini
Published: August 2021

There has been over the past few years, a very increased popularity for yoga. A lot of literatures have been published that claim yoga to be beneficial in improving the overall lifestyle and health especially in rehabilitation, mental health and more. Considering the fast-paced lives that individuals live, people usually prefer to exercise or work-out from the comfort of their homes and with that a need for an instructor arises. Hence why, we have developed a self-assisted system which can be used to detect and classify yoga asanas, which is discussed in-depth in this paper. Especially now when the pandemic has taken over the world, it is not feasible to attend physical classes or have an instructor over. Using the technology of Computer Vision, a computer-assisted system such as the one discussed, comes in very handy. The technologies such as ml5.js, PoseNet and Neural Networks are made use for the human pose estimation and classification. The proposed system uses the above-mentioned technologies to take in a real-time video input and analyze the pose of an individual, and classifies the poses into yoga asanas. It also displays the name of the yoga asana that is detected along with the confidence score.
Democracias cuestionadas. Elecciones competitivas, política de enemistad y desconfianza ciudadana
Authors: Quiroga Hugo
Published: August 2021

Vivimos en una era de volatilidad que genera procesos disruptivos en las formas democráticas y en los sistemas políticos. Un tiempo marcado por el desconcierto y la perturbación. La inesperada crisis global del COVID-19 ha trastocado nuestras vidas y sociedades, extendiendo nuestro presente incierto y acelerando aún más el temor al futuro. La pandemia hizo más visibles las disfunciones del orden político liberal. Esas disfunciones remiten a la crisis del sistema de partidos, a la disolución de las identidades políticas masivas, a la fluctuación del voto, a los liderazgos de nuevo tipo –de manera frecuente con rasgos decisionistas o autoritarios–, a las desigualdades persistentes y múltiples, componentes que revelan una fatiga democrática, con degradaciones institucionales. En definitiva, asistimos a una generalizada deriva antiliberal, fundamentalmente política, especialmente en Europa y en los Estados Unidos de Donald Trump.
Partidos y elecciones presidenciales del 2023 en Paraguay
Authors: Martínez Fernando , Soler Lorena
Published: August 2021

Los bicentenarios partidos políticos de Paraguay continúan siendo los actores privilegiados de la organización de la disputa política electoral. En este artículo nos proponemos identificar la construcción de nuevas reglas formales e informales de competencia que, hasta nuestros días,  han marcado los límites a la transición a la democracia: la fórmula D`Hondt, el juicio político, la no reelección presidencial, el cuoteo político y el voto de censura. Partimos de la hipótesis de que la paridad de las fuerzas internas de la Asociación Nacional Repúblicana (ANR), tras la transición a la democracia, provocó que ese partido funcione como partido de Gobierno y de oposición al mismo tiempo. Finalmente, ensayamos algunas alternativas del escenario de las elecciones presidenciales de 2023.
hubungan antara deepening demokrasi dan musrembang desa
Authors: andriana ghina
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perjalanan sejarah demokrasi di Indonesia telah membuktikan bahwa tidak selamanya demokrasi dilaksanakan sesuai dengan konstitusi. Kenyataan silih bergantinya sistem demokrasi di Indonesia sejak awal kemerdekaan sampai lahirnya Maklumat Wakil Presiden Nomor X, demokras i terpimpin, demokras i Pancasila, sampai pada munculnya reformasi menunjukkan betapa dominannya peranan (pemerintahan) negara dalam memberikan warna terhadap sistem demokrasi di Negara Indonesia. Sementara rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan negara dipaksa mengikuti kemauan dan kekuatan elite politik yang sedang berkuasa dalam menjalankan demokrasi. Demokrasi sebagaimana juga yang disampaikan Aristoteles, yang merupakan seorang filsuf Yunani, murid dari Plato, menyebutkan bahwa demokrasi bukanlah sesuatu yang paling ideal melainkan hanya bentuk pemerintahan yang paling bisa berjalan. Jika pernyataan tersebut dapat dimaknai dan telusuri secara lebih mendalam dan seksama tentunya akan banyak hal yang bisa dipelajari, hal ini juga terlihat dari sejarah panjang demokrasi di Indonesia. Musrembang adalah forum perencanaan program yang di laksanakanoleh lembaga public yaitu pemerintah Desa, bekerja sama dengan warga dan para pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Musrembang yang bermakna akan mampu membangun kesepahaman tentang kepentingan dan kemajuan Desa, dengan cara membahas dan melihat potensi dan sumber-sumber pembangun yang tidak tersedia baik dari dalam maupun dari luar.Kata kunci : demokrasi, deepening demokrasi, dan musrembang
Gọi tên “giá trị văn hóa thứ 11”
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: August 2021

Vào năm 2000, Lawrence E. Harrison (*) đề xuất 10 giá trị văn hóa lõi quyết định sự tiến bộ kinh tế của các quốc gia, nhưng chưa đủ. TS. Vương Quân Hoàng trong bài nghiên cứu mới nhất trên Tạp chí Economics and Business Letters đã đề xướng “giá trị văn hóa thứ 11”, đó là môi trường.
Analisis Kebijakan Diliberatife Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Di Kecamatan Kulo
Authors: nurhikma
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui analisi kebijakan diliberatife terhadap partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan di kecamatan kulo. Tipe penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian yaitu 96 orang masyarakat dengan teknik purposive sampling menggunakan rumus Slovin. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan kuesioner. Data yang ada dianalisis melalui tabel frekuensi menggunakan skala likert dan dilakukan metode analisis regresi linear sederhana melalui pengolahan SPSS 22.0. Hasilnya memperlihatkan bahwa: Kepemimpinan Lurah sebesar 45,17% termasuk dalam kategori cukup baik; Pemberdayaan Masyarakat sebesar 39,6% termasuk dalam kategori kurang baik; dan penelitian memperlihatkan kepemimpinan lurah berpengaruh terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat.
"There are no Band-Aids for emotions": The development of thinking about emotional harm
Authors: Heck Isobel Azani , Bregant Jessica , Kinzler Katherine
Published: August 2021

An understanding of harm is central to social and cognitive development, but harm largely has been conceptualized as physical damage or injury. Less research focuses on children’s judgments of harm to others’ internal well-being (emotional harms). We asked 5–10-year-old children (N = 456, 50% girls, 50% boys; primarily tested in Central New York, with socioeconomic diversity, but limited racial/ethnic or linguistic diversity) to compare emotional and physical harms. In Experiment 1, children compared simple harms (intended and completed) and then scenarios in which the perpetrator’s intention did not match the outcome (intended emotional harm, but caused physical harm, or vice-versa). Assessments of the severity of emotional (versus physical) harm increased with age and depended on the perpetrator’s intentions. In Experiment 2, children saw emotional and physical harms that were: Simple (intended and completed); Incomplete (intended, but not completed); or Accidental (not intended, but completed). Children evaluated physical and emotional harms in isolation and then compared the two. Judgments of the relative severity of emotional harm increased with age, but only when intentions and outcomes were both present. This reflected an increase with age in children’s perceptions that emotional harm was hurtful, whereas perceptions of physical harm were relatively stable across development. With age, children also increasingly associated emotional harms with longer-term impacts (being remembered and reoccurring). These findings suggest reasoning about the severity, underlying intentions, and duration of emotional harm shifts with age. The results hold implications for moral development, law and psychology, and emotional-harm-related interventions including those addressing bullying.
PENINJAUAN K3 DI PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN GANTUNG KECAMATAN LAMASI TIMUR KABUPATEN LUWU
Authors: Stringer
Published: August 2021

Makalah ini merupakan tugas mata kuliah untuk melihat bagaimana penerapan K3 pada suatu proyek konstruksi
The Relationship Between Cognitive Performance Assessments and the Mental Capacity Functional Test: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wheeler Miranda , Milosevich Elise , King Nigel S. , Demeyere Nele
Published: August 2021

Aim: Investigating the relationship between neurocognitive performance and the 2005 Mental Capacity Act (MCA) functional test in adults with a neurological diagnosis.Methods: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in April 2021. Included studies reported cognitive test outcomes in adults with neurological diagnoses in relation to one or more of the four pillars of the MCA functional test (‘understanding’, ‘retention’, ‘using and weighing-up information’, ‘communication’). A narrative synthesis was structured in accordance with each pillar of the functional test. The NIH observational studies tool enabled quality assessment.Results: Of the 3,996 studies screened, 34 were included. Significant relationships between cognitive scores and capacity outcomes were identified in all but one study. The most consistent finding related to tests of information processing, executive functioning, and attention/working memory correlating strongly with ‘understanding’ in different samples. The relationships between other pillars and cognitive outcomes were seldom reported, with inconsistent findings. Conclusions: The pillars of the functional test are seldom referred to separately. Further research which clearly operationalises the pillars of capacity assessed is required to elucidate both the utility and limits of cognitive measures in supporting complex functional assessments in line with the MCA.
Why are Euro ELF (English as a lingua franca) user attitudes ambivalent? Pre-service teachers from Spain and Sweden
Authors: Jeong Hyeseung , Ruiz Raquel Sánchez , Wilhelmsson Georgia
Published: August 2021

English as a lingua franca, or ELF is a well-known concept referring to English used as a contact language among people from different linguistic backgrounds. ELF users are thus people using English as ELF. This study investigated the ELF user attitudes of pre-service teachers from Spain and Sweden, towards English and its users. From the convergences and divergences of their attitudes, it emerged that the ELF user attitudes of the two European student cohorts tended to be ambivalent, mixed, and self-contradictory. After discussing factors for participants’ attitudinal tendencies, we conclude that the ambivalence in their overall attitudes seem to mirror the ambivalence of the ‘double’ definitions of English in policy documents, which are largely incompatible in setting the goals of teaching and learning the language. We suggest that university teaching help pre-service teachers experience real-life use of English and critically engage with policy documents for future teaching practices.
Democrazia e classe senatoria a vita, un contro-esempio
Authors: Misuraca Francesco
Published: August 2021

I senatori a vita o i senatori per sette anni sono personalità democratiche di tipo sui generis. Sembrano derogare dal contesto della democrazia e dal suo concetto di delega temporanea del potere sovrano. In proposito l’esame delle tesi di Popper sulle costituzioni (e istituzioni) democratiche da lui sviluppate nei volumi della sua opera “The Open Society” offre una mappatura delle principali costituzioni politiche e di inquadrare il fenomeno dei “senatori a vita”. Il razionalismo critico di Popper è, dunque, una teoria filosofica sulle costituzioni democratiche abbastanza standard oggi, che si può considerare valida come criterio di indagine delle attuali riforme costituzionale proposte, in quanto filosofica e non politica (super partes in quanto filosofica), inclusa la riforma proposta di una definitiva rimozione dei senatori a vita.
Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcaemia in Neonates with Jaundice
Authors: KC Rajesh , Kanodia Piush
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is seen mainly in the first week of life and in many of the cases it is only in physiological range which requires no intervention. Approximately 5-10% of them have clinically significant jaundice that requires phototherapy and even exchange transfusion. Phototherapy can produce various adverse effects; hypocalcaemia is one of the lesser known effects. So, estimation of calcium levels before and after phototherapy should be done in neonates with jaundice.
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine hypocalcaemia, in neonates receiving phototherapy, by measuring serum calcium levels.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted, from February 2020 to August 2020, on 50 neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Serum calcium levels were evaluated before and after phototherapy. Neonates were assessed for clinical features of hypocalcaemia i.e. jitteriness, irritability/ excitability and convulsions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.P value <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Frequency of hypocalcaemia after phototherapy was 26%. There was significant change in serum calcium levels before and after phototherapy (p<0.01). Among hypocalcaemic neonates, 56% were symptomatic; 38% developed jitteriness, 18% developed irritability / excitability and none of them developed convulsions.
Conclusion: Neonates undergoing phototherapy are at increased risk for hypocalcaemia. Monitoring for hypocalcaemia and its complications should be considered. However, universal recommendation of calcium supplementation is yet to be established but seems reasonable.
Patterns and Severity of Alcohol Consumption in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Niroula Niju
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Alcohol is a known cause of liver cirrhosis, with its incidence increasing in relation to the total amount and duration of intake. Excessive consumption of alcohol remains the main cause of alcohol-related liver disease and associated complications and deaths.
Aims: To delineate the drinking patterns and severity of alcohol consumption in alcoholic liver disease patients.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 95 patients of both sexes with the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), who were admitted in Medicine ward at Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj. The diagnosis of ALD was confirmed by the criteria of the ICD-10-CM. The severity of alcohol drinking screened and categorized as “low-risk drinkers,” “hazardous drinkers,” and “harmful drinkers” were based on the AUDIT score.
Results: Among a total of 95 ALD patients, the mean age was 45.10 ±7.60 years, the mean duration of alcohol use was 22.6 ±7.65 years and the average amount of alcohol consumed in grams/day was 240 ± 35. Majority of the patients consumed locally brewed alcohol, Raksi 46.3% followed by Jaad 22.1% and Others 11.6%. Very few patients consumed commercially available Spirits 6.3% or Beer 13.7%. Majority of patients were found to be drinking regular with intermittent bingeing pattern 61%, outside meal times 69.5% and hazardous drinking 53.7%.
Conclusion: Overall our analyses indicated a precise picture of drinking patterns in ALD patients that are profoundly influenced on several cofactors like alcohol type, duration of exposure, drinking patterns, cultural habits, availability of homemade beverages and individual susceptibility. We recommend screening for alcohol abuse in all adult patients presenting to the hospital as early detection of ALD can decrease its both morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of Depression among the Medical Students in Nepalgunj Medical College
Authors: Yadav Binod Kumar , Shah Gaurav Jung , Yadav Rahul , Mahat Rajendra , Joshi Aayush
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Mental health is an important aspect of overall health of a person. Depression is a common mental health problem all around the world. According to WHO, as many as 350 million people suffer from depression all over the globe. Medical studies are well known to be stressful for students and psychological problems like depression are quite common among medical students. Although many studies are done on mental health of students worldwide, studies on depression among medical students of Nepal are quite few.

Aims: To find out the prevalence of depression among medical students in Nepalgunj Medical College.

Methods: A descriptive study was done in the batch of 2016 with a Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) Questionnaire.

Results: The prevalence of depression among the study subjects was found to be 25.9%. Bullying was found to be a strong factor responsible for depression among medical students.

Conclusion: Depression was highly prevalent among the medical students. Students who were bullied and had appropriate pocket money suffered from higher levels of depression.
Correlation between Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Paudel Dhundi Raj
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extra esophageal variant of gastro esophageal reflux disease and is characterized by change in voice, recurrent throat clearing, chronic cough, discomfort in throat, globus. The larynx and pharynx are devoid of the normal acid clearance mechanism even three episodes of reflux per week seems to be associated with a significant disease.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the reflux symptom index and reflux finding score in patients with Laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted from November 2019 to October 2020 in total of 65 patients presented in department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nepalgunj Medcial College and Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj. Reflux symptom index questionnaire with nine Questions were answered by patients on a 5 point scale. Reflux symptom index of more than 13 out of total score of 45 was considered to indicate Laryngopharyngeal reflux were as, reflux finding score was based on laryngoscopic findings after evaluating 8 items. Score more than 7 out of 26 was taken as an indicator for presence of Laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Results: The reflux symptom index was more than 13 on 22 patients withmean11.85±3.48 and reflux finding score was more than 7 on 11 patients with mean 5.02±3.23 with statistically moderate correlation between reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (p=0.000,r=0.595).

Conclusion: There is moderate correlation between the reflux symptom index and reflux finding score. The combined use of these questionnaires and laryngoscopic findings can be more precise, practical and cost effective in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Efficacy of Oral Azithromycin versus Doxycycline in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Arjel Abhishek , Pokhrel Kumar , Sharma Sapana
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disease affecting adolescence of either sex, globally. Antibiotics like macrolides and tetracycline have been used with good results, studies comparing their efficacy are lacking. The present study compare the efficacy of Azithromycin v/s Doxycycline in acne vulgaris.

Aims: To compare the efficacy of Azithromycin and Doxycycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Methods: This is a prospective hospital based comparative study, conducted on 80 patients attending outpatient department of Dermatology, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital with acne vulgaris from July 2019 to April 2020. Patient were divided alternately into two groups, Group A received Azithromycin (n=40) and Group B Doxycycline (n=40) and compared the effects of treatment at 6 and 12 weeks. Efficacy assessment was done according to simple acne grading system.

Results: Acne was predominant in female (62.5%) as compared to male (37.5%). Patient between 16 to 20 years age group were more prone to acne (47.5%). Most of the patients had Grade II acne before treatment in both groups (Azithromycin 52.5%, Doxycycline 55%). After the treatment most of them improve to Grade I at 6 weeks (Azithromycin 50%, Doxycycline 55%) and to Grade zero at 12 weeks (Azithromycin 42.5%, Doxycycline 67.5%).There was no statistically significant difference in treatment efficacy between the two groups at 6 weeks but at 12 weeks efficacy of Doxycycline was significantly better than Azithromycin.

Conclusion:  Both oral Azithromycin and Doxycycline when given for treatment of acne vulgaris the analysis showed good improvement after 6 weeks of treatment but there was no statistically significant difference in the improvement in both groups (p 0.771). However after 12 weeks patient receiving Doxycycline showed statistically significant improvement (p 0.035) in comparison to the patients receiving Azithromycin.
Prevalence of Periodontitis among the People with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pant Bhawana Neupane , Goit Rajesh Kumar , Satyal Biswas , Poudel Abhishek
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic high level of blood sugar with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease which leads to the destruction of the periodontal ligament fibers and alveolar bone until tooth loss. Among the several factors that may manifest periodontitis like aging, genetic factors, poor oral hygiene, obesity and virulence of the attacking micro-organisms, type 2 diabetes mellitus has received the greatest attention.

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the association type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal condition among population in mid-western region of Nepal.

Methods: We screened 200 subjects of age group from 30 to 50 years and divided into two groups:  Group I – diabetic person and Group II were non diabetic. Oral examination was done to get the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need score and correlation between Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease was determined.

Results: Our result showed strong correlation between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. When the evaluation was done for prevalence of periodontal disease according to diabetes mellitus,  the prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in diabetic person compared to non-diabetic individuals (88% vs 74.4%, P=0.03).  [Odds Ratio = 11.826 and 95% confidence interval: 5.415-21.828].

Conclusion: Provided Diabetes mellitus related morbidity and mortality is burgeoning in our society and it is imperative to identify right indicators of periodontal disease for specific population.
The importance of Integrative Capital’s management to obtain the expected results in terms of investment in Human Capital
Authors: Bezerra Jaldemir , Ramos Tiago de Melo , Batista Maique dos Santos Bezerra , De-Bortoli Robelius
Published: August 2021

This article has as goal to discuss the importance of Integrative Capital’s management to obtain positive results from the investments of Human Capital from the sector of Human Resources of institutions of a private administrative nature and check what generates more positive results in Integrative Capital: the investment in human resources for titration or new ways of management of Integrative Capital. From the reach of these goals, the problem will be answered: How to obtain more results in terms of Integrative Capital from the Human Capital? The hypothesis that guides this article are: the management of Integrative Capital generates results so positive or more than the investments in human resources to obtaining the titration; Integrative Capital’s management does not generate such positive results as the investments in human resources for titration. Inferences, deductions and inductions were built from a qualitative analysis of data in congruence to the theorized aspects and presented data. The results presented the need of having a management of Integrative Capital for obtaining satisfactory results from human resources and that only the investment for obtaining titration does not provide the enlargement of Integrative Capital.
Regulation of Flipped Learning Activities in Programming
Authors: Gonçalves Anderson Cavalcante , Ferreira Deller James , Campos Dirson Santos de , Silva Uyara Ferreira
Published: August 2021

Flipped Learning can contribute significantly to learning, however there is an under-utilization of conceptual structures of design in the flipped classroom, with regard to the incorporation of pedagogical methods to promote the activities to be performed by students. The pedagogical design of flipped classrooms needs to provide a model that details how to facilitate activities before, during and after classes. It is important to analyze the moment before the classroom, which involves self-regulation, during the classroom which involves processes related to interaction and collaboration and after the classroom, related to reflective processes.  Developing and conducting a systematic review can contribute to an analysis of the current state of research on teacher facilitation in relation to student regulation in flipped learning related to teaching programming. The systematic review was carried out to identify all the research available on self-regulation and co-regulation by students during flipped learning in programming courses. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze relevant research related to the regulation and co-regulation of flipped learning activities in the teaching of programming, and to understand how the self-regulation and co-regulation of students has been approached to engage in activities before the classroom. class, collaboration and problem solving during classes and reflections after class. After a analysis of the articles listed by the systematic review, important gaps in the literature can be observed, such as the lack of approach to the three phases of flipped learning, regulation and co-regulation and all dimensions of regulation. Nor is there a theoretical framework based on processes and strategies of self and co-regulation for teaching computer programming. Thus, the present systematic review has significant relevance and highlights the need for studies that involve all elements of flipped learning in the teaching of programming.
Computational modeling of biosludge drying
Authors: Avelar Nayara Vilela , Rezende Ana Augusta Passos , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira , Silva Cláudio Mudadu , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Considerable increases in industrial and urban wastewater sludge generation in recent years require proper treatment, such as thermal drying, and disposal. The sludge drying is a complex process involving simultaneous and coupled heat and mass transfer, which can be modeled by taking into account mass and heat balances, and assuming that water diffuses according to kinetic laws. This research implemented a simulation model for biosludge drying processes to predict the temperature and moisture distribution inside the biosludge, using the COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation program v5.2. A parametric analysis was carried out to determine the effect of initial moisture content on biosludge final temperature and moisture reduction. The simulated temperature and moisture content were experimentally validated and good agreement was observed between the simulation and experimental results. This model is a useful tool to optimize the drying process and develop better strategies for the control of the system.
Effective Source Term Discretizations for Higher Accuracy Finite Volume Discretization of Parabolic Equations
Authors: Kyei Yaw
Published: August 2021

A finite volume method is applied to develop space-time discretizations for parabolic equations based on an equation error method.A space-time expansion of the local equation error based on flux integral formulation of the equation is first designed using a desiredframework of neighboring quadrature points for the solution and local source terms. The quadrature weights are then determined through aminimization process for the error which constitutes all local compact fluxes about each centroid within the computational domain.In utilizing a local source term distribution to account for diffusive fluxes, the right minimizing quadrature weights and collocationpoints including subgrid points for the source terms may be determined and optimized for higher accuracies as well as robust higher-ordercomputational convergence. The resulting local residuals form a more complete description of the truncation errors which are then utilizedto assess the computational performances of the resulting schemes. The effectiveness of the discretization method is demonstrated by theresults and analysis of the schemes.
WOMEN
Authors: Oliveira Richardson Lemos de , Kleber Fernandes Santana Wilder , Bessa Soares Eva , Brust Cristina , Rodrigues Balbino Fabiana , De Oliveira Campos da Veiga Daiane , Aparecida Alves Canto Edilane , Cristina Castro Soares Angélica , Rodrigues de Barros Rebecca , Cabral Monteiro Terto Amanda , Almeida de Macedo Heberth , De Menezes Adriana
Published: August 2021

The present paper delimited as a general objective to analyze the theme of women in relation to discrimination, violence and struggles in contemporary Brazil. This is a qualitative work, with a bibliographic nature, in which we revisit studies that deal with women and their struggles for insertion in the labor market, as well as the current conditions for the insertion of women in the commercial field. The relevance of our study lies in the current condition of women, who, according to the Brazilian Federal Constitution (1988), have the same rights as men, and it is necessary to discuss the subject. Given the degree of vulnerability of women in the context of domestic and family violence, it is of paramount importance that studies be developed that focus on ways to protect women against all forms of violence, bringing in their scope a range of possibilities for reflection. Our results pointed to a great scarcity that still exists in work opportunities for women, but despite the great discrimination, violence and struggles, in the twelfth century they have been gaining insertion and representation.
Cognitive Impairment Among Collegiate African American Student-Athletes Who Have One Or More Concussions
Authors: Panayi Monica , Guo Lei
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to examine concussion induced cognitive impairment among collegiate athletes for a long term. This study attempted to determine if there was a significant decrease in cognitive function in student-athletes with a history of concussion after one year of concussion. Totally 46 student athletes who were qualified was included in this study. Of all the 46 student athletes, 14 are females, and 32 males from the following sports: Women’s Basketball (n=3), Men’s Basketball (n=2), Football (n=30), Softball (n=7), Women’s Tennis (n=2), and Women’s Volleyball (n=2) (Table 1). The age range was18-23 years old. Seven of them had two or more concussions Results of this study showed that while all the scores of the ImPACT test improved after one year of concussion for the student-athletes with one or more concussions, there was significant improvement only in the processing speed. For the student-athletes with two or more concussions, the processing speed score after one year of concussions was a little lower even than the score after initial concussion, but it is not statistically significant.
Management of thoracic spinal cord injury in a professional American football athlete: illustrative case
Authors: Maroon Joseph C. , Faramand Andrew , Agarwal Nitin , Harrington Amanda L. , Agarwal Vikas , Norwig John , Okonkwo David O.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

A case of catastrophic thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) sustained by a professional American football player with severe scoliosis is presented.

OBSERVATIONS

A 25-year-old professional football player sustained an axial loading injury while tackling. Examination revealed a T8 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A complete SCI. Methylprednisolone and hypothermia protocols were initiated. Computed tomography scan of the thoracic spine demonstrated T8 and T9 facet fractures on the left at the apex of a 42° idiopathic scoliotic deformity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T2 spinal cord hyperintensity at T9. He regained trace movement of his right lower extremity over 12 hours, which was absent on posttrauma day 2. Repeat MRI revealed interval cord compression and worsening of T2 signal change at T7-T8 secondary to hematoma. Urgent decompression and fusion from T8 to T10 were performed. Additional treatment included high-dose omega-3 fatty acids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. A 2-month inpatient spinal cord rehabilitation program was followed by prolonged outpatient physical therapy. He currently can run and jump with minimal residual distal left lower limb spasticity.

LESSONS

This is the first known football-related thoracic SCI with idiopathic scoliosis. Aggressive medical and surgical intervention with intensive rehabilitation formed the treatment protocol, with a favorable outcome achieved.
Bilobed intramedullary and extramedullary bronchogenic cyst of the conus medullaris: illustrative case
Authors: Kweh Barry Ting Sheen , Roberts-Thomson Samuel , Verhellen Thomas , Nair Girish
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Spinal bronchogenic cysts are rare nonneoplastic congenital variants of neurenteric cysts. The natural history and surgical management of these lesions are poorly understood.

OBSERVATIONS

A 25-year-old male presented with progressive back pain and bilateral lower limb sciatica of 6 months’ duration. He had undergone subtotal resection of an intramedullary bronchogenic conus medullaris cyst 5 years prior. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a recurrent bilobed intramedullary and extramedullary conus medullaris cystic lesion. The authors resected the lesion via a posterior approach with the aid of intraoperative neuromonitoring. Gross total resection was precluded by the tightly adherent nature of the cyst and the fact that stimulation of a residual intramedullary portion of the lesion evoked external anal sphincter responses.

LESSONS

This is the first reported case of a bilobed intramedullary and extramedullary bronchogenic cyst of the conus medullaris. This unique case lends insight into the poorly defined embryogenesis of bronchogenic cysts by favoring the split notochord syndrome theory rather than the ectopic ectoderm proposal. The importance of neuromonitoring when resecting these tightly adherent lesions is demonstrated. Finally, although the secretory nature of these lesions portends a tendency for cyst reaccumulation, it is imperative to recognize that this is usually a slow process.