bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological aspects of research of export potential of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine
Authors: MUSHYN Ivanna , TARLOPOV Ihor
Published: December 2020

Introduction. In the context of globalization and modern economy, all countries are integrated through foreign economic relations and therefore cannot exist separately from others. For the stable economic growth of economic development, the use and realization of export potential is an important factor for developing countries (this group includes Ukraine). The priority for Ukraine is the sphere of agro-industrial complex, which is a strategically important sector and therefore plays a key role in the integration of the state into the world space and, accordingly, occupies an important place in the formation of export potential.
The purpose of the paper is to study the term "export potential", as well as its analysis and prospects in Ukraine; analysis of export indicators for previous periods on the example of the agro-industrial sector and providing proposals for methods of capacity analysis.
Results. The notion of “export potential” was directly considered as a significant factor influencing Ukraine's integration into the world economy, as well as its direct economic growth. An analysis of Ukraine's exports for 2015-2019 was conducted based on data from the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine in terms of the agricultural market, based on which ways to improve the country's export potential as a component of industry development were identified.
Conclusion. The analysis of scientific sources leads to the conclusion that today there is no unambiguous interpretation of the essence of the economic category “export potential of the country, industry”, which determines the relevance of the study. Prospects for further research are to identify concepts for assessing the export potential of the agricultural sector, identify factors influencing its formation and development, including the impact of production capacity of the industry, analysis of trade with major trading partners and identify potential target markets and trade positions of agricultural products.
Features of taxation in the agricultural complex of Ukraine
Authors: POKALCHUK Mykhailo , BINKOVSKA Yuliia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The issue of taxation of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine has always been relevant. Because the appropriate level of tax procedures ensures the proper implementation of agricultural producers of their activities.
The purpose of the paper is to determine the main features of taxation of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and to find out what problems arise during the payment of taxes by agricultural producers.
Results. The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine includes certain types of agricultural producers, the successful operation of which, first of all, depends on the appropriate level of state support, and in our case – tax support. Currently, the activities of agricultural producers are taxed in accordance with the rules of preferential or simplified taxation (payment of a single tax of the fourth group), but they are also given the right to choose the type of taxation on general terms (income tax). General taxation should be understood as payment of a number of taxes established by the TCU: income tax, value added tax, property tax (land tax), rent for special use of water. As for the simplified taxation system, it applies to taxpayers of the fourth tax groups.
Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of theoretical generalization, a description of tax regulation was given as one of the main means used by the state to regulate business activities.
Legal status of the leasing company in the financial services market
Authors: NIKONCHUK Maksym
Published: December 2020

In the world economy, leasing is the second largest investment after bank lending. That is why the emphasis on strengthening the new industry in Ukraine is important. The paper analyzes the literature and current legislation of Ukraine on the legal status of the leasing company and the provision of leasing services. The lack of terminological definition of a leasing company is emphasized, the terminology proposed by scientists on this issue is given. A comparative description of the main global leasing business models and their integration into the financial services market of Ukraine. An analysis is made of business entities that provide leasing services. The objective possibilities of banking and non-banking leasing companies are compared. The structure of leasing companies, the mechanism of their work, the market share of services are considered. Due to the lack of settlement of many issues related to the provision of leasing services, and the existence of an inefficient existing leasing market system in Ukraine, proposals are submitted in parallel with the NBU project to improve the existing order. The substantiation of the role of leasing companies in the financial services market, conditions and methods of leasing operations is of great importance, which will create an effective leasing system in Ukraine while the development of the financial leasing segment will meet the needs for quality and affordable leasing services. The regulatory model should ensure the functioning of an efficient and transparent financial leasing market, its harmonious development, as well as the avoidance of unjustified requirements that could harm such development. This model should also help eliminate the negative factors that hinder the development of financial leasing.
Features of formation and use of Incoterms rules in different editions
Authors: HANAS Liubov , TODOSHCHUK Andrii
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The globalization of the world space is an irreversible process and it requires clear generalizations and systematization. In the trade sphere, these are the rules of Incoterms. The study of these rules is quite an actual problem today, considering that nine interpretations have been formed, the last of which took place this year.
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the editions of Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce in order to unify the rules of international trade.
Results. As of January 1, 2020, nine editions of the rules of international and domestic trade were formed – Incoterms: 1936, 1953, 1967, 1974, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The first systematization of the rules of international trade had six conditions (FAS, FOB, CNF, CIF, EXS, EXQ), which directly related to sea or river transport. The next edition took place only 17 years later. This edition adds three terms of delivery, that did not apply to water transport (FOT, FOR and DCP). The third edition was made in 1967, as a result DAF and DDP terms were added. The fourth edition was published in 1974. This led to the inclusion of a new term FOB Airport – «Free on Board Airport». In 1980, the term FRC (Free Carrier… Named at Point) was introduced. All versions of the rules before 1990 were based on the introduction of additional terms that would be convenient to use in international trade. And in 1990, the International Chamber of Commerce updated the list of Incoterms by eliminating inapplicable and introducing new terms. A new version of the rules was published in 2000, however, neither the quantity nor the names of the terms of delivery have changed. The interpretation of certain terms has changed. The eighth edition was made in 2010, but came into force on January 1, 2011. This interpretation presents eleven conditions of Incoterms. The eighth edition introduced significant changes into the group “D”. The ninth version of the terms of international deliveries came into force on January 1, 2020, indicating the main changes related to product insurance, replacement of delivery from the group “D”, changes in the order of items within the definition of obligations of buyer and seller, etc.
Conclusions. The Incoterms rules do not replace the contract between the buyer and the seller, they only define the main obligations, risks and costs, unless otherwise agreed by the parties of the contract. Incoterms are extremely important in the unification of international trade and they will change in the process of international trade in case of occurrence of such a need.
Interaction principles between the parameters of flows consisting of people with limited mobility
Authors: Холщевников Валерий Васильевич , Семин Алексей Алексеевич , Роганина Мария Александровна
Published: December 2020

Целью работы является установление закономерностей связи между параметрами потоков, состоящих из людей с ограниченными возможностями передвижения. Рассматриваются исследования эвакуации пациентов и персонала из здания поликлинического корпуса. Последовательно отображаются методы исследования и обработанные с помощью математической статистики эмпирические данные. Приведены различия между полученными данными и нормативными документами.

The technical regulations on fire safety provide for the need to ensure in buildings and facilities for various purposes an individual fire risk level below 10-6 per year. At the same time: “Escape routes should not include elevators ...”. In these conditions the psychophysiological qualities and physical condition of patients determine the possibility of their timely and unhindered evacuation. The specifics of the physical capabilities of the main functional contingent of patients in buildings of medical institutions determined the need for special full-scale observations of the human flows movement in order to establish scientifically reasoned patterns of interaction principles between their parameters, likely during evacuation in emergency situations, in particular, in case of fire. The article considers the oldest (1773) medical multi-specialty institution in Russia - M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute. A full-scale observation of people evacuation along horizontal paths and stairs from the polyclinic buildings was carried out to define the calculated values of human flows parameters. The methodology of full-scale observations during training evacuation is described. Interaction principles between the flow parameters during evacuation were established. The classification of traffic conditions is made. There is given the comparison of values describing the interaction principles between the parameters of human flows in normalization and in the obtained empirical data. Instead of the same speeds of free movement along the horizontal path and down the stairs, the studied population has almost identical threshold values of the flow density when moving along these types of path: D = 1.08 people / m. This indicates the identical very high sensitivity (1/D) of the sensor system with limited mobility to flow density changes on these types of path.
Creation of a structurally unified series of isulating heat and environment resistant suits of autonomous type for firefighters
Authors: Логинов Владимир Иванович , Михайлов Евгений Сергеевич
Published: December 2020

Анализ тушения пожаров на химически опасных объектах показывает, что для обеспечения комплексной надежной защиты человека необходим широкий ассортимент специальной защитной одежды изолирующего типа (СЗО ИТ) для различных условий эксплуатации. Одним из возможных путей его быстрого создания является разработка конструктивно-унифицированных рядов (КУР) таких изделий. Сформирован подход к созданию КУР термоагрессивостойких костюмов (ТАСК) для пожарных, в основе которого лежит блочно-модульный принцип, когда, используя базовое изделие, готовят последующие его модификации с различными характеристиками. Конструктивно-унифицированный подход к созданию модельного ряда ТАСК позволяет поддерживать характеристики изделия на требуемом уровне без серьезных конструктивных изменений, только совершенствуя технологии, материалы, в соответствии с условиями эксплуатации и требованиями заказчиков.

Analysis of fire extinguishing at chemically hazardous facilities shows that to provide comprehensive, reliable human protection, a wide range of special protective clothing of the insulating type (SPC IT) is necessary for various operating conditions. One of the possible ways of its creation is the development of structurally unified series (SUS) of such products. There is developed an approach to create a SUS of heat and environment resistant suits (HERS) for firefighters. The creation of a series of products is based on a block-modular principle i.e. on the base of the basic model there are created subsequent modifications with different characteristics. Studies have shown that as an optimal base model for SUS HERS can be HERS produced by AO “PTS”. On the basis of the existing basic model there were carried out researches and design works to develop a wide range of heat and environment resistant suits for various working conditions, which increase the performance efficiency for every suit type. This principle, if necessary, allows to replace some components of personal protective equipment for different tasks. The design-unified approach to the creation of HERS model range allows to keep the product characteristics at the required level without major structural changes, only by improving technologies, materials in accordance with the operating conditions and customer requirements. At the same time, there are eliminated difficulties when operating HERS, included in SUS, in fire departments of various types, in particular, when using, washing, dry cleaning, drying, storage. The organizational and technical system of HERS operation is being improved, including such components as training and the procedure of operation accounting, service life, terms of repair, write-off and replacement of components as well as restoration of protective properties while operating and repair engineering.
Determination of the liquid evaporation rate when categorizing rooms and outdoor installations
Authors: Земский Геннадий Тимофеевич , Зуйков Владимир Александрович , Ильичев Александр Валерьевич , Кондратюк Наталья Валентиновна , Зуйков Александр Владимирович
Published: December 2020

Возможность взрыва паровоздушной смеси при аварийном проливе жидкости из технологического аппарата во многом зависит от интенсивности испарения жидкости. Для определения интенсивности испарения существуют уравнения, в которые входят величины, характеризующие свойства жидкости, условия ее нахождения в аппарате перед аварией и условия, в которые попадает выливающаяся жидкость. Критически рассмотрены известные уравнения для определения интенсивности испарения, начиная от уравнения Ленгмюра - Кнудсена и заканчивая уравнениями, вошедшими в нормативные документы по обеспечению пожарной безопасности. Рассмотрены варианты аварийного пролива пожароопасных жидкостей в зависимости от сочетания следующих температур: температуры кипения жидкости, температуры вспышки жидкости, температуры жидкости до пролива и температуры окружающей среды.

The possibility of an explosion of a steam-air mixture in the event of an emergency spillage of liquid from the process apparatus largely depends on the liquid evaporation intensity. The evaporation intensity is influenced by the following factors: the properties of the liquid (such as critical parameters, liquid temperature, saturated vapor pressure, flash point) as well as the temperature and pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. To determine the intensity of evaporation there are equations that include values that characterize the properties of the liquid, the conditions of its presence in the device before the accident, and the conditions for the spilling liquid after the accident. There is critically considered the wide range of known equations for determining the evaporation intensity beginning with the Langmuir-Knudsen equation and ending with the equations included in the normative documents on fire safety. The Langmuir-Knudsen equation is valid when liquid evaporation occurs in vacuum. When liquid vaporizes in real conditions it is necessary to take into account the non-isothermic nature of the process and the diffusion of vapors into the atmosphere, as well as the possible entrainment of vapors by convective air flows. After the appropriate corrections as a result of special tests there was obtained the equation for determining the evaporation rate. Variants of emergency spillage of fire-hazardous liquids are considered depending on a combination of the following temperatures: the boiling temperature of the liquid, the flash temperature of the liquid, the temperature of the liquid before the spill and the ambient temperature. Equations for calculating the evaporation intensity are defined for every variant. There is carried out correlation of the variants with liquid evaporation during emergency spill with the classification of liquids according to the state diagram in relation to the range of ambient temperatures according to Marshall.
SALGIN HASTALIKLARIN CUMHURİYETTEN GÜNÜMÜZE LİSE TARİH DERS KİTAPLARINDA İŞLENİŞİNE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: ÇENCEN Namık
Published: December 2020

Lise ders kitaplarının neleri içereceği, bu içeriğin (bilgi ve değerlerin) nasıl aktarılacağı öğretim programlarında yer alan amaç ve kazanımlar doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada da insanlık tarihinin şekillenmesinde etki eden faktörlerden tali nedenler arasında düşünebileceğimiz “Salgın Hastalıklar” konusunun lise tarih ders kitaplarında nasıl işlendiği ortaya konularak, konunun ders kitapların işlenmesine yönelik yeni alternatif yaklaşımlar sunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma deseninde tasarlanmış olup, araştırmada doküman incelemesi ve betimsel içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amaçları doğrultusunda 1933’den günümüze ortaöğretim lise1-2-3-4’de okutulan tarih ders kitapları incelenerek veriler betimsel analizle yorumlanmıştır. İncelenen ders kitaplarından 1933 ve 1934 yılında okutulan tarih ders kitaplarının (I, II, III ve IV) yazıldıkları döneme kadar tarihe damga vuran salgın hastalıklara incelenen diğer kitaplardan daha bütüncül ve kapsamlı bir şekilde işlediği görülmektedir. İncelenen 9., 10., 11. ve 12. sınıf ders kitapları içinde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi veya Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük ders kitapları salgın hastalıklara daha fazla yer vermiştir. Bu ders kitaplarında, tarihi süreç içinde kurulan devletlerin medeniyet, kültür ve bilim çalışmaları içerisinde sağlık konuları işlenmiş ancak salgın hastalıklar konusuna ya hiç değinilmemiş ya da çok kısa bahsedilmiştir. Tarih ders kitaplarında salgın hastalıklar; etkili oldukları dönemler, salgının ortaya çıkışı, etkileri ve alınan tedbirler öğretim programındaki ünite ve süreleri göz önünde bulundurularak salgın hastalıklar konusu bilimsel ve biçimsel içerik yönünden etkinlik örnekleriyle zenginleştirilerek yer verilebilirler.
COVID-19 SALGINI DÖNEMİNDE YÜRÜTÜLEN UZAKTAN EĞİTİM ÇALIŞMALARININ ÖĞRETMENLER TARAFINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE SONRAKİ SÜRECE İLİŞKİN ÖNERİLER
Authors: ÜNAL Merve , BULUNUZ Nermin
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı Fen Bilimleri öğretmenlerinin Covid-19 salgını 2020 Bahar döneminde ülkemizde yürütülen “uzaktan eğitim” çalışmaları hakkındaki düşüncelerini tespit etmektir. Çalışmaya katılan 10 öğretmenin deneyimlerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla araştırmada nitel yöntemlerden “örnek olay çalışması” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada görev alacak öğretmenler belirlenirken “amaçlı örnekleme” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin süreçte “uzaktan eğitim deneyimlerini” tespit etmeye yönelik 12 açık uçlu soru hazırlanmıştır. Öğretmenler ile salgın sürecinde yüz yüze görüşmenin mümkün olmaması nedeni ile sorular katılımcılara e-posta yoluyla gönderilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin verdikleri cevaplardan elde edilen veriler içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular incelendiğinde öğretmenler EBA’yı bu süreçte aktif olarak kullandıklarını, “canlı ders” uygulamasının başlamasıyla da uzaktan eğitimin daha verimli hale geldiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Öğretmenler ilk zamanlarda sistemden kaynaklanan teknik sıkıntılar yaşamış olmalarına rağmen, daha sonra bu sıkıntıların kısmen ortadan kalktığını ifade etmişlerdir. Öğretmenler için en önemli problem internet, bilgisayar, akıllı telefonu olmayan öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim sürecinden faydalanamaması olmuştur. Öğretmenler önümüzdeki dönemlerde yüz yüze eğitime alternatif “tamamlayıcı eğitimin” hep var olması gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Canlı dersler ilk başladığı zamanlarda tedirginlik yaşayan öğretmenlere bu konuda sonraki süreçte “hizmet içi eğitimlerin” düzenlenmesi gerektiği ifade edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, okulların 2020 Güz döneminde açılması durumunda idareci, öğretmen ve öğrencilerin virüsün bulaşıcılığını azaltmak amacı ile dikkat etmesi gereken durumlar öneriler halinde listelenmiştir.
Compassion as Caring in Crisis: Reflections of an Educator
Authors: Martinez Rudolf Cymorr Kirby
Published: December 2020

This editorial argues that in times of crisis, the most appropriate expression of caring for educators is the language of compassion rather than academic competence. It further maintained that within moments of crisis, empathy, authentic presence, and mediacy are voices of this language. In times like these, the best way to teach compassion is to live and speak its language.
“Journey of Uncertainties:” Nature of Transitioning among Persons Living with Undetectable HIV
Authors: Martinez Rudolf Cymorr Kirby
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The management of persons living with HIV gears towards making that person “seronegative,” undetectable in screening and practically with almost no risk of transmitting the disease. Although the trajectory of this management is clear, the process by which the person living with HIV transition from being seropositive to seronegative remains to be explored. There remains to be a paucity of research on the nature of transitioning among seronegative persons living with HIV especially from the lens of an Asian nation.

Methodology: This study explored the nature of transitioning among nine (9) seronegative persons living with HIV. Grounded on the Rogerian Science of Unitary Human Being as its philosophical underpinning and Gadamerian interpretative phenomenology as its approach, nine (9) informants were selected with the following criteria: They are 1) Persons living with HIV for at least 2 years; 2) Seronegative for at least a year during the time of the interview, and 3) Willing to articulate and share their experiences. After obtaining approval from the University Research Ethics Board, multiple in-depth interviews, story-telling sessions, and photo-elicitation were utilized to gather the informants' narratives.

Findings: After a series of reflective analyses, the following nature of transitioning was identified: (1) transitioning as a conscious deliberate choice, (2) transitioning as an unpredictable struggle of being, and (3) transitioning as seeking a personal sense of normalcy. These transition patterns reflect the moment to moment deliberate choice of existence by the informants. The transition moments are appreciated thru the lens of unpredictability and internal struggles as they try to create a sense of normalcy amidst their transitioning situations.

Implications: Insights from this study suggest that though the process of transitioning among informants seems varied, the core patterns of deliberateness, unpredictability, and sense of normalcy cut across their stories. Persistent support from peers and family sustained counseling from diagnosis to being seronegative and health teaching focusing on risky behavior while transitioning are implied techniques to provide support during their transitioning process. The sense of immediacy and genuine presence from health care providers caring for these persons seems to be appreciated as a supportive mechanism of their transitioning journey.
Evaluación del grado de acidez, flujo salival y placa dental en gestantes y no gestantes, Hospital Regional Virgen de Fátima, Chachapoyas – 2018
Authors: Ordinola Carla
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación de enfoque cuantitativo; nivel relacional comparativo; tipo observacional, prospectivo, transversal y analítico; evaluó el grado de acidez, flujo salival y placa dental de pacientes gestantes y no gestantes, Hospital Regional Virgen de Fátima, Chachapoyas - 2018. Así, 118 mujeres (60 gestantes y 58 no gestantes) fueron atendidos en el HRVF, Chachapoyas – Amazonas. Se midió el pH salival con un pH metro digital Oakton pH 450, se recolectó saliva segregada no estimulada, medido en jeringas de tuberculina, la placa dental se evidenció al administrar una pastilla reveladora, anotando los valores observados en la ficha para su posterior cálculo del Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHOS). Obteniendo el 5.1 % presentó pH ácido y el 44.1 % presentó pH neutro (no gestantes); 20.4 % presentó pH ácido y el 30.5 % presentó pH neutro (gestantes). Flujo salival, ambos grupos presentan un nivel muy alto, solo el 2.5 % se encuentra en un rango normal en no gestantes y 0.8 % se encuentra en un nivel bajo en gestantes. El (IHOS), el 11.9 % y el 29.7 % se encuentran en parámetros de óptimo y regular respectivamente, el 7.6% se encuentra en un parámetro malo (no gestantes). El 0.8 % optimo, el 25.4 % regular, el 23.7 % en malo y el 0.8 % muy malo (gestantes).
Transformation of the International Order under Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Humeniuk Borys
Published: December 2020

The article highlights the political and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The factors of transformation of the international order in the conditions of the world pandemic are analysed. It has been shown that pandemics are an invisible enemy, which consolidates efforts of the entire world community. The coronavirus pandemic will undoubtedly affect the balance of power in the world and will have a major impact on the global economic development.
It is obvious that globalisation will continue to evolve, both ideologically and practically. The formation of new connections among people and countries can hardly be stopped completely. However, the forms of globalisation will undoubtedly change. The international community should seek for a new balance between the challenges of national and global development. Besides, it is important for Ukraine, as well as all other countries of the world, not to lose pace in these efforts. The COVID-19 pandemic will contribute to the further virtualisation of all spheres of human life. The fields of trade, education, medicine, and entertainment may finally move to the Internet. Finally, the governments of many countries are likely to develop measures to restore or expand national production in strategically important areas, including food and medical industries. The policy of supporting internal markets is once again reclaiming its popularity.
The crisis surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic has come as a surprise and a challenge to the entire global community and the international system, which find themselves in a state of simultaneous fragmentation and integration. Geopolitical uncertainty, populism, nationalism, and protectionism have already had a negative impact on the economy, and the coronavirus pandemic has only exacerbated these trends. Their growth could lead to the destruction of transport and production links and put an end to globalisation in its current form.
Keywords: pandemic, coronavirus COVID-19, transformation, international order, globalisation, world economy.
મીરાંબાઈના પદોમાં લોકજીવનની આસ્થા તથા સાંસ્કૃતિક ચેતના
Authors: Thakar Nandini
Published: December 2020

મધ્યકાલીન સંત કવયિત્રી ‘મીરાંબાઈ’ તેના ‘પદ’ અને ‘કૃષ્ણપ્રેમ’ને કારણે જગવિખ્યાત થઇ ગઈ. કૃષ્ણપ્રેમની તાલાવેલીને કારણે તેના મનના ભાવો, તેણે અનુભવેલું દર્દ શબ્દોમાં ઢળી ગયા અને ગીત બની ગયા. મીરાંની કવિકીર્તિ તેણે રચેલા પદને લીધે છે. પ્રેમલક્ષણા ભક્તિનું ખળખળતું ઝરણું એટલે મીરાં. મીરાં જ્યાં જ્યાં ગઈ તે-તે પ્રદેશની લોકબોલીમાં કાવ્ય સર્જન કર્યું. જેમાં મારવાડી / રાજસ્થાની, હિંદી , વ્રજભાષા અને ગુજરાતી ભાષાનો સમાવેશ થાય છે. કૃષ્ણપ્રેમ અને કૃષ્ણમિલન માટેની તાલાવેલી, તલસાટ, વિહવળતા અને તેણે લીધે અનુભવાતી વ્યાકુળતા તેના પ્રત્યેક પદમાં પ્રગટ થતી જોવા મળે છે. મીરાંબાઈના સમયની સંસ્કૃતિ, ત્યારનું લોકજીવન, મધ્યકાલીન નારીજીવન વિષે આ લેખમાં વિગતે વાત કરવામાં આવી છે. લોકપરંપરા અને આસ્થાના સુભગ સમન્વયને મીરાંબાઈના પદોમાં જોવાનો અહીં પ્રયાસ છે. મારાં સંશોધન કાર્યના એક ભાગ તરીકે મીરાંબાઈના પદોમાં લોકજીવન અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ચેતનાની ઝાંખી કરાવીને પદોનું ભાતીગળ સૌન્દર્ય ઉપજાવ્યું છે.
As Conchas de Ruskin
Authors: Donaldson Christopher
Published: December 2020

John Ruskin (1819–1900) formou uma coleção impressionante de conchas ao longo de sua vida.  Durante seus últimos anos de vida, ele expôs alguns dos frutos de seu trabalho em Brantwood, sua residência com vista para o lago Coniston Water, ao noroeste da Inglaterra.  Ruskin estimava suas conchas por sua beleza.  Ele as colocou em um armário de vidro junto com espécimes geológicos, artefatos históricos e obras de arte.  Mas o interesse de Ruskin em sua coleção de conchas não era superficial.  No presente artigo, pondero a respeito do real significado encontrado por Ruskin em suas conchas, tanto marinhas como terrestres, e reflito sobre como seus estudos sobre as conchas mostram princípios de seus escritos sobre arte e arquitetura, bem como sua atitude quanto às ciências naturais.   A fim de definir uma abordagem para essas questões, começo este artigo considerando as opiniões de outros autores que escreveram sobre a beleza e peculiaridade das conchas.  Procuro então contrastar tais apreciações estéticas com as contemplações mais eticamente esclarecidas de Ruskin.
Notas de um Estudo: reflexões contemporâneas sobre um texto
Authors: Zein Ruth Verde
Published: December 2020

Escrito em 1976/7 pelo arquiteto e professor brasileiro Rodrigo Brotero Lefèvre, o texto “Notas de um Estudo sobre Objetivos do Ensino da Arquitetura e Meios para Atingi-los em Trabalho de Projeto” discute alguns parâmetros e caminhos para ajudar a superar as lacunas entre ensino e prática, entre atividades de projeto e atividades de construção, entre a individualidade da criação e a necessidade de aprender a trabalhar criativamente em equipe. Esta releitura desse texto fundamental procura entender algumas das circunstâncias do autor e seu tempo e algumas das reflexões mais relevantes que o texto propõe, que incluem possíveis caminhos para lidar com as dificuldades e obstáculos a serem superados, assim como as vantagens e o interesse em se promover e ativar a possibilidade do processo de projeto arquitetônico ser praticado tanto como um processo individual de autoconhecimento como um processo de trabalho coletivo em equipe.
Precisamos de uma arquitetura política para resistir a uma arquitetura civilizatória
Authors: Lara Fernando Luiz
Published: December 2020

A Arquitetura sempre foi um mecanismo de controle territorial. A missão civilizadora embutida em nossa profissão vem com uma camada de colonialidade da qual precisamos primeiro estar conscientes e depois subverter. Arturo Escobar em sua discussão explica a colonização como algo inerente à modernização, sendo nossa civilização e nossos processos civilizatórios diretamente responsáveis pelos males sociais que nos cercam hoje. A questão resultante diz respeito ao papel da arquitetura como ferramenta e resultado de tal modernização/colonização e os possíveis antídotos que eu acredito se encontrarem na esfera política.
Arquitetura, Crítica Radical e Revolução no Brasil
Authors: Lira José Tavares Correia de
Published: December 2020

Desde os anos 1950, tornou-se um lugar-comum nacional assinalar a miséria da crítica arquitetônica no Brasil, como se o magnetismo internacional da arquitetura moderna local tivesse bloqueado qualquer possibilidade de escapar de perspectivas ora apologéticas, ora de censura. Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar uma genealogia da crítica arquitetônica radical no Brasil, conectando alguns desafios intelectuais e políticos ao surgimento, desenvolvimento e declínio (ou persistência) da arquitetura moderna entre nós. Para tanto, retornarei a dois projetos críticos distintos: primeiro, os escritos sobre arquitetura do crítico de arte Mário Pedrosa (1900-1981), que, nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, buscava compreender o lastro cultural da arquitetura moderna no Brasil; em segundo lugar, um discurso mais comprometido profissionalmente, levantado entre os anos 1960 e 1970 pelo arquiteto Sérgio Ferro (1938-), para quem o papel sociotécnico do projeto deveria ser testado diante da modernização material brasileira. Ao fazer isso, espero poder tocar alguns dos dilemas críticos contemporâneos em face da disciplina, sua história e sua atualidade intelectual e política.
Arquitetura como práxis: apontamentos sobre o legado da Arquitetura Nova
Authors: Sacconi Davide
Published: December 2020

A separação entre desenho e canteiro, identificada pela Arquitetura Nova como a clivagem do conflito entre capital e trabalho, opera hoje em uma realidade aumentada. O papel do arquiteto é o de um ilusionista que reduz a complexidade do trabalho arquitetônico à busca pela singu-laridade, um processo no qual o capital é reificado e reproduzido infinitamente através da circulação generalizada de imagens. Contra essa condição, o trabalho da Arquitetura Nova oferece um método. Como grupo eles exerceram uma forma radicalmente coletiva de projeto contra a autoria, e colocaram o saber dos trabalhadores no centro dos processos de projetação e construção. Além disso, eles transformaram a lacuna entre o sujeito real e aquele imaginado pela sua teoria e prática na substância do seu projeto político. O arquétipo da abóbada, em sua própria forma material, expõe e reivindica a arquitetura como conhe-cimento comum produzido coletivamente: arquitetura como práxis, ação racional critica.
Notas sobre o realismo de Sérgio Ferro e Flávio Império
Authors: Contier Felipe , Loureiro Lívia
Published: December 2020

Este texto pretende realizar uma aproximação ao realismo na produção de Sérgio Ferro e Flávio Império. O tema foi abordado através de uma análise geral do conceito, entrelaçando as reflexões dos arquitetos pintores nos anos de 1960, algumas cenografias de Flávio Império para o Teatro de Arena, e o debate crítico sobre arquitetura. Apesar das diferenças entre cada um dos campos, é possível notar uma convergência em torno da cultura artística realista que os autores criticaram em reconhecimento à realidade social brasileira.
Arkaik Dönem’de Yunan Symposion Geleneği ve Kahraman Kültü İlişkisi
Authors: ŞİRVAN Berna
Published: December 2020

Symposion, Antik Yunan medeniyetini meydana getiren birçok ritüel pratikten biridir. Genellikle ziyafet kültürünün bir parçası olduğu düşünülür. Şarap bu oluşumun merkezinde yer alır. Symposion’da şarap tüketimi, içinde birçok unsuru barındıran bir ritüele dönüşmüştür. Toplumsal güç dengelerinin değişimine paralel olarak birçok symposion türü ortaya çıkar. Her türün kendine özgü özellikleri vardır. Makalenin amacı, symposion'un sahip olduğu özelliklerinin temelinde var olan kahraman kültüne ait izleri ortaya koymaktır. Antik Yunan'da kahraman kültü, kökeni Myken Dönemi'ne kadar giden ve temelinde kahraman tapınımı olan bir kült sistemidir. Kahramanın aristokratik, savaşçı, cesur, mücadeleci doğasının ve symposion betimlerindeki şarap tüketimi kültürünün, Arkaik Yunan symposion geleneğinin kökenini oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Kahraman kültünün Yunan symposion'una etkisi, Arkaik Dönem’e ait özellikle lirik şiirler, ikonografik betimlemeler ve arkeolojik sonuçlara dayanan kaynaklarda incelenmiştir. Farklı teoriler birlikte değerlendirilerek, incelenen konu kapsamında olası sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Symposion’un sadece ziyafetin bir parçası olarak değerlendirilemeyeceği anlaşılmaktadır. Symposion boyunca davetliler tarafından uyulması istenen ritüel pratikler, kahraman kültünün gereği olan birçok uygulamaya sahiptir. Bu yönüyle, symposion’un kahraman kültünün varlığını devam ettirmek ve gücünü arttırmak için kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuca symposion'un kökeni, Arkaik Dönem içindeki gelişimi, ritüel nesneler ve pratikler araştırılarak ulaşılmaktadır. ﻿
Atatürk Dönemi Erzincan Valileri
Authors: KESKİN Yusuf Ziya , KAYSER Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2020

Sözlükte vali “bir şeye çok yakın olan; yetkili kişi, yönetici” anlamındadır. Bu yönüyle vali, Türk devlet geleneğinde, idarenin başı olarak eyaletlerde ve şehirlerde asırlardır kamu bürokrasisinin en temel figürlerinden birisi olmuştur. Halkın devlet ile özdeşleştirdiği bu yapı, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde önemli bir değişim geçirerek, merkeziyetçi devlet anlayışının kurumsallaşmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Tanzimat Dönemiyle başlayıp, ilerleyen süreçte zaman zaman yeniden yapılandırılan taşra bürokrasisinde, valiler merkezi yönetimin mutlak temsilcisi olmakla birlikte; siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik yetkileri oldukça sınırlandırılmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmasıyla, taşra yönetimindeki mutlak merkeziyetçi yapı daha da artırılarak, yeni rejimin taşradaki en önemli temsilcileri, dolayısıyla da hedeflenen dönüşümün en önemli mümessillerinden birisi valiler olmuştur.Bu makalede, cumhuriyetin ilanıyla başlayıp 1939 yılına kadarki süreçte Erzincan’da valilik yapan Hasan Faiz Bey, Ahmet Cevdet Bey, Mehmet Fevzi Bey, Ahmet Azmi Bey, Hasan Tahsin Bey, Ali Kemali Bey, Ahmet Muhtar Bey ve Mehmet Fahri Bey’in dönemlerinde yaşanan gelişmeler üzerinde durulmuştur.
Osmanlı Toplumu’nda Aile: Rodoscuk Örneği (1785-1810)
Authors: DOĞANAY Pınar
Published: December 2020

Toplumun en küçük yapı taşını oluşturan “aile”, toplumlarda meydana gelen maddi ve manevi değişim ve dönüşümlerin etki ve sonuçlarının net olarak gözlenebildiği kurumların başında gelmektedir. Bu bağlamdan yola çıkarak Rodoscuk örneği üzerinden Osmanlı toplumunda aile kurumunun incelendiği bu çalışmada; on sekizinci yüzyılın son çeyreği ve on dokuzuncu yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Rodoscuk’taki aile hayatı üzerinde durulmuştur. “1785-1810” yıllarına ait altı adet Rodoscuk Şer’iye Sicilinin ana kaynak olarak kullanıldığı bu çalışmada; ilk olarak Rodoscuk’taki aile yapısı; aile tipleri, hâkimiyet esası, eş sayıları bakımından ayrı ayrı incelenmiş ardından aile kurumunun temel dinamikleri olan evlilik, boşanma, nafaka, miras ve vesâyet gibi konulara değinilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada; mevcut yerleşim yerinde bulunan Müslim ve Gayrimüslim tebaanın aile yaşantılarında pek çok yönden benzerlik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Global Environmental Issue and Sustainable Development
Authors: Danilov-Danilyan Viktor
Published: December 2020

The problem of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the biosphere is considered in the framework of ideas about the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. The possibility of giving an exact definition of the carrying capacity is discussed, the concept of its one-dimensional projection is introduced, and examples of one-dimensional projections are given. In relation to the biosphere, they relate, in particular, to the limits of growth. The traditional definition of the concept “sustainable development” is criticized, this definition is associated with the ideology of the consumer society. The features of the perception of environmental issues by the mass consciousness in a consumer society are described. Extensions of the notion “environment” and a new approach to the interpretation of the notion “sustainable development” due to this expansion are considered.
Cytomegalovirus associated severe pneumonia in three liver transplant recipients
Authors: Kose Adem , Yalcinsoy Murat , Samdanci Emine Turkmen , Barut Bora , Otlu Baris , Yilmaz Sezai , Bayindir Yasar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), is the most common opportunistic infection, remains a cause of life-threatening disease and allograft rejection in liver transplant (LT) recipients. The purpose of this case series is to state that CMV may lead to severe pneumonia along with other bacteria.

Methodology: CMV pneumonia was diagnosed with the thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan findings, bronchoscopic biopsy, real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and clinical symptoms. For extraction of CMV DNA from the clinical sample, EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0 (Qiagen, Germany) was used, and aplification was performed with CMV QS-RGQ Kit (Qiagen, Germany) on Rotor Gene Q 5 Plex HMR (Qiagen, Germany) device.

Results: All recipients had severe pneumonia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and at least two-fold increase in transaminases on seventh, twenty-eighth and twenty-second days after surgery, respectively. Thoracic CT scan revealed as diffuse interstitial infiltration in the lung parenchyma. Bronchoscopy, Gram-staining and culture from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were performed in all of them. During bronchoscopy, a bronchial biopsy was administered to two recipients. One recipient could not be performed procedure because of deep thrombocytopenia. PCR results were positive from serum and BAL fluid. Bronchial biopsy was compatible with CMV pneumonia. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosae was found in two cases and Klebsiella pneumoniae in one case BAL fluid cultures.

Conclusions: CMV pneumonia can be seen simultaneously with bacterial agents due to the indirect effects of the CMV. It should be kept in mind that CMV pneumonia may cause severe clinical courses and can be mortal.
What should we do for the safe transportation of COVID-19 patients?
Authors: Akatsuka Masayuki , Shimodate Yuki , Inaba Wakiko , Yamakage Michiaki
Published: December 2020

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A review of the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Arab world
Authors: Alwahaibi Nasar , Al-Maskari Muna , Al-Dhahli Buthaina , Al-Issaei Halima , Al-Bahlani Shadia
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading disease worldwide. It is a real test for all health authorities including Arab countries. In this review, we aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Arab world. In addition, to compare the findings of this study with other top affected countries.

Methodology: We searched for official websites from the Ministries of Health and other official sources in all 22 Arab countries. Medline, Science Direct and Google Scholar websites were also used to search for COVID-19, 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus. The time period was from 1 January 2020 to 31 May 2020.

Results: As of May 31, 2020, COVID-19 has caused 290,428 confirmed cases, 3,696 deaths and 157,886 cured cases in all Arab countries. In terms of confirmed cases, Saudi Arabia followed by Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and Egypt have the highest reported cases. However, the total number of deaths was dominant in Egypt, followed by Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and UAE. In comparison to other non-Arab countries and confirmed cases, Arab countries come fourth after USA, Brazil and Russia. In terms of death, the Arab world is not listed as the top ten affected countries as only scored eight deaths per million have been recorded.

Conclusions: Most Arab countries took some serious early steps to minimize the outbreak of COVID-19. At the moment, controlling the source of infection, the route of transmission and taking care of infected patients are the main challenges for health authorities in all Arab countries.
Comparison of radiation measurements by BTN and R3DR instruments outside International Space Station
Authors: Dachev Tsvetan , Semkova Jordanka , Tomov Borislav , Matviichuk Yury , Dimitrov Plamen , Bankov Nikolay , Koleva Rositza , Jordanova Malina , Litvak Maxim , Mitrofanov Igor , Golovin Dmitry , Kozyrev Alexander , Malakhov Alexey , Mokrousov Maxim , Sanin Anton , Tretyakov Vladislav , Shurshakov Viacheslav , Benghin Victor , Ivanova Olga
Published: December 2020

The article presents the first attempt to analyze data obtained simultaneously by the Russian BTN and Bulgarian R3DR instruments, flown in 2010 on the “Zvezda” module of the International space station (ISS). Both instruments have well established sensitivity against gamma radiation. This was verified in space, when the Russian spacecraft Soyuz TMA-16, initially docked to the aft port of the “Zvezda” module, was relocated to the zenith-facing port of the “Poisk” module on January 21, 2010. This maneuver brings a gamma ray source in the angle of view of both the BTN and R3DR instruments. The comparison of the data, after the relocation, for the first channels of the spectrometers reveals that they are elevated. This situation continues till March 18, 2010 when Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft was undocked from the ISS and landed. The final part of the paper, investigate the decrease of the R3DR instrument dose rates in the region of the South Atlantic anomaly (SAA), generated by the additional mass of the Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft.
Mathematical model and algorithm of operation of system for release of load from airplane
Authors: Atanasov Milen
Published: December 2020

The development of technology allows the accurate delivery of loads from an aircraft at a precise location using aboard aviation systems. For this purpose, a mathematical model and algorithm for a flight aviation system is proposed, which depending on the flight parameters and the coordinates of the load delivery point, automatically determines the release time.
Long endurance electric multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Zafirov Dimo
Published: December 2020

The article presents an algorithm for development of a Long endurance electric multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle. Calculations for usage of different types of electric batteries have been made and dependencies of flight time for different weights of batteries have been obtained. Options for quadcopter and sixcopter have been considered.
Application of cryotechnology in the creation of space foods for crews working in extreme conditions
Authors: Getsov Peter , Tsvetkov Tsvetan , Sotirov Georgi , Nacheva Iliana , Hubenova Zoya , Doneva Maria , Metodieva Petia
Published: December 2020

The article presents the achievements in the field of cryobiology and is related to the work for ESA project. Space food is a variety of food products specially formulated and processed for space flight use. Food should meet specific requirements to ensure balanced nutrition for those working in extreme conditions while being easily and safely stored, prepared and consumed in low gravity environments. It is reviewed domestic and foreign market for space foods and defined requirements to astronauts; for other users: military; extreme professions; extreme sports, for hospitals and children gardens. There are summarizes the nutritional requirements for all mentioned above group users of space foods. There is shown Bulgarian experience in research and development of space foods and comparison of the Bulgarian Space Menu.
A new edition of a book about the natural hazards, prevention and protection
Authors: Ranguelov Boyko
Published: December 2020

New Books
La coopération militaire franco-britannique après le Brexit
Authors: Abécassis Adrien , Howorth Jolyon
Published: December 2020

Les questions de défense n’ont pas été sérieusement intégrées aux négociations du Brexit. Mais la redéfinition des priorités stratégiques américaines laisse à Londres peu d’espoir d’un special partnership égalitaire. Le retour de la France à une conception « gaullienne » de puissance d’équilibre pourrait par contre ouvrir la voie à un nouveau partenariat, qui ne prendrait toute son efficacité que dans le cadre d’une Alliance rééquilibrée et plus « européanisée ». politique étrangère
Le Brexit est-il vraiment « anglais » ?
Authors: Tombs Robert , Tarpinian Cécile
Published: December 2020

Le résultat du référendum de 2016 ne traduisait pas un populisme, ou un exotisme culturel, spécifiquement anglais. L’opinion britannique était alors en phase avec les opinions européennes critiques vis-à-vis de l’Union européenne. La non-appartenance à la zone euro promettait une séparation sans trop graves effets. Séparation qu’annonçaient un fort attachement à la décision nationale et un détachement persistant vis-à-vis du projet européen, vu comme un simple lien économique. politique étrangère