bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inner-City Suburbanization – no Contradiction in Terms. Middle-Class Family Enclaves are Spreading in the Cities
Authors: Frank Susanne
Published: October 2016

The rapid emergence and spread of new housing quarters that specifically address middle-class families is a striking feature of current urban development. Despite being located in or near the city centres, many of these ‘family enclaves’ display social and physical characteristics that so far have been firmly associated with suburban living. Against this background, the purpose of this article is twofold. The first objective is to argue from a theoretical perspective that the notion of ‘inner-city suburbanization’ is appropriate and helpful to capture the hybrid and contradictory nature of these projects as well as of many of the current socio-spatial developments in Western metropolitan regions. For this purpose, the paper draws on newer approaches that conceive of (urban or suburban) ways of living as independent of specific (urban or suburban) spaces or places. The second issue, based on empirical research, is then to sketch the essential qualities of newly built middle-class family enclaves and to highlight their propagation as a major characteristic of urban transformation in Germany. Their continuing expansion is interpreted as an expression and catalyst of ongoing processes of inner-city suburbanization. It is asserted that suburbanism has not only made its mark on the outskirts of the cities but is increasingly conquering growing parts of the inner cities as well.
A novel TNFRSF1A gene mutation in a patient with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome
Authors: Khabazi Alireza , Maralani Mahafarin , Andalib Sasan , Sakhinia Ebrahim
Published: October 2016

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is a periodic fever syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. It stems from mutations in the TNFRSF1A (accession number: NM_001065) gene expressing the receptor for tumor necrosis factor α. A patient with TRAPS may present with prolonged episodes of fever attacks, abdominal pain, severe myalgia, and painful erythema on the trunk or extremities. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy with febrile attacks occurring every 1–2 months and continuing for 3–4 days. The patient experienced 40 °C-fever attacks without chills. Approximately 80% of fever attacks were accompanied by abdominal manifestations. Direct sequencing analysis was used to assess the genomic DNA of the patient, and a heterozygous R426L mutation in exon 10 of the TNFRSF1A gene in an autosomal dominant inheritance fashion was identified. Further genetic analyses were also carried out on his parents. Due to the fact that the mutation was not inherited from the parents, it was likely that R426L was a de novo and novel mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene, which can trigger TRAPS or TRAPS-like symptoms.
Neuronal exosomes reveal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in Down syndrome
Authors: Hamlett Eric D. , Goetzl Edward J. , Ledreux Aurélie , Vasilevko Vitaly , Boger Heather A. , LaRosa Angela , Clark David , Carroll Steven L. , Carmona‐Iragui María , Fortea Juan , Mufson Elliott J. , Sabbagh Marwan , Mohammed Abdul H. , Hartley Dean , Doran Eric , Lott Ira T. , Granholm Ann‐Charlotte
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and dementia early in life. Blood biomarkers of AD neuropathology would be valuable, as non‐AD intellectual disabilities of DS and AD dementia overlap clinically. We hypothesized that elevations of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and phosphorylated‐tau in neuronal exosomes may document preclinical AD.

Methods

AD neuropathogenic proteins Aβ1–42, P‐T181‐tau, and P‐S396‐tau were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays in extracts of neuronal exosomes purified from blood of individuals with DS and age‐matched controls.

Results

Neuronal exosome levels of Aβ1–42, P‐T181‐tau, and P‐S396‐tau were significantly elevated in individuals with DS compared with age‐matched controls at all ages beginning in childhood. No significant gender differences were observed.

Discussion

These early increases in Aβ1–42, P‐T181‐tau, and P‐S396‐tau in individuals with DS may provide a basis for early intervention as targeted treatments become available.
Influence of different menstrual phases on the Bispectral Index during dexmedetomidine sedation
Authors: Han Chao , Ge Sheng‐Jin , Huang Shao‐Qiang , Lu Yao‐Jun , Li Ning
Published: October 2016

To investigate the influence of different menstrual phases on the Bispectral Index (BIS) during dexmedetomidine (Dex) sedation, 40 patients with regular menstrual cycle, American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II, aged 18–40 years, undergoing selective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery, were enrolled. According to different menstrual phases and the serum progesterone concentration, they were divided into two groups: the follicular phase group (Group F) and the luteal phase group (Group L), and each group had 20 patients. Before anesthesia induction, patients were infused with an initial loading dose of Dex (1 μg/kg) for 10 minutes and then 0.5 μg/kg/h for 20 minutes. BIS and the changes in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were recorded within those 30 minutes. Time to lower BIS to 70 and 60 in Group L was shorter than that in Group F (9.4 ± 1.3 minutes vs. 11.3 ± 2.1 minutes, p = 0.005; 11.3 ± 2.4 minutes vs. 14.0 ± 3.6 minutes, p = 0.021). The number of patients whose BIS reached 50 in Group L was greater than that in Group F (15 vs. 8, p < 0.05). The lowest BIS value in the Group L was lower than that in Group F (46.8 ± 6.3 vs. 55.3 ± 5.5, p = 0.006), and the heart rate of patients in both groups showed a decrease (p < 0.05). The sedative effect of Dex was more significant in patients during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase.
Bank secrecy in offshore centres and capital flows: Does blacklisting matter?
Authors: Balakina Olga , D’Andrea Angelo , Masciandaro Donato
Published: October 2016

This study analyses cross‐border capital flows in order to verify the existence and direction of the effect of the soft regulation promoted by international organizations against banking secrecy which characterized the so called tax and financial heavens. This effect is called in the literature Stigma Effect, but both the existence and the direction of the stigma effect are far from being obvious. The international capital flows can simply neglect the relevance of the blacklisting, or worst, the attractiveness of banking secrecy can produce a race to the bottom: the desire to elude more transparent regulation can sensibly influence the capital movements. We test whether being included and later excluded from the FATF blacklist is an effective measure that influences countries’ cross‐border capital flows. Using annual panel data for the period 1996–2014, we apply our framework to 126 countries worldwide. We find evidence that in general the stigma effect does not exist.
Extraosseous plasmacytoma of the Maxilla: CT and MRI findings
Authors: Oda Takaaki , Sue Mikiko , Sasaki Yoshihiko , Kameta Ayako , Okada Yasuo , Tsuchimochi Makoto , Ogura Ichiro
Published: October 2016

Plasmacytomas are a localized proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and are less frequently seen in extraosseous organs or tissues. Extraosseous plasmacytoma is a rare malignant neoplasm and constitutes 3–5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. In this article, we describe a case of a patient with extraosseous plasmacytoma of the maxilla and the related computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Hegel’s Political Epistemology
Authors: Kervégan Jean-François
Published: October 2016

This article proposes an interpretation of Hegel’s famous maxim in the Preface of the Grundlinien: ‘What is rational is actual, and what is actual is rational’, not (as usual) as a politically conservative normative statement, but as an epistemological statement concerning the way in which philosophical discourse relates to reality. My aim is to take seriously Hegel’s claim that the purpose of philosophy is not to prescribe to the social world what it has to be but to define the mode through which it may be known.
Dynamics of a bubble bouncing at a liquid/liquid/gas interface
Authors: Feng Jie , Muradoglu Metin , Kim Hyoungsoo , Ault Jesse T. , Stone Howard A.
Published: October 2016

We study the dynamics of an air bubble bouncing at a liquid/liquid/gas interface, which we refer to as a compound interface. When a bubble interacts with a thin layer of oil on top of bulk water, the oil layer modifies the interfacial properties and thus the entire process of bouncing and bubble bursting. The influence on the bubble motion is experimentally and numerically investigated. Based on the coefficient of restitution and the damping rate of the bubble velocity profile, the damping increases with the oil layer thickness and viscosity. In addition, the effect of the oil layer thickness is more prominent for high-viscosity oil. Furthermore, a reduced-order mass–spring–damper model is proposed to describe the bubble bouncing at the compound interface, which predicts the time of the first contact of the bubble with the interface and agrees well with the experimental results. Such a model also captures the general experimental trends of the coefficient of restitution for the multiphase system. Our work contributes to a further understanding of the collision and coalescence of bubbles with a compound interface.
Turbulent kinetic energy decay in supersonic streamwise interacting vortices
Authors: Vergine Fabrizio , Ground Cody , Maddalena Luca
Published: October 2016

Only a few fundamental studies on the dynamics and interactions of supersonic streamwise vortices have been conducted so far despite the recognized potential of these structures to enhance supersonic mixing. In an effort to shed light on this largely unexplored field, multiple experimental campaigns were conducted in a Mach 2.5 flow to probe the dynamics of turbulence decay in complex flows originating from selected modes of supersonic streamwise vortex interaction. The first part of the manuscript presents the detailed study of two vortex interaction scenarios: one selected to obtain merging of co-rotating vortices and the other to prevent vorticity amalgamation. In the second part, data from three additional vortex merging cases are used to substantiate the findings of the first part of the study and characterize the decay of turbulence. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was employed to probe the resulting flow fields at different downstream stations. It was found that these complex vortex interactions measurably affect both the morphology and the magnitude of the streamwise vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy as well as the associated decays. Particularly, while the turbulent kinetic energy across each vorticity patch undergoes an initial production before decreasing monotonically in both scenarios, its content in the coalesced structure is roughly double that of the isolated vortices. The manuscript also presents the analysis of the turbulence data from 27 supersonic vortical structures differing in shape, strength and modes of interaction, acquired within a range of vortex Reynolds numbers of almost one order of magnitude. Dimensional analysis was then used to correlate the spatial decay of turbulent kinetic energy with the vortex Reynolds number. For all the cases considered here, where the fluctuating Mach number was found to be subsonic, the form of the resulting law was similar to that reported in previous scholarly publications, despite the complexity of the vortex dynamics considered in this work.
Paracapsulapagurus poponguinensis, a new hermit crab (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) from the Maastrichtian of Senegal
Authors: Hyžný Matúš , Fraaije René H.B. , Martin Jeremy E. , Perrier Vincent , Sarr Raphaël
Published: October 2016

Based on a single right cheliped from the Cape de Naze Formation (middle–upper Maastrichtian), Senegal, a new genus and species of hermit crab with capsulated setae is described.Paracapsulapagurus poponguinensisn. gen. n. sp. is characterized by platy, scale-like, non-spinose tubercles with setae arranged in curved rows. This is only the third record of a fossil hermit crab with capsulated setae. These are documented in detail using SEM-imaging. For the first time, capsulated setae are also figured for the Early Jurassic hermit crabSchobertella.
A FINITE-TO-ONE MAP FROM THE PERMUTATIONS ON A SET
Authors: SONPANOW NATTAPON , VEJJAJIVA PIMPEN
Published: October 2016

Forster [‘Finite-to-one maps’, J. Symbolic Logic68 (2003), 1251–1253] showed, in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, that if there is a finite-to-one map from ${\mathcal{P}}(A)$, the set of all subsets of a set $A$, onto $A$, then $A$ must be finite. If we assume the axiom of choice (AC), the cardinalities of ${\mathcal{P}}(A)$ and the set $S(A)$ of permutations on $A$ are equal for any infinite set $A$. In the absence of AC, we cannot make any conclusion about the relationship between the two cardinalities for an arbitrary infinite set. In this paper, we give a condition that makes Forster’s theorem, with ${\mathcal{P}}(A)$ replaced by $S(A)$, provable without AC.
Use of Force against Non-state Actors and the Circumstance Precluding Wrongfulness of Self-Defence
Authors: PADDEU FEDERICA I.
Published: October 2016

The right of self-defence against non-state actors is increasingly invoked and accepted in the practice of states. However, the recognition of this right must overcome a fundamental obstacle: that of explaining why the rights of the host state, in particular its right of territorial sovereignty, is not infringed by the self-defensive force used within its territory. In practice, states invoking self-defence against non-state actors rely on the involvement of the host state with those actors to justify the use of force in that state's territory. It is not clear, from a legal standpoint, how to rationalize the fact of involvement as a form of legal justification. For some, involvement amounts to attribution. For others, involvement is a form of complicity. For others still, involvement may entail a breach of the host state's due diligence obligation to protect the rights of other states in its territory. All of these solutions are deficient in some way, and have failed to receive general endorsement. This article considers whether there may be a different, as yet neglected, solution: self-defence as a circumstance precluding wrongfulness. The article shows that this is not a perfect solution either, since positive law remains uncertain on this point. Nevertheless, it is a solution that may provide a better normative framework for the development of the law of self-defence against non-state actors.
Treatment of depression in nursing home residents without significant cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Simning Adam , Simons Kelsey V.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Depression in nursing facilities is widespread and has been historically under-recognized and inadequately treated. Many interventions have targeted depression among residents with dementia in these settings. Less is known about depression treatment in residents without dementia who may be more likely to return to community living. Our study aimed to systematically evaluate randomized control trials (RCTs) in nursing facilities that targeted depression within samples largely comprised of residents without dementia.

Methods:

The following databases were evaluated with searches covering January 1991 to December 2015 (PubMed, PsycINFO) and March 2016 (CINAHL). We also examined national and international clinical trial registries including ClinicalTrials.gov. RCTs were included if they were published in English, evaluated depression or depressive symptoms as primary or secondary outcomes, and included a sample with a mean age of 65 years and over for which most had no or only mild cognitive impairment.

Results:

A total of 32 RCTs met our criteria including those testing psychotherapeutic interventions (n=13), psychosocial and recreation interventions (n=9), and pharmacologic or other biologic interventions (n=10). Seven psychotherapeutic, six psychosocial and recreation, and four pharmacologic or other biologic interventions demonstrated a treatment benefit.

Conclusions:

Many studies had small samples, were of poor methodological quality, and did not select for depressed residents. There is limited evidence suggesting that cognitive behavioral therapies, reminiscence, interventions to reduce social isolation, and exercise-based interventions have some promise for decreasing depression in cognitively intact nursing home residents; little can be concluded from the pharmacologic or other biologic RCTs.
Looking down the Nose Through Large Block-Face (2D) and Serial Section Array (3D) Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Joubert L.-M. , Bravo D.T. , Nayak J.V.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Delivery of a Novel Connexin-43 Mimetic Peptide Enhances Wound Healing
Authors: Moore K. , Bryant Z. , Vandergriff A. , Ghatnekar G. , Gourdie R. , Potts J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Element Analysis by EDX for Life Science: Light Elements and Bio-Mineralization
Authors: Falke M. , Terborg R. , Kaeppel A. , Salge T. , Berlin J. , Biot C. , Slomianny C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Electrical Activity of Defects in CdTe Solar Cells via Aberration-corrected STEM
Authors: Li C. , Wu Y. , Lupini A.R. , Mouti A. , Poplawsky J. , Yin W. , Paudel N. , Jassim M.A. , Yan Y. , Pennycook S.J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
In-situ Raman Spectroscopy in a TEM
Authors: Allen F.I. , Kim E. , Ryu S.-G. , Ozdol B. , Grigoropoulos C.P. , Minor A.M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Atomic-Scale Observation of Lithiation Reaction Front in Single SnO2 Nanowire
Authors: Nie A. , Gan L. , Cheng Y. , Ardakani H.A. , Li Q. , Dong C. , Tao R. , Mashayek F. , Wang H. , Schwingenschlogl U. , Klie R. , Shahbazian-Yassar R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Atomic Resolution Studies of Metal-Insulator Transition in VO2 Nanowires
Authors: Asayesh-Ardakani H. , Nie A. , Marley P.M. , Stabile A. , Sarkar K. , Banerjee S. , Ganapathy S. , Yang Z. , Klie R.F. , Shahbazian-Yassar R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Characterization of Thin Film Composite Membranes Using Porosimetry and X-Ray Microscopy
Authors: Soundara Manickam S. , Gelb J. , McCutcheon J.R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Towards Sub-Angström Ptychographic Diffractive Imaging
Authors: Wang P. , Batey D.J. , Rodenburg J.M. , Sawada H. , Kirkland A.I.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
SEM Autofocusing and Astigmatism Correction using FFT and GPGPU techniques
Authors: Caldwell N.H. , Marshall A.J. , Breton B.C. , Holburn D.M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Cryo-FIB/SEM Investigation of Mechanism of Frost Formation on Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces
Authors: Rykaczewski K. , Anand S. , Bengaluru Subramanyam S. , Varanasi K.K.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Progress in Planar Feature Spatial Reconstruction for Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Geiser B.P. , Larson D.J. , Prosa T.J. , Kelly T.F.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Towards Atom Probe Tomography of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Gordon L.M. , Cohen M.J. , Joester D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Quantitative Analysis of Carbon in Carbon Steel Using SEM/EDS Followed by Error Correction Approach
Authors: Zou L. , Zhou Q.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Implementing Direct Electron Detection Camera K2 and Dose Fractionation for Near Atomic Resolution Single Particle CryoEM
Authors: Li X. , Zheng S. , Agard D.A. , Cheng Y.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Addition, Subtraction, and Analysis of Orbital Angular Momentum in Electron Vortex Beams
Authors: Yahn T. , Pierce J.S. , Harvey T.R. , McMorran B.J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
How Flat is Your Detector? Non-Uniform Annular Detector Sensitivity in STEM Quantification
Authors: MacArthur K.E. , Jones L. , Nellist P.D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Probing the Onset of Functional Behavior by Exciting Reversible Atom Displacements Using Variable Voltages and Dose Rates
Authors: Kisielowski C. , Wang L.-W. , Specht P. , Kang J.H. , Cieslinski R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Quantitative SEM/EDS, Step 1: What Constitutes a Sufficiently Flat Specimen?
Authors: Newbury D.E. , Ritchie N.W.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Oxidation of Pseudo-Single Domain Fe3O4 Particles and Associated Magnetic Response Examined by Environmental TEM and Off-Axis Electron Holography
Authors: Almeida T.P. , Muxworthy A. , Williams W. , Dunin-Borkowski R.E.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Raman Spectroscopy and Microstructural Study of Natural Graphite Processed by High-Energy Ball Mill
Authors: Mendoza-Duarte J.M. , Bocanegra-Bernal M.H. , Martinez-Sanchez R. , Estrada-Guel I.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Fast STEM EELS Spectrum Imaging analysis of Pd-Au based catalysts
Authors: Longo P. , Twesten R.D. , Kothleitner G.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Reversible Pt Nanoparticle Formation in Pt-doped BaCeO3 and Related Application
Authors: Zhang S. , Du X. , Fang M. , Katz M. , Graham G. , Pan X.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Utilization Of EDX Chemical Maps To Understand Coke Formation In Reforming Catalysts
Authors: Sanchez S.I. , Bradley S.A. , Moser M.D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Grain Size Measurement Methods: A Review and Comparison
Authors: Vander Voort G.F.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Policies, guideline implementation and practice change – how can the process be understood?
Authors: Becker T. , Kilian R. , Kösters M.
Published: October 2016

Politics and policy: It is important to understand why, in the translational continuum from pilot research and randomised controlled efficacy trials to roll-out programmes and routine effectiveness studies, some service innovations are taken up by health service purchasers and providers, while others are not. Why do some innovative interventions or models of care get to the stage of implementation, while others fail to be funded?
Pathophysiologie der peripheren Schmerzentstehung – therapeutische Angriffspunkte
Authors: Sprott Haiko
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Schmerzen erkennen, diagnostizieren und interpretieren sind unabdingbare Voraussetzungen für eine potente Therapie. Die Art, die Form und die anatomische Korrespondenz des Schmerzes sowie der Schmerzentstehung, -modulation und -fortleitung sind zur Erstellung des Behandlungskonzeptes zu beachten. In den meisten Fällen geht es bei chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen nicht mehr um Schmerzfreiheit, sondern um Lebensqualität und Aktivität. Durch Kenntnis der zu erläuternden Schmerzmechanismen sollte es prinzipiell theoretisch möglich sein, eine «Schmerzkarriere» zu vermeiden.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma with amplification of PD-L1: exceptional response to anti-PD1 therapy
Authors: Ikeda Sadakatsu , Goodman Aaron M , Cohen Philip R , Jensen Taylor J , Ellison Christopher K , Frampton Garrett , Miller Vincent , Patel Sandip P , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: October 2016

Metastatic basal cell carcinomas are rare malignancies harbouring Hedgehog pathway alterations targetable by SMO antagonists (vismodegib/sonidegib). We describe, for the first time, the molecular genetics and response of a patient with Hedgehog inhibitor-resistant metastatic basal cell carcinoma who achieved rapid tumour regression (ongoing near complete remission at 4 months) with nivolumab (anti-PD1 antibody). He had multiple hallmarks of anti-PD1 responsiveness including high mutational burden (>50 mutations per megabase; 19 functional alterations in tissue next-generation sequencing (NGS; 315 genes)) as well as PDL1/PDL2/JAK2 amplification (as determined by both tissue NGS and by analysis of plasma-derived cell-free DNA). The latter was performed using technology originally developed for the genome-wide detection of sub-chromosomal copy-number alterations (CNAs) in noninvasive prenatal testing and showed numerous CNAs including amplification of the 9p24.3-9p22.2 region containing PD-L1, PD-L2 and JAK2. Of interest, PD-L1, PD-L2 and JAK2 amplification is a characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma, which is exquisitely sensitive to nivolumab. In conclusion, selected SMO antagonist-resistant metastatic basal cell carcinomas may respond to nivolumab based on underlying molecular genetic mechanisms that include PD-L1 amplification and high tumour mutational burden.
Defining a role for hemoglobin in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Freed James , Chakrabarti Lisa
Published: October 2016

Hemoglobin (Hb) has been shown to be expressed within dopaminergic neurons and to have a role in maintaining iron and mitochondrial homeostasis. In Parkinson’s disease tissues, Hb has been localized to the mitochondrion. Though heme synthesis occurs within the mitochondria, the localization of Hb to this organelle has only recently been described. It is now important to understand whether Hb expression is protective or is a part of the neurodegenerative process. It is possible that the accumulation of neuronal or mitochondrial Hb is initially protective, but over many decades causes pathology. Studying Hb in neurons can give insight into the iron accumulation seen in the brain and the potential role of alpha-synuclein as a ferrireductase. In this review, we discuss the interactions of neuronal and mitochondrial Hb with other proteins and its possible role in pathways relevant to Parkinson’s disease.
Label-free, rapid and quantitative phenotyping of stress response in E. coli via ramanome
Authors: Teng Lin , Wang Xian , Wang Xiaojun , Gou Honglei , Ren Lihui , Wang Tingting , Wang Yun , Ji Yuetong , Huang Wei E. , Xu Jian
Published: October 2016

Rapid profiling of stress-response at single-cell resolution yet in a label-free, non-disruptive and mechanism-specific manner can lead to many new applications. We propose a single-cell-level biochemical fingerprinting approach named “ramanome”, which is the collection of Single-cell Raman Spectra (SCRS) from a number of cells randomly selected from an isogenic population at a given time and condition, to rapidly and quantitatively detect and characterize stress responses of cellular population. SCRS of Escherichia coli cells are sensitive to both exposure time (eight time points) and dosage (six doses) of ethanol, with detection time as early as 5 min and discrimination rate of either factor over 80%. Moreover, the ramanomes upon six chemical compounds from three categories, including antibiotics of ampicillin and kanamycin, alcohols of ethanol and n-butanol and heavy metals of Cu2+ and Cr6+, were analyzed and 31 marker Raman bands were revealed which distinguish stress-responses via cytotoxicity mechanism and variation of inter-cellular heterogeneity. Furthermore, specificity, reproducibility and mechanistic basis of ramanome were validated by tracking stress-induced dynamics of metabolites and by contrasting between cells with and without genes that convey stress resistance. Thus ramanome enables rapid prediction and mechanism-based screening of cytotoxicity and stress-response programs at single-cell resolution.
Classical trajectories in polar-asymmetric laser fields: Synchronous THz and XUV emission
Authors: Gragossian Aram , Seletskiy Denis V. , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor
Published: October 2016

The interaction of intense near- and mid-infrared laser pulses with rare gases has produced bursts of radiation with spectral content extending into the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray region of electromagnetic spectrum. On the other end of the spectrum, laser-driven gas plasmas has been shown to produce coherent sub-harmonic optical waveforms, covering from terahertz (THz) to mid- and near-infrared frequency spectral band. Both processes can be enhanced via a combination of a driving field and its second harmonic. Despite this striking similarity, only limited experimental and theoretical attempts have been made to address these two regimes simultaneously. Here we present systematic experiments and a unifying picture of these processes, based on our extension of the semi-classical three-step model. Further understanding of the generation and coherent control of time-synchronized transients with photon energies from meV to 1 keV can lead to numerous technological advances and to an intriguing possibilities of ultra-broadband investigations into complex condensed matter systems.
Correction: Corrigendum: The NAC transcription factor ANAC046 is a positive regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Oda-Yamamizo Chihiro , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Sakamoto Shingo , Ogawa Daisuke , Ohme-Takagi Masaru , Ohmiya Akemi
Published: October 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 23609; published online: 29 March 2016; updated: 19 October 2016
Asperosaponin VI promotes bone marrow stromal cell osteogenic differentiation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in an osteoporosis model
Authors: Ke Ke , Li Qi , Yang Xiaofeng , Xie Zhijian , Wang Yu , Shi Jue , Chi Linfeng , Xu Weijian , Hu Lingling , Shi Huali
Published: October 2016

Asperosaponin VI (ASA VI), a natural compound isolated from the well-known traditional Chinese herb Radix Dipsaci, has an important role in promoting osteoblast formation. However, its effects on osteoblasts in the context of osteoporosis is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of ASA VI action on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells isolated from the ovariectomized rats (OVX rBMSCs). The toxicity of ASA VI and its effects on the proliferation of OVX rBMSCs were measured using a CCK-8 assay. Various osteogenic differentiation markers were also analyzed, such as ALP activity, calcified nodule formation, and the expression of osteogenic genes, i.e., ALP, OCN, COL 1 and RUNX2. The results indicated that ASA VI promoted the proliferation of OVX rBMSCs and enhanced ALP activity and calcified nodule formation. In addition, while ASA VI enhanced the expression of ALP, OCN, Col 1 and RUNX2, treatment with LY294002 reduced all of these osteogenic effects and reduced the p-AKT levels induced by ASA VI. These results suggest that ASA VI promotes the osteogenic differentiation of OVX rBMSCs by acting on the phosphatidylinositol—3 kinase/AKT signaling pathway.
ZIKA virus reveals broad tissue and cell tropism during the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: El Costa Hicham , Gouilly Jordi , Mansuy Jean-Michel , Chen Qian , Levy Claude , Cartron Géraldine , Veas Francisco , Al-Daccak Reem , Izopet Jacques , Jabrane-Ferrat Nabila
Published: October 2016

The outbreak of the Zika Virus (ZIKV) and its association with fetal abnormalities have raised worldwide concern. However, the cellular tropism and the mechanisms of ZIKV transmission to the fetus during early pregnancy are still largely unknown. Therefore, we ex vivo modeled the ZIKV transmission at the maternal-fetal interface using organ culture from first trimester pregnancy samples. Here, we provide evidence that ZIKV strain circulating in Brazil infects and damages tissue architecture of the maternal decidua basalis, the fetal placenta and umbilical cord. We also show that ZIKV replicates differentially in a wide range of maternal and fetal cells, including decidual fibroblasts and macrophages, trophoblasts, Hofbauer cells as well as umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. The striking cellular tropism of ZIKV and its cytopathic-induced tissue injury during the first trimester of pregnancy could provide an explanation for the irreversible congenital damages.
High-Efficiency Transduction of Primary Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells by AAV6 Vectors: Strategies for Overcoming Donor-Variation and Implications in Genome Editing
Authors: Ling Chen , Bhukhai Kanit , Yin Zifei , Tan Mengqun , Yoder Mervin C. , Leboulch Philippe , Payen Emmanuel , Srivastava Arun
Published: October 2016

We have reported that of the 10 commonly used AAV serotype vectors, AAV6 is the most efficient in transducing primary human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, the transduction efficiency of the wild-type (WT) AAV6 vector varies greatly in HSPCs from different donors. Here we report two distinct strategies to further increase the transduction efficiency in HSPCs from donors that are transduced less efficiently with the WT AAV6 vectors. The first strategy involved modifications of the viral capsid proteins where specific surface-exposed tyrosine (Y) and threonine (T) residues were mutagenized to generate a triple-mutant (Y705 + Y731F + T492V) AAV6 vector. The second strategy involved the use of ex vivo transduction at high cell density. The combined use of these strategies resulted in transduction efficiency exceeding ~90% in HSPCs at significantly reduced vector doses. Our studies have significant implications in the optimal use of capsid-optimized AAV6 vectors in genome editing in HSPCs.
Visual attention spreads broadly but selects information locally
Authors: Shioiri Satoshi , Honjyo Hajime , Kashiwase Yoshiyuki , Matsumiya Kazumichi , Kuriki Ichiro
Published: October 2016

Visual attention spreads over a range around the focus as the spotlight metaphor describes. Spatial spread of attentional enhancement and local selection/inhibition are crucial factors determining the profile of the spatial attention. Enhancement and ignorance/suppression are opposite effects of attention, and appeared to be mutually exclusive. Yet, no unified view of the factors has been provided despite their necessity for understanding the functions of spatial attention. This report provides electroencephalographic and behavioral evidence for the attentional spread at an early stage and selection/inhibition at a later stage of visual processing. Steady state visual evoked potential showed broad spatial tuning whereas the P3 component of the event related potential showed local selection or inhibition of the adjacent areas. Based on these results, we propose a two-stage model of spatial attention with broad spread at an early stage and local selection at a later stage.
Nanostructured Boron Nitride With High Water Dispersibility For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Singh Bikramjeet , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Paviter , Singh Kulwinder , Kumar Baban , Vij Ankush , Kumar Manjeet , Bala Rajni , Meena Ramovatar , Singh Ajay , Thakur Anup , Kumar Akshay
Published: October 2016

Highly water dispersible boron based compounds are innovative and advanced materials which can be used in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for cancer treatment (BNCT). Present study deals with the synthesis of highly water dispersible nanostructured Boron Nitride (BN). Unique and relatively low temperature synthesis route is the soul of present study. The morphological examinations (Scanning/transmission electron microscopy) of synthesized nanostructures showed that they are in transient phase from two dimensional hexagonal sheets to nanotubes. It is also supported by dual energy band gap of these materials calculated from UV- visible spectrum of the material. The theoretically calculated band gap also supports the same (calculated by virtual nano lab Software). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the synthesized material has deformed structure which is further supported by Raman spectroscopy. The structural aspect of high water disperse ability of BN is also studied. The ultra-high disperse ability which is a result of structural deformation make these nanostructures very useful in BNCT. Cytotoxicity studies on various cell lines (Hela(cervical cancer), human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7)) show that the synthesized nanostructures can be used for BNCT.
Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES) for study of protein-ligand interactions
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Ku Ti-Hsuan , Han Yuanyuan , Subramanian Ramkumar , Niaz Iftikhar Ahmad , Luo Hua , Chang Derrick , Huang Jian-Jang , Lo Yu-Hwa
Published: October 2016

We present a method, Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES), to detect protein-ligand interactions without any protein engineering or chemical modification. We developed a physics model for the TIMES signal and mathematically formulated the problem to attain physical insight of protein-ligand interactions without any disturbances by molecular probes, fluorescent labels, or immobilization of molecules. To demonstrate the functionality of this method, we have used the TIMES signals to find the dissociation constants for the affinity of reactions, the shear-stress dependent adsorption time of molecules on surface, and other interesting features of protein-ligand interaction in native conditions. As a unique tool, TIMES offers a simple and effective method to investigate fundamental protein chemistry and drug discoveries.
Evidence for discrete solar and lunar orientation mechanisms in the beach amphipod, Talitrus saltator Montagu (Crustacea, Amphipoda)
Authors: Ugolini Alberto , Hoelters Laura S. , Ciofini Alice , Pasquali Vittorio , Wilcockson David C.
Published: October 2016

Animals that use astronomical cues to orientate must make continuous adjustment to account for temporal changes in azimuth caused by Earth’s rotation. For example, the Monarch butterfly possesses a time-compensated sun compass dependent upon a circadian clock in the antennae. The amphipod Talitrus saltator possesses both a sun compass and a moon compass. We reasoned that the time-compensated compass mechanism that enables solar orientation of T. saltator is located in the antennae, as is the case for Monarch butterflies. We examined activity rhythms and orientation of sandhoppers with antennae surgically removed, or unilaterally occluded with black paint. Removing or painting the antennae did not affect daily activity rhythms or competence to orientate using the sun. However, when tested at night these animals were unable to orientate correctly to the moon. We subsequently measured circadian gene expression in the antennae and brain of T. saltator and show the clock genes period and cryptochrome 2 are rhythmically expressed in both tissues, reminiscent of other arthropods known to possess antennal clocks. Together, our behavioural and molecular data suggest that, T. saltator has anatomically discrete lunar and solar orientation apparatus; a sun compass, likely located in the brain and a moon compass in the antennae.
The astrocytic transporter SLC7A10 (Asc-1) mediates glycinergic inhibition of spinal cord motor neurons
Authors: Ehmsen Jeffrey T. , Liu Yong , Wang Yue , Paladugu Nikhil , Johnson Anna E. , Rothstein Jeffrey D. , du Lac Sascha , Mattson Mark P. , Höke Ahmet
Published: October 2016

SLC7A10 (Asc-1) is a sodium-independent amino acid transporter known to facilitate transport of a number of amino acids including glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, and L-cysteine, as well as their D-enantiomers. It has been described as a neuronal transporter with a primary role related to modulation of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission. We find that SLC7A10 is substantially enriched in a subset of astrocytes of the caudal brain and spinal cord in a distribution corresponding with high densities of glycinergic inhibitory synapses. Accordingly, we find that spinal cord glycine levels are significantly reduced in Slc7a10-null mice and spontaneous glycinergic postsynaptic currents in motor neurons show substantially diminished amplitudes, demonstrating an essential role for SLC7A10 in glycinergic inhibitory function in the central nervous system. These observations establish the etiology of sustained myoclonus (sudden involuntary muscle movements) and early postnatal lethality characteristic of Slc7a10-null mice, and implicate SLC7A10 as a candidate gene and auto-antibody target in human hyperekplexia and stiff person syndrome, respectively.
Study on spin and optical polarization in a coupled InGaN/GaN quantum well and quantum dots structure
Authors: Yu Jiadong , Wang Lai , Di Yang  , Zheng Jiyuan , Xing Yuchen , Hao Zhibiao , Luo Yi , Sun Changzheng , Han Yanjun , Xiong Bing , Wang Jian , Li Hongtao
Published: October 2016

The spin and optical polarization based on a coupled InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) and quantum dots (QDs) structure is investigated. In this structure, spin-electrons can be temporarily stored in QW, and spin injection from the QW into QDs via spin-conserved tunneling is enabled. Spin relaxation can be suppressed owing to the small energy difference between the initial state in the QW and the final states in the QDs. Photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements are carried out on optical spin-injection and -detection. Owing to the coupled structure, spin-conserved tunneling mechanism plays a significant role in preventing spin relaxation process. As a result, a higher circular polarization degree (CPD) (~49.1%) is achieved compared with conventional single layer of QDs structure. Moreover, spin relaxation time is also extended to about 2.43 ns due to the weaker state-filling effect. This coupled structure is believed an appropriate candidate for realization of spin-polarized light source.
Multiscale limited penetrable horizontal visibility graph for analyzing nonlinear time series
Authors: Gao Zhong-Ke , Cai Qing , Yang Yu-Xuan , Dang Wei-Dong , Zhang Shan-Shan
Published: October 2016

Visibility graph has established itself as a powerful tool for analyzing time series. We in this paper develop a novel multiscale limited penetrable horizontal visibility graph (MLPHVG). We use nonlinear time series from two typical complex systems, i.e., EEG signals and two-phase flow signals, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Combining MLPHVG and support vector machine, we detect epileptic seizures from the EEG signals recorded from healthy subjects and epilepsy patients and the classification accuracy is 100%. In addition, we derive MLPHVGs from oil-water two-phase flow signals and find that the average clustering coefficient at different scales allows faithfully identifying and characterizing three typical oil-water flow patterns. These findings render our MLPHVG method particularly useful for analyzing nonlinear time series from the perspective of multiscale network analysis.
Improved performance of a barrier-discharge plasma jet biased by a direct-current voltage
Authors: Li Xuechen , Li Yaru , Zhang Panpan , Jia Pengying , Dong Lifang
Published: October 2016

One of the challenges that plasma research encounters is how to generate a large-scale plasma plume at atmospheric pressure. Through utilizing a third electrode biased by a direct-current voltage, a longer plasma plume is generated by a plasma jet in dielectric barrier discharge configurations. Results indicate that the plume length increases until it reaches the third electrode with increasing the bias voltage. By fast photography, it is found that the plume consists of two types of streamers under the influence of the bias voltage, which develops from a guided streamer to a branching one with leaving the tube opening. The transition from the guided streamer to the branching one can be attributed to the electric field and the air/argon fraction.
Live-cell imaging of ER-PM contact architecture by a novel TIRFM approach reveals extension of junctions in response to store-operated Ca2+-entry
Authors: Poteser Michael , Leitinger Gerd , Pritz Elisabeth , Platzer Dieter , Frischauf Irene , Romanin Christoph , Groschner Klaus
Published: October 2016

Nanometer-spaced appositions between endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane (ER-PM junctions) stabilized by membrane-joining protein complexes are critically involved in cellular Ca2+-handling and lipid trafficking. ER-PM junctional architecture and plasticity associated with inter-membrane communication are as yet barely understood. Here, we introduce a method to precisely characterize ER-PM junction morphology and dynamics with high temporal resolution and minimal disturbance of junctional intermembrane communication. We show that expression of soluble cytosolic fluorophores in combination with TIRFM enables to delineate ER and PM distance in the range of 10–150 nm. Live-cell imaging of sub-plasmalemmal structures in RBL-2H3 mast cells by this method, designated as fluorescence density mapping (FDM), revealed profound dynamics of ER-PM contact sites in response to store-depletion. We report the existence of a Ca2+-dependent process that expands the junctional ER to enlarge its contact surface with the PM, thereby promoting and stabilizing STIM1-Orai1 competent ER-PM junctions.