bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Electromagnetic Impact of High‐Power Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor on Track Circuit
Authors: Chu Shaotong , Yang Shiwu , Liu Chang , Cui Yong
Published: September 2024

The high‐power direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (DD‐PMSM) has become a hotspot because of its excellent performance compared to the asynchronous motor. Due to limitations like suspension structure and field clearance, the bottom of the windings is closer to the rail surface in a direct drive system under the same power load, which causes more disturbance energy coupling into the track circuit equipment in the form of magnetic field radiation than that of the asynchronous motor. Therefore, it may cause a wrong decision on track occupancy if the disturbance falls into the sensitive frequency band, leading to signaling failure. This paper first studied the magnetic field radiation from DD‐PMSM and its influence on adjacent devices and determined the disturbance coupling path between the motor and the track circuit. Next, the calculation and analysis are accomplished on the radiated magnetic field and electromotive force disturbance. Then the FEM model is established for simulation and verification. Finally, engineering verification is carried out by the field test data to prove the validity of the theoretical model. This research helps to improve the EMC of locomotive and signaling systems, as well as mitigate signaling faults and safety risks.
Complementary extended state observer‐based model‐free sliding mode control for a PMSM in cathode copper production
Authors: Gao Peng , Fang Liandi , Pan Huihui
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a model‐free sliding mode control scheme based on a complementary extended state observer (CESO) for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in cathode copper production. First, an ultra‐local model of the PMSM is proposed. Compared with the existing ultra‐local model, the ultra‐local model proposed in this study divides the disturbances into periodic and aperiodic perturbations. Furthermore, based on the proposed ultra‐local model, a CESO is proposed. Compared to the linear extended state observer (LESO) and the non‐linear extended state observer (NLESO), the proposed CESO combines the advantages of the LESO and the NLESO. The proposed CESO exhibits reduced disturbance estimation errors and greater resilience to significant periodic and minor aperiodic disturbances. By leveraging the ultra‐local model, a novel combined control strategy is devised, utilizing the CESO and a model‐free sliding mode control. The stability of the proposed control scheme has been verified through the Lyapunov stability theorem and the Hurwitz stability criterion. Subsequently, comparative simulations on disturbance rejection are conducted under periodic and aperiodic disturbances, illustrating the efficacy of the proposed control approach.
Active cogging torque construction by the weld slot design in a positioning servo system
Authors: Tong Minghao , Ding Yuhang , Sun Le
Published: September 2024

The cogging torque is usually considered as an adverse effect of the PM machine servo system. This paper presents a new perspective that the cogging torque can be exploited in many practical situations as long as the speed ripple can be suppressed. By the proposed cogging torque design scheme, the local core saturation on the stator yoke can be constructed by specially designing the yoke structure. With this idea, the cogging torque distribution can be designed, with the transmission ratio, generating a series of designated auxiliary positioning forces on the load side. This weak positioning force will be amplified by the reduction gears and make the terminal servo load prone to stop at the designated stable equilibrium positions. This feature can help humans conveniently move the load to some designated positions by manual mode with a certain precision. Considering the negative impact of this constructed cogging effect, a speed ripple suppression method is applied to guarantee that the cogging torque machine can provide a good servo performance. The designated cogging torque and performances are verified by prototype machines, testing, and motion control experiments.
An asymptotically unbiased 3D source localisation method based on frequencies and angles measurements
Authors: Zhao Chenggeng , Huang Heyue , Mao Xingpeng , Lang Junjie , Dou Xiuquan
Published: September 2024

Based on frequency of arrival (FOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements, the localisation of a moving source using a number of stationary stations is discussed. A closed‐form solution and bias reduction method using FOA and AOA measurements will be presented to quickly and accurately estimate target parameters, including location and velocity. The closed‐form solution is implemented using two‐stage weighted least squares, which constructs a pseudolinear equation by introducing auxiliary variables to perform linear estimation. In the process of linearisation, the authors utilise AOA measurements to simplify the FOA pseudolinear equation and reduce the number of auxiliary parameters. This means that fewer stations are needed to estimate the target parameters. However, the use of the computationally attractive pseudolinear formulation will introduce a non‐ignorable localisation bias if the measurements are not sufficiently accurate. To solve the above problem, a quadratic constraint on least squares minimisation is considered in the bias reduction method. Under moderate Gaussian noise, theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the root mean square error of proposed method can significantly reduce positioning deviation and asymptotically approach the Cramer–Rao Lower Bound. Keywords Radar, Radar detection, Doppler shift, Parameter estimation.
A cultural theory of expertise: styles of thought in attitudes, beliefs, and expectations regarding the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pellegrini Pablo A. , Vilouta Rando Nicolás
Published: September 2024

This article aims to analyze attitudes towards the pandemic by finding correlations between them that can be used to identify different styles of thought. The research involved two surveys (with 5990 participants) conducted in Argentina during the period of isolation regulations. These surveys assessed people’s attitudes toward the pandemic, their beliefs, fears, and expectations. We can group the people surveyed into three styles of thought, represented by those who believe in a natural origin of the virus, those who believe it leaked by accident from a laboratory, and those who believe it was intentionally released, all three distributed equally among the Argentine population. An important finding of this work is how attitudes are articulated within each style of thought: each group has its own defined position regarding the inquired issues, that is, its own ideological matrix, a different opinion on vaccines, science, and the pandemic. We referred to these three styles of thought in relation to the pandemic as open-to-expertise, nihilist, and self-expertise-only. Articulating perspectives from anthropology and the sociology of knowledge, our analysis proposes a cultural theory of expertise as a model to analyze the different attitudes found in the public sphere regarding the pandemic and other debates. According to the cultural theory of expertise we propose, how people perceive expertise shapes their thoughts and influences their opinions about phenomena in which reliance on others’ knowledge is crucial.
Microwave biosensors utilizing metamaterial enhancement: Design and application
Authors: Wang Jiaxu , Wang Rongheng , Shen Zhou , Liu Bohua , Sun Chongling , Xue Qiannan
Published: September 2024

Microwave sensing technology has become increasingly widely applied in the biomedical field, playing a significant role in medical diagnosis, biological monitoring, and environmental warning. In recent years, the introduction of metamaterials has brought new possibilities and opportunities to microwave biosensors. This paper aims to explore the applications of microwave sensors in biosensing, with a particular emphasis on analyzing the crucial role of metamaterials in enhancing sensor performance and sensitivity. It provides a thorough examination of the fundamental principles, design strategies, fabrication techniques, and applications of microwave biosensors leveraging metamaterial enhancement. Moreover, it meticulously explores the latest applications spanning biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety, shedding light on their transformative potential in healthcare, environmental sustainability, and food quality assurance. By delving into future research directions and confronting present challenges such as standardization and validation protocols, cost-effectiveness and scalability considerations and exploration of emerging applications, the paper provides a roadmap for advancing microwave biosensors with metamaterial enhancement, promising breakthroughs in multifaceted bioanalytical realms.
A repetitive pulsed electrothermal plasma jet ignition system based on capillary discharge
Authors: Liu Tianxu , Cheng Runze , Wang Ruodan , Zhao Zheng , Wang Yanan , Sun Anbang
Published: September 2024

Plasma ignition and combustion enhancement is a promising technology in applications of engines, industrial burners, pollutant emissions controls, etc. A new repetitive electrothermal plasma jet ignition system based on ablated capillary discharge under atmospheric pressure is presented in this paper. It consists of a capillary discharge module, a pulse current circuit, a pulse voltage circuit, a current release unit, an LC series resonant circuit, and a control system. The effects of the energy storage capacitor’s voltage and resistance in the current release unit on the electrical parameters are investigated. Increasing the capacitor voltage helps to shorten the discharge delay and increase the energy deposition efficiency in the main discharge process. The increase of the resistance in the current release unit leads to a longer discharge delay and higher energy deposition efficiency in the main discharge process. Balanced parameters between the delay of discharge in 66 µs and the energy deposition efficiency in 84% are achieved through optimization, with a peak radiative heat flux of 23 MW m−2 and a maximum jet length of 17 cm. Repetitive capillary discharge at 20 Hz under atmospheric pressure is achieved with the dispersion of energy storage capacitor charging voltage and energy deposition efficiency of 0.3% and 9.6%, respectively. Simplified circuit topology and control logic contribute to the miniaturization of the ignition system.
Scaling laws for the mean velocity in adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers based on asymptotic expansions
Authors: Ma Mingze , Han Mingze , Shao Zhiyuan , Yan Chao
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the mean velocity profiles and the multi-layer division of the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) are studied for the entire adverse pressure gradient (APG) region before separation. By asymptotic expansions of the mean velocity, the difference in the APG effect between the inner and outer regions and the problems of directly matching the mean velocity are demonstrated. The wall law of the overlapping region, i.e., the log-pressure law, is derived from the perspective of turbulent transport in combination with the results of matching the Reynolds shear stress. The results show that it is applicable in the entire APG region, thus answering the questions of the existence of the log law, the slope of the log law, and the breakdown of the log law. A new half-power law is then proposed after reconsidering the self-similarity of the outer region. This law is believed to be valid only in the outer region of larger APGs and is only an approximate self-similar law compared to the wall law in the inner region. Furthermore, a multi-layer division of APG TBLs is presented to form a complete framework for describing the mean flow of APG TBLs. In particular, the basis of the division and the specific range of each layer are specified, where the range of the overlapping region involves the definition of a critical Reynolds number.
Microbial genes highlight different trends in short term for N cycling in historical alpine pastures
Authors: Raniolo Salvatore , Maretto Laura , Ramanzin Maurizio , Stevanato Piergiorgio , Concheri Giuseppe , Squartini Andrea , Sturaro Enrico
Published: September 2024

Context Alpine pastures are seminatural grasslands which play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, service provisioning, and mountain livestock systems. The soil microbial communities of pasture are fundamental in ecosystem nutrient cycles, but they are relatively underexplored in European Alpine pastures. Aims We explored the many soil microbial genes encoding key functions in the nitrogen cycle in three historical alpine pastures grazed by dairy cattle, considering different soils, temporal dynamics, and exclusion of cattle grazing for one summer. Methods 216 samples were collected across four sampling times. The abundance of genetic determinants involved in nitrogen fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA bacterial and archaeal), and denitrification (nirK and nosZ) were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Key results The terminal denitrification nosZ gene was the most sensitive indicator and responded significantly to soil chemical composition and animal grazing. Sampling time affected nitrogen fixation nifH and intermediate denitrification nirK in relation to rainfall cumulation dynamics. The amoA nitrification genes showed high variability but no significant effects from the tested factors. Conclusions In spite of a general homeostatic trend occurring in these habitats and of the short term analysis, some genes acted as sensitive reporters of soil compositional differences, intraseasonal climatic variations, and grazing disturbance. Implications A stocking rate of >0.6 livestock units per hectare can be recommended, to combine animal production with conditions that favour complete denitrification, thus potentially reducing the nitrous oxide greenhouse gas emissions. Higher livestock grazing intensity can be withstood by the ecosystem without denitrification-related drawbacks when the preceding 10 days display a cumulated rainfall lower than 22 mm.
Mechanically adaptive and deployable intracortical probes enable long-term neural electrophysiological recordings
Authors: Wang Suhao , Jiang Qianqian , Liu Hang , Yu Chaonan , Li Pengxian , Pan Gang , Xu Kedi , Xiao Rui , Hao Yaoyao , Wang Chengjun , Song Jizhou
Published: September 2024

Flexible intracortical probes offer important opportunities for stable neural interfaces by reducing chronic immune responses, but their advances usually come with challenges of difficult implantation and limited recording span. Here, we reported a mechanically adaptive and deployable intracortical probe, which features a foldable fishbone-like structural design with branching electrodes on a temperature-responsive shape memory polymer (SMP) substrate. Leveraging the temperature-triggered soft-rigid phase transition and shape memory characteristic of SMP, this probe design enables direct insertion into brain tissue with minimal footprint in a folded configuration while automatically softening to reduce mechanical mismatches with brain tissue and deploying electrodes to a broader recording span under physiological conditions. Experimental and numerical studies on the material softening and structural folding-deploying behaviors provide insights into the design, fabrication, and operation of the intracortical probes. The chronically implanted neural probe in the rat cortex demonstrates that the proposed neural probe can reliably detect and track individual units for months with stable impedance and signal amplitude during long-term implantation. The work provides a tool for stable neural activity recording and creates engineering opportunities in basic neuroscience and clinical applications.
Deterministic fabrication of graphene hexagonal boron nitride moiré superlattices
Authors: Kamat Rupini V. , Sharpe Aaron L. , Pendharkar Mihir , Hu Jenny , Tran Steven J. , Zaborski Gregory , Hocking Marisa , Finney Joe , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kastner Marc A. , Mannix Andrew J. , Heinz Tony , Goldhaber-Gordon David
Published: September 2024

The electronic properties of moiré heterostructures depend sensitively on the relative orientation between layers of the stack. For example, near-magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) commonly shows superconductivity, yet a TBG sample with one of the graphene layers rotationally aligned to a hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) cladding layer provided experimental observation of orbital ferromagnetism. To create samples with aligned graphene/hBN, researchers often align edges of exfoliated flakes that appear straight in optical micrographs. However, graphene or hBN can cleave along either zig-zag or armchair lattice directions, introducing a

30
°

ambiguity in the relative orientation of two flakes. By characterizing the crystal lattice orientation of exfoliated flakes prior to stacking using Raman and second-harmonic generation for graphene and hBN, respectively, we unambiguously align monolayer graphene to hBN at a near-

0
°

, not

30
°

, relative twist angle. We confirm this alignment by torsional force microscopy of the graphene/hBN moiré on an open-face stack, and then by cryogenic transport measurements, after full encapsulation with a second, nonaligned hBN layer. This work demonstrates a key step toward systematically exploring the effects of the relative twist angle between dissimilar materials within moiré heterostructures.
Effects of Thickness and Anisotropic Strain on Polarization Switching Properties of Sub-10nm Epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films
Authors: Liu 刘 Kuan 宽 , Liu 刘 Kai 楷 , Zhang 张 Xingchang 醒昌 , Fang 方 Jie 杰 , Jin 金 Feng 锋 , Wu 吴 Wenbin 文彬 , Ma 马 Chao 超 , Wang 王 Lingfei 凌飞
Published: September 2024

Doped HfO2-based ferroelectric (FE) films are emerging as leading contenders for next-generation FE non-volatile memories due to their excellent compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor processes and robust ferroelectricity at nanoscale dimensions. Despite the considerable attention paid to the FE properties of HfO2-based films in recent years, enhancing their polarization switching speed remains a critical research challenge. We demonstrate the strong ferroelectricity of sub-10 nm Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films and show that the polarization switching speed of these thin films can be significantly affected by HZO thickness and anisotropically strained La0.67Sr0.33MO3-buffered layer. Our observations indicate that the HZO thin film thickness and anisotropically strained La0.67Sr0.33MO3 layer influence the nucleation of reverse domains by altering the phase composition of the HZO thin film, thereby reducing the polarization switching time. Although the increase in HZO thickness and anisotropic compressive strain hinder the formation of the FE phase, they can enable faster switching. Our findings suggest that FE HZO ultrathin films with polar orthorhombic structures have broad application prospects in microelectronic devices. These insights into novel methods for increasing polarization switching speed are poised to advance the development of high-performance FE devices.
Quantum-mechanical understanding on structure dependence of image potentials of single-walled boron nitride nanotubes
Authors: Zhang 张 Yu 煜 , Zhang 张 Zhiman 芷蔓 , Wang 王 Weiliang 伟良 , Zhang 张 Shaolin 绍林 , Huang 黄 Haiming 海鸣
Published: September 2024

The recent discovery of field emission devices based on one-dimensional nanostructures has attracted much interest in emerging applications on next-generation flat panel displays, molecule-based sensors, and so forth. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of surface potentials at the nano-emitters during the tunneling process, in this study we systematically investigated the image potentials of single-walled boron nitride nanotubes with different edges, diameters and lengths in the frame of a composite first-principles calculation. The image potentials of zigzag single-walled boron nitride nanotubes are found to be dependent on the non-equivalent sides. Only the image potentials of isolated armchair single-walled boron nitride nanotube can be well fitted with the image potential of an ideal metal sphere of a size comparable to the tube diameter. On the contrary, the image potentials of zigzag and grounded armchair single-walled boron nitride nanotubes exhibit a strong length-dependence characteristic and are significantly different from that of an ideal metal sphere, which originates from the significant axial symmetry breaking of induced charge at the tip for the long tube. The correlation between the testing electron and electronic structure of single-walled boron nitride nanotube has also been discussed.
A macro model of spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Chen 陈 Ming-Bo 明博 , Li 李 Kun-Kun 琨琨 , Yang 杨 Xiao-Lei 晓蕾 , Peng 彭 Xue 雪 , Li 李 Wang-Da 旺达 , Liu 刘 En-Long 恩隆 , Wu 吴 Hui-Zhen 惠桢 , He 何 Shi-Kun 世坤
Published: September 2024

The precise compact modeling of magnetic devices is pivotal for the integrated design of spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ) in conjunction with CMOS circuitry. This work presents a macro model for an STT-MTJ which is compatible with SPICE simulation platforms. The model accurately replicates the electrical performance of the MTJ, encompassing the resistance-voltage characteristics and the pulse-width-dependent state switching behavior, and is validated with various experimental data. Additionally, the impact of process variations, particularly those affecting the MTJ diameter and barrier thickness is investigated and summarized in a corner model. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that our adaptable and streamlined model can be efficiently incorporated into the design of integrated circuits.
Percolation and jamming properties in an object growth model on a triangular lattice with finite-size impurities
Authors: Dujak D , Karač A , Budinski-Petković Lj , Jakšić Z M , Vrhovac S B
Published: September 2024

A percolation model with nucleation and object growth is studied by Monte Carlo simulations on a triangular lattice with finite-size impurities. The growing objects are needle-like objects and self-avoiding random walk chains. Results are obtained for three different shapes of impurities covering three lattice sites—needle-like, angled and triangular. In each run through the system, the lattice is initially randomly occupied by impurities of a specified shape at a given concentration

ρ

imp

. Then, the seeds for the object growth are randomly distributed at a given concentration ρ. The percolation and jamming properties of the growing objects are compared for the three different impurity shapes. For all the impurity shapes, the percolation thresholds

θ

p

∗

have lower values in the growing needle-like objects than in the growing self-avoiding random walk chains. In the presence of needle-like and angled impurities, the percolation threshold increases with the impurity concentration for a fixed seed density. The percolation thresholds have the highest values in the needle-like impurities, and somewhat lower values in the angled impurities. On the other hand, in the presence of the triangular impurities, the percolation threshold decreases with the concentration of impurities.
Integrating hydrological parameters in wildfire risk assessment: a machine learning approach for mapping wildfire probability
Authors: Khodaee Mahsa , Easterday Kelly , Klausmeyer Kirk
Published: September 2024

The increasing occurrence of catastrophic wildfire across the globe threatens public health, community safety, ecosystem functioning, and biodiversity resilience. Wildfire risk is closely connected to shifting climatic trends and their impacts on fuel availability and flammability. Although previous research has explored the connection between meteorological conditions and wildfire probabilities, there remains a substantial gap in understanding the influence of hydrologic drivers, such as groundwater recharge, on wildfire dynamics. Both short- and long-term variations in these variables are crucial in shaping fuel conditions, and significant changes can create environments more prone to severe wildfires. This study focuses on Santa Barbara County to examine the connection between wildfire probability and various environmental factors, including meteorological and hydrological data from 1994 to 2021, topography, vegetation, and proximity to road. Using a random forest (RF) machine learning model and fine-scale data (270 m resolution) we achieved high predictive accuracy in identifying wildfire probability. Our findings confirm the important roles of short-term meteorological conditions, such as mean precipitation 12 months and relative humidity 1 month before a wildfire event, in predicting wildfire occurrence. In addition, our results emphasize the critical contribution of long-term hydrological components, such as mean deviation from the historical normal in actual evapotranspiration and recharge in the years preceding the fire, in influencing wildfire probability. Partial dependence plots from our RF model revealed that both positive and negative deviations of these hydrological variables can increase the likelihood of wildfire by controlling fuel water availability and productivity. These findings are particularly relevant given the increasing extreme weather patterns in southern California, significantly affecting water availability and fuel conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between wildfire occurrence and hydrometeorological conditions. Additionally, the resulting wildfire probability map, can aid in identifying high-risk areas, contributing to enhanced mitigation planning and prevention strategies.
Sustainability conservation strategy of Kotagede Heritage Area on the effects of climate change
Authors: Lama Tokan Chrisanti K , Kurniati Rina
Published: September 2024

Climate change is the most significant global challenge facing society and the environment today, including cultural heritage. Kotagede area is a historical area that is currently dominated by built-up land, which causes a decrease in the percentage of vegetation or land cover, resulting in heritage buildings becoming vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study aims to formulate a strategy for preserving cultural heritage areas against climate change’s influence in Kotagede, Yogyakarta. The research method used is qualitative research method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations. The climate-related data was obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Yogyakarta City. The data obtained are analyzed using the SWOT analysis tool. So that the resulting and appropriate strategies to be applied to the Kotagede heritage area are 1) optimizing conservation efforts in the form of protection, development, and control of utilization with one of its implementations, namely the greening movement to create vegetation and land cover; 2) Institutional strengthening to supervise, manage and care for Kotagede heritage area. Therefore, these strategies can be used as guidelines to support the sustainability of the Kotagede area towards sustainable practices.
The edible green roof: sustainable urban landscape design through biophilic concept for food security in Semarang Metropolitan Region, Indonesia
Authors: Ristianti NS , Bashit N , Ulfiana D , Windarto YE
Published: September 2024

One of the problems that many countries face is food insecurity. This problem affects Lower to lower middle income countries and also advanced nations. There are four aspects of food insecurity: food availability, food access, stability, and food utilization. One way to alleviate food insecurity is through the biophilic concept in urban agriculture. A green roof is one of the forms of urban agriculture in large-scale cities. Green roofs can enhance access and availability of food in urban areas in the context of food insecurity. The food insecurity problem in urban areas of Indonesia is that food access is being distributed only to some households and accessed by those who hold money. Semarang City, a metropolitan city in Indonesia, has a food insecurity problem but has potential for implement a green edible roof. The tools used in the analysis are Geographic Information System (GIS), map analysis, and satellite imagery. The results show that Semarang City still needed help with food insecurity. Implementing green edible roofs in both public and private infrastructure can increase food availability in 79 Ha from the early results of not being available.
Sustainability of the livelihood system in Lerep tourist village, Semarang Regency
Authors: Daulay K F , Rahdriawan M
Published: September 2024

The Lerep Tourism Village in Semarang Regency faces developmental challenges, including insufficient community involvement, low tourist numbers, and stagnation. This condition disrupts the sustainability of future generations in terms of their livelihoods. Therefore, this research aims to examine the sustainability of the community livelihood system in the Lerep Tourism Village, Semarang Regency. Quantitative methods are utilized to analyze livelihood capital, such as natural capital, human capital, physical capital, financial capital, and social capital. Data processing from the questionnaire results was carried out using a scoring technique with the help of software in the form of Rapfish to analyze its sustainability. Results indicate the livelihood system falls within the “Fairly Sustainable” range, with human and financial capitals requiring attention. Specifically, financial capital for unengaged community members ranks as “Unsustainable”. Enhancing community understanding through education and training can improve financial and human capitals, fostering sustainable development. This approach aims to balance all livehood capitals within the Lerep Tourism Village.
Built environment design features, mental health, and well-being for inclusive urban design: an extensive literature review
Authors: Salsabila Safira , Navitas Prananda
Published: September 2024

Urban street design features are crucial in influencing visitors’ and users’ mental health and well-being. Street design affects the quality of urban life for all users, so creating sustainable and universal spaces that encourage walking, cycling, and public transportation is essential. This article examines urban corridor design features that affect visitors’ mental health and well-being for inclusive urban design using existing literature. The relationships between built environment design features, mental health outcomes, and well-being were explored. An effective design that encourages physical activities can significantly enhance community health by promoting consistent engagement in these activities. Conversely, a poorly designed built environment increases stress, depression risk, and social challenges, highlighting its crucial role in promoting community well-being and mental health. Green spaces, street enclosures, walkability, and restorative environments affect mental health and well-being in urban streets. Moreover, the design features under consideration, such as air quality and accessibility, have proven to be key components in the pursuit of inclusive urban design. These results highlight the significance of incorporating these characteristics into inclusive city planning and design to build places that foster good mental health and well-being.
Human natural and artificial intelligence collaboration in urban design: a case study of Indonesia’s new capital city
Authors: Toyyibah W. , Chandra M.F.W. , Sishartami D.R.W. , Belinda B.P. , Abidzar F. , Winarso H.
Published: September 2024

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has raised concerns about its potential to dominate various fields globally. Society 5.0 emerged as a response to these concerns and the anticipation of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. However, AI has also created new issues, particularly in urban design, by displacing the work of creative designers. The concept of Society 5.0 aims to address these concerns and promote global progress. This research aims to demonstrate how AI might be used in the urban design process, as well as how HNI could balance the technological developments that are occurring. This research uses an exploratory qualitative method by exploring AI as a supporting tool in the planning and design process, such as data collection and initial conception. The concept is then developed into an organized and systematic design as well as the 3D models. The AI tools used in this research are ChatGPT, Chatmind, Leonardo AI, and Autodesk Forma. The result of this research has revealed how AI, as part of digital transformation, could play its role in designing a sustainable area. Nevertheless, human intervention would still be necessary to comprehend a design’s context.
Embracing the digital era: the integration of urban design management in smart city concepts on Kertek Urban Area
Authors: Wungo G L , Ghozali A , Rahmanida L F , Nahari A N , Noor Wahyono D N
Published: September 2024

Kertek District is strategically located in Wonosobo Regency, which passes through the Ajibarang-Secang distribution route, becoming a center for agricultural commodities and trade. This condition has not faced the challenges of increasing resource consumption, energy needs, emissions, infrastructure management, and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need for a smart city that aims to utilize technology and data analysis to improve urban infrastructure and services. This research investigates the impact of the smart city concept on urban design management and its effectiveness in improving the quality and efficiency of public services while reducing costs and resource consumption. Exploration of the role of technology, interdisciplinary collaboration, and data analysis in planning, designing, implementing, and deploying intelligent solutions for urban infrastructure and services, including environmental, financial, and social aspects. The research method uses a quantitative and qualitative approach such as numerical data, stakeholder surveys, smart city case studies, or literature analysis. The results of the research show recommendations such as the need for transportation integration, digital platforms for Transparency of Government Information Services, Environmental Management, Sanitation Management and Drainage Systems, Education and Skills Development Programs, Development of Innovation in Agriculture to improve the welfare of Kertek District.
Measuring urban walkability index in Surakarta historic district to promote sustainable mobility
Authors: Suminar L , Kasim M R , Tasywiq A M M
Published: September 2024

The concept of walkability is a critical enabler of sustainable urban development, benefiting both people and the environment. Having various historical places and buildings, Surakarta’s historic district attracts tourists who are interested in visiting the area. The existence of Surakarta City Hall, Pasar Gede, and Fort Vastenburg in this area is close to one another. Various cultural events are frequently held in this area as well. Hence, the provision of a walkable environment is necessary to support walking mobility from one place to another. This study aims to assess the level of walkability on Jenderal Sudirman street and Urip Sumoharjo street, so as it enhances sustainable mobility in historic tourism district. Data collection was carried out through observation to identify the variables and assess the level of walkability by using Global Walkability Index. The results show that the walkability index on Jenderal Sudirman Street is higher than Urip Sumoharjo Street. The principles of sustainable mobility relate to walkability variables that need to be better improved, that are the availability of shade vegetation to improve environmental aspect, the availability of crossing points and the motorist’s behavior related to social costs, as well as the adequacy of facilities which can increase pedestrian comfort. The results of this study are expected to be beneficial for future development in providing a more accessible and walkable historic tourism district.
Vulnerability Assessment of Tidal Flood Prone Disaster Settlement of Muarareja Tegal
Authors: Esariti L , Handayani W , Sunarti  , Purnomo M S
Published: September 2024

In a tidal flood-prone disaster settlement, there is an urgent need to understand the vulnerability of residents to minimize disaster damage. This paper reports on survey-based research to Muarareja of Tegal City settlement. It discusses the level of vulnerability in terms of physical exposure and economic drivers of households in the research location. The result of this research shows that the level of vulnerability of Muarareja is classified into three categories, namely low, moderate, and high vulnerability. The physical exposure aspects that dominantly affect vulnerability are tidal flood frequency, damage extent, and proximity to the ocean, while the economic drivers such as occupation and source of income affect the level of vulnerability to tidal floods. This study suggests that social networks and locational attachment enable the Muarareja community to reduce the disaster risk.
Isolation, screening, and identification of thermophilic lignocellulolytic fungi from agricultural soil in Vietnam
Authors: Thanh Tran Tra-My , Nguyen Manh-Tri , Nguyen Hang T. T.
Published: September 2024

Fungi are known as the most efficient microorganisms which are able to turn agricultural waste into biofertilizer by producing cell wall-degrading enzymes. The process of composting involves thermophilic microbes that efficiently and effectively degrade lignocellulose. This study focused on the isolation and investigation of thermophilic lignocellulolytic fungi on degradation of corn cob. A total of nine thermophilic fungal strains were isolated and determined cellulolytic activity using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) medium. Notably, strains M2, M3, and M5 exhibited significant clearance area around colonies with diameters of 4.56, 4.67, and 5.67 mm, respectively. Among these strains, M5 demonstrated the highest cellulolytic degradation with reducing sugar concentration in CMC broth media was 486.67 mg/L. In addition, strains M2, M3 and M5 displayed the capacity for lignin degradation with a halo zone on tannic acid medium of 3.33, 2.00, and 1.89 mm, respectively. Furthermore, M5 exhibited the strongest ability in corn cob degradation with the reducing sugar concentration of 55.67 mg/g after 8 weeks incubation. Hence, strain M5 was selected as potential bioinoculant for lignocellulose degradation of agro-wastes. Based on morphological characterization and ITS gene sequencing analysis, strain M5 was identified as Penicillium citrinum.
Detection of Streptococcus agalactiae Causing Hemorrhage and Eye Edema in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by Nested PCR
Authors: Anh Le Quynh , Pham Dinh-Chuong
Published: September 2024

In Vietnam, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a commonly farmed fish, suffers widespread Streptococcus agalactiae infection due to water pollution in floating cage systems. Symptoms of disease include eye edema and hemorrhagic lesions, resulting in mortality rates as high as 90%. This poses significant economic and environmental challenges, impacting fish production and causing heavy financial burdens. Hence, this research focuses on employing Nested PCR for the detection of S. agalactiae on O. niloticus. Nested PCR employs two distinct primer sets for accurate identification, enabling prompt interventions and cost-effective measures to ensure sustained profitability for farmers. During the research, the external primer SA (702 bp) and internal primer PTS (200 bp) effectively amplified their specific targets in the S. agalactiae genome without non-specific binding, as evidenced by clear and localized bands in the gel electrophoresis results, and an exogenous internal control (IC) was used to control in vitro experiments. Additionally, the primers demonstrated specificity by not amplifying the genomes of Vibrio vulnificus, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Edwardsiella ictaluri. Finally, in vivo experiments controlled by an endogenous IC displayed results consistent with prior research. Therefore, Nested PCR proved effective in detecting S. agalactiae causing eye edema and hemorrhage in O. niloticus, concluding the study.
Study Effect of Calcium/Silicate Molar Ratio on the Structure Property of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) from PV Solar Waste Glass and Calcium Carbide
Authors: Ngo Quan Tran , Thi Thao Nguyen Bui , Trung Kien Pham
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effect of different batch mixture of Photo-voltaic wasted glass (PV-WG) and wasted Calcium carbide (WCC) was studied. PV-WG supplied Ca and Si, while WCC provided Ca in its chemical components. The batch-mixed sample with different Ca/Si molar ratios of 0.8; 1.0 and 1.2 followed by hydrothermal treatment at 180°C for 96 hours. The data indicate that at Ca/Si 0.8, the formation of biphasic xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2 (PDF#23-0125) and Riversideite-9A Ca5Si6O16(OH)2 (PDF#29-0329) was obtained. In contrast when increase the Ca/Si molar ratio of 1.0 or 1.2, the formation of Xonotlite is the main phase. The Xonotlite obtained has crystal size of 0.5∼1µm, and potential used in heavy metal removal or thermal insulator in heat industry.
Astaxanthin production optimization from Rhodosporidium toruloides G17 using potato hydrolysate and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Nhung Tran Tuyet , Tran Ngoc-Tri , Nguyen Tan-Tiep , Nguyen Minh-Phuong , Vuong Tinh-Thi , Pham Quoc-Vu , Ngo Dai-Nghiep
Published: September 2024

Astaxanthin (ASTX), a fat-soluble red pigment, belongs to a group of carotenoids with various compounds that are responsible for biological activities. This research investigated the ASTX production of gamma-mutated yeast strain Rhodosporidium toruloides G17 using potato hydrolysate and urea as replacement medium components. Under optimal conditions, the gamma-mutated yeast G17 was cultivated in 29.39 g/L total sugar from potato hydrolysate, 1.02 g/L urea as a nitrogen source, 4.09 g/L MgSO4, and 10.05% yeast, resulting in the highest ASTX yield of 2,181.14 μg/mL. For the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, at an IC50 = 9.98 μg/mL, the ASTX crude extract showed greater antioxidant activity than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 119.66 μg/mL). This research suggests that ASTX from R. toruloides G17 is a promising antioxidant agent for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications and that potato hydrolysate is an efficient carbon source for yeast culturing in batch mode to obtain ASTX.
Civility
Authors: Sheldrake Philip
Published: September 2024

It is vital for modern societies to recover the virtue of “civility.” This is more than being polite. “Civility” is closely related to our understanding of “citizenship.” It counters categorizing certain types of people as unimportant. “Civility” is based on a sense of belonging to a single “humanity.” “Civility” is a moral virtue that promotes true humanity, including mutual respect, justice, interpersonal trust, and building a sense of community. “Civility” also embraces social activities, plus gratitude and generosity to other people. The chapter draws upon writings by ethicists, social scientists, philosophers (including Stoics and Confucianism), Christian theology, and the recent papal encyclical Fratelli Tutti.
Building Community
Authors: Sheldrake Philip
Published: September 2024

Building a sense of community, and also creating and maintaining effective and inclusive communities, is a vital public virtue. This is not a simple, or always comfortable, process. These days, the word “community” is frequently used and the ideal of community is regularly promoted. However, there is also a widespread sense that a belief in common values and shared responsibilities—the heart of “community”—has sadly deteriorated these days. This chapter seeks to offer contributions about how we understand community—and promote it—drawing upon classic monastic rules, significant urban thinkers, and Christian theology and “social teaching.” The chapter also reflects on a number of important theological themes. These include Christian understandings of God-as-Trinity as the very heart of how we approach human “relationality” and “community”; the ancient Christian concept of koinonia (“communion”) as a way of describing community; and the values of regeneration and redemption.
Respect and Compassion
Authors: Sheldrake Philip
Published: September 2024

Another important public virtue is respect for people who are different from us. “Respect” implies having proper regard for the feelings and rights of other people. This connects with the Christian values of inclusivity and hospitality—especially to people who are different from us. True respect also underlines the importance of reconciliation which includes a genuine dialogue with “otherness” in ways that may change us. This involves handling disagreements sympathetically when we do not totally agree with each other. The related virtue of compassion is more than feeling sorry for people. It includes developing fellow-feeling. Again, this implies an ability to identify with people who are not “like us.” Compassion is an important virtue in a range of philosophies as well as in major religious traditions, such as the Christian scriptures. Compassion may also be linked to the virtue of mercy. This embraces more than forgiving people’s faults. In both medieval mysticism and liberation theology, mercy reflects the very nature of God.
HD 222237 b: a long-period super-Jupiter around a nearby star revealed by radial-velocity and Hipparcos–Gaia astrometry
Authors: Xiao Guang-Yao , Feng Fabo , Shectman Stephen A , Tinney C G , Teske Johanna K , Carter B D , Jones H R A , Wittenmyer Robert A , Díaz Matías R , Crane Jeffrey D , Wang Sharon X , Bailey J , O’Toole S J , Feinstein Adina D , Rice Malena , Essack Zahra , Montet Benjamin T , Shporer Avi , Butler R Paul
Published: September 2024

Giant planets on long-period orbits around the nearest stars are among the easiest to directly image. Unfortunately these planets are difficult to fully constrain by indirect methods, e.g. transit and radial velocity (RV). In this study, we present the discovery of a super-Jupiter, HD 222237 b, orbiting a star located $11.445\pm 0.002$ pc away. By combining RV data, Hipparcos, and multi-epoch Gaia astrometry, we estimate the planetary mass to be ${5.19}_{-0.58}^{+0.58}\, M_{\rm Jup}$, with an eccentricity of ${0.56}_{-0.03}^{+0.03}$ and a period of ${40.8}_{-4.5}^{+5.8}$ yr, making HD 222237 b a promising target for imaging using the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of JWST. A comparative analysis suggests that our method can break the inclination degeneracy and thus differentiate between prograde and retrograde orbits of a companion. We further find that the inferred contrast ratio between the planet and the host star in the F1550C filter ($15.50\, \mu \rm m$) is approximately $1.9\times 10^{-4}$, which is comparable with the measured limit of the MIRI coronagraphs. The relatively low metallicity of the host star ($\rm -0.32\, dex$) combined with the unique orbital architecture of this system presents an excellent opportunity to probe the planet–metallicity correlation and the formation scenarios of giant planets.