bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Vernacular Radio Regulatory Policies on Peacebuilding During 2007, 2012, and 2017 Conflicts in Presidential Elections in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Taro Titus Abongo , Ndati Ndeti , Mataba Peter
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the Ramogi Vernacular FM Radio Station and peacebuilding interventions during conflicts arising from presidential elections in 2007, 2012, and 2017. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the impact of Vernacular Radio regulatory editorial policies on peacebuilding. The study was guided by Agenda setting theory. The study used a mixed method (triangulation) research design. Purposive, Stratified, and Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample size of 384 respondents. However, 345 (89.8%) respondents from the sample were injected into the study whereby 104 were Head teachers of Primary Schools; 44 principals of secondary schools; 7 Sub-County Administrators; 67 Market Chairpersons; 38 supermarket Proprietors: 56 Bodaboda (Motor Cycle) Operators; 25 Bodaboda Sacco Chairpersons in Kisumu County and 4 Media Persons returned questionnaires and a ration of 1:10 was interviewed. Data for the study was collected by the use of questionnaires, interview schedules, and document analysis. Pearson’s r for the reliability of piloted data was +0.89 for educationists and +0.82 for business fraternity which indicated good internal consistency. Quantitative data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables and pie charts. Qualitative data was thematically analysed using NVIVO and presented through thematic narratives, which involved the identification and interpretation of patterns and themes whereby inferential statistics were used to gauge influence. The finding showed that the media outlets freely broadcast to residents. Further, social actors’ utterances were not monitored and this was a recipe for chaotic outcomes. This research recommended that there is a need for policy formulation to fill gaps in media policies to facilitate freedom of the press, need for political accountability, and need to adapt inter-cultural dialogue to enhance social cohesion.
Prone Position Pada Dewasa dan Bayi Terhadap Saturasi Oksigen di Ruangan Intensive
Authors: Pakaya Nasrun , Lestari Ayu Thirta , Pomalango Zulkifli B , Yunus Jerawati
Published: July 2022

Posisi prone merupakan merubah posisi klien berbaring diatas abdomen dengan kepala menoleh ke samping, implementasi posisi pronasi ini meningkatkan oksigenasi serta mengurangi mortalitas pada pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dari beberapa jurnal/ artikel yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2021. Pengujian kualitas studi menggunakan PICOT framework yang berfokus pada populasi, intervensi, pembanding intervensi, hasil yang diharapkan dan waktu/tahun jurnal. Penelusuran artikel/ jurnal penelitian yang terpublikasi melalui, Perpunas, database Google Scholar dan EBSCO serta yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak 6 jurnal dengan persentasi 60% sedangkan EBSCO 30% dan Perpunas 10%. Ada pengaruh prone position dengan SPO2 pada bayi dan dewasa, ada pengaruh prone position terhadap pola tidur dan BB pada bayi. Penelitian didapatkan bahwa posisi pronasi merupakan intervensi yang layak, aman, tidak memerlukan banyak biaya dan mudah diimplementasikan pada pasien dengan sedikit efek samping. Pelaksanaan intervensi posisi prone pada pasien, kondisi pasien harus dipantau secara kontinyu, tidak hanya pada orang dewasa dan lansia posisi prone juga dapat dilakukan pada bayi, terutama pada bayi premature
Cost analysis in peanut bagging (human labor & prototype bagging machine)
Authors: Uğurluay Selçuk , Somay Ali
Published: July 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to economically compare the method that could semi-mechanized bagging and the method that uses human labor.Methods and Results: For this reason, a Prototype Pneumatic Peanut Bagging Machine powered by tractor PTO shaft was designed, manufactured and used, which conveys peanut pods from the ground using aspirated air and fill the product into the bags. As a result of the cost analysis made within the scope of the study, the cost of bagging using human labor costs 7.2 $ t-1, and the prototype bagging machine costs 9.6 $ t-1. It was determined that an average of 2.5% loss occurs due to crushing while the bags were filled with human labor. In a day of work, 15 tons of products were generally bagged and loaded on a truck. In this case, approximately 375 kg of product was lost. The shelled peanut price was approximately 1.6 $ kg-1 in 2019. The approximate monetary value of the 375 kg lost product was $600. This loss should be taken into account when evaluating both bagging methods in terms of costs.Conclusions: It has been found that bagging with a prototype machine is more profitable and more humane in terms of conditions than bagging using human labor.Significance and Impact of the Study: In terms of mechanization in the cultivation and harvesting of peanuts was no problem but some post-harvest processes (especially bagging) still require a large amount of human labor and has such as some basic problems with peanut bagging. Due to lean working and dusty environment, there was a difficult and tiring working situation in terms of occupational health. Thus was getting more and more difficult to find workers for this heavy work conditions. In addition, the shovel or canister used in bagging breaks the peanut shells and causes losses.
Investigation on phytoplasma diseases, their potential insect vectors and other hosts in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growing areas of Hatay-Turkey
Authors: Çarpar Hakan , Sertkaya Gülşen
Published: July 2022

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the phytoplasma diseases of pepper plants in Hatay province between 2016 and 2019.Methods and Results: Samples of pepper (Capsicum annuum), sesame (Sesamum indicum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) which had typical phytoplasma symptoms and insect (Cicadellidae spp.) samples were collected from the pepper fields. Empoasca sp., Cicadulina bipunctata, Psammotettix sp., Balchutha hebe, Euscelidius sp., Anaceratagallia laevis and Exitianus capicola were found as potential insect vectors of the phytoplasmas as descending order of population densities. T-budding grafting technique was successful for phytoplasma transmission from infected sesame and basil plants to healthy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants in controlled conditions. Phytoplasmas were detected in pepper, tomato, basil, sesame and bindweed and from some insect samples. Total nucleic acid isolation was accomplished by the CTAB method. Direct and Nested PCR were used employing R16F1/R16R0 and R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs respectively.Conclusions: DNA of positive samples were sequenced, and uploaded to Genbank, and were identified as Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii on pepper (MT993358), sesame (MT994434), tomato (MT992754), basil (MT994432), Empoasca sp. (MT994430), Exitianus capicola (MT994433), Euscelidius sp. (MT994431); and as Ca. Phytoplasma solani on binweed (MT993422) and tomato (MT992796).Significance and Impact of the Study: According to our knowledge, this study is the first to identify and upload to Genbank of Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii on basil and Empoasca sp., Exitianus capicola and Euscelidius sp. as insect vectors of the diseases in Turkey.
Hatay ilinde yer alan turunçgil paketleme tesislerinde meyve ve hava kökenli mikrobiyata içerisindeki fungal ve bakteriyel türler ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi
Authors: Uysal Aysun , Kurt Şener , Soylu Soner , Kara Merve , Soylu Emine Mine
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hatay ilinin Antakya, Dörtyol ve Erzin ilçelerinde bulunan turunçgil meyve paketleme tesislerinde meyve ve hava kökenli mikrobiyata içerisinde yer alan fungal ve bakteriyel mikrobiyota türlerini ve yoğunluklarını belirlemektir.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Hatay ilinde bulunan turunçgil meyve paketleme tesislerinde 2020-2021 aylarında incelemeler yapılmıştır. Hava kökenli mikrobiyotanın belirlenmesi için besi yerleri paketleme tesislerinin 3 farklı bölümüne (ürün kabul, ürün işleme ve ürün çıkışı) yerleştirilmiştir. Tesislerdeki meyve kökenli mikrobiyotanın belirlenmesi için, güdümlü olarak seçilen meyvelerden (bozulma, yumuşama, çürüme vb. gözlenen) ayrıca fungal ve bakteriyel izolatlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen fungal ve bakteriyel izolatların morfolojik, biyokimyasal ve MALDI-TOF proteomik yöntemler ile tanılanmışlardır. Yapılan izolasyonlar ve tanılamalar sonucunda Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor circinelloides, Xanthomonas hortorum, Pantoea eucrina, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudescherichia vulneris, Bacillus megaterium, Lelliottia amnigena, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia herbicola hava kökenli fungal ve bakteriyel türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Fusarium solani, Geotrichum citri-auranti, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Phytophthora sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Geotrichum candidum, Erwinia herbicola, Xanthomonas hortorum ise enfekteli meyve kökenli fungal ve bakteriyel türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Genel Yorum: Hava kökenli mikrobiyotanın paketleme tesislerinin ürün işleme bölümünde oldukça yoğun olduğu, ürün kabul (giriş) ve sevk (çıkış) alanlarında ise uygun hava sirkülasyonundan dolayı yoğunluğun az olduğu gözlenmiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Paketleme tesislerindeki hava kökenli fungal ve bakteriyel mikrobiyotanın hava hareketleri ile kolayca taşınabilmesi ve havada belli süre askıda kalması nedeniyle meyvelerde bozulma ve çürüme gibi belirtilerin çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Tanılaması yapılan hava kökenli bazı bakteri türlerinin alerjen veya insan patojeni olmaları nedeniyle paketleme evlerine alınması gereken sanitasyon önlemleri hususunda gerekli bilgilendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Pengaruh Bumdes Terhadap Pengembangan Ekonomi Desa Penyaringan Kecamatan Mendoyo Kabupaten Jembrana Bali
Authors: Suandi I Made Andi Putra Negara , Sudiartini Ni Wayan Ari
Published: July 2022

Badan usaha milik Desa ini adalah salah satu lembaga yang bergerak di bidang sosial dan ekonomi dan sebagai penyedia layanan terhadap masyarakat desa utamanya mengenai bidang usaha. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, fokus penelitian: (1) Keberadaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (2) Pengaruh masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah adanya Keberadaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ekonomi masyarakat Desa Penyaringan.
The Fractality and Size Distributions of Astrophysical Self-Organized Criticality Systems
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J.
Published: July 2022

The statistics of nonlinear processes in avalanching systems, based on the self-organized criticality (SOC) concept of Bak et al. (1988), predicts power-law-like size (or occurrence frequency) distribution functions. Following up on previous work, we define a standard SOC model in terms of six assumptions: (i) area fractality, (ii) volume fractality, (iii) the flux–volume proportionality, (iv) classical diffusion, (v) the Euclidean maximum at the event peak time, and (vi) the spatiotemporal fluence or energy of an avalanche event. We gather data of the fractal dimension and power-law slopes from 162 publications and assemble them in 28 groups (for instance, solar flare energies, or stellar flare energies), from which we find that 75% of the groups are consistent with the standard SOC model. Alternative SOC models (Lévy flight, flat-world, nonfractal) are slightly less correlated with the data. Outliers are attributed to small number statistics, background definition problems, inadequate fitting ranges, and deviations from ideal power laws.
Modeling Evolution of Galactic Bars at Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Bi Da , Shlosman Isaac , Romano-Díaz Emilio
Published: July 2022

We study the evolution of galactic bars using a suite of very high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxies at z ∼ 9–2. Our models were chosen to lie within similar-mass dark matter (DM) halos, log(M
vir/M
⊙) ∼ 11.65 ± 0.05, at z = 6, 4, and 2, in high- and low-overdensity environments. We apply two galactic wind feedback mechanisms for each model. All galaxies develop subkiloparsec stellar bars differing in their properties. We find that (1) the high-z bars form in response to various perturbations: mergers, close flybys, cold accretion inflows along the cosmological filaments, etc.; (2) these bars account for the large mass fraction of galaxies; (3) bars display large corotation-to-bar size ratios, are weaker compared to their low-redshift counterparts by measuring their Fourier amplitudes, and are very gas-rich; (4) their pattern speed does not exhibit monotonic decline with time owing to braking against DM, as at low z; (5) bar properties, including their stellar population (star formation rates and metal enrichment), depend sensitively on prevailing feedback; and (6) bars can weaken substantially during cosmological evolution, becoming weak oval distortions—hence bars are destroyed and reformed multiple times, unlike their low-z counterparts. In all cases, bars in our simulations have been triggered by interactions. In summary, not only do stellar bars appear to be a contemporary phenomenon, but based on increased frequency of mergers, flybys, and the strength of cold accretion flows at high z, we also expect them to be ubiquitous at redshifts ≳2—the epoch of rapid galaxy growth and larger stellar dispersion velocities.
Validation and Interpretation of a Three-dimensional Configuration of a Magnetic Cloud Flux Rope
Authors: Hu Qiang , Zhu Chunming , He Wen , Qiu Jiong , Jian Lan K. , Prasad Avijeet
Published: July 2022

One strong magnetic cloud (MC) with a magnetic field magnitude reaching ∼40 nT at 1 au during 2012 June 16–17 is examined in association with a preexisting magnetic flux rope (MFR) identified on the Sun. The MC is characterized by a quasi-three-dimensional (3D) flux rope model based on in situ measurements from the Wind spacecraft. The contents of the magnetic flux and other parameters are quantified. In addition, a correlative study with the corresponding measurements of the same structure crossed by the Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft at a heliocentric distance of 0.7 au and with an angular separation of ∼6° in longitude is performed to validate the MC modeling results. The spatial variation between the Wind and VEX magnetic field measurements is attributed to the 3D configuration of the structure appearing as a knotted bundle of flux. A comparison of the magnetic flux contents between the MC and the preexisting MFR on the Sun indicates that the 3D reconnection process accompanying an M1.9 flare may correspond to the magnetic reconnection between the field lines of the preexisting MFR rooted in the opposite polarity footpoints. Such a process reduces the amount of the axial magnetic flux in the erupted flux rope, by approximately 50%, in this case.
Implications of NICER for Neutron Star Matter: The QHC21 Equation of State
Authors: Kojo Toru , Baym Gordon , Hatsuda Tetsuo
Published: July 2022

The recent NICER measurement of the radius of the neutron star PSR J0740+6620, and the inferred small variation of radii from 1.4 to 2.1 M
⊙, reveal key features of the equation of state of neutron star matter. The pressure rises rapidly in the regime of baryon density n ∼ 2–4 times nuclear saturation density, n
0—the region where we expect hadronic matter to be undergoing transformation into quark matter—and the pressure in the nuclear regime is greater than predicted by microscopic many-body variational calculations of nuclear matter. To incorporate these insights into the microscopic physics from the nuclear to the quark matter regimes, we construct an equation of state, QHC21, within the framework of quark–hadron crossover. We include nuclear matter results primarily based on the state-of-the-art chiral effective field theory, but also note results of using nuclear matter variational calculations based on empirical nuclear forces. We employ explicit nuclear degrees of freedom only up to n ∼ 1.5 n
0, in order to explore the possibility of further physical degrees of freedom than nucleonic here. The resulting QHC21, which has a peak in sound velocity in ∼2–4 n
0, is stiffer than the earlier QHC19 below 2 n
0, predicting larger radii in substantial agreement with the NICER data.
Medium- and large-sized mammals from Estação Biológica Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Veríssimo Iuri , Cupolillo Gabriel , Jorge Beatriz Maria , Novaes Roberto Leonan , Tavares Jonatas , Gabriel Monique , Costa-Neto Sócrates , do Couto Ademar Luiz , Schmidt Ellen , Miranda Amarildo , de Andreazzi Cecilia , Moratelli Ricardo
Published: July 2022

The Pedra Branca Forest is in a highly urbanised region of the central portion of Rio de Janeiro City and comprises the largest urban forest in the world (> 12,000 ha). The local flora and fauna are protected by three conservation units and the Estação Biológica Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (EFMA), which comprises 462 hectares on the east side of the remnant. The local biodiversity is still little known compared to other Atlantic Forest remnants from the Rio de Janeiro State. Here, we provide results of a survey of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals from the EFMA. In addition, we analysed the distribution of this fauna along three habitat types defined as Peridomicile, Transitional Forest and Forest Core. Sampling was performed from 2017 to 2020 and comprised a camera-trap survey, interviews with residents and local workers and occasional records. Results include occurrence records for 16 autochthonous and one allochthonous (Callithrixsp.) wild mammals, which are distributed into 14 families and seven orders, in addition to the presence of free-ranging domestic dogs and cats. Four species are in some category of threat of extinction at national or global levels. Amongst them,Leontopithecus rosalia(first record for the Rio de Janeiro City in more than a century) andLeopardus guttulusare classified as Vulnerable by IUCN. Most wild native species were registered in the three habitat types, but with differences in the frequency of records. Our results indicate that the presence of domestic dogs and cats influenced the species composition in each area, withNasua nasua,Dasyprocta leporinaandDidelphis auritaless frequent in places where domestic dogs and cats are more frequent. This is the first systematic effort to understand the occurrence and distribution of mid- and large-sized mammals in the Pedra Branca Forest.
Mapping and assessing ecosystem services in Europe's Overseas: A comparative analysis of MOVE case studies
Authors: Sieber Ina M. , Montero-Hidalgo Miriam , Kato-Huerta Jarumi , Rendon Paula , Santos-Martín Fernando , Geneletti Davide , Gil Artur , Trégarot Ewan , Lagabrielle Erwann , Parelho Carolina , Arbelo Manuel , van Beukering Pieter , Bayley Dan , Casas Enrique , Duijndam Sem , Cillaurren Esperance , David Gilbert , Dourdain Aurelie , Haroun Ricardo , Maréchal Jean-Philippe , Martín García Laura , Otero-Ferrer Francisco , Palacios Nieto Elena , Pelembe Tara , Vergílio Marta , Burkhard Benjamin
Published: July 2022

Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) has been widely applied on the European Union (EU) mainland, whereas the EU Overseas entities still bear potential for implementation. This paper presents novel applications of the MAES procedure in the EU Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries and Territories ("EU Overseas"). Eight case studies from different geographical areas were analysed through a comparative assessment by applying an established framework following key steps in the MAES process, in order to stipulate lessons learned and recommendations for MAES in the EU Overseas. These key steps include the identification of policy questions, stakeholder networks and involvement, application of MAES methods, dissemination and communication and implementation. The case studies were conducted and analysed under the umbrella of the EU MOVE pilot project, including the Azores, the Canary Islands, Saint Martin, French Guiana, Martinique, Reunion Island and the Falkland Islands. Each case study represented different governance, policy and decision-making frameworks towards biodiversity and environmental protection. Case studies predominantly addressed the policy domains of Nature and Biodiversity Conservation and Marine and Maritime Policy. Ecosystem Services (ES) were assessed across a wide range of themes, biomes and scales, focusing on terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems. Results show that the implementation of the case studies was accompanied by extensive communication and dissemination activities. First success stories were visible, where the MAES exercise led to meaningful uptake of the ES concept to policies and decision-making. Yet, there is still work to be done - major bottlenecks were identified related to the MAES implementation centring around financial resources, training and technical expertise. Addressing these aspects can contribute to an enhanced implementation of MAES in the EU Overseas in the future.
Construction of network pharmacology-based approach and potential mechanism from major components of Coriander sativum L. against COVID-19
Authors: Islamie Ridho , Iksen Iksen , Buana Bayu Cakra , Gurning Kasta , Syahputra Hariyadi Dharmawan , Winata Hanafis Sastra
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite the fact that various therapeutic compounds have shown potential prevention or treatment, no specific medicine has been developed for the COVID-19 pandemic. Natural products have recently been suggested as a possible treatment option for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This study focused on the potential of Coriander sativum L. (CSL) against COVID-19 based on network pharmacology approach. Interested candidates of CSL were identified by searching accessible databases for protein–protein interactions with the COVID-19. An additional GO and KEGG pathway analysis was carried out in order to identify the related mechanism of action. In the end, 51 targets were obtained through network pharmacology analysis with EGFR, AR, JAK2, PARP1, and CTSB become the core target. CSL may have favorable effects on COVID-19 through a number of important pathways, according to GO and KEGG pathway analyses. These findings suggest that CSL may prevent and inhibit the several processes related to COVID-19.
Perceptions et réactions d’intervenants québécois face à la dispensation de services sociaux aux jeunes et aux familles en temps de COVID-19
Authors: Simard Marie-Claude , Pouliot Ève , Maltais Danielle , Nadeau Danielle , Collin-Vézina Delphine , Séguin-Baril Sara , Tremblay Julie , Nadeau France
Published: July 2022

Cette étude qualitative vise à documenter les perceptions et les réactions des intervenants du réseau des services sociaux à l’enfance, jeunesse, famille face aux conséquences de la pandémie de COVID-19. Entre la 3 e et la 4 e  vague de la pandémie au Québec, 11 intervenants, incluant deux gestionnaires, ont pris part à des groupes de discussion. Les résultats révèlent qu’ils ont ressenti de la peur, de la colère, de l’anxiété, des sentiments d’impuissance et d’incompétence, des tensions et ont dû faire face à une polarisation des opinions, ainsi que de la surcharge et de l’épuisement. Pour s’adapter à cette situation, ils ont employé diverses stratégies, dont la méditation et le télétravail. Ces résultats permettent de dégager cinq constats qui pourront servir à l’amélioration des pratiques et du bien-être des intervenants dans le contexte de la pandémie et en période post-pandémie.
Le travail social en France au défi de la crise sanitaire
Authors: Achard Christelle , Rullac Stéphane
Published: July 2022

Cet article entend proposer une réflexion critique des impacts de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur le travail social en France, sur une période de deux ans (mars 2020 / mars 2022). Alors que le terme même de « crise » invite à penser en termes de rupture et de bouleversement, nous postulerons que les changements constatés n’ont pas infléchi les tendances de fond qui traversent le secteur social. Les logiques de court terme, de contrepartie et d’activation qui guident la conception et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques semblent sorties renforcées de cette période.
Mid-Flexion Instability After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Diagnosis, Implant Design, and Outcomes
Authors: Mehta Nabil , Burnett Robert A. , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Miller Rhiannon , Chalmers Brian , Cross Michael B.
Published: July 2022

Mid-flexion instability (MFI) in total knee arthroplasty refers to a distinct clinical entity where the knee is stable at full extension and 90° of flexion, but unstable somewhere between these 2 points. The presentation of MFI is often vague, and studies defining objective clinical or intraoperative measurements are limited. In this review, we aim to properly define the condition, describe diagnostic criteria and risk factors contributing to MFI, review current implant design, and present outcomes of revision surgery performed for MFI. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(1):e13–e19.]
Nephrotoxicity Related to Antibiotic-Loaded Spacers in a 2-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Judd Hyrum , Benito Jorge , Pannu Tejbir S. , Villa Jesus M. , Higuera Carlos A. , Corces Arturo
Published: July 2022

Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) spacers are the mainstay in 2-stage revision, but antibiotics (vancomycin plus aminoglycosides) may undergo systemic absorption, resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI). Data on spacer antibiotics are heterogeneous. Our objective was to review risk factors for AKI and dosage of antibiotics. Significant AKI risk factors were antibiotic concentration greater than 3 or 3.6 g per cement batch, comorbidities, chronic kidney disease, and hypovolemia. Despite similar spacer antibiotic dosing, there was remarkable variability in serum concentrations. To err on the side of caution, it appears that antibiotic dose below 3 g per cement batch might be relatively safe until more evidence surfaces. Consideration of risk factors for AKI calls for appropriate antibiotic use in 2-stage revision. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(3):e136–e142.]
Entropy based extended TOPOSIS method for MCDM problem with fuzzy credibility numbers
Authors: Midrar Talha , Khan Saifullah , Abdullah Saleem , Botmart Thongchai
Published: July 2022

Due to the vagueness and uncertainty of human cognition/judgments as related to complicated decision-making problems, existing fuzzy decision-making approaches merely signal fuzzy assessment values and lack degrees/levels of credibility for the fuzzy assessment values in alternatives over attributes. As a result, the fuzzy evaluative value's credibility degree highlights its significance and importance in the fuzzy decision-making problem. To improve the degrees/levels of credibility of fuzzy evaluation values, the fuzzy assessment values should be tightly linked to their credibility measures, which would result in more abundant and reliable assessment information. The major goal of this research was to describe new procedures for credible fuzzy numbers based on the Dombi t-norm and Dombi t-conorm. Dombi operations can benefit from the operational parameter's best tractability. These operations are more generalized for credibility fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, using the basic operational laws of Dombi t-norm and Dombi t-conorm, we develop a series of fuzzy credibility Dombi aggregation operators, like the fuzzy credibility Dombi geometric aggregation operator, fuzzy credibility Dombi ordered geometric aggregation operator and fuzzy credibility Dombi hybrid geometric aggregation operator. To handle this sort of decision-making problem, an extended TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) is proposed. Finally, we present an example, along with a discussion of the comparative results to check the accuracy and validation of the proposed methods, to confirm that their results are credible and feasible.
Methemoglobinemia and acute hemolysis induced by high intravenous doses of vitamin C in a COVID-19 patient with unrecognized glucose-6- phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Fimognari Filippo Luca , Bambara Valentina , Scarpino Paola , Cuccurullo Olga , Ricchio Roberto , Iorio Claudio , Rizzo Massimo
Published: July 2022

In glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency (favism), exposure to oxidant agents can trigger hemolytic crises. The intravenous administration of very high doses of vitamin C was proposed as a treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Unlike low vitamin C doses, very high doses (>6 gr daily) can promote H2O2 formation, oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin and, eventually, hemolytic anemia in patients with favism. We here describe the case of a 77-year old man hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia and treated with a mean daily dose of 9.5 gr of intravenous vitamin C during the first 6 days. He developed methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia, which improved after interruption of vitamin C treatment. Previously unrecognized glucose- 6-phophate-dehydrogenase deficiency was diagnosed. This first case of vitamin Cinduced hemolytic anemia in a COVID-19 patient indicates the need of a screening for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency before treatment with very high vitamin C doses or for long period.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Syzygium cumini against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Shidiki Amrullah , Vyas Ashish
Published: July 2022

Background:

The resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus as in form of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), inducible clindamycin resistant S. aureus (iMLSB) and constitutive clindamycin-resistant S. aureus (cMLSB) are the major causes of death. An ethnobotanical survey of Syzygium cumini revealed that bioactive compounds showed effective against tested these resistant strains of S. aureus.

Methods:

The main goal of this study is to screening of phytochemicals by different biochemical tests, antimicrobial evaluation as per agar well-diffusion method and identification of chemical constituents of leaves of Syzygium cumini via liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LCMS) technique.

Results:

The extractive yield was higher with ethanol extract (18.10 ± 0.10). Four phytoconstituents, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannin found in four solvent extracts except hexane. The zone of inhibition was higher in aqueous extract with ranges 17–27 mm. Twenty different chemical constituents of leaves of aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini were identified through the application of LCMS data.

Conclusion:

The Syzygium cumini of phytoconstituents showed antibacterial activity against MRSA, iMLSB, and cMLSB. Thus, it may help for the treatment of diseases caused by MRSA, iMLSB, and cMLSB.
Enhanced Antifungal Activity of Piper betle Against Candidiasis Infection Causing Candida Albicans and In silico Analysis with its Virulent Protein
Authors: Selvaraj Ganesh Kumar , Wilson Jayaraj John , Kanagaraj Nalini , Subashini Eswarapandian , Thangavel Sivakumar
Published: July 2022

Background:

The widespread usage of synthetic chemical drugs often contributes to the development of drug resistance in the clinical pathogens along with hazardous side effects in the human side. Among those clinical pathogens, Candida albicans is a prime consideration to explore. C. albicans is wildly causing a fungal infection of oral cavity well known as candidiasis. This study is prompted to find some novel natural compounds from a medicinal plant, Piper betle against C. albicans.

Methods:

Bioactive compounds were extracted from the betel leaves using different solvents. The standard drug, fluconazole was used to check anticandidal activity of P. betle against C. albicans. Plant extracts were further characterized by the antioxidant and different scavenging assays. The biocompounds were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and successfully subjected to molecular docking study.

Results:

Methanol and ethanol extracts were showed potential antifungal, antioxidant, and scavenging activity against C. albicans, in comparison with control drug. Twenty-seven bioactive compounds were identified in the methanol extract of P. betle. These active bioactive compounds were docked with candidapepsin-1, a proteolytic virulent enzyme of C. albicans and compared with a control drug, fluconazole (−7.8 kcal/mol), and the effective interaction was observed with specific bioactive compound, 4-hydroxy-5-imino-3,4-dimethyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-imidazolidinone (−7.5 kcal/mol).

Conclusion:

The present study reveals that methanol and ethanol extract of P. betle is a potential source of natural-free radical scavenging antioxidants. These findings will be great helpful in the new drug analysis for the determination of antimicrobial biocompounds against candidiasis and other clinically related infections.
Safety and Sagacious Use of Remdesivir
Authors: Gupta Jeetendra Kumar
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 has severely impacted the viability on the earth. Its pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has manifested catastrophic effect on the world's demographics and emerged as the most epizootic agent for human beings. Even though considerable progress in research has led to a better understanding of the virus, there is no specific and potent treatment or cure has been proven effective for this disease. Based on the available scientific evidences, U. S. Food and Drug Administration has issued an emergency use authorization for the emergency use of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 virus in critical and hospitalized patients. Remdesivir is a prodrug form of a nucleoside analog GS-441524. It is given intravenously because of its poor absorption through oral route. Remdesivir acts against viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase targeting viral genome replication. It has been used in many countries as an emergency drug for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. However, in order to substantiate the result through suitable statistics, large-scale clinical trials are required. As per existing studies, the most common adverse effects reported after intravenous administration of remdesivir are elevation in the level of aminotransferase enzymes and bilirubin. Renal impairment, hypotension, and diarrhea have also been revealed in few patients. As of now, there is limited trial data available on remdesivir, so irrevocable epilogues cannot be drawn. However, it is believed by many therapists that irrational use of remdesivir should be prohibited. The erroneous use of remdesivir can lead to the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutating, and its consequence may be ill-starred in future.
Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Gupta Gajendra Kumar , Sarkar Purnima Dey , Manyal Rohit , Rajput Mithun Singh
Published: July 2022

Background:

The evidence from various studies showed that patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have altered components of hemostasis such as platelet function, procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways, and modulate inflammation such as acute or chronic inflammatory state. These components may alter based on race, regions, or environment. Assessment of the hemostatic parameters in our region is imperative because the altered components so involved may give an insight as to the clinical phenotypes of Arab-Indian haplotypes we have in our setting. The objective of present study is to assess basic hemostatic and inflammatory parameters in patients with SCD during steady state at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

Blood samples of 95 patients with SCD during steady state attending M. Y. Hospital, Indore, India, during the period of November 2019 to March 2020 were screened for C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and platelet counts using latex enhanced immune-turbidimetric assay and hemotology analyzer, respectively, while prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) by automated coagulation analyzer.

Results:

It was observed that there is no significant difference among the mean platelet count (321.9 ± 97.63 × 109/l) of SCD patients and control groups (P = 0.69). CRP levels (6.60 ± 2.83 mg/l) were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.01) in SCD patients in comparison with their respective control. The mean PT (15.21 ± 1.58 s) and APTT values (37.69 ± 2.50 s) were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.05 for both) in SCD patient group when compared with control group.

Conclusion:

The study confirms that patients with SCD in steady state have significant prolonged coagulation indices. These can be an evidence of hypercoagulable state in SCD and may provide reference values appropriate for therapeutic target. We recommend that patients of SCD especially those with severe vaso-occlusive crises should have these hemostatic parameters as a basic test and during routine clinic follow-up for improved management.
Biomarkers of Oral Cancer
Authors: Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Bannimath Gurupadayya , Shivakumar Shivananda , Bannimath Namitha
Published: July 2022

Tumor biomarkers are the chemical substances that the human body or cancer cells produce in response to the presence of cancer. These markers are mostly proteins that cancer cells produce more quickly. Patients with certain types of cancer have higher levels of these protein substances in their urine, blood, or body tissue and help differentiate between primary and secondary tumors. Oral carcinomas, especially of the head-and-neck region, represent a critical diagnostic challenge not only for the histopathologist but also for the clinician when planning an appropriate treatment protocol. For these reasons, the practice and understanding of these biomarkers have improved tremendously. This review not only sheds light on the different types of tumor markers but also shows their role in some diseases.
Structural Characterization of Inclusion Complex of Stigmasterol with Alpha-Cyclodextrin using Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Francy Kuruz , Kumari Johnson Prema , Roselet Simon Lizy
Published: July 2022

Background:

Stigmasterol possesses numerous physiological effects and is used as food supplements and behaves as a pharmaceutical agent. It exhibits anticancer effects against various cancers. The usefulness of the stigmasterol is restricted due to its poor solubility. To overcome this and enhance the solubility and bioavailability of this phytosterol, molecular encapsulation is utilized to augment the desirable properties of stigmasterol. This research work aims to investigate the interaction between stigmasterol and alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) in aqueous solution as well as in solid state and experimentally examined by spectral techniques.

Methods:

The liquid complexes are characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy and solid inclusion complexes are characterized by Fourier transformer infrared resonance and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal behavior of the complex is analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter. Phase solubility studies are done to learn the solubility of the newly synthesized complex.

Results:

Formation constant from UV-visible analysis is found to be 569 M−1 by Benesi–Hildebrand equation. The solubility constant is calculated to be 52 M−1. The results obtained prove the inclusion which is confirmed through molecular docking studies.

Conclusion:

The newly synthesized inclusion complex is a potent pharmaceutical agent in drug formulation as stigmasterol solubility is enhanced when included in the cavity of α-CD.
Recent Insights of SARS-CoV-2 Potential Inhibitors
Authors: Faheem Mohd , Singh Vinay Kumar , Srivastava Abhishek
Published: July 2022

The year of 2019–2021 is emergency that the world is facing due to the spread of 2019-nCoV which has created a very critical condition in human society, known as COVID-19. The complex virus belongs to the family of coronaviridae and genera betacoronavirus and spreads through human interaction. The common symptoms observed in infected are a sudden rise in body temperature within 1st to 9th day of infection, problems around the neck and throat from the start of the infection followed by the spread of infection into the lungs that cause novel coronavirus pneumonia and kidney failure. Many of the receptor proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and target proteins of the human cells are responsible for endocytosis such as main protease or 3C-like protease, RNA polymerase, and spike protein. These proteins play a vital role in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Many of the computational designed drugs and docking-based drugs are reported as anti-COVID-19. Many of the drugs show strong potent activity against this deadly virus. This study demonstrates the synthetic and computational designed approach, drugs, and compounds for the potential inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The review will be helpful in finding a new approach of a drug as an inhibitory receptor of SARS-CoV-2.
S-100 Negative Cutaneous Granular Cell Tumor
Authors: Mishra Arup , Banerjee Uma , Talukdar Manas , Jain Bhawna Bhutoria
Published: July 2022

Cutaneous granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon benign mesenchymal neoplasm of skin constitutes 0.5% of all soft-tissue tumors, presenting as slowly growing papule or nodule. Familial cases and congenital GCT have been reported to be associated with multiple lesions. Classic GCT is usually S-100 and CD 68 positive. Here, we report the case of a 16-year-old male patient presented with a 2-year history of slowly growing firm, nontender, nodular masses all over the body without any lymphadenopathy. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections show histological picture of GCT, but it is CD-68 positive and S-100 negative on immunohistochemistry. Due to its rare immunohistological feature, we are presenting this case. Documentation and reporting of such aberrant cases are necessary for further study on actual origin of these tumors which may aid for better management in future.
Antioxidant-Rich Peridialytic Granola Bar for Hemodialytic Subjects
Authors: Kumar Sudhishna , Velraja Supriya , Arambakkam Hemamalini Janardhanan
Published: July 2022

Background:

Chronic kidney disease is an emerging major noncommunicable health problem globally. The hemodialysis procedure results with increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase with change in serum antioxidant activity. The aim of the study is to formulate an antioxidant-rich peridialytic granola bar to supplement hemodialysis patients.

Methods:

The recipe was formulated using oats, ground nuts, dehydrated papaya, flax seeds, almonds, honey, and vegetable oil. To make the supplement antioxidant-rich, dehydrated papaya, honey, and vegetable oil have been selected.

Results:

The amount of antioxidant in the analyzed peridialytic granola bar has been compared with the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for the hemodialysis patients and the quantity for supplementation has been finalized. The 80 g of peridialytic granola bar provides around 3369.6 μg of antioxidant, 15 g of protein, and 346.4 kcal of energy to meet the two-third of the recommended antioxidants and one-fourth of the protein and energy.

Conclusion:

The composition of the developed bar was standardized through organoleptic evaluation. The antioxidant content of the developed product was analyzed and compared with RDA. Eighty grams, i.e., 2 numbers of peridialytic granola bar, will provide roughly around 3369.6 μg of antioxidant, 15 g of protein, and 346.4 kcal of energy. This nutritional value is equivalent to approximately 1 serving of standard commercial formulas of 50 g. The formulated antioxidant-rich peridialytic granola bar can be considered for supplementation for 4 weeks to the subjects undergoing hemodialysis to reduce their oxidative stress.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Puducherry, India
Authors: Ragunathan Latha , Kannaiyan Kavitha , Subramanian Vithiavathi , Samuel Marcella Sherin , Mahendran Murugavel
Published: July 2022

Background:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health problem and the most significant cause of liver disease in patient receiving dialysis for a long term. The prevalence of HCV infections among dialysis patients varies markedly from country to country. Tight infection control measures implemented in developed countries have minimized the transmission rate, while the prevalence still remains high in the developing world. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence rate of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients, to describe demographic characteristics of individuals infected with HCV and to determine whether HCV-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing identifies HCV infections not detected by anti-HCV testing.

Methods:

This retrospective record-based study was carried in Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, a Tertiary Care Center in Puducherry, A total of 258 chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis were studied and tested for anti-HCV antibodies by 4th generation HCV TRIDOT ELISA and real time-PCR.

Results:

Anti-HCV antibodies were positive in 34 (13.2%) patients, comprising 27 (79.4%) males and 7 (20.6%) females. The majority of patients were found to be positive; between 41 and 60 age 24 (70.5%). HCV RNA was detected in 38 (14.72%) patients. The mean age of patients undergoing dialysis was 45 years. 12 (35%) had raised aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and 14 (41%) had raised alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Gamma-glutamyl transferase was found to be raised in 25 (73.5%) of the subjects. All the 34 HCV seropositive patients were hypertensive and 33% had diabetes mellitus. 23 (67.6%) patients had undergone dialysis in more than one center.

Conclusions:

Regular screening of patients for HCV is absolute necessity for early detection of HCV infection that could result in better management of patients and also stresses on the importance of HCV RNA detection by PCR. Strict adherence to universal precautions, the use of dedicated machines along with regular surveillance for HCV in HD units will dramatically decrease the risk of transmission of HCV.