bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Tracheal Aspirate and Serum Procalcitonin Level in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Ventilated Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Rezk ahmed R , ibrahim hanan m , Tarek mennat allah , magdy sondos
Published: December 2024

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent nosocomial infection with high mortality and morbidity among critically ill patients. Its diagnosis remains challenging due to the limited reliability of clinical assessments. VAP is suspected in cases of new or progressive pulmonary infiltrates with clinical signs of infection and is confirmed through pathogen identification in lower respiratory tract samples. The utility of procalcitonin (PCT) as a biomarker for VAP diagnosis remains unclear. This study investigates the role of tracheal aspirate procalcitonin in early diagnosis and prediction of VAP.Results: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 50 ventilated pediatric patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit over six months (June–December 2023). Participants (26 females, 24 males; median age: 1.75 years) were divided into VAP and non-VAP groups. PCT levels were measured on day zero and day three of ventilation.In the VAP group, median PCT levels on day three were significantly higher (574.9 ng/mL, IQR: 362–719) than in the non-VAP group (280 ng/mL, IQR: 192.9–555) (p = 0.026), highlighting PCT’s potential as a diagnostic biomarker for VAP. Comparisons of PCT levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum samples in the VAP group showed no statistically significant difference (median BAL: 2500 ng/mL, IQR: 1231–2500; median serum: 2161 ng/mL, IQR: 1084–2500; p = 0.778).Mortality analysis revealed significantly higher PCT levels on day three in patients who died (574.9 ng/mL, IQR: 353.6–792) compared to those discharged (248.2 ng/mL, IQR: 189.7–453.4) (p = 0.003), suggesting a strong association between elevated PCT levels and mortality risk.Conclusion: Day three PCT levels demonstrated high diagnostic performance in distinguishing VAP from non-VAP cases. Both BAL and serum PCT levels were equally reliable in confirming VAP, showing excellent sensitivity and specificity. Elevated PCT levels were also strongly associated with increased mortality.
Assessing the Efficacy of Wildlife Underpasses in Mitigating Amphibian Road Mortality: A Case Study from the Northeastern United States
Authors: Marcelino Matthew R. , Parren Steve G. , Mosher Brittany A.
Published: December 2024

Roads pose significant threats to wildlife populations worldwide, leading to habitat fragmentation and high mortality rates among various species. Mitigation strategies such as wildlife underpasses have been implemented to alleviate these impacts, yet few studies have assessed their effectiveness before and after implementation. We conducted a case study in the northeastern United States to evaluate the efficacy of a wildlife underpass complex in mitigating amphibian road mortality. The study area encompassed a 1.3 km stretch of road, where two underpasses were constructed to facilitate amphibian passage. Through a comprehensive survey spanning five years pre-construction and seven years post-construction, we collected data on amphibian mortality and environmental factors. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess changes in mortality rates before and after underpass construction using a before-after control-impact design. Our findings indicate a substantial reduction in mortality across the entire amphibian community and for non-arboreal amphibians within treatment areas post-construction. While arboreal amphibian mortality decreased, the difference was not statistically significant. The underpasses effectively facilitated amphibian movement, with observed usage by various species, including arboreal individuals. Overall, our study provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of wildlife underpasses in reducing amphibian road mortality, highlighting them as a potentially important conservation action. These findings underscore the significance of incorporating underpass structures into transportation planning and infrastructure development to mitigate negative impacts on wildlife populations. Moreover, our study contributes valuable insights for future research and informs policy initiatives aimed at enhancing habitat connectivity and safeguarding vulnerable amphibian populations in environments bisected by roadways.
Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy for severe spasticity in patients with severe mental and physical disabilities
Authors: Sakai Tomoko , Hirao Masanobu , Takashina Yusuke , Yamamoto Akiko , Oishi Tsutomu
Published: December 2024

Patients with severe motor and intellectual disability (SMID) experience persistent spastic pain and severe malpositioning of the limbs, exacerbated by the lack of effective treatment for severe spasticity. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) for spasticity in these patients. rESWT was applied to the biceps brachii at the elbow joint with flexion pattern spasticity of Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) grade 1 + or greater. The MAS score and elbow joint range of motion (EROM) were monitored for up to 10 weeks. Electromyography signals at rest were recorded on eight elbow joints. Adverse events were also recorded. Following a single rESWT session, the spasticity of the elbow joint immediately decreased, MAS score significantly decreased by 1.0° ± 0.1, and EROM significantly increased by 9.1° ± 2.5°. Muscle activity decreased by an average of 32 ± 5%. rESWT resulted in an immediate and clear improvement in the MAS score for approximately 8 weeks and in the EROM continuing even at 10 weeks. Our findings highlight rESWT as a non-invasive therapy for spasticity in patients with SMID.
A method for estimating neck circumference using ubiquitous health variables for sleep apnea screening
Authors: Cepeda Felipe Xerez , Ferreira Guilherme da Silva , Meneghetti Douglas De Rizzo , Santos-Silva Rogerio
Published: December 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition that frequently goes undiagnosed. NoSAS Score provides a straightforward approach for rapid and accurate OSA screening, although it requires measuring neck circumference (NC). We aimed to develop a linear regression model to estimate NC using NoSAS variables. 3,109 subjects from the Sleep Health Heart Study database were included (56% man; 62 ± 10 years; body mass index [BMI] = 28.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2; NC = 38.5 ± 4.8 cm; apnea-hypopnea index = 14.5). Four multiple linear regression models were developed: 1) Age, BMI, sex, snoring; 2) Age, height, weight, sex, snoring; 3) Sex, BMI; 4) Sex, weight. Models 3 and 4 included the most significant variables of models 1 and 2, identified through permutation feature importance. For fitting and evaluating the models, participants were allocated into training/validation (80%) and testing (20%) sets. Model 3 (mean absolute error = 1.72 cm, mean absolute percentage error = 4.49%, and R2 = 0.72) was selected for further evaluation due to its simplicity, resulting in the following formula for estimated NC: eNC = 22.9 + 0.438×BMI + 5.435×Male. Using eNC instead of true NC did not reduce the performance of NoSAS in identifying individuals at high risk of OSA. The presented model for NC estimation can be utilized to assess OSA risk when NC measurement is unavailable.
Mullerian Anomaly – A Conundrum
Authors: Rajaraman Vaishnavi , Kumary Beena
Published: December 2024

Background: A broad range of Müllerian anomalies have been documented, and multiple anomalies can coexist in a single individual. Accurate identification of the different components of an anomaly is crucial for determining an effective treatment plan. This report presents an extremely rare case of a Müllerian anomaly in a 34-year-old nulliparous woman.
Case Presentation: A 34-year-old nulliparous woman presented to the outpatient department with a six-month history of dyspareunia, without any associated menstrual irregularities or disturbances. Perineal examination revealed a blind-ending vaginal pouch measuring 1 cm, along with a septum and a narrowed vaginal orifice. Ultrasound and pelvic MRI were critical in establishing the diagnosis of a Müllerian anomaly.
Discussion: Although this is a rare presentation, it is essential to have a structured protocol for accurate diagnosis and management of Müllerian anomalies to ensure favorable outcomes. The patient underwent a complete septal resection, which successfully addressed her symptoms. This case emphasizes the importance of early and precise diagnosis using imaging modalities such as ultrasound and MRI for planning effective treatment and improving the patient's quality of life.
Non-linear relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma and ischemic stroke in the diabetic population in ICU: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Liling , Su Zhihang , Chen Xingling , Hu Haofei , Wan Qijun
Published: December 2024

Objectives
The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) value is relationship with the risk of atherosclerosis, a known risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, studies on the correlation between AIP value and ischemic stroke (IS) in the diabetic population in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are rare. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between AIP values and IS among diabetic patients in American ICUs.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective cohort study comprising 3695 patients from the eICU-CRD v2.0 database between 2014 and 2015 in the USA was conducted. We utilized logistic regression model to investigate the correlation between between AIP values and IS among diabetic patients in American ICUs. To detect possible non-linear associations, we combined logistic regression with generalized additive model (GAM). Additionally, we conducted a thorough array of sensitivity and subgroup analyses to verify the robustness of our results.
Results
The prevalence of IS was 19.46%. The median AIP was 0.52 (interquartile range, 0.29-0.76). Participants with stroke exhibited a significant elevation in AIP levels. In particular, each one-unit elevation in AIP levels was associated with a 40% increased risk of IS (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.1-2.8, P<0.001). In addition, a non-linear relationship exists between the AIP value and the incidence of IS, with an inflection point at 0.8. The effect sizes (OR) on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5-1.8; P= 0.741) and 1.7 (95%CI: 1.2-2.5; P＜0.001 ), respectively.
Conclusion
The research uncovers a positive, non-linear correlation between the AIP value and IS incidence among diabetic patients in American ICUs. Notably, a significant association between the AIP value and IS emerges when the AIP value is less than 0.8. From a therapeutic perspective, reducing AIP levels below the inflection point seems reasonable. However, the findings require validation through prospective studies.
Comparison of fully neuroendoscopic and microscopic microvascular decompression for treating primary trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Li Lei , Shao Dongqi , Zheng Xialin , Sun Tao , Zhai Hongjie , Dong Xiaohui , Sun Jing , fang mengtian , lou feiyun , jiang zhiquan
Published: December 2024

Objective: To compare theintraoperative outcome and postoperativeefficacy of fully neuroendoscopic and microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) under neurophysiological monitoring in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN).
Methods: This retrospective study included 131 patients with PTN who were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and October 2022. The patients were categorized according to the treatment received into the endoscopic group (n=53) (fully neuroendoscopic MVD) and the microscopic group (n=78) (microscopic MVD). All patients were treated under neurophysiological monitoring. The surgical time, identification of offending vessels, full exposure of trigeminal nerve structure, postoperative efficacy, complications, and recurrence rate were compared between both groups.
Results: There were differences in incision length and bone flap diameter between the two groups (P<0.05). Endoscopy was more minimally invasive compared to microscopy; however, there was no significant difference in surgical time and blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). In the group with no neurovascular compression identified during preoperative assessment, the surgical duration was significantly shorter with endoscopy compared to microscopy (P < 0.05).The consistency rate of preoperative MRTA result and intraoperative offending vessels differed between the two groups (P<0.05), indicating that endoscopy may be more accurate than microscopy in detecting offending vessels. Compared to microscopes, endoscopes provide better exposure of the trigeminal nerve throughout the procedure, and the need to adjust the Teflon pledget is less frequent (P<0.05), thereby reducing the number of nerve disturbances. There was no significant difference in postoperative remission rate and BNI scores between the groups (P>0.05). Compared to the microscopy group, the recurrence rate at 2 years and the last follow-up after endoscopic surgery was lower; however, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications, mortality rate, and length of hospital stay between the groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Endoscopic and microscopic microvascular decompression are effective for PTN and have comparable outcomes. Endoscopy enhances visualization and identification of offending vessels; moreover, compared with microscopy, endoscopy is more suitable for detecting and fully separating potentially hidden offending vessels; however, its technical complexity necessitates individualized treatment based on patient needs and institutional expertise.
Effective Phytoremediation of Soil Contamination through Native Iranian Hyperaccumulator Plant Species
Authors: Rasti Soqra , Rajabzadeh Mohammad Ali , Park Jae K.
Published: December 2024

Addressing the growing issue of soil contamination requires identifying effective hyperaccumulator plant species, which are essential for the success and efficiency of phytoremediation. These unique plants can absorb and sequester metals at concentrations significantly higher than typical flora, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution. Phytoremediation, as the primary approach in this study, was explored to identify potential candidates for phytoextraction and phytostabilization among seven native plant species growing on manganese (Mn)-bearing soils derived from ultramafic rocks in the Abadeh-Tashk ophiolite complex, Iran. E. stellata was a promising Mn-hyperaccumulator suitable for phytoextraction in contaminated areas. In contrast, species like C. intricata, O. persica, and A. fasciculifolius exhibited high bioconcentration factors (BCFs) alongside low translocation factors (TFs), suggesting their potential for Mn phytostabilization. Further analysis of individual elements revealed that these species, with BCF > 1 and TF < 1, were also suitable candidates for Cu phytostabilization. Additionally, C. intricata demonstrated strong nickel (Ni) accumulation, indicating its suitability for Ni phytostabilization. The study also examined factors influencing Mn uptake, including soil characteristics such as CaCO3 content, exchangeable Mn fraction, pH, organic matter (OM), soil texture, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Results indicated that low CaCO3 content and alkaline soil pH enhanced Mn uptake, while clay loam texture and low OM limited Mn bioavailability, hindering its uptake by plants. This comprehensive investigation into Mn uptake and the identification of suitable plants for phytoremediation in the Abadeh-Tashk region offered valuable insights into the capabilities of hyperaccumulators in mitigating soil metal contamination. The study not only contributed to the understanding of environmental science but also provided promising solutions for soil restoration projects on a global scale.
Category-Level 6D Pose Estimation Based on Deep Cross-Modal Feature Fusion
Authors: Tang Chunhui , Zhang Mingyang , Zhao Yi , Shan Shouxue
Published: December 2024

Category-level 6D pose estimation methods aim to predict the rotation, translation, and size of unseen objects in a given category. RGB-D based dense correspondence methods have achieved leading performance. However, due to the differences in textures and shapes of the objects within a category, the object masks acquired by previous instance segmentation methods may be defective, resulting in inaccurate object point clouds acquired by depth map back-projection and RGB image patches acquired by cropping. Existing fusion methods that directly stitch RGB and geometric features cannot obtain accurate fused features. To solve these problems, we propose a new data processing method to improve the accuracy of the input data. The object position information provided by the object detection algorithm is fused with the image embedding information extracted through the vision transformer to obtain an accurate object mask. In addition, we introduce a new implicit fusion strategy that employs a cross-attention mechanism to align two different semantic features and subsequently reason about the fused features of the two different input data through a transformer-based architecture. We demonstrate the approach’s effectiveness by conducting experiments on two publicly available datasets, REAL275 and CAMERA275.
Etiology, Clinical Profile, and Demographics of Hemophilia B in Eastern India
Authors: hemaliya Chanda , Meena Prof. Lalit Prashant , Singh Arun Kumar , kumar Ajeet , Ali Akhtar , Howlader Avijit , Aich anupam , Kumar Prof. Sandip , Gupta Prof. Vineeta , Kumar Ishan
Published: December 2024

Background: The most common severe inherited hemorrhagic disease is hemophilia, which means "love of blood." Deficiencies in Factors VIII and IX cause hemophilia, with inadequate levels or malfunctioning of these factors being the primary causes of hemophilia A and B, respectively. This study aims to assess the incidence and characteristics of inherited coagulation disorders, particularly hemophilia B.
Objective: The present investigation aims to evaluate the incidence and clinical traits of congenital anticoagulation diseases, specifically hemophilia B.
Method: The study included 98 Hemophilia B patients with a mean age of 25. Medical histories were recorded using a predesigned Performa, covering age, gender, bleeding site, and family history.
Result: The study included 98 hemophilia B patients, with 39 having severe and 59 moderate forms. The majority (60.2%) had moderate hemophilia, while 39.7% had the severe type. Most patients (17.4 ± 10.5 years) were aged 21-30, with the mean age of onset being 17.4±10.5 years for severe hemophilia and 8.6±4.43 years for moderate cases. Knee joints were the most affected, found in 79.5% of cases and accounting for 98.9% of target joint infections, followed by elbow joints at 90.8%. Regular factor IX replacement was needed in 39.7% of severe cases. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for managing joint-related complications in hemophilia B patients.
Conclusion: The current study examines hemophilia B's sociodemographic and clinic-pathological characteristics. Early diagnosis may be beneficial only when the spectral manifestation of hemophilia B in the community is known.
PERAN GENERASI MUDA SEBAGAI FASILITATOR DALAM PENGGUNAAN DOMPET DIGITAL
Authors: Mufarroh Rahmanisa
Published: December 2024

The rapid technological advancements in the globalization era have significantly influenced various aspects of human life, including economic transactions. The adoption of digital wallets has transformed traditional cash-based transactions into more efficient and secure digital payment methods. This study explores the role of youth as facilitators in promoting the use of digital wallets, which are increasingly integral to Indonesia's digital economy. Youth, as active users and contributors to technological advancements, play a vital role in educating and guiding older generations in the adoption of these tools. The study uses a literature review approach to analyze the impact of digital wallets on Indonesia's economic landscape. Findings highlight that digital wallets offer numerous benefits, such as transaction efficiency, enhanced security, and ease of financial management. Factors driving the shift to digital payments include globalization, technological advancements, and external events like the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated digital adoption. Digital wallets contribute to reducing cash circulation, controlling inflation, and fostering economic resilience through cost-effective financial operations and support for small businesses via QRIS integration. Youth act as enablers of this transition by leveraging their technological fluency to facilitate older generations’ adaptation to digital tools. Furthermore, the involvement of youth in entrepreneurial activities utilizing digital platforms strengthens economic growth and positions Indonesia competitively in the global digital economy. This study underscores the importance of intergenerational collaboration and the strategic role of youth in accelerating digital transformation and fostering sustainable economic development in Indonesia.
THE ROLE OF E-COMMERCE IN EQUITABLE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan , Sadali Ayatullah , Rahmawati Ferida , Andrean Rizky
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of online trading or e-commerce has become a new phenomenon in the Indonesian economy. This fact has not been proven to impact the welfare of digital economic equality in Indonesia positively. This study intends to explain the role of e-commerce in the distribution of the digital economy in Indonesia. This study uses a systematic literature review method. The data sources for this research come from books, journals, and other literature related to the role of e-commerce in the distribution of the digital economy in Indonesia. The findings in this literature review conclude that, ideally, high e-commerce transactions can benefit the realization of economic equality in Indonesia. This fact can be found in the e-commerce business, which has embraced local economic sectors such as agriculture, plantations, fisheries, and even MSMEs in all regions by playing an active role in this digital-based trade. Technology has been proven to break the long chain in the distribution process. Business actors in rural areas and regional MSMEs can be essential if they can make friends with technological sophistication. Local business actors can increase their productivity and welfare. Support from the Indonesian government is urgently needed to build infrastructure to realize trade through digital media in villages and remote areas. Another tough challenge is ensuring the e-commerce business is fully secure to gain the public’s trust.
How real is the situation with greenhouse effect?
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Silow Eugene
Published: December 2024

This research examines the historical and evolving understanding of the greenhouse effect
and climate change. The first part provides a historical overview, tracing the study of the phenomenon
over the past 200 years, analyzing patterns of CO2 levels and temperature fluctuations throughout
geological time. Hypotheses and theories regarding past climate shifts are also considered. The second
part analyzes late 20 th and early 21 st-century research, noting the ambiguities and inconsistencies
in current theories and conclusions. The study concludes by emphasizing the complexity of the issue
and the need for continued, comprehensive research to avoid misinterpretations and flawed policy
decisions. The conclusion underscores the critical importance of continued research, emphasizing the
need to avoid hasty conclusions and erroneous decisions regarding the complex problem of climate
change.
I. Evaluating the public health impacts of traffic noise in Sevastopol’s residential areas
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Azarenko Elena , Osadchaya Lilia ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: December 2024

The combined effects of gas pollution, dustiness and noise increase the level of health risk for the population living in the areas affected by Sevastopol’s transport arteries. When developing measures to ensure environmental safety of urban areas, these negative factors should be considered. To fill the gap in research on the levels of risk to the population from the impact of transport noise in Sevastopol, the study aims to assess the risk of developing various types of health disorders associated with acoustic pollution of residential areas, taking into account its daily dynamics, for information support of risk management. To achieve the purpose, the study analyzed the transport infrastructure of Sevastopol, the composition of traffic flows and traffic intensity on two sections of congested city highways. The main characteristics of noise pollution were determined. This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess health risks associated with traffic noise. Relative risk calculations indicated no increased risk of cardiovascular disease from the expected noise exposure. However, a moderate risk of nervous system disorders was identified among older residents (60-80 years) with 2.5 years or more of chronic exposure to traffic noise in the studied areas.
Creating a repository of archival of documents on the sanitary and epidemiological situation in Kaluga region contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident (1987-1994)
Authors:   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apanasyuk Oleg , Skorobogatov Anatoly ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The study is relevant due to the need to preserve unique experience of the emergency response to the Chernobyl accident and ensure radiation safety of the population living in radioactively contaminated areas. The study of the impact of consequences of the Chernobyl accident on the health of people living in the areas of radioactive contamination aims to assess the effectiveness of measures to protect the inhabitants of the areas contaminated with radionuclides. The study uses archival information on the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident which is available on electronic resources. The study aims to create an electronic archive of documents on the sanitary and epidemiological condition in Kaluga region radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Information collected from scientific publications is presented. The documents on medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident for the population of Kaluga region derived from the State Archive of Kaluga region are studied.

Results. The study analyzed documents from the State Archive of Kaluga region (GAKO): R-2275 “Federal State healthcare institution “Center for hygiene and epidemiology of Kaluga region”; R-3237 “Department of health and drug supply of Kaluga region”. A repository of archival documents containing information on the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the territories of the Kaluga region radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident (for the period of 1987-1994) has been created.

Conclusion. Relying on the documents from the R-2275 and R-3237 funds, a repository containing data on the medical consequences for the population of Kaluga region living in radioactively contaminated areas was created (1987-1994). The repository contains the following information: laboratory data from food laboratory studies (including data on the maximum levels of cesium-137 contamination in food); information on the medical examination of the child population and women; data on specialized medical and dosimetric examinations of children and adolescents of the districts of Kaluga region most affected by the Chernobyl accident. The collected information may be used in the analysis of the key trends in the natural movement of the population and the dynamics of morbidity in the districts of Kaluga region most affected by the Chernobyl accident, in order to identify possible changes associated with radioactive contamination of the territories.
SÖZ DİZİMİ AÇISINDAN ChatGPT’nin TÜRKÇESİNE BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: Coşar Asiye Mevhibe
Published: December 2024

Kasım 2022’de ChatGPT-3 ve 14 Mart 2023 tarihinde serinin dördüncü versiyonu CahtGPT-4, geliştiricisi Open-AI tarafından yayınlanmıştır. Dil zekâsı kazandırılan yapay zekâ, ChatGPT ve benzerleri, Türkçe yazarken Türkçe veri tabanından hareket etmekte; Türkçe metinleri kıvrak söz diziminin olanaklarıyla yeniden üretmektedir. Bu çalışmada farklı zamanlarda her iki sohbet robotuna yazdırılan metinler, söz varlığı ve söz dizimi açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. ChatGPT-3, dil içine doğan bir anadili konuşucusu gibi dilin olanaklarını kullanırken yazım ve noktalama, tekrar ifadelerle kısmen kusurludur. 7-8 ay ara ile aynı konuda tekrar yazdığı metinlerin daha doğru olması, öğrenebilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Eğitim süreci ile geliştirilen ChatGPT-4 ise GPT-3’e nispetle incelenen örneklere göre nadiren yazım ve noktalama hatası yapmakta, bağlama uygun zengin bir söz varlığı, kıvrak bir söz dizimi ve sanatlı söyleyişlere yer vermektedir. Söz diziminin iki, üç ve dört ögeli diziliş örneklerini ön görülen sınırlı metin içinde üretmekte; basit, sıralı, bağlı ve birleşik cümleler olmak üzere hemen tüm cümle türlerini kurabilmektedir.
19. Asrın Ortalarında Halep-Musul-Bağdat Hattında Aneze Ve Şammar Aşiretlerinin Mücadelesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Benzer Zafer
Published: December 2024

Osmanlı Devleti, son dönemlerinde Anadolu topraklarının güneydoğusu ile Irak ve Suriye’de Arap aşiretlerinin çekişme ve şekavetleriyle meşgul olmak zorunda kalmıştır. Bu aşiretlerin başında kalabalık nüfuslu ve bedevi yaşam tarzları sebebiyle sürekli hareket halinde olan Aneze ve Şammar aşiretleri yer almıştır. Bu aşiretler 19. asır boyunca Halep, Musul, Şam, Bağdat hattından Fırat Nehri kıyılarına kadar yayılmış ve bunlar arasında güç mücadeleleri meydana gelmiştir. Hakimiyet kurma ve nüfuz alanlarını genişletme çabasından kaynaklı bu mücadeleler zaman zaman çatışmaya dönüşmüştür. Bu çatışmaların yaşandığı dönemlerden biri de 1850-1860 seneleri arasıdır. Hatta 1857 sonu ve 1858 başlarında bu iki aşiret birbirileriyle savaşır duruma gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, 19. asrın ortalarında bu iki aşiret arasında yaşanan güç mücadelesinin neden ve sonuçlarıyla bölgeye etkilerini ortaya koyabilmektir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, meydana gelen çatışmaların daha çok Şammar Aşireti’nden kaynaklandığı, ortaya çıkan muharebedeyse Anezelilerin üstün geldiği belirlenmiştir. Muharebe sonrası Aneze Aşireti’nin etki alanını daha da genişlettiği fakat bazı asayişsizliklere de yol açtığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel kaynakları arasında başta Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi’ndeki konuyla ilgili arşiv vesikaları olmak üzere çeşitli telif ve tetkik eserler yer almaktadır.
Some legislative amendments of the Draft CC of Ukraine in comparison with the current CC of Ukraine
Authors: Myroshnychenko Nataliya Anatoliivna , Stepanenko Oksana Vasylivna
Published: December 2024

The article considers a range of important novels, provided for by the Draft Criminal Code of Ukraine (CC), which are offered in substitution to the provisions of current CC. The authors analyze the concept of the grounds for criminal liability, emphasizing precise definitions of the elements and features of the corpus delicti, which play a key role in the criminal offences’ qualification. Special consideration is given to the institute of accompliceship. The draft also provides for the introduction of the intermediate perpetrator as a separate category, who is not an accomplice, as well as extension of provisions on accompliceship with a special subject. The exclusion of the concept of “public danger” from the definition of a criminal offence, leaving only the feature of “criminal illegality”, is also considered. The authors support this amendment and note that “public danger” may be taken into account during the criminalization and decriminalization of acts. The system of criminal legal remedies is particularly considered. The Draft CC retains such types of punishment as community service, fine, restriction of liberty, fixed term or life imprisonment, and excludes arrest, forfeiture of property and correctional labour. The authors of the draft consider probation supervision as a social and educational measure and a means of supervision, but not the type of punishment, since it applies during or immediately after the completion of the basic punishment. The draft also excludes revocation of a military or special titles or qualification class from the punishment system and determines it as a disciplinary measure. The importance of the introduction of standardized sanctions which will correspond to the gravity of the offence and will be prescribed by the General Part of the CC and, simultaneously, will remain in the Special Part for the convenience of practical application, is also noted. Particular attention is paid to safety measures, inter alia compulsory psychiatric assistance, provided to persons who have committed acts in a state of insanity or partial insanity. Such assistance may be outpatient or in-patient, and its duration depends on the treatment results.
The state of the investigation of criminal liability for ecocide
Authors: Elizbarian Ilona Armenakivna
Published: December 2024

The article provides a detailed analysis of research on criminal liability for ecocide, which is one of the most pressing problems of criminal law. The author investigated various approaches to the concept of "ecocide", analyzing its legal nature and considering current legislative initiatives aimed at integrating this concept into national and international legal systems. Particular attention is paid to issues related to the criminalization of ecocide in the context of military conflicts, which is complicated by the need to take into account both the right to conduct hostilities and international obligations to protect the environment. The article also analyzes modern discussions related to the effectiveness of international mechanisms for monitoring environmental safety and bringing to justice persons guilty of causing significant damage to ecosystems. The study is aimed at a deeper understanding of ecocide as a criminal offense and offers directions for improving the legal framework in order to ensure reliable protection of the natural environment at the international level.
The research is aimed at identifying the main trends and gaps in the legislation, evaluating the effectiveness of the existing mechanisms of legal regulation, as well as forming recommendations for improving the legal framework to ensure adequate protection of ecosystems from mass destruction and damage. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the practice of bringing criminal responsibility for ecocide, the application of criminal responsibility for ecocide, the determination of problematic aspects and the effectiveness of law enforcement activities in this area. The study also considers the role of international organizations and agreements in the formation of generally accepted standards of environmental protection and the possibility of their implementation in national legal systems, taking into account modern environmental challenges and threats.
Penal idea of probation supervision
Authors: Vorozhbit-Gorbatyuk Viktoriia Viktorivna
Published: December 2024

In the article, the author emphasizes that the type of punishment for a crime, probation supervision, has a distinct socio-humanitarian, educational, and resocializing focus. The research methodology included: an integrated approach to the critical analysis of information in the open space; complementarity in the sense of complementarity for the sustainability of the system under study in open dynamic relations of human rights observance in the execution of sentences and treatment of convicts in Ukraine in the realities of martial law and at the stage of Ukraine's recovery when processing regulations and court decisions using the intellectual search system ZakonOn-line, a systematic approach to the analysis of scientific and technical materials. The author identifies the conditions for individualization of crime prevention measures to ensure the effectiveness of probation programs: reliance on analytics; unambiguous understanding of terms; strategic relevance; systemic nature of preventive tools and resources for probation supervision, which provides for an internal quality system. These conditions include monitoring, quality assessment, accountability and training of probation staff and volunteers, ecology of relations at the social, corporate, and individual levels, program development taking into account the scope of probation supervision, understanding of opportunities and vulnerabilities, and understanding of the operational environment. The results of the empirical research made it possible to define complementarity as the basis for the conceptualization of probation supervision through the humanization of the system of execution of criminal sentences, management and procedures for saving money, and ensuring public safety. The author specifies the perspective: diversification of elements of probation supervision with the aim of reducing the risks of a formal approach in individualizing the impact on the correction of convicts, preventing them from committing repeated criminal offenses.
The problem of Ukraine's readiness to implement the concept of the cultural direction of road safety
Authors: Golina Volodymyr Vasylovych
Published: December 2024

The article examines the fundamental problem of our time - improving road safety. Foreign practice in this area shows that achieving the goal of the Swedish prevention model Vision Zero - a gradual reduction, and by 2050, the complete elimination of road accidents with serious consequences - is possible, provided, among other things, that the country, its authorities, business, and citizens are ready to take a full, real interest and responsibility in the implementation of the national Concept for the Prevention of Road Traffic Offenses. The history of implementation of conceptual approaches of different orientations in Ukraine and their incorporation into successive strategies and state programs over the past 15-20 years shows that none of them has been fully implemented. In this regard, the article examines such signs of readiness for implementation as the possibility and ability to implement a complex integrated concept of the cultural direction of transport offenses prevention. The study confirms that at this historical period, Ukraine is not ready for its full and, most importantly, effective implementation. It takes time and resources. Proposals are made regarding the prospects for overcoming these urgent difficulties in the post-war period. Ukraine is capable of solving this problem in its resource context.
Systematisation of criminal law measures in the Draft Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: Musychenko Olha Mykhailivna
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the criminal legal measures reflected in the Draft Criminal Code of Ukraine through the prism of a taxonomic approach. The author concludes that the criminal legal measures provided in the draft are coherent and clear, achieved by a peculiar legal technique. The authors of the draft took into account the proposals of scholars and practitioners to expand the areas of criminal law influence, which made it possible to build a logical and well-thought-out system of criminal law measures. The author of this paper considers the understanding of criminal liability in the draft as a supra-specific category that covers certain types of criminal law measures to be successful and also considers it an appropriate and necessary step to define such types of criminal law measures as restitution and Compensation in the draft. At the same time, the author points out certain shortcomings, in particular, the term used to refer to the central element of the system - remedy; the absence in the draft CC of Ukraine of the essential features of certain types of criminal legal measures and the purposes of the types of criminal legal measures identified by the members of the Working Group. The article concludes that, along with the predicate approach, consideration of the relational dimension, which requires the identification of taxonomic attributes which recognise the essential features of a particular type of legal measure, is a necessary step in further improving the systematisation of criminal legal measures in the draft CC of Ukraine. Therefore, eliminating the relevant shortcomings could become the basis for improving the systematisation of criminal legal measures.
ECtHR judgment in Medvid v. Ukraine in the context of life imprisonment reform
Authors: Karachevska Hanna Romanivna
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Medvid v. Ukraine. In this judgment, the ECtHR assessed the mechanism for reviewing life imprisonment introduced in Ukraine.The author examines the reform of life imprisonment in Ukraine, the mechanism for commutation of life imprisonment and parole of this sentence both introduced in 2022, as well as an assessment of the reform by scholars, human rights organizations, and international institutions.The author highlights the ECHR case law establishing the conditions for reviewing life sentences: transparency, predictability, and efficiency. The author analyzes the arguments of the applicant and the Government in the case of Medvid v. Ukraine regarding the compliance of Ukrainian legislation with these conditions and Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It is stated that the ECtHR has recognized the new mechanism for reviewing life imprisonment as providing a realistic possibility of release. The author highlights the key arguments of the Court in favour of this decision: clear time limits for reducing the sentence, objective assessment criteria, judicial review of decisions made by the prison administration, and the possibility of further rehabilitation. At the same time, the author notes the problem of a long period of uncertainty before the final implementation of the mechanism, which constitutes a violation of Article 3 of the ECHR.The author also notes the impact of this decision on further legal regulation and law enforcement practice in terms of life imprisonment review.
The Practicality of Interactive Multimedia Based on Scientific Approach in Pascal's Law Material for High School Students
Authors: Fitriyana Fitriyana , Pradananta Hidayat , Salmah Ummi , Supriana Edi
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine the practicality of interactive multimedia based on a scientific approach to the learning process of Pascal's Law for high school students. This study used a questionnaire instrument consisting of five items, namely (1) media attractiveness and accessibility, (2) media structure and understanding, (3) training and concept mastery, (4) additional aspects, and (5) the impact of using multimedia. The subjects of this study involved physics teachers and 11th-grade MIPA students at Ar Rohmah IIBS Malang High School. The sampling technique in this study was convenience sampling. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative methods with descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the study results, the percentage of multimedia practicality assessed by teachers reached 85%, while those assessed by students reached 96%. Based on these percentage values, this interactive multimedia based on a scientific approach to the learning process of Pascal's Law for high school students is classified as practical and can be further tested for effectiveness.
Grafik Tasarımda Çocukla İş Birliği Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Aktürk Pembe
Published: December 2024

Çağdaş yaşamda grafik tasarım, bizi çevreleyen, karar mekanizmamızı etkileyen ve yaşamımızı şekillendiren önemli faktörlerdendir. İnsanın var olma, öğrenme, tüketme eylemlerini şekillendirme gücü olan tasarımı, toplumun geleceği olan çocuklara anlatmak ve sağlıklı bir gelecek inşası için onları tasarıma dahil etmek önemlidir. Araştırmada grafik tasarımda çocukla iş birliği yapmanın önemi vurgulanmakta, çocukla iş birliği içinde yürütülen grafik tasarım projelerinden örnekler incelenmektedir. Grafik tasarım projelerinde çocuğun tasarıma dahil edilmesi ile grafik anlam ve anlamlandırmayı, görsel iletişimin gücünü ve toplumlar üzerindeki aktif rolünü öğrenmesini sağlamaktadır. Geleceğin tasarımcılarının, geçmişin ve şimdinin tasarımcılarıyla tanışması-tanıştırılması ve onlarla iş birliği içinde tasarımlar yapılmasının her iki tarafa da pozitif yansıyacağı açıktır. Çalışmada “çocuğun grafik tasarım uygulamalarında tasarımcı ile iş birliği içinde çalışması, yaratıcı çözümler geliştirmeye katkı sağlar mı?” problem cümlesine cevaplar aranmaktadır.
Effect of Supercritical Extracts of Brown Algae on Fish Preserves
Authors: Tabakaeva Oksana , Tabakaev Anton , Prikhodko Yury , Vladykina Tat'yana , Kapusta Svetlana
Published: December 2024

Natural preservatives make it possible to maintain the quality and safety of fish products, which makes this matter a relevant and promising research area. This article describes the effect of supercritical extracts of marine brown algae Undaria pinnatifida and Ascophyllum nodosum on the quality and safety of fish preserves from Pacific herring in oil and mayonnaise.
The experimental samples contained 3% of supercritical extracts of brown algae in the fillings. The samples were stored at 0–5℃ for six months. The authors used standard research methods to study the microbiological, sensory, and physicochemical variables. The safety indicators were established by standard methods in the accredited test center of the Far Eastern Federal University. The acid number was determined by neutralizing free fatty acids with an alcohol solution of sodium hydroxide while the peroxide number was determined by the titrimetric method. The sensory profile included appearance, consistency, color, smell, taste, and the general state of the filling, which were assessed on a five-point scale.
The supercritical extracts of brown algae affected the development of microorganisms in both kinds of preserves during storage. The QMAFAnM in the test samples approached that in the control during 6 months of storage, which indicated an opportunity to extend the shelf life of the experimental samples by two months. The experimental samples had lower peroxide and acid numbers, as well as better sensory indicators.
In this research, supercritical extracts of U. pinnatifida and A. nodosum improved the quality and safety status of oil and mayonnaise herring preserves. The extracts reduced the accumulation of QMAFAnM and microscopic fungi while slowing down lipid oxidation and hydrolysis.
From the Editors
Authors: Zitser Ernest , Collis Robert
Published: December 2024

Editorial to volume 12 (2024) of Vivliofika.
Vivliofika and the World 2024
Authors: Marker Gary
Published: December 2024

Against the backdrop of the war in Ukraine the field of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies is in something akin to crisis mode, which has produced deep and thought-provoking reflections on how or whether the field needs to be reconceptualized (or “decolonized” as some have framed it). This essay examines the nature of ourown journal, Вивлиофика, and its modest renaming, against the backdrop of this current rethinking. Itdiscusses these issues, first, by looking to its historical inspiration, N. I. Novikov’s, Древниая Российская Вивлиофика, in an effort to clarify Novikov’s own agenda(s) in producing it. The essay returns to the present,identifying various approaches current within empire studies that could embrace this decentering within an umbrella notion of “imperial spaces.”