bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase composition and concentration of yttriumin films during the deposition of aluminumand aluminum alloys from the gas phase
Authors: Snitovsky Yury P.
Published: January 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the stabilizing effect of yttrium additions during the deposition of thin aluminum films, which are used for the manufacture of elements of micro- and nanoelectronic devices. The surfaces of Al films doped with aluminum oxide were investigated using a scanning electron microscope before and after annealing for 300420 s at a temperature of 500 C. It is shown that fine alumina particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the films during thermal evaporation of a wire made of an Al Al2O3 alloy. By the method of quantitative metallography, the content of the AlxOy phase in the Al films was determined: when spraying wire from the Al Al2O3 alloy, its content was 1012% of the mass fraction; when spraying wire made of Al Al2O3 alloy and Al wire in a ratio of 50:50 1% mass fraction.
Web-tool for managing a set of testswith synchronization with moodle
Authors: Shergin Sergey N. , Denisov Nikita V. , Luka Viktor V.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses a web application for creating, managing and structuring the bank (set) of tests.

In the course of the work, a structured database was proposed, and the web application was optimized.

The main goal is to take as a basis the current module for managing and creating a bank of test tasks of the moodle system and optimize it.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Gaharu (Grynops versteegii) terhadap Stres Transportasi pada Broiler Jantan
Authors: Suryadi Ujang , Prasetyo Anang Febri , Kustiawan Erfan , Khisan Urfa Khoirotun
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun Gaharu (Grynops verstegii) sebelum transportasi terhadap stres transportasi dan penyusutan bobot badan pada broiler jantan. Materi yang digunakan sebagai sampel yaitu 60 ekor dari 200 ekor broiler jantan yang dipelihara, dan ekstrak daun Gaharu dari hasil destilasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan uji lanjut Duncan’s. Broiler jantan yang digunakan dalam penelitian terbagi menjadi 4 perlakuan level pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu yang berbeda. Pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu berdasarkan pada bobot badan (BB) broiler, yaitu P0 (tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu sebagai kontrol ), P1 (250 mg/kg BB), P2 (300 mg/kg BB), P3 (350 mg/kg BB), setiap perlakuan memiliki lima ulangan dan setiap ulangan menggunakan 3 ekor. Parameter yang diamati adalah penyusutan bobot badan, frekuensi denyut jantung, suhu tubuh, dan frekuensi Pernafasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun Gaharu (Grynops verstegii) tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap persentase susut bobot badan broiler, frekuensi denyut jantung, suhu tubuh dan frekuensi pernafasan. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun Gaharu sebelum transportasi pada broiler tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan stres setelah transportasi hal ini ditunjukkan oleh perubahan suhu tubuh, frekuensi pernafasan, peningkatan denyut jantung dan penyusutan bobot badan yang tidak berbeda nyata (P0.05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol.  (The effect of agarwood leaf extract (Grynops versteegii) on transport stress in male broilers) ABSTRAK. This study aims to determine the effect of adding agarwood leaf extract a source of antioxidants before transportation on body weight loss and the physiological conditions of broilers. The materials used were 60 male broilers as samples and agarwood leaf extract obtained through the extraction process using the distillation method. This study used experimental methods with a completely randomized design (CRD) with Duncan's test. The broilers used in the study consisted of 4 treatment groups with different levels of Gaharu leaf extract, they were P0 (control), P1 (250 mg/kg body weight, P2 (300 mg/kg body weight), P3 (350 mg/kg body weight), each treatment was repeated five times and each repetition used 3 individuals. The parameters observed were weight loss, heart rate frequency, increase in body temperature, and respiratory rate. The results showed that the addition of agarwood leaf extract (Grynops verstegii) had no significant effect (P 0.05) on the percentage of broiler body weight loss, heart rate frequency, increased body temperature and respiratory frequency. It was concluded that the addition of agarwood leaf extract before transportation could not reduce body weight loss and the physiological conditions of broilers.
Efek Penambahan Ruminer dalam Ransum Sapi Perah terhadap Produksi 4% FCM dan Nutrien Susu
Authors: Tanuwiria Ujang Hidayat , Hidayat Rahmat , Christi Raden Febrianto , Rizki Andhika M
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. Sapi perah yang berproduksi tinggi membutuhkan ransum berenergi tinggi dan asam lemak esensial. Penambahan lemak dalam ransum dapat mengatasi kekurangan energi dan asam lemak esensial. Permasalahan umum dari pemberian lemak atau minyak pada dosis tertentu dapat mengganggu ekosistem rumen, sehingga dalam pemberiannya perlu diproteksi. Ruminer adalah suplemen komersial berupa minyak sawit yang diproteksi mineral kalsium. Penelitian ditujukan untuk mengetahui penambahan ruminer dalam ransum lengkap terhadap produksi susu 4% FCM dan produksi nutrien susu sapi perah. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap 10 ekor sapi perah Friesian Holstein pada masa laktasi sama. Sapi tersebut dibagi dua, masing-masing lima ekor. Perlakuan berupa ransum tanpa ditambah ruminer (P0) dan ransum ditambah 250 gram ruminer.ekor-1.hari-1 (P1). Peubah yang diamati adalah produksi susu 4% FCM diukur setiap hari selama 60 hari dan kualitas susu diukur setiap 10 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi susu 4% FCM, produksi total padatan, lemak, protein dan laktosa susu pada sapi diberi ruminer lebih tinggi (P0,05) daripada sapi yang tidak diberi ruminer. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ruminer meningkatkan produksi susu 4% FCM, total padatan, lemak, protein dan laktosa susu. Pemberian ruminer sebanyak 250 gram.ekor-1hari-1 mampu meningkatkan 2 kg produksi susu 4% FCM pada sapi perah laktasi. (Effects of ruminer addition in dairy cattle rations on milk 4% FCM and nutrient production) ABSTRAK. High-yielding dairy cows require high-energy rations and essential fatty acids. The addition of fat in the ration can overcome the lack of energy and essential fatty acids. The general problem of giving fat or oil at certain doses can disrupt the rumen ecosystem, so that it needs to be protected. Ruminer is a commercial supplement in the form of calcium mineral protected palm oil. This research was aimed to determine the addition of ruminants in complete rations on the production of 4% FCM milk and the nutrient production of dairy cow milk. The research was carried out experimentally on 10 dairy cows during the same lactation period. The cow is divided into two, five each. The treatments were rations without adding ruminer (P0) and rations added by 250 grams of ruminer. head-1 day-1 (P1). The variables observed were 4% FCM milk production measured every day for 60 days and milk quality was measured every 10 days. The results showed that the production of 4% FCM milk, the total production of solids, fat, protein and milk lactose in cows fed with ruminer was higher (P 0.05) than cows that were not given ruminer. It was concluded that the provision of ruminer increased milk production by 4% FCM, total solids, fat, protein and milk lactose. Giving a ruminer of 250 grams of head-1.day-1 was able to increase 2 kg of 4% FCM milk production in lactating dairy cows.
Evaluasi Status Reproduksi Sapi Hasil Persilangan Peranakan Ongole dengan Bali
Authors: Efendy Jauhari , Prihandini Peni Wahyu , Sulistya Tri Agus , Primasari Almira
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui status reproduksi hasil persilangan sapi peranakan ongole (PO) dan sapi bali (yang selanjutnya dinamakan sapi POBA) jantan dan betina melalui beberapa kegiatan lapang. Penelitian ini bersifat non eksperimental yang dilakukan secara eksploratif; menggunakan 20 ekor sapi berumur antara 32 sampai 36 bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kualitas semen, kondisi organ reproduksi sapi betina dan angka kebuntingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kualitas semen sapi POBA rendah atau jelek berdasarkan hasil analisis secara mikroskopis maupun makroskopis; namun memiliki libido yang cukup tinggi yaitu rata-rata sekitar 4 menit 25 detik dari mulai mengendus atau didekatkan dengan ternak pemancing (teaser) sampai ejakulasi. Secara umum kondisi organ reproduksi sapi POBA betina normal, sehingga siap dijadikan indukan yang produktif. Sebanyak 66,67% menunjukkan perilaku estrus yang tampak terutama keluar lendir yang terlihat jelas menggantung di bibir vagina bahkan diantaranya mengejar dan/atau menaiki sapi-sapi lain. Namun hasil pemeriksaan kebuntingan (PKB) melalui palpasi rektal menunjukkan tidak ada sapi betina yang bunting. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sapi POBA jantan infertil, yang diindikasikan melalui hasil pemeriksaan semen dan tidak adanya sapi betina yang berhasil bunting melalui perkawinan alam selama 3 (tiga) bulan. Sedangkan sapi betina POBA memiliki organ reproduksi normal serta menunjukkan ekspresi estrus yang baik.  (The evaluation of cattle reproduction status between crosses Ongole Crossbreed with Bali cows) ABSTRAK. The purpose of this research was to determine the reproductive status of the crossbred PO and Bali cattle (hereinafter referred to as POBA cattle) through several field activities. This research is non-experimental and carried out exploratory using 20 cattle aged 32 to 36 months. Parameters observed included semen quality, cows' reproductive organ condition, and pregnancy rate. The quality of POBA bulls semen was low or bad as indicated by the results of microscopic and macroscopic analysis; but had pretty high libido, which was an average of about 4 minutes and 25 seconds, starting to sniff or being brought near to teaser until ejaculation. In general, the reproductive organs of POBA cows were normal so that they were ready to become productive sires. As many as 66.67% showed estrus behavior, especially visible mucus that was hanging on the lips of the vagina, even among them chasing and/or riding other cattle. However, the results of pregnancy examination through rectal palpation showed that there were no pregnant cows. It can be concluded that POBA bulls are infertile, which was indicated by the results of semen examination and the absence of successfully conceived cows through natural mating for 3 (three) months. Meanwhile, POBA cows have normal reproductive organs and show good estrus expression.
Yunus Emre’nin Kurmacasından Tasavvufun Kuramsalına: Risâletü’n-Nushiyye’de Mekân Algısı
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Alper
Published: January 2022

Risâletü’n-Nushiyye, Anadolu sahası divan edebiyatının ilk mesnevilerindendir. 600 beyitten oluşan eser 1307 yılında yazılmıştır. Risâletü’n-Nushiyye, akademik araştırmacılar tarafından daha çok bir nasihatnâme olarak değerlendirilmekte, didaktik ve ahlaki yönleri öne çıkarılmaktadır. Eserin edebî kıymeti üzerinde sıklıkla durulmasına rağmen felsefî ve sosyolojik yönlerine pek değinilmemektedir. Bu çalışmada Yunus Emre’nin mekân kavramını nasıl ele aldığı ortaya konulacaktır. Şairin, mekânı nasıl algıladığı ve bu algıyı hangi anlatım teknikleri üzerinden verdiği açıklanacaktır. Şair, mekân ve insan arasında geniş çaplı bir benzetme ilişkisi kurar. Eserin büyük kısmında kullanılan bu mekân istiaresinin anlaşılması hem şairin mekân algısının ortaya konulmasına katkı sağlayacak hem de eserin daha iyi anlaşılmasını temin edecektir. Metinde mekân ile alakalı olarak ev, vilâyet, şehir, el, mülk, diyar, dünya, cihân ve âlem kelimeleri geçmektedir. Metinde mekânsal göndermelerin en başında şehir lafzı gelmektedir. Şair, etrafı surlarla çevrili ve bir sultan tarafından yönetilen bir şehir tasvir eder. Şair, mekânı yalnızca fiziksel olarak ele almaz. Aslında şair, fiziksel mekâna karşı meta-fiziksel mekânı önceleyen bir bakış açısına sahiptir. Mekân aidiyeti, mekân-kimlik ilişkisi, mekânın tarihi, mekânın üretimi vb. konuları kuramsal olarak inceleyen pek çok bilim dalı vardır. Felsefe, sosyoloji, psikoloji, tarih vb. disiplinlerce insan-mekân ilişkisini inceleyen bilimsel yaklaşımların oluşturduğu literatüre mutasavvıf bir şairin mekân algısının eklenmesi bu sahadaki araştırmalara oldukça önemli bir katkı sağlayacaktır.
Risâletü’n-Nushiyye’de Önvarsayım Tetikleyicilerinin Çözümlemesi
Authors: KARAOĞLU Serdar
Published: January 2022

İletişim bireyler ve toplumlar arasında uzlaşımsal olarak varlığı doğrulanan ya da doğruluğuna inanılan bilgi(ler)den hareketle sağlanır. Bireyin / toplumun bilgi ve kültürel değerleri iletişim vasıtasıyla anlam kazanır. Bu anlamlandırma, dilin sözlüksel ve yapısal bileşenlerinin kullanımıyla ilgilidir. “Dilde en az çaba yasası”na uygun olarak ve konuşucu / yazar ve dinleyici / okur arasındaki iletişimin sürdürülmesi için iletişimde önvarsayımlar baş gösterir. Konuşucunun / yazarın, edindiği bilgiyi / düşünceyi dinleyiciye / okura aktarabilmesi adına önvarsayımlar önem arz eder. Bu doğrultuda, eldeki çalışmada fikrî düşüncenin muhataba aktarımında rol oynayan önvarsayım konu edilmektedir. Çalışmada nasihatnâme türü eserlerden biri olan Risâletü’n-Nushiyye örnekleminde önvarsayım tetikleyicileri ele alınmaktadır. Risâletü’n-Nushiyye, giriş bölümüyle birlikte altı bölümden oluşan alegorik bir eserdir. Çalışma giriş bölümü ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmada betimsel ve niceliksel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu bölüm Yule’nin (1996) önvarsayım sınıflandırması doğrultusunda betimlenerek bulgular nicel olarak gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda Risâletü’n-Nushiyye’nin giriş bölümünde varoluşsal, sözlüksel, olgusal, ve yapısal önvarsayımın yer aldığı, karşı olgusal ve olgusal olmayan önvarsayımın ise yer almadığı görülmüştür. Bu durumun eserde vurgulanan konu ve önvarsayım tetikleyicileri arasındaki ilişkiden kaynaklandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Giriş bölümünde karşı olgusal ve olgusal olmayan önvarsayım tetikleyicisine yer verilmemesi Allah’ın sıfatları, Hz. Âdem’in yaratılışı, akıl, iman, cennet, cehennem, toprak, su, hava ve ateş gibi konuların ele alınmasıyla ilgilidir. Tarihî Türk lehçelerinden biri olan Eski Anadolu Türkçesi döneminde yazılmış bir eser üzerinde belirlediğimiz ölçüde önvarsayım konusu çalışılmamıştır. Bu yönüyle eldeki çalışma önem arz etmektedir.
Köy Seyirlik Oyunları Geleneği ve Çağdaş Tiyatronun Kesişim Noktasında Bir Oyun: Yunus Diye Göründüm
Authors: ERGÜN ATBAŞI Nurtaç
Published: January 2022

Yunus Emre Türk edebiyatının önde gelen zirve şahsiyetlerinden biridir. Onun eserleri ve yaşayışı dolayısıyla dil bilinci, inandığı/savunduğu değerler düşünceleri/öğretileri kendi çağında olduğu gibi çağlar sonrasında da büyük bir etki sahası yaratmaktadır. Yunus Emre üzerine yürütülen akademik çalışmaların yanında sanat dünyasında ve özel olarak edebiyat ortamında Yunus Emre’den etkilenen, ondan beslenen ve onu anarak yeni fikir ve biçim denemelerini ortaya çıkaran sanatçıların varlığından bahsetmek mümkündür. Bu bağlamda modern Türk edebiyatının birbirinden farklı dönemlerinde, farklı duyuş ve düşünüşe sahip farklı türlerde eserler kaleme alan sanatçıları Yunus Emre’ye kimi zaman açık kimi zaman kapalı göndermelerde bulunarak kimi zaman da onun hayatını yeniden yazdıkları modern eserler kaleme almışlardır. Özellikle modern Türk tiyatrosunda Yunus Emre’yi konu alan çok sayıda eser bulunmaktadır. Nihat Asyalı da Yunus Diye Göründüm başlığını verdiği oyununda Yunus Emre’nin menkıbevi hayatından hareketle insanın anlam arayışını ve sahip olduğu direnme gücünü geleneksel unsurlarla çağdaş tiyatronun imkânlarını birleştirerek işlemeyi tercih etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Yunus Emre’nin konu edildiği Yunus Diye Göründüm oyununun, geleneksel halk tiyatrosu içinde yer alan köy seyirlik oyunlarından ve ritüellerden ne tür izler taşıdığı üzerinde durulmuştur. Açık biçim-göstermeci tiyatro biçiminde yaratılan oyunda tiyatrosallığı sağlayan unsurlar; oyun içinde oyun kurgusu, dekor ve kostüm kullanımı, çatışma unsurları, şarkı ve şiirler aracılığıyla seyirciye iletilerin aktarılması ve dini, büyüsel ritüel nitelikte oyunlara dayanan köy seyirlik oyunlarının dua ya da dans gibi belli bir zaman ve durumda gerçekleşen ritüellerin de oyunda kullanılmasıdır. Bahsi geçen unsurlar göz önünde bulundurularak; Yunus Emre’nin yaşadığı devirden, düşünce dünyasından ve kültürel bir değer olan köy seyirlik oyunlarından da faydalanan Nihat Asyalı’nın kendi oyununda insana ait evrensel gerçekleri nasıl bir biçim ve içerik düzleminde işlediği tartışılmıştır.
Updating the Minimum Elements and Practice Standards for HIA to Reflect Evolution in the Field of Practice
Authors: Whitehead Sandra , Dills James , Bever Emily , Lindberg Ruth
Published: January 2022

The Minimum Elements and Practice Standards for Health Impact Assessment (MEPS) outline the minimum elements that need to be addressed for a study to be considered a health impact assessment (HIA), as well as best practices for how an HIA should be conducted. The document was originally created by a group of leading HIA practitioners in 2009. Since then, it has been updated twice to reflect the evolution of HIA as a practice and the expanded use of HIA as a tool to implement health in all policies. This commentary describes current efforts to revise the MEPS—the first update in six years.
A NEWCOMER TO THE POLES: EXAMINING TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL
Authors: Dal Adnan
Published: January 2022

This paper examines at what level Turkish foreign policy of late years is being implemented. It aims to delineate that contrary to the regional level policy in the first decade of the 2000s, a differentiated foreign policy is being pursued at the global level aiming to increase Turkish marine research activities at the two poles. Getting involved in science diplomacy in recent years, Turkey plans to strengthen its power capacity and evaluate it at the global level. Thus, in this paper, it is concluded that Turkey’s involvement in both the Arctic and Antarctic signifies that its foreign policy target is no more limited to regional dynamics. Significant paces in the two poles could be best understood via its foreign policy at the global level. Moreover, Turkey’s involvement in science diplomacy in parallel with polar engagement strengthens its power capacity on behalf of the global level. Consequently, it is asserted that Turkish foreign policy has been in transition from regional to global standards.
NECÂTÎ’NİN BİR GAZELİNİN GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Gümüş Mustafa Yunus
Published: January 2022

Anlatı insan ile başlamış ve yazılı metinlerin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte bu metinlerin anlaşılması ve yorumlanması, insanların tartıştığı önemli problemlerden biri olmuştur. Bununla birlikte sanat yönü güçlü olan eserlerin anlaşılması, alımlanması ve yorumlanması diğer metinlere göre daha güç olmuş, sanatçıların eserlerinde kullandıkları mazmunlar ve imgeler okuyucunun işini daha da zorlaştırmıştır. Anlaşılması kolay olmayan sanatsal metinler bu şekilde daha girift bir hâle dönüşmüştür.
Divan şairleri, şiirlerini oluştururken bir kuyumcu hassasiyetiyle yaklaşır ve kullandıkları her kelimeyi büyük bir özenle seçerler. Bir kelimenin anlamı, diğer kelimeler ile tamamlanır ve şair hem anlam hem ahenk yönüyle şiirini oluşturur. Araştırmacılar, şairler tarafından büyük bir hassasiyet ile oluşturulan bu şiirleri doğru yorumlamak için birçok şerh ve yorum yöntemi geliştirmişlerdir. Göstergebilimsel inceleme de yapısal bir analiz yöntemi olup manzum metinlerin değerlendirilmesinde de kullanılan modern yorumlama yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu analiz yönteminde bir bütünlük içinde verilen göstergeler dizgesini çözümlemek, yüzeysel yapıdan derin yapıya doğru yapılacak ayrıntılı okuma ile metnin anlamını ortaya koymak amaçlanır. Genellikle düzyazıda kullanılan bir inceleme yöntemi olan göstergebilim, divan şiiri için oldukça uygun bir yapıdadır. Çalışmamızda göstergebilimsel inceleme yöntemi bağlamında Necâtî’nin “bir yana” redifli gazelini yüzey ve derin yapı açısından çözümlemeye çalıştık.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 8, no. 4, junio 1981
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Marketing Investigation: Customer Relationship Management and Innovation to Improve Competitive Advantage and Business Performance
Authors: Mustikowati Rita Indah , Sarwoko Endi , Arief Mohammad , Nurfarida Iva Nurdiana
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between customer relationship management (CRM) and competitive advantage and to analyze the role of innovation capabilities in mediating CRM with a competitive advantage. In addition, it examines the role of competitive advantage on retail business performance. The study was conducted on retail companies in Indonesia using a quantitative approach, and responses from 255 retail owners/managers were obtained via the random sampling method. The analysis technique used is structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software. The research findings reveal that retail competitive advantage can be achieved through the implementation of customer-oriented CRM. CRM is also able to support innovation capabilities, which will further increase competitive advantage. It is important for retail companies to strengthen the implementation of customer relationship management in order to achieve business performance because CRM is proven to increase the ability of innovation and competitive advantage of retail companies. Research on a broader type of company is needed to provide a better level of generalization.
Early versus Delayed Intubation and Technique in COVID-19: A Review Article
Authors: Khan Zahid Hussain , AL-Dulaimi Ahmed Maki , Varpaei Hesam Aldin , Mohammadi Parsa , Mohammadi Mostafa
Published: January 2022

Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 is the cause of the 2020 pandemic that was announced by the world health organization in March 2020. The coronavirus attacks the respiratory system and causes mild to severe hypoxemia. Therefore, a fraction of COVID-19 patients may need intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Methods: We conducted a narrative review by searching for articles that mentioned the time of intubation for COVID-19 patients and intubation techniques in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, the Web of scenic, the Cochrane library, and Embase, as well as manual searching. All the selected reviews and studies were limited to humans and the English language.
Results: The first data from China shows that 5% of patients require intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV), and there has been considerable debate about the timing of intubation for patients with acute respiratory failure and the technique of intubation. At first, the specialists recommended early intubation. Although we are more familiar with the pathophysiology of coronavirus, the drawbacks and the benefits of early intubation are still controversial. In addition, the intubation process itself is an aerosol-generating procedure and carries a high risk for patients and health care providers. In this review, we aim to review the previous studies and guidelines recommendations related to the time of intubation and intubation technique for COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion: Previous research has suggested that early tracheal intubation should be prioritized in severe COVID-19 patients, whereas other studies advocate late intubation due to poor intubation outcomes and weaning difficulties. However, intubation timing should be based on personalized medicine and case-by-case decision making to ensure the best care and benefit of patients. And relying only on theoretical justification may not have good consequences.
Barotrauma in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Fallahian Farahnaz , Najafi Atabak , Ahmadi Arezoo
Published: January 2022

Clinical manifestations of COVID 19 is still unknown. We performed this study to determine the occurrence of pulmonary barotrauma as a complication of this disease.
In this retrospective study, a total of 955 COVID 19 patients with respiratory insufficiency requiring oxygen support or invasive ventilation admitted to ICU of Sina Hospital from 20 March 2020 to 9 June 2021, were included and their chest imaging reviewed. Here, we report results of chest imaging of first 92 patients of this group.
Barotrauma (pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium) occurred in 11 (11.9%) of 92 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection requiring ICU admission for respiratory support and monitoring.
It seems barotrauma is a common complication of COVID 19 disease. The role of increased respiratory efforts, patient or ventilation induced lung injury, viral and host response should be assessed. It needs to consider the occurrence of barotrauma in Patients with COVID-19, before expansion of dead space for treatment and limiting the ventilation effects.
Effect of EDTA chelate, cow manure, elemental sulfur application and Thiobacillus inoculant on Cd, Zn and Fe phytoremediation efficiency in a Cd-polluted soil
Authors: Baghaie Amir Hossein
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals is one of the important points in environmental studies. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of cow manure, elemental sulfur and EDTA on Cd uptake by Indian mustard in a Cd-polluted soil in the presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans.
Materials and Methods: Treatments consisted of applying cow manure (0, 5 and 10 g/kg soil), soil application of elemental sulfur (2 g/kg soil), and Cd-polluted soil (0 and 20 mg Cd/kg soil) with 1.5 mmol EDTA/kg soil in the presence of Thiobacillus spp. After 90 days, Indian mustard plant was harvested and plant Zn, Fe and Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the soil microbial respiration was measured.
Results: The use of 2 g/kg soil of elemental sulfur significantly increased the plant Cd concentration in the presence and absence of Thiobacillus by 14.2 and 11.7%, respectively. Adding cow manure to the soil at the rates of 5 and 10 g/kg soil significantly increased the plant Cd concentration by 15.7 and 18.1%, respectively. Also, the application of EDTA chelate at the rate 0f 1.5 mmol/kg soil significantly increased the Cd concentration of the plants grown in the Cd-polluted soil (20 mg Cd/kg soil) by 13.6%.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that using elemental sulfur in the Cdpolluted soil can increase the Cd concentration of the plant which was cultivated in the soil amended with cow manure in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria. However, the role of soil physic-chemical properties on phytoremediation efficiency cannot be ignored.
How to Increase the Immunogenicity of SARS-COV-2 Inactivated Vaccines?
Authors: Khadivi Yousef
Published: January 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Cambios fisicoquímicos del aguacate Hass durante el almacenamiento frio y la maduración acelerada
Authors: OCHOA MARTINEZ CLAUDIA ISABEL , Benítez Franco Juan Pablo , Sánchez González Andrea del Pilar , Bolaños Cartagena Catherin Julieth , Bernal Montoya Laura Juliana , Vélez Pasos Carlos Antonio , Sandoval Aldana Angelica Piedad
Published: January 2022

El aguacate Hass es un fruto climatérico con un alto contenido de aceite y óptimas características organolépticas. Las condiciones de almacenamiento (temperatura y humedad relativa) durante el transporte y la maduración, son definitivas para garantizar que el fruto llegue al consumidor con las mejores características fisicoquímicas y adecuadas propiedades organolépticas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la temperatura de almacenamiento durante el transporte refrigerado y su posterior maduración acelerada sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aguacate Hass de exportación del Valle del Cauca. Se utilizó un diseño factorial 32, en el cual los factores correspondieron a las temperaturas de refrigeración (5, 7 y 9°C) y de maduración (17, 20 y 23°C). En ambos casos, la humedad relativa fue de 90%. Los frutos se almacenaron durante 20 días para simular el proceso de exportación y las propiedades fisicoquímicas se midieron cada 5 días. Posteriormente se sometieron a una maduración acelerada a 17, 20 y 23°C hasta un grado de madurez 5, correspondiente a la madurez de consumo. Las mejores condiciones de manejo se lograron a una temperatura de almacenamiento de 7°C y maduración posterior a 20°C. El producto final presentó una maduración homogénea, sin defectos internos.
Correlación del contenido de clorofila foliar de la especie Coffea arabica con índices espectrales en imágenes
Authors: Solis Andrés Felipe , Revelo luna David Armando , Campo Ceballos Diego Andrés , Gaviria López Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2022

La clorofila es un pigmento fundamental para los procesos fotosintéticos de las especies vegetales, y constituye una limitante en la producción agrícola. La estimación del contenido de clorofila foliar (LCC) se realiza generalmente mediante técnicas invasivas de espectrofotometría. Las imágenes multiespectrales y los Índices de Vegetación (IV), constituyen una alternativa importante debido a que permiten la estimación in situ del pigmento. En este trabajo se pretende encontrar la variabilidad y relaciones entre el contenido localizado de clorofila, de la especie Coffea arabica, e IV tomados de imágenes multiespectrales. Se realizó un muestreo de hojas al azar, y se seleccionaron hojas sanas y enfermas. Se estimó el LCC de 60 muestras mediante espectrofotometría y se encontró el coeficiente de correlación con IV. Los mejores indicadores del pigmento fueron los índices GARI, GNDVI y NDVI, entre 14 índices estudiados. Se encontró que la variabilidad de los datos de IV en diferentes zonas de hojas enfermas, concuerda con la distribución de clorofila no homogénea en esas hojas, ya que la degradación de clorofila en esta variedad no se comporta de forma isotrópica. Este resultado alienta la posibilidad de usar esta técnica para inferir el estado de salud de esta planta.
Aplicación de altas presiones y otras tecnologías en frutas como alternativa de tratamientos térmicos convencionales
Authors: Martinez Giron Jader , Figueroa Sepúlveda Katherine , Castillo Robles Nelly Zarith
Published: January 2022

En la actualidad la industria alimentaria busca ofrecer productos alimentarios frescos pero a su vez que tengan una vida útil prolongada. Existen varias técnicas que requieren tratamiento térmico las cuales permiten aumentar la vida útil de los alimentos pero estas pueden afectar la calidad final del producto. La alta presión hidrostática y la homogeneización por altas presiones son nuevas técnicas no térmicas que  permiten actuar sobre los alimentos a temperaturas de proceso bajas alargando la vida útil y conservando la calidad nutricional. La alta presión hidrostática se ha aplicado en diferentes frutas mínimamente procesadas para conservar su frescura y propiedades nutricionales entre ellas los duraznos, el mango, las cerezas, las fresas, la pulpa de naranja, el melón, la chirimoya y las aceitunas donde se ha determinado que esta técnica conserva mejor las propiedades de estos materiales vegetales respecto a tratamientos térmicos convencionales. En cuanto a la homogeneización por alta presión se ha aplicado principalmente en jugos de manzana, fresa, mango, sandía, toronja y zumo de naranja obteniendo una buena inactivación de microorganismos y una mejor conservación de compuestos bioactivos, sin afectar las propiedades nutricionales y funcionales.
What do we study studying body? Researcher’s attempts to embodiment research
Authors: Byczkowska Dominika
Published: January 2022

The article presents researcher’s attempts, methodological problems and queries in embodiment research during a Grounded Theory Methodology based study on social world of ballroom dancers. The research has been conducted among ballroom dancers, flamenco dancers, belly dancers, dance instructors, choreographers and judges. One of the aspects of the research is social construction of embodiment. In the article I will present techniques and methods of research such as autoetnography, interview, observation, photo and video analysis as well as kind of results they may give and what is really studied when using these methods. I will also present how one experiences his/her body in this group. I will try to answer a question: what is the real result of researcher’s attempts in embodiment study in sociology; do we really study body, or its social practices, socially constructed individual experience; how deeply can we make the research when our object (somebody else’s body) is not entirely intersubjectively available for our recognition.
Partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne – dzieląc się wiedzą i doświadczeniem
Authors: Załęczna Magdalena , Wojewnik-Filipkowska Anna , Węgrzyn Joanna , Olbińska Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Monografia Partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne – dzieląc się wiedzą i doświadczeniem jest jednym z głosów w prowadzonej od lat dyskusji na temat możliwości wykorzystania potencjału PPP w Polsce. Pomimo oficjalnych zapewnień o popieraniu tego rozwiązania, formuła PPP nie stała się popularna, jej stosowanie rodzi bowiem wiele trudności i wymaga wyspecjalizowanej wiedzy. Publikacja ta jest skierowana do szerokiego kręgu odbiorców, zarówno profesjonalnie zajmujących się problematyką współpracy podmiotów publicznych i prywatnych, rozwoju infrastruktury, zarządzania miastem i rewitalizacji, jak i najważniejszych interesariuszy tych procesów oraz mechanizmów rynku – użytkowników i odbiorców. Pomimo upływu wielu lat od rozpoczęcia implementacji szeroko pojętego PPP w Polsce wydaje się, że dla niektórych podmiotów to wciąż nowa instytucja, natomiast dla tych, którzy mają już doświadczenie na tym polu, zmieniające się rozwiązania prawne, a także czynniki społeczne, gospodarcze i środowiskowe kreują nowe warunki, które wymagają dalszych badań i analiz. Wiedza teoretyczna oraz płynąca zarówno z pozytywnych, jak i negatywnych doświadczeń stanowi niezbędny element upowszechniania wykorzystania formuły PPP.
Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif
Authors: Shodiq Lukman Jakfar , Apritasona Warsosi
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the problem-solving ability of eighth-grade junior high school students in terms of cognitive style in solving two-variable linear equations. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII SMPN 1 Senduro, namely four students from each of two different types of cognitive styles. Collecting data using questionnaires, test methods, and interview methods. According to Polya, there are four steps in the problem-solving ability of students, namely understanding, planning, implementing, and re-checking. The results showed that students with a field-dependent cognitive style had difficulty in analyzing a problem because they could not apply the four Polya problem solving while the field independent type cognitive style was very able to apply the four problem-solving steps according to Polya, namely, understanding, planning, implementing, and doing recheck.
Grammatica historica da lingua portugueza de Said Ali cem anos depois
Authors: Costa Thaís de Araujo da
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo, à luz da perspectiva discursiva da História das Ideias Linguísticas, proponho-me a refletir sobre o processo de (res)significação da Grammatica Historica da Lingua Portugueza de Said Ali, ao longo dos séculos XX e XXI, em textos organizados por gestos historiográficos. O objetivo da análise é compreender um possível trajeto realizado por essa obra na (meta-)história do conhecimento linguístico-gramatical brasileiro. A investigação empreendida possibilitou observar um movimento ambíguo de interpretação dessa gramática no tocante ao seu título, às suas filiações teóricas, à sua forma material e à relação estabelecida com as demais gramáticas reagrupadas sob o nome de Said Ali.
Panorama sociolinguístico do contato português-francês na fronteira Brasil-Guiana Francesa
Authors: Day Kelly Cristina Nascimento
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões acerca dos efeitos sociais e linguísticos aportados pelo contato português-francês na fronteira franco-brasileira, tomando por base resultados de diferentes pesquisas de cunho sociolinguístico realizadas ao longo dos últimos 20 anos. Esta análise conjunta e articulada nos permite perceber como as dinâmicas linguístico-linguageiras dessa fronteira têm sido determinadas por critérios sociodemográficos e econômicos delimitadores, por sua vez, do uso compartimentalizado das línguas na região, bem como por limites linguístico-identitários que encontram na língua um elemento delimitador de território.
Sequência didática como estratégia para ensino sobre desafios socioambientais relacionados às mudanças climáticas
Authors: Faria Daniela Resende de , Ramos Maria Carolina , Coltri Priscila Pereira
Published: January 2022

Questões socioambientais ligadas às mudanças climáticas ainda são pouco trabalhadas e estudadas na Educação Básica, sobretudo na etapa do Ensino Médio. Profundamente relacionadas aos problemas urbanos que atingem as comunidades, são as populações mais vulneráveis aquelas que estão mais propensas a serem impactadas com suas consequências. Partindo do entendimento de que todos têm direito a um meio ambiente equilibrado para a sua sobrevivência, este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma sequência didática para o ensino da temática socioambiental dentro do tema “Mudanças Climáticas” em consonância com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). A sequência didática foi elaborada com base na Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABP) e seu desenvolvimento pretende promover uma atuação protagonista dos estudantes, fundamentada em temas da atualidade, o que fomentará o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico para a compreensão de uma realidade complexa, auxiliando a inserção do tema mudanças climáticas na etapa do Ensino Médio.
The Performance Evaluation of State Grassland Ecological Compensation and Rewards—A Case Study in Yili, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Dan , Han Fengqin
Published: January 2022

Since 2011, the State Grassland Ecological Compensation and Rewards(GECR) had implemented in 13 provinces (regions) in China. This policy controlled livestock carrying capacity on pasture and provided subsidies to pastoralists, aimed at reducing livestock number on grassland, increasing income of pastoralist households, and restoring degraded grassland ecosystem. Taking Nileke County of Xinjiang, China as a case study, this research evaluated the ecological, economic and social performance of GECR in agro-pastoral area. Using annual series data during 2006-2010 and 2011-2015, the change of grassland ecological condition, household living standard and labor population was compared between the two periods, and the influence of GECR were validated and detailed with semi-structured household interviews. The results showed that after 2011, livestock number in pastoral area decreased. In contract, the livestock in agricultural area showed large growth. Farmers’ livestock use pasture through grazing transaction, which means farmers paid herders to graze their livestock on the herder’s pasture. Widespread transactions between farmers and herders led to overgrazing on pasture and grassland degradation. GECR also had no significant contribution on improving household income and encouraging livelihood transition. The policy had no significant benefits in ecology, economy and society in case area. Based on the findings, we put forwards suggestions from three aspects: improving the design of the GECR policy, establishing performance evaluation system, strengthening the supervision and punishment of grassland overgrazing and improving local human capital quality .
Hipotalamik hamartoma bağlı santral puberte prekoks ve faktör 7 eksikliği birlikteliği
Authors: SELVER Muhammed Burak , SELVER EKLİOĞLU Beray , ATABEK Mehmet , TOKGÖZ Hüseyin , ÇALIŞKAN Ümran
Published: January 2022

Hipotalamik hamartom konjenital neoplastik olmayan tümör benzeri bir lezyondur. Santral puberte prekoksun santral sinir sistemi ile ilgili yaygın görülen organik sebeplerindendir. Bu olgu hipotalamik hamartoma bağlı küçük yaşta santral puberte prekoks görülmesi ve beraberinde faktör yedi eksikliğinin eşlik etmesi nedeniyle sunulmuştur.
A táplálkozás és testmozgás kiemelkedő szerepe az egészséges életmódban
Authors: Szabó Katalin , Kinczel Antonia , Molnár Anikó , Müller Anetta
Published: January 2022

Az életmóddal összefüggő betegségek, mint például a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség, az elhízás, a szív- és érrendszeri vagy stresszel összefüggő betegségek, illetve a csontritkulás mindenki számára jól ismertek, és megelőzésükben vagy kialakulásukban az életmódbeli elemek, mint például az étrend vagy a testmozgás kulcsszerepet játszanak.  Ahhoz, hogy megelőzzük ezen fent említett betegségek kialakulását, kellő figyelmet kell fordítanunk az egészséges életmódra és a prevencióra. A mai modern világunkban már rengeteg olyan ismerettel rendelkezünk, amelyek nagyban hozzájárulnak az említett betegségek megelőzéséhez, ennek ellenére még mindig sokan küzdenek velük. Fontos tényező, hogy a rendszeres testmozgás és az egészséges táplálkozás hozzájárul az egészségesebb életmód kialakításához, és védelmet nyújt a betegségek széles skálájával szemben.
JEL-kódok: I10, I12, I19
Transforming the German Food System – How to Make Start-ups Great!
Authors: Ludwig Kathrin , Profeta Adriano , Märdian Alexander , Hollah Clemens , Schmiedeknecht Maud Helene , Heinz Volker
Published: January 2022

The food system represents a key industry for Europe and particularly Germany. However, it is also the single most significant contributor to climate and environmental change. A food system transformation is necessary to overcome the system's major and constantly increasing challenges in the upcoming decades. One possible facilitator for this transformation are radical and disrup-tive innovations that start-ups develop. There are many challenges for start-ups in general and food start-ups in particular. Various support opportunities and resources are crucial to ensure the success of food start-ups. One aim of this study is to identify how the success of start-ups in the food system can be supported and further strengthened by players in the innovation ecosystem in Germany. There is still room for improvement and collaboration toward a thriving innovation ecosystem. A successful innovation ecosystem is characterised by a well-organised, collaborative, and supportive environment with a vivid exchange between the members in the ecosystem. The interviewees confirmed this, and although the different actors are already cooperating, there is still room for improvement. The most common recommendation for improving cooperation is learning from other countries and bringing the best to Germany.
Barriers for Renewable Energy Technologies Diffusion: Empirical Evidence from Finland and Poland
Authors: Juszczyk Oskar , Juszczyk Juliusz , Juszczyk Sławomir , Takala Josu
Published: January 2022

A harmful impact of climate change and global warming has concerned various sectors of the international community. Numerous energy policies aiming at climate change mitigation have been implemented on a national and global scale. Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) play a critical role in enhancing sustainable solutions that significantly limit greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Such innovative technologies can facilitate energy transition through providing e.g. energy security, sustainable development, or effective usage of indigenous resources. However, the commercialization of RET becomes extremely challenging. The barriers can be of a different nature, although in this study the focus has been put on socio-economic and regulatory issues. In fact, there is ample evidence that energy policies play a central role in supporting renewables adoption. It is also claimed that RET require the whole ecosystem to support their successful diffusion. In this study, we explore multifarious barriers for a widespread RET diffusion in two European Union countries: Finland and Poland, indicating the most common barriers existing in the literature as well as analyzing major bottlenecks in the viewpoint of renewable energy companies’ executives. We also present statistics of the most commonly used RET in these countries in order to express the diffusion issues more appropriately. The outcomes of this study provide useful insight for the researchers in the energy transition field as well as practical managerial and regulatory implications aimed at overcoming these challenges.
Towards Sustainable and Smart Cities: Replicable and KPI-Driven Evaluation Framework
Authors: Quijano Ana , Hernández Jose L. , Nouaille Pierre , Virtanen Mikko , Sánchez-Sarachu Beatriz , Pardo-Bosch Francesc , Knieilng Jörg
Published: January 2022

Sustainability is pivotal in the urban transformation strategy in order to reach more resource-efficient, resilient and smarter cities. The goal of being a sustainable city should drive the decisions for city interventions. Nonetheless, impacts need to be quantified, lacking of standard and/or common methodologies that could be replicable across multiple cities. There exist many initiatives aiming at defining indicators and assessment procedures, but without convergence in the definition of terms and application methodologies, making complex its real implementation. Within mySMARTLife project (GA#731297), a KPI-driven evaluation framework is defined with the aim of covering the multiple pillars of a city (i.e. energy, mobility, citizens, economy) in a holistic way. This methodology also defines the concepts and terms to guide urban planners and/or experts at time of implementing the framework in a specific city. The evaluation framework has been deployed in the three cities of Nantes, Hamburg and Helsinki and some lessons learnt have been extracted, such as the necessity of providing a definition of measurement boundary to avoid interpretations. Thanks to a co-creation strategy, the main difficulties and issues from the cities have been taken into consideration for increasing the replicability.
The differences between the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale When Assessing Resilience: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Predictive Effects
Authors: Ye Yun-Ci , Wu Chia-Huei , Yang Cheng-Ta
Published: January 2022

The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) are two widely used scales to measure resilience. Although both scales seek to assess an individual’s ability to recover from and adapt to disruptions or stressful events, they may capture different aspects of resilience. While the CD-RISC focuses on resources that can help individuals recover from and adapt to disruptions or stressful events, the BRS directly measures one’s ability to bounce back or be resilient. The aim of this study is to empirically examine the differences between the CD-RISC and the BRS. Two samples (n = 202, 246) consisting of undergraduate students from Taiwan were used. The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that the CD-RISC and the BRS are highly correlated but still distinct. The results of regression analyses show that the CD-RISC and the BRS have unique predictive effects on depression and life satisfaction. The research findings suggest that the CD-RISC and the BRS capture different aspects of resilience. For future research on resilience, researchers should pay attention to the differences between these scales and choose the one that most closely fits their research purpose.