bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO NOS GOVERNOS FHC E LULA: UMA ANÁLISE PRÓ-POBRE
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo Vilela , Azenha Neto Aristeu Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho analisa o crescimento econômico brasileiro nos governos FHC e Lula sob a ótica do crescimento pró-pobre, por meio das elasticidades renda-pobreza e desigualdade-pobreza. Para tanto, utilizam-se dados da PNAD para as 27 Unidades Federativas do Brasil de 1995-2010. Os resultados revelam que o governo FHC não alcançou crescimento pró-pobre, com semi-estagnação da proporção de pobres. O governo Lula atingiu crescimento pró-pobre, os efeitos parciais da renda e da desigualdade estiveram acima de 2 p.p e 5 p.p., respectivamente. O cenário externo favorável, mas principalmente as políticas de inclusão social contribuíram para o resultado do governo Lula.
Long-term impact of an international online collaboration–The perspective of nursing students
Authors: Nielsen Kirsten
Published: April 2021

This article reports on a research project investigating the perspective of nursing students regarding the long-term impact of participation in an international online collaboration called Globally Networked Learning (GNL). At the end of GNL, the students responded that they achieved a broader understanding of how culture influenced nursing and healthcare in Canada and Denmark. The aim of this study was to find out whether GNL had a long-term impact on the Danish students’ learning process towards earning a Bachelor of Science in Nursing. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach to the study was found to be useful in creating knowledge about the students’ perceived long-term impact of participation in GNL. Eight Danish students participated in this follow-up project. Data were generated through narrative interviews and the interpretation was inspired by Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation theory. Analysis and interpretation led to the four themes: Significance for the encounter with the individual, significance for the educational programme, improved English skills, and studying abroad after GNL. The conclusion was that from the perspective of nursing students, GNL had had a long-term impact on the Danish students’ educational programme and their nursing practice. The study is relevant to nursing education, as it contributes with knowledge about the long-term impact of an international online collaboration in the nursing programme and about studying abroad after an international online collaboration.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Vol. 11, No. 1
Authors: Wong Carol
Published: April 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2021.
Effects of Medial Thrust Gait on Lower Extremity Kinetics in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bokaeian Hamid Reza , Esfandiarpour Fateme , Zahednejad Shahla , Mohammadi Hossein Kouhzad , Farahmand Farzam
Published: April 2021

Background. Medial thrust (MT) gait is a nonsurgical approach for reducing the knee adduction moment (KAM) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, its usefulness is indeterminate due to scarcity of research about changes in lower extremity kinetics and the ground reaction force (GRF) which have been investigated in this study.
Materials and methods. Twenty patients (6 males, 14 females, age: 56.2±6.2 years) with medial knee osteo­arthritis participated in this cross-sectional study. A 12-camera motion analysis system and two force plates recorded kinematic and GRF data while participants walked barefoot along a 12m path with 1) their regular gait pattern and 2) MT gait pattern. The first peak adduction and flexion moments of the hip, knee, and ankle, and the sagittal and frontal GRF were measured. The center of pressure (CoP) location in the mediolateral direction at first KAM peak was also determined.
Results. MT gait significantly reduced the first KAM peak (mean difference= 169.7, p<0.001) and the hip flexion moment (mean difference: 82.6, p= 0.020) compared to normal gait. The mediolateral CoP significantly shifted laterally during MT gait compared to normal gait (mean difference: -12% foot width, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in other kinetics variables between the two gait patterns (p>0.05).
Conclusions. 1. Our findings show that MT gait can reduce the KAM with no significant increase in the GRF and other lower extremity moments. 2. The results suggest that the reduced KAM associated with MT gait is caused by a lateral shift of the CoP, resulting in a reduced GRF moment arm.
Is accounting a natural science?
Authors: Dobija Mieczysław , Renkas Jurij
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This paper verifies the hypothesis of whether accounting theory belongs to the natural sciences. To support this hypothesis, three characteristics of natural sciences are examined in relation to accounting theory: the relationship with the fundamental laws of nature, the existence of constants, and the abstractness of categories that require the use of mathematics.
Research approach: The study has two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical analysis is the starting point to formulate a general model of capital and a model for measuring human capital that contains an economic constant. Statistical tools are used in empirical research.
Findings: The basic theoretical result is that understanding the category of capital and the sources of its growth is possible by applying the first and second principles of thermo-dynamics. Consequently, the existence of a constant is revealed, and the way to create other theoretically justified models is opened. The theoretical accounting restrictions were abolished as a result of a deeper interpretation of the principle of dualism. This principle revealed that it is equivalent to the first principle of thermodynamics; it does not allow capital to arise from nothing. Moreover, it clearly indicates the abstract and potential na-ture of capital, which logically leads to the second principle of thermodynamics.
Practical implications: Theoretically, the rationale for calculating depreciation amounts using the current balance method and the methods and formulas for determining fair com-pensation are already proven practical implications of understanding the nature of capital and discovering the existence of a fixed amount. The discovered constant is indispensable in the issues of capital, income and salaries.
Originality: The thesis that accounting is a natural science is original, as are the models and calculations using a constant.
Reports on the financial results of the Holocaust. Example of Operation “Reinhardt”
Authors: Turzyński Mikołaj
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to examine the accounting discourse, including the accounting language, used in financial reports from the Holocaust process on the example of Operation Reinhardt.
Methodology/approach: Archival research was carried out. The approach to discourse analysis based on Foucault’s social theory was used.
Findings: The language of the reports on the financial results of the Holocaust was adapted to the needs of the recipients of the information contained in these reports. Accounting discourse, including the language of the reports, was determined by the Nazi ideology. The issues of maintaining the secrecy of the looting carried out, the control and settlement functions of accounting, and the requirement of maintaining credibility were highlighted. The research on the language of accounting used in the reports on the financial results of the Holocaust shows that the dominant Nazi discourse shaped the content of the state-ments and reports, making the accounting practice consistent with the priorities of the Third Reich.
Research limitations/implications: A limited amount of archival material has been preserved; hence the study covered a small number of reports on the financial results of the Holocaust.
Originality/Value: The article contributes to research on the use of accounting for ideo-logical purposes. It is the first presentation of the problem of the influence of the Nazi dis-course on the language of reports on the financial results of the Holocaust.
Nutraceutical Potential of Seed and Grain Proteins in Health Promotion
Authors: Singh Suryapal , Singh Lalita , Singh Harshita , Sangwan Suman
Published: April 2021

In recent years, seed and grain proteins with nutritional bioactivity have been studied for disease prevention and treatments. Seed and grains are key components of a healthy and balanced diet which support the protective role of bioactive proteins with nutraceutical activities. Proteins obtained from seeds can be a good source of amino acids and nutraceutical peptides that can be used for biotic functions to improve health and disease prevention. Hence, the increased consumption of seeds and grains promotes a healthy generation in future and a significant reduction in diseases. To increase the human health awareness, we must have to enlighten the importance of easily available seeds and grains in our food.
Proprioceptors in Cephalic Muscles
Authors: L. Cobo Juan , Junquera Sonsoles , Martín-Cruces José , Solé-Magdalena Antonio , García-Suárez Olivia , Cobo Teresa
Published: April 2021

The proprioception from the head is mainly mediated via the trigeminal nerve and originates from special sensitive receptors located within muscles called proprioceptors. Only muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and rarely some muscles supplied by the facial nerve, contain typical proprioceptors, i.e. muscle spindles. In the other cephalic muscles (at the exception of the extrinsic muscles of the eye) the muscle spindles are replaced by sensory nerve formations (of different morphologies and in different densities) and isolated nerve fibers expressing mechanproteins (especially PIEZO2) related to proprioception. This chapter examines the cephalic proprioceptors corresponding to the territories of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves.
Climate Change Induced Thermal Stress Caused Recurrent Coral Bleaching over Gulf of Kachchh and Malvan Marine Sanctuary, West Coast of India
Authors: Arora Mohit , De Kalyan , Ray Chaudhury Nandini , Nanajkar Mandar , Chauhan Prakash , Pateriya Brijendra
Published: April 2021

Coral reefs are one of the most sensitive, productive, and invaluable biological resources on the earth. However, coral reefs are facing unprecedented stress due to ongoing climate changes and intensified anthropogenic disturbances globally. Elevated Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has emerged as the most imminent threat to the thermos-sensitive reef-building corals. The 2010–2014-2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused prolonged marine heat waves (MHWs) that led to the most widespread coral bleaching and mortality in the tropical Indi-Pacific regions. Coral bleaching prediction is vital for the management of the reef biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and services. Recent decades, satellite remote sensing has emerged as a convenient tool for large-scale coral reef monitoring programs. As thermal stress is a critical physical attribute for coral bleaching hence, the present study examines the effectiveness of the elevated SSTs as a proxy to predict coral bleaching in shallow water marginal reefs. Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch’s (CRW) platform has been used for this study. Coral bleaching indices like Bleaching Threshold (BT), Positive SST Anomaly (PA), and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) are computed to analyze the thermal stress on the coral reefs. The computed thermal stress from satellite-derived SST data over regions concurrence with the mass coral bleaching (MCB) events. This study concludes that in the last decades (2010 to 2019) the coral cover around these regions has dramatically declined due to higher SST, which indicates that the thermal stress induced recurrent bleaching events attributed to the coral loss.
Basics and Essentials of Medical Devices Safety Surveillance
Authors: Kalaiselven Vivekanandan , Shukla Shatrunajay , Mishra Nikita , Kumar Pawan
Published: April 2021

Medical devices are being used in healthcare facilities for diagnosis, monitoring, prevention and treatment of an array of diseases. To ensure user/patient safety associated with the medical devices being used in healthcare industry, it is of utmost importance to closely monitor the adverse events associated with the medical devices through a robust, sustainable and scaled surveillance. Materiovigilance Programme of India (MvPI) provides a reliable system to report adverse events associated with medical devices. Under MvPI, various modalities to report adverse events associated with medical devices have been developed. These modalities include an editable medical device adverse event reporting form, a toll-free helpline number and a field safety corrective action form (FSCA). FSCA form is used to notify the regulatory authority and healthcare professionals on corrective actions or recall by the manufacturer. Due to the emergence of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, one-page editable form has been developed to boost the adverse event reporting of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs). MvPI also coordinates with healthcare facilities and medical device industries across the country for reporting the medical device-related adverse events. The collected scientific data is utilized to develop regulatory policies and enhance measures to ensure the quality of medical devices. All the healthcare workers are, therefore, encouraged to report adverse events to MvPI. This chapter aims to describe the systems, procedures and modalities available for the reporting of Medical Device Adverse Events (MDAEs) in India, in order to intensify the nature of reporting and creating an environment that encourages the public to perform MDAE reporting.
Using Ontologies in Autonomous Robots Engineering
Authors: Aguado Esther , Sanz Ricardo
Published: April 2021

The construction and operation of autonomous robots is heavily based of systemic conceptualizations of the reality constituted by the robot, its controller and the environment where it performs. In this chapter we address the role that computer ontologies play in the whole life cycle—engineering and operation—of autonomous robots: from its conception and construction by human engineering teams to deployment and autonomous operation in dynamic and uncertain environments. This chapter summarizes the state of the art, gives some examples and establishes a roadmap for future activity in this domain to produce shareable ontologies that could streamline autonomous robot development and exploitation.
Do Individuals with Eating Disorders See Their Own External and/or Internal Beauty?
Authors: Peaslee Levine Martha
Published: April 2021

It has been well documented that individuals struggling with eating disorders don’t have clear perceptions of their own bodies. Yet they overly rely on their body image as their sense of self. Even the criteria of certain eating disorders recognize that individuals are strongly affected by their body weight and shape, which is often seen through a distorted lens. Individuals with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, struggle not only with recognizing their external beauty but also their internal positive qualities. Their perfectionism and critical sense of self leads them to have negative views of their beauty and self-worth. This chapter will look at some of the reasons individuals with eating disorders struggle to appreciate their own beauty, internally as well as externally, and will offer some tools to help with these struggles. Many individuals, even those without disordered eating, struggle with critical self-perception. Perhaps this chapter can help us all become more compassionate to ourselves as we consider our external and internal aspects of beauty.
Educação ambiental: desafios e perspectivas no contexto da Educação Básica
Authors: Toscan Tainá Silva Candido
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo apresenta um panorama do que tem sido pesquisado nos últimos quatro anos (2016-2020) sobre a Educação Ambiental no contexto da Educação Básica. Nesse sentido, objetivou, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, sintetizar publicações na área, identificando as percepções dos autores sobre o tema e o lugar da EA no contexto educacional hoje. Para tanto, a partir de Bardin (2004), categorias foram pensadas e organizadas a fim de sistematizar os dados, a saber: representações dos professores sobre EA e suas práticas; inserção da EA crítica na educação básica e desafios; EA e a formação de professores e EA e políticas educacionais. Entende-se que o lugar da EA no contexto da Educação Básica ainda está envolto em certa nebulosidade, repleto de desafios a serem superados, mesmo com avanços, conquistas e abrangência teórica sobre a EA explicitada como necessidade em todos os níveis de ensino.
Regularização fundiária, apropriação privada de terras públicas e resistência camponesa no Sudeste Paraense
Authors: Terence Marcelo Fernando
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo expõe os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou identificar e analisar casos de apropriação ilegal de terras públicas federais na mesorregião do Sudeste Paraense. Foram selecionados imóveis rurais localizados em glebas públicas e ocupados por famílias integrantes de movimentos sociais de luta pela terra. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio dos seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: a) Entrevistas com sujeitos sociais envolvidos nos conflitos analisados; b) Pesquisa de documentos em instituições da região, como a Justiça Federal e Estadual, o Incra, a Comissão Pastoral da Terra e o Centro de Pesquisa e Assessoria Sindical e Popular. A partir da análise dos dados coletados, foi constatado que a expansão de atividades econômicas como a pecuária acaba por se servir de formas ilegais de apropriação das terras públicas, e que a atuação do Estado favorece esse tipo de prática em detrimento da destinação destas terras para a reforma agrária.
Panorama dos estudos sobre identidade de lugar
Authors: Ferrari Justulin Zacarias Elisa , Gasparetto Higuchi Maria Inês
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo apresenta-se o estado da arte da literatura acadêmica acerca da pesquisa empírica denominada identidade de lugar. Fez-se um levantamento de estudos publicados nas seguintes bases de dados: Periódicos CAPES, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e ScienceDirect, com a utilização dos descritores: identidade de lugar e place identity. Foram selecionadas 67 publicações que atendem aos critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, análise de correspondência e análise da estrutura de similaridade ou análise dos menores espaços e análise de conteúdo, o que possibilitou uma visão geral acerca das fontes selecionadas. Os temas que sintetizam a análise temática das fontes são: análise teórica e operacionalização do conceito; conceitos confluentes; implicações da identidade de lugar; operacionalização da identidade de lugar e variáveis que promovem implicações na identidade de lugar.
Rupturas conceituais de segurança e meio ambiente no Antropoceno: os nexos securitários em formação desde o pós-guerra fria
Authors: Andrade Júnior Hermes , Brandão Ana Paula
Published: April 2021

O modelo do Antropoceno refere-se às perturbações na superfície terrestre causadas pela intensa atividade humana. Estando associado a um novo intervalo na história geológica da Terra, ele tem sido abordado por diversas áreas de conhecimento das chamadas ciencias da Terra, chegando agora até às ciencias sociais e humanidades, desde a sua implantação. As Relações Internacionais (RI) procuram uma melhor especificidade de suas funções diante do Antropoceno, alargando seu campo de atuação. No campo da Segurança, afirma-se que os atores estejam mais conectados e comprometidos entre si e que o significado de Segurança baseado no ator estatal e nos setores político e militar não faz mais sentido no modelo antropocênico e que a transdisciplinaridade (para a disciplina de relações internacionais e além dela) deva ser afirmada. Colaborando com um manifesto lançado em conferencia patrocinada pela Revista Millenium, da London School of Economics trazemos o corte temporal do pós-Guerra Fria para alargar o debate sócio-ambiental em termos transdisciplinares ao campo dos estudos de segurança. O Antropoceno prenuncia uma época de insegurança.  Embora a atenção à segurança como ameaça tenha crescido nas últimas duas décadas em um franco estímulo ao debate do pós-Guerra Fria e a securitização seja visível no sistema global, persiste um grande número de nexos de segurança em construção transdisciplinar que merecem reexame crítico diante do fenômeno da degradação ambiental criada dentro do Antropoceno conceitual, que preconiza uma ameaça bipolar humano-natureza.
Patrimonio e identidad: la enseñanza de la historia ante el cambio social
Authors: Ponce Gea Ana Isabel , Serrano Pastor Francisca José
Published: April 2021

Hacer de la historia un instrumento útil para nuestros estudiantes es una de las principales finalidades de los docentes, que necesitan definir un marco general en el que actuar de acuerdo con unos objetivos, cuya delimitación es especialmente imprescindible en momentos de cambio social. Este marco se conforma por dos planos principales: el cognitivo, donde se define el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia; y el social, donde lo realizado en la escuela se traduce en la utilidad para el educando, frecuentemente asociada a la conformación de una identidad. Entre ambos planos, el papel del patrimonio actúa como vertebrador, bajo dos argumentos principales: 1) El patrimonio puede ser tratado como una fuente histórica, que permite crear discursos múltiples a través de habilidades de pensamiento científico, crítico y creativo; 2) Como la historia, el patrimonio resulta esencial para la creación de la identidad y la formación de ciudadanos. Con esto en mente, se proponen tres posibles marcos en los que la utilidad de la historia depende de su tratamiento en las escuelas: a) identidad colectiva de consumo/patrimonio-objeto/conocimiento histórico insolvente; b) identidad colectiva dura/patrimonio-conmemoración/historia única y c) identidad colectiva débil/patrimonio-recurso/historia múltiple. Partiendo de que el cambio social, y el consiguiente cambio educativo, ha provocado una situación de identidades colectivas de consumo con consecuencias no deseadas, mostramos dos situaciones alternativas para la enseñanza de la historia. Ambas son útiles para el proceso educativo, dependiendo de qué entendamos por historia y en qué centremos su utilidad.
Histórias, línguas e culturas dos povos indígenas em Mato Grosso do Sul: entrevista com Graciela Chamorro
Authors: Nichnig Claudia Regina , Chamorro Graciela
Published: April 2021

Graciela Chamorro é uma das referências nos estudos sobre os povos falantes de línguas guarani, com uma vasta produção em livros, artigos, exposições e outras performances artísticas sobre a história, cosmologia e língua desses povos. É doutora em Teologia, pela Escola Superior de Teologia, de São Leopoldo/RS, e em Filosofia, pela Philipps Universitaet, de Marburgo Alemanha, e desde 1983 mantém contato com os povos Guarani e Kaiowá de Mato Grosso do Sul. Ao se aposentar como professora de História Indígena da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – FCH/UFGD, passou a ministrar na mesma cidade, cursos de Língua e Cultura Guarani, na Associação Cultural CASULO. A professora me convidou pessoalmente a participar de um de seus cursos, quando tive a oportunidade de pisar pela primeira vez em uma terra tradicional indígena, numa das áreas de retomada de Guarani e Kaiowá na região da grande Dourados. A visita me transformou não só como pessoa, mas também mudou os rumos de minha vida como pesquisadora. Por isso quero compartilhar com vocês o conhecimento e a força das palavras de Graciela, que me inspiraram e por certo servirão de inspiração para outras pessoas.  Esta entrevista é um projeto da disciplina Teoria da História do Tempo Presente, Teoria e Historiografia, ministrada pelo professor Rogério Rosa Rodrigues.
Perioperativna uporaba medicinske hipnoze
Authors: Markovič Božič Jasmina , Spindler Vesel Alenka
Published: April 2021

Perioperativni čustveni stres je za bolnika slaba izkušnja, ki ima negativne posledice. Zmanjšamo ga lahko s farmakološkimi ali nefarmakološkimi metodami. Medicinska hipnoza je nefarmakološka metoda, ki zmanjša perioperativni stres in bolečino. Hipnosedacija je anestezijska tehnika, pri kateri se medicinska hipnoza uporablja kot dodatek k lokalni ali področni anesteziji ob sedaciji ali analgeziji. Izboljša udobje med posegom, zmanjša občutek tesnobe, bolečine, porabo anksiolitikov in analgetikov, izboljša pogoje za operacijo in skrajša čas okrevanja. Uporablja se le pri določenih kirurških posegih in pri izbranih bolnikih. Multimodalna strategija zdravljenja vključuje tako farmakološke kot nefarmakološke pristope. Medicinska hipnoza se lahko uporablja kot sredstvo, ki učinkovito dopolnjuje perioperativno zdravljenje.
Zanesljivost preiskav, ki se izvajajo pred operacijo, za načrtovanje zdravljenja raka endometrija v UKC Ljubljana
Authors: Jakopič Maček Katja , Krajec Maja , Verdenik Ivan
Published: April 2021

Izhodišča: Slovenska priporočila za obravnavo bolnic z rakom endometrija svetujejo različen obseg preiskav za kirurško oceno o napredovanju bolezni glede dileme, ali ob standardni odstranitvi maternice s priveski opustiti limfadenktomijo oz. opraviti zgolj biopsijo varovalne bezgavke, ali pa opraviti kompletno pelvično in paraaortno limfadenektomijo glede na stopnjo tveganja za širjenje bolezni zunaj maternice. Bolnice razvrstimo v različne skupine glede tveganja na podlagi histološkega gradusa po biopsiji maternice ter glede na slikovno oceno razširjenosti bolezni (magnetno resonančno slikanje ali ekspertna ultrazvočna preiskava). V Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Ljubljana smo leta 2015 uvedli ekspertno ultrazvočno preiskavo (TVUZ) za oceno razširjenosti rakavih bolezni. Naš namen je bil oceniti zanesljivost preiskav, ki jih opravimo ob diagnozi raka endometrija v UKC Ljubljana pred operacijo.

Metode: Pregledali smo dokumentacijo 79 bolnic s histološko potrjenim rakom endometrija, ki so opravile TVUZ od januarja 2016 do septembra 2017. Histološko diagnozo pred posegom in oceno razrasta (invazije) s TVUZ v miometrij in stromo materničnega vratu smo primerjali s končnim histološkim izvidom.

Rezultati: Ultrazvočna ocena razrasta (invazije) raka v miometrij je imela 76 % (95 % IZ, 58 – 89 %) občutljivost in 81 % (95 % IZ, 67 – 91 %) specifičnost. Ultrazvočna ocena razrasta raka (invazije) v stromo materničnega vratu je imela 54,5 % (95 % IZ, 23 – 83 %) občutljivost in 75 % (95 % IZ, 63 – 85 %) specifičnost. Ocena histološke stopnje diferenciacije je bila po operaciji višja (angl. upgrading) v 11,3 %, nižja (angl. downgrading) pa v 7,5 %. Ocena ujemanja preiskav pred operacijo z dokončnim izvidom z uporabo koeficienta kappa je bila za histopatološko preiskavo 0,699, za razrast v miometrij 0,564 in za razrast v stromo materničnega vratu 0,203. Ena bolnica je prestala na osnovi izvidov pred operacijo preobsežno zamejitveno operacijo; ostale pa so bile ustrezno kirurško obravnavane.

Zaključki: Kot najbolj zanesljiva se je izkazala patohistološka preiskava, sledi ji ultrazvočna ocena razrasta (invazije) v miometrij, medtem ko je bila ultrazvočna ocena razrasta (invazije) v stromo materničnega vratu manj zanesljiva.
EL ŠAYḪ ESTÁ RODEADO DE ÁNGELES Y GENIOS. UN ESTUDIO SOBRE LOS SERES INTERMEDIALES EN EL SUFISMO PULAR
Authors: De Diego González Antonio
Published: April 2021

Resumen: El sufismo del Sahel posee una gran riqueza simbólica. Las elaboradas cosmologías del sufismo akbariano, en el que se inspira el neo-sufismo, se entremezclan con tradiciones milenarias donde el genio (ǧinn) y el ángel (malak) conviven con los humanos como otrora lo hacían los espíritus naturales y los ancestros. Este texto esboza, desde el trabajo de campo y las fuentes escritas, una aproximación a una lectura simbólica de las relaciones entre humanos, ángeles y genios en el sufismo de la etnia pular y, en concreto, en la experiencia y la narrativa del maestro sufí senegalés Thierno Ḥassan Dem.
Abstract: The Sufism of the Sahel has a great symbolic richness. The elaborate cosmologies of Akbarian Sufism, in which neo-Sufism is inspired, are interspersed with millenary traditions where the genius (ǧinn) and the angel (malak) coexist with humans as once the natural spirits and ancestors did. This paper outlines, from the fieldwork and the written sources, an approach to a symbolic reading of the relations between humans, angels and geniuses in the Sufism of the Fulani people. This study focuses, mainly, in the experience and narratives of the Senegalese Sufi master Thierno Ḥassan Dem.
UN VIAJE A TRAVÉS DEL WAṢL Y EL FAṢL. MUJER Y SEXUALIDAD EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE IBN ῾ARABĪ
Authors: Youssry Heba
Published: April 2021

Resumen: El ser humano está en continua búsqueda de un lugar y una orientación dentro de un mundo que, supuestamente, es su morada. Este ha sido designado por Dios como Su vicerregente (jalīfa), es decir, su representante en la Tierra. Este artículo aborda la concepción de la mujer y la realización del papel de vicerregente por medio de la participación en la relación sexual dentro del marco del matrimonio, como un modo particular de ser, y como actividad física y metafísica necesaria para la existencia humana que posibilita a los seres humanos alcanzar la proximidad con la Presencia Divina. Para ello, se investigará la discusión planteada por Ibn ῾Arabī en su Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam en la que se analiza el dicho profético “Se me han hecho amar tres cosas en este mundo: las mujeres, el perfume y la oración como solaz de los ojos".
Abstract: The human being is in a constant struggle to find a place, an orientation for him/herself within a world that is supposedly an abode. He/she was assigned by God to be a vicegerent (khalīfa), a representative of Him on earth. This paper aims to tackle the conception of women and the fulfillment of the role of a vicegerent through human participation in sexual intercourse within the framework of marriage as a particular mode of being, and as recurring physical and metaphysical activity pertinent to human existence which could allow human beings to rise to the proximity of the Divine presence. This will be accomplished through investigating; Ibn ʿArabī’s discussion of those activities in his book Fuṣūṣ al-Ḫikam, where he analyzes the prophetic saying: “Three things were made beloved to me in this world of yours: women, perfume and the solace of my eye was made in prayer”.
IL-33 promotes innate lymphoid cell-dependent IFN-γ production required for innate immunity to Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Clark Joseph T , Christian David A , Gullicksrud Jodi A , Perry Joseph A , Park Jeongho , Jacquet Maxime , Tarrant James C , Radaelli Enrico , Silver Jonathan , Hunter Christopher A
Published: April 2021

IL-33 is an alarmin required for resistance to the parasiteToxoplasma gondii, but its role in innate resistance to this organism is unclear. Infection withT. gondiipromotes increased stromal cell expression of IL-33, and levels of parasite replication correlate with release of IL-33 in affected tissues. In response to infection, a subset of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) emerges composed of IL-33R+NK cells and ILC1s. InRag1−/−mice, where NK cells and ILC1 production of IFN-γ mediate innate resistance toT. gondii, the loss of the IL-33R resulted in reduced ILC responses and increased parasite replication. Furthermore, administration of IL-33 toRag1−/−mice resulted in a marked decrease in parasite burden, increased production of IFN-γ, and the recruitment and expansion of inflammatory monocytes associated with parasite control. These protective effects of exogenous IL-33 were dependent on endogenous IL-12p40 and the ability of IL-33 to enhance ILC production of IFN-γ. These results highlight that IL-33 synergizes with IL-12 to promote ILC-mediated resistance toT. gondii.
Downregulation of both mismatch repair and non-homologous end-joining pathways in hypoxic brain tumour cell lines
Authors: Cowman Sophie , Pizer Barry , Sée Violaine
Published: April 2021

Glioblastoma, a grade IV astrocytoma, has a poor survival rate in part due to ineffective treatment options available. These tumours are heterogeneous with areas of low oxygen levels, termed hypoxic regions. Many intra-cellular signalling pathways, including DNA repair, can be altered by hypoxia. Since DNA damage induction and subsequent activation of DNA repair mechanisms is the cornerstone of glioblastoma treatment, alterations to DNA repair mechanisms could have a direct influence on treatment success. Our aim was to elucidate the impact of chronic hypoxia on DNA repair gene expression in a range of glioblastoma cell lines. We adopted a NanoString transcriptomic approach to examine the expression of 180 DNA repair-related genes in four classical glioblastoma cell lines (U87-MG, U251-MG, D566-MG, T98G) exposed to 5 days of normoxia (21% O2), moderate (1% O2) or severe (0.1% O2) hypoxia. We observed altered gene expression in several DNA repair pathways including homologous recombination repair, non-homologous end-joining and mismatch repair, with hypoxia primarily resulting in downregulation of gene expression. The extent of gene expression changes was dependent on hypoxic severity. Some, but not all, of these downregulations were directly under the control of HIF activity. For example, the downregulation of LIG4, a key component of non-homologous end-joining, was reversed upon inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In contrast, the downregulation of the mismatch repair gene, PMS2, was not affected by HIF inhibition. This suggests that numerous molecular mechanisms lead to hypoxia-induced reprogramming of the transcriptional landscape of DNA repair. Whilst the global impact of hypoxia on DNA repair gene expression is likely to lead to genomic instability, tumorigenesis and reduced sensitivity to anti-cancer treatment, treatment re-sensitising might require additional approaches to a simple HIF inhibition.
Mycophenolate suppresses inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthases: a study of molecular and experimental drug repurposing
Authors: Al-Hizab Fahad , Kandeel Mahmoud
Published: April 2021

Mycophenolate mofetil is an established anti-proliferative and immune-suppressive agent that minimizes the proliferation of inflammatory cells by interfering with nucleic acid synthesis. Herein, we report our discovery of the prostaglandin inhibiting properties of MMF, which offers new applications for the drug in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The estimated values of IC50MMFCOX-1, IC50MMFCOX-2, and IC50MMF5-LOX were 5.53, 0.19, and 4.47 µM, respectively. In contrast, mycophenolic acid (MPA) showed slightly stronger inhibition: IC50MPACOX-1, IC50MPACOX-2, and IC50MPA5-LOX were 4.62, 0.14, and 4.49 µM, respectively. These results indicate that MMF and MPA are, respectively, 28.6 and 33 times more selective for cyclooxygenase-2 than for cyclooxygenase-1, which implies that MMF would have less impact on the gastric mucosa than most nonselective, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Furthermore, MMF provided dose-dependent relief of acute inflammation in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test, with results comparable to those of celecoxib and indomethacin. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the MMF bond with COX-2 was stable, as evidenced by a low root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions, complementary per-residue root-mean-square fluctuation, and 0–4 hydrogen bonds during the 50-ns simulation time. Therefore, MMF provides immune-suppressing, cyclooxygenase-inhibiting, and inflammation-relieving properties. Our results indicate that MMF can be 1) repositioned for inflammation treatment without the need for further expensive clinical trials, 2) used for local acute inflammations, and 3) used as a sparing agent for other steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory medications, especially in topical applications.
Expectativas sobre la transición desde la educación básica a la educación media de estudiantes de contextos de vulnerabilidad social
Authors:   Universidad de O'Higgins (Chile), Gómez Vera Gabriela , Rivas Muena Marlene ,   Universidad de O'Higgins (Chile)
Published: April 2021

Este estudio aborda las perspectivas de jóvenes, familiares, docentes y directivos que acompañan el proceso de transición desde la educación primaria a la secundaria de estudiantes de octavo año básico en establecimientos de alta vulnerabilidad social. Se analizan el rol y las expectativas de los actores que acompañan esta transición, así como las expectativas de los propios jóvenes y sus familias. Se entrevistaron 32 jóvenes, así como las madres de 12 de ellos, docentes y directivos. Los análisis muestran que, más allá de su rendimiento, todos los estudiantes esperan completar la educación secundaria e integrarse exitosamente en el mundo laboral. El referente casi exclusivo de los jóvenes son sus familias; los docentes y otros actores del establecimiento escolar están ausentes de sus relatos. Los directivos y docentes, por su parte, tienen bajas expectativas respecto del futuro educativo de los estudiantes de octavo año, y consideran que se trata de un nivel en el que tienen pocas posibilidades de impactar. En este contexto, los jóvenes viven la transición a la educación media con escaso acompañamiento por parte de los establecimientos, lo que, sumado a las bajas expectativas, supone una situación que pone en riesgo el éxito de esta transición.
Del determinismo a la agencia: relatos de estudiantes egresados de enseñanza media técnico profesional que acceden a la universidad
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Maule (Chile), Concha Saldías Claudia Mónica , Sánchez Sánchez Gerardo Ignacio ,   Universidad Católica del Maule (Chile), Schilling Lara Caroll Alejandra ,   Universidad Católica del Maule (Chile)
Published: April 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito aportar a la compresión de la experiencia educativa de egresados de la enseñanza media técnico profesional que cursan estudios en tres universidades regionales del Consejo de Rectores de Chile. A través de sus relatos, se muestra cómo, a pesar de las trayectorias de pobreza que vivencian, sortean el determinismo que pesa sobre su origen social y logran ingresar a la universidad. Metodológicamente, se recurrió a un diseño cualitativo: mediante 32 entrevistas episódicas, se indaga en la experiencia de la educación técnico profesional e integración académica y social en la universidad. Los resultados revelan la presencia de una narrativa colectiva, respecto de la precariedad de la formación recibida durante la enseñanza media y la presión que ejerce el habitus familiar y escolar por la incorporación temprana al mundo laboral. Superando el determinismo, los jóvenes exhiben una capacidad de agencia al desplegar diversas estrategias para su ingreso y permanencia en la universidad.
La maestra de educación infantil en sus primeros años de trabajo: de la formación inicial al ejercicio de la profesión
Authors:   Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile), Robinson Seisdedos María Soledad , Tejada Fernández José ,   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España, Blanch Gelabert Sílvia ,   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Published: April 2021

En el proceso de construcción de la identidad profesional de la maestra de educación infantil incide la dimensión ejercicio profesional en sus primeros años de trabajo, que afecta no solo al proceso de construcción identitaria, sino también a su inserción laboral. El artículo expone las complejidades a las que se enfrentan las maestras de educación infantil en sus primeras experiencias laborales. Se trata de una investigación en la que el método utilizado es un estudio de caso múltiple, con características biográficas narrativas, aplicado a nueve educadoras en educación infantil tituladas de la misma universidad. Los resultados evidencian las siguientes complejidades: las necesidades de apoyo de la educadora principiante, que se transforman en un factor clave para su inserción; los aprendizajes significativos que contribuyen en su desarrollo profesional; las condiciones laborales que influyen de manera directa en el quehacer pedagógico, y las situaciones laborales complejas vividas con actores de la comunidad educativa. Los resultados permiten constatar que la inserción laboral está condicionada fundamentalmente por la experiencia de las educadoras principiantes, el apoyo entregado por la institución educativa de la cual forma parte, y la reflexión que realiza de este proceso que, a su vez, contribuye a la construcción de su identidad profesional.
El panorama actual de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) de México
Authors: Reyna Rojas Mario Alberto , Saldaña fernández Maria Cristina , García Flores Alejandro , Monroy Ortiz Columba , Valenzuela Aguilera Alfonso , Valenzuela Galván David
Published: April 2021

El panorama actual de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) de México. En México se diseñaron las ANP como una estrategia de conservación. Sin embargo, se plantearon desde una perspectiva económico-ambiental en las últimas tres décadas, apoyándose en la institucionalización de derechos de propiedad privada y libertad de comercio, ponderando al mercado como vía ideal para optimizar el aprovechamiento y explotación de la naturaleza. Con el objetivo fue analizar la situación de las ANP ante el cambio de uso de suelo deribado de la modificación de la legislación ambiental y la implementación de leyes que promueven actividades económicas y el crecimento urbano en México, se analizaron cartográficamente el incremento anual y las condiciones territoriales como el uso de suelo y vegetación de las ANP de méxico, así como las modificaciones de las áreas urbanas, agrícolas y conservadas, demostrando que las ANP sostienen una oferta territorial para el mantenimiento de actividades económicas, causantes de la reducción de sus espacios conservados.
Heterogeneidad en las respuestas demográficas asociadas al gradiente altitudinal: el caso de las mariposas en el noreste ibérico
Authors: Ubach Permanyer Andreu , Páramo Ferrán , Stefanescu Bonet Constantí
Published: April 2021

Los impactos del cambio global sobre la biodiversidad muestran con frecuencia heterogeneidad de respuestas a nivel espacial. Los programas de ciencia ciudadana como el Catalan Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (CBMS) permiten estudiar el estado de las poblaciones de mariposas a largo plazo y en amplias escalas espaciales, y entender así los motores de cambio global que las afectan. En este trabajo se han calculado, utilizando una nueva metodología, las tendencias de un centenar de especies con los datos del CBMS para tres regiones climáticas: alpina, mediterránea húmeda y mediterránea árida. Se han comparado las tendencias de algunas especies comunes entre regiones, así como la relación de dichas tendencias con las características ecológicas de las especies. También se ha estudiado la evolución y cambios de índices ecológicos a nivel de comunidad a partir de transectos de la región alpina con series temporales largas. Los resultados muestran que en las tres regiones el porcentaje de especies en declive supera el de especies en incremento, aunque las comparaciones se han hecho mayormente con especies generalistas y probablemente subestiman el declive que pueden estar experimentando las especies raras. Para las especies comunes, las regresiones han sido más severas en la región mediterránea árida que en la región alpina. En esta última región no se ha encontrado una relación entre las tendencias poblacionales y los índices ecológicos de las especies, pero por el contrario sí se detectan cambios significativos de diferentes índices de la comunidad a nivel local, como resultado principalmente de procesos de abandono del pastoreo y el avance de especies termófilas hacia mayores altitudes.
Activity of α-amylase Produced by Aspergillus niger at Different pH, Temperature and Incubation Time Using Solid-state Fermentation Process of Corn and Wheat Wastes
Authors: Makeri Musa Sale , Bala Muntari , Wante Solomon Peter , Bitrus Kwaya Vawanje , Aliyu Habiba Usman
Published: April 2021

In Nigeria, agro by-products have not been fully utilized by many and often discarded at the dumping site. This anthropogenic activity is contributing to an increase in pollution and is a threat to public health. Environmental sustainability requires the wise use of resources that include agro by-products. Therefore, there is a need to utilize the agro by-product for the production of enzymes such as α-amylase. α -amylase is one of the important extracellular enzymes with several uses. The development of suitable technology to produce enzymes at a very lower cost is significant. The solid-state fermentation (SSF) process using corn and wheat wastes as a substrate have been utilized. In this study, Aspergillus niger from abattoir effluent was identified, isolated and used for the production of an enzyme (α-amylase). The study evaluated the effect of temperature, pH and incubation period on the activities of α-amylase produced by Aspergillus niger. The activity of α-amylase was found to be higher at pH 6.5 and temperature above 50oC. At 4 days incubation of the solid-state fermentation of corn and wheat wastes, α-amylase activities produced were 90.61 Unit/mL and 87.34 Unit/mL respectively. Also in this study, 3-dimensional presentation of the pH, temperature and incubation time were evaluated. The result presented an optimal condition for amylase activity produced by Aspergillus niger.
Evaluation of Anticancer Action of Martynia annua Linn Root Extract on Different Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Gupta Rahul Kumar , Rathi Renu Bharat
Published: April 2021

Background: In the last few decades, plants have been playing a vital role in treating cancer and infectious diseases. Natural products have been rediscovered as effective methods of drug production amid advances in combinatorial chemistry. Roots of Martynia annua are being used as a folklore remedy for the treatment of cancer and rheumatism successfully.

Aims of the Study: In the present study, ethanolic, aqueous and hydro-ethanolic root extracts of Martynia annua were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity activity using different cell lines.

Settings and Design: In the experiment, lung cancer cell lines (A549), leukemia cancer cell lines (K562), oral cancer cell lines (SCC-40), breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) & cervix cancer cell lines (SiHa) were studied on the extracts.

Materials and Methods: The method used was Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay technique in which growth inhibition of 50% (GI50) was analyzed by comparing it with standard drug Adriamycin (ADR) (doxorubicin).

Results: Aqueous & ethanolic extract of Martynia annua root had shown high anticancer activity with GI50 value 11.3µg/ml and 20.4µg/ml respectively on human leukemia cell line K-562 but for human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human lung cancer cell line A-549, human squamous cell carcinoma SCC-40 and human cervical cancer cell line SiHa the extracts showed activity in more than 80µg/ml.

Conclusion: The anticancer activity of aqueous extract of Martynia annua root was found superior than the ethanolic extract in Human Leukemia Cell Line K-562. The study indicates that the Martynia annua root extracts are most effective against the fast proliferative cells (Leukemic cells) and possibly a cell cycle arrest (needed to be proved as future perspective) is the mode of action of the extract. To study its effect on targeted cancers, specific in vivo scientific studies and clinical trials should be carried out by further researchers.