bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fibro‐ and cyto‐architecture demarcating the border between the dentate gyrus and CA3 in sheep (Ovis aries) and domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)
Authors: Blackstad Jan Sigurd , Osen Kirsten K. , Leergaard Trygve B.
Published: August 2022

The hippocampal formation is essential for spatial navigation and episodic memory. The anatomical structure is largely similar across mammalian species, apart from the deep polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus and the adjacent part of cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) which feature substantial variations. In rodents, the polymorphic layer has a triangular cross‐section abutting on the end of the CA3 pyramidal layer, while in primates it is long and band‐shaped capping the expanded CA3 end, which here lacks a distinct pyramidal layer. This structural variation has resulted in a confusing nomenclature and unclear anatomical criteria for the definition of the dentate‐ammonic border. Seeking to clarify the border, we present here a light microscopic investigation based on Golgi‐impregnated and Timm–thionin‐stained sections of the Artiodactyla sheep and domestic pig, in which the dentate gyrus and CA3 end have some topographical features in common with primates. In short, the band‐shaped polymorphic layer coincides with the Timm‐positive mossy fiber collateral plexus and the Timm‐negative subgranular zone. While the soma and excrescence‐covered proximal dendrites of the mossy cells are localized within the plexus, the peripheral mossy cell dendrites extend outside the plexus, both into the granular and molecular layers, and the CA3. The main mossy fibers leave the collateral plexus in a scattered formation to converge gradually through the CA3 end in between the dispersed pyramidal cells, which are of three subtypes, as in monkey, with the classical apical subtype dominating near the hidden blade, the nonapical subtype near the exposed blade, and the dentate subtype being the only pyramidal cells that extend dendrites into the dentate gyrus. In agreement with our previous study in mink, the findings show that the border between the dentate gyrus and the CA3 end can be more accurately localized by the mossy fiber system than by cyto‐architecture alone.
Numerical analysis of viscoelastic Maxwell fluid flow through a radiative axisymmetric semi‐porous channel
Authors: Khalid Samra , Zia Qazi M. Z. , Shehzad Sabir A. , Nadeem Aamir
Published: August 2022

The non‐Newtonian fluids have abundant implications in versatile fields of chemical, mechanical, and biological engineering. Furthermore, the non‐Newtonian fluids flowing through the porous medium are very useful in petroleum and industrial engineering. Heat transport analysis with radiation has major appliances in fusion reactors, heat exchangers, solar energy, aircrafts engines, turbine cooling, and many others. Having all these important appliances in view, the present study is focused on the heat transfer analysis of an incompressible two‐dimensional viscoelastic magnetohydrodynamic Maxwell non‐Newtonian liquid flow in a porous space. The magnetic field is uniformly applied tangential to the flow direction and the lower‐channel wall is heated by induction as a consequence of the Lorentz force. The effect of thermal radiation is taken to foresee the physical occurrence of heat kinetics from an applied point of view. Similarity transformation is considered in reducing the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and a numerical solution is computed using the shooting technique. The results obtained are compared with the published literature. The effects of flow quantities are illustrated graphically and analyzed with physical meaning. In view of engineering applications, the effects of Reynolds on skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are presented.
Scrutiny of convective MHD second‐grade fluid flow within two alternatively conducting vertical surfaces with Hall current and induced magnetic field
Authors: Singh Jitendra K. , Hanumantha  , Seth Gauri S.
Published: August 2022

The focus of this paper is to examine the heat and mass transport behavior of transient magnetohydrodynamics second‐grade fluid (elastico‐viscous fluid) flow within a vertical channel bounding the porous regime with the Hall phenomenon and induced magnetic field (IMF). The flow system consists of a strong transverse magnetic field that gives rise to the Hall phenomenon and IMF. The right vertical surface of the channel is conducting and oscillations in its plane in the vertical direction while the left vertical surface of the channel is nonconducting and stationary. The suitable dimensionless setup transforms the flow model into a simplified comparable model which is solved analytically with the assistance of the method of separation of variables. Numerical computation is performed with the aid of MATHEMATICA software to explore the results from the analytical solutions. The results of the investigation are helpful in analyzing the nature of the elastic‐viscous fluids. A noteworthy result noted from the investigation is that there appears a reverse flow in the direction of normal flow when the magnetic interaction parameter is large. For the small magnetic interaction parameter, such a flow is not seen. Hall current reduces the strength of the principal IMF and induces the strength of the secondary generated magnetic field. Furthermore, it is explored that the elastico‐viscous nature of the second‐grade fluid has a tendency of enhancing the principal flow and principal‐produced magnetic field.
Significance of Casson dissipative fluid and spanwise cosinusoidally fluctuating temperature on unsteady MHD free convective flow past a hot vertical permeable plate with radiation absorption and chemical reaction
Authors: Rajakumar K. V. B. , Murthy P. P. , Govinda Rao T. , Ranganath N.
Published: August 2022

The current analysis concentrated on the consequence of Casson dissipative fluid and spanwise consinusoidally fluctuation temperature on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics free convective flow past a moving hot vertical permeable plate with heat generation, radiation absorption, and chemical reaction. It has imperative practical applications in plentiful fields like physiological processes, biomedical science, food processing, pharmaceutical, chemical material processing engineering, manufacturing systems, and so on. The governing partial differential equations are evaluated analytically by employing a multiple regular perturbation method. The influence of assortment physical estimators on fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number was illustrated quantitatively through graphs. Eventually, it was revealed that velocity, concentration, and Sherwood number declined with the progressive values of the chemical reaction parameter. Velocity and temperature were enhanced with incremental values of Prandtl number, while the contradictory impact occurred in Nusselt number and skin friction. Meanwhile, velocity and skin friction lessened with the incremental values of the magnetic parameter and Casson fluid parameter.
Drug delivery system based on nanobubbles
Authors: Jin Juan , Yang Li , Chen Feng , Gu Ning
Published: August 2022

Ultrasound (US) medical technology is widely used due to its advantages of safety, speed, and low cost. With the rapid development of biomedical nanotechnology, micro/nanobubbles, as US contrast agents, are not only valuable in US imaging diagnosis but also show broad application prospects in drug delivery. Nanobubbles (NBs) have more advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their smaller size and longer circulation time compared with microbubbles. In this review, the fundamentals of NBs, including classification, stability mechanism, and preparation methods are summarized. Then, the strategies of a DDS based on NBs, including direct delivery, codelivery, target delivery, and stimuli‐responsive delivery are reviewed and discussed. The three main applications of NBs‐based DDSs, namely tumor theranostics, brain drug delivery, and vascular disease theranostics were highlighted. The challenges and future directions of the NBs‐based DDSs are also considered and discussed.
Immunotherapy with anti‐GD2 monoclonal antibody in infants with high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Kushner Brian H. , Modak Shakeel , Kramer Kim , Basu Ellen M. , Iglesias‐Cardenas Fiorella , Roberts Stephen S. , Cheung Nai‐Kong V.
Published: August 2022

Anti‐GD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) improve the prognosis of high‐risk neuroblastoma (HR‐NB). Worldwide experience almost exclusively involves toddlers and older patients treated after multimodality or second‐line therapies, that is, many months postdiagnosis. In contrast, at our center, infants received anti‐GD2 mAbs because this immunotherapy started during or immediately after induction chemotherapy. We now report on the feasibility, safety, and long‐term survival in this vulnerable age group. Thirty‐three HR‐NB patients were <19 months old when started on 3F8 (murine mAb; n = 21) or naxitamab (humanized‐3F8; n = 12), with 30″ to 90″ intravenous infusions. Patients received analgesics and antihistamines. Common toxicities (pain, urticaria, cough) were manageable, allowing outpatient treatment. Capillary leak, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and mAb‐related long‐term toxicities did not occur. Two 3F8 cycles were aborted due to bradycardia (a preexisting condition) and asthmatic symptoms, respectively. One patient received ½ dose of Day 1 naxitamab because of hypotension; full doses were subsequently administered. Post‐mAb treatments included chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti‐NB vaccine. Among 3F8 patients, 17/21 are in complete remission off all treatment at 5.6+ to 24.1+ (median 13.4+) years from diagnosis. Among naxitamab patients, 10/12 remain relapse‐free post‐mAb at 1.7+ to 4.3+ (median 3.1+) years from diagnosis. Toxicity was similar with short outpatient infusions and matched that observed with these and other anti‐GD2 mAbs in older patients. These findings were reassuring given that naxitamab is dosed >2.5× higher (~270 mg/m2/cycle) than 3F8, dinutuximab, and dinutuximab beta (70‐100 mg/m2/cycle). HR‐NB in infants proved to be highly curable.
The prenatal video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for expectant fathers (VIPP‐PRE): Two case studies
Authors: de Waal Noor , Alyousefi‐van Dijk Kim , Buisman Renate S. M. , Verhees Martine W. F. T. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J.
Published: August 2022

Although parenting interventions including expectant fathers are scarce, they yield promising results. The Prenatal Video‐feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting (VIPP‐PRE) is a recently developed intervention, that is both manualized and personalized, aiming to enhance paternal sensitivity and involvement before the birth of the baby. Illustrating the intervention process, the current study presents two case studies of expectant fathers receiving VIPP‐PRE (clinical trial registration NL62696.058.17). The VIPP‐PRE program is described along with the individual dyads’ prenatal video fragments and feedback specific for each father‐fetus dyad. In addition, changes in paternal sensitivity and involvement levels are presented, as well as fathers’ and intervener's evaluation of the intervention. VIPP‐PRE promises to be a feasible short‐term and potentially effective parenting intervention for expectant fathers. Currently, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is under review that systematically investigates the efficacy of the VIPP‐PRE. Here we aim to provide further information on the intervention process, as well as fathers’ and intervener's evaluations of this process, and the benefits of using ultrasound imaging in a parenting intervention.
Does foreign aid reduce the country's risk of OFDI? The Chinese experience
Authors: Wang Haijun , Yang Hu , Li Fengya , Zhang Min
Published: August 2022

Using a sample of 124 countries assisted by China from 2000 to 2019, this paper examines the impact of foreign aid on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and the mitigation mechanism of risk. The research finds that, first, foreign aid can significantly reduce the country risk of recipient countries, especially political risk and financial risk, and thus play a role in promoting the inflow of OFDI of donor countries, and there is a lagged effect of this role; Second, foreign aid from other countries has a negative impact on China's OFDI to recipient countries, indicating that foreign aid is nonaltruistic and exclusive; Third, the mitigation effect of foreign aid on country risk is achieved through five channels: compensation effect, synergistic effect, pioneer effect, assimilation effect, and redistribution effects.
Synthesis of nano‐sized TiO2/SiO2 cenospheres for the application in high‐performance solar thermal reflective coatings
Authors: Liu Chao Hui , Lin Hong Ping
Published: August 2022

In this study, we provided a designed TiO2 coating and hydrothermal treatment to synthesize nano‐sized TiO2/SiO2 cenospheres (TSCSs) with a rough surface for the application in the solar thermal reflective coating. Various functions of the TSCSs are present, the chemical composition causing significant UVA absorption, hollow interiors have high reflectance of the visible‐IR radiation, and strong scattering of incident light. In addition, the low thermal conductivity of TiO2, SiO2, and the hollow interiors makes the coatings of TSCSs achieve a good thermal insulation. The average infrared reflectance of this coating is 89.61%, and the UVA transmission is only about 22.81%.In addition, the coatings of TSCSs also demonstrate good water resistance on the glass slide due to the closure shell and rough surface to prevent water from entering the pore and cavity.
Differences in suicide risk correlates and history of suicide ideation and attempts as a function of disability type
Authors: Khazem Lauren R. , Pearlstien Jennifer G. , Anestis Michael D. , Gratz Kim L. , Tull Matthew T. , Bryan Craig J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Disability status is associated with correlates of suicide risk (perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, negative future disposition, felt stigma, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts).

Aims

This study aimed to examine whether suicide‐related correlates differ significantly as a function of disability type.

Methods

Individuals with mobility and vision disabilities (N = 102) completed semistructured interviews and online‐based questionnaires. Analysis of variance/analysis of covaiance and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to examine whether mean levels of suicide‐related correlates differed significantly between individuals with blindness/low vision (n = 63) versus mobility‐related (n = 39) disabilities.

Results

No significant between‐group differences were observed for most outcomes; however, individuals with vision disabilities reported higher mean levels of felt stigma and positive future disposition than those with mobility‐related disabilities.

Limitations

The limited representation of disabilities among participants precludes generalization to individuals with other forms of disability and the cross‐sectional design prevents inference about causality.

Conclusions

Interventions targeting cognitive processes that underlie suicide risk may be applicable to people with mobility and vision disabilities.
急性電撃性紫斑病を合併し，急激な致死的経過をたどった日本紅斑熱の1例(A rare case of Japanese spotted fever complicated by acute purpura fulminans with rapid fatal course)
Authors: (Sho Jinnin) 神人 将 , (Hiroshi Fukuma) 福間 博 , (Shingo Adachi) 安達 晋吾 , (Shota Nakao) 中尾 彰太 , (Tetsuya Matsuoka) 松岡 哲也
Published: August 2022

症例は既往のない62歳の男性。登山の8日後から悪寒戦慄，発熱，倦怠感を自覚した後に前医を受診し，敗血症性ショックの診断で当院へ転院搬送となった。身体所見ではダニ咬傷を疑わせる左下腿の痂皮に加えて，両下肢の紫斑および体幹部の紅斑がみられ，血液検査では血小板減少・CRPおよび肝酵素の上昇を認めた。病歴と理学所見から日本紅斑熱を想定し，minocycline，levofloxacin，meropenemでの加療を開始した。来院直後から急激に紫斑が全身に進展するとともに，播種性血管内凝固症候群を認めたため，急性感染性電撃性紫斑病と診断した。入院20時間後に，来院時に採取した創部および血液の検体で行ったPCR検査で日本紅斑熱の診断が確定した。人工呼吸器・持続腎代替療法などの集中治療を行ったが，入院翌日に多臓器不全で死亡した。日本紅斑熱は，一般的には適切な抗菌薬治療が奏功する比較的予後の良い疾患として知られている。急性感染性電撃性紫斑病を呈する日本紅斑熱の報告は極めて稀であり，来院後早期の治療介入にも関わらず急激に致死的な経過をたどる症例を経験した。日本紅斑熱は発症後早期に治療介入しなければならない疾患であり，日本紅斑熱の危険性について広く周知し，病歴や理学所見から早期に疑うことが重要である。
難治性徐脈より心肺停止を呈し体外循環導入にて救命し得たカルバマゼピン中毒の1例(A case of carbamazepine intoxication with cardiopulmonary arrest caused by intractable bradycardia that was treated with extracorporeal circulation)
Authors: (Yoshimi Nakamichi) 中道 嘉 , (Ryo Ichibayashi) 一林 亮 , (Masayuki Watanabe) 渡辺 雅之 , (Ginga Suzuki) 鈴木 銀河 , (Hibiki Serizawa) 芹澤 響 , (Saki Yamamoto) 山本 咲 , (Mitsuru Honda) 本多 満
Published: August 2022

カルバマゼピンは抗てんかん薬で，中毒症状としてめまいや意識障害，不整脈が認められることが多い。カルバマゼピン過量服薬から徐脈性不整脈，心肺停止に至り体外循環を導入し救命した症例を経験した。症例は54歳の女性，既往に統合失調症がある。搬送当日，朝から希死念慮のためカルバマゼピンを過量服薬し，自宅で倒れているところを発見した家族が救急要請した。病院到着後に徐脈から心停止に移行した。心拍再開したが薬剤抵抗性の徐脈を認めたためVA–ECMOを導入した。入院4日目にVA–ECMOを離脱，10日目に人工呼吸器を離脱し35日目に退院となった。カルバマゼピンはナトリウムチャネルブロックの作用を有しており，催不整脈作用を有する。過量服薬時の徐脈性不整脈は治療抵抗性のため，循環不全もしくは心停止に至る症例ではVA–ECMOの導入が効果的であることが示唆された。
Australian medical imaging and world war one
Authors: Barclay Luke C. , Mandarano Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Twenty years after the birth of medical imaging from Röntgen's 1895 discovery, military authorities understood the advantage of visualising injuries of wounded soldiers and monitoring their treatment. In World War One, medical imaging equipment was difficult to use and had to be operated in challenging environments. The most common use of x‐rays was the imaging of metallic foreign bodies such as bullets and shrapnel lodged within a soldier's body. The need to diagnose, manage war injuries and return soldiers to battle, led to medical imaging innovations including alternate means to record an image, better x‐ray tubes and an early form of tomography. Such technological advancements were made by scientists serving their respective countries. With information sourced from the Australian War Memorial archives, this paper also focusses on the experiences of an Australian wartime radiographer. This investigation demonstrates the importance, sacrifice and skills of men and women who took on the difficult task of medical imaging in the first truly world‐based conflict. It highlights how a new profession and associated technology emerged as an important tool in military medicine. Importantly, our profession's history within the context of military history should be preserved, while also honouring the legacy of individuals who contributed.
Being observed in the digital era: Conceptualization and scale development of the perception of being observed
Authors: Lefkeli Deniz , Tulan Dilan , Gürhan‐Canli Zeynep
Published: August 2022

This research details the development of the perception of being observed scale. Consumers may think that their actions are being observed (i.e., seen, watched, recorded, tracked) by other parties (i.e., companies, governments, people) regardless of the actual knowledge about the existence of it. We develop a 10‐item, uni‐dimensional perception of being observed scale. Following the assessments of the scale, we conduct a series of studies to test the scale's convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity. We show that technology anxiety, self‐consciousness and privacy concerns predict the perception of being observed. Further, people who experience the perception of being observed are more conservative in information disclosure.
A dual mortar embedded mesh method for internal interface problems with strong discontinuities
Authors: Ao Jun , Zhou Mozhen , Zhang Bingyin
Published: August 2022

Internal interface problems with strong discontinuities for inclusion‐matrix systems are common and also challenging in engineering. In this work, a dual mortar embedded mesh method is proposed. An XFEM (extended finite element method) model is used for the underlying matrix, which can then be meshed without considering internal boundaries. The inclusions are treated by conventional FEM (finite element method) model. The FEM‐XFEM coupling is treated by the dual mortar method, which uses the XFEM side to carry the Lagrange multiplier for imposing inclusion‐matrix contact constraints. The present method is first validated by contact patch tests as well as bending tests and then applied to simulate strong discontinuities arising from bolt‐rock and pile‐soil interactions. The numerical results indicate that the present method is capable of simulating the internal interface problems with high accuracy, computational efficiency as well as mesh convenience.
Thermal buckling analysis of tapered laminated composite beam: Numerical and experimental investigation
Authors: Arumugam Ananda Babu , Rajendra Chandole Onkar , Edwin Sudhagar P. , Rajamohan Vasudevan , Kumbhar Surajkumar G. , Perumal Anbumani
Published: August 2022

The present study focuses on the numerical modeling of the thermal buckling behavior of tapered laminated composite beams validated by experimentation. Lagrange's energy‐based governing differential expression was derived utilizing classical laminated plate theory and higher‐order shear deformation theory to analyze the tapered composite beam's thermal buckling property. The uniform temperature rise environment is employed to estimate the critical buckling temperature of the tapered laminated composite beam. The obtained results from the numerical approaches were validated with the experimental results and the previous results obtained from the literature associated with the fundamental frequencies of the structure and critical buckling temperature. The parametric study was incorporated in this present work to investigate the influence of the structural parameters and the geometrical parameters like taper angle, ply orientation, aspect ratio, and boundary constraints of the beam.
Gauging secondary school students' terrorism‐related resilience in the Sahel region of Burkina Faso: A quantitative study
Authors: Bene Konabe
Published: August 2022

This study appraised male and female students' levels of terrorism‐related resilience, its effect on emotion and achievement, and assessed gender differences. The sample size was 180 junior and high school students of which 66 females (36.3%) and 114 males (62.6%) in the Sahel. Participants' ages ranged from 13 to 24 with a mean of 17.1 (SD = 2.04). Descriptive, multiple linear regression, and t‐test analyses were implemented to test for the size of resilience, its effects on students' emotional health and achievement, and to assess gender differences. Students had low level of resilience. Academic performance did not predict resilience, though regression analyses were statistically significant. Furthermore, no gender differences were found. Low level of resilience implies that students possess high level of difficulties in coping with terrorism. Psychological services are suggested to help secondary school students cope with the adverse effects of the stated violence.
Prediction of academic achievement in Dominican students: Mediational role of learning strategies and study habits and attitudes toward study
Authors: Reyes Betty , Jiménez‐Hernández David , Martínez‐Gregorio Sara , De los Santos Saturnino , Galiana Laura , Tomás José M.
Published: August 2022

School or academic achievement is a relevant topic of study, as it is evidence of the learning achieved by the student. This study aims to explore a model explaining academic achievement while testing the mediator role of learning strategies, study habits and study attitudes. Research design was correlational. 1712 Dominican students from 12 to 20 years old (52.75% female) were sampled through cluster sampling. Data was recruited with a set of validated questionnaires, including measures of academic achievement (marks), learning strategies, study habits, and attitudes toward studies, school engagement, and academic support. Structural Equation Modeling was used to establish and test the mediational model. Main results show that learning strategies and study habits and attitudes play a mediator role between background variables as age, gender, cognitive or behavioral engagement, and students' academic achievement. Learning strategies and study habits play a central role in achieving a good academic performance, by mediating the effects of academic support and school engagement.
Insights into aggregation dynamics of NACore peptides from coarse‐grained simulations
Authors: Huang Rui‐jing , Tang Ran , Song Xiang‐yan , Wang Jing‐han , Chen Kang , Tian Wen‐de
Published: August 2022

Alpha(α)‐synuclein is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The NACore, a fragment of α‐synuclein, is considered to be the key region of α‐synuclein that causes PD. The aggregation dynamics of NACores are studied via coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations. We find that NACores can self‐assemble into a large cluster at high concentrations. The aggregation dynamics can be divided into three stages. The growth kinetics for the first and second stages follows the power law, Smax ~ tγ, with the second stage faster than the first one. The characteristic lifetime for the high concentration is 40 times larger than that for the low concentration, implying the low fluidity. Understanding the aggregation dynamics of NACores is helpful to develop drugs for therapeutic prevention and intervention.
Multiple imputation and test‐wise deletion for causal discovery with incomplete cohort data
Authors: Witte Janine , Foraita Ronja , Didelez Vanessa
Published: August 2022

Causal discovery algorithms estimate causal graphs from observational data. This can provide a valuable complement to analyses focusing on the causal relation between individual treatment‐outcome pairs. Constraint‐based causal discovery algorithms rely on conditional independence testing when building the graph. Until recently, these algorithms have been unable to handle missing values. In this article, we investigate two alternative solutions: test‐wise deletion and multiple imputation. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the recoverability of causal structures under test‐wise deletion, and argue that multiple imputation is more challenging in the context of causal discovery than for estimation. We conduct an extensive comparison by simulating from benchmark causal graphs: as one might expect, we find that test‐wise deletion and multiple imputation both clearly outperform list‐wise deletion and single imputation. Crucially, our results further suggest that multiple imputation is especially useful in settings with a small number of either Gaussian or discrete variables, but when the dataset contains a mix of both neither method is uniformly best. The methods we compare include random forest imputation and a hybrid procedure combining test‐wise deletion and multiple imputation. An application to data from the IDEFICS cohort study on diet‐ and lifestyle‐related diseases in European children serves as an illustrating example.
Phase‐Controlled Synthesis of Nickel‐Iron Nitride Nanocrystals Armored with Amorphous N‐Doped Carbon Nanoparticles Nanocubes for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Mingyu , Liu Ying , Fan Jiayao , Liu Bingxue , Shi Naien , Lin Yue , Li Xianzeng , Song Wenqi , Xu Dongdong , Xu Xiangxing , Han Min
Published: August 2022

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) nanostructures possess distinctive electronic, optical, and catalytic properties, showing great promise to apply in clean energy, optoelectronics, and catalysis fields. Nonetheless, phase‐regulation of NiFe‐bimetallic nitrides nanocrystals or nanohybrid architectures confronts challenges and their electrocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) performances are underexplored. Herein, novel pure‐phase Ni2+xFe2−xN nanocrystals armored with amorphous N‐doped carbon (NC) nanoparticles nanocubes (NPNCs) are obtained by controllable nitridation of NiFe‐Prussian‐blue analogues derived oxides/NC NPNCs under Ar/NH3 atmosphere. Such Ni2+xFe2−xN/NC NPNCs possess mesoporous structures and show enhanced electrocatalytic activity in 1 m KOH electrolyte with the overpotential of 101 and 270 mV to attain 10 and 50 mA cm–2 current toward hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, outperforming their counterparts (mixed‐phase NiFe2O4/Ni3FeN/NC and NiFe oxides/NC NPNCs). Remarkably, utilizing them as bifunctional catalysts, the assembled Ni2+xFe2−xN/NC||Ni2+xFe2−xN/NC electrolyzer only needs 1.51 V cell voltage for driving OWS to approach 10 mA cm–2 water‐splitting current, exceeding their counterparts and the‐state‐of‐art reported bifunctional catalysts‐based devices, and Pt/C||IrO2 couples. Additionally, the Ni2+xFe2−xN/NC||Ni2+xFe2−xN/NC manifests excellent durability for OWS. The findings presented here may spur the development of advanced TMNs nanostructures by combining phase, structure engineering, and hybridization strategies and stimulate their applications toward OWS or other clean energy fields.
Simulating the influence of Facebook fan pages on individual attitudes toward vaccination using agent‐based modelling
Authors: Al Atiqi Muhammad , Chang Shuang , Deguchi Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

The anti‐vaccination movement is dangerous because of its influence on vaccine hesitancy. Nowadays, social media platforms become significant sources of anti‐vaccination information; therefore, combating their proliferation needs to be addressed by the relevant authorities. Previous studies suggested two policies to mitigate the negative influence of anti‐vaccination information online: attaching caution banners from healthcare authorities and engaging in censorship of anti‐vaccine supporting information providers. However, these recommendations were obtained without considering how the users form their sentiments. In this paper, we explore the influence of the existing network of vaccination‐related Facebook pages on an individual user's vaccination sentiment using agent‐based modelling (ABM). We use the ABM implementation of the Zaller model to convert the user's information consumption to their vaccination sentiment. Our simulation results show that the application of the two policies leads to improved sentiment on vaccination, reinforcing existing suggestions obtained by different methods.
Demonstration of no catalytical activity of Fe‐N‐C and Nb‐N‐C electrocatalysts toward nitrogen reduction using in‐line quantification
Authors: Sveinbjörnsson Arnar , Gunnarsdóttir Anna Bergljót , Creel Erin B. , Canales Camila Pía , Zulevi Barr , Lyu Xiang , Jafta Charl J. , Skúlason Egill , Serov Alexey , Flosadóttir Helga Dögg
Published: August 2022

Ammonia (NH3) production via the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising method for sustainable generation of this important chemical. Efforts are ongoing in finding an efficient, stable, and selective catalyst that will enable the reaction. However, progress is hindered in the field due to lack of reproducibility, most likely a consequence of reports of false‐positive results due to improper measurement control and methods. In this study, we explore the NRR activity of a promising class of single atom catalysts, transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N‐C) electrocatalysts. Using a state‐of‐the‐art in‐line ammonia quantification methodology, with detection limit as low as 1 ppb for ammonia, we show that single atom Nb and Fe embedded in a stable carbon and nitrogen framework do not electrochemically reduce N2 to NH3. Critically, this demonstrates that our experimental setup with in‐line sequential injection analysis successfully excludes ammonia contamination from the gas supply and atmospheric sources, allowing for thorough and high‐throughput examination of potential NRR catalysts.
Correction of fetal umbilical vein flow imbalance following laser surgery for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Saab R. H. , DeVore G. R. , Monson M. , Masri J. , Korst L. M. , Chmait R. H.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is characterized by unequal hemodynamics between the twins. We aimed to assess preoperatively the difference in umbilical vein flow (UVF) between the recipient and donor monochorionic diamniotic twins and evaluate the change in UVF following laser surgery in both twins.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of differences in UVF that occurred following laser surgical treatment of TTTS. Sonographic assessment of the umbilical vein before and 24 h after fetoscopic laser surgery for TTTS was performed. Umbilical vein diameter and time‐averaged maximum velocity were measured, and UVF per kg (UVF/kg) was converted into a Z‐score by a calculator created using gestational age as an independent variable. Z‐score values were converted into centiles, which were evaluated statistically. Median differences in UVF/kg centile values were adjusted for TTTS stage and presence of arterioarterial anastomoses.

Results

The study population consisted of 363 TTTS patients. The adjusted preoperative median difference in UVF/kg centile between the recipient vs donor twin was 17.9% (−17.1% to 57.6%), P < 0.0001. The adjusted median difference in UVF/kg centile between the postoperative vs preoperative period among recipients was 2.2% (−10.8% to 13.8%), P < 0.0001, while the adjusted median difference among donors was 27.3% (8.2%–34.6%), P < 0.0001.

Conclusion

The preoperative difference in UVF between the recipient and donor twins confirms the pathophysiology of TTTS. Postoperatively, the substantial increase in UVF of the donor twin and the relatively small increase in UVF of the recipient twin confirm that ablation of the vascular communications resulted in rapid improvement in perfusion of the donor twin. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Können Fahrassistenzsysteme zum Erhalt der Mobilität im Alter beitragen? Eine Betrachtung aus Perspektive der Mensch-Maschine Interaktion
Authors: Gärtner Magdalena , Braun Hanna , Meschtscherjakov Alexander
Published: August 2022

Autofahrer*innen höheren Alters sind besonders gefährdet sich bei einem Verkehrsunfall schwer zu verletzen oder sogar tödlich zu verunglücken. Es ist daher ein Anliegen der Forschung, diese Risikogruppe im Straßenverkehr zu schützen und zu unterstützen. Auf die Bedürfnisse der Nutzer*innen abgestimmte Fahrassistenzsysteme können dabei eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.
A novel platform to enable the future human-centered factory
Authors: Generosi Andrea , Agostinelli Thomas , Ceccacci Silvia , Mengoni Maura
Published: August 2022

This paper introduces a web-platform system that performs semi-automatic compute of several risk indexes, based on the considered evaluation method (e.g., RULA—Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, REBA—Rapid Entire Body Assessment, OCRA—OCcupational Repetitive Action) to support ergonomics risk estimation, and provides augmented analytics to proactively improve ergonomic risk monitoring based on the characteristics of workers (e.g., age, gender), working tasks, and environment. It implements a body detection system, marker-less and low cost, based on the use of RGB cameras, which exploits the open-source deep learning model CMU (Carnegie Mellon University), from the tf-pose-estimation project, assuring worker privacy and data protection, which has been already successfully assessed in standard laboratory conditions. The paper provides a full description of the proposed platform and reports the results of validation in a real industrial case study regarding a washing machine assembly line composed by 5 workstations. A total of 15 workers have been involved. Results suggest how the proposed system is able to significantly speed up the ergonomic assessment and to predict angles and perform a RULA and OCRA analysis, with an accuracy comparable to that obtainable from a manual analysis, even under the unpredictable conditions that can be found in a real working environment.
Quantification of cortisol and its metabolites in human urine by LC-MSn: applications in clinical diagnosis and anti-doping control
Authors: Arioli Francesco , Gamberini Maria Cristina , Pavlovic Radmila , Di Cesare Federica , Draghi Susanna , Bussei Giulia , Mungiguerra Francesca , Casati Alessio , Fidani Marco
Published: August 2022

The objective of the current research was to develop a liquid chromatography-MSn (LC-MSn) methodology for the determination of free cortisol and its 15 endogenous metabolites (6β-hydroxycortisol, 20α-dihydrocortisol, 20α-dihydrocortisone, 20-β-dihydrocortisol, 20β-dihydrocortisone, prednisolone, cortisone, α-cortolone, β-cortolone, allotetrahydrocortisol, 5α-dihydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisol, allotetrahydrocortisone, 5β-dihydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone) in human urine. Due to its optimal performance, a linear ion trap operating in ESI negative ion mode was chosen for the spectrometric analysis, performing MS3 and MS4 experiments. The method was validated for limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.01 ng mL−1 and 0.05 ng mL−1, for all compounds, respectively), intra- and inter-day precision (CV = 1.4–9.2% and CV = 3.6–10.4%, respectively), intra- and inter-day accuracy (95–110%), extraction recovery (65–95%), linearity (R2 > 0.995), and matrix effect that was absent for all molecules. Additionally, for each compound, the percentage of glucuronated conjugates was estimated. The method was successfully applied to the urine (2 mL) of 50 healthy subjects (25 males, 25 females). It was also successfully employed on urine samples of two patients with Cushing syndrome and one with Addison’s disease. This analytical approach could be more appropriate than commonly used determination of urinary free cortisol collected in 24-h urine. The possibility of considering the differences and relationship between cortisol and its metabolites allows analytical problems related to quantitative analysis of cortisol alone to be overcome. Furthermore, the developed method has been demonstrated as efficient for antidoping control regarding the potential abuse of corticosteroids, which could interfere with the cortisol metabolism, due to negative feedback on the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis. Lastly, this method was found to be suitable for the follow-up of prednisolone that was particularly important considering its pseudo-endogenous origin and correlation with cortisol metabolism.

Graphical abstract
Extreme rainfall in Northern China in September 2021 tied to air–sea multi-factors
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Jianping , Wang Hao , Li Ruize , Tang Xinxin
Published: August 2022

The September rainfall over Northern China (NC) in 2021 was the heaviest since 1961 and had unprecedented socioeconomic impacts. Holding the hypothesis that the drivers of extreme climate events usually contain extreme factors, we firstly propose the Ranking Attribution Method (RAM) to find the possible air–sea multi-factors responsible for this rainfall event. Via the atmospheric bridges of zonal-vertical circulation and Rossby wave energy propagation, the remote factors of warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the tropical Atlantic, cold SSTA over the tropical Pacific, Southern Annular Mode-like pattern in the Southern Hemisphere and North Pacific Oscillation-like pattern in the Northern Hemisphere jointly strengthened the Maritime Continent (MC) convection and Indian monsoon (IM). Through meridional-vertical circulation, the intensified MC convection enhanced the subtropical high over southern China and induced ascending motion over NC. The local factor of extreme air acceleration in the east Asian upper-level jet entrance region further anchored the location of the southwest-northeast rain belt. The strengthened IM and subtropical high over southern China induced considerable moisture transport to the rain belt via two moisture channels. The combined effect of these extreme dynamic and moisture conditions formed this unprecedented rainfall event. This study suggests that the RAM can effectively reveal the factors that contributed to this extreme rainfall event, which could provide a new pathway for a better understanding of extreme climate events.
PerformERL: a performance testing framework for erlang
Authors: Cazzola Walter , Cesarini Francesco , Tansini Luca
Published: August 2022

The Erlang programming language is used to build concurrent, distributed, scalable and resilient systems. Every component of these systems has to be thoroughly tested not only for correctness, but also for performance. Performance analysis tools in the Erlang ecosystem, however, do not provide a sufficient level of automation and insight needed to be integrated in modern tool chains. In this paper, we present : an extendable performance testing framework that combines the repeatability of load testing tools with the details on how the resources are internally used typical of the performance monitoring tools. These features allow to be integrated in the early stages of testing pipelines, providing users with a systematic approach to identifying performance issues. This paper introduces the framework, focusing on its features, design and imposed monitoring overhead measured through both theoretical estimates and trial runs on systems in production. The uniqueness of the features offered by , together with its usability and contained overhead prove that the framework can be a valuable resource in the development and maintenance of Erlang applications.
Developing a trigger tool to monitor adverse events during haemodialysis in children: a pilot project
Authors: Balasubramanian Ramnath , Folwell Rachel , Wheatley Arran , Ramsey Heidi , Barton Carmen , Reid Christopher J. D. , Sinha Manish D.
Published: August 2022

Background

We developed a paediatric haemodialysis trigger tool (pHTT) for application per haemodialysis (HD) session in children receiving intermittent in-centre HD and systematically monitored adverse events.

Methods

Single-centre quality improvement study performed over two 8-week cycles. Data collected prospectively using a ‘per-dialysis session’ pHTT tool including 54 triggers across six domains, adapted from a recently described haemodialysis trigger tool (HTT) for adults. Each trigger was evaluated for level of harm following assessment by two authors. Following a period of training, HD nurses completed the HTT at the end of each dialysis session.

Results

There were 241 triggers over 182 dialysis sessions, with 139 triggers in 91 HD sessions for 15 children, age range 28–205 months, over an 8-week period (first cycle) and 102 triggers in 91 HD sessions for 13 children, age range 28–205 months, over a further 8-week period (second cycle). After interventions informed by the pHTT, the harm rate per session was significantly reduced from 1.03 (94/91) to 0.32 (29/91), P < 0.001. There was a significant difference between the distribution of triggers by harm category (P < 0.001) and between the proportion of triggers across the various domains of the pHTT (P = 0.004) between the two cycles. No triggers were evaluated as causing permanent harm.

Conclusions

This pilot study demonstrates potential benefits of a bedside tool to monitor adverse events during haemodialysis in children. Thus, following interventions informed by the pHTT, the harm rate per session was significantly reduced. Under standard patient safety systems, the vast majority of triggers identified by the pHTT would remain unreported and perhaps lead to missed opportunities to improve patient safety. We propose the use of a paediatric HTT as part of standard care by centres providing HD to children in the future.

Graphical Abstract

A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Intraabdominal sporadic desmoid tumors and inflammation: an updated literature review and presentation and insights on pathogenesis of synchronous sporadic mesenteric desmoid tumors occurring after surgery for necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Prete Francesco , Rotelli MariaTeresa , Stella Alessandro , Calculli Giovanna , Sgaramella Lucia Ilaria , Amati Antonio , Resta Nicoletta , Testini Mario , Gurrado Angela
Published: August 2022

Sporadic intra-abdominal desmoid tumors are rare and known to potentially occur after trauma including previous surgery, although knowledge of the underlying pathogenetic mechanism is still limited. We reviewed the recent literature on sporadic intraabdominal desmoids and inflammation as we investigated the mutational and epigenetic makeup of a case of multiple synchronous mesenterial desmoids occurring after necrotizing pancreatitis. A 62-year-old man had four mesenteric masses up to 4.8 cm diameter detected on CT eighteen months after laparotomy for peripancreatic collections from necrotizing pancreatitis. All tumors were excised and diagnosed as mesenteric desmoids. DNA from peripheral blood was tested for a multigene panel. The tumour DNA was screened for three most frequent β-catenin gene mutations T41A, S45F and S45P. Expression levels of miR-21-3p and miR-197-3-p were compared between the desmoid tumors and other wild-type sporadic desmoids. The T41A CTNNB1 mutation was present in all four desmoid tumors. miR-21-3p and miR-197-3p were respectively upregulated and down-regulated in the mutated sporadic mesenteric desmoids, with respect to wild-type lesions. The patient is free from recurrence 34 months post-surgery. The literature review did not show similar studies. To our knowledge, this is the first study to interrogate genetic and epigenetic signature of multiple intraabdominal desmoids to investigate potential association with abdominal inflammation following surgery for necrotizing pancreatitis. We found mutational and epigenetic features that hint at potential activation of inflammation pathways within the desmoid tumor.
The histone deacetylase SIRT6 promotes glycolysis through the HIF-1α/HK2 signaling axis and induces erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: You Qiai , Wang Jianmin , Yu Yongxin , Li Feng , Meng Lingxin , Chen Mingjing , Yang Qiao , Xu Zihan , Sun Jianguo , Zhuo Wenlei , Chen Zhengtang
Published: August 2022

Erlotinib is a first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). Overcoming erlotinib resistance is crucial to improve the survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with sensitive EGFR mutations. It is also an important clinical problem that urgently needs a solution. In this study, we explored strategies to overcome erlotinib resistance from the perspective of energy metabolism. SIRT6 is a histone deacetylase. Here, we found that high expression of SIRT6 is associated with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, especially in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients. The next cell experiment found that SIRT6 expression increased in erlotinib-resistant cells, and SIRT6 expression was negatively correlated with the sensitivity of NSCLC to erlotinib. Inhibition of SIRT6 promoted erlotinib-induced apoptosis in erlotinib-resistant cells, and glycolysis in drug-resistant cells was also inhibited. Functional studies have shown that SIRT6 increases glycolysis through the HIF-1α/HK2 signaling axis in drug-resistant cells and inhibits the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to erlotinib. In addition, the HIF-1α blocker PX478-2HCL attenuated the glycolysis and erlotinib resistance induced by SIRT6. More importantly, we confirmed the antitumor effect of SIRT6 inhibition combined with erlotinib in NSCLC-bearing mice. Our findings indicate that the cancer metabolic pathway regulated by SIRT6 may be a new target for attenuating NSCLC erlotinib resistance and has potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target to improve outcomes in NSCLC patients.