bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosorption of Eosin by Chemically Modified Peanut Husk
Authors: Song Ying Hua , Chen Sheng Ming
Published: May 2011

The sorption of eosin by peanut husk, which was chemically modified by formaldehyde in acidic medium was studied with variation in the parameters of contact time, pH, initial eosin concentration and temperature. They were used for equilibrium sorption uptake studies with eosin. The results indicate that sorption equilibrium could be well described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. The sorption followed the pseudo-second order model. The mass transfer model as intraparticle diffusion was applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of the rate controlling step. It was found that the intraparticle diffusion is becoming the significant controlling step under the experimental conditions. The thermodynamic constants of the sorption process were also evaluated, which suggest an endothermic physical sorption process which runs spontaneously.
Pseudo-Homogenous Kinetics Model for the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Urea and Methanol with Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Wen Bo , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fu Kui , Wei Wei
Published: May 2011

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from urea and methanol includes two main reactions: one amino of urea is substituted by methoxy to produce the intermediate methyl carbamate (MC) which further converts to DMC via reaction with methanol again. In a stainless steel autoclave, the kinetics of these reactions was separately investigated without catalyst and with Zn-containing catalyst. Without catalyst, for the first reaction, the reaction kinetics can be described as first order with respect to the concentrations of methanol and methyl carbamate (MC), respectively. For the second reaction, the results exhibit characteristics of zero-order reaction. Over Zn-containing catalyst, the first reaction is neglected in the kinetics model since its rate is much faster than second reaction. After the optimization of reaction condition, the macro-kinetic parameters of the second reaction are obtained by fitting the experimental data to a pseudo-homogenous model, in which a side reaction of DMC synthesis is incorporated since it decreases the yield of DMC drastically at high temperature. The activation energy of the reaction from MC to DMC is 104 KJ/mol while that of the side reaction of DMC is 135 KJ/mol.
Highly Active Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Systems Based on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Tie Long , Liu Ying , Zhou Ming Hua
Published: May 2011

In this work, magnetic nanoscale Fe3O4 particles were synthesized through coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in alkaline media. The structure, composition and properties of the nanoparticles prepared were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Catalytic efficiency of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was tested in degradation of phenol solution. At pH 7, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate reached 70% in 3 hours. The heterogeneous catalyst exhibited efficient catalytic activity close to that of iron homogeneous catalyst but with less than 3% leaching of irons cation. Further, it performed well under much wider pH range (pH 3~7) compared to classic Fenton reagent, providing potential alternative as a novel heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for environmental remediation.
Density Functional Theory Calculations of Arsenic(III) Structures on Perfect TiO2 Anatase (1 0 1) Surface
Authors: Yu Lin , Liu Yue , Wei Zhi Gang , Diao Gui Qiang , Sun Ming , Yu Qian
Published: May 2011

There are many areas in the world where the ground water has been contaminated by arsenic. One process to purify the water is to use TiO2 to adsorb the arsenic. As the TiO2 surface can be cleaned and reused, it has a promising potential as a water purifier. In this paper, the plane-wave function method, based on the density functional theory, has been used to calculate the structures of arsenic(III) on a perfect TiO2 anatase (1 0 1) surface. All the arsenic(III) solution species such as H3AsO3, H2AsO3-1, HAsO3-2 and AsO3-3 are put onto the surface with many different possible structures to obtain the adsorption energy. Based on the adsorption energy, the bidentate binuclear (BB) adsorption configurations of arsenic(III) on the surface are more favorable at low concentrations, whereas BB form and monodentate mononuclear (MM) form may coexist at higher concentrations. The models and results fit well with published experimental results. The results and conclusions will be of benefit to further research on arsenite adsorption and its photocatalytic oxidation on a TiO2 surface.
Advances of Application of Ionic Liquids in Catalytic Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Shi Yu Kun , Qu Guang Fei , Ning Ping , Zhang Jun , Feng Hui
Published: May 2011

Advances of application of ionic liquids as solvents and catalysts in the catalytic oxidation reaction are summarized in this paper. Ionic liquids, as solvent, can provide an environment which is different from the traditional organic solvents for the chemical reactions, and make the catalytic activity and stability better, conversion and selectivity higher; Ionic liquids, as catalyst, not only play the function of promoting reaction, but also play a solvent/catalyst dual functions more directly. Currently ionic liquids in catalytic oxidation reaction are mostly used as solvent, Especially used widely in organic synthesis. The designability of ionic liquids provides a broad space for ionic liquids as catalyst.
Study on Performance of Scale and Corrosion Inhibition of Polyaspartic Acid Composite Material
Authors: Liu Zhen Fa , Liu Han Shuo , Zhang Li Hui , Yan Mei Fang
Published: May 2011

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) composite material, a scale and corrosion inhibitor, is prepared from PASP, acrylic acid-acrylic ester- itaconic acid tripolymer (IA-AA-AE) and 2-phosphonobutane- 1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA). The scale inhibition effects of PASP and PASP composite are investigated. Calcium carbonate crystals in scale samples are characterized by means of SEM. Experimental results show that the scale inhibition rate can reach 98.7 % and corrosion inhibition rate 96.5 % under the conditions of Ca2+ 639 mg.L-1 and PASP composite material 40 mg.L-1. SEM results show that calcite and aragonite can be transformed into vaterite completely by using PASP composite material.
Research on the Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Eutrophied Water by Electro-Flotation
Authors: Wang Li Ping , Wang Chu Qiao , Du Er Deng , Lu Lei
Published: May 2011

This research studied the nitrogen and phosphorus removal from eutrophied lake type water by electro-flotation technique. The effects of operational parameters such as plate spacing, current intensity, electrolysis time on nitrogen and phosphorus removal were investigated in detail. The results showed that current intensity and plate spacing had influence on removal of TN and TP. Under the conditions of plate current of 0.6 cm, current intensity of 1.2 A, electrolysis time of 30 min, the removal of TN and TP was up to 34.30%, and 31.53%, separately.
Study on Invalidation and Regeneration of TGV Manganese Sand Filter
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhang Dong , Chen Hong Bin
Published: May 2011

Because the manganese removal ability of TGV manganese sand filter decreases a lot in A water plant, in this study full-scale experiment and electron microscopy analysis were conducted to evaluate the actual manganese removal ability and explore a method for regeneration in production. The results showed that the manganese sand had lost the manganese removal ability, and the principle of manganese removal was physical adsorption. The maximum adsorptive capacity was measured to be 7.2 (mg manganese ions)/ (g manganese sand) through bench scale experiments, that meant the sand filter could work effectively for 7-8 months, and then the manganese sand would become invalidate. It was recommended to dip 1 litre manganese sand in 500 ml sodium hypochlorite with 0.35% effective chlorine to achieve regeneration, and the cost was acceptable.
Kinetics Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Spherical Chitosan Resin
Authors: Xue Juan Qin , Mao Wei Bo , Wen Dan Dan , Li Jing Xian , Wang Yu Jie
Published: May 2011

Investigated the sorption kinetics of methylene blue on spherical chitosan resin. Studied the influences of ionic strength, pH， initial concentration on the adsorption process. The adsorption of methylene blue increases with the decreasing ionic strength and the increasing pH and the initial concentration of the system. Furthermore, the adsorption process correspondes with Lagergren pseudo-second kinetic equation and the finess (R2) of the model was above 0.99.
Preparation and Performance of Titanium Matrix (SnO2/Sb2O3/IrO2) Catalytic Electrode
Authors: Song Xing Yu , Qiu Ling Feng
Published: May 2011

The anode of DSA (SnO2/Sb2O3/IrO2) was prepared with the brush coating thermal decomposition method. The surface crystal particles of the DSA were plump, evenly distributed dense coverage and less cracks. The electro catalytic has been enhanced. Compared with the original titanium board, the useful life of electrode was extended obviously, and removal efficiency of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) increased to 85.4%.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Using Cu/S-TiO2 Prepared by Electroless Plating Method
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Fen Fen , Yang Cheng , Zhang Wen Yu , Wu Jin Hu
Published: May 2011

The photocatalytic reduction of CO2could be achieved over Cu/S-TiO2under UV and visible light irradiation. S-TiO2was fabricated via calcination of TiO2precursor and thiourea, Cu species were plated on the surface of S-TiO2by electroless plating method. XRD revealed that S-TiO2was anatase phase, UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed an excellent visible light absorption of Cu/S-TiO2. Cu species plated on S-TiO2by electroless plating method could facilitate the photogenerated charges capture, separation and transfer. The products of CO2photocatalytic reduction involved gas phase of methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and liquid phase of methanol, formic acid and acetic acid. The in-situ IR spectra indicated that the OH radical acted as an intermediate participating in the photocatalytic reaction.
Preparation, Characterisation of Chitosan Modified Bentonite and Application to Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Wu Ying , Zhang Bo , Liu Mei , Lin Ying Yun , Su Yan , Yang Xiu Pei
Published: May 2011

A effective and cheap adsorbent, chitosan modified bentonite was prepared in this work. XRD, SEM and FTIR were used to characterize unmodified and chitosan modified bentonite materials. The adsorption property of bentonite and modified bentonite for mythlene blue in wastewater were investigated by spectrophotometry. The effects of initial pH value, sorbent dosage and contact time on the adsorption capacity have been investigated. The chitoan modified bentonite showed excellent removal capacities for methylene blue from waste water.
Application of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant for Removing Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Contaminated Soil
Authors: Liu You Shi , Ma Man Ying , Shi Zhou
Published: May 2011

Rhamnolipid (RL) was used to study the removing of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from contaminated soils. The results showed that RL obviously enhanced desorption of PCBs from soils and RL was more effective than POE(6).Pseudomonas strainLB400 was able to grow rapidly in the medium with RL, POE(6) or biphenyl as carbon source. PCBs biodegraded in growing cells were greater than that in resting cells. In growing cells with RL as carbon source, when the incubating time reached 72 h, PCBs Biodegraded was 98.7% and increased by 0.5% compared with that with biphenyl as carbon source. PCBs degraded were the lowest in all kinds of cell systems with POE(6) as carbon source. In the growing cell system,P.LB400 was able to fully utilize RL, so the cell density and PCBs Biodegraded rapidly increased with the increase of the concentration of RL. However, in the resting cell system, RL had negative impact on biodegradation of PCBs.
Behavior of Arsenic and Aurum Leaching by Roasting Arsenic Gold Ore
Authors: Zhang Zhao Hui , Liu Bai Long , Ju Jian Tao , Ma Hong Zhou , Zhao Fu Cai
Published: May 2011

Aiming at the difficulties of aurum leaching from arsenic gold ore, the behavior of arsenic and aurum leaching by the roasting pretreatment of arsenic gold ore is discussed. The result indicates as the following: the rate of aurum extraction is only 14.16% to this kind of refractory gold ore by choosing normal method of aurum extraction. However, the rate of fixing arsenic is up to 95.77% and the aurum extraction rate is 78.45% through the pretreatment of fixing arsenic roasting under optimum roasting conditions like adding amount of CaCO3by 3%, roasting temperature 650°C and roasting time 4 hours. The result is satisfactory.
Inhibition of Aloe in Corrosion Experimental Research
Authors: Wei Ai Jun , Feng Bei , Zhang Xin , Huo Fu Yong
Published: May 2011

In this corrosion test, simulated brine is used as corrosion medium, added different concentrations of aloe juice. Static weight-loss method is employed, meanwhile, we calculated corrosion rate of Q235 steel and researched on the corrosion inhibition effect of aloe in different temperatures. Results show that aloe is a good inhibitor, rate of corrosion inhibition can reach 80% or more and suitable for the temperature of work environment is less than 60 °C.
Study of the Oil-in-Water Emulsion Treatment by Nonwoven Polypropylene Fiber
Authors: Yao Qing Xu , Jia Ming Chun , Wang Xiao Wei , Men Jin Feng
Published: May 2011

The feasibility of using nonwoven polypropylene fiber (NWPP) as the filter media to treat oil-in-water emulsion was studied. Both static adsorption experiments and dynamic filtration in coalescence bed were made. Due to the hydrophobic property of NWPP, the oil adsorption happened immediately when contacted with NWPP. The equilibrium was achieved after 50min adsorption. The Freundlich isotherm fits the experimental data well. The data was analyzed with three adsorption kinetic models: the pseudo first order, second order adsorption kinetics as well as the intra-particle diffusion models. The results showed that the second order adsorption kinetic was more accurate to correlate the experimental data. After the dynamic filtration processes using 4.0g NWPP, the oil removal efficiency could achieve 95%. It also found that the low flow rates would be better to treat oil-in-water emulsion in dynamic condition using NWPP as the filter media.
The Preparation and Properties of Seawater Purification and Resource Recycling Function Materials
Authors: Huang Qi , Ma Wei , Han Mei
Published: May 2011

A kind of manganese oxide which could purify seawater arisesed at the historic moment. Lithium manganese oxide was synthesized by coprecipitation method and the manganese oxide was prepared by extracting lithium from lithium manganese oxide. The characteristics of the manganese oxide were studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The characteristics showed that the manganese oxide was pure spinel structure and about 100 nm in length. There were experiments to study the effects of oil and phenol removal in the seawater. At the same time recycling lithium from seawater was tested. The results showed that the manganese oxide could not only remove oil and phenol but also recycle lithium.
Vitamin B3 Adsorbed onto Activated Carbons and their Release Kinetics in Different Media
Authors: Yang Xia , Zhang Tao , Ding Yao , Li Jun Bo , Guo Jia
Published: May 2011

The adsorption of vitamin B3 (VPP) by activated carbons and their release processes in the distilled water, simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid were investigated. The adsorptive capacity of the activated carbon for VPP was 94.91 mg/g. Simulated gastric fluid could promote the release of VPP adsorbed by the activated carbon, and the cumulative percentage of VPP released was 76.36%. Based on three commonly-used kinetic models for drug release, mathematical simulations were carried out. It was found that the release processes of VPP in three different media could be fitted well by the Higuchi model Q = kt1/2 + C.
Study on Advanced Treatment of Pulping and Papermaking Process Effluent by Immobilized Laccase
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang An Long , Li Xin Ping , Wang Zhao Rong
Published: May 2011

The lacasse was immobilized by sodium alginate for papermaking wastewater treatment. The influence of the important factors on the treatment effect was studied by single factor test; and the optimized condition of immobilized lacasse treating papermaking wastewater was investigated by orthogonal test. The result shows that the optimum conditions are pH4, reaction time is 24h, shaker rotation speed is 160r/min, and reaction temperature is 40°C. The decoloring rate reach 73.3%, the COD removing rate is more than67.2%, the average CODCr and chroma of the treated water respectively are 98.3mg/L and 45.4times, The quality of the final water not only can completely satisfies the new discharge standard, but also the recycle requirements.
Investigation on the Effluent Chroma of the Aerobic Treatment for Pulping Midcourse Wastewater
Authors: Guan Xiu Qiong , Li Jun , Liu Jian Rong , Liu Chun
Published: May 2011

This paper focused on the effluent chroma which is a long-term puzzle about the aerobic treatment for pulping midcourse wastewater. The organic in the influent and effluent was tested by GC-MS. The analysis indicates that the macromolecular lignin-type substances are partly degraded using aerobic technique. Some micromolecular substances are produced accordingly, which leads to the auxochrome groups and chromophore groups increasing. There are two organic coloration compositions in influent but three in effluent, which account for 22.98% of the organic substances in influent but 33.12% of the organic substances in effluent.
Performance of Bi20TiO32 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water
Authors: Sun Xu Hui , Zhang Guo Hua , Sun Lin , Ma Jun
Published: May 2011

The factors that influence the performance of Bi20TiO32were discussed, and the removal of TOC in the analogue waste water was also examined. The shorter the light wavelength or the more the intensity, the more efficient the photocatalytic process. Different substance has different optimum pH for being photodegraded by photocatalyst Bi20TiO32, which may be related with its surface charge. Aeration have little benefit for decomposing the organics. Some organics like methyl orange and phenol can be photodegraded by Bi20TiO32completely. Bi20TiO32has visible-light activity for the degradation of organics.
The Removal of High NH3-N Concentration in Wastewater by Chemical Precipitation
Authors: Song Wei Hua , Yin Jun , Wang Jian Hui
Published: May 2011

A lab-scale study was conducted to precipitate the ammonia from high NH3-N concentration wastewater in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP) by applying such chemicals such as MgCl2·6H2O and KH2PO4.The influences of pH value, reactive time and removal rate of ammonia nitrogen were tested.The results shows that the feasible pH values of crystallization and precipitation were between 8 and 10. The structure of struvite crystallization was destroyed under high pH value condition that resulted in ammonia nitrogen dissociating from MAP, which reduced the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen. Results also demonstrated that ammonia nitrogen was effectively reduced from initia1981mg/L to final 5 mg/L, which removal efficiency reached 99% with crystallization and precipitation method when the optimal pH, precipitation time mole ratio of Mg2+, NH4+, PO43- were 8.0, 20 min and 1.4∶1∶1.4 respectively.
Degradation of Rhodamine B in Aqueous Solution by Fenton’s Reagent
Authors: Ou Xiao Xia , Wang Chong , Su Yan , Zhang Feng Jie , Yang Guo Jiao , Wang Ling Yun
Published: May 2011

The degradation of rhodamine B (RB) in aqueous solution by Fenton’s reagent was studied. After 30 min, the 96.2% removal of RB in water (pH = 3.0, T = 25 °C) was achieved when the initial concentrations of Fe2+, H2O2 and RB were 0.5 mM, 5 mM and 10 mg/L, respectively. A higher initial concentration of Fe2+ and H2O2 resulted in a higher efficiency in RB discolorization. The removal of RB was dependent strongly on the pH value of solution. Increasing the reaction temperature was beneficial for the RB degradation. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy (Ea) was calculated to be 16.78 kJ/mol from rate constants at different temperatures. The degradation of RB by Fenton’s reagent was inhibited by the presence of oxalic acid.
Synthesis and Applications of a Novel Copolymer of Chitosan as Heavy Metal Removal Agent
Authors: Tang Hong Jie , Guo Juan Juan , Shan Bao Tian , Lu Jin Ren
Published: May 2011

The graft copolymer, chitosan-g-AM-AA, was prepared through graft polymerization of acryamide and acryl acid onto chitosan by K2S2O8 initiation under homogeneous conditions in 2 wt% acetic acid. The product was characterized by infrared spectrometry (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacities and removal ratioes of the copolymer for heavy metal ions were studied by using medium concentration (about 50mg/L) of Cu2+ ,Zn 2+and Pb2+ at pH 6. The results indicated the copolymer exhibited higher adsorbability than chitosan.
Removal of Ammonia from Waste Gases by a Biotrickling Filter
Authors: Liu Jian Wei , Zhao Yu Zhu , Ma Wen Lin
Published: May 2011

A laboratory-scale biotrickling filter was evaluated for its effectiveness in treating waste gases containing ammonia at different inlet loading rates. The inlet concentration of ammonia varied from 20～300mg/m3, and the air flow rates were 0.61m3/h, 0.85m3/h and 1.06m3/h, equivalent to empty bed residence time of 35s, 25s and 20s, respectively. The experimental results showed that the inlet ammonia can be efficiently removed in the biotrickling filter. The removal efficiency was nearly 100% when inlet ammonia loading rate was below 28.33g/m3·h, and the maximum elimination capacity for the biotrickling filter was determined to be about 33.99 g/m3·h. The results in microbial analyses had proven that the ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria were dominant in the biotrickling filter. These results show that the treatment system studied can be considered as a viable alternative for the treatment of gaseous emissions containing different concentrations of ammonia.
Adsorption of Phenol on Bifunctional Resin and Granular Activated Carbon Preloaded by Tannic Acid
Authors: Lu Zhao Yang , Jiang Bi Cun , Li Ai Min , Fan Jun
Published: May 2011

For comparing the adsorption of Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOC) competing with background pollutants between a bifunctional resin and a commercial granular activated carbon (GAC), tannic acid (TA) was preloaded to the two adsorbents at quantities of 60 and 120 μmol/g. As a result, decreases of micropores volume in the resin were 75.5 and 98.9%, while those in the GAC were only 19.0 and 30.0%, respectively. Preloading attenuated surface heterogeneities and phenol’s capacities of two adsorbents distinctly. But maximumly, 1.0 mole TA’s preloading on GAC could decline 9.23 mole phenol’s adsorption. Under the same condition, the resin’s capacity of phenol was only descended at 2.68 times, when 98.9% micropores have been blocked. In kinetic tests, blockages in the resin were misapprehended to be much lighter than those in the GAC by the Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model (HSDM). One steady operation engineering at micropore volume 37.8% decline was introduced. The conflicts were explained by quite a number of resin’s functional groups in the macroporous and mesoporous region could attract enough phenol molecular rapidly, even if almost all micropores were blocked.
Reactive Process Research of Cornstalk Hydrolysis to Sugar on Micro-Stream Discharge
Authors: Song Chun Lian , Pi Shao Gang , Wang Chuan Song , Liu Mei Duo
Published: May 2011

In order to further study the mechanism of hydrolysis reactions to sugars using cornstalk on plasma, preliminary study of reactive process are carried out. Model compounds of cornstalk components are chosen and hydrolyzed on plasma. Activation energy of elementary reactions, which are single-molecule reactions, free radical reactions and bimolecular reactions, are calculated by bond energy percentage rules. Elementary reactions and preliminary reaction mechanism model, which cornstalk hydrolyzes to sugars on plasma are identified.
Preparation of Nano-Iron Oxide Red from Bio-Oxidation Wastewater
Authors: Li Qian , Yu Kai , Mu Ping , Tian Yan Wen , Li Jian Zhong
Published: May 2011

According to the difference of chemical deposition behavior of arsenic and iron ion in the different pH value solution, valuable element Fe was first recovered by the selective deposition from bio-oxidation wastewater and then it was used to prepare nano-iron oxide red pigment powders. The effect of purifying conditions, calcinations temperature and calcinations time on the product color, the average partical size had been investigated. The crystal structure, particle-size and properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by means of XRD, TEM. The optimal process conditions of the preparation of iron oxide red were: calcinations temperature was 900°C, calcinations time was 120min. Under these conditions, the color of production was bright red. The particles were fully developed, and the average diameter of nanometer particle was about 70.8nm. In the visible light region of 380 to 780nm, the particle possessed good transparency, achieving the standard of GB1863 – 89.
Dyeing Properties of Lac Dyes for Wool, Silk and Nylon
Authors: Wei Bo , Chen Qiu Yuan , Tang Ren Cheng , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: May 2011

The dyeing properties of lac dyes for wool, silk and nylon fibers were investigated, and compared in terms of dependence of dye uptake on pH, dyeing rates, and building-up performance as well as color hue and color fastness of dyed fabrics. For all the three fibers, the uptake of lac dyes was greatly influenced by pH, indicating that the electrostatic interaction between lac dyes and fibers predominantly contributes to lac adsorption. The maximum adsorption wavelength of dyed fabrics shifted to a higher value with increasing application pH, indicating the existence of bathochromic effect. Lac dyes showed the quickest initial uptake rate for silk, the slowest rate for wool. The capacity of lac uptake by three fibers was in the following order: wool > silk > nylon, this being in accord with the quantity of amino groups in these fibers. Dyed wool exhibited the best color fastness.
Strength Analysis and Structure Optimization of Constant Volume Combustion Bomb
Authors: Tian Xiao Fei , Zhang Hong Guang , Bai Xiao Lei
Published: May 2011

Constant Volume Combustion Bomb (CVCB) is a useful experimental system in the internal combustion basic research. A new structure of CVCB was designed in this paper. Its solid model and finite element model were built through Pro-Engineer and ANSYS software. Then the strength was calculated and the structure was optimized to get the smallest volume with ANSYS. According to the optimization results, the volume decreased 50%.
Hydrodesulfurization Performances of NiMo Supported on Micro/Mesoporous Beta/MCM-48 Composite Catalyst
Authors: Duan Ai Jun , Fan Hui Li , Zhao Zhen , Jiang Gui Yuan , Liu Jian
Published: May 2011

Using CTAB as the mesostructure directing agent, a novel micro/mesoporous composite material of Beta-MCM-48 was synthesized and self-assembled from nanocrystal Beta solutions by two-step hydrothermal method in this study. The typical physico-chemical properties of material were characterized by the techniques and measurements of BET surface area, pore volume, pore size, XRD and TEM. Based on the characterization results, it could be found that BM48 composite simultaneously possessed BEA microporous structure and cubic Ia3d mesoporous structure, and the degree of mesoporous order was comparably uniform, which construct a suitable gradient of micro/mesopore structures and facilitated the diffusion of large size reactant molecules. The HDS performance in a microreactor indicated that NiMo/ABM48 series catalysts with different BM48 contents and various Mo loadings showed better hydrodesulfurization performances compared with the conventional NiMo/Al2O3catalyst, and the optimal content of BM48 in the supports was 20 m%, and the suitable loading of Mo in the catalyst was 15 m%. The best HDS efficiency reached 98.3% and the corresponding sulfur content in product was 23.02 µg•g-1, which met the sulfur regulation of Euro IV ultra clean diesel specification.
Treatment of Domestic Sewage by Membrane Bioreactor with Bubbleless Aeration
Authors: Jiang Bo Quan , Liu Yu De , Zeng Jiang Nan
Published: May 2011

An experiment was carried out to use plate–type silicone rubber membrane equipped bioreactor with bubbleless oxygen supplying for the treatment of domestic sewage. The effects of hydraulic load, CODcr entrance concentration and oxygen pressure on the discharge concentrations of CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N were investigated. The results showed that the discharge concentrations of the three pollutants were 18.6 mg· L-1, 9.33 mg· L-1 and 3.56 mg·L-1 respectively when hydraulic load was 0. 25 m3·m -2·h-1 and entrance concentrations of CODCr , BOD5 and NH3-N were 220 mg·L-1 , 140 mg·L-1 and 45 mg·L-1, respectively. These values are lower than the standard ones regulated in the 《Emission Standards of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant 》(GB/18918-2002) issued by Chinese government . The degrading dynamic models of CODcr and BOD5 were established and proved to be basically consistent with the experiment values.
Separation of Dimethylformamide/H2O Mixtures Using Pervaporation-Distillation Hybrid Process
Authors: Han Guang Lu , Zhang Qi , Zhong Jing , Shao Hui , Zhang Huan Ru
Published: May 2011

Three kinds of commercial PVA composite membranes with different crosslinking degrees (PVA-1, PVA-2 and PVA-3) were used to separate DMF/H2O mixtures. Their pervaporation performance was investigated at different operation temperatures. The results showed that PVA-1 was the most suitable one for separating DMF/H2O mixtures. When operation temperature was 60°C and downstream pressure was lower than 6kPa, flux reached to 0.59 kg·m-2·h-1 and separation factor was 33 for PVA-1 membranes. Aspen Plus® was applied to simulate the normal distillation for retentate from pervaporation unit. Comparing with the two-effect distillation, the cost of concentrating DMF could be reduced 16.2% to 19.2% for DMF aqueous solution with different composition by hybrid processes. The cost would be the lowest for a hybrid process that concentrated the feed into 50wt% by pervaporation firstly, then concentrated retentate to 99.6wt% by two-effect distillation
Study on Effectes of Different Inorganic Electrolytes on Flocculation Falling of Slurry
Authors: Ji Deng Gao , Guo Xu Long , Cai Yang Hui , Peng Su Qin , Lian Jian Hua
Published: May 2011

In order to strengthen the thin coal slime settlement, and improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation, in this paper, as the research object of Wuyang coal slime, carried out the studies on the effect of flocculation and settling with different inorganic electrolytes, and using electrophoresis analyzer, image analyzer and FTIR, characterized inorganic electrolytes effect on zeta potential of coal particles, floc size and surface functional groups. The results showed that: the effect of flocculation and falling, with CaCl2 and non-ionic PAM, is better than several other inorganic electrolytes. When the amount of non-ionic PAM is 3ml, CaCl2 best dosage is 4ml, corresponding to the initial falling speed is 24.49cm/min, supernatant turbidity is 22NTU. It has certain effect to the zeta potential of coal particles, floc size and the functional groups of coal surface after adding inorganic electrolytes.
Mechanism for the Formation of Elemental Sulfur from Modified Stretford Process
Authors: Dong Yue , Ling Kai Cheng , Zhang Wei Shuai , Luo Hua Feng
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the mechanism for the formation of elemental sulfur from the modified Stretford process was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results showed that hydrosulfide (HS-) is first oxidized to produce polysulfide ion (Sx2-) which is reactive intermediate product and will further transform to form elemental sulfur S8. Additionally, a free radical reaction mechanism which describes the formation of elemental sulfur S8 was proposed.
NaCl Brine Preparation from Distiller Waste and Na2SO4
Authors: Shen Yan Min , Wang Tian Gui
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this study is to address the problem of discharge of distiller waste from Solvay process, and at the same time, to realize the production of soda ash from Glauber’s salt — natural ores containing sodium sulfate, or industrial byproduct sodium sulfate. Half-saturated and near-saturated brines were prepared by reacting simulated distiller wastes — aqueous solutions containing calcium chloride and sodium chloride, with sodium sulfate. Experimental results show that the dissolution of sodium sulfate controls the reaction rate and the final composition of the brines. Temperature plays a key role in promoting the dissolution of sodium sulfate therefore to the reaction result, especially to the preparation of near-saturated brine. With equivalent sodium sulfate, more than 90 percent of the Ca2+can be deleted. The precipitate (gypsum or anhydrite) can be used to produce cement or other construction materials.
Preparation and Characterization of Fe90Ni6Cu4 Alloy Powders
Authors: Li Zai Yuan , Pang Myongil , Zhai Yu Chun
Published: May 2011

The Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powder was prepared by chemical co-precipitation taken FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CuSO4·5H2O and NaOH as raw materials. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powder shape was majority stick, its diameter was about 10nm, length was about 100nm. The reaction conditions were that concentration of Fe2+, Ni2+and Cu2+mix solution was 0.1mol·L-1, NaOH solution concentration was 4 mol·L-1, the dropping rate of NaOH solution was 50 ml·min-1, the reaction temperature was 30°C, the pH value of the reaction end was 11, the stirring rate was 1200 r·min-1. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 alloy powders were obtained through hydrogen reduction of the Fe90Ni6Cu4 precursor powders. When the hydrogen reduction temperatures lower, it’s the reaction speed slower. When the reduction temperature was 800°C, the restore time needed to the 1200sec. The Fe90Ni6Cu4 alloy powder particle’ size was 200-500 nm.
Studies on Bleaching Process with Chlorine Dioxide on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Liu Xiang Xia , Jia Yong Tang , Di Jian Feng , Lu Jia Jie
Published: May 2011

This paper discussed the bleaching process with chlorine dioxide on cotton fabric. Tests of the whiteness, capillary effect, and strength were made and the best bleaching process with chlorine dioxide was determined. Studies showed that compared with the conventional bleaching process of hydrogen peroxide, the whiteness and strength of cotton fabric treated with chlorine dioxide were higher and the capillary values was similar. Chlorine dioxide can find its good application because of its good properties and low pollution.
Reaction Kinetics of Ethanolamines with Water Catalysis
Authors: Cheng Hua Nong , Liu Qing Shan , Wang Bing Qiang , Zheng Shi Qing
Published: May 2011

An experiment of the preparation of mono-ethanolamine, die-ethanolamine, and tri-ethanolamine from aqueous ammonia and ethylene oxide is studied. In the reaction system, water carries out the catalysis. The activation energy of mono-ethanolamine is determined, 61.52kJ.mol-1. The frequency factor is a quadratic function of water concentration. Under different reaction temperature, three final ethanolamine product contents are constant, which indicate the activation energies of three ethanolamins are equal. Using nonlinear least square regression, reaction rate ratios of die-ethanolamine or tri-ethanolamine to mono-ethanolamine are calculated. The two ratios are both linear relation with water concentration, dropping with water concentration increase.
Rare Earth Ion from Aqueous Solution Removed by Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration Process
Authors: Chen Gui E , Sun De , Xu Zhen Liang
Published: May 2011

An efficiency of rare earth (europium, Eu) removal from aqueous solutions by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) process was investigated using two water-soluble polymers polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylenimine (PEI). The effects of loading ratios of Eu to PAA or PEI, pH of solution and the added salt on Eu removal were evaluated. It was shown that the binding capacities for PAA and PEI to Eu ions were 0.8g Eu/g PAA and 0.5g Eu/g PEI, respectively. Eu ion rejection R decreased signiﬁcantly at a low pH compared to the results at high pH, regardless of using PAA or PEI. Compared to the PAA case, PEI enhanced UF was more sensitive with changing pH. The effect of the added salt was slightly weak at pH 4-5.At the decomplexation stage, when permeate volume was equal to three times than that of the retentate, Eu removal efficiency (X) of Eu-PAA enhanced UF was 79.5% while that of Eu-PEI enhanced UF was 76.1%, and the polymer PAA and PEI could be recovered more than 97% and 93%, respectively. Eu in the retentate could be extracted effectively and the puriﬁed PAA and PEI solution were obtained. The recovered PAA and PEI solution was same as the fresh PAA and PEI solution in PEUF processes carried out by using the recovery recovered PAA and PEI as complex agents.
Preparation and Properties of Solidified TiC-TiB2 with Hypoeutectic, Eutectic and Hypereutectic Microstructures
Authors: Huang Xue Gang , Zhang Long , Zhao Zhong Min , Yin Chun
Published: May 2011

By using combustion synthesis under high gravity, TiC-TiB2 fine-grained composite ceramics with hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic microstructures were prepared through rapid solidification. XRD, FESEM and EDS results show that with increasing TiB2 content, TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics transform the microstructures consisting of fine TiB2 platelets from ones composed of fine TiC spherical grains, whereas when TiB2 content reaches 50mol%, the ceramics develop the eutectic microstructures that small aspect-ratio TiB2 platelets were embedded in TiC matrix. Mechanical properties show that relative density, Vickers hardness and flexural strength of TiC-50mol%TiB2 all reach the maximum values (respectively as 98.6 % ,18.4 GPa, 840 MPa) due to eutectic reaction during solidification, meanwhile TiC-50mol%TiB2 has the maximum fracture toughness of 11.5 MPa∙m0.5 due to the cooperative action of crack deflection, crack-bridging and pull-out toughening by fine TiB2 platelets.
Numerical Simulation of Taylor Couette Flow in Bioreactor
Authors: Ye Li , Tong Zheng Ming , Lu Jai Lei , Zhu Kai , Li Chao
Published: May 2011

Taylor Couette flow in bioreactor at different Re values is researched numerically by means of establishing a simplified model. Numerical results indicate that vortex appears earlier in the vicinity of bottom wall than in the vicinity of top free surface. As Re number increases, vortexes generate from both ends towards middle area of flow field and will fill the whole space when critical Re value is reached. Although all vortexes look the same in structure, intensities of them are widely divergent. The strength of vortex at bottom wall is more intensive than that at top free surface, while the vortex at middle position is the weakest.
The Influence of PH and Dissolved Oxygen Tension (DOT) on Mycelium Growth and Cellulase Production by Trichoderma Reesei
Authors: Hang Zhi Xi , Rao Qing Long , Yu Shi Yuan
Published: May 2011

The influence of pH and dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) on mycelium growth and cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei was studied in this paper. The experiments were carried out with a cellulose of 10 g/l in a 10 L steam sterilizable bioreactor. The results have shown that H+ concentration was highly fluctuated in the growing and metabolizing periods of mycelium, which went against mycelium growth and cellulase production. Controlling pH to 4.8 was favorable to mycelium growth and cellulase production; the maximum mycelium mass concentration was increased from 2.60 g/l to 2.77 g/l; the maximum filter paper activity was raised from 1.87 IU/ml to 2.79 IU/ml. Meanwhile, the growth and metabolism of mycelium demand an appropriate dissolved oxygen tension (DOT). When the velocity of aeration was increased from 0.4 to 0.5vvm to improve the condition of dissolving oxygen, the mycelium mass concentration was increased from 2.77 g/l to 2.98g/l, and the filter paper activity was raised from 2.79 IU/ml to 2.98 IU/ml.
Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Structure of α –Amylase
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yun , Tan Li
Published: May 2011

Discuss the effect of microwave irradiation and water bath on the primary and secondary structure of α –amylase. The result showed that, α -amylase’s molecular mass didn’t change under two different condition, it means that α -amylase’s primary structure didn’t change; While the peak height (at λ=193nm) of the CD spectra of the samples treated by microwave irradiation and water bath both reduced, the reduced rate by microwave irradiation ranged from 140 % to 220 %, while the reduced rate by water bath ranged from 60 % to 140 %; the peak of the sample treated by microwave irradiation for 60 min disappeared at λ=193nm, while showed a wake peak by water bath; the negative peak position by microwave irradiation emerged a blue shift in the range of 5 ~ 8 nm at λ=204 nm and λ=220 nm, while emerged a blue shift in the range of 3 ~ 5 nm by water bath. With time going, both microwave irradiation and water bath have prompted the secondary structure on α-helix, β-sheet, β-turn and random coil’s mutual transformations, but the trends were different.
Cloning of Laccase Gene from Coriolus Versicolor and Optimization of Culture Conditions for Lcc1 Expression in Pichia Pastoris
Authors: He Li Yan , Wang Gui Bin , Cao Fu Liang , Zhao Lin Guo , Ji Yong Xin
Published: May 2011

A laccase cDNA lcc1 (GenBank accession number HM137002), without native signal peptide, was cloned by RT-PCR from total RNA of Coriolus versicolor. Recombination expression vector pPICZαA-lcc1 was constructed and transformed into Pichia pastoris KM71H after lineared. Recombination laccase was expressed at a higher level. Single factors of fermentation conditions of Pichia pastoris KM71H for laccase production were optimized. The results showed optimal culture conditions were as follows: medium initial pH 7.5, Cu2+ concentration 0.5mmol/L, methanol additive amount 1.0% and shaker rotate speed 210r/min. Furthermore, induction at low temperature was more suitable for lcc1 secretion. And addition of appropriate amount peptone and tyrosine in culture medium could enhanced lcc1 yields and reduce its degradation.
Mn/ZSM-5 Participated in Degradation of Cellulose
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Gang , Yang Fang , Zhang Song Mei
Published: May 2011

It was presented a Fenton-like catalyst Mn/ZSM-5 to evaluate its activities in degradation of cellulose in this paper. The degree of polymerization (DP) and crystalline degree of cellulose were sharply decreased with 87% and 33.6% after the degradation. Some soluble sugars and small molecular chemicals were detected. The suggested mechanism reflecting the degradation process was proposed.
In Situ Synthesis of Zeolite NaKL In Highly-Enriched Spinel Matrix
Authors: Guo Shi Ling , Yu Zi Yang , Chen Yi Liang , Chen Xin Xing
Published: May 2011

Zeolite NaKL was in-situ crystallized under static condition with kaolin microspheres calcined at 980 °C as silicon and aluminium sources. Influences of hydrothermal synthesis conditions such as the mole ratio of n(K2O)/n(Na2O), n(OH-)/n(SiO2) and crystallizaion time on crystallization of zeolite L were studied in detail. The crystal phase and morphology of the as-prepared zeolite samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the as-synthesized samples owned characteristic peaks of zeolite L with high crystallinity and were covered uniformly by regular crystal of zeolite L on its kaolin microsphere surface , which maintained complete ball shape as before. The optimum conditions to get zeolite NaKL with high crystallinity by this method were found to be the mole ratio of n(K2O)/n(Na2O) =7:3 and n(OH-)/n(SiO2) =0.50 in the reaction mixture, an aging of the reactants at room temperature for 30 h and crystallization temperature 120 °C for 24 h.
Decolorization of Crude Tussilago farfara L.Polysaccharide by Resins
Authors: Zhao Peng , Li Wen Hong , Li Lin
Published: May 2011

To select a suitable decolorizing resin for crude Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharide(TPS), the decolorization effect of crude TPS by five resins are studied. And the adsorption equilibrium of TPS pigment on the selected resin was investigated.The results show that the decolorization ratios of LS-206 is higher than those of other resins. Under optimized dynamicad sorption conditions (flow rate of 1.5BV/h,2BV of 5mg/ml TPS solution in 298K), the decoloration, deproteinization and polysaccharide recovery ratios of LS-206 resin were 90.04%, 91.42% and 85.38%, respectively. The above results show thatmacroporous anion exchange resins are suitable for the decolorization of crude TPS.
Catalytic Cracking of n-Hexane over MeAPOs Molecular Sieves
Authors: Feng Li Li , Wang Chong Chen , Qi Xing Yi
Published: May 2011

Mg-, Zn-, and Cu-substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves (MeAPO-5 and MeAPO-11) were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization method. Then-hexane cracking performance over the as-prepared MeAPOs was estimated under different reaction conditions. MeAPO-5 molecular sieves exhibited higher activity for the cracking conversion in the temperature range of 723~823 K than MeAPO-11. The conversion level ofn-hexane over MeAPOs with the same topology had the following order: MgAPOs > ZnAPOs > CuAPOs. The cracking results showed that the conversion level ofn-hexane increased with increasing reaction temperatures and contact time, and that the first order is determined in then-hexane concentration.
PtRh@Pt5C/Catalyst Preparation for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Fang Li , Guo Xiao Xiao , Liu Yue Peng , Huang Xiao Ping , Saipanya Surin
Published: May 2011

Bimetallic catalysts PtRh@Pt5/C with different deposit structures were prepared by force deposition followed calcination at 400°C and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) combined with XRD. The activity of the obtained catalysts was examined in methanol electrooxidation by CV. It was found that PtRh@Pt5/C catalysts achieved higher catalytic activity and better tolerance to CO compared with Pt5/C. The surfaces of PtRh@Pt5/C derived from sandwich-like deposit structure was composed of crystallites and amorphous of PtRh alloys, showing exceptional catalytic activity in methanol oxidation with peak potential shifting 0.03V negatively and 90% increase in current density.