bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Making Crowds Truthful
Authors: Jurca R. , Faltings B.
Published: July 2018

We consider schemes for obtaining truthful reports on a common but hidden signal from large groups of rational, self-interested agents. One example are online feedback mechanisms, where users provide observations about the quality of a product or service so that other users can have an accurate idea of what quality they can expect. However, (i) providing such feedback is costly, and (ii) there are many motivations for providing incorrect feedback.

Both problems can be addressed by reward schemes which (i) cover the cost of obtaining and reporting feedback, and (ii) maximize the expected reward of a rational agent who reports truthfully. We address the design of such incentive-compatible rewards for feedback generated in environments with pure adverse selection. Here, the correlation between the true knowledge of an agent and her beliefs regarding the likelihoods of reports of other agents can be exploited to make honest reporting a Nash equilibrium.

In this paper we extend existing methods for designing incentive-compatible rewards by also considering collusion. We analyze different scenarios, where, for example, some or all of the agents collude. For each scenario we investigate whether a collusion-resistant, incentive-compatible reward scheme exists, and use automated mechanism design to specify an algorithm for deriving an efficient reward mechanism.
Monte Carlo Sampling Methods for Approximating Interactive POMDPs
Authors: Doshi P. , Gmytrasiewicz P. J
Published: July 2018

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a principled framework for sequential planning in uncertain single agent settings. An extension of POMDPs to multiagent settings, called interactive POMDPs (I-POMDPs), replaces POMDP belief spaces with interactive hierarchical belief systems which represent an agents belief about the physical world, about beliefs of other agents, and about their beliefs about others beliefs. This modification makes the difficulties of obtaining solutions due to complexity of the belief and policy spaces even more acute. We describe a general method for obtaining approximate solutions of I-POMDPs based on particle filtering (PF). We introduce the interactive PF, which descends the levels of the interactive belief hierarchies and samples and propagates beliefs at each level. The interactive PF is able to mitigate the belief space complexity, but it does not address the policy space complexity. To mitigate the policy space complexity  sometimes also called the curse of history  we utilize a complementary method based on sampling likely observations while building the look ahead reachability tree. While this approach does not completely address the curse of history, it beats back the curses impact substantially. We provide experimental results and chart future work.
Learning to Reach Agreement in a Continuous Ultimatum Game
Authors: De Jong S. , Uyttendaele S. , Tuyls K.
Published: July 2018

It is well-known that acting in an individually rational manner, according to the principles of classical game theory, may lead to sub-optimal solutions in a class of problems named social dilemmas. In contrast, humans generally do not have much difficulty with social dilemmas, as they are able to balance personal benefit and group benefit. As agents in multi-agent systems are regularly confronted with social dilemmas, for instance in tasks such as resource allocation, these agents may benefit from the inclusion of mechanisms thought to facilitate human fairness. Although many of such mechanisms have already been implemented in a multi-agent systems context, their application is usually limited to rather abstract social dilemmas with a discrete set of available strategies (usually two). Given that many real-world examples of social dilemmas are actually continuous in nature, we extend this previous work to more general dilemmas, in which agents operate in a continuous strategy space. The social dilemma under study here is the well-known Ultimatum Game, in which an optimal solution is achieved if agents agree on a common strategy. We investigate whether a scale-free interaction network facilitates agents to reach agreement, especially in the presence of fixed-strategy agents that represent a desired (e.g. human) outcome. Moreover, we study the influence of rewiring in the interaction network. The agents are equipped with continuous-action learning automata and play a large number of random pairwise games in order to establish a common strategy. From our experiments, we may conclude that results obtained in discrete-strategy games can be generalized to continuous-strategy games to a certain extent: a scale-free interaction network structure allows agents to achieve agreement on a common strategy, and rewiring in the interaction network greatly enhances the agents' ability to reach agreement. However, it also becomes clear that some alternative mechanisms, such as reputation and volunteering, have many subtleties involved and do not have convincing beneficial effects in the continuous case.
Inferring Shallow-Transfer Machine Translation Rules from Small Parallel Corpora
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez F. , Forcada M. L.
Published: July 2018

This paper describes a method for the automatic inference of structural transfer rules to be used in a shallow-transfer machine translation (MT) system from small parallel corpora. The structural transfer rules are based on alignment templates, like those used in statistical MT. Alignment templates are extracted from sentence-aligned parallel corpora and extended with a set of restrictions which are derived from the bilingual dictionary of the MT system and control their application as transfer rules. The experiments conducted using three different language pairs in the free/open-source MT platform Apertium show that translation quality is improved as compared to word-for-word translation (when no transfer rules are used), and that the resulting translation quality is close to that obtained using hand-coded transfer rules. The method we present is entirely unsupervised and benefits from information in the rest of modules of the MT system in which the inferred rules are applied.
Conservative Inference Rule for Uncertain Reasoning under Incompleteness
Authors: Zaffalon M. , Miranda E.
Published: July 2018

In this paper we formulate the problem of inference under incomplete information in very general terms. This includes modelling the process responsible for the incompleteness, which we call the incompleteness process. We allow the process' behaviour to be partly unknown. Then we use Walley's theory of coherent lower previsions, a generalisation of the Bayesian theory to imprecision, to derive the rule to update beliefs under incompleteness that logically follows from our assumptions, and that we call conservative inference rule. This rule has some remarkable properties: it is an abstract rule to update beliefs that can be applied in any situation or domain; it gives us the opportunity to be neither too optimistic nor too pessimistic about the incompleteness process, which is a necessary condition to draw reliable while strong enough conclusions; and it is a coherent rule, in the sense that it cannot lead to inconsistencies. We give examples to show how the new rule can be applied in expert systems, in parametric statistical inference, and in pattern classification, and discuss more generally the view of incompleteness processes defended here as well as some of its consequences.
Unsupervised Methods for Determining Object and Relation Synonyms on the Web
Authors: Yates A. , Etzioni O.
Published: July 2018

The task of identifying synonymous relations and objects, or synonym resolution, is critical for high-quality information extraction. This paper investigates synonym resolution in the context of unsupervised information extraction, where neither hand-tagged training examples nor domain knowledge is available. The paper presents a scalable, fully-implemented system that runs in O(KN log N) time in the number of extractions, N, and the maximum number of synonyms per word, K. The system, called Resolver , introduces a probabilistic relational model for predicting whether two strings are co-referential based on the similarity of the assertions containing them. On a set of two million assertions extracted from the Web, Resolver resolves objects with 78% precision and 68% recall, and resolves relations with 90% precision and 35% recall. Several variations of resolver's probabilistic model are explored, and experiments demonstrate that under appropriate conditions these variations can improve F1 by 5%. An extension to the basic Resolver system allows it to handle polysemous names with 97% precision and 95% recall on a data set from the TREC corpus.
Pozzolanic activity of central Anatolian volcanic tuff and its usability as admixture in mortar
Authors: Biricik Hasan , Sanrı Karapınar Işıl
Published: July 2018

The mechanical and physical properties of volcanic tuffs from central Anatolian province were investigated for use as admixtures in pozzolanic cement. Five different cement mortar specimens were prepared by replacing cement with volcanic tuff in ratios of 0, 15, 25, 35 and 45% by mass. The flexural and compressive strengths of the specimens were determined at the ages of 7, 28 and 56 d. The effects of the tuff replacement ratio on workability, setting time and volume expansion were also examined. Based on the results, it was concluded that central Anatolian volcanic tuff has pozzolanic activity and is suitable for use as an alternative adherent material in the cement industry.
Short-term elemental release from Portland cement concrete in hypersaline leaching conditions
Authors: Boulard Lise , Kautenburger Ralf
Published: July 2018

In the context of the long-term safety assessment of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) disposal, the initial release of metal ions from cementitious materials used as technical barriers is of great interest due to their possible interactions with HLW radionuclides (e.g. influencing the retention behaviour of radionuclides in engineered and natural barriers) due to water ingress. In the geochemical conditions in northern Germany, the porewater is of very high salinity, with salt contents of up to 2·5 M. In this work, the elemental composition of leaching water (with different types and amounts of salt) after 24 to 72 h contact with concrete was studied in order to simulate different water intrusion scenarios. It was found that in, addition to the main concrete elements (calcium, silicon, aluminium and iron), many trace elements were quantified in the concrete leachate. The influence of the concrete grain size in the leaching experiment showed that the use of particles <100 μm is necessary to obtain reproducible results. The influences of different solution salinities and the addition of calcium chloride and sodium sulfate on the leaching process were examined. For most elements, an increase in sodium chloride concentration enhanced the leaching process.
Thermo-elasto-plastic analysis of geosynthetic clay liners exposed to thermal dehydration
Authors: Ghorbani Javad , El-Zein Abbas , Airey David W
Published: July 2018

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are designed to minimise contaminant migration into subsoils in landfills and other waste containment systems. The so-called mixture theory has typically been chosen as a basis for numerical models describing the complicated behaviour of GCLs subjected to thermo-hydro-mechanical changes. Despite progress in this area in the past decade, some aspects of the response of GCLs have not been captured by these simulations. For example, a typical assumption of these analyses is that the mechanical response to thermal loads of GCLs can be described by linear or non-linear elastic constitutive equations. However, there is evidence that in many instances plastic deformation cannot be avoided. The primary aim of this study is to analyse the hydration and dehydration behaviour of GCLs within a thermo-elasto-plastic framework. First, a thermo-elasto-plastic constitutive model is introduced and numerically implemented. Next, the results of numerical simulations of the performance of GCLs are presented and discussed and the effects of deviations from elastic behaviour are identified. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to identify the influence of key parameters in the constitutive model on the horizontal stress in the GCL’s bentonite during restrained shrinkage driven by thermal dehydration.
The mechanism for increasing the efficiency of business processing of industrial enterprises on the basis of antocrossing
Authors: Alkarawy H. G.W.
Published: July 2018

Studying the problems associated with dynamism and the volatility of the economic environment require the constant development of the enterprise is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, marked by many unresolved problems. The choice of other business processes for outsourcing is an important problem, from the decision of which depends the efficiency of the development of industrial enterprises. They require constant development and improvement of the organization of the enterprise, development of new, progressive forms and management methods that can minimize and neutralize the impact of negative factors on the indicators of their development. Especially it concerns the industrial enterprises. The problems of low competitiveness of industrial enterprises, the limited resources necessary for their effective functioning, and the low level of human resources require changes in economic activity through effective management methods, high efficiency of business processes and increase the competitiveness of business entities, which should become the basis for the formation of a new model of economic activity of industrial enterprises on the basis of the constructed model for choosing the optimal outsourcing, providing to increase the efficiency of the industrial process of an industrial enterprise. The development of modern economy is based on the effectiveness of business processes, therefore research of business processes of industrial enterprises, are based on it, deserves special attention. Accelerating the pace of modernization, the speed of creating new knowledge and competition need not just the use of more advanced technical and technological solutions, but the introduction of management methods based on the model of choice of optimal outsourcing. Therefore, business processes in industrial enterprises are closely related to the introduction of new methods, technologies and management tools aimed at adapting business entities to the changing conditions of the external environment and the full realization of their production and potentials, and those that allow an industrial enterprise to obtain other competitive advantages.
Evolution of educational levels and qualifications of graduates of higher education institutions
Authors: Solov’ev V. P. , Pereskokova T. A.
Published: July 2018

The article devoted to the changes in the levels of vocational education and the qualifications of graduates of higher education organizations. Simple parameters of graduates of a single-level Soviet higher school in the form of qualifications – the engineer was understandable to consumers and corresponded to the labor qualifications of workers, primarily enterprises. The transition of Russia’s higher education system to a multilevel system led to the establishment of incomprehensible qualifications for employers such as bachelor’s and master’s degrees for university graduates. It is offered to graduates of higher educational institutions, who have mastered the bachelor and master’s programs, to assign not the qualifications, but the academic degrees of bachelor and master. And for the «recognition» of graduates of various universities to give them an annex to the diploma with a list of formed competencies. Presented the stages of changing educational standards, beginning in 1994. Revealed the inconsistency of professional and educational standards regarding the formulation of requirements for the education of workers. The generalized content of the professional standard of a typical production specialist is disclosed. The levels of qualifications of the Labor Code are given. It is shown that graduates of higher education organizations that do not have professional experience will begin to acquire it for 4 or 5 skill levels. The basic level of qualification of bachelors and specialists is 6, which is confirmed in professional standards. Attention is drawn to the formation in the students of the aggregate of two groups of competences: professional and social, which meets the requirements of professional standards of specialists. To guarantee the quality of training, it is proposed to provide a competence model of graduates for approval and review to employers who will compare it with the official duties of employees of relevant qualification levels or with a professional standard.
Colorectal stenting in cancer patients
Authors: Yurichev I. N. , Karasev I. A. , Vereschak V. V. , Burdyukov M. S. , Malikhova O. A. , Malikhov A. G.
Published: July 2018

Background. Malignant colonic obstruction (MCO) it is one of the most common and severe complications of colon and rectal cancer. The mechanisms underlying MCO development include impairments in motor, secretory and resorptive functions of the intestine, disorders of water-electrolyte metabolism, endotoxicosis, and compartment syndrome. All of these conditions significantly reduce patient survival.

Objective: to compare the outcomes of colonic stenting in patients with primary and secondary tumors and to assess the efficacy of surgical treatment.

Material and methods. This retrospective study included 149 patients with MCO caused by both primary colon tumors and secondary compression or extra-colon tumors. All patients underwent X-ray guided colonic stenting in the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 2013 and 2017.

Results. Primary technical success was achieved in 143 (96 %) patients, whereas overall technical success (including restenting) was achieved in 144 (96.6 %) patients. A total of 121 (84 %) patients demonstrated complete clinical success, while 23 (15.98 %) patients had partial clinical success. The efficacy of stenting was significantly higher in patients with primary colorectal cancer than in patients with secondary lesions of the colon (96.7 % vs. 27.3 %; p <0.0001).

Conclusion. Stenting is a safe and effective method of comprehensive treatment for patients with colon cancer and signs of MCO. It expands the scope of palliative care for disseminated cancer. However, in patients with extra-organ compression and secondary lesions of the colon, this procedure remains largely ineffective.
Effect of spinal mobilization with leg movement as an adjunct to neural mobilization and conventional therapy in patients with lumbar radiculopathy: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Das Subarna , Dowle Praveen , Iyengar Raju
Published: July 2018

Background: In lumbar radiculopathy there is compression or inflammation of a spinal nerve and it may be accompanied by numbness and tingling, muscle weakness or loss of spinal reflexes in one or both lower limbs. Conventional physiotherapy which includes back extension exercises has varying degree of success in pain and functional outcome in lumbar radiculopathy. Mulligan's spinal mobilization with limb movement (SMWLM) and Shacklock's neural tissue mobilization are few of the techniques employed in the management of lumbar radiculopathy. The purpose of the study was to find out whether spinal mobilization with leg movement as an adjunct to neural mobilization and conventional therapy could bring better outcome in patients when compared to conventional therapy or neural mobilization and conventional therapy. Methods: 90 patients were selected randomly with lumbar radiculopathy. Duration of the study was for six weeks. The study included 3 groups, control group received back extension exercises and hot pack, experimental group 1 received neural mobilisation and conventional physiotherapy and experimental group 2 received SMWLM along with neural mobilisation and conventional physiotherapy. The outcomes included NPRS, SLR using goniometry and MOLBPQ which were assessed at day 1 and 2, 4, 6 week. ANOVA was done for inter group analysis and paired t-test was done for intra group analysis. Results: All the groups showed significant difference (P -0.000 < 0.05) at 2, 4, 6 weeks of NPRS, MOLBPQ and SLR. The mean difference and paired t-test values of experimental group 2 was more when compared to experimental group 1 and control group at the end of 6 weeks. Conclusion: All the three groups showed improvement in pain, functional disability and straight leg raise (SLR). SMWLM as an adjunct to neural mobilization and conventional therapy showed significantly better outcomes in pain, functional disability and SLR when compared to conventional therapy or neural mobilization and conventional therapy.
Poesia, profecia e a experiência do divino na Grécia Antiga
Authors: Frade Gustavo
Published: July 2018

O artigo rastreia pontos de contato entre a poesia e a profecia na Grécia Antiga, a partir da leitura da poesia grega arcaica e de estudos com perspectiva literária e antropológica. Os pontos de contato são reunidos em três tópicos principais: a experiência do divino; a confluência de elementos formais que propiciam a confluência de interpretação poética e interpretação profética; o uso narrativo de profecias e sinais interpretáveis na poesia épica grega. Fazem parte da recepção e da performance da poesia grega arcaica algo que vai além do entretenimento ou da experiência estética (embora esses aspectos sejam significativos) e que toca a experiência do divino.
A influência do conceito de felicidade da poesia arcaica grega na literatura sapiencial judaica após o cativeiro babilônico
Authors: Torres Milton Luiz
Published: July 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma comparação de aspectos do conceito de felicidade na poesia arcaica grega com a literatura sapiencial judaica após o cativeiro babilônico, com o objetivo de estabelecer a relação de uma com a outra. Para tanto, analisa a tensão existente entre sabedoria convencional e subversiva nas duas iteraturas, dando especial atenção a sete dimensões relativas à felicidade: a moderação, o conhecimento de si, o controle das paixões, o respeito aos próprios limites, o tipo de morte, o esquivar-se à fiança e, finalmente, a saúde. A vertente predominante da literatura sapiencial judaica é aquela expressa nos livros de Provérbios, Eclesiástico, Sabedoria e Salmos de Salomão. São os livros de Jó e Eclesiastes que requerem explicação devido a sua filiação aos apotegmas da sabedoria subversiva, incomum nos círculos judaicos.  A conclusão de que essa vertente tenha se originado do contato com os gregos tem duas vantagens explanatórias: dá algum tipo de suporte à suposição tão comum entre os historiadores do judaísmo de que os processos de helenização de Israel tiveram início bem antes do século III, período geralmente apontado como época do desencadeamento de tais processos, e propõe uma solução ao menos provisória para a misteriosa incursão de uma vertente não consuetudinária na literatura sapiencial judaica.
SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÇEVRESEL TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ (GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: DOĞUÇ Ece , ARIKAN Gamze
Published: July 2018

Çevresel kaygının insanların tutum ve değerlerine nasıl
yansıtıldığının anlaşılması, duyarlı çevre yönetiminin geliştirilmesi için
önemlidir. Araştırma, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık yönetimi bölümünde okuyan
öğrencilerin çevreye ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 311 öğrenci ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin sosyo demografik değişkenlere
göre çevresel duyarlılıklarının fark yaratıp yaratmadığı incelenmiştir.

Araştırmada öğrencilerin
çevresel tutum ve davranışlarını ölçmek için Carroliza ve Berenguer (2000)
tarafından geliştirilen 16 maddeden oluşan çevresel tutum ve davranış ölçeği
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin çevreye ilişkin görüşlerinin
cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır
(MWU= -2,067,  p<0.05; KWH= 11,734,
p<0.05). Erkek öğrencilerin çevre duyarlılığı kadın öğrencilere göre daha
fazladır. Yaş değişkenindeki farklılığı bulmak için yapılan Mann Whitney U testi
sonucunda 18 yaş ve altı ile 22 yaş ve üzerindeki öğrenciler; 19-21 yaş
arasındaki öğrenciler ile 22 yaş ve üzerindeki öğrenciler arasında anlamlı
farklılık olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin yaşı ilerledikçe çevre
duyarlılığının arttığı görülmüştür.
HAYVAN ÇİFTLİĞİ ROMANINDAKİ AST ÜST İLİŞKİLERİNİN EFENDİ-KÖLE DİYALEKTİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BOZKURT Kerem , GÜNAY Ahmet , ÇELİK Rukiye
Published: July 2018

Örgütler hiyerarşi açısından değerlendirildiğinde çalışanların hem
ast hem de üst olabildikleri durumlar gözlenebilmektedir. Örgütlerde ast-üst
ilişkisinin devamlı olarak yaşanır ve bu ilişki örgütün temelini oluşturur. Bu
çalışmada George Orwell’ın Hayvan Çiftliği Roman’ındaki ast-üst ilişkileri, söz
konusu diyalektik bağlamında ele alınmıştır. İnsanların baskısı altında bir
çiftlikte yaşayan hayvanların ayaklanarak çiftlik yönetimini ele geçirdiği ve
baskın grup olan domuzların bu süreçten sonra hayvanlara insanlardan da zalim
davranışını anlatan Hayvan Çiftliği romanı; özgürlük ve eşitlik adına verilen
mücadelenin akabinde kazanılan zaferin hemen ardından ortaya çıkan despot
liderlerin ikilemini anlatmaktadır. Bilinçten yoksun kitlelerin (kölelerin)
özbilincini kurduktan sonra efendi rolüne bürünmeleri ile dolayımlanan ast-üst
ilişkisi, özgürlük ve hegomoni çatışması olarak özetlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı; Hayvan Çiftliği romanındaki ast-üst ilişkilerinin Efendi-Köle
Diyalektiği çerçevesinde incelenmesidir. Çalışma nitel bir araştırma olarak
kurgulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda söz konusu romandaki metinler retorik analizi ile
incelenmiştir. Retorik analizi bağlamdan ayrı düşünülemeyeceğinden dolayı bu
ilişkileri yansıtan metinlerde, Efendi-Köle ikilemine dair dayanaklar araştırılmıştır.
Bu aşamada Hayvan Çiftliği romanı satır-satır analiz (line by lineanalysis)
yaklaşımı ile okunmuştur.
Características del efecto Lau empleando redes de fase y de volumen fotorrefractivas
Authors: Forte Gustavo , Tebaldi Myrian , Bolognini Néstor
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se estudia el efecto Lau empleando redes de fase de volumen generadas en un cristal fotorrefractivo tipo BSO. En nuestra propuesta la red de fase objeto se genera mediante la proyección de la imagen de una red iluminada incoherentemente en el volumen del cristal. Para esta red de fase fotorrefractiva se define un parámetro de modulación que depende del espesor del cristal. Se presentan resultados teóricos para diferentes distancias entre redes objeto-fuente que confirman nuestra propuesta. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Sonidos del comer: propuestas para el estudio intermodal entre el sabor y la música
Authors: Razumiejczyk Eugenia , Macbeth Guillermo , Hurtado Gisela , Pereyra Girardi Carolina , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una síntesis original del proceso de correspondencias del gusto con otras modalidades sensoriales. Para ello, los autores presentan el concepto de integración multisensorial entendido como proceso de correspondencias y de suposición de la unidad, ambos facilitados por la congruencia semántica.Asimismo, se muestran diversos estudios que han investigado la percepción del gusto/sabor y sus correspondencias. Los principales resultados hallaron que parámetros específicos de sonidos pueden modificar la experiencia del gusto añadiendo significativamente placer a la experiencia de comer y beber del consumidor. Sin embargo, es importante destacar la relevancia de la validez ecológica en los estudios intermodales. Los autores presentan varias líneas de fructíferas de investigación. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Aporte e decomposição de serapilheira em área pósmineração em processo de recuperação com espécies florestais
Authors: Silva Bruno Eustáquio Cirilo , Silva Marlinda Rufina Jolomba , Medina Eduardo Ferreira
Published: July 2018

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o aporte e a taxa de decomposição da serapilheira. O estudo foi conduzido em Miraí (MG), no período de outubro de 2013 a setembro de 2015. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas receberam diferentes coberturas arbóreas, sendo o primeiro tratamento composto exclusivamente, por eucalipto (Eucaliptus urograndis) (PE), o segundo por angico vermelho (Anadentheramacrocarpa) (PA), enquanto o terceiro envolveu 16 espécies nativas da região (PM). As subparcelas receberam diferentes tipos de adubações. A avaliação da produção de serapilheira foi realizada pela instalação de coletores com 4 m² suspensos 0,5 m acima do solo, alocados nas entrelinhas de plantio, totalizando três coletores por subparcela. A quantidade de serapilheira acumulada no solo foi determinada com o auxílio de um gabarito de 0,25 m², lançado cinco vezes aleatoriamente nas subparcelas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 10 % de probabilidade. O PE foi o que apresentou maior aporte mensal de serapilheira, enquanto PA foi o menor. O tipo de adubação não influenciou significativamente o aporte total e médio da serapilheira. Na interação da cobertura florestal com a época do ano, houve influência significativa na produção de serapilheira do PM, com maior produção na época seca. A taxa de decomposição doPA e do PM foram influenciadas significativamente pela interação cobertura florestal x época do ano, com maior taxa de decomposição na época chuvosa.
Appositive ki Clauses in Turkish
Authors: Meral Hasan Mesut
Published: July 2018

This study explores the post-nominal appositives formed with the so called complementizer ki in Turkish. It makes two sets of arguments: (i) Post-nominal appositives formed with ki do not form a constituent with their antecedents in syntax, instead they are formed as separate clauses, having their own illocutionary act and being opaque to syntactic operations of their host clauses, hence non-integrated in the sense of Cinque (2008), (ii) Appositive ki clauses involve neither subordination, nor coordination, rather they are ForcePs adjoining to the root clause, and this root level adjunction is characterized as concatenation without labels in the sense of Horstein (2009) and Citko (2016).
Biçim-Sözdizimsel Ölçümlerin 3-7 Yaş Grubunda İncelenmesi
Authors: Acarlar Funda , Servi Ceyhun , Alak Gamze
Published: July 2018

Biçim-sözdizimsel gelişimin değerlendirilmesinde dil örneği analizi yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 3-7 yaş arasındaki çocukların dil örneklerinden alınan biçim-sözdizimsel ölçümlerin yaşla ve birbirleriyle ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla dil örneklerinden Ortalama Sözce Uzunluğu (OSU), Yan Cümle Oranı (YCO) ve Sözdizimi Karmaşıklığı İndeksi (SÖZK) puanları hesaplanmıştır. Bu ölçümlerin yaşla ilişkileri ve yaşı yordama güçleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma grubunda yer alan 142 çocuktan sohbet bağlamında dil örnekleri alınmıştır. İncelenen üç ölçüm ortalamalarının yaşla doğru orantılı olarak arttığı, OSU’nun yaş ile yüksek düzeyde, YCO ve SÖZK’nın ise orta düzeyde ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.  Her ölçümün yaşla ilişkileri ve biçim-sözdizimsel gelişimi değerlendirme amaçlı kullanım potansiyelleri tartışılmıştır.
A reflexão dos estudantes sobre a tarefa de elaborar questões de Física: um olhar ao longo do tempo
Authors: Lucas Atos Edwin Pereira da Silva , Maximo Pereira Marta
Published: July 2018

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que a metacognição pode ser desenvolvida na escola, por intermédio da mediação docente. Tem-se como objetivo investigar o modo como a atividade denominada “Elaboração e resolução reflexivas de questões pelos estudantes” influenciou no desenvolvimento da metacognição dos estudantes. Para tanto, estudantes de Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio, de uma instituição federal de ensino, que realizaram tal atividade nos anos de 2014, 2015 e 2016, em aulas de Física. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa com dados obtidos em entrevistas com alguns dos alunos. Conhecimentos metacognitivos e aspectos afetivos foram usados como embasamento teórico para a análise dos dados. Foi possível concluir que, mesmo conhecendo os critérios da tarefa e tendo tido a oportunidade de desenvolver estratégias para realizá-la ao longo das diferentes aplicações da atividade, a presença do conhecimento científico a ser abordado na questão é também um elemento central na realização da tarefa.
Estratégias metacognitivas na resolução de problemas verbais de matemática no ensino fundamental
Authors: Lima Pablo Jovellano dos Santos , Silva Marcia Gorette Lima da , Noronha Claudianny Amorim
Published: July 2018

A resolução de problemas no ensino de matemática é um assunto investigado nos últimos tempos, particularmente, no que se refere as distintas definições e dificuldades relacionadas ao seu tratamento em sala de aula. Neste artigo, buscamos discutir a importância da prática argumentativa na resolução de problemas verbais no ensino de matemática, principalmente, como pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do pensamento metacognitivo. Em concreto buscamos inferir a partir dos discursos dos alunos, ao externalizarem suas ideias, possíveis estratégias metacognitivas durante a atividade de resolução de problemas matemáticos verbais. Para tal, realizamos uma investigação com sete alunos do 6o ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, onde desenvolvemos atividades que promovessem discussões e debates em sala de aula, estimulando o uso da argumentação. A partir dos episódios transcritos dos debates entre os participantes foi possível identificar indícios da autorregulação do processo de aprendizagem, tais como questionamentos, emissão de opiniões, defesa de ideias e justificativa de escolhas. Entendemos que atividades dirigidas para fomentar a argumentação auxiliam na reflexão consciente contribuindo ao sujeito monitorar e controlar o seu entendimento, assim como suas dificuldades, permitindo-o confrontar ideias internamente, e, assim, agregar ou produzir novos conhecimentos.
A Survey Of Personal Hurdles Contributing To Failures Of Rural Entrepreneurship: Economic Implications For Owner-Managers
Authors: Agbenyegah Albert Tchey , Dlamini Bongani Innocent
Published: July 2018

This study seeks to explore with keen understanding of personal hurdles as revealed by owner-managers from two rural settings of the Northern Cape Province (NCP). The study focuses on personal hurdles that according to literature contributes to the growing failure of entrepreneurial activities. Personal hurdles were assessed using “Statistical Package for the Social Science” (SPSS). A survey method is utilized in gathering primary dataset, descriptive analysis and frequency tables were used to assess all the basic variables including the personal hurdles of owner-managers. Factor analysis was utilized as a determinant of personal hurdles. Formulated hypotheses for the study were tested by the inferential statistic of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Relationships between dependent (rural entrepreneurial failures) and independent variables (resources, information and infrastructure gaps) were ascertained through the Pearson Correlation techniques. The study revealed that the resource gaps affect rural entrepreneurial failure (REF)On the other hand, information and infrastructure do not have significant effect on REF.A moderate positive linear correlation between resource gap and REF was detected. Furthermore, there is a low positive linear correlation between REF and the two independent variables (information and infrastructure gaps) were detected.
POTENSI LAHAN NON PRODUKTIF UNTUK USAHA HUTAN RAKYAT (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Leuwiliang dan Kecamatan Leuwisadeng, Kabupaten Bogor)
Authors: Mutaqin Faizal , Purwawangsa Handian
Published: July 2018

Berdasarkan kajian dari Direktorat Kajian Strategis dan Kebijakan Pertanian IPB tahun 2013, di Kabupaten Bogor terdapat sekitar 9.000 ha lahan non produktif yang berpotensi dikembangkan untuk usaha dibidang pertanian dan kehutanan. Lahan merupakan salah satu modal utama pembangunan, karena dengan mengelola lahan secara optimal dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis karakteristik lahan non produktif dan mengetahui potensi lahan-lahan tersebut untuk usaha hutan rakyat.  Keberadaan lahan non produktif yang berada di Kecamatan Leuwiliang dan Leuwisadeng disebabkan banyak faktor, yaitu ketidaktahuan pemilik terhadap potensi lahan yang dimilikinya, tidak memiliki modal yang cukup dalam upaya pengelolaan lahan non produktif serta mengalami kebangkrutan dalam usaha yang telah dijalankan sebelumnya. Upaya pengelolaan lahan non produktif sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengurangi anomali jumlah lahan yang tidak diberdayakan. Lahan non produktif yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Leuwiliang dan Leuwisadeng sangat berpotensi untuk usaha hutan rakyat dan dipadukan dengan agroforestry.
A Metaheuristic Approach to Optimize European Call Function with Boundary Conditions
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Razzaq Oyoon Abdul , Hameed Tooba
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pricing European call option valuation problems under the exercise price, maturity, risk-free interest rate, and the volatility function. An advance methodology, Chebyshev simulated annealing neural network (ChSANN), is enforced for the Black-Scholes (B-S) model with boundary conditions. Our scheme is stable and easy to implement on B-S equation, for arbitrary volatility and arbitrary interest rate values. Also, the comparative results demonstrate that the attained approximate solutions are converging towards the exact solution. The graphical results show that the increasing flow of the European call option as the exponential increase takes place in assets. The presented algorithm can be further applied to other financial models with certain boundary conditions. The algorithm of the method shows that the approach can also be easily employed on time-fractional B-S equation.
Headings of UCAV Based on Nash Equilibrium
Authors: Dai Li , Xie Zheng
Published: July 2018

Given n vertices in a plane and UCAV going through each vertex once and only once and then coming back, the objective is to find the direction (heading) of motion in each vertex to minimize the smooth path of bounded curvature. This paper studies the headings of UCAV. First, the optimal headings for two vertices were given. On this basis, an n-player two-strategy game theoretic model was established. In addition, in order to obtain the mixed Nash equilibrium efficiently, n linear equations were set up. The simulation results demonstrated that the headings given in this paper are effective.
Atribut Mutu Empat Kultivar Kopi Arabika pada Ketinggian Tempat Tumbuh dan Metode Pengolahan yang Berbeda
Authors: Randriani Enny , Dani Dani , Wardiana Edi
Published: July 2018

The cup quality of Arabica coffee is influenced not only by its cultivar, but also the altitudes and bean processing techniques.  However, the interaction between those three factors has not been widely reported. The research aimed to analyze the quality attributes of four Arabica coffee cultivars grown at different altitudes as well as processed by different methods. The study was conducted at coffee plantations in Kampung Legok Gede at 1,400 m above sea level (asl) and Pasir Geulis at 1,700 m asl, Margamulya Village, Cikajang District, Garut Regency; Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crop Research Institute (Balittri), Sukabumi; and Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, from April until November 2017. Data were analyzed by anova of completely randomized design in factorial three factors and two replications. The first factor is cultivars, the second factor is altitude, and the third factor is processing method. Correlation and path analysis were also used in this study.  The result showed significant interaction between three tested treatments on aftertaste and body attributes. The cultivars factor significantly influenced the total score, balance, and overall attributes. The altitudes factor has significant effect on total score and flavor attribute, meanwhile processing methods exhibited significant effect on total score, aroma, and flavor attributes. All of the coffee quality attributes highly correlated with the total score, whereas the overall attribute has the strongest direct effect.
Sürdürülebilir Afet Yönetiminde Atık Yönetimi
Authors: GÜLER Ülker Aslı
Published: July 2018

Afetler dünya genelinde
önemli hasarlara neden olmaktadırlar. Bu hasarlar; yaşamın normalleşmesi,
yeniden yapılanma ve genel atık toplama ve bertaraf süreçlerinde çevresel ve
ekonomik bir yüke neden olmaktadır. Bir afetin büyüklüğü, var olan tehlike ve zarar
görebilirlik kavramları ile ilgilidir. Zarar görebilirlik ifadesine etki eden
önemli faktörlerden biri de çevre kavramıdır. Hızlı nüfus artışı, düzensiz
şehirleşme, doğal çevrenin tahribi, küresel iklim değişiklikleri, öngörülemeyen
tehlike ve riskler afetlerin büyüklüğünü etkilemekte ve toplumlarda önemli
mağduriyetler yaratmaktadırlar. Ayrıca, meydana gelen afetler, şiddetlerine bağlı
olarak fazla miktarda enkaz ve atık oluşturabilirler. Sürdürülebilir bir afet
yönetim sistemi tüm bu olası afetlerin zararlarını azaltabilmek için
uygulanmalıdır. Afet yönetim sistemi içerisinde atık yönetimi önemli bir yer
tutmaktadır. Afetler sonucu oluşan atıklar, bu atıkların bertaraf seçenekleri
ve uygulanan bertaraf yöntemleri çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından oldukça önemlidir.
Afet atık yönetimi stratejileri; atık planlama ve kontrolü, atık bileşimi ve
miktarı, atıkların toplanması ve bertaraf seçenekleri, çevre ve halk sağlığı
yasal mevzuatlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. İyi yönetilemeyen sistem sonucu
ortaya çıkan atıklar, çevre ve halk sağlığı sorunlarına neden olabilmektedir.
Bu derleme çalışmasında, literatüre dayanarak sürdürülebilir afet yönetiminde
atık yönetiminin yeri tartışılmıştır. Afet atık yönetimine ilişkin bilgilere
ilaveten mevcut yasal mevzuat ve organizasyon yapıları hakkında da bilgiler
verilmiştir.
Preoperative Albumin Level Serves as a Predictor for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Following Elective Laparoscopic Gastrectomy
Authors: Chen Yun , Wu Guorong , Wang Ruichun , Chen Junping
Published: July 2018

Objective: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs) can contribute to increased mortality and
prolonged hospital stay in surgical patients with Gastric Cancer (GC). This study aimed to investigate potential
risk factors for PPCs in elderly GC patients following elective laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Methods:

Eligible consecutive elderly GC patients (aged over 65 years) who were scheduled to undergo elective
laparoscopic gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. The demographic, clinicopathological characteristics and
laboratory variables were compared in patients with or without PPCs within postoperative 30 days. Risk factors
for PPCs were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve
analysis.

Results:

35 of all the 262 enrolled patients have developed PPCs with an incidence of 13.4%. Age, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure (CHF), forced expiratory volume in one second/
forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio, duration of operation, hemoglobin, albumin and C-reactive protein
(CRP) were potential risk factors for PPCs by univariate analysis. The preoperative albumin level was the only
independent risk factor for PPCs (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.06-1.28, P=0.011) by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Preoperative albumin level was a predictor for PPCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.728 and a cut-off
value of 33.8 mg/dl (specificity: 54.19%, sensitivity: 77.14%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Preoperative albumin level was an independent risk factor for PPCs in elderly GC patients after
elective laparoscopic gastrectomy.
Heat Shock Factor (HSF): The Promoter of Chaperone Genes. A Mini Review
Authors: Quel Natália Galdi , Ramos Carlos H.I.
Published: July 2018

Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is required for proper cell function and thus must be
under tight maintenance in all circumstances. In crowded cell conditions, protein folding is sometimes
unfavorable, and this condition is worsened during stress situations. Cells cope with such stress
through the use of a Protein Quality Control system, which uses molecular chaperones and heat shock
proteins as its major players. This system aids with folding, avoiding misfolding and/or reversing aggregation.
A pivotal regulator of the response to heat stress is Heat Shock Factor, which is recruited to
the promoters of the chaperone genes, inducting their expression. This mini review aims to cover our
general knowledge on the structure and function of this factor.
A Proteomic Analysis of Mitochondrial Complex III Inhibition in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Acioglu Cigdem , Tuzuner Mete Bora , Serhatli Muge , Acilan Ceyda , Sahin Betul , Akgun Emel , Adiguzel Zelal , Gurel Busra , Baykal Ahmet Tarik
Published: July 2018

Background and Objective: Antimycin A (AntA) is a potent Electron Transport System (ETS) inhibitor exerting its effect through inhibiting the transfer of the electrons by binding to the quinone reduction site of the cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III), which is known to be impaired in Huntington’s Disease (HD). The current studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of complex III inhibition in the SH-SY5Y cell line to delineate the molecular and cellular processes, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of HD.

Methods:

We treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with AntA in order to establish an in vitro mitochondrial dysfunction model for HD. Differential proteome analysis was performed by the nLCMS/ MS system. Protein expression was assessed by western blot analysis.

Results:

Thirty five differentially expressed proteins as compared to the vehicle-treated controls were detected. Functional pathway analysis indicated that proteins involved in ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway were up-regulated in AntA-treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the ubiquitinated protein accumulation was confirmed by immunoblotting. We found that Prothymosin α (ProT α) was downregulated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression was co-regulated with ProT α expression, hence knockdown of ProT α in SH-SY5Y cells decreased Nrf2 protein level.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that complex III impairment might downregulate ubiquitinproteasome function and NRF2/Keap1 antioxidant response. In addition, it is likely that downregulation of Nrf2 is due to the decreased expression of ProT α in AntA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Our results could advance the understanding of mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
Synthesis of 1-(3-Phenylpropyl)-4-(pyridinylmethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalines
Authors: Summer Dominik , Matuszczak Barbara
Published: July 2018

Starting from 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline, a synthetic strategy for the preparation of 1-(3-
phenylpropyl)-4-(pyridinylmethoxy)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines is described.
Synthesis of Spiro Compounds Based on 1H-Pyrrole-2,3-Diones
Authors: Konovalova Valeriya V. , Maslivets Andrey N.
Published: July 2018

Polycyclic structures fused at a central carbon are of great interest due to their appealing conformational features and their structural implications in biological systems. Although progress in the development of synthetic methodologies towards such structures has been impressive, the stereoselective construction of such quaternary stereocentres remains a significant challenge in the total synthesis of natural products. This review summarises a series of studies on the reactions of 1H-pyrrole-2,3- diones with nucleophiles and highlights the progress in the formation of new polyheterocyclic compounds with concomitant formation of the quaternary spiro centre.