bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leading Construction Quality Management Efforts for Milestone Projects: From The Baluarte-Bicentennial Bridge to The Otay-Tijuana Cross Border Xpress Bridge - An updated perspective
Authors:   Fercon Group, Fernandez Orozco Ramon Salvador
Published: January 2023

The success of construction projects is sustained by the cooperation and coordination of numerous multidisciplinary teams with supplementary perspectives but aligned in terms what needs to be achieved in perspectives such as safety, quality, scope, schedule, costs or environmental impact.

Leading construction quality management efforts for infrastructure projects that includes NDE, due to this multidisciplinary perspective, demands not only profound ethical commitment and comprehensive engineering knowledge, but also established leadership, acute strategic thinking, strong managerial experience and multi-role multi-cultural communication skills. Those personal characteristics and skills are often defied in conventional projects, but they are specially challenged when the project, due to its unprecedent characteristics, constitute a milestone for a sector or a region at the time of its construction.

The presentation aims to share practical insights that contribute with the success of quality management efforts in projects with unprecedent characteristics, through a parallel perspective derived from both the internal quality function of the fabricator/contractor and the external perspective of the supervision, through two remarkable projects:

1) The Baluarte-Bicentennial Bridge is a 1,124 m (3,688 ft) cable-stayed bridge located in Mexico. The bridge has a central cable-stayed span of 520 m (1,710 ft) formed by a set of structural steel bridge segments which form the road deck located at 403 m (1,322 ft)[2] above the valley below. The bridge is at the core of the Durango–Mazatlán transversal highway that interconnects the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Mexico. Due to its location, total length and height the project offered unique challenges to all participants.

2) The Otay-Tijuana Cross Border Xpress Bridge is a 390-foot (120 m) pedestrian bridge located at the United States–Mexico border that connects passenger terminals between two countries. The bridge constitutes the core of the Cross Border Xpress Complex which is a unique binational inititative that seeks to have a positive im-pact in the communities of Tijuana and San Diego. In a parallel to its operation, the construction process in-volved profound cooperation and coordination between professionals, companies and supervising authorities in both countries.

We are sharing our experience in both aiming to contribute with companies and NDE practitioners around the world with valuable insights that aim to provide them increased confidence to face the challenge of milestone projects.
New trends in the ultrasonic imaging of concrete structures by means of 3D-FMC technology
Authors:   ACS-Solutions GmbH, Bulavinov Andrey ,   ACS-Solutions GmbH, Pinchuk Roman ,   ACS-Solutions GmbH, Samokrutov Andery Anatolievich ,   ACS-Solutions GmbH, Shevaldykin Viktor Gavriilovich
Published: January 2023

The novel technologies in ultrasound generation and data processing offer new opportunities for three-dimensional imaging of concrete structures. Especially the Full-Matrix-Capture (FMC) technique with its real-time imaging capability can be successfully utilized for quality assurance in the construction industry. Although, the available testing instruments on the market implement the principle of linear transducer array with its two-dimensional reconstruction of B-Scan images based on the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) principle.
The Dry-Point-Contact (DPC) transducers utilized in commercially available instruments for concrete testing with their matrix-like layout offer a direct opportunity to implement a three-dimensional Full-Matrix-Capture (FMC) data acquisition cycle. The obtained data can be in real-time processed by 3D-TFM reconstruction and visualized and evaluated three-dimensionally.
In the present contribution both state-of-the-art and novel true-3D imaging approaches and data assessment are considered on real concrete inspection objects and the advantages of enhanced data processing with respect to improved information content and easiness of result, interpretation is discussed.
Rapid assessment of fire damage to reinforced concrete structures using the surface wave method with contact and non-contact receivers
Authors:   Chaoyang University of Technology, Hsu Keng-Tsang ,   Chaoyang University of Technology, Cheng Chia-Chi ,   Chaoyang University of Technology, Hsu S ,   Chaoyang University of Technology, Yu P
Published: January 2023

The study developed a rapid on-site assessment method for fire damage of reinforced concrete structures by using surface wave dispersion characteristics. A reinforced concrete slab containing four kinds of arrangement of steel-reinforced bars was cast. The gas furnace produced the fire damage by heating on one surface of the slab with a maximum temperature of 600˚C. The surface wave tests were carried out using an impact source and a receiver 0.5 m away from the impact location before and after the fire damage. The impactor is a small hammer embedded with a piezoelectric element to record the initial time of the impact. Contact and non-contact receivers were applied. The former is a displacement receiver, and the latter is a microphone. The surface wave response in the waveform was filtered out, and then processed by the short-time Fourier transform and reassigned method to obtain the group velocity spectrogram. The wave velocity-wavelength diagram of the surface wave was used for analysis. This study compares the results obtained by the two types of receivers before and after the fire. The influence of the relative directions between the survey line and the steel bars is also discussed. The results show that the test results obtained from the two types of receivers are similar under room temperature and 600˚C. However, the signal noise of the microphone is relatively large, and the consistency of repeated tests after a fire is poorer. The oblique angle between the measuring line and the steel bar is the most suitable choice because it can better distinguish the severity of fire damage and estimate the depth of deterioration.
Detection of impulsive signals on tendons for hybrid wind turbines using acoustic emission measurements
Authors:   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Xu Ronghua ,   Marx Krontal Partner, Käding Max ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Lange Alexander ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Ostermann Jörn ,   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Marx Steffen
Published: January 2023

The power generation of a wind turbine is determined, among other things, by its hub height. In recent years, a new, effi-cient and economical design for high wind turbine towers called hybrid towers is developed consisting of two sections. The lower section consists of prefabricated concrete ring segments that are post-tensioned together and assembled at the tur-bines site, whereas the connected upper section is composed of conventional steel rings. The prestressed tendons in the lower section are located inside the tower and ensure the stability of the wind turbine. Thus, these are critical elements and any damage to them should be detected as early as possible. The tendons are often highly prestressed and exposed to high dynamic loads. Fatigue failure in the prestressing steel is a potential risk. As the tendons are covered in plastic pipes and in some sections have contact to the concrete segments the access is limited for inspections. The aim of the presented inves-tigations is the development of a monitoring approach for the immediate detection of the occurring wire breaks. Acoustic emission measurement has been proved to be a promising technique for that and thus should be assessed. For experiments tendons were prestressed in a test frame with the dimensions of 12 x 4.1 m analogous to the boundary conditions of a real wind turbine. Wire breaks as well as wire break-like signals were generated on tendons, which are recorded by piezoelectric sensors and analyzed by a measuring device. The results show that by acoustic emission measurement the wire break signals can be well recorded. The results from the large-scale experiments are transferred towards the application at real structures.
Structural Health Monitoring of glulam infrastructures with non-destructive embedded sensors
Authors:   University of Toulouse, Greffier Guilhem ,   University of Toulouse, Perrin Marianne ,   University of Toulouse, Eyma Florent ,   University of Toulouse, Espinosa Luis ,   University of Toulouse, Uwizeyimana Placide
Published: January 2023

As an answer to actual environmental challenges, wood and specifically wood composites such as glued laminated timber (glulam) became a good alternative to “traditional” building materials such as concrete or steel. However, durability issues related to its environment, especially moisture, could be a imitating factor to the development of these structures. To allow glulam to be more widely used in infrastructures such as bridges we propose an embedded structural health monitoring system, measuring durability parameters in real time. It will allow a live assessment of the condition of the structure.
Glulam moisture sensitivity is characterized by biological degradations at high humidity rates or cracks, delamination and internal stresses caused by humidity variations leading to a loss of mechanical properties. An integrated system, developed during two theses, allows us to record humidity rate with patch type sensors using resistive measurement method and stresses in glue joints using strain gauges, both embedded in the thickness of the glue. We are currently conducting long term experiments in real climatic conditions with loaded and unloaded beams exposed in an outdoor application to correlate the effects of real-life wetting/drying cycles combined with duration of load effects on the mechanical properties of our test samples.
The running experiment started in august 2020 with 30x30x480mm model glulam beams, we are testing the bending strength of our samples to compare our results with tests conducted in climatic chamber which showed encouraging to predict the actual condition of glulam.
We plan to use our data to create a predictive model to be able to determine structural performance of glulams based on live moisture measurements. This system will allow a live mapping of humidity in glulam structures, it could help glulam structures managers in preventing moisture induced pathologies and evaluating the remaining lifespan of the glulams.
Integration and Visualization of NDE Data in Digital Building Models – A conceptual view
Authors:   Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Schickert Martin ,   Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Artus Mathias ,   Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Koch Christian
Published: January 2023

In recent years, several NDE methods have been developed to operational maturity, and measuring devices for their application are available. The task now is to combine and integrate the various data for a structure, to organize the data, store it permanently and make it accessible, to visualize and process the data, and to use the data for inspection planning and prediction.

Digital building models can be the central element here. In the context of Building Information Modeling (BIM), they can represent both the planning data and the condition data of the infrastructure over the entire life cycle. In the utilization phase, the integration of information from structural analysis and monitoring enables a detailed, up-to-date description of the condition of the structure, which can be used as a digital twin.

This contribution attempts to paint the whole picture of measurement, interpretation, digital building model, utilization, and visualization. A workflow will be developed that extends from pressing the measurement button to the automatic transfer of the measurement results to a BIM model to instant augmented reality visualization for the measuring engineer.

Important interfaces between the steps will be analyzed, including measured data from various sources consisting of raw data, parameters, interpretation, and assessment; the transformation and integration of the data into digital building models using BIM and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC); the utilization and visualization of the data through virtual and augmented reality. Special focus will be placed on database requirements including standardization, ownership, access control, and long-term support as well as on positioning of measurement and visualization devices. Examples of own and others work illustrate existing approaches, and topics for further research and development are identified and described.
UACIS: Uncrewed Aerial Concrete Inspection System
Authors:   Swiss Association for Technical Inspections, SVTI ASIT, Muller Aurelia Marine ,   Swiss Association for Technical Inspections, SVTI ASIT, Thurnherr Claudia ,   Swiss Association for Technical Inspections, SVTI ASIT, Rössler Leonardo ,   Swiss Association for Technical Inspections, SVTI ASIT, Algernon Daniel
Published: January 2023

The main challenge to the automation of NDE is the compound problem between the wide variety of NDT (non-destructive technique) available coupled with the diversity of infrastructures to be inspected. In some cases, the identification of flaws may require multiple complementary NDT to assert confidence in the results, adding further complexity to the issue. In this context, developing an automated system applicable to a wide variety of inspection conditions is an arduous task. Yet, targeting a wide range of applications, reducing inspection time or increasing safety are all essential factors to making such development worthwhile. This study aims to achieve the automation or semi-automation of ultrasonic NDT for concrete inspection using a UAV. Two NDT techniques are being considered, Impact Echo and Ultrasonic testing using Dry Point Contact transducers. Challenges regarding the mechanical and electric implementation of the NDT payloads to the UAV as well as the impact of the UAV on the recorded NDT data will be discussed and initial results will be presented.
Laser Sensing System for Contactless Detection of Subsurface Defects in Concrete Tunnel Lining
Authors:   Fraunhofer-Institut für Großstrukturen in der Produktionstechnik IGP,, Weiher Karsten ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Großstrukturen in der Produktionstechnik IGP,, Heinze Christoph ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Großstrukturen in der Produktionstechnik IGP,, Pankrath Hannes ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM, Vierhub-lorenz Valentin ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Physikalische Messtechnik IPM, Werner Christoph ,   Georgia Tech Lorraine (GTL), Geist Matthieu ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Großstrukturen in der Produktionstechnik IGP,, GEIST Michael
Published: January 2023

Regular inspections of underground infrastructure are mandatory to maintain structural integrity and traffic safety. Standard procedures rely on visual inspection, complemented by testing for internal defects of the tunnel lining with the hammering method. This testing method uses manual excitation with a hammer and interpretation of the perceived sound by an engineer or technician. Result quality is based on the experience of the executing personal and thus highly subjective. The presented project aims at the automation of this procedure to enable a fast and objective inspection covering the whole tunnel lining.
To achieve this, a new laser-based measurement system for detecting near surface defects in large concrete structures is developed. Surface vibrations are induced with plasma ignition and measured with a Doppler Vibrometer. The system has motorized mirror adjustment and can thus obtain fast-paced measurements on a grid. We present the experimental setup, the measurements performed on a concrete test block with artificial defects and the algorithms for automated defect detection. From the measured eigenfrequencies, we derive the size and location of defects. Computer vision techniques are adapted to make the system resilient against variable environmental conditions, like noise and temperature, or changes in construction material and age. These sophisticated signal processing methods are applied to extract relevant information from the measurements and are combined with topological data to provide service personnel with detailed maps for maintenance work.
First insights into the human-related risks of tunnel inspection
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Bertovic Marija ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Given Joseph
Published: January 2023

Whereas human factors in the non-destructive testing (NDT) of metallic components are a poorly investigated topic (in comparison to other industrial fields such as aviation), human factors in the inspection of concrete components are even less known. Studies have shown that there is always some variability between individuals in their inspection results and that human factors affect the reliability of NDT inspections. And even though those human factors (the effects of and interaction between technology, organisation, environment, and individual characteristics) do not necessarily lead to negative inspection outcomes, their understanding is a vital step towards preventing possible structure-breaking failures and thereby ensuring the safety of industry, environment and infrastructure.

To identify the possible human-related risks in the tunnel inspection, a systematic approach to risk management has been adopted. This involves identification of risks, their characterisation, and suggestions for risk treatment. In line with this approach, the inspections will be observed followed by interviews with inspectors to collect initial information about the inspections in the field and possible performance shaping factors. Furthermore, a human-oriented Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) will be used to identify possible human-related risks throughout data collection and evaluation and to evaluate them with respect to their possible causes, consequences, the probability of their occurrence and with respect to existing and possible preventive measures. The results aim to increase our overall understanding of human factors related to NDT, provide first insights and understanding of human factors in tunnel inspection and suggest measures to prevent human error in that application.
Practical application of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the detection of chlorides in concrete structures
Authors:   BARG Baustofflabor GmbH & Co. KG, Günther Tobias ,   BARG Baustofflabor GmbH & Co. KG, Blaschke Jil ,   BARG Baustofflabor GmbH & Co. KG, Schröder Corinna ,   BARG Baustofflabor GmbH & Co. KG, Rauh Mathias ,   BARG Baustofflabor GmbH & Co. KG, Dalichow Dirk ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Wilsch Gerd
Published: January 2023

Some reinforced concrete damage is caused by the penetration of harmful substances, such as chlo-rine, into the concrete matrix. This can trigger processes such as corrosion. With LIBS it is possible to measure a high-quality chlorine distribution. The results can be expressed in weight percent and show a 2D representation and a detailed ingress profile. In this presentation we will give an overview of how libs work and what important information this method can provide (carbonation, sulfur detection). In addition, a comparison between the wet chemical (standard procedure) and the LIBS results is shown. The advantages of the LIBS results are presented. Information on how much and how deep the chlorine penetrates is important information for civil engineering. Due to the high-resolution mapping it is pos-sible to measure a large number of measurement points on the sample (~100.000 measurement points, Drill core diameter 50 mm, length 100 mm). Each measuring point contains spectral information about the element concentration (measuring point diameter 100 µm). With this information, the data points that are aggregates can be excluded. For this reason, only measuring points relating to the cement paste matrix are considered. In this presentation, practical results are shown, and the added value of the process is presented.
Thermal performance evaluation of two types of wall panels under dynamic weather conditions
Authors:   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Alhems Luai  M. ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Ahmad Aftab ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Ibrahim Mohammed ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Ali Mohammed Rizwan ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Barry Mohamed S.
Published: January 2023

Thermal performance of two types of wall panels were evaluated under dynamic weather conditions. The thermal performance of wall pane ls (61 x 61 cm) prepared in the laboratory with a 5.0 cm extruded polystyrene (XPS) board sandwiched between two 7.5 cm concrete layers and 5.0 cm layer of foam-mortar containing expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads sandwiched between two 7.5 cm concrete layers were evaluated simultaneously in a specially designed air conditioned test box. The thermal transmittance (U-value) and resistance (R-value) of the two wall samples were determined and compared. The thermal transmittance (air to air) of sandwiched XPS concrete and EPS beads foam-mortar concrete wall panel samples are 0.836 and 2.526 W/m2 K, respectively. The corresponding mean thermal resistance values (surface to surface) of the wall panels are 1.142 and 0.292 m2 K/W, respectively. Thermal performance indicates that the wall panel sample with the XPS insulation board sandwiched between concrete is much more effective than the wall panel sample made of foam-mortar containing EPS beads sandwiched between concrete. The results also indicate that the time lag between the maximum exterior surface temperature and the maximum heat transmission on the interior surface is about 4.5 hours for both samples.
Parameter Identification for the Geomagic Touch Haptic Device
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Guajardo Benavides Evert J. , Artega Marco A. ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

Haptic devices have become increasingly popular and have been part of different areas of research, such as medicine, teleoperation, 3D modeling, just to mention a few. However, given the demands required in some fields, such as automatic control, it is essential to know their parameters and model. Different efforts have arisen for this purpose, where parametric estimation and identification is the main purpose for the application of different control algorithms. One of the most widely used haptic devices in different areas is the emph {Geomagic Touch} from 3D company. This device has been used especially in haptic applications where kinematic and dynamic models are required. However, only a few contributions have taken into account the parametric identification of this device. The main contribution of this work is the identification of the parameters of the emph {Geomagic Touch} device where experimental tests were performed for validation by means of two control laws widely used in the literature.
Observer-based control scheme for a class of high-order delayed unstable systems
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Barragan-Bonilla L. A. , Marquez-Rubio J. F. ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Del Muro-Cuéllar B. ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Duchén Sánchez G. I. ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Pineda Higuera A. R. ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Novella-Rodríguez D. F. ,   Universidad de Monterrey
Published: January 2023

One of the most common proposals to deal with the control of delayed systems is the Smith Predictor. This strategy allows estimating the signal of interest before it is delayed. Once the signal of interest has been estimated, it can be used later in the control stage for the delay-free system. As is well known, the Smith Predictor is restricted to stable systems. In the present work, a control strategy based on an observer-predictor scheme for unstable high-order systems with time delay is proposed. Likewise, an injection scheme is presented that will be used in the design of the observer-predictor scheme and analysis in the frequency domain that allows obtaining necessary and sufficient stability conditions.
Terrestrial Paths Estimation by using Satellite Tracking with lost data
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Rivera-Romero C. A. , Olivera–Reyna Ro. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Vite–Chavez O. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Flores–Troncoso J. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Muñoz–Minjares J. U. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: January 2023

Autonomous vehicles navigation requires previously plotted paths to avoid deviations or collisions with other objects. One of the main problems is the loss of location data when specific paths are designed due to disturbances in the acquisition devices. The most used technology for geo-position registration is the Global Positioning System (GPS) due to its great precision and low cost. However, the advantages of this technique for designing navigation paths are overshadowed if there is a significant loss of information. In this work, it is proposed to use a modified Iterative Unbiased Finite Impulse Response (I-UFIR) algorithm to estimate the GPS data lost. The satellite measurements are obtained with the G28U7FTTL receptor, and the lost measurements are estimated in different sections of a specific path in an urban environment. The results are corroborated by using a real map and the mean square error based on a referenced path.
Adaptive Observer for Regression Models with External Time–Dependent Disturbances
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. La Laguna, Franco Roberto , Ferreira de Loza Héctor ,   Cátedras CONACYT, Ferreira de Loza Alejandr ,   Cátedras CONACYT, Efimov Denis ,   University of Lille
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a robust adaptive observer is proposed for dynamical disturbed regression models. For the constant unknown parameters case, the proposed algorithm ensures asymptotic convergence to zero of the parameter identification error in presence of time-dependent external disturbances. For the case of the time-varying parameters, the parameter identification error converges asymptotically to an arbitrarily small region around the origin in presence of time-dependent external disturbances. The synthesis of the adaptive observer is based on the solution of a linear matrix inequality. Numerical simulations illustrate the convergence properties of the proposed algorithm.
Discontinuous observer-based convex control of the Furuta pendulum
Authors:   Institute of Technology, Ciudad Obregón, Beltrán Felipe , Vázquez David ,   Institute of Technology, Ciudad Obregón, Quintana Daniel ,   Institute of Technology, Ciudad Obregón, Bernal Miguel ,   Institute of Technology, Ciudad Obregón, Estrada-Manzo Victor ,   Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca
Published: January 2023

Discontinuous observer-based convex control of an underactuated rotatory system, better known as the Furuta pendulum, is the subject of this report. It is shown that a slight generalization of the traditional discontinuous observer design allows applying it to the referred plant. Since the observer gains are obtained via linear matrix inequalities and convex rewriting of nonlinear terms, convex control comes at hand as a better fit to drive the system to the upright position. Simulation and real-time results are presented which prove the effectiveness of the proposal.
An Energy Storage System for Islanded Microgrids
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ortiz Martín , Vieyra Natanael ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Maya-Ortiz Paul ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

The Islanded Microgrids (IMGs) arise as a solution to the integral expansion of Electric Power Systems (EPS). The IMGs can be considered as islanded subsystems that usually include renewable energy sources (RESs) in order to satisfy the consumers' demand. The inclusion of these sources is reflected in grid frequency and voltage variations, particularly, due to their intermittent nature, which depends, among other conditions, on weather changes. To mitigate the intermittence effects associated with the generation, in the present study, a backup based on an Energy Storage System (ESS) is evaluated, and it shows that quality, reliability and security of an isolated power grid are improved. Numerical evaluation, based in a three-buses IMG benchmark, is done and it corroborates the teoretical results.
Observer design for a class of nonlinear Hamiltonian systems based on energy function structure
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Granados-Salazar Christian , Rojas Michael ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Espinosa-Pérez Gerardo ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

In this paper the observer design problem for a class of nonlinear port-Hamiltonian system is addressed. The class of nonlinear Hamiltonian system is based on the structure of energy function where it is possible to pull the state apart at measured and unmeasured states which generates two interconnected Hamiltonian systems. Exploiting the properties of the class of nonlinear Hamiltonian systems a reduced order observation scheme is proposed. Finally the observer design proposed in this paper is evaluated in a magnetic levitator in order to prove its the convergence properties, also it is comparing the observer convergence characteristics and the observer performance among the observation schemes that are reported in the literature.
New System for Angular Velocity Estimation for a First-Order Manipulator Using Artificial Intelligence and Sliding Mode Differentiator
Authors:   IT de Culiacán, Tejeda-Ochoa D. A. , Peralta-Peñuñuri G. E. ,   IT de Culiacán, González-Huitrón V. A. ,   IT de Culiacán, Rodríguez-Rangel H. ,   IT de Culiacán, Baray-Arana R. ,   IT de Chihuahua, Rodríguez-Mata A. E. ,   IT de Chihuahua
Published: January 2023

On a NVIDIA Jetson Nano device, this study illustrates a unique and original usage of automated control and artificial intelligence algorithms for angular velocity estimates of a first-order manipulator device. A platform can be used as a position estimation platform using computer vision and three state estimation algorithms: sliding mode differentiator, high gain observer, and static filter. A hybrid system for process performance improvement is proposed using computer vision and three state estimation algorithms: sliding mode differentiator, high gain observer, and static filter. The results of numerical simulations are provided, as well as real-time judgments. The ITAE and IAE indices reveal that the sliding mode differentiator is much superior in angular velocity estimation for position signals utilizing artificial intelligence sensors.
Gradient-Based Extremum Seeking Control Applied to a Dark Fermentation Process
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, López-Caamal Fernando , Hernández-Escoto Héctor ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Cea-Barcia Glenda ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Torres Ixbalank ,   Universidad de Guanajuato
Published: January 2023

In this paper we use an extremum seeking control strategy to maximize the produced ethanol in a dark fermenter. Such a strategy avails of a continuous estimation of the reactor’s input-output gradient to compute the dilution rate applied to the reactor. This dilution rate, however, is updated at discrete moments. We consider a scenario in which tequila vinasse is the raw material for this fermentation process; thereby reducing the concentrations of sugars in the vinasse and at the same time obtaining ethanol. Via numerical simulations we show the applicability of the strategy when the optimal concentration of ethanol varies in time as step functions.
Observer-based supervision of the cardiovascular system with delayed measurements
Authors:   Tecnológico de Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Hernández-González O. , Guerrero-Sánchez M. E. ,   Tecnológico de Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Farza M. ,   Tecnológico de Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Astorga-Zaragoz C. M. ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Barreto-Arenas O. ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Ramírez-Rasgado F. ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the design of a chain observer for monitoring the cardiovascular system. The system presents delays in the measured output. The chain observer proposed in this work is capable of estimating the free-delay state vector. The structure of the observer consists of two subsystems: the first subsystem at the base estimates the state vector with delay and by means of the second subsystem it is possible to estimate the delay-free state vector. {The proposed observer is applied for monitoring the dynamics of the cardiovascular system by obtaining the estimation of the state vector that is not available and reconstructing the output signal.
A Robust Control Strategy for Target Tracking using a Quad–Rotor
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. La Laguna, Falcón Romeo , Ríos Héctor ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. La Laguna, Dzul Alejandro ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. La Laguna, Efimov Denis ,   Université de Lille
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a robust control strategy for a QuadRotor, under the effect of external disturbances, is proposed to track a movil target, considering time delayed measurements of the target position. For the target position, it is assumed that a monocular camera is fixed in the center of the QuadRotors bottom. It is considered that the frame rate of the camera, and the time of the image processing, provide the position of the target with a timedelay. The current target position is estimated through an identified model in order to generate the desired signals to be followed by the QuadRotor. A robust control strategy is proposed, based on a combination of PD and slidingmodes controllers. Numerical simulations show the performance of the proposed control strategy.
Semi-active control for 1 story building via a magnetorheological damper
Authors:   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Rodríguez-Torres Andrés , Morales-Valdez Jesús ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yu Wen ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the development of semi-active vibration control via a magnetorheological damper of a seismically-excited 1-story building structure. The control scheme is based on a Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID) due to its solid performance and robustness in a wide variety of operating conditions. The PID goal is to reduce the displacement of the building through a magnetorheological damper installed between the first floor and the ground. Furthermore, this control law includes an online algebraic observer that estimates the unmeasured displacement and velocity. Indeed, the obtained expressions depend only on integrals of the measured acceleration output and the control input, which is useful for practical purposes. This approach is robust to measurement noise and provides the estimated states required by the PID controller. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed scheme.
Mathematical modeling of the biotechnological production of xylitol from hydrolysates of agro-industrial waste
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Vázquez-Ricaño Oscar , Cocotle-Ronzón Yolanda ,   Universidad Veracruzana, Morales-Cabrera Miguel A. ,   Universidad Veracruzana, Hernández-Martínez Eliseo ,   Universidad Veracruzana
Published: January 2023

Xylitol is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries since it has cariogenic properties and low caloric value compared to sucrose. In recent decades, its demand has increased, which has motivated the generation of alternatives for its production. The biotechnological route is an attractive alternative since in addition to reducing production costs, it uses lignocellulosic hydrolysates from agro-industrial residues as raw material. However, due to the inherent variability in the composition of the waste, the implementation of the process is not a simple task, i. e., the determination of the operating conditions that maximize production yield requires a broad experimental design. In this sense, mathematical modeling can help reduce experimental work, and allows for predicting and evaluating the dynamic behavior of key variables, making it a useful tool for the implementation of process optimization and control schemes. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a generalized mathematical model that can be adapted to different study cases (i.e., different substrates and microorganism strains), operating conditions, and fermenter configuration. The results show high determination coefficients R2 > 0.90 for each case study, indicating that the proposed model is easily adaptable to different substrates and operating conditions. In addition, the model allows the incorporation of different effects such as pH, temperature, and agitation.
Optimal Operation of a Distillation Process Through Extremum Seeking Control
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, Hernández-Escoto Héctor , Dewasme Laurent ,   Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium, Vande Wouwer Alain ,   Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
Published: January 2023

In this work, extremum seeking control (ESC) is applied to optimize the operating conditions of a distillation column in continuous operation, to separate the components of an ideal binary mixture. The approach is based on an objective function that requires both the compositions of the distillate stream and bottom stream in an equal distance from complete purity. Numerical simulations show how the ESC drives the process to the minimum of the objective function, which is typically determined through the construction of a response surface of the objective function with respect to the process inputs. The performance of the standard ESC is compared with an accelerated version including a proportional action.
Distributed Dynamic Consensus Algorithm for Attitude Estimation
Authors:   Autonomous University of Puebla, Betanzos-Ramírez Osberto A. , Guerrero-Castellanos J. Fermi ,   Autonomous University of Puebla, Durand Sylvain ,   Strasbourg University, Torres Lizeth ,   Autonomous University of Mexico
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a new dynamic consensus algorithm for the attitude estimation of a rigid body using n Measurement Units (MUs) spatially distributed on the body. The MUs are considered as agents in a sensor network, which is modeled using graph theory. It is assumed that the nth MU shares attitude information only with its neighbor agents. Then, a dynamic consensus algorithm is developed to obtain an average quaternion that describes the general attitude of the rigid body. The objective is to get a more accurate and reliable estimation of the attitude, further providing a fault-tolerant system in the event of failure sensors. This new dynamic consensus algorithm is validated in simulation using three MUs in the network. Results show a better precision and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a good estimation of attitude even in the scenario of possible failure of any of the sensors.
Design and construction of a low-cost robotic system for teaching and research
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Flores Julio C. , Gutierrez-Giles Alejandro ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

The design and construction of a signal-acquisition and control platform for its use to control a robotic manipulator is proposed in this work. The system consists of an open-loop architecture robotic arm with DC motors and encoders, whose signals are acquired and processed using a standard PC. This platform can be potentially used for research and teaching purposes. The main contribution is its low-cost modular design with widely available components, which permits to scaling it for manipulators with several degrees of freedom. The performance of the designed system is tested by several experiments with different nonlinear controllers.
Trajectory tracking and formation of quadrotors using a backstepping control and coupling with intermediary system
Authors:   Baja California Autonomous University, Rubio-Pecasso J. , Arellano-Delgado A. ,   Baja California Autonomous University, López-Gutiérrez R. M. ,   Baja California Autonomous University, Cruz-Hernández C. ,   Electronics and Telecommunications Department Scientific Research and Advanced Studies Center of Ensenada
Published: January 2023

In this work, a trajectory-tracking scheme is proposed by using a backstepping control with a dynamic coupling used as an intermediary system of quadcopters in a master-salve configuration. The desired trajectories for the master quadcopter are conventional, concentric and chaotic trajectories. By means of a proper mathematical analysis and extensive numerical simulations, we show the correct performance of proposed scheme presented.
An Electrohydraulic Automation System based on Internet by a Single-Board Minicomputer
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, López Fabrizio , Torres Felipe J. ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Martínez Israel ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Mejía Cristian O. ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Aguirre Fabio A. ,   TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Lázaro Cárdenas
Published: January 2023

This work presents an automation system of an electrohydraulic industrial process to be implemented by a single-board minicomputer, Raspberry Pi, which executes the programming code by the use of Python language to remote control on internet of the sequential actions to both advance and retract of two double-acting hydraulic cylinders. The minicomputer uses the general purpose output port to power the solenoid valves through relays to manipulate different voltage levels, besides, input port pins are used to receive signals from limit-switch sensors to know the position of the rod. The automation design, firstly is proved by simulation to make decisions on control in comparison with the displacement-step diagram, then, experimental results are achieved by means of laboratory equipment to show the correct performance of the proposed automation approach as an application of Internet of Things via an embedded computer control system.
On stabilization, synchronization and dynamical analysis of a fractional-order chaotic map
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Zambrano-Serrano E. , Posadas-Castillo C. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Platas-Garza M. A. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Rodriguez-Maldonado J. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Loya-Cabrera A. E. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a chaotic map's fractionalization, dynamical analysis, control, and synchronization in a leader-follower configuration. The fractional-order version of the chaotic map is obtained based on the Caputo-like delta difference operator. Then, the dynamical behaviors associated with the fractional-order difference system are analyzed by employing the phase portraits, bifurcations diagrams, and Lyapunov exponent. Afterward, the control and synchronization are achieved by proposing a controller for the fractional-order map. Finally, the synchronization error based on the proposed control scheme is proven, and numerical simulations confirm that the control technique can quickly stabilize and synchronize the fractional-order chaotic maps.
Particularidades léxicas de las cartas de dote de los moriscos granadinos (1509-1513).
Authors: Admincilengua Admincilengua , Calderón Campos Miguel
Published: January 2023

En este artículo se estudia el vocabulario de las cartas dedote de los moriscos granadinos de principios del siglo XVI. Los manuscritosproceden del Archivo de Protocolos Notariales de Granada(APGr) y forman parte del Corpus diacrónico del español del Reino deGranada (CORDEREGRA). Se estudian los nombres de las monedas,joyas y ropas usadas por los moriscos y se ofrecen procedimientosmetodológicos para definir con precisión esas palabras. Para ello, setienen en cuenta las explicaciones y aclaraciones dadas por los propiosescribanos del APGr. El problema al que se enfrentaban eratener que escribir en español el nombre árabe que los tasadores decíanen voz alta.
Historia y documentación del canarismo léxico
Authors: Corrales Cristóbal , Corbella Dolores
Published: January 2023

Los acontecimientos históricos pueden ayudar a desentrañarlos avatares que ha sufrido la lengua española en su expansiónpor el Atlántico a finales del siglo XV. En el caso canario, elanálisis de los distintos aportes étnicos puede servir para explicaralgunas de las características singulares del vocabulario de esta modalidad,tanto en lo relativo a la escasa presencia de indigenismosprehispánicos como en la relevancia que adquirió el elemento poblacionalde origen portugués. Los registros documentales avalan estoshechos al mostrar el empleo, ya en los primeros documentos, de vocesusuales todavía hoy en el habla del archipiélago, muchas de ellastomadas en préstamo de los diferentes grupos que colonizaron lasislas y conformaron la nueva sociedad tras la conquista.
Léxico y esclavitud en la América colonial (s. XVII-XVIII).
Authors: Egido Fernández María Cristina
Published: January 2023

Existe un enorme caudal de documentación específica enHispanoamérica que surge del hecho de que el sistema de producciónen la sociedad colonial se estructurase sobre la esclavización de millonesde seres humanos. La actividad esclavista aparece reflejada entodo tipo de documentos: transacciones, testamentos, registros, inventarios,almonedas, cartas de compra-venta, etc. Este tipo de textosposee unas peculiaridades léxicas únicas para las que no tenemosequivalente en España. Se trata de un léxico que formó parte de lavida cotidiana de toda la sociedad americana durante cuatro siglos yque, sin embargo, es muy poco conocido fuera de su territorio. Laidentificación de los esclavos es uno de los aspectos que presentavariantes más interesantes, especialmente aquellas que nombran lasenfermedades –achaques– o «tachas» que padecían, y por las que suprecio en el mercado podía variar de forma considerable.
El uso de adjetivos para caracterizar al ganado en la documentación leonesa.
Authors: Gómez Ferrero María Cristina
Published: January 2023

En este artículo se analizan los adjetivos que se utilizanen los inventarios para caracterizar a los animales preferentementepor su color, pero también por otros rasgos como el tipo de cuernos,en el caso del ganado bovino; o la edad. Todos los términos que aquíse analizan están documentados en corpus formados por relacionesde bienes materiales (testamentos, cartas de dote, repartos de herencias,etc.) procedentes del Archivo Histórico Provincial de León,pertenecientes al Partido Judicial de La Bañeza, localizado en lazona suroccidental de la provincia de León y una parte noroccidentalde la provincia de Zamora. Estos documentos están fechados enel siglo XVIII, última parte del siglo XVII y principios del siglo XIX.