bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH RESPONS SISWA PADA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (CPS) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA
Authors: Armia Armia , Molle J. S. , Tamalene H.
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh respons siswa pada model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Creative Problem Solving (CPS) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Ambon. Desain dalam penelitian ini  adalah Causal Desaign. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Ambon. Adapun yang menjadi sampelnya adalah siswa kelas VIII-2 dengan jumlah siswa adalah  29 siswa, dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling (sampel tujuan). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa soal tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan angket respons siswa. Dari hasil analisis dengan menggunakan statistik regresi linear sederhana, menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh respons siswa pada model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada materi SPLDV kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Ambon.
Covid-modulated emphysematous pyelonephritis against the background of a severe course of oxygen-dependent Covid pneumonia
Authors: Mukhomor A. , Zhelezko A.
Published: August 2021

EP is a rare form of acute purulent pyelonephritis caused by microorganisms that decompose glucose into acid and carbon dioxide, characterized by the development of an acute necrotizing process in the renal parenchyma. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of gas bubbles in the kidney tissues (in the kidney interstitium, its cavity or urinary system) and in the surrounding fiber. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of gas bubbles in the kidney tissues (in the kidney interstitium, its cavity or urinary system) and in the surrounding fiber.
A clinical observation of a 66-year-old patient with emphysematous pyelonephritis of the left kidney, initiated by oxygen-dependent severe Covid pneumonia, is described. The comments indicate the possible pathogenesis of the pathology and the role of polymorbidity.
Qualitative and Numerical Research of Body Motion in a Resisting Medium
Authors: Shamolin Maxim V.
Published: August 2021

Proposed activity presents next stage of the study of the problem of the plane-parallel motion of a rigid body interacting with a resistant medium through the frontal plane part of its external surface. Under constructing of the force acting of medium, we use the information on the properties of medium streamline fl w around in quasistationarity conditions (for instance, on the homogeneous circular cylinder input into the water). The medium motion is not studied, and we consider such problem in which the characteristic time of the body motion with respect to its center of masses is comparable with the characteristic time of motion of the center of masses itself.
PEMAKNAAN HADIS DUABELAS KHALIFAH ; ((إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ لَا يَنْقَضِي حَتَّى يَمْضِي فِيْهِمِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ خَلِيْفَةً)) DALAM PERSPEKTIF AHLUS SUNNAH WAL JAMA'AH
Authors: Nur Kholis Bin Kurdian
Published: August 2021

إن مسألة الخلافة كثر فيها النزاع والاختلاف, ولذلك ظهر عن سوء فهمها البدع والخرافة, وخرج بسببها الخوارج وتشيع لأجلها الشيعة. و من تلكم المسائل التي تتعلق بها تفسير اثني عشر خليفة في قول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ((إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ لَا يَنْقَضِي حَتَّى يَمْضِي فِيْهِمِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ خَلِيْفَةً)) رواه مسلم, ويأتي السؤال: من هم اثنا عشر خليفة عند أهل السنة والجماعة؟ وما هو القول الراجح في تعيين أسمائهم ؟

أستخدم في هذا لبحث منهج السبر لأقوال أهل العلم من كتبهم في جمع البيانات, وأما في الوصول إلى نتيجة البحث أستخدم منهج الكيفي.

ونتيجة هذا البحث: أن علماء أهل السنة اختلفوا في تفسير اثني عشر خليفة إلى ستة أقوال. والقول الراجح في ذلك هو القول الأول: أن هؤلاء هم الذين في عهدهم اعتز الإسلام وقوي واجتمع الناس فيهم. وهم: الخلفاء الراشدون, ثم معاوية بن أبي سفيان, ثم يزيد بن معاوية, ثم عبد الملك بن مروان, ثم الوليد بن عبد الملك, ثم سليمان بن عبد الملك, ثم عمر بن عبد العزيز, ثم يزيد بن عبد الملك, ثم هشام بن عبد الملك.
INTENSITAS PENGARUH PERIWAYATAN PERAWI PROPAGANDIS TASYAYYU’, SYI’AH DAN RAFIDAH TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN BUKHARI ATAU SUNNI (Studi Analisis Terhadap Riwayat Perawi-perawi Sahih Bukhari)
Authors: Bisri Tujang
Published: August 2021

Ulama ahli hadis menjelaskan bahwa pemahaman Tasyayyu’, Syi’ah atau Rafidah dalam konteks periwayatan hadis merupakan bagian dari perilaku-perilaku bid’ah. Perilaku bid’ah merupakan salah satu sebab yang mencoreng dan merusak ‘ada>lah (kredibilitas) seorang perawi hadis. Hal itu karena seorang mubtadi’ (pelaku bid’ah) dikatakan telah meyakini atau melakukan perilaku yang dikategorikan telah menyelisihi ajaran Islam yang murni dari Nabi. Unsur penyelisihan tersebut, lebih dikhawatirkan jika perawi mubtadi’ adalah seorang da’iyah (propagandis kepada sektenya). Deretan masalah yang diperdebatkan, diskursus periwayatan mubtadi’ propagandis masih menyisahkan pertanyaan besar bagi peneliti hadis, yaitu sejauh mana tingkat pengaruh periwayatan perawi mubtadi’ khususnya Tasyayyu’, Syi’ah atau Ra>fid}ah apalagi propagandis terhadap ajaran sektenya sendiri atau merusak ajaran Islam? Apakah ada pengaruh ajaran perawi mubtadi’ Syi’ah terhadap tipologi pemikiran imam Bukhari pada tema-tema hadis yang beliau buat?. Pada penelitian ini penulis berusaha menelusuri para perawi mubtadi’ yang telah disebutkan oleh Ibnu Hajar sebagai perawi yang dipakai oleh Bukhari dalam kitab Sahih beliau, terkhusus pada perawi yang berpemahaman Syi’ah, Tasyayyu’ dan Rafidah dalam karya beliau “Taqrib al-Tahdzib” dan “Tahdzib al-Tahdzib” disertai riwayat-riwayat mereka untuk kemudian dianalisis. Penulis akhirnya berkesimpulan bahwa pada riwayat-riwayat para perawi propagandis berpemahaman Tasyayyu’, Syi’ah dan Rafidah tidak ada pengaruhnya kepada pemahaman imam Bukhari dalam membuat tema-tema kajian yang beliau kehendaki. Demikian juga tidak ada pengaruh yang hendak disampaikan oleh perawi-perawi tersebut untuk merusak pemahaman umat Islam, ahlussunah waljamaah.
KORELASI ANTARA SURAT AL-NAHL 78 DENGAN GAYA BELAJAR MANUSIA
Authors: Yuhadi Irfan
Published: August 2021

Melalui pendidikan seorang manusia mampu memahami perintah dan larangan yang dibebankan kepadanya. Di dalam Surat An-Nahl ayat 78 disebutkan tentang kondisi awal manusia dilahirkan dalam keadaan tidak berpengetahuan. Namun Allah telah melengkapi manusia dengan tiga perangkat penting dalam mengakses pengetahuan, yaitu; pendengaran, penglihatan dan hati. Ketika ketiga perangkat tersebut dioptimal fungsinya untuk belajar, niscaya hasil pendidikan dapat lebih maksimal dalam durasi waktu yang tidak terlalu panjang. Penelitian ini fokus pada: (1) tafsir dari Surat An-Nahl ayat 78, (2) konsep gaya belajar manusia, (3) korelasi antara Surat An-Nahl ayat 78 dengan gaya belajar manusia. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research), Adapun teknik dalam pengumpulan data adalah: pertama, menelusuri tafsir Surat An-Nahl ayat 78 pada beberapa kitab tafsir. Kedua, menelusuri konsep tentang gaya belajar manusia. Ketiga, menganalisis dan menemukan korelasi antara Surat An-Nahl ayat 78 dengan gaya belajar manusia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa korelasi antara Surat An-Nahl ayat 78 dengan gaya belajar manusia adalah saling terkait dan saling melengkapi. Gaya belajar visual dan auditorial sejalan dengan Surat An-Nahl ayat 78. Jika dalam teori gaya belajar hanya menyebutkan tentang perangkat pengakses keilmuan, maka dalam Surat An-Nahl ayat 78 melengkapinya dengan menambahkan perangkat filter keilmuan, yaitu hati atau akal.
PENOLAKAN IMAM MALIK PERIWAYATAN PERAWI MUBTADI’; ANTARA TEORI DAN TERAPAN (Studi Analisis Para Perawi Mubtadi’ Guru Imam Malik Dalam Kitab Muwatta’)
Authors: Bisri Tujang
Published: August 2021

Pada konsep Imam Malik terkait perawi mubtadi’ beliau berpendapat bahwa tidak boleh meriwayatkan hadits dari (sahib al-hawa yadu’ ila hawahu) seorang propagandis bid’ah yang membuat propaganda kepada bid’ahnya. Pandangan tersebut membuktikan bahwa imam Malik tergolong ulama ahli hadits yang menolak riwayat perawi mubtadi’ secara mutlak. Sebagaimana dijelaskan imam Ibnu Rajab, hal tersebut dilatar belakangi oleh karena perilaku hawa nafsu dan bid’ah tidak menjamin pelakunya jujur dalam periwayatannya, apalagi jika riwayatnya menguatkan sektenya sendiri”. Muncul kemudian pertanyaan, sejauh mana konsistensi penerapan teori imam Malik untuk menolak periwayatan perawi mubtadi’ dalam kitab al-Muwatt}a? Seperti apakah alasan imam Malik yang dapat diberikan jika ditemukan perawi mubtadi’dalam kitab al-Muwatta? Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kajian pustaka, dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data dari literature-literatur hadis. Teknis mengumpulkan data, pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menelusuri para perawi guru-guru imam Malik dalam kitab al-Muwatta, selanjutnya penulis akan melakukan pelacakan dan pemilahan guru-guru beliau yang telah mendapatkan penilaian mubtadi’ oleh salah satu ulama kritikus dan ahli dalam al-jarh wa al-ta’dil(kritik negative dan positif). Maka pembacaan ulang pada status para perawi di atas penulis menyimpulkan bahwa imam Malik sedikit tidak konsisten dengan teori yang beliau sebutkan, teori tidak boleh mengambil ilmu/hadis dari shahib hawa>(pengikut hawa nafsu/bid’ah) yang melakukan propaganda kepada bid’ahnya terbukti tidak mutlak. Pada penerapanya penulis menemukan beberapa perawi pelaku bid’ah seperti Sofwan ibn Sulaim, Daud ibn Husain dan Tsaur ibn Yazid, walaupun mereka tidak diketahui melakukan propaganda kepada bid’ah mereka dan tidak diketahui berdusta atas nama Nabi. Maka alasan yang dapat diberikan kepada imam Malik adalah semua perawi tersebut adalah para perawi yang tsiqah menurut beliau, disebabkan mereka tidak diketahui berdusta atas nama Nabi.
HOAX DALAM TINJAUAN HADITS NABAWI
Authors: Ali Musri Semjan Putra
Published: August 2021

Among the proofs of the greatness of God's power in the millennium is the emergence of various kinds of information media that are very helpful for ease in various matters. The convenience covers various fields of affairs, not just in the form of sharing information but has penetrated into the fields of business, education, da'wah and so on.Besides the many positive sides of social media, on the other hand social media is also a vehicle for various negative actions, such as hoaxes, fighting, sex trafficking, drug sales and so on. So this study tries to examine the nabawi hadiths relating to things that must be heeded in social media, specifically those related to hoaxes, with the induction approach using qualitative analysis.

The purpose of the research is to provide insight to the community in using social media so that there is no violation of religious teachings or legislation when integrating on social media. As well as being a wrong solution in tackling and minimizing various forms of irregularities and violations that occur in the community in social media, both offenders in the form of crimes of intimidation, provocation, fraud, counterfeiting and so on, are spurred from hoax news.The conclusion of this study is that making or spreading hoaxes is an act that is strictly prohibited and prohibited in the nabawi hadiths which are the second source of law in Islamic law after the noble Qur'an. The culprit has the right to be punished in the world in a criminal manner or get a severe punishment in the hereafter, according to the effects and headlines of the lies he did.
دراسة نقدية لخمسة الأحاديث الأواخر في باب فضيلة الأذان من كتاب "لباب الحديث" للإمام جلال الدين السيوطي
Authors: Lukman Al Hakim  , Sanusin Muhammad Yusuf
Published: August 2021

ومن مصنفات السنة التي اعتنى مؤلفه بذكر فضيلة الأذان ضمن كتابه هو كتاب "لباب الحديث" للإمام السيوطي رحمه الله (911ه). وقد انتشر هذا الكتاب في المجتمع الإندونيسي انتشارا واسعا. وقد اعتمدوا على هذا الكتاب في فضائل الأعمال، بل جعل بعضهم للمجربات مثل  بعض أحاديث في هذا الباب لعلاج العين. ولقد أورد الإمام رحمه الله فيه عشرة أحاديث في الباب الثامن من الكتاب، إلا أن فيه مسألة، وهي: 1) أن المؤلف اكتفى بذكر المتن دون الإسناد في الكتاب. 2) ولم يذكر من خرج تلك الأحاديث  من أئمة الحديث. 3) مع أن المؤلف ذكر في مقدمة الكتاب أنه أراد أن يجمع كتابا للأخبار النبوية والآثار المروية بإسناد صحيح وثيق. فعلى هذا، أراد الباحث أن يواصل دراسة  ما بقي من الأحاديث في الباب لإخوة كلية الإمام الشافعي للدراسات الإسلامية إكمالا لما قد سبق بحثه، وهي خمسة الأحاديث الأواخر في الباب.

والهدف من هذه الدراسة هو 1) معرفة مخرج خمسة الأحاديث الأواخر في باب فضيلة الأذان من كتاب "لباب الحديث" من أئمة الحديث. 2) ومعرفة درجة تلك الأحاديث. 3) ومعرفة صحة قول الإمام السيوطي الذي ذكر في مقدمة كتابه أنه أورد الأحاديث بسند صحيح وثيق. وهذا البحث يعد من البحوث المكتبية التي تقوم على مطالعة الكتب والرسائل العلمية والبحوث التي لها صلة بموضوع البحث. وأما المنهج الذي سرت عليه هو المنهج الكيفي الوصفي النقدي، وذلك بجمع طرق الأحاديث من مصادرها الأصلية ثم دراستها حسب القواعد والظوابط عند المحدثين ونقد متن الأحاديث والحكم عليها.

وبعد القيام بالدراسة وبالمناهيج التي قررته تحصلت بعض النتائج: فالحديث الأول لا يصح، أخرجه الديلمي في الفردوس. والحديث الثاني ضعيف الإسناد، أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في المصنف. والحديث الثالث موضوع، أخرجه الديلمي في الفردوس وابنه في المسند الفردوس، وكذلك الخطيب في تاريخ بغداد. والحديث الرابع ليس له الإسناد. والحديث الخامس ضعيف سندا ومتنا، أخرجه الحافظ ابن حجر الغرائب الملتقطة من مسند الفردوس مما ليس في الكتب المشهورة. فعلى هذا تبين لي أن الأحاديث الذي جمعها السيوطي في كتابه "لباب الحديث" ليس كلها صحيحة كما يقول في المقدمة، بل فيه أحاديث ضعيفة وموضوعة وقد لا يعرف إسناده.
KORELASI ANTARA SURAT AL-NISA’ AYAT 34 DENGAN KONSEP KEHIDUPAN RUMAH TANGGA YANG IDEAL
Authors: Misbahuzzulam  , Farhan
Published: August 2021

Marriage is a fitrah for every human being, marriage is a door for the meeting of two hearts in the shade of social life that lasts for a long time, in which there are various rights and obligations that must be carried out by each party to get a decent, happy life. harmonious, and get offspring. In Surat Al-Nisa' verse 34, Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala explains how to build an ideal household life. This study focuses on (1) the interpretation of Surat Al-Nisa' verse 34, (2) the ideal household concept according to experts, and (3) the correlation between Surat Al-Nisa' verse 34 and the ideal family concept. The approach in this study is to use a qualitative approach. While the type of this research is library research, the techniques in data collection are first, tracing the interpretation of Surat Al-Nisa' verse 34 in several commentaries. Second, explore the ideal family concept according to experts. Third, analyze and find a correlation between Surat Al-Nisa' verse 34 and the ideal family concept. The result is that Surat Al-Nisa' verse 34 with the ideal family concept is interrelated. The importance of maintaining the rights and responsibilities of each family member is the most important thing in forming an ideal family, as stated in the verse.
KONSEP MAQASHID AL-SYARIAH DALAM MENJAGA FITRAH ANAK
Authors: Misbahuzzulam  , Muhammad Rizki Febrian
Published: August 2021

Seeing the development of increasingly advanced technology and influencing children's development, it is necessary to have a concept for parents in maintaining the nature of their children, therefore the concept of Maqashid Al-Sharia in safeguarding the child's nature, is expected to be a solution for educators, especially parents. The method used in this study is a qualitative non-interactive analytical concept method, which is a study that explains the meaning of a concept, by describing the general or important meaning, different meanings, and usage according to the concept. Researchers also explained the nature of the Al-shariah maqashid, namely to realize the benefit in the world and the hereafter. While the benefits based on the level of needs are divided into three categories, namely; dharuriyyat (primary benefit), hajiyyat (secondary benefit) and tahsiniyyat (tertiary benefit). The primary types of children are classified into eight types, eight of them are the nature of the faith, the nature of learning and reasoning, the nature of talent and leadership, the nature of development, the nature of sexuality and love, the nature of aesthetics and language, the nature of individuality and sociality, the nature of physical (physical and sensory). In this study, it will be linked between maqashid Al-sharia with the nature of children. Then the researchers form the concepts created in the form of tables and charts, which will be known estuaries from the concept, which all lead to parents.
LIVING HADIS: FENOMENA SARAPAN BERSAMA PASCA PENGAJIAN AHAD PAGI MASYARAKAT BANGAH SIDOARJO
Authors: Yuhadi Irfan , Nurul Budi Murtini
Published: August 2021

The word “sarapan” (breakfast) comes from the word “sarap” which is added a suffix “an.” The word “sarap” is a verb which means eating something in the morning. Breakfast is food that is eaten in the morning before doing activities and it is eaten approximately one third of the food in a day. Breakfast gives a lot of benefits for the health of our body. It will be more enjoyable if it is done together. Bangah is a village located in the Gedangan district in Sidoarjo, East Java. The formulations of the problem in this research are about: (1) the concept of procuring breakfast together after Sunday morning recitation, (2) the benefits of having brakfast togehter after Sunday morning recitation, (3) the hadiths that recommend to feed others and eat together. The research in this study uses qualitative research with the study of living hadith as its research model.The results of this study indicate that: (1) the concept of procuring breakfast together after Sunday morning recitation starts from the desire to apply knowledge about the virtues and a great reward for those who feed the prosecutors of knowledge.The source for funding the activities are from the donations of the worshipers and the donors of the mosque, (2) the activity of having breakfast together after Sunday morning recitation brings a lot of positive benefits personally and socially, (3) there are hadits that recommend to feed other people and eat together.
HADIAH PERAYAAN YANG TIDAK SYAR’I
Authors: Muhamad Arifin
Published: August 2021

Abstract

In a democratic country, people have the freedom to worship according to their respective religions. One of the direct consequences of that principle, the creation of a heterogeneous society, Muslims live side by side with followers of other religions. Thus, every religious adherent is protected by law to celebrate various religious holidays, so that in the midst of one community, there are alternately celebrated holidays. Usually at every holiday celebration, they try to enliven it, including by serving a variety of special dishes in accordance with the greatness of the holiday. Usually, in every holiday celebration, they try to enliven it, including by serving a variety of special dishes in accordance with the greatness of the holiday. To add to the lively celebration of the holidays, the adherents of a religion also share happiness with the surrounding community. Some send foods, gifts and congratulations. There are also those who hold a banquet by inviting the surrounding community, both held at places of worship or at their homes. Muslims often argue in response to gifts or banquets from other faiths, whether to accept and eat the food or reject it. This study aims to answer this polemic, in order to help the community behave appropriately according to the sharia provisions.
FENOMENA PRAKTIK CINGKRANG IMPLEMENTASI LARANGAN ISBAL (Studi Living Hadis Pada Masyarakat Muslim MangunharjoProbolinggo)
Authors: Irfan Yuhadi  , Nurul Budi Murtini
Published: August 2021

Clothing serves to cover the nakedness of Adam’s children and also as jewelry for them. A muslim should wear beautiful clothes, but should not be excessive and not accompanied by a sense of arrogance when wearing them. The term isbal means lengthening, anchoring and extending clothes to cover the ankles and touching the ground, either because of arrogance or not. Mangunharjo is one of the villages in Mayangan sub-district, Probolinggo, East Java. The formulations of the problem in this research are about: (1) the driving factor and the stages which are passed by a muslim in using his cingkrang (cropped) pants, (2) the challenges that are taken and the pleasure felt by a muslim after wearing a cingkrang (cropped) pants, (3) hadiths which prescribe a muslim to wear wearing a cingkrang (cropped) pants. The approach usedin this research is qualitative approach with the study of living hadith models.

The results of this study indicate that: (1) There are 4 motivating factors for Mangunharjo’s muslims in wearing cingkrang (cropped) pantsand there are 5 stages that are passed by these muslims until they succeed in wearing it. (2) There are 5 challenges faced by muslims after wearing cingkrang (cropped) pantsand there are 4 of the toughest challenges they feel after they wearing it. On the other hand, they actually feel the 4 pleasures after they continue wearing it. (3) There are a number of hadiths which prescribe a muslim to wear cingkrang (cropped) pants as an implementation of the prohibition on isbal.
KIAT NABI MUHAMMAD SALLALLAHU ‘ALAIHI WA SALLAMMENGURAI KRISIS EKONOMI
Authors: Muhamad Arifin
Published: August 2021

The world, without exception, our country, is being hit by the Covid-19 outbreak, which until now is not clear when it will end. This epidemic is not only threatening public health, but also collapses all aspects of the world economy. From the scale of the country, corporations, SMEs, to individuals, are affected by this outbreak.Not surprisingly, all circles are struggling to find a way to survive these two great threats; the covid-19 outbreak and the economic crisis. For the Muslim community, the Prophet Muhammad peace and blessings of Allah be upon him is a role model in all aspects of life, because his teachings have presented everything that mankind needs, both in matters of the hereafter and in the world. Through qualitative research, the researcher tried to reveal the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad peace and blessings of Allah be upon himin facing and resolving the threat of economic crisis. By collecting the data from the Qur’an, hadith, and scholars' statements, the researcher tries to get a clear picture of these guidance.Hopefully, these guidance can be applied by the Muslim community in facing the threat of the economic crisis that is currently haunting the international community. From this research, it was revealed that the main cause of the economic crisis was human behavior that deviated from the guidance of Sharia.Therefore, faith in Allah the Exalted, the Lord of the universe, is a solid foundation as well as a source of inspiration for Muslims in facing all the dynamics of life, including the threat of economic crises. As it is revealed that the Islamic Sharia has arrangedcomplete solutions to solve the threat of the economic crisis.
"أسباب فساد نقل الأخبار المستنبطة من حديث "كفى بالمرء إثما أن يحدث بكل ما سمع
Authors: Nandang Husni Azizi  , Muhid
Published: August 2021

هذه المقالة تتكلم في مسألة أسباب فساد نقل الأخبار من خلال دراسة حديث "كفى بالمرء إثما أن يحدث بكل ما سمع"، وموضوع هذا البحث محصور في عناصر نقل الأخبار الأربعة التي تمضنه الحديث، وهي المخبَر عنه، والمجبِر، والمخبَر به، والمخبَر. والدافع للبحث هو أن قضية نقل الأخبار التي ابتلت بها الأمة في هذا العصر قد ظهرت بشكل عجيب غريب، يختلط فيها الغث بالسمين، ويلتبس الحق بالباطل، حتى أصبح نقل الأخبار بوسائله المتنوعة أخطر وسيلة يمكن أن تصوغ منهج تفكير الإنسان وتغير تصوراته الفكرية والسلوكية. وأما الغاية من هذا البحث هي معرفة أسباب فساد نقل الأخبار.ولحل تلك المسألة استخدم الباحث المنهج الكيفي الموضوعي وذلك بالسير على الموضوعات المعينة ثم تحليلها، كما أنه يسلك نوع البحث المكتبي حيث أن المراجع المعتمدة التي يتم بها البحث هي الكتب المدونة، والبحوث العلمية، والمقالات، وغيرها من الرسائل العلمية المتعلقة بالموضوع.لخصت نتيجة البحث بأن نقل الأخبار أصبح فاسدا لوجود نوع من أنواع الفساد في أحد عناصره الأربعة، وهي المخبَر عنه، والمخبِر، والمخبَر به، والمخبَر، وأنواع الفساد في المخبر عنه شيئان: كدارة المصدر وجهالته، وفيالمخبِر شيئان:عدم عدالة الناقل، وسوء فهمه، وفي المخبَر به عدم صلاحية الخبر للنشر، وفي المخبَر عدم صلاحية السامع لسماع الخبر،  ومتى سلمت هذه العناصر كلها من نوع من أنواع الفساد سلم نقل الأخبار.
Application of Video Analysis for Enhancing Kinematic Parameters and Techniques of Yoga Performers
Authors: M. Srinivasan
Published: August 2021

Background: Yoga asanas help to increase the wholesome development of an individual. At the same time,the execution of the asanas gives complete benefits to the practitioners.Aim: The purpose of the study was to find out the application of video analysis for enhancing kinematicparameters and techniques of yoga performers.Methods and Material: For this study, three men yoga performers selected from SRMV Maruthi Collegeof Physical Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The age of the participants was 24 years. He hada good experience in performing yoga including difficult classical asanas. For this study angle of joints,movement of body parts and position of balance, holding time were selected as dependent variables. SportsInsight motion analysis cameras and software were used to find out the angle of joints, movement of bodyparts and body balance. The baseline kinematic variables were tested before intervention. At the time ofintervention, the execution of the asana (virksasana) was recorded by the researcher through the sportsmotion analysis camera and software.Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the performance of the yoga performers.Results: The captured video was showed to the participant to understand his execution of asana. Theresearcher gave the necessary guidance to correct the mistakes and provide opportunities for self-evaluation.After the 10 days of training, post-test was conducted and data were collected from the participant.Conclusion: It is concluded that the application of video analysis produced a significant difference inangle of joints, movement of body parts among the yoga performers. It is concluded that the application ofvideo analysis produced significant improvement in the position of balance, holding time among the yogaperformers.
Description of fifteen new species of the Hypoxys balteatus species group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Mendonca Maria Thayane S. , Nunes Benedito M. , Fernandes Jose Antonio M.
Published: August 2021

Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae), for a long time considered a synonym or subgenus of Edessa Fabricius, 1803, was recently revised and reinstated to the generic rank. This genus comprises 17 described species divided in four species groups: H. quadridens, H. oxyacanthus, H. triangularis, and H. balteatus species group. Also, there is a large number of new species yet to be described. The H. balteatus species group is diagnosed by: pronotum with posterior stripe smoky brown to black with black punctures within, sometimes these punctures are surrounded by small dark spots; punctures of the pronotal disc smaller and paler than those of the posterior stripe; anterolateral margin of pronotum yellow; anterior half of scutellum with punctures large, sparse, and also on dark spots; connexivum uniformly green, without dark spots; thorax ventrally with two pairs of brown to black rounded spots; apex of pseudosutures with black to brown round spots. This species group included so far only H. balteatus (Walker, 1868). Here we describe and assign 15 new species to this group: H. amyoti sp. nov. (Suriname: Powakka; French Guiana), H. aspilogaster sp. nov. (Brazil: Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro), H. belenensis sp. nov. (Brazil: Pará), H. bergrothi sp. nov. (Venezuela: Amazonas; French Guiana: Saint-Elie), H. breddini sp. nov. (Bolivia: Santa Cruz and San Carlos), H. caquetensis sp. nov. (Colombia: Caquetá), H. favachae sp. nov. (Suriname: Sipaliwini; Brazil: Amapá and Pará), H. gaucho sp. nov. (Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul), H. hyalinofasciatus sp. nov. (Ecuador: Sucumbíos), H. immaculatus sp. nov. (Bolivia: Beni), H. nigroantennatus sp. nov. (French Guiana: Roura), H. santarensis sp. nov. (Brazil: Pará), H. servillei sp. nov. (Brazil: Mato Grosso and Goiás), H. stysi sp. nov. (Suriname: Coronie, Sipaliwini; French Guiana: Cayenne), and H. venustus sp. nov. (Bolivia: Cochabamba). Descriptions, measurements, photos of dorsal and ventral view of each species, and of external genitalia of both sexes, an identification key, and distributional maps are presented.
We Have Got Credit!
Authors: Gosavi Aparna
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates whether there is a gender bias in granting credit for businesses from Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. It is first necessary to determine whether firms are credit-constrained. In order to identify the status of the firms with respect to credit, two recently introduced methods that can identify the credit-constrained status of firms are used.  The paper uses World Bank’s Enterprise Survey Program data set from 2013 to investigate this question. The empirical results obtained, after controlling for a large number of firm-level characteristics and using country-level dummies, reveal that female-owned firms appear to have more access to credit than their male counterparts. The paper also shows that the female-owned firms in the region finance their capital according to the Pecking Order Hypothesis.
Impact of motives of inward FDI on benefits perceived by foreign multinational enterprises investing in India
Authors: Kishor Nawal ,   Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,    Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
Published: August 2021

The study aims to determine the principal motives of inward foreign direct investment by foreign multinational companies in India. The study undertakes to find out the impact of motives of inward foreign investment of multinational firms on benefits as perceived by the managers.  The paper uses a survey approach to collect data about motives and its impact on benefits. Statistical tools, namely confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling have been used. The study found that principal motive for foreign multinational firms to undertake investment is market-seeking followed by resource-seeking and efficiency-seeking motive. The strategic-asset seeking motive does not significantly influence foreign direct investment in India. The study found a positive impact between perceived benefits and motives of inward foreign direct investment in India.
INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS IN THE «FAR EASTERN FORMAT»: MANIFESTATION IN THE FOREST COMPLEX
Authors: Antonova N. E.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the main instruments of the regional development policy used in the implementation of the "new model" of the development of the Far Eastern Federal District, analyzes the practice of their application in the forest complex. The influence of these instruments on some results of the activity of the forest complex of the FEFD and its main territories is considered. It was revealed that the parameters of the functioning of the forest complex demonstrate instability due to both the institutional impact and the dependence of the complex on the situation in the external market. The importance of the formation of goals for the development of the forest complex is shown based on taking into account both national interests and the development priorities of the regional economy.
VLADIVOSTOK 2050: A "GREEN" GLOBAL CITY?
Authors: Bocharnikov V. N.
Published: August 2021

The geographical approach based on the identification, research and explanation of correlations and the systemic impact of various natural, cultural, political, and social factors as carrying elements of the human environment and life activity. The worldwide COVID19 pandemic expanded and presented new ideas about the present of human society, showed the limitations and uncertainty of many well-known forecasts about the world future, and new strong "players" appeared in the global geopolitical space. The article considers the potential opportunities for the formation of Vladivostok as a global green city, situated in case of island at the junction of Eurasian civilizations in the preserved space of the Russia wilderness.
DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY: ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Gritsko M. A.
Published: August 2021

The article provides an assessment of long-term trends in the demographic dynamics of the Khabarovsk Territory. The main indicators of the natural movement of the population of the region over the past three decades are analyzed. The decline in the birth rate and the persistence of increased mortality rates against the background of a consistently negative migration balance indicate that unfavorable demographic trends will continue to persist.
THE REGION'S DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION CENTRE LOCALIZATION STRATEGY
Authors: Gudkova E. V.
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the region's digital transformation center localization strategy substantiates the format of the boundary of physical and digital production systems of the micro-transformation transformation management model. It is shown that transformation models harmonize the national strategies of technology markets. National strategies are emphasized to enhance implicit knowledge of the coordination of individual activities at the behavioural level. It has been established that the format of the boundary of physical and digital production systems reflects the coordination of the "innovative contamination" of the Far Eastern industrial structure. The format of the flow of knowledge and technologies of the Eastern vector of the Russian Federation of the strategy of localization of the center of connectivity of digital interactions is proposed.
SUSTAINABLE (NON) DEVELOPMENT OF SEAPORTS KHABAROVSK TERRITORY
Authors: Zaostrovskikh E. A.
Published: August 2021

The paper considers the features and trends of sustainable development of the marine industry of the Khabarovsk Territory. The problems of maritime transport related to economic, social and environmental aspects are described.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE KAMCHATKA TERRITORY
Authors: Zolotova Y. V.
Published: August 2021

The paper considers the factors of the investment attractiveness of the Kamchatka Territory, conducts a SWOT analysis of the territory, and draws conclusions about possible scenarios for the development of the investment attractiveness of the region.
ON STRATEGIC CHALLENGES FOR THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY FROM THE POSITION OF ITS INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Isaev A. G.
Published: August 2021

The paper outlines the prospects and possible obstacles for the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory in terms of its strategic development. It is shown that the development of competitive industries in neighboring regions can significantly change the existing trade flows arising from the current industrial structure of the regional economy. The theoretical foundations of the importance of priority development of activities with high income elasticity of demand for non-residents are presented.
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMUR RIVER REGIONS: OPINION OF RESIDENTS
Authors: Fomin M. V.
Published: August 2021

The report presents the results of a field sociological study conducted in the regions of the Amur Region – the Khabarovsk Krai, the Amur Oblast` and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast` in September 2020, as well as – for comparison-data from the regions of the north and south of the Far East based on the results of a survey in August-September 2019. The empirical object of the study is the adult population of the regions. The current problems of spatial development are considered: migration attitudes and attitudes towards labor migrants from abroad, the social situation of the population of the Amur River Region, the assessment of the economic situation and the dynamics of the development of key enterprises.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MODELING NETWORK PROCESSES IN GENERAL EDUCATION
Authors: Kondrateva O. L.
Published: August 2021

The article considers three aspects of modeling network processes in general education - subject, quasi-organizational and institutional. since they define a finite set of properties and relationships in the processes of organizing network interactions, the following processes are presented in a meaningful way: production, organizational and regulatory.
THE PROBLEM OF TAXATION OF INSURANCE FEES FOR INCREMENTED SHARES OF MEMBERS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES
Authors: Mironova I. B. , Chernova M. A.
Published: August 2021

Based on the analysis of the norms of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice, the article defines a problem that leads to an irrational increase in the level of financial burden on members of agricultural production cooperatives. The author makes specific proposals in relation to the remediation of the situation.
STRUCTURAL AND ECONOMIC GUIDELINES OF THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT AND PERSPECTIVE PARAMETERS MINERAL RESOURCE COMPLEX OF THE MACROREGION
Authors: Lomakina N. V.
Published: August 2021

The logic is investigated and the relationship between the strategic priorities of the economic development of the Far Eastern macroregion and the promising parameters of its key economic complex - the mineral sector - is revealed. The features of the formation and institutional manifestation of these relationships for various stages of the implementation of the state regional policy to support the development of the Far East are shown.
THE IMPACT OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT – ILLUSION OR REALITY?
Authors: Niyazova Marina V.
Published: August 2021

The paper decomposes on levels the institutional environment of the Institute of Free Economic Zones, identifies the most significant stakeholders of macro-, meso-, micro-levels on the example of the Far Eastern Federal District, and suggests recommendations for assessment methodology of its impact on socio-economic development.
THE ROLE OF TRANSBAIKALIA IN THE FAR EASTERN MACROREGION
Authors: Sysoeva N. M.
Published: August 2021

The object of the study is the regions of Transbaikalia joined the Far Eastern Federal District, through which the main connecting infrastructure of the macroregion with the main territory of the country passes. The purpose of the paper is to show the position of Transbaikalia in the system of the emerging economic corridor China-Mongolia-Russia as a part of China's foreign policy initiative "One Belt - One Road" by analyzing the impact of foreign investment on its current economic situation. This corridor will facilitate the access of Chinese companies to the resources of Siberia and the Far East, enhancing the resource specialization of the area. At the same time, the geostrategic functions of the Trans-Baikal territory, given to it by the new Spatial Strategy of the Russian Federation, require strengthening its own economic potential through the development and diversification of the local economy and horizontal ties between the subjects of the macroregion.
Resolving Structure in the Debris Disk around HD 206893 with ALMA
Authors: Nederlander Ava , Hughes A. Meredith , Fehr Anna J. , Flaherty Kevin M. , Su Kate Y. L. , Moór Attila , Chiang Eugene , Andrews Sean M. , Wilner David J. , Marino Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Debris disks are tenuous, dusty belts surrounding main-sequence stars generated by collisions between planetesimals. HD 206893 is one of only two stars known to host a directly imaged brown dwarf orbiting interior to its debris ring, in this case at a projected separation of 10.4 au. Here we resolve structure in the debris disk around HD 206893 at an angular resolution of 0.″6 (24 au) and wavelength of 1.3 mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We observe a broad disk extending from a radius of <51 au to

194

−
2

+
13

au. We model the disk with a continuous, gapped, and double power-law model of the surface density profile and find strong evidence for a local minimum in the surface density distribution near a radius of 70 au, consistent with a gap in the disk with an inner radius of

63

−
16

+
8

au and width

31

−
7

+
11

au. Gapped structure has been observed in four other debris disks—essentially every other radially resolved debris disk observed with sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity with ALMA—and could be suggestive of the presence of an additional planetary-mass companion.
Light-curve Test of GRB 090717 as a Gravitationally Lensed Echo
Authors: Mukherjee Oindabi , Nemiroff Robert J.
Published: August 2021

Light curve comparison is a simple but statistically powerful test for the presence of gravitational lensing in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Since gravitational lensing does not change relative timing internal to images, all source images created by gravitational lensing should show the same light curve to within a scale factor in amplitude. Applied to the recent claim that the two pulses in GRB 090717 are lensed images of the same pulse, it was found that the light curves for these pulses actually differ at about the 5.0σ confidence level (99.999956%) in a χ
2 comparison test. Under the given assumptions, GRB 090717 therefore does not present a compelling example of gravitational lensing.
Using VIRTIS on Venus Express to Constrain the Properties of the Giant Dark Cloud Observed in Images of Venus by IR2 on Akatsuki
Authors: McGouldrick Kevin , Peralta Javier , Barstow Joanna K. , Tsang Constantine C. C.
Published: August 2021

A cloud opacity contrast feature that has been called a “long-lived sharp disruption” has been seen in the atmosphere of Venus in the near-infrared using Akatsuki’s IR2 camera, most clearly at equatorial latitudes. This feature was found to have a consistent planet-circling period of 4.9 days, and subsequent searches of past imagery revealed that it has probably existed for at least 30 years, the duration of near-infrared investigation of the deep atmosphere of Venus. Guided by the remarkably consistent morphological appearance of this feature, we have identified at least one previous instance of it in the Venus Express Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) data. We take advantage of the spectroscopic capabilities of VIRTIS to retrieve atmospheric parameters in the vicinity of this feature that cannot be retrieved using the limited filter selection on board Akatsuki. We find that the changes in measurable quantities, such as cloud particle acid mass fraction, water vapor, carbon monoxide, cloud base altitude, and particle size, suggest that the changes that take place in the vicinity of this feature are restricted to the lower clouds of Venus (below 50 km). We hypothesize that further evolution of this feature (over timescales of days to weeks) results in measurable variations in these parameters at altitudes in the middle clouds of Venus (50–57 km), lending credence to its identification as a baroclinic trough or Kelvin front.
Ocean Circulation on Enceladus with a High- versus Low-salinity Ocean
Authors: Zeng Yaoxuan , Jansen Malte F.
Published: August 2021

Previous studies that have considered the ocean circulation on Enceladus have generally assumed the salinity to be Earth-like. However, according to observations and geochemical constraints, the salinity of Enceladus’s ocean is likely to be lower, and importantly, it is probably low enough to reverse the sign of thermal expansivity. We investigate the ocean circulation and stratification of Enceladus’s ocean using a combination of theoretical arguments and simulations using the MITgcm. We find that if the salinity is high, the whole ocean is unstratified, and convection dominates the entire ocean. However, if the salinity is low enough, there exists a stratified layer in the upper ocean, whose thickness depends on the magnitude of the turbulent vertical diffusivity, which remains poorly constrained. Such a layer can suppress the vertical flux of heat and tracers, thereby affecting the heat flux to the ice shell and leading to a vertical tracer mixing timescale across the stratified layer of at least hundreds of years. This timescale is inconsistent with a previous estimate of vertical ocean mixing of several years, based on the size of detected silica nanoparticles in the plumes, leading us to conclude that either the salinity of Enceladus’s ocean is higher than previously suggested or the interpretation of silica nanoparticle observations has to be reconsidered.
Adolescents’ Risk of Different Sexual Orientation Tendency in Terms of Family Factors (Case Study in Padang and Agam Regency)
Authors: Fajria Lili , Irawati Nuzulia , Malini Hema , Mudjiran Mudjiran , Refnandes Randi
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: In the transition period, in adolescents occur the process of physical, cognitive, and social maturation. This period is essential in the formation of sexual identity, which related to gender and sexual orientation. Improper sexual identities will provoke sexual behavior problems. The problems with sexual behavior begin from differences in sexual orientation with a sexual orientation generally accepted by the public (heterosexual). In some adolescents, there is a change in sexual orientation that leads to homosexuality. The factors that play a significant role in adolescent sexual orientation are parenting.
AIM: This study aimed to examine the risk of different sexual orientation tendencies in adolescents and the families’ factors in West Sumatra.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study’s design was a cross-sectional study with 532 adolescents aged 13–18 years old as the respondents. It took 3 months to research by using a questionnaire as the instrument. The questionnaire’s data were analyzed using Chi-square.
RESULTS: The results showed that the risk of different sexual behaviors in adolescents was 59.4% normal tendency, 26.7% low tendency, and 13.9% high tendency. Furthermore, family factors related significantly to the risk of different sexual behavior tendencies were gender and family intimacy factors (p < 0.05), while age, family type factors, and family income factors (p > 0.05) are not significantly related.
CONCLUSION: Based on that, it concluded that the parents expected to develop closer relationships with family members.
Edith Cavell: The Other Nightingale
Authors: Arthur Terri
Published: August 2021

Although Florence Nightingale is more famous, Edith Cavell stands out as a nurse who made significant contributions to the nursing profession. She established the first nursing school in Brussels, Belgium. To accomplish this Cavell had to speak fluent French, overcome the disdain of the Catholic Church for replacing their untrained nuns with trained nurses, and establish the importance of her place as a woman in the medical profession. When Belgium was occupied by the German military in World War I, Cavell made a life-or-death decision to defy German laws by joining the Belgian Resistance movement and rescuing Allied soldiers. This article will offer background about Cavell, including Florence Nightingale’s influence on her career. The article presents the significant legacy of this British nurse, and the contributions she made to the nursing profession in her early career and during World War I, the Great War. Her story illustrates both the exemplary nursing leadership and the struggle many nurses experienced when faced with ethical dilemmas in practice. Cavell was a relatively unknown nurse who changed medical and military history. The conclusion considers Cavell’s relevance to nurses of today.