bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for lens removal in embryonic fish and its application on the developmental effects of eye regression
Authors: Espinasa Luis , Pavie Marie , Rétaux Sylvie
Published: February 2023

The lens plays a central role in the development of the optic cup. In fish, regression of the eye early in development affects the development of the craniofacial skeleton, the size of the olfactory pits, the optic nerve, and the tectum. Lens removal further affects olfaction, prey capture, and aggression. The similarity of the fish eye to other vertebrates is the basis for its use as an excellent animal model of human defects. Questions regarding the effects of eye regression are specifically well-suited to be addressed by using fish from the genus Astyanax. The species has two morphs; an eyeless cave morph and an eyed, surface morph. In the cavefish, a lens initially develops in embryos, but then degenerates by apoptosis. The cavefish retina is subsequently disorganized, degenerates, and retinal growth is arrested. The same effect is observed in surface fish when the lens is removed or exchanged for a cavefish lens. While studies can greatly benefit from a control group of surface fish with regressed eyes brought through lensectomies, few studies include them because of technical difficulties and the low survivorship of embryos that undergo this procedure. Here we describe a technique with significant modification for improvement for conducting lensectomy in one-day-old Astyanax and other fish, including zebrafish. Yields of up to 30 live embryos were obtained using this technique from a single spawn, thus enabling studies that require large sample sizes.
Core Elements for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Korean General Hospitals
Authors: Cheong Hae Suk , Park Kyung-Hwa , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Shin-Woo , Kim Bongyoung , Moon Chisook , Lee Mi Suk , Yoon Young Kyung , Jeong Su Jin , Kim Yong Chan , Eun Byung Wook , Lee Hyukmin , Shin Ji-Yeon , Kim Hyung-sook , Hwang In Sun , Park Choon-Seon , Kwon Ki Tae ,   Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy,   The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases,   Korean Society for Healthcare-associated Infection Control and Prevention,   Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases,   Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Published: February 2023

Currently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health. To overcome this crisis, antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been proposed. An ASP supports the optimal use of antimicrobials, including appropriate dosing decisions, as well as the duration and routes of administration. In South Korea, efforts are underway to overcome AMR through a national policy supporting ASPs. This study developed the core elements of an ASP for domestic medical facilities. Two Delphi surveys were conducted to select the core elements through expert consensus. The core elements for ASP implementation included leadership commitment, an operating system, action, tracking, reporting, and education. To ensure that these core elements are present in medical facilities, multiple departments must collaborate to support ASP operations. The establishment of a reimbursement system and workforce for ASPs are prerequisites for ASP implementation. The active implementation of core ASP elements in medical facilities requires the provision of financial support for the ASPs, cultivation of a healthcare workforce to perform ASPs, application of the core elements to healthcare accreditation, and provision of incentives to medical facilities via quality evaluation criteria.
Discriminations ethnoraciales et quartiers prioritaires : nouveaux enjeux pour la recherche et l’action
Authors: Leborgne Mathilde , L’Horty Yannick , Vidal Sonia
Published: February 2023

La première rencontre acteurs-chercheurs (RAC) sur les discriminations ethnoraciales et la politique de la ville s’est tenue à Hardelot, les 9 et 10 septembre 2021. Elle a réuni 25 participants, experts de haut niveau sur les questions de discriminations ethnoraciales et de politique de la ville. Nous proposons dans cet article une libre synthèse des débats qui ont animé cette rencontre, principalement centrée sur les liens entre recherche et actions, comment la recherche peut nourrir l’action et vice-versa. Ces débats ont permis aussi de questionner les liens entre la lutte contre les discriminations ( infra « LCD ») et les politiques de la ville.
Le Défenseur des droits et la recherche : des relations et un dialogue constants au service de la lutte contre les discriminations fondées sur l’origine
Authors: Benichou Sarah
Published: February 2023

Au-delà de l’analyse des saisines individuelles dont il est saisi, le Défenseur des droits invite à mobiliser des approches plus globales pour l’identification et la prise en compte des discriminations, notamment systémiques. Tout d’abord, la promotion de la connaissance et de la recherche sur les mécanismes de discriminations et les politiques et actions de lutte contre les discriminations doit permettre de mettre en lumière des mécanismes invisibilisés, de mobiliser les acteurs, et de guider l’action des pouvoirs publics et des organisations. Connaître plus précisément les situations d’inégalité permet aussi à l’institution de contextualiser les situations individuelles dont elle est saisie et ainsi d’agir plus efficacement dans la défense des droits. Enfin, sa collaboration avec la recherche vise à évaluer les actions menées dans différents secteurs pour appuyer et nourrir ses recommandations en direction des professionnels et des autorités.
Regards économiques sur le lobbying
Authors: Lefebvre Perrin , Martimort David
Published: February 2023

La pratique du lobbying interroge le fonctionnement démocratique. L’analyse économique permet de se faire une idée plus précise de ses apports et de ses limites. L’exemple d’Uber est significatif et plaide en faveur d’une meilleure régulation politique de telles pratiques.
Le rôle de l’Église noire aux États-Unis
Authors: Gates Henry Louis , Gautier Benoît
Published: February 2023

Henry Louis Gates, professeur de littérature et intellectuel public américain, publie en français Black Church (Labor et Fides, janvier 2023), un livre qui reprend et approfondit le contenu d’un film documentaire consacré à cette institution centrale de l’expérience afro-américaine. Il nous explique comment le christianisme noir américain a été structuré par l’esclavage et la ségrégation, jusqu’à devenir une véritable contre-société permettant aux Afro-Américains de retrouver une forme de dignité dans un environnement qui les rabaissait constamment. Mais, alors que le racisme institutionnel recule, cette fonction d’« hôpital de campagne » pour des gens engagés dans la bataille pour la reconnaissance de leur humanité perd de sa pertinence. C’est justement à ce moment que l’Église noire aux États-Unis, considérée pour sa valeur culturelle et identitaire, fait l’objet d’études historiques de plus en plus nombreuses, mais aussi de critiques sérieuses de la part des croyants qui la quittent et des universitaires qui l’étudient.
Le Rorschach et le tat de réfugiés de guerre : de la violence subie/agie au traumatisme psychique
Authors: Bika Gildas
Published: February 2023

Cet article porte sur la synthèse et la réélaboration des résultats d’une recherche doctorale sur la problématique de la re/construction psychique des réfugiés de guerre dans un pays d’asile. Cette étude a été réalisée grâce à 15 sujets âgés de 19 à 50 ans, dont 7 violents et 8 pacifiques. Les données cliniques ont été recueillies à partir d’un entretien clinique de type semi-directif, du Rorschach et du tat . Comment les traces des actes de violence subie/agie apparaissent-elles aux méthodes projectives ? Comment les traumatismes vécus sont-ils symbolisés ? Comment les sujets se re/construisent-ils des points de vue subjectif et intersubjectif ?
Les damnées de la guerre
Authors: Diant Émilie , Hervieu-Léger Benoît
Published: February 2023

Réfugiée en France grâce au soutien de sa fille Valentyna, Dina Peresunko y a bénéficié d’un accueil qui tranche avec celui habituellement réservé aux exilés. Mais le traumatisme reste lourd.
Vers une possible reconstruction
Authors: Montagut Muriel
Published: February 2023

Très fréquemment victimes de violences, les femmes exilées trouvent la réappropriation d’elles-mêmes dans le récit partagé. Exemple au centre Frantz Fanon de la Cimade, à Montpellier.
Méditation graeberienne
Authors: Dutraive Véronique
Published: February 2023

L’œuvre de l’anthropologue et militant anarchiste américain David Graeber jette une lumière neuve sur le déficit démocratique qui affecte nos sociétés. En cause : la dimension économique de la démocratie.
La redevance, garantie d’indépendance ?
Authors: Eveno Patrick
Published: February 2023

La suppression, à présent effective, de la contribution à l’audiovisuel public fait craindre pour l’indépendance du secteur. Mais restreindre le débat à ce seul enjeu comporte deux risques : occulter les imperfections de la redevance et oublier la mission de l’audiovisuel public.
Un levier à réinventer
Authors: Narring Pierre
Published: February 2023

Éclipsé du discours public, l’aménagement du territoire détient, par son concept de planification concertée, l’une des clés d’une véritable transition écologique. À condition d’en rénover les finalités et les méthodes.
Les réseaux sociaux numériques au sein des PME belges à l’international
Authors: Deprince Élodie , Moalla Emna
Published: February 2023

Les médias sociaux sont devenus des outils incontournables pour les entreprises tant en interne qu’en externe. Ces outils sont souvent mobilisés pour communiquer, faciliter le transfert de connaissances, gagner en visibilité, collecter des informations, développer et maintenir les collaborations. Pourtant, la plupart des études traitant de l’utilisation des médias sociaux ont analysé le point de vue de l’individu et de façon moindre celui de l’entreprise. Cet article vient dès lors enrichir les travaux traitant de l’utilisation des médias sociaux par les entreprises. Plus précisément, il examine l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux numériques (RSN) dans le contexte du développement international des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). Au travers des principales approches théoriques de l’internationalisation, nous identifions les critères d’internationalisation des PME et analysons leurs impacts sur l’utilisation des RSN. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence la relation entre les approches d’internationalisation et l’usage des RSN. De nature quantitative, l’étude empirique s’appuie sur une enquête menée auprès de 359 PME belges actives à l’international. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les RSN sont fortement mobilisés lors de l’expansion internationale des PME. Le jeune âge, la performance et la perception qu’a la PME de la distance déterminent la place des RSN dans la stratégie d’internationalisation de l’entreprise. Nos analyses indiquent également que les RSN sont utilisés aussi bien pour leurs avantages informationnels que relationnels.
Management of Big data: An empirical investigation of the Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing effect in medium and large firms
Authors: Vitari Claudio , Raguseo Elisabetta , Pigni Federico
Published: February 2023

Les entreprises adoptent des solutions pour gérer les données massives, mais un ensemble de preuves suggère que, dans certains cas, les données massives pourraient créer plus de problèmes que d’avantages. Nous avançons l’hypothèse que le problème n’est peut-être pas les données massives en elles-mêmes mais une trop grande quantité de données massives. Nous apportons une réponse à la question de recherche suivante : quand les données massives conduisent-elles à la destruction de valeur ? Ce type d’effets fait écho à l’effet des excès des bonnes choses («Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing» - TMGT) décrit en gestion. Cette théorie semble également significative et applicable en systèmes d’information. Nous contribuons à l’évaluation de cet effet TMGT lié aux données massives. Nous avons collecté des données auprès d’un échantillon d’entreprises, et nous avons établi un ensemble de modèles de régression pour tester la relation entre les données massives et la création de valeur, en considérant la taille de l’entreprise comme un modérateur. Les données confirment l’existence d’une courbe en forme de U inversé et l’existence d’une modération liée à la taille de l’entreprise. Ces résultats élargissent l’applicabilité de la théorie de l’effet TMGT et peuvent être utiles aux entreprises qui envisagent d’investir dans les données massives.
Dynamics of a stochastic turbidostat model with sampled and delayed measurements
Authors: Yu Tingting , Yuan Sanling
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a stochastic turbidostat model with controllable output is established by using piecewise constant delayed measurements of the substrate concentration. We commence by proving the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the stochastic delayed model. Then, sufficient conditions of extinction and stochastic strong permanence of the biomass are acquired. In quick succession, we investigate the stochastic asymptotical stability of the washout equilibrium as well as the asymptotic behavior of the random paths approaching the interior equilibrium of its corresponding deterministic model by employing the method of Lyapunov functionals. Numerical and theoretical findings show that the influence of environmental random fluctuations on the dynamics of the model may be more pronounced than that of time delay.
Consuming Inequities: Vegetarianism, climate crisis, and political upheaval in South Africa
Authors: Yount-André Chelsie , Zembe Yanga
Published: February 2023

Record numbers of South Africans have eliminated or reduced meat in their diet, in an effort to address climate change. This article offers an ethnographic examination of the ways political and environmental issues play out on the plates of South Africans. Foregrounding the experiences of Black vegetarians, it traces the ways people of different races, classes and genders grapple with the social stakes of eating in a society where ecological crisis overlays a foundation of ongoing political struggles. How are food’s social meanings bound up with the political upheavals and ecological concerns South African society faces? What does it mean to advocate for addressing climate change through consumption practices in a place divided by such vast racial and economic inequities? Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic research on food and eating practices in urban South Africa, this article considers how social inequalities shape efforts to address climate change through consumption, through analysis of the social significance of consuming – and abstaining from – meat amidst South Africa’s vast racial and economic inequalities.
Jean-Jacques Lequeu : autonomie et hétéronomie de la couleur dans la représentation architecturale
Authors: Boeri Elisa
Published: February 2023

L’art du dessin d’architecture, que Lequeu revendique comme genre autonome et personnel, avait ouvert au début du XIXe siècle d’importantes et nouvelles perspectives de travail. Mais le fonds Jean-Jacques Lequeu, qui contient des manuscrits d’intention didactique à des fins de dissémination, manque complètement de documentation pouvant faire penser à une tentative de commercialisation de son travail. La réinterprétation proposée ces dernières années est que Lequeu travaillait de manière autonome et très introspective sur ses dessins, qui sont très soignés tant dans le dessin que dans la maîtrise de la couleur. Tout comme les planches aquarellées de l’Architecture Civile, ces œuvres semblent avoir attendu leur redécouverte pendant près de deux siècles, restant des productions inédites. Même dans la coloration de ses dessins, Lequeu se démarque de ses contemporains, choisissant des couleurs discrètes et sans chromatisme excentrique, en laissant la couleur grise - avec des variations de lumière et peu d'ombres - prédominer dans la scène.
Présence de la couleur dans L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui autour de 1950
Authors: Thibault Estelle
Published: February 2023

Quels furent les usages de la couleur dans les périodiques architecturaux du milieu du XXe siècle ? La revue L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui constitue un bon terrain pour examiner cette question car elle fut, après 1945, un lieu de promotion de la polychromie et des collaborations associant architectes et plasticiens, français et étrangers, à un moment où les représentations architecturales en niveaux de gris prédominaient encore largement dans la littérature. L’article examine comment l’introduction des premières photographies couleur a été accompagnée, dans ce périodique, d’une évolution des stratégies graphiques et d’une diversité d’usages de la couleur. La revue installait l’image architecturale au sein d’un dispositif coloré, favorisant ainsi l’idée d’une architecture moderne comme environnement global.
Climate Change Impact on Honeybees (Apis spp.) and Their Pollination Services
Authors: Ouknin Mohamed , Alahyane Hassan , Mounir Abdelaziz , Majidi Lhou
Published: February 2023

Honeybees participate in the pollination of many crops and wild species and serve as bioindicators of environmental health, and therefore play an essential role in agricultural production. While it is currently facing serious threats worldwide, its disappearance will impact the balance of ecosystems. Global economic value of crop pollination services has been estimated at 153 billion euros per year, representing 9.5% of global agricultural food value. As bees are ectothermic species, the ambient temperature determines their activity, and therefore, climate change, with the increase in temperatures experienced in recent years, can influence their biology, distribution, and behavior. Climate change affects negatively bees by impacting their food resources. Increased temperature induces a differential response of insects and plants that generate a temporal and spatial variation in the biological cycle of the species concerned, with serious demographic consequences. This results in an alteration of the synchronization between plants and insects.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Indian Microfinance Industry and Its Sustainability
Authors: Murugan Satheesh Pandian , G. Shivaprasad , A. Dhanalakshmi , V. P. Sriram , Rajput Kanchan , B. N. Mahesh , Chavadi Chandan , Thangam Dhanabalan , Kedla Shaila
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted operations throughout the world. It also forced all the industries towards unprecedented changes of their business operations, and in some cases, it pushes the businesses to shut down their operations either partially or fully. The microfinance industry is one of the sectors that was affected badly by the pandemic. As a result, microfinance institutions were forced to do some considerable changes to their domestic processes and make tricky decisions to decrease their loan issue process while the loan is required mostly by the borrowers or dropping employees' salaries. In the same way, microfinance customers were also affected. It forced business units to close their operations, and as a result, it condensed revenue generation. Customers also faced the tortuous brunt from the interrupted business support which were frequently incompatible and inadequate for public support. As a result, few customers have realized better income generation during the pandemic.
Building Urban Flood Resilience Through Community Participation in Urban Areas of Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyediran Kayode , Wahab Waheed Bolanle
Published: February 2023

The gap between disaster occurrence and precaution is always filled with casualties. Studies on flood resilience in Kebbi state, Nigeria thus far underplayed community participation as a means of building urban flood resilience in urban areas. This chapter examined the level of participation of urban communities in flood risk reduction and management process in Kebbi state and assessed the degree to which the risk communities were actively engaged in identifying and monitoring flood disaster risks. Data were sourced through primary and secondary means but more secondary. Four hundred victims of past flood disasters were interviewed on their experiences during and after the flood and their participation in recovery measures. Findings revealed that 85.5% of the victims considered the recovery items given to them inadequate and indiscriminately distributed and the non-participation of the public in the processes. It is recommended that governments should ensure the full participation of communities in flood risk disasters to enhance their capacities for resilience.
The Ado of Rural-Urban Migration
Authors: Olorunfemi Samuel Oluwaseyi
Published: February 2023

The study examined rural-urban migration and its implication on food security in Akutupa-Kiri, Kogi State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary forms of data were utilised for the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to 135 household heads using a systematic sampling method. The study revealed that low agricultural productivities, high cost of labour, and high increase in the cost of food were the most significant implications of rural-urban migration in Akutupa-Kiri. The study recommended that adequate social infrastructures or amenities such as good roads, electricity, schools, relaxation centres, and security should be provided in rural areas by the government in collaboration with private sectors to motivate youths to remain in agriculture to reduce rural-urban migration, as well as sustain agriculture for the enhancement of food security.
Lessons From Place
Authors: Luckan Yashaen
Published: February 2023

The rural-urban divide has escalated to a level of socio-economic crisis in the developing world, fueling disparity and deprivation of rural communities and widening the urban-rural divide. The chapter critiques the prevalent Global North frames of reference that shape approaches to rural development, with the aim of finding possibilities for an inclusive framework for the holistic and sustainable development of rural communities. On the other hand, some progressive responses through praxis in various parts of the Global South provide lessons for transformative thinking and practice for sustainable rural development. A qualitative study defined by a critical literature review is enhanced by precedent study, providing insight into innovative/responsive approaches to place complexity and identity, while also revealing shortcomings and valuable lessons. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the key findings and a recommendation for an inclusive approach to sustainable rural development.
Rural-Urban Connectivity
Authors: Aderibigbe Oluwayemi-Oniya
Published: February 2023

Connectivity is the ability and capacity for people and communities to be connected, either physically or non-physically, through transport or communication. To promote rural-urban connectivity, there is a need to provide good, affordable, accessible, and efficient transport infrastructure in not only the developed areas (urban) but also the remote areas (rural) where people are experiencing difficulty in accessing good transport services. Hence this chapter examined the impact of rural-urban connectivity as a way of achieving sustainable rural transport development. To achieve this, there is a need to examine connectivity from the standpoint of accessibility, especially in rural areas, which are usually disconnected from the surrounding urban areas due to poor road conditions. In view of the above, this chapter explored rural-urban connectivity as a measure of improving the mobility of rural dwellers, thus enabling their well-being.
Addressing Spatial Exclusivity Through Water and Sanitation in Makonde Village, Thohoyondou
Authors: Chipungu Lovemore , Magidimisha Hangwelani Hope
Published: February 2023

In most rural areas, the provision of water and sanitation is not defined by appropriate standards – instead, it has been left to the whims of politics and politicians to define the type and level of water and sanitation to be granted to the poor rural households. Using the case study of Makonde village in Thohoyandou (South Africa), this paper argues that the adoption and implementation of appropriate water and sanitation services is a response to an existing and conducive policy framework. Due to policy lag and uncertainty, rural areas end up falling into the ‘political trap' where households are used as political pawns to fulfill councilors' political ambitions. This is in addition to other aggravating huddles that impact negatively on service delivery, such as lack of integration in sectoral plans. This paper concludes by recommending that the only way to achieve consistency and efficiency in the provision of water and sanitation is to rationalize policies and the policy environment through an inclusive political will.
ICT-Based Digital Technology for Testing and Evaluation of English Language Teaching
Authors: B. R. Aravind , G. Bhuvaneswari , Rajest S. Suman
Published: February 2023

The present research was carried out to check computer-based English language testing through the easy test maker application. Also, to collect English language teachers' perceptions on using the easy test maker application for language testing. Eighty English language teachers participated in the study. The practitioner research methodology was employed in the study. A perception scale questionnaire was circulated to rate the instructional testing method. The research findings revealed that the teachers' computer-based testing yielded a positive outcome after exploring the easy test maker application in the sessions. The perception scale results also confirmed that 75 participants out of 80 responded that they were satisfied with the easy test maker application on an overall level. Detailed descriptions of the usefulness of testing and evaluation of the English language are given in the investigation.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Online Learning Programs in Higher Education
Authors: Venkateswaran P. S.
Published: February 2023

Online education helps students from different economic and social backgrounds, places, and times by avoiding distance and cost. An essential scientific and practical question that will be studied for a long time is how well students learn. All the communication channels make it easier for students to talk to their teachers and other people. The playing field is more level, making it easier for people to talk to each other, and for everyone in the class can participate. When students think about how many online courses are available, distance education's value also increases. Budgets being reduced for the government and private sector and decreased college enrollment are favourable trends. The efficiency of online learning courses in higher education is investigated using the SEM method. According to the e learning survey for the higher education students' e-learning classes, cloud meetings are better for learning than live conversations. Students are showing more interest towards the online courses with cloud meetings if they think e-learning with cloud meetings is better.
The Use of Zoom in Giving Writing Conferences in Foreign Language Writing Classes
Authors: Yastibaş Ahmet Erdost
Published: February 2023

To give feedback during Covid-19, language instructors used digital programs such as Zoom. Accordingly, the present study aimed to find out and describe the experiences of a language instructor who held online writing conferences through Zoom. It was designed as a single case study conducted with a participant language instructor. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and content analyzed. The findings indicated that online writing conferences had advantages such as saving time, and disadvantages, including technical issues. They also showed that online writing conferences could be affected positively and negatively by several factors such as time-saving and technical issues. According to the findings, though the content of feedback in them was the same as the one in face-to-face writing conferences, there were differences including student prejudice between them. The findings were discussed, pedagogical implications of the study were mentioned, and suggestions for further research were made.
Conceptual Analysis of Leadership
Authors: Şensoy Nimet , Avci Keziban
Published: February 2023

Fast change and transformation also has a deep effect on organizations as well as their leaders and employees. Hence, if organizations want to be successful or simply stay afloat, they need effective leaders. Leadership, which can be defined as the process of influencing the behavior of individuals and groups in reaching the goals by the organization, has become more important than ever in the era of change, transformation, and ambiguity. In this context, the aim of this chapter is to examine the concept of leadership, which is one of the main determinants in the achievement of organizational goals, its historical development, prominent leadership theories, leadership competencies, the effect of personality on leadership, the effect of leadership on teams, and leadership team building.
Crucial Role of Soft Skills in Challenging Times
Authors: Urhan Bahar
Published: February 2023

Crisis or all types of changes affect organizations and every aspect of all units' performance. Especially unexpected ones can destroy their system entirely, so it needs to be managed professionally. However, proactive measures can help to overcome either simple changes or even global crises. Become prepared for all changes, risks, and crises by investing in soft skills that can help the business world weather the storm in a sustainable manner. As one of the soft skills, leadership skill may change the destiny of organizations, especially in challenging times like the recent COVID-19 period. In this study, soft skills in general and all aspects and approaches of the leadership concept will be discussed in detail. The importance of well-designed leadership and the fact that leadership is a skill that can be developable is the focus of the study. Showing different leadership approaches in different situations, in other words using the leadership approaches as a toolbox, is underlined by referring to the literature.
Reinventing Human Resources Through Digitalization
Authors: Monje Amor Ariadna
Published: February 2023

Human resource management (HRM) in organizations is rapidly being transformed by information technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the pace of digitalization of HR processes, which has become particularly important in the context of the digital transformation of human resource activities. Those organizations that take advantage of digital HRM technologies are better positioned than those that pay less attention to them. Additionally, organizations have had to adapt to new work models such as hybrid or remote work. This chapter describes how digitization is reshaping human resources by introducing digital HR transformation in different activities, comparing digital recruitment to traditional recruitment, focusing on the role of applicant tracking systems in recruitment and selection, and examining digital trends and work models. Finally, several practical implications will be discussed.
Future of HR Analytics
Authors: Bulsari Smruti , Pandya Kiran
Published: February 2023

HR analytics is a paradigm shift from a traditional and intuitive-based approach to an evidence-based approach for aiding decision-making processes to enhance employee as well as organizational performance and profitability. This chapter discusses the concept of HR analytics, followed by its application to three HR functions: recruitment, employee engagement, and employee retention. Two case studies for each of these three HR functions are also succinctly discussed. Some relevant statistics regarding the current state of implementation of HR analytics in organizations is also briefly discussed. Key issues related to the HR analytics implementation process, moderating factors to implement HR analytics, and challenges of implementation are also discussed in this chapter. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the future of HR analytics. Considering the scope of the book, technical details like regression models or machine learning algorithms are not discussed in this chapter.
The Effect of Big Data Marketing and Human Resources Management on the Performance of Companies
Authors: Mesfar Sahar
Published: February 2023

The objective of this chapter is to study the effect of big data marketing and human resources management on the performance of companies and to find in return a relevant solutions. This study is based on the selection of 22 recent articles. This literature search designates the causal relationship between marketing theory and big data, while indicating the specificities of big data marketing. Then, this study indicates the opportunities and constraints found with the following of this type of integration. After that, it indicates the importance of the correlation between big data and human resources and also the necessity of performance. Finally, this research specifies the effects of big data marketing and human resources management on the performance of companies. The contribution of this study is justified by previous studies that point to this gap based on the consideration of marketing and management literature.
Automatic travelling of agricultural support robot for a fruit farm -Verification of effectiveness of RTK-GNSS and developed simulator for specification design
Authors: Hiraoka Ren , Aoyagi Yuya , Kobayashi Kazuki
Published: February 2023

Labour shortages and fatal accidents in agricultural work have recently emerged as critical problems in Japan, necessitating productivity enhancement, workload reduction, and safety assurance. Therefore, in Japan and countries with similar agricultural environments, the use of small and inexpensive agricultural robots that can be used in mountain farms and orchards is desirable. In this study, a dynamic positioning test was performed in orchards in a mountainous region to verify the positioning accuracy and stability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and real time kinematic (RTK)-GNSS. In addition, a simulator for an agricultural robot that could consider the environmental information of orchards was developed, and driving tests were conducted using the GNSS data acquired in the simulation. The error of the GNSS module was set to be higher than that for the measured value, and robot travelling in the orchard was simulated. The results of GNSS positioning tests in an orchard near a mountainous area indicate that in the specific environmental conditions, the RTK-GNSS and stand-alone (SA)-GNSS can attain a positioning accuracy with an order of tens of centimetres and few metres, respectively. Moreover, the simulation results based on the GNSS positioning results indicate that a vehicle implementing RTK-GNSS and a simple obstacle detection sensor can travel autonomously in a farmyard without colliding with the tree rows. In contrast, a vehicle implementing SA-GNSS and a simple obstacle detection sensor cannot drive autonomously in an orchard and must realise self-positioning using a more accurate sensor. Therefore, the proposed approach of realising simulations of autonomous agricultural robots based on GNSS data from a real orchard can facilitate the evaluation of practical agricultural robots and confirming safety traveling root. The results demonstrate the possibility of development of small agricultural robot for orchards. We conducted the GNSS positioning test in an orchard at an altitude of approximately 830 m, and a similar performance can be expected under similar agricultural situations because the error of the GNSS module was set to be higher than the measured value in driving simulation test.
N6-Methyladenosine Methyltransferase METTL3 Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Testicular Damage through Modulating TUG1/Clusterin Axis
Authors: Tian Yuan , Xiao Yue-Hai , Sun Chao , Liu Bei , Sun Fa
Published: February 2023

Background: The present study investigated the regulatory effects of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase like-3 (METTL3) in diabetes-induced testicular damage.Methods: In vivo diabetic mice and high glucose (HG) treated GC-1 spg cells were established. The mRNA and protein expressions were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining. Levels of testosterone, blood glucose, cell viability, and apoptosis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, MTT, and flow cytometry, respectively. Molecular interactions were verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay. Histopathological staining was performed to evaluate testicular injury.Results: METTL3 and long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated 1 (lncRNA TUG1) were downregulated in testicular tissues of diabetic mice and HG-treated GC-1 spg cells. METTL3 overexpression could reduce the blood glucose level, oxidative stress and testicular damage but enhance testosterone secretion in diabetic mouse model and HG-stimulated GC-1 spg cells. Mechanically, METTL3-mediated m6A methylation enhanced the stability of TUG1, then stabilizing the clusterin mRNA via recruiting serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1. Moreover, inhibition of TUG1/clusterin signaling markedly reversed the protective impacts of METTL3 overexpression on HG-stimulated GC-1 spg cells.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that METTL3 ameliorated diabetes-induced testicular damage by upregulating the TUG1/clusterin signaling. These data further elucidate the potential regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification on diabetes-induced testicular injury.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Kyung-Soo , Hong Sangmo , Ahn Hong-Yup , Park Cheol-Young
Published: February 2023

Background: We investigated whether metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using a large-scale health examination cohort.Methods: A total of 394,835 subjects in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study cohort were enrolled from 2002 to 2012. Participants were categorized by the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and MAFLD as follows: normal subjects; patients with both NAFLD and MAFLD; patients with NAFLD only; and patients with MAFLD only. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the risk of mortality.Results: During a median 5.7 years of follow-up, 20.69% was patients with both NAFLD and MAFLD, 1.51% was patients with NAFLD only, and 4.29% was patients with MAFLD only. All-cause and cardiovascular death was higher in patients with MAFLD than those without MAFLD (P<0.001, respectively). In patients with MAFLD only, the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause and cardiovascular death was 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.60) and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.26 to 2.88) after adjusting for age, which lost its statistical significance by multivariable adjustments. Compared to patients with less than two components of metabolic dysfunction, patients with more than two components of metabolic dysfunction were a higher risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.25 to 3.38) and only women with more than two components of metabolic dysfunction were a higher risk of all-cause death (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.03).Conclusion: MAFLD criteria could identify a high-risk group for all-cause and cardiovascular death.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Sarcopenia and Carotid Plaque Progression Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cho Yongin , Park Hye-Sun , Huh Byung Wook , Lee Yong-ho , Seo Seong Ha , Seo Da Hea , Ahn Seong Hee , Hong Seongbin , Kim So Hun
Published: February 2023

Background: We aimed to evaluate whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with or without sarcopenia is associated with progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: We investigated 852 T2DM patients who underwent abdominal ultrasonography, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and carotid artery ultrasonography at baseline and repeated carotid ultrasonography after 6 to 8 years. NAFLD was confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography, and sarcopenia was defined as a sex-specific skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) value <2 standard deviations below the mean for healthy young adults. SMI was calculated by dividing the sum of appendicular skeletal mass by body weight. We investigated the association between NAFLD with or without sarcopenia and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis.Results: Of the 852 patients, 333 (39.1%) were classified as NAFLD without sarcopenia, 66 (7.7%) were classified as sarcopenia without NAFLD, and 123 (14.4%) had NAFLD with sarcopenia at baseline. After 6 to 8 years, patients with both NAFLD and sarcopenia had a higher risk of atherosclerosis progression (adjusted odds ratio, 2.20; P<0.009) than controls without NAFLD and sarcopenia. When a subgroup analysis was performed on only patients with NAFLD, female sex, absence of central obesity, and non-obesity were significant factors related to increased risk of plaque progression risk in sarcopenic patients.Conclusion: NAFLD with sarcopenia was significantly associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.
Genome-Wide Association Study on Longitudinal Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose in Korean Population
Authors: Jin Heejin , Kwak Soo Heon , Yoon Ji Won , Lee Sanghun , Park Kyong Soo , Won Sungho , Cho Nam H.
Published: February 2023

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have identified more than 400 distinct genetic loci associated with diabetes and nearly 120 loci for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin level to date. However, genetic risk factors for the longitudinal deterioration of FPG have not been thoroughly evaluated. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with longitudinal change of FPG over time.Methods: We used two prospective cohorts in Korean population, which included a total of 10,528 individuals without T2DM. GWAS of repeated measure of FPG using linear mixed model was performed to investigate the interaction of genetic variants and time, and meta-analysis was conducted. Genome-wide complex trait analysis was used for heritability calculation. In addition, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed using the Genotype-Tissue Expression project.Results: A small portion (4%) of the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interaction with time explained the total phenotypic variance of longitudinal change in FPG. A total of four known genetic variants of FPG were associated with repeated measure of FPG levels. One SNP (rs11187850) showed a genome-wide significant association for genetic interaction with time. The variant is an eQTL for NOC3 like DNA replication regulator (NOC3L) gene in pancreas and adipose tissue. Furthermore, NOC3L is also differentially expressed in pancreatic β-cells between subjects with or without T2DM. However, this variant was not associated with increased risk of T2DM nor elevated FPG level.Conclusion: We identified rs11187850, which is an eQTL of NOC3L, to be associated with longitudinal change of FPG in Korean population.
Heterogeneity of Islet Cells during Embryogenesis and Differentiation
Authors: Sasaki Shugo , Miyatsuka Takeshi
Published: February 2023

Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell dysfunction and/or β-cell loss. Therefore, the restoration of functional β-cells by the induction of β-cell differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, or from somatic non-β-cells, may be a promising curative therapy. To establish an efficient and feasible method for generating functional insulin-producing cells, comprehensive knowledge of pancreas development and β-cell differentiation, including the mechanisms driving cell fate decisions and endocrine cell maturation is crucial. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have opened a new era in pancreas development and diabetes research, leading to clarification of the detailed transcriptomes of individual insulin-producing cells. Such extensive high-resolution data enables the inference of developmental trajectories during cell transitions and gene regulatory networks. Additionally, advancements in stem cell research have not only enabled their immediate clinical application, but also has made it possible to observe the genetic dynamics of human cell development and maturation in a dish. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneity of islet cells during embryogenesis and differentiation as demonstrated by scRNA-seq studies on the developing and adult pancreata, with implications for the future application of regenerative medicine for diabetes.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on extended reality-based pediatric nursing simulation program development
Authors: Kim Eun Joo , Lim Ji Young , Kim Geun Myun
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis explored extended reality (XR)-based pediatric nursing simulation programs and analyzed their effectiveness.Methods: A literature search was conducted between May 1 and 30, 2022 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL. The search period was from 2000 to 2022. In total, 6,095 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 14 articles were selected for the final content analysis and 10 for the meta-analysis. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Comprehensive Meta- Analysis program.Results: XR-based pediatric nursing simulation programs have increased since 2019. Studies using virtual reality with manikins or high-fidelity simulators were the most common, with six studies. The total effect size was statistically significant at 0.84 (95% confidence interval=0.50-1.19, z=4.82, p<.001).Conclusion: Based on the findings, we suggest developing standardized guidelines for the operation of virtual pediatric nursing simulation education and practice. Simultaneously, the application of more sophisticated research designs for effect measurement and the combined applications of various virtual simulation methods are needed to validate the most effective simulation methodology.
Factors affecting the mental health status of children from multicultural families in South Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of data from the multicultural adolescents panel study
Authors: Choi Sunyeob
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the mental health status of children from multicultural families in South Korea.Methods: This study was based on Dahlgren and Whitehead's (1991) rainbow model as a conceptual framework and used data from the second phase of the multicultural adolescents panel study conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with p<.05 considered to indicate statistical significance.Results: In the final model, stress (odds ratio [OR]=0.53, p<.001), life satisfaction (OR=2.09, p=.004), self-esteem (OR=1.73, p=.032), and peer support (OR=1.46, p=.019) affected the mental health status of children from multicultural families. The living and working conditions and general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions did not significantly influence the mental health status of children from multicultural families in the final model.Conclusion: As components of Dahlgren and Whitehead's model, individual hereditary and lifestyle factors, as well as social and community networks, affected the mental health status of children from multicultural families. Therefore, in order to improve the mental health of children from multicultural families, efforts are needed to alleviate their stress, increase life satisfaction and self-esteem, and strengthen their social support.