bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of weld defects in similar and dissimilar resistance seam welding of aluminium, zinc and galvanised steel
Authors: Mira-Aguiar T. , Galvão I. , Leitão C. , Rodrigues D. M.
Published: April 2015

In the present investigation, a microstructural characterisation of welds performed by resistance seam welding was carried out, with special focus on weld defect analysis. In order to perform a comparative weldability analysis, the welds were performed using similar welding procedures. Similar welds in aluminium (5754-H22) and zinc (Zintek) alloys, as well as dissimilar welds between galvanised steel and zinc, were studied. The defective aluminium welds were found to be characterised by important grain growth inside an inhomogeneous nugget and by the presence of important voids and cracks. The zinc welds showed a well defined nugget, but with porosities and some cracks. In the dissimilar steel–zinc welds, important macroscopic defects were observed. Microstructural analysis evidenced the occurrence of melting at the zinc side of the welds; meanwhile, no microstructural modifications could be observed for the steel side. Defect formation, as well as weld morphologies, was related to the variation in welding parameters.
Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in high-grade gliomas: PET/CT with 68Ga-DOTA-peptides, correlation to prognostic markers, and implications for targeted radiotherapy
Authors: Kiviniemi Aida , Gardberg Maria , Frantzén Janek , Pesola Marko , Vuorinen Ville , Parkkola Riitta , Tolvanen Tuula , Suilamo Sami , Johansson Jarkko , Luoto Pauliina , Kemppainen Jukka , Roivainen Anne , Minn Heikki
Published: April 2015

Background

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) express somatostatin receptors (SSTR), rendering them candidates for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Our purpose was to evaluate the potential of 68Ga-DOTA-1-Nal3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTANOC) or 68Ga-DOTA-Tyr3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTATOC) to target SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) in HGGs, and to study the association between SSTR2 expression and established biomarkers.

Methods

Twenty-seven patients (mean age 52 years) with primary or recurrent HGG prospectively underwent 68Ga-DOTA-peptide positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before resection. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and receptor binding potential (BP) were calculated on PET/CT and disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-T1-Gad). Tumor volume concordance between PET and MRI-T1-Gad was assessed by Dice similarity coefficient (DC) and correlation by Spearman’s rank. Immunohistochemically determined SSTR2 status was compared to receptor imaging findings, prognostic biomarkers, and survival with Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson chi-square, and multivariate Cox regression, respectively.

Results

All 19 HGGs with disrupted BBB demonstrated tracer uptake. Tumor SUVmax (2.25 ± 1.33) correlated with MRI-T1-Gad (r = 0.713, P = 0.001) although DC 0.41 ± 0.19 suggested limited concordance. SSTR2 immunohistochemistry was regarded as positive in nine HGGs (32%) but no correlation with SUVmax or BP was found. By contrast, SSTR2 expression was associated with IDH1 mutation (P = 0.007), oligodendroglioma component (P = 0.010), lower grade (P = 0.005), absence of EGFR amplification (P = 0.021), and longer progression-free survival (HR 0.161, CI 0.037 to 0.704, P = 0.015).

Conclusions

In HGGs, uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-peptides is associated with disrupted BBB and cannot be predicted by SSTR2 immunohistochemistry. Thus, PET/CT shows limited value to detect HGGs suitable for PRRT. However, high SSTR2 expression portends favorable outcome along with established biomarkers such as IDH1 mutation.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01460706
Applications of order-theoretic fixed point theorems to discontinuous quasi-equilibrium problems
Authors: Zhang Congjun , Wang Yuehu
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we apply order-theoretic fixed point theorems and isotone selection theorems to study quasi-equilibrium problems. Some existence theorems of solutions to quasi-equilibrium problems are obtained on Hilbert lattices, chain-complete lattices and chain-complete posets, respectively. In contrast to many papers on equilibrium problems, our approach is order-theoretic and all results obtained in this paper do not involve any topological continuity with respect to the considered mappings.
The double absorbing boundary method for elastodynamics in homogeneous and layered media
Authors: Rabinovich Daniel , Givoli Dan , Bielak Jacobo , Hagstrom Thomas
Published: April 2015

Background

Recently the Double Absorbing Boundary (DAB) method was introduced as a new approach for solving wave problems in unbounded domains. It has common features to each of two types of existing techniques: local high-order Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABC) and Perfectly Matched Layers (PML). However, it is different from both and enjoys relative advantages with respect to both.

Methods

The DAB method is based on truncating the unbounded domain to produce a finite computational domain, and on applying a local high-order ABC on two parallel artificial boundaries, which are a small distance apart, and thus form a thin non-reflecting layer. Auxiliary variables are defined on the two boundaries and within the layer, and participate in the numerical scheme. In previous studies DAB was developed for acoustic waves which are solutions to the scalar wave equation. Here the approach is extended to time-dependent elastic waves in homogeneous and layered media. The equations are written in second-order form in space and time. Standard Finite Elements (FE) are used for space discretization and the damped Newmark scheme is used for time discretization.

Results

The performance of the scheme is demonstrated via numerical examples. The DAB was applied to elastodynamics problems in conjunction with the FE method to demonstrate the performance of the method.

Conclusions

DAB is a viable method for solving wave problems in unbounded domains.
Predicting Anthracycline Benefit: TOP2A and CEP17—Not Only but Also
Authors: Bartlett John M.S. , McConkey Christopher C. , Munro Alison F. , Desmedt Christine , Dunn Janet A. , Larsimont Denis P. , O'Malley Frances P. , Cameron David A. , Earl Helena M. , Poole Christopher J. , Shepherd Lois E. , Cardoso Fatima , Jensen Maj-Britt , Caldas Carlos , Twelves Christopher J. , Rea Daniel W. , Ejlertsen Bent , Di Leo Angelo , Pritchard Kathleen I.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

Evidence supporting the clinical utility of predictive biomarkers of anthracycline activity is weak, with a recent meta-analysis failing to provide strong evidence for either HER2 or TOP2A. Having previously shown that duplication of chromosome 17 pericentromeric alpha satellite as measured with a centromere enumeration probe (CEP17) predicted sensitivity to anthracyclines, we report here an individual patient–level pooled analysis of data from five trials comparing anthracycline-based chemotherapy with CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer.

Patients and Methods

Fluorescent in situ hybridization for CEP17, HER2, and TOP2A was performed in three laboratories on samples from 3,846 of 4,864 eligible patients from five trials evaluating anthracycline-containing chemotherapy versus CMF. Methodologic differences did not affect HER2-to-CEP17 ratios but necessitated different definitions for CEP17 duplication: > 1.86 observed copies per cell for BR9601, NEAT, Belgian, and DBCG89D trials and > 2.25 for the MA.5 trial.

Results

Fluorescent in situ hybridization data were available in 89.3% (HER2), 83.9% (CEP17), and 80.6% (TOP2A) of 3,846 patient cases with available tissue. Both CEP17and TOP2A treatment-by-marker interactions remained significant in adjusted analyses for recurrence-free and overall survival, whereas HER2 did not. A combined CEP17 and TOP2A–adjusted model predicted anthracycline benefit across all five trials for both recurrence-free (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.82; P = .001) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.85; P = .005).

Conclusion

This prospectively planned individual-patient pooled analysis of patient cases from five adjuvant trials confirms that patients whose tumors harbor either CEP17 duplication or TOP2A aberrations, but not HER2 amplification, benefit from adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy.
Impact of Specific Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations and Clinical Characteristics on Outcomes After Treatment With EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Versus Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Chee Khoon , Wu Yi-Long , Ding Pei Ni , Lord Sarah J. , Inoue Akira , Zhou Caicun , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Rosell Rafael , Pavlakis Nick , Links Matthew , Gebski Val , Gralla Richard J. , Yang James Chih-Hsin
Published: April 2015

Purpose

We examined the impact of different epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and clinical characteristics on progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as first-line therapy.

Patients and Methods

This meta-analysis included randomized trials comparing EGFR TKIs with chemotherapy. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for PFS for the trial population and prespecified subgroups and calculated pooled estimates of treatment efficacy using the fixed-effects inverse-variance-weighted method. All statistical tests were two sided.

Results

In seven eligible trials (1,649 patients), EGFR TKIs, compared with chemotherapy, significantly prolonged PFS overall (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.42) and in all subgroups. For tumors with exon 19 deletions, the benefit was 50% greater (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.29) than for tumors with exon 21 L858R substitution (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.58; Pinteraction < .001). Never-smokers had a 36% greater benefit (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.37) than current or former smokers (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.63; Pinteraction < .001). Women had a 27% greater benefit (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.38) than men (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.55; treatment-sex interaction P = .02). Performance status, age, ethnicity, and tumor histology did not significantly predict additional benefit from EGFR TKIs.

Conclusion

Although EGFR TKIs significantly prolonged PFS overall and in all subgroups, compared with chemotherapy, greater benefits were observed in those with exon 19 deletions, never-smokers, and women. These findings should enhance drug development and economic analyses, as well as the design and interpretation of clinical trials.
Subgroup Analyses in Reporting of Phase III Clinical Trials in Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Liang Fei , Li Wenfeng , Hu Xichun
Published: April 2015

Purpose

Treatment decisions in clinical oncology are guided by results from phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The results of subgroup analyses may be potentially important in individualizing patient care. We investigated the appropriateness of the use and interpretation of subgroup analyses in oncology RCTs on the basis of the CONSORT statement requirements.

Methods

Phase III RCTs published between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, were reviewed to identify eligible studies of solid tumor treatments. Information related to the subgroup analyses included prespecification, number, subgroup factors, interaction test use, and claim of subgroup difference.

Results

A total of 221 publications reporting data on 184,500 patients were analyzed. One hundred eighty-eight (85%) RCTs were reported with subgroup analyses. Of those, 146 (78%) trials were reported with at least six subgroups. For the majority of trials with subgroup analyses (173; 92%), the actual number of subgroup analyses conducted cannot be determined. Only 59 (31%) RCTs were reported with fully prespecified subgroups and only 64 (34%) trials were reported with interaction tests. In addition, 102 (54%) RCTs were reported with claims of subgroup differences. Of those, only 18 claims of RCTs (18%) were based on significant interaction test results.

Conclusion

The reporting of subgroup analyses in contemporary oncology RCTs is neither uniform nor complete; it requires improvement to ensure consistency and to provide critical information for guiding patient care. Major problems include testing of a large number of subgroups, subgroups without prespecifications, and inadequate use of interaction tests.
Structure–function analysis and genetic interactions of the Yhc1, SmD3, SmB, and Snp1 subunits of yeast U1 snRNP and genetic interactions of SmD3 with U2 snRNP subunit Lea1
Authors: Schwer Beate , Shuman Stewart
Published: April 2015

Yhc1 and U1-C are essential subunits of the yeast and human U1 snRNP, respectively, that stabilize the duplex formed by U1 snRNA at the pre-mRNA 5′ splice site (5′SS). Mutational analysis of Yhc1, guided by the human U1 snRNP crystal structure, highlighted the importance of Val20 and Ser19 at the RNA interface. Though benign on its own, V20A was lethal in the absence of branchpoint-binding complex subunit Mud2 and caused a severe growth defect in the absence of U1 subunit Nam8. S19A caused a severe defect with mud2▵. Essential DEAD-box ATPase Prp28 was bypassed by mutations of Yhc1 Val20 and Ser19, consistent with destabilization of U1•5′SS interaction. We extended the genetic analysis to SmD3, which interacts with U1-C/Yhc1 in U1 snRNP, and to SmB, its neighbor in the Sm ring. Whereas mutations of the interface of SmD3, SmB, and U1-C/Yhc1 with U1-70K/Snp1, or deletion of the interacting Snp1 N-terminal peptide, had no growth effect, they elicited synthetic defects in the absence of U1 subunit Mud1. Mutagenesis of the RNA-binding triad of SmD3 (Ser-Asn-Arg) and SmB (His-Asn-Arg) provided insights to built-in redundancies of the Sm ring, whereby no individual side-chain was essential, but simultaneous mutations of Asn or Arg residues in SmD3 and SmB were lethal. Asn-to-Ala mutations SmB and SmD3 caused synthetic defects in the absence of Mud1 or Mud2. All three RNA site mutations of SmD3 were lethal in cells lacking the U2 snRNP subunit Lea1. Benign C-terminal truncations of SmD3 were dead in the absence of Mud2 or Lea1 and barely viable in the absence of Nam8 or Mud1. In contrast, SMD3-E35A uniquely suppressed the temperature-sensitivity of lea1▵.
Comorbidity of alcohol dependence with other psychiatric disorders. Part I. Epidemiology of dual diagnosis
Authors: Klimkiewicz Anna , Klimkiewicz Jakub , Jakubczyk Andrzej , Kieres-Salomoński Ilona , Wojnar Marcin
Published: April 2015

Praca stanowi przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczącego współwystępowania uzależnienia od alkoholu z innymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Sytuacja, gdy uzależnienie od alkoholu towarzyszy innym zaburzeniom psychicznym jest znacznie częstsza, niż się powszechnie uważa. Szacuje się, że ponad jedna trzecia osób z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń psychicznych używa w sposób szkodliwy, bądź jest uzależniona od substancji psychoaktywnych, w tym najczęściej od alkoholu. Jednocześnie wśród pacjentów uzależnionych od alkoholu 37% cierpi równocześnie na inne zaburzenia psychiczne. Uzależnienie od alkoholu jest związane z częstszym występowaniem: zaburzeń nastroju ogółem – ponad trzykrotnie, depresji – niemal czterokrotnie, zaburzeń afektywnych dwubiegunowych – ponad sześciokrotnie, zaburzeń lękowych ogółem – ponad dwukrotnie, zaburzeń lękowych uogólnionych – ponad czterokrotnie, zaburzeń lękowych z napadami paniki – niemal dwukrotnie, zespołu stresu pourazowego – ponad dwukrotnie. Niedoszacowanie tej współchorobowości pozostaje częstą przyczyną trudności terapeutycznych w tej grupie chorych. Trening umiejętności społecznych u pacjentów z podwójnym rozpoznaniem pozwala na zmianę stylu radzenia sobie ze stresem, prowadząc do zmniejszenia częstości sięgania po substancje psychoaktywne – w tym alkohol.
The concept of alcohol craving.
Authors: Iwanicka Katarzyna , Olajossy Marcin
Published: April 2015

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie ewolucji postrzegania głodu alkoholu, który jest jednym z objawów zespołu uzależnienia od alkoholu; a także jakie to miało odzwierciedlenie w klasyfikacjach diagnostycznych. Omówione zostaną również modele powstawania głodu alkoholu, wyjaśniające etiologię tego zjawiska oraz narzędzia służące do jego pomiaru. Pojęcie objawu głodu alkoholu, definiowanego jako silna potrzeba lub przymus picia alkoholu, funkcjonowało od wielu lat nie tylko w praktyce klinicznej, ale również w świecie nauki, jako pojęcie immanentnie związane z uzależnieniem od alkoholu. Wśród specjalistów i badaczy nie było jednak zgodności, co do etiologii tego zjawiska i modelu jego powstawania. Niektórzy badacze podkreślają jego aspekt emocjonalno – motywacyjny. W piśmiennictwie akcentowana jest także jego natura poznawczo – behawioralna. Objaw głodu alkoholu został przyjęty jako kryterium diagnostyczne zespołu uzależnienia od alkoholu w Międzynarodowej Statystycznej Klasyfikacji Chorób i Problemów Zdrowotnych ICD 10. W 2013 roku został również uwzględniony jako objaw występujący w zaburzeniach używania alkoholu w klasyfikacji zaburzeń psychicznych Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego DSM 5. W badaniach klinicznych i w praktyce terapeutycznej stosuje się szereg narzędzi do pomiaru głodu alkoholu. Wśród mich można wyróżnić: Specyficzny Test Scenek związanych z Alkoholem (The Alcohol Specific Role Play Test), Skala Picia Obsesyjno-Kompulsyjnego (Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale - OCDS), Lubecka Skala Głodu Alkoholowego (Lubeck Craving Scale – LCRR) lub Kwestionariusz Chęci Spożycia Alkoholu (Alcohol Urge Questionaire – AUQ).
Deinstitutionalization in Italian psychiatry – the course and consequences

Part I. The course of deinstitutionalization – the activity of Basaglia’s group
Authors: Morzycka - Markowska Maria , Drozdowicz Ewa , Nasierowski Tadeusz
Published: April 2015

Reforma psychiatrii włoskiej polegała na wdrożeniu w 1978 roku w skali całego kraju zmian legislacyjnych wzorowanych na antyinstytucjonalnych eksperymentach, prowadzonych w latach 60-tych i 70-tych XX wieku przez Franco Basaglię i grupę jego współpracowników. Działalność grupy Basaglii była integralną częścią europejskiego ruchu reformatorskiego tego czasu, wykorzystującego koniunkturę ekonomiczną, kulturową i polityczną dla zmian w psychiatrii. Antypsychiatria włoska doprowadziła do najbardziej radykalnego eksperymentu deinstytucjonalizacji w historii. Objęła całą psychiatrię sektora publicznego, na przestrzeni ćwierćwiecza doprowadzając do wielkiej debaty społecznej nad zmianą sytuacji osób chorych psychicznie oraz do systemowej zmiany leczenia i opieki nad nimi. Basaglia stawiał na autentyczny kontakt z chorymi, czerpiąc inspiracje głównie z analizy fenomenologicznej. O ile antypsychiatrzy brytyjscy, francuscy i amerykańscy kontestowali system opieki psychiatrycznej, o tyle radykalni włoscy psychiatrzy na czele z Basaglią podjęli próby jego demontażu od wewnątrz i skutecznie stworzyli poparcie społeczne dla procesu deinstytucjonalizacji. Swoje idee Basaglia promował w całej Europie, w tym także na forum WHO.
The stabilizing effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine - a randomized, double-blind trial.
Authors: Holka-Pokorska Justyna , Radzio Rafał , Jarema Marek , Wichniak Adam
Published: April 2015

Cel

Badania epidemiologiczne wykazały, że niski poziom dehydroepiandrosteronu łączy się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem rozwoju zespołu metabolicznego. Celem badania była ocena, czy suplementacja dehydroepiandrosteronu w dawce 100mg/dobę u chorych na schizofrenię leczonych olanzapiną wpływa na antropometryczne oraz biochemiczne parametry zespołu metabolicznego.

Metoda

W dwunastotygodniowym badaniu, podwójnie ślepym, z randomizacją i kontrolą placebo uczestniczyło 55 chorych płci męskiej, z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii paranoidalnej, w wieku 21-59 lat. Otrzymywali oni dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA) lub placebo w dawce 100mg, jako terapię dodaną do stabilnej dawki olanzapiny (średnio 15 mg/dobę). Oceniano efekty wpływu DHEA lub placebo na wartości lipidogramu, poziomu glikemii na czczo, BMI oraz obwodu pasa.

Wyniki

Badanie ukończyło 45 chorych. Nie wykazano istotnych zmian w zakresie wartości cholesterolu całkowitego, cholesterolu HDL, cholesterolu LDL oraz trójglicerydów w obu podgrupach pacjentów, którzy ukończyli badanie. Wyniki analizy z powtarzalnymi pomiarami w układzie: poziom glikemii na czczo 2x tj. pomiar na początku i na końcu badania x 2 (grupa badawcza i kontrolna), wykazały znaczący efekt interakcji (F =5,7, df= 1,000 p= 0,021). Poziom glikemii znacząco zmalał w podgrupie DHEA. Dodatkowo obserwowano wzrost wartości obwodu pasa w cm (delta= -1,11, t=-2,87; df=20; p=0,01) oraz wartości BMI (delta= -0,48, t=-2,38; df=19; p=0,028) dla podgrupy placebo, przy braku zmian powyższych parametrów dla podgrupy DHEA.

Wnioski

Suplementacja dehydroepiandrosteronu może wywierać efekt stabilizujący wartości BMI, obwodu pasa oraz glikemii na czczo u chorych na schizofrenię leczonych olanzapiną. Potwierdzenie insulinopodobnego działania dehydroepiandorsteronu w grupie pacjentów ze schizofrenią wymaga jednak przeprowadzenia dalszych badań długoterminowych z zastosowaniem bardziej szczegółowych narzędzi z zakresu oceny biochemicznej metabolizmu glukozy.
Guidelines for the use of second-generation long-acting antipsychotics
Authors: Jarema Marek , Wichniak Adam , Dudek Dominika , Samochowiec Jerzy , Bieńkowski Przemysław , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: April 2015

Leki przeciwpsychotyczne o przedłużonym działaniu (LAI) są cenną alternatywą w leczeniu zaburzeń psychotycznych, głównie schizofrenii. Zapewniają bardziej stabilny poziom leku, poprawiają współpracę w leczeniu, zwiększają szanse na dobra i trwałą poprawę. Ich stosowanie zmniejsza także niepokój otoczenia chorego o to czy pacjent stosuje się do zaleceń lekarskich. Uważa się, że wahania poziomu leku nie sprzyjają utrzymaniu długotrwałej poprawy klinicznej, a więc zwiększają ryzyko pogorszenia stanu zdrowia pacjenta, w tym nawrotu psychozy lub ryzyka hospitalizacji, zwiększają ryzyko występowania uciążliwych dla chorego objawów ubocznych. Mylne jest dość powszechne przekonanie, że LAI stosuje się jedynie dlatego, aby uniknąć złej współpracy chorego przy leczeniu przeciwpsychotycznym. Stosowanie LAI nie jest tylko i wyłącznie inną formą podawania leku przeciwpsychotycznego. Leki przeciwpsychotyczne drugiej generacji i przedłużonym działaniu łączą korzyści wynikające z atypowości leku z korzyściami leków długodziałających. Omówiono cztery leki przeciwpsychotyczne II generacji stosowane w formie o przedłużonym działaniu: risperidon, olanzapinę, aripiprazol i paliperidon. Omówiono wskazania, zasady leczenia w tym praktyczne wskazówki stosowania tych leków, tolerancję oraz potencjalne interakcje tych leków.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: April 2015

Drodzy Czytelnicy,
Z radością i dumą informujemy, że udało się zrealizować zamierzenie zapowiedziane w poprzednim numerze: w PubMed pojawiła się po raz pierwszy możliwość bezpośredniego i bezpłatnego dostępu do pełnych tekstów publikowanych w Psychiatrii Polskiej (dostępne są wersje polsko- i angielskojęzyczne)!!! Zostały one dla zeszytu 6/2014 pobrane przez użytkowników Medline już 500 razy. Dzięki temu prace polskich uczonych-psychiatrów są łatwiej dostępne dla zainteresowanych kolegów z całego świata, a Psychiatria Polska realnie staje się czasopismem o zasięgu międzynarodowym. Mamy ogromną nadzieję, że w kolejnych latach zaowocuje to wyraźną poprawą wskaźników bibliometrycznych (czego jednakże patrząc realistycznie nie należy się spodziewać w bieżącym, ani w następnym roku). Wiosenny zeszyt Psychiatrii Polskiej poświęcony jest kilku istotnym zagadnieniom. Zwracamy uwagę na teksty poświęcone uzależnieniom - behawioralnym (uzależnienie od internetu) i od alkoholu. Dwa artykuły zespołu prof. M. Wojnara podsumowują zagadnienia związane ze współwystępowaniem uzależnienia od alkoholu z innymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Temat podwójnej diagnozy pojawiał się już na naszych łamach (na przykład [1]). Jest to niezwykle trudne zagadnienie, a pacjenci stanowią nie lada wyzwanie tak terapeutyczne, jak i diagnostyczne. Często wymagają bardzo kompleksowego podejścia: farmakoterapii współwystępującej choroby psychicznej, psychoedukacji, programów leczenia uzależnienia. Dla tych chorych utrzymanie abstynencji jest szczególnie trudne, zwłaszcza w sytuacji zaostrzenia objawów psychopatologicznych. Istotnym kierunkiem jest poszukiwanie dodatkowych, farmakoterapeutycznych metod, które pomagają redukować stopień nadużywania alkoholu i wynikające z tego szkody. Należą do nich: akamprozat, leki będące antagonistami receptorów opioidowych [2], zaś w bieżącym numerze autorzy z Uniwersytetu w Cagliari skupili się na działaniu baklofenu. (...)
Breaking Free of a Stereotype: Should a Domestic Brand Pretend to Be a Foreign One?
Authors: Zhang Kaifu
Published: April 2015

Consumers in many emerging markets exhibit a pronounced preference for western and global brands, while domestic brands are often associated with a cheap but low quality image. Frustrated with the negative country-of-origin (COO) stereotype imposed on them, many domestic brands from emerging markets follow a variety of approaches to disguise their COO and pretend to be foreign. This paper studies the strategic aspects of this phenomenon. We consider an experience good market where consumers learn about each brand’s quality, using its COO as a prior. Each firm can invest in product quality or COO dissociation; the former generates better quality signals while the latter simply masks the firm’s COO identity. The analysis reveals a few main insights. Sharing a reputation leads to a common good problem where firms free-ride on each other’s quality investments. As a high quality firm dissociates itself from the stereotype, it ceases to contribute to the COO image but also prevents its low quality peers from free-riding on it. This incurs a negative direct effect but a positive strategic effect on the group image. Consequently, a country’s COO image may actually improve when more high quality brands shun their identities and pretend to be foreign. In equilibrium, COO image improves monotonically as firms become more efficient in providing quality. However, the prevalence of COO dissociation may first increase then decrease. We discuss the implications of these results for emerging market brands as well as policy makers.
The Linear Complementarity Problems with a Few Variables per Constraint
Authors: Sumita Hanna , Kakimura Naonori , Makino Kazuhisa
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we consider the sparse linear complementarity problem, denoted by k-LCP: the coefficient matrices are restricted to have at most k nonzero entries per row. It is known that the 1-LCP is solvable in linear time, and the 3-LCP is strongly NP-hard. We show that the 2-LCP is strongly NP-hard, and it can be solved in polynomial time if it is sign-balanced, i.e., each row of the matrix has at most one positive and one negative entry. Our second result matches the currently best-known complexity bound for the corresponding sparse linear feasibility problem. In addition, we show that an integer variant of the sign-balanced 2-LCP is weakly NP-hard and pseudo-polynomially solvable, and the generalized 1-LCP is strongly NP-hard.
Using Digital Service Inventories to Create Customer Value
Authors: Davis Mark M. , Field Joy , Stavrulaki Euthemia
Published: April 2015

Technology continues to affect today’s businesses in general and services in particular. With the globalization of business, service organizations have access to many of the same external resources. As a result, services must look internally to how they design their delivery processes to increase the value of their offerings. One element that appears to offer such opportunities is the creation of service inventories in the design of the service delivery process. We define service inventory as any tangible or intangible operand resource that is transformed by the service provider with or without customer input and is stored prior to the customer’s arrival. The goal of service inventories is to facilitate the steps in the service delivery process, thereby creating customer value during the service encounter. Within this context, service inventories can be either physical or digital; we focus primarily on the creation of digital service inventories and how they add value for both the provider and the customer.

We introduce a framework that relates the degree of customer interaction and the degree of service inventory differentiation to operational “stickiness.” Our objective is to acknowledge the increasing role of technology in the delivery of services, and we discuss how services can leverage this technology by incorporating service inventories into the design of their delivery processes. The resulting synergy from both increasing the level of customer interaction during the value cocreation process and creating service inventories (both of which are integral elements in our framework) provides firms with increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Ubiquitous computing, digital failure and citizenship learning in Swedish popular education
Authors: Rahm Lina , Fejes Andreas
Published: April 2015

How do adult students enact citizenship, and what discursive and material conditions make certain enactments more or less possible? This article draws on 37 interviews with adult students at Swedish Folk High Schools and focuses on the everyday material-discursive enactments of interactive media in adult students’ statements about citizenship. Drawing on a post-constructional perspective, the analysis illustrates how students’ statements about citizenship are made possible by ever-present media technologies and the associated practices of ‘living in media’. Students’ statements continuously reiterate how notions of citizenship are entangled with the Internet (and other new media). However, while new media are deeply embedded in the everyday lives of citizens and enables important citizenship enactments, they are also a source of discomfort, giving rise to ambiguous statements. These double-edged statements refer on the one hand to negative implications on physical health, distraction from important tasks and an over-reliance on the Internet as an everyday need, and on the other hand to improved access to information, convivial communities and empowered citizenship.
Students as citizens of their university: Student involvement in programme prioritization
Authors: Steeves Josie
Published: April 2015

Higher education is a rapidly changing environment for policy creation and administration. Since the 1960s students have been included in governing bodies and are viewed as central to the development of a democratic organizational culture at universities. However, many student activists and leaders do not feel their interests are being represented appropriately or adequately within the university. Through an examination of the literature on organizational culture and citizenship, and the use of a brief example from a university in Canada, I posit that students are not core contributing members of the organizational culture of the university and are not included in a significant manner in governance. As a result, they are not ‘citizens’ of universities and are instead seen as ‘clients’. This could have potential impacts on student reactions to changing administrative practices such as programme changes and fee structures.
How to Design for Large-Scale Multi-Stakeholder Co-Creation Initiatives: Reframing Crime Prevention Challenges with the Police in Denmark
Authors: Degnegaard Rex , Degnegaard Stine , Coughlan Peter
Published: April 2015

The police in Denmark have made a strategic intent to engage and activate external stakeholders in crime prevention efforts. However, knowledge of how to unfold the potential of such multi-stakeholder, co-creation-based business models is scarce. The current study was initiated to explore the roles of design thinking and strategic visualization in designing for multi-stakeholder, co-creation-based business models. The study is based on the design, execution and results of a workshop with the Danish police in which almost 100 innovation professionals worked on designing solutions for crime prevention challenges identified and put forth by the Danish police. The article points to how design thinking and strategic visualization can be essential vehicles in realizing the potential of co-creation-based business models by allowing for emergence, while at the same time creating clarity that potentially leads to a productive reframing of the targeted challenge.
Eastern Desekratorz and Nuclear Metal Lust:1 Performing ‘Authentic’ black metal in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Ferrarese Marco
Published: April 2015

Among the globalized metal scenes of South East Asia, Malaysian Borneo’s black metal (BM) demonstrates a great deal of referencing to the satanic themes and sonic rawness of the first wave of western BM bands such as Venom and Bathory. However, the ways in which Malaysian Borneo black metallers perform what they perceive to be ‘authentic’ BM identity clash with the reality of their everyday lives. In fact, their social backgrounds seem incompatible with the features of BM authenticity they strive to perform. What remains unclear is how and why Malaysian Borneo BM fans and musicians manifested their authentic belonging to this subculture by adopting the genre’s dominant anti-Christian imagery, when in most instances Christianity is not their religion of choice. Qualitative data were collected by ten weeks of ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with eight members of Malaysian Borneo’s BM scene in the states of Sarawak and Sabah. Findings were supported by content analysis of local BM recordings, lyrics and interviews published in independently produced metal fanzines. BM ‘authenticity’ in Malaysian Borneo emerged as a theatrical pursuit of the most shocking global examples of primeval BM, which allows for a troubled, precarious coexistence between perceived ‘authentic’ BM aspirations and everyday social life in the respondents’ lives.
Re-conceptualizing women’s marginalization in heavy metal: A feminist post-structuralist perspective
Authors: Riches Gabby
Published: April 2015

The continuing expansion of the field of metal music studies has evoked an increased interest from scholars to critically explore women’s participation within heavy metal, along with other axes of identity, from a variety of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches. Since Weinstein’s ([1991] 2000) canonical sociological study of heavy metal the notion that heavy metal is masculinist remains theoretically pervasive in gendered analyzes of heavy metal and its practices. The upcoming special issue ‘Metal and Marginalization’ signals the ‘disruptive return of the excluded’ (Butler 2004) whereby concepts of marginalization, inclusivity and agency are called into question. Drawing upon my own doctoral research, this article deconstructs the synonymous and obstructive relationship heavy metal has with masculinity by focusing on women’s embodied practices. Influenced by Butler’s (1990) theory of performativity and poststructural notions of ‘equality’ and ‘inclusivity’ (Butler et al. 1997; Scott 1988), I discuss how heavy metal scenes should be considered spaces of equality and potentiality as they permit different performativities and understandings; thus, creating real pathways for doing metal fandom differently.
Presencia afrocaribeña en la pintura cubana moderna
Authors: Juan Adelaida de
Published: April 2015

El artículo analiza la compleja encrucijada de influencias que conforman la identidad cultural de la pintura cubana moderna, prestando especial atención a la definición de los caracteres afrocaribeños que contribuyen a los procesos de transculturación en Cuba. La autora plantea plantea un análisis del imaginario afrocaribeño en obras de artistas contemporáneos de gran difusión mundial; de Wifredo Lam, René Portocarrero y Manuel Mendive, a los más jóvenes y prometedores Marta María Pérez, Roberto Diago y Belkis Ayón, cuyas obras expresan las experiencias de los afrodescendientes en Cuba.
The challenges of the volunteerism process during international sport organizations/events
Authors: Atalay Noordegraaf Meliha , Çelebi Müberra
Published: April 2015

Volunteering is popular with all generations, from youngto old. Many people try to find opportunities for being a volunteerand find the right match for their talents, interests and time. In literature volunteering is generally considered as an alturiscticactivity and is intended to promote goodness and to contribute to improving human quality of life. In return, this activity can produce a feeling of self-worth and respect. There is no financial gain involved for the individual. Volunteering is also renowned for skill development, socialization, and fun. Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served. United Nations Volunteers (UNV)  describes volunteerism as a powerful means of engaging people in tackling development challenges and it can transform the pace and nature of development. Volunteerism benefits both society at large and the individual volunteer by strengthening trust, solidarity and reciprocity among citizens, and by purposefully creating opportunities for participation. UNV recognizes volunteerism in its diversity as well as the values that sustain it: free will, commitment, engagement and solidarity.
ETHorama: Ein unkomplizierter Zugang zu digitalen Bibliotheksinhalten
Authors: Diana Hotea Meda
Published: April 2015

Seit Ende letzten Jahres präsentiert die ETH-Bibliothek mit ETHorama eine neue Rechercheplattform, auf der Orte innerhalb der Schweiz mit digitalen Dokumenten verbunden sind. Durch einen Zoom in die Karte der Schweiz ist eine Recherche in Bildern, Artikeln, alten Drucken und Karten möglich. Neben der „geographischen Suche“ sind auch Recherchen nach in Themensammlungen gruppierten Dokumenten sowie nach Stichworten möglich.

ETHorama bietet gegenwärtig den Zugriff auf etwa 6 000 Dokumente, die sich auf etwa 1 600 Orte und Gebiete innerhalb der Schweiz verteilen, wobei die Zahl der Orte sowie die Inhalte kontinuierlich ausgebaut werden. Die jeweiligen Dokumente können auf der Karte als Vorschau betrachtet werden. Der angezeigte Link „Dokument“ führt dann zum vollständigen Dokument auf der Originalplattform, auf der es abgelegt ist. Ein weiterer Link führt ins Wissensportal, die zentrale Rechercheplattform der ETH-Bibliothek.

ETHorama ist gegenwärtig in einer Betaversion zugänglich, eine erweitere Variante ist für Mitte des laufenden Jahres vorgesehen.

Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Abläufe der Dokumentgenerierung und -editierung und befasst sich schwerpunktmäßig mit den Recherche- und Präsentationsmöglichkeiten.
Echtzeit-Verkehrszustandsschätzung und -Störfallerkennung auf Schnellstraßen mittels des Erweiterterten Kalman-Filters
Authors: Wang Yibing , Meßmer Albert , Papageorgiou Markos
Published: April 2015

In diesem Aufsatz werden neueste Fortschritte bei der Echtzeitschätzung des Schnellstraßenverkehrs betrachtet. Besonderes Augenmerk
wird dabei auf einen allgemeinen Ansatz gerichtet, der sowohl Zustands- als auch Parameterschätzung vereint. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt
ist der Einsatz des Schätzalgorithmus in großräumigen Anwendungen. Zunächst wird eine mathematische Beschreibung vorgestellt, die ein
validiertes makroskopisches Verkehrsflussmodell samt Zustands- und Messrauschen enthält. Der Entwurf des Schätzalgorithmus erfolgt nach
dem Prinzip des Erweiterten Kalman-Filters. Das Verhalten des Algorithmus bezüglich Folgefähigkeit und automatischer Störfallerkennung
wird anschließend mit Hilfe realer Testdaten bzw. Anwendungen untersucht. Dies erfolgt unter diversen Bedingungen, wobei großräumige
Netze, eine dünne Messstellenanordnung, heterogene Infrastruktur, Änderungen der Umfeldbedingungen, Verkehrsstörungen, Messwertausfälle
und -ungenauigkeiten einbezogen werden. Der Aufsatz schließt mit Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung ab.

Der in diesem Aufsatz gegebene Überblick behandelt den Stand der Forschung bei der Anwendung des Erweiterten Kalman-Filters auf die
Zustandsschätzung des Schnellstraßenverkehrs. Laufende Forschungsaktivitäten in diesem Bereich beschäftigen sich mit einer Reihe von
Erweiterungen der hier beschriebenen Arbeiten. Diese beinhalten: den Vergleich mit anderen Filtermethoden (Partikelfilter oder
Unscented Filter); die Dezentralisierung der Filterstruktur; die Zustandsschätzung in städtischen Straßennetzen; neue
Problemstellungen, die sich aus der zunehmenden Zahl von vernetzten oder auch automatisierten Fahrzeugen ergeben, und mehr.
The TATA-box motif and its impact on transcriptional gene regulation by miRNAs
Authors: Granados-Riveron Javier T. , Aquino-Jarquin Guillermo
Published: April 2015

Emerging evidence suggests that components of the small RNAs pathway interact with chromatin to regulate nuclear events, such as gene transcription. However, it has recently been reported that in some cases, gene transcription regulation by cellular miRNAs can occur via targeting the TATA-box motif without altering epigenetic modifications. This observation supports the notion that multiple mechanisms of miRNA-based transcriptional regulation exist, enhancing our understanding of the complexity of small RNA-mediated gene regulatory pathways. Here, we remark that miRNA-mediated transcriptional modulation, through the TATA-box motif, may be a synergistic approach for transcriptional control.
On the Finite Volume Multigrid Method: Comparison of Intergrid Transfer Operators
Authors: Kang Kab S.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we consider finite volume multigrid
methods on triangular meshes with control volume based intergrid transfer operators.
We review the error analysis of the finite volume methods and the convergence analysis
on the multigrid method.
For several different triangulations, we investigate the error reduction
factors of the multigrid method
as a solver, and also as a preconditioner in the Preconditioned CGM and GMRES solvers.
We also study the scaling properties of the finite volume multigrid method
on a High Performance Computer.
We identify that the intergrid transfer operator based on the trial function space
has the best properties.
Pb-210 Isotope as a Pollutant Emission Indicator / Izotop Pb-210 Jako Znacznik Emisji Zanieczyszczeń
Authors: Dołhańczuk-Śródka Agnieszka , Ziembik Zbigniew , Kříž Jan , Hyšplerova Lidmila , Wacławek Maria
Published: April 2015

Passive biomonitoring using 210Pb was used in the paper to evaluate pollutant deposition. Well-developed epiphytic foliose lichens Hypogymnia physodes growing on spruce branches were used in the studies. The samples of mosses Pleurozium schreberi and soil (raw humus) were collected from the area around the tree from which the samples of lichens were collected. The studies have shown that it is possible to identify dust emission sources using a radioactive lead isotope (210Pb). The highest activity of 210Pb was observed in areas with increased deposition of other pollutants, such as Ni, Cd, Cu and Pb, which may indicate that 210Pb is one of the emission components
Momordica charantia fruit mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Nahar Mst Kamrun , Zakaria Zarina , Hashim Uda , Bari Md Fazlul
Published: April 2015

The synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) is in the spotlight of modern nanotechnology. In recent years, the development of competent green chemistry methods for the synthesis of metal NPs has become the main focus of research. The biological synthesis of NPs using plant extract is currently under exploitation. For the first time, in this paper, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reduction of silver nitrate, using fruit extracts of
Dilation and Modelling of Sands in the Light of Experimental Data
Authors: Sawicki Andrzej
Published: April 2015

The problem of dilation is discussed in the context of classical Cam-Clay model, which was developed on the basis of a specific assumption regarding the plastic work. This assumption leads to a special form of the dilation function, from which a shape of yield function is derived. The above mentioned assumption is compared with the results of the triaxial tests, performed on the model “Skarpa” sand. It is shown that the Cam-Clay approach is not realistic, as it is based on the assumption which is not consistent with experimental data. Some general considerations and discussion of this problem are also presented.
Experimental Determination of Limit Adhesive Shear Stress between Solid Wall and Liquid
Authors: Sawicki Jerzy M.
Published: April 2015

The slip boundary condition can be a very useful relation when some specific problems of hydromechanics are considered. According to the classical form of this condition, the slip of a fluid with respect to the solid wall should occur even at a very low velocity of motion. However, both theoretical analysis and certain empirical data suggest that there must be a limit value of the wall shear stress, below which the slip does not occur. According to the simplified balance of adhesive and gravitational forces, a simple experimental method for determining this stress has been proposed and applied in this paper.
The viability of Trichinella spiralis larvae in frozen pork and wild boar meat revealed by the experimental infection of laboratory mice
Authors: Iacob O. C.
Published: April 2015

The aim of the research was to verify the viability of Trichinella spiralis larvae in pig and wild boar meat frozen at -18 °C from 268 days to 1021 days.

There were three groups of laboratory inbred Balb/C mice and Bagg/ Albino/ strain C, each group received one sample consisting of 20 g meat infected with T. spiralis larvae, according to the protocol, and an uninfected control group. The experiments were ended after 80 days, by euthanizing the mice and taking samples of muscle tissue, which were processed for histopathology. The results revealed the presence of Trichinella cysts in all experimental groups, confirming the extraordinary durability and viability of Trichinella larvae in meat frozen at -18 °C for many months. It was confirmed that the larvae detected in muscle tissues of mice were Trichinella spiralis.
Hematological and histopathological changes in Hoplias malabaricus from the São Francisco River, Brazil caused by larvae of Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae)
Authors: Corrêa L. L. , Bastos L. A. D. , Ceccarelli P. S. , Dos Reis N. S.
Published: April 2015

Until now studies in Brazil of the pathological action of Contracaecum sp. larvae in Hoplias malabaricus have been rare. The aim of the present study was to analyze and describe histopathological changes in the stomach of H. malabaricus caused by different intensities of infection by larvae of Contracaecum sp., and the hematological effects of such infection. The mean intensity of infection by L3 larvae of Contracaecum sp. correlated positively with Hematocrit percentage (Hct%) and correlated negatively with mean corpuscular volume (MCV). These findings are possibly related to the passage of larvae from the stomach to the mesentery, potentially due to hemorrhaging t. Fish with high infection intensity had larvae of Contracaecum sp in the submucosal of the stomach, which caused destruction of Type I and Type III collagen (finer and more delicate collagen fibers which do not form beams and are permeated by fundamental substances) around the parasite. Microscopic analysis showed that crypts were arranged regularly throughout the stomach mucosal, varying in number, size and depth, depending on the region of the stomach.