bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary healthcare practitioners in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review on genetics
Authors: Walters Sarah , Aldous Colleen , Malherbe Helen
Published: August 2024

Individualised treatment, including genetic services, calls for an increased role of primary healthcare practitioners (pHCPs) in diagnosing and caring for individuals with genetic conditions. PHCPs' genetics knowledge and practices must be current to ensure adequate care. A scoping review was conducted to explore peer-reviewed articles on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of pHCPs concerning genetics, genetic testing, and genetic services. English-language human genetics/genomics articles published between January 1990 and April 2022 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were included. Twenty-eight articles from 16 LMICs in five World Health Organisation (WHO)-defined regions met the inclusion criteria and showed a steady increase in publications, with varied contributions by region. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) contributed the most articles (n = 8), while the Western Pacific Region (WPR) had the least (n = 2). Brazil published the most articles (n = 6), while ten countries contributed one article each. Fifteen articles included knowledge, 19 included attitudes towards genetics, and eight included genetic practices. The findings indicate that pHCPs in LMICs lack knowledge of genetics and its applications despite their positive outlook towards genetic services. Barriers such as limited resources, financial constraints, and cultural or religious beliefs hinder access to genetic services. Enhancing pHCPs' genetics education is vital for improving care for those affected by genetic conditions. The scarcity of literature in LMICs emphasises the need for research on educational interventions to improve patient outcomes and family support.
Quantum Hybrid Diffusion Models for Image Synthesis
Authors: De Falco Francesca , Ceschini Andrea , Sebastianelli Alessandro , Le Saux Bertrand , Panella Massimo
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a new methodology to design quantum hybrid diffusion models, derived from classical U-Nets with ResNet and Attention layers. Specifically, we propose two possible different hybridization schemes combining quantum computing’s superior generalization with classical networks’ modularity. In the first one, we acted at the vertex: ResNet convolutional layers are gradually replaced with variational circuits to create Quantum ResNet blocks. In the second proposed architecture, we extend the hybridization to the intermediate level of the encoder, due to its higher sensitivity in the feature extraction process. In order to conduct an in-depth analysis of the potential advantages stemming from the integration of quantum layers, images generated by quantum hybrid diffusion models are compared to those generated by classical models, and evaluated in terms of several quantitative metrics. The results demonstrate an advantage in using hybrid quantum diffusion models, as they generally synthesize better-quality images and converges faster. Moreover, they show the additional advantage of having a lower number of parameters to train compared to the classical one, with a reduction that depends on the extent to which the vertex is hybridized.
Recommendations for the optimal use of bone forming agents in osteoporosis
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Briot Karine , Guañabens Nuria , Albergaria Ben Hur , Alokail Majed , Al-Daghri Nasser , Bemden Angie Botto-van , Bruyère Olivier , Burlet Nansa , Cooper Cyrus , Curtis Elizabeth M. , Ebeling Peter R. , Halbout Philippe , Hesse Eric , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Camargos Bruno Muzzi , Harvey Nicholas C. , Perez Adolfo Diez , Radermecker Régis Pierre , Reginster Jean-Yves , Rizzoli René , Siggelkow Heide , Cortet Bernard , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: August 2024

Bone forming agents, also known as anabolic therapies, are essential in managing osteoporosis, particularly for patients at very high-risk of fractures. Identifying candidates who will benefit the most from these treatments is crucial. For example, this group might include individuals with severe osteoporosis, multiple vertebral fractures, a recent fragility fracture or those unresponsive to antiresorptive treatments. Definitions of patients with a very high fracture risk vary across nations, are often based on fracture history, bone mineral density (BMD), and/or fracture risk calculated by FRAX® or other algorithms. However, for very high-risk patients, anabolic agents such as teriparatide, abaloparatide, or romosozumab are commonly recommended as first-line therapies due to their ability to stimulate new bone formation and improve bone microarchitecture, offering significant benefits in rapid fracture reduction over antiresorptive therapies. The cost-effectiveness of these agents is a critical consideration for decision-makers. Despite their higher costs, their effectiveness in significantly reducing fracture risk and improving quality of life can justify the investment, especially when long-term savings from reduced fracture rates and associated healthcare costs are considered. Additionally, after completing a course of anabolic therapy, transitioning to antiresorptive agents like bisphosphonates or denosumab is crucial to maintain the gains in bone density and minimize subsequent fracture risks. This sequential treatment approach ensures sustained protection and optimal resource utilization. In summary, the effective use of bone forming agents in osteoporosis requires a comprehensive strategy that includes accurate patient identification, consideration of cost-effectiveness, and implementation of appropriate sequential treatments, ultimately maximizing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.
Associations of 24-hour movement behaviors with depressive symptoms in rural-dwelling older adults: a compositional data analysis
Authors: Zhao Tong , Liu Rui , Han Qi , Han Xiaolei , Ren Juan , Mao Ming , Lu Jie , Cong Lin , Wang Yongxiang , Tang Shi , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: August 2024

Background

We aimed to explore the association of sleep duration with depressive symptoms among rural-dwelling older adults in China, and to estimate the impact of substituting sleep with sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) on the association with depressive symptoms.

Methods

This population-based cross-sectional study included 2001 rural-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 60 years, 59.2% female). Sleep duration was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. We used accelerometers to assess SB and PA, and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using restricted cubic splines, compositional logistic regression, and isotemporal substitution models.

Results

Restricted cubic spline curves showed a U-shaped association between daily sleep duration and the likelihood of depressive symptoms (P-nonlinear < 0.001). Among older adults with sleep duration < 7 h/day, reallocating 60 min/day spent on SB and PA to sleep were associated with multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78–0.84) and 0.79 (0.76–0.82), respectively, for depressive symptoms. Among older adults with sleep duration ≥ 7 h/day, reallocating 60 min/day spent in sleep to SB and PA, and reallocating 60 min/day spent on SB to PA were associated with multivariable-adjusted OR of 0.78 (0.74–0.84), 0.73 (0.69–0.78), and 0.94 (0.92–0.96), respectively, for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Our study reveals a U-shaped association of sleep duration with depressive symptoms in rural older adults and further shows that replacing SB and PA with sleep or vice versa is associated with reduced likelihoods of depressive symptoms depending on sleep duration.
Correlates and Barriers of Exercise, Stress, and Wellness in Medical Students
Authors: Deisz McKayla , Papproth Cassie , Ambler Emily , Glick Margaret , Eno Cassie
Published: August 2024

Medical students report higher stress and increased mental illness than peers of similar age. Burnout and depression among medical students and physicians have also been correlated with increased risk of medical errors and decreased importance of altruistic values, such as providing care to medically underserved populations. This study works to analyze the effects of exercise, nutrition, sleep, and other factors affecting wellness and performance of medical students, as well as identifying barriers to exercise and possible solutions. A survey was distributed to medical students in the Midwest to evaluate exercise habits, dietary intake, sleep, and other factors affecting wellness. An investigation of the correlation of variables and comparison of year in school for the variables was conducted. Satisfaction with social relationship and performance in school correlated with exercise, stress, and sleep variables. Several variables, including satisfaction with exercise, social life, and performance in school, showed significant differences based on year in school. No significant findings were noted between students from the various medical institutions at which the survey was distributed regarding satisfaction with exercise, academic performance, social life, personal relationships, hours spent in clerkship/class, hours spent studying, and stress. Students tended to have higher satisfaction with school and social relationships if they engaged in exercise more often, exercised with greater intensity, and slept better. Students identified barriers to exercise including cost, availability, and lack of time. Potential solutions include a workout facility in school buildings/hospitals, allocated wellness periods for exercise, and a more consistent schedule.
Welche Effekte hatte die COVID-19-Pandemie auf Grundlegende Bildungsangebote zur Lern- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung?
Authors: Kantreiter J. , Meyer S. , Elting C. , Lenzgeiger B. , Jung J. , Lohrmann K.
Published: August 2024

Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellte Lehrkräfte vor die Herausforderung, unter veränderten Rahmenbedingungen Angebote zur Lern- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung zu gestalten. Während auf der Wirkungsseite negative Effekte der Pandemie belegt sind, ist unklar, welche Angebote zur Lern- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung während der Pandemie gemacht wurden, ob diese von „Normalbedingungen“ (schulische und unterrichtliche Rahmenbedingungen jenseits gesellschaftlicher Krisen) abwichen und welche Einflussfaktoren maßgeblich waren. In der vorliegenden quantitativen retrospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurden N = 330 Grundschullehrkräfte befragt, wie häufig sie unter Pandemie- und „Normalbedingungen“ Angebote zur Lernentwicklung im Sachunterricht und zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung machten. Aus Strukturgleichungsmodellierungen geht hervor, dass v. a. das Ausmaß der Angebote unter „Normalbedingungen“ maßgeblich für die Gestaltung unter Pandemiebedingungen war. Diskutiert werden Implikationen für Aufholmaßnahmen, Professionalisierung, Mindeststandards und die empirische Erfassung normativ-theoretischer Ansprüche Grundlegender Bildung.
Adsorption of congo red from aqueous solution using rice husk, calcined kaolin clay, and microwaved rice husk clay hybrid
Authors: Ige Abimbola O. , Ogunsile Babatunde O. , Ore Odunayo T. , Olawade David B.
Published: August 2024

The present study focused on the comparative efficiency of rice husk (RH), calcined kaolin clay (CKC), and microwave rice husk clay hybrid (MRHCH) in the adsorption of congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. The rice husk was locally sourced and pulverized, the kaolin clay was calcined at 650 °C for two hours, while the rice husk clay hybrid was generated by microwave-impregnating an equal mixture of RH and CKC for 15 min at a medium temperature. The resulting adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate their surface morphology and functional groups before and after adsorption. The effect of process variables comprising initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage were investigated and the obtained adsorption equilibrium data were modelled using Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption kinetics were computed using Pseudo first order and Pseudo second-order reaction kinetics. The results of the study indicated that adsorption using all three adsorbents increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time. On the other hand, adsorption using MRHCH and RH increased at a high initial concentration while CKC exhibited high adsorption at a low initial concentration. Isotherm studies indicated that Temkin isotherm best fits the adsorption equilibrium data while kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described CR adsorption, indicating chemisorption as the mechanism of adsorption. MRHCH demonstrated its exceptional adsorption capacity with a maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm of 4.008 mg/g. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous, endothermic, and more random at the solid-solution interface by thermodynamic investigations. The study concludes that MRHCH has great promise for wastewater treatment applications as a very efficient adsorbent for CR removal.
The Fossil-Fueled Roots of Climate Inaction in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Kakenmaster William
Published: August 2024

Why do some authoritarian regimes contribute more to climate change than others? I suggest that climate inaction in nondemocracies is shaped by a combination of fossil fuel wealth and executive constraints. Fossil fuel wealth undermines climate action by giving leaders of authoritarian regimes incentives to capture oil and gas rents that help them maintain power. Executive constraints, however, can restrict carbon-intensive rent-seeking and therefore moderate the role of fossil fuel wealth in undermining climate action. This argument provides a novel explanation for variation in efforts to address climate change among nondemocracies: the lack of institutional constraints on autocratic leaders’ use of fossil fuel wealth for political gain. I evaluate this argument using panel data on greenhouse gas emissions, oil and gas income, and executive constraints in 108 countries governed by authoritarian regimes between 1990 and 2021, finding that oil and gas income leads to higher emissions, but that these effects decline significantly with executive constraints.
Using System‐Inspired Metrics to Improve Water Quality Prediction in Stratified Lakes
Authors: Kurucz Kamilla , Carey Cayelan C. , Huang Peisheng , De Sousa Eduardo R. , White Jeremy T. , Hipsey Matthew R.
Published: August 2024

Despite the growing use of Aquatic Ecosystem Models for lake modeling, there is currently no widely applicable framework for their configuration, calibration, and evaluation. Calibration is generally based on direct data comparison of observed versus modeled state variables using standard statistical techniques, however, this approach may not give a complete picture of the model's ability to capture system‐scale behavior that is not easily perceivable in observations, but which may be important for resource management. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of “naïve” calibration and a “system‐inspired” calibration, an approach that augments the standard state‐based calibration with a range of system‐inspired metrics (e.g., thermocline depth, metalimnetic oxygen minima), to increase the coherence between the simulated and natural ecosystems. A coupled physical‐biogeochemical model was applied to a focal site to simulate two key state‐variables: water temperature and dissolved oxygen. The model was calibrated according to the new system‐inspired modeling convention, using formal calibration techniques. There was an improvement in the simulation using parameters optimized on the additional metrics, which helped to reduce uncertainty predicting aspects of the system relevant to reservoir management, such as the occurrence of the metalimnetic oxygen minima. Extending the use of system‐inspired metrics when calibrating models has the potential to improve model fidelity for capturing more complex ecosystem dynamics.
Uncovering Historical Reservoir Operation Rules and Patterns: Insights From 452 Large Reservoirs in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Li Donghui , Chen Yanan , Lyu Lingqi , Cai Ximing
Published: August 2024

Reservoir operations are influenced by hydroclimatic variability, reservoir characteristics (i.e., size and purpose), policy regulation, as well as operators' experiences and justification. Data‐driven reservoir operation models based on long‐term historical records shed light on understanding reservoir operation rules and patterns. This study applies generic data‐driven reservoir operation models (GDROMs) developed for 452 data‐rich reservoirs with diversified operation purposes across the CONUS to explore typical operation rules and patterns. We find that the operating policies of any of these reservoirs can be modeled with a small number (1–8) of typical operation modules. The derived modules applied to different conditions of the 452 reservoirs can be categorized into five basic types, that is, constant release, inflow‐driven piecewise constant release, inflow‐driven linear release, storage‐driven piecewise constant release, and storage‐driven nonlinear (or piecewise linear) release. Additionally, a joint‐driven release module, constructed from these five basic types, has been identified. The analysis further shows the module application transition patterns featuring operation dynamics for reservoirs of different operation purposes, sizes, and locations. The typical module types can be used as “Lego” bricks to build operation models, especially for data‐scarce reservoirs. These module types and their application and transition conditions can inform Standard Operation Policy (SOP) and Hedging Policy (HP) with specific inflow, storage, and/or both conditions.
Grounding Zones: The “Inland” Dynamic Interface Between Seawater, Outlet Glaciers, Subglacial Meltwater Routing, and Ice‐Shelf Processes
Authors: Parizek Byron R.
Published: August 2024

Projections of sea‐level rise from ice‐sheet shrinkage in a warming world have large uncertainties, linked to limited knowledge of changes at the ocean‐ice sheet interface. This interface most typically is modeled as a grounding line, across which still‐connected ice flows into the ocean to float as an ice shelf, or where icebergs calve from a cliff before the ice begins to float. But, extensive and rapidly increasing evidence shows that this is really a grounding zone, and that processes in this grounding zone omitted from many models could exert major controls on sea‐level rise.
Short‐Term to Inter‐Annual Variability of the Non‐Migrating Tide DE3 From MIGHTI, SABER, and TIDI: Potential Tropospheric Sources and Ionospheric Impacts
Authors: Dhadly Manbharat , Jones McArthur , Emmert John , Drob Douglas , Budzien Scott , Zawdie Kate , McCormack John
Published: August 2024

Upward propagating waves of lower atmospheric origin play an important role in coupling terrestrial weather with space weather on daily to inter‐annual timescales. Quantifying their short‐term (<30 days) variability is a difficult challenge because simultaneous observations at multiple local times are needed to sample diurnal cycles. This study demonstrates and validates a short‐term estimation method of the DE3 non‐migrating tide at the equator and then applies the technique to three independent data sets: MIGHTI, SABER, and TIDI. We find that daily DE3 estimates from SABER, MIGHTI, and TIDI at equator agree well with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.76 and 0.85. The daily DE3 amplitude variability is typically ∼7 m/s in zonal winds and ∼3 K in temperature. We also find that daily MLT variations and F‐region ionospheric DE3 from COSMIC‐2 Global Ionospheric Specification (GIS) show a correlation of 0.55–0.65, suggesting that not all ionospheric variability can be attributed to the E‐region dynamo; however, increasing correlation with increasing time‐scale suggests that lower atmospheric variability has pronounced impact on the ionosphere on intra‐seasonal scales. We find that the MLT and the F‐region ionosphere exhibit strong coherent intra‐seasonal oscillations (residual amplitudes upto 50%–60%); their coherency with the MJO in 2020 suggests a possible modulation of the upward propagating DE3 tide related to this major tropical tropospheric weather pattern. In addition, we find stratospheric QBO signatures in the MLT DE3 on inter‐annual scales. This study offers fresh observational insights into the pivotal role of tropospheric weather in shaping variability in the coupled thermosphere‐ionosphere system.
Multi‐Satellite Data Assimilation for Large‐Scale Hydrological‐Hydrodynamic Prediction: Proof of Concept in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Wongchuig S. , Paiva R. , Siqueira V. , Papa F. , Fleischmann A. , Biancamaria S. , Paris A. , Parrens M. , Al Bitar A.
Published: August 2024

Satellite remote sensing enhances model predictions by providing insights into terrestrial and hydrological processes. While data assimilation techniques have proven promising, there is a lack of standardized and effective approaches for integrating multiple observations simultaneously. This study presents a novel assimilation framework, the multi‐observation local ensemble‐Kalman‐filter (MoLEnKF), designed to effectively integrate multiple variables, even at scales different than the model. Evaluation of MoLEnKF in the Amazon River basin includes assimilation experiments with remote sensing data only, including water surface elevation (WSE), terrestrial water storage (TWS), flood extent (FE), and soil moisture (SM). MoLEnKF demonstrates improvements in a scenario where regions lack in‐situ hydroclimatic records and when assuming uncertainties of large‐scale hydrologic‐hydrodynamic models. Assimilating WSE outperforms daily discharge and water‐level estimations, achieving 38% and 36% error reduction, respectively. However, the monthly evapotranspiration estimate achieves the greatest error reduction by assimilating SM with 11%. MoLEnKF always remains in second position in a ranking of error and uncertainty reduction, providing an intermediate condition, being able to holistically outperform univariate experiments. MoLEnKF also outperform state‐of‐the‐art models in many cases. This study suggests potential improvements, urging exploration of correlations between assimilated variables and adaptive localization methods based on seasonality. The flexibility and the elegant way of expressing the LEnKF equations by MoLEnKF facilitates their application with different types of variables, compatible with large‐scale hydrologic‐hydrodynamic models and missions such as SWOT. Its robustness ensures easy replicability worldwide, facilitating hydrological reanalysis and improved forecasting, establishing MoLEnKF as a valuable tool for the scientific community in hydrological research.
The survival and clinical performance of anterior composite resin restorations and posterior indirect and cast restorations used to treat generalised tooth wear
Authors: Shah Sachin , Hemmings Kenneth , Gulamali Akil , Petrie Aviva , Malik Junaid Saleem
Published: August 2024

Objective To evaluate the survival and clinical performance of restorative materials used in the rehabilitation of generalised severe tooth wear within a UK NHS postgraduate teaching hospital.

Methods The clinical performance of 527 restorations on 20 patients with generalised severe tooth wear was reviewed after a mean period of five years. Anterior teeth were restored with direct composite resin and posterior teeth with indirect restorations. The study used the modified United States Public Health Service criteria for restoration assessment. Survival of the restorations was analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results The sample included 20 participants: 13 men and 7 women, with a median age of 51.8 years (range: 33-73 years). The median survival time for all restorations was 11.3 years when major failures were considered and 5.9 years for restorations when all types of failure were considered. A median survival time of 5.9 years for composite resin restorations and over seven years for cast restorations was found when considering all failures. Composite resin restorations commonly failed as a result of fracture, wear and marginal discolouration. Factors significantly influencing restoration survival were the material used, aetiology, incisal relationship and tooth location. The biological complications associated with this treatment regime were rare. Patient satisfaction remained generally high, with greatest dissatisfaction related to treatment time.

Conclusions The use of anterior composite resin with posterior indirect restorations to treat generalised severe tooth wear is a viable treatment modality with very few major complications.
Untangling the role of RhoA in the heart: protective effect and mechanism
Authors: Miyamoto Shigeki
Published: August 2024

RhoA (ras homolog family member A) is a small G-protein that transduces intracellular signaling to regulate a broad range of cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, migration, and survival. RhoA serves as a proximal downstream effector of numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is also responsive to various stresses in the heart. Upon its activation, RhoA engages multiple downstream signaling pathways. Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) is the first discovered and best characterized effector or RhoA, playing a major role in cytoskeletal arrangement. Many other RhoA effectors have been identified, including myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), Yes-associated Protein (YAP) and phospholipase Cε (PLCε) to regulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. The role of RhoA signaling in the heart has been increasingly studied in last decades. It was initially suggested that RhoA signaling pathway is maladaptive in the heart, but more recent studies using cardiac-specific expression or deletion of RhoA have revealed that RhoA activation provides cardioprotection against stress through various mechanisms including the novel role of RhoA in mitochondrial quality control. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of RhoA in the heart and its signaling pathways to prevent progression of heart disease.
DDX5 deficiency drives non-canonical NF-κB activation and NRF2 expression, influencing sorafenib response and hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Li Zhili , Kim Woojun , Utturkar Sagar , Yan Bingyu , Lanman Nadia Atallah , Elzey Bennett D. , Kazemian Majid , Yeo Yoon , Andrisani Ourania
Published: August 2024

In advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), RNA helicase DDX5 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin-ferroptosis axis, influencing the efficacy of the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (mTKI) sorafenib. DDX5 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling, preventing sorafenib-induced ferroptosis escape. Sorafenib/mTKIs reduce DDX5 expression, correlating with poor patient survival post-sorafenib treatment. Notably, DDX5-knockout in HCC cells activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling persistently. Herein, we investigate the mechanistic impact of Wnt/β-catenin activation resulting from DDX5 downregulation in the progression and treatment of HCC. RNAseq analyses identified shared genes repressed by DDX5 and upregulated by sorafenib, including Wnt signaling genes, NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) essential for non-canonical NF-κB (p52/RelB) activation, and cytoprotective transcription factor NRF2. We demonstrate, Wnt/β-catenin activation induced NIK transcription, leading to non-canonical NF-κB activation, which subsequently mediated NRF2 transcription. Additionally, DDX5 deficiency extended NRF2 protein half-life by inactivating KEAP1 through p62/SQSTM1 stabilization. In a preclinical HCC mouse model, NRF2 knockdown or DDX5 overexpression restricted tumor growth upon sorafenib treatment, via induction of ferroptosis. Importantly, DDX5-knockout HCC cells exhibited elevated expression of Wnt signaling genes, NIK, p52/RelB, and NRF2-regulated genes, regardless of sorafenib treatment. Transcriptomic analyses of HCCs from TCGA and the Stelic Animal Model (STAM) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis revealed elevated expression of these interconnected pathways in the context of DDX5 downregulation. In conclusion, DDX5 deficiency triggers Wnt/β-catenin signaling, promoting p52/RelB and NRF2 activation, thereby enabling ferroptosis evasion upon sorafenib treatment. Similarly, independent of sorafenib, DDX5 deficiency in liver tumors enhances activation and gene expression of these interconnected pathways, underscoring the clinical relevance of DDX5 deficiency in HCC progression and therapeutic response.
DEAD-box ATPase Dbp2 is the key enzyme in an mRNP assembly checkpoint at the 3’-end of genes and involved in the recycling of cleavage factors
Authors: Aydin Ebru , Schreiner Silke , Böhme Jacqueline , Keil Birte , Weber Jan , Žunar Bojan , Glatter Timo , Kilchert Cornelia
Published: August 2024

mRNA biogenesis in the eukaryotic nucleus is a highly complex process. The numerous RNA processing steps are tightly coordinated to ensure that only fully processed transcripts are released from chromatin for export from the nucleus. Here, we present the hypothesis that fission yeast Dbp2, a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) remodelling ATPase of the DEAD-box family, is the key enzyme in an RNP assembly checkpoint at the 3’-end of genes. We show that Dbp2 interacts with the cleavage and polyadenylation complex (CPAC) and localises to cleavage bodies, which are enriched for 3’-end processing factors and proteins involved in nuclear RNA surveillance. Upon loss of Dbp2, 3’-processed, polyadenylated RNAs accumulate on chromatin and in cleavage bodies, and CPAC components are depleted from the soluble pool. Under these conditions, cells display an increased likelihood to skip polyadenylation sites and a delayed transcription termination, suggesting that levels of free CPAC components are insufficient to maintain normal levels of 3’-end processing. Our data support a model in which Dbp2 is the active component of an mRNP remodelling checkpoint that licenses RNA export and is coupled to CPAC release.
Alpha sensory stimulation modulates theta phase during speech-print associative learning
Authors: Liao Zhijun , Ao Xiya , Sun Yulu , Zhang Manli , Meng Xiangzhi
Published: August 2024

Applying 10 Hz (α-rate) sensory stimulation, not 5 Hz (θ-rate), prior to introducing novel speech-print pairs can reset the phase of θ oscillations and enhance associative learning. This rapid gain indicates coordinated mechanisms to regulate attentional/cognitive resources (α oscillations) and facilitate memory storage (θ oscillations) early in learning. The present findings may inform educational practices for children with reading difficulties.
Selenium nanoparticle inclusion in broiler diets for enhancing sustainable production and health
Authors: Elkhateeb Fatma S. O. , Ghazalah Abdallah A. , Lohakare Jayant , Abdel-Wareth Ahmed A. A.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of nanoparticles of Selenium (Nano-Se) on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass criteria, selenium retention, blood biochemistry, and histopathological examination of broiler chicken. A total of 192 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment diets, with each diet given to six replicates of eight chicks. The birds were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, each of which included Nano-Se at levels of 0, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.4 mg/kg. The feeding experiment lasted 35 days. Nano-Se addition to broiler diets at 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg enhanced body weight and body weight gain linearly compared to the control diet and 0.4 mg/kg. The apparent digestibility coefficient of ether extracts linearly increased with increasing Nano-Se levels up to 0.4 mg/kg. Increasing Nano-Se decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase, and creatinine in broiler chickens. Also, serum antioxidants showed a significant increase with increasing Nano-Se levels. As Nano-Se levels were supplemented, improvements in cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and antioxidants were observed as compared to the control. Additionally, a noticeable improvement in meat quality was observed regarding the obtained meat characters. It was preferred to use low doses of Nano-Se (0.3 mg/kg), as tissue retention of Se for both meat and liver was more comparable to the control. In conclusion, nutritional supplementation with Nano-Se increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility, selenium retention, meat quality, blood biochemistry, histological indices, and antioxidant activity of broiler chickens. Overall, the best performance of broilers was observed with Nano-Se supplementation at 0.3 mg/kg, highlighting its potential as a novel supplement for broiler diets.
Trajectory optimization of UAV-IRS assisted 6G THz network using deep reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Saleh Amany M. , Omar Shereen S. , Abd El-Haleem Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim I. , Abdelhakam Mostafa M.
Published: August 2024

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication is a promising technology that will enable ultra-high data rates, and very low latency for future wireless communications. Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRS) aiding Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are two essential technologies that play a pivotal role in balancing the demands of Sixth-Generation (6G) wireless networks. In practical scenarios, mission completion time and energy consumption serve as crucial benchmarks for assessing the efficiency of UAV-IRS enabled THz communication. Achieving swift mission completion requires UAV-IRS to fly at maximum speed above the ground users it serves. However, this results in higher energy consumption. To address the challenge, this paper studies UAV-IRS trajectory planning problems in THz networks. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem aiming to minimize UAVs-IRS mission completion time by optimizing the UAV-IRS trajectory, considering the energy consumption constraint for UAVs-IRS. The proposed optimization algorithm, with low complexity, is well-suited for applications in THz communication networks. This problem is a non-convex, optimization problem that is NP-hard and presents challenges for conventional optimization techniques. To overcome this, we proposed a Deep Q-Network (DQN) reinforcement learning algorithm to enhance performance. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves performance compared to benchmark schemes.
Modular control of vertebrate axis segmentation in time and space
Authors: Seleit Ali , Brettell Ian , Fitzgerald Tomas , Vibe Carina , Loosli Felix , Wittbrodt Joachim , Naruse Kiyoshi , Birney Ewan , Aulehla Alexander
Published: August 2024

How the timing of development is linked to organismal size is a longstanding question. Although numerous studies have reported a correlation of temporal and spatial traits, the developmental or selective constraints underlying this link remain largely unexplored. We address this question by studying the periodic process of embryonic axis segmentation in-vivo in Oryzias fish. Interspecies comparisons reveal that the timing of segmentation correlates to segment, tissue and organismal size. Segment size in turn scales according to tissue and organism size. To probe for underlying causes, we genetically hybridised two closely related species. Quantitative analysis in ~600 phenotypically diverse F2 embryos reveals a decoupling of timing from size control, while spatial scaling is preserved. Using developmental quantitative trait loci (devQTL) mapping we identify distinct genetic loci linked to either the control of segmentation timing or tissue size. This study demonstrates that a developmental constraint mechanism underlies spatial scaling of axis segmentation, while its spatial and temporal control are dissociable modules.
Interactome of the HIV-1 proteome and human host RNA
Authors: Schynkel Tinus , Snippenberg Willem van , Verniers Kimberly , Jang Gwendolyn M , Krogan Nevan J , Mestdagh Pieter , Vandekerckhove Linos , Trypsteen Wim
Published: August 2024

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is highly dependent on a variety of host factors. Beside proteins, host RNA molecules are reported to aid HIV-1 replication and latency maintenance. Here, we implement multiple workflows of native RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (nRIPseq) to determine direct host RNA interaction partners of all 18 HIV-1 (poly)proteins. We identify 1,727 HIV-1 protein – human RNA interactions in the Jurkat cell line and 1,558 interactions in SupT1 cells for a subset of proteins, and discover distinct cellular pathways that seem to be used or controlled by HIV-1 on the RNA level: Tat binds mRNAs of proteins involved in the super elongation complex (AFF1-4, Cyclin-T1). Correlation of the interaction scores (based on binding abundancy) allows identifying the highest confidence interactions, for which we perform a small-scale knockdown screen that leads to the identification of three HIV-1 protein binding RNA interactors involved in HIV-1 replication (AFF2, H4C9 and RPLP0).
Copper-catalyzed C(sp3)–H alkylation of fluorene with primary and secondary alcohols using a borrowing hydrogen method
Authors: Saha Ratnakar , Maharana Suraj Kumar , Jana Narayan Ch. , Bagh Bidraha
Published: August 2024

Despite the limited success of copper-catalyzed alkylations, (NNS)CuCl proved to be an effective catalyst for the sp3 C–H alkylation of fluorene with alcohols.
Pathways of cluster growth: infra-red multi-photon dissociation spectroscopy of a series of Re–Si clusters, [ReSin]+, n = 3–9
Authors: Singh Roshan , Claes PieterJan , Fielicke André , Janssens Ewald , Lievens Peter , McGrady John E.
Published: August 2024

Infra-red multi-photon dissociation (IR-MPD) spectroscopy has been used to characterise the family of Re/Si clusters, [ReSi3–9]+. DFT is used to assign the spectra and also as a basis for a comparison with the lighter group 7 analogues, [MnSin]+.
Role of biofuels, electro-fuels, and blue fuels for shipping: environmental and economic life cycle considerations
Authors: Kanchiralla Fayas Malik , Brynolf Selma , Mjelde Alvar
Published: August 2024

This study analyses different decarbonization strategies for shipping including uptake of e-fuels, blue fuels and biofuels, battery electric propulsion and onboard carbon capture technology from a life cycle perspective.
Advances in recycling of waste vulcanized rubber products via different sustainable approaches
Authors: Kumar Amit , Dhanorkar Ritesh J. , Mohanty Subhra , Gupta Virendra Kumar
Published: August 2024

The recycling of waste vulcanized rubber (WVR) products is highly challenging due to the presence of a three-dimensional (3D) sulfur crosslinked network hindering the natural degradation process.
Synthetic modification of protein surfaces to mediate induced-proximity pharmacology
Authors: Jones Lyn H.
Published: August 2024

Ligand-directed site-specific covalent modification of protein surfaces will advance synthetic re-wiring of biological pathways.
Synthesis of a celastrol derivative as a cancer stem cell inhibitor through regulation of the STAT3 pathway for treatment of ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Meijuan , Li Na , Wang Zhaoxue , Wang Shuo , Ren Shaoda , Li Xiaojing
Published: August 2024

A synthetic celastrol derivative (Cel-N) attenuates cancer cell stemness, inhibits the STAT3 pathway, and exerts anti-ovarian cancer effects in cell and mouse models.
Ferroelectric, flexoelectric and photothermal coupling in PVDF-based composites for flexible photoelectric sensors
Authors: Wang Lu , Boda Muzaffar Ahmad , Chen Chen , He Xiang , Yi Zhiguo
Published: August 2024

Through ferroelectric, flexoelectric and photothermal coupling, the prepared flexible PVDF/BZTM–BCT:Au composite film presents an obvious photovoltaic response to visible light, showing versatility in sensing photons, deformation and movement.
Well-balanced performance achieved in PZT piezoceramics via a multiscale regulation strategy
Authors: Xiao Wei , Chen Zhengran , Liu Xiaowei , Zhou Zhiyong , Fu Zhengqian , Tang Yizheng , Liang Ruihong
Published: August 2024

Here, a multiscale regulation strategy is proposed to simultaneously improve both Qm and d33 in PZT piezoelectric ceramics. The obtained piezoelectric materials exhibit promising potential for high-power piezoelectric applications.
Ball milling assisted mechano-catalytic dye degradation using SrTiO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Shukla Aman , Gaur Akshay , Dubey Shivam , Vaish Rahul
Published: August 2024

Ball milling, traditionally employed for the synthesis of nanomaterials, have now been utilized as a direct driver for catalysis due to its capability for surface charge separation.
Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of azo dyes
Authors: Zhang Lin , Song Qinglang , Wang Yanxian , Chen Rui , Xia Yu , Wang Bin , Jin Weiwei , Wu Shaofeng , Chen Ziren , Iqbal Azhar , Liu Chenjiang , Zhang Yonghong
Published: August 2024

Mechanochemical synthesis of azo dyes with aryltriazenes and phenolic compounds under catalyst-, promoter- and solvent-free conditions was developed.
Correction: The ‘emodin family’ of fungal natural products–amalgamating a century of research with recent genomics-based advances
Authors: de Mattos-Shipley Kate M. J. , Simpson Thomas J.
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘The ‘emodin family’ of fungal natural products–amalgamating a century of research with recent genomics-based advances’ by Kate M. J. de Mattos-Shipley et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2023, 40, 174–201, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NP00040G.
Understanding vapor phase growth of hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Sutorius Anja , Weißing René , Rindtorff Pèrez Carina , Fischer Thomas , Hartl Fabian , Basu Nilanjan , Shin Hyeon Suk , Mathur Sanjay
Published: August 2024

High-quality grown hexagonal boron nitride by chemical vapor deposition using ammonia borane and borazine on (non-)catalytic substrates.
Syntheses of deuterium-labeled dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) isotopologues and mechanistic studies focused on elucidating the conversion of DHAA to artemisinin
Authors: Varela Kaitlyn , Yoshimoto Francis K.
Published: August 2024

Artemisia annua is a plant that produces dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA), which undergoes a reaction with two molecules of O2 to yield artemisinin, an endoperoxide-containing sesquiterpenoid used to treat malaria.
Side-chain modification of π-stacked helical poly(quinoline-2,3-diylmethylene) via thiol–ene reaction
Authors: Kanbayashi Naoya , Odagaki Sora , Onitsuka Kiyotaka
Published: August 2024

The study introduces a novel method to modify side-chain substituents of poly(quinoline-2,3-diylmethylene) (PQM), improving solubility and stability while maintaining the π-stacked helical structure. The method broadens PQM's application potential.
Dopant-mediated carrier tunneling in short-channel two-dimensional transistors
Authors: Lu Yue , Li Chenyu , Yang Shenbo , Yuan Mingxuan , Qiao Shuo , Ji Qingqing
Published: August 2024

Electronic effects of dopant atoms in short-channel 2D transistors have been unraveled by quantum transport simulation, featuring channel length-dependent functionalities of assisted tunneling and charge scattering.
Catalytic hydrolysis of methyl mercaptan and methyl thioether on hydroxyl-modified ZrO2: a density functional theory study
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Song Xin
Published: August 2024

The purification and removal of organic sulfur from natural gas is conducive to increasing the added value of natural gas and reducing environmental pollution.
Exploring the structural, mechanical, electronic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of caesium based ABX3 perovskite CsOsX3 (X: Cl, Br)
Authors: Gautam Sakshi , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: August 2024

Here, we have investigated properties of caesium based halide perovskites with the help of density functional theory.
Correction: A ternary system of meloxicam with matching hydrophilic polymer and cyclodextrin for improved stability in liquid preprations
Authors: Li Si , Kou Longfa , Qin Yimeng , Wang Yimeng , Sun Yinghua , He Zhonggui , Liu Xiaohong
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘A ternary system of meloxicam with matching hydrophilic polymer and cyclodextrin for improved stability in liquid preprations’ by Si Li et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 21260–21268, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA02811B.
Fusion of two homoleptic truncated tetrahedra into a heteroleptic truncated octahedron
Authors: Liu Haifei , Guo Chenxing , Huang Yujuan , Zhou Zilin , Jian Shijin , Zhang Zeyuan , Hou Yali , Mu Chaoqun , Zhang Mingming
Published: August 2024

We successfully synthesized a neutral tetrahedron and explored its fusion with another cationic tetrahedron to form a new octahedron.
(η8-Cyclooctatetraene)(η5-fluorenyl)titanium: a processable molecular spin qubit with optimized control of the molecule–substrate interface
Authors: Wisbeck Sarita , Sorrentino Andrea Luigi , Santana Francielli S. , de Camargo Luana C. , Ribeiro Ronny R. , Salvadori Enrico , Chiesa Mario , Giaconi Niccolò , Caneschi Andrea , Mannini Matteo , Poggini Lorenzo , Briganti Matteo , Serrano Giulia , Soares Jaísa F. , Sessoli Roberta
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive investigation shows that the replacement of a cyclopentadienyl ligand with fluorenyl increases the adsorption energy of the [FluTi(cot)] spin-qubit candidate on Au(111) without loss of spin density toward the surface.
Slightly Li-enriched chemistry enabling super stable LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathodes under extreme conditions
Authors: Chen Siqi , Zhang Ping , Zhou Xin , Wu Wenbin , Liu Xiaohong , Liu Yifeng , Feng Guilin , Zhang Bin , Xing Wangyan , Zuo Meihua , Zhang Ping , Lv Genpin , Xiao Yao , Dou Shixue , Xiang Wei
Published: August 2024

Hetero-epitaxially grown Li2WO4 surface induced slightly Li-enriched chemistry was adopted to boost the stability of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 under extreme conditions.
Unlocking the potential: strategic synthesis of a previously predicted pyrazolate-based stable MOF with unique clusters and high catalytic activity
Authors: Li Xiang-Yu , Zhao Yan-Long , Chen Su-Nan , Wang Kecheng , Wang Shengjun , Xie Lin-Hua , Li Jian-Rong
Published: August 2024

By a two-step synthesis strategy, a previously predicted MOF was experimentally constructed, which shows excellent stability in strong basic aqueous solutions and high catalytic performance in oxygen evolution reactions.
Anomalous relaxation of coarsening foams with viscoelastic continuous phases
Authors: Guidolin Chiara , Rio Emmanuelle , Cerbino Roberto , Salonen Anniina , Giavazzi Fabio
Published: August 2024

We use differential dynamic microscopy to probe the structural relaxation of coarsening foams with rheologically tunable continuous phases. We show that stiffer matrices yield more compressed exponential relaxations and lower relaxation rates.
High lithiophilicity and Li diffusion rate on 1T phase transition metal dichalcogenides as effective Li regulating materials for dendrite-free metal anodes
Authors: Wong Hoilun , Hossain Md Delowar , Xu Mengyang , Cai Yuting , Tamtaji Mohsen , Zhang Kenan , Luo Zhengtang
Published: August 2024

This study reports the role of 1T VS2 in both suppressing Li dendrite growth and shuttling issue of lithium polysulfides, realizing the practical use of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Promoting electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction by introducing low-spin sites in ferromagnetic single-atom alloys
Authors: Ren Yiming , Bai Peiyao , Wang Hongguang , Wei Shilin , Xu Lang
Published: August 2024

In ferromagnetic single-atom alloys, the average electron spin moment P of dopants, a new descriptor, has volcano relationships with the e-NRR theoretical activity and selectivity.