bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A series of isostructural metal–organic frameworks for an enhanced electro-catalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Jhariat Pampa , Kareem Abdul , Kumari Priyanka , Sarfudeen Shafeeq , Panda Premchand , Senthilkumar Sellappan , Panda Tamas
Published: March 2024

Three new isostructural MOFs (ZnTIA, CoTIA and CdTIA) were synthesized by solvothermal method for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.
Reversible open–closed conformational switching of nano-size metalloporphyrin dimers triggered by light and temperature
Authors: Shah Syed Jehanger , Singh Ajitesh , Goswami Debabrata , Ishida Masatoshi , Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: March 2024

Substantial molecular motion of ‘nano-size’ molecules controlled by light or heat has been demonstrated in which two structural isomers reversibly ‘open’ and ‘close’ their cavities.
Tryptophan metabolites relieve intestinal Candida albicans infection by altering the gut microbiota to reduce IL-22 release from group 3 innate lymphoid cells of the colon lamina propria
Authors: Peng Ziyao , Zhang Jiali , Zhang Meng , Yin Liping , Zhou Ziyang , Lv Cuiting , Wang Zetian , Tang Jianguo
Published: March 2024

Invasive candidiasis may be caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonization of the intestinal tract.
Advances in lipid nanoparticle mRNA therapeutics beyond COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Wu Yeung , Yu Sinuo , de Lázaro Irene
Published: March 2024

This review highlights the latest advances in lipid nanoparticle mRNA based nanomedicines under preclinical and clinical investigation.
A dendrite-free Zn anode enabled by PEDOT:PSS/MoS2 electrokinetic channels for aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Hai , Zhao Qin , Li Weimin , Watanabe Shun , Wang Xiaobo
Published: March 2024

An illustration diagram of the dendrite-inhibition mechanism of a PEPM interface.
Pd(ii)-catalyzed cascade annulation of N-substituted anilines with CO, NH4OAc and aldehydes to N1-substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Pang Qiuyang , Liu Dan , Guo Zhenhua , Zhang Guisheng
Published: March 2024

N1-substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones have been synthesized via Pd-catalyzed annulation of N-substituted anilines with CO, NH4OAc and aldehydes, and the reaction features simple raw materials, high step economy, and good product diversity.
Expression of Concern: Conjugation of substituted naphthalimides to polyamines as cytotoxic agents targeting the Akt/mTOR signal pathway
Authors: Tian Zhi-Yong , Xie Song-Qiang , Mei Zi-Hou , Zhao Jin , Gao Wen-Yuan , Wang Chao-Jie
Published: March 2024

Expression of Concern for ‘Conjugation of substituted naphthalimides to polyamines as cytotoxic agents targeting the Akt/mTOR signal pathway’ by Zhi-Yong Tian et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2009, 7, 4651–4660, https://doi.org/10.1039/B912685F.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for characterization of filtrates of blood serum samples from patients with tuberculosis obtained by 50 kDa filtration devices
Authors: Kamran Ali , Naman Abdul , Majeed Muhammad Irfan , Nawaz Haq , Alwadie Najah , Huda Noor ul , Habiba Umm-e- , Tabussam Tania , Bano Aqsa , Hajab Hawa , Razaq Rabeea , Ashraf Ayesha , Aziz Saima , Asghar Maria , Imran Muhammad
Published: March 2024

SERS analysis of filtrate portions of blood serum samples of tuberculosis patients obtained by centrifugal filtration utilizing 50 kDa devices.
Preparation of Co–Ni–Ce/TiC alloy coatings by double-pulse under a sulfamic acid system and a process mechanism study
Authors: Li Jidong , Xing Hongxuan , Jin Senhu , Wang Yaowu , Lu Jinlin
Published: March 2024

To enhance the protective ability of copper crystallizers and extend their service life, this study explores the use of double pulse co-deposition under a sulfamic acid system to create protective coatings such as Co–Ni–Ce/TiC.
A near-IR ratiometric fluorescent probe for the precise tracking of senescence: a multidimensional sensing assay of biomarkers in cell senescence pathways
Authors: Liu Haihong , Lv Ruidian , Song Fuxiang , Yang Yaqun , Zhang Fei , Xin Liantao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Qian , Ding Caifeng
Published: March 2024

A NIR fluorescent probe for monitoring senescence was developed with SA-β-gal and HClO as targets under high lysosomal pH conditions. The precise tracking of cellular/in vivo senescence was achieved with a ratiometric sensing pattern.
Electrostatic [FeFe]-hydrogenase–carbon nitride assemblies for efficient solar hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Yongpeng , Pulignani Carolina , Webb Sophie , Cobb Samuel J. , Rodríguez-Jiménez Santiago , Kim Dongseok , Milton Ross D. , Reisner Erwin
Published: March 2024

Solar hydrogen production has been established by interfacing cyanamide modified graphitic carbon nitride (NCNCNX) with [FeFe]-hydrogenase via electrostatic interaction. QCM, PEIS, IMVS, and TPC reveal the importance of specific interaction.
POSS/PVTMS aerogels for passive cooling and THz communication via cross-linking density regulation and nanoscale bimodal design
Authors: Ma Haoyu , Fashandi Maryam , Ben Rejeb Zeineb , Buahom Piyapong , Zhao Jianxiang , Gong Pengjian , Shi Qiwu , Li Guangxian , Park Chul B.
Published: March 2024

POSS@PVTMS aerogels with bimodal nano-sized cavities for highly efficient passive cooling (ΔT = 3.7 °C) and high-frequency THz communication (average transmission rate 88.7%).
Multi-electron bipolar-type organic molecules for high-capacity dual-ion zinc batteries
Authors: Hu Chengmin , Yang Xiaozhe , Liu Pingxuan , Song Ziyang , Lv Yaokang , Miao Ling , Liu Mingxian , Gan Lihua
Published: March 2024

An organic indanthrone molecule realizes alternate Zn2+/CF3SO3− ion storage involving multi-electron transfer at bipolar-type redox-active centers, providing high capacity, high-voltage durability and high energy density for dual-ion Zn batteries.
Double crosslinking decellularized bovine pericardium of dialdehyde chondroitin sulfate and zwitterionic copolymer for bioprosthetic heart valves with enhanced antithrombogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification properties
Authors: Shi Shubin , Hu Mengyue , Peng Xu , Cheng Can , Feng Shaoxiong , Pu Xinyun , Yu Xixun
Published: March 2024

Schematic diagram of the preparation process of P(APM/MPC)-OCS-BP and the function model of P(APM/MPC)-OCS-BP with anti-coagulation, anti-calcification, and anti-inflammatory properties and a high capacity to promote endothelial proliferation.
Integrated Renewable Energy-Based Wastewater Management System: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: K Mahesh Kumar , S.R Sri Akaash , S.R Sree Adithya , S.R Sri Rakshaga
Published: March 2024

The escalating global demand for water and the increasing need for sustainable wastewater treatment systems have spurred innovative approaches. This paper proposes an integrated renewable energy-based wastewater management system that harnesses solar and wind energy to power the treatment process. Renewable energy sources are aimed at reducing wastewater treatment's environmental impact while promoting energy efficiency. This study outlines the methodology, presents results, and discusses the implications of the proposed system.
Sustainable Supplier Selection in the Manufacturing Sector Using Integrated MCDM Techniques
Authors: George Josy , Balaguru S.
Published: March 2024

Selecting a supplier is a crucial task for any manufacturing company aiming to optimize its supply chain operations and gain a competitive advantage. The complexities of this decision-making process, influenced by various criteria and uncertainties, underscore the need for advanced methodologies such as Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques. These methodologies provide a structured framework for evaluating and prioritizing potential suppliers based on numerous criteria, often with conflicting considerations. This paper demonstrates the integration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) through a practical example involving ten different alternatives and four distinct criteria. The alternatives are assessed and ranked for performance, utilizing systematic and objective approaches to address the inherent multi-criteria complexity of supplier selection. The strength of MCDM lies in its capability to handle both quantitative and qualitative factors, supported by decision support tools, making it a valuable asset for improving the supplier selection process.
Hybrid solar and wind power generation with grid interconnection system
Authors: singh Shivam , Mahaney Sudeep
Published: March 2024

For India's modernization and urbanization, the need for energy is increasing extremely quickly. Because they are abundant in nature, renewable energy sources might be viewed as more advantageous than traditional ones. Both solar and wind energy are abundant and may be regarded as reliable sources of energy production. For the modernization of isolated areas and the electrification of rural areas, hybrid solar and wind energy systems can be deployed. This work does simulation of a hybrid solar and wind power system that is linked to the grid. For this study, a simulated model is utilized to determine the sag, swell, source voltage, source current. Solar-generated dc electricity is transformed into ac power using a universal converter. The benefit of using universal inverter is used to raise the system's overall power quality and get the Uninterruptible power supplies.
Enhancement of Low-Frequency Noise for Muffler by Optimizing the Space between Three 1-Degrees of Freedom Helmholtz Resonator
Authors: Jatola Ravi , Gupta Amit Kumar
Published: March 2024

The Helmholtz resonator is one of the basic elements to attenuate low-frequency noise and increase sound transmission loss in a muffler for particular low frequency zone. It can be enhancing the performance without any change in the geometry of the muffler. It can greatly reduce the high-intensity noise in low-frequency zones. A comparative study has been carried out by implementing the two and three resonators arranged in series arrangement at optimum spacing for increasing transmission loss. The model of Helmholtz resonator at wavelength 1000 mm at different spacing like (closely spaced: -(4), 1stantinode: -(4) and 1st node: -(2) ) were prepared by using wave build 3-D and simulating above condition on wave 1-D module. This work is also validated by simulating the same geometry on Comsol tool for the mentioned spacing. This attempt gives a comparative study about perfect spacing during use of more than one resonator in a series. The neck and cavity ratio are taken as 2 and 1.85 respectively for the modelling of an identical resonator. The Conclusion shows that, at (4) resonator gives the maximum attenuation at 340 Hz cut-off frequency in low-frequency zone.
Design of Hybrid Sprinkler: The IOT-Powered Robot for Watering Plants
Authors: KA Jayasheel Kumar , Akhtar Mannaan , Talha C. Mohammed , VG Gokul
Published: March 2024

Innovative methods for watering plants have been developed as a result of the growing demand for efficient and automated systems in agriculture. The design of a hybrid sprinkler, an IoT-powered robot created specifically for effective and precise plant irrigation, is presented in this study. The suggested system enables autonomous operation and intelligent control by fusing the benefits of conventional sprinklers with those of IoT technology. To continuously monitor the environmental conditions, the hybrid sprinkler integrates a variety of sensors, including soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors. A central control unit receives this real-time data and uses sophisticated algorithms to establish the best watering schedule for each plant depending on its individual needs. The hybrid sprinkler's design prioritizes sustainability and energy economy. The robot has a rechargeable battery system, and to increase battery life, it uses energy-saving features like sleep modes and sophisticated power management. In a variety of agricultural and horticultural applications, this system assures optimal watering practises, conserves resources, and fosters healthy plant growth by fusing IoT technology, cutting-edge sensors, precision spraying mechanisms, and remote control capabilities.
Spracherwerb und digitale Medien: Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Elstrodt-Wefing Nadine , Neitzel Isabel , Ritterfeld Ute
Published: March 2024

Für die sprachförderliche Wirkung von digitalen Medien ist ein Zusammenspiel von Medienformat, Inhalten und Nutzungsverhalten nötig. Zur Bewertung des Sprachförderpotenzials digitaler Medien werden zunächst fünf Kriterien elaboriert, die dann durch Erkenntnisse zum Nutzungsverhalten von Vorschul- und Grundschulkindern ergänzt werden.
Rehospitalization following Discharge from Newborn Nursery during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic
Authors: Ronca Kristen , Vazquez Laura , Bathory Eleanor , Nafday Suhas
Published: March 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare rehospitalization rates, diagnoses, and well-baby nursery (WBN) length of stay (LOS) among rehospitalized infants born during the COVID-19 pandemic to those born prior.

Study Design A retrospective comparison of 215 infants rehospitalized from March 1, 2019, to March 1, 2021, was performed in an urban academic center. Rates of readmission were determined for all infants using an unadjusted odds ratio. Among infants rehospitalized at ≤30 and ≤7 days, key cohort characteristics were analyzed using chi-square analysis, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and nonparametric testing as applicable. Differences in readmission diagnoses determined by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code and chart review were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression comparing infants born during the pandemic to the year prior.

Results Pandemic infants had a 51% increased odds of rehospitalization ≤7 days of discharge from WBN compared with prepandemic infants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–2.09). Rehospitalized infants born during the pandemic had shorter WBN LOS; infants rehospitalized ≤30 days had LOS of 54.3 ± 18.6 versus 59.6 ± 16.2 hours (p = 0.02) and infants rehospitalized ≤7 days had LOS of 53.8 ± 17.8 versus 60.8 ±17.0 hours (p = 0.02). The pandemic group of infants had a 3.5 increased odds of being readmitted for hyperbilirubinemia compared with other diagnoses after adjusting for biological sex, ethnicity, percent weight lost at time of discharge, gestational age, and mode of delivery (CI 1.9, 6.4).

Conclusion Rehospitalization ≤7 days post-WBN discharge was more common in infants born during the pandemic. Infants rehospitalized during the pandemic were more likely to have shorter WBN LOS and to be rehospitalized for hyperbilirubinemia. Retrospective analyses limit conclusions about causation but suggest that being born during the pandemic increased risk of rehospitalization for hyperbilirubinemia among infants in urban, under resourced setting warranting further investigation.

Key Points
Application of the rhodamine derivative LPDQ fluorescent probe for the detection of zinc white in oil paints
Authors: Wang Zhankun , Ren Zhixin , Lv Yuguang
Published: March 2024

By modifying the structure of pyridoxal phosphate, an “on–off” rhodamine fluorescent probe LPDQ with a new structure was synthesized. NMR, IR, and mass spectrometries characterized the structures of the probes. The LPDQ–Zn2+ system had been successfully constructed by the characteristic absorption peaks of the ultraviolet spectrum, and the experiments were carried out to investigate the ion fluorescence selectivity, cell imaging, reversibility, ion concentration, linear range, precision, and accuracy. The LPDQ reached the detection limit of 0.8 × 10−6 mol/l at 1 × 10−5–8.5 × 10−5 mol/l. The content of Zn2+ in the zinc gluconate sample was determined. According to the experimental data, the fluorescent probe LPDQ in this experiment has good performance and can be used to detect Zn2+ in water and oil paintings.
Effects of heterogenous wettability on evaporation from a simulated soil pore: Stick-slip evaporative mode and contact line motion
Authors: Pakkebier Jack , Chakraborty Partha P. , Derby Melanie M.
Published: March 2024

The Ogallala Aquifer, a primary irrigation water source in the High Plains region of the United States, is declining, thereby necessitating new water conservation strategies. This paper investigates the impact of mixed wettability on the evaporation dynamics of a 10-µl sessile water droplet placed within simulated soil pores comprised of hydrophobic Teflon beads (CA ∼ 108°) and hydrophilic glass (CA ∼ 41°) beads with 2.38-mm diameters, where homogeneous and heterogenous (i.e., mixed hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity) wettability configurations were investigated. Experiments were performed in an environmental chamber where the relative humidity and temperature were 60% ± 0.1% RH and 20 ± 0.4 °C, respectively. Wettability influenced evaporation times, with homogeneous hydrophobic pores (i.e., three Teflon beads) and heterogenous one glass, two Teflon pores having the longest average evaporation times of 40 and 39 min, respectively. Homogeneous hydrophilic pores (i.e., three glass beads) and heterogenous two glass, one Teflon pores exhibited evaporation times of 34 min. Evaporation times for heterogenous combinations trended based on the predominant wettability. Contact angles and the projected length of contact were analyzed from videos to capture pinning and depinning during evaporation. For many cases including hydrophobicity, contact angles were less than 90°, and in some configurations, water would be pinned on a Teflon bead, whereas depinning (i.e., moving) on a glass bead. Stick-slip evaporation was observed, where the evaporating droplet switched between constant contact radius and constant contact area evaporative modes to minimize droplet surface energy. The results suggest wettability alterations in agricultural settings may reduce evaporation.
Broadband InBiSe3 alloy photoelectric detector from visible to terahertz
Authors: Chen Hang , Wu Tuntan , Chen Shijie , Zhang Qiyuan , Jiang Lin , Zhou Wei , Gao Yanqing , Yao Niangjuan , Huang Zhiming
Published: March 2024

With the demand for communication, imaging, spectroscopy, and other applications, broadband detection has always been a particularly popular direction. However, the current photodetectors have the problems of relatively narrow response bands, a low sensitivity, a slow response speed, and complex manufacturing processes. In this article, the alloy material InBiSe3 is proposed to manufacture a wideband photodetector from visible to terahertz at room temperature. The noise equivalent power (NEP) of the detector is 1.37 × 10−10 W Hz−1/2 at 635 nm, 1.2 × 10−10 W Hz−1/2 at 808 nm, and 1.56 × 10−10 W Hz−1/2 at 980 nm. The device also exhibits a good response in the terahertz and millimeter-wave bands, with a NEP of 8.33 × 10−15 W Hz−1/2 at 0.023 THz, 7.03 × 10−14 W Hz−1/2 at 0.14 THz, 6.14 × 10−15 W Hz−1/2 at 0.171 THz, 1.91 × 10−14 W Hz−1/2 at 0.35 THz, and 4.04 × 10−14 W Hz−1/2 at 0.5 THz based on the electromagnetic induced potential wells effect. The response time is as fast as 10 µs. Our results demonstrate the promise of the InBiSe3 alloy for photoelectric applications and provide a method for the high performance of broadband photodetectors.
Semiclassical reaction rate constant of non-adiabatic system by means of initial value representation
Authors: Zeng Jia-Xi , Li Xin-Zheng
Published: March 2024

We applied the semiclassical initial value representation (SC-IVR) method with the classical electron analog to deal with electronically non-adiabatic reactive barriers and calculated the thermal reaction rate constant. The symmetric form of the flux–flux correlation function is used, and the matrix element of the Boltzmannized flux operator is derived using imaginary-time path integral techniques. This combined use of non-adiabatic SC-IVR and non-adiabatic path-integral sampling (NA-IVR&PI) is beyond the treatment of mean-field, and we analyze its performance in comparison with some existing mean-field methods for different scenarios of potential energy surface. We found a systematically better performance. One exception is the deep tunneling regime, where the mean-field ring-polymer instanton is superior. In the golden rule limit, where all these mean-field methods break down, the significant advantage of NA-IVR&PI is shown by using the electronic states for description of the dividing surface.
A type I interferon regulatory network for human plasmacytoid dendritic cells based on heparin, membrane-bound and soluble BDCA-2
Authors: Venegas-Solis Francisco , Staliunaite Laura , Rudolph Elisa , Münch Carina Chan-Song , Yu Philipp , Freibert Sven-A. , Maeda Takahiro , Zimmer Christine L. , Möbs Christian , Keller Christian , Kaufmann Andreas , Bauer Stefan
Published: March 2024

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferons (IFNs) after sensing viral/bacterial RNA or DNA by toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 or TLR9, respectively. However, aberrant pDCs activation can cause adverse effects on the host and contributes to the pathogenesis of type I IFN-related autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that heparin interacts with the human pDCs-specific blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA-2) but not with related lectins such as DCIR or dectin-2. Importantly, BDCA-2–heparin interaction depends on heparin sulfation and receptor glycosylation and results in inhibition of TLR9-driven type I IFN production in primary human pDCs and the pDC-like cell line CAL-1. This inhibition is mediated by unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin, as well as endogenous heparin from plasma, suggesting that the local blood environment controls the production of IFN-α in pDCs. Additionally, we identified an activation-dependent soluble form of BDCA-2 (solBDCA-2) in human plasma that functions as heparin antagonist and thereby increases TLR9-driven IFN-α production in pDCs. Of importance, solBDCA-2 levels in the serum were increased in patients with scrub typhus (an acute infectious disease caused by
Orientia tsutsugamushi
) compared to healthy control subjects and correlated with anti-dsDNA antibodies titers. In contrast, solBDCA-2 levels in plasma from patients with bullous pemphigoid or psoriasis were reduced. In summary, this work identifies a regulatory network consisting of heparin, membrane-bound and solBDCA-2 modulating TLR9-driven IFN-α production in pDCs. This insight into pDCs function and regulation may have implications for the treatment of pDCs-related autoimmune diseases.
Unsupervised identification of significant lineages of SARS-CoV-2 through scalable machine learning methods
Authors: Cahuantzi Roberto , Lythgoe Katrina A. , Hall Ian , Pellis Lorenzo , House Thomas
Published: March 2024

Since its emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has diversified into a large number of lineages and caused multiple waves of infection globally. Novel lineages have the potential to spread rapidly and internationally if they have higher intrinsic transmissibility and/or can evade host immune responses, as has been seen with the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern. They can also cause increased mortality and morbidity if they have increased virulence, as was seen for Alpha and Delta. Phylogenetic methods provide the “gold standard” for representing the global diversity of SARS-CoV-2 and to identify newly emerging lineages. However, these methods are computationally expensive, struggle when datasets get too large, and require manual curation to designate new lineages. These challenges provide a motivation to develop complementary methods that can incorporate all of the genetic data available without down-sampling to extract meaningful information rapidly and with minimal curation. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of using algorithmic approaches based on word-statistics to represent whole sequences, bringing speed, scalability, and interpretability to the construction of genetic topologies. While not serving as a substitute for current phylogenetic analyses, the proposed methods can be used as a complementary, and fully automatable, approach to identify and confirm new emerging variants.
H
2
S preconditioning induces long-lived perturbations in O
2
metabolism
Authors: Hanna David A. , Diessl Jutta , Guha Arkajit , Kumar Roshan , Andren Anthony , Lyssiotis Costas , Banerjee Ruma
Published: March 2024

Hydrogen sulfide exposure in moderate doses can induce profound but reversible hypometabolism in mammals. At a cellular level, H
2
S inhibits the electron transport chain (ETC), augments aerobic glycolysis, and glutamine-dependent carbon utilization via reductive carboxylation; however, the durability of these changes is unknown. We report that despite its volatility, H
2
S preconditioning increases
P
50(O2)
, the O
2
pressure for half-maximal cellular respiration, and has pleiotropic effects on oxidative metabolism that persist up to 24 to 48 h later. Notably, cyanide, another complex IV inhibitor, does not induce this type of metabolic memory. Sulfide-mediated prolonged fractional inhibition of complex IV by H
2
S is modulated by sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, which commits sulfide to oxidative catabolism. Since induced hypometabolism can be beneficial in disease settings that involve insufficient or interrupted blood flow, our study has important implications for attenuating reperfusion-induced ischemic injury and/or prolonging the shelf life of biologics like platelets.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with FMI, March 2023
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Saarnio Karri
Published: March 2024

Main text

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Finland, maintained by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol-1 to 500 nmol mol-1.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Switchable metasurface absorber used for enabling reconfigurable power angular spectrum in reverberation chamber
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Zhao Zhenzhen , Liu Binhui , Xue Wei , Chen Xiaoming , Zheng Junhao , Shi Hongyu , Yi Jianjia , Huang Yi
Published: March 2024

The reverberation chamber (RC) provides a fast and repeatable method for over-the-air (OTA) testing of wireless devices. Moreover, the RC-based method can reduce the OTA testing cost to a great extent. But the defect of the RC is also obvious. Compared to a multi-probe anechoic chamber, the channel spatial characteristics in RC are uncontrollable. The device under test in an RC usually sees a statistically isotropic channel and there is a strong impediment to control the channel in RC, which constrains the RC’s OTA applications. In this paper, we propose a method to realize reconfigurable RC enabling arbitrary channel power angular spectrum (PAS) by using a switchable metasurface absorber. Specifically, the unit cell of the metasurface can be switched between the reflection and absorption states by providing different bias voltages. By mounting the switchable metasurface absorber on the RC’s inside walls, the boundary conditions of the RC in the covered area could be switched electronically. Consequently, the channel’s PAS can be controlled by changing the local states of the switchable metasurface absorber. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the switchable metasurface absorber is made and comprehensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the switchable metasurface applied to enable reconfigurable PAS in RC.
First-principles calculation of self-interstitial atom-impurity atom interactions in ferritic steel
Authors: Li Chunhui , Duan Wenhao , Qiang Wenjiang
Published: March 2024

In this study, the interactions between self-interstitial atoms (SIA) and impurity atoms (Cu and P) in the body-centered cubic (bcc)-Fe matrix have been investigated using the first principles approach. The results show that Cu and P atoms are more prone to segregation on perpendicular and parallel surfaces containing dumbbell atoms, respectively. Next, by combining the charge density difference and considering the electronic structure and lattice distortion, the origin of the binding energy of complexes formed between SIA and impurity atoms was discussed. The results show that as the number of impurity atoms increases, the atomic bonds formed by the interactions between the impurity atoms decrease the binding energy between single impurity atoms and the matrix and reduce the strain field around them, resulting in an increase in the stability of the complexes. Comparison with previous experimental results revealed the reasons for the changes in atomic occupancy during the segregation of Cu and P atoms. The results provide insights into the behavior of impurity atoms in irradiated materials and provide a deeper understanding of the electron level of impurity atomization.
Tunable electronic and optical properties of BAs/WTe2 heterostructure for theoretical photoelectric device design
Authors: Luo Wentao , Wei Xing , Wang Jiaxin , Zhang Yan , Chen Huaxin , Yang Yun , Liu Jian , Tian Ye , Duan Li
Published: March 2024

The geometric structure of the BAs/WTe2 heterojunction was scrutinized by employing ab initio calculations grounded on density functional theory. Multiple configurations are constructed to determine the equilibrium state of the heterojunction with optimal stability. The results show that the H1-type heterojunction with interlayer distance of 3.92 Å exhibits exceptional stability and showcases a conventional Type-II band alignment, accompanied by a direct band gap measuring 0.33 eV. By applying external electric field and introducing strain, one can efficaciously modulate both the band gap and the quantity of charge transfer in the heterojunction, accompanied by the transition of band alignment from Type-II to Type-I, which makes it expected to achieve broader applications in light-emitting diodes, laser detectors and other fields. Ultimately, the heterojunction undergoes a transformation from a semiconducting to a metallic state. Furthermore, the outstanding optical characteristics inherent to each of the two monolayers are preserved, the BAs/WTe2 heterojunction also serves to enhance the absorption coefficient and spectral range of the material, particularly within the ultraviolet spectrum. It merits emphasis that the optical properties of the BAs/WTe2 heterojunction are capable of modification through the imposition of external electric fields and mechanical strains, which will expand its applicability and potential for future progression within the domains of nanodevices and optoelectronic apparatus.
Damped least squares method for nonlinear mixed additive and multiplicative errors model
Authors: Wang Leyang , Zhao Weifeng
Published: March 2024

Measurement data in the field of modern geodesy contains not only additive errors but also multiplicative errors related to signal strength. The existing models for dealing with mixed additive and multiplicative errors are mainly based on the linear form of unknown parameters and observations, and there are few studies on the nonlinear form of the two. In the parameter estimation method of the nonlinear mixed additive and multiplicative errors model, the initial value of the Gauss–Newton parameter estimation method is selected by previous experience. The initial value determined by this method deviates far from the true value due to a lack of experience, which will lead to inaccurate parameter estimation results. In order to solve this problem, based on the least squares principle and the introduction of the damping factor, this paper deduces the damping least squares parameter solution formula for the parameter estimation of the nonlinear mixed additive and multiplicative errors model. The superiority of the damping least squares algorithm is reflected in the adjustment of the damping factor, taking into account the advantages of the Gauss–Newton method and the steepest descent method, and some weighted selection is obtained in the two algorithms. The calculation and comparative analysis of the simulated cases show that the damped least squares method is more suitable for handling geodetic data with this nonlinear mixed additive and multiplicative errors model when the initial value deviates far from the true value.
High-performance, large-area flexible SERS substrates prepared by reactive ion etching for molecular detection
Authors: Yang Xing , Zeng Pei , Zhou Yuting , Wang Qingyu , Zuo Jiankun , Duan Huigao , Hu Yueqiang
Published: March 2024

In the realm of molecular detection, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has garnered increasing attention due to its rapid detection, high sensitivity, and non-destructive characteristics. However, conventional rigid SERS substrates are either costly to fabricate and challenging to prepare over a large area, or they exhibit poor uniformity and repeatability, making them unsuitable for inspecting curved object surfaces. In this work, we present a flexible SERS substrate with high sensitivity as well as good uniformity and repeatability. First, the flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is manually formulated and cured. SiO2/Ag layer on the substrate can be obtained in a single process by using ion beam sputtering. Then, reactive ion etching is used to etch the upper SiO2 layer of the film, which directly leads to the desired densely packed nanostructure. Finally, a layer of precious metal is deposited on the densely packed nanostructure by thermal evaporation. In our proposed system, the densely packed nanostructure obtained by etching the SiO2 layer directly determines the SERS ability of the substrate. The bottom layer of silver mirror can reflect the penetrative incident light, the spacer layer of SiO2 and the top layer of silver thin film can further localize the light in the system, which can realize the excellent absorption of Raman laser light, thus enhancing SERS ability. In the tests, the prepared substrates show excellent SERS performance in detecting crystalline violet with a detection limit of 10−11 M. The development of this SERS substrate is anticipated to offer a highly effective and convenient method for molecular substance detection.
Thermocapillary thin films: periodic steady states and film rupture
Authors: Bruell Gabriele , Hilder Bastian , Jansen Jonas
Published: March 2024

We study stationary, periodic solutions to the thermocapillary thin-film model

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x
∈

R

,

which can be derived from the Bénard–Marangoni problem via a lubrication approximation. When the Marangoni number M increases beyond a critical value

M
∗

, the constant solution becomes spectrally unstable via a (conserved) long-wave instability and periodic stationary solutions bifurcate. For a fixed period, we find that these solutions lie on a global bifurcation curve of stationary, periodic solutions with a fixed wave number and mass. Furthermore, we show that the stationary periodic solutions on the global bifurcation branch converge to a weak stationary periodic solution which exhibits film rupture. The proofs rely on a Hamiltonian formulation of the stationary problem and the use of analytic global bifurcation theory. Finally, we show the instability of the bifurcating solutions close to the bifurcation point and give a formal derivation of the amplitude equation governing the dynamics close to the onset of instability.
Performance analysis of electrical signal output of multi-state flexoelectric structures with parameter uncertainties through quasi-Monte Carlo method
Authors: Liu Xiao-Xiao , Xu Yang-Bing , Han Chen , Zhang Feng
Published: March 2024

Flexoelectric effect is a more universal electromechanical coupling effect than piezoelectric effect. Flexoelectric beams as the main structural component of flexoelectric power signal output have broad application prospects in the next generation of micro–nano electromechanical systems. However, the electrical signal output of flexoelectric structures in macro-scale is far less than the output of the piezoelectric signal. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the influence of the parameter uncertainties on the electrical signal output of the flexoelectric structures, in order to improve the electrical signal output of flexoelectric materials with excellent design performance. Based on the quasi-static theory, the output voltage model and the output charge model of flexoelectric structures as well as the effective piezoelectric coefficient model are constructed. Then the influences of the flexoelectric parameters on the output voltage and the output charge are researched as well as the influence of the effective piezoelectric coefficient. Finally, the influences of uncertain parameters under different electrical states (e.g. the electrical open circuit and short circuit states) on the output performance of flexoelectric signal are studied by the quasi-Monte Carlo method, in order to further provide a reference for the reliability analysis and optimization design of the flexoelectric structures.
An origami-inspired energy absorber
Authors: Khazaaleh Shadi , Dalaq Ahmed S , Daqaq Mohammed F
Published: March 2024

The design of effective and compact energy absorption systems is key to the survivability and durability of many man-made structures and machines. To this end, this work presents the design, assessment, and implementation of a novel origami-inspired energy absorber that is based on the Kresling origami pattern. The absorber consists of a Kresling origami column positioned between the loading point and an energy dissipation module. By exploiting its unique inherent translation-to-rotation coupling feature, the primary function of the Kresling column is to transmit uniaxial incident loads (shock or impact) into localized rotational energy that can then be dissipated in a viscous fluid chamber. The proposed system has several unique advantages over traditional designs including the ability to (i) dissipate energy associated with both torsional and uniaxial loads, (ii) control the rotational velocity profile to maximize energy dissipation, and (iii) customize the restoring-force behavior of the Kresling column to different applications. Furthermore, the proposed design is more compact since it can realize the same stroke distance of the traditional translational design while being considerably shorter. Through extensive computational modeling, parametric studies, and experimental testing, it is demonstrated that the proposed design can be optimized to absorb all the imparted energy; and out of the absorbed energy, around 40% can be dissipated in the viscous fluid, while the rest is either dissipated by the viscoelasticity of the origami column or stored in it as potential energy.
Color image encryption algorithm based on Mackey–Glass time-delay chaotic system and quantum random walk
Authors: Mou Dingkang , Dong Yumin
Published: March 2024

To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of image data and prevent unauthorized data tampering and privacy leaks. This study proposes a new color image encryption scheme based on the Mackey–Glass time-delay chaotic system and quantum random walk. This approach fully leverages the unpredictability of quantum random walks to generate random values. It combines the differences in Hamming distance between the three RGB channels of color images to create a highly complex and random key. The overall image and the three independent RGB channels are arranged in ascending order using Logistic-tent chaotic mapping and the Mackey–Glass time-delay chaotic system to obfuscate the image data. The deformed fractional-order Lorenz chaotic system is introduced, integrated with DNA encoding and decoding technology, and XOR operations are performed to achieve encryption at the spatial and pixel levels, thereby increasing the complexity of decryption. Through extensive experimental research, this solution has demonstrated excellent results in tests such as adjacent pixel correlation, information entropy, and key sensitivity. It has an excellent ability to protect the privacy of images and provides a reliable guarantee for the security of image data.
Nonlocal symmetries and solutions of the multi-dimensional integrable long water wave equations
Authors: Jin Meng , Yang Jiajia , Xin Xiangpeng
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the (2+1)-dimensional integrable long water wave equations (LWWs) are constructed for the first time using the conservation law of the (1+1)-dimensional LWWs. The new (1+1)-dimensional LWWs can be obtained by introducing a constraint to the (2+1)-dimensional LWWs. This new (1+1)-dimensional LWWs are studied by using nonlocal symmetry methods for the first time. The closed system corresponding to nonlocal symmetry is established by the lax pairs of equations and the potential function determined using conservation laws. Exact solutions of the equations are obtained by finite symmetry transformation and symmetry approximation of this closed system. The dynamic behavior of the equations is studied by means of figures of the exact solutions.
Squeezing and entangling two microwave modes of electro-optomechanical systems with two driving lasers
Authors: Li Ang , Yang Song-Lin , Zhang Jian-Song , Cheng Guang-Ling , Zhong Wen-Xue
Published: March 2024

We propose an effective scheme to generate the squeezed vacuum states of two microwave fields, bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement in a compound four-mode electro-optomechanical system with two driving lasers of different amplitudes. We find that two microwave fields can be squeezed simultaneously when the effective coupling constants between mechanical oscillator and two microwave fields are chosen appropriately. In particular, the squeezing of one microwave mode can be larger than 3 dB even at high temperature. We also find that bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement can be generated in this system which are robust against thermal fluctuations. Our scheme may have potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
Improved post-radiation behavior of FinFET based CMOS with workfunction modulated gate
Authors: Ray Abhishek , Naugarhiya Alok , Mishra Guru Prasad
Published: March 2024

The total ionizing dose (TID) effect of modulated gate workfunction (MGW) FinFET based CMOS inverter is designed and analyzed. The post radiation analysis of the voltage transfer characteristics, noise margin and propagation delay are demonstrated. The incorporation workfunction modulation engineering enhances the OFF-state performance, and maintains positive threshold voltage for both the pre and post radiation condition. 2-decade improvement is noticed for the both n-FinFET and p-FinFET. In addition, the proposed technique offers minimum propagation delay time and acceptable noise margin range even after 2000 krad of radiation dose. The analysis and comparison of the results is done by the 3-D TCAD simulator.
Dirac materials in parallel non-uniform electromagnetic fields generated by SUSY: a chiral Planar Hall Effect
Authors: Pérez-Pedraza J C , García-Muñoz Juan D , Raya A
Published: March 2024

Within a Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSY-QM) framework, the (3+1) Dirac equation describing a Dirac material in the presence of external parallel electric and magnetic fields is solved. Considering static but non-uniform electric and magnetic profiles with translational symmetry along the y-direction, the Dirac equation is transformed into two decoupled pairs of Schrödinger equations, one for each chirality of the fermion fields. Taking trigonometric and hyperbolic profiles for the vector and scalar potentials, respectively, we arrive at SUSY partner Pöschl-Teller-like quantum potentials. Restricting to the conditions of the potentials that support an analytic zero-mode solution, we obtain a nontrivial current density perpendicular to the electric and magnetic fields, thus, defining a plane where these three vectors become coplanar, indicating the possibility of realizing the Planar Hall Effect. Furthermore, this non-vanishing current density is the sum of current densities for the left- and right-chiralities, suggesting that the net current is a consequence of chiral symmetry. Possible application in current steering of solitonic nature through a Type-I Weyl semimetal is discussed.
Black hole graviton and quantum gravity
Authors: Kimura Yusuke
Published: March 2024

Drawing from a thought experiment that we conduct, we propose that a virtual graviton gives rise to a black hole geometry when its momentum surpasses a certain threshold value on the Planck scale. This hypothesis implies that the propagator of a virtual graviton, that possesses momentum surpassing this threshold, vanishes. Consequently, a Feynman diagram containing this type of graviton propagator does not add to the overall amplitude. This mechanism suggests the feasibility of formulating an ultraviolet-finite four-dimensional quantum gravitational theory. The elementary particles including the gravitons are treated as point particles in this formulation.
Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity from DESI quasar targets and Planck CMB lensing
Authors: Krolewski Alex , Percival Will J. , Ferraro Simone , Chaussidon Edmond , Rezaie Mehdi , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Brooks David , Dawson Kyle , de la Macorra Axel , Doel Peter , Fanning Kevin , Font-Ribera Andreu , a Gontcho Satya Gontcho , Guy Julien , Honscheid Klaus , Kehoe Robert , Kisner Theodore , Kremin Anthony , Landriau Martin , Levi Michael E. , Martini Paul , Meisner Aaron M. , Miquel Ramon , Nie Jundan , Poppett Claire , Ross Ashley J. , Rossi Graziano , Schubnell Michael , Seo Hee-Jong , Tarlé Gregory , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Weaver Benjamin Alan , Yèche Christophe , Zhou Rongpu , Zhou Zhimin
Published: March 2024

We detect the cross-correlation between 2.7 million DESI quasar targets across 14,700 deg2 (180 quasars deg-2) and Planck 2018 CMB lensing at ∼30σ. We use the cross-correlation
on very large scales to constrain local primordial non-Gaussianity via the scale dependence of quasar bias. The DESI quasar targets lie at an effective redshift of 1.51 and are separated into four imaging regions of varying depth and image quality.
We select quasar targets from Legacy Survey DR9 imaging, apply additional flux and photometric redshift cuts to improve the purity and reduce the fraction of unclassified redshifts, and use early DESI spectroscopy of 194,000 quasar targets to determine their redshift distribution and stellar contamination fraction (2.6%). Due to significant excess large-scale power in the quasar autocorrelation, we apply weights to mitigate contamination from imaging systematics such as depth, extinction, and stellar density.
We use realistic contaminated mocks to determine the greatest number of systematic modes that we can fit, before we are biased by overfitting and spuriously remove real power.
We find that linear regression with one to seven imaging templates removed per region accurately recovers the input cross-power, f
NL and linear bias.
As in previous analyses, our f
NL constraint depends on
the linear primordial non-Gaussianity bias parameter, bϕ
= 2(b - p)δc
assuming universality of the halo mass function.
We measure f
NL = -26+45
-40 with p = 1.6 (f
NL = -18+29
-27 with p = 1.0), and find that this result is robust under several systematics tests. Future spectroscopic quasar cross-correlations with Planck lensing can tighten the f
NL constraints by a factor of 2 if they can remove the excess power on large scales in the quasar auto power spectrum.