bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Live‐donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fan Sheung Tat
Published: September 2007

Live‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a valuable option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because compared with deceased‐donor liver transplantation (DDLT), the tumor could be eradicated early. However, a higher incidence of recurrence is observed when the result is compared with DDLT. The difference is explained by the timing of transplant because only patients with slow HCC growth (and probably less aggressive tumors) can wait for DDLT. Nevertheless, arecent survey of results of LDLT for HCC in Asia indicated that the 3‐year survival rate is approximately 60–80%, which is better than that of any treatment modalities for inoperable HCC associated with poor liver function. LDLT for HCC is still worthwhile to pursue and deserves further evaluation.
Current status of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma from living donors
Authors: Makuuchi Masatoshi , Sugawara Yasuhiko
Published: September 2007

The first successful living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was performed in a child in 1989 in Brisbane, Australia and in an adult in 1994 by the Shinshu group. Over the past few years, LDLT has increased worldwide and is now an established alternative to deceased‐donor liver transplantation. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major indications for LDLT. At present, however, there are no universally adoptedselection criteria in potential candidates for LDLT. In our institution, patients were selected based on a tumor number of five or fewer and a maximum diameter of less than 5 cm with 3‐year survival of 82%.
Viral hepatitis after liver transplantation
Authors: Berenguer Marina
Published: September 2007

Recurrence of the original liver disease following liver transplantation is a typical complication in viral hepatitis. Recent advances, particularly the development of strategies to prevent or effectively treat hepatitis B, have led to substantial improvements in the post‐transplantation outcome of hepatitis B candidates. While the efficacy of antivirals to treatrecurrent hepatitis C has improved in recent years, there is as yet no therapy to universally prevent recurrent infection, and tolerability of antivirals remains a matter of concern.
THE EFFECT OF PHONONS ON SPIN-FLUCTUATION SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Authors: BRYDON P. M. R.
Published: September 2007

We present a study of the role of phonons in the cuprate superconductors. Assuming static spin fluctuations, we find that the self-consistent d-wave state is very sensitive to both the electron-phonon coupling strength and the phonon mode considered.
STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF THE CAPACITY
Authors: CHENG KAIJIA , CHENG SHUYU
Published: September 2007

TFDC (Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Cheng) electron theory is applied to analyzing the characteristics of the electrons inside the double layer of the nanometer composite thin films. This paper proposes the new mechanism about the high capacity in both theoretical analysis and experimental measurement.
NORMAL STATE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: DENG S. , SIMON A. , KÖHLER J.
Published: September 2007

The normal states of simple elemental metal and complex compound superconductors have been studied by using first principle methods and model analysis. The flat/steep band electronic structure and the peak-like structure of electron-phonon coupling have been found as two universal characteristics. A new Hamiltonian is proposed to describe the electronic structure of insulating solids.
BaO PLANES, NOT CuO2 PLANES, CONTAIN HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Authors: DOW JOHN D. , HARSHMAN DALE R.
Published: September 2007

Muon spin rotation (μ+SR) measurements conducted on crystalline YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 are consistent with s-wave pairing, not d-wave, suggesting that the superconducting hole condensate resides in the BaO layers, not in the cuprate-planes. The specific heat and thermal conductivity data are explained by the superconducting BaO layers alone, unlike the failed interpretation based on CuO 2-plane superconductivity. The layer charges of the CuO 2 planes are almost -2 | e |, indicating that those planes are primarily carriers of electrons, not holes. The cuprate-planes are not the dominant hole-carriers of high- T C superconductivity, as demonstrated by doped YBa 2 RuO 6, which has no such CuO 2 lanes, yet superconducts at ~ 93 K. Moreover the trio of related compounds, YSr 2 RuO 6 (doped with Cu on Ru sites), undoped GdSr 2 Cu 2 RuO 8, and undoped Gd 2-z Ce z Sr 2 Cu 2 RuO 10 all start superconducting near 49 K in their SrO layers, not in the cuprate planes of the two compounds that have such planes, because those planes are either antiferromagnetic or weakly ferromagnetic and so do not superconduct. In PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7, a Pr -on- Ba -site ( Pr Ba) defect kills the superconductivity, but Pr -on- Pr -site ( Pr Pr) does not. Both defects are approximately equidistant from the intervening cuprate plane, suggesting that the cuprate plane does not carry significant superconductivity. In GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7, Gd -on-a- Gd -site ( Gd Gd) does not break Cooper pairs, but Gd -on-a- Ba -site ( Gd Ba) does, indicating that the superconductivity is in the BaO layers, and not in the cuprate-planes. In HgBa 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O 2n+2, the BaO layers, not the cuprate-planes, gain positive charge as T C, pressure, and the number of layers n increase. The reason that theories based on holes in the cuprate-planes have done so poorly is that those planes were incorrectly identified as the source of high-temperature superconductivity on the basis of a single datum by Cava et al., that was first contradicted by Jorgensen et al., and then endorsed by Jorgensen alone on the basis of the Cava datum, not his own. This error is the main reason why cuprate-plane superconductivity, which probably does not exist, has been so widely accepted.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF HOLE CORRELATION IN THE t-J MODEL WITH FOUR HOLES ON A 32-SITE LATTICE
Authors: LEUNG P. W.
Published: September 2007

We solve the t-J model with four holes on a 32-site lattice using exact diagonalization. This is the largest scale calculation ever reported for this model. The size of the matrix involved in this problem is about 3×109 by 3×109. We find that at the realistic parameter J/t = 0.3, holes in the ground state of this system are unbound. They have short range repulsion due to lowering of kinetic energy. The electron momentum distribution function resembles hole pockets. We show that in case antiferromagnetic order is strong, holes form d-wave bound pairs and there is mutual repulsion among the holes. This presumably will occur at low doping level.
COPPER SITE NUCLEAR SPIN RELAXATION ANOMALY AND THE KNIGHT SHIFT
Authors: GUO WEI , WANG LIKUN , HAN RUSHAN
Published: September 2007

In the low doping limit, a high Tc cuprate preserves a two band structure. O2p electrons are itinerant, Cu3d electrons are localized. Therefore the two component model is suitable to describe nuclear spin relaxation at copper sites. In addition to the Korringa process, the hyperfine interaction between nuclear spins and local electron spins is considered, which gives rise to the anomalous relaxation rate 1/T1 = a + bT. The decrease of the susceptibility near Tc, as shown by the Knight shift measurements, can be attributed to the ordering of local spins and the pairing of the uncompensated spins created by holes at the oxygen sites.
REACTION BETWEEN DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL BLOCKS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN TL2BA2CAN-1CUNO2N+3
Authors: HAN S. H. , YU J. , XU Y. Y. , ZHANG H.
Published: September 2007

The non-monotonic relationship of T c with the number of Cu - O planes (n) per unit cell for compounds of Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O 2n+3 ( n =1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) is investigated from the reaction between different structural blocks. The unit cell of the Tl superconductors is treated as two blocks: the perovskite block where the Cu - O planes are located and the rock salt block, which is considered as a charge-reservoir. A model was used to calculate the combinative energy of the two blocks. It is found that the combinative energy between the two blocks is closely related to the value of T c . The relation demonstrates an interesting way to understand the nonlinear change of T c with the number of Cu - O planes in the layered superconductors. This means that the interaction between the two blocks plays an important role in superconductivity. The results are somewhat different from that of another Tl -system superconductor, Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca n-1 Cu n O 2n+4 , with 4 superconductive compounds.
EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF BUFFER LAYERS AND YBCO FOR COATED CONDUCTOR
Authors: YANG J. , LIU H. Z. , ZHANG H. , QU F. , ZHOU Q. , GU H. W.
Published: September 2007

An Y 2 O 3 film, as seed layer, was directly deposited on the meter long length rolling assisted biaxially textured substrate (RABiTS) NiW tapes by the reactive magnetron sputtering process. Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and CeO 2 films were further carried out as the barrier and cap layers, and YBCO layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering technique as well. X-ray diffraction was employed to characterize the texture of film. The results showed that on NiW tapes highly textured films were obtained.
ODD FREQUENCY TRIPLET PAIRING COMPONENTS IN F/S/F TRILAYERS
Authors: CHOI HAN-YONG , LEE NAYOUNG
Published: September 2007

We calculate the singlet and triplet pairing components of F/S/F trilayers by solving the Usadel equation in the dirty limit. Here, S is a conventional singlet s-wave superconductor like Nb and F is a ferromagnet like CoFe . A particular focus is on the odd frequency triplet pairing components which have a long length scale in F region unlike the singlet pairing component. The triplet components in F/S/F are induced by the broken time reversal symmetry and the proximity effects. The cases of parallel and perpendicular orientations of the two F's are calculated and discussed for the fingerprint of the odd frequency triplet pairing components.
THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE EPR g FACTORS FORDy3+INYBa2Cu3O6
Authors: DONG HUI-NING , WU SHAO-YI , WANG JUE
Published: September 2007

In the past years, the typical high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6has been extensively studied by many authors. And electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of rare-earth ( Re3+) ions in high- Tc oxide superconductors have attracted much interest because they can provide valuable information on spin-lattice relaxation, exchange interactions and the ground state properties of Re3+ions, which are further employed as sensitive probes of spin dynamics in high- Tc superconductor. The EPR anisotropic g factors of Dy3+in YBa2Cu3O6crystal has been measured by M.R. Gafurov et al., and there is no theoretical explanations related to the crystal structural data. In this paper, parameters g factors for Dy3+in YBa2Cu3O6are theoretically studied from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 4f9ion in tetragonal symmetry. In these formulas, the contributions to the EPR parameters from the second-order perturbation terms and the admixtures of various excited states are taken into account. The related crystal-field parameters are determined from the superposition model and crystal structural data. The theoretical results show reasonable agreement with the experimental values.
EFFECTS OF Sc SUBSTITUTING Y IN YBa2Cu3O7-δ ON THE FLUX PINNING PROPERTIES
Authors: XING J. H. , XU S. , LU X. M. , QIAN B. , MA G. B. , WANG Z. H. , JIANG Z. S. , WU X. S.
Published: September 2007

The effects of Sc in high T c superconductors are seldom discussed due to the difficulty of Sc embedding into the unit cell. Single phase of Y 1-x Sc x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YSBCO) is obtained with x <0.15. The critical current ( J c) varies with the content of Sc in an oscillating way, which has showed two maximum values at x =0.03 and x =0.10, individually. We here discussed the effect of Sc doping on J c.
INTRINSIC NANOSCALE DISORDER IN HTSC: EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: JUNG J. , CHOW K. H. , EGILMEZ M. , MANSOUR A. I.
Published: September 2007

Recent STM studies revealed nanoscale electronic disorder on the crystal surface in many cuprates. In BSCCO strong correlations between oxygen defect distributions on its surface and both the gap map and the coherence peak amplitude showed that the off-center distortions in the positions of oxygen atoms are responsible for most of the electronic disorder. Additional information on nanoscale inhomogeneities and its relationship to the lattice strain and oxygen redistribution can be obtained from the electrical transport that uses Percolating Persistent Supercurrents which are known to bypass regions of a reduced order parameter (macroscopic crystal defects). Our investigations identified universal (sample independent) features in the superconducting properties which can be attributed to the presence of a nanoscale inhomogeneity, such as nanogranular Josephson effects, strain-induced filamentary and percolative flow of the transport current, etc. Local oxygen redistribution, induced either by careful low temperature annealing or by room temperature aging, modifies both the superconducting and the normal state properties.
JOSEPHSON (001) TILT GRAIN BOUNDARY JUNCTIONS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: KLEMM RICHARD A. , ARNOLD GERALD B.
Published: September 2007

We calculate the Josephson critical current Ic across in-plane (001) tilt grain boundary junctions of high-temperature superconductors. We assume the Fermi surface has either an electron-doped form, or one of three hole-doped forms, and either random or specular tunneling across the junctions. We find that in-plane 'phase-sensitive' experiments are consistent with our results for the electron-doped superconductors. For the hole-doped superconductors, however, the results depend strongly upon the details of both the Fermi surface topology and the nature of the tunneling, and are therefore considerably less robust than has generally been believed. Hence, the tricrystal, tetracrystal, and interferometry experiments on hole-doped high-temperatures superconductors are unreliable, and should be redesigned.
STM STUDIES OF ELECTRONIC ORDER IN THE UNDERDOPED SURFACE OF YBa2Cu3Oy
Authors: NISHIZAKI TERUKAZU , KOBAYASHI NORIO , MAKI MAKOTO
Published: September 2007

To study the nanoscale electronic order in high-T c superconductors, we have performed low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments on YBa 2 Cu 3 O y, single crystals. The electronic state of the underdoped CuO 2 plane is studied through the BaO surface taking advantage of the cleaved surface, which has an insufficient carrier doping into the topmost CuO 2 plane because of the incomplete carrier reservoir. The STM image measured at low bias-voltage below 20 mV shows the one-dimensional (1D) electronic modulation along the Cu - O bonds. The 1D modulation do not have long-range order and the periodicity varies within the range ~ 2a - 4a depending on the position on the surface. These results indicate that electronic order in underdoped YBa 2 Cu 3 O y, differs from the 4a×4a checkerboard structure observed in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O y and Ca 2-x Na x CuO 2 Cl 2.
HIDDEN ORDER AND PSEUDOGAP OF Pb-SUBSTITUTED Bi2201 STUDIED BY SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY AND OUT-OF-PLANE RESISTIVITY IN MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: KUDO KAZUTAKA , NISHIZAKI TERUKAZU , OKUMURA NAOYUKI , SASAKI TAKAHIKO , KOBAYASHI NORIO , OHMICHI EIJI , OSADA TOSHIHITO
Published: September 2007

We have performed measurements of the out-of-plane resistivity ρ c in magnetic fields up to 40 T and the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in the Pb -Substituted Bi 2201. Two kinds of pseudogaps PG1 and PG2 are found at T*1 and T*2 below which the nonmetallic ρ c starts to develop and to be suppressed in magnetic fields with decreasing temperature, respectively. The obtained phase diagram indicates that the pseudogap related to the superconductivity is not PG1 but PG2. STM images of the Bi(Pb) - O plane in the optimally doped sample show bright atom-strings at V ≤ 10 mV . The observed structure may indicate the one-dimensional correlation which is different from the 4a × 4a structure reported in other systems.
EFFECTS OF Gd DOPING IN YBa2Cu3O7-delta ON THE CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY
Authors: XU S. , WU X. S. , MA G. B. , LIU M.
Published: September 2007

Gd is successfully embedded into YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ by the solid state reaction. Rietveld refinements show that Gd replaces Cu in the unit cell. By magnetization and resistivity measurements, the effects of Gd -doping in YBCO on the critical current density J c and the critical temperature T c in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ( YBCO ) have been investigated. J c varies with the applied field and the content of Gd and has a maximum at x = 0.03. The characteristic behavior of J c with varying the Gd content can be explained in terms of the competition between two different effects caused by Gd -doping in YBCO: the inhomogeneity of grains distribution in nano-scale and the variation of superconductivity.
STM STUDY ON THE PERIOD OF CHARGE ORDER IN THE PG STATE OF Bi2212
Authors: TAKEYAMA K. , LIU Y. H. , KUROSAWA T. , MOMONO N. , ODA M. , IDO M.
Published: September 2007

STM/STS is used to examine the charge order in the pseudogap state on underdoped Bi 2212 crystals with different hole-doping levels (p). We report that although the data for the period of charge order are slightly scattered, it is nearly 4a × 4a (a: the lattice constant) and exhibits no obvious dependence on p in the p-range examined.
THE EFFECT OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE FILMS AND THE SUBSTRATES ON THE MICROWAVE PROPERTIES Of YBCO THIN FILMS
Authors: SHI LIBIN , WANG YUNFEI , KE YUYANG , WANG QUANWU , ZHANG ZHEN , ZHANG GUOHUA , LUO SHENG , ZHANG XUEQIANG , LI CHUNGUANG , LI HONG , HE YUSHENG
Published: September 2007

The microwave properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- x / LaAlO 3 (YBCO/LAO) and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- x / MgO (YBCO/MgO) thin films have been investigated by microstrip resonator technique. The penetration depth λ0(0 K ) and the microwave surface resistance Rs can be obtained by analyzing the experimental data of the temperature dependence of resonant frequency, unload quality factor of the microstrip resonator. The stress in the two thin films can be obtained from their XRD patterns. The result shows that the stronger stress in YBCO/LAO thing film makes it have larger microwave surface resistance at lower temperature.
DOPING DEPENDENCE OF SUPERCONDUCTING GAP IN Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+δ (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6)
Authors: MACHIDA T. , KAMIJO Y. , KATO T. , HARADA K. , SAITO R. , NOGUCHI T. , SAKATA H.
Published: September 2007

We observed the distribution of the superconducting gap in Bi 2 Sr 2-x La x CuO 6+δ ( Bi 2201- La ) by scanning tunneling spectroscopy at x = 0.2 (over doped), 0.4 (optimally doped) and 0.6 (under doped). The superconducting gap was spatially distributed in all samples. As the carrier concentration is reduced, the distribution became much broader and the mean value of superconducting gap, Δ mean increased. We found that the distribution and Δ mean in Bi 2201- La grew more rapidly than in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ with decreasing the carrier concentration.
NON-CENTROSYMMETRIC HEAVY FERMION SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN CeCoGe3
Authors: SETTAI R. , OKUDA Y. , SUGITANI I. , ŌNUKI Y. , MATSUDA T. D. , HAGA Y. , HARIMA H
Published: September 2007

We measured the electrical resistivity under pressure for an antiferromagnet CeCoGe 3 without inversion symmetry in the tetragonal crystal structure. The Néel temperature T N1 = 21 K at ambient pressure decreases monotonically with increasing pressure, and becomes zero at about 5.5 GPa. Superconductivity appears above 4.3 GPa, with a superconduting transition temperature T sc = 0.72 K and a large upper critical field H c2 (0) = 7 T at 5.6 GPa. The large upper critical field H c2 (0)= 7 T exceeds the Pauli limitting field H p (≃ 1.86T sc )=1.3 T as in CePt 3 Si , CeRhSi 3 and CeIrSi 3. The large slope of H c2 at T sc , -dH c2 /dT = 18 T/K , at 5.6 GPa indicates the heavy-fermion superconductivity in CeCoGe 3.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF Bi-2223/Ag SUPERCONDUCTORS DERIVED FROM PARTICLES SIZE OF STARTING MATERIALS
Authors: SÝKOROVÁ D. , SMRČKOVÁ O. , RUBEŠOVÁ K. , VAŠEK P.
Published: September 2007

Series of the samples with nominal compositions Bi 3.2 Pb 0.8 Sr 4 Ca 5 Cu 7 O x and Bi 3.2 Pb 0.8 Sr 4 Ca 5 Cu 7 O x / Ag (10 wt%) were prepared by the standard solid state reaction at the same calcination and sintering temperature and time. Three starting mixtures were used, carbonates, oxides and silver i) with nanoparticles, ii) with micrometer size of particles and iii) powder obtained by modified sol-gel process. The main phase in all samples was Bi -2223 and silver formed the separate phase. The sol-gel process was found to be effective way in term of porosity, bulk density and connectivity of the grains. The effect of the microstructure on the transport properties were described by the temperature dependence of resistivity and critical current densities.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EPR g FACTORS FOR THE SIX-COORDIANTED Cu2+(1) SITE IN YBa2Cu3O6+x
Authors: WU S. Y. , YAO J. S. , ZHANG H. M. , LU G. D.
Published: September 2007

The EPR g factors g // and g ⊥ for the six-coordinated Cu 2+(1) site in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x are theoretically investigated from the perturbation formulas for a 3 d 9 ion in tetragonally elongated octahedra. The related tetragonal crystal-field parameters Ds and Dt are determined from the superposition model and the structural data for the Cu 2+(1) site, by considering the effective elongation of the oxygen octahedron due to the Jahn-Teller effect of the Cu 2+ cluster. Based on the calculations, the effective elongation (≈ 15%) of the ligand octahedron is obtained for the signals at 100K. As for the EPR signals at room temperature, the elongation declines to merely 4%, corresponding to the smaller anisotropy Δ g (= g // - g ⊥). The theoretical results for the g factors are in good agreement with the observed values, and the local tetragonal distortion due to the Jahn-Teller effect is discussed.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE ZERO-FIELD SPLITTING AND g FACTOR FOR Gd3+ IN La2-xSrxCuO4
Authors: WU S. Y. , ZHANG H. M. , LU G. D. , YAO J. S.
Published: September 2007

The zero-field splitting D of the 8 S 7/2 ground singlet for the tetragonal Gd 3+ center in La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 is theoretically studied from the superposition model. Meanwhile, the g factor is also quantitatively investigated from the approximation formula including admixture of the ground 8 S 7/2 and the excited 6 L 7/2 ( L=P , D, F, G) states via the spin-orbit coupling interactions. The calculated zero-field splitting and g factor are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the significant zero-field splitting can be ascribed to the average impurity-ligand bonding angles [≈ (θ1 + θ2)/2 ≈ 62°] related to the four-fold axis larger than that (≈ 54.74°) of the cubic case. Nevertheless, the experimental g factor close to 2 may be largely due to the very slight admixture of the ground 8 S 7/2 and the excited 6 L 7/2 states via the spin-orbit coupling interactions.
A NEW METHOD TO DETECT COHERENCE LENGTH IN A SUPERCONDUCTOR
Authors: HU BINGQUAN , LI XIAOZHOU , FANG ZHENYUN
Published: September 2007

The coherence length ξ, which reflects the non-local interactions and ordering scale of superconductive electrons, is one of the characteristic quantities that describe properties of a superconductor. In this paper, we propose a new experiment scheme of measuring coherence length ξ in a superconductor after analyzing the (Josephson) tunneling effects with the junctions' thickness d <ξ, d > ξ and d ~ ξ, respectively.
LOCAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Y1-XPRXBA2CU3OY
Authors: Yu J. , Chen L. , Xu Y. Y. , Han S. H. , Zhang H.
Published: September 2007

To further understand the argument about the superconductivity in PrBa 2 Cu 3 O y , We try to change YBa 2 Cu 3 O y to PrBa 2 Cu 3 O y gradually, studying the detailed change during the change, and hope to find some clue to the argument. The single-phase samples of Y 1- x Pr x Ba 2 Cu 3 O y ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by DC magnetization measurement and X-ray diffraction. The structure of the samples was refined by Rietveld method. After careful analysis, it is found that as the x increasing, Ba moves toward the Cu - O (1) plane, the bond length between Y - Ba , Y - Cu (2), and Ba - O (1), and Cu (1)-0(4) increase simultaneously. It demonstrates that as the Pr content increases, the distance between the active block and the carrier reservoir block becomes farer and farer, and the area of the carrier reservoir block increases. It is suggested that the doping of Pr to Y in YBa 2 Cu 3 O y changes some local structure and result in the suppression and vanishing of the superconductivity.
TWO-GAP NATURE OF THE BULK SUPERCONDUCTOR (Mg1-xAlx)B2 WITH LOW (x ≤ 0.07)Al DOPING
Authors: PARK MIN-SEOK , KIM JUNG-DAE , LEE HYE-GYONG , KIM HEON-JUNG , LEE SUNG-IK , JUNG MYUNG-HWA , JO YOUNGHUN
Published: September 2007

We have investigated the two-gap nature of bulk ( Mg 1-x Al x) B 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07 by studying the upper critical field Hc2(T). The Hc2(T) is analyzed based on the dirty-limit two-gap model. While the effective diffusivities of the π-band [Formula: see text] decreased gradually, those of the σ-band [Formula: see text] were relatively unchanged, which indicated that unlike the 2 dimensional σ-band, the isotropic π-band is seriously affected by the Al doping. The upward curvature of Hc2(T) near Tc is also explained by the dirty-limit two-gap model.
AC LOSSES EVALUATION OF SILVER-SHEATHEDBI-2223 TAPES WITH CONVERTING DC MAGNETIC FIELD ANGLE
Authors: ZOU PING , LIN DE-HUA , ZHANG ZHONG-WEI
Published: September 2007

A number of studies showed that the AC losses for B//c are much larger than that for B//ab due to the effects of Ic(B) behavior at 77K. We present the relation between AC losses and the orientations of DC magnetic field by a sample of Bi -2223 tapes with 37 filaments of a superconducting core, which were prepared by the powder-in-(Ag) tube (PIT). A universal formula on the relation between AC losses and the orientations of the DC magnetic field will be found out according to the ellipse model of the Norris equation. The formula will provide some useful hints for the theoretical analysis of AC losses.
STRUCTURE EFFECT ON THE AlB2-LIKE SUPERCONDUCTOR CaAlSi
Authors: MA R. , LIU M. , HUANG G. Q.
Published: September 2007

In this paper, using the first-principles calculations, we study the crystal structure effect on the superconductivity in CaAlSi . It is proposed that an AF-like superstructure model for Al (or Si ) atoms arranged along the c direction may mediate the inconsistency of the electron-phonon coupling estimated from theory and experiment, and explain the anomalous superconductivity in CaAlSi .
NMR STUDIES OF LAYERED NITRIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: TOU HIDEKI , SERA MASAFUMI , MANIWA YUTAKA , YAMANAKA SHOJI
Published: September 2007

Layered nitride superconductor, Li 0.48( THF )y HfNCl with Tc=25.5 K , was investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 7 Li -, 35 Cl -NMR studies clarified that the partial electron density of states at Fermi level at Li and Cl sites are negligibly small. From the 15 N NMR Knight shift studies, the spin susceptibility decreases toward zero below Tc, evidencing that the pairing symmetry is an even-parity spin-singlet. These results indicate that superconductivity is derived from the HfN layer. We also measured 15 N -, 7 Li -NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate in the temperature range of 4.2K - 100 K and observed the enhancement of the spin-lattice relaxation rate, 1/ T 1, by field fluctuations generated by the vortex dynamics.
STUDY OF THE MIXTURES OF MGB2 AND HIGH TC SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: XU Y. Y. , REN J. , HAN S. H. , ZHANG H.
Published: September 2007

To get some information about the interaction of two totally different kinds of superconductors in a mixture, we prepared the samples of mixture of two kinds of superconductors ( YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7+ MgB 2), using normal annealing method at low temperature (400 °C ~ 600 °C). The variations of the transition temperature (Tc) and critical current (Jc) of the mixtures are investigated. We also prepared a series of samples of MgB 2 with small ratios of YBCO or Bi -2223 as addition. Carefully comparison shows that the Jc drops when the ratio of YBCO additions increases, but in the Bi -2223 additions the trend goes just the opposite.
MAGNETIC PHASES OF JOSEPHSON VORTEX IN STRONGLY ANISOTROPIC High-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: HIRATA KAZUTO
Published: September 2007

When a magnetic field is applied parallel to the superconducting layers in high-Tc superconductors (HTSCs), vortices become Josphson vortices (JVs). To study the magnetic phase diagram of JVs in strongly anisotropic HTSCs, we propose that the JV flow-resistance measurement is a powerful probe to observe periodic oscillations in the JV flow-resistance against the magnetic field. We could determine the magnetic phase diagram of JVs in Bi -2212, in which there exist a three-dimensionally-ordered state and a two-dimensionally quasi-ordered one.
VORTEX PHASE DIAGRAM AND DYNAMICS NEAR T = 0 IN THE LIQUID PHASE OF A THICK a-MoxGe1-x FILM
Authors: OKUMA S. , SUZUKI K. , KOHARA M.
Published: September 2007

We report on the equilibrium vortex phase diagram and vortex dynamics driven by dc current in the low-temperature liquid phase of thick amorphous (a-) Mo x Ge 1-x and a- Mo x Si 1-x films containing weak and moderately strong pinning, respectively. The solid state for the a- Mo x Ge 1-x film is an ordered vortex lattice or Bragg glass, which is different from the disordered vortex glass for the a- Mo x Si 1-x films. We find that the liquid state is similar to each other, involving the quantum-vortex-liquid (QVL) phase at low temperature. The width of the QVL phase is not enhanced by reduced pinning strength. In both systems we detect the unusual vortex flow in (near) the QVL phase.
BROADBAND NOISE ACROSS THE MODE-LOCKING FREEZING IN DRIVEN VORTEX MATTER
Authors: OKUMA S. , INOUE J. , KOKUBO N.
Published: September 2007

We report on the measurements of broadband voltage noise generated by the driven vortex matter in and just below the peak-effect regime of a thick amorphous Mo x Ge 1-x film. We focus on a change in broadband noise as the system undergoes the mode-locking (ML) resonance (ML freezing), which occurs when the ac drive superimposed on the dc drive excites the lattice-oscillation modes collectively. Independent of the field studied, the noise spectrum at low frequencies f is of Lorentzian type, while it is f-independent at high f (but well below the ac-drive frequency). We find that the magnitude of noise at high f decreases in the ML resonance.
JOSEPHSON π-STATE DUE TO SPIN-ACTIVE JUNCTION INTERFACE
Authors: ASANO YASUHIRO , SAWA YUKI , TANAKA YUKIO
Published: September 2007

Motivated by a recent experiment [R. S. Keizer, et. al., Nature 439, 825 (2006)], we study the Josephson effect in superconductor/diffusive half metal/superconductor junctions. The Josephson π-state is more stable than the 0-junction when the spin-flip scattering at the junction interface opens the Josephson channel of the odd-frequency Cooper pairs.
THICKNESS-DEPENDENT MICROSTRUCTURES AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF LiTaO3 THIN FILMS PREPARED BY A Sol-Gel PROCESS
Authors: KAO M. C. , CHEN H. Z. , YOUNG S. L. , LIN C. C. , YU C. C.
Published: September 2007

LiTaO 3 thin films were deposited on Pt / Ti / SiO 2/ Si substrates by means of a sol-gel spin-coating technology and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The influence of various annealing treatments on the characteristics of the thin films were studied by varying the single-annealed-layer thickness (50 ~ 200 nm ) and heating temperatures (500 ~ 800° C ) of the samples. Experimental results reveal that the single-annealed-layer strongly influences grain size, dielectricity and ferroelectricity of LiTaO 3 thin films. The grain size of LiTaO 3 thin film decreases slightly with increasing thickness of the single-annealed-layer, and highly c-axis orientated LiTaO 3 films can be obtained for a single-annealed-layer of 50 nm. When the thickness of the single-annealed-layer was increased from 50 to 200 nm, the relative dielectric constant of LiTaO 3 thin film decreased from 65 to 35, but the dielectric loss factor (tanδ) was increased. The LiTaO 3 films with the single-annealed-layer of 50 nm showed excellent ferroelectric properties in terms of a remanent polarization ( P r) of 12.3 μ C /cm2 (Ec ∼ 60 kV/cm), and a low current density of 5.2×l0-8 A /cm2 at 20 kV/cm.
STUDIES ON LA0.7CA0.3MNO3 - YBA2CU3O7-δ HETEROSTRUCTURES GROWN BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE
Authors: WANCHOO SUNIL KUMAR , JASUDASAN J. , BAGWE V. C. , PAI S. P. , NARSALE A. M. , PINTO R.
Published: September 2007

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a unique method for growing highly stoichiometric, materials in the form of epitaxial thin films. Here we discuss the optimization of deposition parameters for laser ablation of multi-component La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3- YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (LCMO-YBCO) heterostructures grown in situ by sequential deposition of LCMO and YBCO on <100> LaAlO 3 (LAO) substrates using a PLD system. We discuss the growth of these multi-layers, from the device applications point of view.
STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF (R0.5A0.5)NIO3 PEROVSKITES (R = GD, YB AND A = CE, TH)
Authors: CHEN J. W. , LIU H. M. , KAO H.-C. I. , SHEU H. S. , LEE J. F. , LING D. C. , PONG W. F. , HORNG L.
Published: September 2007

Four perovskite compounds with nominal compositions of ( Gd 0.5 Th 0.5) NiO 3, ( Gd 0.5 Ce 0.5) NiO 3, ( Yb 0.5 Th 0.5) NiO 3 and ( Yb 0.5 Ce 0.5) NiO 3 were prepared by a polymeric citrate precursor method. They were either slow-cooled in the furnace or quenched to room temperature. All of them have monoclinic symmetry. Quenched samples have a slightly bigger unit cell volume and longer Ni-O bond length, and a smaller grain size than that of the furnace-cooled compounds. All samples are paramagnetic insulators in the range of 2 K to 300 K. The Th containing compounds have larger tolerance factor and Ni (1)– O (1)– Ni (2) bond angle than that of the Ce containing compounds. No mixed valence of Ce, Th and Ni is observed in these samples.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Zr-DOPED TiN NANOFILM
Authors: LIU ANPING , WANG YINFENG , YANG XUEHENG
Published: September 2007

The Zr -doped TiN coating, a nanometer (Ti, Zr)N thin film, has been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on slides and Al substrates. The crystalline phase and energy band structure have been analyzed by XRD and STS. The results of XRD show that the (Ti, Zr)N film is poly crystalline and consisted of mixed crystal of TiN and ZrN phase. The STS spectra show that Zr -doping didn't change the position and band-gap of energy level, only two new energy levels appeared, Eg = 0.33eV and Eg = 0.42eV. According to the results of measurement, (Ti, Zr)N has higher hardness and better corrosion resistance than TiN by Zr -doping.
A UNIVERSAL RELATION BETWEEN THE DENSITIES OF STATES NEAR VAN HOVE SINGULARITIES AND THE EFFECTIVE ELECTRON MASSES IN 1-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS
Authors: ZHAO G. L. , BAGAYOKO D.
Published: September 2007

We present a universal relation between the densities of states near Van Hove singularities and the effective electron masses in 1-dimensional (1-D) materials. The relation can be utilized as a new method to determine the effective masses of charge carriers of 1-D materials in theoretical calculations and in experimental measurements. The calculated results, utilizing the relation for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), agree well with that of the conventional calculations when both approaches utilize the outputs of ab-initio density functional computations.
THE MICROWAVE PROPERTIES OF THE DOUBLE-SIDED THIN FILM MgB2 RESONATOR
Authors: WANG YUNFEI , SHI LIBIN , CHEN LIPING , LUO SHENG , ZHANG GUOHUA , ZHANG XUEQIANG , LI CHUNGUANG , LI HONG , XIONG GUANGCHENG , HE YUSHENG
Published: September 2007

Double-sided magnesium diboride ( MgB 2) thin films have been grown on double-sided polished sapphire substrates by the technique of hybrid physical chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD). The zero resistance temperature ( Tc ) of the films is higher than 37 K. The microwave characteristic of the double-sided MgB 2 thin films at 8.7GHz is studied systematically by the microstrip resonator technique. Surface resistance of the thin films is extracted by analyzing the resonance curves at different temperatures, and it is 1.2 mΩ at 11K.
EXERGOECONOMIC ANALYSIS ON ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES AT LOW TEMPERATURE
Authors: RUAN DENG-FANG , LI YOU-RONG , WU SHUANG-YING , LAN BO
Published: September 2007

The exergoeconomic analysis is carried out on enhanced heat transfer surfaces at low temperature. A new criterion for evaluating the performance of enhanced heat transfer surfaces at low temperature is proposed. It can be applied to various augmentation techniques and generalizes the performance evaluation criteria obtained by means of the first and second law analysis. The validity of the new performance evaluation criterion is illustrated by the analysis of heat transfer characteristics at low temperature and assessment of the heat transfer cost of two types of enhanced heat transfer surfaces.
EXERGY TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS ON LOW TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGERS
Authors: WU S. Y. , YUAN X. F. , Li Y. R. , PENG L.
Published: September 2007

By analyzing exergy transfer process of the low temperature heat exchangers operating below the surrounding temperature, the concept of exergy transfer coefficient is put forward and the expressions which involving relevant variables for the exergy transfer coefficient, the heat transfer units number and the ratio of cold to hot fluids heat capacity rate, etc. are derived. Taking the parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow low temperature heat exchangers as examples, the numerical results of exergy transfer coefficient are given and the comparison of exergy transfer coefficient with heat transfer coefficient is analyzed.
PREPARATION OF HIGH-ORDERLY TIO2 NANOTUBES IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS
Authors: ZHANG YUNHUAI , HU FU , XIAO PENG , FAN XIAOYAN
Published: September 2007

High-orderly nanotubes of titania were fabricated by anodic oxidation of pure titanium substrate in different electrolytes containing fluoride. Different morphological nanotubes of titania were obtained through controlling the different pH value of inorganic electrolytes, and it was found that nanotubes of titanium oxide would not formed when pH value was above 6. The morphological and structural properties of nanotublar products were characterized by SEM. The synthesized nanotubes of titania in organic electrolytic solutions containing fluoride was of 60 μm in length. The experiments demonstrated the length and orderliness of nanotubes of titanium oxide in organic solutions were much better than those in inorganic solutions.
ENHANCEMENT OF MAMMOGRAPHIC PHANTOM FEATURES BY NOISE REDUCTION
Authors: ADEL MOULOUD , ZUWALA DANIEL , RASIGNI MONIQUE , BOURENNANE SALAH
Published: September 2007

A noise reduction scheme on digitized mammographic phantom images is presented. This algorithm is based on a direct contrast modification method with an optimal function, obtained by using the mean squared error as a criterion. Computer simulated images containing objects similar to those observed in the phantom are built to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Noise reduction results obtained on both simulated and real phantom images show that the developed method may be considered as a good preprocessing step from the point of view of automating phantom film evaluation by means of image processing.
PCA PLUS F-LDA: A NEW APPROACH TO FACE RECOGNITION
Authors: WANG HUIYUAN , WANG ZENGFENG , LENG YAN , WU XIAOJUAN , LI QING
Published: September 2007

A new feature extraction method for face recognition based on principal component analysis (PCA) and fractional-step linear discriminant analysis (F-LDA) is given in this paper. In order to reduce the computation complexity, PCA is first used to reduce the dimension. In addition, before using F-LDA, we transform the pooled within-class scatter matrix into an identity matrix. The proposed method is tested on AR and UMIST face databases. Experiment results show that our method gains higher classification accuracy than other existing methods used in the experiment.
A FULL-BODY GESTURE DATABASE FOR HUMAN GESTURE ANALYSIS
Authors: HWANG BON-WOO , KIM SUNGMIN , LEE SEONG-WHANe
Published: September 2007

This paper presents a full-body gesture database which contains 2D video data and 3D motion data of 14 normal gestures, 10 abnormal gestures and 30 command gestures for 20 subjects. We call this database the Korea University Gesture (KUG) database. Using 3D motion cameras and 3 sets of stereo cameras, we captured 3D motion data and 3 pairs of stereo-video data in 3 different directions for normal and abnormal gestures. In case of command gestures, 2 pairs of stereo-video data were obtained by 2 sets of stereo cameras with different focal lengths in order to capture views of whole body and upper body, simultaneously. The 2D silhouette data was synthesized by separating a subject and background in 2D stereo-video data. In this paper, we describe the gesture capture system, the organization of database, the potential usages of the database and the contact point for the KUG database. We expect that this database would be very useful for the study of 2D/3D human gesture and its application.
THE FISHER–RAO METRIC FOR LINES IN A CONVEX IMAGE
Authors: MAYBANK STEPHEN J.
Published: September 2007

The Fisher–Rao metric on the parameter space for the set of lines in a two-dimensional convex image is approximated under the assumption that the errors in the measurements are small. The volume of the parameter space under the approximating metric is proportional to the area of the image under the Euclidean metric. In the case of a rectangular image, expressions for the approximating metric are obtained and an algorithm is given for sampling the parameter space. The sample points are used in an algorithm for detecting lines in a rectangular image. Experimental results are reported. In the case of a disc shaped image the parameter space for lines embeds isometrically, under the approximating metric, into three-dimensional Euclidean space.
SOME FRACTAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA MODELS OF SEISMIC FAULTS
Authors: GÁLVEZ-COYT G. , MUÑOZ-DIOSDADO A. , ANGULO-BROWN F.
Published: September 2007

Some useful models in the earthquake description are supposed to have a stress distribution, which is usually modeled by means of a cellular automaton with homogeneous distribution. Geological evidence has shown that the Earth's crust during an earthquake is broken into fragments in a scale range that goes from millimeters to hundred of kilometers having a fractal-like structure. In this work, we use an automaton with a fractal structure proposed by Barriere and Turcotte to describe a seismic fault, but we change the definition of event magnitude. We have obtained the general features obtained in other models, especially the Gutenberg-Richter law. We also analyze other properties that have been observed in actual seismic faults.
EMERGENCE OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC PATTERNS ON TWO-COLOR SLOPE SYSTEM
Authors: SHIN JAE KYUN
Published: September 2007

Group behavior emergent from the systems composed of two types of agents are investigated. The agents are defined on a two-dimensional grid system and move under the influence of the attractive and/or repulsive interactions. Depending on the intensity and the sense of the interactions, a wide variety of spatiotemporal patterns emerge on the system. Those patterns are discussed in terms of the well-known phenomena in real systems such as the residential segregation in cities, cell sorting in multicellular system, self-running droplet, group behavior of a fish school under the attack of a predator and the fission in a cell division process.
FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION USING MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEM
Authors: NATH RAJIV KUMAR
Published: September 2007

In this paper, the human fingerprint, which is independent of rotation and scaling, is recognized. The multiple classification technique, based on wavelet and fractal analysis, is used. It is shown that systematic incorporation of decision from various classifiers leads to a better decision rather than simply fusing them. Multiple classifiers can serve as a means of enhancing the performance of pattern recognition problems. Multiple classifier system design involves the problem of classifier fusion. This paper deals with multi-classifier systems in which each classifier uses its own representation of the input pattern, based on features collected from multiple sources. The multiple feature sources considered here are multi-fractals, wavelets and fast Fourier transforms coefficients. A clustering algorithm is used to observe the efficacy of the feature sources. The multiple sources were graded according to their effectiveness of providing more non-overlapping clusters for different groups into which the samples are to be separated. This approach first considers the best source for the feature parameters. If this feature classifies the test sample into more than one cluster, then the feature next to the best is summoned to finish up the remaining part of the classification process. The continuation of this process along with the judicious selection of classifiers succeeds in identifying a single cluster for the test sample. The results obtained after the experiments on a set of fingerprint images shows that this novel technique can go a long way in avoiding ambiguity and thus limiting the need for use of soft-computing tools for making decisions. Our method provides a hard, concrete and accurate solution to pattern recognition problems employing multiple classifiers.
IT Experiences in the Australian Biotech Market
Authors: Surendran Jason
Published: September 2007

The article is about the author's IT experience in the Austrlian biotech market. It discusses specific BioIT applications and hardware.
Biotech Profile of China
Authors: Xu Derek
Published: September 2007

The article discusses the major biotech products and services that China is providing. It touches on the characteristics and trends of the Chinese biotechnology market. It also introduces ways of marketing potential products and services.
Perspectives on the Biotechnology Industry in Hong Kong
Authors: Wan Frank
Published: September 2007

The article discusses on what the Hong Kong government are doing to boost biomedical investments. It touches briefly on the biotechnology market and Hong Kong government policy for Innovation and Technology. It also includes some examples of biotech companies.
Current Status of Bioindustry in South Korea
Authors: Muralitharan Morley , Chandler Stephen F. , Gray Chris
Published: September 2007

The article is about the research portfolio of South Korea. It also touches on South Korea's competitive edge over other Asia countries. It includes a table on the South Korean Bioindustry Sectors.
Biotechnology Industry in Taiwan: Asian Leader, Global Partner!
Authors: Chen Chei-Hsiang
Published: September 2007

The article touches on the key stakeholders of the biotech companiesin Taiwan. It also discusses the regulatory bodies and the government funding and taxation, strengths and opportunties and Taiwan's potential.
Alternative Medicine
Authors: Zhang Qunhao , Fay Elizabeth
Published: September 2007

Acupuncture and the Treatment of Infertility.
Alternative Medicine
Authors: Xue Charlie Changli , Story David F.
Published: September 2007

Harmonization of Traditional and Modern Medicine: An Australian Perspective.
QUT Eyes Scarless Healing
Authors: Leavesley David , Harkin Damien , McElwain Sean , George Graeme , Upton Zee
Published: September 2007

The article is about the research done in Queensland University of Technology. The tissue bioregeneration research there is focused on developing innovative and improved technologies for the management of tissues damaged through trauma, fatigue, aging, disease and surgery.