bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komunikasi Pemasaran Kennedy, Voice & Berliner dalam Membangun Loyalitas dengan Klien
Authors: Annabell Jacqueline , Setyanto Yugih , Aulia Sisca
Published: March 2020

Marketing communication is carried out with the main goal of selling. Companies that offer services and products compete with each other in applying marketing communication strategies to attract clients and maintain the loyalty of clients who have become regular customers. This research utilizes marketing communication theory and client's loyalty. The research approach used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach with case study research methods and data collection techniques carried out by interviews, non-participant observation, literature study and documentation. The result of this study indicates that Kennedy, Voice & Berliner runs a mix of marketing communications, namely events and experiences, public relations and publicity, direct marketing, word-of-mouth marketing, and personal selling. Kennedy, Voice & Berliner clients have a high level of engagement and are supported by a high level of repeated purchase, reciprocity and client's satisfaction with Kennedy, Voice & Berliner in which they use the services of Kennedy, Voice & Berliner’s  public relations consultant on an ongoing basis. Komunikasi pemasaran dilaksanakan dengan tujuan utama menjual. Perusahaan-perusahaan yang menawarkan jasa maupun produk saling berkompetisi dalam mengaplikasikan strategi komunikasi pemasaran untuk menarik minat klien serta mempertahankan loyalitas klien yang telah menjadi pelanggan tetap. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori komunikasi pemasaran dan loyalitas klien. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode penelitian studi kasus dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi non-participant, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Kennedy, Voice & Berliner menjalankan bauran komunikasi pemasaran yaitu events and experiences, public relations and publicity, direct marketing, word-of-mouth marketing, dan personal selling. Klien Kennedy, Voice & Berliner memiliki keterikatan yang tinggi dan didukung dengan  tingkat pembelian ulang yang tinggi, adanya timbal balik dan rasa puas klien terhadap Kennedy, Voice & Berliner sehingga memakai jasa konsultan public relations Kennedy, Voice & Berliner secara terus-menerus.
Pengaruh Viral Marketing Video Promosi Instagram terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Bakso Goreng iONG
Authors: Velia Velia , Candraningrum Diah Ayu
Published: March 2020

Current development is driving a growth for technology and media in marketing strategy. One of the marketing strategy is viral marketing. Viral marketing could be a strategy to do a promotion for delivering information from sales to consumer by social media. This research conducts to find out about whether there is any effect of viral marketing Instagram promotion video on consumer purchase decision Bakso Goreng iONG. This study uses a descriptive approach in descriptive method, with the amount of 114 respondents who were the viewers from Instagram promotion video and have purchased Bakso Goreng iONG product. The result of this research mentioned, by significance test partial effect, shows that viral marketing individually has an effect on purchasing decisions. One of the supporting component to running viral marketing is buzz, which is the content, ideas and topics from the promotional video submitted. With an interesting and clear topic about information from Bakso Goreng iONG, made the consumer has an interest to buy Bakso Goreng iONG product. Perubahan zaman mendorong adanya perkembangan teknologi dan media dalam melakukan strategi pemasaran. Salah satunya adalah viral marketing, yang dapat dilakukan sebagai strategi untuk menerapkan promosi guna menyampaikan informasi dari pemasar pada konsumen lewat media sosial. Penelitian ini berfungsi untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh viral marketing video promosi Instagram, terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen pada produk Bakso Goreng iONG. Metode deskriptif merupakan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan total jumlah 114 responden yang merupakan penonton dari video promosi Instagram, dan telah membeli produk Bakso Goreng iONG. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan, lewat uji signifikasi pengaruh parsial, menunjukkan hasil bahwa viral marketing secara individual memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Salah satu komponen dalam mendukung berjalannya viral marketing adalah buzz/content, yang merupakan isi, ide dan topik dari video promosi yang disampaikan. Dengan topik yang menarik dan jelas mengenai informasi dari produk yang dipasarkan oleh Bakso Goreng iONG, membuat konsumen tertarik untuk membeli produk Bakso Goreng iONG.
Strategi Media Relations Praxis dalam Membangun Corporate Image Bank DBS Indonesia
Authors: Karsten Joses , Paramita Sinta
Published: March 2020

Indonesia has now entered an era of rapid technological and internet development, which also requires the financial services industry to be able to follow it. This is indicated by the intense competition between banks in Indonesia that have started to develop their services in the form of digital banking. To overcome this problem, the thing done by Praxis as the PR Agency of Bank DBS Indonesia is to build an image as a bank that is not complicated in banking activities through a mission that is also a key message "Live more, Bank less". In this case, the effort made by Praxis is to implement a media relations strategy to gain mass media publicity. The main theoretical of this research uses media relations theory, specifically regarding to the concept of media relations strategy by Yosal Iriantara (2011). This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-study case method. The results of this research reveal that the media relations strategy implemented by Praxis are manage good relations with the media, develop strategies that produce general principles in doing media relations, and also develop a wider job network. Indonesia kini telah memasuki era perkembangan teknologi dan internet yang begitu pesat, dimana mengharuskan juga industri jasa dibidang keuangan untuk dapat mengikutinya. Hal ini ditandai dari ketatnya persaingan antar bank di Indonesia yang sudah mulai mengembangkan layanan mereka ke dalam bentuk digital banking. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, upaya yang dilakukan oleh Praxis sebagai PR Agency dari Bank DBS Indonesia adalah dengan membangun citra sebagai bank yang tidak ribet dalam urusan perbankan melalui misi yang sekaligus merupakan pesan kunci “Live more, Bank less” kepada publik. Dalam hal ini, upaya yang dilakukan oleh Praxis adalah dengan melaksanakan strategi media relations guna meraih publisitas media massa. Landasan teori utama penelitian ini menggunakan teori media relations, khususnya mengenai konsep strategi media relations oleh Yosal Iriantara (2011). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus-deskriptif. Hasil temuan penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa strategi media relations yang diterapkan Praxis adalah dengan mengelola relasi yang baik dengan media, mengembangkan strategi yang melahirkan prinsip umum dalam melaksanakan media relations, serta yang terakhir adalah mengembangkan jaringan pekerjaan yang lebih luas.
Pengaruh Penggunaan New Media Terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan (Studi Tentang Media Sosial Facebook Dalam Pemenuhan Informasi di Kalangan Ibu Rumah Tangga)
Authors: Nia Lea , Loisa Riris
Published: March 2020

Initially, the media is something that is controlled by the owners, namely the parties concerned. But after internet technology was created, new media made people have their own accounts and create their own content. This Thesis Research aims to determine the effect of Facebook Use on Meeting Information Needs and why housewives use Facebook as a means of meeting their information needs, this can later be measured and described. This research is based on the number of housewives who are seen using Facebook to search for information instead of the Google search engine. Some of the concepts used as the basis for this research are the use of the internet, meeting needs, new media, and social media. The theory used in this research is the uses and gratification theory, the theory of alleged values, and new media theory. The approach used is a mix-method, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, and uses a case study method. The conclusion in this study is that there is an influence of the variable Facebook Usage on Meeting the Needs of Information among Housewives, as well as the most common reasons housewives choose Facebook because it feels more familiar, easy, and complete. Pada awalnya, media adalah sesuatu yang dikendalikan oleh para pemiliknya, yakni kaum yang berkepentingan. Namun setelah teknologi internet tercipta, media baru membuat orang memiliki akunnya sendiri dan menciptakan konten mereka masing-masing. Penelitian Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Penggunaan Facebook terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi dan mengapa ibu rumah tangga menggunakan Facebook sebagai sarana pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi mereka, hal ini nantinya dapat diukur dan di deskripsikan. Penelitian ini didasari banyaknya ibu rumah tangga yang terlihat menggunakan Facebook untuk mencari informasi alih-alih mesin pencarian Google. Beberapa konsep yang dijadikan landasan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan internet, pemenuhan kebutuhan, new media, dan media sosial. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori uses and gratification, teori nilai dugaan, dan teori media baru. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan campuran (mix-method), yaitu penggabungan dari pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, dan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh dari variabel Penggunaan Facebook terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi di Kalangan Ibu Rumah Tangga, serta alasan yang paling umum ibu rumah tangga memilih Facebook karena dirasa lebih familiar, mudah, dan lengkap.
Strategi Rebranding Citra pada Figur Publik (Studi pada Aktor Tio Pakusadewo)
Authors: Tannaz Dhedana , Setyo Utami Lusia Savitri
Published: March 2020

Personal branding is certainly not a new thing. Even in the world of work and everyday life, personal branding is a way to build self-image in front of the general public, likewise with public figures. As a public figure, of course, they must build a positive image to the communities. This research titled is Image Rebranding Strategy on Public Figures (Study on Actor Tio Pakusadewo). This study aims to describe the image rebranding strategy carried out by Tio Pakusadewo. This research was conducted using qualitative with case study research methods. The results of this study indicate that the decision to rebrand Tio Pakusadewo is due to the case he experienced, which made his self-image negative.. The rebranding process consists of several stages, namely from the first stage of repositioning through changes his self-image. The second stage is redesign by changing his appearance style to make it look more polite. The final stage of the rebranding process is relaunching by doing the theater press conference ‘Untuk Ibu”.Personal branding memang bukan lagi hal yang baru. Di kehidupan sehari-hari bahkan dalam dunia pekerjaan, personal branding menjadi cara untuk membangun citra diri di hadapan khalayak umum. Begitupun dengan figur publik. Sebagai figur publik tentu saja harus membangun citra yang positif kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini berjudul Strategi Rebranding Citra pada Figur Publik (Studi pada Aktor Tio Pakusadewo). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi rebranding citra yang dilakukan oleh Tio Pakusadewo. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebijakan melakukan rebranding terhadap Tio Pakusadewo dikarenakan kasus yang telah menimpanya sehingga membuat citranya menjadi buruk. Proses rebranding terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu dari tahap pertama repositioning melalui perubahan image dirinya di masyarakat. Tahap kedua yaitu redesign dengan mengubah gaya penampilannya agar terlihat lebih sopan. Tahap terakhir proses rebranding adalah relaunching dengan melakukan acara press conference teater ‘Untuk Ibu’.
Efektivitas Social Media Marketing E-Commerce dalam Meningkatkan Brand Image Perusahaan (Survei Pada Pelanggan Tokopedia)
Authors: Defrianto Defrianto , Loisa Riris
Published: March 2020

The research was done to determine the impact the of social media marketing will have on brand image Tokopedia. The research uses marketing communication theory, social media marketing, and brand image. Tokopedia is an e-commerce that offers a variety of products for its users starting with bill payment, electronics, beauty, automotive, and daily necessities. The approach used for this study is a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study is the user of Tokopedia and the number of samples taken as much as 218 individuals and are using nonprobability sampling techniques with the purposive sampling approach. The data collected in this study is from a questionnaire. Based on the results of the research, it has been obtained that partial, there is an impact that social media marketing has had on the brand image Tokopedia. On the dimension of social media marketing, communication indicators are the highest indicator, and on the brand image dimension, brand benefit and competence indicators are the highest indicator. The relation that happened is only 28,3%. The rest of the 71,7% are affected by other factors outside the social media marketing activity.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh social media marketing terhadap brand image Tokopedia. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori komunikasi pemasaran, social media marketing, dan brand image. Tokopedia merupakan e-commerce yang menawarkan berbagai macam produk-produk untuk penggunanya dimulai dari pembayaran tagihan, elektronik, kecantikan, otomotif, dan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengguna Tokopedia dan jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 218 orang dan menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling dengan pendekatan purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka diperoleh hasil bahwa secara parsial, ada pengaruh social media marketing terhadap brand image Tokopedia. Pada dimensi social media marketing, indikator komunikasi merupakan indikator yang tertinggi, dan pada dimensi brand image, indikator brand benefit and competence merupakan indikator tertinggi. Hubungan yang terjadi hanya sebesar 28,3%. Sisanya 71,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar kegiatan social media marketing.
Pemanfaatan Social Traffic untuk Meningkatkan Page Views Pada Video “Gagasan Isengin Acil ! Leri Marah” Di Akun Youtube dan Instagram Dalang Pelo
Authors: Putri Gresia Indah , Candraningrum Diah Ayu
Published: March 2020

In this digital era, new media such as Instagram and Youtube has become the most popular media, especially among teenagers. With the advanced of these new media, content creators have been using Instagram and Youtube as platform to express ideas, creativity and upload their works. One of favourable content video in Youtube is Dalang Pelo's animated content that is funny and interesting. The creator content that made the video animation, is Nur Alif Ramadhan. The author is interested in analyzing Dalang Pelo's animation because currently there are many video animations with similar content, but it still exist. The purpose of this study is to find out how publisher gets a high page view on Dalang Pelo's Youtube video. The theory used is the New Media Theory which contains the concepts of website traffic, social traffic, and high page views. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. In this study, the author wants to find out how Dalang Pelo’s video utilizes social traffic strategy to increase page views on it’s Instagram and Youtube accounts through interviews, observations and documentation. The results of this study can be conclude that the creator of Dalang Pelo utilizes two social media which are currently widely used by the community. By converting these media strategically, they can get a high number of page views. Di era digital ini media baru seperti Instagram dan Youtube menjadi media yang paling banyak digemari remaja. Dengan kemunculan media baru ini membuat para konten kreator menggunakan Instagram dan Youtube sebagai tempat untuk menuangkan ide, kreatifitas serta mengunggah hasil karya mereka. Salah satu konten yang saat ini banyak diminati oleh masyarakat adalah konten animasi Dalang Pelo yang lucu dan menarik. Konten kreator yang membuat animasi tersebut adalah Nur Alif Ramadhan. Penulis tertarik untuk menganalisis video animasi Dalang Pelo karena saat ini banyak animasi yang serupa dengan kontennya, tetapi ia tetap mampu bersaing serta mempertahankan eksistensinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana publisher mendapatkan pageview tinggi di video Youtube Dalang Pelo. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Media Baru yang didalamnya berisi konsep traffic website, social traffic, dan page views tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pada penelitian ini penulis ingin mengetahui cara Dalang Pelo memanfaatkan  social traffic untuk meningkatkan page views di akun Instagram dan Youtube Dalang Pelo melalui wawancara, pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kreator Dalang Pelo memanfaat dua media sosial yang saat ini banyak digunakan masyarakat dengan cara mengkonvergensikan media tersebut sehingga bisa mendapatkan jumlah page view yang tinggi.
PERBANDINGAN SOAL HOTS DAN LOTS PADA UJIAN NASIONAL SEKOLAH DASAR SEDERAJAT DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Mahbubillah Uwais Bayquni , Sari Tita Tanjung , Meita Nisfil Maghfiroh
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan tingkat kesulitan tipe HOTS dan LOTS dalam bentuk persentase pada soal ujian nasional mata pelajaran Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dalam waktu tiga tahun terakhir (2016-2017, 2017-2018 dan 2018-2019). Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan pada mata pelajaran Matematika tahun 2016-2017 terdapat 16 soal berkriteria HOTS dan 24 berkriteria LOTS, tahun 2017-2018 terdapat 12 soal berkriteria HOTS dan 18 berkriteria LOTS, tahun 2018-2019 terdapat 14 soal berkriteria HOTS dan 16 berkriteria LOTS dan untuk mata pelajaran Ipa tahun 2016-2017 terdapat 15 soal berkriteria HOTS dan 25 berkriteria LOTS, tahun 2017-2018 terdapat 15 soal berkriteria HOTS dan 20 berkriteria LOTS, tahun 2018-2019 terdapat 17 soal berkriteria HOTS dan 18 berkriteria LOTS. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa soal berkriteria HOTS pada mata pelajaran Matematika tertinggi pada tahun 2016-2017 dengan 16 butir soal berkriteria HOTS sedangkan pada mata pelajaran Ipa tertinggi pada tahun 2018-2019 dengan 17 butir soal berkriteria HOTS.
The Influence of Internal Control Factors on the Perfomance Effectiveness of the Garment, Agricultural and Chemical Enterprises Listed on Vietnam’s Stock Market
Authors: Thuong Do Huy , Hong Nguyen Thi Phuong
Published: March 2020

The research focuses on analysing the impacts of internal control factors on the performance effectiveness of the garment, agricultural and chemical enterprises listed on Vietnam’s stock market. The research result shows that of the factors of Risk Assessment, Control Activities, Information and Communication, Monitoring and Control Environment, the factor of Information and Communication has the strongest effect on the performance effectiveness of the enterprises. Next to it is Risk Assessment, Control Environment and Monitoring. The factor of Control Activities has the least influence on the performance effectiveness of the enterprises.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN ULTIMAT TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Khomsiyah Khomsiyah , Lorentia Lisa
Published: March 2020

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of ultimate ownership on firm’s value of companies listed in indonesia stock exchange. Ultimate ownership is proxied by cash flows right and cash flows right leverage of the ultimate owner, while firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q. Sample of this research are 117 companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange with the study period of 2015 which are chosen by using purprosive sampling method. Multiple regression and hypotheses testing are used as the data analysis method in this research. The result of this research shows that cash flows right does not have influence on firm’s value, while cash flows right leverage has positive influence on firm’s value.
PENGARUH PENGALAMAN AUDITOR DAN TIME BUDGET PRESSURE TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DENGAN ETIKA AUDITOR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Putri Dessi Antika
Published: March 2020

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of Audit Experience and Time budget pressure on Audit Quality with Auditor Ethics as Moderation Variables. The population in this study are auditors who work at public accounting firms in DKI Jakarta. Sampling use convenience sampling totaling 125 respondents. The primary data collection method used was a questionnaire method. Data were analyzed using multiple regression with moderation. The results showed that the Auditor's Experience had a positive effect on Audit Quality, while Time budget pressure had a negative effect on Audit Quality. This study also shows that the Auditor Ethics as a moderating strengthens the positive influence between the Auditor's Experience on Audit Quality, while the Auditor Ethics as a moderating weakens the negative influence of Time budget pressure on Audit Quality.
Improvement in the LDPC Error Correction Process Based on FPGA Implementation
Authors: Aditia Tarigan , Purnamasari Rita , Saputra Efa Maydhona
Published: March 2020

LDPC is one of channel coding technique which can achieve the nearest to the shannon limit. The focus of this paper is to give improvement for LDPC error correcting process using message passing algorithm. This works used FPGA Cyclon II for implementing the process. This paper worked with two different LDPC matrix, matrix (8, 16) and matrix (24, 48). Matrix (24,48) had wc = 4 and wr = 8. Matrix (8, 16) had wc = 2 and wr = 4. The comparison of these two matrix would present the effects in the error correcting decision for message passing algorithm and the effect for implementing the algorithm on FPGA Cyclon II. This research purpose was to prove message passing algorithm can provide more than one bit error correction.
Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Using Combined Sequential Energy Detector and Cyclostationary Feature Detector
Authors: Poudel Santosh , Wijanto Heroe , Suratman Fiky Y.
Published: March 2020

In the following research, we derive a detector which is based on sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) and it uses Energy Detector (ED) which is followed by Cyclostationary Feature Detector (CFD). ED is a blind sensing technique and it is easy to implement while conceptually simple. However, it is highly affected by interference and noise uncertainties. Therefore, CFD is applied for fine sensing as research has shown that Cyclostationary Feature Detector is more suitable than the energy detection when noise uncertainties are unknown. Our method is novel in trying to derive a sequential Energy Detector and combine it with Cyclostationary Feature Detector for low SNR region where average sample number (ASN) as a random variable may take very high value to achieve a desired performance level for sequential Energy Detector. For this sequential Energy Detector is terminated after it reaches certain cut-off sample number, making it truncated sequential Energy Detector.
Fuzzy Logic as A Method of Decision Making in Automatic Watering Plants
Authors: Matha T. W. , Jati Agung Nugroho , Azmi F.
Published: March 2020

In this era of technology, the use of automatic control systems can provide some benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and safety compared to that of manual workmanship. This study tries to create a control system that can perform automatic plant watering system to help us in watering plants. In this study, weather forecast and weather shield are integrated with microcontroller as to gather weather information in the area around the plants. The information is then compared for decision making in automatic watering. This study is derived from the growing popularity of the hobby to grow plants in community. However, the constraint of time and distance in growing plants becomes one of the problems for people who are busy with their activities so that they do not have time for watering plants.
Polysubject ethnicity as a phenomenon of civilizational specificity of the Russian society
Authors: Kuchukov Magomed Musaevich
Published: March 2020

The interest to this topic is sparked by transformation of the role of ethnicity in modern world; ambiguity in interpretation of its content and transformation prospects; interest to the phenomenon of civilizational-imperial practices of structuring the ethnicity that allowed crisis-free coexistence of ethnoses for multiple centuries (Russian civilization); need for creation of a holistic picture of existence of the Russian ethnic space, coming to determination of the local peculiarities (North Caucasus). The research is focused on the problem of formation of tolerant ethnicity; the subject of analysis is the civilizational-imperial sociality that established conditions for the formation of consensual system for coexistence of ethnoses. This solves the problem of conceptualization of the possible social-historical subjectivity based on the ethnic phenomena and processes. The scientific novelty consists in the content and distinctness of the reviewed problems and acquired results: analysis of civilizational methods and tradition of coexistence of ethnoses in the conditions of uniform territorial organization of society; creation of the model of sociality when the ethnic phenomena exist being functional; acquired results in analysis of the system of coexistence of ethnoses emerged within the framework of civilizational-imperial paradigm of the organization of social life.
What Can Spine Surgeons Do to Improve Patient Care and Avoid Medical Negligence Suits?
Authors: Epstein Nancy E.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Why do patients sue following spine surgery? Here we reviewed some of the most frequent reasons for medical negligence suits against surgeons, adjunctive medical personnel, and or institutions/hospitals.

Methods:

Summarizing the multiple reasons for suits against spine surgeons, their colleagues/consultants, and hospitals should help surgeons identify the problems leading to suits, and improve patient care.

Results:

Several of the most common reasons for medical negligence suits include: lack of informed consent, ghost surgery, failure to diagnose and treat (e.g. including preoperative, perioperative, and post-surgical complications), performing unnecessarily risky, excessive and/or unnecessary surgery; failure to provide adequate postoperative care; absent or inadequate intraoperative neural physiological monitoring; and spoliation (e.g. fraudulent surgical, office, and/or hospital notes/records).

Conclusions:

There are many reasons why patients sue their spine surgeons. Being aware of the factors that lead to suits, spine surgeons should learn to provide better preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care, and, thus, limit perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Factors affecting serum lactate in patients with intracranial tumors – A report of our series and review of the literature
Authors: Ioannoni Eleonora , Grande Giuseppe , Olivi Alessandro , Antonelli Massimo , Caricato Anselmo , Montano Nicola
Published: March 2020

Background:

A hyperlactemia may occur in the presence of tissue hypoperfusion, in diseases affecting metabolism and in cases of malignant neoplasm. However, the factors affecting the serum lactate levels in patients submitted to craniotomy for the resection of an intracranial tumor have been investigated only marginally. Here, we assessed the factors possibly affecting the levels of serum lactate in intracranial tumors and carried out a thorough literature review on this topic.

Methods:

All patients submitted to elective craniotomy from January 2017 to August 2018 for the resection of a glioblastoma (GBM; 101 cases) and a benign meningioma (WHO I; 105 cases) were included in this study. The sex, age, histological diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes were assessed as possible factors affecting the level of the preoperative and postoperative serum lactate in these patients.

Results:

We found that preoperative hyperlactemia (> 2 mmol/l) was more frequent in patients with GBM than in patients with meningioma (P = 0.0003). Moreover, a strong correlation between a preoperative lactemia and postoperative lactemia (P < 0.0001) was observed. On univariate analysis, we found increased preoperative serum lactate levels in GBM patients (P = 0.0022) and in patients with a BMI ≥30 (P = 0.0068). Postoperative serum lactate levels were significantly higher in GBM patients (P = 0.0003). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a diagnosis of GBM was an independent factor for higher level of preoperative (P = 0.0005) and postoperative (P < 0.0001) serum lactate.

Conclusion:

The malignant phenotype of GBM is the strongest factor associated with a pre- and postoperative hyperlactemia in patients submitted to craniotomy for the resection of an intracranial tumor.
SNI case of the week: Initial concomitant use of gabapentin, clonidine, and prednisone may enhance suicidal ideation: A case report
Authors: Ghaly Ramsis F. , Plesca Ana , Candido Kenneth D. , Knezevic Nebojsa Nick
Published: March 2020

Background:

Suicide cases are the end product of a combination of biological, clinical, psychological, social, and cultural risk/protective factors, and attempts to remain unpredictable.

Case Description:

A 43-year-old male presented to the hospital with jaundiced skin/eyes of 7 days’ duration. He had a history of a major depressive disorder and chronic alcohol consumption (e.g., 3–5 alcoholic drinks/day for the past 15 years). Studies documented acute hepatic disease (e.g., biopsy-documented hepatocellular alcoholic hepatitis), accompanied by a cholestatic disease. The patient was discharged on clonidine, iron multivitamin, folic acid, gabapentin, and prednisone. Eight days postdischarge from the hospital, he committed suicide (e.g., self- inflicted gunshot wound to the head).

Conclusion:

Concomitant administration of gabapentin, prednisone, and clonidine, especially if used for the first time, may play a synergistic effect in increasing a patient’s suicide risk.
Cambiarenes: Single-Step Synthesis and Anion Binding of a Clip- Shaped Macrocycle with a Redox-Active Core
Authors: Petersen Riley J. , Rozeboom Brett J. , Oburn Shalisa , Blythe Nolan , Rathje Tanner , Luna Javier , Kibby Steven , O'Brien Emily , Rohr Kayleigh , Carpenter Joshua , Sanders Taylor , Johnson Andrew , Hutchins Kristin , Shaw Scott , MacGillivray Leonard , Wackerly Jay
Published: March 2020

We report the synthesis of a novel macrocyclic host molecule that forms in a single step from commercially available starting materials. The core of the macrocycle backbone possesses two quinone rings and, thus, is redox-active. Host-guest binding involving the clip-shaped cavity indicates selective binding of pyridine N-oxides based of the electron density of and steric bulk of the anionic oxygen.
Dampak Pertumbuhan Penduduk Terhadap Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian di Kabupaten Cirebon Tahun 2010-2016
Authors: Indrianawati - , Mahdiyyah Nadhiya D
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAKKabupaten Cirebon merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang mempunyai jumlah penduduk cukup besar. Dari tahun 2010 hingga 2016, terjadi peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Kabupaten Cirebon yang mengakibatkan adanya peningkatan kebutuhan lahan dan banyak terjadi alih fungsi lahan di daerah yang dekat dengan pusat pemerintahan dan pusat pertumbuhan kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan jumlah penduduk terhadap alih fungsi lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Cirebon antara tahun 2010 ke tahun 2016. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui dampak tersebut adalah korelasi. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan koefisien korelasi antara laju pertumbuhan penduduk dengan alih fungsi lahan pertanian dapat diketahui bahwa pertumbuhan penduduk memiliki dampak yang kecil terhadap alih fungsi lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2010-2016. Pengaruh dari faktor pertumbuhan penduduk terhadap alih fungsi lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2010-2016 adalah sebesar 12%.Kata kunci: pertumbuhan penduduk, alih fungsi lahan, korelasiABSTRACTCirebon Regency is one of the regencies in West Java Province that has a quite large population. From 2010 to 2016, there was an increase of population in Cirebon Regency which resulted in the increase in land needs and a lot of land conversion in areas close to the government center and the city growth center. This study aims to determine the impact of changes in population on the conversion of agricultural land in Cirebon Regency between 2010 and 2016. The method used to determine these impacts is correlation. Based on the calculation of the correlation coefficient between the rate of population growth and the conversion of agricultural land, it can be known that population growth has a small impact on the conversion of agricultural land in Cirebon Regency in 2010-2016. The effect of population growth factors on the conversion of agricultural land in Cirebon Regency in 2010-2016 was 12%.Keywords: population growth, land conversion, correlation
Rahoza. Przyczynek do dziejów kancelarii i dworu wielkich książąt litewskich w epoce Witolda
Authors: Polechow Sergiej
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to Rahoza, a man appearing several times in the milieu of grand duke Švitrigaila (Świdrygiełło) of Lithuania during his reign in Vilnius (1430–1432). Since his origins were unknown, and his name’s ethymology is Ruthenian, I tended to suppose that he came to Lithuania together with Švitrigaila from the Chernigov land where he had ruled in 1420–1430. However, a new source was found among the papers of the Königsberg archive (nowadays preserved in Berlin), a summary of grand duke Vytautas’ letter to grand master of the Teutonic Order Michael Küchmeister written in 1418, which mentions Rahoza as the supreme Ruthenian scribe („obirster Ruwssche Schreiber”) of the grand‑ducal chancery. This mention sheds an important light on the structure and organization of the Ruthenian department of this chancery. It allowed to reveal one more mention of Rahoza, namely his „signature” in a shortened form on Vytautas’ document of donation for Sanko in Podillya (Podole), issued in 1424.
Kilka marginalnych uwag w sprawie statusu prawnego Sobiesławiców przed 1227 r.
Authors: Smoliński Marek
Published: March 2020

Research into the feudal status of the rulers of Pomerelia from the Samboride dynasty and the terminology describing it has been engaging scholars already since the 19th century. In 1227 Leszek the White was assassinated and the duke of Gdańsk‑Pomerelia Świętopełk declared himself independent from the state of the Piasts. There is no agreement among researchers on whether before 1227 Świętopełk’s dynasty should be considered governors coming from the Polish knights and promoted by the Piasts during the time of Bolasław III Wrymouth’s conquest of Pomerania, or whether they should be perceived as local Pomeranian dukes coerced into submission. In the hitherto debate for both sides an important role has been played by the term princeps (equivalent of the German Fürst). In this paper the author attempts to reveal the interpretation error consisting in the assumption that this term was used in Poland and Pomerania interchangeably with the term dux, duke. Meanwhile, it seems that, like in the states of the German Reich, the term princeps meant a civil servant who was granted his office along with the state land he was to manage by a higher ruler. Taking such an office was not always related to noble birth and social position, which in the feudal society was guaranteed by the hereditary ducal title. Among the German princeps there were both archbishops and bishops as well as laymen: dukes, margraves, landgraves, and even counts. Other evidence, also discussed in the paper, points to the origin of the Samborides from the ducal dynasty. This includes the use of the ducal title by Mestwin I. Forgeries of documents from before 1227 also suggest that the title was used by Mestwin’s sons: Sambor II and Racibor.
Genealogia pierwszych pokoleń Działyńskich
Authors: Szybkowski Sobiesław
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the author succeeded in correcting specific assertions of particular researchers of the genealogy of the first generations of the Działyński family of the Ogon coat of arms, which in the late Middle Ages became one of the magnate families and maintained its high position in the modern times as well (i.a., the issue of the alleged wife of Chamberlain Piotr of Działyń, the background of the wife of the Słońsk castellan Jan Działyński of Wola and Żałe). The most significant achievement, however, was the correction regarding the genealogy of Mikołaj Działyński, who died in 1491 – the first representative of the family who became a provincial governor and was the forefather of its main line. According to the conducted research, he was most likely not the son of the family’s progenitor, the Dobrzyń chamberlain Piotr (died in 1441–1441), but his grandson. as the father of the provincial governor Mikołaj we identify Mikołaj of Działyń, noted in source texts only once (1442), 22 years before his son’s activity was first recorded in any documents. The Marienburg treasurer (podskarbi) Krzysztof, who also used the Ogon coat of arms, was not, however, as was suggested before, part of the Działyński family; he probably came from an average noble family of the owners (tenutarius?) of the Celina village in the Dobrzyń land.
The so‑called “council of eight” in the summer campaign of 1410
Authors: Wróbel Dariusz
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the issue of the functioning of a narrow group of royal advisors – the so‑called “council of eight” during the summer campaign of 1410, about which Jan Długosz wrote in his chronicle. Several days after entering the Prussian territory, the king chose from among all his advisors eight trusted people led by Vytautas the Great. The circumstances in which this group was selected allow to perceive the king’s decision as a remedial measure against the difficulties in the realisation of the campaign plan. These people were chosen due to their influence with the nobility and their importance in the king’s environment. Other criteria – political allegiance, territorial origin – played a secondary role. The main idea of selecting this narrow group of advisors was to improve the efficiency of the decision‑making process in the time of war. Its functioning was visible in the key moments of the campaign (councils before and after the Battle of Grunwald, talks with Heinrich von Plauen, decision to stop the siege of Marienburg). Most of the members were given management over the castles won in Prussia from the king. This exclusive group was dissolved with the end of the summer campaign.
Dwa przekazy źródłowe dotyczące testamentów z terenu władztwa zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach (podszpitalnika w Pasłęku z 1453 r. i prokuratora w Lochstädt z około 1476 r.)
Authors: Kubicki Rafał
Published: March 2020

The study includes an edition of two source texts from the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in Berlin‑Dahlem (Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz) regarding the wills and testaments of a spitler in Pasłęk Hans Osterreich from 1453 and a pfleger in Lochstädt Hans von Köckeritz from around 1476. Unfortunately, preserved source texts of this type are sparse. This is why historians’ research into last wills is focused mainly on wills and testaments drawn up by townspeople. Both texts illustrate both the very procedurę of drawing up a will and testament by people appointed by the Teutonic Order, which required the approval of the Grand Master (the spitler), as well as specific information about the personal assets of the Order’s officials and their social environment (the pfleger). Because of this they could be important for further research into the functioning of the lower offices of the Order and the changes in the way of enforcing the principles of the possession and management of personal property by people serving these functions.
Ciało mitu. Piłsudski Brunona Schulza
Authors: Kącka Eliza
Published: March 2020

The present paper focuses above all on a variant of the legend of Józef Piłsudski presented by Bruno Schulz in his literary works. It is definitely not the best known literary incarnation of the myth of Polish First Marshall, neither is it the most quoted one, like excerpts from  General Barcz by Józef Kaden-Bandrowski or from Jan Lechoń’s book of poetry Silver and Black [Srebrne i czarne]. Still, Schulz gives us a very interesting analysis of the formation of this legend, and we can find in it Schulz’s own approach and style. His views on the formation of this legend are in fact ahistorical, free of the specific context. When he writes that “unbelievable historic maturity was incarnated in this man,” he is closer to heroic narration rather than sociological analysis. It is not a coincidence then that Schulz’s sense of historic moment is intertwined with his understanding of myth and his literary mythology. The author of The Street of Crocodiles worked on his essay “How Legends Come Into Being” [Jak powstają legendy] when he was finishing “Spring,” which brings the two texts closer and gives a historical incentive for a parallel reading of both, which is also justified by their content. Schulz puts Piłsudski in his own symbolic domain and makes him an agent/actor of his own narration. The problem of his individual importance or eminence is confronted with the views of Thomas Carlyle and Edmund Burke. The aim of the paper’s author is not just a close reading of Schulz’s text, but juxtaposing it with a few other analyses of the phenomena of birth, rise, and death of the legend. Karol Irzykowski was one of the most clear-headed analysts of those processes and that is why his views are quoted in the fragments devoted to a “socio-cultural process” which he treated not as an esoteric phenomenon but as a conscious strategy of influencing people. A short analysis of the quotation from Piłsudski about the role of legends and the oppressiveness of the legendary discourse in Polish culture is also important. Piłsudski, who understood the vampirical character of legends, became a prisoner of Schulz’s creative imagination in his essay.
Ucieleśnione sytuacje komunikacyjne w prozie Brunona Schulza
Authors: Tomczok Paweł
Published: March 2020

The topic of the paper is the problem of the embodiment of communication in Bruno Schulz’s fiction. According to a number of critics, such as Wojciech Wyskiel, Krzysztof Kłosiński, Włodzimierz Bolecki, and Andrzej Sulikowski, in Schulz’s short stories communication by dialog is hardly present. The author proposes a different approach to the problem, based on a key role of the corporeal conditions of communication. Reading Schulz, one must identify the point of view from which individual texts are written, usually unspecified by some named character (most often the “Father”), but depending on the body which performs various actions or perceives the world in a definite way. Thus, to understand Schulz’s fiction it does not make sense to focus on dialogs, but instead the reader should recognize and analyze a bodily perspective, both sensual and affective, i.e. its strata that are particularly well rooted in the basic cognitive abilities. Next to those sensual and affective perspectives, the narration is also determined by higher cognitive skills, such as memory and the ability to pass value judgments. Still, they do not contribute to one coherent perspective, but rather reveal that the narrational subject of the story has been “patched” or made of various perspectives – the child’s body sees and feels, while the subject that remembers and speaks is definitely an adult. This refers in particular to the “Father” figure, behind which the writer concealed in many passages the experience and behavior of the child. A context for such an interpretation can be found in the works of Jean Piaget from the 1920s, analyzing the child’s animism and polemical against the Cartesian concept of the subject, as well as today’s proposals referring to Graham Harman’s speculative realism and childhood studies. However, the Schulzean model of the child’s metaphysics has little to do with utopia – it is rather an insight in some kind of universal suffering of the matter, as in the case of the panopticon figures which turn out to be embodied cases of misunderstanding. The child’s retreat from the communication with adults also implies many problems. That troubled communication seems to be a condition of deep reception.
Schulz niesceniczny?
Authors: Hoppe Balbina
Published: March 2020

Many theater reviewers consider Cinnamon Shops and the Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass to be unspecific, impossible to translate into the language of the theater. Paradoxically, Schulz's theater reception is still growing, new performances, happenings and performances are created. The question arises whether today, in the era of post-dramatic theater, there is still a category such as “indecency” or should literary works be divided into those that can be shown in the theater and those that are not suitable for it. The article confronts the embarrassing concept of “indecency” on the example of Bruno Schulz's prose. It juxtaposes the harmful voices of critics with the rich theatrical reception of his work. It is an attempt to cleanse Schulz's work of accusations of indecency as a category now obsolete, anachronistic.
Ono
Authors: Groddeck Georg , Zatorski Tadeusz
Published: March 2020

Polish translation of two chapters from Georg Groddeck's epistolary novel Das Buch vom Es (1923).