bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patency of the ophthalmic artery after flow diversion treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms
Authors: Puffer Ross C. , Kallmes David F. , Cloft Harry J. , Lanzino Giuseppe
Published: January 2012

Object

In this study the authors determined the patency rate of the ophthalmic artery (OphA) after placement of 1 or more flow diversion devices across the arterial inlet for treatment of proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms, and correlated possible risk factors for OphA occlusion.

Methods

Nineteen consecutive patients were identified (mean age 53.9 years, range 23–74 years, all female) who were treated for 20 ICA aneurysms. In all patients a Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) was placed across the ostium of the OphA while treating the target aneurysm. Flow through the OphA after PED placement was determined by immediate angiography as well as follow-up angiograms (mean 8.7 months), compared with the baseline study. Potential risk factors for OphA occlusion, including age, immediate angiographic flow through the ophthalmic branch, status of flow within the aneurysm after placement of PEDs, whether the ophthalmic branch originated from the aneurysm dome, and number of PEDs placed across the ophthalmic branch inlet were correlated with patency rate.

Results

Patients were treated with 1–3 PEDs (3 aneurysms treated with placement of 1 PED, 12 with 2 PEDs, and 5 with 3 PEDs). In 17 (85%) of 20 treated aneurysms, no changes in the OphA flow were noted immediately after placement of the device. Two (10%) of 20 patients had delayed antegrade filling immediately following PED placement and 1 patient (5%) had retrograde flow from collaterals to the OphA immediately after placement of the device. One patient (5%) experienced delayed asymptomatic ICA occlusion; this patient was excluded from analysis at follow-up. At follow-up the OphA remained patent with normal antegrade flow in 13 (68%) of 19 patients, patent but with slow antegrade flow in 2 patients (11%), and was occluded in 4 patients (21%). No visual changes or clinical symptoms developed in patients with OphA flow compromise. The mean number of PEDs in the patients with occluded OphAs or change in flow at angiographic follow-up was 2.4 (SEM 0.2) compared with 1.9 (SEM 0.18) in the patients with no change in OphA flow (p = 0.09). There was no significant difference between the patients with occluded OphAs compared with nonoccluded branches based on patient age, immediate angiographic flow through the ophthalmic branch, status of flow through the aneurysm after placement of PEDs, whether the ophthalmic branch originated from the aneurysm dome, or number of PEDs placed across the ophthalmic branch inlet.

Conclusions

Approximately one-quarter of OphAs will undergo proximal thrombosis when covered with flow diversion devices. Even though these events were well-tolerated clinically, our findings suggest that coverage of branch arteries that have adequate collateral circulation may lead to spontaneous occlusion of those branches.
The Moral Status of Artificial Life
Authors: Baertschi Bernard
Published: January 2012

Recently at the J. Craig Venter Institute, a microorganism has been created through synthetic biology. In the future, more complex living beings will very probably be produced. In our natural environment, we live amongst a whole variety of beings. Some of them have moral status – they have a moral importance and we cannot treat them in just any way we please –; some do not. When it becomes possible to create artificially living beings who naturally possess moral status, will this artificiality modify their status? Many people contend that it will, but I am not of the same mind and will develop three arguments against it.
The Value of Artefactual Organisms
Authors: Sandler Ronald
Published: January 2012

Synthetic biology makes use of genetic and other materials derived from modern biological life forms to design and construct novel synthetic organisms. Artificial organisms are not constructed from parts of existing biological organisms, but from non-biological materials. Artificial and synthetic organisms are artefactual organisms. Here we are concerned with the non-instrumental value of such organisms. More specifically, we are concerned with the extent to which artefactual organisms have natural value, inherent worth and intrinsic value. Our conclusions are largely supportive of the value of artefactual organisms. However, they do not constitute a comprehensive ethical evaluation of them.
A Chitosan Induced 9-Lipoxygenase in Adelostemma gracillimum Seedlings
Authors: Li Jing , Zhao Pei-Ji , Ma Chang-Le , Zeng Ying
Published: January 2012

Oxylipins generated by the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway play an important role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. In chitosan-treated Adelostemma gracillimum seedlings, obvious accumulation of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins, namely 9,10,11-trihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid, was detected. Using degenerate primers, a LOX-specific fragment putatively encoding LOX was obtained by RT-PCR, and a 2.9-kb full-length cDNA named AgLOX1 was isolated by RACE from chitosan-induced A. gracillimum seedlings. Genomic Southern analysis implied that there was only one copy of AgLOX1 in the A. gracillimum genome. AgLOX1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was partially purified. The enzyme converted linoleic and linolenic acids almost exclusively to their 9-hydroperoxides. AgLOX1 encoded a 9-lipoxygenase. Northern blot analysis indicated that chitosan-induced AgLOX1 transcript accumulation peaked at 8 h after initiation of treatment, whereas trihydroxy derivatives accumulation was highest at 24 h after elicitation. Results showed that chitosan-induced AgLOX1 encoded a 9-lipoxygenase potentially involved in the defense response through 9-LOX pathway leading to biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds in A. gracillimum seedlings.
Metal-Exchanged β Zeolites as Catalysts for the Conversion of Acetone to Hydrocarbons
Authors: Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J. , Esquivel Dolores , Jiménez-Sanchidrián César , Romero-Salguero Francisco J.
Published: January 2012

Various metal-β zeolites have been synthesized under similar ion-exchange conditions. During the exchange process, the nature and acid strength of the used cations modified the composition and textural properties as well as the Brönsted and Lewis acidity of the final materials. Zeolites exchanged with divalent cations showed a clear decrease of their surface Brönsted acidity and an increase of their Lewis acidity. All materials were active as catalysts for the transformation of acetone into hydrocarbons. Although the protonic zeolite was the most active in the acetone conversion (96.8% conversion), the metal-exchanged zeolites showed varied selectivities towards different products of the reaction. In particular, we found the Cu-β to have a considerable selectivity towards the production of isobutene from acetone (over 31% yield compared to 7.5% of the protonic zeolite). We propose different reactions mechanisms in order to explain the final product distributions.
FPGA Implementation for Real-Time Background Subtraction Based on Horprasert Model
Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez Rafael , Fernandez-Sanchez Enrique J. , Diaz Javier , Ros Eduardo
Published: January 2012

Background subtraction is considered the first processing stage in video surveillance systems, and consists of determining objects in movement in a scene captured by a static camera. It is an intensive task with a high computational cost. This work proposes an embedded novel architecture on FPGA which is able to extract the background on resource-limited environments and offers low degradation (produced because of the hardware-friendly model modification). In addition, the original model is extended in order to detect shadows and improve the quality of the segmentation of the moving objects. We have analyzed the resource consumption and performance in Spartan3 Xilinx FPGAs and compared to others works available on the literature, showing that the current architecture is a good trade-off in terms of accuracy, performance and resources utilization. With less than a 65% of the resources utilization of a XC3SD3400 Spartan-3A low-cost family FPGA, the system achieves a frequency of 66.5 MHz reaching 32.8 fps with resolution 1,024 x 1,024 pixels, and an estimated power consumption of 5.76 W.
Nurses’ Perceptions of and Participation in Continuing Nursing Education: Results From a Study of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses in Bahrain
Authors: Al-Majid Sadeeka , Al-Majed Hashmiya , Rakovski Cyril S. , Otten Rebecca A.
Published: January 2012

Background:

Although many psychiatric hospital nurses in Bahrain attend at least one continuing nursing education (CNE) activity per year, many others do not. This study explored these nurses’ perceptions of CNE and factors that promote or hinder participation in CNE activities.

Methods:

A descriptive design was used to gather data from a convenience sample of 200 nurses working at the psychiatric hospital in Bahrain.

Results:

Nurses believed that CNE improved the quality of patient care and patient outcomes, increased nurses’ knowledge and skills, and kept them current with advances in nursing. Participation in CNE was hindered by unavailability of CNE activities related to psychiatric nursing.

Conclusion:

The majority of nurses had positive perceptions of CNE. Their participation was hindered by unavailability of CNE activities related to psychiatric nursing. Those responsible for planning continuing education in Bahrain should consider these findings when planning future CNE activities.
Optical Properties of Ta2O5/SiO2 Antireflection Coating System
Authors: Sun Shao Ni , Xie Li Yang , Zhang Yi Chen , Huang Ying
Published: January 2012

The Ta2O5/SiO2 Multi-layer Antireflection Coating Is Prepared on K9 Glass by RF Magnetron Sputtering Technology in the Experiment. the Growth Parameters Are Changed to Get Multi-layer Antireflection Film with Good Optical Properties. in the Technical Research, the Influence of Various Growth Parameters, Including Working Pressure, Oxygen Content, Substrate Temperature, Etc., on the Optical Properties and Structures of the Coatings Are Studied. Optical Properties and Morphological Features such as Surface, Structure Are Investigated by UV-VIS Spectrophotometer and AFM, Respectively. the Detecting Results Further Verify the Important Influences of Proper Growth Parameters on Optical Properties of Antireflection Coating.
An Intelligent Fire-Detection Method Based on Image Processing
Authors: Lin Ming Xiu , Chen Wen Lin , Liu Bao Song , Hao Li Na
Published: January 2012

How to explore higher efficient and more credible fire-detection system by rapid development of computer and image processing techniques has aroused public’s extensive attention. To achieve fully automatic surveillance of fires, an intelligent fire detection method based on a multi-stage decision strategy of image processing is proposed. Both static and dynamic characteristics of the fire images sequence are considered. First of all time difference is used to process the gray-scale image to obtain the moving region in the scene, secondly apply color segmentation to get the ROI of fire region, thirdly shape features such as randomness of area size, edge likelihood are calculated to avoid some interference, at last the polygonal and irregular characters of flame like sharp corners and circularity are used to identified the fire. Experimental result shows the Fire-detection method presented in this paper could detect fire in the image sequence effectively, and it is capable of distinguishing Environmental light changes, background color interference and light false identification. Multi-stage decision strategy can improve the algorithm performance and reduce false-alarm rate. The proposed method has broad application prospects in the important military, social security, forest-fire alarm, commercial applications, and so on.
Neural Measures Reveal Human Short-Term Working Memory–Varying Both Load and Cue Size
Authors: Zhang Ning Ning , Wang Hong
Published: January 2012

The objective of the study was to investigate neural processing during short-term visual working memory task under different memory load and cue size. Two or four items of the same sign but in different colors were presented on both sides of the screen, in which cues were applied as an indicator. Participants were cued to remember the colors of one side and then make a quickly response to the test sample. On the performance level, responses accuracy decreased with the increasing numbers of working memory loads. The response time increased with the increasing numbers of working memory load. The response time latency to the big cue was larger than that of the small cue. On the neural processing level, the high-load stimuli could arouse a more negative wave than the low-load stimuli.
Lifting Objects with Power-Assist: Weight-Perception-Based Force Control Concepts to Improve Maneuverability
Authors: Rahman S.M. Mizanoor , Ikeura Ryojun , Hayakawa Soichiro , Yu Hao Yong
Published: January 2012

We developed a 1-DOF power assist robot system to lift objects of different sizes by human subjects. We adopted a hypothesis that weight perception due to inertia might be different from that due to gravity when lifting an object with a power assist robot because the human feels a difference between the actual weight and the perceived weight of the object. We included this hypothesis in the robot dynamics. We then discussed the suitability of force control for the robot for lifting objects and developed several weight-perception-based force control strategies. These force control strategies may be compared to previously developed position control strategies, and the comparison results may help determine appropriate control for the robot to achieve desired maneuverability. The results, as a whole, may help develop human-friendly power assist devices to handle heavy objects in various industries.
Comparison of Critical Speeds of a Rotor System with Different Types of Finite Elements
Authors: Ma Hui , Zuo Hao , Tai Xing Yu , Wen Bang Chun
Published: January 2012

The critical speeds of all kinds of high-speed rotors must be calculated in project so that all rotors can work in the safe range of speeds and avoid resonance. A single-span-two-disc rotor system is investigated by using finite element method based on ANSYS. Natural frequencies are calculated by using beam, solid, mass, shell, beam-solid, beam-shell elements and critical speeds are obtained from Campbell diagram. Finally, the first and second critical speeds are measured by a test rig. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results is performed to assess the accuracy of different element combining forms.
The Modal Analysis of Rotor-Rolling Bearing-Base System
Authors: Li Xue Jun , Yao Bai Hui
Published: January 2012

Takes the comprehensive fault simulation testbed of Spectra Quest as an object, the finite element model of rotor-rolling bearing-base system is constructed by finite element analysis software ANSYS. Modes of rotor-rolling bearing system and rotor-rolling bearing-base system are analysed, the influence of base is researched by comparing their natural frequency and vibration mode. The influence of bearing rigidity to system mode is studied by comparing the natural frequency of rotor-rolling bearing-base system with different bearing rigidity.
Cellulose Whiskers Micro-Fibers Effect in the Mechanical Proprieties of PP and PLA Composites Fibers Obtained by Spinning Process
Authors: Gherissi A. , Cheikh R.Ben , Dévaux E. , Abbassi Fethi
Published: January 2012

In this study, we present the manufacturing process of two new composites materials in the form of long fibers of polylactic-acid (PLA) or polypropylene (PP), reinforced by cellulose whiskers micro-fibers loads. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of these advanced materials, a several uniaxial tensile tests were carried out. The PP and the PLA have initially been spinning without the addition of cellulose whiskers micro-fibers. In order to study the effects of cellulose whiskers micro-fibers reinforcements in the Mechanical behavior of the PLA and PP filaments, we determinate the proprieties of these advanced material from the tensile results. For the PP composite filaments material case, the whiskers reinforcement increases Young's modulus and failure resistance, but it reduces the limit strength failure. For the PLA composites the addition of 1% wt of cellulose whiskers from the total volume fraction of the material, increase the Young’s modulus more than 50% and a decrease of the failure resistance and the limit strength of composite. The obtained composites fibers are very rigid and brittle. What follows, that the addition of cellulose whiskers micro fibers in PP matrix, provides mechanical properties more convenient compared to the PLA matrix.
Residual Stresses in a Ceramic-Metal Composite
Authors: Cazajus V. , Seguy Sébastien , Welemane Hélène , Karama Moussa
Published: January 2012

The work of this study concerns the fine modelling of the thermomechanical and metallurgical behavior of interface ceramic-metal in order to determine the residual mechanical state of the structures during brazing process. For these cases, difficulties mainly arise in the modelling of the solid-solid phase transformations as well as in the modelling of the mechanical behavior of the multiphasic material. Within an original theoretical framework - generalized standard materials with internal constraints – we proposed models for the behavior of multiphasic material. The design of joints in engineering structures and the optimisation of the industrial brazing process require determining and analysing such a phenomenon. In this way, the present work aims at predicting the thermally induced stresses (localisation and level) through numerical simulations and then, at defining the main parameters which influence their development
Study of Mechanical Behavior of Concrete in Direct Tensile Fiber Chips
Authors: Bouafia Youcef , Kachi M. Said , Atlaoui Djamel , Djebali Said
Published: January 2012

In this experimental study, we are interested in local fiber wavy chips derived from waste machining steel parts. This work has focused on studying the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete, with this type of fiber, in direct tensile. Direct tensile tests were carried out on samples in free weights section and square (100x100) mm2. This test involves the design and the implementation of special mounting specimens on the tensile machine type Ibertest. Five (05) fibers percentages were retained in (W = 0.5%. W = 0.8%, W = 1%, W = 1.2%, W = 1.5% with W: volume fraction of added fiber) and two (02) concrete witness whose report on gravel sand is equal to: S / G = 0.8 and S / G = 1. The fibers have been characterized to the strength and tear by the tensile test. The interest lies in optimizing the fiber length and the number of undulations to use in a cement matrix, which will improve the mechanical properties especially tensile strength and post-cracking behavior. The comparison of different results obtained in direct tension on different percentages of fiber, as well as two reports showed that the fibers have conferred a significant ductility to the material after cracking of concrete for different percentages of fiber and a strength for improving the S / G = 0.8.
RETRACTED: Study on the Effect of Sewage Concentration on Treatment Efficiency of Artificial Wetland of Plateau Lake
Authors: Ling Zhen , Yang Ju Rui , Hu Ji Min , Yu Guo Rong , Cheng Hao Liang
Published: January 2012

Retracted article: Contrast experiments on the effect of concentration of the total phosphorus(TP) on treatment efficiency of artificial wetland are carried out through changing TP concentration of influent water into surface flow(SF) and subsurface flow(SSF) wetlands and growing six plants (purple-leaf canna, water onion, water hyacinth, oenanthe javanica, calamus, reed). Treatment efficiencies of SF and SSF wetlands with the six plants varying with TP concentration change are analyzed, and some indexes of purifying function of SF and SSF wetlands with six plants including theoretically optimum treatment concentrations and removal efficiencies, actual optimum treatment concentrations and removal efficiencies, and TP maximum daily treatment loads, are obtained. The experimental results show that, TP removal efficiencies of SF and SSF wetlands with the six plants decrease with the increases of TP concentrations, different plants have different levels of treatment efficiency reduction, and the reduction of removal efficiency of SSF wetland is smaller than that of SF wetland. Removal efficiency of water hyacinth is little changed with the increase of TP concentration, and treatment efficiencies of SF and SSF wetlands decrease by 1.61% and 1.12% respectively. Removal efficiency of Canna is obvious changed, and treatment efficiencies of SF and SSF wetlands decrease by 2.94% and 2.55% respectively. Purple leaf cama had the least changes in the decrease of removal rate, and the table stream processing rate decreased by 17.07%, and subsurface flow by 15.94%. The decrease in the removal rate of reed was clear and its table stream processing rate decreased by 20.86% and wubsurface flow by 18.2%. The actual optimum removal efficiency of SF wetland with water hyacinth is the largest of these SF wetlands’ and reaches 85.2%, and its corresponding maximum daily treatment load of TP is 81g /( d • m2). But the actual optimal removal efficiency of SF wetland with oenanthe javanica is the smallest of these SF wetlands’ and is 76.88%, and its corresponding maximum daily treatment load of TP is 51.84g/( d • m2). The actual optimum removal efficiency of SSF wetland with water hyacinth is also the largest of these SSF wetlands’ and is just 88.31%, and its corresponding maximum daily treatment load of TP is 102.6g/( d • m2). The actual optimum removal efficiency of SSF wetland with cama is the smallest of these SSF wetlands’ and is only 78.32%, and its corresponding maximum daily treatment load is 55.2g/( d • m2).
An Experimental Study on Material and Structural Properties of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)
Authors: Yang Jian , Li Zhen , Du Qiang
Published: January 2012

An experimental study was carried out to examine the material and structural properties of a new type of structural insulated panel (SIP) comprising the plywood board as facial panels and the Styrofoam as the core material. Material properties were characterized by subjecting specimens to bending, compression, tension and double shear tests. SIP specimens, both in small-scale and prototype sizes, were tested under bending, racking and axial loads respectively. This paper will report these tests and the obtained results.
Influence of Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete on Shear Behavior of Prestressed RC Beams
Authors: Shen Jie , Yurtdas Ismail , Diagana Cheikhna , Li Alex
Published: January 2012

The shear behavior of prestressed self-compacting concrete (SCC) beams has been investigated in this study. The effect of compressive strength of SCC on the shear strength has been taken into account in test program. Based on the experimental data, the failure mechanism of the prestressed SCC beams was discussed and the shear transfer mechanism of the RC beam after the flexure-shear cracking was also analyzed.
Structural Defects of Existing RC Buildings in Eskisehir Province
Authors: Cengiz A.Emre , Güney Yücel , Kaplan Onur , Topçu Ahmet , Özçelikörs Yunus , Ekin Erk
Published: January 2012

In this study, structural defects of existing 709 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Eskisehir Province were represented. Structural defects such as gaps between adjacent buildings, strong beam-weak column, mezzanine floor, short column, corner column, discontinuous frame, anchorage beams, long span, segregation, corrosion, inconvenient column/beam lateral reinforcement, low concrete strength and inconvenient steel reinforcement were determined in the study. It was determined that %35 of existing buildings have discontinuous frame, %16 of them have long span problem. It was also observed that nearly %40 of the buildings have no column/beam lateral reinforcement and %70 of them have inadequate gaps.
Explosive Compaction of Sand Foundation: Laboratory Test
Authors: Qu Jun Tong , Ran Zhi Hong , Miao Sheng
Published: January 2012

The charge weight, charge placement (in profile) and depth of charges are important factors in design of Explosive Compaction for saturated loose sand. Six laboratory tests have been conducted to investigate the potential of charge weight, charge placement (in profile) and depth of charge in blast densification, Concentrated Charge has adopted in two of them, the others are Decked or Tiered Charges. Variation of cone penetration tests and ground profile changes were measured. The results of laboratory tests prove the decked and tiered charges are more effective for ground treatment in explosive compaction, more specifically, the more uniform distribution of energy input, the more effective for ground treatment. However, the effective limits of these relationships have not been well defined in qualitative guidance.
Relationships between Resonant Frequency and some Dynamic Properties of Marble and Brick Waste-Substituted Concrete
Authors: Kirgiz Mehmet Serkan
Published: January 2012

The present research determines the relationships between resonant frequency and some dynamic properties of concrete. Based on the research, new relationship equations are offered. The resonant frequency method is used to measure the resonant frequency of concrete samples from which a dynamic module of elasticity, a dynamic ratio of Poisson, and a dynamic module of shear are computed. Marble or brick waste substituted concrete in samples with water-cement ratios of 0.60 and 0.70 are cured in water and measured at 90 days.
Seismic Behaviors of Suspend Dome Structure
Authors: Zhang Qing , Cao Jing , Song Zhi Gang , Gui Yue , Huang Cheng Wei
Published: January 2012

As a new type of structural form, the suspend dome structure combines both advantages of the single layer reticulated shell structure and the cable dome structure. The anti-seismic performance of suspend dome have been analyzed by employing a computational model of the Kiewitt suspend dome with 40m span．The different seismic behaviors of time history analysis and response spectrum analysis are analyzed and compared. Some valuable conclusions are drawn for practical design. The results of anti-seismic analysis indicated that the components of the structure were in the elastic period，and had a good anti-seismic performance under 8 degree（0.2g）earthquake.
A Parametric Study of the Reinforced Concrete Slab Subjected to Dynamic Excitation
Authors: Ahmed Saddam M. , Umarani Gunasekaran , MacRae Gregory A.
Published: January 2012

The width of effective slab to estimate the beam flexural strength at the beam ends in structures subjected to lateral loading, such as earthquake, is not explicitly addressed in design codes. As a result, designers often ignore the contribution of floor slabs to the lateral load resistance. There is a need for a simple model to assess the slab contribution to beam strength for analysis and design. General expressions for the yield loading and stiffness characteristic of the slab element have been developed which is more sensitively depend on yield line theory beside other parameters such as spacing, yield strength, area of reinforcement, and the span length. A model considering beam growth, bending effects and the slab effect is being considered in the present work. The results of the analytical investigation are compared with experimental results. The slab element model is then used to conduct a parametric study aiming to investigate the effect of the distribution and strength of the slab steel. It is shown that the performance of the unit is directly related to this steel.
Design and Simulation of Transconductance with Capacitances Feedback Compensation Amplifier
Authors: Ren Ming Yuan , Zhang Chun Xiang , Zhao Jing Ying , Guo Hai
Published: January 2012

This paper presents a low-power multistage amplifier with a novel Transconductance with Capacitances Feedback Compensation (TCFC) technique. A transconductance stage and two capacitors introduce negative feedback to a three-stage amplifier, which significantly improves the performance such as gain-bandwidth product, slew rate, stability and sensitivity. Implemented in a commercial 0.5-μm CMOS technology and driving 10pF capacitive load, a three-stage TCFC amplifier achieves over 120dB gain, 1.515MHz GBW and 1.3V/μS average slew rate, while only dissipating 380μW under 3.3V supply.
Study on the Behaviors of CFRP Confining Concrete Specimens Exposed to Fire, Acid and Alkaline Environments
Authors: Lin Ching Chang , Liu Cheng Hou , Tsai Cho Liang
Published: January 2012

This paper studies the behaviors of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) confining concretes exposed to fire, acid or alkaline environments. The concrete specimens wrapped with CFRP were exposed to different high temperatures or submerged to acid or alkaline solutions with different concentrations. All the specimens were then loaded under uni-axial compression test. The strength and ductility of concrete specimen were evaluated. The environmental influences on the confining effects of CFRP were also investigated. The results indicate that CFRP reinforcements can provide good confinements for concrete specimens, so both the strength and ductility of concrete specimens can be significantly increased. But CFRP confining concrete specimens exposed to fire environments over 300°C will lose some of the confinements and the strength and ductility are significantly decreased. When adhered by fireproof material, CFRP confining concrete specimens exposed to fire environments will not lose all the confinements and still retain most of their original strengths and strains. The fireproof material can really protect CFRP confining concretes from high temperatures. The fire resistance effect of fireproof material depends on its thicknesses and the fire environments. The results also show that CFRP confining concrete specimens when submerged into acid or alkaline environments will lose some of the confining effect of CFRP. The higher the concentration or the longer the soaking period of acid or alkaline environments, the more the CFRP material is damaged and thus CFRP confining concrete specimens lose some of their strenghs.
Deflection Analysis of Sleeve Jointed Purlin Systems with Non-Linear Rotational Stiffness
Authors: Wang Chang J. , Mynors Diane J. , Morgan Tertia , Cartwright Brian
Published: January 2012

Sleeved purlin systems are usually used in roof constructions. A non-linear relationship between the bolt hole extension and the load transferred to the bolt was derived with experimental testing and numerical simulation. Consequently, the non-linear rotational stiffness of sleeved joints was derived based on the configuration of sleeves in this paper. The procedure for calculating the deflection of purlin systems with non-linear rotational stiffness at the joints is presented. The analysis and calculation of the deflection is demonstrated through a case study.
Application of Genetic Programming for Estimation of Soil Compaction Parameters
Authors: Naderi Navid , Roshani Pedram , Samani Masoud Zabihi , Tutunchian Mohammad Amin
Published: January 2012

The aim of this study is to propose two numerical models by a well-known soft computing method, Genetic Programming (GP), for the estimation of soils compaction parameters. Genetic Programming is a pattern recognition approach that has the ability of modeling the non-linear behavior of complex engineering problems. The input variables were the soil classification properties, and the outputs were the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD). To provide model, a database including properties of different soils classified as CH, CI, CL, GC, GM, MH, MI, ML and SC was used. In addition, a new Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) based formula using the database, compared with the GP based model. Study results revealed that the proposed formula by GP can predict the compaction parameters of soils in a highly precise manner, and its outputs were in satisfactory conformity with real test results. Performances of the proposed models evaluated using the regression statistical analyses. The proposed formulae can be useful for the preliminary design of engineering projects and are more useful for cases with time and financial limitations.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Froude Number on Temporal Variation of Scour around a T Shaped Spur Dike in a 90 Degree Bend
Authors: Vaghefi Mohammad , Ghodsian Masoud , Adib Arash
Published: January 2012

In the past few decades, the use of spur dikes for stability of the outer banks of rivers has attracted the attention of hydraulic engineers. Setting spur dikes in the flow’s direction leads to local scour around the spur dike and changes the topography of the bed. This paper deals with the study of the temporal variation of the scour hole and topography of the bed around a T shaped spur dike located in a 90 degree bend. The experiments were carried out in a channel with a 90 degrees bend. Uniform sediments having an average diameter of 1.28mm were used under clear water condition. The effects of Froude number on the amount and the geometry of scour hole around a T shaped spur dike and the time variation of scour were investigated.
Virtual Testing for Frontal Impact of High-Top Cab of Heavy Truck
Authors: Wang Wei , Xie Xu Liang , Shen Fu Lin , Wang Xiao Feng
Published: January 2012

ECE R29 regulation has legally claimed that the survival space must be guaranteed for the safety for driver and front seat passenger in event of crash during design of truck cabin. In this paper, a finite element model of a high-top cabin of a heavy truck with a manikin on the driver seat was built with commercial code Hypermesh, The explicit finite element program Ls-Dyna was used to simulate the frontal pendulum impact on the high-top cab in the light of ECE R29 regulation. Deformation of the truck cabin and the survival space of the dummy were analyzed and discussed. Also, some suggestions were given to solve the contact possibility between steering column and the knees of manikin.
Preparation and Properties of Ultrafine Glass Wool by Centrifugal Blowing
Authors: Qiu Jin Lian , Chen Zhao Feng , Zhou Jie Ming , Wang Jian , Li Bin Bin , Wu Wang Ping , Chen Zhou , Xu Teng Zhou
Published: January 2012

Due to extremely low thermal conductivity, high modulus, high toughness, light weight and non-combustible property, ultrafine glass wool can be widely used as glass fiber reinforcements in composites, thermal insulation materials, acoustic insulation materials, engineering materials, construction, infrastructure and environmental protection projects and so on. In particular, as a insulation material, glass wool exhibits unique advantages. The predominant process of glass wool is centrifugal blowing process. This paper describes a study of the relationship between the diameter of ultrafine glass fiber and thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of ultrafine glass wool decreases with the decrease of average diameter.
Electrochemical Drilling of Micro Holes with Flatted Electrode
Authors: Wang Yu Kui , He Xiao Long , Wang Zhen Long , Chen Hui
Published: January 2012

In this paper an electrochemical drilling method for machning micro holes using a flatted electrode instead of the traditional cylindrical electrode is presented. Both electrochemical drilling processes, in which the cylindrical electrode and the flatted electrode were used respectively, were introduced under same machining conditions. The taper of the micro holes between entrance and exit was reduced and machining speed was improved when the flatted electrode was used compare with cylindrical electrode. The flow field simulation was taken out to investigate the reasons for micro holes electrochemical drilling has advantage in taper reducing and machining speed increasing with flatted electrodes.
Labor and Social Security Integrated Information Platform Based on Spatial Cloud Computing
Authors: Dai Jian Xin , Zhang Yi Lei
Published: January 2012

GIS based labor and social security systems must be convenient and easy to use. The service and cloud computing oriented spatial architecture is a very promising architecture. This paper studied service and cloud computing based architecture for geographical information platform in labor and social security applications. The spatial cloud computing applies geographical information system has an important application prospect in labor and social security application.
Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen Laminar Fulling Films in Cryogenic Heat Transfer
Authors: Li Zhi , Li Zhong Min , Guo Jun
Published: January 2012

This paper studies the characteristics of both the dynamic heat and mass transfer of liquid nitrogen thin film which have vital significance to improve heat transfer efficiency and optimize the cryogenic heat exchanger. Liquid nitrogen laminar film flows in the brazed cryogenic heat exchanger with 2.3mm distance between plates. Relationship between the dimensionless thickness and the coefficient of heat convection of liquid nitrogen film is derived. And the impact of rate of vapor content, intensity of interfacial convection heat transfer and Reynolds numbers are calculated and analyzed.
Research on the Relationship between Microstructure and Properties of Polymer-Modified Cement Compounds for Waterproofing Membranes
Authors: Xiao Yun Peng , Fei Yi Wei , Zhao Yuan Li
Published: January 2012

Polymer-modified cement compounds for waterproofing membrane is widely used in tunnel, reservoir, rooftop, bathroom, cellar and other construction work for the better mechanic properties and waterproof effect. And all these properties are decided by the interaction between the compositions and the final microstructure they formed. However, different polymer cement ratio lead to excellent different properties, people have done a lot of research on polymer-modified cement compounds for water-proofing membrane, but the micro explain has been researched rarely. In this paper, scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure between different waterproofing membranes, the properties of tensile strength, braking elongation and water absorption rate were tested, and the relationship between them were also researched.
The Design of Temperature Control System in Climatic Chamber Based on PLC and PC
Authors: Yu Jia Jiang , Wu Sa
Published: January 2012

In allusion to climatic chamber which is the important device in reliability and environmental test, design a control system including S7-200 PLC and PC to realize conventional PID control. To obtain more precise test temperature goal, a setting of temperature tolerance belt is imported. And introduce SIMATIC S7-200 PLC communication protocol, design a PC human-machine interface based on VC++, use a ActiveX control named MSComm6.0 to realize data recording and control between PC and PLC.
The Research and Design of Intelligent Housing Sales Management System Based on Association Analysis
Authors: Tang Xiao Bin
Published: January 2012

In order to extract house features meeting client demand in housing sales, and to provide housing design strategy for real estate developers in timely. This paper designs an intelligent housing sales management system based on association analysis, which can mine house features liked by client from these some sales transactions based on managing housing sales information. Not only has the system these functions, such as information management, information inquiry and information statistics, but also intelligent decision function, which gains house features liked by client and further providing housing design strategy for real estate developers. The main feature of the system is using the method of association analysis to mine these latent association rules of house feature. This is different from traditional housing sales management system. The operation realization of the management system indicates the intelligent housing sales management system based on association analysis is convenient and practical.
A Review of Optimal Scheduling Cleaning of Refinery Crude Preheat Trains Subject to Fouling and Ageing
Authors: Diaby Abdullatif Lacina , Luong Lee , Yousef Amer , Addai Mensah Jonas
Published: January 2012

Refinery crude preheat train (CPHT) is prone to fouling and ageing effects due to the complexity of processed crude feedstock preheated prior to distillation. This has serious implications on the thermal and hydraulic performance of the CPHT. As a result, efficient performance of crude preheat trains is compromised and as such, optimal scheduling cleaning operations are required to restore performance. In this paper, we attempt to review the subject of fouling/ageing control and mitigation in crude preheat train network by optimal scheduling cleaning approach. Three prominent optimisation techniques/models namely Mathematical Models (Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and Mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) models); Artificial Intelligence (AI) Models; and Heuristic Techniques used for achieving optimal cleaning are outlined.
The Preparation of Several Novel Organic Material of Neutral Molecules Recognition
Authors: Ding Qing Wei , Qian Tian Wei , Zhang Min Gang
Published: January 2012

Several novel organic material were Prepared by condensation between p-aminophenyl methyl keton, 3,5-Dicholoro-4-aminophenyl methyl keton and 5-Dibromo-4-aminophenyl methyl keton and pyrrole. The reaction condition has been optimized. The structure was characterized by 1HNMR and elemental analysis.
Analysis of Impact of Substation Grounding on Power Network
Authors: Zou Yi Qin
Published: January 2012

With the rapid development of intelligent power network, research on power station grounding has become a hot area in power system, as it can directly impact on the reliability of power system. The impact of substation grounding on short circuit current and on electric equipment is explored; Based on practical analysis, the relevant conclusion is reached in the end about the relation of neutral point grounding to the reliability of power network.
Modal Analysis of Maglev Linear Feed Unit
Authors: Xiao Long Xue , Wu Guo Qing , Zhang Xu Dong
Published: January 2012

The structural and working principle of a kind of maglev linear feed unit for CNC engraving and milling machine tools are presented, and its mathematical model is analyzed, then its model of vibration is established in this paper. The modal analysis is made, the natural frequency is calculated with its vibration models, and the influence on the natural frequency of electromagnetic levitation bearing unit, which is caused by stiffness and damping coefficients of electromagnetic levitation bearing, is analyzed respectively by means of ANSYS software. The calculation and analysis presented in this paper can help us design the structure of the maglev linear feed unit for CNC engraving and milling machine tools, and can also establish a solid foundation for further etailed dynamics analysis.
The Control Technology of BUCK Converter
Authors: Yang Kun , Wu Guo Qing , Zhang Xu Dong
Published: January 2012

The transfer function of the BUCK converter is proposed by using the state-space average method. The lead-lag network is used to optimize the stability of the closed-loop BUCK system. And the stability of the system has been greatly improved. At last the simulation model of the system is founded by using the Matlab software. Compared with the results of the simulation of open-loop and closed-loop system, the conclusion can be reached that the stability of the after- compensator system is greatly improved.
Research on Adaptive Feedforward Control Algorithm of Electromagnetic Active Vibration Isolation System
Authors: Zhang Jin Guang , Xiang Nan , Xiao Zuo Chao , Ding Guo Ping
Published: January 2012

Feedforward control method to control vibration in the active vibration isolation system was discussed. By introducing the FIR filter as the feedforward link, using the mean-square deviation of system error as the performance index and utilizing the LMS algorithm to obtain the optimal parameters of controller, the design of adaptive feedforward controller was fulfilled. The simulation results showed that: for the active vibration isolation system with regularly vibration source, adopting adaptive filter method of feedforward control has notable effect. The contrast experiment with using the PID controller further verified the simulation results.
Dynamical Modeling of Spindle with Active Magnetic Bearing for Milling Process
Authors: Gourc Etienne , Seguy Sébastien , Dessein Gilles
Published: January 2012

A dynamical modeling of spindle with Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) is presented. All the required parameters are included in the model for stability analysis. The original map of stability is generated by Time Domain Simulation. The major importance of forced vibrations is highlighted for a spindle with AMB. Milling test are used to quickly evaluate the stability. Finally, the simulation results are then validated by cutting tests on a 5 axis machining center with AMB.
Effect of Electron Beam Treatment on the Surface Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Ye Hong , Chen Rui , Yan Zhong Lin
Published: January 2012

AZ31B magnesium alloy were irradiated by a high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) device with pulse times 10, 15 and 20 respectively. The morphology of the surface and cross-section of modified layer were investigated by optical microscope. The corrosion resistance of modified layer were tested by EG&G M273 potentiostat in 5% NaCl solution. Wear resistance were tested by HRS-2 high speed reciprocation frictional testing machines. The results indicated that magnesium alloy surface hardness obviously enhances, the wear volume reduces 7%, the corrosion resistance also improves obviously after electron beam processing.
Simulation Analysis on Crowd Evacuation of the Subway Train Fire
Authors: Han Xin , Ma Jin Ning , Cong Bei Hua
Published: January 2012

Nowadays urban subway transport system has transformed its role from auxiliary facilities of urban traffic into a key component in people's lives. It is imperative to promote fire safety level of subway system. This paper simulates the crowd evacuation of the subway train fire. Four passenger densities within the train are set and the results of the software simulation with the calculation results based on specification are compared. It is relatively reliable to reflect the influence of the passenger density on the crowd evacuation, and some suggestions are also given out
The Corrosion Characteristic Study of GGH Materials
Authors: Xu Wei Feng , Cai Yu Ran , Zhang Jin Hong , Liu Yong Chang , Ouyang Yuan Huang , Wu Jiang
Published: January 2012

Through chemical composition analysis of corroded steel sample and enamel steel sample, through SEM-EDS and XRD analysis of corroded steel sample, the corrosion characteristics was studied, the possible influence to the heat exchange and flow rate were also analyzed. Through polarization curves experiment, a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between old GGH materials and newly installed enamel steel is made. The results have shown that the corrosion resistance with the heat transfer surface in GGH will decrease with the temperature increasing, but the enamel steel’s corrosion resistance and stability is strikingly better than the old materials.
Application of Dynamic and Reusable Report Generation System in Urban Environmental Remote Sensing Monitoring
Authors: Li Sheng Wei , Yang Xue , Ma Jun , Yu Tao , Lai Ji Bao , Li Jia Guo
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the traditional urban environmental monitoring technology is time consuming, and high demanded for technician by using artificial processing. Expound a dynamic reusable reports generation technology of urban environmental monitoring and its application. improves the efficiency of rapid processing of dynamic monitoring results of urban ecological environment.