bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noticing Patents
Authors: Thomas John
Published: May 2023

Patents take the form of public letters that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) actively disseminates. Whether these documents sufficiently provide the public with notice of the technologies they describe, as well as the proprietary rights that they assert, has been subject to long-standing debate. Many commentators conclude that patents are often filed too early in the research and development cycle, are deliberately drafted in a vague or obtuse manner, or are simply too numerous. As a result, identifying the relevant patent landscape is not just difficult for technology implementers, but possibly undesirable as a matter of innovation policy. Yet prior scholarship has seldom acknowledged current statutory mechanisms to improve the notice function of patents after they issue. This Article endeavors to fill that gap.

Congress has long encouraged intellectual property rights holders to identify their patents on the products they sell. Patent marking has traditionally occurred on physical products or their packaging, although it has been recently extended to Internet-based virtual marking. The marking statute stipulates that patent proprietors that fail to mark face severe remedial restrictions when challenging infringers. Congress has assigned the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) a part in providing patent notice as well. In keeping with federal legislation, the agency maintains two publications, commonly known as the Orange and Purple Books, that act as a patent clearinghouse for approved drugs and licensed biologics.

The role of a patent within the marketplace provides perhaps the most valuable form of notice that that instrument may offer. Yet the marking statute and FDA publications suffer from some apparent flaws. In combination they project a failure to identify all patents that are relevant to the product, favor patent trolls, involve dubious practical workings, promote misleading advertising, and impose punitive sanctions in comparison to the notice requirements of peer intellectual property rights. For its part, the FDA has proven an untutored and unreliable patent publicist for the past four decades.

This Article offers specific suggestions to improve the notice functions of patents after they issue. It calls for the USPTO to develop and populate its own virtual marking database that correlates individual patents with the marketplace. It also encourages the FDA to take further steps to counter abuses of the Orange and Purple Books and to accelerate their patent notice functions. Finally, this Article takes broader lessons from this effort, offering pathways for policymakers to look beyond the patent instrument as they endeavor to improve the patent system’s notice functions.
Determination of Anthocyanin Levels in Telang Flower (Clitoria Ternatae) Using the Differential pH Method Based on Three Types of Solvents
Authors: Ramdan Siti Rahmah Kurnia , Wulandari Risda
Published: May 2023

Anthocyanins are pigments that are soluble in polar solvents naturally and belong to the flavonoid group found in various types of plants. As the name implies, this pigment gives color to the flowers, fruit, and leaves, and has been widely used as a natural colorant in various food products and other applications. Telang flower is an example of a plant that has high levels of anthocyanins. The research method to prepare the test sample used was extraction by maceration using 3 types of solvents ethanol 96%, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. The test was carried out using the differential pH method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 510 nm and 700 nm. The assay results obtained were the average anthocyanin content of telang flower extract in ethanol 96% 0,946%, n-butanol 1,684%, ethyl acetate 0,181%. The results of data analysis showed that all the average levels of telang flower extract from each solvent were different, in other words the average levels of telang flower extract from each solvent were significant differences. The highest anthocyanin levels in this study were produced in the telang flower extract with n-butanol as a solvent of 1,684% and the lowest in the telang flower extract with ethyl acetate solvent of 0,181%.
Screening of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Household Contacts With Acid Fast Bacteria (AFB) Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Ciwangi Village, Balubur Limbangan Subdistrict, Garut District
Authors: Nuriah Shinta , Ruhimat Undang , Aryadi Rivana , Mutmainah Rahayu  Nirmatul
Published: May 2023

Background & Objective Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by acid-fast bacteria, namely Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly attacks the lungs. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a global health problem with the second deadliest case after HIV/AIDS infection, and ranks third with the most TB cases after India and China. The main source of transmission is patients with active TB pulmonary tuberculosis who can transmit to people around them. This study aims to determine whether pulmonary TB transmission occurs in people who are in household contact with patients with acid-fast bacteria pulmonary TB active.
Method This study is descriptive, using the Ziehl neelsen examination method, with a total sampling technique, conducted on 34 people who are in household contact with pulmonary TB patients in Ciwangi Village, Balubur District, Limbangan.
Result Based on the examination results in people who are in contact with people with TB, the results are negative, the presence of the bacteria that cause TB.
Conclusion The results of Pulmonary Tuberculosis screening conducted on 34 people from 13 heads of families, it can be concluded that the results of TB microscopy with the Ziehl neelsen technique were negative.
Effect of Core Muscle Training on Improving Balance and Gait performance in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
Authors: T.S Megha Dath , N Remya , Unnikrishnan Manju
Published: May 2023

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that consists of a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, involving motor symptoms such as tremor, muscular rigidity, hypokinesia and postural instability. Subjects with Parkinson’s disease frequently present impaired postural control that leads to loss of balance and impaired gait performance. Evidences showed that there is a significant correlation between trunk mobility, balance and gait in subjects with Parkinson’s disease. So more severe is the trunk mobility in the Parkinson’s disease patient, more will be the difficulties with Balance and Gait
Objectives: To determine the effect of core muscle training on improving balance and gait performance in Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Materials and method: Thirty subjects were divided into two groups with 15 in each. Group A received core muscle training, with conventional exercise while Group B received conventional physiotherapy alone. Duration of treatment was 5 days /week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures were Tinetti POMA – Balance component and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) used to assess balance and gait respectively. Pre score was taken before the first session and post score was taken after 6 weeks
Results: There is statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between Group A and Group B. Group A showed greater statistically significant improvement in Tinetti POMA- Balance Component and FGA when compared with Group B
Conclusion: This study primarily tried to analyze the effects of core muscle training along with conventional Physiotherapy on balance and gait performance in IPD patients and this study reveals that addition of core muscle training with conventional physiotherapy enhances faster recovery in patients with IPD

Key words: Core muscle training; Balance; Gait performance; Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.
Monitoring of Land Use Dynamics in the Autonomous District of Abidjan Between 2002 and 2022 using the Google Earth Engine Platform
Authors: Michel TRAORE Kinakpefan
Published: May 2023

In the countries of the South, capital cities such as the Autonomous District of Abidjan polarize both economic activity and demographic growth to such an extent that they are subject to rapid land artificialisation. This artificialization, in conjunction with poorly controlled urbanization, contributes to the thinning of vegetated areas. The objective of this work is to determine the changes in land use and land cover that have occurred in the Autonomous District of Abidjan over the last two decades, 2002 and 2022. The method uses the Random Forest classification algorithm in the Google Earth Engine platform from Landsat composite images. With an overall accuracy of 98.03% in 2002 and 98.7% in 2022 and kappa coefficients of 0.9 in 2002 and 2022, the cartographic and statistical results show important dynamics in land use in the Autonomous District of Abidjan during this period. These dynamics are characterized by a regression of vegetated and hydrographic areas that have lost 61% of their surface to the benefit of the habitat that has increased by 171% from 22.4 thousand hectares to 55.4 thousand hectares.

Keywords: Autonomous District of Abidjan, random forest, google earth engine, urban dynamics, land use and land cover
Student Use of Information Services and Resources at the Government Degree College, Neeli Nallah, Udhampur: A Survey
Authors: . Vivekanand , Bajral Riya
Published: May 2023

This study examines how students at the Govt. Degree College, Neeli Nallah, Udhampur, use information sources and services. To collect information, a systematic questionnaire was created. A random sample of 100 college students was chosen, out of which 80 students provided full survey information. In order to acquire maximum replies, questionnaires were personally given by hand to the students. The acquired data was arranged and evaluated by using simple statistical method.

Keywords: Library Resources, Information Sources, Information Services, College Library.
Analysis of the Five-Fold Role of Philosophy in National Development
Authors: Bartholomew Nnaemedo
Published: May 2023

The role of philosophy in national development raises a big question in the contemporary epoch, given the presumed giant stride of natural science. Ascriptions such as abstract and esoteric discipline, a course engrossed in scandal and at a crossroads, are often the complementary tags attributed to philosophy. Nevertheless, the question remains: Is philosophy as described above, or is it an appellation born out of naivety and prejudice? Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the relevance of philosophy, specifically to national development. Such is necessary to correct the misconceptions and bias above and to accord philosophy its proper domain in national development. Principally, this paper focuses on five areas: philosophy as a rational foundation, roadmap, roof, moral lens, and a national development stimulant. This study considers this as the five-fold role of philosophy in national development. Hence, every other goal of philosophy in national development revolves around these five. The theoretical framework is existentialism, and the method of inquiry is philosophical analysis. The primary data sources are the library and Internet materials. The findings, however, show that philosophy plays a critical role in national development. It constitutes the foundation, runs through the trunk, and materialises in the fruits of national development. To think of national development devoid of philosophy is akin to conceiving a plant without roots. Philosophy constitutes the rational root, rudder, ceiling, ethical/moral compass, and catalyst of national development. This paper, therefore, recommends giving philosophy its pride of place in the academic world, stressing its inevitability in every aspect of national development, and engaging in philosophy-mending to corroborate emergent national development exigencies.

Keywords: Philosophy, National Development, Rational Foundation, Moral Lens, Analysis, Role
Extra-focal osteosynthesis of a comminuted fracture of the lower jaw in a dog after a car injury
Authors:   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM, Zemlyanaya V.V.
Published: May 2023

To date, among the injuries found in small pets, a special place from the position of veterinary surgery is occupied by car injuries. Very often they are the cause of jaw fractures and require competent surgical intervention. Extra–focal osteosynthesis is one of the types of osteosynthesis that is used in such patients
Analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1 - properties, mechanisms of action, prospects for use
Authors:   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM
Published: May 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is an isulin-like peptide hormone from the incretin family. It is secreted by L-cells of the mucous membrane of the ileum and colon, enhances insulin secretion and is a physiological regulator of appetite. The most popular pharmaceutical analogue of GLP-1 at the moment is liraglutide. Liraglutide also activates GLP-1 receptors, but is more stable and allows you to get a more powerful effect due to the prolongation of the drug. It is known that the action of liraglutide extends to all tissues with GLP-1 receptors, but now the drug is used only for correction of body weight and in the complex therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, we have a drug with numerous and multidirectional effects, the full range of possibilities of which has not yet been explored. In this article, we analyze the possibilities of alternative use of this drug, based on literature data.
The epizootic situation of fish aeromonosis in the Krasnodar region, the prospects for the prevention and elimination of infectious fish diseases in the region
Authors:   FSBSI KSCAHVM, Basankin A.V. , Basankina V.M. ,   FSBSI KSCAHVM, Semenenko M.P. ,   FSBSI KSCAHVM
Published: May 2023

results of monitoring the epizootic situation in fish farms and enterprises of the Krasnodar region, prospects for the prevention and elimination of infectious diseases of fish.
Avaliação do conforto térmico e análise econômica de frangos caipira criados no sistema semintensivo no município de Sumé.
Authors:   , Carneiro de Brito Thyago
Published: May 2023

A criação de frangos caipiras no Cariri Paraibano vem se destacando como uma importante atividade pecuária, por sua vez tem contribuído com a alimentação de agricultores familiares além da geração de emprego e renda. Objetivou-se com este trabalho fazer uma caracterização do sistema semiintensivo de produção, avaliação de conforto térmico, desempenho das aves e análise econômica. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande na Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, pertencente ao Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido na cidade de SUMÉ-PB, num período de 91 dias. O experimento foi dividido em três fases (Pré-Inicial, Inicial e Acabamento), foi feito a avaliação do desempenho zootécnico onde os frangos eram semanalmente pesados para determinação de ganho de peso. Os dados bioclimáticos foram obtidos de uma estação meteorológica pertencente à Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba situada no centro de desenvolvimento sustentável do semi-árido e os custos de produção foram contabilizados os gastos com ração, aquisição dos pintos, produtos veterinários e custo das aves abatidas. No presente trabalho os dados de temperatura do ar foram de 25°Cem todo período média ficando dentro da zona deconforto térmico para frangos de corte, a umidade relativa foi de 56,20%, 58,40% e 62,99% nas repectivas fases, já o ITGU deste trabalho obtido foram de: 76,12; 76,02 e 76,15 respectivamente por cada fase de criação, onde afaixa de 74 a 77 caracteriza condição de conforto. O consumo de ração foi crescente, 0, 013; 0, 015 e 0,093 kg respectivamente por fase. A pesquisa permitiu concluir que as condições bioclimáticas que as aves se encontraram ficaram dentro da zona de conforto térmico, consequentemente tiveram bom desempenho produtivo e a atividade mostrou-se altamente rentável.
Influência de substratos na emergência de mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret.
Authors:   , Maria Araújo Dantas Clarissa
Published: May 2023

Mimosa tenuiflora (Will.) Poiret é uma espécie encontrada em todos os Estados nordestinos, principalmente em áreas de Caatinga. É de fundamental importância estudos relacionados sobre a influência da temperatura e do substrato no processo germinativo. Neste sentido objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de diferentes substratos na emergência e no desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de jurema preta na região do Cariri paraibano. As pesquisas foram conduzidas no Laboratório de Ecologia e Botânica do CDSA/UFCG, onde foram analisados a influência dos seguintes substratos: (T1) esterco bovino, (T2) areia, (T3) terra, na proporção de 50% e (T4) terra, esterco e areia nas, (T5) esterco areia e terra e (T6) areia, esterco e terra nas proporções de 50% e 25%, totalizando seis tratamentos, sendo avaliados a qualidade fisiológica da semente. Foram utilizadas 100 sementes por tratamento. O teste de emergência foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido (condições não controladas), as quais as sementes foram semeadas em bandejas contendo os diferentes substratos. De acordo com os dados obtidos, constatou-se que os substratos influenciaram em todos os parâmetros estudados. O substrato areia e terra foram considerados mais eficientes para a emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento de plântulas e massa seca de plântulas em condições não controladas.
Utilização do composto pelo agricultor familiar: determinação de doses para produção de feijão.
Authors:   , de Queiroz Freitas Givaldo
Published: May 2023

Na região Nordeste do Brasil encontram-se as maiores áreas plantadas com a cultura do feijão-caupi (Vignaunguiculata(L.) Walp.), onde desempenha função de destaque socioeconômico, representando um dos principais componentes da dieta alimentar regional, possuindo excelente valor nutritivo, sendo, desta forma, a principal fonte de proteína vegetal para os sertanejos. O caupi tem alto potencial produtivo e é uma cultura que contribui para fixar o homem no campo, melhorando a renda dos agricultores familiares. Práticas de manejo que visam a adição de adubos orgânicos, como o uso de compostagem, podem contribuir para incrementar a produtividade da cultura e conscientizar os agricultores e agricultoras sobre a importância na matéria orgânica na produção agrícola. Neste experimento objetivou-se verificar a percepção dos agricultores familiares sobre a produção de feijão e compostagem e avaliar a influência das doses de composto orgânico na produção de feijão cultivado em LUVISSOLO, no Cariri paraibano. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, compreendendo cinco tratamentos (0,0 - 0,5 – 1,0 – 1,5 e 2,0 kg de composto, distribuídas nos berços, em quatro repetições. O uso do composto orgânico proporcionou um aumento significativo na produção de feijão-caupi na dose de 1,0L/berço, para as variáveis número de plantas, número de vagens e biomassa verde total, embora não na massa dos grãos nem na massa seca total das plantas de feijão. Quanto aos agricultores, todos trabalham no sistema convenional, 80% não tem conhecimento da prática de compostagem e não recebe assistência técnica. Considera-se que a proposta agroecológica da compostagem, com foco na manutenção da fertilidade e saúde do solo, tanto quanto na promoção da sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas e melhoria da qualidade de vida dos agricultores familiares, é um aspecto fundamental para o estabelecimento de uma agricultura sustentável e do desenvolvimento rural do Semiárido paraibano.
Resistir na terra: a luta camponesa pela conservação de etnovariedades de milho e feijão.
Authors:   , Eduardo Souza Muniz Luiz
Published: May 2023

As sementes nativas expressam a luta, os valores, conhecimentos e tradições dos agricultores e agricultoras familiares, que persistem na preservação das etnovariedades ao longo das gerações, criando um laço de afetividade e resistência. As variedades de milho e de feijão são as culturas mais importantes para a agricultura familiar, principalmente na região Nordeste do Brasil. Os Bancos de Sementes surgiram como contraponto a agressividade da Revolução Verde, para resguardar as sementes nativas do processo de extinção. A pesquisa objetivou verificar a percepção dos agricultores e agricultoras familiares sobre a formação dos bancos de sementes crioulas e identificar as principais variedades de milho e feijão conhecidas pelas comunidades rurais de Massaranduba, mesorregião do Agreste, microrregião de Campina Grande. Para isso foram aplicados questionários com agricultores e agricultoras de quatro comunidades rurais, Os resultados mostram que algumas espécies estão desaparecidas e outras estão em processo severo de extinção e a formação de Banco de Sementes Comunitário pode ser uma alternativa para proteger essas sementes.
A geotinta no contexto da arte e da agroecologia.
Authors:   , Limeira da Silva Alexandre
Published: May 2023

Reconhecer no solo importante aplicabilidade para trabalhar o aprendizado em sala de aula e nos diversos segmentos da sociedade, discutindo questões sobre meio ambiente, degradação, conservação, trabalho e cidadania, com possibilidade de gerar renda é uma das propostas da pintura com tinta de terra – geotinta. Esta pesquisa objetivou apresentar e verificar a qualidade final de peças de madeira e barro pintados com tinta de terra, possibilitando o diálogo para a inserção desta atividade na prática educativa, nas ações da Agroecologia, na inclusão social, na formação da cidadania ativa e na geração de trabalho e renda. O trabalho desenvolveu-se nas instalações do CDSA/UFCG, em Sumé, município do Cariri paraibano. Os solos utilizados para a confecção da tinta foram provenientes de áreas de Caatinga e do litoral do Estado. Foram pintadas peças de madeira inerte e de barro e avaliadas possíveis formações de manchas, bolhas, descascamento e fissuras nas peças. Os resultados indicaram que a tinta de terra tem excelente potencial para a atividade artísticas e artesanal, pois seu uso nas peças trabalhadas prestou-se adequadamente a atividade de pintura, não tendo sido observadas nenhuma alteração que comprometesse a qualidade das peças. Conclui-se que a tinta de terra, além de ser uma alternativa para a atividade artesanal, é uma ferramenta de Educação em Solos, com possibilidade de valorização e conservação dos recursos edáfico e como oportunidade de cidadania e renda.
KRONİK HASTALIK YÖNETİMİNDE BİREYİN AKTİF OLMASINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KOŞAR ŞAHİN Cansu , SEVGİ DOĞAN Esin , DENİZ AKAN Dilan , DEDELİ CAYDAM Ozden , ÇINAR PAKYÜZ Sezgi
Published: May 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı kronik hastalık yönetiminde bireyin aktif olmasını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmanın örneklemini primer tanısı diyabet, hipertansiyon, artrit, kalp yetersizliği, koroner arter hastalığı veya akut koroner sendrom olan, örnekleme dahil olma kriterlerini karşılayan ve araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 210 birey oluşturmuştur. Veriler sosyodemografik özellikler formu, kronik hastalığa ilişkin bilgi formu ve PAM (Hasta Aktiflik Düzeyi Ölçüm Aracı) ile toplandı. Örneklem grubunun kronik hastalık süresi ortalama 10,12±8,02 yıl olup, %31,9’unu diyebetes mellitus, %23,8’ini hipertansiyon, %14,8’ini artrit, %15,2’sini kalp yetersizliği ve %14,3’ünü korner arter hastalığı olan bireyler meydana getirmiştir. Örneklem grubunun PAM puan ortalaması 54,95±17,13 olup, %38,6’sının düzey 1, %15,7’sinin düzey 2, %28,1’inin düzey 3 ve %17,6’sının düzey 4’de yer aldığı saptanmıştır. Diyabetes mellitus grubunda sağlık personelinin önerdiği şekilde diyetine uyma ve doktorun önerdiği şekilde kontrollerine gitme ile PAM puan ortalaması arasında; KVS hastalık grubunda tabağa alınan yemeğe ilave tuz ekleme durumu ile PAM puan ortalaması arasında ve artrit grubunda yorgunluk/güçsüzlük düzeyleri ile PAM puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin aktiflik düzeyleri arasında yaş, egzersiz sıklığı, yemek pişirirken eklenen tuz miktarı ve ayak muayenesi açısından anlamlı fark olduğu saptanmıştır. Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin yaş, ayak muayene sıklığı, kan basıncı kontrol sıklığı ve egzersiz sıklığı ile PAM puanı arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde anlamlı; yemek pişirirken eklenen tuz miktarı ile PAM puanı arasında ise istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde anlamlı korelasyonlar olduğu saptanmıştır. Kronik hasta popülasyonu dağılımı daha çok düzey 1 ve 3’de ağırlık göstermiştir. PAM puanı arttıkça yaş, ayak muayene sıklığı, kan basıncı kontrol sıklığı ve egzersiz sıklığında artış olduğu; yemek pişirirken eklenen tuz miktarında ise düşüş olduğu saptanmıştır.
LİDERLİK UYGULAMALARININ EBE VE HEMŞİRELERİN KARİYER GELİŞTİRMELERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DÖNMEZ Ayşegül , EMİRALİOĞLU Şeyma , YAVUZ Ali
Published: May 2023

Bu araştırmada liderlik uygulamalarının ebe ve hemşirelerin kariyer geliştirmelerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde olup 01.07.2022-30.09.2022 tarihleri arasında 339 hemşire ve ebeye uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Soru Formu” ve “Hemşirelikte Kariyer Sorunları Ölçeği” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi testleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya katılan ebe ve hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 37,14±9,06, meslekte çalışma yılı ortalaması 15,63±0,07, %66,1’i çocuk sahibi, %17,7’si lisansüstü, %66,1’i lisans mezunu ve %48’inin ebe olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların %51,0’ı klinik ebe/hemşiresi, %17,1’i klinik sorumlusu/yönetici, %11,5’i eğitim ebe/hemşiresi ve %20,35’i diğer birimler (ameliyathane, doğumhane, poliklinik, idari hizmetlerde) çalıştıkları belirlenmiştir. Ebe ve hemşirelerin ölçekten almış olduğu toplam puan ortalaması 76,66±2,83, Cronbach alfa 0,84 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, liderlik uygulamalarının ebe ve hemşirelerin kariyer gelişimi konusunda bazı etkilerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Ebe ve hemşirelerin, liderlik ve kariyer gelişimine katkı sağlayabilecek programlar oluşturulabilir ve konuya ilişkin yasal düzenlemelerin yapılması sağlanabilir.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN PAKISTAN: CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors:   College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad – Pakistan, Imran Muhammad , Idrees Rao Qasim ,   School of Law, University of Gujrat, Pakistan., Murtiza Ghulam ,   College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad – Pakistan
Published: May 2023

This research evaluated environmental impact assessment (EIA) advocates in Punjab, Pakistan, in order to evaluate their contributions to the profession and the obstacles they confront. The anticipated involvement of project proponents in EIA was calculated using regulations, guidelines, and suggestions. To evaluate the efforts of proponents, viewpoints from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and consultants were extracted from the available literature. In Punjab, forty semi-structured interviews with proponents from the commercial and public sectors were undertaken to learn about the difficulties they encountered at each stage of the EIA process. It is very rare for projects to begin before receiving a permission to safeguard the local environment. In the majority of situations, proper scoping is disregarded. EIA does not significantly engage stakeholders. When project proponents fail to provide consultants with all relevant project information, the quality of the report is compromised and timely decisions are delayed.Even some supporters attempt to sway the evaluation and decision-making procedure, and with the exception of a few multinational corporations, no one can guarantee that the approval requirements will be satisfied. The decision by the EPA to distinguish between public and private initiatives was a significant source of worry for advocates. The lack of professionalism and hazy decision-making of some experts also contributed to the situation. Despite the study's regional focus, its conclusions are relevant to EIA systems worldwide, particularly in nations with similar economic systems that confront the same trade-off between economic growth and environmental sustainability. Keywords:Development; Environment; Pakistan; Punjab; Sustainability
PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN ADVERTISING INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Media & Communication Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Iram Attiya , Bukhari Syed Huzzaifa Zia ,   Department of Media & Communication Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Media & Communication Studies, University of Okara, Abbas Zaki ,   Department of Media & Communication Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan
Published: May 2023

Advertising is one of the most powerful and effective tool that directly affect the buying behavior of consumers also it shapes people's perception of beauty, gender roles, and societal norms. Women representation and their objectification in advertisements have received attention throughout the world in general and particular in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the advertising industry has historically depicted women in stereotypical and objectified roles, perpetuating gender inequality and reinforcing traditional gender roles. In many Pakistani advertisements, portrayal of women is as subservient and passive with dependency upon men. Furthermore, women are often sexualized and objectified in advertisements, reducing them to mere objects of desire. This study emphasizes that how media build objectified descriptions of beauty gadget of desire, leisure rather than human. This study argues that how the stress of beauty and perfection build by media can be harmful for women and especially for young girls. This study discus the ethical issues of operating women as a sexual object by advertisers in marketing industry. This study also discuss despite these negative trends, there are some positive developments in the advertising industry in Pakistan. Some advertisements have started to challenge traditional gender roles by showing women in non-traditional roles and promoting gender equality. However, these examples are still few and far between. A semeiotic analysis through purposive sampling technique has been adopted to analyze the data. Keywords: Sexual Objectifications, Famine Beauty, Women in Advertisements, Gender, Stereotype.
ROLE OF COGNITIVE EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGIES AND FAMILY STRUCTURE AS DETERMINANTS OF AGGRESSION IN PAKISTANI ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Govt. Al-Hamd Hospital Nishatabad, Faisalabad Pakistan, Rauf Umera , Kazmi Syed Messum Ali ,   Colleges Lahore Division, Higher Education Department, Rafi Ayesha Arooj ,   Dr. Zarqa Clinic/University of Lahore
Published: May 2023

While cognitive emotion regulation strategies are viewed as mental approaches which impact emotionality and decision making of individuals, they are also viewed as mechanisms for controlling the level of aggression. This purpose of the present study was to assess the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies as well as family structure with regard to impacting aggression in Pakistani adolescents. A sample of 300 (150 belonging to joint and 150 belonging to nuclear families) adolescents (aged 13-18 years) was recruited from schools in urban and rural areas of Pakistan. The participants completed questionnaires assessing cognitive emotion regulation strategies, family structure, and aggression levels. SPSS 21.0 and associated interventions were used for data analysis. reappraisal and refocus on planning had a significant negative association with physical and verbal aggression. However, cognitive emotional regulation strategies including self-blame, others blame, catastrophizing and other disruptive strategies were positively associated with physical and verbal aggression. It was also found that adolescents raised in nuclear family system used more disruptive strategies including rumination, catastrophizing, self-blame, others blame along with higher levels of verbal aggression and hostility while adolescents belonging to joint family systems used acceptance, positive refocusing, putting into perspective along with having a higher emphasis on planning which further allowed them to minimize their aggression. Keywords: family structure, joint family and aggression, nuclear family and aggression, cognitive emotional regulation strategies, hostility, anger
Evaluation of Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria
Authors: I.U. Christogonus , K.G. Emwinloghosa , T.O. Chukwuemeka , E.O. Akindele , B. Momoh
Published: May 2023

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the adults from 30 years of age and above and to assess the association between the risk factors and type 2 diabetes. A total of 522 patients diagnosed with diabetes at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Asaba from August 2022 to February 2023 were collected for the study. We employed the method of logistic multinomial regression to assess the association between the risk factors and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, descriptive statistics to ascertain the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the likelihood ratio test to check which of the risk factors is significant. The female was taken as a reference category. The results showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher in females (284, 54.4%) and also in the age group 45-64 years of age. Risk factors that had a significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus are age (Chi-square = 10.589, p = 0.005), BMI (chi-square = 1.038, p = 0.092), hypertension (chi-square = 1.370, p = 0.042), alcohol consumption (chi-square = 73.319, p = 0.000), and smoking (chi-square = 142.096, p = 0.000). The results further revealed that with female patients as the reference category, a male patient in the age bracket 45-64 years (p = 0.028, AOR = 0.538, 95% C.I: 0.310 – 0.935), a male that is obese (p = 0.090, AOR = 0.962, 95% C.I: 0.524 – 1.765), male with hypertension (p = 0.044, AOR = 1.362, 95% C.I: 0.810 – 2.292), male that consumes alcohol (p = 0.000, AOR = 0.129, 95% C.I: 0.077 – 0.214), and male that smokes (p = 0.000, AOR = 0.014, 95% C.I: 0.005 – 0.042) had 72.3% fewer odds, 3.8% fewer odds, 36.2 higher odds, 87.1 fewer odds, and 98.6% fewer odds of having type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to a female patient. This study suggests appropriate actions for community awareness of regular blood sugar testing and preventive measures.
Klimaendringer, følelser og benektelse: en psykoanalytisk pilotstudie
Authors: Flatås Marius
Published: May 2023

Background and aim: Anthropogenic climate change represents an increasing threat to the stability of human societies and ecosystems. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between emotional activation and the defense mechanism of denial. Few previous studies have investigated this topic while also exploring unconscious aspects of denial.

Method: Three informants were interviewed in depth on two separate occasions (six interviews in total). The in-depth interviews were based on the psychoanalytic research interview as described by Cartwright (2004) and Holloway and Jefferson (2012).

Results: The analysis showed that climate change was a highly emotional issue for two of the informants, who made use of denial as a distancing strategy.

Conclusion: Denial is a common response to climate change, one that can lead to an absence of action and commitment. The restricted sample and method of the pilot study provided a weak basis for generalization, and further studies should use more stringent research designs.

Keywords: climate change, denial, psychoanalytic
Examination of the Effects of Digital Story Applications on Digital Parenting and Technology Usage Attitudes
Authors: ŞAHİN KONAŞ Zeynep , YILDIZ DURAK Hatice
Published: May 2023

A digital story is described as the presentation process of narration in an interactive digital environment based on sound, picture, graphics, motion graphics, images, music, and script. From all these situations forth, this study aims to enable awareness by examining the effect of digital story activities, which is about digital parenting, on parents’ digital parenting attitudes. At the same time, by examining the technology usage of the parents, it aims to put forward their technology usage attitude. This study is designed via a mixed-method research model. The study group of the research is composed of 40 parents. The most significant result of this research is that digital story activities like story development contribute to parents developing awareness of digital parenting.
Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect Salmonella spp. in egg samples
Authors:   Deparment of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tran Kha T. , Nguyen Trang T. P.
Published: May 2023

The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for detection of Salmonella spp. in chicken eggs. Eight Salmonella strains and 26 non-Salmonella enteric strains were used to verify the specificity of the LAMP assay for detection of Salmonella. The Sal4 primer set was used to specifically amplify the target sequence on the invA gene of Salmonella and the hydroxyl naphthol blue was used as the indicator to read the reaction results. Blank egg samples were spiked with serial 10-fold diluted Salmonella suspensions to determine the limit of detection at 50% (LOD50) of the assay. Egg samples collected from multiple locations in Ho Chi Minh City were tested for the presence of Salmonella using both LAMP method and the traditional culture method to compare the effectiveness of these two methods. Among 34 bacterial strains tested by LAMP assay, false-positive or false-negative results were not observed. The assays of spiked egg samples showed that the LOD50 of the LAMP method was less than 2 CFU/25 g sample. These results indicated a high specificity and sensitivity of the LAMP assay in detection of Salmonella in egg samples, even with those of low levels of contamination. Upon testing collected egg samples (n = 42), the LAMP assay produced the same results of Salmonella detection as the culture method. Salmonella was detected in 4 out of 42 samples. This study showed that the LAMP method is highly effective and would be suitable for use in detection of Salmonella in egg samples. The assay has several advantages such as saving time and labor compared to traditional culture methods.
Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis condition of edible bird’s nest crumbs by response surface methodology and determination of biochemical characteristics of the hydrolysate
Authors:   Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Truong Hoang P. T. , Vo Thang T. Q. , Tran Ha T. T. ,   Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Vo Toan S. , Luong Ha T. ,   Falculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Le Tho P. ,   Bio Nong Lam Company Limited, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: May 2023

Edible bird's nest (EBN) crumbs are the by-product of the bird's nest industry. Despite having lower economic value compared to the original material, EBN crumbs still maintain high protein and carbohydrate content. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal hydrolysis condition for EBN crumbs using protease to achieve the maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH). Plackett Burman design was employed to identify the important factors. The results showed that enzyme loading, temperature and hydrolysis time had the strongest effect on the DH. These factors were subsequently subjected to the optimization study using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of EBN crumbs were at an enzyme loading of 4%, temperature of 51ºC, and hydrolysis time of 90 min. The experimental DH obtained at the optimized condition (63.5%) was close to the predicted DH (64.1%). The enzymatic hydrolysate prepared at the optimal condition showed relatively high amino acid concentration (151.6 ± 1.29 µg/mL) and radical scavenging activity (64.97 ± 0.79%) compared to the boiled sample with values of only 50.1 ± 2.43 µg/mL and 18.36 ± 0.17%, respectively. The resultant hydrolysate had no effect on some of the microorganisms employed in this study. The EBN crumbs hydrolysate inhibited tyrosinase activity with an IC50 of 70.22 µg/mL, greater than that of boiled EBN (IC50= 108.9 µg/mL). The results indicated that the EBN crumbs hydrolysate could be further applied in the cosmetic industry as a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for the formulation of beauty products.
Record management with a decision support system for faculty and employees association
Authors: Lance Jay Tristeza Montalban
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to develop a Record Management System with Decision Support System for the Faculty and Employees Association in Miagao Campus. The system allows for the creation, maintenance, and disposal of records in an organized manner, creating a transparent record management organization through a certain policy. The Decision Support System enhances the functional aspect of decision-making and data management. The developed system includes a Record Management component for faculty and employee data, used for updating personal records and determining individual benefits. Members can view their monthly contributions and dues, and the system provides a decision support system to evaluate if members can claim their benefits. Additionally, the system generates monthly reports and keeps records in the database system. The prototyping model was used in software development, and the ISO 25010 criteria for software evaluation was adopted to evaluate the system. Five IT experts and ten FEA members were randomly selected to evaluate the system, and based on the given criteria, the overall result of the evaluation was "very effective." The system meets the characteristics of software quality set by ISO 25010 standards, including functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and portability. Overall, the Record Management System with Decision Support System is an effective tool for managing records and supporting decision-making for the Faculty and Employees Association in Miagao Campus.
Allergo oncology: Targeted degranulation
Authors: Michael John Dochniak  , Cherie Annette Benson
Published: May 2023

Allergies are an inevitable part of life, no matter where we live. Without a doubt, the symptoms of allergies can cause severe physical and mental suffering. Although medical science has made great strides in suppressing allergy symptoms with medicines, immunotherapies, and virus-like particle technology (i.e., Allergy Vaccines), research indicates that allergies may be nature's cancer immunotherapy. Targeted degranulation explores breaking the immune-tolerance cancer barrier. This review will discuss how IgE-primed effector cells and allergenic vaccines may inhibit solid tumor progression.
IN SITU U-Pb DATING OF GARNET AND CASSITERITE FROM THE KANBAUK W-Sn(-F) SKARN DEPOSIT, DAWEI REGION, SOUTHERN MYANMAR: NEW INSIGHTS ON THE REGIONAL Sn-W METALLOGENY IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN TIN BELT
Authors: Zhao Wen Winston , Zhou Mei-Fu , Dudka Steven
Published: May 2023

Skarn ores have recently been identified beneath the historically mined placer Sn deposit at Kanbauk of the Dawei region, southern Myanmar. A large-tonnage skarn ore reserve at Kanbauk is estimated to be over 100 million tonnes, with reported ore grades of 0.17% WO3, 0.26% Sn, and 15.4% CaF2, potentially making it one of the largest W-Sn skarn deposits in the Southeast Asian tin belt. The mineralized skarns lie between marbles to the east and metasediments of the Mergui Group to the west. The timing of the mineralization is unclear, and thus the genetic relationship with regional magmatic events is not known. We report laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry U-Pb ages of garnet and cassiterite from the mineralized skarns. Garnet grains from the massive prograde skarns are typically subhedral to euhedral and show both sector and oscillatory zoning. They have 15 to 23% andradite (Ad), 55 to 67% grossularite (Gr), and 16 to 30% pyralspite (Py) (Ad15-23Gr55-67Py16-30) and contain 0.08 to 306 ppm U with a lower intercept 206Pb/238U age of 56.0 ± 1.5 Ma. Cassiterite grains from retrograde veinlets are subhedral to anhedral and have U contents from 110 to 12,000 ppm with a lower intercept 206Pb/238U age of 54.2 ± 1.7 Ma. Garnet and cassiterite have ages consistent within error and can be taken to indicate the formation of the Kanbauk W-Sn(-F) skarn deposit at around 55 Ma. Together with published ages of primary Sn-W deposits in the Dawei region, our study confirms a westwardly younging trend of mineralization toward the coast and provides support for rollback of the Neo-Tethyan subducting slab since the Late Cretaceous, which is considered as the main mechanism for the regional, extensive Sn-W mineralization.
Positive expressive writing interventions for improving wellbeing
Authors: Hoult Lauren
Published: May 2023

Positive expressive writing is a therapeutic technique that involves identifying, reflecting upon and writing expressively about positive aspects in life. This discussion piece provides a summary of the expressive writing paradigm and research findings on positive writing. In addition, it considers the possible mechanisms underpinning the link between positivity, written emotional expression and improved health and wellbeing. The importance of developing widely accessible, cost-effective and easily administered interventions for the general population are discussed. Further, this piece argues that research on who these interventions work for, how they should be delivered, and the aspects of health they influence, is warranted.
Psychosis: An ever-changing conceptualisation
Authors: Millar Chris
Published: May 2023

This discussion piece considers how the medical model conceptualises psychosis and how this differs from psychological and relational understandings. It aims to summarise how people are typically supported and normalise these experiences. Whilst the current medical model focuses on neuroscience, other approaches consider the wider, relational contexts in which these occur; subsequently there are a range of interventions. Western psychology must remember that there is cultural variation in psychotic phenomena which shapes how it is experienced and managed. Our modern approaches in categorising and treating psychosis should hold these different frameworks in mind, not forgetting lessons from the past and from different cultures. Consideration is given to how these models have been understood differently throughout history and culture, in comparison with evidence of what may be labelled as psychosis today.