bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Effect of Monitoring Tools and Automation of Temperature Control on Static Inverter Panel Power of Railbus Batara Kresna
Authors: Putra Muhammad Arjuna Anggara Putra , Amalia Zakiyah
Published: December 2024

The Static Inverter Panel is an electrical device designed to process electrical energy from the Railbus Batara Kresna generator to produce an output that meets the railbus's requirements. The static inverter panel often experiences cut-off due to excessively high panel temperatures. The static inverter panel will not operate until the temperature falls within the permissible specification limits, which is below ±70°C. The power of the static inverter panel must always be maintained to ensure the optimal performance of the railbus's electrical system. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of panel temperature and room temperature on the power of the static inverter panel. The study was conducted by developing a monitoring and automatic temperature control device that will regulate the static inverter panel's temperature. Data processing was performed by observing the graphs from each test. The study results indicate that as the panel temperature increases from 30.8°C to 47.6°C in the morning and afternoon, the panel power decreases. An increase in room temperature from 31.8°C to 38.0°C in the morning also causes a decrease in power. However, an increase in room temperature from 38.0°C to 42.5°C in the afternoon causes irregular changes in power.
Analisis Perbedaan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sebelum dan Sesudah Akuisisi
Authors: Hindriyani Nur Fajri , Handayani Elvyra , Asdani Andi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perbedaan kinerja keuangan perusahaan sebelum dan sesudah akuisisi pada perusahaan pengakuisisi di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Kinerja keuangan diukur dengan menggunakan rasio keuangan: Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), dan Return on Assets (ROA). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan mengambil data dari perusahaan pengakuisisi non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2017-2020, pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dengan sampel yang diperoleh dari 37 perusahaan. Periode pengamatan kinerja keuangan adalah 1 tahun sebelum dan 1 tahun setelah akuisisi. Uji non parametrik yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penelitian pada 4 rasio keuangan, CR, DER, TATO, dan ROA pada perusahaan pengakuisisi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dibandingkan sebelum dan sesudah akuisisi. Hal ini berarti bahwa peristiwa akuisisi tidak menciptakan sinergi bagi perusahaan dan perusahaan yang mengakuisisi yang mungkin disebabkan oleh lemahnya strategi yang diterapkan dan motif ekonomi bukanlah motif utama perusahaan melakukan akuisisi, melainkan motif non-ekonomi lainnya.
Pengaruh Debt Covenant, Tunneling Incentive, Dan Intangible Assets terhadap Keputusan Transfer Pricing pada Perusahaan Manufaktur
Authors: Sri W Dining Lulut , Bakhrudin  , Amerieska Siti
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh Debt Covenant, Tunneling Incentive dan Intangible Assets terhadap Transfer Pricing. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2017-2021. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 10 perusahaan selama 5 tahun. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Pengujian hipotesis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa Debt Covenant, Tunneling Incentive dan Intangible Assets berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Transfer Pricing. Secara parsial Debt Covenant dan Tunneling Incentives tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan Transfer Pricing, namun Intangible Assets menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap Transfer Pricing.
Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Portofolio Optimal pada Saham Jakarta Islamic Index 70 dan Indeks IDX80
Authors: Puspitasari Fransiska Meilania , Magdalena Marlina , Wijayanti Rika
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah saham yang membentuk portofolio optimal dari saham-saham yang tercatat pada Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII70) dan Indeks IDX80 dengan menggunakan metode Single Index Model dan mengetahui kinerja portofolio saham yang lebih baik antara JII70 dan Indeks IDX80 berdasarkan jumlah saham, expected return portofolio, risiko portofolio, dan pengukuran terhadap 3 indeks tersebut dengan menggunakan metode Risk Adjusted Performance pada periode 2019 – 2022. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, di mana terdapat 43 saham pada JII70 dan 17 saham pada Indeks IDX80 yang memenuhi kriteria pemilihan sampel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran kinerja portofolio saham pada JII70 dengan menggunakan Indeks Sharpe sebesar 0,36986, Indeks Treynor sebesar 0,01961 dan Indeks Jensen sebesar - 0,09869. Sedangkan pada indeks IDX80 menggunakan Indeks Sharpe sebesar 0,19292, Indeks Treynor sebesar 0,01147 dan Indeks Jensen sebesar -0,10116. Hal ini, berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kinerja portofolio pada JII70 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Indeks IDX80, karena dari hasil perhitungan ke-3 indeks tersebut, nilai JII70 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Indeks IDX80.
New reverse sum Revan indices for physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of anti-filovirus drugs
Authors: Tamilarasi W. , Balamurugan B. J.
Published: December 2024

Ebola and Marburg viruses, biosafety level 4 pathogens, cause severe hemorrhaging and organ failure with high mortality. Although some FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics like Ervebo for Zaire Ebola virus exist, still there is a lack of effective therapeutics that cover all filoviruses, including both Ebola and Marburg viruses. Therefore, some anti-filovirus drugs such as Pinocembrin, Favipiravir, Remdesivir and others are used to manage infections. In theoretical chemistry, a chemical molecule is converted into an isomorphic molecular graph, G (V,E) by considering atom set V as vertices and bond set E as edges. A topological index is a molecular descriptor derived from the molecular graph of a chemical compound that characterizes its topology. The relationship between a compound’s chemical structure and its properties is investigated through the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR). This article introduces new reverse sum Revan degree based indices to explore the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of anti-filovirus drugs via multilinear regression. The findings reveal a strong correlation between these proposed indices and the properties of anti-filovirus drugs when compared to reverse and Revan degree-based indices. Thus, reverse sum Revan indices offer valuable insights for analyzing the drugs properties used to treat Ebola and Marburg virus infections. Moreover, the multilinear regression (MLR) results through reverse sum Revan indices are compared with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modelling technique and it provides the better prediction of the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of anti-filovirus drugs.
Diagnosis and insight into the unique lung microbiota of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis patients by bronchoalveolar lavage using metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Authors: Zhou Haiyi , Pei Yi , Xie Qifang , Nie Wenjie , Liu Xiaoyan , Xia Han , Jiang Jie
Published: December 2024

Background

Although previous studies have reported the dysregulation of respiratory tract microbiota in infectious diseases, insufficient data exist regarding respiratory microbiota imbalances in the lower respiratory tracts of children with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). In this study, we assessed the value of mNGS in the pathogen diagnosis and microbiome analysis of PTB patients using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples.

Methods

A total of 64 participants, comprising 43 pediatric PTB and 21 pediatric pneumonia patients were recruited in the present study. BALF samples were collected from the above participants. Parallel comparisons between mNGS and conventional microbial test (CMT) pathogen detection were performed. Moreover, the diversity and structure of all 64 patients’ lung BALF microbiomes were explored using the mNGS data.

Results

Comparing to the final clinical diagnosis, mNGS in BALF samples produced a sensitivity of 46.51%, which was lower than that of TB-PCR (55.00%) and Xpert (55.00%). The diagnostic efficacy of PTB can be highly enhanced by mNGS combined with TB-PCR (AUC=0.8140, P<0.0001). There were no significant differences in the diversity either between patients with TB and pneumonia. Positive mNGS pathogen results in pediatric PTB patients significantly affect the β-diversity of the pulmonary microbiota. In addition, significant taxonomic differences were found in BALF specimens from patients with PTB and pneumonia, both of which have unique bacterial compositions.

Conclusions

mNGS is valuable in the etiological diagnosis of PTB, and can reveal pulmonary microecological characteristics. For pediatric PTB patients, the mNGS should be implemented early and complementary to CMTs.
Interoperability of health data using FHIR Mapping Language: transforming HL7 CDA to FHIR with reusable visual components
Authors: Bossenko Igor , Randmaa Rainer , Piho Gunnar , Ross Peeter
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Ecosystem-centered healthcare innovations, such as digital health platforms, patient-centric records, and mobile health applications, depend on the semantic interoperability of health data. This ensures efficient, patient-focused healthcare delivery in a mobile world where citizens frequently travel for work and leisure. Beyond healthcare delivery, semantic interoperability is crucial for secondary health data use. This paper introduces a tool and techniques for achieving health data semantic interoperability, using reusable visual transformation components to create and validate transformation rules and maps, making them usable for domain experts with minimal technical skills.

Methods

The tool and techniques for health data semantic interoperability have been developed and validated using Design Science, a common methodology for developing software artifacts, including tools and techniques.

Results

Our tool and techniques are designed to facilitate the interoperability of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by enabling the seamless unification of various health data formats in real time, without the need for extensive physical data migrations. These tools simplify complex health data transformations, allowing domain experts to specify and validate intricate data transformation rules and maps. The need for such a solution arises from the ongoing transition of the Estonian National Health Information System (ENHIS) from Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) to Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), but it is general enough to be used for other data transformation needs, including the European Health Data Space (EHDS) ecosystem.

Conclusion

The proposed tool and techniques simplify health data transformation by allowing domain experts to specify and validate the necessary data transformation rules and maps. Evaluation by ENHIS domain experts demonstrated the usability, effectiveness, and business value of the tool and techniques.
Remote-sensing characterization of surging glaciers in High Mountain Asia in the past two decades
Authors: Ke Linghong , Wang Ruizhe , Zhang Jinshan , Ding Xin
Published: December 2024

Glacier surge represents a special glacier behavior with abnormally high flow speeds, which can trigger catastrophic events, such as high-speed ice avalanches and glacial lake outburst floods, transforming landforms in the mountain cryosphere and impacting downstream communities. Glacier surges have been frequently observed in High Mountain Asia (HMA) in the past decades. Previous studies have been devoted to detecting and monitoring surge-type glaciers in HMA. Here we provide an updated inventory of surge-type glaciers from the literature and further extract key parameters of surge activities in HMA (active period, advance distance/rate of terminus, surging pattern, mass balance) based on time-series Landsat images and glacier surface elevation change datasets. Our inventory includes a total of 652 surge-type glaciers that surged at least once during 2000 and 2020. Surge-type glaciers exhibiting obvious spatial clustering are featured by long glacier tongues and gentle slopes. Mapping of terminus changes of 328 surge-type glaciers with clean or partly moraine-covered tongues reveal 337 surge events that occurred during the period. There are 9 glaciers exhibiting surge events twice, each lasting 2–5 years with a reoccurrence interval of ∼10 years. The length of the active period and advancing distance show a heavy-tailed distribution, with the advance rate exponentially decreasing with the extension of the active period. We identified 178 Alaska-type and 159 Svalbard-type glacier surges in HMA during the early 21st century. Glaciers in HMA are generally in a state of mass loss, but slight positive mass balance were observed in the northwestern regions where glacier surging concentrates. The differences in glacier-wide mass balance between surge-type and non-surge-type glaciers were not consistent in different subregions. Obvious glacier mass loss was observed in the post-surging period due to the transfer of glacier mass downstream with surging. The updated information on glacier surges in the HMA in the past two decades provides a basis for future glacier-related hazard monitoring and further understanding of glacier surge mechanisms in the region.
Minimal domain peptides derived from enterocins exhibit potent antifungal activity
Authors: Cohen Dorrian G. , Heidenreich Theresa M. , Schorey Jason W. , Ross Jessica N. , Hammers Daniel E. , Vu Henry M. , Moran Thomas E. , Winski Christopher J. , Stuckey Peter V. , Ross Robbi L. , Yee Elizabeth Arsenault , Santiago-Tirado Felipe H. , Lee Shaun W.
Published: December 2024

The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) circularized bacteriocin enterocin AS-48 produced by Enterococcus sp. exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity via dimer insertion into the plasma membrane to form membrane pore structures, compromising membrane integrity and leading to bactericidal activity. A specific alpha-helical region of enterocin AS-48 has been shown to be responsible for the membrane-penetrating activity of the peptide. The canon syn-enterocin peptide library, generated using rational design techniques to have ninety-five synthetic peptide variants from the truncated, linearized, membrane-interacting domain of enterocin AS-48, was screened against three clinically relevant fungal strains: Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Candida auris for potential antifungal activity. Twelve peptides exhibited antifungal activity against C. neoformans, and two peptides exhibited activity against C. albicans. The fourteen active antifungal peptides were minimally cytotoxic to an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCats). Four select peptides were identified with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) below 8 µM against C. neoformans. In 36-hour cell growth tests with these fungicidal peptides, fungicidal peptide no. 32 displayed inhibitory properties comparable to the leading antifungal medication fluconazole against C. neoformans. Screening of peptide no. 32 against a deletion library of C. neoformans mutants revealed that the mechanism of action of peptide no. 32 may relate to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) or polysaccharide capsule targeting. These findings importantly demonstrate that naturally derived AMPs produced by bacteria can be sourced, engineered, and modified to exhibit potent antifungal activity. Our results will contribute to the development of broad treatment alternatives to fungal infections and lend themselves to direct implications for possible treatment options for C. neoformans infections.
Sex-dependent modulation of T and NK cells and gut microbiome by low sodium diet in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Nowotny Hanna F. , Zheng Tingting , Seiter Thomas Marchant , Ju Jing , Schneider Holger , Kroiss Matthias , Sarkis Anna-Lina , Sturm Lisa , Britz Vera , Lechner Andreas , Potzel Anne L. , Kunz Sonja , Bidlingmaier Martin , Neuhaus Klaus , Gottschlich Adrian , Kobold Sebastian , Reisch Nicole , Schirmer Melanie , Reincke Martin , Adolf Christian
Published: December 2024

Background

High dietary sodium intake is a major cardiovascular risk factor and adversely affects blood pressure control. Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are at increased cardiovascular risk, even after medical treatment, and high dietary sodium intake is common in these patients. Here, we analyze the impact of a moderate dietary sodium restriction on microbiome composition and immunophenotype in patients with PA.

Methods

Prospective two-stage clinical trial including two subgroups: 15 treatment-naive PA patients compared to matched normotensive controls; and 31 PA patients on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment before and three months after sodium restriction. Patients underwent blood pressure measurements, laboratory tests, analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells via flow cytometry and microbiome analysis.

Results

We observed a higher percentage of Tregs in treatment-naive PA patients (p = 0.0303), while the abundance of Bacteroides uniformis was higher in PA patients compared to normotensive controls (p = 0.00027) and the abundance of Lactobacillus species however was higher in the subgroup of normotensive controls (p = 0.0290). Sodium restriction was accompanied by a decrease in pro-inflammatory Tc17 cells in male patients (p = 0.0081, females p = 0.3274). Bacteroides uniformis abundance was higher in female patients (0.01230, p = 0.0016) and decreased upon sodium restriction (0.002309, p = 0.0068).

Conclusion

Dietary sodium restriction in patients with PA modulates the peripheral immune cell composition toward a less inflammatory phenotype. This suggests a potential mechanism by which sodium reduction modulates immune cell composition, leading to blood pressure reduction and positively impacting cardiovascular risk.
Hyperglycemia causes differential change in macrophage population in the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and cornea
Authors: Alfuraih Saleh , Tran Amy , Kim Lois , Ansari Rais , Sharma Ajay
Published: December 2024

Background

Due to its location, the ocular surface is exposed to environmental microbes. Innate immune cells including macrophages are first line defense against infections. In vitro exposure to high glucose as well as diabetes-associated hyperglycemia has been shown to affect innate immune cell function and population. The present study was designed to examine the effect of diabetes-associated hyperglycemia on the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and cornea macrophage population, phenotypic changes and cytokines/chemokines.

Methods

Mouse model of Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used to induce hyperglycemia. Immunostaining for CD11b and F4/80 was performed to stain macrophages in whole mount cornea, conjunctiva and 50 µm lacrimal gland sections. Flowcytometry was performed on single cell suspension to identify macrophage phenotypes and activation using CD11b, F4/80, CD80, CD206 and MHCII staining. Real time PCR was performed to quantify gene expression for macrophage-associated cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and chemokine (CCL2).

Results

Our data demonstrates the diabetes-associated hyperglycemia caused a rapid onset and significant decrease in macrophage population in lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and cornea. The onset of this noted decrease was as early as 7 days after hyperglycemia in lacrimal gland and conjunctiva followed by a notable increase towards recovery only in conjunctiva but not in the lacrimal gland. The cornea tissue showed a steady decline up to the tested time point of 28 days. Further, hyperglycemia did not cause any notable changes in macrophage phenotypes, their activation status or the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL2 except in the cornea where an increase in the cytokine levels was noted after 7 days of hyperglycemia

Conclusion

Our data shows that diabetes-associated hyperglycemia can cause a significant decrease in microphage population with changing their plasticity or activation status in lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and cornea but the kinetics of decrease and recovery show differential pattern specific for each tissue.
Inhibition of the MyD88 signaling pathway could upregulates Ghrelin expression to synergistically regulate hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis-infected progression
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Zhou Tanfang , Chen Guangfeng , Wu Yuhui , Chen Xia , Song Ya , Tuohetali Ayinula , Gao Huijing , Pang Dongming , Wen Hao , Aimulajiang Kalibixiati
Published: December 2024

Introduction

AE and whether the inhibition of the MyD88 inflammatory pathway can enhance Ghrelin expression to collaboratively modulate AE progression remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated Ghrelin serum levels and changes in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway proteins and inflammatory factors in AE patients and E. multilocularis mouse models at different stages of infection (-4, -8, and -12 weeks). Additionally, we administered the MyD88 inhibitor TJ-M2010-5 intraperitoneally to infected mice to evaluate alterations in inflammation and Ghrelin levels, as well as disease progression.

Results

A decrease in serum Ghrelin levels in AE patients, whereas both Ghrelin and GHSR, along with TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway proteins and markers of M1/M2 macrophage polarization, exhibited increased expression in the inflammatory cell zones surrounding hepatic lesions. Similar findings were observed in E. multilocularis-infected mice. M1-type inflammatory expression predominated throughout the infection’s progression, with sustained high levels of Ghrelin counteracting inflammation. The TLR4/ MyD88/NF-κB pathway remained suppressed during the first 8 weeks, becoming activated only at 12 weeks. Inhibition of the MyD88 pathway resulted in reduced inflammation levels and upregulated Ghrelin expression, thereby collaboratively regulating the progression of hepatic infection.

Conclusion

These findings suggest an interactive regulation between the MyD88 inflammatory signaling pathway and Ghrelin, indicating that MyD88 inhibition could enhance Ghrelin expression to modulate the progression of E. multilocularis infection.
Controls on cobalt concentrations in ferromanganese crusts from the Magellan seamounts, west Pacific
Authors: Ren Xiangwen , Hein James R. , Yang Zanzhong , Xing Na , Zhu Aimei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cobalt is the most important critical element in ferromanganese crusts. Co concentration in the Fe-Mn crusts is one of the key parameters for determination of the Co resource. Thus, it is essential to clarify the controls on the variations of Co concentration of ferromanganese crusts.

Methods

To clarify the controls on Co concentration of hydrogenetic nonphosphatized ferromanganese crusts, an equation was deduced based on Fick’s First Law: Co(%)=Mn02(%)·Dsw·cswδ·zGR·Ssp, and eight potential controls were gleaned from this equation, including dilution, diffusivity of Co ions in seawater (Dsw), temperature which controls the Dsw, Co ion concentration in seawater (Csw), the diffusion distance of Co ions near the interface of seawater and Fe-Mn crusts (δ), thickness of one molecular layer (z), growth rate (GR), and specific surface area of Fe-Mn crusts (Ssp). To constrain the value of Co ion diffusion gradients (Csw¯/δ) and consequently verify the proposed equation, we determined the Co concentrations, growth rates, and specific surface area of the outermost layer of Fe-Mn crusts, and calculated diffusivity of Co2+.

Results

The Csw¯/δ for the Fe-Mn crusts from Caiwei seamount (Magellan seamounts) was determined to be 295-496 pM/mm, which are reasonable for the Co ion concentrations and seawater mixing in the deep ocean.

Discussion

According to the equation established in this study, the trend of decreasing Co concentrations in Fe-Mn crusts with increasing water depth is controlled mainly by dilution and to a lesser extent by seawater Co ion concentration, temperature of seawater, and consequently the diffusivity of Co ions in seawater.
Hydrophobic cement-based materials with micro-nano hierarchical structures: preparation, characterization, and stability assessment
Authors: Bian Xiaolei , Yao Wu , Liao Gang , Liang Guangwei , She Anming , Wei Yongqi
Published: December 2024

With the increasing demand for durable and sustainable building materials, the development of superhydrophobic cement-based materials has gained significant attention. In this study, superhydrophobic cement-based materials with layered structures were fabricated. By replicating microstructures from sandpaper and applying nanoparticles and low-surface-energy materials, we achieved a water contact angle of 155.7°. The resulting material demonstrates excellent waterproof performance, low adhesion forces, and high resistance to damage, providing valuable insights for the development of durable, waterproof building materials for sustainable construction.
Nurses’ professional quality of life and job satisfaction in Jordan
Authors: Hamdan Khaldoun M. , Allari Rabia S. , Baghdadi Nadiah A. , Andargeery Shaherah Yousef , Haymour Abdullah M. , Sabrah Evan , Shaheen Abeer M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Professional quality of life has received widespread concern in nursing over the last few years. Nurses with a high professional quality of life enthusiastically approach their work and provide excellent patient care. On the other hand, poor professional quality of life may affect nurses’ quality of care, resulting in job dissatisfaction and jeopardizing patient outcomes.

Aim

To examine the relationship between the professional quality of life and job satisfaction among registered nurses.

Method

A cross-sectional correlational design and convenience sampling were used. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Scale-Health and the Job Satisfaction Survey.

Results

The mean total score for the nurses’ job satisfaction survey was high 117.47 (SD = 27.26). The nature of work subscale had the highest mean, while the fringe benefits subscale had the lowest. The mean total score for the Professional Quality of Life Scale for Health Workers was moderate 98.41 (SD = 12.15). The Compassion Satisfaction subscale had the highest mean score, while the moral distress subscale had the lowest. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between nurses’ job satisfaction and professional quality of life for health workers.

Conclusion

Nursing supervisors need to be more aware of the variables influencing nurses’ professional quality of life and job to assess the degree of moral distress and satisfaction. Although nurses offer their patients physical, psychological, and spiritual care, their duties and interactions with patients can have a negative impact on them. As a result, nurses will be better equipped to care for patients if they have the assistance and support they need.
Gamma delta T cells in cancer therapy: from tumor recognition to novel treatments
Authors: Luo Xinyu , Lv Yufan , Yang Jinsai , Long Rou , Qiu Jieya , Deng Yuqi , Tang Guiyang , Zhang Chaohui , Li Jiale , Zuo Jianhong
Published: December 2024

Traditional immunotherapies mainly focus on αβ T cell-based strategies, which depend on MHC-mediated antigen recognition. However, this approach poses significant challenges in treating recurrent tumors, as immune escape mechanisms are widespread. γδ T cells, with their ability for MHC-independent antigen presentation, offer a promising alternative that could potentially overcome limitations observed in traditional immunotherapies. These cells play a role in tumor immune surveillance through a unique mechanism of antigen recognition and synergistic interactions with other immune effector cells. In this review, we will discuss the biological properties of the Vδ1 and Vδ2 T subsets of γδ T cells, their immunomodulatory role within the tumor microenvironment, and the most recent clinical advances in γδ T cell-based related immunotherapies, including cell engaging strategies and adoptive cell therapy.
Low-density scalp electrical source imaging of the ictal onset zone network using source coherence maps
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Parnia , Freibauer Alexander , RamachandranNair Rajesh , Whitney Robyn , Al Nassar Mutaz , Jain Puneet , Donner Elizabeth , Ochi Ayako , Jones Kevin C.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study investigated low-density scalp electrical source imaging of the ictal onset zone and interictal spike ripple high-frequency oscillation networks using source coherence maps in the pediatric epilepsy surgical workup. Intracranial monitoring, the gold standard for determining epileptogenic zones, has limited spatial sampling. Source coherence analysis presents a promising new non-invasive technique.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of 12 patients who underwent focal resections. Source coherence maps were generated using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography and concordance to resection margins was assessed, noting outcomes at 3 years post-surgery.

Results

Ictal source coherence maps were performed in 7/12 patients. Six of seven included the surgical resection. Five of seven cases were seizure free post-resection. Interictal spike ripple electrical source imaging and interictal spike ripple high-frequency oscillation networks using source coherence maps were performed for three cases, with two of three included in the resection and all three were seizure free.

Discussion

These findings may provide proof of principle supporting low-density scalp electrical source imaging of the ictal onset zone and spike ripple network using source coherence maps. This promising method is complementary to ictal and interictal electrical source imaging in the pediatric epilepsy surgical workup, guiding electrode placement for intracranial monitoring to identify the epileptogenic zone.
Selinexor in combination with venetoclax and decitabine in patients with refractory myelodysplastic syndrome previously exposed to hypomethylating agents: three case reports
Authors: Xiao Yunshuo , Yang Kun , Huang Qiuying , Wei Changqing , Wei Manlv , Geng Zhili , Wu Hui , Zhou Tianhong , Yin Xialoin , Zhou Yali
Published: December 2024

The management of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) refractory to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) remains a challenge with few reliably effective treatments. Preclinical studies have shown that the inhibition of the nuclear export protein XPO1 causes nuclear accumulation of p53 and disruption of NF-κB signaling; both of which are relevant targets for MDS. Selinexor is an XPO1 inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in MDS patients. Herein, we report three patients with MDS refractory to HMAs, however, when selinexor and venetoclax were added to the treatment regimen, the patients achieved a complete response and a significant reduction in spleen size. All patients successfully underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These cases demonstrate that the combination therapy can achieve CR and significant reductions in spleen size, offering a promising therapeutic option for patients with limited treatment choices. Combination therapy would also offer a potential way for patients to bridge to transplantation. Formal evaluations of this regimen in patients with MDS refractory to HMAs may be meaningful.
Catalpol promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in rats after multiple cerebral infarctions by mitochondrial regulation: involvement of the Shh signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Zishan , Li Feng , Zheng Xiaoyu , Zheng Jiarui , Dong Yilei , Ding Zhao , Gou Huanyu , Yao Mingjiang , Liu Jianxun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Ischemic stroke greatly threatens human life and health. Neuro-restoration is considered to be the critical points in reestablishing neurological function and improving the quality of life of patients. Catalpol is the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Dihuang, which has the beneficial efficacy in traditional remedy, is closely related to the mitochondrial morphology and function. In the present study, we investigated whether catalpol has a neurorestorative effect after multiple cerebral infarctions and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

In this study, male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were grouped according to neurological deficit scores to minimize differences between groups the second day: sham group, model group, Ginkgo biloba P.E (EGb) (Ginaton:18 mg/kg) group, model + CAT 30 mg/kg group (CAT 30), model + CAT 60 mg/kg group (CAT 60), and model + CAT 120 mg/kg group (CAT 120). From the first day to the fourteenth day after MCI, rats were given the corresponding doses of drugs by gastric administration every day(1 mL/100g), and from day 7 to day 14, all rats were injected with Brdu solution (50 mg/kg) i.p. Neuro-Function was assessed by the neurologic deficit scores. Then we observed measurement of brain atrophy and fluorescent Nissl staining. The expression of BrdU+/DCX+ cells and the BDNF concentrations were tested to observe the neuro-restoration effect. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Western blot (WB) were used to observed synaptogenesis. we observed the restoration of mitochondrial function by detecting the intracortical calcium and T-AOC content. Finally, we examined the protein and mRNA expression of shh signaling pathway through q-PCR and WB.

Results

Catalpol alleviated neurological deficits, reduced the degree of brain atrophy, as well as minimize pathological damage in the hippocampus and cortex. In addition, catalpol also promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis by improving the mitochondrial structure and promoting mitochondrial function, as evidenced by the up-regulation of positive expression of both Recombinant Doublecortin (DCX) and 5-Bromodeoxyuridinc (BrdU), the enhancement of the Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and the increase in the expression of synapse-associated proteins, Synaptophysin (SYP) and post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95). Finally, we observed that catalpol up-regulated the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Glioma-associated homologue-1 (GLI-1), factors related to the Shh signaling pathway.

Discussion

In conclusion, catalpol may regulate mitochondria through activation of the Shh signaling pathway and exert its role in promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis.
Apigenin as an emerging hepatoprotective agent: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Wang Cheng , Feng Xiaoli , Li Wen , Chen Li , Wang Xinming , Lan Yimiao , Tang Rong , Jiang Ting , Zheng Lingli , Liu Gang
Published: December 2024

Apigenin (C15H10O5, API) is a natural flavonoid widely found in vegetables, fruits, and plants such as celery, oranges, and chamomile. In recent years, API has attracted considerable attention as a dietary supplement due to its low toxicity, non-mutagenic properties and remarkable therapeutic efficacy in various diseases. In particular, evidence from a large number of preclinical studies suggests that API has promising effects in the prevention and treatment of a variety of liver diseases, including multifactorial liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and liver cancer. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress of research into the therapeutic applications of API in liver diseases as of August 2024, based on literature retrieved from databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The hepatoprotective effects of API involve multiple molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of inflammation, alleviation of hepatic oxidative stress, amelioration of insulin resistance, promotion of fatty acid oxidation, inhibition of liver cancer cell proliferation and differentiation, and induction of tumour cell apoptosis. More importantly, signaling pathways such as Nrf2, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NLRP3, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β1/Smad3, AMPK/SREBP, PPARα/γ, MAPKs, and Caspases are identified as key targets through which API exerts its beneficial effects in various liver diseases. Studies on its toxicity and pharmacokinetics indicate that API has low toxicity, is slowly metabolized and excreted in vivo, and has low oral bioavailability. In addition, the paper summarises and discusses the sources, physicochemical properties, new dosage forms, and current challenges and opportunities of API, with the aim of providing direction and rationale for the further development and clinical application of API in the food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
Stigmasterol mitigates estrogen-deficiency-induced osteoporosis through inhibition of phosphorylated p65 and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Zhao Qiangqiang , Chen Xingling , Mai Bin , Che Feihong , Zhang Zhen , Kang Pan , Hou Chengyu , Lu Lu , Xu Liangliang
Published: December 2024

Background

Osteoporosis is a pervasive bone metabolic disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of bone microstructure. Osteoclasts are playing a pivotal role in bone remodeling and resorption. Consequently, modulating osteoclast activity, particularly curbing their overactivation, has become a crucial strategy in clinical treatments. Stigmasterol (STG), a plant-derived phytosterol, has shown promise in inhibiting osteoclastic activity, although its precise biological mechanisms require further scientific investigation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential mechanisms by which STG inhibits osteoclasts and to further assess its impact on osteoporosis by establishing an Ovariectomy (OVX) model.

Methods

Initially, osteoclast differentiation was induced in vitro using RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand) on RAW 264.7 cells, followed by TRAP staining and F-actin banding to observe the effects of various concentrations of STG during osteoclast differentiation. The osteoclast-specific gene and protein expression changes were further analyzed using Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, exploring the RANKL-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. An OVX model was established in vivo to examine changes in bone mass through Micro-CT and Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and to assess osteoclast formation and characteristic protein expression through TRAP staining and Immunohistochemistry staining.

Results

In vitro experiments revealed that STG significantly inhibited osteoclast activity, as evidenced by reductions in osteoclast numbers and spreading areas, and a marked suppression of F-actin formation. On the molecular level, this compound effectively downregulated key osteoclast markers such as NFATc1, Acp5, c-Fos, and ΜMP9 in both gene and protein expressions. Western blot analysis showed that STG notably inhibited the phosphorylation of the p65 subunit in the NF-κB pathway, thus affecting the pathway’s activity. Further validation through OVX model indicated significant protective effects of STG against bone loss, as demonstrated by Micro-CT. Histopathological staining confirmed STG’s efficacy in reducing bone surface area and volume loss. Additionally, TRAP staining showed significant reductions in osteoclast number and surface area in the STG group compared to the OVX group, underscoring STG’s potential therapeutic role in bone metabolism regulation.

Conclusion

The findings reveal that STG effectively inhibits the phosphorylation of the p65 protein in the NF-κB pathway, and influences the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby reducing osteoclast formation and preserving bone mass. These mechanisms provide a crucial molecular basis for its potential therapeutic application in treating osteoporosis.
A global analysis of plant nutrient limitation affected by atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorous deposition
Authors: Du Lan , Tang Lisong , Zheng Xinjun , Li Yan
Published: December 2024

Uncovering the response of plant functional types (PFTs) to nutrient limitation caused by atmospheric deposition is critical for assessing the health of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change conditions. However, it remains unclear how atmospheric deposition and underlying ecological factors affect PFTs globally. To address this, we compiled a global dataset of four PFTs, i.e., herb, evergreen broad-leaf (EB), deciduous broad-leaf (DB), and conifer (CO), and utilized both linear mixed-effects models and structural equation models to describe the thresholds of their net primary productivity (NPP), and tested the relationships between their NPP and potential environmental drivers based on the N/P threshold hypothesis. We found that atmospheric N and P deposition non-linearly affected NPP and the effects were most pronounced for the EB, DB, and CO categories, with tipping points in the ranges of 8.32–9.33 kg N·ha−1·yr−1 and 0.20–0.30 kg P·ha−1·yr−1, respectively. Atmospheric N and P deposition negatively affected the NPP of approximately 53.68% and 43.88% of terrestrial ecosystem plants, respectively, suggesting increased P limitation and N saturation in most terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. We further determined that the N/P threshold hypothesis is applicable in assessing the effects of atmospheric N and P deposition on the growth of woody plants (EB, DB, and CO) through nutrient limitation. The results of this study will contribute to more effective landscape management in changing environments.
Inoculation with Micromonospora sp. enhances carbohydrate and amino acid production, strengthening antioxidant metabolism to mitigate heat stress in wheat cultivars
Authors: Hassan Abdelrahim H. A. , Ahmed Enas Shaban , Sheteiwy Mohamed S. , Alhaj Hamoud Yousef , Okla Mohammad K. , AlGarawi Amal Mohamed , Maridueña-Zavala Maria Gabriela , Alaraidh Ibrahim A. , Reyad Ahmed M. , Abdelgawad Hamada
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Heat stress caused by global warming adversely affects wheat yield through declining most nutritional quality attributes in grains, excluding grain protein content.

Methods

This research investigated the biochemical, physiological, and antioxidant responses of wheat plants under heat stress, focusing on the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria (Micromonospora sp.). Two wheat genotypes were studied: one heat-sensitive and one heat-tolerant, examining their responses to heat stress with and without bacterial inoculation.

Results

Under heat stress, the sensitive cultivar experienced significant reductions in photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, and RuBisCO activity (57-61%), while the tolerant cultivar had milder reductions (24-28%). Micromonospora sp. treatment notably improved these parameters in the sensitive cultivar (+48-78%), resulting in a substantial increase in biomass production (+43-53%), which was not seen in the tolerant cultivar. Additionally, oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) were elevated more in the sensitive cultivar (82% and 90% higher) compared to the tolerant one. Micromonospora sp. treatment effectively reduced these markers in the sensitive cultivar (-28% and -27%). Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and ASC-GSH pathway enzymes was particularly evident in Micromonospora sp.-treated sensitive plants. Carbohydrate metabolism shifted, with increased soluble sugars and significant rises in sucrose content in Micromonospora sp.-treated plants under stress.

Discussion

The higher soluble sugar levels facilitated amino acid synthesis, contributing to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. This was reflected in increased activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate (CA) 4-hydroxylase, and chalcone synthase enzymes, indicating the activation of phenylpropanoid pathways. Overall, the findings suggest that Micromonospora sp. can mitigate heat stress effects by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense, and metabolic adaptations in heat-sensitive wheat cultivars.
Deciphering network dysregulations and temporo-spatial dynamics in disorders of consciousness: insights from minimum spanning tree analysis
Authors: Dai Yangyang , He Qiheng , Wang Shan , Cao Tianqing , Chai Xiaoke , Wang Nan , Dong Yijun , Wong Peiling , He Jianghong , Duan Feng , Yang Yi
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The neural mechanism associated with impaired consciousness is not fully clear. We aim to explore the association between static and dynamic minimum spanning tree (MST) characteristics and neural mechanism underlying impaired consciousness.

Methods

MSTs were constructed based on full-length functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals and fMRI signal segments within each time window. Global and local measures of static MSTs, as well as spatio-temporal interaction characteristics of dynamic MSTs were investigated.

Results

A disruption or an alteration in the functional connectivity, the decreased average coupling strength and the reorganization of hub nodes were observed in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS) and patients with vegetative state (VS). The analysis of global and local measures quantitatively supported altered static functional connectivity patterns and revealed a slower information transmission efficiency in both patient groups. From a dynamic perspective, the spatial distribution of hub nodes exhibited relative stability over time in both normal and patient populations. The increased temporal variability in multiple brain regions within resting-state networks associated with consciousness was detected in MCS patients and VS patients, especially thalamus. As well, the increased spatial variability in multiple brain regions within these resting-state networks was detected in MCS patients and VS patients. In addition, local measure and spatio-temporal variability analysis indicated that the differences in network structure between two groups of patients were mainly in frontoparietal network and auditory network.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that altered static and dynamic MST characteristics may shed some light on neural mechanism underlying impaired consciousness.