bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural behaviour of CFRP reinforced concrete members under monotonic and cyclic long-term loading
Authors: El Ghadioui Redouan , Hiesch Dominik , Bujotzek Lukas , Proske Tilo , Graubner Carl-Alexander
Published: June 2021

A large percentage of the damages to reinforced concrete structures is caused by corrosion of the reinforcement steel, which often leads to expensive repairs or new construction of existing structures. Due to their high strength and resistance to corrosion, reinforcements made of carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are becoming more and more important in structural engineering. It is expected, that the service life of CFRP reinforced concrete (RC) members can be significantly increased as the strength-reduction due to corrosion is negligible compared to conventional RC members. Therefore, precise knowledge of the long-term behaviour of CFRP RC members is required in order to ensure safe and economic design. This paper presents experimental investigations on the long-term behaviour of CFRP RC members as well as steel-reinforced RC members under monotonic and cyclic long-term loading with varying load levels, different cross-sectional shapes and shear slendernesses. Accompanying experiments on the concrete creep behaviour that were conducted within the investigations are shown. Within the scope of the experiments, the deflections as well as the strains on the top and bottom side of the RC members were measured using displacement sensors and strain gauges. The experimental data is evaluated, especially with regard to the time-dependent deflections. The data is compared to existing mechanical and empirical models, which are usually derived for steel-reinforced RC members. Based on the experimental data, the time-dependent reduction of stiffness and conclusions for the calculation of deflections are shown.
Stein's method in two limit theorems involving the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution
Authors: Konzou Essomanda
Published: June 2021

The generalized hyperbolic (GH) distribution converges in law to the generalized inverse Gaussian (GIG) distribution under certain conditions on the parameters. When the edges of an infinite rooted tree are equipped with independent resistances that are inverse Gaussian or reciprocal inverse Gaussian distributions, the total resistance converges almost surely to some random variable which follows the reciprocal inverse Gaussian (RIG) distribution. In this paper we provide explicit upper bounds for the distributional distance between GH (resp. infinite tree) distribution and their limiting GIG (resp. RIG) distribution applying Stein's method.
“Cycling … is Not Going to Occur Naturally”: A View on the Research Agenda for Bicycle Mobility in Urban South Africa
Authors: Jennings Gail
Published: June 2021

Although drafting might be an effective bicycle racing practice, closely following someone else’s lead is not necessarily the best course of action when it comes to bicycle planning – particularly in emerging or starter cycling cities that have dramatically different complexities, contexts, and urban forms, to the exemplars of the literature. This contribution reflects on the knowledge gaps, policy transfer concerns, and most pressing research needs in South African cities, if the institutional and activist promotion of everyday cycling is to achieve its objectives. From the outset, a better understanding of the role played by past and current inequity on cycling acceptability is required. A mindful examination of who promotes cycling, to whom, and how, is key: a narrative that seems shaming, coercive, or a knowing better, is an unwise basis from which to redirect our automobile trajectory.
Enhancing the Value of Patents as Corporate Assets in South Africa: How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assist?
Authors: Ndlovu Lonias
Published: June 2021

Although the accounting definition of assets contemplates intangible, abstract assets such as those embodied in intellectual property (IP), South African company law largely views IP as a legal and not a business asset. This paper tentatively suggests an approach that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to mitigate weaknesses in the South African patent law relating to the absence of patent searches and examinations. It is hoped that using AI will enable the filing of quality patents that satisfy the prescribed patentability criteria. High-quality patents will allow companies to accumulate patents as corporate assets. The approach is based on the algorithmic use of AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, deep learning alongside the Internet of Things, and IP analytics to strengthen South Africa’s IP system and create asset value for corporations. The paper recommends using the proposed AI technologies by companies and the Patents Office to enable the filing of high-quality patents, which will lead to the accumulation of corporate assets in the form of patents. The methodology is doctrinal, and the paper relies on recent literature on IP and AI, South African law, case law and examples drawn from studies conducted in other countries.
Hate crime based on disability in South Africa. Lessons for law reform
Authors: Holness Willene
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT When contemplating whether to introduce disability hate crime as a new substantive offence or as a penalty enhancement of existing crimes, legislators should consider the peculiarities of reporting, investigating and prosecuting hate crimes perpetrated against disabled people. This article argues that existing laws on sexual offences, domestic violence, harassment, and unfair discrimination should be strengthened, and research should be conducted to identify the appropriate initiatives to prevent and attend to disability hate crime by and with persons with disabilities. Creating a substantive hate crime based on disability has symbolic value, but should only be considered if the existing challenges to full and meaningful participation by persons with disabilities in investigative and court proceedings are addressed through appropriate procedural accommodations.
Нормализованный дифференцированный вегетационный индекс охраняемых ландшафтов юга Беларуси
Authors: Гусев Андрей Петрович , Шпилевская Наталья Станиславовна , Филончик Николай Николаевич
Published: June 2021

Цель. Провести оценку временных трендов усредненных значений NDVI за летний сезон как индикаторов экологического состояния особо охраняемых природных территорий юга Беларуси. Материалы и методы. В статье использовались данные MOD13Q1, которые содержат значения NDVI, рассчитанные по результатам съемки спутника Terra (радиоспектрометр MODIS). Результаты и обсуждение. На основе продукта MOD13Q1 определены усредненные значения NDVI для летнего сезона в период 2000-2019 гг. для каждой особо охраняемой природной территории (ООПТ). Рассчитаны параметры уравнений линейного тренда NDVI и оценена их статистическая значимость. Установлено, что из 20 изученных ООПТ статистически значимые уравнения тренда и коэффициенты детерминации имеют 10 ООПТ (ландшафтный заказник «Мозырские овраги», национальный парк «Припятский, биологический заказник «Чирковичи» и другие). Точность подбора уравнений тренда характеризуется как средняя (R2=0,3-0,5). Для этих ООПТ характерно достоверное увеличение NDVI в 2000-2019 гг. Рассмотрены вероятные причины многолетних трендов значений NDVI в ООПТ юга Беларуси. Заключение. Положительный тренд усредненных за летний период значений NDVI указывает на увеличение зеленой фитомассы в охраняемых ландшафтах за счет восстановительных сукцессий. Выявлено отсутствие статически достоверных отрицательных трендов значений NDVI в Полесских ООПТ. Это указывает на удовлетворительное состояние охраняемых экосистем.
Моделирование рядов среднегодовых расходов воды рек Разлив и Промысловая
Authors: Спирин Юрий Александрович
Published: June 2021

Цель работы - произвести моделирование рядов среднегодовых расходов воды р. Разлив и р. Промысловая с использованием данных о кратковременных наблюдениях. Материалы и методы. В основу моделирования лег метод «Монте-Карло». Для его реализации, были использованы данные о кратковременных гидрологических наблюдениях за исследуемыми реками, а также учтены гидрологические особенности территории. Результаты и обсуждение. Смоделированы ряды среднегодовых расходов и на их основе построены кривые обеспеченности. Рассчитаны средние многолетние расходы, средние квадратические отклонения, коэффициенты асимметрии и вариации и их отношения, коэффициенты автокорреляции. Заключение. Рассчитанные величины среднего многолетнего расхода, коэффициента асимметрии, вариации и автокорреляции мало отличаются от заданных величин (менее чем на 10 процентов). Наибольшее отличие получено у параметров трехпараметрического гамма-распределения а и b: -55,10 % и -33,96 %. Графики теоретических и рассчитанных кривых обеспеченности среднегодовых расходов практически не различаются, следовательно, сгенерированный ряд имеет заданное распределение. Полученные расчетные величины имеют высокую степень доверия, поскольку в основу теоретических характеристик легли как данные кратковременных измерений непосредственно на исследуемых водных объектах, так и полученные на базе рек аналогов территориальные гидрологические особенности. Одной из таких особенностей можно отметить хорошую синхронность колебаний речного стока среди водотоков в районе исследования. Полученные данные могут сыграть важную роль в планировании их использования, а также в различных проектных мероприятиях по развитию водопользования.
Ecological Network Model in Shahdagh National Park
Authors: Джабраилов Эмиль Акиф оглы
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of creating an ecological network that includes core areas, buffer zones, ecological corridors, and restoration areas in the section of the Shamakhi district of the Shahdagh National Park (Azerbaijan). Materials and methods. As materials, we used vector and raster data, as well as literature materials to determine and analyse the elements of an ecological network. Operations were performed by using ArcGIS 10.8 and ERDAS Imagine software. During the field research, observations were made in order to match the elements of the ecological network with the cameral study. Results. In the article, protected natural areas are presented as the core areas and the surrounding areas as buffer zones under the relevant legislation. Riverbeds, mountain passes, trails, and forests which should be planted in the areas we offer, were considered as main factors during the construction of ecological corridors in the national park and the buffer zones. In this case, “least-cost” modelling was applied and ecological corridors were designated to ensure connectivity between core areas. As a result, the optimal ecological network model for the study area has been developed and mapped in the article. Conclusion. The high growth rate of consumption of natural resources led to the loss of biodiversity in the last decades. At present, it is important to take the necessary measures, and connectivity of ecosystems and natural complexes play an important role in sustainability. The presented model in the study can help to conserve biodiversity, reduce anthropogenic impacts, eliminate environmental barriers, and develop appropriate forms of land use.
Вариация стока и его факторов
Authors: Чеботарев Н. П.
Published: June 2021

Редакция журнала «Вестник ВГУ Серия: География. Геоэкология» публикует монографию Н. П. Чеботарева «Вариация стока и его факторов». Проблема, поднятая автором в середине XX века, актуальна и сегодня. Однако монография Н. П. Чеботарева стала библиографической редкостью уже сразу после выхода в свет. Текст книги воспроизводится в авторском варианте. Для понимания важности проблемы в современных исследованиях в области гидрологии публикацию книги предваряет комментарий кандидата географических наук С. Д. Дегтярева (Вестник ВГУ Серия: География. Геоэкология, 2018, № 3).
Generation of Immunodeficient Mice Bearing Human Immune Systems by the Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells v1
Authors: Hasgur Suheyla , Edwin Aryee Ken , D. Shultz Leonard , L. Greiner Dale , Michael A. Brehm and
Published: June 2021

Immunodeficient mice are being used as recipients of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for in vivo analyses of human immune system development and function. The development of several stocks of immunodeficient Prkdc scid ( scid ), or recombination activating 1 or 2 gene ( Rag1 or Rag2 ) knockout mice bearing a targeted mutation in the gene encoding the IL2 receptor gamma chain ( IL2r γ) have greatly facilitated the engraftment of human HSC and enhanced the development of functional human immune systems. These “humanized” mice are being used to study human hematopoiesis, human-specific immune therapies, human-specific pathogens, and human immune system homeostasis and function. The establishment of these model systems is technically challenging, and levels of human immune system development reported in the literature are variable between laboratories. The use of standard protocols for optimal engraftment of HSC and for monitoring the development of the human immune systems would enable more direct comparisons between humanized mice generated in different laboratories. Here we describe a standard protocol for the engraftment of human HSC into 21-day old NOD-scid IL2r γ ( NSG) mice using an intravenous injection approach. The multi-parameter flow cytometry used to monitor human immune system development and the kinetics of development are described. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants AI046629, AI112321, DK104218, CA034196, and OD018259 and grants from the Helmsley Charitable Trust and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. The authors would like to thank to TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for the research support (2214A). MAB and DLR are consultants for the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME).The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Influence of Substituting Sucrose with Date Palm Fruit Flour (DPFF) on the Nutritional and Organoleptic Properties of Bread
Authors: Awofadeju Oluwayemisi Foluke Jonathan , Awe Adeola Bosede , Adewumi Olayinka Janet , Adewumi  Adeyemo Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

The influence of substituting sucrose with date palm fruit flour (DPFF) on the
nutritional and sensory attributes in bread production was studied. Bread was
baked in varying proportions of sucrose and date palm fruit flour as follows:
(100% sucrose: 0% DPFF), (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF) and (0% sucrose: 100%
DPFF). The results of proximate analysis showed that (100% sucrose: 0%
DPFF) had 61.90% carbohydrate and fat (3.73%) contents significantly
(p<0.05) higher than (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF) and (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF). The protein, ash and fiber contents of (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) were
6.27, 3.67 and 2.03% higher (p<0.05) than (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) and
(50% sucrose: 50% DPFF), respectively. Result of mineral composition
showed that (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) scored highest in calcium, phosphorus,
iron, zinc, copper and selenium while (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) had least
value with the exception of zinc and selenium where (100% sucrose: 0%
DPFF) and (50% sucrose: 50% DPFF) have the same values (0.10 and 0.01
mg/100 g), respectively and not significantly different from one another.
General acceptability was highest for (100% sucrose: 0% DPFF) followed in
descending order by (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) and (50% sucrose: 50%
DPFF). However, the study recommend (0% sucrose: 100% DPFF) as
sweetener for bread production above (100%: 0% sucrose) and (50%: 50%
DPFF) because it provides wide range of essential nutrients with many
potential health benefits. However, there should be public enlightenment on the
nutritional importance of date palm fruit and inclusion of date palm fruit flour
in Nigerian diet better than sugar as this will reduce malnutrition, increase
employment and boost Nigerian economy.
Approaches to Simulation of Interaction of Concentrated Solar Radiation with Materials
Authors: Paizullakhanov Muhammad S. , Akbarov Rasul Yu.
Published: June 2021

The paper analyzes approaches to modeling the processes of interaction of concentrated solar radiation with materials. The experimental results obtained on the synthesis of materials from a melt in a solar furnace are presented. It is shown that when melting in a solar furnace under the influence of concentrated solar radiation of high density due to the acceleration of the recovery process, it is possible to obtain a fine-grained microstructure that gives the material enhanced mechanical and dielectric properties. It is shown that the relationship between the structure and properties of the materials obtained with the technological parameters of melting and cooling in a solar furnace can be used as an approach to modeling the interaction of concentrated solar radiation with materials
ROLE OF FECAL CALPROTECTIN IN DIFFERENTIATION OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES IN PATIENTS COMPLAINING OF ABDOMINAL SYMPTOMS AND REFERRED FOR COLONOSCOPY
Authors: Mahmood Trifa , Mohammed Mohammed , Gharib Dana , Mohamad Taha , Mohammed Muhsin , Rahim Araz
Published: June 2021

Background 

The difficulty in differentiating functional gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases in patients presenting with abdominal symptoms direct us to the use of fecal inflammatory biomarkers that are specific to intestinal inflammation.

Objectives 

To assess the benefits of fecal calprotectin (FC) in patients presenting with lower abdominal symptoms. Also, correlating the FC and CRP titer with abdominal pain severity.

Patients and Methods

Prospective cross-sectional study in Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH), Sulaimaniyah city, Northern Iraq. A total of 174 patients with IBS according to Rome IV criteria, who visited KCGH, met the inclusion criteria. FC titer measured before colonoscopy appointment, abdominal pain severity scored according to visual scale, and colonoscopy performed by a specialized gastroenterologist. 

Results

The FC level was below 50ug/g for 91.3% of patients with normal endoscopy; all of the IBD cases had FC level above 100ug/g. Seven of the eight patients with non-inflamed polyp or diverticuli had an FC level of less than 50ug/g. Moreover, in this study, the CRP level is also significantly higher among IBD cases than in patients with normal colonoscopy. 

Conclusion

FC titer is a useful measure before the decision for colonoscopy especially in cases not having alarm symptoms and other comorbidities. FC and CRP level is associated with the severity of abdominal pain.
USING CYSTATIN C TO ASSESS KIDNEY DAMAGE IN BETA THALASSEMIC PATIENTS RESIDING IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Najat Dereen , Karim Lana
Published: June 2021

Background 

In beta-thalassemia, major patients usually have anemia and iron overload which affects the function of many organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. Many previous studies concentrated on heart and liver complications, but fewer researches have focused on kidney dysfunction.

Objectives

Our main aim was to study renal dysfunction in BTM patients in the Sulaimani thalassemia center, using both novel urinary dysfunction markers (cystatin C) and traditional urine biomarkers.

Methods

This study was a case-control study (101 thalassemic patients and 97 controls). We studied the hematological parameters of the patients; we also assessed kidney function using cystatin c, serum creatinine, and blood urea and albumin creatinine ratio. T-test was used to assess the difference between study and control groups.

Results

Our results for the thalassemic group were as follow; serum iron levels were 240.27 (std.= ±80.80) µg/dl, mean serum ferritin was 1559.32 (std= ±1066.02) ng/ml; mean haemoglobin levels were 7.99 (std=± 1.14). The mean blood urea was 26.13 mg/dl (std.= ±7.38), serum creatinine was 0.43 mg/dl (std.=±0.16). The mean urinary albumin creatinine ratio was 271.14 mg/g (std=±131.23); mean eGFR (creatinine) was 170.0 (std.=101.1); mean eGFR (cystatin c) was 76.7 ml/min/1.73 (std.=±39.5).

Conclusion

Our results showed the majority of BTM were anaemic and suffered from iron overload despite the use of iron chelating agents. Our kidney function tests showed that although traditional urinary markers doesn’t show kidney damage, the novel biomarker cystatin C showed BTM might have early kidney damage.
COMBINED RHOMBOID FLAP AND DOUBLE Z-PLASTY TECHNIQUE FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF POSTBURN WEB SPACE CONTRACTURES
Authors: Mustafa Sabir , Hassan Zhwan
Published: June 2021

Background 
One of the most common deformities after the occurrence of hand burn is web space contracture which has both aesthetic and functional drawbacks. In this prospective study combined rhomboid and double Z-plasty technique is used to reconstruct web space contracture.
Objectives 
Is to assess a combination of the rhomboid flap with a double Z-plasty technique for reconstruction of palmar and dorsal web space contractures to decrease shortcoming and achieve better functional and aesthetic results.
Patients and methods
18 webs of 9 patients with postburn web space contracture of palmar and dorsal type were submitted to reconstruction using combined rhomboid and double Z-plasty technique.
Results
The average age of the 9 patients included in our study was 24 years and most of them developed web space contracture as a result of a flame burn. The duration of their contracture ranged between (2-20) years. Our patients were satisfied with the results both regarding the functional and aesthetic appearance of the webspace. After using this technique for reconstruction of 18 webs which were included in our study, we didn’t notice any significant complications in terms of flap necrosis, digital ischemia, wound dehiscence or infection, and recurrence of contracture.
Conclusion
The combined rhomboid flap and double Z-plasty technique is a simple and effective method for reconstruction of postburn web space contracture of the hands.
PERFORMANCE OF SELF-CARE ACTIVITIES AMONG HEART FAILURE PATIENTS AT RANYA GENERAL HOSPITAL KURDISTAN –IRAQ
Authors: Mustafa Rezan , Amen Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Background 
Heart failure is a major and growing public health problem worldwide that a negative impact on self-care. Self-care is a crucial task for controlling the negative consequences of the illness. Insufficient self-care leads to poor health outcomes and re-hospitalization.
Objectives 
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the Self-care activities performance in patients admitted to Ranya general hospital and to explore the relationship between self-care and patients’ characteristics.
Patients and Methods
A convenience sample technique was used to enroll 86 patients with heart failure to present a descriptive study conducted at Ranya general hospital from January to November 2019. The data were collected through a questionnaire by direct interview. Participants, self-care was assessed with the Self-care of Heart Failure Index. Verbal consent and ethical approval were obtained, the data analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Results
The findings revealed that the self-care maintenance, management, and confidence scores were: (52.9±8.8, 63.1±9.3), and (59.6±9.9) respectively. Higher scores indicate better self-care. None of the self-care subscales reached the self-care adequacy cut point of 70. The score of the self-care subscale was higher in better educated, obese patients who had low self-care maintenance and confidence, female. Longer duration and a more severe class of heart failure owned a greater score of self-care management, while self-care maintenance was higher in more severe cases. 
Conclusion
Self-care performance was inadequate in heart failure patients; participants’ age, gender, educational status, BMI, and the severity of heart failure significantly associated with participants’ self-care performance.
Obesity Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Duhok City
Authors: Rasool Suzan
Published: June 2021

Background: PCOS is linked to obesity, increased risk of metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular adverse manifestations.  About 30-75% of women with PCOS are obese.  Aim of the study: This study aimed to estimate the obesity parameters in PCOS and compare these results to women without PCOS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the BMI and Waist/Hip ratio of 150 women with established PCOS according to the diagnostic criteria were compared to 100 age-matched healthy women. Results: 95 patients and 50 of the comparison group were obese. The difference in the mean of BMI in PCOS patients and the comparison group was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). The Waist/Hip ratio was above 0.85 in 91 patients and 73 healthy individuals and statistically, the difference was not significant when a cut-off point of 0.85 is considered (P > 0.05 unpaired T-test). Conclusions: BMI was found to be a more sensitive parameter than Waist/Hip ratio, in the determination of obesity-associated with PCO.
The impact of breastfeeding during the third stage of labor on postpartum haemorrhage according to Higham Chart among women Attending Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City
Authors: Saeed Mahabat , Mohammed Atiya
Published: June 2021

One of the most important factor influencing the maternal health is postpartum haemorrhage. Immediate breastfeeding after birth is beneficial for releasing natural oxytocin that led to contracting uterus and reducing hemorrhage. To identify the impacts of breastfeeding on postpartum haemorrhage based on Higham chart. The design, a quasi-experimental study, post-test, only control was applied. Non- probability purposive was as sampling technique. Data collection was continued from 26th of February 2020 to 30th of July 2020. Three hundred women were selected from labor word, in the labor ward; these parturient women were equally divided into experimental group, applying early initiation of breastfeeding and control group, following the routine hospital care. In addition to a questionnaire, Pictorial Blood Assessment Cart (PBAC) was used to investigate the postpartum bleeding pattern of women in the labor's third stage. The chart of pictorial blood assessment is according to the presence of clots and the visual appearance of stained pads. According to Higham chart, in the experimental group, within 300 mothers 130 (86.7%) had a mild postpartum haemorrhage, 18 (12.0%) had a moderate postpartum haemorrhage and only 2 (1.3%) had severe postpartum haemorrhage; where in the control group, 32.7% and 30.7% of the women developed severe and moderate postpartum hemorrhage respectively. It is revealed that the extent of postpartum hemorrhage of the experimental group was greatly lower than the control group. Breastfeeding immediately after the birth is effective for decreasing the postpartum hemorrhage.
Impact of Quarantine Time in COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Parents and their Children
Authors: Abdulkareem Awayi , Qader Delan , Ismael Niyan , Faris Gona
Published: June 2021

On 11 March, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to respond COVID-19 threat on public health, different countries adopted various social distancing measures and/or locked down their communities completely. As a results of all these measures, global health crisis and  other global crises have overlapped. The present cross-sectional quantitative study was aimed at determining the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on parents and their children in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. For this purpose, an online questionnaire-based survey was carried out using a constrictive tool. The study was conducted from the 1st to the 18th of September 2020. The online survey was participated by a total of 1,010 family members. According to the results, 69.5% of the participants were mothers, aged 30 to 39 years, 66.4% were college graduates, and 34.7% gained weight during the lockdown. It was also seen that getting infected, spending a lot of time with electronic devices, stress, and obesity risk have been referred to as the participants’ main concerns.
Stratigraphy, Geometry, and pattern of Imbricated zones, NW Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Ahmed Sirwan
Published: June 2021

The High Folded and Imbricated zones are the formalized name represent the part of the Tectonic sub-division of Iraq and Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). The study of compressional deformation and Stratigraphy are the keys to identify thrust faults structures and define the sequence of thrusting in High Folded and Imbrication zones as a part of Zagros Fold and Thrust Belts. Through this study, we try to describe the compressional thrust faults and stratigraphical unit description. Thrust faults make repetition of the sequences of Jurassic-Triassic Cretaceous sequence over thrust above Cretaceous sequences. In Iran-Iraq border close to Sirwan valley the large thrust faults (Sirwan-Sazan Thrust faults) identify. The fault system makes Triassic formations over-thrust the Valanginian-Albian Balambo Formations. In Balakayati area serious thrust fault exists, which creates twice repetition of Jurassic-Cretaceous formations forming imbrication thrusting system and fault propagation fold. In Bradost-Korek anticlines the Jurassic-Cretaceous formations over-thrust Cenozoic formations. In Kamosk anticline the thrust faults are in the Cretaceous formations. The dimension and the style of the thrust faults are different but generally, most of the decollement layers of the thrusting are the Early Triassic and Middle-Late Jurassic formations. The collection of all these results constrain geological cross-section in Imbricate Zone and restore to obtain the 7.5 km distance of Shortening due to folding and faulting.
Microbial and Heavy Metal Contamination in Five Brands of Kohl Used in Sulaimani City
Authors: Rasheed Banaz , Ali Seenaa , Al-Jaff Parekhan
Published: June 2021

Kohl is a traditional eyeliner widely used among Middle East people. There is a growing concern about using Kohl due to its potential human health risks. Over the last decades, Kohl has gained a bad reputation due to its high contamination with microorganisms and the high concentration of heavy metals. This descriptive study aims to detect the microbial content and some heavy metals concentration such as lead and Antimony in kohl samples available in the local markets of Sulaimani city. Detection of microbial content was done by using six different types of culture media and gram staining techniques with some biochemical tests, and the final identification was done by the automated system VITEK 2. The analytical test for heavy metals was performed by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The results showed that two samples were contaminated with uncommon gram-negative bacteria (Pantoea agglomerans and Dilftia acidovorans) and one with gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus mycoides) while there is no evidence for fungal contamination. The concentrations of lead in the two samples were over the limit with a remarkable concentration of 1491 and 1117 ppm. Also, an unacceptable concentration of Antimony was recorded in one sample with 10.65 ppm. According to our results, the brands of the kohl that are sold in Sulaimani city are not safe for use because it might serve as a vehicle for the transmission of potentially pathogenic organisms or loaded with heavy metal. Therefore, this cosmetic product must be thoroughly evaluated for safety before marketing.
Result Involution Graphs of Finite Groups
Authors: Jund Asaad , Salih Haval
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a new kind of graph on a finite group , namely the result involution graph is defined and studied. We use to denote this graph, is a simple undirected graph with vertex set.  Two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if their product is nontrivial involution element in . The result involution graph for several finite groups are obtained. We study some properties of the result involution graph by resizing graph by using the conjugacy classes of . Finally, we show that the result involution graphs for the symmetric groups and the alternating groups are connected with diameter at most 3 and radius at most 2 for. Furthermore, they have girth 3.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA TUTORIAL UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KOGNITIF PROSEDURAL
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Sari Luluk Pramita , Degeng I Nyoman Sudana ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Praherdhiono Henry ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Penelitian pengembangan bertujuan menghasilkan produk multimedia tutorial yang layak memfasilitasi kognitif prosedural siswa. Penelitian ini ialah Research and Development. Acuan model yang digunakan yaitu model menurut Lee & Owens. Review produk multimedia tutorial dilaksanakan oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Uji coba produk melibatkan 6 audiens kelas V SDN 1 Sumberdadap Tulungagung. Simpulan data hasil review produk memperoleh tanggapan positif dalam kategori layak.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN KELAS XI
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Ramadhan Dhifa Putra , Susilaningsih Susilaningsih ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Husna Arafah ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menjelaskan adakah hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan Google Classroom dengan hasil belajar pebelajar kelas XI. Jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian korelasional. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah USE Questionnaries dan hasil penialaian akhir semester pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 80 orang yang ditentukan melalui teknik propotional random sampling dengan cara undian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Google Classroom memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan hasil belajar dan hubungan tersebut berjenis hubungan positif, artinya kenaikan pada nilai variabel penggunaan Google Classroom yang selalu disertai kenaikan nilai variabel hasil belajar, dan sebaliknya, turunnya nilai pada variabel Google Classroom selalu diikuti dengan turunnya nilai hasil belajar.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING KELAS VII PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Hadihabibi Moh. Hadihabibi , Abidin Zainul ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Husna Arafah ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Kemampuan siswa berpikir kreatif dapat ditingkatkan dengan menaikkan skor kemampuan siswa untuk memahami masalah, kefasihan, fleksibilitas dan kebaruan penyelesaian masalah. Hal tersebut selaras sama fungsi pemetaan pikiran yaitu sebuah teknik menulis materi yang dipelajari dan memprediksi permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam bentuk grafik sehingga mempermudah memahaminya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat pengaruh model mind mapping terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. Jenis Penelitian yang diguunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan quasi experimental design. Penelitian ini memakai Uji independent sample t test. Data diolah dengan berbantuan SPSS 20. Hasil pengolahan data, terdapat nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,044<0,05, berarti hipotesis nihil (H0) ditolak. Sehingga ada perpedaan antara kelas eksperimen melebihi dari kelas kontrol. Kelas Eksperimen lebih unggul nilai rata-ratanya dengan kelas kontrol. Oleh karena itu terdapat pengaruh model pemetaan pikiran terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif anak didik pada mata pelajaran IPS dibanding kemampuan berpikir kreatif anak didik yang tidak memakai model pemetaan pikiran.
PENGEMBANGAN INFOGRAFIS MELALUI INSTAGRAM SEBAGAI PENGUATAN PEMAHAMAN POKOK BAHASAN SISTEM PENCERNAAN MANUSIA
Authors:   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Dewi Alvionita Citra , Adi Eka Pramono ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang, Abidin Zainul ,   Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: June 2021

Pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran infografis melalui Instagram yang layak digunakan siswa untuk kegiatan belajar mandiri. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk menghasilkan media infografis melalui Instagram untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada materi sistem pencernaan manusia. Prosedur pengembangan infografis melalui Instagram ini mengadopsi model Sadiman. Validasi produk dilakukan pada ahli media dan ahli materi. Kemudian untuk sasaran uji coba media infografis melalui Instagram yaitu siswa kelas VIII A Mts Raudlatul Ulum Karangploso. Berdasarkan uji coba yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa media infografis melalui Instagram termasuk dalam kategori layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Selain itu hasil tes belajar siswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar.
VAIOPOULOS, K. (2020). "Catálogo razonado de las obras de Juan de Matos Fragoso". Madrid: Visor Libros, 2020, 162 pp., ISBN 978-84-9895-242-1
Authors: Hernández Justo José Santos
Published: June 2021

VAIOPOULOS, K. (2020). "Catálogo razonado de las obras de Juan de Matos Fragoso". Madrid: Visor Libros, 2020, 162 pp., ISBN 978-84-9895-242-1.
Front Matter
Authors: Widodo Widodo
Published: June 2021

AGRARIS is a periodical of scientific journals on Agribusiness and Rural Development. AGRARIS is published biannually (January-June, and July-December) by the Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta in collaboration with Agribusiness Association of Indonesia (AAI). AGRARIS accredited “B” by Decree of The Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No.51/E/KPT/2017 on 4th December 2017.
Back Matter
Authors: Widodo Widodo
Published: June 2021

Acknowledgement to Reviewers
Impact of COVID-19 on academic activities of final year nursing students: a Zambian reflection
Authors: Mwila Kennedy , Kalolo Florence , Mudenda Steward , Hikaambo Christabel Nangandu
Published: June 2021

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had many impacts on the education sector. The pandemic has had negative impacts on the academic activities of nursing students globally. Therefore, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 on final year nursing students’ academic activities in Lusaka and Mufulira districts of Zambia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that employed quantitative methods using a structured questionnaire among 196 final year nursing students from 1August 2020 to 30 September 2020. Data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: A female predominance (67.9%) and a response rate of 86% were obtained. Many students strongly agreed (32.7%) and agreed (20.4%) that they did not complete their course work resulting in some concepts being poorly taught, 86.1% strongly agreed that they had delayed final examinations, and 51.5% strongly agreed that they did not do their clinical attachments. Students strongly disagreed (40.3%) that the e-library and wireless facilities in their school were well-stocked. Hence, this resulted in some students (40.3%) missing class lessons and assessments.Conclusions:The COVID-19 epidemic has negatively affected the academic activities of nursing students in Zambia. Ministries responsible for education must put in place measures that will mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the education sector. Schools must adapt to the changes in the way of conducting learning and assessment sessions. Finally, schools must improve on their e-library and wireless facilities to effectively support online learning.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of reporting of adverse drug reaction among family physicians in Surat city
Authors: Saxena Kirti , Srivastava Sachendra K.
Published: June 2021

Background: Majority of the patients first contact the family physicians (FP) for treatment. If adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurs necessary measures are taken and ADR managed but usually not reported. The present study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of reporting of ADR among family physicians.Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional questionnaire based study. The correctly filled forms from 90 family physicians were analysed based on 20 questions (knowledge 10, attitude 5, and practice 5).Results: Majority of family physicians were aware regarding the occurrence of ADR and 59% of them were aware that all ADR should be reported. Most of (71%) the physicians do not know there is ADR reporting form. Majority of them (93%) are aware that reporting of ADR is necessary that will increase patient safety (92%). About 78% of physician were aware that ADR can be reported by any of health care professional. However, about 71% do not know how to report and where to report ADR. Only few of them (19%) have reported ADR.Conclusions: The family physicians of Surat have adequate knowledge about pharmacovigilance and aware that ADR should be reported. However, most of them have not reported any ADR due to various reasons.
Diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced MRI pelvis in differentiating indeterminate adnexal lesions into benign and malignant with histopathological correlation
Authors: Murtaza Sorath , Iqbal Junaid , Ahmed Saad , Ali Ashraf Amir , Hameed Marya , Shazlee Muhammad Kashif
Published: June 2021

Background: The objective of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging pelvis in differentiating indeterminate adnexal lesions into benign and malignant, while considering histopathological examinations as the gold standard.Methods: A total 880 patients who underwent contrast enhanced MRI pelvis in our institute from January 2014 to June 2016 were prospectively analyzed.Results: A total of 880 women were included in this study, of which 782 (88.8%) were younger than 50 years and 98 (11.1%) were older than 50 years. Mean patient age was 56.7 years and mean tumor size was 4.38 cm. There were 648 (73.60%) patients who had a tumor size of >4 cm, and 337 (38.29%) of these tumors were found to be malignant. Furthermore, tumors smaller than 4 cm in size were observed in 232 (26.36%) of patients, of which tumors in 225 (25.56%) patients were benign.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI was found to be significantly high (79.65%) in differentiating indeterminate adnexal lesions into benign and malignant lesions.
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular mass index and function in hypertensive patients with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: K. Sabapathy
Published: June 2021

Background: The aim of the present study is to detect left ventricular (LV) mass and to find out sub clinical LV diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF) using echocardiographic parameters.Methods: 96 patients with hypertension were randomly selected irrespective of their sex, race and risk factor and enrolled into this study. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and geometrical pattern LV structure were measured. Sub clinical diastolic dysfunction was also assessed by tissue Doppler.Results: Out of 96 patients, 24 had ECG evidence of LV hypertrophy (LVH) 66 were having increased LVMI (154±20), rest 30 had normal LVMI (108±12). They were divided by LV geometrical pattern into concentric LVH (40), eccentric LVH (26), concentric remodeling (19) and normal (11). Diastolic dysfunction in these patients were assessed by E/E´ measurement which was abnormally increased in 42 out of 66 patients with increased LVMI (20±3.4) and 16 out of 30 patients with normal LVMI.Conclusions: Echocardiographic examination help us to find out LVH precisely by calculating LVMI. It also reveals structural changes like concentric LVH, eccentric LVH, concentric remodeling. A significant number of patients with hypertension with normal LV ejection fraction has sub clinical LV diastolic dysfunction which was detected by tissue Doppler imaging (E/E′). The increase in LVMI with or without concentric LVH is an independent risk factor and prognostic marker for cardio vascular events that occur in hypertensive patients. In this study we infer that patients with increase in LVMI with concentric LVH pattern with normal ejection fraction needs more aggressive treatment and regular follow up to prevent cardiovascular complications.
Diabetic CAD versus non diabetic CAD: a comparative study of clinical features, risk factors and angiographic profile
Authors: Sareddy Pradeep , Pandya Hetal B. , Sumple Rajesh S. , Lakhani Jitendra D.
Published: June 2021

Background: Current study was conducted to compare clinical, risk factor profile and angiographic features of diabetic and non diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.Methods: This case control study was carried out in 142 patients, who had angiographically proven CAD. 71 patients with diabetes or newly detected with diabetes constituted the cases and remaining controls. Necessary data was collected. Standard statistical analytics were used and risk factor and investigatory profile, including ECG, 2D ECHO and coronary angiography were compared between diabetic and non diabetic CAD patients.Results: Mean age of occurrence of CAD was 52.15+6.81, with no significant difference in mean age among groups. Higher prevalence of CAD was seen in female diabetics. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity and smoking were found as major risk factors of CAD. Atypical chest pain and silent ischemia were most common among diabetic CAD. Multiple vessel involvement (47.9% vs. 18.3%, p <0.01) is more common in diabetics. Prolonged duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control were associated with more severe and extensive form of CAD (p<0.05) and the treatment outcome in the form of CABG (p<0.01).Conclusions: Diabetic CAD patients were more likely to have severe, extensive coronary artery involvement. Significant number of diabetics had asymptomatic ischemia, with normal ECG and 2D echo, emphasizing the need of extensive cardiac evaluation at an early stage. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, female gender along with uncontrolled and prolonged duration of diabetes, caused more critical form of CAD and poor treatment outcomes in the form of CABG.