bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Specific Plyometric Training on Physiological and Performance Outcomes in U16 Performance Athletes Soccer Players
Authors: Mihaiu Costinel , Stefanica Valentina , Joksimović Marko , İbrahim Ceylan Halil , Pirvu Daniel
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was investigates the impact of specific plyometric training on U16 professional soccer players, addressing the gap in understanding the efficacy of plyometric training within youth soccer. A cohort of 24 soccer players (mean age: 15±0.4 years) participated in the study. The subjects had mean physical characteristics of height, 172.1±2.55 cm and body mass 68.3±2.40 kg. Plyometric training interventions were tailored to the developmental needs of the players. Physiological, biomechanical, and performance-related outcomes were assessed using the Quattro Jump platform - Kistler 9290AD model. The study evaluated parameters such as Countermovement Jump height (CMJ_Hf) and average muscular power (CMJ_Pavg). The results of the study unveiled noteworthy enhancements in CMJ_Pavg (p ≤ 0.001) among U16 soccer players subsequent to the implementation of plyometric training interventions. However, the analysis showed a non-significant change in CMJ_Hf (p ≤ 0.149). These findings suggest that plyometric training effectively enhances muscular power but may have limited impact on vertical jump height in this cohort of U16 soccer players. Statistical analysis indicated notable changes in performance metrics, supporting the efficacy of plyometric training in enhancing athletic performance in youth soccer. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating plyometric training into coaching practices and training methodologies for young soccer athletes to optimize performance.
Characterization of the virome in broad bean: First detection of Potyvirus phaseoluteum and Orthotospovirus impatiensnecromaculae in Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
Authors: Ortega-Piña Erick , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo , Rojas-Martínez Reyna Isabel , Díaz-Lara Alfredo
Published: August 2024

Background / Objective. In broad bean (Vicia faba) crops established in Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico, 100% of plants were observed with viral symptoms consisting of mosaic, mottling, leaf curling, wilting and a notable decrease in plant development. These symptoms led to a significant reduction in seed yield and quality. In this context, the present study was carried out with the objective of identifying the viral species associated with these symptoms. Materials and Methods. The experimental strategy consisted of extraction of total RNA from leaves showing the aforementioned symptoms, followed by next-generation sequencing. Results. In the results, the complete genomes of Orthotospovirus impatiensnecromaculae (before impatiens necrotic spot virus) and two isolates of the Potyvirus phaseoluteum (before bean yellow mosaic virus) were obtained. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate of O. impatiensnecromaculae (INSV CPMEX) shows significant divergences from those previously reported in other plant species. On the other hand, the two P. phaseoluteum isolates (BYMV CP1MEX and BYMV CP2MEX) proved to be different from each other, being related to isolates reported in Sudan and Iran. Conclusion. This result suggests considerable genetic diversity among the viruses associated with viral symptoms in faba bean crops in the region, which underlines the importance of accurate identification for the management and control of these viral infections.
Dynamic contrast enhancement and wall enhancement index for the quantitative assessment of vascular wall abnormalities in intracranial atherosclerosis: a pilot study
Authors: Dreval Marina V. , Mazur Andrey S. , Aslanova Giunel Kh. , Poyda Alexey А. , Orlov Vyacheslav A. , Kartashov Sergey I. , Krotenkova Marina V. , Tanashyan Marine M.
Published: August 2024

Background: Breakthrough neurotechnologies have allowed for new understanding of some brain disorders; however, identification and differential diagnosis of intracranial stenotic and occlusive lesions remains challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) is a tool that could be used for the quantitative assessment of endothelial permeability and microvascular volume in atherosclerotic plaques (AP).
Aim: To assess quantitative parameters of vascular wall abnormalities in AP area and in obviously unchanged wall of intracranial arteries with MRI DCE and high spatial resolution Т1-weighed images before and after contrast injection, with calculation of the wall enhancement index (WEI) by mathematical modelling.
Methods: This was a pilot cross-sectional uncontrolled study with consecutive recruitment of 29 patients with atherosclerotic abnormalities of brachiocephalic arteries, including intracranial. The patients’ median age was 66 [57; 72] years; they were mostly men (75.9%, n = 22). For the assessment of any brain abnormalities, MRI (magnetic induction 3 Tesla, Magnetom Prisma, Siemens) was performed in patients with standard sequence (Т2, T2-FLAIR), as well as MRI DCE for the assessment of intracranial arteries, before and after intravenous contrast injection, with high spatial resolution T1-weighed imaging and suppression of the signal from bloodstream and fat, with the calculation of WEI.
Results: There were significant differences in WEI in AP and in unchanged wall (0.962 [0.686; 1.387] vs. 0.111 [0.014; 0.206], p 0.001). No significant differences were found between WEI values in internal carotid arteries APs (0.722 [0.573; 1.580]), middle cerebral arteries (0.921 [0.725; 1.183]), and basilar artery (1.343 [1.002; 1.419]) (p = 0.381). We also found significant difference (p = 0.034) in the extravascular extracellular fraction volumes ve (Tofts) in AP located in the basilar artery (0.171 [0.146; 0.325]), internal carotid arteries (0.579 [0.358; 1.000]), and middle cerebral arteries (0.134 [0.101; 0.269]).
Conclusion: This is the first description of quantitative parameters characterizing vascular wall abnormalities in intracranial atherosclerosis. Despite its obviously intact state, vascular walls outside the intracranial AP was shown to be abnormal as well.
El fenómeno de la corrupción cultural, política, y educativa en Colombia
Authors: Quintero-Calvache Juan-Carlos , Rengifo-Carpintero John-Alexis
Published: August 2024

La investigación es una denuncia del modo en que en Colombia a partir de los años 80 ha producido un imaginario instituyente: una cultura corrupta, delincuencial y narco estética como modo de vida socialmente legitimado. Para ello, se pondrá en evidencia las dimensiones sociales que lo fecundan: en primer lugar, el imaginario cultural barrial del yo sí soy vivo nacido del modo de vida instituido por el narcotráfico emergido del mundo de la vida antioqueño. En segundo lugar, las prácticas delictivas deshonestas dentro de la empresa capitalista y la burocracia estatal; en tercer lugar, la cultura universitaria, especialmente el imaginario académico de las instituciones privadas del todo tiene precio para lograr el éxito. La metodología es fenomenológica crítica: modo en que se descubre cómo el ciudadano colombiano ha sido permeado en su imaginario social, e individual, por la cultura mafiosa, reproduciendo mundos de la vida culturalmente delictivos. Se concluye que Colombia produce un imaginario paradigmático anticultural. Una sociedad que se jacta de su patología: la corrupción como mecanismo de acción y legitimación social.
Intervensi Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Mukhtar Syafaat Banyuwangi
Authors: Zaidatul Istiqomah Fina , Muhammad Fauzi Al Hamidi  , Luluk Sri Agus Prasetyoningsih
Published: August 2024

Speaking skills are closely related to child development. Especially for children with special needs who have delays in their development. One of them is delayed speaking in early childhood. With these problems, intervention is needed to support the development of speaking from an early age. This research concept uses a social model of intervention through an environmental approach. This research aims to 1) How is the speaking ability of ABK in learning. Early childhood in preschool Mukhtar Syafaat, 2) What are the forms of intervention for Children with Special Needs (ABK) through learning approaches for early childhood Mukhtar Syafaat. The research method in this research uses case studies. In this research, researchers used observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. Data analysis. used is Spradley data analysis including domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, and componential analysis. The results of the research show that the speaking ability of children with special needs in PAUD Mukhtar Syafaat. The speaking ability of children with children with special needs in PAUD Mukhtar Syafaat in the Speech Delay type of children with special needs in communicating with their friends is also still halting. Meanwhile, children who have learning difficulties cannot make complete articulations or the words they say are not clear. The next thing is that autistic children don't want to talk during learning activities because they are still confused when communicating. The forms of intervention include the UDL, Mentessori, TEACCH, ABA, and Son-rice methods. Methods. The intervention used makes children with special needs able to interact like other children.
Pengaruh Pemasaran Media Sosial dan Inovasi Produk terhadap Minat Beli pada Produk Fashion Merek Mayoutfit di Kota Bandung
Authors: Poetri Zahra Fauzia , Abdul Ahmad Hafidh Nurmansyah
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel pemasaran media sosial dan inovasi produk terhadap minat beli pada produk fashion merek Mayoutfit di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik pengeolahan dan analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari : uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heterokedastisitas, analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi berganda dengan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pemasaran media sosial dan inovasi produk secara parsial berpengaruh positif terhadap minat beli.
Pengaruh E-Service Quality dan E-Trust terhadap E-Loyalty yang Dimediasi oleh E-Satisfaction pada Pengguna Aplikasi Grabbike di Kota Cimahi
Authors: Sceline Tasya Situmorang  , Siti Herawati
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana e-service quality dan e-trust memengaruhi e-loyalty melalui oleh e-satisfaction pada aplikasi GrabBike di kota Cimahi. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 100 orang yang ditetapkan secara purposive sampling. Karakteristik populasi adalah masyarakat Kota Cimahi yang pernah menggunakan layanan GrabBike. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-satisfaction dipengaruhi secara positif oleh e-service quality dan e-trust sedangkan e-trust tidak secara langsung memengaruhi e-loyalty, kemudian e-satisfaction berperan dalam memediasi hubungan e-service quality dan e-trust terhadap e-loyalty.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien di Praktik Dokter dr. Ayu Suci Pratiwi
Authors: Agustine Grace Twenty
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pasien. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder diperoleh dari penyebaran kuisioner dan melakukan wawancara langsung kepada pasien. Penelitian ini meneggunakan Metode Analisis Deskriptif, Analisis Kuantitatif, Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas Data Uji Hipotesis (t) dan Koefisien Determinasi (R2). Uji t Variabel Kualitas Pelayanan (X) terhadap Variabel Kepuasan Pasien (Y). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kualitas pelayanan (X) terhadap kepuasan pasien (Y).
Lithological-facies structure and history of the development of B5 formation of the Danilovsky license area (Vendian-Cambrian, Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Chertina K. , Maksimova E. , Ulyanova A. , Arzhilovskaya N. , Nedelko O.
Published: August 2024

In 2004, exploration drilling in the central part of the Nepsko-Botuobinsk anteclise of the Leno-Tunguska oil and gas province of Eastern Siberia at the Danilovsky license area proved the oil content and prospects of the oldest carbonate deposits of the Vendian-Cambrian period. The drilled carbonate complex is characterized by a complex structure and strong variability of structural and textural features in section and laterally. A full cycle of lithological studies, including a description of petrographic sections in combination with X-ray diffraction analysis, and facies analysis of lithological rock types allowed considering the nature of deposits of the productive formation B5 of the Danilovsky horizon. Cyanobacterial communities in the lifetime position were recorded in the section of the formation, confirming the organogenic skeleton nature of the studied deposits. Septal, chamber and clot forms of communities have been recorded. The results of the genetic analysis of geological and geophysical data formed the basis for a detailed lithological and sedimentological characteristic of the section, which allowed recreating the history of development and forming a sedimentation model of the formation. These studies laid in the basis for the petrophysical model of the formation, the planning of exploratory drilling and the introduction of an optimal development system.
Formulasi Mie Substitusi Tepung Kelapa untuk Meningkatkan Kadar Serat
Authors: Nuraini Sekarsari , Wirjatmadi Bambang
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Penyakit tidak menular dapat dicegah dengan modifikasi diet, akan tetapi perubahan menu diet yang besar sulit dilakukan sebagian besar orang. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menambahkan zat gizi penting dalam bentuk menu diet yang familiar, seperti mie. Salah satu zat gizi yang dapat membantu adalah serat. Salah satu sumber serat di Indonesia adalah tepung kelapa yang diperoleh dari sisa pemerasan minyak kelapa dan santan.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi tepung kelapa terhadap daya terima mie dan kandungan serat mie substitusi.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain faktorial dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 30 orang dewasa panelis tidak terlatih. Daya terima diukur dengan uji kesukaan pada 3 formula yang terdiri dari formula kontrol tanpa substitusi tepung kelapa (F0), formula substitusi dengan perbandingan tepung terigu dengan tepung kelapa 85%:15% (F1), formula dengan perbandingan tepung terigu dengan tepung kelapa 80%:20% (F2).
Hasil: Substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung kelapa pada mie F1 dan F2 meningkatkan komposisi serat pada mie dari 1,99g/100g menjadi 5,98g/100g dan 7,31g/100g. Substitusi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap paramater rasa dan aroma, akan tetapi berpengaruh pada penurunan tingkat kesukaan panelis pada parameter warna dan kekenyalan mie.  
Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah substitusi tepung kelapa pada mie meningkatkan kadar serat pada formula mie yang disubsitusi dan menurunkan daya terima kekenyalan dan warna mie substitusi. Formula terbaik yang ditemukan adalah F1 dengan daya terima tertinggi diantara formula substitusi.
Review of material flow analysis and its application under carbon neutralization target: a bibliometric perspective
Authors: Liu Lina , Qu Jiansheng , Li Xuemei , Liao Qin , Niu Yibo
Published: August 2024

Material flow analysis (MFA) could provide methodological support for quantifying material carbon flow and carbon emissions in the pursuit of carbon neutrality. Despite the extensive publication of MFA studies in academic journals, significant challenges remain on MFA and its application in carbon emission (MFA-CE) research, including identifying emerging research trends. This paper reviews MFA and MFA-CE research based on bibliometric analysis of data from WOS (Web of Science) platform, spanning from 1991 to 2022. We find that over the last 32 years: (1) Both MFA and MFA-CE research share similar article characteristics, such as rapid and active fluctuations in trends, with high-output countries primarily being the USA, China, and others; (2) MFA and MFA-CE are multidisciplinary fields, showing the fastest growth in Environmental Studies and Economics research; (3) Highly cited papers mainly focus on global material flow, environmental impact, and recycling. Notably, high citation analysis shows that both MFA and MFA-CE research have garnered substantial attention since 2014; and (4) Combining MFA with other methods would help identify material flow, such as carbon material flow. Additionally, the future perspectives of MFA-CE research were summarized: increasing interdisciplinary cooperation; a growing emphasis on multi-scale research; and enhanced availability and application of data.
Polarization-based target detection approach to enhance small surface object identification ensuring navigation safety
Authors: Stetsenko Maksym , Melnyk Oleksiy , Vorokhobin Igor , Korban Dmytro , Onishchenko Oleg , Ternovsky Valentin , Ivanova Iryna
Published: August 2024

This research introduces a groundbreaking approach to significantly enhance the performance of navigation radars under adverse weather conditions. Traditional ship radars, relying on horizontal polarization, encounter difficulties in effectively suppressing rain interference. In response, this study proposed an innovative method employing circular polarization for detecting navigation targets. This technique capitalizes on the distinct polarization properties exhibited by stable navigation targets and fluctuating interfering objects. Theoretical analysis and model experiments substantiate consistent ellipticity parameter values of scattered waves, independent of rain intensity, for both rain interferers and surface metallic objects. The practical implications of our research are highly promising. They enable detection irrespective of the noise-to-signal ratio by integrating an additional channel of circularly polarized waves and applying straightforward mathematical functions. This advancement marks a significant stride towards overcoming the challenges posed by rainy conditions in maritime navigation radar systems.
In Silico and In Vivo Studies of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Based Hydrogels from Cassava Stem and Young Papaya Seed Extract for Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Rahmawati Risma , Lestari Annisa Firda , Anggraini Putri Regita , Safitri Rahmadita Irma , A'yunin Alfi Rizki , Firdaus Maulidan
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Diabetic chronic wound care remains a global challenge due to higher rates of infection leading to amputations and death. The development of wound dressing materials with good biocompatibility, adequate mechanical strength, high absorption, and anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties are criteria for ideal wound dressings in clinical applications. This study aimed to prepare hydrogel plasters based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from cassava stems (Manihot esculenta C.) with the addition of an active substance from young papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) for diabetic wound healing. The methods used included CMC synthesis, extraction of young papaya seeds, preparation of nanoparticles, hydrogel optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), in silico study, and in vivo tests. All products for each stage were characterized by FTIR and XRD. Hydrogels were characterized by testing pH, organoleptic, swelling ratio, gel fraction, biodegradability, FTIR, and SEM. The results of RSM optimization obtained hydrogel with the formula Na-CMC 3%, citric acid 2%, and stirring temperature 70. Based on the in-silico test results, the apigenin compound has the lowest binding energy, namely -9.4 kcal/mol, so it has the potential to heal diabetic wounds by triggering angiogenesis through the VEGFR2 signal. In vivo test results showed that the hydrogel with the addition of young papaya seed extract had the fastest wound healing rate compared to other treatments, marked by 100% wound closure on the 10th day.
 
Keywords: carboxymethyl cellulose, cassava stem, diabetes wound, hydrogel, young papaya seeds.
Antibacterial Test of The Essential Oil Fractions of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Against Escherichia coli and Application as Hand Sanitizer Formulation
Authors: Rastuti Undri , Lestari Puji , Hidayatullah Rafly , Habibie Ranti Kamila
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. Hand sanitizer is an essential item during the COVID-19 pandemic, posing potential side effects when containing synthetic ingredients. Therefore, this study aimed to replace hand sanitizer formulation with Citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus L.). Essential oil was fractioned into 3 components, namely F1 (67.07% of limonene), F2 (92.39% of citronellal), and F3 (62.41% of geraniol) while evaluation was conducted on antibacterial properties against E. coli. Antibacterial test was performed using the well diffusion method, showing inhibition zone diameters of 7.40, 10.76, and 8.30 mm for F1 to F3 fractions, respectively. The results showed that F2, selected as the reference for hand sanitizer formulation, had the most potential antibacterial activity and a MIC of 3.125%. Comparative test with commercial alternatives, including hedonic, characteristic, and antibacterial activity test, were conducted to assess the formulated hand sanitizer. F2 was discovered to have an inhibition zone diameter of 29.56 mm as opposed to 9.06 mm of commercial hand sanitizer. Based on hendonic test, hand sanitizer formulated with citronella oil had a distinct smell, which was less preferred than lime fragrance.
 
Keywords: Antibacterial, Escherichia coli, and sanitizer, citronella essential oil.
Feasibility and acceptability of the World Health Organization’s iSUPPORT program for dementia caregivers in Uganda
Authors: Gumikiriza-Onoria Joy Louise , Mayega Roy William , Nakigudde Janet , Giordani Bruno , Sajatovic Martha , Mukasa Mark Kaddu , Buwembo Dennis , Lwere Kamada , Nakasujja Noeline
Published: August 2024

This study aims to address Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It involves adaptation of the World Health Organization’s iSUPPORT (WHO-iSUPPORT) psychosocial intervention for Uganda, assessing its feasibility and acceptability, and its effects on caregivers’ psychological distress, quality of life (QoL), and depression levels. The adapted iSUPPORT (UGA-iSUPPORT) program was translated into Luganda, a local language, validated by experts, divided into four modules, and later piloted for four weeks in Wakiso, Uganda. The caregivers were randomly assigned to receive weekly UGA-iSUPPORT sessions or modified standard care via weekly phone consultations. Baseline and endpoint changes were assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Measure of Quality of Life for Dementia Caregivers (C-DEMQOL). The intervention group (n = 33, 87.9% females, mean age 32.5 years) showed significant improvements in psychological distress (decreased from 29.2 to 23.7, p = 0.001), depression (from 33.4 to 25.6, p = 0.001), and QoL (from 81.1 to 89.4, p = 0.001). The control group (n = 32, 50% female, mean age 36.7 years) did not experience similar enhancements. The high retention rate (97%) and positive feedback from the participants underscored the program’s feasibility and acceptability. UGA-iSUPPORT effectively boosted the mental health and well-being of dementia caregivers in LMICs. This study highlights the necessity of enduring and expandable interventions within healthcare systems. Further studies are warranted to examine these interventions’ prolonged impacts. Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202211700581839).
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 03.08.2024 г. по 09.08.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: August 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 03.08.2024 г. по 09.08.2024 г.
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Studies of PHD2 Interactions with Gut Siderophores: Implications for HIF-1α Stabilization
Authors: Patel Jainabbi Irshad Ahamed , Kurdekar Namrata Manjunath , Padakannaya Apeksha , Javaregowda Palaksha Kanive , Khandagale Ajay Sathayanarayan , Joshi Chandrashekhar Gajana , Math Renukaradhya K , Majalakere Krishnakishore , Poyya Jagadeesha
Published: August 2024

In oxygen-deprived conditions cells respond by activating adaptive mechanisms to bolster their survival and protect tissue integrity. A key player in this process is the HIF-1α signaling cascade, meticulously regulated by Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain 2 (PHD2), which plays a central role in orchestrating cellular responses to fluctuating oxygen levels. The primary aim of this investigation is to explore potential PHD2 inhibitors using in-silico methods by employing molecular docking and dynamic simulation techniques. Low molecular-weight secondary metabolites known as Siderophores secreted from gut microbiota were selected and subjected for stringent assessment against PHD2. Molecular docking analysis revealed that Salmochelin SX (-9.527 Kcal/mol), Mycobactin (-9.166 Kcal/mol), Staphyloferrin A (-7.819 Kcal/mol), and Enterobactin (-7.302 Kcal/mol) displayed substantial affinities for the protein, suggesting them as potential inhibitors. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamic Simulation studies unveiled a noteworthy interaction between the metal ion, Fe2+, and the ligand molecules, indicating enhanced stability in these interactions. The iron-chelating property is a salient characteristic of many siderophores, and in the same lines our in-silico investigations have yielded promising results. However, it is essential to underscore that the validation of this study remains a critical step to substantiate our hypothesis. Further research and experimental investigations are necessary to confirm the practical implications of these findings and to assess the potential of the identified compounds as effective PHD2 inhibitors.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae disease symptom development in young avocado (Persea americana L.) plants depends on the inoculation method
Authors: Rodríguez-Gálvez Edgar , Haro-Diaz Cesar , Maza-Aguirre Samir , Canahuire-Castillo Fátima , Sullón-Saucedo Julio , Deising Holger B.
Published: August 2024

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a pathogenic fungus of more than 500 plant species, including avocado (Persea americana Mill.). The global production volume of avocado exceeded 911,000 metric tons in 2023 (Statista, 2024). Although detailed quantitative surveys of yield losses caused by L. theobromae are not available for most avocado-producing regions, estimates indicate that this pathogen is associated with stem-end rot disease in 30–35% of plots located in the Department of Antioquia in Colombia (Ramírez-Gil et al., 2021), suggesting an enormous economic impact. As yield losses strongly depend on the virulence of isolates, a reliable method for determining their aggressiveness is indispensable for initiating disease control measures. In this study, we compared progression of external and internal necrosis caused by the aggressive L. theobromae isolate LA-VLCA3 inoculated into wounded middle parts of the stem and onto excised apices. Irrespective of the inoculation method, internal progression of necroses preceeded that of external necroses. Spreading of external and internal necroses was significantly more severe in plants inoculated at the apex than in mid-stem inoculated plants. We conclude that apex inoculation causes stronger symptoms and is therefore better suited to compare virulence of isolates than mid-stem inoculation.
Legal, Organizational and Technical Determinants for the Use of Spatial Data in the State Fire Service in Poland
Authors: TYRAŃSKA-WIZNER Karolina , SMOLARKIEWICZ Marcin
Published: August 2024

This article presents the results of research aimed at verifying the following hypothesis: to determine the possibility of using spatial data for the needs of the State Fire Service (SFS), one should take into account conditions of the following nature: legal, organizational and technical. The research, carried out using the survey method in Poland, was limited to a group of SFS officers of provincial and district (city) commands who actively use spatial data in their professional work. The statistically significant results confirmed the validity of the adopted hypothesis, which should be considered to be positively verified.
Surgical instrument detection and tracking in orthopaedic surgery using computer vision
Authors: Paraskevaidis Melissa , Back David Alexander , Stöckle Ulrich , Gehlen Tobias
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to establish a methodology to digitalise the instrument tracking und object tracking analysis in orthopaedic surgery and possibly provide insights about surgical procedures by collecting and utilizing spatiotemporal data about the usage of surgical instruments without introducing new and costly equipment into the operating theatre. The proposed method utilises a computer vision-based approach. This paper applies an instrument tracking and object detection software on a brief video sequence of an open surgical procedure to generate data that can be utilized for analytical purposes. The object detection module provides categorical and spatial information about each detected instrument, whilst the tracking module assigns a unique ID to facilitate continuous tracking of the instruments detected by the object detection module to keep track of those instruments for the duration of their visibility in the surgical video. The findings demonstrate that this method successfully generates data for descriptive statistics. These statistics can offer a comprehensive overview of the surgical procedure, contributing to the enhancement of surgical safety and efficiency. In conclusion the computer vision-based method presented in this study provides an advancement in the digitisation of surgical procedures and object tracking. The ability to collect and analyze spatiotemporal data from standard webcams offers a cost-effective solution, potentially revolutionizing the understanding and improvement of surgical procedures. This method's success in generating descriptive statistics underscores its potential to enhance surgical safety and efficiency, presenting opportunities for further research and application in the field of orthopaedic surgery.
Mechanical effects of foundation restoration on onlay preparations of mandibular first molars after endodontic treatment
Authors: Wang Qiuyue , Shi Dongqi , Liu Xiangling , Zhang Weijun , Sun Zhaolun , Feng Yao , Zhang Lingbo
Published: August 2024

Background. Foundation restorations involve the use of materials such as composite resins to partially restore defective dentin structures. They can be used to simplify the geometry of complex cavities, facilitate restoration insertion, and reduce the polymerization shrinkage of the adhesive. However, the stress distribution of teeth restored after foundation restoration placement is not fully understood.
Methods. The purpose of this finite element study was to analyze the stress distribution of onlays with composite resin foundation restorations to investigate the potential benefits of preserving the remaining dental tissue.A 3Dfinite element model of a mesial proximal defect of the mandibular first molar after endodontic treatmentwas established. Four types of onlay restorations (GA and GB: complete-coverage onlay; GC and GD: partial-coverage onlay) were designed using this model. After the models wereestablished, a fixed vertical load of 600 N and an oblique load of 200 N were applied, and the stress distributions were compared between the monolithic ceramic blockrestorations (GA and GC) and those with foundation restorations (GB and GD). The stress distributions of the onlays and models were also analyzed.
Results. Under vertical loading conditions, GD exhibited higher peak equivalent stress levels inthe onlay and adhesive layers. The maximum principal stress experienced by enamel was lower in GB and GD than in GA and GC, whereas it was greater in GB and GD than in GA and GC for the onlay and adhesive layer. Under oblique loading, the peak equivalent stress and maximum principal stress of the adhesive layer and enamel were the lowest in the GB and GD groups.
Conclusions. Foundation restorations provide good stress dispersion, which can improve the protection of the remaining dental tissue. However, onlay restorations after foundation restoration placement should be used with caution in patients with excessive occlusal forces. Oblique loading was more destructive to the adhesive layer and remaining dental tissue. Complete-coverage restorations have better stress dispersion than partial-coverage restorations.
The clinical effect of floating island laminectomy technique for severe thoracic spinal stenosis and myelopathy caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Xiu Peng , Chen Hua , Song Yueming , Zeng Jiancheng , Li Tao
Published: August 2024

Background
Severe thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum often leads to thoracic spinal canal stenosis and spinal cord injury, which generates severe symptoms. Generally, patients required surgery and aggravated spinal cord function impairment is a common complication. We propose a novel surgical technique to remove the ossified ligamentum flavum with the adhesive dura as a floating island. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of floating island in the treatment of severe ossification of ligamentum flavum.
Methods
A total of 31 patients with thoracic spinal stenosis and myelopathy caused by thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum from January 2019 to April 2022 were included in the study and were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. All patients were treated with floating island laminectomy technique. Neurological function was assessed by the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scoring system before and after operation and the rate of improvement was calculated. Perioperative complications were also recorded in this study.
Results
All 31 patients were successfully completed by the same professional surgery team. The average operative time was 207.74 ± 58.54 minutes, and the average intra-operative blood loss was 406.45 ± 217.85 ml. The mJOA score at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery increased from 4.68 ± 0.60 to 6.71 ± 0.73, 7.35 ± 0.76, 8.45 ± 0.85 and 9.06 ± 0.81, respectively. The mJOA score after surgery was significantly higher than before (P < 0.001). The recovery rate was (32.41 ± 8.55)%, (42.57 ± 9.00)%, (60.12 ± 11.07)% and (69.76 ± 11.38)% for 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Postoperative complications included dural tear in 13 cases (41.9%), defect in 10 cases (32.2%) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 10 cases (32.2%). There was no recurrence of ossification or postoperative thoracic vertebra deformity in patients with aggravated neurological injury.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that although the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a little high after operation, the floating island laminectomy method for the treatment of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum is still safe and effective, which can effectively avoid the aggravation of neurological symptoms and enable patients to obtain satisfactory neurological function improvement and functional recovery.
Who arrived first? Priority effects on Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual biofilms
Authors: Torrents Eduard , Arévalo-Jaimes Betsy , Admella Joana
Published: August 2024

Historical processes in community assembly, such as the arrival order of species, strongly influence their interactions causing priority effects. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently co-isolated from biofilm-based infections of the skin, lungs, and medical devices. Their relationship, predominantly antagonistic, involves physical and chemical interactions. However, the presence and implications of priority effects among these microorganisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we developed dual biofilms with differing inoculation times for each species and assessed the resulting microbial communities' in vitro virulence and susceptibility. Our findings showed that the inoculation order impacts biofilm composition, structure, virulence, and antimicrobial susceptibility. The first colonizer had an advantage for surface colonization. Consecutive colonization increased biofilm virulence and negated C. albicans’ protective effect on P. aeruginosa PAET1 against meropenem treatment. Finally, we propose N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant for treating C. albicans and P. aeruginosa interkingdom infections, working independently of priority effects.
Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lee In Kyung , Lee Kyeong Hun , Han Hye-ji , Kim Na Jin , Kim Kyunghoon
Published: August 2024

Purpose Children undergoing mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) require effective sedation to reduce anxiety and discomfort. Dexmedetomidine, an α2-receptor agonist, presents as a viable sedative alternative, yet its efficacy and safety for critically ill, mechanically ventilated children remain to be fully established. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of dexmedetomidine in such patients.Methods A systematic search was conducted up to April 2024. RCTs that compare dexmedetomidine with other sedatives in mechanically ventilated children were included. This analysis focused on both the efficacy and safety outcomes through meta-analysis.Results Included in the analysis were eight trials, involving a total of 387 mechanically ventilated children. Compared to other sedatives, dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation (MD -3.54 h, 95% CI, -6.49 to -0.59), particularly when compared to fentanyl. However, dexmedetomidine did not significantly impact the length of ICU stay, duration of sedation, or the necessity for additional sedatives. Dexmedetomidine was associated with a significantly increased risk of bradycardia (OR 6.14, 95% CI, 2.20 to 17.12) and hypotension (OR 8.14, 95% CI, 1.37 to 48.31), with no significant difference observed in the incidence of delirium (OR 0.61, 95% CI, 0.16 to 2.31) in comparison to other sedatives.Conclusion Although dexmedetomidine notably diminished the duration of mechanical ventilation, the potential for adverse effects necessitates further investigation. Large RCTs are needed to validate our findings and refine sedation management in mechanically ventilated children in PICU.
A Comparison of McGrath MAC, AIRWAY SCOPE®, and AceScope® Video laryngoscopes in Novice Healthcare Providers: A Randomized Crossover Simulation Study
Authors: Yahagi Musashi , Omi Kyuma , Yaguchi Yuichi
Published: August 2024

Background
Video laryngoscopes are widely used for tracheal intubation, particularly in challenging airway scenarios. The McGrath MAC, AIRWAY SCOPE®, and AceScope® are popular video laryngoscopes with different design features. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and usability of these three devices in novice healthcare providers during simulated tracheal intubation scenarios employing a manikin.
Methods
Sixty novice healthcare providers, including nurses and pharmacists, were enrolled in this randomized crossover study. Participants performed tracheal intubation using the McGrath MAC, AIRWAY SCOPE, and AceScope in both normal airway and cervical spine immobilization models. Primary outcomes were intubation success rate and time to intubation. Secondary outcomes included user preferences, device ease of use, and the incidence of dental injuries.
Results
The AIRWAY SCOPE demonstrated the shortest intubation time in both normal airway and cervical spine immobilization models (14.90 ± 1.76 seconds and 23.80 ± 2.43 seconds, respectively), followed by the McGrath MAC and AceScope. All devices exhibited high success rates, and there were no significant differences in perceived difficulty among the three video laryngoscopes. The incidence of dental injuries was comparable among the devices, with one notable exception between the AceScope and McGrath MAC in scenario of tracheal intubation using AceScope in a cervical spine immobilization model.
Conclusions
The AIRWAY SCOPE was the most efficient video laryngoscope in terms of intubation time, followed by the McGrath MAC and AceScope. However, all devices showed high success rates and no significant differences in perceived difficulty. Further research is needed to validate these findings in clinical settings and investigate the impact of device-specific features on intubation outcomes and dental injury incidence.
Flexural response of vertically cast steel fiber reinforced concrete members
Authors: Singh Harvinder
Published: August 2024

The presence of the short steel fibers dispersed uniformly in concrete improves its inherent flaws and makes it a versatile structural material. The improvement in material properties depends upon the alignment of the fibers in concrete members caused during their casting; those aligned along the principle tension trajectory of the beams are most efficient among all the fibers present therein and other fibers control their shear response. An attempt is made to quantify the effect of the mould position (vertical or horizontal) during the casting process on the flexural response of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) members. An analytical model is also presented to predict the response of the members in case some of the design constraints require their casting in the vertically placed moulds, such as for walls, columns, etc. instead of the routine horizontal position. A significant reduction in flexural strength and toughness of the SFRC members is observed if these were cast vertically instead of the horizontal position; additionally, they exhibit wider flexural cracks. Their shear capacity remained almost unchanged.
A Prospective Outcomes and Cost-Effective Analysis of Surgery Compared to Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kennedy Andrew , Egloff Shanna A. Arnold , Martin Casey , Gilmore Denis , Garwood Susan , Baxter Tammy , Spigel David , Johnson Melissa , II David Randolph , Chollet-Lipscomb Casey , Cuttino Laurie , Osborne Eleanor , Marks Jenifer , Doshi Pratik , Mattlin Meredith , Geer Richard , Kurbegov Dax , Burris Howard Skip
Published: August 2024

Background
To evaluate long-term outcomes, treatment costs, and quality of life associated with curative treatment of newly diagnosed stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), by comparing surgery to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).
Methods
Multicenter consecutive prospective study of newly diagnosed stage I NSCLC patients independently assigned surgery or SBRT by a multidisciplinary tumor board, recruited prior to therapy initiation (n=59). Outcomes included total hospital charges, toxicities, complications, readmissions, and patient satisfaction/ quality of life (FACT-L). Multivariable logistic regression models analyzed the association of treatment type with dichotomous endpoints controlling for age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and pre-treatment FACT-L; multiple linear regression was used for delta FACT-L.
Results
Of the 55 evaluable patients, 19 (35%) were males and 36 (65%) females. Thirty (55%) patients received SBRT and 25 (45%) received surgery with a mean age of 73 (57-85) and 67 (55-84) years, respectively. Median follow-up time was 514 days after SBRT and 648 days after surgery. The mean CCI for SBRT and surgery patients was 3.87 and 2.36, respectively. SBRT patients experienced significantly greater improvement in quality of life compared to surgery (delta FACT-L, 14, 95%CI, 2 to 26, p=0.0232) after adjusting for baseline FACT-L. CCI but not age, treatment type, or baseline FACT-L was significantly associated with readmissions (OR, 1.42, 95%CI, 1.08 to 2.00, p=0.0226). Interestingly, CCI was significantly lower (2.36±1.66, 3.87±2.84, p=0.0418) yet total hospital charges were significantly greater ($251,759±$215,643, $129,238±$86,588, p=0.0009) for patients receiving surgery verses SBRT.
Conclusions
Although limitations include small sample size and absence of recurrence data, these analyses justify further evaluation of long-term outcomes, including cost and quality of life, to optimize treatment assignment of early stage NSCLC patients. These observations reveal that, despite targeting patients with higher CCI, SBRT is more cost-effective, with a greater improvement in quality of life than surgery.
Trial Registration
Central Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained under expedited review and deemed minimal risk to patients (WCG Clinical IRB00000533 Study 1171593). All participating sites obtained local IRB approval before study initiation. Informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to study entry.
Drifting plastics, the forensics of current and future pollution
Authors: Okabe Akifumi , Sato Hideto , Koizumi Koushiro , Taguchi Hiroyuki , Okada Masaki , Kodera Yoichi , Kusui Takashi , Suzuki Nobuo , Takatama Kohei , Chung Seon-Yong , Kwon Bum Gun , Nishimura Masahiko , Mentese Sibel , Royer Sarah-Jeanne , Kimukai Hideki , Saido Katsuhiko
Published: August 2024

The most distinctive features of plastics are their durability and presence throughout the world. Improper handling, has filled the oceans with plastic debris.1 Despite the prevalence of pollution, no proper assessment of pollution has been made to date revealed.2,3 Here we show that a completely different approach to the clarification of this matter as taken up by various other studies. 4–8 This research is the first to show that the actual seriousness of drifting plastics undergo degradation to produce monomers, based on decomposition and fields survey. Polystyrene (PS)was decomposed at 30°C and generate styrene oligomer (SO*).9 Plastic monomers degraded further and their metabolites became more toxic in the ocean. Since 1950 to 2020, 1.4 billion metric tons (MT) of SO have been shown present in the oceans from field survey. From the seawater volume and SO in deep sea, has been shown to give rise to 2.7 × 107 MT, and 15% of inflowing PS has been found to undergo degradation. 1.5 × 108 MT of PS are adrift until now. The monomers; SO, bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalate (PAE) have a direct negative impact on the marine ecosystem. In addition, the methane and ethane gases generated by PE/PP degradation have a greenhouse effect, suggesting that they are involved in global warming. “Actual plastic pollution” based on decomposition rates and field surveys to clearly show “present and future trends”, forensically. Present result contributes to worldwide current monitoring that should assist in the development of appropriate strategies designed to curb drifting plastic pollution in the oceans. SO* is a mixture of styrene -monomer (SM), -dimer (SD), and -trimer (ST) with a certain composition ratio.