bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal status and the efficacy of the first‐line treatment of major depressive disorder
Authors: Jelavić Silvana , Bajić Žarko , Filipčić Ivona Šimunović , Čulina Ivana Jurčić , Filipčić Igor , Aurer Andrej
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The efficacy of treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) is not satisfactory. Systemic inflammation may play an important role in MDD pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Periodontal disease is the systemic inflammatory condition. Its prevalence may be as high as 45%. We aimed to assess the association of periodontal status with the outcome of 3‐month first‐line treatment of MDD with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Material and Methods

We performed the prospective cohort study during 2018/2019 at Psychiatric Hospital “Sveti Ivan,” Croatia, on a consecutive sample of 43 patients. The outcome was the MDD symptoms severity measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale‐17. The periodontal status was indicated by the clinical attachment loss (CAL).

Results

Baseline periodontal status had a nonlinear significant and clinically relevant association with the MDD treatment outcome (R2 change of the quadratic term = 0.12; p = 0.027). In patients with good baseline periodontal status the severity of MDD symptoms was significantly improved. When the value of CAL was ≥4.44 mm, indicating the worse periodontal status, further increase in baseline CAL was associated with the worsening of MDD treatment outcomes independently of the baseline depression severity and 14 sociodemographic and clinical predictors of treatment outcome.

Conclusions

Periodontal healthcare is accessible, and should be utilize in an integrative, multidisciplinary approach not only for the sake of psychiatric patients' quality of life and prevention of periodontal disease, but for the sake of the outcomes of psychiatric treatment as well.
Impact of 2021 Drought in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Ansah Emmanuella Owusu , Walsh Olga S.
Published: November 2021

Drought causes tremendous losses to agriculture and impacts water supply, energy production, and public health. This year’s drought in Idaho is extreme due to a very dry spring followed by an extreme, prolonged summer heat wave. This article will provide an overview of the current drought in the Pacific Northwest, how crops have been impacted, and look at ways farmers can adapt. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/2XTc7XK.
Current and future distribution of the deciduous shrub Hydrangea macrophylla in China estimated by MaxEnt
Authors: Yan Xingyue , Wang Shuchen , Duan Yu , Han Jing , Huang Donghua , Zhou Jian
Published: November 2021

Climate change has a significant impact on the growth and distribution of vegetation worldwide. Hydrangea macrophylla is widely distributed and considered a model species for studying the distribution and responses of shrub plants under climate change. These results can inform decision‐making regarding shrub plant protection, management, and introduction of germplasm resources, and are of great importance for formulating ecological countermeasures to climate change in the future. We used the maximum entropy model to predict the change, scope expansion/reduction, centroid movement, and dominant climate factors that restrict the growth and distribution of H. macrophylla in China under current and future climate change scenarios. It was found that both precipitation and temperature affect the distribution of suitable habitat for H. macrophylla. Akaike information criterion (AICc) was used to select the feature combination (FC) and the regularization multiplier (RM). After the establishment of the optimal model (FC = QP, RM = 0.5), the complexity and over‐fitting degree of the model were low (delta AICc = 0, omission rate = 0.026, difference between training and testing area under the curve values = 0.0009), indicating that it had high accuracy in predicting the potential geographical distribution of H. macrophylla (area under the curve = 0.979). Overall, from the current period to future, the potential suitable habitat of this species in China expanded to the north. The greenhouse effect caused by an increase in CO2 emissions would not only increase the area of high‐suitability habitat in Central China, but also expand the area of total suitable habitat in the north. Under the maximum greenhouse gas emission scenario (RCP8.5), the migration distance of the centroid was the longest (e.g., By 2070s, the centroids of total and highly suitable areas have shifted 186.15 km and 89.84 km, respectively).
Quantifying production rates and size fractions of parrotfish‐derived sediment: A key functional role on Maldivian coral reefs
Authors: Yarlett Robert T. , Perry Chris T. , Wilson Rod W.
Published: November 2021

Coral reef fish perform numerous important functional roles on coral reefs. Of these, carbonate sediment production, as a by‐product of parrotfish feeding, is especially important for contributing to reef framework construction and reef‐associated landform development. However, only limited data exist on: (i) how production rates vary among reef habitats as a function of parrotfish assemblages, (ii) the relative importance of sediment produced from eroded, reworked, and endogenous sources, or (iii) the size fractions of sediment generated by different parrotfish species and size classes. These parameters influence not only overall reef‐derived sediment supply, but also influence the transport potential and depositional fate of this sedimentary material. Here, we show that parrotfish sediment production varies significantly between reef‐platform habitats on an atoll‐margin Maldivian reef. Highest rates of production (over 0.8 kg m−2 year−1) were calculated in three of the eight platform habitats; a rubble‐dominated zone, an Acropora spp. dominated zone, and a patch reef zone. Habitat spatial extent and differences in associated parrotfish assemblages strongly influenced the total quantities of sediment generated within each habitat. Nearly half of total parrotfish sediment production occurred in the rubble habitat, which comprised only 8% of the total platform area. Over 90% of this sedimentary material originated from eroded reef framework as opposed to being reworked existing or endogenously produced sediment, and comprised predominantly coral sands (predominantly 125–1000 µm in diameter). This is comparable to the dominant sand types and size fractions found on Maldivian reef islands. By contrast, nearly half of the sediment egested by parrotfish in the Acropora spp. dominated and patch reef habitats resulted from reworked existing sediments. These differences between habitats are a result of the different parrotfish assemblages supported. Endogenous carbonate production was found to be insignificant compared to the quantity of eroded and reworked material. Our findings have important implications for identifying key habitats and species which act as major sources of sediment for reef‐island systems.
Vacancy–vacancy pairs induced new phase formation in carbon boride: A design principle to achieve superior performance Li/Na‐ion battery anodes
Authors: Wei Yaru , Yang Baocheng , Wang Shuaiwei , Wu Donghai , Zhang Shouren , Chen Houyang , Ruckenstein Eli
Published: November 2021

Defect engineering is a desired manner to promote the performance of electrodes. Herein, by employing the boron atom substitution and carbon–boron vacancy–vacancy pairs in graphene, a defect‐induced two‐dimensional new phase, popC5B, is formed. The evidences indicate that it has dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stabilities. When used as anodes in Li/Na‐ion batteries, it possesses high theoretical specific capacities of 1891/1135 mAh/g. The high capacity is attributed to the synergy effect of various defect engineering and defect‐induced phase transition that lead to the charge delocalization in popC5B and promote the electron transfer between metal ions and popC5B. This study demonstrates that the synergy effect of various kinds of defects could be an effective approach to acquire high performance electrodes in batteries.

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The COVID‐19 pandemic's impact on older adults' mental health: Contributing factors, coping strategies, and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Webb Lauren M. , Chen Christina Y.
Published: November 2021

Key points

Rates of anxiety and depression have increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic in older adults.

Younger generations have reported higher rates of anxiety and depression during the pandemic compared to older adults.

Factors influencing the risk of mental illness in older adults during the pandemic include sex, age group, location, living situation, socioeconomic status, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities.

Strategies for older adults, caregivers, and health‐care providers may mitigate the effects of social isolation on the older adult population.
Airway injury from transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach
Authors: Long Sallie M. , Ali Khalid , Tufano Ralph P. , Banuchi Victoria E.
Published: November 2021

Background

The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel technique that eliminates a cervical scar. This procedure carries unique risks, and data on outcomes are needed as more cases are performed.

Methods

We describe two cases of airway injury during the TOETVA. A description of the procedure and management of the injuries is outlined.

Results

In one case, a 3‐mm injury in the thyrohyoid membrane was identified. The TOETVA was converted to an open approach due to significant inflammation in the setting of Graves' and the repair was performed while open. In the second case, a fracture occurred from the thyroid notch to Broyle's ligament without avulsion. A primary repair was endoscopically performed.

Conclusions

Airway injury is a possible complication of both open thyroidectomy and TOETVA. For TOETVA, trauma is most likely to occur in the midline during Hegar dilation and trocar placement through the central incision.
Review on natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: He Xiaohua , Gao Yan , Li Zhiming , Huang Huiqiang
Published: November 2021

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is strongly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and has a high prevalence in Asian and in Central and South America. About 85% of ENKTLs derive from NK cells and 15% from T‐cells. Various factors have been implicated in the development of ENKTL. Molecular pathogenesis of NK/T‐cell lymphomas include mutations of genes, involving in the Janus Kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, RNA helicase family, epigenetic regulation, and tumor suppression. The relationship between ENKTL and human leukocyte antigen has been demonstrated. Radiotherapy plays a key role in the first‐line treatment of early‐stage. In stage III/IV diseases, non‐anthracycline‐regimens‐containing L‐asparaginase are recommended. Although clinical remission after L‐asparaginase‐based combination therapy has been achieved in the majority of patients with advanced‐stage or relapsed/refractory extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma‐nasal type, the long‐term overall survival is still poor. Recently, immunotherapy and new therapeutic targets have gained much attention. In this article, we discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognostic models and management options of ENKTL.
Risk assessment prediction and analysis method of manufacturing enterprises in ICN
Authors: Sun Yihua , Ren Fangrong
Published: November 2021

With the development of market economy, the manufacturing industry is facing more and more competition and risks. In order to comply with the trend of the network, this paper draws lessons from the idea of the Information Centric‐Networking, and regards the content as the most important support for the development of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and consider the risk and security of the manufacturing data, and provide safeguard measures. In the traditional information security prediction methods, the accuracy of data is required, but there are too many uncertain factors in the prediction process, so the accuracy will be greatly reduced by using traditional methods. In order to ensure the accuracy of security risk prediction in manufacturing enterprises, this paper proposes a prediction method that combines fuzzy theory with Back Propagation (BP) neural network. In this method, the fuzzy theory is used to preprocess the data, and the preprocessed data is used as the input of the neural network, then the BP neural network is used for training and testing, and finally the level of enterprise information security risk is obtained. The simulation results show that this method can achieve high accuracy, and its accuracy is higher than that of the traditional method.
Research on denoising acceleration signal based athlete motion state detection
Authors: Lang Qi , Li Gaodi
Published: November 2021

Due to the non‐standard and inaccurate detection of the movement state of athletes, the subsequent adjustment and positioning error increases when facing a variety of motion states. Therefore, this paper proposes an athlete motion state detection method based on denoising acceleration signal. First of all, in order to overcome the influence of noise signal on the measurement accuracy of normal motion signal in motion state detection, the acceleration signal of athletes' inertial measurement is processed by empirical mode decomposition denoising method based on continuous mean square error criterion, and the motion acceleration signal after denoising is integrated twice in succession, thus the spatial trajectory of athletes is obtained. Secondly, the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test is used to detect and identify different motion states of athletes, and adaptively match the corresponding detection modes to achieve accurate state detection in multiple motion states.
Barriers and facilitators for pharmacists prescribing emergency contraception under statewide protocol
Authors: Rafie Sally , Hildebrand Marisa , Hurst Samantha , Economou Nicole , Stadnick Nicole A. , Mody Sheila K.
Published: November 2021

Background

Pharmacists can prescribe levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate emergency contraception (EC) under statewide protocol in California. The objective of this study was to determine barriers and facilitators for pharmacists prescribing EC.

Methods

For this qualitative study, we conducted semi‐structured individual interviews with 18 pharmacists and pharmacy technicians practicing in pharmacies across California. We operationalized the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) implementation science framework to develop the interview guide and inform the thematic analysis. The interview questions explored barriers and facilitators to implementation of pharmacist prescribing of EC.

Results

Several themes emerged around barriers and facilitators to service implementation in the PRISM domains of Intervention, External Environment, Implementation and Sustainability Infrastructure, and Recipients. Though participants had experience with over‐the‐counter sales of levonorgestrel EC, they had limited experience prescribing EC and with ulipristal acetate. Reported barriers include difficulty incorporating an additional service into workload without payment or additional human resources, lack of patient demand possibly due to absence of public awareness, lack of physician prescribing of EC, management approval required, and being unaware of the protocol. Participating pharmacists reported being motivated to prescribe EC to benefit patients and provide clinical services. Other reported facilitators included support from their local communities, opportunities created by the statewide protocol, training opportunities, pharmacy team‐based care, and providing patient‐centered care.

Conclusions

Multilevel contextual barriers and facilitators exist to implementing pharmacist prescribing of EC that could be addressed in a multicomponent implementation intervention. These findings may help guide implementation strategies, thus increasing patient access to EC.
The Ad‐MD method to calculate NMR shift including effects due to conformational dynamics: The 31P NMR shift in DNA
Authors: Fukal Jiří , Buděšínský Miloš , Páv Ondřej , Jurečka Petr , Zgarbová Marie , Šebera Jakub , Sychrovský Vladimír
Published: November 2021

A method for averaging of NMR parameters by molecular dynamics (MD) has been derived from the method of statistical averaging in MD snapshots, benchmarked and applied to structurally dynamic interpretation of the 31P NMR shift (δ31P) in DNA phosphates. The method employs adiabatic dependence of an NMR parameter on selected geometric parameter(s) that is weighted by MD‐calculated probability distribution(s) for the geometric parameter(s) (Ad‐MD method). The usage of Ad‐MD for polymers is computationally convenient when one pre‐calculated structural dependence of an NMR parameter is employed for all chemically equivalent units differing only in dynamic behavior. The Ad‐MD method is benchmarked against the statistical averaging method for δ31P in the model phosphates featuring distinctively different structures and dynamic behavior. The applicability of Ad‐MD is illustrated by calculating 31P NMR spectra in the Dickerson‐Drew DNA dodecamer. δ31P was calculated with the B3LYP/IGLO‐III/PCM(water) and the probability distributions for the torsion angles adjacent to the phosphorus atoms in the DNA phosphates were calculated using the OL15 force field.
Chest PET/MRI in Solid Cancers: Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of a Free‐Breathing 3D‐T1‐GRE Stack‐of‐Stars Volume Interpolated Breath‐Hold Examination (StarVIBE) Acquisition With That of a 3D‐T1‐GRE Volume Interpolated Breath‐Hold Examination (VIBE) for Chest Staging During Whole‐Body PET/MRI
Authors: Vermersch Mathilde , Emsen Berivan , Monnet Aurélien , Chalaye Julia , Galletto Pregliasco Athena , Baranes Laurence , Rahmouni Alain , Luciani Alain , Itti Emmanuel , Mulé Sébastien
Published: November 2021

Background

Whole‐body positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐PET/MRI) is increasingly used in oncology. However, chest staging remains challenging.

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic performance of a free‐breathing 3D‐T1‐GRE stack‐of‐stars volume interpolated breath‐hold examination (StarVIBE) with that of a 3D‐T1‐GRE volume interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) during WB‐PET/MRI for chest staging.

Study Type

Retrospective, cohort study.

Population

One hundred and twenty‐three patients were referred for initial staging of solid cancer, 46 of whom had pulmonary nodules and 14 had pulmonary metastasis.

Field Strength/Sequence

Free‐breathing 3D‐T1‐GRE stack‐of‐stars (StarVIBE) and Cartesian 3D‐T1‐GRE VIBE at 3.0 T.

Assessment

Image quality was assessed using a 4‐point scale and using the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of lung parenchyma and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of pulmonary nodules. Diagnostic performances of both sequences were determined by three independent radiologists for detection of pulmonary nodules, lymph node involvement, and bone metastases using chest CT, pathology, and follow‐up as reference standards.

Statistical Tests

Paired Student's t‐test; chi‐squared; Fisher's exact test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

StarVIBE quality was judged as better in 34% of cases and at least equivalent to VIBE in 89% of cases, with significantly higher quality scores (4 [4‐4] vs. 3 [3‐4], respectively). SNR and CNR values were significantly higher with StarVIBE (8 ± 1.3 and 9.7 ± 4.6, respectively) than with VIBE (1.8 ± 0.2 and 5.5 ± 3.3, respectively). Compared to VIBE, StarVIBE showed significantly higher sensitivity (73% [95% CI 62–82] vs. 44% [95% CI 33–55], respectively) and specificity (95% [95% CI 88–99] vs. 67% [95% CI 56–77]) for pulmonary nodules detection and significantly higher sensitivity (100% [95% CI 89–100] vs. 67% [95% CI 48–82], respectively) for detection of lymph node involvement. Sensitivities for bone metastases detection were not significantly different (100% [95% CI 88–100] vs. 82% [95% CI 63–94], P = 0.054).

Data Conclusion

Owing to improved SNR and CNR and spatial resolution, a free‐breathing 3D stack‐of‐stars T1‐GRE sequence improves chest staging in comparison with standard 3D‐T1‐GRE VIBE and may be integrated in WB‐PET/MRI acquisitions for initial staging of solid cancer.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Vicarious abusive supervision and turnover in expectant working mothers: Does financial dependency trigger emotional disconnect?
Authors: Thompson Merideth J. , Carlson Dawn S. , Hackney Kaylee , Vogel Ryan M.
Published: November 2021

Using a sample of 297 working mothers across three time periods (their last trimester of pregnancy, while on maternity leave, and after returning to the workplace), we examined the role of vicarious abusive supervision, beyond their own experience of abusive supervision, on turnover intentions through experiences of maternal mental health. Utilizing the unfolding model of turnover and Conservation of Resources theory, we found that experiencing the shock event of vicarious abusive supervision contributed to job‐related negative emotions as well as postpartum depressive symptoms in working new moms. Further, this experience of vicarious abusive supervision contributed to job‐related emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions, even after controlling for the mother's own experience of being targeted with abusive supervision behaviors. Finally, we examined the moderating role of financial dependence on this process and found that when working mothers' families were financially dependent on her job, the mothers were less likely to have turnover intentions. Implications for research and practice are provided.
A holistic model of the role, development, and future of knowledge management: Proposal for exploratory research
Authors: Nakash Maayan , Baruchson‐Arbib Shifra , Bouhnik Dan
Published: November 2021

This paper presents our proposal for an exploratory research study. The objective of the research is to develop a conceptual framework of the interpretations, meanings, perceptions, and beliefs related to the role, development, and future of the knowledge management (KM) discipline. We propose to develop a holistic model that will depict professionals' perceptions of this issue: the combined perceptions of both KM consultants and knowledge managers. The proposed qualitative research will be based on three research tools: Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews, focus groups, and content analysis. The data will be analyzed using a thematic analysis method based on the grounded theory approach. We collected preliminary empirical evidence from international KM experts during 2020. The findings revealed a remarkable variety of issues that exist at the core of the KM discipline. These issues include the role and purpose of KM in knowledge‐intensive organizations, the implications of the existence or absence of KM, and views about future avenues for its development. Our intention is to explore these issues further by expanding the research to other KM professionals. Through this, we hope to assist in the positioning of the discipline in the age of knowledge. This research may contribute significantly to both the theoretical and practical aspects of KM. Its uniqueness is reflected in the voices of KM professionals. We foresee that our research will enable a better understanding of the evolution of KM as a discipline, its contemporary role, and its future possibilities.
A complete analytical solution to the integro‐differential model describing the nucleation and evolution of ellipsoidal particles
Authors: Nikishina Margarita A. , Alexandrov Dmitri V.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a complete analytical solution to the integro‐differential model describing the nucleation and growth of ellipsoidal crystals in a supersaturated solution is obtained. The asymptotic solution of the model equations is constructed using the saddle‐point method to evaluate the Laplace‐type integral. Numerical simulations carried out for physical parameters of real solutions show that the first four terms of the asymptotic series give a convergent solution. The developed theory was compared with the experimental data on desupersaturation kinetics in proteins. It is shown that the theory and experiments are in good agreement.
Coupled poro‐mechanical tangent formulation applied to sedimentary basin modeling
Authors: Brüch André , Guy Nicolas , Lemos Paulo Sérgio B. , Maghous Samir
Published: November 2021

Sedimentary basin modeling involves large space domains and time periods. Reproducing the compaction processes of the sediment material requires the constitutive model to be formulated in the framework of large irreversible strains, taking both geometric and physical nonlinearities into account. This work presents a tangent formulation for the coupled poro‐mechanical system of equations resulting from the weak form of the momentum and fluid mass balance equations. The proposed workflow is integrated in a thermo‐poro‐mechanical finite element basin simulator. At material level, purely mechanical and chemo‐mechanical deformations are respectively addressed by means of plastic and viscoplastic components in the macroscopic state equations. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed tangent formulation are assessed through the simulation of a basin geological scenario involving gravitational compaction and tectonic shortening. Both drained and undrained behaviors of the basin rocks are simulated. The procedure has significantly improved the convergence rate and reduced the computational cost with comparison to the original formulation based on the standard poro‐elastic coefficients. In order to illustrate the potential of the basin simulator to deal with real case applications, a well model from the Neuquén basin in Argentina is also presented. The results are validated against available numerical and field data for porosity, pore‐pressure and temperature.
Modeling and optimization of multilevel marketing operations
Authors: Hum Sin‐Hoon , Parlar Mahmut
Published: November 2021

This paper models the resource allocation problem arising in multilevel marketing (i.e., network) operations. The supervisor of a network of salespersons has a limited resource (her own time). She must decide on the (i) optimal number of “direct contacts” to recruit, train and develop; (ii) optimal number of lower levels she should be responsible for helping to hire, train and develop their own direct contacts, and (iii) optimal allocation of her time at each level in the network. We use tools from branching processes and find general results for the probability distribution of the number of lower level contacts with non‐identical distributions for any given number of initial contacts. Using these results, we present an optimization model for contacts with different characteristics and determine the optimal number of initial contacts, the number of lower levels and the supervisor's optimal effort at each level using tools from nonlinear programming, in particular, Kuhn‐Tucker conditions and Lagrangian duality. We generalize our models, (i) to allow for the randomness of time spent by the supervisor; and (ii) the possibility of supervisor generating her own direct sales. Several examples illustrate our findings.
Nursing students’ attitudes towards death and caring for dying patients
Authors: Zahran Zainab , Hamdan Khaldoun M. , Hamdan‐Mansour Ayman M. , Allari Rabia S. , Alzayyat Abeer A. , Shaheen Abeer M.
Published: November 2021

Aim

To examine the attitudes of undergraduate Jordanian nursing students towards death and caring for dying patients.

Design

A cross‐sectional correlational design.

Methods

The Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying and Death Attitude Profile‐Revised scales were used in this study with a convenience sample of 555 students from nursing schools in Jordan.

Results

Nursing students had positive attitudes towards death (M = 153.7, SD = 21.5) and a positive attitude towards caring for dying patients (M = 98.1, SD = 9.2). Fear of death, escape acceptance and death avoidance were significant negative predictors, while neutral acceptance, higher academic level and female gender were significant positive predictors of caring for dying patients (F = 4.5).

Conclusion

Nursing students had positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients that was influenced by university type, academic level and gender. Nursing education must further focus on death, dying and end‐of‐life care across the core courses of nursing curricula, theory and practicum.
Nursing interventions to cover patients' basic needs in the intensive care context – A systematic review
Authors: Larsen Marie Hamilton , Johannessen Gudrun Irene , Heggdal Kristin
Published: November 2021

Aim

To examine the content, theoretical frameworks and effectiveness of nursing interventions utilizing patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Design

A systematic review and narrative synthesis following the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis checklist.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SweMed and Cochrane controlled trials register (CENTRAL) databases for studies evaluating interventions primarily delivered by nurses in the ICU. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias.

Results

Twenty‐two studies were included, whereas only seven studies used a theoretical framework. The interventions were heterogeneous in content, duration and choice of PROMs. Outcomes were related to covering patients' and families' basic needs, described by Henderson as essential functions of nursing. Several studies reported positive intervention effects, and nurses' communication and psychosocial care were considered essential components of nursing interventions in the ICU.
Animal diseases in the Central Balkan Eneolithic (ca. 4500–2500 BC)—A diachronic perspective on the site of Bubanj, south‐eastern Serbia
Authors: Bulatović Jelena , Marković Nemanja , Krstić Nikola , Bulatović Aleksandar , Mitrović Marko , Marinković Darko
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to present the first evidence of animal diseases from the Central Balkan Eneolithic, a prehistoric period that lasted about 2000 years. The eponymous site of Bubanj in south‐eastern Serbia provided a diachronic perspective on animal pathologies developing during this long time period. We analyzed 71 animal remains showing evidence of pathological changes. All of the remains exhibiting anomalies were subjected to macroscopic analysis, while the specimens with the most prominent alterations also underwent X‐ray and CT imaging. Anomalies were observed mostly in domestic animals. Only in caprines were all of the different types of anomalies present, with dental pathologies being the most frequent. Degenerative bone alterations were noted in around 78% of the domestic cattle specimens, while congenital anomalies were the most common type in domestic pigs. Pathological changes were also noted in dogs, aurochs, red deer, wild boars, beavers, and bears. In most cases, the anomalies were caused by hereditary and environmental factors. Caprine dental pathologies were the result of aging and poor‐quality nutrition. In domestic cattle, besides being caused by environmental factors, the degenerative alterations might also have been work related. The lack of paleopathological data from other Eneolithic sites in the region, and the scarce or non‐existent evidence from the previous (Neolithic) and succeeding (Bronze Age) periods prevented comparative analyses and discussion of the results within wider temporal and spatial frames. Establishing a paleopathological investigation of animal remains with anomalies from the prehistoric Central Balkans should be a standard, in order to provide us with a better understanding of human–animal interactions.
Political uncertainty, financial crises, and stock market volatility: Evidence fromMENAregion
Authors: Talbi Dorra , Chaibi Hasna , Maoueti Aymen
Published: November 2021

The main objective of this article is to analyze and compare the impact of political uncertainty and financial crises on stock market volatility in 10 MENA countries over the period 2005–2018. To test our hypothesis, a variety of GARCH models are used. The results indicate that political events have more significant effect than financial crises on stock market volatility, as we detect an increase in market volatility during political elections and terrorist attacks. The comparative tests employed to identify the best GARCH model in capturing stock markets volatilities reveal that GARCH/EGARCH models perform the best in our study. EGARCH model is more suitable during unpredictable events while GARCH model work well during predictable events. Additionally, we found that the reaction of investors is not similar during the three events studied. In fact, terrorist attacks admit a more significant effect than political election periods. We observed that the reaction of the stock market during expected events is not instantaneous, whereas it is instantaneous during unexpected events. Overall, our findings are of great significance for investors and market regulators in understanding the role of major events on stock market stability, particularly in MENA region.
BCG invokes superior STING‐mediated innate immune response over radiotherapy in a carcinogen murine model of urothelial cancer
Authors: Lombardo Kara A , Obradovic Aleksandar , Singh Alok Kumar , Liu James L , Joice Gregory , Kates Max , Bishai William , McConkey David , Chaux Alcides , Eich Marie‐Lisa , Rezaei M Katayoon , Netto George J , Drake Charles G , Tran Phuoc , Matoso Andres , Bivalacqua Trinity J
Published: November 2021

Radiation and bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) instillations are used clinically for treatment of urothelial carcinoma, but the precise mechanisms by which they activate an immune response remain elusive. The role of the cGAS–STING pathway has been implicated in both BCG and radiation‐induced immune response; however, comparison of STING pathway molecules and the immune landscape following treatment in urothelial carcinoma has not been performed. We therefore comprehensively analyzed the local immune response in the bladder tumor microenvironment following radiotherapy and BCG instillations in a well‐established spontaneous murine model of urothelial carcinoma to provide insight into activation of STING‐mediated immune response. Mice were exposed to the oral carcinogen, BBN, for 12 weeks prior to treatment with a single 15 Gy dose of radiation or three intravesical instillations of BCG (1 × 108 CFU). At sacrifice, tumors were staged by a urologic pathologist and effects of therapy on the immune microenvironment were measured using the NanoString Myeloid Innate Immunity Panel and immunohistochemistry. Clinical relevance was established by measuring immune biomarker expression of cGAS and STING on a human tissue microarray consisting of BCG‐treated non‐muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinomas. BCG instillations in the murine model elevated STING and downstream STING‐induced interferon and pro‐inflammatory molecules, intratumoral M1 macrophage and T‐cell accumulation, and complete tumor eradication. In contrast, radiotherapy caused no changes in STING pathway or innate immune gene expression; rather, it induced M2 macrophage accumulation and elevated FoxP3 expression characteristic of immunosuppression. In human non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, STING protein expression was elevated at baseline in patients who responded to BCG therapy and increased further after BCG therapy. Overall, these results show that STING pathway activation plays a key role in effective BCG‐induced immune response and strongly indicate that the effects of BCG on the bladder cancer immune microenvironment are more beneficial than those induced by radiation. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Scaling additive manufacturing for mass customization
Authors: Eckhoff Ashley
Published: November 2021

One of the major reasons cited for adopting additive manufacturing (AM) is customization. But customizing products based on AM demands a new business model, with its unique challenges for development and delivery of metal AM products. Products are far less likely to be manufactured in bulk before an order from a customer arrives. Instead, they are manufactured using AM after an order is received, and depending on the production strategy, this can dramatically extend lead times for deliveries. As more products are added to the manufacturing mix, it exacerbates the challenges in the manufacturing process. Ensuring the right product gets to the right customer requires that each order be carefully tracked throughout the manufacturing process.
Industrialization of quantum communication technologies
Authors: Amairi‐Pyka Sana
Published: November 2021

The growing number of cyber‐attacks together with the complexities of cyber risk management are driving the development of quantum‐based data security solutions. In this article, we look at the applications, challenges, and future business opportunities in the field of quantum key distribution, which is emerging as a promising solution to ensure highly secure data transfer, particularly in the telecom and finance sectors.
Governance and stewardship for research data and information sharing: Issues and prospective solutions in the transdisciplinary plant phenotyping and imaging research center network
Authors: Awada Lana , Phillips Peter W. B. , Bogdan Ana Maria
Published: November 2021

Societal Impact Statement

High‐throughput plant phenotyping is a transdisciplinary field of research that provides a systematic approach to assessing and understanding the life cycle of plants and aims to integrate plant genotype with plant ecophysiology and agronomy. Sharing data and information (D&I) is key to accelerating new scientific breakthroughs and innovations in plant phenotyping. The development of a governance and stewardship framework can overcome institutional, legal, and technical barriers that limit D&I sharing. This framework governs how decisions are made about D&I, how researchers engage with each other to manage D&I, and improves the content, discoverability, accessibility, and usability of D&I from different sources.

Despite the widely acknowledged value to be added by sharing research data and information (D&I), significant institutional, legal, and technical barriers remain to be addressed, particularly in managing transdisciplinary research. The Plant Phenotyping and Imaging Research Centre (P2IRC) offers an illuminating case study in how various researchers are exchanging their D&I to accommodate the requirements of transdisciplinary research.

Using social network analysis to explore the current state of D&I sharing in P2IRC, we found that D&I sharing was modest, with most exchanges taking place between academic researchers and predominantly within the same discipline. Lacking benefits arising from broader dissemination, scholars are not optimally sharing their D&I. Many researchers identified a range of barriers that limited sharing. These barriers are mainly rooted in the absence of D&I governance and stewardship.

To overcome barriers, we offer recommendations and solutions for developing a governance and stewardship framework that is tailored to the P2IRC project, but relevant to the wider research world. This includes how to assist adoption of a governance model, accountability and oversight mechanisms, and an operational framework for effective data collection, analysis, possession, and dissemination.

We provide recommendations that enable data stewards to preserve and improve the content, discoverability accessibility, and usability of data and metadata by making data interoperable from semantic, syntactic/technical, and legal perspectives. A governance framework would help open all aspects of research outputs, while achieving the access and benefit‐sharing (ABS) goal and contributing to the preservation and sustainable use of D&I.
Controlling molecular orientation by laser pulses with two different envelope shapes
Authors: Guo Meiqi , Zhou Min , Chai Shuo , Yu Jie
Published: November 2021

We use density matrix theory to numerically simulate the orientation of LiH molecules induced by laser pulses with two different envelope shapes. The results show that the envelope shape of the terahertz single‐cycle laser pulse (SCP) has  significant effects on molecular orientation degree and duration. When a SCP with adjusted laser field amplitude and carrier envelope phase is used to steer the molecular orientation, a larger orientation degree can be obtained by the Gaussian‐shaped SCP, while a longer orientation duration can be realized by the sin2‐shaped SCP. When combined with the two‐color femtosecond laser pulse, the sin2‐shaped SCP is better than Gaussian‐shaped SCP, either in improving orientation degree and duration or in stability and controllability shown with increasing temperature. The optimal molecular orientation can be realized under the combination of the two‐color femtosecond laser pulse and sin2‐shaped SCP which has the appropriate delay time: the maximal orientation degree reaches 0.801 at 0 K and 0.450 at 20 K, the maximal orientation duration is 31.3% of the rotational period at 0 K.
Achievement and challenges of the Cuban Science, Technology, and Innovation System: A perspective on computational science
Authors: Gulín‐González Jorge
Published: November 2021

An appropriate arranging of science, technology, and innovation systems (STIS) becomes essential for emerging countries. A good management of the system allows a more efficient use of the natural and human resources and a better answer to global challenges. Data about the Cuban Science, Technology, and Innovation System (CSTIS) and its characteristics are rare in the literature. This Perspective introduces a general landscape about the growth of the CSTIS focused on the development of computational sciences and its relation to the biotechnological and pharma technologies. General features, main results, and challenges of the CSTIS system are presented here. On the other hand, growth of computational sciences is crucial because they allow to save material and human resources, energy and time, and their progress become critical as a support of the applied research, mostly in the field of the biotechnology and pharma industry. In this paper, the most relevant Cuban groups that perform research in computational chemistry, computational physics and bioinformatics are reported. According to my opinion, the training of new professionals in transdisciplinary fields (like bioinformatics), new technological infrastructure available and the accumulated experience of the computational research groups is a good platform to think about a promising future of these sciences and their contribution to the Cuban economy and society. Cuba's experiences in the management of the STIS may be very useful for emerging countries, especially those with low financial resources.
Impact of polyvinylpyrrolidone and quantity of silver nitrate on silver nanoparticles sizing via solvothermal method for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Shamsudin N.H. , Shafie Suhaidi , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin , Ahmad Fauzan , Sadrolhosseini Amir Reza , Sulaiman Yusran , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Mohd Chachuli Siti Amaniah
Published: November 2021

The multiple sizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the miscible compound of ethylene glycol (EG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) via the solvothermal method. During the synthesis, the PVP‐AgNO3 was contemplated as a paramount parameter. Using the simple method of solvothermal, the sizing of AgNPs was easily controlled in accord with the augmentation of PVP‐AgNO3 at secured and moderate temperature. In regards to the sizing of AgNPs, the presence of minimum agglomeration, the absorption capability and chemical structures were highlighted through a series of verification includes ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The effectiveness of the synthesized AgNPs was further investigated and compared with the commercial AgNPs by incorporating the AgNPs into titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor film‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Results signified that the spherical AgNPs with produced sizing within the range of 19.6 to 45.2 nm were greatly impacting by tunable quantities of PVP‐AgNO3, which was validated in the forms of linear equations. A larger size promotes a slower nucleation rate that conduces agglomeration. In opposition to this, the smallest size of AgNPs develops a faster formation rate of Ag ions into AgNPs, inducing the deterrent of agglomeration in light of notable particle dispersion. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) contributed by the incorporation of synthesized AgNPs into TiO2 is also 41.2% higher than that of the commercial AgNPs‐TiO2. This is because the synthesized AgNPs provides less agglomeration which led to a better surface plasmonic effect towards the nanoparticles.
A Bayesian phase I/II platform design for co‐developing drug combination therapies for multiple indications
Authors: Mu Rongji , Xu Jin , Tang Rui (Sammi) , Kopetz Scott , Yuan Ying
Published: November 2021

There is a growing trend to combine a new targeted or immunotherapy agent with the cancer‐specific standard of care to treat different types of cancers. We propose a master‐protocol‐based, Bayesian phase I/II platform design to co‐develop combination (BPCC) therapies in multiple indications. Under the BPCC design, only a single master protocol is needed, and the combined drug is evaluated in different indications in a concurrent or staggered fashion. For each indication, we jointly model dose‐toxicity and ‐efficacy relationships and employ Bayesian hierarchical models to borrow information across them for more efficient indication‐specific decision‐making. To account for the characteristic of targeted or immunotherapy agents that their efficacy may not monotonically increase with the dose, and often plateau at high doses, we use the utility to quantify the risk‐benefit tradeoff of the treatment. At each interim, we update the toxicity and efficacy model, as well as the estimate of the utility, based on the observed data across indications to inform the indication‐specific decision of dose escalation and de‐escalation and identify the optimal biological dose for each indication. Simulation study shows that the BPCC design has desirable operating characteristics, and that it provides an efficient approach to accelerate the development of combination therapies.