bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haemosporidian Parasites in Domestic and Wild Birds
Authors: Essa Isra’a M.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to provide brief information about the role of haemosporidian parasites in birds and significant implications for avian health, population dynamics, and control efforts. Haemosporidian parasites, belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, are a diverse group of protozoan organisms that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including birds. These parasites have a complex life cycle, with both sexual and asexual stages, and are transmitted by blood-feeding insects such as mosquitoes, midges, and blackflies. The potential impact of these parasites include a wide range of health issues in infected birds, including anemia, decreased body condition, and reduced reproductive success. Additionally, the distribution of parasitic populations within individual hosts can lead to complex interactions between the host and its parasites, which can influence the overall population structure and dynamics of both the host and the parasite. The prevalence and genetic diversity of haemosporidian parasites can also vary depending on various factors, such as the migratory patterns of birds, availability of suitable vectors, and environmental conditions in different regions. In conclusion, haemosporidian parasites play a crucial role in the dynamics of bird populations, influencing their health, fitness, and population structure. Understanding the complex interactions between these parasites and their avian hosts is essential for developing effective strategies for the conservation and management of bird populations.
Re-Design of Dental Chair Equipment Using Kansei Engineering Method and Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Ginting Rosnani , Napitupulu Humala L. , Ishak Aulia , Malik Alfin Fauzi , Setiawan Alvin , Zubair Ahmad Faiz
Published: February 2025

Dental chair equipment is a crucial component of the dentist's operations when providing the patient with healthcare and is inseparable from dental activity. There have been complaints about how the product's user is inflicting discomfort on the operator during the patient's treatment, which may necessitate improving the device's design in accordance with the feelings and emotions of the user. This can be done by integrating Kansei Engineering methods with Quality Function Deployment Phases I and II to improve product quality and identify technical specifications and crucial product components. By using Kansei word in research tools like questionnaires, Kansei Engineering is used to determine the emotional demands of the user. Kansei Engineering can therefore assist in the initial stages of product design. The outcomes of the Kansei Engineering are then used as input for the following round of design choices made using the Quality Function Deployment. According to Kansei Engineering's findings, customers desire a modern, secure, comfortable, and appealing color tool, with product size compatibility being the technical characteristic that needs to be improved upon most urgently. Critical parts are produced in Phase II QFD. The main material quality, foam material quality, and part compatibility are the areas that need development the most. These findings demonstrate that the effective application of Kansei Engineering and QFD has produced design decisions that adhere to consumer preferences.
Systematic Comprehensive Review of Circular Economy Integration for Vocational Learning
Authors: Ab Hamid Norzaharah , Mohd Kamaruzaman Fathiyah , Rasul Mohamad Sattar , Liu Zhi Yi
Published: February 2025

The achievement of current Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in an increasingly complex global society drives the need to integrate circular economy principles in vocational education. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the use of the circular economy concept in the context of vocational learning. The identified problem is the lack of in-depth understanding of how the circular economy can be effectively integrated in vocational learning programs. The lack of complete and systematic information sources in this area is another issue that needs to be resolved. The objective of the study is to identify the potential integration of the circular economy in vocational learning. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive systematic review on the integration of the circular economy in vocational learning. In this study, we used the PRISMA approach to find primary data based on several keywords such as "circular economy", "vocational education", and "sustainability learning". Based on advanced searching on Scopus, Web of Science and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) we found n=23 relevant articles for this study. The experts have identified three main themes; (1) Circular Economy Concepts and Implementation; (2): Circular Economy in Industry; and (3): Circular Economy Benefit. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive view on the integration of the circular economy in vocational learning. The results of this study are expected to provide guidance to educators, researchers, and stakeholders in their efforts to strengthen sustainability-oriented vocational learning. In addition, the results of this study also provide a basis for further research in this field, which is important to strengthen the awareness and implementation of the circular economy in vocational education for a more sustainable future.
Study of Soil Temperature and Soil-Atmosphere Interaction for Three Soil Types in the Oran Region
Authors: Bennaceur Djihad , Laredj Nadia , Maliki Mustapha , Missoum Hanifi , Koten Hasan
Published: February 2025

In view of the growing interest on global climate change, various researchers have attempted to assess the variation of soil temperature at different depth. The soil temperature profile fluctuates according to various parameters. In this investigation, a coupled numerical model was elaborated considering soil-atmosphere interaction and soil characteristics for unsaturated soils. Three distinct soil types; sand, loam and clay, were investigated to attempt to identify the one that exhibits the highest efficiency in geothermal energy transfer. Additionally, the developed model integrates the real meteorological conditions, including temperature, precipitation, and humidity of Oran region (Algeria), to simulate the soil-atmospheric interactions. These interactions, involving net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux, are used to quantify the energy balance and hydro-thermal transfer processes occurring at the soil surface. The study’s findings indicate that clayey soils exhibit the highest efficiency in geothermal energy transfer. Moreover, this research provides valuable insights for optimizing the design and implementation of geothermal structures, aiming to improve heating and cooling efficiency in buildings.
Revolutionizing Grease Formulation: Sustainable Practices and Thermal Performance Enhancement through Waste Transformer Oil and Advanced Additives
Authors: Bashari Nor Amira Fatihah , Abd Aziz Mohd Aizudin , Miles Nick , Hairunnaja Muhammad Auni , Ali Mohd Faizal
Published: February 2025

This research explores the formulation of sustainable and high-performance greases utilizing waste transformer oil (WTO) as a base material and incorporating additives such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and fumed silica. The study involves a meticulous process, including the pre-treatment of WTO, grease production, blending of additives, and thorough characterization. Various tests, including consistency, dropping point, oil bleeding, and FTIR analysis, provide comprehensive insights into the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and molecular composition of the formulated greases. The research contributes to advancing grease formulation practices, with a focus on sustainability and performance enhancement. The successful integration of waste transformer oil and additives demonstrates the potential for environmentally conscious lubrication solutions. This study provides a valuable foundation for future developments in the field.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Ilmu Tajwid Melalui Media Power Point Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadits Di Kelas Viii Mts Hubbul Wathan Cilawu Garut
Authors: Fauziah Hapsah , Lia Lia
Published: February 2025

Al-Qur’an merupakan sumber utama bagi umat Islam yang berfungsi sebagai petunjuk bagi kehidupan di dunia untuk meraih kehidupan di akhirat.Karena fungsinya tersebut, maka usaha untuk mengkaji dan memahami Al-Qu’ran menjadi persoalan yang sangat penting sehingga pesan-pesan yang terkandung di dalamnya dapat diterima sekaligus dapat dilaksanakan. Selain itu, sudah merupakan suatu keyakinan yang melekat di kalangan umat Islam bahwa Al- Qur’an adalah mukjizat Nabi Muhammad Saw yang kekal dan ajarannya bersifat universal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Pengaruh Pembelajaran Ilmu Tajwid Melalui Media Power Point Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadits. Metode kuantitatif  digunakan  dalam  penelitian  ini  karena  hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk angka statistik. Jenis penelitian yang dipilih adalah deskriptif korelatif, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh atau hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih. Digunakan untuk mempelajari populasi atau sampel tertentu. Pengumpulan  data menggunakan alat penelitian, analisis data statistik yang tujuannya untuk menguji hipotesis yang diberikan. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat pengaruh Pengaruh Pembelajaran Ilmu Tajwid Melalui Media Power Point Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadist menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis korelasi sebesar 46,77% yaitu terletak pada rentang 0,40-0,50 dan termasuk pada kategori tinggi dengan taraf kepercayaan 5%. Dengan demikian Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak
Kata Kunci : Ilmu Tajwid, Kemampuan Membaca Al-Qur’an
Hubungan Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru PAI Dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak
Authors: Raito Raito , Rahman Eep Syaepul
Published: February 2025

Peran guru dalam sebuah Pendidikan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan kualitasnya pun harus diperhatikan. Guru merupakan seseorang yang memberikan didikan kepada siswa agar tujuan dari Pendidikan itu sendiri bisa tercapai. Akan tetapi, guru juga harus mempunya kompetensi yang baik dan matang agar semua proses pembelajaran sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Salah satunya memiliki kompetensi kepribadian yang baik, Karena ketika seorang guru memiliki kompetensi kepribadian yang baik maka hal tersebut akan mendorong siswa untuk meningkatkan hasil belajarnya karena menjadikan guru sebagai contoh dalam hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru PAI Dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Akidah Akhlak Di Kelas VIII MTs AL-Ma’arif Kadungora Garut, selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran guru dalam mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Terhadap Kompetensi Kepribadiannya. Sehingga dapat diperoleh persentase sejauh mana kompetensi kepribadian guru berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Kuantitatif deskriptif korelatif, sehingga akan diperoleh hubungan antara Variabel Bebas (Kompetensi Kepribadian) dengan Variabel Terikat (Hasil Belajar), subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII di MTs Al-Ma’arif Kadungora Garut yaitu sebanyak 40 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa uji statistik terdapat Hubungan Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru PAI dengan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak di kelas VIII MTs AL-Ma’arif kadungora Garut sebesar 63%, sedangkan faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa sebanyak 37% namun tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Demikian temuan dari hasil penelitian ini.
Kata Kunci : Kompetensi Kepribadian, Hasil Belajar Siswa., Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Melalui Mediasi Adat di Kecamatan Kahayan Tengah, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Sibot Yessiarie Silvanny , Nugraha Satriya , Darmawan Muhammad Thaariq
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan cara penyelesaian terjadinya proses sengketa tanah melalui mediasi Ketua Adat serta penyebab terjadinya konflik antara masyarakat adat di Kecamatan Kahayan Tengah Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa tanah melalui mediasi secara adat dimasyarakat serta hambatan maupun kendala dalam penyelesaian sengketa adat di masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan teknik pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dan teknik penarikan kesimpulan induktif dan melakukan wawancara di kedamangan. Hasil penelitian ini, menjelaskan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan tidak memiliki kiekuatan eksekutoria. Hambatan yang terjadi karena kurangnya pemahaman terhadap batasan tanah ulayat, karena telah meninggalkan pelaku sejarah para tokoh adat merupakan kelompok orang yang paling mengetahui keberadaan tanah ulayatnya, proses mediasi tidak ada itikad baik serta minimnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk mensertifikasi tanah.
Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pertambangan Batubara yang Berorientasi pada Sustainable Development Goals di Wilayah IKN, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianingrum Aullia Vivi , Oktaviani Yohana Widya
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebijakan pengelolaan pertambangan batubara yang berorientasi pada kepedulian terhadap lingkungan untuk mewujudkan program Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 di wilayah Ibukota Nusantara (IKN). Metode penulisan yang digunakan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan hukum doctrinal sebagai konsekuensi atas pengumpulan data yang diperoleh dari hasil studi kepustakaan dan telaah undang-undang tentang upaya penegakan hukum dan tindaklanjut kebijakan pada rumusan naskah kajian bersama Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara Kementerian Energi, Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) untuk menertibkan proper yang berbasis SDG’s. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pemberian sanksi tegas perlu dilakukan agar lingkungan di Kalimantan Timur tidak tercemari dari aktivitas industri pertambangan batubara melalui konsep pembangunan perkotaan berkelanjutan dan kota modern yang memuat pilar pembangunan social, pilar pembangunan ekonomi, pilar pembangunan lingkungan, dan pilar pembangunan hukum dan tata kelola. Oleh karenanya perlu instrument penegakan hukum baik secara administrative, sanksi pidana dan perdata agar hakikat Proper dapat memberi manfaat, dan meningkatkan peran perusahaan dalam mengelola lingkungan hidup sekaligus menimbulkan efek stimulan dalam pemenuhan peraturan lingkungan dan nilai tambah terhadap pemeliharaan sumber daya alam, konservasi energi dan community development. Selaku pengelola dan pengusaha tambang batubara tentunya bertanggungjawab untuk selalu komitmen atas keberlangsungan pembangunan yang berwawasan lingkungan.
Implikasi Hukum atas Perubahan Bisnis UMKM: Strategi Adaptasi Era Digital dan E-commerce di Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat , Kholik Nur
Published: February 2025

Transformasi sekarang ini tidaklah mudah, karena UMKM dihadapkan langsung pada berbagai tantangan yang kompleks dalam mengadopsi E-commerce. tantangan teknologi dan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, seperti keterbatasan akses dan penguasaan teknologi terkini serta kekurangan keahlian sumber daya manusia dalam mengelola dan memanfaatkan E-commerce secara efektif. Permasalahan yang muncul terhadap implikasi hukum atas perubahan bisnis UMKM dalam adaptasi terhadap era digital dan E-commerce di Indonesia. Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu hendaknya pemerintah dapat mendorong pertumbuhan E-commerce dan keberlanjutan UMKM Melalui berbagai inisiatif seperti fasilitasi "Go Online". Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tantangan internal, termasuk keterbatasan sumber daya finansial yang menjadi penghambat utama dalam investasi E-commerce, dan pertimbangan terkait adaptasi dan pemasaran produk UMKM di platform online. Sementara itu, tantangan strategis dan pemasaran meliputi kebutuhan akan strategi pemasaran yang efektif dan inovasi dalam meningkatkan pengalaman pelanggan agar dapat bersaing di pasar E-commerce yang kompetitif.
Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Bisnis: Tinjauan Terhadap Pemboikotan dalam Praktik Persaingan Usaha
Authors: Firmansyah Januarta Akbar
Published: February 2025

Pemboikotan merupakan salah satu praktik yang sering terjadi dalam persaingan usaha, yang sering kali melibatkan tindakan-tindakan kolusi antara pelaku usaha untuk mengekang persaingan atau merugikan pesaing. Artikel ini menyajikan analisis hukum ekonomi bisnis tentang fenomena pemboikotan dalam praktik persaingan usaha. Melalui tinjauan yang mendalam, artikel ini membahas konsep, jenis, dan dampak dari pemboikotan terhadap pasar dan konsumen. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mengulas berbagai aspek hukum yang terkait dengan pemboikotan, termasuk kerangka regulasi yang ada, pendekatan hukum yang digunakan dalam menangani kasus pemboikotan, dan tantangan dalam penegakan hukum terhadap praktik ini. Dengan memahami secara komprehensif tentang pemboikotan dalam praktik persaingan usaha, diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik dalam upaya mencegah dan menangani praktik-praktik anti-persaingan.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Redaksi Pers Dalam Kasus Berita Hoaks menurut Undang-Undang No.40 Tahun 1999
Authors: Sulistyono Puji , Lestarika Dwi Putri , Agusalim Agusalim
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini membahas tentang sistem pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam bidang pers terkait penyebaran berita bohong (hoaks) di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada pengaturan hukum yang berlaku dan proses penegakan hukum. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE), penyebaran berita bohong yang merugikan konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik diatur dalam Pasal 28 ayat (1) dengan ancaman pidana hingga 6 tahun dan denda maksimal Rp 1 miliar. Namun, dalam konteks pers, pertanggungjawaban pidana seringkali diatur dengan sistem berjenjang, di mana tanggung jawab atas isi pemberitaan dapat dialihkan dari pimpinan redaksi kepada anggota redaksi lainnya atau penulis berita tersebut. Kendati demikian, masih terdapat kekosongan hukum mengenai siapa yang benar-benar bertanggung jawab atas penyebaran berita bohong, apakah individu wartawan atau pimpinan redaksi. Hal ini menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam penegakan pidana terkait pers yang menyebarkan berita bohong.
The importance of agricultural holdings in the production of agricultural products in the region
Authors:   Altai State University, Vorobyov S.P. , Vorobyovа V.V. ,   Altai State University, Zhang F. ,   Altai State University, Savchenko A.S. ,   Altai Branch of the RANEPA
Published: February 2025

The research was conducted in order to determine the structure of agricultural production in the Altai Territory by various types of agricultural holdings (federal, interregional, regional, local), identify problems and prospects for the development of agriculture in the region. It was revealed that 26% of agricultural organizations in the region are managed by agricultural holdings (mainly local and interregional), the profitability of production in holdings of various types varies, which is due to the peculiarities of large-scale production, specialization.
The role of the expert community in substantiating the economic strategy of the state
Authors:   Institute for Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shirov A.A.
Published: February 2025

The main areas of work of the expert community and the VEO of Russia in 2024 are considered. There is an increasing demand from authorities for expert support in decision-making in the field of economic policy. The new electoral cycle is associated with the updating of national development goals, the formation of new national projects, and the refinement of a few strategic planning documents. This activity involves the support of the scientific community in a wide range of areas, from the justification of strategic goals of economic policy to quantitative assessments of the economic effectiveness of planned activities. The article considers the key derections of current economic policy, issues of changing the parameters of the global economy, requirements for the Strategy of Spatial Development of Russia, issues of implementation of budget and monetary policy.
Personnel threats as the main destructive factor of an organization's economic security
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Tkacheva M.V. , Beresnev N.R. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: February 2025

The subject of the study is the personnel of economic entities, which we consider as the main source of threats to the economic security of organizations. This paper provides an overview of the key characteristics of personnel threats to the economic security of the organization, analyzes their impact on its components, and develops its own recommendations for preventing and countering this type of threat.
Research on the problems of staffing implementation strategic directions of socio-economic development of the subjects of the North Caucasus federal district
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Management of the North Caucasus Federal University, Ushvitskiy L.I. , Kalyugina S.N. ,   Institute of Economics and Management of the North Caucasus Federal University, Mukhoryanova O.A. ,   Institute of Economics and Management of the North Caucasus Federal University
Published: February 2025

В статье обосновывается необходимость разработки комплекса мер правового, управленческого и социально-экономического характера, позволяющих нивелировать риски и угрозы формирования сбалансированного рынка труда в СКФО. Проведен анализ состояния рынка труда макрорегиона, по результатам сформирован проблемный профиль, учитывающий возможности и направления развития кадрового потенциала, предложены механизмы удовлетворения кадровых потребностей региональной экономики, определяемые стратегическими направлениями социально-экономического развития субъектов Северо-Кавказского федерального округа.
Urbanization and spatial development issues
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bakhtizin A.R.
Published: February 2025

The report examines issues of spatial development, urbanization processes and their impact on birth rates, the possibility of reversing the depopulation trend, and the effectiveness of the maternal capital program. In addition, some mechanisms for stimulating birth rates are assessed.
Supply decision of existing apartment: Case study of apartment transactions in Gangdong district, Seoul, Korea
Authors: Lee Seongwon , Shin Seungwoo , Lee Yeonjae
Published: February 2025

Despite its importance, homeowners’ supply type decision has been under-researched due to data limitations. We construct a dataset of 4,037 apartment units in Gangdong district, Seoul, Korea over a 46-quarter period (2011Q1–2022Q2). We simultaneously analyse both the asset and space markets. The results show that the estimated probability and estimated volume of sale from supply type choice models are statistically significant in both the sales and rental price models. The key findings of our study are two. We find that the housing sales and rental markets interact and co-move together. We also demonstrate that the institution of the two-year lease contract period influences the transaction probabilities in both the sales and rental markets. For the supply type decision model, the estimated sale-transaction (rental-transaction) price significantly impacts the sale-transaction (rental-transaction) volume. However, no significant relationship was found between the estimated sale price and rental-transaction volume, nor between the estimated rental price and sale-transaction volume. The results of the forecast-performance comparison show that the integrated supply model_T/probability (calibrated) is the best for sales volume, whereas the two-year lagged value is the best for rental-volume estimation. This demonstrates institutional effects in the rental-housing market in Korea.
Recovering Injected Astrophysics from the LISA Double White Dwarf Binaries
Authors: Delfavero Vera , Breivik Katelyn , Thiele Sarah , O’Shaughnessy Richard , Baker John G.
Published: February 2025

We present the successful recovery of common-envelope ejection efficiency assumed in a simulated population of double white dwarf (DWD) binaries like those which may be observed by the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission. We simulate the formation of DWD binaries by using the COSMIC population synthesis code to sample binary formation conditions such as initial mass function, metallicity of star formation, initial orbital period, and initial eccentricity. These binaries are placed in the m12i synthetic Milky Way–like galaxy, and their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the LISA instrument is estimated, considering a Galactic gravitational-wave foreground informed by the population. Through the use of Fisher estimates, we construct a likelihood function for the measurement error of the LISA-bright DWD binaries (≥20 SNR, f
GW ≥ 5 mHz), in their gravitational-wave frequency (f
GW) and chirp mass. By repeating this process for different assumptions of the common-envelope ejection efficiency, we apply Bayesian hierarchical inference to find the best match to an injected astrophysical assumption for a fiducial population model. We conclude that the impact of common-envelope ejection efficiency on the mass-transfer processes involved in DWD formation may be statistically relevant in the future observed LISA population, and that constraints on binary formation may be found by comparing simulated populations to a future observed population.
The Structure of the Molecular Envelope of the Ring Nebula (NGC 6720)
Authors: Kastner Joel H. , Wilner David J. , Ryder Diana , Moraga Baez Paula , De Marco Orsola , Sahai Raghvendra , Wootten Alwyn , Zijlstra Albert
Published: February 2025

We present the first interferometric imaging of molecular line emission from the Ring Nebula, NGC 6720, in the form of Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of CO J = 2 → 1 emission. The SMA 12CO(2–1) mapping data, with ∼3″ spatial resolution and 2 km s−1 velocity resolution, provide an unprecedentedly detailed, 3D view of the Ring’s clumpy molecular envelope. The emission morphology displayed in the velocity-integrated SMA 12CO(2–1) image closely resembles the morphologies of near-IR H2 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission as revealed in recent JWST/NIRCam imaging of NGC 6720. The SMA 12CO(2–1) data demonstrate that the molecular gas is found within a geometrically thin layer that immediately surrounds the ionized gas imaged by Hubble Space Telescope and JWST. A simple, geometric model of the 12CO(2–1) emission data shows that the intrinsic structure of NGC 6720’s molecular envelope closely resembles a truncated, triaxial ellipsoid that is viewed close to pole-on, and that the dynamical age of the molecular envelope is ∼6000 yr. The SMA 12CO(2–1) mapping data furthermore reveal that some of the faint, filamentary features seen projected in the Ring’s interior in JWST imaging are in fact fast-moving polar knots or bullets with radial velocities of ±45–50 km s−1 relative to the systemic velocity, and that the hot progenitor star remnant is positioned at the precise geometric center of the clumpy, ellipsoidal molecular shell. We assert that the Ring’s molecular envelope represents the “fossil” remnant of a relatively sudden mass ejection ∼6000 yr ago that terminated the progenitor star’s asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolution, and that this ellipsoidal envelope of AGB ejecta was then punctured by fast, collimated polar outflows or jets resulting from interactions between the progenitor and one or more companion stars. Such an evolutionary scenario may describe most if not all molecule-rich, “Ring-like” planetary nebulae.
Rotational Spectrum and Search for Lactonitrile toward Sgr B2(N)
Authors: Insausti A. , Alonso E. R. , Kolesniková L. , Belloche A. , León I. , Mato S.
Published: February 2025

Laboratory experiments on interstellar ice analogs have demonstrated that ice mixtures containing acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of ammonia (NH3), water (H2O), or an NH3/H2O mixture allow the formation of the chiral molecule lactonitrile (2-hydroxypropionitrile; CH3CH(OH)CN). These findings place lactonitrile among possible interstellar molecules, especially when its methyl-shortened derivative glycolonitrile and the precursors are known interstellar species. To support the search for lactonitrile in interstellar space, we present measurements under supersonic expansion conditions in the 6–16 GHz frequency range, along with a detailed analysis of its room-temperature rotational spectrum from 75 to 325 GHz. Improved and extended sets of molecular parameters, determined from the newly measured data and selected literature measurements, are obtained for two conformers of lactonitrile, with accuracies conducive to reliable interstellar searches. We report the nondetection of lactonitrile toward the main hot core Sgr B2(N1S), with a column density upper limit 1 order of magnitude higher than the upper limit derived for the related molecule glycolonitrile.
Bilateral Constraints on Proton Lorentz Violation Effects
Authors: He Ping , Ma Bo-Qiang
Published: February 2025

Since the early reports of events beyond the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, the investigation of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays has emerged as a fundamental method for testing Lorentz invariance violation (LV) effects. Recent advances in observational capabilities have resulted in more stringent constraints on LV parameters. This study delves into the potentially anomalous phenomena arising from subluminal and superluminal LV effects, encompassing aspects such as proton decay and atypical threshold behavior of photo-pion production from protons within the GZK region. High-energy proton observations via cosmic rays have imposed stringent constraints on superluminal proton LV effects, while the confirmation of the GZK cutoff has established a robust boundary for the anomalous phenomena associated with subluminal proton LV effects. The research provides rigorously bilateral constraints on proton LV effects from both subluminal and superluminal standpoints.
Quantifying Advantages of a Moving Mesh in Nuclear Hydrodynamics
Authors: Hasenour Dillon L. , Duffell Paul C.
Published: February 2025

Many astrophysical explosions, such as type Ia supernovae, classical novae, and X-ray bursts, are dominated by thermonuclear runaway. To model these processes accurately, one must evolve nuclear reactions concurrently with hydrodynamics. We present an application of the moving mesh technique to this field of computation with the aim of explicitly testing the advantages of the method against the fixed mesh case. By way of traditional Strang splitting, our work couples a 13 isotope nuclear reaction network to a 1D moving mesh, Cartesian geometry hydrodynamics code. We explore three reacting problems: an acoustic pulse, a burning shock, and an advecting deflagration. Additionally, using the shock jump conditions, we semianalytically solve the burning shock problem under the assumption of quick, complete burning with the hope of establishing a useful and easy-to-set-up test problem. Strong moving mesh advantages are found in advecting, deflagrating flame fronts, where the technique dramatically reduces numerical diffusion that would otherwise lead to very fast artificial deflagration.
The Polarization Signatures of the Inverse Cascade in Magnetic Turbulence
Authors: Zhu X. W. , Xie Y. , Lei Z. , Yuan W. Q. , Jin X. X. , Zhao Z. H. , Qiao B.
Published: February 2025

The inverse cascade of magnetic energy from smaller to larger scales is a key physical process for the formation of coherent magnetic fields in many astronomical turbulent systems. Synchrotron radiation polarization, an observable measurement closely related to the magnetic field topology and particle distribution function, is an important and promising tool for diagnosing this highly dynamic process. Here, for the first time, we use the first-principle particle-in-cell simulations to systematically investigate the polarization signatures during the inverse cascade of the magnetic field. We find that the polarization degree (PD) increases rapidly with the increase in the coherent scale of the magnetic field during the inverse transfer and its growth rate is positively correlated with the rate of inverse transfer and could be described by a logarithmic growth formula, and we also identify that the scale with the largest PD variation is coincident with this coherent scale by applying the spatial filter method. In addition, we show that the polarization signature is significantly dependent on the radiated photon energy and the line of sight, with high-energy radiation more sensitive to the increase in the coherent scale of the turbulent magnetic field than low-energy radiation, and the polarization characteristics present significant pitch-angle anisotropy due to the acceleration of particles in the presence of a strong background magnetic field. Our results provide a promising method to explore the astrophysical inverse cascade process and infer the coherent scale of turbulence, which could be validated by astronomical observations in the future.
New Perspective on the Multiple-population Phenomenon in Galactic Globular Clusters from a Wide-field Photometric Survey
Authors: Jang S. , Milone A. P. , Marino A. F. , Tailo M. , Dondoglio E. , Legnardi M. V. , Cordoni G. , Ziliotto T. , Lagioia E. P. , Carlos M. , Mohandasan A. , Bortolan E. , Lee Y.-W.
Published: February 2025

Wide-field photometry of Galactic globular clusters (GCs) has been investigated to overcome limitations from the small field of view of the Hubble Space Telescope in the study of multiple populations. In particular, “chromosome maps” (ChMs) built with ground-based photometry were constructed to identify the first- and second-generation (1G and 2G) stars over the wide field of view. The ChMs allow us to derive the fraction of distinct populations in an analyzed field of view. We present here the radial distribution of the 2G fraction in 29 GCs. The distributions show that all the GCs have either a flat distribution or more centrally concentrated 2G stars. Notably, we find that the fraction of 1G stars outside the half-light radius is clearly bifurcated across all mass range. It implies that a group of GCs with lower 1G fractions (hereafter Group II) have efficiently lost their 1G stars in the outermost cluster regions. In fact, in connection with the trends of the radial distribution, most GCs of Group II have spatially mixed populations, while only less massive GCs in Group I (a group with higher 1G fraction) show that feature. Lastly, we investigate links between these two groups and host cluster parameters. We find that most GCs of Group II are distributed along a broader range of galactocentric distances with smaller perigalactic distances  <  3.5 kpc. Besides, by using the Gaia data, it is observed that Group II GCs have higher energy on the integrals of motion diagrams than Group I GCs.
The White Dwarf Pareto: Tracing Mass Loss in Binary Systems
Authors: Shahaf Sahar
Published: February 2025

The white dwarf mass distribution has been studied primarily at two extremes: objects that presumably evolved as single stars, and members of close binaries that likely underwent substantial interaction. This work considers the intermediate separation regime of  ∼1 au and demonstrates how binary interaction affects white dwarf masses. The binary mass ratio distribution is utilized for this purpose. Modeled as a truncated Pareto profile, this distribution provides insights into the populations’ properties and evolutionary history. When applied to homogeneous samples of binaries with giant primaries of similar age, the distribution’s shape constrains the fraction of white dwarf companions, the white dwarf mass distribution, and the properties of their progenitors. As a test case, this method is applied to a small spectroscopic sample of binaries in open clusters with red giant primaries and orbital periods between 0.5 and 20 yr. The analysis reveals that white dwarfs in these systems are  ∼20% less massive than their isolated counterparts, with a typical mass of  ∼0.55 M
⊙. Their progenitors likely lost 80%−85% of their mass, with binary interactions enhancing mass loss by an additional  ∼0.2 M
⊙. These findings highlight the utility of this approach for studying binary evolution and improving population models, particularly with future data sets from Gaia and other large-scale surveys.
The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES). II. Machine Learning–based Stellar Parameters for 21 Million Stars from the First Data Release
Authors: Gu Hongrui , Fan Zhou , Zhao Gang , Yang Huang , Beers Timothy C. , Wang Wei , Zheng Jie , Zhao Jingkun , Li Chun , Chen Yuqin , Yuan Haibo , Li Haining , Tan Kefeng , Song Yihan , Luo Ali , Song Nan , Liu Yujuan
Published: February 2025

Stellar parameters for large samples of stars play a crucial role in constraining the nature of stars and stellar populations in the Galaxy. An increasing number of medium-band photometric surveys are presently used in estimating stellar parameters. In this study, we present a machine learning approach to derive estimates of stellar parameters, including [Fe/H], log g, and T
eff, based on a combination of medium-band and broadband photometric observations. Our analysis employs data primarily sourced from the Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES), which aims to observe much of the Northern Hemisphere. We combine the uv-band data from SAGES DR1 with photometric and astrometric data from Gaia EDR3, and apply the random forest method to estimate stellar parameters for approximately 21 million stars. We are able to obtain precisions of 0.09 dex for [Fe/H], 0.12 dex for log g, and 70 K for T
eff. Furthermore, by incorporating Two Micron All Sky Survey and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer infrared photometric and Galaxy Evolution Explorer ultraviolet data, we are able to achieve even higher precision estimates for over 2.2 million stars. These results are applicable to both giant and dwarf stars. Building upon this mapping, we construct a foundational data set for research on metal-poor stars, the structure of the Milky Way, and beyond. With the forthcoming release of additional bands from SAGES such DDO51 and Hα, this versatile machine learning approach is poised to play an important role in upcoming surveys featuring expanded filter sets.
Cross-survey Image Transformation: Enhancing SDSS and DECaLS Images to Near-HSC Quality for Advanced Astronomical Analysis
Authors: Luo Zhijian , Zhang Shaohua , Chen Jianzhen , Chen Zhu , Fu Liping , Xiao Hubing , Du Wei , Shu Chenggang
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on transforming galaxy images between astronomical surveys, specifically enhancing images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS) to achieve quality comparable to the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey. We proposed a hybrid model called Pix2WGAN, which integrates the pix2pix framework with the Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty to convert low-quality observational images into high-quality counterparts. Our model successfully transformed DECaLS images into pseudo-HSC images, yielding impressive results and significantly enhancing the identification of complex structures, such as galaxy spiral arms and tidal tails, which may have been overlooked in the original DECaLS images. Moreover, Pix2WGAN effectively addresses issues like artifacts, noise, and blurriness in both source and target images. In addition to the basic Pix2WGAN model, we further developed an advanced architecture called Cascaded Pix2WGAN, which incorporates a multistage training mechanism designed to bridge the quality gap between SDSS and HSC images, demonstrating similarly promising outcomes. We systematically assessed the similarity between the model-generated pseudo-HSC images and actual HSC images using various metrics, including root mean squared error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and structural similarity index, along with perceptual metrics such as learned perceptual image patch similarity and Fréchet inception distance. The results indicate that images transformed by our model outperform both the original SDSS and DECaLS images across nearly all evaluation metrics. Our research is expected to provide significant technical support for astronomical data analysis, cross-survey image integration, and high-precision astrometry.
Spectuner: A Framework for Automated Line Identification of Interstellar Molecules
Authors: Qiu Yisheng , Zhang Tianwei , Möller Thomas , Jiang Xue-Jian , Song Zihao , Chen Huaxi , Quan Donghui
Published: February 2025

Interstellar molecules, which play an important role in astrochemistry, are identified using observed spectral lines. Despite the advent of spectral analysis tools in the past decade, the identification of spectral lines remains a tedious task that requires extensive manual intervention, preventing us from fully exploiting the vast amounts of data generated by large facilities such as the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. This study aims to address the aforementioned issue by developing a framework for automated line identification. We introduce a robust spectral fitting technique applicable to spectral line identification with minimal human supervision. Our method is assessed using published data from five line surveys of hot cores, including W51, Orion-KL, Sgr B2(M), and Sgr B2(N). By comparing the identified lines, our algorithm achieves an overall recall of ∼74%–93%, and an average precision of ∼78%–92%. Our code, named spectuner, is publicly available on GitHub.
A new species and two new records of the moss-feeding lace bug genus Acalypta (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Hokkaido, northern Japan, with an illustrated key to the Japanese species of the genus
Authors: Souma Jun
Published: February 2025

In this study, three species of the moss-feeding lace bug genus Acalypta Westwood, 1840 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae, Tinginae, Acalyptaini) are reported mainly in Hokkaido, northern Japan. The first is Acalypta alutaceasp. nov. that inhabits mosses growing on the floors of deciduous broad-leaved forests. The second is Acalypta carinata (Panzer, 1806) that mainly inhabits mosses growing on marshlands and is recorded from Japan for the first time. The third is Acalypta sauteri Drake, 1942 that is widely distributed in three of the four main islands of Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) and their surrounding islands, but is recorded from the remaining main island (Hokkaido) for the first time. The discovery of A. sauteri in Hokkaido also represents the northernmost record of this species. The following ten species of Acalypta are recognized in Japan: A. alutaceasp. nov., A. carinata, A. cooleyi Drake, 1917, A. gracilis (Fieber, 1844), A. hirashimai Takeya, 1962, A. marginata (Wolff, 1804), A. miyamotoi Takeya, 1962, A. pallidicoronata Souma, 2019, A. sauteri, and A. tsurugisana Tomokuni, 1972. An illustrated key for the identification of the ten species of this genus from Japan is also provided.
Genre et image : les fondements d’une dialectique
Authors: Gerbin Walter
Published: February 2025

Cet article propose un regard psychanalytique sur l’œuvre d’Elsa & Johanna, artistes photographes mettant en scène des récits dont elles sont les interprètes. À partir de leurs tableaux, Walter Gerbin vient souligner la correspondance – ou l’impossible rapport – entre l’image du corps et la représentation du sujet pris dans le discours social tel qu’évoqué par Johanna. Cet article se donne pour but d’appréhender le genre à partir de la notion d’imaginaire afin de questionner au plus près notre « autre » du genre.
L’effort pour genrer la mort
Authors: Mendelsohn Sophie
Published: February 2025

En prenant appui sur le film de Lukas Dhont, Girl, sorti en 2018, je m’interroge dans cet article sur la place de la mort dans la construction de la transidentité. Le mythe de la lamelle proposé par Lacan me permet d’essayer de cerner quelle logique se trouve à l’œuvre dans cette construction, quelles que soient ensuite les manières de l’incarner, pour articuler le corps, le sexe et le genre, et la mort, produisant une position subjective aux coordonnées spécifiques.
Personalized Eicosapentaenoic Acid Therapy for Clinical Depression
Authors: Zailani Halliru , Mischoulon David , Dyall Simon C. , Pariante Carmine M. , Su Kuan-Pin
Published: February 2025

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading global cause of disability, and current antidepressant treatments remain inadequate for many patients. Emerging evidence highlights the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression, offering a novel therapeutic target. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) with potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects, shows promise as an adjunctive treatment for depression. This article examines the rationale behind EPA's antidepressant effects and explores the potential for personalized EPA therapy to enhance treatment outcomes. A daily dose of at least 1 g of pure EPA or an EPA/docosahexaenoic acid formulation with a ratio greater than 2:1 in favor of EPA is recommended alongside standard antidepressant therapy. Factors such as inflammatory status, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, endogenous n-3 PUFA status, and genetic polymorphisms, should be considered to optimize the therapeutic response. EPA's anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving, and neuroprotective properties make it a compelling option for personalized treatment strategies in MDD.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2025;55(2):e28–e33.]
Retrospective study of cultural biases and their reflections among Korean medical students: a cultural hybridity perspective
Authors: Park Kyung Hye , Lee Ki-Byung , Roh HyeRin
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Most of studies about racial or ethnic biases among medical students have been conducted in English-speaking developed countries. This study explores the hybridity and transformation of Korean medical students’ biases, arguing that a nation’s identity and culture are constantly in a state of ever-changing hybridity.Methods: This research used a qualitative document analysis. The study participants were 600 pre-clinical medical students at two medical colleges in Korea, who enrolled in anti-bias programs and subsequently submitted self-reflection essays. Data collection focused on biases related to race, ethnicity, nationality, and medical practices as doctors. Bhabha’s cultural hybridity concepts guided the coding of the data in order to explore the hybridity and transformation of the students’ biases.Results: The students presented cultural biases toward patients and doctors with ambivalence related to a person’s high socioeconomic status and open-mindedness, as well as doctors’ excellence and superiority as Korean authoritative figures. Since the students had ambivalent and complex biases toward patients and doctors, they felt unhomeliness as Korean doctors encountering international patients in Korean clinics. However, after discovering their contradictory assumptions, they transformed their unhomeliness into new hybrid identities. The students’ biases were rarely based on race but instead were based on nationality, specifically national class by national income.Conclusion: Understanding the changing hybrid nature of identities and culture from a cultural hybridity perspective could help clarify medical students’ complex and changing biases and improve anti-bias education. Korean medical students’ hybridized positions suggest that anti-bias education goes beyond focusing on prestige or racism.