bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRAPOD: A Transformer Architecture Exploits Intraoperative Temporal Dynamics Improving the Prediction of Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Giesa Niklas , Sekutowicz Maria , Rubarth Kerstin , Spies Claudia , Balzer Felix , Haufe Stefan , Boie Sebastian Daniel
Published: May 2024

Motivation. Patients who experienced postoperative delirium (POD) are at higher risk of poor outcomes like dementia or death. Previous machine learning (ML) models predicting POD mostly relied on time-aggregated features.
Objective. We assessed the potential of temporal patterns in clinical parameters during surgeries to predict POD.
Methods. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and transformer models, directly consuming time series, were compared to multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) trained on time-aggregated features. We also fitted hybrid models, fusing either LSTM or transformer models with MLPs. Univariate Spearman’s rank correlations and linear mixed-effect models establish the importance of individual features that we compared to transformers’ attention weights.
Results. Best performance was achieved by a transformer architecture ingesting 30 minutes of intraoperative parameter sequences. Systolic invasive blood pressure and given opioids marked the most important input variables, in line with univariate feature importances.
Conclusion. Intraoperative temporal dynamics of clinical parameters, exploited by a tailored transformer architecture named TRAPOD, are critical for the accurate prediction of POD.
Salivary Metabolomics for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using a Rapid Thin-Film Micro-Extraction Method
Authors: Pelit Fusun , Erbas Ilknur , Ozupek Nazli Mert , Gul Merve , Sakrak Esra , Ocakoglu Kasim , Pelit Levent , Ozdemir Durmus , Goksel Tuncay , Basbinar Yasemin , Goksel Ozlem
Published: May 2024

In recent years, numerous metabolomics experiments on lung cancer have not only identified novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, but also investigated the altered metabolic pathways to enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis. Thin-film microextraction (TFME) is a non-invasive, cost-effective, and selective analytical technique for the rapid identification of metabolite biomarkers in clinical samples and has significant potential to be used in this field. This study aimed to investigate the role of targeted salivary metabolomics as a diagnostic tool for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a TFME-based method applied to the saliva. A total of 40 NSCLC patients comprised the study group, along with 38 healthy controls. TFME blades modified with SiO2 nanoparticles and produced by a custom-made coating system. Validation of the metabolite biomarker analysis were performed by these blades using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The extraction efficiencies of SiO2 nanoparticle/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite coated blades were compared for 18 metabolites. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the analysis conditions. The efficacy of metabolites for diagnosis was determined by in silico methods and the results revealed that phenylalanine and purine metabolism metabolites (i.e. hypoxanthine) are of great importance, while ROC curve data revealed that proline, hypoxanthine, and phenylalanine were potential biomarkers for NSCLC diagnosis.
A Comparative Analysis of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption Patterns Underlying Hypertension Prevalence Across Indian Women: Evidence from NFHS-5
Authors: Yadav Shanvi , Siddiqui Aamir
Published: May 2024

Background
The rise of hypertension among women aged 15–49 in India poses a significant public health challenge. To gain a better understanding of this issue, this study explores the prevalence of hypertension and its potential correlation with tobacco and alcohol use among women in the reproductive age group. By utilizing data from India's National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5), the study aims to test the hypothesis that there is a link between hypertension and alcohol and tobacco consumption.
Methodology:
This study employs a descriptive approach and utilizes a stratified two-stage sample from NFHS 5 rural and urban, with a total of 724,115 women included in the analysis. Using binomial logistic regression, was used to examine the association between hypertension and individual, household, and behavioral factors.
Results
Overall, 4.6% of women are affected by hypertension. The study also revealed that 6.2%, 1.9%, and 7.7% of women respectively, reported using tobacco, alcohol, and both substances simultaneously. Further analysis showed that those who used tobacco (4.9%) and alcohol (6.0%) had a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to non-users (4.6%). The highest occurrence of hypertension was observed among those who used both substances (5.1%). This aligns with the results of adjusted logistic regression, which confirmed that tobacco use (OR 1.073), alcohol use (OR 1.325), and dual-use (OR 1.129) were all significantly linked to a higher likelihood of developing hypertension.
Conclusion
In India, there is a concerning link between hypertension and the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, particularly when used together, among young women. This highlights the need for immediate and widespread action to reduce the uptake of these substances. Policies that limit the advertising and availability of tobacco and alcohol should be implemented, alongside educational initiatives that address the dangers of hypertension. Additionally, improving access to health services for screening and treatment is crucial in addressing this issue.
Cilostazol Alleviates Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Attenuating Microcirculatory Dysfunction
Authors: Naraoka Masato , Shimamura Norihito , Ohkuma Hiroki
Published: May 2024

Cilostazol, which exerts its antiplatelet effect by inhibiting anti-PDE3, could have a therapeutic effect on delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the mechanism by which cilostazol alleviates DCI has not been established. We hypothesized that cilostazol alleviates DCI by diminishing cerebral microcirculatory disturbances, a component of Early Brain Injury, by analyzing intracerebral circulation time (iCCT) among patients from two randomized controlled trials. Using data from 256 patients with aSAH, we measured the iCCT was described as the TTP in the ultra-early phase (the baseline iCCT) and the TTP in the subacute phase and/or at the onset of DCI (the follow-up iCCT). In addition, the difference in the iCCT was calculated by subtracting the baseline iCCT from the follow-up iCCT (iCCT differences). In the two RCTs, 74 patients received cilostazol, 54 received pitavastatin, and 128 were controls. We examined the effect of cilostazol and pitavastatin treatment on cerebral microcirculatory disturbances using iCCT as an index. A minority of patients (n = 72; 28%) had severe aVS, DCI (n = 42; 16%), and poor outcomes (n = 35; 14%). The cilostazol arm showed shorter follow-up iCCT and expanded iCCT differences suggesting improved microcirculatory dysfunction among those with DCI and among patients with poor outcomes than those with pitavastatin and control arms. Cilostazol treatment and Hunt & Hess grade 3–4 were associated with poor patient outcomes. Alleviation of DCI and improvements in outcomes among patients with aSAH after cilostazol treatment may be due to diminished microcirculatory dysfunction.
The Landscape of Fusion Transcripts in Plants: A New Insight into Genome Complexity
Authors: Chitkara Pragya , Singh Ajeet , Gangwar Rashmi , Bhardwaj Rohan , Zahra Shafaque , Arora Simran , Hamid Fiza , Arya Ajay , Sahu Namrata , Chakraborty Srija , Ramesh Madhulika , Kumar Shailesh
Published: May 2024

Background
Fusion transcripts (FTs), generated by the fusion of genes at the DNA level or RNA-level splicing events significantly contribute to transcriptome diversity. FTs are usually considered unique features of neoplasia and serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for multiple cancers. The latest findings show the presence of FTs in normal human physiology. Several discreet reports mentioned the presence of fusion transcripts in planta, has important roles in stress responses, morphological alterations, or traits (e.g. seed size, etc.).
Results
In this study, we identified 169197 fusion transcripts in 2795 transcriptome datasets of Arabidopsis thaliana, Cicer arietinum, and Oryza sativa by using a combination of tools, and confirmed the translational activity of 150 fusion transcripts through proteomic datasets. Analysis of the FT junction sequences and their association with epigenetic factors, as revealed by ChIP-Seq datasets, demonstrated an organised process of fusion formation at the DNA level. We investigated the possible impact of three-dimensional chromatin conformation on intra-chromosomal fusion events by leveraging the Hi-C datasets with the incidence of fusion transcripts. We further utilised the long-read RNA-Seq datasets to validate the most reoccurring fusion transcripts in each plant species followed by further authentication through RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing.
Conclusions
Our findings suggests that a significant portion of fusion events may be attributed to alternative splicing during transcription, accounting for numerous fusion events without a proportional increase in the number of RNA pairs. Even non-nuclear DNA transcripts from mitochondria and chloroplasts can participate in intra- and inter-chromosomal fusion formation. Genes in close spatial proximity are more prone to undergoing fusion formation, especially in intra-chromosomal FTs. Most of the fusion transcripts may not undergo translation and served as long non-coding RNAs. Low validation rate of FTs in plants indicated that the fusions transcripts are expressed at very low levels, like in case of human. FTs often originate from parental genes involved in essential biological processes, suggesting their relevance across diverse tissues and stress conditions. This study presents a comprehensive repository of fusion transcripts, offering valuable insights into their roles in vital physiological processes and stress responses.
Physical Cognition in Altered Gravity: Link Between Sensorimotor and Cognitive Adaptability
Authors: Cheng Minxin , Han Danyang , Haq Maryam , Ossmy Ori
Published: May 2024

A remarkable aspect of human behaviour is the ability to respond quickly to changes in the environment. This behavioral adaptability—a hallmark of intelligence—is critical for survival and everyday function. However, the question remains open as to how the sensorimotor ability to adapt to physical environments is linked to cognitive ability to modify internal mental representations. Here, we used altered gravity to address this question. Twenty-five participants completed a virtual-reality task that required them to adapt their movements to non-terrestrial gravities and a computerised task in which they had to reason about physical outcomes under varied gravitational conditions. Participants' performance in these tasks was compared against their performance under normal terrestrial gravity to measure adaptability. Our findings reveal stable individual differences in adaptability across both sensorimotor and cognitive domains, with significant correlations between the two. Participants who adeptly adjusted their motor actions to the altered gravitational forces also demonstrated a superior ability to adapt their cognitive strategies under similar conditions. Our findings support the theory of embodied cognition, suggesting a profound linkage between physical interaction with the environment and cognitive processing capabilities. The study raises the possibility that sensorimotor adaptation may enhance abstract reasoning capabilities, or vice versa.
The clinical application of the maximum coagulation velocity parameter in APTT-based clot waveform analysis for different coagulation states
Authors: Liu Ting , Zhang Xue , Song Yuning , Xu Shenjian , Wang Yuebang , Hu Guangyin , Pei Bing , Bai Bing
Published: May 2024

The maximum coagulation velocity (|Min1|), a parameter of the clot waveform analysis (CWA) based on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), is the peak coagulation velocity of thrombin on fibrinogen. This comprehensive index reflects the effectiveness of patients' hemostatic response to injury. Our study aimed to investigate changes in |Min1| based on different coagulation states and compare them with the traditional coagulation index APTT. We examined the characteristics of |Min1| in 655 Chinese patients. Healthy patients from the check-up center were included as healthy controls (n = 79, including 34 women serving as a control group of non-pregnant women and 69 subjects serving as healthy controls of patients with hypercoagulability). The hypercoagulability groups were the thrombosis group (n = 50), fracture group (n = 43), trauma group (n = 36), infection group (n = 74), tumor group (n = 106), early pregnancy group (n = 135), late pregnancy group (n = 85), and a low coagulation group (n = 49) on long-term warfarin treatment with considerably above average international standard ratio (ISI) times. Our study revealed that |Min1| in each hypercoagulability group was significantly higher than in the corresponding control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, APTT in the infection and trauma groups did not show statistically significant differences compared to the control group (P > 0.05). The variation range of |Min1| in all hypercoagulability groups was considerably more extensive than that of APTT compared to the corresponding control group, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for |Min1| was substantially more significant than that for APTT, particularly in the infection and late pregnancy groups. Compared to the early pregnancy group, |Min1| in the late pregnancy group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). However, these two groups had no statistically significant difference in APTT (P > 0.05). In the low coagulation group, the hemostatic ability represented by |Min1| may not decline with the prolongation of APTT within a specific range, but further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Mendelian randomization analysis explores the causal relationship between cathepsins and osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Yifeng , Zhang Haoshaqiang , Xie Xinru , Wang Zhigang
Published: May 2024

Osteoarthritis, a primary etiology of joint dysfunction, entails a multifaceted pathogenesis. Cathepsins, cysteine proteases localized within lysosomes, exert pivotal roles across diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Although observational inquiries suggest an interrelation between cathepsins and osteoarthritis, the etiological nexus remains elusive. Employing Mendelian randomization analysis, this investigation endeavors to elucidate this causal nexus. Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a plausible augmentation in osteoarthritis risk concomitant with a decline in cathepsin S levels. Conversely, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis posits that osteoarthritis might precipitate a reduction in cathepsin L2 levels. Multivariable analysis, encompassing 9 proteases as covariates, demonstrates a potential collaborative effect between elevated cathepsin F levels and diminished cathepsin S levels, thereby accentuating osteoarthritis risk. In summation, cathepsin S emerges as a prospective biomarker for osteoarthritis, conferring implications for diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms targeting this ailment.
Making color display cool: An electrochemical self-cooled dynamic structural color device
Authors: Wang Boxiang , Jin Shenghao , Yi Fan , Yang Dong , Peng Yujie , Liu Mengqi , Zhao C. Y. , Xiao Ming
Published: May 2024

Electrochromic (EC) materials can dynamically manipulate transport of light and thermal radiation under the electric field, which are promising for applications such as smart windows and energy-saving display devices. The color switching mechanism in EC materials is mainly based on optical absorption, resulting in excessive solar thermal load when used outdoors. Although daytime radiative cooling (DRC) provides a possible solution for energy-efficient heat dissipation for these outdoor devices, it often leads to a white appearance incompatible with EC color displays. To address this challenge, we develop novel display devices that can simultaneously realize color switching and DRC, enabled by reconfigurable, high-quality optical nanocavities based on reversible metal electrodeposition. These devices can not only achieve sub-ambient cooling of 2.6 ~ 5.3 ℃ under direct sunlight but also exhibit multiplexed adaptive displays with diverse colors, high stability, and long cycle life. Based on worldwide building-level energy simulations, we show this novel display can potentially save electrical energy consumption of 0.8–23.1 kWh/m2 compared to conventional LED displays, providing a new paradigm of passively cooled dynamic color display.
Functional outcomes in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with three-dimensional images reconstructed based on computed tomography: A propensity score-matched comparative analysis.
Authors: Kobayashi Satoshi , Tsukino Keiji , Mutaguchi Jun , Tanegashima Tokiyoshi , Goto Shunsuke , Matsumoto Takashi , Shiota Masaki , Eto Masatoshi
Published: May 2024

Our objective was to investigate the long-term functional outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy combined with three-dimensional images, which were reconstructed using computed tomography images. The demographic, oncological, functional, and volumetric outcomes of 296 patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with and without three-dimensional images between 2013 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to adjust for potential baseline confounders. After matching, 71 patients were allocated to each group. A notable positive trend was observed with increased surgical experience in the three-dimensional robot-assisted partial nephrectomy group for WIT (p = 0.001), parenchymal preservation rate (p < 0.001), split renal function preservation rate on the operated kidney (p = 0.01), and eGFR preservation rate at 12 months (p = 0.021). In addition, functional outcomes (estimated glomerular filtration preservation rate (88.0 vs. 91.6%, P = 0.006), the number of patients with chronic kidney disease upgrading (26 vs. 13, P = 0.023), split renal function preservation rate (operated kidney: 84.9 vs. 88.5%, P = 0.015)) were significantly improved. The three-dimensional robot-assisted partial nephrectomy group was superior in terms of > 90% estimated glomerular filtration preservation (P = 0.010), chronic kidney disease upgrading free survival rates (P < 0.001), and volumetric outcomes (parenchyma volume preservation rate; 81.6 vs. 88.8%, P = 0.006). Three-dimensional images were positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration preservation (P = 0.023, odds ratio: 2.34) and prevention of upstaging chronic kidney disease (P = 0.013, odds ratio: 2.90). In this study, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy combined with three-dimensional images underscored the preservation of eGFR > 90% and the prevention of chronic kidney disease upgrading by improving the preservation rate of renal parenchyma and split renal function.
Rare Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: Ectopic Duodenal Varices
Authors: HMIMASS SABER , Borahma Mohamed , Kadiri Maryeme , Lagdali nawal , Chabib Fatima zahra , Ajana Fatima zahra
Published: May 2024

Portal hypertension leads to the development of esophageal and gastric varices, but rarely to the appearance of varices in other sites, known as ectopic varices. These varices are often responsible for Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhagic complications. Ectopic varices are defined as large portosystemic venous collaterals arising anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract outside the eso-cardial region. We reported a rare case of upper GI hemorrhage from ectopic duodenal varices.
Incidence, antimicrobial resistance and distribution of class 1 and class 2 integron gene cassette arrays in bacteria isolated from ornamental fishes cultured in three districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Hemamalini Nallaiah , Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran , Kathirvelpandian Ayyathurai , Deepak Agarwal , Suresh Eswaran
Published: May 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging problem in the aquaculture sector. Further, it connects livestock and human health through possible horizontal gene transfer. In the present study, 258 bacterial isolates were recovered from ornamental fish samples collected from fish farms in Chennai, Madurai and Tiruvarur districts of Tamil Nadu. 16S rRNA sequencing of the isolates revealed the presence of 86 different bacterial strains in the infected fish samples. The highest diversity index was observed in the Goldfish sample (1.99) collected from Tiruvarur, followed by Flower horn (1.98) sample from Chennai. All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and sulphafurazole. The highest resistance was recorded against oxytetracycline, followed by bacitracin, tetracycline and ampicillin. Some of the bacterial isolates exhibited resistance against the new-generation antibiotic, cefepime. Resistance to new generation antibiotics indicates the need for surveillance and monitoring programs to control the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture and develop new generation antibiotics. The highest MAR index was recorded in P. vulgaris(0.79) from Guppy (Tiruvarur). MAR index values, ≥ 0.20 exhibited by the bacterial strains isolated from different locations in Tamil Nadu indicate the abusive use of the antimicrobials. Class 1 and Class 2 integrons were detected in the genomic and plasmid DNA of 71 and 3 isolates, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that ornamental fish may act as the reservoir of MAR bacteria and threaten the human and animal health through dissemination ARGs via horizontal gene transfer.
The effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on Galectin-9 expression in decidual macrophages contributing to dysfunction of decidual NK cells during pregnancy
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Shuyan , Xu Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuzhu , Ren Liqin , Zhang Haixia , Li Zhidan , Liu Xianbing , Hu Xuemei , Ren Yushan
Published: May 2024

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection causes adverse pregnancy outcomes by affecting the expression of immunotolerant molecules in decidual immune cells. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is widely expressed in decidual macrophages (dMφ) and is crucial for maintaining normal pregnancy by interacting with the immunomodulatory protein Tim-3. However, the effects of T. gondii infection on Gal-9 expression levels in dMφ during pregnancy, as well as the impact of altered Gal-9 expression levels on the maternal-fetal tolerance function of dNK cells, are still unknown.
Methods: Pregnancy outcomes of T. gondii infected C57BL/6 and Lgals9-/- pregnant mice models were recorded. The pathological change was evaluated by HE staining. The expression of Gal-9 in T. gondii infected dMφ were examined using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Expressions of Gal-9, JNK, p-JNK, FOXO1 were detected by Western Blot. The binding of FOXO1 to the promoter of Lgals9 was determined by ChIP-PCR. Supernatants from control or infected dMφ was co-cultured with purified human dNK cells with or without recombinant human Gal-9 protein (rhGal-9) or neutralized antibody of Tim-3, the expression of ERK, p-ERK, CREB, p-CREB, T-bet, IL-10 and IFN-γ were assayed by Western Blot.
Results: T. gondii infection promoted JNK phosphorylation and increased FOXO1 expression in dMφ, resulting in reduction of Gal-9 due to the elevated binding of FOXO1 with Lgals9 promoter. Downregulation of Gal-9 enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK and inhibited phosphorylation of CREB and expression of IL-10, and promoted the expression of T-bet and IFN-γ. In mice model, knockout of Gal-9 aggravated adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by T. gondii infection during pregnancy.
Conclusions: T. gondii infection suppressed Gal-9 expression in dMφ by activating the JNK/FOXO1 signaling pathway, and reduction of Gal-9 resulted in dysfunction of dNK via Gal-9/Tim-3 interaction. This study provided new insights for the molecular mechanisms of the adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by T. gondii.
Analysis of a Prototype Multi-DetectorFast-Neutron Radiography Panel
Authors: Young Christian , Browning Chloe , Thurber Ryan , Smalley Matthew , Liesenfelt Michael , Hayward Jason , McFarlane Nicole , Cooper Michael , Preston Jeff
Published: May 2024

A multi-detector fast neutron radiography panel was built using the pre-vious work on scalable neutron radiography using the IDEAS ROSSPADreadout module. A new aluminum housing was built to accommodate a large number of detectors tiled together. Additional changes tostartup and processing code were made to operate the detector as onecohesive unit. Spatial resolution of the full panel using Cs-137 gammas was reported to be 0.42 line pairs per centimeter at 90% MTFand 2.09 line pairs per centimeter at 10% MTF. Three neutron radio-graphs generated using a Cf-252 fission neutron source were used todetermine the spatial resolution of the panel for neutrons. The experiments had 90% MTF values of 0.24, 0.3, and 0.27 line pairs percentimeter and 10% MTF values of 1.30, 1.46, and 1.40 line pairs percentimeter. An example neutron radiograph was also used to provethat the radiography panel can perform true neutron radiography.
Perinatal Factors and its Association with Cardiometabolic Profile in Schoolchildren
Authors: Mansour Kamila Mohammad Kamal , Tornquist Luciana , Pfeiffer Karin Allor , Paiva Dulciane Nunes , Reuter Cézane Priscila
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Developmental origins of health and disease suggests a link between the periconceptual, fetal, and early infant phases of life and the persistent development of metabolic disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the associations between perinatal variables and cardiometabolic profile in school-aged children and adolescents.
METHODS
Retrospective study that used cross-sectional data from a database of a larger study named “Schoolchildren’s health”. The study was carried out using a sample comprising children and adolescents, ranging from 6 to 17 years old from both genders. All participants were enrolled in private and public schools in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to children and parents, then anthropometric measurements of body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) were obtained followed by a cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) test. ​The association of perinatal variables with BMI, WC, BF%, and CRF was tested by multiple linear regression, using the “Enter” input method, being the unstandardized coefficient (B) and 95% confidence intervals of the associations were estimated. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was established as p < 0.05.
RESULTS
A total of 1.431 children and adolescents were evaluated, with 803 (56.1%) of them being females and white subjects (83%) with mean age of 11.48 ± 2.75 years. Associations between perinatal factors and anthropometric measurements were found birth weight (BW) and BMI (B:1.13; 95%CI:0.74;1.51), BW and WC (B:2.20; 95%CI:1.37;3.04), BW and BF% (B:1.84; 95%CI:0.83;2.84). Gestational age also had associations with BMI (B:1.00; 95%CI:0.25;1.74); WC (B:1.88; 95%CI:0.25;3.50) and CRF (B:-168.91; 95%CI:-299.53;-38.29). Complications during pregnancy and BMI (B:0.48; 95%CI:0.02;0.93) and cesarean birth and BMI (B:0.43; 95%CI:0.01;0.86).
CONCLUSIONS
Associations exist between perinatal factors and future cardiometabolic profile. It is imperative to establish and reinforce efforts geared towards enhancing the health literacy of both adolescent boys and girls, along with pregnant women.
Photoperiodic plasticity of pigment-dispersing factor immunoreactive fibers projecting toward prothoracicotropic hormone neurons in flesh fly Sarcophaga similis larvae
Authors: Ohe Yutaro , Hasebe Masaharu , Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Goto Shin G. , Shiga Sakiko
Published: May 2024

Larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga similis exhibit photoperiodic responses to control pupal diapause. Although the external coincidence model is applicable to S. similis photoperiodic responses, it remains unknown how circadian clock system integrates day-length information. To explore the mechanisms underlying the photoperiodic control of pupal diapause, we examined the neural circuitry involving circadian clock lateral neurons (LNs) and prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) neurons, the latter possibly controlling the ecdysteroid production. We also examined the photoperiodic effects on LN-fiber patterns in third-instar S. similis larvae. Immunohistochemistry showed that PERIOD and a neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) were co-localized in four cells per hemisphere, and we named these PDF-LNs of S. similis. Single-cell polymerase chain reaction of backfilled neurons from the ring gland showed that two pairs of pars lateralis neurons with contralateral axons (PL-c neurons) expressed ptth. Double labeling with immunohistochemistry and backfills revealed that PDF-immunoreactive varicose fibers projected in the proximity of fibers from PL-c neurons. However, pdf receptor was not but glutamate-gated chloride channel was expressed in most PL-c neurons. L-glutamate but not PDF acutely inhibited the spontaneous firing activity of PL-c neurons. The number of PDF-immunoreactive varicosities of PDF-LNs in the dorsal protocerebrum was significantly higher under short-day than that under long-day conditions in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that PDF-LNs, PTTH neurons, and glutamate signaling form a potential neural circuity for the photoperiodic control of pupal diapause and that photoperiod modifies the connectivity strength between PDF-LNs and their post- or pre-neurons in the circuitry.
Numerical simulation of deposition characteristics of microorganisms and particles mixed fouling in sewage heat exchange tube
Authors: Zhuang Zhaoyi , Zhao Jin , Zhang Caixia , Yin Haiyang
Published: May 2024

Sewage source heat pump technology is an innovative way of energy recovery. It can use the heat in all kinds of sewage to heat and cool buildings. This technology not only saves energy, but also has good economic benefits. At present, the main problem of this technology is the fouling problem. Microbial fouling and particle fouling are the main components of fouling in sewage heat exchangers. In this paper, the mixed dirt composed of microbial dirt and particulate dirt is taken as the research object. The deposition characteristics of mixed fouling in sewage were studied by numerical simulation. The mathematical model of mixed fouling deposition was established. The effects of various factors on mixed fouling deposition were simulated and analyzed by using the model. The results show that when the flow rate increases from u = 0.5m/s to u = 1.5m/s, the thermal resistance value of mixed dirt equilibrium in winter condition decreases from 27.97×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 to 9.82×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1, a decrease of 64.9%. At this time, the thermal resistance in summer condition is reduced from 36.41×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 to 11.15×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1, a decrease of 69.4%. The higher the inlet temperature, the higher the deposition rate of mixed dirt, and the shorter the time required for thermal resistance to reach equilibrium. However, the inlet temperature has little influence on the thermal resistance of mixed dirt. When the particle size of microbial particles increases from 0.1mm to 0.5mm, the thermal resistance value of mixed dirt when it reaches equilibrium in winter condition increases from 17.34×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 to 21.55×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1, increasing by 24.3%. At this time, the thermal resistance in summer condition increased from 18.94×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 to 23.49×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1, an increase of 24.0%. When the size of hard particles increases from 1µm to 40µm, the thermal resistance in winter conditions increases from 14.52×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 to 19.56×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1, an increase of 34.6%. At this time, the thermal resistance in summer condition increased from 16.68×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 to 20.91×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1, an increase of 25.4%. The thermal resistance of mixed dirt increased by 0.97×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 in winter condition and 1.06×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 in summer condition with an increase of 200 mg/L microbial particle concentration. The thermal resistance increases by 7.3×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 in winter and 8.1×10− 4 m2·K·W− 1 in summer for every 200 mg/L increase in hard particle concentration. The research results of this paper can provide scientific basis for the design of sewage heat transfer system and have important engineering application value.
Simvastatin and Lovastatin inhibit Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation by interfering with the aggregation and amyloid formation of the TasA(28-261) –TapA(33-253) complex.
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Bajia Mamta , Yadav Abhishek Kumar , Chaudhary Chhavi , Meena Dhankesh , Yaday Jay Kant , Shukla Jayendra Nath , Swaroop Shiv , Pandey Janmejay
Published: May 2024

Statins have been reported for diverse pleiotropic activities, including antimicrobial and antibiofilm. However, due to the limited understanding of their mode of action, none of the statins have gained approval for antimicrobial or antibiofilm applications. In a recent drug-repurposing study, we observed that two statins (i.e., Simvastatin and Lovastatin) interact stably with TasA(28-261), the principal extracellular matrix protein of Bacillus subtilis, leading to the inhibition of biofilm formation. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying the biofilm inhibition remained elusive. In the present study, we examined the impact of these statins on the physiological activity of TasA(28-261, specifically its interaction with TapA(33-253) and aggregation into the amyloid-like structure using purified recombinant TasA(28-261) and TapA(33-253) in amyloid detection specific in vitro assays (i.e., CR binding & ThT staining assays). Results revealed that both statins interfered with amyloid formation by TasA(28-261)-TapA(33-253) complex, while neither statin inhibited amyloid formation by lysozyme, a model amyloid-forming protein. Moreover, neither statin significantly altered the expressions of terminal regulatory genes (viz., sinR, sinI) and effector genes (viz., tasA, tapA, and bslA) involved in biofilm formation by B. subtilis. These findings divulge that Simvastatin and Lovastatin inhibit biofilm formation by B. subtilis by interfering with the aggregation and amyloid formation by TasA(28-261)–TapA(33-253). These results represent one of the first experimental evidences for the underlying mechanism of antibiofilm activity of statins and offer valuable directions for future research to harness statins as antibiofilm therapeutics.
Metachronous Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumour and Gastric Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Case Report with An Unusual Association
Authors: Parkhi Mayur , Sahu Saumya , Mete Uttam Kumar , Saikia Uma Nahar
Published: May 2024

Background
Second primary malignancies (SPMs), irrespective of location, are characterized by two or more distinct neoplasms in the same patient. Gastric marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MZL) shows a higher risk of developing a second primary malignancy and exhibits inferior overall survival.
Case Report and Discussion
We report a case of a 55-year-old male who presented with a painless, hard, right testicular mass, which progressively grew over 3 months. He was diagnosed with gastric MZL on biopsy 4 years back and was treated by CHOP regime; 6 cycles. At the time of testicular mass diagnosis, the contrast-enhancing computed tomography imaging revealed metastasis involving both lungs and retroperitoneal lymph nodes with inferior vena cava thrombus. He underwent right inguinal orchidectomy and showed histopathological features of the mixed germ cell tumour composed of seminomatous and non-seminomatous components (embryonal and yolk sac tumours). This morphology was confirmed using a wide panel of immunohistochemistry markers (OCT3/4, PLAP, c-KIT, CD30, AFP, Glypican 3, β-HCG, and EMA). He received 4 cycles of the BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) regime and was doing well at 13 months of follow-up.
Conclusion
The index case highlights an exceedingly rare association of gastric MZL with testicular mixed germ cell tumour with rare age presentation. Thus, surgeons, radiologists and pathologists should be aware of considering the differential of non-lymphoid malignancy at the distant site apart from the systemic spread of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This will help in deciding and providing the appropriate treatment to the patient on time.
Adrenal Gland Incidentalomas: Case reports
Authors: Rijhsinghani Archana N
Published: May 2024

Adrenal lesions are serendipitously discovered in upto 5% of cross-sectional examinations performed for other purposes and are hence labeled incidentalomas. Here is the presentation of two cases, one of which is myelolipoma, second common cause of adrenal tumor and other is a rare bronchogenic cyst.
Primary Liver Small Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Cholangiocarcinoma - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Hardas Gauri Vinod , Prasad Saurabh
Published: May 2024

Primary liver small cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. Our patient, 44 years old male presented with the symptoms of abdominal pain, decreased appetite & black colored watery stool since one month. On PET -CT he had multiple rounded lesions in liver which were thought to be cholangiocarcinoma initially. Biopsy & immunohistochemistry were performed & it was found to be small cell carcinoma. Patient was managed with chemotherapy. Being rare, it is necessary to do proper typing of such tumor so that patient gets benefited by specific treatment. Further, it also helps to know the prognosis.
Radiation Induced Osteosarcoma of the Larynx: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Thomas Smrithi Sara , Nair Vijayalakshmi , Kutti Sajna VM , KS Vijayagopal
Published: May 2024

Secondary malignancies caused by radiation, especially radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS), are perhaps the most severe late side effects of radiotherapy. The incidence of sarcomas after irradiation is estimated to be as high as 0.3% in those who have survived neck and head cancer for a long time. Nevertheless, it is also accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. RIS of the head and neck is not prevalent. As there are only a limited number of case reports, we report a case of radiation induced osteosarcoma from our institution.Case report: A 67 year old male patient, previously treated for squamous cell carcinoma larynx with radiotherapy 60 gy, presented to our institution with complaints of hoarseness of voice. CT Neck showed an ill-defined heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion in the larynx with extra laryngeal extension and causing erosion of the thyroid cartilage. He was subsequently taken for total laryngectomy. Histopathological examination showed a high-grade malignant neoplasm. Further IHC revealed tumor cells diffusely positive for SATB2 and negative for PanCK, p63 and p40. He was diagnosed with high grade osteosarcoma and was taken up for adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion: As there are only limited case reports, more number of cases should be reported for further discussion about the adjunctive treatment options and prognosis.
A NEW PARADIGM OF DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP, DIGNIFIED JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia., Prasetyo Teguh , Yenny Susanty Mamangkey Jesica ,   Faculty of Law, Universitas Kadiri, Kediri, Indonesia., Tsan Riki ,   Military Law School, East Jakarta, Indonesia.
Published: May 2024

The relationship between doctor and patients is highly personal, based on the patients trust in the doctor. However, , it is not uncommon for this doctor-patient relationship to give rise to conflicts, disputes, and even legal claims and demands against doctors. Throughout history, the doctor-patient relationship has evolved through three models: thethe Activity-Passivity Relation, Guidance-Cooperation, and Mutual Participation. From the perspective of Dignified Justice, both the Activity-Passivity (Paternalistic) and Guidance-Cooperation models are not aligned with the Principles of Equality, the Principle of Balance between Rights and Responsibilities. They are contrary to the goal of humanizing individuals (ngewongkewong). The model of Mutual Participation is considered the optimal phase of the relationship, where doctors and patients are on an equal footing and bound by the principles of contract law, known as the Therapeutic Contract. However, this model falls short of the Principles of Moral Justice, the Principles of Spiritual Justice, and the fundamental principles of Dignified Justice that elevate intellect, creativity, and empathy as the highest drivers of the doctor-patient. We propose a new paradigm for this relationship, emphasizing humanity, justice, respect for moral and ethical norms, a familial bond, virtue, and spirituality. This model embodies the Dignified Justice of a Relationship.
EFFECT OF COMPUTER SIMULATION ON LEARNING OUTCOMES IN RELATION TO SELF-EFFICACY
Authors:   Associate Professor. Govt. College of Education, Sec-20, Chandigarh., Bansal Punam , Ravash Shefali ,   Research Scholar, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of using computer simulation on students Learning outcomes in relation to self-efficacy. A sample of 120 students classified into two groupsâ€“experimental (60) and control (60)â€“from two senior secondary schools in Jalandhar city was the subject of a pre-test and post-test evaluation. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the Students t-test and ANOVA were used to compare and analyze the test results given to the control and experimental groups of students. The findings imply that, in comparison to the control group, the experimental group had the best post-test performance. However, self-efficacy does not play a major role in explaining the observed variations in gain scores for science learning outcomes. In this regard, the study suggested that simulation software should be used and practiced to improve and increase scientific students learning results.
PERIO - PROSTHO: ENHANCING AESTHETICS FOR PATIENTS WITH ALTERED PASSIVE ERUPTION/GUMMY SMILE USING CAD/CAM TECHNOLOGY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: El Yaagoubi Soraya , El Yamani Amal
Published: May 2024

Periodontics and prosthodontics play crucial roles in enhancing the aesthetics of patients with altered passive eruption, commonly known as a gummy smile.Altered passive eruption refers to a condition where excessive gum tissue covers a significant portion of the teeth, resulting in a less aesthetic smile.The treatment approach for altered passive eruption typically involves a combination of periodontal procedures and prosthodontic interventions. One common technique is crown lengtheningoften followed by prosthodontic treatments to restore the function and aesthetics of the teeth.This work will mainly focus on the management of altered passive eruption in aesthetic anterior prosthodontic rehabilitations with the goal of improving the prosthetic and Aestheticoutcome through clinical case.
EMBARKING ON THE DIGITAL LEARNING JOURNEY: EMPOWERING STUDENTS IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL EPOCH
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Visual Communication and Electronic Media, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu., Panbuselvan P.
Published: May 2024

Digital education has become a revolutionary force, reshaping traditional learning models with its core tenets of accessibility, flexibility, and interactivity. Initially conceived as an experimental venture in online learning, it has now emerged as a fundamental influence in global education. By utilizing online platforms, multimedia resources, and interactive tools, digital education caters to a wide range of learning preferences and styles, facilitating dynamic and personalized learning journeys. Its distinguishing feature lies in overcoming the limitations of time and place, enabling learners to access educational content whenever and wherever they are. Furthermore, digital education has democratized access to learning, offering individuals from various backgrounds opportunities for lifelong learning and skill development, irrespective of their location or personal situations. This paper explores the evolution, impact, benefits, and challenges of digital education, highlighting its role in democratizing access to learning, fostering lifelong learning opportunities, and addressing the complexities of implementation amidst technological advancements and educational needs.
EVALUATED EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND INTEGRATION STRATEGIES: NEP 2020
Authors:   Department of Punjabi, Government College Karamsar, Rara Sahib, Ludhiana Punjab, India., Kaur Gagandeep
Published: May 2024

The Technology has become a necessary part of the education system in the recent past, the National Education Policy 2020 has aptly recognized the importance of technology in education and brought the Digital India Campaign into the education domain as well. Technology integration in education has become a key factor in educational reform across the globe. The new educational policy of 2020 in the Indian context is a ground-breaking plan that anticipates a thorough change of the educational landscape with technology at its core. The National Education Policy 2020 acknowledges the numerous benefits of incorporating technology into education, while also recognizing the potential risks and challenges associated with it. The NEP 2020 mandates that technological infrastructure be constantly upgraded and set up across India. It is also cognizant of the requirement to grow digital skills, especially among teachers and educators, and the need for ensuring technological and online safety. This article aims to provide to comprehensive analysis of how technology can be effectively leveraged in education, addressing obstacles, and expanding the reach of existing digital platforms and ICT-based educational programs to ensure inclusive and high quality education for all. The Human spirit must prevail over Technology------Albert Einstein
GROVERS DISEASE: ANALYSIS OF A CASE EXHIBITING SIMILARITIES WITH PEMPHIGUS
Authors: Rahmani N. , Jouari O.El , Gallouj S.
Published: May 2024

Grovers disease, also known as benign acantholytic dermatosis or acantholytic dyskeratosis, is a rare dermatosis characterized by a pruritic skin rash on the trunk, arms, and legs. Although the exacr pathogenesis of this disease remains unknown, certain factors such as heat, excessive sweating, sun exposure, and systemic diseases have been implicated in its onset however, it is generally considered to be an inflammatory reaction. Histology of the sample revealed suprabasal acantholysis, which manifested as clefts rather than true blisters, with mild dyskeratosis. These characteristics raised diagnostic uncertainty between Grovers disease and pemphigus vulgaris. However , testing for autoantibodies against intercellular spaces returned negative, confirming the diagnosis of Grovers disease. Due to the possibility of spantaneous regression , treatment options are limited. For cases of moderate and temporary nature, local corticosteroid therapy alone is often sufficient.