bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of circadian clock and light on melatonin concentration in Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s Wort)
Authors: Chung Ming-Hsiu , Deng Tzu-Shing
Published: September 2020

Background

Melatonin acts as a signaling hormone and entraining agent in many organisms. We studied the spatiotemporal regulation and influence of light (photoperiods, intensities, and spectral qualities) on melatonin concentration in the medicinal herbHypericum perforatumL. Furthermore, melatonin concentrations in the leaves of eight species of theHypericumgenus were compared and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Melatonin concentration was found to be the highest in its flowers and leaves. The leaves exhibited a rhythmic variation in melatonin concentration of approximately 24 h under both light–dark entrained (Zeitgeber time) and constant light [circadian time (CT)] conditions, with melatonin concentration peaking at approximately CT6 in the middle of the subjective day. Melatonin concentration was influenced significantly by not only photoperiods but also applied light’s wavelength and intensity. It was approximately six times higher under long-day conditions (18-h light:6-h dark) than under short-day photoperiods (10-h light:14-h dark) and was the highest (131 μg/g fresh weight [FW]) under treatment with blue light at an intensity of 45 µmol·m2/s of photons. The melatonin concentration of the two examinedHypericum spp., namelyH. kouytchenseLev. andH. corisL., were approximately twice that ofH. perforatumL.

Conclusion

Our findings provide first insights on melatonin-related functions and mechanisms in the circadian system ofH. perforatumand useful resources for further melatonin-oriented research and possible applications in agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.
Double-gate thin film transistor with suspended-gate applicable to tactile force sensor
Authors: Nguyen An Hoang-Thuy , Nguyen Manh-Cuong , Cho Seongyong , Nguyen Anh-Duy , Kim Hyewon , Seok Yeongcheol , Yoon Jiyeon , Choi Rino
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a straightforward, low-cost, and effective integration process for the fabrication of membrane gate thin film transistors (TFTs) with an air gap. The membrane gate TFT with an air gap can be used as the highly sensitive tactile force sensor. The suspended membrane gate with an air gap as the insulator layer is formed by multiple photolithography steps and photoresist sacrificial layers. The viscosity of the photoresist and the spin speed was used to modify the thickness of the air gap during the coating process. The tactile force was measured by monitoring the drain current of the TFT as the force changed the thickness of the air gap. The sensitivity of the devices was enhanced by an optimal gate size and low Young’s modulus of the gate material. This simple process has the potential for the production of small, versatile, and highly sensitive sensors.
Exploring differences in primary students’ geometry learning outcomes in two technology-enhanced environments: dynamic geometry and 3D printing
Authors: Ng Oi-Lam , Shi Lian , Ting Fridolin
Published: September 2020

Background

This paper compares the effects of two classroom-based technology-enhanced teaching interventions, conducted in two schools in sixth (age 11–12) grade. In one school, the intervention involves the use of a class set of 3D Printing Pens, and in another school the use of dynamic geometry environments, for inquiry-based learning of the relations among the number of vertices, edges, and faces of prisms and pyramids. An instrument was designed as guided by the van Hiele model of geometric thinking and administered to the two groups in the form of pretests, posttests, and delayed posttests to assess students’ prior knowledge before the intervention started, the learning outcomes obtained immediately after intervention, and the retention of knowledge after the interventions had been completed for a sustained period of time. The purpose of this study is to explore differences in geometry learning outcomes in two technology-enhanced environments, one that involves dynamic, visual representations of geometry and another that involves embodied actions of constructing physical 3D solids.

Results

The results show that students using dynamic geometry improved at a higher rate than those using 3D Pens. On the other hand, students with the aid of 3D Pens demonstrated better retention of the properties of 3D solids than their dynamic geometry counterparts. Namely, the posttest results show that the dynamic geometry environment (DGE) group generally outperformed the 3D Pen group across categories. The observed outperformance by the DGE group on “advanced” implies that the DGE technology had a stronger effect on higher levels of geometric learning. However, the results from the ANCOVA suggest that the retention effect was more significant with 3D Pens.

Conclusions

This study has established evidence that the DGE instructions produced strong but relatively temporary geometry learning outcomes, while 3D Pen instructions can help solidify that knowledge. The results of this study further shed light on the effect of visual and sensory-motor experiences on school mathematics learning and corroborate previous work showing that the effects of gesture are particularly good at promoting long-lasting learning.
Feasibility of the PalliSupport care pathway: results from a mixed-method study in acutely hospitalized older patients at the end of life
Authors: Flierman Isabelle , van Rijn Marjon , de Meij Marike , Poels Marjolein , Niezink Dorende M. , Willems Dick L. , Buurman Bianca M.
Published: September 2020

Background

A transitional care pathway (TCP) could improve care for older patients in the last months of life. However, barriers exist such as unidentified palliative care needs and suboptimal collaboration between care settings. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of a TCP, named PalliSupport, for older patients at the end of life, prior to a stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial.

Methods

A mixed-method feasibility study was conducted at one hospital with affiliated primary care. Patients were ≥ 60 years and acutely hospitalized. The intervention consisted of (1) training on early identification of the palliative phase and end of life conversations, (2) involvement of a transitional palliative care team during admission and post-discharge and (3) intensified collaboration between care settings. Outcomes were feasibility of recruitment, data collection, patient burden and protocol adherence. Experiences of 14 professionals were assessed through qualitative interviews.

Results

Only 16% of anticipated participants were included which resulted in difficulty assessing other feasibility criteria. The qualitative analysis identified misunderstandings about palliative care, uncertainty about professionals’ roles and difficulties in initiating end of life conversations as barriers. The training program was well received and professionals found the intensified collaboration beneficial for patient care. The patients that participated experienced low burden and data collection on primary outcomes and protocol adherence seems feasible.

Discussion

This study highlights the importance of performing a feasibility study prior to embarking on effectiveness studies. Moving forward, the PalliSupport care pathway will be adjusted to incorporate a more active recruitment approach, additional training on identification and palliative care, and further improvement on data collection.
Sexual satisfaction among italian university students
Authors: Terzera Laura , Rimoldi Stefania Maria Lorenza , Barbiano di Belgiojoso Elisa
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the determinants of sexual satisfaction among Italian young men and women at the beginning of their adulthood, taking into account the different stages of sentimental and sexual transitions. We based the analyses on the data collected in 2017 by the SELFY Survey on a sample of 7842 university students in Italy. Results of the logistic regression models highlight that, above all, sexual satisfaction is positively associated with the frequency of intercourse within a stable and exclusive relationship. Furthermore, results highlight the essential role of all transitions, sexual and sentimental, in enhancing sexual satisfaction, both in a positive and negative direction. Religion has a positive effect too, but only among students who have not yet had intercourse, expressing a protective effect of the adherence to beliefs. Significant differences between young men and women emerged mainly concerning performance, other conditions being equal.
Global health landscape challenges triggered by COVID-19
Authors: Nakatani Hiroki , Katsuno Kei , Urabe Hayato
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of every aspect of the globalized world, including R&D. Potentially critical R&D areas have been neglected because of the lack of market-driven incentives. However, new initiatives are emerging to address the present crisis of COVID-19 and possibly future similar incidents that will threaten humanity. In this paper, the global health landscape of R&D is discussed in terms of research focus and funding, illustrating under-funding in communicable diseases with the exception of three major infections: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. The initiatives triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and the novel emphasis on “access” are discussed. Finally, the authors propose a new funding model to address R&D in the case of market failure, by forming alliance between government, industry, and international philanthropic organization (GHIT model), and define clear strategy of enhancing access as the way forward.
Distribution of different morphological types of anterior epitympanic plate “cog” and Köerner’s septum in CT images of cholesteatomatous and non-cholesteatomatous CSOM: is it really significant?
Authors: Eissa Lamya , Mahmoud Walaa
Published: September 2020

Background

The anterior epitympanic plate (cog) and Köerner’s septum are gaining more importance since the introduction of transcanal mastoidectomy as these anatomical structures are serving landmarks for the attic. Moreover, different morphological types of cog and Köerner’s septum revealed embryological relation to the development of the isthmic membrane; the latter is linked to aeration of the attic and thus affects the pathological development of the cholesteatoma.

Results

A retrospective review of CT images of 86 patients proved by surgical biopsies revealed: 49 cholesteatomas and 37 non-cholesteatomatous CSOM. The type-I “cog” had a higher incidence (n = 40) and was statistically more prevalent in non-cholesteatomatous CSOM (n = 30, 81.1%). Type-II was the second commonest and was statistically more prevalent in cholesteatomatous CSOM (n = 22, 44.9%). Type-III was the third commonest, seen in (n = 18, 20.9%) and was statistically more prevalent in cholesteatomatous CSOM (n = 17, 34.7%). Köerner’s septum was more prevalent in non-cholesteatomatous CSOM (70.3%) with statistical significance (p value = 0.002).

Conclusions

The difference in the distribution of different morphological types of anterior epitympanic plate “cog,” as well as the difference in Köerner’s septum existence amongst cholesteatomatous and non-cholesteatomatous CSOM are suggested as risk factors for the development of cholesteatoma and may predict a cholesteatoma on CT images.
Stent patency and outcome of TIPS through the left versus the right portal branches
Authors: Alwarraky Mohamed S. , Elzohary Hasan A. , Melegy Mohamed A. , Mohamed Anwar
Published: September 2020

Background

Our purpose is to compare the stent patency and clinical outcome of trans-jugular intra-hepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) through the left branch portal vein (TIPS-LPV) to the standard TIPS through the right branch (TIPS-RPV). We retrospectively reviewed all patients (n = 54) with refractory portal hypertension who were subjected to TIPS-LPV at our institute (TIPS-LPV) between 2016 and 2018. These patients were matched with 56 control patients treated with the standard TIPS-RPV (TIPS-RPV). The 2 groups were compared regarding the stent patency rate, encephalopathy, and re-interventions for 1 year after the procedure.

Results

TIPS-LPV group showed 12 months higher patency rate (90.7% compared to 73.2%) (P < 0.005). The number of the encephalopathy attacks in the TIPS-LPV group was significantly lower than that of the TIPS-RPV group at 6 and 12 months of follow-up [P = 0.012 and 0.036, respectively]. Re-bleeding and improvement of ascites were the same in the two groups [P > 0.05]. Patients underwent TIPS-LPV needed less re-interventions and required less hospitalizations than those with TIPS-RPV [P = 0.039 and P = 0.03, respectively].

Conclusion

The new TIPS approach is to extend the stent to LPV. This new TIPS-LPV approach showed the same clinical efficiency as the standard TIPS-RPV in treating variceal bleeding and ascites. However, it proved a better stent patency with lower rates of re-interventions, encephalopathy, and hospital admissions than TIPS through the right branch.
A novel hydraulic fracturing gel realization for unconventional reservoirs
Authors: Murthy R. V. V. Ramana , Chavali Murthy
Published: September 2020

Coal bed methane reservoirs possess low to ultra-low permeability. In order to improve the production from CBM wells, stimulation techniques were deployed.

Background

This article reviews the most cost-effective, time-saving, and eco-friendly fracturing fluid which is a mix of water, guar gum, and sodium acetate. This article also provides a detailed study of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs.

Results

Unlike using diesel, biodiesel we have prepared a cost-effective frac-fluid which is not having any smoke point which depicts it as eco-friendly fluid. In this method there is no requirement of anti-settling agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers. Gel breakers are more efficient to break the linear gel.

Conclusion

The breakers inorganic compound ammonium persulfate and hemicellulose liquid. A reaction takes place on linear gel as it breaks slowly at down hole static temperature at 50 °C and 65 °C. So, experimental studies also prove this method is applicable for unconventional reservoir operations.
Supine versus prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Birowo Ponco , Tendi William , Widyahening Indah S. , Rasyid Nur , Atmoko Widi
Published: September 2020

Background: The decision for using supine or prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is still debatable. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of the supine and prone position when performing PCNL.

Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed using the database from MEDLINE, Cochrane library and Google Scholar from January 2009 to November 2019. The outcomes assessed were stone free rate, major complication rate, length of hospital stay and mean operation time.

Results: A total of 11 articles were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis. The efficacy of PCNL in supine position as determined by stone free rate is significantly lower than in prone position (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.66 – 0.83; p<0.00001), However, major complication rate is also lower in the supine group compared with the prone group (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51 – 0.96; p=0.03). There is no statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay and mean operation time between both groups.

Conclusion: Prone position leads to a higher stone free rate, but also a higher rate of major complication. Thus, the decision of using which position during PCNL should be based on the surgeon’s experience and clinical aspects of the patients.
Perspective Directions of Logistics Activities Development of Long-Distance Railway Carriers
Authors: Procenko I. , Agafonov D.
Published: September 2020

Long-distance passenger rail transportation is a socially significant sector of the transport industry. The mobility of the population in the Russian Federation depends on the effective activities of transport carriers in this segment. However, every year in the system of state antitrust regulation, we can see the growing inefficiency of managerial decisions made in relation to the formed rules of the regulatory environment. This article presents an analysis of how the existing crisis in the economy caused by the spread of coronavirus infection affected the results of long-distance railway carriers activities. Given the predicted reduction in government support and economic activity, the authors conclude that it is necessary to increase the role of logistics in the financial and economic activities of transport carriers as one of the drivers for optimizing the financial condition of enterprises in the sector.
Pesquisa e intervenção psicológica no Programa Antártico Brasileiro: Perspectivas metodológicas
Authors: Barros Delben Paola , Moraes Cruz Roberto , Cardoso de Melo Gabriel , De Wit Paulus
Published: September 2020

Ambientes Isolados, Confinados e Extremos são laboratórios naturais para estudos sobre o comportamento e, a Antártica, uma das regiões do mundo mais desafiadoras à psicofisiologia e à manutenção da vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os desafios e perspectivas da pesquisa e intervenção psicológica no ambiente antártico. O metodo deste estudo foi de tipo descritivo- exploratório e etnográfico com base em: (a) evidências da literatura acerca da pesquisa e intervenção psicológica na Antártica e (b) um estudo empírico, de natureza qualitativa, acerca da interação dos expedicionários (civis e militares) com o ambiente antártico, por meio de observações, entrevistas e acolhimentos, no início e ao final de uma missão de verão à Antártica. Os resultados indicaram que os principais desafios da pesquisa e intervenção na Antártica compreendem as limitações do setting e imprevisibilidade do contexto. Foi identificado que a exposição ao ambiente antártico influencia no surgimento de conflitos interpessoais, consumo de álcool, comportamentos de assédio e sentimentos negativos de afeto. Para concluira inserção de psicólogos na Antártica mostra-se um horizonte concreto de pesquisa e intervenção, tendo em vista as repercussões na saúde e no desempenho profissional de expedicionários.
Home-based exercise during confinement in COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in adults: a cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Solon Júnior Luiz José Frota , Fortes Leonardo de Sousa , Barbosa Bruno Teixeira , Feitosa Júnior José Valdir Alves , Ribeiro Carlos Henrique Tomaz , Silva Neto Luiz Vieira da
Published: September 2020

This study compared the quality of life, sleep quality, eating attitudes, and psychological aspects among adults (22.93 ± 2.58 years), whether physically inactive or not, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were enrolled into: home-based exercise during the confinement (HBE group, n = 34), physically inactive during (PIDC group, n = 28), and before the confinement (PIBC group, n = 27). The depression, anxiety, and stress scale - Short Form, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, the Eating Attitudes Test, and the quality of life questionnaire were used to assess variables. The covariance analysis (covariable - gender) was used to compare variables among the groups. The effect size was calculated by Cohen "d" (ESd). The HBE group presented a better quality of life compared to both PIDC (p = 0.002, ESd = 1.26) and PIBC (p = 0.008, ESd = 1.00) groups. Anxiety (p = 0.004, ESd = 0.96), depression (p = 0.02, ESd = 0.65) and stress (p = 0.02, ESd = 0.72) were significantly higher in the PIDC group when compared to HBE group. Self-reported sleep quality was better in the HBE group than in both other groups (p < 0.05). No group presented eating disorder symptoms; however, the HBE group has shown higher scores compared to both PIBC group (p = 0.01). In conclusion, adults who had exercised at home during the COVID-19 pandemic presented better quality of life, self-reported sleep quality, and reduced anxiety, depression, and stress levels than those physically inactive ones before and during the pandemic.
Financial Incentives Dampen Altruism in Online Prosocial Contributions: A Study of Online Reviews
Authors: Qiao Dandan , Lee Shun-Yang , Whinston Andrew B. , Wei Qiang
Published: September 2020

This paper uses a large Amazon review data set to examine the impact of financial incentives on prosocial contributions. The econometric analyses demonstrate a significant spillover effect, where product reviewers, after experiencing the receipt of financial incentives, tend to produce more positive but lower-quality unincentivized reviews subsequently. Theoretically, this paper advances our understanding of the interplay between financial incentives and prosocial behaviors through the lens of self-determination theory. Practically, this study provides insights into the design of online prosocial communities. Managers should not be enticed solely by an immediate increase in contribution quantity because the increased contribution volume might come at the cost of decreased quality in future unincentivized contributions. If platforms decide to provide financial incentives, they should target only altruistic contributors and limit the amount of incentives that an individual can receive. These findings provide important managerial implications for platforms hoping to motivate users’ prosocial contributions.
Expediting in Two-Echelon Spare Parts Inventory Systems
Authors: Drent Melvin , Arts Joachim
Published: September 2020

Problem definition: We consider dual sourcing in a distribution network for spare parts consisting of one central warehouse and multiple local warehouses. Each warehouse keeps multiple types of repairable parts to maintain several types of capital goods. The repair shop at the central warehouse has two repair options for each repairable part: a regular repair option and an expedited repair option. Irrespective of the repair option, each repairable part uses a certain resource for its repair. In the design of these inventory systems, companies need to decide on stocking levels and expedite thresholds such that total stock investments are minimized while satisfying asset availability and expediting constraints. Academic/practical relevance: Although most companies have the possibility to expedite the repair of parts in short supply, no contributions have been made that incorporate such dynamic expediting policies in repairable investment decisions. Anticipating expediting decisions that will be made later leads to substantial reductions in repairable investments. Methodology: We use queueing theory to determine the performance of the central warehouse and subsequently find the performance of all local warehouses using binomial disaggregation. For the optimization problem, we develop a greedy heuristic and a decomposition and column generation based algorithm. Results: Both solution approaches perform very well with average optimality gaps of 2.38 and 0.27%, respectively, across a large test bed of industrial size. The possibility to expedite the repair of failed parts is effective in reducing stock investments with average reductions of 7.94% and even reductions up to 19.61% relative to the state of the art. Managerial implications: Based on a case study at Netherlands Railways, we show how managers can significantly reduce the investment in repairable spare parts when dynamic repair policies are leveraged to prioritize repair of parts whose inventory is critically low.
Pressure ulcer healing with an intensive nutrition intervention in an acute setting: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Banks M. D. , Ross L. J. , Webster J. , Mudge A. , Stankiewicz M. , Dwyer K. , Coleman K. , Campbell J.
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To investigate the feasibility of recruitment, retention, intervention delivery and outcome measurement in a nutritional intervention to promote pressure ulcer healing in an acute setting.

Method:

Some 50 tertiary hospital patients with stage II or greater pressure ulcer were randomised to receive either individualised nutritional care by a dietitian, including prescription of wound healing supplements; or standard nutritional care. Relevant nutritional and pressure ulcer (PU) parameters were collected at day 5, 10, 15, 22 and then weekly or until discharge.

Results:

The median length of hospital stay was 14 days (1–70) with 29 patients discharged by day 15. There were 24 patients discharged before their PU fully healed. Per cent change in valid PU area and score measures from baseline to day 15 were chosen for outcome data analysis to account for varying initial size and severity of the wound and length of stay. There was a larger percentage reduction in PU measures in the intervention group, but this was not statistically significant. Little difference was found in nutritional intake between the control and intervention groups indicating a requirement to focus on effective delivery of the intervention in future studies. Future studies in the acute setting need to account for length of stay and ideally follow patients until full healing.

Conclusion:

Results indicate a positive association with nutrition intervention and PU healing and that a rigorously designed and adequately powered study is feasible.
Clinical effectiveness of a silicone foam dressing for the prevention of heel pressure ulcers in critically ill patients: Border II Trial
Authors: Santamaria N. , Gerdtz M. , Liu W. , Rakis S. , Sage S. , Ng A. W. , Tudor H. , McCann J. , Vassiliou T. , Morrow F. , Smith K. , Knott J. , Liew D.
Published: September 2020

• Objective:

Critically ill patients are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers (PU), with the sacrum and heels being highly susceptible to pressure injuries. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a new multi-layer, self-adhesive soft silicone foam heel dressing to prevent PU development in trauma and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

• Method:

A cohort of critically ill patients were enrolled at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Each patient had the multi-layer soft silicone foam dressing applied to each heel on admission to the emergency department. The dressings were retained with a tubular bandage for the duration of the patients' stay in the ICU. The skin under the dressings was examined daily and the dressings were replaced every three days. The comparator for our cohort study was the control group from the recently completed Border Trial.

• Results:

Of the 191 patients in the initial cohort, excluding deaths, loss to follow-up and transfers to another ward, 150 patients were included in the final analysis. There was no difference in key demographic or physiological variables between the cohorts, apart from a longer ICU length of stay for our current cohort. No PUs developed in any of our intervention cohort patients compared with 14 patients in the control cohort (n=152; p<0.001) who developed a total of 19 heel PUs.

• Conclusion:

We conclude, based on our results, that the multi-layer soft silicone foam dressing under investigation was clinically effective in reducing ICU-acquired heel PUs. The findings also support previous research on the clinical effectiveness of multi-layer soft silicone foam dressings for PU prevention in the ICU.
Elective orthopaedic surgery with a designated COVID-19-free pathway results in low perioperative viral transmission rates
Authors: Chang Justin S. , Wignadasan Warran , Pradhan Raj , Kontoghiorghe Christina , Kayani Babar , Haddad Fares S.
Published: September 2020

Aims

The safe resumption of elective orthopaedic surgery following the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant challenge. A number of institutions have developed a COVID-free pathway for elective surgery patients in order to minimize the risk of viral transmission. The aim of this study is to identify the perioperative viral transmission rate in elective orthopaedic patients following the restart of elective surgery.

Methods

This is a prospective study of 121 patients who underwent elective orthopaedic procedures through a COVID-free pathway. All patients underwent a 14-day period of self-isolation, had a negative COVID-19 test within 72 hours of surgery, and underwent surgery at a COVID-free site. Baseline patient characteristics were recorded including age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade, body mass index (BMI), procedure, and admission type. Patients were contacted 14 days following discharge to determine if they had had a positive COVID-19 test (COVID-confirmed) or developed symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (COVID-19-presumed).

Results

The study included 74 females (61.2%) and 47 males (38.8%) with a mean age of 52.3 years ± 17.6 years (18 to 83 years). The ASA grade was grade I in 26 patients (21.5%), grade II in 70 patients (57.9%), grade III in 24 patients (19.8%), and grade IV in one patient (0.8%). A total of 18 patients (14.9%) had underlying cardiovascular disease, 17 (14.0%) had pulmonary disease, and eight (6.6%) had diabetes mellitus. No patients (0%) had a positive COVID-19 test in the postoperative period. One patient (0.8%) developed anosmia postoperatively without respiratory symptoms or a fever. The patient did not undergo a COVID-19 test and self-isolated for seven days. Her symptoms resolved within a few days.

Conclusion

The development of a COVID-free pathway for elective orthopaedic patients results in very low viral transmission rates. While both surgeons and patients should remain vigilant, elective surgery can be safely restarted using dedicated pathways and procedures. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:562–567.
Assessment of progressive alterations in collagen organization in the postoperative conjunctiva by multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Seet Li-Fong , Chu Stephanie W. L. , Teng Xiao , Toh Li Zhen , Wong Tina T.
Published: September 2020

Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) commonly fails due to excessive fibrosis. As collagen structure aberrations is implicated in adverse fibrotic progression, this study aims to uncover collagen organization alterations during postoperative scarring. Via quantitative second harmonic generation/ two photon excitation multiphoton imaging, we reveal the scar development and phenotype in the mouse model of conjunctival scarring. We also show that multiphoton imaging corroborated the collagen ultrastructure anomaly characteristic of the SPARC-/- mouse postoperative conjunctiva. These data improve our understanding of postoperative conjunctival scarring and further enhance the utility of this model for the development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics for GFS.
Metasurface-based external cavity diode laser
Authors: SpSgele Christina M. , Tamagnone Michele , Kazakov Dmitry , Piccardo Marco , Capasso Federico
Published: September 2020

We experimentally demonstrate a hmable external cavity laser based on a metasurface. The metasurface focuses light back on the facet of a diode laser, and the emission wavelength can be tuned by moving the metasurface.
High Harmonic Generation from a Large-gap Semiconductor Metasurface
Authors: Shcherbakov Maxim R. , Zhang Haizhong , Tripepi Michael , Talisa Noah , AlShafey Abdallah , Sartorello Giovanni , Fan Zhiyuan , Twardowski Justin , Krivitsky Leonid A. , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Chowdhury Enam , Shvets Gennady
Published: September 2020

Efficient generation of even and odd high harmonics from a resonant large-gap semiconductor metasurface interacting with femtosecond mid-infrared pulses is reported.
Tuning the ellipticity of harmonics generated in graphene
Authors: Ginsberg Jared S. , Jadidi M. Mehdi , Lee Brian S. , Chae Sang Hoon , Chen Cecilia Y. , Patwardhan Gauri , Hone James , Lipson Michal , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: September 2020

We show that the ellipticity dependence of harmonic generation from graphene is a function of its Fermi energy. This allows for the yield and output ellipticity to be readily tuned via electrostatic gating.
Experimental demonstration of time resolving quantum receiver for bandwidth and power efficient communications
Authors: Burenkov Ivan A. , Jabir M. V. , Annafianto N. Fajar R. , Battou Abdella , Polyakov Sergey V.
Published: September 2020

We developed Coherent Frequency Shift Keying and Hybrid Frequency-Phase Shift Keying protocols optimized for quantum measurement. Paired with our new quantum receiver, these protocols experimentally demonstrate the record energy efficiency and improve communication channel capacity.
Towards Photonic Interconnects between Ion Traps for Scalable Quantum Information Processing
Authors: Takahashi Hiroki
Published: September 2020

Based on the recent achievement of strong coupling between a single ion and a single photon in a cylindrical trap, an ongoing work to extend it to linear traps and photonic interconnects is reported.
Graphene-Based Electro-Optic Entangler
Authors: Qasymeh Montasir , Eleuch Hichem
Published: September 2020

We propose a novel technique for entanglement of microwave and optical fields using capacitor loaded with graphene waveguide. The proposed technique utilizes the graphene conductivity to realize an off-resonant interaction and achieve a tunable entanglement.
Topological Thermal Emission in Non-Hermitian Selective Thermal Emitters
Authors: Doiron Chloe F. , Naik Gururaj V.
Published: September 2020

We present a nanophotonic device capable of displaying non-trivial topology in thermal emission. By coupling the horizontal and vertical modes of two resonators with large loss asymmetry, exceptional lines are observed in parameter space.
Highly confined plasmons in individual single-walled carbon nanotube nanoantennas
Authors: Yu Shang-Jie , Roberts John Andris , Lin Qing , Bohaichuk Stephanie , Luo Yue , Choi Yi Taek , Ho Po-Hsun , Lee Kayoung , Falk Abram L. , Wilson William L. , Pop Eric , Wong H.-S. Philip , Fan Jonathan A.
Published: September 2020

We study highly confined plasmons in individual single-walled carbon nanohrbe nanoantennas in the mid-infrared regime. This work paves the way for extreme light-matter interactions at the nanoscale and quanttrm plasmonics.
T-Operator Bounds on Absorption, Scattering and Thermal Emission for Arbitrary Objects
Authors: Molesky Sean , Venkataram Prashanth S. , Jin Weiliang , Chao Pengning , Rodriguez Alejandro W.
Published: September 2020

We report bounds on angle-integrated absorption, scattering and far- and nearfield radiative emission, capturing both per-volume material limits and geometric effects. We then describe potential extensions of this formalism to a variety of electromagnetic phenomena.
Active photonic cooling using time-modulated thermal emission
Authors: Buddhiraju Siddharth , Li Wei , Fan Shanhui
Published: September 2020

We present a coupled-mode theory and a computational formalism to describe thermal radiation from time-modulated systems. We show that such modulation results in an active cooling mechanism with high thermodynamic performance approaching the Carnot limit.
Observation of the Stimulated Quantum Cherenkov Effect
Authors: Dahan Raphael , Nehemia Saar , Shentcis Michael , Reinhardt Ori , Adiv Yuval , Wang Kangpeng , Be’er Orr , Kurman Yaniv , Shi Xihang , Lynch Morgan H. , Kaminer Ido
Published: September 2020

We present the first observation of the quantum nature of the Cherenkov effect, by phasematching light & electron waves. Interacting coherently along hundreds of microns, each electron simultaneously absorbs and emits hundreds of photon quanta.
Tunable Free-electron X-ray Radiation From van der Waals Materials
Authors: Shentcis Michael , Budniak Adam K. , Dahan Raphael , Kurman Yaniv , Shi Xihang , Kalina Michael , Sheinfux Hanan Herzig , Blei Mark , Svendsen Mark Kamper , Amouyal Yaron , Koppens Frank. H.L. , Tongay Sefaattin , Thygesen Kristian Sommer , Lifshitz Efrat , de Abajo Javier García , Wong Liang Jie , Kaminer Ido
Published: September 2020

We present the first observation of energy-tunable X-ray radiation from van-der-Waals materials. Tunability is achieved by control of the incident electron energy and lattice structure - towards a new designer concept for novel X-ray sources.
LWIR filamentation arrested by avalanche ionization
Authors: Woodbury D. , Schwartz R. M. , Isaacs J. , Milchberg H. M.
Published: September 2020

Long wave infrared (LWIR) filamentation enables long range channeling of higher peak power beams before modulation and breakup. We present self-consistent modeling of the effect of avalanche ionization on LWIR filamentation, consistent with recent experiments.
Spatio-temporal measurement of super-fluorescence from light filaments in air
Authors: Rastegari Ali , Kamer Brian , Diels Jean Claude , Arissian Ladan
Published: September 2020

Using a streak camera, we measure the spatial profile of fluorescence emission of from a filament in air. The delay is inversely proportional to the density of the excited states contributing in collective emission.
Few Cycle EUV Continuum Generation via Thin Film Compression
Authors: Stanfield M. , Allison H. , Beier N. , Hakimi S. , Hussein A. E. , Dollar F.
Published: September 2020

Generation of an extreme ultraviolet continuum (33 eV to 72 eV) by a multi millijoule, few-cycle (7 fs) laser pulse produced by the Thin Film Compression technique.
Design and fabrication of a 128-channel array of quantum memories in hybrid photonic circuits
Authors: Lu Tsung-Ju , Wan Noel H. , Chen Kevin C. , Walsh Michael P. , Trusheim Matthew E. , De Santis Lorenzo , Bersin Eric A. , Harris Isaac B. , Mouradian Sara L. , Christen Ian R. , Bielejec Edward S. , Englund Dirk
Published: September 2020

We show the design, fabrication, and integration of a 128-channel aluminum nitride photonic chip with tunable diamond quantum micro-chiplets containing silicon vacancy and germanium vacancy color centers, enabling a chip-integrated architecture towards multiplexed photon-mediated entanglement.
Spectrally Tailorable Photon Pairs Generated by Using Nonlinear Interferometer with Programmed Phase Shifts
Authors: Ma Mingyi , Cui Liang , Li Jiamin , Su Jie , Ou Z. Y. , Li Xiaoying
Published: September 2020

Photon pairs with flexibly tailorable spectral property are experimentally realized by using a fiber-based two-stage nonlinear interferometer scheme consisting of two pieces of dispersion-shifted fibers with a programmable optical filter in between.
Machine Learning Enabled Lineshape Analysis in Optical Two-Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy
Authors: Titze Michael , Namuduri Srikanth , Bhansali Shekhar , Li Hebin
Published: September 2020

Although analytical solutions exist, the analysis of two-dimensional spectroscopy (2DCS) data can be tedious. A machine learning approach to analyzing 2DCS spectra is presented. We test the accuracy of the algorithm on simulated and experimental data.
Engineering Atomic Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride via Resonant Optical Excitation of Phonons
Authors: Jadidi M. Mehdi , Chen Cecilia Y. , Li Baichang , Ginsberg Jared S. , Chae Sang Hoon , Joshi Chaitali , Patwardhan Gauri , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Hone James , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: September 2020

We introduce an approach to engineer defects in hBN using intense pulses resonant with phonons at 7.3 pm. Such defects are highly subwavelength (< 30 nm) with an alignment sensitive to the polarization.
Collective Rayleigh Scattering from Molecular Ensembles under Strong Coupling
Authors: Golombek Adina , Balasubrahmaniyam Mukundakumar , Kaeek Maria , Hadar Keren , Schwartz Tal
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate that strongly coupled organic microcavities exhibit strong resonant scattering at wavelengths corresponding to the hybrid polaritonic states. Interestingly, we observe that the scattering strength increases linearly with the photonic weight of the polaritons.
Ultrafast charge and energy transfer in a MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure
Authors: Purz Torben L. , Martin Eric W. , Rivera Pasqual , Xu Xiaodong , Cundiff Steven T.
Published: September 2020

We examine ultrafast charge and energy transfer in a MoSe2/WSe2 het erostructure using multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. This technique identifies different transfer processes and indicates charge and energy transfer times below 200 fs and 900 fs, respectively.
High Phonon-limited Mobility in Mono- and Bilayer Molybdenum Ditelluride
Authors: Helmrich Sophia , Achtstein Alexander W. , Ahmad Hery , Kunz Matthias , Herzog Bastian , Schöps Oliver , Woggon Ulrike , Owschimikow Nina
Published: September 2020

We extract phonon-limited mobilities of excitons, electrons and holes from the lineshape of the temperature-dependent photoemission of mono- and bilayer molybdenum ditelluride. We find the highest values so far reported for transition metal dichalcogenides.
Amplitude Multiplexing Readout for Integrated SNSPD
Authors: Gaggero A. , Martini F. , Mattioli F. , Chiarello F. , Cernansky R. , Politi A. , Leoni R.
Published: September 2020

The growing complexity of integrated quantum optics experiments requires the simultaneous readout of an increasing number of optical mode, hence integrated detectors. Amplitude-multiplexing scheme allows the reading of tens of SNSPDs using only one coaxial- cable.
Development of Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors on Silicon-Carbide Photonics for Quantum Technologies
Authors: Martini F. , Fan T. , Gaggero A. , Mattioli F. , Wu X. , Eftekhar A. A. , Adibi A. , Leoni R.
Published: September 2020

SiC is a promising platform for photonic quantum technologies. We present our efforts in the development of SNSPDs on SiC photonic structures, demonstrating high internal efficiency and the integration on SiCOI waveguides structures.
Multiresonant Nanolaminate Plasmonic Metamaterials with Spatial Mode Overlap
Authors: Tali Seied Ali Safiabadi , Song Junyeob , Nam Wonil , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2020

By supporting multiple hybridized surface plasmon resonances with spatial mode overlap, multiresonant nanolaminate plasmonic metamaterials can achieve broadband deep- subwavelength light concentration in the same nano-localized volume at multiple different wavelength ranges.
Multifunctional Infrared Plasmonic Metamaterial Absorbers for Infrared Polarimetric Imaging
Authors: Li Junyu , Yi Fei
Published: September 2020

Here we design and experimentally demonstrate broadband and highly polarization selective mid-IR absorbers with spectrally averaged absorption exceeding 70% and polarization extinction ratio of 40.6, covering the important 3-5 pm atmospheric band for infrared polarimetric imaging.
An Optical Limiter Using a Strongly Correlated Material
Authors: Li Weijian , Wang Yuning , Naik Gururaj V.
Published: September 2020

Photorefractive optical properties of a strongly-correlated material, 1T-TaS2 allows many nonlinear nanophotonic devices. Here, we present optical limiters using 1T- TaS2.
Optical thermodynamic properties of nonlinear topological Haldane lattices
Authors: Jung Pawel S. , Wu Fan O. , Parto Midya , Liu Yuzhou G. N. , Khajavikhan Mercedeh , Christodoulides Demetrios N.
Published: September 2020

We show that a nonlinear topological Haldane lattice can exhibit a number of intriguing thermodynamic properties such as a metastable response leading to different temperatures in two bands or thermal equilibrium at different chemical potentials.
Electrically Pumped Topological Insulator Lasers
Authors: Choi Jae-Hyuck , Hayenga William , Parto Midya , Liu Yuzhou , Bahari Babak , Christodoulides Demetrios , Khajavikhan Mercedeh
Published: September 2020

We report on the first demonstration of electrically pumped topological insulator laser arrays. When pumping is applied to the elements along the perimeter, a sharp single-mode lasing peak can be detected across the array.
Thermal Emission from Multi-mode Optical Antennas on an Epsilon-Near-Zero Substrate
Authors: Khan Irfan , Dominguez Owen , Lu Junchi , Nordin Leland , Wasserman Daniel , Hoffman Anthony J.
Published: September 2020

Far-field thermal emission is measured for multi-mode optical antennas fabricated on an epsilon-near-zero substrate. The evolution of the emission pattern for the Berreman and first and second antenna modes versus antenna length is presented.
Verifying the Survival of Time-Energy Entanglement Through Tissue
Authors: Lum Daniel J. , Mazurek Michael D. , Mikhaylov Alexander , Parzuchowski Kristen , Wilson Ryan N. , Cicerone Marcus T. , Jimenez Ralph , Gerrits T. , Stevens Martin J. , Camp Charles H.
Published: September 2020

Two-photon microscopy (TPM) with entangled photons may provide significant enhancements over classical TPM. Though previously little explored, here we demonstrate via a unique Franson interferometer, the robust maintenance of entanglement through millimeters of bio-samples.
Discerning Polarization Objects using Non-local Measurements with Metasurfaces
Authors: Vega Andres , Wang Kai , Lung Shaun , Jones Daniel E. , Brodsky Michael , Pertsch Thomas , Setzpfandt Frank , Sukhorukov Andrey A.
Published: September 2020

We present an original non-local ghost measurement scheme with polarization-entangled photons, where nanostructured dielectric metasurfaces enable discrimination between a set of objects with different polarization characteristics, including fully or partially transparent birefringent elements.
Arbitrary Transformation of Two-Photon Polarization States with Metasurfaces
Authors: Lung Shaun , Wang Kai , Kamali Khosro Zangeneh , Rahmani Mohsen , Neshev Dragomir N. , Sukhorukov Andrey A.
Published: September 2020

We develop and experimentally realize all-dielectric metasurfaces that can transform any input two-photon polarization-entangled state to an arbitrary target state, achieving a tailored control over the degree of entanglement through a theoretically optimal non-Hermitian operation.
TiN@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Plasmon-Enhanced Photosensitizers for Photocatalysis
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Dutta Aveek , Khurgin Jacob , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Wei Alexander , Boltasseva Alexandra
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate the effective generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) catalyzed by hot electrons obtained from the plasmon decay in TiN@TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles at 700 nm excitation.
Properties of Ideal Flat Metalenses
Authors: McClung Andrew , Mansouree Mahdad , Samudrala Sarath , Arbabi Amir
Published: September 2020

We derive image space fields of ideal flat metalenses, which differ significantly from those of refractive lenses, and use them to determine the modulation transfer function, depth of focus and spectral bandwidth of flat metalenses.
Inverse designed metalenses with extended depth of focus
Authors: Bayati Elyas , Pestourie Raphael , Colburn Shane , Lin Zin , Johnson Steven G. , Majumdar Arka
Published: September 2020

We design, fabricate and characterize a cylindrical metasurface lens operating at — 625nm with a depth of focus exceeding that of an ordinary lens using adjoint optimization-based inverse electromagnetic design.
Deterministic generation of topologically-protected bound states in the continuum by breaking spatial symmetry
Authors: Yoda Taiki , Notomi Masaya
Published: September 2020

We propose a deterministic method to generate off-r bound states in the continuum (BICs): an at-r BIC with charge -2 can split into two off-r BICs by breaking C6 symmetry through the charge conservation.
Bound States in the Continuum of Higher-Order Topological Photonic Systems
Authors: Cerjan Alexander , Jürgensen Marius , Benalcazar Wladimir A. , Mukherjee Sebabrata , Rechtsman Mikael C.
Published: September 2020

We numerically demonstrate that the comer-localized boundary states of a higher-order topological system are bound states in the continuum, demonstrating that bulk-boundary correspondence holds even in the absence of a bandgap.
Total Angular Momentum Management of Three Dimensional Vortices with a Single Plate
Authors: Dorrah Ahmed H. , Rubin Noah A. , Zaidi Aun , Tamagnone Michele , Capasso Federico
Published: September 2020

We present compact planar devices that enable light’s spin and orbital angular momenta to evolve, simultaneously, from one state to another along the propagation direction, and report on arbitrary spin-orbit coupling in three dimensional vortices.