bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Factory and the Beehive. III. PTFEB132.707+19.810, A Low-mass Eclipsing Binary in Praesepe Observed by PTF and K2
Authors: Kraus Adam L. , Douglas Stephanie T. , Mann Andrew W. , Agüeros Marcel A. , Law Nicholas M. , Covey Kevin R. , Feiden Gregory A. , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Gaidos Eric , Torres Guillermo , Bakos Gaspar
Published: August 2017

Theoretical models of stars constitute the fundamental bedrock upon which much of astrophysics is built, but large swaths of model parameter space remain uncalibrated by observations. The best calibrators are eclipsing binaries in clusters, allowing measurement of masses, radii, luminosities, and temperatures for stars of known metallicity and age. We present the discovery and detailed characterization of PTFEB132.707+19.810, a P = 6.0 day eclipsing binary in the Praesepe cluster (τ ∼ 600–800 Myr; [Fe/H] = 0.14 ± 0.04). The system contains two late-type stars (SpT
P
= M3.5 ± 0.2; SpT
S
= M4.3 ± 0.7) with precise masses (

M
⊙;

M
⊙) and radii (

R
⊙;

R
⊙). Neither star meets the predictions of stellar evolutionary models. The primary has the expected radius but is cooler and less luminous, while the secondary has the expected luminosity but is cooler and substantially larger (by 20%). The system is not tidally locked or circularized. Exploiting a fortuitous 4:5 commensurability between P
orb and

, we demonstrate that fitting errors from the unknown spot configuration only change the inferred radii by ≲1%–2%. We also analyze subsets of data to test the robustness of radius measurements; the radius sum is more robust to systematic errors and preferable for model comparisons. We also test plausible changes in limb darkening and find corresponding uncertainties of ∼1%. Finally, we validate our pipeline using extant data for GU Boo, finding that our independent results match previous radii to within the mutual uncertainties (2%–3%). We therefore suggest that the substantial discrepancies are astrophysical; since they are larger than those for old field stars, they may be tied to the intermediate age of PTFEB132.707+19.810.
Dust Density Distribution and Imaging Analysis of Different Ice Lines in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Pinilla P. , Pohl A. , Stammler S. M. , Birnstiel T.
Published: August 2017

Recent high angular resolution observations of protoplanetary disks at different wavelengths have revealed several kinds of structures, including multiple bright and dark rings. Embedded planets are the most used explanation for such structures, but there are alternative models capable of shaping the dust in rings as it has been observed. We assume a disk around a Herbig star and investigate the effect that ice lines have on the dust evolution, following the growth, fragmentation, and dynamics of multiple dust size particles, covering from 1 μm to 2 m sized objects. We use simplified prescriptions of the fragmentation velocity threshold, which is assumed to change radially at the location of one, two, or three ice lines. We assume changes at the radial location of main volatiles, specifically H2O, CO2, and NH3. Radiative transfer calculations are done using the resulting dust density distributions in order to compare with current multiwavelength observations. We find that the structures in the dust density profiles and radial intensities at different wavelengths strongly depend on the disk viscosity. A clear gap of emission can be formed between ice lines and be surrounded by ring-like structures, in particular between the H2O and CO2 (or CO). The gaps are expected to be shallower and narrower at millimeter emission than at near-infrared, opposite to model predictions of particle trapping. In our models, the total gas surface density is not expected to show strong variations, in contrast to other gap-forming scenarios such as embedded giant planets or radial variations of the disk viscosity.
A Test of the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer Ribbon Formation in the Outer Heliosheath
Authors: Gamayunov Konstantin V. , Heerikhuisen Jacob , Rassoul Hamid
Published: August 2017

NASA’s Interstellar Boundary EXplorer (IBEX) mission is imaging energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) propagating to Earth from the outer heliosphere and local interstellar medium (LISM). A dominant feature in all ENA maps is a ribbon of enhanced fluxes that was not predicted before IBEX. While more than a dozen models of the ribbon formation have been proposed, consensus has gathered around the so-called secondary ENA model. Two classes of secondary ENA models have been proposed; the first class assumes weak scattering of the energetic pickup protons in the LISM, and the second class assumes strong but spatially localized scattering. Here we present a numerical test of the “weak scattering” version of the secondary ENA model using our gyro-averaged kinetic model for the evolution of the phase-space distribution of protons in the outer heliosheath. As input for our test, we use distributions of the primary ENAs from our MHD-plasma/kinetic-neutral model of the heliosphere-LISM interaction. The magnetic field spectrum for the large-scale interstellar turbulence and an upper limit for the amplitude of small-scale local turbulence (SSLT) generated by protons are taken from observations by Voyager 1 in the LISM. The hybrid simulations of energetic protons are also used to set the bounding wavenumbers for the spectrum of SSLT. Our test supports the “weak scattering” version. This makes an additional solid step on the way to understanding the origin and formation of the IBEX ribbon and thus to improving our understanding of the interaction between the heliosphere and the LISM.
Digitizing Library Outreach
Authors: Wu Somaly Kim , Bess Marc , Price Bob R.
Published: August 2017

As technologies change, library outreach must similarly evolve to better meet the needs and expectations of library users. Mobile device ownership has steadily increased among all demographics over the past several years in the United States, but particularly among college students. This trend provides libraries with new avenues for outreach. Lack of awareness and access may complicate students' ability to use the information, resources, and services necessary for academic success. Libraries must leverage new technologies and tools, such as Bluetooth beacons and smartphone applications, to increase awareness of resources and services. Rather than relying on solely word-of-mouth outreach methods to increase awareness of resources and services, academic libraries can experiment with marketing technologies that reach users directly through their mobile devices. The ubiquity of mobile devices can make it easier for libraries to serve their users and empower students to become more independent as they seek, analyze, and synthesize information.
Negotiating Diverse Populations in Online Graduate Courses
Authors: Boyd Patricia Webb , Severson Andrea J.
Published: August 2017

This study uses Garrison et al.'s Community of Inquiry Model to analyze the difficulties that arose in an online English graduate course. Using the three presences (teacher, social, and cognitive) to understand the interactions and engagements between students, instructor, and course material, the chapter illustrates the primary need for strong teacher presence in student-centered learning environments, especially in online courses where traditional verbal and physical cues are not present. Without a strong teacher presence, the effective achievement of social presence and cognitive presence is hindered. Students need instructor modeling and direction in order to achieve the deep learning goals that are at the center of graduate education. The implications of the study are that teachers must carefully and flexibly design the course both at the beginning of the semester and throughout it as the demographics of the student population are illustrated in the online discussions.
An Insight Into Openstack
Authors: G. Srinivasa K. , Santhosh Vikram
Published: August 2017

OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of compute, storage, and networking resources throughout a data center. All of the above components are managed through a dashboard which gives administrators control while empowering their users to provision resources through a web interface. OpenStack lets users deploy virtual machines and other instances which handle different tasks for managing a cloud environment on the fly. It makes horizontal scaling easy, which means that tasks which benefit from running concurrently can easily serve more or less users on the fly by just spinning up more instances.
Virtual Network With Virtual Router/Firewall Using Endian Firewall Community (EFW)
Authors: Deka Ganesh Chandra , Das Prashanta Kumar
Published: August 2017

With Open source virtualization software like VMware Player and Virtualbox, it is easy to install and run Virtual machines (VMs) in a home desktop computer. Endian Firewall provides a service called VPN (Virtual Private Network); it offers a secure communication between two different networks by using internet connection. In this chapter, we will install an Endian Firewall Community OS in one of the virtual machines (VM) and network it with the other VM for creating a firewall/router/proxy/VPN.
Achieving Rural Teachers' Development Through a WeChat Professional Learning Community
Authors: Zheng Xue , Liu Haixia , Lin Dongmei , Li Jiacheng
Published: August 2017

WeChat group is a new network communication platform, which gradually influences rural teachers' development and brings some specific issues into schooling. This chapter focuses on two rural banzhurens, Ms. Liu and Ms. Lin, from Guangdong Province, to explore WeChat groups' influences on rural teachers' development. On the basis of interviews and data analysis, the authors summarize the main activities that the two rural banzhurens have taken part in; outline the development they have obtained in three areas, including courage, benevolence, and wisdom; examine how rural teachers achieve their development based on the WeChat group; and discuss the limitations of this online tool.
Centralized Fog Computing Security Platform for IoT and Cloud in Healthcare System
Authors: Thota Chandu , Sundarasekar Revathi , Manogaran Gunasekaran , R Varatharajan , M. K. Priyan
Published: August 2017

This chapter proposes an efficient centralized secure architecture for end to end integration of IoT based healthcare system deployed in Cloud environment. The proposed platform uses Fog Computing environment to run the framework. In this chapter, health data is collected from sensors and collected sensor data are securely sent to the near edge devices. Finally, devices transfer the data to the cloud for seamless access by healthcare professionals. Security and privacy for patients' medical data are crucial for the acceptance and ubiquitous use of IoT in healthcare. The main focus of this work is to secure Authentication and Authorization of all the devices, Identifying and Tracking the devices deployed in the system, Locating and tracking of mobile devices, new things deployment and connection to existing system, Communication among the devices and data transfer between remote healthcare systems. The proposed system uses asynchronous communication between the applications and data servers deployed in the cloud environment.
Big Data and Internet of Things for Analysing and Designing Systems Based on Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Bhargavi Peyakunta , Jyothi Singaraju
Published: August 2017

The recent development of sensors remote sensing is an important source of information for mapping and natural and man-made land covers. The increasing amounts of available hyperspectral data originates from AVIRIS, HyMap, and Hyperion for a wide range of applications in the data volume, velocity, and variety of data contributed to the term big data. Sensing is enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies to infer and understand environmental indicators, from delicate ecologies and natural resources to urban environments. The communication network creates the Internet of Things (IoT) where sensors and actuators blend with the environment around us, and the information is shared across platforms in order to develop a common operating picture (COP). With RFID tags, embedded sensor and actuator nodes, the next revolutionary technology developed transforming the Internet into a fully integrated Future Internet. This chapter describes the use of Big Data and Internet of the Things for analyzing and designing various systems based on hyperspectral images.
Rethinking Education Policies Within the Axis of Being a Refugee
Authors: Şentürk İlknur
Published: August 2017

In this chapter, concept of refugees, legal status of refugees, educational rights of refugees, concept of multicultural education are discussed. This section on refugees and immigrants in Turkey, multiculturalism, multicultural education concept aims to investigate basic human right of the refugees, immigrants and asylum seekers, right of education. Principles and recommendations should be produced on structuring and management of multicultural educational environments that would support right and struggle of existence of refugees, who would affect the future social, cultural, economic and political structure of Turkey, in this structure. As a result, in Turkish context, a “Commission for Educational Programs and Strategies for Refugee and Immigrants” that would include multidisciplinary experts and implementers and would be activated within National Education Ministry and organized also in periphery could produce and implement action plans and projects to provide educational rights of immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers in rational, academic, legal, political and humane manner.
Legal Challenges on Developing Education Policy for Immigrants in Turkey
Authors: Durnalı Mehmet , Eriçok Barış
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study is to present one of conceptual issues in the context of legal challenges on comprehensive and accurate policies for education vital to be developed and executed ensuring that immigrants in Turkey can be trained and educated very efficiently, in other word, it aims to emphasize main legal basis of immigrants in Turkey and education or training references in those legal documents. Firstly, introduction part provides an overview of concept of main themes from different holistic perspectives systematically referring to literature. Furthermore, problem statement of current study is emphasized subsequently. In main part, firstly, main outline of special national and international laws, regulations, signed action plans, protocols and other policies concerning just directly refugees and immigrants after the establishment of Republic of Turkey will be put forwarded and secondly they will be analyzed and discussed in terms of themes referring to education and training of immigrants.
New Media Technology and Development Journalism in Nigeria
Authors: Okoroafor Oluchi Emma
Published: August 2017

News consumption today is not the same as pre-satellite era when people waited for their newspapers or wait for an appointed time for the evening news on television but now people tune in to events happening around the world through 24-hours television news channels. More recently, readers, viewers and listeners are going online for their news. Television, newspapers and radio are still in Nigeria but there is a growing competition from interactive online media. The high technological revolution has significantly altered the way the public obtain its news and information, and has deprived the mass media of its traditional monopoly. Today various computerized sources are regularly being used in media organizations. This chapter seeks to explore how the new media technologies are helping journalists in gathering, packaging and dissemination of news on economic development and the challenges being encountered by the journalists in the use of the new media technologies.
Media Campaign on Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Ezeh Nkiru Comfort
Published: August 2017

Research has proved that Exclusive Breastfeeding is vital in achieving optimal infant and child health, growth and development; and so there have been media campaigns in support of the initiative. This chapter explored the relationship between the media campaign for exclusive breastfeeding and mothers' decision to comply based on Symbolic Interactionism, Diffusion of Innovation, Social Responsibility, and Gate-keeping Theories. The questionnaire survey, conducted among 400 mothers in Anambra state, Nigeria, revealed that despite the enormous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding that have been well established and enormous campaign which has created tremendous awareness on the need to exclusively breastfeed babies, social structure of communities and social interaction within the community influence mother's perception and acceptability of the message. The study, therefore recommends that view of the opinion leaders and people with decision-making power should be sought after to know their stand on the issue of exclusive breastfeeding. Appropriate communication strategies should be developed to get their support for the idea since they are the custodians of the culture and have great influence on the people.
An Integrated Development Environment for RFID Applications
Authors: Kefalakis Nikos , Soldatos John
Published: August 2017

In recent years we have witnessed a proliferation of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) middleware systems and projects (including several open source projects), which are extensively used to support the emerging wave of RFID applications. Some of the RFID middleware projects come with simple tools, which facilitate the application development, configuration, and deployment processes. However, these tools tend to be fragmented since they address only part of an RFID system (such as the filtering of tag streams and/or the generation of business events). In this chapter, the authors introduce an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for RFID applications, which addresses multiple parts of an RFID application, while at the same time supporting the full application development lifecycle (i.e. design, development, deployment, and testing of RFID applications). The introduced IDE comprises a wide range of tools, which have been implemented as modular plug-ins to an Eclipse-based environment. The various tools enable application development, deployment, testing, and configurations over the middleware infrastructure established by the AspireRFID (AspireRFID Consortium, 2013), and their evaluation has proven that they can significantly ease RFID application development.
Development of Data Mining Driven Software Tool to Forecast the Customer Requirement for Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Purohit Shivani K. , Sharma Ashish K.
Published: August 2017

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is widely used customer driven process for product development. Thus, Customer Requirements (CRs) play a key role in QFD process. However, the diversification in marketplace makes these CRs more dynamic and changing, giving rise the need to forecast CRs to improve competitiveness and increase customer satisfaction. The purpose can be served by using Data Mining techniques of forecasting. With the pool of forecasting techniques available, it is important to evaluate a suitable one for more effective results. To this end, the paper presents a novel software tool to efficiently forecast CRs in QFD. The tool allows for forecasting using various data mining based time series analysis techniques that strongly assists in doing comparative analysis and evaluating out the most apt technique for forecasting of CRs. The tool is developed using VB.Net and MS-Access. Finally, an example is presented to demonstrate the practicability of proposed software tool.
A Web Backtracking Technique for Fraud Detection in Financial Applications
Authors: Hussain Tasawar , Asghar Sohail
Published: August 2017

The web based applications are maturing and gaining the confidence of their users gradually, however, www still lacks the mechanism to stop the hackers. The implementing the adhesive security measures such as intrusion deduction systems and firewalls, are no more useful breaker for online frauds. The Web Backtracking Technique (WBT) is proposed for fraud detection in online financial applications by applying the hierarchical sessionization technique on the web log file. The web log Hierarchical Sessionization enhances the focused groups of users from web log and paves the path for in-depth visualization for knowledge discovery. User clicks are compared with user profiles for change in previous user click records. Those transactions which do not conform to business rules are stopped from business activities. The WBT analyzes suspicious behavior and will produce reports for security and risk mitigation purposes Furthermore, suspicious transactions are mined for the up-gradation of business rules from hierarchical sessionization. The proposed WBT is validated against the university web log data.
Auditing Defense Against XSS Worms in Online Social Network-Based Web Applications
Authors: Chaudhary Pooja , Gupta Shashank , Gupta B. B.
Published: August 2017

Nowadays, users of Online Social Network (OSN) are less familiar with cyber security threats that occur in such networks, comprising Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) worms, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, Phishing, etc. Numerous defensive methodologies exist for mitigating the effect of DDoS attacks and Phishing vulnerabilities from OSN. However, till now, no such robust defensive solution is proposed for the complete alleviation of XSS worms from such networks. This chapter discusses the detailed incidences of XSS attacks in the recent period on the platforms of OSN. A high level of taxonomy of XSS worms is illustrated in this article for the precise interpretation of its exploitation in multiple applications of OSN like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. We have also discussed the key contributions of current defensive solutions of XSS attacks on the existing platforms of OSN. Based on this study, we identified the current performance issues in these existing solutions and recommend future research guidelines.
Degree of Similarity of Web Applications
Authors: Popescu Doru Anastasiu , Nicolae Dragos
Published: August 2017

In this chapter, the authors present a way of measuring the similarity between two Web applications. For this, they define the degree of similarity between two Web applications, taking into account only the Webpages composed of HTML tags. The authors also introduce an algorithm used to calculate this value, its implementation being made in the Java programming language.
Materialistic Values and Impulsive Behavior in the Purchasing Process Between Genders
Authors: Samanta Irene
Published: August 2017

The research investigates the relationship between gender, materialistic values, and impulsive behavior with fashion clothing involvement. Furthermore this study investigates different decision-making styles and the influence of the marketing mix to the purchasing process. A survey was conducted with a sample of 295 consumers. Factor analysis using principle components with varimax rotation was used. Also, the Kruscall-Wallis test was conducted in order to reveal interactions and relationship between different variables. According to research findings young adults have developed materialistic values and therefore material goods are used as symbols by them. The reinforcement of a person's self-image is probably a motivation that plays significant role in individuals purchasing decisions. Thus consumers are engaged in non-planned purchases, which are considered as impulsive. Moreover, men are those who are more involved with fashion clothing in order to bolster their self-image. However women are those who appear to be more impulsive in their purchasing decisions.
Synthesis of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by In-Liquid CVD
Authors: Toyota Hiromichi , Nagaoka Ken , Zhu Xia , Kato Yoshinari , Nomura Shinfuku , Iwamoto Yukiharu , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Shibano Yu
Published: August 2017

High-speed synthesis of the carbon nanotubes in liquid is introduced. The conventional method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes is generally known as gas-phase chemical-vapor deposition (CVD). With that method, carbon nanotubes of high purity can be synthesized, but the synthesis rate is low. Even though the synthesized carbon nanotubes are excellent materials, they cannot be used in large quantities. Accordingly, in this study, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are synthesized by “in-liquid” CVD. Since the molecular density of a liquid is much higher than that of a gas and the liquid has a cooling effect, performing CVD in a liquid can provide a high-speed growth rate of CNTs on substrate materials. A silicon substrate on which cobalt micro particles are deposited as the catalyst was used. Electrical-resistance heating was used for growing carbon nanotubes in pure ethanol. The synthesized nanotubes were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. The results of these analyses indicate that SWCNTs were successfully synthesized over a wide area of the substrate surface. By investigating the synthesized carbon nanotubes under varied experimental conditions (such as pressure and substrate surface roughness), it is shown that surface roughness of the substrate and the bubble behavior are related to the synthesis mechanism of the CNTs.
On the Formation Mechanisms of Adhering Layer during Machining Metal Material
Authors: Song Xiao Qi , Takahashi Yukio , He Wei Ming , Ihara Tohru
Published: August 2017

Built-up Layer (BUL)/Built-up Edge (BUE) formed on the tool surface can be treated as a protective, thermal barrier or lubricant films especially in the extreme severe conditions when machining the metal materials, which can sustain the tool effective and wear resistance. In order to have a thorough understanding of the adhesion effect during machining, experiments have been carried out to investigate the performance and the formation mechanisms of adhering layer on the carbide tool in machining of aluminium alloys A6063, carbon steel S45C and difficult-to-cut hardened steel S45C (H-S45C). The morphology of tool adhered surface was examined by employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the dimensions of adhering layer were measured by Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM) and the elements on the tool were analyzed by Electron Probe Micro Analyser (EPMA), respectively. The atomic-scale cluster adhesive friction model is proposed to explain the tool-chip contact conditions, which considers the nature of the shear strain, shear strain rate and temperature distribution in the secondary deformation zone. The model is a dynamic model and the rate equation approach can be applied to estimate the formation process of adhering layer during machining. Results have shown that the adhering layer will give rise to BUL on the tool rake face and the BUE on the cutting edge and clearance face.
Roundness in Drilling of Low-Rigidity Workpiece
Authors: Sato Masahiko , Fukuma Akihiro , Yamamoto Kanae , Matsuno Takashi
Published: August 2017

This study described the effect of mechanical properties on the roundness of a drilled hole in the drilling of low-rigidity workpieces. A thin-thickness part workpiece model involving a beam plate structure fixed on both ends was used in the study. The effects of feed, workpiece length, distance from the fixed end to the drilling point, and mechanical properties of the workpiece on the roundness of the hole were investigated. The thrust force increased with feed and the roundness became worse with feed. The hole was enlarged in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece at the upper section of the hole. An increase in the workpiece length decreased the rigidity of the workpiece and deteriorated the roundness of the hole. The roundness error was extremely small when the drilling point was near the fixed end. Carbon steel, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, and titanium alloy were used as workpiece materials. The thrust force in the drilling of titanium alloy and stainless steel was considerably larger than that of the carbon steel and aluminum alloy. The roundness of the hole was worse in the drilling of titanium alloy and stainless steel than that in the drilling of carbon steel and aluminum alloy. Plastic deformation occurred in the workpieces made of titanium alloy and stainless steel, which is probably because the workpiece was yielded by the large thrust force. The value of the ratio of the thrust force in drilling to the Young’s modulus of the workpiece was used in evaluating the deflection of the workpiece and the roundness error of the hole in drilling.
Basic Characteristics of In-Liquid Plasma Jet and Electrode Damage
Authors: Zhu Xia , Satoh Taisuke , Toyota Hiromichi , Nomura Shinfuku , Iwamoto Yukiharu , Gautama Pria
Published: August 2017

The most progress towards a practical method of fusing municipal waste incineration ash has been in the use of a plasma jet that employs arc discharge, a form of thermal plasma. However, a remaining problem is that stable plasma generation is prevented by melting of the nozzle of the plasma-jet torch by the high-temperature plasma flow. With the objective of developing high-speed fusion treatment for waste materials using an in-liquid plasma jet, basic research was conducted on plasma stability and the durability of plasma-jet torches, including electrodes and nozzles. Basic plasma jet characteristics such as the discharge voltage, current, and power value at the time of plasma jet generation were investigated experimentally. The relationship between the temperature distribution near the tip of a plasma jet torch and electrode damage was investigated by fluid-heat coupled analysis using the finite element method.
How I Do It: Percutaneous Image-guided Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion
Authors: Arabi Mohammad , Alammari Sultan , Qazi Shahbaz , Bashir Omar , Salman Refaat , Alzahrani Yousof , Elhassan Elwaleed , Almoaiqel Mohammad
Published: August 2017

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) catheter insertion is traditionally performed using open surgical or laparoscopic techniques. The minimally invasive percutaneous PD catheter insertion techniques guided by fluoroscopy and ultrasound proved to provide comparable results in terms of catheter survival and dysfunction rates and lower incidence of catheter related peritonitis and leak. Percutaneous insertion by interventional radiologists offers more flexible scheduling and efficiency compared to surgical approaches that require operating room booking and general anesthesia. Here we report a step-by-step guide for percutaneous image-guided PD catheter insertion based on our institutional experience and previous best practice recommendations in the literature.
Operando Assessment of Galvanic Corrosion Between Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy and a Stainless Steel Fastener Using X-ray Tomography
Authors: Rafla Veronica N. , King Andrew D. , Glanvill Sarah , Davenport Alison , Scully John R.
Published: August 2017

Operando x-ray tomography was used to study the galvanic corrosion between aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 and Type 304 stainless steel using a simulated fastener covered with droplets of either 4 M NaCl or 2 M MgCl2. The simulated rivet was an x-ray transparent cylindrical 1 mm pin with a 250 μm diameter rivet hole in the center. The rivet hole was embedded with a 500 μm, in length, stainless steel wire. The rivet hole formed an alkaline crevice between the stainless steel and AA7050-T7451 owing to the proximity of anodic and cathodic sites. The corrosion fissures followed an intragranular path and did not follow bands of intermetallic particles. The x-ray tomography indicated that multiple corrosion fissures propagated over the galvanic couple potential range at all depths examined suggesting the presence of multiple strong proximate cathodes. The volume loss was converted to anodic charge using Faraday’s Law. Cathodic reaction rate studies were conducted on Type 316 stainless steel, copper replated on AA7050, pure Cu, and other matrix secondary phases in simulated crevice environments to assess the ability of each to support fissure corrosion. The substrates for fast cathodic reactions capable of supporting the growth of these fissures were found to be the stainless steel fastener, copper replating on the AA7050-T7451 surface, and dealloyed S-phase. Moreover, removal of the stainless steel fastener stifled fissure growth. The damage morphology assessed with x-ray tomography was compared to laboratory-produced accelerated exposures, as well as field data, and were found to have similar morphologies.
Um mergulho no “Morro do Querosene” e o encontro com os artistas do invisível: reflexões sobre arte, comunidade, afeto e práxis psicossocial
Authors: Dos Santos Lívia Maria Camilo , Sawaia Bader Burihan
Published: August 2017

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre arte e comunidade, com foco na análise das afetações que a cultura popular promove em um bairro.  Vigotski é autor de referência, com sua defesa  do psicológico como fenômeno sócio-histórico, da positividade dos afetos e da concepção de  arte  como a linguagem das emoções. As reflexões partem de pesquisa realizada no “Morro do Querosene”, situado na cidade mais populosa e de maior poder aquisitivo do Brasil, que possui uma história marcada pela arte e cultura. Elas  evidenciam que a cultura popular , quando realizada na rua,  promove encontros que  favorecem  configurações comunitárias, paralelamente à explicitação das contradições e relações de poder que permeiam o cotidiano dos moradores. Os relatos  de dois mestres de expressões culturais diferentes, bumba meu boi e capoeira, sugerem que é possível fazer a vida pessoal e urbana por outras vias, oferecendo subsídios à práxis  psicossocial potencializadora do agir em comum.
Do direito à educação à perspectiva ressocializadora: análise de uma escola pública na penitenciária
Authors: Da Costa Ítalo Aleixo
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo, apresentam-se os resultados de estudos realizados na Escola Estadual Bento XVI, localizada no presídio Doutor Edvaldo Gomes na cidade de Petrolina - PE. Essa atividade se constitui como requisito para a conclusão do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia na Universidade de Pernambuco – Campus Petrolina. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as propostas de ensino da referida instituição, se estavam de acordo com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para oferta de educação de jovens e adultos em situação de privação de liberdade nos estabelecimentos penais. Primeiramente, foi feita uma explanação sobre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Brasil e, em seguida, no âmbito do sistema prisional brasileiro em perspectiva histórica. Por fim, trata-se da educação como proposta política para a ressocialização. Conclui-se que um dos maiores entraves para que de fato aconteça a educação ressocializadora é a falta de incentivo e capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos nesse processo.
Sensitivity of woody carbon stocks to bark investment strategy in Neotropical savannas and forests
Authors: Trugman Anna T. , Medvigy David , Hoffmann William A. , Pellegrini Adam F. A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Fire frequencies are changing in Neotropical savannas and forests as a result of forest fragmentation and increasing drought. Such changes in fire regime and climate are hypothesized to decrease the stability of tropical carbon storage, but there has been little consideration of the widespread variability in tree fire tolerance strategies. To test how aboveground carbon stocks change with fire frequency and community composition, we update the ED2 model with (i) a fire survivorship module based on tree bark thickness (a key fire-tolerance trait across woody plants in savannas and forests), and (ii) plant functional types representative of trees in the region. With these updates, the model is better able to predict how fire frequency affects population demography and aboveground woody carbon. Simulations illustrate that the high survival rate of thick-barked, large trees reduces carbon losses with increasing fire frequency, with high investment in bark being particularly important in reducing losses in the wettest sites. Additionally, in landscapes that frequently burn, bark investment can broaden the range of climate and fire conditions under which savannas occur by reducing the range of conditions leading to either complete tree loss or complete grass loss. These results highlight that woody biomass carbon stocks in the tropics depend not only on changing fire frequencies, but also on tree fire survival strategy. Incorporation of a bark investment strategy in vegetation models holds promise for improving predictions of landscape-level carbon dynamics and savanna distribution, particularly in the context of global climate change.
A World-Systems Frontier Perspective to Land: Exploring the Uneven Trajectory of Land Rights Standardization in the Andes
Authors: Cottyn Hanne
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes a world-systems frontier perspective by approaching frontiers and frontier zones as analytical tools in indicating and understanding the uneven local-global interactions underlying world-systemic incorporation processes. It argues that the notion of frontier can highlight the role of ‘peripheral agency’ in local-global interactions, revealing incorporation as a negotiated process. Based on research on the implementation and contestation of land reforms in Andean peasant communities, this paper applies a world-systems frontier framework to the analysis of historical processes of land rights commodification. An assessment of the formation and reorganization of a centralized land regime in Bolivia over the last five centuries demonstrates how this trajectory was shaped by the interplay of the modernizing aspirations of public authorities and strong communal land claims. This complex (re)negotiation over rights and resources drives the creation and movement of (new) frontiers of land control, materializing in an uneven trajectory of land commodification. The presented frontier perspective is instructive to questions on the expansion, the limits and the contradictions of the capitalist world.
The Centrality of Race to Inequality Across the World-System
Authors: Boatca Manuela
Published: August 2017

While I agree, and have previously argued myself that closer attention should be paid to semiperipheries in terms of their transformative potential, I consider the claim that nonwestern semiperipheries exacerbate and even cause racial/ethnic inequality misleading. In the following, I thus want to caution against what I think are three weak links in the authors’ argument: mistaking visibility for causation, conflating the concept of race with the reality of racism (and its many historical and geopolitical configurations), as well as throwing the baby (white supremacy) out with the bathwater (Western knowledge).I will limit my comments to two aspects. The first one is methodological and concerns the unclear unit of analysis that underlies the authors’ claim for the centrality of non-Western semiperipheries to ethnic/racial inequality. The second aspect is more substantive and targets the relationship between racism and the emergence, functioning, and reproduction of the modern/colonial world system.
Review of Poor States, Power and the Politics of IMF Reform
Authors: Desta Mulatu Amare
Published: August 2017

The book examines the major cases and policy initiatives of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) in the post-Washington consensus. The IMF policy reform invites scholarly debate, different theoretical explanation and practically problem oriented in addressing the LIDCs needs and powerful states interests. Hibben analyses the driving factors of IMF LIDCs reforms and stakeholder interests and policy tools to achieve the objectives in place.  In doing so, even though author presents the book through lenses of various IPE theories, mainly he posits the IMF policy reforms through the frameworks of the Principal Agent, Constructivist, and Historical structural theories.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Smith Jackie , Bair Jennifer , Schroering Caitlin
Published: August 2017

N/A
Metapragmática del humor infantil
Authors: Timofeeva Timofeev Larissa
Published: August 2017

El número monográfico Metapragmática del humor infantil busca contribuir al desarrollo de una vía de investigación todavía poco explorada en España. Se trata del estudio de humor infantil desde la perspectiva lingüística. Las contribuciones que conforman el volumen abordan el análisis de generadores lingüísticos del humor –marcas e indicadores según la nomenclatura del grupo GRIALE (cfr. Ruiz Gurillo 2012: 78-86)– que aparecen en las narraciones escritas de niños y niñas de 8, 10 y 12 años procedentes de cinco colegios de la provincia de Alicante. Estas 448 redacciones de tema humorístico constituyen el germen del corpus CHILDHUM, actualmente en construcción al amparo de varios proyectos de investigación (https://dfelg.ua.es/griale). El humor es concebido en el marco de esta investigación como una habilidad metapragmática cuyo desarrollo a lo largo de la etapa de 8 a 12 años –correspondiente al periodo de educación primaria en el sistema educativo español– tiene su reflejo en los comportamientos humorísticos verbales de los escolares. La determinación de las pautas y las pistas lingüísticas que emplean los niños y las niñas de nuestro estudio en sus creaciones en formato escrito permite establecer patrones madurativos en relación con la competencia humorística, lo cual tiene importantes consecuencias aplicadas. La atención a las diversas variables lingüísticas, psicológicas y sociales en el análisis de la evolución metapragmática del humor durante el periodo estudiado constituye, a su vez, otro valor importante del presente trabajo colectivo.
La expresión de la subjetividad en el humor infantil: elementos valorativos, atenuadores e intensificadores
Authors: Martínez Egido José Joaquín
Published: August 2017

El desarrollo de la competencia metapragmática en general, y del humor verbal en particular, va relacionado con la edad de las personas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la importancia de la subjetividad que presentan los elementos valorativos, intensificadores y atenuadores en la construcción de un discurso narrativo con humor de niños y de niñas de 8 a 12 años. Sobre el corpus textual de estudio, que se compone de 300 redacciones, en primer lugar se analizan los datos cuantitativos sobre el uso y la distribución de esos elementos en la construcción del humor verbal; y, en segundo lugar, se observa cómo esos mismos elementos contribuyen a la creación del humor verbal. El resultado obtenido presenta cómo los elementos analizados contribuyen a la creación del humor y cómo con ellos es posible establecer una relación gradual entre la edad de los emisores y el tipo de producción humorística.
'Tope (de)' + adjetivo: un elemento innovador en el paradigma de la superlación en español actual
Authors: Serradilla Castaño Ana
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de los usos de tope (de) + adjetivo en español; así, en primer lugar, se presta atención a las posibles causas por las que este término ha pasado a adquirir un valor elativo; a continuación, se analiza su presencia en español actual –atendiendo a la variación diatópica y a los registros en que se utiliza– a través de un importante corpus de datos y de las conclusiones extraídas de una serie de encuestas realizadas a hablantes peninsulares. También se analizan los contextos y estructuras en los que puede aparecer y se concluye que tope participa en construcciones en principio solo reservadas a los elativos morfológicos y que está inmerso en un proceso de gramaticalización aún no finalizado, pues, aunque responde a parámetros como la decategorización, la fijación o la paradigmatización, no se da una total coalescencia con el adjetivo al que modifica.
A LEITURA DE HORKHEIMER DA CRISE DA RAZÃO – UM ADENDO AO ANÚNCIO DE HUSSERL?
Authors: Manzi Ronaldo Filho
Published: August 2017

Em 1935-1936, Husserl afirma que vivemos em uma crise da Razão. Essa crise seria resultado da forma em que a objetividade científica colonizou as ciências em geral, levando-nos a uma racionalidade completamente desligada de nossas vidas. Para Husserl, o sentido da Razão foi instaurado pelos gregos e desde então ela teria se desvirtuado, chegando, na contemporaneidade, em uma crise. Partindo dessa constatação, em 1947, Horkheimer reafirma que vivemos em uma crise e escreve uma história da Razão muito próxima da apresentada por Husserl. Esse artigo visa mostrar se a posição de Horkheimer em relação ao problema da Razão seria apenas um “comentário” da obra husserliana, ou se Horkheimer teria nos apresentado algo novo.
Estilo de vida e trabalho de crianças e adolescentes em Programas Saúde da Família
Authors: Silveira Renata Cristina da Penha , Robazzi Maria Lúcia Do Carmo Cruz
Published: August 2017

O objetivo desta investigação foi analisar o estilo de vida e trabalho de crianças e adolescentes cadastrados em Programas de Saúde da Família de cidade do interior paulista. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e transversal, em que crianças e adolescentes foram entrevistados por questionário socioeconômico e laboral e o instrumento Estilo de Vida Fantástico. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS, versão 19.0. De 168 entrevistados, a maioria era menina (51,8%), com média de idade de 12,79 anos; parda (50%); residente em habitações populares (73,8%) e sem estudar (28,5%); 14% trabalhavam e 84 famílias recebiam auxílio do Programa Bolsa Família. Quanto ao estilo de vida e trabalho, não houve diferença significativa (Z=0,87; p=0,39). O estudo mostrou que mesmo trabalhando, estudando e ajudando os familiares em tarefas domésticas, os entrevistados possuíam tempo para brincar e se divertir e sentir felicidade, indicando que o trabalho não influenciou em seu estilo de vida.
Facilitating the analysis of the multifocal electroretinogram using the free software environment R
Authors: Bergholz Richard , Rossel Mirjam , Dutescu Ralf M. , Vöge Klaas P. , Salchow Daniel J.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

The large amount of data rendered by the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) can be analyzed and visualized in various ways. The evaluation and comparison of more than one examination is time-consuming and prone to create errors. Using the free software environment R we developed a solution to average the data of multiple examinations and to allow a comparison of different patient groups.

Methods:

Data of single mfERG recordings as exported in .csv format from a RETIport 21 system (version 7/03, Roland Consult) or manually compiled .csv files are the basis for the calculations. The R software extracts response densities and implicit times of N1 and P1 for the sum response, each ring eccentricity, and each single hexagon. Averages can be calculated for as many subjects as needed. The mentioned parameters can then be compared to another group of patients or healthy subjects. Application of the software is illustrated by comparing 11 patients with chloroquine maculopathy to a control group of 7 healthy subjects.

Results:

The software scripts display response density and implicit time 3D plots of each examination as well as of the group averages. Differences of the group averages are presented as 3D and grayscale 2D plots. Both groups are compared using the t-test with Bonferroni correction. The group comparison is furthermore illustrated by the average waveforms and by boxplots of each eccentricity.

Conclusions:

This software solution on the basis of the programming language R facilitates the clinical and scientific use of the mfERG and aids in interpretation and analysis.