bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Storage towards Oxidation Stability and Physical Properties of Biodiesel from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)
Authors: Widarti S , Budiastuti H , Prasetyani T , Adhiawardana S
Published: November 2019

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel machines, forming from vegetable oil, animal fat, and cooking oil. The use of biodiesel increases with the enactment of Indonesian Ministerial Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12/2015, which requires the use of biodiesel (B100) by 20% in motorized vehicles, starting from January 2016. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of the vegetable oil industry, that can be converted into biodiesel. PFAD used in this research was obtained from the Palm Oil Plantation Research Center of North Sumatra, with free fatty acid content of 95.2 %mol. PFAD, which was converted to biodiesel through an esterification reaction is 99.6%, with molar ratio of PFAD:Methanol of 1: 9 and addition of sulfuric acid catalyst of 0.6% v/v methanol. Analysis of oxidative stability in biodiesel was carried out using Rancimat method. Biodiesel stored for approximately one month has an Induction Period (IP) of 5.25 hours, decreases from 6.15 hours without storage. Storage time for biodiesel can be extended by the addition of antioxidant X. In terms of economy, the optimum antioxidant X concentration added to biodiesel is 0.06 ppm. Biodiesel stored for approximately one month with addition of 0.06 ppm antioxidant X, has an Induction Period (IP) of 6.34 hours. Reaction rate constant of antioxidant X in biodiesel at temperature of 110°C is 0.0042 m−1 and the critical concentration of antioxidant X at 110°C is 7.618 × 10−6 M.
Effect of Extraction Time on Tannin Antioxidant Level and Flavonoid on Pandan Wangi Leaf (Pandanusamary llifolius Roxb) Using Hydrothermal Extractor
Authors: Dewi A L , Siregar V D , Kusumayanti H
Published: November 2019

Pandanus leaf (Pandanus Amaryllifolius) is one of the plants that have chemical content in the form of tannins, saponins, polyphenols (phenolics), alkaloids and flavonoids that can be used as antioxidants.The research that is done is total tannin and alkaloid test on pandan leaves. The purpose of this reseach was to determine the effect of extraction time on the amount of tannin and alkaloids in pandan leaves. In the tannin and alkaloids test, the extraction of pandan leaves was first used hydrothermal extract with 60°C temperature in 60 minutes using aquadest solvent with variation of extraction time 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Tannin content of 0.2%; 0.8%; 2.5%; 6.2%; 7.1% and flavonoid levels of 2.05%; 2.36%; 4.44%; 0.78%; 0.34%. From the results of reseach showed that the longer the extraction time, the more tannin content produced. While flavonoids have optimum time at 40 minute extraction time. Optimal tannin content obtained by using aquades solvent is the time of extraction for 60 minutes, while the optimum flavonoid content at the time of extraction 40 minutes.
Effect of ozone exposure time and ozonated water replacement to control the quality of chicken meat
Authors: Karamah E F , Adi S Z , Wajdi N
Published: November 2019

Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional in 2015 stated that Indonesia ranks as the third country with the largest consumption of chicken meat per year (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2015). Ozone is able to effectively disinfect micropolutant (Loeb, et al., 2012) and Escherichia coli (Driedger, et al., 2001) in drinking water. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the performance of the ozone exposure time and water replacement in controlling the quality of chicken meat. Ozone generator used has production and number of solubility in water around 523,67mg/hr and 0,21mg/L. The variations evaluated in this study are ozone exposure time (40, 80, and 120 minutes) and the replacement of ozonated water (twice, thrice and no replacement). The evaluated parameters were Escherichia coli, total mesophyll hyll aerobic (TBMA), protein content, pH, and water content. On the seventh day storage at 120 minutes of ozone exposure time, it was able to disinfect Escherichia coli and TBMA as much as 1.700 and 9,4×108 CFU/g, while on the replacement water every 40 minutes 1,700 and 1,1×109 CFU/g more than blank. While the levels of protein, moisture content, and pH on the variation of exposure time and replacement of water respectively of 17,45%; 79,85%; 4,95 and 15,70%; 80,61%; 4,91.
The Potential of Oil Palm Leaf Fibre in Paper-making Industry
Authors: Soloi S , Hou E K Z
Published: November 2019

Utilization of agro-based fibre for paper making has been the subject of interest in order to expand the usage of renewable resources as well as reduced the dependence on wood pulp. As one of the major countries in palm oil production, some of the waste from the oil palm plantation like the oil palm fronds, empty fruit bunches, and its leaf is a potential source of non-wood industry which can be used as raw material in the paper industry manufacture. This study was done to examine the potential of palm leaves to be used as a raw material of non-wood resources in the papermaking industry. In this study, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pulping and process was employed to investigate the effectiveness of lignin removal for good fibre production. The concentration of the pulping agent was fixed at 7% at treatment of 1-7 hours to investigate the best condition for defibrillation of the cellulose fibre. Based on this study, it was found that the soda pulping produces fibre that can be molded into paper sheet without any binding agent. The morphology of the fibre observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that, soda pulping fiber consist of individual micro fibrils that are well separated. Both tensile strength and tear index gives highest value at 1.93 kg/cm2 and 37 Nm2/kg respectively at 7 hours treatment time. his reflects that lignin removal effectively occurred in soda pulping. Tensile strength found to increases with treatment time and both tensile strength and tear index of the paper falls within the value comparable to commerical non-wood paper. The paper produced has rough surface and has the potential to be develop for craft paper.
Analysis and comparison of olive cooking oil and palm cooking oil properties as biodiesel feedstock
Authors: Sarjadi M S , Ling T C , Khan M S
Published: November 2019

Biodiesel was utilized as an alternative source of renewable energy to counter the shortcomings of fossil fuels. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of olive cooking oils and palm cooking oil were analysed as biodiesel feedstock based on density, specific gravity, acid value, free fatty acid content (FFA), saponification value and peroxide value. The analysis results were compared according to ASTM and EN standards. Olive cooking oil A, olive cooking oil B and palm cooking oil have densities of 895 kg/m3, 897 kg/m3 and 904 kg/m3, respectively. The specific gravities of olive cooking oil A, olive cooking oil B and palm cooking oil were 0.88, 0.88 and 0.89 respectively. Olive cooking oil A, olive cooking oil B and palm cooking oil have acid value of 0.45 mg KOH/g ± 0.02 mg KOH/g with 0.23 % ± 0.01 % FFA, 0.41 mg KOH/g ± 0.02 mg KOH/g with 0.21 % ± 0.01 % FFA and 1.08 mg KOH/g ± 0.07 mg KOH/g with 0.54 % ± 0.04 % FFA, respectively. Palm cooking oil has high acid value exceeded the standard limit; thus, it requires FFA reduction before transesterification. The saponification values of olive cooking oil A, olive cooking oil B and palm cooking oil were 187.93 mg KOH/g ± 1.40 mg KOH/g, 188.40 mg KOH/g ± 0.81 mg KOH/g and 198.22 mg KOH/g ± 0.81 mg KOH/g respectively. The peroxide values obtained for olive cooking oil A, olive cooking oil B and palm cooking oil were 8.00 meq/kg ± 2.00 meq/kg, 8.00 meq/kg ± 2.00 meq/kg and 6.00 meq/kg ± 2.00 meq/kg, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done and the functional groups present in all oil samples were analysed.
Macrofouling Development on Artificial Structure at Karambunai Bay, Sabah Malaysia
Authors: Affandy M A M , Madin J , Jakobsen K P , Auluck M
Published: November 2019

This study investigates macrofouling development on PVC panels deployed in Karambunai, Sabah. The experimental setup includes two sets of connected PVC pipes, framed in a triangular shape, attached to concrete blocks deployed on the seafloor and kept afloat vertically underwater. The first set (upper) of frame positioned 2 m below the surface whereas the second set (bottom) attached 8 m below it. A total of 36 PVC plates measuring 20 cm x 27 cm were tied on each three sides of the two sets of frames. To investigate monthly macrofouling development, three panels were taken from each side of the two frames. This experiment lasted 180 days, starting from end of April to October 2017. As a result, a total of ten different species were identified growing on the front side and the back side of the plates at 2 m and 8 m. The total biomass of macrofouling assemblages at 2 m and 8 m had a significant (P<0.05) positive correlation (0.89), suggesting that there was no significant difference of total biomass between two different depths. For macrofouling community, diversity indices showed similar values for both sides of the plates at 2 m and 8 m, indicating that depth and plate orientation had no influence on the distribution pattern of macrofouling growth.
The Monitoring of Harmful Algae Blooms in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Jipanin S J , Shaleh S R Muhamad , Lim P T , Leaw C P , Mustapha S
Published: November 2019

The first record of harmful algae bloom (HAB) in Sabah was in 1976 where 202 victims were reported to be suffering from Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) and 7 deaths. The causative organism was Pyrodinium bahamense, a dinoflagellate which produces saxitoxin. Since then, Department of Fisheries Sabah has been doing monitoring to safeguard seafood safety, especially shellfish harvested for food consumption. Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom for the first time in Sabah in year 2005 where Kota Kinabalu and Tuaran experienced fish kill. Since then, other HAB species such as Gymnodinium catenatum, Gonyaulax polygramma and Noctiluca scintillans were identified in waters of Sabah. Sabah is the only state in Malaysia in which the monitoring program is done consistently throughout the year since 1976. Samples were collected once or twice a month, according to high and low risks areas which have been identified, most of which are in the west coast. The collection frequency may be increased depending on the situation such as whether there is an outbreak of red tide or PSP in the area. Due to this effort, PSP cases involving the public have declined during the last 40 years without duly affecting the income of fishermen and the fisheries industry. After successfully implementing toxin monitoring between 1984 to 2013, it recurred back in 2013 when 3 deaths were reported. The purpose of this paper is to review all HABs incidences that occured in Sabah over the last few years from January 2000 – December 2017.
Modification in Structural Properties of Erbium-doped Zinc – Sodium Tellurite Glass: Effect of Bimetallic Cu/Ti Nanoparticles
Authors: Kamarudin K , Awang A , Dayou J
Published: November 2019

The effect of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural and optical properties of tellurite glass doped with Cu/Ti NPs are reported. A series of glass with composition of (70–x–y) TeO2–20ZnO–9Na2O–1Er2O3–(x)CuO–(y)TiO2 (where x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.04 mol%, y = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.04 mol%) are synthesized by using melt-quenching method. The structure and optical properties of tellurite glass containing Cu/Ti NPs are identified by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) technique and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD spectra show the nature of glass and the grain size. The SEM images shows the surface morphology and EDX spectra show the traces of C, O, Te, Na, Zn, Au, Er, Ti and Cu elements. FTIR spectra show the chemical bonding of constituent atom in glass matrix primarily the Zn2+ vibration, Cu (II)–O bonding, Te–O bending in term of TeO3 and TeO4 units, Cu–H stretching and O–H vibration of water group.
AGE Iterative Method with First-Order Quadrature Scheme for Fuzzy Fredholm Integral Equations of Second Kind
Authors: Ali Labiyana Hanif , Sulaiman Jumat , Hashim Siti Rahayu Mohd
Published: November 2019

In this study, we propose Alternating Group Explicit (AGE) iterative method to solve the problem of linear fuzzy Fredholm integral equations of the second kind (FFIE-2) based on Trapezoidal quadrature rule. First, we generate a system of linear equations by using approximation equations. Next, we use AGE iterative method to solve the generated linear system of FFIE-2. Then, we illustrate the applicability of AGE iterative method on some numerical examples. Finally, we do the comparison to test the efficiency of AGE with Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel (GS) iterative method based on three parameters: number of iterations, execution time and Hausdorff distance. From our findings, we found that AGE is a better iterative method compared with Jacobi and GS to solve FFIE-2.
Using the Geographical Information System (GIS) Methods in Determination of Landuse Changes at Batu Sapi, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Isnain Z , Said S J
Published: November 2019

The study area is in the southwestern part of the Sandakan city center bounded by latitude 05° 48’ until 05° 52’ N and longitude 117° 58’ until 118° 03’ E and covers the area of 100km2. The study area comprises the Sandakan Formation which is overlain by the Quaternary Alluvium. The landuse changes is done through the Geographical Information System (GIS) method by using the ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System) software. There are four main stages involved in the GIS method to produce the thematic maps. Landuse map of the year 1980 and 2010 have been used to study the changes at the study area. The results show the percentage of urban area coverage have increased, while the village area have the highest percentage of land diminution. So, with the model of the evolution of landuse, it calls for landuse planning in the study area is more sustainable in the future.
An Empirical Evaluation on the Financial Performance of the Companies in Malaysia with Z Score Model
Authors: Subramaniam Kavitha , Siew Lam Weng , Hoe Lam Weng , Wai Chen Jia
Published: November 2019

Most companies wish to achieve financial stable condition and good financial performance. The companies with unstable financial condition will face bankruptcy. Financial ratios analysis is very important for evaluation on the financial performance of the companies. The Z score model has been introduced to evaluate the financial performance of the companies based on the financial ratios analysis. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the financial performance of the companies in Malaysia with Z score model. Besides that, the significant financial ratios that will be affecting the Z score are identified in this study with regression model. The data of this study consists of the financial ratio of some financial variables for 18 financial sector companies that listed in Malaysian stock market. The results of this study show that the financial condition of the companies is identified whether the companies are in safe zone, grey zone or financially distressed based on the Z score. The companies with Z score below 1.81 indicate the companies are financially distressed whereas the Z score above 2.99 indicates the companies are in safe zone. The companies with Z score between 1.81 and 2.99 indicate the companies are in grey zone and need to be observed. This study is significant because it will predict the solvency of the companies and further promote economic growth in Malaysia.
Optimal medicinal cupping points selection for asthma disease via graph colouring: a preliminary study
Authors: Yusof Yuhani binti , Mohamad Mohd Shambin , Adzhar Noraziah , Hanafi Nurfatihah Mohamad , Elizabeth Marta , Abu Bakar Muhamad Faiz , Ibrahim Mohd Adhha
Published: November 2019

Medicinal cupping is a traditional therapy which used by applying a cup on acu-points or cupping points and the pressure inside the cup is reduced so that the skin and superficial muscle layer is drawn into and held in the cup. Since all diseases and pains have their specific area to be cupped, most cupping practitioners usually recognize the cupping points based upon the disease and the patient’s complaints. Hence, they will randomly choose the points upon request due to the money constraint. However, there is no mathematical approach on guaranteeing the handy method is optimized. Thus, in this paper, a graph model is proposed on finding the optimal number of cupping points for asthma disease via graph colouring approach. This mathematical model will further benefit to the biomathematics and medical fields, especially to the industrial cupping practitioners.
The application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach to solve multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems
Authors: Mahad N F , Yusof NMohamed , Ismail N F
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) approach to solve multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. MCDM is a process which involves a decision maker or a group of decision makers to evaluate and to choose the best alternatives based on the criteria decided by the decision maker(s). A real-life empirical example about supplier selection is used to implement the FAHP method. The objectives of the study are: (1) to implement FAHP approach with different linguistic scales to solve MCDM problems; and (2) to compare the relative weights of each alternative with respect to the criterion that was computed using different linguistic scales. There are three sets of scales denoted as S1, S2 and S3 used in this paper. Four criteria which are delivery, price, service and payment terms and three alternatives which are Supplier A, Supplier B and Supplier C has been considered in this study. The first objective is achieved since FAHP can be used to solve the MCDM problems. Meanwhile, for second objective, the Coefficient of Variations (CV) has been used to do the comparison. The findings revealed that scale S2 is the most preferable linguistic scale for this case study.
Analysis of unqualified factors and evaluation methods of Thickness of reinforcement cover
Authors: Yang Yan
Published: November 2019

Thickness of reinforcement cover is an important index to measure the durability of structure. It is difficult to measure the thickness of steel bar protective layer and to control the quality of steel bar protective layer. From design, construction and testing evaluation,this paper puts forward the deviation of the definition of the thickness of steel bar protective layer, and analyzes the factors affecting the fabrication,installation and testing standards.The design optimization, construction control and quality evaluation criteria based on mathematical statistics method are put forward. Through a series ofmeasurementsto improve the thickness index of bridge reinforcement protection layer, a scientific and complete evaluation system is established, and the quality acceptance criteria and detection methods are unified.It has a certain guiding role in construction selfinspection and project acceptance.
Optimized Design of Operating Mechanism for Planetary Steering Machine of Tracked Vehicle
Authors: Guo-qiang LI , Xing-ye Wang
Published: November 2019

Due to the limitation of the structure and working principle of the steering device of the secondary planetary steering machine, it is impossible to adjust the braking force of the small brake and the steering radius on the basis of the first position. It is difficult to correct the direction accurately when driving at high speed, which affects the performance of the vehicle. The steering device of a tracked vehicle is analyzed. In order to solve the problems, a hydraulic control device was designed, and the tracked vehicle was reformed. The improved prototype was tested and the steering radius could be adjusted steplessly in a large radius range.
Numerical Analysis on Post-enhancing Method Used in Soft Soil with Concrete Mini-Pile
Authors: Liu Haitao
Published: November 2019

Post-enhancing Method with concrete mini-pile is a new way to strengthen sub grade. The displacement and pore pressure of the soft soil during construction are studied in this paper through numerical simulation. The figures of development of subgrade deformation and sub water pore pressure show that there is a comprehensive function in post-strengthen foundation with small concrete pile.
Analysis of Implicit Carbon Emissions in Sino-EU Carbonintensive Products Trade Based on Input-Output Model
Authors: Liu Xukai
Published: November 2019

In recent years, with the continuous deepening of China-EU trade partnership, EU countries have imported and consumed a large number of carbon-intensive products from China. In order to analyze the changes in China’s carbon dioxide emissions caused by China’s export of a large number of carbon-intensive products to the EU, this paper estimates the implied carbon emissions generated by the trade of carbon-intensive products between China and the EU by establishing the input-output models of China and the EU respectively. The results show that the future carbon emissions of China-EU carbon-intensive products will grow at a slower rate, which is due to the continued decline in China’s carbon intensity.
Review of research on anaerobic fermentation of food waste
Authors: Liu Qing , Lou Feng , Geng Jianhua , Li Yan , Gao Feng
Published: November 2019

Food waste (FW) is one of the most important components of municipal solid waste, including household food waste, food processing waste, canteens and restaurant waste. The accumulation of FW has gradually become a global problem. The FW has the characteristics of high organic matter content, high moisture content, easy spoilage and deterioration, and is easy to produce toxins and malodorous gases during transportation and treatment, thereby polluting the environment. Anaerobic digestion can effectively recover energy from organic waste, and is a common method of handling FW. Anaerobic fermentation techniques, including traditional anaerobic digestion and two-phase anaerobic digestion, are common methods for handling FW. This paper describes the current status of these two methods in FW treatment.
Case analysis of gas pipeline network reform project-The gas system of Changling county
Authors: Zhang Ximing , Zhao LinJie , Yang JinChao
Published: November 2019

With the call of energy saving and emission reduction, natural gas, as a kind of clean energy with abundant green and environmental reserves, has gradually become the main source of domestic fuel for Chinese residents. The urban gas pipeline network system has also become a part of the urban basic service facilities, providing energy for the city. The safe operation of the gas pipeline network is closely related to the daily production and life of the people. Because of the economic and other reasons, there are many old gas pipelines in the central city of Changling County. In addition, there is no effective renewal for a long time. These pipelines are running ill, the overall gas distribution is seriously reduced, and there is a leakage phenomenon. There are great potential safety hazards, which also causes a great waste of energy. Therefore, in this context, the government of Changling County takes active measures to solve the problem of the old gas pipeline network in the central city, and promotes the task of gas pipeline network transformation.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil Surrounding a Company in Jiaxing, China
Authors: Liu Ting-ting , Yan Ying-ping
Published: November 2019

The content of eight elements of Sb, Cu, Co, Pb, As, Ni, Cd and Cr in soil samples in the northwest direction at different horizontal distance and depth under the prevailing wind and southeast of China was determined by the 500m soil in the vicinity of an automobile parts company in Jiaxing. The soil accumulation index and potential ecological hazard index were used to assess the risk of heavy metal pollution. The results show that: there are four kinds of heavy metals in the surface soil which are higher than the national soil background value, in which Sb and Cd heavy metal elements generally exceed the standard value, but there is no obvious law of the concentration distribution in the plane, and human activities have a strong disturbance to the heavy metal in the region, but the wind direction has little The soil Cd around the auto parts company have reached a very polluted level, Sb reaches medium-strong pollution, Ni, As, Pb, Co, Cu, Cr Five kinds of heavy metals are mild-medium, and the pollution degree of each metal does not decrease with the increase of soil depth, and there is no regularity in longitudinal distribution. As, Although the carcinogenic risk of two kinds of heavy metals in Ni is acceptable, there are potential carcinogenic risks, which should be controlled and given high attention and prevention.
Effect of Bagging on Fruit Quality of Three Pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) Cultivars
Authors: Wang Yan , Fu Xiaoke , He Wen , Chen Qing , Ma Jianying , Wang Xiaorong
Published: November 2019

In this study, the effect of bagging on fruit quality of three pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) cultivars was evaluated in order to provide basis for high-quality and high-efficient cultivation of pummelo cultivars. Seven bagging times was set at 35, 50, 65, 80, 95, 110, and 125 days after flowering (DAF). Different bagging treatments all effectively improved the external fruit quality, such as beautiful peel color and smooth oil vacuole. The weight per fruit, longitudinal and transverse diameter revealed decrease trends along with the delay of bagging times. In addition, bagging treatments somewhat decreased the content of internal quality, including total soluble solid, vitamin C and sugar, being significantly lower than that in control check. Taking the external and internal fruit quality into consideration, we determined the appropriate bagging times for three cultivars. The best bagging time was at 35, 80, and 65 days after flowering for ‘Sanhongmiyou’, ‘Hongroumiyou’ and ‘Huangjinmiyou’, respectively. It will provide effective basis for bagging treatments in the pummelo producing area.
Research Progress of Membrane Bioreactor in Organic Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Chen Yuchao , Yuan Yuhang , Dong Kun , Li Xiangmin , Li Haixiang
Published: November 2019

The paper expounds the membrane bioreactor (MBR) working principle, process type and technical characteristics, and reviews the application of membrane bioreactor in the treatment of petrochemical wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, printing wastewater in recent years, and summarizes and analyzes the problems in the application of the MBR and the solutions. Finally, the future research on the membrane bioreactor treatment of organic industrial wastewater is prospected.
Effect of Different Green Space Types on PM10 Concentration in Air - Taking the Campus of Hunan University of Science and Technology as an Example
Authors: liu Bingyou , Wang Jieming , Wang Chenyang , Li Ruixue , Peng Wengang
Published: November 2019

The daily andmonthly weather changes of PM10 in different types of green space on campus were detected, and the effects of different types of green space on PM10 concentration were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the effects of different green space types of PM10 were significant in one day, but not in one year. At the same time, season has a significant effect on the air PM 10 concentration. Green space types have a significant effect on PM 10 concentration on one year.
Study on Smoke Temperature Variation and Heat Field of Soundable CYO
Authors: Zhan Jianbo , Wang Hao , Yu Zhenhua , Zheng Han , Li Geng , Zhang Ying , Li Liwei , Wang Tao , Xie Jiao , Yu Tingting , Yue Baoshan , Wang Xu , Yu Jiang
Published: November 2019

In order to solve the shortcomings of cigarette auditory stimulation, this paper focuses on the design of soundable connector components, and studies the influence of the connector on smoke temperature. The smoke temperature change of the splicer and filter are simulated by using ISO smoking model and ANSYS simulation software. The simulation results show that the temperature of CO and nicotine decreases sharply after going through the connector, and the temperature drops to room temperature when it arrives at the filter rod. The connector has the effect of reducing the temperature of smoke.
Comparison and Analysis of Solar Position from Three Astronomical Planetary Ephemeris
Authors: Ma Lihua , Wang Xiaolan , Hu Chao , Qiao Qiyuan
Published: November 2019

Some astronomical phenomena including eclipse, transit, planetary conjunction and opposition are closely related to position of the Sun. Solar position directly determines the time when these phenomena occur. The premise of calculating these phenomena is to calculate the solar position. With astronomical planetary ephemeris, the solar position at any one time can be obtained. In this present paper, three astronomical ephemeris is used to calculate the solar position, with emphasis on position difference of the Sun. The results show remarkable inconsistencies existing in three ephemeris. The maximum difference of right ascension and declination for the Sun reaches 45 arcseconds and 41 arcseconds, respectively.
Design of Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment Control System
Authors: Yin Qi , Zhu Yunlong , Shreka Majed
Published: November 2019

It is very important to treat the desulphurization wastewater caused by the flue gas desulphurization process of the marine diesel engine. In this paper, the desulfurization wastewater discharged from the sodium-alkali seawater desulfurization system was studied and a desulfurization wastewater treatment control system based on Siemens PLC was designed. The monitoring system consisted of the machine side touch screen and the remote host computer. It was used to monitor the operation of the control system in real time, store system data, and display reports, curves, alarms, and other information. Furthermore, the automation of aeration, dosing, flotation, scraping, water quality monitoring, and discharge in the process of desulfurization wastewater treatment was realized by using this system.
A Cost-effective Method to Fabricate a Super-non-wetting Self-cleaning Transparent Emulsion Paint Coating
Authors: Li Yanwen , Chen Wenjie , Qu Jian , Qin Jie , Zhang Tao , Zhang Weidong
Published: November 2019

The procedure to fabricate an industrially-producible, practically-applicable and easily-reconstructible transparent paint coating with luminescence is introduced step- -by-step in this paper. Without chemical modification, an ultrahydrophobic transparent paint coating with luminescence can be readily created using cost-effective commercially available materials. Grinding the ultrahydrophobic transparent paint coating surfaces using appropriate emery papers can generate appropriate surface roughness and thereby endows the coating surfaces with super-non-wettability and self-cleaning property. The applications of the coating to the external walls of buildings can provide the walls with self-cleaning property, decorate the walls and save outdoor illumination power during the night.
Experimental Research on The Coupling Effect of Hole Plate Size and Initial Pressure on The Pressure of Methane-Air Explosion
Authors: Chen Fan-dong , Ma Yun-long , Yang Guang-yu , Liu Yi-ping
Published: November 2019

In order to study the effects of different orifice sizes and initial pressures on the explosion process of methane-air mixture, the explosion tests of methane-air mixture were carried out under different orifice sizes (16mm-160mm) and initial pressures (0kPa-50kPa) using PTB pipeline experimental device. The experimental results show that with the decrease of orifice size and the increase of initial pressure, the maximum explosion pressure of methane-air increases. The maximum explosion pressure is 5 times of the minimum explosion pressure in the limit state. The coupling effect of orifice size and initial pressure on explosion pressure is greater than effect of single factor. Finally, the influence surface is drawn to describe the relationship between the size of orifice plate and the initial pressure and the maximum explosion pressure of methane-air mixture.
Study on Extracting Avocado Oil from Avocado Pulp by Aqueous Extraction
Authors: Li Yahui , Liu Yijun , Deng Dongyan , Liang Jiemin , Chen Weituan , Chen Xinyi , Li Jihua
Published: November 2019

The optimum process for extracting avocado oil from avocado pulp was studied by using water method. The effects of material-liquid ratio, temperature, and time and pH value on oil extraction rate and oil recovery rate were studied. The optimum extraction conditions of avocado oil were determined by orthogonal test, and the physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition were analysed. The results showed: material-liquid ratio of 1:3 g/mL, extraction temperature of 75 °C, extraction time of 150 min, pH of 8 could be obtained on the optimal extraction conditions, and the oil extraction rate and the oil recovery rate of avocado oil were 78.95%, 37.21%, respectively. The acid value of avocado oil is 0.86 mg / g, the iodine value is 154.41 g / 100g, the saponification value is 198.0 g / 100g, water and volatile matter is 0.13%. The main fatty acid composition of avocado oils were oleic acid (71.93%), palmitic acid (13.33%), linoleic acid (8.51%), palm oil Acid (5.28%), total unsaturated fatty acid content 85.72%.
Research on durability and microscopic mechanisms of the portland slag cement stabilized soil under carbonation condition
Authors: Sun Fayin , Wang Jiye , Xu Hongfei , Zhu Debin
Published: November 2019

In this study, physical-mechanical properties and microscopic characteristics of the slag Portland cement stabilized soil and the normal Portland cement stabilized soil after carbonization were investigated and compared through carbonization depth tests, unconfined compression tests, XRD and SEM tests. Results showed that carbonation depth of the slag Portland cement stabilized soil was lower than that of the normal Portland cement stabilized soil on each carbonization stage. Results of XRD and SEM tests showed that the normal Portland cement stabilized soil were decomposed into Cal after carbonization, which lead to loosened structure and strength retrogression.
Effects of abscisic acid on soluble sugar content of Perilla frutescens seedlings under cadmium stress
Authors: Fan Zhonghan , Huang Zhi , Lin Lijin , Hu Rongping
Published: November 2019

The experiment aimed to study the effects of abscisic acid on soluble sugar content of Perilla frutescens seedlings under cadmium stress. The leaves of P. frutescens were foliage sprayed with different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 μmol·L−1) of ABA under cadmium stress (10 mgkg−1). The results showed that the soluble sugar content in root, stem and shoot increased with the ABA concentration increasing at first, and then decreased. The soluble sugar content in leaf decreased with the ABA concentration increasing. The soluble sugar content in root and stem peaked when the ABA concentration was 5 pmol-L−1, which increased by 8.11% and 19.87% compared to the ABA concentration was 0 pmol-L−1, respectively. And the soluble sugar content in leaf peaked when the ABA concentration was 1 pmol-L−1, which increased by 1.04%. In conclusion, appropriate concentration of ABA could increase the soluble sugar content of P. frutescens under cadmium stress, and alleviated the stress of cadmium on P. frutescens seedlings to some extent.
Study on Mechanical Behavior of High Pressure Heater Tubesheet 20MnMoNb
Authors: Yannan Du , Bin Ren , Longxian Liu , Xiaoying Tang , Xiaolong Xue , Weiping Zhu , Weiping Ouyang
Published: November 2019

20MnMoNb alloy steel is a structural steel for forgings with good mechanical properties, which is typically used in the manufacture of pressure vessel tube sheets. The mechanical properties of 20MnMoNb at different temperatures were systematically studied. It is shown that the 20MnMoNb material has the good high temperature resistance. With the increase of temperature, the yield strength and tensile strength of the material have little difference. The tensile strength is nearly 800MPa at high temperature, and the yield strength is about 643MPa, which could meet the complex working environment of the high pressure heaters. It is helpful to improve the accuracy of analytical design results and provide a data base for the revision of subsequent material standards.
Antioxidant activity of extracts from Uncaria scandens
Authors: Zhang Fulu , Yang Aimei , Ma Songyao , Shang Huilan , Wang Zhihui
Published: November 2019

The anti-oxidation activity of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts from ethanol extract of Uncaria scandens were studied, using DPPH free radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and total reducing power determination. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Uncaria scandens has strong antioxidant activity, especially the DPPH free radical scavenging ability, which is similar to the positive control vitamin C.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Effect of Different Components of Bacillus licheniformis on Globinase
Authors: Song Zurong , Feng Xuehua , Tao Ali , Chen Tao
Published: November 2019

To replace the globin with blood globulin powder made from pig blood, to explore the enzymatic hydrolysis effect of different components of Bacillus licheniformis on globinase, and provide evidence for further development and utilization of pig blood. Orthogonal test was carried out by using different reaction temperature, substrate concentration, reaction time and pH value. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized, and the optimum conditions were determined by enzymatic hydrolysis. The components of the strain were determined by one-way experiment. Through this experiment, it was found that the five stages after the separation and purification of the protease from Bacillus licheniformis passed through the ultrafiltration membrane, and the component of 50-100 nm has the best enzymatic hydrolysis effect with globin. The 50-100 nm segmentation of Bacillus licheniformis by ultrafiltration separation has the best globin enzymatic hydrolysis effect. It can be screened for deep processing of pig blood, which has great application prospects for pig blood processing and environmental protection in China.
Development of Drawing Program of Borehole Histogram Based on Delphi
Authors: Yu Liu , Lei Zhang , Zhengjun Huang , Dong Zhang
Published: November 2019

Borehole data is basic in geological analysis in oilfield, geological and engineering exploration, and civil engineering departments, while the histogram that can visually represent borehole data is very important for extracting geological information and guide related work in the later stage. This paper develops the borehole chart automatic drawing program under Windows through the summary analysis of quantities of borehole data, based on the Delphi development platform, using the object-oriented programming method. This program can not only automate the mapping of single borehole histograms, but compare the porous histograms to draw the stratigraphic curve, so as to analyze the connection of different rock strata and their possible geological structures.
Research on Evaluation Indicator of Effective Assets Investment Efficiency of Power Grid Enterprises under Lean Operation Mode
Authors: Yang Kan , Lu Yanchao , Lu Xiaofen , Zhu Yaoqi , Zhang Yihong
Published: November 2019

In 2019, State Grid Corporation proposed the strategic goal of “three-type, two-network, world-class”, requiring all units to focus on the company’s investment effectiveness and focus on promoting the high-quality development of the company and the power grid. Based on the analysis of the electricity reform policy and the company’s strategy, this paper establishes an effective asset investment performance evaluation index for the three-tier power grid enterprises in provinces, cities and counties. Through the research on the quantitative method of indicators, a three-level evaluation model of provinces, cities and counties was established to support the evaluation of investment effectiveness of power grid enterprises. This paper takes the province, city and county three-level units as an example, and extracts data to measure and verify. The evaluation results objectively reflect the effectiveness of power grid assets investment of power supply companies at all levels, and propose investment management based on the calculation results.
Research on the Development Strategy of Rural Logistics in China Post
Authors: Wendong Chen , Wei Huang , Ruijie Zhang , Peng He , Heng Li , Qian Wang
Published: November 2019

Through the analysis of the current situation of rural logistics development, we find that there are many problems in the development of rural logistics in China: imperfect infrastructure, incomplete use of information systems, the development of rural logistics can not be connected with the city, and the logistics system of rural development is chaotic; through the analysis, we find that China Post has a very strong advantage in rural logistics, according to economic development. The exhibition situation is divided into logistics services, specialization services, and then through the platform of Postal Music Network, new retail mode is introduced to let agricultural products come out and commodities go in. China Post through promotes the platform of Postal Music Network, and constantly improves the platform. Information system and logistics are seamlessly docked, so that rural e-commerce development can drive rural logistics, promote rural economic development, and further improve the quality of life of rural people.
Impact Characteristic Analysis of Grounding Devices under High Energy Lightning
Authors: Liu Sanwei , Zhang Liu , Wang Feng , Yue Yishi , Huang Fuyong , Wang Cheng
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the research progress of soil discharge phenomenon is comprehensively analyzed from three aspects: soil discharge imaging technology, soil impact breakdown mechanism and calculation method of grounding device impact characteristics. It is urgent to collect the important image data of soil discharge in order to study the regional structure model of soil discharge, and then accurately calculate the electrical parameters of soil discharge characteristics, and apply it to the calculation of transient model. Compared with the numerical calculation methods of grounding device, the electromagnetic field method is recommended for the calculation of impact characteristics.
The Growth of Native Yeasts on Mozzarella Cheese Whey with the Resistance towards High Glucose and Ethanol Contents
Authors: Balia R. L. , Suryaningsih L. , Pratama A. , Utama G. L.
Published: November 2019

The objectives of the research were to determine the growth of native yeasts on mozzarella cheese whey with the resistance towards high sugar and ethanol contents. Native yeasts isolated from 1 ml mozzarella cheese whey that poured into modified Potato Dextrose Agar (Oxoid Ltd.) with the addition of 3% Yeasts Extract/YE (Kraft Foods) and 10 ppm amoxicillin. Yeast-like microorganisms isolated then purified and tested with RapID Yeasts Plus System and analyzed by ERIC (Electronic Code Compendium) http://www.remel.com/eric. The yeasts growth towards high glucose and ethanol was evaluated by growing yeasts in modified Nutrient Broth/NB (Oxoid Ltd.) added with 20 and 30% of glucose monohydrates or 20 and 30% of ethanol concentration and the optical density (OD) measured every 24h until 72h. The results showed that C. tropicalis, Tri.beigelii and Blast.capitatus were native yeasts that could isolated from mozzarella cheese whey. Despite positive growth trend on substrates with high glucose and ethanol concentrations, C. tropicalis and Blast.capitatus showed the best growth.
Vegetation analysis of highland tropical rainforest in the conservation area
Authors: Martono Djoko Setyo , Rahayu Sri , Wijayanti Endry
Published: November 2019

Nature protection and preservation in Indonesia is carried out by designating certain places as nature reserves. One area that has been chosen as a nature reserve in East Java is the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve, with the most extensive type of mountain tropical rainforest in the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of species at the level of trees and species dominant in mountain tropical rainforests. Data collection method uses the quadrant method (Point Center Quarter Method). Relationship analysis uses the 2 × 2 Contingency Table method. Based on the results of the study, it founded that the vegetation of Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve consisted of at least 47 tree species including 23 families dominated by couples (Quercus sondaica BL Miq) with INP of 37.93%. The next sequence was Dodonea viscosa with INP of 35.90% followed by Casuarina sp with INP of 28.21%, Litsea glutinosa and Persea odoratissima (Nees) Kosterm with INP of 27.11% and 16.29% respectively. The pair of species that tend to live together is Quercus sondaica with Litsea glutinosa.
Variability in growth and yield among sweet corn genotypes grown under organic crop management
Authors: Chozin M , Sudjatmiko S , Muktamar Z , Setyowati N , Fahrurrozi F
Published: November 2019

Organic sweet corn growers depend on the available varieties even though they are bred for intensive farming systems and they have to select the variety most suited for organic production. The present study was addressed to elucidate the pattern of variations among 20 sweet corn genotypes under the organic farming system and to classify them into distinct groups on the basis of their agro-morphological characteristics. Data were collected from two growing seasons for growth and yield characteristic and subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. Combined analysis of variance across two seasons revealed that tasseling date, harvesting date, kernel-row number, and marketable yield exhibited significant season x genotype interaction effect, while the rest of the observed characters showed significant both season and genotype effects. Principal component analysis showed that first season data had first three principal components with eigenvalues > 1 accounted 82% of the total variation, while second season data had first two principal components with eigenvalues > 1 accounted for 79%. In both seasons, ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, and marketable yield were the most important characters in the first principal component. Based on cluster analysis, the genotypes could be classified into 5 clusters for both seasons. These results can be used by the growers in deciding the most suitable sweet corn variety for organic production.
Milk Production and Quality of Dairy Cow Fed Diet Containing Concentrate with Durio zibethinus Murr Seed Flour
Authors: Sulistyowati Endang , Soetrisno Edi , Mujiharjo Sigit , Lorence Dwi E. , Gustia Emilia , Meisella Siska
Published: November 2019

The objective of this research was to evaluate Durio zibethinus Murr seed flour in different levels in substitution with rice bran in concentrate of diet on milk production and milk quality in lactating dairy cows. The rice bran/durio seed flour ratios in concentrate were DC 1: 35/12.5, DC2: 27.5/20, DC 3: 20/27.5, and DC 4: 12.5/30. Experimental design used was Latin Square 4 × 4, four treatments and four 3 week-periods. Results showed that milk production, milk quality, and feed efficiency of dairy cow fed diet containing concentrate with 20% rice bran/27.5% Durio zibethinus flour was found to be the optimal one.