bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etiology and prognosis of portal hypertension in children of northwest Iran
Authors: Rafeey Mandana , Shoaran Maryam , Habibzadeh Sevda , Ghergherehchi Robabeh
Published: May 2021

Background: Portal hypertension refers to the pathological increase in portal pressure or pressure gradient difference between the portal vein and lower vena cava. This study aimed to determine the etiology and prognosis of portal hypertension in children of northwest Iran for ten years. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 73 children under the age of 18 years with portal hypertension who were admitted to the Gastroenterology department of Tabriz Children Hospital for ten years were studied. These children were evaluated for demographic data as well as the underlying etiology according to the liver biopsy, abdominal ultrasound, and liver Doppler ultrasound records. Results: The most common cause of portal hypertension was cryptogenic cirrhosis with a frequency of 21 (28.8%). Out of the total number of patients, 7 deaths (9.7%) were observed whereas 84.7% of patients had successful treatment and were discharged without complications. Two patients underwent portosystemic shunt surgery. Liver transplantation was done for 2 cases. Sclerotherapy was performed for 35 patients (48.6%). Out of this group of patients 28 cases (80%) had a good response to sclerotherapy, 4 cases (11.4%) died, two were referred for portosystemic shunt, and one patient underwent liver transplantation. Conclusion: The etiologic factors leading to portal hypertension have a wide diversity in terms of underlying disease and prognosis. A thorough assessment of the cause of portal hypertension is important for making the best therapeutic decision. Early diagnosis has a critical role in improving response to therapy and preventing complications.
Evaluation of IL-8 level in cerebrospinal fluid in acute bacterial meningitis in adults
Authors: Bayat-Makoo Zhinous , Karimi Puran , Mohtadi Negar
Published: May 2021

Background: Interleukin 8 increases in various types of meningitis, specifically acute bacterial meningitis inflammation, and it is important in the distinction between types of meningitis. The present paper aims at evaluation of the level of interleukin 8 in cerebrospinal fluid in acute adult bacterial meningitis. Methods: All adult patients’ with diagnosis of suspected meningitis with symptoms of fever, headache, neck stiffness, and consciousness disorder. Lumbar puncture was taken in between the third and fourth vertebra by a specialist physician for all patients suspected with meningitis. To determine the level of consciousness, the GCS of the patients was determined and the cerebrospinal fluid was cultured and sent to the laboratory for the analyses of cell count, diffraction, CSF fluid glucose, CSF fluid protein, LDH, or lactate dehydrogenase, and the level of interleukin 8. Results: The mean of IL-8 protein was 296.17±48.57Pg/ml in patients with aseptic meningitis and 1088.96±526.55Pg/ml in the group of patients with septic meningitis. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the amount of interleukin 8 (p = 0.009). Cutoff was 297.6 Pg/ml for the detection of positive bacterial meningitis with a sensitivity of 92% and the specificity of 83.1% was 297.6 pg/ml. Conclusion: Interleukin 8 has a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis, and along with the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid protein, it can be a good criterion for differentiation of bacterial from aseptic meningitis.
The effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on RBC oxidative damage and RBC metabolism during storage of red blood cell product in blood bank condition
Authors: Mehrdadi Najmeh , Deyhim Mohammad Reza , Hekmat Azadeh
Published: May 2021

Background: Oxidative damage is one of the main causes of Red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion which can reduce RBC survival during RBC storage in blood bank condition. In this study, we evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an anti-oxidant compound on RBC oxidative damage and RBC metabolism during storage of this product. Methods: In this experimental study, 10 bag of packed RBC were provided to the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization's Innovation Center were randomly selected and effect of NAC was investigated on metabolism, oxidative status and hematologic variables of RBC during RBC storage. The results of this study were compared between two groups of NAC treated RBC and untreated RBC (without NAC). All of the data were analyzed with SPSS statistical program (version 22). Results: In this study, the concentration of lactate and LDH enzyme activity in the NAC treated RBC were lower than the control group (without NAC). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker in the NAC treated RBC was lower increase than the untreated RBC. Also antioxidant capacity was so higher in the NAC - RBC than in the control group, especially in the 28th day of RBC storage (Pday28 <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the use of NAC as an additive solution could decrease oxidative damage via maintaining of the RBC oxidant capacity during RBC storage. In the future NAC may be used as an additive for maintaining of the RBC survival and RBC quality during storage of RBC in blood bank condition.
Frequency of psychological disorders in under 15 years old children with thalassemia major and intermediate in Tabriz children’s hospital
Authors: Hiradfar Amir Ataollah , Noorazar Seyyed Gholamreza
Published: May 2021

Background: Thalassemia is the most common hemoglobinopathy, worldwide. Chronicity and complications of thalassemia can affect the quality of life in these patients. Psychological aspects of transfusion-dependent forms of thalassemia (major and intermediate) are well-known, especially in adults. Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in thalassemia major and intermediate who were under 15 years old. This study was organized in thalassemia clinic in Tabriz Children’s Hospital from June 2014 to August 2014. Methods: Sixty transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients were eligible in our study. Twenty-six patients were boys and 34 were girls. Mean age of the participants were 9 ±1. A standard questionnaire called K-SADS was used to collect the data during interview by patients and their parents. In this research, the data have been analyzed to demonstrate the prevalence of psychologic disorders and the relationship between psychologic disorders and demographic characteristics. Results: The prevalence of psychological disorders in our study was: ODD (37%), social phobia (20%), depression (18%), conduct disorders (10%), and enuresis (5%). Also, psychologic disorders had a significant relationship with age and education. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that about 80% of the participants had one of the psychological disorders. Therefore, a regular psychologic consulting for children and their parents in thalassemia clinics is required.
The acute effect of using of texture foot orthoses on ground reaction forces in older adults during walking
Authors: Valizadeh orang Aydin , Mokhtari Malekabadi Arefeh , Jafarnezhadgero AmirAli
Published: May 2021

Background:Walking is one the common daily activities. With the beginning of middle age, weakness in the lower limb muscles can reduce the ability to walk. The use of foot orthoses reduce the load on the limbs and supports the joints during walking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of foot orthoses on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces during walking in the older adults. Methods: In this semi-experimental and laboratory study, 21 elderly (15 females and 6 males) with a mean height of 164.19±4.26 centimeters and weight of 80.04±3.50 kg, and age of 66.00±3.50 years were volunteered to participate in the study. The walking trials were done during three conditions including walking without foot orthoses, walking with small and large textured orthoses. The Bertec force plate (made in USA) with dimensions of 40 * 60 cm was used to record ground reaction forces. Results: The results of this study did not show any significant differences between walking without foot orthoses, walking with small and large textured foot orthoses for frequency of 99.5%, median frequency, frequency band and number of essential harmonics (P>0.05). However, the comfort level during wearing of large texture insole condition significantly increased compared to other conditions (P<0.05). Conclusion: The textured foot orthoses do not affect the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces; however, it improves the comfort of the individual while walking.
Effect of resistance training on posture control components in women with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Rezaei Nazanin , Gholami Farhad , Naderi Aynollah , Saeidi Maryam
Published: May 2021

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes which can lead to impaired postural control. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12-week resistance training on balance, risk of falling and distribution of foot pressure in diabetic women with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 30 women with type 2 diabetes and diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy were randomly assigned into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group underwent a circuit resistance training program with 50 of one-maximum repetition, 3 -sessions per week over 12 weeks. Before and following the experimental period static and dynamic balance, posture control and risk of falling were assessed. Results: Static and dynamic balance indices improved following the exercise intervention (P=0.0001). Moreover, risk of falling index decreased in the experimental group compared to control condition (P=0.0001). However, foot pressure distribution was unchanged following exercise intervention (P>0.05). Conclusion: Circuit training improved balance and risk of falling in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, they are suggested to include circuit training as a safe non-pharmacological intervention to improve balance and walking and to prevent falling.
Effect of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise on apolipoprotein AI gene expression and lipid profile indices in obese women
Authors: Babaei Bonab Solmaz , Jamali Gharakhanlou Bahram
Published: May 2021

Background: Heart disease is a multifactorial disease with genetic background and environmental factors involved. And new studies believe that markers such as apolipoprotein AI are a better criterion for diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise on apolipoprotein AI gene expression and lipid profile indices in obese women. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 healthy obese women aged 35-30 years were randomly selected and divided into control (n =15) and experimental (n =15) groups. The experimental group underwent 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise at 60-75% of the heart rate reserve three sessions per week for 60 minutes each session. Apolipoprotein AI mRNA expression was measured by Semi-quantitative-RT-PCR method and lipid profiles were measured in both pre-test and post-test. Results: The apolipoprotein AI gene expression was significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, TG (P = 0.003), TG LDL in the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group and HDL level in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.001) Conclusion: The regular aerobic exercise has an important role in reducing cardiovascular diseases through increasing apolipoprotein AI gene expression and improving lipid
The efficacy of intra-tracheal budesonide with surfactant in treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Mostafa Gharehbaghi Manizheh , Ganji Shalale , Mahallei Majid
Published: May 2021

Background: Premature birth is an important issue in developed and developing countries. Surfactant replacement therapy of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) causes a change in the normal pattern of the disease and increases the likelihood of survival of more premature newborns with chronic pulmonary damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of budesonide and surfactant on the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 128 preterm infants less than 1250 g or gestational age of 26-30 weeks that were admitted to Al-Zahra Hospital from 2017 to 2018 with RDS and needed surfactant replacement therapy were enrolled. They were randomly allocated into two groups. In one group (group Surfactant), the surfactant was administered intratracheally 2.5 cc/kg and in the second group (group Surfactant + Budesonide), budesonide was administered 0.25 mg/kg in addition to the intratracheal surfactant. The primary outcome was bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the secondary outcome was complications of prematurity. Results: In this study 128 neonates including 48 (60.9%) boys and 50 (39.1%) girls were studied. The mean gestational ages of studied neonates were 28.32±1.60 weeks. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), high flow nasal cannulae (HFNC), and need for supplemental oxygen were significantly shorter in the group that received surfactant and budesonide combination. The required FiO2 at four hours after surfactant treatment was significantly lower in group Surfactant + Budesonide than the Surfactant group (p = 0.01). In the group Surfactant, 38 neonates (59.4%) and in group S+B, 24 cases (37.5%) developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), (p = 0.04). The mortality rate was 15 neonates that 6 cases were in group S+B (p =0.29). Conclusion: In our study, using surfactant with budesonide combination in comparison with surfactant alone is associated with less respiratory support and BPD rate. Future studies with a larger number of patients before routine use of surfactant and budesonide combination is recommended.
Effect of iliopsoas muscle tightness on electromyographic activity of hip extensor synergists during gait
Authors: Aali Shirin , Bagheri Shahabeddin
Published: May 2021

Background: Hip flexor muscles' tightness has been considered as one of the main risk factors for neuromuscular impairment of lower extremities not only lead to change the movement patterns but also probably result in changing the neuromuscular features of other muscles. The purpose of this research is study was to evaluate the iliopsoas tightness’ effect on electromyographic activity of hip extensor synergists during gait. Methods: In this case-control study fifteen 11-14 years old adolescents with iliopsoas tightness as experimental group, and 15 healthy adolescents which matched based on age, height, weight, body mass index, dominant leg and sport experience participated voluntarily as control group. Surface electromyographic activity of the gluteus maximus, adductor magnus and biceps femoris, were measured between groups during stance phase of gait. Results: Individuals with restricted hip flexor muscle length demonstrated more gluteus maximus activation during terminal stance (p=.001), more biceps femoris activation during mid stance (p=.002) and late stance (p=.001) and more adductor magnus activation during mid stance (p=.04) and late stance (p=.001). Conclusion: Adolescent soccer athletes with hip flexor muscle tightness exhibit more biceps femoris and adductor magnus and gluteus maximus activation during stance phase of gait. Thus, individuals with hip flexor muscle tightness appear to utilize different neuromuscular strategies to control lower extremity motion.
The Effect of deinoxanthin Isolated from Radioactivity-Resistant Bacteria on Expression of Bcl-2 Gene in Hela Cell Line
Authors: Kavousi Mahsa , Bagheri Hesam
Published: May 2021

Background: After breast cancer, uterine cervical neoplasms is the most common cancer in women. It is believed that genetic factors are effective in developing cancer. Bcl-2 is a well-known anti-apoptosis gene that increases cell viability without stimulating effect on cellular proliferation. Today it attempts to use natural compounds to control or treat diseases. Carotenoids are one of these compounds. Deinoxanthin is a carotenoid isolated from Deinococcus radiodurans. Since this bacterium has a unique ability to withstand radiation, and radiation is a well-known cause of cancer carotenoid synthesized by bacterium is worthwhile. The aim of study is evaluating the effect of deinoxanthin on the expression of Bcl-2 in Hela cell line. Methods: Active culture of bacteria was purchased from Genetic and Biological Reserve of Iran then deinoxanthin was extracted. Hela was prepared of Pasteur Institute of Iran and cultured. Cells were divided into two treatment and control groups. Deinoxanthin was affected on the treatment group and its toxicity was measured using MTT. Real-time ­PCR was used to measure gene expression. RNA was extracted from two groups and cDNA was made. Results: Real-time PCR showed the anti-apoptotic expression of Bcl-2 decreased by 4/85 and given that p-value of 0/05 was (p-value=0) this decrease is significant. Conclusion: Regarding the results of Real-time PCR it can be concluded deinoxanthin extract has an inhibitory effect on the uterine cancer cell line has an inhibitory effect after 48 hours and the amount of anti-apoptotic expression of Bcl-2 has significantly decreased (p-value=0).
Effect of aerobic training on heat shock protein 27 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of type II diabetic rats
Authors: Dabagh Nikukheslat Saeed , Karimi Pouran , Sadri Iraj
Published: May 2021

Background: According to the experimental studies, the levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are decreased in diabetes which is associated with impaired cognitive function in the brain. Therefore, the increased expression of these two proteins in some brain regions associated with learning and memory can be one of the positive effects of aerobic training on cognition improvement at diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic treadmill exercise training (ATET) on HSP27 and BDNF proteins in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: Twenty healthy adult male Wistar rats approximately 3-month old, weighing 250 ± 25gr were used in this study. Experimental diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and a low dose of STZ (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Then diabetic animals were divided into two groups (n=10 per each group): control group (C) and aerobic training group (E). The exercise program was treadmill running at 13 m/min, 25 min/day, for 5 days/week at 0˚ slope for the first week, with a gradual increase to 27 m/min for 60 min/day in week 8. Un-paired t-test was used to compare two groups with the considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that ATET significantly increased protein expression of HSP27 and BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex as compared to C group. Conclusion: Our findings showed that aerobic treadmill exercise program can increase the protein expression of HSP27 and BDNF associated with cognition and synaptic plas­ticity and thus counteract the neurodegenerative diseases of the nervous system.
Study of pregnant women with high risk of fetus abnormalities by routine cytogenetics method (karyotyping) and molecular method (FISH) by using X and Y probs and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in the northwest of Iran's patients
Authors: Vahidi Parisa , Rahmani Seyed Ali , Hadige Rezvan Nahid
Published: May 2021

Background: The health of the fetus during the 9 months of pregnancy is very important for every pregnant couple. Identifying carriers of the genetic diseases and their diagnosis before birth, controls the disease's prevalence and does not impose huge costs on the patient's family and community. This study aimed to evaluate the rapid prenatal diagnosis importance in the chromosomal abnormalities identification. Methods: 50 amniotic fluid samples were studied by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Karyotyping was performed on me taphase chromosomes to identify all the chromosomal abnormalities and FISH detected chromosomal abnormalities by using X and Y probs, as the rapid method. Results: We identified one cases of Down syndrome (2%), three cases of extension in the polymorphism region of P arms of chromosome 15(15p+) (6%), one cases of extension in the polymorphism region of chromosome 9 (9 qh+) (2%), one case of peristaltic inversion in chromosome Y (2%), one case of XYY mosaic embryo, 46, XY /47, XYY variant (2%) and one case with the extra unknown segment on P arms of chromosome 15 (2%). Conclusion: FISH is a useful method with high sensitivity to provide rapid results for couples who don't have enough time to end their pregnancy legally. In cases of X-linked diseases, it is a reliable method to learn the sex of the fetus. FISH is not able to detect structural anomalies, therefore karyotyping is required for absolute right outcomes of chromosome abnormalities.
The acute effect of knee brace on the electromyography activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with genu valgus during walking
Authors: Jafarnezhadgero AmirAli , Ghorbanloo Farshad , Mokhtari Malekabadi Arefeh , Ghasemi Sadegh
Published: May 2021

Background: Different factors affect walking biomechanics disturb the postural control. Genu valgus is one of the most important lower limb malalignments that affects the postural control and disrupts the posture. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of knee brace on the electromyography activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with genu valgus during walking. Methods: In this semi-experimental and a laboratory typ study,. 24 boys with genu valgum (20-30 years old) volunteered to participate in the study. The electrical activity of the selected muscles was recorded by an electromyography system during walking with and without knee brace. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: There was a significant increase in electrical activity of the semitendinosus muscle during walking with knee brace compared to walking without it (p = 0.037, d = 0.89). The electrical activity of other lower limb muscles did not show any significant differences during acute use of knee brace (P >0.05). Conclusion: The semitendinosus muscle in individuals with genu valgus is weak. Therefore, significant increase in the electrical activity of the semitendinosus muscle during wearing of knee brace means delaying the fatigue and indicating improvement in the muscular function.
Effect of 8 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction on gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 in mice
Authors: Zarali Mohammadreza , Etemad Zaher , Azizbeigi Kamal , Karimi Pouran
Published: May 2021

Background: Apoptosis is the physiological cell death that in natural conditions leads to the elimination of old, damaged, waste, and harmful cells. The aim of this study was the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction on gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 in mice. Methods: Present study was an experimental multi-group design with a control group conducted on 30 two-month old male mice. Subjects were divided into five homogenous groups including base control, control, caloric restriction, interval exercise training, and caloric restriction + interval exercise training. Training groups participated in interval exercise training five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The level of gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA at the level of (P<0.05). Results: The results showed that the training group had a significant increase in gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 in comparison with caloric restriction + exercise training (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in gene expression of myocardial Bax compared to the caloric restriction group (P<0.05). Also, exercise training and exercise training + caloric restriction significantly increased the gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 and significantly decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to caloric restriction, base control, and control (P< 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval training without caloric restriction would provide a suitable environment for increasing the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane of myocardial cells and possibly apoptosis.
The effect of 10 weeks endurance training on protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in cardiac myocytes of female
Authors: Yazdan Shenas Naiemeh , Peeri Maghsoud , Delfan Maryam
Published: May 2021

Background: Cardiac atrophy is the most important complications resulted by cancer Given the role of exercise in protecting against cancer complications, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of endurance training on protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in cardiac myocyte of female Balb/C mic with breast cancer. Methods: The present study was an experimental study. Twelve female BALB/c mice after inducing breast cancer were randomly divided into two groups (n=6) including endurance training group (E) and the control group (C). E group performed 65 min at a constant running speed corresponding to 60% vVo2max at 15% inclination, ten weeks (five days a week). The Left ventricular of animals was extracted 24h following the last training session. Protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 were determined by, respectively, western blot and qReal-time PCR. Statistic data values also were measured by independent samples t-test at the 0.05 levels of significance. Results: The results of the present study showed a significant decreased in cardiac protein levels of NF-kB (p<0.001) and cardiac gene expression of Atrogin-1 (p<0.001) and MuRF-1 (p=0.003) in comparison with control group. Endurance training group had significantly greater heart weights compared to control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: it seems that 10 weeks of endurance training possibly affect mechanisms involved in cancer-induced cardiac atrophy such as NF-kB/Atrogin-1/MuRF-1 axis results in decreasing cardiac atrophy in mice with breast cancer.
Interactive effect of 6 weeks of High-intensity interval training and quercetin supplementation on expression of some tumor angiogenesis markers in female mice with breast cancer
Authors: Jalali Zohreh , Shahidi Fereshteh , Gaeini abbas ali , Alizadeh Shaban , Ramezani Alireza
Published: May 2021

Background: About angiogenesis, metastasis of breast cancer and exercise, Many studies have been done in recent decades to better understand of regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Interactive effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and quercetin supplementation (Q) on the expression of key angiogenic factors in tumor tissue of mouse with breast cancer. Methods: Twenty-four female Balb/C mouse were injected with estrogen receptor-dependent breast cancer cells MC4L2 and then divided into three groups of tumor (T), tumor + of high-intensity interval training (TH) and tumor + high-intensity interval training + quercetin (THQ). The TH and THQ groups ran the treadmill 3 days a week for 6 weeks and each session 1 hour. The THQ group received 110 mg / kg quercetin solution for 6 weeks, 3 days a week with training. After completion of the work, the mouse were sacrificed and their tumor tissue removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen And stored at -70 ° C. Expression of TIE-2 and VEGF-A genes was measured by REAL TIME-PCR. ΔCt, ΔΔCt, and Fold change were calculated with the relevant statistical tests at the significant level (P <0.05) by GENEX software. Results: The results showed that THQ interaction significantly decreased the expression of TIE-2 and VEGF-A genes in TH and THQ groups compared to T group. In addition, quercetin in THQ group significantly decreased TIE-2 and VEGF-A gene expression compared to TH group. Conclusion: interaction of HIIT and Q supplementation are probably effective in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.
Effect of walking on sand on co-Contraction of the lower limb muscles in individuals with overpronated foot
Authors: Fatollahi Amir , Jafarnezhadgero AmirAli , Amirzade Nasrin
Published: May 2021

Background: Foot pronation is in the open kinetic chain composed of eversion, abduction, and ankle dorsiflexion. Foot overpronation may be associated with different lower limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of walking on the sand on co-Contraction of the lower limb muscles in individuals with overpronated foot. Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental and laboratory type. Thirty healthy individuals and 30 individuals with foot overpronation volunteered to participate in this study. Muscle activity was recorded by an 8-channel electromyography system with a surface electrode during walking on sand. Two-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis at the significant level P<0/05. Results: The results demonstrated lower ankle-directed co-Contraction during walking on sand compared with walking on level ground (P<0/001). Other components of ankle-directed co-Contraction did not demonstrate any significant differences between walking on sand compared with walking on level ground (P>0/05). Conclusion: Individuals with overpronated foot demonstrated lower ankle-directed co-Contraction during walking on sand compared with walking on stable level ground. Individuals with overpronated foot showed a greater ankle-directed co-Contraction than the healthy group. Decreased ankle-directed co-Contraction indicated a positive effect of walking on sand in individuals with foot overpronation.
Cucurbitacins: A Focus on Cucurbitacin E As A Natural Product and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Ramezani Moazzameh , Hasani Melika , Ramezani Fatemeh , Karimi Abdolmaleki Mahmood
Published: May 2021

For the last years, different types of cucurbitacins have been extracted from various species of Cucurbitaceae family. For this review, all related papers were accumulated by searching electronic databases in the English language, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The keywords of cucurbitacin, cucumber anticancer therapy, cytotoxic effects, chemotherapy, and inhibitor effect were searched until February 2020. According to the result of this review, cucurbitacin E as a tetracyclic triterpenes compound, has been exhibited cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. It showed tumor proliferation prevention, induction of apoptosis or synergistically acts with other established antitumor compounds and cytokines throughout many molecular mechanisms. In a function-structure association manner, cucurbitacin E can inhibit Janus kinas2 (JAK2) phosphorylation, the signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequently block these pathways, which seems to be the main mechanism of its activity. Future studies could target its detection in uninvestigated sources, subsequently its derivatives to improve their anticancer activity.
Comparing the current status with desired situation of the quality ofeducation and improvement for rural health workers in Iran
Authors: Shamsaee Beheshteh , Bagheri Mehdi , Gholi Ghourchian Nader , Jafari Parivash
Published: May 2021

Background: Rural health workers (Behvarz) are considered health- care pioneers standing at the forefront of providing services for rural areas. Those health providers need to be optimally educated throughout the country. What can serve this purpose is an integrated high quality "education". Methods: The current descriptive research compared two situations of education quality. To this end 300, rural health workers completed researcher-made questionnaires, including 2 dimensions,7 components and, 80 questions obtained from the analysis of the qualitative process through the fuzzy Delphi method. Results: The results indicated a gap between the current status and desirable situations of qualitative improvement components of rural health workers’ education. The findings also showed that the highest standardized coefficient in the area of education was related to the variable of learning and transfer of education with a coefficient of 0.971. In the area of optimization, the highest standard coefficient for the desirable situation belonged to the interpersonal and functional relationship variable, with the value of 0.978, while the lowest standardized coefficient was related to the variable of information and communication technology (ICT) development as 0.956. Conclusion: In brief, optimal education for the health- care providers is considered an integral part of the health system; therefore, the impact of education on the general health of the people should be taken into consideration. Therefore, there is a need for theoretical and practical exploration of qualitative education towards health system improvement and promotion.
Designing a customized model of effective clinical teaching for an undergraduate medical program: protocol for a mixed-method study
Authors: Hazrati Hakime , Bigdeli Shoaleh , Behshid Mozhgan , Zarea Gavgani Vahideh , Sohrabi Zohreh , Soltani Arabshahi Seyed Kamran
Published: May 2021

Background: Clinical teaching is a vital component of medical education. However, evidence indicates that clinical teaching still confronts numerous challenges, as its quantity and quality are not always desirable. The need for improvement has been emphasized in the planning, teaching, and evaluation of clinical education. Therefore, this study aims to design a customized model of effective clinical teaching for the undergraduate medical program. Methods: A mixed-method study will be conducted in three consecutive phases. The first phase, using a grounded theory approach, explores the lived experiences of clinical teachers and undergraduate medical students concerning effective clinical education in an undergraduate medical program. In the second phase, a systematized review will be conducted on secondary data sources to fill theoretical categories and to extend the theory emerging from the qualitative phase. Finally, in the third phase, a model of clinical teaching will be developed for an undergraduate medical program. Discussion: The findings of this study will offer new insights into the clinical teaching paradigm in developing curriculum, setting policies, designing suitable undergraduate medical-clinical education programs, and developing effective teaching methods. These results will contribute to understanding the challenges of clinical education in an undergraduate medical program.
Análisis de la solidificación de aleaciones ZN-AL a partir del método de Newton
Authors: Cruz-Guerrero Sara , Lazaro-Becerril Israel , Munguia-Huerta Jorge Eduardo , Juanico-Loran Antonio , Cruz-Mejia Hector
Published: May 2021

The undercoolings of the primary and eutectic phases were determined in three Zn-Al alloys by the experimental cooling curves associated. The compositions of the alloys considered in this study were Zn-3%wAl, Zn-6%w Al and Zn-11% w Al in order to determinate the influence of the primary phase in the morphology obtained by the euetecic microsconstituent at the end of the solidification and its relationship with the underccoling registered in each step. The experimental cooling curves were obtained by a thermocouple type K inserted laterally at the center of a metallic mould of stainless steel 304, which dimentions were 4 cm of diameter and 7.5 cm of lengh. This thermocouple was connected to a data adqusiitior system and a computer in order to register these data in an electronic file. These data were processed following the algorithm of NTA method. The results obtained showed that a minor undercoolig is associated with a lamellar eutectic morphology.
Plataforma educativa para desarrollo de sistemas de software radio mediante modulación QPSK en Octave y Arduino
Authors: Silva-Cruz Eric Mario , Caballero-Julián Franco Gabriel , Pérez-Solano Miguel Ángel , Pérez-Ojeda Cristian
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, the development of software radio based systems has allowed the transmission of data at high speeds and frequencies in the order of Gigahertz (Jovanovic, 2018). For this, the digital system is characterized by using digital modulation techniques in software through transmission symbols in the DigitalEnd stage, applying digital-analog (DAC) and analogdigital (ADC) converters to vary the sampling frequency and transmit the data in the Front End, (Chien, 2001). This work presents a digital educational platform to simulate the characteristics of a Software Radio system and not a web platform. The present investigation is focused on the characterization of signals modulated by Octave considering in the first instance the quadrature modulation QPSK, where the transmission of the modulated signal is carried out by means of the Arduino board in a digital port, with a digital-analog approach (DAC) using PWM modulation a RC filter and an amplifier circuit, which synthesize the signal considering the limitations of the Arduino board. The proposed design presents an electronic platform that will allow the understanding of software-based radio systems.
Desarrollo de la técnica Barridos de Efecto Mössbauer: aplicación al estudio de propiedades estructurales y magnéticas
Authors:   , Pasquevich Gustavo Alberto
Published: May 2021

En esta tesis se desarrolla desde aspectos teóricos y prácticos diferentes alcances del uso de posicionamiento a energía constante (velocidad constante) en la espectroscopía de efecto Mössbauer.
Pojęcie kultury emocjonalnej jako narzędzie analizy socjologicznej
Authors: Sawicka Maja
Published: May 2021

In this article, the author presents cultural theories of emotion and the concept of emotional culture’ as a tool of sociological analysis. The cultural perspective, in her opinion, is worthy of sociologists’ particular attention; it brings factors of a strictly social nature to the analysis of emotion, for instance, the impact of changes in social organization on the presence of emotions in social life. The idea of emotional culture is essential for this perspective. In the proposed meaning, it refers to the ordering of the ‘emotionality’ of a given collective at the supra-individual level. It comprises scenes for the appearance of emotions, manners of expressing emotions, emotional norms, ideas about emotions, the values attached to emotions, and the language of describing emotional experiences. Analyses from the cultural perspective connect changes in expression and emotional norms with changes in social organization, as is shown through the examples of Norbert Elias’s and Cas Wouters’s work.
Polskie media wobec Ukrainy. Przyczynek do dyskusji
Authors: Szeptycki Andrzej
Published: May 2021

Polish media has played an active role in the policy towards Ukraine, particularly from the outbreak of the Revolution of Dignity and war with Russia, but this subject has not received in-depth academic treatment. The author describes the discourse of Polish mass media on the subject of Ukraine, using selected television stations and  newspapers as examples. The most important television stations (TVP, TVN, Polsat) do not present a  uniform image of Ukraine, and their discourse is in a large part reactive, in connection with current events. The situation is slightly different in the case of the print media. Three different types of discourse can be distinguished. The weekly Do Rzeczy continues the political tradition of Józef Piłsudski. It displays considerable interest in the former eastern borderlands and is distrustful towards Russia. The weekly Przegląd refers indirectly to the traditions of national democracy and the political realists of the People’s Republic of Poland period, being critical of Ukraine and pointing out the importance of relations with Russia. Gazeta Wyborcza has in large measure inherited the ideas of Jerzy Giedroyc. It emphasizes the need for reconciliation with Ukraine and for supporting it in its democratic and pro-European strivings.
Podzielona czy zróżnicowana? Jeszcze raz o pamięci społecznej na Ukrainie (z tożsamością w tle)
Authors: Wylegała Anna
Published: May 2021

The aim of this text is to present the internal differentiation of Ukrainian social memory. The author concentrates on vernacular memory of three issues that are essential in regard to Ukrainian identity: the Second World War and the conflict between the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Soviet authorities, Holodomor, and the Holocaust. Her analysis is based on her own research conducted in Galicia and Central Ukraine, searches in oral history sources, and also on the published and unpublished results of qualitative research by other researchers and public opinion surveys. Her main conclusions involve the unconsonant nature of different memories with differentiations of regional populations, the unifying nature of memory of the Holodomor, the strongly polarizing memory of the UIA as a potential factor of social conflict, and the problematic nature of memory of the Holocaust.
Praca, robotnicy, archiwa, fotograﬁa — utrwalanie stereotypów i walka o emancypację
Authors: Ferenc Tomasz
Published: May 2021

Work, workers, and workers’ living conditions quickly became a ﬁeld of interest for photographers. Already by the middle of the 19th century there were photographs showing working people. Nevertheless, the contexts in which such photographs were taken varied considerably. The ﬁrst part of this article presents, in the historical perspective, the different causes and strategies involved in making these types of documents, up to the moment when photographs began to appear that had been made by workers themselves. The movement to photograph workers, which developed in the ﬁrst decades of the 20th century, is recalled in the second part of the article (using the examples of the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia). The third part is devoted to photographic projects whose purpose was to increase the productivity of, and control over, workers. Photography is presented as a scientiﬁc tool for measuring movement and as an illustration of the most effective manners of organizing work. At the end, the Digital Repository of Worker Photography is described, as an example of work on a collection of photos and the creation of a platform permitting further work, but also as a legal and methodological problem.
Polityka publiczna w warunkach socjologicznej próżni
Authors: Zybała Andrzej
Published: May 2021

The author presents the socio-cultural framework of the process of formulating and implementing public policies/activities (including their analysis and evaluation). He gives grounds for the idea that socio-cultural factors have a deciding influence on the present low level of effectiveness of public activities/policies in Poland (although structural and economic factors also have an impact). Reference to the phenomenon of a ‘sociological vacuum’ and its consequences (such as minute interest in public issues, and lack of responsibility for public activities and for meeting the needs of others) is important in the analysis. The author points to the historical origins of the phenomenon and refers to earlier studies. He claims this vacuum is responsible for the clumsiness characterizing present attempts to deal with various collective problems—particularly the more complicated ones, whose resolution would require considerable social capital, analytical capacity, and the connection of social and economic resources. In his opinion, public politics in Poland could remain for a long time in its present shape—characterized by the creation of legal regulations without much use of analytics, and by unilateral actions of the political class and the strongest interest groups.
Kryzys społeczeństwa kapitalistycznego a (nowa) kwestia miejska
Authors: Baranowski Mariusz
Published: May 2021

This article addresses the problem of the crisis of capitalist society, as described by Alain Touraine, through the example of urban space. It attempts to trace the symptoms of the crisis in the context of the urban question, understood as the set of (potential or actual) dysfunctional consequences of the organization of social life in accord with individual and/or collective expectations within the sphere of the city.
Wideozwiedzanie. Badania miasta w perspektywie paradygmatu mobilności
Authors: Rogowski Łukasz
Published: May 2021

This article contains a presentation of the theoretical and methodological premises of various kinds of mobile social research in the city. The departure point is to treat moving as a characteristic of contemporary socio-cultural life, as in the premises of the mobility paradigm. Mobility is described as the context for experiencing the urban space and the point of departure for mobile social research. The traits and various types of such research are indicated, including the principles that connect them with visual research techniques. ‘Walking with video’ is used as an example. The author recounts research experiences connected with the use of this technique, on three levels: preparation, realization, and processing and communication.
Powiernicy, kolekcjonerzy, (re)konstruktorzy. Współcześni artyści wobec rzeczy znalezionych
Authors: Izdebska Karolina
Published: May 2021

The term ‘found object’ refers to an existing object or artifact that contemporary artists use in undertaking memory-related themes in their art. Originally, such objects would not have fit in the category of art, although for their finders they might have had value (for instance, for aesthetic or nostalgic reasons, or due to the object’s originality). By means of the found object an artist comments on contemporary culture, constructing an artistic narration that concerns the past and reveals the memories or identities connected with places and people (for instance, site-specific art or community art). Through art collecting, the revelation or discovery of things from the past, artists become custodians of memory and engage in its reconstruction; this may involve either the ‘small’ personal memory or the collective memory, for instance, one based on the history of a location. In the artistic practices analyzed in the article, things also become a means to influence the course of our activities, by evoking memories and the emotions connected with them, awakening the senses and affecting the course of interhuman relations.
Konstrukcja stereotypowego wizerunku mężczyzn i kobiet w wybranych polskich publikacjach naukowych z dziedziny psychologii
Authors: Wycisk Jowita , Zielona-Jenek Monika
Published: May 2021

The authors analyze selected contemporary Polish academic publications on psychology in order to demonstrate how the concept of gender is constructed in them. They refer to the premises of Kenneth Gergen’s social constructionism, and Ludwik Fleck’s description of connections in common knowledge. In presenting the bases of constructionist ideas, they concentrate on the process of creating knowledge in the social sciences, its interaction with common knowledge, and the significance of gender categories. They also describe the activities that have been undertaken since the 1980s—on the basis of western psychology—to eliminate negative gender stereotypes from scientific and scholarly works. The nature of the errors and shortcomings that could appear at successive stages of the research process forms a departure point for analyzing examples of stereotypical images of men and women in peer-reviewed empirical works published in Poland after 2000. The summary refers to the Polish regulations in regard to the professional ethics of psychologists and in respect to conducting scientific research.