bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energetic Electron Scattering due to Whistler Mode Chorus Waves Using Realistic Magnetic Field and Density Models in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Ma Q. , Li W. , Zhang X.‐J. , Bagenal F.
Published: July 2020

We evaluate energetic electron scattering in pitch angle and energy using realistic magnetic field and density models due to whistler mode chorus waves in Jupiter's magnetosphere and study their dependences on various wave and background parameters. We calculate the bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients by considering the latitudinal variation of total electron density and ambient magnetic field intensity, using the VIP4 internal magnetic field and CAN current sheet model. The electron phase space density evolution due to chorus waves is simulated at M shell of 10, using the central wave frequency at 0.1fce and wave amplitude of 30 pT. Under the typical values of the ratio between the plasma frequency and electron cyclotron frequency, chorus waves could cause fast pitch angle scattering loss of energetic electrons from tens to several hundred keV in several hours, and gradual acceleration of relativistic electrons at several MeV in several days. The electron pitch angle scattering at ~500 keV and the acceleration at several MeV are both enhanced using the latitudinally varying density and VIP4 + CAN magnetic field model compared to the electron evolution using the constant density and dipole magnetic field model. Our sensitivity study indicates that the electron scattering at higher energy is caused by waves at lower frequencies or in a lower‐density background plasma, and the scattering is faster for waves at smaller wave normal angles. The electron diffusion is mainly caused by waves at lower latitudes, but the waves at higher latitudes (>30°) contribute to the electron loss at higher energies (>2 MeV).
Improving Forecast Skill of Lowland Hydrological Models Using Ensemble Kalman Filter and Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: Sun Y. , Bao W. , Valk K. , Brauer C. C. , Sumihar J. , Weerts A. H.
Published: July 2020

For operational water management in lowlands and polders (for instance, in the Netherlands), lowland hydrological models are used for flow prediction, often as an input for a real‐time control system to steer water with pumps and weirs to keep water levels within acceptable bounds. Therefore, proper initialization of these models is essential. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been widely used due to its relative simplicity and robustness, while the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has received little attention in the operational context. Here, we test both UKF and EnKF using a lowland lumped hydrological model. The results of a reforecast experiment in an operational context using an hourly time step show that when using nine ensemble members, both filters can improve the accuracy of the forecast by updating the state of a lumped hydrological model (Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator, WALRUS) based on the observed discharge, while UKF has achieved better performance than EnKF. Additionally, we show that an increase in the ensemble members does not necessarily mean a significant increase in performance. WALRUS model with either UKF or EnKF could be considered for hydrological forecasting for supporting water management of polders and lowlands, with UKF being the computationally leaner option.
Cancer cells undergoing epigenetic transition show short-term resistance and are transformed into cells with medium-term resistance by drug treatment
Authors: Poojan Shiv , Bae Seung-Hyun , Min Jae-Woong , Lee Eun Young , Song Yura , Kim Hee Yeon , Sim Hye Won , Kang Eun-Kyung , Kim Young-Ho , Lee Hae-Ock , Hong Yourae , Park Woong-Yang , Jang Hyonchol , Hong Kyeong-Man
Published: July 2020

To elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance, epigenetically reprogrammed H460 cancer cells (R-H460) were established by the transient introduction of reprogramming factors. Then, the R-H460 cells were induced to differentiate by the withdrawal of stem cell media for various durations, which resulted in differentiated R-H460 cells (dR-H460). Notably, dR-H460 cells differentiated for 13 days (13dR-H460 cells) formed a significantly greater number of colonies showing drug resistance to both cisplatin and paclitaxel, whereas the dR-H460 cells differentiated for 40 days (40dR-H460 cells) lost drug resistance; this suggests that 13dR-cancer cells present short-term resistance (less than a month). Similarly, increased drug resistance to both cisplatin and paclitaxel was observed in another R-cancer cell model prepared from N87 cells. The resistant phenotype of the cisplatin-resistant (CR) colonies obtained through cisplatin treatment was maintained for 2–3 months after drug treatment, suggesting that drug treatment transforms cells with short-term resistance into cells with medium-term resistance. In single-cell analyses, heterogeneity was not found to increase in 13dR-H460 cells, suggesting that cancer cells with short-term resistance, rather than heterogeneous cells, may confer epigenetically driven drug resistance in our reprogrammed cancer model. The epigenetically driven short-term and medium-term drug resistance mechanisms could provide new cancer-fighting strategies involving the control of cancer cells during epigenetic transition.
Less sedentary time is associated with a more favourable glucose-insulin axis in obese pregnant women—a secondary analysis of the DALI study
Authors: Dieberger Anna M. , Desoye Gernot , Stolz Erwin , Hill David J. , Corcoy Rosa , Simmons David , Harreiter Jürgen , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Dunne Fidelma , Devlieger Roland , Wender-Ozegowska Ewa , Zawiejska Agnieszka , Lapolla Annunziata , Dalfra Maria Grazia , Bertolotto Alessandra , Galjaard Sander , Adelantado Juan M. , Jensen Dorte Møller , Andersen Lise-Lotte , Tanvig Mette , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth Reinhardt , Snoek Frank J. , Jelsma Judith G. M. , van Poppel Mireille N. M.
Published: July 2020

Background/objectives

Obese pregnant women are at high risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which might be reduced by sufficient physical activity (PA) and reduced sedentary time (ST). We assessed whether PA and ST are longitudinally associated with the glucose-insulin axis in obese pregnant women.

Subjects/methods

In this secondary analysis of the DALI (vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus prevention) study, pregnant women, <20 weeks gestation, with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 29 kg/m2, without GDM on entry were included. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST were measured objectively with accelerometers at <20 weeks, 24–28 weeks and 35–37 weeks of gestation. Fasting glucose (mmol/l) and insulin (mU/l), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and first-phase and second-phase insulin release (Stumvoll first and second phase) were assessed at the same time. Linear mixed regression models were used to calculate between-participant differences and within-participant changes over time. Analyses were adjusted for gestational age, randomisation, pre-pregnancy BMI, education and age. MVPA, Insulin, HOMA-IR and Stumvoll first and second phase were log-transformed for analyses due to skewness.

Results

232 women were included in the analysis. Concerning differences between participants, more ST was associated with higher fasting glucose (Estimate: 0.008; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.014), fasting insulin (0.011; 0.002, 0.019), HOMA-IR (0.012; 0.004, 0.021) and Stumvoll first and second phase (0.008; 0.001, 0.014 and 0.007; 0.001, 0.014). Participants with more MVPA had lower Stumvoll first and second phase (−0.137; −0.210, −0.064 and −0.133; −0.202, −0.063). Concerning changes over time, an increase in ST during gestation was associated with elevated Stumvoll first and second phase (0.006; 0.000, 0.011).

Conclusions

As the glucose-insulin axis is more strongly associated with ST than MVPA in our obese population, pregnant women could be advised to reduce ST in addition to increasing MVPA. Moreover, our findings suggest that behaviour change interventions aiming at GDM risk reduction should start in early or pre-pregnancy.
Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with systolic blood pressure in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Sodium Trial
Authors: Chaudhary Parul , Wainford Richard D.
Published: July 2020

The 2019 National Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) Report concluded there remains insufficient evidence to establish a K+ DRI. This study tested the hypothesis that reduced Na+ and increased K+ excretion will positively associate with lower blood pressure in salt sensitive (SS) and salt resistant (SR) participants in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Sodium Trial (DASH–Sodium). Via the NHLBI BioLINCC we accessed the DASH-Sodium dataset for data on systolic blood pressure (SBP), 24-h urinary Na+ and K+ excretion at screening (regular patient diet; N = 186, SS N = 222 SR) and post DASH diet (N = 71 SS, N = 119 SR). The relationships between SBP, urinary Na+ and K+ excretion, and Na+/K+ ratio were assessed via linear regression. At screening elevated urinary Na+ excretion positively associated with SBP in SS (1 g increase in urinary Na+ excretion = +1 0 ± 0.4 mmHg) but not SR participants, and urinary K+ excretion of <1 g K+/day was associated with higher SBP in SS and SR participants. Urinary K+ excretion ≥1 g/day, or a decreases in urinary Na+/K+ ratio, was not associated with lower SBP. Post the DASH–sodium diet intervention, SBP was reduced in SS and SR participants. However, no correlation was observed between reduced SBP and urinary K+ excretion or the urinary Na+/K+ ratio irrespective of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Our data support the DRI recommendation not to establish a K+ DRI and suggest further evidence is required to support a reduced Na+/K+ ratio to lower SBP.
A transcriptomic continuum of differentiation arrest identifies myeloid interface acute leukemias with poor prognosis
Authors: Bond Jonathan , Krzywon Aleksandra , Lhermitte Ludovic , Roumier Christophe , Roggy Anne , Belhocine Mohamed , Kheirallah Alexander Abdulkader , Villarese Patrick , Hypolite Guillaume , Garnache-Ottou Francine , Castaigne Sylvie , Boissel Nicolas , Asnafi Vahid , Preudhomme Claude , Dombret Hervé , Laurenti Elisa , Macintyre Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

Classification of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias (ALL and AML) remains heavily based on phenotypic resemblance to normal hematopoietic precursors. This framework can provide diagnostic challenges for immunophenotypically heterogeneous immature leukemias, and ignores recent advances in understanding of developmental multipotency of diverse normal hematopoietic progenitor populations that are identified by transcriptional signatures. We performed transcriptional analyses of a large series of acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias and detected significant overlap in gene expression between cases in different diagnostic categories. Bioinformatic classification of leukemias along a continuum of hematopoietic differentiation identified leukemias at the myeloid/T-lymphoid interface, which shared gene expression programs with a series of multi or oligopotent hematopoietic progenitor populations, including the most immature CD34+CD1a−CD7− subset of early thymic precursors. Within these interface acute leukemias (IALs), transcriptional resemblance to early lymphoid progenitor populations and biphenotypic leukemias was more evident in cases originally diagnosed as AML, rather than T-ALL. Further prognostic analyses revealed that expression of IAL transcriptional programs significantly correlated with poor outcome in independent AML patient cohorts. Our results suggest that traditional binary approaches to acute leukemia categorization are reductive, and that identification of IALs could allow better treatment allocation and evaluation of therapeutic options.
How single-cell immunology is benefiting from microfluidic technologies
Authors: Jammes Fabien C. , Maerkl Sebastian J.
Published: July 2020

The immune system is a complex network of specialized cells that work in concert to protect against invading pathogens and tissue damage. Imbalances in this network often result in excessive or absent immune responses leading to allergies, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Many of the mechanisms and their regulation remain poorly understood. Immune cells are highly diverse, and an immune response is the result of a large number of molecular and cellular interactions both in time and space. Conventional bulk methods are often prone to miss important details by returning population-averaged results. There is a need in immunology to measure single cells and to study the dynamic interplay of immune cells with their environment. Advances in the fields of microsystems and microengineering gave rise to the field of microfluidics and its application to biology. Microfluidic systems enable the precise control of small volumes in the femto- to nanoliter range. By controlling device geometries, surface chemistry, and flow behavior, microfluidics can create a precisely defined microenvironment for single-cell studies with spatio-temporal control. These features are highly desirable for single-cell analysis and have made microfluidic devices useful tools for studying complex immune systems. In addition, microfluidic devices can achieve high-throughput measurements, enabling in-depth studies of complex systems. Microfluidics has been used in a large panel of biological applications, ranging from single-cell genomics, cell signaling and dynamics to cell–cell interaction and cell migration studies. In this review, we give an overview of state-of-the-art microfluidic techniques, their application to single-cell immunology, their advantages and drawbacks, and provide an outlook for the future of single-cell technologies in research and medicine.
Short-term improvements in diet quality in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are associated with smoking status, physical activity and body mass index: the 3D case series study
Authors: Burch Emily , Williams Lauren T. , Thalib Lukman , Ball Lauren
Published: July 2020

Background

Dietary intake impacts glycaemic control through its effect on weight and glucose-insulin homeostasis. Early glycaemic control is associated with improved outcomes and reduced mortality for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To date, the diet quality of people with T2D has only been studied cross-sectionally. The objective of this paper is to quantify short-term improvements in diet quality and to identify factors associated with improvements after T2D diagnosis among participants in the 3D study.

Methods

This paper presents data from the 3D study of 225 Australian adults, newly diagnosed with T2D. Telephone interviews collected demographic, diet, physical and health data at baseline and 3 months. Diet quality was assessed using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) tool to examine short-term changes in diet quality after diagnosis. Participants were categorised into two groups: those who improved their diet quality by 3 months (increase in DASH score of 3 or more) and those who did not. Factors associated with change in DASH scores were clinically and statistically evaluated.

Results

The 3D cohort was comparable to Australian cohorts with diabetes by gender and body mass index (BMI) but differed by age, remoteness and socioeconomic status. Mean (SD) baseline DASH score was 24.4 (4.7), in the midrange of possible scores between 8 and 40. One third of participants improved their DASH score by 3-months. This group had lower diet quality (p < 0.001), lower BMI (p = 0.045), higher physical activity levels (p = 0.028) and were less likely to smoke (p = 0.018) at baseline.

Conclusions

Diet quality changes after diagnosis do not appear to be associated with demographic characteristics but were associated with lifestyle behaviours. Strategies targeted at better supporting smokers, those with low physical activity and higher BMI are required. Future research should investigate how the diet quality changes people make around time of diagnosis are related to long-term health outcomes.
Genetics of structural and functional brain changes in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hashem Sheema , Nisar Sabah , Bhat Ajaz A. , Yadav Santosh Kumar , Azeem Muhammad Waqar , Bagga Puneet , Fakhro Khalid , Reddy Ravinder , Frenneaux Michael P. , Haris Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder characterized by social impairment and restricted interactive and communicative behaviors. It may occur as an isolated disorder or in the context of other neurological, psychiatric, developmental, and genetic disorders. Due to rapid developments in genomics and imaging technologies, imaging genetics studies of ASD have evolved in the last few years. Increased risk for ASD diagnosis is found to be related to many specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and the study of genetic mechanisms and noninvasive imaging has opened various approaches that can help diagnose ASD at the nascent level. Identifying risk genes related to structural and functional changes in the brain of ASD patients provide a better understanding of the disease’s neuropsychiatry and can help identify targets for therapeutic intervention that could be useful for the clinical management of ASD patients.
Low GAS5 expression may predict poor survival and cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer
Authors: Fang Xingyu , Zhong Guanglei , Wang Yuhan , Lin Zhongqiu , Lin Rongchun , Yao Tingting
Published: July 2020

Cisplatin resistance is a major challenge in cervical cancer (CC) chemotherapy. Growth arrest‐specific 5 (GAS5) has been reported to be a tumour suppressor gene in CC. However, the mechanism of GAS5 in chemoresistance remains undetermined. Our research evaluated GAS5 expression in normal and CC tissues by qPCR and in situ hybridization (ISH). Statistical analysis was conducted to analyse the association of GAS5 expression with survival. Biochemical methods were used to screen upstream and downstream regulators of GAS5. Then, interactions were confirmed by ChIP, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), dual-luciferase reporter and real-time PCR assays. The cisplatin sensitivity of GAS5-overexpressing CC cells was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that low GAS5 expression was correlated with poor overall survival. Mechanistically, GAS5 was transcriptionally modulated by P-STAT3 and served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-21 to indirectly affect cisplatin sensitivity through PDCD4 regulation in CC cells. Animal studies confirmed that GAS5 enhanced cisplatin sensitivity and promoted PDCD4 expression in vivo. GAS5 was regulated by P-STAT3 and affected the sensitivity of CC to cisplatin-based chemotherapy through the miR-21/PDCD4 axis. This result may provide new insight into cisplatin-based therapy.
Identification of distinct transcriptome signatures of human adipose tissue from fifteen depots
Authors: Schleinitz Dorit , Krause Kerstin , Wohland Tobias , Gebhardt Claudia , Linder Nicolas , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Bechmann Ingo , Kovacs Peter , Gericke Martin , Tönjes Anke
Published: July 2020

The functional and metabolic characteristics of specific adipose tissue (AT) depots seem to be determined by intrinsic mechanisms. We performed a comprehensive transcriptome profiling of human AT from distinct fat depots to unravel their unique features potentially explaining molecular mechanisms underlying AT distribution and their contribution to health and disease. Post-mortem AT samples of five body donors from 15 anatomical locations were collected. Global mRNA expression was measured by Illumina® Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChips. Data were validated using qPCR and Western Blot in a subset of ATs from seven additional body donors. Buccal and heel AT clearly separated from the “classical” subcutaneous AT depots, and perirenal and epicardial AT were distinct from visceral depots. Gene-set enrichment analyses pointed to an inflammatory environment and insulin resistance particularly in the carotid sheath AT depot. Moreover, the epicardial fat transcriptome was enriched for genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, immune signaling, coagulation, thrombosis, beigeing, and apoptosis. Interestingly, a striking downregulation of the expression of leptin receptor was found in AT from heel compared with all other AT depots. The distinct gene expression patterns are likely to define fat depot specific AT functions in metabolism, energy storage, immunity, body insulation or as cushions. Improved knowledge of the gene expression profiles of various fat depots may strongly benefit studies aimed at better understanding of the genetics and the pathophysiology of obesity and adverse body fat composition.
A dataset describing data discovery and reuse practices in research
Authors: Gregory Kathleen
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a dataset produced from the largest known survey examining how researchers and support professionals discover, make sense of and reuse secondary research data. 1677 respondents in 105 countries representing a variety of disciplinary domains, professional roles and stages in their academic careers completed the survey. The results represent the data needs, sources and strategies used to locate data, and the criteria employed in data evaluation of these respondents. The data detailed in this paper have the potential to be reused to inform the development of data discovery systems, data repositories, training activities and policies for a variety of general and specific user communities.
A three-dimensional, population-based average of the C57BL/6 mouse brain from DAPI-stained coronal slices
Authors: Stæger Frederik Filip , Mortensen Kristian Nygaard , Nielsen Malthe Skytte Nordentoft , Sigurdsson Björn , Kaufmann Louis Krog , Hirase Hajime , Nedergaard Maiken
Published: July 2020

Fluorescence imaging of immunolabeled brain slices is a key tool in neuroscience that enable mapping of proteins or DNA/RNA at resolutions not possible with non-invasive techniques, including magnetic resonance or nuclear imaging. The signal in specific regions is usually quantified after manually drawing regions of interest, risking operator-bias. Automated segmentation methods avoid this risk but require multi-sample average atlases with similar image contrast as the images to be analyzed. We here present the first population-based average atlas of the C57BL/6 mouse brain constructed from brain sections labeled with the fluorescence nuclear stain DAPI. The data set constitutes a rich three-dimensional representation of the average mouse brain in the DAPI staining modality reconstructed from coronal slices and includes an automatic segmentation/spatial normalization pipeline for novel coronal slices. It constitutes the final population-based average template, individual reconstructed brain volumes, and native coronal slices. The comprehensive data set and accompanying spatial normalization/segmentation software are provided. We encourage the community to utilize it to improve and validate methods for automated brain slice analysis.
Long term survey of the fish community and associated benthic fauna of the Seine estuary nursery grounds
Authors: Cariou Thibault , Dubroca Laurent , Vogel Camille
Published: July 2020

Estuaries are crucial ecosystems where human activities deeply affect numerous ecological functions. Here we present a survey dataset based on the monitoring of fish nursery grounds of the Seine estuary and eastern bay of Seine collected once a year using a beam trawl during three distinct periods (1995-2002, 2008–2010 and 2017–2019). The surveys happen at the start of autumn in order to maximize the catchability of juvenile fish. The beam trawl mainly targets benthic and demersal species on a study area that extends over 600 square kilometers. The dataset includes abundance and densities of 161 species for 634 hauls performed around 40 stations each year. These data can be used by fishery scientists and ecologists motivated by early life stages of commercial species or by the impact of human disturbances, such as harbor developments, on estuarine communities.
Catalytic inhibition of H3K9me2 writers disturbs epigenetic marks during bovine nuclear reprogramming
Authors: Sampaio Rafael Vilar , Sangalli Juliano Rodrigues , De Bem Tiago Henrique Camara , Ambrizi Dewison Ricardo , del Collado Maite , Bridi Alessandra , de Ávila Ana Clara Faquineli Cavalcante Mend , Macabelli Carolina Habermann , de Jesus Oliveira Lilian , da Silveira Juliano Coelho , Chiaratti Marcos Roberto , Perecin Felipe , Bressan Fabiana Fernandes , Smith Lawrence Charles , Ross Pablo J , Meirelles Flávio Vieira
Published: July 2020

Orchestrated events, including extensive changes in epigenetic marks, allow a somatic nucleus to become totipotent after transfer into an oocyte, a process termed nuclear reprogramming. Recently, several strategies have been applied in order to improve reprogramming efficiency, mainly focused on removing repressive epigenetic marks such as histone methylation from the somatic nucleus. Herein we used the specific and non-toxic chemical probe UNC0638 to inhibit the catalytic activity of the histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2. Either the donor cell (before reconstruction) or the early embryo was exposed to the probe to assess its effect on developmental rates and epigenetic marks. First, we showed that the treatment of bovine fibroblasts with UNC0638 did mitigate the levels of H3K9me2. Moreover, H3K9me2 levels were decreased in cloned embryos regardless of treating either donor cells or early embryos with UNC0638. Additional epigenetic marks such as H3K9me3, 5mC, and 5hmC were also affected by the UNC0638 treatment. Therefore, the use of UNC0638 did diminish the levels of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in SCNT-derived blastocysts, but this was unable to improve their preimplantation development. These results indicate that the specific reduction of H3K9me2 by inhibiting EHMT1/2 during nuclear reprogramming impacts the levels of H3K9me3, 5mC, and 5hmC in preimplantation bovine embryos.
Gender-related responses of dioecious plant Populus cathayana to AMF, drought and planting pattern
Authors: Li Zhen , Wu Na , Liu Ting , Tang Ming , Chen Hui
Published: July 2020

In our previous studies, we detected drought, gender and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation effects on dioecious plant. Based on this, we investigated the intra- and inter-sexual competition between male and female plants. Dioecious plant Populus cathayana was used and we set 3 factors in this experiment: (1) AM inoculation/non-inoculation; (2) well-watered/water-stressed; (3) single-gender pattern (only 4 males or 4 females)/mixed-gender pattern (2 males and 2 females). Growth (stem length, ground diameter, SPAD, mean leaf area, biomass accumulation) and nutrition (C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg) distribution of male and female seedlings were determined. Results Drought significantly limited plant growth and nutrition accumulation, especially in female plants; AM formation alleviated this negative effect, especially in male plants. However, the gender effect was complicated. A mixed-gender planting pattern relieved intra- competition in terms of the growth and nutrient accumulation of both genders and even alleviated the negative effects caused by drought. In the mixed-gender pattern, the differences of C, N, P, K and Ca contents between male and female plants with AM inoculation was smaller than those without AM inoculation, which indicated a potential role for AM fungi in nutrient transport. Males had a stronger physiological response to limited water availability, and more advantages from AM formation than females. Mixed-gender planting relieved the existence of intra- sexual competition of dioecious plants, and AM symbiosis alleviated the differences between genders.
Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling identifies mediators of anchorage-independent growth and roles of inhibitor of differentiation proteins in invasive lobular carcinoma
Authors: Tasdemir Nilgun , Ding Kai , Savariau Laura , Levine Kevin M. , Du Tian , Elangovan Ashuvinee , Bossart Emily A. , Lee Adrian V. , Davidson Nancy E. , Oesterreich Steffi
Published: July 2020

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histological subtype of breast cancer with distinct molecular and clinical features from the more common subtype invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). ILC cells exhibit anchorage-independent growth in ultra-low attachment (ULA) suspension cultures, which is largely attributed to the loss of E-cadherin. In addition to anoikis resistance, herein we show that human ILC cell lines exhibit enhanced cell proliferation in ULA cultures as compared to IDC cells. Proteomic comparison of ILC and IDC cell lines identified induction of PI3K/Akt and p90-RSK pathways specifically in ULA culture in ILC cells. Further transcriptional profiling uncovered unique upregulation of the inhibitors of differentiation family transcription factors ID1 and ID3 in ILC ULA culture, the knockdown of which diminished the anchorage-independent growth of ILC cell lines through cell cycle arrest. We find that ID1 and ID3 expression is higher in human ILC tumors as compared to IDC, correlated with worse prognosis uniquely in patients with ILC and associated with upregulation of angiogenesis and matrisome-related genes. Altogether, our comprehensive study of anchorage independence in human ILC cell lines provides mechanistic insights and clinical implications for metastatic dissemination of ILC and implicates ID1 and ID3 as novel drivers and therapeutic targets for lobular breast cancer.
Assessment of cortical reorganization and preserved function in phantom limb pain: a methodological perspective
Authors: Andoh Jamila , Milde Christopher , Diers Martin , Bekrater-Bodmann Robin , Trojan Jörg , Fuchs Xaver , Becker Susanne , Desch Simon , Flor Herta
Published: July 2020

Phantom limb pain (PLP) has been associated with reorganization in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and preserved S1 function. Here we examined if methodological differences in the assessment of cortical representations might explain these findings. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging during a virtual reality movement task, analogous to the classical mirror box task, in twenty amputees with and without PLP and twenty matched healthy controls. We assessed the relationship between task-related activation maxima and PLP intensity in S1 and motor cortex (M1) in individually-defined or group-conjoint regions of interest (ROI) (overlap of task-related activation between the groups). We also measured cortical distances between both locations and correlated them with PLP intensity. Amputees compared to controls showed significantly increased activation in M1, S1 and S1M1 unrelated to PLP. Neural activity in M1 was positively related to PLP intensity in amputees with PLP when a group-conjoint ROI was chosen. The location of activation maxima differed between groups in S1 and M1. Cortical distance measures were unrelated to PLP. These findings suggest that sensory and motor maps differentially relate to PLP and that methodological differences might explain discrepant findings in the literature.
Women’s socioeconomic position in ontogeny is associated with improved immune function and lower stress, but not with height
Authors: Rubika Anna , Luoto Severi , Krama Tatjana , Trakimas Giedrius , Rantala Markus J. , Moore Fhionna R. , Skrinda Ilona , Elferts Didzis , Krams Ronalds , Contreras-Garduño Jorge , Krams Indrikis A.
Published: July 2020

Immune function, height and resource accumulation comprise important life history traits in humans. Resource availability models arising from life history theory suggest that socioeconomic conditions influence immune function, growth and health status. In this study, we tested whether there are associations between family income during ontogeny, adult height, cortisol level and immune response in women. A hepatitis B vaccine was administered to 66 young Latvian women from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and blood samples were then collected to measure the level of antibodies that the women produced in response to the vaccination. Cortisol levels were measured from plasma samples pre- and post-vaccination. Women from wealthier families had lower cortisol levels, and women from the highest family income group had the highest levels of antibody titers against hepatitis B vaccine. No significant relationships were observed between cortisol level and immune function, nor between family income and height. The results show that income level during ontogeny is associated with the strength of immune response and with psychoneuroendocrine pathways underlying stress perception in early adulthood. The findings indicate that the quality of the developmental niche is associated with the condition-dependent expression of immune function and stress response.
Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in a soil-rice system: a case study in the Jin-Qu Basin of China
Authors: Guo Bin , Hong Chunlai , Tong Wenbin , Xu Mingxing , Huang Chunlei , Yin Hanqin , Lin Yicheng , Fu Qinglin
Published: July 2020

A regional field survey of a total of 109 pairs of soil and rice samples was conducted to evaluate the health risks posed by heavy metals in the Jin-Qu Basin, China. The studied soils are characterized by acid (pH in mean level of 5.5), carbon rich (soil organic matter in mean of 33.6 g kg−1) and mainly contaminated by Cd (42.2% samples exceeded the standard value of 0.3 mg kg−1 (GB15618-2018)). The spatial distributions of Cd, Pb and Zn exhibited similar geographic trends. 34% and 30% of the rice samples containing Cd and Pb exceeded the threshold value of 0.2 mg kg−1 (GB2762-2017), respectively. The risk estimation of dietary intake had a target hazard quotient value of Cd of 0.918 and a hazard index value for rice consumption of 2.141. Totally, Cd and Pb were found to be the main components contributing to the potential health risks posed by non-carcinogenic effects for local inhabitants.
The patterns of response of 11 regimens for infantile spasms
Authors: Mao Leilei , Kessi Miriam , Peng Pan , He Fang , Zhang Ciliu , Yang Lifen , Wu Liwen , Yin Fei , Peng Jing
Published: July 2020

Infantile spasms (ISs) is a devastating form of an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. The patterns of response of multiple regimens, and the difference in response rates for the cases who receive first-line therapies on time versus those who receive them after non-first-line therapies are unknown. We performed a study involving 314 ISs cases aiming to investigate the patterns of response of 11 regimens, and the difference in response rates for the cases received first-line therapies as first two regimens versus those who received other drugs prior to first-line options. As a result, the efficacy of each regimen was: the foremost two regimens; 36.99%, third; 10.27%, fourth; 6.16%, fifth; 5.48%, and from the sixth regimen onwards, each additional regimen added ≤ 2% probability of seizure freedom. There was a statistically significant difference in seizure freedom rates between cases received first-line therapies as first or second regimen versus those who received them later. Our study revealed for the first time that in ISs cases, seizure freedom is likely to be observed within the first five regimens, and an early administration of first-line therapies is superior to non-first-line options. These results will aid in management of ISs cases.
Transcription factor 21 expression in injured podocytes of glomerular diseases
Authors: Usui Joichi , Yaguchi Misa , Yamazaki Satoshi , Takahashi-Kobayashi Mayumi , Kawamura Tetsuya , Kaneko Shuzo , Seshan Surya V. , Ronco Pierre , Yamagata Kunihiro
Published: July 2020

Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) is one of the essential transcription factors in kidney development. To elucidate its influence on glomerular disease, we have investigated TCF21 expression in human and rat kidney tissue, and its urinary concentration. Immunohistological analysis suggested the highest TCF21 expression in nephrotic syndrome along with the urinary protein level. Urinary TCF21 concentration in human showed a positive correlation with its podocyte expression level. In nephrotic rat models, TCF21 expression in podocytes increased along with the severity of nephrotic syndrome. Next, in vitro experiments using Tcf21-expressing murine podocyte cell line, we could observe some Tcf21-dependent effects, related with actin cytoskeleton dysregulation and apoptosis. Our study illustrated TCF21 expression changes in vivo and its in vitro-functional significance injured podocytes.
Identification of new regulatory genes through expression pattern analysis of a global RNA-seq dataset from a Helicobacter pylori co-culture system
Authors: Tubau-Juni Nuria , Bassaganya-Riera Josep , Leber Andrew , Zoccoli-Rodriguez Victoria , Kronsteiner Barbara , Viladomiu Monica , Abedi Vida , Philipson Casandra W. , Hontecillas Raquel
Published: July 2020

Helicobacter pyloriis a gram-negative bacterium that persistently colonizes the human stomach by inducing immunoregulatory responses. We have used a novel platform that integrates a bone marrow-derived macrophage and liveH. pylorico-culture with global time-course transcriptomics analysis to identify new regulatory genes based on expression patterns resembling those of genes with known regulatory function. We have used filtering criteria based on cellular location and novelty parameters to select 5 top lead candidate targets. Of these, Plexin domain containing 2 (Plxdc2) was selected as the top lead immunoregulatory target. Loss of function studies with in vivo models ofH. pyloriinfection as well as a chemically-induced model of colitis, confirmed its predicted regulatory function and significant impact on modulation of the host immune response. Our integrated bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation platform has enabled the discovery of new immunoregulatory genes. This pipeline can be used for the identification of genes with therapeutic applications for treating infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.
Maximum oxygen consumption and quantification of exercise intensity in untrained male Wistar rats
Authors: Qin Fei , Dong Yanan , Wang Songtao , Xu Minxiao , Wang Zhongwei , Qu Chaoyi , Yang Yan , Zhao Jiexiu
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to explore a valid test protocol for measuring VO2max in healthy untrained male Wistar rats of different ages and quantifying the exercise intensity (%VO2max) of running under different treadmill grades and speeds. The test protocols and %VO2max will provide a reference for the design of exercise intensity. We tested male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks, 10 weeks, 10 months and 16 months old with three test protocols (Procedure 1 [P1], 2 [P2] and 3 [P3]) for each age group to quantify VO2max. We analysed VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio and test duration to determine an optimal test protocol of VO2max for different age groups. We used the optimal test protocol to explore the changes in age-related VO2max. Finally, %VO2max of running under different treadmill speeds and grades was quantified. VO2max of Wistar rats decreased significantly after the age of 4 weeks (p < 0.05). The optimum VO2max can be induced by personalised protocols for different ages. In 4-week-old Wistar rats, the highest VO2max values were attained by P1 (104.4 ± 6.9 mL · kg−1 · min−1, p = 0.032). The highest VO2max value (84.7 ± 3.7 mL · kg−1 · min−1, p = 0.037) of 8-week-old Wistar rats was attained in P2. In 10-month-old Wistar rats, the highest VO2max value was obtained in P3 (63.3 ± 1.7 mL · kg−1 · min−1). This work could be used as a reference for assessing aerobic capacity in studies on exercise intervention with untrained male Wistar rats. However, the %VO2max measurements at various treadmill speeds and grades only apply to untrained male Wistar rats.
Correlation between paravertebral spread of injectate and clinical efficacy in lumbar transforaminal block
Authors: Bang Yu Jeong , Park Hue Jung , Sim Woo Seog , Lee Dae Won , Lee Jin Young
Published: July 2020

The potential paravertebral space includes spinal nerves, dorsal rami, rami communicants, and sympathetic chains. This study evaluated correlations between paravertebral spread of injectate and clinical efficacy in lumbar transforaminal block. We retrospectively analysed the data of 88 patients who received transforaminal blocks for lumbar radicular pain. We categorized patients into two groups: patients with ≥ 50% pain reduction on a numeric rating scale at 30 min following a block (responder group), and patients with < 50% pain reduction (non-responder group). Paravertebral spread of injectate was graded as limited to the anterior, middle, and posterior 1/3 of the anterolateral aspect of vertebral bodies; spread between the posterolateral margins of bodies and the posterior epidural space was considered no spread. Clinical and fluoroscopic data, perfusion index, temperature, and cold sensation were compared between the groups. Among 54 patients analysed, 26 (48.1%) experienced ≥ 50% and 28 (51.9%) < 50% pain reduction. Paravertebral spread occurred in 33 (61.1%) patients; 19 (57.6%) responders and 14 (42.4%) non-responders. On analysis, paravertebral spread, epidural spread patterns, perfusion index change ratios, temperature changes, and cold sensation changes showed no differences between responder and non-responder groups. Paravertebral spread occurred in 61.1%, with no correlation with the clinical efficacy of lumbar transforaminal block.
Author Correction: A novel mechanism of plasminogen activation in epithelial and mesenchymal cells
Authors: Bydoun Moamen , Sterea Andra , Weaver Ian C. G. , Bharadwaj Alamelu G. , Waisman David M.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Evolutionary dynamics of the chloroplast genome sequences of six Colobanthus species
Authors: Androsiuk Piotr , Jastrzębski Jan Paweł , Paukszto Łukasz , Makowczenko Karol , Okorski Adam , Pszczółkowska Agnieszka , Chwedorzewska Katarzyna Joanna , Górecki Ryszard , Giełwanowska Irena
Published: July 2020

The complete plastome sequences of six species were sequenced to better understand the evolutionary relationships and mutation patterns in the chloroplast genome of the genus Colobanthus. The length of the chloroplast genome sequences of C. acicularis, C. affinis, C. lycopodioides, C. nivicola, C. pulvinatus and C. subulatus ranged from 151,050 to 151,462 bp. The quadripartite circular structure of these genome sequences has the same overall organization and gene content with 73 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes and five conserved chloroplast open reading frames. A total of 153 repeat sequences were revealed. Forward repeats were dominant, whereas complementary repeats were found only in C. pulvinatus. The mononucleotide SSRs composed of A/T units were most common, and hexanucleotide SSRs were detected least often. Eleven highly variable regions which could be utilized as potential markers for phylogeny reconstruction, species identification or phylogeography were identified within Colobanthus chloroplast genomes. Seventy-three protein-coding genes were used in phylogenetic analyses. Reconstructed phylogeny was consistent with the systematic position of the studied species, and the representatives of the same genus were grouped in one clade. All studied Colobanthus species formed a single group and C. lycopodioides was least similar to the remaining species.
Developing high safety Li-metal anodes for future high-energy Li-metal batteries: strategies and perspectives
Authors: Liu Dai-Huo , Bai Zhengyu , Li Matthew , Yu Aiping , Luo Dan , Liu Wenwen , Yang Lin , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2020

Developing high-safety Li-metal anodes (LMAs) are extremely important for the application of high-energy Li-metal batteries. The recently state-of-the-art technologies, strategies and perspectives for developing LMAs are comprehensively summarized in this review.
A differential study on oxidized/reduced ascorbic acid induced tumor cells’ apoptosis under hypoxia
Authors: Gao Xiaonan , Zhao Congcong , Wei Keyan , Hu Bo , Chen Yuqin , Xu Kehua , Tang Bo
Published: July 2020

The anticancer mechanism for reduced/oxidized ascorbic acid (AA/DHA) is of great significance for clinical cancer therapies.
A three-dimensional discriminant analysis approach for hyperspectral images
Authors: Morais Camilo L. M. , Giamougiannis Panagiotis , Grabowska Rita , Wood Nicholas J. , Martin-Hirsch Pierre L. , Martin Francis L.
Published: July 2020

New algorithms for 3D discriminant analysis developed to provide fast and superior classification performance for hyperspectral images multisets.
Unravelling the water adsorption in a robust iron carboxylate metal–organic framework
Authors: Lenzen Dirk , Eggebrecht Jakob G. , Mileo Paulo G. M. , Fröhlich Dominik , Henninger Stefan , Atzori Cesare , Bonino Francesca , Lieb Alexandra , Maurin Guillaume , Stock Norbert
Published: July 2020

Scale-up of an Fe-MOF and elucidation of its water adsorption properties by PXRD, sorption measurements and molecular simulations are reported.
Blue-shifted aggregation-induced enhancement of a Sn(iv) fluoride complex: the role of fluorine in luminescence enhancement
Authors: Ki Wooseok , Ngo Kathleen , Ghosh Phalguni , Averkiev Boris , Reeves Gordan T. , Ailes Isaiah , Pemberton Barry C. , Zhu Kun , Li Jing
Published: July 2020

A fluorinated Sn(iv) complex not only significantly enhances the emission efficiency, but also exhibits blue-shifted aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties.
Magnetism and spin exchange coupling in strained monolayer CrOCl
Authors: Qing Xiaomei , Li Hua , Zhong Chonggui , Zhou Pengxia , Dong Zhengchao , Liu Junming
Published: July 2020

Variations of magnetic coupling J2 and J3 with R/r3d indicate the competitions determine critical intervals R of magnetic transitions along a- and b-direction.
Dynamics of the reaction CH2I + O2probedviainfrared emission of CO, CO2, OH and H2CO
Authors: Chen Ting-Yu , Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: July 2020

IR emission of OH, CO, CO2, and H2CO from CH2I + O2was recorded with a step-scan FTIR; possible decomposition routes from HCOOH* and methylene bis(oxy) were identified. The secondary reaction HCO + O2produces highly vibrationally excited CO.
Structure–properties relationship in the hydronium-containing pyrochlores (H3O)1+pSb1+pTe1−pO6 with catalytic activity in the fructose dehydration reaction
Authors: Mayer Sergio Federico , Falcón Horacio , Fernández-Díaz María Teresa , Campos-Martín José Miguel , Alonso José Antonio
Published: July 2020

NPD refinement for an accurate description of the pyrochlore family with progressive H3O+ lability, and its kinetics for fructose to HMF conversion.
One-step introduction of terminal sulfonic groups into a proton-conducting metal–organic framework by concerted deprotonation–metalation–hydrolysis reaction
Authors: Szufla Monika , Roztocki Kornel , Krawczuk Anna , Matoga Dariusz
Published: July 2020

A one-step strategy for introducing terminal sulfonic groups from a hydrolysable precursor is demonstrated for a proton-conducting metal–organic framework.
An unusual high-frequency ferroelectric obtained via the post-synthetic modification of a metal–organic framework
Authors: Liu Meiying , Liang Jingjing , Xu Xuebin , Liu Zhiliang
Published: July 2020

An unusual high-frequency ferroelectric was successfully synthesized via the post-synthetic modification of a metal–organic framework.
The facile and additive-free synthesis of a cell-friendly iron(iii)–glutathione complex
Authors: Gao Ziyu , Carames-Mendez Pablo , Xia Dong , Pask Christopher M. , McGowan Patrick C. , Bingham Paul A. , Scrimshire Alex , Tronci Giuseppe , Thornton Paul D.
Published: July 2020

The straightforward creation of an unreported glutathione-stabilised iron(iii) complex that enhances L929 fibroblast cell viability, and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-13 activity is described.