bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Fractional-Order PID Controllers for a Nonlinear AWS Wave Energy Converter Using Hybrid Jellyfish Search and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Ali Ziad M. , Ahmed Ahmed Mahdy , Hasanien Hany M. , Aleem Shady H. E. Abdel
Published: December 2023

In this study, a nonlinear Archimedes wave swing (AWS) energy conversion system was employed to enable the use of irregular sea waves to provide useful electricity. Instead of the conventional PI controllers used in prior research, this study employed fractional-order PID (FOPID) controllers to control the back-to-back configuration of AWS. The aim was to maximize the energy yield from waves and maintain the grid voltage and the capacitor DC link voltage at predetermined values. In this study, six FOPID controllers were used to accomplish the control goals, leading to an array of thirty parameters required to be fine-tuned. In this regard, a hybrid jellyfish search optimizer and particle swarm optimization (HJSPSO) algorithm was adopted to select the optimal control gains. Verification of the performance of the proposed FOPID control system was achieved by comparing the system results to two conventional PID controllers and one FOPID controller. The conventional PID controllers were tuned using a recently presented metaheuristic algorithm called the Coot optimization algorithm (COOT) and the classical particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). Moreover, the FOPID was also tuned using the well-known genetic algorithm (GA). The system investigated in this study was subjected to various unsymmetrical and symmetrical fault disturbances. When compared with the standard COOT-PID, PSO-PID, and GA-FOPID controllers, the HJSPSO-FOPID results show a significant improvement in terms of performance and preserving control goals during system instability
Study on the Prediction of Slope Failure and Early Warning Thresholds Based on Model Tests
Authors: Fukuhara Makoto , Uchimura Taro , Wang Lin , Tao Shangning , Tang Junfeng
Published: December 2023

In recent years, slope failure caused by heavy rainfall from linear precipitation bands has occurred frequently, causing extensive damage. Predicting slope failure is an important and necessary issue. A method used to predict the time of failure has been proposed, which focuses on the tertiary stage of the creep theory, shown as V = A/(tr − t), where V is the velocity of displacement, A is a constant, and (tr − t) is the time until failure. To verify this method, indoor model experiments and field monitoring were used to observe the behavior of surface displacement. Seven cases of laboratory experiments were conducted by changing the conditions in the model, such as materials, the thickness of the surface layer, and relative density. Then, two cases of field monitoring slope failure were examined using this method. The results show that, in the tertiary stage of creep theory, the relationship between tilt angle velocity and the time until failure can be expressed as an inversely proportional relationship. When the tilt angle velocity has reached the tertiary creep stage, it initially ranges from 0.01°/h to 0.1°/h; when near failure, it was found to be over 0.1°/h, so, combining this with previous research results, this is a reasonable value as a guideline for an early warning threshold.
Gastrointestinal Group Education for Children and Adolescents with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders—A Feasibility Study of a Brief Intervention
Authors: Löfgren Emilia , Lindfors Perjohan , Nilsson Karin , Wannstedt Jenny , Bonnert Marianne , Uusijärvi Agneta
Published: December 2023

Functional abdominal pain disorders are common and disabling in children, but treatment options are limited. In a pilot study, we aimed to investigate if a brief group education program for pediatric patients with functional abdominal pain disorders and their parents is feasible and acceptable. Group education in adult irritable bowel syndrome has shown large treatment effects, but it has not been evaluated in children. The gastrointestinal (GI) group education, delivered in the clinic to 23 child–parent dyads, consisted of lectures by a pediatric gastroenterologist, a psychologist, and a dietician. Validated digital questionnaires were filled in by children and parents before and after the intervention. Most participants in the GI group education attended all sessions, and credibility in treatment was deemed high. Children’s self-reported knowledge of functional abdominal pain disorders increased, and improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms were reported at the end of this study. Our findings indicate that group education for children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders, and their parents, is acceptable and feasible and may improve symptoms. A brief group education program may be of benefit in the management of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders in several cases and when the family needs more knowledge than can be provided in primary care.
The (Mostly) Unseen World of Cryptids: Legendary Monsters in North America
Authors: Puglia David J.
Published: December 2023

North America is steeped in legends of cryptids, (mostly) unseen creatures woven into the fabric of its folklore. From legends told by early explorers to contemporary legends told today, these enigmatic beings shape societal perceptions and reflect communal anxieties. Monsters have long fascinated scholars, from ancient luminaries such as Pliny the Elder to modern researchers in “monster theory”. Plodding along diligently since before monster studies became a formalized thematic field, folklorists remain hot on the trail of these secretive creatures and their hidden cultural meanings. Through a conceptual exploration of North American cryptids, this essay seeks to bridge the gap between the unseen and the seen, spotlighting the significant role of legendary monsters in community narratives and urging a resurgence in their academic exploration.
What Can Public Health Administration Learn from the Decision-Making Processes during COVID-19?
Authors: Joyce Andrew , Risely Emma , Green Celia , Carey Gemma , Buick Fiona
Published: December 2023

Human decision-making is prone to biases and the use of heuristics that can result in making logical errors and erroneous causal connections, which were evident during COVID-19 policy developments and potentially contributed to the inadequate and costly responses to COVID-19. There are decision-making frameworks and tools that can improve organisational decision-making. It is currently unknown as to what extent public health administrations have been using these structured organisational-level decision-making processes to counter decision-making biases. Current reviews of COVID-19 policies could examine not just the content of policy decisions but also how decisions were made. We recommend that understanding whether these decision-making processes have been used in public health administration is key to policy reform and learning from the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a research and practice gap that has significant implications for a wide range of public health policy areas and potentially could have made a profound difference in COVID-19-related policy responses.
Correction: Roll et al. Conceptualization and Validation of the Occupation Insecurity Scale (OCIS): Measuring Employees’ Occupation Insecurity Due to Automation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2589
Authors: Roll Lara C. , De Witte Hans , Wang Hai-Jiang
Published: December 2023

There are some errors in the original publication [...]
Bushfires and Mothers’ Mental Health in Pregnancy and Recent Post-Partum
Authors: Cherbuin Nicolas , Bansal Amita , Dahlstrom Jane E. , Carlisle Hazel , Broom Margaret , Nanan Ralph , Sutherland Stewart , Vardoulakis Sotiris , Phillips Christine B. , Peek Michael J. , Christensen Bruce K. , Davis Deborah , Nolan Christopher J.
Published: December 2023

Background: The compounding effects of climate change catastrophes such as bushfires and pandemics impose significant burden on individuals, societies, and their economies. The enduring effects of such syndemics on mental health remain poorly understood, particularly for at-risk populations (e.g., pregnant women and newborns). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of direct and indirect exposure to the 2019/20 Australian Capital Territory and South-Eastern New South Wales bushfires followed by COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of pregnant women and mothers with newborn babies. Methods: All women who were pregnant, had given birth, or were within three months of conceiving during the 2019/2020 bushfires, lived within the catchment area, and provided consent were invited to participate. Those who consented were asked to complete three online surveys. Mental health was assessed with the DASS-21 and the WHO-5. Bushfire, smoke, and COVID-19 exposures were assessed by self-report. Cross-sectional associations between exposures and mental health measures were tested with hierarchical regression models. Results: Of the women who participated, and had minimum data (n = 919), most (>75%) reported at least one acute bushfire exposure and 63% reported severe smoke exposure. Compared to Australian norms, participants had higher depression (+12%), anxiety (+35%), and stress (+43%) scores. Women with greater exposure to bushfires/smoke but not COVID-19 had poorer scores on all mental health measures. Conclusions: These findings provide novel evidence that the mental health of pregnant women and mothers of newborn babies is vulnerable to major climate catastrophes such as bushfires.
“I Genuinely Believe This Is the Most Stigmatised Group within the Social Care Sector”—Health and Social Care Professionals’ Experiences of Working with People with Alcohol-Related Brain Damage: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Kruithof Peter Johan , McGovern William , Haighton Catherine
Published: December 2023

Appropriate diagnosis, treatment and care contribute to better service engagement, improvements to wellbeing, cost savings and reductions in morbidity and mortality for people with alcohol-related brain damage. In Northeast England, large amounts of alcohol are consumed; this is reflected in the number of alcohol-related deaths in the region. However, the pathway for people with alcohol-related brain damage to receive diagnosis, treatment and care is unknown and could be unwittingly influenced by stigma. Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were completed with 25 health and social care professionals from organizations involved with people with alcohol-related brain damage recruited via snowball sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed. People with alcohol-related brain damage were found to be stigmatised by both society and professionals, inhibiting their entry into services. Therefore, alcohol-related brain damage remains underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. There was found to be no dedicated service; silos with revolving doors and underfunded generic care with long waiting lists typically exclude those with alcohol-related or neurological problems. Reducing stigmatising processes associated with alcohol-related brain damage could counteract professionals’ reluctance to provide care.
Switching On/Off Amyloid Plaque Formation in Transgenic Animal Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kozin Sergey A. , Kechko Olga I. , Adzhubei Alexei A. , Makarov Alexander A. , Mitkevich Vladimir A.
Published: December 2023

A hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the proteinaceous aggregates formed by the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) that is deposited inside the brain as amyloid plaques. The accumulation of aggregated Aβ may initiate or enhance pathologic processes in AD. According to the amyloid hypothesis, any agent that has the capability to inhibit Aβ aggregation and/or destroy amyloid plaques represents a potential disease-modifying drug. In 2023, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (lecanemab) against the Aβ-soluble protofibrils was approved by the US FDA for AD therapy, thus providing compelling support to the amyloid hypothesis. To acquire a deeper insight on the in vivo Aβ aggregation, various animal models, including aged herbivores and carnivores, non-human primates, transgenic rodents, fish and worms were widely exploited. This review is based on the recent data obtained using transgenic animal AD models and presents experimental verification of the critical role in Aβ aggregation seeding of the interactions between zinc ions, Aβ with the isomerized Asp7 (isoD7-Aβ) and the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Explainable AI Evaluation: A Top-Down Approach for Selecting Optimal Explanations for Black Box Models
Authors: Mirzaei SeyedehRoksana , Mao Hua , Al-Nima Raid Rafi Omar , Woo Wai Lok
Published: December 2023

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) evaluation has grown significantly due to its extensive adoption, and the catastrophic consequence of misinterpreting sensitive data, especially in the medical field. However, the multidisciplinary nature of XAI research resulted in diverse scholars possessing significant challenges in designing proper evaluation methods. This paper proposes a novel framework of a three-layered top-down approach on how to arrive at an optimal explainer, accenting the persistent need for consensus in XAI evaluation. This paper also investigates a critical comparative evaluation of explanations in both model agnostic and specific explainers including LIME, SHAP, Anchors, and TabNet, aiming to enhance the adaptability of XAI in a tabular domain. The results demonstrate that TabNet achieved the highest classification recall followed by TabPFN, and XGBoost. Additionally, this paper develops an optimal approach by introducing a novel measure of relative performance loss with emphasis on faithfulness and fidelity of global explanations by quantifying the extent to which a model’s capabilities diminish when eliminating topmost features. This addresses a conspicuous gap in the lack of consensus among researchers regarding how global feature importance impacts classification loss, thereby undermining the trust and correctness of such applications. Finally, a practical use case on medical tabular data is provided to concretely illustrate the findings.
Is Short-Term Memory Made of Two Processing Units? Clues from Italian and English Literatures down Several Centuries
Authors: Matricciani Emilio
Published: December 2023

We propose that short-term memory (STM), when processing a sentence, uses two independent units in series. The clues for conjecturing this model emerge from studying many novels from Italian and English Literature. This simple model, referring to the surface of language, seems to describe mathematically the input-output characteristics of a complex mental process involved in reading/writing a sentence. We show that there are no significant mathematical/statistical differences between the two literary corpora by considering deep-language variables and linguistic communication channels. Therefore, the surface mathematical structure of alphabetical languages is very deeply rooted in the human mind, independently of the language used. The first processing unit is linked to the number of words between two contiguous interpunctions, variable Ip, approximately ranging in Miller’s 7 ± 2 range; the second unit is linked to the number of Ip’s contained in a sentence, variable MF, ranging approximately from 1 to 6. The overall capacity required to process a sentence fully ranges from 8.3 to 61.2 words, values that can be converted into time by assuming a reading speed, giving the range 2.6∼19.5 s for fast-reading and 5.3∼30.1 s for the average reader. Since a sentence conveys meaning, the surface features we have found might be a starting point to arrive at an information theory that includes meaning.
Advancements in Nutritional Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence
Authors: Sánchez-García Juan Carlos , Saraceno López-Palop Ines , Piqueras-Sola Beatriz , Cortés-Martín Jonathan , Mellado-García Elena , Muñóz Sánchez Inmaculada , Rodríguez-Blanque Raquel
Published: December 2023

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as hyperglycaemia first detected at any time during pregnancy with values lower than those determined by the WHO for diabetes diagnosis in adults. This pathology, with a worldwide prevalence of 13.4%, causes significant maternal and foetal risks. The first line of treatment consists of maintaining normo-glycaemia through an adequate diet and lifestyle changes. The aim is to synthesize the scientific evidence updating the nutritional recommendations for the effective management of GDM. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized clinical trials published within the last five years and providing information on nutritional recommendations to achieve an effective management of gestational diabetes were selected. The databases searched were PubMed, the WOS Core Collection, SCOPUS, and CINAHL, using the MeSH terms: “Diabetes, Gestational”; “Nutrition Assessment (nutrition*)”; “Diet”; “Eating”; and “Food”; with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR”. The PEDro scale (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was used to assess the scientific quality of the studies, with a mean score of 8.9, indicating an average good scientific quality. Results: A total of 809 papers were collected, of which, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 randomized clinical trials were selected. Probiotic supplementation and co-supplementation with vitamin D have been found to be the most beneficial options for both mothers with GDM and neonates, but the most effective regimens are not known. Diets enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and oat bran, as well as some recommendations focused on carbohydrates also seem effective, as well as diets designed for this group of women with GDM such as “CHOICE”. Conclusions: Although there are numerous proposals that have been published in recent years focused on the diet of women with GDM in order to improve their results and those of their children, it is the supplementation with probiotics and the co-supplementation with vitamin D that is most agreed upon as beneficial; however, more research is needed into which protocols are most effective. Other proposals that could also be beneficial should be further studied.
Assessing the Influence of Typhoons on Salt Intrusion in the Modaomen Estuary within the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Yang Fang , Xu Yanwen , Zhang Wei , Zou Huazhi , Yang Jie , Liang Jingxi , Ji Xiaomei
Published: December 2023

Salt intrusion presents a significant environmental challenge in numerous estuaries around the world, including the Modaomen Estuary in China. This phenomenon typically occurs during the winter season due to reduced freshwater flow. However, an unusual salt intrusion event was observed during the autumn of 2022, coinciding with a typhoon. In this study, we assess the response of the Modaomen to Typhoon Nesat in 2022 and examine the influence of the typhoon on salt intrusion using the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM). The model results reveal that salt intrusion during a typhoon event is primarily driven by the storm surge and landward Ekman transport. Northeasterly winds enhance stratification between saltwater and freshwater in the Modaomen. Moreover, with the typhoon’s passage, the Denglongshan Station recorded a peak salinity of 17 psu, with salt intrusion stretching 29 km further. This escalation led to salinity levels surpassing the local drinking water standard of 0.5 psu across all freshwater intake points in Zhuhai City. Numerical experiments indicate that if Typhoon Nesat had occurred during spring tides, the salt intrusion would have been less severe. Furthermore, the study revealed that regulating the upstream runoff could potentially alleviate the effects of typhoon-induced salt intrusion on ensuring a safe water supply. With a runoff increase to 4000 m3/s, the impact of typhoons on Modaomen’s drinking water supply can be managed, and at 6000 m3/s, the influence of typhoons on water supply becomes negligible.
Numerical Investigation of Flow and Scour around Complex Bridge Piers in Wind–Wave–Current Conditions
Authors: Yang Yilin , Li Jinzhao , Zou Waner , Chen Benshuang
Published: December 2023

A sea-crossing bridge is typically constructed in a marine environment with complex piers, and is susceptible to severe scour at the foundation. This study presents a numerical investigation on flow and scour around a complex pier, specifically focusing on a real-world sea-crossing bridge in China. A comprehensive CFD model incorporating hydrodynamic, free surface, sediment transport, and morphological models is employed for numerical modeling. Additionally, a wind shear stress model is considered to accurately simulate wind generation. The validation of the CFD model is achieved through comparison with experimental data of scour around a cylinder, demonstrating its capability to accurately replicate scour morphology and the temporal evolution of scour depth. Subsequently, the validated model is utilized for full-scale simulation of scour around the complex bridge pier under different wind, wave, and current conditions. The results indicate that compared to single piers with uniform cross-sectional shapes, flow patterns around complex piers are much more complicated. Scour predominantly occurs around the first row of group piles, while downstream piles experience less scour due to the sheltering effect from upstream piles. Furthermore, it becomes evident that the current exerts greater influence on pier scour than waves and wind, while the latter two factors primarily influence the superstructure of the bridge.
Current Management and Future Directions for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed , Abbas Mohammed , Kamel Moaz , Farina Juan , Pereyra Milagros , Scalia Isabel , Barry Timothy , Chao Chieh-Ju , Marcotte Francois , Ayoub Chadi , Scott Robert , Majdalany David , Arsanjani Reza
Published: December 2023

Current management of patients with congenital heart disease has increased their survival into adulthood. This is accompanied by potential cardiac complications, including pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD). PAH-CHD constitutes a challenging subgroup of pulmonary hypertension and requires expert management to improve quality of life and prognosis. Novel agents have shown a significant improvement in morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the long-term effects of these medications on PAH-CHD patients remain somewhat uncertain, necessitating treatment plans largely founded on the clinical experience of the healthcare providers. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence and future perspectives regarding treatment strategies for PAH-CHD to help better guide management of this complex disease.
Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Neonatal Complications: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Silva-Jose Cristina , May Linda , Sánchez-Polán Miguel , Zhang Dingfeng , Barrera-Garcimartín Alejandro , Refoyo Ignacio , Barakat Rubén
Published: December 2023

Newborn hospitalisations after delivery are indicators of poor neonatal health with potential risks of future diseases for children. Interventions to promote a healthy environment have been used during pregnancy, with physical activity as a principal element. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of physical activity during pregnancy on neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions and Apgar 1 and 5 scores (Registration No.: CRD42022372493). Fifty studies (11,492 pregnant women) were included. There were significantly different rates of NICU admissions between groups (RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62, 0.93; Z = 2.65, p = 0.008; I2 = 0%, and Pheterogeneity = 0.78), and significant differences in Apgar 1 (Z = 2.04; p = 0.04) (MD = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.17, I2 = 65%, Pheterogeneity = 0.00001) and Apgar 5 (Z = 3.15; p = 0.002) (MD = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.15, I2 = 80%, and Pheterogeneity = 0.00001), favouring intervention groups. Physical activity during pregnancy could help to reduce the risk of NICU admissions that are related to neonatal complications.
The Combination of Uric Acid and Hemoglobin Levels Predicts the Incident Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease More Than Uric Acid Alone in Non-Diabetic Koreans: A Longitudinal Study Using National Health Insurance Data
Authors: Lee Sung-Bum , Lee Hui-Jeong , Ryu Ha Eun , Park Byoungjin , Jung Dong-Hyuk
Published: December 2023

Uric acid has been related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, slightly elevated hemoglobin (Hb) was also shown to be associated with CVD. We retrospectively investigated the joint effect of uric acid and elevated Hb by comparing normal-range uric acid alone on incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk in a large cohort of non-diabetic Korean adults using National Health Insurance data. We assessed 16,786 participants without diabetes (8595 men and 8191 women) using extensive cohort data. High Hb was defined as ≥16.4 g/dL in men and 13.8 g/dL in women (>75th percentile). We analyzed the data using two different methods. First, the participants were divided into quartiles according to uric acid levels. Second, subjects were also divided into quartiles: reference (group 1), high uric acid and normal Hb (group 2), normal uric acid and high Hb (group 3), and normal uric acid and high Hb (group 4). We evaluated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD using multivariate Cox regression analysis over a 50-month follow-up. During the follow-up, 345 (1.9%) participants developed IHD. In the analysis using both uric acid and Hb, compared with the reference group, the HRs for IHD were 1.37 (95% CI, 1.01–1.86) in the second group, 1.63 (95% CI, 1.21–2.21) in the third group, and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.30–2.67) in the fourth group after adjusting for IHD risk factors. Subsequently, patients with high uric acid are more likely to develop incident IHD than control patients. Moreover, we confirmed the joint effects of high uric acid and high hemoglobin on incident IHD. Awareness of these interactions is essential for clinicians. Risk factor management and screening for IHD are part of the routine management of patients with high uric acid and Hb.
Reverse Stock Splits and Liquidity in ETFs
Authors: Lobanova Olesya , Aidov Alexandre
Published: December 2023

This study aims to address a gap in the existing literature pertaining to the liquidity of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Specifically, we examine the effect of reverse share splits on ETF liquidity. In contrast to equities, the utilization of ETFs enables the separation of signaling and liquidity considerations. Findings suggest that liquidity improves after reverse splits in both univariate and multivariate results. In the absence of delisting concerns, results support the liquidity hypothesis of stock splits.
The Production of Empty Space and Deserts in the South-Central Andean Highlands
Authors: Meza Aliaga Mónica , Prieto Manuel , Rodríguez Díaz Paulina , Meza Aliaga Michel
Published: December 2023

Imaginaries serve as the foundational framework shaping representations and influencing societal perspectives, subsequently guiding specific practices. Within the realm of geographical imaginaries, this article adopted a geohistorical perspective, using periodicals, secondary sources, and contemporary digital media to shed light on the geography of the highlands of northern Chile. Our objective was to emphasize the representations that have discouraged the occupation of these mountainous regions. Our findings revealed the emergence of a geographic imaginary that attributes desert-like qualities to the entire northern region of Chile, extending beyond the “unpopulated area of Atacama”. This misleading characterization fails to distinguish desert areas from the topographic variations existing between the Andes and the Pacific coast. These representations, which have translated into depopulation practices, have stigmatized the highland areas as synonymous with desolation and inhospitality, seemingly unsuitable for daily life, social production, and reproduction potential. Consequently, both spaces and individuals have been objectified for development, perpetuating the capitalist system as the dominant mode of production.
Fascia Tissue Manipulations in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pragmatic Comparative Randomized Clinical Trial of the 4xT Method® and Exercise Therapy
Authors: Amstel Robbert van , Noten Karl , Malone Shaun , Vaes Peter
Published: December 2023

Background: The 4xT method is a protocolized practice in treating musculoskeletal disorders. The 4xT method consists of four components: Test (functional diagnostic test), Trigger (fascia tissue manipulations), Tape (elastic taping), and Train (exercise). There is a lack of clinical studies evaluating the treatment effects of the use of the 4xT method. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the 4xT method and exercise therapy-only in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Based on a priori sample size calculation, fifty-one individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain were randomly assigned to either the 4xT or exercise group. Both groups underwent a six-week rehabilitation program with two treatments per week. The primary outcomes were trunk flexion and extension mobility, trunk flexion, and extension mobility-dependent pain, and quality of life evaluated during a 6-week therapy period and after a 6-week therapy-off period. Results: Interaction effects were noted in all outcomes. The 4xT group showed significant improvements over time for trunk flexion and extension mobility, trunk flexion and extension mobility-dependent pain, and quality of life (p < 0.05), with no significant relapse post-therapy (except for extension mobility). The exercise group exhibited significant within-time changes in the quality of life, as measured with the VAS (p < 0.05), but not for EQ-5D-3L. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the 4xT method stands out as a promising and impactful treatment option for chronic nonspecific low back pain individuals, as it demonstrated significant reductions in mobility-dependent pain, increased trunk mobility, and improved quality of life compared to exercise-only treatments.
On Line Diagrams Plus Modality
Authors: Castro-Manzano J.-Martín
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we produce an extension of Englebretsen’s line diagrams in order to represent modal syllogistic, i.e., we add some diagrammatic objects and rules to his system in order to reason about modal syllogistics in a diagrammatic, linear fashion.
Estimation of Road Wetness from a Passenger Car
Authors: Edjeou Wiyao , Riahi Ebrahim , Gennesseaux Manuela , Cerezo Veronique , Do Minh-Tan
Published: December 2023

This paper presents an evaluation of a system aiming at estimating water depths on a road surface. Using accelerometers, the system records the vibrations of a wheel arch liner due to impacts of water droplets. The system setup, including the location of the accelerometers on a wheel arch and the data acquisition, is described. Tests were performed with a passenger car on various road surfaces and at different vehicle speeds and water depths. Signals recorded by the accelerometers are filtered and processed. The link between the acceleration amplitude, the water depth, and the vehicle speed is consistent with results from previous studies. The effect of the surface texture is less obvious and needs further investigations. A mathematical model has been developed to relate the acceleration amplitude to the water depth. The potential application of the developed system to on-board evaluation of pavement wetness, and consequently the pavement skid resistance, is discussed. Perspectives for driver assistance, or more generally, for autonomous driving to improve traffic safety, are also highlighted.
Bis(2,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-6,6′-(1,2-diselanediyl)dihexanoate
Authors: Popa Evelyn , Andelescu Adelina A. , Badea Valentin , Svera (m. Ianăşi) Paula , Szerb Elisabeta I.
Published: December 2023

The present paper describes the preparation and characterization of a new dinuclear ligand based on terpyridine featuring a diselenide unit. This new compound was synthesized in a two-step procedure that first involved the insertion of the diselenide moiety on a carboxylic acid and was followed by a Steglich esterification reaction between the biscarboxylic acid containing the diselenide unit and 2,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-4-ol (tpyOH). The title compound was characterized via FT-IR, Raman, NMR (1D and 2D), and UV-Vis spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Emission properties were investigated.
High-Yield Preparation of American Oyster Defensin (AOD) via a Small and Acidic Fusion Tag and Its Functional Characterization
Authors: Zhao Qingyi , Yang Na , Gu Xinxi , Li Yuanyuan , Teng Da , Hao Ya , Lu Haiqiang , Mao Ruoyu , Wang Jianhua
Published: December 2023

The marine peptide, American oyster defensin (AOD), is derived from Crassostrea virginica and exhibits a potent bactericidal effect. However, recombinant preparation has not been achieved due to the high charge and hydrophobicity. Although the traditional fusion tags such as Trx and SUMO shield the effects of target peptides on the host, their large molecular weight (12–20 kDa) leads to the yields lower than 20% of the fusion protein. In this study, a short and acidic fusion tag was employed with a compact structure of only 1 kDa. Following 72 h of induction in a 5 L fermenter, the supernatant exhibited a total protein concentration of 587 mg/L. The recombinant AOD was subsequently purified through affinity chromatography and enterokinase cleavage, resulting in the final yield of 216 mg/L and a purity exceeding 93%. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AOD against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus galactis ranged from 4 to 8 μg/mL. Moreover, time-killing curves indicated that AOD achieved a bactericidal rate of 99.9% against the clinical strain S. epidermidis G-81 within 0.5 h at concentrations of 2× and 4× MIC. Additionally, the activity of AOD was unchanged after treatment with artificial gastric fluid and intestinal fluid for 4 h. Biocompatibility testing demonstrated that AOD, at a concentration of 128 μg/mL, exhibited a hemolysis rate of less than 0.5% and a cell survival rate of over 83%. Furthermore, AOD’s in vivo therapeutic efficacy against mouse subcutaneous abscess revealed its capability to restrain bacterial proliferation and reduce bacterial load, surpassing that of antibiotic lincomycin. These findings indicate AOD’s potential for clinical usage.
Assessment of Gallbladder Drainage Methods in the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis: A Literature Review
Authors: Bozic Dorotea , Ardalic Zarko , Mestrovic Antonio , Bilandzic Ivisic Josipa , Alicic Damir , Zaja Ivan , Ivanovic Tomislav , Bozic Ivona , Puljiz Zeljko , Bratanic Andre
Published: December 2023

Gallbladder drainage is a treatment option in high-risk surgical patients with moderate or severe acute cholecystitis. It may be applied as a bridge to cholecystectomy or a definitive treatment option. Apart from the simple and widely accessible percutaneous cholecystostomy, new attractive techniques have emerged in the previous decade, including endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage. The aim of this paper is to present currently available drainage techniques in the treatment of AC; evaluate their technical and clinical effectiveness, advantages, possible adverse events, and patient outcomes; and illuminate the decision-making path when choosing among various treatment modalities for each patient, depending on their clinical characteristics and the accessibility of methods.
Accuracy Comparison between Robot-Assisted Dental Implant Placement and Static/Dynamic Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Jain Saurabh , Sayed Mohammed E. , Ibraheem Wael I. , Ageeli Abrar A. , Gandhi Sumir , Jokhadar Hossam F. , AlResayes Saad Saleh , Alqarni Hatem , Alshehri Abdullah Hasan , Huthan Halah Mohammed , Alami Atheer , Al Wadei Mohammed Hussain Dafer , Aljabri Yahya
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis undertake a comparison of studies that examine the accuracy of robot-assisted dental implant placement in relation to static computer-assisted implant surgery (SCAIS), dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (DCAIS), and freehand procedures. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the precision of robot-assisted dental implant placement and its comparative efficacy in relation to other placement techniques. Methods: The guidelines recommended by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used to organize and compose this review. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane) were systematically searched for pertinent articles. Articles were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the selected articles were performed. Results: The initial electronic search resulted in 1087 hits. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were selected for qualitative analysis, out of which three were considered for quantitative analysis. Three parameters were considered for accuracy evaluation (angular, coronal, and apical deviation). The mean angular deviation was −1.22 degrees (95% CI, −1.06–−1.39), the mean coronal deviation was −0.15 mm (95% CI, −0.24–−0.07), and the mean apical deviation was −0.19 mm (95% CI, −0.27–−0.10). Conclusions: The robotic implant system was found to have significantly lower angular deviations and insignificantly lower coronal and apical deviations compared to DCAIS. Within the limitations of this review, it can be concluded that robot-assisted implant placement in resin models permits higher accuracy compared to DCAIS and SCAIS systems. However, due to the limited number of comparative studies with high heterogeneity, the findings of this review should be interpreted with caution. Further research is necessary to confirm the clinical application of robotics in implant surgery.
From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation
Authors: Popa Alina Delia , Niță Otilia , Caba Lavinia , Gherasim Andreea , Graur Mariana , Mihalache Laura , Arhire Lidia Iuliana
Published: December 2023

Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and often leads to cardiometabolic chronic comorbidities. It induces senescence-related alterations in adipose tissue, and senescence is closely linked to obesity. Fully elucidating the pathways through which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects may improve our understanding of local adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. In this narrative review, we compiled and analyzed the literature from diverse academic sources, focusing on recent developments to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of vitamin D on inflammation associated with obesity and senescence. The article reveals that the activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) and NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing, pyrin domain-containing-3) pathways through the toll-like receptors, which increases oxidative stress and cytokine release, is a common mechanism underlying inflammation associated with obesity and senescence, and it discusses the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D in alleviating the development of subclinical inflammation. Investigating the main target cells and pathways of vitamin D action in adipose tissue could help uncover complex mechanisms of obesity and cellular senescence. This review summarizes significant findings related to opportunities for improving metabolic health.
Constant Pressure-Regulated Microdroplet Polymerase Chain Reaction in Microfluid Chips: A Methodological Study
Authors: Duanmu Luyang , Shen Youji , Gong Ping , Zhang Hao , Meng Xiangkai , Yu Yuanhua
Published: December 2023

Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in microfluidic systems often results in bubble formation post-amplification, leading to microdroplet fragmentation and compromised detection accuracy. To solve this issue, this study introduces a method based on the constant pressure regulation of microdroplets during PCR within microfluidic chips. An ideal pressure reference value for continuous pressure control was produced by examining air solubility in water at various pressures and temperatures as well as modeling air saturation solubility against pressure for various temperature scenarios. Employing a high-efficiency constant pressure device facilitates precise modulation of the microfluidic chip’s inlet and outlet pressure. This ensures that air solubility remains unsaturated during PCR amplification, preventing bubble precipitation and maintaining microdroplet integrity. The device and chip were subsequently utilized for quantitative analysis of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 18 gene, with results indicating a strong linear relationship between detection signal and DNA concentration within a range of 101–105 copies/μL (R2 = 0.999). By thwarting bubble generation during PCR process, the constant pressure methodology enhances microdroplet stability and PCR efficiency, underscoring its significant potential for nucleic acid quantification and trace detection.
Electrochemical Assays for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs—A Review
Authors: Fendrych Katarzyna , Górska-Ratusznik Anna , Smajdor Joanna
Published: December 2023

This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding electrochemical methods for determining the active substances within drugs that are used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electrochemical methods of analysis, due to their sensitivity and easiness, are a great alternative to other, usually more expensive analytical assays. The determination of active substances mentioned in this review is based on oxidation or reduction processes on the surface of the working electrode. A wide variety of working electrodes, often modified with materials such as nanoparticles or conducting polymers, have been used for the highly sensitive analysis of antidiabetic drugs. The presented assays allow us to determine the compounds of interest in various samples, such as pharmaceutical products or different human bodily fluids.
Design Guideline for a Cantilever-Type MEMS Switch with High Contact Force
Authors: Uvarov Ilia V. , Belozerov Igor A.
Published: December 2023

Micromechanical switches are of significant interest for advanced radio frequency and microwave systems, but their practical implementation is limited by low reliability. Electrodes of a microscopic size develop weak contact force that leads to high and unstable contact resistance. The force is typically increased by using a sophisticated switch design with extended lateral dimensions, although a simple and compact cantilever is more preferable. The paper describes for the first time a comprehensive approach to enhance the force of an electrostatically actuated switch. The strategy is applied to a miniature device based on a 50 µm long cantilever. The contact force is increased from 10 to 112 µN, making the switch strong enough to achieve low and stable contact resistance. The restoring force is also enhanced in order to ensure reliable de-actuation. The growth of forces is accompanied by a reduction in the pull-in voltage. Connecting several cantilevers in parallel and manipulating the number and position of contact bumps additionally improves the force and mechanical stability of the switch. An optimal design contains a triple cantilever with two bumps. It provides 50% higher force per contact compared to the single-cantilever switch at the same pull-in voltage and keeps the advantages of a miniature device. The proposed design strategy may be used for building reliable MEMS switches.
Properties of Potential Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Their Effect on Wheat Growth Promotion (Triticum aestivum) and Soil Characteristics
Authors: Voronina Elena , Sokolova Ekaterina , Tromenschleger Irina , Mishukova Olga , Hlistun Inna , Miroshnik Matvei , Savenkov Oleg , Buyanova Maria , Ivanov Ilya , Galyamova Maria , Smirnova Natalya
Published: December 2023

Plant-growth-promoting bacteria are an important economic and environmental resource as biofertilizers that can stimulate plant growth and improve agricultural yields. In this study, potential plant growth-promoting bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected in Russia. Strains that manifested active growth on a nitrogen-free medium, the Pikovskaya medium (with insoluble phosphates) and CAS (Chrome Azurol S) agar, were selected for the study. All bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Seventeen bacterial isolates of different species were purified and quantified for their ability to grow on nitrogen-free media; dissolve phosphate; and produce ammonium, indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, and antifungal activity. Principal component analysis identified three groups of strains: one with the maximum signs of providing “plant nutrition”; one with signs of “antimicrobial activity”; and a group “without outstanding signs”. All 17 strains were involved in experiments involving growing inoculated wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) in pots under natural environmental conditions, and were assessed by their effect on the wheat growth and yield as well as on the chemical composition of the soil. For the “plant nutrition” group, regression analysis revealed a connection between indicators of plant growth, ear length, and ammonium accumulation in the soil. However, in other groups, there were also strains showing a positive effect on plant growth, which suggests the necessity of involving additional factors to predict the ability of strains to affect plants when screened in the laboratory.
Precise Determination of Eu Concentration in Coal and Sedimentary Rock Samples Using High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS)
Authors: Zhao Shumao , Liu Jingjing , Jia Rongkun , Feng Jiawei , Teng Kaiyan , Han Qiuchan , Shang Niande
Published: December 2023

Europium (Eu) in coal and sedimentary rocks has important mineral resource potential as well as being a crucial parameter in geochemical studies that can represent changes in the depositional environment during coal deposition and identify the depositional source region. Therefore, it is essential to realize the precise measurement of Eu in coal as this could be a useful parameter for paleoenvironmental reconstruction studies and the exploration of mineral resources. During inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, polyatomic ions of Ba may interfere with Eu, causing the observed value to be higher than the actual value. This paper develops a new approach for Eu determination by using a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). The mass spectral interference and correction of Eu in the coal and sedimentary rock samples at low, medium, and high resolutions were investigated. The results showed that in the high-resolution mode (resolution = 10,000 amu), the interference of polyatomic ions of Ba could be distinguished from Eu; hence, Eu was determined under this circumstance. Under the optimal experimental circumstances, the detection limit was 0.006 μg/mL, the relative standard deviation was 0.80%–1.22%, and the linear correlation coefficient of the standard curve was over 0.9999. The recoveries of the 103Rh internal standard solution ranged from 94.41% to 100.10%. This method was verified using standard reference materials and selected samples, which demonstrated its high sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability, and a low detection limit, making it appropriate for detecting Eu in samples of coal and sedimentary rocks.