bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ion Migration Enhances the Performance of Perovskite CsPbBr3 γ‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Pan Lei , Bayikadi Khasim Saheb , Pandey Indra Raj , Karki Sujita , Liu Zhifu , Peters John A. , De Siena Michael , Chung Duck Young , Wessels Bruce W. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: November 2024

Uncontrolled ion migration is well‐known in perovskite‐based semiconductor devices. Here, it is shown that instead of being detrimental, ion migration can be used to enhance the performance of perovskite CsPbBr3 semiconductor gamma‐ray detectors. Through the deliberate application of electrical biasing, ion migration is actively controlled to modify the metal‐CsPbBr3 interface barrier height in devices with asymmetric electrodes. Ion migration plays a pivotal role in reducing bulk defects, as evidenced by the contact potential difference measurement, thermally stimulated current spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. The evidence suggests that biasing‐induced ion migration in CsPbBr3 results in a reduction in electron traps and significant detector improvement. As biasing at elevated temperatures expedites ion migration, preconditioning the CsPbBr3 crystals through reverse biasing is a promising strategy for enhancing their energy‐resolving performance.
Triboelectrification Based on the Waste Waterproof Textiles for Multisource Energy Harvesting
Authors: Kaja Kushal Ruthvik , Hajra Sugato , Panda Swati , Belal Mohamed A. , Pakawanit Phakkhananan , Vittayakorn Naratip , Bowen Chris , Khanbareh Hamideh , Kim Hoe Joon
Published: November 2024

The demand for sustainable energy resources to power sensor networks such as consumer electronics, agricultural technologies, digital forest management, and home automation is rapidly increasing. There are sustainability challenges to consider, where waste waterproof textiles are critical to encourage the development of a circular economy in the development of new energy technologies. This present work focuses on the utilization of direct waste waterproof textiles to design two types of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which include a liquid‐solid based TENG (L‐S TENG) and a flapper‐type TENG. The bottom electrode configuration for the L‐S TENG and single electric mode working mechanism is considered for the flapper‐type TENG. Waste waterproof textiles can lead to a possible expansion of sustainable material for energy harvesters. The raincoat textile‐based L‐S TENG (L‐STENG‐R) is able to generate 0.5 V at a tilt angle of 50 degrees and power of 0.41 nW. TENGs based on discarded waterproof textiles are further utilized to demonstrate their phase change sensing, along with wind and water energy harvesting. This approach focus on decreasing waste and lower dependency on traditional resources to support environmentally responsible energy alternatives.
H. Pylori‐Facilitated TERT/Wnt/β‐Catenin Triggers Spasmolytic Polypeptide‐Expressing Metaplasia and Oxyntic Atrophy
Authors: He Lijiao , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Shengwei , Wang Yi , Hu Weichao , Li Jie , Liu Yunyi , Liao Yu , Peng Xue , Li Jianjun , Zhao Haiyan , Wang Liting , Lv Yang‐Fan , Hu Chang‐Jiang , Yang Shi‐Ming
Published: November 2024

Persistent H. pylori infection triggers the repair program of the mucosa, such as spasmolytic polypeptide‐expressing metaplasia (SPEM). However, the mechanism underlying the initiation of SPEM in gastric tissues by H. pylori remains unclear. Here, an increase in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein expression is observed in chief cells upon infection with cagA‐positive H. pylori. Tert knockout significantly ameliorated H. pylori‐induced SPEM and single‐cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that the Wnt/β‐Catenin pathway is suppressed in gastric cells with Tert knockout. Mechanism study revealed that CagA elevated TERT abundance by disrupting the interaction between TERT and its novel E3 ligase, SYVN1. Interestingly, Nitazoxanide effectively relieved SPEM via inhibition of the Wnt/β‐Catenin signaling in vivo. This results clarified the mechanism underlying which CagA activated the TERT/Wnt/β‐Catenin pathway, thus promoting the dedifferentiation of chief cells and the occurrence of SPEM in gastric mucosa. This highlights a molecular basis for targeting CagA‐activated Wnt signaling in chief cells for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions.
Unconventional Anomalous Hall Effect Driven by Self‐Intercalation in Covalent 2D Magnet Cr2Te3
Authors: He Keke , Bian Mengying , Seddon Samuel D. , Jagadish Koushik , Mucchietto Andrea , Ren He , Kirstein Erik , Asadi Reza , Bai Jaeil , Yao Chao , Pan Sheng , Yu Jie‐Xiang , Milde Peter , Huai Chang , Hui Haolei , Zang Jiadong , Sabirianov Renat , Cheng Xuemei M. , Miao Guoxing , Xing Hui , Shao Yu‐Tsun , Crooker Scott A. , Eng Lukas , Hou Yanglong , Bird Jonathan P. , Zeng Hao
Published: November 2024

Covalent 2D magnets such as Cr2Te3, which feature self‐intercalated magnetic cations located between monolayers of transition‐metal dichalcogenide material, offer a unique platform for controlling magnetic order and spin texture, enabling new potential applications for spintronic devices. Here, it is demonstrated that the unconventional anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in Cr2Te3, characterized by additional humps and dips near the coercive field in AHE hysteresis, originates from an intrinsic mechanism dictated by the self‐intercalation. This mechanism is distinctly different from previously proposed mechanisms such as topological Hall effect, or two‐channel AHE arising from spatial inhomogeneities. Crucially, multiple Weyl‐like nodes emerge in the electronic band structure due to strong spin‐orbit coupling, whose positions relative to the Fermi level is sensitively modulated by the canting angles of the self‐intercalated Cr cations. These nodes contribute strongly to the Berry curvature and AHE conductivity. This component competes with the contribution from bands that are less affected by the self‐intercalation, resulting in a sign change in AHE with temperature and the emergence of additional humps and dips. The findings provide compelling evidence for the intrinsic origin of the unconventional AHE in Cr2Te3 and further establish self‐intercalation as a control knob for engineering AHE in complex magnets.
Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Advanced Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Duan Haowei , Peng Shuhua , He Shuai , Tang Shi‐Yang , Goda Keisuke , Wang Chun H. , Li Ming
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in wearable electrochemical biosensors have opened new avenues for on‐body and continuous detection of biomarkers, enabling personalized, real‐time, and preventive healthcare. While glucose monitoring has set a precedent for wearable biosensors, the field is rapidly expanding to include a wider range of analytes crucial for disease diagnosis, treatment, and management. In this review, recent key innovations are examined in the design and manufacturing underpinning these biosensing platforms including biorecognition elements, signal transduction methods, electrode and substrate materials, and fabrication techniques. The applications of these biosensors are then highlighted in detecting a variety of biochemical markers, such as small molecules, hormones, drugs, and macromolecules, in biofluids including interstitial fluid, sweat, wound exudate, saliva, and tears. Additionally, the review also covers recent advances in wearable electrochemical biosensing platforms, such as multi‐sensory integration, closed‐loop control, and power supply. Furthermore, the challenges associated with critical issues are discussed, such as biocompatibility, biofouling, and sensor degradation, and the opportunities in materials science, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence to overcome these limitations.
Implantable Self‐Powered Systems for Electrical Stimulation Medical Devices
Authors: Cui Xi , Wu Li , Zhang Chao , Li Zhou
Published: November 2024

With the integration of bioelectronics and materials science, implantable self‐powered systems for electrical stimulation medical devices have emerged as an innovative therapeutic approach, garnering significant attention in medical research. These devices achieve self‐powering through integrated energy conversion modules, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), significantly enhancing the portability and long‐term efficacy of therapeutic equipment. This review delves into the design strategies and clinical applications of implantable self‐powered systems, encompassing the design and optimization of energy harvesting modules, the selection and fabrication of adaptable electrode materials, innovations in systematic design strategies, and the extensive utilization of implantable self‐powered systems in biological therapies, including the treatment of neurological disorders, tissue regeneration engineering, drug delivery, and tumor therapy. Through a comprehensive analysis of the latest research progress, technical challenges, and future directions in these areas, this paper aims to provide valuable insights and inspiration for further research and clinical applications of implantable self‐powered systems.
Shedding Light on the Active Species in a Cobalt‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hosseini Pouya , Rodríguez‐Camargo Andrés , Jiang Yiqun , Zhang Siyuan , Scheu Christina , Yao Liang , Lotsch Bettina V. , Tschulik Kristina
Published: November 2024

While considerable efforts have been devoted to developing functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in recent years, studies related to the investigation of the true catalytically active species for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain lacking in the field. In this work, the active species of a cobalt‐functionalized COF (TpBpy‐Co) is studied as electrochemical OER catalyst through a series of electrochemical measurements and post‐electrolysis characterizations. These results suggest that cobalt oxide‐based nanoparticles are formed in TpBpy‐Co from Co(II) ions coordinated to the COF backbone when exposing TpBpy‐Co to alkaline media, and these newly formed nanoparticles serve as the primary active species for oxygen evolution. The study thus emphasizes that caution is warranted when assessing the catalytic activity of COF electrocatalysts, as the pristine COF may act as the pre‐catalyst, with the active species forming only under catalyst operating conditions. Specifically, strong coordination between COFs and metal centers under electrochemical operation conditions is crucial to avoid unintended transformation of COF electrocatalysts. This work thus contributes to the rational development of earth‐abundant COF OER catalysts for the production of green hydrogen from renewable resources.
Device Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Materials (Version 5)
Authors: Almora Osbel , Bazan Guillermo C. , Cabrera Carlos I. , Castriotta Luigi A. , Erten‐Ela Sule , Forberich Karen , Fukuda Kenjiro , Guo Fei , Hauch Jens , Ho‐Baillie Anita W.Y. , Jacobsson T. Jesper , Janssen Rene A.J. , Kirchartz Thomas , Lunt Richard R. , Mathew Xavier , Mitzi David B. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Nelson Jenny , Nogueira Ana F. , Paetzold Ulrich. W. , Rand Barry P. , Rau Uwe , Someya Takao , Sprau Christian , Vaillant‐Roca Lídice , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: November 2024

This 5th annual “Emerging PV Report” highlights the latest advancements in the performance of emerging photovoltaic (e‐PV) devices across various e‐PV research areas, as documented in peer‐reviewed articles published since August 2023. Updated graphs, tables, and analyses are provided, showcasing several key performance parameters, including the power conversion efficiency, open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, fill factor, light utilization efficiency, and stability test energy yield. These parameters are presented as functions of the photovoltaic bandgap energy and average visible transmittance for each technology and application and are contextualized using benchmarks such as the detailed balance efficiency limit.
Interactive Haptic System with Multimodal Tactile Sensing and Hydraulic Feedback for Realistic Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Jeong Jingu , Kang Mingyu , Song Youngsup , Pyo Soonjae
Published: November 2024

With the increasing demand for immersive haptic experiences, multimodal tactile sensing and feedback have become crucial for enhancing user interaction. In this work, an interactive haptic system comprising a robotic hand and wearable tactile feedback device is introduced to facilitate tactile information exchange between humans and robots. The robotic hand, equipped with force and temperature sensors, mimics human movements through vision recognition and captures detailed tactile data. The data are then transmitted to the user through a hydraulic feedback device, providing realistic touch sensations. The dual capabilities of the hydraulic mechanism to simultaneously simulate both pressure and temperature sensations simplify the device structure and enhance reliability compared to systems that require multiple tactile actuators. The force feedback system delivers pressures ranging from 0.5 to 10.5 N across five levels while the temperature feedback mechanism provides thermal sensations ranging from 3 to 50 °C across three levels. Extensive experimental validations demonstrate the system's effectiveness in applications such as remote robotic surgery and telepresence, enabling users to perceive real‐time contact pressure and temperature during remote manipulation tasks. The proposed system, capable of delivering multimodal tactile feedback through a single actuator, represents a significant step toward more immersive and realistic haptic experiences, highlighting its broad applicability.
Health Care Transition Programs for Adolescents and Young Adults With Hereditary Cancer Predisposition: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gabriel Jazmine , Lyons Tierney , Schlieder Victoria , Zultevicz Sarah , Frasch Bryel , Davis Thomas W. , Buchanan Adam H. , Campbell‐Salome Gemme
Published: November 2024

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with increased risk for cancer due to hereditary predisposition, previous cancer treatment, or both are eligible for increased surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery that can improve early detection and prevention of cancers. One way to ensure continuity of cancer prevention care is to support adolescents through the transition from pediatric to adult health care. Yet, there are limited data on the impl ementation of health care transition (HCT) programs for AYA with increased risk for cancer. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on transition programs for AYA at increased risk of cancer due to known germline risk or prior cancer diagnosis, with a focus on implementation factors relevant to designing, implementing, and sustaining a new program. Data from 54 articles were extracted and analyzed using the RE‐AIM implementation science framework. Few HCT programs have been implemented for AYA with hereditary cancer syndromes. Several groups have done preimplementation work for future hereditary cancer programs, but programs for cancer survivors are farther along the translational spectrum. We identified implementation factors along the five RE‐AIM dimensions to assist preimplementation planning for HCT programs for AYA with increased risk for cancer.
Potassium tert‐Butoxide‐Mediated Ring‐Opening of Indolines: Concise Synthesis of 2‐Vinylanilines
Authors: Tokushige Keisuke , Asai Shota , Abe Takumi
Published: November 2024

A concise and metal‐free procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 2‐vinylanilines. Reactions of indolines with tert‐BuOK in DMSO afford the decorated 2‐vinylanilines in yields up to 92 %. In addition, the 2, or 3‐substituted indolines could be converted to trisubstituted alkenes. Also, the protocol can be scaled to afford gram quantities of the decorated 2‐vinylanilines.
A Direct Chemical Repair of Etheno‐Type RNA Damages
Authors: He Yin‐Ming , Burkard Alicia , Wu Chuan‐Shuo , Jin Xiao‐Yang , Liu Li , Helm Mark , Cheng Liang
Published: November 2024

Etheno damages in RNA represent a unique class of structural alterations that arise from exposure to various environmental stressors or endogenous processes. They significantly distort the RNA structure and affect crucial biological functions, including RNA‐protein interactions, ribosome function, and translation fidelity. However, repair mechanisms for those etheno damages in RNA are still being elucidated. Here, a synthetic flavin derivative PS9 has been identified as the first example of chemical repair approach for this type of RNA damages. It efficiently managed the removal of etheno‐type ϵA and ϵC damages in nucleosides, oligonucleotides in vitro, and in E. coli RNA in vivo under blue light irradiation. The capacity of the chemical approach relies on a unique cycloaddition activation of the etheno‐bridge with singlet oxygen, which is distinct from traditional epoxidation of the C=C double bonds by proteins from the AlkB family. The understanding and effective manipulation of etheno damages in RNA with chemical tools hold implications for deciphering their role in mutagenesis and RNA biology, potentially opening avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions and biomarker development.
Integrated Catalyst ZnNC⊂PtZn for High‐Performance Ethanol Electrooxidation and DEFC
Authors: Hou Xiaoxia , Liang Chenjia , Zhao Ruiyao , Wang Liwen , Chen Teng , Yang Jie , Guo Xiangke , Xue Nianhua , Wang Tao , Peng Luming , Zhao Xiaomei , Ding Weiping
Published: November 2024

We report here an electrocatalyst that exhibits superior performance in the electrooxidation of ethanol. The reactive centers of the catalyst have a nest‐type configuration with outer Zn‐NxC nest covering inner PtZn intermetallic compound nanoparticles loaded on carbon support (ZnNC⊂PtZn/C). The high‐energy stepped facets of the inner PtZn nanoparticles confined and shaped by the outer Zn‐NxC nest is highly active for the critical C−C bond cleavage of ethanol in oxidation, confirmed by experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations. The catalyst shows a rare high‐performance and demonstrates a mass activity of 3.7 A mgPt−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 78.2 %, following the C1 pathway of reaction and the retention of initial activity remains 97 % after 5,000 cycles. The unique configuration, also mitigating the concentration polarization, endows the catalyst with innate ethanol electrooxidation property by inner‐outer synergic interactions, leading to unexpected power output of an acidic direct ethanol fuel cell.
Two‐Electron Oxidative Atom and Group Transfer Reactions at a Well‐Defined Uranium(II) Center
Authors: Deng Chong , Li Yilun , Wang Yi , Huang Wenliang
Published: November 2024

The multi‐electron redox chemistry of uranium(II) compounds remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report a series of two‐electron oxidative atom and group transfer reactions at a well‐defined uranium(II) center. The reactions of uranium(II) complexes [M][(AdTPBN3)U] (M=K(2,2,2‐cryptand) and K(18‐crown‐6)(THF)) with pyridine‐N‐oxide or nitrosobenzene, elemental sulfur/selenium or triphenylphosphine sulfide/selenide, and ditellurium salt led to the isolation of uranium(IV) terminal oxo and chalcogenido complexes [M][(AdTPBN3)UX] (X=O, S, Se, Te). In addition, the reactions of [M][(AdTPBN3)U] with aryl azides ArN3 or diazoalkanes R2CN2 quantitatively yielded uranium(IV) terminal imido [M][(AdTPBN3)UNAr] or hydrazonido(2−) complexes [M][(AdTPBN3)UN2CR2], respectively. Notably, the low‐temperature reaction between [M][(AdTPBN3)U] and mesityl azide allowed the isolation of the first uranium(IV) aryldiazenylimido complex as an intermediate. These uranium(IV)−element multiply bound compounds were fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, solution and solid‐state magnetometry, and elemental analysis. The controlled two‐electron oxidative reactions at a uranium(II) center not only expand the redox reactivity of uranium(II) but also offer a convenient new route to access uranium−element multiply bound compounds.
Advances in Composite Materials for Surfboard Manufacturing—A Review
Authors: Zimmermann Matheus Vinícius Gregory , de Almeida Marina Kauling , Ponsoni Lara Vasconcellos , dos Santos Salazar Matheus , Romanzini Daiane , Borsoi Cleide , Ornaghi Heitor , Krzyzanowski Pawel , in het Panhuis Marc
Published: November 2024

The evolution of technologies applied to surfboards has accelerated rapidly in recent years. Not only have the designs of surfboards evolved, but also the materials used in their production have advanced substantially. This progress highlights the need to expand research and deepen knowledge of manufacturing processes, materials, and additives, while quantifying the mechanical performance of materials used in sandwich composites for surfboards. Providing designers and surfers with quantitative performance metrics is essential for meaningful comparisons and for optimizing board designs. This review offers an overview of the primary materials and designs currently shaping the surfboard industry, emphasizing the relationship between material properties and surfboard performance. However, challenges remain in furthering these advancements, and continuous dissemination of knowledge will be crucial for driving significant progress in the sport.
Debunking war information disorder: A case study in assessing the use of multimedia verification tools
Authors: Khan Sohail Ahmed , Dierickx Laurence , Furuly Jan‐Gunnar , Vold Henrik Brattli , Tahseen Rano , Linden Carl‐Gustav , Dang‐Nguyen Duc‐Tien
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the use of multimedia verification, in particular, computational tools and Open‐source Intelligence (OSINT) methods, for verifying online multimedia content in the context of the ongoing wars in Ukraine and Gaza. Our study examines the workflows and tools used by several fact‐checkers and journalists working at Faktisk, a Norwegian fact‐checking organization. Our study showcases the effectiveness of diverse resources, including AI tools, geolocation tools, internet archives, and social media monitoring platforms, in enabling journalists and fact‐checkers to efficiently process and corroborate evidence, ensuring the dissemination of accurate information. This research provides an in‐depth analysis of the role of computational tools and OSINT methods for multimedia verification. It also underscores the potentials of currently available technology, and highlights its limitations while providing guidance for future development of digital multimedia verification tools and frameworks.
Ketonization of Valeric Acid to 5‐Nonanone Over Metal Oxides Catalysts
Authors: Alizadeh Eslami Ali , Devred François , Debecker Damien P.
Published: November 2024

Valeric acid (VA), readily obtainable in the biorefinery from sugary biomass streams, can be upgraded to 5‐nonanone, a versatile chemical building block with numerous applications. This study investigates the performance of nine metal oxide catalysts (SnO2, SiO2, Y2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, TiO2, La2O3, Cr2O3, and Al2O3) in the gas‐phase ketonization of VA to 5‐nonanone in the 350–450 °C range. The screening reveals a correlation between the metal oxides lattice energy and their catalytic activity for valeric acid ketonization. ZrO2, TiO2, and La2O3, characterized by high lattice energy, demonstrate the highest catalytic activity, whereas Y2O3, SnO2, and SiO2, showing low lattice energy, are barely active. However, exceptions to this trend were observed: Cr2O3 and Al2O3 displayed poor catalytic performance despite their elevated lattice energy. The comprehensive characterization of the catalysts, encompassing XRD, N2‐physisorption, NH3‐TPD, and CO2‐TPD analyses, has unveiled the crucial role of important parameters including acid–base properties in addition to lattice energy. Only oxides showing amphoteric properties can catalyze the reaction effectively. Interestingly, low‐lattice energy and amphoteric oxides such as SnO2 (showing poor performance) become significantly active at higher temperature (500 °C). Analysis of by‐products by online GCMS and spent catalyst characterization indicated that in this case the ketonization mechanism changed from the so‐called surface mechanism to the so‐called bulk mechanism.
Patient‐reported outcomes in adults with tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐resistant chronic myeloid leukemia receiving olverembatinib therapy
Authors: Yu Lu , Li Weiming , Xu Na , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Bingcheng , Zhang Yanli , Meng Li , Zhu Huanling , Du Xin , Chen Suning , Hu Yu , Song Yongping , Men Lichuang , Jiang Qian
Published: November 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to assess patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), including health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety and depression symptoms, and to identify associated variables in patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‐resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic‐phase (CP) or accelerated‐phase (AP) who were receiving olverembatinib.

Methods

Patients in multicenter studies were invited to complete the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Core 30 Questionnaire, the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Self‐Rating Depression Scale at baseline and regularly during olverembatinib therapy. The time trends in PROs were estimated with a linear model using a generalized estimating equation based on an independent working correlation matrix. A generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the variables associated with PROs.

Results

In total, 146 patients with CML‐CP or CML‐AP were included in this study. Scores on seven items from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Core 30 Questionnaire, including global health, physical functioning, emotional functioning, fatigue, dyspnea, diarrhea, and financial difficulties, improved significantly over time during olverembatinib therapy. In multivariate analysis, age younger than 40 years was significantly associated with greater improvement in social functioning (p = .033), and CML‐CP (vs. CML‐AP) was associated with greater improvements in dyspnea (p = .031) and diarrhea (p = .031) over time. Scores on the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale and the Self‐Rating Depression Scale decreased significantly over time during olverembatinib treatment (p < .001).

Conclusions

The authors concluded that HRQoL significantly improved over time during olverembatinib therapy in heavily treated patients with TKI‐resistant CML, especially among those who were younger and those who had CML‐CP. Anxiety symptoms also significantly decreased over time.
An Interesting Nanoparticle‐Ligand Interaction Between Porphyrins and Gold Nanorods Leads to Luminescent Mesostructures
Authors: Candreva Angela , Damiano Caterina , La Deda Massimo , Gallo Emma , De Luca Oreste , Caruso Tommaso , Nucera Antonello , Castagnaro Irene Barba , Castriota Marco
Published: November 2024

In this study, we aim to investigate the family of porphyrins from a novel perspective. In particular, we focus on their role in controlling the assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) through a synthetic approach. Using a seed‐mediated growth method, AuNRs were first synthesized. Then, the surfaces of the AuNRs were functionalized with four different types of porphyrins to explore their unique influence on the assembly process. Two pairs of porphyrins were synthesized: the metal‐free porphyrins 1 and 2 and the two corresponding zinc complexes Zn(1) and Zn(2). Compounds 1 and Zn(1) bind to the nanoparticle surface via an amine group, 2 and Zn(2) via a carbon‐carbon triple bond. A careful photophysical and morphological characterization has been carried out on the different samples, and interestingly, we observed that metal‐free porphyrins 1 and 2 promote nanoparticle assembly, forming luminescent mesostructures. Porphyrin 2 preferentially organizes nanorods by end‐to‐end assembly, whereas porphyrin 1 does not confer a preferential organization.
REHAS: Robust and Efficient Hyperelliptic Curve‐Based Authentication Scheme for Internet of Drones
Authors: Pratap Bhanu , Singh Ayush , Mehra Pawan Singh
Published: November 2024

Internet of Drones (IoD) is one of the most beneficial and has many versatile applications like Surveillance and Security, Delivery and Logistics, Environmental Monitoring, Agriculture, and so forth. The IoD network is crucial for collecting sensitive data like geo‐coordinates, vehicle traffic data, and property details while surveying the various deployment locations in smart cities. The communication between users and drones can be compromised over insecure wireless channels by multiple attacks such as Man‐in‐the‐middle‐attack, Denial of Service, and so forth. Many schemes have already been propounded in the field of IoD. Still, many of them cannot address the resource constraints problem of drones, and existing protocols have higher computation and communication costs. Therefore, this paper has proposed a robust and efficient Hyper‐Elliptic Curve‐based authentication scheme (REHAS), which provides a session key for secure communication. Artificial Identities are generated using a hash function and random numbers. Fuzzy Extractor is used for user biometric authentication, which makes the smart device secure when lost. HECC is used with a smaller bit size of 80 bits rather than ECC of 160 bits. The security of the REHAS has been ensured using Scyther simulation. Furthermore, the resilience, safety, and robustness of REHAS are ensured by Informal security analysis. Lastly, a comparative study of the REHAS has been performed with other related Authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocols regarding communication cost, Computation cost, and security features, demonstrating that REHAS incurred less computation cost (6.7171 ms), communication overhead (1696 bits), and energy consumption (22.5 mJ) than other existing AKA schemes.
Assessment of Charge Transfer Energies of Noncovalently Bounded Ar‐TCNE Complexes Using Range‐Separated Density Functionals and Double‐hybrid Density Functionals
Authors: Sharma Rohan , Kashyap Chayanika , Kalita Trishna , Sharma Pankaz K.
Published: November 2024

Charge Transfer (CT) molecular complexes have recently received much attention in a broad variety of fields. The time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), which is essential for studying CT complexes, is a well‐established tool to study the excited states of relatively large molecular systems. However, when dealing with donor−acceptor molecules with CT characteristics, TDDFT calculations based on standard functionals can severely underestimate the excitation energies. The TDDFT methodology, combined with range‐separated DFT and range‐separated double‐hybrid DFT functionals, had previously been used by different research groups to reliably predict the excitation energies of different charge transfer molecular complexes. We follow the same path to calculate the excited state charge transfer energy of some selected molecular complexes, such as, Ar‐TCNE (TCNE=tetracyanoethylene; Ar= benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, etc.). The interactions between the donor‐acceptor moieties of these molecular complexes are also studied and the relationship between the interaction and the charge transfer energies are shown here.
Unexpected Formation of a Chiral spiro‐system in the Reaction of the Dilithium Derivative of Hexafluorocumyl Alcohol with N‐(t–butylsulfenyl)phthalimide
Authors: Zając Adrian , Żurawiński Remigiusz , Sieroń Lesław , Drabowicz Józef
Published: November 2024

An unexpected course of the reaction of hexafluorocumyl alcohol dilithium derivative 2 with N‐(t‐butylsulfenyl)phthalimide (3) has been presented. The process proceeded under mild conditions and resulted in previously undescribed chiral spiro‐system‐ 3′,3′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐3H,3′H‐1,1′‐spirobis(isobenzofuran)‐3‐one (5) as the only product. A detailed spectral analysis of the product has been provided, and mechanistic aspects have been investigated. Attempts to separate the enantiomers of compound 5 using a semipreparative HPLC method with a chiral stationary phase column have been described. The repeatability of the reaction using analogs of alcohol 4 has also been tested. DFT calculations of absolute configuration assignment have been performed successfully.
Clinical and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Evaluations of Adagrasib Drug–Drug Interactions
Authors: Cilliers Cornelius , Howgate Eleanor , Jones Hannah M. , Rahbaek Lisa , Tran Jonathan Q.
Published: November 2024

Adagrasib is a potent, highly selective, orally available, small molecule, covalent inhibitor of G12C mutated KRAS. As both a substrate and strong inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, adagrasib inhibits its own CYP3A4‐mediated metabolism following multiple dosing, resulting in time‐dependent drug–drug interaction (DDI) liabilities. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed and verified using a combination of physicochemical, in vitro and clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) data from healthy volunteers and cancer patients. The PBPK model well‐described the single and multiple‐dose adagrasib PK data as well as DDI data with itraconazole, rifampin, midazolam, warfarin, dextromethorphan, and digoxin, with model predictions within 1.5‐fold of the observed clinical data. The PBPK model was used to predict untested scenarios including the clinical victim and perpetrator DDI liabilities at the approved dosing regimen of 600 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) in cancer patients. Strong, moderate, and weak inhibitors of CYP3A4 are predicted to have a negligible effect on the steady‐state exposure of adagrasib 600 mg b.i.d. resulting from the significant inactivation of CYP3A4 by adagrasib. Additionally, strong and moderate inducers of CYP3A4 are predicted to decrease adagrasib exposure by 68% and 22%, respectively. As a perpetrator, adagrasib 600 mg b.i.d. is predicted to be a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4, a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2D6, and an inhibitor of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). These results successfully supported regulatory interactions with the United States Food and Drug Administration regarding dosing recommendations for when adagrasib is used concomitantly with other medications, supporting a range of label claims in lieu of clinical trials.
Eating Disorder Treatments Are Less Effective for Autistic Populations: Proposing Steps Toward Improving Outcomes
Authors: Black Melissa H. , Bölte Sven
Published: November 2024

The recent mixed‐methods review by Nimbley et al. (2024) raises important and concerning, yet not unexpected, insights into the usefulness of eating disorder (ED) treatment for autistic populations. In their review, Nimbley et al. find that ED treatments may be less effective for autistic groups, proposing a need for a greater understanding of ED in autistic populations, and more autism‐informed measures and interventions for EDs. We take the opportunity in this commentary to further expand on the next steps that must be taken to inform future ED interventions for autistic populations. We reflect on similar observations of the impact of co‐occurrence on intervention efficacy in autism, draw on contemporary movements in relation to interventions in the context of autism, and align with the conclusions of Nimbley et al., who propose that future ED interventions may need to be tailored to autistic populations. We present participatory and co‐creation research approaches as a means to achieve this.
Heart failure after left atrial appendage occlusion: Insights from the LAAOS III randomized trial
Authors: Krisai Philipp , Belley‐Cote Emilie P. , McIntyre William F. , Wong Jorge , Tsiplova Kate , Brady Katheryn , Joseph Philip , Johansson Isabelle , Johnson Linda , Xing Lucas Yixi , Colli Andrea , McGuinness Shay , Punjabi Prakash , Reents Wilko , Rega Filip , Budera Petr , Royse Alistair G. , Paparella Domenico , Connolly Stuart , Whitlock Richard P. , Healey Jeff S. ,   on behalf ofthe LAAOS III Investigators
Published: November 2024

Aims

The left atrial appendage (LAA) produces natriuretic peptides and its removal or occlusion might increase the risk of heart failure (HF). We aimed to investigate the incidence of HF after LAA occlusion or removal (LAAO) in the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS III).

Methods and results

Patients (n = 4811) with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2, who were having cardiac surgery for another indication, were randomized to undergo surgical LAAO or not. We compared the composite outcome of HF‐related hospitalizations and HF death between the two groups. HF assessment required clinical and radiographic evidence of HF. Analyses included a landmark analysis before and after 30 days and subgroups. Mean age was 71.2 years, 67.5% were male and 57.0% had prior HF. Over a mean follow‐up of 3.8 years, 396 (8.3%) patients met the composite HF outcome: 209 (8.8%) with LAAO (n = 2379) and 187 (7.8%) without LAAO (n = 2391) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–1.37, p = 0.25). There was no difference between the two groups in the first 30 days (1.6% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.12) and thereafter (7.6% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.57). Subgroups based on age, sex, body mass index, AF type, prior HF, cardiac rhythm or left ventricular ejection fraction showed consistent results. There was no difference in HF outcomes with LAAO between the cut‐and‐sew (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.70–1.23, p = 0.62) versus other closure methods (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.77–1.41, p = 0.77).

Conclusions

Left atrial appendage occlusion or removal at the time of cardiac surgery does not appear to alter the risk of HF‐related hospitalization or death.

Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01561651.
A Flexible Metal‐Organic Framework for the Removal of Propyne from Propylene
Authors: Tan Jian , Wang Yi , Ren Yongheng , Li Jinping , Chen Yang , Li Libo
Published: November 2024

Efficient removal of propyne impurities from propylene is essential for producing high‐purity propylene. In this study, we utilize the flexible metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) material, MOF‐508, for C3H4/C3H6 separation. Propyne (C3H4) induces a “Gate‐opening” effect in MOF‐508, transitioning it from a narrow‐pore phase to a large‐pore phase at low pressure. In contrast, propylene (C3H6) only triggers this effect at a higher pressure of 0.55 bar. Notably, at 298 K and 0.5 bar, MOF‐508 adsorbs 71.9 cm3/g of C3H4, compared to just 7.9 cm3/g of C3H6. This selective adsorption significantly enhances C3H4/C3H6 separation (50/50, v/v), as further demonstrated by dynamic breakthrough experiments.
Effective Dopants Pb and Pb‐SiW12 to Enhance Sb2S3‐Based Photodetector Performance
Authors: He Yi , Hao Yijia , Ji Tuo , Luo Fang , Chen Weilin
Published: November 2024

Sb2S3 has excellent photovoltaic properties, but the performance of its photovoltaic devices still needs to be improved. The main issues hindering its photovoltaic performance are the poor carrier transport ability and the significant charge recombination. Doping strategies play a key role in addressing these issues. This study investigates the effect of Pb(CH3COO)2 (Pb) and [Pb(DMF)7]2[SiW12O40] 2DMF (Pb‐SiW12) doping on the photovoltaic properties of Sb2S3 thin films. It is found that the intensity of diffraction peaks on the (130) crystal plane of Pb‐doped Sb2S3 and the (221) crystal plane of Pb‐SiW12@Sb2S3 is increased, which enhances the crystallinity of the films. Meanwhile, Pb and Pb‐SiW12 doping narrow the bandgap (1.69 eV) of Sb2S3 to 1.65 eV and 1.62 eV. Electrochemical tests show that the carrier concentration and carrier lifetime are increased. The Pb‐doped Sb2S3 photodetector photocurrent of 14 μA, 7 times higher than the 2 μA pristine Sb2S3 photodetector. It exhibits a responsivity of 13.9 mA/W and detectivity of 1.2×1011 Jones. The Pb‐SiW12@Sb2S3 photodetector photocurrent is 11 μA. Pb‐SiW12 can immobilize Pb while reducing the amount of Pb. The methodology in this work provides a way to improve the performance of Sb2S3 thin‐film photodetectors.
Coach–athlete relationships, self‐confidence, and psychological wellbeing: The role of perceived and received coach support
Authors: Coussens Adam H. , Stone Max J. , Donachie Tracy C.
Published: November 2024

Coaches are recognized as key support providers, although there is limited understanding of how coach support relates to athletes' self‐confidence and psychological wellbeing. This study examined relationships among perceived coach support, received coach support, coach–athlete relationship, self‐confidence, and psychological wellbeing. A further aim was to identify mechanisms through which coach–athlete relationship influences self‐confidence and psychological wellbeing. A total of 537 athletes (Mage = 21.83 and SD = 3.67) from a range of sports completed measures of perceived coach support, received coach support, coach–athlete relationship, self‐confidence, and psychological wellbeing. Mediation analysis revealed a significant direct effect of coach–athlete relationship on perceived coach support (b = 1.44 and p = 0.04) and received coach support on psychological wellbeing (b = 1.94 and p = <0.05). Coach–athlete relationship was associated with a significant indirect effect on psychological wellbeing via received coach support (ab = 0.82 and 95% CI [0.40 and 1.26*]) but not perceived coach support. In contrast, coach–athlete relationship was associated with a significant indirect effect on self‐confidence via perceived coach support (ab = 0.16 and 95% CI [0.10 and 0.22*]) but not received coach support. These findings demonstrate the significant role perceived coach support and received coach support plays in potentially explaining the relationship between the coach–athlete relationship with self‐confidence and psychological wellbeing. Additionally, the results highlight that different forms of social support uniquely mediate the relationship among the coach–athlete relationship, confidence, and wellbeing. These results have implications for coaching practices, as coaches can use their relationships with athletes to provide optimal support and thereby enhance the athletes' self‐confidence and wellbeing.
Transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures distinguish high‐ and low‐risk endotypes for liver tumor development
Authors: Grimm Sandra L. , Talley Tia , Jangid Rahul K. , Koirala Amrit , Castillo Micah B. , Gunaratne Preethi H. , Coarfa Cristian , Walker Cheryl L.
Published: November 2024

The epigenome is a target for environmental exposures and a potential determinant of inter‐individual differences in response. In genetically identical C57Bl/6 mice exposed from gestation to weaning to the endocrine‐disrupting chemical (EDC) tributyltin (TBT), hepatic tumor development later in life varied across multiple cohorts over time and depending on sex and diet. In one cohort where approximately half of TBT‐exposed male mice developed liver tumors at 10 months (Katz et al. Hepatic tumor formation in adult mice developmentally exposed to organotin, Environmental Health Perspectives, 128 (1), 17010, 2020), transcriptomic (RNA‐seq) and epigenomic (ChIP‐seq) profiling was performed on blood and liver tissue from mice that developed tumors (i.e., “high‐risk”) and equivalently exposed mice did not (i.e., “low‐risk”). Blood transcriptomic signatures separated TBT‐exposed from vehicle controls but did not discriminate between animals that developed tumors versus those that did not. However, uninvolved liver tissue of mice with tumors exhibited transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures distinct from liver tissue of mice without tumors and had many features in common with tumors. These high‐risk transcriptomic and epigenomic features were also found in 10/26 TBT‐exposed mice at 5 months, indicating that this risk signature preceded tumor development. Thus, while early life exposure to TBT exhibits variable penetrance for hepatic tumor development, indicating TBT exposure is not sufficient for liver tumorigenesis, increased risk for hepatic tumor development is linked to epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming of the liver induced by this EDC.
Comparison of serum zinc levels between patients with sinonasal neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammatory polyposis and healthy individuals
Authors: Ghazizadeh Matin , Roshanaie Elahe , Barati Behrouz
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Some changes in nasal mucus and paranasal sinuses may occur due to zinc deficiency, which can cause chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The current study was designed to compare the serum zinc concentration between patients with chronic rhinosinusitis complicated with eosinophilic or neutrophilic nasal polyps and a control group.

Methods

A total of 105 patients participated in the study. Patients in three different groups were evaluated for CRSwNP (35 in the eosinophilia group and 35 in the neutrophil group), and 35 patients underwent surgery for reasons other than polyposis (control group). The serum zinc level was determined.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 39.4 ± 12.61 years. Forty‐one patients (39%) were female. Based on the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay results, the average serum zinc level in the control group was 137.01 ± 19.42 (μgm/100 mL), and in all patients with CRSwNP, it was 127.27 ± 21.7 (μgm/100 mL). The serum zinc concentration in patients with CRSwNP was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = .027). Among the CRSwNP patients with eosinophilic polyps and neutrophilic polyps, 130.42 ± 21.92 (μgm/100 mL) and 127.27 ± 21.7 (μgm/100 mL), respectively, were detected. Based on the statistical analysis, the neutrophilic and eosinophilic groups were homogenous according to the average serum zinc concentration (p = .631), and the same conditions prevailed for the eosinophilic and control groups (p = .574). There was a noticeable distinction between the neutrophilic group and the control group (p = .034).

Conclusion

Serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in patients with neutrophilic polyps than in the general population. This difference may be due to the essential role of zinc in the inflammatory process in patients with neutrophilic polyposis.
Asymmetric Effect of Green Energy and Economic Growth on the Environmental Deterioration and the Environmental Kuznets Curve Validation in MENA Countries
Authors: Wani Mohammad Jibran Gul , Alamir Ibrahim Abdou , Ghazwani Musa , Ahmed Irfan , Alkaraan Fadi , Khan Mohammad Ahsan
Published: November 2024

This study aims at investigating the contextual factors surrounding the nexus between economic development and environmental degradation by utilising the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and incorporating CO2 emissions indicator. The environmental quality, energy source, economic growth nexus evaluation is heavily dependent on the level of economic growth. The study examines impact of different levels of economic expansion following an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis across Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Additionally, the present study examines the asymmetrical relationship that exist between economic growth and green energy, and the environmental quality. The study employs panel data ranging from 1996 to 2020 in the context of MENA nations. Several econometric tests were employed, second generation unit root tests, CIPS and CADF, Westerlund cointegration test. This study extends prior studies by applying the Panel Non‐Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PNARDL). The Westerlund test validates a long run association among the variable of the study. The EKC hypothesis is validated in the short run for the MENA countries. It also reveals that a positive and negative shocks to the green energy decreases CO2 emissions. The positive shock to GDP results in an increase in CO2 emissions. Moreover, the study revealed a negative and significant relationship between FDI and CO2 emission. A positive and significant relationship was found between trade openness and CO2 emissions. Our findings suggest that the MENA nations should switch to green energy sources to lessen the impact of non‐renewable energy consumption on the environment and promote sustainable development, since non‐renewable energy is believed to have the greatest impact on economic activity.