bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Performance Evaluation of the Static and Dynamic Channel Bonding for the IEEE 802.11ac WLAN
Authors: Ziyad Khalaf Farej  , Mohammed Ahmed Hassan
Published: July 2023

According to the rising number of users and the application development that needs fast transfer rates. The main objective behind the development of IEEE 802.11ac was to deliver WLANs with exceptionally very high throughput rates. Significant improvements were incorporated into the PHY and MAC layers to achieve this, leading to enhanced data rates and overall network performance. These enhancements have enabled the standard 802.11ac to support channel bonding schemes. This paper looks at how channel bonding affects the performance of system, especially in terms of delay and amount of throughput. The research paper looks at four different scenarios with different numbers of channel BW 40,80 & 160MHz, and various spatial streams (SS) from 1 to 8. The network simulator (NS-3) version 3.37 is used to simulate these scenarios. The results of the simulation indicate that when Dynamic Channel Bonding (DCB) is applied, the highest throughput and least amount of delay values are acquired. Specifically, for MIMO (8×8) SS and with respect to the Static Channel Bonding (SCB), the best improvement of throughput and delay are obtained with DCB in the highest (48 node number) scenario. The throughput development values are (90.21%, 87.3%, and 42.91%) and the delay improvement values are (47.43%, 46.61%, and 30.03%) for channel BWs 40,80, &160 MHz, respectively.
Les autels votifs de l’Armorique romaine
Authors: Galliou Patrick
Published: July 2023

L’une des principales pratiques religieuses du monde romain consistait en l’offrande, sur un autel, de sacrifices aux divinités. La plupart de ces autels présentaient un fût de section carrée ou rectangulaire avec une base moulurée en saillie ; leur couronnement, généralement mouluré, était creusé en cuvette, ce focus destiné à recevoir les offrandes ou les libations, étant souvent encadré, à gauche et à droite, face à l’officiant, par des rouleaux de pierre (pulvini) en fort relief. Le fût lui-même portait d’ordinaire une inscription, gravée ou peinte, mentionnant le nom du dédicant et de la divinité à laquelle il s’adressait. Le recensement de ces petits monuments dans les civitates de l’Ouest de la Gaule montre qu’ils y sont rares, ou même absents, sauf chez les Vénètes (6 exemplaires) et dans la partie sud-ouest du territoire des Osismes, autour de Douarnenez et de Quimper (Finistère) (7 exemplaires), où ils témoignent, comme les éléments de statuaire qui y ont été découverts, d’une romanisation plus intense, sans doute liée en partie, dans ce dernier cas, au développement de l’industrie des salaisons de poisson.
La figure de l’ambassadeur et les gestes de la diplomatie dans le Discours des cérémonies du sacre et mariage d’Anne de Foix (1502) du héraut « Bretagne » : dits et non-dits
Authors: Héry Laurent
Published: July 2023

Pierre Choque, roi d’armes d’Anne de Bretagne, accompagne en 1502 la princesse Anne de Foix lorsqu’elle part rejoindre le roi de Bohême et de Hongrie, Vladislas II Jagellon, qu’elle a épousé par procuration. Le héraut « Bretagne » a laissé un récit de ce voyage et des cérémonies organisées à Venise et à Buda en l’honneur de la jeune cousine de la reine, à l’occasion de son mariage. Ce texte, livre de précieuses informations sur les gestes de la diplomatie. Pierre Choque accorde une attention particulière aux questions de rang et de protocole, aux places qu’occupent les ambassadeurs et aux gestes qu’ils font. Il insiste notamment sur la figure de François Tournemine, seigneur de la Guerche, ambassadeur d’Anne de Bretagne et de Louis XII, et met en évidence sa préséance sur les autres envoyés. Il décrit son audience avec le doge de Venise et son rôle actif au moment du sacre, sa participation aux gestes du rituel. L’intérêt de ce texte réside aussi dans ce qu’il ne dit pas. Pierre Choque évoque les harangues prononcées par François Tournemine, sans jamais en livrer un seul mot. Il ne dit rien des cadeaux offerts à l’ambassadeur et ne s’étend guère sur la manière dont il est logé. Il passe également sous silence les préparatifs du voyage car l’aspect matériel et financier importe peu à ses yeux. Le héraut breton cherche avant tout à dépeindre les solennités réservées à Anne de Foix. Son récit, en ce sens, met bien en lumière la théâtralité de la diplomatie.
Les seigneurs de Rieux jusqu’au xiiie siècle. Nouvelles interprétations
Authors: Yeurc’h Bertrand
Published: July 2023

Nous avons repris à nouveaux frais l’étude des premiers degrés connus des seigneurs de Rieux. Pour des raisons biologiques ou politiques, du ixe siècle au xiiie siècle, ils n’ont pas été capables de se maintenir comme une lignée stable. Nous avons distingué un maximum de quatre ruptures. À la fin du ixe siècle, Rieux fait partie du domaine des comtes de Vannes, alors qu’elle était précédemment pour un tiers dans la main d’un particulier. Au milieu du xie siècle, nous avons supposé une première quenouille tombée dans la maison vicomtale voisine de Porhoët. Dans la première moitié du xiie siècle, place est donnée aux Rolland qui, malgré une autre quenouille, furent capables de perpétuer leur nom. Puis, peut-être à cause de « la guerre du bail », Rieux fut temporairement confisquée et la famille, qui porta ensuite le nomen de Guillaume, s’établit dans l’évêché de Nantes, où elle passa plusieurs alliances matrimoniales qui contribuèrent à son retour sur le devant de la scène politique.
Le traité entre la Bretagne et l’Angleterre (3 avril 1468) : un condensé de la politique économique ducale
Authors: Moal Laurence
Published: July 2023

Les ducs de Bretagne de la dynastie Montfort (1364-1514) se montrent soucieux de développer le commerce maritime en octroyant toute une panoplie d’autorisations, de protections, de privilèges en complément des traités diplomatiques afin d’encourager les échanges et la venue des marchands étrangers. Les contacts sont particulièrement intenses avec l’Angleterre. En témoigne le traité conclu le 3 avril 1468 à Londres entre les émissaires de François II, duc de Bretagne (1458-1488), et le roi d’Angleterre Édouard IV (1461-1483), au terme de plusieurs rencontres et de longues négociations. L’acte conservé sous la cote E 122 no 10 des Archives départementales de Loire-Atlantique est une copie de la minute préparée le 3 avril. Ce document est d’un grand intérêt pour éclairer l’action diplomatique ducale. Il montre comment, au-delà des intérêts commerciaux et maritimes, s’esquisse une véritable politique économique afin de faciliter la liberté de circulation et de commerce. Mais derrière la volonté d’accorder des facilités d’accès au duché, le traité a aussi pour but de régler le problème de l’insécurité sur mer et de contrôler les gens de mer.
Anne de Bretagne et l’exercice du pardon
Authors: Nassiet Michel
Published: July 2023

Anne de Bretagne exerça le droit de grâce en chacun de ses trois statuts. La jeune duchesse (1488-1491) octroya des lettres de pardon à l’instar de ses prédécesseurs. Puis elle a exercé le privilège des reines de France qui consistait, à l’occasion d’une première entrée en un lieu, à faire délivrer les prisonniers. Une lettre de 1501, enregistrée dans un bailliage, explique pourquoi ses lettres ne sont pas enregistrées à la Grande chancellerie : elle les faisait écrire par un de ses secrétaires et sceller de son propre sceau. Enfin, à des sujets bretons, il est arrivé à la reine-duchesse de décider elle-même d’accorder son pardon, en toute souveraineté, puis d’en faire expédier la lettre… au nom du roi ; elle l’a fait avec une extrême prudence, le vendredi saint, en l’honneur de la Passion.
Effets de l’intégration de critères RSE dans la rémunération des dirigeants sur la performance sociale et financière des entreprises françaises cotées
Authors: GODARD Laurence , KHEMIR Souhir
Published: July 2023

Basée sur l’approche de la gouvernance partenariale, cette recherche analyse la relation entre l'intégration de critères de responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE) dans la rémunération des dirigeants et la performance sociale et financière des entreprises du SBF 120 entre 2015 et 2019. Les résultats des régressions sur données de panel montrent que l'indexation de la rémunération des dirigeants sur des critères RSE a une influence positive uniquement sur la performance sociale. De plus, cette dernière a un impact positif sur la performance financière et un effet médiateur entre l'intégration de critères RSE dans la rémunération des dirigeants et la performance financière.
Integration of Traditional and Innovative Methods in Anatomy Dissections: A Sri Lankan Experience
Authors: Edirisinghe E. A. S. T. , De Silva H. D. K. , Devmini K. A. M. T. , Pathmaperuma S. D. S. , Ratnayake W. M. K. M. , Jayepeasad Y. D. M. , Nakandala N. D. B. U. , Shiraf M. A. A. , Indunil L. A. , Niluka D. H. M. , Madushika P. K. K. , Deegodagamage Y. S. , Wijesundara W. M. C. S. , Dissanayake P. H. , Yasawardene S. G.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Routine methods of teaching gross anatomy including cadaver dissections have been a keystone of the anatomy curriculum and certain difficulties have led medical educationists to explore teaching using modern technology. This study aims to share the institutional experience of incorporating new methods into routine dissections at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.Methodology: Prior to dissections, recommended anatomy 3D software and videos were shown in LED panels. Mock spots were conducted weekly. Applied anatomy sessions were conducted by clinicians. Ultra sound scan (USS) based teaching sessions were conducted by a consultant radiologist. Another study area with multiple illuminators with radiological films was present. Routine feedback was taken from students.Results: The use of LED panels for teaching was found to be helpful by most (82.6%) students. A majority (84%) also found that mock spots were helpful for their studies and 89.2% preferred the use of 3D software. Percentage 82.6% of students found USS guided teaching useful while 85.4% of students found X-ray & CT useful. Majority (91.5%) found the applied anatomy teaching sessions useful. The majority of students’ comments indicated recommendations for them to be continued for future batches.Conclusion: This initiative demonstrates that the combination of traditional and innovative methodologies in the teaching of gross anatomy is favored by students and the applied anatomy sessions can provide vertical integration of the subject.
Competence in Breaking Bad news tasks: A curriculum review of teaching and assessment at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Eldoret Kenya
Authors: Chumba D. K. , Osotsi B. , Marete I. , Changach J.
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The objectives of this study was to determine the adequacy of the medical training curriculum content and methodologies utilized in training doctors in breaking bad news tasks at MTRH.Methods: A mixed methods approach used to collect data. Qualitative data, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews; quantitative data; resident’s perception of the adequacy of the curriculum using a questionnaire. Study participants were postgraduate doctors and lecturers of communication skills. Data was collected using questionnaires and analysed in SPSS version 22, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics utilized in reporting the data. Qualitative data was analysed and presented thematically. A p-value of <_ 0.5 was set as significant for all tests.Results: Curriculum content and structure; 33% adequacy, teaching methodologies; 28.5% adequacy, Residents perception of various aspects of curriculum: helical or spiral with competence levels; n=70 (87.5%) No, 12.5% (10) yes, theoretical basis of communication skills covered n=46 (57.5%) No, 34 (42.5%) yes, breaking bad news training using task approach with task process n=51 (63.5%) No, 29 (36.25%) yes, Challenging situations in breaking bad news were addressed n=56 (70%) No, only 24 (30%) yes, Reflective approach in coping with the effects of breaking bad news 58 (72.5%) No, 22 (27.5%) yes.Conclusions: Overall, this study found that curriculum content and methodologies in breaking bad news teaching and assessment is inadequate to make resident doctors competent in this important skills.
Confidence in Neurology: how Educators can help Junior Doctors fight Neurophobia
Authors: Tan Y. J. , Juliana K. Y. L. , Manohararaj N.
Published: July 2023

Aim: To study factors influencing junior doctors’ confidence when managing neurological conditions.Methods: Using a previously-validated questionnaire, residents of a Singaporean Internal Medicine residency programme were retrospectively-surveyed on their confidence when managing neurological conditions against a 6-point Likert scale. Those who considered themselves confident were compared against those who did not, studying factors contributing to differences in their confidence.Results: 54% (94) of eligible residents completed the survey, of which only 58% felt confident when surveyed, and tended to report adequate interaction with neurologists (69% vs 31%, p = 0.004) and patients (75% vs 24%, p = 0.0001), and that the training material (75% vs 44%, p = 0.023) and bedside teaching were adequate (69% vs 38%, p = 0.026). Of note, graduates from the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, and Australia reported feeling less-than-confident immediately upon graduation (31% vs 6%, p = 0.043). However, during graduate medical training, those who experienced improvement in their confidence tended to be males (46% vs 23%, p = 0.024), and were likelier to have received adequate training material (41% vs 20%, p = 0.032) and bedside teaching (67% vs 46%, p = 0.035).Conclusion: Low confidence prevails amongst junior doctors when managing neurological conditions. Female trainees, and graduates of medical schools in culturally-different countries are likelier to require increased organizational support. Equity within the medical training framework is also vital for building their confidence.
Perception of self-assessment (SA) in learning nursing clinical skills
Authors: Rathnayake A. U. , Marambe K. , Edussuriya D.
Published: July 2023

Background: Nursing is a practice-based discipline. Self-assessment (SA) encourages students to critically analyze their theoretical knowledge and apply them to practical settings. The aim of the study was to explore their perception of SA before and after its introductionMethodology: Pre validated semi-structured interview based on blood drawing and intra venous (IV) drug administering procedures for 2nd and 3rd year students.Results: Before introducing SA, students had concerns regarding the influence of ego, and SA will not be reliable in assessing nursing skills. After exposure, they were more optimistic about the benefits, obtained insight into performance and reflective learning.Conclusion: Students’ exposure to SA created a more positive outlook towards learning clinical skills.
An approach to determine multi-dimensional poverty index for Sri Lanka: a comparative study
Authors: De Silva H. V. S. , Premaratna S. P.
Published: July 2023

Poverty consists of two types: monetary poverty and multi-dimensional poverty. Monetary poverty is measured by determining whether income of a person falls below the poverty line while multidimensional poverty is measured using a method where it measures whether a person satisfies a set of specified basic needs. In 2010, the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) in collaboration with the United Nation’s Development Program’s Human Development Report Office developed the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to measure multidimensional poverty under certain assumptions. Applying the Equal Weighting System by taking unit as the household, to compute MPI is one of the important assumptions which needs to be improved. The aim of this study is to propose an unequal weighting system taking unit as the individual to address the research problem of applying the equal weighting system taking the unit as the household. This study makes a significant contribution by offering a comprehensive exploration of the multidimensional poverty situation in Sri Lanka, both at the national level and within individual districts. The methodology applied in obtaining MPI is the Alkire -Foster Methodology based on Counting Approach. In the context of the Sri Lankan socio-cultural background, a more accurate national MPI was obtained by selecting indicators together with an unequal weighting structure. The Household Income and Expenditure survey – 2016 data were obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka for the analysis. This study reveals variations in the weighting system across dimensions and indicators, challenging the equal weighting approach adopted by the OPHI. Furthermore, it highlights that 68.7% of the population aged 10 or above in Sri Lanka experience multidimensional poverty. This would enable policy makers to have more accurate national and regional MPIs to implement efficient poverty reduction strategies covering all the districts in the country.
Hemorrhagic complications in COVID-19: three women with pectoral hematoma and a review
Authors: Presciuttini Barbara , Benazzi Dario , Amato Massimo , Pagani Mauro
Published: July 2023

Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia are at risk for thrombotic complications. At the same time, they need respiratory support, and they frequently require nursing in a prone position. From March to May 2020, 57 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome were admitted to our departments. Our therapeutic protocol included anticoagulant treatment and prone positioning. We have treated three obese women affected by severe pneumonia and pectoral hematoma with post-hemorrhagic anemia. We have already described two of these cases in our previous publication; in this new article, we describe a third similar case and review clinical reports from 2020 to 2022 about hemorrhagic complications during COVID-19. Reports confirm that pectoral hematomas and bleeding in unusual sites are a complication of COVID-19. Pectoral hematomas are likely to be related to COVID-19 severity, heparin dosage, and traumatism due to cough and pronosupination.
LA SPECIALE NATURA DEI SOGNI E I DIRITTI DEGLI ANIMALI NEI TRÄUME DI JOHANN GOTTLOB KRÜGER (1754)
Authors: Agazzi Elena
Published: July 2023

Without a doubt, the issue of animal rights has now become part of the socio-cultural perspective in a much stronger moral and legal sense than in the past, in the wake of the “animal turn” of the early 90s of the last century. One aspect that has been most debated since ancient times is, however, whether animals have a soul and whether the lack of speech can be considered a symptom of a completely inferior capacity for reasoning. The era of the European Enlightenment certainly showed a peak of interest in this debate, especially on the basis of scientific experiments carried out on animals, but also on the basis of reflections on the natural law of living beings. In Germany, as part of the medical studies in Halle, Johann Gottlob Krüger distinguished himself for having grasped the importance of the considerations - albeit sometimes paradoxical - that had emerged in the context of several interdisciplinary symposiums held in Leipzig at the beginning of the years’ 40 of the eighteenth century on the theme of the soul of animals. The classical philologist Johann Heinrich Winkler had published them later, in 1745, in a volume entitled Philosophische Untersuchungen von dem Seyn und Wesen der Seelen der Thiere […], already preceded by another from 1742, dedicated to a similar topic. The point of interest, however, consists in the particular literary strategy with which Krüger returns these debates of an academic nature, taking advantage of the register of satire to make animals and men and animals of various species interact with each other. In the fictitious dimension of the dream, in which the Hallense physician situates these disputes, it is possible to retrace the various theoretical stages that in the philosophical field accompanied the development of the vexata quaestio relating to the soul of animals, reviewing the positions of Girolamo Rorario (1485-1556), of the surgeon Girolamo Fabrici d’Acquapendente (1533-1619), of Montaigne (1533-1592), of Descartes (1596-1650) and of the iatroteologist Michael Alberti (1682-1757). What matters most, however, are the absurd theoretical justifications that human thought pushes to legitimize its unfair attitude towards the animal world, well highlighted in Krüger’s literary dreams.
ALFONSO CORTI: L’UOMO, LA VITA, LE OPERE
Authors: Mira Eugenio
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT. – Marquis Alfonso Corti di Santo Stefano Belbo, descendant from a rich and noble family of Lombardy and Piedmont, described for the first time, in 1851, a series of cellular structures of the inner ear, basic for the auditory function, now known as “Corti’s organ”. Corti, born in Gambarana near Pavia on June 25, 1822, enrolled in 1841as a medical student at the University of Pavia. Here his favorite study was microanatomy, under professors Bartolomeo Panizza and Mauro Rusconi. In 1845, Corti moved to Vienna to complete his medical studies and to work at the Anatomical institute of the University under the supervision of professor Joseph Hyrtl and in August 1847 received the degree in medicine, with a thesis on the cardiovascular system of a lizard, the Psammosaurus griseus. At the end of December 1847 Corti was chosen as Hyrtl’s second prosector, but he soon had to relinquish this position. With the outbreak of the 1848 Revolution he left Vienna and, after a brief military service in Italy, from February to August 1849 was in Bern, where he began his own-microscopic studies in collaboration with the physiologist Gustav Gabriel Valentin. Except for a trip to England, where he met some important microscopists, Corti spent the rest of 1849 with his relatives in Paris, working at the Institute of Anatomy of the Sorbonne. In the middle of January 1850, Corti left for Wurzburg Institute of Anatomy, directed by Albert Kölliker, where he began to work on the mammalian auditory system. In August 1850 Corti spent a short time at the Observatorium microscopicum in Utrech, then he returned to Würzburg and later to Paris, to complete his study of at least 200 cochleas of man and different animals. His famous paper, “Recherches sur l’organe de l’ouie des mammiferes”, appeared in 1851 in Kölliker’s journal Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie. After the publication Corti left Paris for Turin where he had to interrupt his scientific work in order to deal with the division of his father estate. Suddenly and inexplicably, Corti gave up any scientific activity and disappeared from the scientific world. In 1855 Corti married Maria Bettinzoli, lady of noble birth, who presented him with a daughter Bianca, and a son Gaspare, but in 1861 she died, leaving him with the responsibility of rearing the children. Corti spent the rest of his life as a country nobleman and selected winegrower in his Villa Mazzolino in Corvino San Quirico near Casteggio, soon restricted in his mobility due to a severe arthritis deformans, and died in Corvino on October 2, 1876. After Corti brought his relations with his anatomist colleagues in 1854, his stature began to fade. During the second half of the 19th century, Corti’s Recherches were cited more and more in articles and treatises on otology, but the memory of their author has been lost. Corti passed like a meteor in the scientific world of the mid 19th century and it was only at the beginning of the 20th century that some researches began to wonder about the man behind the name of Corti’s organ.
SALVATORE VECA
Authors: Martinelli Alberto , Beretta Silvio
Published: July 2023

Non disponibile.
First nesting of Goosander (Mergus merganser) in the province of Cuneo (Piedmont).
Authors: Beraudo Pier Luigi
Published: July 2023

During 2022, at least three females were observed entering rock cavities overhanging streams or woods. At least one female has been observed accompanying five flightless chicks. [Article in Italian]
Effectiveness of and processes related to internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents with anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nissling Linnea , Weineland Sandra , Vernmark Kristofer , Radvogin Ella , Engström Anna-Karin , Schmidt Sara , Nieto Granberg Eva , Larsson Elin , Hursti Timo
Published: July 2023

Early access to evidence-based help is crucial for adolescents with anxiety disorders. Internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) may offer adolescents increased access to care and more flexibility in engaging with treatment when and how they prefer. Process-based therapies, such as ACT, focus on theoretically derived and empirically tested key mechanisms in treatment that enable change. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of iACT for adolescents with anxiety disorders. The study also assessed the relationship between psychological flexibility and treatment outcomes and the relationship between participating adolescents’ and therapists’ perceived alliance and treatment outcomes. This was a randomized controlled trial comparing a 10-week intervention group with a wait-list control group. The 52 participants, aged 15 to 19, were recruited from all over Sweden. The treatment was effective in increasing quality of life and psychological flexibility, with moderate between-group effect sizes based on observed values. Changes in psychological flexibility was associated with changes in anxiety symptoms. The results further showed a statistically significant between-group difference in post-treatment diagnoses. No significant time per group interaction was found for anxiety symptoms, as both groups improved. Working alliance was rated as high by both participating adolescents and therapists but showed no significant relationship with treatment outcomes. Participants found the treatment an acceptable intervention. This study shows promising results for iACT in treating adolescents with anxiety disorders. The results suggest the model of psychological flexibility as an important process of change in treatment outcomes. Future research should validate these findings in larger samples and clinical contexts.
Real-world Experience in Managing Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Renal Impairment; Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin
Authors: Albabtain Monirah Abdulrahman , Alanazi Zaid Dakheel , Al-Mutairi Nawaf Hamoud , Alyafi Ola , Albanyan Raneem , Arafat Amr A.
Published: July 2023

Background:

The use of rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses the risk of over- or underdosing. We aimed to compare rivaroxaban and warfarin in AF patients with moderate and severe renal impairment.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted between 2015 and 2016 to compare the use of warfarin (n = 164) and rivaroxaban (n = 149) in patients with AF and moderate or severe CKD. The study outcomes were survival, stroke, and major bleeding events. The median follow-up was 50 months (interquartile range: 23–60).

Results:

Thirty-six patients had major bleeding: 24 with rivaroxaban and 12 with warfarin (P = 0.01). The rivaroxaban group had major bleeding in 3 patients with moderate CKD, 4 with severe CKD, and 17 on dialysis. Multivariable analysis of factors affecting major bleeding revealed that warfarin use lowered the risk of bleeding (hazard ratio: 0.34; P = 0.004). Stroke occurred in 14 patients: 6 in the rivaroxaban group and 8 in the warfarin group (P = 0.44). Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 89%, 77%, and 71% with warfarin and 99%, 94%, and 88% with rivaroxaban, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed higher mortality in patients with lower creatinine clearance and those on warfarin.

Conclusions:

The safety of warfarin could be better than rivaroxaban in patients with CKD with fewer bleeding complications but similar stroke rates. Further studies on rivaroxaban dosing in patients on dialysis are required.
Post mastectomy pain syndrome at an Indian tertiary cancer centre and its impact on quality of life
Authors: Kakati Barnali , Nair Nita , Chatterjee Aparna
Published: July 2023

Background:

Literature on Post mastectomy pain in the Indian population is scarce. Most literature is from the West. The current study aimed to identify the incidence of post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS), pain severity, and its impact on quality of life in Indian patients.

Method:

Prospective observational study of 120 women undergoing mastectomy between March and December 2017, followed until 6 months after surgery. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) questionnaire and the quality of life questionnaire (QLQ) by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and known as (EORTC-QLQ 30) were used to identify the impact on function and quality of life.

Results:

A 35.8% PMPS incidence was identified at 6 months after mastectomy. Pain was located in the anterior chest wall (41.8%), axilla (32.6%), and medial upper arm (25.6%). Most (48.8%) patients described it as dull aching and of mild intensity (55.8%). No significant association of age, BMI, surgery, Intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) dissection, postoperative pain severity, pain history {dysmenorrhea, headache}, and postoperative radiotherapy with PMPS was found. Pain interfered with daily activities and quality of life in those with PMPS, as deduced from BPI and EORTC-QLQ.

Conclusion:

PMPS is very much a problem affecting the quality of life in our set of patients. Most women tried to cope and accept the pain as part of the treatment process. This shows the need for creating awareness about PMPS among healthcare providers and patients alike. Early identification and treatment of post mastectomy pain should be an essential aspect of patient care.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Alqahtani Ibrahim M. , Al-Garni Abdulaziz M. , Abumelha Majed S. , Alsagti Saleh A. , Alshehri Fatimah A. D. , Alqahtani Abdulrahman A. , Alkhidhran Saif S. S.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The emergence of Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant impacts on individuals and the whole world. It can lead to severe health outcomes that may lead to death. It also affects the psychological status and mental health of the individuals due to fear of infection, isolation, and quarantine. To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic by reviewing the previous studies and original articles published on this subject. Both PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for scientific articles that reported the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The included terms used for the search process were “Prevalence, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, COVID-19, Pandemic, Psychological impact.” The inclusion criteria were original articles written in the English language and conducted on the general population and reported the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress during COVID-19. A total of 2204 articles were obtained; only nine articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria. The included studies involved a total number of 19,277 participants and covered eight countries. The age range of participants was less than 18 years to 90 years, and female participants were more dominant compared to male participants in the majority of the studies. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was varied based on the region of studies and affected factors; however, the COVID-19 pandemic increased the prevalence of the three items.
A pacemaker lead infection as a complication of a discitis post fall in an elderly: A case report
Authors: Hamieh Cima , Sakr Rania , El Hussein Mahmoud
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The population around the world is growing in age, and taking care of the elderly has become a medical challenge as new pathologies, risk factors, treatments, and approaches are being explored. One of the most important chapters that should be focused on is falls in the elderly, as it is a common reason for, not only fractures but also dependency, morbidity, and mortality in this population. The chapter on fall is vast and can be further categorized. In this article, we aim to focus on one of the complications, which is discitis post-vertebral fracture. The patient studied was a 78-year-old female patient who consulted post-fall and was admitted to the geriatric ward for a vertebral fracture. The hospitalization was complicated by a spinal infection and later on by a rarely-seen pacemaker lead infection. Vertebral fractures are very common in the geriatric population, whether spontaneously or post-trauma. Although treatment can be surgical or conservative, complications are commonly seen and can be fatal. Discitis is a medical challenge as the germs can be difficult to isolate, the pain management is difficult and in frail elderly patients, the infection and inflammation can be fatal. Prevention of falls is important in the elderly population as a simple slip can have drastic outcomes. Understanding the possible complications of falls is essential for better management.
Perceptions of volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical and dental professionals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qattan Muneera , Alwashali Duaa , Alshinawi Marwan , Sulimani Omnia Atif , Alluqmani Luran , AlQurashi Maysoon , Alfahmi Najwa , Althubaiti Rehaf , Aboalshamat Khalid
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Volunteering can be defined as any action where time is freely donated to help another individual, organization, or cause. During pandemics, volunteers in the healthcare industry are essential. There were different perspectives on volunteering around the world. This study evaluated Saudi Arabia’s clinical medical and dentistry students’ attitudes and perspectives on volunteering during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Method:

A descriptive cross-sectional study of medical and dental students completing the clinical experience in Saudi Arabia. A web-based survey gathered data, and SPSS, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests were used for analysis.

Results:

The majority of participants had positive attitudes and perceptions of volunteering during COVID-19 on most items. A total of 93.80% said they would volunteer given the opportunity, and 86.25% would respond to governmental calls during health crises. However, 62.26% would volunteer only if compensated, 66.58% needed parental approval before volunteering, and 74.93% had fears about infecting family members. Nearly all items were not significantly different by specialty (medicine/dentistry), gender, nationality, region, or education level.

Conclusions:

Medical and dentistry professionals had good attitudes about volunteering during health disasters, especially when provided proper protection and training. The majority of participants were likely to respond to governmental calls if needed. Future studies should investigate compensation methods and types.
A hospital-based assessment of glycemic control and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sarraf Deependra Prasad , Gupta Pramendra Prasad
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes damage to various organs and leads to the development of disabling and life-threatening complications.

Objectives:

To find out the prevalence of glycemic control and medication adherence (MA) and the factors affecting them.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with T2DM. The patients were categorized as good glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7.0%). MA was categorized as low (score <6), medium (score 6 or 7), and high (score 8). The Statistical Package for Social Science (version 11.5) was used for statistical analysis at a P value less than 0.05.

Results:

Of 129 patients, 65 (50.39%) were females. The mean age was 48.33 ± 12.86 years. The combination of metformin and glimepiride was prescribed to 37 (28.68%) patients. Diabetic knowledge was poor in 84 (65.12%) patients. Glycemic control was good in 108 (83.72%) patients. MA was medium in 72 (55.81%) patients. Patients taking regular fruit, having shorter duration of drug therapy, and having good diabetic knowledge had good glycemic control and were statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Patients having family support, nonalcoholic, taking regular fruit, being involved in daily jogging, having shorter duration of drug therapy, and having good diabetic knowledge had high MA and were statistically significant (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The majority of the diabetic patients had good glycemic control and medium MA. Patients taking regular fruit, being involved in daily jogging, having a shorter duration of drug therapy, and having good diabetic knowledge were identified as factors that affect both glycemic control and MA.
Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of small bowel perforation: A retrospective monocentric cohort study
Authors: Li Zhenlu , Li Shikuan , Wu Changliang , Liu Zhen , Zhao Yeying , Luan Jie , Miao Shuishan , Wang Peige
Published: July 2023

Background:

Free perforation of the small bowel often has a rapid onset, and if left it untreated, can seriously affect a patient’s prognosis. Therefore, in order to fully understand the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of small bowel perforation (SBP), a classification of SBPs or treatment recommendations should be performed.

Subjects and Methods:

A retrospective, monocentric analysis of patients with SBPs was performed for the period of 2018–2022.

Results:

Over a 5-year period, 65 cases of SBP were documented. Perforation’s localization was duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and undocumented. Eight etiologies were differentiated: obstructive (16.9%), ischemic (7.7%), diverticula-related (9.2%), inflammatory (9.2%), malignant (12.4%), traumatic (7.7%), foreign body (3.1%), and idiopathic (33.8%) perforations. Surgery combined with antibiotics was the most commonly used treatment (97.6%). The mortality rate was 6.2%, with a high rate for patients with ischemic and malignant perforations.

Discussion:

We have established the mature diagnostic and therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, it was found that the shorter the time between admission and operation, the better the prognosis, the better quality of life, with 12.3% ostomy rate.

Conclusion:

We have presented a comprehensive analysis of 65 patients treated for SBP over a 5year period, suggested a classification system of SBP according to the etiology, and described diagnostic and therapeutic steps for treatment.
Lagrangian fillings in $A$-type and their Kálmán loop orbits
Authors: Hughes James
Published: July 2023

We compare two constructions of exact Lagrangian fillings of Legendrian positive braid closures, the Legendrian weaves of Casals–Zaslow, and the decomposable Lagrangian fillings of Ekholm–Honda–Kálmán, and show that they coincide for large families of Lagrangian fillings. As a corollary, we obtain an explicit correspondence between Hamiltonian isotopy classes of decomposable Lagrangian fillings of Legendrian

(2,n)

torus links described by Ekholm–Honda–Kálmán and the weave fillings constructed by Treumann and Zaslow. We apply this result to describe the orbital structure of the Kálmán loop and give a combinatorial criteria to determine the orbit size of a filling. We follow our geometric discussion with a Floer-theoretic proof of the orbital structure, where an identity studied by Euler in the context of continued fractions makes a surprise appearance. We conclude by giving a purely combinatorial description of the Kálmán loop action on the fillings discussed above in terms of edge flips of triangulations.
War, society, and culture
Authors: Beckett Ian F.W.
Published: July 2023

Warfare was integral to British society in the long nineteenth century and had a multifaceted impact upon Britain. Paradoxically it was often peripheral to the life of its people
notwithstanding the levels of military and naval mobilisation often achieved and the enduring cultural legacies. Naval primacy effectively isolated the British from the perception of
mortal danger for much of the time albeit that there were genuine threats of invasion and invasion panics at other times. It spared Britain from continental-style conscription,
enabling maintenance of a system of voluntary enlistment for the regular army. Very much out of sight and out of mind in imperial garrisons, that army was frequently deeply unpopular.
Outside of major wars, direct military participation was limited although there was visceral popular participation in military, naval, and imperial glories. Britain was never a
militarised state but one shaped by war and, by 1914, one conditioned to meet the challenges of global war on an unprecedented scale.
Empire, migration, and immigration
Authors: Lindgren-Gibson Alexandra
Published: July 2023

In a century marked by mass European migrations, the largest number of people leaving Europe left from Britain. British migration in the nineteenth century took a number of forms:
internal migration within the British Isles, emigration to the United States and to British settler colonies, and movement throughout the British Empire, under the auspices of the
military or colonial administration. This essay covers the forces that compelled people to migrate, the history of Irish and Scottish migrants, the draw of settler colonies, the role
of empire in moving Britons and other imperial subjects around the globe, soldiers and workers in histories of nineteenth-century mobility, and migration as punishment and social
control. It also considers the history and motivations of return migrants, arguing that migration was seldom a straightforward journey from one location to another.
The world of work
Authors: Loftus Donna
Published: July 2023

This essay gives an overview of the changing nature of work in the nineteenth century. It focuses on the organisation of work and the persistence of custom alongside the growing
influence of contracts, political economy, and state regulation. It explores attitudes to work and the moral values attached to earning a living. It shows that whilst some things
changed beyond all expectation, illustrated most obviously in the rise of the factory, others changed very little at all. By the end of the period, a modernised workforce in new
bureaucracies and industries, managed by professionals attuned to market forces but regulated by the state, existed alongside handicraft producers and penny capitalists, organising
work through middle-men subcontracting to networks of producers with rhythms shaped by seasonal demand, family dynamics, and consumer habits.
Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Dijital Kadın Girişimciliği
Authors: MUŞTU Yağmur
Published: July 2023

Dijitalleşme dünya genelinde ekonomi faaliyetlerinde popülerlik kazanmakta ve kadınların ekonomide yükselerek güçlenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Dijital girişimcilik çevrimiçi girişimcilik, online girişimcilik, e-girişimcilik olarak bilinen girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin bir bölümünün ya da tamamının online ortamda gerçekleştirilmesiyle yürütülmektedir. Literatür taraması olarak gerçekleştirilen makale kadınların dijital girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin keşfedilmesi, fırsatlarının ve engellerinin açıklanması, kadınların dijital girişimcilik faaliyetlerinde sosyal medyanın rolünün ve başarılı örnek uygulamaların belirlenmesi bu bağlamda sonuç ve önerilerin saptanması amacı taşımaktadır.
Phenotypic characterization of Harar and Ogaden cattle breeds of Ethiopia: The first step for conservation
Authors: Mustefa Amine , Aseged Tesfalem , Sinkie Seble , Getachew Fasil , Fekensa Tesfu , Misganaw Manaye , Hailu Abebe
Published: July 2023

Fourteen morphological and eight morphometric traits on a total of 456 adult cattle (354 cows and 102 oxen) from five purposively selected districts were recorded to characterize the cattle populations in eastern Ethiopia. Frequency, general linear model, and multivariate analysis procedures of Statistical Analysis Software (SAS 9.0) were used to analyze the data. The morphological similarities among the cattle populations from Tulo, Jarso, and Fedis districts confirm the presence of a unique cattle breed which was previously referred to as Harar cattle. The same was observed for the cattle populations from Jigjiga and Kebri Beyah districts which were previously referred to as Ogaden cattle. The Harar cattle are characterized by their forward-oriented, widely spaced, and medium-length horns while the Ogaden cattle possess upright-oriented, narrowly spaced short horns. The majority of the Ogaden cattle had gray body color while the Harar cattle possess multiple body colors where red and its combination with white and black colors are observed frequently. Most of the morphometric measurement values were higher for the oxen, while the cows had longer horns. Moreover, Ogaden cattle had higher morphometric measurement values than the Harar cattle. According to the multivariate analysis results the cattle populations in the study area were separated into two breeds; the Harar and Ogaden. However, these results only showed the phenotypic differences which might not necessarily be due to genetic differences. Therefore, further genetic characterization is recommended to understand their level of relationships which in turn helps to design conservation and breeding programs.
Detecção de Mudanças do Uso e Cobertura do Solo no Município de Canaã dos Carajás, Pará
Authors: Furtado Layse Gomes , Braga Pereira Carla , Silva Davi  Farias da , Belato Leoni de Souza , De Freitas Pereira Bruno Wendell
Published: July 2023

Na região Amazônica as alterações da cobertura vegetal estão associadas, principalmente, a exploração madeireira, extração mineral e agropecuária. Essa conversão da floresta em solo exposto érecorrente em municípios paraenses, como Canaã dos Carajás. Diante disso, o artigo buscou analisar a dinâmica espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura do solo desse município durante 30 anos, mapeando, classificando e quantificando as classes encontradas na superficie por meio de geotecnologias. Assim, elaborou-se uma série histórica de mapas de uso e cobertura da terra e gráficos estatísticos que exibem dados sobre a matriz de conversão, análise de persistência e processo de transição das classes. Os resultados evidenciaram a transformação da formação floresta em pastagem, mineração e infraestrutura urbana, estas ocupando atualmente mais de 50% do município; a atividade pecuária tem maior destaque na mudança de paisagem na região e a atividade mineraria serviu de catalizador para a expansão urbana na sede municipal.