bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consent and Submission
Authors: Maglaras Vasilis
Published: January 2013

This article examines the concept of civil society as developed in the Gramscian theory under the prism of its ideological correlations, that is, as the field of development and reproduction of consent and submission to the political. It is in the framework of this analysis that the question of whether the Gramscian theory can become a modern instrument of theoretical elaboration of the forms that civil society is taking today is raised. Moreover, the concept of the state and the role the concept of hegemony has in the analysis of the class struggle which takes on the character of “intellectual struggle” is considered. Furthermore the relationship between the meaning of hegemony and that of ideology is developed as well as that between consent and submission. Within the aforementioned analysis, the article attempts among other things to bring forward the multiple antinomies Gramsci faces and which extend throughout his theory. Finally, it is argued that the validity of Gramscian theory, in connection to the questions raised in the present article, is limited only to the interwar period and has little analytical value for contemporary sociopolitical reality.
The diversity of the immune response to the A2 domain of human factor VIII
Authors: Markovitz Rebecca C. , Healey John F. , Parker Ernest T. , Meeks Shannon L. , Lollar Pete
Published: January 2013

Key Points

The Abs to the human fVIII A2 domain in a murine hemophilia A model inhibit fVIIIa and activation of fVIII Epitopes targeted by hemophilia A mouse Abs cover nearly the entire surface of the human fVIII A2 domain
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Vietnam, 2011
Authors: Olsen Birgitta , Lan Pham Thi , Golparian Daniel , Johansson Emma , Khang Tran Hau , Unemo Magnus
Published: January 2013

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern worldwide. In Vietnam, knowledge regarding N. gonorrhoeae prevalence and AMR is limited, and data concerning genetic characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae is totally lacking. Herein, we investigated the phenotypic AMR (previous, current and possible future treatment options), genetic resistance determinants for extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), and genotypic distribution of N. gonorrhoeae isolated in 2011 in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods

N. gonorrhoeae isolates from Hanoi, Vietnam isolated in 2011 (n = 108) were examined using antibiograms (Etest for 10 antimicrobials), Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and sequencing of ESC resistance determinants (penA, mtrR and penB).

Results

The levels of in vitro resistance were as follows: ciprofloxacin 98%, tetracycline 82%, penicillin G 48%, azithromycin 11%, ceftriaxone 5%, cefixime 1%, and spectinomycin 0%. The MICs of gentamicin (0.023-6 mg/L), ertapenem (0.002-0.125 mg/L) and solithromycin (<0.016-0.25 mg/L) were relatively low. No penA mosaic alleles were found, however, 78% of the isolates contained an alteration of amino acid A501 (A501V (44%) and A501T (34%)) in the encoded penicillin-binding protein 2. A single nucleotide (A) deletion in the inverted repeat of the promoter region of the mtrR gene and amino acid alterations in MtrR was observed in 91% and 94% of the isolates, respectively. penB resistance determinants were detected in 87% of the isolates. Seventy-five different NG-MAST STs were identified, of which 59 STs have not been previously described.

Conclusions

In Vietnam, the highly diversified gonococcal population displayed high in vitro resistance to antimicrobials previously recommended for gonorrhoea treatment (with exception of spectinomycin), but resistance also to the currently recommended ESCs were found. Nevertheless, the MICs of three potential future treatment options were low. It is essential to strengthen the diagnostics, case reporting, and epidemiologic surveillance of gonorrhoea in Vietnam. Furthermore, the surveillance of gonococcal AMR and gonorrhoea treatment failures is imperative to reinforce. Research regarding novel antimicrobial treatment strategies (e.g., combination therapy) and new antimicrobials is crucial for future treatment of gonorrhoea.
Evidence of reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to mitochondrial DNA in children with typical autism
Authors: Napoli Eleonora , Wong Sarah , Giulivi Cecilia
Published: January 2013

Background

The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is particularly susceptible to damage mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although elevated ROS production and elevated biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found in tissues from children with autism spectrum disorders, evidence for damage to mtDNA is lacking.

Findings

mtDNA deletions were evaluated in peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMC) isolated from 2–5 year old children with full autism (AU; n = 67), and typically developing children (TD; n = 46) and their parents enrolled in the CHildhood Autism Risk from Genes and Environment study (CHARGE) at University of California Davis. Sequence variants were evaluated in mtDNA segments from AU and TD children (n = 10; each) and their mothers representing 31.2% coverage of the entire human mitochondrial genome. Increased mtDNA damage in AU children was evidenced by (i) higher frequency of mtDNA deletions (2-fold), (ii) higher number of GC→AT transitions (2.4-fold), being GC preferred sites for oxidative damage, and (iii) higher frequency of G,C,T→A transitions (1.6-fold) suggesting a higher incidence of polymerase gamma incorporating mainly A at bypassed apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, probably originated from oxidative stress. The last two outcomes were identical to their mothers suggesting the inheritance of a template consistent with increased oxidative damage, whereas the frequency of mtDNA deletions in AU children was similar to that of their fathers.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors, taking place during perinatal periods, results in a mtDNA template in children with autism similar to that expected for older individuals.
Hippocampal cellular loss after brief hypotension
Authors: Chaparro Rafael E , Quiroga Carolina , Bosco Gerardo , Erasso Diana , Rubini Alessandro , Mangar Devanand , Parmagnani Andrea , Camporesi Enrico M
Published: January 2013

Brief episodes of hypotension have been shown to cause acute brain damage inanimal models. We used a rat hemorrhagic shock model to assess functionaloutcome and to measure the relative neuronal damage at 1, 4 and 14 dayspost-injury (3 min of hypotension). All rats underwent a neurological assessmentincluding motor abilities, sensory system evaluation and retrograde memory atpost-hypotensive insult. Brains were harvested and stained for Fluorojade C andNissl. Stereology was used to analyze Fluorojade C and Nissl stained brainsections to quantitatively detect neuronal damage after the hypotensive insult.Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 5 with the Bonferronitest at a 95% confidence interval after ANOVA. A Mixed Effect Model was usedfor the passive avoidance evaluation. Stereologically counted fluorojadepositive cells in the hippocampus revealed significant differences in neuronalcell injury between control rats and rats that received 3 min of hypotension oneday after insult. Quantification of Nissl positive neuronal cells showed asignificant decrease in the number hippocampal cells at day 14. No changes infrontal cortical cells were evident at any time, no significative changes inneurological assessments as well. Our observations show that brief periods ofhemorrhage-induced hypotension actually result in neuronal cell damage inSprague–Dawley rats even if the extent of neuronal damage that wasincurred was not significant enough to cause changes in motor or sensorybehavior.
The Role of GH in Adipose Tissue: Lessons from Adipose-Specific GH Receptor Gene-Disrupted Mice
Authors: List Edward O. , Berryman Darlene E. , Funk Kevin , Gosney Elahu S. , Jara Adam , Kelder Bruce , Wang Xinyue , Kutz Laura , Troike Katie , Lozier Nicholas , Mikula Vincent , Lubbers Ellen R. , Zhang Han , Vesel Clare , Junnila Riia K. , Frank Stuart J. , Masternak Michal M. , Bartke Andrzej , Kopchick John J.
Published: January 2013

GH receptor (GHR) gene-disrupted mice (GHR−/−) have provided countless discoveries as to the numerous actions of GH. Many of these discoveries highlight the importance of GH in adipose tissue. For example GHR−/− mice are insulin sensitive yet obese with preferential enlargement of the sc adipose depot. GHR−/− mice also have elevated levels of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin, compared with controls leading some to suggest that GH may negatively regulate certain adipokines. To help clarify the role that GH exerts specifically on adipose tissue in vivo, we selectively disrupted GHR in adipose tissue to produce Fat GHRKnockout (FaGHRKO) mice. Surprisingly, FaGHRKOs shared only a few characteristics with global GHR−/− mice. Like the GHR−/− mice, FaGHRKO mice are obese with increased total body fat and increased adipocyte size. However, FaGHRKO mice have increases in all adipose depots with no improvements in measures of glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, resistin and adiponectin levels in FaGHRKO mice are similar to controls (or slightly decreased) unlike the increased levels found in GHR−/− mice, suggesting that GH does not regulate these adipokines directly in adipose tissue in vivo. Other features of FaGHRKO mice include decreased levels of adipsin, a near-normal GH/IGF-1 axis, and minimal changes to a large assortment of circulating factors that were measured such as IGF-binding proteins. In conclusion, specific removal of GHR in adipose tissue is sufficient to increase adipose tissue and decrease circulating adipsin. However, removal of GHR in adipose tissue alone is not sufficient to increase levels of resistin or adiponectin and does not alter glucose metabolism.
Regulation of succinate-fueled mitochondrial respiration in liver and skeletal muscle of hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels
Authors: Brown Jason C. L. , Chung Dillon J. , Cooper Alex N. , Staples James F.
Published: January 2013

Hibernating ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) alternate between two distinct metabolic states throughout winter: torpor, during which metabolic rate (MR) and body temperature (Tb) are considerably suppressed, and interbout euthermia (IBE), during which MR and Tb briefly return to euthermic levels. Previous studies showed suppression of succinate-fueled respiration during torpor in liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria; however, these studies used only a single, saturating succinate concentration. Therefore, they could not address whether mitochondrial metabolic suppression occurs under physiological substrate concentrations or whether differences in the kinetics of mitochondrial responses to changing substrate concentration might also contribute to mitochondrial metabolic regulation during torpor. The present study confirmed that succinate oxidation is reduced during torpor in liver and skeletal muscle at 37°C and 10°C over a 100-fold range of succinate concentrations. At 37°C, this suppression resulted from inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), which had a greater affinity for oxaloacetate (an SDH inhibitor) during torpor. At 10°C, SDH was not inhibited, suggesting that SDH inhibition initiates but does not maintain mitochondrial suppression during torpor. Moreover, in both liver and skeletal muscle, mitochondria from torpid animals maintained relatively higher respiration rates at low succinate concentrations, which reduces the extent of energy savings that can be achieved during torpor but may also maintain mitochondrial oxidative capacity above some lower critical threshold, thereby preventing cellular and/or mitochondrial injury during torpor and facilitating rapid recruitment of oxidative capacity during arousal.
Invasion and adaptation of a warm adapted species to montane localities: effect of acclimation potential
Authors: Chahal Jyoti , Kataria Sudhir Kumar , Parkash Ravi
Published: January 2013

Drosophila ananassae has successfully invaded the cold and dry montane localities of the Western Himalayas in recent years. The ability of this desiccation and cold sensitive tropical Drosophila species to evolve in response to seasonal changes in montane localities is largely unknown. Here, we investigated how this sensitive species adapt to seasonally varying environmental conditions that are lethal to its survival. We observed change in the frequency of dark and light morphs of D. ananassae in five mid-altitude localities during last decade (2000 to 2010). We document invasion of D. ananassae to montane localities and increase in frequency of the dark morph. The stress tolerance of morphs (dark and light) remained unaffected of developmental acclimation. However, adult acclimation has shown significant effects on tolerance to various environmental stresses in morphs and effect of this acclimation persist for long durations. Desiccation and cold stress tolerance was increased after adult acclimation for respective stress in the dark morph; while tolerance of the light morph was not affected. Further, heat tolerance of the light morph was increased after adult heat acclimation with no influence on heat tolerance of the dark morph. Our results suggest a possible role of adult acclimation in successful invasion and adaptation of D. ananassae to montane localities. Future experiments should be carried out to know if the survival in adverse conditions of low versus high temperature and humidity during seasonal changes is assisted by different acclimation abilities of the two morphs of D. ananassae.
Language processing and the evolution of rhythmic patterns: Asymmetries in binary stress systems
Authors: Noel Aziz Hanna Patrizia
Published: January 2013

Rhythmic stress is assigned automatically in everyday speech. Usually, it is produced without conscious planning of which syllables have to be stressed. However, the ‘grammaticalisation’ of rhythmic patterns is the result of language processing. It is the outcome of a selective process which is proposed to lead to a preference or dispreference for specific rhythmic structures. In the languages of the world, judging by the typological data available, some rhythmic patterns seem to be completely avoided – even if this means an increase of complexity within a stress system. Focussing on asymmetries in binary stress systems, it is suggested in this paper that processing limitations in speech production motivate stress patterns. It is also demonstrated that the domain of the prosodic word is insufficient for a motivation of these asymmetries. Since one-word sentences are not the rule, but the exception, asymmetries find their motivation on the level of the sentence.
Grammatical aspect, gesture, and conceptualization: Using co-speech gesture to reveal event representations
Authors: Parrill Fey , Bergen Benjamin K. , Lichtenstein Patricia V.
Published: January 2013

Grammatical aspect is a pervasive linguistic device that, according to linguistic analyses, allows speakers to encode different ways of construing events. For instance, the progressive (I was writing a book) is thought to reflect increased focus on the internal details of an event, as contrasted with the perfect (I had written a book). However, experimental evidence that speakers describing events using progressive versus non-progressive aspect are in fact thinking about the same events differently is lacking. We used co-speech gesture as a means to investigate what speakers' event representations are like when they produce progressive versus non-progressive utterances. We found that progressive event descriptions were accompanied by longer-lasting and more complex gestures, but only when participants described events originally presented to them in the progressive. This evidence suggests that people are actually construing events differently when they use different grammatical aspects, but that the aspect originally used to encode the events plays a role as well.
Brainstem dysgenesis during the neonatal period: diagnosis and management
Authors: Castilla-Fernández Yolanda , Boix Héctor , Macaya Alfons , Vázquez Elida , Gratacòs Margarida , Roig-Quilis Manuel
Published: January 2013

Aims: To report our neonatal management experience in patients who received a diagnosis of brainstem dysgenesis (BSD).

Patients and methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 15 neonates with BSD diagnosed between 1984 and 2011. Data on the perinatal period, physical examination, laboratory findings, and management by systems were systematically analyzed.

Results: All cases were sporadic. Cocaine abuse and misoprostol use were recorded in two pregnancies. The reason for admission was prematurity (2 of 15), respiratory distress (8 of 15), gastroschisis (1 of 15), and abnormal neurological examination (4 of 15). Clinically, the most commonly affected cranial nerves were the 7th (13 of 15), 9th (11 of 15), 10th (8 of 15), 5th (7 of 15), 12th (7 of 15), 6th (3 of 15), 4th (1 of 15), and 3rd (1 of 15). Five patients required positive pressure ventilation during delivery room resuscitation, three had difficult airways, and two needed tracheostomy during admission. Most patients required nasogastric tube feeding shortly after birth, and four patients had a gastrostomy on discharge. Two patients died of respiratory and cardiac failure. Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity were used to exclude generalized neuromuscular disorders, and in conjunction with other neurophysiological and gastrointestinal tract studies, helped uncover the extent of brainstem involvement in most cases. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis in more than half of the patients.

Conclusions: Early diagnosis of BSD is mainly clinical, difficult to establish unless suspected, and crucial to prevent complications. Neonatal care of patients with BSD requires a comprehensive approach that must take into consideration the etiological, anatomical, and pathogenic aspects contributing to the clinical manifestations of this disorder. Care should be provided by multidisciplinary teams, in which neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, nutritionists, physical therapists, and other professionals participate, depending on the associated morbidity in order to improve its management and prognosis.
Roll-Over Shapes of Musculoskeletal Biped Walker
Authors: Narioka Kenichi , Homma Toshiyuki , Hosoda Koh
Published: January 2013

In this paper, we investigate how the roll-over characteristic of a passivity-based walking robot with flat feet is created and affected by its musculoskeletal structure, which is easily modeled by an agonistic and antagonistic pair of muscles. We hypothesize that the curvature radius and the center position of the roll-over shape (ROS), defined as the centers of pressures transformed into a shank coordinate, is strongly related to the stiffness and the equilibrium posture of the ankle joint, which are determined by the tonuses of the agonistic and the antagonistic muscles. We built a new musculoskeletal biped walking robot driven by pneumatic actuators and conducted exhaustive walking experiment with various ankle conditions. The hypothesis is verified experimentally by analyzing the ROSs of the walking robot.
Entkopplungsregelungen für lineare überaktuierte Systeme
Authors: Wahrburg Arne , Adamy Jürgen
Published: January 2013

Gegenstand des Beitrags ist der Entwurf von statischen Zustandsreglern zur Führungsentkopplung in linearen überaktuierten Systemen. Zum einen wird eine Erweiterung der Entwurfsmethodik nach Falb und Wolovich erläutert, welche eine einfache Nutzung der zusätzlichen Freiheitsgrade gegenüber klassischen Entkopplungsreglern ermöglicht. Zum anderen erlaubt ein parametrischer Entwurf die Interpretation der entstehenden Freiheitsgrade. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Reduzierung der Stellenergie sowie die Steigerung der Robustheit von Entkopplungsregelungen vorgestellt.
Crystal structure of bis-(biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylato)bis[(2,2'- dipyridyl)zinc(II)], C48H36N4O10Zn2
Authors: Yang Li-Fang , Tian Wei-Man , Liang Peng
Published: January 2013

C48H36N4O10Zn2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.956(4) Å, b = 9.479(3) Å, c = 20.569(7) Å, β = 104.443(4)°, V = 2068.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0332, wRref(F2) = 0.0877, T = 296 K.
Methods for estimating spatial trends in Steller sea lion pup production using the Kalman filter
Authors: Fay Gavin , Punt André E.
Published: January 2013

Many species exhibit spatially varying trends in population size and status, often driven by differences among factors affecting individual subpopulations. Estimation and differentiation of such trends may be important for management, and a driving force for monitoring programs. The ability to estimate spatial differences in population trend may depend on assumptions regarding connectivity among subpopulations (stock structure or spatial overlap in stressors), information that is often poorly known. Linear state‐space models using the Kalman filter were developed, tested, and applied for trend estimation of pup production for the western Alaska stock of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), given only count data. Models were able to estimate trends and abundance even when data were missing. Models that assumed spatial correlation in trend among rookeries were more robust to stock structure assumptions when the stock structure was potentially mis‐specified. High levels of spatial correlation among rookeries estimated from Steller sea lion pup count data are consistent with large‐scale covariance of population trend within the Steller sea lion metapopulation.
Breastfeeding and Tacrolimus
Authors: Bramham Kate , Chusney Gary , Lee Janet , Lightstone Liz , Nelson-Piercy Catherine
Published: January 2013

Background and objectives

Women have traditionally been advised not to breastfeed while taking tacrolimus, based on theoretical risks of neonatal immunosuppression and assumed secretion into breast milk, rather than clinical data suggesting neonatal absorption. The aim of this study was to assess tacrolimus levels in breast milk and neonatal exposure during breastfeeding.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

An observational cohort study was performed in two tertiary referral high-risk obstetric medicine clinics. Fourteen women taking tacrolimus during pregnancy and lactation, and their 15 infants, 11 of whom were exclusively breast-fed, were assessed. Tacrolimus levels were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Samples from mothers and cord blood were collected at delivery and from mothers, infants, and breast milk postnatally where possible.

Results

All infants with serial sampling had a decline in tacrolimus level, which was approximately 15% per day (ratio of geometric mean concentrations 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.88; P<0.001). Breast-fed infants did not have higher tacrolimus levels compared with bottle-fed infants (median 1.3 μg/L [range, 0.0–4.0] versus 1.0 μg/L [range, 0.0–2.3], respectively; P=0.91). Maximum estimated absorption from breast milk is 0.23% of maternal dose (weight-adjusted).

Conclusions

Ingestion of tacrolimus by infants via breast milk is negligible. Breastfeeding does not appear to slow the decline of infant tacrolimus levels from higher levels present at birth. Women taking tacrolimus should not be discouraged from breastfeeding if monitoring of infant levels is available.
Minimum cost network flows: Problems, algorithms, and software
Authors: Sifaleras Angelo
Published: January 2013

We present a wide range of problems concerning minimum cost network flows,
and give an overview of the classic linear single-commodity Minimum Cost
Network Flow Problem (MCNFP) and some other closely related problems, either
tractable or intractable. We also discuss state-of-the-art algorithmic
approaches and recent advances in the solution methods for the MCNFP.
Finally, optimization software packages for the MCNFP are presented.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Depression and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Kan Carol , Silva Naomi , Golden Sherita Hill , Rajala Ulla , Timonen Markku , Stahl Daniel , Ismail Khalida
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

Depression is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, controlled trials, and unpublished data was conducted to examine the association between depression and insulin resistance (IR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published up to September 2011. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report based on predefined inclusion criteria (study design and measure of depression and IR, excluding prevalent cases of diabetes). Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size using random effects. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore any potential source of heterogeneity between studies.

RESULTS

Of 967 abstracts reviewed, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 18 studies had appropriate data for the meta-analysis (n = 25,847). The pooled effect size (95% CI) was 0.19 (0.11–0.27) with marked heterogeneity (I2 = 82.2%) using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was not explained by age or sex, but could be partly explained by the methods of depression and IR assessments.

CONCLUSIONS

A small but significant cross-sectional association was observed between depression and IR, despite heterogeneity between studies. The pathophysiology mechanisms and direction of this association need further study using a purposively designed prospective or intervention study in samples at high risk for diabetes.
Provenance study of volcanic glass using 266–1064 nm orthogonal double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Hrdlička Aleš , Prokeš Lubomír , Galiová Michaela , Novotný Karel , Vitešníková Anna , Helešicová Tereza , Kanický Viktor
Published: January 2013

Double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in orthogonal configuration was used for the analysis of twelve samples of volcanic glass. Raw material and artifact samples originated from Czech, Slovak, German, Hungarian, Greek, Turkish, and Ukrainian sites. The primary 266 nm laser beam was focused onto a sample area of about 0.1 mm in diameter at the optimised energy of 10 mJ resulting in only very slight sample damage, almost unrecognizable even by a microscope. The secondary 1064 nm laser beam, positioned parallel to the sample surface and focused onto the intersection with the primary beam, induced a spark with enhanced radiation at the optimised energy of 100 mJ. Measurement of emission lines selected on basis of chemical composition, signal intensity, signal-to-background ratio, and minimum interference from the surrounding spectra: Si(I) 288.16 nm, Mg(II) 279.55 nm, 280.27 nm, Mg(I) 285.21 nm, Ca(II) 317.93 nm, Na(I) 589.59 nm, Al(I) 308.22 nm, Fe(II) 259.94 nm, Ti(II) 334.94 nm, Sr(II) 407.77 nm, Ba(II) 455.40 nm, K(I) 769.90 nm, provided experimental data sufficiently sensitive to differentiate the properties of the studied samples. Rare earth elements were not detected even though the double pulse technique is more sensitive than the single pulse variant. Visualisation methods of multidimensional statistical analyses such as radar chart, Chernoff faces, scatterplots, and the Spearman correlation matrix provided successful differentiation of the sample groups and/or particular samples by their origin.
Critical Moments in Elite Premiership Football: Who Do You Think You Are?
Authors: Nesti Mark , Littlewood Martin , O’Halloran Lisa , Eubank Martin , Richardson David
Published: January 2013

The present paper aims to specifically outline the critical moments that permeate professional football players’ development and existence in elite level English Premiership football. It also recognises the role of the applied sport psychologist in working with top players to address issues that challenge, impact (and change) player identity and personal meaning as they travel through their career from youth to professional to retirement. We conclude the paper by introducing some alternative perspectives on theory and practice. The paper is a result of the combined interests and applied activity of the authors and draws from theoretical frameworks and concepts in social psychology, existential phenomenological psychology and sociology. In this regard the paper attempts to synthesise (and celebrate) complimentary disciplines in order to allow us to consider the individual player within their social context.
An incomplete paraplegia following the dislocation of an artificial cervical total disc replacement
Authors: Viezens Lennart , Schaefer Christian , Beyerlein Jörg , Thietje Roland , Hansen-Algenstaedt Nils
Published: January 2013

Replacement of the cervical intervertebral disc by artificial implants, known as cervical total disc replacement (CTDR), is becoming a generally applied method instead of using the gold standard of the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Hypothetically, the preserved mobility results in the protection of the neighboring segments. There is growing evidence that results in patients who underwent CTDR were not inferior when compared to results in patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The authors report a case of a healthy 53-year-old man who suffered an incomplete paraplegia below C-6 following the dislocation of an artificial CTDR device into the spinal canal with consequent compression of the spinal cord.
Registration of FC1028, FC1037, FC1038, and FC1036 Multigerm Sugarbeet Germplasm with Multiple Disease Resistances
Authors: Panella Lee , Lewellen R. T. , McGrath J. M.
Published: January 2013

FC1028 (Reg. No. GP‐282, PI 665053), FC1036 (Reg. No. GP‐283, PI 665054), FC1037 (Reg. No. GP‐284, PI 665055), and FC1038 (Reg. No. GP‐285, PI 665056) sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) germplasms were released and developed by the USDA‐ARS, at Fort Collins, CO, Salinas, CA, and East Lansing, MI, in cooperation with the Beet Sugar Development Foundation, Denver, CO. All four germplasms are diploid, multigerm sugarbeet populations in normal cytoplasm, segregating for self‐sterility (Sf:SsSs), multigermity (M:mm), hypocotyl color (R:rr) and the gene (Rz1:rz1rz1), which confers resistance to some strains of rhizomania.
Registration of Mutant Population MD 15 M4 Gossypium hirsutum L. with Enhanced Fiber Quality
Authors: Bechere Efrem , Meredith William R. , Boykin J. Clif
Published: January 2013

Mutant population MD 15 M4 (Reg. No. GP‐957, PI 665638) is a unique mutant germplasm population of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). This germplasm was developed by the USDA‐ARS, Stoneville, MS and released in June 2012. In 2008, about 5000 seeds of a germplasm line, MD 15, were chemically mutagenized with 3.2% v/v of ethyl methanesulfonate. The treated seeds were hand planted in the field at Lubbock, TX in 2008 to produce the M1. One boll was hand picked from each of about 2000 surviving M1 plants, and this bulk was planted at Stoneville in 2009 to produce the M2. In 2010, the M3 was generated by the same procedure. In 2011, one boll from each plant was bulked and labeled MD 15 M4. In 2010 and 2011, random samples of the M3 and M4, along with the unmutated parent were planted in replicated progeny rows, and fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity, micronaire, and seed index were measured. Significant sample variances between the mutants and parent were observed for lint percentage, fiber strength, and micronaire in 2011. The higher standard deviation for fiber strength of the mutants (40.5) than that of the parent (38.7) indicated that the data points are spread out over a larger range of values for the mutants. We believe that chemical mutagenesis can be used as one of the tools to help improve some of the economically important traits in cotton.
Melatonin May Curtail the Metabolic Syndrome: Studies on Initial and Fully Established Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Cardinali Daniel , Bernasconi Pablo , Reynoso Roxana , Toso Carlos , Scacchi Pablo
Published: January 2013

To examine the effect of melatonin given to rats simultaneously with fructose on initial and fully developed metabolic syndrome, male Wistar rats had free access to chow and 5% or 10% fructose drinking solution for 8 weeks. As compared to controls, systolic blood pressure augmented significantly under both treatments whereas excessive body weight was seen in rats receiving the 10% fructose only. Rats drinking 5% fructose showed a greater tolerance to a glucose load while rats having access to a 10% fructose drinking solution exhibited the expected impaired glucose tolerance found in the metabolic syndrome. Circulating triglyceride and low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-c) concentration augmented significantly in rats showing a fully developed metabolic syndrome only, while high blood cholesterol levels were found at both stages examined. Melatonin (25 μg/mL drinking solution) counteracted the changes in body weight and systolic blood pressure found in rats administered with fructose. Melatonin decreased the abnormal hyperglycemia seen after a glucose load in 10% fructose-treated rats but it did not modify the greater tolerance to glucose observed in animals drinking 5% fructose. Melatonin also counteracted the changes in plasma LDL-c, triglyceride and cholesterol levels and decreased plasma uric acid levels. The results underline a possible therapeutical role of melatonin in the metabolic syndrome, both at initial and established phases.
Automatic Stem Mapping by Merging Several Terrestrial Laser Scans at the Feature and Decision Levels
Authors: Liang Xinlian , Hyyppä Juha
Published: January 2013

Detailed up-to-date ground reference data have become increasingly important in quantitative forest inventories. Field reference data are conventionally collected at the sample plot level by means of manual measurements, which are both labor-intensive and time-consuming. In addition, the number of attributes collected from the tree stem is limited. More recently, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), using both single-scan and multi-scan techniques, has proven to be a promising solution for efficient stem mapping at the plot level. In the single-scan method, the laser scanner is placed at the center of the plot, creating only one scan, and all trees are mapped from the single-scan point cloud. Consequently, the occlusion of stems increases as the range of the scanner increases, depending on the forest’s attributes. In the conventional multi-scan method, several scans are made simultaneously inside and outside of the plot to collect point clouds representing all trees within the plot, and these scans are accurately co-registered by using artificial reference targets manually placed throughout the plot. The additional difficulty of applying the multi-scan method is due to the point-cloud registration of several scans not being fully automated yet. This paper proposes a multi-single-scan (MSS) method to map the sample plot. The method does not require artificial reference targets placed on the plot or point-level registration. The MSS method is based on the fully automated processing of each scan independently and on the merging of the stem positions automatically detected from multiple scans to accurately map the sample plot. The proposed MSS method was tested on five dense forest plots. The results show that the MSS method significantly improves the stem-detection accuracy compared with the single-scan approach and achieves a mapping accuracy similar to that achieved with the multi-scan method, without the need for the point-level registration.
Palm stem anatomy and computer‐aided identification: The Coryphoideae (Arecaceae)
Authors: Thomas Romain , De Franceschi Dario
Published: January 2013

•Premise of the study:Through a comparative study of the anatomy of palm stems and the development of an interactive web‐based tool, the present paper aims to provide a method of identifying palm stems. The stem determination will allow specialists in archaeology and paleontology to better exploit palm fossils for paleoenvironmental interpretations. The precise anatomical description also provides new systematic data tested in phylogenetic analyses (new anatomical characters, stratigraphic calibrations).

•Methods:Stem samples were collected, including representatives from each tribe of the five palm subfamilies, and 25 descriptors (with 78 states) were defined within 37 taxa and registered in Xper2, a management tool for taxonomic description that allows editing of standardized descriptions. Some descriptors were used for the first time in this work; others were compiled from the existing literature. While all the palm subfamilies were included in the present study, the focus here is on the Coryphoideae.

•Key results:Descriptors were mainly based on the general organization of the transverse section and the structure of the fibrovascular bundles as well as ground parenchyma. Coryphoideae have 1, 2, or more metaxylem elements, whereas the other subfamilies systematically present only 1 or 1 and 2 metaxylem elements. The centrifugal differentiation of the sheath of phloem fibers is described in other subfamilies but is not found in the Coryphoideae (except in Caryoteae).

•Conclusion:Some tribes are easy to identify (Borasseae, Cryosophileae, Phoeniceae, Caryoteae); others are rather heterogeneous and more difficult to define (Chuniophoeniceae, Trachycarpeae). Caryoteae presents some unique states of the Arecoideae.
Polémicos privilegios: dos versiones de la primera sátira conocida en contra de los conversos
Authors: Carpenter Dwayne E.
Published: January 2013

La literatura anticonversa del siglo XV se destaca por su diversidad genérica –tratados en prosa, sermones, sátiras poéticas, alegorías, etc.–, pero todas estas obras coinciden en su finalidad de ridiculizar individuos o envilecer la colectividad conversa. Mientras que la mayor parte de estos escritos expresan su animadversión de forma tosca y estereotipada, algunos se distinguen por su forma ingeniosa de diatriba, cobijo retórico que pretende disfrazar los sentimientos moralmente repugnantes que abarcan. Entre ellos se encuentra un curioso documento inédito llamado Privilegio del rey don Juan Segundo concedido a un hombre llamado Hernando, privado suyo, para ser marrano, aunque no lo era por nacimiento, texto manuscrito del siglo XVIII –«Copióse de un libro antiguo de mano»– que custodia la Real Biblioteca de Madrid y que se caracteriza por su doble sátira de los conversos y de las patentes nobiliarias. Aquí se edita por primera vez. Pertenece a esta misma tradición el Traslado de una carta de privilegio que el rey don Juan Segundo dio a un hijodalgo, texto que se encuentra en dos manuscritos de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid. Sus infortunios editoriales durante más de una centuria justifican aquí una edición fidedigna.
Una Haġadá sefardí burlesca de Purim: Edición y estudio
Authors: Romero Elena
Published: January 2013

En el presente artículo se edita y estudia el texto hebreo-arameo y judeoespañol de la llamada Haġadá šel Purim (Jerusalén 1894), publicada por el librero de Jerusalén Šelomó Yisrael Šereślí y traducida al judeoespañol por Ben-Ŝiyón Taragán, y se lleva a cabo la comparación in extenso de tal versión con la de su original hebreo-arameo: la llamada Haġadá lelel šikorim, de Hirsch Sommerhausen (Niederwehren, Baviera, 1781 – Bruselas 1853), publicada por primera vez en Lemberg en 1847. Se trata de una parodia de la Haġadá de Pésaḥ dedicada a la festividad de Purim, en la cual, sin ninguna especial intención satírica y sólo paródica, se hace una magnífica exaltación del vino frente a todas las demás bebidas alcohólicas.
Téléphone mobile et écriture : figures de la ré-novation
Authors: Renaud Lise
Published: January 2013

Cet article se pose comme une interrogation des relations entre le téléphone mobile et l’écriture. À partir d’une étude diachronique des discours du support, des publicités et des compositions visuelles des écrits d’écran, Lise Renaud étudie la montée en puissance des activités d’écriture et de lecture sur ce dispositif technique. Le téléphone mobile devient de plus en plus présenté, conçu et reconnu comme un outil et support d’inscriptions visuelles. L’auteur montre que les préjugés du rapport parole-écriture s’insinuent dans ces séries de transformations et que le développement des écrits sur mobile s’appuie sur une figuration basée sur la ré-novation.
Chronic Idiopathic Neutrophilia in A Smoker, Relieved after Smoking Cessation with the Use of Electronic Cigarette: A Case Report
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos E. , Romagna Giorgio
Published: January 2013

Introduction

Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases. Electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices that deliver nicotine to the lungs by evaporation of a liquid. Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia is a condition characterized by elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts without any underlying disease; smoking has been implicated as a potential cause.

Case Presentation

A male Caucasian patient, born in 1977, presented in September 2005 with asymptomatic elevation of white blood cell and neutrophil count, and mildly-elevated C-reactive protein levels. He was a smoker since 1996 and was treated with 20 mg/day of simvastatin since 2003 due to hyperlipidemia. Clinical examination, and laboratory and imaging investigations ruled out any infectious, haematological, rheumatological, or endocrine conditions. He was followed-up regularly and was advised to stop smoking. He had 2 unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking; one was unassisted and the second was performed with the use of both varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (patches). During the subsequent 6.5 years, his leukocyte and C-reactive protein levels were repeatedly elevated; the condition was consistent with chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. In February 2012, he started using electronic cigarettes and he managed to quit smoking within 10 days. After 6 months, laboratory examination showed normalized leukocyte count and C-reactive protein levels, confirmed immediately by a second laboratory and by repeated tests after 1 and 2 months.

Conclusion

Smoking cessation with the use of electronic cigarette led to reversal of chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. The daily use of electronic cigarette may help preserve the beneficial effects of smoking cessation.
Summertime influences of tidal energy advection on the surface energy balance in a mangrove forest
Authors: Barr J. G. , Fuentes J. D. , DeLonge M. S. , O'Halloran T. L. , Barr D. , Zieman J. C.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Mangrove forests are ecosystems susceptible to changing water levels and temperatures due to climate change as well as perturbations resulting from tropical storms. Numerical models can be used to project mangrove forest responses to regional and global environmental changes, and the reliability of these models depends on surface energy balance closure. However, for tidal ecosystems, the surface energy balance is complex because the energy transport associated with tidal activity remains poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify impacts of tidal flows on energy dynamics within a mangrove ecosystem. To address the research objective, an intensive 10-day study was conducted in a mangrove forest located along the Shark River in the Everglades National Park, FL, USA. Forest–atmosphere turbulent exchanges of energy were quantified with an eddy covariance system installed on a 30-m-tall flux tower. Energy transport associated with tidal activity was calculated based on a coupled mass and energy balance approach. The mass balance included tidal flows and accumulation of water on the forest floor. The energy balance included temporal changes in enthalpy, resulting from tidal flows and temperature changes in the water column. By serving as a net sink or a source of available energy, flood waters reduced the impact of high radiational loads on the mangrove forest. Also, the regression slope of available energy versus sink terms increased from 0.730 to 0.754 and from 0.798 to 0.857, including total enthalpy change in the water column in the surface energy balance for 30-min periods and daily daytime sums, respectively. Results indicated that tidal inundation provides an important mechanism for heat removal and that tidal exchange should be considered in surface energy budgets of coastal ecosystems. Results also demonstrated the importance of including tidal energy advection in mangrove biophysical models that are used for predicting ecosystem response to changing climate and regional freshwater management practices.
Forecasts covering one month using a cut cell model
Authors: Steppeler J. , Park S.-H. , Dobler A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. This paper investigates the impact and potential use of the cut cell vertical discretisation for forecasts of 5 days and climate simulations. A first indication of the usefulness of this new method is obtained by a set of five-day forecasts, covering January 1989 by 6 forecasts. The model area was chosen to include much of Asia, the Himalayas and Australia. The cut cell model LMZ provides a much more accurate representation of mountains on model forecasts than the terrain following coordinate used for comparison. Therefore we are in particular interested in potential forecast improvements in the target area downwind of the Himalaya, over South East China, Korea and Japan. The LMZ has been tested so far extensively for one-day forecasts on an European area. Following indications of a reduced temperature error for the short forecasts, this paper investigates the model error for five days in an area influenced by strong orography. The forecasts indicated a strong impact of the cut cell discretisation on forecast quality. The cut cell model is available only of an older (2003) Version of the model LM. It was compared using a control model differing by the use of the terrain following coordinate only. The cut cell model improved the precipitation forecasts of this old control model everywhere by a large margin. An improved version of the terrain following model LM has been developed since then under the name CLM. The CLM has been used and tested in all climates, while the LM was used for small areas in higher latitudes. The precipitation forecasts of cut cell model were compared also to the CLM. As the cut cell model LMZ did not incorporate the developments for CLM since 2003, the precipitation forecast of the CLM was not improved in all aspects. However, for the target area downstream of the Himalaya, the cut cell model improved the prediction of the monthly precipitation forecast even in comparison with the modern model version CLM considerably. The cut cell discretisation seems to improve in particular the localisation of precipitation, while the improvements leading from LM to CLM had a positive effect mainly on amplitude.