bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Marketing: Upcoming marketing tool for Entrepreneurs
Authors: Singh Bhagwan , Yadav Sunita
Published: October 2017

The Bhartiya market is changing overnight. The reforms taken by the current UPA government regarding bold decisions like demonetization in November 2016 and forthcoming launch of GST on 1st July 2017 is changing the market facade in BHARAT. Latest innovation in technology is dictating the market and the youth of the country Bharat popularly called as India is depending on the technological reforms. The youths are enlisting themselves in rapid growing and developing technology and are very much adaptive to the change, thus, having complete dependency on the e-gadgets like smartphones, laptops, iPads and the like. This change is forcing the COF (Company Organization Firms) and marketers to use this tool through which they can sell their provices (products + services) and penetrate in the hands of the smartphone users by just launching mobile apps. The launching or developing of mobile apps is the market where almost all enterprises and rising entrepreneurs are keeping eye and want to capture good market share using this tool of mobile marketing. This study has tried to explain the usage and awareness of Mobile marketing as an upcoming tool for entrepreneurs based on the responses of the general public using mobile or smartphones.
Apakah Pengkayaan Lingkungan Berpengaruh terhadap Ingatan Spasial pada Tikus Jantan dan Betina?
Authors: Kusrohmaniah Sri
Published: October 2017

Female and male rats use different landmarks to find foods in the radial arm maze. The aim of this research was to test the effect of environmental enrichment on spatial memory of male and female rats. Twenty two male and 22 female Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were allocated into eight groups. Spatial memory were measured after 60 days of environmental enrichment. It was hypothesized that rats in the environmentally enriched groups had better spatial memory. Analysis was done using SPANOVA (Mixed Design Anova). It was found that sex had an effect on spatial memory.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR PHENYTOIN SODIUM AND PHENOBARBITONE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Shah Radhika , Shah Ragin
Published: October 2017

Objective: To develop an accurate, simple, rapid, precise, and linear RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of phenytoin sodium and phenobarbitone in tablet dosage form and validated as per ICH guidelines.Methods: The method used was a reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method using Hypersil BDS C18, (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, mobile phase comprising of methanol: phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) (50:50), flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 215 nm using a UV detector.Results: The retention time for phenytoin sodium and phenobarbitone was found to be 3.97 min and 6.90 min, respectively. The linearity of developed method was achieved in the range of 10-30 μg/ml for phenytoin sodium and 3-9 μg/ml for phenobarbitone. The detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) limits were 1.44 and 4.36 µg/ml for phenytoin sodium and 0.40 and 1.35 µg/ml for phenobarbitone respectively.Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantitative estimation of phenytoin sodium and phenobarbitone in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Hence, the method holds good for the routine analysis of phenytoin sodium and phenobarbitone in various pharmaceutical industries as well as in academics.
SCREENING OF THYMUS VULGARIS ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST FUNGI CAUSING DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN HUMAN BEINGS
Authors: Jain Neetu , Sharma Meenakshi
Published: October 2017

Objective: The study was designed to determined antidermatophytic activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against fungi causing superficial skin infections in human and animal.Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil was screened against selected pathogenic fungi namely Trichophyton rubrum (MTCC 296), T. mentagrophytes (MTCC 7687), Microsporum gypseum (MTCC 4524), M. fulvum(MTCC2837), T. soudanense and T. interdigitale through semi solid agar antifungal susceptibility testing method(SAAS). Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was also determined by modified semi solid agar antifungal susceptibility method. T. soudanense and T. interdigitalis were isolated through TO. KA. VA hair bating technique from animal habitats soil of Jaipur district.Results: T. vulgaris essential oil exhibited excellent antideramtophytic activity against all selected dermatophytes. Minimum inhibitory concentration was ranged from 0.020±0.000μl/ml to 0.1±0.033 μl/ml. MFC were found little higher than MIC (0.02±0.000μl/ml to.2±0.000μl/ml). M. gypseum was found to be most susceptible fungus as compared to other test fungi.Conclusion: T. vulgaris was found to be most effective fungicidal agent against human pathogenic fungi. Present findings provide for a rationale basis of a possible utilization of this oil in fields requiring safe and cheap compounds with antiseptic and preservative properties, such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries.
SODIUM ALGINATE–LOCUST BEAN GUM IPN HYDROGEL BEADS FOR THE CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF NIMESULIDE-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG
Authors: Madhavi C. , Babu P. Kumara , Maruthi Y. , Parandhama A. , Reddy O. Sreekanth , Rao K. Chowdoji , Subha M.c.s. , Kumar R. Jeevan
Published: October 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the drug release studies using locust bean gum (LBG) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde for the controlled release (CR) of nimesulide, an anti-inflammatory drug.Methods: Locust bean gum (LBG) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) blend hydrogel beads were prepared by an extrusion method using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Nimesulide an anti-inflammatory drug was encapsulation within LBG/NaAlg blend hydrogel beads. Morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency and drug release from these hydrogel beads were evaluated by different characterization techniques such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (X-RD) studies.Results: Drug-loaded hydrogel beads were analyzed by FTIR, which indicates the interaction between drug and polymers. DSC thermograms on drug-loaded microbeads confirmed the polymorphism of nimesulide and indicated a molecular level dispersion of the drug in the hydrogel beads. SEM confirmed the spherical nature and rough surface of the hydrogel beads produced. X-RD study was performed to understand the crystalline nature of drug after encapsulated into the hydrogel beads and confirmed the complete dispersion of the drug in the polymer matrix. In vitro release studies conducted in pH-7.4 which indicated a dependence of release rate on the amount of drug loading and the amount of LBG/NaAlg, but slow release rates were extended up to 48 h. The cumulative release data were fitted to an empirical equation to compute diffusion exponent (n) which indicated the non-fickian trend for drug release.Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrated that the ability of these newly developed hydrogel beads containing nimesulide for its sustained release could possibly be advantageous to patient compliance with reduced dosing interval.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BIOANALYTICAL HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CILNIDIPINE AND NEBIVOLOL IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: G. Aruna , K Bharathi , Prasad Kvsrg
Published: October 2017

Objective: To develop and validate a modified isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for determination of cilnidipine and nebivolol in human plasma to be used for pharmacokinetic studies.Methods: The drug was extracted from plasma samples by direct protein precipitation technique using acetonitrile. Amlodipine was used as internal standard (IS). Samples were analyzed on BDS C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm), applying ortho phosphoric acid (0.1%): Acetonitrile, at a ratio of 45:55 v/v in isocratic mode as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min to attain adequate resolution. Separations were performed at room temperature and monitored at a wavelength of 260 nm after injection of 50μl samples into the HPLC system. The analytical method was validated according to FDA bioanalytical method validation guidance. The method was applied for pharmacokinetic study of cilnidipine and nebivolol tablets-10 mg and 5 mg were administered as a single dose to 6 healthy male rabbits under fasting condition. Twelve blood samples were withdrawn from each rabbit over 24 h periods. From the plasma concentration-time data of each individual, the pharmacokinetic parameters; Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were calculated.Results: A peak area was obtained for cilnidipine and nebivolol at 3.943 and 4.719 min retention time respectively. Linearity was established at a concentration range of 0.20-20 μg/ml (r2=0.999, n=8) for cilnidipine and 0.02-2 μg/ml (r2=0.999, n=8) for nebivolol. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was identifiable and reproducible at 0.2μg/ml for cilnidipine and 0.02 μg/ml for nebivolol. The coefficients of variation (%cv) of the intra-day and inter-day precision of cilnidipine at 600, 1000 and 1600ng/ml levels were found to be 6.90%, 6.19%, 5.22%; and 7.74%, 6.54%, 5.77%, respectively, which are lower than the accepted criteria limits (15-20 %). The mean recovery (%) cilnidipine at 600, 1000, and 1600ng/ml was found to be 101.03%, 99.27% and 104.87%, and for nebivolol 60, 100, and 160 ng/ml was found to be 106.13%, 107.03% and 98.06% respectively. Stability at different conditions and in autosampler was also established. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters; Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 6 ng/ml, 2 hr, 96.76 mg. hr/ml, 63.45 mg. hr/ml for cilnidipine and 5.8ng/ml, 2hr, 74.78 mg. hr/ml, 100.25 mg. hr/ml for nebivolol respectively.Conclusion: The present analytical method was found to be specific, sensitive, accurate and precise for quantification of cilnidipine and nebivolol in human plasma. It can be successively applied for pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN ISOPRENALINE HYDROCHLORIDE INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS
Authors: P. Kavitha , C. Sowmia
Published: October 2017

Objective: Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major public health problem in the world. The prepared polyherbal formulation (PHF) exhibit cardioprotective effects by several mechanisms. The objective of the research was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of a polyherbal formulation in isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats.Methods: Oxidative stress and myocardial infarction was induced by administration of isoprenaline hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) for 2 d. The degree of protection was determined by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase-SOD, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Vitamin C, E and reduced glutathione-GSH).Results: Two different doses (250 mg and 500 mg/kg body wt) of the formulation was used to prove the cardioprotective effect. Pretreatment with polyherbal formulation significantly (P<0.05) lowered LPO and elevated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in heart homogenate.Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation exhibited cardioprotective activity, which could be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
EXPLORATION OF GOITROGENIC/ANTITHYROIDAL POTENTIALITY OF BAMBOO-SHOOTS IN RELATION TO THIOUREA
Authors: Sarkar Deotima , Chakraborty Arijit , Bhattacharya Chandrima , Singh Laishram Hemchandra , Chandra Amar K.
Published: October 2017

Objective: Natural goitrogens present in plant foods or antithyroidal drugs both alter the morphology and normal functional status of the thyroid gland interfering the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. In this study, the goitrogenic potential of bamboo shoots (BS) containing natural goitrogens has been compared against a potent synthetic antithyroidal drug thiourea.Methods: BS was fed to 6 rats by 1/3rdreplacement of 180grams (g) of their food i.e.60g of BS containing 35g of goitrogens of cyanogenic origin such that each rat ideally consumed 6 mg/100g of body weight per day and thiourea at a near equal dose of 6 mg/100g of body weight per day was force fed to another 6 rats for a period of 45 d. Changes in food consumption pattern, serum toxicity marker SGOT and SGPT, morphological changes like thyroid gland weight and histology and functional aspects like TPO activity, Na+-K+ATPase activity, urinary iodine excretion and serum T3,T4 and TSH levels induced by this natural and synthetic agent respectively were investigated. Results analyzed by ANOVA followed by post hoc tests.Results: Food consumption pattern was similar in all groups while serum toxicity markers SGOT, SGPT showed a non-significant increase in experimental groups. Increase in body and thyroid gland weight as compared to control was seen on treatment with both antithyroidal agents, a greater percentage of increase was seen in thiourea treated group. TPO activity, Na+-K+ATPase activity, serum T3 and T4levels were decreased significantly in both treated groups as compared to normal, with maximum inhibition in the thiourea treated group. Histological plates of BS treated thyroid revealed hypertrophy and thyroid follicular cell disruption with microcytic infiltration. Thiourea treated gland histological plate revealed complete abolition of normal histoarchitecture with marked changes in colloidal area and hyperplasia with folding and papillae on the epithelium.Conclusion: In overall, the data indicate that though the goitrogenic potentiality of BS cannot be considered having similar efficacy to that of thiourea but as a food entity by itself, it has potent antithyroidal activity even in presence of adequate iodine intake.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TRADITIONAL SIDDHA FORMULATION ON CCL4 INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN RATS
Authors: Manickam Diwakar , Priya Ramamoorthy Sri Kamatchi , Udhayakumar Mythily , Kumar B. Santhosh
Published: October 2017

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Traditional Siddha Formulation (TSF) on CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats.Methods: In this study, plant materials were collected, shade dried, mixed in equal proportion and extraction process was done to prepare TSF. Liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg body weight of both CCl4 and olive oil (2:3 v/v) mixture weekly twice for 8 w. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), Vitamin C (VIT C), Vitamin E (VIT E), GSH and Total thiols (TTS) were measured in the liver of experimental rats. Histopathological changes in the liver of experimental rats were assessed for each group using hematoxylin and eosinResults: At the end of the 8-week experimental period, histopathological examination was demonstrated which indicates TSF could attenuate the inflammation and reduced the score of liver fibrosis. The administration of TSF significantly decreased the levels of TBARS (4.11±0.09, p˂0.01), LPO (53.15±0.79, p˂0.01), PC (7.31±0.26, p˂0.01) and significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD (7.10±0.16, p˂0.01), CAT (62.14±1.61, p˂0.01), GPx (90.79±1.05, p˂0.01), GR (144.06±1.61, p˂0.01), GSH (35.24±0.82, p˂0.01), VIT C (3.29±0.10, p˂0.01), VIT E (2.42±0.14, p˂0.01) and TTS (15.15±0.21, p˂0.01). Conclusion: TSF inhibits CCl4 intoxicated hepatic fibrosis in Wistar Albino rats which may be due to the action of synergistically active phytochemicals present in the formulation. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzyme levels were found to be increased in the treatment group which may be related to the therapeutic effect of TSF.
EVALUATION OF CALLINECTES CHITOSAN AS A SUPERDISINTEGRANT IN METRONIDAZOLE TABLET
Authors: Olorunsola Emmanuel O. , Adedokun Musiliu O. , Akpabio Ekaete I.
Published: October 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate callinectes chitosan as a superdisintegrant in tablet formulation; superdisintegrants are incorporated into tablets at concentrations below 5% of tablet weight to effect prompt break-up of tablets after administration.Methods: Chitosan was extracted from shells of Callinectes gladiator. The polymer was characterized and then used as a disintegrant (in comparison with Ac-Di-Sol® and corn starch) at concentrations of 2, 4 and 8% for the formulation of metronidazole tablets. The micromeritic properties of granules; and mechanical and release properties of the tablets were studied.Results: A yield of 36.7% chitosan having degree of deacetylation of 62.7% was obtained from the crab shell. Fourier Transform Infrared absorption bands at 1495 and 3240 cm-1 typical of N-H bending and stretching respectively; and endothermic peak of 159 °C typical of melting of chitosan were obtained. No adverse interaction between the chitosan and metronidazole was observed. The disintegration times of tablets containing 2, 4 and 8% chitosan were 12.2, 10.4 and 9.3 min respectively.Conclusion: Callinectes chitosan is suitable for use as a superdisintegrant in tablets. It appears to be superior to corn starch as disintegrant although less effective compared to Ac-Di-Sol®. However, the relative cheapness and ready availability of chitosan would make it to be preferred to Ac-Di-Sol®.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM MARINE MODERATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIUM HALOMONAS SMYRNENSIS SVD III
Authors: Deshmukh Siddharth , Kanekar Pradnya , Bhadekar Rama
Published: October 2017

Objective: To study 1) Optimization of nutritional and environmental parameters to enhance the yield of EPS by Halomonas smyrnensis SVD III isolated from seawater, West Coast of Maharashtra, India and 2) Purification and characterization of the EPS produced.Methods: The isolate was grown in Sehgal and Gibbons (SG) medium broth supplemented with 3% glucose, at 37 °C, 120 rpm for 7 d. Optimization of different parameters was carried out with one factor at a time approach. EPS was isolated from cell-free supernatant of the culture broth by centrifugation and precipitation using chilled ethanol, after removal of proteins by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) treatment. Characterization of the purified EPS was carried out with respect to fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis.Results: Two-fold increase in the yield of EPS (23 g/l) by the selected isolate was obtained by using culture conditions as 10% inoculum size having cell density of 107 cells/ml, pH 6, incubation temperature 45 °C, 3% carbohydrate, 0.5% yeast extract as nitrogen source, 20% salt concentration and 7 d of incubation period. Characterization of the purified EPS suggested the presence of dominated glycosidic linkages and heptasaccharide nature of the molecule. As the present strain is halophilic, 20% NaCl was found to be optimum.Conclusion: Optimization studies resulted in two-fold increase in the yield of EPS which is of heptasaccharide nature.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE RELEASE PROPERTIES OF VERAPAMIL HCL AND CARBAMAZEPINE FROM MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE II PELLETS
Authors: Rojas John , Correa David
Published: October 2017

Objective: To study microcrystalline cellulose II (MCCII) as new pelletization aid for a high and low solubility drugs such as verapamil. HCl and carbamazepine, respectively.Methods: Approximately, 30 g of MCCII and drug mixtures were hydrated passed through a # 20 mesh sieved and spheronizated at a frequency of 6 Hz and residence time of 480 s. A microscopy analysis was used to evaluate the shape and size descriptors. Pellets properties such as compressibility, friability, density, flowability and product yield were also evaluated. Drug release properties were tested according to the USP specifications and compared to those of MCCI.Results: The wetting level of the excipients depended on drug loading and drug solubility. Thus, a high drug loading (>50%) rendered pellets having a low yield, flowability and caused a detriment on size descriptors. Likewise, the regular morphology and strength of MCCII-based pellets was highly affected by increasing drug loads. Verapamil. HCl pellets were less friable and compressible and showed better flowability than carbamazepine pellets. Regardless of drug loading and drug solubility, MCCII-based pellets released more than 80% of verapamil. HCl within 10 min, whereas released more than 75% of carbamazepine within 15 min. Conversely, MCCI pellets had a satisfactory verapamil. HCl release, but ~30% carbamazepine release within 1h.Conclusion: MCCII proved to be a better excipient than MCCI to yield beads having optimal pellet characteristics and rendered an immediate release profile for verapamil. HCl and carbamazepine.
INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF CAMELLIA MISTLETOE (K. JAPONICA) EXTRACTS ON PANCREATIC LIPASE, TYROSINASE AND CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION
Authors: Kim Min Young
Published: October 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was undertaken to examine pancreatic lipase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Camellia mistletoe (Korthalsella japonica) extracts and conduct their antiproliferative activity on several human cancer (Hela, A375, HCT 116, HepG2 and A549) and normal cells (TK6) lines.Methods: The lipase inhibitory activity of acts of Camellia mistletoe extracts were determined from the hydrolytic reaction of p-nitrophenyl butyrate with pancreatic lipase and cytotoxicity against human cancer and normal cell lines were also evaluated using the MTT assay. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitor potency of Camellia mistletoe extracts was estimated using mushroom tyrosinase.Results: Both methanol and ethanol extracts of Camellia mistletoe exhibited an inhibitory effect on lipase inhibition activity with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.49 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, Camellia mistletoe extracts were judged to be strongly active against the cancer cell lines, while they had no antiproliferative activity against the normal human cell lines. However, they had little inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity.Conclusion: Camellia mistletoe extracts could be the good sources of natural lipase inhibition and anticancer agents with a great potential to be used in food and therapeutic fields.
C1-C2 screw fixation in the patient with anomalous course of vertebral artery: Case report
Authors: Ivetic Drazen , Pavlicevic Goran , Antic Branislav
Published: October 2017

Introduction. The atlantoaxial complex is a very complicated structure and open reduction of C1-C2 subluxation is very demanding. Atlantoaxial instability may result from the traumatic, inflammatory, neoplastic, congenital or degenerative disorders. Anatomy of the vertebral artery is essential for surgical approach and sometimes the placement of C2 pedicle screw is not possible. In these instances, the translaminar screw placement in C2 can provide an alternative fixation point in C2, without threatening injury to the vertebral artery. Case report. We presented 54- year-old patient with cervical myelopathy according to traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation. Computed tomography angiography showed a bilateral vertebral artery anomaly of ?high-riding? type. The patient was operated and the posterior C1-C2 screws fixation was used. Due to the vertebral artery anomaly C2 screws were translaminary inserted. Complete reduction of C1-C2 subluxation and excellent neurological improvement were achieved. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of C1-C2 subluxation is very challenging. Many techniques of atlantoaxial fixation have been developed. The use of C2 translaminar screw is an alternative method of fixation in the treatment of atlantoaxial instability, especially in cases with the vertebral artery anomaly.
Victimization in childhood as a suicide risk factor in adults
Authors: Dedic Gordana , Djordjevic Barbara , Dedic Srdjan
Published: October 2017

Background/Aim. There is a burgeoning literature on the association between childhood victimization and the risk of suicidal behavior in early adolescence, while there is significantly less research showing this association in adults. The aim of our study was to examine whether victimization in childhood increased the likelihood of suicide attempt in adults. Methods. The sample consisted of 90 patients, 71 females and 19 males, aged 37.92 ? 11.04 years on average, hospitalized in the Day Hospital of the Clinic of Psychiatry Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ), Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) and Beck Depression Inventory were used for 50 patients following suicide attempt and in 40 patients who were on psychotherapeutic treatment due to various life crises not resulting in suicide attempt. According to the indications, we excluded the patients with psychosis (F20-F29, F30-31 and F 32.3), substances abuse (F10-F19) and dementia (F00-F09), satisfying International Classification of Diseases-10 version (ICD-10) (the World Health Organization criteria). The examinees of both groups were matched by age, education and marital status. Comparison of the patient groups was done by the Students? t-test for the parametric features and Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Results. The suicide attempters had moderate depression (19.76 ? 10.52) and used immature defense mechanisms (p < 0.001). The JVQ established statistical differences in the Total score (p < 0.005) and in two modules: Peer and Sibling Victimization (p < 0.005) and Sexual victimization (p < 0.005). Conclusion. The adults who were more likely to attempt suicide during their lifetime were more often victims of peer and sexual abuse in their childhood. Data on victimization in early childhood provide opportunities for early detection of persons with suicide risk that could help in the psychotherapeutic work with these patients, but also in the suicide prevention in a wider population.
Treatment changes of hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II Herbst patients
Authors: Rogers Kim , Campbell Phillip M. , Tadlock Larry , Schneiderman Emet , Buschang Peter H.
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

To determine the relative effects of Herbst appliance therapy in hypo- and hyperdivergent patients.

Materials and Methods:

The treated group included 45 growing Class II, division 1, patients treated with stainless steel crown Herbst appliances, followed by fixed edgewise appliances. The untreated control group consisted of 45 Class II, division 1, subjects, matched to the treated sample based on Angle classification, age, sex, and pretreatment mandibular plane angle (MPA). Subjects were categorized as hypo- or hyperdivergent based on their MPAs. Pre- and posttreatment cephalograms were traced and superimposed on cranial base and mandibular structures.

Results:

The primary effect of the Herbst in terms of maxillomandibular correction was in the maxilla. It significantly restricted maxillary growth, producing a “headgear effect.” Mandibular treatment changes depended on divergence. Hyperdivergent patients experienced a deleterious backward true mandibular rotation with Herbst treatment. Hypodivergent patients, as well as untreated hypo- and hyperdivergent controls, underwent forward true mandibular rotation. However, hypodivergent chins did not advance any more than expected for untreated hypodivergent Class II patients.

Conclusions:

Hypo- and hyperdivergent patients benefit from the Herbst's headgear effect. While the mandibular growth of hypodivergent patients overcomes the negative rotational effects, hyperdivergent patients undergo a deleterious backward mandibular rotation and increases in facial height.
PROGRAM KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL ANAK(PKSA) DALAM MEMENUHI KESEJAHTERAAN ANAK JALANAN
Authors: Putri Yasmin Anwar , Mulyana Nandang , Resnawaty Risna
Published: October 2017

Keberadaan anak jalanan merupakan akibat langsung dari pemenuhan kebutuhan yang tidak terpenuhi. Anak yang merupakan bagian dari keluarga, tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan fisik, psikis, sosial, dan spiritual. Anak tidak mencukupi kebutuhan makan, pendidikan, rasa nyaman hingga tidak mampu menjalankan fungsi sosial sebagai anak secara wajar. Belum adanya Undang-undang khusus mengenai anak jalanan seperti peraturan daerah, peraturan pusat, atau yang lainnya juga menyebabkan aparat penegak hukum sulit mengadakan tindakan hukum dan pencegahan anak-anak untuk tidak berada di jalan. Sehingga perlu adanya dukungan dari keluarga maupun pemerintah untuk memulihkan keberfungsian sosial anak itu sendiri. Salah satu program untuk menangani anak jalanan yaitu Program Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (PKSA). Program ini dibentuk atas dasar semakin bertambahnya anak-anak jalanan di Indonesia. Secara konseptual PKSA lebih komprehensif dan berkelanjutan dibandingkan program pelayanan sosial anak pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya karena sudah berdasarkan pendekatan anak, orang tua dan keluarga (family based care), dan kepada masyarakat yaitu Lembaga kesejahteraan sosial yang khusus menangani anak (LKSA). PKSA dirancang sebagai upaya yang terarah, terpadu dan berkelanjutan yang dilakukan pemerintah, pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat dalam bentuk pelayanan dan bantuan kesejahteraan sosial anak bersyarat yang meliputi bantuan sosial/subsidi pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar, peningkatan aksesibilitas terhadap pelayanan sosial dasar (akte kelahiran, pendidikan, kesehatan, tempat tinggal dan air bersih, rekreasi, keterampilan dan lain-lain), penguatan dan tanggungjawab orangtua/keluarga dalam pengasuhan dan perlindungan anak, penguatan kelembagaan kesejahteraan sosial anak.
PERAN PEKERJA SOSIAL DALAM PENANGANAN ANAK JALANAN
Authors: Putri Fadilah , Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad , Hidayat Eva Nuriyah
Published: October 2017

Anak jalanan adalah sebuah potret kehidupan yang berasal dari jalanan yang sangat rentan mengalami berbagai masalah yang ada pada masyarakat. Dari berbagai kemungkinan yang dapat menimpa anak jalanan seperti kekerasan, korban eksploitasi, seks bebas dan sebagainya, pemerintah melakukan upaya dalam menanggulangi anak jalanan dengan dibentuknya Program Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (PKSA). Program ini menjadi prioritasi nasional Kementrian Sosial RI untuk mewujudkan pemenuhsn hsk dasar anak dan perlindungan. Melalui PKSA, diharapkan dapat meminimalisasi menjamurnya anak jalanan. Pelaksanaan Selain bantuan dana, PKSA juga memberikan pendamping yang dilakukan oleh tenaga professional yang disebut Sakti Peksos (Satuan Bakti Pekerja Sosial). Sakti Peksos ditempatkan di Rumah Perlindungan Anak yang menangani permasalahan anak.
PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN TRAFFICKING
Authors: Soraya Anis , Rusyidi Binahayati , Irfan Maulana
Published: October 2017

Anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 (delapan belas). Anak sebagai manusia berusia 0-18 tahun merupakan individu yang masih dalam masa perkembangan fisik, mental, maupun intelektual. Anak memang rentan menjadi sasaran tindak kekerasan dan perdagangan manusia. Beberapa hal yang menjadi faktor pendorong terjadinya perdagangan anak diantaranya; faktor ekonomi keluarga, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan anak dan keluarga, serta kurangnya kepedulian orangtua terhadap pengurusan administrasi anak seperti pembuatan akta kelahiran sehingga menyebabkan mudahnya terjadi perdagangan manusia karena korban tidak memiliki identitas. Perdagangan orang (Trafficking) adalah tindakan merekrut, mengirim, memindahkan, menampung atau menerima orang untuk tujuan eksploitasi baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri dengan cara kekerasan ataupun tidak. Anak memiliki hak khusus menurut hukum internasional dan hukum Indonesia dan Pemerintah dalam hal ini memiliki kewajiban untuk melindungi anak-anak dari kejahatan perdagangan manusia. Di dalam Konvensi Hak-hak Anak (KHA), ditegaskan bahwa anak berhak mendapatkan perlindungan dari penculikan, perdagangan dan penjualan anak untuk tujuan atau dalam bentuk apapun (pasal 35). Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan usaha-usaha untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi masalah perdagangan manusia dengan beberapa cara seperti dibentuknya undang- undang no 21. Tahun 2007, Tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana perdagangan orang, Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, dan pengadaan RPSA atau Rumah Perlindungan Sementara Anak. Ditingkat masyarakat, hendaknya ada kampanye dan pendidikan tentang perdagangan anak serta usaha-usaha untuk melawannya.
PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK DALAM KELUARGA DI LINGKUNGAN PROSTITUSI
Authors: Fadhlillah Dike Farizan , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Ishartono Ishartono
Published: October 2017

Dewasa ini anak sejatinya investasi bagi sebuah keluarga. Ia diciptakan sebagai generasi penerus yang hendaknya diarahkan untuk menjadi pribadi yang siap menyongsong masa depan. Keluarga berperan sebagai faktor pelaksana dalam mewujudkan nilai-nilai dan keyakinan-keyakinan. Prostitusi dipandang negatif karena praktek prostitusi meresahkan masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat yang ada di sekitar lokasi prostitusi, selain itu keberadaan masyarakat di sekitar lokasi prostitusi yang tidak hanya orang dewasa saja melainkan anak–anak. Hal yang menjadi masalah adalah ketika Anak yang bertempat tinggal di lingkungan keluarga sekitar lokasi prostitusi, besar kemungkinan membawa pengaruh terhadap perkembangan psikologis anak, sehingga anak-anak akan terampas hak-haknya karena kekhawatiran yang berlebih pada orangtua yang takut anaknya terpengaruhi oleh lingkungannya tersebut. Selain itu mereka juga dihadapkan pada stigma masyarakat tentang lokasi prostitusi itu sendiri. juga pada masa anak-anak kemampuan anak dalam meniru sangatlah tinggi.
PENGASUHAN (GOOD PARENTING) BAGI ANAK DENGAN DISABILITAS
Authors: Vani Gabriela Chrisnita , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Hidayat Eva Nuriyah
Published: October 2017

Setiap anak tidak terkecuali anak dengan disabilitas mempunyai hak untuk tumbuh dan berkembang, mendapatkan pendidikan, dan hak-hak lainnya. Akan tetapi jumlah anak disabilitas di Indonesia yang ternyata tidak sedikit harus diperhatikan bersama terutama oleh lingkungan terdekat atau orangtua. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya jumlah anak penyandang disabilitas yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun menurut Pendataan Direktorat Rehabilitasi Sosial Penyandang Cacat Kementerian Sosial (2009) , terdapat 65.727 anak, yang terdiri dari 78.412 anak dengan kedisabilitasan ringan, 74.603 anak dengan kedisabilitasan sedang dan 46.148 anak dengan kedisabilitasan berat. Lalu berdasarkan Susenas Triwulan 1 Maret 2011, jumlah anak Indonesia sebanyak 82.980.000. Dari populasi tersebut, 9.957.600 anak adalah anak berkebutuhan khusus dalam kategori penyandang disabilitas. Anak dengan disabilitas memerlukan penanganan khusus, tetapi tidak semua orangtua yang tulus menerima anak dengan disabilitas dan memberikan kasih sayang secara penuh hal ini dapat terlihat dari penerimaan orangtua yang sedih, malu, dan terkejut. Dengan penerimaan tersebut, akan mengakibatkan orangtua tidak memperdulikan anak dengan disabilitas dan kurangnya perhatian atau kasih sayang orangtua kepada anak dengan disabilitas. Belum banyak orangtua yang menerima anak dengan disabilitas dengan hati yang tulus, yang mengakibatkan kurang terpenuhinya hak dan kebutuhan anak dengan disabilitas. Dalam hal ini, perlu adanya pengasuhan baik dari keluarga terutama kedua orangtua anak. Pengasuhan yang baik akan menghasilkan anak dengan disabilitas dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan mendapatkan hak mereka sehingga dapat berfungsi secara sosial. Perlunya edukasi akan fungsi keluarga yang memang harus dipenuhi yaitu afeksi, keamanan, identitas,afiliasi, sosialisasi, kontrol harus diberikan orangtua kepada anak penyandang disabilitas. Pelayanan sosial bagi keluarga juga dapat diterapkan diadakan misalnya dengan pelayanan konseling keluarga, family life education (pendidikan kehidupan keluarga), dan parent support group dapat dilakukan oleh pekerja sosial dalam memberdayakan orangtua serta anak dengan disabilitas.
MENELAAH TEORI DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE PADA ISU SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA
Authors: Arimartin Santo
Published: October 2017

Terkait dengan perkembangan jaman, lahan-lahan persawahan sudah mulai berubah menjadi pabrik-pabrik. Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi Negara agraris mulai berubah menjadi Negara industri dan membangun banyak perusahaan. Sumber Daya Manusia mengambil peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan suatu perusahaahan.oleh karena itu, kinerja SDM harus selalu dalam posisi yang maksimal dan terjamin demi mendapatkan keuntungan. Jaminan yang perlu diperhatikan terkait dengan kesehatan dan keselamatan SDM tersebut. Jaminan kesehatan dan keselamatan ini tertuang kedalam suatu sistem manajemen yang mengatur tentang bagaimana jaminan tersebut dapat menjaga semua karyawan disuatu perusahaan mendapat hak-haknya terkait kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Salah satu bentuk dari kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja adalah jaminan kesehatan, fenomena yang terjadi adalah perbedaan jaminan kesehatan kerja dibedakan berdasarkan golongan kerja di perusahaanya. Pada dasarnya konsep distributive justice berkaitan erat tentang keadilan. Pekerja sosial hadir di setting industri untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah yang terkait dengan kesejahteraan karyawan dan kemajuan perusahaan. Dengan intervensi yang tepat, hak-hak karyawan dalam perusahaan akan tetap terpenuhi dan perusahaan akan semakin berkembang.
EKSISTENSI PEKERJA SOSIAL DI RANAH INDUSTRI INDONESIA
Authors: Septianto Danny Dwi , Sulastri Sri , Basar Gigin Ginanjar Kamil
Published: October 2017

Setiap pekerja industri di seluruh dunia pasti memiliki resiko kecelakaan yang besar khususnya di Indonesia, hal tersebut tentu membuat perasaan cemas ke para pekerja di perusahaan tersebut belum lagi resiko kehilangan pekerjaan yang bukan karena kinerja mereka buruk atau kesalahan kerja, melainkan karena adanya pergantian pekerja dari manusia ke mesin hal itu tentu member rasa cemas yang bertambah besar dan belum lagi masalah sosial kronis seperti alienation,alcoholism,absenteeism,accidents dan abuse yang masih menyelimuti banyak pekerja yang bekerja di ranah industrialisasi. Dan di Indonesia masih belum ada indikasi bahwa Indonesia akan lebih memperhatikan dan mensejahterakan para pekerja dan lebih memanusiawi kan pekerja di ranah industrialisasi khususnya kepada pekerja yang tidak memiliki jabatan yang tinggi. Mungkin karena para pekerja tersebut dianggap tidak berpengaruh atau memang belum ada atau sengaja tidak mengadakan program pelayanan sosial bagi pegawai, yang jelas adalah Indonesia kini butuh pekerja sosial industri untuk memperhatikan pekerja, memberi rasa aman bagi para pekerja dan memberi rasa aman kepada keluarga yang ditinggalkan pekerja baik itu untuk keluar kota karena pekerjaan atau meninggal dunia. Serta dengan metode yang dimiliki pekerja sosial khususnya pekerja sosial industri maka masalah sosial kronis yang diderita oleh pekerja yang bekerja di ranah industrialisasi dapat ditangani agar pekerja dapat melakukan fungsi sosialnya dengan baik dan member dampak positif pada perusahaan. Hal tersebut yang harus di perhatikan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan Indonesia saat ini mengingat industrialisasi merupakan salah satu faktor prnting pembangunan sebuah negara.
PENANGGULANGAN GELANDANGAN DAN PENGEMIS OLEH PANTI SOSIAL BINA KARYA “PANGUDI LUHUR” BEKASI
Authors: Zefianningsih Betha Dwidinanti , Wibhawa Budhi , Rachim Hadiyanto A.
Published: October 2017

Permasalahan gelandangan dan pengemis masih menjadi beban pembangunan nasional dewasa ini. Maka dari itu, peran pemerintah dan masyarakat untuk menanggulangi permasalahan ini tentunya harus dilakukan secara bersama-sama sehingga mampu mengurangi kesenjangan sosial yang ada. Gelandangan dan pengemis merupakan kantong kemiskinan yang hidup diperkotaan. Hal ini disebabkan karena faktor ekonomi dan kebutuhan hidup yang semakin mendesak. Penertiban gelandangan dan pengemis (gepeng) memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama dalam penanganannya. Hal ini dikarenakan terkadang pada waktu tertentu populasi pengemis meningkat seperti yang terjadi dihari libur, hari raya keagamaan, maupun dipusat-pusat rekreasi dan perbelanjaan. Tentunya secara grafik digambarkan jumlah populasi pengemis mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan.Penyebab kesenjangan yang besar adalah faktor ekonomi yang tidak merata sehingga jurang sosial antara si kaya dan si miskin tinggi terutama dikota-kota besar. Oleh karena itu, pemecahan masalahnya harus mencakup dua aspek yaitu: (i) kondisi di daerah asal; (ii) kondisi daerah tujuan. Prinsipnya adalah upaya pencegahan dilakukan di daerah asal sehingga mereka tidak terdorong untuk meninggalkan desanya dan mencari penghasilan di kota dengan cara membuka pekerjaan di desa. Sedangkan di sisi lain, prinsipnya adalah penanggulangan yaitu di tempat tujuan “harus” ditanggulangi atau ditangani sehingga mereka tidak lagi tertarik untuk menjadi Gepeng di kota, karena tidak akan memperoleh penghasilan lagi.
INTERAKSI SOSIAL LANSIA DI BADAN PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA (BPSTW) CIPARAY DENGAN KELUARGA
Authors: Martina Ayu , Wibhawa Budhi , S. Meilanny Budiarti
Published: October 2017

Orang yang sudah lanjut usia mengalami penurunan kemampuan fisik, sosial, motorik dan psikologis, sehingga pelayanan dan dukungan pada Lansia perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang besar dari keluarga. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistika Jawa Barat jumlah penduduk lansia pada 2013 mencapai 3.434.909 jiwa dari jumlah penduduk Jawa Barat 45.430.799 jiwa (BPS, 2013). Dalam lingkungan panti jompo lansia dapat berinteraksi dengan sesama lansia, petugas, bahkan dengan keluarganya sekalipun.Adapun yang melatarbelakangi penelitian di BPSTW Pakutandang adalah interaksi sosial yang terjadi antara lansia denga keluarga di panti jompo ada yang berjalan dengan baik dan ada pula yang tidak berjalan dengan baik. Interaksi yang berjalan dengan baik membuat lansia itu masih merasakan rasa kasih sayang dari keluarganya meskipun lansia tersebut tinggal di panti jompo. Berbeda dengan lansia yang tidak dapat berinteraksi dengan keluarganya, akan merasakan kesepian dan kesehatannya pun menurun. Terdapat beberapa lansia di panti jompo merasakan kesepian akibat tidak adanya interaksi dengan keluarga, pihak panti pun menghubungi keluarga dari lansia tersebut agar keluarga dapat menjenguk atau berkomunikasi dengan lansianya.Fenomena interaksi sosial yang terjadi pada lansia dengan keluarganya dapat berjalan dengan baik untuk kebaikan lansia yang tinggal di panti jompo. Sehingga, lansia tidak merasakan kesepian dan lansia dapat tetap sehat dengan adanya interaksi sosial. Pihak panti tersebut akan terus berusaha menghubungi keluarga lansia apabila ada kasus lansia yang merasa kesepian atau lansia yang rindu akan keluarganya agar interaksi sosial dapat berjalan dengan baik baik itu komunikasi secara langsung atau pun tidak langsung.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DESA WISATA CIBURIAL KECAMATAN CIMENYAN KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: A. Nisfi Fahriani , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Wibowo Hery
Published: October 2017

Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, kini wilayah pedesaan mengalami beberapa perubahan. Perubahan tersebut dilakukan dalam salah satu cara pembangunan desa tersebut. Namun terdapat dampak negatif dari pembangunan desa ini, salah satunya mengenai persoalan sampah. Persoalan sampah di Desa Ciburial meningkat dikarenakan hadirnya cafe dan restoran di wilayah tersebut. Maka, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan proses pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengelolaan sampah di Desa Wisata Ciburial, Kecamatan Cimenyan, Kabupaten Bandung. Hasil penelitian ini diupayakan untuk pengembangan konsep dan keilmuan khususnya dalam konsep keilmuan pekerjaan sosial, dan penelitian ini juga diharapkan menjadi bahan rekomendasi bagi Pemerintah Desa Ciburial untuk kegiatan pengelolaan sampah yang tepat untuk diterapkan di Desa Ciburial. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat khususnya bagi ibu-ibu serta karang taruna Desa Ciburial yang menjalankan kegiatan pengelolaan sampah. Kegiatan ini meliputi pelatihan serta pemanfaatan barang tidak terpakai menjadi barang bernilai jual. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan digerakkan berbagai komunitas di Desa Ciburial. Untuk dapat mempertahankan berjalannya kegiatan pengelolaan sampah ini, maka diperlukan adanya dukungan pemerintah desa dalam hal menyediakan fasilitas penunjang untuk memberikan kemudahan terhadap kegiatan pengelolaan sampah tersebut. Selain itu juga dapat dengan dilakukan kerjasama program CSR bersama berbagai perusahaan untuk membantu kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengelolaan sampah.
MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI LEMBAGA SINERGI FOUNDATION
Authors: Pratami Emma Rachmawati , Darwis Rudi Saprudin , Mulyana Nandang
Published: October 2017

Kehadiran lembaga-lembaga pelayanan sosial di Indonesia membantu masyarakat dalam memperoleh layanan sosial yang tidak disediakan oleh pemerintah. Lembaga pelayanan sosial membantu menyediakan akses dan sumber-sumber untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Suatu lembaga tidak terlepas dari komponen-komponen penyusunnya. Lembaga memiliki visi-misi, tujuan lembaga didirikan, program-program, struktur organisasi, pengelolaan dana, dan manajemen kelembagaan. Atau dapat disebut komponen internal dan eksternal yang membangun lembaga. Begitupun dengan faktor-faktor dari luar seperti aturan hukum dan kondisi sosial-politik yang turut mempengaruhi. Hal yang mendasar dari berjalannya suatu lembaga terletak pada sumber daya manusianya. Apabila SDM yang dimiliki berkualitas dan berkompeten, akan membawa kemajuan pada lembaga begitupun sebaliknya. Walaupun memiliki visi-misi yang bagus tetapi apabila SDM kurang handal maka lembaga tersebut sulit mengalami kemajuan. Diperlukan pengelolaan SDM yang baik agar SDM dapat menjadi aset untuk memajukan lembaga.
LAYANAN ANAK USIA DINI/PRASEKOLAH DENGAN “FULL DAY CARE” DI TAMAN PENITIPAN ANAK
Authors: Hamdiani Yulinda , A. Dessy Hasanah Siti , Basar Gigin Ginanjar Kamil
Published: October 2017

Anak usia dini merupakan fase kehidupan manusia yang menentukan perkembangan . perkembangan anak ditunjang dengan bagaimana pemenuhan kebutuhan dan dengan cara apa pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut dilakukan. Bagi orang tua yang bekerja, upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan anak tidak dilakukan secara optimal. Untuk itu terdapat alternatif bagi orang tua atau ibu yang bekerja agar dapat tetap memberikan hak-hak anak dan sebagai upaya terhindar dari penelantaran pada anak. Penitipan Anak menjadi solusi bagi mereka yang berkarir. Lembaga pelayanan sosial dalam bidang kesejahteraan anak ini sebagai peran orang tua sementara bagi anak. Tipe pelayanan berdasarkan waktu salah satunya full day care, dimana anak selama seharian penuh dititipkan di TPA hingga orangtua atua ibu selesai bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan full day care yang ada di salah satu TPA yang ada di Kabupaten Bandung. Bagaimana pelaksanaan full day care dari segi program perawatan/pengasuhan, pendidikan, gizi dan kesehatan, sumber daya manusia, dan hambatannya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Lembaga Taman Penitipan Anak Subjek diambil dengan teknik jenis purposive sampling atau sampel bertujuan karena diharapkan memperoleh informan yang mengetahui mengenai objek penelitian. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualititatif Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi serta triangulasi.. Hasil analisis dengan studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan system full day harus berdasarkan pada pedoman teknis penyelenggaraan taman penitipan anak. Dimana semua program dan kegiatan berbasiskan pada pemenuhan hak-hak anak dan minat anak dan atas pertimbangan kebutuhan di fase perkembangan.