bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Immiscible Couple Stress and Newtonian Fluids in a Porous Pipe With Navier Slip Effect
Authors: Daba Yitagesu , Gadisa Gosa
Published: December 2024

This work deals with the magnetohydrodnamic (MHD) flow of non‐miscible couple stress and Newtonian fluids within a horizontally‐oriented porous cylinder. The overall flow domain is divided into two separate regions. In the core area, identified as region I, the flow of the couple stress fluid takes place, while in region II, which forms the outer part of the flow area, the flow of Newtonian fluid occurs. The linear Navier slip condition on the cylinder's surface and continuity conditions for velocities and shear stresses, along with vanishing couple stress at the fluid‐fluid surface, have been taken as boundary and interface conditions, respectively. The nonlinear partial differential equations describing the flow situation along with the boundary conditions are first mathematically formulated and, then cast in a dimensionless form. Closed‐form solutions for velocities, wall shear stress, and total flow rate have been obtained by solving the non‐dimensionalized governing equations through the direct method. The influences of different flow parameters on the velocity in both flow areas are depicted graphically. The numerical values of the total flow rate and the wall stress for various flow parameters are also tabulated. The examination of the obtained results indicates that the fluid velocities diminish with increases in the Hartmann number, viscosity ratio, and porosity parameter. Conversely, they escalate with higher Reynolds numbers, pressure gradients, and slip parameters. Furthermore, the increase in the couple stress parameter increases the velocity of the couple stress fluid (core region), while the velocity of the Newtonian fluid (peripheral region) remains nearly constant. The findings of this research align very well with the results documented in the existing literature. This study is novel as it examines, for the first time, the effects of slip and magnetic fields on the flow of two immiscible fluids (couple stress and Newtonian) through a porous medium in cylindrical coordinates.
Mesoporous Lanthanum‐Doped Magnesium Phosphate Nanopowders Promote Healing of Critical‐Size Bone Defects: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Moaness Mona , ElShebiney Shaimaa , Beherei Hanan H. , Mabrouk Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Treating severe bone deformities and abnormalities continues to be a major clinical hurdle, necessitating the adoption of suitable materials that can actively stimulate bone regeneration. Magnesium phosphate (MP) is a material that has the ability to stimulate the growth of bones. The current study involved the synthesis of mesoporous MP and lanthanum (La)‐doped nanopowders using a chemical precipitation approach. The nanopowders were analyzed using several techniques, including XRD, FTIR, HR‐TEM, BET, XPS, and FE‐SEM. The results confirmed the nanopowders' size of less than 40 nm and the successful incorporation of La3+ ions into the MP structure. The bioactivity of the materials was assessed in vitro using simulated bodily fluid (SBF) at 37°C for a duration of 14 days in a shaker incubator (50 rpm). The SEM showed that a bone‐like apatite layer formed quickly on the nanopowders' surface, proving that they have unique bioactive properties. The EDX spectra confirmed the presence of Ca, P, Mg, and La elements after immersion in SBF. The MP nanopowders, both with and without La doping, demonstrated the capacity to stimulate bone formation in a rat femoral bone defect model over a 28‐day duration. Radiographic and histological studies showed that the La‐doped MP nanopowders greatly improved bone repair and regeneration in comparison to the La‐free nanopowders. Finally, the readily producible mesoporous MP nanomaterials, especially those with increased La doping (up to 7 wt%), exhibit significant potential for the restoration of large bone defects. Hence, fabricated nanopowders have immense promise for repairing bone criterion defects.
Fear of missing out and internet addiction: A survey of dental students
Authors: Harorli Hatice , Harorli Osman Tolga
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Fear of missing out (FoMO) and internet addiction are significant phenomena in today's digital age. This study aims to explore the relationships between FoMO levels, internet addiction levels, time spent on the internet, and other factors among dental students.

Methods

Data were collected from 252 dental students, including 127 females. Information gathered included FoMO levels, internet addiction levels, university year, age, time spent on the internet, and income level. Correlation analysis and statistical tests were performed to explore relationships between variables.

Results

Descriptive statistics revealed that the majority of participants were between 21 and 24 years old, with most reporting a middle income. The correlation analysis showed a moderate positive relationship between FoMO and internet addiction (r = 0.356, p < 0.001). Time spent on the internet showed a moderately strong positive correlation with internet addiction levels (r = 0.583) and a moderate correlation with FoMO levels (r = 0.316). Average FoMO and internet addiction levels varied across university years, showing fluctuations without a consistent trend.

Conclusion

FoMO is positively associated with internet addiction and time spent on the internet, highlighting its potential influence on dental students in the digital age. Addressing FoMO and promoting healthier digital habits may help mitigate internet addiction and excessive internet usage. Further research is needed to explore causal relationships and other influencing factors.
Efficacy of heel lifts for insertional Achilles tendinopathy (LIFTIT): A randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Bourke Jaryd , Munteanu Shannon , Garofolini Alessandro , Taylor Simon , Malliaras Peter
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is a common and disabling condition. This trial aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a parallel group randomised trial to evaluate the efficacy of heel lifts compared to a sham intervention for reducing pain intensity associated with insertional Achilles tendinopathy.

Methods

Twenty‐six people with insertional Achilles tendinopathy were randomised to either the heel lift group or sham intervention group. Outcome measures were obtained at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility, evaluated according to demand (recruitment rate and conversion rate), acceptability, adherence, adverse events and retention. Limited efficacy testing was conducted on secondary outcome measures including pain intensity, function, physical activity, health‐related quality of life, use of co‐interventions and global rating of change.

Results

Between August 25, 2023, and April 7, 2024, we recruited and tested 26 participants (aged 28–65 years, mean [SD] 51 [8]). The pre‐determined thresholds were met for demand, acceptability, adherence, retention, pain intensity, function, quality of life and global rating of change and partly met for adverse events, physical activity and use of co‐interventions. Between 47 and 241, participants will be needed for a fully powered randomised trial.

Conclusion

In its current form, a randomised trial of heel lifts compared to a sham intervention is feasible. However, future triallists may need to consider strategies to manage the risk of adverse events and plan to adjust the analyses to account for the use of co‐interventions.

Trial registration: ACTRN12623000721606.
Altered lipid profile and reduced neuronal support in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived astrocytes from adrenoleukodystrophy patients
Authors: Ferrer Roberto Montoro , Jaspers Yorrick R. J. , Dijkstra Inge M. E. , Breeuwsma Nicole , van Klinken Jan‐Bert , Romero Cato , Engelen Marc , Kemp Stephan , Heine Vivi M.
Published: December 2024

X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in the ABCD1 gene that primarily affects the nervous system and is characterized by progressive axonal degeneration in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves and leukodystrophy. Dysfunction of peroxisomal very long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) degradation has been implicated in ALD pathology, but the impact on astrocytes, which critically support neuronal function, remains poorly understood. Fibroblasts from four ALD patients were reprogrammed to generate human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). hiPSC‐derived astrocytes were generated to study the impact of ALD on astrocytic fatty acid homeostasis. Our study reveals significant changes in the lipidome of ALD hiPSC‐derived astrocytes, characterized by an enrichment of VLCFAs across multiple lipid classes, including triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, and phosphatidylcholines. Importantly, ALD hiPSC‐derived astrocytes not only exhibit intrinsic lipid dysregulation but also affect the dendritic tree complexity of neurons in co‐culture systems. These findings highlight the cell‐autonomous effects of pathogenic variants in the ABCD1 protein on astrocytes and their microenvironment, shed light on potential mechanisms underlying ALD neuropathology, and underscore the critical role of astrocytes in neuronal health.
Nutrition provision over time in longer stay critically ill patients: A post hoc analysis of The Augmented vs Routine Approach to Giving Energy Trial
Authors: Viner Smith Elizabeth , Lange Kylie , Peake Sandra , Chapman Marianne J. , Ridley Emma J. , Rayner Christopher K. , Chapple Lee‐anne S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Limited literature exists on nutrition practices for long‐stay patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to compare nutrition practices in the first and second weeks of an ICU admission.

Method

A post hoc exploratory analysis of The Augmented vs Routine Approach to Giving Energy Trial (TARGET) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were: enrolled in TARGET on day 1 or 2 of ICU admission and ICU length of stay (LOS) >14 days. Clinical characteristics are described, and nutrition delivery and management compared between days 1–7 and 8–14. Data are n (%), mean ± SD, median (interquartile range [IQR]), or mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), with P < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

Data from 664 patients were analyzed (56.2 ± 16.3 years; 61% male; body mass index 29.2 ± 7.5 kg/m2 and APACHE II 21.9 ± 8.1). When comparing days 1–7 to 8–14: (1) energy delivery was greater (all sources: 1826 ± 603 vs 1729 ± 689 (MD: 97 [95% CI: 52–140] kcal/day, P < 0.001) and nonnutrition sources: 317 ± 230 vs 192 ± 197 (MD 125 [95% CI: 111–139] kcal/day; P < 0.001); (2) protein delivery was similar (66 ± 20 vs 68 ± 24 (MD: −1.4 [95% CI: −3.2 to 0.4] g/day; P = 0.125]); and (3) fewer patients received parenteral nutrition (PN) (5% vs 9%, P < 0.001) or small intestine feeding (3% vs 8%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this post hoc analysis, patients with an ICU LOS >14 days had greater energy delivery and fewer patients received PN or small intestine feeding during days 1–7 than days 8–14. Uncertainty remains regarding whether these data reflect usual practice and the clinical implications of this.
Hydrolyzation‐Free Characterization of Acetalated Dextran via 2D Correlated Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Plitzko Julian , Köhler Thorben , Meyer‐Zedler Tobias , Schubert Stephanie , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen
Published: December 2024

This study demonstrates a hydrolysis‐free approach for characterizing acetalated dextran derivatives using Raman spectroscopy combined with two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D‐COS). Traditional methods like 1H‐NMR spectroscopy rely on hydrolysis and are constrained by the time‐sensitive detection of volatile acetone. Raman spectroscopy, as a non‐destructive technique, was applied to analyze time‐dependent acetalation of methoxy and ethoxy acetalated dextran derivatives (AcDex and AceDex). By employing 2D‐COS, time‐resolved Raman spectral changes revealed key marker bands associated with kinetic (acyclic) and thermodynamic (cyclic) substitution products. The observed Raman peak ratios corresponded well with those derived from 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, confirming the accuracy of the method. This approach not only eliminates the need for hydrolysis but also provides a robust, time‐independent tool for tracking acetalation, enabling precise control over polymer properties. The findings underscore the potential for Raman spectroscopy in real‐time monitoring and optimization of dextran‐based polymer synthesis.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets’ exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events during the Cadet Training Program
Authors: Andrews Katie L. , Maguire Kirby Q. , Jamshidi Laleh , Afifi Tracie O. , Nisbet Jolan , Shields Robyn E. , Teckchandani Taylor A. , Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Brunet Alain , Lix Lisa M. , Sauer‐Zavala Shannon , Sareen Jitender , Keane Terence M. , Neary J. Patrick , Carleton R. Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Lifetime exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) among Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cadets starting the Cadet Training Program (CTP) appear lower than exposures reported by serving RCMP, but the prevalence of PPTE exposures during the CTP remains unknown. The current study assessed PPTE exposures during the CTP and examined associations with mental disorders among RCMP cadets. Participants were cadets (n = 449, 24.7% women) from the larger RCMP Longitudinal Study who self‐reported critical incidents, PPTE exposures, and mental health disorder symptoms at pretraining and predeployment. Most participants reported no exposures to a PPTE (n = 374, 83.3%) during the CTP. Participants who reported any PPTE exposure (n = 75, 16.7%; i.e., direct or indirect) most commonly reported serious transport accidents, physical assault, and sudden accidental death. The most common direct PPTEs (i.e., “happened to me”) during the CTP were physical assault (n = 13), other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience (n = 11), and serious transportation accident (n = 8). The total number of PPTE types reported at predeployment was associated with increased odds of screening positive for any mental health disorder, aOR = 1.22, 95% CI [1.01, 1.49], p = .049, and positively associated with mental health disorder symptoms, ps < .001. These results provide the first assessment of PPTE exposure among RCMP cadets during the CTP, indicating that 16.7% of cadets experience PPTEs directly or indirectly. The PPTEs reported by cadets may help inform additional opportunities to further increase safety during training.
Impact of Knowledge Management Process on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Technological Innovation
Authors: Wongmahesak Kittisak , Wongsuwan Navaporn , Akkaya Bulent , Palazzo Maria
Published: December 2024

The prime objective of the current study is to explore the knowledge management process includes knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge storage, and knowledge utilization on the organizational performance. Therefore, this study examines the ways through which technological innovation may contribute to knowledge management implementation and thus result in improved organizational performance and innovation. The sample of this research was 364 manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data via email and follow‐up with phone calls. To perform data analysis, the Partial least square structural equation modelling is implemented. Findings indicate that knowledge acquisition, exploitation, protection, and integration significantly and positively influence the innovative ability of an organization. Thus, in order to test these factors in different contexts, more studies must be performed. In the current study, the role of Knowledge Management Process was highlighted for increasing the organization's innovative capability.
Worse survival and higher rates of relapse in U.S. Armenians with papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Tsai Karen , Arca Katerina , Ituarte Philip H. G. , Gernon Thomas , Salehian Behrouz , Bell Diana , Maghami Ellie
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent subtype of thyroid cancer with overall favorable survival. Currently, little is known about the PTC experience within the United States (U.S.) Armenians. We performed the first study comparing clinicopathologic variables and clinical outcomes of U.S. Armenian PTC patients to a matched control group of non‐Armenians.

Methods

We performed a single‐center, retrospective, case–control study of adult Armenian PTC patients who received care at COH from 2005 to 2022. Armenian ethnicity was determined by surnames ending in “‐ian” and “‐yan”. We report and compare clinicopathologic presentation and disease outcomes with a gender‐ and age‐matched control non‐Armenian population.

Results

Fifty‐eight Armenian patients comprised our study cohort. Positive margin status (p = .038), angioinvasion (p = .006), and extrathyroidal extension (p = .014) were more prevalent in the Armenian population. Higher rates of both persistent disease and death due to disease were seen in the Armenians regardless of age groupings. Multivariable analysis revealed significant impact of Armenian status on outcomes. Calculated 5‐ and 10‐ year disease‐specific survival rates in the Armenian cohort were 88% and 73.2%, respectively, compared with 100% and 94.6% in the non‐Armenian group (p < .002). The 5‐ and 10‐ year progression‐free survival was worse in the Armenian group at 61.8% and 50.1%, respectively, compared with 87.5% and 87.5% in the non‐Armenian group (p < .001).

Conclusion

Armenian PTC patients displayed more aggressive disease than non‐Armenians. In addition, Armenian PTC patients had higher incidence of disease relapse and worse clinical outcomes.

Level of Evidence

5
Z‐Average of Cross‐Linked Copolymers and Branched Polycondensates
Authors: Bachmann Rolf , Bendler John T.
Published: December 2024

The theory of Odle et al. for the z‐average of branched polycondensates is extended to the general case of co‐cross‐linking of primary chains with different functionalities. Examples are given for free radical and step growth polymerization. For polycondensates, assuming surplus of one functionality and complete conversion, a simple formula for the degree of polymerization DPz for functional groups is derived:

(fw, fz, gw, gz: weight and z‐averages of the functionalities of the monomers). The formula is applied to the branched step growth polymerization of monomers A2 + Af +B2 with reactive groups A and B and functionalities 2 and f > 2. The functionality f has practically no influence on the weight averages DPw and Mw if calculated as a function of the relative branching density ρr = ρ/ρc, where ρc = Af, c/(Af, c + A2) and Af, c is the critical value at the gel point. The z‐averages become increasingly larger with increasing f and the ratio DPz(f)/DPz(f = 3) is linear in ρr and f.
Estimating the crashworthiness performances of crushboxes using artificial neural network
Authors: Koçar O. , Adanur Ö. , Varol F. , Guldibi A. S.
Published: December 2024

Studies on the development of energy absorbing systems that minimize vehicle chassis damage in traffic accidents are increasing day by day. Many designs have been made in the studies on crushboxes used to absorb the energy released in the event of an accident. These design works are quite costly and take a long time. In this study, to design crushboxes faster and more economically was estimated using artificial neural network. The input layer of the artificial neural network model consists of three different materials, thicknesses (between 0.8 and 2.2 mm) and three different initial speeds. In the artificial neural network model, 42 different models were created by changing the different training functions (training, trainlm and trainrp), transfer functions (tansig and logsig) and the number of neurons in the hidden layer (between 9 and 33). R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) methods were used to evaluate the efficiency of artificial neural network models. The training function was found to be highly accurate (R2: 0.99999 and root mean square error: 0.314727E‐05) when the training function was “trainlm” and the number of neurons in the hidden layer was 33. The training and testing results of the artificial neural network model show that artificial neural networks can be used to estimate the specific energy absorption/energy/peak crush force value of crushboxes.
Einfluss der Feuerverzinkung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des hochfesten Baustahls S620QH
Authors: Pinger T. , Müller T. , Straetmans B. , Kaucke C. , Kopanka B. C. , Wiebe J. , Stallybrass C.
Published: December 2024

Die Kombination von Effizienz und Dauerhaftigkeit ist im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung nachhaltiger Konstruktionen von besonderer Bedeutung, entsprechend sind Kenntnisse zur Verzinkung hochfester Stähle von zunehmendem Interesse. Im Rahmen einer vertiefenden Studie wurde am Baustahl S620QH der Einfluss der Verzinkung unter Variation der Verzinkungstemperatur und ‐dauer auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Hierzu wurden sowohl Zug‐ und Kerbschlagbiegeversuche als auch begleitende Materialsimulationen durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass bei der klassischen Verzinkung im Bereich üblicher Prozessparameter, nämlich einer Verzinkungstemperatur im Bereich von 440 °C bis 460 °C sowie Tauchdauern bis 20 Minuten, keine nennenswerten Effekte auf die Eigenschaften des Stahls auftreten. Bei der Hochtemperaturverzinkung wirkt sich die Temperatur in Höhe von 550 °C bei langen Tauchdauern nicht auf die Festigkeit und Duktilität, jedoch zähigkeitsmindernd auf die Stahlsorte S620QH aus. Die parallelen simulativen Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass durch eine erneute Erwärmung die Ausscheidungshärtung mit steigender Temperatur, temperaturabhängig beschleunigt und weitere feine Ausscheidungen ermöglicht werden und dies für den Effekt ursächlich ist. Daraus wird die Empfehlung zur Einhaltung einer Anlasstemperatur von mindestens 580 °C für die letzte Wärmebehandlung des Vergütungsprozesses von warmgefertigten Hohlprofilen nach DIN EN 10210‐3 abgeleitet.
The First Case of Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia with Prominent Paroxysmal Non‐kinesigenic Dyskinesia Caused by a Truncating FGF14 Variant in a Turkish Patient
Authors: Türkdoğan Dilşad , Smolina Natalia , Tekgül Şeyma , Gül Tuğçe , Yeşilyurt Ahmet , Houlden Henry , Zuchner Stephan , Brais Bernard , Pellerin David , Başak Ayşe Nazlı
Published: December 2024

Background

ATX‐FGF/SCA27A has been exclusively associated with heterozygous variants in the FGF14 gene, presenting with postural tremor, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, and psychiatric and behavioral disturbances.

Objectives

This study describes the first case of ATX‐FGF/SCA27A linked to a biallelic frameshift variant in the FGF14 gene.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was conducted using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, and the identified variant was confirmed using Sanger sequencing.

Results

We report the first case of autosomal recessive FGF14‐related cerebellar ataxia caused by a c.75del variant resulting in p.Leu26Serfs*51 truncation of the FGF14 protein. This variant was found in a patient born to consanguineous parents and presented with a complex congenital nonprogressive cerebellar disorder accompanied by neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, and prominent drug‐responsive paroxysmal non‐kinesigenic dyskinesia. Segregation analysis confirmed that the homozygous variant was inherited from heterozygous parents who developed mild gait ataxia and tremor in their 40s.

Conclusions

Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in FGF14 are a rare cause of inherited cerebellar ataxia and expand the current genetic spectrum of ATX‐FGF14. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
α‐Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Bellini Gabriele , D'Antongiovanni Vanessa , Palermo Giovanni , Antonioli Luca , Fornai Matteo , Ceravolo Roberto , Bernardini Nunzia , Derkinderen Pascal , Pellegrini Carolina
Published: December 2024

α‐Synuclein (α‐syn), a pathological hallmark of PD, is emerging as a bridging element at the crossroads between neuro/immune‐inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration in PD. Several evidence show that pathological α‐syn accumulates in neuronal and non‐neuronal cells (i.e., neurons, microglia, macrophages, skin cells, and intestinal cells) in central and peripheral tissues since the prodromal phase of the disease, contributing to brain pathology. Indeed, pathological α‐syn deposition can promote neurogenic/immune‐inflammatory responses that contribute to systemic and central neuroinflammation associated with PD. After providing an overview of the structure and functions of physiological α‐syn as well as its pathological forms, we review current studies about the role of neuronal and non‐neuronal α‐syn at the crossroads between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD. In addition, we provide an overview of the correlation between the accumulation of α‐syn in central and peripheral tissues and PD, related symptoms, and neuroinflammation. Special attention was paid to discussing whether targeting α‐syn can represent a suitable therapeutical approach for PD.
On the origin of MTF reduction in grating‐based x‐ray differential phase contrast CT imaging
Authors: Tan Yuhang , Yang Jiecheng , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Zhu Peiping , Ge Yongshuai
Published: December 2024

Background

The complementary absorption contrast CT (ACT) and differential phase contrast CT (DPCT) can be generated simultaneously from an x‐ray computed tomography (CT) imaging system incorporated with grating interferometer. However, it has been reported that ACT images exhibit better spatial resolution than DPCT images. By far, the primary cause of such discrepancy remains unclear.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying cause of the resolution discrepancy between ACT and DPCT in a grating interferometer CT imaging system.

Methods

In this study, theoretical derivations were performed with a ‐phase Talbot–Lau grating interferometer system to model the signal formation mechanism of absorption imaging and phase imaging, respectively. In addition, physical, and numerical experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical findings and assess the resolution discrepancy between ACT and DPCT under various conditions. Herein, the ACT and DPCT images were reconstructed from the filtered‐back‐projection algorithm using a standard Ramp filter and a standard Hilbert filter, respectively.

Results

Experiments demonstrated that the spatial resolution of ACT and DPCT images are primarily impacted by the beam diffraction induced signal splitting. In particular, lower modulation transfer function (MTF) was observed for DPCT than ACT due to the opposite‐superposition of phase signals. In addition, factors such as focal spot size, beam spectra, object composition, sample size, and detector pixel size were found to have minor impacts on the MTFs of both ACT and DPCT.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study reveals that the opposite‐superposition of split phase signals causes the spatial resolution reduction in DPCT imaging.
Dynamic performances of a double‐layer vibration isolation system: Nonlinear modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Zheng Chao , Gao Jin , Liu Jianchao , Xue Xin
Published: December 2024

This work aims to identify ways to achieve dynamic performances of a novel double‐layer vibration isolation system (DL‐VIS) capable of achieving multi‐directional isolation and extreme environmental adaptability. A forward modeling approach applicable to complex systems has been developed and analyses of nonlinear dynamic characteristics under different working conditions are performed. First, by integrating with constitutive models in terms of individual elastic elements and the connective relationships within the structure, multidirectional constitutive models for isolation devices are established. Further, the decomposition of linear and nonlinear stiffness components in different directions is performed using the Taylor expansion method. Subsequently, the dynamic response under sinusoidal sweep frequency loading is obtained using the related stiffnesses in the dynamic model and adopting the extended harmonic balance method. The effects of stiffness, damping, and a nonlinear stiffness gradient on the DL‐VIS response are thoroughly evaluated. Finally, the vibration isolation performance and nonlinear dynamics under different working conditions are examined, and the proposed dynamic model is experimentally validated. The results indicate that the response of DL‐VIS varies significantly under different working conditions, particularly under overload conditions. The nonlinear characteristics lead to wide‐band instability near the natural frequency and excellent vibration attenuation performance in multiple directions. The theoretical model agrees well with the experimental results in the nonresonant region and near the first resonant peak, which proves the prediction accuracy in the low‐frequency range. These findings provide robust theoretical and technical support for the design and performance optimization of isolation systems.
Composite Failure Associated With Sacrohysteropexy and Sacrocolpopexy With Supracervical Hysterectomy for Advanced Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Otsuka Shota , Sugita Kenji , Abe Hirokazu , Tsukada Sachiyuki
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Failures and complications associated with treatments comprising laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy (SHP) for advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are unclear. We compared failure rates associated with SHP and laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (SCH)/sacrocolpopexy (SCP) for advanced POP to determine whether they differed.

Methods

Clinical data of patients who underwent SHP (n = 52) and SCH/SCP (n = 209) were retrospectively examined. Only patients with advanced Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage III or IV were included. A single surgeon performed the procedures between October 2019 and October 2022. The primary objective was to compare the composite failure (CF) rates of both groups during the first year after surgery. CF was defined as the leading edge of any compartment beyond the hymen, the presence of subjective bulging, or the need for reoperation. The secondary objective was to analyze complications within 30 days and 1 year postoperatively.

Results

CF rates at 1 year were 13.5% and 5.7% with SHP and SCH/SCP, respectively (odds ratio [OR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–7.48; p = 0.072). The 30‐day perioperative complication rates were 3.8% and 3.3% with SHP and SCH/SCP, respectively (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.069–3.1). The postoperative complication rates were 1.9% and 4.3% with SHP and SCH/SCP, respectively (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.0097–3.3).

Conclusions

Complications associated with SHP for advanced POP did not differ from those associated with SCH/SCP. However, the occurrence of CF was higher with SHP, indicating a potentially clinically meaningful difference.

Clinical Trial Registration

This retrospective cohort study of human participants performed at Hokusuikai‐Kinen Hospital was conducted in accordance with the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (approval number 2022‐080).
Angle‐Free Cluster‐Robust Ritz Value Bounds for Restarted Block Eigensolvers
Authors: Zhou Ming , Knyazev Andrew , Neymeyr Klaus
Published: December 2024

Convergence rates of block iterations for solving Hermitian eigenvalue problems typically measure the errors of Ritz values approximating eigenvalues. These errors are usually bounded in terms of principal angles between the initial or iterative subspace and the invariant subspace associated with the target eigenvalues. Such bounds cannot be applied repeatedly as necessary for investigating multiple steps of restarted block eigensolvers since the left and right‐hand sides of the bounds use respectively angle‐free and angle‐dependent terms. They must be combined with additional bounds, which could cause an overestimation. Alternative bounds that are completely angle‐free and depend only on the errors of Ritz values have been introduced decades ago but only for a single extreme Ritz value. We revisit and extend these bounds to all Ritz values via repeatable intermediate bounds that enable a priori cluster‐robust bounds for restarted block Krylov subspace eigensolvers.
‘I Feel Disempowered Because I Could Not Do Anything’: Clinical Facilitators' Perception of Violence Towards Nursing Students During Clinical Placement
Authors: Dafny Hila Ariela , Cooper Paul , Waheed Nasreena , Champion Stephanie , Mccloud Christine , Snaith Nicole , Pront Leeanne
Published: December 2024

Aims

To explore clinical facilitators' understanding, experiences and perceptions of their role in supporting registered nurse students (RNS) who experience workplace violence (WPV) during clinical placement.

Design

An exploratory, qualitative design.

Methods and Data Source

Data were collected between September and November 2022 using semi‐structured interviews of 1‐h duration with 11 clinical facilitators working in South Australia. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Participants reported that WPV is experienced in many forms, including verbal and physical violence towards RNS during clinical placements. Clinical facilitators are not always aware of this experience and have mixed abilities to resolve the damage. Most importantly, clinical facilitators saw themselves as disempowered to provide the support required by RNS after WPV incidents as they perceived themselves as visitors to the facilities.

Conclusion

Findings indicate that a clinical facilitator's scope and ability to support a RNS is often not at a level where real impact and safety can occur. Varying perceptions of what WPV is, what is acceptable, and the authority or influence of a clinical facilitator have all informed this issue and need to be considered in developing strategies to address WPV towards RNS.

Implications for the Nursing Profession

This study highlights that by understanding the causation of WPV and recognising the lack of influence and scope of clinical facilitators to act to support RNS during WPV events, positive industry changes can be instigated to promote student placement experiences and healthcare provision.

Impact

Clinical facilitators felt limited in their role to support RNS experiencing WPV. This research impacts future nursing students, education providers, clinical facilitators and clinical placement providers.

Reporting Method

COREQ guidelines were utilised to report qualitative research.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This paper explores specifically the clinical facilitators' perceptions of WPV.
Enhancing Power Quality in Smart Grid‐Connected Renewable Energy Systems Using A Hybrid Deep Learning‐Based DSTATCOM: Self‐Improved Jellyfish Optimizer (Si‐Jo)
Authors: Nishanth K. , Saru Krishna S.
Published: December 2024

This manuscript introduces a robust stochastic optimization technique for real‐time energy management in household solar (PV) storage systems, which addresses the constraints provided by the stochastic nature of solar power and load demand. Traditional offline solutions for day‐ahead Battery Energy Storage (BES) scheduling frequently result in real‐time energy losses, while online alternatives do not adequately reduce electricity prices. The proposed system combines an offline optimization model with a real‐time rule‐based controller and a deep learning‐based Conditional Self‐Attention Generative Adversarial Network (CSAGAN) for load and solar generation predictions to address these constraints. The War Strategy Optimization (WSO) Algorithm, which operates inside a receding horizon framework, optimizes BES dispatch set‐points to lower daily electricity costs. The research also introduces a DSTATCOM‐based hybrid technique for improving power quality (PQ) in grid‐connected solar and wind systems, which makes use of a hybrid deep learning model consisting of Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs). The Self‐Increased Jellyfish Optimizer (SI‐JO) generates control signals and optimizes the six‐leg voltage source converter (VSC) and the buck‐boost converter. MATLAB simulations show considerable increases in energy efficiency, harmonic distortion reduction, and system stability under various irradiance and grid fault scenarios, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed techniques.
Transcriptomics of long‐term, low oxygen storage coupled with ethylene signaling interference suggests neofunctionalization of hypoxia response pathways in apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: Hadish John A. , Hargarten Heidi L. , Zhang Huiting , Mattheis James P. , Ficklin Stephen P. , Honaas Loren A.
Published: December 2024

Research on how plants respond to hypoxia has concentrated on model organisms where tissues can only survive hypoxic conditions for a few hours to a few days. In contrast, hypoxic conditions are used commercially as a method to prolong the shelf life of Malus domestica (apple) fruit for up to a year of storage without substantial changes in fruit quality, not to mention a lack of tissue death. This ability of apples to withstand protracted hypoxic conditions is an interesting adaptation that has had limited molecular investigation despite its economic importance. Here, we investigate the long‐term apple hypoxia response using a time‐course RNA‐seq analysis of several postharvest storage conditions. We use phylogenetics, differential expression, and regulatory networks to identify genes that regulate and are regulated by the hypoxia response. We identify potential neofunctionalization of core‐hypoxia response genes in apples, including novel regulation of group VII ethylene response factor (ERF VII) and plant cysteine oxidase (PCO) family members.
Hawking Radiation of Renormalization Group Improved Regular Black Holes
Authors: Konoplya Roman A.
Published: December 2024

A renormalization group approach based on the idea that the primary contribution to the Schwarzschild‐like black hole spacetime arises from the value of the gravitational coupling is considered. The latter depends on the distance from the origin and approaches its classical value in the far zone. However, at some stage, this approach introduces an arbitrariness in choosing an identification parameter. There are three approaches to the identification: the modified proper length (the Bonanno–Reuter metric), the Kretschmann scalar (the Hayward metric), and an iterative, and, in a sense, coordinate‐independent procedure (Dymnikova solution). Using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method, gray‐body factors are calculated for the Standard Model massless test fields and their corresponding energy emission rates. For all of these solutions, it is found that the intensity of Hawking radiation of massless fields is significantly suppressed by several or more orders once the quantum correction is taken into consideration. This indicates that the effect of suppression of the Hawking radiation may be appropriate to the quantum corrected black holes in asymptotically safe gravity in general and is independent on the particular choice of the identification parameter.
A Background History of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Jacob Jerin
Published: December 2024

While the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have become a prominent guideline in the developmental course of the planet, it is important to study the history of these goals to gain an in‐depth understanding of the concept of sustainability underlying them. Although some studies have been conducted on the history of the SDGs, this paper aims to provide a different and creative overview of their evolution. Moreover, the current research depicts the growth in the notion of development and sustainability over the past few decades. The conclusions hint at the possible future evolution of the history towards a post‐growth era. The findings were reached by conducting a literature review of related scholarly works and the UN's published documents. The study divides the narrated history of Sustainable Development thinking into six stages: sprouting, seedling, vegetative, budding, flowering and ripening. Thus, this paper describes how the concept of development got evolved from ‘development with assistance’ to a sustainable development that comprises four pillars: environment, society, economy and governance, and how it tends to evolve further.
Novel Low‐Bandgap Organic Dyads Derived from Diketopyrrolopyrrole for Efficient Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yadagiri Bommaramoni , Narayanaswamy Kamatham , Kumar Vinay , Maricherla Hemalatha , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Singh Surya Prakash , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: December 2024

In order to attain high performance in single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs), it requires the designing of light‐harvesting structures that can absorb light across a wide range from visible to near‐infrared (NIR) wavelengths. In this investigation, two novel dyad materials, denoted as SPS‐BF‐Full and SPS‐BT‐Full are designed and synthesized, consisting of covalently linked benzofuran (BF) and benzothiophene (BT) functionalized thiophene–diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) as donor and N‐methyl fullero[60]pyrrolidine as the acceptor, respectively. The incorporation of a phenyl bridge between TDPP and fullero[60]pyrrolidine enhances light absorption in SPS‐BF‐Full and SPS‐BT‐Full, resulting to a high short‐circuit density (JSC). Consequently, the SCOSCs utilizing SPS‐BT‐Full and SPS‐BF‐Full attained overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.28 and 7.35%, respectively. The high photovoltaic performance of OSCs utilizing SPS‐BF‐Full is mainly attributed to its higher external quantum efficiency and balanced hole and electron mobility (μe/μh = 1.39), along with imporved charge carrier extraction, revealing more effective charge transport in comparison to SPS‐BT‐Full counterparts.
Overview of Psocodea in Eocene Oise amber and implications for the transition to modern‐day barklice communities
Authors: Álvarez‐Parra Sergio , Nel André , Azar Dany
Published: December 2024

Psocodea is an insect order including barklice, booklice and parasitic lice. The oldest evidence of diversification in the crown group dates back to the Cretaceous, represented by a high diversity and abundance in several amber deposits. However, the Cenozoic record of psocodeans is less known. Here, we present a review of the Psocodea from the lower Eocene amber of Oise in France, including a study of 83 new specimens. The record of psocids in Oise amber is currently represented by 144 specimens corresponding to 14 species in 14 genera in 10 families of the three suborders: Trogiomorpha, Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha. The only known ‘archaeatropid’ Empheriidae from the Eocene, Danyazarius magnificus gen. et sp. nov., is described. In addition, the genera Annulipsyllipsocus and Sinopsyllipsocus are formally synonymized under Psyllipsocus. Wing venations of all psocid species from Oise amber are illustrated, enabling easier comparison with other taxa. A key for determination of all known psocodean species from Oise amber is given. We notice a rarity of nymphs in relation to the total number of specimens, and provide an account of known sexes, the female being more numerous than the male. We also compare the diversity with that of Baltic amber. Interestingly, Psocomorpha is the least diverse suborder in Oise amber, as in Cretaceous amber, although this suborder is the most numerous, as in current ecosystems. This study opens a window onto the evolutionary history of Psocodea during the Cenozoic and the transition to the modern‐day barklice communities.
Risk Management for Commercial‐Off‐The‐Shelf Parts Based Space Hardware
Authors: Herbert Eric , Sega Ronald , McGraw Jeanne , Bradley Thomas
Published: December 2024

Commercial‐Off‐the‐Shelf (COTS) parts use is a key strategy that the space industry is embracing to meet an ever‐increasing demand for space access and services. Integrating COTS parts into spacecraft architectures is beneficial in many aspects such as integrating modern technologies, reducing costs, improving reliability, accelerating payload fielding, and alleviating supply chain constraints. As COTS parts become more prevalent in spacecraft designs, there is a need to update risk management techniques used in the industry. A COTS centric risk management framework (RMF) does not exist nor do space hardware standards and policies provide detailed guidance. To address this systems engineering gap, this research developed a novel RMF that can be employed when trying to determine if candidate COTS parts are suitable for use in space hardware systems. The COTS parts RMF is a roadmap to identify uncertainties, analyze and evaluate the consequences, and how to mitigate COTS parts‐based space system hardware risks. Additionally, to demonstrate its utility, the techniques were placed into practice and validated during the development of a COTS‐based space‐rated battery built with COTS lithium‐ion cells. The risk evaluation process, developed based on the proposed COTS part RMF, was successfully used to uncover and mitigate cell and battery material and design issues. This work significantly improved the battery's performance without hampering the project's schedule, cost, and fielding objectives. The results illustrate the characteristics and benefits of using a focused COTS parts RMF to design, build, and qualify COTS‐based space system hardware.
Coleus vettiveroides Root Extract Protects Against Thioacetamide‐Induced Chronic Liver Injury by Inhibiting NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Mohamed Azar Kadmad Abdul Hameed , Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Karthick Munusamy , Shree Harini Karthik , Kumar Venkatesan
Published: December 2024

The roots of Coleus vettiveroides (CV) have been traditionally used in Indian medicinal systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha for its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. This study examines the antifibrotic potential of CV ethanolic root extract (CVERE) against thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. TAA was administered via i.p., thrice weekly for 11 weeks to induce liver fibrosis in rats. In separate groups, rats were administered with TAA and were concurrently treated with CVERE 125 mg/kg, CVERE 250 mg/kg, and silymarin (SIL) 100 mg/kg. Liver marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory marker gene expression (TNF‐α, NF‐κB, COX, and ILs), fibrotic marker gene expression (collagen I and III), immune histochemical expression of fibrosis marker proteins, and histopathologic changes were analyzed. TAA administration led to a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the serum level of hepatotoxic marker enzymes. The TAA‐treated group showed higher levels (p < 0.001) of MDA and reduced activities of SOD and CAT in the liver. TAA administration increased CYP2E1 expression, proinflammatory, and fibrotic marker gene expressions in rat liver. The histopathology of the liver confirms TAA‐induced architectural distortion and fibrotic changes. CVERE and SIL simultaneous treatments significantly protected against TAA‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. In conclusion, CVERE inhibited TAA‐induced liver fibrosis through downregulation of TAA metabolic activation, redox imbalance, and inflammation through repression of the NF‐κB pathway.