bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Species Epitope Sequence Analysis for Discovery of Existing Antibodies Useful for Phospho-Specific Protein Detection in Model Species
Authors: Hu Yanhui , Gao Chenxi , McKenna William , Xia Baolong , Ariss Majd , Mohr Stephanie E. , Perrimon Norbert
Published: January 2025

Signaling pathways play key roles in many important biological processes, such as cell division, differentiation, and migration. Phosphorylation site-specific antibodies specifically target proteins phosphorylated on a given tyrosine, threonine, or serine residue. The use of phospho-specific antibodies facilitates the analysis of signaling pathway regulation and activity. Given the usefulness of phospho-specific antibodies, a number of collections of these antibodies have been generated, typically for the detection of phosphorylated mammalian proteins. Anecdotal evidence shows that some of these are also useful for the detection of phosphorylated forms of orthologous proteins in model organisms. We propose that anti-phospho-mammalian protein antibody collections comprise an untapped resource for research in other species. To systematically analyze the potential utility of anti-phospho-mammalian protein antibodies in other species, we developed the Cross-species Epitope Sequence Analysis software tool (CESA). CESA identifies and aligns orthologous proteins in model species and then analyzes the conservation of antibody target sites. We used CESA to predict what phospho-specific antibodies in a collection from Cell Signaling Technology (CST) might be useful for studies in Drosophila melanogaster and other species. CESA predicts that more than 232 sites on 116 Drosophila proteins can potentially be targeted by the antibodies initially developed at CST to detect human, mouse, or rat phosphoproteins.
Impact of Larval Sertraline Exposure on Alternative Splicing in Neural Tissue of Adult Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Santos-Cruz Luis Felipe , Campos-Aguilar Myriam , Castañeda-Partida Laura , Sigrist-Flores Santiago Cristobal , Heres-Pulido María Eugenia , Dueñas-García Irma Elena , Piedra-Ibarra Elías , Jiménez-Flores Rafael , Ponciano-Gómez Alberto
Published: January 2025

Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is commonly used to treat various psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety due to its ability to increase serotonin availability in the brain. Recent findings suggest that sertraline may also influence the expression of genes related to synaptic plasticity and neuronal signaling pathways. Alternative splicing, a process that allows a single gene to produce multiple protein isoforms, plays a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal functions and plasticity. Dysregulation of alternative splicing events has been linked to various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to explore the effects of sertraline on alternative splicing events, including exon inclusion, exon exclusion, and mutually exclusive splicing events, in genes associated with neuronal function in Drosophila melanogaster and to use this model to investigate the molecular impacts of SSRIs on gene regulation in the nervous system. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on central nervous system samples from Drosophila melanogaster adults exposed to sertraline for 24 h when they were third instar larvae. Alternative splicing events were analyzed to identify changes in exon inclusion and exclusion, as well as intron retention. Sertraline treatment significantly altered alternative splicing patterns in key genes related to neuronal stability and function. Specifically, sertraline promoted the inclusion of long Ank2 isoforms, suggesting enhanced axonal stability, and favored long ATPalpha isoforms, which support Na+/K+ ATPase activity essential for ionic balance and neuronal excitability. Intron retention in the yuri gene suggests that cytoskeletal reorganization could impact neuronal morphology. Additionally, splicing alterations in sxc and Atg18a indicate a potential influence of sertraline on epigenetic regulation and autophagy processes, fundamental aspects for neuronal plasticity and cellular homeostasis. These findings suggest that sertraline influences alternative splicing in the central nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster, potentially contributing to its therapeutic effects by modulating neuronal stability and adaptability.
Production of an Oncolytic Adeno-Associated Virus Containing the Pro-Apoptotic TRAIL Gene Can Be Improved by shRNA Interference
Authors: Donohue Nicholas , Li Simeng , Boi Stefano , Rainbow-Fletcher Alana , Barron Niall
Published: January 2025

Recombinant Adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a popular vector for treating genetic diseases caused by absent or defective genes. rAAVs can be produced that contain a therapeutic transgene, i.e., a correct copy of the affected gene, which is then delivered into target cells. A further application of rAAV is to deliver pro-apoptotic genes such as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) into cancer cells, leading to tumor regression. However, rAAV production is expensive and insufficient yields may hinder wide-spread adoption especially in systemic conditions. During rAAV production, the therapeutic transgene may be expressed in the producer cell line, and in the case of an oncolytic gene, this would likely lead to cell death thus reducing rAAV yields. Here we demonstrate that expression of TRAIL during rAAV production in HEK293F cells negatively impacts rAAV yield. A shRNA-based strategy was developed to suppress the expression of TRAIL in rAAV-producing cells specifically during the production process. Incorporating a TRAIL-targeting shRNA expression cassette within the backbone of the rAAV genome-encoding plasmid during triple-transfection of HEK293F cells reduced transgene expression and led to a 60% increase in the yield of rAAV-TRAIL compared to controls.
Cu-Ion Hybrid Porous Carbon with Nanoarchitectonics Derived from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Biomass as Ultrahigh-Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Jieni , Han Xiaobo , Zhang Shuqin , Hou Haodong , Wei Chenlin , Liu Chenxiao , Cao Leichang , Zhang Jinglai , Wang Li , Zhang Shicheng
Published: January 2025

It is challenging to handle heavy-metal-rich plants that grow in contaminated soil. The role of heavy metals in biomass on the physicochemical structure and electrochemical properties of their derived carbon has not been considered in previous research. In this study, Cu-ion hybrid nanoporous carbon (CHNC) is prepared from Cu content-contaminated biomass through subcritical hydrocharization (HTC) coupling pyrolytic activation processes. The CHNCs are used as advanced electrode material for energy storage applications, exhibiting an impressively ultrahigh capacitance of 562 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 (CHNC-700-4-25), excellent energy density of 26.15 W h kg−1, and only 7.59% capacitance loss after enduring 10,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1, making CHNCs rank in the forefront of previously known carbon-based supercapacitor materials. These comprehensive characterizations demonstrate that copper ions introduce new electrochemically active sites and enhance the conductivity and charge transport performance of the electrode material, elevating the specific capacitance of CHNC from 463 to 562 F g−1. These findings offer valuable insights into the effective energy storage application of heavy-metal-contaminated biomass wastes.
Advancing Newborn Screening in Washington State: A Novel Multiplexed LC-MS/MS Proteomic Assay for Wilson Disease and Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Klippel Claire , Park Jiwoon , Sandin Sean , Winstone Tara M. L. , Chen Xue , Orton Dennis , Singh Aranjeet , Hill Jonathan D. , Shahbal Tareq K. , Hamacher Emily , Officer Brandon , Thompson John , Duong Phi , Grotzer Tim , Hahn Si Houn
Published: January 2025

For many genetic disorders, there are no specific metabolic biomarkers nor analytical methods suitable for newborn population screening, even where highly effective preemptive treatments are available. The direct measurement of signature peptides as a surrogate marker for the protein in dried blood spots (DBSs) has been shown to successfully identify patients with Wilson Disease (WD) and three life-threatening inborn errors of immunity, X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS), and adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADAD). A novel proteomic-based multiplex assay to detect these four conditions from DBS using high-throughput LC-MS/MS was developed and validated. The clinical validation results showed that the assay can accurately identify patients of targeted disorders from controls. Additionally, 30,024 newborn DBS samples from the Washington State Department of Health Newborn Screening Laboratory have been screened from 2022 to 2024. One true presumptive positive case of WD was found along with three false positive cases. Five false positives for WAS were detected, but all of them were premature and/or low-birth-weight babies and four of them had insufficient DNA for confirmation. The pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing this multiplexed proteomic assay for newborn screening.
Testing the Antioxidant Activity of Different Leaf Extracts and the Phenolic Content of Young Moringa oleifera Lam. Plants Grown in a Temperate Climate Zone
Authors: Fejér Jozef , Gruľová Daniela , Kron Ivan
Published: January 2025

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a tree that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, the plants were grown in a temperate climate zone from seeds collected at the Island of St. Lucia. Cultivation was carried out in the field and in a greenhouse in Prešov, East Slovakia. Leaf samples were taken from young plants and dried naturally. In the ethanol and hot water extracts of the leaves, the dry matter, total phenolic substances, and antioxidant activity were determined using three methods: superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. The highest amount of total phenols was detected in the ethanolic extract of the leaves from the field 911.14 mg GAE L−1, resp. 69.70 mg GAE g−1 DM. The lowest amount was noticed in the leaves from the greenhouse 408.88 mg GAE L−1, resp. 13.07 mg GAE g−1 DM. The amount was significantly lower in the aqueous extracts. A high antioxidant activity of the leaves from the field was detected in all ethanolic and hot water extracts. Both types of leaf extracts from the greenhouse showed statistically significant lower antioxidant activity. The obtained results indicate that outdoor cultivation in a temperate climate zone was stressful for the plants, leading to an increased formation of phenolic substances, and consequently to higher antioxidant activity.
Emerging Strategies to Overcome Chemoresistance: Structural Insights and Therapeutic Targeting of Multidrug Resistance-Linked ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
Authors: Nagampalli Raghavendra Sashi Krishna , Vadla Gangadhar P. , Nadendla Eswar Kumar
Published: January 2025

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, one of the largest membrane protein families, plays a crucial role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer by mediating the efflux of various chemotherapeutic agents, thereby lowering their intracellular concentrations and diminishing therapeutic effectiveness. Beyond drug efflux, these transporters are also involved in vital biological processes, such as signal transduction in cancer. Over the past few decades, extensive structural and functional research has provided valuable insights into ABC transporters’ broad substrate specificity and transport mechanisms, leading to promising strategies for overcoming MDR. This review will provide a structural understanding of the interactions between ABC transporters and inhibitors to develop novel cancer therapeutics. Additionally, we focus on methods such as irradiation-based immune therapies, thermal therapies, nanomedicine, CRISPR-Cas, and natural therapies that can genetically modify ABC transporters to reduce their expression or reverse the drug efflux ability. Knowledge gained from these approaches can then be translated into the development of new cancer therapeutics that can combat chemotherapy resistance.
Meaningful Multimodal Emotion Recognition Based on Capsule Graph Transformer Architecture
Authors: Filali Hajar , Boulealam Chafik , El Fazazy Khalid , Mahraz Adnane Mohamed , Tairi Hamid , Riffi Jamal
Published: January 2025

The development of emotionally intelligent computers depends on emotion recognition based on richer multimodal inputs, such as text, speech, and visual cues, as multiple modalities complement one another. The effectiveness of complex relationships between modalities for emotion recognition has been demonstrated, but these relationships are still largely unexplored. Various fusion mechanisms using simply concatenated information have been the mainstay of previous research in learning multimodal representations for emotion classification, rather than fully utilizing the benefits of deep learning. In this paper, a unique deep multimodal emotion model is proposed, which uses the meaningful neural network to learn meaningful multimodal representations while classifying data. Specifically, the proposed model concatenates multimodality inputs using a graph convolutional network to extract acoustic modality, a capsule network to generate the textual modality, and vision transformer to acquire the visual modality. Despite the effectiveness of MNN, we have used it as a methodological innovation that will be fed with the previously generated vector parameters to produce better predictive results. Our suggested approach for more accurate multimodal emotion recognition has been shown through extensive examinations, producing state-of-the-art results with accuracies of 69% and 56% on two public datasets, MELD and MOSEI, respectively.
Bone Composition Changes and Calcium Metabolism in Obese Adolescents and Young Adults Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dejeu Viorel , Dejeu Paula , Muresan Anita , Bradea Paula , Dejeu Danut
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is increasingly used to treat severe obesity in adolescents, but its effects on bone health during this critical period of bone accrual are not fully understood. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of SG on the bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture, marrow adipose tissue (MAT), and bone turnover markers in adolescents. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies assessing bone health outcomes in adolescents undergoing SG. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising prospective cohorts, observational cohorts, and one randomized controlled trial, with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 197 participants aged 13 to 25 years, and a total sample size of 597 individuals. Data were extracted and synthesized into tables summarizing changes in BMD, bone microarchitecture, MAT, and bone turnover markers. Results: SG in adolescents is associated with significant reductions in areal BMD at critical skeletal sites, particularly the femoral neck and total hip, with decreases ranging from −4.7% to −8.9%. Studies utilizing high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) reported deteriorations in bone microarchitecture, including a decreased trabecular number, increased trabecular separation, and reduced cortical thickness. Two studies observed significant increases in MAT at the lumbar spine post-SG. Elevated bone turnover markers, particularly C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX), indicate increased bone resorption following SG. Conclusions: SG leads to negative effects on bone health in adolescents, including reductions in BMD, deterioration of the bone microarchitecture, increases in MAT, and elevated bone resorption markers. These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring of bone health and the development of strategies to mitigate bone loss in adolescents undergoing SG.
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Improve Functional Recovery and Predict Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zanola Daniele , Morotti Andrea , Padovani Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of stroke-related mortality and long-term disability, with initial ICH volume, age, location of the hemorrhage, and clinical severity being key predictors of outcome. While clinical scores incorporating these elements are validated and exhibit good inter-rater reliability, their accuracy in predicting long-term recovery remains suboptimal. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a potential adjunct for improving both prognostication and functional recovery in ICH survivors. Despite promising results, heterogeneity in stimulation protocols, patients’ populations, and outcome measures have prevented NIBS implementation in clinical practice. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the association between NIBS, outcome prediction and functional recovery, discussing current challenges and future perspectives.
Restoration of Genuine Sensation and Proprioception of Individual Fingers Following Transradial Amputation with Targeted Sensory Reinnervation as a Mechanoneural Interface
Authors: Gardetto Alexander , Müller-Putz Gernot R. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Bassetto Franco , Atkins Diane J. , Turri Mara , Peternell Gerfried , Neuper Ortrun , Ernst Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Tactile gnosis derives from the interplay between the hand’s tactile input and the memory systems of the brain. It is the prerequisite for complex hand functions. Impaired sensation leads to profound disability. Various invasive and non-invasive sensory substitution strategies for providing feedback from prostheses have been unsuccessful when translated to clinical practice, since they fail to match the feeling to genuine sensation of the somatosensory cortex. Methods: Herein, we describe a novel surgical technique for upper-limb-targeted sensory reinnervation (ulTSR) and report how single digital nerves selectively reinnervate the forearm skin and restore the spatial sensory capacity of single digits of the amputated hand in a case series of seven patients. We explore the interplay of the redirected residual digital nerves and the interpretation of sensory perception after reinnervation of the forearm skin in the somatosensory cortex by evaluating sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), and amputation-associated pain qualities. Results: Digital nerves were rerouted and reliably reinnervated the forearm skin after hand amputation, leading to somatotopy and limb maps of the thumb and four individual fingers. SNAPs were obtained from the donor digital nerves after stimulating the recipient sensory nerves of the forearm. Matching SEPs were obtained after electrocutaneous stimulation of the reinnervated skin areas of the forearm where the thumb, index, and little fingers are perceived. Pain incidence was significantly reduced or even fully resolved. Conclusions: We propose that ulTSR can lead to higher acceptance of prosthetic hands and substantially reduce the incidence of phantom limb and neuroma pain. In addition, the spatial restoration of lost-hand sensing and the somatotopic reinnervation of the forearm skin may serve as a machine interface, allowing for genuine sensation and embodiment of the prosthetic hand without the need for complex neural coding adjustments.
Clinical Outcomes Following a Switch of Therapy to Faricimab in Patients Affected by Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Wolfrum Peter , Böhm Elsa Wilma , Lorenz Katrin , Stoffelns Bernhard , Pfeiffer Norbert , Korb Christina A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated clinical outcomes following a therapy switch to Faricimab, in a patient cohort affected by neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), having received prior intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Methods: A retrospective investigation, including 28 eyes of 23 patients, treated for nAMD at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany was performed. A switch in therapy to Faricimab was conducted, due to an inadequate response to the previous anti-VEGF treatment. Visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and axial pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height were analyzed, following the first (FU 1) and second (FU 2) Faricimab injection series. Further, a subgroup analysis was conducted to compare Faricimab responders and diminished responders, as well as an exploratory data analyses to evaluate potential influencing factors on VA and CRT changes. Results: The mean age of patients was 82 years, with an average prior anti-VEGF treatment duration of 4.4 years and an average of 33 prior injections. Following Faricimab, at FU 1, significant reductions in CRT (from 335.8 µm to 260.0 µm, p < 0.01) and axial PED height (from 177 µm to 116 µm, p < 0.01) were observed. At FU 2, anatomical improvements were stable. No significant improvements in VA were observed, with LogMAR remaining stable at FU 1 and FU 2. In the subgroup comparison, eight eyes fulfilled the responder criteria, exhibiting morphological and functional improvements following intravitreal Faricimab. Further, a bigger baseline CRT correlated with a bigger post-treatment CRT and a longer prior treatment duration, and a worse baseline VA correlated with a worse post-Faricimab VA. No adverse events were noted following the switch to Faricimab. Conclusions: Following a switch to Faricimab, significant anatomical improvements were observed, while VA remained stable. Baseline CRT, prior treatment duration, and baseline LogMAR were associated with clinical outcomes post the switch to Faricimab. Further investigations into long-term outcomes are necessary to evaluate the sustained efficacy of Faricimab.
An Update on Deaths in the United Kingdom from ‘Poppers’ (Alkyl Nitrites), with a Particular Focus on ‘Swallowing’ Fatalities
Authors: Corkery John Martin , Copeland Caroline S. , Ream Stephen , Streete Peter , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Alkyl nitrites are a class of inhalant, commonly known as ‘poppers’. Although having medical uses, some other effects include a ‘rush’, ‘high’, ‘euphoria’, or feeling of excitement. This has led to their recreational use, in different scenarios, since the mid-1960s. Adverse effects include tachycardia, migraine headaches, fainting and dizziness, and ventricular fibrillation. Death can occur from the inhalation or ingestion of nitrites. As part of its updated advice to the United Kingdom (UK) Government, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs considered popper-related mortality, seeking an accurate estimate of deaths. Methods: Data from a range of sources, including specialist mortality databases, were collated and analysed in terms of the key characteristics of decedents and fatal incidents, including the use mode. The chemical names of the nitrites were used in searches. Results: At least forty-two deaths occurred during 1987–2018; two were female. The mean age at death was 44 (range of 20–75) years. Most were White. Most fatalities occurred in England. The specific nitrites mentioned (N = thirty-two) were isobutyl (fourteen); amyl (seven); isopropyl (six); alkyl (three); and butyl (two). The mode of use was only known in 23/42 cases. The product was definitely swallowed in five cases, and very likely in a further one. Four additional cases were identified from the literature and media searches. Conclusions: The lack of a current systematic identification of relevant deaths and shortcomings in historical specialist mortality databases have severely limited what could be established with certainty about these cases. The same criticisms also apply to inhalant mortality data more generally. Nevertheless, the information presented here allows for some conclusions to be drawn and inform UK policy development.
Electrodepositing Ag on Anodized Stainless Steel for Enhanced Antibacterial Properties and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Shao Yi , Jiang Yue , Wang Yongfeng , Dong Qiangsheng , Wang Cheng , Wang Yan , Xue Feng , Chu Chenglin , Bai Jing
Published: January 2025

Antibacterial stainless steels have been widely used in biomedicine, food, and water treatment. However, the current antibacterial stainless steels face challenges in balancing corrosion resistance and antibacterial effectiveness, limiting their application range and lifespan. In this study, an oxide layer sealed with antibacterial Ag particles was constructed on the surface of 304 stainless steel through anodizing and electrodeposition, and the process parameters were optimized for achieving long-term antibacterial properties. The electrochemical tests demonstrated that the composite coating effectively enhanced the corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed the close binding mechanism between the Ag particles and the micropores in the oxide layer. Furthermore, the antibacterial stainless steel has an antibacterial rate of 99% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and good biocompatibility. This study provides an effective approach for designing efficient, stable, and safe antibacterial stainless steel.
Teachers’ Growth Mindset, Perceived School Climate, and Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Moderate the Relationship Between Students’ Growth Mindset and Academic Achievement
Authors: Zhang Kai , He Wu-Jing
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the moderating effects of several contextual factors (i.e., teachers’ growth mindset, perceived school climate, and perceived parental autonomy support) on the relationship between students’ growth mindset and academic achievement. Drawing on Dweck’s growth mindset theory and recent research findings that highlight the context sensitivity of the growth mindset, we hypothesize that supportive environments strengthen the positive impact of students’ growth mindset on academic outcomes. A sample of 358 middle school students (53.8% female; Mage = 13.38 years, SD = 2.20) from public schools in Shanghai City, mainland China, was assessed via three validated instruments: (1) the Growth Mindset Inventory, which is used to measure students’ and teachers’ beliefs about intelligence; (2) the Delaware School Climate Survey for Students, which is used to assess students’ perceptions of the school climate; and (3) the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale, which is used to evaluate students’ perceived parental autonomy support. Academic achievement was measured by district-level final exam scores. The results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that teachers’ growth mindset, perceived school climate support (e.g., teacher–student and student–student relations, fairness of rules, school safety, liking of school), and the perception of positive parental autonomy support (e.g., choice, rationale, acknowledgment) positively moderated the relationship between students’ growth mindset and academic achievement. In contrast, the perception of negative parental autonomy factors (e.g., punishment threats, performance pressure, guilt-inducing criticism) negatively moderated this relationship. These results indicate that the relationship between students’ growth mindset and academic achievement may vary depending on contextual factors, highlighting the importance of considering both positive and negative influences when designing educational strategies.
Investigation of Structural Nonlinearity Effects on the Aeroelastic and Wake Characteristics of a 15 MW Wind Turbine
Authors: Chuang Zhenju , Xia Lulin , Qu Yan , Li Wenhua , Li Jiawen
Published: January 2025

As wind turbines increase in size, blades become longer, thinner, and more flexible, making them more susceptible to large geometric nonlinear deformations, which pose challenges for aeroelastic simulations. This study presents a nonlinear aeroelastic model that accounts for large deformations of slender, flexible blades, coupled through the Actuator Line Method (ALM) and Geometrically Exact Beam Theory (GEBT). The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing it with established numerical methods, demonstrating its ability to capture the bending–torsional coupled nonlinear characteristics of highly flexible blades. A bidirectional fluid–structure coupling simulation of the IEA 15MW wind turbine under uniform flow conditions is conducted. The effect of blade nonlinear deformation on aeroelastic performance is compared with a linear model based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The study finds that nonlinear deformations reduce predicted angle of attack, decrease aerodynamic load distribution, and lead to a noticeable decline in both wind turbine performance and blade deflection. The effects on thrust and edgewise deformation are particularly significant. Additionally, nonlinear deformations weaken the tip vortex strength, slow the momentum exchange in the wake region, reduce turbulence intensity, and delay wake recovery. This study highlights the importance of considering blade nonlinear deformations in large-scale wind turbines.
Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model
Authors: Pereira Maria Teresa , Rocha Nuno , Silva Francisco Gomes , Moreira Miguel Ângelo Lellis , Altinkaya Yusuf Ozden , Pereira Marisa João
Published: January 2025

Ports are essential nodes in global trade, linking maritime and land transport. As maritime logistics increasingly drive global supply chains, optimizing port operations has become vital for enhancing economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to address inefficiencies in berth allocation and stevedoring processes at the Port of Leixões, Portugal. By integrating real operational data, the model reduces vessel waiting times by 47.56% (from 8.1 to 4.2 h) and operational delays by 37.39% (from 11.5 to 7.2 h). These optimizations also result in a 41.85% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions per ship, aligning with global emissions regulations and promoting sustainable port management. The model’s innovations include real-time data integration and a holistic resource allocation approach to mitigate congestion and inefficiencies. Key findings demonstrate the model’s potential to streamline operations and minimize environmental impacts. These advancements align economic efficiency with environmental sustainability, addressing global emissions regulations. However, the study acknowledges limitations, such as excluding unpredictable factors like weather conditions and equipment failures. Future research should explore dynamic variables, such as weather conditions and mechanical failures, and expand the model’s applicability to other seaports worldwide.
Nanoplastic-Induced Developmental Toxicity in Ascidians: Comparative Analysis of Chorionated and Dechorionated Phallusia mammillata Embryos
Authors: Eliso Maria Concetta , Corsi Ilaria , Spagnuolo Antonietta , Dumollard Rémi
Published: January 2025

Nanoplastics pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems, particularly affecting the early developmental stages of marine organisms. This study investigates the effects of amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2, 50 nm) on the embryonic development of Phallusia mammillata, a model ascidian species. Both chorionated and dechorionated embryos were exposed to increasing concentrations of PS-NH2 so morphological alterations could be assessed with a high-content analysis of the phenotypes and genotoxicity. PS-NH2 induced the same morphological alterations in both chorionated and dechorionated embryos, with dechorionated embryos being more sensitive (EC50 = 3.0 μg mL−1) than chorionated ones (EC50 = 6.26 μg mL−1). Interestingly, results from the morphological analysis showed two concentration-dependent mechanisms of action: (i) at concentrations near the EC50, neurodevelopmental abnormalities resembling the ones induced by exposure to known endocrine disruptors (EDs) were observed, and (ii) at higher concentrations (15 μg mL−1 and 7.5 μg mL−1 for chorionated and dechorionated embryos, respectively), a nonspecific toxicity was evident, likely due to general oxidative stress. The phenotypes resulting from the PS-NH2 treatment were not related to DNA damage, as revealed by a genotoxicity assay performed on neurula embryos. Our data suggest that PS-NH2-induced toxicity is primarily mediated through oxidative stress, probably triggered by interactions between the positive charges of the PS NPs and the negative charges on the cell membranes. The lack of a protective chorion further exacerbated these effects, highlighting its role in mitigating/protecting against NP-induced damage.
Comparison of Intramuscular Ketamine–Medetomidine, Ketamine–Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine–Xylazine for Immobilization of Captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Archer Karen R. , Day Charlotte E. , Cracknell Jonathan M. , Lewis Thomas , Killick Rowena
Published: January 2025

Anesthesia protocols in laboratory-held rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are well described, but fewer reports exist in zoo, safari park or field environments. This study recorded and compared the level of sedation, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and induction and recovery times of ketamine–medetomidine (KM), ketamine–dexmedetomidine (KD) and ketamine–xylazine (KX) protocols in ninety-five safari-park-managed rhesus macaques. In total, 31 animals received the KM protocol, which included 25 mg ketamine (6.08 ± 1.54 mg/kg) and 0.15 mg medetomidine (0.04 ± 0.01 mg/kg); 33 animals received the KD protocol, which included 25 mg ketamine (6.19 ± 2.42 mg/kg) and 0.08 mg dexmedetomidine (0.02 ± 0.01 mg/kg); and 31 animals received the KX protocol, which included 50 mg ketamine (12.64 ± 3.79 mg/kg) and 1.2 mg xylazine (0.30 ± 0.09 mg/kg). Anesthesia was reversed with atipamezole. The mean bodyweight of the study population was lower than expected, so actual doses were higher than intended; no adverse effects were reported. Induction and recovery times were longer for KX than KD or KM (p < 0.05) but did not differ significantly between KD and KM (p > 0.05). HR and RR did not differ between protocols (p > 0.05). Sedation score was negatively correlated with bodyweight, and mean sedation score was lower for KX than KM or KD. KD and KM provided more rapid and reliable sedation than KX at the doses described; however, alterations in the KX dose may improve reliability.
Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis for Land Use Planning: The Case of the Madrid Region
Authors: Morán-Alonso Nerea , Viedma-Guiard Andrés , Simón-Rojo Marian , Córdoba-Hernández Rafael
Published: January 2025

Agricultural land is a key resource for territorial resilience. In the European context, fertile soils are under pressure not only from urbanisation processes, abandonment and the establishment of non-agricultural uses but also from agriculture that is not well adapted to territorial resources. In order to inform urban planning, a methodology is proposed and applied to the Madrid region to analyse the suitability of agricultural land uses with respect to agrological quality. The majority of agricultural uses in the region are well adapted to the agroecological quality of the land; larger areas of over-exploited land are located along some of the region’s rivers and in the Campiña, while under-utilised land is mainly found in the south-west and in the metropolitan comarcas. This methodology is based on official and open-access information, so it can be easily replicated and used to inform land planning. We propose three strategies depending on the suitability of land use: the introduction of crops in priority areas for horticulture or arable crops, agricultural protection areas and ecological regeneration areas.
Study on Change of Landscape Pattern Characteristics of Comprehensive Land Improvement Based on Optimal Spatial Scale
Authors: Feng Baoping , Yang Hui , Ren Yarong , Zheng Shanshan , Feng Genxiang , Huang Yuwei
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive land improvement causes strong disturbances of land use patterns in the short term, resulting in changes in landscape structure and function. This study adopts the moving window method and semi-variation function to explore the spatial scale effect of landscape pattern metrics in the comprehensive land consolidation project area of Baimahu Farm, and the spatial variability and homologous ecological processes. The results showed that: (1) patch density, largest patch index, area-weighted average shape index, contagion, and division index all showed obvious scale effects, and the suitable first and second scale domains in the study area are 5–7 m and 35–40 m, respectively, and 5 m is the most suitable grain size for the study of landscape pattern change. (2) The block basis ratio of the semi-variogram of the six landscape level indices begins to stabilize at the window radius of 210 m. This scale can reflect the spatial variability of the landscape pattern in the study area and is the most suitable analysis range. (3) The fragmentation degree of paddy fields as landscape matrix decreased and the landscape dominance degree increased in the comprehensive land improvement; the degree of fragmentation of irrigated land and agricultural land for facilities increased, the aggregation of land for construction increased, the dominance degree of the pond surface decreased, and the overall landscape diversity of each mosaic decreased; the landscape heterogeneity of ditches, rural roads, forest and grassland corridors was weakened, and the ecosystem service function was weakened. (4) The trend of increased fragmentation, simplification of landscape types, and decreased diversity presented by the landscape pattern clearly indicates that the landscape pattern of the study area has been seriously damaged to some extent under the influence of human activities. This damage not only has a direct negative impact on the local ecological environment, but also poses a potential threat to the sustainable development of the region.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Based on Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits in Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tárraga Marcos Pedro Javier , López-González Ángel Arturo , Martínez-Almoyna Rifá Emilio , Paublini Oliveira Hernán , Martorell Sánchez Cristina , Tárraga López Pedro Juan , Ramírez-Manent José Ignacio
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) are two multifactorial pathological conditions that have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate how various sociodemographic variables and healthy habits are associated with the presence or absence of MetS and HTW. Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a retrospective longitudinal study and a cross-sectional descriptive study, analyzing 44,939 healthcare workers with MS and HTW across four professional categories to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, smoking, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet using three diagnostic criteria. Descriptive analysis included categorical and quantitative variables, which were assessed through frequencies, Student’s t-test, chi-square, and binary logistic regression models. Logistic regression and Cohen’s kappa were used to evaluate associations and concordances. Age, sex, and lack of physical activity showed the strongest associations with MetS (OR: 2.65–2.84). The results highlight the importance of physical activity and other factors in metabolic prevention. Results: Age, sex, and physical activity were the variables most strongly associated with MetS and HTW across the three evaluated diagnostic criteria. The odds ratios revealed significant values: age (9.07–13.71 for MetS and 13.42 for HTW), sex (2.82–3.31 for MetS and 3.72 for HTW), and physical activity (2.65–2.84 for MetS and 2.40 for HTW). Conclusions: The risk of developing MetS and HTW among healthcare personnel is influenced by lifestyle habits, sex, and age, with the highest ORs observed in nursing assistants and orderlies. Future research that delves deeper into the causal relationship between lifestyle factors and the severity of MetS and HTW in healthcare personnel will improve understanding and facilitate the development of preventive activities to reduce their incidence.
Dissimilar Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of (FeCoNi)96Al4 High-Entropy Alloy and Q235 Structural Steel
Authors: Yang Zhen , Sun Guorui , Chen Chao
Published: January 2025

(FeCoNi)96Al4 high-entropy alloy (HEA) is a new material with a strength similar to that of commercial Q235 structural steel, and its elongation is nearly three times greater than that of Q235 steel. Studying the welding process of the (FeCoNi)96Al4 HEA and Q235 steel is expected to further expand the application range of commercial Q235 structural steel and provide a foundation for the engineering application of the (FeCoNi)96Al4 HEA. This study focuses on the dissimilar welded components of (FeCoNi)96Al4 HEA and Q235 steel and analyzes the forming quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties of dissimilar welded samples under different currents. The results show that when the welding current is above 170 A, the 3 mm sheet metal is completely penetrated, and a well-formed weld seam is obtained. The base metal of the (FeCoNi)96Al4 HEA has an FCC structure, whereas the fusion zone of the weld seam is almost entirely a BCC structure. The microstructure of the weld seam exhibits needle-like and block-like grains that are different from those of the base metal. Owing to the difference in microstructure between the weld seam and the base metal, the average microhardness of the welded joint is twice that of the base metal. The strength of the dissimilar welded components reached 460 MPa, maintaining the tensile strength of the (FeCoNi)96Al4 HEA, which is similar to that of the Q235 structural steel. The elongation reached over 30%, which was significantly greater than that of the Q235 structural steel.
Arsenic in Slovakia: Pollution Issues and the Potential of Magnetic Carbon Biomaterials for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zubrik Anton , Mačingová Eva , Hredzák Slavomír , Matik Marek
Published: January 2025

In Slovakia, there are a number of contaminated sites that have occurred due to intensive mining, mineral processing, metallurgical activities, chemical industry, fossil fuel combustion, and industrial agriculture in the past. This paper summarizes the occurrence, chemistry, toxicity, and mineralogy of arsenic species related to soil and water contamination in Slovakia. Four main localities with arsenic exposure were identified. Additionally, magnetically modified carbon biochar (MWchar-Mag) was tested for arsenic removal from a model solution alongside real mine water discharged from the abandoned Hauser adit. For the model aqueous solution, the maximum adsorption capacity was established at 6.2 mg of As per g of MWchar-Mag at natural pH. In the case of mine water with a concentration of arsenic at around 0.2 mg/L, adsorbent dosage, pH influence experiments, and kinetic tests were realized. The results confirmed 100% arsenic removal efficiency at pH~3–7 and extremely fast kinetics.
Evaluation of the Tribological Behavior of Materials Used for the Production of Orthodontic Devices in 3D DLP Printing Technology, Due to Oral Cavity Environmental Factors
Authors: Snarski-Adamski Andrzej , Pieniak Daniel , Krzysiak Zbigniew , Firlej Marcel , Brumerčík František
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the effect of oral cavity environmental factors on the friction and wear of materials used in 3D-printed orthodontic devices. Commercial materials GR-10 (Pro3Dure) and NextDent SG (NextDent) were examined, with samples produced using ASIGA UV MAX and Phrozen Shuffle Lite 3D printers. Our tests included measurements of hardness, stiffness, elastic modulus, cyclic loading, scratch resistance, and tribological assessments in oscillatory motion. Surface analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy analyzer. The results showed that NextDent SG exhibited higher hardness and modulus of elasticity, while GR-10 demonstrated better scratch resistance. Despite similar friction coefficients, significant variations in wear were observed under different environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in the performance of orthodontic materials.
A Review of Touching-Based Underwater Robotic Perception and Manipulation
Authors: Sun Jia , Zhang Qifeng , Lu Yu , Huang Bingding , Li Qiang
Published: January 2025

This review focuses on touching-based underwater robotic perception and manipulation, and provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape. We begin by examining underwater tactile sensors, discussing their basic types and recent advancements that have facilitated their integration into underwater robotic manipulation. Additionally, we explore the development of force control algorithms for underwater manipulators and grippers, emphasizing their critical role in underwater environments. Furthermore, we analyze the application of force control algorithms in underwater robotic manipulation, considering different autonomy levels, basic manipulation tasks, and specific operational scenarios. Through this investigation, we identify existing limitations and propose future research directions aimed at enhancing the operational capabilities of underwater vehicle manipulator systems (UVMS) and expanding their application range. Finally, this review highlights key challenges and outlines pathways for advancing the field.
Digital Twin-Empowered Robotic Arm Control: An Integrated PPO and Fuzzy PID Approach
Authors: Cen Yuhao , Deng Jianjue , Chen Ye , Liu Haoxian , Zhong Zetao , Fan Bo , Chang Le , Jiang Li
Published: January 2025

With rapid advancements in digital twin technology within the Industrial Internet of Things, integrating digital twins with industrial robotic arms presents a promising direction. This integration promotes the remote operation and intelligence of industrial control processes. However, the control and error management of robotic arms in digital twin systems pose challenges. In this paper, we present a digital twin-empowered robotic arm system and propose a control policy using deep reinforcement learning, specifically the proximal policy optimization approach. The construction and functionality of each subsystem within the digital twin-empowered robotic arm control system are detailed. To address errors caused by mechanical structure and virtual–real mapping in the digital twin, an integrated proximal policy optimization and fuzzy PID approach is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that proximal policy optimization is adaptable to virtual–real mapping errors, while the fuzzy PID method corrects physical errors quickly and accurately. The robotic arm can reach the target point using this integrated approach. Overall, error management problems in digital systems have been well addressed, and our scheme can provide an accurate and adaptive control strategy for the robotic arm.