bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debris Flow Risk Assessment in Wudongde Reservoir Area Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Tan Chun , Ma Dong-He , Chen Jian-Ping , Zhang Wen , Xu Xin-Chuan
Published: November 2020

The outbreak of debris flow is a threat to human life and property, especially so in reservoir areas. Hence, it is critical to evaluate the risk of debris flow in the reservoir area. In this study, data were obtained through remote-sensing imagery interpretation and field survey. By using analytic hierarchy process, determined the weight of each evaluation factor was determined. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was applied for the debris flow risk assessment of Wudongde reservoir in China. The evaluation results show that the reservoir area has 20 mildly dangerous mudslides, 200 moderately dangerous mudslides, and 18 severely dangerous mudslides; only one debris flow ditch is extremely dangerous. Thus, the risk of debris flow in Wudongde reservoir area is relatively small and will not have a great impact on the construction and operation of hydropower stations here.
The hazard assessment of glacial lake debris flow: A case study on Dongcuoqu, Luolong County, Tibet
Authors: Ding Mingtao , Gao Zemin , Huang Tao , Hu Xiewen
Published: November 2020

The development and outbursts of glacial lake debris flow pose threats to downstream infrastructures. Thus, rational assessment of its potential hazards is necessary to mitigate geological hazards along the Sichuan–Tibet railway lines. In this paper, we used logistic regression models and Rapid Mass Movement Simulation methods to assess the multiyear dynamic evolutionary characteristics and outburst risks of the glacial lake and to conduct numerical simulation of the debris flow process. The adopted methodology used remote sensing images from the Landsat 1-Landsat 8 series for the period 1973–2018, combined with the pieces of information of the geological expedition in the glacial lake Dongcuoqu, Luolong County, Tibet, China. The results revealed that the probability of collapse risk of the Dongcuoqu glacial lake dam was 0.39, and its risk extent reached level I, which indicates medium hazardousness and severe loss. The debris flow process simulation comprises of four stages: initiation, acceleration, deceleration, and termination. The outburst floods flow through the proposed location of the Sichuan–Tibet railway. Specifically, the flow velocity in the vicinity of the Luolong station of nearly 5 m/s, which poses a significant threat to the safe construction of the railway. In the flood and non-flood periods, the change in the amount of snow and ice melt was distinctive, and the maximum storage capacities of the glacial lake during these periods were 82 × 106 m3 and 60.1 × 106 m3, respectively. These findings suggest that the assessment results can be used as an excellent reference for the reduction of the construction risk of the proposed Sichuan–Tibet railway under disaster stress in glacial lake outburst hazard areas.
Three-dimensional classification and zoning method of surrounding rock and its application based on big data geomechanical information
Authors: Yu S B , Yang X C , Wang H , Wang Z X
Published: November 2020

The study aims to address some prominent problems of the existing classification methods of roadway surrounding rock, such as poor adaptability and applicability. For this purpose, using geomechanical information coupling with the three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling technology, a 3D classification and zoning method of surrounding rock is proposed on the basis of the big data geomechanical information database. This method can realize advanced prediction and evaluation analysis of rock mass quality in unexposed areas. The method first establishes an acquisition workflow of the big data geomechanical information based on the rock mass rating (RMR) and then forms a statistics technology of the big data geomechanical information and database sample based on borehole core data. Finally, it realizes the assignment of RMR for the unexposed areas by combining the 3D evaluation technology of 3DMine software and the supplemented information obtained from onsite geological survey.

The 3D classification and zoning method is applied to the Jiama mine and compared with quality statistics obtained from an onsite survey. The results from the proposed model based on the borehole core database statistics are consistent with the onsite survey results. This indicates that the proposed method has excellent feasibility and applicability to solve some of the problems with the existing methods. In addition, the 3D classification and zoning method realizes extra mechanical application for borehole cores except for geological exploration and improves the application extent of borehole cores from multiple angles.
Surrounding rock control technology for the fault passing of mining face by removing gangue in advance from excavation roadways
Authors: Zhongcheng Qin , Bin Cao , Tan Li , Yongle Liu , Xin Guo
Published: November 2020

This study presents a new technology for passing through faults quickly by removing gangue in advance from driving roadways of working faces; this technology has the advantages of short moving time and good coal quality during fault passing. However, in practice, driving roadways are affected by mining pressure during the driving and mining period; thus, roadway support is difficult. This study aims to develop appropriate support for driving roadways, not only to ensure the stability of the roadway and satisfy the space requirements for the working face when it passes through the fault but also to reduce the strength of the rock pillars in the roadway. In this manner, the shearer can directly reduce the working strength during the period of fault passing. In this study, UDEC numerical simulation software is used to explore the size of rock pillars and the parameters of bolt support. In addition, the supporting effect of ordinary, high-strength prestressed, and high-strength prestressed yielding bolts is compared. On the basis of the simulation results, a reasonable control scheme of surrounding rock in advanced driving roadways is proposed. Moreover, the successful application of the technology in field practice shows the remarkable effect of this scheme on the surrounding rock control when passing faults. Thus, this study provides some references for surrounding rock control during the fault passing of the mining face.
Roof fracture and front abutment stress evolution of large mining height coal face with weak overburden under goaf
Authors: Liu X S , Li X B , Tan Y L , Ning J G , Fan D Y , Ma Q , Song S L
Published: November 2020

The mining pressure evolution of large mining height coal face with weak overburden under goaf is complicated, significantly influencing mining safety. This study uses the actual geological conditions of the II3 coal seam in Lingdong Coal Mine as research background. First, we combine the key layer theory and roof and floor lithology, the middle sandstone strata are determined as key strata. The fracture thin plate model for weak overburden with large mining height is established, considering elastic-plastic theory. We then obtain the calculation formula of key strata initial fracture span lo, periodic fracture span l0, and front abutment stress. Second, the roof fracture and front abutment stress evolution during lower coal mining are obtained using the FLAC3D numerical simulation method. As the coal face advances, the immediate roof continues to collapse, and periodic fracture subsidence occurs. The coal face periodically appears, causing the phenomenon of roof subsidence acceleration, serious coal wall spalling, increasing pillar stress, and roof-stepped subsidence. The numerical simulation results show that the initial fracture span is approximately 25 m, and the stress of the key strata is approximately 12.5 MPa. The roof weighting span of the first cycle is approximately 2.39 m, the front abutment stress peak is approximately 14.33 MPa, and the influence range of the front abutment stress is approximately 17.50 m. Finally, comparing the numerical simulation results with the theoretical results shows that the evolution is similar, verifying the correctness of the mechanical model. The research results can predict the periodic weighting of overburden and provide a reference for the design of roof mining pressure control for large mining height coal face with weak overburden of lower coal seam.
Dynamic Stability Evaluation of Underground Caverns in Jointed Rock Mass using Friction Energy Generated by Joint Sliding
Authors: Shuai Wang , Meiwan Yu , Shihu Xiong
Published: November 2020

General seismic damage surrounding underground excavations of jointed rock masses is closely associated with the presence and response of discrete fracture networks. As the failure of rock masses is mainly controlled by joints, energy dissipated through slippage along joints is proposed as an evaluation index for dynamic stability analysis of underground caverns. Energy dissipated in slippage is represented as a product of the shear stress and plastic shear displacement. The method was demonstrated through dynamic analysis of an underground cavern containing joints of varying dip friction angle and location. The results show that the proposed index can record the failure history and damage of rock structures surrounding an underground cavern subjected to dynamic loading. The effects of four types of joint sets on the dynamic stability of a cavern in the DaGangshan hydropower project were assessed using the friction energy of the joints. The combination of steep and non-steep joint sets was found to be much more unfavorable to large caverns than joints sets of only steep dip angle or non-steep dip angle.
On the genesis of karst in red beds and underground engineer risks analysis
Authors: Weibin Zhu , Siran Zhu , Hua Zhang , Huanghui and
Published: November 2020

Red beds are a series of red or dark-red clastic rocks that have been deposited in continental basins under dry climate conditions since the Mesozoic. Long-term investigation and research have found that karst caves in red beds mainly develop as formations composed of coarse-grained clastic rocks in the periphery of the basin. When combined with the overlying water-rich loose soil, these formations pose a significant risk to underground projects. The present study systematically analyzes several large-scale engineering implementations in the red bed layer, reveals the development characteristics of karst caves in red beds, and discusses the relevant causes (or mechanisms) of karst formation, which include the long-term effects of abundant soluble debris, tectonic fissures, and paleochannel systems. The characteristics of underground engineering methods, such as pile foundations, foundation pits, and underground tunnels, were evaluated to determine the main risks causing ground collapse and structural damage, such as water inrush, mud bursting, and slurry leakage. Risk models for different construction methods were finally established.
MCMC approach for shield tunnel grouting layer estimation using ground penetrating radar
Authors: Qin Hui , Tang Yu , Wang Zhengzheng , Xie Xiongyao , Zhang Donghao
Published: November 2020

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been suggested as an effective tool for evaluating the grouting layer behind shield tunnel linings, yet the estimation of the grouting layer thickness is usually difficult. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic inversion method to evaluate the grouting layer using GPR images. This method uses a sliding window along the GPR scan axis combined with a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation with Bayesian inversion to infer the grouting layer thickness together with the relative permittivity and electric conductivity. We illustrate this approach using a synthetic GPR experiment that simulates grouting layer detection in a shield tunnel along the longitude direction. A sliding window with a width of 0.2 m is used to estimate the model parameters and is moved along the scan axis with a step size of 0.2 m after each inversion. The results demonstrate successful estimation of the grouting layer thickness and its relative permittivity and electric conductivity by the proposed method. Moreover, this method is capable of quantifying uncertainties in the inversion results.
Study on Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Characteristics of Surrounding Rock of HLW Disposal Repository in Clay Rock
Authors: Hai-an Liang , Long-peng Zhang , Jiong-feng Liang , Xin-jun Chai
Published: November 2020

With the long-term decay, releasing a large amount of heat is one of the main characteristics of high-level radioactive waste. Safe operation of high-level radioactive waste repository must consider the effect of thermo-mechanical coupling on repository stability. In this paper, core drilling samples and in-situ stress tests were performed systematically on clay rock in Tamusu area. Thermal conductivity and triaxial tests were operated on samples near the depth of target layer of repository, to obtain the thermal and mechanical characteristics parameters. According to these parameters, a repository model was established in FLAC 3D to simulate excavation of repository and thermo-mechanical coupling of surrounding rock within 100 years after it closed. Results reveal that thermo-mechanical coupling effect has a significant impact on stability of repository. Thermal field reaches a steady state when high-level radioactive waste releases for 20 years, and the temperature in surrounding rock decrease as negative exponential with the distance from the gallery increases of. Due the temperature of the surrounding rock increases, thermal stress is generated, and the stress level in the near field of repository is growing as a whole, thus, strain increases. After heating without support for 100 years, there is the possibility of shear failure at the top and bottom of the chamber. It is necessary to reinforce the chamber lining to ensure the safe and stable operation of the repository.
Study on influencing factors of cutting efficiency for TBM gage cutters by linear cutting test
Authors: Yin L J , Li M Z , Li X , Gong Q M , Wu F , Xu H Y
Published: November 2020

The gage cutter is the key component in a tunnel boring machine (TBM); this part affects the machine’s cutting efficiency and maintains the tunnel diameter. In this study, a series of rock cutting tests with different parameters (cutting spacing, penetration depth, and installation angle) is conducted using the mechanical rock fragmentation experimental platform of Beijing University of Technology to study the influences of these parameters on the rock-breaking performance of a TBM gage cutter. During the tests, the triaxial cutting forces and rock chips are collected and analyzed. The test results show that the average normal force of the cutter will decrease with the installation angle increasing at the same penetration depth and cutting spacing, but the average rolling force has the opposite change tendency. The side force is influenced by the installation angle significantly. The side force of the gage cutter plays a more important role in the rock fragmentation than does the side force of the normal cutter. Moreover, the cutting efficiency of the normal cutter is higher than that of the gage cutter. An inclined disc cutter is more conducive to producing rock chips under a large cutting spacing than is a vertical disc cutter, and the optimal cutting spacing under different installation angles is different. This study can provide a reference for TBM gage cutter design and TBM operation parameter optimization.
Dynamic Response and Perturbation Design of Surrounding Rock in Blasting Construction of Small Radius Spiral Tunnel
Authors: Fang Z B , Yan Q , Sun X D , Fu D , Zhang X X , Liu X , Qi N
Published: November 2020

To achieve a better blasting effect of ultra-long and deep buried spiral tunnel with a small radius, it is necessary to study the dynamic response and disturbance of blasting construction. As the engineering background with a poor engineering geological condition, this paper uses the Midi spiral-tunnel in Yunnan province that has a small radius of curvature, a large burial depth, and a large excavation distance. The blasting load is determined first by calculation. Under different blasting construction parameters, the deformation and dynamic vibration responses of the surrounding rocks are studied using the finite element numerical method. The damage mechanism of rock under the blasting load is analyzed. The tunnel engineering blasting is designed and calculated, and the small distance disturbance design of spiral tunnel blasting construction with a small radius is performed from the excavation method and blasting parameters. The results serve as a reference to reveal the surrounding rock dynamics in blasting construction of the spiral tunnel with a small radius.
Optimization Analysis of Suki Kinari Underground Powerhouse Caverns Based on an Efficient CATIA-Abaqus Model
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Wei-zhong , Chen En-yu , Tan Xian-jun , Wang Xiao-gang , Hu Yuan-jun , Wang Yu-xuan
Published: November 2020

Underground powerhouse caverns, which are large-scale, complex-type, and intersecting circuits, are considered as a complicated, constrained, and irreversible nonlinear system. They are divided into several layers for excavation. Various stress states occur whenever they are subjected to excavation; therefore, deformation and failure arise because of stress redistribution and concentration. Based on the determinate excavation scheme, the sectional shape of underground powerhouse caverns, especially the aspect ratio of the main powerhouse, is the key factor that affects the stability of the surrounding rock masses. Furthermore, during the excavation process, the integrity and stability of rock pillar, whose thickness is determined by the interval of caverns, are considered as crucial issues, because damage occurs in the thinner rock pillar. Consequently, the interval of caverns is the important parameter that needs to be investigated. In this study, we combine building information modeling with numerical analysis to investigate the effect of the aspect ratio of the main powerhouse and the interval between the main powerhouse and the main transform chamber. For the Suki Kinari (SK) underground powerhouse caverns, the 3D terrain and geological model was created in accordance with the detailed geological information. The parameterized underground powerhouse model and the supporting system were designed by CATIA, and the numerical model that involves the excavation scheme was generated by ABAQUS. The results show the following: (1) As the aspect ratio increases, the deformation of the main powerhouse exhibits various features, indicating that the arch crown settlement reduces while the deformation of the sidewalls increases. (2) As the aspect ratio increases, the overall deformation of the particular parts exhibits the characteristic of rapidly decreasing and then gradually forming a convergent trend. (3) Intense disturbance occurs on the rock pillar because of bidirectional unloading during the excavation process, and the rock pillar weakens rapidly and then gradually stabilizes as the thickness increases, suggesting the property of exponential function of the total deformation. Finally, the conclusions are applied on the SK underground powerhouse caverns to reveal the optimal aspect ratio and interval.
Composite collapse mechanism of an anti-dip rock slope
Authors: Sun Chaoyi , Chen Congxin , Zheng Yun
Published: November 2020

Collapse is a common instability mode of anti-dip rock slopes. This type of failure involves a complex geo-mechanical process. This work investigated the collapse mechanism of an anti-dip rock slope in a granite mine in Shanxi Province, China. A detailed field survey was carried out to analyze the inducing factors and failure process of collapse. Then, discrete element numerical simulations were conducted by the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) to determine the microscopic damage and macroscopic failure of collapse. Through these works, the composite collapse failure mechanism of the anti-dip rock slope was investigated comprehensively. Results show that the structural planes perpendicular to the slope surface and the steep anti-dip structural planes are the prerequisites of collapse. Strength softening of the structural planes caused by rainfall is the triggering factor of collapse. The collapse of such a rock slope can be considered as a composite failure composed of shear sliding, block toppling, and flexural toppling. In addition, the numerical results indicate that the composite failure of shear sliding and block toppling occurs at the toe of and the middle of the slope, followed by flexural toppling failure at the rear edge of the slope. Therefore, the monitoring and treatment of such type of collapses should be concentrated on the composite failure zone where shear sliding and block toppling occur. The high consistency between the numerical results and field observations shows the feasibility and rationality of using UDEC to study such collapse from the microscopic damage to macroscopic failure. The results enrich the type of collapse of anti-dip rock slopes and provide a scientific reference to the design treatment for such slopes.
Analysis of the Finite Element Strength Reduction Method to Slope Stability with a thin weak layer
Authors: Luo Hongming , Zeng Chao , He Xianzhi , Li Weipeng , Li Qun
Published: November 2020

The strength of the weak layer not only controls the instability mechanism of the slope, but also the factor of safety to the slope. Studying the stability of the weak layer slope has important theoretical significance and practical engineering value. The instability mechanism and the factor of safety to slope stability with a thin weak layer were studied by finite element strength reduction method and limit equilibrium method. The results show that factor of safety to slope stability decreases with the strength of the weak layer decreases. When the strength of the weak layer is less than 0.6 times the strength of the soil, the instability mechanism of the slope changes from circular arc sliding to polygonal sliding, and its stability is controlled by the strength of the weak layer. The slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium method must be based on the analysis of the instability mechanism to accurately evaluate the slope stability. However, the finite element strength reduction method can be applied to calculate the factor of safety to slope stability and analyze the instability mechanism, and to previous limit equilibrium method.
Research on in-situ observation system of seabed boundary layer based on self-potential measurement
Authors: Fan Zhihan , Jia Yonggang , Guo Xiujun , Xu Haibo , Xue Liang , Feng Yasheng , Wu Shiguo , Jin Sun , Lu Jingan , Wang Ziyu
Published: November 2020

The submarine boundary layer is a dynamically changing strip located near the seabed interface. The dynamic change process involves the resuspension and redeposition of sediments, which has an important impact on the transportation of seafloor sediments and the transport of offshore chemical substances. Based on the self-developed self-potential monitoring device, the stability of the device and the characteristics of the seabed and the bottom layer of the sea floor with different textures were tested through laboratory experiments. The results show that the self-developed self-potential monitoring probe has high corrosion resistance, good electrode stability, and guaranteed measurement accuracy. The self-potential measurement can clearly identify the position of the seabed interface, and can judge seabed sediments by positive and negative anomalies. Nature, the sandy seabed is negative anomaly (about -8 mv), the clayey seabed is positive anomaly (about 10 mv). The concentration of solid suspended particles in the seawater and the self-potential difference between the seawater and the seabed appear relatively good linear relationship, the smaller the difference, the greater the concentration of solid suspended particles. The re-deposited sediment changes its self-potential under the influence of material composition and pore structure, but this effect gradually decreases as the consolidation time increases. Therefore, the spontaneous potential measurement can better reflect the dynamic changes of the seafloor sediments, and effectively monitor the dynamic changes of the seafloor boundary layer. It provides a new method for the in-situ observation of the dynamic changes of the submarine boundary layer.
Deformation and Force Analysis of the Pile Foundation System of Deep Foundation Pits in Soil–Rock Combination
Authors: Su X T , Zhang Y N , Zhang X X , Lei G
Published: November 2020

This study uses the construction of the Shengli Bridge Station of Qingdao Metro Line 1 as the engineering support for in-depth research of the deformation and mechanical characteristics of the retaining structure of pile-support systems during deep foundation pit excavation under the complex geological conditions of soil–rock combination. This study adopts the finite element software modeling analysis method to simulate the excavation of the foundation pit and the 3D finite element numerical calculation method to calculate the deformation. The modified Mohr–Coulomb model is selected as the constitutive model, and the natural gravity of each layer of soil is considered. The calculated load includes the dead load of structure and soil. The boundary conditions of X, Y, and Z directions at the bottom are fixed constraints, and the top ground is a free boundary. The displacement of soil around the foundation pit and the stress and deformation of retaining piles and crown beams under different working conditions are studied. The deformation law and force mechanism of the supporting structure of the pile-support system are analyzed. The research results reveal the relationship between the synergy of pile-support system and soil deformation, serving as a reference for similar engineering constructions.
Study on Early Identification of Landslide Hazard in Mountain Valley Area based on InSAR and Optical Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Xichao Huang , Meng Wang , Bing Han , Tianbin Yu , Yu Jiang
Published: November 2020

Landslide geological hazards are widely distributed and frequently occur in China, especially in the western high mountains and valleys where the terrain is steep and the vegetation is dense and also a large number of hidden and large-scale landslide geological hazards. To solve the problems of the early identification of landslide, we took the high mountain valley area of the Shimian–Hanyuan section of Dadu River as the research object. To conduct an early identification study of landslide hazards in the research area, we used interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology and optical remote sensing technology. The results of our study show that by comparing the identification results of D-InSAR, PS-InSAR, and SBAS-InSAR, we can confirm that the identification effect of SBAS-InSAR technology on landslide geological hazards in mountain valley area is the best. The comparison of the interpretation results of optical remote sensing technology and InSAR technology shows that the optical remote sensing technology can identify the landslide with obvious signs of deformation, and the InSAR technology can identify the geological hazard of the deformation landslide. Furthermore, InSAR technology and optical remote sensing technology can be used synthetically to achieve the early identification of landslide geological hazards.
Study on Sustainable Development of Nursery Supply in Urban Greening Construction
Authors: Lei Zhenlin , Liu Yaobin
Published: November 2020

Focusing on the impact of China’s urbanization process and tree growth law on urban greening construction, this study explore how to plan the sustainable development of nursery to promote the level of urban landscaping. This paper takes investigation and research as the main method and path. According to the analysis of China’s urbanization process and nursery case data, the reaction to the urban greening construction and the unbalanced development of the nursery appeared. The study found that rational planning of the tree growth cycle in the nursery and grasping the changes in market prices can promote the sustainable development of urban greening construction. The method of this research is objective and the research results will help urban planners and nursery operators to establish an effective evaluation system in practice.
The Exploring of Supply Chain and Consumer Behavior Under the Concept of Sustainable Development
Authors: Wang Youcheng
Published: November 2020

In the context of deteriorating global environmental conditions, sustainable development has been recognized by more and more people. The concept of sustainability has also been incorporated into many business and consumer behaviors. Companies will use sustainable supply chains to balance three goals, economic, social and environment. Consumers will also adopt many green activities to implement the concept of sustainability. Therefore, the impact of sustainable supply chain on consumers and the impact of consumers’ green behaviors on supply chain are worth discussing and exploring. Exploring the impact of enterprise supply chain on consumers is conducive to enterprises’ better response to consumers. Consumers’ feedback to enterprises is also conducive to the development of new green products. It helps to better implement the concept of sustainable development and reduce environmental damage and resource consumption.
Built environment and parking pricing: Probability on changing mode choice in Bandung urban area
Authors: Afalia D N , Rachmat S Y
Published: November 2020

Bandung as an urban area in the centre of Metropolitan Bandung Raya and the centre of various activities generate high movement of trips, especially the movement from commuters. The more trips use motorized vehicles, the more people need parking lots. In consequences, the massive movement using private vehicle and the use of on-street parking causes congestion in Bandung Urban Area because of the increasing of road capacity. Previous research proved that one factor to reduce private vehicle user mode choice behaviour is by having a strong strategy in parking. Hence the parking pricing is one of the most effective parking strategies in influencing driver behaviour. The binary logit regression model is used to identify the behaviours of private vehicle users and to investigate the probability of private vehicle drivers shifting to mass transportation particularly for commuter’s trip. This paper surveyed 200 commuters through revealed and stated preference in Bandung Centre Area. The best model is the model with the highest significance number shown from the Neglekerke R square number. The response keeps using private vehicle and parking in the existing area has the highest significance number which is 0,59. The model from the response is Ln P/1-P = 4.356 -1,550 (X1.1)- 1,279 (X1.2) – 0,01 (X2). The variables in this model are a medium compact area (X1.1), a compact area (X1.2) and parking pricing strategy (X.2). The result can assist decision-makers on all levels to wisely allocate resources to public transportation improvement, and optimization of parking pricing strategy, especially in Bandung Urban Area.
Implementing slab track monoblock sleeper system for Indonesian urban metro railway project based on life cycle cost under uncertainty
Authors: Usman K , Ravianda Y , Pramudita H , Adrianto R
Published: November 2020

The development of Indonesian Urban Metro Railway Project has been accelerated in the last decade, concerning on a massive infrastructure investment across the regions. The project requires a smart, sustainable, and reliable system of railway slab track to be adopted considering its life cycle cost and the challenging triple constraints (cost, quality, and time). In general, a slab track system is suitable for the required criteria. Despite the complexity for implementing this system, its ability to withstand a variety of Indonesian’s extreme weather (e.g. heavy rain leads to flooding) and geohazards are likely to be considered in comparison with the conventional ballasted track. Moreover, a maintenance aspect is also entailed in the decision-making process. There are two potential types of this system to be utilised; the difference is devoted to the placement of the anti-vibration system which can be mounted in underneath pc sleepers (type 1) or in rail fastening systems (type 2). However, the costs which are mainly allocated to installation and maintenance can be affected by performance uncertainty associated with these systems. Hence, this paper proposes an approach that can be used to address uncertainty and assist decision-makers for selecting and implementing the proper slab system,
Pre-study of the application of weigh-in-motion technology to enforcement of regulations on heavy-duty vehicles in Indonesia
Authors: Priambudi B N , Hadi M I , Ariani N M
Published: November 2020

Overloading and over dimension are common problems in transportation of distribution. In, Indonesia the distribution of goods is carried out mostly by road; until today, goods transports often exceeds load limits. The government established the regulations for the Motorized Vehicle Weighing Unit (UPPKB) to fix this problem. Towards the era of the 4.0 industry, Indonesian government attempted to apply weigh-in-motion technology in UPPKB. This paper aims to provide an initial overview of the application of weigh-in-motion technology to support load limit regulation in Indonesia. The sample for research location in UPPKB Balai Raja in Riau, which is currently undergoing a revitalization and trial implementation of weigh-in-motion technology. The research will discuss the suitability of physical-nonphysical characteristics and goods transport characteristics, as well as challenges and problems in applying weigh-in-motion technology, so that it is in accordance with the characteristics of the regions in Indonesia.
Developing data approaches for accumulation of plastic waste modelling using environment and socio-economic data product
Authors: Rinasti A N , Sakti A D , Agustina E , Wikantika K
Published: November 2020

Today the world faces the fact that 10 million tonnes of waste, primarily plastic waste, pas through the river. This global issue has become a serious problem that can be resolved with location-based that utilizes remote sensing technology, following recent developments of technology. This study aims to estimate the weight of potential plastic waste at the estuary before it enters the ocean and becomes marine debris. Several parameters are developed based on three main aspects, which are environment as graded by LULC, social aspect as provided by population density using building data, and economic aspect as provided by nightlight from NOAA’s VIIRS. The estimation used raster-based digital numbers processing, by using estimated data and providing weight. As a result, it shows that most of the metropolitan cities such as Jakarta contribute almost 507 tonne of plastic waste per day. For other cities, its generation is directly proportional to the increase in population. This study could become a consideration to synthesize policies, with the fact that massive population density impacts the increasing of the plastic waste generation.
Strategic thinking to improve sanitation in Kampung Pelangi 200, Bandung City: in comparison with Kampung Jodipan-Ksatrian, Malang City
Authors: Fatimah W M , Sarli P W , Soewondo P , Zakiyya N M
Published: November 2020

There are 4.5 billion people in the world who do not have access to safely managed sanitation. As an informal area, basic access to sanitation is also limited as available options for sanitation infrastructure provision is hampered by financial limitations. In 2016, students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang conducted a project funded by PT Indana in Jodipan, Malang to provide visual improvement to slum areas by painting the houses with striking colors. Jodipan inhabitants’ attitude and perception toward sanitation has changed over time as now their village has become a tourist destination. Meanwhile in 2018, a project funded by Sanlex was conducted in Bandung to attract more tourists by painting houses in Kampung Pelangi 200 to improve the physical appearance of the village. Kampung Pelangi 200 needs to obtain economic value from the project to provide safely managed sanitation. A cohort study is used to compare characteristics and confirm a suspected association between cause and effect to the desired condition. Factors to be considered include 1) Internal factors, particularly geographical characteristics, and location of the village, as well as local culture and social relationship in between village residents. 2) External factors, particularly the involvement of stakeholders and the weather of the city.
Exploration of creative industry networks: the case of Binongjati knitting community
Authors: Aritenang A F , Iskandar Z S , Safitri P
Published: November 2020

The creative economy is a term used to describe industrial activities that are traditional and innovative. Each creative economic activity in Indonesia has its own uniqueness, and in these activities skills, knowledge, and creativity are transferred through local and national links. The paper argues that the characteristics of similar artists are very different between the two types of industries. This paper aims to examine the business networks developed in the context of creative and informal economy in the production and sale of goods of creative kampongs in Bandung. The case study is the Binongjati, a historical creative kampong that specializes in the production of knitting crafts and related fashion products. This study was conducted by interviewing the key persons in Binongjati and distributing questionnaires to business owners. The study found that business networks in the Binongjati creative kampong are spatially wide and economically established. However, based on the production process, industries significantly relied on their production input to local suppliers. Thus, the industry is fragile to any disruption to the local economy in Bandung. However, there are at least two policy implications that need to be considered: the importance to capture local knowledge and innovation and the creative industry policy that should focus to expand the market by enhancing business network analysis and business database of both supplier and customer.
The new of Pasar Lama: new design with new normal life concept
Authors: Nurfindarti E , Ausi S , Gandakusumah N L
Published: November 2020

The Pasar Lama Area of Serang City is one of the strategic areas of Serang City, based on the Serang City Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) for 2010-2030. But unfortunately, the existing condition of the area is not conducive, because there are many shop stalls and abandoned buildings, and traditional markets that are not well-ordered. This study aims to compile the design of buildings and areas in the Pasar Lama Area of Serang City with the concept of a new normal life that is responsive to the COVID-19 pandemic, so that the quality of the area increases by its designation as a strategic area of the city, and is expected to become a pilot building that is responsive to a pandemic. This research is important because there have not been many building designs that are responsive to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in traditional markets, even though the market is a vulnerable location to the COVID-19 transmission cluster. The research method uses descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and study of literature. The redesign of the building focused on the Serang Plaza block IV building which was a former cinema building that was redesigned into a clean market (ground floor and 1st floor) and small business and creative industries gallery, mini cinema, and co-working space (2nd floor). The redesigned part of the area is the pedestrian and the ex-slaughterhouse area, which is a typical culinary centre of the City of Serang, with an open system that rotates morning and evening. The recommendation that needs to be done is to explore a collaborative building management scheme and the area, and before starting construction, it is necessary to examine the condition of the existing strength of the building to be redesigned, so that it can be determined to be rebuilt or only partially.
Transcriptomic analysis of equine placenta reveals key regulators and pathways involved in ascending placentitis†
Authors: El-Sheikh Ali Hossam , Dini Pouya , Scoggin Kirsten , Loux Shavahn , Fedorka Carleigh , Boakari Yatta , Norris Jamie , Esteller-Vico Alejandro , Kalbfleisch Theodore , Ball Barry
Published: November 2020

Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ascending equine placentitis holds the potential for the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies to forestall placentitis-induced preterm labor. The current study characterized the equine placental transcriptome (chorioallantois [CA] and endometrium [EN]) during placentitis (placentitis group, n = 6) in comparison to gestationally-matched controls (control group, n = 6). Transcriptome analysis identified 2953 and 805 differentially expressed genes in CA and EN during placentitis, respectively. Upstream regulator analysis revealed the central role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in triggering the inflammatory signaling, and consequent immune-cell chemotaxis. Placentitis was associated with the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9) and apoptosis-related genes such as caspases (CASP3, CASP4, and CASP7) in CA. Also, placentitis was associated with downregulation of transcripts coding for proteins essential for placental steroidogenesis (SRD5A1 and AKR1C1), progestin signaling (PGRMC1 and PXR) angiogenesis (VEGFA, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3), and nutrient transport (GLUT12 and SLC1A4), as well as upregulation of hypoxia-related genes (HIF1A and EGLN3), which could explain placental insufficiency during placentitis. Placentitis was also associated with aberrant expression of several placenta-regulatory genes, such as PLAC8, PAPPA, LGALS1, ABCG2, GCM1, and TEPP, which could negatively affect placental functions. In conclusion, our findings revealed for the first time the key regulators and mechanisms underlying placental inflammation, separation, and insufficiency during equine placentitis, which might lead to the development of efficacious therapies or diagnostic aids by targeting the key molecular pathways.
Can one use Earth’s magnetic axial dipole field intensity to predict reversals?
Authors: Gwirtz K , Morzfeld M , Fournier A , Hulot G
Published: November 2020

We study predictions of reversals of Earth’s axial magnetic dipole field that are based solely on the dipole’s intensity. The prediction strategy is, roughly, that once the dipole intensity drops below a threshold, then the field will continue to decrease and a reversal (or a major excursion) will occur. We first present a rigorous definition of an intensity threshold-based prediction strategy and then describe a mathematical and numerical framework to investigate its validity and robustness in view of the data being limited. We apply threshold-based predictions to a hierarchy of numerical models, ranging from simple scalar models to 3-D geodynamos. We find that the skill of threshold-based predictions varies across the model hierarchy. The differences in skill can be explained by differences in how reversals occur: if the field decreases towards a reversal slowly (in a sense made precise in this paper), the skill is high, and if the field decreases quickly, the skill is low. Such a property could be used as an additional criterion to identify which models qualify as Earth-like. Applying threshold-based predictions to Virtual Axial Dipole Moment palaeomagnetic reconstructions (PADM2M and Sint-2000) covering the last two million years, reveals a moderate skill of threshold-based predictions for Earth’s dynamo. Besides all of their limitations, threshold-based predictions suggests that no reversal is to be expected within the next 10 kyr. Most importantly, however, we show that considering an intensity threshold for identifying upcoming reversals is intrinsically limited by the dynamic behaviour of Earth’s magnetic field.
Detailed space–time variations of the seismic response of the shallow crust to small earthquakes from analysis of dense array data
Authors: Bonilla Luis Fabian , Ben-Zion Yehuda
Published: November 2020

We compute high-resolution space–time variations of subsurface seismic properties from autocorrelation functions (ACF’s) of noise and local earthquakes, recorded by the Sage Brush Flat dense array deployed around the Clark branch of the San Jacinto fault. The resolved temporal changes are referred to as apparent velocity changes because they reflect both nonlinear response and variations of material properties such as cracking and damage. Apparent velocity changes are estimated at four frequency bands (10–15, 10–20, 15–30 and 20–40 Hz) for two local earthquake data sets. In one analysis, ACF’s from P- and S-wave windows of 31 small events with magnitudes below 3.1 are used to compute the apparent velocity variations with respect to the mean ACF of each phase, and we also use the mean ACF of noise data as reference to estimate the changes. In a further analysis, the temporal evolution of properties is computed using moving time windows in continuous waveform over one-hour long data with noise and earthquake signals. The apparent velocity changes and recovery times are frequency dependent and present a strong spatial variability across the array. The resolved changes are larger and recovery time shorter with data associated with higher frequencies. At frequencies larger than 15 Hz, and using the mean ACF of noise data as a reference, the apparent average velocity changes across the array during the passage of the P and S waves from the small local events are 2.5 per cent and 6 per cent, respectively. The apparent velocity changes decrease by one order of magnitude when the earthquake data are used as a reference. The relatively large changes in response to very low ground motion have important implications on nonlinear processes involving degradation and healing of the subsurface material during common earthquake shaking.