bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Seismic Sequences and Activation of Normal Fault Systems in the Mugello Basin and Surrounding Areas (Northern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Saccorotti Gilberto , Bruni Rebecca , Bonini Marco , Corti Giacomo , Keir Derek , Sani Federico
Published: May 2022

The Mugello Basin (North-Eastern Tuscany) is an intermontane basin of the Northern Apennines (Italy) with a well-documented record of seismicity; the two major historical earthquakes occurred in 1542 (Mw = 6.0) and in 1919 (Mw = 6.4). In this study, we integrate different seismic catalogs spanning the 2005–2019 time interval, and complement these data with phase arrival times from a temporary network that specifically operated in the area throughout the 2019–2021 time interval. The subsequent relocation of this data set with a double-difference algorithm allows for accurate analyses of the most relevant seismic sequences which affected the study area in 2008, 2009, 2015–2017, and 2019. These sequences are associated with the activation of adjacent segments of larger NW-striking fault systems, one of which bounds the NE margin of the Mugello Basin (Ronta Fault System). For each seismic sequence, best-fit fault surfaces are derived from orthonormal regression of relocated hypocenters, yielding consistent results with that derived from fault plane solutions. The four sequences mark a significant increase in the seismicity rate with respect to what was recorded in the previous decades. This suggests that, following the 2008 renewal of seismicity, static or dynamic stress changes, or both depending on the case, played a role in advancing the time of failure of the fault segments activated subsequently.
Norwegian Secondary School Teachers’ Reflections on Models for Physical Activity During Schooltime: A Longitudinal Intervention Study
Authors: Lomsdal Sondre Arntzen , Lyngstad Idar Kristian , Lagestad Pål Arild
Published: May 2022

To prevent the negative trend regarding youths’ physical activity (PA) level, schools have been promoted as an appropriate arena for facilitating increased PA among youths. This study focuses on Norwegian secondary school teachers’ perceptions of models for PA during schooltime, by interviews before, during and after a PA intervention, where various PA models are implemented in a secondary school. An important finding is that implementation of PA at school must consider the complexity of the teacher’s practice, the diversity of students, and the need for flexibility among teachers in their daily practice. Our study show that facilitating PA in secondary school by using several methods, is experienced as the most preferable approach by the teachers, and this supports the idea of a whole-school approach. Future research should focus on interventions where teachers gain experience with all the models aimed at implementing PA in school.
Cancer Susceptibility as a Cost of Reproduction and Contributor to Life History Evolution
Authors: Dujon Antoine M. , Boutry Justine , Tissot Sophie , Lemaître Jean-François , Boddy Amy M. , Gérard Anne-Lise , Alvergne Alexandra , Arnal Audrey , Vincze Orsolya , Nicolas Delphine , Giraudeau Mathieu , Telonis-Scott Marina , Schultz Aaron , Pujol Pascal , Biro Peter A. , Beckmann Christa , Hamede Rodrigo , Roche Benjamin , Ujvari Beata , Thomas Frédéric
Published: May 2022

Reproduction is one of the most energetically demanding life-history stages. As a result, breeding individuals often experience trade-offs, where energy is diverted away from maintenance (cell repair, immune function) toward reproduction. While it is increasingly acknowledged that oncogenic processes are omnipresent, evolving and opportunistic entities in the bodies of metazoans, the associations among reproductive activities, energy expenditure, and the dynamics of malignant cells have rarely been studied. Here, we review the diverse ways in which age-specific reproductive performance (e.g., reproductive aging patterns) and cancer risks throughout the life course may be linked via trade-offs or other mechanisms, as well as discuss situations where trade-offs may not exist. We argue that the interactions between host–oncogenic processes should play a significant role in life-history theory, and suggest some avenues for future research.
Immune Microenvironment Terms Signature Robustly Predicts the Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer Based on Large Population Cohorts
Authors: Liang Shengjie , Fang Kai , Li Simin , Liu Dong , Yi Qingtong
Published: May 2022

Immune microenvironment is implicated in cancer progression. However, the role of immune microenvironment in bladder cancer has not been fully explored. Open-accessed datasets GSE120736, GSE128959, GSE13507, GSE31684, GSE32548, GSE48075, GSE83586, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were enrolled in our study. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to quantify 53 immune terms in combined BLCA cohorts. The top 10 important immune terms were identified through random forest algorithm for model establishment. Our model showed satisfactory efficacy in prognosis prediction. Furthermore, we explored clinical and genomic feature differences between high- and low-risk groups. The results indicated that the patients in the high-risk group might be associated with worse clinical features. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that epithelial–mesenchymal translational, mTORC1 signaling, mitotic spindle, glycolysis, E2F target, and G2M checkpoint pathways were aberrantly activated in high-risk patients, partially explaining its worse prognosis. Patients in the low-risk group showed better immunotherapy response according to TIDE and TCIA analysis, indicating that our model could effectively predict the immunotherapy response rate. KCNH4, UGT1A1, TPO, SHANK1, PITX3, MYH1, MYH13, KRT3, DEC1, and OBP2A genes were identified as feature genes in the high- and low-risk patients. CMAP analysis was performed to identify potential compounds targeting the riskscore.
Outcomes of a Telephonic Postnatal Intervention for Mothers and Babies in Mopani District, Limpopo, South Africa
Authors: Mutyambizi Chipo , Dunlop Jackie , Ndou Rendani , Struthers Helen , McIntyre James , Rees Kate
Published: May 2022

Background

The postnatal period is a critical period for the health of both mother and infant. Studies show that postnatal care reduces neonatal mortality and other adverse mother and child health outcomes. While the World Health Organization recommends four postnatal care contacts, South African guidelines only specify three, excluding a 7-14-day post-birth contact. This study aimed to assess whether a telephonic contact at 7-14 days following delivery had any effect on use of additional postnatal services.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial design was used to address the study objectives. Two groups of new mothers were randomly allocated to either receive the 7-14-day telephonic contact or not from a research nurse. Data for this study was collected at Maphutha L Malatjie Hospital (MLMH). Descriptive analysis was performed first, then a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the factors associated with access to other health care services.

Results

A total of 882 mothers were recruited, 854 (97%) were classified as high risk, 28 (3%) were classified as low risk. 417 (49%) of the high risk received the 7-14-day call (intervention group) whilst the remainder of 437 (51%) from the high risk plus all mothers classified as low risk (28) did not receive the call (control group). 686 (78%) of all mothers received the 3 month follow up call. The call showed that 17 mothers from the control group and 10 mothers from the intervention group accessed other healthcare services. We find that hypertension (3.28; 1.06 −10.10), mental health risk (2.82; 1.25 −6.38), PV bleeding during pregnancy (18.33; 1.79–187.61), problem during labor (4.40; 1.280–15.13) were positively associated with access to other health services, with statistically significant associations (p-value < 0.05). We found statistically insignificant associations between receiving the 7-14-day call and accessing other health care services.

Conclusion

The 7-14-day call had no statistically significant impact on access to other health services, however, high levels of satisfaction with the call may point to an unmet need for care at this time. It is important to investigate other innovative solutions to postnatal care improvement in South Africa.
Role of IL-25 on Eosinophils in the Initiation of Th2 Responses in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Peng Bo , Sun Lin , Zhang Meng , Yan Huacheng , Shi Guochao , Xia Zhenwei , Dai Ranran , Tang Wei
Published: May 2022

Background

Eosinophils act as a secondary antigen-presenting cell (APC) to stimulate Th cell responses against antigens. IL-25 plays a significant role in eosinophil activation in allergic asthma. The role of IL-25 on the classic APC functions of dendritic cells has been elucidated. However, whether IL-25 facilitates eosinophils for antigen presentation is unknown.

Objective

To elucidate the role of IL-25 on eosinophils antigen presenting function during allergic asthma and its related mechanism.

Methods

Eosinophils from allergic asthma subjects were cultured with IL-25 and HDM to identify the co-stimulator molecules expression. Co-cultures of patient eosinophils and autologous naïve CD4+ T cells in the same culture system were to explore whether eosinophils had the capacity to promote Th cell differentiation in response to IL-25 engagement. In asthma mouse model, IL-25-/- mice were exposed to HDM to investigate the effect of IL-25 on eosinophils during the sensitization phase. The impact of IL-25 on the capacity for eosinophils taking up antigens was evaluated. Mouse bone marrow derived eosinophils (BmEOS) were co-cultured with naïve CD4+T cells sorted from spleens under HDM and IL-25 stimulation to identify T cell differentiation.

Results

IL-25 upregulated HLA-DR, PD-L1, and OX-40L expression on eosinophils from allergic asthma patients. IL-25 and HDM co-sensitized eosinophils promoted Th2 differentiation. In mouse model, IL-25-/- mice experienced restrained allergic pulmonary inflammation and reduced eosinophils recruitment and antigen uptake capacity during the early sensitization phase. In vitro, IL-25 promoted antigen uptake by eosinophils. In BmEOS and naïve CD4+T cells co-culture, IL-25 accreted the proportion of CD4+Th2 cells, which was absent in CD4+T cells culture alone.

Conclusion

Our data identify a novel role of IL-25 in enhancing eosinophils antigen uptake and co-stimulator molecules expression to induce Th2 priming in the context of allergic inflammation.
Performance Comparison of Three Data-Poor Methods With Various Types of Data on Assessing Southern Atlantic Albacore Fishery
Authors: Liao Baochao , Xu Youwei , Sun Mingshuai , Zhang Kui , Liu Qun
Published: May 2022

In the world, more than 80% of the fisheries by numbers and about half of the catches have not been formally analyzed and evaluated due to limited data. It has led to the fast growth of data-poor evaluation methods. There have been various studies carried out on the comparative performance of data-poor and data-moderate methods in evaluating fishery exploitation status. However, most studies to date have focused on coastal fish stocks with simple data sources. It is important to pay attention to high sea fisheries because they are exploited by multiple countries, fishing gears and data may be divrsified and inconsistent. Furthermore, a comparison of the performance of catch-based, length-based, and abundance-based methods to estimate fishery status is needed. This study is the first attempt to apply catch-based, length-based, and abundance-based data-poor methods to stock assessment for an oceanic tuna fishery and to compare the performance with a data-moderate model. Results showed that the three data-poor methods with various types of data did not produce an entirely consistent stock status of the southern Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga) fishery in 2005, as the estimated B2005/BMSY ranged from 0.688 to 1.3 and F2005/FMSY ranged from 0.708 to 1.6. The Monte Carlo Catch maximum sustainable yield model (CMSY) produced a similar time series of B/BMSY and F/FMSY and stock status (recovering) to the Bayesian state-space Schaefer model (BSM). The abundance-based method (AMSY) gave the most conservative condition (overfished) of this fishery. Sensitivity analysis showed the results of the length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method (LBB) are sensitive to Linf settings, and the results with higher Linf were similar to those of other models. However, the LBB results with setting Linf at lower levels produced more optimistic conditions (healthy). Our results highlight that attention should be paid to the settings of model parameter priors and different trends implied in various types of data when using these data-poor methods.
Serum Metabolomics Benefits Discrimination Kidney Disease Development in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Peng Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaoyi , Shao Xue , Wang Yucheng , Feng Shi , Wang Cuili , Ye Cunqi , Chen Jianghua , Jiang Hong
Published: May 2022

Background

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease, raising a considerable burden worldwide. Recognizing novel biomarkers by metabolomics can shed light on new biochemical insight to benefit DKD diagnostics and therapeutics. We hypothesized that serum metabolites can serve as biomarkers in the progression of DKD.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 1,043 plasma metabolites by untargeted LC/MS among 89 participants identified associations between proteinuria severity and metabolites difference. Pathway analysis from differently expressed metabolites was used to determine perturbed metabolism pathways. The results were replicated in an independent, cross-sectional cohort of 83 individuals. Correlation and prediction values were used to examine the association between plasma metabolites level and proteinuria amount.

Results

Diabetes, and diabetic kidney disease with different ranges of proteinuria have shown different metabolites patterns. Cysteine and methionine metabolism pathway, and Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway were distinguishable in the existence of DKD in DC (diabetes controls without kidney disease), and DKD with different ranges of proteinuria. Two interesting tetrapeptides (Asn-Met-Cys-Ser and Asn-Cys-Pro-Pro) circulating levels were elevated with the DKD proteinuria progression.

Conclusions

These findings underscore that serum metabolomics provide us biochemical perspectives to identify some clinically relevant physiopathologic biomarkers of DKD progression.
Functional Phenotypes of Peritoneal Macrophages Upon AMD3100 Treatment During Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wu Shuai , Luo Weiwei , Wu Xing , Shen Zhaohua , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: May 2022

CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. AMD3100 is the most frequently used FDA-approved antagonist that targets the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in clinical trials. We aimed to explore the role of AMD3100 and its effect on peritoneal macrophages' functional phenotypes during colitis-associated tumorigenesis. We treated AMD3100 in a colitis-associated colon cancer mouse model and evaluated its effect on tumorigenesis. The phagocytosis activities of peritoneal macrophages were measured by flow cytometry. The proportions of macrophages and M1/M2 subpopulations were investigated by flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunochemistry. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by LEGENDplex™ kits. Transwell assay and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the direct effect of CXCL12 on macrophages in vitro. We demonstrated that AMD3100 treatment reduced the inflammatory damages in the colonic mucosal and ameliorated tumor development in experimental mice. We found that the phagocytosis activities of peritoneal macrophages fluctuated during colitis-associated tumorigenesis. The proportions of peritoneal macrophages and M1/M2 subpopulations, together with their metabolite and cytokines, changed dynamically in the process. Moreover, AMD3100 regulated the functional phenotypes of macrophages, including reducing the recruiting activity, promoting polarization to the M1 subpopulation, and reducing IL-12 and IL-23 levels in serum. Our study contributes to understanding dynamic changes of peritoneal macrophages upon AMD3100 treatment during tumorigenesis and sheds light on the potential therapeutic target of AMD3100 and peritoneal macrophages against colitis-associated colon cancer.
Recent Trends of Microbiota-Based Microbial Metabolites Metabolism in Liver Disease
Authors: Ganesan Raja , Jeong Jin-Ju , Kim Dong Joon , Suk Ki Tae
Published: May 2022

The gut microbiome and microbial metabolomic influences on liver diseases and their diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are still controversial. Research studies have provocatively claimed that the gut microbiome, metabolomics understanding, and microbial metabolite screening are key approaches to understanding liver cancer and liver diseases. An advance of logical innovations in metabolomics profiling, the metabolome inclusion, challenges, and the reproducibility of the investigations at every stage are devoted to this domain to link the common molecules across multiple liver diseases, such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. These molecules are not immediately recognizable because of the huge underlying and synthetic variety present inside the liver cellular metabolome. This review focuses on microenvironmental metabolic stimuli in the gut-liver axis. Microbial small-molecule profiling (i.e., semiquantitative monitoring, metabolic discrimination, target profiling, and untargeted profiling) in biological fluids has been incompletely addressed. Here, we have reviewed the differential expression of the metabolome of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan, one-carbon metabolism and bile acid, and the gut microbiota effects are summarized and discussed. We further present proof-of-evidence for gut microbiota-based metabolomics that manipulates the host's gut or liver microbes, mechanosensitive metabolite reactions and potential metabolic pathways. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future attention to the “dark matter” of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolomics.
Invasive Infection With emm3/ST15 Streptococcus pyogenes: The First Case Report From China and Complete Genome Analysis
Authors: Mu Xinli , Wang Yanfei , Sun Lu , Zhao Shanshan , Jin Xi , Zhang Junli , Yu Yunsong , Wu Xueqing
Published: May 2022

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) may cause severe invasive disease with a high fatality rate, especially M3-type strains, which are less common in China. Here, we report the first emm3/ST15 invasive GAS infection case in China. The patient was diagnosed with severe skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) and septicaemia caused by one GAS strain. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the isolate was susceptible to all tested drugs. Antimicrobial therapy was then applied, and the patient fully recovered and was discharged from the hospital on Day 43. Whole-genome sequencing was carried out using the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms and revealed this to be the first emm3/ST15-type GAS invasive infection in China. The closely related emm3/ST15-type GAS strains are MGAS315 from the United States and M3-b from Japan. Our finding is a warning that we should pay attention to invasive M3-type GAS infections in China and indicates the global spread of the highly virulent emm3/ST15 GAS strain.
Bacterial Colonisation: From Airborne Dispersal to Integration Within the Soil Community
Authors: Malard Lucie A. , Pearce David A.
Published: May 2022

The deposition of airborne microorganisms into new ecosystems is the first stage of colonisation. However, how and under what circumstances deposited microorganisms might successfully colonise a new environment is still unclear. Using the Arctic snowpack as a model system, we investigated the colonisation potential of snow-derived bacteria deposited onto Arctic soils during and after snowmelt using laboratory-based microcosm experiments to mimic realistic environmental conditions. We tested different melting rate scenarios to evaluate the influence of increased precipitation as well as the influence of soil pH on the composition of bacterial communities and on the colonisation potential. We observed several candidate colonisations in all experiments; with a higher number of potentially successful colonisations in acidoneutral soils, at the average snowmelt rate measured in the Arctic. While the higher melt rate increased the total number of potentially invading bacteria, it did not promote colonisation (snow ASVs identified in the soil across multiple sampling days and still present on the last day). Instead, most potential colonists were not identified by the end of the experiments. On the other hand, soil pH appeared as a determinant factor impacting invasion and subsequent colonisation. In acidic and alkaline soils, bacterial persistence with time was lower than in acidoneutral soils, as was the number of potentially successful colonisations. This study demonstrated the occurrence of potentially successful colonisations of soil by invading bacteria. It suggests that local soil properties might have a greater influence on the colonisation outcome than increased precipitation or ecosystem disturbance.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Novel 13-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine in Healthy Chinese Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Zhao Yuliang , Li Guohua , Xia Shengli , Ye Qiang , Yuan Lin , Li Hong , Li Jiangjiao , Chen Jingjing , Yang Shuyuan , Jiang Zhiwei , Zhao Guoqing , Li Rongcheng , Li Yanping , Xia Jielai , Huang Zhen
Published: May 2022

Background

To determine the non-inferiority of the seven common serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) with each serotype conjugated to a tetanus toxoid carrier protein and adsorbed on aluminum phosphate and the superiority of its six additional serotypes (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F, and 19A) to the serotypes in the PCV7.

Methods

Participants were evenly randomized in a 1:1 ratio into either the PCV13 or PCV7 groups, to receive three doses of the vaccine at the age of 3, 4, and 5 months, respectively, and a booster dose between 12 and 15 months of age. Serotype-specific antibodies were measured using a standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) microcolony assay method.

Results

A total of 1,040 healthy infants were enrolled. All the seven common serotypes in the PCV13 were non-inferior to those in the PCV7 in terms of the serotype-specific IgG production induced; however, non-inferiority was not shown for serotype 6B after the infant series. The proportion of subjects who reached OPA antibody titers ≥ 1:8 in the PCV13 group was 89.25% or higher. Local reactions and systemic events were mild or moderate in severity and similar between the two groups. No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusion

The newly developed PCV13 was immunogenic for all serotypes and had a comparable safety profile to the marketed PCV7.
Theta Activity During Encoding Interacts With NREM Sleep Oscillations to Predict Memory Generalization
Authors: Gibson Tamara , Cross Zachariah R. , Chatburn Alex
Published: May 2022

Relatively little is known regarding the interaction between encoding-related neural activity and sleep-based memory consolidation. One suggestion is that a function of encoding-related theta power may be to “tag” memories for subsequent processing during sleep. This study aimed to extend previous work on the relationships between sleep spindles, slow oscillation-spindle coupling, and task-related theta activity with a combined Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) and nap paradigm. This allowed us to examine the influence of task- and sleep-related oscillatory activity on the recognition of both encoded list words and associative theme words. Thirty-three participants (29 females, mean age = 23.2 years) learned and recognised DRM lists separated by either a 2 h wake or sleep period. Mixed-effects modelling revealed the sleep condition endorsed more associative theme words and fewer list words in comparison to the wake group. Encoding-related theta power was also found to influence sleep spindle density, and this interaction was predictive of memory outcomes. The influence of encoding-related theta was specific to sleep spindle density, and did not appear to influence the strength of slow oscillation-spindle coupling as it relates to memory outcomes. The finding of interactions between wakeful and sleep oscillatory-related activity in promoting memory and learning has important implications for theoretical models of sleep-based memory consolidation.
The Embodiment of Architectural Experience: A Methodological Perspective on Neuro-Architecture
Authors: Wang Sheng , Sanches de Oliveira Guilherme , Djebbara Zakaria , Gramann Klaus
Published: May 2022

People spend a large portion of their time inside built environments. Research in neuro-architecture—the neural basis of human perception of and interaction with the surrounding architecture—promises to advance our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying this common human experience and also to inspire evidence-based architectural design principles. This article examines the current state of the field and offers a path for moving closer to fulfilling this promise. The paper is structured in three sections, beginning with an introduction to neuro-architecture, outlining its main objectives and giving an overview of experimental research in the field. Afterward, two methodological limitations attending current brain-imaging architectural research are discussed: the first concerns the limited focus of the research, which is often restricted to the aesthetic dimension of architectural experience; the second concerns practical limitations imposed by the typical experimental tools and methods, which often require participants to remain stationary and prevent naturalistic interaction with architectural surroundings. Next, we propose that the theoretical basis of ecological psychology provides a framework for addressing these limitations and motivates emphasizing the role of embodied exploration in architectural experience, which encompasses but is not limited to aesthetic contemplation. In this section, some basic concepts within ecological psychology and their convergences with architecture are described. Lastly, we introduce Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) as one emerging brain imaging approach with the potential to improve the ecological validity of neuro-architecture research. Accordingly, we suggest that combining theoretical and conceptual resources from ecological psychology with state-of-the-art neuroscience methods (Mobile Brain/Body Imaging) is a promising way to bring neuro-architecture closer to accomplishing its scientific and practical goals.
Electrophysiological Markers of Fairness and Selfishness Revealed by a Combination of Dictator and Ultimatum Games
Authors: Miraghaie Ali M. , Pouretemad Hamidreza , Villa Alessandro E. P. , Mazaheri Mohammad A. , Khosrowabadi Reza , Lintas Alessandra
Published: May 2022

Individual behavior during financial decision making is motivated by fairness, but an unanswered question from previous studies is whether particular patterns of brain activity correspond to different profiles of fairness. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 39 participants who played the role of allocators in a Dictator Game (DG) and responders in an Ultimatum Game (UG). Two very homogeneous groups were formed by fair and selfish individuals. At fronto-central cortical sites, the latency of ERP early negativity (N1) was 10 ms shorter in selfish participants than in fair participants. In fair DG players, the subsequent positive wave P2 suggested that more cognitive resources were required when they allocated the least gains to the other party. P2 latency and amplitude in the selfish group supported the hypothesis that these participants tended to maximize their profit. During UG, we observed that medial frontal negativity (MFN) occurred earlier and with greater amplitude when selfish participants rejected less favorable endowment shares. In this case, all players received zero payoffs, which showed that MFN in selfish participants was associated with a spiteful punishment. At posterior-parietal sites, we found that the greater the selfishness, the greater the amplitude of the late positive component (LPC). Our results bring new evidence to the existence of specific somatic markers associated with the activation of distinct cerebral circuits by the evaluation of fair and unfair proposals in participants characterized by different expressions of perceived fairness, thus suggesting that a particular brain dynamics could be associated with moral decisions.
Persistence and Exposure Assessment of Insecticide Indoxacarb Residues in Vegetables
Authors: Patra Sandip , Das Anupam , Rakshit Rajiv , Choudhury Suborna Roy , Roy Shyamashree , Mondal Tilak , Samanta Arunava , Ganguly Pritam , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Gaber Ahmed , Brestic Marian , Skalicky Milan , Hossain Akbar
Published: May 2022

Indoxacarb, a promising new generation insecticide, is gaining popularity among vegetable growers in West Bengal, India, for controlling a large number of insects. However, it may simultaneously also increase the risk of contamination in the edible portions of the vegetables. This study was planned to analyze the persistence behavior of indoxacarb in cabbages, tomatoes, and soil. Moreover, indoxacarb residue contents were estimated to assess both the dietary and soil ecological risks associated with the application of the same. The experimental location was important because West Bengal is the leading vegetables producing state in India. Indoxacarb was found to dissipate quickly with a half-life ranging between 1.55 and 2.76 days, irrespective of the vegetable, dose, and season, and the safe waiting period was very less. The findings indicate that both vegetables can be safely consumed 1 day after the final spray. However, the risk to soil algae is predicted to be unacceptably high, which needs to be studied extensively.
Clinical Significance of Early Carcinoembryonic Antigen Change in Patients With Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jo Younghoo , Lee Jae-Hoon , Cho Eun-Suk , Lee Hye Sun , Shin Su-Jin , Park Eun Jung , Baik Seung Hyuk , Lee Kang Young , Kang Jeonghyun
Published: May 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative, postoperative, and trajectory changes in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who underwent surgical resection for nonmetastatic CRC. The optimal cutoff values of preoperative CEA (CEA-pre), early postoperative CEA (CEA-post), and CEA level change (CEA-delta) were determined to maximize the differences in overall survival (OS) among groups. The patients were divided into three groups according to CEA-trend: normal, low CEA-pre; normalized, high CEA-pre/low CEA-post; elevated, high CEA-pre/high CEA-post. The integrated area under the curve (iAUC) was used to compare the discriminatory power of all variables.

Results

A total of 1019 patients diagnosed with stage I–III CRC were enrolled. The optimal cutoff values of CEA level were determined as 2.3 ng/mL for CEA-pre, 2.3 ng/mL for CEA-post, and -0.93 ng/mL for CEA-delta. Although subgroup dichotomization showed that CEA-pre, CEA-post, CEA-delta, and CEA-trend were all associated with OS in univariate analysis, CEA-trend was the only independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. The iAUC of CEA-trend was superior to that of CEA-pre, CEA-post, and CEA-delta. Compared with the normal group, the normalized group showed worse OS (p=.0007) in stage II patients but similar OS (p=.067) in stage III patients.

Conclusion

The optimal cutoff value of CEA level in the preoperative and postoperative periods was determined to be 2.3 ng/mL, and the combination of CEA-pre and CEA-post showed better prognostic stratification. However, its prognostic significance may differ depending on the CRC stage.
Case Report: A Very Low Birth Weight Female Infant With Congenital Bilateral Periventricular Leukomalacia, Born to a Mother With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Kobata Keisuke , Yutaka Nanae , Ogasawara Hiroshi , Mima Aya , Suzuki Kaho , Hazama Ryoichi , Goldman Ran D. , Nabetani Makoto
Published: May 2022

A 26-year-old primipara woman with COVID-19 performed an emergency Cesarean section due to further hypoxemia at 28 weeks 5/7 days gestation. The female neonate was born weighing 1,347 gram with an Apgar score of four at 1 min, three at 5 min, and eight at 10 min. RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 were performed at birth, 24 h, and 48 h after birth, all of which were negative. On head ultrasound bilateral cystic lesions were found in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles at birth. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test at 56 days of life (corrected 36 weeks and 6/7 days) revealed cystic lesions with T1 low signal, T2 high signal, and T2 Flair high signal around the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and We diagnose it as Grade 2 periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). She was discharged on day 64 of life, with no abnormality on exam. While the majority of neonates born to women with COVID-19 during pregnancy have favorable outcome, we report a case of a neonate with Grade 2 periventricular leukomalacia and this should prompt clinicians to monitor fetal cerebral function and structure shortly after birth.
Medical Cannabis Activity Against Inflammation: Active Compounds and Modes of Action
Authors: Anil Seegehalli M. , Peeri Hadar , Koltai Hinanit
Published: May 2022

Inflammation often develops from acute, chronic, or auto-inflammatory disorders that can lead to compromised organ function. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) has been used to treat inflammation for millennia, but its use in modern medicine is hampered by a lack of scientific knowledge. Previous studies report that cannabis extracts and inflorescence inhibit inflammatory responses in vitro and in pre-clinical and clinical trials. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a modulator of immune system activity, and dysregulation of this system is involved in various chronic inflammations. This system includes cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in endocannabinoid metabolism. Cannabis produces a large number of phytocannabinoids and numerous other biomolecules such as terpenes and flavonoids. In multiple experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo, several phytocannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), exhibit activity against inflammation. These phytocannabinoids may bind to ECS and/or other receptors and ameliorate various inflammatory-related diseases by activating several signaling pathways. Synergy between phytocannabinoids, as well as between phytocannabinoids and terpenes, has been demonstrated. Cannabis activity can be improved by selecting the most active plant ingredients (API) while eliminating parts of the whole extract. Moreover, in the future cannabis components might be combined with pharmaceutical drugs to reduce inflammation.
FeSe and the Missing Electron Pocket Problem
Authors: Rhodes Luke C. , Eschrig Matthias , Kim Timur K. , Watson Matthew D.
Published: May 2022

The nature and origin of electronic nematicity remains a significant challenge in our understanding of the iron-based superconductors. This is particularly evident in the iron chalcogenide, FeSe, where it is currently unclear how the experimentally determined Fermi surface near the M point evolves from having two electron pockets in the tetragonal state, to exhibiting just a single electron pocket in the nematic state. This has posed a major theoretical challenge, which has become known as the missing electron pocket problem of FeSe, and is of central importance if we wish to uncover the secrets behind nematicity and superconductivity in the wider iron-based superconductors. Here, we review the recent experimental work uncovering this nematic Fermi surface of FeSe from both ARPES and STM measurements, as well as current theoretical attempts to explain this missing electron pocket of FeSe, with a particular focus on the emerging importance of incorporating thedxyorbital into theoretical descriptions of the nematic state. Furthermore, we will discuss the consequence this missing electron pocket has on the theoretical understanding of superconductivity in this system and present several remaining open questions and avenues for future research.
Genetic Mapping and QTL Analysis of Stigma Color in Melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Lv Yuanzuo , Gao Peng , Liu Shi , Fang Xufeng , Zhang Taifeng , Liu Tai , Amanullah Sikandar , Wang Xinying , Luan Feishi
Published: May 2022

Melon is an important Cucurbitaceae crop. Field observations had shown that the green stigmas of melon are more attractive to pollinators than yellow stigmas. In this study, F2 and F2:3 populations obtained by crossing MR-1 (green stigma) and M4-7 (yellow stigma) were used for genetic analysis and mapping. A genetic map of 1,802.49 cm was constructed with 116 cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) markers. Two stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to the trait of stigma color were identified on chromosomes 2 (SC2.1) and 8 (SC8.1), respectively. An expanded F2 population was used to narrow down the confidence regions of SC2.1 and SC8.1. As a result, SC2.1 was further mapped to a 3.6 cm region between CAPS markers S2M3 and S2B1-3, explaining 9.40% phenotypic variation. SC8.1 was mapped to a 3.7-cm region between CAPS markers S8E7 and S8H-1, explaining 25.92% phenotypic variation. This study broadens our understanding of the mechanisms of stigma color regulation and will be of benefit to the breeding of melon.
Global Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Molecular Regulation Mechanism of Pigment and Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism During the Stigma Development of Carya cathayensis
Authors: Xing Yulin , Wang Ketao , Huang Chunying , Huang Jianqin , Zhao Yirui , Si Xiaolin , Li Yan
Published: May 2022

Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is a monoecious plant of the genus Carya of the Juglandaceae family. Its nuts contain a number of nutritional compounds and are deeply loved by consumers. Interestingly, it was observed that the color of hickory stigma changed obviously from blooming to mature. However, the molecular mechanism underlying color formation during stigma development and the biological significance of this phenomenon was mostly unknown. In this work, pigment content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal capacity, and transcriptome analysis of developing stigma of hickory at 4 differential sampling time points (S1, S2, S3, and S4) were performed to reveal the dynamic changes of related pigment, antioxidant capacity, and its internal molecular regulatory mechanism. It was found that total chlorophyll content was decreased slightly from S1 to S4, while total carotenoids content was increased from S1 to S3 but decreased gradually from S3 to S4. Total anthocyanin content continued to increase during the four periods of stigma development, reaching the highest level at the S4. Similarly, the antioxidant capacity of stigma was also gradually improved from S1 to S4. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of developing hickory stigma identified 31,027 genes. Time-series analysis of gene expressions showed that these genes were divided into 12 clusters. Cluster 5 was enriched with some genes responsible for porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid metabolism, and photosynthesis. Meanwhile, cluster 10 was enriched with genes related to flavonoid metabolism, including anthocyanin involved in ROS scavenging, and its related genes were mainly distributed in cluster 12. Based on the selected threshold values, a total of 10432 differentially expressed genes were screened out and enriched in the chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and ROS metabolism. The expression trends of these genes provided plausible explanations for the dynamic change of color and ROS level of hickory stigma with development. qRT-PCR analyses were basically consistent with the results of RNA-seq. The gene co-regulatory networks of pigment and ROS metabolism were further constructed and MYB113 (CCA0887S0030) and WRKY75 (CCA0573S0068) were predicted to be two core transcriptional regulators. These results provided in-depth evidence for revealing the molecular mechanism of color formation in hickory stigma and its biological significance.
Experiences of Discrimination and Everyday Racism Among Children and Adolescents With an Immigrant Background – Results of a Systematic Literature Review on the Impact of Discrimination on the Developmental Outcomes of Minors Worldwide
Authors: Metzner Franka , Adedeji Adekunle , Wichmann Michelle L.-Y. , Zaheer Zernila , Schneider Lisa , Schlachzig Laura , Richters Julia , Heumann Susanne , Mays Daniel
Published: May 2022

Experiences of discrimination such as everyday racism can negatively affect the mental and physical health of children and adolescents with an immigrant background and impair their integration process in the host societies. Although experiences of racism are part of the everyday life of many minors affected by the process of “Othering” (e.g., those with an immigrant background), an overview of empirical findings is missing for this age group worldwide. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyze international research on the impact of discrimination on the developmental outcomes and integration of immigrant children and adolescents. Three scientific databases were systematically searched up to June 11, 2021. A total ofk= 4,769 identified publications were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in terms of the PICOS format by independent reviewers. Thirty-four primary studies published between 1998 and 2021 met all inclusion criteria. The samples examined were mainly migrant youth (k= 30), with onlyk= 2 studies assessing refugee youth andk= 1 study assessing both migrant and refugee youth. The majority of included studies assessed perceived discrimination, with onlyk= 1 study directly assessing experiences of racism. The association between discrimination or racism and developmental outcomes was assessed by the included studies within the three main topics of (a) mental and physical health-related outcomes (k= 30, e.g., self-esteem, depressive symptoms), (b) school-related outcomes (k= 6, e.g., academic achievement), and (c) other developmental outcomes (k= 13, e.g., misconduct or delinquency). Data collection procedures were implemented, and findings on minors’ developmental outcomes and integration process who experience discrimination and racism were summarized and discussed. The current review suggests experienced (racial) discrimination as a negative predictor of children and adolescents’ (mental) health-related outcomes, while no clear results could be found for the association between discrimination and school-related outcomes. A need for more empirical research focusing on the path and (possibly) indirect link between discrimination and children and adolescents’ school-related outcomes as well as resulting school recommendations and the chosen career path was derived.

Systematic Review Registration

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=260291], identifier [CRD42021260291].
Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes From the Perspective of Moral Culture: A Study of College Students
Authors: Hu Wen
Published: May 2022

Although the issue of moral identity and morality is under investigation for the last many years, there is still a need to investigate its role in how it promotes behavior. This study tends to extend this string of literature and attempted to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning among the elements of moral culture, prosocial behavior, and psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, college students were selected as participants in this study. For this purpose, a two-wave strategy was followed to collect data. In the first wave of questionnaire distribution, 600 college students were contacted to complete the response. A hidden secret code was allotted to each questionnaire to trace the respondent for the second wave. From the distributed 600 questionnaires, 507 questionnaires were received back. At this stage, demographic characteristics and questions related to both the independent variables were asked from the respondents. While in the next wave, 448 questionnaires were received back from the redistributed questionnaires in the second wave. After discarding the incomplete and partially filled questionnaires (17 questionnaires) there were left 431 useable responses. These responses were used to run the tests through structural equation modeling (SEM) through assessment of measurement and structural model. Results indicate that symbolization promotes positive changes in the psychological wellbeing of the students and prosocial behavior of the college students. Moreover, internalization can promote psychological wellbeing. However, the impact of internalization on the prosocial behavior of college students has not been found statistically significant. Moreover, it can be safely concluded that moral reasoning has the potency to mediate the relationship of symbolization and psychological wellbeing as well as prosocial behavior. Moral reasoning also mediates the relationship between internalization and psychological well-being and prosocial behavior.
Origin and Development of Moral Sense: A Systematic Review
Authors: Limone Pierpaolo , Toto Giusi Antonia
Published: May 2022

The literature suggests that the moral sense is based on innate abilities. In fact, it has been shown that children show the capacity for moral discernment, emotions and prosocial motivations from an early age. However, the moral sense is a complex construct of an evolutionary and social nature that evolves under the influence of interpersonal relationships. The emergence and development of moral sense is a challenge that has prompted many research studies with the aim of achieving a clear comprehension of moral development. However, success has been scarce, and studies relevant to this subject are limited. Thus, a systematic review of studies relevant to this topic was conducted to clearly establish how moral sense emerges and develops. An Ovid search was conducted to retrieve relevant items for this systematic review. The databases that were electronically visited are Cross-reference, Google Scholar and PubMed. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were imposed on the retrieved items to retain only relevant resources. Twenty-six studies were found valid for inclusion in this systematic review. The results of these studies were presented differently: In order to effectively analyze the selected papers and bring out the results more clearly, a categorization of the approaches adopted in the studies was carried out. The approaches identified were: “Natural Moral Sense,” “Social Relationships and Moral Development,” and “Environmental Factors and Moral Development.” The evidence that emerged from the analysis of the papers was collected to produce a general basic model that explains moral development while also serving as a link between the various studies. First, moral sense is found to be innate in humans; individuals can naturally respond morally to various dilemmas. As seen among children and young infants, moral sense naturally exists. Second, it can be socially nurtured through social interactions and exposure to various environmental factors. Various research studies were reviewed in this systematic review to obtain a consensus on how moral sense emerges and develops. From the systematic review, the moral sense is found to be innate. However, moral development is fostered by social interactions and environmental factors.