bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing the effect of magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence on radiomic feature reproducibility in the study of brain metastases
Authors: Mitchell Drew , Buszek Samantha , Tran Benjamin , Farhat Maguy , Goldman Jodi , Erickson Lily , Curl Brandon , Suki Dima , Ferguson Sherise D. , Liu Ho-Ling , Kundu Suprateek , Chung Caroline
Published: August 2022

Background: Despite the promise of radiomics studies, their limited reproducibility has hindered meaningful clinical translation. Variability in study designs as well as image acquisition and processing contribute to unreproducible radiomic results. This work’s purpose was to (i) quantitatively compare variability of radiomic features extracted from 2-D spin echo (SE) and 3-D spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) T1-weighted post-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) images of brain metastases acquired within the same patient in a single imaging session, and (ii) provide a framework to inform data acquisition for reproducible radiomics studies.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 29 patients with pathologically-confirmed brain metastases and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images acquired using 2-D SE and 3-D SPGR sequences within one exam was identified. Metastases were segmented twice by different physicians using semi-automated methods. Radiomic features were extracted using PyRadiomics for 264 preprocessing variable combinations. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was computed between features extracted from images acquired by both pulse sequences and different tumor segmentations.

Results: We provided general recommendations to improve MR-based radiomic feature reproducibility by clustering and identifying low-concordance features and processing variables. Median CCC between 2-D SE and 3-D SPGR (measuring feature agreement between pulse sequences) was greater for fixed bin count intensity discretization (0.76 versus 0.63) and specific high-concordance features (0.74  versus 0.53). Applying all recommendations improved median CCC from 0.51 to 0.79. Median CCC between contours (measuring feature sensitivity to inter-observer variability) was higher for 2-D SE (0.93 versus 0.86) but improved to 0.93 for 3-D SPGR after low-concordance feature exclusion.

Conclusions: The following recommendations are proposed to improve reproducibility: 1) Fixed bin count intensity discretization for all studies, 2) for studies with 2-D and 3-D datasets, excluding high-variability features from downstream analyses, 3) when segmentation is manual or semi-automated, using only 2-D SE images or excluding features susceptible to segmentation variability.
Factors related to university teaching that influence academic success of international medical students in China
Authors: Jiang Qinxu , Horta Hugo , Yuen Mantak
Published: August 2022

Background: Academic success of international medical students enrolled in Chinese universities is of great significance, because it directly influences their performance in the license exam and in obtaining a job. Insufficient research has been conducted on academics’ awareness of factors related to teaching that affect their students’ academic success. 

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics (N=36) from November 2020 to January 2021 at two medical universities in China. Each interview, lasting between 30 to 70-min, was audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. 

Results: The important teaching factors that academics perceived to influence the success of students are: (i) style of pedagogy, (ii) addressing students’ language difficulties and differences, (iii) teaching resources management, (iv) attributes of the academics, (v) supervision and guidance by the academics, (vi) rapport between the academic and student, (vii) linking teaching content to license exams, (viii) classroom discipline management, and (ix) assessment style.

Conclusions: University faculties and departments that are involved in teaching international medical students need to ensure that academic staff are provided with ongoing professional development and resources to enhance teaching quality. The nine areas identified above should provide priority topics for such staff training.
On the Structure of Decision Diagram–Representable Mixed-Integer Programs with Application to Unit Commitment
Authors: Salemi Hosseinali , Davarnia Danial
Published: August 2022

Despite the successful applications of decision diagrams (DDs) to solve various classes of integer programs in the literature, the question of which mixed-integer structures admit a DD representation remains open. The present work addresses this question by developing both necessary and sufficient conditions for a mixed-integer program to be DD-representable through identification of certain rectangular formations in the underlying sets. This so-called rectangularization framework is applicable to all bounded mixed-integer linear programs, providing a notable extension of the DD domain to continuous problems. As an application, the paper uses the developed methods to solve stochastic unit commitment problems in energy systems. Computational experiments conducted on benchmark instances show that the DD approach uniformly and significantly outperforms the existing solution methods and modern solvers. The proposed methodology opens new pathways to solving challenging mixed-integer programs in energy systems more efficiently.
O debate Perrin-Donovan e a revolução química de Lavoisier: reflexões kuhnianas e implicações no ensino de ciências/química
Authors: Raicik Anabel Cardoso , Gonçalves Fábio Peres
Published: August 2022

Este artigo traz distintos pontos de vista entre uma revolução química primordialmente epistemológica, com ideias de Arthur Donovan, e uma fundamentalmente conceitual, com noções de Carl Perrin, envolvendo o flogisto e o químico Lavoisier. Além disso, analisa em que sentido essas compreensões podem ser entendidas a partir do conceito de revolução científica de Thomas Kuhn e visa subsidiar a atuação e formação de docentes de ciências em possíveis abordagens histórico-filosóficas acerca do tema. Esse resgate junto a interlocuções kuhnianas pode ser esclarecedor para se compreender que mudanças paradigmáticas não envolvem, necessariamente, uma descontinuidade radical, tampouco um processo abrupto.
Tradução do artigo Eigenart und Wandlungen physikalischer Erkenntnis (1965) de Paul Feyerabend
Authors: Velloso Rafael
Published: August 2022

Em 1965 o físico e filósofo austríaco publica um artigo entitulado Eigenart und Wandlungen physikalischer Erkenntnis (Peculiaridade e mudança no conhecimento físico), onde discute como critérios não epistêmicos, como a atitude daqueles que produzem conhecimento, influenciam no desenvolvimento de teorias físicas. O presente trabalho realiza uma tradução deste artigo de 1965, precedida de uma breve apresentação, onde é discutido como critérios como a atitude, a especulação filosófica e a pluralidade de ideias são questões importantes no pensamento de Feyerabend, nas quais ele vinha trabalhando desde seu primeira publicação profissional, em 1948.
Experimentos de Pensamento na Crise das Ciências Humanas e Sociais: Articulando Duas Ideias de Kuhn e o Utopianismo de Neurath
Authors: Da Cunha Ivan Ferreira
Published: August 2022

Kuhn considera que experimentos de pensamento têm uma função importante no desenvolvimento histórico das ciências por oferecerem oportunidades para comunidades científicas testarem os ajustes entre seus aparatos conceituais e o mundo, bem como para a reformulação do aparato conceitual. Em outro texto, Kuhn afirma que as ciências humanas enfrentam uma constante necessidade de reformular seus aparatos conceituais e reinterpretar seus fenômenos. Neste ensaio, articulo as duas ideias para sugerir que certas áreas das ciências humanas e sociais poderiam se beneficiar de uma metodologia que incluísse exercícios imaginativos como é o caso do utopianismo científico de Otto Neurath.
Ciência normal baseada em regras ou ciência normal baseada em paradigmas? As abordagens conflitantes dos capítulos 4 e 5 de A estrutura das revoluções científicas
Authors: Pirozelli Paulo
Published: August 2022

No quarto capítulo de A estrutura das revoluções científicas, Thomas Kuhn descreve a ciência normal como uma atividade de resolução de quebra-cabeças. Entre as características que permitiriam aproximar a ciência normal dos quebra-cabeças estaria o fato de as soluções de problemas científicos precisarem seguir regras específicas, como o uso de determinadas generalizações, instrumentos, compromissos metafísicos e valores. Contudo, ao final desse mesmo capítulo e especialmente no seguinte, Kuhn rejeita o paralelo anteriormente formulado: a ciência normal, agora, não seria caracterizada pela utilização de regras, e sim guiada diretamente por paradigmas. Como conciliar essas duas visões aparentemente conflitantes sobre a natureza da ciência normal? Neste trabalho, discuto algumas explicações sobre a origem de tal tensão, em particular a descrição de Hoyningen-Huene sobre as etapas de escrita da Estrutura. A partir daí, considero uma possível solução para esta dificuldade, que aponta para o caráter público da atividade científica. Segundo argumento, os paradigmas nem sempre são capazes de fornecer critérios de decisões claros; nesse caso, as regras compartilhadas poderiam funcionar — de maneira parcial e provisória — como instrumentos para transmissão, discussão e avaliação dos paradigmas.
Roles and responsibilities of the community palliative care key worker: a scoping review
Authors: Hasson Felicity , Betts Maria , Shannon Christine , Fee Anne
Published: August 2022

This article illustrates the completion of a scoping review of the evidence relating to the role of the palliative care key worker, providing an insight into current literature. While advocated in international and national policies, the evidence underpinning this role is lacking, with only five empirical papers: two national and three international. The review identifies the need for the key worker role in palliative care; however, little consensus exists on who should adopt this role and their remits. Several implementation barriers are cited relating to communication and training. Further research on the development, implementation and consensus on the allocation of duties of the key worker role would expand the existing evidence base.
Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China
Authors: RUAN YONGYING , KONSTANTINOV ALEXANDER S. , DAMAŠKA ALBERT F.
Published: August 2022

The species name Cangshanaltica fuanensis, previously published in Ruan et al. (2020), is invalid. In this paper, we described Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. from Fujian, China in order to fully meet the criteria for the publication of a new species according to the Amendment of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (2012).
SPARQL Generation with an NMT-based Approach
Authors: Lin Jia-Huei , Lu Eric Jui-Lin
Published: August 2022

SPARQL is a powerful query language which has been widely used in various natural language question answering (QA) systems. As the advances of deep neural networks, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models are employed to directly translate natural language questions to SPARQL queries in recent years. In this paper, we propose an NMT-based approach with Transformer model to generate SPARQL queries. Transformer model is chosen due to its relatively high efficiency and effectiveness. We design a format to encode a SPARQL query into a simple sequence with only RDF triples reserved. The main purpose of this step is to shorten the sequences and reduce the complexity of the target language. Moreover, we employ entity type tags to further resolve mistranslated problems. The proposed approach is evaluated against three open-domain question answering datasets (QALD-7, QALD-8, and LC-QuAD) on BLEU score and accuracy, and obtains outstanding results (83.49%, 90.13%, and 76.32% on BLEU score, respectively) which considerably outperform all known studies.
Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India
Authors: Plamoottil Mathews
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Plamoottil M. 2021. Heteropneustes fuscus (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India. Biodiversitas 22: 87-98. Heteropneustes fuscus, a new catfish species, is described from Kerala, India; it is a close congener of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) described from Tranquebar in Tamil Nadu. Heteropneustes fuscus has been misidentified as H. fossilis until now, but it differs from Bloch's species in color and many other rigid taxonomic variables. The new species can be distinguished from its relative species in the following combination of characters: deep black body and fins, 4-5 branched dorsal-fin soft rays, 72-75 anal fin rays, 58-60 total vertebrae, 26-32 total gill rakers; deeper and wider body; deeper caudal peduncle; greater pre occipital and post occipital distances and longer anal fin. The new fish is edible and found in freshwater rivers, streams, ponds and paddy fields in Kerala. It is also cultivated in some artificial impoundments. Heteropneustes fuscus is compared with its congeners, scientifically named and taxonomically described.
Diversity of phytoplankton in the whiteleg (Litopenaeus vannamei) shrimp ponds in the south coastal area of Pangandaran, Indonesia
Authors: Palupi Mustika , Fitriadi Ren , WIJAYA RUDI , RAHARJO PURWO , NURWAHYUNI RISA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Palupi M, Fitriadi R, Wijaya R, Raharjo P, Nurwahyuni R. 2021. Diversity of phytoplankton in the whiteleg (Litopenaeus vannamei) shrimp ponds in the south coastal area of ??Pangandaran, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 118-124. Intensive shrimp farming in ponds is characterized by high stocking densities, complete feeding in quality and quantity, and good environmental control to produce the maximum quantity of shrimp in a fixed area. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator affecting the productivity of whiteleg shrimp in ponds. Currently, intensive shrimp farming activity is carried out on the south coast of Java, which utilizes sandy soil with a biofloc system, but the production has not been optimal. The objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in the traditional and intensive whiteleg shrimp ponds in Pangandaran, West Java, to support sustainable pond management. The objective of the study was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index of planktons in intensive and traditional ponds. The study results showed that Chrysophyta division had the highest abundance and species number in both intensive and traditional ponds. The most abundant phytoplankton found in the intensive ponds was Halosphaera viridis (3143.88 ind/m3), and that in the traditional ponds was Rhizosolenia stolterfothi (1414.746 ind/m3). The phytoplankton diversity index (H') in the intensive ponds was 1.95 and that in the traditional ponds was 2.17. The dominance index value in the intensive ponds was 0.18 and in the traditional ponds 0.15. The abundance of phytoplankton is a limitation of the production success of whiteleg shrimp farming.
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metals and their effect on the growth of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott on gold mine tailings in Muara Bungo, Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: PUTRA BELA , WARLY LILI , EVITAYANI EVITAYANI , UTAMA BOPALION PEDI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Putra B, Warly L, Evitayani, Utama BP. 2021. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metals and their effect on the growth of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott on gold mine tailings in Muara Bungo, Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 478-485. The increase of heavy metal pollution in the soil results from human activities such as gold mining, which impacts human and environmental health problems. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and efficient solution to overcome environmental damage caused by heavy metal contamination. Inoculation of AMF in dwarf Napier grass can reduce the level of metal contaminants in soil and subsequently its absorption in plant tissue. This study investigates the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on dwarf Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) plant growth and heavy metal remediation rates. The experiment was a completely randomized design with 4 levels of AMF inoculation (0, 5, 10, and 15 g/pot) with 5 repetitions. After eight weeks of potting experiments, shoot and root biomass, plant growth, heavy metal content in potting media were assessed. The results revealed that AMF inoculation of 10 g/pot exhibited a higher growth yield of dwarf Napier grass compared to other treatments (plant height (p<0.01), leaf length (P<0.01), leaf width (P<0.01), stem diameter (P<0.01) and plant fresh weight (P<0.01)), but had no significant effect on the number of leaves and number of shoots (P>0.05). AMF (10 g/pot) significantly affected root growth of dwarf Napier grass (root length (P<0.01), number of roots (P<0.05), and root fresh weight (P<0.01)). The results also showed that AMF increased the uptake of Al, Co, Cr, and Fe significantly in the growing media (Al (P<0.01), Co (P<0.05), Cr (P<0.01), Fe (P<0.05) but no significant effect on Pb (P>0.05). This study concluded that AMF effectively increased the growth of dwarf Napier grass and reduced heavy metal contaminants on gold mines tailings.
Tree density impact on growth, roots length density, and yield in agroforestry based cocoa
Authors: SALEH ABDUL RAHIM , GUSLI SIKSTUS , ALA AMBO , NESWATI RISMA , SUDEWI SRI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Saleh AR, Gusli S, Ala A, Neswati R, Sudewi S. 2021. Tree density impact on growth, roots length density, and yield in agroforestry based cocoa. Biodiversitas 23: 496-506. Cocoa-based agroforestry systems using langsat trees as shade is aimed to maximize the absorptions of solar energy, water, and nutrients, and increase income sources for farmers. Limited information about interspecific interactions between cocoa and langsat which is needed to improve the performance of agroforestry systems is a challenging idea. We studied the relationship characteristics of cocoa trees as a present shaded effect in the agroforestry system. Compared agroforestry systems were based on ages, namely young and old cocoa agroforestry or YCAF and OCAF, and monoculture systems (Mono) regardless of plant age. On above stony soil, we observed root length density (RLD) of cocoa and langsat fine roots, from under cocoa canopy to three distance levels from the cocoa stem (i.e. at a distance 0.4 m, 1.2 m and, 1.7 m), and four distance depths for all systems (i.e. at a depth 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and, 30-40 cm). Stem diameter, basal area, canopy cover, yield cocoa beans, and convertible products non-cocoa were equivalent to the price of cocoa beans by tree equivalent yield (TEY) formula. Cocoa RLD in the Mono system did not differ from RLD-cocoa in the OCAF system, but both significantly differed with RLD-cocoa in the YCAF system. Shade trees increased tree density in both agroforestry systems, triggering competition in the canopy for sunlight. Expansion of langsat roots that spread closer to the cocoa trunk increased competition for nutrients and water. Both cocoa and langsat roots overlapped, exploring the same area. The yield of cocoa beans harvested by farmers from the YCAF and OCAF systems decreased by 50%. However, the langsat tree and several other species were accounted for 50% of the TEY in the agroforestry system, thereby adding a source of income to farmers is equivalent to the yield of cocoa beans from a monoculture system.
Multielectron effect in XUV light-driven strong-field ionization beyond the dipole approximation
Authors: Hu Yibo , Liu Kunlong , Ma Qiangfei , Lu Peixiang
Published: August 2022

By applying the time-dependent density-functional theory, we theoretically investigate the multielectron effect in the extreme UV (XUV) light-driven ionization of atoms and diatomic molecules beyond the dipole approximation. Compared to the theoretical results obtained in the single active electron approximation, the multielectron effect leads to more tilted photoelectron angular momentum distributions (PADs) toward the light propagation direction. According to our analysis, this might be due to photon momentum sharing between multiple electrons. Furthermore, we study the multielectron effect on the birth time delay phenomenon in the ionization of a hydrogen molecule. By extracting the interference minima of the PADs, we demonstrate that the birth time delay is hardly affected by the multielectron effect. The present work provides a better understanding of the association between the nondipole effect and the multielectron effect.
Event recognition method based on dual-augmentation for a Φ-OTDR system with a few training samples
Authors: Shi Yi , Dai Shangwei , Liu Xinyu , Zhang Yingchao , Wu Xinjie , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2022

Thanks to the development of machine learning and deep learning, data-driven pattern recognition based on neural network is a trend for Φ-OTDR system intrusion event recognition. The data-driven pattern recognition needs a large number of samples for training. However, in some scenarios, intrusion signals are difficult to collect, resulting in the lack of training samples. At the same time, labeling a large number of samples is also a very time-consuming work. This paper presents a few-shot learning classification method based on time series transfer and cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) data augmentation for Φ-OTDR system. By expanding the rare samples based on time series transfer and CycleGAN, the number of samples in the dataset can finally meet the requirement of network training. The experimental result shows that even when the training set has two minor classes with only two samples, the average accuracy of the validation set with 5 classification tasks can still reach 90.84%, and the classification accuracy of minor classes can reach 79.28% with the proposed method.
Strolling through a NISQ processor
Authors: Munro W. J. , Gong M. , Wang S. , Zha C. , Chen M.-C. , Huang H.-L. , Wu Y. , Zhu Q. , Zhao Y. , Li S. , Guo S. , Qian H. , Ye Y. , Chen F. , Ying C. , Yu J. , Fan D. , Wu D. , Su H. , Deng H. , Rong H. , Zhang K. , Cao S. , Lin J. , Xu Y. , Sun L. , Guo C. , Li N. , Liang F. , Bastidas V. M. , Nemoto Kae , Huo Y.-H. , Lu C.-Y. , Peng C.-Z. , Zhu X. , Pan J.-W.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate multi-particle quantum walks on a two-dimensional NISQ superconducting processor composed of sixty-two functional qubits. Programming the processor allows us to implement a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with interacting quantum walkers coherently traversing it.
Demonstration of a Model For Cavity-Enhanced Atomic Frequency Comb Quantum Memory
Authors: Taherizadegan Shahrzad , Davidson Jacob H. , Kumar Sourabh , Ghobadi Roohollah , Oblak Daniel , Simon Christoph
Published: August 2022

We develop a theoretical model for a cavity-enhanced atomic frequency comb quantum memory and demonstrate good agreement with experimental results.
Microwave Quantum Illumination with Feedback-enhanced Electro-opto-mechanical Transducers
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehri Sadat , Zippilli Stefano , Vitali David
Published: August 2022

We design a feedback scheme that can be used to operate efficiently a microwave quantum-illumination device based on electro-optomechanical systems also in regimes in which photon losses would, otherwise, prevent to outperform the optimal classical illumination protocol with the same transmitted energy.
On-demand single photon source integrated into a nanophotonic platform
Authors: Bekenstein R. , Knall E. N. , Knaut C. M. , Assumpcao D. R. , Stroganov P. L. , Gong W. , Huan Y. Q. , Stas P. -J. , Machielse B. , Chalupnik M. , Levonian D. , Suleymanzade A. , Riedinger R. , Park H. , Loncar M. , Bhaskar M. K. , Lukin M. D.
Published: August 2022

We generate streams of high purity single photons from a single atom-like defect in a diamond nanophotonic cavity demonstrating an integrable system for quantum information processing.
Low-Phase-Noise High-Power Diode Laser Systems for the STIRAP Transfer of Ultracold 6Li40K Molecules
Authors: Yang Anbang , Nie Xiaoyu , Avalos Pinillos Victor A. , He Canming , Kumar Sunil , Botsi Sofia , Dieckmann Kai
Published: August 2022

We investigate the phase noise properties of our Raman laser system for its application in the coherent ground state transfer of LiK polar molecules and discuss recent improvements.
Shaping Biphoton Spectral Correlations with Orbital Angular Momentum Fiber Modes
Authors: Liu Xiao , Kim Dong Beom , Lorenz Virginia O. , Ramachandran Siddharth
Published: August 2022

We leverage large channel-count optical fibers supporting orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes to show that near-infrared to telecom photon pairs can be engineered to have arbitrary correlations by choice of mode combinations.
Non-Reciprocal Amplification of Light Using Cold Atoms Coupled to a Nanophotonic Waveguide
Authors: Liedl C. , Pucher S. , Jin S. , Rauschenbeutel A. , Schneeweiss P.
Published: August 2022

We experimentally demonstrate non-reciprocal Raman amplification of light using atoms coupled to a nanofiber by employing the spin-momentum locking inherent to this system. Furthermore, we can set the amplification direction by the spin state in which the atoms are prepared.
Highly Excited Atom Interactions with an Optical Nanofiber
Authors: Vylegzhanin Alexey , Raj Aswathy , Brown Dylan , Chormaic Síle Nic
Published: August 2022

We perform the excitation of cold 87Rb atoms to Rydberg levels next to an optical nanofiber to exploit such an interface for use in quantum information processing.
Ultrahigh Vacuum Surface Chemistry For Nanoscale Sensors In Diamond
Authors: Yuan Zhiyang , Rodgers Lila V. H. , Rovny Jared , Sangtawesin Sorawis , Srinivasan Srikanth , Allred James , de Leon Nathalie P. , Gumann Patryk
Published: August 2022

We have constructed a unique cluster tool for surface preparation and spectroscopy in ultrahigh vacuum combined with cryogenic, confocal microscopy of single nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. We modify the diamond surface chemistry and investigate shallow nitrogen vacancy center properties in situ.
General stabilizer approach for constructing highly entangled graph states
Authors: Raissi Zahra , Burchardt Adam , Barnes Edwin
Published: August 2022

We uncover a large class of graph states that are maximally multipartite entangled. At least some of these are inequivalent under stochastic-local-operations and classical communication, as we show explicitly for a certain hierarchical subset.
Quantum-Inspired Terahertz Sensing
Authors: Kutas Mirco , Haase Björn Erik , Riexinger Felix , Hennig Joshua , Pfeiffer Tobias , Molter Daniel , von Freymann Georg
Published: August 2022

Quantum-inspired terahertz sensing using nonlinear interferometers enables detection of terahertz spectral properties while only measuring visible light, which never interacted with the sample. Applications in spectroscopy and thickness determination are presented.
Building a Stylus Trap in a Deep Parabolic Mirror to Study and Control Quantum Jumps in Ba138+
Authors: Thomas Carl , Liteanu Jocelin , Tchaikovski Daniel , Blinov Boris
Published: August 2022

Characterizing time dynamics of atomic transitions has implications for fundamental physics and quantum control. We present a design for an ion trap in a high numerical aperture parabolic mirror to study and reverse quantum jumps.
Quantum MIMO: A Framework for Entanglement Distribution in Spatial Multipath Channels
Authors: Sayeed Akbar M.
Published: August 2022

A framework is proposed for distributing entanglement over multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multipath channels by sharing maximally-entangled photon pairs. An architecture based on lens arrays is outlined and initial results on the quality of entanglement presented.
Room Temperature RC Series Zero Phonon Line Emission from Electron Irradiated Cubic Boron Nitride
Authors: Mathab Sheikh , Milas Peker , Alam Md. Jahangir , Chandrashekhar MVS , Spencer Michael G. , Ozturk Birol
Published: August 2022

We report room temperature zero phonon line emission peaks from RC series defects in electron beam irradiated cubic boron nitride crystals, which have the potential to be utilized in quantum sensing experiments.
Transmission Estimation at the Fundamental Limit with Bright Quantum States of Light
Authors: Woodworth Timothy S. , Hermann-Avigliano Carla , Chan Kam Wai Clifford , Marino Alberto M.
Published: August 2022

Parameter estimation at the fundamental limit given by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound is an important milestone for quantum metrology. Here, we present experiments that saturate this bound for transmission estimation with a macroscopic quantum state.
Light Induced Atomic Desorption for Loading Calcium into Ion Traps
Authors: Brudney Sean J. , Lesak Andrew A. , Metzner Jeremy M. , Moore Isam D. , Quinn Alexander D. , Allcock David T. C.
Published: August 2022

We evaluate Light Induced Atomic Desorption from various substrates as a method of producing high-density room temperature calcium atoms for rapid, low complexity, loading of trapped-ion quantum computers and atomic clocks.
Single-shot readout of spin qubits with five-second coherence times
Authors: Anderson Christopher P. , Glen Elena O. , Zeledon Cyrus , Bourassa Alexandre , Jin Yu , Zhu Yizhi , Vorwerk Christian , Crook Alexander L. , Abe Hiroshi , Ul-Hassan Jawad , Ohshima Takeshi , Son Nguyen T. , Galli Giulia , Awschalom David D.
Published: August 2022

Single-shot readout of divacancy spin qubits in silicon carbide is demonstrated through spin-selective two-photon ionization and subsequent optical charge readout. With this readout, we measure single-spin coherence times of over five seconds.
A Low-Loss, Broadband, Nitride-Only Photonic Integrated Circuit Platform
Authors: Tyndall Nathan F. , Kozak Dmitry A. , Pruessner Marcel W. , Goetz Peter G. , Rabinovich William S. , Stievater Todd. H. , Fahrenkopf Nicholas M. , Antohe Alin
Published: August 2022

We have developed a passive, low-loss, silicon-nitride-only photonic integrated circuit platform at AIM Photonics for the visible and near-infrared. Measured losses are as low as 0.06 dB/cm, and <1 dB/cm for wavelengths >650 nm.
Hybrid Low-Cost Quantum-Safe Key Distribution
Authors: Yavuz Attila A. , Earl Duncan , Packard Scott , Nouma Saif Eddine
Published: August 2022

A hybrid approach to quantum-safe cyber security that leverages the strengths of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum computation while mitigating the weaknesses of both can enable quantum-safe cyber-infrastructures for improved security of defense, finance/banking, and utility systems.
Sensitivity Limitation of an Optical Heterodyne Spectrometer
Authors: Chapman Joseph C. , Peters Nicholas A.
Published: August 2022

We show an optical heterodyne spectrometer with picometer resolution and high sensitivity. Moreover, we report the quantum limit of detecting multi-mode light using heterodyne detection, and compare it to a typical down conversion source output.
Optimizing Metrological Devices with Memory-Efficient Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Goerz Michael H. , Carrasco Sebastián C. , Malinovsky Vladimir S.
Published: August 2022

We present a computational framework for the direct optimization of measures of metrological gain without analytic gradients, such as the quantum Fisher information. The method is enabled by a new memory-efficient formulation of automatic differentiation.
Highly Tunable Visible-to-Telecom Single-Photon Frequency Conversion in a Nanomechanically Reconfigurable Si-Rich Si Nitride Waveguide
Authors: Du Xiushan , Zhang Lin , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

We propose a nanomechanical waveguide to realize tunable visible-to-telecom single-photon frequency conversion. We numerically study the conversion efficiency and nonlinear effects, and identify the trade-off between device footprint and noise.
Ultra-strong coupling in the hybrid quantum system consisting of planar MW resonator and YIG material
Authors: Maksutoğlu M. , Ghirri A. , Bonizzoni C. , Çınar K. , Yorulmaz S.Ç. , Yıldız F. , Affronte M. , Rameev B.
Published: August 2022

Ultra-strong coupling between inverse anapole resonator (IAR) and YIG crystal was studied. FEM simulations and experimental studies showed both coherently and dissipatively coupled magnon-photon modes, revealing high prospects of this hybrid structure for quantum technology.
Spatiotemporal Control of Trapped Rydberg Qubits
Authors: Sola Ignacio R. , Chang Bo Y.
Published: August 2022

We show how to implement faster high fidelity two-qubit gates on neutral atoms through the dipole blockade mechanism by exciting the qubits with the same pulses after optimizing both temporal and spatial parameters.
Analytic Quantum Gradient Descent in Quantum Chemistry Simulations
Authors: Singh Harshdeep
Published: August 2022

The AQGD optimization technique requires the presence of some specific gates in the quantum circuit and the hydrogen molecule simulation using AQGD in a VQA reveals the incompatibility of Unitary Coupled-Cluster ansatz with the method. Further, varying the parameters of the optimizer results in a significant reduction of simulation run-time.
Q-MARINA: Quantum Mapping Algorithm of Resonator Interaction with N Atoms
Authors: Marinkovic Marina Krstic , Radulaski Marina
Published: August 2022

We devise a quantum circuit mapping of the Tavis-Cummings open system dynamics in the single-excitation regime, suitable for execution on a star-connected NISQ quantum computer in linear space and time.
Doppler Cooling Considerations for Radial Trapped-Ion Crystals in Two Dimensions
Authors: Kato Alexander , Goel Apurva , Lee Raymond , Ye Zeyu , Karki Samip , Liu Jian Jun , Nomerotski Andrei , Blinov Boris B.
Published: August 2022

Two dimensional (2D) crystals of trapped ions are a promising platform to scale up qubit numbers for quantum information applications. We implement two-tone Doppler-cooling of radial 2D crystals in an RF trap.
Nanoscale Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Quantum Sensors enhanced by Nanostructures
Authors: Aslam Nabeel , Palazzo Nicolas , Knall Erik , Kim Daniel , Meister Nadine , Gelly Ryan , Cimmino Ryan , Machielse Bartholomeus , Urbach Elana , Lukin Mikhail , Park Hongkun
Published: August 2022

Nanoscale Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based on Nitrogen-vacancy centers in Diamond is promising for biochemistry applications. We integrate the Quantum Sensors into Nanostructures and realize NMR spectroscopy of nanoconfined liquids.
Quantum Optimal Control for Atom Interferometry
Authors: Correia Franck , Bichon Godefroy , Guessoum Mohamed , Cherfan Charbel , Geiger Rémi , Landragin Arnaud , Santos Franck Pereira Dos
Published: August 2022

We develop interferometry-based atomic inertial sensors robust to Doppler-type inhomogeneities by using quantum optimal control methods. Theoretical results show optimized phase profiles of Raman and Bragg optical π-pulses enabling maximization of the fidelity.
Kelp carbon sink potential decreases with warming due to accelerating decomposition
Authors: Filbee-Dexter Karen , Feehan Colette J. , Smale Dan A. , Krumhansl Kira A. , Augustine Skye , de Bettignies Florian , Burrows Michael T. , Byrnes Jarrett E. K. , Campbell Jillian , Davoult Dominique , Dunton Kenneth H. , Franco João N. , Garrido Ignacio , Grace Sean P. , Hancke Kasper , Johnson Ladd E. , Konar Brenda , Moore Pippa J. , Norderhaug Kjell Magnus , O’Dell Alasdair , Pedersen Morten F. , Salomon Anne K. , Sousa-Pinto Isabel , Tiegs Scott , Yiu Dara , Wernberg Thomas
Published: August 2022

Cycling of organic carbon in the ocean has the potential to mitigate or exacerbate global climate change, but major questions remain about the environmental controls on organic carbon flux in the coastal zone. Here, we used a field experiment distributed across 28° of latitude, and the entire range of 2 dominant kelp species in the northern hemisphere, to measure decomposition rates of kelp detritus on the seafloor in relation to local environmental factors. Detritus decomposition in both species were strongly related to ocean temperature and initial carbon content, with higher rates of biomass loss at lower latitudes with warmer temperatures. Our experiment showed slow overall decomposition and turnover of kelp detritus and modeling of coastal residence times at our study sites revealed that a significant portion of this production can remain intact long enough to reach deep marine sinks. The results suggest that decomposition of these kelp species could accelerate with ocean warming and that low-latitude kelp forests could experience the greatest increase in remineralization with a 9% to 42% reduced potential for transport to long-term ocean sinks under short-term (RCP4.5) and long-term (RCP8.5) warming scenarios. However, slow decomposition at high latitudes, where kelp abundance is predicted to expand, indicates potential for increasing kelp-carbon sinks in cooler (northern) regions. Our findings reveal an important latitudinal gradient in coastal ecosystem function that provides an improved capacity to predict the implications of ocean warming on carbon cycling. Broad-scale patterns in organic carbon decomposition revealed here can be used to identify hotspots of carbon sequestration potential and resolve relationships between carbon cycling processes and ocean climate at a global scale.
HIV testing and linkage to care—A case of a mobile diagnostic and counseling service in Mbeya, Tanzania; A quantitative study
Authors: Kway Amani , Sabi Issa , Olomi Willyhelmina , Mcharo Ruby Doryn , Sanga Erica , William Wiston , Chimbe Ombeni , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Maganga Lucas
Published: August 2022

HIV-care programmes are faced with significant challenges in getting newly diagnosed People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) linked to care despite massive investment in HIV prevention, treatment and care. This study assessed the performance of mobile HIV Testing and Counseling service (mHTC) in provision of HIV-testing and linkage to care of newly diagnosed PLHIV from Key and Vulnerable Populations (KVPs). A retrospective review of the records of 25,248 clients was extracted from the mHTC database from October-2016 to September-2018. Of 25,248 clients, 51.71% were in 25–45 years age group, 55.4% were males, 60.5% were married and 62.1% had primary level of education. The median age of clients was 31 (IQR: 23–42) years. Out of the clients tested, 800 (3.17%) were diagnosed HIV-positive. Positivity was high among females 450 (4%), age group 25–45 years 538 (4.12%), divorced 202 (7.41%) and clients with primary level of education 504 (3.21%). An association between HIV status and sex, age group, relationship status and level of education was observed (P<0001). Out of the 800 HIV-positive clients, 418 (52.30%) were successfully linked to care. Among the positive clients, 5/6 (83.33%) children below 15 years old, 238/450 (52.89%) females and 39/64 (60.94%) widows were successfully linked to care. In the multivariable log binomial regression model age of the clients was associated with successful linkage to care. The mHTC was able to reach KVP clients; overall linkage for both sexes was 52.30% below the recommended UNAIDS 90-90-90 target. Raising the need to address the challenges associated with linkage and specific care for KVPs as a subset of the general population. The mHTC has shown that it is feasible to improve the reach of KVP clients; however, further research is required to examine the quality of this service at the community level.
Factors associated with depression among heart failure patients at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Alemayehu Kassahun , Ayalew Bekele Yohannes , Habte Wurjine Teshome
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to Assess Factors associated with depression among heart failure patients at cardiac follow-up clinics in a government teaching hospital of Addis Ababa. A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess Factors associated with depression among 424 heart failure patients at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa who were selected by using a systematic random sampling method from January 1 to 30, 2021 at four public hospitals. Sample was proportionally allocated for each study hospital and then data were collected by using structured-interview questionnaires. Bivariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to examine the possible predictors and variables with the statistical association of P-value of < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were considered. Data were gathered from heart failure patients in cardiac follow clinic with 100% response rate. Among the 424 respondents [mean age: 52.7 (SD) 17.5 years; 56.1% women], prevalence of depression was 56.1%. Among the 424 respondents [mean age: 52.7 (SD) 17.5 years; 56.1% women], prevalence of depression was 56.1%. New York Heart Association class III and IV was highly associated with depression respectively. Furthermore, poor self-care behaviours alcohol use, poor social support, poor knowledge level, were associated with depression and statistically significant. The findings from this study showed that depression is highly prevalent among heart failure patients and age of respondent, alcohol intake, self-care behaviour, social support, knowledge level, and co-morbidity were independently associated with depression. Therefore, all institutions of cardiac centre should work on screening for depression in heart failure patients, and consult psychiatrists and psychologists for early detection and measures.
World Dengue Day: A call for action
Authors: Srisawat Nattachai , Thisyakorn Usa , Ismail Zulkifli , Rafiq Kamran , Gubler Duane J. ,   on behalf of ADVA-ISNTD World Dengue Day Committee
Published: August 2022

Commemorating the 2021 ASEAN Dengue Day and advocacy for World Dengue Day, the International Society for Neglected Tropical Diseases (ISNTD) and Asian Dengue Voice and Action (ADVA) Group jointly hosted the ISNTD-ADVA World Dengue Day Forum–Cross Sector Synergies in June 2021. The forum aimed to achieve international and multisectoral coordination to consolidate global dengue control and prevention efforts, share best practices and resources, and improve global preparedness. The forum featured experts around the world who shared their insight, research experience, and strategies to tackle the growing threat of dengue. Over 2,000 healthcare care professionals, researchers, epidemiologists, and policy makers from 59 countries attended the forum, highlighting the urgency for integrated, multisectoral collaboration between health, environment, education, and policy to continue the march against dengue. Sustained vector control, environmental management, surveillance improved case management, continuous vaccine advocacy and research, capacity building, political commitment, and community engagement are crucial components of dengue control. A coordinated strategy based on science, transparency, timely and credible communication, and understanding of human behavior is needed to overcome vaccine hesitancy, a major health risk further magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic. The forum announced a strong call to action to establish World Dengue Day to improve global awareness, share best practices, and prioritize preparedness in the fight against dengue.
Biologging of emperor penguins—Attachment techniques and associated deployment performance
Authors: Houstin Aymeric , Zitterbart Daniel P. , Winterl Alexander , Richter Sebastian , Planas-Bielsa Víctor , Chevallier Damien , Ancel André , Fournier Jérôme , Fabry Ben , Le Bohec Céline
Published: August 2022

An increasing number of marine animals are equipped with biologgers, to study their physiology, behaviour and ecology, often for conservation purposes. To minimise the impacts of biologgers on the animals’ welfare, theRefinementprinciple from the Three Rs framework (Replacement,Reduction,Refinement) urges to continuously test and evaluate new and updated biologging protocols. Here, we propose alternative and promising techniques for emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) capture and on-site logger deployment that aim to mitigate the potential negative impacts of logger deployment on these birds. We equipped adult emperor penguins for short-term (GPS, Time-Depth Recorder (TDR)) and long-term (i.e. planned for one year) deployments (ARGOS platforms, TDR), as well as juvenile emperor penguins for long-term deployments (ARGOS platforms) in the Weddell Sea area where they had not yet been studied. We describe and qualitatively evaluate our protocols for the attachment of biologgers on-site at the colony, the capture of the animals and the recovery of the devices after deployment. We report unprecedented recaptures of long-term equipped adult emperor penguins (50% of equipped individuals recaptured after 290 days). Our data demonstrate that the traditional technique of long-term attachment by gluing the biologgers directly to the back feathers causes excessive feather breakage and the loss of the devices after a few months. We therefore propose an alternative method of attachment for back-mounted devices. This technique led to successful year-round deployments on 37.5% of the equipped juveniles. Finally, we also disclose the first deployments of leg-bracelet mounted TDRs on emperor penguins. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring potential impacts of biologger deployments on the animals and the need to continue to improve methods to minimize disturbance and enhance performance and results.
Lifestyle habits in Saudi adolescents with diagnosed diabetes: An opportunity for health promotion
Authors: Nasrallah Mona , Tamim Hani , Mailhac Aurelie , AlBuhairan Fadia
Published: August 2022

Aims

This study assessed lifestyle and health behavior habits among a representative sample of Saudi adolescents with self-reported diabetes and compared them to non-diabetic peers.

Methods

This was a nested case-control study, from the Jeeluna cohort, a nationwide, cross-sectional study of 12,575 Saudi boys and girls aged 10–19 years. Non-diabetic adolescents were matched to those with diabetes on a ratio of 4:1 based on age, gender and region. Retained information from the original study included: socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviors, tobacco/substance use, screen use, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory results.

Results

The prevalence of diabetes was 0.7% (n = 87). Overall, 65% of diabetic participants were males, and 22.4% aged ≤14 years. Overall, both groups had low rates of healthful habits in their diet and physical activity. Both groups had similar rates of tobacco use, and high digital screen time. Adolescents with diabetes had more consistent sleeping pattern, were more likely to be on a diet, thought they spent enough time with their physician and obtained medical information more often from their health clinic. They were also more likely to feel down and to chat more often.

Conclusion

Adolescents with diabetes remain far from guideline targets but seem predisposed to better lifestyle and have more access to health as compared to their non-diabetic peers.