bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-2-mediated NF-κB-dependent mRNA splicing modulates interferon gamma protein production
Authors: Van Gelder Rachel D , Gokhale Nandan S , Genoyer Emmanuelle , Omelia Dylan S , Anderson Stephen K , Young Howard A , Savan Ram
Published: November 2024

Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by natural killer (NK) cells during the early infection response. IFNγ expression is tightly regulated to mount sterilizing immunity while preventing tissue pathology. Several post-transcriptional effectors dampen IFNγ expression through IFNG mRNA degradation. In this study, we identify mRNA splicing as a positive regulator of IFNγ production. While treatment with the combination of IL-12 and IL-2 causes synergistic induction of IFNG mRNA and protein, defying transcription-translation kinetics, we observe that NK cells treated with IL-12 alone transcribe IFNG with introns intact. When NK cells are treated with both IL-2 and IL-12, IFNG transcript is spliced to form mature mRNA with a concomitant increase in IFNγ protein. We find that IL-2-mediated intron splicing occurs independently of nascent transcription but relies upon NF-κB signaling. We propose that while IL-12 transcriptionally induces IFNG mRNA, IL-2 signaling stabilizes IFNG mRNA by splicing detained introns, allowing for rapid IFNγ protein production. This study uncovers a novel role for cytokine-induced splicing in regulating IFNγ through a mechanism potentially applicable to other inflammatory mediators.
Design strategies and applications of cyanine dyes in phototherapy
Authors: Yuan Jie , Yang Hanxue , Huang Wenhui , Liu Shilong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Xiaobing , Peng Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

An overview of cyanine dye-based phototherapy agents, including the design strategies, relationships between molecular structures and properties, as well as applications in photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and multimodal combined therapy.
In situ monitoring of quorum sensing signalling molecules using a SERS chip with a micro -chamber array
Authors: Liu Lulu , Ma Wenrui , Tan Haolan , Ge Chuang , Zhang Bei , Wang Chunyan , Zhang Yang , Xu Yi
Published: November 2024

A SERS chip integrated with a micro-chamber array and nano-silver substrate was fabricated for the monitoring of pyocyanine, overcoming detection shortcomings such as discontinuity, invasion, and complex pretreatment.
Microneedle patches: a new vantage point for diabetic wound treatments
Authors: Bigham Ashkan , Zarepour Atefeh , Khosravi Arezoo , Iravani Siavash , Zarrabi Ali
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements pertaining to the application of microneedle patches for diabetic wound treatment are reviewed, focusing on challenges and future perspectives.
Synthesis of macrocyclic salen rare-earth complexes and their framework conversion regulated by coordination sphere engineering
Authors: Liu Yi-Fu , Gil-Ramírez Guzmán , Nakamura Takashi
Published: November 2024

Manipulation of the coordination spheres of rare earth metals successfully controlled the structural change of the overall macrocyclic framework.
The effect of a distorted MO6 octahedral unit on the activity and stability for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Haixiang , Ning Xinran , Yan Wenjun , Yang Hua Gui , Yuan Haiyang
Published: November 2024

The leptosomic MO6 unit corresponds to the good stability, while the OER activity on the fat one is more favored. Breaking this cooperative limitation resulting from the structural distortion of the MO6 unit on stability and activity is necessary.
Upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing of NaLuF4:Yb/Er/Tm microcrystals at low temperatures
Authors: Wang Zhaojin , Xu Xinyi , Gao Wei , Hou Jin , Zhang Tian , Zhao Xin , Li Zijie , Di Siyi
Published: November 2024

In this study, Yb/Er/Tm-doped NaLuF4 luminescent microcrystals were synthesised hydrothermally.
Asymmetrical calcium ions induced stress and remodeling in lipid bilayer membranes
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhong Qi , Kang Kai , Ma Rui , Song Chen
Published: November 2024

Asymmetrical Ca2+ distribution can lead to curvature and remodeling of lipid bilayer membranes.
Effects of transition metal substitution doping on the structure and magnetic properties of biphenylene
Authors: Luan Jinfeng , Li Jiangwen , Sun Yuanyuan , Wei Jie , Wei Mingzhen , Wang Youchun , Yin Ketao , Zhu Hongyang , Pan Hongzhe
Published: November 2024

Various magnetic states of biphenylene doped with transition metal atoms.
Quantum spin Hall states in MX2 (M = Ru, Os; X = As, Sb) monolayers
Authors: Jing Tao , Liang Dongmei , Xiong Yongchen , Zhang Jun , Hu Yongjin , Zhang Qin , Lv Dongyan , He Zhi , Deng Mingsen
Published: November 2024

MX2 (M = Ru, Os; X = As, Sb) monolayers are quantum spin Hall insulators with a large SOC bandgap.
Reactive carbon capture using saline water: evaluation of prospective sources, processes, and products
Authors: Dickinson-Cove Anya , La Plante Erika , Liu Yiming , Simonetti Dante , Hoek Eric M. V. , Sant Gaurav , Jassby David
Published: November 2024

This review synthesizes the state of development of saline water-based reactive carbon capture, assessing how sources, processes, and products impact viability.
Construction and optimization of efficient glucose–xylose co-fermenting yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for green and sustainable succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Ge Mianshen , Sha Yuanyuan , Lu Minrui , Zhang Yuwei , Xu Zhaoxian , Chen Sitong , Ding Ying , Jin Mingjie
Published: November 2024

Genetic modification of Y. lipolytica for the production of succinic acid from undetoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysate.
Rapid 235U/238U determination by matrix assisted ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Bowden Shelby , Samperton Kyle M. , LaBone Elizabeth D. , Lawton Haley B. , Waldron Abigail M. , Mannion Joseph M. , Wellons Matthew S. , Mannion Danielle R.
Published: November 2024

Matrix assisted ionization is an effective tool for producing rapid and accurate uranium isotope ratios with minimal laboratory infrastructure needs compared to traditional mass spectrometry methods.
Chemically synthesized CdSe quantum dots induce apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells via ROS generation
Authors: Huong L. T. T. , Hung N. P. , Ha N. T. , Luyen N. T. , Hien N. T. , Ca N. X. , Thuy N. T. M.
Published: November 2024

Effect of CdSe QDs on proliferation and morphology of AGS gastric cancer cells.
Novel indoloquinoxaline-tetraphenylethylene star-like conjugated isomers: aggregation-induced emission and acidichromism for versatile fluorescent applications
Authors: Mao Guanghao , Yang Huaxin , Deng Shuhang , Cao Wenyu , Deng Ping , Yu Yan
Published: November 2024

A pair of star-like conjugated isomers (Tetra-8-IQ and Tetra-9-IQ) with indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline as the star arm and tetraphenylethylene as the star core have been designed and synthesized.
A highly sensitive triple ratio viscosity probe for fluorescence response across ultra-wide viscosity ranges
Authors: Li Yifan , Chen Xuanying , Jin Xin , Su Jianhua , Zhang Zhiyun
Published: November 2024

In this study, we investigated the viscosity sensitivity of DPAC-Me and DPAC-CF3 as a ratiometric viscosity probe in a wide viscosity range including a microviscosity range (0.3–3.1 cP) and a quite high viscosity range (1000–72 330 cP).
Construction of 1-acryloyl-2-cyanoindoles: unveiling their potential in radical cascade cyclization
Authors: Luo Wei , Huang Anxiang , Chen Zhong , Yu Bing
Published: November 2024

The design and synthesis of 1-acryloyl-2-cyanoindoles was described, which should be potentially useful in radical cascade cyclization reactions.
A layered Janus metastructure for multi-physical quantity detection based on the second harmonic wave
Authors: Wei Yu-Xin , Sui Jun-Yang , Wu Chuan-Qi , Guo Chu-Ming , Li Xiang , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: November 2024

Structural composition of the NJMS.
Discovery of nostatin A, an azole-containing proteusin with prominent cytostatic and pro-apoptotic activity
Authors: Delawská Kateřina , Hájek Jan , Voráčová Kateřina , Kuzma Marek , Mareš Jan , Vicková Kateřina , Kádek Alan , Tučková Dominika , Gallob Filip , Divoká Petra , Moos Martin , Opekar Stanislav , Koch Lukas , Saurav Kumar , Sedlák David , Novák Petr , Urajová Petra , Dean Jason , Gažák Radek , Niedermeyer Timo J. H. , Kameník Zdeněk , Šimek Petr , Villunger Andreas , Hrouzek Pavel
Published: November 2024

Nostatin A is highly modified ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide belonging among proteusins. It inhibits multiple cancer cell lines in nanomolar concentrations and acts via cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis.
Photo-induced transformation of α-diazocarbonyl compounds into mono-substituted alpha-halogen derivatives
Authors: Bai Jinrui , Li Bin , Qi Dan , Song Zhuoheng , Yao Yue , Liu Chao
Published: November 2024

The hydrofluorination, hydrochlorination, and hydrobromination of diazo compounds were successfully accomplished using three new halogenating agents under photoinduction and catalyst-free conditions.
Metal-free hydrodifunctionalization of enaminones for the synthesis of ketomethylene-functionalized phosphoryl alcohols
Authors: Cao Dingsheng , Wan Jie-Ping , Liu Yunyun
Published: November 2024

The hydrodifunctionalization reactions of enaminones with diaryl phosphine oxides and water have been realized with simply the promotion of oxalic acid, leading to the synthesis of ketomethylene-functionalized gem-phosphoryl alcohols.
Supramolecular method enabling effective through-space charge transfer in thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials with pure orange emission
Authors: Sang Yufeng , Feng Ruicong , Wang Yuqian , Song Qiao
Published: November 2024

A supramolecular strategy has been developed to enhance through-space charge transfer by precisely regulating the spatial arrangement of donor–acceptor pairs, resulting in thermally activated delayed fluorescence with pure orange emission.
S-Alkylation of sulfinamides with Zn-carbenoids: expanding stereoselective sulfoximine synthesis beyond NH derivatives
Authors: Jersovs Glebs , Melgalvis Dzonatans , Kinens Artis , Donets Pavel A. , Suna Edgars
Published: November 2024

A general entry to enantiopure N-substituted sulfoximines via direct stereospecific S-alkylation of sulfinamides with Zn-carbenoids is disclosed.
Development of flexible Zn/MnO2 secondary batteries using a fumed silica-doped hydrogel electrolyte
Authors: Xiong Wenlong , Xie Qiyuan , Zhang Haoran , Alam Md. Asraful , Zhu Chenjie , Wang Lele , Xu Jingliang
Published: November 2024

A high-performance flexible Zn/MnO2 secondary battery is developed using a fumed silica-doped gelatin hydrogel electrolyte.
Modeling the relative response factor of small molecules in positive electrospray ionization
Authors: Abrahamsson Dimitri , Koronaiou Lelouda-Athanasia , Johnson Trevor , Yang Junjie , Ji Xiaowen , Lambropoulou Dimitra A.
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel computational method for modeling the ionization efficiency of small molecules in positive electrospray ionization, designed to facilitate the semi-quantification of chemicals in the absence of analytical standards.
Adding multiple electrons to helicenes: how they respond?
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: November 2024

An overview of structural responses of helicenes with increasing dimensions and complexity to stepwise electron addition reveals charge- and topology-dependent outcomes ranging from reversible to irreversible core transformations and site-specific reactivity.
Dynamic selection in metallo-organic cube CdII8L4 conformations induced by perfluorooctanoate encapsulation
Authors: Li Yu-Qing , Zhao He , Han Ermeng , Jiang Zhiyuan , Bai Qixia , Guan Yu-Ming , Zhang Zhe , Wu Tun , Wang Pingshan
Published: November 2024

Self-assembly of ligand L and CdII ions affords two metallo-organic cage CdII8L4 conformers: meta-stable C2h-1 and thermodynamically favored D2-2. The inclusion of guest perfluorooctanoate shifts the equilibrium distribution to meta-stable conformer C2h-1.
Mechanistic insights into capacity discrepancies of conversion-type transition-metal compounds in wide-temperature-range lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Han Meisheng , Zheng Kunxiong , Liu Jie , Zou Zhiyu , Mu Yongbiao , Hu Hengyuan , Yu Fenghua , Li Wenjia , Wei Lei , Zeng Lin , Zhao Tianshou
Published: November 2024

In situ magnetometry is utilized to reveal the mechanistic insights into capacity discrepancies of conversion-type transition-metal compounds in wide-temperature-range lithium-ion batteries.
Mucus-on-a-chip: investigating the barrier properties of mucus with organic bioelectronics
Authors: McCoy Reece , Wang Kaixin , Treiber Jeremy , Fu Ying , Malliaras George G. , Salleo Alberto , Owens Róisín M.
Published: November 2024

A bioelectronic mucus-on-a-chip model is developed to monitor intestinal mucus barrier properties. The effects of a mucolytic agent and biofilm formation are investigated, offering insights into gastrointestinal mucus and biofilm research.
Topical siRNA therapy of diabetic-like wound healing
Authors: Neuhoferova Eva , Kindermann Marek , Buzgo Matej , Vocetkova Karolina , Panek Dalibor , Cigler Petr , Benson Veronika
Published: November 2024

The biocompatible nanofiber wound dressing enables the controlled release of the antisense siRNA against matrix metalloproteinase 9. In a diabetic-like murine model, the treatment resulted in a significant shortening of the wound healing time.
PEDOT quality: another key factor determining the thermal stability of organic solar cells
Authors: Yao Jingyuan , Diao Yuting , Zhu Yanzhuo , Xu Xiaojing , Fu Rongchen , Gao Bowen , Xiang Huaxiang , Wang Xunchang , Li Yuda
Published: November 2024

PEDOT quality, a newly identified factor, is found to be pivotal in influencing both the polaronic stability of PEDOTs and the morphological evolution of BHJs during thermal aging, thereby significantly impacting the thermal stability of OSCs.
High-performance, narrow-band green-emitting phosphors for white LEDs: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Wan Yujia , Liu Dongjie , Yang Wei , Wang Yingsheng , Zhang Min , Lian Hongzhou , Dang Peipei , Li Guogang , Lin Jun
Published: November 2024

This review systematically summarizes the selection methods, modulation strategies, enhancement of the thermal stability and quantum efficiency, and multi-applications of green-emitting phosphors with enhanced luminescence performance.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample
Authors: Le Reste A. , Hayes M. J. , Cannon J. M. , Melinder J. , Runnholm A. , Rivera-Thorsen T. E. , Östlin G. , Adamo A. , Herenz E. C. , Schaerer D. , Scarlata C. , Kunth D.
Published: November 2024

Context. The Lyman-α (Lyα) line of hydrogen is a well-known tracer of galaxies at high redshift. However, the connection between Lyα observables and galaxy properties has not been fully established, limiting the use of the line to probe the physics of galaxies.

Aims. Here, we derive the global neutral hydrogen gas (HI) properties of nearby Lyα-emitting galaxies to assess the impact of neutral gas on the Lyα output of galaxies.

Methods. We observed the 21 cm line emission using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in D-array configuration (∼55″ resolution, ∼38 kpc) for 37 star-forming galaxies with available Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Lyα imaging from the Lyman Alpha Reference Samples.

Results. We detected 21 cm emission for 33 out of the 37 galaxies observed. We found no significant correlation of global HI properties (including HI mass, column density, gas fraction, depletion time, line width, or velocity shift between HI and Lyα), with the Lyα luminosity, escape fractions, or equivalent widths (EW) derived with HST photometry. Additionally, both Lyα-emitters and weak or non-emitters are distributed evenly along the HI parameter space of optically selected z = 0 galaxies. Around 74% of the sample is undergoing galaxy interaction, this fraction is higher for Lyα-emitters (83% for galaxies with EW ≥ 20 Å) than for weak or non-emitters (70%). Nevertheless, galaxies identified as interacting have Lyα and HI properties statistically consistent with those of non-interacting galaxies.

Conclusions. Our results show that global HI properties (on scales > 30kpc) have little direct impact on the Lyα output from galaxies. Instead, HI likely regulates Lyα emission on small scales: statistical comparisons of Lyα and high angular resolution 21 cm observations are required to fully assess the role of HI in Lyα radiative transfer. While our study indicates that major and minor galaxy mergers could play a role in the emission of Lyα photons in the Local Universe, especially for galaxies with high HI fractions, the line of sight that a system is observed through ultimately determines the Lyα observables.
Teaching Practicum with Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL): Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Perceptions
Authors: Puspitasari Evi , Zaidaan Rafly , Putri Anisa Wahyu Dwi , Baharun Hazleena
Published: November 2024

This study was to explore pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions toward the use of MALL in teaching practicums and to discuss the difference in the perception across genders. A quantitative approach and a cross-sectional survey design were adopted by involving 150 pre-service English teachers, consisting of 36 males and 114 females. The setting is the School of Sun (pseudonym), a teaching training program of a university in Indonesia where MALL was implemented for teaching practicum. Technically, an online MALL questionnaire adapted from Uzunboylu and Ozdamli [1] with 26 items was distributed to the respondents. After that, the data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics with a statistical program. The findings revealed positive perceptions of pre-service EFL teachers on using MALL in teaching practicum (M = 3 and above). The capacity of mobile learning apps to enhance traditional education and facilitate teacher-student collaboration through mobile learning tools received the highest praise. On the contrary, the t-test results presented no significant differences between males’ and females’ perceptions of the use of MALL during teaching practicum (ρ = 0.050 = 0.05). Hence, both male and female pre-service EFL teachers agreed that MALL is suitable for language teaching, and both groups also perceived that MALL could accommodate their teaching practice.
Farmers’ perceptions and level of adoption of technological innovation in shallot cultivation
Authors: Wahyuni Budiarti Sri , Cahyaningrum Hermawati , Haryuni Haryuni , Widowati Rahayu , Anshori Arif
Published: November 2024

Shallot is one of the staple commodities in Indonesia. Increasing consumption needs and high demand for shallots represent a potential market opportunity for farmers to increase shallot production. The research aimed to determine farmers’ perceptions, the influence of farmers’ internal and external characteristics on perceptions of applying shallot cultivation technology, and trends in technology adoption. The research was conducted in Karang Kalasan Village, Kalasan District, Sleman Regency, D.I. Yogyakarta from March to May 2021. Data was collected through a survey using a questionnaire from 25 participants. Data were analyzed descriptively, percentages, frequency tables, Likert scales, and Spearman Rank correlation. The research showed that farmers had a positive perception of technological innovation in shallot cultivation. Farmers considered that shallot cultivation technology is profitable, suits people’s needs, is not complicated, is triable and the results are observable. The characteristics of gender, length of experience in shallot farming, farmer income, availability of infrastructure, and institutional support significantly influenced farmers’ perceptions on the application of technology innovation in shallot cultivation. Adoption trends indicate that some components will be adopted in the next growing season.
Dodol Garut Application: Human Resources Competency, Business Size, Information Technology Utilization, and Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: Cahyaningsih Cahyaningsih , Rokayah Yayah
Published: November 2024

Many MSMEs have not recorded financial transactions, so they have difficulty preparing financial reports because they feel the process is too complicated. Implementation of the Dodol Garut Application for Dodol Entrepreneurs in Garut City is expected to solve these problems. The Dodol Garut Application helps in inventory management and financial records to improve financial reporting quality. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of business size, human resources competency, and information technology utilization on financial reporting quality. Responses of 33 Dodol Entrepreneurs who implemented the Dodol Garut Application are processed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS Software. The results indicate that business size and information technology utilization positively affect financial reporting quality. Other results show that human resources competency does not affect financial reporting quality. Businesses with a larger size have more human resources available to manage the business efficiently. By using an integrated information system, employees can manage data more quickly and on time, increasing their ability to manage the business effectively. Businesses that are managed effectively and efficiently can present financial information more quickly and accurately to have quality financial reports.
The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Characteristics of Farmers and The Performance of Shallots Farming in The Bantul Regency
Authors: Wijaya Oki , Mufti Agung Dwito , Man Norsida , Fauzan Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and the performance of shallots farming in Selopamioro Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency. Using a sample of 63 farmers selected through multistage random sampling, the research analyzed five entrepreneurial characteristics: leadership, self-confidence, risk-taking, hard work, and innovativeness. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive analysis and the Spearman rank correlation test. The findings revealed that leadership and innovativeness had significant positive correlations with both sales volume and profit, while risk-taking was significantly correlated with profit. These results indicate that enhancing entrepreneurial characteristics can lead to improved farming performance. The study recommends implementing training programs, improving access to resources, developing supportive policies, strengthening extension services, and promoting collaboration among farmers to enhance their entrepreneurial capabilities and achieve better farming outcomes.
Climate Change and Agriculture: An Economic Valuation of Flood Risk Mitigation
Authors: Saptutyningsih Endah , Akhtar Rulia , Setyawati Dewanti Diah , Anggoro Tri
Published: November 2024

Climate change has a negative impact especially on agriculture. Due to unpredictable seasonal changes and floods, agricultural land can be damaged. Mitigation strategies are needed to anticipate more serious impacts from the threat of climate change. According to this research, farmers in Temanggung, Indonesia, are willing to pay (WTP) for climate change mitigation programs because their land is flooded. We examined the ways in which social capital influences tobacco farmers’ willingness to contribute to climate change mitigation as well as the other factors that affect climate change mitigation. To monetarily assess farmers’ preferences for planned mitigation programs, we use the contingent valuation method (CVM). This method ensures the inherent value of addressing climate issues in the agricultural sector of Temanggung, Indonesia. Sample farmers received a prepared questionnaire. This study found that 78% of people surveyed were willing to pay IDR 17,000.00 (USD 1.05) for climate change mitigation programs and several factors, including assets, social capital, and flood characteristics, had a greater influence on their willingness to pay. This research will help policymakers create better mitigation frameworks to combat the adverse impacts of climate change, especially on the agricultural sector.
Member Participation in the Management of Women Farmer Group Activities
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Kusumaningrum Alma
Published: November 2024

The Women Farmer’s Group was formed to improve the ability of farmers and their families in agriculture. Women's participation is expected to improve the community's economy through horticultural businesses. The growth of the Merapi Asri Women's Farmer Group can be seen from the increase in the number of members. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method and was conducted in January 2024 involving 50 administrators and members as respondents who were taken by census. Analysis with the Spearman Rating Correlation Coefficient shows high participation in planning, implementation, utilization of results, and evaluation of activities. This group of women farmers develops horticultural farming businesses ranging from vegetables to fruits. Although there were variations in family support, leisure time, extension roles, and economic motivation, all factors showed a close relationship with the effectiveness of activities. The role of extension workers has a strong correlation, especially at the implementation stage. It is recommended to improve communication and collaboration between members to encourage participation.
Bio-stabilisation of slopes: A review
Authors: Thakur Kannan , Parihar Niraj Singh , Sood Hemant
Published: November 2024

Slope stability is essential for mitigating landslides and erosion risks, especially during heavy rainfall. Vegetation significantly enhances slope stability through soil reinforcement and erosion control. Plant roots stabilize the soil matrix, reducing the likelihood of shallow landslides. However, vegetation's impact varies, with different types potentially influencing slope stability differently—some may even worsen instability under specific conditions. Evidence shows that both rigid and flexible vegetation types improve erosion resistance and slope stability, making them a cost-effective stabilization strategy. Plant water uptake increases matric suction and results in drier slopes, further reinforcing the stability. The mechanical effects of roots, which enhance soil cohesion, combined with the hydrological benefits of improved water management, are crucial for maintaining slope integrity. The present research emphasizes the importance of integrating vegetation into slope management strategies to mitigate landslide risks effectively. Additional measures, including geotechnical advancements, policy development, and community involvement, will complement these efforts. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of vegetation's diverse impacts and root structures, alongside advanced numerical analysis methods, is crucial for optimizing vegetation-based slope stabilization and enhancing safety in landslide-prone areas. In this paper, the authors thoroughly examine and review the state-of-the-art slope stability analysis techniques. Different methods of slope stabilization concerning vegetation have been covered such as RAR, Root Morphology and Density Distribution, root tensile strength and biomechanics, Numerical Analysis, and Limit Equilibrium approaches are the categories under which these techniques are divided.
Consolidation and Biodegradation Settlement Analysis of Embankment with Biosolid Layer Over Soft Subgrade
Authors: Rawat Saurabh , Kumar Gupta Ashok
Published: November 2024

The byproduct of wastewater treatment is called as ‘Biosolid’ whereas the byproduct of infrastructure sector produces construction and demolition (C&D) waste, both leading to major waste disposal problem. The present study evaluates the usage of biosolid as a potential fill material for embankments constructed over soft subgrade. Geotechnical and geochemical characterization of the virgin biosolid (VB) and 40% C&D waste modified biosolid (CNMB) has been conducted to evaluate their potential as fill materials. Consolidation and creep settlement behaviour of a 3m embankment under a traffic load of 20 kPa with VB and CNMB is investigated using Finite Element analysis (Plaxis 2D). Due to the organic nature of VB and CNMB, biodegradation settlement of the embankment is also analytically examined. The embankment with CNMB layer undergoes a settlement of 18.3 mm which is 62.3% lesser than embankment with VB layer over 365 days. The CNMB layer also attains constant rate of biodegradation after 20 years with 48.5 mm settlement which is within permissible limit. It is concluded that 40% C&D waste with biosolid can be used as fill material in embankment over soft subgrade. However, use of virgin biosolid as fill material is not recommended.
La Nuit de la physique 2024 Physique et Sport
Authors: Wormser Guy
Published: November 2024

Pour célébrer à la fois l’Année de la Physique et la tenue en France des Jeux olympiques et paralympiques, la Société Française de Physique, avec ses partenaires CNRS, CEA, Société Française d’Optique et Société Chimique de France, a organisé une Nuit de la physique consacrée au thème « Physique et Sport ».
Telemedizin und Telemonitoring zur Überwachung von Vitalparametern – eine medizinrechtliche Betrachtung
Authors: Jorzig Alexandra , Schneider Hendrik
Published: November 2024

Telemedizin hat in den letzten Jahren aufgrund der Digitalisierung, des anhaltenden Ärztemangels und der Coronapandemie eine rasante Entwicklung durchlaufen. Sie bietet Patienten die Möglichkeit, medizinische Dienstleistungen aus der Ferne zu nutzen. Parallel dazu hat sich die künstliche Intelligenz (KI) als Diagnosetool und Instrument zur Überwachung von Vitalparametern etabliert. Diese Technologien versprechen nicht nur eine Verbesserung der Gesundheitsversorgung (z. B. im Rahmen der personalisierten und prädiktiven Analyse von Gesundheitsdaten), sondern werfen auch komplexe ethische und rechtliche Fragen auf.
Association of Circulating Homocysteine Level with the Risk of
Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Manli , Fan Yandong
Published: November 2024

The objective of the study was to explore the association between homocysteine
(Hcy) levels and the risk of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). PubMed, Web of
Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched to collect
literature on the association between Hcy levels and the risk of T2DN. The
retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to September 10,
2024. Stata 15.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Type II
diabetes without nephropathy was considered the control group, and
microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were included in the experimental group.
Fourteen articles were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the
meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the level of Hcy in
the T2DN group with microalbuminuria [Weighted mean difference (WMD)=2.50, 95%
confidence interval (CI): 1.49–3.51, p<0.001] and the group with
macroalbuminuria (WMD=3.38, 95% CI: 1.95–4.82) was significantly increased.
Compared with the T2DN microalbuminuria group, the Hcy level in the T2DN
macroalbuminuria group was considerably higher (WMD=2.12, 95% CI: 0.80–3.44,
p<0.001). High homocysteine levels were associated with an increased risk of
T2DN (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.20–1.54, p<0.001). In conclusion, circulating Hcy
levels are significantly associated with the severity of T2DN. In addition,
there was a significant association between high Hcy levels and an increased
risk of T2DN.
First experience using a new minimally invasive screw-rod system for completely percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the cervical spine
Authors: Scholz Christoph , Hohenhaus Marc , Hubbe UIrich , Volz Florian , Watzlawick Ralf , Beck Jürgen , Klingler Jan-Helge
Published: November 2024

Background and Study Aim
In contrast to the thoracolumbar spine, where pedicle screws can be inserted via a minimally invasive, percutaneous technique through small skin incisions, all previously available cervical instrumentation systems required a larger midline incision, especially for rod insertion. Screw placement via small incisions reduces the risk of wound healing disorders and blood loss, and patients can be mobilized more quickly and with less pain. In 2022, a cervical minimally invasive stabilization system became available for the complete percutaneous insertion of both cervical pedicle screws and rods. We report on the first results and experiences with this new technology.

Methods
In this retrospective case series, we included patients with cervical instability treated by minimally invasive percutaneous cervical und upper thoracic spine pedicle screw and rod insertion between August 2022 and August 2023. Intra- and postoperative complications as well as revision surgeries were recorded. The screw position was evaluated by three examiners in the postoperative CT using the Bredow classification.

Results
Our series includes six male patients (age=56.9±12.9 years; BMI=29.8±9.6 kg/m2). The indication for surgery was trauma, tumor and degenerative stenosis in two patients each. An excellent/good screw position (Bredow 1 and 2) was found in 84.4% of the screws (n = 27/32). None of the screws rated as Bredow 3 (n=2/32) or Bredow 4 (n=3/32) resulted in a neurological deficit or radicular pain and none had to be repositioned. No neurologic complication or revision surgery occurred. As a complication not directly related to the surgery technique, one patient died of a pulmonary lung embolism on the 7th postoperative day.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that minimally invasive percutaneous implantation of a pedicle screw-rod system is also possible in the cervical spine with sufficient accuracy using intraoperative navigation. However, technical details, possible pitfalls and finally careful patient selection must be taken into account.
Longer Interpregnancy Interval Is Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Recurrence
Authors: Peled Tzuria , Federmesser Daniella , Mazaki Eyal , Sela Hen Y. , Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Rottenstreich Misgav
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) recurrence rate in the subsequent pregnancies following an initial pregnancy complicated by GDM.

Study Design A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted. The study included women diagnosed with GDM during their index pregnancy who subsequently delivered between 26 and 42 weeks of gestation from 2005 to 2021. The study population was categorized into eight groups according to their IPIs: up to 3, 3–5, 6–11, 12–17, 18–23, 24–35, 36–47, and over 48 months. We examined the recurrence rate of GDM in the different groups while comparing it to the 18–23-month group that was defined as the reference group. Statistical analyses included univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression.

Results Out of 3,532 women who were included in the study, 1,776 (50.3%) experienced GDM recurrence in subsequent pregnancy. The recurrence rate was 44.6% for women IPI <6 months, 42.6% for women IPI of 6–11 months, 48.0% for women IPI of 12–17 months, 49.7% for women IPI of 18–23 months, 58.0% for women IPI of 24–47 months, and 62.6% for women IPI above 48 months. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that IPIs of 24–47 months and over 48 months were significantly associated with higher recurrence rates as compared with the 18–23-month reference group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66 [1.04–2.64] and 3.15 [1.07–9.29], respectively). This analysis also revealed other independent risk factors for GDM recurrence, including medication-controlled GDM in the index pregnancy, obesity, maternal age, parity, and gravidity.

Conclusion Longer IPIs (over 24 months) are associated with an increased risk of GDM recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. These findings suggest that clinicians should consider IPI while managing postpartum care and planning future pregnancies for women with a history of GDM.

Key Points
The Impact of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Treatment on Microtensile Bonds Strength of Composite Restoration for Carious Dentin in Primary and Permanent Teeth and Its Potential Color Changes: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Shaheen Sarah D. , Esmaeil Doaa A. M. , Ghobar Somaia
Published: November 2024

Objectives This study aims to examine the effects of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide (SDF/KI) treatment on the possible color changes and the microtensile bond strength of composite restorations to carious dentin in different dentitions.

Material and Methods A total of 48 sound human teeth were utilized in this study. Twenty-four primary molar teeth were divided into two groups. Each group has 12 teeth; group 1 received no pretreatment, while group 2 received SDF/KI treatment. Also, 24 permanent premolar teeth were divided into two groups. Group 3 received no pretreatment, and group 4 received SDF/KI treatment. For 7 days at 25 °C, every sample was submerged in a demineralizing solution. Following the manufacturer's guidelines for SDF/KI treatments, exposed dentin surfaces were promptly preserved in artificial saliva (pH 7.4) for 14 days. On the prepared teeth surfaces of the nontreated groups, deionized water was administered rather than SDF/KI. A self-etching bonding agent was used, and a 4-mm-thick composite restoration was constructed. Evaluations were conducted on color measurement, microtensile bond strength, and mode of failure.

Statistical Analysis The groups were compared using a one-way analysis of variance test, and a post hoc test was used for pairwise comparisons.

Result Regarding color measurement, in deciduous dentition, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Additionally, there is no discernible variation in ΔE values among various pretreatment groups in the permanent dentition. Microtensile bond strength did not differ significantly between permanent and deciduous teeth.

Conclusion A 14-day delay in the application of composite restoration can successfully conceal the color of SDF/KI without compromising the microtensile bond strength.
Classifying Three-Wall Intrabony Defects from Intraoral Radiographs Using Deep Learning–Based Convolutional Neural Network Models
Authors: Piroonsan Kanteera , Pimolbutr Kununya , Tansriratanawong Kallapat
Published: November 2024

Objective Intraoral radiographs are used in periodontal therapy to understand interdental bony health and defects. However, identifying three-wall bony defects is challenging due to their variations. Therefore, this study aimed to classify three-wall intrabony defects using deep learning–based convolutional neural network (CNN) models to distinguish between three-wall and non-three-wall bony defects via intraoral radiographs.

Materials and Methods A total of 1,369 radiographs were obtained from 556 patients who had undergone periodontal surgery. These radiographs, each featuring at least one area of intrabony defect, were categorized into 15 datasets based on the presence of three-wall or non-three-wall intrabony defects. We then trained six CNN models—InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50V2, MobileNetV3Large, EfficientNetV2B1, and VGG19—using these datasets. Model performance was assessed based on the area under curve (AUC), with an AUC value ≥ 0.7 considered acceptable. Various metrics were thoroughly examined, including accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and F1 score.

Results In datasets excluding circumferential defects from bitewing radiographs, InceptionResNetV2, ResNet50V2, MobileNetV3Large, and VGG19 achieved AUC values of 0.70, 0.73, 0.77, and 0.75, respectively. Among these models, the VGG19 model exhibited the best performance, with an accuracy of 0.75, precision of 0.78, recall of 0.82, specificity of 0.67, NPV of 0.88, and an F1 score of 0.75.

Conclusion The CNN models used in the study showed an AUC value of 0.7 to 0.77 for classifying three-wall intrabony defects. These values demonstrate the potential clinical application of this approach for periodontal examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning for periodontal surgery.
Innovative Approaches to Digital Health in Ovulation Detection: A Review of Current Methods and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Shkodzik Katerina
Published: November 2024

Ovulation is a vital sign, as significant as body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, in assessing overall health and identifying potential health issues. Ovulation is a key event of the menstrual cycle that provides insights into the hormonal and reproductive health aspects. Affected by the orchestra of hormones, namely thyroid, prolactin, and androgens, disruptions in ovulation can indicate endocrinological conditions and lead to gynecological problems, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular periods, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and difficulties in getting pregnant. Monitoring ovulation and detecting disruptions can aid in the early detection of health issues, extending beyond reproductive health concerns. It can help identify underlying causes of symptoms like excessive fatigue and abnormal hair growth. The integration of digital health technologies, such as mobile apps using machine learning algorithms, wearables tracking temperature, heart rate, breath rate, and sleep patterns, and devices measuring reproductive hormones in urine or saliva samples, offers a wealth of opportunities in family planning, early health issue diagnosis, treatment adjustment, and tracking menstrual cycles during assisted reproductive techniques. These advancements provide a comprehensive approach to health monitoring, addressing both reproductive and overall health concerns.
Reducing Vancomycin Dosage in Children on ECMO with Renal Impairment
Authors: Bobrowski Alexej , Höhn René , Kubicki Rouven , Fleck Thilo , Zürn Christoph , Maier Sven , Kari Fabian Alexander , Kroll Johannes , Stiller Brigitte
Published: November 2024

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can influence pharmacokinetics. We investigated the vancomycin dosage in children on ECMO compared to critically ill children to determine the necessary dosage adjustment on ECMO.

Methods Eight-year, single-center, retrospective cohort study at a tertiary heart center's pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) of children undergoing ECMO support. Our control group (non-ECMO) was critically ill children with delayed sternal closure after cardiac surgery. We included consecutively all children undergoing vancomycin administration. The starting dose was 10 to 15 mg/kg BW per dose, every 8 to 12 hours depending on age. The vancomycin trough level was maintained in the 10 to 20 μg/ml range.

Results 85 total courses on ECMO and 99 non-ECMO courses were included. The ECMO group's daily vancomycin dose was significantly lower than non-ECMO's at a median of 33.3 and 38.5 mg/kg/d, respectively (p < 0.001). Vancomycin serum trough levels were similar between groups and within the target range. The ECMO group's daily vancomycin dose dropped faster over time, with a dose on day 3 of 28.7 and 33.7 mg/kg/d, respectively. The impact of renal function on vancomycin dosing was more apparent in the ECMO group. If the renal function was reduced at the start of treatment, the vancomycin dose was lower in the ECMO group compared to the non-ECMO group with renal impairment (22.5 vs. 42.1 mg/kg/d; p < 0.001). When renal function was normal, the doses were similar between groups.

Conclusion In children on ECMO with impaired renal function at treatment initiation, lower vancomycin doses were necessary. Early therapeutic drug monitoring, even before reaching a steady state, should be considered.
All we need is a Silicon Valley: tech place as a strategic branding tool
Authors: Mashiah Itzhak
Published: November 2024

Does every country need its own “Silicon Valley”? This article delves into this question by examining the importance of place and image management. Globally, countries, cities, and regions strive to establish technology hubs, motivated by economic, marketing, and diplomatic factors. This current paper suggests that creating a new localized version of “Silicon Valley” within a country can serve as a powerful marketing tool, both on a domestic and international level. Nations can develop a technological identity and brand by adopting the Silicon Valley (SV) model and strategically projecting tech symbols to maintain this image for stakeholders. Such strategic branding of a tech hub can strengthen a nation’s reputation as a leader in innovation and technology, driving economic growth, fostering global partnerships, attracting investors, and promoting tourism.
Enhanced decoupling of conductivity relaxation from structural relaxation in non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquids involving triflic acid and 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate
Authors: You Jinhai , Mangialetto Jessica , Li Bing-Yu , Jia Xu , Wei Runhong , Niu Li , De Borggraeve Wim , Wübbenhorst Michael
Published: November 2024

The glass transition dynamics and conductivity relaxation are studied for a series of non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate and triflic acid with varying molar ratios (denoted as AT-55, AT-46, AT-37, AT-28, and AT-19) by broadband dielectric spectroscopy in a wide frequency (10−1–107 Hz) and temperature range (173–353 K). The results indicate that the addition of acid lowers the glass transition temperature, as confirmed by the activation energy fine structure analysis and a crossover in the conductivity relaxation time. Notably, samples with higher acid content deliver markedly increased conductivity. In addition, detailed analysis of the permittivity and modulus spectra reveals enhanced decoupling between the structural (α-process) and conductivity relaxation in samples with a higher acid content. Remarkably, nano-phase separation in AT-28 and AT-19 samples is observed, resulting in a second glass transition temperature indicating a more mobile phase. Based on the above-mentioned findings, we infer that increased acid content disrupts strong ionic interactions within the IL fraction, resulting in a decrease in the glass transition temperature and leading to nano-phase separation into distinct acid-rich and IL-rich phases with varying Tg values. This phase separation alters the long-range ionic pathways, shifting from being solely governed by IL cluster dynamics to a scenario where charge transport becomes largely decoupled from the dynamics of IL-rich clusters. Hence, modulating the stoichiometry of PILs appears a promising approach to enhance the conductivity together with widening the usable temperature range for applications.
Enhanced proton acceleration and collimation via vortex laser irradiated micro-tube foil target
Authors: He J. Z. , Dong H. , Wang W. P. , Leng Y. X. , Li R. X. , Xu Z. Z.
Published: November 2024

Laser-driven particle acceleration has attracted significant attention due to its potential for compact and cost-effective particle accelerator. Currently, the generation of highly collimated high-energy proton beams, essential for fundamental science and industry, remains a notable challenge using this technique. Here we present an effective scheme for generating such a high-quality proton beam via a circularly polarized Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser pulse irradiating a micro-tube foil target. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that numerous overdense electron bunches are pulled out from the micro-tube and accelerated forward by the laser fields, inducing a strong converging sheath field at the rear side of the target. As a result, highly collimated protons are accelerated forward by this sheath field, exhibiting a high-flux of 3 × 107 protons/MeV at a cutoff energy of 125 MeV, achieved at a LG laser intensity of 1.71 × 1021 W cm−2. This high-quality proton beam is desirable for medical and biophysical applications, such as FLASH radiotherapy.