bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Anemometer
Authors: Huang Chuan-Ying , Chan Pei-Wen , Chang Hung-Ying , Liu Wen-Fung
Published: July 2018

A novel fiber anemometer based on two pairs of fiber gratings is experimentally demonstrated and can simultaneously detect wind speed and wind direction. One pair of gratings, which are separated by 90° in space, is fixed on a small stainless steel pipe driven by a rotating disc for measuring the wind-direction angle. The other pair is composed of a sensing and a matched grating. The frequency of the spectrum-shifted of the sensing grating to overlap with that of the matched grating is employed for determining the wind speed. The errors in the wind-speed and wind-angle measurements are experimentally demonstrated to be less than 1%. The proposed fiber anemometer with a simple and durable structure can be applied in wind-powered electricity generators.
Direct Detection of Candida albicans with a Membrane Based Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Sensor
Authors: Kwasny Dorota , Tehrani Sheida Esmail , Almeida Catarina , Schjødt Ida , Dimaki Maria , Svendsen Winnie E.
Published: July 2018

Candidemia and invasive candidiasis is a cause of high mortality and morbidity rates among hospitalized patients worldwide. The occurrence of the infections increases due to the complexity of the patients and overuse of the antifungal therapy. The current Candida detection method includes blood culturing which is a lengthy procedure and thus delays the administration of the antifungal therapy. Even though the results are available after 48 h it is still the gold standard in pathogen detection in a hospital setting. In this work we present an electrochemical impedance sensor that is capable of detecting Candida albicans yeast. The yeast cells are captured on electrodes specifically functionalized with anti-Candida antibodies and detection is achieved by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor allows for detection of the yeast cells at clinically relevant concentrations in less than 1 h.
An Adaptive Nonlocal Mean Filter for PolSAR Data with Shape-Adaptive Patches Matching
Authors: Shen Peng , Wang Changcheng , Gao Han , Zhu Jianjun
Published: July 2018

The traditional nonlocal filters for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images are based on square patches matching to obtain homogeneous pixels in a large search window. However, it is still difficult for the regular patches to work well in the complex textured areas, even when the patch size has a small enough setting (e.g., 3 × 3 windows). Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive nonlocal mean filter with shape-adaptive patches matching (ANLM) for PolSAR images. Mainly, the shape-adaptive (SA) matching patches are constructed by combining the polarimetric likelihood ratio test for coherency matrices (PolLRT-CM) and the region growing (RG), which is called PolLRT-CMRG. It is used to distinguish the homogeneous and heterogeneous pixels in textured areas effectively. Then, to enhance the filtering effect, it is necessary to take the adaptive threshold selection of similarity test (Simi-Test) into consideration. The simulated, low spatial resolution SAR580-Convair and high spatial resolution ESAR PolSAR image datasets are selected for experiments. We make a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis for the filtered results. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed ANLM filter has better performance in speckle suppression and detail preservation than that of the traditional local and nonlocal filters.
3D Analysis of Upper Limbs Motion during Rehabilitation Exercises Using the KinectTM Sensor: Development, Laboratory Validation and Clinical Application
Authors: Bonnechère Bruno , Sholukha Victor , Omelina Lubos , Van Sint Jan Serge , Jansen Bart
Published: July 2018

Optoelectronic devices are the gold standard for 3D evaluation in clinics, but due to the complexity of this kind of hardware and the lack of access for patients, affordable, transportable, and easy-to-use systems must be developed to be largely used in daily clinics. The KinectTM sensor has various advantages compared to optoelectronic devices, such as its price and transportability. However, it also has some limitations: (in)accuracy of the skeleton detection and tracking as well as the limited amount of available points, which makes 3D evaluation impossible. To overcome these limitations, a novel method has been developed to perform 3D evaluation of the upper limbs. This system is coupled to rehabilitation exercises, allowing functional evaluation while performing physical rehabilitation. To validate this new approach, a two-step method was used. The first step was a laboratory validation where the results obtained with the KinectTM were compared with the results obtained with an optoelectronic device; 40 healthy young adults participated in this first part. The second step was to determine the clinical relevance of this kind of measurement. Results of the healthy subjects were compared with a group of 22 elderly adults and a group of 10 chronic stroke patients to determine if different patterns could be observed. The new methodology and the different steps of the validations are presented in this paper.
Huber’s Non-Linearity for GNSS Interference Mitigation †
Authors: Borio Daniele , Li Haoqing , Closas Pau
Published: July 2018

Satellite-based navigation is prevalent in both commercial applications and critical infrastructures, providing precise position and time referencing. As a consequence, interference to such systems can have repercussions on a plethora of fields. Additionally, Privacy Preserving Devices (PPD)—jamming devices—are relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain, potentially denying the service in a wide geographical area. Current jamming mitigation technology is based on interference cancellation approaches, requiring the detection and estimation of the interference waveform. Recently, the Robust Interference Mitigation (RIM) framework was proposed, which leverages results in robust statistics by treating the jamming signal as an outlier. It has the advantage of rejecting jamming signals without detecting or estimating its waveform. In this paper, we extend the framework to situations where the jammer is sparse in some transformed domain other than the time domain. Additionally, we analyse the use of Huber’s non-linearity within RIM and derive its loss of efficiency. We compare its performance to state-of-the-art techniques and to other RIM solutions, with both synthetic and real signals, showing remarkable results.
Impact Monitoring for Aircraft Smart Composite Skins Based on a Lightweight Sensor Network and Characteristic Digital Sequences
Authors: Qiu Lei , Deng Xiaolei , Yuan Shenfang , Huang YongAn , Ren Yuanqiang
Published: July 2018

Due to the growing use of composite materials in aircraft structures, Aircraft Smart Composite Skins (ASCSs) which have the capability of impact monitoring for large-scale composite structures need to be developed. However, the impact of an aircraft composite structure is a random transient event that needs to be monitored on-line continuously. Therefore, the sensor network of an ASCS and the corresponding impact monitoring system which needs to be installed on the aircraft as an on-board device must meet the requirements of light weight, low power consumption and high reliability. To achieve this point, an Impact Region Monitor (IRM) based on piezoelectric sensors and guided wave has been proposed and developed. It converts the impact response signals output from piezoelectric sensors into Characteristic Digital Sequences (CDSs), and then uses a simple but efficient impact region localization algorithm to achieve impact monitoring with light weight and low power consumption. However, due to the large number of sensors of ASCS, the realization of lightweight sensor network is still a key problem to realize an applicable ASCS for on-line and continuous impact monitoring. In this paper, three kinds of lightweight piezoelectric sensor networks including continuous series sensor network, continuous parallel sensor network and continuous heterogeneous sensor network are proposed. They can greatly reduce the lead wires of the piezoelectric sensors of ASCS and they can also greatly reduce the monitoring channels of the IRM. Furthermore, the impact region localization methods, which are based on the CDSs and the lightweight sensor networks, are proposed as well so that the lightweight sensor networks can be applied to on-line and continuous impact monitoring of ASCS with a large number of piezoelectric sensors. The lightweight piezoelectric sensor networks and the corresponding impact region localization methods are validated on the composite wing box of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The accuracy rate of impact region localization is higher than 92%.
Substituted 2-Aminobenzothiazoles Salicylidenes Synthesis and Characterization as Cyanide Sensors in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Elsafy Anas G. , Al-Easa Hala Sultan , Hijji Yousef M.
Published: July 2018

(E)-2-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1 and (E)-2-(((6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 2 were synthesized efficiently under microwave conditions. The structures were confirmed using IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. UV-vis. Fluorescence investigations demonstrated that 1 and 2 are sensitive and selective sensors for detection of cyanide over all other anions SCN−, AcO−, N3−, H2PO4−, H2AsO4−, F−, Cl−, Br−, and I− in aqueous media. Cyanide induces colorimetric change from pale yellow to dark yellow and from transparent to pale yellow for 1 and 2, respectively. It enhances the absorption at wavelengths 385 nm and 425 nm of 1 and 385 nm and 435 nm of 2. Acidic anions H2PO4− and H2AsO4− displayed significant interference with the interaction of cyanide and sensors 1 and 2. Sensor 1 has lower detection limit (LDL) 1 × 10−6 M, while 2 has LDL 1.35 × 10−6 M.
Thermal Response of Jointed Rock Masses Inferred from Infrared Thermographic Surveying (Acuto Test-Site, Italy)
Authors: Fiorucci Matteo , Marmoni Gian Marco , Martino Salvatore , Mazzanti Paolo
Published: July 2018

The Mediterranean region is affected by considerable daily and seasonal temperature variations due to intense solar radiation. In mid-seasons, thermal excursions can exceed tens of degrees thus influencing the long-term behaviour of jointed rock masses acting as a preparatory factor for rock slope instabilities. In order to evaluate the thermal response of a densely jointed rock-block, monitoring has been in operation since 2016 by direct and remote sensing techniques in an abandoned quarry in Acuto (central Italy). Monthly InfraRed Thermographic (IRT) surveys were carried out on its exposed faces and along sections of interest across monitored main joints. The results highlight the daily and seasonal cyclical behaviour, constraining amplitudes and rates of heating and cooling phases. The temperature time-series revealed the effect of sun radiation and exposure on thermal response of the rock-block, which mainly depends on the seasonal conditions. The influence of opened joints in the heat propagation is revealed by the differential heating experienced across it, which was verified under 1D and 2D analysis. IRT has proved to be a valid monitoring technique in supporting traditional approaches, for the definition of the surficial temperature distribution on rock masses or stone building materials.
Organic Feed: A Bottleneck for the Development of the Livestock Sector and Its Transition to Sustainability?
Authors: Escribano Alfredo J.
Published: July 2018

There is a current need to increase global livestock production in line with consumers’ preferences for more sustainable and ‘natural’ products. Organic farming is considered among the potential production systems and market strategies that could be employed to cope with this change. Animal nutrition is key, as it greatly influences feed efficiency, animal health, and sustainability. Under situations where animal health care is technically more challenging, due to limitations in the use of veterinary drugs (such as in organic farming), the importance of feed is even higher. However, the there is a lack of commercially available permitted feed ingredients and the range of feed additives on the market is limited. This is partially due to the fact that organic regulations are mainly followed to ensure that pure organic methods are used, instead of trying attain the core goal of complying with organic principles and contributing to the sustainability of the sector. For example, improved animal health and animal welfare through the use of non-organically certified feed additives is needed. This lack of availability, along with difficulties for the feed industry to become organic, affects the development of sustainability in the livestock sector (which should be the final objective of organic farming) in both already organic livestock/feed companies and those still producing under the conventional system. In this context, the presented work may be interesting to producers and policymakers, as it is aimed at providing a critical view of the relationship between the market and the needs of the livestock sector, the sustainability challenge, and organic farming regulations as applied to animal nutrition.
Sustainability Descriptive Labels on Farmed Salmon: Do Young Educated Consumers Like It More?
Authors: Liem Djin Gie , Turchini Giovanni M. , Wanich Uracha , Keast Russell
Published: July 2018

Despite the efforts to make fish sustainable, it is largely unknown if young educated consumers’ taste of fish and their willingness to pay more for fish is influenced by positively framed messages regarding sustainable farming practices. This research investigated if a positively framed description of sustainable farming opposed to positively framed descriptions of flavour, health benefits, or socially responsible farming, influences young consumers’ liking, and willingness to pay for farmed salmon. Young consumers of fish (n = 119) randomly tasted Fresh and hot Smoked salmon and rated their liking and willingness to pay more on structured line scales. The salmon were labelled with either a description of sustainable farming practices, flavour benefits, nutrition/health benefits, socially responsible farming practices, or no descriptions. Descriptive labelling about Sustainability (p = 0.04), Flavour (p = 0.01), and Health/nutrition (p = 0.01) significantly increased consumers’ liking of Fresh salmon compared to Fresh salmon without labelling. No such a difference was found between the social responsibility label and the sample without labels (p = 0.2). Participants were willing to pay more for 250 g of Fresh and Smoked Salmon with descriptive labels (Fresh: $9.3 ± $0.003; Smoked: $10.1 ± $0.003), than for the same Salmon without such labels (Fresh: $9.0 ± $0.06; Smoked: $9.8 ± $0.08) (p < 0.001). The sustainability descriptive label had no added benefit above other descriptive labels. The liking and buying intent were, for all labels and fish types, strongly correlated (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). In conclusion, sustainability labelling is promising, but does not differentiate from other positively framed messages.
Regional Differences and Spatial Aggregation of Sustainable Transport Efficiency: A Case Study of China
Authors: Ma Fei , Li Xiaodan , Sun Qipeng , Liu Fei , Wang Wenlin , Bai Libiao
Published: July 2018

In the past few decades, traffic congestion, traffic accidents, and air pollution caused by transport become increasingly serious in China, so the issue of sustainable development of transport has attracted much attention. This study explores the development level of provincial sustainable transport in China, measures the level of sustainable development of China’s transport from the perspective of transport efficiency, and analyzes the differences and spatial effects of sustainable transport development. The undesired output of the super slacks-based-measurement data envelopment analysis (US-SBM-DEA) model is used to measure the sustainable transport efficiency (STE) in different provinces of China, and then the coefficient of variation (CV) and Gini coefficient (GC) are used to explore the regional differences of STE. Finally, we analyze the spatial aggregation of STE by the index of Moran’s I. The results show that the regional mean of STE presents a distribution in the order of eastern > western > central > northeastern regions. The CV reveals that there is a local σ-convergence in the STE differences among the four regions during the study period. The Moran scatter plot of STE shows that the provincial STEs in China are mainly the aggregations of high–low and low–low with the latter being more obvious. The GC basically remained at a relatively stable level during 2007–2015 while quickly decreased in 2016. i.e., the equity of sustainable transport increased dramatically in 2016. These results meet the actual development of the sustainable transport in China’s provinces and reflect the level of sustainable transport efficiency more objectively. The results of this study provides theoretical support for the provincial governments to formulate efficient transport policies.
Mitigating Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Emission from Electrical Equipment in China
Authors: Zhou Sheng , Teng Fei , Tong Qing
Published: July 2018

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a powerful greenhouse gas with high global warming potential. Future growth in SF6 use will be driven mainly by increasing demand for electricity and associated infrastructure in developing countries. In relation to electrical equipment, China currently produces the largest proportion of SF6 emissions. Because of the long lifetimes of electrical equipment, SF6 emissions are substantially different from its consumption, which has been used as an inaccurate proxy for emission estimations, i.e., the so-called “delayed emission effect.” This study established a model to estimate SF6 emissions by considering the delay through equipment survival, retirement curve, and equipment life cycles. Three scenarios were established to model the potential for mitigation of SF6 emissions from electrical equipment. The results showed considerable delayed effects in SF6 emissions associated with electrical equipment. By 2050, the cumulative delayed emission was projected to be 50–249 kt under the different scenarios, which would be 1.2–6.0 GtCO2e. Therefore, replacing emissions with consumption could overestimate actual short-term emissions by 1–2 times. Although electrification in end-use sectors and high penetration of renewables in generation could lower global emissions substantially, SF6 emissions by 2050 could still increase by 15 kt (i.e., 0.36 GtCO2e) if mitigation measures are not adopted. Thus, a low-carbon electricity roadmap should be complemented by careful management of electrical equipment. The potential for mitigation of SF6 emissions could be realized through demand-side management to reduce electricity demand and through technological improvements on the supply side to reduce leakage and increase recovery.
From Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) to Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN): A Mapping Review of Algorithm-Based LCA
Authors: Skaar Christofer , Labonnote Nathalie , Gradeci Klodian
Published: July 2018

The building industry is responsible for approximately 40% of energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union (EU). The most efficient way of reducing a building’s environmental impact is addressing it in the design stage. Here, design freedom is the greatest, but uncertainty is high and there is a nearly limitless number of design options. Based on experiences with zero emission buildings (ZEB) and zero emission neighbourhoods (ZEN), a mapping review has been conducted to analyse how parametric life cycle assessment (LCA) and algorithms have been used to address neighbourhoods, buildings, and construction materials. Results have identified a general gap of knowledge regarding the use of parametric LCA models for decision-support purposes, demonstrated by the substantial focus on analytical methods compared to procedural methods. Implications for the evolution from ZEB to ZEN are twofold: (i) an integrated approach with multiple tools and methods is required, and (ii) further development of algorithms in the tool are needed to address complexity, sensitivity, and uncertainty. This study is expected to foster the development of algorithmic approaches to improve the ZEB tool as a decision-support tool. Further research should address the key questions of when and how.
Conversion of Vertical Slot Fishways to Deep Slot Fishways to Maintain Operation during Low Flows: Implications for Hydrodynamics
Authors: Pena Luís , Puertas Jerónimo , Bermúdez María , Cea Luis , Peña Enrique
Published: July 2018

Deep slot fishways (DSF) are similar to vertical slot fishways (VSF) except that a sill has been placed at the base of the slot, and thus require a lower discharge to operate. The conversion of a VSF to a DSF, which requires minimal design modifications, can make for a more flexible design in inflow management, maintaining the correct operation of the fishway in periods of limited water availability. It is, however, crucial to understand the new flow conditions that will be created inside the fishway, and their implications for fish passage. In this paper, the hydrodynamics of DSF were studied for two different pool configurations and five sill heights. The investigation comprised the analysis of the water surface configuration, the velocity and turbulence fields, as well as the definition of the equations that related discharges to depths in the pools. The DSF designs compared well in terms of water surface patterns and maximum velocities with VSFs, but resulted in a more complex three-dimensional flow pattern and increased turbulence levels. Further testing with fish is needed to analyze whether the benefits of retrofitting a VSF by adding a sill during low flows are cancelled out by increased fish passage difficulty.
Impact of Spatial Aggregation Level of Climate Indicators on a National-Level Selection for Representative Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Seo Seung Beom , Kim Young-Oh
Published: July 2018

For sustainable management of water resources, adaptive decisions should be determined considering future climate change. Since decision makers have difficulty in formulating a decision when they should consider a large number of climate change scenarios, selecting a subset of Global Circulation Models (GCM) outputs for climate change impact studies is required. In this study, the Katsavounidis-Kuo-Zhang (KKZ) algorithm was used for representative climate change scenarios selection and a comprehensive analysis has been done through a national-level case study of South Korea. The KKZ algorithm was applied to select a subset of GCMs for each subbasin in South Korea. To evaluate impacts of spatial aggregation level of climate data sets on preserving inter-model variability of hydrologic variables, three different scales (national level, river region level, subbasin level) were tested. It was found that only five GCMs selected by KKZ algorithm can explain almost of whole inter-model variability driven by all the 27 GCMs under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. Furthermore, a single set of representative GCMs selected for national level was able to explain inter-model variability on almost the whole subbasins. In case of low flow variable, however, use of finer scale of climate data sets was recommended.
Complexation of the Mycotoxin Cyclopiazonic Acid with Lanthanides Yields Luminescent Products
Authors: Maragos Chris M.
Published: July 2018

Cycopiazonic acid (CPA) is a neurotoxin that acts through inhibition of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). CPA blocks the calcium access channel of the enzyme. The inhibition may involve the binding of CPA with a divalent cation such as Mg2+. The potential for CPA to act as a chelator also has implications for methods to detect this toxin. Certain of the lanthanide metals undergo a dramatic increase in luminescence upon coordination with small molecules that can transfer excitation energy to the metal. This report is the first to describe the coordination of CPA with lanthanide metals, resulting in a substantial enhancement of their luminescence. The luminescence expressed was dependent upon the type of lanthanide, its concentration, and the environment (solvent, water content, pH). Based upon the phenomenon, a competitive assay was also developed wherein terbium (Tb3+) and a series of metal cations competed for binding with CPA. With increasing cation concentration, the luminescence of the CPA/Tb3+ complex was inhibited. The chlorides of ten metals were tested. Inhibition was best with Cu2+, followed by Co2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Au3+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Two cations in oxidation state one (Na+, K+) did not inhibit the interaction significantly. The interaction of CPA with lanthanides provides a novel recognition assay for this toxin. It also provides a novel way to probe the binding of CPA to metals, giving insights into CPA’s mechanism of action.
Mitral Kissing Vegetation and Acquired Aortic Valve Stenosis Secondary to Infectious Endocarditis in a Goat with Suppurative Mastitis
Authors: Watson Antonio , Sookram Vade , Driscoll Marc , Morris Michael , Suepaul Rod , López-Alvarez Jordi , Corradini Ignacio
Published: July 2018

A six-year-old female goat was presented to the veterinary teaching hospital of the University of the West Indies with a history of progressive hind-limb paresis lasting two weeks. The doe developed a grade 6/6 holosystolic murmur during hospitalisation. Echocardiography revealed vegetative growths attached to cusps of the mitral and aortic valves. There was an accelerated aortic flow at 2.9 m/s and aortic insufficiency. The aortic vegetation was prolapsing into the left ventricle during diastole, causing it to contact the septal mitral valve leaflet. A diagnosis of mitral and aortic vegetative endocarditis, with a mitral kissing vegetation and mild aortic stenosis, was reached. The patient was placed on broad-spectrum antimicrobials. A short-term follow-up showed no resolution of clinical signs, and the animal eventually died. Post-mortem examination showed severe vegetative, fibrino-necrotic, aortic and mitral valve lesions. The goat also had a severe fibrino-suppurative mastitis. Histopathology confirmed the lesions to be vegetative endocarditis.
Host–guest complexes of conformationally flexibleC-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and aromaticN-oxides: solid-state, solution and computational studies
Authors: Puttreddy Rakesh , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Taimoory S Maryamdokht , Meister Daniel , Trant John F , Rissanen Kari
Published: July 2018

Host–guest complexes ofC-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene (BrC6) with twelve potential aromaticN-oxide guests were studied using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and1H NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, of the nine obtained X-ray crystal structures, eight were consistent with the formation of BrC6-N-oxideendocomplexes. The lone exception was from the association between 4-phenylpyridineN-oxide and BrC6, in that case the host forms a self-inclusion complex. BrC6, as opposed to more rigid previously studiedC-ethyl-2-bromoresorcinarene andC-propyl-2-bromoresorcinarene, undergoes remarkable cavity conformational changes to host differentN-oxide guests through C–H···π(host)interactions. In solution phase CD3OD/CDCl3(1:1 v/v), all twelveN-oxide guests formendocomplexes according to1H NMR; however, in more polar CD3OD/DMSO-d6(9:1 v/v), only threeN-oxides with electron-donating groups form solution-phaseendocomplexes with BrC6. In solid-state studies, 3-methylpyridineN-oxide+BrC6 crystallises with both the upper- and lower-rim BrC6 cavities occupied byN-oxide guests. Computational DFT-based studies support that lower-rim long hexyl chains provide the additional stability required for this ditopic behaviour. The lower-rim cavity, far from being a neutral hydrophobic environment, is a highly polarizable electrostatically positive surface, aiding in the binding of polar guests such asN-oxides.
SOCIALINĖS ATSAKOMYBĖS PRINCIPŲ SKLAIDA STATYBŲ SEKTORIAUS ĮMONĖSE LIETUVOJE / SPREADING OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRINCIPLES IN THE COMPANIES OF CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Rakštelytė Jūratė , Lobanova Liudmila
Published: July 2018

The article analyzes corporate social responsibility, its methods of evaluation, standards and indicators. An analysis of the involvement of Lithuanian companies in the field of social responsibility in the largest construction companies is also being carried out. The article analyzes the main problem areas that prevent effective implementation of the principles of social responsibility in the construction sector. The solutions for Lithuanian construction companies are presented in order to more effectively engage and develop a social responsibility initiative, as well as reveal the benefits of social responsibility that would be important not only for the company itself, but also contribute to the welfare of our society as a whole. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojama įmonių socialinė atsakomybė, jos vertinimo metodai, standartai ir rodikliai, atli-ekama Lietuvos didžiausių statybų sektoriaus įmonių įsitraukimo į socialinės atsakomybės veiklą analizė, nagrinėjamos pagrindinės probleminės sritys, neleidžiančios efektyviai vykdyti socialinės atsakomybės principų diegimo statybų sektoriuje. Pateikiami sprendimai, skirti Lietuvos statybų sektoriaus įmonėms, siekiant veiksmingiau įsitraukti bei plėtoti socialinės atsakomybės iniciatyvą, atskleidžiama socialinės atsakomybės nauda, kuri būtų svarbi ne tik pačiai įmonei, bet ir prisidėtų prie visos mūsų visuomenės gerovės kūrimo.
PASLAUGOS SAMPRATOS AKTUALIZAVIMAS ŠIUOLAIKINĖJE VADYBOJE / REDEFINING SERVICE NOTION IN CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Skačkauskienė Ilona , Vestertė Jurga
Published: July 2018

According to the World Bank’s figures, the service sector accounts for 69% of the global GDP and continues to expand. This growth takes place in the environment what has significantly changed and become more complex in the recent decades due to globalisation, the rapid development of technologies, social change, and government regulation. On the one hand, the services perceive a great deal of attention from the researchers because of their increasing importance in the economy. On the other hand, the unique transformations in services’ context raise the question of how the service notion is interpreted by the modern society, and whether services definition in the scientific literature considers the realities of the present era. The article, presenting the historical context, analyses the change in service definition and highlights the reasons behind this change. Based on the analysed service concepts found in the scientific literature and the results of the survey conducted, the service definition is updated so that it corresponds more to the contemporary management needs. The article employs the methods of comparative analysis, critical evaluation, abstraction, synthesis, and questionnaire survey.

Santrauka

Pasaulio banko teigimu, paslaugų sektorius sudaro didžiąją dalį (69 proc.) pasaulinio BVP ir toliau auga. Šis augimas vyksta aplinkoje, kuri per paskutinius dešimtmečius dėl globalizacijos, sparčiai tobulėjančių technologijų, socialinių pokyčių, vyriausybinio reguliavimo labai pasikeitė ir tapo daug sudėtingesnė. Viena vertus, paslaugos dėl išaugusios reikšmės ekonomikoje sulaukia didelio mokslininkų dėmesio, kita vertus, unikalias transformacijas patiriantis paslaugų kontekstas aktualizuoja paslaugos sampratos ir interpretavimo šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje klausimą – ar mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamos paslaugų apibrėžtys atspindi dabartinio laikotarpio realijas? Straipsnyje, pristatant istorinį kontekstą, analizuojama paslaugos apibrėžties kaita, išryškinamos šią kaitą lėmusios priežastys. Remiantis išanalizuotais paslaugos sąvokos apibūdinimais mokslinėje literatūroje ir atliktos apklausos rezultatais, siūloma aktualizuota ir šiuolaikinės vadybos poreikius atitinkanti paslaugos apibrėžtis. Straipsnyje taikyti lyginamosios analizės, kritinio vertinimo, abstrahavimo, sintezės ir anketinės apklausos metodai.
SHINING, A Survey of Far-infrared Lines in Nearby Galaxies. II. Line-deficit Models, AGN Impact, [C ii]–SFR Scaling Relations, and Mass–Metallicity Relation in (U)LIRGs
Authors: Herrera-Camus R. , Sturm E. , Graciá-Carpio J. , Lutz D. , Contursi A. , Veilleux S. , Fischer J. , González-Alfonso E. , Poglitsch A. , Tacconi L. , Genzel R. , Maiolino R. , Sternberg A. , Davies R. , Verma A.
Published: July 2018

The SHINING survey offers a great opportunity to study the properties of the ionized and neutral media of galaxies from prototypical starbursts and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to heavily obscured objects. Based on Herschel/PACS observations of the main far-infrared (FIR) fine-structure lines, in this paper, we analyze the physical mechanisms behind the observed line deficits in galaxies, the apparent offset of luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) from the mass–metallicity relation, and the scaling relations between [C ii] 158 μm line emission and star formation rate (SFR). Based on a toy model and the Cloudy code, we conclude that the increase in the ionization parameter with FIR surface brightness can explain the observed decrease in the line-to-FIR continuum ratio of galaxies. In the case of the [C ii] line, the increase in the ionization parameter is accompanied by a reduction in the photoelectric heating efficiency and the inability of the line to track the increase in the FUV radiation field as galaxies become more compact and luminous. In the central approximately kiloparsec regions of AGN galaxies, we observe a significant increase in the [O i] 63 μm/[C ii] line ratio; the AGN impact on the line-to-FIR ratios fades on global scales. Based on extinction-insensitive metallicity measurements of LIRGs, we confirm that they lie below the mass–metallicity relation, but the offset is smaller than those reported in studies that use optical-based metal abundances. Finally, we present scaling relations between [C ii] emission and SFR in the context of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies.
Stellar Mass Profiles of Quiescent Galaxies in Different Environments at z ∼ 0
Authors: Mosleh Moein , Tavasoli Saeed , Tacchella Sandro
Published: July 2018

We present the stellar mass profiles of 147 isolated quiescent galaxies in very low-density environments (i.e., void regions) in the local universe (0.01 < z < 0.06) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These galaxies have stellar masses between 9.8 ≲ log(M
*/M
⊙) ≲ 11.2 and they represent ∼15% of the whole galaxy population in the void regions down to M

r
 = −19. We do not find any isolated quiescent galaxies with log(M
*/M
⊙) ≳ 11.2. We compare the stellar mass profiles of these isolated quiescent galaxies with those of the profiles of stellar mass-matched samples of the quiescent galaxies in group and cluster environments. We find that, at a fixed mass, quiescent galaxies in voids have similar central (1 kpc) mass densities (Σ1) and central velocity dispersions (σ
1) compared to their counterparts in groups and clusters. We show that quiescent galaxies in voids have at most 10%–25% smaller half-mass (and half-light) sizes compared to quiescent galaxies in groups and clusters. We conclude that for the intermediate stellar mass range of 1010–1011
M
⊙ in the local universe, environmental mechanisms have no significant additional effect on the mass profiles of the quiescent galaxies.
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) Catalogs of Galactic Globular Cluster. VI. Improved Data Reduction and Internal-kinematic Analysis of NGC 362
Authors: Libralato Mattia , Bellini Andrea , van der Marel Roeland P. , Anderson Jay , Watkins Laura L. , Piotto Giampaolo , Ferraro Francesco R. , Nardiello Domenico , Vesperini Enrico
Published: July 2018

We present an improved data-reduction technique to obtain high-precision proper motions (PMs) of globular clusters (GCs) using Hubble Space Telescope data. The new reduction is superior to the one presented in the first paper of this series for the faintest sources in very crowded fields. We choose the GC NGC 362 as a benchmark to test our new procedures. We measure PMs of 117,450 sources in the field, showing that we are able to obtain a PM precision better than 10 μas yr−1 for bright stars. We make use of this new PM catalog of NGC 362 to study the cluster’s internal kinematics. We investigate the velocity dispersion profiles of the multiple stellar populations hosted by NGC 362 and find new pieces of information on the kinematics of first- and second-generation stars. We analyze the level of energy equipartition of the cluster and find direct evidence for its post-core-collapsed state from kinematic arguments alone. We refine the dynamical mass of the blue stragglers (BSs) and study possible kinematic differences between BSs formed by collisions and mass transfer. We also measure no significant cluster rotation in the plane of the sky. Finally, we measure the absolute PM of NGC 362 and of the background stars belonging to the Small Magellanic Cloud, finding a good agreement with previous estimates in the literature. We make the PM catalog publicly available.
Inner Source C+/O+ Pickup Ions Produced by Solar Wind Recycling, Neutralization, Backscattering, Sputtering, and Sputtering-induced Recycling
Authors: Quinn P. R. , Schwadron N. A. , Möbius E. , Taut A. , Berger L.
Published: July 2018

Inner source pickup ions (PUIs) are believed to be created by the interaction between the solar wind and interplanetary dust grains. The production mechanism, however, is not well understood. We use the Stopping Range of Ions in Matter and Energetic Particle Radiation Environment Module to simulate the production and transport of inner source C+ and O+ produced by five mechanisms: solar wind recycling, neutralization, backscattering, sputtering, and sputtering-induced recycling. This is the first study to consider backscattering and sputtering-induced recycling. We compare the velocity distribution function (VDF) and C+/O+ abundance ratio to observations from the charge-time-of-flight instrument on board the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory. Observations reveal a new constraint: a broad VDF at 1 au with a possible cutoff near twice the solar wind speed—suggesting that inner source PUIs are injected into the solar wind at near-zero speeds. In light of this constraint and our model-data comparison, backscattering and sputtering-induced recycling satisfy the most production constraints. However, based on intensity, sputtering and sputtering-induced recycling are the dominant mechanisms.
Shocked Interstellar Clouds and Dust Grain Destruction in the LMC Supernova Remnant N132D
Authors: Dopita Michael A. , Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Sutherland Ralph S. , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Ruiter Ashley J. , Ghavamian Parviz
Published: July 2018

From integral field data we extract the optical spectra of 20 shocked clouds in the supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Using self-consistent shock modeling, we derive the shock velocity, pre-shock cloud density, and shock ram pressure in these clouds. We show that the [Fe x] and [Fe xiv] emission arises in faster, partially radiative shocks moving through the lower-density gas near the periphery of the clouds. In these shocks dust has been effectively destroyed, while in the slower cloud shocks the dust destruction is incomplete until the recombination zone of the shock has been reached. These dense interstellar clouds provide a sampling of the general interstellar medium (ISM) of the LMC. Our shock analysis allows us to make a new determination of the ISM chemical composition in N, O, Ne, S, Cl, and Ar, and to obtain accurate estimates of the fraction of refractory grains destroyed. From the derived cloud shock parameters, we estimate cloud masses and show that the clouds previously existed as typical self-gravitating Bonnor–Ebert spheres into which converging cloud shocks are now being driven.
A new species of Rhodocybe sect. Rufobrunnea (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Italy
Authors: Vizzini Alfredo , Ferrari Renato Jonny , Ercole Enrico , Fellin Alessandro
Published: July 2018

Rhodocybefumanellii is described from Italy as a new species based both on morphological and molecular nrITS/nrLSU data. It belongs in sect. Rufobrunnea and is characterised by massive tricholomatoid basidiomata with reddish-brown tinges, adnate and crowded lamellae, an enlarged stipe base with long rhizomorphs, long sinuose slender cheilocystidia, ellipsoid basidiospores and the presence of caulocystidia. Drawings of the main micromorphological features as well as a colour photograph of fresh basidiomata in situ are provided and its morphological relationships with allied species are discussed.
Identifying representative case studies for ecosystem services mapping and assessment across Europe
Authors: Geneletti Davide , Adem Esmail Blal , Cortinovis Chiara
Published: July 2018

A key task in the ESMERALDA project dealt with identifying appropriate case studies to test the 'flexible methodology' in its different stages of development. Case studies consist of working examples in which mapping and assessment of ecosystem services were applied to address specific decision-making problems. Testing is understood as an iterative process of co-learning that involves project partners and stakeholders, enabling the refinement of the 'flexible methodology' and the development of guidelines to support its application. Testing is conducted through a series of workshops in different European contexts, each addressing a different set of themes and regions.

This paper illustrates the selection of case studies for testing the ESMERALDA 'flexible methodology' in its different stages of development. Particularly, case studies had to be selected in such a way that they are representative of: (i) the variety of existing conditions across the EU, in terms of data availability, spatial scale, levels of implementation of EU 2020 targets and expertise and experience in ES mapping and assessment; (ii) the geographical regions and biomes of the entire EU, including marine areas and the outermost regions; (iii) the variety of cross-EU themes relevant for ecosystem services, such as the Common Agricultural Policy, Green Infrastructure, Natura 2000 network, forestry strategy, water policy, energy, business and industry sectors and health; (iv) the variety of policy and planning processes that can be used to mainstream ecosystem services in real-life decisions, such as spatial and land use planning, water resource management, flooding under the EU climate adaptation action, energy policy, strategic environmental assessment, protected area planning.
Postdrama culture in Ecuador and Spain: Methodological framework and comparative study
Authors: Orosa-Roldán Miguel-Ángel , López-López Paulo-Carlos
Published: July 2018

This paper results from a neo-functionalist constructivist theory as the one allowing us to understand that dialogue processes and social participation build culture with a dynamic and civic vision, as opposed to organic and much more conservative visions. The main objective is to create a panel of analysis of plays from the point of view of drama (sense) and post-drama (nonsense), introducing cross-cutting concepts such as identity, interculturality and participation. The second objective, and as a way to validate these panels, is to analyze in a comparative way the similarities and differences of two types of post-theater manifestations in Spanish, Europe and Andean theater, particularly in Ecuador. This descriptive and qualitative research applies the analytical-synthetic method to approach the study of seven plays of dramatic and postdramatic nature. As a result, the usefulness of these panels developed to carry out this type of study on the elements of order and chaos, as well as to understand internal and external participation, is validated. As a general conclusion, it is observed that the current Ecuadorian plays respond to a post-drama culture that uses elements of the unitary dramatic stage and differential factors of Andean character.

El presente trabajo parte de la teoría constructivista neo-funcionalista como aquella que permite entender que los procesos de diálogo y participación social son los que construyen cultura, asumiendo una visión dinámica y cívica de la misma, en contraposición a las visiones orgánicas y mucho más conservadoras. El objetivo principal es el de crear un panel de análisis de obras teatrales desde el punto de vista del drama (sentido) y del posdrama (sinsentido), introduciendo de forma transversal conceptos tales como identidad, interculturalidad y participación. El objetivo secundario, y como forma de validación de los paneles, es el de analizar de forma comparada las similitudes y diferencias de dos tipos de manifestaciones del posteatro en lengua española, Europa y el teatro andino, particularmente en Ecuador. La investigación, con un marcado carácter descriptivo y con una visión cualitativa, ha utilizado el método analítico-sintético para abordar un total de siete obras con un modelo de análisis dramático y posdramático. Como resultado, se ve validada la utilidad de dichos paneles desarrollados para realizar este tipo de estudio sobre los elementos del orden y el caos, a la vez que para comprender la participación interna y externa. Como conclusión general, se observa que las obras ecuatorianas actuales responden a una cultura del posdrama que hace uso de elementos de la etapa dramática unitaria y de factores diferenciales de carácter indígena.