bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and Kinematic Analysis of the Isomorphic Mechanism of a Parallel Structure for Translational Movements of the Output Link
Authors: Edakina T.V. , Edakin A.I. , Samoilova V.V. , Ramzhaev V.S.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the mechanism of a parallel structure with three degrees of freedom, having the property of isomorphism. The ratio between the movements in the drive and the movements of the output link is constant. This is due to the fact that all linear drivers are located parallel to the corresponding axes of the fixed coordinate system, and in each kinematic chain there are two rotational kinematic pairs, the which axes are parallel to the axes of the corresponding linear drivers. In addition, each kinematic chain has two dyads that provide linear motion of the linear driver rod. On the basis of the developed three-dimensional model, a structural analysis of the mechanism with determination of the number of degrees of freedom and solving the problem of its positions was carried out. The proposed mechanism can be applied in many areas of activity of industrial enterprises, including additive technologies due to the growth of automation, robotization and the development of artificial intelligence.
Effect of the Wake Vortex on the Mutual Safety of Winged Aircraft Following the Same Route
Authors: Filippov R.N. , Titova E.A.
Published: October 2021

The wake vortex consists mainly of two vortices, which are formed when the stream flows around the wings of an aircraft. A semi-empirical model of a stable vortex wake is proposed and analyzed. The model allows describing the velocity field in a vortex, depending on the characteristics of the aircraft generator, as well as assessing the effect of the vortex on the subsequent aircraft. Statistical modeling was carried out to determine the safe interval between the aircrafts for the characteristic sections of the trajectory. When moving over the sea, a straight-line route, a trajectory with turns and an ascent to an altitude for flying around the island were chosen; on the land section of the movement, a flight over the relief was simulated. A significant influence of the ruggedness of the relief on the probability of an aircraft falling when it enters a wake vortex is shown. The effect of the displacement of the aircraft trajectories in the vertical and horizontal planes and the increase in the average flight speed on the safe interval between the aircrafts is investigated.
Ballistic design of a launch vehicle with a reusable payload fairing
Authors: Shulga A.A. , Shcheglov G.A.
Published: October 2021

The paper focuses on the problem of the ballistic design of a two-stage launch vehicle for the case when the payload fairing is returned by using its flaps as the lifting surfaces of the first-stage reusable boosters. The fairing flaps must be opened after the velocity pressure reaches its maximum value. Therefore, the trajectory in the operation section of the first-stage boosters is assumed to be vertical. The flight along the curved part of the trajectory is carried out by the second-stage booster. In this study, we introduced an algorithm for selecting design parameters, developed an original program in the Wolfram Mathematica computer algebra system, and found the rational design parameters of the launch vehicle.
Propiedades electromagnéticas de un compuesto magneto dieléctrico a través de un algoritmo basado en el método Nicolson-Ross-Weir
Authors: Peña Rodríguez Gabriel , Vera Barrera Rodrigo , Mancipe Huérfano David Leonardo , Lara González Luis Ángel
Published: October 2021

The present work implements the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method to find the permittivity and permeability through an algorithm in Matlab® of a magneto - dielectric composed material made of polyester resin and magnetite powders randomly dispersed and oriented vertically and horizontally in the polymeric matrix. The measured data come from the simulation of the S parameters in ADS® between 150 kHz and 4GHz, on a microstrip type transmission line. The algorithm allowed to verify that the best response in high frequency of the magneto - dielectric composed where the vertically orientedparticles, present the highest relative permittivity obtaining Er= 5.5 for 30% wt concentration and Er= 4.5 concentration of 20% wt, with an absorption coefficient which increases in function of frequency and the concentration of magnetite in the functional filler.
Cereal-Fusarium interactions: Improved fundamental insights into Fusarium pathogenomics and cereal host resistance reveals new ways to achieve durable disease control
Authors:   Rothamsted Research, UK, Kanja Claire , Machado Wood Ana K. ,   Rothamsted Research, UK, Baggaley Laura ,   Rothamsted Research, UK, Walker Catherine ,   Rothamsted Research, UK, Hammond-Kosack Kim E. ,   Rothamsted Research, UK
Published: October 2021

All cereal crop species are vulnerable to root, stem-base and floral diseases caused by various Fusarium species. Most problematic is Fusarium head blight because grains become contaminated with harmful mycotoxins. Currently Fusarium control using fungicides is only partially effective, whilst cultivars with acceptable resistance levels are scarce. This chapter reviews the recent advances in fundamental knowledge on the cell biology of interactions, the in planta production of trichothecene mycotoxins, Fusarium genomes/pan-genomes, newly discovered Fusarium virulence factors, small secreted effectors, plant defence components and resistance genes underlying major QTLs. These discoveries are discussed in the context of exploiting new intervention targets to achieve control through genetic modification, gene editing and HIGS. Finally, the chapter explores how to develop a more integrated approach that includes marker assisted selection in breeding programmes, removal of susceptibility loci and the inclusion of new approaches arising from plant defence, virulence and effector studies.
Tan spot disease under the lenses of plant pathologists
Authors:   Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada, Aboukhaddour Reem , Hafez Mohamed ,   Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada, Strelkov Stephen E. ,   University of Alberta, Canada, Fernandez Myriam R. ,   Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Published: October 2021

Necrotrophic plant pathogens pose an important threat to crop production, and many fungi in the Pleosporales have caused the sudden emergence of major epidemics on cereal crops. Tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is one example, and since its emergence in the 1970s, scientists have explored its virulence and interactions with the host. In this chapter, our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the most significant landmarks in tan spot research over the past 50 years from a plant pathology perspective.
Resistance breeding in barley against Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV): avoiding negative impacts on anatomy and physiology
Authors:   Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany, Will Torsten , Ordon Frank ,   Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany, Perovic Dragan ,   Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany
Published: October 2021

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most widespread and damaging viral diseases of grasses and cereal crops worldwide. Due to an increasing risk of food losses e.g. in barley by Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) as a consequence of climate change, associated by a strong demand to decrease the use of chemical insecticides, breeding for BYDV resistance is of prime importance today. This chapter describes the negative impact of BYDV on barley on multiple levels (anatomy, physiology and agronomic traits). It also demonstrates the benefits of BYDV resistance regarding a reduction in yield losses but also a decreased spread of BYDV in the field due to effects on the tritrophic interaction of virus, vector and plant. Until now, several genes and QTL are known that mediate tolerance or resistance against BYDV, respectively. The combination of genomic tools and phenotyping is the basis for the identification of these genes and recent developments facilitate to enhance this process.
6-6-2020: A date that went viral among ophthalmologists
Authors: Kulkarni Uma
Published: October 2021

6-6-2020 was a landmark date for the ophthalmology community, not only because of the normal visual acuity connotation of 6/6 and 20/20, but because it genuinely reflects every ophthalmologist’s dream to bring back perfect vision for every patient. The Covid-19 pandemic had forced ophthalmologists to “refuse to operate” albeit for a short period. This narrative describes how, during a telemedicine call, a surgeon experienced the distress of refusing to operate on a mature cataract. It reveals the trauma caused by the disordered goals of eye care during the pandemic, when elective procedures were abandoned and only emergency services were provided.
Leveraging Motor Babbling for Efficient Robot Learning
Authors: Kase Kei , Matsumoto Noboru , Ogata Tetsuya ,   Waseda University  3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
Published: October 2021

Deep robotic learning by learning from demonstration allows robots to mimic a given demonstration and generalize their performance to unknown task setups. However, this generalization ability is heavily affected by the number of demonstrations, which can be costly to manually generate. Without sufficient demonstrations, robots tend to overfit to the available demonstrations and lose the robustness offered by deep learning. Applying the concept of motor babbling – a process similar to that by which human infants move their bodies randomly to obtain proprioception – is also effective for allowing robots to enhance their generalization ability. Furthermore, the generation of babbling data is simpler than task-oriented demonstrations. Previous researches use motor babbling in the concept of pre-training and fine-tuning but have the problem of the babbling data being overwritten by the task data. In this work, we propose an RNN-based robot-control framework capable of leveraging targetless babbling data to aid the robot in acquiring proprioception and increasing the generalization ability of the learned task data by learning both babbling and task data simultaneously. Through simultaneous learning, our framework can use the dynamics obtained from babbling data to learn the target task efficiently. In the experiment, we prepare demonstrations of a block-picking task and aimless-babbling data. With our framework, the robot can learn tasks faster and show greater generalization ability when blocks are at unknown positions or move during execution.
Active Steering Wheel System for Ultra-Compact Mobility Vehicles: Operability Evaluation with Steering Burden in Various Drivers
Authors: Uchino Daigo , Hirai Takamasa , Arai Shugo , Ikeda Keigo , Kato Taro , Liu Xiaojun , Endo Ayato , Kato Hideaki , Narita Takayoshi ,   Course of Science and Technology, Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan,   Course of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan,   AI Control Lab., Technology Research Center, Technology and Intellectual Property H.Q., Omron Corporation 9-1 Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 600-8530, Japan,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan,   Department of Prime Mover Engineering, Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
Published: October 2021

In ultra-compact electric vehicles, the satisfactory installation of an assist mechanism for steering operation is difficult. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose an active steering wheel system in which the steering wheel and tires are electrically connected, without a mechanical connection. Furthermore, in ultra-compact mobility vehicles where the driving position is restricted, steering burden is likely to occur depending on the physique of the driver. However, whether the effects of the steering reaction torque and the amount of steering increase the burden on the driver in such vehicles has not yet been clarified. Therefore, in this study, we developed an upper limb burden model using inverse kinematics and muscle activity to investigate the burden of steering on the driver by considering the driver physique.
Gerakan perlawanan atas penguasaan sumber daya hutan masyarakat adat mentawai di Pulau Siberut, Kepulauan Mentawai, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Syafrudin Iqbal , Telaumbanua Revorlin
Published: October 2021

This study explain how the dynamics of resistance actors from the resistance movement over the control of forest resources of the Mentawai indigenous people on the island of Siberut, Mentawai islands, West Sumatra. The primary data in this study are the results of interviews with the authors in the field, as well as secondary data from books, international and national journals, as well as related official documents. The author concludes that there is no significant resistance due to the lack of solidarity and sense of belonging to the customary forest due to the heterogeneity that exists in Siberut. The conflict that took place was actually not just the interests of the economic base, but the existence of a cultural base that also played an important role.Abstrak Penelitian ini menjelaskan dinamika aktor perlawanan dari gerakan perlawanan atas penguasaan sumber daya hutan masyarakat adat Mentawai di pulau Siberut, kepulauan Mentawai, Sumatera Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif . Data primer dalam penelitian ini berasal dari hasil wawancara penulis di lapangan, serta data sekunder yang berasal dari buku, jurnal internasional maupun nasional, maupun dokumen resmi yang berhubungan. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perlawanan yang begitu signifikan dikarenakan aliansi-aliansimasyarakat yang terbangun kekurangan solidaritas dan “sense of belonging” atas hutan adat karena heterogenitas yang ada pada Siberut. Konflik yang berlangsung sebenarnya tidak hanya sekadar kepentingan basis ekonomi semata namun adanya basis budaya (culture) yang juga memainkan peranan penting. Namun, dikarenakan kurangnya solidaritas tersebut, gerakan yang terbangun bersifat tentatif tergantung kepentingan penggerak gerakan.
Implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila pada kegiatan pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) di desa Kuripan Ciseeng Bogor
Authors: Setiawati  , Siswandi R. Dede , Marasabessy Abdul Chaidir
Published: October 2021

This study aims to reveal the application of Pancasila values ​​in Family Empowerment and Welfare activities in Kuripan village. This study uses a qualitative method using a descriptive analysis approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and document studies. The conclusion of the research, 1) Precept I, that is, every activity and daily life is used to say greetings, beginning, and ending with prayer. Always work together in work groups, carry out worship together for Muslims. The basic principle is to respect the celebration of holidays for people of different religions. 2) Sila II, is an attitude of mutual cooperation, and there is no coercion for members 3) Sila III, which means doing community service, celebrating the independence day of the Republic of Indonesia, likes to wear batik 4) Sila IV, which means prioritizing freedom to express common interests, and everything is resolved through deliberation, and 5) Precept V, Do not separate seats, the application of a frugal lifestyle is supported by a socialization program about the importance of frugal living. The implementation of Pancasila values ​​in PKK activities in Kuripan Village is a subjective and objective implementation of Pancasila, because all activities carried out in PKK activities reflect the implementation of Pancasila values.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan penerapan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila yang tercermin pada kegiatan Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Desa Kuripan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan ialah  dengan analisis deskriptif. Untuk mengumpulkan data dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian, 1) Sila I, dalam setiap kegiatan dan kehidupan sehari-hari digunakan untuk mengucapkan salam, diawali dan diakhiri dengan doa. Selalu bekerja sama dalam kelompok kerja, menjalankan ibadah bersama bagi yang muslim. Prinsip dasarnya adalah menghargai perayaan hari raya bagi umat yang berbeda agama. 2) Sila II, adalah sikap gotong royong, dan tidak ada paksaan untuk anggota 3) Sila III, yang berarti melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, merayakan hari kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, suka memakai batik 4) Sila IV, yang berarti mengutamakan kebebasan menyatakan kepentingan bersama, dan segala sesuatunya diselesaikan melalui musyawarah, dan 5) Sila V, tidak memisahkan tempat duduk, penerapan pola hidup hemat didukung oleh program sosialisasi tentang pentingnya tidak boros.
Deforestación y fragmentación en las áreas más biodiversas de la Cordillera Occidental de Antioquia (Colombia)
Authors: Calderón Jennifer , Benavies Ana María
Published: October 2021

La degradación de los ecosistemas en los Andes, una de las regiones con mayor biodiversidad del mundo, es atribuida principalmente a la deforestación y la fragmentación. La implementación de áreas protegidas (AP) es una estrategia de conservación efectiva para mitigar los efectos de la transformación del paisaje sobre la biodiversidad. En la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia, en Antioquia, se estableció recientemente el Corredor del Oso de Anteojos (COA, ~4169 km2), como una estrategia para la conservación de la biodiversidad. En este estudio, a partir de información derivada de sensores remotos y bases de datos, localizamos las áreas con mayor biodiversidad en este corredor, y analizamos si estás áreas están siendo protegidas. Los resultados indican que la deforestación (162.37 km2) y la fragmentación (> 90 %) en el COA durante los últimos 19 años se concentran en las áreas más biodiversas, al interior y por fuera de las AP. Si bien las AP alcanzan 30% del área total del COA, las áreas de mayor biodiversidad están representadas en menos de un 17%. Estos resultados indican el riesgo de pérdida de biodiversidad y la creciente necesidad de fortalecer las AP y delimitar nuevas áreas biodiversas.
Reexpedición Colombia: Entender el pasado para empoderar acciones que fortalezcan el conocimiento y conservación de las aves
Authors: Gomez Camila , Cadena Carlos Daniel , Cuervo Andrés M. , Díaz-Cárdenas Jessica , García-Cardona Felipe , Niño-Rodríguez Nelsy , Ocampo-Peñuela Natalia , Ocampo David , Seeholzer Glenn , Sierra-Ricaurte Andrés , Soto-Patiño Juliana
Published: October 2021

Gustavo Kattan fue un científico visionario que soñó con repetir expediciones ornitológicas en las localidades históricas del Museo Americano de Historia Natural en Colombia, para estudiar los cambios en las aves del país como respuesta a cambios ambientales y en el paisaje, y así contribuir a su conservación. Construyendo sobre el trabajo de Gustavo, el programa Re-expedición Colombia es ahora realidad, con una alianza de científicos, comunidades locales, instituciones colombianas e internacionales, que recopila información histórica y reciente sobre la avifauna del país, para entender los cambios ecológicos, evolutivos y de estado de conservación que han ocurrido durante un siglo de transformación. El carácter colaborativo del programa permite fortalecer y diversificar la información depositada en las colecciones biológicas y la capacidad de investigación en ornitología. Además, basado en los conocimientos de las comunidades locales, el programa apoya iniciativas de monitoreo participativo importantes como alternativas económicas sostenibles. La producción de mapas interactivos de aves, el desarrollo de una ruta de aviturismo para ser operada por proveedores comunitarios, junto a algunos esfuerzos regionales, aportarán a la sostenibilidad y contribuirán a garantizar la conservación y bienestar de las aves, los ecosistemas que éstas habitan, y las comunidades que las protegen.
Event: philosophy sub specie eventi
Authors:   Samara University, Konev Vladimir A. , Ivanova Valeria N. ,   Samara University
Published: October 2021

The article argues that the philosophy of the twentieth century is characterized by a tran­sition from a view according to which the mind tends to contemplate things sub specie aeterni (Descartes, Spinoza, Hegel) to an understanding that things and the world should be taken sub specie eventi (Bakhtin, Heidegger, Deleuze). Event in its various manifesta­tions becomes the subject of philosophical comprehension. The authors point at two onto­logical characteristics of the phenomenon of an event – an event always happens, i.e. an event cannot be thought outside of time, and an event always appears as the unity of heterogeneous. Distinguishing the concepts of incident and that of event, the authors analyze the problem of the beginning of an event. Based on the ideas of synergetics, the authors argue that an event has no cause, but there are prerequisites – a state of uncertainty and an attractor that organizes the constitution of the event/incident. The authors focus their attention on the problem of the connection between meaning and event that characterizes the events of the world of human existence. It is shown that in the world of human existence a situation of uncertainty is a problematic situation. The solution to a problem situation is an event that is associated with this situation not by causal, but by casual relations, when the singularities of a given situation set the initial conditions for an action and provide real opportunities for its accomplishment. It is important here that the logic of action and the course of thought are governed not by general ideas, but by the premises given here and now. This is how a new version of the identity of “thought and being” declares itself: meaning as an intention and a productive force of the initial condition for constituting an event are identical to the event itself. Being/event is objecti­fied as res gestae, which acts as an organizing force and by this force the being acquires the ability to declare and affirm itself as integrity and organization. The authors sug­gest that the philosophical understanding of an event provides a new way to corelate the two main traditions in contemporary Western philosophy – the “continental” and the “analytic”.
«Political Freedom» versus «Freedom from Politics»: Karamzin’s European Wanderings as a Prototype of the Russian Search for the Social Ideal
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kara-Murza Alexei А. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: October 2021

Exploring the genesis of the search for social ideal one finds it in the late XVIII century writers – Prince Andrey I. Vyazemsky and historian Nicolay M. Karamzin. Both were «involuntary travelers», shunning anti-Masonic persecution launched by Catherine the Great. The surviving entries of Vyazemsky in his diary are extremely fragmentary, while Karamzin’s «Letters of the Russian Traveler » give us a rich and in many respects unexplored source if historical information. This philosophical travelogue, among other things, is an exposition of types of European regimes (German, Swiss, French, English) as a kind of competitive «social ideals». Karamzin elects Switzerland and in England, as the countries he loved from his youth. The author arrives at conclusion that, perceiving merits and demerits of social structures, Karamzin kept thinking that Russia, being European and Christian country, was capable of creating a harmonious society based on its own traditions.
Ivan A. Ilyin: The Social Ideal of “Aristocrat of the Spirit”
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Ugleva Anastasia V.
Published: October 2021

This author examines understanding of social ideal in the ethical and political theory of Ivan Aleksandrovich Ilyin, emigre and ideologist of the “white” movement. Ilyin thought that the best possible social structure would emerge as a probable outcome of the activity of so-called “aristocracy of the spirit”. The article doubts the possibility of creating the public ideal through the energies of an intellectual who lost touch with the people. The people charged with the duty of obedience and respect to authorities, and with a command to love each other, and believe in God, the Tsar and the Fatherland, all these considered the basis of national unity, are actually denied their dignity. Ilyin’s shady speeches, as well as his contacts with Nazis cast doubts on the appropriateness of his ideas to serve as a guiding light of present political reforms in Russia.
John Locke. Adversaria Theologica 94
Authors: Yakovlev Anatoly A.
Published: October 2021

The following is the Russian translation of several notes put down by John Locke after 1694 in his notebook named “Adversaria Theologica 94”. These notes allow a clearer view of the evolution of Locke’s theological standing and make more certain his design to write a treatise on soteriology containing polemics with John Biddle and Jean Calvin. More positive ideas are rooted in Locke’s mortalism and his Biblical hermeneutics. The concept of mortalism, sometimes named materialism in XVII century, presupposes that death takes the whole man, not only his body, and consequently the whole man is what to be raised, though in a changed state. Locke also introduces a new mode of argumentation relying on paraphrasing the texts of the Bible, primarily Epistles of St. Paul, and revealing the original sense of fundamental Biblical as well as philosophical notions. Locke suggests that matter is disposed to receive from God, if that be His wish, the faculties of perception and understanding or a substance with such faculties. This notion of disposition is also used in discussion of tabula rasa and ideas as primary matter of understanding after the Fall, and of restoration of Man to the state of ante lapsum.
Four Phase Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Framework for Surfactant EOR Simulation
Authors: Samson Boris A. , Shaykhattarov Marat
Published: October 2021

Consistent set of algorithms to calculate phase relative permeability and capillary pressure values in the four-phase representation suitable for surfactant flooding simulation has been derived. The novel formulation resolves difficulties with applying existing three-phase approaches, and it ensures continuity of transport characteristics at solubilization changes in phase composition.
Efficient Localized Nonlinear Solution Strategies for Unconventional-Reservoir Simulation with Complex Fractures
Authors: Jiang Jiamin
Published: October 2021

It is very challenging to simulate unconventional reservoirs efficiently and accurately. Transient flow can last for a long time and sharp solution (pressure, saturation, compositions) gradients are induced because of the severe permeability contrast between fracture and matrix. Although high-resolution models for well and fracture are required to achieve adequate resolution, they are computationally too demanding for practical field models with many stages of hydraulic fracture. The paper aims to innovate localization strategies that take advantage of locality on timestep and Newton iteration levels. The strategies readily accommodate to complicated flow mechanisms and multiscale fracture networks in unconventional reservoirs.

Large simulation speed-up can be obtained if performing localized computations only for the solution regions that will change. We develop an a-priori method to exploit the locality, based on the diffusive character of the Newton updates of pressure. The method makes adequate estimate of the active computational gridblock for the next iterate. The active gridblock set marks the ones need to be solved, and then the solution to local linear system is accordingly computed.

Fully Implicit Scheme is used for time discretization. We study several challenging multi-phase and compositional model cases with explicit fractures. The test results demonstrate that significant solution locality of variables exist on timestep and iteration levels. A nonlinear solution update usually has sparsity, and the nonlinear convergence is restricted by a limited fraction of the simulation model. Through aggressive localization, the proposed methods can prevent overly conservative estimate, and thus achieve significant computational speedup. In comparison to a standard Newton method, the novel solver techniques achieve greatly improved solving efficiency. Furthermore, the Newton convergence exhibits no degradation, and there is no impact on the solution accuracy.

Previous works in the literature largely relate to the meshing aspect that accommodates to horizontal wells and hydraulic fractures. We instead develop new nonlinear strategies to perform localization. In particular, the adaptive DD method produces proper domain partitions according to the fluid flow and nonlinear updates. This results in an effective strategy that maintains solution accuracy and convergence behavior.
Intelligent Time-Stepping for Practical Numerical Simulation
Authors: Sheth Soham , McKee Francois , Neylon Kieran , Fazil Ghazala
Published: October 2021

We present a novel reservoir simulator time-step selection approach which uses machine-learning (ML) techniques to analyze the mathematical and physical state of the system and predict time-step sizes which are large while still being efficient to solve, thus making the simulation faster. An optimal time-step choice avoids wasted non-linear and linear equation set-up work when the time-step is too small and avoids highly non-linear systems that take many iterations to solve.

Typical time-step selectors use a limited set of features to heuristically predict the size of the next time-step. While they have been effective for simple simulation models, as model complexity increases, there is an increasing need for robust data-driven time-step selection algorithms. We propose two workflows – static and dynamic – that use a diverse set of physical (e.g., well data) and mathematical (e.g., CFL) features to build a predictive ML model. This can be pre-trained or dynamically trained to generate an inference model. The trained model can also be reinforced as new data becomes available and efficiently used for transfer learning.

We present the application of these workflows in a commercial reservoir simulator using distinct types of simulation model including black oil, compositional and thermal steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). We have found that history-match and uncertainty/optimization studies benefit most from the static approach while the dynamic approach produces optimum step-sizes for prediction studies. We use a confidence monitor to manage the ML time-step selector at runtime. If the confidence level falls below a threshold, we switch to traditional heuristic method for that time-step. This avoids any degradation in the performance when the model features are outside the training space. Application to several complex cases, including a large field study, shows a significant speedup for single simulations and even better results for multiple simulations. We demonstrate that any simulation can take advantage of the stored state of the trained model and even augment it when new situations are encountered, so the system becomes more effective as it is exposed to more data.
Generalized Hukuhara Conformable Fractional Derivative and its Application to Fuzzy Fractional Partial DifferentialEquations
Authors: Ghaffari Manizheh , Allahviranloo Tofigh , Abbasbandy Saeid , Azhini Mahdi
Published: October 2021

The main focus of this paper is to develop an efficient analytical method to obtain the traveling wave fuzzy solution for the fuzzy generalized Hukuhara conformable fractional equations by considering the type of generalized Hukuhara conformable fractional differentiability of the solution. To achieve this, the fuzzy conformable fractional derivative based on the generalized Hukuhara differentiability is defined, and several properties are brought on the topic, such as switching points and the fuzzy chain rule. After that, a new analytical method is applied to find the exact solutions for two famous mathematical equations: the fuzzy fractional Wave equation and the fuzzy fractional Diffusion equation. The present work is the first report

in which the fuzzy traveling wave method is used to design an analytical method to solve these fuzzy problems. The final examples are asserted that our new method is applicable and efficient.
Acupuncture at a Single Acupoint, BL1 (Jingming), Compared to Artificial Tears in Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: zhang xue , Zhang Bo , Peng Siyang , Zhang Guoliang , Ma Jumei , Zhu Wenzeng
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe global incidence of dry eye disease (DED) is very high. DED seriously affects the quality of life of patients; however, the current curative effect of medicine for moderate to severe DED is poor. This randomized clinical trial was planned to investigate the effect of acupuncture compared with artificial tears on moderate to severe DED.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was performed at 2 hospitals in China. 120 DED patients were randomly equally divided into an acupuncture and an artificial tear group. Either acupuncture or artificial tears was performed for an 8-week period, and a 32-week follow-up was performed. The primary outcome measure was the Schirmer-I test (SIT) value. The secondary outcome measures included the numerical rating scale (NRS) for improvement in ocular symptoms, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), the tear-film break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and acupuncture acceptability. Adverse events also were monitored and documented.ResultsFor the primary outcome, the mean changes in the SIT values were significantly different between the acupuncture (5.75 [2.53‒9.75]) and artificial tear (0.52 [-1.18‒2.46]) groups at week 8 (P = 0.01). The OSDI decreased by -16.14 (-35.40‒16.30) and − 7.65 (-19.25‒15.05) from baseline to week 8 in the acupuncture and artificial tear groups, respectively (P < 0.05). A significant decrease was found in the NRS score for eye dryness, eye pain, and blurred vision in the acupuncture group, as compared to the artificial tear group. However, the change in the average symptom NRS score, TBUT, and CFS did not differ significantly at week 8. Five cases experienced acupuncture-related adverse events.ConclusionsThis randomized clinical trial found that acupuncture at a single acupoint, BL1, significantly promoted tear secretion and improved multiple eye discomfort symptoms. Acupuncture showed greater benefits than artificial tears for moderate to severe DED. However, the study findings warrant verification.Trial registrationRegistration number: ChiCTR1800015831. Name of trial registry: Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of moderate to severe dry eye disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Evaluation of River Ecological Status in Plain River Network Area under the Background of Urbanization
Authors: Ren Li , Song Shuping , Zhou Yue
Published: October 2021

21 main streams and tributaries of typical rivers in Jiangsu Province were taken as the research objects to evaluate river ecological status under the background of urbanization in this paper. A system of river ecological evaluation indexes and the evaluation model for plain river network area were constructed, including 4 indexes of aquatic environment, natural ecological system, social service function and water management and protection, and 12 pieces of divided criteria. The ecological status of these rivers in Jiangsu Province was evaluated, of which 71.4% were good. Analyzing the impact of urbanization on the ecological condition of rivers, we came to the conclusion that the level of river ecological status is decreasing with the improvement of urbanization level, and put forward that the reference value of the ISC red line of river ecological condition from good to medium in the urbanization plan of ecological river construction is 28%.
Ecological Features of the Exotic Wasp Vespula Vulgaris L. 1758 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Invading the Southernmost Unesco Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Rendoll-Cárcamo Javier , Convey Peter , Gañán Melisa , Maldonado-Márquez Alan , Zuñiga Luna Menares , Contador Tamara
Published: October 2021

Invasive alien species may cause substantial changes and damaging impacts in the ecosystems they invade. Here, we document the current distribution and ecological interactions with native biota of the relatively recently introduced wasp, Vespula vulgaris, in the southern part of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve. We conducted surveys and field studies in four different habitats on Navarino Island: evergreen, deciduous and mixed forests, and shrublands. The spread of V. vulgaris through the island since its first detection has led to it occupying suitable habitats for nesting and foraging, both in urban and rural settings. The presence of V. vulgaris on islands and remote areas of the CHBR is likely the result of marine human movement through the channels withing the reserve. Wasp foraging composition was different on each of the four studied habitats, yet strongly linked to each habitat’s resources, indicating the inherent ability of V. vulgaris of exploiting surrounding resources efficiently. The lack of natural competitors and availability of multiple resources as allowed V. vulgaris to rapidly become a common pest in urban and rural settings in the southern extreme of South America. In this context, we believe that eradication would be impossible, although it would be possible to control populations at localized scales with proper planning and long-term management. Our results can act as a base for management planning, and we strongly recommend social engagement and dialog with pertinent governmental institutions to achieve this challenging task.
Overall Health Status of Institutionalized Older Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gomes Mônica Fernandes , Abreu Marcela Freitas Fernandes , Giannasi Lilian Chrystiane , Babinskas Danilo , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi , Amorim José Benedito Oliveira , Salgado Miguel Angel Castillo
Published: October 2021

An exploratory study of the overall health conditions and physicochemical properties of saliva were performed in older patients with Alzheimer´s disease (AD) who reside at long-term nursing homes. We also investigate sleep quality, functional capacity during the abilities of ADL, and mobility of these individuals. We examine thirty-nine older adults with AD who resided at long-term private nursing homes. Oral and systemic health status were identified from medical-dental examinations and medical record database. Salivary parameters, including salivary flow rate, pH value, buffering capacity, and salivary cortisol levels (morning), were analyzed. Risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and functional capacity during the activities of daily living (ADL) were also assessed through specific questionnaires. An exploratory analysis was done, using descriptive and inferential statistics. The most of older patients were dentulous, showing residual dental root, periodontal diseases, and carie. The polypharmaceuticals did not substantially interfere on saliva production. No significant alterations in salivary flow and buffering capacity were detected. Risk of psychological-physical stress identified from salivary cortisol was controlled by medicines. All older patients with high risk of OSA had cardiocirculatory disorders; additionally, the total and severe dependencies in ADL and mobility was strongly evidenced in institutionalized older patients with AD.
Acquisition of Behavioral Skills After Manikin-Based Simulation of Neonatal Resuscitation by Fellows in Neonatology
Authors: Guerreiro Maiana Darwich Mendes , Ogata Joice Fabíola Meneguel , Sanudo Adriana , Prestes Ana Claudia Yoshikumi , Conzi Maria Florencia , Kawakami Mandira Daripa , Miyoshi Milton Harumi , de Almeida Maria Fernanda Branco , Guinsburg Ruth
Published: October 2021

Background

Behavioral performance of health professionals is essential for adequate patient care. There is little information on behavioral skills acquisition after simulation training of neonatal resuscitation. To assess the behavioral skills of fellows in neonatology before and after a simulation training program on neonatal resuscitation.
Methods

From March/2019 to February/2020, a prospective cohort with 12 second-year fellows in neonatology were evaluated during three training cycles (16 hours each) in manikin-based simulation of neonatal resuscitation with standardized scenarios. Each cycle lasted one month, followed by a 3-months interval. One video-recorded scenario of about 10 minutes was performed for each fellow at the beginning and at the end of each training cycle. Therefore, each fellow was recorded 6 times: before and after each one of three training cycles. Anxiety of the fellows was assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory applied before the first training cycle. The videos were independently analyzed in a random order by three trained facilitators using the Behavioral Assessment Tool. The behavioral performance was evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance adjusted for anxiety and for previous experience in neonatal resuscitation.
Results

Fellows` overall behavioral performance improved comparing the moment before the first training and after the second training. The specific skills - communication with the team, delegation of tasks, allocation of attention, use of information, use of resources and professional posture - showed a significant improvement after the second month of training. No further gains were noted with the third training cycle. Anxiety was observed in 42% of the fellows and its presence worsened their behavioral performance.
Conclusion

An improvement in behavioral performance was observed comparing the moment before the first training and after the second training, without further gains after the third training. It is worth noting the important role of anxiety as a modulator of acquisition and retention of behavioral skills in health professionals in training.
Empirical Modelling of Household Oils in UV-Vis-NIR Spectrum through Developed Low-Cost Spectroscopy Setup (LCSS)
Authors: Shakya Amit Kumar , singh surinder
Published: October 2021

In this research work, a low-cost \(UV-Vis-NIR\) spectroscopy setup (\(LCSS\)) is developed and presented to analyze transmission (%) and absorption (\(Au\)) from household oils samples. The sensing potential of the developed setup is examined using four different oil samples. These oil samples consist of olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil. The transmission (%) obtained for olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil is \(75.66\%\), \(71.10\%\), \(69.87\%\), and \(68.12 \%\) at \(923.2 nm\), \(924.5 nm\), \(925.9 nm,\) and \(927.8 nm\) respectively. Similarly, the absorbance (\(Au\)) for olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil is \(0.121 Au\), \(0.141 Au\), \(0.153 Au,\) and \(0.163 Au\) at \(920.0 nm\), \(923.0 nm\), \(925.8 nm\), and \(930.2 nm\) respectively. A linear relationship in the wavelength range of \(920 nm\) to \(935 nm\) between transmission (%) and wavelength produce \({R}^{2}=0.9717\) corresponding to a degree (2). Similarly, the linear relation between absorbance (\(Au\)) and wavelength produce \({R}^{2}=0.9997\) corresponding to a degree (2). Finally, an 8th order empirical sinusoidal model is developed for transmission (\(\%\)) and absorbance (\(Au\)) corresponding to the olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil. The maximum value of \(R-\)square corresponding to the transmission (\(\%\)) for the developed empirical model is obtained for amla oil. Similarly, the full value of the absorbance (\(Au\)) from the developed empirical model is obtained for red palm oil, which indicates a great response towards the empirical sinusoidal model.
Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane-Pectoral Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Comparison with the Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block
Authors: Zhao Ying , Jin Weilin , Pan Peng , Feng Shuquan , Fu Danyun , Yao Junyan
Published: October 2021

Background: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is a most effective and common type of invasive surgery for breast cancer. However, it causes moderate to severe acute pain even last for a long postoperative period. Transversus thoracic muscle plane-pectoral nerve block (TTP-PECS) is a novel and promising interfacial plane block which can provide analgesia for MRM while thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) is also widely used for this purpose. This study compared the postoperative analgesia between the ultrasound-guided TTP-PECS and TPVB in patients undergoing MRM.Methods: In this randomized controlled pilot trial, eighty female breast cancer patients were randomized to receive either ultrasound-guided TTP-PECS (TTP-PECS group, n=40) or TPVB (TPVB group, n=40). The primary outcome was 24 h postoperative fentanyl consumption. Secondary outcome measures included intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative flurbiprofen axetil consumption, duration of analgesia, pain intensity at rest and during activity, inflammatory response, and the quality of recovery 40 (QoR-40) score.Results: Intraoperative fentanyl requirement was similar between the two groups; Postoperative fentanyl consumption was decreased in the TTP-PECS group copmared with the TPVB group, as well as the rate of postoperative flurbiprofen axetil consumption, but the duration of analgesia was longer; Pain scores at rest and during activity were dramatically decreased at postoperative 12 h; Moreover, the levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, as well as the levels of PGE2, NPY and β-endorphins were decreased at 12 h after surgery; Finally, the total QoR-40 score, especially for the scores of pain, emotional state and patient support were increased.Conclusion: Both TTP-PECS and TPVB are effective for analgesia after MRM. However, TTP-PECS reduced postoperative fentanyl and flurbiprofen axetil consumption in the first 24 h after MRM, and prolonged the duration of analgesia. Furthermore, TTP-PECS reduced postoperative pain intensity at rest and during activity, and inflammatory response at 12 h postoperation. Finally, TTP-PECS improved QoR-40 scores on the postoperative day. Thus, TTP-PECS is an attractive alternative to TPVB for postoperative analgesia after MRM.
Effect of processed quinoa on performance traits, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens
Authors: Zeyghami Negin , Jafari Mohammad Ali , Irani Mehrdad
Published: October 2021

Restrictions on access to important components of poultry rations such as corn and soybean meal are among the biggest issues in the poultry feed industry. Quinoa with a very high nutritional value can be a good alternative. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of processed quinoa seeds on performance, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens. The present experiment was performed with 5 treatments, 4 replications, and 15 chickens per pen in a completely randomized design. Hydrothermal, extrusion, and expansion methods were used to process quinoa seeds. Apart from the control treatment, 15% of quinoa seeds were included in the other treatments. The studied traits were recorded. The general linear model procedure in SAS software was used to compare the means of treatments. The effect of processing methods on body weight, feed conversion ratio, total protein, uric acid, and blood cholesterol, villi height, crypt villi depth, and length to depth ratio of cryogenic villi of jejunum were significant (P<0.01). Quinoa processing improved its nutritional properties. In general, extrusion and expansion processing methods were more effective than the hydrothermal method in improving the quality of quinoa.