bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Sensitivity Hydrogen Sensor via the Coupling of Tamm Plasmon Polaritons and Defect Mode
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yin Weifeng , Zhang Jianxia
Published: April 2024

Optical hydrogen sensors offer high sensitivity, high accuracy, and non-invasive sensing capabilities, making them promising devices in various fields, including the construction of hydrogen fuel cells, storage and transportation, and aerospace. However, to achieve better sensitivity and faster reaction times, such sensors are often constructed as nano-arrays or nano-gratings, leading to increased manufacturing costs and complexity. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a highly sensitive hydrogen sensor based on a multilayer structure. The proposed structure consists of a Pd metal film and a photonic crystal with a defect layer, in which the photonic crystal is designed by an alternating arrangement of Ta2O5 and SiO2, and the material comprising the defect layer is SiO2. With a sensitivity of up to 16,020 at 670 nm, the proposed sensor relies on the coupling of Tamm plasmon polaritons and defect modes. The electric field distribution inside the structure is also provided in order to reveal its physical mechanism. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of the thickness of the defect layer and the angle of incident light on the sensor’s performance. The study results show that the sensor has good fault tolerance in either scenario. The findings of this study open up new possibilities for hydrogen sensor applications.
Associations among COVID-19 Family Stress, Family Functioning, and Child Health-Related Quality of Life through Lifestyle Behaviors in Children
Authors: Kim Kay W. , Wallander Jan L. , Wiebe Deborah
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in lasting effects on children, necessitating a thorough understanding of its impact for effective recovery planning. This study investigated the associations among COVID-19 family stress, family functioning, children’s lifestyle behaviors (i.e., healthy food intake, unhealthy food intake, physical activity, and screen time), and their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Data from a 2022 survey of parents with children aged 5 to 12 (mean age of boys: 8.36, mean age of girls: 7.76) in the United States through the online Prolific platform were analyzed using path analysis and gender-based multi-group analysis. The results showed an inverse relationship between family stressors and functioning (β = −0.39, p < 0.05). COVID-19 family stress was negatively related to child physical HRQOL (β = −0.20, p < 0.05) but not psychosocial HRQOL. Family functioning showed a positive relation with child healthy food intake (β = 0.26, p < 0.05) and a negative relation with unhealthy diet consumption (β = −0.27, p < 0.05), while no significant associations were found with child physical activity and screen time. Family functioning was indirectly associated with both types of HRQOL through the child’s eating patterns. These relationships were more pronounced for girls. The findings point to a complex interplay between family stress and functioning, dietary habits, and the HRQOL of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly concerning girls’ food intake and well-being.
Clinical Approach to Patients with COVID-19 and Unrecognized Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Ćurić Melany , Marinelli Frano , Prica Vuk , Pavlović Marijana , Barković Igor
Published: April 2024

Purpose: We conducted a retrospective case series of seven male COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and suspected OSA based on clinical features to evaluate the effects of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on COVID-19 outcomes and the response to a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CRP) and a continuous positive airway pressure treatment were used for diagnosis and management. They confirmed severe obstructive sleep apnea in all patients (apnea/hypopnea index > 30) and improved overnight oxygenation and symptoms at the 1-month follow-up. Conclusions: Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea may negatively impact COVID-19 outcomes by exacerbating respiratory failure. Recognition and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure can optimize the management of such patients.
Alex’s Vision in Functional Quantum Matter
Authors: Pavuna Davor
Published: April 2024

My ‘In Memoriam’ contribution is very personal, as it includes many human and professional insights that I received from Alex Müller himself [...]
The Influence of In3+ on the Crystal Growth and Visible Band Photorefraction of Uranium-Doped Lithium Niobate Single Crystals
Authors: Tian Tian , Xu Wenjie , Fang Chenkai , Chen Yuheng , Liu Hongde , Chu Yaoqing , Shen Hui , Xu Jiayue
Published: April 2024

A series of lithium niobate crystals co-doped with uranium and indium was successfully grown by the modified vertical Bridgman method for the first time. With increasing In3+ ion doping concentration, the segregation coefficient of uranium and indium progressively deviated from 1. The structural refinement indicated that uranium ions with high valence preferred to occupy the Nb sites in LN: In, U crystals. LN: In2.0, U0.6 achieved multi-wavelength holographic writing with diffraction efficiency comparable to commercial crystals LN:Fe0.3, demonstrating a response time that was four times shorter than LN:Fe0.3. XPS analysis was employed to investigate the valence states of In3+ ions in LN: In2.0, U0.6, in which uranium ions presented three valences of +4, +5 and +6. Furthermore, the ‘real threshold concentration’ of In3+ ions in LN: In, U was calculated using the Li-vacancy model, which is consistent with the results obtained from the experimental study of the OH− absorption spectrum. Discussions on the photorefractive centers in LN: In, U are also provided. This study not only demonstrates the impact of doping In3+ ions on the growth of LN:U crystals, but also offers new insights into the photorefractive properties of LN in the visible band.
Association between Pityriasis Rosea (PR) and HHV-6/HHV-7 Infection: Importance of Sample Selection and Diagnostic Techniques
Authors: Aydin Kurc Mine , Erfan Gamze , Kaya Ayse Demet , Gülen Dumrul , Oznur Meltem , Yanik Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2024

Recent studies have focused on the role of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in PR etiology with varying results. In our study, with the approach that the discrepancy between the results may be related to the different samples and techniques used, we aimed to clarify the etiology by examining tissue and plasma samples using molecular methods and evaluating the results together with serological parameters. Skin biopsies and plasma samples of twenty-five PR patients were tested to detect HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA using calibrated quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (CQ RT-PCR). IgG and IgM antibodies against HHV-6 and HHV-7 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence. Of the patient group, 64% were positive for HHV-6 IgG without IgM positivity. HHV-6 DNA was present in seven tissue and ten plasma samples. HHV-7 positivity was 100% and 12% for IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. HHV-7 DNA was detected in four tissue samples and one plasma sample. Patients with HHV-7 DNA-positive plasma and tissue samples had also HHV-7 IgM antibodies. In conclusion, our results seem to support the role of HHV-6/HHV-7 in the etiology of PR. To clarify the etiology of PR and avoid confusion, the collection of different biological materials simultaneously and the usage of CQ RT-PCR as a diagnostic technique are recommended.
Shock Absorption Capacity of High-Performance Polymers for Dental Implant-Supported Restorations: In Vitro Study
Authors: Menini Maria , Delucchi Francesca , Bagnasco Francesco , Baldi Domenico , Canullo Luigi , Setti Paolo , Migliorati Marco , Simetti Enrico , Pesce Paolo
Published: April 2024

Background: Restorative materials might significantly affect load transmission in peri-implant bone. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the shock absorption capacity of two different polymeric materials to be used for implant-supported prostheses. Methods: A masticatory robot was used to compare the shock absorption capacity of veneered and non-veneered polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), Pekkton®ivory (Cendres+Mètaux), and the glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC), TRINIATM (Bicon). Five identical sample crowns for each of the three groups were tested. Forces transmitted at the simulated peri-implant bone were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The statistical analysis of forces transmitted at the simulated dental implant revealed significant differences between the materials tested and between these materials and zirconia, glass ceramic, composite resin, and acrylic resin. Only differences between PEKK and veneered PEKK and between PEKK and one of the previously tested composite resins were not statistically significant. PEKK samples demonstrated significantly greater shock absorption capacity compared to GFRC. Conclusions: PEKK revealed optimal shock absorption capacity. Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in the case of long-span prostheses with reduced prosthetic volume.
The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Periodontal Health between Challenge and Synergy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Luchian Ionut , Surlari Zenovia , Goriuc Ancuta , Ioanid Nicoleta , Zetu Irina , Butnaru Oana , Scutariu Monica-Mihaela , Tatarciuc Monica , Budala Dana-Gabriela
Published: April 2024

By correctly repositioning teeth, orthodontic therapy improves both the function and appearance of an occlusion. The relationship between teeth and the tissues that surround and support them significantly influences these alterations. With ever more adults seeking orthodontic care, orthodontists are increasingly seeing patients with periodontal issues. Concerns about the patient’s appearance, such as uneven gingival margins or functional issues caused by inflammatory periodontal diseases, should be accounted for when designing orthodontic treatment plans. Furthermore, orthodontics may increase the chances of saving and recovering a degraded dentition in cases of severe periodontitis. Today, general dentists, dontists, and orthodontists play integrative roles that enable them to achieve the best possible results for their patients. This review will improve the results of interdisciplinary treatments and increase cooperation between dental specialists by drawing attention to the essential connection between orthodontics and periodontics in regular clinical practice.
Do Concurrent Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis Share Their Microbiotas? A Pilot Study
Authors: Parga Ana , Pose-Rodríguez José Manuel , Muras Andrea , Baus-Domínguez María , Otero-Casal Paz , Ortega-Quintana Marcos Luis , Torres-Lagares Daniel , Otero Ana
Published: April 2024

The microbial compositions from concurrent peri-implant and periodontal lesions were compared, since the results reported in the literature on the etiological relationship between these oral pathologies are contradictory. Microbial compositions from nine patients were evaluated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and Principal Components Analysis. Comparisons between the use of curettes or paper points as collection methods and between bacterial composition in both pathologies were performed. Paper points allowed the recovery of a higher number of bacterial genera. A higher bacterial diversity was found in peri-implantitis compared to periodontal samples from the same patient, while a greater number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present in the corresponding periodontal samples. A higher abundance of oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas or Treponema, was found in peri-implantitis sites. The opposite trend was observed for Aggregatibacter abundance, which was higher in periodontal than in peri-implantitis lesions, suggesting that both oral pathologies could be considered different but related diseases. Although the analysis of a higher number of samples would be needed, the differences regarding the microbial composition provide a basis for further understating the pathogenesis of peri-implant infections.
Extended State Observer-Based Command-Filtered Safe Flight Control for Unmanned Helicopter under Time-Varying Path Constraints and Disturbances
Authors: Ma Haoxiang , Tao Fazhan , Ren Ruonan , Fu Zhumu , Wang Nan
Published: April 2024

Unmanned helicopters are always subject to various external disturbances and constraints when performing tasks. In this paper, an extended state observer-based command-filtered safe tracking control scheme is investigated for an unmanned helicopter under time-varying path constraints and disturbances. To restrict the position states within the real-time safe flight boundaries, a safe reference path is regulated using the safe protection algorithm. The ESO is utilized to handle the unknown external disturbances. Moreover, the command filter technique is combined with the backstepping approach and twice inverse solution for the nonlinear unmanned helicopter system. According to the Lyapunov stability analysis, the safety and the tracking performance of the helicopter can be proved, and the availability of the safe tracking controller can also be illustrated by numerical simulations.
Novel Structure of Shield Ring to Reduce Shaft Voltage and Improve Cooling Performance of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Kang Jun-Kyu , Heo Jun-Hyeok , Kim Su-Hwan , Hur Jin
Published: April 2024

The voltage of the battery system is increased to increase the efficiency of the electric motor drive system. Additionally, the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is used to ensure high controllability. However, high-voltage and high-speed PWM switching controls for system efficiency generate high common mode voltage (CMV), and shaft voltage is induced in the bearing. This results in a shortened bearing life and potential damage. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to reduce the shaft voltage of the motor through a novel hybrid shield ring structure. It also analyzes how to improve the cooling performance of the motor using a shield ring. First, the parasitic capacitance inside the motor is analyzed. Then, the shaft voltage reduction technology is analyzed according to the material of the shield ring. Finally, experiments validate the proposed method. Additionally, the temperature characteristics of the main part of the motor are analyzed through an experiment in consideration of the shield ring.
A Novel Framework for Risk Warning That Utilizes an Improved Generative Adversarial Network and Categorical Boosting
Authors: Peng Yan , Liu Yue , Wang Jie , Li Xiao
Published: April 2024

To address the problems of inadequate training and low precision in prediction models with small-sample-size and incomplete data, a novel SALGAN-CatBoost-SSAGA framework is proposed in this paper. We utilize the standard K-nearest neighbor algorithm to interpolate missing values in incomplete data, and employ EllipticEnvelope to identify outliers. SALGAN, a generative adversarial network with a self-attention mechanism of label awareness, is utilized to generate virtual samples and increase the diversity of the training data for model training. To avoid local optima and improve the accuracy and stability of the standard CatBoost prediction model, an improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA)–Genetic Algorithm (GA) combination is adopted to construct an effective CatBoost-SSAGA model for risk warning, in which the SSAGA is used for the global parameter optimization of CatBoost. A UCI heart disease dataset is used for heart disease risk prediction. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed model in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-values, as well as the AUC.
Efficient Node Localization on Sensor Internet of Things Networks Using Deep Learning and Virtual Node Simulation
Authors: Kanwar Vivek , Aydin Orhun
Published: April 2024

Localization is a primary concern for wireless sensor networks as numerous applications rely on the precise position of nodes. This paper presents a precise deep learning (DL) approach for DV-Hop localization in the Internet of Things (IoT) using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to alleviate shortcomings of traditional DV-Hop. Our method leverages a deep neural network (DNN) to estimate distances between undetermined nodes (non-coordinated nodes) and anchor nodes (coordinated nodes) without imposing excessive costs on IoT infrastructure, while DL techniques require extensive training data for accuracy, we address this challenge by introducing a data augmentation strategy (DAS). The proposed algorithm involves creating virtual anchors strategically around real anchors, thereby generating additional training data and significantly enhancing dataset size, improving the efficacy of DNNs. Simulation findings suggest that the proposed deep learning model on DV-Hop localization outperforms other localization methods, particularly regarding positional accuracy.
Control of Threshold Voltage in ZnO/Al2O3 Thin-Film Transistors through Al2O3 Growth Temperature
Authors: Baek Dongki , Lee Se-Hyeong , Bak So-Young , Jang Hyeongrok , Lee Jinwoo , Yi Moonsuk
Published: April 2024

Ultra-thin ZnO thin-film transistors with a channel thickness of <10 nm have disadvantages of a high threshold voltage and a low carrier mobility due to a low carrier concentration. Although these issues can be addressed by utilizing the strong reducing power of tri-methyl-aluminum, a method is required to control parameters such as the threshold voltage. Therefore, we fabricated a ZnO/Al2O3 thin-film transistor with a thickness of 6 nm and adjusted the threshold voltage and carrier mobility through the modulation of carrier generation by varying the growth temperature of Al2O3. As the growth temperature of Al2O3 increased, oxygen vacancies generated at the hetero–oxide interface increased, supplying a free carrier into the channel and causing the threshold voltage to shift in the negative direction. The optimized device, a ZnO/Al2O3 thin-film transistor with a growth temperature of 140 °C, exhibited a μsat of 12.26 cm2/V∙s, Vth of 8.16 V, SS of 0.65 V/decade, and ION/OFF of 3.98 × 106. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed to analyze the properties of ZnO/Al2O3 thin films.
Research on Two Improved High–Voltage–Transfer–Ratio Space–Vector Pulse–Width–Modulation Strategies Applied to Five–Phase Inverter
Authors: Jing Mingchen , Xia Yihui , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2024

Considering that the defects of traditional nearest–two–vector SVPWM (NTV–SVPWM) have a low voltage transfer ratio (VTR) and those of nearest–four–vector SVPWM (NFV–SVPWM) have a high output current harmonic, two improved space–voltage pulse–width–modulation (SVPWM) strategies are proposed in this paper, based on analyzing the harmonic characteristics of traditional NTV–SVPWM and NFV–SVPWM. The first strategy is to synthesize the referenced voltage vector according to the different weight factors by NTV–SVPWM and NFV–SVPWM. The second strategy is to synthesize the referenced voltage vector according to the different weight factors of NFV–SVPWM and the large vector. Compared to NTV–SVPWM, the simulation results show that the two proposed SVPWM strategies have lower output voltage errors and THDs. Compared to NFV–SVPWM, the simulation results show that the two proposed SVPWM strategies have higher VTRs and THDs. Compared to the two proposed SVPWM strategies, proposed SVPWM strategy one has a lower output voltage error and THD. The experimental results verify that the proposed modulation strategy is correct and feasible.
Harnessing Test-Oriented Knowledge Graphs for Enhanced Test Function Recommendation
Authors: Liu Kaiqi , Wu Ji , Sun Qing , Yang Haiyan , Wan Ruiyuan
Published: April 2024

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) have become common in contemporary software development. Many automated API recommendation methods have been proposed. However, these methods suffer from a deficit of using domain knowledge, giving rise to challenges like the “cold start” and “semantic gap” problems. Consequently, they are unsuitable for test function recommendation, which recommends test functions for test engineers to implement test cases formed with various test steps. This paper introduces an approach named TOKTER, which recommends test functions leveraging test-oriented knowledge graphs. Such a graph contains domain concepts and their relationships related to the system under test and the test harness, which is constructed from the corpus data of the concerned test project. TOKTER harnesses the semantic associations between test steps (or queries) and test functions by considering literal descriptions, test function parameters, and historical data. We evaluated TOKTER with an industrial dataset and compared it with three state-of-the-art approaches. Results show that TOKTER significantly outperformed the baseline by margins of at least 36.6% in mean average precision (MAP), 19.6% in mean reciprocal rank (MRR), and 1.9% in mean recall (MR) for the top-10 recommendations.
Orchestrating Isolated Network Slices in 5G Networks
Authors: Esmaeily Ali , Kralevska Katina
Published: April 2024

Sharing resources through network slicing in a physical infrastructure facilitates service delivery to various sectors and industries. Nevertheless, ensuring security of the slices remains a significant hurdle. In this paper, we investigate the utilization of State-of-the-Art (SoA) Virtual Private Network (VPN) solutions in 5G networks to enhance security and performance when isolating slices. We deploy and orchestrate cloud-native network functions to create multiple scenarios that emulate real-life cellular networks. We evaluate the performance of the WireGuard, IPSec, and OpenVPN solutions while ensuring confidentiality and data protection within 5G network slices. The proposed architecture provides secure communication tunnels and performance isolation. Evaluation results demonstrate that WireGuard provides slice isolation in the control and data planes with higher throughput for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and lower latency for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) slices compared to IPSec and OpenVPN. Our developments show the potential of implementing WireGuard isolation, as a promising solution, for providing secure and efficient network slicing, which fulfills the 5G key performance indicator values.
Production and Characterization of Downgraded Maple Syrup-Based Synbiotic Containing Bacillus velezensis FZB42 for Animal Nutrition
Authors: Decabooter Gautier , Theiri Mariem , Groleau Denis , Filteau Marie , Fliss Ismail
Published: April 2024

The use of antibiotics to promote growth and prevent diarrhea in livestock production has raised concerns about the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits, have been proposed as alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we produced and characterized a downgraded maple syrup-based feed supplement containing Bacillus velezensis FZB42 as a potential synbiotic for animal nutrition. An optimized fermentation medium was developed through a central composite design to produce B. velezensis FZB42 at both the laboratory and pilot scale, reaching a concentration of 6.15 ± 0.46 × 109 CFU/mL. Subsequently, B. velezensis FZB42 was incorporated into a protective whey permeate matrix and spray-dried, resulting in a 31.4% yield with a moisture content of 4.38%. The survival of B. velezensis FZB42 in a simulated gastrointestinal tract was evaluated using the TIM-1 system, revealing a survival rate of 16.05% after passage through the gastric, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal compartments. These findings highlight the possibility of B. velezensis FZB42 being an economically viable and possibly functional synbiotic supplement and effective alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in livestock production.
Analyses of Scientific Collaboration Networks among Authors, Institutions, and Countries in FinTech Studies: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Duan Carson
Published: April 2024

Purpose: FinTech research has grown rapidly, but few studies have measured the levels of scientific collaboration among authors, institutions, and nations. This study aimed to reveal the status and levels of scientific collaboration in this field. The results will help scholars to combine their knowledge and resources to generate new ideas that may not have been possible if they worked alone and enable them to work more efficiently, resulting in higher-quality results for all parties. Design/methodology/approach: Research papers in the FinTech field indexed in the Web of Science databases from 1999 to 2022 were included in the research dataset. Using R-bibliometrix and VOS viewer (Visualisation of Similarities viewer), co-authorship networks were drawn. Additionally, some measures of the co-authorship network were assessed, such as the links, total link strength, total number of articles, total citations, normalized total citations, average year of publication, average citations, and average normalized normal citations. Beyond bibliometric analyses, this research gathers other statistics for analysis to gain further insights. Result: A total of 1792 publications were identified, and a number of these revealed an increase in the forms of collaboration, including collaboration among authors and institutions. Three lists of the most collaborative authors, institutions, and countries were compiled. The top authors, affiliations, and countries were ranked according to their total links, citations, average citations, and annual normalized citations. There were six distinct clusters of collaboration among authors, thirteen among affiliations, and eleven among countries. In terms of author collaborations, the links and total link strength had three nodes and four nodes, respectively. John Goodell, Chi-Chuan Le, and Shaen Corbet were the top three collaborative authors. In terms of affiliations, the two strength attributes were 8 and 12 nodes, with Sydney University, Hong Kong University, and the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics topping the list. In terms of collaboration among countries, these two attributes had 14 and 34 nodes. Three of the most collaborative countries were England, the People’s Republic of China, and the United States. Originality/value: In contrast with previous systematic literature reviews, this study quantitatively examines the collaboration status in the FinTech field on three levels: authors, affiliations, and countries.
The Effects of Four Different Thawing Methods on Quality Indicators of Amphioctopus neglectus
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Liu Shuji , Li Shuigen , Chen Xiaoe , Xu Min , Su Yongchang , Qiao Kun , Chen Xiaoting , Chen Bei , Zhong Hong , Lin Hetong , Liu Zhiyu
Published: April 2024

Amphioctopus neglectus is a species of octopus that is favored by consumers due to its rich nutrient profile. To investigate the influence of different thawing methods on the quality of octopus meat, we employed four distinct thawing methods: air thawing (AT), hydrostatic thawing (HT), flowing water thawing (FWT), and microwave thawing (MT). We then explored the differences in texture, color, water retention, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB–N), total sulfhydryl content, Ca2+–ATPase activity, and myofibrillar protein, among other quality indicators in response to these methods, and used a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer to assess the water migration that occurred during the thawing process. The results revealed that AT had the longest thawing time, leading to oxidation-induced protein denaturation, myofibrillar protein damage, and a significant decrease in water retention. Additionally, when this method was utilized, the content of TVB–N was significantly higher than in the other three groups. HT, to a certain extent, isolated the oxygen in the meat and thus alleviated protein oxidation, allowing higher levels of Ca2+–ATPase activity, sulfhydryl content, and springiness to be maintained. However, HT had a longer duration: 2.95 times that of FWT, resulting in a 9.84% higher cooking loss and a 28.21% higher TVB–N content compared to FWT. MT had the shortest thawing time, yielding the lowest content of TVB–N. However, uneven heating and in some cases overcooking occurred, severely damaging the protein structure, with a concurrent increase in thawing loss, W value, hardness, and shear force. Meanwhile, FWT improved the L*, W* and b* values of octopus meat, enhancing its color and water retention. The myofibrillar protein (MP) concentration was also the highest after FWT, with clearer subunit bands in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, indicating that less degradation occurred and allowing greater springiness, increased Ca2+–ATPase activity, and a higher sulfhydryl content to be maintained. This suggests that FWT has an inhibitory effect on oxidation, alleviating protein oxidation degradation and preserving the quality of the meat. In conclusion, FWT outperformed the other three thawing methods, effectively minimizing adverse changes during thawing and successfully maintaining the quality of octopus meat.
A Healthy Brazil Nut Beverage with Opuntia stricta var. dillenii Green Extract: Beverage Stability and Changes in Bioactives and Antioxidant Activity during Cold Storage
Authors: Alvarado-López Daniel A. , Parralejo-Sanz Sara , Lobo M. Gloria , Cano M. Pilar
Published: April 2024

Plant-based beverages are one of the foods that currently arouse a lot of interest in the population due to their composition with compounds beneficial to health in addition to their being used as milk substitutes for people who suffer from food disorders. Also, their fortification with different nutrients or healthy ingredients with the aim of improving plant-based health potential is actually gaining importance in the food industry. For this reason, the aim of the present investigation was the preparation of a healthy Brazil nut beverage enriched with Opuntia stricta var. dillenii pulp green extracts (ODPs), in order to produce a healthy plant-based beverage with improved nutritional characteristics. The microstructural characterization of the Brazil nut beverage, its stability during cold storage for up to 24 days at 5 °C, the composition of bioactive compounds provided via ODP extract (betalains and phenolic compounds), and their antioxidant activity were evaluated in this study. Green ODP extracts (0.5 and 1 g/100 g beverage) were added to a standardized Brazil nut beverage (reduced fat beverage). The characterization of the bioactive composition (betalains and phenolic compounds) of the elaborated beverage was achieved via HPLC (UV-vis and MS-QT of detection), and the antioxidant activity measurements via ORAC were also carried out. Optical microscopy, particle size, and Z potential analysis was conducted to characterize the structure of the Brazil nut beverages as food emulsions in which ODP extract was added. Most of the bioactive compounds from the green ODP extract added to the beverages showed good retention and remained stable throughout the 24 days of storage at 7 °C, with encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 98.34% to 92.35% for betalains and from 93.67% and 81.20% for phenolic compounds. According to the results of this study, Brazil nut beverage seems to be a healthy and efficient food emulsion system to encapsulate ODP extract rich in betalains and phenolic compounds, with high antioxidant activity, making possible the development of a Brazil nut beverage with improved health potential.
Investigating Milk Fat Globule Structure, Size, and Functionality after Thermal Processing and Homogenization of Human Milk
Authors: Ozturk Gulustan , Paviani Bruna , Rai Rewa , Robinson Randall C. , Durham Sierra D. , Baller Mara I. , Wang Aidong , Nitin Nitin , Barile Daniela
Published: April 2024

Human milk provides bioactive compounds such as milk fat globules (MFGs), which promote brain development, modulate the immune system, and hold antimicrobial properties. To ensure microbiological safety, donor milk banks apply heat treatments. This study compares the effects of heat treatments and homogenization on MFG’s physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and bioavailability. Vat pasteurization (Vat-PT), retort (RTR), and ultra-high temperature (UHT) were performed with or without homogenization. UHT, RTR, and homogenization increased the colloidal dispersion of globules, as indicated by increased zeta potential. The RTR treatment completely inactivated xanthine oxidase activity (a marker of MFG bioactivity), whereas UHT reduced its activity by 93%. Interestingly, Vat-PT resulted in less damage, with 28% activity retention. Sialic acid, an important compound for brain health, was unaffected by processing. Importantly, homogenization increased the in vitro lipolysis of MFG, suggesting that this treatment could increase the digestibility of MFG. In terms of color, homogenization led to higher L* values, indicating increased whiteness due to finer dispersion of the fat and casein micelles (and thus greater light scattering), whereas UHT and RTR increased b* values associated with Maillard reactions. This study highlights the nuanced effects of processing conditions on MFG properties, emphasizing the retention of native characteristics in Vat-PT-treated human milk.
Comment on Nasir et al. The Mahout Structure in the Central Desert of Oman: A Possible Simple Impact Crater. Geosciences 2023, 13, 363
Authors: Reimold Wolf Uwe
Published: April 2024

A possible impact crater at Mahout in Oman was recently proposed by Nasir et al. (2023 [1]). They alleged that “crater” morphology, shatter cones, shock metamorphic evidence in quartz, plagioclase, and calcite, as well as initial geochemical information and geophysical data supported this proposal. Their conclusion was that “All current analyses suggest the impact origin of the Mahout structure” (p. 20 of the article). In this Comment, their evidence is critically discussed and largely refuted. It is demonstrated that the basis to consider the Mahout structure a possible impact structure is very limited and that further detailed, state-of-the-art analyses of the mesoscopic and microscopic de-formation features are required to obtain credible evidence. Beyond the discussion of the article by Nasir et al., this Comment emphasizes the general need for careful and comprehensive analysis of the geological structures that might, a priori, suggest a possible impact origin if, ultimately, a new impact structure can be successfully confirmed.
Lumbar Paravertebral Muscle Pain Management Using Kinesitherapy and Electrotherapeutic Modalities
Authors: Silişteanu Sînziana Călina , Antonescu Elisabeta , Duică Lavinia , Totan Maria , Cucu Andrei Ionuţ , Costea Andrei Ioan
Published: April 2024

Background: Low back pain is considered a public health problem internationally. Low back pain is a cause of disability that occurs in adolescents and causes negative effects in adults as well. The work environment and physical and psychosocial factors can influence the occurrence and evolution of low back pain. Methods: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the physiological and functional changes in young adults with painful conditions of the lumbar spine, after using exercise therapy. The study was of the longitudinal type and was carried out over a period 6 months in an outpatient setting. The rehabilitation treatment included electrotherapeutic modalities and kinesitherapy. Results: The results obtained when evaluating each parameter, for all moments, show statistically significant values in both groups. The results obtained regarding the relationship between the therapeutic modalities specific to rehabilitation medicine and low back pain are consistent with those reported in studies. Conclusions: Depending on the clinical-functional status of each patient, kinesitherapy can accelerate the heart rate and increase the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of the arterial blood, values that can later return to their initial levels, especially through training.
Changes in the Average Body Mass Index of Fifth- and Sixth-Grade Korean Elementary School Students: The Role of Physical Education in Student Health
Authors: Chang Byung-Kweon , Park Se-Won , Kim Young-Sik , Lee Seung-Man
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to emphasize the importance of physical education in maintaining sufficient physical activity by examining the average BMI of fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea over multiple years. This study investigated changes in the average BMI of fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea. It provided foundational data to suggest the role of physical education in student health and set future directions. The 2019–2021 Physical Activity Promotion System (PAPS) of the Korean Ministry of Education was used. Data corresponding to fifth- and sixth-grade students (124,693 from 2019, 126,226 from 2020, and 117,809 from 2021) in 1208 elementary schools in Korea were collected. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted for the data analysis. The study findings are as follows: First, the average BMI of fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea increased significantly in 2021 compared with 2019 and 2020. Second, changes in the yearly average BMI showed a significant difference depending on gender and grade. Obesity among fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Korea increased steadily during 2019–2021, which may be due to a decrease in students’ physical activity. Male students showed a steeper increase regardless of grade. During the study period, limited physical activity at school increased obesity rates. Physical education must play a role in students’ health in preparation for future changes.
Three-Dimensional Analysis for the Documentation of the Restoration of an Earthquake-Damaged Triptych
Authors: Vannini Emma , Lunghi Irene , Grifoni Emanuela , Farioli Petra , Ginanni Marina , Santacesaria Andrea , Fontana Raffaella
Published: April 2024

The 3D digital reproduction of panel paintings is an efficient practice through which to document their state of conservation thanks to the ability to study artwork both at the microscopic level, visualising the craquelure and the detachments of pictorial layers, and at the macroscopic level, analysing support structures and their deformations. In recent years, research has focused on new methodologies to handle multiple 3D scans acquired over time and to achieve data fusion to obtain multi-resolution products. In this paper, we present the results of the acquisition of the central panel of an earthquake-damaged triptych using two different 3D techniques (close-range photogrammetry and structured light) before and after its restoration to carry out a multi-temporal analysis of the conservation status and document the effects of the restoration. Furthermore, we performed laser scanning micro-profilometry on a small area of the painting to study the artist’s technique and identify previous restorations. Finally, we merged the two 3D datasets (obtained by structured-light projection and micro-profilometry) to produce a multi-resolution 3D model with the aim of increasing the accuracy and readability of the final product.
Implementation of Learning Management Systems (Moodle): Effects on Students’ Language Acquisition and Attitudes towards Learning English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Qaddumi Husam Ahmad , Smith Matt
Published: April 2024

Among the most popular learning management systems (LMS) available worldwide is Moodle. This current study examines how learners’ attitudes toward English as a foreign language (EFL) and their language proficiency are affected by Moodle’s interactive language-learning activities. Thirty-three undergraduate students participated in this study. We investigated the effects of engaging language-learning exercises that were practiced on Moodle using an experimental research design. To find out if the experimental and control groups differed significantly from one another on pre- and post-measures regarding the development of language skills and attitudes toward language classrooms, a number of statistical tests were employed. We conducted a data analysis using SPSS software. The results demonstrated that there were differences favoring the experimental group in the development of language skills and the attitudes of learners toward the language classroom. There were no apparent differences in forming structures, speaking, or listening compared to the control group’s learners. On the other hand, there were notable differences in the overall score, writing and reading skills, and lexical item mastery. Additionally, significant differences in the language acquisition growth of the experimental and control groups were found using an independent-sample t-test in the post-test, with the experimental group benefiting.
Comprehension of City Map Pictograms Designed for Specific Tourists’ Needs
Authors: Kovačević Dorotea , Brozović Maja , Možina Klementina
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of new point-of-interest (POI) pictograms on tourist maps within the Croatian and Slovenian contexts, focusing on enhancing the tourist experience in urban settings for individuals with specific needs. Despite the widespread use of tourist maps, there is a lack of research evaluating POI pictograms tailored to the needs of tourists with specific dietary, health-related, and sustainable clothing purchases. To fill this gap, we designed six new pictograms in three domains: healthcare, food, and apparel. The pictograms were evaluated using an online questionnaire involving 138 participants with a diverse range of ages and educational backgrounds. The results on comprehension and subjective assessments of the pictograms’ qualities revealed insights into the subtle cultural and lifestyle influences on pictogram perception. The findings provide a basis for considering the potential of new pictogram designs in improving navigational experiences with geospatial information and encouraging sustainable tourist behaviors.
The Genomic Intersection of Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in Schizophrenia and Aging Unravels Novel Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials
Authors: Rivera Andrea D. , Normanton John R. , Butt Arthur M. , Azim Kasum
Published: April 2024

Schizophrenia is a significant worldwide health concern, affecting over 20 million individuals and contributing to a potential reduction in life expectancy by up to 14.5 years. Despite its profound impact, the precise pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia continue to remain enigmatic, with previous research yielding diverse and occasionally conflicting findings. Nonetheless, one consistently observed phenomenon in brain imaging studies of schizophrenia patients is the disruption of white matter, the bundles of myelinated axons that provide connectivity and rapid signalling between brain regions. Myelin is produced by specialised glial cells known as oligodendrocytes, which have been shown to be disrupted in post-mortem analyses of schizophrenia patients. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life by a major population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), which are essential for white matter health and plasticity. Notably, a decline in a specific subpopulation of OPC has been identified as a principal factor in oligodendrocyte disruption and white matter loss in the aging brain, suggesting this may also be a factor in schizophrenia. In this review, we analysed genomic databases to pinpoint intersections between aging and schizophrenia and identify shared mechanisms of white matter disruption and cognitive dysfunction.
Assessment of Postgraduate Academic Productivity Following a Longitudinal Research Program in a Medical School Curriculum
Authors: Ong Hannah , Charles Shaquille , Ong Joshua , Nawash Baraa , Thomas Shavin , Fowler John R.
Published: April 2024

Early involvement and exposure to evidence-based research during medical school have been shown to play a formative role in students’ holistic development as future physicians. While there are medical schools encouraging research initiatives, few programs implement 4-year longitudinal research in the curriculum. Here, the authors categorized graduates as pre-LRP or post-LRP and utilized PubMed’s Advanced Search Builder to identify each graduate’s publications with a time frame that began from 1 year to 7 years post-graduation. The data were then analyzed to identify any significant changes between these two cohorts. A total of 1022 medical school graduates from an ACGME-accredited U.S. medical school were included in this study. The average rate of publications annually was 0.47 + 1.43 (pre-LRP) and 0.57 + 1.40 (post-LRP). Additionally, the average probability of at least one publication in a given year was 22% (95% CI: 0.21–0.23) pre-LRP and 27% (95% CI: 0.25–0.28) post-LRP. Lastly, the average probability of at least one first-author publication in a given year was 12.2% (95% CI: 0.12–0.13) pre-LRP and 15% (95% CI: 0.14–0.16) post-LRP. Overall, participation in a mentored longitudinal research program during medical school demonstrated a positive trend in the number and rate of publications. The implementation of a mentored longitudinal research program can contribute to increased research productivity in physicians’ early careers, leading to the development of important research skills, the fostering of commitment in scholarly work, and a deeper understanding of evidence-based medicine.
Injection Site Matters: A Comparative Analysis of Transpulmonary Thermodilution via Simultaneous Femoral and Jugular Indicator Injections under Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Kopp Sabrina , Windschmitt Johannes , Schnauder Lena , Münzel Thomas , Keller Karsten , Karbach Susanne , Hobohm Lukas , Lurz Philipp , Sagoschen Ingo , Wild Johannes
Published: April 2024

Background: The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) in acute lung failure has witnessed a notable increase. The PiCCO system is frequently used for advanced hemodynamic monitoring in this cohort. Our study aimed to investigate whether the choice of indicator injection site (jugular vs. femoral) in patients undergoing vv-ECMO therapy affects transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) measurements using the PiCCO® device (Pulsion Medical Systems SE, Munich, Germany). Methods: In a retrospective single-center analysis, we compared thermodilution-derived hemodynamic parameters after simultaneous jugular and femoral injections in 28 measurements obtained in two patients with respiratory failure who were undergoing vv-ECMO therapy. Results: Elevated values of the extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) and global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI) were observed following femoral indicator injection compared to jugular indicator injection (EVLWI: 29.3 ± 10.9 mL/kg vs. 18.3 ± 6.71 mL/kg, p = 0.0003; ITBVI: 2163 ± 631 mL/m2 vs. 806 ± 125 mL/m2, p < 0.0001; GEDVI: 1731 ± 505 mL/m2 vs. 687 ± 141 mL/m2, p < 0.0001). The discrepancy between femoral and jugular measurements exhibited a linear correlation with extracorporeal blood flow (ECBF). Conclusions: In a PiCCO®-derived hemodynamic assessment of patients on vv-ECMO, the femoral indicator injection, as opposed to the jugular injection, resulted in an overestimation of all index parameters. This discrepancy can be attributed to mean transit time (MTt) and downslope time-dependent (DSt) variations in GEDVI and cardiac function index and is correlated with ECBF.