bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmarket Surveillance of Neuroendovascular Devices
Authors: Luff Marie K. , Sedrakyan Art , Ansari Sameer A. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Liebeskind David S.
Published: January 2024

Endovascular devices have catalyzed a global industry for advanced technologies such as flow diverters and stent retrievers. Though adoption of these devices has skyrocketed over the past 30 years, the regulatory landscape for real‐world monitoring is constantly under revision.

Postmarket surveillance is an area of Medical Device Regulation that monitors how devices perform in the real world after regulatory approval. This area of research is underdeveloped globally, with most surveillance relying on passive adverse event data collection from health care systems. The US Food and Drug Administration has not yet established a comprehensive postmarket surveillance strategy for neuroendovascular devices. Postmarket clinical surveillance data are rare; only 4 mandated 522 postmarket neuroendovascular trials exist, and 4 of 14 endovascular registries have published results per ClinicalTrials.gov. The European Union 2017 Medical Device Regulation describes a comprehensive regulatory strategy to address postmarket surveillance, yet it has faced difficult implementation due to resource constraints and concerns such as increased costs and reliance on foreign devices and regulators. More than 50% of manufacturers are planning portfolio reductions, with 33% of the devices from these manufacturers planned for discontinuation. As of April 2022, >85% of 500 000+ previously certified devices were without new certification.

In this article, we describe the current regulatory landscape for postmarket surveillance and support the need for a comprehensive, cost‐efficient postmarket strategy for neurovascular devices while proposing several solutions and considerations. An effective postmarket strategy has numerous benefits, such as promoting patient safety, expanding real‐world data collection, and increased efficiency for approving future devices.
High-resolution diffusion imaging in the unfixed post-mortem infant brain at 7 T
Authors: Wu Wenchuan , Rieger Sebastian W. , Baxter Luke , Adams Eleri , Andersson Jesper L.R. , Cobo Maria M. , Andritsou Foteini , Bastiani Matteo , Fry Ria Evans , Frost Robert , Fitzgibbon Sean , Foxley Sean , Fowler Darren , Gallagher Chris , Howard Amy F.D. , Hajnal Joseph V. , Moultrie Fiona , Monk Vaneesha , Porter David Andrew , Papp Daniel , Price Anthony , Sallet Jerome , Sanders Michael , Wilkinson Dominic , Slater Rebeccah , Miller Karla L.
Published: January 2024

Diffusion MRI of the infant brain allows investigation of the organizational structure of maturing fibers during brain development. Post-mortem imaging has the potential to achieve high resolution by using long scan times, enabling precise assessment of small structures. Technical development for post-mortem diffusion MRI has primarily focused on scanning of fixed tissue, which is robust to effects like temperature drift that can cause unfixed tissue to degrade. The ability to scan unfixed tissue in the intact body would enable post-mortem studies without organ donation, but poses new technical challenges. This paper describes our approach to scan setup, protocol optimization, and tissue protection in the context of the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) of neonates. A major consideration was the need to preserve the integrity of unfixed tissue during scanning in light of energy deposition at ultra-high magnetic field strength. We present results from one of the first two subjects recruited to the study, who died on postnatal day 46 at 29+6 weeks postmenstrual age, demonstrating high-quality diffusion MRI data. We find altered diffusion properties consistent with post-mortem changes reported previously. Preliminary voxel-wise and tractography analyses are presented with comparison to age-matched in vivo dHCP data. These results show that high-quality, high-resolution post-mortem data of unfixed tissue can be acquired to explore the developing human brain.
Stress, corticosterone, and colour-change in a toad with dynamic sexual dichromatism
Authors: Gardner Katrina M. , Mennill Daniel J. , Newman Amy E.M. , Doucet Stéphanie M.
Published: January 2024

Animals use colouration to serve diverse functions including camouflage, thermoregulation, and communication. Recent research has revealed that many anurans exhibit drastic colour changes and growing evidence supports that these changes are sexually selected signals. Male yellow toads, Incilius luetkenii, exhibit dynamic sexual dichromatism, changing from mud-brown to lemon-yellow during their brief breeding events. Toads darken when isolated in captivity, which is hypothesized to be a stress response, although the mechanisms driving this change have yet to be experimentally investigated. We confined breeding toads to small terrariums for four hours and predicted that colour and corticosterone levels would change in isolation. We found that toads darkened during isolation, but that corticosterone levels did not change with colour. Our correlational results suggest that corticosterone is not the main driver of colour change in yellow toads and highlight avenues for future research that may enhance our understanding of colour change in anurans.
The Origins of the Peloponnesian War, Chapter IV, and the Development of Spartan Historical Studies
Authors: Hodkinson Stephen
Published: January 2024

This article examines the impact on Spartan historiography of Chapter IV of de Ste. Croix’s Origins of the Peloponnesian War, focusing on his discussions of Spartan politics and society in Sections v–vi. These sections fit oddly within the overall chapter, but they blew a breath of fresh air into Spartan studies through their revisionist approach, intimations of the socio-economic bases of policy-making, and extended accounts of ‘real-life’ political episodes across the classical period. Along with Moses Finley’s near-contemporary article on Sparta, OPW significantly influenced the following generation of British historians (including the author), although they often adopted different interpretations or developed new perspectives on Spartan society only hinted at by de Ste. Croix. OPW also had an important impact on Western European historiography on Spartan politics. Its combination of constitutional and societal approaches gives it an enduring currency in the context of developing Historical Institutionalist approaches to political studies.
A new amber representative of the genus Ectobius Stephens, 1835 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) from Storebælt (Denmark)
Authors: ANISYUTKIN LEONID N. , VASILENKO DMITRY V. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E.
Published: January 2024

A new fossil cockroach, Ectobius danekrae sp. nov., is described on the basis of a single male adult individual from late Eocene Danish amber. This is the third representative of the genus Ectobius Stephens, 1835 from Eocene ambers. The new species exhibits plesiomorphic characters of small right stylus and subsymmetrical claws, compared to the known fossil and living species of the genus. The references to Ectobius balticus (Germar et Berendt, 1856) and Margattea Shelford, 1911 sp. presence in Danish amber are insufficient.
Tiger beetles of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of the Philippines, with some considerations of the taxonomy of the genus
Authors: ANICHTCHENKO ALEXANDER , WIESNER JÜRGEN
Published: January 2024

The fully everted endophallus in the genus Tricondyla is studied and described for the first time. Also, the following new synonymies are established: Pseudotricondyla Naviaux, 2002 syn. nov. = Stenotricondyla Naviaux, 2002; T. (T.) aptera punctipennis Chevrolat, 1841 syn. nov. = T. (T.) aptera aptera (Olivier,1790); T. (T.) aptera lumawigi Wiesner, 1989 syn. nov. = T. (T.) ovicollis Motschulsky, 1864; T. (S.) cavifrons Schaum, 1862 syn. nov. = T. (S.) cyanipes Eschscholtz, 1829; T. (S.) gracilis Naviaux, 2002 syn. nov. = T. (S.) elongata Horn, 1906; T. (T.) huloti Naviaux, 2009 syn. nov. = T. (S.) cyanipes fuscilabris Mandl, 1964 = T. (S.) conicicollis Chaudoir, 1844. Tricondyla (S.) oblita Naviaux, 2002, syn. nov. = Tricondyla brunnipes Motschulsky, 1861. New subgeneric placement is proposed: T. (S.) elongata Horn, 1906; T. (S.) planiceps Schaum, 1862; T. (S.) gracilis Naviaux, 2002. One new species T. (T.) johnsoni sp. nov. is described from Mindanao. The taxonomic status of T. (S.) genieri Naviaux, 2008 is discussed. The species T. (S.) beccarii Gestro, 1874 is transferred from nominative subgenus to Stenotricondyla and together with T. (Stenotricondyla) doriai Gestro, 1874 excluded from the list of species of the Philippines. A key to the species is provided. Color photographs of the habitus, and diagnostic characters, including the variability of all species, are presented.
Three new interstitial species of the genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea: Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the infralittoral zone in Japan
Authors: ASABA ERIKA , ASABA REINA , TSUKAGOSHI AKIRA
Published: January 2024

This study is the first to report on interstitial species of the genus Neonesidea: Neonesidea arenalocus sp. nov. from the Pacific coast of central Japan, Neonesidea alyamanai sp. nov. from the Pacific coast of south-western Japan, and Neonesidea alwakasaensis sp. nov. from the Sea of Japan coast of western Japan. All three species share a smaller carapace size than that of the epiphytic Neonesidea species; in particular, the carapace width and valve thickness are significantly less. Furthermore, the terminal claws on the walking legs are more linear than those of the epiphytic Neonesidea species. However, these three new species share a feature in the apical portion of the terminal claw on the male’s second antennae and asymmetric brush-shaped organs, which are common to this genus. In addition, the results of our field survey indicate that all three new species occur in coarse-grained sediments (coarse sand to pebbles) in the upper infralittoral zone, particularly on Miho-Masaki Beach, which contains an optimum zone for N. arenalocus sp. nov.
The checklist of leaf-mining moths Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) of Korea with description of two new species and nine newly recorded species
Authors: KIM DA-SOM , OH JAE-IN , BYUN BONG-KYU
Published: January 2024

In the present study, a total of 30 species of Phyllonorycter Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) in Korea are recognized and enumerated. Among them, two species (Phyllonorycter phallustenuis sp. nov. and P. daehana sp. nov.) are newly described to science. In addition, nine species are reported for the first time for the country: P. ginnalae (Ermolaev, 1981), P. jezoniella (Matsumura, 1931), P. lonicerae (Kumata, 1963), P. nigristella (Kumata, 1957), P. ostryae (Kumata, 1963), P. reduncata (Ermolaev, 1986), P. sorbicola (Kumata, 1963), P. tritorrhecta (Meyrick, 1935), and P. zelkovae (Kumata, 1963). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both adults and genitalia of the new species are provided.
Characterization of Single Event Effect in a Radiation Hardened Programmable Read-Only Memory in a 130 nm Bulk CMOS Technology
Authors: Yang Guoqing , Zhang Jizuo , Zhang Jincheng , Liu Xiangyuan , Yang Yimin
Published: January 2024

The concept of memory that can only be read but cannot be changed seems strange at first. In reality, it is found that it has great application potential, such as the processor with a fixed purpose, the initial set value of the microprocessor BIOS, and these data are stored in Programmable
Read-Only Memory (PROM) to quickly realize system functions. The PROM storage content is fixed, greatly simplifying his design. The radiation of space particles is the main factor causing the failure of the electronic system of spacecraft. The PROM storage array of the space electronic system
is the most basic guarantee for the normal operation of the electronic system. The chip adopts domestic 130 nm standard technology of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS), Muller-C digital filter is used in the peripheral subsystem of PROM storage array, and the core cell uses Dual
Interlocked Cell (DICE) and ring gate and other radiation hardening technologies to design a 32Kx8bit radiation resistant asynchronous programmable PROM. Pre-silicon of devices was verified by Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD), and post silicon radiation verification was completed through
radiation experiment. The post silicon radiation experiment showed that the total ionizing Dose (TID) capacity of the PROM chip was ≥100 Krad (Si), the critical value of single event upset (SEU) was ≥37.1 MeV·cm2/mg, the critical value of single event latch up was ≥98
MeV·cm2/mg, meeting the life requirements of the initial value storage of aerospace electronic systems. These performances ensure the reliable operation of the space electronic system after restart.
Optical Electric Current Transformer for Monitoring Its Performance in the Substation
Authors: Li Jingxiang , Lai Hao , Liu Yuchao , Xia Xiaopeng
Published: January 2024

The optical electric current transformer (OECT) is an important measuring and protection equipment in the power system. Its accuracy and reliability are vital to the power system’s safe, reliable, and economical operation. Because the energy supply of a high-voltage side data
acquisition system is the biggest obstacle in developing this kind of transformer, a low-power data acquisition system of OECT is designed from cost, reliability, accuracy, and practicability. In the design process, the low-power microcontroller MSP430 produced by TI company is used for control.
Its rich on-chip and off-chip function modules and ultra-low power performance meet the system’s requirements. The 16-bit low-power high-speed chip ADS8325 is used as an A/D converter to ensure the instantaneity and accuracy of data acquisition and the low-power characteristics of the
system. The optical fiber digital transmission system is utilized to achieve high/low voltage electrical isolation, and the low-power optical fiber transmission drive circuit is devised. After the main hardware design is completed, the software is adjusted and used in the electric energy monitoring
of the substation. The test shows that the error of three-phase current and three-phase voltage is less than 2%. After setting the voltage amplitude, current amplitude, and power factor, the error of its active and reactive power is less than 2% after electric energy monitoring. After multiple
harmonic tests, the measurement errors of voltage harmonics and current harmonics are smaller than 5%, that is, the measurement results of each index achieve high measurement accuracy.
Performance Enhancement of Cross-Layer Cognitive Media Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensing Networks Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Approach
Authors: Alshehri Aziz , Shaman Faisal , Hussain Mohammad Rashid , Badr Mohammed Mehdi , Alamari Jebreel , Dildar Muhammad Shahid , Siddiqui Md. Ashraf , Anwer Faisal , Irshad Reyazur Rashid
Published: January 2024

In recent times, wireless sensing networks (WSNs) application usage is increased in a great way. Access to the communication channel is handled by the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. At the MAC, a control channel is utilized to determine collision-free data transport pathways. As
a result, with cognitive radio (CR) technology, the control channel architecture is critical to obtaining mandatory quality of Service (QoS). However, latency, network communication delay, and energy consumption are the main problem. In this article, a novel African Buffalo allied Jellfish
Optimization (AFJO) is proposed for clustering and optimal Cluster Head (CH) selection. The hybrid intelligence method uses a unique probabilistic assessment rule purpose as a fitness role to find the best data transmission path while avoiding congestion, which is named as Fuzzy Interfaced
Red Deer (FIRD). The proposed protocol’s performance is evaluated using Network Simulator (NS2), which takes into account parameters such as energy consumption, computational complexity, and Quality of Service (QoS) performance with radio frequency integrated parameters. The suggested
technique decreases energy consumption, end-to-end latency, communication overhead, and maximizes network throughput when compared to state-of-the-art cross layer cognitive mac protocol for WSNs system approaches.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Copper Metal-Organic Framework Composite for the Sensitive Detection of Lead Ions in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Bodkhe Gajanan A. , Siva Subramanian , Hashem Mohamed , Fouad Hasan , More Mayuri S. , Ingle Nikesh N. , Patil Harshada K. , Obaid Shamsan S. , Kim Myunghee , Shirsat Mahendra D.
Published: January 2024

Lead (Pb) is a hazardous heavy metal extensively employed in various industrial applications, often resulting in the presence of its ionic form (Pb2+) in water resources. Due to its profound toxicity to humans and the environment, the reliable detection and removal of Pb2+
ions from water are imperative. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a composite material consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) incorporated into a copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF) known as copper benzene tricarboxylate (CuBTC). This composite denoted as
SWNTs@CuBTC, was synthesized via a solvothermal route. Comprehensive characterizations, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX),
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were conducted to elucidate its structural and morphological properties. Electrochemical assessments, specifically cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to evaluate the electrochemical behaviour of the SWNTs@CuBTC composite. Subsequently, a sensor utilizing SWNTs@CuBTC was constructed by modifying glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) through a drop-casting technique. The sensing capabilities of this sensor were
systematically examined using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Our sensor exhibited exceptional sensitivity towards Pb2+ ions, with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) of 25 nM and a sensitivity of 0.1499 μA/nM, showcasing its potential for highly
sensitive detection of Pb2+ ions in aqueous solutions.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of TiO2 Nanorods for Hydrazine Sensing
Authors: Umar Ahmad , Shaheer Akhtar M. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Alhamami Mohsen A. M. , Kim Chong Yeal
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis, characterization, and application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods for the purpose of hydrazine chemical sensing. The nanorods were efficiently prepared through a low-temperature chemical synthesis process,
and a detail characterization process was undertaken to assess their structural, morphological, compositional, and sensing properties. Employing sophisticated techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the morphological
characterizations unveiled a high-density growth of diminutive nanorods. Crystallographic examinations confirmed the exceptional crystallinity of the synthesized nanorods, showcasing a predominant anatase phase. These insights into the structural and morphological attributes contribute to
a profound understanding of the nanorods’ potential in various applications. Notably, this study focuses on the utilization of TiO2 nanorods as electron mediating materials for the fabrication of a hydrazine chemical sensor. The fabricated sensor exhibited commendable sensitivity,
registering a current response of 4.69 μA·μM−1·cm−2, coupled with a remarkably low detection limit of 174 μM. The outcomes of this investigation underscore the promising role of TiO2 nanorods as effective
electron mediators in chemical sensor design. This work establishes a foundation for the development of sensors capable of detecting a spectrum of hazardous and toxic chemicals, with a specific emphasis on hydrazine.
Kinetic Energy Cascade Induced by the Interaction of Mean Flow, Topography, and Mesoscale Eddies East of Taiwan: A Scale-to-Scale Analysis
Authors: Xu Lingjing , Yang Dezhou , He Zhiwei , Feng Xingru , Gao Guandong , Cui Xuan , Yin Baoshu
Published: January 2024

The scale-to-scale kinetic energy (KE) cascade induced by the nonlinear interaction among topography, the Kuroshio, and mesoscale eddies is systematically investigated in the coarse-graining framework based on simulated data from the well-validated Regional Ocean Model System. The KE transfer exhibits inhomogeneous spatial and temporal distributions and varies with length scale. During current–topography interaction, the KE transfers downscale across larger scales and reversely across smaller scales with an inherent separation scale of 150 km northeast of Taiwan, resulting in a significant positive net KE flux for mesoscale motions. The transfer around Suao Ridge is consistently downscaled with significant seasonal variation that is stronger in summer and weaker in winter. South of Suao Ridge, the transfer is one order of magnitude weaker and changes greatly with time. The cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy weakens (enhances) KE transfer in most study areas. In particular, the cyclonic eddy reverses the transfer direction around Suao Ridge. The anticyclonic eddy triggers a significant bidirectional transfer south of Suao Ridge. Analyses show that the special arc-shaped topographic feature and northwestward Kuroshio intrusion current are responsible for the nature of bidirectional KE transfer northeast of Taiwan. The direction of mean current relative to the topography gradient determines the Rossby number magnitude and the KE transfer direction. The large-scale circulation determines the transfer intensity by changing the horizontal shear and barotropic instabilities. The KE transfer caused by nonlinear dynamics contributes significantly to the total anticyclonic eddy-induced net KE flux changes. In particular, the inverse KE cascade plays a key role in net KE flux changes in mesoscale motions east of Taiwan.

Significance Statement

In this work, we clarify the scale-to-scale kinetic energy transfer east of Taiwan. Energy transfer varies in different subareas. It is bidirectional northeast of Taiwan, consistently downscale around Suao Ridge, and weak and variable south of Suao Ridge. These transfer characteristics are closely related to the direction of mean flow relative to the topography gradient. Mesoscale eddies can trigger bidirectional transfer and even reverse the transfer direction. The reverse cascade is as important as the forward cascade for the total mesoscale energy change. This study not only shows an example of KE cascade when strong currents pass through continental slope, sea ridge, and open ocean, but also is of great significance for studying the dynamical and ecological environment variation of marginal sea.
Intracardiac Thrombus in COVID-19 Inpatients: A Nationwide Study of Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes
Authors: Agrawal Ankit , Bajaj Suryansh , Bhagat Umesh , Chandna Sanya , Arockiam Aro Daniela , Chan Nicholas , Haroun Elio , Gupta Rahul , Badwan Osamah , Shekhar Shashank , Kathavarayan Ramu Shivabalan , Nayar Divya , Jaber Wael , Griffin Brian P , Wang Tom Kai Ming
Published: January 2024

COronaVIrus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a hypercoagulable state. Intracardiac thrombosis is a potentially serious complication but has seldom been evaluated in COVID-19 patients. We assessed the incidence, associated factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with intracardiac thrombosis. In 2020, COVID-19 inpatients were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Data on clinical characteristics, intracardiac thrombosis, and adverse outcomes were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with intracardiac thrombosis, in-hospital mortality, and morbidities. In 2020, 1,683,785 COVID-19 inpatients (mean age 63.8 years, 32.2% females) were studied. Intracardiac thrombosis occurred in 0.10% (1830) of cases. In-hospital outcomes included 13.2% all-cause mortality, 3.5% cardiovascular mortality, 2.6% cardiac arrest, 4.4% acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 16.1% heart failure, 1.3% stroke, and 28.3% acute kidney injury (AKI). Key factors for intracardiac thrombosis were congestive heart failure history and coagulopathy. Intracardiac thrombosis independently linked to higher risks of all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 3.32 (2.42–4.54)), cardiovascular mortality (OR: 2.95 (1.96–4.44)), cardiac arrest (OR: 2.04 (1.22–3.43)), ACS (OR: 1.62 (1.17–2.22)), stroke (OR: 3.10 (2.11–4.56)), and AKI (OR: 2.13 (1.68–2.69)), but not heart failure. While rare, intracardiac thrombosis in COVID-19 patients independently raised in-hospital mortality and morbidity risks.
Risk Factors for Invasive Interventions in Hospitalized Children With Suppurative Cervical Lymphadenitis
Authors: Oz Alcalay Lital , Fanous Eliana , Goldberg Lotem , Livni Gilat , Pasternak Yehonatan
Published: January 2024

Suppurative cervical lymphadenitis sometimes resolves with oral antibiotic treatment; however, many children are hospitalized for intravenous treatment due to lack of improvement. When there is no substantial improvement, the possibility of a liquefaction process is considered, and as a result, source control such as needle aspiration or open surgical drainage is recommended. We examined, among pediatric patients hospitalized with suppurative cervical lymphadenitis, clinical and laboratory predictors for invasive intervention that may lead to early imaging and intervention, hasten recovery, and shorten length of hospitalization. We compared laboratory and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with suppurative cervical lymphadenitis during 2010-2017, according to 3 treatments: needle aspiration (N = 54), open surgical drainage (N = 37), and conservative adequate antibiotic treatment only (N = 292). Physical indicators such as local erythema and fluctuation were found as predictors for invasive interventions in hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with suppurative cervical lymphadenitis. No significant associations were found between invasive interventions and laboratory parameters assessed in this study. Children who underwent interventions displayed a prolonged average length of hospitalization and received extended antibiotic treatment prior to hospital admission. In hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with suppurative cervical lymphadenitis, physical examination findings are the main predictive factors for invasive interventions. Consequently, when such straightforward clinical findings are observed in the context of insufficient improvement during antibiotic treatment, they should prompt consideration of invasive intervention.
Transfer Student Receptivity in Patriarchal STEM Contexts: Evidence of Gendered Transfer Student Stigma in Computer Science From a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Blaney Jennifer M. , Hernandez Theresa E. , Feldon David F. , Wofford Annie M.
Published: January 2024

Research Questions: While community college transfer (i.e., upward transfer) represents an important mechanism for advancing equity across STEM fields, existing studies of gender and women’s participation within computer science have largely excluded the perspectives of upward transfer students. We address this gap in the literature by exploring transfer receptivity and gender discrimination within computer science, guided by the following questions: (1) How do upward transfer computer science students report their receptivity experiences, and how might this differ by gender? (2) How do upward transfer computer science students make meaning of receptivity experiences, and how might that meaning making be shaped by gender? Methods: We use a sequential mixed methods design, relying on longitudinal survey and interview data from upward transfer computer science majors, collected throughout students’ first year at the receiving university. Results: Findings reveal that, relative to men, upward transfer women report greater experiences of transfer stigma and challenges accessing resources at the receiving university. Qualitative findings document additional nuances in how upward transfer students—especially women—describe resilience as they navigate the university campus, encounter navigation challenges at the university, and make meaning of various manifestations of transfer stigma on campus. Contributions: In addition to implications for research and theory, we discuss what universities can do to foster a more receptive environment for upward transfer women. Specific recommendations focus on ensuring that spaces for women in computing are inclusive of transfer students and, likewise, creating supportive transfer cohort communities that are inclusive of women.
The Role of Audit Committee Interlocks in the Dissemination and Contagion of Accrual-Based and Real Earnings Management
Authors: Dharwadkar Ravi , Harris David , Shi Linna , Zhou Nan
Published: January 2024

We examine the effect of audit committee interlocks on the dissemination and contagion of accrual-based earnings management (AEM) and real earnings management (REM) for the pre- and post-SOX periods. We use “dissemination” to denote information association and “contagion” to designate causal information transmission. We first document that interlocked firms exhibit AEM dissemination (but not REM dissemination) for the pre-SOX period and REM dissemination (but not AEM dissemination) for the post-SOX period. To alleviate the concern that our results might be driven purely by the enactment of SOX, we perform a placebo-controlled falsification test, which shows that neither AEM nor REM dissemination exists in the absence of audit committee interlocks. To address the endogeneity concern that two similar firms with parallel accounting practices appoint the same director, we use an interlock initiation analysis and establish an AEM contagion effect for the pre-SOX period but no REM contagion effect for the post-SOX period. We also construct an AEM-REM substitution index. When information-sending firms substitute REM for AEM, information-receiving firms similarly switch. Collectively, while ease of detection and an increased level of scrutiny are listed as reasons for the shift from AEM to REM after the enactment of SOX, we contribute to the literature by showing that audit committee interlocks could be a viable mechanism in converting these motivations into actions and are a plausible factor in facilitating this transition from AEM to REM.
Dissecting the record life cycle: A new Frontier in anti-corruption investigation strategies
Authors: Lawan Aliyu Abubakar , Henttonen Pekka
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the connection between the distinct phases of the record life cycle and anti-corruption investigations. Its primary objective is to identify how the activities involved in each stage of the record life cycle impact anti-corruption investigative work. A qualitative, exploratory case study methodology involved interviews with 15 anti-corruption investigators in Nigeria in 2020. The collected data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study explicates how various phases of evidence development can assist in anti-corruption efforts while also revealing the potential dangers that could unintentionally facilitate the misconduct they seek to prevent. In Nigeria, the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) relies entirely on records generated and maintained by Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) to execute its responsibilities. These records can serve as evidence at any point in their existence. As a result, the recordkeeping procedures of MDAs are crucial for generating records that satisfy the accountability criteria for anti-corruption investigations. Since corruption frequently involves tampering with records, and an unsatisfactory recordkeeping environment can foster corrupt behaviours in MDAs, a deeper understanding of the record life cycle is necessary for investigators to pinpoint the specific stage where misconduct arises and take corrective action. This anti-corruption investigation strategy that employs the record life cycle introduces a novel preventive approach that enables accountability forums to scrutinize MDAs’ recordkeeping procedures and identify and close loopholes that promote corruption.
The anterior saphenous vein. Part 1. A position statement endorsed by the American Vein and Lymphatic Society, the American Venous Forum, and the International Union of Phlebology
Authors: Meissner Mark , Boyle Edward M , Labropoulos Nicos , Caggiati Alberto , Drgastin Rachel , Doganci Suat , Gasparis Antonios
Published: January 2024

Background

There is a lack of clarity regarding the terminology of the anterior accessory saphenous vein (AASV) that can impact treatment outcomes. Although use of the word “accessory” implies that the vein is a superficial tributary, evidence supports its role as a truncal vein, similar to the great and small saphenous veins, and warranting a change in terminology.

Methods

A multisocietal panel was convened by the American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), the Union International of Phlebology (UIP), and the American Venous Forum (AVF). The group was charged with reviewing the existing anatomic and clinical literature pertaining to the term “anterior accessory saphenous vein” and to consider the need for alternative terminology.

Conclusion

Based on the insights gathered from the literature review and extensive discussions, the panel recommends changing the terminology such that the “anterior accessory saphenous vein” (AASV) now be designated the anterior saphenous vein (ASV).
Exploration of Factors That Influence Willingness to Consider Pooled Rideshare
Authors: Su Haotian , Gangadharaiah Rakesh , Rosopa Elenah B. , Brooks Johnell O. , Boor Lisa , Kolodge Kristin , Rosopa Patrick J. , Jia Yunyi
Published: January 2024

Ridesharing has become an increasingly prevalent form of transportation. Although transportation network companies such as Uber and Lyft initially started as a personal rideshare service where individuals ride alone or with people they know, rideshare services have been expanded to pooled rideshare—a dynamic rideshare system where an individual rides with passengers they do not know. Despite the growth in rideshare services worldwide, the use of pooled rideshare in the U.S.A. is relatively low compared to other forms of transportation. A national U.S. survey ( N = 5385) was conducted to investigate reasons why individuals are willing or unwilling to consider pooled rideshare. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, where the exploratory factor analysis suggests five factors, specifically, service experience, time/cost, traffic/environment, privacy, and safety. Model fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis verified that these five factors can represent the factors behind riders’ willingness to consider pooled rideshare. Furthermore, a binomial logistic regression was conducted to explore how the five factors influence riders’ willingness to consider pooled rideshare. The three factors that influence riders’ willingness to consider pooled rideshare were service experience ( B = 1.05), traffic/environment ( B = .38), and time/cost ( B = .26), while a lack of privacy ( B = −1.46) can be a deterrent for pooled rideshare. Safety is important for those who are both willing and unwilling to consider the use of pooled rideshare. Understanding these factors is important for the future of pooled rideshare services in the U.S.A.
Feasibility of Modernizing the Acceptable International Roughness Index Value
Authors: Yoon Yoojung , Hassan Shirin
Published: January 2024

The U.S. National Highway System has set a standard for acceptable pavement roughness, measured by the international roughness index (IRI) at less than 2.68 m/km (170 in./mi). This value corresponds to a present serviceability rating (PSR) of 2.5, where half of the highway drivers perceive the pavement ride quality as unacceptable with a repair need. For over 3 decades, public transportation agencies in the U.S. have used this IRI value to determine when pavement surface rehabilitation is needed. However, with advancements in vehicle suspension systems improving ride quality, the current acceptable IRI value corresponding to 2.5 PSR has been questioned. To our knowledge, studies in the literature have yet to explore this issue. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of modernizing the acceptable IRI value through nationwide, large-scale field testing, which is typically expensive and time-consuming. The IRI-present serviceability index (PSI) equation that is capable of converting the acceptable IRI value into the estimated 2.5 PSR (i.e., the PSI) was selected and calibrated by applying test quarter-car parameters synthesized through a literature review. Then, the calibrated IRI-PSI equation was used to find a new acceptable IRI value that was evaluated for the statistical significance and the financial benefits of the new value. The evaluation results suggest a need for a nationwide field test to modernize the current acceptable IRI value. Public transportation agencies can easily adapt the technical approach we used to calibrate the IRI-PSI equation without altering their current IRI measurement systems.
Changes in Media Reporting Quality and Suicides Following National Media Engagement on Responsible Reporting of Suicide in Canada: Changements de la Qualité des reportages dans les médias sur les suicides suite à l’engagement des médias nationaux à la déclaration responsable du suicide au Canada
Authors: Sinyor Mark , Ekstein Daniella , Prabaharan Nivetha , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Vandermeer Caroline , Schaffer Ayal , Pirkis Jane , Heisel Marnin J. , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Redelmeier Donald A. , Taylor Paul , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas
Published: January 2024

Objective

Responsible media reporting is an accepted strategy for preventing suicide. In 2015, suicide prevention experts launched a media engagement initiative aimed at improving suicide-related reporting in Canada; its impact on media reporting quality and suicide deaths is unknown.

Method

This pre–post observational study examined changes in reporting characteristics in a random sample of suicide-related articles from major publications in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) media market. Articles ( n = 900) included 450 from the 6-year periods prior to and after the initiative began. We also examined changes in suicide counts in the GTA between these epochs. We used chi-square tests to analyse changes in reporting characteristics and time-series analyses to identify changes in suicide counts. Secondary outcomes focused on guidelines developed by media professionals in Canada and how they may have influenced media reporting quality as well as on the overarching narrative of media articles during the most recent years of available data.

Results

Across-the-board improvement was observed in suicide-related reporting with substantial reductions in many elements of putatively harmful content and substantial increases in all aspects of putatively protective content. However, overarching article narratives remained potentially harmful with 55.2% of articles telling the story of someone's death and 20.8% presenting an other negative message. Only 3.6% of articles told a story of survival. After controlling for potential confounders, a nonsignificant numeric decrease in suicide counts was identified after initiative implementation (ω = −5.41, SE  =  3.43, t  =  1.58, p  =  0.12).

Conclusions

We found evidence that a strategy to engage media in Canada changed the content of reporting, but there was only a nonsignificant trend towards fewer suicides. A more fundamental change in media narratives to focus on survival rather than death appears warranted.
Implementing the Patient Driven Payment Model—Perspectives from Skilled Nursing Facility Administrators
Authors: Liu Zhanqin , Meehan Amy , Brazier Joan F. , Shield Renee , Gadbois Emily A.
Published: January 2024

Objective: To explore skilled nursing facility (SNF) administrator retrospective perspectives on their preparation for and initial implementation of the Patient Driven Payment Model (PDPM), the new Medicare payment system for SNFs enacted on October 1, 2019. Methods: 156 interviews at 40 SNFs in eight U.S. markets were conducted and qualitatively analyzed. Results: Administrators retrospectively expressed feeling well-prepared for the PDPM implementation. Advance preparation focused on training staff regarding patient assessment and documentation. Administrators also recognized increased incentives for admitting patients with more complex needs and prepared accordingly. Therapy staffing reductions were concentrated in contract employees, while SNF-employed therapists were less affected. Conclusion: Policy makers and industry experts should consider the long-term impact of changing financial incentives through payment reform, and ensure that reimbursement best reflects the cost of providing services while prioritizing high-quality care. PDPM’s effect on care quality and access to care should continue to be monitored.
Assessing potential human health and ecological implications of PFAS from leave-in dental products
Authors: Massarsky Andrey , Parker Jillian A , Gloekler Lauren , Donnell Melinda T , Binczewski Natalie R , Kozal Jordan S , McKnight Taryn , Patterson Andrew , Kreider Marisa L
Published: January 2024

Contaminated water and food are the main sources of documented per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in humans. However, other sources may contribute to the overall PFAS intake. While several studies documented the presence of PFAS in consumer products, PFAS evaluation in dental products has been limited to floss and tape to date. This study estimated PFAS exposures from a convenience sample of leave-in dental products (night guards and whitening trays), which remain in contact with the mouth for longer durations than previously evaluated dental products. This analysis evaluated whether consumer usage of these dental products meaningfully contributes to oral exposure of PFAS. Leaching of PFAS upon disposal of products was also considered. Out of 24 PFAS measured, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA; 3.24–4.17 ng/product or 0.67–0.83 ng/g) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS; 7.25–16.45 ng/product or 1.2–2.3 ng/g) were detected in night guards, and no PFAS were detected in whitening trays. Non-targeted analysis showed additional possible PFAS, which could not be characterized. The findings showed that PFOS and/or PFBA present in night guards were unlikely to pose a health concern. From an ecological perspective, the dental products examined were shown to constitute a negligible contribution to environmental PFAS. In conclusion, the examined dental products do not represent a significant source of exposure to PFAS for humans or the environment. The study demonstrates how risk assessment can be integrated by the industry into product stewardship programs to evaluate the potential health and environmental impacts of chemicals in consumer products.
High Respiratory and Cardiac Drive Exacerbate Secondary Lung Injury in Patients With Critical Illness
Authors: Gong Shiyi , Lian Hui , Ding Xin , Wang Xiaoting ,   on behalf of the Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group (CCUSG)
Published: January 2024

The high respiratory and cardiac drive is essential to the host-organ unregulated response. When a primary disease and an unregulated secondary response are uncontrolled, the patient may present in a high respiratory and cardiac drive state. High respiratory drive can cause damage to the lungs, pulmonary circulation, and diaphragm, while high cardiac drive can lead to fluid leakage and infiltration as well as pulmonary interstitial edema. A “respiratory and cardiac dual high drive” state may be a sign of an unregulated response and can lead to secondary lung injury through the increase of transvascular pressure and pulmonary microcirculation injury. Ultrasound examination of the lung, heart, and diaphragm is important when evaluating the phenotype of high respiratory drive in critically ill patients. Ultrasound assessment can guide sedation, analgesia, and antistress treatment and reduce the risk of high respiratory and cardiac drive-induced lung injury in these patients.
Early Autocalibrated Arterial Waveform Analysis for the Management of Burn Shock—A Cohort Study
Authors: Kruse Marianne , Liesenborghs Konrad Ernst , Josuttis David , Plettig Philip , Guembel Denis , Lenz Ida Katinka , Guethoff Claas , Gebhardt Volker , Schmittner Marc Dominik
Published: January 2024

Adequate fluid therapy is crucial for resuscitation after major burns. To adapt this to individual patient demands, standard is adjustment of volume to laboratory parameters and values of enhanced hemodynamic monitoring. To implement calibrated parameters, patients must have reached the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was, to evaluate the use of an auto-calibrated enhanced hemodynamic monitoring device to improve fluid management before admission to ICU. We used PulsioflexProAqt® (Getinge) during initial treatment and burn shock resuscitation. Analysis was performed regarding time of measurement, volume management, organ dysfunction, and mortality. We conducted a monocentre, prospective cohort study of 20 severely burned patients, >20% total body surface area (TBSA), receiving monitoring immediately after admission. We compared to 57 patients, matched in terms of TBSA, age, sex, and existence of inhalation injury out of a retrospective control group, who received standard care. Hemodynamic measurement with autocalibrated monitoring started significantly earlier: 3.75(2.67-6.0) hours (h) after trauma in the study group versus 13.6(8.1-17.5) h in the control group ( P < .001). Study group received less fluid after 6 h: 1.7(1.2-2.2) versus 2.3(1.6-2.8) ml/TBSA%/kg, P = .043 and 12 h: 3.0(2.5-4.0) versus 4.2(3.1-5.0) ml/TBSA%/kg, P = .047. Dosage of norepinephrine was higher after 18 h in the study group: 0.20(0.12-0.3) versus 0.08(0.02-0.18) µg/kg/min, P = .014. The study group showed no adult respiratory distress syndrome versus 21% in the control group, P = .031. There was no difference in other organ failures, organ replacement therapy, and mortality. The use of auto-calibrated enhanced hemodynamic monitoring is a fast and feasible way to guide early fluid therapy after burn trauma. It reduces the time to reach information about patient’s volume capacity. Management of fluid application changed to a more restrictive fluid use in the early period of burn shock and led to a reduction of pulmonary complications.
A Dialogue with Grassroots Romani Women Leaders in Spain About Their Views on Roma Feminism
Authors: Aiello-Cabrera Emilia , Khalfaoui Andrea , Munté-Pascual Ariadna , Sordé-Martí Teresa
Published: January 2024

Scientific debates surrounding feminism in the 21st century increasingly call for mainstream feminism to include the voices of non-white women, as well as looking also at the work and expressions of feminism taking place in the Global South. While progress has been made in the United States in acknowledging the work and demands of non-white feminism, Europe lags behind in recognizing and amplifying the feminist contributions and demands of its largest non-migrant ethnic minority, the Roma. This article presents findings from qualitative fieldwork conducted with 23 Romani women and young adults organized in civic organizations across Spain, exploring how they understand and experience feminism. Despite working towards gender equality among Romani men and women, as well as equality between Romani and nonRomani women, many do not identify with dominant representations of feminism. Our results highlight three key elements of what these women would claim as Romani feminism: the role of men as allies, claiming freedom as women as a central aspect of Roma cultural identity, and advocating for a feminism that promotes and safeguards the idea of equality of differences.