bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Team-Based Project Integrated E-books in Improving Student Self-Directed Learning and Creativity
Authors: Ratnawati Nurul , Purnomo Agus , Wahyuningtyas Neni , Bashofi Ferdinan , Dawi Abdul Hadi bin Mat
Published: December 2023

Student self-directed learning and creativity are needed to support the hybrid learning currently being implemented in higher education. This research aims to develop an integrated team-based project e-book to increase students’ self-directed learning and creativity. Products are designed according to the stages of the ADDIE model. The product is then tested for feasibility by material experts and evaluated by users. The results of the feasibility test conducted by experts show that the e-book is highly feasible for use. Meanwhile, user testing is conducted through pre- and post-tests. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted with several students to enhance the depth of the obtained data. The results of user trials were analyzed using inferential statistical data analysis methods, specifically the paired sample t-test. The results of the analysis show that e-books can improve learning outcomes, students’ selfdirected learning abilities, and student creativity in cultural anthropology courses. Therefore, the results of this research can be used with students to improve learning outcomes, creativity, and students’ self-directed learning abilities among students with similar characteristics.
IoT-Based Automatic Hydro-Organic Smart Farming System in Greenhouse with Solar Panels for Khok Nong Na
Authors: Soodtoetong Nantinee , Channgam Surachet , Gedkhaw Eakbodin
Published: December 2023

In this research, we propose IoT-Based Automatic Hydro-Organic Smart Farming System (AHOSFS) in Greenhouse with Solar Panels for Khok Nong Na, design and development with Internet of Things and solar energy. Data is collected from sensors for the following factors that affect plant growth: humidity, temperature, light, pH, EC, air quality, water temperature, and water level. The Firebase cloud-based application was used to collect all the data, and it enables farmers to monitor and control the system using their smartphones. The results showed AHOSFS can mix water and nutrient solution, which measure pH of 6.61 and EC of 1.23, control water level and mix nutrient solution in appropriate quantities. Green oak can thrive at pH levels between 6.0 and 7.0, EC levels between 1.1 and 1.7, and humidity level between 75 and 85. The sensor measured temperature value between 18 and 25 °C, which was adequate for the growth of green oak. Sensor also measured water temperature between 25 and 28 °C. The comparative value of cultivation in a hydro-organic system deployed between AB solution, organic fertilizer Formula 1 and Formula 2 found that organic fertilizer formula 1 has an effective and approximate AB solution at 81.64%. The fertilizer formula 2 has AB solution at 89.72%, which was more secure at a comparable level.
Exploring the Dynamics of PBL-Based Learning
Authors: Das Soumitra , Nandgaonkar Vikas , Eklarker Ravindra , Balkhande Balasaheb Wamanrao , Pande Sandeep Dwarkanath
Published: December 2023

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional approach where students solve real-world problems in collaboration. PBL effectiveness is assessed through parameters like time spent, collaboration, reflection, problem relevance, complexity, motivation, understanding, and application. The authors conducted a study analyzing these parameters in PBL-based learning. Using mixed-methods (surveys, interviews, and assessments), they collected data from undergraduates in a PBL course. Results show PBL enhances problem-solving, teamwork, critical thinking, and engagement. The findings have implications for future PBL research and practice.
Designing Effective Online Education
Authors: Jain Sameer
Published: December 2023

Online education by design refers to the intentional planning and creation of educational experiences that are specifically designed for online delivery. This approach involves integrating pedagogy, technology, and content to create a quality learning experience for students. Achieving effective online education by design involves careful planning, effective communication, and the use of appropriate technology and instructional strategies. This chapter provides key steps and considerations for achieving the best online teaching and learning practice.
An Outcome-Based Learning Framework for Promoting Critical Thinking in Undergraduate Engineering Students
Authors: Kalita Ananya , Singh Pranveer , Saikia Ankur Pan
Published: December 2023

Promoting critical thinking in undergraduate engineering education is vital. This chapter presents an outcome-based learning framework for fostering critical thinking. Theoretical foundations, studies, challenges, and a comprehensive framework are discussed. Elements include curriculum design, instructional strategies, assessment methods, integration, and feedback. Contributions encompass student outcomes, industry relevance, innovation, adaptability, improvement, and sharing best practices. Evaluation and future directions are explored. Valuable resource for developing critical thinking skills in engineering education.
Prediction of Melt Pool Dimension, Porosity Generation and Thermal Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V during Powder Bed Fusion at Various Scan Speeds and Laser Powers
Authors: Hassine Nada , Chatti Sami , Ben Slama Mouna , Kolsi Lioua
Published: December 2023

The additive manufacturing technology called laser powder bed fusion enables to manufacture complex parts based on the fusion of a metallic powder layer by layer. In laser powder bed fusion, the produced component quality relies significantly on the parameters of the process. In this study, the powder titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is employed for the purpose of predicting the melt pool dimensions. To manufacture a single bead, several combinations of scan speed and laser power are used. This research studies the influence of the scan speed and the laser power on the melt pool dimensions and on the thermal history of a specified layer of powder. The results reveal that the geometry of the melt pool is considerably responsive to the scan speed and the laser power. Furthermore, unfavorable effects such as porosity defects are analyzed in detail. Suggestions are presented to employ optimal settings to prevent these undesirable outcomes. To validate the numerical results, a comparison with experimental results from the literature is carried out. Our numerical analysis proves a satisfactory correlation with the experimental investigations. The beam power and the scanning speed effects on the average temperature of the desired layers are discussed as well.
Thermoelectric Properties of Annealed Bilayer SnSe/PbTe and SnSe/PbSe Thin Films by Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Tamilarasi R. , Joelin C. , Magesh R. , Solomon A. Brusly , Suryakanth J. , Rajesh S.
Published: December 2023

Tin Selenide, Lead Selenide, and Lead Telluride are known best thermoelectric materials for mid and high-temperature electric generation applications. The bilayer of these materials could enhance the quality of a thermoelectric generation. The present work deals with bilayer deposition of SnSe/PbTe and SnSe/PbSe in glass substrates using physical vapor deposition followed by annealing at 323K, 423K, and 523K. The structure and morphology of the films have been investigated by XRD, SEM, and FESEM studies. The thermoelectric pursuance of both bilayer thin films was studied with the temperature as a function in the range of 300K to 623K. Both films exhibit the maximum Seebeck coefficient. The electrical Conductivity and Power factor increased gradually for SnSe/PbTe thin films and SnSe/PbSe thin films for the samples annealed up to 573K and then decreases. The electronic thermal conductivity of both films was very low compared to the total thermal conductivity. The absolute thermal conductivity at room temperature was calculated by Transient Hot Wire (THW) method. The maximum Figure of Merit (ZT) value obtained for SnSe/PbTe and SnSe/PbSe at room temperature was 0.81 and 1.3 for 573K annealed thin films respectively.
Ideology in Critical Discourse Study: A Review of Literature
Authors: Yang Yang
Published: December 2023

Ideology is one of the most crucial concepts in Critical Discourse Study (CDS). This article systematically reviews relevant literature to the definition of ideology, research models of ideology, and language-based ideology studies from the perspective of CDS. It also provides implications for further research in this field, with the aim of promoting the development of CDS as well as ideology study. It can be found that in the field of CDS, ideology has the characteristics of universality and neutrality. It does not have derogatory meanings or specificity, but rather a characteristic that any language user inevitably carries in language use. At present, there are mainly five models for ideological analysis from the perspective of CDS, namely Fairclough’s Three-Dimension Framework, Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach, van Dijk’s Socio-cognitive Model, Chilton’s Cognitive Critical Analysis Model and Thompson’s Methodological Framework of Depth Hermeneutics. Ideology is often subtly hidden in discourse in specific language forms, requiring readers to consciously decode them, and the decoding process can also be seen as the process of ideological reproduction. Lexical and syntactic choices, transitivity, and modality in language use can be effectively used for ideological analysis. All in all, ideology is a very important research topic in critical discourse study, and future studies can adopt interdisciplinary research methods to further improve its theoretical and applied studies.
Unravelling the Threads of Customer Loyalty: Motives Shaping Supermarket Patronage in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunaratna A. C.
Published: December 2023

Over the past couple of decades, profound changes in the business context in Sri Lanka, including the presence of global brands, emergence of new retail business formats, dominance of the service sector, application of direct marketing, industry convergence, and deregulation, have significantly shaped customer behavior. Accordingly, the supermarket concept has sparked renewed interest among shoppers in the contemporary retailing context in Sri Lanka. This note mainly focuses on comprehending the behaviour of supermarket shoppers and evaluating the motives behind their level of loyalty in the context of supermarket patronage in Sri Lanka. Recent study findings reveal that three major factors, namely ‘product motive’, ‘services motive’ and ‘location motive’ have significantly contributed to enhancing supermarket patronage in the context of grocery shopping in Sri Lanka.
Analysis of Earnings Management: Using Ownership Structure and Audit Quality Among Banking Industries in Indonesia
Authors: Susbiyani A. , Fauzan D. T. , Aspirandi R. M.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This research aims to examine the impact of ownership structure consisting of managerial ownership, institutional ownership and audit quality which is proxied using size of public accountant firms on earnings management using three control variables, namely company size, leverage and market value.Design/Methodology/Approach: The population used in this research is banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. The data used in this research is secondary data and the sampling technique selection used is purposive sampling. There were 35 companies in the sample with a total of 105 data points at the beginning, after the outlier elimination process the final data amounted to 87 data points. The analytical method used to test the hypothesis in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis.Findings: The results of this research show that managerial ownership and audit quality have a significant negative effect on earnings management, while institutional ownership has a significant positive effect on earnings management.Originality: This study uses a sample of banking companies in Indonesia. Control variables were added by researchers when testing the influence of research variables. Agency theory is used to explain the relationship between managerial ownership, institutional ownership and audit quality with earnings management.
An association between Landsteiner-Rhesus typing of blood and cheiloscopy among female students in Bengaluru Rural: Forensic Medicine perspective
Authors: Sardar Adish
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the term used for the study and analysis of lip impressions. In the field of forensics, identification is of utmost importance.Objective: To study the relationship between lip prints and blood groups in female students in rural Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Materials: Lip prints and blood groups were obtained and recorded using cotton swabs, lipstick, antisera for slide agglutination test, slides, lancelets, sanitizer, and hand towels.Methods: 189 students from the MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital participated after giving informed written consent. By applying cello tape to lips that had been painted with lipstick and then affixing the tape to the proforma sheet, the lip prints were collected. Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification was used to categorize the same. The slide agglutination method was used to determine the blood group. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test. P value of 0.05 was considered of statistical significance.Results: Type II or branching type was the most common lip print in our study. Most individuals (181 out of 189 participants) belonged to the Rh-positive blood group. The study participants with blood type O were the most commonly seen. Association between type II lip print and blood group O were found to be the most common.Conclusions: This research shows the relationship between cheiloscopy and blood groups. These are frequently discovered evidence at a scene of the crime and are crucial for identification.
Exploring maternal perspectives on addressing domestic violence in pregnant adolescents
Authors: Purbaningsih Ezyla
Published: December 2023

Adolescent pregnancy has been on the rise in developing countries, primarily attributed to economic challenges, particularly in Africa and South Asia. West Java Province stands out as one of the leading regions with a high incidence of adolescent pregnancies. Young couples often struggle to adapt to early marriage, resulting in domestic violence and adverse health consequences. Notably, domestic violence is prevalent among young married couples, with Bogor reporting a significant incidence among pregnant adolescents. Mothers play a crucial role in providing protection and resolving domestic issues. This study aimed to investigate mothers' perspectives on domestic violence towards adolescents and their problem-solving strategies. The study employed qualitative methods with a descriptive interpretation approach. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven mothers whose daughters had experienced domestic violence by their husbands during pregnancy, having given birth and entered marriage. Thematic content analysis was employed for data analysis. The central finding is that economic challenges serve as the primary catalyst for domestic violence, manifesting through harsh language and physical abuse, leading to potential harm to the child and miscarriage. Pregnant adolescents often experience psychological distress, exhibiting symptoms such as daydreaming, sadness, crying, and weight loss. Mothers express concern about the domestic violence their daughters endure during pregnancy, attributing it to economic issues. To address the problem, mothers employ various strategies, including seeking advice, providing emotional support, involving health services, mediating, communicating, and reporting incidents to relevant authorities. Maternity nurses should proactively offer information about the risks associated with adolescent pregnancies and early marriage. The government must actively communicate the significance of the risk of early pregnancy, particularly concerning violence, to teenagers.
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: December 2023

No abstract available.
Unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats with α-synucleinopathy
Authors: Gatica-Garcia Bismark , Bannon Michael J. , Martínez-Dávila Irma Alicia , Soto-Rojas Luis O. , Reyes-Corona David , Escobedo Lourdes , Maldonado-Berny Minerva , Gutierrez-Castillo ME , Espadas-Alvarez Armando J. , Fernandez-Parrilla Manuel A. , Mascotte-Cruz Juan U. , Rodríguez-Oviedo CP , Valenzuela-Arzeta Irais E. , Luna-Herrera Claudia , Lopez-Salas Francisco E. , Santoyo-Salazar Jaime , Martinez-Fong Daniel
Published: December 2023

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00039/figure1/v/2024-01-30T062302Z/r/image-tiff

Parkinsonism by unilateral, intranigral β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that the α-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time, thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson's disease, a typical α-synucleinopathy. As Nurr1 represses α-synuclein, we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateral β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 post-transfection. This study found that rNurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein (the negative control) reduced β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside-induced neuropathology. Accordingly, a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the striatum. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence marker β-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton marker βIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. A significant decrease in activated microglia (positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) and neurotoxic astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3) and increased neurotrophic astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10) also occurred in the substantia nigra. These effects followed the bilateral reduction in α-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system, improving sensorimotor behavior. Our results show that unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration (senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells), neuroinflammation (activated microglia, neurotoxic astrocytes), α-synuclein aggregation, and sensorimotor deficits. Increased neurotrophic astrocytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can mediate the rNurr1-V5 effect, supporting its potential clinical use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Unraveling the gut-brain axis: the impact of steroid hormones and nutrition on Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Neufeld Paula Maria , Nettersheim Ralf A. , Matschke Veronika , Vorgerd Matthias , Stahlke Sarah , Theiss Carsten
Published: December 2023

This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutrition, the gut microbiome, steroid hormones, and Parkinson’s disease within the context of the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease, encompassing diverse components such as the gut microbiota, immune system, metabolism, and neural pathways. The gut microbiome, profoundly influenced by dietary factors, emerges as a key player. Nutrition during the first 1000 days of life shapes the gut microbiota composition, influencing immune responses and impacting both child development and adult health. High-fat, high-sugar diets can disrupt this delicate balance, contributing to inflammation and immune dysfunction. Exploring nutritional strategies, the Mediterranean diet’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties show promise in reducing Parkinson’s disease risk. Microbiome-targeted dietary approaches and the ketogenic diet hold the potential in improving brain disorders. Beyond nutrition, emerging research uncovers potential interactions between steroid hormones, nutrition, and Parkinson’s disease. Progesterone, with its anti-inflammatory properties and presence in the nervous system, offers a novel option for Parkinson’s disease therapy. Its ability to enhance neuroprotection within the enteric nervous system presents exciting prospects. The review addresses the hypothesis that α-synuclein aggregates originate from the gut and may enter the brain via the vagus nerve. Gastrointestinal symptoms preceding motor symptoms support this hypothesis. Dysfunctional gut-brain signaling during gut dysbiosis contributes to inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances, emphasizing the potential of microbiota-based interventions. In summary, this review uncovers the complex web of interactions between nutrition, the gut microbiome, steroid hormones, and Parkinson’s disease within the gut-brain axis framework. Understanding these connections not only offers novel therapeutic insights but also illuminates the origins of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.
Liver as a new target organ in Alzheimer’s disease: insight from cholesterol metabolism and its role in amyloid-beta clearance
Authors: Wu Beibei , Liu Yuqing , Li Hongli , Zhu Lemei , Zeng Lingfeng , Zhang Zhen , Peng Weijun
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease, the primary cause of dementia, is characterized by neuropathologies, such as amyloid plaques, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangles. Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Notably, impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer’s disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer’s disease.
The Spectrum of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group Systems in a Blood Center in Southern Karnataka
Authors: Budha Rashmi , Simeon Brilsee , Belagatti Satish , Singh Akriti
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Hereditary characteristics, such as ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens, are helpful for population genetic studies, for settling medicolegal disputes, and most vitally immunologic safety of blood during transfusion. Having firm knowledge of blood grouping is essential for managing the collection of blood banks. It can lower the likelihood of morbidity and mortality brought on by lack of blood in specific areas. The objective of our study was to screen and determine the frequencies of the occurrence of ABO and Rh blood groups among residents from both the urban and rural populations of the South Karnataka region.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study. The study was conducted in a blood center and included all the donors from January 17 to December 22. Hemoglobin estimation was estimated by copper sulfate method and ERMA INC-PCE-210 3-Part analyzer. After blood bank validation, Tulip Diagnostics Limited standard anti-sera of anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D were used to conduct antigen–antibody slide agglutination test to determine the ABO grouping and Rh typing following blood donation. Simple percentages were used to report data on the ABO and Rh blood group distribution patterns.

Results:

Out of 19497 donors, predominant age group was 25–29 years (29.46%). The male:female ratio was 108:1. Voluntary donors (91.03%) were more than replacement donors, with predominant donors being Rh positive. Maximum donors had the blood group O (42.5%), followed by B > A > AB. There were also four Bombay blood group donors in our study.

Conclusion:

Good knowledge and understanding of blood grouping have an imperative involvement in the management of blood bank inventory. It can help to minimize the morbidity and mortality rate due to lack of blood in a particular geographical area.
A Study to Correlate Stress Score with Heart Rate Variability among MBBS Students at a Tertiary Care Center, Jaipur
Authors: Saboo Neha , Kacker Sudhanshu , Sorout Jitender
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Medical students have high levels of stress that could be due to stressors related to the academic workload, time pressure competency, professionalism, physical, mental, and emotional issues. This study aimed to find out subjective assessment of stress, stressors, and coping strategies and objective assessment of stress with heart rate variability (HRV) and correlate subjective and objective assessment of stress scores among 1st year MBBS students at RUHS College of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:

Institutional ethical clearance (EC-P-21/RUHS) was obtained after that study was conducted among a total of 150 1st year MBBS students. The students were asked to fill out a validated general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), “medical student stress questionnaire 40,” and a brief COPE inventory to assess stress, stressors, and various coping strategies for subjective assessment and objective assessment done by time and frequency domain parameters of HRV.

Results:

The mean age was 20.85 ± 1.56. The severity of stress categorized as mild, moderate, high, and severe were 17%, 40%, 13%, and 10%, respectively. The most affected stressor was academic contributed to 80% followed by teaching–learning related, social, intra- and interpersonal, group activities, drive, and desire-related stressors 78%, 75%, 73%, 70%, and 68%, respectively. Overall, the students’ coping strategies were mostly avoidant followed by emotional and problem based. HRV is measured by time domain, i.e., PNN50, standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals, root mean square of successive differences, and “frequency domain parameters,” i.e., low frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio.

Conclusion:

In the present study, a positive correlation was observed between HRV and stress score. More than 75% of RUHSCMS 1st year medical students were suffering from measurable academic stress. Time domain and frequency domain parameters were positively correlated with stress score.
Team-based Learning Impact: A Comparative Study of Student and Faculty Facilitators
Authors: Iida Risa , Tanaka Mai , Torigoe Minami , Inaba Sakiko , Wakana Noriaki , Homma Kazuhiro , Fukuyama Naoto
Published: December 2023

Background:

Team-based learning (TBL) refers to the application of an active-learning method that has gained popularity across all health-care disciplines. This study aimed to assess nutrition students’ perceptions of the roles of student versus faculty facilitators.

Methods:

Participants in the study included, 117 2nd-year nutrition students registered in the “Introduction to Medicine” course in the 2022 academic year at a Japanese university. The first TBL session was faculty-led, whereas three students served as facilitators in the second. Upon completion of the course, learners and student facilitators completed a questionnaire on the student-led TBL. Responses to close-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and those to open-ended questions were categorized into common themes.

Results:

A total of 114 learners and 3 student facilitators responded to the questions. Learners found student-led TBL to be just as or more effective than faculty-led TBL in three respects: comprehension (93.0%), active participation (96.5%), and expectation of academic performance improvement (93.9%). According to student facilitators, it improved their knowledge, confidence, communication skills, and leadership abilities. Learners and facilitators indicated that student-led TBL was significantly more effective than faculty-led TBL. Thus, student-led TBL can enhance the ability of all students at different academic levels.

Discussion:

Student-led TBL appears to be an effective learning strategy in higher education and further shifts toward student-centered learning in the course curriculum.
Implementation, Reach, and Effectiveness of the Direct Observation of Residents in Clinic Program
Authors: Murphy Jessica E. , Khawaja Hussain , Messina Dino , Monteiro Joao Filipe G. , Jeremiah Jennifer , McGarry Kelly
Published: December 2023

Background:

Direct observation is important, yet medical residents are rarely observed. We implemented and evaluated a direct observation program in resident clinics to increase the frequency of observation and feedback and improve perceptions about direct observation.

Methods:

We assigned faculty as observers in our resident clinics between June 2019 and February 2020. We surveyed residents and faculty before and after the program. Faculty completed a form for each observation performed. We analyzed surveys to examine changes in barriers, frequency and type of observations and feedback, and attitudes toward observation. The analytical sample included 38 and 37 pre- and postresident surveys, respectively, and 20 and 25 pre- and postfaculty surveys, respectively.

Results:

Resident survey response rates were 32.3% (40/124) pre- and 30.7% (39/127) postintervention. Most residents (76% [pre], 86% [post], P = 0.258) reported being observed in at least one of the four areas: history, examination, counseling, or wrap-up. We received observation tracking forms on 68% of eligible residents. Observed history taking increased from 30% to 79% after the program (P = 0.0010). Survey response rates for faculty were 64.7% (22/34) pre- and 67.5% (25/37) postintervention. Fewer faculty reported time (80% [pre], 52% [post], P = 0.051) and competing demands (65% [pre], 52% [post], P = 0.380) as barriers postintervention. Fewer faculty postintervention viewed observation as a valuable teaching tool (100% [pre], 79% [post], P = 0.0534). All faculty who did not view observation as valuable were the least experienced.

Discussion:

Assigning faculty as observers can increase observation, especially in history taking, though data suggest an increase in negative perceptions of observation by faculty.
Retinal microvascular differences after successful macular hole surgery by using the superior and temporal inverted flap technique
Authors: Limon Utku
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the retinal microvascular differences after successful macular hole surgery by using the superior and temporal inverted flap technique.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, patients with idiopathic macular holes with a horizontal diameter of 250–400 μm at the narrowest point, and who have a follow-up of 6 months were included in the study. Group 1 included 14 patients' 14 eyes that have been treated using the superior inverted flap technique. Group 2 included 15 patients' 15 eyes that have been treated using the temporal inverted flap technique. The vessel density (VD) ratios in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) at the central area and the four parafoveal quadrants were compared between the groups at baseline and postoperative month 6.

Results:

The mean baseline BCVA improved significantly in both groups at postoperative month 6 (1.21 to 0.50 and 1.32 to 0.52 logMAR, respectively; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean BCVA between the two groups at postoperative month 6 (P < 0.05). The mean VD in SCP in the center area increased significantly in both groups at month 6 postoperatively (P = 0.011 and 0.020, respectively); however, the mean VD in DCP in the center area did not significantly change in both groups (P = 0.079 and 0.078, respectively). The mean VD ratios in SCP and DCP at the four parafoveal quadrants did not change significantly in both groups at month 6 (P < 0.05 for both).

Conclusions:

Both techniques are safe for retinal microvasculature at postoperative month 6.
Surgical outcomes of petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flaps in extra-large macular holes
Authors: Joshi Shrinivas , Yadav Nishita , Ayachit Apoorva , Joshi Madan , Vibhute Giriraj , Ayachit Guruprasad
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To analyze the surgical outcomes of petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting flap using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) in extra-large macular holes (MHs) (minimum linear diameter >550 µm and basal diameter [BD] >1000 µm).

Methods:

This was a prospective interventional series of 103 eyes of 99 patients with extra-large MHs which were treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flaps under PFCL and 15% perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT) was used to confirm correct positioning of flaps. Follow-up was at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 58.282 ± 16.3 years. Mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 1.206 ± 0.384, and the value at the third month was logMAR 0.793 ± 0.337. Mean minimum linear diameter (MLD) was 711.96 ± 270.744 µm. MLD ranged from 557µm (minimum MLD) to 2657 µm (maximum MLD). Mean BD was 1301.165 ± 425.914 µm. Type 1 closure was seen in 92.2% eyes, 5.8% eyes had type 2 closure, and 1.9% eyes had type 3 closure. Eyes with both type 1 closure (P = 0.001) and type 2 closure (P = 0.009) showed a significant improvement in BCVA postoperatively at 3 months.

Conclusion:

Petalloid multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flap under PFCL technique with adjunctive use of i-OCT showed improved morphological and functional outcomes in the treatment of extra-large MHs. We present here a large series of extra-large MHs, in which a novel technique of petalloid multilayered inverted ILM flaps was used.
Safety and efficacy profile of intravitreal ranibizumab vs dexamethasone in treatment of naïve diabetic macular edema
Authors: Mahapatra Santosh K , Parhi Anjalika , Shree Pallavi , Mohanty Anuja
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To compare the safety and efficacy parameters of intravitreal ranibizumab vs intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) in the treatment of patients with naïve diabetic macular edema (DME) in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and possible complications like intraocular pressure (IOP) rise and cataract progression.

Methods:

A hospital-based prospective and comparative study of naïve DME patients was conducted between November 2020 and October 2021 with a minimum follow-up (F/U) period of 6 months. Thirty phakic patients received one dose of IVD implant (Group A) and the other 30 (Group B) received three consecutive monthly doses of ranibizumab. The main exclusion criteria were steroid responders and the presence of ocular inflammation.

Results:

The mean pre-injection CMT in Group A was 405µ and reduced to 297.07µ at 3 months and 278.35µ at 6 months. Mean increase in logMAR BCVA was 0.55. The mean pre-injection IOP was 16.28 and 17.64 mm of Hg at 6 months. In Group B, the mean pre-injection CMT was 401.07µ and reduced to 276.1µ at 3 months and 292.9µ at 6 months. Mean BCVA increased to 0.37. The mean pre-injection IOP was 17.28 mm Hg and 16.42 mm Hg at 6 months. There was no significant progression of cataract in both groups.

Conclusion:

The mean decrease in CMT was comparable in both the groups at 6 months F/U with an improvement of BCVA with no significant IOP fluctuation or cataract progression. Hence, IVD appears to be noninferior to ranibizumab in the treatment of naïve DME.
Three-dimensional Echocardiography during Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty
Authors: Kiliçgedik Alev , Kirma Cevat
Published: December 2023

Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) has been frequently used as an alternative to open or closed surgical mitral commissurotomy for the treatment of selected patients with symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis. PMBV has been proven a safe and effective method, often performed under fluoroscopic guidance. With the advent of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE), interventional cardiologists have been able to successfully perform complex procedures such as paravalvular leak closure, transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of the mitral valve (MV) using MitraClip, etc. With the expertise derived from these procedures, 3DE has received considerable interests in many other procedures, including PMBV. Pre-, intra-, and postprocedural assessments of the mitral valve (MV) area; commissural splitting; the presence, degree, and location of mitral regurgitation; and other procedure-related complications can be more accurately and readily made using 3DE. In addition, real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography has been proven to be more accurate than two-dimensional (2D) techniques in identifying specific MV abnormalities associated with complex diseases. Moreover, real-time 3DE offers the advantage of shorter fluoroscopy and radiation times throughout PMBV. This article reviews the use of 3DE during PMBV in light of the most recent literature and based on expertise and discusses the pros and cons of 3DE, with emphasis on its superiority to conventional 2D echocardiography.
Colchicine in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Lavanya Narra , Sathyamurthy Immaneni
Published: December 2023

Colchicine has been used since ancient times for gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis thus paving a way for the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The role of colchicine in the management of pericarditis has been well established. It has been evident from clinical trials the beneficial effects of colchicine in various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and postcardiotomy syndromes. The most frequently used dose of colchicine is 0.5 mg once a day, with duration varying according to clinical condition. The widespread availability, low cost and acceptable side effect profile has made colchicine an attractive therapeutic option. The aim of this article is to summarize colchicine’s mechanism of action and evidence from various trials of its use in CVD in the current era.
Clinical Characteristics, Procedural Details, and Outcomes of Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Real-world Practice at a Tertiary Care Center in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rahuman Faslur , Fernando Nimali , Kempitiya Chathurika , Peiris Kachchakaduge Anushka , Abeysenevi Pasan , Nawaratna Amanda , Silva Pubudu De
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vary across different regions of the world. Despite a substantial increase in the demand for PCI in recent years, there is a lack of comprehensive data on PCI in Sri Lanka.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of PCI procedures in real-world practice in Sri Lanka over a period of time.

Methods:

This prospective descriptive study included all patients who underwent PCI at one unit of a tertiary care cardiac center in Colombo, Sri Lanka, between March 2022 and December 2022. Patients’ baseline clinical characteristics, procedural details, equipment usage, and complications were analyzed and followed up for 6 months.

Results:

Among 317 patients included in the analysis, 89.9% were ≥40 years old, with a mean age of 54.7 years (standard deviation: 11), and 73.5% were male. The most common presentation was chronic coronary syndrome, 65.9%, with 6.9% chronic total occlusion (CTO) cases. Within acute coronary syndrome cases, the highest percentage (27.1%) was attributed to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), with 18.3% being anterior MI, suggesting that the left anterior descending artery was most commonly affected. Approximately 86.1% had single-vessel PCI, whereas 2.8% underwent left main PCI. Transradial access was obtained in 87.4%. Despite a 6.9% CTO, a high procedural success rate of 94.3% was observed. The inhospital mortality rate was low at 0.3%, and the 6-month mortality rate was 0.9%.

Conclusions:

Despite the limited sample size, our study provides valuable insights into the current practices and outcomes of PCI in Sri Lanka. Despite the constraints of limited resources, we observed a high success rate and minimal complications.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Root Canal Sealers Modified with Various Herbal Extracts against Candida Albicans and E Faecalis
Authors: Gupta Ishan , Kaur Manpreet , Kanaparthy Aruna , Satyabrata Nanda Saswat , Pavagada Sreenivasalu Pavan Kumar , Vathsala N , Bhasin Ritasha
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of ZOE-based, calcium hydroxide, and epoxy resin-based sealers on modification with three herbal extracts.

Materials and Methods:

Methanolic extracts of selected herbs were combined with ZOE-based, calcium hydroxide, and epoxy resin-based sealers. Cultures were prepared from E. faecalis and C. albicans and agar plates prepared. Prepared mixtures were inoculated in punched holes, and inhibitory zones were measured.

Results:

No statistical significance was obtained on comparing mean scores of test groups.

Conclusion:

None of the combinations used was found to be significantly better than others.
An In Vitro Comparative Assessment of Shaping Capacity of a Single-File System Over Multiple-File System in Root Canals
Authors: Swetha Bollineni , Malini Duvvuri L. , Burla Devipriya , Ismail Prabu Mahin Syed , Dahiya Surya , Bhasin Ritasha , Mohammed Azhar
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The study’s objective was to contrast the two distinct rotary file techniques used to shape mandibular first molars.

Materials and Methods:

The investigation involved twenty recently removed mandibular molars. A digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was placed in a fixed position, a muffle block was built, and images of each tooth’s three cross sections were obtained. The specimens were split into the following two groups at random: Rotary files from WaveOne were used to prepare group A and Mtwo rotary files were used to prepare group B.

Results:

At the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering ability compared with the Mtwo file system (P 0.05).

Conclusion:

When compared to the Mtwo file system, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering capabilities and needed significantly less time to build the curved canals.
Evaluation of Dissolution of Pulp by Sodium Hypochlorite when Mixed with Tetrasodic Etidronate and Disodic Ethylenediamine Tetraacetate under Controlled Flow
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Shahi Siddharth , Agarwal Lalit Kumar , El-Shamy Fahiem Mohammad Mohammad , Gupta Khushboo , Aggarwal Nidhi
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Sodium hypochlorite serves as the most efficient root canal irrigating fluid.

Objectives:

This study’s goal was to assess the replenished NaOCl’s capacity to dissolve the tissue of pulp when combined with 9% tetrasodic etidronate (Na4HEBP), 18% tetrasodic etidronate (Na4HEBP), and 17% disodic ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) under continuous controlled administration.

Materials and Methods:

Hundred and twenty complete undamaged teeth of the anterior mandible extracted due to periodontal problems within forty-eight hours were taken as a source of the pulp tissue.

Results:

It was found that there was a decrease in the weight of pulp tissue in all groups except negative control.

Conclusion:

NaOCl’s potential to dissolve tissue with chelating agents like EDTA and HEBP inside the root canal was unaffected when there was controlled administration of EDTA and HEBP.
The Outcome of Smoking on Healing of Bone Around Dental Implants
Authors: Alharethi Naji A.
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To assess the outcome of cigarette smoking and non-smoking on the healing of bone around dental implants.

Materials and Method:

A retrospective analysis was made over 6 years of the clinical and radiographic findings corresponding to 60 consecutive patients (25 women and 35 men) who had received a total of 100 implants. Patients were divided into two groups: smokers, 32 patients (received 50 implants); and non-smokers (NSs), 28 patients (received 50 implants). Smokers were identified as people smoking >15 cigarettes per day. The success and failure cases were evaluated and studied. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Result:

Smokers and NSs received 50 implants in each group with 5 (10%) and 2 (4%) failures and 90% and 96% of success in smokers and NSs, respectively. Smokers had a higher failure rate than NSs. The difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The results indicated a higher success of implants in NSs compared to smokers.
Evaluating the Long-Term Outcomes of Periodontal Surgery vs. Non-Surgical Treatment in Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Nair Vineet , Vasoya Nuti S. , Vakharia Dhriti H. , Mansuri Saloni N. , Sutariya Prachi , Dhamelia Greacy , Patel Heli H.
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Aggressive periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease characterized by rapid tissue destruction and tooth loss. The optimal treatment approach for managing this condition remains a topic of debate

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis who received either surgical or non-surgical treatment between 2010 and 2020. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at baseline and regular intervals over a 5-year follow-up period. Surgical interventions included flap surgery, guided tissue regeneration, and bone grafting, while non-surgical treatments comprised scaling and root planning with or without adjunctive antibiotics. The primary outcomes assessed included changes in probing depth, clinical attachment level, tooth loss, and patient-reported quality of life measures.

Results:

A total of 120 patients were included in the study, with 60 patients in each treatment group. The surgical group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in probing depth and gains in clinical attachment level compared to the non-surgical group (P < 0.05). Tooth loss was significantly lower in the surgical group over the 5 years (P < 0.01). Patient-reported outcomes also favored the surgical group, with improved oral health-related quality of life. However, the surgical group had a higher incidence of postoperative complications

Conclusion:

This study suggests that periodontal surgery yields superior long-term outcomes in the management of aggressive periodontitis compared to non-surgical treatment.