bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Genetic Factors Predispose People to COVID-19: A Review Article
Authors: Nasrolahi Ava , Haghani Karimeh , Gheysarzadeh Ali , Bakhtiyari Salar
Published: November 2020

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a threat
to human life and society. Scientists and clinicians are struggling with the intrusive
SARS-CoV-2 virus to enhance their knowledge about its pathogenesis and find an
effective medicine and vaccine to combat its complications. Till now, they have learned
that this SARS-CoV-2 has not infected all people exposed to this virus, and also severe
respiratory illnesses have not been observed in all infected patients. Patients over 65 or
with underlying diseases are more vulnerable to develop severe disease. Based on this
premise, a highly challenging question is why some people are more susceptible to this
virus and others are not. The present study was aimed to review the current information,
which explains the broad spectrum of COVID-19 presentation. Here, we discussed how
genetic background, immune system, underlying disease, smoking status, as well as
age, race, and gender affect COVID-19 susceptibility.
Metal-wood crane beam calculation
Authors: Yusupov A. K. , Muselemov H. M. , Ustarhanov T. O.
Published: November 2020

Objective. The development of structures and calculation of metal-wood crane beams are associated with specific difficulties. The article discusses the methods of calculation and design of metal-wood crane beams. In this case, an algorithm is described that allows designing systems that are rational in terms of material consumption. Methods. As an example, a metal-wood beam with a span of 12 m is used, which is supported by overhead cranes with a load capacity of 30 tf. The operation of a metal-wood crane beam was compared with a glue laminate crane beam without reinforcement. The reinforcement elements are "discarded" and replaced with elasto-yielding supports to calculate a glue laminate beam reinforced with metal elements (or a metal-wood beam). The flexibility of these supports is taken into account using the elastic support ratio r, which is determined depending on the stiffness of the supports, and the force in the metal elements is derived from the nodes balance. Result. In both variants of loading metal-wood crane beams, it was shown that the greatest bending moment occurred when the bridge wheel was located above the elastic support. Conclusion. It is rational to use a metal-wood crane beam when operating bridge cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 30 tf; metal-wood crane beams are recommended to be designed with spans up to 12 m; the comparison of glue laminate crane beams with metal-wood beams showed that metal-wood beams were 40-55% more efficient.
Formation of orthogonal latin squares by index structuring of n-set multiplication tables
Authors: Kadiev P. A. , Kadiev I. P.
Published: November 2020

Objective. Formation of structurally perfect orthogonal Latin squares by the method of index ordering of the multiplication table elements of n-sets based on the multiplication table. Methods. Orthogonal Latin squares are formed by the method of index structuring of n-set multiplication tables. Results. A method is proposed for constructing structurally perfect orthogonal Latin squares of pairs of indexed finite sets of odd dimension, based on the index ordering of an nxn-array of elements in the multiplication table. A distinctive feature of the proposed method for constructing structurally perfect orthogonal squares from elements of two indexed sets of the same dimension is the use by the authors of the method of permutations of elements of the original nxn-matrix configurations, with the formation of index-ordered or index-structured combinatorial configurations. Conclusion. The use of the method for constructing a family of orthogonal Latin squares for pairs of indexed finite sets of the same odd dimension by the elements forming their multiplication table by the method of index structuring based on the principle of functional dependency of the index values on pairs of set elements and index values on pairs of elements from its environment allows creating a specific class orthogonal configuration, which, in terms of element indices, easily demonstrates their orthogonality.
Cutane neosporose bij een volwassen hond in België
Authors: De Schuyter T. , De Cock H. E. V. , Lemmens P.
Published: November 2020

Een twaalf jaar oude, vrouwelijke, gesteriliseerde greyhound werd aangeboden met ulceratievenodulaire letsels, algemene zwakte en pijn. De hond werd op dat moment behandeld met prednisolonevoor een vermoedelijke diagnose van cervicale discus hernia. Op het microscopisch onderzoek van eenfi jnenaaldaspiratie-biopt van de nodulaire letsels werden protozoaire tachyzoïeten gezien. Het immunohistochemischonderzoek bevestigde de diagnose van Neospora caninum-infectie. Een behandeling metclindamycine en de stopzetting van een immunosuppressieve behandeling leidden tot volledig herstel. Ditartikel beschrijft het eerste geval van cutane neosporose in België.
Necrotiserende fasciitis bij een hond
Authors: Abma E. , Vandenabeele S. , Campos M. , Bosmans T. , Stock E. , de Rooster H.
Published: November 2020

Een intacte, mannelijke briard van zeven jaar werd aangeboden met kreupelheid, koorts en een pijnlijke zwelling aan de linkerachterpoot. De hond was in compensatoire shock. Op het lichamelijk onderzoek vertoonde de patiënt een ecchymose en een zeer pijnlijk oedeem aan de linkerachterpoot. Op cytologie van de onderhuidse vochtopstapeling werd een groot aantal kokken aangetroffen. Een bacteriologische cultuur bevestigde de aanwezigheid van β-hemolytische streptokokken van de Lancefi eld groep G. Necrotiserende fasciitis werd gediagnosticeerd aan de hand van een combinatie van de klinische bevindingen, de bacteriologische cultuur en de bevindingen tijdens chirurgie. De patiënt onderging tweemaal chirurgie, waarbij grote hoeveelheden necrotisch en aangetast weefsel werden verwijderd. Na zeven dagen intensieve zorgen kon de hond de kliniek verlaten. Twee weken postoperatief verkeerde de hond in uitstekende conditie. Hij belastte zijn linkerachterpoot weer normaal en de wonde was volledig geheeld.
Staphylococcus hyicus-infecties bij varkens
Authors: Maes D. , Vandersmissen T. , de Jong E. , Boyen F. , Haesebrouck F.
Published: November 2020

Staphylococcus hyicus is het oorzakelijke agens van exsudatieve epidermitis, een belangrijke huidziekte bij varkens. Bij de klassieke vorm zijn algemene dermatitis en epidermitis zonder jeuk aanwezig waarbij dehydratatie en sterfte kunnen optreden. Deze vorm komt vooral voor bij dieren jonger dan acht weken. Gelokaliseerde vormen, waarbij voornamelijk de oortoppen, de kop, de flanken of overige extremiteiten aangetast zijn, komen ook voor maar dan vooral bij dieren ouder dan zes weken. De door de kiem geproduceerde toxines zijn samen met andere predisponerende factoren die huidbeschadigingen kunnen veroorzaken, belangrijk om klinische symptomen te veroorzaken. De klinische symptomen en letsels zijn karakteristiek maar om de diagnose te bevestigen, is een isolatie van de kiem uit de letsels noodzakelijk. De behandeling bestaat uit vochttherapie, het topicale gebruik van antiseptica en het toedienen van antimicrobiële middelen. De preventie berust op het voorkomen van huidletsels, het optimaliseren van de huisvesting, het stalklimaat en de voeding en het toepassen van een goede reiniging en stalhygiëne om de infectiedruk te verlagen.
Vlees eten, mag dat wel? Voorgeschiedenis van het hedendaagse vegetarisme
Authors: Devriese L. A.
Published: November 2020

In dit overzicht wordt vooral gezocht naar de verklaring van het feit dat religieuze spijswetten en taboes bijna uitsluitend voedseltypes van dierlijke herkomst viseren. Primordiaal in het ontstaan daarvan was de vrees voor ‘contagium’ (besmetting), die ontstond bij primitieve gemeenschappen doordrongen van geloof in magische krachten. Als je in contact komt met iets, dan kunnen de eigenschappen daarvan in je ‘overvloeien’. Alle dieren produceren als afstotelijk of angstaanjagend ervaren stoffen: feces, urine, speeksel, sperma of andere geslachtsuitvloei. Hun lichamen bevatten bovendien geheimzinnige vochten, zoals bloed en lymfe. Vlees is er in mindere of meerdere mate onzichtbaar mee ‘gecontamineerd’. Dit helpt mede de afschuw in veel culturen te verklaren van het vlees van carnivoren en omnivoren, zoals de kat, hond en het varken. In dit artikel worden enkele ethische aspecten van beperkingen op het eten van vlees in Europees historisch perspectief belicht. Gewezen wordt op de sterke bindende kracht van religieuze spijswetten. Achtereenvolgens komen aan bod: de ontwikkeling van de veeteelt, vlees als luxeproduct, vlees derven, versterven en vasten in de christelijke traditie, toegelaten en niettoegelaten voedsel met de achtergronden daarvan, motieven van vroegere en van hedendaagse vegetariërs. Verdere hoofdstukjes handelen meer specifiek over de afkeer van het eten van talrijke diersoorten, taboes op paarden-, varkens- en hondenvlees en het rituele slachten. Als besluit wordt gesteld dat de eeuwenoude taboesfeer rondom vlees indirect een gunstige voedingsbodem vormt voor de hedendaagse vegetarische stroming. De directe motiveringen van hedendaagse vegetariërs, in hoofdzaak de bekommernis om dierenwelzijn en milieu, verschillen echter fundamenteel van de oudere magische en religieuze grondslagen van het (bepaalde types) vlees mijden.
First case of nasal transitional carcinoma in a goat infected with Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus in Belgium
Authors: Delaude A. , Raes E. , Leroux C. , Chiers K. , Sonck L.
Published: November 2020

An eleven-year-old, female goat was presented for evaluation of breathing difficulties and epistaxis. Radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) examination of the head revealed the presence of a space-occupying lesion involving the right nasal passage and invading the cranial vault and retrobulbar space. Histologic examination and detection of viral genome from the nasal mass led to the diagnosis of nasal transitional carcinoma with concomitant infection with Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus (ENTV-2). In this case report, the presence of a nasal transitional carcinoma is described in a goat; a very rare tumor which, to the authors’ knowledge, has not been previously reported in goats. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the genome of ENTV-2 within the neoplastic tissue, suggesting an infectious etiology.
Katia Backhaus: Nachhaltige Freiheit
Authors: Meyer Kira
Published: November 2020

Besprechung von: Katia Henriette Backhaus: Nachhaltige Freiheit. Elemente einer ökologischen politischen Philosophie. Frankfurt/New York: Campus 2020.
Organização do Trabalho
Authors: Borba Lauro
Published: November 2020

Na segunda metade do século XVIII um economista inglês — Adam Smith — propunha novas concepções, para interpretar e pôr em prática, as leis da economia.
Delegação de Competência na Classificação de Cargos — Teoria e Prática
Authors: Donald McInnis H.
Published: November 2020

Onde quer que exista um plano de classificação de cargos, existirá sempre o problema da atribuição da competência para a essa classificação. No serviço público, pelo menos, o assunto é geralmente resolvido pela delegação de competência, feita pelo órgão central de administração do Plano (como, por exemplo, a Comissão do Serviço Civil) aos chefes dos vários departamentos governamentais, os quais, por sua vez, determinam, na própria jurisdição, até que ponto poderão delegar êsse controle.
Administração Pública das Águas
Authors: Tovar Jair
Published: November 2020

A  literatura histórica ligada ao Direito Romano relata, conquanto sem contornos absolutamente definidos, a existência de uma específica magistratura das águas entre as suas instituições notáveis.
Instituto Internacional de Ciências Administrativas: Recursos da Ciência
Authors: H. Judd Charles
Published: November 2020

Os programas planejados pelas entidades federais, as dotações orçamentárias para conservação feitas pelo Congresso e por outros corpos legislativos e o pensamento da maioria do povo, consideram terra, água e outros recursos físicos em primeiro plano.
Rui Barbosa e o Direito Administrativo
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: November 2020

Com uma introdução do Prof. Caio Tácito, Consultor Jurídico do Dasp, a “Revista do Serviço Público” orgulha-se de poder divulgar êste parecer inédito com que, mais uma vez, se documenta a incursão de Rui Barbosa nas províncias do Direito Administrativo. Na transcrição deste interessante documento, respeitou-se a ortografia original, da época.
Tribunal Federal de Recursos
Authors: ENAP RSP
Published: November 2020

Servidor público; Demissão; anulação do ato por vício de forma do processo administrativo; efeitos; concede-se a readmissão e não a reintegração, excluída a qualquer modo verba para honorários advocatícios.
Métodos e Processos Administrativos do Marquês de Pombal
Authors: Pinto Luiz
Published: November 2020

Em Portugal, antes de sua atuação na política e na administração do Brasil, o marquês de Pombal praticara atos de coragem e decisão, que muito o projetaram, destacando-se entre eles a abolição da Inquisição, e do triste espetáculo dos seus autos-de-fé, como também a atitude que refletia as idéias dos pensadores gauleses, que fôra a extinção da odienta distinção entre cristãos novos e cristãos velhos.
Identificação Pessoal
Authors: Cunha Carlos
Published: November 2020

Transporte de impressões papilares — As impressões papilares, suficientemente nítidas e decifráveis, encontradas em estado latente, podem, após reveladas ser levantadas ou transferidas.
Casamento de Pessoa Desquitada em País Divorcista
Authors: E Silva Oliveira
Published: November 2020

1.° Grupo de Câmaras Cíveis Reunidas do Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal, em Acórdão de 19 de agôsto de 1954, decidiu uma das hipóteses mais interessantes em matéria de casamento de pessoa desquitada, no Brasil, e que contraira matrimônio no México, país conhecidamente de legislação divorcista.Os embargos foram providos, de acôrdo com o voto vencido do desembargador Mourão Russell no Acórdão embargado. Fôra a seguinte a hipótese: em ação declaratória um cidadão, de nacionalidade austríaca e solteiro, casara-se, na lei mexicana, com brasileira desquitada no Brasil. A sentença de primeira instância dera pela validade doaludido matrimônio, sendo que o Acórdão recorrido entendera, contra aquêlevoto vencido, que, no Brasil, o ato em apreço produzira efeitos em relação aoautor, sendo, apenas, ineficaz em relação ao cônjuge brasileiro, porque “a essaineficácia se opõe o nosso direito público interno” .
A Proteção dos Interesses do Fisco nos Processos Falimentares
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: November 2020

A lei de falência no seu artigo 174 determina que, nos processos de concordata preventiva “entregue o relatorio do comissário (artigo 169, n. X ) oescrivão dentro de vinte e quatro horas.
O Gabinete Português de Leitura
Authors: Faria Artur
Published: November 2020

Evocarei de passagem os acontecimentos de maior significação políticae social passados num e noutro país para que se tenha uma idéia o mais exatapossível das circunstâncias históricas em que se deu a fundação da sociedadeque se chama Gabinete Português de Leitura, do Rio de Janeiro.
Política médico-hospitalar do Brasil
Authors: Taunay Leite Guimarães Adriano
Published: November 2020

Ao Primeiro Congresso Nacional de Hospitais e Primeira ConferênciaNacional de D iretcres de Assistência Hospitalar, o Dr.Adriano Taunay Leite Guimarães, Técnico do Conselho Nacional deEconomia e Neuropsiquiatra do Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensõesdos Bancários, contribuiu com o presente trabalho, onde estudaatenta e minuciosamente os problemas pertinentes à saúde no Brasil.Examina sob novos aspectos a administração hospitalar, levando-aaté as áreas da administração municipal.
O Município
Authors: Machado Paupério A.
Published: November 2020

O município não é, como imagina a maioria, apenas uma circunscrição territorial,um pedaço de território. O direito de autoadministrar-se, pertencendo ao povo nas democracias,pertence-o em cada um dos seus círculos de convivência, em cada um dos grausde sua formação.
Problemas do Município de Ourinhos (estado de São Paulo)
Authors: Delorenzo Neto Antônio
Published: November 2020

A lei estadual de São Paulo, n.° 1.618, de 13 de dezembro de 1918, criouo Município de Ourinhos — distrito desde 1915 — com território desmembradodo de Salto Grande do Parapanema, tendo sido instalado em 20 demarço de 1919. Na divisão administrativa referente ao ano de 1933 e nasterritoriais datadas de 31-XII-1936 e 31-XII-1937, bem como no quadro anexoao Decreto-lei estadual n.° 9 .07 3 , de 31 de março de 1938, o Município deOurinhos compõe-se, unicamente, do distrito dêste nome, sendo mantida essasituação nos quadros fixados pelos Decretos estaduais de ns. 9.775. de 30de novembro de 1938, e 14.334, de 30 de novembro de 1944, para vigorarem,'respectivamente, no qüinqüênio 1939-1943 e em 1945-1948, tendo adquiridoseu distrito sede, partes dos de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Pedrodo Turvo e Salto Grande, dos Municípios dêsses nomes, e perdeu parte domesmo, anexada ao de Salto Grande, do Município assim denominado
Cidade Universitária a Universidade do Brasil
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: November 2020

Os únicos conjuntos destinados ao ensino superior em efetivaconstrução no país, sob a responsabilidade do GovernoFederal correspondem às Cidades Universitárias da Universidadedo Brasil e da Universidade do Recife. A de São Pauloestá a cargo do próprio Estado e as outras, já federalizadas,executam apenas obras de reforma e ampliação ou constroemedifícios isolados
Aplicação administrativa do Direito
Authors: De Magalhães Celso
Published: November 2020

Costumes — Há também um Direito que não está escrito. Não só asnormas escritas obrigam: a praxe, o costume — desde que seguidos por muitotempo — obrigam do mesmo m odo. O costume constitui, assim, um Direitosubsidiário auxiliar do Direito Positivo, e ao qual se dá o nome de DireitoConsuetudinário.
A ação federal sobre o ensino secundário e superior até 1930
Authors: Bastos Silva Geraldo
Published: November 2020

Podemos dizer que no debate entre centralizadores e descentralizadores,que se vem travando a propósito da lei de bases e diretrizes da educaçãonacional, prevista pela Constituição de 1946, não se focalizou devidamentea experiência brasileira de ensino no período 1899-1930, ao menos no quese refere ao ensino secundário e ao superior. O parecer do Deputado G u s t a v oC a p a n e m a , contrário ao ante-projeto elaborado pela comissão nomeada peloMinistro Mariani, não só tocou muito de leve no assunto, como, também, noesforço de afirmar uma tendência centralizadora homogênea e constante, doAto Adicional à atualidade, simplificou indevidamente a situação vigenteno período referido. Disse o Sr. Gustavo Capanema: “Tão convincente foi aexperiência monárquica, tão avisados estavam os espíritos com relação aosmaíes de uma grande descentralização no ensino, que a federação, paradoxalmente,veio centralizar a organização educacional do Brasil. Compare-se oart° 10 do Ato Adicional de 1834 com o art° 35 da Constituição de 189 1. ese verá que, por uma forma expressa ou subtendida, o segundo documento,em matéria de ensino, dá amplitude muito maior às atribuições nacionais.Sob o regime da Constituição de 1891, foi-se processando a centralização daorganização pedagógica do país numa convergência nacional cada vez maispronunciada. A legislação do ensino superior não deixou de pertencer à competênciada União. O ensino secundário tornou-se assunto de regulamentaçãor.xclusivamente federal”.
Política de Habitação
Authors: Luiz Duprat Augusto
Published: November 2020

Para que o problema da “Habitação" tenha a solução “Social”, tem que ser encarado sob o ponto de vista “Humano” proporcionando ao Homem satisfação dos seus desejos e de suas necessidades fundamentais.
A operação Município e a técnica de descentralização administrativa
Authors: Delorenzo Neto A.
Published: November 2020

No mecanismo da Administração Pública — para a solução das ingentes tarefas que lhe são atribuídas no Estado moderno — tem precedência o exame do problema financeiro. A Constituição Federal, adotando um dêles, estabeleceu, em discriminação exigida entre os entes federados, as receitas que lhes cabem. Reconhecida essa precedência, na organização estatal, êle se transforma na discussão dos sistemas da discriminação de rendas. Do ponto de vista administrativo estamos diante de um fato consumado. Qualquer discussão teórica sôbre a oportunidade ou inoportunidade, erros ou desacertos do texto constitucional, redunda, sem dúvida, numa discussão cerebrina.
Indenização à companheira
Authors: E Silva Oliveira
Published: November 2020

A lei reguladora da responsabilidade das estradas de ferro, que remonta ao ano de 1912, portanto, anterior à vigência do Código Civil Brasileiro, é matéria, ainda, de longo debate, em muitos aspectos. Advinda para os casos do âmbito dos acidentes nas estradas de ferro, a jurisprudência dos nossos tribunais entendeu aplicá-la a todos os desastres em carris como os resultantes de bondes elétricos. E, ampliando-a, ainda mais, inclui os provenientes de colisões em lanchas e barcas.
A remuneração dos servidores civis e militares
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: November 2020

Decorrido quase meio ano de vigência da Lei n.° 2.412,que concede abono especial temporário aos servidores militarese civis da União, não seria de todo inoportuno teceralgumas considerações a respeito dos futuros vencimentosdo pessoal civil do Poder Executivo e dos integrantes denossas Fôrças Armadas.
O Direito Administrativo na Enciclopédia Jurídica
Authors: Grande Humberto
Published: November 2020

Para bem compreenderem os o direito administrativo na enciclopédia jurídica,devem os partir do conceito de administração.Mas êsse conceito é muito amplo e geral. Administrar que significaetimològicamente servir, pode ser também trabalhar, desempenhar, fiscalizare realizar. A administração, como ação e efeito de administrar, é a regulamentaçãodos assuntos públicos e privados, de acordo com o critério de utilidade. Assim possui base econômica, na ordenação e utilização dos meios, esó se reveste externamente de relações jurídicas, ao impor limitação à suaesfera de abrangência. Temos, então, o direito administrativo, convindo distinguirentre a administração privada e a administração pública, entre a administraçãopública material e a administração pública formal. Tais distinçõestêm grande importância no nosso estudo. Elas vão definir o conteúdo do nossotema e garantir a autonomia dêsse novo ramo do direito
Relações do direito do trabalho com o direito administrativo
Authors: De Moraes Filho Evaristo
Published: November 2020

Se o direito do trabalho mantém atualmente relações muito estreitas com o direito constitucional, ainda com mais razão as mantém com o direito administrativo. O ingresso de suas normas nos textos constitucionais foi como que um amadurecimento de sua própria formação, uma conquista a posteriori, uma conclusão lógica e obrigatória do muito que já havia obtido na legislação ordinária. E foi através do direito administrativo, da nova concepção dos fins e das funções do Estado, que a legislação do trabalho alcançou o grau supremo de princípio constitucional.
Ecologia Administrativa
Authors: De Magalhães Celso
Published: November 2020

Ecologia é a ciência que determina a influência do local sôbre os organismos que nêle se encontram. Todos sabem que o trigo, por exemplo, não dá em qualquer parte, como sabem que o elefante não vive em qualquer lugar. A planta e o animal, quando» mudam de habitat, sofrem transformações por vêzes muito grandes. Para qtie isso não suceda, e possam algumas espécies sobreviver, necessário se torna tratá-las de forma especial, que a Ecologia orienta.
Relação de aqueduto
Authors: Tovar Jair
Published: November 2020

Depois de assinalar, no art. 118, uma restrição ao uso da servidão da passagem forçada do aqueduto, o Código de Águas, no art. 119, estabelece uma expansão dêsse direito, dispondo que o direito de derivar águas compreende também o de fazer as respectivas prêsas ou açudes.
Algumas considerações sobre o Direito Natural
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: November 2020

O problema do Direito Natural ressurge sempre nas épocas de crise e de transformações scciais, quando o direito vigente deixa de corresponder às aspirações da elite. Quando as normas jurídicas não resolvem devidamente os conflitos surgidos, quando a estrutura econômica ou política da sociedade se modifica, apela-se para o direito natural a fim de manter certas garantias e de readaptar o direito às novas condições de vida. E’ nas fases revolucionárias* da história que o direito natural recebeu os seus maiores impulsos. Quando um direito se constitui, é relativamente adequado ao meio no qual será aplicado. A primeira fase de estudos jurídicos, é de exegese, de comentários à lei. Com o decorrer do tempo e a criação de novos problemas na vida social, desenvolve-se o estudo dogmático e crítico. Ao lado do texto da lei, estudam-se as interpretações jurisprudenciais. A própria doutrina passa a ter papel ativo na construção jurídica. Renascem os estudos de história do direito, de direito romano, de direito comparado, de filosofia do direito.
Controle parlamentar da administração descentralizada no direito norte-americano
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: November 2020

O direito administrativo norte-americano nos apresenta duas formas principais de descentralização: os independent establishments as governmevt corporations.
Оптические и тепловые свойства гибридного металлодиэлектрического отражателя
Authors: Харитонова Е.А. , Гиршова Е.И. , Белоновский А.В. , Морозов К.М. , Иванов К.А. , Симчук О.И.
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрены тепловые и оптические свойства комбинированного отражателя, состоящего из слоя золота и распределенного брэгговского отражателя, составленного из чередующихся слоев In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As. Показано, что можно достичь высокого коэффициента отражения при низком поглощении в металле и относительно малой суммарной толщине диэлектрического отражателя. Ключевые слова: вертикально-излучающий лазер, распределенный брэгговский отражатель, металлодиэлектрический отражатель, арсенид индия-алюминия, арсенид индия-галлия.
Исследование спектра излучения молекулы СаО в диапазоне длин волн 540-650 nm в экспериментах на ударной трубе
Authors: Безверхний Н.О. , Лапушкина Т.А. , Монахов Н.А. , Петренко М.В. , Поняев С.А.
Published: November 2020

Experimental investigations of the emission spectrum of a CaO molecule behind the front of a reflected shock wave on a 50 mm diameter shock tube at the Ioffe Institute are carried out. The spectra were obtained using a compact spectrometer, as well as using a spectrometer based on an upgraded MDR-12 monochromator and a Sony SLT-A77 camera as a radiation detector. The emission spectra of CaO at different gas temperatures were obtained. The results can be used to test theoretical models of the emission spectrum of the CaO molecule at different temperatures.
Флексоэлектрические домены в бинарной смеси нематиков
Authors: Делев В.А. , Тимиров Ю.И.
Published: November 2020

Flexoelectric domains formation in mixture of nematic liquid crystals (NLC) MBBA and 5CB with anisotropy of dielectric permeability ε_a ~ 0 under the action of dc electric voltage is investigated. Threshold characteristics of flexoelectric domains formation (threshold voltage and spatial period) in the studied mixture are measured. The difference of flexoelectric coefficients |e1-e3| is determined. It is shown that in the mixture of nematics with ε_a ~ 0 , the threshold voltage is determined only by the ratio k/(e1-e3) (k - average elastic constant), which allows to calculate the difference in flexocoefficients |e1-e3| directly, excluding the properties of substrate surfaces. The definition method of the flexoelectric coefficients, proposed and approved in paper, can be useful for the new synthesized NLC with ε_a <- 0.5.
Клонирование химерных состояний в двухслойной сети бистабильных генераторов с запаздывающей обратной связью
Authors: Кульминский Д.Д. , Пономаренко В.И. , Прохоров М.Д.
Published: November 2020

Cloning of chimera states is for the first time studied in a two-layer network of identical bistable radio engineering generators with time-delayed feedback. The cases of mutual and unidirectional coupling between the network layers are considered. It is shown that for the cloning of chimera states it is necessary to choose the initial conditions of generators in a certain way.
A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Condom Negotiation and Sexual Orientation on the Relationship Between Sexual Coercion and Condom Use in Chinese Young Women: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Wen , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Fong Daniel Yee-Tak , Wong Janet Yuen-Ha
Published: November 2020

Background

The high prevalence of sexual coercion against young women has become a significant public health issue in China and other regions around the world. Young women are also especially vulnerable to engage in inconsistent condom use because of low sexual control. Although the relationship between sexual coercion and condom use has been widely demonstrated, the mechanism of this relationship is still unclear.

Objective

The objective of this study was to test condom negotiation as a mediator of the relationship between sexual coercion and condom use in young Chinese women and to investigate whether sexual orientation is a moderator.

Methods

Data were collected using web-based questionnaires and a total of 402 young Chinese women were included in the analysis. Sexual coercion was measured using a subscale of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales and condom negotiation was measured using a subscale of the UCLA Multidimensional Condom Attitudes Scale. Sexual orientation was assessed using an item adopted from a previous study and condom use was calculated by the total number of times condoms were used divided by the total number of times sexual intercourse was engaged in during the past 3 months. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted with sexual coercion as the independent variable, condom use consistency as the dependent variable, condom negotiation as the mediator variable, and sexual orientation as a moderator.

Results

The moderated mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between sexual coercion and condom use was significantly mediated by condom negotiation and moderated by sexual orientation. The indirect effect of condom negotiation was significant in heterosexual women (indirect effect: –0.80, 95% boot CI –1.67 to –0.36) but not in sexual minority women (indirect effect: –0.33, 95% boot CI –0.86 to 0.31).

Conclusions

The results showed that sexual orientation meaningfully affects the relationship between sexual coercion and condom negotiation. The difference in the mechanism of the relation between sexual coercion and sexual behaviors in heterosexual and sexual minority women should be considered for future research and interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of sexual coercion.
Measuring COVID-19 Related Anxiety in Parents: Psychometric Comparison of Four Different Inventories
Authors: Kubb Christian , Foran Heather M
Published: November 2020

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak and the measures to contain the global pandemic can have an impact on the well-being and mental health status of individuals. Parents of young children are particularly at risk for high levels of parental stress due to the current public health crisis, which can impact parenting behaviors and children’s well-being. Although different initial scales have been developed to measure COVID-19–related anxiety, they have not yet been tested sufficiently in parent samples. A brief measure of COVID-19–related anxiety is necessary for both quick assessment in practice and in larger epidemiological studies of parents.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to compare the distributions, validities, and reliabilities of four different COVID-19 anxiety scales: Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Pandemic Anxiety Scale, and one subscale of the COVID Stress Scales. Based on the psychometric properties of these scales, we aim to provide recommendations for a brief unidimensional inventory to assess COVID-19–related anxiety among parents.

Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey of 515 German-speaking parents (465 mothers, 90.3%) with at least one child aged 0-6 years was conducted during a 6-week period (June 29 to August 9, 2020). Half of the parents were recruited via Facebook parenting groups, while the other half were recruited through childcare centers. We psychometrically tested 25 items on COVID-19–related anxiety using the framework of classical test theory, including item analysis, correlational analysis of family variables, and exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, an item response theory approach was applied to estimate item discriminations and item difficulties.

Results

Based on the psychometric properties, three items of the Pandemic Anxiety Scale were identified as a single unidimensional factor. The adapted scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α=.79), moderate to high item discrimination, strong positive intercorrelation with two other COVID-19 anxiety scales, and a small positive association with parenting stress. Mothers and fathers did not differ in total scores (t513=−0.79, P=.42).

Conclusions

Factor analysis suggests that existing COVID-19–related anxiety scales measure different latent constructs of anxiety. Furthermore, all scales showed only small to moderate correlations with trait health anxiety, suggesting that COVID-19–related anxiety is distinct from general health anxiety. The adapted “disease anxiety” subscale of the Pandemic Anxiety Scale is an economical measure for assessing COVID-19–related anxiety in parents. Directions for future research are outlined.
Growth of Ambulatory Virtual Visits and Differential Use by Patient Sociodemographics at One Urban Academic Medical Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Gilson Sarah F , Umscheid Craig A , Laiteerapong Neda , Ossey Graeme , Nunes Kenneth J , Shah Sachin D
Published: November 2020

Background

Despite widespread interest in the use of virtual (ie, telephone and video) visits for ambulatory patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic, studies examining their adoption during the pandemic by race, sex, age, or insurance are lacking. Moreover, there have been limited evaluations to date of the impact of these sociodemographic factors on the use of telephone versus video visits. Such assessments are crucial to identify, understand, and address differences in care delivery across patient populations, particularly those that could affect access to or quality of care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine changes in ambulatory visit volume and type (ie, in-person vs virtual and telephone vs video visits) by patient sociodemographics during the COVID-19 pandemic at one urban academic medical center.

Methods

We compared volumes and patient sociodemographics (age, sex, race, insurance) for visits during the first 11 weeks following the COVID-19 national emergency declaration (March 15 to May 31, 2020) to visits in the corresponding weeks in 2019. Additionally, for visits during the COVID-19 study period, we examined differences in visit type (ie, in-person versus virtual, and telephone versus video visits) by sociodemographics using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Total visit volumes in the COVID-19 study period comprised 51.4% of the corresponding weeks in 2019 (n=80,081 vs n=155,884 visits). Although patient sociodemographics between the COVID-19 study period in 2020 and the corresponding weeks in 2019 were similar, 60.5% (n=48,475) of the visits were virtual, compared to 0% in 2019. Of the virtual visits, 61.2% (n=29,661) were video based, and 38.8% (n=18,814) were telephone based. In the COVID-19 study period, virtual (vs in-person) visits were more likely among patients with race categorized as other (vs White) and patients with Medicare (vs commercial) insurance and less likely for men, patients aged 0-17 years, 65-74 years, or ≥75 years (compared to patients aged 18-45 years), and patients with Medicaid insurance or insurance categorized as other. Among virtual visits, compared to telephone visits, video visits were more likely to be adopted by patients aged 0-17 years (vs 18-45 years), but less likely for all other age groups, men, Black (vs White) patients, and patients with Medicare or Medicaid (vs commercial) insurance.

Conclusions

Virtual visits comprised the majority of ambulatory visits during the COVID-19 study period, of which a majority were by video. Sociodemographic differences existed in the use of virtual versus in-person and video versus telephone visits. To ensure equitable care delivery, we present five policy recommendations to inform the further development of virtual visit programs and their reimbursement.
Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: Discrete SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) Modeling Using Empirical Infection Data (Preprint)
Authors: McMahon Andrew , Robb Nicole C
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19 disease, has resulted in a global pandemic. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has infected millions of people, caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands, and resulted in incalculable social and economic damage. Understanding the infectivity and transmission dynamics of the virus is essential to determine how best to reduce mortality while ensuring minimal social restrictions on the lives of the general population. Anecdotal evidence is available, but detailed studies have not yet revealed whether infection with the virus results in immunity.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to use mathematical modeling to investigate the reinfection frequency of COVID-19.

METHODS

We have used the SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) framework and random processing based on empirical SARS-CoV-2 infection and fatality data from different regions to calculate the number of reinfections that would be expected to occur if no immunity to the disease occurred.

RESULTS

Our model predicts that cases of reinfection should have been observed by now if primary SARS-CoV-2 infection did not protect individuals from subsequent exposure in the short term; however, no such cases have been documented.

CONCLUSIONS

This work concludes that infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides short-term immunity to reinfection and therefore offers useful insight for serological testing strategies, lockdown easing, and vaccine development.
Regional Internet Access and Mental Stress among University Students: A Representative Nationwide Study of China (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Shuhan , Zhang Weifang , Yang Tingzhong , Wu Dan , Yu Lingwei , Cottrell Randall R
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The Internet changed the lives of average citizens in the early part of the 21st century, and it has now become an essential part of daily life. Many studies reported that Internet use is positively correlated with psychological and mental problems, included depression, loneliness, and stress. However, previous studies examining Internet use and mental health were confined to local and community subpopulations and limited at the individual level, which increases the potential bias from selection effect at a different level. Regional variables would be a stable estimate of people’s socioeconomic and cultural environments and how these variables affect mental health needed to be studied.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between regional Internet access, and mental stress among university students.

METHODS

Participants were 11,954 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 Chinese universities. Regional Internet access was retrieved from a national database, and mental stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (Chinese Version) (CPSS). Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses.

RESULTS

More than one third 36.9% (95% CI: 24.4%–49.5%) of university students in this study suffered from severe mental stress (SMR). The full multilevel logistic regression model found that university students studied in low-level universities had 2.73 (95% C.I. 1.17 to 6.37) times the prevalence of SMR than that reference group. Compared with small cities, students in a large city had a lower prevalence of SMR (OR 0.24; 95%C.I. 0.07 to 0.78). Most importantly, regional Internet access was negatively associated with students’ SMR (OR 0.25; 95%C.I. 0.08 to 0.76).

CONCLUSIONS

This study provided directive evidences that regional Internet access and other environmental factors including city size contribute to students’ mental health. The findings underscore that efforts to control excessive mental stress among students in China should pay greater attention to environmental determinants of stress and particularly to improve in internet access.

CLINICALTRIAL
NoFumo+: Mobile Health App to quit smoking using Cognitive-behavioral Therapy. (Preprint)
Authors: García-Pazo Patricia , Fornés-Vives Joana , Sesé Abad Albert
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Despite the rapid growth of mobile health (mHealth) apps for smoking cessation, it is difficult to find any that integrate effective treatments such as those recommended in clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to describe the development of an mHealth app to quit smoking that implements CBT, drawing on the potential of smartphones and complying with the demands of the scientific community and the CPG recommendations.

METHODS

Creation of a mobile application to quit smoking based on the standards for the development of mHealth apps recommended by the Andalusian Healthcare Quality Agency and the Catalonian ICT Foundation for Social Health. To design the app, a multidisciplinary team was formed (healthcare, research, and IT) that made decisions about the scientific base to be incorporated in developing the techniques and the pilot program with two groups (experts and experimental) to test the app’s usability.

RESULTS

Pilot study of the app with a group of experts and a clinical group is described. The first group positively evaluates the application and identifies it as easy and intuitive to use. They suggest some changes to improve it, such as incorporating tutorial videos into the texts about the using the app and adding more gamification elements. The experimental group rates the app as easy to understand (100%) and finds it quite useful to have the information available at all times. The mobile health app, called NoFumo+, is available for both operating systems (Android and Apple). Its design includes icons with universal codes, it follows the CPG 5A recommendations, and it incorporates a multi-component CBT program to maintain abstinence from smoking. All of this is accompanied by complementary information, monitoring of the smoking behavior, social support for users, proposals for alternative activities to smoking, and gamification to encourage and reward adherence to the program.

CONCLUSIONS

No Fumo+ is easily an accessible and useful mHealth, meets the requirements of the scientific community, and implements a multi-component CBT program.
Knowledge, Attitudes and associated factors to Use District Health Information System (DHIS2 data) for decision making among health professionals in a Resource limited settings: Cross-sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Kanfe Shuma Gosha , Mengiste Nebyu Demeke , Ahmed Mohammedjud Hassen , Debele Gebiso Roba , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Evidence based practice is a key to increase effectiveness and efficiency of quality health services. To achieve this, utilization of health facility data (DHIS2 data) is required which is determined by knowledge and attitudes of health professionals. Thus, this study aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes of health professionals to use DHIS2 data for decision making.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and its associated factors among health professionals to use DHIS2 data for decision making at South west of Ethiopia 2020

METHODS

Cross sectional quantitative study methods was conducted to assess Knowledge and Attitudes of health professionals to use DHIS2 data. A total of 264 participants were approached. SPSS version 22 software was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive and analytical statistics including Bivariable and Multivariable analyses was done

RESULTS

Overall 130(49.2%) of the respondents had good knowledge to use DHIS2 data (95% CI: [43, 55.3]), whereas over 149 (56.4%) of the respondents had favorable attitudes towards the use of DHIS2 data for decision making purpose (95% CI: [53.2, 59.8]). Skills [AOR=2.20,95% CI:(1.16, 4.19)], Age [AOR= 1.92, 95% CI: (1.03, 3.59)] ,Resources[AOR=2.56, 95% CI:(1.35,4.86)], Staffing[AOR= 2.85, 95% CI : (1.49, 5.48)] and Experiences[AOR= 4.66, 95% CI: (1.94, 5.78)] were variables associated with knowledge to use DHIS2 data whereas Training [AOR= 5.59, 95% CI: (2.48, 5.42)], Feedback [AOR= 4.08, 95% CI: (1.87, 8.91)], Motivation [AOR=2.87, 95% CI: (1.36, 6.06)] and Health need [AOR=2.32, 95% CI: (1.10-4.92)] were variables associated with attitudes of health professionals to use DHIS2 data

CONCLUSIONS

In general, about half of the study participants had good knowledge of DHIS2 data utilization whereas more than half of respondents had favorable attitudes. Skills, resources, ages, staffing and experiences were the most determinant factors for the knowledge to use DHIS2 data whereas health need, motivation, feedback and training were determinant factors for attitudes to use DHIS2 data