bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subring Depth, Frobenius Extensions, and Towers
Authors: Kadison Lars
Published: October 2012

The minimum depthd(B,A)of a subringB⊆Aintroduced in the work of Boltje, Danz and Külshammer (2011) is studied and compared with the tower depth of a Frobenius extension. We show thatd(B,A)< ∞ ifAis a finite-dimensional algebra andBehas finite representation type. Some conditions in terms of depth and QF property are given that ensure that the modular function of a Hopf algebra restricts to the modular function of a Hopf subalgebra. IfA⊇Bis a QF extension, minimum left and right even subring depths are shown to coincide. IfA⊇Bis a Frobenius extension with surjective Frobenius, homomorphism, its subring depth is shown to coincide with its tower depth. Formulas for the ring, module, Frobenius and Temperley-Lieb structures are noted for the tower over a Frobenius extension in its realization as tensor powers. A depth 3 QF extension is embedded in a depth 2 QF extension; in turn certain depthnextensions embed in depth 3 extensions if they are Frobenius extensions or other special ring extensions with ring structures on their relative Hochschild bar resolution groups.
Detection of Fuzzy Association Rules by Fuzzy Transforms
Authors: Di Martino Ferdinando , Sessa Salvatore
Published: October 2012

We present a new method based on the use of fuzzy transforms for detecting coarse-grained association rules in the datasets. The fuzzy association rules are represented in the form of linguistic expressions and we introduce a pre-processing phase to determine the optimal fuzzy partition of the domains of the quantitative attributes. In the extraction of the fuzzy association rules we use the AprioriGen algorithm and a confidence index calculated via the inverse fuzzy transform. Our method is applied to datasets of the 2001 census database of the district of Naples (Italy); the results show that the extracted fuzzy association rules provide a correct coarse-grained view of the data association rule set.
Momordica charantiaExtract Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells through Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Pathways
Authors: Li Chia-Jung , Tsang Shih-Fang , Tsai Chun-Hao , Tsai Hsin-Yi , Chyuan Jong-Ho , Hsu Hsue-Yin
Published: October 2012

Plants are an invaluable source of potential new anti-cancer drugs.Momordica charantiais one of these plants with both edible and medical value and reported to exhibit anticancer activity. To explore the potential effectiveness ofMomordica charantia, methanol extract ofMomordica charantia(MCME) was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity on four human cancer cell lines, Hone-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells, HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells, and CL1-0 lung adenocarcinoma cells, in this study. MCME showed cytotoxic activity towards all cancer cells tested, with the approximate IC50ranging from 0.25 to 0.35 mg/mL at 24 h. MCME induced cell death was found to be time-dependent in these cells. Apoptosis was demonstrated by DAPI staining and DNA fragmentation analysis using agarose gel electrophoresis. MCME activated caspase-3 and enhanced the cleavage of downstream DFF45 and PARP, subsequently leading to DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. The apoptogenic protein, Bax, was increased, whereas Bcl-2 was decreased after treating for 24 h in all cancer cells, indicating the involvement of mitochondrial pathway in MCME-induced cell death. These findings indicate that MCME has cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells and exhibits promising anti-cancer activity by triggering apoptosis through the regulation of caspases and mitochondria.
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma in a Child with Type I Diabetes and Unrecognised Coeliac Disease
Authors: Sharp Jemima , Pizer Barry , Kokai George , Auth Marcus K. H.
Published: October 2012

Screening for coeliac disease is recommended for children from certain risk groups, with implications for diagnostic procedures and dietetic management. The risk of a malignant complication in untreated coeliac disease is not considered high in children. We present the case of a girl with type I diabetes who developed weight loss, fatigue, and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Four years before, when she was asymptomatic, a screening coeliac tTG test was positive, but gluten was not eliminated from her diet. Based on clinical examination, a duodenal biopsy, and an inguinal lymph node biopsy were performed, which confirmed both coeliac disease and an anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. HLA-typing demonstrated that she was homozygous for HLA-DQ8, which is associated with higher risk for celiac disease, more severe gluten sensitivity, and diabetes susceptibility. She responded well to chemotherapy and has been in remission for over 4 years. She remains on a gluten-free diet. This is the first case reporting the association of coeliac disease, type I diabetes, and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in childhood. The case highlights the malignancy risk in a genetically predisposed individual, and the possible role of a perpetuated immunologic response by prolonged gluten exposure.
A Rare Cause of Acute Pancreatitis: Intramural Duodenal Hematoma
Authors: Goyal Hemant , Singla Umesh , Agrawal Roli R.
Published: October 2012

We describe an interesting case of intramural duodenal hematoma in an otherwise healthy male who presented to emergency room with gradually progressive abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. This condition was missed on initial evaluation and patient was discharged from emergency room with diagnosis of acute gastritis. After 3 days, patient came back to emergency room and abdominal imaging studies were conducted which showed that patient had intramural duodenal hematoma associated with gastric outlet obstruction and pancreatitis. Hematoma was the cause of acute pancreatitis as pancreatic enzymes levels were normal at the time of first presentation, but later as the hematoma grew in size, it caused compression of pancreas and subsequent elevation of pancreatic enzymes. We experienced a case of pancreatitis which was caused by intramural duodenal hematoma. This case was missed on initial evaluation. We suggest that physicians should be more vigilant about this condition.
Fatigue Damage Evolution and Monitoring of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bridge Cable by Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Hu Qian , Ou Jinping
Published: October 2012

Desirable properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites include their high strength, high rigidity, light weight, corrosion free, and fatigue resistance. CFRP composites are popularly applied in bridge engineering structures, but the causes of fatigue damage in CFRP bridges have not been thoroughly investigated. We adopt acoustic emission (AE) technology to monitor fatigue damage and failure of CFRP bridge cables. The relationship between AE signal characteristics and CFRP cable fatigue damage, as well as the pattern of AE signals during a fatigue test, is investigated. Results show that the failure models exhibit matrix and fiber-matrix interface failures at the initial stage of fatigue testing, followed by delamination and fiber rupture. The b value, Kurtosis index, and RA value based on AE characteristic parameters are proposed to describe the different damage stage failure modes. Finally, the failure types of AE waveform are extracted and analyzed using wavelet transformation. The AE technique proved to be a potential means for evaluating the fatigue damage characteristics of CFRP cables.
Radially Symmetric Solutions of
Authors: Troy William C. , Krisner Edward P.
Published: October 2012

We investigate solutions of and focus on the regime and . Our advance is to develop a technique to efficiently classify the behavior of solutions on , their maximal positive interval of existence. Our approach is to transform the nonautonomous equation into an autonomous ODE. This reduces the problem to analyzing the phase plane of the autonomous equation. We prove the existence of new families of solutions of the equation and describe their asymptotic behavior. In the subcritical case there is a well-known closed-form singular solution, , such that as and as . Our advance is to prove the existence of a family of solutions of the subcritical case which satisfies for infinitely many values . At the critical value there is a continuum of positive singular solutions, and a continuum of sign changing singular solutions. In the supercritical regime we prove the existence of a family of “super singular” sign changing singular solutions.
Adaptive Stabilization of the Korteweg‐de Vries‐Burgers Equation with Unknown Dispersion
Authors: Deng Xiaoyan , Tian Lixin , Chen Wenxia
Published: October 2012

This paper studies the adaptive control problem of the Korteweg‐de Vries‐Burgers equation. Using the Lyapunov function method, we prove that the closed‐loop system including the parameter estimator as a dynamic component is globally L2 stable. Furthermore, we show that the state of the system is regulated to zero by developing an alternative to Barbalat′s lemma which cannot be used in the present situation. The closed‐loop system is shown to be well posed.
Canonical Sets of BestL1-Approximation
Authors: Dryanov Dimiter , Petrov Petar
Published: October 2012

In mathematics, the termapproximationusually means either interpolation on a point set or approximation with respect to a given distance. There is a concept, which joins the two approaches together, and this is the concept of characterization of the best approximants via interpolation. It turns out that for some large classes of functions the best approximants with respect to a certain distance can be constructed by interpolation on a point set that does not depend on the choice of the function to be approximated. Such point sets are calledcanonical sets of best approximation. The present paper summarizes results on canonical sets of bestL1-approximation with emphasis on multivariate interpolation and bestL1-approximation by blending functions. The bestL1-approximants are characterized as transfinite interpolants on canonical sets. The notion of a Haar-Chebyshev system in the multivariate case is discussed also. In this context, it is shown that some multivariate interpolation spaces share properties of univariate Haar-Chebyshev systems. We study also the problem of best one-sided multivariateL1-approximation by sums of univariate functions. Explicit constructions of best one-sidedL1-approximants give rise to well-known and new inequalities.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Larynx: A Case Report of Subglottic Localization
Authors: Ramírez-Anguiano Jaqueline , Lara-Sánchez Hugo , Martínez-Baños Deborah , Martínez-Benítez Braulio
Published: October 2012

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare neoplasm of plasma cells, described in soft tissue outside the bone marrow. EMP of the larynx represents 0.04 to 0.45% of malignant tumors of the larynx. A male of 57 years old presented with hoarseness, dyspnea, and biphasic stridor of 2 months. The indirect laryngoscopy (IL) revealed severe edema of the posterior commissure and a polypoid mass in the right posterior lateral subglottic wall. A biopsy of the subglottic mass was performed by a direct laryngoscopy (DL). The histopathologic diagnosis was EMP CD138+, therefore radiotherapy was given at 54 Gy in 30 sessions. The patient had an adequate postoperative clinical course and a new biopsy was performed having tumor-free margins. All laryngeal lesions should be biopsied prior to treatment to determine an accurate diagnosis to guide a proper management of the condition. Radiation therapy to the EMP is considered the treatment of choice, having local control rates of 80% to 100%. The subglottis is the least accessible area of view and the least frequent location of a laryngeal mass, nevertheless the otolaryngologist should always do a complete and systematic exam of the larynx when a tumor is suspected, to detect diagnoses such as a subglottic plasmacytoma.
Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Gastrointestinal Tract: Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ambroggi Massimo , Stroppa Elisa Maria , Mordenti Patrizia , Biasini Claudia , Zangrandi Adriano , Michieletti Emanuele , Belloni Elena , Cavanna Luigi
Published: October 2012

Luminal gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from breast cancer are rare, reports are fragmentary and poor. The purposes of this study are to assess the gastrointestinal involvement from breast cancer in a retrospective study at a single institution and reviewing the related literature. Between January 2007 and December 2011 a total of 980 patients with breast cancer were treated at our institution, patients’ records and report database were analysed. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. A search of the literature using PubMed, CancerLit, Embase, was performed. Selected for the present review were papers published in English before June 2012. Five of 980 patients (0.5%) showed gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer, 3 patients had gastric involvement, 1 jejunum, and 1 rectum. Reviewing the literature, 206 patients affected by gastrointestinal metastasis from breast cancer were identified: the most frequent site of metastasis was the stomach (60%). The majority of the patients underwent chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, someone surgery and radiotherapy. GI metastases from breast cancer are rare, but possible, and a very late recurrence can also occur. Cyto-histological diagnosis is mandatory, to differentiate GI metastases from breast cancer to other diseases and to allow an adequate treatment.
Overexpression of Runt-Related Transcription Factor-2 Is Associated with Advanced Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Li Weiping , Xu Shujuan , Lin Shuang , Zhao Wei
Published: October 2012

Aim. To investigate clinical significance of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX)-2 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Methods. RUNX2 protein expression and its subcellular localization were detected by immunohistochemistry in 116 patients with EOC.Results. RUNX2 protein was predominantly expressed in cell nucleus of EOC tissues. The expression level of RUNX2 in EOC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissues(P<0.001). In addition, the nuclear labeling index (LI) of RUNX2 in tumor cells was significantly associated with the advanced clinical stage of EOC tissues(P=0.001). Moreover, EOC patients with high RUNX2 LI had significantly shorter overall(P<0.001)and progression-free(P=0.002)survival than those with low RUNX2 LI. Especially, subgroup analysis revealed that EOC patients with high clinical stages (III~IV) in high RUNX2 expression group demonstrated a significantly worse clinical outcome than those in low RUNX2 expression group, but patients with low clinical stages (I~II) had no significantly different prognosis between high and low RUNX2 expression groups.Conclusions. Our data suggest for the first time that RUNX2 overexpression is associated with advanced tumor progression and poor clinical outcome of EOC patients. RUNX2 might be a novel prognostic marker of EOC.
Children's Use of Arithmetic Shortcuts: The Role of Attitudes in Strategy Choice
Authors: Robinson Katherine M. , Dubé Adam K.
Published: October 2012

Current models of strategy choice do not account for children's attitudes towards different problem solving strategies. Grade 2, 3, and 4 students solved three sets of three-term addition problems. On inversion problems (e.g., 4 + 8 − 8), if children understand the inverse relation between the operations, no calculations are required. On associativity problems (e.g., 5 + 27 − 23), if children understand the associative relation between the operations, problem solving can be facilitated by performing subtraction before addition. A brief intervention involving demonstrations of different problem solving strategies followed the first problem set. Shortcut use increased after the intervention, particularly for students who preferred shortcuts to the left-to-right algorithm. In the third set, children were given transfer problems (e.g., 8 + 4 − 8, 4 − 8 + 8, 27 + 5 − 23). Shortcut use was similar to first set suggesting that transfer did occur. That shortcut use increased the most for students who had positive attitudes about the shortcuts suggests that attitudes have important implications for subsequent arithmetic performance.
Finite Element Modelling Tuned on Experimental Testing for the Structural Health Assessment of an Ancient Masonry Arch Bridge
Authors: Castellazzi G. , De Miranda S. , Mazzotti C.
Published: October 2012

This paper presents the structural health assessment of a railway ancient masonry arch bridge located in Bologna, Italy. A three‐dimensional finite element model of the entire bridge, tuned on in situ experimental tests, has been used for the assessment. In particular, the finite element model has been employed to evaluate the structural health of the bridge both in its actual state and in the hypothesis of a structural strengthening intervention.
Long-Term Left Ventricular Remodelling in Rat Model of Nonreperfused Myocardial Infarction: Sequential MR Imaging Using a 3T Clinical Scanner
Authors: Saleh Muhammad G. , Sharp Sarah-Kate , Alhamud Alkathafi , Spottiswoode Bruce S. , van der Kouwe Andre J. W. , Davies Neil H. , Franz Thomas , Meintjes Ernesta M.
Published: October 2012

Purpose. To evaluate whether 3T clinical MRI with a small-animal coil and gradient-echo (GE) sequence could be used to characterize long-term left ventricular remodelling (LVR) following nonreperfused myocardial infarction (MI) using semi-automatic segmentation software (SASS) in a rat model.Materials and Methods. 5 healthy rats were used to validate left ventricular mass (LVM) measured by MRI with postmortem values. 5 sham and 7 infarcted rats were scanned at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to allow for functional and structural analysis of the heart. Measurements included ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and LVM. Changes in different regions of the heart were quantified using wall thickness analyses.Results. LVM validation in healthy rats demonstrated high correlation between MR and postmortem values. Functional assessment at 4 weeks after MI revealed considerable reduction in EF, increases in ESV, EDV, and LVM, and contractile dysfunction in infarcted and noninfarcted regions.Conclusion. Clinical 3T MRI with a small animal coil and GE sequence generated images in a rat heart with adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for successful semiautomatic segmentation to accurately and rapidly evaluate long-term LVR after MI.
Quantization Effects on Period Doubling Route to Chaos in a ZAD‐Controlled Buck Converter
Authors: Taborda John Alexander , Burbano Daniel , Angulo Fabiola
Published: October 2012

The quantization effect in transitions to chaos and periodic orbits is analyzed in this paper through a specific application, the zero‐average‐dynamics‐ (ZAD‐) controlled buck power converter. Several papers have studied the quantization effects in the one periodic orbit and some authors have given guidelines to design digitally controlled power converter avoiding limit
cycles. On the other hand many studies have been devoted to analyze the ZAD‐controlled buck power converter, but these past studies did not include hardware considerations. In this paper, analog‐to‐digital conversion process is explicitly introduced in the modeling stage. As the feedback gain is varied, the dynamic behavior depending on the analog‐to‐digital converter resolution is numerically analyzed. Particularly, it is observed that including the quantizer in the model carries out several changes in the transitions to chaos, which include interruption of band‐merging process by cascades of periodic inclusions, disappearing of band transitions, and multiple coexisting of periodic orbits. Many of these phenomena have not been reported as a consequence of the quantization effects.
Malignant Transformation in a Mature Teratoma with Metastatic Deposits in the Omentum: A Case Report
Authors: Mandal Shramana , Badhe Bhawana A.
Published: October 2012

Malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a very rare complication with an incidence of 0.17–2%;. The most common form of malignant transformation of the MCT is squamous cell carcinoma. Other tumors arising in MCT include basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous tumor, malignant melanoma, adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and neuroectodermal tumor. However malignant transformation with metastatic deposits in the omentum is extremely rare. The present case highlights the rarity of the occurrence of an omental deposits in a case of mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation.
Global Stability of a SLIT TB Model with Staged Progression
Authors: Xue Yakui , Wang Xiaohong
Published: October 2012

Because the latent period and the infectious period of tuberculosis (TB) are very long, it is not reasonable to consider the time as constant. So this paper formulates a mathematical model that divides the latent period and the infectious period into n‐stages. For a general n‐stage stage progression (SP) model with bilinear incidence, we analyze its dynamic behavior. First, we give the basic reproduction number R0. Moreover, if R0 ≤ 1, the disease‐free equilibrium P0 is globally asymptotically stable and the disease always dies out. If R0 > 1, the unique endemic equilibrium P∗ is globally asymptotically stable and the disease persists at the endemic equilibrium.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for aBCR-FGFR1Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Presenting as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Haslam Karl , Langabeer Stephen E. , Kelly Johanna , Coen Natasha , O’Connell Niamh M. , Conneally Eibhlin
Published: October 2012

Hematopoietic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNS) with rearrangements of the receptor tyrosine kinaseFGFR1gene, located on chromosome 8p11, are uncommon and associated with diverse presentations such as atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, or an acute T- or B-lymphoblastic leukemia, reflecting the hematopoietic stem cell origin of the disease. A review of MPN patients with the t(8;22) translocation that results in a chimericBCR-FGFR1fusion gene reveals that this disease either presents or rapidly transforms into an acute leukemia that is generally unresponsive to currently available chemotherapeutic regimens including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIS). The first case of a rareBCR-FGFR1MPN presenting in a B-acute lymphoblastic phase who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a subsequent sustained complete molecular remission is described. Allogeneic HSCT is currently the only available therapy capable of achieving long-term remission inBCR-FGFR1MPN patients.
Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracies of Various Endoscopic Examination Techniques for Evaluating the Invasion Depth of Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Haruki Satomi , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Yokoyama Kaoru , Sada Miwa , Koizumi Wasaburo
Published: October 2012

This study was designed to assess the clinical value of magnifying endoscopy combined with EUS for estimating the invasion depth of colorectal tumors. We studied 168 colorectal adenomas and carcinomas that were sequentially examined by conventional endoscopy followed by magnifying endoscopy and EUS in the same session to evaluate invasion depth. Endoscopic images obtained by each technique were reassessed by 3 endoscopists to determine whether endoscopic resection (adenoma, mucosal cancer, or submucosal cancer with slight invasion) or colectomy (submucosal cancer with massive invasion or advanced cancer) was indicated. The accuracy of differential diagnosis was compared among the examination techniques. The rate of correct differential diagnosis according to endoscopic examination technique was similar. The proportion of lesions that were difficult to diagnose was significantly higher for EUS (15.5%) than for conventional endoscopy and magnifying endoscopy. Among lesions that could be diagnosed, the rate of correct differential diagnosis was the highest for EUS (89.4%), but did not significantly differ among three endoscopic examination techniques. When it is difficult to evaluate the invasion depth of colorectal tumors on conventional endoscopy alone, the combined use of different examination techniques such as EUS may enhance diagnostic accuracy in some lesions.
Effects of Kalsis, A Dietary Supplement, on Bone Metabolism in the Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Montero Mercedes , Díaz-Curiel Manuel , Guede David , Caeiro Jose Ramón , Martín-Fernández Marta , Rubert Mercedes , Navarro Daisy , de la Piedra Concepción
Published: October 2012

We studied the ability of Kalsis, a food supplement that contains selenium, citric acid, and vitamin E, to prevent the effects of ovariectomy on bone loss. Six-month-old, Wistar female rats were studied. Groups (n=12): SHAM: sham-operated rats; OVX: ovariectomized rats, treated with vehicle; OVX + Kalsis: ovariectomized rats treated with Kalsis (25 mg/kg/day) for 3 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by DXA in lumbar spine and femur. Computerized microtomography (μCT) in femur and serum osteocalcin (BGP), aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen I (PINP),β-isomer of carboxyterminal telopeptide of collagen I (CTX), and 5b isoenzyme of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were performed. Treatment with Kalsis prevented BMD loss in OVX group.μCT showed a decrease in BV/TV, and trabecular number, and an increase in trabecular separation in OVX rats. Kalsis administration attenuated partially bone loss observed byμCT due to ovariectomy. BGP, PINP, and the resorption index (CTX/TRAP) were increased in OVX group. Treatment with Kalsis maintained this increase. The mechanism of action of this supplement is not through a decrease in bone remodelling rate. The antioxidant action of this food supplement, due to the synergism of all its components, as a cause of its beneficial effect is suggested.
Retrograde Instillation of Methylene Blue in the Difficult Diagnosis of BPF
Authors: Ravenna F. , Feo C. , Calia N. , Avoscan C. , Barbetta C. , Cavallesco G. N.
Published: October 2012

We report two cases in which we were able to diagnose bronchopleural fistula through retrograde methylene blue instillation during bronchoscopy. In the first case, methylene blue was injected through an abdominal drain, followed by air instillation and detected in the left bronchial tree, demonstrating the presence of a fistula in the lingula’s bronchus. In the second case, methylene blue was injected into a pleural drain, through a breach on a surgical suture and detected in the right bronchial tree, demonstrating the presence of a fistula in the right inferior bronchus. The retrograde instillation of methylene blue, through a drain in the abdomen or the thoracic wall, is a safe, cheap, and practical method that allows the bronchoscopist to identify the presence of a fistula and, more importantly, to identify the exact point on the bronchial tree where a fistula is located. This provides the possibility of sealing the fistula with a variety of devices. It is our opinion that this procedure should be considered a primary method of diagnosis when a bronchopleural fistula is suspected and a drain on the thoracic or abdominal wall is positioned such that effusions are able to drain.
Asymptotic Stability of a Class of Impulsive Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Zhang G. L. , Song M. H. , Liu M. Z.
Published: October 2012

This paper is concerned with a class of linear impulsive delay differential equations. Asymptotic stability of analytic solutions of this kind of equations is studied by the property of delay
differential equations without impulsive perturbations. New numerical methods for this kind
of equations are constructed. The convergence and asymptotic stability of the methods
for this kind of equations are studied.
Placenta Percreta at 17 Weeks with Consecutive Hysterectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gupta Natasha , Gupta Anu , Green Marlene , Kang Hyung Shik , Blankstein Josef
Published: October 2012

Placenta percreta in early pregnancy is an extremely rare but life-threatening complication, for which very few cases have been reported in the literature worldwide, none from the United States. We report a patient with two previous cesarean deliveries, who presented with incomplete abortion at 17 weeks and underwent dilatation and curettage. She was found to have retained, adherent placenta that led to extensive hemorrhage, requiring emergency supracervical hysterectomy. Postoperative course was also complicated by severe consumption coagulopathy, necessitating reexploration after hysterectomy. Pathology revealed a placenta percreta. Patient lost more than 8000 cc blood through the 2 surgeries, received massive transfusions due to severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and underwent a complicated surgery because of great difficulty in separating lower uterine segment and cervix from the bladder. Abnormal placentation in early pregnancy has increased in prevalence due to marked rise in cesarean deliveries and curettages in recent decades. We reviewed all reported cases of first and second trimester placenta percreta in the literature, to emphasize the early recognition of abnormal placentations in patients with risk factors, consider prenatal evaluation in such patients, anticipate complicated placental implantations during termination procedures, and prevent associated maternal morbidity and mortality.
A Patient Developed Painful Muscle Cramps due to Overeating Mangos
Authors: Abe Kazuo
Published: October 2012

A 79-year-old woman had a habit to eat a mango every night before sleep and experienced muscle cramps during sleep. Her muscle cramps may be resulted from potassium overload due to overeating mangos.
Combined Cutaneous Sarcoma: Pleomorphic Liposarcoma and Conventional Osteosarcoma—The So-Called Malignant Mesenchymoma
Authors: Parada David , Peña Karla B.
Published: October 2012

Malignant mesenchymoma is combined soft tissue tumors of mesenchymal origin. Cutaneous combined sarcomas are exceedingly rare. We report the case of an 81-year-old woman who presented a left cutaneous mass. She underwent a wide local excision. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were consistent with the diagnosis of combined pleomorphic liposarcoma and conventional osteosarcoma (malignant mesenchymoma). Although it is extremely rare, this case suggests that combined sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic neoplasms.
Are Primo Vessels (PVs) on the Surface of Gastrointestine Involved in Regulation of Gastric Motility Induced by Stimulating Acupoints ST36 or CV12?
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Shi Hong , Shang Hongyan , Su Yangshuai , Xin Juanjuan , He Wei , Jing Xianghong , Zhu Bing
Published: October 2012

Previous studies showed primo vessels (PVs), which were referred to as Bonhan ducts (BHDs) and a part of circulatory system by Kim, located in different places of the body. The BHDs system was once considered as the anatomical basis of classical acupuncture meridian but not clearly identified by other investigators. In the present study, we tried to address the relationship between PVs and meridians through detecting the modulation of gastric motility by stimulating the PVs on the surface of stomach or intestine, as well as acupoints Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12). The results showed electric stimulation of the PVs had no effect on the gastric motility. While stimulating CV12 inhibited gastric motility significantly in PVs-intact and PVs-cut rats, there is no significant difference between the inhibition rate of the PVS-intact and the PVS-cut rats. Stimulating at ST36 increased gastric motility significantly in both the PVs-intact and the PVs-cut rats, yet there was no significant difference between the facilitation rate of the both groups. Taken together, the PVs on the surface of stomach or intestine did not mediate the regulation of gastric motility induced by stimulating at the acupoints ST36 or CV12.
Therapeutic Potential of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Purandare Chaitanya , Shitole D. G. , Belle Vaijayantee , Kedari Aarti , Bora Neeta , Joshi Meghnad
Published: October 2012

Background. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a severe disabling disease with worldwide incidence being 2 to 3 per 1000 live births. CP was considered as a noncurable, nonreparative disorder, but stem cell therapy offers a potential treatment for CP.Objective. The present study evaluates the safety and efficacy of autologous bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMMNCs) transplantation in CP patient.Material and Methods. In the present study, five infusions of autologous stem cells were injected intrathecally. Changes in neurological deficits and improvements in function were assessed using Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS-E&R) scale.Results. Significant motor, sensory, cognitive, and speech improvements were observed. Bowel and bladder control has been achieved. On the GMFCS-E&R level, the patient was promoted from grade III to I.Conclusion. In this study, we report that intrathecal infusion of autologous BMMNCs seems to be feasible, effective, and safe with encouraging functional outcome improvements in CP patient.
On t‐Derivations of BCI‐Algebras
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Al-roqi Abdullah M.
Published: October 2012

We introduce the notion of t‐derivation of a BCI‐algebra and investigate related properties. Moreover, we study t‐derivations in a p‐semisimple BCI‐algebra and establish some results on t‐derivations in a p‐semisimple BCI‐algebra.
Use and Indications of Human Acellular Dermis in Ventral Hernia Repair at a Community Hospital
Authors: Hope William W. , Griner Devan , Adams Ashley , Hooks W. Borden , Clancy Thomas V.
Published: October 2012

Background. To evaluate the use, indications, and short-term outcomes for human acellular dermis. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed patients having human acellular dermis placed for ventral hernia repair from January 2008 through October 2009. Demographic information, operative details, and outcomes of patients with and without recurrences were compared; a P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results. 115 patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 60 years (range, 24–89). The technique of repair included primary repair with overlay of mesh in 76%, bridge repair in 13%, and underlay in 11%. Average cost of mesh per operation was $3,709 (range $191–10,630). Open repairs were performed in 90% of patients with addition of component separation in 12%. At an average of 13 months, 58 patients were available for followup (50%), with a 47% recurrence rate. The morbidity rate was 48% and the mortality rate was 2%. Technique of repair was the only significant risk factor for recurrence with bridge repairs associated with a higher rate of recurrence (). Conclusions. The use of biologic grafts for ventral hernia repair is becoming more popular especially in clean cases. Although followup is limited, there remains a high recurrence rate associated with the use of human acellular dermis.
Multimodal Imaging in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Gusman Mariya , Servaes Sabah , Feygin Tamara , Degenhardt Karl , Epelman Monica
Published: October 2012

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which benign hamartomas develop in multiple organ systems. Increasingly, stigmata of the disease, such as cardiac rhabdomyomas, are detected on routine prenatal ultrasound. Such a finding should prompt additional imaging studies in order to confirm diagnosis and to identify potential complications, which vary greatly from patient to patient. Early diagnosis allows for accurate parental counseling, coordination of high-level perinatal care, and subspecialty followup. We present a case of TSC in utero wherein access to and use of multiple imaging modalities confirmed diagnosis and allowed the patient to receive optimal care prior to birth.
Frontotemporal Dementia, Manifested as Schizophrenia, with Decreased Heterochromatin on Chromosome 1
Authors: Gourzis Philippos , Skokou Maria , Polychronopoulos Panagiotis , Soubasi Evanthia , Triantaphyllidou Irene-Eva , Aravidis Christos , Sarela Antonia-Ioanna , Kosmaidou Zoe
Published: October 2012

Introduction. Frontotemporal dementia is a disorder of complex etiology, with genetic components contributing to the disease. The aim of this report is to describe a young patient suffering from frontotemporal dementia, misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, related to a genetic defect on chromosome 1.Case Presentation. A 29-year-old female patient, previously diagnosed as having schizophrenia, was hospitalized with severe behavioural disturbances. She demonstrated severe sexual disinhibition, hyperphagia, lack of motivation, apathy, psychotic symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and cognitive deterioration. Focal atrophy of frontal and anterior temporal structures bilaterally was found on brain MRI, as well as bifrontal hypo perfusion of the brain on SPECT scan. The diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia was made clinically, according to Lund and Manchester groups and Neary diagnostic criteria. Chromosomal analysis was conducted and revealed decrease in length of heterochromatin on the long arm of chromosome 1 (46, XX, 1qh-). Parental karyotypes were normal.Discussion. Frontotemporal dementia, and particularly early-onset cases, can be often misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, with negative impact on case management. Genetic testing could be an aid to the correct diagnosis, which is crucial for optimal patient care.
The Phenotype of Circulating Follicular-Helper T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Defines CD200 as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Chakera Aron , Bennett Sophia C. , Morteau Olivier , Bowness Paul , Luqmani Raashid A. , Cornall Richard J.
Published: October 2012

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting synovial joints in which the development of autoantibodies represents a failure of normal tolerance mechanisms, suggesting a role for follicular helper T cells (TFH) in the genesis of autoimmunity. To determine whether quantitative or qualitative abnormalities in the circulatingTFHcell population exist, we analysed by flow cytometry the number and profile of these cells in 35 patients with RA and 15 matched controls. Results were correlated with patient characteristics, including the presence of autoantibodies, disease activity, and treatment with biologic agents. CirculatingTFHcells from patients with RA show significantly increased expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily receptor CD200, with highest levels seen in seropositive patients (P=0.0045) and patients treated with anti-TNFαagents (P=0.0008). This occurs in the absence of any change inTFHnumbers or overt bias towards Th1, Th2, or Th17 phenotypes. CD200 levels did not correlate with DAS28 scores (P=0.887). Although the number of circulatingTFHcells is not altered in the blood of patients with RA, theTFHcells have a distinct phenotype. These differences associateTFHcells with the pathogenesis of RA and support the relevance of the CD200/CD200R signalling pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
The “Reverse” Latissimus Dorsi Flap for Large Lower Lumbar Defect
Authors: Kotti Bouraoui , Jaidane Olfa , Ben Hassouna Jamel , Rahal Khaled
Published: October 2012

The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is one of the most common flaps used in plastic surgery based on its dominant thoracodorsal pedicle as well as free tissue transfer. The “distally based” or “reverse” fashion design has been used to repair myelomeningoceles, congenital diaphragmatic agenesis, or thoracolumbar defects. We present a case of a large lumbar defect after cancer resection covered by a combined tegument solution starring the “reverse” LD flap in its muscular version with a cutaneous gluteal flap. This flap is a safe and reliable way to cover large distal lumbar defect.
Matroidal Structure of Rough Sets from the Viewpoint of Graph Theory
Authors: Tang Jianguo , She Kun , Zhu William
Published: October 2012

Constructing structures with other mathematical theories is an important research field of rough sets. As one mathematical theory on sets, matroids possess a sophisticated structure. This paper builds a bridge between rough sets and matroids and establishes the matroidal structure of rough sets. In order to understand intuitively the relationships between these two theories, we study this problem from the viewpoint of graph theory. Therefore, any partition of the universe can be represented by a family of complete graphs or cycles. Then two different kinds of matroids are constructed and some matroidal characteristics of them are discussed, respectively. The lower and the upper approximations are formulated with these matroidal characteristics. Some new properties, which have not been found in rough sets, are obtained. Furthermore, by defining the concept of lower approximation number, the rank function of some subset of the universe and the approximations of the subset are connected. Finally, the relationships between the two types of matroids are discussed, and the result shows that they are just dual matroids.
Liquid‐Liquid Extraction/Low‐Temperature Purification (LLE/LTP) Followed by Dispersive Solid‐Phase Extraction (d‐SPE) Cleanup for Multiresidue Analysis in Palm Oil by LC‐QTOF‐MS
Authors: Sobhanzadeh Elham , Nemati Keivan
Published: October 2012

An evaluation of the extraction of multiresidue pesticides from palm oil by liquid‐liquid extraction/low‐temperature purification (LLE/LTP) coupled with dispersive solid‐phase extraction (d‐SPE) as the cleanup procedure with the determination by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using electrospray as the ionization source (LC‐ESI‐MS) was carried out. Optimization approaches were studied in terms of d‐SPE to select efficiency of type and mass of adsorbents to obtain the highest recovery yield of pesticides and the lowest coextract fat residues in the final extract. The optimal conditions of d‐SPE were obtained using 3 g of palm oil, 4 g anhydrous MgSO4, 150 mg of PSA, and 50 mg of GCB (PSA: GCB (3 : 1 w/w)). Recovery study was performed at three concentration levels (25, 50, and 100 ng kg−1), yielding recovery rates between 71.8 and 112.4% except diuron with relative standard deviations of 3.2–15.1%. Detection and quantification limits were lower than 2.7 and 8.2 ng kg−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of market‐purchased palm oil samples from two different brands collected in Kuala Lumpur, showing its potential applicability and revealing the presence of some of the target species in the ng g−1 range.
‘a’-Position-Mutated and G4-Mutated Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Proteins of Newcastle Disease Virus Impair Fusion and Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase-Fusion Interaction by Different Mechanisms
Authors: Chu Fu-lu , Wen Hong-ling , Zhang Wen-qiang , Lin Bin , Zhang Yan , Sun Cheng-xi , Ren Gui-jie , Song Yan-yan , Wang Zhiyu
Published: October 2012

Objectives: To determine the effects of heptad repeat regions (HRs) and N-linked carbohydrate sites of the Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein on fusion of HN and fusion (F) proteins and HN-F interaction. Methods: We mutated six ‘a’ residues in the HRs and four asparagines in N-linked carbohydrate sites to alanine in the HN protein. A vaccinia-T7 RNA polymerase expression system was used to express HN cDNAs in BHK-21 cells to determine the HN functions. Deglycosylation was treated with PGNase F digestion. The formation of HN-F protein complexes was determined by the coimmunoprecipitation assay. Results: Each HR-mutated protein interfered with fusion and the HN-F interaction. The G4-mutated protein not only impaired fusion and HN-F interaction but also decreased activities in cell fusion promotion, hemadsorption and neuraminidase. Conclusions: It is assumed that two different mechanisms for mutations in these two regions are responsible for the decreased fusion promotion activity and the reduced ability of interaction with F protein. Mutations in the HRs impair fusion and HN-F interaction by altering the transmission of a signal from the globular domain to the F-specific region in the stalk, but the G4 mutation modulates fusion and HN-F interaction by the misfolding of some important structures.
Exocyst Sec10 Is Involved in Basolateral Protein Translation and Translocation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Choi Soo Young , Fogelgren Ben , Zuo Xiaofeng , Huang Liwei , McKenna Sarah , Lingappa Vishwanath R. , Lipschutz Joshua H.
Published: October 2012

Background: Protein translation and translocation at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are the first steps in the secretory pathway. The translocon through which newly made proteins are translocated into or across the RER membrane consists of three main subunits: Sec61α, -β, and -γ. Sec61β facilitates translocation, and we and others have shown that the highly conserved eight-protein exocyst complex interacts with Sec61β. We have also shown that the exocyst is involved in basolateral, not apical, protein synthesis and delivery. Recently, however, exocyst involvement in apical protein delivery has been reported. Furthermore, we have shown that the exocyst is necessary for formation of primary cilia, organelles found on the apical surface. Methods: GST pulldown was performed on lysate of renal tubule cells to investigate biochemical interactions. Cell-free assays consisting of cell-free extracts from rabbit reticulocytes, pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) microsomal membranes, transcripts of cDNA from apical and basolateral proteins, ATP/GTP, amino acids, and 35S-methionine for protein detection were used to investigate the role of the exocyst in synthesis of polarized proteins. P32-orthophosphate and immunoprecipitation with antibody against Sec61β was used to investigate Sec61β phosphorylation in exocyst Sec10-overexpressing cells. Results: Sec10 biochemically interacts with Sec61β using GST pulldown. Using cell-free assays, there is enhanced exocyst recruitment to endoplasmic reticulum membranes following exocyst depletion and basolateral G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus protein translation, compared to apical hemagglutinin of influenza virus protein translation. Finally, Sec10 overexpression increases Sec61β phosphorylation. Conclusion: These data confirm that the exocyst is preferentially involved in basolateral protein translation and translocation, and may well act through the phosphorylation of Sec61β.