bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing class-imbalanced classification problems by triangular region pre-sampling and a differential evolution resampling
Authors: Li Min , Wang Yong , Deng Shaobo , Wang Lei
Published: April 2024

The problem of imbalanced data classification is a prominent and challenging research topic in the field of data mining and machine learning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and its variants are widely adopted methods for addressing imbalanced data training. However, the performance of SMOTE and its variants can be affected by noise. Additionally, most existing techniques used to handle noise in SMOTE variants involve directly deleting noisy samples, which may lead to class re-imbalance and deviation of the decision boundary. Furthermore, SMOTE and its variants do not guarantee the diversity of synthetic samples. Motivated by these limitations, this study aims to propose a novel oversampling method named TRPS-DER to tackle class-imbalanced classification problems. TRPS-DER utilizes triangular region pre-sampling for synthesizing minority class samples and employs differential evolution resampling for filtering out noise. The primary advantage of TRPS-DER include that (a) it generates minority class samples by interpolation of triangular region, thereby augmenting diversity of synthesize samples; and (b) it employs differential evolution for resampling generated samples, effectively filtering out noise and improving classification performance. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that TRPS-DER significantly outperforms other competitive SMOTE-based oversampling methods across 24 imbalanced datasets in terms of Gmean, BACC, AUC.
Laser Debonding of ultrathin occlusal veneers fabricated from different CAD/CAM ceramic materials.
Authors: Sheikh Nourhan El , Sattar Ghada Abdel , Wahsh Marwa
Published: April 2024

Background
Erbium lasers were used to debond restorations safely offering the possibility of their re-use. Since these lasers have a high affinity for water molecules, they are absorbed by resin cement explosive ablation of the cement and thus the restoration debonds. The efficiency of this process depends on many factors including the ceramic type, its chemical composition and thickness. Therefore, this study was designed to test the time taken to debond ultrathin occlusal veneers made of three types of milled ceramic materials and evaluate the integrity of these restorations after debonding.
Methods
three ceramic types were evaluated in this study: Lithium disilicate (IPS Emax CAD), Highly condensed lithium disilicate (GC initial®LiSi), and translucent zirconia (Katana zirconia STML). Each group consisted of 8 occlusal veneers of 0.5 mm thickness. Samples were cemented to the occlusal surfaces of upper molar teeth. Er;Cr:YSGG laser was applied to the occlusal veneers using the scanning method and time was calculated till debonding. The debonded samples were then inspected under a stereo microscope for possible damage. Numerical data were presented as mean with 95% confidence intervals (CI), standard deviation (SD), minimum (min.) and maximum (max.) values. Normality and variance homogeneity assumptions were confirmed using Shapiro-Wilk's and Levene's tests respectively. Data were normally distributed and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 within all tests. Statistical analysis was performed with R statistical analysis software version 4.3.2 for Windows[1].
Results
There was no significant difference in debonding time between different materials (p = 0.995). The longest debonding time was found in Katana STML (87.52 ± 20.45) (seconds), followed by Emax (86.94 ± 20.63) (seconds), while the lowest value was found at LiSi initial (86.14 ± 25.16) (seconds). In terms of damage to the debonded veneers, The Emax and zirconia samples showed no damage. However, 40% of the LiSi samples fractured during debonding, and 20% exhibited cracks. Only 40% of the LiSi samples were sound after debonding.
Conclusion
Er;Cr:YSGG laser can be used efficiently to remove ceramic occlusal veneers. However, its effect on LiSi restorations needs further research.
A Personalized Cancer Drug Recommendation System with Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Jianyu , He Yu , Li Junfeng
Published: April 2024

The patient’s gene sequence provides valuable information for clinical medication. In practice, there are many different types of data on genes but they are not fully utilized. There are different mutation genes in different cases of cancer, in which there are correlations between them. The gene-based drug recommendation system can be used as an auxiliary tool for clinicians. However, the performance of existing models is not up to the standard of clinical application. In this context, we intend to propose a better-performance drug recommendation system.We propose a multi-kernel ranking learning drug recommendation model, which uses multi-kernel learning methods to extract features from multimodal data and to rank drugs by learning the correlation between different data. Our model achieves performance improvements, especially in the case of simulated clinical sparsity; also has the flexibility to incorporate more multimodal data, which can further optimize the model for potential translation to clinical applications. Despite the limited data used to train and test regression models, model performance was found to be improved. MKRL model can use multimodal data to continuously add to the model for training, and our drug recommendation effect is better than other recommendation models.
CTWS: A Crowd-Powered Framework for Scheduling Decomposable Complex-Tasks
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Pandey Sarvesh
Published: April 2024

A crowdsourcing framework involves a pool of workers competing to solve a distributed task posted by a requester on a crowdsourcing platform. Each worker divides a decomposable task (i.e., a complex distributed task) into multiple subtasks, considering their uniqueness, and shares such decomposition with the platform. It is challenging for a requester to map an optimal worker set with a decomposable task, ensuring a cost-effective solution. We present the Complex-Task Worker-Set (CTWS) method to address this challenge. The algorithm optimizes the solution cost of a decomposable task and reduces the computation time of selecting different workers. This paper discusses a model integrated with CTWS of a crowdsourcing environment where workers and requester(s) work together through the crowdsourcing platform. We use an aging technique, which plays a crucial role in tie-break when an ambiguity arises to select the best path among a set of solution paths. Thereafter, the optimized solution is provided to the requesters based on the requester's constraints and requirements. The results confirm the effectiveness of the CTWS against the state-of-the-art.
First-principles and deep learning frameworks to predict the electronic and magnetic properties of V-doped SiC nanotube
Authors: Roy Debarati , Guluzade Sevinj , Jafarova Vusala
Published: April 2024

In this study based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Local Spin Density Approximation (LDA) methods within Hubbard U corrections have been theoretically studied electronic and magnetic properties of single wall silicon carbide nanotube doped by vanadium. These properties were simulated for cases that single or double silicon atoms of the SiC nanotube replaced with V atoms. Using Deep Learning (DL) Algorithms are the boon to provide prediction of quantum-confined electronic structure calculations, however first-principles simulation methods more accurate. ML based regression model shows the accuracy and prediction model for the quantum-confined nanotube. Among the various neural network algorithms, tri-layered and medium neural netwok algorithms provide more accuracy and less error rate for this molecular nanotube. The comparison between ML based approach and DFT based procedure reveals the similarity and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The first-principles calculated energy spin-up and spin-down band gap values for single wall chiral (6,0) SiC:V nanotube systems are about of 0.6 and 1.4 eV, respectively. Although the undoped SiC system is a nonmagnetic, the V-doped SiC nanotube induces magnetism and total magnetic moment of this magnetic material equal to ~ 1.001 µB. Density of states calculations indicated that the magnetization of SiC:V single wall nanotube mainly come from the 2p orbitals of carbon atoms and 3d orbitals of V dopant. From the total energy calculations for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases for V-doped SiCNT systems obtained that the ferromagnetic phase more stable.
Expression profiling, biochemical and histochemical analysis of contrasting cultivars provide insight into resistance against white rust disease (Albugo candida) in Brassica juncea L
Authors: Rai Prajwal , Prasad Lakshman , Mehta Samridhi , Yadav Prashant , Sharma Anubhuti , Mishra Deep Narayan
Published: April 2024

Background
White rust disease caused by the biotrophic oomycete Albugo candida is one of the most serious impediments in realizing the production potential of Brassica juncea. Moreover, due to the obligate nature of the pathogen, R-gene-based resistance is unstable as the newer virulent races emerge quickly. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of resistance is essential for developing durable resistant varieties. In this study, we selected susceptible cultivar, ‘Pusa Jaikisan’ and its single R-gene-based resistant NIL, ‘Pusa Jaikisan WRR’ for elucidating the defense mechanism in B. juncea against A. candida.
Results
Comparative histochemical analysis at 12 dpi showed higher callose deposition in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible cultivar which hints towards its possible role in defense mechanism. Based on the biochemical markers observation, total protein was found to have a negative correlation with the resistance. The antioxidant enzymes (POX, CAT, and SOD) and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging compounds such as polyphenols and proline showed a positive correlation with the white rust resistance. The PPO, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids were also found to show higher activity in the ‘Pusa Jaikisan WRR’. According to the heat map analysis, PAL was identified to be the most induced enzyme involved in the defense mechanism. Furthermore, the expression analyses of defense related markers such as salicylic acid (SA) associated PR protein genes (PR1 and PR2) and jasmonic acid (JA) associated PR protein genes (PR3 and PR12) were done by qRT-PCR. Based on the results, PR2 emerged as the best possible gene for defense against A. candida followed by PR1. PR3 and PR12 also showed positive correlation with the disease resistance which may be due to the JA pathway acting complementary to the SA pathway, thus indicating a synergistic JA-SA hormonal crosstalk in case of B. juncea-A. candida interaction.
Conclusion
The present study establishes a major role of simulated response of the defense molecules which can stop the disease progression thus incurring resistance. This may be used in the future for developing resistance against the biotrophic pathogen especially A. candida in B. juncea.
Preparation and Electrochemical Stabilities Study of Graphene/Polyaniline Composites with Polylactic Acid as Biodegradable Adhesive
Authors: Liang Huimin , Lin Tong , Li Jianzhong
Published: April 2024

Conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) is a hot research topic in pseudocapacitor electrode materials due to its advantages of low preparation cost and high specific capacitance. In this work, PANI and graphene/polyaniline composites (Gr/PANI) were prepared by in-situ chemical polymerization. Biodegradable polymer polylactic acid (PLA), as adhensive of electrode material for supercapacitor was used to replace the traditional adhensive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by SEM and FTIR. Electrochemical behavior was performed by galvanostrotic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic voltamphe (CV). Results showed PANI compounded with 50 mg graphene (P-50) exhibit excellent electrochemical behavior. The specific capacitance of P-50/PVDF (348.1 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g) was 27.8% higher than that of undoped PANI. The specific capacitance maintance of P-50/PLA (71.1% content) was 14.4% less than that of P-50/PVDF (85.5%) after 500 number cycles. In addition, the influence of PLA degradation of 90 days on the electrochemical performance of electrode material was studied. Results showed that the specific capacitance at 1 A/g current density decreased from 232.2 F/g to 166.8 F/g after 90 days, compared with that with PVDF from 303 F/g to 274 F/g, The reduction was 18.5%, and it revealed that the PLA may be used in energy storage devices as degradable adhesive.
Triple oxygen isotope evidence for the pathway of nitrous oxide production in a forested soil with increased emission on rainy days
Authors: Ding Weitian , Tsunogai Urumu , Sambuichi Takashi , Ruan Wenhua , Ito Masanori , Xu Hao , Kim Yongwon , Nakagawa Fumiko
Published: April 2024

Continuous increases in atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O) are a global concern. Both nitrification and denitrification are major pathways of N2O production in soil, which is one of the most important sources of tropospheric N2O. The 17O excess (Δ17O) of N2O can be a promising tracer for identifying the main pathway of N2O production in soil. However, reports on Δ17O values are limited. Thus, we determined temporal variations in the Δ17O of N2O emitted from forested soil for more than one year and that of soil nitrite (NO2−), which is a possible source of O atoms in N2O. We found that N2O emitted from the soil exhibited significantly higher Δ17O values on rainy days (+0.12±0.13 ‰) than on fine days (−0.30±0.09 ‰) and that the emission flux of N2O was significantly higher on rainy days (38.8±28.0 μg N m−2 h−1) than on fine days (3.8±3.1 μg N m−2 h−1). Because the Δ17O values of N2O emitted on rainy and fine days were close to those of soil NO2− (+0.23±0.12 ‰) and O2 (−0.44 ‰), we concluded that although nitrification was the main pathway of N2O production in the soil on fine days, denitrification became active on rainy days, resulting in a significant increase in the emission flux of N2O. This study reveals that the main pathway of N2O production can be identified by precisely determining the Δ17O values of N2O emission from soil and by comparing the Δ17O values with those of NO2−, O2, and H2O in the soil.
Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones and Artificial Recharge Structures Using Rmote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Bichhiya River Basin, India
Authors: Tiwari Rabindra Nath , Tiwari Pushpendra , Mishra Ashish Kumar , Kushwaha Vikash Kumar
Published: April 2024

Water plays a crucial role in the functioning of modern, developed and developing society, is essential for sustenance of life. Proper water resource management and protection are brought difficulties by population increase, rising demand on water and land resources due to competitive consumption, and degradation of restricted water resources in many regions of the world. Besides adequate rainfall, the study area experiences a water shortage for drinking and irrigation throughout the summer months. To address these issue groundwater potential zones of the study area has been carried out. Groundwater potential zones are delineated using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The purpose of study was to delineate groundwater potential zones in Bichhiya river sub basin, Central India and to find the relevant aspects that influence the availability of groundwater resources. The study examined the impact of seven factors on groundwater recharge, including geology, geomorphology, land use and land cover, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and soil type. Spatially distributed maps/thematic layers of all the aforementioned criteria were constructed in a GIS context utilizing both remotely sensed and ground truth data. The weights and characteristics of the thematic layers were then normalized using the AHP approach. Groundwater potential zones are delineated and interpreted according to appropriate assigned weights; the zones are divided into high (29.25%), moderate (55.80%) and low (14.94%) groundwater potential zones. The results reflect that geospatial approaches may be important tools for planning and managing surface and subsurface water resources. The outcome of the research work is validated by randomly picking 50 dug wells from the study area using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) value of the data comes 0.821 indicating better accuracy of the result. These findings will help researchers and stakeholders to locate appropriate locations with the potential for groundwater. To manage groundwater resources, numerous artificial recharge structures are proposed. Overall, the results show that remote sensing and GIS have the potential to be significant tools for better planning and management of the water resources of the area. This is a reliable strategy for investigating groundwater resources in inaccessible places which might be used to manage groundwater resources more effectively.
Study of the radiological evaluation of corona and its complications in Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid)
Authors: Arok Osama , Okasha Mohammad , khattab Khalid
Published: April 2024

Background
Computed tomography plays an important role in diagnosing and following up cases of COVID-19 infection and its complications, as current guidelines indicate the use of high-resolution computed tomography in patients with COVID-19 thanks to its high accuracy in detecting lung changes in viral pneumonia, and to rule out other causes. For pneumonia.
Methods and Materials:
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid), by referring to the records and files of Corona patients admitted to the hospital during the peak of the first Corona infection in the Syrian Arab Republic during a period of 5 months from the first month of 2020 AD until the fifth month in The second peak in 2021 AD, from month 5 to month 8. The study included 225 patients out of 286 patients who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria.
Results
The percentage of infiltrates on plain chest CT, segmental infiltrates, and hemipectoral shadow were 8.7%, 26.2%, and 2.09%, respectively. Radiological signs on CT in our study: ground glass densities in 95%, pulmonary condensation syndrome in 86%. Tile sign 75%, pulmonary caverns 5%, pulmonary nodules forming in the center of the lobule 7%, tree bud view 9%, thickening of interlobular occlusions 16%, perilobular densities 25%, reticular infiltrates 16%, phlegmon nodular hyperplasia 20%, pleural effusion 3%.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed human routines and the healthcare sector, and it is essential for radiologists to be aware of the basic clinical and radiological aspects of COVID-19.
Implementation and comparison of two exemplary algorithms for stressbiased topology optimization
Authors: Kowalski Damian
Published: April 2024

The topology optimization of isotropic mechanical systems made of homogeneous materials is of constant interest to scientists worldwide. However, owing to the complexity of this issue, the optimization of nonhomogeneous (composite) systems is slightly less popular. The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of two such representative methods and their implementation in MATLAB. In addition, these methods have been modified to accelerate the convergence of calculations and achieve convergence. Some modifications were also made to reduce the number of input parameters. Finally, both implementations are compared on the basis of several practical application examples, and conclusions are drawn from the analysis. The analysis showed that first method, although simple, is not useful in many practical problems because the rejection of mixed finite elements (i.e. elements with principal stresses of opposite signs) often prevents obtaining convergence. Method two, on the other hand, proved to be robust and easily adjustable for obtaining optimal topologies.
Consumer protection regarding stablecoins
Authors: Denk Lucas
Published: April 2024

Virtual currencies have gained popularity as part of the digital transformation of the financial system. In particular stablecoins are becoming increasingly popular with consumers. The tokens, which are pegged to a value and - according to their name - promise price stability, pose significant risks from which consumers need to be protected. This article focuses first on consumerspecific risks (B.) and German consumer protection law and in particular on the applicability of a right of withdrawal from the acquisition of stablecoins (C.). Subsequently, the EU legislator’s effort to minimize price stability as well as transparency and exchangeability risks, the Markets in Crypto-assets Regulation (2023/1114), is examined in terms of its consumer protection instruments (D.).
Klima-Proteste, strafrechtliche Rechtfertigung und Unrechtsbewusstsein
Authors: Kupczik Philipp , Wenglarczyk Fynn
Published: April 2024

Der Beitrag knüpft an die vergangenes Jahr intensiv geführte Debatte um die strafrechtliche Bewertung von Klima-Protesten an und lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit auf einen bislang kaum beachteten Aspekt, nämlich die Frage, ob sich Klima-Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten dem Unrecht ihres Verhaltens im Rahmen von Protestaktionen mit Blick auf die mögliche „Klimakatastrophe“ (stets) bewusst sind und entfaltet erste Überlegungen im Hinblick auf mögliche Verbotsirrtümer. In diesem Zusammenhang geht der Beitrag auch auf die Frage ein, ob eine Rechtfertigung von Protestaktionen wegen eines rechtfertigenden (Klima-)Notstands oder eines möglichen verfassungswidrigen Staatshandelns im Zusammenhang mit der Klimaschutzpolitik denkbar ist.
Development of synthetic cooperative consortia using genetic engineering and adaptive laboratory evolution in yeasts
Authors:   , Beltrán Guzmán Leonardo Javier
Published: April 2024

Biotechnological processes offer better production conditions for a wide variety of goods of industrial interest. The production of aromatic compounds, for example, involves molecules of great value for cosmetic, plastic, agrochemical and pharmaceutic industries. However, the yield of such processes frequently prevents a proper implementtation that would allow the replacement of traditional production processes. Numerous rational engineering approaches have been attempted to enhance metabolic pathways associated with desired products. Unfortunately, genetic modifications and heterologous pathway expression often lead to a higher metabolic burden on the producing organisms, ultimately leading to reduced production levels and fitness. This project utilised adaptive laboratory evolution to better understand the development of synthetic cooperative consortia, using S. cerevisiae as a model organism. Specifically, a synthetic cooperative consortium was developed around the exchange of lysine and tyrosine, which was subjected to adaptive laboratory evolution aiming to induce mutations that would improve the system’s fitness either by enhanced production or upgraded stress resistance. Consequently, the mutant strains isolated after the evolution rounds were sequenced to identify relevant variations that could be related to the growth and production phenotypes observed. The insights derived from this project are expected to contribute to further developing synthetic cooperative consortia with utilitarian purposes.
NEUROBIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN HIV INFECTION (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Cherevko Oksana , Mudrenko Iryna
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The prevalence of mental disorders among people living with HIV infection has high frequency. According to a 2022 World Health Organization report, up to 70% of people living with HIV have mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and others. Mental disorders can reduce susceptibility to antiretroviral therapy, increase the risk of re-infection with HIV, reduce social and professional adaptation, and increase the risk of suicide and overall mortality.
Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted based on published scientific research by ScienceDirect, using information and search systems PubMed and Google Scholar. А review of studies primarily from the last 5 years was conducted.
Results. Depression is the leading cause of disability and is the most common HIV-related mental disorder, accounting for about 30% of people living with HIV. Large-scale meta-analyses estimate this prevalence rate is significantly higher than in the general population. Younger people with newly diagnosed HIV infection have higher anxiety levels than older patients. People living with HIV reports higher levels of mental trauma (e.g., child abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse). The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders among people with HIV throughout life is 50% compared to 7% in the general population. The researchers concluded that HIV progression in HIV-infected people with post-traumatic stress disorder is twice as fast.
Among the leading causes of developing mental disorders with HIV infection are neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, psychological factors, and sociodemographic factors. HIV can make people living with HIV more susceptible to depression due to neurotoxicity, which may lead to neurotransmitter dysfunction, metabolic dysfunction, and a chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines.
HIV-related stigma leads to negative consequences for the health of people with HIV. Fear of being judged by others impacts decreasing adherence to antiretroviral therapy and internalized HIV stigma provides for low adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Discussion. People living with HIV are more susceptible to developing mental disorders than the general population. Identification and research of mental disorders among people with HIV is important for improving adherence to HIV therapy. Dissemination of truthful information and educational measures about HIV can help reduce stigmatization and discrimination and improve the mental health of people living with HIV.
Discovery of Web-Building Spiders in Gua Kelam, Perlis State Park, Malaysia
Authors: Johan Ariff Mohtar  , Khadijah Hanim Abdul Rahman  , Saktheswaran Nyanasilan  , Nurul Ain Harmiza Abdullah  , Fadhilah Mohamad
Published: April 2024

A cave represents a subterranean ecosystem that harbours a myriad of unique, peculiar, and secluded flora and fauna. These biotas have evolved with a wide range of ecological adaptations that allow them to thrive in harsh environments with limited light. Gua Kelam 1 constitutes part of the Gua Kelam limestone caves system in the Nakawan Range of Perlis State Park, Malaysia. Previous observations indicated that it harbours a plethora of spider species; however, their existence is still elusive as speleobiological studies remain unexplored. Herein, we identified the cavernicolous spiders found in the dark zone areas of Gua Kelam 1 through a complementary approach based on morphology and DNA barcoding. From the morphological analysis, we described three web-building spiders of JTKK2 and JTKK3 groups down to the species-level to belong to Nephilengys malabarensis, and Orsinome vethi except for Pholcus sp. from JTKK4 individuals. The molecular analysis of the cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) genes of JTKK2 and JTKK3 individuals showed that they exhibited a high degree similarity with N. malabarensis (98.3%), and O. vethi (100.0%), respectively except for JTKK4 individuals with only 91.4% homology with P. kuhapimuk. Phylogenetic analysis also generated a congruent tree, in which the identified species are well nested within the family Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, and Pholcidae. By this integral approach, the three spiders were determined as N. malabarensis, O. vethi, and Pholcus sp. These spiders are originally epigean in their habitat but uniquely thrive in Gua Kelam 1.
Potential for spread of carp edema virus (CEV) trought vector fish species
Authors: ADAMKOWSKA NATALIA , KIEŁPIŃSKA JOLANTA , BERGMANN SVEN MICHAEL
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Carp edema virus (CEV) is poorly understood in terms of its potential for horizontal and/or vertical transmission in aquatic environments. Because of the need to identify species that can latently transmit CEV, we undertook a study to determine the degree of infection of species other than common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in natural waters and farm facilities. The aim of the study was to identify vector species and determine the routes of virus transmission in northwestern Poland. Materials and methods: 449 fish of 15 species were sampled for the study. The fish were collected in 2017-2018 from Lake Dąbie, Szczecin Lagoon, and three fish farms. Molecular analyses, which detected a fragment of the CEV gene encoding the P4a viral core protein, consisted of isolation of viral DNA, qualitative assessment of the purity of isolates obtained , and amplification of CEV genetic material by PCR reaction. The PCR reaction products were verified by real-time PCR. Results: The study revealed the presence of species that could potentially be involved in virus transmission between natural waters and carp culture centers in northwestern Poland. These species included roach, bleak, crucian carp, and tench. The results obtained suggest the need for mandatory virological testing for CEV in fish intended for stocking, which should limit the uncontrolled transmission of the virus in natural waters and its introduction into carp farms during the flooding of breeding ponds.
Detection of bacterial fish pathogens by MALDI-TOF MS- state of the art
Authors: OLECH MONIKA , PAŹDZIOR EWA
Published: April 2024

A key element in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in fish is the rapid identification of the etiological agent of the disease and drug resistance testing. Traditional methods of identifying the bacteria that cause fish diseases are often slow and/or expensive. MALDI-TOF MS is a well-established, rapid, accurate and cost-effective method based on protein profile analysis for the identification of bacterial pathogens in human and veterinary laboratories, and has now found application in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in fish. The method identifies microorganisms based on their protein profile, which is then compared with reference spectra stored in databases. Since not all bacterial fish pathogens are included in commercial databases, libraries are usually created locally for the relevant reference strains/species. As studies have shown, MALDI-TOF MS is suitable for the specific identification of many bacterial fish pathogens enabling rapid diagnosis of infections.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF ALLOCATING MATERIALS FOR PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION INTO SEPARATE PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Skrypnyk Andrii V.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problematic issue of extracting the materials of the pre-trial investigation regarding unidentified persons (without notification of suspicion). The factual (material) grounds for separating pre-trial investigation materials into a separate proceeding, developed by domestic judicial practice, are highlighted. Information about the person who committed the offense has been included in a number of sub-legal requirements for the selection of pre-trial investigation materials in the part of maintaining the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations. Considerable attention is paid to the study of judicial practice regarding the assessment of the possibility of releasing the materials of the pre-trial investigation without prior notification of the suspicion to the person about whom the proceedings are released. It has been established that a formalized and procedurally formalized connection between the proceeding and the person who allegedly committed it is embedded at the legislative level in the basis of the institution of the separation of pre-trial investigation materials both in relation to the "mother" proceeding (the proceeding from which the materials are extracted) and in relation to the "subsidiary" proceedings (proceedings formed as a result of separation of materials). It was concluded that the criminal proceedings, from which the materials of the pre-trial investigation are to be separated (the "parent" criminal proceedings), must have an evidentially confirmed and formally established connection between the criminal offense and the person who is suspected of committing it, due to which the decision on the separation of pre-trial investigation materials becomes possible only after the person is notified of the suspicion. The judicial practice, which reflects a negative assessment of the separation of pre-trial investigation materials regarding unidentified persons ("by the fact"), is examined in detail. On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that the connection between a person and a committed criminal offense is recognized as a mandatory component of a separate criminal proceeding, and the absence of data on a person suspected of committing a criminal offense is perceived as a basis for recognizing the resolution on the selection of pre-trial investigation materials as illegal and as such, which is subject to cancellation.
Effect of Packaging Method on Butter Quality Preservation
Authors: Topnikova E. , Ivanova N. , Zakharova M. , Pirogova Ekaterina
Published: April 2024

The article introduces a comparative analysis of storage capacity of butter packaged in different ways. Butter with a fat fraction of 72.5 % was studied in a monolith sample with stabilized structure and in fluid state during processing. The authors traced the changes in sensory, microbiological, and physicochemical parameters using standard methods at different temperature conditions. When the storage conditions followed State Standard GOST 32261, the in-line packaging method proved more effective: it reduced microbiological risks and increased the shelf-life of the packaged butter. The product also proved resistant to aggravated temperatures, which means that such butter would be able to preserve its quality and safety even under cold chain violations during transportation and sales. The spoilage test results can be used to predict the storage capacity of packaged butter based on initial contamination with various microorganisms.
Spatial analysis of dynamic groundwater potential maps of Nagpur district of Maharashtra using the AHP and RS-GIS tools
Authors: Verma Rakesh K. , Mirajkar Aswini B.
Published: April 2024

Identification of groundwater potential (GWP) is essential for groundwater management. Recently some areas of Nagpur district have faced water scarcity with severe groundwater level fluctuation (GWLF). The study incorporates the dynamic behaviour of rainfall, land use/cover, fractional impervious surface (FIS), and GWLF from 2017 to 2022 along with topographical wetness index (TWI), topographical ruggedness index (TRI), lineament density, drainage density, slope, soil, and geomorphology. The study employs the geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making approach, analytical hierarchy process, and remote sensing for spatiotemporal GWP mapping. The weighted overlay tool of ArcGIS 10.5 was used to derive final GWP maps. Critically, the northwestern part of the study area experienced major shifts in GWP, 448 km2 area has increased under the poor GWP category representing a decline in recharge probability. The safe GWP category diminished by nearly 531 km2 which exacerbates the problem whereas, high GWP showed very less changes. The most sensitive parameters are identified using an area-sensitivity approach, which reveals that TRI, slope, soil, geomorphology, rainfall, and TWI cause 35, 29, 20, 19, 11, and 11% area changes, respectively, while maximizing their weights. The validation of GWP maps shows good agreement with pre- and post-monsoon well data. The methodology and results may serve for GWP appraisal of similar regions.
Research on the connectivity of urban river network–wetland and water quality simulation
Authors: Liu Tuantuan , Jia Peng , Hu Chao , Zhang Beibei , Zhang Aiming
Published: April 2024

The connectivity of urban river networks plays an important role in cities in many aspects, such as urban water safety, water quality (WQ), and aquatic ecological balance. This study focuses on the river network and the Majiawan Wetland in the Chaoyang District of Beijing by establishing a two-dimensional hydrological WQ model employing various water allocation schemes between the river network and the wetland. Water circulation and WQ are the main indexes, and the effects of different scenarios on improving water circulation and WQ are simulated and compared. This study demonstrates that the addition of water replenishment at the intersection of river network and internal slow-water zones of the wetland (Scheme 2) has greater effectiveness in improving both hydrology and WQ compared to two other schemes. The water area of the Majiawan Wetland has expanded, and water velocity has increased. Using chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus as the index values for determining the water class, the WQ of about 20% of the wetland area was reached Water Class II (domestic drinking water), with Water Class III (general industrial water) accounting for the other 80%. This study provides valuable evaluation and reference for similar areas of urban river network connectivity.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Beraksurf and Curosurf Exogenous Surfactants in the Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Neonates: A Double-blind Randomized Study in the West of Iran
Authors: Eghbalian Fatemeh , Basiri Behnaz , Hatami Behnaz , Parsa Narges Mohammadi , Jenabi Ensiyeh
Published: April 2024

Background:

To date, few studies have compared the effectiveness of exogenous surfactant
therapy with Curosurf and Beraksurf in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
in preterm neonates.

Objective:

Since surfactant has a significant impact on the treatment of neonates with RDS, this
study was conducted to introduce a more effective method for treating preterm neonates with
RDS.

Methods:

The present clinical trial was conducted on 140 preterm neonates with RDS in the
NICU department of two specialized university hospitals in Hamadan, western Iran. In one group,
we used the Iranian-made surfactant Beraksurf, and in another group, we used the Italian-made
surfactant Curosurf. In the end, the checklist for the two groups was completed. Data analysis was
performed using SPSS version 22, and a significance level of 5% was considered for all tests.

Results:

The comparison of the frequency distribution of maternal corticosteroid administration,
response to treatment and need for re-intubation, associated disorders, and mortality among neonates
of the two groups of Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactant did not show a significant difference
(p=0.962, 0.763, 0.725 and 0.149, respectively). Further, the comparison of the mean number of
days requiring respiratory support, days free from respiratory support, and hospitalization days
among neonates of the two groups of Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactant injection did not show a
significant difference (p=0.910, 0.725, and 0.898, respectively). Additionally, the comparison of
the time of initiation of feeding and the time of reaching maximum feeding among neonates of the
two groups of Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactant injection also did not show significant differences
(p=0.881 and 0.903, respectively).

Conclusion:

Based on the fact that Beracsurf and Curosurf surfactants did not show significant differences
in the treatment outcomes of RDS in preterm neonates, it is suggested that the Iranianmade
surfactant, Beracsurf, should be used for the treatment of these neonates due to its cost-effectiveness
and availability compared to Curosurf.
Review on Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Managing Cardiovascular
Disease
Authors: Narkhede Minal , Pardeshi Avinash , Bhagat Rahul , Dharme Gajanan
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a foremost global health concern, necessitating
ongoing exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. This review surveys the latest developments
in cardiovascular therapeutics, offering a comprehensive overview of emerging approaches
poised to transform disease management. The examination begins by elucidating the
current epidemiological landscape of CVD and the economic challenges it poses to healthcare
systems. It proceeds to scrutinize the limitations of traditional therapies, emphasizing the need
for progressive interventions.

:

The core focus is on novel pharmacological interventions, including advancements in drug development,
targeted therapies, and repurposing existing medications. The burgeoning field of
gene therapy and its potential in addressing genetic predispositions to cardiovascular disorders
are explored, alongside the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in risk assessment
and treatment optimization.

:

Non-pharmacological interventions take center stage, with an exploration of digital health technologies,
wearable devices, and telemedicine as transformative tools in CVD management. Regenerative
medicine and stem cell therapies, offering promises of tissue repair and functional recovery,
are investigated for their potential impact on cardiac health.

:

This review also delves into the interplay of lifestyle modifications, diet, exercise, and behavioral
changes, emphasizing their pivotal role in cardiovascular health and disease prevention. As
precision medicine gains prominence, this synthesis of emerging therapeutic modalities aims to
guide clinicians and researchers in navigating the dynamic landscape of cardiovascular disease
management, fostering a collective effort to alleviate the global burden of CVD and promote a
healthier future.
Mechanism of Shenfu Injection in Treating Ischemic Stroke Elucidated using Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Yu Xuecheng , Shi Kun , Wu Bin , Gao Zengxiang , Tu Jiyuan , Cao Yan , Chen Linlin , Cao Guosheng
Published: April 2024

Background:

Shenfu injection was derived from the classical Chinese medicine formula
‘Shenfu decoction’, which was widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular
diseases in clinical practice.

background:

Shenfu injection is derived from the classical Chinese medicine formula ‘shenfu decoction’, which is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical practice.

Objectives:

Predict the main active ingredients, core targets, and related signaling pathways of
Shenfu injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

objective:

Predicting the main active ingredients, core targets, and related signaling pathways of shenfu injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Methods:

Databases were used to collect the active ingredients and target information of Shenfu
injection; GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the David database.
The effects of Shenfu injection on core targets were verified using molecular docking and
in vivo experiments.

method:

Databases were used to collect the active ingredients and target information of shenfu injection; GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using David database.The effects of shenfu injection on core targets were verified using molecular docking and in vivo experiments.

Results:

The predicted results identified 44 active ingredients and 635 targets in Shenfu injection,
among which 418 targets, including TNF, IL-6, MAPK1, and MAPK14, were potential
targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Molecular docking revealed that the active ingredients
had good binding to IL-6, MAPK1, and MAPK14. In vivo experiments demonstrated that
Shenfu injection significantly improved the pathological damage due to ischemic stroke, promoted
the expression of tight junction proteins, and inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions,
thereby reducing BBB permeability. Animal experiments revealed that Shenfu injection could
inhibit p38、JNK and ERK phosphorylation.

Conclusions:

Mechanism of Shenfu injection in treating ischemic stroke may be via inhibition
of the inflammatory factors levels and protecting the BBB, thereby warranting subsequent studies
and highlighting its potential as a reference for new drug development.
Decarbonizing the Transport of Microalgae-based Products —The Role of E-mobility
Authors: Dias Rosangela Rodrigues , Depra Mariany Costa , Carvalho Victor Cesar Rodrigues , de Menezes Cristiano Ragagnin , Zepka Leila Queiroz , Jacob-Lopes Eduardo
Published: April 2024

Background:

The decarbonization of road transport is a precondition for
achieving carbon neutrality. Battery-electric vehicle technology, driven by several patents,
can make this a reality. In this bias, the objective of the article is to shed light on the ongoing
debate about the potentially important role of the adoption of electric vehicles in the
transport of microalgae-based products to help them advance to a cleaner life cycle.

Methods:

Five routes, including unimodal and multimodal conditions, were defined to
assess the carbon emissions of the transport system and, more specifically, of road
transport. The headquarters of market-leading microalgae manufacturers were selected as
the origin of the routes and, as the destination, regions that sustain them.

Results:

The results reveal the supremacy of road transport of microalgae-based products
using electric vehicles powered by nuclear, hydroelectric, and wind, followed by biomass
and photovoltaic energy. They also show that the positive impact of wind, water, and photovoltaic
energy on the climate, added to the lower battery charging costs and the greater
opportunity to generate revenue from the sale of carbon credits, make their trade-offs.

Conclusion:

The exquisite results of this study convey key messages to decision-makers
and stakeholders about the role of electromobility in building a zero-carbon delivery route.
Political Awareness and Behaviour of Undi18 Cohort: Insights from a survey of Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Authors: Ganti Wan Rohila , Abdul Razak Shahidah , Yaakob Ahmad Faiz , Mohd Yunus Mohd Zulhilmi
Published: April 2024

The UNDI18 Bill, which lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 and provided automatic voter registration, was passed in 2019 by the Malaysian Parliament to the applause of many stakeholders. However, concerns have been raised about the readiness of these 18-year-olds to vote, given their limited exposure to political discussions. To address this, this study aimed to (i) explore the political awareness of 18-year-old first-time voters in Malaysia, (ii) investigate their sources of political information, and (iii) examine the relationship between their Malay student background studying in a Malay-based university and their political party and candidate choices. We surveyed 5,586 undergraduate students from Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, using a quantitative research design. Our findings revealed that science stream students were less politically aware than their social science counterparts, and that respondents from the Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies scored the highest. Additionally, social media was the primary source of political information for our respondents. We also found that Malay students studying at a Malay-based university showed strong support for the Malay political leaders which supports the perception that Universiti Teknologi MARA nurtures its undergraduates to be defenders of Malay supremacy. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the political awareness and behavior of 18-year-old Malaysians, which can inform efforts to engage and educate this demographic in future elections.