bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Potentials of Derris indica (LAM.) Bennet Extractives
Authors: Mondal Omar Ali , Mondal KAMSH , Islam Nurul
Published: August 2014

Antifungal activity of the D. indica (Lam.) Bennet. extractives collected in CHCl3 and methanol were tested against seven pathogenic fungi F. vasinfectum, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus, Mucor sp., C. albicans and P. notatum at concentrations of 50 and 200 ?g/disc along with a standard Nystatin (50 ?g/disc). The fruit shell extract showed activity index against C. albicans and P. notatum. The leaf and the root bark extracts were responsive on A. fumigatus, C. albicans, P. notatum and F. vasinfectum. For the root wood extract F. vasinfectum, A. fumigatus,, C. albicans were responsive. For the seed, stem bark and stem wood extract showed activity index against A. flavus, C. albicans, A. fumigatus P. notatum and Mucor sp. According to the intensity of activity indices D. indica extracts (CHCl3) could be arranged in a descending order of fruit shell > leaf > root bark > root wood > seed >stem wood> stem bark extract. For the MeOH extracts the fruit shell, leaf, root bark and root wood extracts showed activity indices against A. fumigatus, C. albicans , P. notatum , Mucor sp., F vasinfectum, and A. flavus. In case of the seed, stem bark and stem wood extracts A. flavus, C. albicans, A. fumigatus, P. notatum and Mucor sp. were responsive. According to the intensity of activity indices D. indica extracts (MeOH) could be arranged in a descending order of fruit shell > leaf > root bark > root wood >seed> stem bark > stem wood extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20122 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 61-65, 2012
Effect of Arsenic (NaAsO2) on the Histological Change of Snakehead Fish, Channa punctata
Authors: Hossain Mosharrof
Published: August 2014

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) considered effective for aquatic weed control, has been found to be harmful to several species of freshwater teleost fishes. Channa punctata was exposed to NaAsO2 at the concentrations of 100?l/30g and 200?l//30g body weight per fish and cultured for 14 days post exposure respectively. Tissue disorientation, peliosis and vacuolization accompanied by karyolysis, apoptosis and necrosis in the liver and heart were significant on days onwards. Irregularities in the intestines including apoptotic and necrotic cells were also common, enlargement of the mucosa and submucosa was noted. Corresponding with the histopathological lesions, necrosis of liver cells and intestinal functions or induction of heart muscles at the early phase of arsenic exposure may be the possible causes of fish death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20123 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 67-70, 2012
Some Morphological Observations of Charophytes (Characeae) from Bangladesh
Authors: Naz Sabrina , Diba Nasrin Jahan
Published: August 2014

Morphologically interesting charophytes were found from Chapai-Nawabgonj and Rajshahi districts in Bangladesh. These are: swollen branchlet of Lamprothamnium papulosum (Wallr.) J. Groves, long stalked gametangia and twin antheridia of Nitella hyalina (DC.) Agardh, bifid bract cells of Chara flaccida A. Braun and bifid end cell of Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv.) J. Groves. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20124 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 71-77, 2012
Potentiation of Synedrella nodiflora L. For Insecticidal Activity, Insect Repellency and Brine Shrimp Lethality in the Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Abdullah Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Islam Nurul
Published: August 2014

The insecticidal activity, insect repellency and brine shrimp lethality tests of three solvent extracts of Synedrella nodiflora L. were assessed against the adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) under laboratory conditions. The methanol extract found most effective (LD50 1.229, 0.823 and 0.569mg cm-2 for 24, 36 and 48h of exposure respectively) followed by the chloroform extract (LD50 3.042, 2.773, 2.456 and 2.233mg cm-2 for 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposure respectively) and petroleum ether extract (LD50 8.416, 4.764, 3.677, 3.392 and 3.177mg cm-2 for 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60h exposure respectively). The CHCl3 and MeOH extracts showed repellent activity against T. castaneum adults at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels of significance, while the Pet. E. extract did not show any repellency. The similar extracts responded through brine shrimp lethality assay and the Pet. E. extract found most effective (LC50 321.182, 248.151, 182.196 and 140.866ppm) followed by the MeOH extract (LC50 428.356, 72.401, 68.397 and 22.161ppm for 12, 18, 24 and 30h of exposure respectively) and the CHCl3 extract (LC50 669.875, 416.605, 288.226 and 248.325ppm). The results show the potential of using the S. nodiflora extracts for T. castaneum suppression. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20125 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 79-82, 2012
Wetlands of Dhaka City: Its Past and Present Scenario
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul , Shahabuddin AKM , Kamal M Mostafa , Ahmed Raquib
Published: August 2014

Landscape of Dhaka city, one of the fastest growing mega cities in the world, is undergoing continuous changes and modifications due to unplanned hasty urbanization process. As the growth of urbanization taking place at an exceptionally rapid rate the city is unable to cope with changing situation due to internal resource constraints and management limitations. Dhaka city endowed with a large number of water-bodies both big and small, which includes river, khals, lakes, flood plain low-lying areas etc. However, pre and post-urban changes of water-bodies in the city were studied using topographic map of 1960 and a satellite image of 2008 (ALOS VNIR 2008) through GIS and remote sensing technique. It is found that in 1960 total areas of water-bodies and lowland were 2952.02 and 13527.58 hectares. But in 2008 total areas of water-bodies and lowland found 1990.71 and 6414.57 hectares. Categories (water-bodies and lowlands) of wetland areas were decreased harshly. Study shows that water-bodies and lowland areas were decreased 32.57% and 52.58% that means more than 49% of the wetland areas decreased over the period 1960 to 2008. The changes of low-lying areas in the south-western corner extending towards Mirpur, Muhammadpur and Pallabi-Cantonment areas and filled for the urban development. The part of Gulshan and Dhanmondi lakes has also been reduced; and some of the channels of Motijheel areas are not identifiable at present. The growth of urban infrastructures have been taking place in unplanned way; as a result it destroyed natural drainage systems, fill-up the water-bodies, causing water-loggings during rainy season in various part of the city. This study revealed that immediate necessary steps should take by concern authority to prevent from various disasters that might be occurred due to unwise and unplanned wetland changes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20126 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 83-90, 2012
Relation Between Physical Activities and Built Environment: A Literature Review
Authors: Rana Md Masud Parves , Zhou Xiaolu
Published: August 2014

Physical inactivity has been a leading factor of chronic diseases and high rate of mortality in the world. Despite the fact, only a small portion of people are able to meet up the recommended physical activities. However, there are handful studies suggest that built environment may provide stimulus or barriers to peoples participation in physical activities. Drawing upon this context, this paper aims to review articles regarding built environment and physical activity focusing on characteristics of built environment which are particularly helpful in improving neighborhood environment, and to catch the attention to physical activities, such as walking, and cycling. It also critically reviews the measures of built environment, and finds three measures viz. (i) perceived environment measures, (ii) observational measures, and (iii) GIS-based measures. The article argues that integrated measures of built environment might be helpful to reduce limitations of individual measures and to understand the reasons of less participation in physical activities. It also suggests some practical interventions for improvement of built environment which is essentially inevitable to persuade physical activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20127 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 91-98, 2012
Karyotype Analysis of Two Epiphytic Ferns From Bangladesh
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Zaman Shahriar , Mazid Md Abdul , Kabir Golam
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20128 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 99-104, 2012
Flesh Estimation of Some SIS Fish
Authors: Sultana Sabina
Published: August 2014

Small Indigenous Species (SIS) of fishes of 18 species under ten families and five orders were selected for the experiment. The percentage and ratio of edible portions compared to their wastes (%) were determined. The percentage by weight after dressing and washing was found for Corica soborna as 97.76% and the lowest for Colisa fasciata as 57.40%, but the ratio of these weights were maximum on C. fasciata and minimum in C. soborna. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20129 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 105-108, 2012
Effect of Nutrients on Environmental Sex Determination and Size of Gametophytes in Culcita macrocarpa
Authors: Ghosh Lipika , Jiménez Ares , Quintanilla Luis G
Published: August 2014

In environmental sex determination (ESD) gender is decided after conception, depending on the environment, rather than being genetically fixed. ESD has rarely been studied in homosporous ferns. In the present study, Culcita macrocarpa gametophytes were cultured under varying nutrient conditions. Initially, most of the gametophytes of Culcita macrocarpa were male and subsequently hermaphrodite under different nutrition. The result indicates that its sex determination is protandry. All nutrient conditions were favourable for developing male prothalli but only good environment (high nutrient) was favourable for female gametophyte growth. In all respects, female gametophytes were much larger, than the other types of gametophytes. Hermaphroditic gametophytes were larger than male gametophytes, which were larger than asexual gametophytes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20130 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 109-113, 2012
Analysis of Heavy Metal Components in Some Urban Ponds in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Flowra Fawzia Adib , Ghosh Jibon Kumar , Jewel Md Abu Sayed , Tumpa Anannya Sen , Hussain M Afzal
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted to determine the heavy metal pollution status of selected six ponds in Rajshahi City Corporation for a period of 7 months from June, 2008 to December, 2008. Among heavy metals the mean values of Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and Pb varied from 0.05±0.02 (Pond-5) to 1.79±0.88 mg/l (Pond-4), 21.30±2.64 (Pond-6) to 76.57±30.90 mg/l (Pond-1), 0.08±0.02 (Pond-6) to 1.25±0.79 mg/l (Pond-4), 0.75±0.10 (Pond-3) to 1.87±0.53 mg/l (Pond-5) and 0.14±0.12 (Pond-6) to 4.92±1.66 mg/l (Pond-4) respectively. This study indicated that the Pond-2 covered by garbage, polythene and other wastes, Pond-3 and Pond-4 received industrial wastes were moderately polluted whereas the Pond-1 received City corporation wastes was less polluted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20131 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 115-117, 2012
An Introduction to Morphology of the Reproductive System and Anatomy of Hens Egg
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur
Published: August 2014

The present study was designed to investigate the morphology of reproductive system and egg anatomy of the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus L.). The system consists of oviduct and ovary. The oviduct consists of infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina which are sole distributor for making nutrition enriched egg. The anatomy of egg revealed that there are calcareous eggshell, shell membranes, egg white, vitelline membrane, egg yolk, and germinal disc. The fertilized egg showed a concentric circle around the nucleus known as blastoderm that contained area pellucida and area opaca whereas an unfertilized egg showed nucleus as white spot (blastodisc). Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are progenitor cells of ova and spermatozoa and they originate from the epiblast of the central part of the area pellucida. The microscopic structure of eggshell rendered leathery cuticle, fibrous matrix and shell membranes. The egg protects itself by its own mechanism from being injured and provides a complete diet for the developing embryo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20133 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 1-10, 2013
Insecticidal Activities of Abroma Augusta (L.) Chloroform and Methanol Extracts Against Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) Adults
Authors: Mondal Omar Ali , Haque Esarul , Haque Jahurul , Khan Ataur Rahman
Published: August 2014

The chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves, root wood, stem bark, stem wood and seeds of Abroma augusta (L.) (Ulatkambal) were tested against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults through residual film assay. The seed extracts (CHcl3 and MeOH) were found to offer the highest mortality of the beetles and the LD50 values were 3046.083, 247.9217 and 75.96001 ?g/cm2 and 6598.793, 340.4855 and 113.6461 ?g/cm2 for the (CHCl350 values of 1127.785, 312.5822 and 146.3708 ?g/cm2 and 1689.468, 449.8259 and 134.9692 ?g/cm2 for the (CHCl3350 values of 3466.807, 450.3049 and 175.7438 ?g/cm2 and 4654.238, 1010.538 and 333.7202 ?g/cm2 for the(CHCl3350 values of 3295.859, 1137.558 and 363.1539 ?g/cm2 and 3717.851, 566.2215 and 230.7044 ?g/cm2 for the (CHCl33A. augusta did not show any activity against the beetles. According to the intensity of activity observed through mortality of the adult beetles the potentiality of the chloroform extracts could be arranged in a descending order of seeds> root wood > leaf> stem bark and for the methanol extracts, seed>root wood > stem bark > leaf. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20134 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 11-15, 2013
Efficient Direct Organogenesis from Shoot Tips and Nodal Segments of Ash Gourd (Benincasa Hispida L.)
Authors: Kausar M , Parvin S , Haque ME , Khalekuzzaman M , Sikdar B , Islam MA
Published: August 2014

The effect of external application of phytohormone on explants viz., shoot tips and nodal segments of ash gourd (Benincasa hispida L.) was tested on the frequency of shoot and root induction. Shoot tips and nodal segments were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin), auxin (IBA, NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) for multiple shoot formation and root induction. The highest number (up to 90%) of multiple shoot formation was obtained from the shoot tips in MS medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l GA3, where average number of shoots per culture was 5.55. In case of nodal segment, better response (up to 78%) for shoot multiplication was found in MS with 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l GA3. The concentration of 1.0 mg/l IBA was found to be most effective for root initiation in microshoot developed from both types of explants. Rooted plantlets were acclimatatized and established in sandy soil with good survival rate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20135 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 17-20, 2013
Agricultural Land Conversion in the Sub-Urban Area: A Case Study of Rajshahi Metropolitan City
Authors: Halim Md Abdul , Rahman Md Mizanoor , Hassan Md Zahidul
Published: August 2014

Bangladesh is a land scarce country where per capita cultivated land is only 12.5 decimals. It is claimed that every year about one percent of farm land in the country is being converted to non-agricultural uses. The study is based mainly on field survey covering 2 villages (Narikel Baria and Baze Silinda) from 10 sub-urban villages around Rajshahi City Corporation under Paba Upazila of Rajshahi district. The study area was selected purposively and the respondents of this research work were selected randomly. The major focus was on to mention the general land use pattern of the area, estimates the agricultural land conversion besides determining the causes and consequences affecting such conversion. Both Narikel Baria and Baze Silinda villages were selected as study area because of its relatively higher growth in infrastructure. In order to fulfill the goal of this study, primary and secondary data were collected from various sources and to analyze and process of collected data the SPSS, Excel and Arc GIS software were used. Different types of descriptive statistics were applied for representing the analyzed data. It is observed that the land conversion form agriculture to non-agriculture allied in recent time is more than the previous time due to gradually increasing land demand in housing and relevant services which invites adverse impact on agricultural land as well as its dependent population. So, it is necessary to take integrated land-use planning to offer better options for the fulfillment of land demand both of housing and agricultural sectors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20136 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 21-30, 2013
Parental Acceptance and Academic Achievement of Tribal and Non-Tribal Children of Bangladesh
Authors: Aktar Rumana , Shahrier Mohd Ashik , Hridoy Md Mahabubur Rahaman
Published: August 2014

The present study designed to explore the relationship between parental acceptance and academic achievement of tribal and non tribal children of Bangladesh. For this purpose, Bangla Version (Uddin, 2011) of PARQ/CQ (Short Form) for mother and father (Originally by Rohner, 2005) was administered on 96 respondents (48 tribal and 48 non-tribal) selected purposively from Khagrachari district, Bangladesh. Results indicated significant negative correlations between maternal acceptance scores and academic achievement scores and between paternal acceptance scores and academic achievement scores. Furthermore, results revealed significant differences in maternal acceptance, paternal acceptance and academic achievement between tribal and non-tribal children. From the results parental acceptance (maternal and paternal acceptance) found to be a stronger predictor of academic achievement where maternal acceptance created 8.3% variations and paternal acceptance created 10.3% variations in academic achievement of tribal and non-tribal children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20137 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 31-39, 2013
Climate Change Induced Flood Risk and Adaptation in the Padma River Island, Bangladesh: A Local Scale Approach
Authors: Sultana Rumana , Rumi S Rafiqul Alam , Sheikh MA Hanif
Published: August 2014

Assessment of hazard characteristics, exposure, vulnerability, resilience and risk at a local scale is an important tool for identifying the capacities of households and local communities to adapt with climate change induced flood. Repeated floods with different magnitudes under variable climatic conditions are great catastrophe for the people living in flood prone regions specifically in Islands. People, infrastructure and economy are highly exposed to flood and that results in devastating flood disaster. In the Padma river Islands frequent flooding makes the life and livelihoods of people vulnerable and this vulnerability is conditioned by different factors such as peoples physical, social, economic and environmental condition. The higher is the level of vulnerability the higher is the level of flood risk. Hence, peoples resilience can minimize the negative impacts of flood disaster. A composite risk index (related to the probability of occurrence of the event, magnitude of the event, quantity and cost of the element at risk, vulnerability and resilience) was prepared to realize the climate change induced flood disaster risk. Some adaptive strategies are explored to adapt with climate change induced flood risk. Finally, Local Scale Disaster Risk Model (LSDR) was proposed to present the framework of climate change induced flood disaster risk and adaption at a local scale. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20138 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 41-48, 2013
Perception Level of Potato Growers Towards Production Technologies in Northwest Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin ABM Sharif , Rahman N Mostafizur , Kamaly M Hasanul Kabir , Alam M Bashirul
Published: August 2014

The main focus of the study was to assess the extent of perception level of potato growers towards the potato production technologies. The study was carried out in the Rajshahi district which is considered as a part of the northwest area of Bangladesh. Two hundred thirty-two farmers were randomly selected as potato growers for data collection from twenty villages under the Upazilla namely, Mohonpur, Bagmara and Durgapur of Rajshahi district. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect the data from the respondents in July 2010 to February 2011. For measuring the perception of modern variety potato production technologies by the potato growers, 11 technologies for modern variety potato production were considered. Descriptive statistical measures such as number, percentage distribution, range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used in describing the variable. More or less similar percentage (37%) of the growers had medium and high perception whereas 26.29 percent low perception. Analysis indicated that among the extent of perception of modern eleven technologies use of quality seed was at top highest ranking by the perception adoption index of 253.88, whereas plant spacing was bottom lowest. The perception variations in different technologies will not be improved unless intensive and effective steps are taken to increase growers access to various information sources of agriculture which increase the knowledge and then perception. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20140 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 55-61, 2013
Climate Change and Land Use Change in the Eastern Coastal Belt of Bangladesh, Elucidated by Analyzing Rice Production Area in the Past and Future
Authors: Alam Md Shafiul
Published: August 2014

Climate change is an important issue now-a-days. Global warming i.e. climate change causes sea level rise and that affect the coastal agricultural areas of Bangladesh. The net-cropped area of eastern coastal zone in Bangladesh has been decreasing over the years due to various purposes and the most common one is the land inundation and salinity intrusion by tidal water. The main aims of the study is to assess the change in climatic conditions particularly temperature, rainfall and agricultural land use change in the past and future. Past rainfall, temperature and salinity data have been used to assess the climatic and salinity conditions of the area under investigation. Normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI) and False Color Composite (FCC) of digital Land sat images have been used to identify land use pattern and Boro rice coverage area. During last 31 years (1978 -2009) 31% rice production land has converted to shrimp culture and salt farming. Salinity intrusion is one of the major causes of agricultural land use change. Salinity level has increased dramatically in dry season during last decade due to increase of temperature, low rainfall pattern, high evaporation rate and low water discharge to the river systems. Future landuse has been projected for 2039 by Markov Model. Result shows that rice production area will decrease rapidly due to salinity intrusion as well as climate change which may threat for food security of Bangladesh. Hereafter, the Government of Bangladesh, national and international institutions will have to work together for minimizing the effect of climate change for food security. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20151 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 83-91, 2013
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Ficus Racemosa Plant Extracts From North-Western District of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Johora , Kabir AS , Hakim Md Abdul , Abdullah M , Islam N , Reza Md Abu
Published: August 2014

Antioxidant is a new hype in naturopathy and at present it has huge demand in cosmetic, nutritional supplementation and pharmacological industry. It reduces cell damages caused by free-radical which are responsible for various ailment like ageing, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, cataracts and inflammation. At present any comprehensive data on the antioxidant content and extent of their activity of the indigenous medicinal plants of Bangladesh is not available. Therefore, here antioxidant activity of a popular medicinal plant - Ficus racemosa was determined. Methanolic extract was prepared from the leaf and stem bark of F. racemosa. Their total phenolics and free radical scavenging capacity was determined using folin-ciocalteu reagent (FCR) assay and DPPD-radical scavenging assay respectively. Stem bark and leaves of F. racemosa contains 242.97 and 235.45 mg of GAE / gm of dried extract of phenolics respectively. Current studies also show that F. racemosa barks contain a high antioxidant activity. IC50 value of bark extract was found to be 19?g/ml which is even better that of the standard BHT. Therefore, present studies suggest that F. racemosa bark has a huge potential in terms of commercial use as source of antioxidant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20152 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 93-99, 2013
Evaluation of Biological Activities of Evolvulus Nummularius L. through Insecticidal, Insect Repellency and Brine Shrimp Lethality Tests
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md , Parvin Nayeema , Sultana Sabina , Abdullah Mohammad , Khan Ataur Rahman , Islam Nurul
Published: August 2014

Assessment of Evolvulus nummularius L. through whole plant extracts (collected in petroleum ether [Pet.E.], chloroform [CHCl3] and methanol [MeOH]) were made against Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) for insecticidal and insect repellency and against Artemia salina L. for brine shrimp lethality, and the results were promising. The LC50 values against T. castaneum adults for Pet.E. extract were 1.280, 1.220, 1.096 and 1.030?g cm-2; for CHCl3 extract 3.249, 2.990, 2.526 and 2.204?g cm-2; and for MeOH extract 2.925, 1.899, 1.875 and 1.789?g cm-2, respectively for 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposure. The intensity of activity could be arranged in a descending order: Pet.E. extract> MeOH extract> CHCl3 extract. For repellency, CHCl3 and MeOH extracts offered moderate activity (P <0.01), but the Pet.E. extract did not show efficacy against the beetles. The same extracts responded positively in brine shrimp lethality assay where the LC50 values for Pet.E. extract were 141.553, 98.941, 24.684 and 8.560ppm; for CHCl3 extracts 699.048, 366.663, 326.0039 and 40.114ppm; and for MeOH extracts 2336.982, 1258.605, 355.962 and 137.0589ppm respectively for 12, 18, 24 and 30h of exposure. However, the intensity of activity could be arranged in a descending order: Pet.E. extract> CHCl3 extract> MeOH extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20153 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 101-104, 2013
Occurrence of Penta-Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jaintia and Barail Group Mudstones, Northeastern Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain HM Zakir , Sultan-Ul-Islam Md , Hossain Quazi Hasna
Published: August 2014

In the present experiment, concentration, distribution and sources of penta-aromatic hydrocarbons in seven drill core and outcrop samples from Jaintia and Barail Group mudstones, northeastern Bengal Basin, Bangladesh have been studied. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to obtain composition details about the sedimentary organic matter (OM). Mudstone samples were found to contain relatively high penta-aromatic hydrocarbon abundances in the lower Jaintia Group than in the overlying Barail Group. High concentration of perylene suggests terrigenous sources and significantly higher content of total organic carbon in the samples. A biogenic origin of perylene therefore indicates oxygen deficient environmental condition for deposition of OM. Perylene over pentacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers regulating in-situ diagenetic origin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20154 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 105-112, 2013
Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Mio-Pliocene Bivalve Shells and Calcareous Sediments in Nhila Anticline, Southeast Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain HM Zakir , Sultan-Ul-Islam Md , Armstrong-Altrin John S , Sial Alcides N , Ahamed Sabbir , Nowsher Md Nahid , Abdullah-Al-Kawsar Md
Published: August 2014

Stable carbon (?13C) and oxygen (?18O) isotopes of bivalve shells and calcareous sediments of the Mio-Pliocene Nhila Anticline, southeast Bengal Basin, Bangladesh have been investigated to obtain information on paleoclimate and paleoenvironment conditions during deposition. The ?13CPDB, ?18OPDB and ?18OSMOW values in bivalve shell range from -2.81 to -1.56, -3.57 to -2.39 and 27.18 to 28.40 in bivalve shells and -13.90 to -1.75, -4.71 to -2.13 and 26.01 to 28.66 in calcareous sediments, respectively. The ?13CPDB values in bivalve shells are comparable to that of calcareous sediments (~ -1.75) in the upper section, but ?13CPDB values in calcareous sediments are more negative excursion towards lower section (up to -13.90). These results signify that salinity gradients could modified the isotope values and/or strong influence of freshwater conditions. The variable ?18OPDB values in both bivalve shell and calcareous sediment suggesting diagenetic alteration of carbonates and water temperature effects. The more negative ?18OPDB values imply humid paleoclimatic conditions during the Mio-Pliocene sedimentation. Therefore, the ?18OPDB values of the Mio-Pliocene sediments of Nhila Anticline are probably controlled by paleotemperature leading to intensification of high rainfall. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20155 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 113-117, 2013
Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (Ems) on Incubation Period, Pupal Period and Reproductive Potential of Ladybird Beetle, Epilachna Vigintioctopunctata Fab
Authors: Ekram AE , Sarker I , Shaekh MPE , Khatun R , Hoque KMF
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20156 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 119-122, 2013
Differential Management of Economic and Financial Illegalisms: Anti-Money Laundering and “Tax Issues”
Authors: Amicelle Anthony
Published: August 2014

Alors que la problématique fiscale a longtemps été tenue à l’écart de la mobilisation contre le blanchiment de capitaux, cette frontière historiquement négociée est aujourd’hui en cours de recomposition, en France comme à l’international. En analysant les modalités d’intégration des questions fiscales au cœur de l’anti-blanchiment, il s’agit de rendre compte des transformations travaillant actuellement la lutte contre l’« argent sale ». Dans quelle mesure assiste-t-on à un renouvellement normatif dans les activités de différenciation, de hiérarchisation et de gestion des illégalismes économiques et financiers ?
Vidal de la Blache historiador
Authors: Lira Larissa Alves de
Published: August 2014

Este artigo procura situar o geógrafo Vidal de la Blache (1845-1918) num “lento” processo de institucionalização da geografia, em fins do século XIX e início de XX, e na transição de Vidal de la Blache da posição de historiador para a posição de geógrafo. Seus trabalhos sobre o Mediterrâneo são especiais para os nossos objetivos, dado que eles atravessam toda a carreira de Vidal de la Blache, inclusive no papel de historiador. Lidamos com os pressupostos metodológicos de uma história social das idéias, que se manifesta em nossa tentativa de estabelecer a relação de Vidal com intelectuais fora e dentro do campo da geografia. Também recorremos ao recurso de uma história das permanências e das continuidades para esta reconstituição histórica, perspectiva metodológica que nos levou à consideração de que, para evitar anacronismos, seria preciso observar que Vidal de la Blache não deixou de ser historiador ao se tornar geógrafo. A formação original de Vidal de la Blache como historiador na Escola Normal e na Escola de Atenas, e as relações subsequentes que manteve com os historiadores (mesmo já reconhecido como geógrafo), marcaram a formação e a carreira de Vidal de la Blache. Dessa confluência, surgiu uma concepção original de tempo geográfico. É esta noção que procuramos caracterizar e definir como uma ferramenta metodológica importante para os estudos de Geografia Humana e, notadamente, para o geógrafo de campo.
Fernand Braudel e as metamorfoses do tempo e do espaço : o conceito de geohistória em La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II (1949 e 1966)
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme
Published: August 2014

Este artigo discute as dimensões empírica e teórica do conceito de geohistória nas duas edições do livro La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II (1949 e 1966). Enfatizando seus principais usos, sua relação com o determinismo e a influência da geografia francesa e alemã, nosso objetivo é mostrar que a geografia possui papel epistemológico crucial na escrita histórica braudeliana.
O conceito de “pioneiro” na Geografia, na contraposição de estudos sobre expansão cafeeira e a citrícola
Authors: Boechat Cássio Arruda
Published: August 2014

Sugerimos uma apresentação da discussão dos conceitos de “frente”, “zona” ou “franja” pioneira, em oposição à “frente de expansão” na ocupação dos sertões de São Paulo, e em oposição à expansão da citricultura. Propomos um entendimento das fases do processo de territorialização do capital, elaborando uma crítica a perspectivas modernizadoras e/ou que positivam o processo civilizatório ocorrido. Nessa crítica, retomamos textos de Leo Waibel, Pierre Monbeig, Orlando Valverde e outros geógrafos que trataram da expansão da citricultura. Posicionamo-nos, por fim, a favor de uma compreensão da acumulação de capital nas condições adversas de expropriação da “fronteira”.
Os Perímetros Irrigados do Baixo Jagurige no estado do Ceará [Brasil]: uma experiência referencial de projeto territorial sustentável
Authors: Ferrão André Munhoz de Argollo , Braga Luci Mehry Martins , Pozzer Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2014

O planejamento territorial, abrangendo áreas urbanas ou rurais, deve libertar-se dos limites administrativos, legais ou históricos para o enfrentamento das dinâmicas socioeconômicas, culturais e ambientais dentro do contexto regional. As bacias hidrográficas como unidades de planejamento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos como enfoque essencial do projeto territorial sustentável permitem a valorização da identidade regional: seu patrimônio e seus recursos resultando em sua paisagem cultural. Planos de desenvolvimento ou de preservação dos recursos hídricos podem estar alidados a programas que viabilizem projetos de geração de emprego e renda para as populações envolvidas. Se os rios são os vetores que interligam os espaços regionais, sua preservação deve ser vista como o elo natural para a implantação de projetos territoriais sustentáveis. O planejamento regional confronta-se com um complexo contexto territorial em que se sobrepõem camadas temáticas que identificam uma região a partir do seu patrimônio convertido em recursos. Para promover o desenvolvimento em determinadas regiões brasileiras, o Estado imprimiu diferentes políticas públicas empregando capital público e atraindo capital privado. Como no caso dos processos de implantação dos Perímetros Irrigados do Baixo Jaguaribe (estado do Ceará, no Nordeste do Brasil), onde se podem reconhecer referências e estratégias conceituais do pensamento urbanístico. Observam-se, por exemplo, reflexos do modelo de implantação das aldeias cooperativas de Owen, do sistema de cidades de Howard, dos conceitos de Geddes, dentre os quais os que tomam a Bacia Hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento regional, e das estratégias urbanísticas da RPAA e da TVA. Portanto, os Perímetros Irrigados do Baixo Jaguarige constituem uma experiência referencial de projeto territorial sustentável no contexto brasileiro, e teve sua implantação a partir da parceria entre o Grupo de Estudos do Vale do Jaguaribe (GEVJ), ligado à Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE), com o governo francês através do Instituto Francês de Pesquisa Científica para o Desenvolvimento em Cooperação (ORSTOM), no início da década de 1960.
A renda da terra na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória – ES – Brasil
Authors: Zanotelli Cláudio Luiz , Ferreira Francismar Cunha , Antônio Larissa Marques de , Bergamaschi Rodrigo Bettim
Published: August 2014

O texto apresenta os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa em curso sobre o “Nó da terra” ; problematiza a apropriação da renda da terra na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, no Espírito Santo, Brasil, a partir de Karl Marx e de David Harvey. Descreve a concentração fundiária, os usos e ocupações da Terra, os vazios urbanos e os domicílios vagos contrapondo-os ao déficit habitacional e aos programas de construção imobiliária. Conclui pela existência de rendas de monopólio, absoluta e diferencial exponenciais na região. A estratégia para realiza-las está intimamente associada às relações e cooperações cruzadas dos agentes do Estado, dos agentes imobiliários e dos proprietários fundiários.
Provirus Activation Plus CD59 Blockage Triggers Antibody-Dependent Complement-Mediated Lysis of Latently HIV-1–Infected Cells
Authors: Lan Jie , Yang Kai , Byrd Daniel , Hu Ningjie , Amet Tohti , Shepherd Nicole , Desai Mona , Gao Jimin , Gupta Samir , Sun Yongtao , Yu Qigui
Published: August 2014

Latently HIV-1–infected cells are recognized as the last barrier toward viral eradication and cure. To purge these cells, we combined a provirus stimulant with a blocker of human CD59, a key member of the regulators of complement activation, to trigger Ab-dependent complement-mediated lysis. Provirus stimulants including prostratin and histone deacetylase inhibitors such as romidepsin and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid activated proviruses in the latently HIV-1–infected T cell line ACH-2 as virion production and viral protein expression on the cell surface were induced. Romidepsin was the most attractive provirus stimulant as it effectively activated proviruses at nanomolar concentrations that can be achieved clinically. Antiretroviral drugs including two protease inhibitors (atazanavir and darunavir) and an RT inhibitor (emtricitabine) did not affect the activity of provirus stimulants in the activation of proviruses. However, saquinavir (a protease inhibitor) markedly suppressed virus production, although it did not affect the percentage of cells expressing viral Env on the cell surface. Provirus-activated ACH-2 cells expressed HIV-1 Env that colocalized with CD59 in lipid rafts on the cell surface, facilitating direct interaction between them. Blockage of CD59 rendered provirus-activated ACH-2 cells and primary human CD4+ T cells that were latently infected with HIV-1 sensitive to Ab-dependent complement-mediated lysis by anti–HIV-1 polyclonal Abs or plasma from HIV-1–infected patients. Therefore, a combination of provirus stimulants with regulators of complement activation blockers represents a novel approach to eliminate HIV-1.
The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on In Vitro Human NK Cell Development from Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Weeres Matthew A. , Robien Kim , Ahn Yong-Oon , Neulen Marie-Luise , Bergerson Rachel , Miller Jeffery S. , Verneris Michael R.
Published: August 2014

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is the biologically active form of vitamin D and is immunoregulatory. 1,25(OH)2D3 binds the vitamin D receptor complex present in many immune populations and can illicit transcriptional responses that vary among different immune subsets. The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on mature and developing human NK cells are not well characterized. In the present study, we examined the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 using an established NK cell differentiation system. Briefly, umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells were isolated and cultured in conditions optimal for NK cell differentiation, and varying concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 were administered. At physiological concentrations (10 nM), 1,25(OH)2D3 impaired NK cell development. Moreover, the NK cells that did develop under the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a significant reduction in function (cytotoxicity and cytokine production). Conversely, 1,25(OH)2D3 strongly induced hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate along a myeloid pathway, giving rise to CD14+ cells. Mechanistically, 1,25(OH)2D3 drives hematopoietic progenitor cells to rapidly upregulate monocyte genes (i.e., C/EBP-α and CD14). There were no effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on mature NK cytotoxicity or cytokine production. Collectively, these studies provide novel data showing the negative regulatory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on NK cell development.
Complement Component C5a Permits the Coexistence of Pathogenic Th17 Cells and Type I IFN in Lupus
Authors: Pawaria Sudesh , Ramani Kritika , Maers Kelly , Liu Youhua , Kane Lawrence P. , Levesque Marc C. , Biswas Partha S.
Published: August 2014

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a type I IFN (IFN-I)–driven autoimmune disorder with exaggerated B and Th cell responses. Th17 cells, a recently identified Th cell subset, have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE. Because IFN-I suppresses the generation and expansion of Th17 cells in an IL-27–dependent manner, it is unclear how pathogenic Th17 cells are generated in SLE in the presence of an environment characterized by high IFN-I levels. In this study, we showed that activation of c5aR on murine macrophages blocked IFN-I–mediated IL-27 production, thus permitting the development of Th17 cells. C5aR activation on IFN-I–responsive macrophages inhibits IRF-1–mediated transactivation of IL-27 gene expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Consistently, C5aR-deficient mice exhibited increased IL-27 expression and fewer Th17 cells and consequently developed reduced lupus nephritis in comparison with wild-type mice. In support of these findings in mice, we found that C5a inhibited IFN-I–induced IL-27 production from macrophages of lupus subjects. Moreover, the level of serum C5a correlated with Th17 frequency in peripheral blood. Collectively, these data indicate an essential role for C5a in the generation of pathogenic Th17 responses in SLE. Thus, therapeutic strategies to block C5aR activation may be beneficial for controlling pathogenic Th17-mediated inflammation in SLE.
Duality and best constant for a Trudinger–Moser inequality involving probability measures
Authors: Ricciardi Tonia , Suzuki Takashi
Published: August 2014

We consider the Trudinger–Moser type functional

J_\lambda(v)=\frac{1}{2}\int_\Omega|\nabla v|^2-\lambda\int_I\left(\log\int_\Omega e^{\alpha v}\right)\,\mathcal P(d\alpha),

where

\Omega

is a two-dimensional Riemannian surface without boundary,

v\in H^1(\Omega)

,

\int_\Omega v=0

,

I=[-1,1]

,

\mathcal P

is a Borel probability measure on

I

and

\lambda>0

. The functional

J_\lambda

arises in the statistical mechanics description of equilibrium turbulence, under the assumption that the intensity and the orientation of the vortices are determined by

\mathcal P

. We formulate a Toland non-convex duality principle for

J_\lambda

and we compute the optimal value of

\lambda

for which

J_\lambda

is bounded from below.
Propagation of chaos for the 2D viscous vortex model
Authors: Fournier Nicolas , Hauray Maxime , Mischler Stéphane
Published: August 2014

We consider a stochastic system of

N

particles, usually called vortices in that setting, approximating the 2D Navier-Stokes equation written in vorticity. Assuming that the initial distribution of the position and circulation of the vortices has finite (partial) entropy and a finite moment of positive order, we show that the empirical measure of the particle system converges in law to the unique (under suitable a priori estimates) solution of the 2D Navier-Stokes equation. We actually prove a slightly stronger result: the propagation of chaos of the stochastic paths towards the solution of the expected nonlinear stochastic differential equation. Moreover, the convergence holds in a strong sense, usually called entropic (there is no loss of entropy in the limit). The result holds without restriction (but positivity) on the viscosity parameter.

The main difficulty is the presence of the singular Biot-Savart kernel in the equation. To overcome this problem, we use the dissipation of entropy which provides some (uniform in

N

) bound on the Fisher information of the particle system, and then use extensively that bound together with classical and new properties of the Fisher information.
Strichartz inequality for orthonormal functions
Authors: Frank Rupert L. , Lewin Mathieu , Lieb Elliott H. , Seiringer Robert
Published: August 2014

We prove a Strichartz inequality for a system of orthonormal functions, with an optimal behavior of the constant in the limit of a large number of functions. The estimate generalizes the usual Strichartz inequality, in the same fashion as the Lieb-Thirring inequality generalizes the Sobolev inequality. As an application, we consider the Schrödinger equation in a time-dependent potential and we show the existence of the wave operator in Schatten spaces.
Proceedings: Cell Therapies for Parkinson's Disease From Discovery to Clinic
Authors: Canet-Aviles Rosa , Lomax Geoffrey P. , Feigal Ellen G. , Priest Catherine
Published: August 2014

In March 2013, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, in collaboration with the NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, held a 2-day workshop on cell therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD), with the goals of reviewing the state of stem cell research for the treatment of PD and discussing and refining the approach and the appropriate patient populations in which to plan and conduct new clinical trials using stem cell-based therapies for PD. Workshop participants identified priorities for research, development, and funding; discussed existing resources and initiatives; and outlined a path to the clinic for a stem cell-based therapy for PD. A consensus emerged among participants that the development of cell replacement therapies for PD using stem cell-derived products could potentially offer substantial benefits to patients. As with all stem cell-based therapeutic approaches, however, there are many issues yet to be resolved regarding the safety, efficacy, and methodology of transplanting cell therapies into patients. Workshop participants agreed that designing an effective stem cell-based therapy for PD will require further research and development in several key areas. This paper summarizes the meeting.
In situ characterization of shallow elastic nonlinear parameters with Dynamic Acoustoelastic Testing
Authors: Renaud G. , Rivière J. , Larmat C. , Rutledge J.T. , Lee R.C. , Guyer R.A. , Stokoe K. , Johnson P.A.
Published: August 2014

In situ measurement of the elastic nonlinear site response is advantageous to provide optimal information for prediction of strong ground motion at a site. We report the first implementation of a technique known as Dynamic Acoustoelastic Testing (DAET) in situ with the ultimate goal of developing a new approach for site characterization. DAET has shown promising results at the laboratory scale for the study of nonlinear elasticity of Earth materials, detailing the full nonlinear elastic properties of the studied sample. We demonstrate the feasibility of DAET in situ and compare it to other methods (nonlinear resonance spectroscopy, wave amplitude dependence of propagation velocity, and wave distortion). Nonlinear elastic properties are characterized by DAET with the advantage of providing a local assessment compared to other methods, here at a depth of 4 m to 5 m. A vertical dynamic strain amplitude of 5 ×10−5produces a relative change in compressional wave modulus of 6%. We measure an effective parameter of quadratic elastic nonlinearity of order −103, the same order of magnitude measured at the laboratory scale in rocks and in packs of unconsolidated glass beads. Hysteresis is observed in the variation in soil elasticity as a function of the instantaneous dynamic strain that evolves as the dynamic strain amplitude is increased from 9 ×10−7to 5 ×10−5.