bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Australia
Authors: SHEA GLENN , COUPER PATRICK , WILMER JESSICA WORTHINGTON , AMEY ANDREW
Published: March 2019

The gekkonid lizard genus Cyrtodactylus in Australia is revised based on a combination of morphology and mitochondrial (ND2) sequence data. Previous hypotheses that the Australian populations are assignable to a New Guinea species, C. louisiadensis, or to a Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis species group defined on shared colour pattern and enlarged subcaudal scales, are rejected. Evidence is provided for the existence of five endemic species in Australia, allopatrically distributed. Cyrtodactylus tuberculatus (Lucas & Frost) is formally resurrected for Australian populations in the Cooktown area, from Mt Leswell north to Stanley Island. Four new species are described: C. mcdonaldi sp. nov. in the south, from the Chillagoe area north to Parrot Creek Falls, C. hoskini sp. nov. from the Iron Range area, C. adorus sp. nov. from the Pascoe River drainage, and C. pronarus sp. nov. from the McIlwraith Range. Concordant genetic and morphological evidence enable the hypothesis that C. adorus and C. pronarus represent a species pair distinct from the sublineage represented by C. tuberculatus, C. mcdonaldi and C. hoskini.
Axisymmetric Constraints on Cross-Equatorial Hadley Cell Extent
Authors: Hill Spencer A. , Bordoni Simona , Mitchell Jonathan L.
Published: March 2019

We consider the relevance of known constraints from each of Hide’s theorem, the angular momentum–conserving (AMC) model, and the equal-area model on the extent of cross-equatorial Hadley cells. These theories respectively posit that a Hadley circulation must span all latitudes where the radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) absolute angular momentum satisfies or or where the RCE absolute vorticity satisfies ; all latitudes where the RCE zonal wind exceeds the AMC zonal wind; and over a range such that depth-averaged potential temperature is continuous and that energy is conserved. The AMC model requires knowledge of the ascent latitude , which needs not equal the RCE forcing maximum latitude . Whatever the value of , we demonstrate that an AMC cell must extend at least as far into the winter hemisphere as the summer hemisphere. The equal-area model predicts , always placing it poleward of . As is moved poleward (at a given thermal Rossby number), the equal-area-predicted Hadley circulation becomes implausibly large, while both and become increasingly displaced poleward of the minimal cell extent based on Hide’s theorem (i.e., of supercritical forcing). In an idealized dry general circulation model, cross-equatorial Hadley cells are generated, some spanning nearly pole to pole. All homogenize angular momentum imperfectly, are roughly symmetric in extent about the equator, and appear in extent controlled by the span of supercritical forcing.
Quantification and Exploration of Diurnal Oscillations in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Knaff John A. , Slocum Christopher J. , Musgrave Kate D.
Published: March 2019

Diurnal oscillations of infrared cloud-top brightness temperatures (Tbs) in tropical cyclones (TCs) as inferred from storm-centered, direction-relative longwave infrared (~11 μm) imagery are quantified for Northern Hemisphere TCs (2005–15) using statistical methods. These methods show that 45%, 54%, and 61% of at least tropical storm-, hurricane-, and major hurricane-strength TC cases have moderate or strong diurnal signals. Principal component analysis–based average behavior of all TCs with intensities of 34 kt (17.5 m s−1) or greater is shown to have a nearly symmetric diurnal signal where Tbs oscillate from warm to cold and cold to warm within and outside of a radius of approximately 220 km, with maximum central cooling occurring in the early morning (0300–0800 local standard time), and a nearly simultaneous maximum warming occurring near the 500-km radius—a radial standing wave with a node near 220-km radius. Amplitude and phase of these diurnal oscillations are quantified for individual 24-h periods (or cases) relative to the mean oscillation. Details of the diurnal behavior of TCs are used to examine preferred storm and environmental characteristics using a combination of spatial, composite, and regression analyses. Results suggest that diurnal, cloud-top Tb oscillations in TCs are strongest and most regular when storm characteristics (e.g., intensity and motion) and environmental conditions (e.g., vertical wind shear and low-level temperature advection) support azimuthally symmetric storm structures and when surrounding mid- and upper-level relative humidity values are greater. Finally, it is hypothesized that larger mid- and upper-level relative humidity values are necessary ingredients for robust, large-amplitude, and regular diurnal oscillations of Tbs in TCs.
The Secret Life of Secrets: Deleterious Psychosomatic Effects on Patient and Analyst
Authors: Zerbe Kathryn J.
Published: March 2019

The impact and complex nature of keeping secrets deserves greater scrutiny within psychoanalysis. While the capacity to keep a secret is a developmental achievement that furthers conscious choice and healthy boundary setting between self and others, an individual’s need for privacy must be distinguished from untoward costs of collusion and concealment. Clinical case material shows that not all secrets are unconscious or multilayered, as assumed in most of the psychoanalytic literature. Nonetheless, in these cases deleterious effects to psyche and soma took root. These patients assumed that their secret was irreparably destructive to an essential object relationship; shame, guilt, narcissistic vulnerability, unconscious identification with an injured party, and developmental deficit were other factors found to undergird this mode of pathogenic dissembling. Two clinical examples also demonstrate that embodied countertransference reactions may herald the revelation of a secret in treatment that had been hidden, but in plain view. Secrets appear to exert their profound psychological and physical effects on patient and analyst by biological mechanisms that are as yet poorly understood but are readily observed in clinical practice. Psychoanalysts who keep in conscious awareness both the adaptive value and the potential costs of maintaining the confidences of others over the course of a career are better positioned to assist their patients and themselves in rendering essential self-care.
The Half Embrace of Psychic Bisexuality
Authors: Gulati Rajiv , Pauley David
Published: March 2019

The discourse on psychic bisexuality is explored as it unfolds in Freud’s writings, in contemporary papers by LGBTQ psychoanalysts, and in a volume of essays, Psychic Bisexuality, published in 2018 by a group of prominent French and British analysts (Perelberg 2018). The greater acceptance of nonnormative sexualities and genders is reshaping the discourse on bisexuality and gender in many corners of our profession, yet, as the Perelberg volume attests, that evolution is far from universal. A strain of unquestioned heteronormativity and cisgenderism is evident in Perelberg et al.’s description of the fundamentals of psychic life, a strain that has roots (via a certain one-sided reading of Lacan) in Freud’s unresolved mourning of his inchoate homosexual self. A more embracing vision of bisexuality would seek to “hold,” rather than enact, the grief and anxiety associated with the development of myriad diverse personal patterns.
The Draw to Overwhelm: Consent, Risk, and the Retranslation of Enigma
Authors: Saketopoulou Avgi
Published: March 2019

The concept of affirmative consent presumes a subject who is fully transparent to herself and who can anticipate the precise effects of her assent. This essay proposes limit consent, a concept that offers us different ways to think about the sexual—and about the analytic encounter. Limit consent involves a more nuanced negotiation of limits and becomes possible when the subject makes herself passible (Lyotard 1988) to an other—a condition that is neither active nor passive. Processes described in depth here suggest that passibility has ties to the rousing of infantile sexuality (Freud) and to the subject’s normative perversity (Laplanche). When the psychic economy of the infantile sexual is followed to its apex, a particular kind of state is produced that I call overwhelm—a word that is used here as a noun. Overwhelm is a state of dysregulation that can be confused with, but is not the same as, repetition compulsion. Overwhelm entails risk, and under some circumstances it may open up space toward significant psychic transformations. A detailed clinical example illustrates how overwhelm may make itself known in the clinical encounter, and how it can infiltrate the transference/countertransference. Specific technical suggestions are made regarding analytic work with overwhelm.
On the Natal Body and Its Confusing Place in Mental Life
Authors: Balsam Rosemary H.
Published: March 2019

These reflections concern ongoing confusions in holding together the gestalt of the natal body, sex, gender, and procreation. Highlighting theoretical confusions is the shifting history of relations among the material body, the “psychoanalytic body,”:sex, and gender. Studying these confusions and collecting more data may help the field advance where a rush to theoretical foreclosure will not. Observe, for example, how commonly foreclosing are the terms “masculine” and “feminine” when automatically applied to the merely biological attributes of a sexed body. More confusions arise from theorizing gender identity using split-off images of body parts divorced from any natal referent. In a published clinical case, for instance, the role of the procreative body is characteristically ignored in gender theorizing. Apparently unspeakable horrors of the female body come with its birthing potential and may be a motive for erasure. Julia Kristeva, an exemplary writer, accepts simultaneously a sexed, procreative, and gendered layering in the mind. Her account of the “abject” can shed light on the suppressive horror in our field, which remains almost silent on the body’s procreative potential in everyday life. By contrast, even Ice Age sculptors were engaged with procreative female bodies.
Characterising anxiety in major depressive disorder and its use in predicting antidepressant treatment outcome: An iSPOT-D report
Authors: Braund Taylor A , Palmer Donna M , Williams Leanne M , Harris Anthony WF
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Major depressive disorder commonly co-occurs with one or more anxiety disorders or with clinically significant levels of anxiety symptoms. Although evidence suggests that anxious forms of depression are prognostic of poorer antidepressant outcomes, there is no clear definition of anxious depression, and inferences about clinical outcomes are thus limited. Our objective was to compare and evaluate definitions of anxious depression and anxiety-related scales according to clinical and antidepressant outcome criteria.

Method:

A total of 1008 adults with a current diagnosis of single-episode or recurrent, nonpsychotic, major depressive disorder were assessed at baseline on clinical features. Participants were then randomised to one of three antidepressants and reassessed at 8 weeks regarding remission and response of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale Depression (HRSD17) and the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR16). Anxious depression was defined as major depressive disorder with one or more anxiety disorders or major depressive disorder with a HRSD17 anxiety/somatisation factor score ⩾7. Anxiety-related scales included the HRSD17 anxiety/somatisation factor and the 42-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS42) anxiety and stress subscales.

Results:

Anxious depression definitions showed poor agreement (κ = 0.15) and the HRSD17 anxiety/somatisation factor was weakly correlated with both DASS42 anxiety ( r = 0.24) and stress subscales ( r = 0.20). Anxious depression definitions were also associated with few impairments on clinical features and did not predict poorer antidepressant treatment outcome. However, higher DASS42 anxiety predicted poorer HRSD17 and QIDS-SR16 remission, and item-level analysis found higher scores on items 9 (situational anxiety) and 23 (somatic anxiety) of the DASS42 predicted poorer treatment outcome, even after adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons.

Conclusion:

Common definitions of anxious depression show poor agreement and do not predict poorer treatment outcome. Anxiety symptoms may be better characterised dimensionally using DASS42 when predicting treatment outcome.
Themes Depicted in Running-Related Films: An Opportunity for Co-Viewing and Active Mediation
Authors: Nelson Abigail , Patterson Kelly , Groff Andrew , King Tonya S. , Brady Jodi , Olympia Robert P.
Published: March 2019

Sport participation is an important part of the development of children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify themes depicted in a select number of running-related films. Thirty-one running-related films were independently viewed and analyzed by 4 reviewers. The number of positive and negative themes was 29.5 (95% confidence interval = 26.1-33.4) and 9.0 (95% confidence interval = 7.9-10.2) mean events per hour for all included films, respectively. The most common positive themes were “overcoming physical limitations,” “overcoming mental obstacles,” and “encouragement from family/friends/fans” (2.6, 2.4, and 2.3 mean events per hour, respectively). The most common negative themes were “giving up/losing confidence,” “ignoring injuries,” and “discouragement/ridicule from coach/athletic trainer” (1.2, 1.1, and 0.66 mean events per hour, respectively). In conclusion, the co-viewing of running-related films with pediatric athletes in order to focus on “teachable moments” may encourage the acquisition and development of positive themes and the avoidance and de-emphasis of negative themes.
Distress and Therapeutic Outcomes Among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People of Color
Authors: Lefevor G. Tyler , Janis Rebecca A. , Franklin Alexis , Stone William-Michael
Published: March 2019

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) People of Color experience stressors unique to both TGNC and racial and/or ethnic minority communities, resulting in disparities in mental health. Guided by minority stress and intersectionality theories, we examined initial anxiety and depression, as well as changes in symptoms, in 41,691 clients from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health 2012–2016 dataset. We sought to understand disparities that may exist in distress and therapeutic response between TGNC and cisgender clients. We also examined the intersection of gender and racial and/or ethnic identities to examine how these trends differ for TGNC People of Color. Results from hierarchical linear modeling indicated greater symptom severity, but a slower remission of symptoms of depression and anxiety, among TGNC clients. Interaction effects were nonsignificant; however, TGNC Clients of Color experienced more distress than either White TGNC clients or cisgender Clients of Color. On average, TGNC clients, compared to cisgender clients, utilized an additional 2.5 sessions of therapy.
Moral panic and the new neoliberal compromise
Authors: Hier Sean P
Published: March 2019

Moral panics are conventionally explained as socially regressive overreactions to objectively minor problems. In the early 2000s, moral panics were recast as collective grievances that arise from perceived crises in the moral regulation of everyday life. Emphasizing neoliberal forms of entrepreneurial risk management, the panic-as-regulation perspective provides ways of thinking beyond some of the limitations associated with conventional perspectives. This article shows how the new neoliberal compromise, characterized by ongoing submission to the rule of capital in the absence of familiar ways of securing hegemonic consensus, is calling attention to the importance of theorizing the conjunctural norms of personal responsibility that underscore the panic-as-regulation perspective. By locating market-oriented subjectivities in the wider trajectory of neoliberalism, we achieve two things: first, a clearer understanding of the normative phase of neoliberal rule in whose image the panic-as-regulation perspective is crafted; second, a stronger position to develop insights into post-hegemonic claims-making activities that are appearing across the political and cultural spectrums.
International Tourism in a North–South Model: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Gupta Manash Ranjan , Dutta Priya Brata
Published: March 2019

We develop a static North–South model where North and South are interlinked through international tourism. Northern consumers have demand for southern non-tradable tourism service. Northern development generates additional income in the hands of northern consumers and thus raises their demand for tourism service in South. This leads to a reallocation of resources between the tourism sector and the non-tourism sector in South and thus affects its nature of development. We derive many interesting results from this model. International tourism can act as an engine to solve the poverty problem of southern workers through functional redistribution of southern income. However, it can also act as a constraint to southern economic growth through reduction in its level of investment. Northern development may lower the level of southern real income deflated by the price of southern non-traded tourism service and thus may lead to a welfare loss when the preferences of southern consumers are biased in favour of tourism service. In the case of a labour surplus South, northern development always raises the real income of South through international tourism.

JEL Codes: F22, Z32
Welfare Effect of Free Trade Agreements: A Theoretical Note
Authors: Mandal Avijit
Published: March 2019

Kemp and Wan (1976, Journal of International Economics, 6(1), 95–97) show that customs unions can be welfare enhancing if the imports from the rest of the world (ROW) by the union members are fixed both before and after the formation of the union. This note extends their argument to the case of (a) two small open economies (SOEs) joining a free trade agreement (FTA) and (b) a single SOE joining a pre-existing FTA among similar economies. The particular compensation principle considered is the one suggested by Grinols (1981, Journal of International Economics, 11(2), 259–266). According to this argument, welfare gain is ensured if tariff revenue rises in the post-FTA situation. For our case, this compensation principle translates to the following: welfare gain can be ensured only when import from ROW (with whom the FTA was not signed) rises. Since this will amount to a (meaningless) negative trade diversion effect in the context of the FTA, the source of any such revenue rise has to be external. The general conclusion of the article is therefore that it may be impossible for an FTA per se to ensure increased welfare for SOEs.

JEL Codes: F13, F15
Enabling organizational ambidexterity: Valuation practices and the senior-leadership team
Authors: Knight Eric , Cuganesan Suresh
Published: March 2019

Are design solutions sufficient to strategically manage the tensions key to long-term organizational survival? Managing the competing demands of exploration and exploitation represent a fundamental challenge for senior-leadership teams, but a growing body of research suggests that accommodating the mere co-presence of exploration and exploitation in separated units is not enough. Senior-leadership teams must also integrate and mobilize activities across units to achieve synergistic benefits; however, doing so is fraught with difficulty. We investigate and unpack this conundrum based on an in-depth ethnographic case within a media organization as the senior-leadership team transitioned toward greater synergistic integration of explore/exploit activities across differentiated units. We contribute to ambidexterity research by contrasting the dominant view of resolving tension in prior research with the view of valuing tension in our findings, and revealing the important role that senior-leadership team practices play in this regard. Furthermore, we show that the valuation practices of the senior-leadership team enable constructive divergence to be surfaced amongst the team, thereby extending prior work that has concentrated on the unifying aspects of the senior-leadership team to enable synergistic benefits.
The health-performance framework of presenteeism: Towards understanding an adaptive behaviour
Authors: Karanika-Murray Maria , Biron Caroline
Published: March 2019

The substantial health and financial costs of presenteeism are well-documented. Paradoxically, presenteeism also has a positive side, which has been largely overlooked. Emerging evidence shows that presenteeism can be a choice that offers a range of positive benefits to the ‘presentee’ (an employee who works through illness). In this conceptual article, we view presenteeism as purposeful and adaptive behaviour: a dynamic process that serves the purpose of balancing health constraints and performance demands in tandem. We propose a 2×2 framework of presenteeism (therapeutic, functional, overachieving, and dysfunctional) and suggest that the success of the presenteeism adaptation process depends on the availability of internal capacities and flexible work resources. When the workplace is supportive and provides adequate resources to aid adaptation, presenteeism can be a sustainable choice for maintaining performance under impaired health. We examine the role of resources for functional presenteeism by drawing on conservation of resources theory and self-determination theory. This framework can contribute to a better understanding of presenteeism by viewing it as an adaptive process, considering presentees as heterogeneous groups, and exploring the importance of internal and work resources for balancing health and performance demands. It sketches new avenues for research and practice and the effective management of presenteeism, health, and performance.
Commentary on ‘Democracy and worker representation in the management of change: Lessons from Kurt Lewin and the Harwood Studies’
Authors: Kochan Thomas A
Published: March 2019

This brief commentary highlights the importance of three key points in Desmond and Wilson’s (2018) critique of Coch and French’s (1948) study of resistance to change: (1) researchers need to make explicit the normative frame of reference guiding their research; (2) care is needed to consider the roles that formal or informal worker organizations have on organizational processes and outcomes; and (3) more attention needs to be paid to the expectations that workers have for a voice in organizational policies and workplace conditions.
Productivity yielding in shell and tube heat exchanger by MCDM-NBO approach
Authors: Roy Uttam , Majumder Mrinmoy
Published: March 2019

The productivity of shell and tube heat exchangers are governed by various geometrical parameters like tube diameter, tube thickness, tube length, tube pitch, tube layout, installation area and baffle spacing of the heat exchanger. The operational efficiency of heat exchangers is highly influenced by the characteristics of heat exchanger parameters. The exchanger efficiency gets trapped due to many incongruities’ effects like over-pressure, bio-fouling, chemical fouling and corrosion. The selection of optimum design configuration is essential to achieve higher operational efficiency for a heat exchanger. But the performance and reliability of the optimization process play a key role in selecting and deselecting significant and insignificant parameters, respectively. So, cognitive selection of parameters and henceforth a reliable optimization process is required to identify optimal design for a heat exchanger. Moreover, economic factors also contribute to attain a consolidated yield result for a heat exchanger. This research proposes an optimal configuration with the help of ensemble output obtained by multi-criteria decision making and nature-based optimization algorithm. It has been found that exchange efficiency in optimal configuration is boosted by 22% from prototype heat exchanger.
Analysis of parameters of railway bridge vibration caused by moving rail vehicles
Authors: Kilikevicius Arturas , Fursenko Antanas , Jurevicius Mindaugas , Kilikeviciene Kristina , Bureika Gintautas
Published: March 2019

The durability and endurance of the exploitation of railway bridges depend on the intensity and the manner of the static and dynamic loads affecting them. Heavy freight trains passing the bridges cause huge vertical and dual-axis vibrations, which are evidenced by the fatigue of the construction of the bridge. The scatter of the acceleration intensity of the railway bridge vibratory oscillation and their parameters are analysed while applying the theory of covariation functions. The results of the measurements of the intensity of the acceleration of vibratory oscillation in the points of support beams recorded in the timescale in the form of arrays (matrixes). Applied covariance function method provides measurement equipment and experimental simplicity of the analysis of the railway bridge vibration signals. The standard scores of mutual covariation functions of the array of the measurement results of the acceleration of digital vibratory oscillation and the standard scores of the auto-covariance functions of separate arrays are altering considering the interval of quantization in the timescale. Results gained by analysis prove the advantage of the rationed auto-covariational functions method while analysing the dynamic oscillation of bridges.
Impact of Income and Education on Socio-Political Values of Women: An Empirical Study of Pakistani Working Women
Authors: Zafar Rida
Published: March 2019

A significant number of studies indicate that economic prosperity promotes higher values such as democracy, equality and freedom of choice. Pakistan has witnessed a considerable increase in the size of the middle class contributing to the increased participation of women in the labour force. This increase may translate into higher values among working women across income classes. This article draws on structured interviews ( n = 350) with working women in the metropolis Lahore to investigate the extent their socioeconomic status is linked with self-expressive values. By using the ordinal logit model, this paper observes that significant differences exist in women’s perceptions and values across income and education groups. This study confirms that women with higher income and education levels are more independent in their choices. They exercise more authority in their personal and public life. Results also confirm their considerable interest in the democratization process and diminishing involvement in religious practices relative to middle- and lower-income and education groups.

JEL Classification: A13, F63 Z13, C30
How do external territorial threats affect mass killing?
Authors: Hong Mi Hwa , Kim Nam Kyu
Published: March 2019

The current scholarship on mass killing demonstrates that genocide and other forms of mass murder are usually policy responses to threats, emphasizing armed conflict and political upheaval, such as revolution, as important causal factors. However, scholars have so far had little to say about the relationship between a country’s external threat environment and mass killing. We argue that a country’s external security environment, particularly when its neighbors pose threats to its territorial integrity, is a critical and understudied factor shaping a leader’s decision to employ mass killing. External territorial threats can produce domestic in-group/out-group dynamics, heightening fears that some domestic groups may be supporting or colluding with the enemy. Yet, given the availability of alternative policies and the enormous costs of mass killing, territorial threats alone do not suffice to explain why a state chooses mass killing over other types of violent or nonviolent strategies. Only when leaders are committed to exclusionary ideologies, are territorial threats more likely to catalyze hatred and fear of domestic out-groups, increasing a leader’s willingness to direct massive violence against them. Such leaders are more likely to frame domestic out-groups as inherently threatening and as enemies to be eliminated. Our empirical analysis reveals that a country’s territorial threat, measured by either territorial rivalries or territorial claims, is associated with a greater likelihood of mass killing onset only when leaders hold exclusionary ideologies.
Time- and space-parallel simulation of air traffic networks
Authors: Kim Young Jin , Mavris Dimitri , Fujimoto Richard
Published: March 2019

Computer simulations are widely used to design and evaluate air traffic systems. A fast time simulation capability is essential to effectively explore the consequences of decisions in airspace design, air traffic management, and operations. A parallel simulation approach is proposed to accelerate fast time simulation of air traffic networks that exploits both temporal and spatial parallelisms. A time-parallel algorithm is first described that simulates different time intervals concurrently and uses a fix up computation that exploits the scheduled nature of commercial air traffic to address the problem of dependencies between time segments. The time-parallel algorithm is then extended with a space-parallel simulation approach using Time Warp to simulate each time segment in parallel thereby increasing the amount of parallelism that can be exploited. The time and space-parallel algorithms are evaluated using a simulation of the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). Experimental data is presented demonstrating that this approach can achieve greater acceleration than what can be achieved by exploiting time-parallel or space-parallel simulation techniques alone.
Not so welcome here? Modelling the impact of ethnic in-movers on the length of stay of home-owners in micro-neighbourhoods
Authors: Easton Sue , Pryce Gwilym
Published: March 2019

This paper considers the length of stay of home-owners with white British names in the 40% most-deprived census areas of Glasgow, Scotland. We estimate the impact of ethnically ‘other’ name-group inflows through property purchases at the micro-neighbourhood level. We use a novel longitudinal data set, constructed from the population of home-buyers recorded in all property transaction records from 2003 to 2014, from which we impute ethnicity using name-matching software. We estimate how the survival time (length of ownership) of home-owners with white British names is affected by in-migration of house-buyers from different ethnic name-groups into the micro-neighbourhood, defined as a 50 m radius around each home. Results suggest a complex set of associations between ethnically ‘other’ purchasers/in-movers (based on name groups) and duration of home-ownership for white-British named owners. The most consistent finding is for in-moving purchasers with Pakistani (primarily Muslim) names, which tend to have a relatively large accelerant effect on the moving propensity of home-owners who have white British names. This was true in areas of both high and low non-white ethnic population share. We also find evidence of nonlinearity in this relationship: the accelerant effect diminishes with each additional in-move from purchasers with Pakistani names. The name group with the largest overall accelerant effect was for in-movers with non-white Other names, which were also primarily Muslim in origin, though this effect was less consistent across models.
Repertoires of statecraft: instruments and logics of power politics
Authors: Goddard Stacie E , MacDonald Paul K , Nexon Daniel H
Published: March 2019

Issues involving ‘statecraft’ lie at the heart of most major debates about world politics, yet scholars do not go far enough in analyzing how the processes of statecraft themselves can reshape the international system. We draw on the growing relational-processual literature in international relations theory to explore how different modes of statecraft can help create and refashion the structure of world politics. In particular, we argue that scholars should reconceive statecraft in terms of repertoires. An emphasis on repertoires sheds light on a number of issues, including how statecraft influences patterns of technological innovation, the construction of institutional and normative orders, and the pathways through which states mobilize power in world politics.
The sorcerer’s apprentice: Liberalism, ideology, and religion in world politics
Authors: Jahn Beate
Published: March 2019

Despite repeated announcements of the end of ideology and the demise of religion during the twentieth century, both play a crucial role in world politics today. This disjuncture between theoretical expectations and historical developments has its roots in conventional conceptions of ideology. While the latter grasp the representative nature of ideology as an expression of historical forces and political interests, they miss its constitutive role for modern politics. Based on an analysis of its historical origins and political implications, this article develops a new conception of ideology which accounts for the resilience and historical dynamics of ideological struggle. Like the sorcerer’s apprentice, I show, liberalism has called ideology into being but lost control of its own creation.
The promise and record of international institutions
Authors: Brown Chris
Published: March 2019

In 1919 the attempt was made to reset the institutions governing international relations, with new patterns of expected behaviour and new international organisations. The key organisation, the League of Nations, effectively remains in place, albeit rebranded as the United Nations, but in 2019 great power relations have reverted to pre-1914 modes of conduct; attempts to extend the range of international institutions after the end of the Cold War have failed at the level of the central system. Outside of this central system, an extensive human rights regime, new notions of sovereignty and the development of international criminal law have produced a new set of institutions and expectations, an embryonic ‘global polity’ based on post-1945 European political experience and extending to democracies in Latin America and Africa. The rise of populism is placing strains on this global polity and the relations between this mode of doing international relations and that of the three major powers is also a source of tension – the fate of the liberal internationalist ideas set in train in 1919 remains in the balance.
Utilizing Facebook Statistics in Tourism Demand Modeling and Destination Marketing
Authors: Önder Irem , Gunter Ulrich , Gindl Stefan
Published: March 2019

Facebook is a popular social media platform used by both the demand and the supply sides of the tourism industry. Since there is a huge amount of information on the Internet, which can lead to information overload, individuals tend to apply the principle of least effort in attempting to obtain useful information as quickly and easily as possible. One of the easiest ways to retrieve travel information is by visiting the Facebook pages of destinations. This study investigates the foundations of the usefulness of Facebook Statistics: in particular of likes on DMO Facebook pages as a potential predictor of tourism demand, in addition to previous arrival numbers. In- and out-of-sample results show that the DMOs of Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Vienna can already utilize likes as an expedient leading indicator for demand, albeit not the only one. These findings are recommended to be incorporated into the DMOs’ marketing efforts.
Th. Dobzhansky and the development of evolutionary biology in the USSR
Authors: Konashev Mikhail B.
Published: March 2019

Th. Dobzhansky played a special role in the reception and development of the “synthetic theory of evolution,” as well as in the establishment of scientific connections between Soviet and U.S. evolutionists, and first and foremost, geneticists. These connections greatly influenced the development of Soviet genetics, of evolutionary theory and evolutionary biology as a whole, and in particular the restoration of Soviet genetics in the late 1960s. A discussion of Dobzhansky’s correspondence and collaboration with colleagues in his native country, moreover, allows for an improved understanding of the complex and dramatic history of Soviet genetics and evolutionary theory. It also provides novel insights into the interactions between scientists and authorities in the Soviet Union (USSR).
The Complex Relation Between Receptivity to Pseudo-Profound Bullshit and Political Ideology
Authors: Nilsson Artur , Erlandsson Arvid , Västfjäll Daniel
Published: March 2019

This research systematically mapped the relationship between political ideology and receptivity to pseudo-profound bullshit—that is, obscure sentences constructed to impress others rather than convey truth. Among Swedish adults ( N = 985), bullshit receptivity was (a) robustly positively associated with socially conservative (vs. liberal) self-placement, resistance to change, and particularly binding moral intuitions (loyalty, authority, purity); (b) associated with centrism on preference for equality and even leftism (when controlling for other aspects of ideology) on economic ideology self-placement; and (c) lowest among right-of-center social liberal voters and highest among left-wing green voters. Most of the results held up when we controlled for the perceived profundity of genuine aphorisms, cognitive reflection, numeracy, information processing bias, gender, age, education, religiosity, and spirituality. The results are supportive of theoretical accounts that posit ideological asymmetries in cognitive orientation, while also pointing to the existence of bullshit receptivity among both right- and left-wingers.
Decision tree classification: Ranking journals using IGIDI
Authors: Shaheen Muhammad , Zafar Tanveer , Ali Khan Sajid
Published: March 2019

Selection of an attribute for placement of the decision tree at an appropriate position (e.g. root of the tree) is an important decision. Many attribute selection measures such as Information Gain, Gini Index and Entropy have been developed for this purpose. The suitability of an attribute generally depends on the diversity of its values, relevance and dependency. Different attribute selection measures have different criteria for measuring the suitability of an attribute. Diversity Index is a classical statistical measure for determining the diversity of values, and according to our knowledge, it has never been used as an attribute selection method. In this article, we propose a novel attribute selection method for decision tree classification. In the proposed scheme, the average of Information Gain, Gini Index and Diversity Index are taken into account for assigning a weight to the attributes. The attribute with the highest average value is selected for the classification. We have empirically tested our proposed algorithm for classification of different data sets of scientific journals and conferences. We have developed a web-based application named JC-Rank that makes use of our proposed algorithm. We have also compared the results of our proposed technique with some existing decision tree classification algorithms.
The citation advantage for open access science journals with and without article processing charges
Authors: Ghane Mohammad Reza , Niazmand Mohammad Reza , Sabet Sarvestani Ameneh
Published: March 2019

In this study of access models, we compared citation performance in journals that do and do not levy article processing charges (APCs) as part of their business model. We used a sample of journals from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) science class and its 13 subclasses and recorded four citation metrics: JIF, H-index, citations per publication (CPP) and quartile rank. We examined 1881 science journals indexed in DOAJ. Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports and Web of Science were used to extract JIF, H-index, CPP and quartile category. Overall, the JIF, H-index and CPP indicated that APC and non-APC open access (OA) journals had equal impact. Quartile category ranking indicated a difference in favour of APC journals. In each science subclass, we found significant differences between APC and non-APC journals in all citation metrics except for quartile rank. Discipline-related variations were observed in non-APC journals. Differences in the rank positions of scores in different groups identified citation advantages for non-APC journals in physiology, zoology, microbiology and geology, followed by botany, astronomy and general biology. Impact ranged from moderate to low in physics, chemistry, human anatomy, mathematics, general science and natural history. The results suggest that authors should consider field- and discipline-related differences in the OA citation advantage, especially when they are considering non-APC OA journals categorised in two or more subjects. This may encourage OA publishing at least in the science class.
An improved evidence-based aggregation method for sentiment analysis
Authors: Jamadi Khiabani Parisa , Basiri Mohammad Ehsan , Rastegari Hamid
Published: March 2019

Sentiment analysis is one of the natural language processing tasks used to find reviews expressed in online texts and classify them into different classes. One of the most important factors affecting the efficiency of sentiment analysis methods is the aggregation algorithm used for scores combination. Recently, Dempster–Shafer algorithm has been used for scores aggregation. This algorithm has a higher precision than common methods such as average, weighed average, product and voting, but the problem with this algorithm is the aggregation of a dominant high or low score that is always selected by the algorithm as the overall score. In the current research, a new method is proposed for scores aggregation that employs both the most and the second probable classes to predict the final score. The proposed approach considers every review as a set of sentences each of which has its own sentiment orientation and score and computes the probability of belonging of every sentence to different classes in a five-star scale using a pure lexicon-based system. These probabilities are then used for document-level sentiment detection. To this aim, two-point structure is used to improve the Dempster–Shafer aggregation algorithm. The proposed method is applied to review datasets of TripAdvisor and CitySearch which have been used in previous studies. The obtained results show that in comparison with the original Dempster–Shafer aggregation method, the precision of the proposed method for both datasets is 23% and 27% higher, respectively.
“I Just Go on Wi-Fi”: Imagining Worlds Through Professional Basketball Migrants’ Deployment of Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Faulkner Christopher , Molnar Gyozo , Kohe Geoff
Published: March 2019

The connection between athletes and technology has developed in recent years, with the focus on how lives are augmented and presented through this relationship. Building on previous reflections concerning the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to support the sometimes fractious experiences of sport migration, we suggest a need to develop our understandings of migrant athletes’ use of ICT by interrogating socially-embedded processes driving its usage. In so doing, we draw on 18 semistructured interviews with professional basketball migrants based (at the time) in the United Kingdom but whose seasonal work moves them frequently across the globe. We explore these participants’ experiences through the lens of Appadurai’s model of scapes and disjuncture. With this framework we explore themes of negotiation, need, expectation, and barriers. Consequently, we propose expanding how we understand migrant athletes’ relationships with technology.
“Més Que Un Joc?”: Sport and Contemporary Political Nationalism in Scotland and Catalonia
Authors: Whigham Stuart , Lopez-Gonzalez Hibai , Ramon Xavier
Published: March 2019

This article focuses upon two contexts which have arguably received the most academic and media attention with regard to the interconnection between sport and secessionist nationalism, Scotland and Catalonia, given that both “submerged nations” have held public referenda on the topic of independence/secession from the states of the United Kingdom and Spain, respectively. The analysis endeavors to draw parallels between the two contexts to critically examine the extent to which similarities and differences are evident in terms of the growth of political nationalism. Finally, the central discussion outlines the extent to which sport contributed to broader political developments in the recent campaigns for the establishment of independent Scottish and Catalan states, focusing upon the actions of prominent sporting personalities and organizations.
Perioperative intraperitoneal metabolic markers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: an exploratory pilot study
Authors: Seilitz Jenny , Vidlund Mårten , Axelsson Birger , Nilsson Kristofer F , Norgren Lars , Friberg Örjan , Jansson Kjell
Published: March 2019

Background:

Cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative cardiac dysfunction cause splanchnic hypoperfusion resulting in intra-abdominal anaerobic metabolism and risk for gastrointestinal complications. The intra-abdominal metabolism can be monitored by intraperitoneal measurement of relevant metabolites using microdialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the intraperitoneal metabolism using microdialysis during and after cardiopulmonary bypass at 34°C.

Methods:

In six patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass, microdialysis was used to measure intraperitoneal and subcutaneous glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and glutamate concentrations, intraoperatively and up to 36 hours postoperatively. Arterial and central venous blood gases were analysed as were haemodynamics and the development of complications.

Results:

All patients had an ordinary perioperative course and did not develop gastrointestinal complications. The arterial, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous lactate concentrations changed during the perioperative course with differences between compartments. The highest median (interquartile range) concentration was recorded in the intraperitoneal compartment at 1 hour after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (2.1 (1.9–2.5) mM compared to 1.3 (1.2–1.7) mM and 1.5 (1.0–2.2) mM in the arterial and subcutaneous compartments, respectively). In parallel with the peak increase in lactate concentration, the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio was elevated to 33.4 (12.9–54.1).

Conclusion:

In cardiac surgery, intraperitoneal microdialysis detected changes in the abdominal metabolic state, which were more pronounced than could be shown by arterial blood gas analysis. Despite an uneventful perioperative course, patients undergoing low-risk surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass might be subjected to a limited and subclinical intra-abdominal anaerobic state.