bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Benign and Malignant Lesions of Breast
Authors: Jyoshna V. , Shruthikamal V.
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast carcinoma is the second most common carcinoma in India. Breast carcinoma can have a good prognosis when detected in an early stage, distinguishing and staging the disease can facilitate the opportunity of giving the best and appropriate treatment ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the incidence of the histopathological spectrum of breast lesions including both benign and malignant lesions of the breast.

Aim: This research is aimed to assess the incidence of histopathological features of benign and malignant lesions of the breast.

Method: It is a retrospective study of histopathological features of benign and malignant lesions of the breast over the past two years in Saveetha medical college. The specimens were received in the pathology department's histopathology section. Fixation, comprehensive sampling, and tissue processing were performed after a complete physical evaluation of the specimens. The different lesions were evaluated and analyzed. Neoplastic lesions were classified according to WHO categorization.

Results: In our analysis, unilateral lesions were far more common (98%) than bilateral lesions. 144 (43.07 percent) of the 334 cases we received throughout the study period were benign, with fibroadenoma accounting for 75 (22.4 percent) of all instances and fibrocystic lesion accounting for the remaining cases of 24 (7.18%). Invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounted for 140 instances of malignancy, was the most prevalent (41.9 percent). The range of age of cases is from 14 years to 77 years. The prevalence of benign lesions was highest in the 15–30 year age group. Among 334 cases, 315 were females and 19 were male.

Conclusion: Differentiating benign from malignant tumors relies heavily on histopathology. It is critical to conduct breast cancer awareness studies, screening programs, and basic training and incentive for women to seek medical attention as soon as a breast lump is palpated, as this can lower the morbidity and mortality associated with breast tumors.
A Study on ‘Why Outsourcing in Health Care’ by Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance Method
Authors: Tirkey Sudhir , Mishra Debraj , Mahalik Dr.D.K.
Published: February 2022

Outsourcing is not new and is growing in consonance with advancement of technical innovations, speed of digital communications, transformation and changes in the business environment and with that of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of world as whole. It is being used by the business mangers as more of a strategic weapon to garner the competitive advantage and mitigate the competitive forces of the business. While outsourcing has many success stories, when used properly, with an objective of service providers, as partner in progress, is not free from negative consequence. Hence, understanding that outsourcing help the business leaders, the practicing owners, practicing administrators, decision makers in health care sector those who battle on a day–to–day basis to effectively manage the available scare resources, by making a conscious approach, while deciding in favor of outsourcing. An attempt has been made in this research to test the reasons in favor of outsourcing in health care sector.
Gregório Thaumaturgo de Azevedo and the brazilian nursing / Gregório Thaumaturgo de Azevedo e a enfermagem brasileira
Authors: Labriola Claudia , Porto Fernando , Lourenço Lucia Helena Silva Correa
Published: February 2022

Este estudo de abordagem em micro-história, tem delimitação temporal em 1908, quando Gregório Thaumaturgo de Azevedo foi eleito presidente da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira a 1918, sua saída da instituição. Foi realizado na hemeroteca digital da Biblioteca Nacional e foram encontradas notícias nos jornais Correio da Manhã e O Paiz que apontaram a criação da escola de enfermeiras voluntárias em 1914 e em 1916, a escola de enfermeiras práticas. A gestão do marechal coincidiu com a Primeira Guerra Mundial e a notícia do curso de padioleiros indica o interesse em formar profissionais para a guerra. As notícias também indicam a aquisição do terreno que hoje encontra-se a sede. Em 1918, durante a epidemia de gripe espanhola, foi tomada a iniciativa pioneira de abrir uma enfermaria nas dependências da instituição. Essa gestão conquistou o espaço social, político e sanitário demarcando a história, devido as suas iniciativas voltadas para profissionalização da enfermagem.
Regulating the Electronic Configuration of Supported Iron Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Catalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Liqun , Peng Wei , Feng Jianmin , Li Dejun , Su Bing‐Jian , Juang Jenh‐Yih , Ma Yanfu , Chen Yanping , Hou Feng , Zhou Si , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Liu Jian , Liang Ji
Published: February 2022

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a sustainable alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process due to its eco‐friendly nature and capability of utilizing renewable energy. However, its low Faradic efficiency (FE), caused by the excessive adsorption and reduction of protons, has been regarded as the main challenge, which leads to low ammonia yield as well. Herein, a carbon‐supported iron electrocatalyst is reported, which is fabricated by low‐temperature (300 °C) potassium vapor reduction of FeF3‐intercalated graphite fluoride, for efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The strategy enables the unique formation of exposed Fe nanoparticles uniformly anchored on graphene and in situ doped with fluorine heteroatoms. These specific features can alter the electronic configuration of the Fe nanoparticles, leading to strong surface polarization that boosts nitrogen absorption capability for eNRR, resulting in high FE (41.6%) and ammonia yield rate (53.3 μg h‐1 mg‐1) simultaneously. First‐principle calculation attributes this enhanced eNRR capability to more empty orbitals carried by the Fe atoms through the electron transfer with F dopant and substrate. As a versatile strategy for synthesizing various ultrafine and highly dispersed metal nanoparticles on the carbon support, this work might shed light on rational designing essential electrocatalysts with effective electronic structure manipulation.
Hydrogen Bond‐Functionalized Massive Solvation Modules Stabilizing Bilateral Interfaces
Authors: Chen Wenyong , Guo Shan , Qin Liping , Li Lanyan , Cao Xinxin , Zhou Jiang , Luo Zhigao , Fang Guozhao , Liang Shuquan
Published: February 2022

Although mild aqueous electrolytes endow zinc‐ion batteries with intrinsic security surpassing that of lithium‐ion batteries, whether irreversible zinc deposition and related corrosion on the anode or cathode species dissolution severely circumscribes their cyclic stability, especially at low current density. Here, hydrogen bond‐functionalized massive solvation modules in a maltose‐based hybrid electrolyte are constructed, which is crucial for the stability of bilateral interfaces in the cycling process, to address this infamous issue. The intensive solvated interactions and diffusion hindrance effect yield uniform deposition of zinc at the anode interface, while the hydrogen bond confinement to free water interdicts derived parasitic reactions. As for the cathode interface, the massive solvation modules avoid structural framework collapse from vanadium dissolution and preserve low interfacial activation energy during cycling. The above bilateral interface regulation enables resultant full batteries to unprecedentedly maintain 84.2% of its initial specific capacity after 400 continuous cycles even at a very low current density of 50 mA g–1. This work provides a new perspective toward economical and eco‐friendly electrolytes for stable aqueous batteries.
Anisotropic Hybrid Hydrogels Constructed via the Noncovalent Assembly for Biomimetic Tissue Scaffold
Authors: Lin Xinghuan , Xing Xin , Li Shanshan , Wu Xiaoyi , Jia Qiaoqiao , Tu Hu , Bian Haolin , Lu Ang , Zhang Lina , Yang Hongye , Duan Bo
Published: February 2022

Anisotropic structure is key for exploring the biomimetic functions of anisotropic hydrogels. However, the anisotropic hydrogel study should not be limited to its architecture design but must include the understanding and improvement of the internal interaction among their components. Herein, a noncovalent mediated assembly strategy is proposed to simultaneously improve the chitin chain mobility and enhance the interfacial interaction, for achieving anisotropic chitin/2D material (molybdenum disulfide and brushite as example) hydrogels via mechanical deformation. Tannic acid (TA) is used to i) introduce the dynamic noncovalent crosslinking structure among the chitin chains for affording considerable molecular mobility to allow chitin chains alignment under mechanical deformation; ii) enhance chitin–2D interfacial interaction for benefiting 2D materials orientation under the chitin chains driving. The design concept achieves multiple noncovalent assembly crosslinks (chitin–chitin, chitin–TA, and chitin–TA–2D) and biomimetic anisotropic nanofibrous morphology, leading to the superior mechanical performance. The anisotropic chitin–TA/brushite hydrogel effectively accelerates bone regeneration by promoting cell osteogenic differentiation and directional migration, showing potential in tissue engineering. It is anticipated that the noncovalent mediated assembly concept could be used to fabricate other polymer based composite anisotropic hydrogels for diverse applications.
Polydimethylsiloxane‐Silane Synergy enables Dropwise Condensation of Low Surface Tension Liquids
Authors: Fazle Rabbi Kazi , Ho Jin Yao , Yan Xiao , Ma Jingcheng , Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Sett Soumyadip , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: February 2022

Despite decades of research on promoting the dropwise condensation of steam, achieving dropwise condensation of low surface tension liquids remains a challenge. The few coatings reported to promote dropwise condensation of low surface tension liquids either require complex fabrication methods, are substrate dependent or have poor scalability. Here, the rational development of a coating, which is applicable to all conventionally used condenser metals, is presented by combining a low contact angle hysteresis polydimethylsiloxane with a low surface energy silane using atmospheric vapor phase deposition. The siloxane‐silane coating enables the dropwise condensation of fluids with surface tensions as low as 15 mN m−1 in pure vapor conditions. This siloxane‐silane coating enables a 274%, 347%, and 636% heat transfer enhancement during ethanol, hexane, and pentane condensation, respectively, when compared to filmwise condensation on the same un‐coated surfaces. Furthermore, this coating exhibits 15 days of steady dropwise condensation with no apparent signs of coating degradation. This study not only demonstrates the possibility of achieving stable dropwise condensation of low surface tension fluids on scalable, structure‐less surfaces, it also develops design principles for creating facile, substrate‐independent, durable, and scalable omniphobic coatings for a plethora of applications.
In Situ Generated Yb2Si2O7 Environmental Barrier Coatings for Protection of Ceramic Components in the Next Generation of Gas Turbines
Authors: Lenz Leite Mateus , Degenhardt Ulrich , Krenkel Walter , Schafföner Stefan , Motz Günter
Published: February 2022

In face of an accelerating climate change, the reduction and substitution of fossil fuels is crucial to decarbonize energy production. Gas turbines can operate with versatile fuel sources like natural gas and future fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Furthermore, thermal efficiencies above 60% can be achieved using non‐oxide silicon‐based ceramic components. However, water vapor is one of the main combustion products leading to rapid corrosion because of volatilization of the protective SiO2 layer at 1200 °C. An in situ generated Yb2Si2O7 double layered environmental barrier coating system composed of silazanes and the active fillers Yb2O3 and Si processed at 1415 °C for 5 h in air protects a Si3N4 substrate very effectively from corrosion. It exhibits a dense microstructure with a total thickness of 68 µm, overcomes 15 thermal cycling tests between 1200 and 20 °C and shows almost no mass loss after very harsh hot gas corrosion at 1200 °C for 200 h (pH2O = 0.15 atm, v = 100 m s−1). The excellent adhesion strength (36.9 ± 6.2 MPa), hardness (6.9 ± 1.6 GPa) and scratch resistance (28 N) demonstrate that the coating system is very promising for application in the next generation of gas turbines.
Electronic Structure, Bonding, and Stability of Boron Subphthalocyanine Halides and Pseudohalides
Authors: Hildebrand Mariana , Holst Devon , Bender Timothy , Kronik Leeor
Published: February 2022

Halides and pseudohalides of boron subphthalocyanine (BsubPc) are promising candidates for efficient yet stable organic photovoltaics. Here, the electronic structure of such molecules, obtained using density functional theory, is considered. Based on the calculations, it is found that the tetrameric boron bond is stabilized by an inductive effect at the axial substituent and by conjugative effects across the ring system. It is further found that stability is dictated mostly by the axial moiety, such that Br‐BsubPc is the most fitting precursor structure for further synthesis steps, whereas F‐BsubPc is the most suitable candidate for long‐term device performance. H‐BsubPc is examined as a new BsubPc derivative, and found to be too volatile for long term device performance. Finally, it is shown that peripheral substitution dictates the position of frontier orbitals, thereby allowing for essentially separate optimization of material properties and material stability.
Agronomic and economic performance of 26‐year corn–soybean rotation affected by tillage and fertilization in eastern Canada
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ravelojaona Nomena , St. Luce Mervin , Ziadi Noura
Published: February 2022

Adoption of conservation practices such as no‐tillage (NT) may benefit soil properties and related yields. However, magnitude of changes is dependent upon time scale, soil characteristics, and climatic conditions, which has received little attention in eastern Canada. A 26‐yr field experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil at L'Acadie, southwestern Quebec, to evaluate the effect of NT vs. moldboard plow (MP) and mineral N (0, 80, and 160 kg N ha–1) and P (0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha–1) fertilization on grain yields, soil properties, and annual net returns of a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Tillage was performed every year, while fertilizers were only applied to the corn phase. Throughout the years, the site responded well to N fertilization but not consistently to P. Tillage system did not affect corn grain yield in the first 10 yr, but yield gradually declined under NT and produced 2.3 Mg ha–1 less than MP with recommended N rate in the last 8 yr. By contrast, NT reduced soybean yield in the first decade (0.32 Mg ha−1) but not thereafter. After 24 yr of implementation, NT largely increased organic matter and Mehlich‐3 P and K in the 0‐to‐5‐cm surface layer, but this did not translate into higher yields. Compared with NT, MP achieved CAN$200 ha–1 more revenue during last years at recommended N rate despite higher operation costs. Results demonstrated that under northern latitudes, this clay soil was not appropriate for NT.
Concomitant splenic artery ligation has no preventive effect on left‐sided portal hypertension following pancreaticoduodenectomy with the resection of the portal and superior mesenteric vein confluence for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gyoten Kazuyuki , Mizuno Shugo , Nagata Motonori , Ito Takahiro , Hayasaki Aoi , Murata Yasuhiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Kishiwada Masashi , Sakurai Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Background

Left‐sided portal hypertension (LSPH) caused by splenic vein (SV) division in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein (PV) resection remains challenging. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of splenic artery (SA) ligation in preventing LSPH.

Methods

One‐hundred thirty patients who underwent PD with PV resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were classified into SV and SA preservation (SVP, n = 30), SV resection and SA preservation (SVR, n = 59), and SV resection and SA ligation (SAL, n = 41). The postoperative incidence of LSPH was assessed.

Results

The incidence of variceal formation in SVP, SVR, and SAL were 4.8%, 53.2%, and 46.4% at 3 mo, 13.0%, 71.2%, and 62.5% at 6 mo, and 25.0%, 87.5%, and 87.1% at 12 mo, respectively. The rate was significantly higher in SVR at 3 and 6 mo (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively) and in SVR and SAL (P < .001) at 12 mo. Variceal hemorrhage occurred only in SVR (n = 4). The platelet count ratio at 3, 6, and 12 mo began to significantly decrease from 3 mo in SVR (0.77, 0.67, and 0.60, respectively; P < .001) and 6 mo in SAL (0.91, 0.73, and 0.69, respectively; P < .001). The spleen volume ratio also showed significant increase from 3 mo in SVR (1.24, 1.34, and 1.42, respectively; P < .001) and 6 mo in SAL (1.31, 1.32, and 1.34, respectively; P < .001). SVR and SAL were significant risk factors for variceal formation at 12 mo (odds ratio, 21.0 and 20.3, respectively).

Conclusion

In PD with PV resection, SAL delayed LSPH but could not prevent its occurrence.
Very small‐scale, segregating‐fluidized‐bed experiments: A dataset for CFD‐DEM validation and uncertainty quantification
Authors: LaMarche W. Casey Q. , Dahl Steven R. , Fullmer William D. , Hrenya Christine M.
Published: February 2022

Fluidization experiments were conducted on a small scale and with a rapid response (short duration) to enable corresponding simulations at low‐computational cost. Rise times are reported for four or fewer polyethylene particles (intruders) in an air‐fluidized bed of ~5000 group D glass beads. Experimental inputs were completely characterized—particle properties, system dimensions and operating conditions—which is necessary for validating computational fluid mechanics (CFD)‐discrete element method (DEM) including a comprehensive uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis. Input uncertainties are reported as bounds or cumulative distribution functions of measured values. The staggering number of simulations required to complete a UQ analysis (~O[104] simulations corresponding to ~5 uncertain inputs) motivates this study. These segregating‐bed experiments are designed to permit analogous CFD‐DEM simulations to complete in less than a day on a single (~2.5 GHz) computational processor unit (CPU). Segregation times are reported for several operating conditions, intruder sizes, and initial configurations, providing a rich dataset for numerical model testing, validation and UQ.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Arm Tremor: A Randomized Trial Comparing Two Targets
Authors: Kvernmo Nadja , Konglund Ane E. , Reich Martin M. , Roothans Jonas , Pripp Are H. , Dietrichs Espen , Volkmann Jens , Skogseid Inger Marie
Published: February 2022

Objective

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) effectively suppresses arm tremor. Uncontrolled studies suggest the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) may be superior. We compared the intra‐individual efficacy of VIM‐ versus PSA‐DBS on tremor suppression and arm function.

Methods

We performed a randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial at Oslo University Hospital in patients (18–80 years) with isolated or combined action tremor affecting at least one arm. Four‐contact DBS leads were implanted (bi‐ or unilaterally) with a trajectory to cover the VIM (upper two contacts) and PSA (lower two contacts). Patients were randomized (1:1 ratio) post‐surgery to: Group 1, VIM‐stimulation months 0–3 (period 1), then PSA‐stimulation months 4–6 (period 2); Group 2, PSA‐stimulation first, then VIM‐stimulation. Primary endpoint was the difference in improvement from baseline to the end of the VIM‐ versus PSA‐period in the sum of the dominant arm tremor scores of the Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS), items 5/6 + 10−14.

Results

Forty‐five patients were randomized to Group 1 (n = 23) or 2 (n = 22). In the primary endpoint per‐protocol analysis (mixed model, n = 40), mean difference in the sum FTMTRS score improvement for the dominant arm was −2.65 points (95% CI −4.33 to −0.97; p = 0.002). The difference in favour of PSA stimulation was highly significant in period 2, but not period 1.

Interpretation

Our randomized trial demonstrated that PSA stimulation provided superior tremor suppression compared with VIM stimulation. A period effect reducing tremor for up to three months in both groups was most likely attributed to a post‐surgery stun effect. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:585–601
COVID‐19‐Associated Critical Illness Myopathy with Direct Viral Effects
Authors: Dodig Dubravka , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Margeta Marta , Gordon Katerina , Fritzler Marvin J. , Lu Jian‐Qiang
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2 infection) can lead to intensive care unit (ICU) admission and critical illness myopathy (CIM). We examined 3 ICU patients with COVID‐19 who required mechanical ventilation for pneumonia and developed CIM. Pathological examination of the skeletal muscle biopsies revealed myopathic changes consistent with CIM, variable inflammation with autophagic vacuoles, SARS‐CoV immunostaining + fibers/granules, and electron microscopy findings of mitochondrial abnormalities and coronavirus‐like particles. Although mitochondrial dysfunction with compromised energy production is a critical pathogenic mechanism of non‐COVID‐19‐associated CIM, in our series of COVID‐19‐associated CIM, myopathic changes including prominent mitochondrial damage suggest a similar mechanism and association with direct SARS‐CoV‐2 muscle infection. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:568–574
Reactive Extrusion Printing for Simultaneous Crystallization‐Deposition of Metal–Organic Framework Films
Authors: Al‐Ghazzawi Fatimah , Conte Luke , Richardson Christopher , Wagner Pawel
Published: February 2022

Reactive extrusion printing (REP) is demonstrated as an approach to simultaneously crystallize and deposit films of the metal–organic framework (MOF) Cu3btc2 (btc=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate), also known as HKUST‐1. The technique co‐delivers inks of the copper(II) acetate and H3btc starting materials directly on‐surface and on‐location for rapid nucleation into films at room temperature. The films were analyzed using PXRD, profilometry, SEM and thermal analysis techniques and confirmed high‐quality Cu3btc2 films are produced in low‐dispersity interconnected nanoparticulate form. The porosity was examined using gas adsorption which showed REP gives Cu3btc2 films with open interconnected pore structures, demonstrating the method bestows features that traditional synthesis does not. REP is a technique that opens the field to time‐efficient large‐scale fabrication of MOF interfaces and should find use in a wide variety of coating application settings.
Chain extension of thermoplastic polyamide elastomer and its foaming performance
Authors: Ma Yufei , Wen Hui , Xin Chunling , He Yadong
Published: February 2022

Thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) foam material has various important applications, including in shoe materials, cushioning packaging, sports, and automobiles, owing to its excellent resilience and anti‐vibration performance. However, owing to its linear molecular chain structure, the melt viscoelasticity of TPAE is low, making it difficult to obtain lower‐density foamed materials. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the melt strength through chain extensions. Given its ability to react with carboxyl and amine groups, multifunctional epoxides were chosen as chain extenders to increase the melt viscoelasticity of TPAE. A rotational rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the rheological properties and crystallization behavior of the modified TPAE. Adding epoxy‐type chain extender KL‐E4370 was conducive for forming the branch structure of TPAE and even a microgel structure, leading to increased melt viscoelasticity and reduced crystallinity of TPAE. Microcellular TPAE foams (cell sizes and densities of 30 μm and 1.5 × 108 cells cm−3, respectively) were successfully fabricated. With increasing concentrations of KL‐E4370, the foaming temperature zone of TPAE widened and the expansion ratio increased from 5.5 to 9 times, leading to a decrease and an increase in cell diameter and density, respectively, and improvement in the rupture and merging of cells.
Acupuncture for gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Shan , Liu Hao , Zhu Jia‐jie
Published: February 2022

Acupuncture, an important component of traditional Chinese medicine, has gained growing attention around the world in the past decades. Both manual and electroacupuncture are commonly used in clinical practice, especially by patients with gastrointestinal disorders seeking symptoms control due to disease signs recurrence and/or lack of effective treatments. Currently, patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, constipation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ileus, acute pancreatitis, and gastroparesis may benefit from acupuncture treatment, as clinically evident, and the most frequently used acupoints are chosen from the large intestine, stomach, bladder, and spleen meridian. The underlying mechanisms of acupuncture involve the neuromodulation, adjustment of gastrointestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity, anti‐inflammation, repairment of gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier. As methodology advanced, cumulative number of well‐designed clinical trials has been established, which might help elevating clinicians and gastroenterologists' awareness and perception toward application of acupuncture for gastrointestinal diseases management.
Preoperative oncologic therapy and the prolonged risk of venous thromboembolism in resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Eurola Annika , Mustonen Harri , Mattila Nora , Lassila Riitta , Haglund Caj , Seppänen Hanna
Published: February 2022

Background

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most prothrombotic cancers. Among patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery, chemotherapy and surgery represent a compound risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), rendering the postoperative time a period of interest. We aimed to analyze whether preoperative oncologic therapy increases the risk for VTE after surgery and identify which characteristics associate with VTE.

Methods

We first identified patients surgically treated for pancreatic cancer at Helsinki University Hospital between 2000 and 2017, collecting the following data: gender, age at surgery, preoperative medication, body mass index (BMI), preoperative chemo(radio)therapy, tumor size, positive node ratio, perineural and perivascular invasion, tumor grade, surgical technique, postoperative anticoagulation, adjuvant therapy, time of VTE, time of local disease recurrence, time of distant metastasis, and time of death. With a follow‐up period of at least 2 years or until death, we compared a total of 93 preoperative oncologic therapy and 291 upfront surgery patients (n = 384, median age 66.5 years).

Results

Preoperative oncologic therapy increased the risk for thrombosis after surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–2.53). The VTE incidence rate remained high for up to 2 years after surgery. BMI ≥30 kg/m2, prior anticoagulation, and disease recurrence (p < 0.05, respectively) associated with VTE. VTE is also associated with shorter overall survival (HR 3.25; 95% CI 2.36–4.44). In 71.6% (95% CI 60.5–81.1) of patients, VTE was diagnosed after disease recurrence.

Conclusions

Preoperative oncologic therapy represents an independent risk factor for VTE, not only during the immediate postoperative period but up to 2 years after surgery. VTE is associated with obesity, prior anticoagulation, and disease recurrence and diminishes overall survival.
Gastric and esophageal cancer in China 2000 to 2030: Recent trends and short‐term predictions of the future burden
Authors: Zhou Jiachen , Zheng Rongshou , Zhang Siwei , Chen Ru , Wang Shaoming , Sun Kexin , Li Minjuan , Lei Shaoyuan , Zhuang Guihua , Wei Wenqiang
Published: February 2022

Background

Gastric and esophageal cancer (GEC) have made a great contribution to the cancer burden in China. This study aims to report GEC incidence and mortality trends in 2000–2015 and their predictions to 2030.

Methods

We collected GEC data from 22 cancer registries for Joinpoint temporal trend analysis between 2000 and 2015 and average annual percent change was calculated. Based on the historical changes, combined with the 2015 GEC national incidence and mortality rate, the rate from 2016 to 2030 was predicted grouped by sex and age. The crude rate, standardized rate, and cumulative rate were calculated. The number of cases were obtained by multiplying the United Nations' World Population Prospects and the predicted rate of corresponding years. Attribution changes between 2015 and 2030 were apportioned into demographics and risk factors.

Results

There were decreasing trends of age‐standardized incidence rate world (ASIRW) and age‐standardized mortality rate world (ASMRW) during 2000–2015 in China (p < 0.05), the decline was more significant for the age group of 40–49 years in men and the age group of 50–59 years in women. It was predicted that in 2030, about 549,724 new cases and 394,576 deaths of GEC would occur in China. Compared with 2015, the numbers of new GEC cases and deaths in 2030 decreased by 15.24% and 17.62%, respectively. From 2020 to 2030, GEC ASIRW and ASMRW were predicted to decline from 24.98 to 17.47 and from 17.41 to 11.82 per 100,000, respectively. The number of new cases decreased by about 15.24% with changing demographic (44.48%) and risk (−59.72%) and the number of deaths decreased by about 17.62% with changing demographic (47.18%) and risk (−64.80%).

Conclusions

Although GEC incidence and mortality rates showed downward trends, the disease burden remains heavy in China. The current prevention and control strategy are effective which need to be carried on.
Successful treatment of two extremely premature infants with perinatal tuberculosis and severe sepsis
Authors: Van Nguyen Lam , Huu Dao Nam , Phuong Dang Thuy , Viet Pham Hung
Published: February 2022

Perinatal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare disease with severe clinical conditions that may spread to several organs. Early diagnosis to initiate an anti‐TB regimen is key to saving patients. We report the successful treatment of two preterm babies with perinatal TB and sepsis at the National Children's Hospital (NCH), Vietnam.
A 34‐year‐old asymptomatic gossypiboma: A fortuitous diagnosis revealed by appendicular peritonitis: A case report
Authors: Debaibi Mehdi , Sghair Asma , Gabsi Sofien , Nejib Fatma , Sridi Azza , Chouchen Adnen
Published: February 2022

Gossypiboma is a retained surgical sponge. Patients are usually symptomatic leading to early removal of this entity. We are reporting a 33‐year‐old asymptomatic gossypiboma discovered by appendicular peritonitis on the radiological images. The 64‐year‐old patient underwent a laparotomy with excision of the gossypiboma. The postoperative period was uneventful.
Imaging findings of the primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Chen Guiwu , Liu Wenqin , Liao Xiaomin , Yu Fenfen , Xie Yuhuan
Published: February 2022

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is an invasive tumor that has been reported in many organs, such as the salivary glands, lungs, esophagus, and thymus; however, it rarely affects the breast. Here, we report a case of primary breast MEC with imaging, including mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
A systematic literature review of intrusion detection systems in the cloud‐basedIoTenvironments
Authors: Luo Gang , Chen Zhiyuan , Mohammed Bayan Omar
Published: February 2022

As the number of Internet of Things (IoT) subscribers, services, and applications grows, there is a pressing need for a reliable and lightweight security solution that can be used in IoT contexts. Also, due to the open nature of cloud computing, safety concerns are always challenging. One potential solution for this problem is an intrusion detection system (IDS). An ID that utilizes a machine learning method is gaining popularity since it has the benefit of automatically updating to fight against any new form of attack. Due to the importance of IDS in cloud‐based IoT, the main articles and essential techniques in this domain are examined systematically. In cloud‐based IoT, IDSs are categorized into three major categories, including learning‐based, pattern‐based, and rule‐based mechanisms. The findings illustrate that the biggest challenge in IDS is precision and detection, which many researchers are trying to improve. Also, with the rise of connected objects, the most frequently utilized centralized (cloud‐based) IDS struggles with excessive latency and network overhead, leading to delayed detection of unauthorized users and unresponsiveness to assaults. The results will be valuable for academicians, and they can offer visions for future research.
Child dying from cancer: Child psychiatrist dad sheds light on how to help
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2022

Written by a child psychoanalyst, A Short Good Life documents the author's life with his daughter, Liza, during the two years after she contracted leukemia until her death at the age of 6. The book is not sentimental, but heart‐rending. Twenty‐five years have passed since Liza died, but the pain remains; still, so does the learning, and the many lessons for parents and, especially, the health care system in the way it handles both parents and patients during this process.
Clover frost‐seeding rate effects on productivity and nutritive value of tall fescue pastures during the year of establishment
Authors: Castillo Miguel S. , Bekewe Perejitei E. , Rivera Raul
Published: February 2022

Frost seeding is a low‐cost effective strategy to introduce legumes into existing perennial pastures; however, it has been deemed unreliable in the upper southeast USA. We evaluated frost seeding planting rate effects of clover (Trifolium spp.) during the year of establishment on productivity and nutritive value of clover‐tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) Darbysh.] pastures. Ball (T. nigrescens Viv.), crimson (T. incarnatum L.), red (T. pratense L.), and white (T. repens L.) clover were frost seeded in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain for 3 yr (2017–2019). Planting rates were 0X, 0.5X, 1X, 1.5X, and 2X of the recommended rate (X) of 5.6, 13.5, 11.2, and 5.6 kg ha–1 for ball, crimson, red, and white clover, respectively. At Coastal Plain, clover accounted for ≤16%. At Piedmont, ball, crimson, red, and white clover accounted for up to 27, 48, 21, and 15%, respectively. Notwithstanding similar clover frequency early in the growing season at both locations, competition from tall fescue in a higher rainfall environment is attributed to the lower clover contribution at Coastal Plain. Increasing clover frost‐seeding rate resulted in greater crude protein (130–154 g kg–1) and total digestible nutrients (586–610 g kg–1) only at Piedmont. The results from this study support the practice of frost‐seeding ball, crimson, red, and white clover at planting rates of 5.6, 20.2, 11.2, and 5.6 kg ha–1, respectively, into tall fescue pastures in the Piedmont; however, minimal or no benefits of frost seeding clover were observed in the Coastal Plain.
Diagnostic accuracy of Thinprep® in cervical lymph node aspiration: Assessment according to the Sydney system
Authors: Uzun Evren , Erkilic Suna
Published: February 2022

Background

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable technique that has been used for many years in lymphadenopathy diagnosis. Although conventional smear is the standard approach in FNAC, liquid‐based cytology (LBC) is accepted as an alternative method. Reporting standardization is a significant gap in fine‐needle aspiration cytology, leading to failure in pathologist‐clinician dialog and interobserver variability. In 2020, an expert panel proposed the Sydney system for classifying and reporting lymph node aspiration cytology. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LBC in lymph node aspiration cytology under the guidance of the Sydney system.

Methods

Five hundred‐four LBC samples were reevaluated and classified according to the Sydney system. Of these, n = 24 were categorized as L1‐inadequate/non‐diagnostic, n = 283 as L2‐benign, n = 36 as L3‐ atypical cells of undetermined significance/atypical lymphoid cells of uncertain significance (AUS/ALUS), n = 48 as L4‐suspicious, and n = 113 as L5‐malignant. Four hundred‐one samples were histopathologically confirmed. The diagnostic accuracy of LBC and the risk of malignancy for each Sydney category were calculated.

Results

The results were as follows: sensitivity 98.97%; specificity 98.60%; positive predictive value 94.80%; negative predictive value 99.29%; and overall diagnostic accuracy 98.75%. The ROM was 16.6% for L1, 0.7% for L2, 88.8% for L3, and 100% for L4 and L5.

Conclusion

LBC is suitable for use in lymph node aspiration under the guidance of the Sydney system and has high diagnostic accuracy. Future comprehensive studies will increase the applicability of the Sydney system and minimize interobserver variability.
Physiological control of water exchange in anurans
Authors: Lemenager Lee A. , Tracy Christopher R. , Christian Keith A. , Tracy C. Richard
Published: February 2022

Research on water exchange in frogs has historically assumed that blood osmotic potential drives water exchange between a frog and its environment, but here we show that the “seat patch” (the primary site of water exchange in many anurans), or other sites of cutaneous water uptake, act as an anatomic “compartment” with a water potential controlled separately from water potential of the blood, and the water potential of that compartment can be the driver of water exchange between the animal and its environment. We studied six frog species (Xenopus laevis, Rana pipiens, R. catesbeiana, Bufo boreas, Pseudacris cadaverina, and P. regilla) differing in ecological relationships to environmental water. We inferred the water potentials of seat patches from water exchanges by frogs in sucrose solutions ranging in water potential from 0 to 1000‐kPa. Terrestrial and arboreal species had seat patch water potentials that were more negative than the water potentials of more aquatic species, and their seat patch water potentials were similar to the water potential of their blood, but the water potentials of venters of the more aquatic species were different from (and less negative than) the water potentials of their blood. These findings indicate that there are physiological mechanisms among frog species that can be used to control water potential at the sites of cutaneous water uptake, and that some frogs may be able to adjust the hydric conductance of their skin when they are absorbing water from very dilute solutions. Largely unexplored mechanisms involving aquaporins are likely responsible for adjustments in hydric conductance, which in turn, allow control of water potential at sites of cutaneous water uptake among species differing in ecological habit and the observed disequilibrium between sites of cutaneous water uptake and blood water potential in more aquatic species.
Biogeographic consequences of shifting climate for the western massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus)
Authors: Walkup Danielle K. , Lawing Anna Michelle , Hibbitts Toby J. , Ryberg Wade A.
Published: February 2022

The western massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus) is a small pit viper with an extensive geographic range, yet observations of this species are relatively rare. They persist in patchy and isolated populations, threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation, mortality from vehicle collisions, and deliberate extermination. Changing climates may pose an additional stressor on the survival of isolated populations. Here, we evaluate historic, modern, and future geographic projections of suitable climate for S. tergeminus to outline shifts in their potential geographic distribution and inform current and future management. We used maximum entropy modeling to build multiple models of the potential geographic distribution of S. tergeminus. We evaluated the influence of five key decisions made during the modeling process on the resulting geographic projections of the potential distribution, allowing us to identify areas of model robustness and uncertainty. We evaluated models with the area under the receiver operating curve and true skill statistic. We retained 16 models to project both in the past and future multiple general circulation models. At the last glacial maximum, the potential geographic distribution associated with S. tergeminus occurrences had a stronghold in the southern part of its current range and extended further south into Mexico, but by the mid‐Holocene, its modeled potential distribution was similar to its present‐day potential distribution. Under future model projections, the potential distribution of S. tergeminus moves north, with the strongest northward trends predicted under a climate scenario increase of 8.5 W/m2. Some southern populations of S. tergeminus have likely already been extirpated and will continue to be threatened by shifting availability of suitable climate, as they are already under threat from desertification of grasslands. Land use and habitat loss at the northern edge of the species range are likely to make it challenging for this species to track suitable climates northward over time.
Sarcopenia and risk of infection in adult heart transplant recipients in Japan
Authors: Tsuji Masaki , Kakuda Nobutaka , Bujo Chie , Ishida Junichi , Amiya Eisuke , Hatano Masaru , Shimada Asako , Imai Hiroko , Shimada Shogo , Kinoshita Osamu , Yamauchi Haruo , Ono Minoru , Komuro Issei
Published: February 2022

Aims

Heart transplantation (HT) is an effective therapeutic option for end‐stage heart failure. Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after HT. Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass and strength, is a common comorbidity in HT candidates with end‐stage heart failure. However, the effects of sarcopenia on the occurrence of post‐HT infections are not well understood. Therefore, we explored the association between the skeletal muscle mass and post‐transplant infections in adult HT recipients.

Methods and results

We retrospectively examined the records of 135 patients who underwent HT between August 2007 and November 2019 at our institution. Pre‐transplant computed tomography was used to calculate the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Muscle wasting was defined as the SMI of the lowest sex‐based tertiles. The primary endpoint was infections within 6 months of HT. The study included 109 patients (80 men, mean age: 41.6 ± 12.0 years): 37 patients in the muscle wasting group and 72 patients in the non‐muscle wasting group. The mean SMI values in the muscle wasting and non‐muscle wasting groups were 29.9 ± 4.8 cm2/m2 and 40.7 ± 6.7 cm2/m2, respectively. Prior to HT, 108 (99.1%) patients were on left ventricular assist device support, and during that support, the rate of late right heart failure was significantly higher in the muscle wasting group than non‐muscle wasting group (P = 0.012). Sixteen infections occurred within 6 months of HT. The most common infection sites included the respiratory tract (n = 5) and the upper gastrointestinal tract (n = 5), followed by the urinary tract (n = 4). Overall, 10 patients experienced infections in the muscle wasting group (27.0%) and 6 in the non‐muscle wasting group (8.3%) (P = 0.009). Two patients in the muscle wasting group required intensive care unit admission, compared to none in the non‐muscle wasting group. Low skeletal muscle mass was associated with infections in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models (hazard ratio: 3.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.19–11.3; P = 0.023). However, the duration of all‐cause mortality within 3 years did not differ between the groups (P = 0.56).

Conclusions

Low skeletal muscle mass is a predictor of post‐HT infections within 6 months of HT.
Synthesis and Use in Catalysis of Hematite Nanoparticles Obtained from a Polymer Supported Fe(III) Complex
Authors: Fiore Ambra M. , Varvaro Gaspare , Agostinelli Elisabetta , Mangone Annarosa , De Giglio Elvira , Terzano Roberto , Allegretta Ignazio , Dell'Anna Maria Michela , Fiore Saverio , Mastrorilli Piero
Published: February 2022

Weakly magnetic hematite (α‐Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized by heating an amorphous polymer supported iron(III) complex (Fe_POL) at 400 °C for 4 h in air. The growth of nanoparticles (NPs) was studied by PXRD, heating the polymer from 150 °C to 400 °C at 25 °C intervals, revealing that, at all temperatures, the only crystalline phase detected is hematite. Conversely, annealing of Fe_POL at 400 °C for 4 h under nitrogen, yielded a material containing wüstite (FeO) as the only crystalline phase, supported onto pyrolised acrylamidic polymer. The synthesized materials were characterized by TXRF, PXRD, SEM‐EDS, XPS, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy as well as by magnetic analysis. Differently from natural micrometric hematite, synthesised nano‐hematite turned out to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines.
Study of [2]‐ and [3]Rotaxanes Obtained by Post‐Synthetic Aminolysis of a Kinetically Stable Carbonate‐Containing Pseudorotaxane
Authors: Waelès Philip , Gauthier Maxime , Coutrot Frédéric
Published: February 2022

Here is reported the synthesis and study of dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8)‐based [2]‐ and [3]rotaxanes that contain an ammonium as the best molecular station and carbamate moieties as secondary molecular stations. The common post‐interlocking synthesis relies on the aminolysis of the N‐succinimidyl carbonate extremity of an activated though insulated pseudorotaxane. The N‐succinimidyl carbonate‐based thread's extremity proved to be small enough to allow the slow slippage of the DB24C8 around the thread and large enough to allow insulation of the kinetically stable pseudorotaxane. Due to its sensitivity towards amine compounds, the activated carbonate end of the encircled thread allowed post‐interlocking aminolysis‐based conversion into mechanically interlocked rotaxanes by providing the same way the carbamate secondary station for the DB24C8 in the thread backbone. Translation of the DB24C8 along the threaded axle between the two molecular stations was investigated.
Definitive radiation therapy and liver local therapy in de novo liver metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Large cohort study
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Chong , Luo Mei‐Juan , Sun Xue‐Song , Liu Li‐Ting , Chen Qiu‐Yan , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Guo Shan‐Shan
Published: February 2022

Background

We aimed to evaluate patients suitable for definitive radiation therapy (DRT) and liver local therapy (LLT) in addition to palliative chemotherapy (PCT) among those with de novo liver metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lmNPC).

Methods

The overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were calculated and compared in 610 patients with lmNPC.

Results

Both the PCT+DRT and PCT+DRT+LLT groups had better survival outcomes than the PCT group. Among patients with complete response/partial response (CR/PR) after PCT, no significant differences in survival rates were observed between those treated with PCT+DRT and PCT+DRT+LLT (2‐year PFS: 27.0% vs. 32.9%, p = 0.263). Among patients with progressive disease/stable disease (PD/SD) after PCT, significantly better survival rates were observed in patients treated with PCT+DRT+LLT.

Conclusions

DRT might benefit patients with lmNPC regardless of the tumor response after PCT. For patients with CR/PR, LLT might not be needed. For patients with PD/SD, LLT might improve survival outcomes.