bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Planting Date on Potato Yield in Gircha Highland, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Elias
Published: December 2024

Potatoes are the world's fourth most important food crop, with climate, variety, seed quality, planting timing, nutrition, irrigation, pests, illnesses, and weeds all influencing its growth and productivity. Planting timing is critical for maximizing yields since it regulates temperature and light. Planting date effects on potato development and yield were investigated in an experiment at Gircha Farmland, Arba Minch, from February 8, 2020 to August 19, 2020. The impact of planting dates on potato production response was investigated using the Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) model software application program. The experiment used Gudene cultivar potato root crops in Gircha highland plot areas, with gross plot area, rows per plot, length, and spacing. Harvest area was 2.3 m2, with two rows, and soil depth was 15 cm. No additional irrigation was supplied, and 150 kg/ha N and 80 kg/ha P fertilizer was applied. Eight planting dates—February 8, February 18, February 28, March 9, March 19, March 29, April 8, and April 18—were selected for this investigation. The relationship between observed and simulated potato yield performance, with RMSE (7.256), IOA (0.842), and R2 (0.962), and validation values (19.658), IOA (0.827), and R2 (0.974), indicating good agreement. The latest planting date of April 18 marked the pinnacle of potato output. Furthermore, on April 18, 2020, the planting date that was closest to March 30, 2020, the maximum tuber fresh weight of 48.73 mg/ha was recorded, while on February 8, 2020, the minimum tuber fresh weight of 16.08 mg/ha was acquired. Similar to this, the planting date of April 18th yielded the maximum potato production (9746 kg/ha), while February 8th yielded the lowest yield (3215 kg/ha). Gircha's higher rainfall, lowest solar radiation, and warmer temperatures may have contributed to the crop's increased production. Potato planting date significantly affects growth and yield, with April 18, 2020 being the best date for highest yield. Delays in planting led to increased crop growth and production, influenced by rainfall, solar radiation, and mean temperature.
Geospatial Based Dam Potential Site Selection in the Catchment Area of Beressa River, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Bedasa
Published: December 2024

Choosing a suitable site for dam is a crucial phase in dam construction. A successful outcome of this effort is initiated by taking into consideration some watershed properties and characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine suitable sites for dam construction along Beresa River Watershed of Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. The method used was based on consideration of seven criteria which included topographic factors (slope), geological factors, soil type, catchment size, and land cover, proximity to river and proximity to roads using geospatial tools. Each factor was standardized to a common measurement scale so that the results represent numeric range giving higher values to more suitable and lower values to less suitable attributes. Weighted overlay analysis was applied to obtain layers showing suitable sites for dam construction. The final suitability map of the study area shows that from the total area, 0.53ha (0.01%) was mapped in most suitable, 0.35ha (0.01%) in more suitable, 1.32ha (0.02%) in suitable, 0.33ha (0.01%) in less suitable and 5708.47ha (99.96%) unsuitable for dam site selection and construction. The study proved that, the system will provide reliable and easy system for dam site selection and construction in the study area.
Outbreak Investigation and Economic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease in Bovine in Western Amhara Regional State, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Yirdaw Betelihem
Published: December 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed wild and domestic animals and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry. This aim of this study was to identify the circulating serotypes and determine it’s economic impact on cattle production. A a retrosepective questionnaire survey was conducted with 100 farm owners from six districts to determine the economic losses associated with foot and mouth diseases over one year. During the survy, fourteen active case epithelial tissue samples from three districts, which outbreak occure, were collected from the fourteen cattle. The collected tissue sample detected using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The foot and mouth diseases serotype O, A, SAT1, and SAT2 were identified using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition questionnaire survey data revealed that the average economic loss was 5553.21ETB (132.21$USA) per herd and 1124.13ETB (26.76$USA) per individual animal. The present investigation indicated that still foot and mouth disease outbreaks occurred in different areas of the northwestern Amhara region, and the economic impact of the disease is extremely severe, resulting in massive economic losses. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies on the epidemiology, vaccine trials, and socioeconomic consequences should be conducted to design appropriate control options.
Impact of Feeding Practices on the Reproductive Performance of Kirdimi Goats in the Department of Tandjilé-Center, Chad
Authors: Odjigue Nestor , Tellah Madjina , Tamya Félix , Tchang Brice , Assadi Michel , Baizina Mama
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive parameters of Kirdimi goats in relation to feeding practices in the department of Tandjilé-Center, in southern Chad. The study was conducted between April 2022 and January 2023 by monitoring 107 goats on 35 farms. The choice of animals was made according to the type of feeding practices implemented by the agro-pastoralists and are concerned, as the goats have given birth at least once. Reproduction data are collected once a month by the monitoring officer using an individual goat monitoring sheet and have been used to calculate a few reproduction parameters including: the interval between farrowing, the farrowing rate, the prolificacy rate and the pre-weaning mortality rate. The XLSTAT software (1.9.6) was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that calving occurs year-round with peaks in October and February; Births were single (50.50%), double (42.57%) and triple (6.98%). The mean farrowing rate is 72.27±44.98%, the prolificacy rate is 154.94±63.70%, the pre-weaning mortality rate is 15.56 ±33.40% and the interval between births is 266.164 ± 100.70 days. The reproductive performance of Kirdimi goats was interesting and feeding practices combining feed supplements had positive effects on reproductive parameters. However, improvements need to be made in rationing and breeding management in order to promote better goat productivity in the department.
Contribution of Beekeeping for Job Creation and Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadilo Mekuanint , Ambaw Habtie
Published: December 2024

The production of foodstuffs, the care of animals, agricultural products, and the preservation of natural resources may all be combined with beekeeping, an environmentally friendly activity. It's easy to integrate with other everyday tasks because it isn't a labor-intensive activity. Given the current state of the economy, it is improbable that farmers did not set aside land for the cultivation of bee flora and/or beekeeping. Following technological intervention in the watershed, the main crops planted there were maize (24.6%), teff (21%), wheat (15.1%), potatoes (20%), and beekeeping (19.8%). These contributed significantly to the watershed's overall economic output. The survey results also showed some of the benefits that the beekeeping industry has to offer, including increased income, better access to nutritional values (honey consumption by family members directly leads to improved feeding habits), improved access to livestock development (buying cows and oxen), ability to pay off debt and save money, purchase of household goods, construction of houses in towns, and similar benefits. All of these show that beekeeping is helping farmers support their way of life. Therefore, the government should support policies that encourage self-employment opportunities in off-farm activities like beekeeping, value chain development, agricultural service provision, and agribusiness activities in order to increase beekeeping productivity and reduce poverty and create jobs. However, it is believed that one million farm households utilize traditional, intermediate, and contemporary hive production methods in their beekeeping businesses. In Ethiopia there are two harvesting seasons for beeswax and honey from October to November and from April to June based on the presence of flowering crops and the potential flowering ability of Eucalyptus tree, respectively. A significant amount of honey is sold in Ethiopia to generate revenue in domestic and export markets.
Advancements in Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) Breeding: Genetic Diversity, Biotech Strategies, and Future Directions
Authors: Shehasen Mohammedsani
Published: December 2024

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton), often referred to as the 'Queen of Spices,' belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is noted for its unique flavor and aroma. As an herbaceous perennial, cardamom thrives in the shaded environments of the Western Ghats in South India, where it exhibits significant genetic diversity necessary for breeding improvement. This paper explores the genetic resources of cardamom, including advances in breeding methodologies and biotechnological approaches aimed at enhancing productivity and quality. Key breeding strategies include clonal selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding, which have led to the development of several high-yielding and stress-resistant varieties. The integration of molecular techniques, such as marker-assisted selection and genetic transformation, offers prospects for tapping into cardamom's genetic diversity for future improvements. However, the genetic erosion of natural cardamom populations necessitates urgent conservation efforts to safeguard this valuable germplasm. This review emphasizes the importance of innovative breeding techniques and strategic direction for the sustainable enhancement of cardamom as a critical global spice crop.
Microbiological Profile of Vaginal Swabs from Infertile Women in the Cities of Ngaoundere and Garoua, Cameroon
Authors: Yemele Didiane , Djamilatou Leïla , Talom Benjamin , Balkissou Bello , Nodem Steve , Piankeu Aurelie , Newe Rosine , Fodouop Siméon
Published: December 2024

Genital infections are a real public health problem in developed countries. They have serious consequences such as ectopic pregnancy (EP), chronic pelvic pain, premature delivery, miscarriage, cervical cancer and even infertility. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and microbiological profile of genital infections among infertile women in the cities of Ngaoundéré and Garoua. This descriptive study was carried out in the Protestant and regional hospitals, as well as the military and regional hospitals serving the cities of Ngaoundéré and Garoua, over a period of five months, from August 2020 to January 2021. Women of reproductive age (15 to 45 years) who met the inclusion criteria, gave their informed consent, and had at least one consultation in the gynecology department of the aforementioned hospitals for infertility made up our population. Thus, the study included 100 women, or 50 women per city. A pre-tested questionnaire was employed to get data from the subjects. Blood samples were taken for chlamydia testing, and cervical-vaginal samples were taken for microbiological analysis (PCV+ATB and mycoplasma testing). The gathered information. SphinxPlus. V5 was the program used to analyze the data that were collected. Ninety-six percent of the 100 women who participated in this study had a vaginal infection. The infertile women's modal age range was 26–35 years old, with a mean age of 29. Of the women, 54% were housewives, 33% had completed their elementary; education, and 55 were in monogamous marriages. At 65%, secondary infertility was the most prevalent type. 5.15 years was the average length of infertility. Abortions accounted for 41% of the patients' histories, whereas genital infections made up 69%. When the infertile women's vaginal pH was analyzed, the majority (69%) had a pH > 4.5. Chlamydia trachomatis (28.41%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (22.63%), Candidas albicans (20.58%), Gardnerella vaginalis (14.40%), Mycoplasma hominis (9.46%), Candidas spp (1.65%), Staphylococcus (1.64%), Trichomonas vaginalis (0.82%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.41%) were among the microbiological analyses of the samples. The etiological identification of genital infections and infertility of infectious or tubal origin, which can be avoided with early intervention, is greatly aided by microbiology.
Fostering Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Development in African Communities
Authors: Lambert Edward , Deyganto Kanbiro
Published: December 2024

This research explores the influence of Innovation and Entrepreneurship on Sustainable Development within African communities, utilizing a quantitative methodology characterized by an explanatory framework. A total of 370 participants provided data through structured questionnaires, which were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate an adjusted R-squared value of 96.0 percent, suggesting that96.0 percent of the variation in Sustainable Development can be accounted for by the factors examined. Significant results demonstrate that Entrepreneurial Education and Training, Investment in Research and Development, Collaborative Partnerships, and Intellectual Property Rights have a positive impact on Sustainable Development. However, Access to Finance and Access to Market present challenges, illustrated by their negative coefficients, and R&D Investment and the Innovation Ecosystem were deemed insignificant. The study acknowledges that the model does not account for the remaining 0.04 percent of variation, suggesting further investigation is needed. Practical implications point to the necessity for strategic planning in areas with significant positive impacts and the importance of improving Access to Finance and Market conditions. The research highlights the need for a supportive Regulatory Environment and networks to foster Sustainable Development, offering valuable insights and paving the way for future studies in this domain.
Pre-Extension Demonstration of Black Cumin Technologies in Goro and Ginnir Districts of Bale and East Bale Zones Southeastern Oromia
Authors: Sida Ayalew , Gadissa Bayeta
Published: December 2024

Pre-extension demonstration of improved black cumin technologies was carried out in Goro and Ginnir districts. The new variety Urgessa was demonstrated and evaluated against the standard check Gemechis where plot size of 10*10 m was used for each variety. Row planting was applied using seed rate of 12 kg /ha and fertilizer (NPS) rate of 100 kg/ha. Yield data, number of farmers participated on training and mini field days, production costs and farmers’ feedback were collected using field observation, check list, and focus group discussion. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data. Cost-benefit analysis was used for profitability analysis. Awareness creation activities like training and mini field days were arranged for target beneficiaries and other stakeholders. Combined yield evaluation was carried out in which Urgessa gave higher seed yield of 13.84 qt/ha while Gemechis gave 11.73 qt/ha. Direct matrix ranking was used to rank black cumin varieties. Consequently, farmers gave the higher score for Urgessa variety. The result of pair wise ranking indicated that farmers gave high attention for traits of yield, number of branch per plant and number of capsule per plant. The result of profitability analysis also revealed that the farmer who prefers to produce Urgessa variety could get an extra net benefit of 24,360.00 ETB/ha than who prefers to produce Gemechis variety in single production season. Therefore, based on farmers’ preference and profitability analysis, Urgessa variety is recommended for pre-scaling up.
Comparison of Chicken Genotypes for Growth, Egg Production and Adaptability Traits Under Semi-Scavenging Condition
Authors: Gebreslassie Atsbaha
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth, egg production and adaptability performances of different chicken genotypes under semi-scavenging condition. The performance of Improved Horro (H), Cosmopolitan (C), Indigenous (L), and Koekoek (KK) chicken genotypes was evaluated in semi-scavenging condition over a 44-week period. The study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD), and the data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) in SAS software. A total of 360 chickens from the four genotypes were provided. For each genotype, around 30 chickens (with a 1:10 male-to-female ratio) were allocated to each lowland site, with each genotype placed in three replicate sites. The data for each genotype from all sites were then pooled. KK exhibited the highest body weight at hatch, followed by C and H, while L had the lowest. At eight weeks of age, KK also had the highest body weight and average daily weight gain, with C and H following, and L recording the lowest. KK had the highest body weights and weight gains, followed by C and H, while L showed the lowest body weights and weight gains at both 16 and 24 weeks of age. L and H showed significantly higher survival rates compared to KK and C. L reached the highest age at first egg lay, followed by C, KK, and H. KK had the greatest body weight at first egg lay and at the end of the experiment compared to C and H, while L had the lowest body weights at both first egg lay and 44 weeks. KK had the highest egg weight at first egg lay and throughout the experiment when compared to C and H, while L recorded the lowest egg weights at both first egg lay and 44 weeks. KK produced the highest number of eggs, followed by H and C, while L had the lowest egg count. In conclusion: The genotype differences of chickens substantially influenced growth, egg production and adaptability performances. It could also serve as reference for future growth, egg production and adaptability studies of defferent chicken genotypes.
Determination of Optimum Irrigation Water Requirement of Wheat at Sayo District, Kellem Wollega, Oromia
Authors: Mosisa Tamasgen , Negese Wegene , Yadete Bedada
Published: December 2024

Ethiopia needs 70-80 million quintals of wheat to feed 110 million people, but imports are a significant deficit. The government has implemented food and wheat security measures, including yield gap closure, area expansions, and irrigation. Wheat is a strategic commodity for Ethiopia's food security, agroindustry, import substitution, and job creation. An experiment was conducted at Dambi Dollo University campus in Sayo District, Kellem Wollega Zone, to determine wheat irrigation water demand. The study evaluated five irrigation depths in wheat cultivation, using soil parameters, meteorological data, and crop characteristics. The results showed that 90% of the net water requirement of wheat is optimal for normal physiological activities, including evapotranspiration and metabolic activities. The saved water, 10% of the total 191.9 mm, can be used to irrigate more command areas and prevent abandonment. The water productivity value of irrigated wheat is within the range of previous findings, and the average wheat yield is improved under irrigation conditions even in Ethiopia. The efficiency parameters (GY, WUE, and WP) generally perform significantly. The study recommends extension services to demonstrate this finding on farmers' fields for further evaluation and popularization, and Zonal/District Agricultural Offices to use this 172.71 mm to sustainably boost irrigated wheat production.
Clinical and Paraclinical Profiles of Children Living with Epilepsy Admitted to Neuro-Psychopathological Center of Kinshasa
Authors: Lukusa Alphonsine , Kabamba Victor , Kabuayi Philippe , Mbombo Sylvie , Malu Celestin , E-Andjafano Daniel
Published: December 2024

Background: children in Africa are mainly affected by epilepsy. This study describes the clinical and paraclinical profiles of epileptic children followed at the Neuro-Psychopathological Center of the University of Kinshasa (CNPP/Unikin). Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed the files of patients aged ≤ 15 years old admitted to the pediatric neurology unit of the CNPP/Unikin, from December 2015 to December 2020. The variables of interest were sociodemographic, clinical, and evolutionary. Excel 2010 and SPSS version 20.0 were used to manage the data. Results: 118 files of children (70 boys and 48 girls) were collected; 40.7% were between 11 and 15 years old. The mean (SD) age was 8.2 (4.1) years. Sixty percent of admissions were due to epilepsy. Forty-seven (39.8%) patients had idiopathic epilepsy. The majority (83.1%) of seizures is generalized and tonic-clonic seizure is predominant (64.4%). Comorbidities were dominated by neurodevelopmental disorders (8%). Nutritionally, hypocalcaemia (51.7%), hypomagnesaemia (16%) and hypokalemia (1.7%) were observed. Abnormalities during pregnancy and childbirth (23.7%) were the most common etiological factors. The seizures outcome under treatment was characterized, in general, by regression (64.4%). Conclusion: epilepsy is the leading cause of admission in CNPP/Unikin neuropediatric unit, with increasing rates. Nutritional disorders, abnormalities during pregnancy, and childbirth are the dominant etiological factors in these children living with epilepsy. Therefore, health policies must be deeply reassessed, Sub-Saharan Africa, to improve the management and prevention of both epilepsy and identified etiological factors.
Abnormal Menstrual Chart Patterns, Their Treatment and Fertility Outcome Among Women with Hormonal Infertility at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Macharia Juliet , Kihunrwa Albert , Matovelo Dismas , Hokororo Adolfine
Published: December 2024

Background: Infertility is a global public health issue, affecting one in six individuals at some point in their lives. Menstrual cycle patterns serve as indicators of reproductive health, and tracking these patterns is a simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective method that all women should consider. This study aimed to analyze menstrual chart patterns, associated clinical profiles, interventions and fertility changes among women with hormone-related infertility at Bugando Medical Centre. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study that involved 230 women with hormonal infertility aged 18-44 years, was carried out at Bugando Medical Centre from March 2023 to March 2024. A pretested data collection tool was used. Mothers were instructed to chart their menstrual cycle biomarkers. Basic hormonal profiles were investigated. Data analysis was done according to the objectives using STATA version 15 and Pearson’s Chi2 test or Fisher’s Exact test was used to measure the association between menstrual patterns and clinical profiles. The significance level was determined at p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.2 ± 5.7 years. The years of infertility ranged from 1 to 20 with a median age of 4 [IQR=2–7] years. Participants with normal HbA1c conceived more than those with abnormal HbA1c; 34.7 % (41/118) versus 22.3 % (25/112), (p-value 0.037), while those with normal thyroid function 31.1% (61/196) conceived more compared to those with thyroid dysfunction 14.7% (5/34) (p-value 0.035). At the end of three months, most of them were ovulating. Among those who ovulated 28.7% conceived within three months. Conclusion: Answers to infertility are hidden within the menstrual cycle patterns. Menstrual cycle charting and lifestyle changes should be incorporated as tools in managing women with infertility.
Comprehensive Control Analysis of Dual DC-DC Output Converter for Integration of Offshore Wind Turbine Systems
Authors: Shahpasand Ali , Shahpasand Rahman , Heidarhani Davoud
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an in-depth exploration of control state-space modeling tailored for high-power isolated dual output DC-DC (ISO-D2) converter, with a particular emphasis on elucidating system dynamics through the derivation of state-space matrices and transfer functions. Employing state-of-the-art analysis techniques, this study offers a systematic framework for comprehending the converter's behavior across varied operational scenarios. Through the derivation of state-space matrices encompassing state, input, and output parameters, the converter's dynamic response is encapsulated in a precise mathematical representation. Additionally, transfer functions are established to facilitate frequency domain analysis and stability evaluation. These derived models furnish invaluable insights into the performance characteristics of the converter, thus enabling the formulation of robust control strategies. Particularly, the derived state-space matrices and transfer functions serve as instrumental tools for the design of advanced control algorithms, crucial for optimizing the performance of high-power isolated dual output DC-DC (ISO-D2) converters, in real-world applications such as solar plants and offshore DC wind farms.
The Backyard of Modern Education and Training in Ethiopia: Reflection on Socio-Political and Professional Landslides in Policies and Practices
Authors: Kufi Endalew
Published: December 2024

Education, as an instrument of change, needs to be means for economic, social and political progresses at national and international levels. In attempting to use education for social advancement, countries face a lot of challenges both at policy and practice levels. Ethiopian modern education and the consequent social progresses seem to have faced overriding challenges in policy and practice, since internal ideological stringency and external pressure for modernization have risen to give a triggering shape to the education system in curricular and instructional undertakings. This review focused on revisiting challenges of education policy and practices in Ethiopia through parallel explication of professionalization and politicization. Professionalization was explicated from the role of teachers and teaching in nation-building whereas politicization was seen from the point flexibility in governance and pressurizing sphere of change at different epochs. For the materialization of the study, systematic desk-review of policy documents, education sector reviews and proclamations was made on the professional and political landslides of Ethiopian Education. The study is expected to help policy makers and researchers to understand the visibly upcoming balance between political and the professional landscape of Ethiopia, on the basis of serving societal needs through education.
A Far Cry for Enlightenment: Power Shapes Perception in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
Authors: Yasmin Asma
Published: December 2024

Joseph Conrad is celebrated for his profound portrayals of postcolonial experiences. His Heart of Darkness reveals how the power dynamics shape the perceptions of enlightenment. This research sheds lights on the binary oppositions inherent in British colonialism which erodes the established norms and enlightening ideals. Colonialism has created a detrimental impact on modern humanity, fostering detachment, loss of faith, existential turmoil, and the disintegration of social structures. Conrad’s depiction of Africa underscores the harsh reality of unconscious fears and deep-seated anxieties projected by English interference which stifles African autonomy. Through the dual lenses of Edward Said’s postcolonial theory and Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, the research, explores the decline of western values critically addressing the colonial mindset and interrogating European civilization’s alleged superiority. The research investigates how the imposition of power dynamics reshapes Europeans’ perceptions of indigenous African population exposing the civilizing mission as a façade for hypocrisy and brutality under the pretense of moral edification. The findings offer significant insights into Conrad’s enduring influence and persistent resonance with contemporary literary enthusiasts.
Archaeological Ceramics as an Object of Study and Restoration
Authors: Nikolaevna Krasnova
Published: December 2024

The article considers the problems of preserving the information potential of archaeological ceramics during their restoration. A review of sources containing fundamental information on achievements in the field of archaeological ceramics research and the results obtained with their help, which are of interest to researchers from different fields of knowledge, is made. A retrospective of the study of ancient ceramics as a historical source clearly demonstrated the possibilities of revealing the information potential inherent in the products of ancient pottery production depending on the formulation of new tasks and the use of instrumental research methods of related disciplines. Not all archaeological ceramics extracted from an excavation are well preserved, and therefore need restoration. Over the course of its existence, restoration has developed its own methods for saving destroyed objects, giving them a "second birth". However, not all of them are safe. Some modern restoration methods lead to a change in the physicochemical properties of ancient artifacts and introduce new materials into their structure. A change in the authenticity of ancient objects leads to a distortion of the information contained in them. This is a big problem for both restoration and other sciences, because ceramics is considered one of the most durable materials and therefore much less attention is paid to new methods of its restoration than to other materials. Awareness of the specifics of archaeological objects made of ceramics and the role they played in primitive society and continue to play in the modern world should contribute to the development of a new strategy for the preservation of this type of cultural heritage using new restoration approaches and technologies.
Information in the Shroud of Turin About Its Variable Molecular Properties
Authors: McAvoy Thomas
Published: December 2024

Three earlier papers on the Shroud of Turin showed that ultraviolet induced fluorescence (UVIF) intensity is non-uniform over the surface of the Shroud. These intensity results were based on an analysis of UVIF photographic images taken in 1978 as part of a scientific investigation of the Shroud. In this paper the statistical technique, principal component analysis (PCA), is used to analyze the information present in the UVIF images. It is shown that the vast majority of information in the UVIF Shroud images is contained in their International Commission on Illumination (CIE Lab) image intensity. Differences in UVIF intensity indicate differences in the Shroud’s molecular properties. Such differences can be due to differences in molecular structure, contamination, and burned regions. Fluorescence spectral results published as part of the same 1978 scientific study confirm the intensity variation with position of the UVIF images. These spectral fluorescence results are discussed in detail. The combined photographs and spectral results demonstrate that color contributes relatively little to the information in the UVIF images. One possible cause of the variation of UVIF intensity, namely neutron radiation, is briefly discussed. Charred Shroud material, collected during its cleaning in 2002, can be used to assess whether the Shroud was exposed to neutron radiation. Such testing would be completely non-destructive to the Shroud. New UVIF photographs need to be taken to validate the results discussed in this paper.
Determinants of Improved Boset Teff Variety Adoption in Minjar Shenokora District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Alebachew
Published: December 2024

The current production system of teff cannot satisfy the consumers demand and this is due to backward agricultural mechanisms and lack of improved teff varieties. The governments of Ethiopia renew their interest on improved teff variety adoption to improve farmer’s farm productivity. There are a number of improved teff varieties invested in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. However, Mnijar shenkora district is well known boset teff variety have been disseminated and adopted in the district through the help of agricultural research centers to improve teff production in the area. Investigating the determinants of improved boset teff variety adoption is important. A sample of 245 farm households was considered for socio economic survey. The collected data were analysed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics indicated that, there is significance difference between boset teff adopters and non-adopters. Binary logit model was applied to identify the determinants of improved boset teff variety adoption. The result indicates that improved boset teff adoption is determined by different factors. Family size, fertilizer use and farming experience was negatively associated with adoption of improved boset teff variety. In contrast, education level, cultivated farm size and access to credit were positively associated with improved boset teff variety adoption.
Hydroxyapatite: A Comprehensive Review of Its Properties, Applications, and Future Trends
Authors: Redhwi Ibraheem , Fallatah Ahmad , Alshabona Fahad
Published: December 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioactive ceramic material which has given an important attention in the biomedical field because of its high biocompatibility and structural similarity to human’s and mammal’s bone. This study provides a comprehensive exploration of HA's properties, applications, and future trends, accentuating its potential in several domains beyond its traditional uses in bone and dental implants. HA's unique characteristics, including its osteoconductivity and ability to promote bone regeneration, make it an ideal candidate for advanced tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. The review discusses the fundamental properties of HA, such as its chemical composition, physical structure, and biological compatibility, which collectively contribute to its effectiveness in medical applications. Furthermore, ongoing research is highlighted, particularly in the development of nanostructured HA and composite materials, aimed at enhancing its mechanical properties and expanding its use in complex medical scenarios. Additionally, the implications of emerging technologies, specifically 3D printing and the potential of 4D printing, are examined. These innovations allow for the creation of personalized scaffolds tailored to individual patient needs, enhancing the prospects for regenerative medicine. The versatility of HA is further illustrated through its applications in non-medical fields, including environmental remediation and as a component in fertilizers and water purification systems. Overall, this review underscores the critical role that hydroxyapatite plays in bridging the gap between biological and synthetic materials. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future research directions, this work aims to pave the way for further advancements in the use of HA across various biomedical and industrial contexts, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and innovative material solutions.
Subserosal Myoma Associated with Stump (Smooth Muscle Tumors of Uncertain Malignancy Potential): A Case Report
Authors: Lamrani Meryem , Lakhdar Khaoula , Sardaoui Oumaima , Alami Yacir , Tijami Fouad , Hachi Hafid , Hanchi Zaki , Baydada Aziz
Published: December 2024

Smooth muscle tumors of the uterus are typically benign, but a rare subset known as smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) poses diagnostic challenges. First classified by the World Health Organization in 2003 due to their atypical histological features, STUMPs are difficult to distinguish from benign leiomyomas and malignant leiomyosarcomas. This case study describes a 53-year-old woman with a large abdomino-pelvic mass, initially suspected to be sarcoma. Clinical and imaging evaluations, including MRI, led to exploratory laparotomy, revealing a subserosal myoma associated with STUMP. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis, underscoring the complexities in differentiating STUMPs from other uterine tumors. STUMPs account for a portion of uterine sarcomas, and accurate diagnosis relies on specific histological criteria, including nuclear atypia, mitosis index, and tumor necrosis. Advanced imaging, such as dynamic MRI, helps improve differentiation between STUMP, leiomyosarcoma, and leiomyoma. Although STUMPs are rare, they typically have a better prognosis than leiomyosarcomas, with lower recurrence rates. However, due to their uncertain behavior, patients require long-term monitoring. The limited understanding of STUMPs highlights the need for continued research and clinical vigilance to improve diagnosis and management strategies.
Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm
Authors: Poudel Yam
Published: December 2024

Minimizing power loss and improving voltage stability are crucial aspects of power systems, driven by transmission line contingencies, financial losses for utilities, and potential power system blackouts. Optimal allocation comprising the sizing and operating power factor—of Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks (CBs) significantly enhances power system efficiency. Efforts by power system operators and researchers focus on addressing issues related to power loss, energy loss, voltage profiles, and voltage stability through the strategic placement of DGs and CBs. Additionally, optimal DG and CB allocation protects the distribution system from unforeseen events and enables operators to run the system in islanding mode when necessary. The integration of DG units and CBs in distribution systems aims to enhance overall system performance. This research paper introduces a Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) for the optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs. The proposed method targets both technical and economic benefits, considering multiple objective functions: minimizing power losses, reducing voltage deviation, lowering total electrical energy costs, and improving the voltage stability index. The WCA emulates the natural water cycle, from streams to rivers and rivers to the sea. Five different operational scenarios are evaluated to test the performance of this methodology. Simulations are conducted on distribution systems: the IEEE 69-bus test system and the Sankhu feeder network, a real system. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed WCA compared to other optimization algorithms. The findings highlight the WCA's flexibility, efficiency, and significant improvements in economic benefits, establishing it as a promising approach for optimizing the placement of DG and CB in distribution systems.
The Last Point in the Evolution of Human-animal Perception and Its Reflection on the News in Turkey
Authors: Gürel Kazım
Published: December 2024

The human-animal relationship has changed from time to time with the evolution of cultural history. In the theoretical part of the study, a journey from being one or brother and sister to seeing the animal as an object and from there to be reduced to a means of healing traumas is described to the extent permitted by the dimensions of the article. The main stops in this evolution are emphasized, and the structural constructions of this relationship are analyzed. Following this analysis, the discourse analysis of the news articles was carried out. Through this analysis method, it was show what the real purpose of the news articles was and where this purposes tood in the evolution described in the theoretical part. After constructing the background of the article's narrative with qualitative-historical descriptions and interpretations in the theoretical part, discourse analysis was chosen as the method. Since the November 25th incident at the Konya Animal Shelter created a debate in a large segment of social institutions, four news articles from four newspapers covering the incident on the same day on the internet were selected and analyzed. The newspapers where the news items were published were identified based on their closeness to and opposition to the government. Findings on how the same news item was constructed were shown and interpreted. The attitude of the newspapers while reporting the event and the point in the evolution of the animal-human relationship were discussed. Thus, in the light of anthropological interpretations, this study has also revealed how animals are objectified in newspapers.
Effects of Remdesivir on Liver Enzymes, Oxidative Stress and Liver Histopathology in Rats
Authors: Abbasi Mehran , Darbani Roya , Rabet Oldouz , Ghorbanihaghjo Amir , Rashtchizadeh Nadereh , Raeisi Sina , Khordadmehr Monireh
Published: December 2024

Background & Aims: Remdesivir (REM) has been widely used to treat subjects affected by COVID-19 due to its broad-spectrum activity. The aim was to assess the REM effect on liver histopathology, enzymes, and alterations in oxidative stress markers. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were separated into eight groups as follows: Group A (Control) received normal saline intraperitoneally (IP) for 10 days; Group B (Low-dose REM) received REM (2.8 mg/kg for the first day and 1.4 mg/kg for days 2 to 10, IP); Group C (High-dose REM) received REM (8.5 mg/kg IP for the first 17 days and days 2 to 10); Group D (High-dose REM+DEX (Dexamethasone)+ HEP (Heparin) received DEX (7 mg/kg intramuscularly for 10 days) and HEP (333 IU/kg subcutaneously on the first day and 250 IU/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours from day 2 to day 10); Group E (High-dose REM+ DEX); Group F (High-dose REM+ HEP); Group G (DEX); Group H (HEP). For statistical analysis, non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U) were used for pathological lesions (semi-quantitative data) between the different groups, and a p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were mild to severe pathological changes in the treated groups, including cell swelling, vascular congestion. Also, the D and G groups showed similar pathological lesions, which were more severe than in other treated groups with a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study identified Remdesivir-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress alterations in rats, underscoring the need for careful liver function monitoring, especially in patients with hepatic dysfunction. The findings recommend caution in using Remdesivir as a first-line treatment in such cases, and further studies are required to validate these effects and explore broader clinical implications.
A Study on Portfolio Management Strategies Adopted by Asset Management Companies Across the Globe
Authors: Mvks Rao , Einari Arttu
Published: December 2024

The asset management industry has been growing drastically over the last 15 years. It grew from 45,6 trillion USD to 103,1 trillion USD from 2009 to 2020, In Asia, it has grown 483% over the 11 years. Similarly, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa saw the most minor growth and were valued at trillions of USD. Retail investors now comprise 41% of the asset management industry in China and India and above 55% of the asset management investors in the country. Since the Healthy Growth of AMC is the same as Millions of Retailers in the respective Financial Sectors, It is necessary to study the Portfolio Management Strategies adopted by Asset Management Companies across the Globe in general and In India in Particular. Hence, an attempt is made to study the performance and strategies of global AMCs and also observe the opportunities and challenges the same across the globe with the main objective of understanding the concept of Portfolio Management Strategies and Asset Management Companies; to review the existing literature on the topic concerned; to analyze the opportunities and challenges of the same across the globe. The study is an observatory in nature and revealed that the main opportunity is to get support from the respective economies of the countries to get desired growth in AMC investments and exploit the developments in various sectors via making Portfolio investments by direct buying of financial instruments or through mutual funds. Similarly, this study seeks to shed light on how emerging markets like India would be helpful with its key govt initiatives by ease of doing business, tax concessions for Foreign Domestic Investments (FDIs) and Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) etc. The main suggestion is to diversify their assets based on risk tolerance which can reduce the costs of the operations by using economies of scale to minimize the costs. The survival of any AMC across the globe is mainly on the feasibility of their services which could be affordable to retail investors by the end of the day. Similarly, Technology is evolving fast, and asset management companies need to implement new tools as soon as they are released to use them to create more accurate models to predict market movements.
Developing Global Leadership Activities: Integrating Psychological and Spiritual Dimensions
Authors: Mashrabjonovich Odashev
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the factors and mechanisms involved in creating psychological and spiritual images of global leaders, as well as their impact on leadership effectiveness. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature and practical cases featuring real examples of global leadership. The study seeks to elucidate how psychological and spiritual dimensions contribute to the formation of leaders' identities and influence their decision-making and interactions in a global context. The expected findings of this research are anticipated to shed light on the complexities of leadership development and inform strategies for nurturing effective global leaders with a holistic understanding of human psychology and spirituality. By delving into the interplay of psychological and spiritual dimensions in developing global leadership activities, this study offers a novel perspective that contributes to the broader understanding of leadership effectiveness and paves the way for nurturing leaders with a more comprehensive worldview. By analyzing real examples from advanced economies of the world, such as Starbucks, Microsoft, Patagonia, and Unilever corporations, effective recommendations are drawn for Uzbek business owners, entrepreneurs, and global management practitioners from emerging economies in Central Asia. Leadership practices of these businesses are summarized by selected directions in a step-by-step manner.