bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of a biogas cleaning process using different amines
Authors: Sepúlveda Guillermo , Jaimes Luis Eduardo , Pacheco Leonardo , Díaz Carlos Alirio
Published: February 2018

The use of biogas generated in landfills has gained importance in developing countries like Colombia. Taking into account that this biogas presents poor combustion properties that make interchangeability with other combustible gases difficult, the elimination of gases and vapors, such as CO2 and H2O, through a cleaning process, in which the biogas is converted to biomethane, improves the biogas properties as a fuel gas for general use. In this work, we simulated the generation of biogas at El Carrasco sanitary landfill in Bucaramanga, using the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) landfill gas emissions model. Additionally, we simulated the biogas cleaning process to extract the remaining moisture using the ProMax software; for this, we used three different amines (MDEA, MEA, and DEA), followed by a glycol dehydration process. The results showed that the amine MEA produced the largest increase in the concentration of CH4 (90.37 %) for the biogas generated in the landfill. Furthermore, dehydration with glycol was an efficient process to obtain a gas with a high percentage of methane (91.47 %) and low water presence (1.27 %); this would allow the use of biomethane in conventional industrial combustion processes and power generation.
The Use of Anisaldehyde Sulfuric Acid as an Alternative Spray Reagent in TLC Analysis Reveals Three Classes of Compounds in the Genus Usnea Adans. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: Gerlach Alice da Cruz Lima , Gadea Alice , Silveira Rosa Mara Borges da , Clerc Philippe , Dévéhat Françoise Lohézic-le
Published: February 2018

Presence and identity of secondary metabolites are two of the main components of lichen taxonomy. Aromatic compounds formed via the acetyl-polymalonate pathway are the most studied lichen substances. In addition, compounds derived from the mevalonic acid pathway (e.g., terpenes and steroids) are sometimes detected in the medulla. However, their identity and value as diagnostic characters in the genus Usnea are yet poorly understood despite the fact that they were mentioned in several taxonomical papers. We conclude that i) aside from the previously recognized polyphenolic compounds, carbohydrates and steroids are also detected in the medulla of some Usnea species; ii) the use of sulfuric anisaldehyde reagent greatly improves the detection of terpenes, carbohydrates and steroids compared with the sulfuric acid reagent routinely used in thin layer chromatography; iii) among carbohydrates, we detected arabitol and sucrose in the medulla; iv) steroids and terpenes remain unidentified and deserve further investigations.
REJİ ŞİRKETİ CİBALİ TÜTÜN FABRİKASI İŞÇİ GREVLERİ (1883-1925)
Authors: OKTAR Tiğinçe , ALAN Mehmet Mubarek
Published: February 2018

Ücretli emeğin olduğu her dönemde grevlere rastlamak mümkündür. İşçi ve
işveren arasındaki ilişkinin dengeli seviyede ilerleyebilmesi için, işçiler
grev silahını geçmişten günümüze kullanmıştır. 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı ekonomisinde
görülen sanayileşme hareketleri ile birlikte grevlerin de arttığını görülmektedir.
Özellikle tütün sektöründeki sanayileşme ile birlikte ortaya çıkan tütün
işçilerinin grevleri, Osmanlı emek tarihinde önemli bir konumdadır. Tütün
tekelini elinde bulunduran Reji Şirketi’nin işçilerine sunmuş olduğu çalışma
koşulları, ücretler ve mesai saatlerini içeren ağır düzenlemelerine karşı,
işçiler zaman zaman grevlere giderek, daha iyi çalışma şartları için
direnmişlerdir. Şirketin, İstanbul’daki fabrikası olan, Cibali Tütün Fabrikası
işçilerinin grevleri genellikle tepkisel karakterli olmuş ve grev sebepleri ise
sadece ekonomik kaynaklı değil, sosyal sebeplerde olmuştur. Cibali Reji işçisi
zihniyetinde, grevler süresince oluşan “işçi sınıfı bilinci” dikkat çekmektedir.
Bu bilinç, yapılan grevlerle birlikte gelişmiş ve sosyalizm düşüncesi böylece
Osmanlı işçileri arasında yaygınlık kazanmışsa da, söz konusu gelişmeleri
devlet izleyerek, önlem almış ve bu düşüncenin İstanbul’da gelişimi yaygınlık
kazanmamıştır.
MÜLTECİ EMEĞİNİN TÜRKİYE İŞGÜCÜ PİYASALARINDAKİ GÖRÜNÜMÜ VE ETKİLERİ
Authors: AYGÜL Hasan Hüseyin
Published: February 2018

Toplumsal yaşamın çoklu alanlarına ve katmanlarına
sirayet eden ve küresel bir problem haline gelen ulusötesi göç hareketliliği,
kapsam ve boyutlarıyla ülkeleri işbirlikleri geliştirmeye ve örgütlenme
temelinde buluşmaya zorlamaktadır. Türkiye, küresel ve bölgesel krizlerin
türbülansında ve ulusötesi göç hareketliliğinin merkezinde yer alan kritik bir coğrafyadadır.
Özellikle geçici koruma statüsündeki Suriyelilerin ülke içindeki nüfusu ve
coğrafi dağılımı; eğitim, sağlık, güvenlik, barınma gibi çeşitli ihtiyaçlarının
giderilmesi hususunda yapılan yardımların hacmi; toplumsal etkileşimler,
işbirlikleri ve uyum sorunları gibi pek çok düzlemde ele alınması gereken toplumsal
ve ekonomik problemler bulunmaktadır. Bu hususlardan biri de neo-liberal esneklik
politikalarının ve nihayetinde küresel rekabetin bir sonucu olarak, işgücü
piyasalarının ihtiyaç duyduğu ucuz ve güvencesiz emek ihtiyacının mülteci işgücü
ile giderilmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında mültecilerin, Türkiye işgücü
piyasasındaki istihdam alanları ve koşulları ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca
mültecilerin, Türkiye ekonomisi açısından bir tehdit mi yoksa fırsat mı olduğu
çeşitli ekonomik göstergeler üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak esnek, ucuz ve güvencesiz bir görünüme sahip olan mülteci emeğinin, yerli
işgücünün istihdam ilişkilerini etkilediğini; ancak Türkiye açısından ekonomik
büyümenin önünü açabilecek bir anahtar da olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Development and evaluation of a rapid DNA preparation method for PCR-based DNA virus detection
Authors: Qu Tailong , Zhao Dun , Li Runcheng , Ge Meng , Yu Xinglong
Published: February 2018

We describe a simple, rapid and resource-saving method of DNA preparation from cultured cells, sera and animal tissues for PCR-based DNA virus detection. The method does not require the proteinase K, ethanol or phenol/chloroform used in conventional methods, and the entire procedure is performed in the same tube, reducing possible cross contamination between samples and the expense of laboratory ware. The protocol utilizes guanidine HCl and sodium dodecyl sulfate successively to lyse cells and dissociate proteins from nucleic acid at high temperature, and precipitates SDS and proteins at low temperature while reducing guanidine HCl concentration sufficiently to permit PCR-based virus detection. This method is extremely low cost, high sensitivity and provides a quick and effective way for clinical and laboratory virus detection, and is especially useful for simultaneous analysis of a large number of samples.
Immunogold Nanoparticles Recognition imaging by Direct Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Wenwen , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Liping , Li Lili , Zhao Xin , Li Jinke , Ma Xuezheng , Ping Ruijin , Hu Kongxin
Published: February 2018

We have developed a method that integrated the widely used nanogold immunoassay into direct atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and provided a specific morphological technique applying for virus identification. The series of specimens including bare gold particles (Au), antibody-conjugated gold particles (Au-Ab), purified influenza virions (H1N1), antibody-bound virions (H1N1-Ab) and virion-immunogold complex (H1N1- Ab-Au) were investigated by AFM and transmission electron microscopy stepwisely and parallelly. The recognition method of the immuno-AFM technique was constructed by taking the local phase contrast in phase image as main judgment for the existence of immunogold labels and taking the height and amplitude images as auxiliary judgment for viral morphology and positioning. The nanogold-antibody conjugates binding to the H1N1 virions were clearly identified as higher brightness spots from the background biomaterials. Under direct AFM, the topographical image of the scanned biosamples can be easily investigated and reproduced. Our findings achieved the combination of virus morphological features with antibody-antigen specific recognition through the application of antibody-specific nanogold labels and, in principle, the labels for immuno-AFM could be extended to other types of nanomaterials for bio-recognition and localization assay.
Emigration of Skilled Healthcare Workers from Developing Countries: Can Team-based Healthcare Practice Fill the Gaps in Maternal, Newborn and Child Healthcare Delivery?
Authors: Owusu, PhD Yaw , Medakkar, MSc Prerana , Akinnawo, MBBS Elizabeth M. , Stewart-Pyne, RN, BN, MHSc Althea , Ashu, PhD Eta E.
Published: February 2018

Background and Introduction: Emigration of healthcare workers from developing countries is on the rise and there is an urgent need for policies that increase access to and continuity of healthcare. In this commentary, we highlight some of the negative impacts of emigration on maternal and child health and discuss whether team-based healthcare delivery could possibly mitigate the shortfall of maternal and child health professionals in developing countries.Methodology: We cross-examine the availability of supporting structures to implement team-based maternal and child healthcare delivery in developing countries. We briefly discuss three key supporting structures: culture of sharing, telecommunication, and inter-professional education. Supporting structures are examined at system, organizational and individual levels. We argue that the culture of sharing, limited barriers to inter-professional education and increasing access to telecommunication will be advantageous to implementing team-based healthcare delivery in developing countries.Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Although most developing countries may have notable supporting structures to implement team-based healthcare delivery, the effectiveness of such models in terms of cost, time and infrastructure in resource limited settings is still to be evaluated. Hence, we call on usual stakeholders, government, regulatory colleges and professional associations in countries with longstanding emigration of maternal and child healthcare workers to invest in establishing comprehensive models needed to guide the development, implementation and evaluation of team-based maternal and child healthcare delivery.Key words: Emigration • Skilled health workers • Developing countries • Maternal and child health • Newborn •Team-based health careCopyright © 2017 Owusu et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Breaking a Paradigm: Can Oil Recovery from Shales be Larger than Oil Recovery from Conventional Reservoirs? The Answer is Yes!
Authors: Fragoso Alfonso , Selvan Karthik , Aguilera Roberto
Published: February 2018

Oil recovery worldwide from conventional reservoirs vary significantly from case to case, but it is sometimes presented at an approximate average of 30-35 % of the original oil in place (OOIP), including primary and secondary recovery. This study shows that proper implementation of huff and puff gas injection in shales can lead to larger percent oil recoveries. Explaining the reasons for this controversial and out of the box conclusion is the key objective of this paper.

This research starts by investigating flow units and pore throat sizes of shales, and by demonstrating the separate ‘upside-down’ or inverted vertical containment of natural gas, condensate and oil in shale reservoirs. Once vertical containment is demonstrated with data from the Eagle Ford shale in Texas, the research moves to investigating huff and puff gas injection in hydraulic fractured horizontal wells. The investigation is carried out by considering theoretical, core, laboratory, and petrographic data; and a simulation match and economics of an Eagle Ford huff and puff gas injection pilot.

Results, dramatic and that no doubt will become highly controversial, lead to the out of the box conclusion that oil recovery with correctly-performed huff and puff gas injection can lead to oil recoveries even larger than oil recoveries from conventional reservoirs, reaching levels of up to 40%+ of the OOIP in the oil container. The finding is important as oil recoveries from shales have been reported up to this point in the literature to be very low ranging between approximately 5 and 10 %.

The term "container" is not used generally in petroleum engineering, but proved of significant value in our research. A container is "a reservoir system subdivision, consisting of a pore system, made up of one or more flow units, which respond as a unit when fluid is withdrawn" (Hartmann and Beaumont, 1999).

Although this investigation is carried out only for the Eagle Ford shale of Texas, preliminary scoping studies indicate that a similar potential might exist in other tight and shale reservoirs such as the Duvernay, Montney and Doig reservoirs in Canada, and Vaca Muerta in Argentina.

The key contribution of this paper is highlighting the extraordinary potential of huff and puff gas injection in shale petroleum reservoirs, which can increase oil recoveries to even higher levels than the recoveries commonly achieved in conventional oil reservoirs. Economic benefits as a result of huff and puff gas injection in shales are included in the paper.
A Parametric Study on the Applicability of Miscible Gases Based EOR Techniques in Unconventional Liquids Rich Reservoirs
Authors: Alfarge Dheiaa , Wei Mingzhen , Bai Baojun
Published: February 2018

Shale formations in North America such as Bakken, Niobrara, and Eagle Ford have a huge oil volume in place, 100-900 Billion barrels of oil in Bakken only. However, the predicted primary recovery is still below 10%. Therefore, seeking for techniques to enhance oil recovery in these complex plays is inevitable. In shale oil reservoirs, EOR is relatively novel compared with in conventional oil reservoirs. The most investigated technique among EOR methods to be applied in shale oil reservoirs is injecting miscible gases which mainly include CO2, N2 and enriched natural gases. However, these different gases showed different performance in both of lab scale and field pilots conducted in shale reservoirs. In this paper, numerical simulation methods of compositional models have been incorporated with LS-LR-DK (logarithmically spaced, locally refined, and dual permeability) models to mimic the performance of CO2 as well as natural gases (lean gas and rich gas) in different scenarios of unconventional reservoirs. The models of this study are mainly built on the sensitivity analysis for the fluid and rock properties of Bakken formation. Sensitivity analysis methods used in this study were conducted by using two main methods of Design of Experiments (DOE) which are Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and One Parameter At A Time (OPAAT) approach.

This study found that the main parameters affecting CO2-EOR performance are not the same parameters influencing natural-gases (NGs) EOR performance in shale reservoirs. This happens due to the difference in the physical nature among gases, especially the molecular weight difference between CO2 and NGs where the molecular diffusion flow is the dominated flow type in those very tight formations. This study also indicated that NGs-EOR performance exceeds the performance of CO2-EOR in the formations with very small pore throats (Permeability in range of 0.00001-1 mD). However, injecting CO2 is highly recommended over injecting NGs in the reservoirs with the permeability of more than 1 mD. Moreover, it has been observed that NGs are not very strong function of natural fractures intensity as CO2. Furthermore, due to the small molecular weight of NGs, they do not require very large contact areas as CO2 does. This study explains the effects of different nano and macro mechanisms on the performance of CO2-EOR and natural-gases EOR in unconventional reservoirs since these plays are much complex and very different from conventional formations. Also, general guidelines have been provided in this study to enhance success of CO2-EOR in unconventional reservoirs.
Stochastic Modeling and Assisted History-Matching Using Multiple Techniques of Multi-Phase Flowback from Multi-Fractured Horizontal Tight Oil Wells
Authors: Williams-Kovacs J. D. , Clarkson C. R.
Published: February 2018

In this Paper, the methods developed by Clarkson et al. (2014) are used to analyze flowback data, which involves modeling flow both before and after the breakthrough of formation fluids. Despite the versatility of these techniques, achieving an optimal combination of parameters is often difficult with a single deterministic analysis. Because of the uncertainty in key model parameters, this problem is an ideal candidate for uncertainty quantification and advanced assisted history-matching techniques, including Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and genetic algorithms (GAs) amongst others. MC simulation, for example, can be used for both the purpose of assisted history-matching and uncertainty quantification of key fracture parameters.

In this work, several techniques are tested including both single-objective (SO) and multi-objective (MO) algorithms for history-matching and uncertainty quantification, using a light tight oil (LTO) field case. The results of this analysis suggest that many different algorithms can be used to achieve similar optimization results, making these viable methods for developing an optimal set of key uncertain fracture parameters. An indication of uncertainty can also be achieved, which assists in understanding the range of parameters which can be used to successfully match the flowback data.
Determination of Thermal Maturity and Maturation Trajectories in Shale Petroleum Reservoirs with the Use of Modified Pickett Plots
Authors: Olusola Bukola , Aguilera Roberto
Published: February 2018

This paper develops innovative methods for analysis of some important exploration and production problems in shale petroleum reservoirs such as the determination of burial maturity and maturation trajectories, and determination of sweet spots with the use of Modified Pickett plots. The methods are explained with data from 226 Niobrara wells.

Pickett plots have been used historically as a powerful tool for petrophysical analysis of well logs. The plots represent a snapshot on time that corresponds to the time when the well logs are run. Pickett plots rely on pattern recognition observable on log-log crossplots of porosity vs. true resistivity. The analysis has been used in the past primarily for determination of water saturation. However, the plot has been extended throughout the years for evaluation of other parameters of practical importance including, for example, permeability, process or delivery speed (permeability over porosity, k/ϕ), bulk volume of water (BVW) and pore throat apertures.

In this paper, Pickett plots are extended from representing a snapshot on time to representing millions of years of burial and maturation trajectories. The proposed method is explained with data from 226 Niobrara wells. The modified Pickett plots leads to curved lines of water saturation (Sw) and BVW. The maturation trajectories on the plot help to explain compaction and why as maturation increases to generate oil and gas condensate, resistivity goes up. However, as maturation increases to generate dry gas in the Niobrara, resistivity decreases. The Lopatin time-temperature index (TTI) is also included in the modified Pickett plot.

The proposed methodology also allows estimating changes in pore throat sizes updip and downdip of a structure, as well as in a basin flank. The ability to combine maturity, pore throat sizes, as well as porosity and process speed in a single graph makes the modified picket plot a valuable tool with potential to locate sweet spots in shale petroleum reservoirs to locate areas for possible improved oil recovery (IOR) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

The key contributions of this paper are generating an original method for determining burial maturity and maturation trajectories of shale petroleum reservoirs with the use of modified Pickett plots, as well as determining changes in pore throat sizes in different places of a structure, which lead to the location of sweet spots. Although the methodology is explained with data of the Niobrara shales, it should have application in other shale petroleum reservoirs of the world.
Ascorbic Acid Controls Lethal Browning and Pluronic F-68 Promotes High-frequency Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Cotyldonary Node Explant of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Irshad Muhammad , Rizwan Hafiz Muhammad , Debnath Biswojit , Anwar Muhammad , Li Min , Liu Shuang , He Bizhu , Qiu Dongliang
Published: February 2018

The regeneration frequency of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is greatly influenced by its genetic makeup and recalcitrant nature. Phenolic secretion, in particular, is a major problem in okra tissue culture. This study describes a reproducible, rapid, and more efficient in vitro regeneration method using cotyledonary node explants of okra. Explants were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations and combinations of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) [benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ), and α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA)], and regeneration enhancers [silver nitrate (AgNO3) and Pluronic F-68]. Cut ends of cotyledonary node segments rapidly turned brown and cultures failed to establish. Antibrowning additives, such as activated charcoal (AC), ascorbic acid (AA), and AgNO3 at various concentrations in PGR-free MS basal medium were tested for their ability to control phenolic secretion from explants. Among these additives, 15 mg·L−1 AA was found to be optimal for controlling phenolic secretion, resulting in healthy explants and culture establishment. The highest number of shoots (a mean of 9.3 ± 0.9 shoots per cotyledonary node explant) was obtained on MS media containing 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA + 1 mg·L−1 TDZ + 0.1% Pluronic F-68. Individual shoots were elongated on MS medium + 1 mg·L−1 BA + 0.1 mg·L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) (shoot length 5.3 ± 0.2 cm) and rooted on ½ MS medium + 1 mg·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 200 mg·L−1 AC (5.3 ± 0.2 roots per shoot). Rooted plantlets were acclimatized in plastic pots inside a plant growth chamber at 25 ± 2 °C and 70% relative humidity, with an 80% survival rate. This optimized protocol can be used for producing transgenic plants of commercial okra cultivars through genetic transformation.
Is There Variability for Xylem Vulnerability to Cavitation in Walnut Tree Cultivars and Species (Juglans spp.)?
Authors: Jinagool Wanploy , Lamacque Lia , Delmas Marine , Delzon Sylvain , Cochard Hervé , Herbette Stéphane
Published: February 2018

Drought-tolerance selection is a current challenge for breeding programs to ensure agrosystem resilience, particularly with intensity and frequency of drought increasing worldwide. In tree species, xylem vulnerability to cavitation is among the most important traits on which drought-induced mortality depends. It can be rapidly evaluated, enabling large-scale screening for drought resistance. Genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity for this trait have been studied in natural populations, but not yet for cultivated tree species. In this work, the genetic variability in xylem vulnerability to cavitation of six Persian walnuts (Juglans regia L.), six hybrid walnuts (J. regia × Juglans nigra), and seven walnut species was investigated. In the first step, the method for measuring xylem vulnerability to cavitation using the “Cavitron” centrifuge technique was improved on walnut samples to obtain more accurate results. The Cavitron technique was found well suited to assessing xylem vulnerability to cavitation on this species using a 0.38 m rotor, which is large enough to analyze samples with intact vessels. Despite differences in wood anatomical traits, xylem vulnerability to cavitation among the Persian walnuts studied was similar. Very narrow variations in xylem vulnerability to cavitation were also found among hybrid walnuts. Only slight differences were observed on comparing species among which some have shown differences in various traits. These results suggest uniform selection, leading to canalization in cavitation resistance for cultivated Juglans.
Transient Heterologous Gene Expression Methods for Poison Ivy Leaf and Cotyledon Tissues
Authors: Dickinson Christopher C. , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Jelesko John G.
Published: February 2018

Poison ivy [Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntz] is a widely recognized native plant species because of its production of urushiol, which is responsible for delayed contact dermatitis symptoms in humans. Poison ivy is predicted to become both more prevalent and more noxious in response to projected patterns of climate change. Future studies on poison ivy chemical ecology will require reverse genetics to investigate urushiol metabolism. A prerequisite for reverse genetic procedures is the introduction and expression of recombinant DNA into poison ivy tissues. Poison ivy leaves and cotyledons were marginally susceptible to vacuum- and syringe-agroinfiltration and expression of two firefly luciferase (LUC)–based reporter genes. The efficacy of agroinfiltration and transient LUC expression was dependent on leaf age and plant growth environmental conditions, with young leaves grown in magenta boxes showing highest transient LUC expression levels. Agroinfiltrated leaves showed an Agrobacterium-dependent accumulation of brown–colored pigments. Biolistic transformation of a LUC reporter gene did not show brown pigment accumulation and readily displayed transient LUC bioluminescence in both leaves and cotyledon tissues. These studies establish best practices for introducing and transiently expressing recombinant DNA into poison ivy leaf and cotyledon tissues, on which future reverse genetic procedures can be developed.
A Treatment Combining Hot Water with Calcium Lactate Improves the Chilling Injury Tolerance of Mango Fruit
Authors: López-López Martha Edith , López-Valenzuela José Ángel , Delgado-Vargas Francisco , López-Angulo Gabriela , Carrillo-López Armando , Ayón-Reyna Lidia Elena , Vega-García Misael Odín
Published: February 2018

‘Keitt’ mango is one of the most important cultivars, and it is usually stored at a low temperature during its commercialization to extend shelf life and reach distant markets. However, it is susceptible to chilling injury (CI) and some prestorage treatments are required to reduce the incidence of this disorder. This research shows for the first time the protective effect of a combination hot water-calcium lactate (Ca) against CI in mango fruit cv. Keitt. Fruit were subjected to hot water treatment (HWT) (46.1 °C, 75–90 minutes) or treated with 0.5% Ca or with the combination HWT + Ca, stored at 5 °C for 20 days, and ripened at 21 °C for 7 days. CI index (CII), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) production, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity [2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH)], and activity of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] were analyzed in mango samples after 0, 10, and 20 days of cold storage and after ripening. Hot water treatments (HWT and HWT + Ca) were more effective than Ca in providing protection against CI as evidenced by lower incidence of symptoms and lower EL and MDA. HWT + Ca increased the content of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids during the cold storage, which correlated with the antioxidant capacity by ABTS. SOD and APX showed higher activity in HWT + Ca–treated fruit, whereas CAT activity was higher in fruit with HWT and Ca. These results suggest that HWT + Ca provided CI tolerance of ‘Keitt’ mango by activation of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems.
Influence of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Postharvest Quality of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Leaves
Authors: Mudau Ambani R. , Soundy Puffy , Araya Hintsa T. , Mudau Fhatuwani N.
Published: February 2018

The aim of the current study was to determine the influence of modified atmospheric pressure on the quality of baby spinach during storage. Treatments consisted of control [(normal air) (78% N2; 21% O2)], modified atmosphere (MA) (5% O2; 15% CO2; balance N2), storage temperature (4, 10, and 20 °C), and number of days after storage (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12). Parameters recorded are gas composition, weight loss, sensory quality, minerals and trace elements (Mg, Fe, and Zn), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. The results of this study demonstrated that in the headspace gas there was overall reduction in O2 and increase in CO2 levels over the storage period. After 6 days of storage, all samples in normal air irrespective of the storage temperature were found to fall short of acceptable marketability with regard to visual appearance. The total antioxidant activity and flavonoids were well maintained under controlled atmosphere (CA) at 4 °C when stored for 9 days.
Herbaceous Perennial Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Biochar-amended Propagation Substrates
Authors: Hoover Benjamin K.
Published: February 2018

The first objective of this study was to assess the effects of coconut shell biochar in propagation substrate on seed germination and seedling growth of Coreopsis grandiflora (Hogg ex Sweet) ‘Early Sunrise’, Leucanthemum ×superbum (Bergman ex J. Ingram) ‘Silver Princess’, and Eschscholzia californica (Cham.). Cornell seed germination mix was amended with the biochar (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or 40%, v/v). Seed germination and seedling growth were determined during a 21-day period in two germination rooms. This particular biochar amendment did not affect final germination percentage for any of the species. All three species had seedling shoot and primary root length growth with low to moderate positive correlation (r = 0.33–0.54) with coconut shell biochar amendment volume. Coreopsis seedling dry weight was significantly higher with 40% biochar than the control (P ≤ 0.05). The second objective of the study was to compare digitally collected data with manually collected data. Two-dimensional scans of Coreopsis and Leucanthemum seedlings were collected. Seedling dry weight (mg) and seedling length (mm) predicted seedling two-dimensional area for Coreopsis (R2 = 0.73, P < 0.001) and Leucanthemum (R2 = 0.87, P < 0.001). Digitally traced shoot and root lengths were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.99–0.97) with manual ruler measurements, suggesting that digital imaging could replace manual length measurements. The results of this study suggest inclusion of this particular coconut shell biochar in seed germination, and establishment substrates can have neutral or positive effects on herbaceous perennial germination and establishment.
Hybridization of Cultivated Highbush Blueberry with Vaccinium stamineum: Phenotype and Fertility of Backcross1 Populations
Authors: Lyrene Paul M.
Published: February 2018

Nine F1 hybrids produced by crossing seven tetraploid highbush blueberry cultivars with three tetraploid Vaccinium stamineum genotypes were backcrossed to an array of highbush blueberry cultivars to produce 2500 Backcross1 (BC1) seedlings. Thirty of the most vigorous BC1 plants were intercrossed in a greenhouse. Fertility of the BC1 plants was studied by examining their pollen at 250× and by determining the number of well-developed seeds per pollinated flower after the crosses. Percent well-formed microspores averaged 62.7% for BC1 plants compared with 30.9% for their F1 hybrid parents. Fruit set percentage was high from the BC1 intercrosses, with an average of 9.29 plump seeds per pollinated flower. The 2500 BC1 seedlings in the field were highly variable in vigor, but fewer than 10% were as vigorous as the median vigor of highbush × highbush seedlings. BC1 plants in the field averaged ≈1 month later ripening than highbush × highbush seedlings and berries averaged slightly smaller. Berry clusters were very loose compared with those of highbush. Berry flavor was highly variable from plant to plant, but the berries averaged less sweet and lower in acid than highbush berries. New flavor components not found in highbush seedlings were found in only a few BC1 seedlings. Fresh berries from BC1 plants made bright red juice when crushed in water, whereas berries from most highbush cultivars produced brown to yellow juice/water mixes. Although berry quality in the BC1 population averaged lower than in highbush seedlings, some plants had berry quality as high as typical cultivars. Because V. stamineum is highly drought-tolerant, cultivars bred using V. stamineum introgression could have improved upland adaptation.
Evaluation of Host Resistance to Botrytis Bunch Rot in Vitis spp. and Its Correlation with Botrytis Leaf Spot
Authors: Naegele Rachel P.
Published: February 2018

Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of Botrytis bunch rot and gray mold, is the number one postharvest disease of fresh grapes in the United States. Fungicide applications are used to manage the disease, but fungicide-resistant isolates are common and postharvest losses occur annually. Host resistance is needed for long-term management of the disease. Sources of resistance in grape have been identified, but often have poor fruit quality. In this study, 27 grape lines (cultigens and species), including high fruit–quality Vitis vinifera, were evaluated for fruit and leaf susceptibility to two isolates of B. cinerea. No significant differences in virulence or pathogenicity were detected between the two isolates, but differences in disease incidence were evident among lines in leaves and berries. Most V. vinifera cultivars evaluated had high disease incidence in berries, whereas complex hybrids, Vitis aestivalus and Vitis arizonica, had low- to moderate disease incidence. Two V. vinifera breeding lines had moderate susceptibility (<50% disease) to Botrytis bunch rot when inoculated with either isolate. Only one V. vinifera line had little (<5%) to no berry or leaf disease when inoculated with either isolate. Moderate resistance (10% to 25%) was detected in Vitis spp., and a single V. vinifera line. Correlations were examined among soluble solids, leaf susceptibility, and fruit susceptibility. No correlations between soluble solids and disease susceptibility (leaves or berries) were identified, but moderate correlations between leaf and berry susceptibility were observed. Moderate resistance to Botrytis bunch rot and leaf spot were detected in Vitis breeding lines, suggesting these may be useful for developing grape cultivars with high fruit quality and resistance to B. cinerea.
Constructing a Scientific Explanation in Anthropology on the Principles of Methodological Individualism
Authors: Ignjatović Suzana , Bošković Aleksandar
Published: February 2018

The paper deals with methodological individualism in sociocultural anthropology. Key theories and debates within the framework of methodological individualism in anthropology are presented in the paper. The authors discuss criticisms aimed at the use of methodological individualism in anthropology as not suitable for anthropology, due to its specificity. Instead, they argue that methodological individualism has advantages for a better understanding of many anthropological topics, especially compared to methodological holism. The authors’ assumption is that anthropology is not exclusively a holistic science, as the history of anthropological theory points to an important tradition of methodological individualism. The focus is placed on alternative models of scientific explanation, found in the works of contemporary anthropologists (Holy, Stuchlik), as well as methodological individualists from other disciplines (Boudon), whose conclusions are applicable to anthropology. Methodological individualism does have a significant place in anthropology. There are areas of anthropology that can draw heuristic benefit from epistemological approaches based on the principles of methodological individualism.
Vegetarianism: Ethical, Ecofeminist and Biopolitical Perspective
Authors: Petkovska Sanja
Published: February 2018

The position of animals in theoretical imagination and society stems from the historical naturalization of basic epistemological and ontological categories, the complex socio-cultural genesis of concepts whose assumptions are not easy to unravel nowadays. The given understanding of subjectivity and sociability entails nature as its opposite, but also that all other categories in border classification areas are a priori subordinate to human interests and goals. The debates that took place during the 1970s and 1980s, when it comes to animal rights movements and the ecofeminist movement, have made some sort of confusion in the then accepted approach to this issue. However, only recently has the current biopolitical theory, by posing the question of human determinism and taking into account the conceptual breakthroughs related to the boundary between biological species, established in modern discourse, brought significant innovations in the debate on vegetarianism. In order to explain the shifts that can be made in the debate in the area that opened up with biopolitical theory, two arguments that have dominated the debate for a long time - ethically and ecofeministically – are subjected to critical analysis. While the ethical and ecofeminist standpoints are focused on the categories of political subjectivity and anthropocentric assumptions, biopolitics raises the issue of overcoming the deep ambivalence of normative and practical solutions that characterize the human attitude towards animals and their planned and systematized killing for the requirements of the food industry.
Two Identity Narratives
Authors: Kovačević Ivan , Antonijević Dragana
Published: February 2018

Specific populations with fluid identities are subject to external construction of their particularity and rarely expose their own commitments in public arena. Their identity-related feelings and loyalties are built up in correlation of personal intimacy, cultural intimacy and various inputs stemming from the sphere of identity. Varieties of storytelling play significant role in displaying identity-related intimacy and are used in elaboration of identity-inputs that are externally served to such populations. Based on superficial, genristic storytelling, interplay of various flaws of consciousness enables for the playful mixture of emotional precepts. Two types of storytelling on particularity of guest workers (gastarbeiter) are examined, in order to explore their formative potential and transformation through time. Literary narrative, as represented in the novel by Darko Markov Twilight in Viennese Hallway (Sumrak u Bečkom haustoru), and publicist narrative, as represented in The World in Shadows (Svijet u sjeni), a book by Nenad Popovic, are also interpreted as valuable sources for the understanding of identity troubles, especially as sources of representation of guest workers as living in-between geographical and social worlds.
From Local and Regional to National: Construction of Krashovanian Identitty in the XXI Century
Authors: Nedeljković Saša
Published: February 2018

Identities of Krashovani has not so far been the subject of serious and systematic research by sociocultural anthropologists. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this paper to highlight this problem from the position of the mentioned discipline. The change in the manner of Krashovani declaring through history was analyzed, but also the process of constructing their contemporary identity formula at the institutional level, as well as the application and development of identities at the interactive and individual level. In addition to field research, conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Carasova, the material was collected through review of media reports, as well as observing Facebook's accounts.
Fortress under Siege: Narratives of Ethnic Conflict and Discrimination among Hungarian Youth in Vojvodina
Authors: Rácz Krisztina
Published: February 2018

This paper analyzes narratives of ethnic conflict among Hungarian and Serbian youth in Vojvodina. These experiences are narrated by Hungarian young people from Mali Iđoš in the Central Bačka region in the interviews with the author of the paper, and the excerpts of the transcripts are analyzed according to the Labovian socio-linguistic scheme. It argues that narrative structure varies according to the interlocutor’s gender; however, all narratives demonstrate similarity in terms of positioning the protagonists of such events as committing subjects and suffering objects. In addition, the narratives are highly script-like, which suggests a lack of diversity in the available discursive frames for narrating the experience of conflicts perceived as ethnically motivated. The most common script, which the interlocutors of this research use as well, constructs and justifies ethnic groups as simultaneously in confrontation with and isolated from each other, linguistically, culturally and geographically, and articulates interethnic experiences as a threat.
Forms of Manifestation of Cannibalism
Authors: Pejković Kristina
Published: February 2018

The paper presents the typology of cannibalism and forms of its manifestation. It first presents endocannibalism and exocannibalism, as the two most widely defined forms, in which all other types can be included. As special forms of manifestation, which include the ritual dimension, funeral cannibalism and medieval cannibalism, within the ritual of the Eucharist, are singled out. Presented after are the characteristics of war cannibalism that occureed among tribes, but also as a response to European colonization and conquest, in the form of war anti-colonialist movements. The medical and pharmaceutical cannibalistic practices that emerged in medieval Europe and that were based on the beliefs about the healing quality of human blood and body parts are described in particular. As part of this practice, the tradition of treatment with mummies singled out and became very popular in medieval Europe.
Quantum quench dynamics of the attractive one-dimensional Bose gas via the coordinate Bethe ansatz
Authors: Zill Jan , Wright Tod , Kheruntsyan Karen , Gasenzer Thomas , Davis Matthew
Published: February 2018

We use the coordinate Bethe ansatz to study the Lieb–Liniger model of
a one-dimensional gas of bosons on a finite-sized ring interacting via
an attractive delta-function potential. We calculate zero-temperature
correlation functions for seven particles in the vicinity of the
crossover to a localized solitonic state and study the dynamics of a
system of four particles quenched to attractive interactions from the
ideal-gas ground state. We determine the time evolution of correlation
functions, as well as their temporal averages, and discuss the role of
bound states in shaping the postquench correlations and relaxation
dynamics.
Takotsubo Syndrome is Associated with Mood Disorders and Antidepressants Use, not with Anxiety and Impairment of Quality of Life Due to the Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Sancassiani F. , Carta Mauro G. , Montisci Roberta , Preti Antonio , Machado Sergio , Moro Maria F. , Marchetti Maria F. , Meloni Luigi
Published: February 2018

Background:

The aim was to study the association between mood and anxiety disorders and the Tako-Tsubo Syndrome (TTS) and to determine the role of antidepressants and the impairment of quality of life due the comorbid psychiatric disorder.

Methods:

Case-control study: 19 consecutive patients (17 female) with TTS compared to 76 controls without TTS, were randomly selected from the database of a nationwide epidemiological study after matching (gender, age and residence) by controls. Psychiatric diagnoses were carried out according to the ICD-10 using semi-structured interview tools (ANTAS-SCID) administered by clinical staff. Quality of Life (Qol) was assessed by means of SF-12.

Results:

Only Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) showed higher frequencies in cases with statistical significance difference (p=0.014) as well as at least one Mood Disorder Diagnosis [MDD or BD] (p=0.002). The lifetime prevalence of at least one anxiety disorder with no comorbid mood disorder did not show a higher frequency in cases (p=0.57).

The score at SF-12 in the TTS group was similar to those of controls (p=0.71)In the TTS group, the score at SF-12 in people with one mood or anxiety diagnosis (N=7) was similar to those without mood or anxiety diagnosis (p=0.75). The use of antidepressants was higher in TTS group (15.79% vs 1.31%; p=0.030).

Conclusion:

The study shows an association between TTS with depressive disorders and antidepressants use and does not confirm the association with anxiety syndromes. The study suggests the need to investigate the possible interactions between antidepressants use and mood disorders in studies with appropriate design and sample size.
Effect of stale seedbed and subsequent application of herbicides on weeds and productivity of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) fibre
Authors: KUMAR MUKESH , GHORAI A. K. , NANDY USSREE K. , GHORAI S MITRA K. , KUNDU D. K.
Published: February 2018

A field experiment was conducted to find out suitable weed management practice for control of
broad spectrum weeds in jute during 2015 and 2016. Seven weed management practices viz., T : 1
Farmers practices , T : Stale seed bed (SSB) + glyphosate 41% SL 1.25 kg/ha, T : SSB+glyphosate 1.75 2 3
kg/ha, T : SSB + glyphosate 1.25 kg/ha + pretilachlor 50% EC 1.0 kg/ha, T : SSB +glyphosate 4 5
1.75kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha, T : SSB +glyphosate 1.25 kg/ha+butachlor 50 % EC 1.0 kg/ha and 6
T : SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + butachlor1.0 kg/ha were tested in randomised block design (RBD) 7
with three replication. Cyperus rotundus was dominant weed species with 60-75 % of relative
density in experimental field. SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha effectively
controlled density and dry weight of Cyperus rotundus, grass weeds (Echinochloa colonum and
Eleusine indica), broad leaved weeds (Physalis minima, and Trianthema portulacastrum) compared to
farmers' practices. SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha also recorded the highest
plant height (293 cm and 335 cm), basal diameter (2.14 and 2.19 cm) and fibre yield (34.9 and 38.9
q/ha) of jute during 2015 and 2016. This treatment also recorded the highest net income (Rs 54182
and 75687/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (1.23 and 1.46) in jute cultivation during 2015 and 2016,
Therefore, SSB with glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha +pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha may be practiced for effective
weeds control specially Cyperus rotundus, higher productivity and income in jute cultivation.
Livelihood improvement through integrated farming system interventions to resource poor farmers
Authors: KUMAR SANJEEV , . SHIVANI
Published: February 2018

The field experiment was conducted to study the integrated farming approach over conventional
method of agriculture farming. An area of 5.6 ha of land was selected for the experimental trial
involving twelve small and marginal farmers at village Chakramdas of Vaishali district in Bihar.
The initial survey conducted to assess the farming practice and the economics of conventional
farming over developed integrated farming systems (IFS). The crop equivalent yield (q/ha), net
returns (Rs/ha) and the Benefit: Cost ratio was calculated both as per farmers practice and as per
integrated farming approach. Crop + fish +duck +goat integration supersedes over all other
integrations in terms of monetary returns (Rs. 1,07, 828/annum) with a sustainability index of 83.9
while in terms of RGEY, Crop + fish + cattle integration supersedes among other integrations
(18.76t/ha) but due to more labour requirement it couldn't supersedes over crop + fish + duck + goat
integration in economic terms. Under individual component goat rearing again supersedes over
other enterprises with a B: C ratio of 2.7. Additional nutrient gain in terms of NPK was found
highest with poultry upon nutrient recycling within the system.