bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Stain Penetration by Beverages in Demineralized Enamel Treated With Resin Infiltration
Authors: Lee J , Chen J-W , Omar S , Kwon SR , Meharry M
Published: November 2015

Purpose

To evaluate stain penetration by different beverages in artificially demineralized human teeth treated with resin infiltration.

Methods and Materials

Sixty extracted human permanent molars were demineralized, treated with resin infiltration (Icon), and immersed in four different beverages (coffee, grape juice, iced tea, and distilled water; N=15) for four weeks. After aging, teeth in the distilled water group were stained with 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. All teeth were sectioned, and stain penetration was evaluated under light microscopy. Chi-square test, independent and paired sample t-test, analysis of variance with the Fisher least significant difference post hoc test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the results (p<0.05).

Results

Resin infiltration–treated surfaces (Icon surfaces) had statistically significant fewer samples with presence of stain penetration compared to untreated surfaces (control surfaces) (p<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in depth of stain penetration in Icon surfaces compared to the control surfaces (p<0.001). Among tested beverage groups, iced tea showed significantly greater depth of stain penetration (0.134±0.029 mm), followed by grape juice (0.118±0.047 mm), methylene blue (0.022±0.019 mm), and coffee (0.008±0.017 mm; p<0.001).

Conclusion

Both Icon and control surfaces exhibit stain penetration by different beverages (iced tea, grape juice, and coffee). However, resin-infiltrated enamel surfaces allow significantly less depth of stain penetration compared to untreated surfaces. The iced tea group presents greatest depth of stain penetration, followed by grape juice, methylene blue, and coffee.
Use of Mechanistic Models to Investigate Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Lee Jong-Sub , Gibson Nelson , Kim Y. Richard
Published: November 2015

Effects of design air void contents, design voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and in-place air voids on the fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures were investigated with mechanistic analyses based on the viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) analyses and the mechanistic–empirical pavement analysis using the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design program. The VECD analyses included the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model at the material level and two structural models: ( a) layered viscoelastic analysis and ( b) layered viscoelastic pavement analysis for critical distresses. The mix design of a 2013 accelerated loading facility test lane was selected to develop the volumetric mix designs with the design air voids of 3%, 4%, and 5%, design VMAs of 13%, 14%, and 15%, and in-place air void contents of 5%, 7%, and 9% with the Bailey method. Dynamic modulus and direct tension cyclic fatigue tests were performed in accordance with the AASHTO TP 107 procedure. The test results showed that the linear viscoelastic property was affected by the design VMA, design air void content, and in-place air void content in order of sensitivity. Also, the damage states at failure determined from the damage characteristic curves and the mechanistic fatigue predictions had consistent trends as observed for the design VMA, in-place air void, and design air void content in rank of sensitivity. Finally, the design VMA, in-place air void, and design air void parameters were found to be sensitive in the mechanistic analyses, whereas the parameter that was most sensitive in the pavement mechanistic–empirical analysis was the in-place air void content.
Defoliation, Shoot Plasticity, Sward Structure and Herbage Utilization in Pasture: Review of the Underlying Ecophysiological Processes
Authors: Gastal François , Lemaire Gilles
Published: November 2015

Sward structure affects herbage growth, pasture species dynamics, and herbage utilization. Defoliation management has a major impact on sward structure. In particular, tiller size-tiller density compensations allow for the maintenance of herbage growth. Tiller size and tiller density are determined by several major morphogenetical components. Defoliation affects these morphogenetical components, depending on its frequency and its intensity, through several direct and indirect physiological and environmental processes. Due to the implications of leaf area removal, defoliation has a direct effect on the mobilization of C and N reserves and their supply to growing leaves. In addition, defoliation has an indirect effect on leaf and tiller morphogenesis, due to its impact on the light environment within the canopy as well as plant responses to light signals (blue light, red far red ratio). Defoliation may also in some cases have a direct negative effect on leaf growth by damaging leaf meristems. Understanding the respective role of these various physiological and environmental processes requires studies where defoliation, photosynthetic active radiation and light signals are manipulated independently. Past and recent knowledge on these direct and indirect effects of defoliation on plant morphogenesis are discussed, leading to an overall integrated view of physiological and environmental processes that lead to adaptations of sward structure in response to defoliation management. Major consequences for herbage utilization efficiency are presented.
Optimizing Management of Patients with Adult T Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma
Authors: Yared Jean , Kimball Amy
Published: November 2015

Adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma is a rare disease with a high mortality rate, and is challenging for the clinician. Early allogeneic stem cell transplant can confer durable remission. As novel therapeutic agents become available to treat T cell malignancies, it is increasingly important that medical oncologists, hematologists, and hematopathologists recognize and accurately diagnose adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma. There is no uniform standard of treatment of adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma, and clinical trials remain critical to improving outcomes. Here we present one management approach based on the recent advances in treatment for adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma patients.
Development of β Type Ti23Mo-45S5 Bioglass Nanocomposites for Dental Applications
Authors: Jurczyk Karolina , Miklaszewski Andrzej , Jurczyk Mieczyslawa , Jurczyk Mieczyslaw
Published: November 2015

Titanium β-type alloys attract attention as biomaterials for dental applications. The aim of this work was the synthesis of nanostructured β type Ti23Mo-x wt % 45S5 Bioglass (x = 0, 3 and 10) composites by mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy methods and their characterization. The crystallization of the amorphous material upon annealing led to the formation of a nanostructured β type Ti23Mo alloy with a grain size of approximately 40 nm. With the increase of the 45S5 Bioglass contents in Ti23Mo, nanocomposite increase of the α-phase is noticeable. The electrochemical treatment in phosphoric acid electrolyte resulted in a porous surface, followed by bioactive ceramic Ca-P deposition. Corrosion resistance potentiodynamic testing in Ringer solution at 37 °C showed a positive effect of porosity and Ca-P deposition on nanostructured Ti23Mo 3 wt % 45S5 Bioglass nanocomposite. The contact angles of glycerol on the nanostructured Ti23Mo alloy were determined and show visible decrease for bulk Ti23Mo 3 wt % 45S5 Bioglass and etched Ti23Mo 3 wt % 45S5 Bioglass nanocomposites. In vitro tests culture of normal human osteoblast cells showed very good cell proliferation, colonization, and multilayering. The present study demonstrated that porous Ti23Mo 3 wt % 45S5 Bioglass nanocomposite is a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Optical and Electrical Properties of TTF-MPcs (M = Cu, Zn) Interfaces for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Sánchez-Vergara María , Leyva-Esqueda Mariel , Alvárez-Bada José , García-Montalvo Verónica , Rojas-Montoya Iván , Jiménez-Sandoval Omar
Published: November 2015

Sandwich structures were fabricated by a vacuum deposition method using MPc (M = Cu, Zn), with a Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative, and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and aluminum electrodes. The structure and morphology of the deposited films were studied by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The absorption spectra of TTF derivative-MPc (M = Cu, Zn) thin films deposited at room temperature were recorded in the spectral range 200–1000 nm. The optical band gap of the thin films was determined from the (αhν)1/2 vs. hν plot. The direct-current (DC) electrical properties of the glass/ITO/TTFderiv-MPc (M = Cu, Zn)/Al structures were also investigated. Changes in conductivity of the derivative-TTF-enriched Pc compounds suggest the formation of alternative paths for carrier conduction. At low voltages, forward current density obeys an ohmic I-V relationship; at higher voltages, conduction is mostly due to a space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism.
Therapeutic Potential of Interferon-γ and Its Antagonists in Autoinflammation: Lessons from Murine Models of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Authors: Avau Anneleen , Matthys Patrick
Published: November 2015

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) affects immune responses in a complex fashion. Its immunostimulatory actions, such as macrophage activation and induction of T helper 1-type responsiveness, are widely acknowledged, however, as documented by a large body of literature, IFN-γ has also the potential to temper inflammatory processes via other pathways. In autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, IFN-γ can either play a disease-enforcing role or act as protective agent, depending on the nature of the disease. In animal models of any particular autoimmune disease, certain changes in the induction procedure can reverse the net outcome of introduction or ablation of IFN-γ. Here, we review the role of endogenous IFN-γ in inflammatory disorders and related murine models, with a focus on systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). In particular, we discuss our recent findings in a mouse model of sJIA, in which endogenous IFN-γ acts as a regulatory agent, and compare with results from mouse models of MAS. Also, we elaborate on the complexity in the activity of IFN-γ and the resulting difficulty of predicting its value or that of its antagonists as treatment option.
A Comparative Analysis of Energy Usage and Energy Efficiency Behavior in Low- and High-Income Households: The Case of Kitwe, Zambia
Authors: Malama Albert , Makashini Lilias , Abanda Henry , Ng'ombe Austine , Mudenda Priscilla
Published: November 2015

Energy efficiency has been an important topic since the latter part of the last century. This is because adoption of energy efficiency measures has been acknowledged as one of the key methods of addressing the negative impact of climate change. In Zambia, however, the need to adopt energy efficiency measures has not just been driven by the imperative to mitigate the negative effects of climate change but also by a critical shortage of energy. This research looks at households’ energy consumption behavior in low- and high-income areas of Kitwe. Recent studies on the relationship between household energy consumption and behavioral lifestyle have been descriptive, with limited emphasis on the relationships between various variables. In this study, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to investigate relationships between the two income groups and various energy consumption-related variables such as knowledge about energy reduction measures, energy saving strategies, barriers to the use of energy saving strategies, and the motives for using energy reduction strategies. Methodologically, the study was largely quantitative in nature, with questionnaires administered to a combined total of 56 households. However, key interviews were also conducted that helped us to get a clearer understanding of some of the issues covered in the research. Key findings are that whereas the descriptive statistics show that there are behavioral differences between the two income groups, the inferential statistics show that there is no relationship between income level and the energy efficiency variables. This has been found to be consistent with results from studies done elsewhere. The key lesson is that there is low usage of energy efficiency measures in both low- and high-income areas and that the authorities need to change the way information is disseminated to consumers from the current method of advertising to social diffusion.
Effect of a Chitosan-Based Biodegradable Middle Meatal Dressing after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study
Authors: Hsu Kevin , Ericksen Matthew , Catalano Peter
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The use of biomaterials to improve wound healing after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is not new. Many types of resorbable and non-resorbable materials have been tried as a middle meatal (MM) dressing, spacer, or stent to prevent lateralization of the middle turbinate, formation of synechia, granulation tissue, adhesions and scarring. The FDA has recently approved Chitosan-based nasal dressing/spacers which have optimal wound healing characteristics, including hemostatic and bacteriostatic properties. Herein, we compare a new chitosan-based biomaterial to a popular fully synthetic resorbable dressing in patients undergoing ESS. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was performed comparing a new Chitosan-based bioresorbable nasal dressing (Posi-Sep X) against a previously studied and well known fully synthetic polyurethane-based control (Nasopore). Post-operative outcome metrics included the degree of crusting, amount of retained implant, patient comfort, wound healing, epistaxis, and post-operative infection at two weeks. Results: Thirty-five patients were enrolled and a total seventy implants were placed (n = 70) at the completion of ESS. The results show a statistically significant difference between the Chitosan-based product and the control with respect to wound healing, degree of crusting, and resorption profile. In addition, the Chitosan-based dressing had a markedly lower requirement for post-operative debridement, and a lower incidence of epistaxis and infection, which corresponds to superior patient comfort. Conclusion: Our study is consistent with the biomaterials literature regarding the potential advantages of Chitosan-based MM dressings after ESS regarding improved wound healing, biocompatibility, and patient comfort.
Silencing of a Germin-Like Protein Gene (CchGLP) in Geminivirus-Resistant Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) BG-3821 Increases Susceptibility to Single and Mixed Infections by Geminiviruses PHYVV and PepGMV
Authors: Mejía-Teniente Laura , Joaquin-Ramos Ahuizolt , Torres-Pacheco Irineo , Rivera-Bustamante Rafael , Guevara-Olvera Lorenzo , Rico-García Enrique , Guevara-Gonzalez Ramon
Published: November 2015

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are encoded by a family of genes found in all plants, and in terms of function, the GLPs are implicated in the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. CchGLP is a gene encoding a GLP identified in a geminivirus-resistant Capsicum chinense Jacq accession named BG-3821, and it is important in geminivirus resistance when transferred to susceptible tobacco in transgenic experiments. To characterize the role of this GLP in geminivirus resistance in the original accession from which this gene was identified, this work aimed at demonstrating the possible role of CchGLP in resistance to geminiviruses in Capsicum chinense Jacq. BG-3821. Virus-induced gene silencing studies using a geminiviral vector based in PHYVV component A, displaying that silencing of CchGLP in accession BG-3821, increased susceptibility to geminivirus single and mixed infections. These results suggested that CchGLP is an important factor for geminivirus resistance in C. chinense BG-3821 accession.
Assessment of canine autologous platelet-rich plasma produced with a commercial centrifugation and platelet recovery kit
Authors: Frye Chris , Enders Andrew , Brooks Marjory , Struble Angela , Wakshlag Joseph
Published: November 2015

Objectives: To characterize the cellular composition (platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes) and confirm reproducibility of platelet enrichment, as well as determine the platelet activation status in the final product of a commercial platelet-rich plasma kit using canine blood.

Methods: Venous blood from 20 sedated client-owned dogs was used to prepare platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from a commercial kit. Complete blood counts were performed to determine erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet numbers in both whole blood (WB) and resultant PRP. The WB and PRP samples from jugular (fast collection) and cephalic (slow collection) venipuncture were also compared. P-selectin externalization was measured in WB and PRP samples from 15 of 20 dogs.

Results: This commercial kit produced an average percent recovery in platelets of 64.7 ± 17.4; erythrocytes of 3.7 ± 0.8, and leukocytes of 31.6 ± 10.0. Neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte percent recovery was 19.6 ± 7.2, 44.89 ± 19.8, and 57.5 ± 10.6, respectively. The recovery of platelets from jugular venipuncture (59.7 ± 13.6%) was lower than from cephalic recovery (68.8 ± 19.1%). The mean percent P-Selectin externalization for WB, PRP, and PRP with thrombin was 25.5 ± 30.9, 4.5 ± 6.4, and 90.6 ± 4.4 respectively.

Clinical significance: Cellular reproducibility of this kit was confirmed and platelets were concentrated within autologous serum. Additionally, measurements of P-selectin externalization showed that platelets are inactive in PRP unless stimulated to degranulate.
Observations of sacrocaudal fusion in Greyhounds and other dogs
Authors: Oheida Aiman , Philip Christopher , Yen Hung-Hsun , Davies Helen
Published: November 2015

Objectives: To describe the incidence and forms of nonpathological sacrocaudal fusion in racing Greyhounds and compare them with those in a variety of other domestic dog breeds.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used archived anatomical specimens from 81 racing Greyhounds and 10 Beagles, and archived clinical radiographs from 81 non-Greyhound dogs representing 37 other breeds. Dogs less than two years of age and dogs with evidence of soft tissue or osseous pathology involving the sacrocaudal region were excluded. The incidence of osseous sacrocaudal fusion (any type and complete fusion) was compared between Greyhounds and all of the other dogs combined, using the Fisher's exact test.

Results: Sacrocaudal fusion of some type was found in 33 (41%) of 81 Greyhounds but in only 14 (15%) of 91 non-Greyhound dogs (p <0.01). Complete fusion (osseous fusion of vertebral bodies and both transverse and articular processes) between the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra was the most common form in Greyhounds, found in 27 (33%) of 81 Greyhounds, but in only three (3.3%) of 91 non-Greyhound dogs (p <0.01).

Clinical significance: Sacrocaudal fusion appears to be more prevalent in Greyhounds than in other domestic dog breeds and may be attributable to selection pressure for speed on a region of the spine that is naturally prone to variation. Its significance for performance and soundness requires further study.
Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds by incorporating ligand-free hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into biodegradable polymer scaffolds and release studies
Authors: Farkas Balazs , Rodio Marina , Romano Ilaria , Diaspro Alberto , Intartaglia Romuald , Beke Szabolcs
Published: November 2015

We report on the optical fabrication approach of preparing free-standing composite thin films of hydroxyapatite (HA) and biodegradable polymers by combining pulsed laser ablation in liquid and mask-projection excimer laser stereolithography (MPExSL). Ligand-free HA nanoparticles were prepared by ultrafast laser ablation of a HA target in a solvent, and then the nanoparticles were dispersed into the liquid polymer resin prior to the photocuring process using MPExSL. The resin is poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), a photo-polymerizable, biodegradable material. The polymer is blended with diethyl fumarate in 7:3 w/w to adjust the resin viscosity. The evaluation of the structural and mechanical properties of the fabricated hybrid thin film was performed by means of SEM and nanoindentation, respectively, while the chemical and degradation studies were conducted through thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR. The photocuring efficiency was found to be dependent on the nanoparticle concentration. The MPExSL process yielded PPF thin films with a stable and homogenous dispersion of the embedded HA nanoparticles. Here, it was not possible to tune the stiffness and hardness of the scaffolds by varying the laser parameters, although this was observed for regular PPF scaffolds. Finally, the gradual release of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles over thin film biodegradation is reported.
Southern Ocean Asteroidea: a proposed update for the Register of Antarctic Marine Species
Authors: Moreau Camille , Aguera Antonio , Jossart Quentin , Danis Bruno
Published: November 2015

The Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS, De Broyer et al. 2015) is the regional component of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board 2015) in the Southern Ocean. It has been operating for the last ten years, with a special effort devoted towards its completion after the International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007-2008, in the framework of the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML, 2005 - 2010). Its objective is to offer free and open access to a complete register of all known species living in the Southern Ocean, building a workbench of the present taxonomic knowledge for that region. The Antarctic zone defined by this dynamic and community-based tool has been investigated with a particular interest. The Sub-Antarctic zone was a secondary objective during the establishment of the RAMS and is still lacking the impulse of the scientific community for some taxa.

In the present study, more than 13,000 occurrences records of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) have been compiled within the RAMS area of interest and checked against the RAMS species list of sea stars, using WoRMS Taxon Match tool. Few mismatches (basionym mistakes : i.e. original name misspelled or incorrect) were found within the existing list and 97 unregistered species are actually occurring within the RAMS boundaries. After this update, the number of Asteroidea species was increased by around 50%, now reaching 295 accepted species.
Hospital, en Charlotte (U. S. A.)
Authors: Odell A. G.
Published: November 2015

Construido en varias fases, este complejo sanitario consta de las siguientes edificaciones: el hospital propiamente dicho, un edificio para los pacientes en período de restablecimiento total, un bloque de dormitorios para enfermeras, otro con dos plantas destinado al lavado de ropa y plancha, y la nueva planta de vapor, además del edificio para la instrucción de enfermeras, y el de alojamiento para el personal interno.
El conjunto está dotado de los últimos adelantos en el campo de la medicina y sirve al propio tiempo como Centro de formación profesional de médicos, enfermeras y técnicos sanitarios.
El tratamiento dado a sus fachadas, marquesinas de entrada, y juego de volúmenes de las distintas alas y edificios, imprimen una gran modernidad al Charlotte Memorial Hospital.
Puente sobre el río Parramatta, Australia
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: November 2015

En Gladesville, Sydney (Australia), se construye un puente, de hormigón armado y pretensado, que, por sus 277 m de luz, será el mayor de los hasta hoy construidos en arco. Está formado por cuatro arcos o nervios huecos como tramo central, de 277 m de luz, y cuatro tramos de acceso a uno y otro lado. El proyecto inicial sufrió alguna variante que introdujo el Departamento de Obras Públicas de Sydney. Cada uno de los cuatro arcos del tramo central, que deja una altura libre de 36 m para la navegación fluvial, se ha, subdividido en 108 dovelas huecas de 50 t cada una. Entre ellas, y convenientemente espaciados, se han colocado unos diafragmas transversales, pretensados, que sirven de arriostramiento de los cuatro arcos entre sí. Sobre el extradós de los arcos se levantan los montantes que soportan el tablero del puente, que tiene 22 m de calzada, y dos andenes, de 1,80 m cada uno, para peatones. Las vigas pretensadas del tablero se han prefabricado en dos talleres próximos al puente, uno a cada lado del río. Para hormigonar los cuatro arcos se utilizó una cimbra metálica, única,, que se desplazaba de uno a otro. El tesado se realizó con series de gatos planos, tipo Freyssinet, intercalados entre cierto número de dovelas, que se expondrían bombeando aceite en su interior hasta conseguir cierto aumento de volumen; después se sustituía el aceite por mortero y se continuaba la operación en otra serie de gatos, hasta elevar el arco sobre su cimbra. Sucesivamente, se pasaba de uno a otro arco.
Fuego y acero
Authors: Sfintesco D.
Published: November 2015

El autor expone en este trabajo, en forma breve y llamativa, las bases en que conviene apoyarse para poder resolver racionalmente el problema de la seguridad de las estructuras de acero frente al fuego. Su lectura hace comprender claramente que no puede constituir esta base el temor irreflexivo, con sus secuelas de revestimientos y precauciones onerosos, e innecesarios la mayor parte de las veces, sino la ponderación prudente de los riesgos posibles, de los medios disponibles para combatir el peligro y de los daños probables que del incendio se puedan derivar. Termina el artículo con un rápido comentario del nuevo Reglamento italiano, probablemente el más moderno y avanzado de todos los existentes sobre esta materia de protección contra el fuego.
Martini & Rossi – Madrid
Authors: De Ferrater Ramoneda Jaime
Published: November 2015

En el planeamiento y construcción de cada una de las edificaciones que componen este establecimiento enológico, se siguió un criterio preponderantemente objetivo y funcional; para cada función sucesiva —del tratamiento de vinos para la obtención de aperitivos y licores— fue estudiado y diseñado el albergue adecuado, y estudiadas sus relaciones con las otras funciones.
Del organigrama dimensionado se derivó directamente la, planta general y la composición de volúmenes; y de ello surgió la variedad y dinamisma que las mismas presentan.
La nave de embotellado está constituida por una serie de pórticos—arcos parabólicos—, de los que queda suspendido, mediante tensores reglables, el almacén.
En resumen, el conjunto construido destaca, por su originalidad y elegante sencillez.
La torre del Danubio, en Viena
Authors: Schmidt Wilhelm
Published: November 2015

La torre simbólica de la Exposición de Horticultura, celebrada recientemente en Viena (Austria), es de hormigón armado y tiene 260 m de altura total, de los que 181 corresponden al fuste y el resto a una aguja metálica. En el interior del fuste se han instalado dos ascensores para 15 personas cada uno, con una velocidad de 6,5 m por segundo. En los últimos 31 m se han montado terrazas, un bar y un restaurante, constituyendo las primeras unos magníficos miradores para contemplar la ciudad y sus alrededores- Dicho fuste es de hormigón armado y tiene un perfil en arco de parábola. Su construcción se ha realizado utilizando encofrados deslizantes. Se hormigonó a un ritmo de 4 m por día y una velocidad de corrimientos de los encofrados de 0,25 m por hora de trabajo. Dado el gran peso propio, 17.000 t, y teniendo en cuenta la concentración de esfuerzos, los cimientos están constituidos por una estructura troncocónica, hueca, cuyo interior tiene forma cilíndrica y su base es un disco, hueco, de 31 m de diámetro exterior y 10,20 m de diámetro interior. La unión entre el fuste y la parte superior de la estructura de cimientos se ha realizado mediante un anillo de compresión. Hay que destacar que, a pesar de estar situada la torre en el centro de la ciudad, la armonía urbana conseguida es perfecta.
Hangar para el avión del Shah del Irán
Authors: Jawerth D.
Published: November 2015

Para el avión particular del Shah se ha construido, en el aeródromo de Teherán, un hangar con cubierta suspendida, cerrada con chapa ondulada de aluminio.
El proyecto se redactó en el estudio Jawerth (Estocolmo) y se le adjudicó la ejecución de las obras a una empresa constructora sueca.
El hangar cubre un rectángulo de 56x30 m. Su estructura está constituida por una serie de montantes, entre los cuales se distribuyen las celosías trianguladas de cables. Dichos montantes van provistos con vientos que los mantienen en posición y se anclan al exterior del hangar. Cada celosía o cercha triangulada tiene un cable de sustentación, otro inferior de tesado y uno intermedio para la triangulación.
El montaje, realizado por personal no especializado, consistió en colocar los montantes inclinados, mantenerlos en posición con vientos, y disponer después los cables entre dichos montantes. A continuación, levantar estos últimos hasta llevarlos a la vertical, utilizando los tensores previstos en los anclajes de los vientos. Una vez realizada esta operación, las cerchas se hallaban convenientemente tesadas y la estructura tenía la rigidez suficiente para asegurar su estabilidad general.
Las tensiones de tesado se controlaron partiendo del grado de inclinación de los montantes y de la intensidad de las oscilaciones inducidas en los cables.
La puerta está dividida en dos partes, con tres elementos cada una, disponiendo, en el central, de un motor eléctrico para abrir y cerrar.
Ampliación del puerto Lyttelton. Nueva Zelanda
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: November 2015

La Junta de Obras del puerto de Lyttelton (Nueva Zelanda) ha redactado un proyecto de reforma y construcción de nuevos muelles y rompeolas para absorber el creciente movimiento portuario, cuyo coste se eleva a 4,5 millones de libras.
La obra consiste en un muelle frontal, continuo, de 1.070 m de longitud, en zona de gran calado, capaz para que atraquen barcos de gran tonelaje.
La estructura está constituida por una zona de rellenos, ganados al mar, en cuyo frente se hallan unas filas de pilotes sobre los que descansa la estructura del muelle, construida a base de madera dura australiana; en cambio, la plataforma formada sobre el relleno es de madera blanda del país.
Los montes que bordean al mar han sido perforados con dos túneles: uno para carretera y otro para ferrocarril. Estas vías—que salvan una distancia de 11 km—unirán el puerto con Christchurch, la ciudad más importante de South Island.
El fondo era fango semilíquido, de difícil contención, por lo que se procedió a levantar el relleno, con un sencillo e ingenioso método. Este consiste en echar tongadas de piedra, procedente de canteras de préstamos, que, al hundirse, creaban una ola o flujo de fangos en la línea frontal. Esta ola se dragaba, y el relleno y avance se continuaba. Hubo que utilizar la piedra por no existir arena suficiente en las proximidades.
Documento de Idoneidad Técnica -TAPIFLEX "CONFORT". -C.D.U.: 69.025.356 S.F.B. (43) Tn - Convalidación n. 2 Agrément del C. S. T. B. n.° 1933, Fecha: 27-111-1965 - Revestimiento de suelos
Authors: Nadal J.
Published: November 2015

No disponible
Iglesia de San Juan Bautista, en Italia
Authors: Michelucci Giovanni , Vannucci Enzo
Published: November 2015

El organismo arquitectónico está formado, esencialmente, por tres partes: una galería procesional de ingreso y el baptisterio, a la izquierda de la entrada principal, y la gran nave a la derecha; entre estos dos cuerpos existen dos pequeños claustros.
Al proyectar esta iglesia no se ha tenido la pretensión de diseñar una forma nueva o de pensar en estructuras originales, sino que «la forma» resultante es una consecuencia lógica de la premisa fundamental: «servir a los hombres» en un lenguaje «popular».
La arquitectura ha sido tratada, en este caso, como algo vivo y cambiante bajo los efectos de la luz, de la sombra, de las estaciones. La plástica de su forma orgánica imprime una sublime emoción al que la contempla desde la campiña circundante.
Complejo religioso de la Academia de las U.S. Air Force, en Colorado
Authors: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Arquitectos
Published: November 2015

El edificio construido aloja: un templo protestante con asientos para 900 personas; una capilla católica con capacidad para 500 fieles, y una sinagoga para 100 fieles sentados; así como una serie de dependencias anexas: coros, vestuarios, sacristías, un baptisterio para la capilla católica, etc., y una pequeña capilla lateral—en conexión con la capilla católica—para Nuestra Señora del Aire.
Además de la ambientación conseguida utilizando materiales actuales, este edificio simbólico destaca por la habilidad y acierto con que los arquitectos han jugado con: la dinámica de la forma y la energía del color.
La industrialización de elementos constructivos de grandes dimensiones, en Polonia
Authors: Aguirre de Yraola F.
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo recopila las impresiones y los datos más característicos recogidos por su autor durante el viaje de estudios realizado en noviembre del año pasado a Polonia. Fruto de la colaboración con el profesor B. Lewicki, especialista de renombre en materia de industrialización y prefabricación pesada de la construcción, fueron las visitas a varias fábricas de grandes elementos, así como a importantes centros técnicos, tales como el Instituto de la Vivienda, el Instituto Técnico de la Construcción, el Instituto para la Organización y Mecanización, el Comité Polaco de Normalización, etc., de Varsovia, y a numerosas realizaciones de Cracovia. El objetivo de este viaje fue el estudio para la adaptación de las nuevas técnicas industrializadas de la edificación a los parámetros y posibilidades de nuestro país.
La fluencia en materiales mixtos
Authors: Johannson J.
Published: November 2015

La inquietud ha sido siempre el mejor de los estímulos en la ciencia, artes y técnicas, ya que, espontáneamente, afronta las aparentes dificultades que generalmente envuelven y ocultan la verdad. Tanto en el análisis como en la síntesis, el proceso puede ser directo o indirecto, continuo o discreto y hasta ecléctico. El autor se ha inclinado hacia este último en este trabajo.
Dar normas definidas con carácter general para el estudio de una estructura en sus distintos aspectos, es tema que ha inquietado a un gran número de especialistas; pero las aportaciones, cada día más numerosas, justifican claramente que la inquietud persiste y que las soluciones, aun aceptándolas, no satisfacen. El camino sigue abierto y la superación de soluciones, ayer reducidas en número, se presenta más inquietante en el futuro, ya que el técnico ha de decidirse por una y son muchas las que se le ofrecen para elegir.
En este trabajo el autor amalgama el método distributivo de Cross con los conceptos hasta hoy clásicos en los fenómenos de fluencia y estados plásticos que de ella se derivan, pero dando preferentemente carácter matemático al desarrollo sin entrar en el aspecto físicoteórico de los fenómenos de viscosidad y fluencia.
Como la finalidad perseguida es la de una aplicación inmediata del procedimiento de cálculo, el trabajo se ha ilustrado con varios ejemplos numéricos que facultan la comprensión y aplicación de las fórmulas obtenidas.
Edificio en Klagenfurt, Austria
Authors: Esterl Martin , Baurecht Otto , Riedmann Ludwig , Rabischnig Willibald
Published: November 2015

El conjunto edificado comprende: un bloque de cinco plantas destinado a oficinas; y otro, que consta de cuerpos: el superior, con diez plantas, destinado también a oficinas, y el inferior, ocupado por unos grandes almacenes. Entre estos últimos hay una amplia terraza con jardín. Un edificio secundario limita el área de aparcamiento y contiene una serie de dependencias auxiliares de los almacenes. Klagenfurt cuenta ya con unas edificaciones construidas según las normas y sistemas más actuales, si bien procurando siempre que sus líneas modernas se adapten armónicamente a los edificios de los alrededores.
Puente sobre el río Enns, Austria
Authors: Polensky & Zöllner Constructora
Published: November 2015

Se ha construido y puesto en servicio un puente para carretera sobre el río Enns en Steyr (Austria), con objeto de mejorar la circulación de vehículos y evitar las congestiones que se producían frecuentemente. Complementan al puente otras tres obras de menor importancia, constituidas por dos puentes y un túnel para el paso de peatones.
La estructura que soporta el tablero es celular, tipo cajón, de tres células y cuatro almas y tabiques verticales, con canto variable desde 6 m sobre las pilas intermedias a 2,30 m en la clave. El puente se subdivide en tres tramos de 47, 101 y 70 m de luz, respectivamente. El intradós sigue el perfil de una curva suave.
Del cuerpo de la estructura salen dos ménsulas que soportan los dos andenes para peatones, quedando el tablero con una anchura total de 17 metros.
La estructura se construyó, en voladizo, por trozos de 3,50 m de longitud. El pretensado longitudinal se realizó con cables, del tipo PZ-A-100, sometidos a un esfuerzo inicial de 120 t, alojados en sus vainas. Terminadas las operaciones del hormigonado y después de que éste adquiriese el grado de resistencia previsto, se pusieron las armaduras en tensión. Finalmente se procedió a la inyección de una lechada de cemento en el interior de las vainas, para cuya operación se contó con una serie de ventosas que aseguraba la expulsión del aire.
Documento de Idoneidad Técnica, Granulite CD.U.: 693621 S.F.B. Un 6 - Convalidación n.° 5 Agrément del C.S.T.B. n."2.117 Fecha: 28 de julio de 1965 - revestimiento interior de muros
Authors: Nadal J.
Published: November 2015

El revestimiento interior de muros GRANULITE se obtiene por aplicación, sobre la superficie a revestir, de una capa de pasta compuesta de un árido mineral y de im conglomerante constituido por una emulsión acuosa de resina sintética.
Vivienda unifamiliar, en Majadahonda (Madrid)
Authors: Lamela Antonio
Published: November 2015

La distribución interior de esta vivienda unifamiliar, que se diseñó siguiendo los conceptos actuales de zonificacion, y de un adecuado aislamiento y conexión entre las distintas zonas creadas, destaca por su claridad y sencillez.
Señalamos asimismo que, en todo lo posible, se ha procurado introducir el jardín en el porche y la vivienda, y que el dormitorio de servicio tenga un triple uso: dormitorio, cuarto de plancha y comedor de servicio y niños.
Su arquitectura es simple y actual, plena de autenticidad.
Iglesia de San Luis, en Missouri (Estados Unidos)
Authors: Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum Arquitectos
Published: November 2015

Esta Iglesia, de planta circular y de 39,62 metros de diámetro, consta de: una nave para 700 feligreses, un coro para 100 monjes y 12 capillas laterales. El acceso se realiza a través de cuatro entradas situadas diametralmente opuestas.
En cuanto a su composición arquitectónica presenta una serie de formas cónicoparabólicas —dispuestas en tres anillos concéntricos y superpuestos —construidas a base de láminas delgadas, de hormigón armado, que acusan en el exterior las distintas zonas y funciones, que se desarrollan en el interior.
Barriers to Academic Entrepreneurship in Knowledge Based Spinoffs
Authors: Cerdan-Chiscano Monica , Olivé Antoni , Jimenez-Zarco Ana Isabel , Torrent-Sellens Joan I.
Published: November 2015

In this chapter, we will discuss the role of knowledge as a strategic resource for companies. Universities focus on knowledge development as the main result of their research groups activities; but really few exploit this intangible resource through knowledge-based spinoffs (KBSOs), given some internal barriers that hinder the academic entrepreneurship activity. In order to identify them, is performed an exploratory analysis with a population of 130 research groups belonging to social science and Humanities areas Faculties of Autonomous University of Barcelona. The results confirm the conclusions presented in previous studies regarding existence of two types of barriers to enterprise: structural and operational. Also, it evidences the existence of different types of research groups, and how the size, research area and principal researcher's academic status affect the way that barriers to academic entrepreneurship are perceived, as well as both transfer processes and entrepreneurial activity that are developed.
Innovation in Luxury Fashion Businesses as a Means for the Regional Development
Authors: Giacosa Elisa
Published: November 2015

The focus of this chapter is to provide scientific evidence to luxury fashion businesses for competing in a competitive global market, providing for further research opportunities of the innovation strategy. Thanks to a qualitative method, in this chapter it emerged that the innovation strategy may focus on different elements, such as products and processes according to the framework distinction. Even if the distinction between products and processes is not always clear-cut, it has several implications. In this chapter, the connection between the company and its territory permits the creation of some networks between several parties, producing a regional development: they could improve the competitiveness of the company, creating an increased advantage against its competitors.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Sustainable Universities in Regional Development
Authors: Celikdemir Deniz Zaptcioglu , Katrinli Alev
Published: November 2015

The chapter presents the impact of entrepreneurial sustainable universities in regional development by considering the effect of institutional approach. The aim of the chapter is to explain the concept of an entrepreneurial sustainable university within institutional approach. The entrepreneurial sustainability in higher education is analyzed and its relationship with other concepts, such as ethics and corporate social responsibility. Higher education is important for social and economic development, their relationship with entrepreneurial sustainability should also be examined. The entrepreneurial activities of university and its contribution to regional development are emphasized.
Innovation in Extremadura
Authors: Corchuelo Beatriz , Mesías Francisco J.
Published: November 2015

The main objective of this chapter is to analyze which are the barriers perceived by Extremaduran firms and how these barriers affect their willingness to perform innovative activities or to be innovative firms. We have used data collected in 2013 from an ad hoc survey. Results show that, firstly, there are differences in the perception of the barriers especially in young and exporter firms that detect more barriers although they have a strong willingness to innovate. Secondly, even if innovation is considered an essential source of competitiveness, there is an important unwillingness to innovate in non-innovative firms. This behaviour is especially due to barriers related with high costs and financial restrictions to innovate. These barriers also reduce the likelihood of the firms to innovate. Both innovative and non-innovative firms detect the presence of barriers to innovation highlighting the perceived lack of support from government.
Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos José Freitas , Ribeiro José Cadima
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to a better understanding of the link between social entrepreneurship and institutional environment in Portugal. A quantitative approach is used in the study, with primary data collected through an online survey. A questionnaire was emailed to both Portuguese Non-Governmental Organizations and projects available on the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange. In the analysis of the data, we used descriptive statistics, factorial analysis and t-student tests in an attempt to validate the research hypotheses. The results show that a favorable institutional environment has low importance in the decision to develop social entrepreneurial initiatives. This conclusion supports the idea that many social entrepreneurs can emerge even in developing regions where the institutional environment is weak. Therefore, social entrepreneurship could be an instrument of regional development and contribute to attenuating the social and economic differences among Portuguese regions.
Boosting Entrepreneurism as a Product of Urban Creativity and Governance
Authors: Gonçalves Jorge , Vilhena da Cunha Inês
Published: November 2015

This chapter aims to describe and reflect on the experience developed in a metropolitan territory that ambitiously wanted to articulate entrepreneurship, creativity and urban governance. In spaces marked by economic and social crisis the requirement to mobilize synergies between local actors is even more pressing. From the municipality's leadership, Almada Idea Laboratory Project sought to involve university professors and students to generate creative ideas as well as business hosting centre for the installation of projects with greater viability and the community in general that had the opportunity to assess and discuss the product of this effort. The council offered its urban space as a living laboratory. Ideas, business opportunities and, above all, the possibility of creating and strengthening links between actors, often distant, proved a very successful experience both in objective results as in the formation of useful social capital to develop new projects.
Creating Product Innovation Strategies through Knowledge Management in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: November 2015

This chapter aims to create product innovation strategies through knowledge management (KM) in global business, thus explaining the theoretical and practical concepts of product innovation strategy and KM; the significance of product innovation strategies and KM in global business; and the creation of product innovation strategies through KM in global business. The capability of product innovation strategies and KM is significant for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, strengthen competitiveness, and attain regular success in global business. Modern organizations should establish a strategic plan to create product innovation strategies through KM. The chapter argues that creating product innovation strategies through KM has the potential to improve organizational performance and achieve strategic goals in global business.
Adoption of Gamified Systems
Authors: Aydin Gokhan
Published: November 2015

This study aims to understand the factors affecting the attitude towards and adoption of gamified systems, which are receiving increasing interest worldwide as they can be used for attitude change and increasing user engagement in a wide range of areas. Whether individuals use these systems because they consider them useful or if there are other motivational factors deemed important are analysed. Considering the gamification applications as new technology applications, an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) is used based on existing literature to explain attitude formation and adoption of gamified systems. An online survey is carried out on a social networking gamification website (EmpireAvenue.com) and the collected data is analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that extended TAM incorporating intrinsic motivation elements (enjoyment and playfulness) is able to explain attitudes towards and continued use intention for a gamified system.
Consumers Perception towards Online Shopping With Special Reference to Dakshina Kannada(D)
Authors: Rakesh T S , Madhushree S
Published: November 2015

This paper mainly highlights the current trends of online purchasing in India and also the factors which influences or attracts the consumers to prefer online purchasing rather than choosing the old pattern of retail shopping to buy goods or services especially in the Dakshina Kannada district. To investigate these 525 respondents were interviewed with structured questionnaires among dispersed consumers of online stores in district which randomly selected. Finally test for proportion analysis was used on data in order to test hypothesises of study. This study can be considered as an applied research from purpose perspective and descriptive-survey with regard to the nature and method.