bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rewitched: Retextuality and the Queering of Bewitched
Authors: Miller Taylor Cole
Published: November 2021

At the same time the 1960s sitcom Bewitched aired in reruns next to drag queens on LOGOtv, a cable channel targeted to LGBTQ viewers, it also aired on the former National Christian Network channel (FamilyNet) immediately preceding a lineup of church programs featuring far-right, anti-gay hosts. Bewitched's ability to appeal to these very different channels’ brands and audiences underscores a textual vigor and sustainability for success in syndication that even the best so-called quality shows today lack. While some may deride a study of syndication (and reruns especially) as irrelevant and passé, syndicated programs are neither of those things if their continued popularity assures our familiarity with them. As a text, Bewitched is already supple enough to motivate two politically opposing media brands to pick it up, but the context of each of these channels’ flow, including commercials, station IDs, and edits to content, can make the experience of watching the same episode of any show on different channels a wholly different textual experience. This article returns to foundational theories of TV flow and intertextuality to propose retextuality as a theoretical and methodological intervention in studies of television. It argues that in syndication, the production labor of syndicators, executives, programmers, and marketing departments effectively retextualizes shows like Bewitched, offering scholars opportunities for new textual analyses and new insight into the marginalized and queer audiences syndicated programming often serves.
Maria Hirszbein: An (In)visible Figure of Polish Cinema of the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Radkiewicz Małgorzata
Published: November 2021

This article examines the career of the Polish film producer Maria Hirszbein (1889–1939/1942) in relation to the development of interwar Polish cinema, including Yiddish films, and the modern idea of a “New Woman.” Investigating Hirszbein's activities as the successful manager of her company, Leo-Film, and as cofounder and member of the Polish film producers’ unions, the article explores her professional accomplishments and innovative work style, which was based on teamwork and promoting young, talented actors, creative directors, and screenwriters sensitive to social issues. In reconstructing Hirszbein's professional biography, the text combines different sources such as press reports, film reviews, photographs from the collection of the Polish National Film Archive (FINA), and data collected by the Institute of Jewish History in Warsaw.
Continuous Weave: Feminist Experimental Filmmaking Genealogies
Authors: Keller Sarah
Published: November 2021

In the year before her death in 2019, Barbara Hammer gave footage from four incomplete projects as well as funds she had procured from the Wexner Center for the Arts to four fellow filmmakers to use as they wished. Her footage of a Guatemalan marketplace and women weaving was given to Deborah Stratman, whose film Vever (for Barbara) (US, 2019) combines the work of two of her artistic predecessors, Hammer and Maya Deren. Making use of the footage Hammer shot in 1975 as well as passages, images, and sound from Deren's work, Stratman creates a film that underlines several tendencies of feminist experimental art and continues the legacy of all three women's art. Cooperative, collaborative, and productively fragmented, it honors the creative lineage of which it is a part.
The Documentaries of Barbara Hammer: Lesbian Creativity, Kinship, and Erotic Pleasure in the Historical Margins
Authors: Gregg Ronald
Published: November 2021

Lesbian filmmaker Barbara Hammer turned from experimental filmmaking to feature-length documentaries in the early 1990s. These late documentaries illustrate her distinct perspective on queer history and affect, which was influenced by 1970s lesbian feminism and queer scholarship in the 1980s and 1990s. Her structure and style in these films draw on the tools of both conventional historical documentaries and experimental film. Offering an astonishing range of evidence, Hammer creatively presents queer plenty from the margins of the archive. Through this evidence, Hammer affirms past queer lives, celebrating and highlighting rebelliousness, agency, creativity, queer kinship, and passion. Additionally, Hammer attempts to communicate with and embody the past, physically and emotionally seeking out and feeling the interior and exterior lives of her biographical subjects, who are predominantly creative women, including the poet Elizabeth Bishop, the Dada artist Hannah Höch, the surreal photographer Claude Cahun, and the painter Nicole Eisenman.
Conjuring Barbara
Authors: Street Mark
Published: November 2021

This personal essay remembers the filmmaker's encounters with Barbara Hammer as teacher, mentor, and friend. It traces the production of So Many Ideas Impossible to Do All (dir. Mark Street and Barbara Hammer, US, 2019), a film that considers Hammer's epistolary relationship with the poet Jane Brakhage.
Ephemeral/Material
Authors: Davis Rosemary K. J.
Published: November 2021

This piece examines the transfer of Barbara Hammer's archive to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. The archivist working with the collection highlights the complex emotions involved with this process and reflects on how her own archival work was influenced by Hammer.
Sickle cell segmentation and classification for thalassemia aid diagnosis
Authors: Leow Yen-Siang , Ng Kok-Why , Yoong Yih-Jian , Ng Seng-Beng
Published: November 2021

Background: Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disease in which abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) carry insufficient oxygen throughout the body. Conventional methods of thalassemia detection through a complete blood count (CBC) test and peripheral blood smear image still possess a lot of weaknesses.

Methods: This paper proposes a hybrid segmentation method to segment the RBCs. It incorporates adaptive thresholding and canny edge method to segment the RBCs. Morphological operations are performed to clean the leftovers. Shape and texture features are extracted using the segmented masks and the gray level co-occurrence matrix. Data imbalance treatment is used for solving the imbalance cell type class in distribution. In the data resampling layer, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN), and random over sampling (ROS) are performed and evaluated using the decision tree and logistic regression. In the classification layer, the decision tree, random forest classifier and support vector machine (SVM) are assessed and compared for the best performance in classification.

Results:The proposed method outperforms the other methods in the image segmentation layer with the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 89.88%. In the data resampling layer, ADASYN is employed as it is more accurate than the SMOTE and ROS. The random forest classifier is chosen at the classification layer as it is more accurate than the decision tree and support vector machine (SVM).

Conclusions:The proposed method is tested on the latest dataset of erythrocyteIDB3 and it solves the issues of imbalanced data due to the insufficient cell classes.
The reshaping of the administrative procedure through technology as an opportunity to reinforce subjects’ rights
Authors: Neves Ana
Published: November 2021

The digital transformation of public administrations is visible in the way several services are being delivered, in the communication tools that are being used and on access to administrative information. Technology intervenes more deeply in decision-making procedures. The administrative decisions are increasingly based on automated processing, either partially or fully. Automated decision-making can facilitate the correctness of decisions, insofar as computing and algorithms potentially make the application of law less conducive to errors of fact and errors of law, and to motivations beyond the protected legal interests. It, however, poses interesting challenges: it redefines the very concept of executive application of the law (e.g., creating or making use of an administrative intermediate rationality), of procedural information gathering, of the duty to give reasons for decisions and of the way of reviewing them. Regardless of the automatization of decision-making, the administrative information systems interoperability conciliated with the data portability right redefine the gathering of information and evidence, reinforcing the principle of investigation, which can mean a higher accuracy of fact-finding with less burden on individuals. In both cases, the use of technology in the administrative procedure demands rethinking the meaning of central values of the exercise of administrative powers.
Romania: derogation from the European Convention on Human Rights – freedom of expression during public emergency
Authors: Márton Mónika
Published: November 2021

A pandemic can provide a textbook example for the restrictions of fundamental rights and freedoms. Romania has decided to derogate from the application of the European Convention on Human Rights during the state of emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The questions discussed in this paper are whether the derogation of Romania fulfils the criteria established by the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. If the answer is affirmative: does it have any effect on the inherent limitations on the freedom of expression as stated in art. 10 of ECHR?
Die Rechtssprechung des Verfassungsgerichtshofs in Bezug auf die Meinungsfreiheit
Authors: Lis Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Wolność wypowiedzi to podstawowe prawo człowieka. Istnienie w państwie swobody wypowiedzi jest fundamentem demokracji. Źródłem wolności wypowiedzi jest godność osoby ludzkiej. Rola unormowań konstytucyjnych sprowadza się do potwierdzenia istnienia tej wolności. W orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego podkreśla się jednak, że wolność wypowiedzi nie ma charakteru absolutnego.
L’obiezione di coscienza al giuramento nella giurisprudenza della Corte Costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana
Authors: Lewandowski Piotr
Published: November 2021

La libertà relativa alle proprie convinzioni, la libertà di coscienza e quella che permette di far propria una determinata concezione del mondo, nella sua dimensione interiore, è un diritto assoluto che non può essere soggetto a limitazione. La coscienza, intima essenza del soggetto, formata e costituita da valori spirituali, etici, soggettivamente consapevoli e inderogabili unita al valore insostituibile della vita della persona umana si colloca alla base del rifiuto di obbedire a un ordine, a una prescrizione giuridica ritenuta fortemente contrastante con la propria scelta. In diversi settori ed attività umane vi sono persone sottoposte a situazioni che vanno a determinare conflitti con la propria coscienza e spingono ad agire in conformità al diritto suggerito dalla coscienza stessa nell’esercizio della libertà dalla coercizione contro la propria coscienza. Il conflitto che maggiormente rappresenta l’essenza di scelte interiori e  coinvolge la coscienza riguarda il giuramento che l’individuo è tenuto a prestare in specifiche circostanze previste dalla legge. L’oggetto di questa elaborazione è l’analisi dell’obiezione al giuramento nelle sentenze e nelle ordinanze della Corte costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana. La Corte ha giudicato la legittimità costituzionale del dovere del testimone di prestare giuramento nel processo civile quanto in quello penale. La Corte costituzionale ha dichiarato che la formula del giuramento deve essere modificata a causa dell’obiezione di coscienza di coloro i quali intendono negare il riferimento a Dio, sostituendola con un impegno a dire tutta la verità senza riferimenti religiosi.
Il ‘gioco’ interculturale tra lingua e linguaggio ne La Lupa di Verga e in Bodas de sangre di Lorca
Authors: Machel Dominika
Published: November 2021

In questo saggio tratteremo la visione del mondo rurale, nonché le sfumature della lingua, delle intrusioni dialettali e del linguaggio colloquiale contadino rappresentati in due opere teatrali: La Lupa del drammaturgo siciliano Giovanni Verga e Bodas de sangre del tragediografo andaluso Federico García Lorca, esaminando anche gli aspetti macro e microstrutturali dei testi.L’Italia e la Spagna sono paesi vicini a livello geografico e socio-culturale  geograficamente e socio-culturalmente, legati alla storia del Mar Mediterraneo e  dalla comune matrice linguistica latina. María de las Nieves Muñiz Muñiz riporta che “all’Italia e alla Spagna, parimenti arretrate e solari, anche se diversamente ‘antiche’, toccò il ruolo di serbatoio di miti, leggende e cultura popolare del Mediterraneo”.
SCHOLARSHIPS AS A MEANS OF CULTURE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Dorochowicz Marcin
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the work is to examine how local government units can support culture by awarding scholarships. The decision-making bodies of these units have a wide range of freedom in regulating the conditions and procedures for granting scholarships. However, the resolutions they issue must be precise and comprehensive and regulate the amount of the scholarship.
Rousseau y Kant frente al problema del carácter vinculante de las normas Derecho de gentes
Authors: Beade Ileana
Published: November 2021

En sus respectivos proyectos para la consolidación del Derecho de gentes, Rousseau y Kant abordan la cuestión referida al carácter vinculante de las normas jurídicas internacionales. Mientras Rousseau sostiene que, a fin garantizar la eficacia de tales normas, sería necesario constituir un poder coactivo supranacional autorizado para obligar a los Estados europeos a integrar la confederación, a permanecer en ella y a imponer sanciones coercitivas a aquellos que incumplan las normas establecidas, Kant considera que semejante poder amenazaría la soberanía de los Estados, y se inclina por una confederación de Estados libres, no sujetos a un poder coactivo común. En este trabajo se examinarán las premisas bajo las cuales los autores abordan este importante problema, premisas a partir de las cuales cabe explicar la posición que cada uno de ellos asume ante el problema de la regulación jurídica de las relaciones internacionales.
Arquitectura de la política externa brasileña: autonomistas, globalistas y americanistas en Itamaraty
Authors: Sebastián Crescentino Diego , Caballero Sergio
Published: November 2021

La revisión histórica de la política exterior brasileña se encuentra en un debate constante, que desvela la brecha entre las aspiraciones de desarrollo de un actor del Sur y sus obstáculos para insertarse en el Norte. Inmerso en esta discusión, este artículo analiza las narrativas que impregnan a toda la acción exterior brasileña y enmarcan los rasgos definitorios de Itamaraty, procurando arrojar luz sobre las ideas que nutren su pensamiento político en la actualidad. Primero, esboza las dos corrientes ideacionales que se disputaron la toma de decisiones en política exterior (autonomistas y americanistas) hasta 1990, y la aparición de una tercera corriente: los institucionalistas pragmáticos. Después, analiza el paulatino ascenso de la legitimidad internacional de Brasil a partir de una política exterior de prestigio. Por último, examina el declive de la política exterior brasileña desde 2014. Este artículo pretende colaborar, así, con la caracterización sistemática de las escuelas de pensamiento de Itamaraty, trazando algunas de las narrativas que impregnan la identidad internacional de Brasil.
Ética, creatividad e imaginación: elementos esenciales para la construcción de culturas de paz
Authors: García-González Dora Elvira
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se postulan tres elementos que se consideran fundamentales para la construcción de culturas de paz desde una convivencia con dignidad y en marcos justos. La ética, la creatividad y la imaginación en conjunción dan pie para encarar y desafiar las variadas situaciones de violencia que se presentan en los constructos sociales, en tanto son realidades que entrañan graves oprobios para la humanidad. Pensar en un mundo más humano será posible solo si estamos en él activamente desde postulados éticos y mediante procedimientos que exigen creatividad e imaginación que se franquean en diversas situaciones tales como la escucha y el diálogo, al implicar respeto mutuo. Imaginarse en el lugar de los otros como categoría ética y al articularse con formas creativas permite aspirar a situaciones otras y diversas a las vividas, para lograr con ello, la construcción de la paz.
Creatividad en sociedades contemporáneas. La estrategia de las artes inclusivas en estrategias de construcción
Authors: Muñoz Bellerin Manuel , Cordero Ramos Nuria
Published: November 2021

En las sociedades actuales existen conflictos que originan una violencia directa en una parte considerable de la ciudadanía. El sinhogarismo es un ejemplo del encubrimiento de una paz social que no es real en cuanto que afecta a quienes no tienen las mínimas garantías socioeconómicas para vivir con dignidad. En este artículo, los autores hacen una reflexión sobre algunas cuestiones relacionadas con este tipo de problemas que permanecen ahogando una auténtica participación y, por ende, la posibilidad de una convivencia democrática más real. Una propuesta de afrontar este tipo de contextos es el arte enfocado como espacio de participación a partir de las experiencias de los participantes. En este caso de aquellos que no tienen las mismas oportunidades de contar cómo sienten lo que les acontece. Concretamente, se expone la metodología del teatro mediando una realidad desde la representación de los cuerpos en calidad de creatividad generadora de interpretaciones diversas y diferentes.
Efectos jurídicos de la resistencia social a la legislación de asilo y refugio: el movimiento Sanctuary y la enmienda Boland
Authors: Martínez Peñas Leandro
Published: November 2021

La crisis migratoria desatada por el conflicto nicaragüense durante la presidencia Reagan tuvo importantes consecuencias sociales, con el movimiento Sanctuary, y legales, con la aprobación de la Enmienda Boland, que llevaría al escándalo Irán-Contra.
Container Transportation Scheduling Between Port Yards and the Hinterland in Yunfeng
Authors: Zhen Lu , Lv Wenya , Tan Zheyi , Dong Bin
Published: November 2021

This paper introduces a container transportation scheduling problem in a large logistic company (Yunfeng) in Shanghai City, PR China. This problem considers two types of container transportation orders (i.e., door-to-door orders and warehouse orders) between port yards and the hinterland. Unlike the pickup and delivery problem with time windows, this problem needs to consider not only container pickups and deliveries, but also the loading or unloading of cargo inside containers. Moreover, this problem takes account of some constraints on container transportation regulations in China. We formulate this problem as a mixed-integer programming model and design an improved backtracking search optimization algorithm. Based on the proposed model and algorithm, a vehicle scheduling decision support system is also developed to integrate data collection, preprocessing, Amap (a digital map, navigation, and location service provider in China) interfacing, and optimization. The improvement of the operational efficiency is validated by the usage of the proposed system in practice.
A Randomly Weighted Minimum Arborescence with a Random Cost Constraint
Authors: Frieze Alan M. , Tkocz Tomasz
Published: November 2021

We study the minimum spanning arborescence problem on the complete digraph [Formula: see text], where an edge e has a weight We and a cost Ce, each of which is an independent uniform random variable Us, where [Formula: see text] and U is uniform [Formula: see text]. There is also a constraint that the spanning arborescence T must satisfy [Formula: see text]. We establish, for a range of values for [Formula: see text], the asymptotic value of the optimum weight via the consideration of a dual problem.
Are there any Differences between the Shoulder-Arm Sling and Figure-of-Eight Bandage in the Conservative Treatment of Paediatric Clavicle Fractures?
Authors: Sisman Ali , Poyraz Caner , Cicek Ali Can , Kor Suleyman , Cullu Emre
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Clavicle fractures are treated conservatively in the paediatric age group, except in rare types of fractures. We investigated whether there was a difference between using shoulder-arm sling and figure-of-eight bandage in this age group.

Methods

This study was designed as a retrospective study. In all, 41 children among 53 who underwent conservative treatment with a shoulder-arm sling or figure-of-eight bandage between 2014 and 2019 were included in the study and divided into two groups. Treatment results were compared clinically with respect to pain intensity, muscle strength and radiological examinations.

Results

Group A comprised 20 children with a figure-of-eight bandage and group B comprised 21 children with shoulder sling. According to the Robinson classification, ten fractures were displaced in group A and 12 in group B (p = 0.647). The mean time until the first appointment after the index visit that started the management course was 25.5 days (21 to 31) in group A and 24 days (20 to 30) in group B (p = 0.129). Fracture healing was observed in all patients at the first follow-up and the treatment was discontinued. There was no difference between the groups in the muscle strength examination and shoulder joint range of movement examination at the first-year follow-up (p = 1.00).

Conclusion

In the paediatric age group, there was no significant difference between shoulder-arm sling and figure-of-eight bandage in the conservative treatment of clavicle fractures. Since the shoulder-arm sling is more suitable for treatment, it may be the primary preference.

Level of Evidence

Level III (retrospective comparative study)
Thread Embedding Acupuncture and Complex Korean Medicine Treatment for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Degenerative Scoliosis: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Park Yu-Kyeong , Lee Jung Hee , Kim Jae Soo , Lee Yun Kyu , Lee Hyun-Jong
Published: November 2021

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative spinal condition that can have unpredictable improvement and worsening of symptoms which include low back pain, radiating pain, claudication, and degenerative lumbar scoliosis affecting quality of life. In this study, thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) was used as a conservative treatment for LSS in combination with complex Korean medicine treatments (acupuncture, herbal medicines, and physical therapy). The treatment was evaluated using the numerical rating scale, walking distance and duration, and inclination of radiological lumbar scoliosis according to antalgic posture. TEA was performed 27 times between June 8, 2020, and March 16, 2021. The patient showed improvement in numerical rating scale score from 7 to 2, pain-free walking distance from 10 m to 900 m, and scoliosis inclination following treatment. The findings of this study suggest that TEA may be helpful in the treatment of LSS.
Leg Amputation due to Buerger’s Disease: Management with Combined Korean Medicine
Authors: Won Eun Sol , Lee Hyun , Ryu Hwa Yeon , Ku Yong Ho , Jung Ga Hyeon , Park Chae Hyun , Kang Jae Hui
Published: November 2021

In this Case Report, a patient with Buerger’s disease who had a leg amputation below his lower right knee and a vascular bypass of right leg, developed a wound caused by his prosthetic leg and subjective discomfort. The patient received skin flap surgery but the wound did not heal properly. He was admitted to the Korean Medicine Hospital where his wound, right leg coldness, and phantom pain were treated with combined Korean medicine. The patient was hospitalized again where he underwent micro-drilling surgery. The patient was re-admitted to the Korean Medicine Hospital where he received combined Korean medicine treatment (CKMT) and carbon arc light treatment (CALT) for his wound, leg coldness, stiffness, and hypoplasia. The temperature of his right leg increased, the numeric rating scale score for assessing pain fell from 5 to 1.5, and subjective discomfort was reduced (< 20%) suggesting this may be an effective treatment.
Spatial and Temporal Electrodynamics in Acuzones: Test-Induced Kinematics and Synchronous Structuring. Phenomenological Study
Authors: Babich Yuri F. , Babich Andrey Y.
Published: November 2021

Background: So far there is no confidence in the basics of acupoint/meridian phenomena, specifically in spatial and temporal electrical manifestations in the skin.Methods: Using the skin electrodynamic introscopy, the skin areas of 32 × 64 mm2 were monitored for spectral electrical impedance landscape with spatial resolution of 1 mm, at 2 kHz and 1 MHz frequencies. The detailed baseline and 2D test-induced 2 kHz-impedance phase dynamics and the 4-parameter time plots of dozens of individual points in the St32-34 regions were examined in a healthy participant and a patient with mild gastritis. Non-thermal stimuli were used: (1) (for the sick subject), microwaves and ultraviolet radiation applied alternately from opposite directions of the meridian; and (2) (for the healthy one) microwaves to St17, and cathodic/anodic stimulation of the outermost St45, alternately.Results: In both cases, the following phenomena have been observed: emergence of in-phase and/or antiphase coherent structures, exceeding the acupoint conditional size of 1 cm; collective movement along the meridian; reversible with a reversed stimulus; counter-directional dynamics of both whole structures and adjacent points; local abnormalities in sensitivity and dynamics of the 1 MHz and 2 kHz parameters indicating existence of different waveguide paths.Conclusion: It is assumed that these findings necessitate reconsideration of some basic methodological issues regarding neurogenic/acupuncture points as spatial and temporal phenomena; this requires development of an appropriate approach for identifying the acuzones patterns. These findings may be used for developing new approaches to personalized/controlled therapy/treatment.
Analysis of Clinical Research Trends for Acupotomy Treatment of Peripheral Facial Palsy
Authors: Jeon Seok Hee , Choi Ji Min , Yoo Jae Hee , Shin Jeong Cheol
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this review was to investigate acupotomy treatment for peripheral facial palsy. By reviewing recent clinical trends, this may contribute to standardizing acupotomy treatment methods. There were 7 randomized controlled trials and 6 case series using acupotomy treatment for peripheral facial palsy published between January 01, 2014 and April 05, 2021, which were retrieved from 9 online databases. The number and characteristics of participants, main treatment sites, combination treatments, size of acupotomy needle, frequency and total period of treatment, evaluation indices, efficacy, and adverse events were analyzed. “Tender point or induration,” “infraorbical foramen,” and “buccal mucosa” were the most used treatment sites. The sizes of acupotomy needles varied from 20 mm to 80 mm in length, and 0.35 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter. One treatment cycle was performed every 3 to 5-7 days, and the number of treatments per treatment session ranged from 3 to 5-9 cycles. The results were evaluated using 1 to 4 evaluation indices and 9 different evaluation indices were used overall. The efficacy rate was the most used index, followed by the House-Brackmann grade, and electrocardiography. The “Risk of Bias 2,” categorized most studies as having “some concerns.” There were few adverse events reported.
Widely tunable long-wave infrared difference frequency generation with a BaGa4Se7 crystal
Authors: Liu Pengxiang , Li Wei , Qi Feng , Guo Liyuan , Li Weifan , Fu Qiaoqiao , Niu Chuncao , Xia Mingjun , Yao Jiyong
Published: November 2021

We report an experimental study of long-wave infrared difference frequency generation based on

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crystal. The sources of two input wavelengths were the fundamental output of a Nd:YAG laser and its second-harmonic pumped

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optical parametric oscillator. A wide tuning range of 7.9–17.5 µm (

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octave) was achieved, which reached the upper limit of the

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transparency region. The spectra and pulse widths, input–output relationship, beam profile, wavelength tolerance, and angular acceptance of the phase-matching were characterized in detail. This presented coherent source can potentially be applied in multiple gas analyses and spectral imaging.
Potential of spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar for global ocean optical profiling
Authors: Yuan Dapeng , Chen Peng , Mao Zhihua , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: November 2021

The potential of spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar for generating global ocean optical profiles was studied herein. We analyzed the global distributions of the maximum detectable depths and corresponding optimum wavelengths for spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar during the day and night, simulated the global vertical profile distributions of the seawater sound speed and Brillouin scattering frequency shift, and discussed the effects of the system parameters and water environment parameters in Case II water on the lidar detection performance and proportion of Brillouin scattering lidar penetrating the upper mixed layer on the global scale. The laser emission wavelength of 490 nm is suitable for detecting open ocean waters, and 540 nm is suitable for detecting coastal waters. The detection depth of the Brillouin scattering lidar operating at night is approximately 10 m greater than that during the day. The vertical profile distributions of the seawater sound and the Brillouin scattering frequency shift decrease as the depth increases from 0 to 200 m in the mid-low latitude regions. The proportions of spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar penetrating the upper mixed layer in January-February-March, April-May-June, July-August-September, and October-November-December are 75.15%, 76.80%, 59.12%, and 73.10%, respectively. The results indicate that spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar has great potential for the wide-range and long-term monitoring of upper-ocean water bodies, which would be a good complement to passive satellite ocean color remote sensing technology and the traditional measurement methods of Argo floats, gliders, XBT, and AUV.
Mechanism of scattering bistable light valves based on salt-doped cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Lin Kuan-Wu , Tseng Heng-Yi , Chang Li-Min , Li Cheng-Chang , Wang Chun-Ta , Lin Tsung-Hsien
Published: November 2021

Bistable technology has played a vital role in the development of optical elements. Bistable technology enables zero power consumption unless the optical state needs to be changed. Salt-doped cholesteric liquid crystals (SDCLCs) have been implemented as light valves. However, the orientation mechanism of SDCLCs under different operating conditions has not been elucidated in detail. Herein, the disturbance and relaxation of SDCLCs were comprehensively investigated based on the interactions between the electrohydrodynamic and dielectric effects under different voltages, frequencies, and cell gaps. By controlling the balance between the electrohydrodynamic and dielectric effects, the bistable optical performance of SDCLC devices can be optimized for practical applications.
Plasmonic loss-mitigating broadband adiabatic polarizing beam splitter
Authors: Yang Guang , Sergienko Alexander V. , Ndao Abdoulaye
Published: November 2021

The intriguing analogy between quantum physics and optics has inspired the design of unconventional integrated photonics devices. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a broadband integrated polarization beam splitter (PBS) by implementing the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique in a three-waveguide plasmonic system. Our proposed PBS exhibits >250 nm transverse-magnetic (TM) bandwidth with <−40 dB extinction and >150 nm transverse-electric (TE) bandwidth with <−20 dB extinction, covering the entire S-, C-, and L-bands and part of the E-band. Moreover, near-lossless light transfer is achieved in our system despite the incorporation of a plasmonic hybrid waveguide because of the unique loss mitigating feature of the STIRAP scheme. Through this approach, various broadband integrated devices that were previously impossible can be realized, which will allow innovation in integrated optics.
Selective excitation of four-wave mixing by helicity in gated graphene
Authors: Huang Di , Jiang Tao , Yi Yangfan , Shan Yuwei , Li Yingguo , Zhang Zhihong , Liu Kaihui , Liu Wei-Tao , Wu Shiwei
Published: November 2021

Gapless Dirac fermions in monolayer graphene give rise to an abundance of peculiar physical properties, including exceptional broadband nonlinear optical responses. By tuning the chemical potential, stacking order, and photonic structures, the effective modulation of nonlinear optical phenomena in graphene has been demonstrated in recent years. Here, we demonstrate that optical helicity can be used as an extra tuning knob for four-wave mixing in gated graphene. Our results reveal the helicity selection rule for four-wave mixing in monolayer graphene, revealing nearly perfect circular polarization. Corresponding theoretical interpretations of the helicity selection rule that are also applicable to other nonlinear optical processes and materials are presented.
Suppression of gap plasmon resonance for high-responsivity metal–insulator–metal near-infrared hot-electron photodetectors
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Li Fen , Wu Hailin , Liu Wenjie
Published: November 2021

Binary metal layers composed of a grating and a thin film are designed for high-responsivity metal–insulator–metal (MIM) near-infrared hot-electron photodetectors (HEPDs). The binary metal grating structure HEPDs demonstrate a strong asymmetrical optical absorption and result in a high current responsivity. In our devices, the top and bottom absorption ratio is as high as 76:1, much higher than that in the traditional grating structure HEPDs. The maximum zero-biased responsivity is 0.585 mA/W at 1550 nm by employing a five-step electrical model, which is 3.42 times that of the traditional silver grating structure devices. Simply changing the grating period enables spectrally selective photodetection covering a wide range of 500 nm at the near-infrared band with net absorption higher than 0.95 and linewidths narrower than 0.7 meV.
Bijective-constrained cycle-consistent deep learning for optics-free imaging and classification
Authors: Nelson Soren , Menon Rajesh
Published: November 2021

Many deep learning approaches to solve computational imaging problems
have proven successful through relying solely on the data. However,
when applied to the raw output of a bare (optics-free) image sensor,
these methods fail to reconstruct target images that are structurally
diverse. In this work we propose a self-consistent supervised model
that learns not only the inverse, but also the forward model to better
constrain the predictions through encouraging the network to model the
ideal bijective imaging system. To do this, we employ cycle
consistency alongside traditional reconstruction losses, both of which
we show are needed for incoherent optics-free image reconstruction. By
eliminating all optics, we demonstrate imaging with the thinnest
camera possible.
Homeostatic scaling is driven by a translation-dependent degradation axis that recruits miRISC remodeling
Authors: Srinivasan Balakumar , Samaddar Sarbani , Mylavarapu Sivaram V. S. , Clement James P. , Banerjee Sourav
Published: November 2021

Homeostatic scaling in neurons has been attributed to the individual contribution of either translation or degradation; however, there remains limited insight toward understanding how the interplay between the two processes effectuates synaptic homeostasis. Here, we report that a codependence between protein synthesis and degradation mechanisms drives synaptic homeostasis, whereas abrogation of either prevents it. Coordination between the two processes is achieved through the formation of a tripartite complex between translation regulators, the 26S proteasome, and the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) components such as Argonaute, MOV10, and Trim32 on actively translating transcripts or polysomes. The components of this ternary complex directly interact with each other in an RNA-dependent manner. Disruption of polysomes abolishes this ternary interaction, suggesting that translating RNAs facilitate the combinatorial action of the proteasome and the translational apparatus. We identify that synaptic downscaling involves miRISC remodeling, which entails the mTORC1-dependent translation of Trim32, an E3 ligase, and the subsequent degradation of its target, MOV10 via the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. We find that the E3 ligase Trim32 specifically polyubiquitinates MOV10 for its degradation during synaptic downscaling. MOV10 degradation alone is sufficient to invoke downscaling by enhancing Arc translation through its 3′ UTR and causing the subsequent removal of postsynaptic AMPA receptors. Synaptic scaling was occluded when we depleted Trim32 and overexpressed MOV10 in neurons, suggesting that the Trim32-MOV10 axis is necessary for synaptic downscaling. We propose a mechanism that exploits a translation-driven protein degradation paradigm to invoke miRISC remodeling and induce homeostatic scaling during chronic network activity.
External validation of the PAR-Risk Score to assess potentially avoidable hospital readmission risk in internal medicine patients
Authors: Higi Lukas , Lisibach Angela , Beeler Patrick E. , Lutters Monika , Blanc Anne-Laure , Burden Andrea M. , Stämpfli Dominik
Published: November 2021

Background

Readmission prediction models have been developed and validated for targeted in-hospital preventive interventions. We aimed to externally validate the Potentially Avoidable Readmission-Risk Score (PAR-Risk Score), a 12-items prediction model for internal medicine patients with a convenient scoring system, for our local patient cohort.

Methods

A cohort study using electronic health record data from the internal medicine ward of a Swiss tertiary teaching hospital was conducted. The individual PAR-Risk Score values were calculated for each patient. Univariable logistic regression was used to predict potentially avoidable readmissions (PARs), as identified by the SQLape algorithm. For additional analyses, patients were stratified intolow,medium, andhighrisk according to tertiles based on the PAR-Risk Score. Statistical associations between predictor variables and PAR as outcome were assessed using both univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The final dataset consisted of 5,985 patients. Of these, 340 patients (5.7%) experienced a PAR. The overall PAR-Risk Score showed rather poor discriminatory power (C statistic 0.605, 95%-CI 0.575–0.635). When using stratified groups (low,medium,high), patients in thehigh-risk group were at statistically significant higher odds (OR 2.63, 95%-CI 1.33–5.18) of being readmitted within 30 days compared tolowrisk patients. Multivariable logistic regression identified previous admission within six months, anaemia, heart failure, and opioids to be significantly associated with PAR in this patient cohort.

Conclusion

This external validation showed a limited overall performance of the PAR-Risk Score, although higher scores were associated with an increased risk for PAR and patients in thehigh-risk group were at significantly higher odds of being readmitted within 30 days. This study highlights the importance of externally validating prediction models.
Demonstrating the processes and outcomes of a rural Community Mental Health Rehabilitation Service: A realist evaluation
Authors: Leet A. , Dennis S. , Muller J. , Walsh S. , Bowen-Salter H. , Kernot J.
Published: November 2021

Background

As part of significant mental health reform, the Community Mental Health Rehabilitation Service (CMHRS) was implemented in rural South Australia. The CMHRS is a 10-bed mental health residential program offering rehabilitative mental health support to rural residents.

Aim

To analyse the CMHRS service delivery model and its impact on recovery outcomes for consumers.

Methods

A mixed method, realist evaluation approach was utilised. A purposive sample of CMHRS staff (n = 6) and consumers (n = 8) were recruited. Consumer recovery was measured using the RAS-DS (on admission and discharge). Participants’ perspectives of the service were gained via one staff focus group (n = 6) and individual semi-structured interviews (consumers n = 6; staff n = 2). Pre-post RAS-DS scores were analysed using paired t-tests/Wilcoxon paired-signed rank test, with qualitative data analysed thematically.

Results

Significant positive increases in RAS-DS total scores were observed at discharge, supported by the qualitative themes of (re)building relationships and social connections and recovering health and wellbeing. Contextual factors (e.g. staffing) and program mechanisms (e.g. scheduling) impacting on service implementation were identified.

Conclusion

Maintaining a rehabilitation recovery-focused approach, balanced with an appropriately trained multi-disciplinary team, are vital for maximising positive consumer outcomes.

Significance

This realist evaluation identifies critical factors impacting rural mental health rehabilitation service delivery.
Artificial intelligence in orthopaedics: A scoping review
Authors: Federer Simon J. , Jones Gareth G.
Published: November 2021

There is a growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to orthopaedic surgery. This review aims to identify and characterise research in this field, in order to understand the extent, range and nature of this work, and act as springboard to stimulate future studies. A scoping review, a form of structured evidence synthesis, was conducted to summarise the use of AI in orthopaedics. A literature search (1946–2019) identified 222 studies eligible for inclusion. These studies were predominantly small and retrospective. There has been significant growth in the number of papers published in the last three years, mainly from the USA (37%). The majority of research used AI for image interpretation (45%) or as a clinical decision tool (25%). Spine (43%), knee (23%) and hip (14%) were the regions of the body most commonly studied. The application of artificial intelligence to orthopaedics is growing. However, the scope of its use so far remains limited, both in terms of its possible clinical applications, and the sub-specialty areas of the body which have been studied. A standardized method of reporting AI studies would allow direct assessment and comparison. Prospective studies are required to validate AI tools for clinical use.
‘Becoming the song’: Alice Parker, community singing and unlearning choral strictures
Authors: Palkki Joshua
Published: November 2021

This article conveys research about participatory community singing that I explore through various lenses. I present thoughts and reflections from my interview with Alice Parker, who has many years of experience leading community singing events as well as ethnographic data collected from a monthly community singing event in the American Midwest. I analyse these data through the lens of a ‘traditional’ choral conductor who, prior to undertaking this investigation, had little knowledge about participatory singing traditions; I also utilize scholarship on the differences between participatory and presentational music activities. In our interview, Ms Parker drew on many years of experience in both areas to provide touchstones for facilitating community singing events and also the differences between these events and more traditional choral settings. Perhaps in reflecting on this dichotomy, facilitators of these two important forms of music making might learn from one another.
ENDPOINTS FOR PRE-DEMENTIA AD TRIALS: A REPORT FROM THE EU/US/CTAD TASK FORCE
Authors: Vellas B. , Bateman R. , Blennow K. , Frisoni G. , Johnson K. , Katz R. , Langbaum J. , Marson D. , Sperling R. , Wessels A. , Salloway S. , Doody R. , Aisen P.
Published: November 2021

For Alzheimer’s disease treatment trials that focus on the pre-dementia stage of disease, outcome measures are needed that will enable assessment of disease progression in patients who are clinically normal. The EU/US CTAD Task Force, an international collaboration of investigators from industry, academia, non-profit foundations, and regulatory agencies, met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, on November 19, 2014 to discuss existing and novel outcome assessments that may be useful in pre-dementia trials. Composite measures that assess changes in episodic memory, executive function, global cognition, and global function have recently been developed by a number of groups and appear to be sensitive at this stage. Functional measures that involve real-life complex tasks also appear to capture early subtle changes in pre-dementia subjects and have the advantage of representing clinically meaningful change. Patient reported outcomes and novel CSF and imaging biomarkers have also shown promise. More studies are needed to validate all of these tests in the pre-dementia population. Many of them have been incorporated as exploratory measures in ongoing or planned trials.
Sixteen years of ‘Cinema in progress’: Exploring Cinema en curs’s holistic approaches to film education in conversation with Núria Aidelman and Laia Colell
Authors: Chambers Jamie
Published: November 2021

Established in Catalonia in 2005, Cinema en curs is now one of the most significant film education projects worldwide. This article places selections from interviews conducted in early 2021 with project founders and directors Núria Aidelman and Laia Colell within a critical context drawing upon international considerations of film education, including previous explorations of Cinema en curs. Discussion is separated into two distinct yet interconnecting sections: first upon the institutional and media-ecological contexts in which Cinema en curs takes place (and the complex considerations informing the project’s shape and manner of delivery that arise from these contexts); and, second, upon the different cultural, aesthetic and political priorities that inform the project’s approach to methodology and pedagogy.
Cross-media, co-creative and current: New strategies for educating talent for Danish children’s film and television in the 2020s
Authors: Redvall Eva Novrup
Published: November 2021

This article analyses recent developments in Danish film and television education through a case study of a new training initiative for creating content for children and young audiences. Following an outline of traditional training and career trajectories in the Danish screen industries in general, and for working with children’s film and television specifically, the case study investigates the guiding ideas behind Manuskriptskolen for børnefiktion (‘The Cross-Media School of Children’s Fiction’), which was established in 2020. The school marks a new approach to Danish film education in several ways. First, by creating a training ground focusing on a specific audience, rather than on screenwriting or film-making more generally. Second, by thinking of content for this audience as fundamentally multi-platform and teaching students storytelling across different media from the outset. Third, by insisting that creating content for this audience calls for having knowledge about the current lives of young people and their media use, and encouraging strategies for engaging or even co-creating content with them. The article builds on qualitative interviews, document analysis and observations at industry events as part of the research project Reaching Young Audiences: Serial Fiction and Cross-Media Storyworlds for Children and Young Audiences.