bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Effective Incentive Design to Reduce Food Waste: A Natural Experiment of Policy Change from Community Based Charge to RFID Based Weight Charge
Authors: Lee Sabinne , Jung Kwangho
Published: November 2017

This research explores the impact of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Household-Based Food Waste Charging System (RHWC) on the reduction of food waste in Mapo-Gu district located in Seoul city from June 2013 to July 2016. Through comparing the amount of food waste disposal between 12 apartment complexes with the RHWC policy (treatment group) and 61 apartment complexes (control group) without the policy, we attempt to identify whether the RHWC can contribute in reducing food waste. In June 2013, all these apartment complexes adopted an apartment complex unit-based food-waste system (i.e., Community-Based Waste Charging system-CWC), but, in January 2016, the 12 apartment complexes introduced the RHWC policy, while the other 61 apartment complexes kept the CWC policy. This natural experiment setting allows us to compare the difference in the quantity of food waste disposal between these two payment policies. The RHWC uses a weight based payment design, through which each household is electronically charged for the weight of food waste they disposes, while the CWC uses a group incentive system where residents pay the same price by dividing total amount of waste charge by total number of household in apartment complex. We, relying on propensity score matching and Difference-In-Difference (PSM-DID) methodology, found a significant difference in the amount of food waste disposal between these two payment systems. Our empirical finding shows that the RHWC deign can reduce more food waste than the CWC design. This study suggests that municipalities can reduce food waste through redesigning incentive mechanism in which it is able to reduce free riding by electronically identifying and monitoring how much residents throw out thanks to RFID technology.
Sustainable Water Management in the Tourism Economy: Linking the Mediterranean’s Traditional Rainwater Cisterns to Modern Needs
Authors: Enriquez Jared , Tipping David , Lee Jung-Ju , Vijay Abhinav , Kenny Laura , Chen Susan , Mainas Nikolaos , Holst-Warhaft Gail , Steenhuis Tammo
Published: November 2017

Communities on islands with mass-tourism, like Santorini, rely on vast quantities of water to develop the local economy. Today’s inhabitants of Santorini have largely abandoned the traditional cisterns that were used to sustain the island’s pre-modern civilizations in favor of water obtained from desalinization, ship deliveries, and well withdrawals. In June 2016, Cornell University researchers worked with the Water and Sewage Authority of Thera (DEYATH) to assess the viability of improving sustainability and water efficiency by restoring traditional rainwater harvesting and storage cisterns. The team surveyed five cisterns, held meetings with water authority staff and mayoral leadership, conducted interviews with local tourism stakeholders, and coordinated with Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean. One conclusion was that cisterns could be rehabilitated as decentralized storage reservoirs and integrated into the island’s centralized water systems, or alternatively, serve as educational and cultural spaces used to communicate the importance of water to residents and tourists. The research findings highlight how multi-stakeholder partnerships could assist local authorities with developing new water management initiatives to foster more sustainable models of tourism development.
Simulating the Effects of Agricultural Management on Water Quality Dynamics in Rice Paddies for Sustainable Rice Production—Model Development and Validation
Authors: Choi Soon-Kun , Jeong Jaehak , Kim Min-Kyeong
Published: November 2017

The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model is widely used for evaluating agricultural conservation efforts and their effects on soil and water. A key component of APEX application in Korea is simulating the water quality impacts of rice paddies because rice agriculture claims the largest cropland area in the country. In this study, a computational module called APEX-Paddy (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Korea) is developed to simulate water quality with considering pertinent paddy management practices, such as puddling and flood irrigation management. Data collected at two experimental paddy sites in Korea were used to calibrate and validate the model. Results indicate that APEX-Paddy performs well in predicting runoff discharge rate and nitrogen yield while the original APEX highly overestimates runoff rates and nitrogen yields on large storm events. With APEX-Paddy, simulated and observed flow and mineral nitrogen yield (QN) are found to be highly correlated after calibration (Nash & Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0.87 and Percent Bias (PBIAS) = −14.6% for flow; NSE = 0.68 and PBIAS = 2.1% for QN). Consequently, the APEX-Paddy showed a greater accuracy in flow and QN prediction than the original APEX modeling practice using the SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number) method.
Unravelling the Relative Contribution of Dissolved Carbon by the Red River to the Atchafalaya River
Authors: Xu Y. Jun , DelDuco Emily Marie
Published: November 2017

The Atchafalaya River (AR), North America’s largest swamp river, annually discharges a large volume of freshwater (nearly 200 km3), delivering ~25% of the Mississippi River’s (MR) flow and the entire Red River’s (RR) flow into the Gulf of Mexico. Studies have reported higher levels of organic carbon in the AR’s outlets compared to the MR’s outlet, raising questions about local carbon sources. In this study, we investigated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inputs into the AR from the RR and MR using DOC and DIC concentrations, mass loading, and isotopic signature (δ13C) analyses. Monthly river water sampling was conducted in the MR and RR near their confluence where the AR is formed from May 2015–May 2016. DIC concentrations in the RR were found to be only half of those found in the MR, while the RR’s DOC concentrations were on average 1.8 times higher than those found in the MR. Based on the models developed for this study period, the RR’s contribution to DIC mass loading in the AR represented 1.41 teragrams (Tg) (or, 29.7%) of the total 4.76 Tg DIC transported by both tributaries, while its contribution to DOC mass loading was disproportionately high, accounting for 1.74 Tg of the 2.75 Tg DOC (or, 63.2% of total DOC) entering the AR. Both δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC showed significantly more negative values in the RR than those found in the MR. Significant correlation between δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC isotope values in the RR indicated interrelation of dissolved carbon processing, which was not observable in the MR. These results strongly suggest that the RR is an extremely significant source of DOC to the AR, and thus the Gulf of Mexico, and additionally plays an important role in diluting the anthropogenically enhanced DIC fluxes of the MR.
Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves
Authors: Hagedorn Oliver , Fleute-Schlachter Ingo , Mainx Hans Georg , Zeisler-Diehl Viktoria , Koch Kerstin
Published: November 2017

This study performed with soybean (Glycine max L.), one of the most important crops for human and animal nutrition, demonstrates that changes in the leaf surface structure can increase the adhesion of applied droplets, even on superhydrophobic leaves, to reduce undesirable soil contamination by roll-off of agrochemical formulations from the plant surfaces. The wettability and morphology of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaf surfaces before and after treatment with six different surfactants (Agnique® SBO10 and five variations of nonionic surfactants) have been investigated. The leaf surface structures show a hierarchical organization, built up by convex epidermal cells (microstructure) and superimposed epicuticular platelet-shaped wax crystals (micro- to nanostructure). Chemical analysis of the epicuticular wax showed that 1-triacontanol (C30H61OH) is the main wax component of the soybean leaf surfaces. A water contact angle (CA) of 162.4° (σ = 3.6°) and tilting angle (TA) of 20.9° (σ = 10.0°) were found. Adherence of pure water droplets on the superhydrophobic leaves is supported by the hydrophilic hairs on the leaves. Agnique® SBO10 and the nonionic surfactant XP ED 75 increased the droplet adhesion and caused an increase of the TA from 20.9° to 85° and 90°, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that surfactants with a hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value below 10 caused a size reduction of the epicuticular wax structures and a change from Cassie–Baxter wetting to an intermediate wetting regime with an increase of droplet adhesion.
Structure–property relationships and third-order nonlinearities in diketopyrrolopyrrole based D–π–A–π–D molecules
Authors: Podlesný Jan , Dokládalová Lenka , Pytela Oldřich , Urbanec Adam , Klikar Milan , Almonasy Numan , Mikysek Tomáš , Jedryka Jaroslav , Kityk Iwan V , Bureš Filip
Published: November 2017

Nine new quadrupolar chromophores based on diketopyrrolopyrrole were designed and prepared by cross-coupling reactions. The property tuning has been achieved by structural variation of the peripheral substituents (donor) and enlargement of the π-system. Fundamental properties of target molecules were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, electrochemistry, and absorption and emission spectra. Nonlinear optical properties were studied by measuring the third harmonic generation. The experimental data were completed by quantum-chemical calculations and structure–property relationships were elucidated.
Evidence for a Time Lag in Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Authors: Tomassetti Nicola , Orcinha Miguel , Barão Fernando , Bertucci Bruna
Published: November 2017

The solar modulation effect of cosmic rays in the heliosphere is an energy-, time-, and particle-dependent phenomenon that arises from a combination of basic particle transport processes such as diffusion, convection, adiabatic cooling, and drift motion. Making use of a large collection of time-resolved cosmic-ray data from recent space missions, we construct a simple predictive model of solar modulation that depends on direct solar-physics inputs: the number of solar sunspots and the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet. Under this framework, we present calculations of cosmic-ray proton spectra, positron/electron and antiproton/proton ratios, and their time dependence in connection with the evolving solar activity. We report evidence for a time lag

months, between solar-activity data and cosmic-ray flux measurements in space, which reflects the dynamics of the formation of the modulation region. This result enables us to forecast the cosmic-ray flux near Earth well in advance by monitoring solar activity.
Le poujadisme en Normandie : un mouvement éphémère
Authors: Crespin Cyril
Published: November 2017

Aux élections législatives de 1956, l’UDCA parvient à créer une véritable surprise. L’extrême droite pèse, pour la première fois en France, dans les urnes depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Or, en Normandie, région périphérique par rapport au centre de gravité du mouvement Poujade, l’UDCA connaît des difficultés électorales et partisanes. La construction éphémère de fédérations ainsi que les résultats aux différentes élections mettent en exergue les problèmes structurels de l’extrême droite en Normandie, tout en étant le miroir des différences spatiales visibles au sein de cette région. Enfin, ce mouvement doit faire face à une double opposition politique à droite qui, en basse Normandie tout particulièrement, constituera le principal facteur explicatif de son échec final.
Les directives anticipées selon le décret du 3 août 2016
Authors: Doublet Yves-Marie
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article, Yves-Marie Doublet aborde la question des directives anticipées avec la même précision et la même autorité que celles exprimées dans sa présentation de la loi. Il offre là encore un outil précieux pour les médecins comme pour les soignants.
Quand bébé se virtualise…
Authors: Gozlan Angélique
Published: November 2017

Il existe aujourd’hui un grand nombre d’applications pour smartphone permettant d’accompagner les parents, et notamment la mère au cours de sa grossesse et de sa maternité. À travers certaines de ces applications, le nourrisson se virtualise, ayant alors une existence virtuelle au sein de divers espaces numériques. Ces applications permettent de veiller sur les besoins, les soins et les comportements du bébé. Cet article questionne l’impact du recours à de telles applications dans la relation dyadique mère-enfant. D’un usage contra-phobique à celui d’un prolongement de soi, l’illusion primaire se trouverait transformée par la médiatisation d’un objet connecté entre la mère et l’enfant.
Au miroir de ma mère, au miroir du smartphone…, où se crée le corps-ému ?
Authors: de Matteis Vanessa , Chocron Michael
Published: November 2017

Un enfant tient un smartphone dans sa main et de son doigt commande le monde derrière l’écran. Mais cet enfant que vit-il ? A partir de cette scène de psycho-pathologie de la vie quotidienne, les auteurs interrogent la place du corps et de l’excitation face à l’écran, et le statut de cet objet. S’agit-il d’un voile ou d’une surface de projection du corps ? Au-delà, c’est une proposition de réflexion sur la dématérialisation des échanges et la disparition de la scène contemporaine du corps incarné dans sa dimension sexuelle.
L’audiovisuel chez le bébé : du spectateur d’images au cyber-bébé
Authors: Allard Claude
Published: November 2017

La relation du bébé avec les images a été observée depuis longtemps. La télévision diffuse en masse des programmes spécifiques ou non. En France, la question des chaînes dédiées aux bébés a fait vivement débattre l’ensemble de la communauté scientifique. Avec le numérique, l’environnement se peuple d’appareils avec lesquels chacun communique de manière interactive à sa façon : ordinateur, console de jeu, tablette, téléphone portable, etc. Chacun y mène une double vie : la vraie et la virtuelle. Le bébé y devient-il acteur de sa propre vie ? Il interagit avec ces dispositifs, mais cela lui est-il bénéfique ou non ? Dans quelle mesure la dynamique familiale à laquelle il participe en est-elle modifiée ? Son développement psychoaffectif et cognitif est-il susceptible de modifications, voire de perturbations ? C’est ce que je propose de développer dans cet article.
Factors Influencing Patients' Hospital Rating After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Mistry Jaydev B. , Gwam Chukwuweike U. , Chughtai Morad , Khlopas Anton , Ramkumar Prem , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Muschler George , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A. , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: November 2017

Patient satisfaction assessments, such as the Press Ganey surveys, have been adopted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to help determine reimbursements. It is uncertain what facets most affect survey scores among patients who have received total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study explored which factors guide scores for TJA patients. Specifically, the authors assessed (1) which Press Ganey survey features affected the patients' overall hospital rating and (2) whether survey scores were disparate between patients who did and patient who did not have complications. The authors' institutional Press Ganey database was queried for lower-extremity TJAs that occurred between November 2009 and January 2015. This yielded 1454 patients with a mean age of 63 years (range, 15–92 years; 60% women and 40% men). The database contains information related to American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, Press Ganey question responses, and demographics. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association (beta weight) between Press Ganey domains and overall hospital rating. The weighted mean for each domain was calculated. The authors' analysis revealed that overall hospital rating was significantly influenced by communication with nurses (beta weight=0.434,
P
<.001), responsiveness of hospital staff (beta weight=0.181,
P
=.001), communication with doctors (beta weight=0.115,
P
=.014), and hospital environment (beta weight=0.100,
P
=.039). No significant differences were found when comparing the Press Ganey scores of patients with and without complications. By recognizing these elements, physicians can direct measures appropriately, which may help avoid financial penalties and possibly increase patient satisfaction after TJA. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(6):377–380.]
Performance Comparison of Single-Radius Versus Multiple-Curve Femoral Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized Study Using the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test
Authors: Wellman Samuel S. , Klement Mitchell R. , Queen Robin M.
Published: November 2017

Midflexion stability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is dependent, in part, on implant design. Midflexion performance of a single-radius (SR) design and a multi-radius, or J-curve (JC), design were compared using the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ). Patient-reported outcomes and measures of physical performance were also compared. The authors hypothesized that the SR design would provide superior midflexion stability and, therefore, a greater reach distance in the YBT-LQ when compared with the JC design. Patients undergoing primary, unilateral TKA were prospectively enrolled and block randomized to receive either the SR (n=30) or the JC (n=30) implant. Patients reported outcome measures (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Knee Society Score, and University of California at Los Angeles Activity Score), performed the YBT-LQ, and completed physical performance measures (walking speed, timed up-and-go test, and sit-to-stand test) before surgery and 1 year postoperatively. One year postoperatively, 40 patients (20 SR, 20 JC) were available for analysis. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, YBT-LQ results, or any other variable of interest. In both groups, significant improvements were observed for all variables of interest when compared from preoperatively to 1 year postoperatively. Implant type did not affect patient-reported or physical performance outcomes following TKA; however, patients showed significant improvement in most outcome measures by 1 year postoperatively. The significant limitations in strength and balance in this cohort of patients likely outweigh any subtle differences in implant design. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(6):e1074–e1080.]
Correlation Between Femoroacetabular Impingement and Hamstring Tendon Pathology on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthrography
Authors: Talathi Nakul , LaValva Scott , Lopez-Garib Angel , Kelly John D. , Khoury Viviane
Published: November 2017

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an abnormality of the femoral head or acetabulum that leads to an increased incidence of cartilaginous injury in the hip. Femoroacetabular impingement has been associated with several structural abnormalities, including osteitis pubis and hip flexor dysfunction. The authors propose that, additionally, FAI may lead to increased damage of the hamstring tendon due to the additional stress placed on the tendon from the limited range of motion of the hip. The authors conducted a retrospective matched-pair study with the magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance arthrography images of 40 patients' hamstrings with FAI and 45 age-matched controls. Images were identified and reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists for various signs of hamstring tendon pathology. Fisher's exact test and an odds ratio were used to assess for a difference in the occurrence of hamstring tendon pathology in the FAI patient cohort compared with the age-matched controls. The results showed a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of hamstring tendon pathology in the FAI patient cohort compared with the age-matched controls (
P
<.001). The odds ratio for hamstring tendon pathology in a subject with confirmed FAI vs control subjects was 8.30 (95% confidence interval, 3.20–21.5), indicating a significant increase in the risk of developing hamstring tendon pathology among patients with FAI (
P
<.001). This study suggests that there may be an increased occurrence of hamstring tendon pathology in patients with FAI. The kinetic chain of motion, where restricted rotation at the hip joint increases the stress on the hamstring tendons, leading to damage, may explain this increase. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(6):e1086–e1091.]
Repeatability of a Commercially Available Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator and Aberrometer in Normal and Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Kochar Shruti , Grover Tushar , Khamar Pooja , Kusumgar Pallak , Sainani Kanchan , Sinha Roy Abhijit
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the repeatability of aberration measurement obtained by a Hartmann–Shack aberrometer combined with a visual adaptive optics simulator in normal and keratoconic eyes.

METHODS:

One hundred fifteen normal eyes and 92 eyes with grade I and II keratoconus, as per the Amsler–Krumeich classification, were included in the study. To evaluate the repeatability, three consecutive measurements of ocular aberrations were obtained by a single operator. Zernike analyses up to the 5th order for a pupil size of 4.5 mm were performed. Statistical analyses included the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and within-subject standard deviation (SD).

RESULTS:

For intrasession repeatability, the ICC value for sphere and cylinder was 0.94 and 0.93 in normal eyes and 0.98 and 0.97 in keratoconic eyes, respectively. The ICC for root mean square of higher order aberrations (HOA
RMS
) was 0.82 in normal and 0.98 in keratoconic eyes. For 3rd order aberrations (trefoil and coma), the ICC values were greater than 0.87 for normal eyes and greater than 0.92 for keratoconic eyes. The ICC for spherical aberration was 0.92 and 0.90 in normal and keratoconic eyes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Visual adaptive optics provided repeatable aberrometry data in both normal and keratoconic eyes. For most of the parameters, the repeatability in eyes with early keratoconus was somewhat better than that for normal eyes. The repeatability of the Zernike terms was acceptable for 3rd order (trefoil and coma) and spherical aberrations. Therefore, visual adaptive optics was a suitable tool to perform repeatable aberrometric measurements.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(11):769–772.]
Accuracy of Visual Estimation of LASIK Flap Thickness
Authors: Brenner Jason E. , Fadlallah Ali , Hatch Kathryn M. , Choi Catherine , Sayegh Rony R. , Kouyoumjian Paul , Wu Simon , Frangieh George T. , Melki Samir A.
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:

To assess the accuracy of surgeons' visual estimation of LASIK flap thickness when created by a femtosecond laser by comparing it to ultrasound measurements.

METHODS:

Surgeons were asked to visually estimate the thickness of a femtosecond flap during the procedure. Total corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry prior to the procedure and the stromal bed was similarly measured after flap lifting. The estimates from three experienced surgeons (cornea fellowship trained and more than 5 years in practice) were compared to those of three cornea fellows, with each surgeon evaluating 20 eyes (120 total). Surgeons were not told the thickness of the flaps unless required for safety reasons.

RESULTS:

The average difference between visual and ultrasonic estimation of LASIK flap thickness was 15.20
μ
m. The flap was 10
μ
m thicker than estimated in 37% of eyes, 20
μ
m thicker in 17% of eyes, and 30
μ
m thicker in 10% of eyes. The largest deviation was 53
μ
m. There was no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of experienced surgeons and fellows (
P
= .51).

CONCLUSIONS:

There are significant differences between surgeons' visual estimates and ultrasonic measurements of LASIK flap thickness. Relying on these visual estimates may lead to deeper excimer laser ablation than intended. This could lead to thinner residual stromal beds and higher percent tissue altered than planned. The authors recommend that surgeons measure flaps intraoperatively to maximize accuracy and safety.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(11):765–767.]
Légalité et légitimité
Authors: Schmitt Carl
Published: November 2017

Rédigé dans l’urgence à l’été de 1932, ce petit traité accompagne l’échec de la première expérience démocratique allemande. Il jette un regard incisif sur la crise qui emporte la République de Weimar et évalue les chances de sauver le régime face aux extrémistes de droite et de gauche. Philosophie politique, commentaire juridique et raison d’État se conjuguent ici sous l’effet d’une rhétorique vigoureuse et rusée, digne des plus grands publicistes.Écrit dans un contexte tragique et marqué par la carrière sulfureuse de son auteur, l’ouvrage a connu des échos aussi multiples qu’inattendus dans les démocraties d’après-guerre. La démocratie est-elle foncièrement un régime sans défense ? Doit-elle accepter l’existence de partis politiques attachés à la renverser ? Les mesures d’exception et de sécurité sont-elles justifiables au nom du salut public ? Peut-on préserver l’esprit d’une constitution et en nier la lettre ? Les questions que pose cet ouvrage résonnent encore dans d’innombrables conflits politiques.
New Media and Learning
Authors: Abdusselam Mustafa Serkan , Guntepe Ebru Turan
Published: November 2017

This chapter is to challenge the research opportunity of media literacy in the twenty-first-century learning environment. Different technologies with human-computer interaction are addressed in this section as two different main structures. The relationships between these two structures are constructed as matrices. One of these structures is constituted by the educational technologies of the twenty-first century. The second is the learning framework of the twenty-first century. The research will be done using content analysis of the technologies used and learning frameworks. Based on the data obtained, this study will attempt to demonstrate that teachers can provide more effective and productive instruction using human-computer interaction. This section will hopefully provide information to teachers and students about suitable learning environments designed for the use of and in conformance with twenty-first-century skills with the use of innovative technologies, and technologies they should use in these environments.
Learning Content Creation in the Field
Authors: Sosale Sujatha
Published: November 2017

Media literacy is the raison d'être of journalism and media education in universities. With the advent of digital technologies and generational online developments such as Web 2.0, media literacy has now turned into multimedia literacy, where future media professionals learn to write, produce video and audio, edit, link, curate, and disseminate the content produced as individual communicators rather than members of a production team where each member specializes in one or two of these aspects to media production. Simultaneously there has been an increase in efforts to globalize educational experiences for students. These developments raise questions about new elements to media literacy, pedagogy, assessment, and learning the ethics of responsible communication about foreign cultures in the media. This chapter tackles these questions by reflecting on a Study Abroad course experience where students in a US university traveled to South India, and created content in the field about specific experiences related to development.
Promoting Global Competencies in India
Authors: Sharma Aakanksha Rajeev
Published: November 2017

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines global competence as the capacity to analyze global and intercultural issues critically and to engage in open, appropriate and effective interactions. Since media forms the basis for attaining and sharing information, formulating ideas and opinions about people, events and situations, exploring different cultures, perspectives, rejecting notions as well as accepting truths, media and information literacy (MIL) is an effective and essential way to attain this global competence. As MIL competencies are closely aligned with global competencies, interlinking the two helps in attaining true global citizenship. This chapter explains the problems, prospects and possibilities for MIL training in India. The history and evolution of media and its regulatory structure in India and how this has impacted and continues to influence the spectrum of media and information literacy is the core of this study.
The Psychological Effects of Violence-Related Information From the Media
Authors: Jabbarova Lala
Published: November 2017

The media is one of the main resources from which people derive information about events surrounding them. The media tries to mirror realities, transmit various events, including cases of aggression and violence; however, lack of control on quality and quantity of information may result in perilous outcomes. This chapter offers a psychological analysis of the influence of media on crime in society, as well as the relation of crime levels with information about aggression and violence. The results of the research suggest that frequent, overstated, and embellished media disseminations of information of an aggressive character, without considering its possible psychological outcomes, increases viewers' levels of aggression and violence. In order to prevent this increase, it is crucial not to eliminate aggressive information from media completely, but instead to present it while taking into account its psychological effects.
Teaching Digital and Media Literacy as Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Boehmer Mary Catherine
Published: November 2017

As technology increasingly becomes a part of our day-to-day lives in the United States and throughout the globe, there is a greater push for students to develop the digital and media literacy skills necessary for the twenty-first century. In the United States, students learning these skills often come from a wide range of linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The diversity of the U.S. is one of its greatest strengths, but with this diversity come cultural differences in access to technology and how it is used across different cultural contexts. This chapter analyzes the constructs of digital and media literacy, the ways in which culture can be defined and how that can affect the intersectional identities performed in the social and participatory world of Web 2.0. It also examines access to technology and how technology is used for communication and accessing information in Russia, Germany, and Azerbaijan, and how approaching digital and media literacy through the lens of cross-cultural communication can help teachers to better meet the needs of learners from diverse backgrounds.
Entrepreneurial Thinking in the Educational System
Authors: Grădinaru Cătălin , Toma Sorin-George I. , Marinescu Paul I.
Published: November 2017

Education is the critical vein for human development, for society and economic growth. Because the context nowadays is vacillating, sometimes turbulent even, mankind needs empowerment through a belief system. We believe that an educated man is key to a sustainable economy, one that promotes values, lucidity and rationality. Education is modelled by and models society, through the way we think, act and react. The individual is the main actor on life's scene and he is responsible of the various shapes and forms of the socio-economic systems, of different contexts and behaviours in general. In this chapter, we aim to highlight the importance of entrepreneurship, management, creativity in managing an educational institution (system). We will analyse how an entrepreneurial system should look like, how creative thinking helps and how it will contribute to an “educated development”.
Created Shared Value and Sustainable, Inclusive Development of Developing Countries
Authors: Odia James O.
Published: November 2017

The created shared value represents a paradigm shift in business corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability strategy. Apart from addressing the limitations inherent in the traditional CSR which is mainly philanthropic, short-lived and separated from the core business strategy and activities, it enhances the company's competitiveness while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the community of operation. Companies can create shared values through re-conceiving products and markets, redefining productivity in the value chain and building supportive industry clusters at the company's locations and solving society problems. Despite the criticisms and challenges of the shared value concept, there are convincing evidences that the created shared value is a veritable instrument for addressing the bottom of the pyramid resulting in inclusive, sustainable development of developing countries and it has the potentials to unleash the next wave of global economic growth, prosperity and sustainable development when governments, companies and non-government organizations in developing countries demonstrate commitment to their roles in shared value creation and companies start to think and take long-term views of social investments and economic prosperity, and look at corporate decisions and opportunities through the lens of shared value by incorporating social and societal values into their economic agenda.
The Impact of Events
Authors: Silvestrelli Patrizia
Published: November 2017

This chapter argues about some of the main effects generated by cultural events on the host territory with the aim at verifying under which conditions an event creates value for all stakeholders and is sustainable. Sustainability is not a static condition but an ever-changing process, which should lead to enhanced life conditions from an economic, social and environmental point of view. This requires that all stakeholders not only participate but also deeply share values as well as local resources, take part in common projects and act to achieve mutual goals. In this regard, Expo Milano 2015 is analyzed as a significant example, because not only it promotes a virtuous theme but also it represents the product of intents and values shared by different organizations. However, despite the undisputed value generated by the event, the aim is to call into question its degree of sustainability, in relation to the policies implemented for promoting the event, the firms' strategy, as well as the social and economic effects in Milan and in Italy.
Smart Cities and Internet Technology Research for Sustainable and Inclusive Development
Authors: Marouli Christina , Lytras Miltiadis D.
Published: November 2017

The concept of smart cities has recently emerged to highlight the significance of innovation and information technologies in urban planning. In this chapter, after a discussion of different conceptions and important dimensions of smart cities, a wealth of information technologies that have been used in cities for a variety of services is presented. The authors advocate that smart urban solutions should be designed within a smart cities vision and strategic plan, defined by people's needs. They propose an integrated strategic policy making model for smart, sustainable and inclusive cities and they make recommendations for policies and education for smart cities. The special character of public and private spaces, the significance of everyday life, the pivotal role of open governance and meaningful citizen participation, as well as the balance between the desired surveillance for efficient resource management and freedom and creativity have been highlighted as challenges that should inform the design of smart urban solutions and future research on smart cities.
Oil and Gas Discoveries in Kenya
Authors: Owuor Nickanor Amwata
Published: November 2017

This chapter introduces the key constituent activities of the oil and gas industry and aims to outline the core benefits that the recent oil and gas discoveries in Kenya herald to the country's expectant population. It describes and analyzes the global oil and gas industry with a focus on its strategic, financial, and business aspects. It also identifies the opportunities for participation in the industry value chain through which the oil and gas revenues can be of benefit to the Kenyan people. However, the study's focus is on the creation of social value at the community or country level rather than on private shareholder value. Moreover, the chapter only examines upstream activities—that is, exploration and production—even though the implications might also apply to midstream and downstream activities.
Dispositional Factors Influencing College Success
Authors: Martin Melissa , Mockry Jean , Puliatte Alison , Simard Denise A. , Squires Maureen E.
Published: November 2017

Attending college can be difficult for some students. Fong and Loi (2015) noted that these challenges may be the result of attending school in a different city/town away from home, missing family or friends, or balancing the requirements of school with work. Because of this, some students “experience substantial distress” while in school (Fong & Loi, 2015). So, why do students handle stress differently? Perhaps personality, character dispositions, and mindsets impact a student's ability to manage stress. More specifically, a student's grit, self-control, resilience, and self-compassion may impact the student's ability to handle challenges while in college. The authors also discuss how these character dispositions impact a specific audience – preservice general and special educators enrolled in coursework to become K-12 teachers.
Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility by the Employees
Authors: Nedelko Zlatko , Potocan Vojko
Published: November 2017

The main purpose of this chapter is to examine the relationships between three underlying aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), namely economic, environmental, and societal aspects, and the level of CSR, as perceived by the employees. The strength and direction of the impact of a single underlying aspect of CSR, on the level of CSR in organizations, is examined through a sample of 288 employees in Slovenian organizations. Results from the empirical survey suggest that employees' higher concern for environmental and social issues increases the level of organizational CSR, while higher striving for solely economic outcomes lowers the level of organizational CSR. Findings in this chapter provide insight into the state of CSR in organizations as perceived by the employees, providing an important starting point for definition or re-thinking of strategies in relation to CSR, and as a starting point for other actions as well, like changes in academia.
Building an Ethical Culture in the Post-Bureaucratic Era
Authors: Fabiano Anthony , Hornstein Henry
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to propose a framework for achieving an ethical culture in the post-bureaucratic era. The authors emphasize the necessity of informal dialogue and employee empowerment, and examine the role that personal values have in the post-bureaucratic work environment. Next, this chapter explores the appraisal of personal values and asserts that modern organizations will need similar strategies in order to identify and develop an effective ethical culture. The last portion of this chapter addresses three employee virtues that are helpful in the design and implementation of an ethical culture. Over and above appraising the values of an organization, this chapter provides a modern account for the definition of values and discusses methods for appraising each virtue while also proposing some alternatives for measuring employee loyalty, integrity and perseverance.
Exploring Emotional Intelligence at Work
Authors: Orta Irem Metin , Camgoz Selin Metin
Published: November 2017

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and use emotions. Organizational settings are now considered important arenas for the manifestation of human emotions. In order to establish long-term success, today's organizations continually emphasize the search for emotionally intelligent employees. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the current literature on emotional intelligence with respect to work-related attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes. In particular, it provides empirical evidence for the associations of emotional intelligence with job satisfaction, work performance, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, effective leadership, and well-being. This chapter also provides practical implications and suggestions for future research by addressing plausible moderators and mediators, which are related to emotional intelligence.
Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions During Technology Transition
Authors: Johnson Richard D. , Yanson Regina
Published: November 2017

Using data from 52 employees, this study investigated the relations among user involvement, core self-evaluations, computer self-efficacy, employee stress, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the organization during the implementation of a new barcode scanning system. The results revealed that core self-evaluations and user involvement were positively related to computer self-efficacy. In addition, core self-evaluations was negatively related to job stress, but user involvement was not. The results further showed that job stress was negatively related to job satisfaction. Finally, job stress and job satisfaction were each negatively related to intentions to leave the organization. Implications for theory and managers are discussed.
Communication and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Shen Libi , Austin Larry
Published: November 2017

In a business organization, communication is imperative for employers to express their thoughts, ideas, policies, and goals to their employees. Different organizational leaders or managers have various communication styles. Effective communication between employers and employees would not only boost employees' morale and job performance, but also demonstrate employers' successful leadership. Are communication and job satisfaction related? How should employers communicate so that their employees have higher job satisfaction, better engagement, lower turnover, and stronger long-term commitment? The purpose of this chapter is to explore the relationship between communication and employees' job satisfaction. This chapter attempts to provide business executives, company leaders, and scholar-practitioners suggestions with regard to developing effective communication strategies for better company management.
Work-Value Orientation
Authors: Bhattacharya Anshuman
Published: November 2017

O'Reilly et al. (1991) defines value congruence as the match between the organization's culture and individual's values. The study is based on the same definition. It aims at determining the importance of rewards and resources for staff-members having different continuum of work values, association of work value congruence with organizational facilities, and assessing the impact of interpersonal interactional opportunity on attitudinal responses of employees. Significance of a particular aspect of job and organizational arrangements are correlated; further, significance of difference in the correlation coefficient is measured. The study reveals significant effect of work-value orientation on response to autonomy, organizational facilities, and organizational arrangements in terms of job satisfaction, citizenship and retaliatory behavior, intrinsic motivation, and job-involvement in employees. The chapter suggests that appropriate match between dominant values in individual employees and corresponding organizational arrangements is one of the significant antecedents of job satisfaction and involvement in the employees.
Gap Analysis
Authors: Lee Chang
Published: November 2017

Employees have their own perceptions or attitudes about many aspects of work itself, and their own satisfaction with job or non-work-related attributes. Job satisfaction has been widely studied by many researchers and practitioners. This study surveys selected work-related attributes to help hoteliers improve work environments. This study initially identifies the level of importance on work-related attributes and the level of satisfaction with those attributes among hotel workers. Whether differences exist between the levels of importance of work-related attributes and satisfaction with those attributes is also explored. The purpose of this study is to identify how hotel workers perceive their work environments and identify areas that need more attention from hotel managers. Based on the purpose of this study, work-related attributes are measured according to the level of importance and the level of satisfaction. The study indicates that hotel workers consider their work environments, in terms of who they work with; to be well provided; however, work-related expectation, in terms of what they receive for their work, has not met their expectations. This study finds supervisor's friendlessness, job security, and pay are top three most important.
Achieving Job Satisfaction for Instructors in E-Learning
Authors: Margalina Vasilica Maria , De-Pablos-Heredero Carmen , Botella José Luis Montes
Published: November 2017

Relational coordination model has been applied to different sectors reaching positive results in terms of performance in contexts with highly interdependent tasks, uncertainty, time restrictions and tacit knowledge. In this research, the relational coordination model has been applied to prove high levels of instructor satisfaction in e-learning. According to the model, organizations can achieve performance by providing frequent, timely and problem solving communication mechanisms to support shared knowledge, in a context of shared goals and mutual respect. Instructors who teach online courses in Spanish universities and e-learning companies have been surveyed on these particular issues. By using Structural Equation Model analysis (SEM), it has been shown how higher standards in terms of relational coordination among instructors in e-learning explain higher degrees of satisfaction. The conclusions should be considered by universities and companies when they evaluate alternatives for the improvement of performance in online education and training.
The Effects of Work-Family Conflict on Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Efeoğlu I. Efe , Sanal Musa
Published: November 2017

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the effects of work-family conflict on the employees' attitudes towards their jobs and their behaviours in the workplace within the framework of job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment concepts in the Turkish Pharmaceutical Industry. The data used in this study were obtained by the questionnaire survey method. One of the results of this study reveals that work-family conflict and work to family conflict have positive effects on job stress. However, family to work conflict has no effect on job stress. Secondly, work-family conflict and work to family conflict have positive effects on job satisfaction, while no evidence has been found regarding the effects of family to work conflict on job satisfaction. Thirdly, work-family conflict and work to family conflict have negative effects on organizational commitment while no evidence has been found regarding the effects of work to family conflict on organizational commitment.