bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Architecture of Connectivity: A Key to Network Vulnerability, Complexity and Resilience
Authors: Reggiani Aura
Published: May 2022

This paper highlights the relevance of connectivity and its architecture as a general conceptual framework which underlies and integrates the concepts of network vulnerability, complexity, and resilience. In particular, it will be pointed out that connectivity architecture can be considered an explicit key element for network vulnerability and shock propagation. While the relevance of the various connectivity configurations is not clearly emphasised in the dynamic complexity models of the space-economy, it appears to play a primary role in network analysis. In this regard, the emerging recognition of connectivity architecture in relation to hubs ‒ and hierarchies of hubs ‒ in a complex network will help the enhancement of network resilience. The paper develops as follows. First, the notion of network vulnerability, which refers not only to the phenomenon of shocks, but also to the propagation of shocks in a network, will be examined. Here it appears that modelling vulnerability and shock propagation, also jointly with cascading disaster models, is strongly based on connectivity issues. The question is: How can conventional (complex) system dynamic modelling, as well as network modelling,take into account these shocks and connectivity dynamics from the methodological viewpoint? A review in this respect shows how connectivity is a ‘hidden’ element in these complexity models, for example, in chaos or (dynamic) competition models, where interaction parameter values might lead to vulnerable domains and chaotic behaviour. On the contrary, connectivity and its various topologies have a distinct, primary role in network analysis. The issue of network resilience appears therefore to be the ‘response’ to vulnerability and chaos, calling for robustness and stability of the network in the presence of shocks and disruptions. Resilience analysis refers to the speed at which a network returns to its equilibrium after a shock, as well as to the perturbations/shocks that can be absorbed before the network is induced into some other equilibrium (adaptivity). Connectivity is relevant here, but not often considered in spatial economics. In order to reach a unified methodological framework, attention will finally be paid to a complementary analysis of the (dynamic) concepts of vulnerability and resilience. In this light, chaos models/properties might be seen in a positive perspective, since small changes can lead to uncertain and unstable effects, but also, thanks to connectivity, to new equilibria which are not necessarily negative. Thus, the architecture of connectivity, in its interdisciplinary insights, can be considered as a fundamental (and analytical) approach for identifying vulnerability and resilience patterns in complex networks.
Design and optimization of optical power splitters for optical access networks
Authors: Serecunova Stanislava , Seyringer Dana , Uherek Frantisek , Seyringer Heinz
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to study the design, simulation, and optimization of low-loss Y-branch passive optical splitters up to 64 output ports for telecommunication applications. For a waveguide channel profile, the standard material silica-on-silicon is used. The Y-splitters are designed and simulated at telecommunication operating wavelength, $$\lambda$$
λ
= 1550 nm. Except for the lengths of the used Y-branches, and a core size of the waveguides, design parameters such as port pitch between the waveguides and simulation parameters for all splitters are considered fixed. The simulation results are analyzed to determine the optimum length of the splitters and the optimum core size. Based on this optimization the total length of the highest designed $$1\times 64$$

1
×
64

Y-branch splitter was reduced by 41.14 % for a waveguide core ($$5\times 5$$

5
×
5

) $$\upmu \mathrm{m}^2$$

μ

m

2

compared to the length of splitter with a standard ($$6\times 6$$

6
×
6

) $$\upmu \mathrm{m}^2$$

μ

m

2

core size.
Bridging the Gaps Between Us: Explaining When and Why People of Color Express Shared Political Views
Authors: Pérez Efrén , Vicuña Bianca V. , Ramos Alisson , Phan Kevin , Solano Mariella , Tillett Eric
Published: May 2022

People of color (PoC) will soon become a demographic majority in the U.S., but this overlooks major differences in how various PoC are treated by American society and the political priorities they hold. We build a theory that explainswhenandwhysome PoC express more unified political views. Despite variation in their social positions, people of color share common sources of marginalization. For example, although Asian Americans are stereotyped as amodel minorityand Latinos aslow-status, both are deemedperpetual foreigners. We claim that shared marginalization sparks solidarity between PoC, which strengthens their support for policies that do not implicate their ingroup, thus forging interminority unity. Using survey data, Study 1 (N = 2400) shows that Asian adults report weaker solidarity with PoC than do Latinos, plus less support for policies that accommodate unauthorized immigrants, which implicate Latinos. Studies 2 and 3 randomly assign Asian (N = 641) and Latino (N = 624) adults to read about a racial outgroup marginalized asforeign(vs. control article). This heightens solidarity with PoC, which then boosts Asian support for flexible policies toward undocumented immigrants (which implicate Latinos) and Latino support for generous policies toward high-skill immigrants (which implicate Asians). We discuss how our results clarify the opportunities and limits of political unity among PoC.
A joint demand modeling framework for ride-sourcing and dynamic ridesharing services: a geo-additive Markov random field based heterogeneous copula framework
Authors: Wali Behram , Santi Paolo , Ratti Carlo
Published: May 2022

Promoting sustainable transportation, ride-sourcing and dynamic ridesharing (DRS) services have transformative impacts on mobility, congestion, and emissions. As emerging mobility options, the demand for ride-sourcing and DRS services has rarely been simultaneously examined. This study contributes to filling this gap by jointly analyzing the demand for ride-sourcing and DRS services and examining how it varies across neighborhood-level built environment, transit accessibility and crime, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors. To achieve these objectives, unique geo-coded data containing millions of ride-sourcing and DRS trips in Chicago are spatially joined with up-to-date data on the built environment, transit accessibility, crime, active travel, and demographic factors. A novel Markov Random Field-based joint heterogeneous geo-additive copula framework is presented to simultaneously capture random, systematic, and spatial heterogeneity. Characterized by a Frank copula structure, the demand for ride-sourcing and DRS services exhibited a non-linear stochastic dependence pattern. With spatial heterogeneity and spillover effects, the stochastic dependence of ride-sourcing and DRS demand varied across time of day and was the strongest in compact and dense neighborhoods. Key aspects of the built environment related to urban design (pedestrian-oriented infrastructure), density, and land-use diversity were positively associated with ride-sourcing and DRS demand—suggesting that sustainable mobility goals can be achieved by continuing to invest in more walkable neighborhoods. Active travel and telecommuting were positively linked with ride-sourcing and DRS demand. Complementary and substitutive effects for transit accessibility were found. Results show that increasing transit accessibility in areas with low levels of accessibility (compared to those with high transit levels) could be more helpful in increasing the adoption of ride-sourcing and DRS services. Relative to ride-sourcing, the demand for DRS services appeared more responsive to improvements in pedestrian-infrastructure and transit accessibility. Quantification of non-linear associations with ceiling and overdose effects for the built environment, vehicle ownership, and transit accessibility provided deeper insights. The findings can help guide the development of policy interventions and investment decisions to further accelerate the adoption of mobility-on-demand systems.
The genesis of Brexit in the UK: outline of a multi-field model
Authors: Atkinson Will
Published: May 2022

This paper outlines a sociological model of the conditions of possibility of the UK’s decision to withdraw from the European Union in 2016. Drawing on the conceptual tools of Pierre Bourdieu and those inspired by him, it synthesises and goes beyond the partial and fragmentary accounts offered so far to offer a more comprehensive narrative implicating the interrelation of multiple fields, with agents’ evolving strategies within the different fields being the major fulcra. To be specific, the conditions of possibility for the referendum result were provided by mutations within the global field of nation states ricocheting through the UK’s political field, ethno-racial field and class structure.
On Measuring Political Consumerism: An Exploratory Study Among Young People in the UK and in Greece
Authors: Kyroglou Georgios , Henn Matt
Published: May 2022

Political consumerism consists of buycotting and boycotting and refers to the conscious and consistent use of the market for ethical, environmental and eventually political considerations. Nevertheless, at present there is no academic consensus about how best to conceptualise and empirically measure this form of political participation. The aim of this article is to address this gap by constructing a comprehensive survey instrument to measure political consumerism, in the form of the ‘Political Consumerism Index’ (PCI). This PCI is tested for validity and reliability and applied to a primary sample of young people in the UK and Greece, to shed light on the differing underlying motivations of young political consumers in the two countries. A combination of linear regression analysis and a series of non-parametric tests reveal the distinct advantages of this PCI over the commonly-used dichotomous behavioural measures of political consumerism. Our analysis reveals that political consumerism in both the UK and Greece is driven by young people’s conviction about the effectiveness of their consumer behaviour, their environmental motivations and their willingness to sign online petitions or join protests. There are also important differences across the two groups. Young UK political consumers are more likely to be female, relatively older, with a stronger local community outlook and postmaterialist sensitivities. Instead, young political consumers in Greece demonstrate both a generalised rejection of partisan politics and believe that market competition brings out the worst in people, while they perceive political consumerism as a means to support their national economy.
The Subjective Cost of Young Children: A European Comparison
Authors: Spitzer Sonja , Greulich Angela , Hammer Bernhard
Published: May 2022

Understanding child-related costs is crucial given their impact on fertility and labour supply decisions. We explore the subjective cost of young children in Europe by analysing the effect of child births on parents’ self-reported ability to make ends meet, and link it to changes in objective economic well-being such as income, benefits, and employment. The study is based on EU-SILC longitudinal data for 30 European countries from 2004 to 2019, enabling comparisons between country groups of different welfare regimes. Results show that newborns decrease subjective economic well-being in all regions, yet with economies of scale for the number of children. Mediation analyses reveal that the substantial labour income losses of mothers (indirect costs) explain only a small part of subjective child costs. In the first year after birth, these losses are mostly compensated for via public transfers or increased labour income of fathers, except in regions where women take extensive parental leave. This suggests that the initial drop in subjective economic well-being after childbirth is caused by increased expenses due to the birth of a child (direct costs) and other drivers such as stress that are reflected in the self-reported indicator.
Effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with prior bleeding events: a retrospective analysis of administrative claims databases
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Keshishian Allison , Kang Amiee , Luo Xuemei , Atreja Nipun , Zhang Yan , Schuler Patricia , Jiang Jenny , Yuce Huseyin , Deitelzweig Steven
Published: May 2022

Introduction

There are a paucity of real-world data examining effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with prior bleeding.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included data from 5 insurance claims databases and included NVAF patients prescribed OACs with prior bleeding. One-to-one propensity score matching was conducted between NOACs and warfarin and between NOACs in each database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and MB.

Results

A total of 244,563 patients (mean age 77; 50% female) with prior bleeding included 55,094 (22.5%) treated with apixaban, 12,500 (5.1%) with dabigatran, 38,246 (15.6%) with rivaroxaban, and 138,723 (56.7%) with warfarin. Apixaban (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.70, 0.83]) and rivaroxaban (HR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.71, 0.87]) had a lower risk of stroke/SE vs. warfarin. Apixaban (HR: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.64, 0.70]) and dabigatran (HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.81, 0.96]) had a lower risk of MB vs. warfarin. Apixaban patients had a lower risk of stroke/SE vs. dabigatran (HR: 0.70 [95% CI: 0.57, 0.86]) and rivaroxaban (HR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.76, 0.96]) and a lower risk of MB than dabigatran (HR: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.67, 0.81]) and rivaroxaban (HR: 0.64 [95% CI: 0.61, 0.68]).

Conclusions

In this real-world analysis of a large sample of NVAF patients with prior bleeding, NOACs were associated with similar or lower risk of stroke/SE and MB vs. warfarin and variable risk of stroke/SE and MB against each other.
The Challenge of Societal Recognition of Humanitarian and Development NGO Practitioners in Japan: A Volunteer or a Professional?
Authors: Szczepanska Kamila
Published: May 2022

Over the last three decades, Japanese NGOs have become increasingly engaged in the delivery of Japanese foreign aid, and humanitarian responses to national emergencies. Despite these attainments, a lack of recognition for the Japanese NGO sector among the domestic audience remains noticeable. The article proposes that, despite the increasing professionalization and professionalism of the Japanese NGO sector, the activities of practitioners are frequently construed as volunteering. Additionally, the article contends that concerns about the anti-government or “political” undertone to NGO activities and diminishing interest in international cooperation issues constitute a considerable challenge to fostering recognition and building domestic constituencies for development and humanitarian NGOs. Finally, the dominant approach to the non-profit and voluntary sector in Japan promoted by the government in the post-1995/1998 climate is discussed as a consequential hindrance to the process of establishing Japanese NGOs’ aid work as a professional knowledge-based enterprise in the public sphere.
E-learning with multiple-try-feedback: Can hints foster students’ achievement during the semester?
Authors: Schwerter Jakob , Wortha Franz , Gerjets Peter
Published: May 2022

E-learning opportunities have become an increasingly important component of university education. Various laboratory studies have shown that e-learning environments can meaningfully enhance learning by incorporating various interventions and design choices (e.g., providing feedback and scaffolds). However, many computer-based interventions have not yet been applied in authentic university courses, raising questions about whether and how the provision of certain forms of feedback works and scales in an applied context. In this paper, we addressed this research gap. Specifically, we investigated whether including an elaborative component (hints) in multiple-try feedback increases student learning in e-learning exercises in an undergraduate statistics course. In one exercise, after completing a statistical problem, one group received feedback that conveyed knowledge about the correct response, while the other group additionally received elaborative feedback in the form of hints. We conducted an experimental comparison of these two types of feedback with third-semester sociology students in the tutorial component of an introductory statistics course. The results show that additional feedback helps students perform better during the session and on a delayed test one week later. Implications for further research and the application of such e-learning environments in university settings are discussed.
Punctuated Equilibrium and the Comparative Study of Policy Agendas
Authors: Beyer Daniela , Breunig Christian , Green-Pedersen Christoffer , Klüser K. Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Agenda-setting theory has a long tradition within policy studies but took a major leap forward with the work of Baumgartner and Jones and their formulation of punctuated equilibrium theory (PET). Since then, an extensive literature has developed, both evaluating the notion of punctuated equilibria from a comparative perspective and providing ideas for a broader theoretical development on political processes. The original formulation of the theory was based on the US political system, whose institutional elements make it a likely case to observe the type of political processes that PET highlights. Subsequent comparative studies have demonstrated that the theory’s idea is of general relevance in two regards. First, factors, such as issue characteristics, operate similarly across political systems. Second, political institutions shape agenda-setting processes. This paper expands on the political institutional features that are particularly important when applying PET to a West European context. We illustrate the interplay of these institutional characteristics with the political process regarding the German debate on digitalization.
Spatio-temporal variations and contextual factors of the supply of Airbnb in Rome. An initial investigation
Authors: Crisci Massimiliano , Benassi Federico , Rabiei-Dastjerdi Hamidreza , McArdle Gavin
Published: May 2022

This paper offers an analysis of the supply of Airbnb accommodation in Rome, one of the main tourist destinations in the world, the third-largest city in Europe, by the number of Airbnb listings. The aim is to focus on the recent spatial trend of Airbnb listings, including the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlight the main housing and socioeconomic characteristics of the neighbourhoods associated with a strong presence of Airbnb listings. The study is developed with quantitative methods and spatial regression (spatial lag and spatial error using OLS as a benchmark), based on data collected from the Inside Airbnb and Tomslee websites. In the period 2014–2019, the listing trend in Rome has been increasing in absolute numbers. After the start of the pandemic, the trend became negative, and the decline of Airbnb offerings is more substantial for shared accommodation. Airbnb supply is related to the distance from the city centre, the average income of the area, empty apartments, singles and the share of foreign residents coming from high-income countries. A signal of spatial diffusion of Airbnb listings emerges in the coastal area, even if they are increasingly concentrated in the historic centre, where there is amonocultureof short-term renting.
Investigating the association of psychological impacts of delay on the perceived importance of real-time information: three-stage least square instrumental regression
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ferraro F. Richard
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the association between psychological impacts of delay on commuters and three indictors of the rail transport real-time information. The case study experienced sporadic long delay and simultaneously imprecise real-time information. Three dependent variables related to the passenger information system (PIS) were modeled simultaneously, including perceived waiting time, satisfaction, and the quality of rail transport. Given the likely correlation between the considered models error terms, the relationship between dependent and the independent variables was modeled with the three-stage least square (3SLS) model. We found, for instance, that there are significant association between the  impacts of the real-time information and commuters’ gender, purpose of travel, frequency of travel, and various psychological feelings that commuters experienced. However, interaction results highlighted that the associations between experienced negative emotions and dependent variables are not stable but vary based on other predictors. For instance, the association between purpose of travel and increased satisfaction due to accurate real-time information varies based on the frequency of using the transport by commuters. Also, the association between feeling frustrated and increased perceived time due to imprecise real-time information differs based on the amount of anger the commuters experience due to delay. In summary, we found that commuters who experience a higher level of negative feelings are expected to assign a higher importance to the accuracy of real-time information, but those effect are varied based on their purpose of travels or other demographic characteristics.
Who’s a Fascist?
Authors: Herrera Yoshiko M.
Published: May 2022

We are living in a time of increasing authoritarianism around the world, with populism and illiberalism growing not only in states that traditionally have not been very democratic but also in established democracies. These troubling trends have led to alarms being sounded and much labeling of threats, including the use of the term fascist for some countries, as well as parties, movements, and individuals, within both democratic and nondemocratic countries. But who is actually a fascist? What does the term mean? And more specifically, is Russia fascist?
Proficiency, language of assessment, and attention to meaning and form during L2 comprehension: Methodological considerations in L2 replication research
Authors: Szudarski Paweł , Mikołajczak Sylwia
Published: May 2022

This study is a replication and extension of Morgan-Short et al.’s (2018) investigation into the role of attention in input processing by L1-Polish learners of L2-Spanish, with proficiency and language of assessment explored as two key methodological factors. Our aims were twofold: to investigate learners’ comprehension in different conditions with their L2 proficiency controlled for, and to examine this process when learners were tested using different languages. Data from three trials (N = 136) were analyzed: Trial-English, Trial-Polish, and Trial-Spanish, where comprehension was tested in English, Polish, or Spanish, respectively. Results showed that both L2 proficiency and language of assessment significantly affected learners’ performance, with their scores being lower in the-nmorpheme condition but only when comprehension was tested in English or Spanish. We discuss these findings both theoretically and methodologically, making recommendations on designing future replication studies and improving the generalizability of L2 findings across multiple research sites.
The challenges of long-delayed prosecutions in fighting impunity in Bangladesh
Authors: Zammit Borda Aldo , Hosen Sajib
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the challenges of ‘long-delayed’ prosecutions, that is, criminal prosecutions that begin decades after the conflict, using the experience of the International Criminal Tribunal for Bangladesh (ICT-BD) as a case study. This issue is still an insufficiently discussed topic even though such prosecutions are likely to become more common in the future. The focus of this article is mainly on the legal and broader, transitional justice challenges of long-delayed prosecutions at the ICT-BD. The article examines how such prosecutions have had a contradictory, two-fold effect: on the one hand, they have partially broken the endemic culture of impunity that was allowed to prevail for decades in Bangladesh. On the other hand, however, they have been highly controversial and may have served to deepen alienation of the Islamist opposition in Bangladesh. The article concludes that the question of whether long-delayed prosecutions are desirable for a particular society remains highly context-dependent and, in some cases, mechanisms other than criminal trials may be better suited to dealing with the past.
The Subjective Effects of Gender Quotas: Party Elites Do Not Consider “Quota Women” to Be Less Competent
Authors: Radojevic Marco
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the subjective effects of gender quotas by examining how quotas affect party elites’ perceptions of quota beneficiaries. Furthermore, it proposes to distinguish between objective and subjective quota effects. Subjective effects were studied by randomizing information on whether politicians got into office through a gender quota. Elites then were asked to rate politicians based on an audio clip and an experimental vignette. Whereas the two treatment groups were told that gender quotas or ceiling quotas for men were employed during a politician’s election, the control group did not receive this information. This experiment was conducted in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. More than 1,000 party elites participated overall. Contrary to expectations, being framed as a “quota woman” only has a negative impact among elites of the radical right. In contrast with the center right, the radical right is opposed not only to quotas but to quota beneficiaries as well.
Gender Is Not a Proxy: Race and Intersectionality in Legislative Recruitment
Authors: Tolley Erin
Published: May 2022

Election to office is shaped by a series of decisions made by prospective candidates, parties, and voters. These choices determine who emerges and is ultimately selected to run, and each decision point either expands or limits the possibilities for more diverse representation. Studies of women candidates have established an important theoretical and empirical basis for understanding legislative recruitment. This study asks how these patterns differ when race and intersectionality are integrated into the analyses. Focusing on more than 800 political aspirants in Canada, I show that although white and racialized women aspire to political office at roughly the same rates, their experiences diverge at the point of party selection. White men remain the preferred candidates, and parties’ efforts to diversify politics have mostly benefited white women. I argue that a greater emphasis on the electoral trajectories of racialized women and men is needed.
Beziehungen „pflegen“
Authors: Hannawa Annegret
Published: May 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Kommunikation mit Patient_innen, Angehörigen und im klinischen Team ist aus dem pflegerischen Alltag nicht wegzudenken. Sie führt entweder zu Problemen oder zu pflegerischen Erfolgen.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Die Kommunikation wird häufig als die Vermittlung von Informationen missverstanden. Dieser Artikel veranschaulicht, wie diese fehlerhafte Gleichstellung gefährliche Auswirkungen haben kann.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Der Erkenntnisgewinn, dass Kommunikation nicht nur Informationen, sondern insbesondere auch Beziehungsarbeit umfasst, öffnet den Pflegeberufen eine ganz neue Dimension an Handlungsmöglichkeit.
Vertrauen unter der Lupe
Authors: Needham Ian
Published: May 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Vertrauen fördert und vereinfacht die Interaktion zwischen Entitäten (Staaten, Völkern, Gemeinschaften, Einrichtungen, Menschen und Tieren). Vertrauen in der Pflege ist wichtig beim Zustandekommen einer Beziehung mit Patient_innen und kann deren Linderung, Besserung oder Heilung fördern.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Die folgenden Aspekte des Vertrauens werden erörtert. Die Verzahnung von institutionellem und persönlichem Vertrauen, verschiedene Vertrauenserwartungen, einseitiges Vertrauen und Pflegen in Ermangelung einer hinreichen Vertrauensbasis.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Praxisauswirkungen werden zu allen Aspekten besprochen. Pflegefachpersonen werden ferner ermuntert, die von ihnen beeinflussbaren Einflussfaktoren auf die Vertrauensbildung stärker zu gewichten.
Erklärungsprinzip für Wirksamkeit pflegerischer Interventionen
Authors: Bauer Rüdiger
Published: May 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Eine Vielzahl von Forschung aus der Psychologie und der Medizin ist durch Publikationen bekannt, die den Zusammenhang von Beziehung und neurobiologischen Erkenntnissen verdeutlichen.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Für den psychiatrisch-pflegerischen Bereich entsteht eine neue Perspektive, weil die Erkenntnisse der neurobiologischen Forschung mit praktischen Instrumenten eingebracht werden und so die Anfänge einer „neuropsychiatrischen Pflege“ entstehen können.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Für eine Anwendung in der Praxis müsste man sich sehr viel neues Wissen aneignen, um dann die entwickelten Instrumente zu prüfen, weiterzuentwickeln und in der Praxis anzuwenden. Dadurch könnte ein neues Verständnis der Entstehung psychischer Störungen und der Wirksamkeit der pflegerischen Arbeit beschrieben werden.
Zurück mit einem guten Gefühl
Authors: Kettner Johanna
Published: May 2022

Das Konzept des Belastungserprobungscoaching (BEC) wurde auf der Somato-Psychiatrischen Station I11 der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie am Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität in München durchgeführt. Das Konzept wurde entwickelt, um die Patient_innen auf die Zeit zu Hause vorzubereiten und ihnen den Weg ins eigene Umfeld positiv und sicher zu gestalten. Dieses Coaching erfolgt durch individuelle Zielsetzung, Strukturplanung in Form einer psycho-edukativen, offenen, kontakt- und reflektionsorientierten pflegetherapeutischen Gruppe. Die Entwicklungsidee ergab sich aus den Bedürfnissen, Problemen und Wünschen der Patient_innen. Die auf drei Elemente gestützte theoretische Grundlage stellt das BEC Training auf eine solide professionelle Basis.
Gestärkt aus der Krise
Authors: Schnieders Georg
Published: May 2022

Seit zwei Jahren nimmt die Corona-Pandemie verzehrend Raum in unserem Leben und damit auch in unserer Arbeit ein. Wie lange reicht die Kraft bei psychiatrisch Pflegenden noch? Wo werden Ressourcen zur Arbeit mit psychisch Kranken greifbar? Wie müssen sich psychiatrische Krankenhäuser mit dem immer stärker werdenden Fachkräftemangel in der Pflege ausrichten und wo bleibt der Mensch als Pflegender im Alltag?
In Search of the Preference Reversal Zone
Authors: Glautier Steven , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Macaskill Anne
Published: May 2022

Abstract: A preference reversal is observed when a preference for a larger-later (LL) reward over a smaller-sooner (SS) reward reverses as both rewards come closer in time. Preference reversals are common in everyday life and in the laboratory and are often claimed to support hyperbolic delay-discounting models which, in their simplest form, can model reversals with only one free parameter. However, it is not clear if the temporal location of preference reversals can be predicted a priori. Studies testing model predictions have not found support for them, but they overlooked the well-documented effect of reinforcer magnitude on discounting rate. Therefore, we directly tested hyperbolic and exponential model predictions in a pre-registered study by assessing individual discount rates for two reinforcer magnitudes. We then made individualized predictions about pairs of choices between which preference reversals should occur. With 107 participants, we found (1) little evidence that hyperbolic and exponential models could predict the temporal location of preference reversals, (2) some evidence that hyperbolic models had better predictive performance than exponential models, and (3) in contrast to many previous studies, that exponential models generally produced superior fits to the observed data than hyperbolic models.
Million or Billion? Narrowing Down the Age of Mantle Processes in New Guinea
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: May 2022

Mantle rocks in Papua New Guinea contain curious geochemical signatures that scientists have traditionally interpreted as evidence of billions-year-old melting. New evidence suggests otherwise.
Can Targeted Source Information Be Extracted From Superimposed Magnetic Anomalies?
Authors: Zhu Dan , Hu Xiangyun , Liu Shuang , Li Hongwei , Zuo Boxin
Published: May 2022

Magnetic anomalies commonly contain anomalies generated by crustal rocks that have variable mineral compositions and natural remanent magnetizations. Recovery of magnetic parameters from superimposed magnetic anomaly sources is therefore important for mineral exploration and geological studies. Superposition of magnetic anomalies leads to nonnegligible errors of inversion and interpretation. Therefore, extraction of magnetic anomalies is essential for magnetic data processing; however, existing methods cannot extract magnetic anomalies caused by sources without substantial depth differences. A novel low‐rank method is proposed for extracting a target magnetic anomaly from a superimposed anomaly. The low‐rank feature of the magnetic anomaly is used to obtain the target anomaly by reducing the Schatten‐p norm of the superimposed anomaly according to the possible target source distribution. The target magnetic anomaly can then be extracted from the data generated by the source interference at the same or different depths. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified using synthetic modeling. Magnetization vector information for individual igneous rocks was recovered from extracted magnetic anomalies via 3‐D inversion of field data from Yeshan (eastern China) that contain complex magnetic anomaly superpositions. The distributions and lithologies of five buried igneous rocks, including basalt, diabase, and granodiorite, were then identified. The proposed method expands the problem of separating magnetic information from rocks in different layers with large depth differences to rocks within the same or other layers and recovers geometric and physical information for each targeted magnetic source from the superimposed anomaly.
Oxytocin as an adolescent treatment for methamphetamine addiction after early life stress in male and female rats
Authors: Baracz Sarah J. , Robinson Katherine J. , Wright Amanda L. , Turner Anita J. , McGregor Iain S. , Cornish Jennifer L. , Everett Nicholas A.
Published: May 2022

Early life stress (ELS) is associated with perturbed neural development and augmented vulnerability to mental health disorders, including addiction. How ELS changes the brain to increase addiction risk is poorly understood, and there are no therapies which target this ELS-induced vulnerability. ELS disrupts the oxytocin system, which can modulate addiction susceptibility, suggesting that targeting the oxytocin system may be therapeutic in this ELS-addiction comorbidity. Therefore, we determined whether adolescent oxytocin treatment after ELS could: (1) reduce vulnerability to anxiety, social deficits, and methamphetamine-taking and reinstatement; and (2) restore hypothalamic oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing factor expressing neurons and peripheral oxytocin and corticosterone levels. Long Evans pups underwent maternal separation (MS) for either 15 min or 360 min on postnatal days (PND) 1–21. During adolescence (PNDs 28–42), rats received a daily injection of either oxytocin or saline. In Experiment 1, adult rats were assessed using the elevated plus-maze, social interaction procedure, and methamphetamine self-administration procedure, including extinction, and cue-, methamphetamine- and yohimbine-induced reinstatement. In Experiment 2, plasma for enzyme immunoassays and brain tissue for immunofluorescence were collected from adult rats after acute stress exposure. Adolescent oxytocin treatment ameliorated ELS-induced anxiety and reduced methamphetamine- and yohimbine-induced reinstatement in both sexes, and suppressed methamphetamine intake and facilitated extinction in males only. Additionally, adolescent oxytocin treatment after ELS restored oxytocin-immunoreactive cells and stress-induced oxytocin levels in males, and attenuated stress-induced corticosterone levels in both sexes. Adolescent oxytocin treatment reverses some of the ELS effects on later-life psychopathology and vulnerability to addiction.
Optimization of dewatering process of concentrate pressure filtering by support vector regression
Authors: Liu Huizhong , You Keshun
Published: May 2022

This work studies the mechanism and optimization methods of the filter press dehydration process to better improve the efficiency of the concentrate filter press dehydration operation. Machine learning (ML) models of radial basis function (RBF)–OLS, RBF-generalized regression neural network, and support vector regression (SVR) are constructed, and laboratory and industrial simulations are performed separately, finally, optimization methods for the filtration dewatering process are designed and applied. In laboratory, all the machine learning models have obvious mistakes, but it can be seen that SVR has the best simulation effect. In order to achieve the optimization of the entire filtration and dewatering process, we obtained enough data from the industrial filtration and dewatering system, and in the industrial simulation results all the machine learning models performed considerably, SVR achieves the best accuracy in industrial simulation, and the simulated mean relative error of moisture and processing capacity are 1.57% and 3.81%, the model was tested with newly collected industrial data to verify the credibility. The optimal simulation results are obtained by optimization method based on control variables. Results show that the ML method of SVR and optimization methods of control variables applied to the industry not only can save energy consumption and cost but also can improves the efficiency of filter press operation fundamentally, which will provide some options for intelligent dewatering process and other industrial production optimization.
Chemical property prediction under experimental biases
Authors: Liu Yang , Kashima Hisashi
Published: May 2022

Predicting the chemical properties of compounds is crucial in discovering novel materials and drugs with specific desired characteristics. Recent significant advances in machine learning technologies have enabled automatic predictive modeling from past experimental data reported in the literature. However, these datasets are often biased because of various reasons, such as experimental plans and publication decisions, and the prediction models trained using such biased datasets often suffer from over-fitting to the biased distributions and perform poorly on subsequent uses. Hence, this study focused on mitigating bias in the experimental datasets. We adopted two techniques from causal inference combined with graph neural networks that can represent molecular structures. The experimental results in four possible bias scenarios indicated that the inverse propensity scoring-based method and the counter-factual regression-based method made solid improvements.
MRI-based nomogram for differentiation of ovarian fibrothecoma and broad ligament myoma
Authors: Chen Jingya , Gu Hailei , zhang Yu , Fan Weimin , Chen Shuai , Wang Yajing , Wu Ting , Tang Wenwei , Wang Zhongqiu
Published: May 2022

Currently, there are no effective approaches for differentiating ovarian fibrothecoma (OF) from broad ligament myoma (BLM). This retrospective study aimed to construct a nomogram prediction model based on MRI to differentiate OF from BLM. The quantitative and qualitative MRI features of 41 OFs and 51 BLMs were compared. Three models were established based on the combination of these features. The ability of the models to differentiate between the two cancers was assessed by ROC analysis. A nomogram based on the best model was constructed for clinical application. The three models showed good performance in differentiating between OF and BLM. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the models based on quantitative and qualitative variables were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79–0.96) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.93), respectively. The combined model designed from the significant variables exhibited the best diagnostic performance with the highest AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.98). Calibration of the nomogram showed that the predicted probability matched the actual probability well. Analysis of the decision curve demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Relative T1 value, stone paving sign, enhancement patterns, and ascites were identified as valuable predictors for identifying OF or BLM. The MRI-based nomogram can serve as a preoperative tool to differentiate OF from BLM.
CT-based radiomics signature for differentiation between cardiac tumors and thrombi: a retrospective, multicenter study
Authors: Lee Ji Won , Park Chul Hwan , Im Dong Jin , Lee Kye Ho , Kim Tae Hoon , Han Kyunghwa , Hur Jin
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to develop and validate whether the computed tomography (CT) radiomics analysis is effective in differentiating cardiac tumors and thrombi. For this retrospective study, a radiomics model was developed on the basis of a training dataset of 192 patients (61.9 ± 13.3 years, 90 men) with cardiac masses detected in cardiac CT from January 2010 to September 2019. We constructed three models for discriminating between a cardiac tumor and a thrombus: a radiomics model, a clinical model, which included clinical and conventional CT variables, and a model that combined clinical and radiomics models. In the training dataset, the radiomics model and the combined model yielded significantly higher differentiation performance between cardiac tumors and cardiac thrombi than the clinical model (AUC 0.973 vs 0.870, p < 0.001 and AUC 0.983 vs 0.870, p < 0.001, respectively). In the external validation dataset with 63 patients (59.8 ± 13.2 years, 26 men), the combined model yielded a larger AUC compared to the clinical model (AUC 0.911 vs 0.802, p = 0.037). CT radiomics analysis is effective in differentiating cardiac tumors and thrombi. In conclusion, the combination of clinical, conventional CT, and radiomics features demonstrated an additional benefit in differentiating between cardiac tumor and thrombi compared to clinical data and conventional CT features alone.
Encoding tasks moderated the reward effect on brain activity during memory retrieval
Authors: Ding Qianqian , Zhu Jinfu , Yan Chunping
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have explored the effects of retrieval reward and depth of processing in encoding on recognition, but it remains unclear whether and how reward and depth of processing during encoding influence recognition. We investigated the effect and neural mechanisms of encoding reward and processing depth on recognition using event-related potentials (ERPs) in this study. In the study phase, participants were asked to perform two encoding tasks: congruity-judgment (deep processing) and size-judgment (shallow processing) in reward and no-reward conditions. The test phases included object (item) and background (source) tests. The results of item retrieval showed that the accuracy of rewarded items was higher than that of unrewarded items only in the congruity-judgment task, and the reward effect (the average amplitudes in the reward condition were significantly more positive than those in the no-reward condition) in the 300–500 and 500–700 ms were greater in the congruity-judgment task than in the size-judgment task. The results of source retrieval showed that the accuracy of rewarded items was higher than that of unrewarded items, that the difference in the size-judgment task was significantly larger, and that the reward effect in the 300–500 and 500–700 ms were greater in the size-judgment task than in the congruity-judgment task. In conclusion, the encoding task moderated the reward effect in item and source memory.
Network pharmacology combined with GEO database identifying the mechanisms and molecular targets of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma on Peri-implants
Authors: Shan Chao , Ji Xiaowei , Wu Zeyu , Zhao Jin
Published: May 2022

Peri-implants is a chronic disease leads to the bone resorption and loss of implants. Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma (PCRER), a traditional Chinese herbal has been used to treat diseases of bone metabolism. However, its mechanism of anti-bone absorption still remains unknown. We aimed to identify its molecular target and the mechanism involved in PCRER potential treatment theory to Peri-implants by network pharmacology. The active ingredients of PCRER and potential disease-related targets were retrieved from TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, SEA databases and then combined with the Peri-implants disease differential genes obtained in the GEO microarray database. The crossed genes were used to protein–protein interaction (PPI) construction and Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. Using STRING database and Cytoscape plug-in to build protein interaction network and screen the hub genes and verified through molecular docking by AutoDock vina software. A total of 13 active compounds and 90 cross targets of PCRER were selected for analysis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the anti-Peri-implants targets of PCRER mainly play a role in the response in IL-17 signaling, Calcium signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway among others. And CytoHubba screened ten hub genes (MMP9, IL6, MPO, IL1B, SELL, IFNG, CXCL8, CXCL2, PTPRC, PECAM1). Finally, the molecular docking results indicated the good binding ability with active compounds and hub genes. PCRER’s core components are expected to be effective drugs to treat Peri-implants by anti-inflammation, promotes bone metabolism. Our study provides new thoughts into the development of natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of Peri-implants.
Silver-decorated MXene nanosheets as a radical initiator for polymerization and multifunctional hydrogels
Authors: Meng Jianqiang , Luo Jiasheng , Wang Hongyang , Quan Yongwang , Li Juan , Sun Xiaoyi
Published: May 2022

Silver nanoparticle-decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene (Ag/Ti3C2Tx) initiates radical polymerization and is further made into NIR-triggered shape-memory hydrogels.
Copper-catalyzed C2 alkenylation of pyridine-N-oxides with alkynes
Authors: Wang Shuxia , Sun Lei , Gao Minghui , Jiang Qin , Hu Weiming , Liu Yaya , Tao Chuanzhou
Published: May 2022

A general and expedient method to construct the scaffolds of 2-alkenylpyridines, through copper-catalyzed C2 alkenylation of pyridine-N-oxides with alkynes, has been disclosed.
A directly linked COF-like conjugated microporous polymer based on naphthalene diimides for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Weng Changyu , Li Xianglan , Yang Zhiwei , Long Haijun , Lu Chenyang , Dong Lichun , Zhao Shuo , Tan Luxi
Published: May 2022

A COF-like conjugated microporous polymer by a directly linked single bond for high performance super-capacitors.
Metal–organic framework functionalized poly-cyclodextrin membranes confining polyaniline for charge storage
Authors: Rajakumaran Ramachandran , Shen Cheng-Hui , Satilmis Bekir , Kung Chung-Wei
Published: May 2022

Metal–organic framework crystals were directly grown on poly-cyclodextrin fibrous membranes with an ultrahigh coverage.
A fast–slow method to treat solute dynamics in explicit solvent
Authors: Cong Yalong , Li Mengxin , Qi Yifei , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: May 2022

Aiming to reduce the computational cost in the current explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, this paper proposes a fast–slow method for the fast MD simulation of biomolecules in explicit solvent.