bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modificação e avaliação de gel de ácido fosfórico 35% com agente aromatizante
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Paula Rodrigues , Almeida Luiza Helena Silva de , Rodolfo Bruna , Plá Ana Laura De Oliveira , Pappen Fernanda G. , Moraes Rafael Ratto
Published: July 2019

Objetivos: O condicionamento da superfície dos tecidos dentários duros com ácido fosfórico 35% é normalmente utilizado para fornecer retenção micromecânica para adesivos odontológicos. Quando lavado da superfície, o ácido pode gerar gosto amargo e desagradável ao paladar do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da adição de um agente aromatizante à composição do gel de ácido fosfórico 35% e investigar se existe alteração de características fundamentais deste material, como sua capacidade de desmineralizar a superfície dentária. Métodos: Além de um grupo controle (sem flavorizante), foram testados grupos de ácido fosfórico 35% com a adição de 0,5% ou 3% do aromatizante (Aroma Abacaxi Pó; Bio Green Ingredients). Foram realizadas análises de viscosidade, estabilidade do pH e de desmineralização da superfície de esmalte condicionada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, além de teste de resistência de união ao esmalte por microcisalhamento. Resultados: Apesar dos grupos apresentarem pequenas diferenças entre si, nenhuma das alterações se mostrou significativa, exceto o aumento da viscosidade do gel contendo 3% do aromatizante. Conclusões: A adição de agente aromatizante ao gel condicionador de ácido fosfórico 35% parece ser alternativa viável para reduzir os problemas relacionados ao contato com o sabor desagradável do material, uma vez que não promoveu alteração negativa significativa nas características e comportamento do ácido.
Attitudes, Perceptions and Geo-Spatial Analysis of Water Quality and Individual Health Status in a High-Fracking Region
Authors: Stigler Granados Paula , Hildenbrand Zacariah L. , Mata Claudia , Habib Sabrina , Martin Misty , Carlton Jr. Doug , Santos Inês C. , Schug Kevin , Fulton Lawrence
Published: July 2019

The expansion of unconventional oil and gas development (UD) across the US continues to be at the center of debates regarding safety to health and the environment. This study evaluated the water quality of private water wells in the Eagle Ford Shale within the context of community members’ perceptions. Community members (n=75) were surveyed regarding health status and perceptions of drinking water quality. Water samples from respondent volunteers (n=19) were collected from private wells and tested for a variety of water quality parameters. Of the private wells sampled, 8 had exceedances of MCLs for drinking water standards. Geospatial descriptive analysis illustrates the distributions of the well exceedance as well as the well owners’ overall health status. Surveys showed that the majority of respondents received their water from a municipal source and were significantly more distrustful of their water source than of those on private wells. In many cases, there are statistically significant differences between self-reported, provider undiagnosed conditions and self-reported, provider diagnosed conditions. Attitudes and perceptions of water quality may play an important role in the overall perceived health status of community members in high fracking regions.
Determination of Acrylamide in Biscuits by High-Resolution Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry: Validation and Application
Authors: Fernandes Cristiana L. , Carvalho Daniel O. , Guido Luis F.
Published: July 2019

Acrylamide (AA), a molecule which potentially increases the risk of developing cancer, is easily formed in food rich in carbohydrates, such as biscuits, wafers and breakfast cereals, at temperatures above 120 °C. Thus, it is eminent the need to detect and quantify the AA content in processed foodstuffs, in order to delineate the limits and mitigation strategies. This work reports the development and validation of a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based methodology for identification and quantification of AA in specific food matrices of biscuits, by using LC-MSn with electrospray ionization and Orbitrap as mass analyser. The developed analytical method showed good repeatability (RSDr 11.1%) and 3.55 μg kg-1 and 11.8 μg kg-1 as limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively. The choice of multiplexed targeted-SIM mode (t-SIM) for AA and AA-d3 isolated ions provided enhanced detection sensitivity, as demonstrated in this work. Results for AA concentration obtained vary between 323.7 and 2056.1 μg kg-1. During baking an increase in AA concentration was observed, as well as between samples taken from different areas of the baking oven. Statistical processing of data was performed in order to compare the AA levels with several production parameters, such as time/cooking temperature, placement on the cooking conveyor belt, color and moisture for different biscuits. The composition of the raw materials was statistically the most correlated factor with the AA content when all samples are considered. The statistical treatment presented herein enables an important prediction of factors influencing AA formation in biscuits contributing for putting in place effective mitigation strategies.
Disproof of Twin Prime Conjecture
Authors: Wijesuriya K.H.K. Geerasee
Published: July 2019

A twin prime numbers are two prime numbers which have the difference of 2 exactly. In other words, twin primes is a pair of prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term twin prime is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative name for this is prime twin or prime pair. Up to date there is no any valid proof/disproof for twin prime conjecture. Through this research paper, my attempt is to provide a valid disproof for twin prime conjecture.
FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF JAWA (Studi Pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara)
Authors: Nurkholida Erna
Published: July 2019

Teaching in new civilization is more complicated than many years ago. On the one side teacher should prepare students’ skill to face their future, however teacher should also build students’ characters. The teacher’s task to develop those purposes is more complicated. One of the most current issues to deal with such phenomena is to ferret out the teaching strategy that is able to enhance the teachers’ ability as well as to reinforce their role in teaching by maximizing the use of heart, brain and sense. In response to such issues, this paper takes into account teaching by heart as a strategy and elaborates the theoretical review of teaching by heart for better understanding. Areas of potential future research regarding the impact of the development of inner value into pedagogical field also are highlighted.التعليم في الحضارة الجديدة أكثر تعقيدًا من سنوات عديدة مضت. في جانب واحد، يجب على المعلم إعداد مهارة الطلاب لمواجهة مستقبلهم، ولكن يجب على المعلم أيضًا بناء شخصيات الطلاب. مهمة المعلم لتطوير هذه الأغراض أكثر تعقيدًا. واحدة من أكثر القضايا الحالية للتعامل مع مثل هذه الظواهر هي الكشف عن استراتيجية التدريس القادرة على تعزيز قدرة المعلمين وكذلك لتعزيز دورهم في التدريس من خلال تعظيم استخدام القلب والدماغ والحس. استجابة لهذه القضايا، تأخذ هذه الورقة بعين الاعتبار التدريس عن ظهر قلب كاستراتيجية وتشرح المراجعة النظرية للتعليم بالقلب من أجل فهم أفضل. كما تم تسليط الضوء على مجالات الأبحاث المستقبلية المحتملة المتعلقة بتأثير تطور القيمة الداخلية في المجال التربوي.
Konsep Pendidikan Pluralisme Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur)
Authors: Anam Ahmad Muzakkil
Published: July 2019

Beragamnya agama yang ada di Indonesia merupakan aset kekayaan yang dimiliki bangsa Indonesia. Akan tetapi, beberapa dekade terakhir ini, banyak terjadi kekerasan-kekerasan yang mengatasnamakan agama. Agama yang seharusnya tampil dengan penuh kasih sayang, kini mulai menampakkan kekerasan. Kasus kekerasan atas nama agama tidak pernah berhenti terjadi di Indonesia. Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa pluralisme agama yang berarti menghormati perbedaan pemeluk agama yang ada dalam masyarakat sudah mulai memudar. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalaan ini adalah dengan mengembangkan konsep pendidikan pluralisme, dimana dengan pendidikan pluralisme ini setidaknya dapat meminimalisir potensi kekerasan-kekerasan atas nama agama tersebut. Pendidikan ini juga memerlukan adanya figur teladan yang memperjuangkan pluralisme. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) adalah salah satu tokoh yang mempunyai perhatian penuh pada pluralisme. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan memfokuskan pada perumusan konsep pendidikan pluralisme Gus Dur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan dokumentasi dan wawancara. Untuk analisis, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis wacana kritis (critical discourse analysis), yaitu pengkajian secara mendalam yang berusaha mengungkap kegiatan, pandangan, dan identitas berdasarkan bahasa yang digunakan dalam wacana.Hasil penelitian ini mendapati bahwa konsep pendidikan pluralisme Gus Dur memiliki konsep pendidikan adalah yang tidak terbatas. Ketidak-terbatasan ini melingkupi tiga aspek: Pertama, tidak terbatas pada materi atau informasi yang diperoleh dalam proses pendidikan, termasuk ketika materi itu sangat berbeda dengan keyakinan yang dimiliki; Kedua, tidak terbatas pada sumber informasi atau yang disebut pendidik dalam dunia pendidikan, terlepas dari pemahaman serta keyakinan yang ia miliki; Ketiga, tidak terbatas pada teks yang sudah ada, dengan kata lain pendidikan yang mendorong seseorang untuk selalu kritis terhadap apa yang telah tersaji, utamanya dalam bentuk teks.
Oil Recovery by Alkaline/Surfactant/Foam Flooding: Effect of Drive-Foam Quality on Oil-Bank Propagation
Authors: Janssen Martijn T. , Zitha Pacelli L. , Pilus Rashidah M.
Published: July 2019

Alkaline/surfactant/foam (ASF) flooding is a novel enhanced–oil–recovery (EOR) process that increases oil recovery over waterflooding by combining foaming with a decrease in the oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) by two to three orders of magnitude. We conducted an experimental study regarding the formation of an oil bank and its displacement by foam drives with foam qualities within the range of 57 to 97%. The experiments included bulk phase behavior tests using n–hexadecane and a single internal olefin sulfonate surfactant, and a series of computed–tomography (CT) –scanned coreflood experiments using Bentheimer Sandstone cores. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of drive–foam quality on oil–bank displacement. The surfactant formulation was found to lower the oil/water IFT by at least two orders of magnitude. Coreflood results, at under-optimum salinity conditions yielding an oil/water IFT on the order of 10–1 mN/m, showed similar ultimate–oil–recovery factors for the range of drive–foam qualities studied. A more distinct frontal oil–bank displacement was observed at lower drive–foam qualities investigated, yielding an increased oil–production rate. The findings in this study suggested that dispersive characteristics at the leading edge of the generated oil bank in this work were strongly related to the surfactant slug size used, the lowest drive–foam quality assessed yielded the highest apparent foam viscosity (and, thus, the most stable oil–bank displacement), and drive–foam strength increased upon touching the oil bank when using drive–foam qualities of 57 and 77%.
Microemulsion Effects on Oil Recovery From Kerogen Using Molecular-Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Bui Khoa , Yucel Akkutlu I.. , Zelenev Andrei S. , Hill W. A. , Griman Christian , Boudreaux Trudy C. , Silas James A.
Published: July 2019

Source rocks contain significant volumes of hydrocarbon fluids trapped in kerogen, but effective recovery is challenged because of amplified fluid/wall interactions and the nanopore–confinement effect on the hydrocarbon–fluid composition. Enhanced oil production can be achieved by modifying the existing molecular forces in a kerogen pore network using custom–designed targeted–chemistry technologies. The objective of this paper is to show that the maturation of kerogen during catagenesis relates to the qualities of the kerogen pore network, such as pore size, shape, and connectivity, and plays an important role in the recovery of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, using molecular–dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated how the transport of hydrocarbons in kerogen and hydrocarbon recovery can be altered with the delivery of microemulsion and surfactant micelles into the pore network.

New 3D kerogen models are presented using atomistic modeling and molecular simulations. These models possess important chemical and physical characteristics of the organic matter of the source rock. A replica of Type II kerogen representative of the source rocks in the Permian Basin in the US is used for the subsequent recovery simulations. Oil–saturated kerogen is modeled as consisting of nine different types of molecules: dimethyl naphthalene, toluene, tetradecane, decane, octane, butane, propane, ethane, and methane. The delivered microemulsion is an aqueous dispersion of solvent–swollen surfactant micelles. The solvent and nonionic surfactant present in the microemulsion are modeled as d–limonene and dodecanol heptaethyl ether (C12E7), respectively. MD simulation experiments include two stages: injection of an aqueous–phase microemulsion treatment fluid into the oil–saturated kerogen pore network, and transient flowback of the fluids in the pore network. The used 3D kerogen models were developed using a representative oil–sample composition (hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen) from the region. Simulation results show that microemulsions affect the reservoir by means of two different mechanisms. First, during the injection, microemulsion droplets possess elastic properties that allow them to squeeze through inorganic pores smaller than the droplet's own diameter and to adsorb at the kerogen surfaces. The solvent dissolves in the oil phase and alters the physical and transport properties of the phase. Second, the surfactant molecules modify the wettability of the solid kerogen surfaces. Consequently, the recovery effectiveness of heavier oil fractions is improved compared with the recovery effectiveness achieved with surfactant micelles without the solubilized solvent.

The results indicate that solubilized solvent and surfactant can be effectively delivered into organic–rich nanoporous formations as part of a microemulsion droplet and aid in the mobilization of the kerogen oil.
Quantification of the Viscoelastic Effects During Polymer Flooding: A Critical Review
Authors: Azad M. S. , Trivedi J. J.
Published: July 2019

Since the late 1960s, several enhanced–oil–recovery (EOR) researchers have developed various continuum and pore–scale viscoelastic models for quantifying the altered injectivity and incremental oil recovery because of the polymer's viscoelastic effects. In this paper, limitations in each of the continuum and pore–scale models are discussed. The critiques are made on the basis of the contradicting literature.

Most of the earlier models rely on the exclusive use of the Deborah number to quantify the viscoelastic effects. The Deborah number overlooks mechanical–degradation effects. There exists a large difference in the magnitudes of the reported Deborah number in the literature because of the inconsistency in using different relaxation time and residential time. Oscillatory relaxation time used by most of the EOR researchers to calculate the Deborah number failed to distinguish the different porous–media behavior of the viscous and viscoelastic polymer. Therefore, the accuracy of relaxation time obtained from the weak oscillatory field for EOR applications in porous media is questionable. The main limitation with all the existing continuum viscoelastic models is the empirical reliance on coreflood data to predict the shear–thickening effects in porous media. The strain hardening index, needed for quantifying the thickening regime, cannot be obtained by the conventional shear rheological techniques. The conventional capillary number (Nc) failed to explain the reduction in residual oil saturation (Sor) during viscoelastic polymer flooding. Pore–scale viscoelastic models use the conventional oscillatory Deborah number for quantifying the polymer's viscoelastic effects on Sor reduction. However, this approach has many drawbacks.

Discussions on the shortcomings of the existing viscoelastic models caution the current chemical EOR (cEOR) researchers about their applications and potential consequences. Also, this research provides a path forward for future research to address the limitations associated with the quantification of viscoelastic flow through porous media.
Association Between Configuration of Basilar Artery and Vessel Wall Features: A Prospective High-resolution MR imagine Study
Authors: Xu Ziqi , Li Mingyao , Hou Zhikai , Lyu Jinhao , Zhang Na , Lou Xin , Miao Zhongrong , Ma Ning
Published: July 2019

Background

We aimed to investigate the relationship between distal and proximal anatomical configurations of basilar artery (BA) and vessel wall features on high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI).

Methods

From September 2014 to January 2017, patients with suspected symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis underwent HRMRI. Patients with severe BA stenosis were enrolled. Configurations of BA were divided complete and incomplete groups based on with or without bilateral vertebral arties and posterior cerebral arteries. Culprit vessel wall features on HRMRI included enhancement grade, intraplaque hemorrhage, remodeling patterns, and plaque distribution. Culprit vessel wall features were compared between complete and incomplete groups.

Results

Among the 298 consecutively enrolled patients, 34 consecutive patients had severe BA stenosis. Seventeen patients had complete configuration and 14 patients with incomplete configuration. There were no statistics difference in vessel wall features between complete and incomplete groups configuration groups. The proximal configuration of BA was associated with intraplaque hemorrhage(p=0.002) and the distal configuration of BA correlated with strong enhancement of BA plaque(p=0.041).

Conclusions

The complete and incomplete groups configuration of BA did not associate with vessel wall features. The proximal configuration of BA was related with intraplaque hemorrhage and the distal configuration of BA was associated with strong plaque enhancement. These findings are continuously needed to confirmed in future studies.
Intention to leave and associated factors among laboratory professionals working in Amhara National Regional State public hospitals, Ethiopia: institutional based cross-sectional study
Authors: Dellie Endalkachew , Andargie Gashaw , Asrade Geta , Gebremedhin Tsegaye
Published: July 2019

Objective

laboratory professionals play a vital role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Therefore, it is important to get a deeper knowledge of workplace variables that either motivates laboratory staffs to remain employed or lead them to leave their current jobs. Thus, this study aimed to assess intention to leave and associated factors among laboratory professionals working in public hospitals of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.

Results

A total of 220 (65.5%) with 95% CI: 60-70 laboratory professionals had the intention to leave their hospitals. Dissatisfaction with educational opportunity (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.61-7.99), pay and benefit (AOR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.53-9.89), recognition (AOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.35-5.38), working environment (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.45-3.30), high workload (AOR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.04-3.63), low affective commitment (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.10-3.82) and being unmarried (AOR:2.46, 95% CI: 1.32-4.58) were the factors significantly associated with intention to leave. The magnitude of laboratory professionals’ intention to leave was found to be high. Health care policymakers and hospital managers need to develop and institutionalize evidence-based retention strategies to reduce the intention of laboratory professionals to leave.
Proportion of neonatal sepsis and determinant factors among neonates admitted in University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital neonatal Intensive care unit Northwest Ethiopia 2017
Authors: Yismaw Ayenew Engida , Abebil Tirngo Yihunie , Biweta Mulunesh Abuhay , Araya Bilen Mekonnen
Published: July 2019

Objective

Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes for neonatal hospitalization in developing countries. It is also a major cause of mortality in the world affecting both developed and developing countries. Diagnosis and management of sepsis are a great challenge facing neonatologists in neonatal intensive care units due to nonspecific signs and symptoms. This study, therefore, was aimed to determine proportion and risk factors of neonatal sepsis at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, North West Ethiopia.

Result

Proportion of neonatal sepsis was 11.7%. Factors significantly associated with neonatal sepsis were: Neonatal related factors were: Premature rupture of membrane (AOR=2.74; 95%Cl (1.39, 5.38), congenital anomaly (AOR=3.14; 95%CI (1.09, 10.28), and low Apgar score (AOR=2.69; 95%Cl (1.37, 5.26). Maternal factors were: foul smelling vaginal discharge (AOR=2.75; 95%Cl (1.40, 5.38), and Intrapartum fever (AOR=3.35; 95%Cl (1.7, 6.62).

In this finding proportion of Neonatal sepsis was low. Measures targeting the prevention of premature rupture of membranes and low Apgar score need to be taken, like strengthening maternal birth preparedness and complication readiness plans. Also, identification of congenital anomalies earlier in pregnancy may decrease neonatal sepsis.
Validity and Reliability of a Hausa Language Questionnaire Assessing Information, Motivation and Behavioural Skills for Malaria Prevention during Pregnancy
Authors: BALAMI AHMED DAHIRU , Said Salmiah Muhammad , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Muhammad , Norsa’adah Bachok , Audu Bala Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Background

Many studies on malaria knowledge, attitude and practice among pregnant have been conducted in Hausa speaking communities in Nigeria. Despite this, no standard and uniform instrument for assessing this important public health problem has been developed in the Hausa language, even though it is widely spoken. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire in Hausa language assessing information, motivation, and behavioural skills for malaria prevention during pregnancy.

Methods

The questionnaire was first developed in English language, and then assessed for its contents by a team of experts. It was then forwardly translated to Hausa, and backwardly translated again to English by independent language experts. These two English versions were then compared by a Public Health expert, following which the questionnaire was administered to 190 Hausa speaking antenatal care attendees. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the data collected. Sixty three out of the 190 respondents were invited after two weeks to answer the same questionnaire, following which reliability tests were performed.

Results

The questionnaire showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.859, 0.890 and 0.773 for information, motivation and behavioural skills constructs respectively. The motivation and behavioural skills constructs were able to delineate their items into three and two sub-sections respectively. The factor loadings for the two constructs ranged from 0.610 to 0.965. As for test retest reliability, the Krippendorff’s alpha values for the items of the motivation section ranged from 0.941 to 0.996; that for behavioural skills ranged from 0.810 to 0.953, while for frequency of ITN use, it was 0.988. The Cohen’s kappa values for the information section ranged from 0.689-0.974, except the item for ‘fever’ (zazzabi) which was 0.382, and was as such reworded to a simpler terminology ‘hotness of the body’ (zafin jiki).

Conclusions

The Hausa language IMB questionnaire on malaria in pregnancy demonstrated good validity, and a high level of reliability. It is as such recommended for use among Hausa speaking communities to ensure uniformity and objectivity.
Lessons learned from engaging communities for Ebola vaccine trials in Sierra Leone: Reciprocity, reliability, relationships and respect (The Four R’s)
Authors: Dada Sara , McKay Gillian , Mateus Ana L. , Lees Shelley
Published: July 2019

Background

Building trust and engaging the community are important for biomedical trials. This was core to the set up and delivery of the EBOVAC-Salone and PREVAC Ebola vaccine trials in Sierra Leone during and following the 2014-2016 West African Ebola epidemic. Local community liaison teams (CLT) engaged with the community through public meetings, radio chat shows, and other activities, while a social science team (SST) assessed community members’ and participants’ perceptions and regularly updated the clinical team to adapt procedures to improve the acceptability and compliance of the trial. The objective of this study was to examine the community engagement (CE) program in these trials and to identify potential barriers and facilitators.

Methods

Fifteen CLT and SST members participated in in-depth interviews and 23 community members attended three focus groups to discuss the Ebola vaccine trials and their experiences and perspectives of the CE activities.

Results

A key aim of the CE program was to build trust between the community and the trial. Four main principles (the “four R’s”) evolved from the discussions with team members and the community that influenced this trust: reciprocity, relatability, relationships and respect. The CLT and SST ensured reciprocal communication between the trial and the community. The CLT delivered key messages from the trial, whilst the SST completed ethnographic research in the field to uncover rumors and perceptions of the trial in the community. These ethnographic findings were shared with the CLT and addressed in targeted messaging to the community. Both the CLT and SST approached the communities in an egalitarian manner, by dressing modestly, speaking local dialects, and using relatable examples. Appreciation and understanding of the importance of interpersonal relationships and respect for the people, their customs, and traditions also played a large role in the CE program.

Conclusion

These findings provide an in-depth understanding of how interdisciplinary community liaison and social science teams can work with a clinical team to strengthen trust. The four R’s suggest the ways in which trust relations are central to CE and confidence in vaccine trials, and could offer an approach to CE in vaccine trials.
Fatty acid accumulation analysis based on transcriptome sequencing of developmental herbaceous peony ‘Hangshao’ ( Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’) seeds
Authors: Meng Jiasong , Tang Yuhan , Sun Jing , Tao Jun
Published: July 2019

Background: Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ is widely cultivated in China because its root can be used to produce raw materials for traditional Chinese medicine ‘Radix Paeoniae Alba’. Due to the presence of abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed, it also can be regarded as a new oil plant. However, the process of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in herbaceous peony ‘Hangshao’ remained largely unknown. Therefore, transcriptome analysis is helpful to better understand the molecular mechanisms.
Results: Five main fatty acids, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, were detected, and their absolute contents increased first and then decreased during seed development. A total of 150,156 Unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, with an average length of 1,030 bp. There were 1,550 Unigenes annotated in the seven functional databases including NR, NT, GO, KOG, KEGG, SwissProt and InterPro. Based on KEGG database, 1,766 Unigenes were annotated in the lipid metabolic pathways, among which 103, 74 and 70 Unigenes are annotated into fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, fatty acid elongation pathway and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway; respectively. A total of 1480 DEGs were detected. Among them, 83 DEGs were enriched in the fatty acid metabolism pathway, including 12 DEGs involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis and 1 DEG involved in fatty acid elongation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of nine fatty acid biosynthetic related genes including FBCP, BC, FabD, FabF, FATB, KCR, FAD2, FAD3 and FAD7, and it showed that they all highest expressed at 45 DAF.
Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources characterizing herbaceous peony seeds gene expression at the transcriptional level. These data lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of the lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid accumulation for herbaceous peony 'Hangshao'.
Diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice computed tomography in Children with Abernethy malformation
Authors: Guo Chen , Zhong Yumin , Wang Qian , Hu Liwei , Gu Xiaohong , Shao Hong , Wu Wei , Cao Jianfeng , Qiu Haisheng
Published: July 2019

Background：The purpose of this study was to demonstrate manifestations of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in Abernethy malformation and its diagnostic accuracy.
Methods：Fourteen children with Abernethy malformation were admitted to our center in China between July 2011 and January 2018. All 14 patients (eight males and six females) received MSCT and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) while eight patients also received ultrasound. The patients’ age ranged from 1 to 14 (median age 8 years old). The clinical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. MSCT raw data were transferred to an Advantage Windows 4.2 or 4.6 workstation (General Electric Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI). We compared the findings of MSCT with DSA and surgical results in order to ascertain diagnostic accuracy.
Results：Three cases had type Ib Abernethy malformation and eleven cases had type II. Two cases of type II Abernethy malformation were misdiagnosed as type Ib using MSCT. Clinical information included congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, abnormal liver function, hepatic nodules, elevated blood ammonia, and hepatic encephalopathy. Comparing the findings of MSCT with DSA and surgical results, the accuracy of MSCT was 85.7% (12/14), in which 100.0% were type Ib and 81.8% were type II.
Conclusion：MSCT attains excellent capability in diagnosing type II Abernethy malformation and further shows the location of the portacaval shunt. DSA can help when it is hard to determine diagnosis between Abernethy type Ib and II using MSCT.

Key words: Abernethy malformation; Angiograph; Tomography
Involvement of SLC39A6 in gastric adenocarcinoma and correlation of the SLC39A6 polymorphism rs1050631 with clinical outcomes after resection
Authors: Gao Jian , Ren Wenjun , Xiao Chunhong , Wang Lie , Huang Qiaojia , Zhang Zaizhong , Dang Yuan , Weng Pengcheng , Wang Hui , Fang Xuehong , Zhuang Minxian , Lin Liying , Chen shaoquan
Published: July 2019

The single-nucleotide polymorphism SLC39A6 rs1050631 is strongly implicated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, leading us to question whether it may also play a role in gastric adenocarcima (GA). We genotyped the SLC39A6 rs1050631 in 512 patients who underwent GA resection. All study subjects lived in an area of China with high GA incidence. Genotypes were examined for possible correlation with survival and recurrence. The potential involvement of SLC39A6 in gastric cancer was explored in clinical samples and cell culture studies. Multivariable analysis showed that patients with the CT+TT genotype at SLC39A6 rs1050631 were at greater risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, HR 1.387, p = 0.004) and death (HR 1.429, p =0.002) than patients with CC genotype. Median recurrence-free and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with the CT+TT genotype (20, 27 months) than in patients with the CC genotype (36, 43 months, p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Patients with the CT+TT genotype who were male or ≥60 years, or who had a tumor ≥ 5 cm or a moderately differentiated tumor were at significantly higher risk of recurrence and death. SLC39A6 was overexpressed in tissues from GA patients and in GA cell lines, and SLC39A6 knockdown in GA cell lines inhibited their proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, SLC39A6 rs1050631 correlates with post-resection prognosis of GA patients and SLC39A6 may participate in GA onset or progression.
SURİYE KAYNAKLI GÖÇ EKSENİNDE TÜRK GÖÇ MEVZUATININ TARİHSEL AÇIDAN YENİDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ABACI YILDIZ Cansu
Published: July 2019

Türkiye coğrafi konumu nedeniyle Doğudan Batıya olan göçün güzergahı üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle de tarihin çeşitli zamanlarında göç akınlarına maruz kalmış ve kalmaya da devam etmektedir. Göçün sürekliliği ve evrenselliği ayrıca Türkiye’nin coğrafi konumu konunun yasal düzlemde ve ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Türkiye ilk göç akınını Yunanistan’la olan mübadele anlaşması sonrasında almıştır ve göç politikalarına ilişkin ilk mevzuat 1926 yılında düzenlenmiş ve yıllar içerisinde genişletilmiştir. Ancak göçün sürekliliği daha kapsamlı yasaların çıkarılmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Türkiye’nin Cenevre Anlaşması’nı imzalarken coğrafi sınırlama koyması uluslararası anlamda terim farklılıklarına neden olmuştur. 2005 yılında başlayan AB uyum süreci çerçevesinde dağınık halde bulunan mevzuatın toplanması ve sınır güvenliğinin sağlanması için çalışmalar başlamıştır. 2013 yılında Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanununun çıkarılmasına kadar Türkiye’nin göç politikaları kısaca dağınık ve yetersiz kalmıştır.  Bu çalışma, 2011’den sonra Ortadoğu’da başlayan ayaklanmaların Suriye’de yarattığı siyasi kaosun Türkiye’de yasal anlamda neleri değiştirdiği üzerinedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin göç politikaları konusundaki geçmiş ve güncel mevzuatlar incelenecek ve Türkiye’nin karşılaştığı en büyük kitlesel göç karşısında hukukun ne denli yeterli kaldığı ve AB yolundaki Türkiye’nin göç politikalarının ne denli ihtiyaçları karşıladığı tartışılacaktır.
KADINLARDA SUÇ KORKUSUNUN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: KUZEY KIBRIS ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Mualla , İÇLİ Tülin
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmada Kuzey
Kıbrıs’ta yaşayan kadınların suç korkularının yaş, eğitim durumu, gelir durumu,
medeni durum, yaşanan bölge gibi çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi
hedeflenmiştir. Bu değişkenlerin yanında, kadınların suç korkusunu tetitklediği
varsayılan mağduriyet modeli ile düzensizlik modelinin etkileri de
değerlendirilmiştir.  Araştırmacı
tarafından geliştirilen soru formu, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nin (KKTC)
beş bölgesi olan Lefkoşa, Girne, Gazimağusa, Güzelyurt ve İskele’de yaşayan 18
yaş üstü KKTC vatandaşı 366 kadına uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular
değerlendirildiğinde, Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta yaşayan kadınların suç korku düzeyi 75
üzerinden 35 çıkarken, suç korkusunu en yüksek seviyede yaşayan kadınların
Lefkoşa ve Gazimağusa bölgelerinde ikamet ettiği gözlenmiştir. Düzensizlik
modeline göre en yoğun fiziki ve sosyal düzensizlik unsurlarının bu iki bölgede
yer aldığı ve bunun kadınların suç korkusunu artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Araştırmada kullanılan bir diğer model olan mağduriyet modelinin Kuzey
Kıbrıs’ta yaşayan kadınların suç korkularını artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı
belirlenmiştir. Yaş, eğitim durumu ve medeni durumun suç korkusunu artırıcı bir
etkiye sahip olmadığı görülürken, gelir durumu ve yaşanan bölgenin Kuzey
Kıbrıs’taki kadınların suç korkusunun açıklanmasında önemli bir etki yarattığı
gözlenmiştir.
Analysis of adaptation processes in the educational environment of students with disabilities of junior courses
Authors: Kokhan Sergei Tikhonovich , Simonova Valeriia Olegovna
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the existing problems associated with the adaptation of first-year students with disabilities, who have profound impairments of body function (totally blind, deaf, and lesions of the musculoskeletal system) in the educational process at the university. Cause-and-effect relationships were established in the existing difficulties of relationships with classmates, which depend both on the student and on the psychosocial climate in the group.
Evaluation and perfection of workforce quality on the example of train host experience
Authors: Mainagashev Roman Vasilevich
Published: July 2019

In this article, the author reviews the methods of evaluation and perfection of workforce quality, based on the example of train host experience.
Anti-VEGF Treatment and Response in Age-related Macular Degeneration: Disease’s Susceptibility, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Maroñas Olalla , García-Quintanilla Laura , Luaces-Rodríguez Andrea , Fernández-Ferreiro Anxo , Latorre-Pellicer Ana , Abraldes Maximino J. , Lamas María J. , Carracedo Angel
Published: July 2019

:

The current review is focussing different factors that contribute and directly correlate to the
onset and progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). In particular, the susceptibility to
AMD due to genetic and non-genetic factors and the establishment of risk scores, based on the analysis
of different genes to measure the risk of developing the disease. A correlation with the actual therapeutic
landscape to treat AMD patients from the point of view of pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics
is also exposed. Treatments commonly used, as well as different regimes of administration, will be
especially important in trying to classify individuals as “responders” and “non-responders”. Analysis of
different genes correlated with drug response and also the emerging field of microRNAs (miRNAs) as
possible biomarkers for early AMD detection and response will be also reviewed.

:

This article aims to provide the reader a review of different publications correlated with AMD from the
molecular and kinetic point of view as well as its commonly used treatments, major pitfalls and future
directions that, to our knowledge, could be interesting to assess and follow in order to develop a personalized
medicine model for AMD.
Inflammation as the Common Biological Link Between Depression and Cardiovascular Diseases: Can Carnosine Exert a Protective Role?
Authors: Caruso Giuseppe , Fresta Claudia G. , Grasso Margherita , Santangelo Rosa , Lazzarino Giuseppe , Lunte Susan M. , Caraci Filippo
Published: July 2019

:

Several epidemiological studies have clearly shown the high co-morbidity between depression and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Different studies have been conducted to identify the common pathophysiological events of these diseases such as the overactivation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis and, most importantly, the dysregulation of immune system which causes a chronic pro-inflammatory status. The biological link between depression, inflammation, and CVD can be related to high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, released by macrophages which play a central role in the pathophysiology of both depression and CVD. Pro-inflammatory cytokines interfere with many of the pathophysiological mechanisms relevant to depression by upregulating the rate-limiting enzymes in the metabolic pathway of tryptophan and altering serotonin metabolism. These cytokines also increase the risk to develop CVD, because activation of macrophages under this pro-inflammatory status is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, a preamble to atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis.

:

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenous dipeptide which exerts a strong antiinflammatory activity on macrophages by suppressing reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokines production and altering pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. This dipeptide exhibits antioxidant properties scavenging reactive species and preventing oxidative stress-induced pathologies such as CVD.

:

In the present review we will discuss the role of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation as common pathophysiological events both in depression and CVD and the preclinical and clinical evidence on the protective effect of carnosine in both diseases as well as the therapeutic potential of this dipeptide in depressed patients with a high co-morbidity of cardiovascular diseases.
Genetic Markers of the Host to Predict the Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: De Mattia Elena , Bignucolo Alessia , Toffoli Giuseppe , Cecchin Erika
Published: July 2019

The introduction of anti-EGFR (cetuximab and panitumumab) and antiangiogenic (bevacizumab,
regorafeninb, ramucirumab, and aflibercept) agents in the therapeutic armamentarium of the
metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy and patients
survival. However, despite the great improvements achieved in the patients life expectation, the high
inter-individual heterogeneity in the response to the targeted agents still represent an issue for the
management of advanced CRC patients. Even if the role of tumor genetic mutations as predictive
markers of drug efficacy has been well-established, the contribution of the host genetic markers is
still controversial. Promising results regard the germ-line immune-profile, inflammation and tumor
microenvironment. Inherent variations in KRAS 3’UTR region as well as EGF/ EGFR genes were
investigated as markers of cetuximab effectiveness. More recently interesting data in the field of anti-
EGFR agents were generated also for germ-line variants in genes involved in inflammation (e.g.
COX-2, LIFR, IGF1 signaling), immune system (e.g., FCGRs, IL-1RA), and other players of the RAS
signaling, including the Hippo pathway related genes (e.g. Rassf, YAP, TAZ). Host genetic variants in
VEGF-dependent (i.e., EGF, IGF-1, HIF1α, eNOS, iNOS) and -independent (i.e., EMT cascade,
EGFL7) pathways, with specific attention on inflammation and immune system-related factors (e.g.,
IL-8, CXCR-1/2, CXCR4-CXCL12 axis, TLRs, GADD34, PPP1R15A, ANXA11, MKNK1), were investigated
as predictive markers of bevacizumab outcome, generating some promising results. In this
review, we aimed to summarize the most recent literature data regarding the potential role of common
and rare inhered variants in predicting which CRC patients will benefit more from a specifically
targeted drug administration.
Serial Quantification of Urinary Protein Biomarkers to Predict Drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Da Yi , Akalya K. , Murali Tanusya , Vathsala Anantharaman , Tan Chuen-Seng , Low Sanmay , Lim Hui-Ning , Teo Boon-Wee , Lau Titus , Ong Lizhen , Chua Horng-Ruey
Published: July 2019

Background: :

Drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) develops in 10-15% of patients who receive nephrotoxic medications. Urinary biomarkers of renal tubular dysfunction may detect nephrotoxicity early and predict AKI.

Methods::

We prospectively studied patients who received aminoglycosides, vancomycin, amphotericin, or calcineurin inhibitors, and collected their serial urine while on therapy. Patients who developed drug-induced AKI (fulfilling KDIGO criteria) were matched with non-AKI controls in a 1:2 ratio. Their urine samples were batch-analyzed at time-intervals leading up to AKI onset; the latter benchmarked against the final day of nephrotoxic therapy in non- AKI controls. Biomarkers examined include clusterin, beta-2-microglobulin, KIM1, MCP1, cystatin-C, trefoil-factor- 3, NGAL, interleukin-18, GST-Pi, calbindin, and osteopontin; biomarkers were normalized with corresponding urine creatinine.

Results::

Nine of 84 (11%) patients developed drug-induced AKI. Biomarkers from 7 AKI cases with pre-AKI samples were compared with those from 14 non-AKI controls. Corresponding mean ages were 55(±17) and 52(±16) years; baseline eGFR were 99(±21) and 101(±24) mL/min/1.73m2 (all p=NS). Most biomarker levels peaked before the onset of AKI. Median levels of 5 biomarkers were significantly higher in AKI cases than controls at 1-3 days before AKI onset (all µg/mmol): clusterin [58(8-411) versus 7(3-17)], beta-2-microglobulin [1632(913-3823) versus 253(61-791)], KIM1 [0.16(0.13-0.76) versus 0.07(0.05-0.15)], MCP1 [0.40(0.16-1.90) versus 0.07(0.04-0.17)], and cystatin-C [33(27-2990) versus 11(7-19)], all p<0.05; their AUROC for AKI prediction were >0.80 (confidence intervals >0.50), with average accuracy highest for clusterin (86%), followed by beta-2-microglobulin, cystatin-C, MCP1, and KIM1 (57%) after cross-validation.

Conclusion: :

Serial surveillance of these biomarkers could improve the lead time for nephrotoxicity detection by days.
Anticancer Potential of Pulicaria crispa Extract on Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells
Authors: Barnawi Ibrahim Omar , Ali Imran
Published: July 2019

Background:

Breast cancer is the common cause of deaths among women globally with 15% mortality globally.

Introduction:

Today, about 80% of the rural population depends on natural products as primary health care. Pulicaria crispa (L., family Compositae) is utilized in traditional medicine for curing colds, coughs, colic, and excessive sweating and as a carminative.

Methods:

The extracts of Pulicaria crispa; grown in Saudi Arabia; were assessed to measure the cytotoxicity with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Soxhlet extraction was utilized for stem, leaves and flower with 70% ethanol. The cytotoxicity of the extracts with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays.

Results:

The apoptotic cellular morphological alterations were detected by fluorescence microscopes. The results indicated that Pulicaria crispa exhibited a strong anticancer activity with a halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 180 µg/mL against breast cancer cells. The loss in cell integrity, shrinkage of cytoplasm, and cell detachment were seen in the extract treated with MDAMB- 231 cells. The cell death was due to membrane destruction.

Conclusion:

Pulicaria crispa extracts indicated significant cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). The extract of this plant may be given to the patients having breast cancer.
Evaluation of Terpene Variability in the Volatile Oils from Zingiber officinale using Chemometrics
Authors: Jahiddin Farah S.A. , Low Kah Hin
Published: July 2019

Background:

Ginger oil poses various pharmacological properties corresponding to its
terpene composition which depends upon the preparation method along with the sample variety.

Objecive:

This work aims to explore the variability in the derived oil associated with the hydrodistillation
settings i.e. sample freshness/dryness, size reduction process, and heating duration using
chemometric approaches.

Methods:

The extraction process was evaluated with a two-level full factorial design where the volatile
oils were hydrodistillated and characterized by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. The
multivariate dataset ascertained was further explored with principal component analysis.

Results:

According to the outcomes from the design, the yield could be quantitatively improved by
using fresh sample, with reduced particle thickness and longer extraction cycle. The clastering patterns
from principal component analysis revealed the domination of monoterpenes in the extracts
from fresh samples; sesquiterpenes in the grated samples; whereas heating duration demonstrated antagonistic
effect between monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest the importance of experimental conditions in driving the yield
and quality of ginger extracts according to the requirement of the industries.