bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology of project-based teaching of linguists in the course “Russian language and speech culture”
Authors: Timoshenko Tatyana Evgenievna , Shtukareva Elena Borisovna
Published: September 2023

The research aims to summarise the practical experience of organising group project activities for the students of the National University of Science and Technology MISIS pursuing a degree in training programme 45.03.02 Linguistics (the programme specialisations “Translation and translation studies” and “Theory and methodology of teaching foreign languages and cultures”) in the course “Russian language and speech culture”. The researchers discuss the notion of “project-based technology”, provide their own definition for the notion of “information research project”, propose an algorithm for the implementation of two information research projects aimed at studying the theoretical foundations of functional stylistics and forming the skills of stylistic text analysis, “Functional styles of speech” and “Analysis of the grammatical language means used in the scientific style”, describe the criteria for evaluating the projects, present the results of the students’ reflection on the outcomes of the projects. The scientific novelty lies in developing a step-by-step implementation of project-based teaching technology and formulating the criteria for evaluating the projects completed by the students within the framework of the academic discipline “Russian language and speech culture”. As a result, the effectiveness of using project-based technology in the above-mentioned training course was demonstrated.
Factor and Influential Variables Affecting Maintenance Cost ofUrban Rail Rolling Stock
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Mohamad Idris Mohd Firdaus , Saad Nor Hayati ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Yahaya Mohamad Irwan ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Wan Mohamed Wan Mazlina ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shuib Adibah ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Mohamed Amin Ahmad Nizam ,   Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad
Published: September 2023

It is a known fact that the cost of maintaining rolling stock is huge due to its higher acquisition cost and maintenance activityneeded to sustain itsreliability, availability, maintainability,and safety. This research paper aims to analyse, evaluate, and rank the variables that influence therolling stock maintenance cost.A quantitative researchmethodwas adopted for data collection. Data collection involving five train operating companiesthat include Malaysia's rolling stock practitioners was accomplishedusing a survey. The research first identified the influential variables associated with rolling stock maintenance cost through systematic literaturereview. Then, 14 influential variablesand five groups of factors that affect rolling stock maintenance costwere identified. Variables identified were used as basis for designing the survey. Judgmental sampling was utilized for sampling purposes. The data collected from survey were analysedusing importance index to accomplish ranking analysis.The research has discovered that spare part cost, manpower cost and equipment cost are the highestrankedinfluential variables contributing towardsrollingstock maintenance cost. This study has highlighted the possibility of future major studies concerninginfluential costin establishingcost predictive model for rolling stock maintenance.
Service Quality Improvement Strategy in The Auto Insurance Industry: Customer Perspective Study
Authors:   Brawijaya University, Andriani Debrina Puspita
Published: September 2023

Service quality is one of the parameters of conformity between consumers' perceived and expected services and influences the company's sustainability. In an insurance company, quality service is essential because advising quality services is important to develop more trusted engagement with the whole customers. In this study, the analysis of quality services was performed using gap analysis and quality function deployment (QFD) in auto insurance companies with intense competition. Gap analysis is required to identify the quality dimensions to be improved. While technical improvement actions are generated using the QFD method by mapping consumer needs and technical actions through the house of quality (HOQ) matrix. The results showed that using the integration of gap analysis and QFD, the auto insurance company received the gap scores and obtained recommendations for technical actions that could be adopted for continuous improvement.We propose continuous improvement by using a service blueprint to show the entire service process.
A Low-Cost Digital Torquemeter Coordinated by Arduino Board
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Ashwindran S. N. , Azizuddin A. A. ,   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Oumer A. N. ,   Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Published: September 2023

Torquemeter is a transducer for measuring rotational force and converting it into electronic output signal. In this paper, the techniques to fabricate a low cost yet effective torquemeter system is introduced. The device is calibrated and tested to prove it effectiveness and robustness. Thesystem is developed to investigate thetorquegeneratedbywind turbinesystem.The presented torquemeter system comprisesof two subsystemsnamely photointerrupter (primary) and load cell (secondary).The reliability of the developed system is analyzed bystages in order to verify the effectiveness in acquiring measurementnamely RPM, weight (load) and torque. It is found that 5 kg load cell illustratedunsteady noise behavior relative to the defined calibration weight. Meanwhile, the percentage of accuracy (Pa) of final 3threading is Pa= 94.709 %, 97.32 %, 98.826 % for 10 g, 20 g and 100 g respectively.Measurement acquired from torquemeter system is compared against2D CFD numerical modelunder similar flow condition. Resultsshows that themeasurement of torquemeter system is Mt= 0.731842 and as for CFD model is Mt= 0.82553 which results in error (%) of Pe= 11.35 %. However,the CFD numerical model has overpredicted moment value since it has compensated the blockage factor and external environmental factors. It is safe to say, that the presented instrument is applicable and feasible for WT torque acquisition.
LESÃO MUCINOSA DE APENDICE: RELATO DE CASO
Authors:   Hospital Mãe de Deus, Antonio Figueiredo Fernando , Lima Barros Danilo , Barros Pontello Georgia , Lorenzoni Isabela ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A lesão mucinosa do apêndice é uma patologia resultante da dilatação desse órgão devido ao acúmulo de secreção mucinoide no seu interior, levando à dilatação e à formação de uma massa gelatinosa intraluminal. Relato de Caso: Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente assintomática, com diagnóstico incidental de lesão mucinosa de apêndice, tratada por cirurgia laparoscópica. Conclusões: A lesão mucinosa de apêndice é uma doença rara ocasionada pelo acúmulo intraluminal de secreção mucinosa. O diagnóstico geralmente é incidental ou encontrado durante o transoperatório. O tratamento é cirúrgico, e pode contemplar desde apendicectomia até ressecções oncológicas avançadas. Palavras-chave: Lesão Mucinosa de Apêndice. Tumor de Apêndice. Apendicectomia Laparoscópica.
Application of Ligation of Internal Iliac Artery and Uterine Artery in Pernicious Placenta Previa
Authors: Bai Lijuan , Lin Jie , Shen Qiuni , Fu Xiaodong
Published: September 2023

Backgrounds: To investigate the use of vascular ligation in the treatment of pernicious placenta previa. Methods: Clinical data from 199 patients with pernicious placenta previa were collected and divided into groups according to placenta location, placenta accretion and vessel ligation, the pregnancy outcome of each group was compared. Results: The unplanned reoperation rate was lower for the internal iliac artery ligation group than the group without internal iliac artery ligation (p < 0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate were lower for the prophylactic internal iliac artery ligation group than the therapeutic ligation group (p < 0.05), and in the hysterectomy patients, intraoperative bleeding was lower in the prophylactic internal iliac artery ligation group than the therapeutic ligation group (p < 0.05). The hysterectomy rate was lower for the uterine artery ligation group than the group without uterine artery ligation (p < 0.05); and for superficial and deep placental accreta, the operation time of uterine artery ligation group was shorter than internal iliac artery ligation group, intraoperative bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, and ICU admission rate have no significant difference, when placental penetrating implantation was performed, patients with internal iliac artery ligation were statistically more severely ill, but there was no difference in prognosis. Conclusions: Vascular ligation is an effective means of managing high-risk obstetric bleeding and helps to avoid hysterectomy and unplanned reoperation, but surgeons need to choose the appropriate ligation method to improve patient prognosis, considering the patient’s condition and his or her skills.
Dietary Sugar Research in Preschoolers: Methodological, Genetic, and Cardiometabolic Considerations
Authors: Yu Jessica , Ashraf Rahbika , Mahajan Anisha , Hogan Jaimie L. , Darlington Gerarda , Buchholz Andrea C. , Duncan Alison M. , Haines Jess , Ma David W.L. , the Guelph Family Health Study on behalf of
Published: September 2023

Excess dietary sugar intake increases the risk of unhealthy weight gain, an important cardiometabolic risk factor in children. To further our understanding of this relationship, we performed a narrative review using two approaches. First, research examining dietary sugar intake, its associations with cardiometabolic health, impact of genetics on sweet taste perception and intake, and how genetics moderates the association of dietary sugar intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in preschool-aged children 1.5–5 years old is reviewed. Second, methodological considerations for collecting and analyzing dietary intake of sugar, genetic information, and markers of cardiometabolic health among young children are provided. Our key recommendations include the following for researchers: (1) Further longitudinal research on sugar intake and cardiometabolic risk factors is warranted to inform policy decisions and guidelines for healthy eating in preschool-aged children. (2) Consistency in sugar definitions is needed across research studies to aid with comparisons of results. (3) Select dietary collection tools specific to each study’s aim and sugar definition(s). (4) Limit subjectivity of dietary assessment tools as this impacts interpretation of study results. (5) Choose non-invasive biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease until the strengths and limitations of available biomarkers in preschool-aged children are clarified. (6) Select approaches that account for the polygenic nature of cardiometabolic disease such as genome risk scores and genome wide association studies to assess how genetics moderates the relationship between dietary sugar intake and cardiometabolic risk. This review highlights potential recommendations that will support a research environment to help inform policy decisions and healthy eating policies to reduce cardiometabolic risk in young children.
The characteristics of 20th-century vocal music teaching in Russia
Authors: Hua Bai
Published: September 2023

This article examines the basic features of vocal music teaching in Russia in the 20th century from the point of view of the history of music. It is possible to identify the peculiarities of vocal teaching in Russia, the influence of Italian origin on its formation, the development of technology and methods of teaching.
History of application of the concept of “cooperative learning” in the teaching of vocal music in colleges and universities in China
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan Hu
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this article is to examine how cooperative learning is used in teaching vocal music at universities and colleges in China, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness. The authors analyze the results of research conducted in this area and consider opportunities for further development of this concept.
Influence of traditional Chinese music on modern music education in China
Authors: Yuyi Sun
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the influence of traditional Chinese music on modern music education in China. In conclusion, the future of the industry and the role of the state in the development of traditional Chinese music are considered.
The initial stage of complete collectivization as a factor of intergenerational rupture in the Russian village
Authors: Slezin Anatoly , Ippolitov Vladimir
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the relationship between representatives of the “revolutionary turning point” generation (born at the turn of the 19th 20th centuries) and “children of the revolution” generation (those whose childhood and youth fell on the 1920s early 1930s) at the initial stage of complete collectivization of rural economy. Much attention is paid to the role of youth and especially the Komsomol in the evolution of the moral state of peasant “fathers”.
How Americans Evaluate Fairness in the Housing Market: An Experimental Approach
Authors: He Angela
Published: September 2023

Homeownership is regarded as a cornerstone of the American Dream. However, housing has become increasingly unaffordable for average Americans as growing numbersof elites and corporations buy houses as financial investments. This article thus investigates Americans’ moral beliefs on who should be able to purchase a house in the United States. Drawing on the morals and markets tradition from economic sociology and the deservingness scholarship from cultural sociology, I use an original conjoint survey experiment on a national sample of Americans (N = 1,983) to answer the question: "What type of buyer do Americans believe is the fairest to sell a house to?" The findings reveal a surprising divergence from market fundamentalism. Americans, regardless of political affiliation, believe it is fairer to sell to fellow citizens intending to use the home as their primary residence over the highest bidder. Open-ended responses find that concerns about investors pricing out ordinary Americans outweigh potential financial gain, highlighting buyer deservingness, previously overlooked bysociologists, as a central component of market fairness. These results identify a stark misalignment between Americans’ moral values and the current reality of the housing market, providing theoretical and empirical insights for scholars studying morals and markets, housing, and inequality.
Too Fragile to Succeed? Electoral Strength, Austerity and Economic Confidence
Authors: Wang Chendi , Ferrara Federico Maria , Sattler Thomas
Published: September 2023

In the wake of the Great Recession, European governments implemented harsh fiscal austerity measures to restore economic confidence. Yet, the economic success of these policies varied significantly. This raises the question of whether and under what conditions austerity is an effective policy strategy to restore economic stability. This study shows that the impact of austerity on economic confidence is conditioned by an important political factor, namely the electoral strength of the government. Our macro-level time series analysis tracks the impact of austerity announcements on economic conﬁdence over time in 15 European countries during the Great Recession, showing that austerity leads to a decrease in economic confidence. However, the negative impact is substantially smaller when austerity is announced by an electorally strong government vis-à-vis a fragile one. Our individual-level survey experiment with a total of 7,500 respondents in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain indicates that the negative effects of spending cuts on both pocketbook and sociotropic concerns are particularly pronounced when austerity policies are announced by governments that are losing electoral support. Austerity, therefore, is perceived as more credible and effective when carried out by electorally strong governments compared to weak ones.
BOP1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that block of proliferation 1, encoded by BOP1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. BOP1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of BOP1 in primary tumors was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of BOP1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Eliciting hospital staff preferences for an innovative security model of practice to prevent occupational violence in healthcare settings: A qualitative study to select attributes for inclusion in a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ruvini M. , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Allen Michelle Joy , Senanayake Sameera Jayan , Brain David , Griffiths Joanna , Olsson Lita , Duff Jed , Tyack Zephanie
Published: September 2023

Abstract Occupational violence (OV) towards healthcare staff often results in unrealised negative impacts on healthcare workers, patients, and the healthcare system. Hence, occupational violence prevention has become a priority in healthcare settings. Successful implementation of an occupational violence prevention program depends on the acceptability and suitability of the program to the healthcare staff. The discrete choice experiment (DCE) method has been widely used to elicit preferences for different aspects of healthcare services. The present study aims to understand the key attributes of security models of care for an occupational violence prevention program to select attributes for a future DCE survey.MethodsA multi-stage approach was used to generate the key attributes for an occupational violence prevention program. Focus group discussions were conducted with staff at a major metropolitan hospital in Queensland, Australia, during May and June 2022, where the pilot program - an occupational violence prevention program using specialised security personnel known as Ambassador- was implemented. The identified attributes were then refined through an expert panel discussion. ResultsTwo experienced qualitative researchers facilitated four focus group discussions. The focus group participants (n=14) included the Queensland Occupational Violence Strategy Unit team members responsible for implementing the program, healthcare staff, Ambassadors, and security personnel. The expert panel, comprising occupational violence researchers, health economists, and health service researchers (n=6), refined the six potential attributes of the focus groups. The final attribute list included skills, uniform, coverage, security availability, training and being embedded in the clinical team, each with up to three levels.Conclusion Attributes identified from this study will be used in future DCE studies to elicit healthcare staff preferences for occupational violence prevention programs using security models of care. The DCE study will strengthen the design and implementation of occupational violence prevention programs to best address the needs of healthcare staff.
Additional notes on information interactions without subject-object boundaries
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: September 2023

I present some additional notes on information interactions without subject-object boundaries.
COL13A1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that collagen type XIII alpha 1 chain, encoded by COL13A1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. COL13A1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of COL13A1 in primary tumors was correlated with overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of COL13A1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Băng Nam Cực đang tan nhanh đến mức gây “hoảng hốt”
Authors: Tri Nguyễn Phương
Published: September 2023

Hiện tượng băng tan ở Nam Cực đang ngày càng nguy hiểm với sức khỏe trái đất nói chung, các cộng đồng cư dân bao gồm cả con người nói riêng.
PHQ-9, Life Impact, and Breadth of Symptomatic Experience
Authors: Newson Jennifer , Parameshwaran Dhanya , Thiagarajan Tara
Published: September 2023

The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is the most widely used depression screener. However, it’s currently unknown how PHQ-9 scores relate to functional life impact and wider symptom experience. Using a sample of 5,750 respondents, we compared symptom frequency measured by PHQ-9, to ratings of life impact and the breadth of symptomatic experience measured by the Mental Health Quotient (MHQ), a transdiagnostic assessment of mental health that captures symptoms across 10 mental health disorders on a 9-point life impact scale and includes items that map to PHQ-9. Frequency and life impact of individual symptoms were significantly correlated in the aggregate. However, there was still wide variability of life impact within each frequency category, and mean life impact for the same frequency varied across symptoms. In addition, individuals with “severe” depression measured by PHQ-9 also typically had heterogeneous symptom profiles and exhibited numerous symptoms of high life impact not assessed by PHQ-9. At the individual level PHQ-9 does not reliably capture life impact of symptoms and misses numerous symptoms of high life impact. Therefore, while PHQ-9 can serve as a first level depression screener, subsequent transdiagnostic assessment that captures a broader range of symptoms and evaluates life impact are needed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the individual’s symptomatic experience to aid clinical decision-making.
Montreal Declaration for Responsible AI: 10 Principles and 59 Recommendations
Authors: Morandín-Ahuerma Fabio
Published: September 2023

The “Montreal Forum on the Socially Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence” was a conference that began in November 2017, where more than 400 participants from various sectors and disciplines discussed the ethical and social implications of AI. The conference also led to the creation of the “Montreal Declaration for the Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence” which was released in late 2018 with more than 500 signatories. The declaration outlines 10 principles and 59 recommendations to guide the development of AI in a way that respects human dignity, autonomy, justice, and democracy. Montreal's AI ethics principles have also been criticized. For example, it is argued that it does not cover the potential malicious use of AI for activities such as warfare, surveillance, or personalized propaganda, and does not offer specific guidance or mechanisms for its application and enforcement. Either way, it is considered an important step in the development of AI ethics and has been widely recognized for its global and integrative approach, and as a reference point for subsequent efforts.
TAF2 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that TATA-box binding protein associated factor 2, encoded by TAF2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. TAF2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of TAF2 in primary tumors was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of TAF2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Who Supports Democratic Backsliding? Evidence from Israel
Authors: Gidron Noam , Margalit Yotam , Sheffer Lior , Yakir Itamar
Published: September 2023

Concerns over democratic backsliding have proliferated recently, as elected politicians have sought to undermine democratic checks and balances. This study examines the underpinnings of public support for democratic backsliding, delineating five theoretical accounts: personalistic leadership, affective polarization, populism, majoritarianism and entanglement with the law. We test the explanatory power of these accounts within the Israeli context, leveraging panel survey data collected before and after the government announced its plan to curtail the courts. Results suggest that support for the plan is strongly associated with dislike of partisan opponents and attachment to Prime Minister Netanyahu, and more weakly with a majoritarian understanding of democracy and negative experiences with the legal system. Populist attitudes are not associated with support for the government’s plan. Our study advances research in the field by disentangling theoretical accounts regarding support for democratic backsliding and demonstrating the pitfalls of analyses that rely on cross-sectional data.
Severe processing capacity limits for sub-lexical features of letter strings
Authors: Campbell Maya , Oppenheimer Nicole , White Alex L.
Published: September 2023

When reading, the visual system is confronted with many words simultaneously. How much of that information can a reader process at once? Previous studies demonstrated that low-level visual features of multiple words are processed in parallel, but lexical attributes are processed serially, for one word at a time. This implies that an internal bottleneck lies somewhere between early visual and lexical analysis. We used a dual-task behavioral paradigm to investigate whether this bottleneck lies at the stage of letter recognition or phonological decoding. On each trial, two letter strings were flashed briefly, one above and one below fixation, and then masked. In the letter identification experiment, participants indicated whether a vowel was present in a particular letter string. In the phonological decoding experiment, participants indicated whether the letter string was pronounceable. We compared accuracy in a focused attention condition, in which participants judged only one of the two strings, with accuracy in a divided attention condition, in which participants judged both strings independently. In both experiments, the cost of dividing attention was so large that it supported a serial model: participants were able to process only one letter string per trial. Furthermore, we found a stimulus processing tradeoff that is characteristic of serial processing: when participants judged one string correctly, they were less likely to judge the other string correctly. Therefore, the bottleneck that constrains word recognition under these conditions arises at a sub-lexical level, perhaps due to a limit on the efficiency of letter recognition.
A Series of Unfortunate Events: Do those who catastrophize learn more after negative outcomes?
Authors: Harada-Laszlo Mia , Talwar Anahita , Robinson Oliver Joe , Pike Alexandra Claire
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Catastrophizing is a transdiagnostic construct that has been suggested to precipitate and maintain a multiplicity of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, PTSD and OCD. However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms that result in catastrophizing are unknown. Relating reinforcement learning model parameters to catastrophizing may allow us to further understand the process of catastrophizing.Objective: Using a modified four-armed bandit task, we aimed to investigate the relationship between reinforcement learning parameters and self-report catastrophizing questionnaire scores to gain a mechanistic understanding of how catastrophizing may alter learning. Methods: We recruited 211 participants to complete a computerised four-armed bandit task and tested the fit of six reinforcement learning models on our data, including two novel models which both incorporated a scaling factor related to a history of negative outcomes variable. We investigated the relationship between self-report catastrophizing scores and free parameters from the overall best-fitting model, along with the best-fitting model to include history, using Pearson’s correlations. Subsequently, we reassessed these relationships using multiple regression analyses to evaluate whether any observed relationships were altered when relevant IQ and mental health covariates were applied. Results: Model-agnostic analyses indicated there were effects of outcome history on reaction time and accuracy, and that the effects on accuracy related to catastrophizing. The overall model of best fit was the Standard Rescorla-Wagner Model and the best-fitting model to include history was a model in which learning rate was scaled by history of negative outcome. We found no effect of catastrophizing on the scaling by history of negative outcome parameter (r=0.003, p=0.679), the learning rate parameter (r=0.026, p=0.703) or the inverse temperature parameter (r=0.086, p=0.220). Conclusion: We were unable to relate catastrophizing to any of the reinforcement learning parameters we investigated. This implies that catastrophizing is not straightforwardly linked to any changes to learning after a series of negative outcomes are received. Future research could use further exploration of the space of models which include a history parameter.
Investigating how reward retroactively improves memory for associations and items
Authors: Tarder-Stoll Hannah , Duncan Katherine , Schlichting Margaret
Published: September 2023

Given we cannot remember all our experiences, it seems intuitive that we should prioritize events of consequence, like those that lead to a reward. However, rewards have had inconsistent effects on people’s memory for preceding neutral experiences in experiments, raising questions as to whether our minds are equipped to remember adaptively. Here, we will use online testing in a registered report to investigate whether rewards tend to retroactively enhance certain types of memories. Consistent with prior research and theories involving how dopamine modulates the hippocampus, we hypothesize that reward retroactively enhances memory in a delay-dependent manner, emerging only after a period of consolidation. Crucially, we further predict that this long-delay modulation of memory will be stronger for associative memory than for item recognition—a factor not previously considered despite its clear theoretical grounding. This work will answer important open questions about the mechanisms by which reward retroactively enhances memory, elucidating the conditions under which this key aspect of adaptive memory emerges.
The Platform Governance Archive v1 – A longitudinal dataset to study the governance of communication and interactions by platforms and the historical evolution of platform policies [Data Paper]
Authors: Katzenbach Christian , Kopps Adrian , Magalhães João C. , Redeker Dennis , Suehr Tom , Wunderlich Larissa
Published: September 2023

The Platform Governance Archive (PGA) is a data repository and platform that collects and curates policies of major social media platforms in a long-term perspective. When have YouTube and Instagram introduced hate speech policies? How have misinformation policies changed over time? With the help of the archive, researchers, journalists and the public can answer their questions on how platforms order and govern communication and interaction in our societies, and hold those powerful new institutions accountable. This dataset PGAv1 is the original dataset with a curated set of policies by four major platforms, ranging back to 2005. Data has been collected by a combination of automated and manual approaches, building on Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine.
Bedarfsorientierte Ressourcenallokation zum Abbau von Bildungsungleichheiten? Das Berliner Bonus-Programm
Authors: Lee Eunji , Böse Susanne , Neumann Marko , Gesswein Therese , Maaz Kai
Published: September 2023

Mit dem im Februar 2014 gestarteten Berliner Bonus-Programm sollen Schulen an sozialräumlich benachteiligten Standorten unterstützt werden. Verbunden mit dem Ziel, Bildungsbenachteiligungen im Schulsystem entgegenzuwirken, werden den Schulen zusätzliche finanzielle Mittel bereitgestellt, um eigenverantwortlich Schulentwicklungsmaßnahmen durchzuführen. Im Sinne einer bedarfsorientierten Ressourcenallokation sollen somit die Bildungschancen sozial benachteiligter Schüler*innen verbessert werden. Weiterhin soll das Programm einen Beitrag zur Entkopplung von sozialer Herkunft und Bildungserfolg leisten. Im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2018 erfolgte mit der BONUS-Studie die wissenschaftliche Begleitung und Evaluation des Bonus-Programms. Diese nahm die Bewertung, die Umsetzung sowie die Auswirkungen des Programms in den Blick. Das Programm stößt bei den Schulen auf breite Akzeptanz und konnte in vielen Schulen Entwicklungsprozesse anregen. Auswirkungen im Hinblick auf die Zielsetzungen des Programms zeigten sich jedoch im Evaluationszeitraum nur vereinzelt.
Adressierung von Bildungsungleichheit im Projekt „Potenziale entwickeln – Schulen stärken“
Authors: van Ackeren-Mindl Isabell , Bremm Nina , Holtappels Heinz Günter
Published: September 2023

Wie können Schulen in herausfordernden Lagen in ihrer Entwicklung für mehr Bildungsgerechtigkeit unterstützt werden? Wie können ein datengestützter Ansatz und schulische Netzwerkarbeit die Schulentwicklungskapazitäten befördern? Diesen Fragen widmeten wir uns in dem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt „Potenziale entwickeln – Schulen stärken“. Mit 36 Schulen in der Metropolregion Ruhr und in Kooperation mit der Qualitäts- und Unterstützungsagentur – Pädagogisches Landesinstitut (QUA-LiS NRW) arbeiteten wir zwischen 2014 und 2020 mit einem breiten Schulentwicklungsansatz und mit verschiedenen forschungsmethodischen Zugängen.
Analisis Rasio Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, dan Likuiditas Untuk Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Subsektor Property & Real Estate yang terdaftar Di BEI Sebelum dan Selama Covid-19 Periode 2018-2021
Authors: Mega Triaprilia Yohana , Yoyo Toni
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis dan membandingkan kinerja keuangan bisnis subsektor Property & Real estate yang terdaftar di BEI sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 periode 2018-2021.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan memakai Analisis Statistik Deskriptif dan Uji Komparatif. Pada masa wabah Covid-19, sampel terdiri dari enam (6) bisnis subsektor Property & Real estate yang terdaftar di BEI. Menghitung komponen keuangan laporan keuangan masing-masing perusahaan menghasilkan data.

Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kalau tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara Rasio Profitabilitas NPM (Net Profit Margin) dan ROA (Return on Asset) dengan Rasio Likuiditas CR (Current Ratio) periode 2020-2021 selama pandemi dan periode 2018-2019, Periode sebelum pandemi Covid-19. Pada tahun 2020-2021, Rasio Solvabilitas DAR (Debt to Asset Ratio) berbeda jauh dengan periode 2018-2019 sebelum wabah Covid-19
Digital Scholarly Journals Are Poorly Preserved: A Study of 7 Million Articles
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Digital preservation underpins the persistence of scholarly links and citations through the digital object identifier (DOI) system. We do not currently know, at scale, the extent to which articles assigned a DOI are adequately preserved. Methods: We construct a database of preservation information from original archival sources and then examine the preservation statuses of 7,438,037 DOIs in a random sample. Results: Of the 7,438,037 works examined, there were 5.9 million copies spread over the archives used in this work. Furthermore, a total of 4,342,368 of the works that we studied (58.38%) were present in at least one archive. However, this left 2,056,492 works in our sample (27.64%) that are seemingly unpreserved. The remaining 13.98% of works in the sample were excluded either for being too recent (published in the current year), not being journal articles, or having insufficient date metadata for us to identify the source. Discussion: Our study is limited by design in several ways. Among these are the facts that it uses only a subset of archives, it only tracks articles with DOIs, and it does not account for institutional repository coverage. Nonetheless, as an initial attempt to gauge the landscape, our results will still be of interest to libraries, publishers, and researchers. Conclusion: This work reveals an alarming preservation deficit. Only 0.96% of Crossref members (n = 204) can be confirmed to digitally preserve over 75% of their content in three or more of the archives that we studied. (Note that when, in this article, we write “preserved,” we mean “that we were able to confirm as preserved,” as per the specified limitations of this study.) A slightly larger proportion, i.e., 8.5% (n = 1,797), preserved over 50% of their content in two or more archives. However, many members, i.e., 57.7% (n = 12,257), only met the threshold of having 25% of their material in a single archive. Most worryingly, 32.9% (n = 6,982) of Crossref members seem not to have any adequate digital preservation in place, which is against the recommendations of the Digital Preservation Coalition.
Identifikasi, Penilaian, Dan Pengendalian Risiko Terhadap Proses Penambangan Batubara Di PT. Pengembangan Investasi Riau, Kecamatan Batang Peranap, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, Riau
Authors: Manurung Rionaldo Stepanus , Probowati Dyah , Nurkhamin Nurkhamin
Published: September 2023

PT. Pengembangan Investasi Riau merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pertambangan batubara dengan sistem tambang terbuka (surface mining) yang berada di Kecamatan Batang Peranap, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, Provinsi Riau. Setiap kegiatan penambangan tentu risiko kecelakaan yang besar dan berbeda, oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui potensi risiko ini perlu dilakukan manajemen risiko. Tujuan dari penilitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya pada kegiatan penambangan, melalukan penilaian risiko, dan melakukan upaya pengendalian risiko kecelakaan kerja pada kegiatan penambangan. Penulis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan semi kuantitatif dengan menggunakan matriks penilaian sesuai OHSAS 18001:2007 pada penelitian ini. Metode penelitian ini melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu studi literatur, penyelidikan lapangan, pengambilan data primer dan sekunder, dan data yang telah didapatkan akan dilakukan pengolahan data. Identifikasi risiko dilakukan untuk menganalisis dampak yang akan ditimbulkan dan mengetahui cara pencegahan efektif terhadap kecelakaan kerja yang dapat terjadi. Setelah melakukan identifikasi potensi bahaya, semua potensi bahaya tersebut akan dilakukan penilaian untuk mengetahui tingkat bahayanya. Potensi bahaya yang telah dilakukan penilaian akan dilanjutkan dengan upaya pengedalian agar bahaya tersebut dapat dicegah atau diminimalisir. Dari hasil penilitian yang dilakukan penulis menemukan potensi bahaya berjumlah 8 potensi bahaya yang terdapat pada beberapa kegiatan yaitu pada tahap pembongkaran ditemukan 3 potensi bahaya dengan tingkat bahaya sedang, pada tahap pemuatan ditemukan 3 potensi bahaya dengan tingkat bahaya tinggi, dan pada tahap pengangkutan ditemukan 2 potensi bahaya yaitu 1 potensi bahaya dengan tingkat sedang dan 1 potensi bahaya dengan tingkat tinggi. Potensi bahaya tersebut dilakukan pengendalian dan penilaian kembali dengan hasil tingkat bahaya tersebut menjadi rendah.
INCIDENTALLY DIAGNOSED APPENDIX DIVERTICULOSIS AFTER APPENDECTOMY
Authors: KILCI Mahmut Burak , BİLEN Nurullah
Published: September 2023

Title:

Incıdentally Diagnosed Appendix Diverticulosis After Appendectomy

Short Title:

Appendix Diverticulosis

Abstract

Appenix diverticulitis was first described by Kelynack in 1893. Appendix diverticulosis is a rare clinical manifestation of the appendix with a changing rate of 0.004 to 2.1% of all appendectomies. Generally diagnosed in males, and the mean age is 38. Appendix diverticulosis may be inflamed and result in appendix diverticulitis or can be incidentally diagnosed by acute appendicitis. Clinical presentation of appendix diverticulitis may be similar to acute appendicitis but clinical signs may occur slowly and mildly.

The thirty-five-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with right lower quadrant pain. The patient has abdominal tenderness, rebound, and defense reactions with other intraabdominal infections signs. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed and appendix diameter was measured enlarged, and inflammation signs were observed in the surrounding tissue in favor of acute appendicitis. A laparoscopic appendectomy was performed. During the operation, three small herniated tissue was observed on the anti-mesenteric surface of the appendix. Acute phlegmonous appendicitis and appendix diverticulosis diagnosis were confirmed with the histopathological examination.

Appendix diverticulosis may occur either acquired or congenital. The congenital diverticulosis is generally located on the anti-mesenteric edge and contains all layers of the appendix wall. Diagnosed appendix diverticulosis is acquired type predominantly. Appendix diverticulosis is diagnosed more commonly in patient who has cystic fibrosis or Hrschsprung’s disease. However, no relationship between colon diverticular disease and appendix diverticula has been found. There is a high risk of appendiceal neoplasms such as carcinoid tumors and mucinous adenomas. The gold standard to diagnose appendix diverticula is histopathological examination.
Solo Surgery Should a Surgeon Have a Surgeon Assistant?
Authors: Beck William C. , Gibbs W. S.
Published: September 2023

For many years it has been the surgeon who determined whether an assistant was required in any particular operation. He has based this decision upon his own experience, the quality and quantity of available physician assistance, and upon the complexity of the procedure. Possibly secondary consideration was given to the justifiability of the added expense, or to the availability of residents or interns.
The Unanchored Transomental Gastrostomy
Authors: Thomas John M. , Beck William C.
Published: September 2023

We feel that tube gastrostomy is a very worthwhile procedure which can be performed rapidly, simply, and with a minimum of danger. The technique we use is essentially different from the usual one and needs to be carefully followed.
Infant Auditory Screening Procedure Following Visual Fixation
Authors: Carlin T. W. , Rosenfeld S. , Widding M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of an infant hearing-screening technique at low intensity sound levels.
The Nurse’s Responsibility for Patient Teaching
Authors: St. Cyr. Barbara K.
Published: September 2023

The development of new patient teaching tools and techniques greatly facilitates modern patient care. It is important for physicians to know how nurses are prepared to assume the responsibility for teaching the patients.
The Angiographic Localization of the Parathyroid Adenoma: Report of a Case
Authors: Kikkawa Kaz , Mackler Gerald L.
Published: September 2023

The value of preoperative localization of the parathyroid adenoma is well recognized. In 1954 Seldinger1 first reported the angiographic localization of the adenoma by catheter method introduced from the brachial artery yielding 4 out of 6 correct preoperative localizations. In 1966 Newton and Eisenberg2 reported six such cases of 14 surgically proven parathyroid adenomas by subclavian arteriography. In 1969 Doppman3 et al suggested the more selective angiographic procedure, catheterization of the thyro-cervical trunk, for this purpose, indicating that parathyroid adenoma can be distinguished from the superimposed thyroid stain. Recently we encountered a case, in which a correct preoperative localization of the parathyroid adenoma was accomplished by bilateral selective subclavian arteriography.
Variability and Change in Disease; the Darwinian Concept Related to Morbid Processes
Authors: Beck William C.
Published: September 2023

Charles Darwin published the first edition of his epoch-making Origin of the Species on 24 November 1859. But he gave credit to a large number of scientists upon whose work his own was based and to whose statements he gave additional proof. The first of these that he quotes was Lamarck whose “conclusions on the subject excited much attention”. In 1801 and again in 1809 and 1815 Lamarck upheld the doctrine that all species, including man, are descended from other species.
Was Diabetes Mellitis the Cause of This Traffic Fatality?
Authors: King Arthur B.
Published: September 2023

Some years ago I began to determine the blood sugar procured from cadavers who were being autopsied under the aegius of the coroner’s office. I was principally interested in what happens to the level of the serum glucose with the passage of time after the instant of clinical death. Blood was always taken from the right side of the heart and in a few instances, unexpectedly high initial levels were found, the explanation for which were sometimes “difficult.” Occasionally serendipity aids in elucidating a most vexing problem.