bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Course Integrated Library Instruction in an Undergraduate Nursing Program
Authors: Farrell Alison , Goosney Janet , Hutchens Karen
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Many faculty in two Schools of Nursing found that students in the fourth year of the Bachelor of Nursing program were not well equipped to perform information literacy activities efficiently and effectively, such as doing research to support their daily work. A course-integrated information literacy program was implemented at both sites, which left some students having very little information literacy training, whereas others who started the program in later years had information literacy training in all or most years of the curriculum. This study sought to evaluate students as they gained more experience with information literacy. Methods: To determine if increased exposure to information literacy training improved students' levels of competency and confidence, the authors compared first-year students with two groups of fourth-year students who had differing exposures to information literacy. Results: Acceptable response rates for data analysis were acquired at only one site. It was found that overall, fourth-year students were more confident and tested better with information literacy competencies than first-year students, but there was not as much improvement as was hypothesized. Discussion: The results of this evaluation have demonstrated a need to improve the information literacy teaching in certain areas. The data have also indicated that students do indeed retain information literacy skills with an increased number of sessions. Further areas for study are outlined as well as the limitations and strengths of the study design.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Editores Os
Published: November 2013

O presente volume representa mais um passo na concretização dos esforços do Conselho Editorial para fortalecer e ampliar o papel da Revista do Instituto Geológico na divulgação da produção técnico-científica em Geociências. Pequenas modificações ora introduzidas na apresentação e estrutura da Revista permitem avançar nesta direção, mas o desafio permanece. A manutenção da periodicidade da Revista constitui uma das principais metas do Conselho. O acúmulo de atrasos, verificado na publicação dos volumes anteriores, leva-nos a reunir os números referentes aos anos de 1987, 1988 e 1989 e o número 1 de 1990 num só volume, estabelecendo assim um novo ponto de partida para o cumprimento dos prazos estipulados
Contribuição geomorfológica ao estudo de escarpas da serra do mar
Authors: Cruz Olga
Published: November 2013

Autores têm-se referido à definição geomorfológica de escarpa, ou vertente escarpada, sem levar em conta as características topomorfológicas de comprimento, declividade e amplitude topográfica, básicas para o entendimento de sua evolução. No litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, a serra do Mar, caracterizada por um conjunto de escarpas que marcam a borda oriental dos terrenos pré-cambrianos do Planalto Atlântico, apresenta dois compartimentos distintos. O primeiro, a montante, possui vertentes escarpadas, com segmentos retilíneos alongados e declivosos, entalhados por vales e anfiteatros de fortes amplitudes topográficas. Seu recuo faz-se paralelo, guiado por linhas litotectônicas de fraqueza, ou em alvéolos; processos de alteração e pedogênese produzem materiais levados para jusante por movimentos de massa em prancha ou por coluviação, preferencialmente durante episódios pluviais intensos. Num segundo compartimento, a jusante, nas médias e baixas encostas, as vertentes escarpadas são degradadas ou rebaixadas em diferentes níveis topográficos, que se desenvolvem sobre esporões secundários, rampas erosivas e coluviais, morros residuais e alvéolos, governados pelo traçado estrutural. Mamelonizadas por processos de intemperismo e pedogênese, escoamento pluvial superficial, fluxos internos e freáticos, estas formas sofrem ainda movimentos de massa, principalmente rotacionais; rampas coluviais e taludes de detritos formam por entre os esporões e morros rebaixados. Foram observadas relações estreitas entre os mapeamentos de declividades, cicatrizes de escorregamentos e isopletas. Nas vizinhanças de Caraguatatuba, duas áreas com grande ocorrência de cicatrizes apresentaram isopletas acima de 30, coincidindo com as vertentes de grande comprimento e alta declividade nas zonas de maiores amplitudes topográficas.
Anhembia: novo gênero de bivalves do Grupo Passa Dois - Permiano
Authors: Mezzalira Sérgio , Mendes Josué Camargo , Maranhão Maria da Saudade A.S
Published: November 2013

O reexame dos espécimes de bivalves do Grupo Passa Dois (Permiano) referidos inicialmente por MENDES (1949) ao gênero Leinzia, então por ele proposto, e o de novos espécimes coletados no Estado de São Paulo levaram os autores à proposição de um novo gênero, Anhembia, para duas espécies anteriormente atribuídas àquele gênero, A froesi e A. gigantea, ambas procedentes da seção inferior da Formação Corumbataí (= Fácies Serra Alta dos Estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina).
Malacofauna na Gruta da Pescaria, Iporanga, SP
Authors: Vieira Percy Corrêa , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes de
Published: November 2013

Incursões realizadas na Gruta da Pescaria, localizada no Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), no Município de Iporanga, SP, resultaram na coleta de conchas de moluscos, cujas espécies os autores assim identificam:Superfamília StrophocheiloideaFamília Megalobulirnidae Megalobulimus yporanganus Ihering & Pilsbry, 1901 Megalobulimus klappenbachi Leme, 1964Megalobulimus gummatus (Hidalgo, 1870)Família StrophocheilidaeMirinaba jaussaudi (Morretes, 1934).
Jacques Gréber, Urbaniste et Architecte
Authors: Gordon David , Gournay Isabelle
Published: November 2013

Jacques Gréber, Urbaniste et Architecte David Gordon and Isabelle Gournay Jacques Gréber (1882-1962) was born into an artistic family in Paris, and admitted in architecture at the École des Beaux Arts in 1901.1 He was a fine student, winning several prizes during the arduous training at the École. On his graduation in 1909, he missed the Rome Prize for architecture, which changed the direction of his career. Instead of spending years in Rome studying classical architecture, he left for the United States, where American architects who had trained at the École immediately engaged his talents to design jardins a la française for the large houses they built in New England.
Un projet inconnu de Jacques Gréber : La Cité-jardin de Villeray du Domaine Saint-Sulpice à Montréal
Authors: Ploegaerts Léon
Published: November 2013

Le présent article analyse le plan inédit de la Cité-jardin de Villeray situé dans le Domaine Saint-Sulpice à Montréal dressé par l’architecte et urbaniste français Jacques Gréber en juillet 1935. Ce plan, découvert par le professeur David L. A. Gordon, précéderait ainsi de quelques années la Cité-jardin du tricentenaire à Montréal considérée comme la première réalisation marquante en ce domaine au Québec, Le projet de Gréber, probablement commandé par la Société immobilière Chomedey Ltée ne sera pas réalisé. Toutefois, il établit un nouveau jalon dans la connaissance des œuvres de Gréber et modifie la chronologie généralement admise de ses travaux au Canada. Varticle se veut une modeste contribution à la reconnaissance d’une œuvre immense qui attend encore son catalogue raisonné.
Weaving a Modern Plan for Canada’s Capital: Jacques Gréber and the 1950 Plan for the National Capital Region
Authors: Gordon David
Published: November 2013

The 1950 Plan for the National Capital is one of the most significant documents in Canadian planning history. The plan was the guide for the rapid transformation of Ottawa and Hull from rather dreary industrial towns into an attractive modern capital Jacques Gréber, a French architect, planner and landscape architect, headed the planning team. He was personally recruited by Prime Minister Mackenzie King to realize his dream of a capital that inspired pride among Canadians. Gréber was considered France’s leading planner in mid-century, having completed plans for the Fairmount Parkway in Philadelphia, Lille, Marseilles and Rouen. Ironically, Gréber is almost forgotten in his native land, while his legacy is fondly remembered in North America.
STEREO and Wind observations of intense cyclotron harmonic waves at the Earth's bow shock and inside the magnetosheath
Authors: Breneman A. W. , Cattell C. A. , Kersten K. , Paradise A. , Schreiner S. , Kellogg P. J. , Goetz K. , Wilson L. B.
Published: November 2013

We present the first observations of electron cyclotron harmonic waves at the Earth's bow shock from STEREO and Wind burst waveform captures. These waves are observed at magnetic field gradients at a variety of shock geometries ranging from quasi‐parallel to nearly perpendicular along with whistler mode waves, ion acoustic waves, and electrostatic solitary waves. Large amplitude cyclotron harmonic waveforms are also observed in the magnetosheath in association with magnetic field gradients convected past the bow shock. Amplitudes of the cyclotron harmonic waves range from a few tens to more than 500 mV/m peak‐peak. A comparison between the short (15 m) and long (100 m) Wind spin plane antennas shows a similar response at low harmonics and a stronger response on the short antenna at higher harmonics. This indicates that wavelengths are not significantly larger than 100 m, consistent with the electron cyclotron radius. Waveforms are broadband and polarizations are distinctively comma‐shaped with significant power both perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field. Harmonics tend to be more prominent in the perpendicular directions. These observations indicate that the waves consist of a combination of perpendicular Bernstein waves and field‐aligned waves without harmonics. A likely source is the electron cyclotron drift instability which is a coupling between Bernstein and ion acoustic waves. These waves are the most common type of high‐frequency wave seen by STEREO during bow shock crossings and magnetosheath traversals and our observations suggest that they are an important component of the high‐frequency turbulent spectrum in these regions.
Spinning Angora Rabbit Wool‐Like Porous Fibers from a Non‐Equilibrated Gelatin/Water/2‐Propanol Mixture
Authors: Stoessel Philipp R. , Grass Robert N. , Sánchez‐Ferrer Antoni , Fuhrer Roland , Schweizer Thomas , Mezzenga Raffaele , Stark Wendelin J.
Published: November 2013

Due to their porous structure, angora rabbit fibers make for some of the highest quality wool. The application of these fibers on a technical scale is not feasible due to their limited availability and high price. Here, a robust fiber preparation method is reported based on an unusual spinning process, where a non‐equilibrated, ternary system of protein, solvent, and non‐solvent is continuously processed into strong fibers with minimal energy input and harmless solvents. Gelatin—the degradation product of collagen—is chosen as the protein component because of its immense availability from slaughterhouse waste. Due to the sponge‐like structure of the ternary gelatin/water/2‐propanol spinning mixture, fibers with internal cavities are produced. The porous nature of these fibers resembles the morphology of angora rabbit fibers. Despite their high porosity, the here‐obtained gelatin fibers show clear re‐orientation of the fibrous protein and attain a mechanical performance similar to other bio‐ (e.g., wool, tendon collagen) and synthetic polymers (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide 6). These promising results motivate for broader investigations on the spinning of non‐equilibrium protein mixtures and suggest the use of porous gelatin fibers in textiles.
Oxygen‐Involved Oxidative Deacetylation of α‐Substituted β‐Acetyl Amides – Synthesis of α‐Keto Amides
Authors: Li Dianjun , Yu Wei
Published: November 2013

α‐Substituted β‐acetyl amides could undergo CC bond cleavage to form α‐keto amides when treated with copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3⋅OEt2) under an oxygen atmosphere. The yield can be increased by the addition of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide which alone can also effect the reaction. The reaction provides a new protocol for the synthesis of α‐keto amides.

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Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Asachenko Andrey F. , Sorochkina Kristina R. , Dzhevakov Pavel B. , Topchiy Maxim A. , Nechaev Mikhail S.
Published: November 2013

A solvent‐free reaction protocol for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings was developed. (Hetero)aryl bromides and chlorides are coupled with pinacol arylboronates in high yields. The reaction is catalyzed by conventional bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride [(PPh3)2PdCl2] and/or palladium(II) acetate/SPhos [Pd(OAc)2/SPhos] under air.

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Disulfides and Boryl Sulfides Serve as both Initiators and Precatalysts in Radical Reductions of Halides by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene⋅Borane
Authors: Pan Xiangcheng , Lalevée Jacques , Lacôte Emmanuel , Curran Dennis P.
Published: November 2013

Diphenyl disulfide (PhSSPh), a typical boryl monosulfide (diiPr‐Imd‐BH2SPh) and a typical boryl bis‐sulfide [diMe‐Imd‐BH(SPh)2] all serve as both initiators and precatalysts in the reduction of alkyl and aryl halides by readily available 1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene⋅borane (diMe‐Imd‐BH3). The reactions are suggested to occur by a polarity reverse catalysis mechanism where in situ generated thiophenol is the active catalyst.

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Broadband Vibrational Energy Harvesting Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Yang Jin , Chen Jun , Yang Ya , Zhang Hulin , Yang Weiqing , Bai Peng , Su Yuanjie , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2013

Vibrations in living environments are generally distributed over a wide frequency spectrum and exhibit multiple motion directions over time, which renders most of the current vibration energy harvesters unpractical for their harvesting purposes. Here, a 3D triboelectric nanogenerator (3D‐TENG) is designed based on the coupling of the triboelectrification effect and the electrostatic induction effect. The 3D‐TENG operates in a hybridization mode of conjuntioning the vertical contact‐separation mode and the in‐plane sliding mode. The innovative design facilitates harvesting random vibrational energy in multiple directions over a wide bandwidth. An analytical model is established to investigate the mechano‐triboelectric transduction of 3D‐TENG and the results agree well with experimental data. The 3D‐TENG is able to harvest ambient vibrations with an extremely wide working bandwidth. Maximum power densities of 1.35 W m‐2 and 1.45 W m‐2 are achieved under out‐of‐plane and in‐plane excitation, respectively. The 3D TENG is designed for harvesting ambient vibration energy, especially at low frequencies, under a range of conditions in daily life and has potential applications in environmental/infrastructure monitoring and charging portable electronics.
A rural community's involvement in the design and usability testing of a computer‐based informed consent process for the personalized medicine research project
Authors: Mahnke Andrea N. , Plasek Joseph M. , Hoffman David G. , Partridge Nathan S. , Foth Wendy S. , Waudby Carol J. , Rasmussen Luke V. , McManus Valerie D. , McCarty Catherine A.
Published: November 2013

Many informed consent studies demonstrate that research subjects poorly retain and understand information in written consent documents. Previous research in multimedia consent is mixed in terms of success for improving participants' understanding, satisfaction, and retention. This failure may be due to a lack of a community‐centered design approach to building the interventions. The goal of this study was to gather information from the community to determine the best way to undertake the consent process. Community perceptions regarding different computer‐based consenting approaches were evaluated, and a computer‐based consent was developed and tested. A second goal was to evaluate whether participants make truly informed decisions to participate in research. Simulations of an informed consent process were videotaped to document the process. Focus groups were conducted to determine community attitudes towards a computer‐based informed consent process. Hybrid focus groups were conducted to determine the most acceptable hardware device. Usability testing was conducted on a computer‐based consent prototype using a touch‐screen kiosk. Based on feedback, a computer‐based consent was developed. Representative study participants were able to easily complete the consent, and all were able to correctly answer the comprehension check questions. Community involvement in developing a computer‐based consent proved valuable for a population‐based genetic study. These findings may translate to other types of informed consents, including those for trials involving treatment of genetic disorders. A computer‐based consent may serve to better communicate consistent, clear, accurate, and complete information regarding the risks and benefits of study participation. Additional analysis is necessary to measure the level of comprehension of the check‐question answers by larger numbers of participants. The next step will involve contacting participants to measure whether understanding of what they consented to is retained over time. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social conditions for people with Down syndrome: A register‐based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Zhu Jin Liang , Obel Carsten , Hasle Henrik , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Li Jiong , Olsen Jørn
Published: November 2013

Today, most persons with Down syndrome (DS) survive into middle age, but information on their social conditions as adults is limited. We addressed this knowledge gap using data from national registers in Denmark. We identified a national cohort of 1,998 persons with DS who were born between 1968 and 2007 (1,852 with standard trisomy 21, 80 with Robertsonian translocations and 66 with mosaicism) using the Danish Cytogenetic Register. We followed this cohort from 1980 to 2007. Information on social conditions (education, employment, source of income, marital status, etc.) was obtained by linkages to national registers, including the Integrated Database for Longitudinal Labor Market Research. For those aged 18 and older, more than 80% of persons with DS attended 10 years of primary school, with about 2% completing secondary or post‐secondary education. About 4% obtained a full‐time job, whereas the remaining mainly received public support from the government. Only a few (1–2%) of persons with DS were married or had a child. No significant differences in these social conditions were seen between males and females. More persons with mosaic DS attended secondary or post‐secondary education, had a full‐time job, were married, or had a child (18%, 28%, 15%, and 7%, respectively), compared with persons with standard DS (1%, 2%, 1%, and 1%, respectively). These data may provide families with better insight into social conditions and society with a better understanding of the social support needed for persons with DS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Stereoselective Recognition and Deracemization of Amino Acids by Supramolecular Self‐Assembly
Authors: So Soon Mog , Moozeh Kimia , Lough Alan J. , Chin Jik
Published: November 2013

The highly stereoselective supramolecular self‐assembly of α‐amino acids with a chiral aldehyde derived from binol and a chiral guanidine derived from diphenylethylenediamine (dpen) to form the imino acid salt is reported. This system can be used to cleanly convert D‐amino acids into L‐amino acids or vice versa at ambient temperature. It can also be used to synthesize α‐deuterated D‐ or L‐amino acids. A crystal structure of the ternary complex together with DFT computation provided detailed insight into the origin of the stereoselective recognition of amino acids.
Tunable Visible and Near‐IR Photoactivation of Light‐Responsive Compounds by Using Fluorophores as Light‐Capturing Antennas
Authors: Shell Thomas A. , Shell Jennifer R. , Rodgers Zachary L. , Lawrence David S.
Published: November 2013

Although the corrin ring of vitamin B12 is unable to efficiently absorb light beyond 550 nm, it is shown that commercially available fluorophores can be used as antennas to capture long‐wavelength light to promote scission of the CoC bond at wavelengths up to 800 nm. The ability to control the molecular properties of bioactive species with long visible and near‐IR light has implications for drug delivery, nanotechnology, and the spatiotemporal control of cellular behavior.
Gold Carbenoids: Lessons Learnt from a Transmetalation Approach
Authors: Seidel Günter , Gabor Barbara , Goddard Richard , Heggen Berit , Thiel Walter , Fürstner Alois
Published: November 2013

Carbophilic catalysts that are based on AuI allow a host of different nucleophiles to be added across various π systems.1–3 Although many of these reactions are thought to proceed via gold carbenoids, the challenge to observe and characterize these putative intermediates has basically been unmet.4 The current mechanistic interpretation therefore largely relies on indirect evidence and computational data, some of which are subject to debate.5 In an attempt to fill this gap, we pursued a potential route to gold carbenoids by formal transmetalation of chromium or tungsten Fischer carbene complexes with [LAu]+. Whereas this transformation proceeds with exceptional ease as long as a stabilizing heteroelement is present on the carbene center, it stops half‐way in its absence. Rather unusual bimetallic arrays are formed, which allow the charge density to delocalize over several positions. The obvious difficulty of releasing an “unstabilized” gold carbenoid has potential mechanistic implications for the understanding of π‐acid catalysis in general.
Thermal stability of cocured blends of vinyl trimethoxysilane and aryl acetylene resins with different posttreatments
Authors: Wu Yongsheng , Yu Ruobing , Hu Lin , Li Qianqian , Zhu Changjin
Published: November 2013

Poly(aryl acetylene) (PAA) modified by vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) was successfully prepared from a blend of diethynyl benzene (DEB) and VTMS. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations showed that VTMS was copolymerized with DEB. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PAA modified by VTMS had a better thermooxidation stability than PAA. Through the application of postirradiation and posthydrolysis, the thermal stability in nitrogen and in air of PAA modified by VTMS was greatly improved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40158.
Influence of rare earth elements (Y, Gd and Lu) on the luminescent properties of green phosphor ZnMoO4:Tb3+
Authors: Xu Y. , Yang W. , Li X. , Li W. , Ju X.
Published: November 2013

(Zn,Lnx)MoO4:Tb3+ (Ln = Y3+, Gd3+ and Lu3+) were prepared using the co‐precipitation method. Phase impurity, morphology and composition were investigated by power X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The experimental results show that crystal structure is not destroyed after doping an appropriate amount of Y3+, Gd3+ and Lu3+. EDS analysis reveals that Y, Gd and Lu have been successfully doped into ZnMoO4. In addition, the morphology of the phosphors is notably improved, exhibiting homogeneous dispersion morphology and irregular shapes of particle size ~ 0.5–1 µm. The luminescent intensity of (Zn,Lnx)MoO4:Tb3+ (Ln = Y3+, Gd3+ and Lu3+) phosphor is obviously higher than that of ZnMoO4:Tb3+ phosphor. The energy transfer process between trivalent rare earth ions indicates that the inert earth ions can act as an energy bridge from MoO42‐ to Tb3+. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semisynthetic model calibration for monitoring glucose in mammalian cell culture with in situ near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Milligan Michael , Lewin‐Koh Nicholas , Coleman Daniel , Arroyo Adeyma , Saucedo Victor
Published: November 2013

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has the capability of providing real‐time, multi‐analyte monitoring of the complex reaction mixture associated with cell culture processes. However, the development of robust models to predict the concentration of key analytes has proven difficult. In this study, a modeling methodology using semisynthetic process samples was used to predict glucose concentrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture processes. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were built from in situ NIR spectra, and glucose levels between 4.0 and 14.0 g/L. Two models were constructed. The “standard model” used data provided by cell culture production process samples. The “full model” included the data provided from both cell culture production process samples and semisynthetic samples. The semisynthetic samples were generated by titrating cell culture samples with target viable cell density (VCD) and lactate levels to defined glucose concentrations. The robustness of each model was gauged by predicting glucose in a subsequent cell culture process utilizing a media formulation and cell line not contained in the calibration data sets. The “full model” generated glucose predictions with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.99 g/L while the “standard model” provided glucose predictions with a RMSEP of 2.26 g/L. The modeling approach utilizing semisynthetic samples proved to be faster development and more effective than using just standard cell culture processes. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 896–903. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra scale‐down characterization of the impact of conditioning methods for harvested cell broths on clarification by continuous centrifugation—Recovery of domain antibodies from rec E. coli
Authors: Chatel Alex , Kumpalume Peter , Hoare Mike
Published: November 2013

The processing of harvested E. coli cell broths is examined where the expressed protein product has been released into the extracellular space. Pre‐treatment methods such as freeze–thaw, flocculation, and homogenization are studied. The resultant suspensions are characterized in terms of the particle size distribution, sensitivity to shear stress, rheology and solids volume fraction, and, using ultra scale‐down methods, the predicted ability to clarify the material using industrial scale continuous flow centrifugation. A key finding was the potential of flocculation methods both to aid the recovery of the particles and to cause the selective precipitation of soluble contaminants. While the flocculated material is severely affected by process shear stress, the impact on the very fine end of the size distribution is relatively minor and hence the predicted performance was only diminished to a small extent, for example, from 99.9% to 99.7% clarification compared with 95% for autolysate and 65% for homogenate at equivalent centrifugation conditions. The lumped properties as represented by ultra scale‐down centrifugation results were correlated with the basic properties affecting sedimentation including particle size distribution, suspension viscosity, and solids volume fraction. Grade efficiency relationships were used to allow for the particle and flow dynamics affecting capture in the centrifuge. The size distribution below a critical diameter dependant on the broth pre‐treatment type was shown to be the main determining factor affecting the clarification achieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 913–924. © 2013 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model‐based estimation of optimal temperature profile during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Arundo donax
Authors: Mutturi Sarma , Lidén Gunnar
Published: November 2013

A kinetic model fitted to enzymatic hydrolysis of Arundo donax was coupled to a fermentation kinetic model derived from simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) experiments at different temperatures for the determination of optimal temperature profile (between 36 and 45°C) using iterative dynamic programming (IDP). A sensitivity analysis of enzyme kinetic model not only facilitated model reduction in terms of number of parameters, but also enabled artifacts from parameter estimations to be identified. In separate fermentation experiments conducted at 35, 40, 45, and 50°C using ∼40 g/L background glucose in fiber‐free liquid fraction of Arundo it was found that growth was possible at 40°C, but the fermentation capacity was completely lost after 12 h at 50°C. The final ethanol concentration obtained after 120 h in isothermal SSF experiments at 36, 39, 42, and 45°C were 10.6, 13.7, 14.2, and 12.5 g/L, respectively. The predicted optimal temperature profile in SSF determined by iterative dynamic programming was (i) gradual decrease from 40 to 37.5°C until 16 h, (ii) a linear increase upto 45°C until 80 h, and (iii) gradual decrease by 1°C until 120 h. Experimental results were in good agreement with the model predictions. The ethanol concentration after 72 h obtained in the optimal case was 13.6 g/L in comparison to 9.1, 12.2, 12.6, and 11.6 g/L for ISO‐SSF at 36, 39, 42, and 45°C, respectively. Moreover this value was 95.8% of the final value achieved at the end of 120 h, indicating that the process times could be significantly shortened by using non‐isothermal SSF. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 866–875. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectrum of oesophageal perforations and their influence on management
Authors: Wahed S , Dent B , Jones R , Griffin S M
Published: November 2013

Background

Oesophageal perforations are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. A spectrum of aetiologies and clinical presentations has resulted in a variety of operative and non-operative management strategies. This analysis focused on the impact of these strategies in a single specialist centre.

Methods

All patients with oesophageal perforation managed in a single oesophagogastric unit in the UK between January 2002 and December 2012 were identified. Gastric perforations and anastomotic leaks were excluded. Data were verified using an endoscopy database, electronic and paper records. Aetiology of perforation, management and outcomes were analysed.

Results

There were 101 adult patients with oesophageal perforation. Complete records were not available for five patients and they were excluded from the analysis. The median age was 69·5 years. Thoracic perforations were present in 84 per cent of patients. There were 51 spontaneous perforations, 41 iatrogenic and four related to foreign bodies. Oesophageal malignancy was present in 11 patients. Forty-four patients were managed surgically, 47 without operation and five patients were considered unfit for active treatment. The in-hospital mortality rate for treated patients was 24 per cent and median length of hospital stay was 31·5 days.

Conclusion

The management of oesophageal perforation requires specialist multidisciplinary input. It is best provided in an environment familiar with the range of treatment modalities. Management decisions should be guided primarily by the degree of contamination rather than the aetiology of the defect. The routine use of stents is unproven and controversial.
Improving outcomes in emergency surgery
Authors: Bergenfelz A , Søreide K
Published: November 2013

Merits much greater attention by the surgical community
Commentary on late breaking trials in interventional cardiology at ESC, VIVA, TCT, AHA (Fall 2012), and ACC 2013
Authors: Tremmel Jennifer A. , Patel Rajan A.G. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Pinto Duane S. , Dean Larry S. , Grines Cindy L.
Published: November 2013

With the plethora of clinical trials, it is difficult for busy interventional cardiologists to stay up to date. Therefore, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) publications committee concisely summarized and provided editorial commentary on the most important trials from recent, large international meetings. The intent is to provide this summary every six months to allow quick assimilation of trial results into interventional practice. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of immunocytochemical stainings for galectin‐3, CD44, and HBME1 to fine‐needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Das Dilip K. , Al‐Waheeb Salah K. M. , George Sara S. , Haji Bahiyah I. , Mallik Mrinmay K.
Published: November 2013

In cytology practice some papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases have indeterminate diagnoses and overlapping cytological features with benign lesions. This study was undertaken to find out if immunocytochemistry using Galectin‐3, CD‐44 and HBME‐1 could be of help in such situations. Forty‐six cases consisting of 22 malignancy (PTC) cases, 7 suspicious of (S/O) PTC, 1 follicular neoplasm, 5 follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS), and 11 benign (colloid goiter) cases diagnosed by FNA were included in this study. Staining reactions were graded in a sliding scale of –, 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+. In an assessment of 100 cells, each cell with weak, and moderate to strong positive reaction were assigned a score of 1 and 4, respectively. Staining reaction of ≥+2 and scores >100 were considered positive. Frequency of cases with ≥+2 reaction, and scores >100 for each of Galectin‐3, CD‐44, and HBME‐1 were significantly higher in PTC or combined PTC and S/O PTC cases as compared with FLUS and benign cases taken together (P = 0.01744 to 0.00000). When the cases were compared according to histological malignant and benign diagnoses, the difference was also significant in respect of ≥+2 reaction, and scores >100 for Galectin‐3 and CD44 (P = 0.04923 to 0.00947); however, there was no significant difference, when these parameters for HBME1 were compared. Galectin 3, CD 44, and to some extent HBME 1 are useful immunocytochemical parameters with potential to support FNAC diagnosis of PTC, especially in situations with difficult differential diagnoses. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:498–505. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The utility of PSMA and PSA immunohistochemistry in the cytologic diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma
Authors: Bernacki Kurt D. , Fields Kristina L. , Roh Michael H.
Published: November 2013

The diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma frequently requires the use of immunohistochemical adjuncts. Immunohistochemistry for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is commonly used for this purpose but can be of limited utility. Recently, prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been shown to be a promising marker for the identification of metastatic prostate carcinoma in surgical specimens. The utility of this marker has yet to be reported for cytology specimens. We sought to compare the sensitivities of PSMA and PSA immunohistochemistry and investigate the specificity of PSMA by utilizing cell block preparations from cytologic cases of metastatic prostate carcinoma (n = 19) and carcinomas of nonprostatic origin (n = 33). The sensitivity of PSMA immunohistochemistry was higher (16/19; 84%) in detecting metastatic prostate carcinomas than that of PSA immunohistochemistry (11/19; 58%). Strong, diffuse staining for PSMA was seen in 13 (81%) of 16 PSMA‐positive cases whereas strong, diffuse staining for PSA was observed in six (55%) of 11 PSA‐positive cases. Positivity for either PSMA or PSA was seen in 17 of 19 cases of metastatic prostate carcinoma for a combined sensitivity of 89%. PSMA immunohistochemistry was completely negative in 32 of 33 cytology cases of nonprostatic carcinomas. Therefore, the specificity of this marker was 97% in this study. In conclusion, our results indicate that PSMA is a highly sensitive and specific immunomarker for the detection of metastatic prostate carcinoma in cytology specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:570–575. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inducible gene deletion in the entire cardiac conduction system using Hcn4‐CreERT2 BAC transgenic mice
Authors: Wu Meng , Peng Siwu , Zhao Yong
Published: November 2013

Developmental defects and disruption of molecular pathways of the cardiac conduction system (CCS) can cause life‐threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Despite decades of effort, knowledge about the development and molecular control of the CCS remains primitive. Mouse genetics, complementary to other approaches such as human genetics, has become a key tool for exploring the developmental processes of various organs and associated diseases. Genetic analysis using mouse models will likely provide great insights about the development of the CCS, which can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat arrhythmias. To enable genetic studies of the CCS, CCS‐associated Cre mouse models are essential. However, existing mouse models with Cre activity reported in the CCS have various limitations such as Cre leak, haploinsufficiency, and inadequate specificity of the Cre activity. To circumvent those limitations, we successfully generated Hcn4‐CreERT2 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice using BAC recombineering in which Cre activity was specifically detected in the entire CCS after tamoxifen induction. Our Hcn4‐CreERT2 BAC transgenic line will be an invaluable genetic tool with which to dissect the developmental control of CCS and arrhythmias. genesis 52:134–140. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Label‐free relative quantification of alpha‐2‐macroglobulin site‐specific core‐fucosylation in pancreatic cancer by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Lin Zhenxin , Yin Haidi , Lo Andy , Ruffin Mack T. , Anderson Michelle A. , Simeone Diane M. , Lubman David M.
Published: November 2013

We describe a label‐free relative quantification LC‐MS/MS method for core‐fucosylation in alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2MG) immunoprecipitated from human sera. The method utilizes endoglycosidase F partial deglycosylation to reduce glycosylation microheterogeneity, while retaining the innermost N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and core fucose. Precursor ion peak areas of partially deglycosylated peptides were obtained and site‐specific core‐fucosylation ratios based on the peak areas of core‐fucosylated and nonfucosylated counterparts were calculated and evaluated for assay development. This assay was applied in a preliminary study of sera samples from normal controls and patients with pancreatic diseases, including pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. A2MG fucosylation levels at sites N396 and N1424 were found to decrease in both chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer compared to normal controls. The two sites were identified by two peptides and their core‐fucosylation ratios were found to be internally consistent. This method provides a platform to quantify fucosylation levels and can be used to study site‐specific core‐fucosylation aberrations in other glycoproteins for other diseases.
Integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion (IH2®) for the direct production of gasoline and diesel fuels or blending components from biomass, Part 2: continuous testing
Authors: Marker Terry L. , Felix Larry G. , Linck Martin B. , Roberts Michael J. , Ortiz‐Toral Pedro , Wangerow Jim
Published: November 2013

Cellulosic biomass can be directly converted to high‐quality hydrocarbon transportation fuels through the use of integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH2®). IH2® is a new process which has been developed which has excellent economics, and low greenhouse gas emissions. Experimental data from a 50 kg/day continuous IH2® pilot plant is presented which demonstrates the production of high‐quality gasoline and diesel fuels over 750 h of continuous testing. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 762–768, 2014
Coupled numerical–analytical approach to landscape evolution modeling
Authors: Goren Liran , Willett Sean D. , Herman Frédéric , Braun Jean
Published: November 2013

The Earth's topography is shaped by surface processes that operate on various scales. In particular, river processes control landscape dynamics over large length scales, whereas hillslope processes control the dynamics over smaller length scales. This scale separation challenges numerical treatments of landscape evolution that use space discretization. Large grid spacing cannot account for the dynamics of water divides that control drainage area competition, and erosion rate and slope distribution. Small grid spacing that properly accounts for divide dynamics is computationally inefficient when studying large domains. Here we propose a new approach for landscape evolution modeling that couples irregular grid‐based numerical solutions for the large‐scale fluvial dynamics and continuum‐based analytical solutions for the small‐scale fluvial and hillslope dynamics. The new approach is implemented in the landscape evolution model DAC (divide and capture). The geometrical and topological characteristics of DAC's landscapes show compatibility with those of natural landscapes. A comparative study shows that, even with large grid spacing, DAC predictions fit well an analytical solution for divide migration in the presence of horizontal advection of topography. In addition, DAC is used to study some outstanding problems in landscape evolution. (i) The time to steady‐state is investigated and simulations show that steady‐state requires much more time to achieve than predicted by fixed area calculations, due to divides migration and persistent reorganization of low‐order streams. (ii) Large‐scale stream captures in a strike‐slip environment are studied and show a distinct pattern of erosion rates that can be used to identify recent capture events. (iii) Three tectono‐climatic mechanisms that can lead to asymmetric mountains are studied. Each of the mechanisms produces a distinct morphology and erosion rate distribution. Application to the Southern Alps of New Zealand suggests that tectonic advection, precipitation gradients and non‐uniform tectonic uplift act together to shape the first‐order topography of this mountain range. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond liver fibrosis: Hepatic stellate cell senescence links obesity to liver cancer by way of the microbiome
Authors: Shackel Nicholas A. , Vadas Mathew A. , Gamble Jennifer R. , McCaughan Geoffrey W.
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Obesity has become more prevalent in most developed countries over the past few decades, and is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for several common types of cancer. As the worldwide obesity epidemic has shown no signs of abating, better understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-associated cancer is urgently needed. Although several events were proposed to be involved in obesity-associated cancer, the exact molecular mechanisms that integrate these events have remained largely unclear. Here we show that senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has crucial roles in promoting obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in mice. Dietary or genetic obesity induces alterations of gut microbiota, thereby increasing the levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a gut bacterial metabolite known to cause DNA damage. The enterohepatic circulation of DCA provokes SASP phenotype in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn secretes various inflammatory and tumour-promoting factors in the liver, thus facilitating HCC development in mice after exposure to chemical carcinogen. Notably, blocking DCA production or reducing gut bacteria efficiently prevents HCC development in obese mice. Similar results were also observed in mice lacking an SASP inducer or depleted of senescent HSCs, indicating that the DCA-SASP axis in HSCs has key roles in obesity-associated HCC development. Moreover, signs of SASP were also observed in the HSCs in the area of HCC arising in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, indicating that a similar pathway may contribute to at least certain aspects of obesity-associated HCC development in humans as well. These findings provide valuable new insights into the development of obesity-associated cancer and open up new possibilities for its control.
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor: A pivotal mediator of anti-inflammatory responses in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure
Authors: Antoniades Charalambos Gustav , Khamri Wafa , Abeles Robin D. , Taams Leonie S. , Triantafyllou Evangelos , Possamai Lucia A. , Bernsmeier Christine , Mitry Ragai R. , O'Brien Alistair , Gilroy Derek , Goldin Robert , Heneghan Michael , Heaton Nigel , Jassem Wayel , Bernal William , Vergani Diego , Ma Yun , Quaglia Alberto , Wendon Julia , Thursz Mark
Published: November 2013

Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (AALF) is characterized both by activation of innate immune responses and susceptibility to sepsis. Circulating monocytes and hepatic macrophages are central mediators of inflammatory responses and tissue repair processes during human AALF. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) modulates monocyte/macrophage function through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The aims of this study were to establish the role of SLPI in AALF. Circulating levels of SLPI, monocyte cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated levels of NF-κBp65, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined in patients with AALF, chronic liver disease, and healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging of AALF explant tissue determined the cellular sources of SLPI and hepatic macrophage phenotype. The phenotype and function of monocytes and macrophages was determined following culture with recombinant human (rh)-SLPI, liver homogenates, and plasma derived from AALF patients in the presence and absence of antihuman (α)SLPI. Hepatic and circulatory concentrations of SLPI were elevated in AALF and immunohistochemistry revealed SLPI expression in biliary epithelial cells and within hepatic macrophages (h-mψ) in areas of necrosis. H-mψ and circulating monocytes in AALF exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype and functional characteristics; typified by reductions in NF-κBp65, TNF-α, and IL-6 and preserved IL-10 secretion following LPS challenge. Culture of healthy monocytes with AALF liver homogenates, plasma, or rhSLPI induced monocytes with strikingly similar anti-inflammatory characteristics which were reversed by inhibiting the activity of SLPI. Conclusion: SLPI is a pivotal mediator of anti-inflammatory responses in AALF through modulation of monocyte/macrophage function, which may account for the susceptibility to sepsis in AALF. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:1564-1576)