bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovating for Tomorrow
Authors: Sharma Ishani , Aggarwal Arun
Published: April 2024

This chapter is an intensive insight into the assimilation and influences of robotics, artificial intelligence, and service automation (RAISA) technologies over travel, tourism, and hospitality disciplines. It can be considered a complete study of how contemporary technologies are breaking open new frontiers in customer care, efficacy, and business protocols. The chapter provides a balanced view by discussing both the benefits and challenges of implementing RAISA, including financial implications, labor dynamics, and customer engagement. It delves into case studies and real-world applications, highlighting the transformative role of RAISA in enhancing the guest experience and streamlining industry practices. It also explores the future direction of this technology with forecast scenarios and what is changing in the future. This makes it excellent material for practitioners in industry, scholars in hospitality management, and all other students who wish to know more about technology in hospitality.
Revolutionizing the Automobile Industry
Authors: Chavan Lochan , Jindal Priya
Published: April 2024

The automotive supply chain has undergone innovation in several domains due to the extensive and global nature of this business. This chapter encourages participants to explore unknown territory and unveil new opportunities for development and innovation to help the automobile sector rethink its perspective on how it approaches market competition. In the automobile business, traditional characteristics like agility, adaptability, and production efficiency are no longer sufficient to establish and maintain a sustainable competitive edge. To maintain their competitive advantage, leaders in the market for upscale automobiles must introduce new technological solutions and use a customer-focused strategy. This study sheds light on the process through which businesses can go past competition and build “blue oceans,” or uncontested market spaces, that render rivalry unnecessary. Companies need to actively contribute to innovation and seize untapped opportunities rather than just concentrating on competition.
Human Rights and Multinational Corporations in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Banchio Pablo
Published: April 2024

This chapter analyses the complex relationship between multinational companies and human rights in the era of globalization. Although they contribute to economic and social development, these companies also generate challenges, such as violations of human rights and environmental degradation at a global level. The text explores the economic, environmental, and social challenges, as well as legal risks, highlighting the lack of effective mechanisms at both national and international levels. The text examines business impunity in relation to insufficient regulatory loopholes and sanctions, as well as state responsibility in the extractive, textile, and technological sectors. It explores the global perspective of companies as subjects of international law and presents international theories and proposals, such as the UN treaty, as potential solutions. In conclusion, a multidimensional approach is needed to address these challenges, including stricter regulations and changes in state responsibility, in order to balance economic growth with respect for human rights.
Business Judgement Rule and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Ruparčič Jože
Published: April 2024

The business judgement rule provides protection for directors against claims for damages when making business decisions. The rule allows governing bodies to operate without fear if they have acted in good faith. Effectiveness of corporate governance and social responsibility go hand in hand. CSR is also a coherent force of modern entrepreneurship and is the right answer to today's challenges. CSR brings reassurance to society, as it advocates both free economic initiative and social responsibility for environmental, social, and universal social issues. Above all, the social responsibility of entrepreneurs and businesspeople is in their interest, as it raises awareness of the importance of their work and the contribution they make to the community. So, companies which accept CSR are more successful. These are positive synergies within society. CSR is the way of governance (societal and corporate) that takes into consideration social consequences of governance decisions as equally important as economic ones (capital gain).
Role of Human Resource (HR) Analytics and Metaverse in Employee Engagement and Turnover Intention
Authors: Rathi Soni , Kumar Praveen
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the term “HR analytics” and metaverse in HR have become prominent and have progressively been used in organisations as a systematic approach. Some organisations that have adopted the use of metaverse and analytics in their HR departments have been extremely successful. The current chapter strives to attain some objectives; namely, explore the meaning of HR analytics, its importance and benefits, the kinds of HR analytics, the meaning of metaverse, and the role of HR analytics and metaverse in employee engagement and employee turnover. This chapter will include a theoretical analysis to attain the mentioned objectives. The goal is to provide a holistic picture and discuss some aspects like definitions, importance, benefits, types, etc., under HR analytics and the aspects (meaning, role, and benefits).of the metaverse. The use of HR analytics and metaverse have reformed the performance of workforce and escalated efficiency in business, reforming the quality of recruitment, talent management, employee productivity, employee engagement, and diminishing employee turnover.
“The Catalysts of Choice:” Factors influencing the Choice of Specialization Areas by Management Undergraduates in University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Bandara G. R. D. C. D. , Krithika L. , Nisansala M. R. , Premachandra Y. B. , Sukirthan T.
Published: April 2024

This study was contextually undertaken in the Faculty of Management, University of Peradeniya, with two objectives: to explore the contextual factors affecting the selection of specialization and to classify such contextual factors. The qualitative interpretive methodology, precisely a case study strategy, was followed. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 second and third-year students from different ethnicities and genders. The study found that three major arenas, the self, the people, and the information, influence the choice of specialization areas. Theoretically, this is one of the pioneering qualitative explorations on the factors influencing the choice of specialization of management undergraduates of Sri Lankan State universities.
Characteristics of Patients with Wellens Syndrome Who Underwent Coronary Angiogram: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Junaideen M. J. M. , Soooriyagoda S. K. G. P. H. K. , Jayawickreme S. R. , Mayurathan G. , Kularatne A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Wellens syndrome refers to a characteristic set of ECG abnormalities associated with simultaneous severe stenosis of the proximal part of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Early intervention with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is paramount otherwise may result in anterior wall myocardial infarction or even death.Objectives: The major objective of this study was to determine the clinical, echocardiographic and angiographic features which are specific to Wellens syndrome in order to diagnose the patients and manage them urgently to reduce morbidity and mortality.Methodology: 52 patients with Wellens syndrome were recruited for a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the cardiology unit of the National Hospital of Kandy, Sri Lanka. All the recruited patients underwent serial ECGs, blood for cardiac markers, and a comprehensive 2D echocardiogram within 24 hours of admission. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and all the data was analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 23 software.Results: The majority of affected patients were males (71.2%). More than half of the participants had very severe stenosis of LAD (52.1%), one-fifth of them had severe stenosis (22.9%), and about one-third were suffering from triple vessel disease (TVD: 32.69%) according to the angiogram. Characteristically, 83% of diagnosed patients with Wellens syndrome had not complained of any pain during their diagnostic ECG tracing and the majority had normal cardiac troponin levels (82.7%) at the presentation.Conclusions: Even though the ECG findings of Wellens syndrome are highly specific (89%), due to either normal or slightly elevated levels of cardiac markers and the pain-free status of the patients at the presentation often mislead the physicians. Late diagnosis may result in extensive myocardial damage and even death. Therefore, early identification and intervention is vital.
Not Your Typical Anaemia
Authors: Sarathchandra C.
Published: April 2024

No abstract available
Medical Scramble
Authors: Ekanayake N.
Published: April 2024

No abstract available
Comparison of different trapping devices for the capture of Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) and other non-target insects in the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Sciarretta Andrea , Travaglini Tania , Kfoury Linda , Ksentini Ines , Yousef-Yousef Meelad , Sotiras Marios-Ioannis , El Bitar Ahmad , Ksantini Mohieddine , Quesada-Moraga Enrique , Perdikis Dionysios
Published: April 2024

The present study aimed to compare some commercial traps baited with ammonium carbonate for their efficacy in monitoring Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) and their selectivity toward beneficial insects, under the conditions of olive groves located in five Mediterranean countries (Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Spain, Tunisia). The selectivity of the devices was evaluated toward several groups of non-target insects, namely lacewings (Chrysopidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae), ladybirds (Coccinellidae), bees (Apoidea) and hymenopteran parasitoids. The following devices were compared: yellow sticky panel, green sticky panel, Jackson trap with different combinations of yellow and white colours of the device and/or the panel, and McPhail trap. In most cases, the McPhail trap and the yellow panel showed the highest efficacy in monitoring male and female B. oleae flies; however, the yellow panel was most attractive for some groups of non-target insects, particularly the hymenopteran parasitoids, whereas the comparative non-target effects were sitespecific for the other arthropod groups. In the case of Chrysopidae, McPhail caught more individuals than the other traps in Italy and Spain, whereas in Lebanon and Greece, the highest number of individuals was captured in the two sticky panels. Coccinellidae were found in very low numbers only in Lebanon on yellow panels. Syrphidae were captured mainly on sticky panels in Greece and Tunisia. Apoidea were found only on yellow panels in Lebanon. The choice between the McPhail trap and the yellow panel should be made on the basis of various evaluations carried out at the site, including operational ones.
Metabolic reprogramming: a new option for the treatment of spinal cord injury
Authors: Chen Jiangjie , Chen Jinyang , Yu Chao , Xia Kaishun , Yang Biao , Wang Ronghao , Li Yi , Shi Kesi , Zhang Yuang , Xu Haibin , Zhang Xuesong , Wang Jingkai , Chen Qixin , Liang Chengzhen
Published: April 2024

Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society, mainly because of the severe after-effects they cause. Despite the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries, their effectiveness remains unsatisfactory. However, a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries, their consequences, and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic reprogramming. Normal spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic coupling. However, spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes, including the failure of axonal regeneration, the accumulation of scarring, and the activation of microglia. To rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level, potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged, including replenishing metabolic substrates, reconstituting metabolic couplings, and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell fate. The available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury. To further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury, future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism, the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies, and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.
A novel flexible nerve guidance conduit promotes nerve regeneration while providing excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Li Tong , Cheng Quhan , Zhang Jingai , Liu Boxin , Shi Yu , Wang Haoxue , Huang Lijie , Zhang Su , Zhang Ruixin , Wang Song , Lu Guangxu , Tang Peifu , Liu Zhongyang , Wang Kai
Published: April 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202507000-00029/figure1/v/2024-09-09T124005Z/r/image-tiff

Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects > 5 mm in length; however, autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site. As an alternative, nerve guidance conduits may be used. The ideal conduit should be flexible, resistant to kinks and lumen collapse, and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration. We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them. Subsequently, we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen. The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers. The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability. Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model, suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.
Role of chemical exposure in induction and evolution of vitiligo
Authors: Kaur Tanreet , Kaur Tejinder , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: April 2024

Background:

Vitiligo in general is a disease of multiple hypotheses. Some forms of vitiligo vulgaris are in fact caused by household/occupational exposure to certain chemicals which may simply accelerate oxidative stress pathways in melanocytes resulting in their destruction in genetically predisposed individuals.

Aims:

The basic objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to determine the role of chemical exposure in induction and evolution of vitiligo, to find any association between the duration of chemical exposure and the duration of the disease and to observe the outcome of the disease upon avoidance of suspected chemicals.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, the records of 81 patients with vitiligo at Government Medical College, Amritsar were evaluated. The primary data were obtained from the performa containing elaborative details regarding demographic and clinical profile of the patients including type of chemical, site, and duration of chemical exposure. Statistical analysis to detect correlation coefficient (R-value) between duration of chemical exposure and duration of disease was performed using SPSS 22.0 version software. Outcome of the disease upon avoidance of chemicals was also documented.

Results:

In a total of 81 patients of vitiligo, 41.97% were employed in leather industry, 12.34% patients were laborer involved in cement work, 35.41% of females were exposed to household chemicals present in detergents, etc., and 27.7% of the males were farmer by occupation. Acrofacial pattern was observed in 56.79% patients followed by generalized type (29.62% patients). Only 28.39% patients reported symptoms such as pruritus, burning sensation, and erythema at the site of exposure. About 69.13% patients (n = 56) showed positive correlation between site of chemical exposure and site of onset of vitiligo. The mean duration of vitiligo was 6.20 ± 2.51 years and mean duration of chemical exposure was 11.20 ± 4.51 years. The duration of disease and duration of chemical exposure showed no correlation (R = +0.134 and P = 0.490). There was significant reduction in mean percentage of body surface area involved with vitiligo in fully compliant patients (P = 0.01) versus noncompliant patients (P = 0.07).

Conclusion:

It was observed that several chemical compounds, most of which containing phenol groups in their structure, have role in triggering vitiligo. Complete avoidance of exposure has definite role in haulting the progression of the disease. However, more prospective cohort studies are needed in future to determine the causality.
Nonmelasma facial melanosis
Authors: Jha Shilpa , Singh G.K. , Chatterjee Manas , Neema Shekhar , Basu Atoshi , Banerjee Santanu
Published: April 2024

Background:

Paucity of literature and non consensus on clinicohistopathological features amongst the nonmelasma facial melanosis for example lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD), macular amyloidosis, acanthosis nigricans, pigmented demarcation line, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, etc., make them difficult to diagnose and equally challenging to treat.

Materials and Methods:

It was a prospective, uncontrolled study, conducted at tertiary hospital at eastern India in 100 patients presenting with facial hyperpigmentation who agreed to undergo 3 mm skin biopsy during Jan 2014 to Jun 2015. Cases of melasma were excluded by clinical, Woods lamp examination and if required dermoscopy. Details of history, physical examination, histopathological examination, and Immunohistochemical studies were recorded. Melan A was used as melanocytic differentiation marker while CD4, CD8 were used as inflammatory markers. Mean ± SD, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, degree of agreement by Cohen's Kappa were calculated. P-value was considered significant if ≤0.05.

Results:

44 males and 56 females (56%) (M: F=1:1.24) with mean age of 45.98 years and median duration of illness of 28 months (5 months-13 years) were studied. Out of 43 confirmed cases of PCD, 16 had associated hypothyroidism (chi square 6.11, P-value 0.0134). Maximum patients belonged PCD (n = 47) followed by LPP (n = 27). Maximum concordance of clinical and histopathological diagnosis was present in PCD and LPP (Cohen kappa more than 0.9). Epidermal atrophy and band like inflammatory infiltrate were statistically significant features in LPP (P < 0.001). There was no histopathological and immunohistochemical correlation. Overall, clinical histopathological concordance rate was 77%.

Conclusion:

Subset of nonmelasma facial melanosis is difficult to diagnose clinically which require further confirmation by histopathological examination. Small number of patients in other groups apart from PCD and LPP and uncontrolled study were major limitations of this study.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic camouflage among dermatology residents
Authors: Sandhu Jasleen Kumar , Pande Purva , Bhalla Mala
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cosmetic camouflage, used to temporarily normalize appearance, has been shown to improve quality of life in patients with visible disfiguring skin disorders. Its integration into the daily dermatology practice is affected by many hurdles, including dermatologists’ perception about it. Knowledge gained during residency teaching likely affects future practices.

Aims:

This questionnaire-based survey study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about cosmetic camouflage among dermatology residents.

Methods:

Dermatology residents in four tertiary care hospitals were contacted for voluntary participation by anonymously filling out a questionnaire devised to assess the awareness of cosmetic camouflage among dermatology residents, various indications of recommendation, any inhibitions in recommending camouflage, problems faced while recommending, and so on.

Results:

Nearly all (30 of 31; 96.8%) of the dermatology residents in the survey were aware of cosmetic camouflage, but translation of this into practice was low as only about half (17 out of 31, 54.8%) had recommended it. Commonest indication known to the residents was vitiligo (27; 87.1%). The most frequent situation for recommendation felt by 20 (64.5%) respondents was in patients with significant disease related psychological morbidity. Most (18; 58.1%) respondents felt one or the other inhibition in recommending camouflage. The respondents felt that the commonest problem faced while recommending camouflage was availability of the camouflage products (21; 67.7%). Majority (13; 41.9%) thought it only had a “somewhat” role in dermatology.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the need to improve early education in residency regarding the option of cosmetic camouflage to address the cosmetic concerns of patients. Setting up of camouflage clinics in teaching hospitals may help in this.
A 4-year follow-up study of 20 cases of stable localized childhood vitiligo treated by autologous, noncultured melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation
Authors: Abdul Latheef Ettappurath N. , Rahima S. , Muhammed K. , Riyaz Najeeba
Published: April 2024

Background:

Vitiligo is a common skin disease affecting 1% to 2% of general population. Even though different modalities of treatment available, it remains as a difficult disease to treat. Many cases remain stable after a period of medical therapy without any further response. For treating pediatric vitiligo, currently available and result providing therapies are limited. Surgical techniques are the only hope in such patients. Only limited studies are available regarding surgical interventions in childhood vitiligo.

Aim:

To evaluate the response of autologous, noncultured melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation in childhood stable vitiligo.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted in 20 cases of stable localized childhood vitiligo (10 segmental and 10 focal) treated by autologous, noncultured melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation. Serial photographs were taken from the first visit onwards. The patients were followed for a period of 4 years. The results were analyzed on a visual analog scale.

Results:

Out of total 20 cases, 11 had excellent (90–100%) response, 4 had good (60–89%), 2 had fair (25–59%), and 3 had poor response (0–24%). Age and sex of the patients and size and duration of lesions did not show significant influence on results of transplantation.

Conclusion:

This is a simple, safe, and effective surgical therapy for replenishing the missing melanocytes even in resistant cases of vitiligo. Only limited studies are there in childhood vitiligo. In spite of its invasive nature, it can be used to treat localized stable vitiligo in children.
Cross-sectional study on clinical profile and quality of life of individuals with occulocutaneous albinism in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ayanlowo Olusola O. , Akinkugbe Ayesha O. , Onakoya Adeola , Otrofanowei Erere , Odiase Ogogho A. , Olumide Yetunde M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Albinism is a genetic disorder of pigmentation with variable phenotypic presentations. Albinism occurs all over the world, with highest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common type is oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), an autosomal recessive disorder. Albinism is associated with morbidity and mortality in Africans. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of OCA, clinical expressions, and effect on the quality of life (QoL).

Methods:

Individuals with albinism were invited through the albino foundations and dermatology clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Structured questionnaires were used to document demographic and clinical data: occupational history, sun exposure, sun protective behavior, knowledge of adverse effects of sun exposure, and QoL and features of photodamage.

Results:

A total of 142 Nigerians with albinism were recruited. The male to female ratio was 1:1.25. The median age was 22.5 and interquartile range 10.25 to 34. Knowledge of need for sun protection was found in 129 (90.8%): 81 (57%) had daily sun exposure and 61 (43%) had work exposure to sun. Use of sun protection was noted in 103 (72.5%). Overall, photodamage was found in 136 subjects (95.8%). Mean effect of albinism and photodamage on QoL was 6.34 ± 4.47 (standard deviation) corresponding to moderate effect on QoL and domain of “symptoms and feelings” was most affected.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of photodamage among people with albinism is high despite knowledge of sun protection. There is need for efforts on photoprotection by individuals with albinism and public health interventions.
Childhood onset vitiligo − clinical profile and impact on quality of life of family members
Authors: Augustine Mary , John Vimal
Published: April 2024

Background:

Vitiligo, a chronic disease, is distressing for patients and family. There are only a few studies on childhood onset vitiligo that describe its prognosis.

Aim:

To study the clinical and epidemiologic features of childhood onset vitiligo and to assess its impact on quality of life (QoL) of family members.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with vitiligo, with onset before 12 years of age. Clinicoepidemiologic profile was recorded. QoL of family members was assessed using family dermatology life quality index (FDLQI).

Results:

Fifty-four patients with age ranging from 1.2 to 41 years were included. Mean age of onset was 6.68 ± 3.43 years. Generalized vitiligo was most common (33.33%), followed by segmental (31.48%), acrofacial (24.07%), mucosal (7.40%), universal (1.85%), and focal (1.85%) types. About 42% had mucosal involvement, oral mucosa in 27.78%, and genital mucosa in 14.81%. Leukotrichia was significantly more common in segmental vitiligo (SV) than nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) (P = 0.000046). Of the 9 adult NSV patients, progressive disease was reported in 6 with 10 years duration and 2 with 20 years duration. Mean FDLQI was 7.02 ± 3.64; emotional distress having maximum score (1.09). There was no significant association between total FDLQI and age (P = 0.69), gender (P = 0.528), clinical type (P = 0.874), vitiligo disease activity (VIDA) score (P = 0.105), or site of involvement (P = 0.07).

Conclusion:

NSV can be progressive for many years; a fact to be kept in mind while planning management of childhood onset vitiligo. QoL of family is affected regardless of the clinicoepidemiologic profile.
Significance of the distolingual vestibule and lingual aspects of the mandible in prosthodontics: An in vivo study
Authors: Rastogi Isha , Patel Prima
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Managing and treating severely resorbed ridges is a challenge for the dentist. Especially, in older geriatric patients who have this problem. Till now, the classification by Neil is well accepted by all for the distolingual vestibule region and lingual area.

Materials and Methods:

We studied 500 patients with the presence of mandibular second molar teeth aged 20–50 years. The mirror method and a special instrument were used to view the section of the distolingual aspect present in the lingual area as well as the oral cavity.

Results:

The records were seen and studied well for the class and lingual region present.

Conclusion:

The distolingual alveolar sulcus and lingual region in the mandible are a guide for the tray to be used. We recorded this region in the patients by our technique.
A prospective randomized comparative study of analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine versus dexamethasone as an adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided interscalene block
Authors: Patel Parth , Bose Neeta , Vasava Jayesh C. , Aterkar Vrushali , Chandnani Anup , Tanna Dhara
Published: April 2024

Background:

Ultrasound (USG)-guided interscalene block (ISB) provides excellent anesthesia and analgesia for humerus surgery. Various adjuvants have been used to improve the quality of block and duration of analgesia.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DXM) and dexamethasone (DXA) as an adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block among patients undergoing humerus surgery.

Settings and Design:

The study design was a prospective randomized comparative study at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:

After ethical approval and CTRI registration, 52 patients of 18–60 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiology Grade I–II, scheduled for proximal and mid-shaft humerus surgery were randomly allocated in Groups A and B. Group A (n=26) received Ropivacaine 0.75% (20 ml) along with DXM 0.5 µg/ Kg and 2 ml saline (total 22 ml) and Group B (n=26) received Ropivacaine 075% along with DXA 8 mg (total 22 ml). ISB was performed with an in-plane technique using a linear probe. Duration of analgesia, block characteristics (onset, complete sensory, and motor block), and complications were recorded and compared for 24 h.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were statistically analyzed with Social Science Statistics. Student’s unpaired t-test and Chi-square tests were used, and all statistical tests were examined with P ≤ 0.05 level of significance.

Results:

The duration of analgesia in Group B was significantly longer than Group A (13 h 12 min ± 2 h 33 min–8 h 48 min ± 1 h 52 min, P < 0.00001). The groups were comparable regarding block characteristics, baseline demographics, and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters.

Conclusion:

DXA as an adjuvant to ropivacaine provides analgesia for longer duration compared to DXM in USG-guided ISB.
February 6th, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and the disaster management algorithm of adult emergency medicine in Turkey: An experience review
Authors: Yilmaz Sarper , Tatliparmak Ali Cankut , Karakayali Onur , Turk Mehmet , Uras Nimet , Ipek Mustafa , Polat Dicle , Yazici Mümin Murat , Yilmaz Serkan
Published: April 2024

This compilation covers emergency medical management lessons from the February 6th Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The objective is to review relevant literature on emergency services patient management, focusing on Koenig’s 1996 Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) and Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint (SAVE) frameworks. Establishing a comprehensive seismic and mass casualty incident (MCI) protocol chain is the goal. The prehospital phase of seismic MCIs treats hypovolemia and gets patients to the nearest hospital. START-A plans to expedite emergency patient triage and pain management. The SAVE algorithm is crucial for the emergency patient secondary assessment. It advises using Glasgow Coma Scale, Mangled Extremity Severity Score, Burn Triage Score, and Safe Quake Score for admission, surgery, transfer, discharge, and outcomes. This compilation emphasizes the importance of using diagnostic tools like bedside blood gas analyzers and ultrasound devices during the assessment process, drawing from 6 February earthquake research. The findings create a solid framework for improving emergency medical response strategies, making them applicable in similar situations.
Glaucoma Detection Using Explainable AI and Deep Learning
Authors: Afreen Najeeba , Aluvalu Rajanikanth
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is an incurable eye syndrome and the second leading reason of vision loss. A retinal scan is usually used to detect it. Glaucoma poses a challenge to predict in its nascent stages because the side effects of glaucoma are not recognized until the advanced stages of the disease are reached. Therefore, regular eye examinations are important and recommended. Manual glaucoma screening methods are labour-intensive and time-consuming processes. However, deep learning-based glaucoma detection methods reduce the need for manual work and improve accuracy and speed. OBJECTIVES:  conduct a literature analysis of latest technical publications using various AI, Machine learning, and Deep learning methodologies for automated glaucoma detection.  RESULTS: There are 329 Scopus articles on glaucoma detection using retinal images. The quantitative review presented state-of-art methods from different research publications and articles and the usage of a fundus image database for qualitative and quantitative analysis. This paper presents the execution of Explainable AI for Glaucoma prediction Analysis. Explainable AI (XAI) is artificial intelligence (AI) that allows humans to understand AI decisions and predictions. This contrasts with the machine learning “black box” concept, where even the designer cannot explain why the AI made certain decisions. XAI is committed to improving user performance. To provide reliable explanations for Glaucoma forecasting from unhealthy and diseased photos, XAI primarily employs an Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). CONCLUSION: This article proposes and compares the performance metrics of ANFIS & SNN fuzzy layers, VGG19, AlexNet, ResNet, and MobileNet.
Effects of parasitic gate capacitance and gate resistance on radiofrequency performance in LG = 0.15 μm GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors for X‐band applications
Authors: Chang Sung‐Jae , Jeong Hyeon‐Seok , Jung Hyun‐Wook , Choi Su‐Min , Choi Il‐Gyu , Noh Youn‐Sub , Kim Seong‐Il , Lee Sang‐Heung , Ahn Ho‐Kyun , Kang Dong Min , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Lim Jong‐Won
Published: April 2024

The effects of the parasitic gate capacitance and gate resistance (Rg) on the radiofrequency (RF) performance are investigated in LG = 0.15 μm GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors with T‐gate head size ranging from 0.83 to 1.08 μm. When the device characteristics are compared, the difference in DC characteristics is negligible. The RF performance in terms of the current‐gain cut‐off frequency (fT) and maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) substantially depend on the T‐gate head size. For clarifying the T‐gate head size dependence, small‐signal modeling is conducted to extract the parasitic gate capacitance and Rg. When the T‐gate head size is reduced from 1.08 to 0.83 μm, Rg increases by 82%, while fT and fmax improve by 27% and 26%, respectively, because the parasitic gate–source and gate–drain capacitances reduce by 19% and 43%, respectively. Therefore, minimizing the parasitic gate capacitance is more effective that reducing Rg in our transistor design and fabrication, leading to improved RF performance when reducing the T‐gate head size.
Editorial
Authors: Thurman Chris , De Waal Marguerite
Published: April 2024

No Abstract
Exploring Gender Relations via Shakespeare: Students’ perspectives on Shakespeare’s life
Authors: Nkealah Naomi , Simango John
Published: April 2024

In this article, we discuss the application of feminist theory and criticism in the teaching of Shakespeare in higher education institutions and consider biographical approaches to Shakespeare as instructive for pedagogic engagements with students. We present an analysis of students’ responses to a short YouTube video about Shakespeare’s life used in a second-year English course for pre-service teachers at a South African university. The design and implementation of the course was informed by feminist Shakespeare criticism and theory which challenges the misogynistic attitudes and patriarchal ideologies embedded in Shakespeare’s works, as well as the sexist images of women appearing in many of his plays and poems. The analysis of students’ responses to Shakespeare’s life reveals that students found him to be an absent and a fugitive father and husband as well as a misogynist. Students nevertheless expressed sympathy for Shakespeare, which was neither dismissive nor defensive of his absenteeism and sexism. We argue therefore that the students’ responses echoed feminist interventions that counter the masculinist perspectives dominant in many biographical studies of Shakespeare.
Transforming Romeo and Juliet in a Juvenile Detention Centre in Italy: A decolonising approach to Prison Shakespeare
Authors: Fossati Marta
Published: April 2024

This article examines an Italian Prison Shakespeare initiative based at the Cesare Beccaria juvenile detention centre in Milan and facilitated by the University of Milan and the theatre company Puntozero in 2022. In particular, it focuses on the young inmates’ reappropriation and recontextualisation of Romeo and Juliet, arguing that the structure of the 2022 workshops and final play allows for the empowerment of the participants, decentring the problematic authority of Shakespeare. Through the exploration of a case study that exemplifies a decolonising approach to Shakespeare in the marginal(ised) context of prison, my discussion ultimately invites reflection on the alleged ‘transformative’ aims and impact of Prison Shakespeare.
OPTIMALISASI BIAYA PENGIRIMAN PAKET MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST COST DAN LINGO PADA PT. SICEPAT EKSPRES INDONESIA
Authors: Rinaldi Dikdik , Pribadi Nur Aditio , Fadhil Muhammad , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: April 2024

Transportation is a very important means in supporting the success of the delivery of a good. In almost all expedition service companies, transportation acts as the spearhead in the company's success because it can be one of the factors of consumer satisfaction. Transportation problems occur a lot in the distribution of goods that are not appropriate, so the cost of shipping can be very high. By using the transportation model, shipping costs can be optimized and distribution lines will be more precise. The research method is used to solve various problems that occur by using Least Cost by evaluating stepping stone methods and proving using Lingo
PENERAPAN BIAYA TRANSPORTASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN ALAT SWAB TEST COVID-19 MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST COST DAN LINGO
Authors: Rahmansah Robby
Published: April 2024

Optimization of distribution transportation costs of PT. Batara Husindo Raya aims to obtain optimal transportation costs in the distribution of the Covid-19 Swab Test Tool from agents to hospitals. The application of the initial solution of the transportation model using the Least Cost method and determining the optimal solution using the Lingo method. From the calculation results obtained the initial solution of . 120,000,000 and the optimal solution is . 120,000,000. This shows that the calculation using the lowest cost method and the term to produce the same optimal value
ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS MESIN FILLING KRIM PADA PT. XYZ DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Nafia Isya , Kamila Azizah Nur , Isdy Andhika Putrana , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the value of the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) factor on the cream filling machine at PT XYZ. OEE is one of the standards for measuring manufacturing productivity and identifying the percentage of production time that is productive. OEE Is the single best metric for identifying losses, comparing progress, and increasing productivity of manufacturing equipment. This research was conducted at the company PT. XYZ by taking production data for the period November 2020 - February 2021 on the cream filling machine at the company PT XYZ. Based on data processing carried out on the cream filling machine at PT XYZ, in OEE 3 measurement factors are used as references to determine the OEE value on a machine, including Availability, Performance, Quality, the results of the availability, performance, and quality measurements are 90, 64%, 97.27%, and 97.52%, it can be seen that the Rate of Quality in this filling machine is 97.52%, which means that the product does not meet the World Class requirements, namely > 99.9%. The results of OEE obtained are 85.97%. It can be concluded that the OEE value of the cream filling machine at PT XYZ meets the World Class OEE requirements, namely > 85%
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PANEL VAR PADA HUBUNGAN INFLASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR
Authors: Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson , Arsani Ade Marsinta , Satwika Artha , Rochman Abdul Gofur
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the causality relationship between the growth of the money supply (JUB) and inflation. The data used is panel data from 6 ASEAN countries in the 2009-2020 period. The analysis used is the Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) model. The results showed a two-way causality relationship between the inflation rate and the growth of the money supply. The increase in inflation will reduce the growth of the money supply. Conversely an increase in the money supply will increase inflation. The government should keep these two macro variables balanced through existing fiscal and monetary instruments, for example with interest rate policy and price control, especially related to the price of staples and fuel
PENERAPAN KONSEP COST REDUCTION PROGRAM DALAM UPAYA MENURUNKAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI RUMAH PAKAN LELE ABAH HERMAN
Authors: Lestari Dhea Ayu , T Muchamad Iqbal Taufik , Rachman Heru
Published: April 2024

Abah Herman Catfish Feed House is one of the animal feed distributors in the Bandung City area that distributes catfish feed to the ciganitri and cijambe areas Over the past few years there has been an increase in shipping costs due to an increase in maintenance costs and other costs which has resulted in a decrease in shop profits.
Therefore, a way is needed that can reduce the cost of such distribution. One way that can be done is to identify and analyze the factors causing the increase in distribution costs by applying the kaizen concept with the PDCA (Plan – Do – Check – Action) stage, which first selects the type of transportation mode that previously used cars to switch to using motorcycles. The process of data processing in solving problems with the PDCA method will be easier to do with the support of the points in the kaizen and cost reduction programs.
The result of the evaluation of the implementation of the cost reduction program concept with Kaizen costing PDCA is a decrease in distribution costs by 6.5% after the replacement of transportation modes using 2 vario 150 motorcycles
ANALISIS BIAYA OPERASIONAL KENDARAAN (BOK) PADA PENGIRIMAN ENGINE CN-235
Authors: Romadhoni Achmad , Komara Aris , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: April 2024

PT Dirgantara Indonesia is a trusted center of excellence in the field of engineering, maintenance, repair and overhoul of gas turbine systems and rotating equipment leading in Southeast Asia. PT dirgantara Indonesia also carries out periodic maintenance that must be carried out by every owner who buys an aircraft at PT Dirgantara Indonesia, one of which is to carry out repairs, maintenance and overhouls on the engine, because engine overhoul repairs must be carried out at PT Nusantara Turbin and Propulsi, so they want to research vehicle operational costs (BOK) for the transfer of the engine from PT Dirgantara Indonesia to PT Nusantara Turbin and Propulsion or vice versa. The calculation is carried out by calculating fixed costs per year, calculating variable costs per year and calculating transport costs to get shipping rates based on dimensions and weight. From the calculation of the shipping cost based on dimensions of Rp. 61,824,100 / box and the basic shipping rate based on weight of Rp. 147,905 / kg. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan diperoleh Biaya Tetap dan Biaya Variabel dengan jumlah sebesar Rp 190.228.000/forklift/tahun
IMPLEMENTASI PENGETAHUAN KE AGAMAAN TERHADAP PRILAKU SOCIAL ANAK DI SEKOLSH DASAR ISLAM TIRTAYASA
Authors: Mubarok Ahmad , Rahmatullah M. Asep
Published: April 2024

Education is a knowledge transformation effort carried out by educators to students to educate the children of the Indonesian nation. Religious education is the first and foremost basis that must be owned by every citizen of the nation, especially the nation's children as the next generation, successor and perfection of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In this study the authors used qualitative research with survey methods with a correlational approach which was carried out at SD Islam Tirtayasa Serang Banten by involving students in grades, four, five and six. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentary studies. Data analysis used correlational analysis with the product moment formula correlation technique
MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI ANAK MELALUI “REWARD ASYIK” DI TK NEGERI PEDESAAN
Authors: Dewi Ayu Vera , Watini Sri
Published: April 2024

Self-confidence is an important thing for early childhood to have, because having confidence will grow courage and increase children's enthusiasm to learn. Confidence is the ability of children to express feelings, be able to interact with others and dare to face life in the environment. At the Rural State Kindergarten, Walantaka District, Serang City, there are still some children who are not confident, such as lack of communication, not daring to express their feelings or opinions, not daring to answer the teacher's questions, being afraid and embarrassed to come to the front of the class. This research was conducted to increase the self-confidence of children aged 4-6 years in Rural State Kindergarten, Walantaka District, Serang City by using the "Reward Fun" Learning Model. Starting from a lack of confidence in children when they are playing. The “Reward Fun” learning method is a learning innovation developed by Sri Watini who has received a patent for a copyrighted work from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. In "Reward Fun" it is expected to be able to increase children's confidence in learning and playing, so that it will have a positive influence on the child which will continue to be felt throughout his life so that the child can develop optimally
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL PADA KONSEP KENAMPAKAN ALAM MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING JIGSAW DI KELAS 3 SDN KUBANG KEMIRI
Authors: Mubarok Ahmad
Published: April 2024

This research is a Classroom Action Research, carried out collaboratively between researchers, observers, and the subjects studied. The purpose of this study was to improve social studies learning outcomes for third grade students through the application of the jigsaw learning model. The subjects of this study were 35 students of class III at SDN Kubang Kemiri. This research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four main actions, namely planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. And held two meetings each cycle. At the end of each cycle a test is held using the question instrument. The results showed that there was an increase in the acquisition of the average student score, namely the first cycle obtained a value of .65, and the second cycle 75. Likewise, from the results of observations of student activity there was an increase. The first cycle is 17, and the second cycle is 22. This study concludes that the application of the jigsaw learning model can improve student learning outcomes in Social Science Subject Subject Natural Appearance Class III SDN Kubang Kemiri. In addition, this learning model also increases student participation and learning activities in the learning process