bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Разрушение алюминий-магниевого сплава при воздействии импульсного лазерного излучения в условиях ползучести
Authors: Шибков А.А. , Золотов А.Е. , Гасанов М.Ф. , Желтов М.А. , Проскуряков К.А. , Кочегаров С.С.
Published: October 2018

Abstract —Using high-speed video recording, the stages of predestruction and development of a main crack initiated by pulsed infrared laser radiation on the surface of the AlMg6 aluminum–magnesium alloy deformed by the uniaxial tensile testing under creep conditions are studied. The role of macroscopic bands of plastic strain in the development of the last deformation jump with an amplitude of about 10%, and the generation and propagation of the main crack is revealed. A possible mechanism of fracture is discussed.
Критический ток фазового перехода в тонких пленках нитрида ниобия
Authors: Васютин М.А. , Кузьмичев Н.Д. , Шилкин Д.А.
Published: October 2018

Abstract —The effect of current and magnetic field on the transition to the superconducting state in niobium nitride thin films has been studied. The critical current dependences of the films on the temperature and magnetic field in the transition region have been determined. Within the framework of models of a normal domain and quasiparticle heating during viscous flow of a magnetic flux, the functional dependences of the critical current have been determined in close vicinity of the superconducting transition temperature. Using the theory of electron heating, we have determined the time of the electron energy relaxation. We also estimated the electron-phonon and the electron-electron inelastic scattering times, the diffusion coefficient of electrons, and heat transfer coefficient.
Высокотемпературная лазерная генерация квантово-каскадных лазеров в спектральной области 8 mum
Authors: Дюделев В.В. , Лосев С.Н. , Мыльников В.Ю. , Бабичев А.В. , Когновицкая Е.А. , Слипченко С.О. , Лютецкий А.В. , Пихтин Н.А. , Гладышев А.Г. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Новиков И.И. , Егоров А.Ю. , Кучинский В.И. , Соколовский Г.С.
Published: October 2018

Abstract —In this paper, we present studies of the characteristics of quantum-cascade lasers with a generation wavelength in the region of 8 μm at high temperatures of up to + 65°C. The characteristic temperatures of the temperature dependences of the threshold current and the differential efficiency are determined. Spectral studies showed the presence of two generation lines with a short wavelength of ~7800 nm and a long-wave wavelength of ~8100 nm. The observed competition between the short-wave and long-wave generation lines leads to a nonmonotonic character of the dependence of the radiation intensity on the pump current.
Наносекундная динамика разрушения гетерогенных природных тел при трении
Authors: Веттегрень В.И. , Пономарев А.В. , Arora K. , Raza Haris , Мамалимов Р.И. , Щербаков И.П. , Фокин И.В.
Published: October 2018

Abstract —Luminescence caused by friction of heterogeneous solids (basalt and granite) was investigated, the spectra are recorded, and the dynamics of the luminescence intensity were studied. Under friction, the crystal lattices of these bodies are destroyed, and the luminescenting ≡Si–O^– free radicals and Fe^3+ ions and electron traps located on the surface of microcracks are formed. The dynamics of accumulation of microcracks is investigated at a time resolution of 2 ns, and their sizes determined to be about 6–10 μm.
Внутрирезонаторная волноводная спектроскопия тонких пленок
Authors: Шульга А.В. , Хомченко А.В. , Шилова И.В.
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe method of intracavity waveguide spectroscopy for measuring low optical losses in thin films is proposed. The method also allows one to distinguish transverse and longitudinal modes in low-gain lasers without introducing considerable losses into the cavity.
Диэлектрические потери в MPCVD-алмазах в полосах частот 25-30 и 250-350 GHz в зависимости от параметров процесса роста
Authors: Гарин Б.М. , Паршин В.В. , Серов Е.А. , Николенко А.С. , Лю Я.Ц. , Дин М.Х. , Тан В.Чж.
Published: October 2018

AbstractA complex systematic study of the effect of various parameters of the CVD diamond growth in a microwave plasma (MPCVD diamonds), such as substrate temperature, the chemical composition of a gas mixture, etc., on dielectric losses in two frequency bands (25–30 and 250–350 GHz) for more than ten samples of various series is carried out. A correlation between the values of the losses in these two frequency bands is identified.
Наблюдение расщепления Раби уровней атома кислорода в плазме филаментов, созданных фемтосекундным импульсом титан-сапфирового лазера
Authors: Ильин А.A. , Майор А.Ю. , Прощенко Д.Ю.
Published: October 2018

AbstractDynamics of the emission spectrum of a highly focused femtosecond laser pulse under filamentation in air have been investigated. A peak at 735 nm and a drop in the laser-beam intensity at the fundamental wavelength are observed in the spectrum of a laser pulse passed through the filamentation zone. It is shown that the peak is likely due to the Rabi splitting of the O I levels and breaking of the LS coupling for the 3 p ^5 P level in a strong laser field.
Влияние формы плавника и толщины скрытого оксидного слоя на DIBL-эффект в FinFET-транзисторе, изготовленном по технологии "кремний на изоляторе"
Authors: Абдикаримов А.Э. , Юсупов А. , Атамуратов А.Э.
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we simulated the dependence of the effect of reducing the drain-induced barrier lowering on the thickness of a buried oxide layer in a finned (vertical) metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (FinFET) based on silicon-on-insulator technology. Three shapes of the fin with the rectangle, trapezoid, and triangle cross sections were considered. The drain-induced barrier lowering effect significantly depends on both the fin shape and the thickness of the buried oxide layer. The smallest drain-induced barrier lowering effect occurs when the thickness of the buried oxide layer is small for the fin of a triangular shape. This behavior of the drain-induced barrier lowering effect is strongly correlated with the behavior of the parasitic capacitance between a gate and a source.
Режимы излучения двухсекционных лазеров спектрального диапазона 1.06 μm с активной областью на основе квантовых точек
Authors: Гаджиев И.М. , Буяло М.С. , Паюсов А.С. , Губенко А.Е. , Михрин С.С. , Неведомский В.Н. , Портной Е.Л.
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have investigated two-sectional semiconductor lasers with an active region comprising five layers of InGaAs quantum dots, emitting in the spectral range near 1.06 μm. Regimes of passive mode-locking, passive Q-switching, and mode-locking with pulse modulated amplitude are realized. The transition conditions between generation regimes are investigated. The frequency tuning range with current increase in the Q-switched regime exceeds more than 4 times. The duration of the mode-locked pulses was 2 ps at the pulse repetition rate of 44.3 GHz.
Интенсификация теплообмена в нагреваемой пленке жидкости при воздействии внешних искусственных возмущений
Authors: Чиннов Е.А. , Шарина И.А.
Published: October 2018

AbstractHeat transfer in a heated film of distilled water under the action of external artificial perturbations with “the most dangerous wavelength” and variation in the Reynolds number from 300 to 500 has been studied. It has been shown that the action of artificial perturbations with an increase in the heat flux density leads to a change in the rivulet-wave structure of the flow, increase in wave amplitudes, and, finally, heat transfer enhancement.
Цепочечная модель зигзагообразного контакта латеральных графеноподобных гетероструктур
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: October 2018

AbstractA simple structural model is proposed for the zigzag interface formed by contacting two-dimensional graphene-like compounds AB and CD (both free and formed on a metal). For the graphene–hexagonal boron nitride system, analytical expressions for the electron spectrum, density of states, and atom occupation numbers at the interface are obtained. The results of calculating the densities of states and occupation numbers within two alternative approximations are in good agreement.
Формирование нанофазного смачивающего слоя и рост металла на полупроводнике
Authors: Плюснин Н.И.
Published: October 2018

AbstractBased on the data on the atomic density of a film and degree of its homogeneity during the formation of the interface between 3 d transition metals (Cr, Co, Fe, or Cu) and silicon, a new concept of forming a contact between a reactive metal and a semiconductor has been justified. According to this concept, the low-temperature vapor-phase deposition of a metal onto a semiconductor is accompanied by the formation of a two-dimensional nanophase wetting layer of a metal or its mixture with silicon with a thickness of several monolayers, which significantly affects the interface formation and structure. This concept changes a perspective of forming a contact between a metal and a semiconductor substrate: it is necessary to take into account not only the formation of surface phases and clusters and/or the mixing process, but also the effect of elastic wetting of a substrate by the forming phases.
Эффект локализации деформации в монокристаллах Cu-Al-Ni при изгибе продольной силой
Authors: Пульнев С.А. , Прядко А.И. , Чикиряка А.В. , Николаев В.И.
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe behavior of a superelastic Cu−14.2% Al−4%Ni single crystal in the case of high reversible strains under a longitudinal bending force was investigated. The effect of strain confinement along the crystal length was revealed and studied. The highest reversible strains (up to 10%) were shown to be confined within the central part of the bent crystal.
Влияние пластической деформации в мартенситном состоянии на развитие эффектов сверхэластичности и памяти формы в сплавах на основе никелида титана
Authors: Лотков А.И. , Гришков В.Н. , Жапова Д.Ю. , Гусаренко А.А. , Тимкин В.Н.
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe superelasticity and shape memory effects upon torsional straining of samples of the binary titanium nickelide based alloy with the B 19' martensitic phase structure have been investigated. It has been found that, in samples plastically strained during their loading up to a specified torsional strain of ~39%, the superelasticity value can attain 6.3%, which is comparable with the classical superelasticity effect. The superelasticity manifestation in the martensitic state upon torsion straining of the samples has been compared with the results of similar studies on tensile straining of the titanium nickelide-based alloy samples.
Тепловые характеристики высокоэффективных фотоэлектрических преобразователей мощного лазерного излучения
Authors: Андреев В.М. , Давидюк Н.Ю. , Малевский Д.А. , Покровский П.В. , Садчиков Н.А. , Чекалин А.В. , Андреева А.В.
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe influence exerted by the heat removal conditions on the extent of overheating of photovoltaic converters of high-power (>10^3 W/cm^2) laser light has been studied. The temperature of the p–n junction of photovoltaic cells was measured by recording the instantaneous values of the open-circuit voltage generated by laser light. The effect of cooling in high-efficiency photovoltaic cells (efficiency = 55%) via removal of a substantial part of absorbed optical power by the photocurrent into the external load was demonstrated. It was shown that, at laser radiation power of 2.5 W, the overheating of a photocell with an area of 1.7 × 10^–3 cm^2 relative to the copper heatsink temperature is 48°C in the no-load conditions and 30°C in operation with the optimal load.
Исследование in situ кинетики твердофазной реакции, активированной энергией упругих напряжений при формировании наноразмерной пленочной структуры Cu/As-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Когай В.Я.
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor the first time, the kinetics of a solid-phase chemical reaction activated by the energy of elastic stresses generated upon the formation of the Cu/As_2Se_3 nanosized film structure is investigated in situ. It is shown that the time at which a solid-phase chemical reaction starts, as well as the voltage of the Cu/As_2Se_3 heterolayer, significantly depends on the thickness of the As_2Se_3 film. At a critical thickness of the As_2Se_3 film, which is equal to 110 nm, a threshold value of the energy of elastic stresses is achieved. Relaxation of this energy over new defects (micropores and microcracks) generated in the film system leads to the activation of a solid-phase chemical reaction and an increase in its rate. A mechanism of the operation of a positive feedback between the chemical reaction in a solid phase and elastic stresses is proposed.
Эмиссионные свойства металлопористых катодов, модифицированных наноуглеродом
Authors: Крачковская Т.М. , Мельников Л.А.
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe results of studying the emissive ability, structure, and elemental composition of the surface of an impregnated cathode with a fine-grained tungsten matrix with addition of polyhedral multilayer carbon nanostructures of the fulleroid type (0.2−0.7 wt %), impregnated with barium-calcium aluminate with addition of sulfoadduct of carbon nanoclusters (0.1−0.2 wt %), are presented. The tests in diode prototypes showed that these cathodes provide a current density of 20 A/cm^2.
Оптическая характеризация дефектности двумерных кристаллитов MoS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Лавров С.Д. , Шестакова А.П. , Авдижиян А.Ю. , Мишина Е.Д.
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo-dimensional molybdenum disulfide crystallites grown by mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition have been studied. It is shown that both methods can be used to obtain individual crystallites with a monoatomic thickness and similar optical properties. It is found that crystallites grown by chemical vapor deposition have a higher defect concentration than those grown by mechanical exfoliation.
Разработка и исследование фотовольтаических структур на основе слоев квантовых точек PbS с различными лигандами
Authors: Звайгзне М.А. , Александров А.Е. , Гольтяпин Я.В. , Лыпенко Д.А. , Тамеев А.Р. , Никитенко В.Р. , Чистяков А.А.
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe photoconductivity of condensates of lead-sulfide quantum dots (QDs)—QD solids—with various organic ligands is studied. It is demonstrated that the QD solid photoconductivity increases exponentially with a reduction in length of ligand molecules and does not depend on their chemical structures, since it is governed by hopping transport of charge carriers. In contrast, the photocurrent in photovoltaic ITO/PEDOT: PSS/PbS/ZnO/Al elements depends on the ligand structure, since this structure sets the positions of QD energy levels and thus affects the efficiency of charge carrier transfer to electrodes. The difference between mechanisms of generation of photoconductivity and photovoltaic currents is discussed.
Влияние механизмов токопрохождения на эффективность фотодиодов Al-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-As/GaAs
Authors: Калиновский В.С. , Контрош Е.В. , Климко Г.В. , Табаров Т.С. , Иванов C.В. , Андреев В.М.
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhotovoltaic characteristics of heterostructure Al_ x Ga_1 – x As/GaAs p – i – n photodiodes fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy have been studied. Efficiencies of 50% were reached in conversion of monochromatic light in the photovoltaic mode at power density of up to 200 W/cm^2 at a wavelength λ = 830 nm. A relationship was demonstrated between the “saturation currents” for the diffusion-related charge-transport mechanism (Shockley) in p – i – n photodiodes, calculated from dark current–voltage characteristics, and the experimental values of efficiency. As the “saturation current” of the diffusion-related charge-transport mechanism increases by an order of magnitude, a relative decrease in the efficiency from the maximum value by more than 10% is observed under excitation by constant or pulsed monochromatic light.
Синтез углеродных волокон при разложении ацетилена и пропан-бутановой смеси в струе плазмы
Authors: Шавелкина М.Б. , Амиров Р.Х. , Шаталова Т.Б. , Катаржис В.А.
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbon fibers are prepared during the conversion of acetylene and propane–butane mixture in a jet of the helium and argon plasma without using catalysts. The synthesis is carried out in a plasma jet reactor. The synthesis products are studied by electron microscopy, synchronous thermal analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of the synthesis parameters on the structure and properties of the carbon fibers prepared in the volume is established. When the propane–butane mixture is decomposed in an inert medium, conditions are found for the synthesis of cylindrical carbon nanofibers of a tortuous shape with a diameter of up to 20 nm and a length-to-diameter ratio of up to 1000. The decomposition of acetylene at 350 Torr produces nanofibers formed by a chain of straight cylinders with a diameter of up to 20 nm, and cylindrical fibers are synthesized in the form of spirals of up to 200 nm in diameter at 150 Torr.
Реконструкция ансамблей осцилляторов с нелинейными запаздывающими связями
Authors: Сысоев И.В. , Пономаренко В.И. , Прохоров М.Д.
Published: October 2018

AbstractA method is presented for reconstructing ensembles of nonlinear oscillators coupled with each other by nonlinear time-delay feedbacks. The method allows one, using time series, to reconstruct nonlinear functions of all elements of the ensemble, as well as the architecture of couplings between oscillators and the parameters of all sigmoid coupling functions, including the time delay.
Пространственно-временнaя структура альфвеновских волн в токамаке ТУМАН-3М
Authors: Абдуллина Г.И. , Аскинази Л.Г. , Белокуров А.А. , Жубр Н.А. , Корнев В.А. , Лебедев С.В. , Разуменко Д.B. , Тукачинский А.С.
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpatial and temporal structure of Alfvén waves was studied with array of magnetic probes in compact tokamak TUMAN-3M. Poloidal mode numbers have been determined for Alfven instabilities bursts of the two types: short and long ones. Absence of poloidal rotation of magnetic field perturbations was found for both types of bursts. Also, in both cases, no pronounced asymmetry of magnetic field perturbation in the direction of the major radius was detected.
ИК-люминесценция alpha-Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-delta-=/SUB=- при 4-300 K
Authors: Сарычев М.Н. , Мильман И.И. , Сюрдо А.И. , Абашев Р.М. , Воинов В.С.
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is established that simple color centers of the F ^+ and F type (anion vacancies with one or two electrons, respectively) in anion-deficient corundum (α-Al_2O_3–δ) crystals can be transformed into complex centers (including divacancy centers of the F _2 type) using a special thermo-optical treatment. A fine structure of the photoluminescence bands of complex centers of both the known and unknown natures was recorded in these crystals at helium temperatures in the near-IR range. A comparison with the photoluminescence bands in neutron-irradiated α-Al_2O_3 samples with the initial stoichiometric composition reveals their complete similarity, which indicates the possibility of nonradiative formation of complex centers in α-Al_2O_3.
Стабилизация металлического состояния в квазидвумерном органическом металле (ET)-=SUB=-8-=/SUB=-Hg-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-Br-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-(C-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-H-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-Cl)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- под давлением 6 kbar
Authors: Любовский Р.Б. , Песоцкий С.И. , Жиляева Е.И. , Торунова С.А. , Любовская Р.Н.
Published: October 2018

AbstractA quasi-two-dimensional (ET)_8Hg_4Br_12(C_6H_5Cl)_2 organic metal undergoes the metal–dielectric transition at T ~ 90 K upon cooling. An external pressure of P ~ 6 kbar completely recovers the metallic state and makes it possible to observe the Shubnikov–de Hass oscillations with a frequency of F ≈ 215 T and a cyclotron mass of m * ≈ 0.95 m _0. The behavior of the oscillations is consistent with the Fermi surface representation in the form of electron and hole orbits covering the same areas of the first Brillouin zone.
Генерация направленных потоков микрочастиц путем сжигания газообразного топлива в нестационарном режиме
Authors: Голуб В.В. , Киверин А.Д. , Садохина Т.Д. , Яковенко И.С.
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we have proposed to use accelerated flame propagation in the channel to generate directed flows of microparticles for effectively spraying them onto the substrate surface in the pulsed regime. Using mathematical modeling, we showed the basic possibility of practical using this approach and quantitatively estimated the effectiveness of the proposed procedure when gaseous mixtures based on hydrogen are used.
Просветление поверхности субэлемента на основе германия в каскадных GaInP/GaAs/Ge-солнечных элементах
Authors: Минтаиров С.А. , Емельянов В.М. , Калюжный Н.А. , Андреев В.М.
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpectral characteristics of the Ge subcell of triple-junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells have been simulated. It was shown that using a GaInP nucleation layer that creates a shallow diffusion p – n junction in Ge can raise the photogeneration current of the Ge subcell by ~4.5 mA/cm^2 as compared with the value in the case of a GaAs nucleation layer. The optimal thickness of the GaInP layer (170–180 nm) makes it possible to additionally raise the photocurrent by ~1.5 mA/cm^2. It was experimentally demonstrated that the photogenerated current of the Ge subcell of GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells increases by 3.9 mA/cm^2 on replacing the GaAs nucleation layer with GaInP and there is an additional gain by 0.9 mA/cm^2 on using the optimal thickness of the GaInP nucleation layer.
Новый метод селективной лазерной наплавки
Authors: Чивель Ю.А.
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new approach to selective laser cladding using conical laser beams has been elaborated. The initial round laser beam is divided into two or more circular beams with regulated distribution of the laser power between them. The circular beams are converted into conical beams that are focused separately on the surface and on different areas of the deposited material for their efficient heating. The delivery of laser energy into the powder stream is very effective because it provides a complete uniform absorption of laser energy in a dense powder stream (10^4–10^6 cm^–3). Under wire deposition, substrate heating reduces residual stresses due to temperature gradients and compensates for heat loss from the deposition zone by thermal conduction. The required power density for melt contact formation is significantly reduced.
THE USE OF DOUBLE MATCH PICTURE MEDIA FOR TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Agustina Diyah Dwi
Published: October 2018

This Classroom Action Research is intended to improve the students’ reading comprehension mastery and learning motivation of the eight grade SMPN 1 Purbolinggo. The participant of the research is  the class VIIIA of SMPN 1 Purbolinggo, East Lampung. They consisted of 30 students. This research uses Kemmis and Taggart’s model; planning, action, observation and reflection of the result. Meanwhile, this research employs the triangulation method (observation, interview, and test) to collect the data. After the data are gathered, they are analyzed and interpreted by using data reduction, categorization and synthesis. The findings were formulated as follow: (1) the implementation used more varieties media in presenting the materials using double match picture. Most of the students become more active in learning process; (2) the improvement of students’ reading comprehension could be seen from the test, the mean score improved from 68 in cycle 1 become 73 in cycle 2. Then, in cycle 3 the score is 81 or all of the students pass the minimum passing grade; (3) there is improvement in the students learning motivation and interest. It could be seen from the observation result, questionnaire and interview. After the implementation, most of the students become interested and motivated in reading during teaching and learning process.
Learning Module for Elementary School Students Using Learning Model Based on LCM Theory
Authors: Udy Nugroho Achmad Yusuf , Hanatan Ardiana , . Suharno , . Sarwanto
Published: October 2018

The fifth grade students of elementary school are entering the industriousness vs inferiority stage according to “all compassing psychological theory” from Erikson. At this stage, students like to learn new knowledge based on their curiosity. The learning model based on LCM theory is designed so that every human being is able to achieve maximum intuitive intelligence by considering the physical aspects, creativity, and ratio or reasoning power. These three aspects are based on the LCM theory introduced by Tibrani. The ADDIE model was used for the development design. The first third stages of the ADDIE model has been applied (i.e. analysis, design, and development). This module consists of animal and human motion organs theme and fresh air for health theme and linking the materials in sub-themes with an art creation process. The components in the learning module consist of KI, KD, indicators, learning activities, student worksheets, evaluation, and independent assignments. Validation instrument that be used was modified from the standard of LPPM UNS and Ghirardini standard. Learning content validation was done by the expert team and has of 85.88% score so it could be categorized as a very good module. This result shows that the science learning module for the fifth grade of elementary school students in animal and human motion organ theme and fresh air for health theme using learning model based on LCM theory is suitable to be used. It also ready to be proceed to the next stage in the ADDIE model product development design
Analisis Kecocokan Nilai Percepatan Tanah Kota Padang Berdasarkan Perhitungan Secara Empiris Dengan Data Percepatan Tanah Dari Akselerograf Yang Terpasang Di Stasiun Maritim Teluk Bayur Padang
Authors: Pujiastuti Dwi , Gustiana Fitri , Minangsih Maya , Arifin Hamdy
Published: October 2018

Telah dilakukan perhitungan beberapa nilai percepatan tanah kota Padang akibat gempa bumi dari Segmen Mentawai dari beberapa persamaan empiris yang divalidasiÂ Â  dengan data percepatan tanah dari akselerograf yang terpasang di Stasiun Maritim Teluk Bayur Padang. Data gempa yang digunakan adalah data gempa dariÂ  Segmen Mentawai dari tahun 2013 â€“ 2017 yang terekam di akselerografÂ  Stasiun Maritim Telukbayur Padang. Digunakan 4 rumusan empiris, yaitu Mc.Guire, Fukushima-Tanaka, Esteva, dan Donovan. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa rumusan Fukushima-Tanaka merupakan rumusan paling cocokÂ  digunakan untuk Kota Padang dengan persentase kesalahan rata-rata terendah sebesar 51%, sedangkan 3 rumusan lainnya mempunyai persentase kesalahan rata-rata yaitu Mc.Guire 396%, Esteva 74%, dan Donovan 861%.Â Kata kunci : Â Gempa bumi, percepatan tanah, akselerograf, persamaan empiris
Analisis Anomali Geomagnetik Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) Sebagai Prekursor Gempa Bumi Pada Gempa Sumatera 2016
Authors: Yusdesra Osi , Namigo Elistia Liza , Mega Y Dian
Published: October 2018

Penelitian tentang anomali sinyal geomagnetik ultra low frequency (ULF) sebagai prekursor gempa telah dilakukan pada 3 gempa besar yang terjadi di Pulau Sumatera tahun 2016. Gempa tersebut adalah gempa Mentawai (Mw=7,8) pada tanggal 2 Maret, gempa Pesisir Selatan (Mw=6,5) pada tanggal 1 Juni dan gempa Pidie Jaya (Mw=6,5) pada tanggal 6 Desember. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data geomagnetik yang direkam oleh magnetometer MAGDAS di stasiun pengamatan Gunung Sitoli (GSI), Sumatera Utara. Data geomagnetik yang dianalisis memiliki rentang waktu 2 bulan sebelum kejadian gempa. Data ini diolah pada frekuensi 0,012 Hz. Anomali ditentukan berdasarkan nilai polarisasi power ratio SZ/SH yang melewati batas standar deviasi. Anomali yang terdeteksi kemudian divalidasi dengan data indeks Dst dan indeks Kp. Validasi dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa anomali merupakan prekursor gempa bumi yang sedang diteliti. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat anomali sinyal eletromagnetikik (ULF) yang terjadi sebelum kejadian gempa bumi. Sebelum kejadian gempa Mentawai terdeteksi 31 anomali, 10 diantaranya dapat dianggap sebagai prekursor gempa. Onset time anomali untuk gempa ini terjadi pada tanggal 19 Februari dengan lead time 12 hari sebelum gempa. Untuk gempa Pesisir Selatan terdeteksi 5 dari 28 anomali yang dapat dijadikan sebagai prekursor gempa dengan onset time pada tanggal 15 Mei dan lead time anomali 17 hari sebelum gempa . Kemudian, terdapat 36 anomali sebelum gempa Pidie Jaya, dimana ada 8 anomali yang dapat dijadikan sebagai prekursor gempa. Gempa ini memiliki onset time yang terjadi pada tanggal 13 NovemberÂ  dan lead time 24 hari sebelum gempa. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengamatan prekursor gempa untuk gempa di Sumatera (Mw>6) menggunakan anomali sinyal geomagnetik ULF mempunyai lead time dalam rentang 12-24 hari sebelum gempa terjadi.Â Kata kunci: prekursor gempa, anomali sinyal geomagnetik, Ultra Low Frequency (ULF), Â Â  MAGDAS, polarisasi power ratio, gempa Sumatera
Karakteristik Ketinggian Melting Layer di Indoneisa Berdasarkan Radar Hujan Yang Terpasang di Satelit TRMM
Authors: Dwianda Rany Audia , Marzuki Marzuki
Published: October 2018

Ketinggian melting layer atau freezing level height (FH) di Indonesia telah diteliti melalui data radar hujan yang terpasang di satelit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Data yang digunakan adalah data TRMM 2A25 versi 7 selama 2011-2013. Nilai FH dari TRMM dibandingkan dengan nilai yang direkomendasikan oleh model ITU-R P.839. FH di Indonesia memiliki variasi musiman dan diurnal yang signifikan. Rata-rata bulanan FH menunjukkan pola bimodal dengan dua puncak dan dua lembah, mirip dengan pola curah hujan dan temperatur permukaan air laut di Indonesia. Puncak FH teramati pada bulan-bulan basah (musim hujan) ketika temperatur permukaan air laut tinggi. Nilai FH mencapai puncaknya pada sore hari yaitu sekitar jam 18-19 waktu setempat. Adanya perbedaan pola FH antara darat dan laut yang menandakan adanya pengaruh sirkulasi darat-laut (land-sea breezes). Pada dini dan pagi hari, hujan dengan FH > 5 km tidak teramati di daratan tetapi pada siang dan sore hari jumlahnya meningkat, terutama di Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Papua. Nilai FH tertinggi yang teramati dalam penelitian ini adalah 5,55 km yang teramati pada 2013, dan nilai terendah adalah 4,40 km, yang teramati pada 2012. Sebagian besar hujan yaitu sekitar 82% dari total data, memiliki FH lebih rendah dari yang direkomendasikan oleh ITU-R P.839 (5 km). Dengan demikian, model ITU-R menakar FH lebih tinggi dari semestinya. Selain itu, asumsi nilai FH yang konstan (5 km) dalam model ITU-R juga tidak tepat karena nilai FH di Indonesia menunjukkan variasi diurnal dan musiman yang signifikan.Â Kata kunci : melting layer, Indonesia, TRMM-PR, ITU-R P.839, variasi diurnal, variasi musimanÂ
Analisis Keluaran Berkas Radiasi Sinar-X Pesawat Terapi LINAC Berdasarkan TRS 398 IAEA Pada Fantom Air Di Instalasi Radioterapi RS Universitas Andalas
Authors: Milvita Dian , Mahyudin Alimin , Vadila Mona
Published: October 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis keluaran berkas sinar-X pesawat terapi linear acceleration (LINAC) pada fantom air.Â  Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi pesawat terapi LINAC selama digunakan dengan mengacu pada nilai 1 cGy sama dengan 1 MU.Â  Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis muatan yang ditangkap oleh detektor ionisasi chamber dengan faktor koreksi suhu, tekanan, efek polaritas dan rekombinasi ion.Â  Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi energi 6 MV dan 10 MV dengan ukuran luas lapangan penyinaran (10 x 10) cm dan teknik penyinaran Source to Surface Distance (SSD) 100 cm. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada berkas sinar-X energi 6 MV dan 10 MV didapatkan nilai keluaran per 1 MU sebesar 1,026 cGy dan 1,025 cGy dengan deviasi pengukuran 2,60 % dan 2,56 %, nilai ini masih berada dalam rentang toleransi pengukuran yaitu Â± 3 %.Â  Dengan demikian, keluaran berkas radiasi sinar-X pesawat terapi LINAC di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas (RS Unand) telah sesuai standar TRS 398 IAEA.Kata kunci: berkas sinar-X, fantom air, LINAC, RS Unand
Analisis Pengaruh Asam Laurat Terhadap Struktur Dan Ukuran Kristal Nanopartikel Fe3O4
Authors: Astuti Astuti , Kurniaan Rengga Adit , Mairoza Ayu , Yanti Winda Rahayu Okta
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini adalah sintesis nanopartikel Fe3O4 dari batuan besi menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dengan penambahan asam laurat sebagai zat aditif. Variasi massa asam laurat yang diberikan adalah 0, 10 g, 30 g, 40 g, dan 50 g. Karakterisasi sampel yang dilakukan yaitu menentukan struktur dan ukuran kristal menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Difractometer. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan peningkatan FWHM, yang mengindikasikan terjadinya penurunan ukuran kristal berturut-turut yaitu 54,4 nm;Â  Â 46,0 nm; 31,9 nm; 29,5;Â  dan 20,2 nm. Sedangakan sistem kristal nanokristal Fe3O4secara umum Â adalah cubic.Â Kata kunci: asam laurat, kopresipitasi, nanokristal Fe3O4,
Development of the National Standard “Library and Information Services”: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Dvorkina Margarita Y.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the topical subject of standardization, which is one of the development drivers. The author presents definition of the concept Standardization, reveals its value and management procedure in relation to library activity. The article describes the development of new Standard “Library and Information Services”, launched in 2017 at the Center for Study of the Development of Libraries in the Information Society of the Russian State Library. It is important to note that this type of library and information activities has never been standardized in international and national standards. The purpose of the Standard is to streamline the terminology system of library and information services, to revise and adjust term definitions and to reflect new terms related to information and communication technologies. The need to develop firstly the terminology of library and information services is associated with ambiguity of interpretation of most terms.The author presents the structure of the standard, considers the problems and discussions arisen at its creation and connected with ambiguous understanding of the basic term, of the concepts of “type” and “form” of library and information services. The author describes the sequence of development of the standard, names the terms reflecting the use of modern information and communication technologies in library and information services, indicates the libraries and higher educational institutions of culture, which most actively participated in the discussion of Standard and offered their comments. The article considers observations and proposals contained in the reviews of Standard, presents some accepted and rejected terms, as well as provides quantitative characteristics of the accepted, partially accepted and rejected remarks.The standard can be used for reference, as it captures modern understanding of the terms of library and information services, in planning, reporting and forecasting; it will facilitate the correct exchange of professional terminology among members of the professional community. Terms and definitions of the basic concepts of library and information services are intended for use by employees of library institutions, as well as by employees of scientific and technical information services.
Creating Multilingual Electronic Resources as one of the Trends of Library Activities in Multicultural Environment
Authors: Chadnova Irene V.
Published: October 2018

The article discusses the activities of modern libraries as memory institutions aimed to support multilingualism in cyberspace. The author characterizes electronic libraries and collections in national languages created by central libraries of subjects of the Russian Federation. Over the past few years libraries have stepped up work on the development of multilingualism on the Internet, creating electronic libraries in the languages of the peoples of Russia (besides Russian) and providing free access to them on their websites. National libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation play a leading role in this process, striving to create more and more electronic resources in their national languages (including Russian), with the support of state authorities at the regional and local levels, as well as international organizations. They have created such electronic libraries and collections as “Electronic library of the authors of Karelia”; “Finno-Ugric libraries of Russia”; “Bashkirika”; “National electronic libraries” of the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Adygea and Komi Republic; “Electronic collection of books in languages of Erzya and Moksha” created by the Pushkin National Library of the Republic of Mordovia; Tatar electronic library; Electronic collection “Literary palette of the Chuvash Republic — 100 books for reading”; and Electronic library of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Mainly the collections include electronic copies of publications that are not subject to copyright; however, there are works of modern authors as well. Electronic collections in national languages of regional libraries are few, among them there are such collections as “Indigenous ethnic groups of Sakhalin” of the Sakhalin regional universal scientific library and Electronic library “Kola North” of the Murmansk state regional universal scientific library. Thanks to the activities of the Central regional libraries, the presence of languages of the titular ethnic groups, as well as indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East in the Russian segment of the Internet has increased.
New Search Features of the Network Union Catalogues
Authors: Reshetnikova Olga V.
Published: October 2018

Improvement of information technologies inevitably leads to serious transformations of traditional bibliographic resources. These innovations have fully affected the organization and use of network Union catalogues (UC), the qualitative changes in which have been insufficiently studied and covered in professional publications. The article discusses the possibilities of network UC as a tool for information retrieval. The author compares printed and electronic UC, identifies the features and search potential of each of these forms; summarizes the research conducted in the Scientific Research Department of Bibliography of the Russian State Library (RSL) in the framework of RTD project “Information and bibliographic activity of the libraries in the electronic environment”. The author concludes that network UC as a tool of information retrieval have advantages over printed and local electronic catalogues, because electronic catalogues provide free access to the information placed in them from anywhere in the world. Many network catalogues provide the possibility of their independent use as a search tool, even by untrained users due to the accessible interface of the site, clear navigation and clear instructions. Basing on monitoring data of network UC, the author analyses the obstacles for wide use of network UC in information and bibliographic search, and concludes that for effective search it is required a clear and understandable navigation system on the sites with the provision of broad information on the presence of UC and the ways to search them. The article highlights the necessity to promote the capabilities of network UC and other services, including access to the sources reflected in the catalogues.
Works by L.N. Tolstoy in the Reading of Siberians in the Pre-Revolutionary and Post-Soviet Periods. To the 190th Birth Anniversary of the Writer
Authors: Timofeeva Yulia V.
Published: October 2018

Reading the fiction, owing to its huge impact on formation of spiritual and moral world of a person, is the focus of much attention of foreign and domestic scientists. L.N. Tolstoy belongs to the authors making significant impact on an individual. All this, as well as the 190th birth anniversary of the writer, defined the direction of our research — to reveal the place of works by L.N. Tolstoy in the reading of Siberians in the pre-revolutionary period and the attitude towards the writer of inhabitants of this region in the late 20th — early 21st century.For the main methods of studying the presence of L.N. Tolstoy’s works in the reading of Siberians in the pre-revolutionary period were used the analysis of catalogues and reports of libraries and the comparison of his popularity with other writers by arithmetic calculation of the places taken by the authors in the checkout lists of the books. To study the attitude of modern residents of the region to Leo Tolstoy’s works, the priority was given to the survey, as this method allows to reveal the extent of recognition by Siberians of the need to read the writer’s works for personal development.Studying of catalogues and reports of several dozen Siberian libraries showed the presence of the works of the most famous Russian classical writer and their demand among the inhabitants of the region, who willingly read his works. The collections stored both: the complete works of the writer, as well as separate editions of his works. In the ratings of the authors, compiled by the number of checkouts of their works to readers of libraries of the different cities of Siberia, L.N. Tolstoy was usually in the top three, often holding the highest place.Modern Siberians recognize L.N. Tolstoy is a great writer and consider reading his works is an important indicator of human education and a necessary requirement for personal spiritual and moral development.
The Writers on One Wave. L.D. Rzhevsky about the Creative Works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn
Authors: Babicheva Maya E.
Published: October 2018

The article considers attitude of the representatives of different “waves” of Russian emigration to the personality and works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The author the reasons of special analysed interest of the representatives of the “second wave” to the early period of the writer’s creative works, as well as described specific features of perception of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s works by the literary critic L.D. Rzhevsky, belonging to that wave. For the first time the works of L.D. Rzhevsky devoted to the creative works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn are introduced into scientific circulation. Philologist by education and the writer, L.D. Rzhevsky considered mainly the features of individual style and literary language of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. He paid much attention to the writer’s innovations in this field, in particular to his word creativity, and noted his commitment to the people’s language and good command of it. The critic also demonstrates the specific features of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s narrative style, which manifested itself differently in his works. He notes that the narrator either “self-dissolves” in the character(s) or speaks on his own behalf. In the first case, polyphonic structure or monophonic sound is possible. The features of the artistic form of the creative works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn, however, interested L.D. Rzhevsky as a way of expressing the civil position of the author. The most important characteristic feature of the writer’s work, he believed the inextricable unity of aesthetic and ethical principles. Emphasizing the importance in his creative works of the categories “conscience”, “truth”, “intransigence”, L.D. Rzhevsky stated that A.I. Solzhenitsyn revived the humanistic pathos of Russian classical literature, suppressed in the USSR for ideological reasons. Based on numerous examples and quotations, the critic called the writer the heir to the traditions laid down by A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy and F.M. Dostoevsky. Highly artistic reflection of the life truth in the works of the author, who lived in the USSR, L.D. Rzhevsky considered as selfless devotion and evaluated as a feat committed by the creator. The article uses little-known and hard-to-reach sources to domestic readers: materials published abroad in the mid-twentieth century in small batches and since out of print.
The Study of Provenance in Historical-Bibliological Research at the Turn of the 20th — 21st Centuries: Using the Example of Ukraine
Authors: Sokolov Viktor Yu.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the research of provenance in Ukraine. The aim of the work is to analyse and summarize information concerning the study of provenance in book science; to determine the features of interpretation of the term “provenance” in modern bibliology and librarianship studies; to reveal the main historical factors that influenced the formation of the modern content and interpretation of the term “provenance”, as well as to clarify the place and significance of provenance study in determining the ownership of a book, in revealing the features of the functioning of books in society, in recreating the history of their existence and in the reconstruction of library collections. The author used the method of terminological analysis, as well as comparative historical method, descriptive-narrative, bibliographic and other methods of research.

The article presents the main trends in interpretation of the term “provenance” in modern Ukrainian, Russian, American and Polish historiography. The author discloses the main factors of formation of the meaning of the term “provenance” in the process of studying the ownership and existence of a book; presents the definition of the concept, including owner’s records, bookmarks, seals, stamps, inventory numbers and other book elements and signs that indicate the ownership of a book to a certain person or institution. For example, the Ukrainian bibliological studies of 1990s — 2010s describe in detail each constituent element of the provenance, as well as the peculiarities of interpretation of the meaning of the term. The paper considers the role and significance of the comprehensive study of provenance in the process of historical-bibliological analysis of manuscripts, early-printed and rare books, in revealing the features of social functioning of books in society, determining the composition of various book collections and study of readers of a certain historical period.

The practical use of the results of the research of provenance is to provide some assistance to library staff in the formation of specialized collections in libraries. Provenance in a kind of documentary form reflects the main features and characteristics of the historical, cultural and educational processes of the epoch. The study of provenance allows, in the absence of inventory records, to reconstruct the lost book collections, to explore the readership of a particular book and to trace the paths of its distribution.
A.L. Shanyavsky University at the Dawn of Library Education in Russia
Authors: Fando Roman A.
Published: October 2018

The article considers the activity efforts of L.B. Khavkina aimed to organize the first library courses in Russia, operated at A.L. Shanyavsky Moscow City People’s University. L.B. Khavkina first raised the question on organization of short-term library courses at the third All-Russia Congress of Technical and Vocational Educators in 1904; however, the project had not been implemented. In 1911, the Congress on Library Science and Services adopted the resolution that emphasized the need to train students in library science. After several unsuccessful attempts to organize courses for librarians, L.B. Khavkina appealed to A.L. Shanyavsky University Council, having secured financial support from philanthropist N.A. Shakhov. As a result, the Courses started in 1913 and operated until 1920, the last year of existence of A.L. Shanyavsky University. L.B. Khavkina developed all curricula and programs of the Library Courses, basing on rich experience of Russian and international library studies. The courses maintained an extensive correspondence with foreign libraries and received their donations of books, journals and teaching aids. Under the auspices of the Courses, the teachers and students operated the library museum that presented the advanced experience and best practices, both Russian and international, in library studies and services. The article describes the features of the teaching and learning process, facilities and student composition of the first library courses in Russia. The author describes the changes in the student body, the content of programs and equipment of courses with arrival of the Soviet power.