bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mudanças morfológicas e efeitos hidrodinâmicos do processo de urbanização na bacia hidrográfica do rio Tamanduateí – RMSP
Authors: Moroz-Caccia Gouveia Isabel Cristina , Rodrigues Cleide
Published: August 2017

Apoiado na geomorfologia antropogênica e histórica, este artigo apresenta metodologia aplicada à bacia hidrográfica do rio Tamanduateí para analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente as mudanças decorrentes da urbanização em sistemas físicos a partir da cartografia geomorfológica. A premissa principal dessa abordagem é considerar as ações humanas na paisagem como ações de natureza geomorfológica cujos efeitos podem ser medidos por indicadores e parâmetros. Entre outras análises, a identificação de características originais ou pré-urbanas e de mudanças antropogênicas permitiu estimar a perda da capacidade de armazenamento de água devido à supressão de planícies fluviais e mudanças no balanço hidrodinâmico nas vertentes da bacia hidrográfica.Palavras-chave: Urbanização. Mudanças morfológicas. Balanço hidrodinâmico. Cartografia geomorfológica. Geomorfologia antropogênica e histórica.
Identificação e análise da estrutura espacial dos extremos de temperatura do ar na bacia do rio Paranaíba por meio da técnica de anos-padrão
Authors: Queiroz Arlei Teodoro de , Steinke Ercília Torres
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho procurou identificar e analisar os extremos de temperatura do ar registrados na bacia do rio Paranaíba, bem como a variação percentual de seus extremos em relação à média, seguindo a metodologia de anos-padrão sugerida por Tavares (1976). Os resultados foram espacializados em mapas, a fim de mostrar a espacialização, consequência da variação estrutura espacial desse parâmetro. Observou-se que, no período estudado, a maior amplitude térmica na bacia foi nas porções sul e oeste, tendo sido registradas as temperaturas máximas  e mínimas anuais. Essa dinâmica da bacia pode ser compreendida por meio de sua hipsometria, com altitude mais baixa na porção sudoeste, na direção de seu exutório, tanto quanto pela dinâmica das massas de ar na região.
Avaliação intermunicipal dos riscos de desastres naturais associados à dinâmica climática no estado do Ceará
Authors: Olímpio João Luís Sampaio , Zanella Maria Elisa
Published: August 2017

Os desastres naturais associados à dinâmica climática são fenômenos que compõem a própria história do estado do Ceará, na medida em que a escassez e os excessos hídricos desencadearam situações de crise, sobretudo nos pontos mais vulneráveis. Nesse sentido, esta investigação buscou determinar o nível de risco de desastres naturais entre os municípios cearenses. Levantaram-se registros de desastres produzidos por estiagens/secas e inundações entre 2003 e 2012, assim como dados censitários que expressam a vulnerabilidade municipal. Também se elaborou uma proposta metodológica para avaliar os riscos naturais a partir da integração de variáveis que indicam a vulnerabilidade e os perigos existentes na área de estudo, seguida da construção de um índice de risco denominado Irden. Os resultados foram espacializados por meio de um sistema de informação geográfica. A metodologia mostrou-se eficiente ao representar a verdade observada em campo e por ser de facilmente aplicável a outros contextos geográficos.
O fenômeno La Niña e sua influência na disponibilidade hídrica no município de Campo Mourão-PR
Authors: Calderon Gabriela , Borsato Victor Da Assunção
Published: August 2017

A região de Campo Mourão-PR tem na atividade agrícola sua principal alavanca econômica. Mesmo fundamentada na agricultura mecanizada e moderna, ela dependente do estado do tempo. Por isso, o objetivo principal deste artigo é calcular o balanço hídrico decendial agrológico para o município de Campo Mourão a partir da série histórica 2000-2010 e verificar, pelo extrato do balanço hídrico, se as anomalias – consequências do fenômeno La Niña – influenciaram a disponibilidade de água no solo. Aplicou-se o método de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955) para executar e elaborar o extrato do balanço hídrico e verificou-se, comparando com os diagramas ombrotérmicos de Gaussen, se os períodos com deficiência hídrica no solo correspondem aos meses secos de Gaussen. No inverno, todos os meses secos apresentaram deficiência hídrica. Constataram-se irregularidade na distribuição temporal das chuvas nos anos em que ocorreu o fenômeno La Niña, bem como períodos de deficiência de água no solo com possíveis consequências na atividade agrícola.
Território e cafeicultura no Brasil: uma proposta de periodização
Authors: Frederico Samuel
Published: August 2017

Este artigo propõe uma periodização da cafeicultura brasileira a partir da sucessão dos meios geográficos. Desde a mecanização do território, com a implantação das ferrovias, no século XIX, até a adoção mais recente de sistemas técnico-informacionais na agricultura, o café acompanhou de perto e em determinados momentos foi protagonista de transformações técnicas e políticas ocorridas na formação socioespacial brasileira nos últimos dois séculos. Assim, partindo de uma perspectiva territorial, este artigo pretende contribuir com as demais propostas de periodização de ordem econômica, política e normativa da cafeicultura brasileira disponível na literatura específica
Endothelial Function Is Impaired in Patients Receiving Antihypertensive Drug Treatment Regardless of Blood Pressure Level
Authors: Maruhashi Tatsuya , Soga Junko , Fujimura Noritaka , Idei Naomi , Mikami Shinsuke , Iwamoto Yumiko , Iwamoto Akimichi , Kajikawa Masato , Matsumoto Takeshi , Oda Nozomu , Kishimoto Shinji , Matsui Shogo , Hashimoto Haruki , Aibara Yoshiki , Yusoff Farina Binti Mohamad , Hidaka Takayuki , Kihara Yasuki , Chayama Kazuaki , Noma Kensuke , Nakashima Ayumu , Goto Chikara , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Takase Bonpei , Kohro Takahide , Suzuki Toru , Ishizu Tomoko , Ueda Shinichiro , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Furumoto Tomoo , Kario Kazuomi , Inoue Teruo , Koba Shinji , Watanabe Kentaro , Takemoto Yasuhiko , Hano Takuzo , Sata Masataka , Ishibashi Yutaka , Node Koichi , Maemura Koji , Ohya Yusuke , Furukawa Taiji , Ito Hiroshi , Ikeda Hisao , Yamashina Akira , Higashi Yukihito
Published: August 2017

Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Blood pressure significantly correlates with endothelial function in antihypertensive drug-naive subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment status affects the relationship between blood pressure and endothelial function. We measured flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in 2297 subjects, including 1822 antihypertensive drug-naive subjects and 475 treated hypertensive patients. FMD significantly decreased in relation to increase in systolic blood pressure (8.2±3.1% in subjects with systolic blood pressure of <120 mm Hg, 7.5±2.8% for 120–129 mm Hg, 7.1±2.8% for 130–139 mm Hg, and 6.7±2.6% for ≥140 mm Hg;
P
<0.001). Systolic blood pressure was independently associated with FMD in untreated subjects. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between systolic blood pressure and FMD in treated hypertensive patients (4.6±3.1% in treated hypertensives with systolic blood pressure of <120 mm Hg, 4.8±2.7% for 120–129 mm Hg, 4.9±2.8% for 130–139 mm Hg, and 4.5±2.3% for ≥140 mm Hg;
P
=0.77). Propensity score matching analysis revealed that the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction defined as FMD of less than the division point for the lowest tertile, and the middle tertile of FMD was significantly higher in treated hypertensive patients than in untreated subjects in all systolic blood pressure categories. Endothelial function assessed by FMD was impaired regardless of the level of blood pressure achieved by antihypertensive drug treatment in hypertensive patients.
Biofuels in an Age of Cheap Oil: Community Capitals and Motivations to Participate in Biodiesel Value Chains
Authors: Jakubek Joseph , Flora Cornelia Butler
Published: August 2017

In this article we analyze the community capital implications of an emerging canola biofuel value chain within wheat-producing regions of the United States as radical changes are taking place in energy markets and prices drop. We analyze the intersections of the motivations that encourage and sustain value chain participation and stocks and investments of community capitals. We use the Community Capitals Framework (Flora et al. 2016) to analyze the ways that new biofuel value chains affect various types of capital within rural communities, and to understand the context, processes, and impacts of decision-making within the biofuel value chain. Interviews and focus groups with actors along the value chain including farmers, processors, transporters, plant breeders, extension professionals, and farm service suppliers identify motivational factors and how community resources affect participation decisions.
Triple Helix Model of Innovation and the Politics of Genetically Modified Crops: Cases of Bt Cotton and Bt Brinjal in India
Authors: Kumari Madhulika , Mallick Sambit
Published: August 2017

The construal of genetically modified (gm) crops is not just scientific or technological, but also inherently political. This article attempts to understand the implications of proprietary technologies in agriculture in India where two gm crops namely Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) brinjal are analyzed. It critically examines how different normative institutional frameworks and ideologies are deeply embedded in the way diverse actors select their research questions. Further, an attempt is made to unfurl the debates on the policies of biotechnology, in general and Bt crops, in particular. It then moves onto capturing the networking between the government, academia and industry with reference to gm crops, particularly Bt cotton and Bt brinjal. In-depth personal interviews with 81 plant biotechnologists in the government, academic, and private research and development (R&D) institutions in India were conducted to ascertain the views of various stakeholders about Bt crops in agriculture in India.
The New Vitality of Salafism in Côte d’Ivoire: Toward a Radicalization of Ivoirian Islam?
Authors: Madore Frédérick
Published: August 2017

This article examines recent developments of Salafism in Côte d’Ivoire by exploring how the movement has evolved over the last 25 years through its main national associations and leaders. Although the situation with regard to terrorism has changed in this country since the attack in Grand-Bassam on 13 March 2016, the intent of this article is to move beyond a reductive focus on security and counterterrorism by painting a more-nuanced portrait of one local manifestation of a global movement often reduced to violence and conflict. Far from becoming radicalized and despite increasing levels of activism, the country’s Salafi elites and main national associations have demonstrated civic engagement and opposition to terrorism. They also increased their participation in the socioeconomic arena as well as their willingness to act as a key intermediary between the Muslim community and the country’s political leadership.
Blackberry Girls and Jesus’s Brides
Authors: Pype Katrien
Published: August 2017

Especially since the mid-2000s when cellular communication became more widespread in Kinshasa, Pentecostal leaders and followers increasingly reflect about the proper usage of the handset and insert it into reflections about ‘approved’ (ya malamu) and ‘disapproved’ (ya mabe) types of femininity. Via an examination of the critical role of electronic communication technologies in the construction of ‘Christian femininities’, I bring novel insights on the already much-debated question about Pentecostalism’s contribution to women’s lifeworlds. Amid applause for the liberating workings of Pentecostal-Charismatic rituals and associations, the ways that Pentecostalism installs new boundaries, promotes new preferences and lifestyles, and sanctions those who cannot comply with the new directives are often ignored. This article highlights the ambiguity of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity by comparing the discourse about two types of femininity that dominate in the churches: ‘bad girls’, of which Blackberry Girls are a subtype, and ‘brides of Jesus’.
The Sound of Music
Authors: Lather Amy
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the vocabulary of sound in theTheogony,theHomeric Hymn to Apollo,and theHomeric Hymn to Hermesand focuses in particular on the words employed therein to describe superlative forms of music, terms that in different contexts denote clamorous or unpleasant sounds. By drawing attention to the sonic texture of musical performance in this way, each portrayal suggests that music is not ontologically distinct from noise, but emerges from the coalescence of discrete sounds that are not musical in and of themselves. Music and noise thus exist not in a hierarchical relation, but on the same spectrum. And this dynamic is reflected in the very language used to depict these performances, which combines re-workings of Homeric formulae with new or unusual acoustic terminology. Thus music, including lyrical language itself, may become perceptible as such from the skillful organization of sounds into intelligible and distinctive patterns.
A Voice without a Muse
Authors: Vespa Marco
Published: August 2017

Ancient sources often describe non-human primates as imitative animals, i.e., living beings able to reproduce, with different degrees of perfection, gestures and movements carried out by human beings. Indeed monkeys are often characterized asmimeloi, mimetikoi, terms coming from the same semantic field of the nounmimos(< *mim-).

But what about the world of sounds? Are non-human primates regarded as good imitators and performers also when it comes to music and singing? Ancient evidence clearly indicates that other animal species (like nightingales or partridges), and not monkeys, were mainly regarded as excellent singers worthy of imitation by human beings. Through a detailed analysis of ancient Greek sources, especially some passages in Galen, this paper aims at investigating why non-human primates were not considered good singers. In particular, this survey tries to shed a new light on some cultural associations, according to which the small and weak voice of monkeys (µικροφωνία) and the voice of other figures in ancient society (like actors, musicians, kids, eunuchs and so on) were described in a similar way.
The κύκνειον ᾆσμα
Authors: Calero Luis
Published: August 2017

In Greek Literature the characteristics of swans are used as a metaphor for a variety of human values. Their colour, their bravery and their singing are the three main characteristics we usually find in Greek texts as synonyms for beauty, courage and musical dexterity. In this paper, I try to go a step further, to explore whether it is possible to discover how ancient writers imagined the κύκνειον ᾆσµα might have sounded. I analyse the type of sound the relevant texts represent as their singing and even the use of their bodies as instruments in certain texts. I then show how ancient writers illustrated the swan song, the κύκνειον ᾆσµα, in musical contexts beyond the image of swans as animals capable of singing their dirge of death.
Locusts, Grasshoppers and Cicadas as Muses
Authors: Leitmeir Florian
Published: August 2017

The music of the τέττιξ and the ἀκρίς is a prominent topos in ancient literature, especially in Hellenistic poetry. However, the musical ability of these insects is also depicted in ancient art and could be distinguished in three categories: first, artists realistically represent thestridulatio; second, they show the juxtaposition of animal and instrument, and third, the anthropomorphized insects playing instruments like human musicians. The last option in particular reminds one of the equation of the cicada with both the Muses and the Hellenistic poet himself.
La part d’Henri Weil dans l’édition du De la musique attribué à Plutarque (Paris, E. Leroux, 1900)
Authors: Calvié Laurent
Published: August 2017

The Weil-Reinach edition of the De musica attributed to Plutarch is the result of a close collaboration of two among the best philologists and specialists of ancient Greek music active in France between the 19th and the 20th centuries : H. Weil and his pupil Th. Reinach. The latter (who personally provided the collation of the manuscripts, some of the exegetical notes and the index) put together the material, but it was Weil who should be regarded as primarily responsible for the work, whose overall organization and component parts are perfectly consistent with the principles and methods that he had already applied to his previous editions : the subordination of the criticism of the texts, founded on the recension of manuscripts, to their history and interpretation. The interventionism typical of this publication derives from the extremely ambitious target that Weil imposed on all his ecdotic works : the reconstruction not of the corrupt archetype of the extant Byzantine and Humanist manuscripts, but of the original condition of the ancient texts. Viewed in this light, the Weil-Reinach edition of the De musica is a treasure of erudition and intelligence, in which the textual problems of a text, which had been deeply altered since antiquity, are raised for the first time.
Taxonomic revision of Carex chungii (Cyperaceae; sect. Mitratae) and allied species
Authors: JIN XIAO-FENG
Published: August 2017

In this paper, Carex chungii and other five names at species rank, plus one variety and one form, all from of C. sect. Mitratae, were revised. They constitute a group of morphologically very similar taxa, difficult to tell apart. Our study was based on literature survey, fieldwork, herbarium specimens, statistical analysis of morphological characters and SEM observations of achenes and perigynia. Analysis of morphological data of 94 individuals from eleven populations using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed five clusters, which we consequently considered to correspond to five species. The achenes of Carex genkaiensis were strikingly different from all the other species regarding achene apex contracted into a 0.2–0.5 mm long neck-like appendage (vs. into a discoid-annulate style-base), as well as its perigynium indumentum (pubescent vs. sparsely pubescent). Carex anhuiensis, C. xuanchengensis and C. truncatirostris f. erostris are all synonymized to C. truncatirostris. The previously recognized Carex kamagariensis from Japan is synonymized to C. chungii. Carex chungii var. rigida is recognized as specific rank and the new name C. nanpingensis is proposed. Our study is the first effort to address the taxonomy of this complicate group as a whole in its entire range.
Filling a morphological gap between Australasian and Eurasian/African members of Althenia (Potamogetonaceae, Alismatales): A. hearnii sp. nov. from SW Western Australia
Authors: MACFARLANE TERRY D. , SOKOLOFF DMITRY D. , REMIZOWA MARGARITA V.
Published: August 2017

During recent decades, Althenia with two species in Eurasia and Africa was accepted as one of four genera of submerged aquatics comprising the family Zannichelliaceae. Molecular phylogenetic data confirmed monophyly of Zannichelliaceae in its traditional circumscription but placed the clade together with Potamogeton and its segregate genera, so that Zannichelliaceae is currently placed in synonymy of Potamogetonaceae. Recent molecular data demonstrated that Eurasian and African species traditionally placed in Althenia s.str. are nested within the Australasian (Australia and New Zealand) Lepilaena. As a result, the two genera were combined under the name Althenia s.l. The present study describes a new species, A. hearnii T. Macfarlane & D.D. Sokoloff from southwestern Western Australia which fills a morphological gap between species traditionally placed in Althenia s.str. and Lepilaena, thus supporting molecular phylogenetic evidence for lumping the two genera. The new species has a polysymmetric circular stigma like Althenia s.str. but 12-sporangiate anther like most species traditionally classified in Lepilaena. Like some other Australian species, Althenia hearnii is dioecious with dimorphic male and female inflorescences. The dimorphism includes the presence of a ligule in leaves within male inflorescences and the absence of a ligule in leaves within female inflorescences as well as strong differences in internode length between male and female inflorescences. A new combination Althenia patentifolia (E.L. Robertson) T. Macfarlane & D.D. Sokoloff is also made in order to allow Althenia to be fully applied in Australia. A revised key to the species of Althenia is provided.
A new species of Bernardia (Euphorbiaceae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: CARRIÓN JUAN F. , CORDEIRO INÊS , AMORIM ANDRÉ MÁRCIO
Published: August 2017

This work describes and illustrates Bernardia hamadryadica, from the Chapada Diamantina, in northeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from the other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: shrubby habit; young leaves and inflorescences usually produced on short shoots; membranaceous leaf laminas less than 6 cm long, with disk-shaped, slightly prominent glands on the abaxial surface; spiciform staminate inflorescences up to 1 cm long; entire style branches; and indumentum of simple trichomes.
Lectotypification of Siphocampylus (Campanulaceae) from Argentina
Authors: SALOMÓN LUCIANA , NICOLA MARCELA V. , NOMDEDEU SOLEDAD
Published: August 2017

During the revision of Siphocampylus for the Flora of Argentina, we detected names which need lectotypification. As a result of our analysis of original materials and protologues, lectotypes are designated for the following names: S. fiebrigii var. intermedius, S. foliosus, S. foliosus var. minor, S. lorentzii, S. nemoralis, S. nemoralis var. grisebachii, S. nemoralis fo. hieronymi, S. orbignianus, and S. verticillatus.
Bisifusarium tonghuanum (Nectriaceae), a novel species of Fusarium-like fungi from two desert oasis plants
Authors: SUN BIND-DA , ZHOU YU-GUANG , CHEN AMANDA-JUAN
Published: August 2017

A Fusarium-like fungus was discovered when isolating fungi from surface sterilized plant samples collected in desert oasis of China. This fungus produced orange colonies on PDA medium and small, curved and 0-1 septum macro-conidia. Phylogenetic analysis based on tef1, β-tub, ITS and LSU rDNA sequences showed its belonging to a newly erected genus, Bisifusarium, thus the name Bisifusarium tonghuanum was introduced. Relationships of the new species with known taxa were discussed.
On the type species of the genus Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae)
Authors: KRUPITSKY ANATOLY V.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study is to clarify the identity of the type species of the lycaenine genus Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943 so that the name can be used correctly in future taxonomic work. Phoenicurusia was originally typified by Polyommatus phoenicurus Lederer, 1870 which is currently treated as a member of the genus Athamanthia Zhdanko, 1983 (Bozano & Weidenhoffer 2001). However, the specimen examined and illustrated by Verity (1943) to diagnose the genus was an individual of Polyommatus phoenicurus var. margelanica Staudinger, 1881 currently treated as a distinct species. Consequently, Verity’s original typification was based on a misidentification. In order to make Phoenicurusia available, and taking in consideration differences in the male genitalia structure supporting distinct genera Phoenicurusia and Athamanthia, its type species is fixed under Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) as Polyommatus phoenicurus var. margelanica.
Contributions of Climate Feedbacks to Changes in Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Ceppi Paulo , Shepherd Theodore G.
Published: August 2017

The projected response of the atmospheric circulation to the radiative changes induced by CO2 forcing and climate feedbacks is currently uncertain. In this modeling study, the impact of CO2-induced climate feedbacks on changes in jet latitude and speed is assessed by imposing surface albedo, cloud, and water vapor feedbacks as if they were forcings in two climate models, CAM4 and ECHAM6. The jet response to radiative feedbacks can be broadly interpreted through changes in midlatitude baroclinicity. Clouds enhance baroclinicity, favoring a strengthened, poleward-shifted jet; this is mitigated by surface albedo changes, which have the opposite effect on baroclinicity and the jet, while water vapor has opposing effects on upper- and lower-level baroclinicity with little net impact on the jet. Large differences between the CAM4 and ECHAM6 responses illustrate how model uncertainty in radiative feedbacks causes a large spread in the baroclinicity response to CO2 forcing. Across the CMIP5 models, differences in shortwave feedbacks by clouds and albedo are a dominant contribution to this spread. Forcing CAM4 with shortwave cloud and albedo feedbacks from a representative set of CMIP5 models yields a wide range of jet responses that strongly correlate with the meridional gradient of the anomalous shortwave heating and the associated baroclinicity response. Differences in shortwave feedbacks statistically explain about 50% of the intermodel spread in CMIP5 jet shifts for the set of models used, demonstrating the importance of constraining radiative feedbacks for accurate projections of circulation changes.
First-year international graduate students’ transition to using a United States university library
Authors: Cooper Liz , Hughes Hilary
Published: August 2017

This article reports original research conducted at a US university exploring how incoming first-year international graduate students transition to a new academic environment, learn to conduct research, and utilize library resources and spaces.
Post-chemotherapy perforation in cats with discrete intermediate- or large-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma
Authors: Crouse Zachary , Phillips Brenda , Flory Andi , Mahoney Jennifer , Richter Keith , Kidd Linda
Published: August 2017

Objectives

Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation is a well described complication of GI lymphoma in people, commonly occurring within days of initiation of chemotherapy. There are no studies documenting the prevalence of GI perforation in cats with intermediate- or large-cell GI lymphoma or whether it is associated with induction of chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to document the prevalence and timing of post-chemotherapy perforation in cats with discrete GI masses caused by intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma.

Methods

Cats with a diagnosis of intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma based on cytologic or histopathologic examination of a mass lesion of the GI tract and treated with chemotherapy were identified by searching the patient record database of three large specialty referral hospitals. Cats undergoing surgical resection of a GI mass prior to chemotherapy were excluded from the study. A clinical diagnosis of GI perforation was made using ultrasound findings and analysis of abdominal fluid.

Results

Twenty-three cats with intermediate- (n = 3) or large-cell (n = 20) lymphoma were included in the study. GI perforation was confirmed in 4/23 cats (17%), and occurred at 23, 56, 59 and 87 days after induction. There was no association between tumor size, the presence of hypoproteinemia or suppurative inflammation within the mass at the time of diagnosis and subsequent perforation. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the magnitude of weight loss within 15–28 days of diagnosis was greater in cats with perforation.

Conclusions and relevance

In this pilot study, we found that post-chemotherapy GI perforation in cats with intermediate- or large-cell GI lymphoma occurs. Acute perforation after induction of chemotherapy was not documented. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine risk factors associated with perforation and whether surgical excision would reduce the risk of subsequent GI perforation in these patients.
Investigating an Incentive-Sensitization Model of Eating Behavior: Impact of a Simulated Fast-Food Laboratory
Authors: Joyner Michelle A. , Kim Sally , Gearhardt Ashley N.
Published: August 2017

The incentive-sensitization (IS) theory proposes that “wanting” (strong motivation), more so than “liking” (hedonic pleasure), drives compulsive consumption in both substance use and overeating. Importantly, “wanting” and “liking” are only distinct in the presence of relevant cues. Cues may also contribute to overeating by increasing feelings of hunger. We employed a simulated fast-food laboratory to test IS theory by examining the effect of environmental cues on eating behavior. We tested the following hypotheses: In a cue-rich compared to neutral environment, (a) wanting would be greater whereas liking would remain the same, (b) feelings of hunger would be greater, and (c) food consumption would be greater, a relationship mediated by elevated wanting and hunger. These hypotheses were supported in the current study. Thus, contextual cues may contribute to overconsumption through increased wanting and hunger. These findings have public health implications for overeating and obesity.
Preoperative Leg Pain Score Predicts Patient Satisfaction After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery
Authors: Lim Jason Beng Teck , Yeo William , Chen John Li Tat
Published: August 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

This study aims to determine the preoperative predictors of postoperative satisfaction in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery in order to improve management of patient groups at high risk of dissatisfaction. We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on patients who underwent open TLIF in a tertiary hospital between 2008 and 2012 with 2-year follow-up and performed multivariate analysis for their preoperative variables.

Methods:

A multivariate regression analysis was performed for the 217 patients to identify preoperative predictors of postoperative satisfaction. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), North American Spine Society (NASS) Neurogenic Symptom Score (NSS), 36-item Short-Form Survey (SF-36; mean Physical and Mental Health scores), numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain, and NASS Questionnaire.

Results:

Significant improvements were seen in the postoperative ODI, NSS, SF-36, and NPRS scores at 2 years ( P < .05). Eighty-six percent of the patients had their expectations of surgery met, and 94.7% of the patients were satisfied with the results of treatment at 2 years. From the multivariate regression model, patients with higher preoperative NPRS pain score (odds ratio = 1.323; 95% confidence interval = 1.071-1.633; P = .009) was more likely to be satisfied at 2 years.

Conclusions:

TLIF surgery provided significant health-related quality-of-life scores and symptom improvement in terms of SF-36, ODI, NSS, and NPRS, with a high proportion of patients being satisfied with the results of surgery. Patients with higher preoperative NPRS leg pain were more likely to be satisfied at 2 years. Patient-reported satisfaction may be largely influenced by the improvement of radicular leg pain.
Do Tibial Plateau Fractures Worsen Outcomes of Knee Ligament Injuries? A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Cinque Mark E. , Godin Jonathan A. , Moatshe Gilbert , Chahla Jorge , Kruckeberg Bradley M. , Pogorzelski Jonas , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Tibial plateau fractures account for a small portion of all fractures; however, these fractures can pose a surgical challenge when occurring concomitantly with ligament injuries.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare 2-year outcomes of soft tissue reconstruction with or without a concomitant tibial plateau fracture and open reduction internal fixation. We hypothesized that patients with a concomitant tibial plateau fracture at the time of soft tissue surgery would have inferior outcomes compared with patients without an associated tibial plateau fracture.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Forty patients were included in this study: 8 in the fracture group and 32 in the matched control group. Inclusion criteria for the fracture group included patients who were at least 18 years old at the time of surgery and sustained a tibial plateau fracture and a concomitant injury of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, or fibular collateral ligament in isolation or any combination of cruciate or collateral ligaments and who subsequently underwent isolated or combined ligament reconstruction. Patients were excluded if they underwent prior ipsilateral knee surgery, sustained additional bony injuries, or sustained an isolated extra-articular ligament injury at the time of injury. Each patient with a fracture was matched with 4 patients from a control group who had no evidence of a tibial plateau fracture but underwent the same soft tissue reconstruction procedure.

Results:

Patients in the fracture group improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively with respect to Short Form–12 ( P < .05) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index total scores ( P < .05). The Lysholm ( P = .075) and Tegner scores ( P = .086) also improved, although this was not statistically significant. Patients in the control group improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively across all measured scores. A comparison of the postoperative results between the 2 groups showed no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

The presence of a tibial plateau fracture in conjunction with a ligamentous knee injury did not have a negative effect on postoperative patient-reported outcomes. Patient-reported outcome scores after surgery in both the fracture and control groups improved beyond the minimally clinically important difference, indicating that the presence of a fracture did not detract from the outcomes observed in patients without fractures undergoing concomitant ligament reconstruction.
Feldenkrais Movement Lessons Improve Older Adults’ Awareness, Comfort, and Function
Authors: Palmer Carolyn F.
Published: August 2017

This prospective controlled intervention study assessed Feldenkrais Moving Forward movement lessons for older adults. Participants ( N = 87 returning from original sample of 124; median age = 76 years) were assigned to movement ( n = 51) or waitlist control ( n = 36) groups. The movement groups took twelve 60-min lessons across either 6 or 12 weeks, to compare lesson density. Pretests and posttests included Base of Support, Timed Up and Go, Tandem Stance, Functional Reach, modified OPTIMAL, and questions about individual priorities and outcomes. Results included significant correlations between lessons attended and both improved Functional Reach and improved OPTIMAL score. A significantly higher proportion of the movement (vs. control) group reported positive changes at the posttest in both prioritized and newly identified activities. These results show that Feldenkrais lessons are helpful to older adults for promoting balance, mobility, and confidence.
C/EBPβ is required for survival of Ly6C− monocytes
Authors: Tamura Akihiro , Hirai Hideyo , Yokota Asumi , Kamio Naoka , Sato Atsushi , Shoji Tsukimi , Kashiwagi Takahiro , Torikoshi Yusuke , Miura Yasuo , Tenen Daniel G. , Maekawa Taira
Published: August 2017

Key Points

In Cebpb−/− mice, the number of Ly6C− monocytes was specifically decreased in a cell-intrinsic manner due to their accelerated death. C/EBPβ supports the survival of Ly6C− monocytes, at least in part through direct upregulation of Csf1r.
Fibrin and D-dimer bind to monomeric GPVI
Authors: Onselaer Marie-Blanche , Hardy Alexander T. , Wilson Clare , Sanchez Ximena , Babar Amir K. , Miller Jeanette L. C. , Watson Callum N. , Watson Stephanie K. , Bonna Arkadiusz , Philippou Helen , Herr Andrew B. , Mezzano Diego , Ariëns Robert A. S. , Watson Steve P.
Published: August 2017

Key Points

GPVI is the major signaling receptor for fibrin in human platelets; the GPVI binding site is located in the fibrin D-dimer region. D-dimer blocks platelet aggregation by fibrin and collagen but not by a collagen-related peptide, suggesting a distinct binding epitope.
Surgical versus percutaneous isolated pelvic perfusion (IPP) for advanced melanoma: comparison in terms of melphalan pharmacokinetic pelvic bio-availability
Authors: Guadagni Stefano , Palumbo Giancarlo , Fiorentini Giammaria , Clementi Marco , Marsili Luca , Giordano Aldo Victor , Masedu Francesco , Valenti Marco
Published: August 2017

Background

Isolated pelvic perfusion (IPP) can be used to treat unresectable melanoma metastases of the pelvis. IPP can be performed either by surgical or percutaneous approaches, using different balloon catheters. The aim of this study was to examine whether the surgical and percutaneous approaches were comparable with respect to tumor drug exposure in the pelvis.

Methods

A pharmacokinetic study was performed in 5 melanoma patients treated with surgical IPP and five with percutaneous IPP. Both groups received melphalan at the dose of 30 mg/m2. Melphalan pharmacokinetic analyses were performed and the main parameter used to evaluate pelvic tumor drug-exposure was the ratio of areas under the melphalan plasma concentration curves in the pelvis and the systemic compartment, during the perfusion time (AUC0 to 20). Non-parametric Mann–Whitney tests were employed for statistical comparisons.

Results

The median and interquartile range (IQR) values of the ratios between melphalan AUC0 to 20 in pelvic and systemic compartments were 7.9 (IQR 7.2 to 9.9) and 5 (IQR 4 to 7.9) for surgical and percutaneous IPPs, respectively (p = 0.209).

Conclusions

Tumor exposure to drug using these two methods did not statistically differ and both methods, therefore, can be adopted interchangeably, utilizing a perfusion blood flow rate of approximately 120 ml/min. The small sample size is a limitation of this study but our preliminary results can be used to calculate the effect size of a larger trial.

Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier NCT01920516; date of trial registration: August 6, 2013
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Proofs to one inequality conjecture for the non-integer part of a nonlinear differential form
Authors: Chen Mei
Published: August 2017

We prove the conjecture for the non-integer part of a nonlinear differential form representing primes presented in (Lai in J. Inequal. Appl. 2015:Article ID 357, 2015) by using Tumura-Clunie type inequalities. Compared with the original proof, the new one is simpler and more easily understood. Similar problems can be treated with the same procedure.
Understanding community development in Sekyere Central District, Ghana
Authors: Amakye Kingsford Gyasi
Published: August 2017

Community development is fundamentally about the development of community involving a sense of common identity, capacity and purpose. It can take the form of unpaid active citizenship with community members organizing themselves and taking on leadership roles. Community development emphasizes empowerment, equality, social justice, participation and representation. This means that community development is fundamentally concerned with decision-making processes affecting users, community-based agencies and services. It is premised on a ‘bottom-up’ approach, which means enhancing the capacity of communities to determine goals and to pursue issues of importance to them, and to make decisions affecting their lives, for example, the direction of services and the allocation of funds. In Ghana, governments under the various regimes, the community members themselves, and NGOs have promoted the CD practice in several ways since independence in 1957. Preceding governments in Ghana through the Department of Community Development have played a central role in the exercise of CD work. Community development has not been thoroughly investigated in SCDA. This paper gives a clear understanding of CD in SCDA. This paper seeks to assess how the local communities take part in the siting, planning and implementation of development projects in their communities. Further it explores community development projects in the district and how projects are financed in the district. Finally, investigates the obstacles that impede the realization of community development process. This paper was carried out using a mixed method approach. Four area councils in SCDA were randomly selected for this work. These were taken from a total of 10 different local communities spread across the four area council. The study reveals that facilities in terms of education, health, potable water, roads rehabilitation, sanitation and rural electrification have improved tremendously (Fieldwork 2015). The study recommends that policies should be geared towards agriculture to improve the lives of the people in the district since the district is agrarian in nature.
Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells possess capacity for B cell help
Authors: Bennett Michael S , Trivedi Shubhanshi , Iyer Anita S , Hale J Scott , Leung Daniel T
Published: August 2017

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset, restricted by the nonclassic MHC class I-related protein MR1 and enriched at mucosal sites. Human studies have shown an association between MAIT cells and pathogen-specific antibody responses. In this study, we investigate the effect of human MAIT cells on B cells ex vivo. We found that supernatants from microbe- or cytokine-stimulated MAIT cells, when added to purified autologous B cells, increase frequencies of plasmablasts and promote IgA, IgG, and IgM production. We found effects to be mostly MR1-dependent and that the increases in plasmablasts are likely a result of increased differentiation from memory B cells. Furthermore, microbe-activated MAIT cell supernatant contains multiple cytokines known to stimulate B cells, including IL-6, -10, and -21. This study thus provides the first direct evidence of a newly identified role of MAIT cells in providing help to B cells.
Determining geophysical responses from burials in graveyards and cemeteries
Authors: Dick Henry C. , Pringle Jamie K. , Wisniewski Kristopher D. , Goodwin Jon , van der Putten Robert , Evans Gethin T. , Francis James D. , Cassella John P. , Hansen Jamie D.
Published: August 2017

Graveyards and cemeteries around the world are increasingly designated as full. Therefore, there is a requirement to identify vacant spaces for new burials or to identify existing ones to exhume and then reinter if necessary. Geophysical methods offer a potentially noninvasive target detection solution; however, there has been limited research to identify optimal geophysical detection methods against burial age. We have collected multifrequency (225–900 MHz) ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility surface data over known graves with different burial ages and soil types in three UK church graveyards. Results indicate that progressively older burials are more difficult to detect, but this decrease is not linear and is site specific. Medium- to high-frequency GPR and magnetic susceptibility was optimal in clay-rich soils, medium- to high-frequency GPR and electrical resistivity in sandy soils, and electrical resistivity and low-frequency GPR in coarse sand and pebbly soils, respectively. A multigeophysical technique approach should be used by survey practitioners where grave locations are not known to maximize target detection success. Grave soil and grave cuts are important grave position indicators. Grave headstones were not always located where burials were located. We have determined the value of these techniques in grave detection and could potentially date burials from their geophysical responses.
A parameterization study for elastic VTI full-waveform inversion of hydrophone components: Synthetic and North Sea field data examples
Authors: Guitton Antoine , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: August 2017

Choosing the right parameterization to describe a transversely isotropic medium with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) allows us to match the scattering potential of these parameters to the available data in a way that avoids a potential tradeoff and focuses on the parameters to which the data are sensitive. For 2D elastic full-waveform inversion in VTI media of pressure components and for data with a reasonable range of offsets (as with those found in conventional streamer data acquisition systems), assuming that we have a kinematically accurate normal moveout velocity ([Formula: see text]) and anellipticity parameter [Formula: see text] (or horizontal velocity [Formula: see text]) obtained from tomographic methods, a parameterization in terms of horizontal velocity [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is preferred to the more conventional parameterization in terms of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. In the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] parameterization and for reasonable scattering angles (<[Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text] acts as a “garbage collector” and absorbs most of the amplitude discrepancies between the modeled and observed data, more so when density [Formula: see text] and S-wave velocity [Formula: see text] are not inverted for (a standard practice with streamer data). On the contrary, in the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] parameterization, [Formula: see text] is mostly sensitive to large scattering angles, leaving [Formula: see text] exposed to strong leakages from [Formula: see text] mainly. These assertions will be demonstrated on the synthetic Marmousi II as well as a North Sea ocean bottom cable data set, in which inverting for the horizontal velocity rather than the vertical velocity yields more accurate models and migrated images.
Use of the photoelectric effect as a reservoir quality indicator in the Niobrara Formation, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado
Authors: Krueger Martin
Published: August 2017

The late Cretaceous Niobrara Formation and underlying lower Mancos Group have significant petroleum potential in the Piceance Basin of northwest Colorado. Relative to the Denver Basin Niobrara, the Piceance Basin Niobrara has had significantly less drilling activity, and therefore fewer subsurface data are available. There are several key geologic differences pertaining to the Niobrara depositional history in these two basins. First, the overall thickness of the formation increases greatly to the west. Thicknesses of 91.4 m (300 ft), common in the Denver Basin, become thicknesses of as much as 548.6 m (1800 ft) in the Piceance Basin. Second, to date, maximum total organic carbon (TOC) values from the Piceance Basin are approximately 3 wt%, whereas in the Denver Basin, TOC values may be as high as 8 wt%. Several factors may contribute to the lesser TOC, but a significant factor is the dilution of organic material by increasing siliciclastic deposition. Unlike the Denver Basin stratigraphy of organic-rich marls providing the bulk of sourcing to carbonate-rich benches of greater fracture porosity, TOC and carbonate richness are coupled in the Piceance Basin. Core and well-log data suggest that the Piceance Basin Niobrara Formation’s carbonate-rich strata have higher TOC content relative to the interlaying clay-rich strata. This relationship enables the use of the photoelectric effect, the PEF or PE log, to map trends of carbonate richness and classify reservoir quality, where carbonate and organics may be at maximum values. In other unconventional reservoirs that share similar depositional histories and display the positive correlation between carbonate and organic richness, the PEF curve should be used for reservoir quality screening purposes.