bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Local History Learning with the Heroism Theme of K. Gholib Based on E-Book for Private Vocational School Students in Pringsewu Regency
Authors: Rizqi Yoga Fernando , Djono Djono , Susanto Susanto
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to discuss the development of material that supports the history of the struggle of K.H Gholib, who then compiles it into an e-book using the software "Flip PDF Professional 2.4.6.8". It was developed separately to analyze the material and increase student interest in Private Vocational High Schools in Pringsewu District by instilling the values of nationalism, heroism, and patriotism of a religious figure and fighter who participated in the struggle for independence in Lampung from the attack of the Dutch Military Aggression II in 1949. The research method used was the research and development of "R&D". The focus of e-book development uses the ADDIE development model through five intoxices, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The final results of this study show how the preparation and implementation of e-books in the classroom, so that the product developed can foster student interest in learning.
The Development of Macromedia Flash-Aided Interactive Media to Increase the Ability to Understand Fiction Stories Information in Elementary School Students
Authors: Siregar Anggi Chairunnisa , Adisaputera Abdurahman , Yus Anita
Published: August 2020

This study aims to: (1) Analyze the level of effectiveness of Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media in story text learning that will be developed at SD60606 Public Elementary School Medan Perjuangan. (2) Analyzing how the level of interactive learning media assisted by Macromedia Flash on story text learning will be developed in SD60606 Public Elementary School Medan Perjuangan. This study uses the Borg & Gall development research. Based on the analysis of Macromedia Flash assisted learning media products from the experts, it was declared very effective and feasible to use with criteria of the validity of the material experts 85.42%, the design expert 91.00%, and the linguist 85.00%. Based on the completeness data of student learning outcomes before using interactive learning media assisted by Macromedia Flash obtained an average value of 62 while using a large scale completeness reached an average of 90 with a gain score of 0.74 into the high category. And the student questionnaire responses to the effectiveness of Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media reached 90% of 30 students. Based on this data Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media are said to be effectively used in learning with the assumption that students' understanding of story text is higher when using Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media.
Improving Students’ Achievement in Writing Descriptive Paragraph through Teaching Prewriting Stages
Authors: Hariati Puji
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed to find out whether or not Teaching Prewriting Stages can improve students’ ability in writing descriptive paragraphs, to describe the role of prewriting stages in helping the students to write descriptive paragraphs. This study was conducted by using Classroom Action Research. It was done through 1) planning, 2) action, 3) observation, and 4) reflection. The population and the sample was the ninth grade students of SMP Swasta BUDISATRYA at 2018/2019 academic year. This research applied quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative data were taken from the students' writing descriptive paragraph test. Qualitative data were taken from observation, interview, and diary notes. The result of the research shows that there was some improvement of students’ ability in writing descriptive paragraphs through teaching prewriting stages. It can be proved from the students' score which improved from cycle 1 to cycle 2.  The improvement can be seen that in pre test the means score was 33.52. In the first cycle, meeting 1 the means score was 37.35, in meeting 2 was 42.64 and in meeting 3 was 52.64. In the second cycle, meeting 1 the means score was 64,41,  in meeting 2 was 80 and in meeting 3 was 91.17. The improvement also can be seen from the percentage of the students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph by using prewriting stage; in pre test, no one of the students got 75 points. In the first cycle, in meeting 1, and meeting 2, there was also no one student got 75 point,  but in meeting 3 there was 23,52% (8 students) got 75 points. It means there was an improvement about 23.52 % . In the second cycle, in meeting 1 there was 29.41% (10 students) got 75 points, it means that there was an improvement about 5.89%. In meeting 2 there was 79.41% (27 students) got 75 points, it means that there was an improvement about 50%.  In meeting 3 there was 100% (34 students) got up 75 points. It means that prewriting stages helped the students to write descriptive paragraphs through brainstorming, listing supporting point, making a simple outline to write event, place or object related to the topic. So, the students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph is significantly improved by applying prewriting stage.
Digital Activism: Covid-19 Effects in Campus Learning
Authors: Wahid Ridzal , Pribadi Florence , Pribadi Florence , Wakas Berlian Ester , Wakas Berlian Ester
Published: August 2020

The use of the internet is a part of our daily lives. Most of us spend a large part of using quotas on social media applications, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube as social media channels . Covid-19 has bridged the rapidly increasing use of social media / internet, the existence of a distance learning system (online) proving that this pandemic has focused on learning shifting from conventional to distance or online (in the network). The writing method uses a qualitative paradigm with a descriptive approach. Discussion 1. Covid-19 Era Digital Activism 2. Covid-19 Effects on Learning Systems 3. Health Effects of Distance or Online Learning Models (in network). Conclusion: COVID-19 spread in Indonesia in early March 2020. The spread of this virus causes losses to many countries, especially in the economic field. In the field of education, COVID-19 also changed the learning model drastically; all learning activities are carried out online starting from elementary school level to university level. Health effects need to be considered in the present, so it is hoped that every social actor understands and overcomes the effects of the use of media in distance learning.
Iranian EFL Learners` Use of Metadiscourse Markers in Argumentative Writing
Authors: Rahimi Rad Mostafa
Published: August 2020

This paper is an attempt to investigate the EFL Iranian learners` use of metadiscourse markers in argumentative writing. The participants of the study are 40 students both male and female. To produce the relevant data, participants were given a pretest of writing ability to check their initial knowledge use of metadiscourse markers. Finally, a post test assessing their writing ability with metadiscourse markers was administered. Writing is a social activity and it is supposed as an important factor of literacy in society despite being mastered in English, students from different cultures and with different first languages seem to be different in developing writing texts.  Metadiscourse markers enable the writers to interact with the readers effectively. The findings revealed that both male and female writers employed more interactive markers than interactional markers due to the fact that both genders inserted transition markers frequently to guide readers through the texts. The findings indicated generally that instruction of metadiscourse markers significantly improves EFL learners’ writing ability of advanced students. The Teachers pay more attention to metadiscourse markers in making EFL curricula. Then they ask for the reinforcement of metadiscourse markers through instruction in EFL courses for the improvement of the learners' writing ability.
Growth Performances and Proximate Composition of Mystus Cavasius (Hamilton, 1822) Cultured in Recirculating Aquaculture System Under Different Stocking Densities
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Mondal Gouri , Mithu MD Marufujjaman , Rabbane Md  Golam , Mustafa Md Ghulam
Published: August 2020

Experiment was conducted to evaluate the high density culture of Mystus cavasius and its effects on growth performances, survival rate and proximate composition of the fish in recirculating aquaculture system. Fishes were cultured at 571, 714, 857 and 1000 fries/m3 as the initial stocking density. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in specific growth rate, average daily gain, food conversation ratio, protein efficiency ratio, condition factor (k) and survival rate (%) of fish under the culture period of 120 days among the different stocking densities. The average survival rate was ≥ 99% among the treatments at the end of the culture period. The moisture contents were between 77.10 and 77.75%, ash content was 2.58 and 2.61%, crude protein was 15.86 and 16.07%, crude lipid was 5.45 and 5.68% with no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the treatments. There were no significant variations in DO, TAN, NO3-N, NO2-N and pH among the treatments during culture. This study showed that stocking density of at least 1000 fries/m3 was the best option as the total gain was highest compared to other lower densities under similar facilities.

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 137-145, 2020 (July)
Evaluating the Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Fetal Birth Weight
Authors: Sumit Ahmed Faisal , Das Anindya , Sarker Shouvik , Das Joyshree
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed at evaluating the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and fetal birth weight considering duration of pregnancy, maternal age and body mass index (BMI). This was a retrospective cross-sectional study followed by cohort type of study. Initially, pregnant women in their 24 to 28th week of gestation were selected for determining their fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and blood glucose level 2 hrs after 75 g oral glucose intake. The cut-off value for the diagnosis of GDM was > 5.3 mmol/l for FBG level and > 8.6 mmol/l for taking 75 g oral glucose intake after 2 hrs. Both GDM and control group subjects were followed up to neonatal period to find out neonatal outcomes. Among the total 215 subjects, 84 pregnant women were selected with GDM and rest 131 were control. It is found that GDM alone had a significant (p = 0.05) positive effect on both the duration of pregnancy and fetal birth weight, but not on maternal BMI. Both the effects of duration of pregnancy and GDM are considered together on fetal birth weight, only GDM had significant impact on fetal birth weight compared to the control group. Similarly, when the effect of maternal BMI and GDM is considered together on fetal birth weight, only GDM group was found to have significant effect on fetal birth weight. Parallel results were observed for the effect of both maternal age and GDM on fetal birth weight. In binary logistic regression analysis, when the differences are considered in maternal age, duration of pregnancy and maternal BMI along with GDM, both maternal age ≥ 35 years (OR: 9.43, p = 0.001) and GDM (OR: 10.60, p = 0.003) was found to have significant positive effect on fetal birth weight. It was found that the GDM showed significant influence on fetal birth weight considering the effects of maternal age, duration of pregnancy and maternal BMI.

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 209-218, 2020 (July)
ANALYSING HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS ON THE COMPULSORY ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR TENTH GRADERS OF INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: Sukmawijaya Andi , Yunita Wisma , Sofyan Dedi
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to ascertain proportion of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) based on the revised edition of Bloom’s Taxonomy in the language skills and language knowledge of tasks in the textbook of “Bahasa Inggris of class ten employed in senior, vocational and Islamic senior high schools published by the Ministry of Education of the republic of Indonesia and its relevancy to the 2013 curriculum. By employing a content analysis research design, this study employed content cards as the instrument for analysing the textbook, in which two techniques were used to administer the data, namely content analysis and documentation. The data were analysed qualitatively using Brookhart including compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting and concluding. Results turned out that the proportion of HOTS in language skills is integrated well. In addition, the content of higher-order thinking skills in tasks of the compulsory English textbook of “Bahasa Inggris of class ten employed in senior, vocational and Islamic senior high schools” is relevant to the 2013 curriculum. It has fulfilled the standard suggested by the Decrees of the Ministry of Education. It is recommended that the teachers need to train students extensively on the implementation of the HOTS to achieve the goals targeted in the 2013 curriculum well.
FEASIBILITY TEST OF ENGLISH INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR SECRETARIES THROUGH MOODLE
Authors: Raharjo Didik Hariyadi
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to investigate the feasibility of EFS instructional material developed for ASTRI Budi Luhur students. The research was designed as qualitative and quantitative (mixed) approach. The method used in this study was the Delphi method, and the data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed based on eligibility categories while qualitative data were analyzed to draw conclusions. The feasibility of the product of this research was examined by two experts in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and instructional materials. The result showed that the instructional material was feasible with several improvements. Product feasibility test in this research was carried out three times. Each test was carried out after revising the draft of instructional materials based on input provided by the experts. In the last feasibility test, the experts gave a score of 3.7 for the syllabus and 3.7 for the developed instructional material, indicating that both the syllabus and EFS instructional material developed were very feasible to be applied in EFS learning in ASTRI Budi Luhur Jakarta.
INTERNET-BASED APPROACH IN DISTANCE LEARNING OF PARAGRAPH-WRITING COURSE AT STKIP MUHAMMADIYAH BARRU
Authors: Amri Siti Hardiyanti
Published: August 2020

The era of COVID-19 transforms the traditional classroom into the fully online distance learning system. This new learning mode presents new challenges to both the lecturer and students at the College of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP) Muhammadiyah Barru, Indonesia. This research focused on identifying the types of online platforms applied in distance learning of paragraph writing course, the students’ behaviors and challenges toward the learning system, and the English skill output of the learning process. The method was qualitative descriptive consisting of data collection and data analysis. The data was gathered by interviewing and observing the participants. The data was then analyzed by using distance learning concepts of Cynthia White. The result indicated that the class made use of Multi-synchronous distance learning. However, they preferred to make use the asynchronous distance learning due to the flexibility of time and space, also its cost-effective. Besides, the research found that the students fast adapted to the new learning context for the ability to operate technology, yet they did not fully understand their roles and responsibilities during the learning process. Moreover, as the challenges of self-independent demand, self-awareness and management and the slow internet access of their isolated areas, most of the students did not show satisfied output in writing English paragraph.
Growth and phosphatase activities of Ostreopsis cf. ovata biofilms supplied with diverse dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds
Authors: Ellwood NTW , Pasella MM , Totti C , Accoroni S
Published: August 2020

It is becoming increasingly evident that the use of organic nutrients is widespread among many aquatic phototrophic organisms. Simultaneously, incidents of eutrophication of coastal waters are becoming more common due to rises in organic nutrient loads deriving from anthropogenic activities and natural terrestrial processes. In the northern Adriatic Sea, blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are reported as a frequent phenomenon linked to particular environmental conditions, including increased organic nutrient loads. Ostreopsis blooms typically produce a mucilaginous biofilm that can cover all benthic substrata. In order to clarify the role of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in the onset and maintenance of an O. cf. ovata bloom, we investigated the growth rates in the presence of a range of phosphomonoesters (PMEs) (D-fructose 1,6-disphosphate, β-glycerophosphate, α-D-glucose 1-phosphate, guanosine 5’-monophosphate and phytic acid) and phosphodiesters (PDEs) (DNA and RNA). Levels of both phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) and phosphodiesterase (PDEase) activities were assessed in the O. cf. ovata biofilms. The results showed that O. cf. ovata growth is not inhibited in media containing a wide range of DOP and diverse ratios of PME:PDE compared to those containing inorganic phosphorus. Much of the hydrolytic activity was associated with bacteria and with extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). Our findings suggest that the success of O. cf. ovata stems from the collective participation of all components of the biofilm (O. cf. ovata, EPSs and bacteria) that allows it to thrive in phosphorus-limited environments, but where the main source of phosphorus is organic.
Increased number of mast cells in epicardial adipose tissue of cardiac surgery patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Rozsívalová K , Pierzynová H , Kratochvílová J , Lindner M , Lipš M , Kotulák T , Ivák P , Netuka I , Haluzík M , Kučera T
Published: August 2020

Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Mast cells represent an important component of the innate defense system of the organism. In our work, we quantified mast cell number in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and right atrial myocardium (RA) in patients undergoing open heart surgery (n=57). Bioptic samples of EAT (n=44), SAT (n=42) and RA (n=17) were fixed by 4 % paraformaldehyde and embedded into paraffin. An anti-mast cell tryptase antibody was used for immunohistochemical detection and quantification of mast cells. We also demonstrated immunohistochemically the expression of CD117 and chymase markers. In EAT of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), higher incidence of mast cells has been found compared to patients without CAD (3.7±2.6 vs. 2.1±1.2 cells/mm(2)). In SAT and RA, there was no difference in the number of mast cells in CAD and non-CAD patients. Mast cells in SAT, EAT and RA expressed CD117 and chymase. An increased incidence of mast cells in EAT of CAD patients may indicate the specific role of these inflammatory cells in relation to EAT and coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis.
Calculating and displaying key labels: the texts, sections, authors and neighbourhoods where words and collocations are likely to be prominent
Authors: Jeaco Stephen
Published: August 2020

Corpora are usually not only made up of words, sentences and plain texts; they usually also have metadata, background information and structural features which can be used to filter searches or provide additional information about the context of specific concordance lines. This paper presents a new approach which uses the information about the texts in which words and collocations occur, generating clouds and tables of what are called Key Labels. The procedure can be likened to looking at key words ( Scott, 1997 ; and Scott and Tribble, 2006 ) from the opposite starting point: beginning with a word of interest and exploring the features of texts and the parts of text in which it occurs. The paper explains the background to the procedure, how it is carried out, and how these Key Labels are integrated into The Prime Machine corpus tool for English language learning.
Coproduction of Health Care for Indigenous Women: Evaluating a Medical Intervention in the Great Chaco Region
Authors: Falleti Tulia , Cunial Santiago , Bonczok Sotelo Selene , Crudo Favio
Published: August 2020

Coproduction between state and civil society raises many questions: from state capture, to civil society cooptation, and accountability in public goods and services’ delivery. We analyze a collaboration among Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay and two health-care non-governmental organizations that provide prenatal care to women in the Great Chaco region, where a majority of the population is indigenous and maternal and infant mortality are high. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews, we assess complementarity and embeddedness of the intervention along four dimensions: 1) patients’ access to health-care, 2) diagnostics and treatment, 3) human resources, and 4) financial resources. We argue this intervention is a valuable strategy to improve access and delivery of health care to pregnant women and attend neglected diseases. We also raise concerns about institutional racism and the absence of an intercultural approach to health-care. We contribute to the literatures on coproduction, health care, and indigenous populations.
Listening to First-Time Protesters. The Multiple Meanings of the Chilean Revolt
Authors: Aguilera Carolina , Espinoza Vicente
Published: August 2020

We present an interpretation about the Chilean October 2019 massive manifestations, based on results of a study of first-time participants in protests. We intend to establish the meaning of the protest for people with scant previous political involvement and representing social, demographic and economic diversity
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY MODEL: A BLUE WAVE FORECAST FOR 2020
Authors: Lewis-Beck Michael , Tien Charles
Published: August 2020

The Political Economy model represents one of the earliest political science forecasting models for presidential elections. It relies on a multiple regression equation with just a few predictor variables, drawing from leading theories of vote choice, measured several months before the election. Much has been said about the uniqueness of the 2020 election campaign, e.g., COVID-19, the extreme character of Trump’s rule, the dramatic economic collapse, widespread protests ignited by George Floyd’s killing, among other things. We do not deny these circumstances. However, we believe their effects are absorbed, then expressed, via the causal structure the model suggests. Here we apply the model to forecast the 2020 presidential election (popular and Electoral College votes), followed by forecasts for the House and Senate elections. We forecast a Democratic sweep.
Perturbative-Iterative Computation of Inertial Manifolds of Systems of Delay-Differential Equations with Small Delays
Authors: Roussel Marc R.
Published: August 2020

Delay-differential equations belong to the class of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems. However, it is often observed that the solutions are rapidly attracted to smooth manifolds embedded in the finite-dimensional state space, called inertial manifolds. The computation of an inertial manifold yields an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model representing the long-term dynamics of the system. Note in particular that any attractors must be embedded in the inertial manifold when one exists, therefore reducing the study of these attractors to the ODE context, for which methods of analysis are well developed. This contribution presents a study of a previously developed method for constructing inertial manifolds based on an expansion of the delayed term in small powers of the delay, and subsequent solution of the invariance equation by the Fraser functional iteration method. The combined perturbative-iterative method is applied to several variations of a model for the expression of an inducible enzyme, where the delay represents the time required to transcribe messenger RNA and to translate that RNA into the protein. It is shown that inertial manifolds of different dimensions can be computed. Qualitatively correct inertial manifolds are obtained. Among other things, the dynamics confined to computed inertial manifolds display Andronov–Hopf bifurcations at similar parameter values as the original DDE model.
Fast and Improved Real-Time Vehicle Anti-Tracking System
Authors: Oheka Olivier , Tu Chunling
Published: August 2020

Safety on roads and the prevention of accidents have become major problems in the world. Intelligent cars are now a standard in the future of transportation. Drivers will benefit from the increased support for driving assistance. This means relying on the development of integrated systems that can provide real-time information to help drivers make decisions. Therefore, computer vision systems and algorithms are needed to detect and track vehicles. This helps traffic management and driving assistance. This paper focuses on developing a reliable vehicle tracking system to detect the vehicle that is following the host vehicle. The proposed system uses a unique approach consisting of a mixture of background removal techniques, Haar features in a modified Adaboost algorithm in a cascade configuration, and SURF descriptors for tracking. From the camera mounted at the rear of the host vehicle, videos are captured. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the potential and efficiency of the system.
Follow-Up 18F-FDG PET/CT versus Contrast-Enhanced CT after Ablation of Liver Metastases of Colorectal Carcinoma—A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Schnitzer Moritz L. , Froelich Matthias F. , Gassert Felix G. , Huber Thomas , Gresser Eva , Schwarze Vincent , Nörenberg Dominik , Todica Andrei , Rübenthaler Johannes
Published: August 2020

Purpose: After a percutaneous ablation of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), follow-up investigations to evaluate potential tumor recurrence are necessary. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a combined 18F-Fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan is cost-effective compared to a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) scan for detecting local tumor progression. Materials and Methods: A decision model based on Markov simulations that estimated lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was developed. Model input parameters were obtained from the recent literature. Deterministic sensitivity analysis of diagnostic parameters based on a Monte-Carlo simulation with 30,000 iterations was performed. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) was set to $100,000/QALY. Results: In the base-case scenario, CE-CT resulted in total costs of $28,625.08 and an efficacy of 0.755 QALYs, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT resulted in total costs of $29,239.97 with an efficacy of 0.767. Therefore, the corresponding incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 18F-FDG PET/CT was $50,338.96 per QALY indicating cost-effectiveness based on the WTP threshold set above. The results were stable in deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Based on our model, 18F-FDG PET/CT can be considered as a cost-effective imaging alternative for follow-up investigations after percutaneous ablation of colorectal liver metastases.
Photon Dissipation as the Origin of Information Encoding in RNA and DNA
Authors: Mejía Morales Julián , Michaelian Karo
Published: August 2020

Ultraviolet light incident on organic material can initiate its spontaneous dissipative structuring into chromophores which can catalyze their own replication. This may have been the case for one of the most ancient of all chromophores dissipating the Archean UVC photon flux, the nucleic acids. Oligos of nucleic acids with affinity to particular amino acids which foment UVC photon dissipation would most efficiently catalyze their own reproduction and thus would have been selected through non-equilibrium thermodynamic imperatives which favor dissipation. Indeed, we show here that those amino acids with characteristics most relevant to fomenting UVC photon dissipation are precisely those with greatest chemical affinity to their codons or anticodons. This could provide a thermodynamic basis for the specificity in the amino acid-nucleic acid interaction and an explanation for the accumulation of information in nucleic acids since this information is relevant to the optimization of dissipation of the externally imposed thermodynamic potentials. The accumulation of information in this manner provides a link between evolution and entropy production.
Variational Information Bottleneck for Semi-Supervised Classification
Authors: Voloshynovskiy Slava , Taran Olga , Kondah Mouad , Holotyak Taras , Rezende Danilo
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we consider an information bottleneck (IB) framework for semi-supervised classification with several families of priors on latent space representation. We apply a variational decomposition of mutual information terms of IB. Using this decomposition we perform an analysis of several regularizers and practically demonstrate an impact of different components of variational model on the classification accuracy. We propose a new formulation of semi-supervised IB with hand crafted and learnable priors and link it to the previous methods such as semi-supervised versions of VAE (M1 + M2), AAE, CatGAN, etc. We show that the resulting model allows better understand the role of various previously proposed regularizers in semi-supervised classification task in the light of IB framework. The proposed IB semi-supervised model with hand-crafted and learnable priors is experimentally validated on MNIST under different amount of labeled data.
Behind an Accelerated Scientific Research Career: Dynamic Interplay of Endogenous and Exogenous Forces in Talent Development
Authors: Dai David Yun , Li Xian (Stella)
Published: August 2020

This study looks at the educational experiences, from the preschool years to advanced professional training in STEM fields, of a targeted sample of 10 (7 male, 3 female) early college entrants in China who later became professors at prestigious USA research universities. The purpose of the study was to find out (1) what some identifiable endogenous factors were about these individuals that facilitated the success of their accelerated learning and development; (2) what kinds of exogenous factors (e.g., environmental opportunities, resources, support) they experienced from childhood to adulthood that enhanced the successful acceleration experience; and (3) how these endogenous and exogenous factors facilitated their developmental transitions every step of the way, especially from the role of a student to that of an aspiring scientist. These questions are addressed in light of evolving complexity theory. Retrospective interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis of the codes from interview data yielded a conceptual map. A distinct set of endogenous and exogenous factors at different developmental junctures were identified, and their dynamic interplay was delineated to account for accelerated trajectories toward a scientific research career. The theoretical significance and practical implications of the study for talent development in science are discussed.
V2G Strategy for Improvement of Distribution Network Reliability Considering Time Space Network of EVs
Authors: Lee Hak-Ju , Oh Byeong-Chan , Kim Seok-Woong , Kim Sung-Yul
Published: August 2020

Reliability is an important index which determines the power service and quality provided to customers. As the demand increases continuously and the system changes in accordance with the environmental regulation, the reliability assessment in the distribution system becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose methods for improving the reliability of the distribution system using electric vehicles (EVs) in the system. In this paper, EVs are used as power supplying devices, such as a transportable energy storage system (ESS) which supplies power when fault occurs in the system, and by using a time–space network (TSN) in particular, EV capacity in accordance with the load arrival time was calculated. Unlike other existing reliability assessments, we did not use the average load of customers. Instead, by taking into account the load pattern by times, we considered the priority for load supply in accordance with the failure scenarios and failure times. Based on the priority calculated for each time of failure and failure scenario, plans for EV operation to minimize expected customer interruption cost (ECOST), the reliability index in the distribution system, were established. Finally, a case study was performed using the IEEE RBTS (Roy Billinton Test System) 2 Bus and the performance of the model proposed in this paper was verified based on the result.
Analysis of Unified Power Flow Controller Steady-State Power Flow Regulation Capability and Its Key Factors
Authors: Yang Jian , Xu Zheng , Zhang Zheren
Published: August 2020

As the latest generation of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) has comprehensive control capability and has played an important role in modern power systems. Research on UPFC steady-state power flow regulation capability is valuable for the design and operation of UPFC projects. To analyze the UPFC regulation capability, in this paper, the interaction between the UPFC and the external system is studied and the key factors of UPFC regulation capability are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the changes in the voltage magnitude and phase angle difference of UPFC-embedded line terminals will hinder the UPFC from regulating the power flow and decrease the UPFC regulation capability. Therefore, the UPFC power flow regulation capability is not only related to the parameters of the UPFC and its installation line, but also related to grid parameters. To analyze the UPFC active power flow regulation capability in practical power grids, the relationship between the UPFC regulation capability and grid parameters is deduced, and an estimation method is proposed to calculate the regulation range. Then, the estimation method is applied in the Chuxiong Power Grid and compared with power flow calculations. The results verify the UPFC power flow regulation characteristics given by the analysis and the effectiveness of the estimation method. Besides, it is shown that the estimation method can lower the requirements for the power flow calculation program, and reduce computation load.
Electrostatic Charging Tendency Analysis Concerning Retrofilling Power Transformers with Envirotemp FR3 Natural Ester
Authors: Zdanowski Maciej
Published: August 2020

Natural and synthetic esters are liquids characterized by insulating properties, high flash point, and biodegradability. For this reason, they are more and more often used as an alternative to conventional mineral oils. Esters are used to fill new or operating transformers previously filled with mineral oil (retrofilling). It is technically unfeasible to completely remove mineral oil from a transformer. Its small residues create with esters a mixture with features significantly different from those of the base liquids. This article presents electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) tests for mixtures of fresh and aged Trafo EN mineral oil with Envirotemp FR3 natural ester from the retrofilling point of view. Under unfavorable conditions, the flow electrification phenomenon can damage the solid insulation in transformers with forced oil circulation. The ECT of the insulating liquids has been specified using the volume density of the qw charge. This parameter has been determined using the Abedian–Sonin model on the basis of the electrification current measured in the flow system, as well as selected physicochemical properties of the liquids. It was shown that ECT is strongly dependent on the type of insulating liquid and pipe material, as well as the composition of the mixtures. The most important finding from the research is that a small amount (up to 10%) of fresh and aged mineral oil is effective in reducing the ECT of Envirotemp FR3 natural ester.
Damping Effect Coupled with the Internal Translator Mass of Linear Generator-Based Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Hong Yue , Eriksson Mikael , Boström Cecilia , Pan Jianfei , Liu Yun , Waters Rafael
Published: August 2020

The damping effect, induced inside the linear generator, is a vital factor to improve the conversion efficiency of wave energy converters (WEC). As part of the mechanical design, the translator mass affects the damping force and eventually affects the performance of the WEC by converting wave energy into electricity. This paper proposes research on the damping effect coupled with translator mass regarding the generated power from WEC. Complicated influences from ocean wave climates along the west coast of Sweden are also included. This paper first compares three cases of translator mass with varied damping effects. A further investigation on coupling effects is performed using annual energy absorption under a series of sea states. Results suggest that a heavier translator may promote the damping effect and therefore improve the power production. However, the hinder effect is also observed and analyzed in specific cases. In this paper, the variations in the optimal damping coefficient are observed and discussed along with different cases.
Comparison of Multi-Control Strategies for the Control of Indoor Air Temperature and CO2 with OpenModelica Modeling
Authors: Wang Wei , Shan Xiaofang , Hussain Syed Asad , Wang Changshan , Ji Ying
Published: August 2020

As most residents spend more than 90% of their time in buildings, acceptable and reasonable control of both indoor thermal comfort and air quality is imperative to ensure occupants’ health status and work productivity. However, current control strategies generally take either thermal comfort or indoor air quality as a single loop, rather than the concurrent control of two. To analyze their mutual influence, this study investigated the performance of three multi-control approaches, i.e., proportional integral derivative (PID) control of thermal comfort and a fixed outdoor air ratio, PID control of thermal comfort and design outdoor air rate, and PID control of thermal comfort and occupancy-based demand-controlled ventilation. As a pilot study, three typical control methods were implemented to a multi-zone building via OpenModelica modeling. The results indicate that indoor air temperature can be well-maintained under three control methods, however, the CO2 concentration under the fixed outdoor air ratio was over 1000 ppm, leading to poor indoor air quality. The control strategy with the design outdoor air rate could not properly ensure the CO2 concentration, due to the over-ventilated or under-ventilated phenomena, subsequently resulting in unnecessary energy waste. The occupancy-based demand controlled ventilation could maintain the CO2 concentration under the set-point with an intermediate power energy utilization.
Performance Assessment of Oil-Immersed Cellulose Insulator Materials Using Time–Domain Spectroscopy under Varying Temperature and Humidity Conditions
Authors: Lai Benhui , Yang Shichang , Zhang Heng , Zhang Yiyi , Fan Xianhao , Liu Jiefeng
Published: August 2020

The measurement of polarization and depolarization currents (PDC) based on time–domain response is an effective method for state assessment of cellulose insulation material in oil-immersed electrical equipment. However, the versatility of the data obtained at different temperatures is limited because of the temperature dependence of the PDC. In this respect, the universal conversion of PDC data at different temperatures is an essential aspect to improve the accuracy of the determination of insulating properties of cellulose materials immersed in the oil. Thus, an innovative temperature conversion method based on polarization time-varying current (PTC, obtained by multiplying the polarization current and time) is proposed in this article. In the current work, the PTC data at different temperatures are obtained from the oil-immersed cellulose pressboards with different moisture. Afterwards, the functional model based on the power series theory is used to simulate the PTC data, through which the coefficients of the power series are found related to the test temperature of the PTC and the moisture content (mc%) of the oil-immersed cellulose pressboards. Furthermore, the functional relationship among moisture, test temperatures, and the feature parameter calculated by these coefficients is established. Thus, the PTC data at various temperatures can be calculated by the established function. The potential application ability of the proposed method is verified by comparing the calculated results with the measured results obtained from the various samples.
Fault Diagnosis of a Granulator Operating under Time-Varying Conditions Using Canonical Variate Analysis
Authors: Quatrini Elena , Li Xiaochuan , Mba David , Costantino Francesco
Published: August 2020

Granulators play a key role in many pharmaceutical processes because they are involved in the production of tablets and capsule dosage forms. Considering the characteristics of the production processes in which a granulator is involved, proper maintenance of the latter is relevant for plant safety. During the operational phase, there is a high risk of explosion, pollution, and contamination. The nature of this process also requires an in-depth examination of the time-dependence of the process variables. This study proposes the application of canonical variate analysis (CVA) to perform fault detection in a granulation process that operates under time-varying conditions. Beyond this, a different approach to the management of process non-linearities is proposed. The novelty of the study is in the application of CVA in this kind of process, because it is possible to state that the actual literature on the theme shows some limitations of CVA in such processes. The aim was to increase the applicability of CVA in variable contexts, with simple management of non-linearities. The results, considering process data from a pharmaceutical granulator, showed that the proposed approach could detect faults and manage non-linearities, exhibiting future scenarios for more performing and automatic monitoring techniques of time-varying processes.
Feasibility Study on Strain-Based Seismic Design Criteria for Nuclear Components
Authors: Koo Gyeong-Hoi , Kim Jong-Sung , Kim Yun-Jae
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the feasibility study to develop strain-based seismic design criteria applicable for the components of nuclear power plants are carried out as an alternative rule to the current stress-based criteria. To do this, two acceptance criteria are investigated through the detailed example of an application for the surge line nozzles in a nuclear steam supply system, which are known as one of the seismic fragile components in nuclear power plants. These strain-based seismic design criteria are primarily to prevent two types of failure modes, such as a ductile fracture and a cyclic fatigue-induced damage due to continuous large amplitude cyclic loads during seismic event. Through the example problem, the required procedures are described step-by-step with calculations of an accumulated plastic strain, triaxiality factor by the elasto-plastic seismic analysis using the finite element method. For a precise inelastic seismic analysis, the Chaboche kinematic and Voce isotropic hardening material parameters are identified by the test data and used for an inelastic material model. The results by the strain-based criteria are compared with those by the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) stress-based design criteria for a service level D limits. From the study, it is expected that the strain-based seismic design method investigated in this paper will be beneficial for the nuclear components, especially when the design basis earthquakes are large enough to cause severe plastic strains at a critical location.
Thermal Distortion of Signal Propagation Modes Due to Dynamic Loading in Medium-Voltage Cables
Authors: Wouters Peter , van Deursen Armand
Published: August 2020

Temperature variation from dynamic cable loading affects the propagation characteristics of transient signals. The distortion of modal signal components as a function of temperature in a three-phase medium-voltage cable is investigated. The temperature influence arises mainly through the complex insulation permittivity, which has a non-linear relationship with temperature. Near the maximum operating temperature of the cross-linked polyethylene insulation, the propagation velocity increases by 0.56% per degree centigrade but is an order of magnitude less sensitive at ambient temperature. The paper presents modeling results based on cable impedance and admittance matrices obtained from electromagnetic field simulation, taking into account the time-varying temperature distribution in the cable cross-section. The results are verified by applying Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation analysis. In the time domain, signal patterns shift when the modal propagation velocities change upon cable loading. Moreover, separation of degenerate modes is observed when the cable phase conductors carry an unbalanced current. The perspectives for exploiting the temperature dependency of signal propagation for pinpointing cable defects and for dynamic rating of underground power cables are discussed.
Designing Solar Power Purchase Agreement of Rooftop PVs with Battery Energy Storage Systems under the Behind-the-Meter Scheme
Authors: Prapanukool Chawin , Chaitusaney Surachai
Published: August 2020

With a significant growth of rooftop photovoltaic systems (PVs) with battery energy storage systems (BESS) under the behind-the-meter scheme (BTMS), the solar power purchase agreement (SPPA) has been developed into one of the most attractive models. The SPPA is a scheme where the investors propose to directly sell electricity from rooftop PVs to the customers. The proposed rates are typically performed in terms of the discount rates on the time-of-use (TOU) tariff with demand charges. The operation modes of the BESS should also be designed in accordance with the proposed rates. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to design the discount rates and operation modes of the BESS which will minimize the electricity charges of the customers while maintaining the revenue of the investors under the SPPA and BTMS. The reverse power flow is considered as additional revenue to the investors. This paper also implements the proposed methodology with tariff structure in Thailand. The result showed that the installed capacity of rooftop PVs and battery capacity directly affect the discount rates and operation modes of the BESS. The rate of excess energy also has a significant impact on the discount rates but not affect the operation modes.