bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic simulation of a centrifugal bioreactor for high population density hybridoma culture
Authors: Detzel Christopher J. , Mason Derek J. , Davis William C. , van Wie Bernard J.
Published: October 2009

Demand for increasingly complex post‐translationally modified proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), necessitates the use of mammalian hosts for production. The focus of this article is a continuous centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR) capable of increasing volumetric productivity for mAb production through high density hybridoma culture, exceeding 108 cells/mL. At these extreme densities, environmental conditions such as substrate and inhibitor concentrations rapidly change dramatically affecting the growth rate. The development of a kinetic model predicting glucose, mAb, lactate, and ammonium concentrations based on dilution rate and cell density is shown in this article. Additionally, it is found that pH affects both growth rate and viability, and a range of 6.9–7.4 is needed to maintain growth rate above 90% of the maximum. Modeling shows that operating an 11.4 mL CCBR inoculated with 2.0 × 107 cells/mL at a dilution rate of 1.3 h–1, results in a predicted growth rate 82% of the maximum value. At the same dilution rate increasing density to 6.0 × 107 cells/mL decreases the predicted growth rate to 60% of the maximum; however, by increasing dilution rate to 6.1 h−1 the growth rate can be increased to 86% of the maximum. Using the kinetic model developed in this research, the concentration of glucose, mAb, lactate, and ammonium are all predicted within 13% of experimental results. This model and an understanding of how RPM impacts cell retention serve as valuable tools for maintaining high density CCBR cultures, ensuring maximum growth associated mAb production rates. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) for intranasal surgery: A cadaveric study
Authors: Orhan Mustafa , Ikiz Zûhre Asli Aktan , Saylam Canan Yurttas
Published: October 2009

The location and size of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) are variable. These features have clinical importance in nasal surgery because of the difficulty in determining their location. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold and to discuss the importance of such knowledge in minimizing the risk of injury at surgery. Twenty sagittal head sections from formalin‐fixed cadavers were examined. The sections showed no evidence of pathology or trauma. The type of opening of the nasolacrimal duct was a vertical sulcus in 14 of 20 (70%), an oblique sulcus in 2 of 20 (10%), an oblique fissure in 2 of 20 (10%), a vertical fissure in 1 of 20 (5%), and an anteroposterior fissure in 1 of 20 specimens (5%). The lacrimal fold was present in 16 of 20 specimens (80%). Five different forms of this fold were observed. Some morphological features were evaluated quantitatively. We believe that detailed anatomical knowledge of the opening of nasolacrimal duct will be useful in surgical approaches to this area. Clin. Anat. 22:925–931, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy of the floor of the third ventricle in relation to endoscopic ventriculostomy
Authors: Aydin Selcuk , Yilmazlar Selcuk , Aker Sibel , Korfali Ender
Published: October 2009

Neuroanatomical structures that form the floor of the third ventricle (FTV) and neighboring tissues are important in the context of third ventriculostomy (TV) procedures. Thorough knowledge of the anatomical and histological organization of the region would be useful in understanding and preventing surgical complications. Taking the third ventricle region as a model, we aimed to simulate TV and make measurements of 23 cadaver brains, as well as perform histological examinations of the third ventricular floor on five cadaver brains. During the endoscopic TV, we examined the degree to which the structures surrounding the FTV were affected by surgical simulation. To make a clinical comparison, the distance between the center of the FTV and the basilar apex was measured on cranial magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 15 subjects with normal ventricular systems and 15 subjects with moderately enlarged ventricles. Histological examination revealed that the ependymal cells and arachnoid membrane formed the inner and outer surfaces of the third ventricle floor, respectively, whereas the stroma was made up of glial cells exclusively. This region was gliotic and avascular. When cadaver brains with normal and hydrocephalic ventricles were compared, there were significant differences in the distance between the center of the floor and the basilar apex (P < 0.001). On the basis of our study, the optimal site for TV fenestration and balloon inflation is just anterior to the mamillary bodies to avoid injury to neighboring structures. Clin. Anat. 22:916–924, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olefin Production by a Multistep Oxidative Dehydrogenation in a Perovskite Hollow‐Fiber Membrane Reactor
Authors: Czuprat Oliver , Werth Steffen , Schirrmeister Steffen , Schiestel Thomas , Caro Jürgen
Published: October 2009

A multistep permeating hollow‐fiber membrane reactor is introduced with successive parts of permeable and passivated surface segments. This geometry allows a controlled oxygen insertion into the reactor over an extended length in order to overcome the equilibrium conversion. At the same time, it provides a lower oxygen concentration, which yields higher ethene selectivity by selectively burning off in situ the hydrogen formed by conventional catalytic dehydrogenation. In the range of low and moderate ethane conversions, this membrane reactor, by using a standard commercial catalyst, can compete with the best catalysts used in the cofeed mode of the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE). Reaction conditions with long‐term stability could be established that have a comparable ethene yield to those in the industrial steam‐cracking process, but at a temperature that is approximately 100 °C lower.
Oxidation of End‐Capped Pentathienoacenes and Characterization of Their Radical Cations
Authors: Malavé Osuna Reyes , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Hernández Víctor , López Navarrete Juan T. , Vercelli Barbara , Zotti Gianni , Novoa Juan J. , Suzuki Yoshitake , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Henssler John T. , Matzger Adam J.
Published: October 2009

A detailed investigation of the optical and electrochemical properties of two pentathienoacene derivatives, 2,6‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐α‐pentathienoacene (TMS‐T5‐TMS) and 2,6‐bis(triisopropylsilyl)‐α‐pentathienoacene (TIPS‐T5‐TIPS), as the neutral and oxidized species was performed in the temperature range of 80–300 K. The experimental solution UV/Vis and solid‐state Raman spectra were interpreted by using time‐dependent DFT and DFT quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level. Bond lengths, HOMO–LUMO positions, and charge distribution were also predicted by computational methods for both the neutral and oxidized states of each thienoacene. As evidenced by ESR and spectroelectrochemical data, upon oxidation the pentathienoacene derivative with the less sterically hindering trimethylsilyl solubilizing groups, TMS‐T5‐TMS, undergoes π dimerization to form [TMS‐T5‐TMS]22+. In contrast, TIPS‐T5‐TIPS, with the more bulky triisopropylsilyl solubilizing groups, was oxidized to the radical cation but dimerization was prevented due to steric interactions. These experimental observations are supported by DFT calculations, which were used to investigate [TMS‐T5‐TMS]22+ and [TIPS‐T5‐TIPS]22+ π dimers in the solid state and in solution. The redox potentials and absorption peak locations corresponding to the radical cations and π dimer of TMS‐T5‐TMS were identified experimentally.
Size Selectivity of a Copper Metal–Organic Framework and Origin of Catalytic Activity in Epoxide Alcoholysis
Authors: Jiang Dongmei , Urakawa Atsushi , Yulikov Maxim , Mallat Tamas , Jeschke Gunnar , Baiker Alfons
Published: October 2009

{Cu(bpy)(H2O)2(BF4)2(bpy)} (Cu‐MOF; MOF=metal–organic framework; bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine), with a 3D‐interpenetrated structure and saturated Cu coordination sites in the framework, possesses unexpectedly high activity in the ring‐opening reaction of epoxides with MeOH, although the reaction rate drops remarkably with more bulky alcohols. This (apparent) size selection and the single Cu2+ sites in an identical environment of the crystalline matrix resemble zeolites. The real nature of active sites was investigated by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR), Raman, EPR, and UV/Vis spectroscopies. Cu‐MOF has highly dynamic structural properties that respond to MeOH; its framework dimensions change from 3D to 2D by restructuring to a symmetric coordination of four bpy units to Cu. This interaction is accompanied by the partial dissolution of Cu‐MOF as multi‐Cu clusters, in which Cu2+ ions are connected with bpy ligands. Although both molecular and surface catalysis contribute to the high rate of alcoholysis, the soluble oligomeric species (Cumbpyn) are far more active. Finally, addition of diethyl ether to the reaction mixture induces the reconstruction of dissolved and solid Cu‐MOF to the original framework structure, thereby allowing excellent recyclability of Cu‐MOF as an apparent heterogeneous catalyst. In contrast, the original Cu‐MOF structure is maintained upon contact with larger alcohols, such as iPrOH and tBuOH, thus leading to poor activity in epoxide ring opening.
Nonparametric covariate adjustment for receiver operating characteristic curves
Authors: Yao Fang , Craiu Radu V. , Reiser Benjamin
Published: October 2009

The accuracy of a diagnostic test is typically characterized using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Summarizing indexes such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are used to compare different tests as well as to measure the difference between two populations. Often additional information is available on some of the covariates which are known to influence the accuracy of such measures. The authors propose nonparametric methods for covariate adjustment of the AUC. Models with normal errors and possibly non‐normal errors are discussed and analyzed separately. Nonparametric regression is used for estimating mean and variance functions in both scenarios. In the model that relaxes the assumption of normality, the authors propose a covariate‐adjusted Mann–Whitney estimator for AUC estimation which effectively uses available data to construct working samples at any covariate value of interest and is computationally efficient for implementation. This provides a generalization of the Mann–Whitney approach for comparing two populations by taking covariate effects into account. The authors derive asymptotic properties for the AUC estimators in both settings, including asymptotic normality, optimal strong uniform convergence rates and mean squared error (MSE) consistency. The MSE of the AUC estimators was also assessed in smaller samples by simulation. Data from an agricultural study were used to illustrate the methods of analysis. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38:27–46; 2010 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Long‐term surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with low‐grade brain tumors
Authors: Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung‐Ki , Cho Byung‐Kyu , Lee Seo Young , Park Su Yeon , Park Sung‐joon , Lee Sang Kun , Kim Ki Joong , Chung Chun Kee
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND:

Tumor‐related temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has a high likelihood of medical intractability and requires surgical treatment. The aims of this study were to analyze the long‐term surgical outcomes of and to present appropriate surgical strategies for tumor‐related TLE.

METHODS:

The clinical data of 87 consecutive patients diagnosed with tumor‐related TLE were analyzed. The median age at surgery was 22 years. Sixteen patients had a tumor confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus, and 10 of them received a tailored lesionectomy without hippocampectomy. The surgical outcome was evaluated based on 3 aspects: seizure control, tumor control, and discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

RESULTS:

The actuarial seizure and tumor control rates at the fifth year postoperatively were 79% and 90%, respectively. Seizure control was highly correlated with tumor control. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with poor seizure control: duration of epilepsy >10 years, presence of a remote focus on surface electroencephalography, and incomplete tumor removal. The actuarial AED maintenance rates were 47% at the second year and 11% at the fifth year. The median time to AED discontinuation was 22 months. A younger age at surgery was found to be significantly associated with an increased chance of AED discontinuation. Tailored resection focusing on the tumor resulted in a favorable outcome, even for tumors confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus.

CONCLUSIONS:

Surgical treatment of tumor‐related TLE resulted in long‐term seizure control in the majority of patients. Maximal tumor removal can be recommended for tumor‐related TLE. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
CK19 and CD10 expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Salla Charitini , Konstantinou Panagiotis , Chatzipantelis Paschalis
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND:

CK19 and CD10 are useful markers in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. The authors evaluated CK19 and CD10 expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) obtained by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).

METHODS:

Twenty‐eight patients diagnosed with pancreatic NETs based on EUS‐FNA cytology were studied retrospectively (2004‐2007) for immunohistochemical expression of CK19 and CD10. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cell blocks for each case. The pattern of expression for CD10 (cytoplasmic or membranous) and its intensity (0‐2) were noted. The staining of the stromal elements for CD10 was recorded as negative. Cytoplasmic staining in tumor cells and percentage distribution (1+ to 4+) for CK19 were regarded as positive.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐three of 28 (82.14%) NETs showed positive cytoplasmic and/or membranous staining for CD10, and 25 of 28 (89.29%) cases were positive for CK19.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings demonstrate the high expression of CD10 and CK19 in pancreatic NETs. This indicates that CD10 and CK19 cannot reliably differentiate NETs from other tumors with similar cytomorphologic features (solid pseudopapillary tumors, which frequently stain with CD10, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which stains with CK19). Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The peak point of LURR and its significance
Authors: Yin Xiang‐Chu , Zhang Lang‐Ping , Zhang Yongxian , Peng Keyin , Wang Haitao , Song Zhiping , Zhang Xiaotao , Yuan Shuai
Published: October 2009

The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) value fluctuates around one during the early stage of the seismogenic process and then rises and reaches its peak point before the occurrence of a strong earthquake; the strong earthquake however does not onset at that time, but after the peak point LURR decreases sharply at the eve of the main shock before the final event outbreak. Thus, the peak point of LURR is ahead of the occurrence of an earthquake. We denote the lead time as T2. The discovery of peak point for LURR and the relationship between T2 and magnitude M is of great significance as the peak point is usually easy to determine and then we can predict the occurrence time for the coming event according to Equation (3) so that we can enhance the precision of time for earthquake prediction in terms of LURR from ‘year’ scale to ‘month’ scale. The variation of LURR around the Wenchuan earthquake and its lesson to us are depicted in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exciton Migration in Conjugated Dendrimers: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Köse Muhammet E. , Graf Peter , Kopidakis Nikos , Shaheen Sean E. , Kim Kwiseon , Rumbles Garry
Published: October 2009

We report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of exciton diffusion in phenyl‐cored thiophene dendrimers. Experimental exciton diffusion lengths of the dendrimers vary between 8 and 17 nm, increasing with the size of the dendrimer. A theoretical methodology is developed to estimate exciton diffusion lengths for conjugated small molecules in a simulated amorphous film. The theoretical approach exploits Fermi’s Golden Rule to estimate the energy transfer rates for a large ensemble of bimolecular complexes in random relative orientations. Utilization of Poisson’s equation in the evaluation of the Coulomb integral leads to very efficient calculation of excitonic couplings between the donor and the acceptor chromophores. Electronic coupling calculations with delocalized transition densities revealed efficient coupling pathways in the bulk of the material, but do not result in strong couplings between the chromophores which are calculated for more localized transition densities. The molecular structures of dendrimers seem to be playing a significant role in the magnitude of electronic coupling between chromophores. Simulated diffusion lengths correlate well with the experimental data. The chemical structure of the chromophore, the shape of the transition densities and the exciton lifetime are found to be the most important factors in determining the size of the exciton diffusion length in amorphous films of conjugated materials.
Modulation of Substrate–Membrane Interactions by Linear Poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) Spacers Revealed by X‐ray Reflectivity and Ellipsometry
Authors: Seitz Peter C. , Reif Michael D. , Konovalov Oleg V. , Jordan Rainer , Tanaka Motomu
Published: October 2009

Hydrated polymer interlayers between planar lipid membranes and solid substrates provide a water reservoir and thus maintain a finite membrane–substrate distance. Linear polymer spacers attached to lipid head groups (lipopolymer tethers) can be used as a defined model of oligo‐ and polysaccharides covalently anchored on cell surfaces (glycocalyx). They can offer a unique advantage over membranes physisorbed on polymer films (called polymer‐cushioned membranes), owing to their ability to control both the length and density of polymer chains. In this study, a lipopolymer tether composed of a stable ether lipid moiety and a hydrophilic poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) spacer with a length of 60 monomer units is used to fabricate supported membranes by the successive deposition of proximal (lower) and distal (upper) leaflets. Using specular X‐ray reflectivity and ellipsometry, we systematically investigate how the lateral density of polymer chains influences the membrane–substrate interactions. The combination of two types of reflectivity techniques under various conditions enables the calculation of quantitative force–distance relationships. Such artificial membrane systems can be considered as a half‐model of cell–cell contacts mediated via the glycocalyx, which reveals the influence of polymer chain density on the interplay of interfacial forces at biological interfaces.
Environmental conflict resolution: Evaluating performance outcomes and contributing factors
Authors: Emerson Kirk , Orr Patricia J. , Keyes Dale L. , Mcknight Katherine M.
Published: October 2009

This empirical study of fifty‐two environmental conflict resolution (ECR) processes is based on an evaluation framework that specifies key conditions and factors that contribute to ECR outcomes. Data were collected on a range of ECR processes and applications. This article reports on findings from a multilevel modeling analysis that focuses on three primary outcomes: reaching agreement, the quality of agreement, and improved working relationships among parties. Effective engagement of parties is identified as a major contributor to all three outcomes. Other key factors that operate directly and indirectly through effective engagement are involvement of appropriate parties, the skills and practices of ECR mediators and facilitators, and incorporation of relevant and high‐quality information. Findings generally support the ECR evaluation framework.
Photochemical Key Steps in the Synthesis of Surfactants from Furfural‐Derived Intermediates
Authors: Gassama Abdoulaye , Ernenwein Cédric , Hoffmann Norbert
Published: October 2009

Furfural is oxidized to 2[5H]‐furanone by using hydrogen peroxide or to 5‐hydroxy‐2[5H]‐furanone by using photo‐oxygenation. An amine function is introduced by photochemically induced radical addition of tertiairy amines, some of which carry an n‐alkyl side chain as hydrophobic moiety. These amines are produced from fatty aldehydes and cyclic secondary amines. The resulting adducts are transformed into amphoteric surfactants possessing an ammonium and a carboxylate function. Amphoteric (pKN and isoelectric point) and surfactant properties such as the critical micelle concentration and the adsorption efficiency are determined.
Childhood risk factors in Korean women with anorexia nervosa: Two sets of case‐control studies with retrospective comparisons
Authors: Kim Youl‐Ri , Heo Si Young , Kang Heechan , Song Ki Jun , Treasure Janet
Published: October 2009

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) in Korean women.

Method:

Two sets of case–control comparisons were conducted, in which 52 women with lifetime AN from Seoul, S. Korea, were compared with 108 Korean healthy controls and also with 42 women with lifetime AN from the UK in terms of their childhood risk factors. A questionnaire designed to conduct a retrospective assessment of the childhood risk factors was administered to all participants.

Results:

The Korean AN women were more likely to report premorbid anxiety, perfectionism, and emotional undereating and were less likely to report having supportive figures in their childhood than the Korean healthy controls. There were no overall differences in the childhood risk factors between the Korean and British women with AN.

Discussion:

Premorbid anxiety, perfectionism, less social support, and emotional undereating merit attention as risk factors in Korean AN. The current results are informative, but an epidemiologically robust prospective case–control study would be needed to validate these findings. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
Cost‐utility of treatment of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Pohjolainen Veera , Räsänen Pirjo , Roine Risto P. , Sintonen Harri , Wahlbeck Kristian , Karlsson Hasse
Published: October 2009

Objective:

The costs of treating eating disorders are high. Our objective was to perform a cost‐utility analysis of treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Method:

72 patients entering treatment of bulimia nervosa (ICD‐10 diagnosis) completed the 15D health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) before and 6 months after the start of treatment. Quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained were calculated and cost‐utility was assessed within the time horizon of 10 years.

Results:

Baseline HRQoL was severely impaired in the patients. As a consequence of treatment, mean HRQoL improved clinically and statistically significantly. The cost per QALY gained varied from €1,455 to €16,481 (from €4,428 to €19,663 discounted at 5%) depending on the assumptions used in the analysis.

Discussion:

HRQoL of bulimia nervosa patients is severely impaired, but treatment has a clear positive effect on HRQoL. The cost per QALY gained is comparable to many other treatments. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
A qualitative study of perceived social barriers to care for eating disorders: Perspectives from ethnically diverse health care consumers
Authors: Becker Anne E. , Hadley Arrindell Adrienne , Perloe Alexandra , Fay Kristen , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H.
Published: October 2009

Objective:

The study aim was to identify and describe health consumer perspectives on social barriers to care for eating disorders in an ethnically diverse sample.

Method:

We conducted an exploratory secondary analysis of qualitative data comprising transcripts from semi‐structured interviews with past and prospective consumers of eating disorder treatment (n = 32). Transcripts were inputted into NVivo 8 for coding, sorting, and quantifying thematic content of interest within strata defined by ethnic minority and non‐minority participants. We then examined the influence of key social barriers—including stigma and social stereotypes—on perceived impact on care.

Results:

The majority of respondents (78%) endorsed at least one social barrier to care for an eating or weight concern. Perceived stigma (or shame) and social stereotyping—identified both within social networks and among clinicians—had adversely impacted care for 59% and 19% of respondents, respectively.

Discussion:

Social barriers to care for eating and weight related concerns may be prevalent in the U.S. and impact both ethnic minority and non‐minority health care consumers. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
Behavioral assessment of the reinforcing effect of exercise in women with anorexia nervosa: Further paradigm development and data
Authors: Klein Diane A. , Schebendach Janet E. , Gershkovich Marina , Bodell Lindsay P. , Foltin Richard W. , Walsh B. Timothy
Published: October 2009

Objective:

To use a Progressive Ratio (PR) computerized “work” paradigm to measure course and correlates of exercise motivation in in‐patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN).

Method:

Sixteen inpatients with AN participated in a PR task assessing the relative reinforcing effect of two different increments of cash versus the opportunity to exercise for upto 30 min, twice; at low weight, and, for n = 10 participants, after weight restoration.

Results:

There was a trend toward a higher work for exercise with 2 versus 5 increments of cash as the alternative reinforcer. Exercise breakpoint did not differ between low and normal‐weight states. Exercise breakpoint at each time point was correlated with prehospitalization exercise “commitment” (Commitment to Exercise Scale, r = .613, p = .012 at T1; r = .634, p = .049 at T2).

Discussion:

Patients with AN will work at a PR task for access to even a small amount of exercise. Exercise motivation during hospitalization is correlated with prehospital exercise commitment and does not appear to change consistently with weight restoration. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
Dysregulated eating behaviors in borderline personality disorder: Are rejection sensitivity and emotion dysregulation linking mechanisms?
Authors: Selby Edward A. , Ward Anne C. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: October 2009

Objective:

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often engage in dysregulated eating behaviors, such as binge‐eating and purging. Rejection sensitivity, or the tendency to worry about and expect rejection in most situations, may be involved in this relationship by increasing the intensity and frequency of emotion dysregulation.

Method:

Using a sample which included individuals diagnosed with BPD, a structural equation model was constructed using BPD symptoms and measures of rejection sensitivity, emotion dysregulation, and dysregulated eating behaviors.

Results:

The hypothesized model was supported in which BPD symptoms predicted high levels of rejection sensitivity, which then led to increased problems with emotion dysregulation and subsequent dysregulated eating behaviors. A significant indirect effect for rejection sensitivity on dysregulated eating behaviors, through emotion dysregulation, was found. This model also provided better fit than alternative models.

Discussion:

The results of this study indicate that those with BPD may be more sensitive to rejection, and these fears of rejection may result in increased emotion dysregulation and subsequent dysregulated eating behaviors. Appearance‐relevant rejection sensitivity may be an important factor to explore in future research. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
Photoluminescent Porous Modular Lanthanide–Vanadium–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Rocha João , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Shi Fa‐Nian , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Trindade Tito , Carlos Luís D.
Published: October 2009

Modular mixed metal‐organic frameworks with lanthanide centres,M4[M12V24O24(OH)8(H2hedp)8(Hhedp)16(H2O)64+n]·88+y(H2O) (M3+= Y3+, Ce3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Gd3+, Er3+; H5hedp = etidronic acid), have been reported. The compounds have been prepared by (i) slow evaporation of the solvent to afford large single‐crystals of the Y3+, Ce3+and Er3+compounds and (ii) facile one‐pot synthesis (at ambient conditions) overnight to yield microcrystalline Y3+, Ce3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+and Gd3+solids. Framework construction has been shown to be modular and based on the self‐assembly of cyclic trinuclear [V3O3(OH)(H2hedp)(Hhedp)2]6–anionic units with cationic {MO8} or {MO9} aqua‐based lanthanide complexes (with dodecahedral, square antiprismatic or tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometries), which gives rise to unprecedented trinodal networks (having 2‐ and 4‐connected nodes) with a total Schäfli symbol of {4.83.102}2{42.84}{8}2. The anionic charge of the networks is balanced by highly disordered trivalent lanthanide cations in the channels. The compounds have been studied by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry, optical and scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The photoluminescence properties of selected compounds have been investigated. Intriguingly, the co‐existence of V4+and Eu3+cations in the same material allows the fine tuning of the photoluminescence emission from white to purplish‐blue, by changing the excitation wavelength.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Optically Active Polyoxotungstates Bearing Chiral Organophosphonate Substituents
Authors: Carraro Mauro , Modugno Gloria , Sartorel Andrea , Scorrano Gianfranco , Bonchio Marcella
Published: October 2009

Divacant Keggin‐type polyoxotungstates [γ‐XW10O36]8– with X = Si or Ge, were functionalized with chiral phosphoryl groups. The hybrid compounds [(R*PO)2(γ‐XW10O36)]4– with R = N‐protected aminoalkyl groups or O‐protected amino acid derivatives, were isolated. The solution characterization of the products was performed by different techniques: 183W, 31P, 13C, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD). The experimental data confirm the covalent grafting of the organic moieties onto the polyanionic surface. A chirality transfer, from the pendant organic arm to the inorganic framework is apparent from CD studies. Multiple Cotton effects were observed in the region of charge‐transfer transitions pertaining to W–O bonds. Furthermore, the 183W NMR spectra are consistent with the expected C2 symmetry, resulting from introduction of two organic stereocenters. The title complexes were used in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to perform the oxidation of methyl p‐tolyl sulfide. Implications for the design of enantioselective catalysts based on these derivatives are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
An Unprecedented Approach to the Single‐Step Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Pyrimidin‐2‐one and Pyrimidin‐2‐thione Derivatives by a [3+2+1] Annulation
Authors: Sasada Toshiaki , Moriuchi Masato , Sakai Norio , Konakahara Takeo
Published: October 2009

An unprecedented three‐component coupling reaction was developed for the synthesis of 3,4‐fused pyrimidin‐2‐one and pyrimidin‐2‐thione derivatives from an α‐acidic imine compound, a nitrile, and triphosgene or carbon disulfide. This method can be used to easily prepare a variety of pyrimidines from commercially available reagents in a single step. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stereoselective Synthesis of N‐Glycosyl Amino Acids by Traceless Staudinger Ligation of Unprotected Glycosyl Azides
Authors: Nisic Filippo , Andreini Manuel , Bernardi Anna
Published: October 2009

The stereoconservative Staudinger ligation of unprotectedα‐ and β‐glycosyl azides with 2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐4‐fluorophenyl esters to afford α‐ and β‐N‐glycosyl amino acids is described. The ligation method works reliably well for unprotected β‐azides of the gluco, galacto and fuco series. Lower yields (ca. 50 %) were obtained with a β‐glucosyl‐N‐acetyl azide. The reaction of an α‐glucosyl azide also led to major improvements compared with the use of non‐fluorinated phosphanes. All the N‐glycosyl amino acid products can be isolated and byproducts removed from the crude reaction mixtures by simple water extraction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Bismuth(III) Chloride Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enynes
Authors: Wang Zezhou , Fang Shiyue
Published: October 2009

Several simple bismuth(III) salts were screened for the suitability to catalyze the cycloisomerization of enynes. Among them, BiCl3 gave the best results. Under the optimized reaction conditions, eight substrates were studied, and acceptable to excellent isolated yields were obtained. Consistent with data in the literature, electron‐deficient alkynes were found to be better substrates for the reaction than electron‐rich ones. Because BiCl3 is readily available, inexpensive and environmentally benign, this soft Lewis acid catalyzed isomerization reaction is expected to be a good choice for organic chemists to prepare pyrrolidine derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A reality check on technical trading rule profits in the U.S. futures markets
Authors: Park Cheol‐Ho , Irwin Scott H.
Published: October 2009

This article investigates the profitability of technical trading rules in U.S. futures markets during the years 1985–2004. Statistical significance of performance across the trading rules is evaluated using White's Bootstrap Reality Check and Hansen's Superior Predictive Ability tests, which can directly measure the effect of data snooping by testing the performance of the best rule in the context of the full universe of technical trading rules. Results show that the best rules generate statistically significant economic profits for only two of 17 futures markets after correcting for data snooping biases. This evidence suggests that technical trading rules generally have not been profitable in the U.S. futures markets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:633–659, 2010
Cognitive and daily functioning in older adults with vegetative symptoms of depression
Authors: Paradiso Sergio , Duff Kevin , Vaidya Jatin G. , Hoth Angela , Mold James W.
Published: October 2009

Objectives

In primary care 50–95% of patients with depression present with vegetative symptoms (VS). Based on the extant literature, older adults showing VS (but no dysphoria) may show functional impairment but this hypothesis has not been empirically tested. The goal of this study was to examine neurocognitive and daily functioning of elderly patients showing exclusively VS in comparison with patients presenting with VS and dysphoria.

Methods

Seven hundred and eighty‐seven primary care patients received measures of neurocognition and daily functioning. Neurocognition was measured with the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). Three groups were compared: (1) patients with two or more VS of depression without dysphoria (VS − D), (2) patients with at least one VS and dysphoria (VS + D), and (3) comparison patients without multiple VS or dysphoria.

Results

Nearly one third of the sample (31%) fell into the VS − D group, whereas 15% fell into the VS + D group. Both VS groups showed poorer neurocognition and activities of daily living than comparisons. Only one subtest of the RBANS (i.e., picture naming) showed a significant difference between VS + D and VS − D, and there was no significant difference on daily functioning. VS − D patients reported less frequent past history of depression and endorsed less anxiety compared to VS + D.

Conclusions

Elderly patients presenting with clusters of VS with or without dysphoria show poorer neurocognitive and functional performance. Relative poorer cognition and daily functioning in VS − D are potential harbingers of further decline and consistent with under‐reporting of sadness in older age. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the adapted virtual reality cognitive training program among Chinese older adults with chronic schizophrenia: a pilot study
Authors: Chan Christopher L. F. , Ngai Elena K. Y. , Leung Paul K. H. , Wong Stephen
Published: October 2009

Objective

To examine the effect of the adapted virtual reality cognitive training program in older adults with chronic schizophrenia.

Methods

Older adults with chronic schizophrenia were recruited from a long‐stay care setting and were randomly assigned into intervention (n = 12) and control group (n = 15). The intervention group received 10‐session of VR program that consisted of 2 VR activities using IREX. The control group attended the usual programs in the setting.

Results

After the 10‐session intervention, older adults with chronic schizophrenia preformed significantly better than control in overall cognitive function (p  .000), and in two cognitive subscales: repetition (p  .001) and memory (p  .040). These participants engaged in the VR activities volitionally. No problem of cybersickness was observed.

Conclusions

The results of the current study indicate that engaging in the adapted virtual reality cognitive training program offers the potential for significant gains in cognitive function of the older adults with chronic schizophrenia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression, cognitive reserve and memory performance in older adults
Authors: Murphy Mike , O'Leary Eleanor
Published: October 2009

Objectives

The purpose of this research study was to examine the relationship between education and leisure, as markers of cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms and memory performance in a sample of cognitively normal Irish older adults.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey style design was employed to gather data. A sample of 121 older adults in the Cork area was recruited through publicly advertising for volunteers. Only those volunteers who obtained a score of greater than 23 on the MMSE, and were not taking antidepressant or anxiolytic medications, were included. Data from 99 participants were included in the analysis.

Results

Controlling for age and gender, depressive symptoms were found to be associated with poorer immediate recall performance, while greater than 12 years of education was positively associated with delayed recall and savings. Leisure did not emerge as being associated with any of the dimensions of memory assessed.

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms emerged as associated with immediate recall, even though few of the participants met the cut‐off for caseness. This may indicate a need for intervention in cases of subclinical depression with associated memory complaints. The association between education level and both delayed recall and savings provides support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis, and may suggest useful non‐pharmacological approaches to memory deficits in later life. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α Function in Human Hepatocellular Adenomas Leads to Aberrant Activation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Pelletier Laura , Rebouissou Sandra , Paris Alain , Rathahao-Paris Estelle , Perdu Elisabeth , Bioulac-Sage Paulette , Imbeaud Sandrine , Zucman-Rossi Jessica
Published: October 2009

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign liver tumors that usually develop in women who are taking oral contraceptives. Among these tumors, biallelic inactivating mutations of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (

HNF1A

) transcription factor have been frequently identified and in rare cases of hepatocellular carcinomas developed in noncirrhotic liver. Because

HNF1A

meets the genetic criteria of a tumor suppressor gene, we aimed to elucidate the tumorigenic mechanisms related to HNF1α inactivation in hepatocytes. We searched for signaling pathways aberrantly activated in human

HNF1A

-mutated HCA (H-HCA) using a genome-wide transcriptome analysis comparing five H-HCA with four normal livers. We validated the main pathways by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting in a large series of samples. Then, we assessed the role of HNF1α in the observed deregulations in hepatocellular cell models (HepG2 and Hep3B) by silencing its endogenous expression using small interfering RNA. Along with the previously described induction of glycolysis and lipogenesis, H-HCA also displayed overexpression of several genes encoding growth factor receptors, components of the translation machinery, cell cycle, and angiogenesis regulators, with, in particular, activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Moreover, estradiol detoxification activities were shut down, suggesting a hypersensitivity of H-HCA to estrogenic stimulation. In the cell model, inhibition of HNF1α recapitulated most of these identified transcriptional deregulations, demonstrating that they were related to HNF1α inhibition.

Conclusion:

H-HCA showed a combination of alterations related to HNF1α inactivation that may cooperate to promote tumor development. Interestingly, mTOR appears as a potential new attractive therapeutic target for treatment of this group of HCAs. (Hepatology 2009.)
Toll-Like Receptor 9 Inhibition Confers Protection From Liver Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Bamboat Zubin M. , Balachandran Vinod P. , Ocuin Lee M. , Obaid Hebroon , Plitas George , DeMatteo Ronald P.
Published: October 2009

Endogenous ligands such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and nucleic acids are released by dying cells and bind Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Because TLR9 sits at the interface of microbial and sterile inflammation by detecting both bacterial and endogenous DNA, we investigated its role in a model of segmental liver ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mice were subjected to 1 hour of ischemia and 12 hours of reperfusion before assessment of liver injury, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Wild-type (WT) mice treated with an inhibitory cytosine-guanosine dinucleotide (iCpG) sequence and TLR9−/− mice had markedly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and inflammatory cytokines after liver I/R. Liver damage was mediated by bone marrow–derived cells because WT mice transplanted with TLR9−/− bone marrow were protected from hepatic I/R injury. Injury in WT mice partly depended on TLR9 signaling in neutrophils, which enhanced production of ROS, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

In vitro

, DNA released from necrotic hepatocytes increased liver nonparenchymal cell (NPC) and neutrophil cytokine secretion through a TLR9-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of both TLR9 and HMGB1 caused maximal inflammatory cytokine suppression in neutrophil cultures and conferred even greater protection from I/R injury

in vivo

.

Conclusion:

TLR9 serves as an endogenous sensor of tissue necrosis that exacerbates the innate immune response during liver I/R. Combined blockade of TLR9 and HMGB1 represents a clinically relevant, novel approach to limiting I/R injury. (Hepatology 2009.)
PKMζ maintains 1‐day‐ and 6‐day‐old long‐term object location but not object identity memory in dorsal hippocampus
Authors: Hardt Oliver , Migues Paola V. , Hastings Margaret , Wong Jacinda , Nader Karim
Published: October 2009

Continuous activity of the atypical protein kinase C isoform M zeta (PKMζ) is necessary for maintaining long‐term memory acquired in aversively or appetitively motivated associative learning tasks, such as active avoidance, aversive taste conditioning, auditory and contextual fear conditioning, radial arm maze, and watermaze. Whether unreinforced, nonassociative memory will also require PKMζ for long‐term maintenance is not known. Using recognition memory for object location and object identity, we found that inactivating PKMζ in dorsal hippocampus abolishes 1‐day and 6‐day‐old long‐term recognition memory for object location, while recognition memory for object identity was not affected by this treatment. Memory for object location persisted for no more than 35 days after training. These results suggest that the dorsal hippocampus mediates long‐term memory for where, but not what things have been encountered, and that PKMζ maintains this type of spatial knowledge as long as the memory exists. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enrichment of glutaminase production by Bacillus subtilis RSP‐GLU in submerged cultivation based on neural network—genetic algorithm approach
Authors: Sathish Thadikamala , Prakasham Reddy Shetty
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND: Owing to the importance of glutaminase in biotech product production, its production with isolated Bacillus subtilis RSP‐GLU (MTCC 9727) was investigated. Fermentation factors play an important role in product enhancement. Hence, glutaminase production was optimized using an artificial neural network (ANN) coupled genetic algorithm (GA).

RESULTS: A ‘6–12–1’ topology ANN was constructed to identify the nonlinear relationship between fermentation factors and enzyme yield. ANN‐predicted values were optimized for glutaminase production using a GA. The overall mean absolute predictive error (MAPE) and the mean square errors (MSE) were observed to be 0.00125 and 1.77 and 0.002 and 3.06 for training and testing, respectively. The goodness of neural network prediction (coefficient of R2) was found to be 0.996. The maximum interactive impact on glutaminase production was noted with rpm versus medium volume. The use of ANN–GA hybrid methodology resulted in a significant improvement (47%) in glutaminase yield.

CONCLUSION: Five different optimum fermentation conditions out of 500 revealed maximum enzyme production. Glutaminase enzyme production in this Bacillus subtilis RSP‐GLU is strongly influenced by aeration of the fermentation. A hybrid ANN‐GA effectively identifies the different fermentation conditions for optimum production of enzyme in a given large set of conditions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry