bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current Epizootiological Situation of Three Major Viral Infections Affecting Cattle in Egypt
Authors: Rouby Sherin R. , Ghonaim Ahmed H. , Chen Xingxiang , Li Wentao
Published: September 2024

One of the major factors hindering efficient livestock production is the presence of high-impact infectious animal diseases, such as foot and mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD), and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), which are notable viral infections affecting cattle in Egypt, leading to significant economic losses. FMD is caused by the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) of the genus Aphthovirus in the Picornaviridae family. LSD is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of Capripox genus within the Poxviridae family, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. BEF is caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) of genus Ephemerovirus in the Rhabdoviridae family. FMD is a highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild cloven-hooved animals and can spread through the wind. On the other hand, LSD and BEF are arthropod-borne viral diseases that mainly affect domestic cattle and water buffalo. Despite government vaccination efforts, these three viral diseases have become widespread in Egypt, with several reported epidemics. Egypt’s importation of large numbers of animals from different countries, combined with unregulated animal movements through trading and borders between African countries and Egypt, facilitates the introduction of new FMDV serotypes and lineages not covered by the current vaccination plans. To establish an effective control program, countries need to assess the real epizootic situation of various infectious animal diseases to develop an efficient early warning system. This review provides information about FMD, LSD, and BEF, including their economic impacts, causative viruses, global burden, the situation in Egypt, and the challenges in controlling these diseases.
The Role of Viruses in Pulpal and Apical Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hermosilla Hermosilla Katia , Soto Cárdenas Paula , Donoso Zuñiga Manuel , Pérez Ñanco Cecilia , Hernández-Vigueras Scarlette
Published: September 2024

Apical lesions are diseases of infectious origin that can cause destruction of the surrounding periapical tissue, including bone tissue and periodontal ligaments, resulting in the loss of the affected teeth. Currently, the microorganisms present in pulp and apical disease are mostly studied as bacteria. However, in recent years, interest has been aroused in the study of viruses that could be present in apical lesions, and how these could affect the progression of disease. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate and synthesize the scientific evidence on the presence of viruses and their possible role in pulpal and apical disease. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA reporting guidelines. The search for studies was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. A total of seven studies published in the last 10 years were included. The types of samples used for virus analysis varied from one study to another. In all the included studies, the presence of any of the types of viruses studied was found, either in pulp or apical tissue. Herpesviridae family, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) stood out as the most commonly present in apical lesions. Further studies are required to clarify and understand the pathogenic role of viruses in pulpal and periapical disease.
STING Orchestrates EV-D68 Replication and Immunometabolism within Viral-Induced Replication Organelles
Authors: Triantafilou Kathy , Szomolay Barbara , Shepherd Mark William , Ramanjulu Joshi , Triantafilou Martha
Published: September 2024

Some respiratory viruses, such as Human Rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and Enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68), share the feature of hijacking host lipids in order to generate specialised replication organelles (ROs) with unique lipid compositions to enable viral replication. We have recently uncovered a novel non-canonical function of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, as a critical factor in the formation of ROs in response to HRV infection. The STING pathway is the main DNA virus sensing system of the innate immune system controlling the type I IFN machinery. Although it is well-characterised as part of the DNA sensor machinery, the STING function in RNA viral infections is largely unexplored. In the current study, we investigated whether other RO-forming RNA viruses, such as EV-D68 and SARS-CoV-2, can also utilise STING for their replication. Using genetic and pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that STING is hijacked by these viruses and is utilised as part of the viral replication machinery. STING also co-localises with glycolytic enzymes needed to fuel the energy for replication. The inhibition of STING leads to the modulation of glucose metabolism in EV-D68-infected cells, suggesting that it might also manipulate immunometabolism. Therefore, for RO-generating RNA viruses, STING seems to have non-canonical functions in membrane lipid re-modelling, and the formation of replication vesicles, as well as immunometabolism.
Research Progress into the Biological Functions of IFITM3
Authors: Xie Qian , Wang Liangliang , Liao Xinzhong , Huang Bi , Luo Chuming , Liao Guancheng , Yuan Lifang , Liu Xuejie , Luo Huanle , Shu Yuelong
Published: September 2024

Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are upregulated by interferons. They are not only highly conserved in evolution but also structurally consistent and have almost identical structural domains and functional domains. They are all transmembrane proteins and have multiple heritable variations in genes. The IFITM protein family is closely related to a variety of biological functions, including antiviral immunity, tumor formation, bone metabolism, cell adhesion, differentiation, and intracellular signal transduction. The progress of the research on its structure and related functions, as represented by IFITM3, is reviewed.
Identification of a Novel Antiviral Lectin against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant from Shiitake-Mushroom-Derived Vesicle-like Nanoparticles
Authors: Wiggins Joshua , Karim Shazeed-Ul , Liu Baolong , Li Xingzhi , Zhou You , Bai Fengwei , Yu Jiujiu , Xiang Shi-Hua
Published: September 2024

Lectins are a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins that may have antiviral activity by binding to the glycans on the virion surface to interfere with viral entry. We have identified a novel lectin (named Shictin) from Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles (VLNs, or exosomes) that exhibits strong activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with an IC50 value of 87 nM. Shictin contains 298 amino acids and consists of two unique domains (N-terminal and C-terminal domain). The N-terminal domain is the carbohydrate-binding domain (CBD) that is homologous with CBDs of other lectins, suggesting that Shictin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by binding to the glycans on the virion surface to prevent viral entry. This finding demonstrates that exosomes of vegetables are a valuable source for the identification of antiviral lectins. Therefore, it is believed that lectins from vegetable VLNs have potential as antiviral therapeutic agents.
Research on Sediment Erosion and Anti-Wear Coating Materials for Water-Intake Components of Hydraulic Turbines in Sandy Rivers
Authors: Wang Yongfei , Gang Yuanyuan , Su Lei , Wang Tong , Cai Yinhui , Li Xiaofei , Liu Xiaobing , Pang Jiayang
Published: September 2024

The operational efficiency, stability, and lifespan of hydroelectric power plants operating on sediment-laden rivers are affected by sediment erosion. A numerical simulation of the sand–water flow in the water-intake components of a turbine at a specific power station was conducted using the Euler–Lagrange method. Additionally, sediment erosion tests were carried out on the water-intake components coated with epoxy mortar material. The results indicate that sediment erosion on the stay vane surface mainly occurs on the front face, with the most severe erosion at the head, while sediment erosion on the stay ring surface primarily occurs near the stay vane head. The extent of erosion is mainly influenced by the distribution characteristics of sediment particles. The wear of epoxy mortar coating material is minimally affected by the spraying thickness. Adding 30% hardener to the epoxy mortar material can significantly improve the erosion resistance of the stay vane surface by about 30%. The erosion rate on the frontside of the stay vane is approximately 2.6 times that of the backside. Based on the sediment erosion tests and numerical simulation results of the sand–water flow, an estimation formula for the sediment erosion rate of the epoxy mortar erosion-resistant coating was established. This formula can be used to predict the anti-sediment erosion performance of epoxy mortar materials applied to the water-intake components of this turbine and similar river turbines.
A Low-Impact Development-Based Modeling Framework for Flood Mitigation in a Coastal Community
Authors: Baltaci Enis , Kalin Latif
Published: September 2024

Urbanization is known to increase the volume of stormwater runoff and peak flow rates, which leads to changes in the natural flow regime and increases the likelihood of flooding. Low-impact development (LID) practices seek to reduce runoff volume and peak flow and are generally considered to be a more sustainable solution for urban stormwater management. In this study, we present a systematic approach to address nuisance flooding issues in small cities and communities. As an application, the effectiveness of two LID practices, rain barrels and permeable pavements, were explored in mitigating the urban flooding problem of a highly urbanized small coastal watershed in Alabama, USA. The EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was first calibrated for water depth using data collected at multiple sites within the watershed during the 2014–2015 period. The calibrated model was then used to first identify the areas prone to flooding using design storms with 1, 2, 5-, 10-, 50-, and 100-year return periods. Floodplain maps were generated for those design storms with HEC-RAS. Next, LID options upstream of those flood-prone areas were assessed to potentially minimize the flooding risks. The results indicate that LID controls can have considerable benefits for stormwater management by reducing runoff volume (1–24%), peak flow rates (18–25%), and water depth (5–15%), potentially returning watersheds to their natural flow regimes, thereby minimizing the flooding risk in urbanized areas. However, the effectiveness of LIDs, especially for the runoff volume, quickly diminishes as the return periods of the storms increase. Rain barrels were identified as the most economical and effective LID within the drainage system.
Comparative Evaluation of Water Level Forecasting Using IoT Sensor Data: Hydrodynamic Model SWMM vs. Machine Learning Models Based on NARX Framework
Authors: Frisk Fredrik , Johansson Ola
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the accuracy of water level forecasting using two approaches: the hydrodynamic model SWMM and machine learning (ML) models based on the Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) framework. SWMM offers a physically based modeling approach, while NARX is a data-driven method. Both models use real-time precipitation data, with their predictions compared against measurements from a network of IoT sensors in a stormwater management system. The results demonstrate that while both models provide effective forecasts, NARX models exhibit higher accuracy, with improved Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficients and 33–37% lower mean absolute error (MAE) compared to SWMM. Despite these advantages, NARX models may struggle with limited data on extreme flooding events, where they could face accuracy challenges. Enhancements in SWMM modeling and calibration could reduce the performance gap, but the development of SWMM models requires substantial expertise and resources. In contrast, NARX models are generally more resource-efficient. Future research should focus on integrating both approaches by leveraging SWMM simulations to generate synthetic data, particularly for extreme weather events, to enhance the robustness of NARX and other ML models in real-world flood prediction scenarios.
Characteristics and Driving Factors of Benthic Animal Communities in Different Water Functional Zones of the Jiangsu Section of the Yangtze River
Authors: Shi Mengqi , Lou Mingyue , Wu Jinhua , Liu Guangbin , Gao Han , Guo Mingchen
Published: September 2024

This study explored the characteristics of benthic animal communities in different water functional areas and the driving factors affecting changes in the community structure of four water functional zones of the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River: the protection, buffer, reserve, and development and utilization zones. The results showed that the alpha diversity of the benthic animal communities in the protected and reserved zones was significantly higher than that of the buffer and development and utilization zones, and the benthic animal community structure differed significantly across different water functional zones. These zones indirectly affected the community of benthic fauna due to their environmental heterogeneity. Furthermore, the average degree, map density, and average clustering coefficient of the molecular ecological network were highest in the protected zone. The average path length was shorter, and there were more types and numbers of key species in the benthic animal community in the protected zone, indicating high levels of connectivity and efficiency in transferring substances, energy, and information between benthic animals. These results will provide a scientific basis for studying the characteristics and driving factors of benthic animal communities in the Yangtze River and have important significance for assessing and restoring aquatic ecology in the Yangtze River Basin.
Influence of Marine Currents, Waves, and Shipping Traffic on Sulina Channel Fairway at the Mouth of the Black Sea
Authors: Stancu Mihai Valentin , Cheveresan Maria Ilinca , Sârbu Daniela , Maizel Adrian , Soare Romeo , Bărbulescu Alina , Dumitriu Cristian Ștefan
Published: September 2024

This study comprehensively explores the intricate hydrodynamic and geomorphological processes that affect the Sulina Channel and bar area. It employs advanced hydrodynamic, wave, and sediment transport models to simulate the influence of marine currents, waves, and shipping traffic on sediment transport and deposition patterns, providing valuable insights for maintaining navigable conditions in the Sulina Channel. It is shown that sediment deposition is highly dynamic, particularly in the Sulina bar area, where rapid sediment recolonization occurs within one to two months after dredging. The simulation indicates that vessels with drafts of 11.5 m cause notable erosion. In comparison, drafts of 7 m have a minimal impact on sediment transport, emphasizing the importance of managing vessel drafts to mitigate sediment disturbances. This research highlights and quantifies the siltation phenomenon from the Black Sea to the mouth of the Sulina Channel, effectively addressing the challenges posed by natural and anthropogenic factors to ensure the Channel’s sustainability and operational efficiency.
Analysis of the Distribution and Influencing Factors of Antibiotic Partition Coefficients in the Fenhe River Basin
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yin Hailong , Wang Linfang
Published: September 2024

Affected by point and non-point source pollution, the Fenhe River Basin faces significant environmental challenges. This study aimed to analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of antibiotics in the water and sediments of the Fenhe River Basin. Samples were collected from 23 sites within the basin, and 26 antibiotics from five different classes were detected and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The water–sediment partition coefficient (Kp) was calculated, and spatial analysis was conducted using geographic information system (GIS) technology. The results showed that 25 antibiotics were detected in the water, with concentrations ranging from 130 to 1615 ng/L, and 17 antibiotics were detected in the sediments, with concentrations ranging from 121 to 426 μg/kg. For quinolones (QNs), except for ofloxacin, all others could be calculated with overall high values of Kp ranging from 692 to 16,106 L/kg. The Kp values for QNs were generally higher in the midstream, with considerable point source pollution from industries and non-point source pollution from developed agriculture. The distribution of Kp is closely associated with risk. This study found that the Kp values of the antibiotics were influenced by various factors such as temperature, water flow, and the physicochemical properties of sediments. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between Kp and parameters such as river width, water depth, water quality (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand), and sediment pH and clay content.
Assessment of the level of herd immunity to measles virus, chickenpox and hepatitis B among medical workers in an infectious diseases hospital
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Omsk, Russia, Puzyreva L. V. , Sitnikova S. V. ,   Clinical anti-tuberculosis infectious diseases hospital No. 4, Omsk, Russia
Published: September 2024

Herd immunity is formed through vaccination in a certain group of people, the purpose of which is to prevent infection and spread of infectious diseases. Thanks to vaccination, the incidence of some infections has decreased several times, especially among risk groups. We consider medical personnel who are in constant contact with patients of various diseases to be one of the risk groups. The study analyzed data from 250 employees of an anti-tuberculosis dispensary, among whom the proportion of women was 86.0 %. The mean age was 51 ± 7.8 years. Among those surveyed, the share of doctors was 16.4 %, paramedical personnel — 37.2 %, junior medical personnel — 24.0 %, general non-medical personnel — 22.4 %. A selection was made from medical documentation on vaccination of dispensary employees (sanitary records, extracts from outpatient cards, vaccination certificates). The data was entered into the database, analysis was carried out using licensed software version Statistica 13. The purpose of our study was to study collective immunity against measles, chickenpox and viral hepatitis B among employees of an anti-tuberculosis hospital. All employees were found to have high titers of post-vaccination immunity to measles (3.1±4.1 IU/ml) and chickenpox (9.1±0.8 mIU/ml). Post-vaccination immunity to hepatitis B differed among those examined. 18.1 % of employees did not have postvaccination protective antibodies. In 16.4 %, the level of anti-HBsAg was low, which made it possible to immediately formulate and carry out revaccination against viral hepatitis B among these employees. In the majority of medical personnel, the titer of anti-HBs was sufficient. Preventive measures and high-quality work of epidemiologists are an extremely important link in the work of all medical institutions. Where the infection spreads spontaneously, where human will does not interfere, the level and collective susceptibility of the population are the main limiting factors of the epidemic process.
Modern understanding of the problem of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nor thern State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russia, Burmagina I. A. , Agafonov V. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nor thern State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russia, Pozdeeva M. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nor thern State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russia, Tarasova T. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nor thern State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russia, Pishchukhin A. K. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Nor thern State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russia
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes current literature data from 28 domestic and foreign sources on changes in the microbiological structure of nosocomial staphylococcus against the background of longterm use of antibiotics in clinical practice. New toxigenic characteristics of nosocomial strains of staphylococcus associated with its genome are described. New information has been obtained on the immunogenesis of staphylococcal infections, taking into account the action of their toxins. In the above epidemiological studies in various regions, a significant spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was revealed in medical institutions. It has been established that the assessment of the etiological features of nosocomial staphylococcal infections is key to the formation of effective prevention strategies aimed at reducing the likelihood of nosocomial infections.
Hygienic assessment of the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the industrial district of Samara due to atmospheric air pollution
Authors:   Samara State Medical Universit y, Samara, Russia, Myakisheva Yu. V. , Mikhailyuk N. A. ,   «Volga Region Scientific and Technical Center «SAMEKO», Samara, Russia, Fedoseikinа I. V. ,   Samara State Medical Universit y, Samara, Russia
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of a study assessing the possible risks of the population living in one of the districts of the city of Samara. The object of the study is the Kuibyshev district of Samara. The high anthropogenic load of the district is formed by enterprises of the oil refining and petrochemical industries, enterprises for the production of metal structures, sewage treatment plants, construction facilities, as well as intensive traffic flow. The initial information for assessing public health risks was the data obtained during the analysis of ambient air samples, as well as the results of calculations of the dispersion of pollutant emissions to nearby territories from the leading industrial enterprises of the district and mobile sources. The research was carried out in several stages. At the first stage, we identified the main sources of ambient air pollution, took into account the terrain, wind directions, and the nature of pulse operation of a number of leading sources. At the second stage, 6234 studies of ambient air samples taken in the Kuibyshev district of Samara, were conducted, priority substances were identified, and carcinogenic hazard indices (HRIc) were calculated. The data obtained indicate that the risks to public health are primarily formed as a result of atmospheric pollution with substances such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, a mixture of hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, benzene. The main pollutants forming the level of the total carcinogenic risk to the health of the Samara population are hexavalent chromium and benzene. The total carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the Samara region with a high degree of anthropotechnogenic load during the study period belongs to the 2nd range of reference boundaries and is characterized as acceptable, however, with the simultaneous presence of various pollutants in the air, an unfavorable background of combined effects on the body is created, which can lead to the formation of a certain pathology in the population.
Fatores de associação entre alexitimia e transtorno do uso do álcool
Authors: Félix Gabriella Silva , Pimentel Duarte Letícia , Xavier da Cruz Sara Maria , De Andrade Tenorio Cavalcanti Camilla , Serafim da Silva Lopes Isvânia Maria
Published: September 2024

Introdução. A Alexitimia se refere à incapacidade de identificar estados afetivos e de refletir sobre as emoções e regulá-las. Pode estar relacionada a uma alteração neurofuncional, a uma resposta comportamental e/ou desordem orgânica, além de haver associação com o Transtorno do Uso de Álcool (AUD). Objetivo. Sintetizar os dados existentes sobre os fatores envolvidos na associação entre índices altos de Alexitimia e de AUD. Método. A pesquisa foi realizada em março de 2022 e utilizou Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scopus, ScienceDirect e Cochrane Library como bases de dados. Nestas foram pesquisados os descritores "Alexithymia" e "Alcohol". Resultados. Na BVS, após critérios de inclusão, foram encontrados 10 resultados; na Scopus, 18; na ScienceDirect, um, e na Cochrane Library, 10. Os estudos constataram como fatores centrais o trauma e a dissociação; estresse; ansiedade social e o apego ansioso-ambivalente e evitante. Conclusão. Ainda é necessária a realização de mais estudos sobre alterações neurobiológicas, como o aumento da atividade da ínsula posterior, anterior e do córtex cingulado central nos níveis altos de Alexitimia e suas associações possíveis com a AUD.
Mental health and wellbeing supports for construction workers: Current initiatives and potential for the future
Authors:   , Thomas-Pye Liza
Published: September 2024

In New Zealand, the construction sector leads the suicide statistics with workers twice more likely to take their own lives than the rest of the workforce. The challenges are complex with no quick fix solution. While reviewing previous research and relevant literature, there appeared to be multiple complex layers across other sectors which lead to a bigger problem for construction. There is a shortage of mental health practitioners across the spectrum, the chronic lack of government funding for mental health services, and the high risk of burnout for these practitioners. There are just two national construction-specific mental wellbeing support programmes available, and little innovation to create more. The message appeared to be that construction workers needed to reach out to their colleagues for help, or utilise the supports provided by their workplace. However, there was a lack of research which asked building trades and construction workers what mental health and wellbeing supports are currently available to them. The aim of this research project was to gain clarification about what was currently available within the participants’ workplace, as well as provide a platform for their opinion about what initiatives they would like to be made accessible to them in the future. Quantitative research in the form of a survey was used to gain insight from 385 participants currently employed in the New Zealand construction sector. The participants provided 130 comments which were investigated through thematic analysis. The results found that there were insufficient supports available within their workplace. Informal check-ins with a boss or manager were the most used mental health and wellbeing supports across all subsets of the construction industry. External supports in the form of Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs) were available to just one third of participants. Nearly half of the participants reported that one-on-one support was their most preferred support option. This was closely followed by informal events, mental health and wellbeing awareness workshops, and construction-friendly wellbeing programmes. Psychosocial risks were identified across the board from personal factors, to work-related as well as the wider industry. The research results informed recommendations to create new targeted initiatives for construction workers as well as provided feedback for mental wellbeing practitioners. Further research opportunities were identified to bridge the gaps in current knowledge to enhance the literature into mental wellbeing in the construction industry workforce.
Reconstruyendo a Lima La Vieja: forma y función de un sitio Inca evanescente en el valle de Pisco, Costa Sur del Perú
Authors: Román José , Tantaleán Henry , Tavera Medina Carito , Stanish Charles
Published: September 2024

Lima La Vieja es un sitio arqueológico a punto de desaparecer. A pesar de que ha sido objeto de estudios arqueológicos e históricos a lo largo del siglo XX y de que su arquitectura y función lo destacan entre otros asentamientos incas, el sitio ha sido gradualmente desmantelado a lo largo de los siglos XX y XXI. Lima La Vieja es muy importante dentro del sistema mayor del estado Inca en esta región y es además uno de los primeros asentamientos españoles fundados en el siglo XVI en Pisco y el Sur de Perú. Nuestro artículo reconstruye el asentamiento de Lima La Vieja mediante información inédita y el uso de nuevas metodologías, con el objetivo de contextualizar este sitio dentro del registro histórico y arqueológico del valle de Pisco, especialmente durante el Horizonte Tardío.
Análisis bioarqueológico de los restos humanos recuperados en el sitio La Tigra (departamento Hucal, provincia de La Pampa, Argentina)
Authors: Lucero Eliana Noelia , Páez Florencia Natalin
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis bioarqueológico y osteobiográfico de los restos óseos humanos recuperados en el sitio La Tigra. Este sitio se ubica en el departamento de Hucal, sector sureste de la provincia de La Pampa. Durante las prospecciones realizadas en el lugar, también se recuperaron abundantes artefactos líticos, fragmentos cerámicos, material faunístico, una cuenta vítrea y un fragmento de olla de fundición. A partir del análisis del conjunto esqueletal, fue posible identificar un individuo adulto de sexo indeterminado, cuya cronología radiocarbónica, asignada al Holoceno tardío final (590 ± 20 años AP), concuerda con otros casos registrados dentro de la microrregión de estudio. Los resultados derivados del análisis osteobiográfico revelan que las características del individuo reflejan estados de salud (bajos niveles de estrés sistémico metabólico y cálculo dental) y modos de vida previamente identificados a nivel regional. Su dieta fue predominantemente terrestre y su residencia local. Las interpretaciones alcanzadas dan cuenta de la posibilidad de obtener información sustancial de conjuntos óseos fragmentados, mediante el empleo de aproximaciones como la osteobiografía, constituyendo un complemento valioso a los enfoques poblacionales.
Apus y Qhapaq Ñan. Estudio de las vialidades Incas en las montañas sagradas de los Andes
Authors: Vitry Christian
Published: September 2024

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O papel do diretor escolar e a avaliação institucional na educação básica
Authors: Silva Maria Djani Alves , Cruz Carlla Jacy Andrade da Silva , Celestino Aldésia Márcia de Freitas Vieira , Santana Gerdiana Celestino Barbosa de
Published: September 2024

Diante dos desafios enfrentados pela Educação Básica, a importância da liderança do diretor escolar, com destaque para o trabalho colaborativo e com visão coletiva tem um papel fundamental no espaço educacional. Assim como a Avaliação Institucional na busca de melhorias e qualidade da realidade escolar que envolvem todas as dimensões: física, pedagógica, administrativa, social, financeira. É importante que o diretor escolar desenvolva suas atividades administrativas tendo como foco a gestão da aprendizagem, indo além da simples supervisão das atividades desenvolvidas no ambiente escolar, apresentando-se como um mediador e facilitador das ações. A liderança do diretor traz efeitos positivos direto sobre a aprendizagem dos estudantes e na organização da escola. Para que a avaliação institucional se efetive nas escolas, é necessário que o diretor e toda a comunidade escolar assuma seu papel de potencializar e ressignificar as informações coletadas ao longo trajeto da instituição.  Dessa maneira, será possível planejar de forma colaborativa e democrática novas ações, que vise reparar os pontos negativos e intensificar os pontos positivos já existentes na instituição. Diante disso, temos como objetivo identificar o papel do diretor escolar na implementação do processo de avaliação institucional. O artigo está estruturado em três partes: liderança do diretor e gestão democrática, escolar avaliação institucional que serão discutidos através dos suportes teóricos.
Evaluating the Influence of Environmental Factors on the Stability of Commercial Chlorine-Based Sanitizers Using Response Surface Modeling
Authors: Zazouli Mohammad Ali , Hashempour Yalda , Dashtban Nafiseh
Published: September 2024

Given the increasing use of chlorine-based disinfectants and concerns regarding their shelflife and persistence on the surface, the present study investigated the effect of environmental conditions on the stability of commercial solutions stored under different conditions. This study assessed the stability of 0.05%, 0.5%, and 1% sodium hypochlorite solutions at pH levels of 5, 7.5, and 10 stored at temperatures of 4 ° C, 25 ° C, and 45 ° C using iodometric titration at 0, 15, 30, and 60 days after preparation. Eighty-seven solutions from three commercial brands (Brand A, Brand B, and Brand C) were prepared based on experimental design and response surface modeling (RSM) using Box-Behnken factorial design (BBD). The results revealed that the linear coefficient effects of all factors (temperature, storage time, pH, and initial concentration) were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found among the three commercial brands (P=0.307). A negative correlation was observed between free available chlorine (FAC) and storage time. Solutions with a higher initial concentration (1%) tended to have lower stability. Higher temperatures also contributed to the instability of the solutions. Moreover, a gradual decrease was observed in the pH over time, and the lowest stability was detected at a neutral pH of 7.5. These findings suggest that environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, storage duration, pH, and initial concentration) significantly affect the stability of chlorine in the solutions. Therefore, these factors should be considered when using chlorine and storing chlorine-based disinfectants (CBDs) to ensure optimal performance and effectiveness.
Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution on Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Levels among Car Maintenance Workshop Workers
Authors: Khalid Mustafa Fuad , Kadhim Nada A.
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between heavy metal pollution and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) among workers in car maintenance workshops in Baghdad, Iraq. Blood samples were collected from 70 male workers, including car maintenance and vehicle painting workers, along with a control group of healthy males. The levels of heavy metals, specifically cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as OxLDL and the marker of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. The results revealed a significant increase in the level of Pb in the blood of workers compared to the control group, whereas Cd levels did not exhibit a significant difference. Furthermore, both groups of workers exhibited significantly elevated levels of OxLDL compared to the control group. Additionally, the MDA level was significantly increased across all the study groups. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations between OxLDL levels and the extent of Pb and Cd pollution in the car maintenance worker group. These findings indicate an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among workers in car maintenance workshops due to exposure to heavy metals. The observed elevation in the levels of OxLDL and lipid peroxidation markers underscores the potential health issues associated with occupational exposure to these polluted environments.
Why Systems Thinking Is Needed to Center Trust in Health Policy and Systems Comment on "Placing Trust at the Heart of Health Policy and Systems"
Authors: Finegood Diane T. , Yakimov Chris
Published: September 2024

The editorial by McKee and colleagues is an important call to action to put a spotlight on trust and its role in the function of health systems. The authors make a good case for this focus considering how trust in health systems seems to have eroded in recent years, an erosion accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. They recognize that trust is complex given the many forms of trust, the importance of context, and its dynamic and unpredictable nature. However, the solutions they offer including learning how to measure trust and figuring out the causes and consequences of trust are just simple or complicated solutions to this complex challenge. Instead, we need to approach building trust in healthcare by embracing and harnessing complexity. This starts by understanding the difference between complicated and complex challenges and then by applying complex systems frameworks that offer insight into new ways forward.
THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE DETERMINANTS IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY
Authors: Siregar Helly Aroza , Melisa Rosa , Irawati Irawati , Zulhelmi Zulhelmi , Kamilah Faizah
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of sales growth, business risk, company size, profitability, and company age on the capital structure of food and beverage industry sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2021. This study used secondary data. Sampling used purposive sampling. The number of samples obtained were 38 companies with 190 data processed. Data analysis used multiple linear regression with SmartPLS 4 software. The conclusion was that firm size has a significant positive effect on capital structure. While sales growth, business risk, profitability, and company age do not have a significant effect on capital structure. The finding of this research is the large size of the company will increase the capital structure, which against the theory that the size of company will decrease the capital structure due to information shared to public is more disclose.
Keywords: Sales Growth, Business Risk, Company Size, Profitability, Company Age, Capital Structure
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan penjualan, risiko bisnis, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, dan umur perusahaan terhadap struktur modal pada perusahaan subsektor industri makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 38 perusahaan dengan 190 data yang diolah. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan software SmartPLS 4. Kesimpulannya ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Sedangkan pertumbuhan penjualan, risiko bisnis, profitabilitas, dan umur perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Temuan penelitian ini adalah semakin besar ukuran perusahaan akan meningkatkan struktur modal, hal ini bertentangan dengan teori yang menyatakan bahwa ukuran perusahaan akan menurunkan struktur modal karena informasi yang dibagikan kepada publik lebih terbuka.
Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Risiko Bisnis, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Umur Perusahaan, Struktur Modal
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PROFITABILITY AND COMPANY VALUE IN PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX
Authors: Okalesa Okalesa , Irman Mimelientesa , Diana Haugesti
Published: September 2024

This research aimed to determine the effect of firm size, leverage, institutional ownership, independent commissioners, managerial ownership, and audit committee on profitability and their effect on the firm value of property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. This study uses secondary data. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The number of samples obtained was 42 companies. The analysis method of this research uses descriptive analysis and several types of evaluation using SmartPLS software. From this research, it can be concluded that (1) firm size and institutional ownership have a positive and significant effect on profitability, (2) leverage, managerial ownership, and audit committee have a negative and significant effect on profitability, (3) independent commissioners have no effect on profitability, (4) leverage, institutional ownership and audit committee have no effect on firm value, (5) firm size has a negative and significant effect on firm value, (6) independent commissioners and managerial ownership have no effect on firm value, and (7) profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value.
Keywords: Firm Value, Firm Profitability, GCG, Leverage, Firm Size
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, kepemilikan institusional, komisaris independen, kepemilikan manajerial, dan komite audit terhadap profitabilitas serta pengaruhnya terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan sektor properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017--2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 42 perusahaan. Metode analisis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan beberapa jenis evaluasi dengan menggunakan software SmartPLS. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) ukuran perusahaan dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, (2) leverage, kepemilikan manajerial, dan komite audit berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, (3) independensi komisaris tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas, (4) leverage, kepemilikan institusional dan komite audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, (5) ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, (6) komisaris independen dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas. terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan (7) profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Kata Kunci: Nilai Perusahaan, Profitabilitas Perusahaan, GCG, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan
The Use of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques in The Domain of Ergonomics: A Literature Review
Authors: Adem Aylin , Atıcı Uğur , Şenol Mehmet Burak , Dağdeviren Metin
Published: September 2024

Ergonomics briefly aims to provide work and human harmony. In providing it, there are different kinds of problems need to be solved by various methods. To generate reasonable solutions for these problems the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques are utilized in the literature. A systematic review of literature was carried out at the intersection of ergonomics and MCDM to figure out the answers to the questions about how MCDM techniques are employed in ergonomics problems, on which subjects the application area is concentrated, which MCDM technique is frequently utilized. Electronic databases were investigated in the years between 2010 to 2024. It was determined that MCDM techniques are utilized to solve a wide range of ergonomic problems from design to ergonomic risk score calculation. It was specified that the AHP and TOPSIS techniques are frequently employed and the fuzzy extensions of these two methods are frequently preferred by the authors.
Informális karácsonyok a formális hétköznapokban
Authors: Kovács Eszter
Published: September 2024

Ez esettanulmány a hetvenes-nyolcvanas években megélt, a többségében római katolikus egyházhoz tartozó Gyergyói-medence karácsonyait vizsgálja. Az ünnepre készülődés és az ünnepi időszak közösségi, kitüntetett eseménye – amellyel a helyi néphagyományok szorosan összekapcsolódtak –, továbbá a hivatalos tiltások és az ateista propaganda, illetve a korszak (helyi) sajátosságai mentén rekonstruálja a korabeli karácsonyokat. A kutatás főbb kérdései arra irányultak, hogy az emberek hogyan készülődtek a karácsonyra, a szertartásokon a társadalmi pozíciójuktól függően milyen mértékben ve(he)ttek részt, mit tettek annak érdekében, hogy a hivatalos tiltások ellenére jelen legyenek a szertartásokon, az egyházi rituálékat követő profán közösségi eseményeket milyen formában ülték meg. A felsorolt intenciók megvalósulásáért tett informális megoldások, gyakorlatok, praktikák kapnak főszerepet az elemzésben.
Válasz… csak úgy
Authors: Szilágyi Erzsébet
Published: September 2024

Az Arnolfini Szalon EsszéPáholy rovatában 2023-ban S. Nagy Katalin művészetszociológus esettanulmányt írt a művészfilm szocializációs folyamatáról. Az 1955–2000 közötti időszak művészfilmjei közül kiemeli azokat, amelyek máig meghatározó élmények mind a munkájában, mind az úticéljai (Rimini, Marianské Lázne, Farö-szigetek stb.) összeállításában, mind a környezete és önmaga megértésében. Miniportrét rajzol Jancsóról, Felliniről, Bergmanról, Tarkovszkijról. Elemzi a meghatározó művészfilm élményeit: Országúton, Oldás és kötés, Tavaly Marienbadban, Jules és Jim, a Fanny és Alexander, Andrej Rubljov. Kiemeli a Fanny és Alexandert és A varázsfuvolát, amelyek a karácsonyi rítusai részévé váltak az első megtekintés óta.
Örkény István egypercesei a közösségi médiáról : Esettanulmány a ChatGPT mesterséges intelligencia szövegalkotásáról
Authors: Beke Ottó , Hózsa Éva , Kepe Nóra , Szűts Zoltán
Published: September 2024

A tanulmány az OpenAI által fejlesztett ChatGPT–3 mesterséges intelligencia alapján működő nyelvi modell szövegalkotási módját szemlélteti, miközben egy rendhagyó irodalmi kísérletet mutat be. A dolgozatban a szerzők először bemutatják a szövegíró algoritmust. A tanulmány újdonsága, hogy a szerzők a mesterséges intelligenciát arra kérték, írjon Örkény István stílusában egyperceseket, így lehetőség nyílik a modellként szolgáló novellák prózapoétikai eljárásainak vizsgálatára, illetve a gép által generált szövegek elemzésére is, és a mesterséges intelligencia emberképének vizsgálatára. Az esettanulmány ismertetését követően a szerzők levonják az irodalomelméleti következtetéseket, és kijelölik a kutatás folytatásának lehetséges irányait.
Egy székely falu paraszttalanodása családtörténetekben
Authors: Laczkó-Albert Elemér
Published: September 2024

Kisebbségi létben (Székelyföld, Erdély, Románia) kimondatlanul húzódnak meg az önálló nemzeti lét túléléséért vívott harc eszközeként a (kisajátított) földhöz kapcsolódó hagyományok, a paraszti komponens megélése, gyakorlása. Kutatási témám olyan időszakot ölel fel, amelyről a múltban, ideológiai-politikai korlátok szorításában, hiteles és releváns állításokat társadalmunkról még lokálisan is nehéz volt tenni, holott a folyamat egyszerre, látens és manifeszt módon volt/van jelen a vizsgált közösség mindennapjaiban. Ez a falu életvilágát, fejlődési irányát, beleértve az egyéni mozgástereket, életutakat, alapjaiban átrendezte, manipulálta, megváltoztatta. Elemzésem, értelmezésem elméleti konstrukció, a társadalmi folyamat részének tekinthető. Mint ilyen, célorientált: a választott hibrid elemzési módszerek is a társadalmi problémák lenyomatainak felfejtési lehetőségét hordozzák.
Családegyesítés céljával elvándorolt családok helyhez kötődése
Authors: Nagy-Menyhárt Szidónia
Published: September 2024

Jelen tanulmányban a doktori kutatásom egy kiemelt szegmensének vizsgálatára helyezem a hangsúlyt, mégpedig a családegyesítés céljával elvándorolt családokra. A külföldre történő munkamigráció jelenségének lokális (gyergyóremetei) sajátosságainak vizsgálva jelentős a házastársak és gyermekek elvándorlása, követve a családfőt. A lakókörnyezetből való kilépés és az új társadalomba való belépés metszéspontján egyrészt a helyidentitás és helyhez kötődés elemeit vizsgálom, amelyek a kibocsájtó társadalomhoz köthetőek, másrészt pedig a befogadó társadalomban található kultúrával való találkozás folyamatát tárom fel a kisgyermeket nevelő szülők nézőpontján keresztül.