bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Receptor beta produces cell death in TCAM2 human seminoma cell line binding through Sp1 on the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) promoter gene
Authors: Guido Carmela , Panza Salvatore , Panno Maria Luisa , Avena Paola , Giordano Francesca , Casaburi Ivan , Catalano Stefania , Perrotta Ida , Santoro Marta , Aquila Saveria , Andò Sebastiano
Published: June 2021

Testicular germ cell tumors of adults and adolescents (TGCTs) are the most common tumor in male. We focused on seminoma, by using the TCAM‐2 cell line, containing typical features of human seminoma. As both PTEN and estradiol (E2) appear to have an important role in the testis development and function, we evaluated a potential action of E2 on PTEN promoter gene. Increasing E2 concentrations were able to induce PTEN gene expression and transactivation. By transient trasfections, ChIP and EMSA assays, we evidenced the 5′‐flanking region of human PTEN gene important for E2‐responsiveness, the ERβ binding to the Sp1 regulates PTEN activity. The functional significance of the link between ERβ/PTEN was tested on cell viability, an increase in cell death was observed. The effect was abolished by trasfecting the TCAM2 cells with negative dominant of ERβ or by using mithramycin, confirming that the E2‐induced effect involves both ERβ and Sp1. E2 decreases AKT, while FHKR and BAD increased. The PI3K/AKT pathway is shared to the autophagy, and E2 increased autophagy‐related markers such as PI3III, Beclin 1, AMBRA and UVRAG. Our study suggesting a tumor suppressor role for the ERβ in human seminoma, indicates that the E2 induces cell death in TCAM2 mainly through autophagy, supporting estrogen‐dependency of human seminoma and candidating the ERβ‐ligands for a therapeutic use in the treatment of this pathological condition.
Relationship between hemoglobin, fatigue, and physical condition in students
Authors: Hayakawa Kimiyasu , Fujii Hisao , Kobayashi Kando
Published: June 2021

The subjects of this study were students at a physical education university. The degree of subjective fatigue (DSF), physical condition score (PCS), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured 12 times in a single day from 7:00 to 21:00. The Hb concentration had a maximum value of 14.2±1.0g/dL and a minimum value of 11.6±1.0g/dL in males (n=5) and a maximum value of 15.6±0.3g/dL and a minimum value of 13.5±0.2g/dL in females (n=9). Although the average Hb concentration was higher in males than in females, the difference between maximum and minimum in females was significantly larger than that in males (p<0.05). In males, we detected reduced levels of Hb in 69% of the subjects with low PCS. In females, we detected reduced levels of Hb in 57% of the subjects with low DSF. Results suggested that the relationship between Hb, DSF, and PCS is sex‐specific.
Food insecurity is associated with diet and bone mass disparities in early adolescent U.S. males but not females
Authors: Eicher‐Miller Heather Ann , Mason April C. , Weaver Connie M. , McCabe George P. , Boushey Carol J.
Published: June 2021

Food insecurity is a condition associated with decreased nutrient intake and poor health that may be associated with low bone mass in children. The purpose of this study was to formally investigate the relationship of diet, bone mass and food insecurity among children ages 8–19y (n=5,270). The data used in this cross‐sectional study were drawn from children participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2004. Homes and NHANES Mobile Examination Centers across the United States were the setting for data collection. Children were classified for food security status using the US Children's Food Security Scale and the US Household Food Security Scale. Dietary measures were quantified by 24‐hour dietary recall and bone mineral content was determined with whole body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Results of the study indicated that males 8–11y from households with food insecurity among children were 2.5 times more likely to have less than the USDA Food Guide recommended servings of dairy foods, 2.3 times more likely to have less than the Estimated Average Requirement for calcium intake, and to have a significantly lower estimated total body, trunk, lumbar spine, pelvis, and left arm bone mineral content compared with males 8–11y from households with food security among children. No differences in calcium related dietary factors or bone mineral content existed among females by food security status. These results are evidence that health disparities persist among 8–11y food insecure boys. Successful interventions to improve diet, bone health, and reduce food insecurity among children are a continuing need in the United States. *Source of Support: Purdue University Extension
The role of starch physicochemical properties in determining the Glycemic Index of potatoes
Authors: Moreira Tracy S , Wolever Thomas MS
Published: June 2021

Potatoes are a nutrient dense food, despite this, they are often thought of as unhealthy due to their purported high glycemic index (GI). Previously, we found a range of GI values for 8 different potato varieties when freshly cooked (range 52±4 to 81±9, p≤0.05) and that cooling cooked potatoes reduced GI by 20–50%. However, it is unclear if this effect can be seen in potatoes harvested in different years. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of variety and cooling on the GI of potatoes harvested in 2009 and 2010 and to assess the role of starch properties in determining GI. The GI of 4 potato varieties was tested in 10 healthy individuals using standard GI methodology. Each variety was consumed hot or cold (~2 days at 4°C). Cooling reduced GI by 11–54%. ANOVA showed an effect of variety and cooling (p≤0.05). Cooling significantly reduced GI in 1 variety 71±7 (hot) vs. 39±4 (cold) (p≤0.05). A positive relationship between the GI of potatoes harvested in 2009 and those harvested in 2010 was observed (R2=0.620, P=0.02). Studies suggest that these differences in GI between varieties and as a result of cooling may be due to a difference in their starch properties. To assess their role in GI, we measured the amounts of rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) in cooked potato. Contrary to some studies, RDS, SDS and RS did not explain the differences in GI we observed in the present study.
Experiencing the impact of weight loss on work capacity prior to initiation of a weight loss program may influence weight loss success
Authors: Simbo S , Mardock M , Lockard B , Byrd M , Jagim A , Kresta JY , Baetge C , Jung Y , Koozehchian M , Khanna D , Oliver JM , Greenwood M , Rasmussen C , Kreider R , Kyul H
Published: June 2021

Prior to initiation of a weight loss program, 42 sedentary women (33±7 yrs, 164±7 cm; 93±19 kg; 46±7% body fat, 35±6 kg/m2) were randomized to walk on an AlterG Anti‐Gravity treadmill (AG) at 3 mph at 100% and 80% of body mass or were entered into a weight loss program (WL) in order to determine whether perceiving the effects of weight loss on work capacity prior to beginning a weight loss program would influence weight loss success. Subjects were then randomized to participate in the Curves or Weight Watchers programs for 16‐wks. Data were obtained at 0, 4, 10, & 16 wks and analyzed by MANOVA. Participation in the weight loss programs promoted significant reductions in weight (−6.1±4 kg, p=0.001), fat mass (−4.4±8 kg, p=0.001), body fat (−2.7±8%, p=0.001), waist circumference (−6.2±5%, p=0.001), and hip circumference (−5.7±4%, p=0.001). There was some evidence that experiencing the effects of weight loss prior to initiation of a weight loss program tended to influence fat loss (WL −1.4±1.8, −1.3±7.6, −3.6±8.4; AG −2.2±5.9, −4.2±6.1, −5.2±6.8 kg, p=0.38) and body fat loss (WL −0.3±6.7, −1.0±6.6, −1.2±7.1; AG −1.5±7.2, −3.6±8.1, −4.3±8.2, p=0.10) with no significant pre‐weight loss intervention x diet type x time interactions. Additional research is needed to examine the influence of experiencing the influence of weight loss on work capacity prior to the initiation of a weight loss program on weight loss success.
Dietary Pocheon royal jelly recovers epidermal hydration with the increased generation of ceramide 1 and 2 from glucosylceramides in UV irradiated hairless mouse
Authors: Lee Jongsun , Lee Yunju , Song EunWha , Han Heejae , Cho Yunhi
Published: June 2021

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces skin dryness, largely by disruption of epidermal barrier. In search for dietary sources that would protect against skin dryness, we investigated the dietary effect of royal jelly (RJ) on epidermal levels of hydration and ceramides, the major lipid maintaining epidermal barrier. Hairless mice were fed diets of either control (group UV), or diets containing 1% RJ harvested from Cheolwon (group CW), Pocheon (group PC) in Korea or imported from China (group CH) for 6 wks in parallel with UV irradiation. Epidermal hydration of group PC was significantly higher than of group UV. In parallel, epidermal levels of ceramides (cer), specifically cer 1 and 2 as well as glucosylceramides (GC) were higher than in group UV. Furthermore, protein expression of ¥â‐glucocerebrosidase (¥â‐GlcCer¡̄ase), an enzyme of generating Cer from GC, in group PC was higher than in group UV. In spite of increased levels of Cer 1, 2, GC and ¥â‐GlcCer¡̄ase protein, epidermal hydration of group CW was at the similar level to group UV. There was no difference of these parameters between groups CH and UV. Dietary supplementation of Pocheon RJ protects skin from UV‐induced dryness with an accumulation of ceramides, specifically ceramide 1 and 2 due to elevated ¥â‐GlcCer¡̄ase expression. Cheolwon RJ might alter other factors influencing skin dryness such as natural moisturizing factors.
Whole body lean mass at birth significantly tracks to 12 and 36 months of age
Authors: Hazell Tom J , Gallo Sina , Vanstone Catherine A , Rodd Celia , Weiler Hope A
Published: June 2021

Childhood is a critical period of musculoskeletal development. Body composition in childhood is predicted by birth weight, but this relationship has not been studied using neonatal body composition in healthy term born infants of appropriate weight for gestational age. The objective of this study was to determine which indices of body composition track best from birth. Twenty‐five children (16 male, 9 female) had weight (wt) and whole body composition measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (Hologic 4500A Discovery Series with infant and pediatric software, Bedford, MA, USA) at 1, 12, and 36 mo of age. Correlation analyses were performed for indices of body composition at 1 mo compared to 12 and 36 mo and significance set at p<0.05. Body wt (g) at 1 mo was related to wt at 12 mo (r=0.61; P<0.001) and 36 mo (r=0.39; P<0.01); wt at 12 mo was also related to wt at 36 mo (r=0.77; P<0.001). Whole body lean mass (LM; g) at 1 mo of age was related to wt (r=0.63; P<0.001) and LM (r=0.51; P<0.01) at 12 mo plus wt (r=0.48; P<0.01) and LM (r=0.50; P<0.001) at 36 mo. At 12 mo, LM related with wt (r=0.63; P<0.05), LM (r=0.73; P<0.001) and % fat (r=−0.50; P<0.05) at 36 mo. Fat mass at 1 mo was not related to subsequent measures, however values at 12 and 36 mo were related (r=0.48; P<0.05). These results suggest lean muscle mass established by 1 mo of age is a consistent indicator of future body composition indices during early development. Funded by CIHR.
Effects of Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 fatty acids on lipids panel in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: alnumair khalid , Alsaif Mohammed A , Heidal Kimberly Barber , Govindasamy Chandramohan
Published: June 2021

Objective

To evaluate the n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids dietary intakes and examine their correlation with plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid profiles in Saudi population.

Methods

Two hundred healthy, Saudi, males ranging in age from 19–50 years old, from Riyadh, were selected. A 24‐hr food recall and two‐day food records were used to determine dietary intakes. Fasting plasma samples used for analysis of n‐3, n‐6, LDL‐cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A‐1 and Apolipoprotein B.

Results

There was a significant (p<0.05) and positive correlation between dietary intake of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids and their plasma concentrations. Negative correlation between intakes of n‐3 fatty acids and LDL‐C, TG and Apo A‐1 and positive correlation between intakes of n‐6 fatty acids and LDL‐C, TG and Apo A‐1. There was a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between n‐6:n‐3 fatty acids, and LDL‐C, TG and Apo A‐1 and negative correlation between n‐6:n‐3 fatty acids and HDL‐C and Apo B.

Conclusion

High intake of n‐3 dietary poly unsaturated fatty acids improves the lipid profiles.

Source: National Nutrition Policy Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The Influence of the Plant Food Fibers «Bapol» and “Milkyboom” on the children's reactivity of nursery schools
Authors: Dalenov Erbolat , Abduldaeva Aigul , Tell Leonid
Published: June 2021

The health of children is one of the serious questions set to the society's economical and social environment.

The goal of the work is to study an influence of the food product “Milkyboom” and “Bapol” to reactivity of the preschool 137 children aged 3–6 years old. The ration of the children was enriched by foods “Milkyboom” and “Bapol”. All investigated children were selected by sex and age, and the kind of the food product in their ration. The deficiency of the fish foods, rye bread, dairy, curds, cheese, vegetables, and berries was identified in food consumption of children. An opposite, consumption of macaroni (51%), confectionery (62%) was in plenty. Also the deficit of the animal protein, calcium, vitamines À, Å, iron, folic acid, and food fibers has bee determined. In this connection such food products as “Milkyboom” and “Bapol” were suggested by us. The sourmilk product “Ìylêүâîîì” lead to improvement of physical development, reactivity, adaptation mechanisms due to stabilization of the respiratory, cardiovascular systems, and also increasing of energetic, biologic value of ration. On the background of “Bapol” consuming the content of food fibers, mineral substances (potassium, natrium), and also vitamin E was increased. Food fobers in ration lead to improving gastrointestinal tract functions, adaptation potential, immunity.
PROMOTION OF HAIR REGENERATION BY ARALIA CONTINENTALIS ROOT EXTRACT IN C57BL/6 MICE
Authors: Park Soojin , Yang KyungAh , Lee Hyunmin , Yang Yoonjung , Kang Sechan
Published: June 2021

Aralia (Aralia cordata Thunb.) has been documented to possess anti‐inflammation as well as pain relieving effects against rheumatic arthritis and dermatitis in traditional oriental medicine. Among 50 Korean natural herb extracts, aralia continentalis extract (ACE) was screened as candidate for hair regeneration effect in the preliminary animal study. To evaluate the effect of ACE on hair generation in C57BL/6, animals were divided into 4 groups including vehicle control (30% ethanol), positive control (5% minoxidil) and experimental groups (ACE, 1 and 10 mg/ml). And they were topically applied individual treatments on the depilated dorsal skin with an amount of 100 ul everyday for 4 weeks. Hair regeneration was evaluated by photographical and histological observations. ACE groups promoted development of hair follicles approximately 20% more than vehicle group through the stimulation of anagen progression of the hair shaft. Interestingly, hair reconstitution was more effective in the low dose ACE group than the high dose ACE group. In conclusion, our results implicate the enriching potential of ACE for hair regeneration. A further study will present whether the synergistic effect of oral and topical administrations of ACE on hair restoration. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2009‐0067117).
Antiangiogenic properties of natural polyphenols from red propolis
Authors: Daleprane Julio Beltrame , Dehne Nathalie , Ong Thomas Prates , Brüne Bernard , Abdalla Dulcineia Saes Parra
Published: June 2021

We investigated the effects of polyphenols from red propolis (PRP) on angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. The LDL receptor gene (LDLr−/−) knockout mice received a cholesterol‐enriched diet and PRP (250mg/Kg/day) by gavage during 4 weeks. Migrations of ECs, ECs sprouting from murine aortic rings, formation of new blood vessels in the chorio‐allantoic chiken embryo (CAM) and differentiation of stem cell (SCs) in CD‐31 positive cells were used as angiogenesis models. PRP decreased atherosclerosis lesion area and expression of inflammatory factors in LDLr−/−. Furthermore, the expression of the pro‐angiogenic factors FGF, VEGF and PECAM was downregulated by PRP. In agiogenesis model PRP (10 μg/ml) inhibited the angiogenic process in all protocols. Specifically, PRP reduced HIF‐1α protein half‐life, from ~58 to ~38 min under hypoxic conditions. The reduced protein half‐life was due to increased von Hippel‐Lindau (pVHL)‐dependent proteasomal degradation of HIF‐1α, which was correlated with PRP‐evoked downregulation of Cdc42 but a subsequent pVHL increase. PRP are atheroprotective through mechanisms including modulation of inflammatory and angiogenic factors mailing modulating HIF‐1α stabilization. FAPESP, grants to D.S.P.A. (08/53756‐7) and Ph.D. scholarship to J.B.D. (08/53755‐0).
Micronutrient deficiencies, beliefs about food and attitudes towards supplementation in women of reproductive age in rural Ghanaian communities
Authors: Nielson Hailey , Crookston Benjamin , Brown Erin , Willardson Sarah , Templin Katherine , Kudiya Humza , Dickerson Ty , Ansong Daniel
Published: June 2021

Micronutrient deficiencies in women of reproductive age are associated with multiple adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. Recent estimates indicate that globally over two billion people are at risk for vitamin A, iodine, and iron deficiency. In Ghana, only 4% of a family's diet comes from animal sources while 72% of their dietary energy supply is obtained from carbohydrates.

METHODS

A convenience sample of 169 women of childbearing age (15–49) in rural villages near Kumasi, Ghana were surveyed.

RESULTS

Women stated they receive free prenatal vitamins only during pregnancy—not during lactation or between pregnancies. Data suggests many food groups were underrepresented in their diets, particularly those foods from animal sources. Findings indicate that women of childbearing age are experiencing micronutrient deficiencies. The recommended daily intake of Vitamin A is 800 mcg; women surveyed received 346.1mcg. Women who are pregnant and lactating as well as those who are not are deficient in zinc; however women who were not pregnant and lactating were more deficient (p= .0242).

CONCLUSION

Results from this study demonstrate that women of childbearing age may benefit from nutrition education along with micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, lactation, and between pregnancies.
Controlling diet in a clinical trial of the effects of barley beta glucan on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Young Lindsay Rae , Kolberg Lore , Bell Margie , Frestedt Joy L
Published: June 2021

We used the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet to counsel subjects in a clinical trial designed to assess the impact of a flavored, water beverage containing barley β‐glucan (barley betafiber; BarlivTM) on glucose levels and insulin sensitivity. The beverage was consumed three times a day for 12 weeks, providing 0 grams, 3 grams or 6 grams of β‐glucan per day. Adherence to the TLC diet was assessed using 3‐day food records at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of the trial. Dietary intake data was analyzed using the Nutrient Data System for Research software. Subjects had improvements in glucose levels and insulin sensitivity during this trial while they maintained their weight (as required) during the trial by following the TLC diet. P‐values for comparisons of macronutrient intake among and between randomization groups and within randomization groups from baseline to 12 weeks were not significant (> 0.05).

Parameter [mean(SD)]
0 g/d BBG (n=13)
3 g/d BBG (n=11)
6 g/day BBG (n=14)

Body Weight (kg)
92.3 (12.2)
90.9 (14.4)
90.7 (12.9)

BMI (kg/m2)
32.1 (3.7)
32.2 (4.5)
32.2 (4.9)

Energy (kcal)
1687 (383)
1720 (322)
1513 (319)

Fat (g)
61 (18)
68 (22)
58 (20)

Fat (% energy)
31 (7)
34 (7)
33 (8)

Carbohydrate (g)
199 (63)
195 (26)
175 (67)

Carbohydrate (% energy)
46 (7)
45 (9)
44 (10)

Protein (g)
83 (23)
75 (26)
75 (16)

Protein (% energy)
21 (7)
18 (4)
21 (4)

Fiber (g)
19 (7)
18 (7)
20 (12)

This trial demonstrates the application of the TLC diet and analysis of dietary intake data to a clinical trial setting in which weight maintenance and stability of the diet is preferred in order to isolate the effects of a nutritive test article.
Effects of Plantago asiaticaon Antioxidative Activities and Lipid Levels in Hyperlipidemic Sparague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: PARK SUNG‐JIN , KIM CHEUN AN
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Plantago asiatica on antioxidative potential, free radical generation and the lipid levels in rats. Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into 2 diet groups: AIN‐76 diet(control group) and modified AIN‐76 diet(cholesterol 0.5%) with 0.5% Plantago asiaticaextracts for 7 weeks. Body weight and feed efficiency ratios from both groups were not significantly different. Antioxidative potentials significantly increased in the group fed Plantago asiatica extracts compared to control group(p<0.05). However, there was no difference in the free radical generation. THe weight of organs, such as heart, kidsy, liver, and spleen, in the rats were not different in both groups. The ration HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol in the Plantago asiatica group was significantly higher than in the control group, while the other serum lipid parameters(total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipids) were not different between the two groups. These results imply that supplementation of Plantago asiatica extracts may beneficially contribute to improve antioxidant potential and to decrease the lipid levels in the blood.
The anabolic androgenic steroid 17α‐methyltestosterone induced conditioned place preference but not psychomotor sensitization in adolescent mice
Authors: Martinez Freddyson J , Brito‐Vargas Paul , Huertas Adhly , Natal Eduardo , Barreto‐Estrada Jennifer L
Published: June 2021

The misuse of anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AAS) is widespread among adolescents, representing a notable public‐health problem. It has been suggested that most AAS users initiate misuse for the anabolic effects, but many develop physical and neuropsychological dependence. In general, drugs of abuse induce locomotor sensitization (LS) and conditioned place preference (CPP). However, the effect of AAS in these behaviors during adolescence is undetermined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure LS and CPP after exposure to 17α‐methyltestosterone (17α‐meT) in male adolescent C57BL/6 mice. Repeated intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 17α‐meT (7.5 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days failed to show LS. In fact, mice showed a non‐significant trend to decrease horizontal activity after AAS treatment compared with vehicle‐treated animals. Instead, animals exposed to alternate IP injections for 10 days of 0.075, 0.75 and 7.5 mg/kg of 17α‐meT shifted place‐preference in all doses tested. This effect was blocked by IP administration of the dopamine antagonist receptor flupenthixol (0.2 mg/kg), suggesting a role of the mesolimbic dopamine circuitry. The findings provide evidence of the dissociated effects of AAS during adolescence, where 17α‐meT elicited CPP, without inducing LS. MBRS‐RISE (MSC: R25‐GM061838; UNE: 2R25GM066250‐05A1), RCMI (G12RR03051), NIH‐NCRR (2P20RR016470‐09), AMP (R.P.).
Core Performance Workplace Wellness: Positive impact on body composition
Authors: Campbell Bill , Carlson‐Phillips Amanda , Woolf Kathleen
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To compare the effectiveness of two worksite wellness programs.

Methods

Employees participated in a 14‐week cohort‐randomized trial comparing a Traditional Worksite Wellness Program [TWP] and the Core Performance Training and Nutrition Program [CPTNP]. The TWP included a health check, an online health assessment and a meeting with an onsite wellness coach. The CPTNP consisted of the TWP plus a supervised exercise (3 times/wk) and nutrition program (4 meetings). Body composition (body mass, bodyfat %, fat mass, lean muscle mass) were assessed before and after the 14‐wk study. Data were analyzed via a 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA & significance was set at p<0.05.

Results

Participants in the TWP (n=66; 39.5± 7.8yrs; 29.2 ± 6.8 kg/m2) and the CPTNP (n=73; 39.1±6.5yrs; 28.6 ± 5.02 kg/m2) were matched for age, gender and activity level. Body mass (kg), bodyfat %, fat mass (kg), & lean muscle mass (kg) improved by 6.0% & 1.2%; 5.9% & 0.6%; 26.9% & 3.0%; 1.8% & 0% for the CPTNP & TWP programs, respectively. For each variable, a significant interaction was observed demonstrating that the CPTNP had greater improvements compared to the TWP group.

Conclusion

Participants in the CPTNP had significantly better body composition improvements. Employers should consider like programs to improve employee health.

Research support from Intel®
A Novel High Throughput Assay For Measuring Bacterial Adhesion Activity to Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhao Qiuyan (Julia) , Wei HuiLin , Kondo Miwako , Ou Boxin
Published: June 2021

Research studies show cranberry helps to prevent UTIs by inhibiting E. coli from adhering to the uroepithelium that line up the urinary tract. Currently, many cell based anti‐adhesion assays have been developed, however, they are time consuming and lacking reproducibility due to the inherent limitations of the assays.

In this new assay, human uroepithelial cells T24 are plated in multi‐well plates, grown to confluence, rendered nonviable but adhered to plates by UVC treatment. Testing samples are added to the cells in TB media, followed by adding E. coli 1161. After co‐culturing, plates are washed, bacteria that remain to be adhered to the cells are lysed, and their ATP contents are read by a plate reader.

The NIST SRM 3283 Cranberry Extract is a chosen reference standard, the anti‐adhesion index of a sample is obtained by fitting the sample's inhibition degree to the dose response curve of the NIST reference. The results are expressed as SRM 3283 equivalent per mg or per mL. Various phytochemicals from cranberry including their metabolites in biological fluids, plant extracts, and juices were tested by this new assay. Our results indicate that when compared to other fruits, cranberry demonstrated the highest potency of anti‐adhesion activity. The assay is reliable, high throughput, and can be utilized to test a wide of variety of samples.
Weight change in middle age poor Mexican women in a 10y period
Authors: Hernandez‐Cordero Sonia , Lopez‐Olmedo Nancy , Neufeld Lynnette M , Madrid‐Marina Vicente , Fernald Lia , Ramakrishnan Usha , Rivera‐Dommarco Juan
Published: June 2021

To explore the weight change over time and its associated factors in women from semi‐rural area in Mexico.

Methods

Women participating in a randomized controlled micronutrient supplementation trial during pregnancy in 1998 were followed in 2005 and 2008. Information on weight, physical activity (PA) and socio‐demographic information was collected on each contact (n= 632). Furthermore, in a subsample (n=100) we collected blood samples in order to explore the distribution of SNP LEPTINA 3UTR, and SNP PPARG Pro12Ala. General estimating equations (GEE) were estimated to explore the association of weight change over time, and socio‐demographic, characteristics and changes in PA level.

Results

Women were on average 23.6±5.5y and had a parity of 2.4±1.4 when were first recruited. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from38.1% in 1997 to 74.2% and 83.6 % for 2005, and 2008 respectively. The mean BMI change was 5.1±3.3 from 1998–2008. After adjusting for potential confounders, BMI change was associated to parity, (beta coefficient 1.5± 0.05, p< 0.01), and socioeconomic level, showing that women at the highest tertile had a greater increase in BMI (p<0.01).

Discussion

The overweight and obesity in this sample increased almost 46 percentage points in a 9 years period. In women from poor semi‐rural community, having a wealthier economic status and high parity might be potential risk factors for obesity
Phytonutrient density of diets consumed by adults in the United States
Authors: Murphy Mary M , Barraj Leila M , Bi Xiaoyu , Cheatham Rachel , Randolph R Keith
Published: June 2021

Fruits and vegetables are key dietary sources of phytonutrients, though intakes of fruits and vegetables by Americans fall short of recommendations. The purpose of this study was to estimate the phytonutrient density of diets consumed by younger (19–44 y), middle age (45–64 y) and older adults (65+ y), and the percent of adults meeting age and sex‐specific recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes. Estimates were based on 2‐day average intakes using dietary recalls in NHANES 2003–2006 and phytonutrient concentration data from USDA and the published literature. Energy‐adjusted intakes (intake/1000 kcal) of total carotenoids (alpha‐carotene, beta‐carotene, beta‐cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene) were 20% higher by both middle age and older adults as compared to younger adults. Energy‐adjusted intakes of total flavonoids (anthocyanidins, EGCG, hesperetin, isoflavones, quercetin) were 40% higher by the two older groups. Intakes of ellagic acid/1000 kcal were 50 and 80% higher in the two older groups, respectively, while intakes of resveratrol (excluding wine) were 40 and 50% higher. Energy‐adjusted intakes of allicin decreased with age, and intakes of isothiocyanates were comparable between younger and older adults. Increased intakes of phytonutrient‐rich foods may be warranted for all adults, and particularly for younger adults. Research supported by Nutrilite Health Institute.
Para‐amino benzoic acid (PABA) recovery in 24 h urine collections: Effect of mode of administration
Authors: Sharma Rashmi S , Joy Raechel C. , Boushey Carol J. , Leonov Alexei P. , McCrory Megan A.
Published: June 2021

Background

Para‐amino benzoic acid (PABA) is an established biomarker of 24 h urine collection (UC) completeness. When added to food, PABA can also be used as a biomarker of consumption. However, PABA for human ingestion is not available in the US, although the potassium salt form, POTABA®, can be obtained for clinical use.

Objective

We compared PABA recoveries (%R) in urine of equivalent PABA doses from PABA (3x80mg/d) and POTABA®(3x102mg/d).

Methods

12 healthy, free‐living participants underwent 3 test conditions in random order: supervised ingestion of PABA tablet (PABAtab), POTABA® capsule (POTABAcap) and food with PABA or POTABA®. Blocks of 6 participants were randomized to consume either PABAfood or POTABAfood. Participants performed a single 24 h UC for each condition and %R was measured.

Results

30% of UCs (n=5) were low (%R<85%), signifying non‐compliance, and excluded from analysis. PABAtab and POTABAcap %R did not differ significantly (101±2; 98±4; n=7). %R for PABAtab and PABAfood (n=4) were 103±3 and 93±4, and POTABAcap and POTABAfood (n=3) were 101±2 and 98±3, respectively.

Conclusion

POTABA®is a valid alternative toPABA when taken in capsule/pill form. Results for PABA or POTABA®in food are inconclusive due to the small n, and we will be recruiting additional participants. The process of achieving complete 24h UC in free‐living people needs improvement. [DK075862]
Differential effect of quercetin and quercetin‐3‐glucoside on the proliferation of cancer cells
Authors: You Hyun Ju , Ahn Hyung Jin , Ji Geun Eog
Published: June 2021

While most of flavonoids in plant and food sources exist as glycosidic‐conjugated forms, biological functions of glycones have been less studied than their aglycones. We investigated the differential anti‐proliferative effects of quercetin and its glycone, quercetin‐3‐glucoside (Q3G) on cancer cells. Q3G increased the anti‐proliferative effect of quercetin noticeably in the 7 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, treatment with Q3G induced higher degree of G1 cell cycle arrest and sub‐G1 phase of colon cancer cells than quercetin. Q3G also showed more potent activity than quercetin in decreasing the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, CDK4, and CDK6, and increasing the mRNA and protein levels of p21CIP1in a p53‐independent manner. These results represented the increased anti‐proliferative effect of glucosylated quercetin through the regulation of cell‐cycle related proteins in G1 arrest. This work was supported by the 21C Frontier Microbial Genomics and Applications Center Program, Ministry of Science and Technology (MG08‐0303‐4‐0), Republic of Korea.
Involvement of heme oxygenase‐1 in the anti‐inflammatory activity of Erigeron annuus L. extracts on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Lee Junsoo , Sung Misun , Kim Younghwa , Choi Youngmin , Park Yooheon
Published: June 2021

The genus Erigeron is a member of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family and contains more than 400 species. Erigeron annuus L. is an indigenous weed from eastern North America widely found in early‐successional communities in fields. This species is also commonly found all over Korea. Erigeron annuus L. has been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of indigestion, enteritis, epidemic hepatitis and hemauria. This study is to elucidate the involvement of anti‐inflammatory heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in the inhibitory activity of a Erigeron annuus L. flower (EAF) extract on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell viability and NO assay were performed. In addition, iNOS expression was detected by Western blotting. HO‐1 expression was also evaluated by Western blotting, and blocking HO‐1 activity on NO production was performed. The EAF extract at the highest concentration (200 μg/ml) significantly inhibited NO production by approximately 85% and suppressed iNOS protein expression by approximately 90% compared to LPS‐stimulated cells. The EAF extract induced the expression of HO‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner, and blocking HO‐1 activity abolished the inhibitory effects of the EAF extract on NO production. These results suggest that a EAF extract has potent anti‐inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophages involving the induction of HO‐1.
Effect of Various Modes of Exercise on the Mobilization of Stem Cells
Authors: O'Kane Barbara Jean , Passarelli Patrick J , Lang Molly , Brusnahan Susan K , Bilek Laura D
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this descriptive pilot study was to determine the temporal nature of peripheral stem cells in response to various modes of exercise. Six individuals (ages 21–54 years) were enrolled. The study protocol required a stem cell assessment following three exercise conditions: aerobic, concentric resistance and resistance exercise. Peripheral blood was collected prior to the exercise regimen and at five time points following completion of the prescribed exercise regimen. The peripheral blood was analyzed flow cytometrically for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (CD45lo/Stro1+), endothelial stem cells (ESC) (CD34−/31+/34+) and hematopoietic stem cells HSC) (CD45+/34hi). The results of the study did not demonstrate any significant correlations with respect to mobilization of MSC, ESC or HSC with any of the exercise modalities over time. However, HSC's did show more dramatic changes to concentric and eccentric exercises than MSC or endothelial stem cells, increasing as much as 4 fold following exercise. This is in contrast to aerobic exercise in which a small and inconsistent response of HSC's post exercise was seen. Overall, no change in any stem cell type was seen after a 30 minute bout of moderate aerobic exercise. Thus, resistance type exercise appeared to elicit more dramatic changes in circulating stem cell number than aerobic exercise. Also, the response of the HSCs to resistance exercise was more consistent than that of MSC or endothelial cells. It is possible that the inconsistent response of MSC and endothelial cells reflects the variable training status of the subjects relative to resistance training or the normal variance in stem cell physiology. These questions will be addressed in future studies.
Protease‐activated receptor‐2 reduces cycloheximide‐induced apoptosis in K562 myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Sriwai Wimolpak , Srisawang Prassanee , Maladad Kanteera , Mahavadi Sunila , Murthy Karnam S
Published: June 2021

There is evidence that PAR‐2, cleaved and activated by tryptase, contributes to tumor progression in various cancer types. However, the role of PAR‐2 in the context of myeloid leukemia remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of PAR‐2 activation on leukemic cell survival and proliferation using a human myeloid leukemia cell line (K562). Our study showed that PAR‐2 was detected in K562 cells using RT‐PCR. In a serum containing medium, K562 cells showed a significant increase in cell growth as determined by MTT assay. However, PAR‐2 activating peptide (AP) SLIGRL‐NH2 did not significantly alter cell growth when compared to controls. Using cleaved caspase‐3 as a marker of apoptosis, cell culture with cycloheximide (CHX) (50 μg/ml) alone showed an increase in cell apoptosis. The PAR‐2 AP alone did not alter K562 cell apoptosis. However, the effect of CHX on caspase‐3 cleavage was significantly decreased in the present of PAR‐2 AP, suggesting anti‐apoptotic activity. Taken together, these results show that PAR‐2 activation does not stimulate K562 cell proliferation. Instead, PAR‐2 AP reduces K562 cell response to CHX‐induced apoptosis. The results imply that enhanced tryptase levels during pre‐leukemia may, via activating PAR‐2, offer protection of tumor cells against chemotherapeutic agents thereby result in a survival advantage of the malignant clone. This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund.
Evaluation of cytological alterations and genetic polymorphism in clinically normal oral mucosa of smokers
Authors: Bayoumi Fatehia Ali
Published: June 2021

Background

Many enzymes involved in detoxification of chemical carcinogen metabolism are polymorphically expressed, with the alleles presenting different enzymatic activities and some of them are associated with cancer susceptibility. Genetic polymorphisms may contribute to our understanding of inter‐individual variation in susceptibility to environmental carcinogens and development of neoplasias. Deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1genes will lead to complete loss of enzymatic activities.

Aim

to study the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes deletion and the rate of cellular proliferation in oral mucosa of smokers among a sample population of United Arab Emirates.

Material and Methods

This cross sectional study consisted of 106 non‐smokers and smokers between the age of30–60. Blood samples and oral smears were collected for DNA extraction and cytologic examination of the silver stained NORs (AgNORs).GSTM1 and GSTT1Gene deletions were analyzed using PCR‐based method. Analysis of data was done by using SPSS program.

Results

There was significant increased number of Agnors in the cells of oral mucosa of smokers if compared with those of non‐smokers and positive correlation between the number of Agnors in smokers and the age (0.81),Pack‐year(0.93),GSTT1 deletion (0.63) and GSTM1 deletion (0.48).Smokers with deletion of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were at a significant high risk of increased cellular proliferation (OR=0.029, 95%CI= 0.006–0.152)for GSTT1 and 0.060 (0.007–0.504) for GSTM1.There was highly significant difference among the group with deletion when compared to the group of no deletion in both genes(p< 0.001).

Conclusion

There is an association between GSTT1 & GSTM1 deletion and the risk of increased cellular proliferation of the oral mucosa of smokers.

Source of Fund: the Medical Research Fund, Dubai Medical College (MRF‐DMCG).
Cutaneous neoplasia is invariably preceded by expanding areas of increased hyperemia that is suppressed by topical celecoxib treatment
Authors: Konger Raymond L , Sahu Ravi P , Xu Zhengbin , Kim Young L.
Published: June 2021

Previous studies using biophotometric imaging with spectroscopic analysis and back‐directional gating have shown that hyperemia is a feature of neoplastic lesions and is also present in otherwise normal epithelium in the surrounding tissue field. We utilized this methodology in mouse models of chemical and photocarcinogenesis to show that hyperemia invariably precedes the appearance of grossly visible tumors. While all tumors developed in areas of high Hgb content, not all hyperemic areas developed tumors. In ultraviolet B (UVB) studies, mice were irradiated for 10 weeks with UVB 3 times/week and treated topically with either acetone or celecoxib (0.5 mg/0.2 ml) after each UV treatment. UVB treatments were discontinued at 10 weeks, but celecoxib treatments continued for 30 weeks. Importantly, focal areas of hyperemia continued to increase in size after cessation of the UVB treatments suggesting a self‐sustaining mechanism. Celecoxib treatment reduced tumor occurrence by 40% and also markedly suppressed the formation of hyperemic areas. At 30 weeks, areas of high and low Hgb content without visible tumors were assessed histologically. High Hgb content was associated with marked epidermal hyperplasia/dermal inflammation and frequent small endophytic tumors. Our data suggests that hyperemia, possibly due to a self‐sustaining inflammatory angiogenesis is a feature of the premalignant microenvironment. Thus, this imaging approach may be useful for identifying areas of subclinical or pre‐neoplastic disease, to assess the efficacy of chemopreventive strategies and to identify focal areas resistant to chemopreventive approaches. Supported by NIH R03 CA153982 & R01 HL062996 grants.
A potential role for co‐amplification of other oncogenes with EGFR in the control of metabolism in glioblastomas
Authors: Beckner Marie E , Kant Jeffrey A , Pollack Ian F , Nordberg Mary L , Hamilton Ronald L
Published: June 2021

Based on EGFR's frequent amplification in glioblastomas, gains in copy numbers for it and other oncogenes were investigated for associations with expression of genes that encode mediators of glycolysis. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) was included due to its protein's cleavage of cytosolic citric acid, a glycolysis inhibitor. RNA and DNA were isolated from 22 glioblastomas (adults) and analyzed with real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Transcript levels of ACLY, enolase 1 (ENO1), and other genes were analyzed with delta delta crossing threshold methodology. RT‐qPCR results were normalized with actin B and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase using normal brain RNA. Expression of ACLY correlated well with ENO1. MLPA data for 78 oncogenes were normalized against normal DNA. At least 15 oncogenes showed ≥3‐fold amplifications in 14 of 22 glioblastomas. FISH confirmed results for EGFR in 18 cases tested. EGFR was amplified alone and combined with other oncogenes in 7 & 4 tumors, respectively. A trend (p = 0.1167, Fisher exact test) was detected for increased ACLY expression when EGFR was co‐amplified with CDK6, CDK4, MOS, CYP27B1 &/or PDGFRA, but not alone. Co‐amplification of other oncogenes with EGFR may correlate with regulation of glycolysis.
RHAMM alters smooth muscle cell (SMC) remodeling of collagen‐hyaluronan (HA) matrix
Authors: MA XUE , BERNISH BRIAN , GEARY RANDOLPH
Published: June 2021

HA is prominent in ECM at sites of artery injury and alters SMC proliferation and migration by binding receptors CD44 and RHAMM, respectively. HA also enhances contraction of collagen by SMC in vitro but the molecular regulation of this effect is ill defined. Given HA binding of RHAMM induces migration we hypothesize RHAMM also mediates HA‐induced collagen remodeling. To test this hypothesis, rat SMC were pre‐treated with blocking antibody and effects on adhesion, migration, collagen gel contraction determined. Consistent with the literature, HA promoted migration via RHAMM, as blocking antibody inhibited healing of a scratch assay by 84% compared to IgG control (%healing, 48 hr: 8±2 vs 92±2 %, respectively, p=0.008) but without significant effect on initial SMC adhesion to collagen‐coated plates(p=0.08). HA enhanced contraction of collagen‐I gels and contraction was further increased by RHAMM blockade (gel diam, 18hr: 8.5±0.15 vs 5.5±0.1, p=0.01). Gel histology showed increased pericellular collagen with RHAMM blockade (156±7% of control, p<0.05) and reduced cell speading (p=0.015). In summary, RHAMM promoted SMC migration with little effect on initial adhesion. Blocking RHAMM enhanced HA‐induced collagen gel contraction, suggesting RHAMM plays an inhibitory role in collagen remodeling, making RHAMM a potential target for treating constrictive remodeling in vivo.

Research Support: NIH R01HL57557
caTissue Suite: An Open‐Access, Feature‐Rich Tool For Biospecimen Annotation And Data Sharing
Authors: McDonald Sandra , Watson Mark , Nagarajan Rakesh , Mulvihill David A , Brink Amy
Published: June 2021

Advances in molecular technologies and clinical trial design have mandated new requirements for the operation of biorepostories. caTissue Suite is a caBIG(TM) application designed to manage the complexities of biospecimen annotation data.

caTissue Suite is a software application developed with requirements gathering and acceptability testing by multiple institutions. caTissue uses a web browser to store and retrieve data from a database. Its open program interface (API) permits customized access to all of the application's features, and data integration from other data systems.

caTissue Suite is scalable and configurable for broad deployment across biorepostories of varying size and function. Numerous institutions have adopted the application and are using it in their daily operations. A caBIG(TM) supported, web‐based “Knowledge Center” (https://cabig‐kc.nci.nih.gov/Biospecimen/KC) provides on‐going application support via discussion forums, technical and user guides, training tools, and webinars.

caTissue Suite is a freely available, fully supported, open‐access software application for biospecimen data management. Use of caTissue Suite by several NCI Cancer Centers and other biospecimen resource groups is providing a rapid and facilitated path toward standardizing biospecimen informatics and promoting biospecimen data sharing both nationally and globally.
Polymorphisms of heat shock factor‐1: Genetic diversity in an evolutionarily conserved, multifunctional regulator gene
Authors: Bridges Tiffany M. , Singh Ishwar S. , Liggett Stephen B. , Hasday Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2021

In the present study we analyzed heat shock factor‐1 (HSF‐1) for SNPs by mining the NCBI dbSNP database and directly sequencing the 13 HSF‐1 exons (2152 nt mRNA sequence) from 60 anonymous genomic DNA samples representing 30 Caucasians and 30 African Americans and comparing these with a reference human HSF‐1 sequence (NT_037704).

Results

Mining the dbSNP database revealed 6 SNPs (3 in the 3′UTR and 3 in the coding sequence). One of the coding SNPs causes a proline‐to‐threonine missense at amino acid 365 adjacent to LZ3 and one causes a frame‐shift replacement of the 26‐amino acid C‐terminal transactivation domain. Direct sequencing confirmed the P365T SNP, identified a second novel nonsynonymous SNP (L25I) located in the DNA binding domain, 2 novel 5′UTR and 2 novel 3′UTR SNPs. Four of the five 3′UTR SNPs alter predicted miRNA target sequences (MicroSNiPer) and both 5′UTR SNPs alter predicted 5′UTR secondary structure (RNAFOLD).

Conclusions

We have identified several SNPs in both the coding and untranslated regions that are likely to alter HSF‐1 function and expression level, respectively. The functional consequences of these SNPs will be analyzed by overexpressing in MEFs from HSF‐1‐null mice.