bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTIPATH ANTENNA SYSTEM OF THE VHF BAND BASED ON A LENS MADE OF GRANITE RUBBLE
Authors: Николаев В.И. , Пастернак Ю.Г. , Пендюрин В.А. , Фёдоров С.М.
Published: January 2022

Предложена конструкция приземной многолучевой антенной решетки на основе линзы из гранитного щебня, позволяющая одновременно формировать до нескольких десятков лучей в длинноволновой области УКВ-диапазона волн. Эффективная диэлектрическая проницаемость гранитного щебня оценивалась с помощью формулы Лихтенекера для мелкодисперсных смесей; ее величина приблизительно равна 3. Для оценки величины замедления поверхностных волн в линзе использовалась методика анализа дисперсионных характеристик зеркального диэлектрического волновода; при высоте линзы 1.8 метра эффективная диэлектрическая проницаемость эквивалентного зеркального диэлектрического волновода равна 2.1. В качестве облучателей линзы - несимметричные электрические вибраторы, расположенные на окружности по периметру линзы, диаметр которой составляет 30 метров; диаметр подстилающей стальной поверхности составляет 40 метров. Предложенная антенная система характеризуется потерями в щебне около 3 дБ при диаметре линзы около 3,8 длин волн; показано, что коэффициент направленного действия у каждого луча может составлять около 15,5 дБ, при ширине главного лепестка в азимутальной плоскости по уровню половинной мощности около 10 градусов

We propose a design of a surface multi-beam antenna array based on a lens of crushed granite, which makes it possible to simultaneously form up to several tens of beams in the long-wave region of the VHF wave range. We estimated the effective dielectric constant of crushed granite using the Lichtenecker formula for fine mixtures; its value is approximately equal to 3. To estimate the magnitude of the deceleration of surface waves in the lens, we used a technique to analyze the dispersion characteristics of a mirror dielectric waveguide; at a lens height of 1.8 meters, the effective dielectric constant of the equivalent mirror dielectric waveguide is 2.1. As irradiators of the lens - asymmetric electric vibrators located on a circle around the perimeter of the lens, the diameter of which is 30 meters; the diameter of the underlying steel surface is 40 meters. The proposed antenna system is characterized by a loss in rubble of about 3 dB with a lens diameter of about 3.8 wavelengths; the directivity of each beam can be about 15.5 dB, with the width of the main lobe in the azimuthal plane at half power level of about 10 degrees
Information avoidance
Authors: جولمان راسل , هاجمان ديفيد , لوينشتاين جورج , شريف زكريا محمود
Published: January 2022

Information is normally considered as a mean to a desired end. However, a growing theoretical and experimental literature suggested that information may directly enter the agent’s utility function. This can create an incentive to avoid information, even when it is useful, free, and independent of strategic considerations. In this study, the researchers have reviewed information avoidance, as well as theoretical and empirical researches that discussed the reasons why people avoid information, depending on the economical researches, psychological researches, and other disciplines. The study also discussed some of the diverse (and often costly) individual and societal consequences of information avoidance.
DETECTION OF PINWORMS IN CONVENTIONALLY MAINTAINED LABORATORY MICE
Authors: Ain-Fatin R , Nur-Fazila S.H. , Nur-Mahiza M.I. , Yasmin A.R. , Losheni S , Najwa-Syaza A
Published: January 2022

The laboratory mice (Mus musculus) are commonly utilised for research purposes. Despite strict biosecurity, they potentially harbour parasites which may compromise the experimental study. Parasite intensity differs among strains of mice. This study aims to identify the presence of parasites between two strains of laboratory mice. A total of 48 mice (n = 48) obtained from the UPM Animal Resource Unit (ARU), consisting of 24 animals for each group of inbred strain Bagg Albino (BALB/c) and outbred Institute Cancer Research (ICR) mice were used for detection of helminths, ectoparasites and blood parasites. Based on parasitological distinct characteristics, Syphacia obvelata (S. obvelata) and Aspiculuris tetraptera (A. tetraptera) were detected. Both helminths were seen in 8.33% of BALB/c and 20.83% of ICR mice, respectively. Single infection by S. obvelata was detected in 33.33% of BALB/c mice while 12.5% of ICR mice were manifested merely by A. tetraptera. The findings revealed an optimal method to identify S. obvelata through perianal tape test while A. tetraptera is best detected by the faecal flotation technique. Statistically, the type of helminth was significantly associated with the strains of mice (P=0.043). Overall, there were low amounts of opportunistic helminths and ova with the absence of ectoparasites and blood parasites for both strains of laboratory mice which is suggestive of appropriate management practised.
Keywords: laboratory mice, parasitological methods, pinworms, strains
INDUCTION OF TERMINAL HEAT STRESS TOLEREANCE IN CHICKPEA UNDER EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF GROWTH PROMOTERS
Authors: Yasmeen A , Muzamil H.M.
Published: January 2022

High temperature stress has been measured as one of the crucial environmental features that adversely affect the plant growth and development. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at Land Reclamation Research Station, 7/3-L Ahmad Pur Sial, Jhang, Pakistan to reduce the heat stress induced-losses to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants with the foliar spray of growth promoters during two consecutive years 2017-18 and 2018-19. Experimental treatments comprised of two chickpea cultivars (DHUST and Bhakkar 2011) cultivated on two different sowing dates (15th November and 1st December) and foliar spray of growth promoters (Benzyl-amino purine (BAP) and Moringa leaf extract (MLE30)) including tap water as a control. This study was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements having three repeats. Results suggested that high temperature stress severely reduced the chickpea growth and productivity. However, exogenous application of MLE had a tremendous effect on the studied attributes. Exogenous application of MLE improved the growth and yield contributing attributes, which ultimately increased the final productivity. Moreover, foliar spray of MLE produced significantly higher enzymatic antioxidants activities that modulated the adverse impacts of heat stress on yield contributing traits. These results suggest that foliar spray of growth promoters particularly MLE modulated the heat stress induced losses to chickpea plants by improving their antioxidant defense mechanism and produced significantly higher grain yield during 2017-18 and 2018-19.
Keywords: Benzyl-amino purine, Moringa leaf extract, Catalase, Peroxidase, Grain yield
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS ON POLLEN FERTILITY OF INTERSPECIFIC EGGPLANT HYBRID (SOLANUM MELONGENA L. X SOLANUM TORVUM SW.) GENOTYPES
Authors: Dayan A , Curuk S
Published: January 2022

The major bottleneck in interspecific hybridization is the sterility of the hybrid individuals. Different methods such as tissue culture techniques, molecular studies and grafting are used to overcome the sterility barriers as a result of hybridization between species. In the present study, the grafting method was used to overcome the low pollen fertility of hybrid plants obtained from the hybridization between Solanum melongena and Solanum torvum. Three different rootstocks with high fertility (Pala, Faselis F1, and S. torvum) were used for grafting. Three interspecific hybrids (8/I-3, 8/II-1 and 8/IV-2) were used as the scion. Pollen viability and pollen germination rates of these genotypes were determined. According to the data obtained, it was determined that the pollen viability and germination were affected significantly by the rootstock-genotype combination. The highest rate of pollen viability and pollen germination was obtained from Pala - 8/II-1 combination. The rate of pollen stained in "red + pink" of the 8/II-1 genotype grafted on Pala rootstock increased 98.00 times and the pollen ratio stained only in red increased 77.87 times, compared to the non-grafted. The Pala was determined as the most suitable rootstock for the interspecific hybrids.
Keywords: Grafting, pollen fertility, rootstock, Solanum melongena, Solanum torvum
FUNGICIDAL POTENTIAL OF FLOWER EXTRACT OF CASSIA FISTULA AGAINST MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA AND SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII
Authors: Ferdosi M.F.H. , Ahmed H , Khan I.H. , Javaid A
Published: January 2022

Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotium rolfsii are the two important soil-borne phytopathogens causing diseases in hundreds of plant species. In search of alternatives to synthetic fungicides, the present study was carried out to investigate the antifungal activity of methanolic extract of flowers of Cassia fistula L. against these two highly destructive plant pathogens. The extract was prepared by soaking 200 g shade dried flowers of the test plant species in 1000 ml of methanol for two weeks, followed by filtration and evaporation on a rotary evaporator. Bioassays carried out with 1.562, 3.125, 6.250, 12.500, 25.000, and 50.000 mg/ml concentrations of the extract exhibited 2–36% and 31–56% reduction in biomass of M. phaseolinaand S. rolfsii, respectively. The extract was partitioned with n-hexane followed by chloroform and the later fraction was analyzed by GC-MS that showed presence of 37 compounds. Hexacosane (16.06%) followed by heptacosane (10.94%) and benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl- (8.12%) were recognized as the principal components of chloroform fraction. Compounds namely heptadecane (7.15%), benzene, 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl- (4.60%), benzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl- (3.93%), benzene, 2-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl- (3.88%), aniline, N-methyl- (3.68%) and naphthalene (3.08%) were ranked as moderately abundant. Some of the identified compounds are known to possess antifungal activities against various fungal species and could be responsible for antifungal activity of the flower extract against M. phaseolina and S. rolfsii in the present study. This study also concluded that S. rolfsii was more susceptible to the flower extract than M. phaseolina.
Keywords: Antifungal; Cassia fistula; Flower extract; GC-MS analysis
EVALUATION OF YIELD PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS CULTIVATED IN RAINFED CENTRAL ANATOLIA
Authors: Aktas B
Published: January 2022

There are limited number of wheat cultivars recommended for successful cultivation under the rainfed conditions of the Central Anatolia. This research was conducted for determining grain yield potential and some quality traits of five commonly cultivated bread wheat cultivars (Bezostaja 1, Gerek 79, Bayraktar 2000, Tosunbey, and Sonmez 2001) cultivated over large areas in the Central Anatolia. The experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design with four replications during 2007-2015. The cultivars were evaluated in terms of mean grain yield, regression coefficient (bi), regression constant (a), coefficient of determination (R2) and coefficient of variation (CV) for their stability in 38 environments. In addition, stability of the cultivars was assessed on the graphs generated with the use of GGE (Genotype + genotype by environment interaction) biplot analysis. Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) was found significant (p<0.01). In the GGE-biplot analysis of the grain yields, 72.84% of the total variation was explained by PC1 and PC2. Mean grain yields of the genotypes varied between 4018.4-4826.4 kg ha-1, thousand-kernel weights varied between 30.0-35.6 g, test weights between 76.5-79.1 kg, protein contents between 13.4-15.3% and Zeleny sedimentation values between 34.2-46.7 ml. These detailed stability level of the studied cultivars will be helpful for their utilization in future breeding programs. Bayraktar 2000 and Sonmez 2001 had the highest grain yields, the bi values of greater than 1. Negative values indicated that these genotypes have potential to improve grain yields under appropriate environmental conditions. Bezostaja 1 was identified as the most prominent genotype for quality traits. The results of this study emphasize importance of selecting genetically stable wheat genotypes in breeding programs.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar development, grain yield and quality, stability, GGE-biplot, rainfed agriculture
ASSESSING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AMONG FARMERS AVAILING LOANS FROM ZARAI TARAQIATI BANK LIMITED
Authors: Ayyub R.M. , Safdar R , Naeem S , Awan M.A. , Ayyub S
Published: January 2022

The loaning schemes for farmers are considered as one of the main tools towards gearing up the economy in developing countries like Pakistan. However, the farmers are still facing many troubles in availing such facilities in Pakistan. The main objective of this study is to access the satisfaction of those agricultural/Livestock farmers who avail loans from Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL). Perceived service quality and customer satisfaction were measured by using established scales, which were first adopted and then adapted. The data were collected from farmers availing loaning facilities from various branches of ZTBL in the main cities of Punjab. A total of 200 farmers responded to the questionnaires who were approached through convenience sampling. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was used to test the hypotheses. It was found that tangibility (β=0.30) and assurance (β=0.20) were the main predictors of customer satisfaction in the Pakistani context. It was recommended that ZTBL should increase customer satisfaction by introducing such schemes, which mainly have these characteristics. To the best of our knowledge this study is one of the initial studies in the Pakistani context and has great significance for the Pakistani banking sector and livestock farmers. The managerial implications were also given.
Key words: Customer satisfaction, Banking sector, ZTBL, Livestock farmers, Service quality.
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ASSESSMENT USING AQUACROP MODEL FOR GROWING BARLEY UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS OF THE ARID REGIONS OF TUNISIA
Authors: El-Mokh F , Nagaz K , Masmoudi M.M. , Mechlia N.B.
Published: January 2022

FAO’s Aquacrop is one of the most suited models to water limited and saline conditions. It can help to assess management practices and allows developing better informed decisions concerning management and environmental factors that affect crop production. In this study, Aquacrop was used to determine the acceptable threshold of initial soil salinity and the suited period for sowing barley. Three initial soil salinity levels (3, 6 and 8 dS m-1) were evaluated under different initial soil water content for full (FI) and deficit irrigated barley and two contrasting seasons. Barley yield was predicted also for 8 consecutive sowing dates including the sowing dates used by famers. The model simulations were evaluated using statistical indicators (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination (r2) and the three season’s experimental data. Results show that grain yield and final biomass decrease with delay of sowing date and these reductions were accentuated with high initial soil salinity and the variability of rainfall events. The most suitable period for sowing barley ranging between end of November and the beginning of December. Initial conditions affect yield while the yield reduction started to be considerable (30%) only with the relatively higher level of soil salinity (8 dS m-1) and for dry season and deficit treatment. The comparison between measured and simulated yield and biomass under varied sowing dates and initial soil salinity shows good agreement with RMSE ranging between 0.36 and 1.6 t ha-1, MAE ranging between 0.29 and 1.48 t ha-1, r² about 0.77 and 0.81 for yield and final biomass, respectively. Aquacrop could be a useful tool to determine the optimum barley yield for different restricted factors.
Key words: Barley, irrigation, Aquacrop, saline water, sowing date, management practices, arid environment.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF CHLOROFORM SOLUBLE FRACTION OF DATURA METEL FRUIT
Authors: Jabeen N , Javaid A , Ahmed E
Published: January 2022

Datura metel is a weed of family Solanaceae. In the present study, dried and powdered fruits of this medicinal plant species were extracted in methanol for two weeks. After evaporating the solvent, the remaining gummy extract was mixed in water and fractionated using n-hexane to separate the non-polar fraction. The remaining aqueous phase was partitioned with chloroform in a separating funnel. The chloroform fraction was separated and evaporated on a rotary evaporator. The gummy biomass of this fraction obtained after complete evaporation of the solvent was dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and its different concentrations (3.125 to 200 mg/ml) were prepared in malt extract broth. Antifungal activity of the extract was checked against a highly destructive soil-borne phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii isolated from bell pepper plants suffering from collar rot disease. Results revealed that there was 35–51% reduction in biomass of S. rolfsii due to different concentrations of the chloroform fraction. Twelve compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis of this fraction. The predominant were 1-hexacosanol (15.45%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester (14.15%), 1-octadecanol (12.81%), 1-octadecene (12.80%) and 1-eicosanol (8.12%), which could be responsible for antifungal activity against S. rolfsii.
Keywords: Bell pepper, Datura metel fruit, methanolic extract, natural fungicides, Sclerotium rolfii.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL POTENTIAL OF AN EGYPTIAN ISOLATE OF SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM MITOVIRUS 1
Authors: E-Khalifa Mahmoud , S.Dessoky Eldessoky , S.Sadik Atef
Published: January 2022

Several mycoviruses have potential to induce hypovirulence on their fungal pathogens and therefore the interest in mycoviruses has increased in recent years. In the current study, a single double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule of 2531 nts was detected, sequenced and characterized from an Egyptian isolate (D7) of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fungus. The dsRNA has one open reading frame (ORF), in its positive strand, encoding a protein with conserved motifs characteristic of viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases (RdRps). The RdRp encoded by the ORF shares 91.84% identity with that of isolate HC025 of sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 1 (SsMV1) and consequently it was tentatively named SsMV1-D7. As for previously described mitoviruses, the termini of the (+) strand of SsMV1-D7 RNA could potentially fold into stable secondary structures. Horizontal transmission and virulence experiments showed that SsMV1-D7 is probably responsible for the altered growth and virulence of S. sclerotiorum.
Keywords: dsRNA; Mycovirus; Mitoviridae; Mitovirus; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Hypovirulence
STUDY ON THE GROWTH PATTERNS OF HERRING SCAD, ALEPES VARI (CUVIER, 1833) COLLECTED FROM THE KARACHI COAST OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Hawa N , Masood Z , Ullah A , Azmat H
Published: January 2022

The current study explains the estimation of growth patterns of Herring scad Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833) collected from Karachi coast, Pakistan. A total of 100 samples (44 males and 56 females) were caught from January to December 2019. The length-weight relationships (LWR) along with correlation coefficients (r) calculated for the combined sexes, males and females of Alepes vari had showed Log Wt = - 1.36 + 2.56 Log TL (r = 0.853), Log Wt = -1.84 + 2.90 Log TL (r = 0.965), and Log Wt = - 0.96 + 2.28 Log TL (r = 0.760). In this study, the general growth pattern for combined sexes, males, and females were observed only positive allometric type (A+) with b-values ranged between 2.28 to 2.90, respectively. The overall results revealed that all length-weight relationships were strongly correlated with ‘r’ values ranging from 0.760 to 0.965, which shows a good health condition of this species. Moreover, the average values of Relative condition factor (Kn) ranging from 0.8 to 1.0, which revealed that both abiotic and biotic factors of the Karachi coast were found in acceptable limits for this species. Thus, our present study will provide useful information on growth patterns and management of Alepes vari along the Karachi coast of Pakistan.
Keywords: Alepes vari, Condition factor, Growth patterns, allometric, isometric, length-weight relationship
MANAGEMENT OF OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI BY PHYTOCHEMICALS OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L.
Authors: Naeem Z , Jabeen K , Iqbal S
Published: January 2022

Ochratoxigenic fungal species are a major cause of various infections in plants and posed serious threat to their consumers, including humans and animals. The objective of this study was to examine the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of leaves methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis L. against target pathogenic ochratoxin producing fungal species (Trichoderma viride Pers., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. and Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries). For this purpose, different concentrations viz. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of leaf methanolic extract was prepared and tested for their antifungal potential in a completely randomized design (CRD). Results revealed that a 10% concentration of A. viridis significantly suppressed the growth of all the tested fungi. The phytochemical analysis of A. viridis depicts the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and coumarins. Bioassay-guided fractionation was executed to check the antifungal activity of various fractions in vitro against the test ochratoxin producing fungi. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antifungal activity among all other fractions. GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) analysis of ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of twelve compounds viz. 1,2,3-propanetriol monoacetate; n-decanoic acid; 1-hexadecene; dodecanoic acid; 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-[R]; tetradecanoic acid, 2-pentadecanone; 6,10,14-trimethyl-; phenol,2- methyl-5-[1-methylethyl]-; n-hxadecanoic acid; 2[4H]-benzofuranone; phytol; 9,12- octadecadienoic acid and heptacosane. The presence of these compounds might be responsible for the antifungal potential of A. viridis and it can be concluded that the methanolic leaf extract of the tested plant proved to be beneficial for inhibiting the growth of test ochratoxigenic fungi.
Keywords: Bioassay, GC-MS, ochratoxin, phytochemicals
Food supply for the Home Army for the duration of the warsaw uprising
Authors: Jasiński Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

Literatura dotycząca Powstania Warszawskiego jest ogromna. Dotyczy ona różnych jego aspektów, począwszy od zagadnień strategiczno-operacyjnych, problemów politycznych, uwarunkowań wewnętrznych i międzynarodowych, analizy militarnych działań powstania, reakcji na powstanie, poprzez eksterminację ludności i powstańców, po zburzenie miasta. Mimo takiego bogactwa literatura powstańcza zawiera wiele luk i rozbieżności, wiele zagadnień czeka na bardziej obszerne zbadanie i opracowanie.
Wykorzystując materiały archiwalne, w tym dokumenty z archiwów w Nowym Jorku, Londynie, Freiburgu oraz Polsce, jak również istniejącą literaturę przedmiotu, autor przedstawia nieznane dotychczas kwestie związane z zabezpieczeniem oddziałów AK w żywność i wodę na czas Powstania Warszawskiego. Wskazuje na stan przygotowań i występujące problemy z zaopatrzeniem. Twierdzi także, iż zabezpieczenie Armii Krajowej w żywność na czas walki było niewystarczające, a przez to miało istotny wpływ na rozwój wydarzeń w Warszawie latem 1944 r.
W artykule autor dowodzi, że zaopatrzenie oddziałów powstańczych w żywność i wodę miało bardzo istotny wpływ nie tylko na morale, ale przede wszystkim możliwość prowadzenia działań zbrojnych w poszczególnych rejonach Warszawy przez powstańców. Wnikliwie opisuje brak przygotowania intendenckiego w okresie okupacji, jak również czynione próby uporania się z tym problemem w przed wybuchem walk przez kwatermistrza Okręgu Warszawa AK i wskazuje dlaczego nie mogły się w pełni powieść. Stan przygotowania obnażyły nie tylko pierwsze dni walk, ale przede wszystkim kolejne tygodnie zmagań w Warszawie. Dający się zauważyć chaos w kwestii zaopatrzenia miasta w żywność i wodę wynikał z wielu czynników, w tym przede wszystkim przyjęcia założenia o czasie trwania walk, jak również przygotowywania się do nich w warunkach okupacji, co skutkowało daleko posuniętą tajemnicą planowania i rozbieżnościami w wydawanych wytycznych między Komendą Główną AK a Okręgiem Warszawa AK.
JURI PADA FESTIVAL COMPETITION SCHOOL OF SMEA PENASA DI SMK PEMBINA I PALEMBANG
Authors: Rachmawati Diana Widhi , Gunawan Hendry , Mardiana Mardiana , Utpalasari Rih Laksmi , Tirtayasa I Nyoman
Published: January 2022

Siswa diusia sekolah telah mengalami perubahan, perkembangan dan pematangan baik fisik, kognitif, bahasa, moral, emosi dan sosialnya. Dimana masa usia ini diperlukan penyaluran minat bakat yang sesuai untuk membentuk karakter siswa. Festival Competition School Of SMEA Penasa yang diselenggarakan oleh SMK Pembina I Palembang dan diikuti 28 orang pada tanggal 25 November 2019 ini merupakan bentuk penyaluran bakat siswa yang diselenggarakan dengan beberapa perlombaan seperti storytelling, stand up comedy dan pembacaan puisi. Juri storytelling adalah Diana Widhi Rachmawati, S.Ip., M.M, juri stand up comedy Hendri Gunawan, S.Pd., M.Pd, Rih Laksmi Utpalasari dan I Nyoman Tirtayasa sedangkan juri pembacaan puisi Mardiana Sari, M.Pd. Penilaian storytelling terletak pada teknik atau kemampuan menceritakan sebuah kisah, dengan  pengaturan adegan, event, dan dialog. Stand up comedy dinilai berdasarkan komedi yang dibawakan di depan panggung dan penilaian pada puisi terletak dari kemampuan dalam proses penciptaan bahasanya dalam satu karya terikat pada lirik bait irama dan rima.
Antibody-drug conjugate therapies in multiple myeloma—what’s next on the horizon?
Authors: Hartley-Brown Monique , Richardson Paul
Published: January 2022

Targeted immunotherapy has arisen over the past decade to the forefront of cancer care. Notably, targeted therapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are becoming more recognized for a novel approach in cancer treatment. The mechanism of action of ADCs incorporates a monoclonal antibody portion directed against the tumor cell antigen and attached to the tumoricidal portion via chemical linkage. The binding of the monoclonal antibody portion allows for tumor cell internalization of the ADC and precise release of the toxic payload within the cancer cell. Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer for which belantamab mafodotin was the first-in-class ADC to achieve United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of this disease. Clinical trials are currently evaluating other ADCs in the treatment of MM. In this review, a look at the current ADCs being tested in MM clinical trials with a focus on those that are more promising and a potential next-in-line for FDA approval for treatment of MM is discussed.
Industrialisierung der Baustelle durch Verknüpfung von BIM und Vorfertigung – Praxiserfahrungen am Beispiel der Befestigungstechnik in der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung/Industrialization of the jobsite with the combination of BIM and prefabrication – Practical examples from the fastening of the technical buildings services
Authors: Krönert Nils , Graf Thomas
Published: January 2022

Zusammenassung Die Steigerung der Produktivität auf der Baustelle ist eines der wichtigsten Ziele bei der Entwicklung neuartiger Bauprozesse. Vorfertigung wird dabei als ein mögliches Element zur Beschleunigung des Bauablaufs gesehen. Wird die Vorfertigung mit der digitalen Planung verknüpft, kann schon heute eine verbesserte Industrialisierung der Baustelle erfolgen. Der Artikel beschreibt ein Vorgehensmodell für die Vorfertigung, das sich an der derzeitigen Baupraxis orientiert und gleichzeitig eine Steigerung der Produktivität erzielt. Das Vorgehensmodell wurde an ersten Pilotprojekten mit dem Fokus auf die Befestigungstechnik mit signifikanten Projektverbesserungen implementiert. Es bildet somit die Grundlage für weitergehende Prozessansätze im Bereich der Vorfertigung in der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung (TGA).
Welchen Weg nimmt die „Straße der Zukunft“? – Digitalisierung der Straße im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 339 „Digitaler Zwilling Straße“/Which route takes the “Road of the Future”? – Digitalization of the road within the Collaborative Research Center/ Transregio 339 „Digital Twin of the Road System“
Authors: Kaliske Michael , Oeser Markus , Wollny Ines , Behnke Ronny
Published: January 2022

Die Mobilität von Menschen und Gütern ist ein wesentlicher Stützpfeiler einer funktionierenden Gesellschaft und Grundlage einer leistungsfähigen Wirtschaft. Die Mobilität im Bereich des Straßenverkehrs ist in ihrer derzeitigen Form mit enormen Herausforderungen auf globaler Ebene konfrontiert (Dauerhaftigkeit, Sicherheit, Effizienz, Ökologie, Kosten, Automatisierung etc.). Im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 339, der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft seit Januar 2022 gefördert wird, forschen mehrere Institute der TU Dresden und der RWTH Aachen (Bauwesen-Informatik-Gesellschaft) an einem räumlich wie zeitlich mehrdimensionalen, digitalen Abbild (Realitätsmodell in Raum und Zeit) aus Fahrzeug, Reifen und Fahrbahn. Das Realitätsmodell „Digitaler Zwilling Straße“ ist gekennzeichnet durch die intelligente Verknüpfung aller relevanten Informationen über das System „Straße der Zukunft“, einschließlich physikalischer Materialuntersuchungen, numerischer Simulationen sowie informatorischer und verkehrlicher Daten (Sensordaten, Datenmodelle etc.).
Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene
Authors: Vacher Robin , de Wijn Astrid S
Published: January 2022

Friction and wear of polymers at the nanoscale is a challenging problem due to the complex viscoelastic properties and structure. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how a graphene sheet on top of the semicrystalline polymer polyvinyl alcohol affects the friction and wear. Our setup is meant to resemble an AFM experiment with a silicon tip. We have used two different graphene sheets, namely an unstrained, flat sheet, and one that has been crumpled before being deposited on the polymer. The graphene protects the top layer of the polymer from wear and reduces the friction. The unstrained flat graphene is stiffer, and we find that it constrains the polymer chains and reduces the indentation depth.
Sosyal Medya Platformları ve Televizyon Yayıncılığı: TRT’nin Dijital Pratikleri
Authors: DİKMEN Ergin Şafak
Published: January 2022

Web 2.0 döneminin ikinci yarısından itibaren sosyal medya kullanıcı sayısının giderek artması, medya kuruluşlarını harekete geçirmiş ve televizyon kanallarının kurumsal sosyal medya hesapları birbiri ardına açılmaya başlamıştır. İlk başta televizyon yayıncılığı, yayınlanacak içeriklerin bu “yeni” ortamda duyurulmasıyla yetinmiştir. Ancak kısa zaman içerisinde sosyal medya platformları, video paylaşım platformları ve web siteleri üzerinden içeriklerin paylaşıldığı, platformlar arasında içerik akışlarının oluşturulduğu bir sosyal TV yayıncılığına geçilmiştir. Televizyon yayıncılığı ile sosyal medya arasındaki bu çok yönlü etkileşim, karmaşık bir televizyon yayıncılığına zemin oluşturmaktadır. Bu gelişmeler doğrultusunda bu araştırma, “Televizyon yayıncılığının kurumsal sosyal medya pratikleri nelerdir?” sorusuna yanıt aramaktadır. Bu kapsamda TRT çatısı altında yayın yapan 12 televizyon kanalının kurumsal sosyal medya hesapları 01.09.2021- 30.09.2021 tarihleri arasındaki nicel araştırma yöntemi ve basit rastlantısal örneklem tekniği kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda TRT çatısı altında yayın yapan her bir televizyon kanalının ayrı bir sosyal medya hesabının olduğu oldukça girift bir yapılanmanın bulunduğu, hesaplar arasında içeriklerin yeniden dolayımlandığı ve içerik yönetim pratiklerinde farklılıklar oluştuğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer yandan sosyal TV yapılanmasına bakıldığında televizyon yayıncılığı ve sosyal medya platformları arasında çok yönlü bir çapraz medya içerik dolaşımı oluşturulsa da transmedya tabanlı dijital anlatımların ve etkileşimli TV programların bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. TRT Arşiv sitesi üzerinden, TRT’de yayımlanmış tarihi değere sahip içeriklerin internet üzerinden açık erişime açılması ise televizyon yayıncılığı için önemli bir adım oluşturmuştur.
Kovid-19 Hakkında Komplo Teorisi İçeren Dijital İçeriklerin Biçimsel Özellikleri ve Yayılım Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkiye Yönelik Bir Analiz
Authors: KUŞ Oğuz
Published: January 2022

Kovid-19 aşıları hakkında komplo teorilerinin sosyal ağlarda dolaşıma girdiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada kovid-19 bağlamında aşı karşıtı komplo teorilerini içeren tweetler analiz edilmiş ve tweetlerin biçimsel özellikleri ile yayılım düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki sorgulanmıştır. #SalgınYalanAşıOlmuyorum hashtaginden toplanan 1113 tweetin biçimsel özellikleri nicel içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiş ve hipotezleri test etmek üzere Ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. Yüksek karakter sayısı kullanım düzeyi olan tweetlerin yüksek düzeyde yayılım gösteren tweetler arasındaki payının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bulgular düşük hashtag kullanım düzeyi ve düşük kişi etiketi kullanım düzeyine sahip tweetlerin yüksek düzeyde yayılım gösteren tweetler arasındaki payının yüksek olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Aşı karşıtı tweetlerdeki bu biçimsel özellikleri anlamak aşı kabulünü artırabilecek nitelikli bilgilerin Tweetosphere’de çoğaltılabilmesi ve bu nitelikli içeriğin etkisinin artırılabilmesi için pratiğe yönelik bir önem taşımaktadır. Diğer yandan, içeriğin biçimsel boyutunun yayılımla ilişkisine ışık tutarak gelecek araştırmalarda göz önünde bulundurulabilecek yeni değişkenler sunmaktadır. Bu durum, aşı karşıtlığı ve komplo teorileri bağlamındaki araştırmaların derinleşebilmesi ve yeni çözüm önerileri sunabilmesi için bir potansiyel sunmaktadır.
Dijital Tüketim Kültürü: Dijital Kitle İletişim Araçları İle Tüketim Kültürü Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: SADAKAOĞLU Mustafa C. , GENÇ Feryal
Published: January 2022

Çalışma, modern insanın sahip olduğu tüketim alışkanlıklarıyla iletişim ihtiyaçlarını deneyimleme biçimi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu maksatla dijital kitle iletişim araçları ile sosyal paylaşım ağlarının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte tüketim kültüründe meydana gelen değişimin yönü ve yoğunluğu tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel varsayımı; yirmi birinci yüzyılın başından itibaren dijital kitle iletişim araçları olarak tarif edilen internet, mikro elektronik, bilgisayar teknolojileri ile telekomünikasyon altyapısında kaydedilen ilerlemelerin iletişim olgusunun deneyimlenme biçiminde ve tüketim kültüründe köklü değişimler meydana getirmesidir. Buna göre; tüketiciler satın almak istedikleri herhangi bir ürün hakkında fiyat, yer ve ikame ürünlerden oluşan bilgilere kolayca ulaşabilmekte ancak dijital kitle iletişim araçlarının güçlü etkileri çerçevesinde dönüşen tüketim kültürü dâhilinde çok daha fazla yönlendirmeye maruz kalmaktadır. Bu durum, dijital kitle iletişim araçlarının sahip olduğu algoritmaların etkisiyle tüketicileri daha fazla satın alma davranışı göstermeye teşvik etmesi ve tüketicilere satın aldıkları ürünler aracılığıyla kendilerini ifade edecekleri yeni bir iletişim evreni sunmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla değişen iletişim deneyiminin tüketim kültürü çerçevesinde ele alınmasına duyulan ihtiyaç büyümekte ve bu konuda yapılacak çalışmaların önem kazanmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmanın neticesinde; nitel çözümleme yöntemiyle bir dizi karşılaştırma ve değerlendirme yapılabilmesi için dijital iletişim deneyimi ile tüketim kültürü arasındaki ilişkinin “dijital tüketim kültürü” kavramı üzerinden açıklanması gerektiği sonucuna varılmaktadır.
Sztuczna iluminacja miasta odpornego
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Kowalski Miłosz
Published: January 2022

Jednym z niedocenianych elementów struktury miejskiej, w szczególności struktury miasta odpornego (resilient city), jest sztuczna iluminacja przestrzeni publicznych. Zbyt często rozumie się ją jedynie jako aspekt funkcjonalny, inżynierski, podlegający czynnikom ekonomicznym. Jednakże sztuczna iluminacja rozumiana jako element czytelności kompozycji struktury przestrzeni miejskich, a co za tym idzie, przejaw rozwiązań estetycznych i kompozycyjnych, winna podlegać świadomym zasadom projektowania, podobnie jak struktury urbanistyczne i architektoniczne.
Miasto odporne a dostępność piesza. Analiza założeń planistycznych i ich realizacji w wybranym obszarze Nowej Huty
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Wolarek Ada
Published: January 2022

Tematem artykułu jest problematyka pieszej dostępności w kontekście tworzenia miast odpornych. Na podstawie analizy oryginalnych planów Nowej Huty sprawdzono stopień, w jakim pierwotne założenia odnosiły się do tego problemu. Opracowana metoda badawcza pozwala określić skalę oddziaływania danych cech, ich realizację oraz stan obecny. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie obszarów potencjalnych działań na osiedlu Szkolnym, mogących wpłynąć na jakość dostępności pieszej i odporności całej jednostki.
Contextualism of architecture in Warmia and Mazury
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Sobol Patryk
Published: January 2022

When discussing the issue of the context of architecture, it is important to pay attention to the possibilities of impact and connections between the building and is surroundings. Some buildings are connected with the area in terms of functionality, others in terms of history and others in terms of nature. Different styles of finishes, materials or forms directly affect the dialogue between the architecture and nature. This issue is worth discussing in more detail in order to understand the reasons why the architecture of Warmia and Mazury stands out among other regions of Poland. What makes its unique finishes co-create some of the most picturesque landscapes in Poland?
Zachowanie naturalnego środowiska przyrodniczego w ramach współczesnych rozwiązań architektonicznych. Świerkocin na Mazurach
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Solewska Natalia
Published: January 2022

Celem pracy jest poszerzenie świadomości projektantów dotyczącej wpływu obiektu architektonicznego na różnorodność biologiczną naturalnych ekosystemów na konkretnym przykładzie środowiska miejscowości Świerkocin. W artykule przedstawiono rozwiązania architektoniczne z zakresu ochrony przed zanieczyszczeniem świetlnym i krajobrazu. Uniwersalność omówionych rozwiązań pozwala na ich zastosowanie zarówno w Świerkocinie, jak i w innych miejscach o podobnej charakterystyce.
Agroturystyka w rozwoju przestrzennym pogranicza Warmii i Mazur. Studium przypadku Świerkocina
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Stanek Dawid
Published: January 2022

Artykuł jest wynikiem badań możliwego wpływu agroturystyki na rozwój przestrzenny pogranicza Warmii i Mazur na podstawie studium przypadku wsi Świerkocin. Wykorzystano metodę analizy krytycznej oraz badania in situ dla zakresu wsi Świerkocin oraz regionu, mającego bezpośredni wpływ na omawianą miejscowość. Potencjał zaistnienia struktur agroturystycznych został omówiony na tym przykładzie ze względu na dogodną lokalizację oraz kierunki rozwoju proponowane przez władze powiatowe. Wieś posiada sprzyjające warunki dla rozwoju struktur agroturystycznych, związane z bardzo niską intensywnością zabudowy, charakterystycznym archetypem architektonicznym, rozwiniętą aktywnością turystyczną oraz lokalizacją w naturalnych obszarach Pojezierza Mazurskiego. Artykuł przedstawia potencjał rozwoju agroturystki w Świerkocinie na podstawie analiz znaczenia tej formy turystyki zarówno w całej Polsce, jak i w regionie pogranicza Warmii i Mazur.
Stadniny konne jako potencjał regionalizmu w rozwoju turystyki Warmii i Mazur
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Krzyżanowska Klaudia
Published: January 2022

W artykule przedstawiony został aspekt regionalizmu, jakim są stadniny koni na Warmii i Mazurach wraz z rolą, jaką odgrywają w rozwoju turystyki. Na przykładzie jednych z najstarszych i najbardziej reprezentacyjnych ośrodków, znajdujących się na wyjątkowo charakterystycznej dla omawianego obszaru trasie turystycznej – Szlaku Konnym im. Marion Dönhoff, przeanalizowano wpływ ich obecności na rozwój cennych przyrodniczo terenów.
Europejski Zielony Ład w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju miast jako remedium na kryzys ekologiczny i pandemię
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Brach Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Doświadczenie pandemii COVID-19 oraz narastający kryzys klimatyczny wymusiły podjęcie skuteczniejszych działań naprawczych. Jednym z nich jest strategia Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu definiująca podstawowe obszary problemowe i zakres niezbędnych zmian. Artykuł przedstawia tendencje w działaniach proekologicznych i postpandemicznych, mające wpływ na współczesny paradygmat urbanizacji w skali miasta „sąsiedzkiego” przy jednoczesnej trosce o środowisko.
Miejsce kościoła w strukturze wsi na przykładzie wybranych wsi polskiego Zamagurza Spiskiego
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, Korzeniowska Agata
Published: January 2022

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki lokalizacji i roli kościoła w historycznych strukturach wiejskich w powiązaniu z życiem społeczności. Na podstawie wybranych wsi polskiej części Zamagurza Spiskiego wskazano czynniki warunkujące główne przekształcenia struktur od czasu powstania do współczesności. Badany obszar, zróżnicowany krajobrazowo, był miejscem styku prądów kulturowych, religijnych oraz politycznych. W efekcie powstały odmienne morfologicznie układy, w których funkcjonowanie instytucji kościelnych, będąc każdorazowo wyrazem potrzeb religijnych społeczności, warunkowane było silnie przez specyfikę miejsca, w tym krajobraz.
Mapping Affinities
Authors: Rodighiero Dario
Published: January 2022

The important process of flattening and decentralizing organizations starts first by understanding their structure. Mapping Affinities by Dario Rodighiero introduces an important network visualization model to map large organizations in order to foster collaboration and autonomy. This is a much-needed effort. — MANUEL LIMA The diagrammatic mapping produced by Dario Rodighiero’s designs combines the complexity of esoteric insight with the clarity of rational logic. This well-formulated approach promises to produce ways of ‘reading’ massive quantities of current data so that its statistical richness becomes graphically legible. In the process, the transformation of mere information into schematic visualizations exposes latent, actual, and potential affinities through a practice suggestive of digital alchemy. This is fascinating work, full of possibilities. — JOHANNA DRUCKER
The Importance of Expertly Evaluated Tests Underlined by COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini Review
Authors: Segulja Dragana
Published: January 2022

Background: The joint interest of clinicians and the laboratory test industry during the recent pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in an explosion of accessible assays for COVID-19 serological testing. Content: The need of properly evaluated laboratory tests is more apparent today than ever before. Clinical application of the assay, analytical specifications, and performance convenience are the key criteria that must be followed while selecting an analytical method. An analytical evaluation is always performed before deciding to apply a procedure in the laboratory routine practice. Summary: Only after the evaluation, data collection, and analysis of the results in accordance with the established eligibility criteria can be concluded that the new assay is suitable for laboratory use.
Risk Factors for Sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in Mexico
Authors: Villegas-Velasquez Ilse Lizeth , Pascual-Mathey Luz Irene , Valenzuela-Limon Olga Lidia , Molina-Prior Patricia Elisa , Locia-Espinoza Jose , Perez Ezri Cruz , Perez-Vasquez Magda Olivia
Published: January 2022

Neonatal Sepsis (NS) is a systemic infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses during the first month of life. Although various studies have identified the factors associated with NS, it is a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a tertiary hospital in Mexico. A case-control study was carried out using records of neonates (with sepsis 39 and without sepsis 39) from January to December 2017. The risk factors studied were the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the mother and clinics of the neonate. The data were analyzed using the Chi2 test, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, and the Odds Ratio (OR). The risk factors associated with NS were gestational age (OR 0.77, CI 95% = 0.64-0.91, p = 0.004), newborn weight (OR 0.45, CI95% = 0.23-0.86, p = 0.017) and days of hospital stay (OR 1.06, CI95% = 1.02-1.10, p = 0.0014). The mother's sociodemographic and clinical factors were not associated with NS. Risk factors associated with NS were gestational age, newborn weight, and days of hospital stay.
Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii among Internally Displaced Women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan with Home Obstetric History
Authors: S Saddam , Ali Ghadir , Rehman Abdul , Shahzad Asim
Published: January 2022

The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate and to identify risk factors of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii among internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan with home obstetric history. A total of 387 blood samples were collected from internally displaced infected women with the help of a comprehensive filled data form. To determine levels of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii Infection, all blood samples were qualitative and quantitative analyzed using Immune chromatographic and Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) technique. Among 387 blood samples, the total numbers of reactive samples observed were 341 (88.11%) and non-reactive samples were 46 (11.88%). Of 341 (88.11%) reactive samples, the highest ratio 168 (49.26%) was reported for the co-infection of Cytomegalovirus and Rubella, followed by 76 (22.28%) for Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii combined. In reactive samples, the highest ratio of IgG was noted in order of CMV 22 (64.70%), Rubella 21 (67.74%) and Toxoplasma gondii 16 (72.72%), followed by IgG+IgM and IgM only. Regarding age-wise distribution, the highest ratio 144 (90.56%) of total reactive samples of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii was reported in the 25-32 years old group of individuals. Similarly, the highest ratio 53 (48.18%) and 60 (41.66%) of co-infection among reactive samples for Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella was observed in 18-24 and 25-32 years old group. Further, the highest ratio of 100 (40.32%) of risk factors was observed in infected patients who were exposed to a poor hygienic environment and 57 (44.18%) of infected patients had complications of Severe UTI followed by others. Hence, it was revealed that Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii infection was most prevalent in internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan. Therefore, an urgent base prophylactic approaches should need to be addressed to reduce the risk of the spread of disease in this locality.