bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A moradia estudantil universitária como tema na produção científica nacional
Authors: Garrido Edleusa Nery , Mercuri Elizabeth Nogueira Gomes da Silva
Published: July 2013

O estudo teve como propósito realizar uma análise da produção científica nacional sobre moradias estudantis universitárias. Foram consultadas as principais bases de dados nacionais e sítios eletrônicos de diversas instituições brasileiras de ensino superior. Localizaram-se 23 estudos, publicados entre 2000 e 2009. O resultado da análise dos objetivos das produções apontou diferentes focos, agrupados em três categorias: o estudante morador, a moradia estudantil e as ações da assistência estudantil. Embora haja ampla produção científica estrangeira voltada ao estudo das moradias universitárias, a nacional ainda é escassa e a visão da moradia como espaço de formação está pouco presente. Sugerem-se investigações que busquem conhecer a realidade desses ambientes e os impactos produzidos sobre os estudantes. Tendo em vista que as moradias estudantis são de responsabilidade institucional, acredita-se que tais estudos possam subsidiar medidas que garantam adequadas condições de formação do universitário.
Projeto Pedagógico de Curso e formação do psicólogo: uma proposta de análise
Authors: Seixas Pablo Sousa , Coelho-Lima Fellipe , Silva Suzany Gadelha , Yamamoto Oswaldo Hajime
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste texto foi expor uma estratégia de análise de Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos (PPC) de Psicologia no Brasil. Compreende-se o PPC como um documento complexo e multideterminado, atravessado tanto pelas políticas educacionais quanto pelos anseios dos cursos, constituindo-se como um material importante para o estudo da formação do psicólogo. Contudo, a literatura não tem conseguido concatenar a aplicação de estratégias analíticas amplas a um grande número de casos. Construiu-se a presente estratégia a partir da legislação e literatura acerca da formação do psicólogo no país, bem como da leitura livre e categorizações de diferentes PPCs. Agruparam-se as informações desse documento em três blocos de discussões - fundamentos teóricos, filosóficos e pedagógicos; ênfases curriculares e disciplinas; práticas profissionais -, com as suas respectivas categorias analíticas. Considera-se que essa estratégia serve como inspiração para pesquisadores que se propõem a investigar a formação do psicólogo ou outros profissionais de nível superior.
Resultados de biopsia guiada por tomografía axial computarizada en el síndrome de destrucción vertebral, evaluados en dos instituciones distintas
Authors: Zarate-Kalfopulos Barón , García-Valerio José Ernesto , Sánchez-Bringas Guadalupe , Rosales-Olivares Luis Miguel , Alpizar-Aguirre Armando , Reyes-Sánchez Alejandro
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar resultados de biopsias vertebrales guiadas por tomografía axial computarizada, reportados por dos servicios de Anatomía Patológica distintos en pacientes con síndrome de destrucción vertebral para confirmar confiabilidad y utilidad en el diagnóstico. MÉTODOS: Se obtuvieron muestras de tejido de 21 pacientes en el periodo comprendido del 1 de marzo al 15 de julio del 2011 con el diagnóstico del síndrome de destrucción vertebral y a quienes se les realizó biopsia guiada por tomografía axial computarizada. Las muestras se enviaron en forma cegada a dos servicios de patología distintos. Los resultados fueron analizados con el método de comparación de dos proporciones. RESULTADOS: 14 pacientes fueron del género masculino (67%) y 7 del femenino (23%), edades de 28-82, con afección principalmente lumbar (48%) y torácica (38%); afectados en una vértebra en 62%, en dos en un 33% y en 3 o más niveles en 5%. Las vértebras más afectadas fueron L1, L2 y L3 (12/30 [40%]), T4 (3/30 [10%]) y T9 (3/30 [10%]). Los resultados se agruparon en categorías: 1. Osteomielitis (9/21 [43%]), 2. Tumores (7/21 [33%]), 3. Metástasis (3/21 [14%]), 4. Tejido normal (2/21 [10%]), 5. Inflamación (0/21 [0%]), 6. Muestra inadecuada (0/21 [0%]), 7. Mal de Pott (0/21 [0%]). CONCLUSIONES: De acuerdo a los valores de Z obtenidos mediante la prueba de comparación de dos proporciones no se encontró diferencia significativa entre los resultados reportados por dos los dos servicios de patología en el síndrome estudiado, determinándose que esta parte del proceso es confiable y útil en un 90%.
Evolução dos questionários Oswestry 2.0 e do componente físico (PCS) do SF-36 durante o primeiro ano de pós-operatório de artrodese da coluna lombar em doenças degenerativas
Authors: Bechara Alexandre Henrique Silveira , Zuiani Guilherme Rebechi , Risso Neto Marcelo Ítalo , Cavali Paulo Tadeu Maia , Veiga Ivan Guidolin , Pasqualini Wagner , Landim Elcio
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a melhora clínica dos pacientes submetidos a descompressão e artrodese lombar póstero-lateral por doença degenerativa, avaliando a evolução dos escores do questionário Oswestry 2.0 e pelo componente físico (PCS) da escala SF-36. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 19 pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de doença degenerativa de disco (hérnia de disco, estenose lombar ou espondilolistese degenerativa) submetidos à descompressão e artrodese póstero-lateral. Todos os pacientes incluídos em nosso estudo responderam aos questionários Oswestry 2.0 e SF-36 em cinco momentos diferentes: no período pré-operatório e após 45, 90, 180 e 360 dias de cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Os escores dos questionários Oswestry 2.0 e do componente físico (PCS) do SF-36 dos 19 pacientes mostraram melhora significativa (p<0,001 e p=0,004 respectivamente) ao longo de um ano de seguimento pós-operatório. Não houve diferença significativa de melhora desses escores quando feita comparação entre os diagnósticos (hérnia de disco, estenose lombar ou espondilolistese degenerativa), o sexo dos pacientes e entre os indivíduos com idade até cinquenta anos e aqueles acima de cinquenta anos. CONCLUSÃO: Houve uma melhora dos escores nos questionários de Oswestry 2.0 e do componente físico (PCS) do SF-36 nos pacientes com doença degenerativa da coluna lombar sem resposta ao tratamento conservador, que foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com descompressão e artrodese após um ano de seguimento pós-operatório.
Comparação da mobilidade, força muscular e medo de cair em idosas caidoras e não caidoras
Authors: Pimentel Iara , Scheicher Marcos Eduardo
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVOS: Verificar o medo de cair em idosas caidoras e não caidoras ativas fisicamente e comparar mobilidade e força de preensão palmar; verificar se existe relação entre mobilidade, força muscular e medo de quedas. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 40 idosas ativas, idade ≥ 60 anos, divididas em caidoras (n = 20) e não caidoras (n = 20). Utilizou-se Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para rastreio cognitivo; Falls Efficacy Scale-International-Brasil (FES-I-BRASIL) para avaliar o medo de cair; a força muscular foi mensurada pela medida da força de preensão palmar por meio de dinamômetro hidráulico; Timed Up and Go (TUG) para avaliar mobilidade funcional. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada diferença significante entre os grupos no que diz respeito à mobilidade e força muscular. A maioria das participantes (92,5%) demonstrou preocupação com quedas. Das idosas que levaram mais que 12 segundos para desempenhar o TUG, 53,84% eram do grupo caidor. Não foi encontrada correlação entre mobilidade e força muscular. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observada diferença significativa entre força muscular, mobilidade e medo de quedas entre os grupos. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre mobilidade, força muscular e medo de quedas. O estudo permitiu observar que o medo de cair está presente na maioria da população idosa, com ou sem história de quedas.
Mobilidade funcional em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados
Authors: Souza Cibele Cardenaz de , Valmorbida Luiza Armani , Oliveira Juliana Pezzi de , Borsatto Alice Carvalho , Lorenzini Marta , Knorst Mara Regina , Melo Denizar , Creutzberg Marion , Resende Thais de Lima
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Quedas são importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade na terceira idade, com consequências que vão desde pequenas lesões até a morte. A medida da mobilidade funcional pode ser usada para predizer o risco de quedas e para mensurar o resultado de intervenções que busquem reduzi-lo. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar e comparar uma medida de mobilidade funcional em idosos residentes na comunidade e em uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI), e verificar sua relação com idade e sexo nos diferentes locais de moradia. MATERIAIS e MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, 413 idosos, sendo 72 institucionalizados (80,9 ± 8,1anos; 53 mulheres) e 341 da comunidade (69,8 ± 7,5 anos; 269 mulheres). Para avaliar o grau de mobilidade funcional, foi utilizado o teste do levantar e caminhar cronometrados (TUG). RESULTADOS: Não foi detectada diferença estatística entre as médias do TUG apresentadas pelos sexos, tanto na comunidade (p>0,05), quanto na ILPI (p>0,05). Homens e mulheres residentes na ILPI apresentaram média de TUG significativamente maior que homens e mulheres da comunidade (p<0,01). Foi detectada diferença significativa entre as médias de TUG, quando comparadas em termos de faixa etária (p=0,003). CONCLUSÃO: A mobilidade funcional é maior entre os idosos que residem na comunidade, os quais, portanto, apresentam menor risco de quedas. Homens e mulheres apresentam nível semelhante de desempenho na mobilidade funcional, a qual decresce com a idade, em todas as faixas etárias. Sugerem-se intervenções que auxiliem ambos os grupos a melhorarem sua mobilidade e, portanto, a diminuir o risco de quedas.
Repensando o fenômeno do envelhecimento na agenda política das cidades: a importância da promoção da mobilidade de pedestres
Authors: Santinha Gonçalo , Marques Sara
Published: July 2013

As cidades confrontam-se atualmente com o duplo desafio de se assumirem cada vez mais enquanto polos de atração e aglutinadores de cidadãos e de concentrarem uma população tendencialmente em envelhecimento. Se é certo que várias orientações têm sido definidas no sentido de fomentar um novo olhar para a relação cidades/envelhecimento, não é menos verdade que a visão preconizada, compreensivelmente holística (abarcando temas como inclusão social, comunicação, emprego, habitação e transportes) carece de alguma especificidade e esclarecimento quanto à qualidade do espaço público e aos fatores que condicionam e geram maior mobilidade por parte dos cidadãos (em geral) e das pessoas idosas (em particular). Num contexto em que se salientam as questões de promoção de atratividade dos espaços enquanto mecanismos indutores de desenvolvimento econômico, por um lado, e em que se verifica a emergência de uma nova visão dos cuidados a prestar às pessoas idosas, designadamente ao apostar na sua permanência na comunidade (ageing in place), por outro, a temática em discussão revela-se de importância acrescida para a formulação de políticas públicas. Centrando-se essencialmente no domínio da organização territorial dos serviços e da mobilidade de pedestres, este texto procura contribuir para o debate, sublinhando sua importância, analisando a bibliografia existente e identificando as principais áreas de intervenção a considerar na construção de uma comunidade que proporcione às pessoas idosas condições que permitam otimizar as capacidades individuais e manter uma qualidade de vida saudável.
Infraestrutura e adesão à higienização das mãos: desafios à segurança do paciente
Authors: Bathke Janaína , Cunico Priscila de Almeida , Maziero Eliane Cristina Sanches , Cauduro Fernanda Leticia Frates , Sarquis Leila Maria Mansano , Cruz Elaine Drehmer de Almeida
Published: July 2013

Considerando a importância das mãos na cadeia de transmissão de microrganismos, esta pesquisa observacional investigou a infraestrutura material e a adesão à higienização das mãos em unidade de terapia intensiva do sul do Brasil, em 2010. Os dados foram coletados por observação direta não participante e emprego de instrumento autoaplicável a 39 profissionais, analisados com auxílio de Teste do χ², estatística descritiva e análise de discurso quantitativa. Embora os profissionais superestimem a adesão, reconheçam a prática como relevante para a prevenção de infecções e refiram não haver fatores de impedimento, entre 1277 oportunidades observadas, a adesão foi de 28,6%, e significativamente menor antes do contato e dos procedimentos assépticos do que após o contato com o paciente. A infraestrutura apresentou-se deficiente em funcionalidade. Os resultados implicam risco para a segurança dos pacientes, sendo relevante o planejamento de ações corretivas e que promovam essa prática.
Mães de crianças com deficiência visual: dificuldades e facilidades enfrentadas no cuidado
Authors: Pintanel Aline Campelo , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Xavier Daiani Modernel
Published: July 2013

Objetivou-se conhecer as dificuldades e facilidades enfrentadas pelas mães de crianças com deficiência visual (DV) no cuidado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, realizada no segundo semestre de 2011, com dez mães de crianças com deficiência visual, de um Centro de Educação para deficientes visuais, no sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo temática das informações. Foram verificados como dificuldades o desconhecimento acerca da doença e da forma de cuidar da criança, a falta de acesso aos serviços de saúde, a sobrecarga pela dependência da criança, a falta de apoio e o preconceito na própria família. Quanto às facilidades, foram referidos a vontade do desenvolvimento saudável das crianças, a convivência com profissionais qualificados para sua educação e o contato com outras crianças com DV. Faz-se importante a instrumentalização da família para o cuidado à criança com DV como forma de garantir a aquisição de habilidades e competências, possibilitando-a um viver com qualidade.
Perfil dos pacientes e carga de trabalho de enfermagem na unidade de nefrologia
Authors: Trepichio Priscilla Branco , Guirardello Edinêis de Brito , Duran Erika Christiane Marocco , Brito Ana Paula de
Published: July 2013

A doença renal crônica, frequentemente silenciosa, pode resultar em mudanças consideráveis na vida do indivíduo, e, dependendo do seu estágio, requer internações para tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico, o que demanda horas de enfermagem na assistência. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo que objetivou descrever o perfil dos pacientes internados na unidade de nefrologia e mensurar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o Nursing Activities Score,durante 47 dias consecutivos. Os pacientes foram, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, adulto jovem, em estágio crônico da doença e internados para transplante renal. A média da carga foi de 52%, correspondendo a 12,5 horas de assistência, por paciente, nas 24 horas. Esse perfil se assemelha aos pacientes assistidos na unidade de terapia intensiva, tornando importante para o gerente de enfermagem reavaliar o quadro de pessoal para a assistência, e outros estudos serão necessários para reavaliar a carga requerida por esse perfil de pacientes.
Produção da subjetividade do enfermeiro e a tomada de decisão no processo de cuidar
Authors: Busanello Josefine , Lunardi Filho Wilson Danilo , Kerber Nalú Pereira da Costa
Published: July 2013

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender a relação entre a produção da subjetividade do Enfermeiro e a tomada de decisão no processo de cuidar, em Enfermagem. Foi adotado o delineamento qualitativo de pesquisa. O cenário investigativo foi um hospital filantrópico do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes do estudo foram doze Enfermeiros atuantes nessa instituição. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a técnica do grupo focal, com três encontros focais, realizados em dezembro de 2011. Os resultados foram apresentados em categorias temáticas: Sistema Capitalista: a manutenção do vínculo empregatício; Sistema de submissão: cultura institucional e visão da sociedade; Sistema de hierarquias na Enfermagem; e Sistema de valores: sentimento de culpa e falta de valorização profissional. O sistema capitalista é o principal mediador do comportamento que prevalece na tomada de decisão na prática de cuidados de Enfermagem.
Significado de conviver com fixação externa por fratura exposta grau III em membros inferiores: o olhar do paciente
Authors: Lopez Catia Cristina Gomes , Gamba Mônica Antar , Matheus Maria Clara Cassuli
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o significado de conviver com fixação externa por fratura exposta grau III em membros inferiores, sob o olhar do paciente. Os dados foram coletados com seis adultos jovens que faziam tratamento ambulatorial ortopédico, em um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com questões abertas, entre junho e agosto de 2010. Na busca do significado desta vivência, mantivemos uma atitude fenomenológica na análise, o que propiciou desvelar o fenômeno "buscar viver apesar de se sentir preso em uma gaiola". Os pacientes apontam que é o desejo pessoal e apoio de outras pessoas que propiciam a reorganização de suas vidas, apesar dos inúmeros desafios que precisam superar para adaptarem-se ao fixador acoplado ao seu corpo, do medo que sentem em relação ao futuro e das dúvidas quanto ao tratamento.
Cover crops on the development of beggar's-tick
Authors: Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Monteiro Marinete Martins de Sousa , Petter Fabiano André , Alcântara Neto Francisco de , Almeida Fernandes Antônio de
Published: July 2013

Studies to identify potential cover crops species for the no-till system and minimal amounts of biomass required to reduce the emergence and development of weeds in cereal crop areas may represent an important tool in the integrated weed management. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the inhibition of the emergence and growth of Bidens pilosa plants, using different cover crops biomass levels on the soil surface. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse located in Bom Jesus, Piauí State, Brazil, from December 2011 to March 2012, in a randomized experimental blocks design with four replications, in a (5x6)+1 factorial scheme, consisting of six cover crop species and five biomass levels on the soil surface, plus a control with no soil cover. The species evaluated were Pennisetum glaucum (ADR 7010 and ADR 300 cultivars), Crotalaria ochroleuca, Urochloa ruziziensis (syn. Brachiaria ruziziensis), Crambe abyssinica and Fagopyrum tataricum, at five biomass levels corresponding to 4.0 t ha-1, 8.0 t ha-1, 12.0 t ha-1, 16.0 t ha-1 and 20.0 t ha-1. Urochloa ruziziensis and Fagopyrum tataricum were considered the best ones for controlling B. pilosa, with 4.0 t ha-1 of their biomass being sufficient to reduce the total number of emerged plants, germination speed index, shoot dry biomass, leaf area, root dry biomass and root volume of B. pilosa.
In vitro release of diclofenac diethylamine from gels: evaluation of generic semisolid drug products in Brazil
Authors: Goebel Karin , Sato Mayumi Eliza Otsuka , Souza Dayse Fernanda de , Murakami Fábio Seigi , Andreazza Itamar Francisco
Published: July 2013

In order for the pharmacological action of a topical dermal drug product to occur, the drug must first be released from the vehicle to be available to penetrate the skin layers and reach the site of action. Drug release is mainly dependent on the characteristics of the formulation. Currently, to register a generic or a similar drug product in Brazil performance testing of topical drug products for local action is not required. In this context, this aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro release of commercial diclofenac diethylamine gel products available on the Brazilian pharmaceutical market, using the vertical diffusion cell method. Factors which may influence the test, such as the type of membrane used, and the effect of the formulation characteristics on the diffusion rate were evaluated. Brazilian legislation currently allows generic drug products to contain excipients other than the reference drug, which may affect the drug release from the vehicle. Only one of the four generic drug products tested could be considered equivalent to the reference Cataflam Emulgel®. The cellulose acetate and polyethersulfone membranes tested were found to be interchangeable in the in vitro release studies carried out on this product.
Influence of particle size on appearance and in vitro efficacy of sunscreens
Authors: Silva Débora Granemann e , Sarruf Fernanda Daud , Oliveira Larissa Carolina Diniz de , Arêas Elizabeth Pinheiro Gomes , Kaneko Telma Mary , Consiglieri Vladi Olga , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles , Baby André Rolim
Published: July 2013

Nanotechnology applies to diverse sectors of science. In cosmetic area, investments have strengthened the idea that nanoproducts provide innumerable benefits to consumers. Extreme exposition to solar light can cause undesirable effects, thus, adding UV filters in cosmetic products are often used as prevention. Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and benzophenone-3 are UV filters widely used in sunscreen formulations, this UV filters absorb UVB and UVA radiation, respectively. In this study, sunscreen formulations were developed as nano and macroemulsion, but composed by the same raw material. Nanoemulsion was obtained by phase inversion temperature method (PIT). Physical and functional properties were evaluated by visual analysis, particle size distribution and by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. Achieved nanoemulsion showed bluish brightness aspect, less apparent consistency than macroemulsion, stability longer than 48 hours (22.0 ± 2.0 °C) and bimodal particle size distribution with average (mean) sizes around 10 nm (61%) and 4.5 µm (39%). Macroemulsion showed milky aspect, higher consistency than nanoemulsion, instability after 48 hours (22.0 ± 2.0 °C) and bimodal particle size distribution with average (mean) size around 202 nm (9%) and 10.4 µm (91%). Effectiveness profile of sunscreen formulations remained apparently similar, based on achieved results of in vitro SPF, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength assays.
Synthesis and characterization of a cysteine xyloglucan conjugate as mucoadhesive polymer
Authors: Bhalekar Mangesh , Sonawane Savita , Shimpi Shamkant
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to improve the mucoadhesive potential of xyloglucan polymer by the covalent attachment of cysteine as thiol moiety. The parent polymer xyloglucan was chemically modified by introducing sulphydryl bearing compound L-cysteine HCl. Different batches of xyloglucan-cysteine conjugates were prepared at varying reaction pH (2-6) and evaluated for optimum thiol incorporation, disulphide group content, swelling behavior, rheological properties and mucoadhesive properties. The obtained conjugates characterized in vitro by quantification of immobilized thiol groups; showed maximum thiol incorporation on xyloglucan (7.67 ± 0.14 %) at pH 5. The disulphide group content was found maximum (2.83 ± 0.12) at pH 6. The water uptake at end of 4 h was 5.0 for xyloglucan and was found to decrease in thiolated derivatives with increase in thiolation. Mucoadhesion studies revealed that mucoadhesion of xyloglucan-cysteine conjugate increased more than twice compared to the unmodified polymer. The viscosity of thiomer was more than that of xyloglucan because of formation of disulphide bonds.
Cellular and molecular effects of electromagnetic radiation and sonic waves
Authors: Froes Meyer Patrícia , Ariel Ronzio Oscar , De Souza da Fonseca Adenilson , Santos-Filho Sebastião David , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: July 2013

Electromagnetic radiation (in the form of pulsed magnetic fields, radiofrequency and intense pulsed light) and mechanical agents (such as sonic waves) have been used in physical therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low-intensity magnetic fields, sonic and radiofrequency waves, and intense pulsed light on the survival of Escherichia coli cultures and on the electrophoretic mobility of plasmid DNA. Exponentially growing E. coli AB1157 cultures and plasmid DNA samples were exposed to these physical agents and 0.9% NaCl (negative control) and SnCl2 (positive control) solutions. Aliquots of the cultures were diluted and spread onto a solidified rich medium. The colony-forming units were counted after overnight incubation and the survival fraction was calculated. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to visualise and quantify the plasmid topological forms. The results suggest that these agents do not alter the survival of E. coli cells or plasmid DNA electrophoresis mobility. Moreover, they do not protect against the lesive action of SnCl2. These physical agents therefore had no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects under the conditions studied.
Public Health, Prevention, and Social Work: The Case of Infant Hearing Loss
Authors: Auerbach Charles , Mason Susan E. , Schudich Wendy Zeitlin , Spivak Lynn , Sokol Heidi
Published: July 2013

This article focuses on the connection between social work practice and prevention in public health by presenting a study on newborns who may have hearing impairments. Newborn hearing screening records from six hospitals in a large suburban health system were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to predict factors related to being fit with hearing aids or loss-to-follow-up. Children with unilateral or conductive losses were less likely to be fit with hearing aids as were children with Medicaid coverage and families living 25 or more miles away from the hearing center. Implications for social work practice are discussed.
Understanding and Addressing the Needs of Parenting Educators: A Focus Group Analysis
Authors: Stolz Heidi E. , Brandon Mary Denise J. , Wallace Heather S. , Roberson Patricia N. E.
Published: July 2013

Research suggests that parenting behaviors are consistently related to child well-being and amendable to change via intervention. However, parenting educators have been historically underresourced. The goals of the present study were to (a) better understand the challenges parenting educators face in their efforts to assist parents and (b) explore the ways a university-based center might address these challenges. We conducted 10 focus groups with parenting educators from various regions in Tennessee. Five themes were identified related to common challenges and needs: access to parents, training and materials, policy-related advocacy, operational resources, and networking opportunities. Additionally, a sixth category of unique or creative recommendations for supporting parent education was extracted. Results offer insights for both outreach-oriented university professionals and family service providers.
Discrete-element modelling of rock breakage using dense random packing agglomerates
Authors: Li H. , McDowell G. R. , Lowndes I.
Published: July 2013

In recent years, agglomerates have been used to investigate the fracture of soil particles and rocks using discrete-element modelling (DEM). Hexagonal closed packing (HCP) and the radius expansion methods are the two most popular algorithms used to produce agglomerates. However, the HCP agglomerates created are highly anisotropic. Agglomerates created by the radius expansion method are too porous and are therefore not dense enough to represent rock. This paper proposes a new method to form dense random packing agglomerates. An agglomerate model that is isotropic and nearly stress-free (there is a small degree of particle overlap) is presented. To achieve agglomerates that mechanically behave like rock, the method produces smaller and smaller particles to fill smaller and smaller voids. The packing density achieved is governed by the ratio of the radius of the largest and smallest spheres. Numerical simulations of diametral crushing tests have been performed on the model agglomerates. Analysis reveals that as the density of the agglomerate increases, the isotropy of the particle improves and the variability of the strength of agglomerates formed from the same size distribution of spheres is reduced.
Functional diversity and management mediate aboveground carbon stocks in small forest fragments
Authors: Ziter Carly , Bennett Elena M. , Gonzalez Andrew
Published: July 2013

Improved landscape connectivity is increasingly considered a viable management strategy to maintain biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services. How landscape structure affects biodiversity, ecosystem services, and their relationship, however, is still unclear in many cases, including the service of climate regulation. The effects of forest fragmentation on carbon storage remain largely unknown, compounded by uncertainty in both the direction and magnitude of the relationship between carbon storage and biodiversity. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation and management on carbon stocks and biodiversity in the Montérégie, QC. We quantified total aboveground carbon stocks in 24 small forest fragments of two sizes (∼10 ha, ∼100 ha), and two levels of connectivity, using a combination of satellite data, field‐based methods, and allometry. We correlated this data with both woody plant species richness and functional dispersion to determine the relationship between biodiversity and carbon stocks in these forest fragments. We found functional dispersion was a significant predictor of aboveground carbon stocks, interacting with forest management and connectivity in this fragmented forest system. Both synergies and tradeoffs between biodiversity and carbon stocks were observed. Unmanaged forest stands stored less carbon on average than managed, but demonstrated a significant positive relationship between functional dispersion and aboveground carbon stocks, corroborating the results of biodiversity‐ecosystem function experiments. The slope of the relationship was significantly greater in connected fragments than isolated, suggesting improved forest connectivity may strengthen the relationship between biodiversity and aboveground carbon stocks in this region. Managed stands exhibited a significant negative relationship, demonstrating that anthropogenic influence can alter the link between biodiversity and carbon stocks in natural systems. Our results suggest that considering management, connectivity, and functional diversity may increase accuracy in estimating landscape level carbon stocks. Additionally, the significant contributions of small forest fragments to regional diversity and service provision emphasizes the important role these fragments can play in conservation efforts.
Help-Seeking Behaviors of South Asian Women Experiencing Domestic Violence in the United States
Authors: Mahapatra Neely , DiNitto Diana M.
Published: July 2013

This study used survey methodology and logistic regression analysis to examine sociocultural factors (isolation, social support, acculturation, and patriarchy) associated with informal and formal help seeking among a community sample of 57 female domestic violence victims of South Asian origin residing in the United States. Of them, 35 (61%) reported seeking some type of help in the past year. Most of the 35 (60%) sought informal help. Participants who were more isolated from their spouse/partner and were not living with children were more likely to seek help. Most women said they sought help from others as a last option. Participants rated the effectiveness of many informal and formal sources of help as “moderately” to “very” helpful. The findings can be used to develop culturally specific intervention programs/services for South Asian women victims of domestic violence.
What Can We Learn From the Controversy Over the Role of Gender in Partner Violence?
Authors: Winstok Zeev
Published: July 2013

The aim of this article is to reexamine the controversy over gender differences in partner violence perpetration and victimization through the following questions:

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What is the controversy about?

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What interests researchers from both sides of the controversy, and how do they perceive partner violence?

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What are the implications of the parties’ different perspectives on how they study and understand partner violence?

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How is the controversy on gender symmetry in partner violence reflected in the discourse of researchers from both sides of the controversy?

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How many sides to the controversy are there?

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Who’s who in which groups? To which group should I assign myself?

Answers to these questions indicate that the controversy over gender differences in partner violence perpetration and victimization cannot be resolved by empirical means. Moreover, it is suggested that the controversy cannot be resolved at all because of its paradigmatic nature. It stems from differing and competing paradigmatic outlooks, which disagree over the identification, definition, and understanding of partner violence. As such, the controversy cannot be mediated, resolved, or settled. Moreover, it does not have to be resolved, for it provides an opportunity to broaden and deepen our knowledge and understanding of the field.
Estimation of Contaminant Subslab Concentration in Vapor Intrusion Including Lateral Source–Building Separation
Authors: Yao Yijun , Shen Rui , Pennell Kelly G. , Suuberg Eric M.
Published: July 2013

Most current vapor‐intrusion screening models employ the assumption of a subsurface homogenous source distribution, and groundwater data obtained from nearby monitoring wells are usually taken to reflect the source concentration for several nearby buildings. This practice makes it necessary to consider the possible influence of lateral source–building separation. In this study, a new way to estimate subslab (nonbiodegradable) contaminant concentration is introduced that includes the influence of source offset with the help of a conformal transform technique. Results from this method are compared with those from a three‐dimensional numerical model. Based on this newly developed method, a possible explanation is provided here for the great variation in the attenuation factors of the soil vapor concentrations of groundwater‐to‐subslab contaminants found in the EPA vapor‐intrusion database.
Environmental Management of Aznalcóllar Mine and Its Influence in the Hydrogeochemical of the Pit lake
Authors: Santofimia E. , López‐Pamo E. , Montero E.
Published: July 2013

Since its 1995 closure and the subsequent 1998 accident, the Aznalcóllar mine pit has been used as a disposal site for diverse metal‐rich materials, such as the polluted soils removed during the cleaning of areas along the Guadiamar River, waste rock, pyrite sludge, and ashes deriving from pyrite roasting. At present, the mining pit is partly flooded and contains a highly acidic (pH 2.7) pit lake with approximately 6 Mm3 of metal and sulphate‐rich water. Recent detailed research performed in the area has proven that the reaction of the lake water with both the dumping mining wastes and the inflow of acid mine waters are strongly modifying the water quality of the pit lake. A major change was identified in the water quality that resulted from the dumping of 1.4 Mm3 of pyritic wastes during 2005 and 2006. The oxidative dissolution of this mineral has resulted in: (1) a total consumption of dissolved oxygen, (2) a notable increase of electric conductivity (from 8.6 to 12 mS/cm) and (3) a strong acidification (pH from 4.2 to 2.7) and an important heating that was observed as a result of the exothermic character of pyrite oxidation. Despite the total lack of oxidizing agents—such as O2 and Fe(III) (Fe[III] < 5% total Fe)—in the pit lake, pyrite is being oxidized with a continuous increase of the SO42− and Fe concentrations.
Mujerista Mentoring for Chicanas/Latinas in Higher Education
Authors: Villaseñor María Joaquina , Reyes María Estefani , Muñoz Imelda
Published: July 2013

In this article, we suggest that just as there are barriers and challenges that are particular to Chicanas/Latinas in terms of student retention and persistence, so must the mentoring offered to these students take into account their particular social, cultural, and gendered contexts. In response, we argue for a model of mujerista mentoring, building on the work of Chicana/Latina feminist scholars and employing Gloria Anzaldua's notion of mestiza consciousness. Mujerista mentoring provides an alternative to traditional mentoring that focuses on assimilation by the protégé into the dominant culture of an institution of higher education. Instead, we suggest the need to bridge the academic, professional, and the personal in a culturally specific framework in order to create more meaningful and enduring mentoring relationships in the service of Chicana/Latina students' academic success.
Retention and Resources: An Exploration of How Social Network Resources Related to University Commitment
Authors: McEwan Bree
Published: July 2013

Universities are increasingly interested in improving student retention. Furthermore, a student's university-affiliated social network may have an impact on how committed a student is to graduating from the university. A questionnaire study was conducted to evaluate the effect of freshmen's perspective of social variables on institutional commitment. Social variables measured included social network size, network satisfaction, and perception of available network resources such as personal, social, and instrumental resources. Regression analyses indicated that perceptions of resources available from the social network were highly correlated with network satisfaction. Satisfaction with one's university-affiliated social network was found to be positively correlated with institutional commitment.
Do Growth-Option Firms Use Less Relative Performance Evaluation?
Authors: Albuquerque Ana Maria
Published: July 2013

The use of relative performance evaluation (RPE) in compensation contracts for CEOs at growth-option (GO) firms that operate in more volatile environments can provide insurance against common exogenous shocks and thus reduce the amount of risk that CEOs face. However, the implementation of RPE for high-GO firms can be impaired by these firms' inability to find a peer group that captures common risk exposure. This paper studies GO firms' reliance on RPE and finds that the use of RPE in CEO compensation contracts varies negatively with a firm's level of growth options. The tests use three proxies for growth options: the market-to-book value of assets, research and development expenses scaled by assets, and a factor obtained from a principal component analysis. The results are robust to controlling for the impact of other firm characteristics on pay-for-performance sensitivities.

Data Availability: All data are obtained from publicly available sources.
A review of thrust-vectoring in support of a V/STOL non-moving mechanical propulsion system
Authors: Páscoa José , Dumas Antonio , Trancossi Michele , Stewart Paul , Vucinic Dean
Published: July 2013

The advantages associated to Vertical Short-Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL) have been demonstrated since the early days of aviation, with the initial technolology being based on airships and later on helicopters and planes. Its operational advantages are enormous, being it in the field of military, humanitarian and rescue operations, or even in general aviation. Helicopters have limits in their maximum horizontal speed and classic V/STOL airplanes have problems associated with their large weight, due to the implementation of moving elements, when based on tilting rotors or turbojet vector mechanical oriented nozzles. A new alternative is proposed within the European Union Project ACHEON (Aerial Coanda High Efficiency Orienting-jet Nozzle). The project introduces a novel scheme to orient the jet that is free of moving elements. This is based on a Coanda effect nozzle supported in two fluid streams, also incorporating boundary layer plasma actuators to achieve larger deflection angles. Herein we introduce a state-of-the-art review of the concepts that have been proposed in the framework of jet orienting propulsion systems. This review allows to demonstrate the advantages of the new concept in comparison to competing technologies in use at present day, or of competing technologies under development worldwide.
Sustainable Washing for Denim Garments by Enzymatic Treatment
Authors: Khan Md Mashiur Rahman , Mondal Md Ibrahim H , Uddin Md Zulhash
Published: July 2013

Denim garment is the most preferred of todays youth. This paper presents the effect of enzyme wash using cellulase enzyme on the properties of denim garments to develop novel design and fashion. Three parameters in enzyme washing namely concentration of enzyme, washing temperature and time at pH 5.5 were considered. To investigate the optimum washing condition, indigo dyed cotton denim garments (trousers) were chosen and processed by enzyme with the concentration of 0.5% to 3.5%, temperature 40°C to 70°C and time 20 min to 60 min for the achievement with desired worn and aged effect. The effect of each parameter is discussed, and denim garments properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, weight loss, stiffness, water absorption, shrinkage, color fading and morphological values by SEM were evaluated. The optimized washing condition for the best value is 2% enzyme concentration at 55°C for 40 min. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15854 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 27-31
Reduction of Postharvest Loss and Prolong the Shelf-Life of Banana through Hot Water Treatment
Authors: Amin Md Nurul , Hossain Md Mosharraf
Published: July 2013

For reducing the post-harvest loss and extension of shelf-life of banana, it is treated with fungicide or combination of fungicide and hot-water treatment. A study was conducted for developing a method to control post-harvest diseases and extension of shelf-life of banana through non-chemical method of hot water treatment. The best treatment combination was found at 53 °C for 9 minutes. Shelf-lives of BARI Kola 1 and Sabri Kola treated with hot water increased by 26 and 27.5%, respectively against untreated fruits. Post-harvest loss (decay and crown rot) of these varieties was reduced, respectively by 95% and 70% against untreated fruits. Firmness of treated fruits for both varieties was found higher than that of untreated fruits during ripening. Total soluble solid, total sugar, acidity and ?-carotene of treated fruits of these varieties increased over untreated fruits. The pH and vitamin C of treated bananas decreased over untreated fruits during ripening. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15857 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 42-47
Emerging Profiles for Cultured Meat; Ethics through and as Design
Authors: Van der Weele Cor , Driessen Clemens
Published: July 2013

The development of cultured meat has gained urgency through the increasing problems associated with meat, but what it might become is still open in many respects. In existing debates, two main moral profiles can be distinguished. Vegetarians and vegans who embrace cultured meat emphasize how it could contribute to the diminishment of animal suffering and exploitation, while in a more mainstream profile cultured meat helps to keep meat eating sustainable and affordable. In this paper we argue that these profiles do not exhaust the options and that (gut) feelings as well as imagination are needed to explore possible future options. On the basis of workshops, we present a third moral profile, “the pig in the backyard”. Here cultured meat is imagined as an element of a hybrid community of humans and animals that would allow for both the consumption of animal protein and meaningful relations with domestic (farm) animals. Experience in the workshops and elsewhere also illustrates that thinking about cultured meat inspires new thoughts on “normal” meat. In short, the idea of cultured meat opens up new search space in various ways. We suggest that ethics can take an active part in these searches, by fostering a process that integrates (gut) feelings, imagination and rational thought and that expands the range of our moral identities.
PARP-1: Friend or Foe of DNA Damage and Repair in Tumorigenesis?
Authors: Swindall Amanda , Stanley Jennifer , Yang Eddy
Published: July 2013

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species can result in DNA damage within cells and subsequently increase risk for carcinogenesis. This may be averted by repair of DNA damage through the base or nucleotide excision repair (BER/NER) pathways. PARP, a BER protein, is known for its role in DNA-repair. However, multiple lesions can occur within a small range of DNA, known as oxidative clustered DNA lesions (OCDLs), which are difficult to repair and may lead to the more severe DNA double-strand break (DSB). Inefficient DSB repair can then result in increased mutagenesis and neoplastic transformation. OCDLs occur more frequently within a variety of tumor tissues. Interestingly, PARP is highly expressed in several human cancers. Additionally, chronic inflammation may contribute to tumorigenesis through ROS-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, PARP can modulate inflammation through interaction with NFκB and regulating the expression of inflammatory signaling molecules. Thus, the upregulation of PARP may present a double-edged sword. PARP is needed to repair ROS-induced DNA lesions, but PARP expression may lead to increased inflammation via upregulation of NFκB signaling. Here, we discuss the role of PARP in the repair of oxidative damage versus the formation of OCDLs and speculate on the feasibility of PARP inhibition for the treatment and prevention of cancers by exploiting its role in inflammation.
What Do Leaders Know?
Authors: Livan Giacomo , Marsili Matteo
Published: July 2013

The ability of a society to make the right decisions on relevant matters relies on its capability to properly aggregate the noisy information spread across the individuals of which it is made. In this paper, we study the information aggregation performance of a stylized model of a society, whose most influential individuals—the leaders—are highly connected among themselves and uninformed. Agents update their state of knowledge in a Bayesian manner by listening to their neighbors. We find analytical and numerical evidence of a transition, as a function of the noise level in the information initially available to agents, from a regime where information is correctly aggregated, to one where the population reaches consensus on the wrong outcome with finite probability. Furthermore, information aggregation depends in a non-trivial manner on the relative size of the clique of leaders, with the limit of a vanishingly small clique being singular.
Phyto-SERM Constitutes from Flemingia macrophylla
Authors: Lai Wan-Chun , Tsui Ya-Ting , Singab Abdel , El-Shazly Mohamed , Du Ying-Chi , Hwang Tsong-Long , Wu Chin-Chung , Yen Ming-Hong , Lee Ching-Kuo , Hou Ming-Feng , Wu Yang-Chang , Chang Fang-Rong
Published: July 2013

The methanolic extract of Flemingia macrophylla roots exhibited significant estrogenic activity in the transgenic plant assay system which was comparable to the activity of soybean extract. Utilizing estrogenic activity-guided fractionation, one new compound, fleminigin, together with 23 known compounds were isolated from F. macrophylla roots’ methanolic extract. The structure of the new compound was identified based on intensive spectroscopic analysis and the full spectral data for one of the isolated compounds, flemichin E, was introduced for the first time in the current investigation. The estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated revealing that the isolated isoflavonoids may act as partial estrogen agonists, as well as antagonists. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory and the cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were studied. These results suggested the potential applications of F. macrophylla extract and its isolated compounds as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).