bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Evolution Equations of Nonlinearly Permissible, Coherent Hole Structures Propagating Persistently in Collisionless Plasmas
Authors: Schamel Hans , Chakrabarti Nikhil
Published: June 2023

A fundamental study describing nonlinear plasma wave propagation is presented. Elementary linear wave theory describes small‐amplitude random waves, but lacks information about coherent structures. This improved wave model arises from the fact that structure formation is inevitably associated with particle trapping, which can only be properly addressed by the pseudo‐potential method instead of Bernstein, Greene, and Kruskal (BGK) ‐ likemethods. Only by using this method can legitimate nonlinear dispersion relations be obtained and reconciled with trapping scenarios. This privilege is used to derive evolution equations for five structures, the derivation being simplified by the acoustic nature of the permitted modes. The focus is on a special structure, the solitary electron hole of negative polarity, with which it can explain a spacecraft observation for the first time. Furthermore, it is shown that an intrinsically nonlinear structure can become macroscopically linear and thus harmonic by suitably adjusting the trapping scenario. An example is the monochromatic ion acoustic wave that propagates at ion sound velocity without dispersion. In this literature research, it also takes a critical look at a recently awarded work.
Observational Constraints on Hybrid Scale Factor in f(Q,T)$f(Q,T)$ Gravity with Anisotropic Space‐Time
Authors: Narawade S. A. , Koussour M. , Mishra B.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an accelerating cosmological model by constraining the free parameters using the cosmological datasets in an extended symmetric teleparallel gravity for the flat and anisotropic space‐time. It employs a time variable deceleration parameter that behaves early deceleration and late time acceleration in the form of a hybrid scale factor (HSF). It obtains the present values of deceleration parameter and analyzes the late time behavior of the Universe based on the best‐fit values of the free parameters. It derives the dynamical parameters of the model and obtains the equation of state parameter at present in the quintessence region; however, at late time it approaches to ΛCDM. The energy conditions are also analyzed to validate the modified gravity and it finds that the strong energy condition is violating. It establishes the importance of a hybrid scale factor in the late time cosmic phenomena issue.
Highly Oxidative‐Resistant Cyano‐Functionalized Lithium Borate Salt for Enhanced Cycling Performance of Practical Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Min Xueqing , Han Changxing , Zhang Shenghang , Ma Jun , Hu Naifang , Li Jiedong , Du Xiaofan , Xie Bin , Lin Hong‐Ji , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chen Chien‐Te , Hu Zhiwei , Qiao Lixin , Cui Zili , Xu Gaojie , Cui Guanglei
Published: June 2023

Lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) has been widely investigated in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its advantageous thermal stability and excellent aluminum passivation property. However, LiDFOB tends to suffer from severe decomposition and generate a lot of gas species (e.g., CO2). Herein, a novel cyano‐functionalized lithium borate salt, namely lithium difluoro(1,2‐dihydroxyethane‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarbonitrile) borate (LiDFTCB), is innovatively synthesized as a highly oxidative‐resistant salt to alleviate above dilemma. It is revealed that the LiDFTCB‐based electrolyte enables LiCoO2/graphite cells with superior capacity retention at both room and elevated temperatures (e.g., 80 % after 600 cycles) with barely any CO2 gas evolution. Systematic studies reveal that LiDFTCB tends to form thin and robust interfacial layers at both electrodes. This work emphasizes the crucial role of cyano‐functionalized anions in improving cycle lifespan and safety of practical LIBs.
Asymmetric (4+n) Cycloadditions of Indolyldimethanols for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Indole‐Fused Rings
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Yi , Chen Jia‐Yi , Gao Cong‐Hui , Yu Lei , Ni Shao‐Fei , Tan Wei , Shi Feng
Published: June 2023

Catalytic asymmetric construction of chiral indole‐fused rings has become an important issue in the chemical community because of the significance of such scaffolds. In this work, we have accomplished the first catalytic asymmetric (4+2) and (4+3) cycloadditions of 2,3‐indolyldimethanols by using indoles and 2‐naphthols as suitable reaction partners under the catalysis of chiral phosphoric acids, constructing enantioenriched indole‐fused six‐membered and seven‐membered rings in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. In addition, this approach is used to realize the first enantioselective construction of challenging tetrahydroindolocarbazole scaffolds, which are found to show promising anticancer activity. More importantly, theoretical calculations of the reaction pathways and activation mode offer an in‐depth understanding of this class of indolylmethanols. This work not only settles the challenges in realizing catalytic asymmetric cycloadditions of indolyldimethanols but also provides a powerful strategy for the construction of enantioenriched indole‐fused rings.
Synthesis of Quaternary and Tertiary Carbon‐Substituted Arenes by Lewis Base Promoted Site‐Selective Coupling with Allylic Nucleophiles
Authors: Keita Hawa , Meek Simon J.
Published: June 2023

A practical method for the preparation of quaternary and tertiary allyl‐substituted heteroarenes by site‐selective couplings of heteroaryl nitriles and allylic nucleophiles is disclosed. Transformations utilize readily accessible stable reagents, proceed in the presence of a Lewis base activator, and undergo aryl‐C(sp3) quaternary and tertiary carbon formation with high γ‐selectivity (up to >98 : 2 γ : α).
Photonic Modulation Enabled by Controlling the Edge Structures of Boron‐Doped Molecular Carbons
Authors: Liu Yujia , Yuan Liuzhong , Guo Jiaxiang , Sun Wenting , Wang Yue , Dou Chuandong
Published: June 2023

Control over topological edges of molecular carbons (MCs) is of importance for achieving diverse molecular topologies and desirable physical properties. However, it remains very challenging for heteroatom‐doped MCs due to the synthetic difficulty. Herein, we report control over the edge structures of boron‐doped MCs (BMCs) via the sequential cyclization strategy. Three BMC molecules that feature the C56B2 or C84B2 polycyclic π‐skeletons with selective cove/fjord or cove/bay edges, respectively, were synthesized through the rational combination of Mallory photoreaction and Scholl reaction. We not only obtain the largest boron‐doped π‐system reported so far, but also disclose that fine control of their edges and length greatly affects electronic structures and thereby photonic properties of BMCs, such as tunable aromaticity, decreased band gaps, as well as redshifted absorptions and fluorescence. Remarkably, the C56B2 molecule exhibits stimulated emission behavior and amplified spontaneous emission property, both of which have never been reported for pristine boron‐doped π‐systems, thus demonstrating the potential of BMCs as optical gain materials for laser cavities.
Atomically Dispersed FeN2P2 Motif with High Activity and Stability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Over the Entire pH Range
Authors: Xue Wendan , Zhou Qixing , Cui Xun , Zhang Jiawei , Zuo Sijin , Mo Fan , Jiang Jiwei , Zhu Xuya , Lin Zhiqun
Published: June 2023

The past decade has witnessed the great potential of Fe‐based single‐atom electrocatalysis in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it remains a grand challenge to substantially improve their intrinsic activity and long‐term stability in acidic electrolytes. Herein, we report a facile chemical vapor deposition strategy, by which high‐density Fe atoms (3.97 wt%) are coordinated with square‐planar para‐positioned nitrogen and phosphorus atoms in a hierarchical carbon framework. The as‐crafted atomically dispersed Fe catalyst (denoted Fe‐SA/PNC) manifests an outstanding activity towards ORR over the entire pH range. Specifically, the half‐wave potential of 0.92 V, 0.83 V, and 0.86 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) are attained in alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolytes, respectively, representing the high performance among reported catalysts to date. Furthermore, after 30,000 durability cycles, the Fe‐SA/PNC remains to be stable with no visible performance decay when tested in 0.1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4, and only a minor negative shift of 40 mV detected in 0.1 M HClO4, significantly outperforming commercial Pt/C counterpart. The coordination motif of Fe‐SA/PNC is validated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides atomic‐level insight into improving the activity and stability of non‐noble metal ORR catalysts, opening up an avenue to craft the desired single‐atom electrocatalysts.
Adaptive Catalytic Systems for Chemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Bordet Alexis , Leitner Walter
Published: June 2023

The rapidly growing importance of green hydrogen and renewable carbon resources as essential feedstocks for sustainable chemical value chains opens room for disruptive innovations regarding chemical production processes. The fluctuation and variability associated with non‐fossil energy and raw material supply holds many challenges for catalysts to cope with the resulting dynamics. However, many new opportunities also arise once catalyst design starts to aim at performance that is “adaptive” rather than “task‐specific”. In this Scientific Perspective, we propose to define adaptivity in catalysis on the basis of three essential properties that are reversibility, rapidity, and robustness (R3 rule). Promising design strategies and selected examples are described to substantiate the scientific concept and to highlight its potential for chemical energy conversion.
Binuclear Copper(I) Complexes for Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Jouaiti Abdelaziz , Ballerini Lavinia , Shen Hsiang‐Ling , Viel Ronan , Polo Federico , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Haacke Stefan , Huang Yu‐Ting , Lu Chin‐Wei , Gourlaouen Christophe , Su Hai‐Ching , Mauro Matteo
Published: June 2023

Two binuclear heteroleptic CuI complexes, namely Cu−NIR1 and Cu−NIR2, bearing rigid chelating diphosphines and π‐conjugated 2,5‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole as the bis‐bidentate ligand are presented. The proposed dinuclearization strategy yields a large bathochromic shift of the emission when compared to the mononuclear counterparts (M1–M2) and enables shifting luminescence into the near‐infrared (NIR) region in both solution and solid state, showing emission maximum at ca. 750 and 712 nm, respectively. The radiative process is assigned to an excited state with triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) character as demonstrated by in‐depth photophysical and computational investigation. Noteworthy, X‐ray analysis of the binuclear complexes unravels two interligand π–π‐stacking interactions yielding a doubly locked structure that disfavours flattening of the tetrahedral coordination around the CuI centre in the excited state and maintain enhanced NIR luminescence. No such interaction is present in M1–M2. These findings prompt the successful use of Cu−NIR1 and Cu−NIR2 in NIR light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), which display electroluminescence maximum up to 756 nm and peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.43 %. Their suitability for the fabrication of white‐emitting LECs is also demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first examples of NIR electroluminescent devices based on earth‐abundant CuI emitters.
Recoverable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells for Next‐Generation Portable Power Sources
Authors: Liu Jieqiong , Ye Tao , Yu Dongqu , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Yang Dong
Published: June 2023

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with excellent recoverability show a wide range of potential applications in portable power sources. The recoverability of FPSCs requires outstanding bendability of each functional layer, including the flexible substrates, electrodes, perovskite light absorbers, and charge transport materials. This review highlights the recent progress and practical applications of high‐recoverability FPSCs, and illustrates the routes toward improvement of the recoverability and environmental stability through the choice of flexible substrates and the preparation of high‐quality perovskite films, as well as the optimization of charge‐selective contacts. In addition, we explore the intrinsic properties of each functional layer from the physical perspective and analyze how to select suitable functional layers. Additionally, some effective strategies are summarized, including material modification engineering of selective contacts, additives and interface engineering of interlayers, which can release mechanical stress and increase the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) and recoverability of the FPSCs. The challenges of making high‐performance FPSCs with long‐term stability and high recoverability are discussed. Finally, future applications and perspectives for FPSCs are discussed, aiming to promote more extensive commercialization processes for lightweight and durable FPSCs.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral‐at‐P Alkenylphosphonamidates through Nickel‐Catalyzed C−P Coupling of Phosphoramidites and Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Bing , Padín Damián , Stindt Charlotte N. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: June 2023

P‐stereogenic compounds are widely used as ligands in asymmetric catalysis and are present in a myriad of bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. Yet, their stereocontrolled preparation remains challenging. Herein, we report a novel strategy towards versatile chiral‐at‐P alkenylphosphonamidates through a one‐pot Ni‐catalyzed C−P coupling/diastereoselective hydrolysis of readily available phosphoramidites and alkenyl halides. Remarkably, a chemo‐ and diastereodivergent behavior was observed upon subtle changes in the reaction conditions. Additionally, selective derivatizations of chiral alkenylphosphonamidates demonstrate their versatility as building blocks for the synthesis of structurally diverse P‐stereogenic compounds.
Aza‐Dipyrrinate Stabilized Compounds with a Low‐Valent Main Group Element
Authors: Chandra Joshi Prakash , Kumar Singh Vivek , Shukla Pratima , Kumar Hemant , Shukla Jyoti , Mahawar Pritam , Singh Dharmendra , Nagendran Selvarajan
Published: June 2023

The possibility of using aza‐dipyrromethene (a‐DPM) ligands to stabilize compounds containing low‐valent main group elements is demonstrated through the isolation of germylenes, a‐DPM(p‐tol)GeCl (2), a‐DPM(Naph)GeCl (6), and a‐DPM(Naph)GeN(TMS)2 (7) (tol=tolyl, Naph=naphthyl). Because of the presence of the a‐DPM ligand, these germylenes exhibit an absorption maximum at around 640 nm, a highly red‐shifted value previously unknown for germylenes.
Male awareness of prostate cancer risk remains poor in relatives of women with germline variants in DNA‐repair genes
Authors: Fasulo Vittorio , Buffi NicolòMaria , Chiarelli Giuseppe , Lughezzani Giovanni , Zuradelli Monica , Ripamonti Carla Barbara , Barile Monica , Bianchi Paolo , Benetti Alessio , Paciotti Marco , Uleri Alessandro , Avolio Pier Paolo , Saita Alberto , Hurle Rodolfo , Maura Federica , Germagnoli Luca , Asselta Rosanna , Soldà Giulia , Casale Paolo , Lazzeri Massimo
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate male awareness of developing prostate cancer (PCa) in families with germline DNA‐repair genes (DRG) variants.

Materials and methods

Data were collected from a prospective, monocentric cohort study. The study was conducted in a university hospital with a multidisciplinary approach to the patient (collaboration of the Departments of Oncology, Urology, Pathology, Radiology, and Medical Genetics Laboratory). We recruited healthy males, relatives of families of women with breast or ovarian cancer who tested positive for pathogenic variants (PVs) or likely pathogenic variants (LPVs) in DRGs. A dedicated PCa screening was designed and offered to men aged 35 to 69 years, based on early visits with digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate health index (PHI) measurement, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and, if necessary, targeted/systematic prostate biopsies. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the willingness of healthy men from families with a DRG variants detected in female relatives affected with breast and/or ovarian cancer to be tested for the presence of familial PVs. The secondary endpoints were the acceptance to participate if resulted positive and compliance with the screening programme.

Results

Over 1256 families, of which 139 resulted positive for PVs in DRGs, we identified 378 ‘healthy’ men aged between 35 and 69 years old. Two hundred sixty‐one (69.0%) refused to be tested for DRG variants, 66 (17.5%) declared to have been previously tested, and 51 (13.5%) males were interested to be tested. Between those previously tested and those who accepted to be tested, 62 (53.0%) were positive for a DRG variant, and all of them accepted to participate in the subsequent surveillance steps. The main limitation is that is a single‐centre study and a short follow‐up.

Conclusions

All men tested positive for a DRG variants agreed to go under the surveillance scheme. However, only 31% of ‘men at risk’ (i.e., relative of a DRG variant carrier) expressed their willingness to be tested for the familial DRG variant. This observation strongly supports the urgent need to implement awareness of genetic risk for PCa within the male population.
Homozygous LOXL2 variant in individuals affected by non‐syndromic occipital encephalocele
Authors: Almazroea Abdulhadi
Published: June 2023

Background

Occipital encephaloceles is a rare congenital defect in which meninges and the brain protrude out as a sac‐like structure through opening in the skull. The condition can result in neurologic complications as well as structural abnormalities of the skull. To the best of our knowledge, no genetic variant has been identified as an underlying cause of non‐syndromic occipital encephaloceles.

Methods

In this study, I report a family with 2 individuals having large occipital encephalocele. Clinical and radiological examination did not reveal any other neurological or skeletal manifestations in both affected individuals.

Results

Exome sequencing detected the previously unreported homozygous single nucleotide duplication (NM_002318.3:c.64dupC) in LOXL2 gene. This is a nonsense variant (NP_002309.1:p.Leu22Profs*7) leading to a premature truncation and loss‐of‐function of the lysyl oxidase‐like 2 protein. The variant is segregating in an autosomal recessive manner in a family. Both parents are heterozygous carriers for the variant while unaffected sibs have wild type sequence.

Conclusion

We hypothesize that LOXL2 is a potential candidate gene for occipital encephalocele due to the established role of LOXL3, a close paralog of LOXL2, in craniofacial development. This case illustrates the power of exome sequencing to establish genetic diagnosis and expands the spectrum of genetic defects in occipital encephalocele and related disorders.
Rigosertib is more potent than wortmannin and rapamycin against adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Neghab Mohsen , Jalili‐Nik Mohammad , Soltani Arash , Afshari Amir R. , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Rafatpanah Houshang , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim , Sadeghnia Hamid R. , Ataei Azimi Sajad , Mashkani Baratali
Published: June 2023

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection can cause adult T‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia (ATLL), an incurable, chemotherapy‐resistant malignancy. In a quest for new therapeutic targets, our study sought to determine the levels of AKT, mTOR, and PI3K in ATLL MT‐2 cells, HTLV‐1 infected NIH/3T3 cells (Inf‐3T3), and HTLV‐1 infected patients (Carrier, HAM/TSP, and ATLL). Furthermore, the effects of rigosertib, wortmannin, and rapamycin on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to inhibit the proliferation of ATLL cells were examined. The results showed that mRNA expression of Akt/PI3K/mTOR was down‐regulated in carrier, HAM/TSP, and ATLL patients, as well as MT‐2, and Inf‐3T3 cells, compared to the healthy individuals and untreated MT‐2 and Inf‐3T3 as controls. However, western blotting revealed an increase in the phosphorylated and activated forms of AKT and mTOR. Treating the cells with rapamycin, wortmannin, and rigosertib decreased the phosphorylated forms of Akt and mTOR and restored their mRNA expression levels. Using these inhibitors also significantly boosted the expression of the pro‐apoptotic genes, Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio as well as the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in the MT‐2 and Inf‐3T3cells. Rigosertib was more potent than wortmannin and rapamycin in inducing sub‐G1 and G2‐M cell cycle arrest, as well as late apoptosis in the Inf‐3T3 and MT‐2 cells. It also synergized the cytotoxic effects of vincristine. These findings demonstrate that HTLV‐1 downregulation of the mRNA level may occur as a negative feedback response to increased PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR phosphorylation by HTLV‐1. Therefore, using rigosertib alone or in combination with common chemotherapy drugs may be beneficial in ATLL patients.
Simultaneous quantitation of favipiravir and its hydroxide metabolite in human plasma and hamster matrices using a UPLC–MS/MS method
Authors: Bekegnran Cesar P. , Driouich Jean‐Selim , Breuer Judith , Barthelemy Karine , Giocanti Madeleine , de Lamballerie Xavier , Kreins Alexandra Y. , Nougairede Antoine , Solas Caroline
Published: June 2023

Favipiravir, a broad‐spectrum RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, is currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of various infectious diseases including COVID‐19. We developed an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) assay for the quantification of favipiravir and its hydroxide metabolite (M1), in human and hamster biological matrices. Analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) after a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The mobile phase consisted of water and methanol, each containing 0.05% formic acid. Experiments were performed using electrospray ionization in the positive and negative ion mode, with protonated molecules used as the precursor ion and a total run time of 6 min. The MS/MS response was linear over the concentration ranges from 0.5–100 μg/ml for favipiravir and 0.25–30 μg/ml for M1. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were within the recommended limits of the European Medicines Agency guidelines. No significant matrix effect was observed, and the method was successfully applied to inform favipiravir dose adjustments in six immunocompromised children with severe RNA viral infections. In conclusion, the UPLC–MS/MS assay is suitable for quantification of favipiravir over a wide range of dosing regimens, and can easily be adapted to other matrices and species.
From lab to society: Fostering clinical translation of molecular systems engineering
Authors: da Silva Renan Gonçalves Leonel , Blasimme Alessandro
Published: June 2023

Over the last decade, bioengineering has seen a sustained growth in scientific publications, patents, and clinical trials. As the field attempts to bridge the gap between discovery and clinical application, a broader societal dialogue is needed to build public trust and address potential ethical, societal, and regulatory challenges. In this essay, we discuss societal aspects linked to the clinical use of biomedical engineering approaches and technologies, with a specific focus on molecular systems engineering. Drawing on data from interviews with 24 scientists, we identified four key aspects for fostering societal support for translational efforts in this domain: (1) effective science communication and internal awareness; (2) open societal dialogue; (3) fair and equitable access to new technologies; and (4) adequate science and technology policies. We conclude that molecular systems engineering would benefit from anticipating future challenges with the view of building a robust bond of trust with lay publics, regulators, and society at large.
Did court dismiss soccer player's free speech claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2023

A member of the Virginia Tech women's soccer team refused to kneel in support of the Black Lives Matter movement during the team's opening match — despite the coach and other team members’ decision to kneel. During halftime of the match, the coach allegedly berated the student‐athlete for “doing her own thing.” The coach engaged in the same behavior at a film‐review session the following week. He removed the student‐athlete from the starting lineup and reduced her playing time for the next two games. The student‐athlete resigned from the soccer team after the third game of the season.
Substrate DNA length regulates the activity of TET 5‐methylcytosine dioxygenases
Authors: Bhattacharya Chayan , Dey Aninda Sundar , Mukherji Mridul
Published: June 2023

The ten‐eleven translocation (TET) isoforms (TET1‐3) play critical roles in epigenetic transcription regulation. In addition, mutations in the TET2 gene are frequently detected in patients with glioma and myeloid malignancies. TET isoforms can oxidize 5‐methylcytosine to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine, 5‐formylcytosine, and 5‐carboxylcytosine, by iterative oxidation. The in vivo DNA demethylation activity of TET isoforms may depend on many factors including enzyme's structural features, its interaction with DNA‐binding proteins, chromatin context, DNA sequence, DNA length, and configuration. The rationale for this study is to identify the preferred DNA length and configuration in the substrates of TET isoforms. We have used a highly sensitive LC‐MS/MS‐based method to compare the substrate preference of TET isoforms. To this end, four DNA substrate sets (S1, S2, S3, S4) of different sequences were chosen. In addition, in each set, four different lengths of DNA substrates comprising 7‐, 13‐, 19‐, and 25‐mer nucleotides were synthesized. Each DNA substrate was further used in three different configurations, that is, double stranded symmetrically‐methylated, double stranded hemi‐methylated, and single stranded single‐methylated to evaluate their effect on TET‐mediated 5mC oxidation. We demonstrate that mouse TET1 (mTET1) and human TET2 (hTET2) have highest preference for 13‐mer dsDNA substrates. Increasing or decreasing the length of dsDNA substrate reduces product formation. In contrast to their dsDNA counterparts, the length of ssDNA substrates did not have a predictable effect on 5mC oxidation. Finally, we show that substrate specificity of TET isoforms correlates with their DNA binding efficiency. Our results demonstrate that mTET1 and hTET2 prefer 13‐mer dsDNA as a substrate over ssDNA. These results may help elucidate novel properties of TET‐mediated 5mC oxidation and help develop novel diagnostic tools to detect TET2 function in patients.
Perfluoro‐tert‐butyl Group‐Derived Capmatinib: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Its Application in 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhang Xinnan , Wang Luting , Huang Ruimin , Wang Jingbo , Yan Qifan
Published: June 2023

Capmatinib is an FDA‐approved drug to treat metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer with MET‐exon 14 skipping. Herein, the perfluoro‐tert‐butyl group, which possesses nine chemically identical fluorine atoms, was introduced on Capmatinib to afford a targeted 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, perfluoro‐tert‐butyl group‐derived Capmatinib (9F‐CAP). The 19F MRI concentration limit was found to be 25 mM in FLASH sequence. Molecular docking simulation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (with a Kd of 40.7 μM), half‐inhibitory concentration (with a IC50 of 168 nM), Annexin V, and cytotoxicity assays jointly demonstrated that the 9F‐CAP targeted cMET protein specifically. Therefore, the targeted imaging capability of 9F‐CAP is of great significance for the preoperative diagnosis of specific cancers.
Intestinal obstruction due to ligament arising from the distal end of Meckel's diverticulum: A case report
Authors: Dang Van Chuc , Tran Phan Ninh , Tran Minh Canh , Pham Van Thuc , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Nga
Published: June 2023

Intestinal obstruction due to ligament (fibrous band) arising from the top of Meckel's diverticulum is a rare cause. To date, in the world, only a few cases have been reported and there are not enough statistics on the incidence of this disease. This case presentation will help doctors working in the field of pediatric surgery or of pediatric imaging diagnosis have more experiences on diagnosis and treatment, and enrich the medical literature on this rare disease. We report a case of an 8‐year‐old boy with intestinal obstruction due to ligament arising from Meckel's diverticulum with complete data set such as clinical manifestations, imaging diagnosis (ultrasound, unprepared abdominal x‐ray, computerized tomography scanner with contrast injection), surgical information, and histopathological findings. Intestinal obstruction due to the ligament arising from the apex of Meckel's diverticulum is an extremely rare disease and has asymptomatic imaging features so the preoperative diagnosis is only based on the indirect findings of computerized tomography scanner. The early diagnosis of an intestinal obstruction due to fibrous band can be made by using imaging methods such as ultrasound, unprepared abdominal x‐ray, computerized tomography scanner with contrast injection, contributing to the prompt diagnosis in order to avoid serious complications including bowel necrosis, intestinal perforation, and perforated diverticulum.
Properties and Phase Behavior of Water‐Tween‐Kerosene Microemulsions and Prediction of Their Viscosity
Authors: Zolfaghari Monireh , Nasiri Masoud , Haghighi Asl Ali
Published: June 2023

Microemulsion systems are of interest to researchers due to their low energy requirements and thermodynamic stability in a wide range of applications, including enhanced oil recovery, gas absorption, drug delivery, and chemical reaction environments. In this research, the viscosity of microemulsions was characterized and then predicted. Tween 20 and Tween 80 were used as surfactants and n‐butanol as co‐surfactant. Different types of prepared Winsor microemulsions were described using the phase diagram and then were evaluated regarding their viscosity, particle size, and electrical conductivity. The mean droplet size and viscosity of the microemulsion were 8–200 nm and 10.4–39.1 cp, respectively. Finally, a new equation is suggested to predict microemulsion viscosity as a function of the ratio of the dispersed phase fraction to the surfactant fraction.
Utilization of ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry in conjunction with wrapper method and correlated component regression for nitrite prediction outside the Beer–Lambert domain
Authors: NINI Meryem , Khoumri El Mati , Ait Layachi Omar , Nohair Mohamed
Published: June 2023

The determination of nitrite concentration is crucial due to its toxicity. A novel model has been developed to accurately determine nitrite concentration within the non‐linear range, utilizing the Zambelli method. Previously, techniques for measure nitrite concentration were primarily restricted to the linear range. This new method employs UV‐Visible absorption spectra and correlated component regression (CCR) to determine nitrite concentration within the range of 0.27–11.34 ppm. A wavelength selection strategy in conjunction with partial least squares (PLS) was implemented prior to applying CCR. The spectral data underwent pre‐processing using standard normal variant (SNV) and Savitzky Golay (SG) techniques, and a backward selection (BS) strategy with PLS was applied to select wavelengths. The 15 most sensitive wavelengths, determined through the RMSECV criterion, were utilized to create a PLS model within the range 377–497 nm, resulting in a model with R2C = 0.9999 and R2CV = 0.9999, RMSEC = 0.006, RMSECV = 0.027. A CCR model was then established using the 15selected wavelengths and nitrite concentration. The results yielded strong correlation between predicted and measured nitrite values with R2C = 0.9996, RMSEC = 4.7491 E‐15, RMSECV = 0.0004, and MAPE = 0.68%. The method has been validated through an accuracy profile, which demonstrates that 80% of future results will fall within the 10% acceptability limit within the validation range of 1.30–8.83 mg/L.
PROTOCOL: The impact of agricultural mechanisation on women's economic empowerment: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Masset Edoardo , Kapoor Malhotra Suchi , Gupta Neha , Bhandari Ratika , White Howard , MacDonald Heather , Puskur Ranjitha , Singaraju Niyati , Sharma Waddington Hugh
Published: June 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The main objective of the review is to answer the following questions: What is the impact of mechanisation on agriculture? What is the impact of mechanisation on women's economic empowerment? The study will review the impact of mechanisation on labour demand and supply, land and labour productivity, farmers' incomes, health and women's empowerment. All literature will be considered, including nonintervention studies and studies not reporting gender‐disaggregated results.
First person profile: Edith Peterson Mitchell, MD
Authors: Printz Carrie
Published: June 2023

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. In this issue, Edith Peterson Mitchell, MD, the first female US Air Force brigadier general–physician, has dedicated her career to improving cancer disparities. In addition, a new analysis shows that Black patients were more likely than White patients to experience testing delays or to not receive recommended diagnostic tests, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance recommends that women undergoing pelvic surgeries for benign conditions consider having their fallopian tubes removed.
Finite‐element simulation of in‐plane tear propagation in the dissected aorta: Implications for the propagation mechanism
Authors: Han Han , Guo Baolei , Gao Peng , Yang Fan , Sun Cuiru , Hill Nicholas A. , Liu Haofei
Published: June 2023

Computer modeling and numerical simulation are essential for understanding the progression of aortic dissection. However, tear propagation has not been properly modeled and simulated. The in‐plane dissection propagation between concentrically distributed elastic lamellae is modeled using the cohesive zone method with a bilinear traction‐separation law. The parameters of cohesive elements are calibrated for the three modes of interfacial damage in the media, enabling quantitative predictions of in‐plane tear propagation. An idealized cylindrical tube‐shaped bilayer thick‐wall model of the aorta is employed to elucidate the influence of geometrical parameters, loading conditions and residual stress on the tear propagation. While the model is capable of replicating that deeper, larger tears are associated with lower critical pressure, new findings include: (i) Larger axial stretch leads to lower critical pressure; (ii) Increased magnitude of residual stress is associated with higher critical pressure; (iii) Pressure difference between true and false lumen alters the critical pressure; (iv) The interfacial damage is mostly opening mode in the axial direction, but shear‐dominated in the circumferential direction; (v) Damage due to the opening mode is associated with smaller fracture energy, which makes it easier to propagate than the shear and the mixed modes. (vi) The deformed shape of the tear, which is related to its geometrical features and loading conditions, modulates the critical pressure via two pathways: (a) deformed shapes are associated with specific modes of damage, which influences the critical pressure, and (b) deformed shapes modulate the critical pressure directly via geometrical constraints.
Memristive Effect in Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
Authors: Aglikov Aleksandr , Volkova Olga , Bondar Anna , Moskalenko Ivan , Novikov Alexander , Skorb Ekaterina V. , Smirnov Evgeny
Published: June 2023

The emerging novel class of two‐dimensional materials – MХenes – have attracted significant research attention. However, there are only few reports on using the most prominent member of the MXene family, Ti3C2Tx, as an active material for memristive devices within a polyelectrolyte matrix and its deposition on inert electrodes like ITO and Pt. In this study, we systematically investigate Ti3C2Tx MXenes synthesized with two classical delamination agents, such as lithium chloride and tetramethylammonium hydroxide, to identify the most suitable candidate for memristive device applications. The characteristics of memristors based on the hybrid structures consisting of MXene−polyelectrolyte multilayers, specifically polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) are explored. The PEI(MXene)/PSS memristor exhibits a voltage threshold (VSET/RESET) range of 1.5–2.0 V, enabling the transition from a high‐resistive state (HRS) to a low‐resistive state (LRS), along with a significant current switching ratio of approximately two orders of magnitude. The observed VSET/RESET difference of approximately 4 V is further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculated redox potential. These findings underscore the potential of polyelectrolyte‐based memristors, such as the in PEI−Ti3C2Tx−PSS system, in facilitating the development of highly functional, self‐assembled memristive devices with diverse applications.
Prognostic Factors of COVID‐19: An Umbrella Review Endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Sarri Grammati , Liu Wei , Zabotka Luke , Freitag Andreas , Claire Ravinder , Wangge Grace , Elvidge Jamie , Dawoud Dalia , Bennett Dimitri , Wen Xuerong , Li Xiaojuan , Rentsch Christopher T. , Uddin Md Jamal , Ali M. Sanni , Gokhale Mugdha , Déruaz‐Luyet Anouk , Moga Daniela C. , Guo Jeff Jianfei , Zullo Andrew R. , Patorno Elisabetta , Lin Kueiyu Joshua
Published: June 2023

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the urgency for updated evidence to inform public health and clinical care placed systematic literature reviews (SLRs) at the cornerstone of research. We aimed to summarize evidence on prognostic factors for COVID‐19 outcomes through published SLRs and to critically assess quality elements in the findings' interpretation. An umbrella review was conducted via electronic databases from January 2020 to April 2022. All SLRs (and meta‐analyses) in English were considered. Data screening and extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess SLR quality. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD4202232576). Out of 4,564 publications, 171 SLRs were included of which 3 were umbrella reviews. Our primary analysis included 35 SLRs published in 2022, which incorporated studies since the beginning of the pandemic. Consistent findings showed that, for adults, older age, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer were more strongly predictive of risk of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mortality due to COVID‐19. Male sex was associated with higher risk of short‐term adverse outcomes, but female sex was associated with higher risk of long COVID. For children, socioeconomic determinants that may unravel COVID‐19 disparities were rarely reported. This review highlights key prognostic factors of COVID‐19, which can help clinicians and health officers identify high‐risk groups for optimal care. Findings can also help optimize confounding adjustment and patient phenotyping in comparative effectiveness research. A living SLR approach may facilitate dissemination of new findings. This paper is endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology.
The Rat Genome Database: Genetic, Genomic, and Phenotypic Data Across Multiple Species
Authors: Laulederkind Stanley J. F. , Hayman G. Thomas , Wang Shur‐Jen , Kaldunski Mary L. , Vedi Mahima , Demos Wendy M. , Tutaj Monika , Smith Jennifer R. , Lamers Logan , Gibson Adam C. , Thorat Ketaki , Thota Jyothi , Tutaj Marek A. , de Pons Jeffrey L. , Dwinell Melinda R. , Kwitek Anne E.
Published: June 2023

The laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, is an important model of human health and disease, and experimental findings in the rat have relevance to human physiology and disease. The Rat Genome Database (RGD, https://rgd.mcw.edu) is a model organism database that provides access to a wide variety of curated rat data including disease associations, phenotypes, pathways, molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components, and chemical interactions for genes, quantitative trait loci, and strains. We present an overview of the database followed by specific examples that can be used to gain experience in employing RGD to explore the wealth of functional data available for the rat and other species. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Navigating the Rat Genome Database (RGD) home page

Basic Protocol 2: Using the RGD search functions

Basic Protocol 3: Searching for quantitative trait loci

Basic Protocol 4: Using the RGD genome browser (JBrowse) to find phenotypic annotations

Basic Protocol 5: Using OntoMate to find gene‐disease data

Basic Protocol 6: Using MOET to find gene‐ontology enrichment

Basic Protocol 7: Using OLGA to generate gene lists for analysis

Basic Protocol 8: Using the GA tool to analyze ontology annotations for genes

Basic Protocol 9: Using the RGD InterViewer tool to find protein interaction data

Basic Protocol 10: Using the RGD Variant Visualizer tool to find genetic variant data

Basic Protocol 11: Using the RGD Disease Portals to find disease, phenotype, and other information

Basic Protocol 12: Using the RGD Phenotypes & Models Portal to find qualitative and quantitative phenotype data and other rat strain–related information

Basic Protocol 13: Using the RGD Pathway Portal to find disease and phenotype data via molecular pathways
Comparative efficacy of topical povidone‐iodine and chlorhexidine gel on dental plaque regrowth in toddlers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Basha Nour Al , Karkoutly Mawia , Bshara Nada
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of topical use of povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) solution and chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on dental plaque regrowth after 3 and 7 days in toddlers aged 24–36 months.

Materials and Methods

A randomized controlled trial that included45healthy toddlers aged 24–36 months, who were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group received a placebo (distilled water (DW)) (negative control). The second group received topical CHX gel (0.2% w/v) (positive control). The third group received topical PVP‐I solution (10% w/v). Plaque accumulation was measured at the baseline (t0), after 3 days (t1) and after 7 days (t2) using the Turesky‐modified Quigley–Hein plaque index (TMQHPI). Oral hygiene practices were prohibited during the trial period. The trial ID is ACTRN12623000567628.

Results

In the DW group, the mean of the TMQHPI score was 1.89 ± 0.67 at t0and decreased to 1.45 ± 0.66 at t1(p = .028). Similarly, in the CHX group, the mean of the TMQHPI score was 1.83 ± 1.06 at t0and decreased to 1.02 ± 0.99 at t1(p = .033). Regarding the PVP‐I group, the mean of the TMQHPI score went from 1.84 ± 0.85 to 1.01 ± 0.61 at t1and then increased to 1.57 ± 0.74 at t2. Those changes were statistically significant (p = .001) and (p = .002), respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted between TMQHPI scores at t0(p= .789). Regarding t1and t2, no statistically significant difference was found between the three groups (p > .05).

Conclusion

CHX and PVP‐I efficacy lasted only for 3 days, and PVP‐I was not superior to CHX in terms of plaque control in toddlers. However, further studies are needed to determine the long‐term efficacy of these antiplaque agents in toddlers.
Inflammasome activation and metabolic remodelling in p16‐positive aging cells aggravates high‐fat diet‐induced lung fibrosis by inhibiting NEDD4L‐mediated K48‐polyubiquitin‐dependent degradation of SGK1
Authors: Gu Xin , Meng Haoyu , Peng Chengyi , Lin Shiyu , Li Baihong , Zhao Lin , Yang Xue , Wang Guangyan , Cai Wenyuan , Zhou Jiawen , Liu Shuiyuan , Wu Peng , Du Yingqiang , Jin Jianliang , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: June 2023

Background

Chronic changes caused by a high‐fat diet (HFD) may be associated with weakened lung function in obese patients. However, few studies have focused on the role of senescent cells in HFD‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to determine whether (i) obesity causes the accumulation of aging cells in the lungs, (ii) p16 accumulation in aging epithelial cells or fibroblasts exacerbates long‐term HFD‐induced senescence‐associated pulmonary fibrosis (SAPF) and (iii) p16 deletion or clearance of aging cells ameliorates HFD‐induced SAPF through inactivation of the inflammasome and metabolic remodelling.

Methods

Twelve‐month old male mice of p16INK4a (hereafter p16) knockout (p16−/−) and wild‐type (WT), ApoE knockout (ApoE−/−) and ApoE−/−p16−/− were fed a HFD to induce obesity, and the effects of treatment with the senolytic drug ABT263 or the SGK1 specific inhibitor EMD638683 on fibrosis, inflammaging, gene expression, integrin‐inflammasome signalling and metabolism were examined. A549 and IMR‐90 cells were transduced with p16‐overexpressing adenovirus, and treated with palmitic and oleic acids (P&O) to induce steatosis in vitro.

Results

We found that long‐term HFD promoted the expression of p16 and the increase of senescent cells in the lung. P16 knockout or ABT263 treatment alleviated pulmonary fibrosis, the increase of senescent cells and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in HFD‐fed mice, as well as in P&O‐treated A549 and IMR‐90 cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed that p16 knockout inhibited activation of the integrin‐inflammasome pathway and cellular glycolysis. Mass spectrometry, co‐immunoprecipitation and GST pull‐down assays demonstrated that p16 bound to the N‐terminal of SGK1, thereby interfering with the interaction between the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L and SGK1, and subsequently inhibiting K48‐polyubiquitin‐dependent degradation of SGK1 mediated by the NEDD4L–Ubch5 complex. EMD638683 was found to alleviate HFD‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and activation of the integrin‐inflammasome pathway.

Conclusion

P16 accumulation promoted activation of integrin– inflammasome pathway and cell glycolysis by binding to the N– terminal of SGK1, intefering with the interaction between the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L and SGK1, thereby inhibiting K48– polyubiquitin– dependent degradation of SGK1 mediated by the NEDD4L–Ubch5 complex. ABT263 or EMD638683 could be used as potential drugs to treat pulmonary fibrosis in obese patients.