bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Garrisoned District to Chinese Town: Land and Boundaries at the Kowloon Walled City, 1898-1912
Authors: Wang Y. L. Lucy
Published: February 2022

The Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong became a named entity around 1810 and was demolished in 1994, but its architecture had long been unclassified. Not until the years just prior to its demolition did this dense slum of informal multi-story buildings receive sustained attention from architects and architectural historians. However, the architectural nature of the six-acre area predated its late-20th-century state. After its founding as a Qing military outpost, it underwent various structural additions and renovations, including an imperial Chinese administrative complex known as a yamen [衙門] and an outer wall, after which the Walled City was named. Against the grain of scholarship that has focused on the Walled City’s postwar, informal architecture, this article considers the site’s early years, arguing that the Walled City’s yamen and outer wall played a crucial role in the region’s land management practices. These two architectural structures make legible the Walled City’s evolution from a Qing administrative zone to a crowded slum. The Convention of 1898 ushered in a British-led land surveying effort throughout the New Territories region of Hong Kong, followed by the creation of an intricate bureaucracy for managing land lots. This clash of empires saw the use of two forms of land knowledge, Qing land deeds and British cadastral land surveys. In between these systems existed the Walled City, its inhabitation falling outside the British conception of land division but its historical contours very much shaped by the architectural boundaries that gave it its name.
Tenofovir-silver nanoparticles conjugate ameliorates neurocognitive disorders and protects ultrastructural and cytoarchitectonic properties of the prefrontal cortex in diabetic rats
Authors: LAWAL SODIQ , Olojede Samuel Oluwaseun , Sulaiman Sheu Oluwadare , Aladeyelu Okikioluwa Stephen , Moodley Roshila , Naidu Edwin C. Stephen , Rennie Carmen Olivia , Azu Onyemaechi Okpara
Published: February 2022

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the highly recommended antiretroviral drug in human immunodeficiency virus management. Although research has shown the neurological and metabolic disorders associated with TDF administration, the effect of TDF-silver nanoparticles conjugate (TDF-AgNPs) on the disorders has not been fully elucidated. Thus, this study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of TDF-AgNPs on ultrastructural and cytoarchitectonic properties of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in diabetic rats. Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 13 g) were randomly divided into non-diabetic groups (1-3) and diabetic groups (4-6), each administered distilled water (0.5 ml/100g, p.o), TDF (26.8 mg/kg/bw, p.o) or TDF-AgNPs (6.7 mg/kg, i.p). After eight weeks of administration, cognitive function, oxidative injury and tissue inflammation were evaluated. Also, PFC ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy, Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry. Diabetic rats administered TDF exhibited cognitive deficits; and increases in blood glucose, malondialdehyde and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels, which correlate with decreases in glutathione level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Furthermore, loss of PFC astrocytes and neuronal organelles was observed. Conversely, TDF-AgNPs administration to diabetic rats improved cognitive deficits; and increased glutathione, SOD, and catalase, but reduced PFC malondialdehyde and IL-1β concentrations. Notably, TDF-AgNPs prevented loss of PFC neurons and astrocytic cells, and morphology aberration of neuronal organelles. This study suggests that TDF-AgNPs attenuated cognitive deficits via silver nanoparticles' antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, preventing the loss of PFC astrocytes and neurons. The TDF-AgNPs may be utilized to ameliorate the neurological dysfunction caused by prolonged TDF administration.
Implications for general practitioner of evolution of incidence rates of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated people as of December 2021 with the highest spike of infections of the entire pandemic
Authors: Jose Luis Turabian
Published: February 2022

From the extension of the COVID-19 vaccination in December 2020 to the end of the summer of 2021, cases of breakthrough Infection in vaccinated people were rare and their attack rate was low (0.01%-5.5%). Of course, in light of the increase in vaccination rates, breakthrough Infection in vaccinated people progressively could represent the majority of all COVID-19 cases. But at the end of December 2021, the world registered the highest number of COVID-19 infections in a week. Just a few months ago, the evolution that seemed reasonable was thought to be the elimination of the pandemic. But Delta, and Omicron after, arrived; and we weren’t expecting them. The latter clearly evades immunity against vaccine-based infection, and breakthrough infections are becoming more common. This situation causes certain effects at the community level and has implications for the general practitioner: 1. Availability of vaccines has brought about a change that, when they began to be applied, seemed much more promising than it is currently; 2. This context may increase denial regarding COVID-19 vaccines; 3. Vaccination has contributed to an appreciable reduction in the number of serious and critical clinical cases; 4. Attack rates in vaccinated will increase as the proportion of vaccinated increases; 5. The importance of booster doses when immunity falls; 6. Incidence rates at the community level and official diagnostic tests will no longer be important.
Hermandades y Cofradías. Un estudio de caso, la cofradía del Señor SANT ROQUE DE LLODIO, de José Ignacio Urquijo Valdivielso
Authors: José Ignacio Urquijo Valdivielso
Published: February 2022

Con este título José Ignacio Urquijo publica su tercer libro de Sociología de la Religión. Está editado en octubre de 2021 por Editorial ACISE, división editorial de la Asociación de Ciencias Sociales de Extremadura.

El libro comienza con un prólogo realizado por Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez presidente de ACISE que, entre otras cuestiones, remarca como: “El interés sociológico, en el marco de la sociología de las religiones es induda­ble. Por su parte, este mismo autor, para el caso de las hermandades establece un claro vínculo con la sociología al referir a Max Weber y su trabajo de 1922 titu­lado Wirtschaft und Gessellschaft, Grundriss der Verstehenden Soziologie. La base de las hermandades es la relación de parentesco entre hermanos, pero por exten­sión, se eleva a toda relación de amistad, confianza íntima y comparable, entre no hermanos. En un caso se trata de relaciones familiares; pero también, ya digo por extensión, de agrupación de carácter también primario, aunque no familiar. En esa segunda aceptación, el término hermandad ha tenido y tiene contenidos muy variados según los medios culturales. Algunas formas incluso de carácter político como fueron las germanías en Valencia, semejantes a las comunidades de Castilla, como menos significación orgánica, claro. Desde luego las herman­dades religiosas son muy variadas y próximas o equivalentes a órdenes, cofradías o congregaciones; muy en línea, esto último, de lo desarrollado por Urquijo Val­divielso en este destacado libro.”
¿Destruir estatuas o escribir libros? La gesta de Hernando de Soto en los Estados Unidos. Tomas Calvo Buezas
Authors: Tomas Calvo Buezas
Published: February 2022

Ante historias pasadas, con otros sistemas éticos de valores y otras estructuras socioculturales muy distintas a las nuestras actuales, caben dos posturas axiológicas muy diferentes. La más primaria y pasional, también la más bárbara es asesinar, “exterminar”,” destruir”, “derribar” a una persona, a una estatua, a un símbolo, que odiamos; y es una acción que puede realizarse en unos instantes, en una hora. La otra forma de mirar el pasado y sus personajes es estudiarlos en su complejo contexto histórico, en su mundo cultural y social, en sus entramados de relaciones sociales, en su sistema simbólico, religioso, moral e ideológico, analizando sus sombras, pero también sus luces. Y esta segunda empresa, más sabia, laboriosa y humanista, exige muchas más horas, días, meses e incluso años, como les ha llevado a Feliciano Correa y a Juan Estepa a investigar, consultar archivos y escribir su relevante libro sobre Hernando de Soto, conquistador español del siglo XVI, que contiene. una minuciosa y abundante documentación sobre la gesta de un explorador, que transitó en el siglo XVI por los caminos de Perú, Centroamérica y el actual sureste de Estados Unidos.
[RETRACTED] IRON MAXXX Male Enhancement Report 2022 : Does It Scam ? v1
Authors: not provided ironmaxmale
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

We all know that erectile dysfunction can be a hard issue to deal with, but you’re not alone. There are natural ways to keep your energy and sexual levels up and have a healthy sex life.
A Corpus-Based Study on the Most Frequently Used English Prepositions: A Conceptual Transfer Perspective
Authors: Nghi Tran Tin , Phuc Tran Huu
Published: February 2022

This corpus-based study aims to examine the frequencies of English preposition usages from the perspective of conceptual transfer. The authors have built up a corpus from third-year English – majored students' Academic writing tasks (HSAC) as their Ending-course assignments from Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry for two consecutive semesters in the academic year 2019 – 2020. This corpus was used as the source of data in analyzing the frequencies of prepositions in their essays. Two hundred and fifty pieces of writing were examined. The concordance output was used to determine the frequency of English preposition usage and types of errors via Sketch Engine Software. The findings showed a negative relationship between prepositional senses and their collocations with certain Vietnamese linguistic features. The study also revealed that negative conceptual transfer was recurrent and systematic. Based upon the findings, a conceptual framework for teaching and learning functional words like prepositions was drawn for language teachers and learners in a foreign language context.
Intentionality of Poetic Discourse
Authors: Bezugla Liliia , Ostapchenko Viktoriia
Published: February 2022

This paper provides a new conception of analysing poetic text in terms of speech act theory proceeding from Searle’s concept of intentionality, from Dijk’s view on literary speech act based on the intention of the author and from Merilai’s understanding of pragmapoetics. We argue that the author’s intention in the poetic discourse comes in two varieties: the referential and the aesthetic ones. The referential intention is the author’s attitude towards the text content. The aesthetic intention is the author’s attitude towards the language form, through which the content is expressed. Thus, two kinds of speech acts are performed simultaneously: 1) referential, based on the referential intention, involving an illocution and being fictional, as the sincerity rule is violated; 2) aesthetic, based on the aesthetic intention. The latter is a specific subtype of expressive illocution as the author's illocutionary goal is to express a positive emotional-evaluative attitude solely toward the language form, while the perlocutionary goal is to influence the reader's aesthetic feelings regarding this form. These kinds of intention are reflected at both the level of the utterance and the whole text. Thus two communication levels are taken into consideration: the vertical and horizontal ones. The poetic texts of “New objectivity”, a literary movement in German Weimar Republic in 1918–1933 have been used to observe these regularities.
Motivational Factors and Intended Efforts in Learning East Asian Languages Among Thai Undergraduate Students
Authors: Yang Luoling , Chanyoo Natthapong
Published: February 2022

The objective of the current study was to investigate undergraduate students’ motivation in learning three East Asian languages (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean), with intended effort used as a measure of motivation, based on Dörnyei’s L2MSS theory (2005) and five other predictors. The study’s participants were 95 undergraduate students, recruited by convenient random sampling on a voluntary basis, eight of whom volunteered to participate in interviews. Descriptive data and Pearson correlations were used to identify language learning motivations and the relationship between predictors and the intended effort, while a qualitative content analysis was used to support quantitative findings. The results revealed that the participants showed high levels of motivation in learning East Asian languages. A strong linear relationship was found between L2 learning experience, with all languages studied, and the ideal L2 self component. Moreover, the factor of intended effort had a positive relationship with instrumentality-promotion (r = .651, p = .000), international posture (r = .275, p = .003), and cultural/community interest (r = .426, p = .000) in Chinese learners, cultural/community interest (r = .433, p = .015) in Japanese learners, and international posture (r = .446, p = .015) in Korean learners. Nonetheless, instrumentality-prevention and intended effort were negatively related in Japanese learners (r = -.420, p = .019). The study recommends a comprehensive study be undertaken to investigate the role of L2 learning experience and its importance in L2 learning.
Applying Web-Based Technology in Developing Student Worksheets on Writing Local Culture Content Drama Script
Authors: Nurhayati  , Suwartono Tono , Saripudin Agus , Juwita Neneng
Published: February 2022

The purposes of this study were to identify the students’ and teacher’s needs for student worksheets for teaching local culture content drama scripts writing based on the verses of Sultan Abdul Muluk (SAM), to design a prototype of the worksheets, to obtain expert validation of the prototype, to determine the worksheets’ practicality, and to examine the effectiveness of the developed worksheets. The research procedures were based on Plomp's model and Tessmer's modified model of Research & Development. Data were collected employing multiple techniques. To obtain information on the student and teacher needs, questionnaires were administered and an interview was conducted. To ascertain the validity of the worksheets, an expert validation was carried out. To determine practicality of the worksheets, a small group evaluation was conducted, and questionnaires were administered. To examine the effectiveness of the worksheets, field tests of script writing were carried out. Results of the need analysis revealed that all students and teachers needed elearning-based student worksheets on drama scripts writing based on SAM verses. Based on expert validation, the developed worksheet was categorized as valid. Based on the small group evaluation, the worksheet was considered practical. Results of the field tests indicated that the worksheet was effective. The implication is that the worksheet is of great importance and, therefore, will likely become a major instructional material for teaching drama script writing based on SAM verses.
The Effects of Blended Learning on Foreign Language Learners’ Oral English Competence
Authors: Teng Xuan , Zeng Ying
Published: February 2022

Attainment of oral competence is an important goal for English teaching and learning in middle schools in China. However, the level of Chinese middle school students’ oral proficiency is in general less than satisfactory. To find a possible solution to this issue, this study empirically investigated the effect of blended learning on the development of foreign language learners’ oral English competence. Following the blended model and the four-step pedagogical method for teaching speaking (Wang, 2014), the experimental class, consisting of 46 junior middle school students, participated in this study and took a pretest, an immediate post-test, a delayed post-test, and an interview. Their test scores were compared with the control class which involved 45 junior middle school students receiving the traditional teaching method and following the same procedure. The results showed that the blended learning method had remarkable effect on the improvement of oral accuracy and fluency, but not complexity. In addition, the blended environment facilitates the encoding process of the input and the actualization of the transition from object- and other-regulation to self-regulation.
Lexicographic Portrait of the Italian Approximative Quasi and Its Synonyms
Authors: Mercantini Simona , Cherkashyna Tetiana , Skrypnik Iryna
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the nominative approximation strategies in the Italian language and provides an integrated semantic description of the approximate functions of the lexeme quasi and its synonyms. The article is divided into four sections. In the first section we introduce the term approximation, as it is a relatively poorly studied semantic category, although scientific interest in this regard is growing. In the second section we present a fundamental, but still little known, publication on approximation based on the study of the French language, being the first comprehensive study on this semantic category. In the third section we present the dictionary use of the word quasi. Finally, in the fourth section, we analyze and describe the morphological, semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of lexeme quasi and its synonyms, as well as their combinability and communicative characteristics in order to provide an analysis model for further studies on the semantic category of approximation. The semantic analysis of the approximative quasi and its synonyms demonstrate how the dictionary meaning of the approximatives is fundamental to identify and distinguish their various approximate characters.
Research on Construction of Advanced English Teaching Based on Production-Oriented Approach
Authors: Wang Xinmei
Published: February 2022

In view of the separation of learning and application in foreign language teaching in China, a Production-Oriented Approach theory (POA theory) of integrating learning and application in foreign language teaching is proposed. The theory takes unit tasks with potential communicative value as the teaching target, and students selectively learn input materials under the guidance of teachers, and finally achieve effective output and complete communicative tasks. This paper tries to apply POA theory to Advanced English Teaching by decomposing the overall goal to sub-goals within a unit task, so as to stimulate students’ enthusiasm for learning and willingness to produce.
An Analysis of Linguistic Discourses and Literary Techniques in Meena Kandasamy’s Select Works
Authors: Sangeetha J. , Mohan S. , Hariharasudan A. , Kannan R.
Published: February 2022

Language becomes the vulnerable person's first offensive weapon, one that will spark a debate, show shortcomings, and compel others to take sides. It is a fundamental medium for engagement and communication. It not only represents and interprets facts and observations, but it also has an impact on people's views and actions because it is an integral aspect of society's cultural conditions. As a result, the current research will concentrate on the language and linguistics aspects of notable Indian writer Meena Kandasamy and her well-known works such as Touch (2006), Ms. Militancy (2010), The Gypsy Goddess (2014) and When I Hit You (2017). The study's findings reveal that Kandasamy's work transcends the boundaries of postcolonial mobility and diversity by demonstrating the material and the subject matter's resolute tenacity, authenticity, and rawness.
A Study on Functional Equivalence in Translation of Lyric Prose — A Case of Autumn in Peiping by Zhang Peiji
Authors: Zhou Rui
Published: February 2022

The Functional Equivalence Theory put forward by Eugene Nida, an American translation theorist, notes that translation is a process of using the closest and most natural equivalent in the target language to reproduce the information of the source language. It emphasizes the equivalence of information content and form, and prose translation aims to convey information and reproduce the style of the source text. Therefore, the Functional Equivalence Theory has great application space in the text analysis of prose translation. In this paper, the author discusses how to apply the theory of Functional Equivalence to the translating of modern Chinese lyric prose into English. Taking Autumn in Peiping translated by Zhang Peiji as a case study, the author of this paper explores how the translator achieved equivalence in lexical, syntactical and stylistic aspects on the ground of citing typical examples. The method of qualitative research is used in this paper. In the framework of the Functional Equivalence Theory, the author tries to analyze and evaluate how word choice, sentence structure and style function in conveying the meaning of the source text. It is found that the theory of Functional Equivalence is of guidance in analyzing the translation effect of Autumn in Peiping. Lexically, equivalence is realized through correspondence, non-correspondence and zero in semantic translation. Syntactically, the translator used different sentence structures and cohesive devices to convey the intended meaning. Stylistically, some workable strategies are adopted to deal with translation difficulties in expressive function and aesthetic appeal.
Revisiting Domestic Violence in Poe's “The Black Cat”: The Narrator Between Psychological Struggle and Egoistic Masculinity
Authors: Shehabat Abdullah K. , Khair Baker Bany , Al-Shara Zaydun
Published: February 2022

The present paper aims at demonstrating Poe’s depiction of domestic violence as a technique to demonstrate his chaotic loss in between his Psychological Struggle and his Egoistic Masculinity. It shows how readers sometimes get lost in search of a judicious cause for the extensive use of violence amongst the chaotic sociopolitical conditions that prevailed that period then. A psychoanalytical perspective was provided to unveil some of the hidden and unsaid facts within some of the gothic literary scenes that were analyzed and examined in light of the narrator’s internal struggle between his traumatic psychology and egoistic masculinity. Among others, the present researchers have found that there are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that genuinely contributed to the increasing scenes of persistent violence committed by the unnamed narrator, but not limited for alcoholism and the unbalanced psychological disorder as the narrator wished to display.
Fictive Motion and Its Rhetorical Effect in Chinese Novels
Authors: He Xiujun
Published: February 2022

Fictive motion is to represent stability by motion; it is first put forward by Talmy, who divided the fictive motion into five categories, that is to say, “emanation,” “pattern paths,” “frame-relative motion,” “advent paths,” “access paths,” and “coextension paths.”. Fictive motion is not only used in English, but also widely used in Chinese, especially in Chinese literary works, in which fictive motion has an intimate relationship with the figure of speech. The use of fictive motion and figure of speech make the works vivid and interesting. This paper intends to discuss the fictive motion and its rhetorical effect in Chinese novels.
Influences of Language Shift on Speech Fluency in Memory Production of Unbalanced Chinese-English Bilinguals
Authors: Wang Lulu
Published: February 2022

Language shift at encoding and retrieval has been demonstrated to influence memory. However, previous studies of language shift mostly focused on memory accuracy, leaving its effect on fluency of memory production neglected. The current study sets out to investigate how encoding language and delay interval influence speech fluency in memory production. In the study, 60 Chinese ESL learners were asked to verbally retell two stories in immediate or delayed memory tests. One story was learned in English but recalled in Chinese, and the other was learned and recalled both in Chinese. The fluency of their speech reproduction during story recall was manifested by production fluency and pause rate. The results show that encoding in English and retrieving in Chinese leads to more pauses and lower fluency than encoding and retrieving both in Chinese. However, the language shift effect on speech production diminishes after 24 hours’ delay. The results suggest the key role of delay interval in modulating language shift effect and shed light on bilingual memory and bilingual education.
The Impact of the Characters’ Traumatic Memories on Their Family Patterns in The Joy Luck Club
Authors: Wei Jiaoliu
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the study of The Joy Luck Club cannot get rid of the words “cultural conflict between the East and the West”, “post-colonial feminism”, “Chinese identity”, “mother-daughter relationship”. And Tan’s The Joy Luck Club on the surface seems to write about the mode of getting along with mothers and daughters and their difficult life under the conflicts of the two cultural backgrounds between China and the United States. But making a deep analysis, the family formed by them has a unique family model, and in addition to Chinese and Western cultural conflicts and other factors that affect these four families, there is also the traumatic memory of the mothers and daughters. This paper attempts to analyze the traumas of four couples of mothers and daughters in the novel, explore the sources of these traumas. Furthermore, it will explore the impact of these traumas on the relationship between mothers and daughters, and then find out what kind of family model will be formed by the traumatized mothers and daughters.
PENGARUH METODE KATA LEMBAGA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN ANAK BERKESULITAN BELAJAR MEMBACA
Authors: Pratiwi Suci Ayu , Ratnengsih Een
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh metode kata lembaga terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan anak berkesulitan membaca. Metode penelitiannya adalah eksperimen dengan one group pre-test post-test. Populasi dan sampel adalah siswa kelas dua, tiga dan empat SDN 138 Gegerkalong dan SD Miftahul Iman. Analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. Pengambilan data dengan pre-test dan post test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan skor rata-rata post-test lebih besar 78,30 dari pada skor rata-rata pretest 25. Hasil analisis non parametric diperoleh nilai Z=-2.366 dengan nilai P= 0,018. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu metode kata lembaga secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan anak berkesulitan membaca. Peningkatan terlihat pada kata berdiftong yang memiliki kaidah bunyi tersendiri, hal ini sejalan dengan metode kata lembaga yang menjadikan bunyi sebagai titik tolak proses membaca sehingga mampu mengintegrasikan persepsi auditori dengan persepsi visual secara utuh.
PENGARUH PAPER QUILLING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK TUNAGRAHITA SEDANG
Authors: Yusnisari Sinta , Tarsidi Iding
Published: February 2022

Kemampuan motorik halus memiliki peranan penting. Jika kemampuan motorik halus pada anak tidak berkembang secara optimal, anak akan mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari Pada anak tunagrahita sedang sering ditemukan permasalahan mengenai kemampuan motorik halus yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran pengaruh paper quilling terhadap peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus anak tunagrahita sedang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest posttest, dengan 6 orang subjek penelitian. Pengambilan data menggunakan tes kinerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus yang cukup signifikan, hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil perhitungan uji Wilcoxon dimana T hitung lebih besar dari T tabel yaitu T hitung = 21 dan T tabel = 3. Disimpulkan paper quilling berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus anak tunagrahita sedang. Pengaruh yang terjadi sebesar 81,5%. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak tunagrahita, pendidik dapat menggunakan paper quilling dalam pembelajaran.
PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK PERMAINAN MISSING LETTERS TERHADAP PENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA TUNARUNGU
Authors: Pertiwi Sandra , Warnandi Nandi
Published: February 2022

Ketunarunguan memberikan dampak pada perkembangan bahasanya. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mendukung keterampilan berbahasa siswa tunarungu ialah penguasaan kosakata. Pada umumnya siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memperoleh kosakata terlebih dalam kosakata bahasa Inggris. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya teknik khusus yang diberikan bagi anak tunarungu yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kosakata bahasa Inggris yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada apakah penggunaan teknik permainan missing letters efektif terhadap peningkatan penguasaan kosakata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas teknik penggunaan permainan missing letters terhadap peningkatkan kosakata bahasa Inggris siswa tunarungu. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pre-experiment tanpa kelompok pembanding atau disebut pretest and posttest group design, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan teknik permainan missing letters efektif terhadap peningkatan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris siswa tunarungu kelas VII SMPLB Handayani Sukabumi, khususnya kosakata dalam tema body parts dan school environment.
INTERAKSI SOSIAL SISWA TUNARUNGU JENJANG SEKOLAH DASAR DI SEKOLAH INKLUSIF
Authors: Desyanti Cindy Eka , Gunawan Dudi
Published: February 2022

Ketunarunguan berdampak pada aspek bahasa dan interaksi sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi sosial siswa tunarungu jenjang sekolah dasar di sekolah inklusif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses interaksi sosial siswa tunarungu jenjang sekolah dasar di sekolah inklusif cukup baik, siswa dapat bertindak sebagai pihak yang memberikan aksi dan pihak yang memberikan reaksi. Bentuk interaksi sosial yang berkembang pada siswa tunarungu adalah menggoda, kerjasama, agresi, berselisih, persaingan, simpati, pembangkangan, tingkah laku berkuasa, dan mementingkan diri sendiri. Hambatan yang terjadi pada siswa tunarungu yaitu hambatan internal dalam berkomunikasi, berupa kesulitan dalam mengungkapkan keinginan pada lawan bicara, dan kesulitan dalam memahami apa yang diungkapkan lawan bicara. Untuk mengatasinya upaya yang dilakukan siswa tunarungu itu sendiri yaitu berkomunikasi menggunakan isyarat dan media lainnya seperti ujaran, gerakan tubuh, tulisan dan gambar. Upaya yang dilakukan guru adalah melakukan kegiatan membaca, mengajar dengan menggunakan ujaran yang jelas dan disertai isyarat atau gerakan tubuh. Sedangkan upaya yang dilakukan teman sebaya adalah belajar bahasa isyarat, membantu mengucapkan kata-kata dengan benar, dan membantu siswa tunarungu untuk menerjemahkan bahasa.
PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK DALAM PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL BENTUK BANGUN DATAR SEDERHANA PADA PESERTA DIDIK TUNARUNGU
Authors: Hasanah Ummul
Published: February 2022

Ketunarunguan berdampak terhadap rendahnya kemampuan anak tunarungu dalam mengabstraksi konsep ruang termasuk mengenal bentuk bangun datar. Pemahaman anak tunarungu tentang konsep ruang sangat penting untuk dikembangkan, untuk itu diperlukan pendekatan pembelajaran agar anak tunarungu dapat mengenal bentuk bangun datar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap peningkatan kemampuan mengenal bentuk bangun datar peserta didik tunarungu. Metode penelitiannya adalah ekperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Desain yang digunakan One group Pretest- Postest.Teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes tulis dan perbuatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengujian hipotesis disimpulkan pendekatan matematika realistik eeefeektif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik tunarungu dalam mengenal bentuk bangun datar. Hal ini terlihat dari meningkatnya kemampuan mengenal bentuk bangun datar. Hasil penelitian dapat menjadi rujukan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar untuk menerapkan pendekatan matematika realistik pada tema dan materi lain.
UPAYA PEMBIMBING ASRAMA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN PESERTA DIDIK TUNANETRA DI ASRAMA SLBN A CITEUREUP CIMAHI
Authors: Amelia Ajeng , Ehan E. , Ahlan Riksma Nurahmi Rinalti
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembimbing asrama dalam meningkatkan kemandirian khususnya kemandirian nilai para peserta didik tunanetra yang memasuki usia remaja. Kemadirian nilai merupakan kemampuan memaknai seperangkat prinsip tentang benar dan salah, tentang apa yang penting dan apa yang tidak penting. Melalui pembimbing asrama yang menggantikan orang tua mereka, peserta didik di Asrama SLBN A Citeureup Cimahi diberi pelatihan untuk mentaati peraturan yang ada diasrama agar para peserta didik disiplin dan bertanggung jawab. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan observasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua orang pembimbing asrama dan peserta didik tunanetra yang berusia remaja 14-15 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembimbing asrama menyusun pembuatan program sampai pelaksanaannya dengan membuat peraturan yang disepakati oleh semua peserta didik tunanetra yang berasrama. Pembimbing asrama SLBN A Citeureup Cimahi mampu menghadapi dan mengupayakan permasalahan yang mempengaruhi kemandirian mereka, salah satunya dengan menjaga hubungan komunikasi, tidak dengan kekerasan dan selalu menerapkan sanksi yang telah disepakati.
EFFECT OF ADAPTIVE ATHLETIC ON SUBLIMATION NON VERBAL AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN PROBLEMS EMOTION AND BEHAVIOR
Authors: Ristianti Ilmi , Setiawan Atang , Wibowo Wahyu Setyo
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of adaptive athletics on the sublimation of non¬verbal aggressive behavior in children with emotional and behavioral disorders at SLB Bhina Putera Surakarta. This research needs to be done because non-verbal aggressive behavior is a destructive behavior that interferes with the child's learning process so that the child will have difficulty following the learning. This research is an experimental study using the Single Subject Research (SSR) approach. The research design used is the A-B-A 'design. The research subject is a child with emotional and behavioral disorder in sixth grade at SLB Bhina Putera. Collecting data by conducting observation on students using non-verbal aggressive behavior instruments. Then the data obtained were analyzed through descriptive statistics and displayed in graphs and tables. The components analyzed in this study were the analysis in conditions and between conditions. The results showed that there was a positive influence on the sublimation of children's non-verbal aggressive behavior after being intervened with adaptive athletics. The positive effect is indicated by an decrease in the mean level of the three phases. Starting from the baseline-1 phase (A1) with a mean level of 95,3%, the intervention phase (B) of 77,4%, and the baseline-2 phase (A2) of 52,7%. Then, the magnitude of the effect of intervention using adaptive athletics can be seen from the percentage overlap. The smaller the overlap percentage, the better the intervention effect. The result of overlap percentage is 11.1%. Thus, adaptive athletics influenced the sublimation of children's non-verbal aggressive behavior in SLB Bhina Putera by 88.9%.
LEARNING SWIMMING SPORTS TO REDUCE FEAR OF WATER FOR CHILDREN WITH A TUNAGRAHITA
Authors: Desianti Mega , Soendari Tjutju , Abdurahman Maman
Published: February 2022

This research based on the presence of mentally retarded students who feel afraid of water. The purpose of this study was to determine learning swimming sports to reduce student fear. This research is a descriptive study using a survey method. The research data was obtained through a questionnaire using saturated sampling technique because the number of respondents was less than 30 people. The validity test in this study used the product moment formula with r hit r tab (0.352), there were 13 valid items. Reliability test using Cronbach's alpha formula with reliability results of (0.793). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The results obtained indicate that the response of parents to the research questions is acceptable (positive) with a percentage of (68%). There are obstacles that occur, namely the fearful behavior of students shown during the learning process. However, due to the efforts of students and the solution from the teacher, namely by implementing the introduction of water, students' courage can be formed. It can be concluded that learning swimming sports which is implemented goes well.
Using Image Media on Reading Text to Improve Reading Comprehension of Student with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Wadihah Hilyatul , Fauzi Aminulloh
Published: February 2022

This study aims to improve students' ability in reading comprehension. One of the media that can be used for learning is image media. Image media is a visual medium that can increase the level of communication more concretely. These images also play a role in understanding the text they read. The method used is classroom action research which is a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. The subjects of this study consisted of 2 intellectual disabilities students in class X senior high school at Special Needs School Aditya Grahita Bandung. The results showed that the use of image media in the reading comprehension of intellectual disabilities. This is indicated by the increasing ability of students to answer questions concerning the text that is read even though the answers are not exactly the same as the text. In the learning, this study was carried out by the teacher, especially in learning Indonesian, students have increased in understanding the reading text. The use of image media in each reading text can improve reading comprehension for students with intellectual disabilities. Research is useful for students in understanding a reading that can be used as a reference for teachers in the learning process.
Phonic Methods on Increasing Reading Ability in Children with Visual Impairments
Authors: Nursina Aulia
Published: February 2022

Reading is an ability that must be possessed by every child, including children with special needs. This is the background of this study which aims to determine the extent of the influence of the phonic method on improving early reading skills in children with visual impairments. The research method used is an experimental method with a Single Subject Research (SSR) approach using an Applied Behavior Analysis (A-B-A) design. The presentation of the data is processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics with percentages and is displayed in graphical form. The results showed that the mean acquisition for each condition, namely the baseline phase 1 (Applied-1) was 52.50%, the intervention phase (Behavior) was 65.35%, and the baseline phase 2 (Analysis-2) increased to 87.50%. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the phonic method affected increasing the ability to read early in children with visual impairments. Therefore, this study can provide an alternative learning strategy for teachers in improving early reading skills in children with visual impairments using the phonic method.
The Effect of Jentreng Music Therapy on Increasing The Concentration of Student With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Komala Puspita , Yuniarsih Yuyun
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of jentreng music therapy on increasing the concentration of students with intellectual disabilities. This study used a qualitative descriptive method for 2 students with intellectual disabilities who have difficulty concentrating at the Special School of Bhakti Mulia 2 Sumedang. The results showed that there was an increase in the concentration ability of mentally retarded students after doing jentreng music therapy. Because jentreng music therapy has a calm character, it can make students calmer in their behavior and increase concentration in the learning process. Jentreng music therapy can be said to affect increasing the concentration ability of students with intellectual disabilities. Jentreng music therapy can be considered by teachers to be used before the learning process begins for students with intellectual disabilities and can be developed for other students with special needs.
The Use of Straw String Media to Improve Pre-Writing Skills for Children With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ahadianingsih Monica Nur
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of straw string media to improve pre-writing skills for children with intellectual disabilities. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using demonstration learning methods and assignments. The research subjects were three children with intellectual disabilities at the Special School. The results showed that students experienced an increase in pre-writing skills. This is proved by the average acquisition of students' pre-writing skills which increases in each cycle. The results of the post-test showed that the average score of the students increased by 43% compared to the results of the pre-test. The success of this method is due to the use of straw string media which helps students improve pre-writing skills. This study demonstrates that the use of straw string media can make it easier for students to improve pre-writing skills and also makes it easier for teachers to guide students, especially children with intellectual disabilities.
The Use of Drill Method in Improving the Ability to brush Teeth Self-help for Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Marliana Intan Maharani Dian , Supriyadi Agus
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of the drill method in improving the ability to brush teeth for students with intellectual disabilities. The method used is the method of demonstration, assignment, and question, and answer. The subjects of this study were 2 students with intellectual disabilities at the Special School in Tasikmalaya, West Java. The results of the study showed the development of student's abilities, which can be seen from the changes in students' scores increase. The score obtained by D in the initial ability is 40 with a percentage of 50% to 75 with a percentage of 93.75% there is an increase of 43.75% and the score obtained by E in the initial ability is 20 with a percentage of 25% to 61 with a percentage of 76.25% there was an increase of 51.25%. That's because using the drill method makes it easier for students to understand the procedure for brushing teeth. Students with intellectual disabilities need repeated learning to become a habit. The use of methods that suit the needs of students can help students to more easily understand learning materials, especially students with intellectual disabilities. The drilling method can be considered by teachers to be used in the self-help learning process, especially brushing teeth for students with intellectual disabilities, and can be developed for learning other materials.
Analysis of Learning Independence of Children with Special Needs
Authors: Putri Yusi Adetia , Susetyo Budi , Tarsidi Iding
Published: February 2022

Learning independence is an important value that every student must have. Students in SLB B Budi Nurani, Sukabumi City need to be independent in the learning process, because in fact all students are not yet independent, in other words there are still students who need help from others in learning. The purpose of this study was to determine how the independent learning of children with hearing impairment in SMPLB SLB B Budi Nurani, Sukabumi City. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The independence analysis in this study was conducted on five students. In conducting this study of independent learning, researchers measured learning independence using an instrument in the form of an observation sheet. Data collection is done by means of observation, then the data obtained is then analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The conclusion of this research is that the class VIII hearing impairment child of SMPLB B Budi Nurani Sukabumi City is independent in learning. This is based on the results of research data processing which shows the percentage per indicator achieved by deaf grade VIII children is in the independent and very independent category.
The Use of Basic Sewing Book to Improve Sewing Ability with Student with Autism
Authors: Nuraina Nurisma , Fajarianie Lusie
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of basic sewing books to improve the ability to sew basting stitches for students with autisms. The method used in this classroom action research is a demonstration learning method. The subjects of this study were 3 students with autisms at Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Sukanagara. The use of basic sewing books showed an increase in the ability to sew on a bast stitch in all students. In the third cycle, each student gets a score that exceeds the minimum completeness criteria that have been set, which is 81. This happened because the basic sewing books used were easy to understand and follow by students. This study demonstrates that the use of an easy-to-understand basic sewing book will accelerate students' understanding. In addition, a good basic sewing book will also make it easier for teachers to guide students, especially for students with autisms.
The Use of Interactive Educa Studio Media as an Effort to Increase Buying Introduction Ability in Supermarket for Student with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Roshandayani Puput
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to improve the ability to recognize buying and selling in supermarkets through interactive Educa studio media for students with mild intellectual disabilities. This study used classroom action research using interactive learning methods for students with mild intellectual disabilities as many as 5 students who took the test. The data collection technique in this study is a qualitative descriptive technique. We collected data based on the results of the tests imposed on respondents. Based on the results of the three cycles of action, it can be concluded that the use of Educa studio media can increase the ability to recognize buying and selling in supermarkets with an average increase in achievement of 0.5, learning achievement when compared to the initial conditions increases by an average of 1.5 from 5.00 to 6.50.
Modern trends in the study of aphasia
Authors: Markelov Grigory I.
Published: February 2022

In the history of the doctrine of aphasia, there are already several eras. The most accurate moment in the history of this doctrine was in 1861, when Broca made a report at the Paris Medical Academy, in which, on the basis of two autopsies, he argued that the integrity of the third and partly the second left frontal gyri is necessary for the correct formation of speech.

A few years later, the fact was noted that a violation of the integrity of the Broca gyrus inevitably entails aphasia, but that aphasia is far from always associated with a lesion of the Broca gyrus. Already Meynert (1866) and Sander (1869) proved that the symptom complex of aphasia and its anatomical basis are much more complex than Broca suggested.
N. N. Yakunin. Report of the nervous department of the infirmary for the wounded at the Moscow Mariinsky Hospital. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S. S. Korsakov. 1908, book. 2
Authors: Sergeev L. A.
Published: February 2022

A condensed report of the above infirmary for 1 year 6 months. the Russo-Japanese War led the author to the following conclusions; among injuries, damage to the nervous system is not the last in terms of the severity of its consequences, and among them injuries of the spinal cord and brain are the most bleak. Most of these wounded remain disabled for the rest of their lives.