bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Technique for the Evaluation of Mature Tree Crown Growth
Authors: Seiler John , McBee Paul
Published: May 2022

A simple, rapid technique for estimation of projected tree crown area was evaluated. The technique utilizes photographs of tree crowns taken from two directions with an object of known scale present in each photograph. The photographs are then displayed onto a dot grid and the projected (two dimensional) crown surface area in square feet is estimated. Total height, crown width, and live crown length can also be estimated from the photographs. The estimates obtained from the photographs agree well with on-ground measurements of height and crown width. With this technique, reduction in growth due to pruning, growth regulator application or loss of vigor can be quantified.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Bantuan Khusus Siswa Miskin (BKSM) Menggunakan Metode Analytical HierarchyProcess
Authors: Arif Sujatmika
Published: May 2022

Salah satu sarana penunjang pendidikan adalah beasiswa. Dengan adanya beasiswa,Diharapkan dapat membantu meringankan beban orang tua dalam pembiayaan sekolah khususnya yang kurang mampu. Pemanfaatan dana Bantuan Khusus Siswa Miskin (BKSM) secara efektif akan mampu meringankan biaya pendidikan bagi siswa yang berasal dari keluarga kurang atau tidak mampu, sehingga mereka bisa diberikan termotivasi dalam belajar dan pada akhirnya adalah tercapainya prestasi belajar yang diharapkan. SMK Roudlotun Nasyiin Mojokerto termasuk salah satu sekolah yang sudah memanfaatkan komputer untuk penyelesaian berbagai macam tugas, akan tetapi pemanfaatannya terbilang belum maksimal. Bagian Tenaga Administrasi Sekolah (TAS) masih menggunakan metode manual, yaitu pada seleksi bantuan khusus siswa miskin (BKSM).
Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini akan dibuat sebuah aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan seleksi BKSM. Dengan adanya sistem pendukung keputusan tersebut, akan memudahkan pengurus dalam menentukan kelayakan penerima BKSM berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditentukan.
Kata Kunci— Sistem Pendukung Keputusan; Bantuan Khusus Siswa Miskin (BKSM)
Studi Analisis Perbandingan Pwm Carrier Untuk Multilevel Inverter Tiga Fasa Lima Belas Level Dengan Sumber Input Simetris Terpisah
Authors: Effendi  , Makandibengkel
Published: May 2022

Inverters are used to convert direct current or DC (Direct Current) sources into alternating current sources or AC (Alternating Current). A method is needed to make the output waveform close to a sinusoidal waveform. The Multi Level Inverter (MLI) method has a large number of levels and is closer to a sinusoidal wave. The three-phase MLI design with a separate symmetrical input source in this study is able to produce a three-phase output wave, where the resulting Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) value is smaller, namely 5.65% when using the Modified PWM method where the carrier signal has no frequency
Potato Plant Disease Detection using Deep Learning
Authors: Aniket Gahiware  , Nikhil Bawake  , Bhushan Dhage  , Lokesh Ahir  , Prof. V. K. Abang
Published: May 2022

Agriculture is one of the essential sectors for the survival of humankind. Farmers who grow potatoes are facing a lot of economical losses every year because of diseases that happened to a potato plant and if a farmer can detect the disease early then it can save lots of waste and can prevent the ecnomic loss. At the same time, digitalization touching across all the fields that became easier to handle various difficult tasks. Adapting technology as well as digitalization is very crucial for the field of agriculture to benefit the farmer as well as the consumer. Due to adopting technology and regular monitoring, one can able to identify the diseases at the very initial stages and those can be eradicated to obtain a better yield of the crop. In this document, a methodology was proposed for the detection as well as the classification of diseases that occur for the potato plants. For this scenario, the openly accessible, standard, and reliable data set was considered which was popularly known as Plant Village Dataset. There are basically two types of Diseases in potato plant. 1) Early Blight (caused by fungus). 2) Late Blight (caused by small microorganism). For Image Processing and training of model CNN (Convolutional Neural networks) is used. For data cleaning and preprocessing tf dataset and augmentation is used etc.
Efficient and Higher-Order Accurate Split-Step Methods for Generalised Newtonian Fluid Flow
Authors: Schussnig Richard , Pacheco Douglas R.Q. , Kaltenbacher Manfred , Fries Thomas-Peter
Published: May 2022

In various practically relevant incompressible flow problems, such as polymer flow or biomedicalengineering applications, the dependence of fluid viscosity on the local shear rate plays an impor-tant role. Standard techniques using inf-sup stable finite elements lead to saddle-point systemsposing a challenge even for state-of-the-art solvers and preconditioners.For efficiency, projection schemes or time-splitting methods decouple the governing equations forvelocity and pressure, resulting in more, but easier to solve linear systems. Doing so, boundaryconditions and correction terms at intermediate steps have to be carefully considered in order toprohibit spoiling accuracy. In the case of Newtonian incompressible fluids, pressure and velocitycorrection schemes of high-order accuracy have been devised (see, e.g. [1, 2]). However, the exten-sion to generalised Newtonian fluids is a non-trivial task and considered an open question. Deteixet al. [3] successfully adapted the popular rotational correction scheme to consider for shear-ratedependent viscosity, but this resulted in substantial numerical overhead caused by necessarily pro-jecting viscous stress components.In this contribution we address this shortcoming and present a split-step scheme, extending pre-vious work by Liu [4]. The new method is based on an explicit-implicit treatment of pressure,convection and viscous terms combined with a Pressure-Poisson equation equipped with fully con-sistent Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Through proper reformulation, the use ofstandard continuous finite element spaces is enabled due to low regularity requirements. Addition-ally, equal-order velocity-pressure pairs are applicable as in the original scheme.The stability, accuracy and efficiency of the higher-order splitting scheme is showcased in challeng-ing numerical examples of practical interest.[1] Karniadakis, G. E., Israeli, M. and Orszag, S. A. High-order splitting methods for the incom-pressible Navier-Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys., (1991).[2] Timmermans, L.J.P., Minev, P.D. and Van de Vosse, F. N. An approximate projection schemefor incompressible flow using spectral elements. Internat. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, Vol.22(7), pp. 673–688, (1996).[3] Deteix, J. and Yakoubi, D. Shear rate projection schemes for non-Newtonian fluids, Comput.Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., Vol. 354, pp. 620–636, (2019).[4] Liu, J. Open and traction boundary conditions for the incompressible NavierStokesequations.J. Comput. Phys., Vol. 228(19), pp. 7250..7267, (2009).
Multigrid Reduced in Time for Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Tielen Roel , Möller Matthias , Vuik Kees
Published: May 2022

Isogeometric Analysis [1] has become increasingly popular as an alternative to the Finite Element Method. Solving the resulting linear systems when adopting higher order B-spline basis functions remains a challenging task, as most (standard) iterative methods have a deteriorating preformance for higher values of the approximation order p.Recently, we succesfully applied p-multigrid methods to discretizations arising in IsogeometricAnalysis [2]. In contrast to h-multigrid methods, where each level of the multigrid hierarchycorresponds to a different mesh width h, the p-multigrid hierarchy is constructed based on different approximation orders. The residual equation is then solved at level p = 1, enabling the use of efficient solution techniques developed for low-order standard FEM. Numerical results show that the number of iterations needed for convergence is independent of both h and p when the p-multigrid method is enhanced with a smoother based on an Incomplete LU factorization with dual treshold (ILUT). However, a slight dependence on the number of patches has been observed for multipatch geometries.Since the resulting system matrix has a block structure in case of a multipatch geometry, weconsider the use of block ILUT as a smoother. Results indicate that the use of block ILUT can be an efficient alternative to ILUT on multipatch geometries within a heterogeneous HPC framework. Prelimenary results for p-multigrid methods adopting a block ILUT smoother will be presented in this talk. Furthermore, we investigate the use of alternative multigrid hierarchies, in particular when considering time-dependent problems.REFERENCES[1] T.J.R. Hughes, J.A. Cottrell and Y. Bazilevs, Isogeometric Analysis: CAD, Finite Elements,NURBS, Exact Geometry and Mesh Refinement, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanicsand Engineering, 194, 4135 - 4195, 2005[2] R.Tielen, M. Möller, D. Göddeke and C. Vuik, p-multigrid methods and their comparison toh-multigrid methods within Isogeometric Analysis, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanicsand Engineering, 372, 2020
Influence of track modelling in modal parameters of railway bridges composed by single-track adjacent decks
Authors: Sánchez Quesada Juan Carlos , Moliner E. , Romero A. , Galvín P. , Martínez-Rodrigo M.D.
Published: May 2022

A significant number of railway bridges composed by simply-supported (SS) spans are present in existing railway lines. Special attention must be paid to short to medium span length structures, as they are prone to experience high vertical acceleration levels at the deck, due to their low weight and damping, compromising the travelling comfort and the structural integrity. The accurate prediction of the dynamic response of these bridges is a complex issue since it is affected by uncertain factors such as structural damping and complex interaction mechanisms such as vehicle-bridge, soil-structure or track-bridge interaction. Concerning track-bridge interaction, experimental evidences of a dynamic coupling exerted by the ballasted track between subsequent SS spans and also between structurally independent single-track twin adjacent decks have been reported in the literature [1, 2]. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is frequently disregarded due to the computational cost of models including the track and due to the uncertainties in the mechanical parameters that define the track system. The present work contributes to the study of the coupling effect exerted by the ballasted track between independent structures in railway bridges. With this purpose two 3D finite element (FE) track-bridge interaction models are implemented. The former includes a continuous representation of the track components meshing the sleepers, ballast and sub-ballast with solid FE. In the latter, the track is represented as a 2D discrete three-layer model where the mass, stiffness and damping of the components are concentrated at the sleepers locations. The numerical models are updated with experimental measurements performed on an existing railway bridge in a view to evaluate (i) the influence of the track continuity on the bridge modal parameters and on the train-induced vibrations; (ii) the adequacy of the implemented numerical models and (iii) the importance of the track-bridge interaction for an accurate prediction of the vertical acceleration levels under operating conditions.
Shape Optimization for Thermal Insulation Problems
Authors: Tozza Silvia , Toraldo Gerardo
Published: May 2022

Thermal insulation represents one of the major challenges for energy efficiency. Problems related to insulation are well-known and widely studied in mathematical physics. Neverthless, mathematics involved is still very tricky especially when one looks at shape optimization issues [1, 2], and sometimes the answers are not so intuitive [3].In this talk we will consider two domains: an internal (fixed) ball of radius r and an external domain whose geometry varies. Physically, we are considering a domain of given temperature, thermally insulated by surrounding it with a constant thickness of thermal insulator. Our question is related to the best (or worst) shape for the external domain, in terms of heat dispersion (of course, under prescribed geometrical constraints).  Mathematically, our problem is composed by an elliptic PDE with Robin-Dirichlet boundary conditions. This work is still in progress and we want to share someremarks and open questions, in addition to the results obtained so far.REFERENCES[1] F. Della Pietra, C. Nitsch, C. Trombetti, An optimal insulation problem. Math. Ann., (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-020-02058-6[2] D. Bucur, G. Buttazzo, C. Nitsch, Two optimization problems in thermal insulation. Notices Am. Math. Soc., 64(8): 830--835, 2017.[3] D. Bucur, G. Buttazzo, C. Nitsch, Symmetry breaking for a problem in optimal insulation. J.Math. Pures et Appl., 107(4): 451--463, 2017.
On Total Reuse of Krylov Subspaces for an iterative FETI-solver in multirate integration
Authors: Seibold Andreas S. , Rixen Daniel J. , Fresno Zarza Javier Del
Published: May 2022

Recycling techniques for Krylov subspaces in parallel FETI-solvers are able to increase efficiency of solution processes with repeated right-hand-sides. One simple technique consists in a Total Reuse of the Krylov Subspace (TRKS) provided by conjugate directions generated during the solution of previous problems. This applies especially for linear structural dynamics and recycling also reduced global iterations for nonlinear structural dynamics. The structure of the interface-operator's eigenvalues governs the possible efficiency-gain. Only if high clustered eigenvalues are captured early enough, global FETI iterations will be reduced accordingly. Besides these advances, multirate integrators have been proposed, that enable adapted time-step-sizes on each substructure and are expected to accelerate the parallel simulation of nonlinear dynamic simulations with local highly nonlinear processes, e.g. damaging. Based on the linear BGC-macro and nonlinear PH-method, a nonlinear BGC-macro method has been proposed and on the other hand a more flexible and accurate multirate-integrator has been derived from the variational principle. These multirate-integration schemes require several local integration-steps in each global iteration, leading to a non-symmetric structure of the linearized local problems and the local boundary conditions are altered compared to FETI for standard singlerate integration. So, we have to solve the global interface-problem with a GMRes-solver. In this contribution, we show our recent results on the eigenvalues and application of a TRKS to these new problems.
ITERATIVE QUASI-NEWTON SOLVERS FOR POROMECHANICS APPLIED TO HEART PERFUSION
Authors: Both Jakub , Barnafi Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Sequential block-partitioned solvers have in the recent past been quite popular for multi-physics and in particular poroelasticity models. Such enable tailored solver technology for the respective single-physics problems via iterative coupling, as well as suggest suitable block-preconditioners for monolithic solvers.In this talk, we focus on a thermodynamically consistent poroelasticity model recently proposed. It extends the classical quasi-static Biot equations by incoporating inertia contributions in both solid and fluid equations, aiming at biomedical applications; for instance, the perfusion of the heart.Following ideas and techniques from previous works, we present block-partitioned solvers for the fully dynamic poroelasticity model supported by theoretical convergence analysis.
Adjoint-based methods for optimization and goal-oriented error control applied to fluid-structure interaction: implementation of a partition-of-unity dual-weighted residual estimator for stationary forward FSI problems in deal.II
Authors: Wick Thomas
Published: May 2022

In this presentation, we focuson the adjoint equation in fluid-structure interaction. Derivations for both stationary and nonstationary settings are undertaken. In the latter, the adjoint is running backward-in-time and must access the primal solution due to the nonlinearities.This is a computational challenge, but it is shown that the overall implementationis very promising and numerically robust. We demonstrate the performance in terms of error estimation, space/time adaptivity,and optimal control.
Explicit expressions for elastic constants of osteoporotic lamellar tissue and damage assessment using Hashin failure criterion
Authors: Megías Díaz Raquel , Belda González Ricardo , Vercher Martínez Ana , Giner Maravilla Eugenio
Published: May 2022

Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the last decades. The ageing of the population has led to a large increase in the number of people who suﬀer this musculoskeletal disease. For this reason, an early diagnosis of osteoporosis in order to improve bone fracture risk assessment is essential. To this end, eﬀorts to enhance the knowledge in the elastic, post-yielding and fracture properties of bone are required.In this work, we have derived explicit equations to estimate the orthotropic elastic constants of lamellar tissue as a function of the porosity at tissue level (microporosity) and the bone mineral density, following the multiscale approach presented in [1]. Microporosity has been explicitly mod-elled in a range from 1% to 25% [2]. Two types of pores, ellipsoid and sphere-shaped, have been modelled. On the other side, we have obtained the elastic constants of lamellar tissue in a range of bone mineral density comprised from 0,653 g/cm3 to 1,50 g/cm3 [3]. A non-linear multivariable regression by means of the least square ﬁtting has been performed and the explicit expressions for the elastic constants of lamellar tissue have been provided as a function of the volumetric bone mineral density and porosity.Moreover, independent quasi-static load cases are numerically simulated. Bone failure onset has been modeled by Hashin’s orthotropic failure criterion and damage evolution has been assessed through the material property degradation (MPD) method. Strength limits of lamellar tissue have been inferred from Ascenzi and Bonucci [4] and Giner et al. [5]. Results reveal that failure onset is mainly due to the tension in the transversal direction of the mineralized collagen bundles.
Equilibrium-Based Finite Element Formulation for Timoshenko Curved Tapered Beams
Authors: Santos Hugo
Published: May 2022

Due to their excellent mechanical performance and structural efficiency, curved tapered beams have been widely used in many engineering applications, such as, bridge structures, piping systems, biomedical devices, aerospace and aeronautical structures, etc. Their complex geometries pose challenges to the development of robust approaches for the modelling of their mechanical behaviour. Among the various approaches available in the literature for their analysis, those that are based on the finite element method have been the most successful, particularly due to their versatility. Nonetheless, when applied to Timoshenko based structural models, some of these finite element approaches are prone to shear locking when the beam elements become slender and to membrane locking when the curvature of the beam centroid curves increases [1]. The aim of the present contribution is to introduce a novel, simple and effective, finite element formulation for the analysis of two-dimensional Timoshenko curved tapered beams. This formulation relies on a complementary variational approach based on a set of approximations that satisfy in strong form all equilibrium conditions of the boundary-value problem [2], resulting thus in a formulation that is free from both shear and membrane locking phenomena. The effectiveness of the formulation is numerically demonstrated through its application to a circular clamped-clamped beam subjected to a mid-span concentrated load, and the obtained results are analysed and discussed. REFERENCES [1]      H. Stolarski and T. Belytschko, “Shear and membrane locking in curved C0 elements”, Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., Vol. 41, pp. 279–296, (1983). [2]      H.A.F.A. Santos, “Complementary-energy methods for geometrically non-linear structural models: an overview and recent developments in the analysis of frames”, Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, Vol. 18, (2011): 405.
Comparison of numerical and experimental strain distributions in composite panel for aerospace applications
Authors: Mucha Waldemar , Kuś Wacław , Viana Júlio C. , Nunes João Pedro
Published: May 2022

In structural applications of the aerospace industry, weight efficiency, understood as minimal weight and maximal stiffness, is of great importance. This criterion can be achieved by composite lightweight structures. Typical structures for the aforementioned applications are sandwich panels (e.g. with honeycomb core) and stiffened panels (e.g. with blade ribs, T-bar ribs, or hat ribs) [1-3]. In the paper, hat-stiffened panel, made of carbon/epoxy woven composite, is considered. Results of experiments, consisting of loading the panel and measuring exciting forces and strains (using strain gages), are presented. The results are compared to strains distribution obtained from finite element model of the panel. An idea of real-time system for load monitoring of the structure, using artificial intelligence techniques [4], is also presented. An high fidelity digital model with a big compliance of the computed and measured strain distributions is crucial for the performance of such a cyber-physical system.
Computing the jump-term in space-time FEM for arbitrary temporal interpolation
Authors: Salzmann Eugen , Zwickey Florian , Elgeti Stefanie
Published: May 2022

One approach with rising popularity in analyzing time-dependent problems in scienceand engineering is the so-called space-time finite-element method that utilized finiteelementsin both space and time. A common ansatz in this context is to divide the meshin temporal direction into so-called space-time slabs, which are subsequently weaklyconnected in time with a Discontinuous Galerkin approach. The corresponding jumpterm,which is responsible for imposing the weak continuity across space-time slabs canbe challenging to compute, in particular in the context of deforming domains. Ensuringa conforming discretization of the space-time slab at the top and bottom in timedirection simplifies the handling of this term immensely. Otherwise, a computationallyexpensive and error prone projection of the solution from one time-level to another isnecessary. However, when it comes to simulations with deformable domains, e.g. forfree-surface flows, ensuring conforming meshes is quite laborious. A possible solutionto this challenge is to extrude a spatial mesh in time at each time-step resulting in theso-called time-discontinuous prismatic space-time (D-PST) method[1]. However, thisprocedure is restricted to finite-elements of 1st order in time.We present a novel algorithmic approach for arbitrarily discretized meshes by flippingthe mesh in time-direction for each time-step. This ansatz allows for a simple evaluationof the jump-term as the mesh is always conforming. The cost of flipping the mesharound its symmetry plane in time scales with the number of nodes, which makes itcomputationally cheaper than an additional update of the mesh to enforce conformity orthe evaluation of a projection. We validate the approach on various physical problemswith and without deforming domains.
Violências várias: estudos da brutalidade no cinema
Authors: Ripoll Leonardo , Kolling Lehnemann Andrey
Published: May 2022

Sexto volume da Coleção Cadernos de Crítica, Violências várias: estudos da brutalidade no cinema é resultado da curadoria do Projeto Cinema Mundo no segundo semestre de 2019, cujo objetivo foi abordar a violência em diferentes facetas: simbólicas, materiais, emocionais, sexuais, sociais, políticas, ecológicas, culturais, religiosas. Com 14 artigos críticos e 1 prefácio teórico sobre o apelo estético da violência, o conjunto de textos reunidos nesta publicação discorre sobre filmes como Irreversível, Dançando no Escuro, Mãe!, Parasita, Relatos Selvagens, Grave, Tom na Fazenda, Caché e Midsommar.
Queens and Queenship
Authors: Woodacre Elena
Published: May 2022

This work looks at queenship in a global, timeless sense—examining the role of queens, empresses, and other royal women from the ancient and classical period through to nearly the present day on every continent. By looking at queenship in this comparative, longue durée way, we can start to see connecting threads and continuity over time and space as well as the change and development and comparisons of how the queen's role differed in various cultural contexts. A wide variety of examples are given to explain and contextualize key themes in queenship: family and dynasty, rulership, and image crafting. The introduction provides a brief overview of the development of queenship studies and a discussion of the ideals that queens were expected to conform to. This book offers a radically new perspective on queenship studies which enables new insights into the queen's role as the preeminent woman in the realm.
Slaveries of the First Millennium
Authors: Rotman Youval
Published: May 2022

In a world where princesses found themselves enslaved, kidnapped boys became army generals, and biblical Joseph was a role model, this book narrates the formation of the Middle Ages from the point of view of slavery, and outlines a new approach to enhance our understanding of modern forms of enslavement. Offering an analysis of recent scholarship and an array of sources, never before studied together, from distinct societies and cultures of the first millennium, it challenges the traditional dichotomy between ancient and medieval slaveries. Revealing the dynamic, versatile, and adaptable character of slavery it presents an innovative definition of slavery as a historical process.
Comparative evaluation of severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography of the chest in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals: an observational study
Authors: Mahajan Manik , Gupta Vikrant , Ilyas Mohd , Gupta Kulbhushan , Singh Parveen
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus causing an infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Computed tomography (CT) of the chest plays a significant role in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 using computed tomography severity scoring (CT-SS). Numerous vaccines are being made available in the world to lessen the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study is to compare the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia using CT-SS in COVID-19-positive vaccinated (Covishield/Oxford-AstraZeneca) and non-vaccinated individuals and to compare the final outcome wherever possible.

Material and methods

This observational study was carried out from March 2021 to April 2021. Forty vaccinated and 40 non-vaccinated RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients who underwent CT chest during the 4-12th day of illness formed the material of the study. Semi-quantitative scoring was used, and CT-SS was calculated based on the extent of lobar involvement in all the patients. CT-SS was then compared between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups and the results analysed.

Results

CT scans were performed in 80 patients (40 patients each in the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups). The majority of patients in the vaccinated group had mild (42.5%) and moderate (37.5%) CT-SS while the majority of patients in the non-vaccinated group had moderate (52.5%) and severe (27.5%) CT-SS score on chest CT. Also, no mortality was observed in the vaccinated group, with 2 deaths in the non-vaccinated group.

Conclusions

Covishield vaccine administration reduces the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to the non-vaccinated group, with a marked reduction in mortality.
Splint efficacy in chronic post-stroke spasticity: a pilot study
Authors: Onder Burcu , Selcuk Barin , Atci Aysel Gurcan , Kurtaran Aydan , Akyuz Mufit
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Hand spasticity after stroke is a serious issue and may lead to hygiene problems, range of motion limitations, or contractures. Hand splints are often used to reduce spasticity and prevent movement limitations; however, there is little research available on the efficacy of splints in spasticity. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a reflex inhibitory splint (RIS) for upper extremity spasticity in stroke patients by using clinical and electrophysiological studies.

Methods

Stroke patients with elbow and hand spasticity were allocated into 2 groups. The splint group (n = 16) wore RIS. The control group (n = 13) did not wear any upper extremity splint. Both groups received the same rehabilitation program during this period. They were evaluated for motion in the upper extremity with the Brunnstrom scale and Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scale. Electrophysiological measurements showing motor neuron excitability such as the ratio between the maximum amplitude of H-reflex and the maximum amplitude of M-response (Hmax/Mmax ratio), H-reflex latency, and F-wave persistence and latency were also studied. All clinical and electrophysiological measurements were performed in both groups on days 0 and 15.

Results

At the end of the treatment, elbow and finger flexion tonus decreased and active wrist extension angle increased in the splint treatment group compared with both baseline and the control group. Compared with the pre-treatment status, a correlation was detected between the Hmax/Mmax ratio and the wrist flexion tonus in the splint group.

Conclusions

RIS may be useful for the management of post-stroke upper-limb spasticity.
Diagnosa Penyakit Bawang Merah Dengan Metode Forward Chaining Dan Backward Chaining
Authors: Qamal Mukti , FNU Fadlisyah , Bengi Mahara , FNU Mukarramah
Published: May 2022

Penyakit tanaman merupakan musuh utama petani. Banyak petani yang gagal memanen atau berkurang hasil pertaniannya karena tidak mampu dengan tepat menangani penyakit yang menyerang tanamannya. Salah satu tanaman yang rentan terhadap penyakit adalah tanaman bawang merah. Untuk menangani secara tepat penyakit yang menyerang tanaman bawang merah tersebut, diperlukan seorang pakar/ahli pertanian. Sementara jumlah pakar pertanian terbatas dan tidak mampu menangani permasalahan petani yang jumlahnya cukup banyak dan pada waktu yang bersamaan, sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem yang mempunyai kemampuan seperti seorang pakar pertanian, yang mana di dalam sistem ini berisi pengetahuan keahlian seorang pakar pertanian mengenai penyakit, gejala dan penanganannya pada tanaman bawang merah. Dalam penelitian ini dirancang dan dibangun sistem pakar berbasis Web menggunakan basis aturan (rule based reasoning) dengan metode inferensi forward chaining dan backward chaining yang dimaksudkan untuk membantu para petani dalam mendiagnosa penyakit pada tanaman bawang merah, serta cara penanganannya. Pada penelitian ini metode forward chaining dan backward chaining akan dibandingkan sehingga akan didapatkan hasil metode manakah yang lebih sesuai untuk mendiagnosa sebuah penyakit. Dari hasil analisa perbandingan kedua metode tersebut, didapatkan hasil bahwa metode Forward Chaining lebih baik dan lebih efisien untuk mendiagnosa penyakit pada tanaman bawang merah.
Audit Capability Level Sipd Menggunakan Cobit 2019 Domain Align Plan And Organize Di Bappeda Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Pratama Angga , Faridhatul Ulva Ananda , Pradanta Sitepu Eza
Published: May 2022

Audit pada SIPD Bappeda Kota Lokseumawe harus ditinjau kembali untuk melihat efesiensi dan integritas yang ada pada perusahaan, untuk itu perlu dilakukan audit Capability level pada SIPD Bappeda Kota Lokseumawe. Audit Capability Level SIPD dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memetakan Level Capability proses pelayanan dan dukungan I&T di Bappeda Kota Lokseumawe. Audit Capability Level SIPD ini menggunakan framework Cobit 2019 Domain APO (Align, Plan and Organize) dengan perhitungan capability level sehingga berdasarkan hasil akan ditemukan temuan rekomendasi sasaran strategis pada perusahaan untuk pengembangan selanjutnya. Berdasarkan current capability level yang didapatkan dicapai nilai keseluruhan yaitu 2,527 dan berada pada level 2 capability yaitu Managed Process artinya Bappeda Kota Lokseumawe sudah mencapai proses penerapan untuk kemudian nantinya ditetapkan sesuai dengan proses penerapan yang telah diimplementasikan dalam proses ini sesuai dengan proses domain Align, Plan and Organized pada cobit 2019. Model COBIT 2019 juga dinilai mampu mengatasi perubahaan pengelolaan tata kelola dan Manajemen I&T pada perusahaan dengan baik.
Challenges, Responses and Prospects for Post COVID-19 Higher Education Management in Kenya.
Authors: Dr Simon Kipchumba.
Published: May 2022

This article explores the prospect for higher education management post Covid-19 in Kenya. This article therefore tries to tackle two objectives: to find out how higher education institutions in Kenya responded to the Covid-19 pandemic and to predict how higher education management in Kenya will look like post-Covid-19. The authors adopted Kurt Lewin’s 1947 change management model. The theory recognizes that when organisation is faced with a challenge, it has to undergo three stages of change (unfreeze, transition and refreeze). This theory was used to understand the transition that institutions of higher learning had to undergo in order to adopt ways of surviving in the new normal. Descriptive research design was used in this study in which data was collected from the archives regarding the way institutions of higher learning in Kenya and elsewhere responded to Covid-19 pandemic. As such, archival retrieval and exploration of existing literature on Covid-19 response was obtained. The collected data was put in themes and through triangulation and predictions were made and conclusion drawn. The findings of this study add to the increasing literature on Covid-19 pandemic and specifically contribute to the impact of Covid-19 pandemic to higher education sector.
The Role of governance of Theological Education by Extension (TEE) on performance in Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Janeviolet W , Muhoho John
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to establish how the governance of theological education by extension (TEE) affect its performance in the Anglican church of Kenya. The study adopted agency Theory (problem) by Jensen and Meckling (1976) and stakeholders by Richard Edward freeman (1980). A survey was done and inferential statistics were obtained using SPSP. The respondents were 4 people from the sampled 10 dioceses out of the 32 dioceses in the A.C.K. The researcher adopted stratified simple random sampling technique, which was most appropriate for the intended purpose of the research. Majority of the respondents were of the view that there was no good corporate governance of the T.E.E ministry in the A.C.K .It was observed that the corporate governance is wanting, owing to the fact that Dioceses lack structures, systems and committees from the lowest levels (Congregation, Parish, Deanary, Archdeaconary) to the highest level (the Diocese and Province). The absence of good corporate governance translates to the current performance of the T.E.E ministry in the A.C.K. The study concluded that there are no functional systems, structures, processes and committees at all levels of governance, which is a key factor to performance. The study recommended that T.E.E committees should be constituted with functional structures and systems at all levels, which includes congregations, Parishes, Deanaries, Arch deaconaries, Dioceses, and the province. There is need for empowerment and facilitation on corporate governance at all levels.
Ascertaining prayer as a means of spiritual growth
Authors: Ooga Evans M
Published: May 2022

This study is based on prayer as means of spiritual growth in the Nakuru South Seventh-Day Adventist church. It is based on mixed methods of research design. It utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. The findings on this study indicated that prayer is a fundamental aspect of a believer’s spiritual growth. Living a prayerful life is a sign that one has an existing relationship with God and vice versa. As God responds to the prayers, believers in turn are motivated. The study ascertained that prayer was an essential means of spiritual growth, where a mean score of 3.769 was obtained. The study recommended that the clergy and church leadership needs to encourage, train, educate and instruct believers daily and regularly on prayer even in their homes. Furthermore, the church should form small prayer groups for purposes of praying together; hence this will nurture and mentor members more than in a large group.
Implementation, Success And Challenges Of The Omsc Learning Continuity Plan : From The Lens Of Faculty
Authors: Muyot, ChE, EdD Norma B. , Edaniol, EdD Elbert C.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound and rapid impact on higher education institutions across the world resulting from the lockdowns and movement restrictions which resulted to cancellation of face to face classes and necessitated the crafting and implementation of a learning continuity plan. This study focused on the extent of the implementation, success and challenges of the OMSC Learning Continuity Plan viewed from the lens of the faculty members. The qualitative-quantitative approach and Reflective Cycle design were used to gather and give meaning to the experiences of the faculty as the plan was implemented. A questionnaire was used to gather data and virtual focus group discussions were conducted to contextualize the narratives of the respondents. Results of the study indicate that the faculty believe that LCP was highly implemented in terms of its four majors components of: instructional management and supervision, human resource development, learning resource development and delivery and safety and conducive learning environment. Moreover, the LCP was highly successful in terms of attainment of learning outcomes, resource mobilization; and equity in access to learning resources. Finally, the common challenges encountered by the faculty members in the implementation of the LCP were: limited access to internet and unstable internet connection, difficulty in assessing performance-based tasks and related learning experience especially laboratory subjects, difficulty in tracking, checking student’s outputs especially for large class sizes in online modality, late submission of students’ outputs particularly those in modular distance learning, dissertation/Thesis defense schedule could not be fixed due to students’ connectivity problems and students’ inability to participate in group activities.
Infrasound measurement system for real-time in situ tornado measurements
Authors: White Brandon C. , Elbing Brian R. , Faruque Imraan A.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Previous work suggests that acoustic waves at frequencies below human hearing (infrasound) are produced during tornadogenesis and continue through the life of a tornado, which have potential to locate and profile tornadic events and provide a range of improvements relative to current radar capabilities, which are the current primary measurement tool. Confirming and identifying the fluid mechanism responsible for infrasonic production
has been impeded by limited availability and quality (propagation-related uncertainty) of tornadic infrasound data. This paper describes an effort
to increase the number of measurements and reduce the uncertainty in subsequent analysis by equipping storm chasers and first responders in regular
proximity to tornadoes with mobile infrasound measurement capabilities. The study focus is the design, calibration, deployment, and analysis of data
collected by a Ground-based Local INfrasound Data Acquisition (GLINDA) system that collects and relays data from an infrasound microphone, GPS
receiver, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). GLINDA has been deployed with storm chasers beginning in May 2020 and has provided continuing real-time automated monitoring
of spectrum and peak detection. In analysis of sampled severe weather phenomena, the signal measured from an EFU (EF-Unknown, where EF represents the Enhanced Fujita scale) tornado (Lakin, KS, USA) shows an
elevated broadband signal between 10 and 15 Hz. A significant hail event produced no significant increase in infrasound signal despite rotation
in the storm. The consistency of these observations with existing fixed-array measurements and real-time tools to reduce measurement uncertainty
demonstrates the value of acquiring tornado infrasound observations from mobile on-location systems and introduces a capability for real-time
processing and display of mobile infrasonic measurements.
How 3d volcanic stratigraphy constrains headscarp collapse scenarios: the Samperre Cliff case study (Martinique Island, Lesser Antilles)
Authors: Peruzzetto Marc , Legendre Yoann , Nachbaur Aude , Dewez Thomas J. B. , Thiery Yannick , Levy Clara , Vittecoq Benoit
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Gravitational instabilities can be significant threats to populations and infrastructures. For hazard assessment, it is of prior importance to estimate the geometry and volume of potential unstable masses. This characterization can be particularly difficult in volcanic context due to the succession of deposition and erosion phases. Indeed, it results in complex layering geometries where the interfaces between geological layers may be neither parallel nor planar. Geometry characterization is all the more complex when unstable masses are located in steep and hardly accessible landscapes, which limits data acquisition. In this work, we show how remote observations can be used to estimate the surface envelope of an unstable mass on a volcanic cliff. We use ortho-photographs, aerial views and topographic surveys to (i) describe the different geological units of the cliff, (ii) identify stable and unstable units, (iii) infer the paleo-morphology of the site and (iv) estimate potential unstable volumes. We use the Samperre cliff in Martinique (Lesser Antilles, French West Indies) as a study site, where recurrent destabilizations since at least 1988 have produced debris flows that threaten populations and infrastructures. Our analysis suggests that the destabilizations occurring on the cliff may be associated to the re opening of a paleo-valley filled by pyroclastic materials. We estimate that between 3.5 × 106 m3 and 8.3 × 106 m3 could still be mobilized by future destabilizations in the coming decades.
A theory of abrupt climate changes: their genesis and anatomy
Authors: Ou Hsien-Wang
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We integrate our previous ice-sheet and climate models to examine abrupt climate changes pertaining to Heinrich event (HE), Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycle as well as last deglaciation punctuated by Younger Dryas (YD). Since they are all accompanied by ice-rafted debris, we posit their common origin in the calving of ice sheet due to thermal switch at its bed. Such thermal switch would generate step-like freshwater flux and together with decadal ocean response, they would endow abruptness to these millennial climate signals, which need not involve ocean mode change, as commonly assumed. We distinguish thermal switches due to geothermal heat and surface melt, which would calve inland/marginal ice to drive HE/DO-cycle, respectively. As such, the glacial DO-cycle hinges on post-HE warmth that enables the ablation whereas the Holocene DO-cycle is self-sustaining. The ocean response to freshwater flux entails millennial adjustment to maximum entropy production (MEP), a process termed “MEP adjustment”. As its direct consequence, the termination of HE is accompanied by sudden warming followed by gradual cooling to exhibit saw-toothed H-cycle, and the cooling moreover would anchor DO-cycles to form the hierarchical Bond cycle. The meltwater produced during deglaciation, if rerouted to Hudson Bay, may augment the calving-induced freshwater flux to cause YD, the latter thus involves happenstance and did not materialize during penultimate deglaciation. By incorporating calving origin of the freshwater flux and MEP adjustment of the ocean, the theory has provided an integral account of these abrupt climate changes.
Technical Note: Space-Time Statistical Quality Control of Extreme Precipitation Observations
Authors: El Hachem Abbas , Seidel Jochen , Imbery Florian , Junghänel Thomas , Bárdossy András
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Precipitation extremes form the basis of many engineering design decisions. Extremes are rare events which may differ strongly from “normal” observations. Unfortunately, some of the observed extremes may be inaccurate or false. The purpose of this investigation is to present a quality check of observed extremes using space-time statistical methods. As a first step, the biggest values for each observation location and event duration are selected. For each of these the observed values of all other stations corresponding to the same time steps are collected and transformed using a Box-Cox transformation factor derived from a fitted truncated normal distribution. The value at the extreme location is estimated using the surrounding stations and the calculated spatial variogram, and this estimated value is compared to the observed extreme. If the difference exceeds the critical value of the test, the extreme is flagged as possible outlier. The same procedure is repeated for different aggregations in order to avoid singularities caused by convection. The flagged extremes are then compared to the extremes of the surrounding stations using the same procedure – interpolation and subsequent comparison of the interpolated and the observed values. Flagged extremes are subsequently compared to the corresponding radar and discharge observations and finally, implausible extremes are removed. The procedure is demonstrated using observations of sub-daily and daily temporal resolution in Germany.