bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL, SHARIA, AND SOCIAL INSURANCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Heradhyaksa Bagas , Hikmah Nurul
Published: September 2019

Insurance is a risk transfer agreement from the insured to the guarantor. Insurance is a financial institution whose development is quite rapid, both in the world and in Indonesia. Insurance in Indonesia has three forms, namely conventional, sharia, and social. Social Security Organizing Board in Indonesia named BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial). Although all of them are the forms of insurance but has several differences. The fundamental differences are juridical differences and philosophical differences. The purpose of this study is to determine the juridical differences and philosophies of conventional, sharia, and social insurance. This research uses the juridical normative method. This method is used to analyze differences in conventional, sharia and social insurance by studying legal data related to the field. The results of this study found that the legal basis used in conventional, sharia, social insurance has differences. The philosophy of conventional insurance, sharia, and social also has differences. Therefore, although they are both in the form of insurance, conventional, sharia, and social insurance have significant differences respectively.
Assessing Landscape Pattern Relationship with Dengue Incidence in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Nuramalina Binti , Ibrahim Wan Yusryzal Wan , Ludin Ahmad Nazri M.
Published: September 2019

Dengue is the most common urban disease that is most prevalent in tropical areas. WHO 2009 stated that these diseases has grown a public health concern due to the risk of dengue infection that has increased dramatically between 50 and 100 million cases every year. This issue was very corresponded with landscape and environment changes. The objective of this paper is to discuss how landscape patterns in relation to dengue incidence.  Open website; idengue were highly contributed in this study to locate the most risky area for dengue fever incidence at the township level. Geographic information system (GIS) was used to demonstrate the spatial patterns of all dengue cases in Johor Bahru and Geoprocessing was used to measure the boundary of risk according to the distribution of dengue outbreak. After that, to analyze the spatial landscape pattern, satellite images were used.  Spatial descriptive analysis shows non-strata housing, open space, road, planned commercial, strata housing and drainage system network is the most prevalence land use activity for dengue incidence in Iskandar Region. The finding shows the common landscape composition that relates to dengue cases. In conclusion, the future development of land use should be considered on landscape pattern towards rapid urbanization.
SKALA CYBERSLACKING PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Simanjuntak Ermida , Fajrianthi Fajrianthi , Purwono Urip
Published: September 2019

Cyberslacking in the educational context is defined as using internet in the classrooms for non-academic purpose during lectures. One of student cyberslacking scale was developed by Akbulut, Dursun, Dönmez, & Sahin through researches towards Turkey undergraduate students. This scale consists of items to measure non-academic internet access activities during lectures. Those activities are sharing, shopping, real time updating, accessing online content and gaming/ gambling. This study aims to adopt the Cyberslacking Scale of Akbulut dkk. in the context of undergraduate Indonesian students. Subjects for adopting this scale are 46 male and 156 female undergraduate university students (N=202) with age range between 18-23 years. Second order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to analyze this scale. The results showed that dimension of sharing, shopping, real time updating, accesing online content, and gaming/gambling dimension are positively represented cyberslacking construct. Thus the cyberslacking scale can be used in Indonesian educational context.
Comparison of Efficacy of Pain Control Using the Interseptal Injection Technique and Inferior Alveolar Block Accompanied by Long Buccal Infiltration in Mandibular Periodontal Flap Surgery
Authors: Chitsazi Mohammad Taghi , Pourabbas Reza , Shirmohammadi Adileh , Nezafati Saied , Mousavi Amin
Published: September 2019

Background and aims. Pain control ensures patient satisfaction and cooperation. This study aimed to compare the interseptal anesthetic technique (IA) as the initial injection for pain control during periodontal flap surgery with the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) accompanied by long buccal infiltration (LBI). Materials and methods. This single-blind randomized clinical trial included 40 periodontitis patients. Pain intensity was evaluated immediately after injection and at the end of surgery. One side was chosen as the control to receive IANB accompanied by LBI and the other side as the test to receive IA. After the injection, the patients were asked to mark their reaction to the pain immediately after the injection on a visual analogue scale, which was repeated to analyze pain the day after surgery. Data were analyzed with independent-samples t-test using SPSS 13. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. The mean pain scores immediately after injection in the control and test groups were 20.62 ± 7.62 and 21.47 ± 8.62, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (df = 78, t = −0.466, P = 0.642). Pain scores 24 hours after completion of surgery in the control and test groups were 7.97 ± 3.43, and 9.30 ± 3.24, respectively, with no significant difference (df = 78, t = −1.775, P = 0.080). Conclusion. Based on the results, interseptal anesthetic technique was not shown to be superior to conventional injections.
Evaluating Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase Levels as a Biochemical Marker of Periodontal Disease in Periodontal Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Michael Adesakin Adelegan , Elizabeth Dosumu B. , O.I Opeodu , Modupe Arowojolu O.
Published: September 2019

Background and aims. Traditional methods of diagnosing periodontal diseases have their limitations, which include inability to provide information about the recent activity of the disease and difficulty in diagnosing the disease at an early stage when clinical changes have not started. This has necessitated the use of biomarkers designed to overcome these shortcomings. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among three groups of 27 participants each to assess the level of salivary alkaline phosphatase (SALP). The groups consisted of a control group (healthy) and two test groups (gingivitis and periodontitis). Saliva samples were collected and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out. Results. The highest mean SALP level (87.78 U/L) was found in group III, followed by group II (73.56 U/L), with group I exhibiting the least (38.89 U/L). The differences in the mean SALP between groups I and II, II and III, and I and III were statistically significant. Correlation between periodontal pockets depth and mean SALP was significant in group III. Conclusion. Variations in mean SALP levels among subjects with different periodontal conditions showed that mean SALP can differentiate various degrees of periodontal conditions and therefore has the potential to be used as a biochemical marker for periodontal disease.
Comparison of salivary Visfatin in patients with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in an Iranian population
Authors: Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Amid Reza , Torshabi Maryam , Yahyazadeh Niknaz , Yousefi Navid , Ekhlasmand Kermani Mehdi
Published: September 2019

Background. Visfatin (pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor) is a salivary biomarker secreted from a variety of cells and is thought to have some proinflammatory and immune-modulating effects. This study compared salivary concentrations of visfatin in patients with chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis and healthy individuals. Methods. In this cross-sectional and descriptive trial, patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The whole saliva samples were collected; then according to the measured clinical parameters the patients were categorized to peri-, chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. The concentrations of visfatin were evaluated using a standard ELISA kit. The salivary concentrations of visfatin were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. A probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results. A total of 40 participants (21 females and 19 males) were enrolled in this study. The mean salivary visfatin concentrations in the periodontally healthy individuals, periimplantitis patients and chronic periodontitis patients were 23.97 ng/mL, 12.83 ng/mL and 11.95 ng/mL, respectively. However; visfatin levels were higher in healthy individuals compared to other groups No significant differences were found in salivary visfatin concentrations between the three groups. Conclusion. Under the limitations of this study, no significant relationships were found regarding salivary concentrations of visfatin among periimplantitis and chronic periodontitis patients as compared to healthy individuals; however, more studies are required in this regard.
Effect of local and systemic inflammation on gingival mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kweh Ting Jing , Tham Ru Yueh , Gu Jian Yee , Shahidul Ahsan Md , Jacob Pulikkotil Shaju , Khoo Suan Phaik
Published: September 2019

Background. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of local and systemic inflammation on the quantity and localization of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (gMSCs). Methods. Gingival samples were collected from 34 systemically healthy (group 1) and 10 consenting adult patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (group 2), who had reported for various dental treatments, requiring excision of gingival tissues as part thereof. The tissue samples were further stratified into three categories: healthy gingiva, gingivitis-affected and periodontitis-affected. Samples mounted on slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) while CD105 antibody was used for immunohistochemistry staining. Immuno-positive cells were identified as gMSCs. Three gMSCpopulated areas in each sample were selected to determine the density of gMSCs. Results. The density of gMSCs was significantly higher (P<0.05) in sections of gingival tissues affected by gingivitis and periodontitis compared to those of normal gingiva. However, there were no significant differences in the densities of gMSCs in tissues of patients with T2DM and those of healthy subjects. Conclusion. Local inflammatory status appeared to increase the density of gMSCs. In the presence of periodontitis, an added low-grade systemic inflammation (T2DM) did not appear to affect the density of gMSCs.
Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian Dentists towards Peri-implant Diseases
Authors: Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Hosseinpour Sepanta , Kermani Mehdi Ekhlasmand , Amid Reza
Published: September 2019

Background. Despite successful results of implant therapy, complications occasionally occur in challenging situations.Apart from academic courses for implantology, dental associations also offer training courses for general practitioners.We sought to assess dentists' attitude towards peri-implant diseases. Methods. The subjects in thisquestionnaire-based cross-sectional study consisted of dentists participating in the annual congress of the Iranian Dental Association in 2013, whose knowledge and attitudes towards peri-implant diseases were assessed using a five-section questionnaire (implant therapy training, peri-implant soft tissue assessment, peri-implant diseases and treatment planning for peri-implant diseases). Data were analyzedwith SPSS 22, using descriptive and analytical methods. Results. The results showed that due to extensive placement of implants and high prevalence of complications, academic and organized training courses are essential. Conclusion. The results showed that due to extensive placement of implants and high prevalence of complications, academic and organized training courses are essential.
Les jeunes francophones et l’Afrique. Une piste pour les défis démographiques et économiques des régions ressources du Québec
Authors: Ouedraogo Abdoul Echraf
Published: September 2019

Les régions ressources du Québec sont installées dans un cycle de dévitalisation démographique face auquel les politiques et programmes successifs en faveur du développement régional ne semblent pas infléchir. Ces politiques se focalisent principalement sur la valorisation des potentialités économiques, la stimulation de l’entrepreneuriat, la promotion de pôles d’excellence qui sont autant de dimensions qui font défaut aux régions. Pourtant, en mettant l’accent sur ce qui fait défaut aux régions, les stratégies promues minorent des atouts importants de ces régions : soit, le capital institutionnel et le potentiel de produits et services que ses institutions pourraient offrir; ensuite, le capital de position de ces régions du Québec dont la complémentarité des besoins avec les autres régions francophones du monde est frappante. Cet article montre que les régions du Québec ont tout intérêt à tirer avantage de la diversité et du nombre d’organisations et d’institutions qui maillent les territoires régionaux, tout autant que de l’offre éducative, culturelle et artistique que ces institutions peuvent apporter dans un marché mondial de l’éducation, de la culture et du loisir en pleine expansion.
Les mutations de l’action internationale des régions françaises
Authors: Mestre Christophe
Published: September 2019

L’action extérieure des collectivités territoriales françaises est une politique ancienne, bien ancrée. Les régions, érigées en 1982, sont les plus jeunes collectivités territoriales françaises. Dès leur création, elles ont développé une action internationale ambitieuse, marquée par des relations de coopération décentralisée au développement. Depuis 2016, on constate un tournant des politiques régionales d’internationalisation qui passent de la solidarité internationale vers l’intérêt pro domo : priorité à l’attractivité, au rayonnement et au développement économique, changement de géographie d’intervention vers les pays émergents, arrêt de relations avec des collectivités territoriales des pays en voie de développement. Selon plusieurs observateurs, ces évolutions s’expliquent par les contraintes budgétaires, le changement générationnel des élus, la perception d’une demande sociale vers un retour sur le territoire français. Elles posent surtout la question du rôle des régions comme acteurs centraux pour contribuer à répondre aux défis planétaires que sont le climat, les migrations, la sécurité, la lutte contre les inégalités et le développement.
Un projet de développement local en santé : le cas de la MRC Robert-Cliche et de sa coopérative de santé, ou comment une communauté en difficulté peut s’engager dans un processus d’empowerment
Authors: Tremblay Sabrina
Published: September 2019

L’accès aux services de santé dans les régions rurales ou périphériques fait partie des enjeux de développement important, notamment pour ce qui est de la rétention de la population. Or, on constate que l’État central n’est pas capable de garantir un accès équitable pour tous. Dans le but de renverser cette tendance, certaines collectivités ont mis sur pied une coopérative de santé. Ce type de projet de développement local est alors associé au développement du pouvoir d’agir communautaire, car il témoigne de la capacité des milieux à agir et décider selon leur propres choix et besoins. Afin de mieux comprendre ce processus dans toutes ses subtilités, nous avons procédé à une étude de cas unique, soit celui de la MRC Robert-Cliche et de sa coopérative de santé du même nom. À partir de cette étude, nous avons été en mesure d’identifier plus clairement les quatre dimensions du processus d’empowerment et les interactions qui en découlent.
Les déterminants du comportement responsable des dirigeants dans l’industrie agroalimentaire
Authors: Gouanlong Kamgang Nadège Ingrid
Published: September 2019

Dans un monde où les problèmes environnementaux et sociaux occupent une place toujours plusgrande, le rôle des entreprises est remis en question. Indépendamment de leur taille, de leurs secteurs d’activité, de leur localisation géographique, les entreprises se sont résolument tournées ces dernières années vers la RSE. Les récents mouvements observés dans l’environnement économique camerounais relatifs à l’interdiction de l’usage de l’emballage plastique touche non seulement les entreprises productrices, mais aussi celles utilisatrices à l’instar des entreprises de l’Industrie Agro-Alimentaire (IAA). L’objet de recherche est orienté sur la perception de la RSE parles dirigeants des IAA. Il ressort de l’analyse des discours des interviewés que la RSE est principalement réduite à la dimension environnementale. De même, ces dirigeants d’entreprises utilisatrices d’emballage plastique approuvent et consolident l’initiative de l’État, mais ils se sont aussi prononcés en faveur des opportunités de collaboration de type médiatique avec leurs fournisseurs en amont.
Perception of Ultrasonic Vocalizations by Socially Housed and Isolated Mice
Authors: Screven Laurel A. , Dent Micheal L.
Published: September 2019

It is currently unclear whether mice use their ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) for communication purposes. It is also unknown whether mice require previous experience with USVs to understand conspecifics. There is some evidence that experience changes the perception of juvenile USVs; however, it is unclear whether similar plasticity also occurs for adult USVs. To examine whether social exposure or deprivation throughout development leads to changes in USV perception, eleven female CBA/CaJ mice were trained to discriminate between 18 USVs of three different categories using operant conditioning procedures. Mice were group housed with four females or housed individually from weaning for the duration of the experiment. Socially housed and isolated mice differed in initial training times on pure tones, suggesting isolated mice had a more difficult time learning the task. Both groups completed USV discrimination conditions quicker at the end of the testing phases relative to the beginning. The overall discrimination of USVs did not differ between the two housing conditions, but a multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that socially experienced and isolated mice perceive some USVs differently, illustrated by differences in locations of USVs on the scaling maps from the two groups. Finally, a negative correlation was found between spectrotemporal similarity and percent discrimination, and analyses support the idea that mice may show categorical perception of at least two of the three USV categories. Thus, experience with USVs changes USV perception.
When and Why to Replicate: As Easy as 1, 2, 3?
Authors: Field Sarahanne M. , Hoekstra Rink , Bringmann Laura , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: September 2019

The crisis of confidence in psychology has prompted vigorous and persistent debate in the scientific community concerning the veracity of the findings of psychological experiments. This discussion has led to changes in psychology’s approach to research, and several new initiatives have been developed, many with the aim of improving our findings. One key advancement is the marked increase in the number of replication studies conducted. We argue that while it is important to conduct replications as part of regular research protocol, it is neither efficient nor useful to replicate results at random. We recommend adopting a methodical approach toward the selection of replication targets to maximize the impact of the outcomes of those replications, and minimize waste of scarce resources. In the current study, we demonstrate how a Bayesian re–analysis of existing research findings followed by a simple qualitative assessment process can drive the selection of the best candidate article for replication.
Pasanggiri Damas: A Strategy To Preserve Tembang Sunda Cianjuran Art in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Julia Julia
Published: September 2019

This article aims at analyzing a vocal contest of a traditional musical art genre namely Tembang Sunda Cianjuran (Cianjur Sundanese Traditional Song) in West Java, Indonesia. The contest, also known by the term PTSC DAMAS, had been held continuously since 1962 by youth social organization called DAMAS (Daya Mahasiswa Sunda). The study was conducted using qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted by using an interactive model. The results show that PTSC DAMAS has greatly affected the preservation and development of the Tembang Sunda Cianjuran, not only in the music accompaniment but also vocal aspects. Various parties has been very supportive of PTSC DAMAS, thus the contest can be carried out consistently.
FUNGSI SUNGAI BAGI MASYARAKAT DI TEPIAN SUNGAI KUIN KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Rochgiyanti -
Published: September 2019

Banjarmasin merupakan ibukota Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan yang dikenal sebagai kota seribu sungai. Kota ini bernama Banjarmasin karena kondisi geografisnya yang dikelilingi oleh sungai besar dan kecil. Salah satu sungai tersebut adalah sungai yang melewati wilayah Desa Kuin Kuin Utara, Selatan Kuin dan Kuin Cerucuk. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk membahas fungsi sungai bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di tepi Sungai Kuin Banjarmasin Kalimantan Selatan. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sungai tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai jalur transportasi, tetapi juga berfungsi untuk kegiatan ekonomi, interaksi, dan sosialisasi.Banjarmasin is the capital of South Kalimantan Province, which is also known as the city of a thousand rivers. The city is named Banjarmasin due to its geographical conditions which is surrounded by large and small rivers. One of the rivers is the Kuin river that passes through the village of Kuin, North and South Kuin and Kuin Cerucuk. The purpose of this article is to discuss the functions of the river for the people living on the banks of the River Kuin Banjarmasin South Kalimatan. The writing used descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through interviews and observation. The results show that the river does not only serve as transportation routes, but also serves as economic activity, interaction, and socialization.
MASALAH DAN USAHA MEMBANGUN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Wahyu -
Published: September 2019

Merajalelanya korupsi menandai bahwa persoalan pendidikan karakter bangsa harus menjadi perhatian semua pihak, pemimpin bangsa, aparat penegak hukum, pendidik dan tokoh-tokoh agama, golongan dan lain sebagainya. Pembangunan karakter harus dibentuk. Studi ini dilakukan berangkat dari keprihatinan saya persoalan yang dihadapi bangsa Indonesia dalam hal pendidikan karakter, lalu menganalisis fakta-fakta yang ada, dan dari sana menawarkan berbagai alternatif penyelesaian. Dari hasil analisis dan pembahasan, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa pembangunan karakter jika ingin efektif dan utuh mesti menyertakan tiga institusi, yaitu keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat. Karena itu, langkah pertama yang harus dilakukan adalah menyambung kembali hubungan dan educational networks yang nyaris putus antara ketiga institusi pendidikan ini. Tanpa tiga institusi itu, program pendidikan karakter sekolah hanya menjadi wacana semata tidak akan berhasil karena tidak ada kesinambungan dan harmonisasi. The current state of corruption should encourage every citizens of the nation, all parties, the leaders of the nation, law enforcement officials, educators and religious leaders, to focus their attention to character building. Character development should be established as part of the national strategy to improve nationâ€™s life. The study begins from my concern about the backwardness of character education in Indonesia, and then from there I attempts to propose alternative solutions. The article concludes that to be successfull, character development should include the participation of three important institutions of social life: family, school and community. Therefore, the first stepÂ  isÂ  to reconnect the educational institutions with other institutions. Without the three institutions, the school character education program is only a discourse which will not succeed because there is no continuity and harmonization.
La contaminación del aire, un problema de todos
Authors: Medina Palacios Edna Katalina
Published: September 2019

El estudio de carga de la enfermedad por factores ambientales que desarrolló la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2016 estimó que incidentes como accidentes cerebrovasculares, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, asma en niños, cáncer de pulmón, enfermedad isquémica del corazón y enfermedades respiratorias de vías aéreas inferiores pueden ser atribuidos a la contaminación del aire (1). Esta carga depende de factores como la intensidad, la frecuencia y el tiempo de exposición a la contaminación.Estudios han indicado que la contaminación del aire, per se, no es un factor causal directo de los eventos antes descritos, pero sí es un factor asociado que, en combinación con otros determinantes como la desnutrición, las enfermedades de base o comorbilidades, la contaminación intradomiciliaria por tabaquismo pasivo, la falta de vacunación, las condiciones higiénicas deficientes o nulas y los factores ambientales como el clima, puede desencadenar su presencia.La problemática de contaminación del aire en Bogotá D.C. se debe, en su mayoría, a la presencia de material particulado, el cual es originado a partir de procesos de combustión y resuspensión provenientes de fuentes móviles y del mal estado de las vías (2). A esto se suma el transporte de partículas generadas por incendios forestales de impacto regional, que a su vez ocasionan episodios críticos de contaminación del aire como los que se vienen presentando en los últimos años y tienen impacto en la salud pública (Figura 1). Cabe anotar que este contaminante es el de principal estudio dada su capacidad de transporte de agentes de riesgo como virus, bacterias y algunos metales; además, tiene la habilidad de ingresar con mayor facilidad al cuerpo humano.
Causas de mortalidad por enfermedades puerperales en Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz, España) durante el siglo XIX
Authors: Peral-Pacheco Diego , Suárez-Guzmán Francisco Javier
Published: September 2019

Introducción. Las causas de mortalidad por enfermedades puerperales halladas en Jerez de los Caballeros durante el siglo XIX han sido agrupadas según la clasificación de Bertillon.Objetivo. Estudiar las causas de mortalidad por enfermedades del estado puerperal en Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz, España) en el siglo XIX.Materiales y métodos. Se consultaron los libros de defunción y se reunieron 26 203 muertes; para el análisis se utilizaron los 18 538 registros en los que constaba la causa de fallecimiento y se excluyeron los 7 665 restantes.Resultados. Se encontraron 168 de casos de muerte en estado puerperal, en las cuales el sobreparto y la fiebre fueron las causas de fallecimiento más frecuentes. El año con más muertes fue 1875 (7 óbitos), la franja de edad de 25-34 años arrojó mayor mortalidad con 77 defunciones (45.9%) y los meses de mayor mortalidad fueron agosto y noviembre con 22 difuntas (13.1%).Conclusiones. El sobreparto fue la causa más frecuente de defunción en estado puerperal con un 35.1% de las muertes. La fiebre en esta etapa alcanzó las cifras más elevadas en la última década del siglo XIX, lo cual quizá se debe a errores de diagnóstico o de interpretación.
Estilos cognitivos dependencia e independencia de campo en profesores universitarios de nutrición humana. Bogotá D.C., Colombia. 2016
Authors: Becerra-Bulla Fabiola , Vargas-Zárate Melier , Trujillo-Olaya Leonardo
Published: September 2019

Introducción. Los estilos cognitivos se han estudiado desde dos polaridades: la independiente y la dependiente de campo. En profesores, estos estilos se manifiestan en las decisiones de qué enseñar, las actividades y materiales a usar y la relación con los estudiantes.Objetivo. Determinar el estilo cognitivo usado en un grupo de docentes de educación superior con el fin de estudiar su posible relación con las metodologías de enseñanza empleadas.Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó la prueba de figuras enmascaradas (EFT, por su sigla en inglés) para hallar el estilo cognitivo y una encuesta para identificar las metodologías de enseñanza de los docentes. Se realizó el análisis de correlaciones entre variables tanto categóricas como ordinales.Resultados. La mayoría de docentes considerados pertenecían al grupo dependiente de campo. No se encontró diferencia estadística significativa entre ninguna de las variables (área de trabajo, lugar de nacimiento, edad y antigüedad) y las metodologías de enseñanza utilizadas por los profesores, con excepción del club de revistas.Conclusiones. No hubo correlación significativa entre las metodologías de enseñanza y las pruebas EFT. La mayoría de docentes considerados pertenecían al grupo dependiente de campo.
Resultado clínico y electrodiagnóstico en pacientes con liberación quirúrgica del síndrome del túnel del carpo
Authors: Vergara-Amador Enrique , Tovar-Cuella Wilson , Viveros-Carreño Juan Manuel
Published: September 2019

Introducción. La cirugía de síndrome del túnel del carpo (STC) es efectiva, aunque algunos reportes muestran satisfacción de solo el 75% luego de los procedimientos. La escala funcional HiOb es la que mejor se correlaciona con el estado neurofisiológico del nervio mediano.Objetivo. Determinar los resultados clínicos, funcionales y electrofisiológicos luego de una liberación quirúrgica en pacientes con STC.Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico y descriptivo de pacientes con STC operados entre 2013 y 2014. Todos los individuos tenían pruebas clínicas y electrofisiológicas pre y post quirúrgicas.Resultados. Se estudiaron 36 pacientes con edad promedio de 49 años; los signos clínicos prequirúrgicos más frecuentes fueron Phalen y elevación de manos (91%). El seguimiento mínimo fue 6 meses. Hubo mejoría del dolor; de los signos de Tinel, de Phalen y de elevación de manos; en la escala HiOb, y en el Cuestionario de Boston, tanto en la función como en los síntomas. Los resultados electrofisiológicos mostraron mejoría en latencia distal motora del nervio mediano, latencia distal sensitiva del nervio mediano y delta sensitivo.Conclusiones. La liberación quirúrgica del STC es un procedimiento eficaz en la mejoría del dolor, los síntomas, las escalas funcionales y los hallazgos electrofisiológicos. El signo de Tinel prequirúrgico se asocia a peores resultados en el cuestionario de Boston.
Epstein-Barr virus infection as a predisposing factor for multiple sclerosis. An update from molecular biology, immunology and epidemiology
Authors: López-Valencia David , Medina-Ortega Ángela , Hoyos-Samboní Diego Fernando , Saavedra-Torres Jhan Sebastián , Salguero Carolina
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus is an infectious agent used to immortalize and induce polyclonal activation of B cells. It has been widely described that this virus produces changes in the cells it infects and in the immune response, and stimulates the development of autoimmune diseases.Objective: To characterize the association between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis described in current scientific literature.Materials and methods: A 59-years range literature search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Redalyc and SciELO databases using the following MeSH terms: “Epstein-Barr virus, multiple sclerosis autoimmune diseases, autoimmune diseases of the nervous system”.Results: Many studies describe the association between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. It is believed that acute infection and viral reactivation promote the development of multiple sclerosis.Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct further research on the pathogenesis and morphophysiological and neuroimmunological changes –at the ecological, molecular, cellular, tissue, organic and systemic level– induced by the immune response and that favor the development of multiple sclerosis.
Conventional and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of New Triazole Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Zeynep , DOĞAN İnci Selin , ALAGÖZ Mehmet Abdullah , SELLİTEPE Hasan Erdinç , KART Didem
Published: September 2019

I

n this study, four new oxime ether derivatives were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. At the

same time, a comparison of the efficiency of the conventional method of synthesis with the microwave method was investigated. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR, 1H-NMR, and HRMS spectra. Antimicrobial

activity of the compounds was tested against two Gr (+) bacteria (S. aureus, E. faecalis), two Gr (-) bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E.

coli), and three yeast-like fungi (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis) by modified agar dilution method.
Prevalence of Increased Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels in Dogs
Authors: EZE Ukamaka U. , EZEH Ikenna O. , EKE Ifeanyi G. , AGINA Onyinyechukwu A. , EGWUONWU Abuchi , EZENDUKA Ekene V. , ANENE Boniface M.
Published: September 2019

The causes of kidney dysfunction could be related to damages to the glomeruli, nephron, tubules, interstitial tissues and renal blood vessels. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of increased levels of serum urea and serum creatinine in dogs presented at the University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UNVTH). A kidney function test was conducted in dogs for a six-month period (January - June) using kidney function biomarkers (creatinine and urea). A total of 45 dogs were examined. For each dog presented, two milliliters of blood were collected from the cephalic vein for serum biochemistry determinations. Data obtained from this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics. CHI square was used to calculate the strength of association between increased levels of serum urea and creatinine, and sex, age and breed. The prevalence of increased level of serum urea was 71.1% while that of increased level of serum creatinine was 8.9%. There were no significant association between increases in serum creatinine or serum urea, and sex, age and breed. The prevalence of acute kidney injury was 8.9%. There was no significant association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and sex, age and breed but the risk of having AKI in older dogs were higher if dehydrated and if there was an obstruction to urinary outflow. The results of this study have shown that a greater number of dogs presented at UNVTH suffered from mild loss of kidney function which was not the reason for their presentation at UNVTH. Therefore, routine kidney function tests should be conducted especially on severely sick dogs, as this will help in choice of the drugs.
Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Secondary Metabolites, Enzyme Activities and Photosynthetic Pigment Accumulation of Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp)
Authors: OLOWOLAJU Ezekiel Dare
Published: September 2019

The effects of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide on the secondary metabolites, enzyme activities and photosynthetic pigment accumulation of Vigna unguiculata was investigated. The hereby study was carried out under a screen house to minimize extraneous factors. The experiment was laid down in completely randomized design (CRD) with eight replicates. After two weeks of sowing when the seedlings become fully established, the sample pots were divided into two regimes.  The first regimes were supplied daily with 500 mL of 0.1 mM of hydrogen peroxide and the second regime was watered daily with tap water. After fifth week of sowing, the leaves of Vigna unguiculata from each regime were randomly selected and harvested. Secondary metabolites, enzyme assay and photosynthetic pigment screening was carried out on the harvested leaves. The impact of hydrogen peroxide on the parameters studied was done using one way analysis of variance. Mean values were separated using Fisher’s LSD at p≤0.05. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide strongly increased the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates and alkaloids. It also induced α-amylase and lipase activities than the control plants and promotes the accumulation and biosynthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide could be used as potential molecule to improve some secondary metabolites (flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates and alkaloids), α-amylase and lipase activities and photosynthetic pigments.
Analysis of Combining Ability in Rice Varieties for Quantitative Traits
Authors: KIANI Ghaffar
Published: September 2019

Rice is staple food in Iran. Despite of high quality of local rice, their grain yield is low. In hybridization breeding programs, selection of suitable parents is an essential role for developing new combinations with broadens genetic diversity. Combining ability of local rice varieties namely ‘Hashemi’, ‘Sang Jo’ and ‘Tarom Deylamani’ and ‘Nemat’ was evaluated in a partial diallele analysis for agronomic traits in a randomized complete block design at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances showed predominated role of additive gene effects in the inheritance of grain length. Both additive and non-additive components of genetic variances were important in the inheritance of traits like grain yield, plant height, panicle length, total grains per panicle, grain length and grain length to width. However, non-additive gene effects were seen for tiller number. Results showed that ‘Nemat’ was the best general combiner for most of characters followed by ‘Tarom Deylamani’. The cross of ‘Hashemi’ × ‘Tarom Deylamani’ was suggested to exploitation of heterosis breeding for increasing yield and its components in rice breeding programs.
The Effect of Soil Mediated Genetic Changes and Plasmid Curing on Growth Rates of Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Different Soils
Authors: OBIAZIKWOR Onyemaechi Henry , OGAH Ebiye Kevwe , SHITTU Hakeem Olalekan
Published: September 2019

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of soil mediated genetic change on growth rate of bacterial isolates from soils collected from different environments. Soil samples were collected from different sites: cow dung contaminated area, poultry, mechanic workshop, river, farmland and garden soils. Physiochemical analysis, bacteria isolation and enumeration were carried out on the different soil samples. Growth rate was determined by the measurement of turbidity at 600 nm using UV/VIS spectrophotometer on all isolates from two selected species (Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus) because of their even distribution in the soil samples. Plasmid curing was carried out on the selected isolates using 1 ml of 10% Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate as the curing agent and the growth rate of the plasmid-cured isolates were investigated. The results obtained indicated that the soil samples varied in their physiochemical properties. There were differences in the growth rates of bacterial isolates from the different soils for both Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. a comparison between growth rate of test bacteria isolates before and after plasmid curing also suggested that curing significantly affected the growth rate of the test organisms in some soil samples. The results from this study suggested that the soil environments from which the various bacterial isolates were obtained had effect on the genetics of the bacteria isolates. The future direction to this study is to perform a molecular profiling of the various isolates to determine species specificity and also test for their virulence.
Study on Gametophytes of Four Species of Maiden Hair Ferns (Adiantum L.) and Their Systematic Implications
Authors: YUMKHAM Sanatombi Devi , SALAM Sumitra , KHOMDRAM Sandhyarani D.
Published: September 2019

Matured spores of four (4) species of maiden hair ferns namely, Adiantum capillus-veneris L., A. caudatum L., A. edgeworthii Hook. and A. incisum Forssk. were collected and grown in petri-dishes containing natural media formed by mixing dead wood of tree fern (Cyathea Sm.), sand and charcoal powder (2:1:1). The cultures in triplicates for each species were monitored every day from the stage of sowing to the chimera formation. After disintegration of gametophytes, juvenile sporophytes were shifted to pots and morphological characters were studied till the dehiscence of sporangia. Spore germination initiated between 4-6 days for A. capillus-veneris, 7-9 days in A. caudatum and A. incisum and 10-12 days in A. edgeworthii.  Prothallia in all the Adiantum are autotrophic, Vittaria type, cordate-shaped, homosporous with antheridia developing earlier than archegonia and remain confined on the adaxial surface. The gametophytes showed considerable variation in their shapes, orientation of lobes, presence or absence of hairs and placement of sex organs on the prothallia. The gametophytic and sporophytic characters are correlated and used in structuring key to species. The study concludes that gametophytic characters also constitute a dependable criterion for assessing their systematics.
The historical background of the canal system in Calcutta, India, and its contribution to development
Authors: Gangopadhyay Anasua , Patra Parthajit
Published: September 2019

Due to Calcutta’s proximity to the sea and location on the east bank of the River Hooghly in India, it used to experience tidal influence through its canals. This prompted commerce and trading, and Calcutta became an important trading port. The city was also influenced by the River Bidyadhari, which runs parallel to Hooghly. These two rivers and their tributaries and distributaries provided unique opportunities for commerce to British colonisers. Tolly’s Nullah was excavated in 1778 to connect these two rivers. Interestingly, for even a decade after the introduction of the Eastern Bengal State Railway in the nineteenth century, water trafficking was the predominant mode of transport. The canal system also provided irrigation water during the tidal period by controlling lock gates at strategic locations. Drainage of Calcutta mostly gravitated eastwards to Kultigong of the Matla estuary system, which ultimately led to the River Bidyadhari. Since 1856, it had served as an outlet for the city drainage, which was supplemented by excavating new channels in 1928. This created a network of an organised ‘canal system’, which had sustained the city for centuries. The history of the development of this canal system, its lingering influence on the growth of Calcutta and its present status are summarised in this paper.
Photoactivity and light harvesting in ZnO nanorod arrays/Au/CuS heterostructures
Authors: Rahmati Ali , Gasawinejad Mina , Farokhipour Asma , Iranmanesh Parvaneh
Published: September 2019

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (NRs)/gold (Au)/copper sulfide (CuS) heterostructures were grown by way of a low-temperature chemical approach, magnetron sputtering deposition and the successive ionic layer absorption and reaction route. The structural characteristics, morphological characteristics, elemental composition, current–voltage characteristics, ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared absorption and photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of the ternary zinc oxide NR/gold/copper sulfide heterostructures were studied. The photocatalytic efficiency of the zinc oxide NRs/gold/copper sulfide heterostructures was higher than that of their zinc oxide NRs/copper sulfide counterparts. The zinc oxide NRs/gold/copper sulfide heterostructures were visible-light-photosensitive due to the lower bandgap of copper sulfide and localized surface plasmon resonance excitation of gold. The Schottky junction can motivate the photogenerated electron–hole to separate and transfer in opposite direction. The zinc oxide NRs/gold/copper sulfide heterostructures had a diode-like behavior. The electronic transition can be facilitated between ZnO NRs/gold/copper sulfide heterostructure and 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte.
Türkiye’de pestisitlerin ruhsatlandırılmasının tarihsel değişimi ve gelişimi üzerine değerlendirmeler
Authors: AYYILDIZ Nurullah , EMEKCİ Mevlüt , FERİZLİ A. Güray
Published: September 2019

Pestisit terimi herhangi zararlı bir organizmayı önlemek, uzaklaştırmak, öldürmek veya baskılamak için kullanılan doğal, organik veya sentetik kimyasal madde veya mikroorganizmaları ifade etmektedir. Pestisit terimi genellikle bitki koruma ürünü anlamında kullanılmakla birlikte aslında bu iki terim birbirinden farklı anlama sahiptir.  Bitki koruma ürünleri bitkileri sağlıklı tutmak ve zararlı organizmalardan korumak amacıyla kullanılan pestisitlere karşılık gelmektedir. Bunlar insektisit, akarisit, nematisit, herbisit, fungisit, bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri, repellent vb maddeleri içermektedir. Buna karşılık pestisit terimi daha geniş bir içeriğe sahip olarak bitkisel üretim dışında kullanılan biyosit ve veteriner ilaçlarını da kapsamaktadır. Bitki koruma ürünleri mevzuat gereği ruhsatlandırmaya tabi olan ürünlerdir. Zararlı organizmalarla savaşımda pestisitlerekolayca ulaşılabilmesi, kolaylıkla uygulanabilmeleri ve hızlı etki göstermeleri nedeniyle genellikle kimyasal mücadele yöntemi tercih edilmektedir. Ancak hatalı ve/veya bilinçsiz pestisit kullanımı insan, bitki, çevre, yaban hayatı ve halk sağlığı bakımından telafisi olmayan zararlanmalara neden olabilmektedir. Bu derleme ile, böylesine geniş bir kitleyi doğrudan ilgilendiren bitki koruma ürünlerinin ruhsatlandırılmasına ilişkin mevzuat ile gerek akademik camianın ve gerekse bu ürünlerin ithal, imal veya ihracını yapan pestisit sektörünün dikkatinin çekilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla 1957, 1958, 1995, 1999, 2009, 2010, 2011 yıllarında yayımlanan ruhsatlandırma ile ilgili yönetmelikler 2017 yılında yayımlanan güncel yönetmelikle kıyaslamalı olarak tartışılarak ruhsatlandırmanın gelişimi tarihsel süreçte irdelenmiştir.
Akarlarda direnç mekanizmaları
Authors: İNAK Emre , COBANOĞLU Sultan
Published: September 2019

Acari,
tarımsal ve veteriner açıdan büyük ekonomik kayıplara neden olan türleri
içerisinde bulunduran önemli bir gruptur. Bu zararlıların kontrolünde en fazla
tercih edilen yöntem ise kimyasal mücadeledir. Ancak, tarımsal bir zararlı olan
Tetranychus urticae Koch başta olmak
üzere, diğer akar türlerinin hızlı direnç geliştirebilme yetenekleri, kimyasal
mücadelede başarısızlara neden olmaktadır. Dahası, T. urticae günümüzde en fazla kimyasala karşı direnç geliştiren
artropod türüdür ve bu nedenle “direnç şampiyonu” olarak anılmaktadır. Bu
başarısızlıkların önüne geçebilmek için, direnç mekanizmalarının detaylı bir
şekilde anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede, Acari altsınıfına ait ekonomik
öneme sahip türlerde görülen direnç mekanizmaları güncel bilgiler ışığında
açıklanmıştır. Bu sayede, akarların kimyasal mücadelesinin daha doğru ve
bilinçli yapılması, ayrıca uygun bir direnç yönetimi dizayn edilmesi
hedeflenmiştir.