bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Text Messaging for Improving Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: No Effects After 1 Year in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Linnemayr Sebastian , Huang Haijing , Luoto Jill , Kambugu Andrew , Thirumurthy Harsha , Haberer Jessica E. , Wagner Glenn , Mukasa Barbara
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of Short Message Service (SMS) reminder messages on antiretroviral and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis adherence among HIV-positive youths as well as the relative effectiveness of SMS with and without a response option.

Methods. Eligible HIV-positive patients aged 15 to 22 years at 2 HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda, participated in a year-long parallel individual-randomized controlled trial and were assigned in a 1-to-1-to-1 ratio to a weekly SMS message group, weekly SMS message with response option group, or a usual-care control group.

Results. We enrolled 332 participants. Electronically measured mean adherence was 67% in the control group, 64% in the 1-way SMS group (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.14), and 61% in the 2-way SMS group (95% CI = 0.75, 1.12) in an intent-to-treat analysis. Results for secondary outcomes and complete-case analysis were similarly statistically insignificant across groups.

Conclusions. Despite previous evidence that interventions using SMS reminders can promote antiretroviral therapy adherence, this study shows that they are not always effective in achieving behavior change. More research is needed to find out for whom, and under what conditions, they can be beneficial.

Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00830622.
The Cumulative Probability of Arrest by Age 28 Years in the United States by Disability Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: McCauley Erin J.
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To estimate the cumulative probability (c) of arrest by age 28 years in the United States by disability status, race/ethnicity, and gender.

Methods. I estimated cumulative probabilities through birth cohort life tables with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997.

Results. Estimates demonstrated that those with disabilities have a higher cumulative probability of arrest (c = 42.65) than those without (c = 29.68). The risk was disproportionately spread across races/ethnicities, with Blacks with disabilities experiencing the highest cumulative probability of arrest (c = 55.17) and Whites without disabilities experiencing the lowest (c = 27.55). Racial/ethnic differences existed by gender as well. There was a similar distribution of disability types across race/ethnicity, suggesting that the racial/ethnic differences in arrest may stem from racial/ethnic inequalities as opposed to differential distribution of disability types.

Conclusions. The experience of arrest for those with disabilities was higher than expected. Police officers should understand how disabilities may affect compliance and other behaviors, and likewise how implicit bias and structural racism may affect reactions and actions of officers and the systems they work within in ways that create inequities.
English Language University Teachers’ Difficulties in Research Engagement: A Case Study in Vietnam
Authors: Le Huong Hoang
Published: October 2017

The study uses a qualitative case study framed within a socio-cultural framework to investigate Vietnamese English language university teachers’ difficulties in their research engagement. The study was conducted among 21 English language university teachers in Hong Duc University in Vietnam. Skype semi-structured interview was employed to collect necessary data to explore teacher participants’ perceived obstacles to research. The findings of the study show that there was a gap between Vietnamese authorities’ expectations of research outputs and the realities of English language university teachers’ research capabilities. Such gap has caused serious challenges to those teachers and prevented them from effectively engaging in research. On the one hand, Vietnamese authorities hope to increase universities’ research output to keep up with the international academic ranking. On the other hand, the working realities of university teachers hinder their engagement in research. However, no official investigation has been done to reduce such gap and the enforcement of research activity in universities has been taken for granted. In this sense, the significance of this study is an opportunity for English language university teachers to voice their opinions about the enforced nature of research activity in universities in Vietnam.
Analisa Pengaruh Gerak Makan Dan Putaran Spindel Terhadap Keausan Pahat Pada Proses Bubut Konvensional
Authors: Rozaq Mohamad Miftakhul , Iswanto Iswanto
Published: October 2017

This paper discuss the effect of feeding motion and spindle rotation and also the relationship between feeding motion and spindle rotation on wear of tool in conventional lathe process. In this study the machining parameters are feeding motion (f) that varied  at 0.12 mm/rev, 0.24 mm/rev and 0.35 mm/rev. With spindle rotation (n) that is 300 rpm, 650 rpm and 1000 rpm. While the cutting depth (a) is 0.5 mm. Then, the wearing edge of the tool was tested. The result of wear test in the edge of tool, show that (1) the greater the feeding motion the higher wear value of tool and the relationship is positively linear; (2) The  larger the spindle rotation the lower wear value of tool will be and the relationship is negatively  linear.
Seasonal Differences in Relationships between Nitrate Concentration and Denitrification Rates in Ditch Sediments Vegetated with Rice Cutgrass
Authors: Speir Shannon L. , Taylor Jason M. , Scott J. Thad
Published: October 2017

Increased application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems contributes to significant environmental impacts, including eutrophication of fresh and coastal waters. Rice cutgrass [Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.] can significantly enhance denitrification potential in agricultural ditch sediments and potentially reduce N export from agricultural watersheds, but relationships with known drivers are not well understood. To address this, we examined effects of nitrate (NO3−) availability on dinitrogen gas (N2) and NO3− fluxes seasonally. Net denitrification rates were measured as positive N2 fluxes from vegetated intact sediment cores using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). We developed Michaelis–Menten models for N2 fluxes across NO3− gradients in the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Summer N2 models exhibited the highest Vmax (maximum amount of net N2 flux) and K (concentration of NO3− in the overlying water at which the net N2 flux is half of Vmax), with a maximum production of N2 of ∼20 mg N2 m−2 h−1. Maximum percentage NO3− retention occurred at 1 mg NO3− L−1 in the overlying water in all seasons, except summer where maximum retention persisted from 1 to 5 mg NO3− L−1. Denitrification rates were strongly correlated with NO3− uptake by vegetated sediments in spring (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001) and summer (r2 = 0.97, p < 0.0001), but low NO3− uptake in fall and winter resulted in virtually no net denitrification during these seasons. Our results indicate that vegetated ditch sediments may act as effective NO3− sinks during the growing season. Ditch sediments vegetated with cutgrass not only immobilized a significant fraction of NO3− entering them but also permanently removed as much as 30 to 40% of the immobilized NO3− through microbial denitrification.

Core Ideas

Dinitrogen gas fluxes exhibited Michaelis–Menten kinetics in the spring, summer, and fall.

Denitrification was strongly correlated with nitrate uptake in spring and summer.

Up to 40% of immobilized nitrate was removed via microbial denitrification.

Cutgrass ditch sediments are effective nitrate sinks during the growing season.
Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance Derived from the Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivar ‘Caldwell’ Maps to Chromosome 3BS
Authors: Kolmer J. A. , Chao S. , Brown‐Guedira G. , Bansal U. , Bariana H.
Published: October 2017

‘Caldwell’ is a US soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that has partial, adult plant resistance to the leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina Eriks. A line of ‘Thatcher∗2/Caldwell’ with adult plant resistance derived from Caldwell was crossed with ‘Thatcher’ to develop a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The parents and RIL population were evaluated for segregation of leaf rust resistance in four field tests. A genetic map of the RIL population was constructed using 90K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with the Illumina Infinium iSelect 90K wheat bead array. Significant effects for reduction of leaf rust severity in all four tests were found for a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3BS. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the adult plant resistance gene Lr74 and kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) assay markers were added to the map on chromosome 3BS. Thatcher and the resistant Thatcher∗2/Caldwell parent were negative for the presence of Sr2 on chromosome 3BS based on the tightly linked marker csSr2. The SSR marker cfb5006 linked closely to Lr74 mapped the closest to the logarithm of odds peak for leaf rust resistance on chromosome 3BS. The SNP and SSR markers on chromosome 3BS can be used to add Caldwell leaf rust resistance to wheat breeding germplasm.
Estimating Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in a Forest Soil: Influence of Soil Bulk Density Methods and Rock Content
Authors: Jurgensen Martin F. , Page-Dumroese Deborah S. , Brown Robert E. , Tirocke Joanne M. , Miller Chris A. , Pickens James B. , Wang Min
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Three bulk density methods used in a rocky soil gave different total bulk density values, but not fine bulk density.

Bulk density sampling method had little effect on C and N pool estimates in the surface 20 cm of soil, but did so deeper in the soil.

Small‐diameter cores probably underestimated total soil bulk density and C and N pools at deeper soil depths.

Rocks present on the soil surface cause an overestimation of soil C and N pools.

Soils with high rock content are common in many US forests, and contain large amounts of stored C. Accurate measurements of soil bulk density and rock content are critical for calculating and assessing changes in both C and nutrient pool size, but bulk density sampling methods have limitations and sources of variability. Therefore, we evaluated the use of small‐diameter soil cores (SD), irregular soil volume excavation (IR), and a nuclear density gauge (ND) to measure bulk density and rock content, and estimate C and N pools in three 10‐cm increments to a 30‐cm depth in a glacial till soil in northern Wisconsin. Total and fine bulk densities were lower when measured with SD cores than with larger soil volume IR and ND methods. No differences in C pools among bulk density sampling methods were found in the 10‐cm increments, but when combined to 30 cm, the C pool estimate with IR (81.6 Mg ha–1) was significantly higher than those of ND (75.3 Mg ha–1) and SD (73.4 Mg ha–1). No significant differences in N pools were detected in the 10‐cm increments, but the 0‐ to 30‐cm N pool estimates by IR (5.65 Mg ha–1) and ND (5 Mg ha–1) were higher than that of SD (4.22 Mg ha–1). Surface rocks could lower soil C and N pools by 20% or more. Overall, the bulk density method had little effect on soil C and N pool estimates in the surface 20 cm of this soil but did when sampled to 30 cm soil depth.
Empirikus kutatás a sportszakmai képesítési rendszerről – I. rész
Authors: Szlamka Erzsébet
Published: October 2017

Jelen tanulmány egy, a képesítési rendszer sajátosságait vizsgáló doktori kutatás részét képezi. Az az előfeltevés, miszerint a képesítések is átesnek egyfajta evolúciós folyamaton, beigazolódni látszik: bizonyos képesítések megszűnnek, miközben újak létesülnek, más képesítések azonban sokáig megmaradnak ugyanazon vagy esetleg más név alatt. A sportszakmai képesítési rendszer vizsgálata több szempontból volt érdekes és hálás feladat: a formális szektorban behatárolható számú képesítésük van, jelen vannak a szakképzés és felsőoktatás minden szintjén, ráadásul a sport (köztük az egyik legfőbb magyarországi képzőintézmény) a közelmúltban kiemelt támogatást kapott, ami hatást gyakorolt a képesítési rendszerre is. A tanulmány a sportszakmai képesítések történetének, fajtáinak, szintezésének megjelenítésén keresztül példákat mutat arra, milyen okok vezethetnek egy adott képesítés sikertelenségéhez, vagy éppen hogyan élhetnek tovább más képesítések. A szerző fő szakterülete a képesítési rendszerek és keretrendszerek átalakulásának vizsgálata, amelyet egyfelől nemzetközi testületekben, másfelől a hazai implementáción keresztül is nyomon követ – ezt egészíti ki a sportszakmai képesítési rendszerre vonatkozó, mikroszintű kutatás.
Influence of Length and Amino Acid Composition on Dimer Formation of Immunoglobulin based Chimera
Authors: Patidar Manoj , Yadav Naveen , Dalai Sarat K.
Published: October 2017

Background:

The dimeric immunoglobulin (Ig) chimeras used for drug targeting and delivery are
preferred biologics over their monomeric forms. Designing these Ig chimeras involves critical selection of a suitable
Ig base that ensures dimer formation. In the present study, we systematically analyzed several factors that
influence the formation of dimeric chimera. We designed and predicted 608 cytokine-Ig chimeras where we tested
the contributions of (1) different domains of Ig constant heavy chain, (2) length of partner proteins, (3) amino
acid (AA) composition and (4) position of cysteine in the formation of homodimer.

Method:

The sequences of various Ig and cytokines were procured from Uniprot database, fused and submitted to
COTH (CO-THreader) server for the prediction of dimer formation. Contributions of different domains of Ig
constant heavy chain, length of chimeric proteins, AA composition and position of cysteine to the homodimer
formation of 608 cytokine-Ig chimeras were tested. Various in silico approaches were adopted for validating the
in silico findings. Experimentally we also validated our approach by expressing the chimeric design of shorter
cytokine with Ig domain in CHO cells and analyzing the protein by SDS-PAGE.

Results:

Our results advocate that while the CH1 region and the Hinge region of Ig heavy chain are critical, the
length of partner proteins also crucially influences homodimer formation of the Ig-based chimera. We also report
that the CH1 domain of Ig is not required for dimer formation of Ig based chimera in the presence of larger partner
proteins. For shorter partner proteins fused to CH2-CH3, careful selection of partner sequence is critical,
particularly the hydrophobic AA composition, cysteine content & their positions, disulphide bond formation
property, and the linker sequences. We validated our in silico observation by various bioinformatics tools and
checked the ability of chimeras to bind with the receptors of native protein by docking studies. As a proof of
concept, we have expressed the chimeric proteins in CHO cells and found that our design favors the synthesis of
dimeric proteins.

Conclusion:

Our structural prediction study suggests that extra amino acids in the range of 15-20 added to the
CH2 domain of Ig is a critical requirement to make homodimer. This information from our study will have implication
in designing efficacious homodimeric chimera.
Exploring the Unique Selectivity of Hydrophobic Cation Exchanger Nuvia cPrime for the Removal of a Major Process Impurity: A Case Study with IgM
Authors: He Xuemei M. , Voß Carsten , Li Jidong
Published: October 2017

Background:

Mixed-mode chromatography is becoming an important tool for downstream process purification, as it provides the selectivity and robustness unmatched by conventional singlemode chromatographic methods. The joint action of multiple functionalities present on the ligands of mixed-mode chromatography matrices effectively enhances the separation of target molecules from impurities.

Material and Methods:

Using Nuvia cPrime as an example, we elucidate the separation principles of hydrophobic cation exchange mixed-mode chromatography and its difference from traditional strong cation exchangers. We have developed a Nuvia cPrime based polish purification step specifically for the removal of a major process contaminant, which has an isoelectric point similar to that of the target monoclonal IgM molecule. Additional purification was accomplished using a second mixed-mode chromatography column packed with Ceramic Hydroxyapatite.

Conclusion:

The monoclonal IgM prepared with this new process fully retained its biological activity and was free of high molecular weight aggregates, a product quality that was not achievable in previous attempts using traditional ion exchange or hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
Schizophrenia and Nicotine Dependence: What Psychopharmacological Treatment Options are Available for the Duo Perturbationes?
Authors: Theng Yoong Mei , Wahab Suzaily , Wahab Noor Alaudin A. , Sidi Hatta , Das Srijit
Published: October 2017

Nicotine dependence has progressively become a foremost community health interest in
both the developed and developing nations due to the economic burden and health-related problems.
Smoking was significantly higher among patients with schizophrenia in comparison to the general
population. Nicotine dependence is not only associated with public stress, but among patients with
schizophrenia, smoking brings major challenges to the management. Nicotine may diminish the therapeutic
efficacy of the bioavailability of the psychopharmacological agents in-vivo. These duo perturbations,
i.e. two clinical conditions co-existed may prevent psychotic symptoms remission among patients
suffering from schizophrenia who smoke at the same time. The aim of this review was to highlight
the role of pharmacological treatment options and strategies for patients with nicotine dependence
in schizophrenia with emphasis on the underlying neurobiological process. The role of nicotine
replacement therapy, i.e. norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibition (NDRI) e.g. bupropion and selective
partial agonist of α4β2 and full α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor e.g. varenicline was deliberated.
An ideal choice of drug targets for patients with schizophrenia with nicotine dependence is
pivotal to foster a better therapeutic alliance.
Oxadiazole-An Important Bioactive Scaffold for Drug Discovery and Development Process Against HIV and Cancer- A Review
Authors: Kumar Davinder , Kumar Virender , Marwaha Rakesh , Singh Gajendra
Published: October 2017

Background:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer treatment have been a major task for research scientists and pharmaceutical industry for the last many years. Seeking to the development, many promising chemical entities especially five-membered heterocyclic rings like oxadiazole have revealed good anticancer and anti HIV activities. The current review enlists some recently developed anti-HIV and anti-cancer oxadiazole moieties.

Methods:

on the basis of structural modification for the syntheses of new oxadiazole analogs, the new anti-HIV and anti-cancer agents have been summarized, which can improve treatment of AIDs and cancer.

Results:

The oxadiazole ring is more potent in comparison to some other heterocyclic rings (five and six membered) towards anti-HIV and anti-cancer activities. The important mechanisms involved for anti HIV and anticancer activity are mainly inhibition of enzymes like protease, HIV-integrase, telomerase, histone deacetylase, methionine amino peptidase, thymidylate synthase and focal adhesion kinase and inhibition of some growth factors.

Conclusion:

By reviving the past literature about 50 most potent oxadiazole derivatives, depending upon activity and structural modifications, have been selected as potent anti-HIV, and anti-cancer agents. Thus, oxadiazole seems to be a ‘privileged structure’ for further screening and syntheses of the new drug analogs against life threatening HIV and cancer like diseases.
The impact of hedge fund activism on target firm performance, executive compensation and executive wealth
Authors: Carrothers Andrew
Published: October 2017

This paper examines the relationship between hedge fund activism and target firm performance, executive compensation, and executive wealth. It introduces a theoretical framework that describes the activism process as a sequence of discrete decisions. The methodology uses regression analysis on a matched sample based on firm size, industry, and market-to-book ratio. All regressions control for industry and year fixed effects. Schedule 13D Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings are the source for the statistical sample of hedge fund target firms. I supplement that data with target firm financial, operating, and share price information from the CRSP-COMPUSTAT merged database. Activist hedge funds target undervalued or underperforming firms with high profitability and cash flows. They do not avoid firms with powerful CEOs. Leverage, executive compensation, pay for performance and CEO turnover increase at target firms after the arrival of the activist hedge fund. Target firm executives’ wealth is more sensitive to changes in share price after hedge fund activism events suggesting that the executive team experiences changes to their compensation structure that provides incentive to take action to improve returns to shareholders. The top executives reap rewards for increasing firm value but not for increased risk taking.
Introducing Islamic banking in new markets [Review of the book by Y. A. Siddiqi].
Authors: Yaroslav Yaroslav
Published: October 2017

This review covers the book titled “INTRODUCING ISLAMIC BANKING IN NEW MARKETS”, which was written by Dr. Yousuf Azim Siddiqi, Associate Vice President of Shari’a Structuring at Emirates Islamic Bank (UAE). The review shortly outlines the structure of the book, pays attention to it’s strong sides and issues that will be, by the reviewer’s point of view, most interesting for the reader. The reviewers also highlights the issues that the author of the book may cover in the next editions.
Study of laser interaction in water flow confinement at high repetition rate
Authors: Berthe L. , Courapied D. , El karnighi S. , Peyre P. , Gorny C. , Rouchausse Y.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a study on the confined interaction with water flow for two successive laser pulses. The dynamic of the renewal of water films after shock produced by the laser is observed using a high speed camera. Pressure produced by the two pulses is measured from rear free surface velocity measurements using a velocimeter interferometry system for any reflector. The results show a threshold delay between the two laser pulses for which laser/target coupling of the second pulse decreases. This depends on the spot diameter, the laser intensity, and flow rate. This threshold can be calculated from the maximum jet diameter and flow rate. At an incident power density of 3 GW/cm2, a spot diameter of 1 mm, and a flow rate of 10 m/s, the maximum repetition rate ensuring target/coupling of successive laser pulses can be 1 kHz. The results open perspective for laser shock peening at high repetition rates.
Iberismo versus americanismo nos esportes: Uma análise do futebol na constituição sócio-histórica do imaginário latino-americano
Authors: Buarque de Hollanda Bernardo
Published: October 2017

O artigo examina a discussão intelectual em torno da ideia de América Latina, com o objetivo principal de mostrar como tal debate repercutiu no âmbito do futebol profissional da região. O argumento proposto é o de que a concepção de uma unidade da América Latina encontrou especial dificuldade de construção identitária esportiva ao longo de sua história, mais precisamente entre fins do século XIX e o final do século passado. Se os territórios geográficos costumam atravessar períodos históricos que oscilam entre unidade e fragmentação, entre aproximação e distanciamento, entre identidade e diferença, o caso latino-americano chama a atenção pelas características particulares de sua herança colonial. Sem ser apenas uma dimensão do passado, tais influências se tornaram mais complexas no decorrer do século XX, quando a emergência dos Estados Unidos como potência hegemônica passou a ter efeitos decisivos na economia, na política e na cultura latino-americanas. O propósito do presente artigo é sugerir que, embora a hegemonia estadunidense seja inconteste em diversas esferas da vida coletiva na América Latina, tal presença não se deu de modo tão direto no âmbito dos esportes modernos, especialmente no que tange à prática do futebol profissional de alto rendimento, por meio de torneios intercontinentais de clubes e seleções. Nesse domínio, a alteridade permaneceu voltada para o outro lado do Atlântico, seja para a Grã-Bretanha, inventora e codificadora das práticas esportivas espetacularizadas, sejam para os países europeus latinos – França, Itália, Espanha e Portugal – que difundiram e influenciaram em termos institucionais e culturais os estilos e as técnicas de jogo na América do Sul.
Reflexões sobre Comportamentos Alimentares de Universitários Estrangeiros em Foz Do Iguaçu-PR
Authors: STEFANUTTI PAOLA , Almendra Marcela Sobreira Sepúlveda , Simões Gislaine Silveira , Oro Paula Marasca
Published: October 2017

Estudar fora do país de origem permite ao estudante estrangeiro vivenciar novos desafios inerentes à vida universitária, inclusive adaptar-se a uma nova alimentação com base nos ingredientes disponíveis. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar reflexões sobre o comportamento alimentar de universitários estrangeiros da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana (UNILA). Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa, por meio de questionário bilíngue aplicado a universitários voluntários da referida universidade. Com a aplicação do questionário realizou-se uma discussão baseando-se nos itens tempo, dinheiro, conhecimento culinário e nutricional, alimentos consumidos e padrão de compras de alimentos. Acrescentou-se ainda um diálogo sobre as adaptações alimentares dos universitários e suas dificuldades, reforçando o alimento com um fator identitário.  Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para outras análises, promovendo uma aproximação entre nutrição e ciências sociais, entendendo a alimentação como um fenômeno social a ser analisado de forma interdisciplinar.
Barriers and Opportunities in Recalls Management at the Health Care Provider level
Authors: Burbano Collazos Angélica , García Pretelt José Antonio , Durán Gutiérrez Luisa Fernanda , Ojeda Navia Diego Mauricio
Published: October 2017

One of the operational risks to which a Health Care Provider (HCP) is exposed is the receiving and use of products such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices that could become subject to a health alert. This patient safety issue has to be managed in order to prevent and mitigate adverse events at the last echelon of the supply chain. This article aims to expose a characterization of the alerts response process at the HCP level based on a review of the literature. Additionally, local regulations, strengths and weaknesses were identified. Finally, the study allowed for the identification of the principal opportunities and barriers that should be addressed in order to integrate the recall management process within and outside the HCP. Among these opportunities is traceability along the supply chain, and among the barriers is the high investment in the technology required to facilitate supply chain integration.
Game Utilization as a Media to Train the Balance of Left and Right Brain
Authors: Wijaya Evan
Published: October 2017

Human have two brain hemispheres, left hemisphere and right hemisphere. Left hemisphere is used for processing language, words, numbers, equations, etc. Right hemisphere is used for processing creativity, imagination, music, color, etc. Every human should have balance between left and right hemisphere. One method that could be used for balancing brain hemispheres is to use left and right hands for using tools, writing, or typing. “Typing Rhythm” is a game for PC platform, the purpose of this game is for brain balancing exercise by typing lyric of a song while the song is played.
The NLS-based Grey Bass Model for Simulating New Product Diffusion
Authors: Wang Yanyu , Pei Lingling , Wang Zhengxin
Published: October 2017

To solve the problems inherent in the existing Bass model, this paper develops a grey Bass model using a non-linear least squares method (NLS) and provides the whitenisation solution of differential equations. A Bass model exploits the specific advantage in simulating and predicting new product diffusion. Unfortunately, the existing Bass model has two problems: one lies in the conflict between the small sample support in new product diffusion and the large sample requirement in Bass model estimations; the other is over-reliance on the subjective experience in estimating potential market capacity. Although Wang et al. (2011) proposed the grey Bass model to solve the first problem, the second problem remains untouched. Based on this work by Wang and colleagues, the improved method described in this paper is not only suitable for the small sample situation, but also directly estimates potential market capacity. Using the WeChat case, the authors test the improved method's estimation and prediction effects. The results show that the estimations for internal coefficient, external coefficient and potential market capacity are all significant at the 1% level, and the prediction effect in grey theory critical level reaches level 1. Additionally, internal and external sample prediction are both consistent with the raw data and company report.
El discurso referido en el español de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Grajales Alzate Róbinson
Published: October 2017

Dentro de las expresiones del discurso referido, las más estudiadas son el discurso directo y el discurso indirecto. En su estudio en diferentes variedades de habla se analizan diferentes aspectos sintácticos y discursivos. Aquí se presentan algunos hallazgos de la descripción de estas formas de expresión del discurso referido en el español de Medellín, Colombia, tomando como referencia el corpus PRESEEA-Medellín. Se encontró que estas formas de discurso referido pueden variar con respecto a la forma de ser introducidos y su elección depende de los propósitos comunicativos del hablante, según quiera implicarse o distanciarse de lo citado.
La interculturalidad en el proceso de integración escolar de los estudiantes recién llegados a Francia
Authors: Rolong Gamboa Mónica Tatiana
Published: October 2017

Este artículo presenta el resultado de una investigación cualitativa realizada con estudiantes hijos de familias de inmigrantes que llegan a Francia con el fin de ser escolarizados en ese país (ENAF: élèves nouvellement arrivés en France). El objetivo de este trabajo reposa en la implementación de actividades pedagógicas basadas en el enfoque intercultural como medio para alcanzar un proceso de integración más eficaz y menos complejo. Se recurrió a la investigación acción con el propósito de realizar, en primer lugar, un diagnóstico y, luego, hacer una mejor evaluación de la problemática encontrada. Al final de la puesta en marcha del plan de acción y los cuestionarios, se pudo constatar que el enfoque intercultural representa un motor que activa la motivación y sobre todo la curiosidad por la nueva lengua-cultura.
El vínculo con la escritura. Aspectos teóricos y didácticos
Authors: Vergara Luján Omaira
Published: October 2017

En estos enfoques se inscribe de manera decidida el trabajo de Christine Barré-De Miniac.
Evolución de la estructura de clases sociales en Colombia, 1938-2010. ¿Han crecido las clases medias?
Authors: Fresneda Bautista Oscar
Published: October 2017

El artículo describe la forma como ha evolucionado la estructura de clases sociales de los trabajadores en Colombia entre 1938 y 2010 y señala la correspondencia entre ese proceso y los regímenes de acumulación que ha tenido el país en este transcurso. Para ello recurre a una clasificación propia de clases sociales que es aplicada a distintas fuentes estadísticas que cubren este periodo. Se concluye que, en una perspectiva de largo plazo, después de un importante aumento de las clases medias durante el régimen de sustitución de importaciones, no se ha presentado un aumento continuo de esas clases desde la década de 1990.
Microviolencia en el trabajo, una práctica cotidiana del ejercicio del poder del management en las organizaciones
Authors: Román Muñoz Olga Herminda
Published: October 2017

El propósito de esta investigación es identificar expresiones de microviolencia en el trabajo que se presentan en diferentes tipos de empresas, las cuales constituyen una práctica cotidiana del ejercicio del poder y dominio del management en cualquier nivel organizacional. Mediante una encuesta de percepción que aborda varias expresiones de microviolencia en el trabajo se logró determinar que son muy frecuentes este tipo de prácticas y que, además, pasan desapercibidas porque son consideradas “normales” dentro de la organización. Lo anterior coadyuva a generar y transmitir más violencia hacia el entorno. A partir de estos resultados se expone una serie de reflexiones para discusión en tiempos de paz y reconciliación, desde el deber que tiene el management de forjar un ambiente agradable de trabajo para mantener la salud mental y física de sus colaboradores, así como impulsar un desarrollo integral de la organización bajo los principios de ética y responsabilidad social.
Los justos en el conflicto armado colombiano: Intercambios simbólicos euro-latinoamericanos para el posconflicto
Authors: Tognato Carlos
Published: October 2017

En Colombia la lucha por la memoria histórica se ha focalizado en la oposición entre víctimas y victimarios. Aquí introduciré una tercera figura, la de los “justos en el conflicto armado colombiano”, rescatando así la categoría de “justos entre las naciones”, que hasta ahora se ha utilizado exclusivamente con referencia al holocausto judío. Dar este paso permite, primero, introducir un instrumento novedoso para cauterizar el tejido civil lacerado de sociedades como la colombiana, que salen de conflictos de larga duración, y deben reactivar la formación de lazos de solidaridad entre ciudadanos pertenecientes a grupos sociales y políticos distintos; segundo, proveer una herramienta narrativa útil para contrarrestar los efectos negativos de la polarización extrema sobre la sostenibilidad de un discurso civil en la esfera pública colombiana; y finalmente, reflexionar sobre los retos inherentes a ciertos intercambios simbólicos entre Europa y América Latina.
Risk factors for post caesarean surgical site infection at a tertiary care center in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Chhetry Manisha , Subedi Shanti , Banerjee Basudeb
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:Post cesarean surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the commonly encountered complications which considerably increase the burden to health care. It is caused due to the interplay of various patient related, procedure related and iatrogenic factors. This study aims at identifying common risk factors for post cesarean SSI at our centre.Materials & Methods:This was a prospective observational study conducted from July 2015 to December 2015, in which all patients who were admitted with post cesarean SSI or developed SSI during their stay were included and their risk factors were studied.Results:Emergency procedures (82.97%) were more likely to develop SSI as compared to elective cesarean (17%). Among the patient related risk factors most of them were nulliparous (48.9%), term gestation (42.6%), malnourished (53.1%) and had history of prolonged leaking (44.68%) The mean age was 24.04±4.6years.Most of the patients who developed SSI were operated for repeat cesarean and fetal indications. Most patients who had SSI had at three to five per vaginal examinations (2.72±2). 66% of patient who had SSI had duration of surgery more than one hour. 68% of the surgeries which developed SSI were done by residents as compared to 32% of those done by consultantsConclusion:The commonly associated risk factors linked with post cesarean SSI are maternal age, emergency procedures, prolonged membrane rupture, multiple vaginal examinations, malnutrition and the experience of surgeon.
Atypical Presentation of Traumatic Neuroma: A case report
Authors: Agrawal Bela , Yadav Ajit Kumar , Goel Khushboo , Shrestha Sajeev , Shrestha Ashish
Published: October 2017

Congenital Traumatic neuroma is a rare disorder that represents a reactive proliferation of neural tissue followingdamage to an adjacent nerve. Rarely these lesions appear in the oral cavity with certain predilection for the mental foramen and the tongue area. However, its presentation on lip is more unusual with only few cases being reported in the literature. Typically diagnosed in middle-aged women, patient complains of pain as a frequent symptom. Clinically, the lip lesions appear as a normal or grayish white nodule with a smooth surface that typically resembles a mucocele. We report here a case of a 37-year old female who presented with similar signs and symptoms and was diagnosed clinically as a mucocele. However, histopathological examination revealed it as a traumatic neuroma that was surgically excised. The patient is under follow-up with no signs of recurrence for 18 months.
Registration of ‘CP 07‐2320’ Sugarcane
Authors: McCord Per H. , Comstock Jack C. , Zhao Duli , Gordon Vanessa S. , Sood Sushma G. , McCorkle Katherine , Davidson R. Wayne , Baltazar Miguel , Singh Maninder P. , Sandhu Hardev S.
Published: October 2017

‘CP 07‐2320’ (Reg. No. CV‐177, PI 681716) sugarcane, a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp., was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugarcane League and was released to growers in September 2015. CP 07‐2320 was selected from a cross made at the USDA‐ARS Sugarcane Field Station in Canal Point, FL, in December 2005. The female parent was CP 02‐2065, and the male parent was CP 96‐1865. CP 07‐2320 was superior to the reference cultivar ‘CP 89‐2143’ for muck soils with regards to stalk population, stalk weight, cane yield, commercial recoverable sucrose (a measure of sucrose content), sucrose yield, and economic index (i.e., overall profitability). CP 07‐2320 was superior to the reference cultivar ‘CP 78‐1628’ for sand soils with respect to stalk weight, cane yield, commercial recoverable, sucrose yield, and economic index. The cultivar is resistant to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow), leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilineans Ashby, Dowson), and ratoon stunt (caused by Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli Davis). CP 07‐2320 is susceptible to Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), based on the results of an artificial inoculation test, and is moderately susceptible to smut [Sporisorium scitamineum (Syd.) Piepenbring et al.], Sugarcane yellow leaf virus, and orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii E.J. Butler) under field conditions. This cultivar is recommended for both organic (muck) and mineral (sand) soils in Florida.
Registration of ‘Verdín’, an Early‐Season, Opaque Black‐Seeded Bean Cultivar
Authors: Tosquy-Valle Oscar Hugo , López-Salinas Ernesto , Ibarra-Pérez Francisco Javier , Villar-Sánchez Bernardo , Rodríguez-Rodríguez José Raúl , Acosta-Gallegos Jorge Alberto , Beebe Steve
Published: October 2017

In the tropical lowlands of Mexico, terminal drought is the most limiting abiotic factor for bean production in the residual moisture system. In 2014, the breeding line SEN 70 was registered by INIFAP as ‘Verdín’ common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. No. CV‐320, PI 681655). Verdín is an early‐season black bean cultivar developed through pedigree combined with mass selection for five cycles at different environments of Colombia and extensively tested under field conditions in Veracruz and Chiapas, Mexico. Verdín is well adapted to tropical areas of southeastern Mexico and exhibits tolerance to terminal drought and Bean golden yellow mosaic virus and resistance to Bean common mosaic virus. The average yield of Verdín over 12 environments in Veracruz and Chiapas was 1437 kg ha−1, 9.9 and 7.4% higher than checks cultivars ‘Negro Comapa‘ and ‘Negro Papaloapan’. In the winter–spring (February–May) dry season, Verdín was included in an irrigated versus nonirrigated field trial and was outstanding in adaptation to terminal drought (drought susceptibility index = 0.8) with high relative efficiency (relative efficiency index = 1.45). Verdín was included in a uniform yield trial conducted under residual moisture for 2 yr (2013–2014) across six environments in Veracruz and Chiapas, terminal drought occurring in four of those. In environments with terminal drought, Verdín yield was 1122 kg ha−1, 49.9 and 41.7% higher than checks ‘Negro Tacaná’ and ‘Negro Jamapa’, respectively. Without moisture stress, Verdín's yield was 1568 kg ha−1, 17.4 and 39.9% higher than the checks. Verdín can be grown under rainfed and residual moisture conditions in tropical lowlands of southern Mexico.
Readability of New Aviation Chart Symbology in Day and NVG Reading Conditions
Authors: Wagstaff Anthony S. , Larsen Terje
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: The Swedish Air Force (SwAF) conducted a study in 2010 to harmonize portrayal of aeronautical info (AI) on SwAF charts with NATO standards. A mismatch was found concerning vertical obstructions (VO). Norway regarded Sweden’s existing symbology as a way to solve
the problem of overcrowded air charts and the two countries started to cooperate. The result of this development was a new set of symbology for obstacles. The aim of this study was to test the readability of the new obstacle and power line symbols compared to the old symbols. We also wished
to assess the readability in NVG illumination conditions, particularly regarding the new symbols compared to the old.METHODS: In a randomized controlled study design, 21 volunteer military pilots from the Norwegian and Swedish Air Force were asked to perform tracking and chart-reading
tests. The chart-reading test scored both errors and readability using a predefined score index. Subjective scoring was also done at the end of the test day.RESULTS: Overall response time improved by approximately 20% using the new symbology and error rate decreased by approximately
30–90% where statistically significant differences were found.DISCUSSION: The tracking test turned out to be too difficult due to several factors in the experimental design. Even though some caution should be shown in drawing conclusions from this study, the general trends
seem well supported with the number of aircrew subjects we were able to recruit.Wagstaff AS, Larsen T. Readability of new aviation chart symbology in day and NVG reading conditions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(11):978–984.
A Psychiatric Formulary for Long-Duration Spaceflight
Authors: Friedman Eric , Bui Brian
Published: October 2017

INTRODUCTION: Behavioral health is essential for the safety, well-being, and performance of crewmembers in both human spaceflight and Antarctic exploration. Over the past five decades, psychiatric issues have been documented in orbital spaceflight. In Antarctica, literature suggests
up to 5% of wintering crewmembers could meet criteria for a psychiatric illness, including mood disorders, stressor-related disorders, sleep-wake disorders, and substance-related disorders. Experience from these settings indicates that psychiatric disorders on deep space missions must be anticipated.
An important part of planning for the psychological health of crewmembers is the onboard provision of psychotropic drugs. These medications have been available on orbital missions. A greater variety and supply of these drugs exist at Antarctic facilities. The size and diversity of a deep space
psychiatric formulary will be greater than that provided on orbital missions. Drugs to be provisioned include anxiolytics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and hypnotics. Each drug category should include different medications, providing diverse pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic,
and side effect profiles. The formulary itself should be rigorously controlled, given the abuse potential of some medications. In-flight treatment strategies could include psychological monitoring of well-being and early intervention for significant symptoms. Psychiatric emergencies would
be treated aggressively with behavioral and pharmacological interventions to de-escalate potentially hazardous situations. On long-duration space missions, a robust psychiatric formulary could provide crewmembers autonomy and flexibility in treating a range of behavioral issues from depression
to acute psychosis. This will contribute to the safety, health, and performance of crewmembers, and to mission success.Friedman E, Bui B. A psychiatric formulary for long-duration spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(11):1024–1033.
Nanoclay-Reinforced Glass-Ionomer Cements: In Vitro Wear Evaluation and Comparison by Two Wear-Test Methods
Authors: Fareed Muhammad , Stamboulis Artemis
Published: October 2017

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) represents a major transformation in restorative dentistry. Wear of dental restoratives is a common phenomenon and the determination of the wear resistance of direct-restorative materials is a challenging task. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the wear resistance of novel glass ionomer cement by two wear-test methods and to compare the two wear methods.The wear resistance of a conventional glass ionomer cement (HiFi Advanced Health Care Kent, UK) and cements modified by including various percentages of nanoclays (1, 2 and 4 wt %) was measured by a reciprocating wear test (ball-on-flat) and Oregon Health and Sciences University’s (OHSU) wear simulator. The OHSU wear simulation subjected the cement specimens to three wear mechanisms, namely abrasion, three-body abrasion and attrition using a steatite antagonist. The abrasion wear resulted in material loss from GIC specimen as the steatite antagonist forced through the exposed glass particles when it travelled along the sliding path.The hardness of specimens was measured by the Vickers hardness test. The results of reciprocation wear test showed that HiFi-1 resulted in the lowest wear volume 4.90 (0.60) mm3 (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the wear volume in comparison to HiFi, HiFi-2 and HiFi-4. Similarly, the results of OHSU wear simulator showed that the total wear volume of HiFi-4 1.49 (0.24) was higher than HiFi-1 and HiFi-2. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the OHSU total wear volume in GICs after nanoclay incorporation. The Vickers hardness (HV) of the nanoclay-reinforced cements was measured between 62 and 89 HV. Nanoclay addition at a higher concentration (4%) resulted in higher wear volume and wear depth. The total wear volumes were less dependent upon abrasion volume and attrition volume. The total wear depths were strongly influenced by attrition depth and to some extent by abrasion depth. The addition of nanoclay in higher wt % to HiFi did not result in significant improvement in wear resistance and hardness. Nonetheless, wear is a very complex phenomenon because it is sensitive to a wide number of factors that do not necessarily act in the same way when compared using different parameters.