bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing emotional engagement with running through communal self‐tracking: the implications of ‘teleoaffective shaping’ for public health
Authors: Spotswood Fiona , Shankar Avi , Piwek Lukasz
Published: February 2020

Emerging research explores the role of self‐tracking in supporting healthy behaviour. Self‐tracking comprises a number of interrelated practices; some individual some communal. In this article, we focus on practices that enable interaction between self‐trackers through data sharing and communication around personal data. For public health, communal self‐tracking has been explored for the additional benefits it provides in addition to self‐knowledge. However, under‐explored is the emotional entanglement of self‐tracking and tracked activities, or the role of practitioners in the dynamic evolution of tracked practices. Qualitative, mixed methods data were collected from leisure‐time runners in the SW England who self‐track using social fitness app ‘Strava’, and were interpreted through the lens of practice theory. We find that communal self‐tracking affords the active shaping of the emotion and purpose of running. This ‘teleoaffective shaping’ allows practitioners to negotiate and reconstitute appealing meanings associated with running to protect their practice loyalty. We identify three mechanisms for teleoaffective shaping afforded by Strava: labelling, reward and materialising effort. Findings advance our understanding of how social fitness apps work to retain practitioners of physically active leisure practices. Future research should further explore the multiple ways that associations with tracked physical activity evolve through entanglement with self‐tracking practices.
Sacred Space in Egeria's Fourth‐Century Pilgrimage Account
Authors: Bader Giselle
Published: February 2020

This article examines Egeria's pilgrimage in the 380s as emblemising the fourth‐century Constantinian conception of the Holy Land as a sacred space. Egeria's account is the second‐oldest surviving pilgrim itinerarium and her writing helped pioneer the development and codification of pilgrimage as a lived religious practice. Egeria embarked on pilgrimage with the belief that holiness was accessible through an immersion within the sacred Palestinian landscape. She expressed two desires: to engage closely with holy sites and to see how monastic communities were living and praying within the landscape. This liminal landscape was a ritual site where prayers brought the past into the present. Although she travelled with a deep belief in Constantine's legacy of holy places, a routinisation of pilgrimage had not yet occurred. With no scriptural, doctrinal or theological definition of the practice, she was autonomous in defining the meaning of holy landscapes within her own context. This article finds in Egeria's account an early example of the transformative and liminal phenomenon of pilgrimage through the eyes of an independent, devout, and pioneering female pilgrim.
Umami fractions obtained from water‐soluble extracts of red oncom and black oncom—Indonesian fermented soybean and peanut products
Authors: Andayani Safira Noor , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani , Wijaya Christofora Hanny , Ogawa Masahiro
Published: February 2020

Red oncom, a fermented product from solid waste of soybean curd process, and black oncom, a similar fermented product but made from defatted peanut cake, have been known to have umami taste. Umami fractions of red oncom and black oncom that are responsible for umami taste have not been investigated yet. The objective of this research was to characterize umami fractions obtained by ultrafiltration and chromatography of both oncoms. The first step, water‐soluble extracts of oncoms were ultrafiltered using a membrane with cutoff 3,000 Da and followed by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G‐25) to obtain umami fractions. Ultrafiltration fractions of red oncom (molecular weight [MW] less than 3,000 Da) and black oncom (MW more than 3,000 Da) had an intense umami taste. The further fractionation by gel filtration chromatography linked to taste dilution analysis yielded umami fractions. Chemical characterization revealed that free glutamic acid, free phenylalanine, and peptides containing their residual amino acids were present in the fractions.

Practical Application

Umami fractions of red and black oncoms can be used as a source of umami compounds for food industries and food services. The information from this paper can be used by other researchers who will explore umami peptides.
Analyzing the Effects of Groundwater Pumping on an Urban Stream‐Aquifer System
Authors: Flores Luke , Bailey Ryan T. , Kraeger‐Rovey Catherine
Published: February 2020

When the cone of influence of a pumping well reaches a nearby river, the resulting hydraulic gradient can induce enhanced seepage of streamflow into the aquifer. The rate of seepage is often modeled using analytical solutions that are simple to apply but may not reproduce field data due to mathematical assumptions not being met in the field. Furthermore, the appropriateness of such models has not been investigated in detail due to difficulty in measuring streamflow loss in the field. In this study, a field experiment was conducted on a reach of the South Platte River near Denver, Colorado to estimate pumping‐induced streamflow loss. A network of stream gauges, monitoring wells, and in situ measurements was used to observe streamflow rates, groundwater levels, and temperature to assess if pumping wells have a significant impact on streamflow, and to compare observed streamflow depletion against analytical solutions. Data collected suggest that pumping wells have a noticeable impact on streamflow. The analytical solutions proved accurate if streamflow was low and constant but performed poorly if streamflow was high and variable. Therefore, for this reach, the use of analytical solutions to predict streamflow may only be appropriate under low‐flow, constant‐flow conditions. Methods and results can be used to guide other streamflow depletion studies and to inform cases of pumping‐induced streamflow depletion, particularly in regard to water rights.
Reply to Discussion
Authors: Hunt Luke J.H. , Fair Julie , Odland Maxwell
Published: February 2020

In the Discussion, Nash et al. (2019) estimate the seasonal change in groundwater volume for a portion of the restored Sierra Nevada Meadow that we evaluated (Hunt et al. 2018) and use this estimate as an upper bound on the possible contribution to flow that is attributable to restoration. The authors conclude that raising the channel bed elevation and reconnecting the meadow floodplain most likely reduced summer streamflow. In contrast, we report at least a fivefold increase in baseflow from the meadow in the years following restoration. In addition, we observed that, after restoration, the previously intermittent stream below the meadow flowed continuously throughout the summer months, despite record drought conditions, and in 2015, the lowest snowpack on record. We suggest that the groundwater budget presented in the Discussion may not adequately represent conditions within the meadow because the authors extrapolate from 5 near‐channel groundwater wells across 62 ha of meadow and assume an area of influence that is approximately one‐sixth of the meadow area. We conclude that the conversion of an intermittent stream to perennial flow during drought conditions is a stronger check on our gauge data than the groundwater budget presented in the Discussion.
Heart Rate Variability Reactivity Moderates the Indirect Link Between Child Maltreatment and Young Adult Alcohol Use Problems Via Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Liu Sihong , Oshri Assaf , Duprey Erinn B.
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives

Young adults with childhood maltreatment (CM) histories are particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems. Research suggests that maltreated youth may misuse alcohol in part to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, many youths with depressive symptoms exercise self‐control and abstain from heavy alcohol use. The present study aimed to examine the influence of heart rate variability reactivity (HRV‐R), a psychophysiological biomarker of self‐regulation, in the indirect link between CM and alcohol‐use problems via depressive symptoms among low socioeconomic‐status rural young adults.

Methods

Two waves of data were collected from a community sample of 225 low socioeconomic‐status nonmetropolitan young adults (Mage = 21.56, 52.9% female). HRV data were obtained with an electrocardiogram during a social stress task. CM was assessed through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Alcohol use problems were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.

Results

The indirect effect of CM on alcohol use problems via elevated depressive symptoms was positive and significant (α × β = .159, P < .001). Self‐regulation, indicated by high HRV‐R (ie, vagal withdrawal), was found to significantly buffer the link between depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems (β = .193, P = .022).

Discussion and Conclusions

Adequate self‐regulation capacities can protect maltreated youths from self‐medicating alcohol use problems.

Scientific Significance

This study will advance researchers’ understanding of the development of alcohol use problems through unwrapping the risk and protective mechanisms underlying the association between young adults’ early life stress and alcohol use behaviors. (Am J Addict 2020;29:141–150)
Evaluation of genetic richness among Vietnamese native pig breeds using microsatellite markers
Authors: Ba Nguyen V. , Arakawa Aisaku , Ishihara Shinya , Nam Le Q. , Thuy Tran T. T. , Dinh Nguyen C. , Ninh Pham H. , Cuc Ngo T. K. , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Pham Lan D. , Taniguchi Masaaki
Published: February 2020

We have elucidated genetic relationships of Vietnamese native pigs (VNP) using preliminarily collected samples by a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. In order to confirm our previous results and compare with the results of a previous study using microsatellite (MS) markers, we aimed to characterize genetic diversity and population structure in wider varieties (24 breeds from 21 Provinces) of VNP across the country using 20 polymorphic MS markers recommended by ISAG/FAO (International Society for Animal Genetics/Food and Agriculture Organization) for diversity study. In this study, we collected 1,136 DNA samples of the VNPs and three exotic breeds. Our results revealed that the average number of alleles and allelic richness across the loci in VNPs were 10.0 and 7.6, which were higher than those of exotic breeds. Genomic components among VNPs were subjected to the sampling locations. Interestingly, Co Binh Thuan showed remarkable genetic feature compared to the other VNPs, because the habitation of Co Binh Thuan was relatively far from the other breeds. The results of this study provided useful information for exploitation, conservation, and development trends of the VNP breeds. More recently, African swine fever caused significant damage to most of the VNP populations. Therefore, our findings will help a reconstruction scheme of the VNP genetic resources.
The utility of preoperative radiological evaluation of early rectal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: O’Connell E. , Galvin R. , McNamara D. A. , Burke J. P.
Published: February 2020

Aim

The diagnostic role for preoperative imaging of clinically benign rectal adenomas is unclear. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative imaging in distinguishing benign adenomas from rectal cancer.

Method

A systematic search was performed for all studies published that correlated staging of clinically benign rectal adenomas with endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) or MRI and histology. Imaging was compared with postoperative histology and data on the numbers of true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives were extracted. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity with 95% CIs were calculated using a bivariate random effects model. The QUADAS2 tool was used to determine the methodological quality of included studies.

Results

Eleven studies describing 1511 patients were retrieved. A total of 1134 patients underwent local excision and 377 had a formal proctectomy. A benign rectal adenoma was diagnosed in 840 and 214 had a T1 rectal cancer. For confirming benign adenomas, the pooled sensitivity of ERUS was 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.89) and specificity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.68–0.93). For detecting occult T1 tumours, the pooled sensitivity of ERUS was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33–0.66) and specificity was 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.94). Quantitative analysis of MRI could not be performed due to insufficient studies.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the limited accuracy of preoperative ERUS in distinguishing benign adenomas from T1 rectal cancer. Preoperative imaging must be interpreted with caution to prevent over‐staging and unnecessary proctectomy. We propose that clinically benign lesions may undergo local excision, with subsequent management based on final histology.
Nest usurpation by non‐native birds and the role of people in nest box management
Authors: Bailey Robyn L. , Faulkner‐Grant Holly A. , Martin Victoria Y. , Phillips Tina B. , Bonter David N.
Published: February 2020

Invasive species are a threat to global biodiversity, yet the impacts of invasive birds on the native birds with which they compete are understudied. Humans have a long history of providing and managing nest boxes to support native birds; however, their management of non‐native birds has received limited research attention. We surveyed people who maintain nest boxes in North America to examine the extent of interference competition for nest sites between native and non‐native birds and the human behaviors intended to reduce nest site competition. Our specific objectives were to examine observations of nest usurpation of native birds by non‐native birds across the United States and Canada, to ascertain whether and how people who maintain nest boxes control non‐native bird species in favor of native species, and to quantify various factors correlated with the likelihood of engaging in management activities. We found that nearly one‐third of the 871 respondents had observed a non‐native species usurp a nest box occupied by a native species. Among respondents who reported nest usurpations, species‐specific nest usurpation rates varied (range = 3–35%). We found that witnessing a nest usurpation is the most important predictor of whether or not someone will engage in management activities. Management activity was also associated with the extent to which respondents believed non‐native birds to be a problem at the continental scale. Our study shows that people's observations of threats from introduced species are correlated with the environmental management actions people take, and that these actions can mitigate the threats, and potentially support the survival of native birds.
The use of nondestructive evaluation methods in fatigue: A review
Authors: Wisner Brian , Mazur Krzysztof , Kontsos Antonios
Published: February 2020

Efforts to understand fatigue in materials generally rely on defining relationships between the material response to fatigue loading and the evolving remaining material life portion. Typical measurements and data associated with such relationships include load (stress), displacement (strain), and associated properties (eg, mean stress and strain, energy dissipation, and residual stiffness). In addition to obtaining such measurements, efforts have been made to leverage nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to obtain additional information and enhance the description of the material fatigue response, especially its evolution due to interacting material‐microstructure‐property relationships. Given the range of available NDE methods and the number of materials they can be applied to, a critical overview of related investigations is presented in this article. Specifically, the state of the art of applying optical, thermal, acoustic, electromagnetic, X‐ray, and other diffraction NDE methods in fatigue investigations is provided and discussed. The methods are individually described for background and defining their relationship to fatigue, followed by descriptions of their current uses and contributions to enhancing the understanding of fatigue, and their limitations and ways that improvements could be made.
Glutamine and methionine targeted pulsed electric field treatment for enhanced immune activity in pine nut Gln‐Trp‐Phe‐Met peptides
Authors: Sun LiangZi , Zhang Shuyu , Yuan Liyan , Yang Yiying , Lin Songyi
Published: February 2020

The immunocompetence of an immune regulatory active Gln‐Trp‐Phe‐Met (QWFM) tetrapeptide obtained from pine nut protein was enhanced using a pulsed electric field (PEF). The effects of PEF were estimated based on phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) assays of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. PEF significantly (P < 0.05) increased the ability of the macrophages to perform neutral red phagocytosis and produce NO. The relationship between the activity and structure of the peptide was further investigated using infrared, Raman, circular dichroism (CD) and one‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The infrared and Raman spectra indicated that the primary structure and functional groups of the peptide were not altered by PEF treatment, while the CD revealed that the secondary structures of the peptide were affected. Furthermore, PEF treatment changed the chemical environment of the active hydrogen protons. The PEF treatment targeted the glutamine (Q) and methionine (M) in the QWFM tetrapeptide, both of which were specifically related to the immunological activity of the peptide. This overall enhancement of QWFM immunoregulatory activity was attributed to the changes in the spatial force and the state in the peptide solution system.
The influence of syringe geometry on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative flow test
Authors: Matsuyama Shingo , Nakauma Makoto , Funami Takahiro , Yamagata Yoshie , Kayashita Jun
Published: February 2020

Recently published International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework provides a new global guideline on texture modification and standardisation for dysphagia patients. The IDDSI flow test determines the usage of the 10‐mL syringe with a fixed length from the zero to the 10‐mL line engraved on the barrel. The objective of this work was to investigate the influences of the other syringe geometries on the IDDSI test. Three syringes of different geometries were used for the test. Results from the IDDSI test (i.e. the amount of residue in the syringe after the gravitational flow for 10 s) depended on the syringe geometries. The actual amount of residue in the syringe can be predicted by calculation using the Hagen–Poiseuille equation. Most importantly, results from the simulation of the residue with changing the syringe geometries demonstrated that the nozzle inner diameter is the most important factor on the IDDSI flow test.
Identification of Intracellular Bacteria in the CiliateBalantidium ctenopharyngodoni(Ciliophora, Litostomatea)
Authors: Zhao Weishan , Li Ming , Xiong Fan , Zhang Dong , Wu Shangong , Zou Hong , Li Wenxiang , Wang Guitang
Published: February 2020

The ciliateBalantidium ctenopharyngodoniis the most prominent protist in the guts of grass carp, where it mainly inhabits the creamy luminal contents of the hindgut. Ciliates are generally colonized by microorganisms via phagotrophic feeding. In order to study the intracellular bacteria in this ciliate, we have successfully established it in in vitro culture. Herein, we investigated and compared the bacterial community structures of cultured and freshly collectedB. ctenopharyngodoni. The results showed that these two groups exhibited different bacterial communities. The most abundant bacterial family in freshly collected samples was Enterobacteriaceae, while in cultured samples it was Fusobacteriaceae. In addition, a key intracellular bacterium,Cetobacterium somerae, was identified in the cytoplasm of cultured ciliates using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This study shows that ciliates can retain the intracellular bacteria acquired in the natural habitat for quite a long time, but the bacterial community structure of ciliates eventually changes after a long period of cultivation.
Incidence and Predictors of Aspirin Discontinuation in Older Adult Veteran Nursing Home Residents at End of Life
Authors: Springer Sydney P. , Mor Maria K. , Sileanu Florentina , Zhao Xinhua , Aspinall Sherrie L. , Ersek Mary , Niznik Joshua D. , Hanlon Joseph T. , Hunnicutt Jacob , Gellad Walid F. , Schleiden Loren J. , Thorpe Joshua M. , Thorpe Carolyn T.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

Continuation of aspirin for secondary prevention in persons with limited life expectancy (LLE) is controversial. We sought to determine the incidence and predictors of aspirin discontinuation in veterans with LLE and/or advanced dementia (LLE/AD) who were taking aspirin for secondary prevention at nursing home admission, stratified by whether their limited prognosis (LP) was explicitly documented at admission.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study using linked Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare clinical/administrative data and Minimum Data Set resident assessments.

SETTING

All VA nursing homes (referred to as community living centers [CLCs]) in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS

Older (≥65 y) CLC residents with LLE/AD, admitted for 7 days or longer in fiscal years 2009 to 2015, who had a history of coronary artery disease and/or stroke/transient ischemic attack, and used aspirin within the first week of CLC admission (n = 13 844).

MEASUREMENTS

The primary dependent variable was aspirin discontinuation within the first 90 days after CLC admission, defined as 14 consecutive days of no aspirin receipt. Independent variables included an indicator for explicit documentation of LP, sociodemographics, environment of care characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, bleeding risk factors, individual markers of poor prognosis (eg, cancer, weight loss), and facility characteristics. Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models with death as a competing risk were used to assess predictors of discontinuation.

RESULTS

Cumulative incidence of aspirin discontinuation was 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 26%‐28%) in the full sample, 34% (95% CI = 33%‐36%) in residents with explicit documentation of LP, and 24% (95% CI = 23%‐25%) in residents with no such documentation. The associations of independent variables with aspirin discontinuation differed in residents with vs without explicit LP documentation at admission.

CONCLUSION

Just over one‐quarter of patients discontinued aspirin, possibly reflecting the unclear role of aspirin in end of life among prescribers. Future research should compare outcomes of aspirin deprescribing in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:725–735, 2020
Antenatal predictors of intestinal pathologies in fetal bowel dilatation
Authors: Huang Lan , Huang Danping , Wang Hongying , Zhang Xiangxiang , Yu Hongkui , Yang Pan
Published: February 2020

Aim

Fetal bowel dilatation (FBD) in the late trimester of pregnancy can be related with varies of prognosis. Our aims were to obtain antenatal factors that might have relevance for the distinct prognosis with FBD.

Methods

Seven features of 68 pregnancies presented with FBD were assessed. The best cut‐off value to predict intestinal outcomes was selected using receiver‐operating characteristics curves, and the effective variables were included into a logistic regression model.

Results

The best cut‐off valves to predict intestinal pathologies were 14.5 mm of fetus dilated loop and 37.7 weeks of gestational age at delivery, respectively. The congenital gastrointestinal tract anomalies included 24 cases (92.3%) of intestine atresia, 1 case (3.85%) of small intestine volvulus and 1 case (3.85%) of midgut malrotation.

Conclusion

Fetal dilated loops and gestational age at delivery are both an independent risk factor for predicting intestinal pathologies of newborns, which should arouse high attention.
Combined Effects of Temperature, Irradiance, and pH on Teleaulax amphioxeia (Cryptophyceae) Physiology and Feeding Ratio For Its Predator Mesodinium rubrum (Ciliophora)1
Authors: Gaillard Sylvain , Charrier Aurélie , Malo Florent , Carpentier Liliane , Bougaran Gaël , Hégaret Hélène , Réveillon Damien , Hess Philipp , Séchet Véronique
Published: February 2020

The cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia is a source of plastids for the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum and both organisms are members of the trophic chain of several species of Dinophysis. It is important to better understand the ecology of organisms at the first trophic levels before assessing the impact of principal factors of global change on Dinophysis spp. Therefore, combined effects of temperature, irradiance, and pH on growth rate, photosynthetic activity, and pigment content of a temperate strain of T. amphioxeia were studied using a full factorial design (central composite design 23*) in 17 individually controlled bioreactors. The derived model predicted an optimal growth rate of T. amphioxeia at a light intensity of 400 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1, more acidic pH (7.6) than the current average and a temperature of 17.6°C. An interaction between temperature and irradiance on growth was also found, while pH did not have any significant effect. Subsequently, to investigate potential impacts of prey quality and quantity on the physiology of the predator, M. rubrum was fed two separate prey: predator ratios with cultures of T. amphioxeia previously acclimated at two different light intensities (100 and 400 μmol photons · m−2 s−1). M. rubrum growth appeared to be significantly dependent on prey quantity while effect of prey quality was not observed. This multi‐parametric study indicated a high potential for a significant increase of T. amphioxeia in future climate conditions but to what extent this would lead to increased occurrences of Mesodinium spp. and Dinophysis spp. should be further investigated.
Clinicopathological analysis of splenic red pulp low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Suzuki Takaharu , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Shimono Joji , Kawamoto Keisuke , Arakawa Fumiko , Furuta Takuya , Yamada Kyohei , Yanagida Eriko , Takeuchi Mai , Seto Masao , Sone Hirohito , Takizawa Jun , Ohshima Koichi
Published: February 2020

Primary splenic low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of the red pulp comprises hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and splenic B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable (SPLL‐U). SPLL‐U is a rare disease that includes subtypes of a hairy cell leukemia‐variant (HCL‐v), splenic diffuse red pulp small B‐cell lymphoma (SDRPL) and other types that are known as narrow sense SPLL‐U (SPLL‐U‐NS). Notably, limited information is available regarding the BRAF mutation (V600E) and cyclin D3 expression in subtypes of SPLL‐U. Therefore, we performed a pathological analysis of the BRAF mutation (V600E) and characterized pathological features of SPLL‐U. We reviewed the pathological findings of 12 SPLL‐U cases. The 12 cases considered included two cases of HCL‐v, six cases of SPLL‐U‐NS and four undetermined cases. The BRAF mutation (V600E) was detected in three cases, which were all SPLL‐U‐NS. Cases with the BRAF mutation (V600E) have increased levels of CD103 expression and decreased cyclin D3 and cyclin D1 expression compared with cases that lacked the BRAF mutation. These findings suggest that the BRAF mutation might play a significant role in SPLL‐U. Therefore, the significance of the BRAF mutation should be evaluated via genomic or transcriptional analyses of a large cohort of SPLL‐U patients.
Can rapport building strategies, age, and question type influence preschoolers’ disclosures of adult wrongdoing?
Authors: Magnusson Mikaela , Ernberg Emelie , Landström Sara , Joleby Malin , Akehurst Lucy
Published: February 2020

In the present experiment, we examined preschoolers’ disclosures of a secret as a function of rapport building strategies used in Scandinavian field settings (verbal rapport building vs. prop rapport building), age in months (33–75 months) and question type (open‐ended free recall invitation vs. suggestive questions). Fifty‐three preschoolers (M = 60.5 months old, SD = 11.4) witnessed a researcher break a toy and were asked to keep the toy breakage a secret. The children were thereafter interviewed about the incident. Overall, 18.9% of the children disclosed the secret after an open‐ended free recall invitation. The disclosure rate rose to 83% after the final phase of the interviews when questions containing suggestive details were asked of the children. Notably, we did not observe any significant effects as a function of manipulating rapport building strategy. A linear regression model showed that child age (in months) significantly predicted the amount of reported details, with younger preschoolers reporting fewer details compared to older preschoolers. Age also predicted the amount of correct details, but not the amount of incorrect details. No age differences were found with regard to children’s disclosure tendencies or proportion of central details about the secret. Methodological limitations and practical implications will be addressed.
microRNA‐143‐3p regulates odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through regulation of the osteoprotegerin–RANK ligand pathway by targeting RANK
Authors: Yang Changwei , Jia Ru , Zuo Qiliang , Zheng Yanfen , Wu Qianju , Luo Bizhu , Lin Pingting , Yin Lu
Published: February 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What is the role of miR‐143‐3p during human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) differentiation.

What is the main finding and its importance?

miR‐143‐3p negatively regulates receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (RANK). RANK ligand (RANKL) binds to RANK and stimulates the development of osteoclasts. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits the interaction between RANK and RANKL. The OPG–RANKL signalling pathway regulates odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are capable of differentiating into odontoblast‐like cells, which secrete reparative dentin after injury, in which the role of microRNA‐143‐3p (miR‐143‐3p) has been identified. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism by which miR‐143‐3p influences odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. The relationship between miR‐143‐3p and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (RANK) was initially identified by bioinformatics prediction and further verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function analysis with miR‐143‐3p mimic and miR‐143‐3p inhibitor was subsequently conducted. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) mRNA levels were then evaluated by RT‐qPCR. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANK ligand (RANKL), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 protein levels and the extent of NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation were examined by western blot analysis. Alizarin red staining was performed to assess the mineralization of hDPSCs. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were determined using flow cytometry. During odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSC, miR‐143‐3p had high expression, but RANK expression was low. miR‐143‐3p was found to target RANK, and its inhibition enhanced mineralization and hDPSC apoptosis, while blocking cell cycle entry. At the same time, miR‐143‐3p inhibition elevated the extent of NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation, as well as the expression of RANK, RANKL, DSPP, BSP, ALP, OCN and OPN, while decreasing the OPG level. Silencing RANK had opposite effects on these markers. miR‐143‐3p regulates odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs via the OPG–RANKL pathway that targets RANK. The elucidation of the mechanisms of odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs may contribute to the development of effective dental pulp repair therapies for the clinical setting.
Sensorimotor adaptation across the speech production workspace in response to a palatal perturbation
Authors: Barbier Guillaume , Baum Shari R. , Ménard Lucie , Shiller Douglas M.
Published: February 2020

Talkers have been shown to adapt the production of multiple vowel sounds simultaneously in response to altered auditory feedback. The present study extends this work by exploring the adaptation of speech production to a physical alteration of the vocal tract involving a palatal prosthesis that impacts both somatosensory and auditory feedback during the production of a range of consonants and vowels. Acoustic and kinematic measures of the tongue were used to examine the impact of the physical perturbation across the various speech sounds, and to assess learned changes following 20 min of speech practice involving the production of complex, variable sentences. As in prior studies, acoustic analyses showed perturbation and adaptation effects primarily for sounds directly involving interaction with the palate. Analyses of tongue kinematics, however, revealed systematic, robust effects of the perturbation and subsequent motor learning across the full range of speech sounds. The results indicate that speakers are able to reconfigure oral motor patterns during the production of multiple speech sounds spanning the articulatory workspace following a physical alteration of the vocal tract.
Affective Feelings and Perceived Exertion During a 10-km Time Trial and Head-to-Head Running Race
Authors: do Carmo Everton C. , Barroso Renato , Renfree Andrew , da Silva Natalia R. , Gil Saulo , Tricoli Valmor
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To verify the affective feelings (AFs) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses during a 10-km competitive head-to-head (HTH) running race and compare them with a time-trial (TT) running race. Methods: Fourteen male runners completed 2 × 10-km runs (TT and HTH) on different days. Speed, RPE, and AF were measured every 400 m. For pacing analysis, races were divided into the following 4 stages: first 400 m (F400), 401–5000 m (M1), 5001–9600 m (M2), and the last 400 m (final sprint). Results: Improvement of performance was observed (39:32 [02:41] min:s vs 40:28 [02:55] min:s; P = .03; effect size = −0.32) in HTH compared with TT. There were no differences in either pacing strategy or RPE between conditions. AFs were higher during the HTH, being different in M2 compared with TT (2.09 [1.81] vs 0.22 [2.25]; P = .02; effect size = 0.84). Conclusions: AFs are directly influenced by the presence of opponents during an HTH race, and a more positive AF could be involved in the dissociation between RPE and running speed and, consequently, the overall race performance.
Sports Participation and Health Care Costs in Older Adults Aged 50 Years or Older
Authors: Codogno Jamile S. , Monteiro Henrique L. , Turi-Lynch Bruna C. , Fernandes Romulo A. , Pokhrel Subhash , Anokye Nana
Published: February 2020

The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between sports participation and health care costs in older adults. The sample was composed of 556 participants (145 men and 411 women) who were followed from 2010 to 2014. The engagement in sports considered three different components (intensity, volume, and previous time). Health care costs were assessed annually through medical records. Structural equation modeling (longitudinal relationship between sport and costs) and analysis of variance for repeated measures (comparisons over time) were used. Health care costs increased significantly from 2010 to 2014 (analysis of variance; p value = .001). Higher baseline scores for intensity were related to lower health care costs (r = −.223, 95% confidence interval [−.404, −.042]). Similar results were found to volume (r = −.216, 95% confidence interval [−.396, −.036]) and time of engagement (r = −.218, 95% confidence interval [−.402, −.034]). In conclusion, higher sports participation is related to lower health care costs in older adults.
GLP-1 receptor agonists synergize with DYRK1A inhibitors to potentiate functional human β cell regeneration
Authors: Ackeifi Courtney , Wang Peng , Karakose Esra , Manning Fox Jocelyn E. , González Bryan J. , Liu Hongtao , Wilson Jessica , Swartz Ethan , Berrouet Cecilia , Li Yansui , Kumar Kunal , MacDonald Patrick E. , Sanchez Roberto , Thorens Bernard , DeVita Robert , Homann Dirk , Egli Dieter , Scott Donald K. , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo , Stewart Andrew F.
Published: February 2020

GLP-1 receptor agonists, widely used to treat diabetes, are converted to human β cell regenerative drugs by adding a DYRK1A inhibitor.
Bilirubin enhances the activity of ASIC channels to exacerbate neurotoxicity in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in mice
Authors: Lai Ke , Song Xing-Lei , Shi Hao-Song , Qi Xin , Li Chun-Yan , Fang Jia , Wang Fan , Maximyuk Oleksandr , Krishtal Oleg , Xu Tian-Le , Li Xiao-Yan , Ni Kun , Li Wan-Peng , Shi Hai-Bo , Wang Lu-Yang , Yin Shan-Kai
Published: February 2020

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia aggravates acidosis-dependent long-term brain injury.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain LD120, Isolated from the Marine Alga
Saccharina latissima
Authors: Heiman Clara Margot , Wiese Jutta , Kupferschmied Peter , Maurhofer Monika , Keel Christoph , Vacheron Jordan
Published: February 2020

We report the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. strain LD120, which was isolated from a brown macroalga in the Baltic Sea. The genome of this marine
Pseudomonas protegens
subgroup bacterium harbors biosynthetic gene clusters for toxic metabolites typically produced by members of this
Pseudomonas
subgroup, including 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyoluteorin, and rhizoxin analogs.
Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii on seed germination and growth of Sulla coronaria
Authors: Hachani Chadlia , Lamhamedi Mohammed S. , Abassi Mejda , Béjaoui Zoubeir
Published: February 2020

Biodiversity has been confronted with anthropogenic threats and several natural threats such as biological invasions. The success of these invasions involves phytotoxic products released by invasive plants that can exhibit allelopathic effects on target species. Thus, aqueous extracts from different parts of the Mediterranean yellow star-thistle [Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler], were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Sulla coronaria (L.). Bioassays were conducted in vitro to test the effects of the aqueous extracts of shoot, basal and root parts of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii at two different concentrations (50 g·L−1 and 10 g·L−1). The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins of the extracts were also evaluated. Our results showed inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of S. coronaria seedlings, particularly with the extract form the basal part, reaching 84%. This study confirms the linear relationships between the allelopathic effects of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii and the polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, further experiments are needed under field conditions to confirm the results obtained under laboratory conditions.
Does variable epigenetic inheritance fuel plant evolution?
Authors: Minow Mark A.A. , Colasanti Joseph
Published: February 2020

Epigenetic changes influence gene expression and contribute to the modulation of biological processes in response to the environment. Transgenerational epigenetic changes in gene expression have been described in many eukaryotes. However, plants appear to have a stronger propensity for inheriting novel epialleles. This mini-review discusses how plant traits, such as meristematic growth, totipotency, and incomplete epigenetic erasure in gametes promote epiallele inheritance. Additionally, we highlight how plant biology may be inherently tailored to reap the benefits of epigenetic metastability. Importantly, environmentally triggered small RNA expression and subsequent epigenetic changes may allow immobile plants to adapt themselves, and possibly their progeny, to thrive in local environments. The change of epigenetic states through the passage of generations has ramifications for evolution in the natural and agricultural world. In populations containing little genetic diversity, such as elite crop germplasm or habitually self-reproducing species, epigenetics may provide an important source of heritable phenotypic variation. Basic understanding of the processes that direct epigenetic shifts in the genome may allow for breeding or bioengineering for improved plant traits that do not require changes to DNA sequence.
Baboon bearing resemblance in pigmentation pattern to Siamese cat carries a missense mutation in the tyrosinase gene
Authors: Koga Akihiko , Hisakawa Chiemi , Yoshizawa Miki
Published: February 2020

An infant hamadryas baboon exhibiting an albino phenotype—white body hair and red eyes—was born to parents with wild-type body color. Pigmentation on some parts of its body surfaced during childhood and progressed with age. This baboon in adulthood has gray hair on parts of its body, such as the tail, distal portion of the legs, and face, with the remainder being white. This pigmentation pattern resembles that of the Siamese cat and the Himalayan variants of the mouse and the mink. The distinguishing phenotypes in these animals are known to be caused by a temperature-sensitive activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme essential for biosynthesis of melanin. We sequenced all the five exons of the tyrosinase (TYR) gene of this albino baboon, which were amplified by PCR, and found a base substitution leading to alteration of the 365th amino acid from Ala to Thr. Tyrosinase requires copper as a cofactor for its enzyme function. It has two copper-binding sites, the second of which contains His residues in positions 363 and 367 that are critical to its function. Thus, p.(Ala365Thr) due to a mutation in the TYR gene is a likely candidate for the cause of the albino phenotype in this baboon.
Classification of first order sesquilinear forms
Authors: Capoferri Matteo , Saveliev Nikolai , Vassiliev Dmitri
Published: February 2020

A natural way to obtain a system of partial differential equations on a manifold is to vary a suitably defined sesquilinear form. The sesquilinear forms we study are Hermitian forms acting on sections of the trivial [Formula: see text]-bundle over a smooth [Formula: see text]-dimensional manifold without boundary. More specifically, we are concerned with first order sesquilinear forms, namely, those generating first order systems. Our goal is to classify such forms up to [Formula: see text] gauge equivalence. We achieve this classification in the special case of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by means of geometric and topological invariants (e.g., Lorentzian metric, spin/spinc structure, electromagnetic covector potential) naturally contained within the sesquilinear form — a purely analytic object. Essential to our approach is the interplay of techniques from analysis, geometry, and topology.
SOCIO-POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF INTERDEPENDENT REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS: AN EMPIRICAL APPLICATION
Authors: PARK INNWON , PARK SOONCHAN
Published: February 2020

Probability of forming regional trade agreements (RTAs) will be greater if two countries are closer in geographical distance. This paper extends the meaning of ‘closer’ by considering not only the geographical distance, but also the socio-political distance as well. This paper empirically analyzes whether a causal relation exists between the socio-political factors−the cultural affinity measured by common language, same religion, and a newly introduced composite index of cultural distance and political ties measured by the existence of a military alliance and the level of democracy–and the likelihood that RTAs will form. For such quantitative analysis, this paper applies the estimation techniques of a qualitative choice model (pooled Probit model with cluster-robust standard errors) to the panel data, which covers bilateral country-pairs among 66 countries between 1998 and 2009. In addition, the interdependence of the formation of RTA is also investigated by considering the third country effects. For a feasibility study, we estimate the probability of forming the proposed RTAs in the East Asian region as an empirical application. We find that the formation of RTAs has been strongly and significantly driven by the reduced cultural distance between members and influenced by the interdependence with third countries. Unlike the existing studies, however, the conventional socio-political determinants (religious similarity, military alliance, and democracy) do not significantly matter for the formation of interdependent RTAs. From the feasibility test for proposed RTAs in East Asia, we argue that building closer cultural linkages between countries in the region are prerequisite to realize the formation of the proposed RTAs such as the China-Japan (CJ), the Japan-Korea (JK), the China-Japan-Korea (CJK), the ASEAN[Formula: see text]3 (10 Association of SouthEast Asian Nations, China, Japan, and Korea), and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).
A Novel Topology for Bidirectional Converter with High Buck Boost Gain
Authors: Saravanan S. , Karunanithi K. , Pragaspathy S.
Published: February 2020

In non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters (NIBIDC), voltage output of buck/boost mode is incongruous at lower and higher end due to the existing gain. In this paper, a novel NIBIDC is designed in such a way that it enhances the gain in both buck and boost mode of operation. The proposed NIBIDC is employed with four power switches (MOSFET) with an anti-parallel diode embodied, four inductors and three capacitors used as passive elements. The current flow in parallel connected inductor improves the circuit competence. Voltage gain of NIBIDC in buck operation is lower than conventional cascaded bidirectional buck/boost converter (CCBBC) whereas the voltage gain is higher than CCBBC in boost mode. The switching stress is same while the efficiency of NIBIDC is more than CCBBC. The topology structure of the NIBIDC is simple and easy to control. The performance analysis under steady-state condition of the novel converter is carried out and a detailed comparison with CCBBC is done in connection to switching stress, converter efficiency and duty ratios to output power, etc. The operation details for proposed NIBIDC in both mode is verified/validated by experimenting with 20[Formula: see text]V input for different duty ratios in charging and discharging state of a battery and the results infer to be identical with theoretical analysis.
EFFECTIVE ASYMPTOTICS ANALYSIS FOR FINANCE
Authors: GRUNSPAN CYRIL , VAN DER HOEVEN JORIS
Published: February 2020

It is known that an adaptation of Newton’s method allows for the computation of functional inverses of formal power series. We show that it is possible to successfully use a similar algorithm in a fairly general analytical framework. This is well suited for functions that are highly tangent to identity and that can be expanded with respect to asymptotic scales of “exp-log functions”. We next apply our algorithm to various well-known functions coming from the world of quantitative finance. In particular, we deduce asymptotic expansions for the inverses of the Gaussian and the Black–Scholes pricing functions.
Effects of nonideal features of silicon photomultiplier on the measurements of quantum correlations
Authors: Chesi Giovanni , Allevi Alessia , Bondani Maria
Published: February 2020

We analyze the effects of some stochastic deviations from the ideal response in silicon photomultipliers that prove to be detrimental for the measurement of quantum properties of light. We demonstrate that an optimized operation mode can overcome some limitations of the detectors allowing the characterization of entanglement in mesoscopic twin-beam states.