bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTION IN MINKS
Authors: Pyatnychko O. , Stetsko T. , Shkodyak N. , Ostrovska L. , Maksymovych O.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the multicomponent drug Nifulin (powder for oral administration) in the treatment of acute gastrointestinal infection in minks. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) of the drug are metronidazole, furazolidone and oxytetracycline hydrochloride. The researches were conducted on 135 minks of standard dark brown breed at the age of 4–5 months with acute gastrointestinal infection. To isolate and identify pathogens from sick minks with intestinal infection, samples of feces were taken, and from animal’s corpses – samples of parenchymal organs. On the basis of clinical signs of the disease and results of bacteriological researches of biomaterial, a diagnosis – salmonellosis has been put. The test for the sensitivity of bacteria-isolates to oxytetracycline showed a high degree of sensitivity of isolated strains of Salmonella to this antibiotic.

Nifulin was administered orally at a dose of 0,3g/kg body weight with food three times a day for 3 days. For laboratory tests blood sampling was performed from 10 animals before treatment and on the 10th day from the latest application of the drug.

Morphological studies of blood samples of sick minks before treatment established a significant increase in the number of leukocytes, and in leukoformula – an increased relative number of rod-nucleated neutrophils and lymphocytes, a decreased number of segmentonuclear neutrophils. Biochemical studies of blood serum revealed a decrease in total protein content, increased transaminase enzyme activity and increased urea and creatinine content, compared with physiological norms.

On the 10th day after antibiotic therapy hematological studies established a reliable decrease in the relative number of leukocytes by 65,4%, in the number of rod-nucleated neutrophils by 1,3 times and in the number of lymphocytes by 1,9 times, an increase in the number of segmentonuclear neutrophils by 1,4 times. The results of biochemical tests of mink’s serum blood indicated a reliable increase in the total protein content by 18% and increased ALT and AST enzyme activity, compared with the physiological values. The increase in serum AST activity in 1.8 times was noted, that can be explained, as a consequence of the disease, and the influence of antibiotics on the mink’s liver functional state. In this case, a decrease in urea content in 1.3 times and creatinine content – in 1.5 times was determined, the values of these indicators were normalized, indicating the restoration of the physiological state of the mink’s kidneys.

As a result of the treatment of minks the clinical signs of the disease were gradually disappeared: diarrhea stopped, body temperature and respiratory frequency normalized, general condition has improved. In most animals (130 goals) clinical recovery came. During the application of Nifulin manifestations of adverse reactions or negative effects in the experimental minks were not observed.
USE OF BACILLUS PUMILUS FOR PREVENTION OF KETOSIS IN COWS
Authors: Fotina T. I. , Shkromada O. I. , Fotina H. A. , Nechyporenko O. L. , Petrov R. V. , Shulha A. R. , Marchenkov F.S.
Published: January 2022

The paper considers the effectiveness of Bacillus pumilus (109 CFU / g) for dairy cows for the treatment and prevention of ketosis. The causes of ketosis in the farm were also studied. The research was conducted in LTD "Agrofirma Lan", v. Kindrativka, Sumy district, Sumy region. Healthy and ill on ketosis cows were used for the experiment. The total number of experimental animals was 15 heads. Animals with ketosis received compound feed with the addition of Bacillus pumilus (109 CFU / g) at a dose of 15-35 g per animal. Healthy cows in the control group had a normal diet for their production group. The studies were performed for 30 days. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanism of acetonemia in farm animals and to determine the effectiveness of Bacillus pumilus (109 CFU / g) in ketosis of dairy cows. During the study it was found that cows at different times of the year productivity was largely related to the way they were kept. Thus, in the warm season, cows with an average daily milk yield of more than 35 kg and younger cows of the first lactation had better clinical indicators compared to other animals. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the level of urea and urea nitrogen in the cows of the experimental group before treatment was 77.8 % higher than in healthy animals in the control. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at the beginning of the study in cows with ketosis was 78.8 % higher than in healthy animals. An increase in the level of this metabolite in the blood indicates liver damage and increases and decreases simultaneously with urea and β-ketones in the blood of sick animals. In addition, serum protein levels, including globulins and albumins, in experimental and control cows were within the reference value for cows throughout the experimental period. Feeding cows that ill on ketosis Bacillus pumilus (109 CFU / g) at a dose of 35 g per animal helps to reduce serum β-ketones and return to physiological norm. The use of probiotic strain Bacillus pumilus does not cause toxic effects on organs and systems of the body. Contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes in the body.
MARKET ANALYSIS OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL VETERINARY PREPARATIONS IN UKRAINE AND THE EFFICACY OF INACTIVATED VACCINES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE
Authors: Chehrynets A. I. , Krasinko V. O.
Published: January 2022

The article presents a range analysis of the registered immunobiological preparations on

Ukrainian market with a emphasis on inactivated vaccines against Newcastle Disease in poultry, as well as the results of comparative immunogenic efficacy evaluation of inactivated vaccines of domestic manufacturer Biotestlab Ltd and products of importer manufacturer.

According to the List of Veterinary Immunobiological Preparations, 594 veterinary immunobiological preparations are registered in Ukraine as at October 5, 2020 where 84 of them are live and inactivated vaccines against Newcastle Disease in poultry. These vaccines are mono- and polyvalent and represent 14.1 % of the total number of immunobiological preparations. Inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease are represented by 35 preparations, which is 5.9 % of total quantity and where 23 % are monovalent and 77 % are polyvalent - in which a component against Newcastle disease are one of the valent.

According to the results of comparative studies of mono- and polyvalent vaccines against Newcastle disease of domestic manufacturer «Biotestlab» Ltd and vaccines of the importers was found that all studied drugs are immunogenic and provide protection of poultry sector against Newcastle disease.
DOXYCYCLINE DETERMINATION IN ANIMAL TISSUES AND BLOOD PLASMA SAMPLES USING SCREENING AND CONFIRMATORY METHODS
Authors: Yanovych D. , Zasadna Z. , Rydchuk M. , Plotycya S. , Kislova S. , Pazderska O. , Ivach S.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of validation of sample preparation method for muscle and parenchymal tissues of animals for further determination of doxycycline residual amounts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Oxytetracycline ELISA test kits from EuroProxima (Netherlands), initially developed for the analysis of other target matrices, viz. honey and shrimp. The results of modification of shrimp sample preparation method for the analysis of muscle and parenchymal tissue samples are showed. In accordance with the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, the proposed method was validated taking into account the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of doxycycline in tissues of productive animals: 100 μg/kg for muscle tissue and 300 μg/kg for liver. The suitability of the technique was confirmed on the basis of the established main validation parameters for screening methods (technical threshold and cut-off factor) using control (pure) and spiked with standard doxycycline solution at the level of ½MRL samples of muscle and parenchymal tissues of broiler chickens by means of “added – found” criterion. It was discovered that this approach to sample preparation makes it possible to determine doxycycline residues in poultry tissues at the level of 5-10 μg/kg with the absolute recovery about 54 %. The main advantages of the developed technique are simplicity of performance, rapidity and cost-effectiveness.

The reliability of the results obtained by the screening method was verified using confirmatory UPLC-MS/MS method, viz. a comparative study of blank and spiked samples of muscle and parenchymal tissues of broiler chickens. The method of sample preparation of the studied specimens, the conditions of analysis carrying out, and the main validation parameters of the confirmatory method are also presented. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the developed screening method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is suitable for the determination of doxycycline residual amounts in muscle and parenchymal tissues samples, and it is possible to use it for routine laboratory tests, as well as for the establishment of withdrawal periods of veterinary drugs based on doxycycline from the tissues of productive animals. Also using the same test kit, the sample preparation method for blood plasma samples for doxycycline content assay (at the levels of μg/ml) was suggested to study the bioequivalence of veterinary drugs containing doxycycline as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, which was as well confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS.
Spirometry for the diagnosis of airway obstruction in patients with risk factors for COPD: the GOLD and lower limit of normal criteria
Authors: Grafino1 Monica , Todo-Bom1 Filipa , Lutas1 Ana Cristina , Cabral2 Jorge , Pereira1 Marco , Valença1 João , Tello Furtado Sofia
Published: January 2022

Objective: The identification of persistent airway obstruction is key to making a diagnosis of COPD. The GOLD guidelines suggest a fixed criterion-a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%-to define obstruction, although other guidelines suggest that a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < the lower limit of normal (LLN) is the most accurate criterion. Methods: This was an observational study of individuals = 40 years of age with risk factors for COPD who were referred to our pulmonary function laboratory for spirometry. Respiratory symptoms were also recorded. We calculated the prevalence of airway obstruction and of no airway obstruction, according to the GOLD criterion (GOLD+ and GOLD-, respectively) and according to the LLN criterion (LLN+ and LLN-, respectively). We also evaluated the level of agreement between the two criteria. Results: A total of 241 individuals were included. Airway obstruction was identified according to the GOLD criterion in 42 individuals (17.4%) and according to the LLN criterion in 23 (9.5%). The overall level of agreement between the two criteria was good (? = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52-0.81), although it was lower among the individuals = 70 years of age (? = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.12-0.72). The proportion of obese individuals was lower in the GOLD+/LLN+ category than in the GOLD+/LLN- category (p = 0.03), as was the median DLCO (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The use of the GOLD criterion appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of COPD. The agreement between the GOLD and LLN criteria also appears to be good, albeit weaker in older individuals. The use of different criteria to define airway obstruction seems to identify individuals with different characteristics. It is essential to understand the clinical meaning of discordance between such criteria. Until more data are available, we recommend a holistic, individualized approach to, as well as close follow-up of, patients with discordant results for airway obstruction.
Transition from APAP to CPAP may be a cost-effective health intervention in OSA patients
Authors: Alves1 Adelaide , Rita Gigante1 Ana , Machado1 Daniela , Sanches1 Inês , Marçoa1 Raquel , Franco1 Inês , Monteiro1 Regina , Nogueira1 Carla , Ferreira1 Daniela
Published: January 2022

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with a significant economic burden. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) are recognized therapeutic options in patients with OSA, although treatment costs are higher with APAP. We conducted a study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and potential cost savings resulting from the implementation of a protocol guiding the transition to CPAP in OSA patients previously treated with APAP. Methods: This prospective study included patients with OSA under APAP who were followed up at the Sleep Medicine outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral hospital between January 2019 and January 2021. Treatment was switched to CPAP in patients who met the following criteria: satisfactory adaptation and adherence to APAP, residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of < 5/hour, and no relevant air leaks. APAP and CPAP outcomes were compared and an estimate of the savings obtained by the transition from APAP to CPAP was calculated. Results: Ninety-three patients were included in the study. APAP and CPAP were both effective in correcting obstructive events and improving daytime sleepiness. No significant differences were found regarding treatment adherence and tolerance between both PAP modalities. The selection of fixed-pressure CPAP through 90th or 95th percentile APAP pressure proved to be effective and an alternative strategy to titration polysomnography. At the end of this two-year study, the transition from APAP to CPAP enabled savings of at least 10,353?. Conclusion: The transition from APAP to CPAP may be an effective, well-tolerated, safe, and cost-saving strategy in patients with OSA.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D level in Restless Legs Syndrome: A controlled study
Authors: Çiftçi Betül , Saraçgil Coşar Sacide Nur , Uzunkulaoğlu Aslıhan
Published: January 2022

Objective: We aimed to investigate 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level on a group of restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients.
Material and Methods: Twenty-one RLS patients and fourteen age and gender healthy controls (non RLS) with similar age and gender were included in the study. All patients underwent a physical examination for the neurologic and musculoskeletal system. The 25-OHD level was measured for all participants.  
Results: The 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were higher in the RLS patient group (20.06±8.79 ng/ml) than in the healthy control group (14.75±4.67 ng/ml). In the healthy control group ‘’without the RLS syndrome’’, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were below the normal range (<20 ng/ml). However, there were no statistical differences in terms of vitamin D level between the RLS and Control groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, due to the absence of RLS syndrome in the control group despite low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (<20 ng/ml), a relationship could not be established between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and RLS syndrome. The cause of RLS syndrome does not seem to depend on a single parameter such as 25-OHD level.
Comparison of Low – Versus Medium-Pressure Shunts in Pediatric Hydrocephalus – A Study of the Children Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Awais Mian , Muner Akhtar , -Rehman Laeeq-ur , Hussain Akmal , Ullah Ihsan , Ijaz Lubna
Published: January 2022

Objective:  This prospective cross-sectional study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of low-pressure vs. medium-pressure shunts in children with hydrocephalus.

Material and Methods: 52 children with different types of hydrocephalus were admitted through OPD and Surgical emergency at The Children Hospital, Lahore. All Children were gone through Ultrasonography and CT Brain plain after admission. The pediatric hydrocephalus was resolved into two groups. All patients treated with Chhabra differential pressure VP (ventriculoperitoneal) shunt in either low pressure or medium pressure. CT scans were used to assess the postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes to monitor the ventricle hemispheric ratio (VHR).

Results:  A low-pressure shunt was implanted in 26 individuals, whereas a medium-pressure shunt was implanted in 26 individuals. Patients varied in age from one day to thirteen years old. In group A, the average VHR was 57.58% preoperatively, but it dropped to 42.88% after surgery. Similarly, in group B, the pre-and postoperative VHR was 59.35% and 42.81%, respectively, which was statistically significant. In both groups, the incidence of shunt complications and redo shunt operation were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:  In this study, individuals with pediatric hydrocephalus who had a low-pressure shunt or a medium-pressure shunt had similar outcomes.
First local Case Report of a Holocord Pilocytic Astrocytoma – An Uncommon Entity with Management Challenges
Authors: Arshad Ayesha , Hanif Sheheryar , Yusuf Irfan , Hussain Kamran
Published: January 2022

Holocord tumors are defined as “Intramedullary spinal tumor extending through the spinal cord with extension from cervicomedullary junction to the conus.” They are uncommon tumors having variable presentation and histology.1,2 Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a slow-growing tumor, mostly benign. It is the diagnosis in 5% to 6% of all intracranial gliomas.3 It is the most common tumor in childhood occurring rarely in the adult population.4 To date, 25 cases of holocord astrocytoma have been reported, of these, 4 were adults and 21 were children. The management of this unusual disease is challenging and debatable.1,5 In this case report, we are describing a case of 14 years old male with holocord grade 1 pilocytic astrocytoma along with its clinical management. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first case of a holocord astrocytoma reported in the country.
Surgical Outcome of Adolescents and Young Children with Tethered Cord Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Ayaz , Ali Noman Muhammad , Mukhtar Muhammad , Khan Imran , Mushtaq Muhammad , Ayub Shahid
Published: January 2022

Objective:  In Spinal dysraphism, neural tube defect is one of the leading causes of congenital central nervous system disorders and contributes to a high proportion of disability and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of the detethering of tethered cord syndrome.

Materials & Methods:  The study was conducted at the Neurosurgery Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. A total of 110 patients were included in our study. Clinical examination was recorded for back swelling, dermal stigmata, scars, lower limb neurological function, sensory deficits, reflexes. Also, look for any deformities like kyphoscoliosis or limb deformities and the presence/absence of neuropathic ulcers. Imaging studies were recorded for diagnosis, the level of spinal tethering, presence/absence of syrinx, and spine deformities. During the surgical operation, the diagnosis of the lesion was confirmed and the interventional procedure was recorded.

Results:  One hundred ten patients were admitted during the study period with 57 (52.2%) females and 53 (47.8%) males with a mean age of 9.3 years (SD ± 4.3). Most patients had presented with pain in lower limbs (60.9%) and backache was (34.8%). The most common operative complication was CSF leak in 29 patients (26.1%) while wound infection occurred in 14 (13%) cases.

Conclusion:  Tethered cord syndrome due to occult spinal dysraphism is a rare disease with significant neurologic consequences for the younger generation. Early clinical diagnosis and good surgical treatment could prevent the development of these complications.
Spinal Extraosseous Extradural Ewing’s Sarcoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sultan Kashif Ali , Mustafa Biah , Ashraf Mohammad , Farooq Minaam
Published: January 2022

Objective:  The objective of this systematic review was to state and analyze all the case reports published on extraskeletal extradural Ewing’s Sarcoma to date.

Material and Methods:  We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar using the following search term, including Boolean operators AND and OR. We only included published case reports and series about Ewing's Sarcoma that were Extra-skeletal and Extradural. We excluded the intradural EWS cases and those that did not have both components, i.e. extraskeletal and extradural. Conference articles, commentaries, and unpublished articles were also not included. A PRISMA flowchart was also formed.

Results:  After the first case of EES in 1969, around 40 case reports and series have been reported, which sheds light on the rarity of this disease. Age of presentation varies from as early as two months, with the oldest report being 49 years of age, and most cases presenting in adolescents and young adults. Spinal Epidural extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma has been more frequently reported in males. The level of occurrence of the tumor also varies among cases, with cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions being more frequently affected than sacral regions.

Conclusion:  Extraskeletal extradural ES is an exceedingly rare anomaly. Multicentric collaborative work is the need of the hour for such orphan illnesses, to optimize treatment paradigms as a single-center is exceedingly unlikely to amass cases.
Ideological Polarization as a Deception Strategy in the Discourse of American Think Tanks: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors:   M. A. candidate, Lafta Ali Hamzah , . Mustafa Sabah S. ,   University of Baghdad - College of Languages – Department of English Language
Published: January 2022

Deception is an inseparable facet of political discourse in attaining strategic political gains though compromising public opinion. However, the employment of discursive deception strategies by the policy-making institutions of think tanks has not received due attention in the literature. The current study aims at exploring how the ideologizing deception strategies are utilized by the conservative American think tank of the Washington Institute to reproduce socio-political realities and re-shape public opinion. To fulfill this task, van Dijk’s (2000) notion of ideological polarization which shows positive self-representation and negative other representation is adopted to conduct a critical discourse analysis of four Arabic texts released with the main focus on four different political topics. Results reveal the centrality of employing deception strategies for the sake of realizing political wins for establishing an ideological hegemony while simultaneously polarizing an Us against Them extreme.
The concept of reproach in the Poetry of Necati Cumalı Necati Cumali'nin Şiirlerinde Sitem Anlayişi
Authors:   University of Baghdad, College of Languages, Department of Turkish Language, Baghdad, Iraq., Hussein Hazim Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Necati Cumalı, the Turkish writer and poet, was born on the 13th of January 1921. The Origin of his name coincides with the same Friday where an airplane crush accident happened inside the borders of Greece where he used to live. He was one of the 20th century most prominent writers whose fame lasted for 80 years until his death on the 10th of January 2002. Although Necati Cumalı worked in various literary fields such as short stories, novel, drama, and critical analysis, he was often known as a poet. His poetry celebrates highly elevated emotions to love and nature in unique lifestyle that displays his delightful diction. The present study discusses Reproach as the main concept mirrored in his poetry. Necati Cumalı’s poetry expresses woes of love and a yearning to freedom in an unflinching style that shows no fear or reluctance. Such poetic traits are crystal clear in the extracts adopted in the present study. Hence, the study discusses the literary as well as the personal life of the poet Necati Cumalı shedding lights on his protuberant literary career. The study is divided into an introduction that discusses the most important stages of the poet’s life. The discussion debates his procedural creed associated with closely related extracts. ÖZET Necati CUMALI, Türk yazar ve şair. 13 Ocak 1921 tarihinde, Yunanistan sınırları içerisinde kalan Cuma kazasında doğdu. Soyadının kaynağı buradan gelmektedir. 20. Yüzyılın en özgün, en kıymetli yazarlarındandır. 10 Ocak 2001 yılında vefatına kadar, 80 yıllık yaşamına birçok hatırı sayılır eser sığdırmıştır. Necati CUMALI, her ne kadar öykü, roman, tiyatro, inceleme gibi çeşitli edebiyat sahalarında eserler verse de, biz onu daha çok şair kimliğiyle tanıyoruz. Şiirlerinde oldukça yoğun duygular barındıran, insanı hayrete düşüren bir üslupla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Aşkı ve doğayı oldukça yoğun bir şekilde şiirlerinde işlemiştir. Özgürlüğüne düşkün, bu sebepten dolayı serkeş denilebilecek bir yaşam tarzını benimsediği açıkça görülen Necati CUMALI, kendine has orijinal bir dil yapısını şiirlerinde başarılı bir şekilde sunmuştur. Tüm bu duygular içerisinde, çalışmamızın ana teması olan sitemi, şiirlerinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak görmekteyiz. Şiirlerinde en ufak bir aşk kırılmasında veya özgürlüğünün kısıtlanması durumunda, şiddetli bir sitem sezilmektedir. Şairler, duygularını gizleyemez çünkü şiire olan bağlılıkları, onları korkusuz yapar. Bu cesareti iliklerine kadar hisseden şair, yapacağımız alıntılarda da görüleceği üzere elinden geldiği kadar sitem etmiştir. Çalışmamıza bu kapsamlı özetle başlıyoruz. Ardından çalışmamızın öznesi olan Necati CUMALI'nın kısaca hayatı, edebi kişiliği ve eserlerine değindikten sonra kapsamlı bir sitem tanımı yapacağız. Konu bütünlüğü sağlanmış ve açık/anlaşılır bir girişten sonra, Necati CUMALI'nın şiirlerinde sitem anlayışını, ilgili referans kitabından hareketle, gereği kadar alıntılarla izah etmeye çalışacağız.
Investigating Adverbs' in Vatan yahut Silistre by Namik Kemal Namık Kemal'ın ''Vatan Yahut Silistre'' Başlıklı Tiyatrosu'nda Geçen Zarfların İncelenmesi
Authors:   University of Baghdad,College of Languages ,Department of Turkish Language, Baghdad, Iraq., Salman Wafaa Jabbar
Published: January 2022

It is a common Knowledge that adverbs in Turkish languages can modify verbs, adjectives, nouns or other adverbs. Moreover, adverbs can determine the meanings of nouns and verbs in a sentence as far as time, place, manner, quantity and interrogative are concerned. The present study debates adverbs’ functions in Namiq Kamal’s play Vatan yahut Silistre. The study sheds light on the author’s use of the adverbs to describe the required theatrical actions of the play and to convey his reflections and thoughts easily to the auidence. One of the main hindrances encountered in conducting the study is the shortage of the upto date academic resources necessary for the study. Özet: Bilindiği gibi Türkçede zarfların fonkisyonu cümlede fiil ve isimlerin anlamını tamamlamaktır. Zarflar cümlede fiilin işlevi durum, zaman, yer-yön, miktar ve soru bakımndan açıklamaktadır. Araştırmalar neticesinde Namık Kemal'ın "Vatan Yahut Silistere" tiyatrosunda geçen zarflar üzerine bir çalışma yapılmadığı için, bu konu çalışmaya uygun görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla çalışmamızda zarfların tespiti üzerinde durulacaktır. Yazar tiyatroda cereyan eden olayları anlatmak, okuyucuyu etkilemek, fikirlerini açık ve basit bir şekilde aktarmak ve cümlelerin anlamlarını tamamlamak için, farklı farklı zarflar kullanmıştır. Çalışmada karşılaştığım sorunlardan biri de konuyla ilgili yeni kaynakların bulunmamasıdır.
Edukasi dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Minuman Sumber Antioksidan Secara Online untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh Remaja
Authors: Arinda Putri Bella , Kushargina Rosyanne
Published: January 2022

Pandemi covid-19 hingga saat ini belum dapat ditangani. Salah satu cara mengurangi penularan virus ini yaitu dengan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh, dikarenakan karakter virus covid-19 yang menyerang system imunitas tubuh manusia. Antioksidan adalah zat yang berguna untuk meningkatkan sistem imunitas tubuh. Antioksidan terkandung pada bahan-bahan alami seperti rempah-rempah, buah dan sayur yang mengandung vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E dan zink. Tujuan dilakukannya pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk menyebarkan informasi mengenai antioksidan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai antioksidan sehingga tumbuh kesadaran akan pentingnya mengkonsumsi pangan sumber antioksidan pada remaja. Media edukasi yang digunakan adalah power point dan video edukasi. Adanya pandemi mengakibatkan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat hanya dapat dilakukan secara online. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai antioksidan pada remaja setelah dilakukan edukasi pada sasaran yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya persentase akurasi menjawab soal pre-testan post-test pada sasaran.
Chevron in the Circuit Courts
Authors: Barnett Kent , Walker Christopher
Published: January 2022

This Article presents findings from the most comprehensive empirical study to date on how the federal courts of appeals have applied Chevrondeference— the doctrine under which courts defer to a federal agency’s reasonable interpretation of an ambiguous statute that it administers. Based on 1,558 agency interpretations the circuit courts reviewed from 2003 through 2013 (where they cited Chevron), we found that the circuit courts overall upheld 71% of interpretations and applied Chevrondeference 77% of the time. But there was nearly a twenty-five-percentage-point difference in agency-win rates when the circuit courts applied Chevrondeference than when they did not. Among many other findings, our study reveals important differences across circuits, agencies, agency formats, and subject matters as to judicial review of agency statutory interpretations.

Based on prior empirical studies of judicial deference at the Supreme Court, however, our findings suggest that there may be a ChevronSupreme and a ChevronRegular: whereas Chevronmay not have much of an effect on agency outcomes at the Supreme Court, Chevron deference seems to matter in the circuit courts. That there is a ChevronSupreme and a ChevronRegular may suggest that, in Chevron, the Supreme Court has an effective tool to supervise lower courts’ review of agency statutory interpretations. To render Chevron more effective in creating uniformity throughout the circuit courts, the Supreme Court needs to send clearer signals on how courts should apply the deference standard.
PERBANDINGAN DUA PRODUK DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Suryapranatha Dicky
Published: January 2022

Digital Control System (DCS) is a very important tool for manufacturing companies that implement automation systems in their production processes, so companies must be careful when deciding to purchase DCS tools offered by vendors. This study aims to compare two Digital Control System (DCS) devices from international suppliers using temperature comparison variables, data processing speed and data transfer speed. After the data collected is tested for validity and reliability, then a T test is carried out to compare these variables and a direct comparison of the material specifications of the two tools is carried out. The results of the Benchmarking study are that there is a difference in the temperature and data processing speed variables between the two DCS devices, while for the data transfer rate variable there is no difference. This difference occurs because the data computing process is more and more data computing is needed, the temperature will increase and for data processing speed there is no difference because it uses the same technology. To improve the capabilities of the DCS tool, it is necessary to redesign for the controller, design panels and use the latest data transfer technology and data security systems in data transfer.
PENENTUAN KEBUTUHAN PERSEDIAAN OBAT GENERIK DENGAN METODE MATERIAL REQUIRMENT PLANING DAN MODEL OPTIMASI PADA LOGISTIK FARMASI DI RUMAH SAKIT DELIMA ASIH KARAWANG
Authors: Haddadde Aminah , Muhamad Sayuti  , Muhamad Sayuti  , Dicky Suryapranatha  , Karya Hidayat
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh manajemen logistik farmasi terhadap pengelolaan persediaan obat di rumah sakit untuk mengoptimalkan perencanaan dan persediaan obat di rumah sakit.. Salah satu strategi untuk memperolehnya adalah dengan merencanakan keputusan yang efisien mengenai kuantitas obat yang dipesan dan waktu pemesanan dapat mencapai total biaya seminimal mungkin dalam pengelolaan persediaan obat dan terpenuhinya permintaan obat dari pasien. Rumah sakit penting melakukan pengelolaan persediaan obat karena sifat obat pada penelitian ini yang sering digunakan maka persediaan harus terkontrol untuk menghindari kehabisan obat atau stockout. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Material Requirement Planning (MRP) untuk mengetahui permintaan persediaan obat generik model optimasi dengan Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) dan Analisis Sensitivitas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah manajemen logistik farmasi di RS delima asih karawang masih terjadi kekurangan obat sehingga pihak rumah sakit mengambil tindakan dalam pembelian obat secara urgensi ke pihak-3 dengan biaya lebih besar. Pengendalian persediaan obat di RS delima asih belum memenuhi kebutuhan persediaan obat dengan dilihat dari 10 obat generik yang diteliti dan 3 diantaranya mengalami kehabisan yaitu Ethambutol 500 Mg (-827 pcs), Pyrazinamide 500 Mg (-513 pcs), Simvastatin 20 Mg (-141 pcs), dan sisianya mengalami stagnan. Motode MRP dan model optimasi menjadi salah satu usulan dalam pengendalian persediaan dimana hasil dari peritungan keduanya telah memenuhi kebutuhan persediaan obat di RS delima asih karawang.
ANALISIS OPTIMALISASI MANAJEMEN PERSEDIAAN PADA BAHAN BAKU BIJIH PLASTIK (DI PT. NISSEN CHEMITEC INDONESIA)
Authors: Triana N. Neni , Muztaba Riza , Sayuti Muhamad , Hakim Afif
Published: January 2022

Material inventory as a very important thing for every company. Manufacturing companies generally have inventory to be able to provide the best service to customers. The purpose of this study is to try to achieve the minimum inventory levels possible, reduce storage costs, maximize material storage space for materials fast moving. The author uses ABC Analysis to determine the plastic ore material that is fast moving and is in class A. Then proceed with forecasting the needs of plastic ore raw materials for 2019. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method is used in this study after knowing the material in class A with a percentage value of 64.20% of material requirements and to determine the quantity of inventory orders that minimize the direct cost of storing inventory, ordering costs and optimizing the frequency of ordering materials. This research is useful for companies by minimizing direct costs of inventory storage, ordering costs and optimizing the frequency of ordering materials. PT. Nissen Chemitec Indonesia usually orders material in 1 year, 12 times material orders, which means that every month the company will order materials. In this analysis, forecasting of material needs is carried out for September 2019 to December 2019 because from the January to August period the company has purchased material. Material purchase with a lead time of 14 days for all types of material. Before using the EOQ method, the total inventory cost of raw materials is Rp. 2,286,376.58 and the company does not have a safety stock. If using the EOQ method the total inventory cost of raw materials is Rp. 812,009 with a frequency of ordering 1 time in 4 months period. The safety stock is 1,095 kg, and the reorder point is if the raw material is at the amount of 2,618 kg. This research is expected to minimize procurement costs and optimize the number of purchases that can be used at PT. Nissen Chemitec Indonesia so that all raw material procurement processes can be better for the company.
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF GAS HYDRATE COMPOUNDS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Vorozhtsova Yulia S. ,   ITMO University, Melent'ev Alexander V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology,   ITMO University, Uspensky Alexander A. ,   ITMO University, Kremnev Dmitry V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology,   ITMO University, Radin Mikhail A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Slobodov Alexander A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology,   ITMO University
Published: January 2022

The most stable forms (compositions) and thermodynamic characteristics of gas hydrates СН4•6Н2О, С2Н6•8Н2О, С3Н8•17Н2О, i-С4Н10•17Н2О, СO2•6Н2О, O2•6Н2О, H2S•6Н2О, N2•6Н2О, Ar•6Н2О were defined based on the analysis of literature data and own research on the composition and thermodynamic properties of gas hydrate compounds. Correlation dependences of thermodynamic characteristics of gas hydrates depending on the composition were graphed. All the main thermodynamic characteristics of gas hydrates – standard enthalpies and Gibbs energies of formation, standard entropies, temperature dependences of isobaric heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy of dissociation (formation) of gas hydrates into hydrate-forming gas and water (ice) – were determined based on the results of the examination, assessment, calculation and data agreement
INCREASING THE HEAT RESISTANCE OF CARBON FIBER ADSORBENTS BY INTERCALATION BN AND Р2О5
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Samonin Vyacheslav V. , Fedorov Yurij S. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Spiridonova Elena A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Podvyaznikov Mikhail L. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Khrylova Elena D. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Yakovleva Elena V. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology
Published: January 2022

The possibility of increasing the thermal stability of carbon-fiber adsorbents by intercalation with BN and Р2О5 was investigated. The main sorption and electrophysical characteristics of carbon fiber materials and intercalated carbon fiber adsorbents based on them were studied. The possibility of increasing the thermal stability of a carbon fiber adsorbent with chromium and copper oxides deposited on the active surface by intercalating the carbon base with BN and P2O5 was shown
DISTRIBUTED EXTRACTION OF INFORMATION FROM LARGESCALE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors:   Cohent Center for Applied Computer Research, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, UK, Brucie James , Daniel Tessa ,   Cohent Center for Applied Computer Research, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, UK, Gaura Elena ,   Cohent Center for Applied Computer Research, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, UK, Halloran John ,   Cohent Center for Applied Computer Research, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, UK
Published: January 2022

The article discusses distributed information extraction from large-scale wireless sensor networks. The focus is on agentbased approaches to information retrieval, query-based systems and macro programming approaches are considered, and a research question is raised regarding the usefulness of network processing from an information point of view. Examples of developments are given, in which those that were used in practical placements are highlighted. Where possible, the architecture and the way the information is processed (centralized or distributed) are defined.
DIGITAL NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEMS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ABROAD
Authors:   Student, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Kononenko A.M.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the application of the face recognition system in the Russian Federation and abroad to ensure national security. The problems of using face recognition technology are highlighted, and recommendations are given for their solution, in particular in the field of legislative regulation, with a priority goal in the form of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens.
INVESTIGATION OF THE FEATURES OF BLOOD FLOW IN THE AREA OF BIFURCATION OF THE ARTERIES OF THE WILLIS CIRCLE WITH DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF ITS STRUCTURE
Authors:   Master's student of the Department of Applied Mathematics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Bushueva N.L. , Kozhemyakina E.V. ,   Master's Student of the Department of Higher Mathematics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Nikitin V.N. ,   Ph.D., Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Department of Computational Mathematics, Mechanics and Biomechanics
Published: January 2022

Willis circle is a highly variable anatomical complex. Although they do not impair brain perfusion due to the anastomotic system, anatomical variants can increase the risk of neurological diseases such as aneurysms, heart attacks or even mental illness or migraine. The paper attempts to establish the features of blood flow in the area of the branching of the vessels of Willis circle with different variants of its structure for the interpretation of morphological changes in the artery wall. To interpret the formation of intimate thickenings in the area of the branching of the vessels of Willis circle, two pipes connected into one were chosen by mathematical modeling in the ANSYS program, which allowed us to study the features of blood flow in the arteries of an adult.
Producción científica sobre Gamificación en educación universitaria en SCiELO entre 2017-2021: un estudio bibliométrico
Authors: Flores Abreu Marco Antonio
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: describir la producción científica sobre gamificación en el contexto universitario publicada en SciELO durante el periodo 2017-2021. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una investigación bibliométrica descriptiva enfocada en los indicadores de producción. Se establecieron descriptores para la búsqueda de documentos y procedimientos específicos para prevenir sesgos en las etapas de búsqueda y análisis. Se analizaron 46 artículos que cumplieron los criterios.  Resultados: Se observó la autoría múltiple como práctica habitual y se identificó México como el país con más revistas y junto a España registró la mayor cantidad de autores. Los estudios cuantitativos fueron más frecuentes, aunque se evidencia la tendencia creciente hacia la investigación cualitativa. El diseño cuantitativo más frecuente fue el no-experimental. La tendencia temática se orienta hacia el estudio de la efectividad de la gamificación. Conclusión: Se hace necesario incentivar el estudio de la gamificación en entornos universitarios en los países latinoamericanos, ya que existe muy poca producción al respecto. Se hacen algunas recomendaciones para universidades en las que se dictan carreras de programación de software y juegos.
Dynamics of Quranic Studies in Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Tyas Dewi Ayu Kusuma Ning
Published: January 2022

This study discusses the origin, change and continuity as well as the factors causing the study of the Qur'an at An-Nur Ngrukem Islamic Boarding School. It is qualitative research oriented towards literature study and oral history. The approach used is historical with heuristic methods, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of the study, namely the study of the Qur'an at the An-Nur Ngrukem Islamic boarding school from 1978 AD to 2018 AD, did not change much. At the beginning of the establishment of the An-Nur Ngrukem Islamic boarding school, there was only a study of tahsin (qir?'ah Ashim) and tahfid then a study of commentaries and other classical books such as the Madrasah Diniyah Al-Furqon. The teaching system, facilities and infrastructure developed and the An-Nur Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) institution was established which was devoted to the children of the Ngrukem hamlet and its surroundings using the yanbu'a method. And the pioneering of qir?'ah sab'ah guidance for students who have memorized 30 juz. This was followed by the establishment of educational institutions to support the formal education of the students.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Separation Process of Ethanol from Ethanol Water Mixture by Using Surfactants
Authors: Anil Ramchandra Acharya , R. Kadam  , A. T. Pise
Published: January 2022

Here the investigations are done while distillation of ethanol-water mixture for separating ethanol from fermentation process. Focus is to study reduction in time required and hence saving in energy for the distillation process of ethanol-water mixture under the influence of surface-active agents (Surfactants). This novelty is from observation of these surfactants to enhance heat transfer rate because of surface tension reduction in aqueous solutions. SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate), NH4Cl (Ammonium Chloride) and SLBS (Sodium lauryl benzene sulphonate) surfactants in different concentration are experimented. The concentration of these surfactant is varied from 1700 ppm to 2800 ppm. This range is decided by observing critical micelle concentration of used surfactants. Results showed that time is reduced and hence energy consumption is also reduced. Results shown by NH4Cl are found to be more useful as it is ecofriendly surfactant which is not affecting ethanol-water mixture. Use of ammonium chloride as surfactant in distillation is actually useful to reduce energy without hampering the quality of process is the novelty of this work.
Community-Based Service-Learning in Language Education: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Baker Lottie
Published: January 2022

Community-based service-learning (CBSL) is increasingly utilized in the second language (L2) education field as a strategy for learners to interact with target language communities. Accompanying the growth of CBSL in L2 is the need to examine and critique research and practice. This systematic literature review describes CBSL research in higher education L2 settings to understand program implementation, associated outcomes, and lessons learned. The review represents 69 articles published between 1997 and 2017. Trends in CBSL reveal a variety of CBSL experiences for L2 learners, with most programs representing a U.S. Spanish language context. Students stepped out of university classrooms to tutor children at elementary schools, to interact with immigrant adults at community centers, and to contribute to professional agencies using languages for specific purposes. Thirty-nine of the articles were empirical studies with outcomes that addressed L2 learners’ gains in linguistic proficiency, cultural understanding, motivation and interests related to language learning, and/or civic engagement. Overall, the literature review demonstrated positive associations between CBSL and student outcomes in L2 education. In an era of a growing number of CBSL programs, this review serves as a resource for research-based practices and as a springboard for new research.
Civic-Minded Graduate: Additional Evidence II
Authors: Bringle Robert G. , Hahn Thomas W. , Hatcher Julie A.
Published: January 2022

The civic-minded graduate (CMG) construct provides a set of common learning objectives that can guide the design, implementation, and assessment of curricular and co-curricular civic engagement programs. The relationships of civic-mindedness with measures of various components of the CMG conceptual domain were examined in two studies. Study 1 found bivariate correlations for CMG with openness to diversity, self-efficacy, both social-change and charity orientations to service, and endorsement of the principle of care. Study 2 found CMG to be correlated with non-prejudicial attitudes and self-confidence for social behaviors. These confirmations of predicted conceptual relationships between CMG and components of its nomological network support CMG’s validity and its usefulness as a superordinate educational objective for service-learning courses and programs with civic-learning outcomes. Implications for practice and future research are explored.