bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faculty Perceptions on Objective Structured Clinical Exam in Dental Education
Authors: Wali Othman , Vanka Amit , Vanka Shanthi
Published: July 2021

Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) uses standardized content and procedures to assess students across multiple domains of learning. The study is aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices and observations of dental faculty on OSCE. The survey was distributed into dental faculty members in randomly selected government and private institutions in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was pre-tested and consisted of 4 categories including general characteristics of respondents, knowledge on utility of OSCE in curriculum and it’s reliability, attitudes regarding OSCE on a 5 point Likert scale, practices and observations on OSCE on Multiple choice questions (both single answer and multiple answer) and responses on a 5 point Likert scale. The sample size was determined to be 93 and the survey was sent electronically to 10 institutes. 101 complete responses from 7 institutions were considered from the 122 received. Faculty participation in OSCE was high within evaluators 94% (n=94) and administrators 61% (n=61). Majority of respondents (62%) believed that OSCE is most suited for competency based education, to assess cognitive skills (73%) and diagnostic interpretation (79%). Reliability of OSCE can be increased by standardization of evaluators (77%) with highest number believing that 6-8 stations (42%) are the minimum required in an OSCE.  Institution guidelines (49%) coupled with workshops (47%) was the preferred method of preparation for OSCE. Majority felt that OSCE is most suitable for high stakes exams (mean=3.37) and it is an indispensable part of dental assessment (mean=3.78). Minimum number of stations for adequate reliability was reported to be lesser that in reported literature, specially so for high stakes assessments. Logistics required for arranging an  OSCE  and  difficulty in standardized patients, may suggest that OSCE should be used in select situations.
Rafael Estrada y la formación de la crítica estético-literaria costarricense
Authors: Rodríguez Cascante Francisco
Published: July 2021

Tomando en consideración la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu acerca de los campos culturales, se analizan, en primer lugar, dos estudios del poeta ramonense Rafael Estrada sobre la literatura y la estética: “Al margen de los Fantaseos de Andrés Avelino” (1923) y Sobre los estudios estéticos  (1926). Se argumenta que en ellos plantea Estrada sus concepciones sobre el arte de vanguardia frente a las tradiciones romántica y modernista. Tales ideas acerca de la “nueva literatura” convierten a Estrada en un contemporáneo de su tiempo. En segundo lugar, se estudia el prólogo del último libro del autor: Canciones y ensayos (1929). Sobre este, se plantea que Estrada, en tanto recurso de legitimación, busca relacionar su obra con la tradición.
Participación política juvenil: concepciones de las personas jóvenes participantes en seis agrupaciones de Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo Ugalde Adrián , Muñoz Amores Adriana
Published: July 2021

Este artículo recupera los principales resultados obtenidos por medio de la investigación cualitativa desarrollada como trabajo final de graduación para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Trabajo Social de la Sede de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica; la cual se denominó: Participación política juvenil: un estudio exploratorio con agrupaciones juveniles existentes en el distrito central del cantón de San Ramón, Alajuela, en el periodo 2010-2011. Específicamente se centra la atención en exponer las concepciones que tienen las personas jóvenes integrantes de seis agrupaciones juveniles sobre la participación política, con el propósito de comprender desde dónde parten para interpretar la realidad y desarrollar sus acciones colectivas en la formación social costarricense. Se concluye que coexisten tanto posiciones alternativas como tradicionales a la hora de definir el concepto de participación política. Además, se afirma que factores externos como la escuela, familia, relación de pares y las características de la agrupación en la cual se participa van a influenciar en las visiones de mundo de cada joven y en las acciones participativas que se desarrollan.
Adopción de innovaciones en la agricultura familiar latinoamericana.
Authors: Triana Riveros Jorge Luis , Marini Thomé Karim
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se realizó un estudio del proceso para adoptar una innovación en la agricultura familiar, identificando variables del entorno organizacional e institucional que influencian en el proceso de adopción. El artículo se desarrolló mediante una revisión de literatura, analizando las principales variables que afectan la adopción, con el fin de contribuir al fortalecimiento de los procesos de innovación en la agricultura familiar; y así, aprovechar las innovaciones creadas por nuestros centros de investigaciones, universidades y sector privado-público. Se concluyen que es de gran importancia que las entidades de investigación realicen alianzas con instituciones intermediarias para difundir los conocimientos adquiridos con el objetivo de no tener fracaso en las adopciones.
Predictores de las prácticas sobre autoexamen de mama en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada, Lima, Perú
Authors: Ortiz Romaní Katherine Jenny , Gonzales Paredes María Celeste , Ortiz Montalvo Yonathan Josué
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los predictores de las prácticas sobre el autoexamen de mamas en estudiantes de Enfermería de la universidad Católica Sedes Sapientiae, Lima, Perú, 2019.

Metodología: Es un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 92 personas universitarias de ambos sexos. Se ejecutó una guía de evaluación para medir la técnica del autoexamen de mamas, un cuestionario autodirigido para evaluar el conocimiento de esta técnica y por último una ficha de datos para la variable realización de autoexamen de mamas, entre otras variables sociodemográficas y de formación académica.

Resultados: Entre los resultados principales, se muestra que el 65.22 % de las personas estudiantes no realizó el autoexamen de mamas y el promedio de la técnica fue bajo (M=4.41) de un rango de 0 a 12 puntos. Asimismo, se evidenció que los predictores de la realización del autoexamen de mamas fueron el nivel alto de conocimiento de esta técnica (PR: 8.73; p = 0.022), la edad (PR: 1.04; p = 0.021) y capacitación (PR: 2.42; p = 0.005). Además, los predictores de la técnica fueron el conocimiento de esta (coeficiente: 1.70; p = 0.023) y la edad (coeficiente: 1.70; p = 0.023).

Conclusión: En conclusión, la mayoría de estudiantes no realiza las prácticas sobre el autoexamen de mamas, además, los predictores de estas prácticas son el conocimiento sobre la técnica la edad y la capacitación. Ante estos hallazgos se deberían brindar intervenciones educativas promocionales y preventivas al estudiantado.
The Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) As an Opposition Force in The Joko Widodo’s Era in 2014-2020
Authors: Waty Reni Rentika
Published: July 2021

FPI (Islamic Defenders Front) is a mass organization that has consistently positioned itself as the opposition since the reformation. However, during the Jokowi era, the FPI's opposition was more dominant than during before Jokowi era. Using Robert A. Dahl's opposition theory and Maurice Duverger's pressure group theory, as well as qualitative methods, this study wants to see the reasons for FPI as an opposition, FPI's affiliation with Joko Widodo's political opponents. It then analyzes the relationship between ideological and political aspects. This study shows that the FPI oppositional movement is divided into two. That is, the FPI oppositional movement is based on ideological aspects and based on political aspects. This includes da'wah, political support for Jokowi's opponents, and oppressive movements such as the 212 movements. FPI can strengthen identity politics because FPI often uses SARA issues in its movement as a radical Islamic organization.
Starotestamentalne „zaświaty” jako mundus inversus
Authors: Paszko Paweł
Published: July 2021

Poglądy starożytnych na temat życia pozagrobowego mogą być poddawane wielorakim interpretacjom. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje wyobrażenia o „zaświatach” obecne w Starym Testamencie na tle uniwersalnej koncepcji, zwanej mundus inversus, czyli „świat na opak”. Idea ta nie tylko dobrze nadaje się do ukazania w szerszej perspektywie kulturowej poszczególnych fragmentów biblijnych, ale dzięki swej powszechności i interdyscyplinarnemu charakterowi może stanowić punkt wyjścia w poszukiwaniu nowych kierunków interpretacji biblijnej. Życie pozagrobowe powszechnie jawi się człowiekowi jako „świat odwrócony do góry nogami”.
Kontekst pastoralny śmierci dziecka przed urodzeniem
Authors: Dziedzic Jan
Published: July 2021

Strata dziecka martwo urodzonego jest bardzo dotkliwa. Odchodzi bowiem dziecko, z którym rodzice wiązali swoją przyszłość. Pojawia się także poczucie winy związane z odpowiedzialnością za zaistniałą sytuację. Rodzice przeżywający żałobę potrzebują często wsparcia ze strony otoczenia i Kościoła. W towarzyszeniu w żałobie ważne są: obecność, aktywne słuchanie, praktyczna pomoc.Pogrzeb dziecka martwo urodzonego jest możliwy w Kościele, mimo to nie zostało ono ochrzczone. Białe szaty liturgiczne symbolizują niewinność dziecka, a sprawowana Eucharystia za rodziców pogrążonych w żałobie daje im nadzieję, że ich dziecko jest w rękach Boga.
The Role of the Holy Spirit during Parousia in the Eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov
Authors: Raczyński-Rożek Maciej
Published: July 2021

In Parousia, Jesus Christ is undoubtedly the central figure. However, since Parousia is the revelation of the glory of the entire Trinity, it is worth asking about the role of the remaining Divine Persons in this event. In the article, the main focus will be on the role of the Holy Spirit and its interpretation in the eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov. According to the Russian theologian, Parousia is a revelation not only of Christ’s glory, but also of the hypostatic Glory of God, i.e. the Holy Spirit, and in this way it’s the final realization of Pentecost.
Diagnosing the variability in temperature and velocity in the Middle Atlantic Bight
Authors:   , Forsyth Jacob
Published: July 2021

Observations of hydrographic and dynamical properties on the Middle Atlantic Bight shelf document strong variability at time scales spanning events that last a few days to century long trends. This thesis studies individual processes which impact shelf temperature and velocity structure, and quantifies the mean velocity conditions at the shelf break. Chapter 2 uses model output to study the dynamics that lead to the breakdown of summertime thermal stratification, and how the processes which reduce stratification vary from year to year. In summer, the atmosphere heats the surface of the ocean, leading to strong thermal stratification with warm water overlying cool water. During fall, strong storm events with downwelling-favorable winds are found to be the primary process by which stratification is reduced. The timing of these events and the associated destratification varies from year to year. In Chapter 3, the velocity structure of the New Jersey shelf break is examine, with a focus on the Shelfbreak Jet. Using 25 years of velocity measurements, mean velocity sections of the Shelfbreak Jet are created in both Eulerian and stream coordinate frameworks. The jet exhibits strong seasonal variability, with maximum velocities observed in spring and minimum velocities in summer. Evidence is found that Warm Core Rings, originating from the Gulf Stream and passing through the Slope Sea adjacent to the New Jersey shelf, tend to shift the Shelfbreak Jet onshore of its mean position or entirely shutdown the Shelfbreak Jet’s flow. At interannual timescales, variability in the Shelfbreak Jet velocity is correlated with the temperature on the New Jersey Shelf, with temperature lagging by about 2 months. Chapter 4 focuses on the impact of Warm Core Rings on the velocity and temperature structure on the New Jersey shelf. Warm Core Rings that have higher azimuthal velocities and whose cores approach closer to the shelf are found to exert greater influence on the shelf’s along-shelf velocities, with the fastest and closest rings reversing the direction of flow at the shelf break. Warm Core Rings are also observed to exert long-lasting impacts on the shelf temperature, with faster rings cooling the shelf and slower rings warming the shelf. Seasonal changes in thermal stratification strongly affect how rings alter the shelf temperature. Rings in summer tend to cool the shelf, and rings throughout the rest of the year generally warm the shelf.
Renal dysfunction in patients with pulmonary embolism: data from the SIRENA register
Authors: Menzorov M. V. , Filimonova V. V. , Erlikh A. D. , Barbarash O. L. , Berns S. A. , Shmidt E. A. , Duplyakov D. V.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To assess the prevalence, severity and prognostic value of renal dysfunction (RD) in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) of the Russian population, as well as to determine the RD significance as a marker that improves the predictive ability of current risk stratification systems.

Material and methods. From April 2018 to April 2019, patients hospitalized due to PE were sequentially included in the Russian multicenter observational prospective registry SIRENA. RD was diagnosed at a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/ min/1,73 m2. Risk of early (hospital or 30-day) death was stratified in accordance with the current 2019 ESC Clinical Guidelines. During the study, we analyzed inpatient mortality and complication rate.

Results. A total of 604 patients (men, 293 (49%); women, 311 (51%)) were in the study. RD was detected in 320 (53%) patients, while severe dysfunction — in 63 (10%) ones. In addition, 71 (12%) patients had high death risk, 364 (61%) — intermediate, 164 (27%) — low. During hospitalization, 107 (18%) patients died, including 32% from the high-risk group, 20% — moderate, and 7% — low. RD in the deceased patients was diagnosed more often, while GFR <50 ml/min/1,73 m2 reliably predicted hospital mortality (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 72%; AUC=0,72; p<0,001). In patients with simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) of 0 and ≥ 1, the presence of RD led to at least a 2-fold increase in mortality. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that RD is a predictor of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 3,41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2,15-5,41; p<0,001), regardless of the presence of death risk reclassifies, such as high troponin (HR, 1,31; 95% CI: 0,80-2,14; p=0,28) and right ventricular dysfunction (HR, 1,23; 95% CI: 0,74-2,04; p=0,42).

Conclusion. In patients with PE of the Russian population, there is a high incidence of RD, which is diagnosed in every second patient and is severe in 10% of cases. The presence of RD is associated with a significant increase in in-hospital mortality, while the risk of death increases with a decrease in GFR. The addition of RD, considered as a decrease in the estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2, to the sPESI improves risk stratification and allows identification of patients at high risk of in-hospital death.
Proposta de análise integrada de emergências em saúde pública por arboviroses: o caso do Zika vírus no Brasil
Authors: Pepe Vera Lucia Edais , Albuquerque Mariana Vercesi de , Osorio-de-Castro Claudia Garcia Serpa , Pereira Claudia Cristina de Aguiar , Oliveira Catia Verônica dos Santos , Reis Lenice Gnocchi da Costa , Reis Carla de Barros , Dias Henrique Sant’Anna , Miranda Elaine Silva
Published: July 2021

RESUMO A mudança no padrão de ocorrência da microcefalia associada à infecção pelo Zika Vírus em gestantes no Brasil resultou na decretação de emergência em saúde pública de importância nacional e internacional. Esforços coordenados e multisetoriais foram demandados, mas nem sempre houve respostas efetivas ou preparação das populações afetadas. A epidemia de Zika repercutiu nas políticas públicas, incluindo a de saúde, seja na investigação científica, seja na proposição de medidas de controle, diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento. Objetivou-se apresentar proposta de análise integrada para abordagem de futuras emergências sanitárias com foco nas arboviroses. Partindo da experiência brasileira da epidemia e literatura relacionada, articularam-se quatro dimensões: vulnerabilidades e risco; condições e impactos socioeconômicos na população; desenvolvimento e emprego de tecnologias e pesquisas; e resposta e reprogramação do sistema de saúde. Pretende-se viabilizar loci específicos de investigação, para mensuração de possíveis desfechos e geração de novas evidências sobre os efeitos da epidemia nos sistemas de saúde. O conhecimento científico e suas lacunas são considerados os principais elementos integradores dessas dimensões analíticas, de forma a contribuir com resposta mais oportuna e efetiva em futuras emergências. Além do conhecimento adquirido, faz-se necessário agregar capacidade de enfrentar futuras emergências relacionadas com as epidemias de arboviroses.
Incident Command System and risk communication: reflections from nuclear emergencies
Authors: Santos Mario Theophilo da Rocha , Silva Marcos Vinicius de Castro , Cardoso Telma Abdalla de Oliveira
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Usinas nucleares são projetadas com sistemas dedicados a oferecer um alto grau de proteção aos seus trabalhadores, à população e ao meio ambiente. Entre os níveis de proteção da população e do meio ambiente, encontra-se o plano de emergência nuclear. Este plano deve conter um segmento específico relacionado com o gerenciamento da comunicação de risco à população. Historicamente, técnicas de comunicação de risco surgiram para minimizar danos às pessoas, por meio de estratégias de controle de pânico da população. Entretanto, essa questão atualmente é pouco desenvolvida no Brasil na área de segurança nuclear. Dessa forma, este trabalho visou estabelecer uma proposta inicial no uso da teoria de Sistema de Comando de Incidentes como estratégia de gerenciamento da comunicação de risco em caso de acidentes na Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto, localizada no Brasil.
Desastre da Samarco e políticas de saúde no Espírito Santo: ações aquém do SUS?
Authors: Machado Frederico Viana , Dowbor Monika Weronika , Amaral Igor
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O presente estudo buscou compreender as ações mitigadoras propostas como resposta ao impacto provocado pelo rompimento da barragem da Samarco na cidade de Mariana, Minas Gerais. Como parte de um estudo maior, este recorte enfoca as políticas públicas de saúde e as cidades de Colatina e Linhares, no estado do Espírito Santo. Por meio de métodos qualitativos, investigaram-se o arranjo político-administrativo que envolve a empresa Samarco, o Comitê Interfederativo (CIF), a Fundação Renova e os poderes públicos, interrogando sobre o papel dos atores na produção de medidas compensatórias e reparatórias. Foram utilizadas a análise de documentos, sobretudo, os relatórios disponíveis no site da Fundação Renova (de março de 2016 a maio de 2018), e sete entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores de referência nas duas cidades estudadas. A análise foi orientada pelo escopo teórico do ciclo de políticas públicas. Identificou-se uma estrutura político-administrativa formulada de forma nitidamente top down, com ênfase na etapa da formulação de políticas em detrimento da entrega de serviços e com pouca articulação entre os atores públicos e da sociedade civil na busca de solução de problemas de saúde.
ACESSO E USO DE APARATOS TECNOLÓGICOS E INTERNET NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Braga Daniel Santos , Brescia Amanda Tolomelli , Dantas Dina Mara Pinheiro
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar aspectos relativos ao acesso e uso de aparatos tecnológicos e redes de internet por professores e alunos de cursos de graduação em Minas Gerais, especificamente, os pertencentes à comunidade acadêmica da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19, no ano de 2020. O referencial  teórico e analítico são os pressupostos da teoria crítica da tecnologia. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, foi aplicado questionário online (survey) aos professores e alunos da universidade foco da pesquisa, respondido por uma amostra de 229 docentes e 669 estudantes. Identificou-se que o Ensino Remoto Emergencial exigiu grandes adequações didático-pedagógicas dos professores, bem como aquisições ou melhorias de aparatos tecnológicos e redes de internet por docentes e discentes. Este estudo também possibilitou traçar o perfil sócio-econômico da comunidade discente e verificar as desigualdades de oportunidades educacionais vivenciadas na Educação Superior.
Propiedades flexurales y estabilidad de color de materiales restauradores estéticos indirectos.
Authors: Mederos Matias , Cáceres Maria Elisa De León , Tessore Romina , García Andrés , Cuevas-Suarez Carlos , Grazioli Guillermo
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Las diferencias en las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales cerámicos y a base de resina plantean la interrogante de qué material puede tener un mejor desempeño a largo plazo.
Objetivos. Evaluar la resistencia flexural y estabilidad de color de diferentes materiales restauradores estéticos indirectos.
Métodos. Los materiales seleccionados fueron Filtek™ Z250 XT (3M ESPE), Ceramage (SHOFU Dental), VITA VM®LC y VITA ENAMIC® (VITA Zahnfabrik), IPS e.max® (Ivoclar-Vivadent) y Zolid FX (Amann Girrbach AG). El ensayo de Resistencia Flexural (n=10) fue realizado en  una máquina universal de ensayos mecánicos. Las lecturas de color (n=5) se midieron en un espectrofotómetro VITA Easyshade V®.
Resultados. Los materiales totalmente cerámicos mostraron un mejor desempeño mecánico (p < 0,001). Los resultados de estabilidad de color muestran que Ceramage, IPS e.max® y Zolid FX, mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p ≤ 0,002) con Filtek Z250 XT, VITA VM®LC y VITA ENAMIC®.
Conclusiones. Los resultados del presente trabajo muestran que los materiales totalmente cerámicos presentaron una mayor resistencia flexural y estabilidad de color que los materiales de base polimérica.
Load sharing ratios and interaction effects for piled raft foundations in sands
Authors: Bisht Rajendra Singh , Juneja Ashish
Published: July 2021

In piled raft foundations, the load shared between the piles and the raft is affected by a complex soil–structure interaction. However, the number of piles and their location can be optimised, thereby making piled rafts more effective and economical. In this study, the influence of three key design parameters (the number of piles, pile length and pile spacing) on pile–pile–soil and raft–pile–soil interactions was investigated; each of these parameters can lead to improvements in the performance and efficient load sharing of piled rafts. The results of small-scale model tests in sand showed that an increase in pile number or length proportionally decreased the load taken by the raft. A change in the pile spacing or compaction state of the sand bed also affected the raft's contribution, although to a lesser extent. Load sharing between the piles and the raft was found to be not only sensitive to the foundation size but was also dependent upon its settlement. Under favourable pile–pile–soil, raft–pile–soil and pile–raft–soil interaction effects, the combined load capacity of the piled raft increased. These interaction effects were non-linear and sensitive to settlement, which resulted in non-linear sharing of the load between the piles and the raft. The effect of pile inclusion and the number of piles on the shared load was also investigated using a simple hyperbolic model while considering the above interaction effects.
Exploring the Relationship Between Language Learning Strategies, Academic Achievement, Grade Level, and Gender
Authors: Bećirović Senad , Brdarević-Čeljo Amna , Polz Edda
Published: July 2021

Learning efficacy can be substantially improved through the frequent use of learning strategies, whose practicality has been confirmed through extensive research. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to contribute to this wealth of research by determining whether learning strategies are significant predictors of students’ achievement in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) as well as by exploring strategy awareness and variations in strategy use by gender, grade level, and overall grade point average (GPA) among 206 high school students. The results indicated that cognitive strategies are significant positive predictors, while memory and affective strategies are significant negative predictors of students’ achievement in foreign language learning. Moreover, the findings revealed a significant impact of overall GPA and an insignificant impact of gender and grade level on the use of strategy subtypes, with the most frequently used strategies being metacognitive and the least frequently used being affective strategies. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of incorporating strategies-based instruction methods into foreign language curriculums in the Bosnian context and also aims to raise teachers’ awareness of the importance of their application in the classroom milieu.
On Using Languages Other Than the Target One in L2 Adult Language Education: Teachers’ Views and Practices in Modern Greek Classrooms
Authors: Kantzou Vasiliki , Vasileiadi Dimitra Maria
Published: July 2021

Current developments in language education call for a reassessment of the role that students’ already-established linguistic repertoires can play in language teaching. This study probed into adult second language education in Modern Greek offered in Greece, where classes are culturally and linguistically diverse. We investigated teachers’ views and perceived practices regarding the use of other languages in their classes. A mixed-method design was followed. Data on teachers’ opinions was collected via a questionnaire completed by 30 teachers. Complementary data on teachers’ practices collected through observations of two classes was also studied. The results indicated that English was mainly used by the teachers as a mediation language, although a wide variation was reported in the amount of other-language use. Large variations were also reported in the students’ behaviour. Teachers stressed several benefits from using other languages in class, but also expressed concerns about excessive reliance on other languages and on how using a support language would impact students with limited proficiency in this language. These findings were discussed in light of recent developments in language education and implications for teacher training were considered.
Content Subject Teachers’ Views of Implementing the English Across the Curriculum (EAC) Approach: A Study of Some South African High Schools
Authors: Mpofu Nhlanhla , Maphalala Mncedisi C
Published: July 2021

This article explores the views held by content subject teachers on the implementation of the English Across the Curriculum (EAC) approach in their high school classrooms. In South Africa, the EAC approach has been part of the school curriculum since 2014; however, to date, there is a paucity of studies that have focused on understanding how high school teachers implement this approach. In 2017, the South African Department of Basic Education reported that high school teachers were not using this approach without indicating why this was the case. To provide the views of the teachers, the present study drew theoretical insights from reflective teaching to explore the phenomenon. We conducted a qualitative intrinsic case study inquiry, during which we examined the views that 15 high school teachers held on implementing English language skills in content subjects. We collected data using a focus group interview form prepared based on Gibb's model. The findings indicate that content subject teachers have views on (i) the merits of EAC in general language development, (ii) EAC as a challenge to pedagogical-content knowledge, and (iii) strategies for improving the implementation of the EAC approach. This exploratory study has certain implications for the practice of implementing the EAC approach in content teaching, finding that there may be merit in the use of targeted continuing professional development for content teachers when implementing EAC. Secondly, there is a need for partnerships between teachers of English as a second language and content subject teachers, as this cross-curricular collaboration has the potential to enhance the implementation of the EAC approach in high school classrooms.
Collaborative Climate and Knowledge Sharing among ESP Teachers: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Farahian Majid , Parhamnia Farshad
Published: July 2021

Research on teacher collaboration emphasizes the key role of collaborative culture for teachers’ functioning; however, there is little empirical evidence to investigate its relationship with knowledge sharing among university ESP teachers. In the present study, the relationship between EFL teachers’ collaborative climate and knowledge sharing was sought. The data were collected through two surveys of 328 Iranian ESP teachers. A Pearson correlation was carried out to investigate the relationship between the two variables of the study. A multiple regression analysis was also run to examine if ESP teachers’ collaborative climate predicts their knowledge sharing. A follow-up interview with 13 ESP teachers was conducted to consolidate the findings and explore the contribution of teachers’ collaborative climate to their knowledge sharing. The Pearson correlation coefficient test demonstrated a significant positive correlation for four measures (organizational culture, the head of department, teachers’ attitude, workgroup support), and the collaborative climate. The results of the multiple regression also indicated that four subscales of collaborative climate were the predictors of ESP teachers’ attitude towards knowledge sharing. Analysis of the interview data, on the other hand, indicated how teachers’ collaborative climate contributes to their knowledge sharing through one of the four main sources, namely helpful atmosphere, encouragement received from the heads of departments, the expectation of reward, and work group support. In line with these ﬁndings, several practical recommendations were offered.
The Language of Argumentation: A Book Review
Authors: Irawan Nico , Valentina Tri Febrianti
Published: July 2021

The Language of Argumentation by Ronny Boogaart, Henrike Jansen, & Maarten van Leeuwen (Eds). Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2021 aims to provide important theoretical insights to the international community of argumentation theorists by informing them of recent developments in the field. Some aspects of argumentative texts may emerge as a result of the argumentation process. This book covers different types of argumentative procedures and enthymematic argumentation, argumentation structures, argumentation schemes, and fallacies. Specifically, contributions are solicited from authors trained in informal or formal logic, modern or classical rhetoric, and discourse analysis or speech communication.
Enhancing machining accuracy reliability of multi-axis CNC Indexed by: machine tools using an advanced importance sampling method
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Yuan Hao
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to propose a general precision allocation method to improve machining performance of CNC machine tools based on certain design requirements. A comprehensive error model of machine tools is established by using the differential motion relation of coordinate frames. Based on the comprehensive error model, a reliability model is established by updating the primary reliability with an advanced importance sampling method, which is used to predict the machining accuracy reliability of machine tools. Besides, to identify and optimize geometric error parameters which have a great influence on machining accuracy reliability of machine tools, the sensitivity analysis of machining accuracy is carried out by improved first-order second-moment method. Taking a large CNC gantry guide rail grinder as an example, the optimization results show that the method is effective and can realize reliability optimization of machining accuracy.
Iodine deficiency in women of childbearing age in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lucchetta Rosa Camila , Gini Ana Luísa Rodriguez , Cavicchioli Sophia de Andrade , Forgerini Marcela , Varallo Fabiana Rossi , De Nadai Mariane Nunes , Fernandez-Llimós Fernando , Mastroianni Patricia de Carvalho
Published: July 2021

Background: Despite current policies of salt iodination, iodine deficiency is still a global public health problem, especially in women. So far, conflicting evidence has been suggested for the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using databases (PubMed, LILACS, WHO, Scopus, and Capes’ dissertation and thesis), from inception to May 2020. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed using the variance inverse for the fixed model. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to prevalence studies. Results: Our review identified seven studies published between 2002 e 2017, including 1354 participants, especially pregnant women. All studies presented at least one quality limitation, mainly regarding the sampling method (i.e., convenience) and small sample size. The prevalence of iodine deficiency ranged among studies from 16% to 62%. In contrast, the meta-analysis identified a mean prevalence of 40% (95% confidence interval, CI 37%-43%) for pregnant women and 13% (95% CI 4%-24%) for non-pregnant women. Cumulative meta-analysis suggests a tendency of higher iodine deficiency prevalence from 2018 in pregnant women. Conclusions: Although this systematic review identified studies with poor methodological and reporting quality, a high prevalence of iodine deficiency was identified in pregnant women, reinforcing the importance of national nutritional policies for monitoring iodine status in this population. Future studies should consider random probabilistic sampling, appropriate sample size, and pre-defined subgroup analysis to adequately inform the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age and support health policies.
Connections and Patterns of Development of Medium-sized Businesses in Russia
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Galnykina A.E. , Meshkova Ya.R. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Shanygin S.I. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: July 2021

Medium-sized entrepreneurship in many countries plays a stabilizing role in the economy. The article is devoted to the issues of assessing the situation in Russia from 2010 till 2019. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of medium-sized entrepreneurship in Russia, including in the context of federal districts. The published results of study on this topic were analyzed in economic and instrumental sections. The dynamics of the number of medium-sized enterprises in Russia, including the situation in federal districts, was considered. More or less "successful" districts were identified, quantitative estimates were made. A downward trend in the number of employees in such enterprises was revealed. The dynamics of turnover of medium-sized enterprises was analyzed and compared to the number of employees. It was concluded that in some years there was dependence between these indicators, but in general for the period – there was not. The change in labor productivity was considered, the presence of positive dynamics in Russia as a whole and in districts was established. Structural analysis of investments in fixed assets per capita was carried out. Their natural structure was identified, the most and the least favorable years in this regard were identified. The general conclusion was made that the development of this form of management in the country, in particular, within the framework of the implemented National projects, is expedient and in demand.
Influence of Trends in the Information Technology Industry on the Development and Transformation of Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Pashchenko D. S.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the complex impact of the information technology industry on the development of real industry in Russia and covers the main historical stages of the XXI century: from vertical integration and automation to the beginning of digital transformation and the crisis caused by the COVID factor. As a research method, a system analysis is proposed, which considers as systems: the IT industry and real industries — and determines the change in the interaction of systems by a set of structural links. The main idea is in qualitatively changing of the influence of the information technology industry on the development of industrial enterprises and significantly increasing the competitive opportunities of the domestic industry associated with digital transformation and the possibility of successfully entering the world market. The issues of changing the competitive forces according to M. Porter by industry and the possibility of benchmarking the best practices of IT companies in industry are considered separately.
Algorithms for Digital Processing of Measurement Data Providing Angular Superresolution
Authors: Lagovsky B. A. , Rubinovich E. Ya.
Published: July 2021

Incorrect one- and two-dimensional inverse problems of reconstructing images of objects with angular resolutionexceeding the Rayleigh criterion are considered. The technique is based on the solution of inverse problems of source reconstruction signals described Fredholm integral equations. Algebraic methods and algorithms for processing dataobtained by measuring systems in order to achieve angular superresolution are presented. Angular superresolution allows you to detail images of objects, solve problems of their recognition and identification on this basis. The efficiency of using algorithms based on developed algebraic methods and their modifications in parameterization the inverse problems under study and further reconstructing approximate images of objects of various types is shown. It is shown that the noise immunity of the obtained solutions exceeds many known approaches. The results of numerical experiments demonstrate the possibility of obtaining images with a resolution exceeding the Rayleigh criterion by 2-6 times at small values of the signal-to-noise ratio. The ways of further increasing the degree of superresolution based on the intelligent analysis of measurement data are described. On the basis of the preliminary information on a source of signals algorithms allow to increase consistently the effective angular resolution before achievement greatest possible for a solved problem. Algorithms of secondary processing of the information necessary for it are described. It is found that the proposed symmetrization algorithm improves the quality of solutions to the inverse problems under consideration and their stability. The examples demonstrate the successful application of modified algebraic methods and algorithms for obtaining images of the objects under study in the presence of a priori information about the solution. The results of numerical studies show that the presented methods of digital processing of received signals allow us to restore the angular coordinates of individual objects under study and their elements with super-resolution with good accuracy. The adequacy and stability of the solutions were verified by conducting numerical experiments on a mathematical model. It was shown that the stability of solutions, especially at a significant level of random components, is higher than that of many other methods. The limiting possibilities of increasing the effective angular resolution and the accuracy of image reconstruction of signal sources, depending on the level of random components in the data utilized, are found. The effective angular resolution achieved in this case is 2—10 times higher than the Rayleigh criterion. The minimum required signal-to-noise ratio for obtaining adequate solutions with super-resolution is 13—16 dB for the described methods, which is significantly less than for the known methods. The relative simplicity of the presented methods allows you to use inexpensive computing devices and work in real time.
THE ORIGINS OF OLEKSII DOVHIY’S POETIC SPACE
Authors: Strokal Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the nature of linguistic explication of the ideas of Oleksii Dovhiy’s lyrical hero about the features of the universe and the organization of the universe. The author deals with such issues of general theoretical significance as the concept and linguistic worldview. During the research it was found out that Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetry combines the revelation of a son who prides himself on the glory of generations, paternal and grandfather’s moral principles, confession of a fighter for the Fatherland, a manuscript of the medium, to whom all the secrets of the universe are revealed. The language of his poetry reflects the representation of his lyric hero about the three-component world, which consists of the upper, middle and lower tiers. His lyric hero is aware of the HIGHER WORLD as a world of the divine, a world of eternal truths and laws, a world of angels and pure poetry. The main images that fill this world are the images of sun, sky, bird and wind. One of the central concepts that actualize the locus of the MIDDLE WORLD (or world of the earth) in Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetic universe is the image-concept of the LAND. This image is an expression of such lexical and semantic variants of the land tokens as ‘the native land (Ukraine)ʼ and ‘the upper layer of the earth’s crust; soil that is cultivated and used for growing plantsʼ. THE UNDERGROUND WORLD is updated by entering the words «field» and «shadow» in the text. As research has shown, the image of the road in Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetic space is one of the central ones, since, firstly, the verbalizers of this image often act as components that make up the macro-image of the MIDDLE WORLD, and secondly, the image is combined different time shades in the horizontal spatial plane of the author’s world plane. THE UNDERGROUND WORLD is represented in most cases by tokens that are associated with other spatial tiers. However, by entering into the text, such units as «shadow» and «field» acquire contextually predetermined semantic nuances that associatively associate with the lower tier.
Fitness Blogging as a New Social Practice and Its Implications for Young Women’s Mental Health
Authors: Lepesheva S.O. , Kholmogorova A.B.
Published: July 2021

Fitness blogging and fitness marathons are becoming a popular social practice, especially among young women. Although these practices are claimed to provide health benefits, in reality they pose serious risks to the participants’ mental wellbeing. The paper focuses on a study aimed at the analysis of the level and factors of mental distress in female fitness blog subscribers, and the dynamics of their emotional wellbeing in the course of fitness marathons. A total of 112 women aged 18 to 35 years old, with a mean age of 23.5 (SD=4.7), participated in the study. All the respondents were Instagram fitness blog subscribers. The following methods were used in the study: Physical perfectionism scale [8]; Situational Inventory of Body-Im- age Dysphoria [14]; Perceived sociocultural pressure scale [3]; Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale [9]; Beck’s Depression Inventory [17]; N.G. Garanyan and A.B. Kholmogorova’s Three-Factor Perfectionism Questionnaire [1]. Received data testify that young women who spent on Instagram over 60 minutes a day differed from those who spent maximum 30 minutes online by significantly higher levels of excessive body standards and body dissatisfaction, and a greater severity of emotional maladjustment symptoms, including suicidal tendencies. The regression analysis showed that physical and general perfectionism as well as social anxiety and depression symptoms had the most significant effect on an increase in body dissatisfaction levels. After completion of a fitness marathon, women had significant increases in body dissatisfaction and emotional problems. Further research is needed to identify targets that would help to prevent the emotional maladjustment which occur as a result of young women’s engagement in fitness blogging.
Applicability of Fuzzy and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) Methods to Determine the Optimum Soil Depth in Land Suitability Evaluation for Irrigated Rice
Authors: Mahabadi Nafiseh Yaghmaeian , Mahmoud Soltani Shahram
Published: July 2021

The conventional Boolean logic models of land suitability assessment disregard the continuity concepts of the soil and landscape which might cause inaccurate evaluation and classification. To overcome this uncertainty and consequent constraints, the fuzzy set theories were introduced. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to estimate the optimum soil depth that is used in land suitability evaluation for irrigated rice through the fuzzy sets theory and analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) in Guilan Province, Iran. The square root and quantitative land suitability evaluation methods were employed to calculate traditional land suitability indices (for depths, 0-25, 0-50, 0-75, and 0-100 cm). Also, fuzzy and fuzzy AHP methods were used to explore new land indices. The Sarma similarity indices were used to compare the results of traditional and fuzzy methods for different soil depths. The results showed that the compatibility percentage between the representative pedons (0-100 cm) and the findings of this research (0-50 and 0-75 cm) were remarkable. Furthermore, the highest compatibility percentage of land suitability class was related to the comparison of these two former depths and 0 to 100 cm depths in each of the two used fuzzy methods. Besides, except for 0-25 cm depths, actual yield revealed a significant and positive correlation with the rest three soil pedon depths. These findings show that considering 0 to 50 cm soil depth might be a relevant alternative as the optimal depth to evaluate land suitability for rice in paddy fields in the Guilan rice-growing area. 
Powstańcza działalność Ludwika Lutyńskiego na Podlasiu i w Lubelskiem w latach 1863–1864
Authors: Bieleń Zdzisław
Published: July 2021

Niniejszy artykuł jest wynikiem prowadzonych poszukiwań badawczych nad wojskowymi aspektami wielkiego zrywu narodowego w latach 1863−1864 na terenie województw lubelskiego i podlaskiego, gdzie powstanie trwało najdłużej i gdzie stoczono ponad 300 bitew i potyczek (u Stanisława Zielińskiego 246). Dotychczasowe prace naukowe znacząco poszerzyły wiedzę na ten temat, ale w dalszym ciągu istnieją mało rozpoznane zagadnienia. Jedną z takich kwestii jest życie i działalność Ludwika Lutyńskiego, dowódcy powstańczego w tym regionie, jednego z tysiąca „czerwonych koszul” Giuseppe Garibaldiego, a następnie żołnierza legionu węgierskiego. Wiadomo o nim niewiele, mimo iż był jednym z dwóch najdłużej działających dowódców w regionie, a trzecim, jeśli chodzi o liczbę stoczonych bitew i potyczek. Niniejszy artykuł przybliża jego powstańczą działalność, bo o dalszym jego życiu nie pozostały żadne ślady.