bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and feed cost benefit of starter broiler chickens fed diet containing earthworm meal
Authors: Ekine O. A. , Onunkwo D. N.
Published: February 2021

The study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and feed cost benefit of starter broiler chickens offered graded levels of earthworm meal in replacement for fishmeal. Atotal of 120, one day old Anak broiler chicks were procured from a reputable hatchery and allotted to four treatment groups of 30 birds each. Each group was further divided into three replicates of 10 birds per replicate. A total number of four diets were used in the feeding trial. Diet 1 (control) has fish meal and no earthworm meal, while in diets 2,3 and 4, the quantity of fishmeal in the control diet was replaced by 25%, 50% and 100% respectively with earthworm meal. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the performance of the birds. On the average daily feed intake of birds in diets 2 and 4 had high (P>0.05) feed intake, followed by the birds in diets 3, while the birds in diet 1 had the lowest feed intake. But there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in feed conversion ratio. The feed cost benefit analysis revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) on cost of feed consumed. Feed cost per kg was reduced as the levels of earthworm meal increased. Replacement of fishmeal with earthworm meal at 25%, 50% and 100% has the potential to improve the growth performance of broiler birds. Therefore, it is recommended to commercial poultry farmers to use earthworm meals in their poultry feeding.
Performance of broiler chickens fed diet containing fermented maize milling waste
Authors: Onunkwo D. N. , Ekine O. A.
Published: February 2021

Several efforts are being made to find the possibilities of utilizing agro-industrial by products in poultry nutrition. The deployment of maize milling waste for feeding broilers has a promise for reducing its nuisance value, yet enhancing the feeding of broilers. An eight weeks' study was carried out with 108 day-old Anak broiler chicks, to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens fed diet containing maize milling waste as a replacement for maize. Maize milling waste was analyzed for its proximate composition. It was then used in formulating starter and finisher broiler diets at 0.0%, 10%, 30%, 50% dietary levels. The formulated diet was fed to the chicks in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment. The parameters evaluated were the initial body weight, final body weight, average feed intake, feed conversion ratio. The results obtained indicated that broiler chicks on 0.0% maize milling waste recorded the highest weight gain and feed conversion ratio followed by birds on 10% maize milling waste inclusion level. The feed intake of birds increased as the level of replacement increased. Birds on 50% milling waste had the highest feed intake which was significantly different (P<0.05) from the other treatment diets. From the results of this study, the growth performance in diet 1 (0.0%) maize milling waste inclusion level was superior to others, followed by diet 2 (10%) inclusion level. Therefore, for efficient utilization and without deleterious effects, 10% inclusion level of maize milling waste should be used in feed formulation.
Effect of method of preservation on the chemical composition of Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves
Authors: Ekanem N. J. , Okah U. , Ahamefule F. O. , Ifut O. J. , Ikwunze K. , Udoh E. F. , Edet H. A. , Orok A. M.
Published: February 2021

Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves are less acceptable by ruminants due to their high contents of anti-nutritional factors. The effect of preserving Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves as hay and silage or silage: hay combinations on the proximate, fibre fractions, anti-nutritional factors, minerals and vitamins compositions were investigated in this study. Six experimental treatments consisting of 100% fresh Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, 100% ensiled Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, 100% sun dried Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves, 75% silage: 25% hay, 50% silage: 50% hay and 25% silage: 75% hay were formulated. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and analyzed for chemical composition. The crude protein content ranged from 14.70 – 22.05%, which significantly differed (p<0.05) across treatments with the highest value in the fresh leaves. The values for neutral detergent fibre ranged from 56.64 – 57.92 %, acid detergent fibre from 37.14 – 39.87 % and acid detergent lignin from 13.30 – 14.96 %, they all differed significantly (p<0.05) across treatments with highest values in the 100% ensiled treatment. Preservation as silage significantly (p<0.05) reduced the concentrations of tannin, phytate and hydrocyanic acid, while preservation as hay significantly (p<0.05) reduced the concentration of saponin. The mineral contents of the EC leaves preserved as silage, hay and silage: hay combinations (Treatments 2 - 6) compared favourably with the mineral contents of the fresh leaves (Treatment 1). Preserved EC leaves (Treatments 2 – 6) had significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of vitamin C (444.21 –657.60 mg/100g) than the fresh leaves (308.79mg/100g). Thus preservation of E. cyclocarpum leaves as silage or hay improved its chemical composition and reduced its contents of anti-nutritional factors.
Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed wood ashbased diets
Authors: Alabi O. J. , Alemede I. C. , Egena S. S. A. , Obari C. O. , Ewa C. , Oyinloye O.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance and nutrient digestibility ofbroiler chickens fed wood-ash based diet. A total of 120 broiler chickens were randomlyallocated to four treatments in the completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was thecontrol while Treatments 2, 3, and 4 were Neem ash (NTA), Shea butter ash (SBA) and Locustbean ash (LBA), respectively. Each treatment has three replicates and ten birds per replicate.Data on growth rate, live weight, feed intake and mortality were collected while feedconversion ratio was calculated. Apparent dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, etherextract and nitrogen free extract retention were also determined. All data collected wereanalyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Starter phase results shows that birds on SBA ash had the highest final weight (366.00 g), body weight gain (173.71 g) and feed intake (546.03 g) and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control. At the finisher phase, all ash treatment had higher (p<0.05) final, daily weight gain and better (p<0.05) feed conversion than the control dietary. The digestibility results indicated birds on LBA diet had the highest crude fibre and ash content. The study showed that wood ash influenced growth performance and nutrient retention of broiler chickens. Chickens on ash-based diets performed better that the control at the finisher phase.
Dietary supplementation of acetylsalicylic acid improved growth, livability and egg production performance in two breeds of commercial layers
Authors: Aro S. O. , Faluyi O. B. , Awoneye O. O. , Onibi G. E.
Published: February 2021

Heat stress is a silent threat to the well-being of chickens with negative impacts on their health, performance and productivity in the tropics. This has therefore, necessitated its control among the flocks of poultry. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used to improve the performance and well-being of birds under heat stress but its effects on the production performance of Isa brown (IB) and Harco black (HB) breeds are yet to be examined. Thisstudy was therefore, conducted to unravel the effect of ASA on these birds' performance. One hundred and ninety-two birds comprising 96 IB and 96 HB layers were randomly allotted to four treatment diets supplemented with 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075% of ASA at 48 birds/treatment in four replicates of 12 birds each. Feed intake, weight change, mortality, hen-day egg production (HDEP) and hen-housed egg production (HHEP) were determined. Results showed that IB recorded a higher weight change (806.83±33.45g) than the HB (722.8±35.91g) breed. Dietary ASA supplementation at 0.075% produced the highest weight change (808.52±242.73g) relative to the control (672.92±65.04g). The ASA level at 0.050% produced the lowest mortality (2.46±0.01%). Conclusively, the use of ASA in the diets improved weight change in the birds. The IB breed had a better livability (95.70%) than the HB breed (91.80%). The ASA at 0.050% conferred the best livability (97.54%) on the birds. Also, the use of ASA significantly improved total egg production. The ASA supplementationhad a better ameliorative effect on HB than the IB breed.
Response of broilers to three different commercial feeds
Authors: Olajide R. , Kareem A. O , Afolabi K. D.
Published: February 2021

Poultry farmers who rely on commercial feeds sourced from the market always suffer some forms of financial loss due to sub-standard nature of such feeds. The normal practice is to formulate a balanced diet and compound the feeds with good quality ingredients. These conditions are not always within the control of the farmers who rely on buying finished feeds from the market. There is dearth of information on the quality of these common types of feedsin the market with the aim of recommending the best to the farmers. This study was therefore, carried out to examine the response of broilers to three commercial feeds at the starter and finisher phases. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old unsexed Marshal broilers at three replicates of twenty birds each were used for the study; and lasted for eight weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The performance, carcass, haematological and biochemicalparameters of the experimental birds were measured. The three diets were tagged Diets 1, 2 and 3 each representing a treatment. The average final live weight (AFLW), daily weight gain (ADWG), daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the feed types (dietary treatments). The highest AFLW (758.37g/b) was obtained for broiler starters fed Diet 2 compared to 689.60g/b (Diet 1) and 263.37g/b (Diet3). The ADWG followed the same trend with birds fed Diet 2 having the highest value (25.67g/b) compared with 23.22g/b (Diet 1) and 8.00g/b (Diet 3). The ADFI (starters) were 72.88, 80.36 and 62.20g/b respectively for birds fed Diets 1, 2 and 3. The corresponding ADFI (g/b/d) for the finishers were 133.63 (Diet 1), 177.53 (Diet 2) and 58.57 (Diet 3); and ADWG (g/b/d) 42.49 (Diet 1), 51.79 (Diet 2) and 8.57 (Diet 3). Diet 2 gave the best performance in terms of weight gain, followed by Diet 1 and Diet 3 in that order for the finishers. However, the average cost per kg weight gain of the birds for the 2 phases were ? 307.88 (Diet 1), ? 309.29 (Diet 2), and ? 582.74 (Diet 3). All the carcass (live weight, bled weight, plucked weight, eviscerated weight, dressed weight and abdominal fat); and internal organs such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine and proventriculus were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The RBC, Hb, Basophils, total protein, albumin and globulin differed significantly (P < 0.05) across the diets. It can be concluded that birds fed Diet 1 gavethe best overall economic, carcass, haematology and serological performance. Commercial Diet (feed) 1 is therefore recommended for broiler farmers.
Nutritional potential of differently processed Cajanus cajan leaves on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf growing rams fed Panicum maximum
Authors: Adebisi I. A. , Ajibike A. B. , Okunola O. O. , Alalade J. A. , Amusa H. O. , Oladepo O. , Mustapha T. B.
Published: February 2021

Browse legume plants particularly pigeon pea forage generates a lot of underutilized leaves which if properly harnessed can be a cheaper source of nutrients for small ruminant animal production, during dry season feed shortages. In this study, the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf growing rams fed differently processed Cajanus cajan leaves and Panicum maximum basal diet for 56 days feeding trial. A total of sixteen(16) growing WAD rams between 6 - 9 months with an average body weight of 7.00 - 12.00k were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 4 rams each and 2 rams per replicate. The experimental diet was fed at 3% body weight of individual ram while fresh, wilted, and dried forms of Cajanus cajan leaves supplemented at varied inclusion levels (0%, 30% fresh, 30% wilted and 30% dried) with Panicum maximum. There were significant (P<0.05) differencesin all parameters determined on nutrient digestibility across the dietary treatments. Animals maintained on T (70% Panicum maximum and 30% dried Cajanus cajan leaves) had the 4 highest dry matter digestibility (60.46%), while the lowest value (48.56%) for DMD was recorded in T diet. Rams fed T diet had the highest mean crude protein digestibility (CPD) 1 2 value of 11.30%, followed by T (10.68%), 10.02% for T , while T diet had the lowest mean 2 1 4CPD of 9.21%. Rams fed T diet had the highest mean crude fibre digestibility (CFD) value of 1 37.65%, while 35.03, 33.18 and 32.71 were recorded for T , T and T diet respectively. T was 4 2 3 4 observed to have the highest mean ash digestibility value of 17.07% with T , T and T having 3 1 2 the value of 16.02, 14.28 and 13.36 respectively. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in all parameters determined on nitrogen utilization across the dietary treatments. Rammaintained on T diet had the highest mean intake of 4.42g/d while T diet had the lowest 2 1 mean value of 2.64g/d. The lowest mean nitrogen balance (NB) of 0.43g/d was observed in rams fed T diet while rams on T diet had the highest NB value of 2.18g/d. Rams fed T diet 1 2 4 had the highest faecal nitrogen value of 2.14g/d. However, rams maintained on T diet had 4 the highest value urinary nitrogen of 1.07g/d. The nitrogen utilization fluctuatedsignificantly (P<0.05) across the dietary treatments. It can be concluded that supplementation of fresh Cajanus cajan forages at 30% inclusion with Panicum maximum at 70% for growing rams can enhance nutrient utilization in terms of crude protein digestibility and nitrogen utilization without any deleterious effects on the animals.
Growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of grazed Red Sokoto bucks supplemented with dried ripe plantain peels.
Authors: Ukanwoko A. I. , Douglas N. C. , Igwe N. C.
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and blood profile of grazedRed Sokoto bucks supplemented with dried ripe plantain peels. Nine bucks were used for thisexperiment. The goats were apportioned to three treatment diets and dried ripe plantainpeels incorporated at 0%, 5% and 10% inclusion levels for T , T and T respectively. The 1 2 3,bucks were taken out for grazing in the morning (9.00am – 12noon) and thereafter fed theexperimental diet. The experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks. The animals were weighed atthe beginning of the experiment and weekly afterwards. Feed intake was calculated as thedifference between feed served and refusal. Blood samples of the bucks were collected todetermine the blood profile using disposable syringes and sterile needles. Results showedthat the final body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) differedsignificantly (P<0.05). The final body weight, body weight gain and FCR were 18.02kg,2.01kg, 3.42; 20.75kg, 3.89kg, 1.26 and 21.35kg, 4.80kg, 1.10 for T , T and T respectively. 1 2 3,Platelet, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), urea and creatinine values differedsignificantly (P<0.05). The highest platelet was recorded for bucks on T (212.91x10 3/ul) 3while the lowest was for bucks on T (202.30x103/ul). ALP, TP, urea and creatinine values 1were 29.00u/l, 60.00g/l, 8.00m/mol,72.50m/mol; 30.30u/l, 52.30g/l, 10.00m/mol,141.00m/mol and 42.00u/l, 53.30g/l, 9.70m/mol, 112.30m/mol for T , T and T , respectively. 1 2 3The inclusion of supplemental dried ripe plantain peels in the diet of Red Sokoto bucksenhanced the body weight and did not have any adverse effect on their blood profile.
The effect of drying methods on the chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility of some browse plants
Authors: Akinyemi B. T. , Babatunde M. O. , Alli J. A. , Ogunsanya O. A. , Jolaosho A. O. , Arigbede O. M. , Adelusi O. O.
Published: February 2021

Browse plants are under-utilized in the dry season because of the insufficient knowledgeabout the drying process that best helps to prevent degradation of nutrients available toruminant. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drying methods (airdrying, oven drying and sun drying) on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility ofleaves and leaves + twigs from (Albizia lebbeck, Albizia saman, Daniella oliveri,Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Milletia griffonianaand Pterocarpus santalinoides). The leaves and twigs were dried under the three dryingmethods until constant weight and milled for in vitro digestibility. Gas production wasrecorded at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hours of the incubation period with 8x3x2factorial design using Duncan Multiple Ranged test. When the browse species werecompared, there were significant differences in the incubation hours while there were alsosignificant (P>0.05) differences for the plant parts in the incubation hours except at 3 hours.The value of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) μmol, ranged from 0.22 to 0.57, metabolizableenergy (ME) MJkgDM ranged from 2.72 to 3.25, while organic matter digestibility (OMD) %ranged from 38.44 to 50.48 respectively. Albizia lebbeck was highest (P<0.05) for SCFA,ME, OMD. It is concluded that drying methods had no effect on the forages considered.However, the leaves of these browse plants are highly digestible and their inherent nutrientsare higher than the range recommended for the maintenance in ruminant production.
Linear score of udder dimension and structural traits in White Fulani cattle
Authors: Olaniyi T. A , Popoola M. A , Raji A. M. , Adekanbi A. O , Ayoola A. O. , Kolawole D. O. , Abdul-Ganiy S. O. , Ojueyanmi O. P.
Published: February 2021

Linear descriptive scoring system is commonly used especially in cattle where number of analyses has been performed for selection purposes. The linear scoring of udder and structural traits of 700 White Fulani cattle of average age of 3 - 4 years was conducted in this study. These traits were subjectively scored through visual appraisal. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Result revealed that White Fulani cattle possess intermediate flank depth (6.40± 1.46); rump height (6.74± 1.31); rump length (5.94±1.23) and rump angle (5.26±1.29) but rump width (4.77 ±1.60) of the cattle was short and there were intermediate rear udder height (5.30±1.74), fore udder attachment (5.78±1.54), front teat placement (5.60±1.26), rear teat placement (5.40±1.34), teat length (5.01±1.95), teat placement side view (5.00±1.28) and udder balance (5.40±1.54), while, the cattle had short udder depth (4.90±1.95) and thickness of teat (4.93±1.83). Result further revealed that there was low or no correlation between udder type traits and structural traitsof the cattle. There was no or low correlation among udder traits except the moderate correlation between front teat placement and rear teat placement; moderate correlation between teat length and teat thickness. It was concluded that white Fulani cattle possess medium body and udder structure and no or low correlation between udder dimension traits of the cattle and their structural traits which may be suitable selection markers to improve White Fulani cattle milking ability particularly among pastoralists.
Correlation between body weight and morphometric traits in local and exotic chickens to dietary levels of Moringa oleifera (Lamarck) seed meal
Authors: Akintunde A. O. , Toye A. A. , Ademola A. A. , Jubril A. E.
Published: February 2021

Moringa oleifera (Lamarck) seed is a novel feedstuff that can be incorporated into poultry nutrition and a potential cheaper alternative than the current conventional feedstuff in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the effect Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) on the relationship between body weight and body morphometric parameters of local and exotic chickens. The total sum of one hundred and ninety two chickens comprising of ninety six Nigerian Ecotype local chickens and Marshall broiler chickens in four dietary treatments with three replicates (of eight birds per replicate for each genotype of chicken) per treatment. Four experimental diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 % MOSM were used. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation model. The study showed that the association between morphometric parameters and body weights decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of MOSM (r decreased from 0.72 to 0.52) however all the associations were positive which signified that the inclusion of MOSM influenced the level of relationship between body weight and body morphometric parameters. This study concluded that 5% dietary inclusion of MOSM would improve growth performance in YENLC and Marshall broiler chickens.
Effect of zeranol and estradiol-17â on carcass and sensory characteristics of zero-grazed White Fulani bulls
Authors: Makinde O. A. , Soyelu O. T. , Aderibigbe A. O.
Published: February 2021

Transhumance is one of the major factors contributing to farmers-herders conflict. Therefore, a strategy that encourages zero-grazing without adversely affecting cattle growth may contribute to reducing such conflict. This study investigated a method for zero-grazing. Twenty-seven stocker White Fulani bulls were evaluated over 60 days in feedlot to determine the effect of zeranol and estradiol-17β as growth promoters on carcass and beef sensory characteristics. Cattle, finished on 14% CP ration, were allotted to non-implanted (control), estradiol- and zeranol-implanted treatments at nine animals/treatment in three replicates of three animals each. Carcass characteristics of finished cattle were determined, liver samples were assayed for hormone residue and beef samples were assessed for eating qualities. Implanted animals had significantly (P<0.05) greater loin eye area and heavier live and hot carcass weights than non-implanted but similar (P>0.05) dressing % and relative weights of cut-up carcass parts and organs. Hormone residues of liver from implanted and non-implanted cattle were comparable and significantly lower than the maximum recommended safe limits, indicating that meat from implanted cattle pose no health risk for consumption. Consumer panelists preferred beef from implanted cattle for tenderness, juiciness and flavor and beef from estradiol-implanted cattle very much liked above that from zeranol-implanted or non-implanted cattle. Implanting finishing White Fulani cattle with estradiol is beneficial for improving carcass value and beef eating quality. Adoption of this management strategy or a modification may contribute significantly towards reducing the incessant herders-farmers conflict because of its low pressure on land resources.
Nutritional effects of toasted castor seed meal based-diets on growth and blood parameters of grower rabbits supplemented with quantum blue® enzyme
Authors: Alu S. E. , Ari M. M. , Egya I. O. , Bitrus S. V.
Published: February 2021

Rabbits are known to be highly prolific animals with short gestation period and can thrive well on cheaper and available alternative feeds such as castor seeds especially when properly processed and supplemented with the right additive. Twenty weaner composite rabbits weighing approximately 660.45±12.05g/rabbit were utilized in an experiment to evaluate effect of toasted castor seed meal (TCSM) on growth and blood parameters of grower rabbits supplemented with quantum blue® enzyme. The rabbits were allotted to four isonitrogenous (15% crude protein) and isocaloric (2850kcal/kg, ME) diets with two levels (0 and 30%) of TCSM and two levels of enzymes (0 and 100PPM) in a 2X2 factorial arrangement of a Completely Randomized Design. Growth parameters and blood constituents were measured. The results obtained showed that all the growth parameters evaluated were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by enzyme supplementation except for initial weight which was significantly (P<0.05) reduced (1818.75 vs. 1368.75 g/rabbit). Similarly, inclusion of TCSM significantly (P<0.05) reduced initial (1862.50 vs. 1325.00 g/rabbit) and final (2112.50 vs. 1204.17 g/rabbit) weights of the rabbits. Also, there was significant improvement (P<0.05) in serum calcium (3.00 mmol/L), creatinine (82.67mg/L) and albumin concentration (25.67 vs. 30.67 and 25.33 g/L) in rabbits fed high TCSM and enzyme supplementation. In conclusion, inclusion of 30% TCSM supplemented with quantum blue ®enzyme at 100 ppm reduced the effect of TCSM on the animals and improves acceptance, absorption and utilization of feed by grower rabbits without compromising their health status.
Effect of quantum blue® supplementation of sugarcane peel meal-based diets on growth rate and nutrient digestibility by weaner rabbits
Authors: Ushie F. T. , Alu S. E. , Oluwafemi R. A.
Published: February 2021

Sugarcane peels (SCP) is available in large quantities all year round especially in sugar industries where they are discarded as waste product. It contains high amount of carbohydrate and minerals which could be fed to animals especially when properly processed and supplemented with exogenous enzyme to aid the animal digest it. Fifty - four weaned 4-5 weeks old crosses of New Zealand white x Chinchilla male rabbits were utilized to evaluate the effect of feeding sugarcane peel meal-based diets supplemented with quantum blue® on the growth performance parameters (initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, FCR and feed cost per weight gain) and nutrient digestibility by weaner rabbits. Six diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (18% crude protein) and isocaloric (2700kcal/kg, ME) with two levels of inclusion of sugarcane peel meal (SCPM) (low and high) and three levels of enzyme supplementation (0, 150 and 250 PPM) giving a 2x3 factorial arrangement fitted into Completely Randomized Design. The rabbits were weighed and allotted to the treatments at the rate of 3 rabbits per replicate and each treatment was replicated 3 times. Feeds were weighed and served to the animals individually and water was provided ad-libitum. Growth parameters and nutrient digestibility data were generated and evaluated. The results of the effect of enzyme on growth performance of weaner rabbits showed that average total weight gain significantly (P<0.05) improved as rabbits fed the 200PPM enzyme supplemented diets had the best value of 511.67g/rabbit. However, rabbits fed the 100PPM performed (410.83g/rabbit) the same as those fed the 200PPM. Similarly, rabbits fed the 200PPM enzyme supplemented diets gained more (P<0.05) daily weight of 10.40 g/rabbit/day followed by those fed the 100PPM (8.32 g/rabbit/day). The result of the effect of high SCPM showed that feed intake significantly (P<0.05) increased from 47.37 g/rabbit/day to 59.82 g/rabbit/day as the level of SCPM increased in the diets; rabbits fed the high SCPM had higher total weight gain of 484.44 g/rabbit as compared to those of low SCPM (362.78 g/rabbit). The interactive effects of SCPM and enzyme on growth performance of weaner rabbits showed that final live weight, feed intake and total weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) improved as the levels of SCPM and enzyme increased in the diets. In view of the findings, rabbit farmers can supplement 32% of SCPM in the diets of  weaner rabbit with 200PPM of quantum blue® without negatively affecting the growth rate and suppressing the digestibility of nutrients by weaner rabbits.
Comparative performance and water intake of four breeds of broiler chickens fed a popular commercial diet in Kuta
Authors: Dikko A. H. , Tsado D. N. , Adama T. Z.
Published: February 2021

Low protein intake and rapid human population growth in addition constitute a major problem facing developing countries. To solve this problem of lack of adequate intake of animal products and to increase the output by majority of Nigerians, there is the need to improve poultry and poultry products production by putting a lot of effort in the production of highly reproductive animals becomes very important. The aim of this work is to compare the performance of four breeds of broiler chickens fed a popular commercial Diet in Kuta. One hundred and twenty, day-old chicks of different breeds, and thirty each (Arbor acre, Marshal, Anak, Cobb) were selected and randomly allotted to four treatments with three replicates each in a completely randomized experimental design. Result from the experiment revealed that there was no significance (P< 0.05) difference among the treatments in terms of water intake, feed intake body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. Anak and Cobb breeds has the highest numerical values for the most of the performance indices measured such as average weekly feed intake (1425.60g, 1272.60g), total feed intake (4714.3g, 4509.8g), average weekly water intake (4046.40ml, 4317.00ml), total water intake (12698.7ml, 14527.6ml), average weekly body weight gain (298.51g, 348.13g), and feed conversion ratio (4.87, 3.67). This research show that the Cobb breed have superior performance compare to other breeds on the same feed and under same environmental condition in Kuta. This implies that the production of the four mentioned breeds can perform in Kuta but the feed is more favourable to Cobb breed.
Inheritance of plumage colour in the F1 and test cross progeny of Japanese quail
Authors: Adedoyin T. I. , Fayeye T. R. , Amao O. J.
Published: February 2021

Recessive genes produced its phenotypic effect only when its allele is identical while the dominant ones produced its effect either with identical or dissimilar alleles. This study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance of plumage colour in Japanese quail flock in Nigeria, using the Manchurian Gold (MG), Pharaoh (PH) and Panda White (PW) plumage types. All possible crosses were made among the three colour variants making a total of nine mating groups. A total number of 2,348 F1 chicks and 1,563 test cross progeny obtained from the incubated eggs were classified and counted by their down colour into observable plumage colour groups. The expected phenotypic ratios of the F1 and test cross progeny were computed based on the assumption that parents that were homozygous for a particular plumage colour breed true. The results revealed that the Pharaoh plumage quails carry the wild-type allele (Wb) in homozygous form or in heterozygous with the Panda White (wb) allele. The Manchurian gold plumage quails carry the Manchurian Gold-type allele (Wb+) in heterozygous with either Wb or wb. All the Panda White chicks were homozygous for the wb allele, which was recessive to both Wb and Wb+ alleles. The Chi-square results confirm the heterozygousity of the dominant phenotype in the test crosses. It can be concluded that inheritance of plumage colour is controlled by autosomal genes with dominant hierarchy of MG> PH> PW (Wb+ >Wb>wb).
Dairy production practices at pastoral settlements of Adamawa and Taraba states, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Z. , Ardo M. B. , Aliyara Y. H.
Published: February 2021

A survey was undertaken to investigate the dairy production practices in pastoral communities in Adamawa and Taraba states using a well-structured questionnaire. A total of 600 pastoralists in 20 local government areas (LGAs) were used in this study. Data from the questionnaires were presented in simple percentages. The survey showed that dairy pastoralists was dominated by married middle aged men (82.0%), low in literacy level (78.0%), herding local breeds of cattle (97.0%) that used rivers (91.7%) around their settlements as source of water. Most of them sale raw milk once a day (98.2%), with highest quantity during rainy season (98.3%) which was mostly used in their families as food and sale remainder (81.5%), but were willing to sale to milk collectors (62.5%). The unavailability of extension agents to assist them improves their dairy practices (89.2%) and non-membership of cooperative societies by pastoralists (82.7%) were constraints to dairy production in pastoral settlements. However, majority of pastoralists are willing to join milk cooperative society (96.6%) indicates the future development and commercialization of pastoralist milk industry is bright. Extension agents are required to enlighten on the good feeding regimens, marketing and cross breeding techniques. The result from this study indicated the need for government to exploit the potentials of improving the business and entrepreneurship skills of pastoralists through encouraging private entrepreneurs in dairy production.
Performance and blood indices of West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of malted sorghum sprout with enzyme supplementation
Authors: Adekanbi A. O. , Onwuka C. F. I. , Oni A. O. , Jinadu K. B. , Adebayo B. J. , Odetola O. M. , Akingbade A. O. , Adedeji O. Y. , Saka A. A.
Published: February 2021

Malted sorghum sprout (MSP) is an agro-industrial by-products rich in organic nitrogen and amino acids which can be used to enhance ruminant nutrition. A study was conducted to assess the nutritive value of MSP as supplementary on the performance characteristics and blood profile of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. MSP was collected, air-dried and then incorporated at different inclusion levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% to formulate four dietary treatments T , T , T and T , respectively, with T - T being supplemented with Roxazyme G2 1 2 3 4 2 4 enzyme at 0.5g/kg. Twelve WAD bucks with an average weight of 7±0.5kg were assigned into four dietary treatments with three bucks per treatment in a completely randomized design over a period of 84 days. Data were obtained on performance characteristics, haematological and serum biochemical indices. Performance characteristics showed that average concentrate consumed (229.04g/day) and average daily weight gain (44.44 g/day) of WAD goats were significantly (P?0.05) higher in goats fed 20% MSP with enzyme supplementation. Dietary MSP with enzyme supplementation significantly (P?0.05) influenced the total protein (TP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) across the treatments. 3 3 TP (7.05g/dL) and WBC (7.88 x 10 /mm ) were significantly (P?0.05) higher in goats fed 20% MSP while globulin values increased significantly (P?0.05) across the dietary treatments (3.94 – 5.05g/dL) and is within the normal levels expected of healthy goats. It is concluded that dietary MSP with enzyme supplementation at 20% improved the performance, hematological and serum biochemical indicess of WAD goats without any adverse effects.
The effects of crude extract of Amaranthus hybridus (000059604) on reproductive parameters of the male Wistar rats
Authors: Oyeyemi M. O. , Adedeji V. B. , Bankole A. M.
Published: February 2021

Studies on Amaranthus hybridus (AH) have established its antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of AH on some reproductive parameters of forty-five sexually matured Albino rats (Wistar Strain) males. Amaranthus hybridus has been reported to have several protective and curative properties attributed majorly to strong antioxidant activity. They were randomly grouped into 3 with each group consisting of 15 rats. Group A received (per Os) Amaranthus hybridus (50mg/kg body weight) and group B had Amaranthus hybridus (100mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Group C (control) received distilled water for 7 days. Blood and semen samples were collected for analyses on day 1,8,15 and 22 post-treatments. The results showed that the sperm motility of group B in day 1, (2.00± 2.00%) rat was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of group C (26.00 ± 7.97%), whereas it was greatly improved in Group B (85.00 ± 4.47%) and Group A (60.00 ±4.47%) at the day 22 posttreatment. Livability of sperm cells were significantly higher (p < 0.5 0) in Group A (96.20±0.73%) and Group B (96.20±0.73%) compared to Group C (96.80±1.64%) at day 22 post-treatment. The histology of the testis of control and all treatment groups revealed normal testicular germinal epithelium full of viable spermatogenic cells. It is, therefore, concluded that Amaranthus hybridus extract given orally at 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight, did not affect the normal cytoarchitecture of the testis and epididymis and can increase sperm production.
Chevon availability in some markets in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Shaib-Rahim H. O. , Aluko O. J. , Eniola O. , Okeke E. N. , Oyedeji M. B. , Akanni-John R. , Adegoke A. G.
Published: February 2021

Goat meat has a number of nutritional benefits compared to other meats. It is preferred by those who know it value. Studies on marketing of goat meat (chevon) is important to provide vital information on its availability, profitability and the contsraints encoutered by the marketers for effective research, pricing, planning and policy fomulation. In the study, the marketing of chevon in selected markets in Ibadan, was examined. Well-structured questionnaires were purposively administered to 60 respondents from four markets (Bodija, Akinyele, Oritamerin, Aleshinloye) in different Local Government Areas within Ibadan, using multi-stage sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. The results showed that 55% male respondents were chevon marketers in which 70% were married within the age range of 40-49 years. About 31.7% had no formal education while 30.0% had secondary education. In terms of religion, 46.7% were Muslims, 40.0% were Christians and 13.3% were traditional believers. The budgetary analysis revealed that the total revenue (TR) was < 3,970,030.00, total variable cost (TVC) was < 2,125,150.00 and total fixed cost (TFC) was <123,300.00 while gross profit and net profit accounted for < 3,970,030.00 and ? 1,721,580.00, respectively. Total cost incurred was < 2,248,450.00 per month. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was calculated to be < 1.83. Among the problems facing chevon marketing in the study areas are infrastructural, credit facilities and storage facilities. It is therefore recommended that the government at all levels should provide market facilities and favorable market, regulatory framework for a more profitable chevon business.
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed graded levels of dry distilled cassava with soluble
Authors: Oyedele O. J. , Olosunde A. O. , Otunla T. A. , Ajibogun F. H. A.
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the performance of broilers fed graded levels of Dry Distilled Cassava with Soluble (DDCS). In a 28-day trial, one hundred and forty-four (144), 5-week old, un-sexed Arbor acre strain broiler chicks (average weight of 1.09±0.02 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments of wheat offal (WO) and DDCS (12% WO + 0% DDCS = 0% DDCS; 8% WO + 4% DDCS = 4% DDCS; 4% WO + 8% DDCS = 8% DDCS and 0% WO + 12% DDCS = 12% DDCS) in completely randomized design. Each treatment had 2 replicates of 18 birds each. Dry matter feed intake (FI g/day), daily weight gain (g/day) and total weight gain (kg) decreases with increase in the levels of DDCS, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increases with increase in levels of DDCS, respectively. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) differences in the carcass evaluation measured. It was concluded that DDCS could replace wheat offal in the diets of broilers up to 8% without significant difference in growth and feed intake without detrimental effects on carcass quality of the birds.
 
 
Cette étude a été réalisée pour étudier la performance des poulets de chair nourris à des niveaux échelonnés de manioc distillé sec avec soluble (le 'DDCS'). Dans un essai de 28 jours, cent quarante-quatre (144) poussins de chair de la souche Arbor acre non sexés de 5 semaines (poids moyen de 1.09 ± 0.02 kg) ont été répartis au hasard dans quatre traitements diététiques d'abats de blé (WO) et DDCS (12% WO + 0% DDCS = 0% DDCS ; 8% WO + 4% DDCS = 4% DDCS ; 4% WO + 8% DDCS = 8% DDCS et 0% WO + 12% DDCS = 12 % DDCS) dans une conception complètement aléatoire. Chaque traitement comportait 2 répétitions de 18 oiseaux chacun. L'apport alimentaire en matière sèche (FI g / jour), le gain de poids quotidien (g / jour) et le gain de poids total (kg) diminuent avec l'augmentation des niveaux de DDCS, tandis que le taux de conversion alimentaire (FCR) augmente avec l'augmentation des niveaux de DDCS, respectivement. Cependant, il n'y avait aucune différence significative (P> 0.05) dans l'évaluation de la carcasse mesurée. Il a été conclu que le DDCS pouvait remplacer les abats de blé dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair jusqu'à 8% sans différence significative de croissance et de consommation alimentaire sans effets néfastes sur la qualité de la carcasse des oiseaux.
PENGARUH PENGAWASAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Lestari Winda Ayu , Ikbal Muhammad , Ramlan Pratiwi
Published: February 2021

Performance in the Office of the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency of Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The population in this study were 43 people. The sample is 43 people. The chili dance technique used is purposive sampling. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, questionnaires, literature study. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and The results showed that the supervision was in the good category with a percentage of 65.5%. The performance is in the poor category with a percentage of 60%. Based on the value of t count> t table or 9.411> 2.019 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means it is significant. So, the effect of supervision has a significant effect. Supervision Improvement of Employee Performance in the Office of the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency of Sidenreng Rappang Regency with a percentage of the contribution of influence of 68.4%.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP DISIPLIN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA KANTOR KELURAHAN BARANTI KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Asmawati Andi
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the Implementation of Government Policy on the Discipline of State Civil Apparatus in the Village Office in Baranti District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The sampling technique used a saturated sampling technique with a total sample of 23 people. The technique of collecting data uses observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies. Quantitative data analysis techniques used are frequency tabulation analysis and simple regression analysis with the help of SPSS 16.0 for windows and Likert Scale programs.Based on the results of the questionnaire, the recapitulation of the variable implementation of government policy was obtained, measured through appropriate policy indicators, appropriate implementers, right targets, right environment, and appropriate processes, 41% included in the "good enough" category. The recapitulation of the disciplinary variables of the state civil apparatus is measured through indicators of time discipline, regulatory discipline, responsibility discipline, 33% included in the "less good" category. Based on the results of processed simple regression analysis using SPSS 16.0 for windows, the Model Summary obtained avalue of 41% with the category "good enough".
PERANAN KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA DESA TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK SENGKETA TANAH DI DESA CEMBA KECAMATAN ENREKANG
Authors: Ismail Irfan Nopandi , Razak Muhammad Rais Rahmat
Published: February 2021

Abstract 

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the village head's leadership in resolving the tana dispute conflict in Cemba village, Kec. Enrekang, Enrekang district. The type and type of this study used descriptive quantitative, the population in this study were all Cemba villagers as many as 1,875 people, and the sample of this study was 95 people. Data collection techniques carried out in this study were using techniques (1) observation, (2) questionnaires, (3) literature study. The collected data were then analyzed using frequency tables using a Likert scale and with the help of SPSS.The results of this study indicate that the leadership role of the Village Head in Cemba Village is 48.4% or categorized as Good enough, the way the land dispute conflict resolution in Cemba Village is 44.34% or categorized as Good enough, and based on research results can be concluded from the summary table results that there is a significant influence between the role of leadership of the Village Chief in resolving land dispute conflicts of 49.7% or categorized as Good enough.
TINJAUAN PELAKSANAAN PENYUSUTAN BERKAS REKAM MEDIS INAKTIF DI RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS JIWA SOEPRAPTO BENGKULU
Authors: Hermansyah Yoki
Published: February 2021

Berdasarkan observasi secara langsung di Rumah Sakit Khusus Jiwa Soeprapto Bengkulu Berkas rekam medis telah banyak yang menumpuk di rak filling, sehingga dilakukan penyusutan dan akan melakukan pemusnahan berkas rekam medis inaktif.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Gambaran Pelaksanaan Penyusutan Berkas Rekam Medis Inaktif Di Rumah Sakit Khusus Jiwa Soeprapto Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Deskriptif, Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1000 Berkas Rekam Medis Inaktif di, sampel sebanyak 285 BRM Inaktif dengan teknik pengambilan Non Probality sampling dengan jenis Consecutive sampling. Menggunakan data sekunder, diolah secara univariat. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Januari Tahun 2016 di Rumah Sakit Khusus Jiwa Soeprapto Bengkulu, bertempat di ruang penyimpanan berkas rekam medis aktif dan inaktif. Hasil Penelitian, dari jumlah sampel yaitu 285 berkas rekam medis didapat 54 (18,9%) yang belum bisa disusutkan dan 231 (81,1%) sudah siap disusutkan karena jangka waktu nya sudah lebih dari 15 tahun. Pelaksanaan Persiapan prosedur pemusnahan belum sesuai karena tata cara nya belum terlaksana semua seperti pembentukan tim penilai dan pembuatan berita acara pemusnahan. Diharapkan SOP penyusutan di revisi, tersedia jadwal penyusutan, tersedia ruangan penyimpanan inaktif permanen, segera lengkapi persiapan pembuatan tim pemusnah dan berita acara pemusnahan, serta melakukan pemusnahan berkas inaktif yang tidak bernilai guna.