bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser Pointer–Induced Maculopathy: More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Mtanes Kamal , Mimouni Michael , Zayit-Soudry Shiri
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To describe the clinical findings in patients with laser-induced retinal injury.

Methods:

Consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary center between January 2014 and December 2015 following inadvertent ocular exposure to a laser pointer were included. Evaluation included a full ophthalmic examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Results:

Seven young patients (8 eyes) were identified. Their mean age was 18.7 years (median: 16 years; range: 12 to 36 years). In most cases, patients were exposed for several seconds to a 5-mW green laser. At presentation, all patients complained of a central/paracentral scotoma. Snellen best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation ranged from counting fingers to 6/6. In 5 eyes, a round, well-defined deep yellowish-orange discoloration at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium in the foveola, ranging from 150 to 350 μm in diameter, was noted on ophthalmoscopic examination. Additional findings were macular subhyaloid hemorrhage in 2 eyes and a full-thickness macular hole with cystoid macular edema in 1 eye. In all cases, baseline SD-OCT revealed disruption involving the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction/ellipsoid zone band, and extended toward the inner aspect of the retinal pigment epithelium band, ranging from focal interruption to extensive full-thickness macular hole. All patients received oral corticosteroid treatment with prednisone (0.5 to 1 mg/kg). Follow-up ranged between 2 and 12 months. Over time, improvement in visual acuity to 6/8 and 6/6 was noted in all eyes but one, which remained poor at counting fingers from 2 meters. The visual improvement was associated with complete or near-complete restoration of the integrity of macular structure noted on SDOCT.

Conclusions:

Commercial handheld laser pointers may inflict notable macular injury and damage vision permanently. Although good visual recovery was often noted, access to commercially available laser devices is potentially hazardous, especially to minors, and public awareness should be raised.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(5):312-318.]
Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards with dominant Salix serpillifolia in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) / Fitocenološka analiza alpinskih trat s prevladujočo timijanovolistno vrbo (Salix serpillifolia) v Julijskih Alpah (...)
Authors: Dakskobler Igor
Published: June 2018

In the alpine belt of the Julian Alps (Mts. Kukova Špica, Triglav, Pihavec, Razor, Jalovec, Mangart and Lopa) we conducted a phytosociological analysis of swards on ledges, ridges and rock faces with dominant Salix serpillifolia. These sites are typically relatively moist and the snow cover there is usually very persistent, despite their location on or just below ridges. In terms of species composition the studied community is transitional between snow-bed communities of the order Arabidetalia caeruleae and communities of windward ridges from the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion that we classify into the class Elyno-Seslerietea. Based on the analysis of proportions of diagnostic species we classify the studied community into the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion and into the new eastern-Alpine association Gentiano pumilae-Salicetum serpillifoliae. In the article we also provide a slightly modified phytosociological table of another alpine community in the Julian Alps, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae. Key words: alpine swards, phytosociology, synsystematics, Salix serpillifolia, Oxytropido-Elynion, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae, Julian Alps, Slovenia, Italy V alpinskem pasu Julijskih Alp (Kukova špica, Triglav, Pihavec, Razor, Jalovec, Mangart in Lopa) smo fitocenološko preučili združbo blazinastih trat na policah, grebenih in v ostenjih, kjer prevladuje vrsta Salix serpillifolia. Značilnost teh rastišč je, da so razmeroma vlažna in se na njih kljub legi na grebenih ali tik pod njimi navadno precej dolgo zadržuje snežna odeja. Po vrstni sestavi je preučena združba prehodna med združbami snežnih dolinic iz reda Arabidetalia caeruleae in združbami vetrovnih grebenov iz zveze Oxytropido-Elynion, pri čemer to zvezo uvrščamo v razred Elyno-Seslerietea. Preučeno združbo na podlagi analize deležev diagnostičnih vrst uvrščamo v zvezo Oxytropido-Elynion in v novo vzhodnoalpsko asociacijo Gentiano pumilae-Salicetum serpillifoliae. V članku objavljamo tudi nekoliko popravljeno fitocenološko tabelo še ene alpinske združbe Julijskih Alp, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae. Ključne besede: alpinska trata, fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Salix serpillifolia, Oxytropido-Elynion, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae, Julijske Alpe, Slovenija, Italija
The Execution of the Saulides according to Josephus
Authors: Begg Christopher
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo analiza el relato de la ejecución de los hijos de Saúl descrita por Josefo en Antigüedades 7.294-297 en relación con su fuente bíblica de 2 Sam 21,1-14, (según el TM, el ms. Vaticano y los mss. luciánicos/antioquenos, y el Targum Yonatán para los profetas primeros) y en relación también con el tratamiento rabínico del episodio. El estudio muestra claramente que, a pesar de su brevedad, el pasaje ofrece ejemplos de las técnicas empleadas por Josefo para reescribir las narraciones bíblicas que merecen ser puestos de relieve y también es un exponente del cuidado e intención deliberada con que este autor lleva a cabo su propia versión de la historia de Israel.
Tudela y Lucena
Authors: Lacave José L.
Published: June 2018

Unas reflexiones del autor sobre la aparición del nombre de Alisana (Lucena) en documentos hebreos de Navarra le llevan a la conclusión de que Tudela fue llamada Lucena por los judíos originarios de la ilustre judería andaluza que se establecieron en la ciudad navarra.
Nuevos hitos en la arqueología de Canaán. VI campaña de excavaciones en Tel Hatsor
Authors: Rubiato Díaz M.ª Teresa
Published: June 2018

La VI campaña de excavaciones arqueológicas en Tel Hatsor (1995) ha deparado importantes hallazgos que contribuyen al esclarecimiento de la historia de la ciudad en los períodos cananeo e israelita: en el plano arquitectónico, uno de los más grandes edificios públicos israelitas del siglo VIII a. C. e importantes estructuras de carácter cúltico y palaciego del Bronce Último cananeo, y entre los hallazgos materiales, el ídolo cananeo de mayor tamaño conocido y otras piezas de estatuaria cananea.
El ascenso sociopolítico de los judeo-conversos en la Castilla del siglo XVI. El ejemplo de la familia Beltrán en Soria
Authors: Diago Hernando Máximo
Published: June 2018

Se analiza el proceso de integración y ascenso social y político de la familia de un judío soriano convertido al cristianismo después de un breve exilio en Portugal en 1492. Se sigue la trayectoria de cuatro generaciones de esta familia, dando cuenta, entre otros aspectos, de las actividades económicas desempeñadas por sus distintos miembros, de sus actitudes hacia la religión cristiana, y de su política de concertación de matrimonios. Se demuestra que su incorporación al grupo oligárquico soriano fue temprana y vino facilitada por su rápido enriquecimiento durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Finalmente se advierte cómo asumieron pronto los ideales y el modo de vida de la nobleza castellana, realizando importantes inversiones en compras de tierras y señoríos.
Notas sobre una sinagoga de Zaragoza, la de «Alhaquim»
Authors: Marin Padilla Encarnación
Published: June 2018

La autora da noticia del hallazgo de un documento del Archivo de Protocolos Notariales de Zaragoza, en el que se alude a las sucesivas ventas de parte de una sinagoga de la ciudad, la de «Alhaquim», cuyo último propietario fue el converso Leonardo de la Caballería. Dichas ventas se testificaron ante dos notarios, el judío Sento Gallipapa y el cristiano Pedro Latallada, en el año 1433.
La comunidad sefardí de Salónica después de las guerras balcánicas (1912-1913)
Authors: Morcillo Matilde
Published: June 2018

El hundimiento del Imperio otomano y el resurgimiento de la nueva Grecia al finalizar las guerras balcánicas en 1913 trajeron consigo numerosos problemas con los que se tuvo que enfrentar el colectivo sefardí de Salónica tras la incorporación de esta ciudad a Grecia. Nos ocupamos aquí: 1) de las difíciles y tensas relaciones de convivencia entre sefardíes y griegos; 2) del reconocimiento de los judíos salonicenses como súbditos españoles; y 3) del deseo de los sefardíes de conservar el judeoespañol y perfeccionar el conocimiento del español.
Les listes marginales de la ´oḵlah de Halle
Authors: Ognibeni Bruno
Published: June 2018

Este artículo es un suplemento a las ediciones de F. Díaz Esteban (Sefer ´okhlah we´okhlah, Madrid 1975) y de B. Ognibeni (La seconda parte del sefer 'oklah we'oklah, Madrid-Fribourg 1995). En él se transcriben y se descifran 241 listas masoréticas copiadas en los márgenes del manuscrito de Halle Y b 4º 10. Aunque no forman parte del 'oḵlah we 'oḵlah como tal, estas listas son interesantes para los estudiosos de la masora. Junto a cada lista se encuentra la indicación de los paralelos en otras fuentes masoréticas (ben Hayyim, Ginsburg, Weil, Löwinger, Breuer, códice del Cairo). El artículo concluye con el elenco de los títulos de las listas y el índice de los versículos bíblicos.
Ménager le droit à la vie privée entre anonymat et connaissance de l’identité
Authors: Musiani Francesca
Published: June 2018

Malgré leur succès auprès des internautes d’aujourd’hui, les outils de réseautage social font l’objet de plusieurs controverses quant aux usages que leurs administrateurs font des données privées des utilisateurs. De nombreux projets et applications proposent aujourd’hui des alternatives décentralisées à ces services, notamment au moyen de la technologie pair-à-pair (P2P). On retrace et analyse ici les débuts des applications au croisement entre réseaux P2P et réseaux sociaux, en discutant plus particulièrement des manières dont elles préfigurent des modifications dans la gestion du droit à la vie privée des utilisateurs, en se servant à la fois de l’anonymat et de la connaissance de l’identité – aspects qui sont généralement reconduits avec le P2P et les réseaux sociaux, respectivement – selon les différentes fonctionnalités et couches de l’application.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Contribute to Susceptibility to Trypanosoma congolense Infection by Suppressing CD4+ T Cell Proliferation and IFN-γ Production
Authors: Onyilagha Chukwunonso , Kuriakose Shiby , Ikeogu Nnamdi , Jia Ping , Uzonna Jude
Published: June 2018

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow–derived myeloid cells that have immune-suppressive activities. These cells have been reported to suppress T cell immunity against tumors as well as in some parasitic and bacterial infections. However, their role during Trypanosoma congolense infection has not been studied. Given that immunosuppression is a hallmark of African trypanosomiasis, we investigated the role of MDSCs in immunity to T. congolense infection. We found increased numbers of MDSCs in the spleen and liver of infected mice, which correlated with increased parasitemia. Depletion of MDSCs significantly increased the percentage of proliferating and IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells from the spleen of T. congolense–infected mice. Furthermore, MDSCs from T. congolense–infected mice directly suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in a coculture setting. This suppressive effect was abolished by the arginase-1 inhibitor, Nω-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA), indicating that MDSCs suppress CD4+ T cell proliferation and function in an arginase-1–dependent manner. Indeed, depletion of MDSCs during infection led to control of the first wave of parasitemia and prolonged survival of infected mice. This was also associated with increased CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. Taken together, our findings identify an important role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of experimental T. congolense infection via suppression of T cell proliferative and effector cytokine responses in an arginase-1–dependent manner.
A Finnish model of teacher education informs a South African one: A teaching school as a pedagogical laboratory
Authors: Loukomies Anni , Petersen Nadine , Lavonen Jari
Published: June 2018

In this study, we examined student teachers’ learning during their teaching placement period in Finland and South Africa. The setting of the inquiry in both countries was a ‘teaching’ school, affiliated to a university teacher education programme. The teaching school is also referred to as an educational innovation that was transferred from the Finnish context to the South African context. Data were collected through an interview protocol. The findings show that the students, like many of their counterparts in different parts of the world, focused on teaching tools and methods as well as classroom management as a gateway to their teaching career. The extended teaching placement period at both the university teaching schools was expected to yield some findings about the intersection of teaching practice and its supporting theories because of the close collaboration of the schools and the universities. Some of the findings satisfied this expectation while other parts did not, confirming that initial teacher education may be regarded as a platform for learning to be teachers, but it has its own limits even in a pedagogical ‘laboratory’. The transfer of the educational innovation was regarded as successful.
Skeletal, Dentoalveolar, and Periodontal Changes of Skeletally Matured Patients with Maxillary Deficiency Treated with Microimplant-assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Appliances: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ngan Peter , Nguyen Uyen Kelly , Nguyen Tung , Tremont Timothy , Martin Chris
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has recently been offered to adult patients for correcting maxillary transverse deficiency. However, there is limited information in the literature on the success of this appliance and its skeletal and dental effects on skeletally matured patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal response to MARPE appliance using cone-beam computed tomography in a skeletally matured patient as assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation method.

Materials and Methods

Eight consecutively treated patients (2 females, 6 males; mean age of 21.9 ± 1.5 years) treated with a maxillary skeletal expander were included in the study. Measurements were taken before and after expansion to determine the amount of midpalatal suture opening, upper facial bony expansion, alveolar bone bending, dental tipping, and buccal bone thickness (BBT). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and matched-pair t-test (α = 0.05).

Results

Midpalatal suture separation was found in 100% of the patients with no dislodged microimplants. Total maxillary expansion was attributed to 41% skeletal, 12% alveolar bone bending, and 48% dental tipping. Pattern of midpalatal suture opening was found to be parallel in both the coronal and axial planes. On average, the absolute dental tipping ranged from 4.17° to 4.96° and the BBT was reduced by an average of 39% measured at the premolars and molars.

Conclusions

The MARPE appliance can be a clinically acceptable, nonsurgical treatment option for correcting mild to moderate maxillary transverse discrepancies for skeletally matured adult patients with a healthy periodontium.
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis from a tertiary care referral center
Authors: Gupta V , Jain A , Aggarwal A
Published: June 2018

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a little known autoinflammatory bone disorder primarily affecting children and sometimes young adults. Diagnosis is often delayed due to its varied and nonspecific initial symptoms. Very few cases are reported from India. The aim of this report is to increase the awareness of this disease among physicians, orthopedic surgeons, and rheumatologists. Four male patients were diagnosed with CNO in the past 3 years. The age at onset varied from 9 to 23 years with a median diagnostic delay of 3.5 years. All patients presented with recurrent bony pain with or without localized swelling over the affected bones. Two patients had previously undergone open surgical procedures with bone biopsies and three patients had received at least one course of antibiotics. Two patients responded well to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone, one patient required a short course of glucocorticoids, and another patient required methotrexate to control disease activity. This case series includes males, onset at a relatively later age in most, and a longer diagnostic delay. Thus, in addition to children and adolescents, CNO should be suspected in young adults presenting with recurrent bony pain with or without localized swelling.
A Fokker–Planck control framework for stochastic systems
Authors: Annunziato Mario , Borzì Alfio
Published: June 2018

A new framework for the optimal control of probability density functions (PDF) of stochastic processes is reviewed. This framework is based on Fokker–Planck (FP) partial differential equations that govern the time evolution of the PDF of stochastic systems and on control objectives that may require to follow a given PDF trajectory or to minimize an expectation functional.

Corresponding to different stochastic processes, different FP equations are obtained. In particular, FP equations of parabolic, fractional parabolic, integro parabolic, and hyperbolic type are discussed. The corresponding optimization problems are deterministic and can be formulated in an open-loop framework and within a closed-loop model predictive control strategy. The connection between the Dynamic Programming scheme given by the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and the FP control framework is discussed. Under appropriate assumptions, it is shown that the two strategies are equivalent. Some applications of the FP control framework to different models are discussed and its extension in a mean-field framework is elucidated.
Surface impacts of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Gray Lesley J. , Anstey James A. , Kawatani Yoshio , Lu Hua , Osprey Scott , Schenzinger Verena
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Teleconnections between the Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the Northern
Hemisphere zonally averaged zonal winds, mean sea level pressure (mslp) and
tropical precipitation are explored. The standard approach that defines the
QBO using the equatorial zonal winds at a single pressure level is compared
with the empirical orthogonal function approach that
characterizes the vertical
profile of the equatorial winds. Results are interpreted in terms of three
potential routes of influence, referred to as the tropical, subtropical and
polar routes. A novel technique is introduced to separate responses via the
polar route that are associated with the stratospheric polar vortex, from the
other two routes. A previously reported mslp response in January, with a
pattern that resembles the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation
under QBO westerly conditions, is confirmed and found to be primarily
associated with a QBO modulation of the stratospheric polar vortex. This
mid-winter response is relatively insensitive to the exact height of the
maximum QBO westerlies and a maximum positive response occurs with westerlies
over a relatively deep range between 10 and 70 hPa. Two additional mslp
responses are reported, in early winter (December) and late winter
(February/March). In contrast to the January response the early and late
winter responses show maximum sensitivity to the QBO winds at ∼ 20 and
∼ 70 hPa respectively, but are relatively insensitive to the QBO winds
in between (∼ 50 hPa). The late winter response is centred over the
North Pacific and is associated with QBO influence from the lowermost
stratosphere at tropical/subtropical latitudes in the Pacific sector. The
early winter response consists of anomalies over both the North Pacific and
Europe, but the mechanism for this response is unclear. Increased
precipitation occurs over the tropical western Pacific under westerly QBO
conditions, particularly during boreal summer, with maximum sensitivity to
the QBO winds at 70 hPa. The band of precipitation across the Pacific
associated with the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts southward
under QBO westerly conditions. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF)-based
analysis suggests that this ITCZ precipitation response may be particularly
sensitive to the vertical wind shear in the vicinity of 70 hPa and hence the
tropical tropopause temperatures.
Reactive bromine in the low troposphere of Antarctica: estimations at two research sites
Authors: Prados-Roman Cristina , Gómez-Martín Laura , Puentedura Olga , Navarro-Comas Mónica , Iglesias Javier , de Mingo José Ramón , Pérez Manuel , Ochoa Héctor , Barlasina María Elena , Carbajal Gerardo , Yela Margarita
Published: June 2018

Abstract. For decades, reactive halogen species (RHSs) have been the subject of detailed
scientific research due to their influence on the oxidizing capacity of the
atmosphere and on the climate. From the RHSs, those containing bromine are of
particular interest in the polar troposphere as a result of their link to
ozone-depletion events (ODEs) and to the perturbation of the cycle of toxic mercury, for example. Given its remoteness and related limited accessibility
compared to the Arctic region, the RHSs in the Antarctic troposphere are still
poorly characterized. This work presents ground-based observations of
tropospheric BrO from two different Antarctic locations: Marambio Base
(64∘13′ S, 56∘37′ W) and Belgrano II Base
(77∘52′ S, 34∘7′ W) during the sunlit
period of 2015. By means of MAX-DOAS (Multi-axis Differential Optical
Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements of BrO performed from the two research
sites, the seasonal variation in this reactive trace gas is described along
with its vertical and geographical distribution in the Antarctic environment.
Results show an overall vertical profile of BrO mixing ratio decreasing with
altitude, with a median value of 1.6 pmol mol−1 in the lowest layers
of the troposphere. Additionally, observations show that the polar sunrise
triggers a geographical heterogeneous increase in bromine content in the
Antarctic troposphere yielding a maximum BrO at Marambio (26 pmol mol−1), amounting to 3-fold the values observed at Belgrano at dawn.
Data presented herein are combined with previous studies and ancillary data
to update and expand our knowledge of the geographical and vertical
distribution of BrO in the Antarctic troposphere, revealing Marambio as one
of the locations with the highest BrO reported so far in Antarctica. Furthermore,
the observations gathered during 2015 serve as a proxy to investigate the
budget of reactive bromine (BrOx = Br + BrO) and the
bromine-mediated ozone loss rate in the Antarctic troposphere.
Impact of urban canopy meteorological forcing on aerosol
concentrations
Authors: Huszar Peter , Belda Michal , Karlický Jan , Bardachova Tatsiana , Halenka Tomas , Pisoft Petr
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The regional climate model RegCM4 extended with the land-surface model CLM4.5 was coupled to the chemistry transport model CAMx to analyze the impact of urban meteorological forcing on the surface fine aerosol (PM2.5) concentrations for summer conditions over the 2001–2005 period focusing on the area of Europe. Starting with the analysis of the meteorological modifications caused by urban canopy forcing we found significant increases of urban surface temperatures (up to 2–3 K), decrease of specific humidity (by up to 0.4–0.6 g/kg) reduction of wind speed (up to −1 m/s) and enhancement of vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient (up to 60–70 m2/s). These modifications translated into significant changes in surface aerosol concentrations that were calculated by cascading experimental approach. First, none of the urban meteorological effects were considered. Than, the temperature effect was added, than the humidity, the wind and finally, the enhanced turbulence was considered in the chemical runs. This facilitated the understanding of the underlying processes acting to modify urban aerosol concentrations. Moreover, we looked at the impact of the individual aerosol components as well. The urban induced temperature changes resulted in decreases of PM2.5 by −1.5 to −2 μg/m3, while decreased urban winds resulted in increases by 1–2 μg/m3. The enhanced turbulence over urban areas results in decreases of PM2.5 by −2 μg/m3. The combined effect of all individual impact depends on the competition between the partial impacts and can reach up to −3 μg/m3 for some cities, especially were the temperature impact was stronger in magnitude than the wind impact. The effect of changed humidity was found to be minor. The main contributor to the temperature impact is the modification of secondary inorganic aerosols, mainly nitrates, while the wind and turbulence impact is most pronounced in case of primary aerosol (primary black and organic carbon and other fine particle matter). The overall as well as individual impacts on secondary organic aerosol is very small with the increased turbulence acting as the main driver. The analysis of the vertical extend of the aerosol changes showed that the perturbations caused by urban canopy forcing, besides being large near the surface, have a secondary maximum for turbulence and wind impact over higher model levels, which is attributed to the vertical extend of the changes in turbulence over urban areas. The validation of model data with measurements showed good agreement and we could detect a clear model improvement at some areas when including the urban canopy meteorological effects in our chemistry simulations.
Primary emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from laboratory
measurements of open biomass burning
Authors: Zarzana Kyle J. , Selimovic Vanessa , Koss Abigail R. , Sekimoto Kanako , Coggon Matthew M. , Yuan Bin , Dubé William P. , Yokelson Robert J. , Warneke Carsten , de Gouw Joost A. , Roberts James M. , Brown Steven S.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We report the emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from the open burning of biomass during the NOAA-led 2016 FIREX intensive at the Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, MT. Both compounds were measured using cavity enhanced spectroscopy, which is both more sensitive and more selective than methods previously used to determine emissions of these two compounds. A total of 75 burns were conducted, using 33 different fuels in 8 different categories, providing a far more comprehensive dataset for emissions than was previously available. Measurements of methylglyoxal using our instrument suffer from spectral interferences from several other species, but methylglyoxal emissions could be constrained within roughly a factor of 2. Methylglyoxal emissions were 2–3 times higher than glyoxal emissions on a molar basis, in contrast to previous studies that report methylglyoxal emissions lower than glyoxal emissions. Methylglyoxal emission ratios for all fuels averaged 3.6 ± 2.4 ppbv methylglyoxal/ppmv CO, while emission factors averaged 0.66 ± 0.50 g methylglyoxal/kg fuel burned. Primary emissions of glyoxal from biomass burning were much lower than previous laboratory measurements, but consistent with recent measurements from aircraft. Glyoxal emission ratios for all fuels averaged 1.4 ± 0.7 ppbv glyoxal/ppmv CO, while emission factors averaged 0.20 ± 0.12 g glyoxal/kg fuel burned, values that are at least a factor of 4 lower than assumed in previous estimates of the global glyoxal budget. While there was significant variability in the glyoxal emission ratios and factors between the different fuel groups, glyoxal and formaldehyde were highly correlated during the course of any given fire, and the ratio of glyoxal to formaldehyde, RGF, was consistent across many different fuel types, with an average value of 0.068 ± 0.018. While RGF values for fresh emissions were consistent across many fuel types, further work is required to determine how this value changes as the emissions age.
A comprehensive organic nitrate chemistry: insights into the lifetime
of atmospheric organic nitrates
Authors: Zare Azimeh , Romer Paul S. , Nguyen Tran , Keutsch Frank N. , Skog Kate , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Organic nitrate chemistry is the primary control over the lifetime of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in rural and remote continental locations. As NOx emissions decrease, organic nitrate chemistry becomes increasingly important to urban air quality. However, the lifetime of individual organic nitrates and the reactions that lead to their production and removal remain relatively poorly constrained, causing organic nitrates to be poorly represented by models. Guided by recent laboratory and field studies, we developed a detailed gas phase chemical mechanism representing most of the important individual organic nitrates. We use this mechanism within the WRF-Chem model to describe the role of organic nitrates in nitrogen oxide chemistry and in comparisons to observations. We find the daytime lifetime of total organic nitrates with respect to all loss mechanisms to be 2.6 h in the model. This is consistent with analyses of observations at a rural site in central Alabama during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer 2013. The lifetime of the first-generation organic nitrates is ~ 2 h versus the 3.2 h lifetime of secondary nitrates produced by oxidation of the first-generation nitrates. The different generations are subject to different losses, with dry deposition to the surface dominant loss process for the second-generation organic nitrates, and chemical loss dominant for the first-generation organic nitrates. Removal by hydrolysis is found to be responsible for the loss of ~ 30 % of the total organic nitrate pool.
Evaluation of Windsond S1H2 performance in Kumasi during the 2016 DACCIWA field campaign
Authors: Bessardon Geoffrey E. Q. , Fosu-Amankwah Kwabena , Petersson Anders , Brooks Barbara J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Sparv Embedded, Sweden (http://windsond.com) has answered the call for less expensive but accurate reusable radiosondes by producing the Windsond S1H2. To evaluate the performance of the S1H2, in-flight comparisons between the Vaisala RS41-SG and Windsond S1H2 were performed during the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project (FP7/2007–2013) ground campaign at the Kumasi Agromet supersite (6°40′45.76″ N, 1°33′36.50″ W) inside the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana campus. The results suggest a good correlation between the RS41-SG and S1H2 data, the main difference lying in the GPS signal processing and the humidity response time at a cloud top. Reproducibility tests show that there is no major performance degradation arising from S1H2 sonde re-use.
Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics in temperate
forests using Yasso07
Authors: Mao Zhun , Derrien Delphine , Didion Markus , Liski Jari , Eglin Thomas , Nicolas Manuel , Jonard Mathieu , Saint-André Laurent
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Facing global changes, modeling and predicting the dynamics of soil carbon stock of forest ecosystems is vital but challenging work. Yasso07 is considered as one of the most promising models for such a purpose. We aim at examining the prediction accuracy of Yasso07 on soil carbon dynamics over the whole French metropolitan territory at a decennial time scale. We used the dataset from 101 RENECOFOR sites network, which encompass most of the French temperate forests. The data include (i) measured yearly litter quantity from aboveground organs part from 1994 to 2008, and soil carbon stocks twice at an interval of ca. 15 years (early 1990s versus around 2010). Using Yasso07, we simulated the stock changes (t C ha−1 yr−1) per site and compared them with the measured ones. We carried out meta-analyses to reveal the variability in litter biochemistry between different tree organs for conifers and broadleaves. We also performed sensitivity analyses to explore Yasso07’s sensitivity to inputs, including litter carbon quality and initial carbon stocks. At the national level, the simulated annual carbon stock changes (ACC, +0.45 ± 0.09 t C ha−1 year−1, mean ± standard error) stayed in the same order of magnitude with the observed ones (+0.34 ± 0.06 t C ha−1 year−1). The correlation between predicted and measured ACC remained weak (R²
Dispersal distances and migration rates at the arctic treeline in Siberia – a genetic and simulation based study
Authors: Kruse Stefan , Gerdes Alexander , Kath Nadja J. , Epp Laura S. , Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Pestryakova Luidmila A. , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A strong temperature increase in the Arctic is expected to lead to latitudinal treeline shift. This tundra-taiga turnover would cause a positive vegetation-climate feedback due to albedo decrease. However, reliable estimates of tree migration rates are currently lacking due to the complex processes involved in forest establishment, which depend strongly on seed dispersal. We aim to fill this gap using LAVESI, an individual-based and spatially explicit Larix vegetation simulator. LAVESI was designed to simulate plots within homogeneous forests. Here, we improve the implementation of the seed dispersal function via field-based investigations. We inferred the effective seed dispersal distances of a typical open forest stand on the southern Taymyr Peninsula (north-central Siberia) from genetic parentage analysis using eight highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. The parentage analysis gives effective seed dispersal distances (median ~ 10 m) close to the seed parents. A comparison between simulated and observed effective seed dispersal distances reveals an overestimation of recruits close to the releasing tree and a shorter dispersal distance generally. We thus adapted our model and used it to simulate south-to-north transects: a slow-moving treeline front was revealed. The colonisation of the tundra areas was assisted by occasional long-distance seed dispersal events beyond the treeline area. The treeline (~ 1 tree ha−1) advanced by ~ 1.6 m yr−1, whereas the forest line (~ 100 trees ha−1) advanced by only ~ 0.6 m yr−1. We conclude that the treeline in north-central Siberia currently lags behind the current strong warming and will continue to lag in the near future.
Uniform grain-size distribution in the active layer of a shallow, gravel-bed, braided river (the Urumqi River, China) and implications for paleo-hydrology
Authors: Guerit Laure , Barrier Laurie , Liu Youcun , Narteau Clément , Lajeunesse Eric , Gayer Eric , Métivier François
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The grain-size distribution of ancient alluvial systems is commonly determined from surface samples of vertically exposed sections of gravel deposits. This method relies on the hypothesis that the grain-size distribution obtained from a vertical cross-section is equivalent to that of the river bed. We report a field test of this hypothesis on samples collected on an active, gravel-bed, braided stream: the Urumqi River in China. We compare data from volumetric samples of a trench excavated in an active thread and surface counts performed on the trench vertical faces. We show that the grain-size distributions obtained from all samples are similar and that the deposit is uniform at the scale of the river active layer, a layer extending from the surface to a depth of approximately ten times the size of the largest clasts.
Impacts of a large flood along a mountain river basin: unravelling the geomorphic response and large wood budget in the upper Emme River (Switzerland)
Authors: Ruiz-Villanueva Virginia , Badoux Alexandre , Rickenmann Dieter , Böckli Martin , Schläfli Salome , Steeb Nicolas , Stoffel Markus , Rickli Christian
Published: June 2018

Abstract. On July 24, 2014, an exceptionally large flood (recurrence interval ca. 150 years) caused large-scale inundations, severe overbank sedimentation and damage to infrastructures and buildings along the Emme river (central Switzerland). Widespread lateral bank erosion occurred along the river, thereby entraining sediment and large wood (LW) from alluvial forest stands. This work analyses the catchment response to the flood in terms of channel widening and LW recruitment and deposition, but also identifies the factors controlling these processes. We found that hydraulic forces (e.g., stream power index) or geomorphic variables (e.g., channel width, gradient, valley confinement), if considered alone, are not sufficient to explain the flood response. Instead, spatial variability of channel widening was firstly driven by precipitation, and secondary by geomorphic variables (e.g., channel width, gradient, confinement and forest length). LW recruitment was mainly caused by channel widening (lateral bank erosion) and thus also controlled by precipitation. In contrast, LW deposition was controlled by channel morphology (mainly channel gradient and width). However, we also observed that extending the analysis to the whole upper catchment of the Emme river, including all the tributaries and not only to the most affected zones, resulted in a different set of significant explanatory or correlated variables. Our findings highlight the need to continue documenting and analysing channel response after floods at different locations and scales. Whereas this is key for a better process understanding, the identification of controlling factors can also contribute to the identification of critical reaches, which in turn is crucial for the forecasting and design of sound river basin management strategies.
Global assessment of rural–urban interface in Portugal related to land cover changes
Authors: Tonini Marj , Parente Joana , Pereira Mário G.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The rural–urban interface (RUI), known as the area where structures and other human developments meet or intermingle with wildland and rural area, is at present a central focus of wildfire policy and its mapping is crucial for wildfire management. In the Mediterranean Basin, humans cause the vast majority of fires and fire risk is particularly high in the proximity of infrastructure and of rural/wildland areas. RUI's extension changes under the pressure of environmental and anthropogenic factors, such as urban growth, fragmentation of rural areas, deforestation and, more in general, land use/land cover change (LULCC). As with other Mediterranean countries, Portugal has experienced significant LULCC in the last decades in response to migration, rural abandonment, ageing of population and trends associated with the high socioeconomic development. In the present study, we analyzed the LULCC occurring in this country in the 1990–2012 period with the main objective of investigating how these changes affected RUI's evolution. Moreover, we performed a qualitative and quantitative characterization of burnt areas within the RUI in relation to the observed changes. Obtained results disclose important LULCC and reveal their spatial distribution, which is far from uniform within the territory. A significant increase in artificial surfaces was registered near the main metropolitan communities of the northwest, littoral-central and southern regions, whilst the abandonment of agricultural land near the inland urban areas led to an increase in uncultivated semi-natural and forest areas. Within agricultural areas, heterogeneous patches suffered the greatest changes and were the main contributors to the increase in urban areas; moreover, this land cover class, together with forests, was highly affected by wildfires in terms of burnt area. Finally, from this analysis and during the investigated period, it appears that RUI increased in Portugal by more than two-thirds, while the total burnt area decreased by one-third; nevertheless, burnt area within RUI doubled, which emphasizes the significance of RUI monitoring for land and fire managers.
Máx Vollmberg: impresiones de un viaje
Authors: Rivas Ramón D.
Published: June 2018

El jueves 15 del corriente mes en el Museo Universitario de Antropología, MUA de esta casa se estudió se inauguró exposición temporal titulada “Máx Vollmberg. Impresiones de un viaje”. Comparto un resumen de la Presentación que he hecho en esa ocasión.“Es una de las exposiciones donde el naturalismo, realismo e impresionismo se conjugan para presentar la realidad de la campiña salvadoreña.Se trata de la obra de Máx Vollmberg, el pintor de origen alemán que vino a nuestras tierras para recrear con talento y mucho profesionalismo, la realidad salvadoreña, y de ello su paisaje natural y humano, es decir; una buena parte la identidad que caracterizaba a la gente de esta parte del mundo. Y digo caracterizaba por el hecho de que la identidad es un elemento indisoluble de la cultura y la cultura se transforma, así, lo que hoy es, en diez o quince años tiene, o muestra, otra connotación.Revista de Museología "Kóot" No.9 2018: 114-118
Reflexões sobre o PROCAMPO – Programa de Apoio à Formação Superior em Licenciatura em Educação do Campo
Authors: Bicalho Ramofly
Published: June 2018

O presente texto fruto das pesquisas realizadas em educao do campo na estreita articulao com os movimentos sociais, numa perspectiva histrica e emancipadora, desenvolvida no Ps-Doutorado em Educao da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Nosso objetivo central foi compreender o Programa de Apoio Formao Superior em Licenciatura em Educao do Campo PROCAMPO, enquanto poltica pblica especfica de educao do campo, oriunda das mobilizaes dos movimentos sociais. A pesquisa documental foi desenvolvida, predominantemente, em acervos bibliogrficos. Utilizamos entre as fontes de investigao, legislaes, portarias, decretos e referenciais tericos sobre educao do campo nos movimentos sociais. Apoiamo-nos numa perspectiva sociolgica de investigao e explicao dos processos sociais de participao dos sujeitos camponeses, enquanto, seres histricos e culturais. Os resultados mostram que o PROCAMPO contribui para formao poltico-pedaggica dos educadores nas escolas do campo, respeitando-se os valores da solidariedade e da tica presentes na luta pela terra.
O ensino médio no Brasil: universalização do acesso e condições de trabalho
Authors: Costa Gilvan Luiz Machado
Published: June 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo compreender os limites e as perspectivas universalizao do acesso e as condies de trabalho dos professores no Ensino Mdio. Realizou-se a discusso com base em indicadores educacionais arrolados qualidade social, com destaque a Taxa de Frequncia Lquida e o Esforo Docente, e nas metas do Plano Nacional de Educao (2014-2024). A anlise dos dados explicita um contexto distante do proposto nas metas 3, 17 e 18 do referido Plano e evidencia desafios relacionados universalizao do acesso e s condies de trabalho do professor no Ensino Mdio. Sugere que o problema da qualidade social do Ensino Mdio no se resolver com a flexibilizao curricular proposta na Lei 13.415/2017. O salto de qualidade ser dado com a matrcula de todos os jovens, mormente os de 15 a 17 anos, na ltima etapa da Educao Bsica e a transformao da docncia numa profisso socialmente atraente.
Strengthening airfield pavements with cement concrete layers
Authors: Marszałek Jan , Gulańczyk Karolina , Muzolf Paweł
Published: June 2018

The paper presents original solutions and methodology for determining the thickness of cement concrete strengthening layers for repairing and upgrading existing flexible and rigid airfield pavements. Flow diagrams and nomograms for determining edge stress were developed. These are novel solutions which have not been presented in a similar form before now. After deriving the above relations, a method for the practical utilisation of the resulting monograms depending on the parameters of existing airfield pavement and properties of the cement concrete strengthening layer is presented. Preparing calculation-based charts using the derived equations will markedly shorten the procedure of selecting the thickness of cement concrete strengthening layers for existing flexible airfield pavements that require repair depending on the degree of their wear.
Keywords: rigid airfield pavement, flexible airfield pavement, pavement strengthening
A noção de pathos divino em Abraham J. Heschel - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p128
Authors: Almeida Edson Fernando
Published: June 2018

ResumoEste artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a noção de pathos divino no pensamento de Abraham J. Heschel. Foi a partir de uma abordagem fenomenológica da religião que Heschel encontrou um espaço de dignidade para o profetismo bíblico. Operando a partir dos pressupostos da crítica husserliana, Heschel descobriu no profeta bíblico alguém que compreende a si mesmo na situação de Deus, na preocupação divina, não nas ideias e conceitos que tenha a respeito de Deus. A tal situação Heschel chamou de pathos divino e a resposta a tal situação Heschel chamou de simpatia. A noção de pathos divino é o mais importante legado deixado pela filosofia da religião ou teologia profunda de Abraham Heschel.Palavras-Chave: Heschel. Pathos divino. Profetismo bíblico. Simpatia. AbstractThis article aims to present the notion of divine pathos in the thought of Abraham J. Heschel. It was from a phenomenological approach to religion that Heschel found a dignified space for biblical prophecy. Operating from the assumptions derived from Husserl's criticism, Heschel found in the biblical prophet someone who understands himself in God's situation, in the divine concern, not from ideas and concepts about God. This situation Heschel called the divine pathos and the answer to this situation Heschel called sympathy.The notion of divine pathos is the most important legacy of the philosophy of religion or profound theology of Abraham Joshua Heschel. Keywords: Heschel. Divine pathos. Biblical prophecy. Sympathy.
Experiência Mística: Identidade em Debate - DOI 10.5752/P.1983-2478.2014v10n17p25
Authors: Bingemer Maria Clara
Published: June 2018

ResumoNos dias em que vivemos, a experiência – exilada pela rigidez moderna a um status de alienação e dubiedade – volta a ocupar o lugar de frente no debate de ideias.  Essa volta, no entanto, não é isenta de problemas. Entre eles destaca-se  uma certa ambiguidade na compreensão do que seja esta experiência. Este texto procura refletir sobre a experiência mística.  Se a experiência volta ao centro dos interesses hoje, com a experiência mística sucede algo parecido.  E a experiência mística, portanto, busca sempre sua identidade em meio a várias formas de compreender-se e identificar-se. O texto procura descrevê-la como aquilo que é: algo eminentemente  humano.  Em seguida recorre a dois dos maiores teólogos do século XX, Karl Rahner e Hans Urs Von Balthasar, que escreveram sobre o tema.Palavras-Chave: Experiência mística. Karl Rahner. Hans Urs Von Balthasar. AbstractIn the days we live in, the experience - exiled by modern stiffness to a status of alienation and ambiguity - is back to the front place  in the debate of ideas. This return, however, is not without problems. Among them stands out a certain ambiguity in understanding what is experience. This text seeks to reflect on the mystical experience. If the experience is back to the focus of interest today, with the mystical experience happens something similar. And the mystical experience therefore always seeks its identity in the midst of several ways to understand and identify. The text seeks to describe it as what it is: something eminently human. Then reflects on the contribution oftwo of the greatest theologians of the twentieth century, Karl Rahner and Hans Urs von Balthasar, who wrote on the topic.Keywords: Mystical experience. Karl Rahner. Hans Urs Von Balthasar.