bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting house price index with social media sentiment: A decomposition–ensemble approach
Authors: Shao Jin , Yu Lean , Hong Jingke , Wang Xianzhu
Published: August 2024

Social media sentiment influences housing market trading and policy‐making in China. To explore the multiscale relationship between social media sentiment and house price index (HPI) and improve prediction performance, a sentiment‐based decomposition–ensemble approach is proposed for HPI forecasting. In this approach, five steps, that is, sentiment analysis for massive Weibo textual reviews about house prices, data decomposition for bivariate time series integrated by HPI and the sentiment index (SI), data smoothing for high‐frequency components, component reconstruction for all individual modes, and all components prediction and ensemble, are involved. For verification, the National‐level and two city‐level house price indices are used as the sample data. The empirical results illustrate that the proposed approach can achieve better performance than all considered benchmark models at multi‐step‐ahead prediction horizons, indicating that it can be used as an effective tool for HPI forecasting.
Pooled analysis of multiple sclerosis findings on multisite 7 Tesla MRI: Protocol and initial observations
Authors: Harrison Daniel M. , Choi Seongjin , Bakshi Rohit , Beck Erin S. , Callen Alexis M. , Chu Renxin , Silva Jonadab Dos Santos , Fetco Dumitru , Greenwald Matthew , Kolind Shannon , Narayanan Sridar , Okar Serhat V. , Quattrucci Molly K. , Reich Daniel S. , Rudko David , Russell‐Schulz Bretta , Schindler Matthew K. , Tauhid Shahamat , Traboulsee Anthony , Vavasour Zachary , Zurawski Jonathan D.
Published: August 2024

Although 7 T MRI research has contributed much to our understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, most prior data has come from small, single‐center studies with varying methods. In order to truly know if such findings have widespread applicability, multicenter methods and studies are needed. To address this, members of the North American Imaging in MS (NAIMS) Cooperative worked together to create a multicenter collaborative study of 7 T MRI in MS. In this manuscript, we describe the methods we have developed for the purpose of pooling together a large, retrospective dataset of 7 T MRIs acquired in multiple MS studies at five institutions. To date, this group has contributed five‐hundred and twenty‐eight 7 T MRI scans from 350 individuals with MS to a common data repository, with plans to continue to increase this sample size in the coming years. We have developed unified methods for image processing for data harmonization and lesion identification/segmentation. We report here our initial observations on intersite differences in acquisition, which includes site/device differences in brain coverage and image quality. We also report on the development of our methods and training of image evaluators, which resulted in median Dice Similarity Coefficients for trained raters' annotation of cortical and deep gray matter lesions, paramagnetic rim lesions, and meningeal enhancement between 0.73 and 0.82 compared to final consensus masks. We expect this publication to act as a resource for other investigators aiming to combine multicenter 7 T MRI datasets for the study of MS, in addition to providing a methodological reference for all future analysis projects to stem from the development of this dataset.
Predictive value of renal resistive index combined with plasma biomarkers of endothelial cell activation for persistent acute kidney injury in patients with septic shock
Authors: Chen Xiu‐Qing , Zhang Qi‐Jun , Lai Xiu‐Wei
Published: August 2024

Objective

To assess the predictive abilities of Doppler‐based resistive index and plasma biomarkers of endothelial cell activation in identifying persistent acute kidney injury (pAKI) among patients with septic shock.

Method

Patients diagnosed with septic shock were categorized into none AKI (n = 25), transient AKI (tAKI, n = 47), and pAKI (n = 48) groups. Kidney function parameters (urine output, serum creatinine, and serum urea) were measured within the initial 24 h upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The Doppler‐based resistive index, and the plasma biomarkers [fractalkine, soluble E‐Selectin (sE‐Selectin), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1)] were evaluated upon admission to the ICU.

Results

The predictive capacity of Doppler‐based resistive index for distinguishing pAKI at day 3 from none AKI/tAKI in septic shock patients was moderate, with sensitivity of 47.92% and specificity of 76.39%. Fractalkine levels displayed significant differences across groups and exhibited a favorable predictive ability for pAKI at day 3 (AUC = 0.800), while sE‐Selectin and sICAM‐1 showed moderate predictive abilities (AUC = 0.636 and 0.634, respectively). Comparative analysis of predictive models demonstrated that incorporating kidney function parameters, Doppler‐based resistive index, and plasma biomarkers yielded the highest AUC of 0.903, followed closely by the model utilizing serum creatinine, urine output, and plasma fractalkine, with an AUC of 0.896.

Conclusion

Integrating kidney function parameters, along with Doppler‐based resistive index and plasma biomarkers of endothelial cell activation, yielded the strongest predictive model for pAKI. Additionally, the combination of serum creatinine, urine output, and plasma fractalkine shows promise in risk assessment and management strategies for pAKI.
Association between diabetes, obesity, and quality of life in preoperative patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mizoguchi Yasuaki , Akasaka Kiyokazu , Suzuki Kenta , Kimura Fumihiko , Hall Toby , Ogihara Satoshi
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a debilitating condition characterized by compression of the cervical spinal cord, leading to neurological deficits. This study aimed to investigate the association between comorbidities like diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity and quality of life (QOL) in preoperative patients with DCM, and to examine the distribution of pain and numbness.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study with 86 preoperative patients with DCM was conducted. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) including Core Outcome Measure Index for the neck (COMI‐Neck), Neck Disability Index (NDI), EQ‐5D‐3L, SF‐12v2 assessed QOL, and baseline characteristics were collected. Patients were categorized by diabetic and obesity status, resulting in 17 with and 69 without DM, and 27 obese, 59 nonobese patients. In the statistical analysis, we compared PROMs and baseline characteristics, and conducted MANCOVA to investigate the association of DM and obesity with PROMs.

Results

The study found no significant differences in preoperative QOL between patients with and without DM or obesity. Additionally, the results of MANCOVA indicated that neither DM nor obesity alone, nor their combination, had an association with the total scores of PROMs. In each group, the Symptom‐specific well‐being score on the COMI‐Neck was notably high, implying distressing current symptoms (median: 10). On the NDI, the median score for pain intensity, lifting, work, and recreation subitems was 3. Pain was predominantly reported in the neck and lower back, while numbness was more prevalent in the peripheral regions of the upper and lower limbs.

Conclusion

Preoperative QOL was not significantly affected by the presence of DM and/or obesity. DCM‐related symptoms may mask the associations with these comorbidities. Regardless of the preoperative condition, it is important to address the PROMs items that posed challenges before surgery.
Effectiveness of acupuncture therapy on improvement of nasolabial folds and marionette lines: A retrospective study
Authors: Cheng Haowen , Xie Liangyu , Wang Tao , Shi Bin
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

The preference of beauty seekers for noninvasive, convenient, and long‐lasting effective facial cosmetic techniques with minimal downtime and recovery time is obvious nowadays. As a part of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture has great advantages in solving these problems. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two distinct acupuncture techniques for facial rejuvenation in treating nasolabial folds (NFs) and marionette lines (MLs).

Methods

One hundred beauty seekers who have received facial acupuncture cosmetic treatment in hospitals between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, were selected randomly and inquired. Among them, 50 beauty seekers (Group Ⅰ) have received a normal facial traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture therapy, by inserting the needles perpendicularly into the acupoints. Meanwhile, another 50 beauty seekers (Group Ⅱ) were treated by needle knives, which were inserted parallelly under the dermis and basically along the meridians of Chinese medicine linked by the acupoints. The records of pain evaluation and adverse events on cases, subjective satisfactions, and objective evaluations of efficacy were summarized and statistically analyzed.

Results

The efficacy of Group Ⅱ is better than Group Ⅰ. The dermatologists' assessments for NF and ML show significant differences between Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ after one course. The mean value of subjective satisfaction also obeys the rules above. Although Group Ⅱ exhibited the highest value of mean pain intensity, the adverse events were basically mild. Furthermore, Group Ⅱ showed higher willingness for additional treatments.

Conclusion

Only in terms of the wrinkle depth of NF and ML, the method of acupuncturing parallelly under the dermis by needle knife is safe and more successful.
Strychnos spireanaDopin der Flora Vietnams
Authors: Công Khánh Tkåǹ
Published: August 2024

Die morphologisch‐anatomischen Merkmale des Typus‐Exsikkates vonStr. spireanaDop, gesammelt von Dr. Spire, Nr. 1204 in Cahntrap (Laos) zeigen deutlich, daβ es sich bei dieser Pflanze um eine eigene Art handelt und daβ das von Dopgewählte BinomenStr. spireanabeibehalten werden muβ. Nach den Angaben der untersuchten Herbarbögen kommt diene Art nur an drei Lokalitäten im Norden von Vietnam und im Norden von Laos vor. Der Alkaloid‐Gehalt der Blätter ist relativ hoch (3,1%), deshalb könnte diese Art für eine Nutzung in der pharmazeutischen Industrie geeignet sein.
Über antillanische Styracaceae
Authors: Mai Dieter Hans
Published: August 2024

Die vier Arten vonStyraxL. der Antillen wurden untersucht. Schwerpunkte der Bearbeitung waren die bisher ungenügend untersuchten Merkmalskomplexe der Samen, der Pollen und der Blattkelette. Der Endemitengrad bei der Gattung in der Karibik ist hoch. Zwei Inseln der Großen Antillien (Kuba und Hispaniola) besiedelt nurSt. obtusifoliusCriseb.
Bioenergetics disruption, oxidative stress, and inflammation as underlying mechanisms of tramadol‐induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Elmorsy Ekramy M. , Al Doghaither Huda A. , Al‐Ghafari Ayat B.
Published: August 2024

Tramadol (TR), a commonly prescribed pain reliever for moderate to severe pain, has been associated with kidney damage. This study investigates TR‐induced nephrotoxicity mechanisms, focusing on its effects on renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs). The study findings demonstrate that TR disrupts PTC bioenergetic processes, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Significant toxicity to PTCs was observed with estimated effective concentration 50 values of 9.8 and 11.5 µM based on 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. TR also interferes with the function of PTC transporters, including organic cation uptake transporter 1, organic cation transporter 2, P‐glycoprotein, and multidrug resistance protein 2. Furthermore, bioenergetics assays showed that TR reduced the activities of mitochondrial complexes I and III, adenosine triphosphate production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption rate while increasing lactate release. TR also increased the production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid reactive substances end products, and the expression of the NRf2 gene while decreasing reduced glutathione (GSH‐R) stores and catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activities. Additionally, TR increased the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) and their coding genes expression. Interestingly, the study found that antioxidants like GSH‐R, inhibitors of IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and mitochondrial activating Co‐Q10 could protect cells against TR‐induced cytotoxicity. The study suggests that TR causes nephrotoxicity by disrupting bioenergetic processes, causing oxidative stress and inflammation, but antioxidants and agents targeting mitochondria may have protective and curative potential.
Isoliensinine activated the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway to inhibit glutamate‐induced ferroptosis in HT‐22 cells
Authors: Long Hui‐Zhi , Li Feng‐Jiao , Gao Li‐Chen , Zhou Zi‐Wei , Luo Hong‐Yu , Xu Shuo‐Guo , Dai Shang‐Ming , Hu Jing‐Da
Published: August 2024

Isoliensinine (ISO), a natural compound, is a bibenzyl isoquinoline alkaloid monomer in lotus seed, which has strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The oxidative toxicity caused by glutamic acid overdose is one of the important mechanisms of nerve cell injury, and the oxidative toxicity caused by glutamic acid is related to ferroptosis. This study aims to establish a glutamate‐induced injury model of mouse hippocampal neurons HT‐22 cells, and investigate the protective effect of ISO on the neurotoxicity of glutamate‐induced HT‐22 cells. The results showed that ISO inhibited glutamate‐induced ferroptosis of neuronal cells through nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2/glutathione peroxidase 4 (Nrf2/GPX4) signaling pathway. Pretreatment of HT‐22 cells with ISO significantly reduced glutamate‐induced cell death. Ferroptosis inhibitors have the same effect. ISO inhibited the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential detection and the increase of iron content induced by glutamate, the increase of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in cytoplasm and lipid, and protected the activities of GPx and superoxide dismutase enzymes. In addition, WB showed that glutamic acid could induce the upregulated expression of long‐chain esteryl coA synthase 4 (ACSL4) protein and the downregulated expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein in HT‐22 cells, while ISO could prevent the abnormal expression of these proteins induced by glutamic acid. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in HT‐22 cells was increased, and the expression of downstream heme oxygenase‐1 protein was upregulated. In summary, ISO protects HT‐22 cells from glutamate‐induced ferroptosis through a novel mechanism of the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway.
Management of the therapeutic relationship in a patient with Complex PTSD and Personality Disorder
Authors: Popolo Raffaele , Dimaggio Giancarlo , MacBeth Angus , Ottavi Paolo , Centonze Antonella
Published: August 2024

Individuals diagnosed with Complex PTSD (C‐PTSD) have experienced repeated and often prolonged traumatic events. From a therapeutic perspective this can lead to difficulties in emotion regulation within‐session, challenges with patient‐therapist attunement, and impaired coregulation of emotions during therapeutic interactions. As a result, frequent therapeutic alliance ruptures can emerge, which in turn pose challenges for symptom‐focused work. We describe a case study involving a 38‐year‐old woman presenting with C‐PTSD, dissociation, anxiety and borderline and dependent personality disorder traits. We explore how difficulties in attunement and emotion regulation during therapy were mostly attributable to (i) maladaptive ideas regarding the self and others; and (ii) difficulties in recognizing both her own mental states and those of her therapist. For instance, the patient believed that the therapist was distant and critical; which she held to be fact rather than reflective of a mental state. We show how the therapist addressed these difficulties, incorporating repair of the therapeutic alliance, which enabled a return to symptom focused work. The case description offers guidance on how to maintain a dual focus on therapeutic alliance alongside symptoms when treating C‐PTSD (with or without comorbidity).
Co‐morbid sarcopenia and low bone mineral density in young paediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Marmol‐Perez Andres , Ubago‐Guisado Esther , Gil‐Cosano Jose J. , Llorente‐Cantarero Francisco J. , Pascual‐Gázquez Juan Francisco , Muñoz‐Torres Manuel , Martinez‐Vizcaino Vicente , Ness Kirsten K. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Gracia‐Marco Luis
Published: August 2024

Background

Sarcopenia and low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) are prevalent musculoskeletal complications after paediatric cancer treatment. However, their relationship has not been examined in young paediatric cancers survivors. This study aimed to evaluate aBMD differences according to sarcopenia status and the risk of low aBMD Z‐score in young paediatric cancer survivors with sarcopenia confirmed/probable.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 116 paediatric cancer survivors (12.1 ± 3.3 years old; 42.2% female). Handgrip strength was used to assessed muscle strength. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry estimated aBMD (g/cm2) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2). ‘No sarcopenia’ was defined when muscle strength was >decile 2. ‘Sarcopenia probable’ was defined when muscle strength was ≤ decile 2 and ALMI Z‐score was > −1.5 standard deviation (SD). ‘Sarcopenia confirmed’ was defined when muscle strength was ≤ decile 2 and ALMI Z‐score ≤ −1.5 SD. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression, adjusted for time from treatment completion, radiotherapy exposure, calcium intake, and physical activity, was used to evaluate aBMD and estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of low aBMD (aBMD Z‐score < −1.0).

Results

Survivors with sarcopenia confirmed had significantly lower aBMD than those without sarcopenia at total body (−1.2 [95% CI: −1.5 to −0.8] vs. 0.2 [−0.2 to 0.6], P < 0.001), lumbar spine (−0.7 [−1.1 to −0.3] vs. 0.4 [0.0 to 0.8], P < 0.001), total hip (−0.5 [−0.9 to −0.2] vs. 0.4 [0.1 to 0.8], P < 0.001), and femoral neck (−1.0 [−1.4 to −0.6] vs. 0.1 [−0.3 to 0.4], P = 0.001). Compared with survivors with sarcopenia probable, survivors with sarcopenia confirmed had significantly lower aBMD Z‐score at total body (−1.2 [−1.5 to −0.8] vs. −0.2 [−0.7 to 0.4], P = 0.009), total hip (−0.5 [−0.9 to −0.2] vs. 0.5 [−0.1 to 1.0], P = 0.010), and femoral neck (−1.0 [−1.4 to −0.6] vs. 0.1 [−0.5 to 0.7], P = 0.014). Survivors with sarcopenia confirmed were at higher risk of low aBMD Z‐score at the total body (OR: 6.91, 95% CI: 2.31–24.15), total hip (OR: 2.98, 1.02–9.54), and femoral neck (OR: 4.72, 1.72–14.19), than those without sarcopenia. Survivors with sarcopenia probable were at higher risk of low aBMD Z‐score at the total body (OR: 4.13, 1.04–17.60) than those without sarcopenia.

Conclusions

Young paediatric cancer survivors with sarcopenia present higher risk of low aBMD. Resistance training‐based interventions designed to mitigate osteosarcopenia in this population should be implemented at early stages.
A rapid realist review of literature examining Co‐production in mental health services for youth
Authors: Jones Verity Rose , Waring Justin , Wright Nicola , Fenton Sarah‐Jane
Published: August 2024

Background

An overview of internationally published literature on what works for co‐production in youth mental health services is missing, despite a practice and policy context strongly recommending this approach. This rapid realist review develops a theory about how and why co‐production methods in youth mental health services work, for whom and in which circumstances.

Methods

Relevant evidence was synthesised to develop Context–Mechanism–Outcome configurations (CMOs) that can inform policy and practice. Stakeholders were iteratively involved by engaging an expert panel including young people and a separate youth advisory group. Searches across eight databases and expert panel suggestions identified 5716 documents which were screened at abstract level, 532 at full‐text and 57 documents were included in the review.

Results

Data extracted from 57 papers contributed to five CMO configurations to describe the generative mechanisms by which co‐production in youth mental health services are linked to outcomes and influenced by context. The final programme theory is: Youth experts by experience (YEBE), particularly those from minoritised communities, provided with a supportive organisational culture can experience authentic engagement where their knowledge is perceived as credible by wider stakeholders. This leads to personal development for participating YEBE as well as service improvements from their input.

Conclusions

Rich data from a heterogenous sample of papers along with stakeholder consultation enabled this review to refine a clear programme theory for co‐production in mental health services for young people. Nevertheless, further information is needed to identify what constitutes a supportive organisational culture and to explore rival theories or under‐evidenced areas.
Joint line convergence angle is the most associated alignment factor with the severity of medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Tsushima Takahiro , Sasaki Eiji , Sakamoto Yukiko , Kimura Yuka , Tsuda Eiichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the joint line convergence angle (JLCA) and the severity of medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesise that JLCA is the most associated factor with the severity of medial knee OA.

Methods

This retrospective study included a total of 202 knees that underwent either high tibial osteotomy or medial meniscus repair/partial resection. Kellgren–Lawrence grade and hip–knee–ankle angle (HKAA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and JLCA were assessed from preoperative radiographs. Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) was measured using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The International Cartilage Research Society (ICRS) grade on the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau were also assessed. The relationships between JLCA and Kellgren–Lawrence grades and MME and ICRS grades were analysed using Spearman's correlation test and regression analysis.

Results

The JLCA was correlated with the Kellgren–Lawrence grade (R = 0.765, p < 0.001), MME (R = 0.638, p < 0.001), ICRS grade on the MFC (R = 0.586, p < 0.001) and the MTP (R = 0.586, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.002) and JLCA (p < 0.001) were associated with Kellgren–Lawrence grade. Furthermore, JLCA was related to ICRS grade on the MFC (p < 0.001) and MTP (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The JLCA, reflecting radiological severity, meniscus status, and cartilage lesion, was the most associated alignment parameter in the severity of medial knee OA. The JLCA may be beneficial for quantitative assessment of medial knee OA.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
A mouldable fibreglass backslab device as a novel approach to offload chronic plantar foot ulcers: A retrospective observational audit
Authors: Ting Melissa , Ferreira Ivana , Hiew Jonathan , McEvoy Mahalia , Tan Gabrielle , Shah Priyal , Nicolandis Eugenie , Hamilton Emma J. , Ritter Jens Carsten , Nicolaou Michael , Manning Laurens
Published: August 2024

Background

Pressure offloading is a critical component of plantar foot ulcer management, including diabetes‐related foot ulcers (DFU). Conventional offloading options such as total contact casting and removable knee‐high walkers may be unsuitable or unsuccessful in patients with morbid obesity, intermittent lower limb oedema, high exudative wounds or poor mobility. A mouldable fibreglass backslab device (BSD) may be a practical alternative to be considered in these situations.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected on 28 patients (29 foot ulcers) with non‐healing ulcers who received a BSD to offload their foot ulcer as an extension to standard offloading care. Baseline data included: patient demographics, type of offloading prior to BSD application, date of ulcer onset, days ulcer present prior to BSD application and ulcer size at BSD initiation. Measures of success included ulcer size reduction 12 weeks post‐BSD application, time to complete ulcer healing in BSD, time to 50% reduction in ulcer size post‐BSD application and total number of days ulcer present.

Results

The median (IQR) ulcer area and ulcer duration at baseline for 19 patients (20 ulcers) who used the BSD was 1.65 (0.4–3.8) cm2 and 531 (101–635) days. At 12 weeks, the median (IQR) ulcer area was 0.3 (0–0.55) cm2 with a median (IQR) reduction of 97 (80–100) %. Nine (45%) ulcers achieved complete wound healing (100% reduction in wound size) at 12 weeks post‐BSD application, and the remaining 11 (55%) ulcers achieved at least 50% reduction in wound size. The median (IQR) time to complete wound healing and 50% reduction in wound size was 71 (35–134) days and 24 (15–44) days, respectively. Nine patients ceased use of the BSD and reverted to conventional offloading before their wounds had healed. Of these, four patients achieved a 50% reduction in wound size at the 12‐week mark with conventional offloading.

Conclusion

Our preliminary data suggests that a mouldable fibreglass BSD may be a practical offloading option in the management of DFUs, especially when conventional offloading methods are unsuccessful, unsuitable or unacceptable to patients. Higher level evidence is required to demonstrate suitability or efficacy of the BSD compared to current evidence‐based recommended offloading methods.
Routine hemostasis profile in steady state sickle cell disease adult patients compared to laboratory values, between phenotypes and during pregnancy: A retrospective, descriptive study
Authors: Affo Comlan , Schmidt Carine , Bosquet Antoine , Dumont Bénédicte , Mahé Isabelle
Published: August 2024

Sickle cell disease is a rare genetic disease resulting from an abnormality in hemoglobin. Hemostasis in the steady state, defined as ≥2 months without vaso‐occlusive crises, is poorly described in the literature. We report the routine hemostasis profile in steady state patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), including during pregnancy and according to phenotype. This retrospective study collected data over the period 2010 to 2021. Data on routine hemostasis parameters (prothrombin time [PT] activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], and platelets) were collected from medical records and were compared with laboratory norms including during pregnancy; the HbSS phenotype was compared with the HbSC, HbSB°thalassemia, and HbSB+thalassemia phenotypes. we included 119 adults (representing 190 day‐hospitals) with SCD who had attended at least one checkup in the steady state. Seven patients (15 day‐hospitals) on anticoagulants were excluded. Eleven (17 day‐hospitals) were pregnant. Mean routine hemostasis parameters were within normal values regardless of pregnancy. Mean PT was lower during pregnancy (12.3 ± 0.6 s vs. 13.2 ± 1.0 s; P = .01). PT and platelet counts were higher (P = .01) and aPTT was lower (P = .03) in men and nonpregnant women in the HbSS group compared with those in the HbSC group. routinely collected hemostasis parameters in steady state patients were within normal laboratory values, including in pregnant women. PT values differed significantly between pregnant women and nonpregnant women, and PT, aPTT, and platelet counts differed between HbSS, HbSC, and HbSB+thalassemia phenotypes.
Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843 tadpole morphology: Larval cranium description and its evolutionary implications (Amphibia: Anura: Hemiphractidae)
Authors: Folly Manuella , Amaral Lucas C. , da Silveira Luiz F. L. , de Carvalho‐e‐Silva Sergio P. , Dias Pedro Henrique dos Santos
Published: August 2024

Hemiphractids have a singular mode of reproduction that involves maternal care. The Andean‐endemic Gastrotheca marsupiata species group includes direct‐developing and tadpole‐bearing species, the latter trait being unique among Gastrotheca. Larval morphology has proven to be a valuable source of evidence to understand the taxonomy and evolution of frogs but remains understudied in Hemiphractids. Herein, we redescribe the larval cranium of G. espeletia, G. gracilis, G. marsupiata, G. peruana, G. pseustes, and G. riobambae, and describe those of G. aureomaculata, G. chrysosticta, G. litonedis, G. monticola and G. psychrophila. Additionally, based on the data gathered, we explore their phylogenetic significance, expanding the knowledge regarding Gastrotheca larval internal morphology. We suggest that the presence of the posterolateral process of crista parotica, the concave palatoquadrate, the quadratoorbital commissure, and the proximal commissures II and III are putative synapomorphies for Gastrotheca. Furthermore, we suggest the long pseudopterygoid process as a putative synapomorphy for Hemiphractyidae.
Epstein–Barr virus noncoding RNA EBER1 promotes the expression of a ribosomal protein paralog to boost oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Paudel Sita , Lee Nara
Published: August 2024

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a highly successful pathogen that infects ~95% of the adult population and is associated with diverse cancers and autoimmune diseases. The most abundant viral factor in latently infected cells is not a protein but a noncoding RNA called EBV‐encoded RNA 1 (EBER1). Even though EBER1 is highly abundant and was discovered over forty years ago, the function of EBER1 has remained elusive. EBER1 interacts with the ribosomal protein L22, which normally suppresses the expression of its paralog L22‐like 1 (L22L1). Here we show that when L22 binds EBER1, it cannot suppress L22L1, resulting in L22L1 being expressed and incorporated into ribosomes. We further show that L22L1‐containing ribosomes preferentially translate mRNAs involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, upregulation of L22L1 is indispensable for growth transformation and immortalization of resting B cells upon EBV infection. Taken together, our results suggest that the function of EBER1 is to modulate host gene expression at the translational level, thus bypassing the need for dysregulating host gene transcription.
Technologies and techniques to improve precision in breast conserving surgery
Authors: Leff Daniel R.
Published: August 2024

Imprecision in breast conserving surgery results in high rates of take back to theatre for reexcision of margins. This paper reviews the various approaches to improving the precision of oncological margin control in breast conserving surgery. The review describes the rationale for improved tissue characterization over tumor localization and explores technology‐free approaches, as well as progress being made to develop and test innovative technological solutions.
Lymph node metrics following neoadjuvant therapy to refine patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy in resected pancreatic cancer: A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Amirian Haleh , Dickey Erin , Ogobuiro Ifeanyichukwu , Box Edmond W. , Shah Ankit , Martos Mary P. , Patel Manan , Wilson Gregory C. , Snyder Rebecca A. , Parikh Alexander A. , Hammill Chet , Kim Hong J. , Abbott Daniel , Maithel Shishir K. , Zafar Syed Nabeel , LeCompte Michael T. , Kooby David A. , Ahmad Syed A. , Merchant Nipun B. , Hester Caitlin A. , Datta Jashodeep
Published: August 2024

Background

In patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and resection, selection of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is typically guided by high‐risk features on histopathologic examination. We evaluated the interaction between post‐NAT lymph node metrics and AC receipt on survival.

Methods

Patients who received NAT followed by pancreatectomy (2010–2020) at seven centers were reviewed. Overall survival (OS) in patients receiving AC or not was stratified by lymph node positivity (LNP) or lymph node ratio (LNR) dichotomized at 0.1. Cox models evaluated the independent association between these nodal metrics, AC receipt, and OS.

Results

Of 464 patients undergoing NAT and resection, 264 (57%) received AC. Patients selected for AC were younger (median 63 vs. 67 years; p < 0.001), received shorter duration of NAT (2.8 vs. 3.2 months; p = 0.01), had fewer postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade > 3: 1.2% vs. 11.7%; p < 0.001), and lower rates of pathologic complete response (4% vs. 11%; p = 0.01). The median number of nodes evaluated was similar between cohorts (n = 20 in both; p = 0.9). Post‐NAT LNP rates were not different, and median LNR was 0.1, in AC and non‐AC cohorts. Both LNP (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.1, p < 0.001) and LNR (0 < LNR ≤ 0.1: HR: 1.98, p = 0.002; LNR > 0.1: HR 2.46, p < 0.001) were independently associated with OS on Cox modeling, although receipt of AC was not associated with improved OS (median 30.6 vs. 29.4 months; p = 0.2). In patients with LNR > 0.1, receipt of AC was associated with significantly longer OS compared to non‐AC (24 vs. 20 months, respectively; p = 0.04).

Conclusions

LNR following NAT, not simply nodal positivity, may be useful to refine selection of AC in resected PDAC.
The Cobra sign: A marker for overestimation of tendon retraction in proximal semimembranosus tendon avulsion
Authors: Lefèvre Nicolas , Moussa Mohamad K. , Chahal Ahmad , Meyer Alain , Grimaud Olivier , Khalaf Zeinab M. , Alayane Ali , Bohu Yoann , Hardy Alexandre
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To introduce a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sign, termed the Cobra sign, and identify its diagnostic metrics. The secondary aim was to demonstrate that this sign can be a source of false evaluation of tendon retraction in patients with proximal hamstring avulsion injury.

Method

This retrospective cohort study targeted patients surgically treated for proximal hamstring avulsion injury from January 2019 to June 2023. The MRI Cobra sign was defined as a wavy curved T2‐hypointense band with the free end folding distally over itself, resembling a cobra head. The primary outcome measure was the characterization of the Cobra sign in patients with proximal hamstring avulsion injury. The secondary outcome was the association of this sign with tendon retraction. The study included 81 proximal hamstring avulsion injury patients (mean age of 45.7, SD = 13.9), with 41 (50.6%) complete avulsions, 33 semimembranosus, and 7 conjoint tendons.

Results

The MRI Cobra sign was found in 25 patients (17 semimembranosus and 8 complete). It was confirmed surgically only in semimembranosus cases. It demonstrated 51.5% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for isolated semimembranosus avulsions, with a significant positive likelihood ratio of 3.0. MRI retraction was 10.05 cm (±3.0), reducing to 7.9 cm (±2.5) on surgical measurement (mean difference = 2.0 cm, p < 0.001). The regression analysis confirmed MRI retraction's influence on the Cobra sign, with a 1.4 odds increase per unit (p < 0.001). In linear regression analysis, each unit increase in MRI retraction corresponded to a 79% increase in surgical retraction (coefficient 0.7, t = 11.1, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The Cobra sign demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy for isolated semimembranosus avulsion, with a high specificity of 83.3%, a low sensitivity of 51.5%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 3.0. The presence of the Cobra sign indicates an overestimated MRI retraction by approximately 21%.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
An Intelligent and Trust‐Enabled Farming Systems With Blockchain and Digital Twins on Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Rathee Geetanjali , Saini Hemraj , Chakkravarthy Selvaraj Praveen , Maheswar Rajagopal
Published: August 2024

Advancement and flourishment in mobile edge computing (MEC) have motivated the farmers to deploy an efficient ecosystem in their farms. For further real‐time monitoring and surveillance of the environment along with the deployment of intelligent farming, digital twin is considered as one of the emerging and most promising technologies. For proper optimization and utilization of physical systems, the physical components of the ecosystems are connected with the digital space. Further, the smart technologies and devices have convinced to address the expected level of requirements for accessing the rapid growth in farming associated with digital twins. However, with a large number of smart devices, huge amount of generated information from heterogeneous devices may increase the privacy and security concern by challenging the interrupting operations and management of services in smart farming. In addition, the growing risks associated with MEC by modifying the sensor readings and quality of service further affect the overall growth of intelligent farming. In order to resolve these challenges, this paper has proposed a secure surveillance architecture to detect deviations by incorporating digital twins in the ecosystem. Further, for real‐time monitoring and preprocessing of information, we have integrated a four‐dimensional trust mechanism along with blockchain. The four‐dimensional trusted method recognizes the behavior of each communicating device during the transmission of information in the network. Further, blockchain strengthens the surveillance process of each device behavior by continuously monitoring their activities. The proposed mechanism is tested and verified against various abnormalities received from sensors by simulating false use cases in the ecosystem and compared against various security metrics over existing approaches. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism is validated against several security threats such as control command threat, coordinated cyber threats, accuracy, and decision‐making and prediction of records over existing methods.
Newborn adiposity is associated with cord blood DNA methylation at IGF1R and KLF7
Authors: Josefson Jami L. , Kuang Alan , Allard Catherine , Bianco Monica E. , Lowe William , Scholtens Denise M. , Bouchard Luigi , Hivert Marie‐France
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to identify whether cord blood DNA methylation at specific loci is associated with neonatal adiposity, a key risk factor for childhood obesity.

Methods

An epigenome‐wide association study was conducted using the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study as a discovery sample. Linear regression models adjusted for maternal and offspring covariates and cell counts were used to analyze associations between neonatal adiposity as measured by sum of three skinfold thicknesses and cord blood DNA methylation. Assays were performed with Illumina EPIC arrays (791,359 CpG sites after quality control). Replication was performed in an independent cohort, Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G).

Results

In 2740 HAPO samples, significant associations were identified at 89 CpG sites after accounting for multiple testing (Bonferroni‐adjusted p < 0.05). Replication analyses conducted in 139 Gen3G participants confirmed associations for seven CpG sites. These included IGF1R, which encodes a transmembrane receptor involved in cell growth and survival that binds insulin‐like growth factor I and insulin, and KLF7, which encodes a regulator of cell proliferation and inhibitor of adipogenesis; both are key regulators of growth during fetal life.

Conclusions

These findings support epigenetic mechanisms in the developmental origins of neonatal adiposity and as potential biomarkers of metabolic disease risk.
Preparation and characterization of nano‐filled polypropylene dielectric films
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Long , Li Xi‐Hao
Published: August 2024

Modified copper calcium titanate (MCCTO) or functional activated carbon (FANC) particles were added to functional polypropylene (FPP) or heat‐treated polypropylene (HTFPP) matrix to improve the performance of FPP as dielectric films. By testing and characterizing the prepared FPPwxMCCTOy, FPPwxFANCz, FPPwxMCCTOyFANCz and HTFPPwxMCCTOy, HTFPPwxFANCy and HTFPPwxMCCTOyFANCz films, It is found that the dielectric constant and discharge energy density of each FPPwxMCCTOy, FPPwxFANCz, HTFPPwxFANCz and HTFPPwxFANCz films reach the maximum when the MCCTO and FANC loads are close to 8 and 6 wt% respectively. FPPwxMCCTO8FANCz and HTFPPwxMCCTO8FANCz series films also obtain the maximum dielectric constant and discharge energy density at FANC load approaching 6 wt%. The discharge energy density of HTFPPw86MCCTO8FANC6 film prepared properly is 3.2 J/cm3, which is more than 3 times higher than that of FPP. When MCCTO and FANC loads are ≦8 and 6 wt% respectively, with the increase of additive content, More dense distribution of MCCTO and FANC was observed in FPPwxMCCTOy(or HTFPPwxMCCTOy), FPPwxFANCz(or HTFPPwxFANCz) and FPPwxMCCTO8FANCz(or HTFPPwxMCCTO8FANCz) series film sections. In this paper, we propose possible explanations for the apparent improvement in dielectric constant, discharge energy density and heat resistance of capacitive films after appropriate heat treatment or addition of appropriate MCCTO and/or FANC loads.
Predicting the strength in hydroxyapatite‐filled nanocomposites through advanced two‐phase modeling
Authors: Farajifard Mohadeseh , Khademzadeh Yeganeh Jafar , Zare Yasser , Munir Muhammad Tajammal , Rhee Kyong Yop
Published: August 2024

The number of modeling studies is insufficient to estimate the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA)‐polymer nanocomposites. Herein, we present a two‐phase method to predict the strength of HA‐filled nanocomposites. In the first phase, HA and the adjacent interphase are treated as pseudoparticles, and the strength of these pseudoparticles is determined using the Kelly‐Tyson equation. In the next phase, a simple model forecasts the strength of nanocomposites, consisting of the polymer medium and pseudoparticles. The proposed methodology is validated by experimental data and parametric examinations. The properties of the interphase (thickness and strength), along with the HA aspect ratio and HA concentration, directly influences the strength of the nanocomposites. Our calculations also reveal that a minimum HA radius of 6 nm and average HA volume portion of 0.02 can enhance the strength of the samples by 196%. However, further increases in the HA radius lead to a reduction in nanocomposite strength. Additionally, the interphase strength of 50 MPa can improve the strength of samples by 94%. The parametric examinations demonstrate the reasonable influences of all these factors on the nanocomposite strength, thereby supporting the validity of the two‐stage model.

Highlights

A two‐phase method is presented to predict the strength of HA‐filled nanocomposites.

The proposed method is validated by many experimental data and parametric examinations.

The thickness and strength of interphase directly influences the strength of nanocomposites.

The minimum HA radius of 6 nm can enhance the strength of samples by 196%.

The interphase strength of 50 MPa can improve the nanocomposite strength by 94%.
Development and characterization of polymer composites with cotton straw fiber derived from agricultural wastes
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Ou Mingxiong , Gao Yuanyuan , Ding Hengnan , Zhuo Liucheng , Ma Yunhai
Published: August 2024

In the global pursuit of using sustainable component materials, reinforcement materials derived from agricultural straw waste have attracted widespread attention to develop polymer composites. However, the polar and hydrophilic properties of straw fibers limit their interfacial adhesion behavior, which leads to poor physico‐mechanical and tribological properties of the resulting polymer composites. In this work, cotton straw fibers (CSFs) were derived from agricultural cotton straw wastes, and then were treated with sodium hydroxide solutions of different concentrations (0–7 wt.%). Physical and mechanical properties were analyzed and tribological properties of the developed CSF reinforced polymer composites were investigated systematically. The experiment results indicated that the incorporation of treated‐CSFs in the polymer composite had less effect on the density, whereas it significantly enhanced the water absorption, impact strength and tribological properties. The worn surface morphology analysis revealed that the addition of the treated‐CSFs is conducive to the formation of the contact plateaus, which is in turn beneficial in improving the wear resistance of the treated‐CSF reinforced polymer composites. Overall, the developed polymer composites reinforced with the treated‐CSFs have shown better physico‐mechanical and tribological properties. The present work confirms the possibility of using agricultural corn straw waste as reinforcement fibers, and then paves the path for the development of future commercial plant fiber reinforced polymer composites.

Highlights

The usability of cotton straw waste as a reinforcement in polymer composite was investigated.

The physico‐mechanical and tribological properties of the polymer composites were evaluated.

The alkali‐treated cotton straw fibres were more effective in improving the impact resistance and tribological properties.

Use of cotton straw waste in the polymer composite reduced its impact on the environment.
Logjams in a mountain stream network: Patterns, biogeomorphic associations, and anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Cienciala Piotr , Nelson Andrew D. , Haas Andrew D.
Published: August 2024

Logjams, in‐channel accumulations of downed wood, play important roles governing biophysical processes in river ecosystems. In this study conducted in the mountainous inland Pacific Northwest, we leveraged a basin‐scale inventory to carry out a comprehensive analysis of logjam frequency, volume, and their associations with a suite of biophysical landscape characteristics and anthropogenic influences. We complemented this analysis with one that relies on the concept of process domains. We found that logjam frequency increased with drainage area up to ~10–30 km2 and declined thereafter, while the mean jam volume steadily increased downstream up to the area of >300 km2. Combined, these variables yielded a nonlinear downstream pattern of large wood storage in jams, peaking at drainage areas of ~10–100 km2. Logjam characteristics were associated with multiple predictors, used as proxies for biogeomorphic processes relevant for large wood supply and redistribution: bank erosion, landslides, avulsions, wood availability in riparian forest, and wood transport. Additionally, anthropogenic disturbances were inferred to strongly influence logjam‐forming processes in the study basin. A riprapped forest road disrupted a process chain responsible for large wood supply, wherein erosion undercuts slope toe, ultimately triggering landslides. Timber harvest influenced large wood supply by reducing forest biomass. Overall, these findings contribute to improved understanding of logjams: they provide insight into the complex suite of interacting natural and anthropogenic factors which, by regulating large wood inputs and redistribution, generate a basin‐scale pattern in jam frequency and volume. We believe that our study will be useful in informing river management and restoration practices.
HKUST‐1‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Budiman Yudha P. , Rashifari Muhamad , Azid Syafrul , Ghafara Ilham Z. , Deawati Yusi , Permana Yessi , Arrozi Ubed Sonai Fahruddin , Ciptonugroho Wirawan , Mayanti Tri , Lestari Witri Wahyu
Published: August 2024

Symmetrical biaryl compounds are vital chemical feedstocks in the fine chemical industry. Homocoupling, which produces aryl‐aryl reagents, remains the predominant method for their synthesis. Previously, Yaghi et al. reported a patent demonstrating the high performance of HKUST‐1 in homocoupling reactions involving arylboronic acids with electron‐withdrawing substituents. However, reactions with electron‐donating substituents yielded lower results. In this study, we introduce optimized protocols for HKUST‐1 catalyzed homocoupling of arylboronic acids with electron‐donating substituents, achieving symmetrical biaryl products with yields up to 93 %. We also observed significant hydroxylation byproducts competing with homocoupling products when the reaction was exposed to air, especially for arylboronic acids with electron‐donating substituents. This heterogeneous HKUST‐1 catalyst demonstrated recyclability for up to three cycles without a significant decline in catalytic activity.