bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled magneto-mechanical finite element analysis of a power transformer in short circuit conditions
Authors: Bošnjak Bruno , Hauck Andreas , Landes Hermann
Published: July 2022

External short circuit is one of the most demanding load conditions a transformer can be subjected to. Short circuit withstand capability of power transformers is therefore quintessentially important in order to ensure the proper functioning of a power transformer during its lifetime. Accurate calculation of the forces and stresses a transformer is subjected to during a short circuit is a prerequisite for better, optimized design of the active part. Main focus of this paper is the investigation into dynamic electromagnetic and mechanical behaviour of a transformer winding subject to an external short circuit. For purposes of this simulation, a single-phase 100 MVA autotransformer active part was modelled using ANSYS and NACS software. Particular areas of the winding were modelled to a greater degree of detail in order to observe the effects of Lorentz forces during a short circuit on individual conductors. A transient coupled magneto-mechanical simulation of the transformer under short circuit conditions was carried out. When subject to dynamic short circuit forces, the winding discs exhibited a profoundly resonant behaviour indicating a strong relationship between the natural frequency of the winding and the resulting stresses and displacements incurred during a short circuit. It has been shown that the position of the yoke changes the orientation and the distribution of the magnetic field vectors at the top and the bottom of the winding, causing a non-uniform distribution of forces along the top discs of the winding. This non-uniform distribution of forces along the circular shape of the winding conductor caused high stresses at the positions within the winding which were previously considered to be under lower stress when calculated using 3D static FEM and analytical methods.
Implicări genetice în hipertensiunea arterială şi dereglările metabolice la copiii supraponderali/obezi
Authors:   Institutul de Cardiologie, Republica Moldova, Cojocari Svetlana
Published: July 2022

Hipertensiunea arterială esenţială constituie o patologie multifactorială în realizarea căreia factorii genetici şi de mediu joacă un rol important. Se estimează că 30-60% din variaţia tensiunii arteriale între indivizi este atribuită factorului genetic. Studierea acestuia este argumentată în special la copii, deoarece, cu vârsta, poate fi modificat sub influenţa factorilor de mediu. Obiective. Estimarea frecvenţei variantelor polimorfe ale genelor candidate din SRA (ECA, AGTR1) şi NOS3 la copiii hipertensivi supraponderali/obezi. Aprecierea relaţiilor posibile dintre portajul genotipurilor genelor studiate şi riscul de apariţie a hipertensiunii arteriale, excesului de greutate şi dereglărilor metabolice. Interacţiunea factorilor genetici cu cei modificabili în instalarea acestor patologii. Material şi metode. Cercetarea a inclus 120 copii supraponderali/obezi n = 62 (51,67%) hipertensivi, n = 58 (48,33%) normotensivi, vârsta 10-18 ani. Polimorfismul genelor candidate s-a identificat prin metoda de analiză a lungimii fragmentelor amplificate şi a fragmentelor polimorfe de restricţie. Produsele de restricţie s-au separat în gel de agaroză de 2% şi s-au colorat cu etidiu bromid. Protocolul studiului a fost aprobat de către Comisia de Etică Medicală şi s-a obţinut consimţământul informat scris pentru participarea în studiu. Rezultate. Copiii cu genotipurile ECA DD şi AGTR1 CC s-au remarcat, semnificativ statistic, prin valori mai mari ale IMC, CA şi TAS. La purtătorii genotipurilor GG şi AG al NOS3A/G, de asemenea, s-au înregistrat valori mai înalte, semnificativ statistice, ale TAS faţă de purtătorii genotipului AA. Totodată, copiii cu genotipul ECA DD s-au deosebit, semnificativ statistic, printr-un nivel seric mai înalt al trigliceridelor (1,90 ± 0,122 mmol/l), insulinei (27,27 ± 2,557 μU/ml) şi diminuat al HDL-C (1,24 ± 0,048 mmol/l). Veridicitate statistică s-a constatat, de asemenea, între vârsta mică de gestaţie şi genotipul DD al ECA şi între vârsta mare de gestaţie şi genotipul ID al ECA. Purtătorii genotipului DD al genei ECA şi purtătorii CC al genei AGTR 1, cu veridicitate statistică, s-au dovedit de a fi mai frecvent fumători pasivi, consumatori ai produselor mai sărate şi mai grase. Concluzie. Identificarea copiilor supraponderali/obezi purtători ai genotipurilor ECA DD, AGTR CC şi NOS GG ar putea facilita detectarea precoce a copiilor cu risc sporit de realizare a hipertensiunii arteriale, dereglărilor metabolice pentru iniţierea precoce a măsurilor de profilaxie şi tratament.
Principles of combined esophageal impedance-PH monitoring in children: indications, benefits and limitations
Authors:   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Stoicescu Mihai-Mirel , Galos Felicia ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Munteanu Mihai ,   ”Marie Sklodowska Curie” Children’’s Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Visan Simina ,   ”Marie Sklodowska Curie” Children’’s Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ulmeanu Coriolan ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Balgradean Mihaela ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2022

The standard test for suspected gastroesophageal reflux is pH monitoring. However, the majority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes in infants and children are nonacidic (pH > 4) and extraesophageal symptoms apparently can be caused by both acidic (pH < 4) and nonacidic reflux. In order to overcome these aspects, a new technique has been developed and placed under scrutiny in the past twenty years: multichannel intraluminal impedance. Combined with standard pH recording, it provides more information than simple pH measurement because it allows the study of non-acid reflux and the temporal association between symptoms and nonacid reflux. Data can be analyzed for bolus composition (gas, fluid, solid) and reflux height, duration, and clearance. Although normal values for the pediatric population are not yet available, combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH measurement has the potential to become the new “gold standard” for gastroesophageal reflux testing.
The impact of the genetic factor in the realization of the arterial hypertension and metabolic disorders at children with overweight or obesity
Authors:   Cardiological Institute, The Republic of Moldova, Cojocari Svetlana , Matraguna Nelea ,   Cardiological Institute, The Republic of Moldova, Barbacari Nicolae ,   Institute of Plants Genetics and Physiology of the Academy of Science, The Republic of Moldova, Jucovschi Constantin ,   Cardiological Institute, The Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2022

Essential arterial hypertension is a multifactor pathology and in its realization genetic and environmental factors play a very important role. It is estimated that 30-60% of the variation of the arterial hypertension among people is due to genetic factor. Its investigation is argued at children especially, because from age it can be changed under the influence of the environment. Objectives. Estimation of the polymorph variants frequency of the candidate genes from RAS (ACE, AGTR1) and NOS3 at children with arterial hypertension, obesity or overweight. Appreciation of the possible relations between carrying genotypes of the genes studied and the risk of arterial hypertension, overweight and metabolic disorders to appear. Interaction of the genetic factors with the modifiable ones in the appearance of these pathologies. Material and methods. The investigation included 120 children with obesity and overweight 62 (51.67%) children with hypertension and 58 (48.33%) with normal tension) at the age of 10-18. The polymorphism of the candidate genes was identified through the analysis of the length of the amplified fragments and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The products of restriction were placed in 2% agarose gel and dyed with ethidium bromide. The protocol of the studies was approved by the Commission in Medical Ethics and the signed consent for participation in studies was obtained. Results. Children-carriers of ACE DD and AGTR1 CC showed increased values of of BMI, CA and SBP. At the carriers of GG and AG genotypes of NOS3 AG were also revealed statistically significant higher values of SBP in comparison with the carriers of AA genotype. At the same time, children with ACE DD genotype were distinguished by the increased serum level of triglycerides (1.90 ± 0.122 mmol/l), insulin (27.27 ± 2.557 μU/ml) and reduced of HDL-C (1.24 ± 0.048 mmol/l). Simultaneously, there were found statistically significant differences between small gestational age and genotype DD of ACE and between big gestational age and genotype ID of ACE. DD carriers of the ACE and CC carriers of the AGTR1 also proved to be more often passive smokers, consumers of the products with higher concentration of salt and fat. Conclusion. Identification of the children with obesity/overweight carriers of genotypes ACE DD, AGTR CC and NOS GG could facilitate early detection of the children with the risk of appearance of arterial hypertension and metabolic disorders to add to taking early measures for prophylaxis and treatment.
The evolution of external inflammatory root resorption due to trauma. Clinical case
Authors:   Departamentul de Endodonţie, Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Suciu Ioana , Voiculean Monica ,   Departamentul de Endodonţie, Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Gheorghiu Irina ,   Departamentul de Odontoterapie Restauratoare, Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Perlea Paula ,   Departamentul de Endodonţie, Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România
Published: July 2022

Endodontic treatment is indicated for dental trauma associated with inflammatory root resorption. Within this context, we describe both the evolution and the therapeutic behavior of the two types of root resorption present in the same patient. The aim of endodontic treatment is to stagnate active resorption eliminating the infection and inflammation, thus allowing bone regeneration. Early diagnosis is crucial in the management of external root resorption, so that the earlier the endodontic treatment is applied the less severe the long term consequences of resorption will be.
A configuration of lateral and accessory channels from interradicular furcation in upper molars – assumptions regarding their sealing process
Authors:   Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Jivoinovici Radita , Suciu Ileana ,   Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Gheorghiu Irina ,   Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România, Suciu Ioana ,   Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, România
Published: July 2022

The difficulty issuing assumptions sealing lateral canals is closely linked to the unpredictability constituting where the elements are placed in the lateral canal content (connective tissue, necrotic tissue, microbial germs, which can interfere with the sealant, influencing the quality of sealing). It is known that these lateral channels can not benefit from debridement and instrumentation, implying persistent organic content, which interferes with the sealing. The aim of this study is to highlight the lateral canals and accessory furcation on extracted teeth using dye impregnation methodology that is commonly used to identify internal anatomical configuration of the endodontic space. The study also aims to identify the pattern of lateral canals in addition to the establishment of theoretical models about the thereof process of sealing. Thus, imagines sealant flow patterns through lateral channels by applying Bernoulli’s principle and Darcy’s law.
In the eye of the storm: the domestic and sexual violence epidemic amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Mapayi Boladale , Oloniniyi Ibidun , Folayan Morenike
Published: July 2022

The global pandemic of the coronavirus has resulted in a disruption in life as we know it, with massive effects on tourism, the healthcare system, and the global economy at large. Many countries, initiated measures to curtail the spread of the virus with non-pharmaceutical interventions such as lockdown, quarantine, social distancing, and movement restrictions. These measures while preventing the spread of the virus may have triggered another pandemic, albeit a silent one. This article reviews the burden of domestic, sexual, and gender-based violence in Nigeria highlighting the factors that may have interplayed with the lockdown to worsen the situation in Nigeria. This article also focuses on measures to strengthen medical, legal, and supportive responses to survivors.
EVALUATING ESG CORPORATE PERFORMANCE USING A NEW NEUTROSOPHIC AHP-TOPSIS BASED APPROACH
Authors: Reig-Mullor Javier , Garcia-Bernabeu Ana , Pla-Santamaria David , Vercher-Ferrandiz Marisa
Published: July 2022

Corporate sustainability reports’ credibility of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information has received a significant focus of attention in the businesses landscape. Over the last years, various methodologies and multicriteria approaches have been developed to assess the ESG performance of companies. To consider the uncertainty that arises from imprecision and subjectivity in evaluating ESG criteria, this paper proposes to develop a novel hybrid methodology that combines AHP and TOPSIS techniques under a neutrosophic environment. We test the suggested proposal through a real case study of the leading companies in the oil and gas industry. Moreover, we conduct a sensitivity analysis for evaluating any discrepancies in the ranking due to using different fuzzy numbers and weighting vectors.
Nonlinear Evolution of the Magnetorotational Instability in Eccentric Disks
Authors: Chan Chi-Ho , Piran Tsvi , Krolik Julian H.
Published: July 2022

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) has been extensively studied in circular magnetized disks, and its ability to drive accretion has been demonstrated in a multitude of scenarios. There are reasons to expect eccentric magnetized disks to also exist, but the behavior of the MRI in these disks remains largely uncharted territory. Here we present the first simulations that follow the nonlinear development of the MRI in eccentric disks. We find that the MRI in eccentric disks resembles circular disks in two ways, in the overall level of saturation and in the dependence of the detailed saturated state on magnetic topology. However, in contrast with circular disks, the Maxwell stress in eccentric disks can be negative in some disk sectors, even though the integrated stress is always positive. The angular momentum flux raises the eccentricity of the inner parts of the disk and diminishes the same of the outer parts. Because material accreting onto a black hole from an eccentric orbit possesses more energy than material tracing the innermost stable circular orbit, the radiative efficiency of eccentric disks may be significantly lower than circular disks. This may resolve the “inverse energy problem” seen in many tidal disruption events.
On the Origin of Observed Cosmic-Ray Spectrum Below 100 TV
Authors: Malkov Mikhail A. , Moskalenko Igor V.
Published: July 2022

Recent precise measurements of primary and secondary cosmic-ray (CR) species in the teravolt rigidity domain have unveiled a bump in their spectra, located between 0.5 and 50 TV. We argue that a local shock may generate such a bump by increasing the rigidity of the preexisting CRs below 50 TV by a mere factor of ∼1.5. Reaccelerated particles below ∼0.5 TV are convected with the interstellar medium flow and do not reach the Sun, thus creating the bump. This single universal process is responsible for the observed spectra of all CR species in the rigidity range below 100 TV. We propose that one viable shock candidate is the Epsilon Eridani star at 3.2 pc from the Sun, which is well aligned with the direction of the local magnetic field. Other shocks, such as old supernova shells, may produce a similar effect. We provide a simple formula, Equation (9), that reproduces the spectra of all CR species with only two nonadjustable shock parameters, uniquely derived from the proton data. We show how our formalism predicts helium and carbon spectra and the B/C ratio.
The Ages of Optically Bright Subclusters in the Serpens Star-forming Region
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Herczeg Gregory J. , Liu Yao , Fang Min , Kuhn Michael
Published: July 2022

The Serpens Molecular Cloud is one of the most active star-forming regions within 500 pc, with over 1000 young stellar objects (YSOs) at different evolutionary stages. The ages of the member stars inform us about the star formation history of the cloud. In this paper, we develop a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting method for nearby evolved (diskless) young stars from members of the Pleiades to estimate their ages, with a temperature scale adopted from APOGEE spectra. When compared with literature temperatures of selected YSOs in Orion, the SED fits to cool (<5000 K) stars have temperatures that differ by an average of ≲50 K and have a scatter of ∼210 K for both disk-hosting and diskless stars. We then apply this method to YSOs in the Serpens Molecular Cloud to estimate ages of optical members previously identified from Gaia DR2 astrometry data. The optical members in Serpens are concentrated in different subgroups with ages from ∼4 to ∼22 Myr; the youngest clusters, W40 and Serpens South, are dusty regions that lack enough optical members to be included in this analysis. These ages establish that the Serpens Molecular Cloud has been forming stars for much longer than has been inferred from infrared surveys.
Microphysics of Relativistic Collisionless Electron-ion-positron Shocks
Authors: Grošelj Daniel , Sironi Lorenzo , Beloborodov Andrei M.
Published: July 2022

We perform particle-in-cell simulations to elucidate the microphysics of relativistic weakly magnetized shocks loaded with electron-positron pairs. Various external magnetizations σ ≲ 10−4 and pair-loading factors Z
± ≲ 10 are studied, where Z
± is the number of loaded electrons and positrons per ion. We find the following: (1) The shock becomes mediated by the ion Larmor gyration in the mean field when σ exceeds a critical value σ
L that decreases with Z
±. At σ ≲ σ
L the shock is mediated by particle scattering in the self-generated microturbulent fields, the strength and scale of which decrease with Z
±, leading to lower σ
L. (2) The energy fraction carried by the post-shock pairs is robustly in the range between 20% and 50% of the upstream ion energy. The mean energy per post-shock electron scales as

E

¯

e

∝

Z

±

+
1

−
1

. (3) Pair loading suppresses nonthermal ion acceleration at magnetizations as low as σ ≈ 5 × 10−6. The ions then become essentially thermal with mean energy

E

¯

i

, while electrons form a nonthermal tail, extending from

E
∼

Z

±

+
1

−
1

E

¯

i

to

E

¯

i

. When σ = 0, particle acceleration is enhanced by the formation of intense magnetic cavities that populate the precursor during the late stages of shock evolution. Here, the maximum energy of the nonthermal ions and electrons keeps growing over the duration of the simulation. Alongside the simulations, we develop theoretical estimates consistent with the numerical results. Our findings have important implications for models of early gamma-ray burst afterglows.
Particle Acceleration in Magnetic Reconnection with Ad Hoc Pitch-angle Scattering
Authors: Johnson Grant , Kilian Patrick , Guo Fan , Li Xiaocan
Published: July 2022

Particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection is a long-standing topic in space, solar, and astrophysical plasmas. Recent 3D particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection show that particles can leave flux ropes due to 3D field-line chaos, allowing particles to access additional acceleration sites, gain more energy through Fermi acceleration, and develop a power-law energy distribution. This 3D effect does not exist in traditional 2D simulations, where particles are artificially confined to magnetic islands due to their restricted motions across field lines. Full 3D simulations, however, are prohibitively expensive for most studies. Here, we attempt to reproduce 3D results in 2D simulations by introducing ad hoc pitch-angle scattering to a small fraction of the particles. We show that scattered particles are able to transport out of 2D islands and achieve more efficient Fermi acceleration, leading to a significant increase of energetic particle flux. We also study how the scattering frequency influences the nonthermal particle spectra. This study helps achieve a complete picture of particle acceleration in magnetic reconnection.
Magnetic Helicity Flux Oscillations in the Atmospheres of Flaring and Nonflaring Active Regions
Authors: Korsós M. B. , Erdélyi R. , Huang X. , Morgan H.
Published: July 2022

Analyzing the evolution of magnetic helicity flux at different atmospheric heights is key for identifying its role in the dynamics of active regions (ARs). The three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field of both flaring and nonflaring ARs is constructed using potential field extrapolations, enabling the derivation of emergence, shearing, and total magnetic helicity components at a range of atmospheric heights. An analysis of temporal oscillations of the derived components shows that the largest significant period of the three helicity fluxes are common (within ±2 hr) from the photosphere up to at least 1 Mm for flaring ARs—being consistent with the presence of a coupled oscillatory behavior that is absent in the nonflaring ARs. We suggest that large, energetic solar eruptions may have been produced in ARs when the vertical and horizontal helicity flux components became a coupled oscillatory system in the low solar atmosphere.
Observation of S4716—a Star with a 4 yr Orbit around Sgr A*
Authors: Peißker Florian , Eckart Andreas , Zajaček Michal , Britzen Silke
Published: July 2022

The ongoing monitoring of the Galactic center and Sgr A*, the central supermassive black hole, produces surprising and unexpected findings. This goes hand in hand with the technical evolution of ground- and space-based telescopes and instruments, but also with the progression of image filter techniques such as the Lucy–Richardson algorithm. As we continue to trace the members of the S cluster close to Sgr A* on their expected trajectory around the supermassive black hole, we present the finding of a new stellar source, which we call S4716. The newly found star orbits Sgr A* in about 4.0 yr and can be detected with NIRC2 (Keck), OSIRIS (Keck), SINFONI (VLT), NACO (VLT), and GRAVITY (VLTI). With a periapse distance of about 100 au, S4716 shows an equivalent distance toward Sgr A* as S4711. These fast-moving stars undergo a similar dynamical evolution, since S4711–S4716 share comparable orbital properties. We will furthermore draw a connection between the recent finding of a new faint star called S300 and the data presented here. Additionally, we observed a blend-star event with S4716 and another newly identified S star S148 in 2017.
Long-term Evolution of Postexplosion Helium-star Companions of Type Iax Supernovae
Authors: Zeng Yaotian , Liu Zheng-Wei , Heger Alexander , McCully Curtis , Röpke Friedrich K. , Han Zhanwen
Published: July 2022

Supernovae of Type Iax (SNe Iax) are an accepted faint subclass of hydrogen-free supernovae. Their origin, the nature of the progenitor systems, however, is an open question. Recent studies suggest that the weak deflagration explosion of a near-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf in a binary system with a helium-star donor could be the origin of SNe Iax. In this scenario, the helium-star donor is expected to survive the explosion. We use the one-dimensional stellar evolution codes MESA and Kepler to follow the postimpact evolution of the surviving helium companion stars. The stellar models are based on our previous hydrodynamical simulations of ejecta–donor interaction, and we explore the observational characteristics of these surviving helium companions. We find that the luminosities of the surviving helium companions increase significantly after the impact: they could vary from 2500 L
⊙ to 16,000 L
⊙ for a Kelvin–Helmholtz timescale of about 104 yr. After the star reaches thermal equilibrium, it evolves as an O-type hot subdwarf (sdO) star and continues its evolution along the evolutionary track of a normal sdO star with the same mass. Our results will help to identify the surviving helium companions of SNe Iax in future observations and to place new constraints on their progenitor models.
Pharmacists‘ attitudes to dispensing food supplements to chronically ill patients: a pilot survey among community pharmacies in Bulgaria
Authors: Balkanska-Mitkova Antoaneta , Yaneva Antoniya , Kondeva-Burdina Magdalena , Dimitrova Maria
Published: July 2022

Background: Within the last years, excessive utilization of food supplements for prevention and prophylaxis in different chronic diseases is observed. In order to extend the control on the arrangement of the market, utilization, and safety of food supplements, the European Commission took genuine regulatory steps to harmonize the criteria for FS and to guarantee that they are not giving deceiving information. However, excessive use, uncontrolled patients consumption, exposure to higher than recommended intakes, and even interaction with specific medicines can cause toxicity risks and pose serious health concerns. The aim of this study is to examine the tendency of pharmacists to correctly recommend food supplements to chronically ill patients in order to extend the pharmaceutical care and prevent side effects.

Materials and methods: The used method is an anonymous survey that was conducted by using the direct questionnaire method among master pharmacists and assistant pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Bulgaria.

Results: The results show that the majority of the pharmacists are willing to recommend food supplements and that they could participate in the monitoring of chronically ill patients with food supplements intake. On the other side, the survey shows that most of the patients are seeking for food supplements and do ask for advice.

Conclusion: In conclusion, pharmacists as the most accessible health care professionals can provide more detailed information concerning food supplements in order to avoid negative effects on the safety of chronically ill patients, especially with additional training in the field.
Le capital comme commun
Authors: Jourdain Édouard
Published: July 2022

Les normes comptables sont la grammaire de l’économie. Réduites à leur dimension financière, elles excluent les coûts humains et environnementaux. D’autres modèles, notamment fondés sur les communs, proposent pourtant de les considérer sous contraintes écologiques et en font des outils de la démocratie économique.
Les communs anticapitalistes
Authors: Caffentzis George , Federici Silvia , Chalier Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Par le partage égalitaire des ressources, les communs n’ont rien à voir avec les rapports de production capitalistes. Ils sont les prémices d’une solidarité sociale, au-delà de l’État et du marché. Mais il faut prendre garde qu’ils ne soient récupérés par le capitalisme.
Le marché des hauts fonctionnaires
Authors: Gally Natacha
Published: July 2022

Le nouvel Institut national du service public, créé en remplacement de l’École nationale d’administration, ne favorise pas l’accès de profils sociologiquement plus variés. Son effet principal est la suppression des grands corps de l’État, donc l’ouverture d’un marché de la haute fonction publique.
La tribu
Authors: Guédon Stéphanie
Published: July 2022

Le concept de tribu, société nomade et sans État, sert toujours à désigner les populations autochtones d’Afrique du Nord. Mais il a porté la colonisation européenne, qui croyait reprendre ainsi l’héritage de l’Empire romain, ainsi que la patrimonialisation qui a suivi les indépendances. Débarrassé de sa charge idéologique, il reste pourtant utile pour décrire les réalités sociales du Maghreb.
Nietzsche, Foucault et la vérité
Authors: Perret Bernard
Published: July 2022

Dans Les Foudres de Nietzsche , Jacques Bouveresse se demande comment on a pu oublier la violence réactionnaire de Nietzsche. Et il regrette que Foucault s’appuie sur Nietzsche pour confondre la vérité avec les abus de pouvoir commis en son nom. Une telle confusion encourage en effet la défiance à l’égard de la science.
De l’européanisation à la mercosurisation des politiques d’enseignement supérieur : une comparaison de la construction des politiques de reconnaissance académique
Authors: Solanas Facundo
Published: July 2022

Les processus d’intégration régionale comme l’influence des organisations internationales ont une importance décisive à l’heure de promouvoir la flexibilisation des mécanismes de reconnaissance des diplômes universitaires. À l’aide des notions d’européanisation et de mercosurisation, nous comparons la façon dont la politique pour la reconnaissance académique (PRA) a été développée dans l’UE et le MERCOSUR. Ces deux ensembles régionaux ont construit différentes politiques publiques pour faciliter la mobilité des diplômés ou des étudiants respectifs dans les pays membres qui composent chaque région. Nous montrons les poids respectifs des organisations internationales, tels que l’OCDE, la BM, le FMI, entre autres, dans ces deux constructions qui ne suivent pas le même « modèle international ». Les processus d’intégration régionale comme les différents processus de transferts promus par ces organisations internationales ont eu un impact non négligeable sur les PRA, à la fois direct dans les cas de la BM et de l’OCDE et indirect dans le cas du FMI. En même temps, nous avons constaté que leur poids sur la construction de la PRA s’avère beaucoup plus important dans le cas du MERCOSUR que dans celui de l’UE.
Possibilities and limits in the appropriation of neoliberal research funding models: Social Sciences and Humanities funding in the Baltics
Authors: Tõnismann Teele
Published: July 2022

L’article analyse la circulation internationale des dispositifs de financement compétitifs à travers l’exemple de financements des sciences sociales et humaines dans trois pays postcommunistes - Estonie, Lettonie et Lituanie – de 1989 à 2015. En étudiant l’usage des instruments de financement sur projet par les acteurs nationaux de la réforme en collaboration avec d’autres dispositifs de financement public, l’article montre que les modes de financement (projets vs financements récurrents), ainsi que les orientations (international vs national), ont émergé davantage des luttes de pouvoir que de modèles de financement préexistants. Ainsi, des changements substantiels dans les politiques publiques n’ont eu lieu que lorsqu’ils étaient menés par les groupes d’acteurs ayant acquis précédemment une socialisation internationale. En outre, non seulement l’Union européenne, mais aussi d’autres pays tels que les États-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, le Danemark et la Finlande ont été déterminants dans ce processus.
The travelling vision and the wave of Big Neurosciences: What circulates when there is no model?
Authors: Kim Jongheon
Published: July 2022

Au cours de la dernière décennie, plusieurs projets de recherche sur le cerveau à grande échelle ont été lancés par différents gouvernements. Cette «vague des Big Neurosciences» remet en question le cadre théorique de la circulation du modèle politique puisqu’aucun modèle spécifique n’est identifiable. Pour appréhender cette «vague», cet article mène une étude comparative (Union européenne, États-Unis, Corée du Sud) en s’appuyant sur la notion de la vision itinérante et de l’imaginaire sociotechnique. L’étude démontre que (1) la vision itinérante des Big Neurosciences a inspiré les acteurs locaux et les a encouragés à élaborer des projets à grande échelle; (2) la vision des Big Neurosciences a été interprétée différemment par les acteurs locaux et reformulée tout au long de la négociation avec les institutions intégrant des imaginaires particuliers, ce qui a entraîné des projets à grande échelle divergents dans chaque cas. Les résultats suggèrent que la vision itinérante et la vague des Big Neurosciences ont renforcé le « solutionnisme » technologique et les imaginaires dominants existants, ce qui nuirait à la démocratie en permettant à leurs promoteurs de contourner les débats sociaux inclusifs.
Can Ethics Consultation Services Evolve to Support the Moral Distress of Caregivers?
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: July 2022

Ethics consultation services were first implemented in the 1970s to provide physicians, other care providers, and family members with expert advice to address difficult ethical dilemmas in care. As nurses are increasingly confronted with moral dilemmas related to patient preferences, needs, and choices that conflict with their personal beliefs, the need for professional support has never been greater. This need may signal a new role for ethics consultation services.

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J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(7):297–298.]
A Virtual World: New Graduate Education in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Sibrian Julia , Hutapea Kimberly , Dunbar Ghada B. , Kawar Lina Najib
Published: July 2022

In this article, the authors share strategies of adult learning principles for successful transition to virtual learning for new graduate clinical nurses. Knowles' theory was used to redesign a simulation-based education approach to fulfill the diverse learning needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The delivery of efficient, effective, and meaningful education was achieved by leveraging technology. This evidence-based strategy was delivered via a cost-effective virtual platform that offered improved accessibility and convenience of education without compromising the quality of the educational outcomes, participant engagement, or learner satisfaction. This virtual platform incorporating a variety of active learning strategies exhibited effective practices, engaging the new graduate clinical nurses and enhancing their acquiring, retaining, and applying knowledge in providing high-quality and safe patient care. It demonstrated the promise that virtual education holds for future programs to enhance professional development and build the nursing workforce. Nurse educators can be instrumental in advancing this virtual agenda.

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J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(7):307–311.]
Dynamic graph Conv-LSTM model with dynamic positional encoding for the large-scale traveling salesman problem
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Zhibin
Published: July 2022

Recent research has showen that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be used to design better heuristics for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) on the small scale, but does not do well when generalized to large instances. In order to improve the generalization ability of the model when the nodes change from small to large, we propose a dynamic graph Conv-LSTM model (DGCM) to the solve large-scale TSP. The noted feature of our model is the use of a dynamic encoder-decoder architecture and a convolution long short-term memory network, which enable the model to capture the topological structure of the graph dynamically, as well as the potential relationships between nodes. In addition, we propose a dynamic positional encoding layer in the DGCM, which can improve the quality of solutions by providing more location information. The experimental results show that the performance of the DGCM on the large-scale TSP surpasses the state-of-the-art DRL-based methods and yields good performance when generalized to real-world datasets. Moreover, our model compares favorably to heuristic algorithms and professional solvers in terms of computational time.
Improvement Trajectories in Patient-Reported Outcomes Between Males and Females After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bjornsen Elizabeth , Lisee Caroline , Schwartz Todd A. , Creighton Robert , Kamath Ganesh , Spang Jeffrey , Blackburn Troy , Pietrosimone Brian
Published: July 2022

Context

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are used to track recovery and inform clinical decision-making after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Whether sex influences the trajectory of improvements in PROs over time post-ACLR remains unclear.

Objectives

To (1) examine the effect of sex on the association between months post-ACLR and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Quality of Life (QOL) scores in individuals with ACLR and (2) assess sex differences in the KOOS QOL score at selected timepoints post-ACLR.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 133 females (20± 3 years) and 85 males (22 ± 4 years) within 6 to 60 months of primary, unilateral ACLR.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The KOOS QOL was completed at a single follow-up timepoint post-ACLR. A multivariate linear regression model was calculated to assess the interaction of sex on the association between months post-ACLR and KOOS QOL score. Sex-specific linear regression models were then used to predict KOOS QOL estimated marginal means at each clinical timepoint (6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months post-ACLR) and compare the sexes.

Results

In the primary model (R2 = 0.16, P < .0001), a significant interaction existed between sex and time post-ACLR (β = −0.46, P < .01). Greater months post-ACLR were associated with better KOOS QOL scores for males (R2 = 0.29, β = 0.69, P < .001); months post-ACLR was a weaker predictor of KOOS QOL scores for females (R2 = 0.04, β = 0.23, P < .02). Estimated marginal means for KOOS QOL scores were greater for males than females at 36 months (t210 = 2.76, P < .01), 48 months (t210 = 3.02, P < .01), and 60 months (t210 = 3.09, P = .02) post-ACLR.

Conclusions

Males exhibited PRO improvement post-ACLR as the months post-ACLR increased, whereas females did not demonstrate the same magnitude of linear increase in KOOS QOL score. Females may require extended intervention to improve clinical outcomes post-ACLR and address a plateau in QOL score.
Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Prevention via Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Chen Ling , Gong Xuezhong
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), and drug-induced AKI (DI-AKI) is becoming a serious public health concern. DI-AKI can be triggered by multiple drugs, alone or in combination. The incidence, pathological mechanisms, and risk factors of DI-AKI are largely unknown. Thus, there is a need for greater monitoring of DI-AKI to reduce the risks of serious complications and other hazards related to DI-AKI. This review summarizes the epidemiology of DI-AKI, along with its potential pathogenesis, associated drugs, independent risk factors, and possible early biomarkers. Additionally, because certain traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions and their components have been reported to prevent and treat some types of DI-AKI (e.g., contrast-induced AKI), this review summarizes TCM methods for the prevention and treatment of DI-AKI.
Perioperative Management of Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves-A Narrative Review
Authors: Nath Soumya Sankar , Parashar Samiksha
Published: July 2022

Worldwide, about 13% of the 200,000 annual recipients of prosthetic heart valves (PHV) present for various surgical procedures. Also, more and more females are opting for pregnancies after having PHV. All patients with PHV present unique challenges for the anesthesiologists, surgeons and obstetricians (in case of deliveries). They have to deal with the perioperative management of anticoagulation and a host of other issues involved. We reviewed the English language medical literature relevant to the different aspects of perioperative management of patients with PHV, particularly the guidelines of reputed societies that appeared in the last 20 years. Regression of cardiac pathophysiology following valve replacement is variable both in extent and timeline. The extent to which reverse remodeling occurs depends on the perioperative status of the heart. We discussed the perioperative assessment of patients with PHV, including focused history and relevant investigations with the inferences drawn. We examined the need for prophylaxis against infective endocarditis and management of anticoagulation in such patients in the perioperative period and the guidelines of reputed societies. We also reviewed the conduct of anesthesia, including general and regional anesthesia (neuraxial and peripheral nerve/plexus blocks) in such patients. Finally, we discussed the management of delivery in this group of high-risk patients. From the discussion of different aspects of perioperative management of patients with PHV, we hope to guide in formulating the comprehensive plan of management of safe anesthesia in such patients.
Supramitral Membrane with Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus
Authors: Singh Ajmer
Published: July 2022

A 4-year-old child with supramitral membrane (SMM) causing severe mitral stenosis (MS) was taken for excision of the membrane. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed a large thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA) in addition to SMM. The case underscores the importance of this extremely rare association and prompt therapy to prevent catastrophic consequences.
Interrogation of Superior Vena Cava by Deep Transgastric Transesophageal Echocardiography Imaging
Authors: Arora Nishant Ram , Maddali Madan Mohan , Kaur Charanjit
Published: July 2022

The advantages of intraoperative deep transgastric interrogation by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) of the superior vena cava (SVC) in comparison to the standard bicaval view was studied in pediatric cardiac surgical cases. The view was found to be helpful in obtaining additional data in pediatric cardiac surgical patients.
Hepatitis with Syncytial Giant Cells in an Elderly Man
Authors: Abrari Andleeb , Kattu Wajidha Perinkada , Akhtar Kafil
Published: July 2022

Giant cell transformation of hepatocytes is a nonspecific tissue reaction in neonates that is rarely seen outside of infancy. In children, it is particularly striking in cholestatic disorders and is prominent in neonatal hepatitis. In older patients, the presence of numerous hepatocyte giant cells is termed adult or postinfantile giant cell hepatitis (PIGCH) or syncytial giant cell hepatitis. About 25.0% of reported patients with PIGCH remain stable or have a gradual resolution of the disease. Corticosteroid treatment results in improvement in some but not all patients, and in the setting of autoimmune hepatitis, the clinical course may be progressive. We present a rare case of adult giant cell syncytial hepatitis with associated steatosis in a 79-year-old male, who presented with complaints of abdominal fullness, nausea, loss of appetite, and jaundice for the past 1 month.
Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique versus Positional Release Therapy on Range of Motion and Pain in Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Chauhan Priya , Khare Kapil , Vachchani Khushboo , Kapoor Gaurav
Published: July 2022

Low back ache is the largest cause of sick leave, and half of the population will have experienced a significant incident of low back ache by the age of 30. In India, low back ache prevalence has been reported to be around 23.09%. Severe pain in the lower back is sequel of numerous causes, such as faulty posture, muscular dysfunction (e.g.: muscular imbalance and short or weak muscle), overuse, instability and articular dysfunction in the low back, accident or trauma and most commonly road vehicle accidents. In 85%–90% of cases of lower back ache are non-specific in nature. The function and co-ordination of the muscles that stabilise the lumbar spine, especially the back extensor muscles are often impaired in patients with low back pain. Erector spinae strain and fatigue is one of the causes of back pain. A total of 30 subjects with acute low back pain participated in this study. Group A were treated with hot moist pack and muscle energy technique (MET), whereas Group B were treated with hot moist pack and positional release therapy (PRT). Both the groups received a conventional training protocol for 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The result from these tables shows changes in both the groups, with statistically significant changes were noticed in Group B. The present study showed that both PRT and MET within hot moist packs could be of benefit in the treatment of acute low back pain associated erector spinae muscle spasm. There was significant difference in the intensity of pain within the groups and between the groups after 4 weeks of treatment. Reduction in pain intensity was significant in the PRT group. Pain relief was achieved with both Group A and Group B, but was appreciably more significant in the PRT group. There is a significant difference between both Groups A and B. Hence, PRT is more effective than MET.
Care of Patient with Mucormycosis
Authors: Paul Glory , Leena Veda , Manjula  , Praveena
Published: July 2022

Mucormycosis is the second-most frequent mould infection in immunocompromised patients and can progress rapidly. Early diagnosis, surgical debridement, systemic antifungal therapy and control of underlying conditions are the key elements in the successful management of this infection.
Impact of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery on Liver Diseases
Authors: Agarwal Lokesh , Chekuri Ritvik , Singla Vitish , Kumar Arun , Shalimar  , Aggarwal Sandeep
Published: July 2022

The obesity pandemic has led to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease as being a major cause of chronic liver disease and liver transplantation worldwide. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), through a significant and sustained weight loss, has been shown to have a positive impact on both liver steatohepatitis and fibrosis. This review article aims to present and critically appraise the current literature on the impact of MBS on liver disease and highlight its increasing acceptance within the liver transplant community.
Study on factors associated with post bronchodilator reversibility among patients presenting with dyspnea
Authors: Mehta Asmita A. , Surendran Divya , Sudhakar Nidhi , George Richie , Paul Tisa , Ashok Aditya
Published: July 2022

Background:

The change in FEV1 after administration of a short-acting bronchodilator has been widely used for diagnosis of obstructive airway diseases. Many factors can influence the post bronchodilator reversibility

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to estimate the presence of reversibility among the patients of obstructive airway disease and to identify the factors affecting it

Methods:

Patients who presented to the department of respiratory medicine with symptoms of dyspnea were evaluated with spirometry. Spirometry and post bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) was defined as per international guidelines. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 was considered significant

Results:

Out of 100 patients studied, 33 had BDR. Median age of the population was 58 ± 17 years. There were 72 non-smokers and 58 men. A total of 32 had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 56 had asthma, and 12 had normal spirometry. The median pre and post bronchodilator FEV1 was 1.34L/Sec and 1.46 L/sec respectively. Twenty-seven of asthma (41%) and 6 of COPD (19%) had BDR (P = 0.05). Other factors associated with BDR were smoking (P = 0.035). There was no statistically significant correlation found between eosinophilia, gender, severity of obstruction, BMI, height, weight and age

Conclusion:

The prevalence of post BDR in the study population was 33%. The factors affecting BDR were smoking status, and asthma. The study did not show any significant correlation between BDR and eosinophilia, gender, height and age.