bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graves’ disease in an adolescent presenting with increased intracranial pressure and bilateral papilledema
Authors: Nguyen Jay , Joseph Dennis
Published: April 2022

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can present with symptoms of headache, vomiting, visual changes, and tinnitus. Papilledema may be seen on physical exam. Thyroid disease has been a rare secondary cause of increased ICP. We present a 16-year-old female who had a worsening headache for 6 months. She was found to have signs, symptoms, physical exam findings, and diagnostic studies consistent with both increased ICP and previously undiagnosed Graves’ disease. The patient was treated with a 19-month course of methimazole 40 mg daily. Her headache and papilledema resolved shortly after medication initiation. The timeline of symptoms and resolution of her increased ICP symptoms with treatment of Graves’ disease suggests that hyperthyroidism was the underlying cause of her increased ICP. Clinicians should consider Graves’ disease as the etiology in pediatric patients presenting with signs and symptoms of increased ICP with papilledema.

Learning points

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) include headache, vomiting, transient visual changes, and tinnitus.

Secondary causes of increased ICP should be considered in males, young children, older patients, and those not overweight.

Clinicians should consider Graves’ disease as the etiology in pediatric patients presenting with signs and symptoms of increased ICP with papilledema. They should assess for orbitopathy and thyromegaly and inquire about symptoms that would be indicative of hyperthyroidism.
Error bounds of a function related to generalized Lipschitz class via the pseudo-Chebyshev wavelet and its applications in the approximation of functions
Authors: Lal S. , Kumar S. , Mishra S.K. , Awasthi A.K.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a new computation method derived to solve the problems of approximation theory. This method is based upon pseudo-Chebyshev wavelet approximations. The pseudo-Chebyshev wavelet is being presented for the first time. The pseudo-Chebyshev wavelet is constructed by the pseudo-Chebyshev functions. The method is described and after that the error bounds of a function is analyzed. We have illustrated an example to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the pseudo-Chebyshev wavelet approximation method and the main results. Four new error bounds of the function related to generalized Lipschitz class via the pseudo-Chebyshev wavelet are obtained. These estimators are the new fastest and best possible in theory of wavelet analysis.
$m$-quasi-$*$-Einstein contact metric manifolds
Authors: Kumara H.A. , Venkatesha V. , Naik D.M.
Published: April 2022

The goal of this article is to introduce and study the characterstics of $m$-quasi-$*$-Einstein metric on contact Riemannian manifolds. First, we prove that if a Sasakian manifold admits a gradient $m$-quasi-$*$-Einstein metric, then $M$ is $\eta$-Einstein and $f$ is constant. Next, we show that in a Sasakian manifold if $g$ represents an $m$-quasi-$*$-Einstein metric with a conformal vector field $V$, then $V$ is Killing and $M$ is $\eta$-Einstein. Finally, we prove that if a non-Sasakian $(\kappa,\mu)$-contact manifold admits a gradient $m$-quasi-$*$-Einstein metric, then it is $N(\kappa)$-contact metric manifold or a $*$-Einstein.
Enhancing wellbeing: designing to enable desired narratives
Authors: Jordan Patrick W. , Gupta Muskan , Bardill Andy , Herd Kate , Grimaldi Silvia
Published: April 2022

Recent research has looked at how products and services can enable positive narratives about those who use them and at the beneficial impact that this has on wellbeing. To date this work has focused on how users’ desired life-narratives can be identified from the products and services they most cherish and which add the greatest value to their lives. This paper reports an exploratory study aimed at taking the work to the next stage - starting with a desired set of narratives and designing a product or service that enables them. A user (n = 1) worked with the research team, using an autoethnographic approach, to identify his desired life narratives. He then designed an experience – in this case a motorcycle rally – to enable a selection of these narratives. It was concluded that the outcomes suggest that it is possible to design for a set of desired narratives. However, challenges remain in terms of making the approach scalable. A multistage approach to meeting these is outlined.
Discursos conservadores sobre la educación sexual en Costa Rica. Las advertencias sobre la inclusión de contenidos pornográficos
Authors: Sequeira Rovira Paula
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza la preocupación de grupos conservadores que señalan que la “ideología de género” es la responsable de introducir contenidos pornográficos en la educación sexual formal. Esta tendencia propone la existencia de intereses que buscan despertar conductas similares a las que aparecen en las películas para adultos entre menores de edad. Bajo estas advertencias se busca desprestigiar los planes de estudio provenientes de los Estados y se sugiere la protección de la inocencia a través de la instrucción en casa. La hipótesis de trabajo plantea que la exaltación de lenguaje sexualizado por parte de los grupos conservadores genera visibilidad de su mensaje y les hace ganar notoriedad para continuar posicionándose en contra de este tipo de pedagogía. Para realizar el análisis se usaron documentos noticiosos de la década de 1990 y otros más recientes que responden a los últimos cinco años. También se recurrió a artículos de revistas, tesis y libros. Se le dio principal importancia a lo ocurrido en Costa Rica, aunque también se utilizaron ejemplos de México, Perú, Chile, Argentina, Brasil y Colombia aparecidos en Internet que muestran angustias similares con el fin de argumentar que esta no es una tendencia exclusiva de un único país.
Petrographic evidences of open-system magmatic processes in the felsic rocks of the northern part of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)
Authors: Kiri Luca , Szemerédi Máté , Pál-Molnár Elemér
Published: April 2022

Over the almost 190 years-long research of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif (Eastern Carpathians, Romania), felsic rocks have been regarded as homogeneous, uniform units of the igneous complex. Nevertheless, our detailed textural study revealed that the felsic suite (diorite–alkaline feldspar syenite and nepheline-bearing syenite–granite series) cropping out north of the Jolotca Creek valley is more heterogenous at micro-scale than previously thought. This heterogeneity partly derives from abundant mafic mineral-rich clusters; nevertheless, felsic minerals also exhibit various, remarkable textural features. Outcrop to micro-scale traits of felsic crystal settling, mafic mineral aggregates and flow fabrics along with metamorphic country rock xenoliths suggest that the studied rocks crystallized under dynamic magmatic conditions. Cumulate formation, shear flow, convection currents as well as various open-system magmatic processes (e.g., magma recharge, magma mixing and mingling, crystal or mush transfer and recycling, country rock assimilation) played a significant role in the petrogenesis of the examined felsic suite.

Based on field observations as well as on the microtextural relationship of the minerals, two major groups of felsic rocks were distinguished: (1) felsic rocks (lacking or containing sparse mafic minerals) spatially associated with mafic rocks and (2) felsic rocks (with mafic minerals and clots) spatially unassociated with mafic rocks. Rocks of the former group are dominated by plagioclase, accompanied by minor alkaline feldspar, biotite and accessory titanite. Distinct structural and textural features suggest the physical accumulation of the rock-forming phases. Such textural properties can also be observed in some rocks of the second group. Isolated mafic minerals are rather scarce in the latter; nevertheless, different types of aggregates made up of either identical or various mafic phases are more common. Clustered minerals are either intact or show different stages of alteration.

A detailed petrographic study of the above-mentioned peculiarities has been implemented in order to define their potential origin(s) and petrogenetic significance.
Influence of the surface modification of BaTiO3 nanoparticles by hydrolyzed chitosan obtained from shrimp exoskeletons on the optical response intensity of the second harmonic
Authors: Angelats-Silva Luis M. , Pérez-Azahuanche Fredy , Roldan-Lopez José A. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Céspedes-Vásquez Rudy B. , Valverde-Alva Miguel A.
Published: April 2022

Ferroelectric nanoparticles, due to their high non-linear optical response, are of considerable practical interest for their use as nanoprobes for the study of biological materials by multiphoton microscopy methods. To prevent toxic effects, it is necessary to modify the surface using biocompatible polymers. Here we report the results of the study on the effect of surface modification of BaTiO3 nanoparticles with hydrolyzed chitosan obtained from shrimp exoskeletons (Penaeus vannamei). It was found that increasing of the hydrolyzed chitosan concentration in the solution during surface modification from 1 to 3% leads to a significant reduction in nanoparticle agglomeration, while the intensity of the second harmonic generation changes insignificantly.

Graphical abstract
Espacios públicos y privados del clero secular de la Honduras del siglo XVII: estudio comparativo de dieciséis sacerdotes seculares
Authors: Cardona-Amaya José-Manuel
Published: April 2022

En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio comparativo de los espacios públicos y privados en los que se desenvolvieron dieciséis sacerdotes en la Honduras del siglo XVII. En específico se analizan los espacios familiares, educativos, profesionales y misioneros con el propósito de establecer generalidades sobre la carrera clerical en esa provincia. Los datos han sido obtenidos de expedientes de méritos del Archivo General de Indias y han sido consignados en tablas comparativas.
«Beneficia Dei, Beneficium Christi». Ortodoxia, heterodoxia y herejía en el pensamiento hispano de la primera mitad del XVI
Authors: Díaz-Martín José-Manuel
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo se propone aclarar los discursos en torno al beneficio divino en la primera mitad del XVI español. Primero, esbozando la tradición de partida, que se verá confrontada a continuación con el pensamiento alumbrado, en sus dimensiones esotérica y exotérica. Tras ello, sugiere contemplar la teología luterana del beneficio como resultado de una mala comprensión de las lecciones romanas de Dionisio Vázquez y muestra el camino que siguió de vuelta a España a través de los Valdés. Un retorno que, junto al desafío alumbrado, propone finalmente, encontrará respuesta en la obra castellana de Luis de Granada, tras los pasos de Juan de Ávila.
Influence of polyamines of bacterial origin on the production of key cytokines in the culture of human mononuclear leukocytes
Authors: Godovalov A. P. , Karpunina T. I.
Published: April 2022

To date, participation of biogenic polyamines has been studied in details, with respect to regulation of microbial gene expression, interrelations between bacteria, development of their persistence state. Opportunity of their use as markers of human pathological conditions is being actively evaluated. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of bacterial diamines, i.e., cadaverine and putrescine, upon production of key cytokines (IFNγ and IL-4) in the culture of human mononuclear leukocytes. We studied leukocytes of peripheral venous blood obtained from 18 healthy male volunteers (mean age 24.0±0.6 years). The leukocytes were isolated by means of gradient centrifugation using a Ficoll-Verografin mixture. For the cultivation of lymphocytes, a micro-method and plastic round-bottom 96-well plates were used. Concanavalin A at a concentration of 5 μg/ml was used as a T cell mitogen. Polyamines were used at final concentrations of 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM/L. The cultivation was carried out in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2, at 37 °C for 72 hours. At the end of incubation, the culture medium was collected and frozen for subsequent quantitative enzyme immunoassays of cytokine concentrations (IFNγ and IL-4) (Russia). Viable cells were counted using Goryaev chamber after staining with 0.1% trypan blue solution. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney test. Addition of cadaverine at all concentrations reduced IFNγ production in the culture of mitogen-activated cells. When culturing leukocytes supplied with putrescine (5 to 50 μM/L), a dose-dependent decrease of IFNγ was observed. Upon further increase of putrescine concentrations, the IFNγ production is restored to the values of the control samples. Direct toxic effect of polyamines upon the cells was revealed. Both the diamines, at the doses of 50, 75, and 100 μM/L, caused increase of IL-4 production by the mitogen-activated cells. Such changes can be associated both with direct cytotoxic effect of cadaverine and putrescine, being mediated by changes of some metabolic pathways. In addition, the effects of polyamines upon monocytes present in culture can include their anti-inflammatory state, e.c., an increased IL-4 production. In general, cadaverine and putrescine, produced by microorganisms of various taxonomic groups, regulate the effectiveness of compensatory-adaptive reactions that ensure adaptation of microbial populations to changing or unfavorable environmental conditions.
Post-vaccination immunity phenotypes upon usage of EpiVacCorona vaccine in the persons who suffered COVID-19
Authors: Sizyakina L. P. , Andrreeva I. I. , Kharitonova M. V. , Zaitseva N. S. , Lyubimov D. S. , Zakurskaya V. Ya. , Totolian A. А.
Published: April 2022

The dominance of reliably immunized population is a fundamental factor in prevention of COVID-19 pandemia, with immune prophylaxis taking a dominant position. Due to lack of clear data on the intensity of specific immunity after a new coronavirus infection, consolidation of immunological memory by vaccination becomes the urgent task, in order to exclude the risk of re-involvement of previously ill patients into the epidemic process. Meanwhile, many questions related to vaccination of COVID-19 survivors do not get distinct answers. To study the features of immune response, using a vaccine based on SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigens (EpiVacCorona), we monitored 81 participants. The inclusion criteria were data confirming COVID-19 in the anamnesis (medical documentation), low levels or absence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, and negative PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2. When assessing the data of post-vaccinal immunity checked 21 days after 1st dose of the vaccine, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those who did not respond, and those who developed the immune response. In order to identify possible reasons for different phenotypic patterns of humoral response to vaccination, a comparative analysis of B lymphocyte indexes was carried out in these groups. Absolute counts, subpopulation composition and activation potential of peripheral blood B lymphocytes were determined by flow cytofluorometry using appropriate labeled monoclonal antibodies purchased from Beсkman Coulter. Comparative analysis of B lymphocyte indexes on the day of first vaccination showed that the persons who did not respond to the vaccine had smaller counts of circulating B cells, i.e., both percentage and absolute cell numbers, than in comparison group, as well as changed ratio of B1-to-B2 subpopulations. After administration of the first vaccine dose (by day +21), in alternative variant of the antibody response to V1, the differences in the parameters of B cells were presented as a smaller percentage and absolute numbers of regulatory B lymphocytes in non-responding participants. Moreover, the contents of minor B cell subpopulations were decreased in the non-responding group than in the comparison group, thus affecting the values of the B1:B2 ratio. In general, the presented data demonstrate that the absence of secondary immune response to antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 peptide vaccine could be is associated with altered differentiation of B1 and B2 subpopulations, B regulatory lymphocytes, B memory cells.
Streptococcus pyogenes: phenomenon of nonimmune binding of human immunoglobulins and its role in pathology
Authors: Burova L. A. , Suvorov A. N. , Totolian A. A.
Published: April 2022

M and M-like proteins represent the main pathogenicity factors of Streptococcus pyogenes, a widely spread and potentially lethal bacterial pathogen. These proteins provide resistance of the microbe to innate and adaptive immune response, due to attraction of specific human proteins to the streptococcal surface. Nonimmune binding of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and A (IgA) via their Fc domains to M and M-like proteins was described over 40 years ago, but its role for the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes is far from definite resolution. The discovery of this phenomenon should be considered among quite significant achievements of modern microbiology, since it had a huge impact upon development of innovative approaches, technologies and tools for microbiological, immunological and molecular diagnostics. It also promoted fundamental studies in pathogenesis of distinct infectious states and their complications caused by S. pyogenes. The non-immune binding of host immunoglobulins was previously suggested to be important mainly in immune conditions on the surface of mucous membranes and their secretions, but not in blood plasma, whereas other studies have pointed to significance of this phenomenon in protecting microbes from phagocytosis in non-immune blood of the host. It was also shown that the effect of Fc-binding causes increased pathogenicity of streptococci both in primary focus of infection, and during chronical course of the process, thus contributing to development of autoimmune diseases caused by S. pyogenes infection and leading to tissue damage in experimental animals. The experimental autoimmune process can be prevented by administering purified Fc fragments of immunoglobulins to the animals, blocking this process at the early stages of its development. A significant place in pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) belongs to streptococcal diseases. IgAN has been described as a mesangial proliferative process, due to initial IgA-Fcα deposition in renal mesangium cells. The data from literature describe successful modeling of individual IgAN traits, and expand our understanding of pathogenic properties and functions of Fcα binding receptor M proteins of S. pyogenes. The data reviewed in the article also presume the relevance of recently proposed ideas about an important role of non-immune Ig binding in streptococcal diseases, even in cases that differ in their development mechanism. These studies, including possible search for tools and techniques of preventive and potentially therapeutic applications, require additional efforts to study the binding of Fc fragments of IgG and IgA to M and M-like proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes.
The Use of Toponyms in the Spontaneous Speech of Hungarians Living in Vojvodina and Prekmurje
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Pilipenko Gleb P.
Published: April 2022

The paper discusses for the first time the toponyms occurring in the spontaneous speech of Hungarians living in the bilingual regions of Vojvodina (Serbia) and Prekmurje (Slovenia). The author aims to reveal the patterns and general trends in the use of Hungarian and Slavic forms of toponyms in the speech of informants of two contact regions. Another task is to outline the features of morphological adaptation of borrowed place names to the case system of the Hungarian language (cases expressing direction and location). The data for the study was collected from 2012 to 2019 during the author’s field research, specifically by conducting semistructured interviews with informants. It is stated that the interlocutors use both Hungarian and Slavic toponyms in their spontaneous speech. We can often find variability: in the speech of one informant, both options may occur. The use of the Slavic form of a toponym is accompanied by metalinguistic comments, explaining the choice of this form in the narrative. The comments can be brief or more detailed. Both Hungarian and Slavic toponyms are used mainly with external local cases (supersessive, sublative, delative). However, there are cases of interference with Slavic languages, when Hungarian variants of toponyms, as well as borrowed toponyms from Slavic languages, are used in internal local cases (equivalents of Slavic case constructions), but this is less common. In broad terms, there’s a lot of uniformity regarding the use of toponyms in the speech of the respondents from Vojvodina and Prekmurje. It now is planned to verify whether similar processes occur in the speech of Hungarians living in other bordering countries (both Slavic and non-Slavic), to build a more comprehensive typology. Slavic forms of toponyms should be included in the Termini dictionary which lists borrowings in the speech of Hungarian diaspora.
Effect of pore modulating additives-sepiolite and colloidal nano silica-on physical, mechanical and durability properties of lime-based renders
Authors: Stazi Francesca , Corinaldesi Valeria , Capotondo Ylenia , Porcarelli Ilaria , Di Perna Costanzo , D’Orazio Marco
Published: April 2022

In hot-humid climates, porous external surfaces of the buildings with high water sorption capabilities could contribute to the surface temperatures reduction through the release of latent heat by evaporative cooling. On the other hand, compact and low permeable finishing materials could have mechanical and durability benefits respect to the underlying supports, for example reducing the permeability to degrading agents. In this paper, the properties of lime base coat renders with pore modulating additives (sepiolite and colloidal nano silica) have been surveyed to evaluate their effectiveness in water absorption, thermal performance, and the fulfilment of mechanical requirements for the application on the external side of the walls. A traditional lime–sand formulation was taken as reference. After preliminary tests on workability and shrinkage, the optimal mix designs were selected and the samples were subjected to several mechanical and thermo-hygrometric tests, before and after accelerated aging. The results allowed demonstrating that the use of sepiolite in substitution of sand, enhances the render ductility, thermal resistance and water uptake but worsens its mechanical stability, increasing the shrinkage effects and slightly reducing the ultimate strength values. The addition of colloidal nano silica, either to lime–sepiolite or to lime–sand renders, fails to produce any improvement in their either physical or mechanical behavior. Mixed formulations (lime–sand with sepiolite and nano silica) behave as simple lime–sand solutions, showing optimal compressive and flexural strength but reduced water uptake capabilities. This demonstrates that the presence of sand prevails in the performance of the render, and that the adoption of other additives doesn’t worth the cost for the benefit presented.
Social Difference and the Common Good: An Experiment on the Effect of Group Salience on Citizen Deliberation
Authors: Khoban Zohreh
Published: April 2022

Mini-publics, such as citizens' assemblies and citizens' juries, typically invite a small number of citizens to deliberate on a political issue. To ensure the inclusion of different social groups, scholars usually suggest stratified or quota sampling. However, given that the sampling method is known to selected participants, such measures not only secure the presence of individuals from different social groups; they also emphasize the salience of social group differences. Since the deliberative process involves both highlighting and transcending differences, this paper explores whether the emphasis on social group difference associated with stratified and quota sampling triggers a trade-off between expectations of observing and acknowledging differences, on the one hand, and expectations of humble communication and reflexivity in deliberation, on the other hand. The main finding is that emphasizing group differences raises expectations of observing and acknowledging differences without lowering the prospect of humble communication and reflexivity.
La legitimación activa “popular” y la tutela efectiva en la acción de inconstitucionalidad en Ecuador
Authors: Escudero Soliz Jhoel
Published: April 2022

El artículo analiza la legitimación activa y la tutela judicial efectiva de la acción pública de inconstitucionalidad en Ecuador. El estudio demostró que la ciudadanía y los colectivos no tenían posibilidades reales para que sus demandas de inconstitucionalidad sean aceptadas por la Corte Constitucional. A partir de los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, se examinaron las demandas presentadas y las sentencias expedidas entre 2008 y 2018; información que permitió revisar los desarrollos jurisprudenciales de acción popular concebida como amplia y sin restricciones. Al contrastar los datos con los contenidos de la jurisprudencia, los resultados fueron incompatibles, los ciudadanos no lograron efectivizar el control constitucional en favor de sus derechos a pesar de que las sentencias hacen alusión a lo popular de la acción. De otro lado, se verificó que las acciones presentadas por las empresas y el Estado sí fueron efectivas, resultando favorables a sus intereses económicos y potestades públicas.
Democracia constitucional y crisis sanitaria. Reflexiones en torno a la pandemia y el diseño constitucional
Authors: Jiménez Ramírez Milton César
Published: April 2022

La democracia constitucional es un procedimiento y una práctica que dispone la mayor participación posible de los ciudadanos en los asuntos públicos, así como la búsqueda dedecisiones legitimas a través de un diálogo igualitario e incluyente. La democracia constitucional es la garantía del autogobierno popular en consonancia con la protección de losderechos humanos. Este escrito hará una aproximación a los principales impactos generados por la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 sobre la democracia constitucional. Por ello, bajo un método cualitativo (documental) con enfoque analítico, hermenéutico y crítico se procederá a: (i) Analizar el concepto de democracia constitucional y sus principales desviaciones; (ii) Identificar la crisis sanitaria como un  fenómeno que impulsa la insuficiencia del diseño constitucional, lo que se expresa desde el ámbito político, social e institucional. Como conclusión se mostrará la necesidad de repensar el diseño constitucional, especialmente desde la deliberación y el reforzamiento del sistema de controles al poderpresidencial.
La constitucionalización de la responsabilidad y su proyección en la jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado colombiano
Authors: Arenas Mendoza Hugo Andrés
Published: April 2022

Este artículo de investigación tiene por objetivo demostrar que a partir del artículo 90 de la Constitución se ha producido el fenómeno de la constitucionalización de la responsabilidad estatal y, concretamente, la modificación de la jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado. La metodología aplicada es la inductiva y se parte del análisis histórico para demostrar como el Consejo de Estado introdujo la figura de la constitucionalización en sus decisiones, su argumentación y su aplicación en sus sentencias. A partir de esto, se evidenció que el Consejo de Estado aplica las directrices de la norma fundamental, en cuatro ámbitos principales: 1. El impacto de la constitucionalización en los elementos configuradores de la responsabilidad; 2. La importancia de la introducción del control de convencionalidad; 3. La clasificación de los daños inmateriales y la creación de la de los daños a bienes constitucional o convencionalmente protegidos y 4. La reparación integral del daño.
Ways to Evaluate Teachers' Professional Performance in the Context of Performance Based Payment Policies
Authors: AKSOY Semra , ŞAHİN Sevilay
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze the opinions of secondary and high school teachers and administrators regarding the performance evaluation of teachers in the context of performance-based payment policies. In this research, in order to learn about participant views about the subject, basic qualitative research design which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study group is made up of a total of 38 participants, 16 of which were school administrators and 22 teachers from different branches working in secondary and high schools in Gaziantep, Turkey in the academic year of 2018-2019. Maximum variation sampling method as one of the purposive sampling methods was adopted. The data was collected through focus group interviews and individual interviews by using semi-structured interview forms and data were analyzed with content analysis. Based on the research findings, it is understood that most of the teachers and administrators have positive perspectives on performance evaluation process provided that teacher performance evaluation policies are applied democratically. On the other hand, some of the participants showed negative attitude toward the subject. They think that teachers will have difficulty accepting performance system and resist to it. In addition to these findings, participants stated that authorities who will implement this system should be experts in their fields to be able to prevent teachers from experiencing any difficulties. The participants were also asked about the criteria and qualifications to be used in the evaluation of teacher performance, and they offered a variety of ideas that could be applied in teacher performance evaluation system.
Cross-Border Data Flows, the GDPR, and Data Governance
Authors:   Toulouse Business School, Voss W.Gregory
Published: April 2022

Today, cross-border data flows are an important component ofinternational trade and an element of digital service models. However, they are impededby restrictions on cross-border personal data transfers and data localization legislation. ThisArticle focuses primarily on these complexities and on the impact of the new EuropeanUnion (“EU”) legislation on personal data protection—the GDPR. First, this Articleintroduces its discussion of these flows by placing them in their economic and geopoliticalsetting, including a discussion of the results of a lack of international harmonization of lawin the area. In this framework, rule overlap and rival standards are relevant. Once thissituation is established, this Article turns to an analysis of the legal measures that havefilled the gap left by the lack of international regulation and the failure to harmonize law:extraterritorial laws in the European Union (regional legislation) and the United States(state legislation); and data localization laws in China and Russia. Specific provisionsrestricting cross-border personal data transfers are detailed under EU legislation, as are theinternational agreements that have been invaluable in allowing flows between the UnitedStates and the European Union to continue—first the Safe Harbor, and now the Privacy Shield. Finally, in this context, the role of data governance is investigated, both in thecontext of data controllers’ accountability for the actions of other actors in global supplychains under EU law and under the Privacy Shield. Thus, this Article goes beyond the lawitself, to place requirements in the context of the globalized business world of data flows,and to suggest ways that companies may improve their compliance position worldwide.
The Influence of the G20’s Digitalization Leadership on Development Conditions and Governance of the Digital Economy
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Shelepov Andrei
Published: April 2022

Given the increasing importance of the digital economy, competition for digital technologies and solutions, as well as the contest to influence norms, standards, and regulatory mechanisms, is escalating. This influence is distributed unevenly—digitalization leaders, primarily the key Group of 20 (G20) members, gain significant advantages, increasing their potential for shaping digital regulation through the consistent inclusion of domestic standards and norms in the documents of multilateral institutions, including the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the United Nations (UN) At the same time, Russia’s impact on the most important aspects of digital economy regulation at the global and regional level is currently limited. The article presents an assessment of the influence wielded by the leading G20 members (the U.S., Canada, the UK, the European Union (EU), Japan, Korea, China and India) on the digital economy’s development and regulation. This assessment serves as the basis for recommendations on Russia’s approaches to the specific aspects of regulation (digital infrastructure development, cybersecurity, regulating digital platforms, regulating global stablecoins and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), data governance, and artificial intelligence (AI) policies) at the national level, as well as its engagement in the G20 and other multilateral institutions. The analysis indicates that the leading countries affect the digital economy mainly by determining conditions for activities in their domestic digital markets and participating in shaping new global standards and rules. In the areas of digital infrastructure development, cybersecurity, and data governance, there are growing contradictions between the approaches of the U.S., the UK, Japan and partly the EU and Korea on the one hand, and Russia, China and India on the other. Recommendations in these areas are related to strengthening coordination within the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa to develop common positions and collectively promote them in the G20 and other multilateral institutions. The main recommendations on other regulatory aspects include using the experience of digitalization leaders to minimize the risks posed by competitors and to strengthen Russian positions in the global digital economy.
State Differentiation by Climate Ambition: Implications for World Politics
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Zhornist Vera , Nesmashny Alexander ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Kharkevich Maxim ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Safranchuk Ivan ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University)
Published: April 2022

Climate politics forms a subsystem of world politics. In this subsystem, states are differentiated by their ambitions to decarbonize their economies. These ambitions proceed from national policies and the nationally determined contributions (NDC) submitted by states in accordance with the Paris Agreement. Based on states’ climate ambitions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) produce multiple reports ranking states and evaluating their contributions. The main parameter of state differentiation by climate ambition is the expected year of achieving carbon neutrality. In 2019–20, the UK and the European Union (EU) promoted this parameter with the Green Deal, and eventually other metrics were overshadowed. The previously used climate parameters and rankings based on them were contradictory and depended heavily on the chosen methodology. Apart from being untrustworthy, they put some western countries in unfavourable positions. N. Luhmann’s new systems theory identifying “carbon neutrality” is taken as the main code of the climate communication subsystem that differentiates the climate subsystem of world politics from other functional subsystems. In this review article, how the emerging code of carbon neutrality is used by states and international organizations to form a new hierarchy in international relations is examined. Various constructivist and normative theories, from Foucault’s poststructuralism to the historicism and normativity of the English School, are applied in order to capture the possible implications of the political use of carbon neutrality for international relations. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential prospects of climate politics hierarchization for power redistribution in international relations.
Characteristics of the digital public diplomacy of international organizations. Analytical review of a collective monograph: Digital diplomacy and international organizations. Autonomy, Legitimacy and Con-testation, edited by R. Zaiotti, C. Bjola
Authors:   TV - News, Bazlutskaya Maria , Zinovyeva Elena ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics,   MGIMO-University
Published: April 2022

The article provides a critical review of the book “Digital diplomacy and international organizations. Autonomy, Legitimacy and Contestation” [Zaiotti, Bjola (ed.) 2020]. The key feature of the book is the approach to the study of digital diplomacy, according to which international governmental and non-governmental organizations, and not only the foreign political departments of states, are considered as the main actors of communication. The authors highlight the features of the Internet communications of international organizations, look for new approaches to the study of online activity, consider the challenges and threats to the legitimacy and autonomy of international organizations in the context of information confrontation. The article also examines a number of controversial topics raised by the authors of the work under review, including the issue of the correctness and validity of the use of the terms disinformation and fake news on an unsubstantiated basis.
Инновационные и промышленные кластеры в нефтегазовом секторе
Authors: Абашкин Василий , Березной Алексей , Гохберг Леонид , Куценко Евгений , Артёмов Сергей , Боос Виктория , Коцемир Максим , Лола Инна , Мартынов Денис , Нечаева Елена , Озерова Ольга , Стрельцова Екатерина , Тюрчев Кирилл , Фридлянова Светлана
Published: April 2022

Доклад, подготовленный Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в рамках деятельности Российской кластерной обсерватории, посвящен изучению инновационных и промышленных кластеров в нефтегазовом секторе. В исследовании анализируются изменения технологической специализации регионов добычи нефтегазового сырья, проводится их сопоставление с другими субъектами Российской Федерации по показателям инновационной активности. Рассмотрены особенности кластерного развития ресурсных территорий, изменение предпринимательской активности в секторе нефтегазодобычи, дана подробная характеристика сырьевых регионов с точки зрения их производственного и инновационного потенциала в анализируемой сфере. Приведенные в докладе сведения будут полезны представителям нефтегазовых компаний, государственных органов федерального и регионального уровней, а также профильного экспертного сообщества для выявления резервов и уточнения траекторий развития нефтегазовых кластеров, определения приоритетных направлений поддержки технологического развития нефтегазовой отрасли в целом.
¿Manos limpias y corazón puro?: La aplicación de la doctrina de manos limpias por parte de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Constantino Caycho Renato Antonio
Published: April 2022

Este artículo realiza un análisis de la práctica de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CorteIDH) respecto de la doctrina de “manos limpias” y su legitimidad. El texto argumenta que un enfoque de “manos limpias” para la compensación de daños morales en casos de derechos humanos es inadmisible. Su uso es aún más cuestionable, toda vez que la CorteIDH no ha brindado una explicación respecto de sus decisiones de negar reparaciones por daños morales solo para algunos infractores. El texto revisará casos en los que la CorteIDH ha otorgado y no ha otorgado una compensación monetaria por daños morales con el fin de resaltar su inconsistente jurisprudencia, así como la falta de criterios claros y decisivos. Se concluirá que la CorteIDH ha aplicado la doctrina de “manos limpias” sin manifestarlo explícitamente, y que esto no es compatible con el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos.
abordagem Direito e Políticas Públicas no Brasil
Authors: Dallari Bucci Maria Paula
Published: April 2022

As políticas públicas são um fenômeno do séc. XX, que passa a ser estudado, buscando analisar o que se passava no aparelho governamental até que uma demanda da sociedade se transformasse em resposta do Estado, no contexto do welfare state (item 1). Essa nova postura estatal implicou mudança de papéis do direito, intensificando-se as relações público-privadas e os problemas de direção e manutenção da autonomia das unidades descentralizadas (item 2). Nos países de redemocratização tardia, o sentido das políticas públicas é dúbio, entre formas de modernização administrativa, aproximando-se política e a gestão pública, de um lado, e o retrocesso de serviços públicos de cobertura ampla, de outro (item 3). No campo jurídico essa tensão se apresenta na centralidade dos direitos, com demanda de maior efetividade endereçada aos Tribunais Constitucionais, com poderes de controle ampliados. Isso reclama uma conceituação jurídica mais precisa das políticas públicas (no item 4). Em vista da complexidade e diversidade dessa figura, a necessidade de uma representação que simplifique a aproximação do objeto leva à proposição de frameworks (item 5). Finalmente, essa experiência das políticas públicas representa um legado institucional importante para a reconstrução política e social pós-pandemia (item 6).
El cambio en los instrumentos de política en Colombia. Análisis de los documentos Conpes sociales, 1993-2014
Authors: Herrera-Kit Patricia , Centeno Juan Pablo
Published: April 2022

Explicar el fenómeno del cambio de política es una pretensión frecuente en el campo de análisis de políticas públicas. Los instrumentos de política reciben creciente atención como unidad de análisis que ilustra los patrones de transformación en el proceso de diseño de las políticas. En este artículo se exploran los cambios en el uso de instrumentos de política en los procesos del policy making del orden nacional en Colombia. Para esto se identifican, sistematizan y clasifican 822 instrumentos de política en veinte documentos emitidos por el Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (Conpes) entre 1993 y 2014 entendidas en el marco de planeación estatal en Colombia como políticas públicas. La evidencia revela que estos instrumentos tienden a dar prelación a intervenciones normativas y regulatorias en reemplazo de intervenciones monetarias. Los documentos Conpes, en algunos casos, trazan enunciados que no clarifican el alcance operativo de los instrumentos de política, pero con potencial para la definición de acuerdos entre distintos organismos gubernamentales.
Dinámicas políticas indígenas en contexto de transición en Colombia. Apuestas y resistencias alrededor de las elecciones de 2018-2019
Authors: Laurent Virginie
Published: April 2022

El artículo se enfoca en la manera como se han expresado las dinámicas políticas indígenas en Colombia en el contexto posterior a la firma de los acuerdos de paz de 2016. Examina cronológicamente la posición de las organizaciones indígenas y su defensa de la paz, con motivo de las elecciones nacionales de 2018 y subnacionales de 2019. El análisis se funda en información y datos publicados por la Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil, medios de comunicación, portales de Internet y comunicados de organizaciones indígenas. Se inscribe en la continuidad de trabajos previos que, desde perspectivas teóricas o empíricas, se centran en las reivindicaciones identitarias, los movimientos sociales y la representación político-electoral, así como en el carácter dinámico de sus interrelaciones. A partir de una perspectiva coyuntural, el estudio se plantea como una contribución para una reflexión sobre la articulación entre luchas de base y retos electorales desde el movimiento indígena. Se muestra cómo, al lado de su participación electoral, los pueblos indígenas siguen recurriendo a la movilización social directa como estrategia de resistencia.
Procesos fonológicos prominentes en el chedungun hablado en el Alto Bío-Bío
Authors: Salinas Marchant Carolina Lisette , Salamanca Gutiérrez Gastón Felipe
Published: April 2022

Este artículo presenta una descripción de los procesos fonológicos prominentes en el chedungun hablado en el Alto Bío-Bío. Los colaboradores (44) son hablantes nativos de este dialecto del mapuche, de 10 localidades del Alto Bío-Bío, seleccionados de acuerdo con su competencia en la lengua. La toma de datos se realizó con un registro de enunciados orales de una lista léxica, de la que posteriormente se realizó un análisis fonético-fonológico neodistribucionalista. Se concluye que esta variante del mapudungun presenta altos porcentajes de desinterdentalización, bajos porcentajes de sonorización consonántica y mínimos porcentajes de descentralización vocálica.
Predicación existencial negativa y negación estándar en lengua tikuna (yurí-tikuna)
Authors: Montes Rodríguez María Emilia
Published: April 2022

Este artículo ilustra el interés tipológico de los predicados existenciales negativos en lengua tikuna. Es muy visible el vínculo etimológico entre el «verbo» existencial negativo y el negador (el mismo verbo nominalizado) usado en cláusulas declarativas, imperativas y copulativas. De esta manera, los hechos sincrónicos se conectarían con hechos diacrónicos en la línea que propone Croft (1991) sobre el ciclo de la negación. Nuestro propósito es, pues, describir el fenómeno global de la negación incluyendo datos sobre la negación estándar (Payne, 1985; Miestamo, 2017) y resaltar algunas de sus peculiaridades tipológicas.
Planta del Diccionario semántico de verbos causativos del español (Diverce)
Authors: Wong García Ernesto
Published: April 2022

En este artículo describimos y fundamentamos teóricamente la planta del proyecto lexicográfico Diccionario semántico de verbos causativos del español (Diverce). En este sentido, exponemos la teoría semántica subyacente y caracterizamos los aspectos más esenciales del diccionario, así como la etapa prelexicográfica de selección de los lemas y su análisis semántico, incluyendo el tratamiento de la polisemia. Asimismo, caracterizamos el trabajo propiamente lexicográfico, que incluye una descripción de la base de datos, tanto de la macroestructura (rutas de acceso a la información) como de la microestructura (entradas, definiciones y ejemplos). Finalmente, concluimos remarcando la importancia y utilidad del proyecto.
Entre «papeles viejos»: Félix F. Outes y la arqueología documental sobre lenguas indígenas en la Argentina de entresiglos (XIX-XX)
Authors: Domínguez Luisa
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza, en clave historiográfica, la primera parte de la producción sobre lenguas indígenas de Félix Faustino Outes (1878-1939), un especialista del campo antropológico-arqueológico argentino. Su principal espacio de indagación fue el territorio patagónico, aunque en los inicios de su trayectoria se interesó por el estudio de los querandíes, de la región del Río de la Plata. De sus aportes destaca el trabajo de archivo, mientras que los acercamientos al campo son notablemente escasos. De ahí que, en esta contribución, se pone en diálogo su producción sobre lenguas indígenas con una práctica denominada «arqueología documental».