bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous bladder rupture and associated factors during pregnancy:a systematic review and metanalysis protocol
Authors: Ranjbar Amene , Mehrnoush Vahid , Roozbeh Nasibeh , Banaei Mojdeh , Darsareh Fatemeh
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Spontaneous bladder rupture during pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening event requiring immediate surgery to reduce morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aims to identify associated factors of spontaneous bladder rupture during pregnancy and propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.

Methods and analysis

To improve the reporting of this protocol, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement was used. The primary objective is to identify and summarise the associated factors with spontaneous bladder rupture during pregnancy. The secondary outcome was to determine the diagnostic and treatment approach. From inception to June 2022, a systematic search of the following electronic databases of peer-reviewed journal articles and online search records will be conducted: the Cochrane Central Register, PubMed, Medline (Via PubMed), Embase (Via Ovid), ProQuest, Scopus, WOS and search engine Google Scholar. All types of studies focusing on spontaneous bladder rupture during pregnancy will be included. Two authors will review the studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three authors will independently extract data using a researcher-created checklist. In the event of a disagreement, an external reviewer will be used. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist will be used by two authors to assess the quality of the studies independently. Data analysis will be carried out using STATA V.16.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required, as our review will include published and publicly accessible data. Findings from this review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-review journal.

PROSPERO registration number

The protocol for this review was submitted at PROSPERO on 20 March 2022 with ID number CRD42022319511.
User engagement with technology-mediated self-guided interventions for addictions: scoping review protocol
Authors: Brazeau Brad W , Hodgins David C
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Technology-mediated self-guided interventions (TMSGIs) for addictive disorders represent promising adjuncts and alternatives to traditional treatment approaches (eg, face-to-face psychotherapy). However, meaningful evaluation of such interventions remains elusive given the lack of consistent terminology and application. Preliminary findings suggest that TMSGIs are useful but engagement remains modest for various reasons reported by users, including lack of personalisation. The aim of this review is to explore how TMSGIs have been defined and applied in addictions populations with an emphasis on technical and logistical features associated with greater user engagement.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review protocol was developed in accordance with the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Articles from electronic databases (ie, PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE and CINAHL) will be included if they targeted adolescents or adults with one or more substance or behavioural addictions, excessive behaviours or aspects thereof (eg, cravings) using a privately accessible technology-mediated intervention. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for relevance before commencing full-text reviews. Extracted data will be presented in descriptive, tabular and graphical summaries as appropriate.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics committee approval is not required for this study. Review findings will be used to guide the development of preliminary recommendations for real-time addiction intervention development and provision. Emphasis will be placed on practical considerations of user engagement, accessibility, usability and cost. Knowledge users, including clinicians, researchers and people with lived experience, will be engaged for development of one such intervention following publication of review findings.

Registration

This scoping review was registered with the Open Science Framework on 15 April 2022 and can be located at http://www.osf.io/3utp9/.
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among people living with and without HIV in South Carolina, USA: protocol of a population-based cohort study
Authors: Yang Xueying , Zhang Jiajia , Olatosi Bankole , Weissman Sharon , Li Xiaoming
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Despite the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes, a small percentage of fully vaccinated persons will develop symptomatic or asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2, which is referred to as ‘breakthrough COVID-19’. People living with HIV (PLWH) appear to have an elevated risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, yet the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in this population remains unclear due to the limited research efforts in this population in the real world. This study aims to characterise and compare the breakthrough COVID-19 (eg, prevalence and disease severity) between PLWH and non-PLWH and then examine whether HIV markers play a role in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness within the PLWH population.

Methods and analysis

This cohort study will merge electronic health records data from multiple data sources in South Carolina (SC), including the ‘HIV Cohort’ (n=12 203) identified from the statewide Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System, ‘Vaccine Cohort’ from the Statewide Immunisation Online Network which provides patient-level immunisation records (n=~1.71 million), and ‘COVID-19 Cohort’ which includes healthcare encounters and COVID-19 diagnosis information for all individuals who were tested for COVID-19 (n=~3.41 million). The PLWH will be matched with a comparison group of non-PLWH by the propensity score matching method. To distinguish the role of immunity level in affecting the vaccine effectiveness, we will conduct subgroup analyses to compare the outcome of virally controlled and immunosuppressed PLWH with non-PLWH. Conditional logistic regression and generalised linear models will be employed to analyse the relationship between HIV status and protection durability by adjusting for potential confounders.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of South Carolina (Pro00117583) as a Non-Human Subject study. The study’s findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences and through social media.
Screen time and its correlates among children aged 3–10 years during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Shrestha Rajan , Khatri Bijay , Majhi Sangita , Kayastha Manish , Suwal Barsha , Sharma Samata , Suwal Rinkal , Adhikari Santoshi , Shrestha Junu , Upadhyay Madan Prasad
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aims to determine the prevalence of high screen time among schoolchildren aged 3–10 years in Bhaktapur, its correlates and the parents’ strategies to reduce screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal.

Methods and analysis

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during March 2021. A total of 630 households were selected for the study from 21 randomly selected clusters in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Correlates of high screen time were determined using a logistic model. P<0.002 was taken as significant.

Results

Among all the participants, the mean (SD) age was 7.0 (2.2) years, with 50.3% male participation. Few participants had online classes (n=24, 3.8%). The prevalence of high screen time among the participants was very high (55.2%, 95% CI=51.3% to 59.1%), which is even higher in boys (61.8%, 95% CI=58.0% to 65.6%). The median screen time before the COVID-19 pandemic was 1.0 hours (mean rank=275.8) which increased to 2.2 hours (mean rank=116.6) during the pandemic (p<0.001). Participants having smartphones were about seven times (adjusted OR=6.9, 95% CI=1.5 to 31.3, p=0.013) more likely to have high screen time than those who did not have the device. Most parents used to reprimand and urge their children to play outside to limit their screen usage.

Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, about one in two schoolchildren of 3–10 years had higher screen time than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents’ strategies to reduce screen time were not effective. An intervention study is recommended to design and test effective strategies to reduce screen time and its negative effects on children’s health.
PP25 Activities and experiences of medical student first responders: a mixed methods study
Authors: Orsi Andrew , Watson Adam , Botan Vanessa , Wijegoonewardene Nimali , Lloyd Dylan , Dunbar Nic , Asghar Zahid , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan
Published: August 2022

Background

Medical Student First Responder (MSFR) schemes provide a Community First Responder (CFR) resource to their local ambulance Trust and experience for students. We aimed to investigate the contribution of these schemes and perceptions of students taking part in them.

Methods

In this convergent mixed methods study, we analysed dispatch data from two regional ambulance services and used propensity score matching to adjust for rurality and timing of attendance. MSFR attendances were compared with CFR and ambulance attendances. Multinomial logistic regression identified predictors of MSFR attendance compared with CFR and ambulance staff whilst accounting for confounders. We combined this with semistructured interviews of MSFRs from five schemes across the two regions. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework approach supported by NVivo. Final themes and categories were agreed through consensus.

Results

We included MSFR attendances from 2019 (n = 5817). MSFRs were more likely to attend urgent category 1 and 2 calls (vs ambulance category 3: RRR 4.67, 95%CI 3.08 - 7.07 or category 4: RRR 8.85, 95%CI 1.09 - 71.75) and cardiorespiratory (vs ambulance RRR 0.44, 95%CI 0.35 - 0.56) or neurological/endocrine calls (vs ambulance RRR 0.55, 95%CI 0.41 - 0.74). MSFRs were more likely, compared to CFRs and ambulance staff, to be dispatched to younger patients, those from ethnic minorities and deprived areas.

We interviewed 16 MSFRs from 5 medical schools. Participants described routes, requirements and challenges to recruitment. Training, mentorship, shadowing and debriefing were helpful to the role. Despite the risks and stress, most MSFRs enjoyed and valued their experience for enhancing clinical knowledge and skills in emergency care and understanding the wider context of care delivery. MSFRs’ experience also helped prepare for a future career involving emergency care.

Conclusions

MSFR schemes provide a valuable contribution to prehospital care and beneficial experiences for medical students.
PP36 Empathy and conscious vicarious pain in emergency ambulance workers
Authors: Brown Alison
Published: August 2022

Background

Empathy is core to human relationships and essential to patient centred healthcare. However, there are concerns that increased emotional connection increases distress for workers, leading to burnout. Empathy research within the ambulance sector is limited and has primarily involved paramedic students. The range of models and measures used in empathy research have led to mixed results and difficulties interpreting implications. Differentiation of components of empathy is needed. Vicarious pain experience has played a prominent role in empathy research, has bought insight into mechanism and is highly relevant within healthcare. This study uses a multidimensional approach to compare empathy and vicarious pain experience amongst emergency ambulance workers and a general population group.

Method

128 participants, including 78 emergency ambulance workers were recruited within Yorkshire Ambulance Service and in the South Yorkshire area. Empathy levels were measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index subscales of fantasy, perspective taking, empathetic concern and personal distress. Vicarious pain responses were categorised using the Vicarious Pain Questionnaire. The study analysed between group differences in empathy sub-scale levels and the effect of emergency ambulance experience on empathy levels. In addition, between group differences in vicarious pain experience were assessed.

Results

Lower levels of empathy were identified for emergency ambulance workers on the fantasy (p=.012, 95%CI=0.09-0.83), empathetic concern (p=.002) and personal distress (p<.001) scales. Perspective taking abilities (p=.303) were not found to be significantly reduced. Amongst emergency ambulance workers levels of personal distress decreased with experience (p=.028). Emergency ambulance workers were less likely to experience conscious vicarious pain than others (p=.02).

Conclusions

Differentiating factors of empathy bought insight. Interventions to increase empathy amongst emergency ambulance workers should focus on building the capacity for empathetic concern, while preserving perspective taking abilities. Work to reduce personal distress of those in the early stages of their career is warranted.
OP07 Barriers to telephone-assisted CPR: results of a qualitative study of UK call-handlers
Authors: Farquharson Barbara , Clegg Gareth , Johnston Marie
Published: August 2022

Background

Telephone-assisted CPR (t-CPR), where ambulance-service call-handlers provide instructions to callers on how to perform CPR, increases rates of CPR and survival. However, up to 1/3 of bystanders do not deliver CPR even when provided instructions. If the proportion of people who initiate CPR could be increased, lives would be saved. As a part of a larger project aimed at increasing rates of CPR, we conducted a qualitative study to identify call-handlers’ perceptions of the main barriers to CPR and what they think helps people to initiate CPR.

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 call-handlers from seven UK ambulance services, purposively selected to ensure diversity in terms of age, gender, years of experience, geographical location, population served (size/rurality), dispatch software used (MPDS and Pathways), published outcomes for ROSC and Care Quality Commission Rating.

Results

Thirty call-handlers (19F, 10M, 1 non-binary; aged 22-59) participated. Participants had between 6mths and 25yrs experience and rated their confidence in providing CPR instructions between 3 and 10/10 (mean: 9). The barriers to CPR identified most commonly were the physical challenges of getting people flat on ground; the extreme emotional state of the caller and agonal breathing leading callers to believe that CPR was not required. Call-handlers described various techniques (some suggested by protocol and some not) used to encourage people to initiate/continue CPR. Data relating to the impact of pandemic-related pressures on call-handlers’ experiences of the role also emerged.

Conclusions

Providing t-CPR instructions is a challenging but rewarding and valued aspect of call-handlers role. By synthesising the collective experience of a representative sample of call-handlers we have identified techniques used to overcome barriers to CPR initiation, many of which are consistent with behavioural theory. Additional opportunities to use behavioural techniques have been identified and will be developed in partnership with call-handlers.
Performance evaluation and clinical impact of the Oncomine Myeloid Research Assay for gene expression analysis in myeloid haematologic malignancies
Authors: Jeon Min Ji , Yu Eun Sang , Kim Dae Sik , Choi Chul Won , Kim Ha Nui , Ah Kwon Jeong , Yoon Soo-Young , Yoon Jung
Published: August 2022

Aim

Gene expression analysis facilitates the detection of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for myeloid haematological malignancies. The Oncomine Myeloid Research Assay (OMA; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) provides a comprehensive analysis of gene expression of five target genes, along with gene alteration and fusion. Here, we present the performance of the OMA for gene expression analysis.

Methods

In total, 53 RNA samples from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome were included. Of these 53 samples, 3 were evaluated for reproducibility and 50 were evaluated for comparison with RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The prognostic impact of the gene expression profile produced by both OMA and RNA-seq in AML was investigated using follow-up data from 33 patients with AML.

Results

The OMA showed good intrarun and interrun reproducibility. Compared with the RNA-seq results, high correlations were found inBAALC,MECOMandWT1(all r>0.9), with moderate correlations inMYC(r=0.75, p<0.001) andSMC1A(r=0.42, p=0.002). The agreement between OMA and RNA-seq in classifying the dysregulated expression group was almost perfect, except forSMC1A(κ=0.175). Among these five genes, onlyBAALCshowed a significant clinical impact in patients with AML. Patients with highBAALCexpression showed significantly shorter overall survival based on both OMA (p=0.037) and RNA-seq (p=0.003).

Conclusions

OMA gene expression analysis offers reproducible and accurate gene expression data for most targeted genes and demonstrates the utility ofBAALCexpression as a prognostic marker in AML.
Outcomes of stage IV melanoma in the era of immunotherapy: a National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis from 2014 to 2016
Authors: Sussman Tamara A , Knackstedt Rebecca , Wei Wei , Funchain Pauline , Gastman Brian R
Published: August 2022

Background

To evaluate factors affecting the utilization of immunotherapy and to stratify results based on the approval of ipilimumab in 2011 and programmed death-1 inhibitors in 2014, an analysis of available data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) was performed.

Methods

The NCDB was analyzed to identify patients with stage IV melanoma from 2004 to 2016. Patients were categorized during the time periods 2004–2010, 2011–2014, and 2015–2016. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and Cox proportional hazard models; IO status was analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

24,544 patients were analyzed. Overall, 5238 patients (21.3%) who received IO had improved median OS compared with those who did not (20.2 months vs 7.4 months; p<0.0001). Between 2004 and 2010, 9.7% received immunotherapy; from 2011 to 2014, 21.9% received immunotherapy; and from 2015 to 2016, 43.5% received immunotherapy. Three-year OS significantly improved in patients treated with IO across treatment years: 31% (95% CI 29% to 34%) from 2004 to 2010, 35% (95% CI 33% to 37%) from 2011 to 2014, and 46% (95% CI 44% to 48%) from 2015 to 2016 (p<0.0001). Survival was worse in patients who did not receive IO during these treatment years: 16% (15%–17%), 21% (20%–22%), and 27% (25%–28%), respectively. In the overall cohort, age <65 years, female gender, private insurance, no comorbidities, residence in metropolitan area, and treatment at academic centers were associated with better OS (p<0.0001 for all). In the multivariate analysis, receipt of IO from 2015 to 2016 was associated with age <65 years (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50), African American race (OR 5.88, 95% CI 1.60 to 28.58), lack of comorbidities (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.66), and treatment at academic centers (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.65) (p<0.05 for all).

Conclusions

OS improved in patients with stage IV melanoma receiving IO, with the highest OS rate in 2015–2016. Our findings, which represent a real-world population, are slightly lower than recent trials, such as KEYNOTE-006 and CheckMate 067. Significant socioeconomic factors may impact receipt of IO and survival.
Derivo embolization device for intracranial aneurysms: a Spanish multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Piñana Carlos , Remollo Sebastian , Zamarro Joaquín , Werner Mariano , Espinosa de Rueda Mariano , Vega Pedro , Hernandez David , Murias Eduardo , Rivera Eila , Olier Jorge , San Roman Luis , Páez-Carpio Alfredo , Requena Manuel , Aixut Sonia , de Dios Lascuevas Marta , Moreu Manuel , Rosati Santiago , Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Castaño Carlos , Tomasello Alejandro
Published: August 2022

Background

Flow diverters have emerged in recent years as a safe and effective treatment for intracranial aneurysms, with expanding indications. The Derivo embolization device (DED) is a second-generation flow diverter with a surface finish that may reduce thrombogenicity. We report our multicenter experience evaluating its safety and efficacy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed all patients treated with the DED in eight centers in Spain between 2016 and 2020. Demographics, clinical data, procedural complications, morbidity and aneurysm occlusion rates were collected.

Results

A total of 209 patients with 250 aneurysms were treated (77.5% women). The majority of aneurysms were located in the internal carotid artery (86.8%) and most (69.2%) were small (<10 mm) with a median maximum diameter of 5.85 mm and median neck size of 4 mm. DED deployment was successful in all cases, despite two malfunctioning devices (1%). Major complications occurred in nine patients (4.3%), while mild neurologic clinical events were registered in 23 (11%); four patients died (1.9%). A total of 194 aneurysms had an angiographic follow-up at 6 months and showed complete aneurysm occlusion in 75% of cases. Twelve-month follow-up was available for 112 of the treated aneurysms, with a total occlusion rate of 83%.

Conclusion

The DED is a second-generation surface-modified flow diverter that presents an option for treatment of intracranial aneurysms with comparable safety and efficacy to other available flow diverter devices. Nonetheless, risks are not negligible, and must be balanced against the natural history risk of cerebral aneurysms, considering the tendency to widen indications for treatment of smaller and less complex lesions in day-to-day use.
History-dependent phase transition character
Authors: Polanšek Juš , Holbl Arbresha , Starzonek Szymon , Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra , Rzoska Sylwester J. , Kralj Samo
Published: August 2022

We consider history-dependent behavior in domain-type configurations in orientational order that are formed in configurations reached via continuous symmetry-breaking phase transitions. In equilibrium, these systems exhibit in absence of impurities a spatially homogeneous order. We focus on cases where domains are formed via (i) Kibble-Zurek mechanism in fast enough quenches or by (ii) Kibble mechanism in strongly supercooled phases. In both cases, domains could be arrested due to pinned topological defects that are formed at domain walls. In systems exhibiting polar or quadrupolar order, point and line defects (disclinations) dominate, respectively. In particular, the disclinations could form complex entangled structures and are more efficient in stabilizing domains. Domain patterns formed by fast quenches could be arrested by impurities imposing a strong enough random-field type disorder, as suggested by the Imry-Ma theorem. On the other hand, domains formed in supercooled systems could be also formed if large enough energy barriers arresting domains are established due to large enough systems’ stiffness. The resulting effective interactions in established domain-type patterns could be described by random matrices. The resulting eigenvectors reveal expected structural excitations formed in such structures. The most important role is commonly played by the random matrix largest eigenvector. Qualitatively different behavior is expected if this eigenvector exhibits a localized or extended character. In the former case, one expects a gradual, non-critical-type transition into a glass-type structure. However, in the latter case, a critical-like phase behavior could be observed.

Graphical abstract
Propagation Delay Evaluation for Spatial Wavefunction Switched (SWS) FET-Based Inverter
Authors: Almalki A. , Saman B. , Chandy J. , Heller E. , Jain F. C.
Published: August 2022

This paper evaluates the propagation delay of a four-state/two-bit spatial wavefunction-switched field-effect transistors (SWS) FET-based inverter. The SWS-FET has two or more vertically stacked quantum-well or quantum dot (QD) layers where the magnitude of the gate voltage determines the location of carriers in the upper or lower channel. A calibration method based on an analytical propagation delay model expanded for the SWS-FET based inverter to account for the multiple quantum wells within the device. Cadence iterative simulations are used for calibrating the SWS inverter size to reach a symmetrical propagation delay for the four logic transitions. The SWS transfer characteristic and the inverter circuit time specifications are obtained by integrating the BSIM (Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model) and the Analog Behavioral Model (ABM). Calibration and adjustment of the contributing parameters of the model leads to the improvement of the device accuracy for circuit designs based on SWS-FET technology.
Synthesis and Characterization of PVA–Fe2O3–CuO Hybrid Structure for Biomedical Application
Authors: Hammood Shahad Ali , Abodood Anwar Ahmed Fadhl , AlGalal Hasan Mohammed Ali Abdullah , Khamees Entidhar Jasim , Abbas Mustafa Fouad , Zabibah Rahman S. , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Ameen Noha Inam
Published: August 2022

The structural, morphology, and optical properties of a new hybrid structure prepared from CuO nanoparticles embedded in a Fe2O3–PVA composite matrix were investigated in this work. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption and transmission spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were all used to analyze the prepared materials. Crystallography information revealed the presence of CuO that did not affect the crystal structure of PVA–Fe2O3. The prepared composites revealed strong absorption in the range of 440–570 nm. It was observed that the highest absorption of these composites gradually shifted to the shorter wavelength region with the presence of CuO. PVA–Fe2O3 is highly transparent, with a transmittance of around 85% in the range of 600–800 nm. After the addition of 5% by weight of CuO nanoparticles, the transmittance of the nanocomposite drops to 75% in the same range of wavelength. The prepared materials were used as anti-cancer cells, and they showed high efficacy to kill tumor cells, especially PVA–Fe2O3–CuO at concentration 0.5 [Formula: see text]g/mL.
A Model of Contextual Factors Affecting Older Adults’ Information-Sharing Decisions in the U.S.
Authors: Frik Alisa , Bernd Julia , Egelman Serge
Published: August 2022

The sharing of information between older adults and their friends, families, caregivers, and doctors promotes a collaborative approach to managing their emotional, mental, and physical well-being and health, prolonging independent living, and improving care quality and quality of life in general. However, information flow in collaborative systems is complex, not always transparent to elderly users, and may raise privacy and security concerns. Because older adults’ decisions about whether to engage in information exchange affect interpersonal communications and delivery of care, it is important to understand the factors and context that influence those decisions. Our work contributes empirical evidence and suggests a systematic approach. In this article, we present the results of semi-structured interviews with 46 older adults aged 65+ about their views on information collection, transmission, and sharing. We develop a detailed model of the contextual factors that combine in complex ways to affect older adults’ decision making about information sharing. We discuss how our comprehensive model compares to existing frameworks for analyzing information-sharing expectations and preferences. Finally, we suggest directions for future research and describe the practical implications of our model for the design and evaluation of collaborative information-sharing systems, as well as for policy and consumer protection.
Emission Variation of InAs Quantum Dots within (Al)GaInAs Quantum Wells in AlGaAs/GaAs Structures vs Quantum Well Compositions
Authors: Torchynska Tetyana , Cisneros-Tamayo Ricardo , Polupan Georgiy , Stintz Andreas , Escobosa Echavarria Arturo
Published: August 2022

The parameters of quantum dots (QDs) of InAs inserted in Al0.30Ga0.70As/GaAs hetero structures with additional cap/buffer AlGaInAs quantum wells (QWs) of different compositions have been investigated by photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction methods. QD structures with the buffer layers: In0.15Ga0.85As (#1) or In0.25Ga0.75As (#2) and covering (cap) layers: Al0.10In0.15Ga0.75As (#1) or Al0.40In0.15Ga0.45As (#2), are compared. Structure #1 is characterized by a higher density of QDs, high QD emission intensity and a smaller full width at half maximum of the PL bands, compared to #2. The dependence of the intensity of QD emission against temperatures of 10–500 K has been studied. Significant thermal quenching of the PL intensity was revealed in #1 compared to #2. HR-XRD investigation has confirmed that QD structures are of perfect crystalline quality with sharp QW interfaces and a high number of Pendellösung peaks were detected. To fit the HR-XRD scans, the X′Pert Epitaxy software has been applied. The peculiarities of the QD emission and the parameters of the HR-XRD scans are compared, as well as the advances of the QD structures studied are discussed.
Radiation Damage in the Ultra-Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Ga2O3
Authors: Xia Xinyi , Li Jian-Sian , Sharma Ribhu , Ren Fan , Rasel Md Abu Jafar , Stepanoff Sergei , Al-Mamun Nahid , Haque Aman , Wolfe Douglas E. , Modak Sushrut , Chernyak Leonid , Law Mark E. , Khachatrian Ani , Pearton S. J.
Published: August 2022

We present a review of the published experimental and simulation radiation damage results in Ga2O3. All of the polytypes of Ga2O3 are expected to show similar radiation resistance as GaN and SiC, considering their average bond strengths. However, this is not enough to explain the orders of magnitude difference of the relative resistance to radiation damage of these materials compared to GaAs and dynamic annealing of defects is much more effective in Ga2O3. It is important to examine the effect of all types of radiation, given that Ga2O3 devices will potentially be deployed both in space and terrestrial applications. Octahedral gallium monovacancies are the main defects produced under most radiation conditions because of the larger cross-section for interaction compared to oxygen vacancies. Proton irradiation introduces two main paramagnetic defects in Ga2O3, which are stable at room temperature. Charge carrier removal can be explained by Fermi-level pinning far from the conduction band minimum due to gallium interstitials (Ga
i
), vacancies (VGa), and antisites (GaO). One of the most important parameters to establish is the carrier removal rate for each type of radiation, since this directly impacts the current in devices such as transistors or rectifiers. When compared to the displacement damage predicted by the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter(SRIM) code, the carrier removal rates are generally much lower and take into account the electrical nature of the defects created. With few experimental or simulation studies on single event effects (SEE) in Ga2O3, it is apparent that while other wide bandgap semiconductors like SiC and GaN are robust against displacement damage and total ionizing dose, they display significant vulnerability to single event effects at high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and at much lower biases than expected. We have analyzed the transient response of β-Ga2O3 rectifiers to heavy-ion strikes via TCAD simulations. Using field metal rings improves the breakdown voltage and biasing those rings can help control the breakdown voltage. Such biased rings help in the removal of the charge deposited by the ion strike.
Review—Temperature Dependence of Transition-Metal and Rare-Earth Ion Luminescence (Mn4+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Eu2+, Eu3+, Tb3+, etc.) I: Fundamental Principles
Authors: Adachi Sadao
Published: August 2022

Thermal stability of the phosphor materials is of crucial importance and scientific interest. Various Mn4+-activated fluoride, oxide, and oxyfluoride phosphors show an anomalous thermal quenching (TQ) behavior, i.e., no decrease or an increase in the integrated photoluminescence intensity I
PL with increasing temperature T, known as zero or negative TQ. The purpose of this article is to discuss such anomalous behaviors of thermal stability of the phosphors doped with various kinds of activator ions from an aspect of solid-state physics. Mn4+ (3d
3)-activated fluoride phosphor is a good example to understand the fundamentals of such foreign ion-activated phosphors. The luminescence transitions of 2
E

g
→ 4
A
2g
in 3d
3-configuration ions are both parity and spin-forbidden transitions and, therefore, one can expect no strong light emission. Herein, Mn4+ luminescence is discussed by considering parity integral. This approach helps better understanding of the peculiar luminescence properties observed in the various 3d
3 ion-activated phosphors. The luminescence properties of the HK3SnF8:Mn4+ and Cs2WO2F4:Mn4+ phosphors are examined in detail as a verification of our proposed model. This model will be successfully applied to other kinds of activator ions, such as Cr3+, Mn2+, Eu2+, Eu3+, and Tb3+ in a separate article (II).
Effect of Hybrid Reinforcements on the Mechanical Properties of Copper Nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Khanna Virat , Chaudhary Vishal
Published: August 2022

Copper (Cu) composites hybridized with nano-sized reinforcing material are gathering attraction in several fields such as automobile, aerospace, and power transmission due to their better strength. Unlike conventional reinforcing materials, extraordinary mechanical properties and high electrical and thermal conductivity make nanomaterials highly useful reinforcement materials to improve the properties of pristine metals. Over the last two decades, several kinds of research have been conducted to study the effect of distinctive 2D nanomaterials, such as silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, copper nanotube and graphene as reinforcement on the properties of metal matrices. This study comprehensively reviews the effect of hybrid reinforcements on the mechanical properties of Cu composites having graphene as one of the reinforcements. Also, the contribution of these reinforced nanomaterials composition and their dispersion in the pure Cu matrices have also been explained in detail. In comparison with Cu composites fabricated with a single 2D reinforcement material, composites incorporating hybrid nano reinforcement, exhibit better mechanical behaviour. Additionally, the improvement in mechanical strength would enhance their capability to withstand altering thermal and surrounding environmental conditions.
Differential airway remodeling changes were observed in patients with asthma COPD overlap compared to patients with asthma and COPD alone
Authors: Dey Surajit , Lu Wenying , Weber Heinrich C. , Young Sally , Larby Josie , Chia Collin , Haug Greg , Brake Samuel James , Myers Stephen , Gaikwad Archana Vijay , Bhattarai Prem , Pathinayake Prabuddha S. , Wark Peter A. B. , Eapen Mathew Suji , Sohal Sukhwinder Singh
Published: August 2022

Management of patients with asthma COPD overlap (ACO) is clinically challenging due to insufficient evidence of pathological changes in these patients. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated airway remodeling in endobronchial biopsies from a total of 90 subjects, which included 12 ACO, 14 patients with asthma, 12 COPD exsmokers (ES), 11 current smokers (CS), 28 healthy controls (HC), and 13 normal lung function smokers (NLFS). Tissue was stained with Masson’s trichrome. Epithelium, goblet cells, reticular basement membrane (RBM), cellularity, lamina propria (LP), and smooth muscle (SM) changes were measured using Image-Pro Plus v7 software. Differential airway remodeling pattern was seen in patients with ACO. A limited change was noted in the ACO epithelium compared with other pathological groups. RBM was substantially thicker in patients with ACO than in HC ( P < 0.0002) and tended to be thicker than in patients with asthma and NLFS. The total RBM cells were higher in ACO than in the HC ( P < 0.0001), COPD-CS ( P = 0.0559), -ES ( P = 0.0345), and NLFS ( P < 0.0002), but did not differ from patients with asthma. Goblet cells were higher in the ACO than in the HC ( P = 0.0028) and COPD-ES ( P = 0.0081). The total LP cells in ACO appeared to be higher than in HC, COPD-CS, and NLFS but appeared to be lower than in patients with asthma. Finally, SM area was significantly lower in the ACO than in patients with asthma ( P = 0.001), COPD-CS (=0.0290), and NLFS ( P = 0.0011). This first comprehensive study suggests that patients with ACO had distinguishable tissue remodeling that appeared to be more severe than patients with asthma and COPD. This study will help in informed decision-making for better patient management in clinical practice.
Tanshinone IIA Accomplished Protection against Radiation-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury by Regulating the p38/p53 Pathway
Authors: Wang Gang , Ma Li , Wang Bowen , Gao Fentang , Li Jianfeng , Cai Hongyi , Wang Juan , Zhang Tiancheng , Guo Hao , Xie Ping , Li Yi
Published: August 2022

Background. Radiotherapy is one of the major strategies for treating tumors, and it inevitably causes damage to relevant tissues and organs during treatment. Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) refers to radiation-induced cardiovascular adverse effects caused by thoracic radiotherapy. Currently, there is no uniform standard in the treatment of RIHD. Methods. In our group study, by administering a dose of 4 Gy radiation, we established a radiation injured cardiomyocyte model and explored the regulatory relationship between tanshinone IIA and p38 MAPK in cardiomyocyte injury. We assessed cell damage and proliferation using clonogenic assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The measures of antioxidant activity and oxidative stress were conducted using superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The apoptosis rate and the relative expression of apoptotic proteins were conducted using flow cytometry and western blot. To assess p38 and p53 expressions and phosphorylation levels, western blot was performed. Results. Experimental results suggested that tanshinone IIA restored cell proliferation in radiation-induced cardiomyocyte injury (

∗
∗
P
<
0.01

), and the level of LDH release decreased (

∗
P
<
0.05

). Meanwhile, tanshinone IIA could decrease the ROS generation induced by radiation (

∗
∗
P
<
0.01

) and upregulate the SOD level (

∗
∗
P
<
0.01

). Again, tanshinone IIA reduced radiation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis (

∗
∗
P
<
0.01

). Finally, tanshinone IIA downregulated radiation-induced p38/p53 overexpression (

∗
∗
∗
P
<
0.001

). Conclusions. The treatment effects of tanshinone IIA against radiation-induced myocardial injury may be through the regulation of the p38/p53 pathway.
Identification of a Prognostic Model Based on Immune Cell Signatures in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shi Xuezhong , Niu Yali , Yang Yongli , Wang Nana , Yuan Mengyang , Yang Chaojun , Dong Ani , Zhu Huili , Jia Xiaocan
Published: August 2022

Background. Accumulating evidence substantiated that the immune cells were intricately intertwined with the prognosis and therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We aimed to construct an immune cell signatures (ICS) score model to predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients and furnish guidance for finding appropriate treatment strategies. Methods. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the normalized enrichment score (NES) of 184 ICSf was calculated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). An ICS score model was generated in light of univariate Cox regression and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso)-Cox regression, which was independently validated in ArrayExpress database. In addition, we appraised the predictive power of the model via Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Eventually, immune infiltration, genomic alterations and immunotherapy were analyzed between high and low ICS score groups. Results. Initially, we screened 11 ICS with prognostic impact based on 515 ccRCC patients. K-M curves presented that the high ICS score group experienced a poorer prognosis (

P
<
0.001

). In parallel, ROC curves revealed a satisfactory reliability of model to predict individual survival at 1, 3, and 5 years, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.744, 0.713, and 0.742, respectively. In addition, we revealed that the high ICS score group was characterized by increased infiltration of immune cells, strengthened BAP1 mutation frequency, and enhanced expression of immune checkpoint genes. Conclusion. The ICS score model has higher predictive power for patients’ prognosis and can instruct ccRCC patients in seeking suitable treatment.
No Evidence that CD33 rs12459419 Polymorphism Predicts Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Response in Consolidation Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Experience of the PETHEMA Group
Authors: Castaño-Bonilla Tamara , Barragán Eva , Sargas Claudia , Sanz Alejandro , Algarra Lorenzo , Herrera-Puente Pilar , García-Boyero Raimundo , Barrios Manuel , Martinez-Cuadron David , Rodriguez-Veiga Rebeca , Boluda Blanca , Gil Cristina , Serrano-López Josefina , Martínez-López Joaquín , Sayas-Lloris María José , Olave María Teresa , Riaza-Grau Rosalía , Castillo Teresa Bernal-Del , Larrayoz María José , Amigo Raquel , Jiménez-Velasco Antonio , Sánchez Joaquín , Ayala Rosa , Blas Carlos , Lainez Daniel , Serrano-López Juana , Sanz Miguel A. , Alonso-Domínguez Juan M. , Montesinos Pau
Published: August 2022

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a conjugate of a monoclonal antibody and calicheamicin, which has been reapproved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML patients with the CD33 rs12459419 CC genotype might benefit from the addition of GO to intensive treatment in contrast to patients with CT/TT genotypes. Nevertheless, contradictory results have been reported. We sought to shed light on the prediction of GO response in AML patients with rs12459419 polymorphism who were treated with GO in the consolidation (

n
=
70

) or reinduction (

n
=
20

) phase. The frequency distribution of the rs12459419 polymorphism in the complete cohort of patients was 44.4% (

n
=
40

), 50% (

n
=
45

), and 5.6% (

n
=
5

) for CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively. Regarding the patients treated with GO for consolidation, we performed a Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival and relapse-free survival according to the rs12459419 polymorphism (CC vs. CT/TT patients) and genetic risk using the European Leukemia Net (ELN) 2010 risk score. We also carried out a Cox regression analysis for the prediction of overall survival, with age and ELN 2010 as covariates. We found no statistical significance in the univariate or multivariate analysis. Additionally, we performed a global Kaplan-Meier analysis for the patients treated with GO for reinduction and did not find significant differences; however, our cohort was too small to draw any conclusion from this analysis. The use of GO in consolidation treatment is included in the approval of the compound; however, evidence regarding its efficacy in this setting is lacking. Rs12459419 polymorphism could help in the selection of patients who might benefit from GO. Regrettably, in our cohort, the rs12459419 polymorphism does not seem to be an adequate tool for the selection of patients who might benefit from the addition of GO in consolidation cycles.
Street Landscape Planning and Design Guided by Artificial Intelligence Interactive Experience
Authors: Xie Jun , Wang Dandan
Published: August 2022

As an important part of the city, urban streets have always played an active role in carrying public needs and optimizing public living spaces. They are also important to open public spaces in the city. In addition, with technology integration and life, the interactive experience of artificial intelligence (AI) in Street View is gradually increasing. A streetscape planning and design method based on AI interactive experience is proposed. CSiXRevit 2022 software builds street simulation models for better street planning and design. Street digital imaging technology is used to analyze the original streetscape. Landscape features are integrated with the street model. Based on intelligent technology, urban landscape design is studied, and AI interactive experience is analyzed. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and AI technology evaluate the effect of landscape design. Firstly, AHP is used to construct the evaluation index system of the rural landscape design effect, and the index weight is determined. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to construct an evaluation model of landscape design effect. Three indexes of target, project, and indicator layer are used to evaluate the effect of rural landscape design. The results show that (1) the variety and richness of streetscapes in the survey area should be increased. Interactive buildings should be placed on the street. (2) The comprehensive evaluation score of the street landscape is 0.60, and the design effect is excellent. The comprehensive evaluation values of the three project layers are 0.65, 0.48, and 0.67, respectively. The data show that the carrying capacity index of the study area is the best, and the vitality index is the weakest. Therefore, when designing the street landscape, the economic development has been strengthened by attracting investment, introducing large-scale exhibition shops, increasing street income, strengthening the construction of street public facilities, and paying attention to the public street experience. This work can provide references for related streetscape designs.
Intelligent Library Service and Management Based on IoT Assistance and Text Recommendation
Authors: Xu Kai
Published: August 2022

The services provided in the smart library stage include not only simple applications such as network creation and computing cloud, but also all-round immersive services through user behavior perception, scene combination, and space-time breakthrough. At the same time, there are also some problems in the existing intelligent library service and management research. This paper puts forward a solution for the intelligent library service and IoT-based management and takes into account the suggestions of atlas users. It is expected that it will provide new ideas and methods for the research in this field. The experimental results show that our smart library framework has higher library management efficiency, improves readers’ borrowing rate, and reduces the cost of library daily maintenance.