bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of material ductility of PP/EPR/talc blend under wide range of stress triaxiality at intermediate and high strain rates
Authors: Mae Hiroyuki
Published: October 2008

A ductile fracture locus formulated in the space of the effective plastic strain to fracture and the stress triaxiality for the polypropylene (PP) blended with ethylene‐propylene rubber (EPR) and talc fillers is obtained at the intermediate and high strain rates by using a combined experimental‐numerical approach. Biaxial loading tests on the flat butterfly specimens are carried out to characterize fracture behaviors under pure shear, combined shear and tension, pure tensile loading conditions at various loading velocities. Corresponding finite element analysis is performed to determine the evolution of stress, strain, and strain rate states. It is found that the material ductility strongly depends on the stress triaxiality for the present PP/EPR/talc blend. Meanwhile, the fracture surfaces are observed by scanning electron microscopy, revealing that there exist two competing failure mechanisms: the multiple crazing at high positive stress triaxialities and void‐sheeting like fracture mode at the low stress triaxiality. The transition of the failure modes occurs in the intermediate range of stress triaxialities. The obtained fracture locus covers a wide range of the stress triaxiality. It would be applicable to the fracture analysis of real automotive components such as interior or exterior polymeric components under various impact loading conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Electrophilic Bromination of Alkenes: Environmental, Health and Safety Aspects of New Alternative Methods
Authors: Eissen Marco , Lenoir Dieter
Published: October 2008

More than twenty new alternative methods for bromination of alkenes have been evaluated taking into consideration their resource demands, waste production as well as environmental, health and safety aspects. The cost of bromine and the substances designated to circumvent the application of molecular bromine have also been taken into account. As bromine is only one of several problematic substances being used, its avoidance—by applying bromine supported on solid material or by performing the in situ generation of bromine—does not significantly reduce the technological requirements. On the contrary, the resource demands and amount of waste produced by most new methods are significantly higher compared to the standard methods, especially if the recycling of a carrying agent is not efficient. The method using hydrobromic acid and hydrogen peroxide can be regarded as a competitive alternative to the standard method. The application of certain carrying agents could be interesting, because solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or chloroform used during synthesis could be replaced with less problematic ones during work‐up. However, problems associated with these alternatives are not resolved as yet.
Metal‐Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis: Towards Direct Alternatives to Multistep Heterocycle and Amino Acid Derivative Formation
Authors: Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: October 2008

The growing understanding of transition‐metal catalysis has provided the opportunity to design reactions that convert simple, readily available building blocks in one step into an array of biologically relevant products. Described herein is the application of this approach to the construction of various biologically relevant products, including pyrroles, imidazoles, β‐lactams, oxazoles, α‐amino acids, propargyl amides, functionalized pyridines, and others. These catalytic reactions rely upon several synthetic operations occurring in sequence, in which the reactivity of transition‐metal complexes both activates basic building blocks towards reaction, and controls how multiple versions of these substrates come together. Overall, this allows the synthesis of each these products in one step, in high yield, with minimal waste, and with straightforward access to product diversity.
ChemInform Abstract: A 3D Network of Four‐Bonded Germanium: A Link Between Open and Dense.
Authors: Schwarz Ulrich , Wosylus Aron , Boehme Bodo , Baitinger Michael , Hanfland Michael , Grin Yuri
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Microwave: A New Route to Obtain Photoluminescent Crystalline BaTiO3 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Moreira M. L. , Mambrini G. P. , Volanti D. P. , Leite E. R. , Orlandi M. O. , Pizani P. S. , Mastelaro V. R. , Paiva‐Santos C. O. , Longo E. , Varela J. A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular H2 Trapped in AlH3 Solid.
Authors: Senadheera Lasitha , Carl Erik M. , Ivancic Timothy M. , Conradi Mark S. , Bowman R. C. Jr. , Hwang S.‐J. , Udovic Terrence J.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Reaction Between LiNH2 and H2.
Authors: Leng H. Y. , Ichikawa T. , Hino S. , Fujii H.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnVSe2O7 and Cd6V2Se5O21: New d10 Transition‐Metal Selenites with V(IV) or V(V) Cations.
Authors: Jiang Hai‐Long , Kong Fang , Fan Yang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Polymeric Chain Constructed from Isopolyanions and Lanthanide Cations: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of (NH4)5 [Ln(NO3)2(H2O)3] [H2W12O40]×nH2O (Ln: Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho).
Authors: Shi Dongmei , Yu Haixia , Pang Haijun , Chen Yaguang
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies with 2‐Arylhydrazononitriles: Further Investigations on Reactivity of 2‐Arylhydrazononitriles Towards Hydroxylamine.
Authors: Riyadh Sayed M. , Al‐Matar Hamad M. , Elnagdi Mohamed H.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Scope of Radical Reactions in Aqueous Media Utilizing Quaternary Ammonium Salts of Phosphinic Acids as Chiral and Achiral Hydrogen Donors.
Authors: Perchyonok V. T. , Tuck Kellie L. , Langford Steven J. , Hearn Milton W.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Hydrosilylation of Alkenes by Organoyttrium Catalysts with Sterically Demanding Amidinate and Guanidinate Ligands.
Authors: Ge Shaozhong , Meetsma Auke , Hessen Bart
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Heterogeneous Vinylation of Aryl Halides Using Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborate.
Authors: Joucla Lionel , Cusati Giuseppe , Pinel Catherine , Djakovitch Laurent
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of (E)‐Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Recoverable Diamino‐Functionalized Mesostructured Polymers.
Authors: Yan Shaoyu , Gao Yuan , Xing Rong , Shen Yali , Liu Yueming , Wu Peng , Wu Haihong
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Non‐Cryogenic Process for the Selective Functionalization of Bromoaryls.
Authors: Gallou Fabrice , Haenggi Ruedi , Hirt Hans , Marterer Wolfgang , Schaefer Frank , Seeger‐Weibel Manuela
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Selective Reduction of Chalcones to Dihydrochalcones by Zn/AcOH.
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Weige , Wang Xin , Bao Kai , Lu Guodong , Lin Jinshun
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Diboration/Suzuki Cross‐Couplings. A Rapid Route to Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Prokopcova Hana , Ramirez Jesus , Fernandez Elena , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of 7‐t‐Butyl‐1,3‐dimethylpyrene: Preparation of 5‐Mono‐ and 5,9‐Di‐Substituted 7‐t‐Butyl‐1,3‐dimethylpyrenes.
Authors: Hu Jian‐yong , Paudel Arjun , Yamato Takehiko
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isolable Thiirane 1‐Imides and Their Stereospecific Ring‐Enlargement to 1,2‐Thiazetidines.
Authors: Sugihara Yoshiaki , Aoyama Yui , Okada Haruki , Nakayama Juzo
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophile Substitution Reaction of Indole. Part 22. Synthesis of a Novel Spiro Heterocyclic System.
Authors: Nayak Anupam , Chatterjee Asima , Banerji Julie , Saha Munmun , Manna Sukumar , Kanrar Sanchayita , Hirose Tomoyasu
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Linear Pentacyclic Compounds from Baylis—Hillman Adduct of Heteroaldehydes with Azomethine Ylides via [3 + 2] Cycladdition.
Authors: Shanmugam Ponnusamy , Madhavan Suchithra , Viswambharan Baby , Vaithiyanathan Vadivel
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New One‐Pot Neat Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐ones Through 4‐(N,N‐Dimethylamino) Pyridine (DMAP) Catalyzed Cyclocondensation of Ethyl Carbazate with Aryl Nitriles.
Authors: Davoodnia A. , Bakavoli M. , Soleimany M. , Behmadi H.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocyclizations of Some 3‐Alkoxy‐2‐thienylchromones.
Authors: Yusuf Mohamad , Kumar Rupesh , Gupta S. C.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Darzens Reaction of 2‐Bromo‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐3(2H)‐benzofuranone with Aromatic Aldehydes to Form Flavonoids.
Authors: Ottersbach Philipp A. , Bolek David , Lepicova Eva , Nieger Martin , Guetschow Michael
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reliable Synthesis of 9‐Aryl‐Substituted 2,6,7‐Trihydroxyxanthen‐3‐ones.
Authors: Schrick Petra , Geick Klaus , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐HIV‐1 Evaluation of 1,5‐Disubstituted Pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Loksha Yasser M. , Globisch Daniel , Pedersen Erik B. , La Colla Paolo , Collu Gabriella , Loddo Roberta
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Novel Dispiroindano Thiazolo[2,3‐b]benzo[h]quinazoline Pyrrolidines Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Kathiravan S. , Raghunathan R.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives by Lanthanide Trichloride Catalyzed Condensation of o‐Phenylenediamine with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Feng Shan‐E , Xu Fan , Shen Qi
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Allyl‐4‐phosphachromones by Cyclized Coupling of Ethyl o‐Hydroxyphenyl(ethynyl)phosphinate with Allyl Bromide.
Authors: Xie Liang , Ma Jing , Ding Yi‐Xiang
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Nitrogenated Drimane Derivative with Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Zarraga Miguel , Zarraga Ana Maria , Rodriguez Benito , Perez Claudia , Paz Cristian , Paz Pablo , Sanhueza Carlos
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Tetrastilbene from Caragana sinica
Authors: Cheng Ke Jun , Ma Da You , Yang Guo Xun , Hu Chang Qi
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Route Towards Heliannuol A.
Authors: Macias Francisco A. , Chinchilla David , Molinillo Jose M. G. , Fronczek Frank R. , Shishido Kozo
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Characterization of Three Siderophores from Marine Bacteria.
Authors: You Mei‐Xian , Zhang Hui‐Ping , Hu Chang‐Qi
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors Ellagic Acid Derivatives with Immunoinhibitory Properties from Terminalia superba.
Authors: Tabopda Turibio Kuiate , Ngoupayo Joseph , Liu Jiawei , Ali Muhammad Shaiq , Khan Shamsun Nahar , Ngadjui Bonaventure Tchaleu , Luu Bang
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric WO3 Nanoparticles for Acetone Selective Detection.
Authors: Wang L. , Teleki A. , Pratsinis S. E. , Gouma P. I.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Copper(I)‐Complexed Rotaxanes via Click Chemistry.
Authors: Durot Stephanie , Mobian Pierre , Collin Jean‐Paul , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Multiple‐Mode Molecular Logic System for pH, Solvent Polarity, and Hg2+ Ions.
Authors: Zhang Dong , Su Jianhua , Ma Xiang , Tian He
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks: MOF‐5, MOF‐74, MOF‐177, MOF‐199, and IRMOF‐0.
Authors: Tranchemontagne David J. , Hunt Joseph R. , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: GaI as Ligand in Transition‐Metal Complexes — An Alternative to CO or N2?
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Joerg , Linti Gerald
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocuprates and Diamagnetic Copper Complexes: Structures and NMR Spectroscopic Structure Elucidation in Solution
Authors: Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonyl and Olefin Adducts of Coinage Metals Supported by Poly(pyrazolyl)borate and Poly(pyrazolyl)alkane Ligands and Silver Mediated Atom Transfer Reactions
Authors: Dias H. V. Rasika , Lovely Carl J.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Three‐Coordinate Iron Complexes
Authors: Holland Patrick L.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Functional Model Systems for Analysis of the Active Center of Nitrile Hydratase
Authors: Yano Takuma , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Aspects of Recent Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Maruoka Keiji
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of Polyketides: Post‐PKS Processing in the Formation of Spiroketals
Authors: Young Jeanette , Taylor Richard E.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery
Authors: Cumpstey Ian
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoindolones and Related N‐Heterocycles via Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Reactions
Authors: Grigg R. , Sridharan V.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenecarboxylic Acids
Authors: Yoon T. P. , Jacobsen E. N.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acids: Synthesis with Retention of the Functional Group
Authors: Vedantham P. , Jimenez M. , Hanson P. R.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acids — Synthesis from Carbonic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Collier Steven J. , Kataisto E.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitory Effects of “Goishi‐Tea” as a Post‐Fermented‐Tea on Dietary‐Induced Hypercholesteremia and Atherosclerosis in Rabbits
Authors: Miyamura Mitsuhiko , Moriyama Hironori , Murata Shuuzo , Yokota Junko , Yoshioka Saburo , Takuma Daisuke , Hamada Atsuhide , Nishioka Yutaka
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chemical Imaging of Monolayers on Metal Surfaces: Applications in Corrosion, Catalysis, and Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Baldelli Steven
Published: October 2008

In situ techniques are indispensable to understanding many topics in surface chemistry. As a consequence, several spectroscopic methods have been developed to provide molecular‐level information that only spectroscopy can supply. However, as important as this information is, it is just as critical to realize that nearly all surfaces under investigation have spatial heterogeneities of the order of nanometers to millimeters; thus, spatial analysis is very important to the overall interpretation. This Minireview focuses on a few of the recent developments in spectroscopic techniques that can provide spatial, spectroscopic, and in situ information. These techniques include photo‐electron microscopy, infrared and Raman imaging, and nonlinear optical imaging vibrational spectroscopy as applied to topics in corrosion, catalysis and self‐assembled monolayers.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules as a possible source for molecular studies: Analysis of RNA obtained from routine cases
Authors: da Silveira Mitteldorf Cristina Aparecida Troques , de Sousa‐Canavez Juliana Moreira , Massumoto Celso , da Camara‐Lopes Luis Heraldo
Published: October 2008

Thyroid nodules are frequent in clinical practice and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is widely used for its evaluation, but approximately 20% of the cases are diagnosed as indeterminate for malignancy. Aspirates from thyroid nodules can be used for ancillary methods, but molecular techniques are not routinely applied to these specimens. Forty‐six consecutive, routinely performed, FNAB of thyroid nodules were evaluated for the feasibility of applying RT‐PCR method. RNA was extracted from 1 of 3 fresh residual samples and analyzed to determine its pureness, integrity, and concentration. Cellularity was adequate in all 46, except one, specimens analyzed, scored as 0, 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+ in 1, 10, 14, 9, and 8 cases, respectively. Thirty‐three nodules measured less than 1.5 cm. Cytological diagnosis was positive for malignancy in 3 cases, indeterminate for malignancy in 3, most probably benign follicular lesion in 7, negative for malignancy in 32, and suggestive of benign follicular lesion in 1. Good quality RNA was successfully isolated in 45/46 (97.8%) samples, with an average RNA concentration of 14 ng/μl and detection of B2M mRNA in 97.7% (44/45). There was no significant correlation between RNA concentration and nodule size or specimen cellularity. In conclusion, molecular analysis using individual, residual samples of thyroid nodules aspirates is feasible and could be employed for molecular preoperative studies in the future, adding elements for final cytological diagnosis of indeterminate cases, without altering the routine procedure. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inherited disorders as a risk factor and predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome in pediatric cancer
Authors: Ullrich Nicole J.
Published: October 2008

Each year in the United States, an average of one to two children per 10,000 develop cancer. The etiology of most childhood cancer remains largely unknown but is likely attributable to random or induced genetic aberrations in somatic tissue. However, a subset of children develops cancer in the setting of an underlying inheritable condition involving a germline genetic mutation or chromosomal aberration. Despite overall improved survival rates for children with cancer over recent decades, many patients experience neurological and neurocognitive complications during the course of their illness and/or as late effects of treatment. Improvements in therapy, longer survival times, and improved imaging techniques have all increased both the time that patients are at risk and the ability to detect such complications. How an underlying inherited disorder influences the incidence, timing, etiology, and treatment of such sequelae has not been extensively documented, but evidence exists for an increased risk for secondary malignancies and in some cases life‐threatening sensitivity/toxicity to conventionally dosed cancer treatments, thus emphasizing the need for the early recognition of such syndromes. This review outlines the major tumor‐ and treatment‐related neurodevelopmental sequelae in pediatric cancer patients, with particular attention to children with an underlying inheritable disorder. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:229–237.
Cysteine‐rich secretory proteins are not exclusively expressed in the male reproductive tract
Authors: Reddy Thulasimala , Gibbs Gerard M. , Merriner D. Jo , Kerr Jeffrey B. , O'Bryan Moira K.
Published: October 2008

The Cysteine‐RIch Secretory Proteins (CRISPs) are abundantly produced in the male reproductive tract of mammals and within the venom of reptiles and have been shown to regulate ion channel activity. CRISPs, along with the Antigen‐5 proteins and the Pathogenesis related‐1 (Pr‐1) proteins, form the CAP superfamily of proteins. Analyses of EST expression databases are increasingly suggesting that mammalian CRISPs are expressed more widely than in the reproductive tract. We, therefore, conducted a reverse transcription PCR expression profile and immunohistochemical analyses of 16 mouse tissues to define the sites of production of each of the four murine CRISPs. These data showed that each of the CRISPs have distinct and sometimes overlapping expression profiles, typically associated with the male and female reproductive tract, the secretory epithelia of exocrine glands, and immune tissues including the spleen and thymus. These investigations raise the potential for a role for CRISPs in general mammalian physiology. Developmental Dynamics 237:3313–3323, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frizzled 8a function is required for oligodendrocyte development in the zebrafish spinal cord
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Kim Seok‐Hyung , Kim Ho , Chung Ah‐Young , Cha Yong I. , Kim Cheol‐Hee , Huh Tae‐Lin , Park Hae‐Chul
Published: October 2008

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the central nervous system. The development of oligodendrocytes is mediated by complex signaling networks, including Wnt signaling. Although Wnt signaling has been studied in various aspects of neurogenesis, the distinct roles of various Frizzled receptors that mediate the Wnt signaling in the CNS remain virtually unknown. In order to understand the specific function of Wnt signaling in oligodendrocyte development, we focused on the Frizzled 8a (Fz8a) receptor. Here we show that Fz8a plays a critical role in the specification and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the ventral spinal cord. Loss of Fz8a function perturbed the proliferation and organization of radial glial cells that give rise to OPCs in the ventral precursor region of spinal cord. In addition, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling activation after the specification of OPCs blocks the formation of mature oligodendrocytes and results in the elimination of OPCs. Developmental Dynamics 237:3324–3331, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateral fast muscle fibers originate from the posterior lip of the teleost dermomyotome
Authors: Steinbacher P. , Stadlmayr V. , Marschallinger J. , Sänger A.M. , Stoiber W.
Published: October 2008

The predominant source of myogenic cells in vertebrates is the dermomyotome (DM). In teleost fish, recent research has provided a useful but limited picture of how myogenic precursors originate from the DM and how they develop into muscle fibers. Here, we combine detailed morphological analysis with examination of molecular markers in trout to describe the cellular mechanisms by which the lateral fast muscle growth zone is created during second phase myogenesis. Results suggest that this occurs by lateral‐to‐medial immigration of myogenic cells de‐epithelializing from the posterior DM lip. These cells then appear to stop proliferation and migrate anteriorly to finally differentiate into muscle fibres. This seems to be a continuation of the rotational cell movement that creates the teleost DM during early somite development. These findings suggest an evolutionary conserved role of the posterior DM lip in amniotes and fish. Developmental Dynamics 237:3233–3239, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Definitive erythropoiesis in chicken yolk sac
Authors: Nagai Hiroki , Sheng Guojun
Published: October 2008

The first wave of erythropoiesis in amniotic animals generates all primitive erythrocytes and takes place exclusively in yolk sac mesoderm. It is less clear, however, to what extent and for how long the yolk sac contributes to the second wave of erythropoiesis which gives rise to definitive erythrocytes for later embryonic and adult use. Here, we examine the initiation, duration, and site of definitive erythrocyte formation in chicken yolk sac. We show that the earliest definitive erythrocytes are generated in yolk sac venous vessels surrounding major arteries at embryonic day (E) 4–4.5, and that mature definitive erythrocytes enter circulating at E4.5–E5. This takes place at a time when yolk sac vasculature remodels extensively to generate paired arterial/venous vessels. The yolk sac remains the predominant site for definitive erythropoiesis from E5 to E10, and continues to generate definitive erythrocytes at least until E15. Similar to primitive erythropoiesis, definitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac is accompanied by the expression of transcriptional regulators gata1, scl, and lmo2. Furthermore, our data suggest that one main source of definitive erythropoietic cells is the pre‐existing vascular endothelial cells. It remains unclear whether yolk sac derived hematopoietic progenitors that do not undergo erythropoiesis in the yolk sac may take up intraembryonic niches and contribute to erythropoietic stem cell population after hatching. Developmental Dynamics 237:3332–3341, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Error compensation of a position measuring system with moving landmarks for a microrobot
Authors: Torii Akihiro , Inoue Toru , Doki Kae , Ueda Akiteru
Published: October 2008

The error in a position measurement system for a microrobot is described. The system consists of position‐sensitive detectors and moving landmarks, which are lasers mounted on linear stages. The system requires accurate positioning of the linear stages. The position measurement accuracy was investigated by varying the angle formed by the linear stages. Under our experimental conditions, the maximum measurement error was about 0.2 mm, which was reduced to 5µm by using the method of least squares. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(3): 1–8, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10067
Shapes of nonmonotonic activation functions in a chaotic neural network associative memory model and its evaluation
Authors: Obayashi Masanao , Omiya Rie , Kuremoto Takashi , Kobayashi Kunikazu
Published: October 2008

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of the associative memory model using Aihara's chaotic neural network with different activation functions. Sigmoid function, a monotonic function, was used in Aihara's original model. However, in the static associative memory, it is reported that the storage capacity of the network is improved when a nonmonotonic function is used as the activation function. To improve the associative ability of chaotic neural network, kinds of nonmonotonic functions have been proposed to serve as activation function. This paper investigates their difference as to retrieval ability, and proposes an advanced nonmonotonic function. By computer simulation, we discuss what kind of shape is good regarding improving the associative ability of chaotic neural network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(3): 22– 27, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10070
Aggregation of Hexanuclear, Mixed‐Valence Manganese Oxide Clusters Linked by Propionato Ligands To Form a One‐Dimensional Polymer [Mn6O2(O2CEt)10(H2O)4]n
Authors: Ma Cheng‐Bing , Hu Ming‐Qiang , Chen Hui , Chen Chang‐Neng , Liu Qiu‐Tian
Published: October 2008

A new discrete hexanuclear, mixed‐valence Mn oxide cluster, [Mn6O2(O2CEt)10(H2O)4] (1), has been prepared and used as the building unit for the self‐assembly of a rare propionato‐bridged zigzag‐like chain polymer, [Mn6O2(O2CEt)10(H2O)4]n (2), with the retention of the Mn6 core of 1. Both complexes are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determinations and magnetic measurements. The discrete complex 1·3H2O crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pnna with a = 14.2089(6), b = 21.4910(11), and c = 16.4247(6) Å, whereas the polymeric complex 2·2nEtCO2H crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 13.651(4), b = 25.827(8), and c = 30.312(10) Å. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility analyses show the presence of moderately strong antiferromagnetic interactions within the Mn6 cluster unit in both complexes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
N‐glycan analysis by CGE–LIF: Profiling influenza A virus hemagglutinin N‐glycosylation during vaccine production
Authors: Schwarzer Jana , Rapp Erdmann , Reichl Udo
Published: October 2008

Glycoproteins, such as monoclonal antibodies as well as recombinant and viral proteins produced in mammalian cell culture play an important role in manufacturing of many biopharmaceuticals. To ensure consisting quality of the corresponding products, glycosylation profiles have to be tightly controlled, as glycosylation affects important properties of the corresponding proteins, including bioactivity and antigenicity. This study describes the establishment of a method for analyzing N‐glycosylation patterns of mammalian cell culture‐derived influenza A virus glycoproteins used in vaccine manufacturing. It comprises virus purification directly from cell culture supernatant, protein isolation, deglycosylation, and clean‐up steps as well as “fingerprint” analysis of N‐glycan pools by CGE‐LIF, using a capillary DNA‐sequencer. Reproducibility studies of CGE‐LIF, virus purification, and sample preparation have been performed. For demonstrating its applicability, the method was exemplarily used for monitoring batch‐to‐batch reproducibility in vaccine production, with respect to the glycosylation pattern of the membrane protein hemagglutinin of influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. This method allows characterization of variations in protein glycosylation patterns, directly by N‐glycan “fingerprint” alignment.
Synthesis of n‐butyl acetamide over immobilized lipase
Authors: Yadav Ganapati D. , Borkar Indrakant V.
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: The conversion of carboxylic esters to amides can be accomplished efficiently by enzymatic catalysis. Amidation of benzyl acetate with n‐butyl amine was studied in non‐aqueous media using immobilized lipases.

RESULTS: The activities of immobilized lipases, Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM IM and Lipozyme TL IM were evaluated in the synthesis of n‐butyl acetamide, among which Novozym 435 was the best. The process was optimized by studying various process parameters. Benzyl acetate conversion of 46% was achieved in 8 h for a mole ratio of 3:1 of n‐butyl amine to benzyl acetate with 3.67 g L−1 Novozym 435 in toluene at 55 °C. A model based on an ordered bi–bi mechanism fitted the initial rate data very well and the rate constant and inhibition constants were calculated by non‐linear regression analysis. The initial rate studies showed that the Michaelis constant for benzyl acetate was low indicating high affinity between the enzyme and the reactant.

CONCLUSION: A novel, efficient and environmentally benign enzymatic process is reported for the synthesis of n‐butyl acetamide. This method is general and can be used to synthesize analogous compounds in optically enriched form, since it is difficult to make such amides directly from carboxylic acids and amines by purely chemical means. The theoretical predictions and experimental data matched very well. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Iliotibial band tension reduces patellar lateral stability
Authors: Merican Azhar M. , Iranpour Farhad , Amis Andrew A.
Published: October 2008

This study investigated the effect of loading the iliotibial band (ITB) on the stability of the patellofemoral joint. We measured the restraining force required to displace the patella 10 mm medially and laterally (defined as medial and lateral stability, respectively) in 14 fresh‐frozen knees from 0 to 90° knee flexion. The testing rig allowed the patella to rotate and translate freely during this displacement. The quadriceps was separated into five components and loaded with 175 N total tension. Testing was performed at 0 to 90 N ITB tension. With no ITB tension, the lateral restraining force ranged from 82 to 101 N across 0 to 90° flexion. Increasing ITB tension caused progressive reduction of the lateral restraining force. The maximum reduction was 25% at 60° flexion and 90 N ITB tension. Medial restraining force increased progressively with increasing knee flexion and increasing ITB loads; it ranged from 74 N at 0° knee flexion and 0 N ITB tension to 211 N at 90° knee flexion and 90 N ITB tension. The maximum effect was an increase of medial restraining force of 50% at 90° flexion and 90 N ITB tension. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:335–339, 2009