bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of reproductive seasonality on the excretion of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in free‐ranging Pampas Deer
Authors: Grotta‐Neto F. , Christofoletti M. D. , Piovezan U. , Herédias‐Ribas C. M. , Duarte J. M. B.
Published: April 2024

Understanding how fecal glucocorticoid (GC) concentration is associated with reproduction in wild animals allows us to associate physiological stress with the costs of reproduction. Glucocorticoids are among the main stress‐related hormones, and their secretion is strongly associated with reproductive seasonality. Using non‐invasive methods (thereby avoiding causing stress), we used fecal GC metabolites (FGC) to test the hypothesis that the reproductive phase (mating, non‐mating, gestation, and lactation) influences stress levels of the seasonally reproductive Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). Furthermore, we compared FGC between sexes and between males of different antler statuses (velvet, hard, cast). During 1 year, in the Pantanal of Brazil, we collected 621 fresh fecal samples (327 from females, 294 from males) from which we estimated FGC using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). FGC concentrations varied by reproductive phase and antler status. Agonistic and courtship interactions associated with mating (i.e., fights between males, attempts to mount females), suggest that they influence FGC concentrations most strongly in both sexes. Females also had greater FGC concentrations during lactation, suggesting that this phase and parental care are also associated with increased physiological stress. In males, the association of FGC concentrations with antler status may be, in part, associated with photoperiod and testosterone secretion, both of which can trigger reproductive and agonistic behaviors. Finally, reproductive synchrony of the sexes causes similar FGC over time and suggests that environmental factors contribute as well. We show that non‐invasive monitoring of glucocorticoid metabolites levels is an effective tool for detecting changes in the physiological stress response in Pampas Deer, suggesting that this tool will be useful for detecting changes in physiological stress caused by human disturbance, such as cattle ranching in Pantanal and similar disturbances elsewhere.
Long‐term safety of desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets in men with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria: Interim results of a specified drug use–results survey in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Yoshimasa , Murata Shujiro , Kuramoto Kiyotoshi , Nakano Atsushi
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This interim report presents the 12‐week results of a post‐marketing surveillance evaluating the safety of desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets 25 and 50 μg in Japanese men with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria.

Methods

Of the planned study population of 1000 Japanese men receiving desmopressin for the first time for nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria, 971 cases were enrolled. In this interim analysis, 9 cases, including 6 registry violations and 3 cases of unconfirmed desmopressin dosing, were excluded from the 354 case report forms collected and fixed by the end of December 2021, and data up to 12 weeks after administration in 345 cases were defined as the safety analysis set.

Results

The mean age was 74.5 ± 9.9 years and 88.7% of the survey participants were aged ≥65 years. Desmopressin was started at a dose of 25 μg in 153 cases (44.3%). There were 102 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in 71 cases, including 6 serious ADRs in 3 cases (0.9%). The most common ADR was hyponatremia occurring in 29 cases (8.4%). Eight of the hyponatremic cases were asymptomatic. Symptoms were resolved or slightly improved within 4 weeks of onset in 13 of 29 cases of hyponatremia. In addition, hyponatremia occurred in 11 of 217 cases (5.1%), with a serum sodium level before the administration of desmopressin of ≥140 mmol/L, and in 13 of 87 cases (14.9%), with a level of 135–139 mmol/L, and was not measured in 5 hyponatremia cases. Patient characteristics that showed significant differences in the occurrence of hyponatremia included body weight, body mass index, renal function, and pretreatment serum sodium level. Regular monitoring of serum sodium is necessary for early detection of hyponatremia.

Conclusions

Hyponatremia was the most common ADR when desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets were used to treat nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria over a 12‐week period.
Coevolution of phyllosilicate, carbon, sulfide, and apatite in Ryugu's parent body
Authors: Gainsforth Zack , Dominguez Gerardo , Amano Kana , Matsumoto Megumi , Fujioka Yuri , Kagawa Eiichi , Nakamura Tomoki , Tachibana Shogo , Morita Tomoyo , Kikuiri Mizuha , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Noguchi Takaaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masano , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Nakazawa Satoru , Watanabe Sei‐ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi ,   Hayabusa2 Initial Analysis Stone Team
Published: April 2024

We analyzed an asteroid Ryugu sample returned to Earth by JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission using nanoIR, SEM, and TEM microscopy. We identified multiple distinct carbon reservoirs within the phyllosilicate matrix and demonstrate infrared spectral affinities for some of the carbon to insoluble organic matter (IOM). TEM studies of Ryugu samples have allowed us to better understand the interrelationship between the crystallographic orientations of phyllosilicates and the secondary minerals such as carbonate, sulfide, and apatite. Transport of elements provides a unifying theme for understanding these interrelationships.
Brecciation at the grain scale within the lithologies of the Winchcombe Mighei‐like carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Daly Luke , Suttle Martin D. , Lee Martin R. , Bridges John , Hicks Leon , Martin Pierre‐Etienne M. C. , Floyd Cameron J. , Jenkins Laura E. , Salge Tobias , King Ashley J. , Almeida Natasha V. , Johnson Diane , Trimby Patrick W. , Mansour Haithem , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Rollinson Gavyn , Genge Matthew J. , Darling James , Bagot Paul A. J. , White Lee F. , Stephen Natasha R. , Mitchell Jennifer T. , Griffin Sammy , Willcocks Francesca M. , Jones Rhian , Piazolo Sandra , Einsle Joshua F. , Macente Alice , Hallis Lydia J. , O'Brien Aine , Schofield Paul F. , Russell Sara S. , Bates Helena , Smith Caroline , Franchi Ian , Forman Lucy V. , Bland Phil A. , Westmoreland David , Anderson Iain , Taylor Richard , Montgomery Mark , Parsons Mark , Vasseur Jérémie , van Ginneken Matthias , Wozniakiewicz Penelope J. , Burchell Mark J. , Hallatt Daniel , Alesbrook Luke S. , Spathis Vassilia , Worden Richard , Behnsen Julie , Black Kate ,   the UK Fireball Alliance
Published: April 2024

The Mighei‐like carbonaceous (CM) chondrites have been altered to various extents by water–rock reactions on their parent asteroid(s). This aqueous processing has destroyed much of the primary mineralogy of these meteorites, and the degree of alteration is highly heterogeneous at both the macroscale and nanoscale. Many CM meteorites are also heavily brecciated juxtaposing clasts with different alteration histories. Here we present results from the fine‐grained team consortium study of the Winchcombe meteorite, a recent CM chondrite fall that is a breccia and contains eight discrete lithologies that span a range of petrologic subtypes (CM2.0–2.6) that are suspended in a cataclastic matrix. Coordinated multitechnique, multiscale analyses of this breccia reveal substantial heterogeneity in the extent of alteration, even in highly aqueously processed lithologies. Some lithologies exhibit the full range and can comprise nearly unaltered coarse‐grained primary components that are found directly alongside other coarse‐grained components that have experienced complete pseudomorphic replacement by secondary minerals. The preservation of the complete alteration sequence and pseudomorph textures showing tochilinite–cronstedtite intergrowths are replacing carbonates suggest that CMs may be initially more carbonate rich than previously thought. This heterogeneity in aqueous alteration extent is likely due to a combination of microscale variability in permeability and water/rock ratio generating local microenvironments as has been established previously. Nevertheless, some of the disequilibrium mineral assemblages observed, such as hydrous minerals juxtaposed with surviving phases that are typically more fluid susceptible, can only be reconciled by multiple generations of alteration, disruption, and reaccretion of the CM parent body at the grain scale.
Modes of action and potential as a peptide‐based biofungicide of a plant defensin MtDef4
Authors: Li Hui , Kalunke Raviraj , Tetorya Meenakshi , Czymmek Kirk J. , Shah Dilip M.
Published: April 2024

Due to rapidly emerging resistance to single‐site fungicides in fungal pathogens of plants, there is a burgeoning need for safe and multisite fungicides. Plant antifungal peptides with multisite modes of action (MoA) have potential as bioinspired fungicides. Medicago truncatula defensin MtDef4 was previously reported to exhibit potent antifungal activity against fungal pathogens. Its MoA involves plasma membrane disruption and binding to intracellular targets. However, specific biochemical processes inhibited by this defensin and causing cell death have not been determined. Here, we show that MtDef4 exhibited potent antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. It induced severe plasma membrane and organelle irregularities in the germlings of this pathogen. It bound to fungal ribosomes and inhibited protein translation in vitro. A MtDef4 variant lacking antifungal activity exhibited greatly reduced protein translation inhibitory activity. A cation‐tolerant MtDef4 variant was generated that bound to β‐glucan of the fungal cell wall with higher affinity than MtDef4. It also conferred a greater reduction in the grey mould disease symptoms than MtDef4 when applied exogenously on Nicotiana benthamiana plants, tomato fruits and rose petals. Our findings revealed inhibition of protein synthesis as a likely target of MtDef4 and the potential of its cation‐tolerant variant as a peptide‐based fungicide.
Using the Australian Dietary Guidelines 2&5 education message in supermarket shopping trolleys to nudge shoppers to purchase more fruit and vegetables: A feasibility study using an intervention design
Authors: McGrath Greg
Published: April 2024

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases; however, only one in 16 Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of modifying shopper purchasing behaviour to purchase more F&Vs using the Australian Dietary Guidelines 2&5 education message covering one‐half of the base of shopping trolleys. Placards giving the message that eating 2 fruits and 5 vegetables every day for good health were placed at the base of shopping trolleys as an educational nudge. Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting paper sales receipts to measure the weight (kg), total spending and F&V‐specific spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys for one Saturday. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day on non‐trial shoppers. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the 2&5 education nudge placards (n = 101) purchased 1.66 kg less weight of F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 3.89 kg, SD = 3.40 kg, 95% CI = 3.21 kg, 4.56 kg, vs. Control: mean 5.55 kg, SD = 4.16 kg, 95% CI = 4.73 kg, 6.37 kg, p = 0.002) and spent less on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 102; Intervention: mean = $26.00, SD = $21.60, 95% CI = $21.78, $30.32 vs. Control: mean $36.00, SD = $27.00, 95% CI = $30.72, $42.36, p = 0.004). Intervention group shoppers also spent less in total spending between groups (Intervention: mean = $115.40, SD = $68.30, 95% CI = $101.95, $128.95 vs. Control: mean $151.30, SD = $79.40, 95% CI = $135.73, $166.93, p = 0.001). The 2&5 education nudge placard had the opposite effect as intended on shoppers' purchases to buy more F&Vs, although there may have been other differences between the intervention and the control groups since they were not randomised. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.
Relationship between number of prior lumbar spine surgeries and outcomes following spinal cord stimulator implantation: A multisite, retrospective pooled analysis
Authors: Hagedorn Jonathan M. , D'Souza Ryan S. , Yadav Abhishek , George Tony K. , DeTemple Nathan , Ovrom Erik , Lam Christopher M. , Sayed Dawood , Hall Morgan , Stephenson Lauren , Rivera Zach , Hoelzer Bryan , Deer Timothy R.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Lumbar spine surgery is a common procedure for treating disabling spine‐related pain. In recent decades, both the number and cost of spine surgeries have increased despite technological advances and modification in surgical technique. For those patients that have continued uncontrolled back and/or lower extremity pain following lumbar spine surgery, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as a viable treatment option. However, the impact of lumbar spine surgical history remains largely unstudied. Specifically, the current study considers the impact of number of prior lumbar spine surgeries on pain relief outcomes following SCS implantation.

Materials and Methods

We queried the electronic medical record of five separate pain practices for all patients who have undergone a SCS implant between January 1, 2017, and March 1, 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of any patients with an SCS implant who underwent a prior lumbar spine surgery. The primary outcome was the mean calculated percentage pain relief in patients based on number of prior lumbar spine surgeries.

Results

There was a total of 1974 total SCS implant cases identified across five separate pain clinics. There was no difference in mean calculated pain relief in patients with one prior spine surgery versus those with two or more prior spine surgeries (28.2% vs. 25.8%, adjusted β‐coefficient –3.1, 95% CI –8.9 to 2.7, p = 0.290). Similarly, when analyzing number of spine surgeries as a continuous variable, there was no association between number of spine surgeries and calculated pain relief (adjusted β‐coefficient –1.5, 95% CI –4.0 to 1.1, p = 0.257). Additionally, after patients were stratified based on waveform, there was no association between number of prior lumbar spine surgeries (analyzed both as a categorical and continuous variable) and calculated percentage pain relief.

Conclusions

This multicentered retrospective study found that there was no significant difference in pain scores in individuals who received SCS following one or more lumbar spine surgeries. Additionally, the waveform of the SCS device had no statistically significant impact on post‐operative pain scores following one or more lumbar spine surgeries.
The endophytic fungal community plays a crucial role in the resistance of host plants to necrotic bacterial pathogens
Authors: Yang Min , Gao Penghua , Guo Jianwei , Qi Ying , Li Lifang , Yang Shaowu , Zhao Yongteng , Liu Jiani , Yu Lei
Published: April 2024

Konjac species (Amorphophallus spp.) are the only plant species in the world that are rich in a large amount of konjac glucomannan (KGM). These plants are widely cultivated as cash crops in tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, including China. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens of konjac. Here, we analyzed the interactions between Pcc and susceptible and resistant konjac species from multiple perspectives. At the transcriptional and metabolic levels, the susceptible species A. konjac and resistant species A. muelleri exhibit similar molecular responses, activating plant hormone signaling pathways and metabolizing defense compounds such as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids to resist infection. Interestingly, we found that Pcc stress can lead to rapid recombination of endophytic microbial communities within a very short period (96 h). Under conditions of bacterial pathogen infection, the relative abundance of most bacterial communities in konjac tissue decreased sharply compared with that in healthy plants, while the relative abundance of some beneficial fungal communities increased significantly. The relative abundance of Cladosporium increased significantly in both kinds of infected konjac compared to that in healthy plants, and the relative abundance in resistant A. muelleri plants was greater than that in susceptible A. konjac plants. Among the isolated cultivable microorganisms, all three strains of Cladosporium strongly inhibited Pcc growth. Our results further elucidate the potential mechanism underlying konjac resistance to Pcc infection, highlighting the important role of endophytic microbial communities in resisting bacterial pathogen infections, especially the more direct role of fungal communities in inhibiting pathogen growth.
How much do conservation cropping practices mitigate runoff and soil erosion under Western European conditions: A focus on conservation tillage, tied ridging and winter cover crops
Authors: Clement Timothée , Bielders Charles L. , Degré Aurore
Published: April 2024

Conservation farming practices are known for their capacity to mitigate runoff and erosion, but the magnitude of their effectiveness is highly variable across studies. In order to better understand the contribution of environmental and management factors to their effectiveness, up to 37 studies reporting 271 individual trials were collated for a quantitative review regarding 3 common conservation agriculture‐related practices, at the plot scale and in a Western European context. Two different methods suitable for hierarchically structured data sets were used for the meta‐analyses—hierarchical nonparametric bootstrapping and linear random effects models—, yielding nearly identical average outcomes but differing in terms of confidence intervals. We found that, on average, winter cover crops reduce cumulative seasonal (autumn‐winter) runoff by 68% and soil losses by 72% compared with a bare soil. The occurrence and intensity of stubble tillage on the control plot is a key explanatory variable for the mitigation effect of winter cover crops. In potato crops, tied ridging reduces cumulative seasonal (spring–summer) runoff by a mean of 70% and soil erosion by 92%. Conservation (non‐inversion) tillage techniques alleviate cumulative seasonal overland flow by 27% and associated sediments losses by 66%, but strong evidence of publication bias was detected for this farming practice, probably leading to an overestimation of its effectiveness. These mitigation effects are shown to be much greater for spring crops than for winter crops, and to increase with time since ploughing was stopped. The type of conservation tillage scheme strongly affects the ability to attenuate surface flows. Intensive non‐inversion tillage systems relying on repeated use of (powered) tillage operations appear to be the least effective for reducing both water and sediment losses. The best performing scheme against runoff would be a deep (non‐inversion) tillage (−61%), while against erosion it would be a no‐till system (−82%). Although several explanatory factors were identified, there remains a high (unexplained) variability between trials effect sizes, thus not attributable to pure sampling variability. Meanwhile, this review provides farm advisors or policy makers with guidance on the contexts in which implementation of such conservation practices should be supported so as to maximize expected benefits.
Alternating rabacfosadine and doxorubicin for treatment of naïve canine lymphoma
Authors: Saba Corey F. , Fan Timothy M. , Phillips Brenda S. , Wright Zachary M. , Thamm Douglas H.
Published: April 2024

The current standard of care treatment for canine lymphoma is a multi‐agent, CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol. Single agent doxorubicin (DOX) is less burdensome; however, multi‐agent chemotherapy protocols are often superior. The recently approved drug rabacfosadine (RAB, Tanovea) provides an attractive option for combination therapy with DOX, as both drugs demonstrate efficacy against lymphoma and possess different mechanisms of action. A previous study evaluating alternating RAB/DOX reported an overall response rate (ORR) of 84%, with a median progression‐free survival time (PFS) of 194 days. The aim of this prospective trial was to evaluate the same protocol in an additional population of dogs. Fifty‐nine dogs with treatment naïve lymphoma were enrolled. RAB (1.0 mg/kg IV) was alternated with DOX (30 mg/m2 IV) every 21 days for up to six total treatments (3 cycles). Response assessment and adverse event (AE) evaluation were performed every 21 days using VCOG criteria. The ORR was 93% (79% CR, 14% PR). The median time to maximal response was 21.5 days; median PFS was 199 days. T cell immunophenotype and lack of treatment response were predictive of inferior outcomes. AEs were mostly gastrointestinal. Six dogs developed presumed or confirmed pulmonary fibrosis; four were grade 5. One dog experienced grade 3 extravasation injury with RAB that resolved with supportive treatment. These data mirror those of the previously reported RAB/DOX study, and support the finding that alternating RAB/DOX is a reasonable treatment option for canine lymphoma.
Structural Synthesis of Planar Kinematic Chains for Non-Redundant Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Vinícius Morlin Fernando , Piga Carboni Andrea , Martins Daniel
Published: April 2024

This work focuses on the synthesis of non-redundant planar kinematic chains applied to parallel manipulators, where the mobility of the kinematic chains is constrained by the planar workspace, allowing for kinematic chains with up to three degrees-of-freedom. The synthesis process consists of two stages. First, a graph generator enumerates non-isomorphic biconnected graphs representing planar kinematic chains with up to three degrees-of-freedom and seven loops. Subsequently, graphs associated to chains with rigid subchains are removed using a degeneracy identification method based on matroid theory. Concise results are presented for chains with up to five loops. For chains with six and seven loops, results are categorized based on link partitions for a direct comparison with previous results. These findings align with prior research, with minor variations in the reported chain numbers. These variations can be attributed to several factors, including graph generation, isomorphism testing, fractionation, and subchain identification. These factors are comprehensively discussed and examined.
Positioning Error Estimation Models for Horizontal-Distributed Prismatic–Universal–Universal Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Ke Jian-Dong , Wang Yu-Jen , Tsai Jhy-Cherng
Published: April 2024

In this paper, two models were proposed to estimate the positioning error of a 3-translational prismatic–universal–universal parallel kinematic mechanism. The two models were a kinematic error model (KEM) and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model, respectively. The KEM was constructed by incorporating three translational joint errors into the ideal kinematic model to describe the errors that occur during machining or assembly. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was presented for each error parameter. The BPNN model was constructed to establish the relationship between the position of the end effector, the posture of each link, and the positioning error of the end effector using a neural network approach. Moreover, a hybrid method was proposed to decrease the final estimated residual error. The average errors of the KEM and BPNN models were 35% and 15% of the original error, respectively. The hybrid model reduced the final average error to less than 10% of its original value.
The Database Generation for Planar 2-DOF Fractionated Multiple-Joint Kinematic Chains
Authors: Huang Peng , Liu Tingting , Ding Huafeng , Zhao Yuqian
Published: April 2024

According to the fractionation concept and whether containing a multiple-joint, planar kinematic chains (KCs) are primarily categorized as non-fractionated simple-joint kinematic chains (NFS-KCs), fractionated simple-joint kinematic chains (FS-KCs), non-fractionated multiple-joint kinematic chains (NFM-KCs), and fractionated multiple-joint kinematic chains (FM-KCs). Currently, there is a noticeable research gap on the enumeration of FM-KCs, whereas comprehensive investigations have been conducted on the enumeration of the other three types of KCs. Aiming at addressing this research gap, the present study develops a heuristic approach for enumerating all planar 2-DOF FM-KCs. To this end, the composition of 2-DOF FM-KCs is initially analyzed to acquire their two basic classifications. Then, utilizing the characteristic graph generation methods for NFM-KCs and NFS-KCs, the combined characteristic graph and its corresponding combined characteristic number string of a 2-DOF FM-KC are created for solving the isomorphic problem in enumeration procedure. Finally, all non-isomorphic 2-DOF FM-KCs with 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 links are enumerated, and the corresponding database is established.
A new species of Diplogyniopsis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Diplogyniidae) from Passalidae (Coleoptera) in China and Thailand
Authors: Sun Jing-Lan , Seeman Owen D. , Zhang Xin-Feng , Yi Tian-Ci , Guo Jian-Jun , Jin Dao-Chao
Published: April 2024

Diplogyniopsis fluctuosum sp. nov. associated with passalid beetles is described based on females from China on undermined passalid beetles, as well as on females and males from Thailand on Aceraius helferi (Coleoptera: Passalidae). The species represents the second known species of Diplogyniopsis Trägårdh, prompting us to redefine the genus diagnosis.
Supplemental Material: Ultrahigh-temperature crustal anatexis and final cratonization in Eastern Hebei, North China Craton: Insights from ca. 2.46 Ga Taipingzhai enderbites
Authors: Zhang Xi-Song , 翟 明国 , et al.
Published: April 2024

Table S1-S4: Mineral and whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the enderbite samples, as well as zircon trace element, U-Pb dating, and in-situ Hf-O isotope compositions of the enderbite samples. Table S5-S7: Thermodynamic modeling and geochemical modeling results of the enderbite samples.
A hard sphere model for single-file water transport across biological membranes
Authors: Manning Gerald S.
Published: April 2024

We use Gürsey’s statistical mechanics of a one-dimensional fluid to find a formula for the $$P_\textrm{f}/P_\textrm{d}$$

P
f

/

P
d

ratio in the transport of hard spheres across a membrane through a narrow channel that can accommodate molecular movement only in single file. $$P_\textrm{f}$$

P
f

is the membrane permeability for osmotic flow and $$P_\textrm{d}$$

P
d

the permeability for exchange across the membrane in the absence of osmotic flow. The deviation of the ratio from unity indicates the degree of cooperative transport relative to ordinary diffusion of independent molecules. In contrast to an early idea that $$P_\textrm{f}/P_\textrm{d}$$

P
f

/

P
d

must be equal to the number of molecules in the channel, regardless of the physical nature of the interactions among the molecules, we find a functional dependence on the fractional occupancy of the length of the channel by the hard spheres. We also attempt a random walk calculation for $$P_\textrm{d}$$

P
d

individually, which gives a result for $$P_\textrm{f}$$

P
f

as well when combined with the ratio.

Graphical Abstract

The convection/diffusion ratio for hard spheres in single-file transport
Graded perinormality
Authors: Klawa Hannah
Published: April 2024

An integral domain [Formula: see text] is perinormal if every local going-down overring is a localization of [Formula: see text] and globally perinormal if every going-down overring is a localization of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, I introduce notions of graded perinormal and graded globally perinormal domains and show that many results obtained for perinormal and globally perinormal domains have graded analogs. I also give some results for descent of properties between a graded domain and its [Formula: see text]th graded component.
Indicative meanings of geological sea-level indicators in the Solent region and Sussex coast (south coast of England) and implications for uplift rates
Authors: Briant Rebecca M. , Bates Martin R. , Robertson Jenni , Schwenninger Jean-Luc , Whittaker John E.
Published: April 2024

The Solent Region and Sussex coastal plain in southern England have preserved palaeo-sea-level indicators from multiple interglacial periods, with a particularly complete record of deposition throughout the last interglacial. However, as yet, none of the research on these indicators has fully addressed the relationship of the different types of deposits preserved to mean sea-level. In this paper we apply recent approaches to estimating past relative sea-levels based on applying modern analogues to understand the indicative meaning of these indicators. We also apply a synchronous correlation model previously developed on rapidly uplifting coastlines to assess uplift rates. The uplift rates required to match the elevations of sequences suggest a significant decrease in uplift rates between the Late Wolstonian Substage and Ipswichian Stage; that is, the
c.
240 and
c.
125 ka sea-level highstands, broadly equivalent to marine isotope stages (MIS) 7 and 5e. This coincides in time with the final opening of the Straits of Dover.

Supplementary material:
Fossil data from sites that have not previously been published are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7172532
Neotectonics on the Namuncurá (Burdwood) Bank: unveiling seafloor strike-slip processes along the North Scotia Ridge
Authors: Ormazabal J. P. , Principi S. , Palma F. I. , Bran D. M. , Isola J. I. , Esteban F. D. , Tassone A. A.
Published: April 2024

The North Scotia Ridge is the offshore morphostructural expression of the left-lateral transcurrent South America–Scotia plate boundary. Several blocks make up the ridge, including the scarcely studied Namuncurá Bank (also known as the Burdwood Bank). We present the first detailed study of active structures on the seafloor of the western Namuncurá Bank from a database of 3D and 2D seismic data, multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiles. This work assesses the architecture, style of deformation and Cenozoic evolution of Namuncurá Bank, where several groups of faults and en echelon folding affect the seabed and shallow sub-bottom. These features compound the northernmost structures associated with a releasing bend, fitting well with a left-lateral Riedel shear model oriented at N74°E, slightly rotated with respect to the present day plate boundary stress regime. The current tectonic scenario started with a main deformational phase in the Neogene, partially distributed by the Malvinas fold–thrust belt, while modern deformation continues to be conditioned by pre-existing structures. This study allows a better understanding of the tectonics of the North Scotia Ridge, a morphostructure that influences the circulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, thus impacting the global climate.
ATP-Dependent Steps in Peroxisomal Protein Import
Authors: Platta Harald W. , Jeske Julia , Schmidt Nadine , Erdmann Ralf
Published: April 2024

Peroxisomes are organelles that play a central role in lipid metabolism and cellular redox homeostasis. The import of peroxisomal matrix proteins by peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) receptors is an ATP-dependent mechanism. However, the energy-dependent steps do not occur early during the binding of the receptor–cargo complex to the membrane but late, because they are linked to the peroxisomal export complex for the release of the unloaded receptor. The first ATP-demanding step is the cysteine-dependent monoubiquitination of the PTS receptors, which is required for recognition by the AAA+ peroxins. They execute the second ATP-dependent step by extracting the ubiqitinated PTS receptors from the membrane for release back to the cytosol. After deubiquitination, the PTS receptors regain import competence and can facilitate further rounds of cargo import. Here, we give a general overview and discuss recent data regarding the ATP-dependent steps in peroxisome protein import.
Tirbanibulin 1% Ointment Effectiveness for Actinic Keratosis Treatment Evaluated by Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Cantisani C. , Musolff N. , Azzella G. , Gargano L. , Di Guardo A. , Longo C. , Guida S. , Rossi G. , Rovaldi E. , Rega F. , Cocci Grifoni G. , Kiss N. , Ambrosio L. , Pellacani G.
Published: April 2024

Background. Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common premalignant skin condition. Its diagnosis is based on a clinical and sometimes dermoscopic examination, but, in some situations, a skin biopsy may be necessary. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) can often bypass this need, by noninvasive evaluation of skin morphology. Early and effective treatment of AKs is important to prevent the progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (iSCC). Tirbanibulin 1% ointment, a new topical field therapy for AKs, has recently been introduced. Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirbanibulin 1% ointment for the field treatment of nonhyperkeratotic, nonhypertrophic AKs (Olsen grade 1) on the face and/or scalp in adults, using D‐OCT technology. Methods. Patients, presenting multiple, mild to moderate AKs on the face and scalp, in treatment with tirbanibulin 1% ointment for five consecutive days of an area measuring 25 cm2, were evaluated with videodermoscopy (V‐track Vidix 4.0) and D‐OCT (VivoSight Dx, Michelson Diagnostics Ltd., Kent, England, United Kingdom), as normal clinical practice. The lesions were staged according to the Olsen classification, excluding the most aggressive lesions. Results. We retrospectively evaluated 50 patients (27 males and 23 females, mean age 76 ± 7.9 years). At 57 days posttreatment, the complete clearance rate was 68% (n = 34) and partial clearance rate was 76% (n = 38). D‐OCT showed markedly improved morphology, including a better recognizable dermal‐epidermal junction (DEJ), associated with reduced inflammation. The most common adverse events reported were erythema and scaling, which were mostly mild and self‐limiting. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that tirbanibulin may be considered an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for nonhyperkeratotic, nonhypertrophic AKs. It showed a favorable safety profile, with mostly mild adverse events. D‐OCT can be considered a useful tool for personalizing AK treatment and monitoring.
Different Responses of Histology, Antioxidant, and Inflammation in Gill and Kidney of Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco under Three Dietary Fat Levels
Authors: Jiang Jiali , Zhu Yu , Lian Yuanhang , Chen Jun , Zhuo Meiqin
Published: April 2024

This experiment investigated the influences of different dietary fat levels on histology, oxidative status, and immune response in gill and kidney of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Three diets with different fat levels of 63.1 g/kg (low‐fat, LF), 93.3 g/kg (medium‐fat, MF), and 153.2 g/kg (high‐fat, HF) were prepared to feed yellow catfish. The experiment continued for 56 days, and at the end of the experiment, gill and kidney tissues were sampled. As a result, both gill and kidney showed different degrees of tissue damage in HF group in terms of histology observation. HF increased the malondialdehyde content in gill but showed no effect on kidney, indicating that gill is more susceptible to injury than kidney under high‐energy intake conditions. Additionally, HF diet significantly increased the activities of total‐superoxide dismutase and catalase to eliminate excess peroxides both in gill and kidney. Moreover, HF diet significantly upregulated the expressions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (il6 and tnfα) and downregulated the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (il10), indicating that HF‐diet‐induced inflammatory response both in gill and kidney. These findings reveal the potential regulatory approach for fish gill and kidney health by dietary fat level, which will help to understand the adverse impacts of dietary lipid imbalance on the health of fish.
Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Release Characteristics of Key Components in Electrically Heated Tobacco Products
Authors: Zhang Bo , Xiao Lingjun , Huang Jiejie , Wang Zhiguo , Gao Naiping , Du Wen , Kong Bo , Sun Zhiwei , Huang Ping , Ren Jianxin , Li Bin , Gao Yihan
Published: April 2024

Electrically heated tobacco products (EHTPs) could release effective aerosol components from tobacco materials at relatively low temperatures without a burning phenomenon. It is essential to grasp the temperature distribution and release mechanism of key components in heated tobacco materials. The existing experimental studies have provided initial insights into the thermodynamic behavior of tobacco materials under various conditions. However, current numerical models are still in their early stages of development, with the majority failing to correlate heat transfer with component release. Based on this, a coupled numerical model of gas flow, heat transfer, and the release of key components in the electrically heated tobacco product is established in this study, which exhibits improvements in revealing the internal heat and mass transfer characteristics in the porous media of tobacco and is capable of evaluating the influence of component contents and product design parameters. The release rates of water, glycerol, and nicotine components are quantitatively described by the first‐order Arrhenius formula, and the transport of heat and gas flow is simulated using the Navier‐Stokes equation. The accuracy of the model is validated through experiments, including temperature monitoring at multiple measurement points and determination of residual contents in the tobacco substrate after each puff. The simulation results suggest that an appropriate component ratio and tobacco filler mass can enhance both the release amount and release efficiency of key components, and reducing either the diameter or length of the tobacco section can help to improve the heat transfer performance. A slower heating rate matched with longer preheating times enables the complementary release of water and glycerol components, which helps to regulate the uniformity of component content in the aerosol to some extent. This study helps to provide suggestions for the design and optimization of electrically heated tobacco products.
Table S2 from Fibroblasts in the Aged Pancreas Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Authors: Zabransky Daniel J. , Chhabra Yash , Fane Mitchell E. , Kartalia Emma , Leatherman James M. , Hüser Laura , Zimmerman Jacquelyn W. , Delitto Daniel , Han Song , Armstrong Todd D. , Charmsaz Soren , Guinn Samantha , Pramod Sneha , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hughes Steven J. , O'Connell Jennifer , Egan Josephine M. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Weeraratna Ashani T.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table 2
Figure S4 from Fibroblasts in the Aged Pancreas Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Authors: Zabransky Daniel J. , Chhabra Yash , Fane Mitchell E. , Kartalia Emma , Leatherman James M. , Hüser Laura , Zimmerman Jacquelyn W. , Delitto Daniel , Han Song , Armstrong Todd D. , Charmsaz Soren , Guinn Samantha , Pramod Sneha , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hughes Steven J. , O'Connell Jennifer , Egan Josephine M. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Weeraratna Ashani T.
Published: April 2024

Figure S4
Table S2 from Breast Cancer Stem Cells Secrete MIF to Mediate Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming That Drives Immune Evasion
Authors: Yan Linlin , Wu Mingming , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Tao , Pandey Vijay , Han Xinghua , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2024

Table S2 Lists antibodies used in western blot, immunofluorescence and Flow cytometry.
Table S1 from Breast Cancer Stem Cells Secrete MIF to Mediate Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming That Drives Immune Evasion
Authors: Yan Linlin , Wu Mingming , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Tao , Pandey Vijay , Han Xinghua , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2024

Table S1 shows the sequences of sgRNAs, shRNAs and primers for cloning and qRT-PCR analysis.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Breast Cancer Stem Cells Secrete MIF to Mediate Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming That Drives Immune Evasion
Authors: Yan Linlin , Wu Mingming , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Tao , Pandey Vijay , Han Xinghua , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S6 shows that BCSCs regulate cancer cell metabolic reprogramming through ALDOC.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Breast Cancer Stem Cells Secrete MIF to Mediate Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming That Drives Immune Evasion
Authors: Yan Linlin , Wu Mingming , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Tao , Pandey Vijay , Han Xinghua , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S1 shows that CoCl2 CM enhances breast cancer glycolysis.
Supplementary Table S3 from TFE3-Splicing Factor Fusions Represent Functional Drivers and Druggable Targets in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Damayanti Nur P. , Cordova Ricardo A. , Rupert Christopher , Delle Fontane Ilaria , Shen Li , Orsi Sabrina , Klunk Angela J. , Linehan W. Marston , Staschke Kirk A. , Hollenhorst Peter C. , Heppner David E. , Pili Roberto
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table S3
Supplementary Figure S4 from TFE3-Splicing Factor Fusions Represent Functional Drivers and Druggable Targets in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Damayanti Nur P. , Cordova Ricardo A. , Rupert Christopher , Delle Fontane Ilaria , Shen Li , Orsi Sabrina , Klunk Angela J. , Linehan W. Marston , Staschke Kirk A. , Hollenhorst Peter C. , Heppner David E. , Pili Roberto
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S4
Supplementary Figure S2 from TFE3-Splicing Factor Fusions Represent Functional Drivers and Druggable Targets in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Damayanti Nur P. , Cordova Ricardo A. , Rupert Christopher , Delle Fontane Ilaria , Shen Li , Orsi Sabrina , Klunk Angela J. , Linehan W. Marston , Staschke Kirk A. , Hollenhorst Peter C. , Heppner David E. , Pili Roberto
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S2
Supplementary Figure S18 from TFE3-Splicing Factor Fusions Represent Functional Drivers and Druggable Targets in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Damayanti Nur P. , Cordova Ricardo A. , Rupert Christopher , Delle Fontane Ilaria , Shen Li , Orsi Sabrina , Klunk Angela J. , Linehan W. Marston , Staschke Kirk A. , Hollenhorst Peter C. , Heppner David E. , Pili Roberto
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure S18
Supplementary Data Figure S9 from KDM5C-Mediated Recruitment of BRD4 to Chromatin Regulates Enhancer Activation and BET Inhibitor Sensitivity
Authors: Qiang Yulong , Fan Jiachen , Xie Chuanshuai , Yan Leilei , Song Xiaofei , Zhang Nan , Lin Yan , Xiong Jie , Zhang Wei , Liu Yu , Wei Lei , Li Yu , Chen Shizhen , Liang Kaiwei , Li Feng
Published: April 2024

PROTAC drugs compound 3b degrades KDM5C in multiples cell lines and promotes BRD4 chromatin dissociation.
Table S2 from Th17 Cells Secrete TWEAK to Trigger Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xin , Yang Qingxia , Luo Li , Liu Ziqin , Ren Xiaoxue , Lei Kai , Li Shangru , Xie Zonglin , Zheng Gaomin , Zhang Yifan , Hao Yijie , Zhou Qianying , Hou Yingdong , Fang Fei , Song Wu , Cui Ji , Ma Jinping , Xie Wenxuan , Shen Shunli , Tang Ce , Peng Sui , Yu Jun , Kuang Ming , Song Xinming , Wang Fang , Xu Lixia
Published: April 2024

Table S2. CD45+ and CD45- cell numbers of each sample from CRLM patients
Figure S7 from Th17 Cells Secrete TWEAK to Trigger Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xin , Yang Qingxia , Luo Li , Liu Ziqin , Ren Xiaoxue , Lei Kai , Li Shangru , Xie Zonglin , Zheng Gaomin , Zhang Yifan , Hao Yijie , Zhou Qianying , Hou Yingdong , Fang Fei , Song Wu , Cui Ji , Ma Jinping , Xie Wenxuan , Shen Shunli , Tang Ce , Peng Sui , Yu Jun , Kuang Ming , Song Xinming , Wang Fang , Xu Lixia
Published: April 2024

Figure S7. TWEAK+ Th17 cells are associated with the development of CRLM.
Supplementary Data Figure S10 from KDM5C-Mediated Recruitment of BRD4 to Chromatin Regulates Enhancer Activation and BET Inhibitor Sensitivity
Authors: Qiang Yulong , Fan Jiachen , Xie Chuanshuai , Yan Leilei , Song Xiaofei , Zhang Nan , Lin Yan , Xiong Jie , Zhang Wei , Liu Yu , Wei Lei , Li Yu , Chen Shizhen , Liang Kaiwei , Li Feng
Published: April 2024

Compound 3b treatment enhance BETi efficacy and exhibits negligible tissue toxicity.
Figure S8 from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: April 2024

Changes in chromatin accessibility in HCC827 and PC9 cells upon ASCL1 expression. Global changes in chromatin accessibility in mutant EGFR lung cancer cell lines following ASCL1 overexpression and osimertinib treatment.
Figure S6 from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: April 2024

ASCL1 overexpression does not affect PC9 or H1975 cells. Drug response data in two additional lung cancer cell lines overexpressing ASCL1.
Figure S4 from ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts
Authors: Hu Bomiao , Wiesehöfer Marc , de Miguel Fernando J. , Liu Zongzhi , Chan Lok-Hei , Choi Jungmin , Melnick Mary Ann , Arnal Estape Anna , Walther Zenta , Zhao Dejian , Lopez-Giraldez Francesc , Wurtz Anna , Cai Guoping , Fan Rong , Gettinger Scott , Xiao Andrew , Yan Qin , Homer Robert , Nguyen Don X. , Politi Katerina
Published: April 2024

Expression of signature genes in residual disease in PDXs.
Table S2 from Cotargeting CDK4/6 and BRD4 Promotes Senescence and Ferroptosis Sensitivity in Cancer
Authors: Zhu Xianbing , Fu Zheng , Dutchak Kendall , Arabzadeh Azadeh , Milette Simon , Steinberger Jutta , Morin Geneviève , Monast Anie , Pilon Virginie , Kong Tim , Adams Bianca N. , Prando Munhoz Erika , Hosein Hannah J.B. , Fang Tianxu , Su Jing , Xue Yibo , Rayes Roni , Sangwan Veena , Walsh Logan A. , Chen Guojun , Quail Daniela F. , Spicer Jonathan D. , Park Morag , Dankort David , Huang Sidong
Published: April 2024

List of NSCLC cell lines with corresponding BRD4 mRNA levels and IC50 values for palbociclib.
Table S1 from Cotargeting CDK4/6 and BRD4 Promotes Senescence and Ferroptosis Sensitivity in Cancer
Authors: Zhu Xianbing , Fu Zheng , Dutchak Kendall , Arabzadeh Azadeh , Milette Simon , Steinberger Jutta , Morin Geneviève , Monast Anie , Pilon Virginie , Kong Tim , Adams Bianca N. , Prando Munhoz Erika , Hosein Hannah J.B. , Fang Tianxu , Su Jing , Xue Yibo , Rayes Roni , Sangwan Veena , Walsh Logan A. , Chen Guojun , Quail Daniela F. , Spicer Jonathan D. , Park Morag , Dankort David , Huang Sidong
Published: April 2024

List of top candidates identified from the cDNA screen.