bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Economical Efficiency of Renewable Energy Power Plants: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: lo Storto Corrado , Ferruzzi Gabriella
Published: September 2013

This paper implements Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate an efficiency measure index of 21 energy power plants that use different technologies, including both renewable and conventional types. Super-efficiency measurements are used to generate a ranking of plants based on their efficiency score that can be used to select among alternatives. It is also showed how DEA can also be adopted to estimate the amount of financial subsidies necessary to make a renewable energy plant as efficient as a conventional energy plant, by calculating the extent to which inefficient power plants over-utilize specific inputs or under-produce outputs.
Benefit Evaluation Model of Multi-Mode Power Exchange
Authors: Dong An You , Tan Zhong Fu , Ju Li Wei , Chen Zhi Hong , Xin He
Published: September 2013

To relieve the pressure of the energy reservation and emission reduction, and to enhance the effect of the economy and environment profits, the report establishes an evaluating model based on the value of coal saving and the pollutant emission reduction value and the count of the electricity sale-purchase increment, which is various and cross-field. Through the model, the report evaluates the 4 cross-field projects by comparing the single coal-fired power transaction with the various, and analyses the outcome of the transaction in terms of the economy and environment. Finally coming to the conclusion, more economy and environment profits will be achieved when various power generation methods are used in power generation exchange.
An Engineering Method of Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic
Authors: Luo Ping , Lv Xia Fu
Published: September 2013

Photovoltaic (PV) system is one kind of important renewable energy source, the model of the PV is the most important component that affects the accuracy of simulation and control. An engineering method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic is presented in this paper, the model need only some parameters that provide by the PV manufacture, it has a better commonality and it is simple and practicable.
Battery Management System Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Li Xu Jun , Liu Da , Yan Rui , Gong Yue Qiu , Pan Yong
Published: September 2013

A battery management system (BMS) is described along with important features for protecting and optimizing the performance of large 18650 lithium power battery packs. Of particular interest is the selection of many cells, that is, according to the system needs to choose healthy cells into the system to run. In order to shorten the cycle of research, the paper proposed a BMS based on virtual instrument (VI) data acquisition system. It can monitor parameters such as monomer voltage, total voltage, current, temperature, estimating state of charge (SOC) etc, and it also can control switch when a parameter exceeds the allowed range, the corresponding monomer cell will be automatically cut off the switch and alarm. Experimental results are included for a pack of seven 2.2 Ah (amp-hour) 18650 lithium power cells. It can monitor the status of the lithium-ion battery pack according to the security metrics of 18650 power lithium cells. It can control other types of power batteries by means of modified index.
Computational Fluids Dynamics Performances Analysis of Ramie-Albizia Composited for Wind Turbine Rotor
Authors: Sudarsono Sudarsono , Wanto Pur , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi
Published: September 2013

Computational Fluids Dynamics was performed to simulate the performance of torque and output power of wind turbine. Propeller of wind turbine is made by sandwich composite. The composite is combination of ramie fiber with Albizia wood as a core. FLUENT is used to perform simulation of propeller at different wind speeds. The wind speeds ranges from 3 to 5 m/s at coastal area of Kwaru, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Spallart-Almaras method uses to simulate the torque and power output at different Reynold Number. The simulation result shows that the torque of rotor ranges from 25 to 75 Nm, power outputs range from 50 to 240 W and power output coefficients are lay between 0.35 to 0.40 for wind speed from 3 to 5 m/s which is typical in coastal area of Indonesia.
Utilizing of In Situ Combustion Process in Xinjiang Oil Field through Analysis of Produced Fluids
Authors: Zhang Jia Ming , Wu Xiao Dong , Li Shu Dong , Zhang Jia , Zhang Han Han , Qi Bei Lin , Zhong Zi Yao
Published: September 2013

The tests of domestic In-Situ Combustion began in 1960s, with smaller and slower development. The technology has been further developed in recent years. There are five pilot projects, which increase more than 60,000 tons of crude oil. X block of Xinjiang Oil Field has been ignited since December of 2009. With the development of the In-situ Combustion technology, the use of analysis of produced fluids is very necessary, which provide theoretical basis for the commencement of the next steps. We can draw conclusion through the analysis of produced fluids: the success of ignition; the adequacy of combustion; reactions at high temperature or low temperature; the forward direction and location of fire front. Analysis of produced fluids for Xinjiang Oil Field determine clearly the ignition is successful and the way forward of the fire-drive front.
Feasibility Analysis of Fractured-Horizontal Well Development in HuaQing Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Mo Shao Yuan , He Shun Li , Wang Shuai , Zhang Hai Yong , Chang Li Jing , Lei Gang
Published: September 2013

Fractured-horizontal well can effectively reduce the percolation resistance near wellbore, improve the fluid mobility and enhance the production. However, in Chang 6 ultra-low permeability reservoir, BaiBao block, HuaQing oilfield, the efficiency of fractured-horizontal well is highly poor due to the production swiftly down and water cut sharply up. For studying the unsatisfying oil development by fractured-horizontal well in HuaQing oil field, the evaluation of reservoir properties and the option of stratum for fractured-horizontal well application have been performed based on the practical geological model of BaiBao block in HuaQing oil field. The numerical simulation is used to study the effect of reservoir permeability, Thickness and Aeolotropism on the production and to optimize the horizontal length, fracture spacing, half length and conductivity. The conclusion shows that Chang 63 stratum is qualified for fractured-horizontal well application. Through the practical geological model, the optimizations of horizontal length range, fracture spacing, half length and conductivity are 800m to 1200m, 77m, 150m, and 15μm2cm, respectively. The results can be conducted for fractured-horizontal well application in HuaQing oil field.
The Geochemical Characteristics of Constant Elements of Red Mudstones in the Lower Part of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Depression
Authors: Liu Li’an , Zhu Nian Hong
Published: September 2013

The statistical analysis of constant elements of red mudstones in the lower part of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation (S4) in Dongying Depression shows that the red mudstones in the lower S4 of Dongying Depression can be classified into three major types based on the characteristics of their constant elements, which is closely relevant to the sedimentary structures of red mudstones. Among the three types of red mudstones, two types originate from one single source area while the other type embraces the characteristics of multi-sources.
Application of Absorption and Attenuation Analysis Based on Pre-Stack Seismic Data: Su-77 Block Gas Field Example
Authors: Cao Tong , Guo Shao Bin
Published: September 2013

Most hydrocarbon absorption attenuation studies are based on poststack seismic data processing but, because of multiple stacks at full angle, poststack data will lose some lithology and hydrocarbon-bearing capacity information. To overcome this disadvantage, a prestack angle-domain absorption attenuation analysis technique can be performed for seismic data stacked at various angles to obtain angle-domain-dependent absorption profiles. The absorption anomaly reflects the gas-bearing reservoir and also decreases as the angle increases. Actual data from the Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin, have been processed, and the hydrocarbon predictions match very well with actual drilling results, validating the method's effectiveness.
Decline Curves of a Vertical Well in Stress-Sensitive Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Zhang , He Shun Li , Zhang Hai Yong , Mo Shao Yuan , Li Shuai
Published: September 2013

Stress-sensitivity effects have been recognized to have impact on the pressure/rate transient behavior of wells in several reservoirs. Although the effects of stress-sensitivity have been considered in well testing theory in the past thirty years, little has been done to determine their influence on rate decline behavior. This paper presents a single phase flow model considering stress-sensitive formation permeability to investigate the characteristic of production rate decline of a vertical well. The stress-sensitive permeability is considered as an exponential form. The permeability changes with pressure drop are described by a permeability modulus. By introducing two pseudo functions, the equations of the mathematical model are linearized and approximate semi-analytical solutions are obtained. The analytical solutions are carefully verified through numerical simulation. Two sets of new decline type curves are diagramed on a log-log plot for constant rate case and constant bottomhole pressure case respectively. The influence of stress-sensitive permeability on decline curves are analyzed and compared. From this work, we recognized that the rate decline characteristics of stress-sensitive reservoir under constant rate and constant bottomhole producing condition are different. New analysis method should be developed to analyze field variable rate/variable pressure drop data.
Research on Types of Oil Reservoirs and Character of Oil-Water Distribution in Heidimiao Layer
Authors: Lv Gui You
Published: September 2013

This paper takes Yingtai area which is located in the south of Qijia-Gulong sag and part of central sag area in the north of the Songliao Basin as the research area. Then combining all information of core, logging, three-dimensional seism and well testing data, it studies the reservoir type and oil-water distribution characteristics of Heidimiao by analyzing the comparison charts of sandstone, profile map of reservoir, T07 structure diagram, well testing data, stratum thickness, sandstone thickness, ratio of sandstone thickness to stratum thickness, porosity values, permeability contour maps. The reservoir lithology of Heidimiao oil layer is siltstone-oriented with poor physical property. The main controlling factor of oil-water distribution is the lithology, followed by the structure. Heidimiao oil layer mainly includes three types, lithological oil reservoir, lithological - structural oil reservoir and structural oil reservoir, among which lithological reservoir plays a dominant role. Its oil-water distribution is characterized by the pattern of upper-water and bottom-oil; when the fault acts as the pathway for the longitudinal migration of oil and gas, the pattern changes to the upper-oil and bottom-water. This research could provide reliable geological basis for the research of old well re-examination, favorable area evaluation and horizontal well drilling design.
Applicability of Classical Permeability Estimation Models Based on NMR Logging in Tight Sandstones
Authors: Wei Deng Feng , Liu Xiao Peng , Hu Xiao Xin
Published: September 2013

Permeability cannot be directly predicted from porosity by using a single function in tight sandstones reservoirs due to the extreme heterogeneity. The hydraulic flow unit (HFU) approach and classification scale method (CSM) are available in permeability prediction, while they are all significant time-consuming. In this paper, based on the analysis of the proposed data sets of lab NMR experimental measurements by Xiao et al. (2012; 2013), the applicability of the classical SDR (Schlumberger Doll Research) and Timur-Coates models, which are used to estimate permeability from NMR logging is analyzed. A field example shows that the Timur-Coates model is valuable in tight sandstone permeability estimation once the involved input parameter of irreducible water saturation (Swi) can be accurately calculated without acquiring T2cutoff. While the SDR model is not available because the effects of hydrocarbon to NMR spectra cannot be removed.
Application of Wavelet Transform in High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Division
Authors: Ji Da Wei , Li Ji , Lu Guang Dong
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the method and effect of logging curves wavelet transform in high-resolution sequence division are discussed, taking the middle oil sequence stratigraphic of DU-432 oil well in north-Songliao basin as an example. Using Wavelet Transform to GR logging curves, the relationship between logging curve signals and depth is transformed to the relationship between the depth and the scale domain, so that the wavelet curves in different scale are obtained. Then the relationship between the periodic oscillation characteristics of the wavelet curves under the best optimal scale factor and the sequence. Comparing the Sequence Stratigraphic Division by wavelet transform with the manual division, Results show that the Division by Sequence Stratigraphic wavelet transform is more objective and more effective and the Division provides a new way to high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.
Prediction of the Magneto-Resistance of La0.65Ca0.35MnO3 and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 via Temperature and Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhu Ning , Liu Ya Jie
Published: September 2013

The resistance associated with temperature and magnetic field is a crucial parameter in researching the physical properties of the Perovskite-type manganites. To find out a suitable method to predicting the resistance of La0.65Ca0.35MnO3 and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 in the process from paramagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase via the temperature and the magnetic field was the aim of this paper. By the nonlinear fitting, an appreciated analytic expression showing the temperature-dependence resistance both less or higher than the metal-insulator transition temperature,Tc, at different magnetic field was put forward. All of the nonlinear fitting between the measured and the calculated data were so satisfied that the minimum correlation coefficient is below 0.9997, the average relative errors do not exceed 1.0%.
Environmental Impact Assessment for Zhonghang Housing Development in Huidong County of Guangdong
Authors: Yang Jian She , Zhong Xiao Hua
Published: September 2013

According to the Zhonghang construction project characteristics in Huidong county of Guangdong, the possible effects of pollution occurred in the development project construction period and the operation period have been respectively elaborated here. The dust occurred on construction period, waste water pollution of the operation period, and the adverse effects schemehis have been analyzed in the paper. Some concrete measurements for Zhonghang in satisfy human living project been put out.
An Assessment of Comfort Levels of Buildings with Shaded and Non-Shaded Windows in Warm Humid Climates
Authors: Odim Odim O.
Published: September 2013

Thermal comfort problems experienced in buildings in warm humid climates has been a major concern for designers in the environmental design specialty especially in Nigeria and other developing countries. This paper through controlled experiments studies the effect of window shading on indoor comfort levels of buildings exposed to warm humid climates. Experimental model buildings with shaded and non-shaded windows were constructed for this purpose. Comfort data were obtained from the buildings and meteorological stations including comfort parametric ranges. The data were analyzed with statistical tools involving the central tendency and dispersion. Hypotheses were tested. Results showed that window shading has significant effect on the comfort level of buildings and consequently energy usage.
Study on Sedimentary Characteristics of Zhang Jia Po Group, Gushi Hollow of Weihe Basin
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Jian Chao , Wang Xing Yun , Bai Jian Feng
Published: September 2013

Through the paleontology, lithology combination data,For Weihe basin Gushi hollow Tertiary the Zhangjiapo group unified hierarchical total divided into seven sections. According to coring, logging data to study the rock types and sedimentary structure,Summed up the logging of various sedimentary microfacies facies, clear in the study area is a shallow lake - a deeper lake - deep lake - deeper lake - shallow lake cyclic sedimentation.For single well facies analysis of typical wells in the region, the establishment of even well profile, determine the small layer of sedimentary facies the planar distribution concluded sedimentary facies model.
Influence of Curing Condition and Clay Content on Strength of Geopolymer Soils
Authors: Hyugmoon Kwon , Min Huynh Hoang , van Chanh Nguyen , Tuan Le Anh
Published: September 2013

Soil is known as green material with low carbon dioxide production emissions in comparison with another building material. In this research, soil combined to activator alkaline to produce hardening materials as eco-friendly to the environment. The alkaline with sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash are used. Curing temperature ranging from 80, to 140 degrees Celsius and curing time from 4 to 10 hours are investigated. The results show the strength of geopolymer soil is depended on curing time, temperature and sodium hydroxide-sodium silicate ratio. On the influence of clay content, soil is replaced by sand ranging from 20 to 80%, shows suitable clay which is from 4.79-12.43% by weight.
Preparation of Liquid Ferrate and the Optimization of Process Parameters
Authors: Sun Xu Hui , Wang Lei , Li Wen Chao , Tuo Wan Quan
Published: September 2013

Ferrate is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant that has been proposed for use in drinking water treatment for more than a decade. The main obstacles in the application are costs and stability. In water treatment, using wet oxidation method to prepare liquid ferrate can save production costs. Saturated ferric nitrate solution can get higher efficiency and productivity to generate ferrate. Water quality has no obvious effect on the productivity of ferrate. The optimum alkaline concentration is 10-13 mol/L. The reaction time and temperature affect the quality of liquid ferrate product. The larger the mole ratio of sodium hypochlorite to ferric nitrate is, the greater the productivity of ferrate is. The proportion of sodium hypochlorite to ferric nitrate should be adjusted appropriately.
Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposite with Poly(vinylpyrollidone) and Poly(4-vinylpyridine) for Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Parashar Pratima
Published: September 2013

Dispersing silver nanoparticles homogeneously into a polymer matrix by ex situ methods is difficult because of the easy agglomeration of nanoparticles. Therefore, convenient and effective ways of preparing Ag nanoparticles in polymer materials are still in strong demand. Vacuum deposited thin discontinuous silver films on the composite of Poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly (4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) is an in situ and eco friendly method. Films on softened PVP give rise to a very high room temperature resistance approaching that of the substrate resistance indicating non uniform formation of silver clusters. On the other hand, films on softened P4VP gives rise to a room temperature resistance in the range of a few tens to a few hundred MW/, which is desirable for device applications due adequate size and uniform dispersal of silver clusters in P4VP. Silver films on PVP/P4VP blend show room temperature resistances in the desirable range indicating uniform subsurface formation of silver films on PVP/P4VP. The Electrical, optical and plasmonic response of Ag NP onto thin layers of PVP/P4VP shows encapsulation of nanoparticles. Silver nanocomposite film exhibits characteristic UV absorbance spectrum at a wavelength of 430 nm, due to the surface plasmon resonance of nanosized silver. Silver ions being bioactive killed bacteria on infected wounds on living tissue and led physician to use wound dressing containing silver sulfadiazine and Ag NP to treat external infections. Silver lining food helps in treating various remedies and ailments.
An Investigation into Microstructures and Properties of 7075-T6 during Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Wu Wei , Chen Da Jun
Published: September 2013

Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 4mm7075-T6 aluminum alloy were investigated in this paper. The microstructures in WAZ,TMAZ and HAZ were analyzed. The results show that with the rotating speed at 1500 rpm and welding speed at 60mm/min, a defect-free welding joint was obtained. The tensile strength was 362 MPa, which is 65% of base metals; Weld nugget is composed of equiaxed grains; The lowest hardness between the TMAZ and HAZ of advancing side. The fractography revealed that samples failed in ductile mode and the strain fracture appears in advancing side of weld zone.
Crystallographic and Electrochemical Performances of La0.73Ce0.27Ni3.25+xMn0.35Al0.15Cu0.75Fe0.25 (x = 0-0.75) Hydrogen Storage Alloys
Authors: Zhou Yu , Peng Xian Yun , Ji Li Qiang , Fan Yan Ping
Published: September 2013

Microstructuresand electrochemical properties of La0.73Ce0.27Ni3.25+xMn0.35Al0.15Cu0.75Fe0.25 alloys are investigated. XRD results indicate that all alloys are identified with LaNi5 phase with CaCu5 type hexagonal structure, and lattice parameter a, c and cell volume V decrease with increasing x value. Maximum discharge capacity first increases from 286.4 mAh/g (x = 0) to 313.2 mAh/g (x = 0.25), and then decreases to 308.9 mAh/g (x = 0.75). High-rate dischargeability of the alloy electrodes increases when x increases from 0 to 0.75. HRD1200 increases with the increase in the I0 and D, and shows a linear relationship with the I0 and D.
Experimental Research on Solidification Characteristics of Spherical Capsule Packed Bed Latent Heat Storage System
Authors: Zhao Yu Ju , Pei Ji Hong , Cui Hai Ting
Published: September 2013

A thermal energy storage unit laboratory with solar heat sources being designed and constructed. The spherical capsules which filled in phase change material (PCM) were put into the unit. Many groups' experiment schemes was designed and the discharging experiment is done, different import temperature and flow rate of HTF were experimented repeatedly, the effects of inlet fluid temperature and flow rate of HTF on the performance of the storage unit was analyzed. The experimental result shows that, with the import temperature and flow rate of HTF increased, the time finishes discharging reducing constantly, the efficiency of thermal energy storage is improved. The results offer the reference basis for design, optimization, and appreciation of the TES unit.The test data was compared with simulation data,the simulated results and experimental results agree well with the experimental results.
Research on Application of a Multiple DC/DC Converter in Photovoltaic Power Generation System
Authors: Zhang Hong Bing
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system efficiency and electrical performance, the multiple DC/DC converter technology is introduced into the photovoltaic MPPT system. And a novel control strategy is proposed, which make the multiple DC/DC converter can change operating mode according to the ambient light intensity, to achieve a more flexible and effective photovoltaic MPPT control. The working process and implementation of the new photovoltaic MPPT system with multiple DC/DC converters was analyzed, and the experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility of superiority and the proposed system solutions.
Research and Design of Centralized Control System for Optimizing Microgrids with Renewable Energy Power Generation
Authors: Niu Huan Na , Yang Ming Hao , Luo Xi
Published: September 2013

The exploitation and utilization of renewable energy, construction of sustainable energy system has gradually become the consensus of the international community, the research of microgrid technology with solar, wind and other renewable energy generation is becoming more and more deeply. According to the needs of the development of microgrid technology, in this paper a better functional architecture system of centralized control system for optimizing microgrids with new energy power generation system is proposed. First, according to the layered and distributed idea, a system of physical architecture which can run in the situations of both coordination control and self-control is designed, the system is mainly divided into physical components layer and the central station layer; and then the paper proposes the functional architecture system, it describes all the function modules and their interactions. Finally emphatically introduces the real-time security and stability control, energy optimization scheduling and other function modules which can improve the utilization ratio of renewable energy. The research of this system will play an important role in improving the absorption capacity of renewable energy; reducing fossil energy consumption and environment pollution.
Preparation of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil by Ultrasound-Assisted Transesterification
Authors: Bi Yong Guang , He Hong Chang
Published: September 2013

Ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid ester exchange Preparation of biodiesel, effects of alcohol to oil ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature, the amount of ionic liquid and ultrasonic power factors on the rate of transesterification. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid soybean oil catalyzed preparation of biodiesel process: ultrasonic power 280W, alcohol-oil ratio of 10:1, 10% of the amount of catalyst is the quality of the raw oil, the reaction temperature of 100 ° C, reaction time 50min, biodiesel yield up to 92.5%.
Effect of Diagonal Layout on Efficiency of Twin Vertical Axis Turbine
Authors: Sun Ke , Syed Shah Khalid , Zhang Liang , Ghazala Sahib
Published: September 2013

Vertical axis turbine is one of the tools used to extract tidal current energy. The purpose of this study is to show the effect of diagonal layout on the efficiency of vertical axis tidal turbine (VATT), using commercial software ANSYS CFX. For this purpose the angle between the incoming current flows is varied while the distance between the turbines is kept constant. The layout is observed at an angle of 200, 300, 450, 600and 900. From study we observed that when the twin turbines are at angle of 900to the incoming flow, the turbines have maximum efficiency.
The Structure Design Techniques of the Embedded Piezoelectric Power Generating Device in Intelligent Building
Authors: Li Wang
Published: September 2013

Directly scavenging vibration energy from ambient environment to power terminal micro sensors in intelligent building is a rising way to face the energy supply problem. The four distinct advantages of embedded piezoelectric harvester as an appropriate power supplier of the terminal sensors are introduced. The structure designing techniques include mode and geometry design, frequency shift methods, real power-density are analyzed. The 31 mode type harvester with PZT material and cross-distributing structure are highly recommended.
Smart Lights Technology Used in Library Energy-Saving
Authors: Zheng Rong Mao , Liu Gui Xiong , Xu Yue Hua
Published: September 2013

Government attaches great importance to energy saving issue has caused. Library as densely populated public places, its energy consumption is 5 to 15 times the average residential. Many factors involved in libraries energy saving, such as air-conditioning systems, lighting systems and other electrical systems. The library has great potential for energy saving. This paper studies how to apply the smart lights technology in the library energy-saving. Based on the analysis of existing library monitoring system, we propose a possible smart lights method which will be used in the library energy-saving. Effective methods and strategies of smart light energy-saving were researched. Smart LED lights and wisdom lamp holders, hardware and software are designed and implemented which was used in the library energy-saving. The smart LED lights were used in library study room lighting reconstruction. Practice shows that the energy-saving of new lighting system effective. Theoretically for the new technology could bring more than 30% of the energy-saving effect.
Exploratory Study on Correct use of Air-Conditioning System for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction
Authors: Lei Xia , Jin Bao Ping , Han Guo Jun
Published: September 2013

Accompanying the development of the social economy, air conditioning systems have been extensively used in the scientific research, production, commerce and daily life. At the same time, the energy consumption of the air conditioning system continuously increases, and the costing of the air conditioning system users rises. The air conditioning systems have become the primary producers of the environment pollution. According to the using process and result analysis of the air conditioning system equipments, this thesis explores the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. The main purpose of the thesis applies the ideas of energy conservation and emission reduction into the using process of the air conditioning system equipments.
Assessment of Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Emissions for Conventional and Advanced Powertrain Vehicles
Authors: Li Shu Hua , Li Nan Nan , Hou Yong Guo , Gao Ying , Li Jun
Published: September 2013

In this study, an environmental comparison of hybrid, fuel cell and gasoline passenger vehicles is performed with the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Unlike in a classic LCA, the vehicle cycle and fuel cycle of vehicles have both been modeled to cover vehicles with the full life time.According to the assumptions, the total energy consumption of the hybrid and fuel cell vehicles are respectively 27% and 37% lower than that of the gasoline vehicle. The GHG emission of the hybrid and fuel cell vehicles are respectively 27% and 44% lower than that of the gasoline vehicle. The results of the study show that the FCV is the one that presents the lower LCA energy consumption and GHG emission compared with the HEV.
A Review of Experimental Results about In Situ Concrete Strength
Authors: Vona Marco
Published: September 2013

In this paper, experimental results on the in situ concrete strength have been reported in order to suggest some possible improvements of the current investigation planning strategies. The results of experimental campaign carried out on existing structures are discussed in order to investigate the variability of Destructive Tests (DTs) and Non Destructive Tests (NDTs). Then, the characteristics of the most usual procedures (core testing, rebound number, ultrasonic pulse, ...) have been examined. The results showed primarily the unsuitability (thus its uselessness) of the rebound test in order to describe the variability of concrete characteristics inside the buildings. On this basis, an alternative procedure has been suggested to obtain in-situ concrete strength.
Value Analysis and Properties Investigation of High Performance Rice Husk Ash Concrete
Authors: Lin Lee Kuo , Wu Wei Sheng , Lee Hubert
Published: September 2013

During recent years, the Taiwan government launches issues of green building , sustainable engineering , carbon reduction and etc. , to promote balance construction and environment ecology. One of the most important materials in those engineering issues is cement which is used widely in construction industry. Cement emits 0.85 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) for each ton of cement used in average. This not only causes the waste of energy but also againsts the conception of environmental protection. This research uses the rice husk ash (RHA) which people always regards as the waste material as a pozzolanic material to replace part of cement to make high performance concrete (HPC). Then makes the value analysis and properties investigation for HPC. Based on this research, rice husk (RH) will contain lots of silicon dioxide (SiO2) after burning into RHA. If use RHA to replace part of cement, it can get appropriate properties of compressive strength and durability. More important is that by replacing part of cement, it not only will reduce the emission of CO2 and save money but also reach the goal of global village protection on earth.
Preparation of Copper Sulfate Solution from Copper Slag Using Sulfuric Acid Solution
Authors: Pi Guo Min
Published: September 2013

In this paper, sulfuric acid leaching of copper slag at atmospheric pressure was used to produce copper sulfate solution and higher leaching ratio of copper sulfate solution was obtained. Meanwhile, some factors (Acid concentration, the temperature, the liquid-solid ratio, time and other) were investigated and analyzed in the production process. In addition, this work provided smelting plants with economically viable technology of copper recovery process from copper slag.
Nitrite Scavenging Activity of Apple Polyphenols in Simulated Gastric Condition
Authors: Ma Hui , Liu Wen Bo , Zhou Yan Xia , Guo Tao
Published: September 2013

This study compared nitrite scavenging of apple polyphenols extracted from Fuji apple, yellow banana apple and red banana apple in simulated gastric conditions. Scavenging rates of peel and pulp polyphenols from single and mixed solutions from different varieties were studied. The results showed that: 1 In the same extraction process, which was ultrasonic treatment for 15min, the solid-liquid ratio 1:4 and ethanol volume fraction 60%, contents of polyphenols in red banana apple were significantly higher than that in other apples both in peel and pulp. 2 In simulated gastric conditions, nitrite scavenging of red apple pulp polyphenols increased with increasing concentrations, and it reached 90.9% at concentration of 100μg/mL. 3 At the concentration of 100μg/mL, nitrite scavenging of banana apple was significantly higher than that of Fuji apple, and pulp higher than peel in banana apple. 4 Nitrite scavenging of mixed apple polyphenols was lower than that of single solutions. Over all, apple polyphenols have a strong nitrite scavenging effect, and nitrite scavenging of banana apple was higher than that of Fuji apple.
Studies on Citronellal Extract Column Reflux Ratio and Theoretical Plate Number Design
Authors: Zhang Zheng Hui , Chen Qiu
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the batch rectification operation is adopted to keep distillate constituting constant high vacuum, in the operation process, the operation of variable reflux ratio is carries out. Through studying the relational system of reflux ratio, column top product composition, rectification time and theoretical plate number, when the concentration of citronellal extract column product is 99%, the appropriate reflux ratio is 0.8-15, and the graphic method is used to design13 pieces of theoretical plate number of citronellal extract column, providing powerful data support for the process design of citronellal extract column.
Effect of Partial Oxygen Pressures on Pollutant Removal with Membrane-Aerated Bioreactor
Authors: Xing Jun , Yu Chi , Wang Wei Jing , Zhang Hong , Zhan Shi Ping
Published: September 2013

The membrane-aerated bioreactor (MABR) was specially designed to evaluate its suitability for the treatment of an artificial sewage in laboratory. The paper presented the configuration of the MABR, the effect of variation of partial oxygen pressures on treatment efficiency (COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N), and the theoretical analysis on COD efficiency. The partial oxygen pressures were changed to investigate experimentally its influence on the removal of COD, NH4+-N and NO3--N. Results showed that when partial oxygen pressures was below 40KPa, COD and NH4+-N removal efficiency increased with its increasing, meanwhile, nitrification was the main control process in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND); with partial oxygen pressures above 40KPa, the COD and NH4+-N removal efficiency wasnt affected by it, and denitrification became the main control process in SND. However, denitrification would be restrained if the partial oxygen pressure overtops a certain value. The partial oxygen pressure had more significant influence on COD than NH4+-N removal efficiencies. The reaction rate of COD remove in the MABR had zero-order reaction characteristics.
Corrosion Resistance of SiCp/Al Metal Matrix Nanocomposites
Authors: He Chun Lin , Bai Ying Ying , Lou De Yuan , Ma Guo Feng , Wang Jan Ming , Du Zhao Fu , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: September 2013

The effect of volume fraction of SiC nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of the SiCp/Al metal matrix composites (MMCs) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that pitting susceptibility is about the same for the nanocomposites and the correspondingly unreinforced matrix metal Al, and the corrosion potentials of the MMCs are about 50 mV-60 mV more positive than that of the unreinforced Al, and is independent of the volume fraction of SiC nanoparticles. The corrosion resistance for the nanocomposite slightly decreases when the volume fraction increases due to both SiC nanoparticle agglomeration and promoting galvanic corrosion between SiC and Al.
An Environment-Friendly Thermal Insulation Material from Porous Cellulose Aerogel
Authors: Shi Jian Jun , Lu Ling Bin , Zhang Jing Ying
Published: September 2013

Cellulose hydrogel was prepared by using the NaOH/ Thiourea/ H2O as solvent system, cellulose aerogels were obtained by freeze-drying technology. The results showed that cellulose aerogel had porous network structure. Freeze-drying method was an effective way to prepare cellulose aerogel, and the volume shrinkage was 20.41%-28.36%. Bulk cellulose aerogel had low density, high porosity and fine mechanical strength. The density was low to 0.233g/cm3, and the porosity was up to 84.88%. The compressive strength was 5.7-8.2MPa. Cellulose aerogel had good heat insulation performance and thermal conductivity could be as low as 0.029 W/ (m·K). This work provided a foundation for the possibility of applying cellulose aerogels in the insulating material field.
Preparation and Characterization of Macroporous Foams Derived from a Phenolic Resin
Authors: Zhang Yu Yan , Wang Hai Wang , Du Yue Wen , Song Li Hui , Dong Gao Gao , Li Hang Yu , Lu Xiu Yuan
Published: September 2013

New macroporous carbons are prepared using phenolic resin foam as a carbon precursor. The synthesis scheme consisted of: (a) preparation of the phenolic resin foams, (b) carbonization of the phenolic resin foams. The synthesized phenolic resin foams were modificated by the hybrid SiO2nanomaterials for the first. The obtained macroporous carbons with better air tightness have potential application in catalyst support. Moreover, the shape of the macroporous carbons could be controlled by simply adjusting the phenolic resin foams.
Application of MoS2 Nanoflakes in Supercapacitor
Authors: Han Xue Song , Jiang Xun Yong , Yin Shou Gen
Published: September 2013

In this paper, MoS2 nanoflakes was prepared by a vacuum freeze-drying method. Electrochemical performance of MoS2 nanoflakes has been investigated through cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyzer. The results demonstrated that the new electrode maintains a relatively high power density and a good cycle performance in 6 M KOH electrolyte. A maximum specific capacitance of 0.11 F g-1 in an aqueous electrolyte solution has been obtained. The supercapacitor devices exhibit excellent long cycle life along with ~ 40% specific capacitance retained after 500 cycle at scan rates of 500 mV s1.
The Melting Behavior of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/ Attapulgite Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Chen , Lu Xiang Hui , Qi Xue , Li Peng
Published: September 2013

The melting and recrystallization behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/ Attapulgite(At)nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization from the melt was studied by Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC). The influence of At contents, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the melting process were examined. Two melting endotherms(in the SDSC CP.A curves, reversible part) and one recrystallization exotherm (in the SDSC CP.IsoK curves, irreversible part)of PET/At nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization were observed during the melt process. This ascribes to the melting-recrystallization mechanism .The low temperature endotherm attributes to the melting of primary crystal formed during the isothermal treating and the high temperature endotherm resulting from the melting of recrystallization materials. The reason why more recrystallization happened with the increase of At content was given and the process of recrystallization was described in detail. The effects of crystal perfection and recrystallization were minimized by increasing of crystallization temperature and time.
Optimal Design of Corrugated Ribbon Sandwich Structure Subjected to Biaxial Shear Loads
Authors: Pan Shi Dong , Zhou Zhen Gong , Wu Lin Zhi
Published: September 2013

In this paper, in order to enhance the equivalent shear strength of the corrugated ribbon sandwich structures, one new optimal design concept is brought forward to design the corrugated ribbon sandwich structures subjected to biaxial shear loads. Based on the performance harmony concept, the equivalent shear properties have been investigated and given. Analytical results show that the equivalent shear properties of the corrugated ribbon sandwich structure depend on not only the lattice truss cores, but also the facesheets, the interface and the shear loads imposed on the facesheets.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Adsorption Isotherms of Pure C5-C7 Linear Alkanes in Pillared Layered Materials
Authors: Li Wen Zhuo , Xu Ding Jia , Zhang Song , Wang Jian Long
Published: September 2013

The adsorption equilibria of pure linear alkanes, involving n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-heptane in pillared layered materials are simulated using configurational-bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) techniques in grand canonical ensemble. In the CBMC simulation, pillared layered pores are modelled by a uniform distribution of pillars between two solid layered walls with a given size of interlayer gallery. And a grid model is employed here to calculate the interaction between fluid molecules and two layered boards. Our simulation results are in a good agreement with the reported experimental data on the adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K, indicating that the grid model used in this work is effective. Then, a series of CBMC simulations of the adsorption isotherms of pure n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-heptane in pillared layered pores with three different porosities ψ = 0.98, 0.94 and 0.87, and three pore widths H = 1.02, 1.70 and 2.38 nm at temperature T = 300 K has been carried out.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Water-Based Nano-Lubrication
Authors: Zhang Su Mei , Guo Pei Hong , Zhu Jia Nan , Wen Xiao Ping
Published: September 2013

Molecular dynamics simulations of water-based nanolubrication in Couette flow are carried out. The water molecules are simulated by the TIP3P model. Three different shear rates are 20 m/s and 40 m/s and 60 m/s, and the vertical pressure acted on the metal wall are 10GPa, 20 GPa, 30 GPa and 40 GPa respectively. The simulated results show that the greater pressure, the smaller the stable value of friction spacing, while the reduction rate of the stable value becomes small. Meanwhile, as pressure increases, the stabilization time is longer. However, under the same pressure, shear rate of influence on the friction spacing is not obvious. The friction spacing increases with the number of particles, showing that the presence of nanoparticles can enhance the bearing capacity.
The Study of Structural Transformation Induced by Cu Concentration Variation in the Frozen (CoCu)309 Clusters
Authors: Xiao X.Y. , Chen R.P. , Sun L.T. , Cheng Z.F. , Xia J.H.
Published: September 2013

The irregular physical and chemical properties can induce by the synergy effects of alloy elements in bimetallic clusters. Research on the influence of alloys concentration on the frozen structure of bimetallic cluster plays a key role in exploring new structural materials. In this paper, the influence of the Cu concentration on the frozen structures of the (CoCu)309clusters was investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation based on an embedded atom method. The (CoCu)309clusters with different Cu concentration were frozen from 2000 K to 200 K. It was found that the Co309cluster was formed by the Co bulk-like hcp structures and the Cu309cluster was constructed by the form with a 5-fold symmetry axe. The icosahedron structural transformation is strongly related to doping Cu atoms. Furthermore, two methods of icosahedrons structural transformation were found during the freezing processes of the Co-Cu clusters with different Cu concentration. The irregular phenomenon of the structure transformation induced with the 30% and 40% Cu concentration. The synergy effects of the Co-Cu on the surface are the key reason for the irregular icosahedrons.
Interconnecting Silicon Posts by Pyrolyzing Diffraction-Induced SU-8 Fibers
Authors: Zheng Hui , Gao Yang , Jiang Shu Lan , Tang Zi Rong , Shi Tie Lin , Xia Qi
Published: September 2013

Silicon postsare fabricated by inductively coupled plasmaetching (ICP). Then, a SU-8 layer is spin-coated. During the photolithography, the opening areas of mask are aligned to the top surface of the underlying silicon posts.SU-8 fibers that interconnect the underlying silicon postsare created due to the mask-induced diffraction effect. After pyrolysis, SU-8 photoresist is transformedinto carbon, and as the results, carbon fibers that interconnect the underlying silicon postsare created.
Study on the Mechanism of SCR NO by Mn-Ce/CNTs Catalyst at Low-Temperature
Authors: Yang Qiao Wen , Li Peng Fei , Ren Bing Nan , Zhu Ying , Xu Dong Yao
Published: September 2013

The prepared Mn-Ce/CNTs catalyst was tested with Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD) in this experiment. The adsorption – desorption of NO, NH3, O2on the surface of catalyst were studied and the mechanism of SCR was analyzed. The conclusions were as follows: NH3was easily absorbed on the surface of Mn-Ce/CNTs catalyst for its significant competitive advantage; it can restrain the absorption of NO. The adsorption performance of NH3on catalyst surface was far greater than NO. When NO, O2adsorbed on the catalyst at the same time, the desorption amount of NO from catalyst significantly was less than the NO absorbed only. This shows that the O2can promote the adsorption of NO on the catalyst in SCR system.