bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О НЕОДНОЗНАЧНОСТИ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ПОЛЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУР ЗАМОРАЖИВАЕМОГО ПОРОДНОГО МАССИВА С ПОМОЩЬЮ СКВАЖИННОЙ ТЕРМОМЕТРИИ
Authors: Семин Михаил Александрович , Левин Лев Юрьевич , Богомягков Александр Васильевич , Пугин Алексей Витальевич
Published: June 2021

Актуальность. При проходке вертикальных шахтных стволов с применением специального способа искусственного замораживания пород необходимо осуществлять контроль состояния ледопородного ограждения, формируемого вокруг строящегося ствола. Наиболее распространенным и информативным способом экспериментального контроля состояния замороженных пород является на сегодняшний день скважинная термометрия. По данным скважинной термометрии осуществляется калибровка параметров математической модели (теплофизических свойств пород) и интерпретация поля температуры во всем объеме замораживаемого породного массива путем математического моделирования. Калибровка параметров математической модели в определенных условиях может приводить к неоднозначности в определении параметров модели, причина которой в настоящее время не изучена. Цель настоящей работы состоит в исследовании условий возникновения неоднозначности рассчитанных теплофизических свойств породного массива в результате калибровки математической модели по данным измерений в контрольно-термических скважинах. Объектом исследования является замораживаемый водонасыщенный породный массив вокруг двух строившихся шахтных стволов калийного рудника Нежинского горно-обогатительного комплекса. Методы исследования включали в себя сбор и обработку данных скважинной термометрии состояния замораживаемого породного массива, постановку математической модели теплопереноса в замораживаемом породном массиве, численное решение прямой и обратной задач Стефана и теоретическую интерпретацию рассогласований между измеренными и вычисленными температурами пород. Результаты. Проведены исследования величин рассогласований измеренных и численно рассчитанных температур в контрольно-термических скважинах на фазовой плоскости калибруемых параметров математической модели – теплопроводностей пород в зонах льда и охлаждения. Показано, что минимум функционала рассогласования в определенных условиях перемещается с течением времени или является неединственным. Проведен анализ возникающей неоднозначности на базе упрощенной математической модели теплового баланса на границе фронта фазового перехода. Получено, что на стадии активного замораживания возможно недостоверное определение теплопроводности в зоне льда из-за высокого градиента температуры в массиве вблизи контрольно-термических скважин и погрешности скважинной инклинометрии. На стадии пассивного замораживания возможно недостоверное определение обеих теплопроводностей, так как решение задачи зависит преимущественно от их соотношения.
РЕСУРСНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ОБУСТРОЙСТВА СКВАЖИН С ЧАСТОТНО-РЕГУЛИРУЕМОЙ ПОДАЧЕЙ НАСОСА
Authors: Соловьев Илья Георгиевич , Константинов Иван Владимирович , Говорков Денис Александрович
Published: June 2021

Актуальность исследования связана с вопросами повышения эффективности процессов эксплуатации скважин, обустроенных электроцентробежным насосом, на основе оптимального выбора технического режима, частотного режима и параметров обустройства подъёмника силовой установкой по критерию прибыли, доставляемой парой «насос–двигатель» на полном жизненном цикле ее эксплуатации. Учет возможной изменчивости условий эксплуатации осуществляется регулировкой критерия по показателю горизонта планирования. Цель: формализация задачи оптимального выбора технологического режима, частоты питающего напряжения и параметров обустройства скважины с электроцентробежным насосом с одновременным учётом прямых энергетических затрат и косвенных факторов ускоренного износа в стационарных условиях работы с регулируемым горизонтом планирования. Объекты: скважина, оборудованная электроцентробежным насосом. Методы: материального и теплового балансов, гидростатики, линеаризованной кинетики потерь напора в сегментах подъёмника, численного интегрирования и анализа нелинейных систем, типовой формализации задач оптимизации принятия решений. Результаты и выводы. Учет главных факторов ускоренного износа в критерии прибыли расширяет круг определений оптимальных решений, упреждая завышенные выборы начальной производительности фактом сокращения суммарной прибыли полного жизненного цикла эксплуатации электроцентробежного насоса. Проблема возможной изменчивости условий эксплуатации в схеме вывода стационарных оптимальных решений частично учитывается введением в критерий показателя горизонта планирования. Снижение энергоэффективности работы электроцентробежного насоса на смещённых частотах указывает, что «видимые свободы» частотной регулировки имеют цену своего использования, вследствие чего выбираемые частоты оптимальных решений длительных периодов эксплуатации приближаются к синхронной частоте с максимальным коэффициентом полезного действия работы центробежного насоса. Предложенное термобарическое и энергетическое описание равновесных состояний системы с учётом факторов динамики освоения ресурса электроцентробежного насоса позволяет использовать упрощенные модельные решения как первичную основу последующего построения адаптивных автоматизированных регламентов операционного контроля и управления в условиях неопределённости.
ГИДРОМАГНЕЗИТОВАЯ ПОРОДА В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ МАГНЕЗИАЛЬНЫХ ВЯЖУЩИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
Authors: Митина Наталия Александровна , Хабас Тамара Андреевна
Published: June 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью комплексного использования магнезиального сырья, в том числе отходов добычи. При добыче магнезиального сырья как огнеупорного и стратегического материала на некоторых месторождения сопутствующей является гидромагнезитовая порода, которая не находит применения в классических магнезиальных технология. В то же время она обладает характеристиками, позволяющими применять ее для получения важных продуктов: антипиренов для различных материалов, поризующий компонент в огнестойких покрытиях, исходный компонент для получения водостойких магнезиальных вяжущих. Цель: определить возможность и условия применения гидромагнезиатовой породы Халиловского месторождения в качестве исходного сырья при получении водного раствора бикарбоната магния – жидкости затворения водостойкого магнезиального вяжущего. Объекты: гидромагнезитовая порода, сопутствующая магнезиту скрытокристаллической структуры Халиловского месторождения, Оренбургская область. Изучаемая порода состоит из гидрокарбонатных минералов: гидромагнезита, дипингита, несквигонита, а также примеси клинохризотила. Гидрокарбонатный состав не позволяет применять ее для формованных обжиговых магнезиальных изделий. Методы: метод термической активации гидромагнезитовой породы, позволяющий получить высокореакционную дефектную структуру; получение раствора бикарбоната магния искусственной карбонизацией суспензии активированного гидромагнезитового материала; термические методы исследования – дифференциальная сканирующая калориметрия, термогравиметрия; рентгенофазовый анализ; титрометрический метод определения концентрации бикарбонат-ионов. Результаты. Установлена возможность использования гидромагнезитовой породы для получения водного раствора бикарбоната магния с концентрацией по бикарбонат-иону до 3,8 г/л; установлена эффективность термической обработки гидромагнезитов в диапазоне температур 300–375 °С, которая позволяет получить высокодефектный продукт ; термическая активация гидромагнезитов повышает эффективность перехода бикарбонат-ионов и катионов магния в раствор в присутствие СО2 при низком давлении процесса карбонизации 0,2 МПа; полученный при низком давлении газа СО2 водный раствор бикарбоната магния с высокой концентрацией бикарбонат-ионов позволит получить гидравлические магнезиальные вяжущие композиции высокой водостойкости.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ НАПОЛНЕННЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ ДЛЯ РЕЗИСТОРОВ ПРИ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКОМ РЕЖИМЕ НАГРУЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Минакова Наталья Николаевна , Ушаков Василий Яковлевич
Published: June 2021

Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что обеспечение бесперебойного электроснабжения предприятий ресурсодобывающих отраслей является непременным условием их эффективного функционирования. Последнее, в свою очередь, определяется качеством защиты электропотребляющего оборудования (прежде всего электродвигателей) от токов короткого замыкания и перенапряжений в питающей сети. Их ограничение обеспечивается комплексом мер; важнейшей среди них является использование высоковольтных объемных резисторов, способных рассеивать огромные мощности. В последние годы внимание специалистов привлекли наполненные полимеры как материалы для изготовления таких резисторов. Наряду с такими их достоинствами, как: доступность и дешевизна исходных материалов (высокая ресурсоэффектвность), хорошо освоенная технология производства таких композиций, им присущ существенный недостаток – сильная зависимость удельного объемного сопротивления от температуры и, следовательно, от режимов их работы. Из-за многообразия процессов в наполненных полимерах, стимулируемых повышенной температурой, необходимо изучение их поведения в зависимости от условий нагрева. Один из часто встречающихся режимов работы полимерных композиционных материалов – повторно-кратковременное воздействие токовой нагрузки, при котором происходят многократные изменения температурного режима, негативно влияющие на стабильность параметров резисторов. Это делает актуальными исследования динамики объёмного электрического сопротивления как важнейшего параметра резистора при сложных режимах токовой нагрузки. Цель: оценка возможности работы наполненных техническим углеродом каучуков в режиме «нагрев–охлаждение»: исследование разброса величины тока в зависимости от токовой нагрузки, времени работы и паузы при нагреве переменным током. Из-за многокомпонентности структуры стабильность электрофизических характеристик во многом определяется режимом их работы. Методы: инструментальные измерения электрофизических характеристик резистивных полимерных композиционных материалов, статистическая обработка результатов измерений, оценка временных рядов изменения случайных параметров. Результаты. Выявлены зависимости величины переменного тока, протекающего в наполненных техническим углеродом бутадиен-нитрильных каучуках, от длительности работы и продолжительности пауз при повторно-кратковременном режиме работы. Установлена также возможность проявления неоднозначного влияния длительности паузы на стабильность величины тока. Подтверждена возможность применения показателя Херста для оценки тенденций временного ряда по изменению токовой нагрузки (объемного электрического сопротивления) в повторно-кратковременном режиме работы. Показана зависимость величины самого показателя Херста от длительности анализируемого временного интервала. На основании проведенных исследований разработаны рекомендации по работе наполненных техническим углеродом каучуков при повторно-кратковременном воздействии токовой нагрузки.
Pozitif Psikolojide Güncel Bir Kavram: Merhamet Doyumu
Authors: NAS Eşref
Published: June 2021

Merhamet, bireyin kendi yaşadığı ya da başkasının çektiği acıların ve zorlukların farkında olup bu acıları ve zorlukları hafifletmek amacıyla eyleme geçmesidir. Son yıllarda merhametin eğitim ve sağlık alanlarının yanı sıra pozitif psikoloji alanında da incelendiği görülmektedir. Merhametle ilgili alanyazında ele alınan kavramlardan biri de merhamet doyumudur. Merhamet doyumu, kişinin başkasına veya diğer bir canlıya yardım ederken, onunla ilgilenirken veya ona bakım sunarken elde ettiği olumlu duyguların tümüdür. Bu derleme çalışmasında merhamet doyumu kavramının Türkçe alanyazına dahil edilmesi ve merhamet doyumuna ilişkin farkındalık kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde yurt dışı alanyazın taranmış ve çeşitli araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmalara dayalı olarak, merhamet doyumunun tanımı yapılmıştır. Merhamet doyumunun kişiden kişiye değişebileceği ve zaman zaman insanların merhamet doyumlarının azalabileceği belirtilmiştir. Merhamet doyumunun faydalarından ve merhamet doyumu yüksek olan kişilerin özelliklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca merhamet doyumunun artırılabilmesi için önerilen uygulamalara değinilmiştir. Merhamet doyumunun kavramsal modeli sunulmuş ve merhamet doyumunun ölçülmesine yönelik yapılan ölçek çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise çalışmanın genel hatları özetlenmiş ve merhamet doyumu ile ilgili birtakım öneriler sunulmuştur.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING MATEMATIKA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA CILEGON [THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MATHEMATICS ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN CILEGON CITY]
Authors: Rahma Novia Afika , Pujiastuti Heni
Published: June 2021

With the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of learning which is usually done face-to-face, now has to be done online as an effort to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of online learning during the covid-19 pandemic in the city of Cilegon. The research is a quantitative descriptive study in which the data collection technique uses a survey method in the form of a questionnaire given online. The first stage of data analysis conducted by the researcher is testing the validity and reliability of the instrument. Then the data obtained through the questionnaire was also carried out percentage analysis to determine the shape of the degree / level in order to be able to group it on the criteria of effectiveness. The research subjects were high school and vocational high school students or the equivalent. It is found that the results show an average of 60.6365% or fall into the category of quite effective.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Dengan adanya pandemi covid-19, pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang biasanya dilakukan dengan tatap muka, sekarang harus dilakukan secara daring sebagai upaya memutus rantai penyebaran covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi covid-19 di kota Cilegon. Penelitian termasuk kedalam penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang mana teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode survey berupa angket yang diberikan secara online. Tahapan pertama dari analisis data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti yaitu uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen. Kemudian data yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner dilakukan pula analisis persentasi untuk mengetahui bentuk derajat/tingkatannya agar dapat mengelompokkan pada kriteria keefektivan. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik tingkat SMA dan SMK atau sederajat. Didapatkan bahwa hasil menunjukkan rata-rata 60,6365% atau masuk kedalam kategori cukup efektif.
Energy-demographic history of the modern civilization
Authors: Tetelmin Vladimir
Published: June 2021

The continuous increase in human energy production per caput is accompanied by an increase in the world population. The work considers the demographic history of civilization as a function of the growing production and use of the energy by mankind. The evolution in the «energy-man» system took place relatively safely for the biosphere and a man up to the value of the per caput energy consumption of 11,000 kW*h/year*person that was achieved by civilization in 1950. Modern high per caput energy consumption of civilization is achieved at the cost of the loss of the environment-forming functioning by the biosphere and at the cost of the loss of the psychophysical health of a person. We can see the prospects for development of civilization through analysis of the energy-demographic history of mankind over the past 200 years. The features of fertility and mortality in the world are considered depending on the per caput energy consumption with a forecast for the future. Two limits to the growth of global energy production were formulated in terms of preventing harm to humans. Corresponding analytical dependencies are proposed. To prevent an ecological and demographic catastrophe and ensure transition of civilization to sustainable development, it is proposed to reduce the world energy production to 140*1012 kW*h/year with a decrease in per caput energy consumption to a relatively safe level of 18,000 kW*h/year*person, which existed in society in 1970. After this «step back» civilization will enter a state of relatively safe existence.
Biographical Analysis in Historical-Sociological Research. Summing up 20 Years of Experience. Interview prepared by Kozlova, L.A.
Authors: Doktorov Boris , Kozlova Larissa
Published: June 2021

Doctorov gives an interview where issues are touched upon related to the development and achievements of a project on the history of Soviet/Russian sociology, a project which he has been curating for almost 20 years, as well as to a biographical study in the field of American sociology and the study of public opinion. Doctorov’s project deals with solving the theoretical, methodological and empirical issues of applying the biographical method in historical-sociological research. The author’s main methodological developments include the concept of Russian sociology’s rebirth, substantiation for generational-functional analysis, and the notion of a biographical quality to creative work in sociology, which includes the recently launched development of non-linear biographical analysis. The article discusses the author’s empirical research related to determining the generational structure of Russia’s sociological community, as well as the possibility of its study by means of in-depth interview via e-mail. It also examines the content and relevance of a collection of interviews with Russian sociologists (titled “Big portrait”), as well as an online-book titled “Biographical interviews with social scientist colleagues” (this one is interactive) and the nine-volume “Modern Russian sociology: historical-biographical pursuits”, all of which mention the main findings of B. Doctorov’s project.
Leocadiya Mikhailovna Drobizheva. Life in Science
Authors: Ryzhova Svetlana , Arutyunova Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The article presents the scientific biography of L.M. Drobizheva (1933–2021), who headed the Moscow School of Ethnic Sociology for many years. The article reveals the stages of the formation of ethnosociology in USSR and later in Russia — from its origin in the late 1960s as a method of field ethnographic research aimed at studying the ethno-social processes of Soviet society, to the formation by the end of the second decade of the XXI century as a branch sociological discipline that studies the processes and phenomena that arise in an ethnically marked social space. The article describes the transformation of the methodological approaches of the Moscow ethno-sociological school, the outstanding contribution of L.M. Drobizheva to the formation of the scientific method of the School, and its connection with social practice.
Work and Life Balance of the Change Generation: Results of The V St Petersburg International Youth Labour Forum
Authors: Nikiforova Olga
Published: June 2021

On the 21st of April 2021 in Saint Petersburg there was an anniversary International Youth Labour Forum, which once again united young people, representatives of business, education and government officials to discuss the situation on the labour market and offer solutions for the career development of Generation Z. At the scientific Conference “Life and Labor balance of Generation Z” held within the framework of the Forum, the main values of modern youth and their career strategies were discussed.
Mujeres, catolicismo y nación: los escritos sobre el pasado de las historiadoras aficionadas o semiprofesionales de España (1890-1936)
Authors: Camino Alejandro
Published: June 2021

Durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y las primeras del XX, las mujeres españolas, al igual que ocurrió en la mayor parte del mundo, fueron marginadas y relegadas, explícita o implícitamente, a los márgenes de la profesión de historiador. Ante esta situación, muchas optaron por saciar su interés por el pasado investigando y escribiendo sobre temas que estaban alejados de lo considera do como relevante por el canon de la profesión. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer sobre qué temas, y con qué objetivos, escribieron sobre el pasado las mujeres católicas y conservadoras en España que pueden denominarse historiadoras aficionadas o semiprofesionales. Es decir, aquellas que no habían recibido una formación específica reglada o que, cuando la tuvieron, no pudieron consagrarse como profesionales ocupando cátedras y otros puestos de historiador en las instituciones académicas.
A proposta de descolonização do corpo do COMPA -Teatro Trono, de El Alto, Bolívia
Authors: Machado Iara
Published: June 2021

O artigo trata da metodologia de teatro de "descolonização do corpo" elaborada pelo artista e sociólogo Ivan Nogales (in memoriam), durante sua experiência como diretor e dramaturgo do Teatro Trono, de El Alto, Bolívia, desde o final da década de 1980. Tal proposta se constitui em uma forma de resistência e re-existência ao projeto Moderno/Colonial, na medida em que recupera epistemologias ancestrais através de um "teatro de memória" e um arte comunitária, em que se mescla diversas tradições do teatro clássico, moderno e popular, transpassando, assim, a linha abissal imposta pela modernidade/colonialidade, por meio da desconstrução de imaginários impostos por ela, para enfrentar a colonialidade do poder ( do ser, do saber e da natureza) na busca pelo amor e pela liberdade, encontrados na possibilidade de formação de um corpo social, que se faz pela "arte do abraço".
Arte latino-americana entre vizinhos distantes e mulheres radicais
Authors: Marques Cristiélen Ribeiro
Published: June 2021

Este artigo aborda a construção de uma identidade e de uma história da arte latino-americana a partir de exposições que, no cenário contemporâneo, ganharam destaque como crítica, linguagem e recepção artística. Destaca ainda a posição do Brasil nos debates sobre a integração regional por meio de duas exposições de arte no país, Mulheres Radicais: arte latino-americana 1960-1985 e Vizinhos Distantes: arte da América Latina no Acervo do MAC USP. A aproximação em torno da forma e da função dessas exposições, e das instituições e agentes envolvidos, aponta convergências e divergências na formação de um legado de arte latino-americano e na inserção do Brasil nessa produção artística.
La preparación de los servicios de interpretación de lengua de signos: Contexto discursivo y esfuerzo físico
Authors: Suárez Martín Caridad Rosario , Rodríguez-Ruíz David
Published: June 2021

La interpretación en lengua de signos demanda una gran competencia cognitiva y física en el intérprete de lengua de signos (ILS). Nuestro interés es estudiar, a través de la metodología de recogida de datos del análisis crítico del discurso, cómo preparan los ILSs sus contextos discursivos, incluyendo el esfuerzo físico existente. Realizamos un estudio mixto: cualitativo, del contexto discursivo y cuantitativo, evaluando la musculatura implicada, obteniendo como resultado que es de vital importancia que el ILS tenga la información con antelación para poder adaptarse rápidamente a diferentes ritmos del discurso y la tensión que las situaciones generan. Ya que deben enfrentarse a una amplia variedad de desafíos relacionados con las tareas, cognitivos y físicos, favoreciendo el posible riesgo de lesión muscular, es necesario para el ILS realizar actividades físicas compensatorias y preventivas. El conocimiento previo sobre el contenido a interpretar, los usuarios, características del lugar y otros aspectos a tener en cuenta, según el servicio, proporciona mejores herramientas para la realización del trabajo.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN UNSUR HARA MAKRO DAN MIKRO PADA PUPUK KOMPOS CAMPURAN KULIT PISANG DAN CANGKANG TELUR AYAM
Authors: Gani Abdul , Widianti Siska , Sulastri Sulastri
Published: June 2021

Penelitian mengenai analisis kandungan hara makro dan mikro pada pupuk kompos campuran kulit pisang dan cangkang telur ayam bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar hara yang terkandung di dalam pupuk kompos tersebut. Proses pembuatan kompos dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan kulit pisang dan cangkang telur ayam yang telah dihaluskan dan ditambahkan EM-4 ke dalam wadah, terdiri atas 3 variasi dan 2 kali ulangan. Total berat komposisi tiap variasi yaitu 4 kg. Pengomposan berlangsung selama 31 hari. Setelah kompos matang, dilakukan pengujian terhadap pH dan kandungan hara C-orgnaik, nitrogen, kalium, phosfor, kalsium dan rasio C/N di laboratorium. Pengujian pH menunjukkan tingkat pH tergolong basa yaitu pada skala 10 dan 11. Hasil uji anova pada parameter C-organik, N dan rasio C/N menunjukkan adanya pengaruh antara variasi bahan pupuk organik terhadap kandungan hara pupuk organik. Hasil uji anova  pada parameter P, K dan Ca tidak menunjukkanadanya pengaruh antara variasi bahan pupuk organik terhadap kandungan hara pupuk organik. Hasil rata-rata analisis nitrogen (% W/W) perlakuan 1, 2 dan 3 secara berurutan adalah 0,51; 0,22; dan 0,23. Hasil rata-rata analisis C-organik (% W/W) secara berturut-turut adalah 33,83; 8,03; dan 5,25. Kadar rata-rata phosfor (% W/W)  secara berturut-turut adalah 1,15; 0,34; dan 0,69. Kandungan rata-rata kalium (% W/W) sebesar 2,79; 1,13; dan 0,82. Kadar rata-rata kalsium (% W/W) secara berurutan 21,41; 21,42; dan 27,46. Rata-rata rasio C/N (%) yang diperoleh secara berurutan, yaitu 67,06; 36,5; dan 22,87. Parameter analisis untuk P dan K menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan ketentuan SNI kompos.
STUDI PENGGUNAAN SENYAWA CaCl2 DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR SULFAT PADA LIMBAH PRODUKSI GARAM
Authors: Nuzula Nike Ika , Pratiwi Wiwit Sri Werdi , Indriyawati Novi , Efendy Makhfud
Published: June 2021

Bittern adalah salah satu hasil dari proses produksi garam yang saat ini pemanfaatannya belum maksimal. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya pengotor yang terkadung didalamnya. Sulfat merupakan pengotor tertinggi kedua dalam bittern. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengikat sulfat pada bittern dengan menggunakan CaCl₂.2H₂O dengan metode penambahan yang berbeda-beda. Variasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perbandingan mol antara bittern dengan Kristal CaCl2. Perbandingan mol terbaik antara bittern dengan Kristal CaCl2 didapatkan rasio sebesar 1: 0.9 dengan kadar sulfat sebesar 4.83 mg/L, dimana kadar awal sulfat pada sampel bittern sebesar 41.257 g/L atau setara dengan 41257 mg/L..
UJI SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK TANAMAN GANDARIA (Bouea macrophylla Griff) TERHADAP SEL HeLa
Authors: Roni Asep , Maruf Amar , Marliani Lia
Published: June 2021

Gandaria merupakan tanaman yang berasal dari indonesia terutama maluku yang memiliki akitvitas farmakologis, akan tetapi belum banyak dilihat sebagai objek studi penelitian karena kelangkaannya di Indonesia. Gandaria memiliki kandungan flavonoid, yang terdapat dalam berbagai tumbuhan dan memiliki berbagai aktifitas farmakologis. Salah satu contoh senyawa flavonoid yang terdapat dalam gandaria adalah quercetin dimana quercetin memiliki berbagai efek biologis, salah satunya sebagai antikanker. Kanker adalah penyebab utama kedua kematian menurut WHO pada tahun 2018. Salah satu pengobatan kanker adalah kemoterapi akan tetapi memiliki efek samping yang merugikan oleh karena itu bahan alam berpotensi sebagai salah satu alternatif karena efek sampingnya lebih rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak daun dan batang gandaria terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa. Metode yang digunakan adalah MTT assay yaitu uji kolorimetri untuk menilai aktivitas metabolisme sel yang dibaca oleh alat ELISA reader pada panjang gelombang 550 nm. Nilai IC50 dari ekstrak etil asetat daun 436,966 μg/mL dan ekstrak n-heksana batang 292,044 μg/mL. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas sitototksik paling baik ditunjukan oleh sampel ekstrak n-heksana batang dan tergolong lemah
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR DARI EKSTRAK DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) DAN KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) SERTA UJI CEMARAN MIKROBA
Authors: Rosmainar Lilis
Published: June 2021

Sabun cair mengandung trigliserida yang mampu mengemulsikan air, kotoran/minyak dan biasanya memberikan aroma yang enak dicium serta dapat melindungi kulit dari bakteri dengan penambahan bahan alami yang aman bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi sabun cair dengan ekstrak daun jeruk purut  (Citrus hystrix dan kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) serta pengujiannya terhadap cemaran mikroba. Tahap pertama membuat ekstrak daun jeruk purut dan kopi robusta dengan pelarut alkohol. Hasil ekstrak daun jeruk purut diperoleh sebanyak 37,84%  sedangkan kopi robusta sebanyak 51,64%. Hasil ekstrak ditambahkan ke dalam formulasi sabun cair dengan konsentrasi 2% dan 4%. Formulasi sabun cair dibuat dengan 4 formulasi yaitu F1 ekstrak daun jeruk purut 2%, F2 ekstrak daun jeruk purut 4%, F3 ekstrak kopi robusta 2% dan F4 kopi robusta 4%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan formulasi sabun cair memenuhi spesifikasi SNI 06-4085-1996. Hasil viskositas yang paling tinggi diperoleh pada F3 sedangkan yang paling rendah pada F4 pada hari ke-1. Hasil bobot jenis diperoleh sekitar 1,01 – 1,05. Hasil pengujian pH yang paling tinggi pada F3 dengan densitas 1,05. Pengujian stabilitas busa memiliki konsentrasi 70 – 98%, dengan konsentrasi yang paling tinggi F1 adalah 91%, sedangkan yang paling rendah F4 adalah 76,92%. Sedangkan pada pengujian panelis, diperoleh warna yang disukai F1, bau yang disukai F3, bentuk yang disukai F1, busa yang disukai F4. Dengan hasil secara keseluruhan yang disukai oleh panelis adalah sabun cair  F1 dengan uji cemaran bakteri F1-F4 menunjukkan tidak adanya pertumbuhan bakteri.
Sa’dî Şîrâzî’nin Bostân ve Gülistân’ında Etik Yönetim Tavsiyeleri
Authors: UZUN Yaşar
Published: June 2021

Kamu yönetimlerinde etik dışı davranışlar, telafisi imkânsız ağır maliyetlere yol açabilmektedirler. Etik dışı davranışların önüne geçebilmek üzere, kamu ahlakının güçlendirilmesine yönelik yönetim anlayışlarının benimsenmesi ve hayata geçirilmesi elzemdir. Günümüz tabiriyle “etik yönetim” olarak adlandırılan kamu hizmetinde etik değerlere dayalı yönetim anlayışının sistemli faaliyetler bütünü olarak uygulamaya konulmasıyla bahse konu kamu ahlakının da güçleneceği ortadadır. Bu noktada etik yönetimin, dolayısıyla kamu ahlakının hangi dinamikler üzerine geliştirilebileceği sorusu önem kazanmaktadır ve bu da medeniyetimizin şekillenmesinde temel yapı taşlarından olan kültürel kaynaklarımıza yönelmemiz için başlı başına bir sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, İslam medeniyetinin dayandığı değerlerin yorumlanmasına eserleriyle katkı sağlayan önemli bir yazar, şair ve düşünürün, Sa’dî Şîrâzî’nin Bostân ve Gülistân adlı eserlerini mercek altına almakta; günümüz etik yönetim unsurlarının Sa’dî’nin gözüyle nasıl değerlendirildiği üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı, bir taraftan Sa’dî Şîrâzî’nin Bostân ve Gülistân adlı eserlerindeki etik yönetime dair yönetim düsturları hakkında farkındalığı artırmak; diğer taraftan da bu tür kültürel eserlerin “edebiyatı” aşan, bu anlamda “yaşayan” ve yönetim bilimine değer katan, kamu yönetimine dair sorunların çözümünde referans alınması gereken eserler olduğu bilincini güçlendirmektir. Çalışmada, OECD’nin geçmiş yıllarda geliştirmiş olduğu “etik altyapı” ve “kamu dürüstlüğü” gibi etik yönetim çerçeveleri ve ilkelerinden değerlendirme aracı olarak yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kavramlar, kurumlar ve yönetim yapıları zaman içerisinde değişse de, Bostân ve Gülistân’ın, OECD’nin yönetim çerçevelerine karşılık gelebilecek yönetim öğütleri içerdiklerini söyleyebiliriz.
ANYONS - One Key to Unlock Gravitational-Electromagnetic Union, the Topological Universe, Space-time Travel, Future Computers, Dark Matter/Dark Energy
Authors: Bartlett Rodney
Published: June 2021

In 1982, MIT physicist Frank Wilczek predicted and named ANYONS, quasiparticles (particle-like formations) that are confined to 2 dimensions and were discovered in 2020. The name might come from Prof. Wilczek's lighthearted comment "anything goes". This article's main goal is to show that anyons could be another name for 1) virtual particles, 2) Mobius strips, and 3) figure-8 Klein bottles. Along the way, we'll see the picture painted by the article confirm that Einstein's dream of gravitational-electromagnetic unity fits in with anyons being Mobius strips. The topological hypothesis offers an explanation of dark matter and dark energy. We'll also have encounters with intergalactic travel and imaginary computers. They really could exist but are imaginary in the sense that they use imaginary time (as well as space-time warping).
In Prototypical Autism, the Genetic Ability to Learn Language is Triggered by Structured Information, not Only by Exposure to Oral Language
Authors: Mottron Laurent , Ostrolenk Alexia , Gagnon David
Published: June 2021

What does the way autistics bypass, learn, and eventually master language tell us about humans’ genetically encoded linguistic ability? In this theoretical review, we argue that autistic non-social acquisition of language, as well as autistic savant abilities, provide a strong argument for an innate, human-specific orientation toward (and mastery of) complex embedded structures. Autistic non-social language learning may represent a widening of the material processed during development beyond oral language. Structure detection and manipulation and generative production of non-linguistic embedded and chained material (savant abilities in calendar calculation, musical composition and interpretation, three-dimensional drawing) may thus represent an application of such innate mechanisms to non-standard materials. Typical language learning through exposure to the child’s mother tongue may represent but one of many possible achievements of the same capacity. The deviation from typical language development in autism may ultimately allow access to oral language, sometimes in its most elaborate forms, but also explains the possibility of the absence of its development when applied exclusively to non-linguistic structured material. Such an extension of human capacities beyond, or in parallel to, their usual limits call into question what we consider to be specific or expected in humans and, therefore, does not necessarily represent a genetic “error”. Regardless of the adaptive success or failure of non-social language learning, it is up to science and ethical principles to strive to maintain autism as a human potentiality to further foster our vision of a plural society.
Can Spectrophotometry Be Used to Quantify Zingiberene Sesquiterpenoids in Tomato Leaflet Extracts?
Authors: Dawood Mohammad , Snyder John C. C
Published: June 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), an important vegetable crop, is a host for numerous pests and pathogens. Consequently, tomato breeders are striving to improve pest resistance. Many accessions of the wild relative S. habrochaites display high resistance towards arthropod pests such as spider mites and whiteflies and the presence of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 7-epi-zingiberene on its trichomes has been associated with arthropod resistance. Consequently, tomato breeders are attempting to introgress 7-epi-zingiberene from wild to cultivated tomato. 7-epi-zingiberene has conjugated double bonds causing it to absorb UV light. In fact, absorbance at 270 nm of tomato leaflet washes has been used to aid introgression, but its use has not been critically evaluated. Consequently, we evaluated the relationships between UV absorbances in the 200-350 nm range and the concentration of 7-epi-zingiberene in plants from several interspecific hybrid generations of tomato. We also evaluated the absorbance spectra for isolated 7-epizingberene and it two oxidized forms. The wavelength of maximum absorbance of the isolated compounds was 264 nm. The strength of the relationship (R²) between absorbance measured at a single wavelength and quantity zingiberene ranged from 0.30 to 0.92 among generations evaluated. Additionally, the regressions of absorbance at a single wavelength on quantity always resulted in a non-zero intercept, indicating that single wavelength absorbance cannot be directly used for quantitation. Use of multiple wavelengths for quantitation was explored and their use can improve accuracy of quantitation. Measuring absorbance at multiple wavelengths or scanning in the UV range, backstopped by a method of quantitation such as gas chromatography could be a useful tool for aiding introgression.
Cannabidiol Modulates the Motivational and Anxiety-Like Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in Mice
Authors: Alegre-Zurano Laia , López-Arnau Raúl , Luján Miguel-Ángel , Camarasa Jordi , Valverde Olga
Published: June 2021

3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and the most widespread and life-threatening synthetic cathinone of the “bath salts”. Preclinical research has proven the cocaine-like psychostimulant effects of MDPV and its potential for abuse. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid that has emerged as a new potential treatment for drug addiction. Here, we tested the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on MDPV (2 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference and MDPV (0.05 and 0.075 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration paradigm. We also assessed the effects of the combination of CBD, and MDPV (3 and 4 mg/kg) on anxiety-like behaviour using the elevated plus maze (EPM). CBD mitigated the MDPV-induced conditioned place preference. On the contrary, CBD administration throughout the MDPV (0.075 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration increased drug-seeking and taking behaviours, but only in the high-responders group of mice. Additionally, CBD exerted anxiolytic-like effects, but only in MDPV-treated mice. Taken together, our results indicate that CBD modulation of MDPV-induced motivational responses in mice vary depending on the requirements of the learning task, resulting in a complex response. More research attempting to decipher the behavioural and molecular interactions between CBD and MDPV is needed.
Investigating the Blind Spot of a Monitoring System for Article Processing Charges
Authors: Bruns Andre , Taubert Niels
Published: June 2021

The Open Access (OA) publishing model that is based on article processing charges (APC) is often associated with the potential for more transparency regarding the expenditures for publications. However, the extent to which transparency can be achieved depends not least on the completeness of data in APC monitoring systems. This article investigates two blind spots of the largest collection of APC payment information, OpenAPC. It aims to identify likely APC-liable publications for German universities that contribute to this system and for those that do not provide data to it. The calculation combines data from Web of Science, the ISSN-Gold-OA-list and OpenAPC. The results show that for the group of universities contributing to the monitoring system, more than half of the APC payments are not covered by it and the average payments for non-covered APCs is higher than for APCs covered by the system. In addition, the group of universities that does not contribute to OpenAPC accounts for two thirds of the number of APC-liable publications recorded for contributing universities. Regarding the size of these blind spots, the value of the monitoring system is limited at present.
Power law behavior of Elementary Cellular Automata
Authors: Laval Jorge
Published: June 2021

This paper shows that the percolation clusters from elementary cellular automata {30, 45, 60, 86, 99, 105, 129, 150, 153, 169, 182, 183, 184, 195 and 225 exhibit strong power law behavior, either under random initial conditions, a single occupied cell, or both. Most of the tail exponents are less than unity, implying diverging means and variances of cluster sizes. The analysis presented here is admittedly coarse in an effort to expedite its dissemination.
All the Pups We Cannot See: Cannibalism Masks Perinatal Death in Laboratory Mouse Breeding but Infanticide Is Rare
Authors: Brajon Sophie , Morello Gabriela Munhoz , Capas-Peneda Sara , Hultgren Jan , Gilbert Colin , Olsson Anna
Published: June 2021

Perinatal mortality is a major issue in laboratory mouse breeding. We compared a counting method using daily checks (DAILY_CHECK) with a method combining daily checks with detailed video analyses to detect cannibalisms (VIDEO_TRACK) for estimating the number of C57BL/6 pups born, died and weaned in 193 litters from trios with (TRIO-OVERLAP) or without (TRIO-NO_OVERLAP) the presence of another litter. Linear mixed models were used at litter level. To understand if cannibalism was associated with active killing (infanticide), we analysed VIDEO_TRACK recordings of 109 litters from TRIO-OVERLAP, TRIO-NO_OVERLAP or SOLO (single dams). We used Kaplan-Meier method and logistic regression at pup level. For DAILY_CHECK, the mean litter size was 35% smaller than for VIDEO_TRACK (P<0.0001) and the number of dead pups was twice lower (P<0.0001). The risk of pup loss was higher for TRIO-OVERLAP than TRIO-NO_OVERLAP (P<0.0001). A high number of pup losses occurred between birth and the first cage checking. Analyses of VIDEO_TRACK data indicated that pups were clearly dead at the start of most of the cannibalism events and infanticide was rare. As most pups die and disappear before the first cage check, many breeding facilities are likely to be unaware of their real rates of mouse pup mortality.
Coupled Delft3D-Object Model to Predict Mobility and Burial of Munition on Sandy Floor
Authors: Chu Peter C. , Pessanha Vinicius S. , Fan Chenwu
Published: June 2021

Coupled Delft3D-object model has been developed to predict object’s mobility and burial on sandy seafloor. The Delft3D model is used to predict seabed environment such as currents, waves (peak period, significant wave height, wave direction), water level, sediment transport, and seabed change, which are taken as the forcing term to the object model consisting of three components: (a) object‘s physical parameters such as diameter, length, mass, and rolling moment, (b) dynamics of rolling cylinder around its major axis, and (c) empirical sediment scour model with re-exposure parameterization. The model is compared with the observational data collected from a field experiment from 21 April to 23 May 2013 off the coast of Panama City, Florida funded by the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. The experimental data contain both objects’ mobility using sector scanning and pencil beam sonars and simultaneous environmental time series data of the boundary layer hydrodynamics and sediment transport conditions. Comparison between modeled and observed data clearly show the model capability.
Multiscale Information Propagation in Emergent Functional Networks
Authors: Ghavasieh Arsham , De Domenico Manlio
Published: June 2021

Complex biological systems consist of large numbers of interconnected units, characterized by emergent properties such as collective computation. In spite of all the progress in the last decade, we still lack a deep understanding of how these properties arise from the coupling between the structure and dynamics. Here, we introduce the multiscale emergent functional state, which can be represented as a network where links encode the flow exchange between the nodes, calculated using diffusion processes on top of the network. We analyze the emergent functional state to study the distribution of the flow among components of 92 fungal networks, identifying their functional modules at different scales and, more importantly, demonstrating the importance of functional modules for information content of networks, quantified in terms of network spectral entropy. Our results suggest that the topological complexity of fungal networks guarantees the existence of functional modules at different scales keeping the information entropy, and functional diversity, high.
Computational Generation of Virtual Concrete Mesostructures
Authors: Holla Vijaya , Vu Giao , Timothy Jithender J. , Diewald Fabian , Gehlen Christoph , Meschke Günther
Published: June 2021

Concrete is a heterogeneous material with a disordered material morphology that strongly governs the behavior of the material. In this contribution, we present a computational tool called the Concrete Mesostructure Generator (CMG) for the generation of ultra-realistic virtual concrete morphologies for mesoscale and multiscale computational modeling and simulation of concrete. Given an aggregate size distribution, realistic generic concrete aggregates are generated by a sequential reduction of a cuboid to generate a polyhedron with multiple faces. Thereafter, concave depressions are introduced in the polyhedron using gaussian surfaces. The generated aggregates are assembled into the mesostructure using a hierarchic random sequential adsorption algorithm. The virtual mesostructures are first calibrated using laboratory measurements of aggregate distributions. The model is validated by comparing the elastic properties obtained from laboratory testing of concrete specimens with the elastic properties obtained using computational homogenisation of virtual concrete mesostructures. Finally, a 3D-convolutional neural network is trained to directly generate elastic properties from voxel data.
Impact of an Oncology Clinical Pharmacist on Patient Engagement in Self-Administered Oral Oncolytic Therapy: Case Study of Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Palmer Shannon , Chen Ashley , Dennison Taylor , Czech Cameron , Auten Jessica , Buhlinger Kaitlyn , Muluneh Benyam
Published: June 2021

Oncology clinical pharmacists are uniquely positioned to make interventions to increase patient activation and engagement. To accomplish this goal, pharmacists can target health system-related, provider-related, and patient-related factors to help enhance patient-centered care and drive behavioral health changes. Interventions that pharmacists must tackle include educating team members and patients on the medication acquisition process, communicating urgency of treatment, optimizing workflows, facilitating guideline recommendations, preventing, and managing treatment toxicities, and promoting patient self-advocacy through education and shared decision-making. As crucial members of the healthcare team, oncology clinical pharmacists can simplify highly complex treatment regimens to facilitate and optimize patients’ ownership of their care. This review will focus on the example of venetoclax treatment in acute myeloid leukemia to demonstrate the impact that pharmacists provide that leads to behavioral change of patients and clinicians.
Psilocybin for Treating Psychiatric Disorders: Is it a Psychonaut Legend or a Promising Therapeutic Perspective?
Authors: Coppola Maurizio , Bevione Francesco , Mondola Raffaella
Published: June 2021

Psychedelics extracted by plants have been used in religious, spiritual and mystic practices for millennia. In 1957, Dr. Hofmann have identified and synthesized the prodrug psilocybin, a substance present in more than 200 species of psychedelic mushrooms. Although the limitations related to the scientific design of many studies, clinical observations performed during the 1950s and the 1960s have shown a potential therapeutic effect of psilocybin in patients affected by depressive symptoms, anxiety, and conversion disorder. Psilocybin was classed as a schedule I substance in 1970, but the fascination for psychedelics remained almost unchanged over time promoting a new scientific interest starting from the 1990s. Recent studies provided further evidences supporting the suggestive hypothesis of a therapeutic use of psilocybin for treating various psychiatric disorders including: pathological anxiety, mood depressive disorder and addiction.