bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidance for Structuring a Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit
Authors: Ettinger Nicholas A. , Hill Vanessa L. , Russ Christiana M. , Rakoczy Katherine J. , Fallat Mary E. , Wright Tiffany N. , Choong Karen , Agus Michael S.D. , Hsu Benson ,   SECTION ON CRITICAL CARE, COMMITTEE ON HOSPITAL CARE, SECTION ON SURGERY
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this policy statement is to update the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report and provide enhanced guidance for institutions, administrators, and providers in the development and operation of a pediatric intermediate care unit (IMCU). Since 2004, there have been significant advances in pediatric medical, surgical, and critical care that have resulted in an evolution in the acuity and complexity of children potentially requiring IMCU admission. A group of 9 clinical experts in pediatric critical care, hospital medicine, intermediate care, and surgery developed a consensus on priority topics requiring updates, reviewed the relevant evidence, and, through a series of virtual meetings, developed the document. The intended audience of this policy statement is broad and includes pediatric critical care professionals, pediatric hospitalists, pediatric surgeons, other pediatric medical and surgical subspecialists, general pediatricians, nurses, social workers, care coordinators, hospital administrators, health care funders, and policymakers, primarily in resource-rich settings. Key priority topics were delineation of core principles for an IMCU, clarification of target populations, staffing recommendations, and payment.
THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AS A FACTOR SHAPING THE REGIONAL DISPARITIES
Authors: Totev S.
Published: April 2022

The results of some empirical studies within the EU determining the relationship between the achieved level of economic development and the specific economic structure on the one hand and the magnitude of intra-regional differences on the other are presented and analysed. Based on comparative analysis, the expected evolution of the regional disparities in Bulgaria are defined. The possibilities for pursuing a targeted policy for achieving regional economic convergence have been assessed.
MEASURING THE EFFECTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Perkov V.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to measure the effects in the economic development of the regions in Bulgaria. To achieve this aim, Eurostat data for the period 2014-2018 are used for the following indicators by NUTS 2 regions: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices, Gross fixed capital formation, Compensation of employees, Inactive persons (%), Population and Households with access to the internet at home, Economical indicator for structural business statistics. The methodological framework of the study covers the use of the following statistical methods: stepwise regression, panel regression with fixed and random effect. The results of the study focus on the interpretation of the established cross-sectional and time-series effects.
"GREEN ARCHITECTURE" IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF EUROPE IN THE PERIOD 2021-2027 - IDEAS AND GUIDELINES
Authors: Branzova P.
Published: April 2022

The report aims is to clarify the concept of "green architecture" in the context of the new CAP in the period 2021-2027. The methods used are analysis of the literature and official regulations of the EU and the Member States. The result is an outline of the ideas of "green architecture". The conclusion is focused on the future effect of it for the Member States of the EU.
OF SOME SPECIFICS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES FOR TECH TRANSFERS OF BIOTECH INNOVATIONS / THE CASE OF THE BULGARIAN UNIVERSITY PLATFORM “VITA PLUS”/
Authors: Vladikov A. , Yosifov T.
Published: April 2022

The first-of-its-kind University of Plovdiv transdisciplinary project “Vita Plus” is deemed to adopt some positive international practices to initiate and announce that there are researchers at the University of Plovdiv, interested in realizing tech transfers in the field of biotech innovations. Thus, the goal of the present paper is to explain what factors might be crucial to both characterize technological transfer of biotech innovations as successful from University researchers’ viewpoint, and present them to business ventures for commercial purposes. Research methods of the study include data of the most recent thematic study of the World Bank on Bulgaria and analytical reviews of contemporary scientific literature to establish a modern Bulgarian platform for transfer of biotechnological know-hows to bio-based industries in the forthcoming era of bioeconomy. The results of the research are aimed at formation of comparative-analytical parameters and benchmark indicators for economic valuation of implementation of biotechnological solutions in the emerging Bulgarian circular economy, based on observations at the “Vita Plus” project. Conclusions relate to derivation of a set of recommendations for formation of a new integrated approach for creating a working model for technological transfer of University researches and solutions in real bio-based industrial production through the University platform “Vita Plus”.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MODELLING TO FOSTERING COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE BULGARIAN COSMETICS AND PERFUME INDUSTRY
Authors: Vladikov A. , Raychev P.
Published: April 2022

This material is focused on presenting some attainable modelling for establishing public-private partnerships /PPPs/ to promote competitiveness of small- and medium-sized enterprises /SMEs/ in the Bulgarian cosmetics and perfume industry. The goal is to study the market performance of SMEs in this sector and to offer successful transition to PPP with Universities and Research Centers, which concentrate investment resources to offer new biotechnological schemes for creation of new classes of cosmetics and perfumes. The research methods include a study of classical models of SME competitiveness to offer adequate models for transition to PPP to build competitive organic production in the context of the circular economy and the "Green Deal" of the EU. The results of the study are aimed at orienting SMEs to adopt ideas for investing in new biotechnological equipment and intensive partnership with public structures of the Bulgarian scientific environment - Institutes, Research Centers and Universities, as bearers of research potential for testing and implementation of new industrial solutions in the Bulgarian cosmetics and perfume industry during the programming period 2021-2027. Conclusions are related to the derivation of a body of recommendations for the application of an adequate for the Bulgarian reality model of PPP for Bulgarian SMEs in the field of cosmetics and perfume industry.
APPLICATION OF DIGITTAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
Authors: Geshkov M.
Published: April 2022

Performance appraisal is one of the most important parts in human resource management. Perormance appraisals are used when taking impornat decisions regarding employee’s work conditions, including promotions, termination, and rewards. Developmental uses of appraisal, which are geared toward improving employees’ performance and strengthening their job skills, include providing feedback, counseling employees on effective work behaviors, and offering them training and other learning opportunities. If done effectively, performance appraisal can be the key to developing employees and improving their performance. How do modern digital technologies apply to the process of performance appraisal? To answer this question is the purpose of our report. It will be organized as follows: Introduction, Chapter I – Measuring Performance, Chapter II - Application of Modern Digital Technologies in Conducting Performance Appraisal, Conclusion.
Extraction method optimization and the seasonal effect in the biological activities and phenolic compounds of Brazilian green propolis
Authors: Santini Amanda Tristão , Silva Carolina Lima , Galera Flávia Apolinário , Santini Paula Tristão , Martins Edivaldo Aparecido Nunes , Ikegaki Masaharu , Ribeiro Ingridy Simone
Published: April 2022

Propolis has been considered a resinous substance with a complex chemical composition that is collected from several plant species by Apis mellifera bees, and used by man as an alternative to the healing of diseases and to keep a good health. The chemical composition of propolis is related to the biodiversity of the region visited by the bees and also to the season of collection. This research purpose was to optimize the production methodology of propolis’ ethanol extract production and to evaluate the effect of seasonality in the chemical composition and biological activities of this product. Propolis’ samples were collected from the apiary at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho and were used to make ethanol extracts. In the optimization stage, different ethanolic solution concentration, extraction method and drying temperatures were used. For the analysis of the seasonal effect, propolis was collected from the same place in different seasons. The results showed that the 80% ethanolic solution, the extraction temperature of 70oC and drying at 45oC were the ones that stood out the most. Regarding the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and biological activities of propolis, it is clear that there are differences between the propolis collected in different seasons.
High resolution, in-situ studies of seawater carbonate chemistry and carbon cycling in coastal systems using CHANnelized Optical System II
Authors:   , Ringham Mallory C.
Published: April 2022

Study of the marine CO2 system is critical for understanding global carbon cycling and the impacts of changing ocean chemistry on marine ecosystems. This thesis describes the development of a near-continuous, in-situ dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sensor, CHANnelized Optical System (CHANOS) II, suitable for deployment from both mobile and stationary platforms. The system delivers DIC measurements with an accuracy of 2.9 (laboratory) or 9.0 (field) μmol kg-1, at a precision of ~4.9-5.5 μmol kg-1. Time-series field deployments in the Pocasset River, MA, revealed seasonal and episodic biogeochemical shifts in DIC, including two different responses to tropical storm and nor’easter systems. Towed surface mapping deployments across Waquoit Bay, MA, highlighted the export of DIC from salt marshes through tidal water. High resolution (<100 m) data collected during ROV deployments over deep coral mounds on the West Florida Slope revealed a much wider DIC range (~1900 – 2900 μmol kg-1) across seafloor and coral habitats than was observed through the few bottle samples collected during the dives (n = 5, 2190.9 ± 1.0 μmol kg-1). These deployments highlight the need to investigate deep sea biogeochemistry at high spatial scales in order to understand the range of environmental variation encountered by benthic communities.
Jet Makers
Authors: Bright Charles D.
Published: April 2022

This volume presents the history of the American jet aircraft manufacturing industry from World War II to 1972, documenting the evolution of its technology and covering the intricacies of its management, economics, and relations with the government. A valuable contribution to general aviation history, it also provides a unique opportunity to study the dynamic of a major U.S. industry.

Charles D. Bright traces the momentous revolution of the aerospace era from birth to maturity, using as a base the jet aircraft industry. He investigates all significant aspects: the coming-of-age of aviation during World War II, including global transportation and aerodynamics; the development of jets and missiles from the Truman era to the Vietnam War; the controlling influence of national military strategy; the U.S. Air Force and other government markets; the mechanics of government procurement—bidding, pricing, buying; difficulties in the commercial airliner business; the ordering of technology and the prevailing “design or die” philosophy; and different systems of production through the years.

Special attention is given to major problems such as the industry’s need for diversification and the skyrocketing costs that threaten to make aerospace products uneconomical. The conventional economic concerns of entry into and exit from the industry are treated in depth.

Bright focuses on the overall economic pattern, from the first demand for aerospace machines for military, space, and commercial uses to the failures of recent times as the industry entered recession and peacetime equilibrium. He tells of the desperate competition among giants of the industry, those companies on the frontiers of technology that manufactured fixed-wing aircraft of their own design. This is the group that bore the brunt of adaptation to the jet age: Boeing, Curtiss-Wright, Douglas, Fairchild, General Dynamics, Grumman, Lockheed, martin, McDonnell, North American Northrop, and Republic.

Central to the story are the reasons for Americas leadership in the jet age: enterprising business managers, scientists, and engineers; the pressure of economics; and manifold competition brought on by economics; and manifold competition brought on by the cold war. Bright points to an industry that has responded to incredible demands and that has shown the strength to weather storms.

This volume is illustrated with fifty-five photographs depicting the growth in aircraft technology from 1945 to 1972. As a unique blend of aeronautic, economic, business, and military history, it will fascinate not only those connected with aviation and the aerospace industry, but also those interested in the history of technology, business management, and government-military-business relations.

The Jet Makers received Honorable Mention in the 1977 History Manuscript award competition of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
The Cattle Guard
Authors: Hoy James F.
Published: April 2022

With this study the cattle guard joins the sod house, the windmill, and barbed wire as a symbol of range country on the American Great Plains. A U.S. folk innovation now in use throughout the world, the cattle guard functions as both a gate and a fence: it keeps livestock from crossing, but allows automobiles and people to cross freely. The author blends traditional history and folklore to trace the origins of the cattle guard and to describe how, in true folk fashion, the device in its simplest form—wooden poles or logs spaced in parallel fashion over a pit in the roadway—was reinvented and adapted throughout livestock country.

Hoy traces the origins of the cattle guard to flat stone stiles unique to Cornwall, England, then through the railroad cattle guard, in use in this country as early as 1836, and finally to the Great Plains where, probably in 1905, the first ones appeared on roads. He describes regional variations in cattle guards and details unusual types. He provides information on cattle-guard makers, who range from local blacksmiths and welders to farmers and ranchers to large manufacturers.

In addition to documenting the economic and cultural significance of the cattle guard, this volume reveals much about early twentieth-century farm and ranch life. It will be of interest not only to folklorists and historians of agriculture and Western America, but also to many Plains-area farmers, ranchers, and oilmen.
Особенности формирования программы производственного контроля для корпоративных организаций
Authors: Коробейникова Лариса Сергеевна , Черкасова Кристина Александровна
Published: April 2022

Цель: разработка положений программы производственного контроля направлено на повышение эффективности корпоративной организации в условиях роста влияния внешних и внутренних угроз бизнессреды ее функционирования для достижения условий непрерывности деятельности. Обсуждения: в настоящее время для повышения эффективности осуществления производственных процессов во всех корпоративных организациях необходим своевременный контроль, обеспечивающий рациональное использование материальных, трудовых и финансовых ресурсов. В условиях производственной деятельности контроль может носить правовой или административный характер; в условиях цифровизации экономики большое значение приобретают технический, экономический виды контроля; экономические субъекты в практике контрольной деятельности используют экономический и общехозяйственный виды контроля. В ходе исследования раскрыта сущность контроля как вида деятельности, направленного на снижение рисков; сформулированы требования, предъявляемые к контролю, как к виду управленческой деятельности; обоснованы объекты производственного контроля, к которым отнесены производственные, общественные помещения, здания, сооружения, санитарно-защитные зоны, зоны санитарной охраны, оборудование, транспорт, технологическое оборудование, технологические процессы, рабочие места, используемые для выполнения работ, оказания услуг, а также сырье, полуфабрикаты, готовая продукция. Результаты: предложенные рекомендации по разработке основных положений программы производственного контроля способствуют созданию эффективной системы контроля на основе интеграции контрольных процедур во все процессы деятельности корпоративной организации, распределения ответственности между участниками бизнес-процессов за эффективность применения контрольных процедур и постоянный мониторинг их реализации, что позволит достичь поставленных стратегических целей в условиях долгосрочного функционирования корпоративной организации.
Модели с марковскими переключениями в анализе влияния кризисных явлений на динамику биткоина
Authors: Коротких Вячеслав Владимирович , Кириллова Ирина Сергеевна
Published: April 2022

Цель: анализ циклических явлений в динамике биткоина с использованием модели с переключениями режимов. Обсуждение: виртуальная валюта, созданная с применением технологий асимметричного шифрования, начала свое развитие и распространение в мировой практике как новый вид денег с 2010 г. К настоящему моменту времени на рынке насчитывается уже более 7 тыс. виртуальных валют. Ценовая динамика виртуальных валют включает черты как традиционных финансовых инструментов, так и валютных активов. Результаты: установлено, что вне зависимости от рассматриваемых временных интервалов в динамике доходности биткоина наблюдаются два устойчивых режима, соответствующих состояниям умеренной и высокой волатильности. В состоянии умеренной волатильности рынок биткоина пребывал большую часть времени в период с 2014 по 2021 г. Событийный анализ показал, что практически все крупные обвалы на рынке криптовалют происходили в периоды, когда рынок находился в состоянии умеренной волатильности. В объяснение смены режимов значительный вклад вносят индекс доллара и цена золота, рост которых обуславливает переход в режим умеренной волатильности. Неопределенность экономической политики Китая способствует переходу рынка в режим высокой волатильности, для которого в то же время характерна и более высокая доходность.
Оценка продуктивности зернового производства Юга России методами нелинейной динамики
Authors: Кумратова Альфира Менлигуловна , Алещенко Виталий Викторович
Published: April 2022

Цель: в настоящей статье представлена оценка согласованности прогнозов метеофакторов с прогнозами показателей продуктивности зернового производства на базе вычисленного коэффициента конкордации Кендалла, который позволяет системно учитывать все разнообразие воздействующих метеофакторов, используя взаимнодополняющие методы и подходы к прогнозированию продуктивности зернового производства. Обсуждение: предложенные и апробированные авторами методы нелинейной динамики представлены в виде синергетического подхода, учитывающего циклический характер и современную волатильность протекания природных процессов и явлений, влияющих на экономические показатели продуктивности зернового производства регионов России. Результаты: предложенный подход агрегирует расчёты прогнозных моделей метеофакторов с помощью кластерного анализа, определяет степень их согласованности с прогнозами показателей продуктивности зернового производства.
Обеспечение надежности бизнес-процессов высокотехнологичных промышленный предприятий в условиях цифровой трансформации
Authors: Щёголева Татьяна Васильевна
Published: April 2022

Цель: обоснование применения методологий функционального анализа и анализа видов и последствий критичности отказов (АВПКО/FMECA) для обеспечения надежности бизнес-процессов высокотехнологичных промышленных предприятий в условиях цифровой трансформации. Обсуждение: основываясь на экосистемном подходе и по аналогии с техническими системами, можно сделать предположение, что основными свойствами бизнес-процессов экосистем высокотехнологичных промышленных предприятий являются надежность, экономичность и безопасность, из чего следует, что в качестве методов обеспечения надежности таких бизнес-процессов необходимо рассматривать методы теории надежности в технических системах, оптимизационные методы и методы теории управления рисками. Результаты: автором обоснована методика обеспечения надежности бизнес-процессов высокотехнологичных промышленных предприятий, позволяющая их идентифицировать в соответствии с уровнем критичности отказа в работе бизнес-процессов и вероятностью его возникновения и разработать рекомендации, направленные на достижение заданного уровня надежности бизнес-процессов с максимальной экономической эффективностью.
Эффективность кооперативных обществ в изменяющихся экономических системах: институциональный анализ
Authors: Воронин Валерий Павлович , Закшевская Елена Васильевна , Королева Ольга Вячеславовна
Published: April 2022

Цель: выявить влияние изменяющихся экономических систем и их институтов на эффективность деятельности кооперативных обществ в различных условиях и определить сегмент дополнительной информации, необходимой при разработке стратегических планов развития. Обсуждения: авторы выделяют две конкретные области исследований влияния на эффективность кооперативных обществ: текущую (доминирующую) экономическую систему национальной экономики и институциональную среду, сформированную в ней государством и обществом как внешнюю, так и внутреннюю. Изменение экономических систем ведет к обновлению их институтов, в первую очередь институтов собственности. Это подразумевает необходимость дополнить анализ важным сегментом, которому в настоящее время уделяется недостаточно внимания, – анализом внутренней и внешней институциональной среды кооперативных организаций и разработкой на этой основе соответствующих мер по стимулированию или сдерживанию существующих тенденций как со стороны государства, так и со стороны хозяйствующих субъектов. Результаты: показано, что опыт, накопленный в предыдущих экономических системах при формировании институциональной среды, нуждается в развитии в научно-методическом обеспечении стратегического анализа и его гибком использовании в современных условиях деятельности кооперативных обществ. Перспективным методом решения этой проблемы является расширение сферы стратегического анализа на сегмент институциональной среды, внутренней и внешней, которые определяют определенные формы стимулирования совместной деятельности государства и хозяйствующих субъектов.
Keller (K) Optimized Medium for Culturing Microalgae v1
Authors: Culture Collection Roscoff , Doran Lynn , J Burgess Steven
Published: April 2022

Medium to growmost phytoplankton species insmall eukaryotes (Mamiellophyceae, Pelagophyceae etc...). Optimized for Ostreococcus tauri. Keller Optimized Medium was developed by Smallwood et al. (https://doi.org/10.1101/291211) which includes additions of 17 mM sodium nitrate and 0.37 mM NaH2PO4
[RETRACTED] Trim Life Keto Reviews : Real Or Hoax [2022 Customer Real Reports] v1
Authors: not provided healtpislas
Published: April 2022

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Authors: A H
Published: April 2022

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Purification of cytosolic fraction and quantification of mtDNA by qPCR v1
Authors: Hancock-Cerutti Will , Wu Zheng , S. Shadel Gerald , De Camilli Pietro
Published: April 2022

This protocol describes the purification of a cytosolic fraction depleted of membrane from cultured cells, and the quantification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in this fraction by qPCR.
[RETRACTED] Younabis CBD Gummies Reviews : (Shocking!) Does Younabis Gummies Really Works? v1
Authors: not provided officialdouglaskelly
Published: April 2022

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[RETRACTED] Lifestyle Keto Pills Reviews 2022 - The Lifestyle Keto Diet Gets You In Ketosis Fast So You Can Lose Weight v1
Authors: not provided health
Published: April 2022

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Vortex dynamics of junction flows
Authors:   Institute of hydrodynamics of NAS of Ukraine, Voskoboinick V. A. , Voskoboinyk O. A. ,   Institute of hydrodynamics of NAS of Ukraine, Tereshchenko L. M. ,   Institute of hydrodynamics of NAS of Ukraine, Voskobiinyk A. V. ,   Institute of hydrodynamics of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2022

Group constructions of bluff bodies are widely used in bridge construction practice. The junction flows of such structures are characterized by considerable complexity, nonstationarity and instability. In the vicinity of bluff bodies, systems of horseshoe vortex structures, shear layers, separated regions, jet flows, wake vortices and vortex Karman’s streets are formed. The study of the features of the generation and evolution of vortex and jet flows, the mechanisms of interaction of these flows with streamlined surfaces requires considerable effort during numerical and physical modeling. The purpose of the work is to determine the features of vortex and jet flow in the region of junction of three-row pile grillage with a rigid flat surface. Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory conditions in a hydrodynamic channel, where the three-row group of cylinders was installed on the hydraulically smooth rigid surface. Visual investigations and measurements of the velocity field were carried out inside and around the three-row grillage. The features of the formation and evolution of vortex and jet flows inside and near the cylindrical group were established. Integral and spectral characteristics of the velocity fluctuation field were obtained.
Towards the analysis of stress relaxation in thin-walled cylindrical shells made of linear viscoelastic materials
Authors:   S.P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics NAS Ukraine, Golub V. P.
Published: April 2022

The problems of stress relaxation analysis in thin-walled cylindrical shells made of linear viscoelastic materials under uniaxial and biaxial loading have been solved. The analysis is based on a there-dimensional model of viscoelasticity starting from the hypothesis of the deviators proportionality. The viscoelastic properties of a material are given with relationships that establish the dependence between stress and strain intensities as well as between the mean stress and volumetric strain by the Bolzmann-Volterra type equation. The kernels of relaxation intensity and volumetric relaxation are given with the Rabotnov exponential-fractional functions. The parameters of relaxation kernels are determined from creep test result using the relationships between creep kernels under the complex stress state and creep kernels under the one- dimensional stress state. The problems of the analysis of normal and tangential stresses relaxation in thin-walled cylindrical shells made of high density polyethylene “ПЭВП” under uniaxial tension, pure torsion and combined tension with torsion loading have been solved and experimentally approved.
CONCRETIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AS A DIRECTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF JUDICIAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Doiar Yevhenii
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the article is to provide specific and illustrative examples of concretization of theprinciples of administrative law in judicial application of law and determine its importance forimproving the system of public administration.MethodsThe methodological basis of the article is, in particular, the dialectical method, which made itpossible to consider the practice of judicial concretization of the principles of administrative lawin connection with the development of public administration. The dogmatic method was used indetermining the content of the concretization of law as a theoretical concept, while the formallegalmethod has become a tool for elaborating the case-law reflecting standards of understandingand application of the principles of administrative law.ResultsIt was found that, interpreting the principles of the rule of law and good governance,administrative courts have consistently adhered to and promoted among public authoritiesthe principle of superiority of the essense over the form and the inadmissibility of excessiveformalism in the activities and decisions of public authorities and administrative courts, whichprecludes absolutization of formal legal requirements. Also, significant practical value is inherentin the established in judicial practice concerning: (a) the presumption of validity of documentssubmitted by an individual with his application to the administrative body; (b) presumption ofgood faith of pubic authorities in the exercise of their powers; (c) the duty of civil servants to showsufficient attention and care in the performance of their duties and the inadmissibility of shiftingresponsibility to private persons for the mistakes and omissions of public authorities; (d) theobligation of public authorities to apply the approach that is most favorable to the individual inthe event of ambiguity or possibility of multiple interpretations; (e) the principle of binding publicauthorities with their published official non-normative clarifications and legality of actions ofnatural nad legal persons with reliance on these documents; (f) the principle of inadmissibilityof bringing a person to administrative responsibility twice for the same offense, regardless of theclassification of the relevant sanctions, provided they all lie within the plane of administrative law.ConclusionsThe author concludes that concretisation of principles of administrative law through inferringsubstantive and procedural standards of public administration from them while defining administrative practices incompatible with these standards is of vital importance for publicadministration. This ensures the functioning of the principles of administrative law not only asa value foundation for law, but also as a practical regulatory tool for and a concrete basis fordetermination of rights and duties of parties to particular administrative-legal relations.
REGISTRATION AND AUTHORIZATION PROCEDURES IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL TOURISM
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Teremetskyi Vladyslav , Podzirov Andrii ,   Lutskyi City District Court of the Volyn Region
Published: April 2022

The article is focused on studying such means of administrative and legal guaranteeing as registration and authorization procedures. The purpose of the article is to provide characteristics to authorization and registration procedures as type of administrative and legal means to guarantee the development of medical tourism on the basis of the analysis of the current legislation in the field of medical tourism. The objective of the scientific research is to prepare recommendations for further improvement of the current legislation on the researched issue in the tourist and health care sectors. To achieve scientific objectivity the author has used both general and special legal research methods; the methodological basis of which was universal dialectical methods used to reveal the nature and content of authorization and registration procedures as administrative and legal means of guaranteeing the development of medical tourism. The current regulatory legal acts regulating authorization and registration procedures in the field of tourism operations and health care sector related to medical tourism have been analyzed. It has been stated that the current legislation in the field of tourism operations and health care, regulating authorization and registration procedures, requires further improvement in order to ensure the efficient development of medical tourism, the effective attraction of investment in this area. Thus, the legislation on licensing activities in the field of medical tourism should be improved due to the peculiarities and specifics of medical services as an element of the tourist product, because the activities of travel agents under the current Ukrainian legislation are not subject to licensing, as well as the operations of the companies that are providers of medical services, where licensing of travel agencies’ operations is carried out without taking into account the peculiarities of medical tourism in terms of the content of this activity. Taking into account the conflicting provisions of the current legislation regarding the nature of accreditation of health care institutions, the author has offered to establish their mandatory accreditation at the legislative level, taking into account the risk of medical activities for health and life of consumers of health care services and in order to have real quality staffing, logistical and organizational provision of such services. Visa-requiring procedures need to be simplified in order to ensure the effective development of inbound medical tourism. The formation of the Unified Information Register of Medical Institutions (national and foreign), which have agreements (concluded agreements) in the field of medical tourism acquires special significance among registration procedures.
Kolombiya – FARC Barış Görüşmelerinde Katılımcılığın Rolü: Kadınlar, Kurbanlar ve Ordu
Authors: Baysal Başar
Published: April 2022

Kolombiya-FARC arasında 2012 – 2016 yılları arasında gerçekleşen Havana Barış Görüşmeleri birçok açıdan önemli dersler içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, ilgili sürecin katılımcılık normu üzerinden değerlendirmesi amaçlamaktadır. Katılımcılık kapsamında genel bir değerlendirmenin de yapıldığı çalışmada özellikle dikey doğrudan katılımcılık kapsamında sürece dahil olan kadınlar, çatışma mağdurları ve ordu konuları analiz edilmiştir. Bu seviyede ilk defa bir barış sürecine dahil olan bu grupların hem temsilcilerinin seçilmesi ve sürece dahil olma süreçleri, hem de sürece sağladıkları katkı önemli dersler barındırmaktadır. Kadınların katılımı sayesinde çatışma sürecindeki cinsel saldırılar af kapsamı dışına alınırken, toprak dağıtımı gibi hususlarda kadınlara öncelikler sağlanmıştır. Çatışma mağdurları sürece doğrudan dahil edilerek mağduriyetlerinin resmen tanınması sağlanmış ve bu kişilere tazminat ve koruma garantisi gibi haklar sağlanabilmiştir. Son olarak ordunun sürece katılımı ile FARC üyelerinin silah bırakma süreci ve toplanma bölgelerine güvenli şekilde ulaşmaları gibi teknik meseleler sorunsuz şekilde uygulanabilmiştir.
Transformation of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy After 2014 Regarding Ukraine Crisis
Authors: Erciyas Ahmet , Soydemir Abdullah
Published: April 2022

This research aims at analysing the nature and transformation of the European Union Common Security and Defence Policy since 2014. Having been founded in the post-Cold War peace environment, the Common Security and Defence Policy had an expeditionary characteristic compatible with the European Union’s soft/normative power. However, this peaceful security environment changed after the Ukraine Crisis in 2014. With new security parameters, the transformation of the Common Security and Defence Policy needs to be analysed in an academic context. In this regard, the research question of the article has been conceptualized as “To what extend has post-Ukraine Crisis security perception affected Common Security and Defence Policy transformation?”. There are two main findings of this research. First, the characteristics of the Common Security and Defence Policy have evolved from being expeditionary to being territorial/collective defence in nature. Second, the fragmentation in the European Union is deepening in terms of defence and security policies. This research suggests that the likely outcome is that the European Union will choose to conform to the United States’ NATO policies in order to deter the Russian Federation
Ruanda Soykırımı’nın Uluslararası Hukuktaki Soykırım Tanımı Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Başer Selin
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın konusu, Ruanda Soykırımı’nın uluslararası hukuktaki soykırım suçu kapsamında değerlendirilmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu değerlendirme, soykırım suçunun uluslararası hukuktaki tanımında yer alan unsurların, Ruanda Soykırımı’nda ne şekilde somutlaştığını ortaya koymak suretiyle yapılmıştır. Tutsi etnik grubunu hedef alan Ruanda Soykırımı, yakın tarihin en çarpıcı ve yıkıcı şiddet olaylarından biridir. Soykırım olayları sırasında, çoğunluğu Tutsi grubuna mensup olan pek çok kişi katledildiği gibi, fiziksel şiddet, işkence ve tecavüz gibi, suç tanımında belirtilen diğer ihlâllerin örnekleri de fazlaca yaşanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Ruanda Soykırımı, soykırım suçunun çerçevesinin çizilebilmesi bakımından çok çeşitli örnek olayları ihtiva etmektedir. Bu suça ilişkin hukuki çerçevenin doğru şekilde çizilmesi, gerekli hukuki mekanizmaların işletilebilmesi ve suçluların en ağır şekilde cezalandırılabilmesi için önemli bir başlangıç noktasıdır. Diğer yandan, insanlığın temel değerlerini derinden zedeleyen bu en ağır suç ile etkin şekilde mücadele edilebilmesi için, konunun yalnızca uluslararası hukuk perspektifinden ele alınması yeterli olmayıp, disiplinler arası bir yaklaşım şarttır.
Su Diplomasisi ve Bölgesel İşbirliği Ekseninde Mekong Nehri Havzası’nın İncelenmesi
Authors: Güntay Nükhet
Published: April 2022

Uluslararası ilişkilerde su kaynakları ile ilgili anlaşmazlıklar, geçmişten beri süregelmektedir. Aktörlerin suyu en etkili şekilde kullanma ve yönetme isteği, ek olarak suyun önemi sebebi ile odak noktası haline gelmesi günümüzde anlaşmazlıkların yoğunluğunu artırmaktadır. Devletler arasındaki bu çekişmeler, bölgesel olarak işbirliği mekanizmalarının oluşmasını engellemekte ve suyun verimli kullanımını engelleyerek çevresel sorunları da tetiklemektedir. Su kaynakları anlaşmazlığı bağlamında devletler arasındaki çatışmayı önleme ve gerginlikleri yönetme amacıyla su diplomasisi kullanılmaktadır. Su kaynakları ile ilgili bölge düzeyindeki çıkarsal çatışmalar, su diplomasisi çerçevesi kullanılarak bir işbirliği yapısının oluşturulabilmesi sorunsalı çalışmada temel olarak irdelenmektedir. Mekong Nehri ile ilgili var olan anlaşmazlıkta su diplomasisinin etkinliği, bu etkinliğin bölgesel işbirliğini geliştirmesi ve sürdürülebilirliği çalışmanın özünde tartışılmıştır.
The satisfaction of contraception in today’s female university students
Authors: West Alexandra L. , Sladyk Karen
Published: April 2022

Background: The misuse and discontinuation of contraception is becoming common. This leads to an increase of unintended sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or pregnancies. Literature showed negative side effects, relationships and insufficient healthcare access can decrease satisfaction leading to incorrect use or cessation of contraception.Methods: One hundred and one female university students were given an electronic survey to explore their feelings and opinions towards contraception.Results: Results showed there were several correlations between method of choice, pregnancy concerns, overall satisfaction, and the strengths and limitations of contraceptive use. Qualitative data showed opposing views on the strengths and limitations of providers and health insurance companies.Conclusions: The findings based on both qualitative and quantitative data showed most women endure negative experiences and side effects of contraception for the prevention of pregnancy. Future research should focus on increasing satisfaction by enhanced counselling efforts and decreasing the negative effects experienced.
Significant correlation of ischemic stroke with peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Gupta Vishal Kumar , Gupta Ajesh Chandra , Giri Richa , Palawat Sandeep Singh
Published: April 2022

Background: Atherosclerotic disease is not only increased in incidence in type 2 diabetic patients, but its course is also accelerated. Stroke is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the elderly population. The relationship between ischemic stroke and PAD (peripheral artery disease) has been poorly investigated in India. So, we studied the risk of stroke in PAD patients with type 2 diabetes. The aims and objectives of the study were to study the prevalence of PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to study the correlation of stroke in PAD patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among the 124 patients admitted with type 2 diabetes (age >25 years) from December 2019 to October 2021 in the various units of department of medicine/surgery, KPS institute, GSVM medical college, Kanpur. Color Doppler of limbs and carotid artery was done in study population. Clinical sign and symptoms, history of stroke or diagnostic investigation were used for evaluate cerebrovascular events.Results: In our study based on doppler ultrasound, the prevalence of PAD was found in 31 patients (25%) out of 124 with men having a higher prevalence (24 out of 74; 77.4%), as compared to women (7 out of 50; 22.6%) (p=0.020). The prevalence of stroke was 32.3% in PAD patients and 11.8% in non-PAD patients (p=0.009).Conclusions: By using Doppler, we found evidence of PAD in 25% of type 2 diabetics (M>F). The prevalence of stroke was 32.3% in PAD patients and 11.8% in non-PAD patients (p=0.009). PAD is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Clinician should identify a PAD patient with diabetes to elicit symptoms, complications like stroke to decrease mortality or morbidity.
Indications and complications of blood transfusion
Authors: Alsomali Dunya Y. , Ismail Amr A. , Moussa Hassan M. , Almataani Abdulhadi F. , Thabit Yaser Y. , Alghamdi Mohammed S. , Andijani Reem M. , Munajjim Fahad F. Al , Alaidarous Hussain A. , Alqahtani Turky A. , Aljurbui Nasser J.
Published: April 2022

Blood transfusion is a common procedure in the realm of medicine and surgery to treat hematological disorders such as iron and hemoglobin deficiency, during and after major surgical or invasive procedures, and in the event of trauma. However, this life saving procedure does not come without adverse complications and risks. In this review we will extensively discuss the indications of blood transfusion and the complications associated with blood transfusion. An extensive literature search was conducted in online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar to include various publications such as narrative reviews, editorials and clinical practice guidelines on the indications of blood transfusion and its associated complications. After numerous large scale clinical trials and studies, the transfusion trigger for hemoglobin has been readjusted to a lower threshold thus preventing excessive transfusions and thereby limiting complications. There are a wide range of complications and adverse events associated with blood transfusions. Non-infectious transfusion reactions can contribute to significant morbidity and mortality and occur more commonly as compared to infectious transfusion reactions. Non-infectious reactions can be immune mediated and non-immune mediated and can also be subdivided based on their timing and occurrence after transfusion as acute occurring within 24 hours of transfusion and delayed as occurring 24 hours after transfusion. Further studies are warranted to create more precision on indications of blood transfusion especially for blood components such as platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate are still undefined and need further trials to set cut-off limits to indicate transfusion.
Reactive versus prophylactic percutaneous gastrostomy: outcomes in a cohort of advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Medeiros Nuno , Pina Paulo , Larangeiro João , Oliveira Pedro
Published: April 2022

Background: Dysphagia is a common complaint in patients with oropharyngeal tumors, both due to limitations of the underlying disease and the adverse effects of medical or surgical treatments. Percutaneous gastrostomy is used to prevent malnutrition, but there is currently no consensus on the best timing for its placement (prophylactic - pPEG or reactive - rPEG). The objective of this study was to analyze differences in nutritional and survival outcomes between patients who used pPEG and rPEG.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with advanced-stage oropharyngeal neoplasm undergoing chemoradiotherapy between January 2013 and December 2020. PEG placement was performed before (prophylactic - pPEG) or after (reactive - rPEG) initiation of treatment. Relevant demographic and clinical variables were analyzed.

Results: 49 patients received PEG during the studied period (age 57.6±8.2 years; 89.8% male). Of these, 32 (65.3%) received pPEG, while 17 (34.7%) placed rPEG. Device length of stay was significantly longer in patients with the pPEG strategy (205.5 vs 159.2 days; r=0.40; p=0.03). There was no difference in weight percentage at 3 (p=0.82) and 6 (p=0.08) months. Kaplan-Meyer analysis showed no difference in survival between the two strategies (log-rank p=0.49).

Conclusions: Nutritional and survival outcomes were not statistically different between the two analyzed subgroups. PEG dependence seems to be influenced by PEG timing strategy.
Facility location for prepositioning of relief items
Authors: Saini Priyanka , Agrawal Rajat
Published: April 2022

The primary objective of this study was to determine the facility location for the prepositioning of relief items (PRI) for disaster relief. The present work was inspired by the importance of the prepositioning of relief items and the convolution that affects the determination of their location. Expert interviews were used to verify the factors for PRI identified through the literature review. A factor rating system (FRS) under the group decision-making (GDM) is suggested to establish the weights of the criteria. The interviews with decision makers showed the dissimilarity of decision opinions, thus confirming the significance of GDM. The results of the present study are imperative from the decision maker’s perspective as managerial insights have been considered. The model is constructed based on the subjective opinion of experts and can be further validated statistically. This study can be further carried out the using of another technique, such as Fuzzy-FRS, with a greater number of factors. The results of this study will be valuable for decision makers planning of facility locations for the prepositioning of relief items. The proposed FRS approach highlights the significance of using multiple decision-makers to enhance the sense of possession of an established PRI. To the best of our knowledge, a factor rating system (FRS) under group decision-making (GDM) has not been considered concurrently for one particular problem (facility location) in humanitarian logistics. This study provides an in-depth analysis of prepositioning of relief items.
Prevention and relaxation techniques for coping stress and improving employee performance
Authors: Karunakaran N , Bayavanda Chinnappa T.
Published: April 2022

Stress has been associated with major life events, daily life hassles, and changes in life. It is created by excessive environmental and internal demands that need constant effort and adjustment. Relaxation is only possible when there is complete control on mind. Once mind is controlled, happiness and peace come as a natural consequence.