bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data quality of drug-resistant tuberculosis and antiretroviral therapy electronic registers in South Africa
Authors: Jamieson Lise , Evans Denise , Berhanu Rebecca , Ismail Nazir , Aucock Samantha , Wallengren Kristina , Long Lawrence
Published: September 2019

Background To assess the quality and completeness of treatment and outcome data in the electronic tuberculosis (TB) and antiretroviral treatment (ART) registers in drug-resistant (DR-) TB patients at three treatment facilities in South Africa. Methods We did a retrospective cohort study using routinely-collected data from DR-TB registers of rifampicin resistant adults (≥18 years old), on ART, initiating DR-TB treatment between January 2012 and December 2013. We linked patient information from the DR-TB register to the ART register using patient identifiers and an algorithm based on string edit distance and date of birth. We describe data gaps and discrepancies found. Results Overall, 2,852 DR-TB patients met our inclusion criteria based on the DR-TB register data, and of these, 1,685 (59%) could be matched to the ART registers. An additional 253 patients from the DR-TB registers were found in the ART registers, having initiated ART, despite the DR-TB register indicating that they were not on ART (or this data was missing). 11% of matched patients did not have TB treatment status recorded in the ART register despite being recorded as being on TB treatment in the DR-TB register, and 78% did not have an ART start date recorded in DR-TB register despite being on ART treatment as per the ART register. 11% of matched patients had a death recorded in one register but not the other, and of those with death recorded in both, 15% of dates differed by >1 month. Conclusions The underreporting of death and the lack of ART or TB status in the electronic DR-TB and ART registers could negatively impact monitoring efforts by downplaying the state of the TB/HIV epidemic. Improved recording of these data sources, and data integration across systems, could improve the accuracy of reporting for the national HIV/ART and TB programs.
WITHDRAWN: Integration of practice nurse competencies in general practices in Belgium: a qualitative evaluation study of a postgraduate program.
Authors: Matthys Evi , Remmen Roy , Bogaert Peter Van
Published: September 2019

Background Recently, first steps were taken to educate primary care nurses in Belgium and consequently trained practice nurses have only recently been introduced in Belgian general practices. Therefore, it is unclear what the experiences of general practitioners (GPs) and trained practice nurses are concerning these new multidisciplinary collaborations. With this study we would like to report new insights in the visions and experiences of GPs and practice nurses concerning the new postgraduate education for practice nurses, the current and future roles and responsibilities taken on by practice nurses, and the experienced collaboration between GPs and practice nurses. Methods A qualitative research methodology was chosen, based on the principles of a descriptive qualitative research design. This study was conducted in primary healthcare in Belgium. Four focus group interviews were conducted. A total of twenty practice nurses and ten GPs participated. The practice nurses had followed or were currently following the postgraduate program for practice nurses, all the GPs were experienced in collaborating with a trained practice nurse. Results Four major themes could be derived from the data: practice nurses’ roles and responsibilities, importance of protocol care, consequences of the collaboration, and future opportunities and perspectives. GPs expressed the importance of education for practice nurses, in order for them to take on more responsibilities in the practices. Trained practice nurses showed more initiative towards taking on a broader range of tasks. They both expressed the importance of care protocols in support of a good multidisciplinary collaboration. The impact on the daily practice was experienced as far-reaching by GPs. While collaborating with trained practice nurses, GPs experienced the ability to provide a higher quality of care. Conclusion Both GPs and trained practice nurses have positive experiences about providing shared care in general practices. GPs were surprised by the initiative, shown by practice nurses, and by the broad range of tasks nurses took on. The impact of this collaboration on both the daily practice and the quality of patient care, is unanimously experienced as positive, even though it entails a higher workload. GPs have specific future expectations about the practice nurse education and roles.
Effects of Curriculum-Based Sexual and Reproductive health intervention on the comprehensive knowledge and attitude to condom use among first-year students in Arba Minch University: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Boti Negussie , Hussen Sultan , Shegaze Mulugeta , Shibiru Simion , shibiru Tamiru , Zerihun Eshetu , Godana Wanzahun , Abebe Sintayehu , Gebretsadik Woyinshet , Desalegn Nathan , Temtime Zebene
Published: September 2019

Objective: To assess the effect of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health intervention on the comprehensive knowledge and attitude to condom use among first-year students at Arba Minch University. Results: A total of 832 students participated at a baseline, and 820 students participated at posttest. This study found that there was a significant effect on changing students’ knowledge and attitude towards a condom. In the intervention group, the students’ average change of comprehensive condom knowledge score was 0.229 higher than the average score of student’ in the control group (ATE=0.229, 95% CI, 0.132 to 0.328; p < 0.001). The average change of attitude toward condom score of students’ in the intervention group was 1.834 higher than the average change score of students’ in control group (ATE=1.834, 95% CI, 1.195 to 2.772; p < 0.001).This study provides further evidence on the effect of the curriculum-based comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education effective in terms of knowledge and attitude towards a condom. Therefore, this education intervention should be strengthening the implementation of the control and prevent youths from HIV/AIDS and unintended pregnancy.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors, immune status and prognosis of secondary infection of sepsis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Yao , Hu Yanyan , Zhang Jin , Shen Yue , Huang Junling , Yin Jun , Wang Ping , Fan Ying , Wang Jianli , Lu Su , Yang Yilin , Yan Lei , Li Keyong , Song Zhenju , Tong Chaoyang , Du Shilin
Published: September 2019

Background: Secondary infection has a higher incidence in septic patients and affects clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, immune status and prognosis of secondary infection of sepsis.

Methods: A four-year retrospective study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, enrolling septic patients admitted between January, 2014 and January, 2018. Clinical data were acquired from medical records. CD14+ monocyte human leukocyte antigen-D related (HLA-DR) expression and serum cytokines levels were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively.

Results: A total of 297 septic patients were enrolled, 92 of whom developed 150 cases of secondary infections. Respiratory tract was the most common site of secondary infection (n = 84, 56%) and Acinetobacter baumanii the most commonly isolated pathogen (n = 40, 31%). Urinary and deep venous catheterization increased the risk of secondary infection. Lower HLA-DR expression and elevated IL-10 level were found in secondary infection group. The expected prolonged in-hospital stay owing to secondary infection was 4.63 ± 1.87 days . Secondary infection was also associated with higher in-hospital, 30-day and 90-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test revealed that secondary infection group had worse survival between day 15 and day 90.

Conclusions: Urinary and deep venous catheter indwelling increased the risk of developing secondary infection, in which underlying immunosuppression also played a role. Secondary infection affected outcomes of septic patients and prolonged in-hospital length of stay.
Characterization and Fine Mapping of a Leaf Wilt Mutant, m3, Induced by Heavy Ion Irradiation of Rice
Authors: Peng Xin , Luo Lixin , Cui Huan , Wang Hui , Guo Tao , Liu Yongzhu , Wang Jiafeng , Huang Ming , Yang Guili , Chen Zhiqiang , Xiao Wuming
Published: September 2019

A rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant, named m3, was isolated from a population of the M2 generation derived from an indica accession, BBS, where the seeds of BBS were treated with carbon ion irradiation at a dosage of 100 Gy to produce mutants. The m3 mutant is primarily characterized by the production of abnormal wilted leaves by appearance on the main stem, and additional tillers at the 9‐leaf stage. This abnormal leaf‐wilt phenotype is temporary, persisting only to the 13‐leaf stage, after which subsequent new leaves on the main stem and tiller appear normal. The phenotypic change of m3 during the 9‐ and 13‐leaf growth stages was further confirmed at physiological and biochemical levels. Additionally, compared with the wild type (WT, BBS), the heading date of m3 was noticeably delayed. The numbers of grains per panicle were lower by 32.44% than that of the WT. Moreover, plant height, width of flag leaf, panicle weight per plant, panicle length, and seed‐setting rate of m3 were considerably lower than those of the WT. Our genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype of m3 was controlled by a single recessive gene, designated m3(g). We used recessive F2 individuals and mapped the m3(g) locus to a 3824‐kb region near the centromere of chromosome 11. We also performed a MutMap approach to refine the m3(g) locus to a 1030‐kb region comprising 115 genes, but six genes show nonsynonymous mutations. This study provides essential information for the cloning of the m3(g) gene and demonstrates that the MutMap approach is powerful enough to map a target gene that is located in centromeric regions.
Modeling Interflow under the Influence of Plough Pans for a Sloping Field
Authors: Wencai Dong , Fangfei Cai , Quanjiu Wang , Qiang Fu , Weiyu Shi , Likun Wang
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

The soil water content profile is proved and found when interflow occurs.

The function of the main factors on interflow is revealed.

The kinematic wave model is modified to suit the study area.

Plough pans in sloping fields promote interflow. Plough pans are common in sloping fields in the black soil region of northeastern China. The mechanism of interflow differs between sloping fields in this area and other areas. Models for simulating interflow in sloping fields therefore need to be modified. We propose a mechanism of interflow under the influence of plow pans in sloping fields in the black soil region of northeastern China that extends the kinematic wave model to this area with slight modifications. Field and laboratory experiments were performed to assess the accuracy of the new model predictions. The results demonstrate that the interflow profile exists in the experimental land. The slope gradient has little effect on the interflow occurrence time, but the maximum interflow rate increases with increasing slope gradient. The higher the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the earlier the occurrence of interflow and the greater interflow volume per minute. Rainfall intensity affects the time of interflow occurrence and but does not affect the size of the maximum interflow per minute. In the stage of interflow rising, only the lower layer of the two saturated layers above the plow pan generates the interflow. At the stage of interflow withdraw, interflow is generated only in the saturated layer above the plow pan. The model simulated data, which were consistent with the experimental data, suggest that the refined model captured the temporal behavior of interflow for the study area.
GENÔMICA NUTRICIONAL
Authors: Fournier Tristan , Poulain Jean-Pierre , Jacob Michelle
Published: September 2019

Este artigo investiga, a partir de uma perspectiva sociológica, a emergência da genômica nutricional, um campo de pesquisa que surgiu do Projeto Genoma Humano, cujo objetivo é renovar o diagnóstico, a prevenção e o manejo de patologias crônicas relacionadas à alimentação. Nesta abordagem, a identificação precisa de fatores de risco genéticos e epigenéticos no nível individual pode culminar no desenvolvimento de uma nutrição personalizada. Por isso, é frequentemente apresentada como uma revolução científica. A primeira parte do artigo define esse campo de pesquisa discutindo suas principais questões científicas e apresentando suas aplicações médicas que consistem em: biotecnologia disponível no mercado na última década (via testes nutrigenéticos), bem como um programa de saúde pública (a iniciativa “Primeiros 1000 dias”). Em seguida, foca em suas consequências sociais, éticas e políticas, visto que pode provocar novas formas de responsabilidade nas escalas individual, intergeracional e política, além de estimular a medicalização da alimentação e, consequentemente, sua individualização. Finalmente, o artigo procura compreender em que medida as relações alimentação-saúde no campo da genômica nutricional podem ser melhor analisadas a partir de uma abordagem que religue as ciências sociais, biomédicas e da vida.

Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente. Epigenética. Saúde Pública. Pesquisa Interdisciplinar. Nutrigenômica.
REFLEXÕES QUANTO A EFETIVIDADE DAS REGIÕES GEOGRÁFICAS IMEDIATAS DA MATA SUL DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Barbosa Gustavo Souza
Published: September 2019

O texto visa analisar a efetividade dos recortes regionais mais recentes delimitados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, IBGE, para a Zona da Mata Sul de Pernambuco. Como objetivos específicos busca-se registrar os diferentes recortes regionais propostos pelo órgão ao longo do tempo e sua metodologia; descrever a Mata Sul e suas diferentes regionalizações; identificar as relações entre os centros urbanos regionais; e inventariar a presença de órgãos governamentais, estabelecimentos de saúde e de educação básica e empresas nas Regiões Imediatas delimitadas. Parte-se da hipótese que nem todas as Regiões Geográficas Imediatas da Mata Sul efetivamente se constituem como tal. A partir da análise documental em estudos do IBGE e coleta de dados em sites governamentais conclui-se que algumas Regiões Imediatas delimitadas não satisfazem os critérios estabelecidos, sendo necessária sua revisão.
Multi-objective Design Optimization of Microdisk Resonator
Authors: Sutagundar M. , Sheeparamatti B.G. , Jangamshetti D.S.
Published: September 2019

Objective:

This paper presents a multi-objective design optimization of MEMS disk
resonator using two techniques.

Methods:

Determining the optimized dimensions of disk resonator for a particular resonance frequency
so as to achieve higher quality factor and lower motional resistance is attempted. One
technique used is constraint-based multi-objective optimization using the interior-point algorithm.
The second technique is based on multi-objective genetic algorithm.

Results:

The algorithms are implemented using MATLAB. The two techniques of optimization are
compared.

Conclusion:

The developed optimization methods can provide faster design optimization compared
to full-wave simulators resulting in significant reduction of design time.
Two-phase Motion in Hydrodynamic Counter-current Chromatography
Authors: Ito Yoichiro
Published: September 2019

Background:

Motion of the two mutually immiscible liquids in hydrodynamic countercurrent
chromatographic systems is speculated based on the observation of their behavior in a
closed coiled tube rotating in unit gravity.

Materials and Methods:

The experiment revealed an up and down pattern of four stages of twophase
volume ratio occupied at the head end of the coil according to the rotation speed. These
two-phase behaviors are comprehensively explained on the bases of interplay between the unit
gravity and centrifugal force generated by rotation of the coil. This theory is successfully extended
to explain the two-phase behavior in a coil undergoing the type-I and type-J planetary motions.

Results and Discussion:

The type-I planetary motion produces the centrifugal force distribution
similar to that of slowly rotating coil in unit gravity (Stage I), where both phases competitively
move toward the head of the coil. In contrast, the type-J planetary motion displays complex distribution
patterns of centrifugal force according to the location of the coil on the holder hence the
two-phase motion varies with the ß values. When ß is 0.5 – 0.75, the force pattern simulates that
of the rotating coil in unit gravity at 120 rpm (Stage III) where the lighter phase moves toward the
head leaving the heavier phase behind.

Conclusion:

This clearly demonstrates the importance of the proper choice of ß values in highspeed
countercurrent chromatography utilizing the type-J planetary motion.
Reverse Nearest Neighbors Query of Moving Objects Based on HRNNTree
Authors: Wang Miao , Wang Xiaotong , Liu Xiaodong , Li Songyang , Li Song
Published: September 2019

Background:

Reverse nearest neighbors query is an important means to solve many practical
applications based on the concept of Influence Sets. It is widely used in various fields such as
data mining, decision support, resources allocation, knowledge discovery, data flow, bioinformatics
and so on.

Objective:

This work aims to improve time efficiency of Reverse Nearest Neighbors query of moving
objects with large data scale.

Methods:

A new spatio - temporal index HRNN-tree is developed.Then an algorithm for reverse
nearest neighbors query based on HRNN-tree is developed.

Results:

Our algorithm is superior to the existing method in execution time. The performance of our
algorithm is excellent especially for the queries with large data scale and small values of k.

Conclusion:

This study devises a new spatio - temporal index HRNN-tree. Then an algorithm for reverse
nearest neighbor search of moving objects is developed based on this index. This algorithm avoids that the
query performance deteriorates rapidly as the data space grows and has a better performance fort the large
data space. This work will be helpful to enrich and improve the abilities of intelligent analysis, mobile
computing and quantitative query based on distance for spatio - temporal database.
ELEKTROMANYETİK ALAN MARUZİYETİNİN KAS DOKUSUNDA OLUŞTURDUĞU ETKİNİN MODELLENMESİ VE ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZDİNÇ POLAT Lütfiye Nurel , ÇÖMLEKÇİ Selçuk
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada günlük hayatta maruziyetinden sakınılamayan
farklı frekanslardaki cihazların oluşturduğu elektromanyetik yayılım için kas
eşdeğer modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Günümüzde elektromanyetik alan yayan
cihazların kullanımının giderek yaygınlaşması maruz kalınan frekans ve güç
seviyelerinin çeşitliliğini artırmaktadır. Elektromanyetik dalgalar farklı
güçlerde ve farklı frekanslarda, insan vücudunda değişik etkilerde
bulunmaktadır. Bu etkiler vücutta dokuları ısıtmakta veya kimyasal yoldan
değişimlere yol açmaktadır.  Bu
çalışmada,  900 MHz ve 1800 MHz frekanslarındaki
cep telefonu, 2.45 GHz frekansındaki kablosuz haberleşme cihazlarının ve ayrıca
27.12 MHz frekansındaki tıbbi fizyoterapi tedavi cihazlarının (kısa dalga
diatermi) insan kas dokusu üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amaçlı kas eşdeğer
sıvıları oluşturulmuştur. Bu oluşturulan fantom model üzerinde elektromanyetik
maruziyetin neden olduğu ısıl değişimler ölçülmüştür.
TAM ÖLÇEK İKİ AŞAMALI KISMİ NİTRİTASYON-ANAMMOX ÜNİTESİ İÇİN MALİYET BELİRLEME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ÇELEN ERDEM İpek , DOĞAN Özgür , SAĞIR KURT Ece
Published: September 2019

Anaerobik
çürütücü bulunan arıtma tesislerinden çamur susuzlaştırma sonucu çıkan
atıksuların tesis başına geri devredilmesi tesisin azot yükünü %15-20
arttırmaktadır. Bu atıksuyun ayrı olarak enerji verimli arıtılması aktif çamur
sistemine gelecek azot yükünü önemli oranda azaltabilecektir. Günümüzde, Kısmi
Nitritasyon (KN)/Anammox (A) prosesinin uygulanması,
nitrifikasyon-denitrifikasyon gibi konvansiyonel biyolojik arıtma yöntemlerine
göre maliyet ve sürdürülebilirlik nedenleri ile daha çok tercih edilmektedir.
İSKİ Ambarlı İleri Biyolojik Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi’ne (İBAAT) ait çamur çürütücü
çıkışından, pilot ölçekli iki aşamalı KN/A prosesi kullanılarak başarı ile
azotun giderimi sağlanmıştır. Bu tesisten alınan sonuçlar kullanılarak gerçek
ölçekli tesis tasarım çalışması ve maliyet belirleme çalışmaları yapılmıştır.
Anammox prosesi ile işletilen tam ölçekli bir tesisin işletme maliyeti 3,77
TL/m3/gün, ilk yatırım maliyeti ise 2181 TL/m3/gün olarak
hesaplanmıştır. İşletme maliyetinin düşük seviyelerde olmasını sağlayan en
önemli parametreler Anammox reaktörü için yeterli olan 30 °C sıcaklık ve
oksijen ihtiyacının kısmi olmasıdır. Isıtma ihtiyacından kaynaklanan ısının
anaerobik çürütme tanklarından çıkan biyogazın kullanılması ile işletme
giderlerinin %80’ i azaltılacağı ön görülmektedir.
3 BOYUTLU YAZICI TEKNOLOJİSİ İLE BİR MİKROŞERİT YAMA ANTENİN MALİYET ETKİN ÜRETİMİ
Authors: MAHOUTI Peyman
Published: September 2019

Günümüz iletişim
sistemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan anten modellerinden biri mikroşerit yama
antendir. Mikroşerit yama antenler düzlemsel yapılara sahip olmaları nedeni ile
birçok kablosuz haberleşme uygulamasında kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu yapılar
genellikle düşük maliyetli olması için; düşük hassasiyetli, çevreye zararlı ve
sağlık riski taşıyan bakır eritme perhidrol tuz ruhu yöntemi veya maliyeti çok
daha yüksek, çevreye daha az zararlı ve daha düşük üretim hatası olan mekanik
kazıma veya lazer kesim tekniği ile üretilmektedir. Son yıllarda hızlı,
doğruluğu yüksek ve düşük maliyetli üretim işlemi için geliştirilen
yeniliklerden biri, 3 boyutlu (3B) yazıcı teknolojisidir. Bu çalışma
kapsamında, 3B yazıcı teknolojisinde en yaygın kullanılan tekniklerden biri
olan Eritilmiş Dökme Modelleme teknolojisi kullanılarak geleneksel bakır
eritme, kazıma veya lazer kesim üretim teknikleri yerine, maliyeti düşük,
hassasiyeti yüksek ve çevre dostu bir üretim tekniği sunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda tipik
bir mikroşerit yama anten modeli 3B elektromanyetik benzetim ortamı CST de
oluşturulmuştur. Tasarıma ait performans kriterleri incelendikten sonra uygun
tasarım modelinin 3B yazıcı teknolojisi ile üretimi gerçekleştirilip deneysel
sonuçlarının benzetim sonuçları ile kıyaslanması yapılmıştır. Üretilen anten
modelinin 2.45GHz frekansında geri dönüş kaybı -15 dB ve kazancı 7.1 dBi olarak
ölçülmüştür.  Böylelikle kullanımı ile
hızlı, çevre dostu, sağlığa tehdidi olmayan, ulaşılabilinir, maliyet etkin
hassasiyeti yüksek tasarımların gerçekleştirilebileceği görülmüştür.
GEZGİN SATICI PROBLEMİNİN ÇÖZÜMÜ İÇİN MACAR ALGORİTMASI ESASLI YENİ BİR ÇÖZÜM YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: KARAGÜL Kenan
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada kombinatoryal optimizasyon
alanının ünlü problemlerinden olan gezgin satıcı ve atama problemleri arasındaki
ilişkiden faydalanan yeni bir çözüm algoritması önerilmektedir. Atama
problemleri için optimal çözümü veren Macar Algoritması ile simetrik gezgin
satıcı problemi için başlangıç çözümleri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen başlangıç
çözümleri En Yakın Komşu ve 2-Opt (NNH_2-Opt) sezgiselleri kullanılarak
çözülmüştür. Önerilen yaklaşım sıklıkla kullanılan gezgin satıcı test
problemleri ile analiz edilmiş ve bilimsel yazında yer alan bazı çalışmaların
sonuçları ile kıyaslama yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, önerilen yöntemin hem çözüm
hızı hem de çözüm kalitesi bakımından kıyaslanan yöntemlere göre iyi olduğu
gösterilmiştir. Özellikle, problem boyutu büyüdükçe kıyaslanan yöntemlerin çözüm
süresi uzarken, önerilen yöntem büyük boyutlu problemler için de hızlı çözümler
sunabilmektedir.
SHAİNİN DENEY TASARIMI İLE İPLİK MUKAVEMETLERİ ÜZERİNDE ÇIKTI DEĞİŞKENLİĞİNİN AZALTILMASI
Authors: OLGUN Mehmet Onur , ÇİFTCİ Suat
Published: September 2019

Günümüzde rekabetin artması
dolayısıyla iyi ürün veya kaliteli hizmet sunmak önemli bir problem haline
gelmiştir. İşletmeler, kalite problemlerini gidermek ve müşteri memnuniyetini
sağlamak amacıyla birçok yönteme başvurmuştur. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de deney
tasarımıdır. Deney tasarımı ile parametre değerleri ile çıktı değişkeni
üzerinde değişimde azalma sağlanır. Bu çalışmada çıktı değişkenliğini azaltmaya
yönelik Shainin deney tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Uygulama iplik üretimi yapan bir
firmada yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada işletmenin   30/1 PTR olarak isimlendirdiği ipkiklerdeki çıktı
değişkenliği ele alınmıştır. İpliklerin mukavemetleri üzerindeki çıktı
değişkenliği neden olan faktörler elyaf uzunluğu, elyaf mukavemeti, büküm
miktarı olarak belirlenmiştir.
MİKRODALGA TÜMÖR ABLASYONU İÇİN HÜZME YÖNLÜLÜĞÜ YÜKSEK KOMPAKT ANTEN VE KOMPAKT ÇOK BANDLI DÜZLEMSEL ANTEN TASARIMI VE ANALİZİ
Authors: GÖRGÜN Ahmet Rıfat , ÇÖMLEKÇİ Selçuk , KAYA Adnan
Published: September 2019

Mikrodalga ablasyonu (MDA) kanserli dokuları mikrodalga enerjisini
kullanarak yok etme tekniği olarak bilinmektedir. İmplant antenler mikrodalga
ablasyonu (MDA) için uygun antenler olup, küçük yapıları ve düşük maliyetleri
ile tercih edilmektedir. Kanserli dokunun gelişimini etkin bir şekilde
baskılayabilmek için, özgül soğrulma oranı (ÖSO) ve sıcaklık dağılımı kontrol
edilebilen bu tip antenler değişik frekans ve güçlerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada mikrodalga tümör ablasyonu için CST Studio ile tasarlanan ve 2.41 GHz
de rezonans durumunda olan hüzme yönlülüğü yüksek kompakt anten ve 2.46 GHz’ de
rezonans durumunda olan kompakt çok bandlı düzlemsel anten kullanıldı. Bu
radyatör tip antenler 2.45 GHz’ de tümörlü doku karşısına yerleştirilerek
simule edildi. Hüzme yönlülüğü yüksek kompak anten için 2.41 GHz de yaptığı
ışıma sonucunda maksimum SAR değeri 8.53 W/kg 
SAR/10g olarak elde edildi ve ısı akışı 1 W için sıcaklık aralığı 37 –48℃  olarak elde edildi. Kompakt çok bandlı düzlemsel anten için
2.45 GHz de yaptığı ışıma sonucunda maksimum SAR değeri 22.5 W/kg  SAR/10g olarak elde edildi ve ısı akışı 1 W
için sıcaklık aralığı 36 –41℃ olarak elde edildi. Antenlerin analizi ile
ilgili olarak Geri dönüş kaybı
(S11), elektrik alan, yönlendiricilik
ve SAR değerleri ile
simulasyonda mikrodalga gücünün uygulanmasıyla bir eğri buyunca elde edilen
sıcaklık – uzaklık grafikleri simulasyon sonucu olarak rapor edilmiş ve
sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen simulasyon sonuçlarına göre her iki
anteninde mikrodalga ablasyonunda kullanılabileceğine dair sonuçlar elde
edilmiştir.
YARIM DÜZLEM ÜZERİNE OTURAN FONKSİYONEL DERECELENDİRİLMİŞ TABAKANIN DEĞME MEKANİĞİ
Authors: YAYLI Müjgen , YAYLACI Murat , BİRİNCİ Ahmet
Published: September 2019

Bu
çalışmada, yarım düzlem üzerine oturan ve üstten yayılı yükler ile bastırılan
fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş (FD) bir tabakanın eksenel simetrik değme
mekaniği elastisite teorisine göre ele alınmıştır. Değme yüzeyleri sürtünmesiz
olup, kütle kuvvetlerinin etkisi ihmal edilmiştir. Denge denklemlerine, bünye
denklemlerine ve şekil değiştirme-yer değiştirme bağıntılarına sınır şartları
uygulanıp problemde integral dönüşüm teknikleri kullanılarak değme
gerilmelerinin bilinmeyen olduğu integral denklemine indirgenmiştir. İntegral
denklemin sayısal çözümü, denge şartı da dikkate alınarak, Gauss-Jacobi
integrasyon formülasyonuyla gerçekleştirilmiş, değme uzunlukları ve değme
gerilmeleri bulunmuştur. Ayrıca çalışmada, yayılı yükün uygulama genişliği ve
malzeme özelliklerinin fonksiyonel değişiminin tabakada oluşacak gerilme
dağılışlarına etkisi incelenmiştir.
TÜRKİYE’NİN GÜNEY SAHİLİNDE YER ALAN DÖRT ŞEHRİN HAVA KALİTELERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TEPE Ahmet M. , DOĞAN Güray
Published: September 2019

Hava kalitesi yönetimi
kapsamında 2008 yılında başlayan Avrupa Birliği direktifleri ile uyum süreci
2019 yılı itibariyle sonlanacaktır. Bu süreçte illerimizde hava kalitesi izleme
istasyonları kurulmuş ve yönetmeliklerimiz AB direktiflerine uygun hale
getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin güney sahilinde yer alan Adana,
Antalya, Hatay ve Mersin illerinde bulunan hava kalitesi izleme
istasyonlarından alınan PM10 ve SO2 verileri karşılaştırılmıştır.
Akdeniz’e komşu olan bu iller benzer coğrafi özellikler taşımaktadırlar. Bu şehirler
evsel ısınma, motorlu taşıt emisyonları, deniz tuzu ve farklı düzeylerde de
olsa çöl tozlarından etkilenmektedirler. 2008-2016 yılları arasını kapsayan
hava kalitesi veri seti kullanılarak, illerdeki mevsimsel ve gün içi değişimler
incelenmiştir. İncelenen illerdeki sonuçlara göre dört ilimizde de yıllık
ortalama PM10 konsantrasyonlarının AB direktiflerinde verilen sınır değerlerden
yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PM10 konsantrasyonlarının kış aylarında yaz
aylarına göre istatistiksel olarak yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun kış
aylarında artan evsel ısınma kaynaklı emisyonlardan kaynaklandığı ve kış
aylarında etkili olan inversiyonun PM10 konsantrasyonlarında görülen bu
yükselmede önemli bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Gün içi değişimler
incelendiğinde ise Adana haricindeki illerde PM10 değerlerinin trafiğin yoğun
olduğu sabah ve akşam saatlerinde yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. Adana’da ise
sadece trafiğin yoğun olduğu akşam saatlerinde PM10 konsantrasyonlarının
yükseldiği görülmüştür. Bunun Adana’daki istasyonun çevresinde bulunan
fabrikaların PM10 konsantrasyonlarına olan etkisinden kaynaklandığı
belirlenmiştir.
BEYŞEHİR (KONYA) OVASININ HİDROJEOLOJİK VE HİDROJEOKİMYASAL İNCELEMESİ
Authors: ŞENER Şehnaz , TAŞTEKİN Nuri
Published: September 2019

Bu
çalışmada Beyşehir (Konya) ovasının hidrojeolojisi incelenmiş, havza
içerisindeki göl suyu ve yeraltısularının hidrojeokimyasal özellikleri
araştırılmıştır. Çalışma alanında bulunan otokton ve allokton konumlu jeolojik
birimler 1/50.000 ölçekli jeoloji haritası üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Jeolojik
birimler hidrojeolojik özellikleri bakımından geçirimli, yarı geçirimli ve
geçirimsiz birimler olarak sınıflandırılmış ve bölgenin hidrojeoloji haritası
hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma alanındaki göl ve yeraltısularının hidrojeokimyasal
özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla su örnekleri alınarak kimyasal analizleri
yapılmıştır. Bu analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bölgedeki sular,
Ca-Mg-HCO3 ve Ca-HCO3’lı su tipindedir. Analiz sonuçları
TSE-266 ve WHO tarafından belirtilen içme suyu limit değerleri ile
karşılaştırıldığında genel olarak bütün su kaynakları içilebilir özelliktedir.
Ancak bölgesel olarak As ve Fe konsantrasyonlarının limit değerlerin üzerinde
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki su kaynaklarının sulama suyu olarak ise
kullanılabilir özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir.
METEOROLOJİK KURAKLIĞIN COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ TABANLI ZAMANSAL VE KONUMSAL ANALİZİ: ÇORAK GÖLÜ HAVZASI (BURDUR-TÜRKİYE) ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞENER Erhan , ŞENER Şehnaz
Published: September 2019

Kuraklık insanlığı tehdit eden en önemli doğal
afetlerdendir. Genel olarak yağışların normal seviyelerinin altına düşmesiyle
başlayan kuraklık yüzey ve yeraltısularının miktarındaki azalmalara neden
olmaktadır. Kuraklıktan kaynaklanan olumsuz etkilerin en aza indirilmesine
yönelik çalışmalarda öncelikle kuraklığın doğru olarak tanımlanarak havza
bazında kuraklık yönetim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi gelmektedir. Bu
çalışmada Çorak Gölü Havzasındaki meteorolojik kuraklığın şiddeti ve alansal
dağılımları coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ortamında zamansal olarak
haritalandırılmıştır. Bu amaçla kullanılan standartlaştırılmış yağış indeksi
sonuçlarına göre 1970-2016 yılları arasında en kurak dönemin 1989 ve 1990
yılları, en yağışlı dönemin ise 2009 yılında yaşandığı belirlenmiştir.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAIN RELEASE MICROPARTICLES OF METOPROPROPROLOL SUCCINATE
Authors: Sen Suma Oommen , DEVBHUTI PRITESH , SEN KALYAN KUMAR , GHOSH AMITAVA
Published: September 2019

Objective: In this study, xanthan gum was oxidized by sodium periodate to form xanthan dialdehyde. This oxidized gum was used as crosslinking agent as an alternative to somewhat toxic glutaraldehyde, the basis of which is the reaction between the Schiff reagent and the aldehydes formed by periodate oxidation.

Methods: Formation of aldehyde groups were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Microparticles of metoprolol succinate were fabricated using crosslinking of a chitosan/gelatin mix system by dialdehyde Xanthan gum. The properties of the developed microparticles were investigated with swelling equilibrium studies, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), in vitro drug release studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: The in vitro drug release from these microparticles was affected by total polymer amount, oxidation reaction time and chitosan to gelatin ratio. The cumulative percent release of metoprolol succinate was observed within the range of 46 to 95% at 8 h from different formulations studied. The factors identified as significant to produce any impact on drug loading as well as drug release were both the polymer and inter actions of polymer and Xanthan gum dialdehyde.

Conclusion: The release mechanism followed the super case II model kinetics.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF QUERCETIN LOADED NANOSPONGES TOPICAL GEL: EX VIVO, PHARMACODYNAMIC AND PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES
Authors: SUJITHA Y. SARAH , MUZIB Y. INDIRA
Published: September 2019

Objective: Quercetin is therapeutically hampered because of its poor solubility. The present investigation was aimed to prepare quercetin loaded nanosponges topical gel to enhance the solubility and efficacy of the drug.

Methods: Quercetin nanosponges were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Developed nanosponges optimized by particle size, SEM, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR, DSC, P-XRD, In vitro studies. The optimized formulation of nanosponges was loaded into a topical gel and it was characterized by ex-vivo, in vivo Pharmacodynamic and kinetic studies.

Results: The particle size and zeta potential of optimized nanosponges were found to be 188.3 nm and-0.1mV. Surface morphology was studied using SEM Analysis which showed tiny sponge-like structure and entrapment efficiency was found to be 96.5 %. In vitro drug release of optimized nanosponges was found to be 98.6% for 7hours. Optimized nanosponges entrapped gel was prepared by using carbopol 934 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as gelling agents. The prepared nanogels were homogenous and ex-vivo skin permeation studies of the optimized nanosponges gel was found to be 98.1% for 5 h, quercetin loaded nanosponges has shown higher skin permeation efficiency (18.4µg/cm2±2.1) compared to pure quercetin gel. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies showed that the quercetin loaded nanosponges has shown more effective when compared to marketed formulation.

Conclusion: Quercetin loaded nanosponges gel has shown a significant increase in activity (p<0.05) compared to the marketed formulation (Voveran Emulgel).
QUANTIFICATION OF ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE IN API AND TABLETS BY NOVEL STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD: IT’S VALIDATION AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES
Authors: R. SADASHIVAIAH , G. Rohith , B. K. SATHEESHA BABU
Published: September 2019

Objective: A simple, economical, robust and stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantification of ropinirole hydrochloride in API and tablets to achieve shorter retention time, to minimize human error by avoiding the use of buffers and weighing procedure and analyze more number of samples in shorter period of time with good accuracy.

Methods: The chromatographic conditions for separation of ropinirole hydrochloride was carried out using Gemini NX C18 column (15 cm x 4.6 mm), 5 µm particle size with the mobile phase composing of methanol: acetonitrile (70:30 v/v), delivered at flow rate 0.7 ml/min and UV detection wavelength at 250 nm.

Results: The retention time was observed at 2.718 min. The system suitability results were found to be within limits. The method was precise, with lower than 2 %RSD and the calibration curve was linear (r2=1) over a concentration range of 2.5-160 µg/ml. The detection and quantification limit was found to be 0.045 µg/ml and 0.15 µg/ml, respectively. Recovery of the drug was found between 100.09-100.19%. The assay of ropinirole hydrochloride in ROPITOR® and ROPARK® tablets were found to be 100.4 and 103.60 %, respectively. The forced degradation studies were carried out to demonstrate the specificity of the method by exposing the API under conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolytic as per ICH Q1A(R2) guidelines.

Conclusion: The low coefficient of variation and agreeable recovery confirmed that the newly developed method could be employed for routine analysis of ropinirole hydrochloride in API and tablets.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF UROCARB IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: DRAPAK IRYNA , ZIMENKOVSKY BORYS , PEREKHODA LINA , KOVALENKO SERGIY , LOGOYDA LILIYA
Published: September 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a rapid, specific and sensitive method based on LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of urocarb using etomidate as an internal standard.

Methods: Chromatography was achieved on Discovery C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile-water–formic acid, 5: 95: 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile–formic acid, 100: 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B of 8%, which increases linearly to 1.0 min to 100%, is maintained up to 1.5 min and returned to the original 8% to 1.51 min. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.400 ml/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The sample volume was 4 μl.

Results: The total chromatographic run time was 2.0 min and the elution of urocarb and IS (etomidate) occurred at ~1.53 and 1.67 min, respectively. A linear response function was established at 1-100 ng/ml for urocarb and etomidate in human plasma. The % mean recovery for urocarb in LQC, MQC and HQC was 104.1 %, 100.0 % and 97.4 %. The lowest concentration with the RSD<20% was taken as LLOQ and was found to be 1.03 ng/ml for urocarb. The within-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.271 % and 0.478 % for urocarb. The within-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 99.12 % and 100.21 % for urocarb. The between-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.388 % and 0.601 % for urocarb. The between-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.78 % and 101.11 % for urocarb.

Conclusion: A highly sensitive, specific, reproducible, rapid and high-throughput LC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated to quantify urocarb in human plasma as per the regulatory guidelines. Due to the sensitivity of the developed method, it can be applied to the monitoring of plasma levels in the analysis of drug in preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies. All the parameters and results were found within the acceptance limit as given in the validation protocol.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF REVERSED PHASE HPLC-PDA METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF CHRYSIN IN SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: GARG ANUJ , AGRAWAL GOPAL PRASAD , K. SHAHADALI
Published: September 2019

Objective: The main aim of the present study was to develop and validate a simple, precise and accurate Reversed-Phase HPLC-PDA method for the quantitative determination of Chrysin in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs).

Methods: The RP-HPLC-PDA system equipped with a C-18 reversed-phase column (250 × 4.6 mm, particle size 5 μm) was employed in the present study. HPLC grade methanol and water in 85:15 (v/v) ratio was selected as the mobile phase at flow rate of 1 ml/min under an ambient column oven temperature. The detection wavelength was kept at 268 nm. Validation of developed method was performed according to the ICH guidelines.

Results: The developed reversed-phase HPLC-PDA method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.2-10 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The method was also observed to be precise with % relative standard deviation (RSD) below 2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of this method were found to be 0.05µg/ml and 0.14µg/ml, respectively. The percent recovery of the developed method was estimated to more than 99%.

Conclusion: The developed HPLC method can be utilized for the determination of Chrysin with a high degree of accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity in solid lipid nanoparticles in the presence of excipients.
ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECT OF A NOVEL NANO POLYMER OF THYMOL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
Authors: KARIMI ELAHE , ABBASI SHAHRYAR , AIDY ALI , GHANEIALVAR HORI , MOHAMMADPOUR SHAHRAM , AKHAVAN MAZIAR MOHAMMAD , ABBASI NASER
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol nano polymer on the blood biochemical parameters and anti-diabetic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: The synthesized nano polymer (NP) was characterized by using different spectroscopy methods, such as IR, HNMR and CNMR. Loading and releasing of thymol were investigated by HPLC. Eleven groups of the Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats (overall 110 males) were tested through various biochemical factors such as: serum glucose, insulin, liver function-related enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin by ELISA kit methods.

Results: It has shown that thymol nano polymer is desirable for transferring drug. The amount of thymol loaded on NP estimated at 43±2.5 %. Then, 65% of the loaded drug was released. LD50 for thymol and thymol nano polymer were 435 and 583 mg/kg, respectively. thymol nano polymer at doses of 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced blood glucose, increased insulin levels, and controlled liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Conclusion: The use of thymol nano polymer appears to be a new aspect concerning to protect diabetes-induced damage in the animal model.
FACTORIAL DESIGN AS THE METHOD IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE-LOADED NANOPARTICLE PREPARED BY IONIC GELATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: MUHTADI WILDAN KHAIRI , NOVITASARI LARAS , MARTIEN RONNY , DANARTI RETNO
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study aims to optimize the timolol maleate (TM) nanoparticle prepared by ionic gelation method using the factors of pectin (PC), calcium chloride (CC), and chitosan (CS) concentrations with the responses of entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index using 23 factorial design.

Methods: TM nanoparticle suspensions were obtained by mixing of PC (0,4-0,6% (w/v)), CC (0,2-0,4% (w/v)), and CS (0,01-0,02% (w/v)) with TM concentration of 0,02% w/v. Each mixture was then tested for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index. The test results were analyzed with 23 factorial design using Design-Expert software in order to determine the optimum formula.

Results: The optimization study showed that all of the factors influenced the responses significantly (p<0.05) based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the suggested models. The R2value and the adequate precision value of the three models were more than 0.7 and 4, respectively. The difference between Adjusted R-Squared and Predicted R-Squared value were less than 0.200. The optimum condition of TM nanoparticle was suggested at the desirability value of 0.839 with the concentration of PC, CC, and CS of 0,4% (w/v), 0,2% (w/v), and 0,01% (w/v), respectively. The entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index of the optimum condition were 24.791±2.84%, 274.867±14.45 nm, and 0.634±0.066, respectively.

Conclusion: The 23factorial design has been proved as the suitable method to determine the optimum condition that yields the good results of the entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index of the TM-loaded nanoparticle prepared by ionic gelation method.
PERIODATE OXIDATION OF PEG–600, AN ESSENTIAL PHARMACEUTICAL POLYMER
Authors: RAO K. V. S. KOTESWARA , NADH R. VENKATA , RATNAM K. VENKATA
Published: September 2019

Objective: To study the kinetics of periodate oxidation of polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600), a familiar non-toxic polymer used in pharmaceutical and other fields of industry.
Methods: Reactions were carried out in alkaline medium and measured the kinetics by iodometry. One oxygen atom loss or two electrons transfer was observed per each molecule of periodate i.e., the rate of reaction was measured periodate converts to iodate because the formed iodate species is unable to oxidize the substrate molecules.
Results: Based on log (a-x) versus t plots, order w. r. t. oxidant (periodate) is unity. Reactions were found to be independent of substrate (PEG-600) concentration. A decrease in rate with an increase in alkali concentration [OH–] was found and order was inverse fractional. Temperature dependence of reaction rate was studied and then calculated the corresponding Arrhenius parameters.
Conclusion: An appropriate rate law was proposed by considering the above experimental results.
EFFECT OF CELLULOSIC POLYMER ON PHYSICO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERPOROUS HYDROGEL OF AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG AND DRUG RELEASE KINETICS FROM IT
Authors: Roy Biswas Gopa , Roy Debolina , Biswas Majee Sutapa
Published: September 2019

Objective: Super porous hydrogels (SPHs), a novel drug delivery system can be developed to retain drugs in the gastric medium. The aim of the present investigation was to prepare superporous hydrogels (SPHs) of Atenolol to release the drug in sustained manner in the gastric environment and study the effect of two grades of hydroxyl methyl cellulose along with Carbopol 971p on the physico mechanical properties and drug release kinetics of the formulations.

Methods: Superporous hydrogels of Atenolol were prepared with two grades of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K100M and HPMC K15 M) along with Carbopol 971p the structural morphology of hydrogel was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Study on Physico mechanical characteristics and drug release were done.

Results: Scanning Electron microscopy studies of the formulations revealed the presence of large number of pores in different size ranges like 1 µm, 2 µm, 10 µm, confirming the formulations as superporous hydrogel. A correlation had been found between porosity, density and % swelling index. The drug release data from the formulations obeyed Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. Further, the data were fitted to the Kopcha model for confirming drug release by a combination of diffusion-controlled and chain relaxation–swelling mechanism.

Conclusion: Among the six formulations, where HPMC K15 M and HPMC K100 M both were present, the gel became more hydrophobic and retarded the release of drug. From the drug release kinetics data, it can be concluded that the diffusion mechanism predominated the drug release process, leading to quasi diffusion and Fickian diffusion mechanism.
DILEMAS TEÓRICOS DE LA PERIODIZACIÓN EN LA CIENCIA POLÍTICA.
Authors: Kaplan Marcos
Published: September 2019

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EL PRI EN LA PRESIDENCIA DE CARLOS SALINAS DE GORTARI (UN BALANCE SEXENAL)
Authors: Alarcón Olguín Víctor
Published: September 2019

Este ensayo se centra en los principales episodios que caracterizaran la relación política existente entre el Partido Revolucionario Institucional y el presidente Carlos Salinas de Gortari, identificando sus coincidencias y diferencias para promover una reforma substancial dentro del Estado y sus élites gobernantes. Finalmente, el documento intenta esbozar algunos escenarios sobre los futuros alternativos del PRI.
CRISIS DE REPRESENTACIÓN Y NUEVAS FORMAS DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA EN MÉXICO
Authors: Brenna Becerril Jorge E.
Published: September 2019

En México, las elecciones experimentan cambios cada vez menos lentos: de ser un medió de legitimación de un Estado corporativo, son cada vez más un medio de confrontación civilizada entre las fuerzas sociales y políticas. Sin embargo, este patrón democrático aún no logra perfilarse, pues las inercias de un régimen autoritario y un sistema político desfasado de las necesidades sociales y de los nuevas identidades de la sociedad han creado un estado de guerra en el que la vía electoral parece desdibujarse como una opción de reconciliación nacional y de refundación de un nuevo orden social y político. Reorganizar las reglas para la búsqueda de un nuevo consenso y una nueva legitimidad es la apuesta de los nuevos actores sociales en el presente.