bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 promotes colorectal cancer growth by inactivating p53
Authors: Lu Hua , Tan Zhihui , Ko Hyunmin , Naji Parnia , Zhu Rong , Wang Jieqiong , Huang Shibo , Zhang Yi-Wei , Zeng Shelya
Published: January 2024

Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits divergent roles in various cancer types (oncogenic and anti-oncogenic). This study investigates the interaction of TRIM26 with the tumor suppressor protein p53 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by performing a comprehensive set of biochemical, cell-based assays, and xenograft experiments. As a result, we found that overexpression of TRIM26 significantly enhances CRC cell proliferation and colony formation, while knockdown of TRIM26 suppresses these processes. Xenograft experiments further validated the tumor-promoting role of TRIM26 in CRC. Supporting this is that TRIM26 is highly expressed in human CRC tissues as revealed by our analysis of the TCGA database. Biochemically, TRIM26 directly bound to the C-terminus of p53 and facilitated its ubiquitination, resulting in proteolytic degradation and attenuated p53 activity independently of MDM2. Also, TRIM26 increased the MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of p53 by binding to MDM2’s C-terminus. This study uncovers the oncogenic potential of TRIM26 in CRC by inhibiting p53 function. Through its ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM26 destabilizes p53, consequently promoting CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. These findings shed light on the complex involvement of TRIM26 in cancer and identify this ubiquitin ligase as a potential therapeutic target for future development of CRC treatment.
The Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ingram Veronica , Fielding Megan , Dunne Laura A M , Piantella Stefan , Weakley Jonathon , Johnston Rich D , McGuckian Thomas Baxter
Published: January 2024

Background
Sport-related concussions (SRC) are a concern for young athletes due to the potential for long-term health problems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature exploring SRC incidence in youth sports to understand the associated risks.
Methods
Medline, Embase, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases were searched without language restrictions until March 2023. Studies were included if they i) reported data for calculation of SRC incidence, ii) were a prospective cohort study, and iii) included a sample aged ≤ 18 years. Studies that reported Athlete Exposure (AE) or Player Hours (PH) as SRC incidence data measures were included in a multi-level random-effects meta-analysis. Additional analysis explored SRC incidence based on age, gender, country, year of data collection, setting, and level of contact.
Results
Of the 5833 studies reviewed for eligibility, 109 studies were accepted for a systematic review and 93 in the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence rate of SRC per 1,000 AE was found to be 1.41 across 21 sports, and 4.16 per 1,000 PH across 7 sports. The highest incidence per 1,000 AE were in taekwondo, rugby union, and ice hockey, and the highest incidence per 1,000 PH were in rugby 7’s, rugby league, and rugby union.
Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis can serve as an updated baseline for risk of concussion among youth athletes across various sports. Registration: This systematic review was registered on OSF registries (https://osf.io/v298s).
A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network based network intrusion detection and classification method for Social Internet of Things
Authors: G Murugesan , Maheswaravenkatesh P.
Published: January 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) and social networking principles have been combined to create the so-called Social Internet of Things paradigm, which holds that devices can build social connections with their owners on their own. In this scenario, "things" engage with their peers in order to find the services they require.If the IoT is not handled properly, assaults and issues could overshadow any advantages.The quantity and methods of attacks have, however, expanded due to the extraordinary improvement of this technology. The complexity of maintaining data privacy as a result makes it even more challenging to offer top-notch services and complete security.The development of intrusion detection systems (IDS), which can quickly and accurately identify and categorise intrusions at various levels of networks, has made substantial use of deep learning techniques. In this work, a network intrusion detection model based on convolutional neural networks that has five convolutional layers is proposed. This model is tested using the CICIDS2018 dataset, a publicly accessible dataset with 80 statistical features, for both binary and multi-class classification. Data transformation and numerical standardisation procedures are used to pre-process the dataset.Experiments are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed system, and the results of the study demonstrate that the proposed CNN outperforms existing intrusion detection techniques in terms of multi-class categorization detection, with average values for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 99.65%, 99.16%, 98.70% and 99.09%, respectively.
Comparative study of different machine learning methods to forecast cucurbit fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) occurrence in Eastern plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Deb Dibyendu , HALDER JAYDEEP , RAI A. B.
Published: January 2024

Insect pests damage a large amount of agricultural produce every year. This damage can be mitigated to a large extent if it is predicted in advance. Machine Learning (ML) models can be a game-changer in terms of pest management policy planning due to their high prediction accuracy. To forecast the occurrence of the cucurbit fruit fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae), a polyphagous pest in the vegetable ecosystem, different machine learning algorithms such as multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, decision tree, random forests, and XGBoost were compared. During the years 2013-2019, adults of cucurbit fruit flies were trapped using bottle traps (ethanol, insecticide (Spinosad / Malathion / DDVP) and culture (6:1:2) covered in wooden blocks) at a rate of 25-30 traps per hectare at weekly intervals. The meteorological observatory recorded several weather data such as daily maximum temperature (oC), daily lowest temperature (oC), average daily temperature (oC), average day relative humidity at 7.00 am and 2.00 pm, bright sun shine hour, evaporation, rainfall, and wind velocity. XGBoost has the highest R2, 0.89, out of the six machine learning models tested, followed by the decision tree model (R2= 0.87). As a result, the best fit model for forecasting this cucurbit fruit fly under the vegetable environment might be these two machine learning methods.
Communication breakdown! Signal modality drives the effect of information loss on the behavioral responses of the threatened Great-Billed Seed-Finch, Sporophila maximiliani (Thraupidae: Passeriformes)
Authors: Santos Gabriela Sales dos , Leal Lara Louredo , Nomura Fausto
Published: January 2024

Communication is a central process in animals' interactions and the transmission of information depends on the signal quality. As signals degrade, the resulting loss of information has the potential to increase the ambiguity about the sender’s motivation and status. Thus, the information loss can generate in the receptor a state of motivational conflict and increases the aggressiveness as a coping strategy. We tested whether the information loss affects the behavioral response of Sporophila maximilianiusing (i) a playback experiment, to simulate an acoustic signal, and (ii) a mirror experiment, to simulate a visual signal. We found that a greater degradation of the acoustic signal induced in males’ calls a modulation from lower to higher frequencies, indicating a fear state. Conversely, the degradation of visual signal resulted in an equally high emission of displacement activity in relation to total visual information context, showing no effect of the signal interference. Also, we detected that an increase in the background noise, more than the loss of information, resulted in an increase of the emission of displacement activities and calls of lower frequency, indicating stressful and aggressive states, respectively. So, the response of S. maximiliani to information interference was modulated by the signal modality. The great interference in acoustic signals results in a fear state due to the ambiguity of the interaction context, suggesting that a partially comprehensible signal is more harmful than a totally degraded one. The emission of maintenance behaviors as displacement activities is an indicator of the higher stress endured by the individuals exposed to visual signals, independent of interferences on signal quality. Furthermore, the negative effect of artificial environmental noise can be high, suggesting some level of neophobia in S. maximiliani.
The Agent-based Model's Role in Assessing Paratransit Performance in a Data-Scarcity Context.
Authors: Elgohary Mohamed
Published: January 2024

The study of informal mobility, particularly Paratransit, faces significant challenges in academic research and urban planning practices. This difficulty stems from a lack of information and resources coupled with an organized, complex nature of the Paratransit in developing countries. Making a comprehensive study on Paratransit is a resource-consuming process. This paper addresses these challenges by complementing the recent studies on paratransit modeling by proposing a pipeline to model the Paratransit corridors with multiple stops in Alexandria, Egypt. The proposed methodology aims to integrate the Paratransit into a multi-agent-based Simulation model. The process includes collecting GPS data through minibus users, constructing an Origin-Destination Matrix, and constructing, mapping, and ground-truth the Paratransit routes for an agent-based business-as-usual model. The findings highlight the variable demand for paratransit services under different mobility conditions. Ultimately, the Model was tested to make the Paratransit more accessible. The result shows a gradual change in the boarding behavior at the start and end line, while the demand fluctuated in the middle of the route. These results can support an evidence-based urban mobility policy that places a Paratransit line along the Minibus corridor. The process is based on open access data with a small sample of crowdsourcing data, enabling replicating the methods in similar data-scarcity contexts.
Separation of Microalgae from Bacterial Contaminants using Spiral Microchannel in the Presence of a Chemoattractant
Authors: Abdel-Mawgood Ahmed L. , Ngum Leticia F. , Matsushita Y. , El-Mashtoly Samir F. , El-Bab Ahmed M.R. Fath
Published: January 2024

Cell separation using microfluidics has become an effective method to isolate biological contaminants from bodily fluids and cell cultures, such as isolating bacteria contaminants from microalgae cultures and isolating bacteria contaminants from white blood cells. In this study, bacteria cell was used as a model contaminant in microalgae culture in a passive microfluidics device, which relies on hydrodynamic forces to demonstrate the separation of microalgae from bacteria contaminants in U and W-shaped cross-section spiral microchannel fabricated by defocusing CO2 laser ablation. At a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min in the presence of glycine as bacteria chemoattractant, the spiral microfluidics devices with U and W-shaped cross -sections were able to isolate microalgae (Desmodesmus sp) from bacteria (E. coli) with a high separation efficiency of 92% and 96% respectively. At the same flow rate in the absence of glycine, the separation efficiency of microalgae for U- and W-shaped cross sections were 91% and 96% respectively. It was found that the spiral microchannel device with a W-shaped cross-section with a barrier in the center of the channel showed significantly higher separation efficiency. Spiral microchannel chips with U- or W-shaped cross sections were easy to fabricate and exhibited high throughput. With these advantages, these devices could be widely applicable to other cell separation applications, such as separating circulating tumor cells from blood.
Integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomics reveals tumor heterogeneity and intercellular networks in colorectal cancer
Authors: Lu Ligong , Xiao Jing , Yu Xinyang , Meng Fanlin , Zhang Yuncong , Zhou Wenbin , Ren Yonghong , Li Jingxia , Sun Yimin , Sun Hongwei , Chen Guokai , He Ke
Published: January 2024

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a powerful tool for studying the tumor microenvironment (TME), does not preserve/provide spatial information on tissue morphology and cellular interactions. To understand the crosstalk between diverse cellular components in proximity in the TME, we performed scRNA-seq coupled with spatial transcriptomic (ST) assay to profile 41,700 cells from three colorectal cancer（CRC） tumor-normal-blood pairs. Standalone scRNA-seq analyses revealed eight major cell populations, including B cells, T cells, Monocytes, NK cells, Epithelial cells, Fibroblasts, Mast cells, Endothelial cells. After the identification of malignant cells from epithelial cells, we observed seven subtypes of malignant cells that reflect heterogeneous status in tumor, including tumor_CAV1, tumor_ATF3_JUN|FOS, tumor_ZEB2, tumor_VIM, tumor_WSB1, tumor_LXN, and tumor_PGM1. By transferring the cellular annotations obtained by scRNA-seq to ST spots, we annotated four regions in a cryosection from CRC patients, including tumor, stroma, immune infiltration, and colon epithelium regions. Furthermore, we observed intensive intercellular interactions between stroma and tumor regions which were extremely proximal in the cryosection. Specially, one pair of ligands and receptors (C5AR1 and RPS19) was inferred to play key roles in the crosstalk of stroma and tumor regions. For the tumor region, a typical feature of TMSB4X-high expression was identified, which could be a potential marker of CRC. The stroma region was found to be characterized by VIM-high expression, suggesting it fostered a stromal niche in the TME.
Collectively, single cell and spatial analysis in our study reveal the tumor heterogeneity and molecular interactions in CRC TME, which provides insights into the mechanisms underlying CRC progression and may contribute to the development of anticancer therapies targeting on non-tumor components, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) in CRC. The typical genes we identified may facilitate to new molecular subtypes of CRC.
WITHDRAWN: Crossing-borders: Experience with International ECMO transports
Authors: Burgos Carmen Mesas , Frenckner Björn , Broman Lars Mikael
Published: January 2024

Background
Extracorporeal oxygenation membrane (ECMO) represents the last resort support for patients with cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory on conventional intensive care. Availability of this highly specialized method for life support is limited to regional centers, and thus, patient transport is needed. Few centers offer mobile ECMO services and experience in international ECMO transports is limited.
Aim: The objective was to present our department’s experience on international ECMO transports.
Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all international ECMO transports performed from January 1998 to 2022.
Results
Of 1277 ECMO transports, 357 (28%) were international. In 185 (52%) cases the transport was determined to ECMO Centre Karolinska. Ninety-three (26%) were dispatched from our center or directly from referring Swedish hospital to center abroad due to the lack of beds at our unit, 42 (12%) were transferred between two different centers abroad crossing at least one border, and 33 (9%) between two units within the same foreign country.
Seventy-nine percent of the patients were cannulated by our team at the referring hospital, and 63% were supported with venoarterial ECMO. Neonatal transport constituted 46%, pediatric 22%, and adult 32%. Fixed wing aircraft was utilized in 89%, military aircraft carrier in 6.2%, helicopter in 3.9%. The average transport distance was 1200 km (range 160-13530 km), and average time on transport was 4.8 h (range 2-27 h). Hospital survival in the group of patients transferred to our unit was 82%. In 36% of the transports, complications occurred. No deaths occurred on transport.
Conclusions
International inter-hospital transports on ECMO can be safely performed. Albeit occurrence of adverse events, the risk of mortality is very low. For safe transport, the team must be well trained, be highly competent in intensive care, ECMO physiology, cannulation, intensive care, and air transport medicine.
YPO4:Pr3+ nanocrystal embedded into an optical fiber
Authors: Dorosz Dominik , Kochanowicz Marcin , Valiente Rafael , Diego-Rucabado Andrea , Rodríguez Fernando , Siñeriz-Niembro Nuria , Espeso José I. , Lesniak Magdalena , Miluski Piotr , Conzendorf Sylvia , Posseckardt Juliane , Liao Zhongquan , Jimenez Gloria Lesly , Müller Robert , Lorenz Martin , Schwuchow Anka , Leich Martin , Lorenz Adrian , Wondraczek Katrin , Jäger Matthias
Published: January 2024

Optical fiber with YPO4:Pr3+ nanocrystals (NCs) is presented for the first time using the glass powder - NCs doping method. The method’s advantage is separate preparation of NCs and glass to preserve luminescent and optical properties of NCs once they are incorporated into optical fiber. The YPO4:Pr3+ nanocrystals were synthesized by the solvothermal method, optimized for size (<100 nm), shape, Pr3+ ions concentration (0.2 mol%), and emission lifetime. The core glass was selected from the non-silica P2O5-containing system with refractive index (n = 1.788) close to the NCs (no=1.657, ne=1.838). Optical fiber was drawn by modified powder-in-tube method prior pre-sintering of glass powder - YPO4:Pr3+ (wt. 3%) mixture to form optical fiber preform. Luminescent properties of YPO4:Pr3+ and optical fiber showed their excellent agreement, including sharp Pr3+ emission at 600 nm (1D2-3H4) and 1D2 level lifetime (τ = 156±5 µs) under 488 nm excitation. The distribution of the YPO4:Pr3+ NCs in optical fiber were analyzed by TEM-EDS in the core region (FIB-SEM-prepared). The successful usage of glass powder - NCs doping method was discussed in the aspect of promising properties of the first YPO4:Pr3+ doped optical fiber as a new way to develop active materials for lasing applications, among others.
Behavioral Difficulties Among Syrian Children and Adolescents: Identifying Associated Factors in the 'Lost Generation'
Authors: Alsharif Aya , Habbal Osama Al , Gabadian Aram , Maamoun Riwa El , Faraj Alaa Al , aldin Taima kamr , Aldammad Ola Haitham , Alkayakhi Ahmad , Habbal Aya Al
Published: January 2024

Background Childhood and adolescence, vital in shaping adult life and society, are profoundly impacted during conflicts like Syria's devastating war. This study explores the prevalence of behavioral disorders in Syrian children and adolescents, examining the influence of war and family-related factors.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 2–17 years at a children's outpatient clinic in Damascus, Syria. We assessed parents' quality of life, war and family-related factors, and behavioral difficulties through parental interviews using two questionnaires: the Arabic version of the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the brief Arabic version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF).Results 74.67% of children aged 2–4 years and 61.29% of children aged 4–17 years were experiencing behavioral difficulties, with emotional difficulties being the most prevalent ones. Children exposed to kidnapping, family losses, lack of school enrollment, and those with parents having lower education, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer quality of life exhibited higher Total SDQ scores.Conclusion The high prevalence of behavioral difficulties among children and adolescents in Syria is a major concern, with both direct and indirect war-related factors contributing to this issue.
Driving Forward Mobile Robotics: A Digital Twin Architecture Case Study for AGVs Data-Driven Autonomy
Authors: Marques Nuno , Rodrigues Marco , Sousa Diogo
Published: January 2024

The evolving dynamics of today’s industry, which prioritize flexibility and adaptability to unforeseen circumstances, have accelerated the convergence and integration of diverse technologies within the realm of IT. This convergence empowers the execution of testing methodologies and facilitates the rapid refinement of solutions created through digital methods, enabling faster iteration cycles. This novel paradigm contributes to the decrease of potential expenses and time required for testing innovative approaches, a crucial aspect especially in contexts such as process redesign or robot reconfiguration within industrial environments. In these instances, conducting real-world experiments can frequently be unfeasible due to the need for production interruption. This paper presents and evaluates a modular Digital Twins architecture applied to mobile robotics, specifically Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). A practical case study is conducted involving robot navigation along a predetermined route and the detection of unexpected obstacles, which promts the robot to respond by halting to prevent collisions, validating, this way, several of the identified benefits of utilizing a digital replica.
Assessing tax expenditures: a composite measure for sustainability, fairness and territorial equity in Italy
Authors: Marè Mauro , Porcelli Francesco , Vidoli Francesco
Published: January 2024

Over the last 30 years, the number of studies on tax expenditures has gradually increased in most OECD countries: given their importance for tax systems, most countries have decided to estimate revenue issues on a regular basis. Most of these studies have looked at issues such as the loss of tax revenue due to tax expenditures and their distributional effects across income groups. No specific studies have been carried out on the rationale to attribute a composite criterion of fiscal sustainability and inter-territorial equity, in order to monitor over the years the performance of each item in relation to the public budget. In this paper a first empirical attempt is proposed in the Italian context. For each tax detraction, a composite indicator is calculated for the dimensions of progressivity, relevance and territorial equity, in order to highlight an objective criterion useful for rationalising tax expenditure. Our analysis shows that there is room for rationalisation in the number and size of tax expenditures facing a clear correlation between the geographical distribution of some tax expenditures.
Effect of Streamflow Measurement Error on Flood Frequency Estimation
Authors: Velasquez Nicolás , Krajewski Witold F.
Published: January 2024

Significant errors often arise when measuring streamflow during high flows and flood events. Such errors conflated by short records of observations may induce bias in the flood frequency estimates, leading to costly engineering design mistakes. This work illustrates how observational (measurement) errors affect the uncertainty of flood frequency estimation. The study used the Bulletin 17C (US standard) method to estimate flood frequencies of historical peak flows modified to represent the measurement limitations. To perform the modifications, the authors explored, via Monte Carlo simulation, four hypothetical scenarios that mimic measurement errors, sample size limitations, and their combination. They used a multiplicative noise from a log-normal distribution to simulate the measurement errors. They implemented a bootstrap approach to represent the sampling error. They randomly selected M samples from the total N records of the observed peak flows of four gauging stations in Iowa in central USA. The observed data record ranges between 76 and 119 years for watersheds with drainage areas between 500 and 16,000 km2. According to the results, measurement errors lead to more significant differences than sampling limitations. The scenarios exhibited differences with median magnitudes of up to 50%, with some cases reaching differences up to 100% for return periods above 50 years. The results raise a red flag regarding flood frequency estimation that warrants looking for further research around observational errors.
Congenital suipoxvirus infection in newborn piglets in an Austrian piglet producing farm
Authors: Schwarz Lukas , Brunthaler René , Auer Angelika , Renzhammer René , Friedmann Ursula , Ladinig Andrea
Published: January 2024

Background
The purpose of this case is to describe the occurrence of congenital swinepox virus infection in new born piglets of a single litter in a conventional piglet producing farm in Austria. In February 2020, a fourth parity sow gave birth to a litter of piglets with four piglets presenting pox-like skin lesions. Lesions were distributed over the whole skin surface and ulcerative lesions were also observed on the mucosa of the oral cavity. The herd attending veterinarian included the University Clinic for Swine to identify the cause of observed skin lesions, since such skin lesions had never been observed before.
Case presentation
The skin lesions were described to look like pox-lesions. A sow of fourth parity gave birth to one stillborn and 16 live-born piglets. In total, four out of 16 piglets had pox-like lesions distributed over the whole body and on oral mucosa. One affected piglet died on the fourth day of life and two were euthanized due to starvation and animal welfare reasons. Three affected piglets were sent to the University Clinic for Swine for further diagnostics. The sow and the remaining littermates did not show any skin lesions. Virological and histopathological investigations confirmed congenital suipox virus infection. Since there is no effective treatment available, the farmer was recommended to improve hygiene. No further cases occurred after this single event.
Conclusion
Nowadays, infections with suipox virus are rarely reported in conventional pig production as the disease is usually self-limiting in older pigs and is perceived with low economic impact. In the past, suipox virus infections were mainly related to improper hygiene conditions and pig lice as vectors. Today conventional pigs are usually kept under good hygienic conditions and pig lice are not reported anymore to occur in Austrian conventional pig farming systems. Therefore, we speculate, that other living vectors, such as the stable fly may play a role in transmission of suipox virus between and within farms and in the occurrence of congenital suipox virus infections in neonatal piglets.
A FANCC intronic variant of uncertain significance in a child with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Magnan Katelin , Williams Linford , Wang Qian , Meade Julia
Published: January 2024

Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been reported to have a germline genetic association in about 5.5% of isolated cases and 10–13% of familial or hereditary cohorts. Studies are linking new germline variants to PDAC annually, with numerous variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in candidate genes being reported.
Case presentation:
A 9-year-old boy presented with a 3-week history of abdominal pain, weight loss, and vomiting, with subsequent development of jaundice and pruritis. Imaging revealed an obstructive abnormality in the head of the pancreas with extra- and intrahepatic dilation of the bile ducts and a 1 c lesion in the liver. Biopsy of the liver lesion revealed metastatic PDAC. Extensive pathology review demonstrated atypical epithelial proliferation forming irregular and anastomosing glands. Germline evaluation was conducted with a 29-gene pancreatic cancer panel and revealed a c.345 + 6A > T VUS in the FANCC gene. This VUS affects a nucleotide in the consensus splice site in intron 4. The tumor was microsatellite stable with a tumor mutation burden of 3.4 Mutations/Mb. The child started chemotherapy with several cycles of FOLFIRINOX followed by Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel but ultimately experienced tumor progression. He then pursued additional cancer directed therapy outside of our institution. As of the last evaluation, the child is alive with progressive disease.
Conclusions
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is essentially unheard of in children under 10 years old. In adults, PDAC has been associated with a variety of cancer predisposition genes, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®) has issued surveillance guidelines for adults carrying germline variants in TP53, BRCA1/2, ATM, PALB2, CDKN2A, among others. Emerging data has identified germline FANCC variants in patients with PDAC. Further studies of FANCC variants of uncertain significance are necessary for variant reclassification and to allow review of current screening guidelines in adults.
Advancements in FR4 Dielectric Analysis: Free Space Approach and Measurement Validation
Authors: Ali Syed Zeeshan , Ahsan Kamran , Khairi danish ul Khairi
Published: January 2024

In this study, the free space approach is utilized to calculate the relative per-mittivity of FR4 by utilizing the Nicholson-Ross-Weir Conversion. By examining the scattering characteristics, the free space technique offers a practical tool for describing dielectric materials. The simulations were run on CST-2019, and the frequency range of 8.5 GHz to 11.5 GHz was chosen. Experimental measurements were carried out utilizing a Vector Network Analyzer, To further reduce outside influences and assure accurate measurements in a controlled setting, an anechoic chamber was used. The outcomes of the simulations and actual measurements show the significance of the Nicholson-Ross-Weir Conversion and free space approach in calculating the relative permittivity of FR4. The correctness and dependability of the suggested technique are confirmed by the good agreement between the simulated and measured outcomes. This study makes a contribution to the field of electromagnetic characterization and offers a useful method for figuring out FR4’s dielectric characteristics. The results of this study have substantial effects on PCB design and optimization as well as other high-frequency electronic devices that operate in the frequency band under consideration.
Association between the triglyceride glucose body mass index and long-term mortality in ICU patients: a cohort study of over 3000 patients
Authors: Fu Yuqing , Xu Cong , Tang Yanan , Li Yuewei , Wu Guifu
Published: January 2024

Background
The Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) index has recently been considered an accurate surrogate biomarker for assessing insulin resistance (IR). The TyG-BMI index, integrating the Body Mass Index (BMI), has been recognized by numerous studies as a superior representation of IR status. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG-BMI index and long-term mortality risk in critically ill patients.
Methods
Patient data for this study were sourced from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, from which the TyG-BMI indexes were extracted. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within one year. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was utilized to compare the primary endpoint across quartiles. Restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards analyses were employed to explore the association between the TyG-BMI index and the endpoint.
Results
A total of 3,216 patients admitted to the ICU were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher TyG-BMI index values had a significantly reduced risk of death (log-rank P < 0.001). Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a U-shaped relationship between the TyG-BMI index and long-term mortality. Furthermore, multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the highest quartile of the TyG-BMI index, compared to the lowest quartile, had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.66(95% CI: 0.46, 0.88; P < 0.001) for one-year mortality, suggesting a protective effect.
Conclusions
Among critically ill patients, the highest quartile of the TyG-BMI index was associated with a lower rate of long-term mortality. The TyG-BMI index also demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with long-term mortality, suggesting the existence of an optimal TyG-BMI range that may confer protective effects within a certain interval for critically ill patients.
Impact of Personnel Scarcity on Urolithiasis Treatment: A Comparative Study of the Pre- and Post-Pandemic Eras
Authors: Yurdakul Ozan , Seitz Christian , Veser Julian , Hassler Melanie R. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Remzi Mesut
Published: January 2024

Objectives:This study examines the impact of medical personnel scarcity on urolithiasis treatment by comparing complication rates in urinary stone patients undergoing ureterorenoscopic (URS) treatment before and after the onset of this novel circumstance.
Patients and Methods:A total of 160 patients who received URS (including flexible URS) treatment for urolithiasis at the Vienna General Hospital were included. Specifically, 80 consecutive patients from the year 2018, before the scarcity of personnel, and 80 patients from 2023, following the emergence of this situation, were analyzed in two patient cohorts. Complications that occurred during the waiting period, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, were recorded. Moreover, demographic and clinical data were collected to compare the two patient cohorts. The primary endpoint was the differences in the complication rates of the two cohorts. The secondary endpoints were readmission, ureteral stent (re-)placement, stent encrustation, or length of hospital stay.
Results:The study revealed a significant increase in complications during the waiting period in the 2023 cohort (p < .001), concomitant with a substantial rise in the median waitingtime from 20 days to 94 days (p < .001). No significant disparities were observed in intra- and postoperative complications. Furthermore, patients in 2023 demonstrated a higher rate of readmissions during the waiting time for surgery (16.25% vs 2.5%, p = .002) and longer length of stays (2.94 vs. 2.10 days, p < .001).
Conclusion:In the new era of personnel scarcity with longer waiting time for surgery, increased complication rates during the waiting period pose a significant challenge in the treatment of urolithiasis requiring URS. There is a need for an adaptation of the treatment strategies to address this issue.
Micellar Curcumol for Maintenance Therapy of Ovarian Cancer by activating the FOXO3a
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Bing , Yang Jiezhen , Tang Qin , Zhong Yan , Du Jijun , Wang Sheng , Wu Qiang , Lu Yang , Song Yonghong
Published: January 2024

Background: Maintenance therapy (MT) after postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (OC) is crucial for delaying or preventing disease relapse. The current targeted drugs are only effective in about 30% of OC patients and the options for MT are limited. FOXO3a was considered as a potential target of chemotherapeutic drugs for OC due to its key role in inhibiting disease progression and recurrence. Curcumol, a major constituent of the plant Rhizoma Curcumae, is a low-toxic and effective anti-cancer drug which indicates that it is a potential candidate for MT. However, curcumol is indissolubility in water, with low bioavailability, and its pharmacological basis is unclear. Herein, Micellar curcumol (MC) was prepared for the therapy of OC. Parallel assessments of the anti-tumor ability and mechanism of MC were performed on two kinds of OC cells.
Results: The results indicated that the IC50 of MC in two OC cells were as low as 37.69±2.43 and 28.54±1.58 μg/mL, respectively. Curcumol, by inhibiting phosphorylation at the AKTT308 site, activates the transcriptional activity of FOXO3a, which further promotes the recruitment of FOXO3a to the promoter sequence of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related PERK genes, inducing OC cells apoptosis. Moreover, the DiR-labeled MC could quickly accumulate in the tumor region within only 1h and maintain for 48 h in vivo. Further, MC inhibited the growth of SKOV3 cells on tumor-bearing nude mice by intravenous injection.
Conclusions: Micellar loaded curcumol provides great feasibility to achieve efficient MT for OC based on the nanoplatforms of active ingredients from natural products.
Comparison of therapeutic effects between Nice knot combined with locking plate and lag screw combined with locking plate in the treatment of comminuted midclavicular fracture in adults
Authors: Wang Zeyong , Yang Fei , Zhu Yiran , Qin Jian , Yuan Tangbo
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To compare the clinical outcomes of Nice knot combined with locking plate and lag screw combined with locking plate in the treatment comminuted midclavicular fracture in adults.
Methods: All eighty patients completed surgical treatment and received complete follow-up were retrospective analysised with comminuted midclavicular fracture admitted to our hospital from December 2019 to December 2021. Who underwent Nice knot combined with locking plate fixation (NKLP, n＝44) or lag screw combined with locking plate fixation(LSLP, n＝36) . The two groups were compared with the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) postoperatively, postoperative internal fixation complications including postoperative infection, internal fixation loosening, rupture, and fracture displacement. Shoulder function was tested by Neer scores, Constant-Murley scores at follow-up, and university of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale (UCLA) scoring system was used in the last follow-up.
Results: All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average time of (13.2 ± 1.5) months. The NKLP and LSLP groups comprised 44 patients (age, 42.0±9.5 years; 26 men) and 36 patients (age, 41.9±8.3 years; 22 men) ,respectively. The NKLP group had less operative time (50 ± 4 vs 63 ± 6 min, P＜0.001), intraoperative blood loss (35 ± 4 vs 54 ± 5 ml, P＜0.001), the VAS scores on 2 days (3.7±0.6vs 4.1±0.8, p＝0.01 ) and one month (2.7±0.5 vs 3.0±0.8, p＝0.04 ). And had higher Neer scores (68.1±1.9 vs 65.5±2.4, P＜0.001) and Constant-Murley scores (69.1±2.0 vs 66.5±2.1, P＜0.001) on one month after surgery (P<0.05). But there were no obvious differences in the VAS scores(0.7±0.6 vs 0.8±0.7, p＝0.766 ) , the Neer scores (94.0±1.5 vs 93.4±1.7, p＝0.061) and the Constant-Murley scores (94.5±2.2 vs 93.3±3.1, p＝0.132) in the last follow-up. The satisfactory and excellent rates with university of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale (UCLA) scoring system of postoperative treatment were respectively 93% (41/44) and 87% (31/36) in two groups (p＝0.871).
Conclusions: The two groups are secure and effective in the treatment for comminuted midclavicular fracture. The NKLP group has the advantages of simple operation, shorter surgical time, and especially for small sphenoid bone blocks that are difficult to fix with lag screw in the fixation of comminuted midclavicular fracture than the LSLP group. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application. Key words: Bone; Clinical Outcomes; Fracture; Treatment ; Therapeutics.
Guard2Vul: Vulnerability Detection viaGradient-based Adversarial TrainingEnhanced Graph Learning
Authors: Shen Hao , Ju Xiaolin , Li Wenjie , Chen Xiang , Yang Guang
Published: January 2024

Modern software security is challenged by vulnerabilities, which canlead to severe consequences, including loss of information, property, andprivacy disclosure. Recently, graph-based deep learning methods havebeen proven as a promising solution for vulnerability detection at func-tional granularity. However, previous studies still face challenges, suchas structural imbalances, complex connections in abstract syntax treesof functions, and insufficient training data. In this study, we proposeGuard2Vul, which combines a graph neural network with a residualnetwork to jointly capture deeper semantic and structural features,specifically, source code and node dependencies. Moreover, we utilizeGraphSMOTE and DGD, a dropout-enhanced gradient adversarial train-ing technique, to conduct data augmentation and automatically improvenormalized stability. To demonstrate the effectiveness of Guard2Vul, we evaluate its performance on four experimental subjects by different pro-gramming languages, such as C/C++ and Java. To show the competitive-ness of Guard2Vul, we consider five Deep Learning-based vulnerabilitydetection approaches (i.e., TokenCNN, Sysevr, VulDeePecker, Devign,and Reveal) as baselines. The results indicate that Guard2Vul out-performs these baselines, achieving at least 13.4%, 28.9%, 6.2%, and12.1% higher F1-measure on four experimental subjects. Finally, weperform ablation experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of ourcustomized components, namely enhanced graph representation learningand the gradient-based adversarial training method, in Guard2Vul.
Conservative vs. Liberal Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Antagonist Strategies in the Treatment of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Dual-Center Analysis
Authors: Potter Brian J. , Callichurn Kashi , Simard Philippe , De Marco Corrado , Jamali Payman , Saada Yacine , Matteau Alexis , Schampaert Érick , Mansour Samer , Hatem Raja
Published: January 2024

Background
While the efficacy of GpIIb-IIIa-inhibitors during primary PCI (pPCI) for ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) has previously been demonstrated, its ongoing role and safety in combination with newer P2Y12-inhibitors is unclear. We therefore sought to compare outcomes between two centers with divergent approaches to the use of GpIIbIIIa antagonists in pPCI.
Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of all-comer STEMI patients treated with pPCI at two high-volume Montreal academic tertiary care centers. One center tended to use GpIIb-IIIa-inhibitors up-front in a large proportion of patients (liberal strategy) and the other preferring a bail-out approach (conservative strategy). Baseline patient characteristics and procedural data were compared between the two groups. The main efficacy outcome was rate of no-reflow/slow-reflow and the main safety outcome was BARC ³ 2 bleeding events.
Results
A total of 459 patients were included, of whom 167 (36.5%) were exposed to a GpIIb-IIIa-antagonist. There was a significant overall difference in use of GpIIb-IIIa-antagonist between the two centers (60.5% vs 16.1%, p<0.01) Rate of no-reflow/slow-reflow was similar between groups (2.6% vs 1.4%, p=0.22). In-hospital rates of unplanned revascularization, stroke and death were aslo not different between groups. Use of a liberal GpIIb-IIIa-antagonist strategy was associated with a higher risk of bleeding (OR 3.16, p<0.01), which persisted after adjustment for covariables (adjusted OR 2.85, p<0.01).
Conclusions
In this contemporary retrospective cohort, a conservative GpIIb-IIIa-antagonist strategy was associated with a lower incidence of clinically relevant bleeding without any signal for an increase in no-reflow/slow-reflow or ischemic clinical events.
Stiefel-Whitney Classes of Representations of Dihedral Groups
Authors: Bhalerao Sujeet , Joshi Rohit , Malik Neha
Published: January 2024

We compute the Stiefel-Whitney Classes for representations of dihedral groups Dm in terms of character values of order two elements. We also provide criteria to identify representations V which lift to the double covers of the orthogonal group O(V) and those with non-trivial mod 2 Euler class.
MSC Classification: 55R40 , 20C33 , 20G40
Parasitic RC Estimation and Defect Prediction for Embedded Memory using Machine Learning
Authors: Maddela Venkatesham , Sinha Sanjeet Kumar , Parvathi Muddapu , Chander Sweta
Published: January 2024

In today's rapidly scaling-down technological environment, identifying the best-fit algorithms for evaluating complicated circuits such as SRAMs is a difficult issue. Many fault models have developed, however their flexibility of use is limited by the restrictions and constraints of the provided test environment. The majority of existing fault models have been studied in terms of well-known March algorithms, which simply provide fault detection information. Scaled-down technologies have an impact on parasitic effects as well, resulting in an extra source of defective behavior and making current test algorithms vulnerable to them. Recent work that uses method of parasitic extraction for fault detection have addressed the problem of limitation due to scale down technologies. However, as the circuit complexity increases the estimation of RC would be tedious. Hence in this paper machine learning based parasitic RC extraction is proposed. Also, as an extension to that, proposed ML based fault detection using extracted parasitic RCs as dataset. The proposed machine learning based fault prediction uses extracted parasitic RCs as dataset. The parasitic RC values are extracted for each fault model using technologies of 120nm down to deep submicron 7nm. Regression algorithm is used for modeling the machine for extraction of RCs and observed that 88% of prediction accuracy. Decision tree modeling is used for fault detection and observed 91.7% of accuracy in prediction of fault. 3.1 Effect of open defects in 6T SRAM Cell In this are article we have consider the node to node open/short faults. In Fig 2. We have imposed all possible open defects and then we have analyzed the memory cell for all possible open defects. There are totally 25 open defects are possible as shown in the fig 2. The simulation results and different types faults occurs for all open defects are shown in table 1 Fig2: Fault model for Open Defects in 6T-SRAM Cell Table 1. 6T SRAM Cell open defect list for different technologies
Nutrient release and decomposition time of Eucalyptus urograndis harvest residues practices under Brazil tropical conditions
Authors: Sena Karla Nascimento , Maltoni Kátia Luciene , Barbosa Mariana Cristina
Published: January 2024

The forest areas, besides their importance in the economic sector, have an important role in soil conservation when sustainable silvicultural practices are adopted. The objective of this work was to evaluate the accumulation and decomposition of eucalyptus harvest residues in Eucalyptus urograndis plantations in areas subjected to different management systems of harvest residues in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul. Litter bags were used to evaluate the decomposition of harvest residues and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and C) content of the remaining residues under different harvesting systems during a 36-month period. Harvesting in the cut to length (CTL) system provided greater phytomass and N, P, K, Ca, and C contents. The decomposition of harvest residues in the CTL system was greater during the initial months. T he removal of the bark reduced the amount of N and increased the decomposition time, as observed in the tree-length (TL) system. The amount and composition of forest harvest residues affect their decomposition and nutrient release. The forest harvest residues present mass loss as a function of decomposition time, influenced by the rainfall regime.