bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with passive cycle ergometry on hemodynamics in healthy adults
Authors: Matsushima Shinya , Hirasawa Ai , Suzuki Rina , Murata Hiroyasu , Kimura Masahiko , Shibata Shigeki
Published: November 2024

This is the first study to evaluate cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and A-V̇o2 difference during LF-NMES of endurance exercise modality. LF-NMES alone may not demonstrate hemodynamic responses induced by voluntary endurance exercise, however, demonstrates those when combined with passive cycle ergometry. LF-NMES with passive cycle ergometry may be a more effective approach in cardiac rehabilitation for patients without the ability of voluntary exercise because it may increase cardiac output and venous return as represented by the LVEDV.
Deciphering the Immune Subtypes and Signature Genes: A Novel Approach Towards Diagnosing and Prognosticating Severe Asthma Through Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Hu Yue , Lin Yating , Peng Bo , Xiang Chunyan , Tang Wei
Published: November 2024

Asthma, a pervasive pulmonary disorder, affects countless individuals globally. Characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchial passages, its symptoms include cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and chest tightness. While many manage their symptoms through pharmaceutical interventions and self‐care, a significant subset grapples with severe asthma, posing therapeutic challenges. This study delves into the intricate etiology of asthma, emphasizing the pivotal roles of immune cells such as T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells in its pathogenesis. The recent emergence of monoclonal antibodies, including mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, offers therapeutic promise, yet their efficacy varies due to the heterogeneous nature of asthma. Recognizing the potential of personalized medicine, this research underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of asthma’s immunological diversity. We employ single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithms to identify differentially expressed immune cells and utilize machine learning techniques, including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and random forest, to predict severe asthma outcomes and identify key genes associated with immune cells. Using a murine asthma model and an online database, we aim to elucidate distinct immune‐centric asthma subtypes. This study seeks to provide novel insights into the diagnosis and classification of severe asthma through a transcriptomic lens.
Impact of Cooking Methods on Indoor Air Quality: A Comparative Study of Particulate Matter (PM) and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions
Authors: Tang Ruijie , Sahu Ravi , Su Yizhou , Milsom Adam , Mishra Ashmi , Berkemeier Thomas , Pfrang Christian
Published: November 2024

Cooking activities are responsible for substantial emissions of both particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), two key indoor air pollutants, which can lead to numerous adverse health effects, including premature mortality. Chicken breast was prepared following tightly constrained cooking procedures with contrasting cooking methods in a well‐controlled research kitchen to investigate the PM and VOC emissions by simultaneous measurements with reference instruments (an optical aerosol spectrometer measuring light scattering of single particles for continuous PM monitoring and a proton‐transfer‐reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer [PTR‐ToF‐MS] for VOCs). Peak concentrations of PM2.5 ranked in the order (median [μg m−3]) pan‐frying (92.9), stir‐frying (26.7), deep‐frying (7.7), boiling (0.7), and air‐frying (0.6). Peak concentrations of VOCs ranked in the order (median [ppb]) pan‐frying (260), deep‐frying (230), stir‐frying (110), boiling (30), and air‐frying (20). Key VOCs from different frying methods were identified in a detailed principal component analysis (PCA), including aldehydes, ketones, furans, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkenes, pyrazines, and alkanes. The cooking temperature was found to be the key factor that positively correlated with both PM and VOC emission strength, while the oil weight was negatively correlated with the PM levels. We also determined PM emission rates (varying over a wide range, e.g., for PM2.5 from 0.1 to 2931 μg min−1) and PM exposures (ranging, e.g., for PM2.5 from approximately 2 to more than 1000 μg m−3 min). In addition, by using EPR spectroscopy, we measured environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) that formed from heating and cooking processes at levels of approximately 109 spins μg−1 of PM mass. These EPFR concentrations were shown to be unaffected by ozone exposure.
Evaluation of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) Accessions for Growth, Phytochemical, and Proximate‐Related Traits for Improvement Program
Authors: Dada Oyeyemi Adigun , Adeyemo Teniade Omosebi , Imade Francis Nosakhare , Mavengahama Sydney
Published: November 2024

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an underutilized crop of high economic importance for alleviating food security. However, morpho‐phytochemical variability, which exists among different accessions of V. subterranea of different origins, is sketchy in the literature. Identifying these variations is relevant for evolving strategies necessary for further breeding program to improve its utilization. Therefore, variations in agrobotanical and bioactive compounds among Bambara groundnut accessions were evaluated. Two field trials were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 planting seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Thirty Bambara groundnut accessions were assessed for variations in number of primary branches (NPBs), number of leaves (NLs), plant height (PH), plant canopy width (PCW), plant canopy length (PCL), and biomass. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design (n = 3). Some accessions in distinct clusters were selected for phytochemical and proximate components assessment using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05. The highest NPB was 18.33 recorded in TVSu‐315, whereas TVSu‐1578 had the highest NL (40.00). TVSu‐1874 was taller (13.66 cm), with wider PCW of 18.51 cm and PCL of 18.95 cm. The 30 accessions were clustered into five distinct groups. The concentration of alkaloid (20.6 mg/100 g) in TVSu‐1432 was significantly higher than the concentration in other accessions. In addition, TVSu‐253 had the highest concentration (0.3 mg/100 g) of tannin, which was significantly higher than that of the other accessions. Flavonoid (0.03 mg/100 g) and saponin (2.6 mg/100 g) were highest in TVSu‐2032. TVSu‐1578 had higher ash content (14.0%) than other accessions, whereas TVSu‐2032 had the highest crude fiber of 4.9%. TVSu‐1432 had the highest crude protein (38.2%), ether extract (6.0%), and dry matter (91.1%) relative to other accessions. High coefficients of variation (CV) were recorded in petiole length and dry matter components. Petiole length and dry matter discriminated the 30 Bambara groundnut accessions. TVSu‐1432 was superior with respect to proximate composition, whereas TVSu‐2032 had superior phytochemical constituents.
Agromorphological and Physiological Trait Diversity in Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) Germplasm
Authors: Ambaw Yirssaw Demeke , Abitea Andargachew Gedebo , Olango Temesgen Magule , Aboye Birhanu Mengistu
Published: November 2024

Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a versatile oil crop cultivated for vegetable and oilseed production. Despite the availability of numerous landraces, a comprehensive understanding of their phenotypic diversity remains limited, hindering breeding efforts to improve the crop. This study evaluated 386 Ethiopian mustard accessions for 21 agromorphological and six physiological traits over two growing seasons using an augmented block design. This comprehensive analysis aimed to uncover the extent of phenotypic variation within the germplasm collection and identify promising genotypes with desirable traits for breeding. Significant variation (p ≤ 0.001) was found among accessions, highlighting their substantial phenotypic diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the top 5 components explained 61.23% of the total variation, providing insights into the major contributors to phenotypic variability. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four distinct clusters, with the highest intercluster divergence (18.21) observed between clusters 3 and 4. This suggests the potential for selecting diverse genotypes across phenotypic groups, which could be valuable for broadening the genetic base of breeding programs. Cluster 2 exhibited the highest intracluster distance (6.71) and mean genetic distance (5.23), implying extensive agromorphological and physiological variability, valuable for breeding to develop cultivars with diverse traits. Overall, this study identified several superior performing genotypes: acc‐192, acc‐386, acc‐1, acc‐192, acc‐377, acc‐1, acc‐235, acc‐294, acc‐302, acc‐112, acc‐331, acc‐152, acc‐55, and acc‐72 characterized by high seed yields and oil content. These accessions are promising candidates for further improvement and incorporation into breeding programs. These findings reveal extensive genetic diversity in Ethiopian mustard and provide valuable insights for future breeding programs, highlighting the potential of conserving genetic resources to enhance the crop’s performance, adaptability, and versatility, ultimately supporting sustainable agriculture and alternative energy development initiatives.
Effect of Betaine on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Methotrexate‐Induced Testicular Damage in Mice
Authors: Rezaei-Tazangi Fatemeh , Varaa Negar , Kazemikia Zahra , Goodarzi Arash , Khorsandi Layasadat
Published: November 2024

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely administered to manage various cancers. However, MTX induces spermatogenic defects.

Objective: This study investigated the protective effects of betaine (BET) against MTX–induced testicular damage.

Materials and Methods: Forty‐eight male mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, BET (300 mg/kg), MTX (20 mg/kg), and MTX (20 mg/kg) + BET (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) groups. Testosterone levels, histological changes, sperm quality, apoptosis, and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed to evaluate the protective effects of BET.

Results: MTX disrupted germinal epithelium, reduced sperm quality, and decreased serum testosterone levels, as well as induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testicular tissue. BET dose dependently restored the testosterone levels and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, BET reduced lipid peroxidation, as indicated by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. BET preserved normal spermatogenesis, improved sperm quality, and reduced histological changes by MTX. Moreover, BET reduced apoptosis by decreasing the Bcl‐2 Associated X‐protein (Bax)/B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) ratio in the testicular tissue of the MTX‐intoxicated mice.

Conclusion: The results indicate that BET mitigates testicular harm triggered by MTX by inhibiting apoptosis and decreasing oxidative stress levels.
Mathematical Model of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Dynamics With Double‐Dose Vaccination and Its Impact on Cervical Cancer
Authors: Desta Henok Desalegn , Tilahun Getachew Teshome , Tolasa Tariku Merga , Geleso Mulugeta Geremew
Published: November 2024

We develop a deterministic mathematical model to investigate the transmission dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its impact on cervical cancer. The model divides the population into six classes: susceptible individuals (S(t)), first vaccinated individuals (V(t)), permanently immunized individuals (P(t)), HPV‐infected individuals (IHPV(t)), HPV‐infected individuals with cervical cancer (C(t)), and recovered individuals (R(t)). The study includes analyzing the stability of the disease‐free and endemic equilibriums. The analysis reveals that the disease‐free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when the average number of secondary HPV‐infectious individuals (R0) is less than one and unstable when it is greater than one. A stable local endemic equilibrium occurs when the average number of secondary HPV‐infectious individuals exceeds one, indicating the persistence of the disease in the community. The value of R0 is derived using the next‐generation matrix approach, revealing that HPV‐infected individuals persist in the community. MATLAB 2015a is used to represent the simulation findings visually. The numerical simulation suggests that increasing vaccination coverage and the recovery rate helps to reduce HPV‐infected individuals while reducing the contact rate can effectively control disease transmission.
Evaluation Method for Bearing Capacity of Fine‐Grained Soil Subgrade Based on Multiple Moduli
Authors: Li Danfeng , Liu Weichao , Zhang Guangming
Published: November 2024

The bearing capacity of the existing fine‐grained soil subgrade is mainly achieved by measuring the modulus, and its testing methods can be divided into two categories including static method and dynamic method. The data connection between the two is still lacking in systematic research. The traditional BB (Benkelman Beam) static test has disadvantages such as slow detection speed, low accuracy, and poor reliability due to the use of deflection index, which is not fully applicable to the expressway. To this end, dynamic and static comparison tests were carried out and a rapid test method for subgrade bearing capacity based on Soil Stiffness Gauge (SSG) and Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer (PFWD) with dynamic modulus was proposed. To establish the connectivity of the static and dynamic modulus, modulus‐dependent prediction model was developed. The results show that the multiplier power model with modulus () is superior to the usual linear model (EBB = 0.9415EPFWD − 6.1507, R2 = 0.9639; EBB = 0.7878ESSG − 0.4566,  R2 = 0.8894), and it can replace the traditional BB method. PFWD and SSG were found to be reliable devices with faster and more accurate monitoring of the modulus change of the fine‐grained soil subgrade. But they have the property of overestimating material modulus, the modulus ranking of the three instruments is obtained. In this way, it provides a reference for the dynamic and accurate determination and scientific evaluation of the bearing capacity of the highway subgrade.
Rotaviruses in Pigeons With Diarrhea: Recovery of Three Complete Pigeon Rotavirus A Genomes and the First Case of Pigeon Rotavirus G in Europe
Authors: Łukaszuk Ewa , Dziewulska Daria , Stenzel Tomasz
Published: November 2024

Rotaviruses are well‐recognized pathogens responsible for diarrhea in humans and various animal species, with Rotavirus A the most often detected and most thoroughly described. Rotaviral disease is an important concern in pathology of pigeons as well, as pigeon rotavirus A was proven to play a major role in young pigeon disease (YPD). However, rotaviruses of other groups have been so far understudied in birds. This paper describes the first finding of Rotavirus G in domestic pigeon in Europe, as well as the recovery of three complete genomes of pigeon rotavirus A with Oxford Nanopore Sequencing. Quantification of pigeon rotavirus A genetic material with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in pigeons suffering from diarrhea and in asymptomatic pigeons was also performed in the frameworks of this study and resulted in determination of statistically highly significant differences between the groups in both detection rate and shedding of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the close relationship of acquired strains with those originating from pigeons from Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia, indicating a broad geographical spread of pigeon rotaviruses. Results of our research shed more light on occurrence and diversity of Rotavirus species in pigeons.
Prevalence of Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Bishoftu Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia, and Assessment of Its Economic Loss and Community Awareness
Authors: Bekele Tesfaye , Fentaw Nigate , Teshale Ayichew , Mosu Solomon
Published: November 2024

Background: Hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the intermediate stage of dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus.

Objectives: The study investigated the prevalence of hydatid cysts and the risk factors in cattle slaughtered at the Bishoftu municipal abattoir. It also analyzed the economic loss and community’s awareness of this matter.

Animals: 480 cattle brought for slaughtering were included in the study.

Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in Bishoftu municipal abattoir involving antemortem examination of cattle and postmortem hydatid cyst investigation, assessment of associated economic loss, and community awareness survey. Animals were selected systematically and cysts were investigated using standard meat inspection procedures.

Results: 10.4% of the slaughtered cattle were found positive for hydatid cysts, with no statistically significant association with the considered risk factors. From 85 collected cysts, the lungs accounted for 55.3%, the liver for 29.4%, and the remaining 15.3% were from the spleen, kidney, and heart. About 47.1% of the cysts were fertile and 52.9% were infertile, of which, 37.5% were nonviable. In a survey of 100 individuals, 33.0% were unaware of hydatid disease, and 61.0% were unaware that the disease is zoonotic. Annual economic loss due to the case was estimated at 5,444,564.4 ($97,224.4).

Conclusion: This study identified hydatid disease as a significant issue in cattle in Bishoftu, indicating the need for preventative and control measurements. Strategies such as deworming, controlling street dogs, establishing standardized abattoirs, and raising public awareness should be applied to alleviate the problem in Bishoftu and nationwide.
Supplementary Figure 6 from The Novel Nucleoside Analogue ProTide NUC-7738 Overcomes Cancer Resistance Mechanisms In Vitro and in a First-In-Human Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Schwenzer Hagen , De Zan Erica , Elshani Mustafa , van Stiphout Ruud , Kudsy Mary , Morris Josephine , Ferrari Valentina , Um In Hwa , Chettle James , Kazmi Farasat , Campo Leticia , Easton Alistair , Nijman Sebastian , Serpi Michaela , Symeonides Stefan , Plummer Ruth , Harrison David J. , Bond Gareth , Blagden Sarah P.
Published: November 2024

Figure S6 related to figure 6: Transcriptomic profiling of post-treatment biopsy taken from one patient with melanoma. A) Violine plots of expression of genes pre- and post-treatment for all genes which showed, in at least one condition, more than 100 counts. B) Enrichment plot for TNF alpha signalling via NF-kB pathway (NES = -3.73, FDR=0). C) Expression of core gene set contributing to the leading edge of NF-kB pathway enrichment plot. D) Expressional changes pre-and post-treatment of TOP 10 genes extracted from NF-kB enrichment plot. E) Overlapping genes between all RNAseq data sets obtained during this study, stratified for NF-kB leading edge genes only.
Supplementary Data 2 from Functional Impact of Genomic Complexity on the Transcriptome of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ziccheddu Bachisio , Da Vià Matteo C. , Lionetti Marta , Maeda Akihiro , Morlupi Silvia , Dugo Matteo , Todoerti Katia , Oliva Stefania , D'Agostino Mattia , Corradini Paolo , Landgren Ola , Iorio Francesco , Pettine Loredana , Pompa Alessandra , Manzoni Martina , Baldini Luca , Neri Antonino , Maura Francesco , Bolli Niccolò
Published: November 2024

Differential gene expression analysis of genes with comulative effect
Supplementary Figure 4 from The Novel Nucleoside Analogue ProTide NUC-7738 Overcomes Cancer Resistance Mechanisms In Vitro and in a First-In-Human Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Schwenzer Hagen , De Zan Erica , Elshani Mustafa , van Stiphout Ruud , Kudsy Mary , Morris Josephine , Ferrari Valentina , Um In Hwa , Chettle James , Kazmi Farasat , Campo Leticia , Easton Alistair , Nijman Sebastian , Serpi Michaela , Symeonides Stefan , Plummer Ruth , Harrison David J. , Bond Gareth , Blagden Sarah P.
Published: November 2024

Figure S4 related to figure 4: Transcriptional profiling of 3'-dA and NUC-7738 treated HAP1 cells. Principal component analysis from RNA sequencing to compare gene expression variance between NUC-7738 and 3'-dA treated cells versus control (A) and between the two drugs (B). C) Volcano plot analysis obtained from DEseq2 of NUC-7738 and 3'-dA treated cells at two different concentrations. Significant hits (padj<0.05) are highlighted in purple. Non-significant hits are in red. Annotation of TOP20 hits according to adjusted p value are given. D) Relative proportion of protein coding and non-coding RNAs within the detected transcripts. E) Summary of enriched upregulated REACTOME pathways obtained from NUC-7738 and 3'-dA treated cells. Green and orange indicate NUC-7738 and 3'-dA, respectively. Circle and triangle represent dosing at IC50 and IC90, respectively.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Novel Nucleoside Analogue ProTide NUC-7738 Overcomes Cancer Resistance Mechanisms In Vitro and in a First-In-Human Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Schwenzer Hagen , De Zan Erica , Elshani Mustafa , van Stiphout Ruud , Kudsy Mary , Morris Josephine , Ferrari Valentina , Um In Hwa , Chettle James , Kazmi Farasat , Campo Leticia , Easton Alistair , Nijman Sebastian , Serpi Michaela , Symeonides Stefan , Plummer Ruth , Harrison David J. , Bond Gareth , Blagden Sarah P.
Published: November 2024

Figure S1 related to Figure 2: Genome wide haploid genetic screen identifies genes necessary for the activity of 3'-dA and NUC-7738. A) Number of unique gene trap sense insertions and significant gene hits found in the haploid genetic screen. B) Venn diagram indicating the overlap of significant hits found for NUC-7738 treatment.
Figure 2 from The Novel Nucleoside Analogue ProTide NUC-7738 Overcomes Cancer Resistance Mechanisms In Vitro and in a First-In-Human Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Schwenzer Hagen , De Zan Erica , Elshani Mustafa , van Stiphout Ruud , Kudsy Mary , Morris Josephine , Ferrari Valentina , Um In Hwa , Chettle James , Kazmi Farasat , Campo Leticia , Easton Alistair , Nijman Sebastian , Serpi Michaela , Symeonides Stefan , Plummer Ruth , Harrison David J. , Bond Gareth , Blagden Sarah P.
Published: November 2024

Genome-wide haploid genetic screen identifies genes necessary for the activity of 3′-dA and NUC-7738. A, Flowchart of insertional mutagenesis haploid screen. B, Venn diagram illustrating the overlap of genes found in 3′-dA and NUC-7738–treated samples. C, Bubble plots of 4 independent experiments. 3′-dA and NUC-7738 treatment was performed at given concentrations. P value is given on Y axis and genes sorted by their genomic location on X axis. Bubble sizes represent the number of unique insertions that were detected.
Supplementary Table 2 from Tumor Cell IDO Enhances Immune Suppression and Decreases Survival Independent of Tryptophan Metabolism in Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhai Lijie , Bell April , Ladomersky Erik , Lauing Kristen L. , Bollu Lakshmi , Nguyen Brenda , Genet Matthew , Kim Miri , Chen Peiwen , Mi Xinlei , Wu Jennifer D. , Schipma Matthew J. , Wray Brian , Griffiths John , Unwin Richard D. , Clark Simon J. , Acharya Rajesh , Bao Riyue , Horbinski Craig , Lukas Rimas V. , Schiltz Gary E. , Wainwright Derek A.
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Table 2. Nucleic acid-based reagents utilized.
Figure 3 from Elraglusib Induces Cytotoxicity via Direct Microtubule Destabilization Independently of GSK3 Inhibition
Authors: Coats Josh T. , Li Shuyu , Tanaka Tomoyuki U. , Tauro Sudhir , Sutherland Calum , Saurin Adrian T.
Published: November 2024

Elraglusib acts via direct MT destabilization (A–J). Example images (A) of MCF7 cells treated with nocodazole (Noco), paclitaxel (Taxol), elraglusib (Elr), and CT99021 (CT). MCF7 cells were treated for 24 hours before fixation and IF microscopy. Ten mitotic cells were imaged per coverslip; images are representative of three independent experiments. Tubulin fractionation experiments comparing soluble (S) and insoluble (I) tubulin by immunoblot in MCF7 (B and C), K299 (D and E) and HH (F and G) cells. Cells were treated for 5 hours and lysed in MT stabilization buffer before fractionation into soluble (S) and insoluble (I) tubulin and analysis by immunoblot. Quantification was performed by normalizing to actin loading control and then to the experimental control. Blots are representative of three independent experiments, and quantification combines three independent experiments. Fold change calculated vs. control, error bars represent SEM, and statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA, with P ≤ 0.05. Scale bars, 10 μm. H, Kymographs illustrating dynamics of MT growth in vitro in the absence of drug (control) or the presence of 3.3 μmol/L nocodazole, 1, 2, 3, or 10 μmol/L elraglusib. Rhodamine-labeled short stable MTs were seeded on the coverslip, and 12 μmol/L tubulins (containing 4% fluorescent HiLyte 488 tubulins) were added to the reaction to generate and visualize dynamic MTs. Scale bars, 2 μm. I and J, Quantification of MT growth rate (I) and catastrophe frequency (J) with no drug treatment (control) or with 3.3 μmol/L nocodazole, 1, 2, 3 or 10 μmol/L elraglusib. The number of analyzed MT growth events: n = 34 for control; n = 42 for 3.3 μmol/L nocodazole; and n = 43, 24, and 21 for 1, 2, and 3 μmol/L elraglusib, respectively. MT catastrophe frequency was analyzed for dynamic MT on individual MT seeds–the number of analyzed MT seeds: n = 13 for control; n = 20 for 3.3 μmol/L nocodazole; and n = 13, 18, and 15 for 1, 2, and 3 μmol/L elraglusib, respectively. Error bars represent SD. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA, with P ≤ 0.05. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
Does the Digital Divide Accelerate Cognitive Function Decline Related to the Poor Management of Diabetes in Later Life?
Authors: Luo Yanan , Su Binbin , Zheng Feiran , Zheng Xiaoying
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The objective was to investigate the role of the digital divide in the association between diabetes and cognitive function among adults aged 50 and above. Methods: This study used pooled prospective data from four cohort studies across 31 countries: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2010 to 2018. A total of 107,188 participants aged 50 years old and above were involved. The mixed-effects linear regression models were used to analyze the data. To illustrate the cognitive function scores for diabetes and digital divide status, we used margin plots. Results: The presence of diabetes was found to be associated with a notable reduction in the global cognitive function score (unadjusted β = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.28, −0.25). Even after accounting for various covariates, this association remained statistically significant. Additionally, when adjusting for both covariates and digital divide, the coefficient slightly decreased. The presence of the digital divide was found to have a significant association with the decline in cognitive function scores related to diabetes. Specifically, the digital divide was shown to be statistically significant in its correlation with the decrease in global cognitive function scores for both individuals with and without diabetes (p = 0.015). Similar trends were observed in the scores for memory, numeracy, and orientation. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of addressing the digital divide to promote healthy aging. Developing digital interventions targeting diabetes-related cognitive impairments and fostering digital inclusion among older adults with diabetes hold significant value in preventing cognitive impairments associated with diabetes.
Peripapillary and Macular OCTA Predictors of Visual Improvement in Patients Treated with Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Mastrogiuseppe Elvia , Visioli Giacomo , Albanese Giuseppe Maria , Iannetti Ludovico , Romano Enrico , Guillot Antonio , Lucchino Luca , Gharbiya Magda
Published: November 2024

Introduction: We investigated the changes of peripapillary and macular microvasculature in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (iERM) eyes before and after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), aiming to identify potential optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) predictors of visual acuity improvement.
Methods: Fifty-seven eyes diagnosed with iERM were enrolled and underwent PPV with ERM and Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Data were collected before surgery and during the twelve-month postoperative period. OCTA analysis focused on radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP, respectively). Functional, and OCT structural outcomes, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular thickness, were also recorded.
Results: Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher preoperative RPC VD, lower SCP VD, and lower BCVA were predictors of postoperative BCVA improvement (p<0.001, p=0.047, and p<0.001, respectively). Throughout the follow-up period, there was an observed increase in intradisc RPC VD, whole-disc VD, and parafoveal DCP VD (all p<0.001). BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) demonstrated significant improvement (p<0.001) within the first month following vitrectomy, which then stabilized from the third month onwards.
Conclusions: Preoperative microvascular measurements in iERM patients can forecast postoperative BCVA. OCTA findings reveal that both increased RPC density and reduced SCP density at baseline could serve as predictors of better visual outcomes after surgery. Enhanced RPC density may reflect a healthier optic nerve with greater potential for visual recovery, while a less dense SCP could indicate less iERM contraction, both contributing to more favorable postoperative visual results.
The Impact of Combined Therapy with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Montmorillonite Powder on the Inflammatory Response in Pediatric Rotavirus Enteritis
Authors: Wei Qiong , Song Li-yao , Rao Rui , Yang Hong-wei , Wen Yao-ping , Lv Li , Wang Li
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the compound Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with montmorillonite powder on the inflammatory response in children with rotavirus enteritis (RVE).
Methods: A total of 94 children with RVE admitted to our hospital between June 2021 and April 2023 were selected and divided into two groups using a random digit table method. Each group consisted of 47 children. Both groups were administered standard symptomatic treatment upon admission. The control group was additionally administered montmorillonite powder, while the observation group was administered compound L. acidophilus tablets in addition to the treatment administered to the control group. Both the treatments were administered for a duration of five days. Parameters such as clinical efficacy, symptom relief time (diarrhea, vomiting, fever, dehydration), inflammatory response (C-reactive protein (CRP)), and adverse reactions (constipation, bloating, drowsiness, skin allergy, dry mouth) were compared between the two groups.
Results: Post-treatment, the observation group exhibited a significantly higher total effective rate (95.74%) compared to the control group (78.72%). The symptom relief time for diarrhea ((2.23±0.48) days), vomiting ((1.38±0.25) days), fever ((1.91±0.68) days), and dehydration ((2.74±0.53) days) in the observation group were all significantly shorter than those in the control group ((3.42±0.71) days, (2.65±0.54) days, (2.76±0.84) days, and (4.60±0.89) days), respectively. The post-treatment CRP levels in the observation group were (5.26±1.32) mg/L, lower than those in the control group (7.45±1.58) mg/L, although this difference was not statistically significant. The incidence of adverse reactions was 14.89% in the observation group and 8.51% in the control group, with no significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion: The combination of compound L. acidophilus and montmorillonite effectively shortens the symptom recovery time and improves inflammatory response in children with RVE, while maintaining a high safety profile.
Historical Perspective of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Faisal , Cheema Asfand Yar , Shahid Daniyal , Maryam Bibi , Mukhopadhyay Debduti , Munir Mishaal , Najam Ali , Ali Hossam M. , Bashir Qaiser , Anwer Faiz
Published: November 2024

Background: Advances in novel therapies have improved outcomes for multiple myeloma (MM) patients and the use of allo-SCT has decreased. Current guidelines no longer support allo-SCT as consolidation therapy for newly diagnosed MM, even in high-risk cases.
Summary: Allo-SCT is now typically considered only within clinical trials for young, high-risk patients with relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM). It has not proven favorable despite its historical use. CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies have shown promise in treating triple- and penta-exposed/refractory MM, yet relapse remains common with poor survival rates. The efficacy of allo-SCT following BCMA-directed therapy and other new T-cell-directed therapies is unclear. Allo-SCT might be a viable option for eligible patients who relapse after these therapies, or where such options are unavailable. Advancements in reduced-intensity conditioning regimens have led to lower toxicity and transplant-related (TR) morbidity, lower graft versus host disease (GVHD) and TR mortality. Expanded use of alternative donors, like haploidentical donors, has yielded comparable outcomes. Better post-transplant GVHD regimens and maintenance strategies to prevent relapse have been developed.
Key Messages: This review analyzes available literature to better understand the safety, efficacy, and current role of allo-SCT in managing MM. Newer regimens are needed as routine use of allo-SCT cannot be recommended.
Effects of a protease inhibitor camostat mesilate on gut microbial function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Kanazawa Motoyori , Miyamoto Kentaro , Kano Michiko , Inooka Kyoko , Oka Kentaro , Takahashi Motomichi , Mano Nariyasu , Fukudo Shin
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Increased fecal protease activity which may induce visceral hypersensitivity has been observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Serine proteases modulate FK506 binding protein (FKBP)-type peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity associated with immune and glucocorticoid receptor functions. The aims were to investigate whether camostat mesilate (CM), a serine protease inhibitor, modifies fecal bacterial function associated with FKBP-type PPIases ameliorates in patients with IBS.
Methods: Randomly assigned 16 patients with IBS received 200 mg po tid of CM and 16 patients received placebo for 14 days. Self-reported adequate relief (AR) as a primary endpoint, IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) and colonic motor and pain thresholds to colorectal distention were assessed before and after treatment. The fecal bacterial content was inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence data using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database.
Results: CM significantly increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and the functional abundances of serine protease and FKBP-type PPIase FklB and SlyD more than placebo after treatment. CM treatment was not superior to placebo in proportion of AR although colonic motor response partially changed.
Conclusion: CM modulated the fecal microbiome composition and functional potentials that are related to FKBP-type PPIase activity in IBS patients. These findings suggest that protease inhibitors may modify gut microbial function along with abnormal immunological and/or stress responses that underlie pathophysiology of IBS.
Using smartphone data to frequently measure atopic dermatitis severity and understand triggers: A decentralized 12-week observational study
Authors: Ali Zarqa , Allerup Johan Anker Chrom , Andersen Anders Daniel , Ko Justin M. , Zibert John R. , Thomsen Simon Francis
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Atopic dermatitis (AD) severity is traditionally evaluated during in-office consultations; however, this does not provide continuous monitoring and any intermittent flare/remission cycles are usually not recorded.
The aim was to apply smartphone technology to evaluate AD severity; to explore if severity based on highly frequent sampling of photographs are associated with patient reported outcomes, and to investigate disease fluctuations and trigger associations based on passively collected environmental data.
Methods
In this 12-week decentralized observational study adult patients with AD were recruited online and used a tailored remote clinical trial platform app to perform all study tasks including capturing photographs and completing the patient-oriented eczema measure (POEM) weekly. AD severity was assessed based on photographs using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). Geographical location collected in the app was used to retrieve data on ambient temperature and carbon monoxide (CO), a common air pollutant.
Results
A total of 42 patients (35 women) were recruited online. A total of 712 photographs were taken, with an average of 17 photographs per participant. Photographic SCORAD (r=0.450) and EASI (r=0.206) were significantly associated with subjective severity POEM. Patients experiencing AD fluctuation (n=10) based on SCORAD had significantly higher risk of also having a psychiatric disorder (60 vs. 17%, p=0.008). Anxiety was significantly associated with disease fluctuation based on EASI (40 vs. 7%, p=0.01) and a tendency was observed for depression (40 vs. 13%, p=0.06). Decreasing temperature was significantly associated with higher POEM (estimate -0.18, p=0.012) and EASI score (estimate -0.14, p=0.007), but not with SCORAD. High levels of CO were significantly associated with higher SCORAD (estimate 15.9, p<0.001).
Conclusion
In this small study with predominance of young adults, primarily women, we were able to recruit patients and monitor AD entirely remotely via smartphone-enabled photographic assessments, patient reported outcomes and passively collected environmental data without physical contact between patient and investigator.
Comprehensive Analysis of RNA Methylation-Regulated Gene Signature and Immune Infiltration in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Liu Wei-Hua , Cao Fang , Lin Miao , Hong Fu-Yuan
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The morbidity and mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) are increasing. Epigenetic regulation and immune cell infiltration are thought to be involved in AKI. However, the relationship between epigenetic regulation and immune cell infiltration in AKI has not been elucidated. This study was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed RNA methylation genes (DEMGs), and infiltrated immune cells in the kidneys of ischemia-reperfusion induced-acute kidney injury (IRI-AKI) models and further explore their relationships in IRI-AKI. Methods: This is a bioinformatic analysis using R programming language in 3 selected IRI-AKI datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 16 IRI-AKI kidney tissues and 10 normal kidney tissues. The DEGs were screened, and enrichment pathways were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The DEMGs and core DEMGs were identified using the R package. The ROC curve was plotted to predict disease occurrence of 7 core DEMGs. The correlation of 7 core DEMGs and other genes was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of each DEMG was conducted using the R package. The upstream miRNAs and transcript factors of 7 core DEMGs were predicted based on the RegNetwork database and Cytoscape software. The STITCH database was used to predict the possible binding compounds of the 7 core DEMGs. Immune cell infiltration in kidney tissues between the IRI-AKI group and control group was evaluated using the R package. Results: A total of 2,367 DEGs were obtained, including 1,180 upregulated and 1,187 downregulated genes in IRI-AKI kidney associated with the cell structure, proliferation, molecule binding/interaction, and signaling pathways such as the leukocyte migration and chemokine signaling pathways. Ten DEMGs were identified, with Ythdf1, Rbm15, Trmt6, Hnrnpc, and Dnmt1 being significantly upregulated, while Lrpprc, Cyfip2, Mettl3, Ncbp2, and Nudt7 were significantly downregulated in IRI-AKI tissues. The molecules interacting with 7 core DEMGs were identified. Significant changes in the infiltration of 8 types of immune cells were observed in IRI-AKI kidneys compared to normal controls. The significant correlation between 6 core DEMGs and the infiltration of immune cells was observed. Conclusion: IRI may induce AKI through RNA methylation to regulate the expression of genes involved in immune cell infiltration.
Optimal reactive power dispatch using modified-ant lion optimizer with flexible AC transmission systems devices
Authors: Chaitanya Sela Naga Venkata Sri Krishna , Bakkiyaraj R. Ashok , Rao Bathina Venkateswara , Jayanthi Kalikrishnan
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on reactive power planning in the IEEE30-bus test system, specifically involving the integration of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) within the utility system. The primary objective is to minimize power loss and voltage deviation. To address this, a recently developed optimization algorithm called modified ant-lion optimizer (MALO) is applied to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem on the IEEE 30-bus system. A comparative analysis is conducted between the results obtained with and without FACTS devices. The findings reveal that the utilization of FACTS devices leads to significantly improved outcomes compared to scenarios without FACTS devices. Among the FACTS devices studied, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) demonstrates superior performance compared to the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and interline power flow controller (IPFC).
Fusing Xception and ResNet50 features for robust grape leaf disease classification
Authors: Vo Hoang-Tu , Chau Mui Kheo , Nguyen Thien Nhon
Published: November 2024

Grapes are one of the most widely cultivated fruits worldwide, and their economic and nutritional value makes them a significant crop in agriculture. However, grape plants are vulnerable to various diseases that can have detrimental effects on crop yield and quality. Accurate and timely identification of grape leaf diseases is crucial for efficient disease control and ensuring sustainable viticulture practices. In this study, we present a disease classification model specifically designed for grape leaves. The model incorporates bilinear pooling, utilizing the intermediate features extracted from two powerful convolutional neural network (CNN) models, Xception, and ResNet50. The outer product operation is applied to the extracted features, enabling the capture of intricate interactions and relationships between the features. The accurate classification of grape leaf diseases provided by our model offers significant benefits for grape farmers, vineyard owners, and agricultural researchers. It facilitates early disease detection, enabling proactive disease management strategies. Additionally, it assists in optimizing crop health, minimizing yield losses, and ensuring sustainable grape production.
Fault diagnosis of power transformer using random forest based combined classifier
Authors: Prasojo Rahman Azis , Sutjipto Rachmat , Hanif Muhammad Rafi , Dermawan Chalvyn Rahmat , Kurniawan Indra
Published: November 2024

In the power system, transformers are crucial electrical equipment that require an insulator or dielectric material, such as paper immersed in insulating oil, to prevent electrical contact between components. The dissolved gas analysis (DGA) test is important for diagnosing and determining the maintenance recommendations for transformers. The duval triangle method (DTM) is commonly used to identify faults in transformers. The data used in this article are from DGA test of power transformers in East Java and Bali transmission main unit (UIT JBM). The DGA data were analyzed based on the IEEE C57.104-2019 standards, and by using the developed random forest (RF) classifier-based DTM for easier software implementation and better accuracy. The results of fault identification in 6 transformers case study showed a low-thermal fault (T1)300 °C in transformer 1, where methane gas increased, stray gassing (S) in transformer 5 due to escalating hydrogen gas production, overheating (O)≤250 °C indicated in transformers 2 and 6 due to rising ethane gas production. Transformers 3 and 4 were found in normal condition. This fault identification is done to enhance the accuracy of maintenance recommendation action based on DGA.
Metamaterial inspired miniaturized ultra-wideband monopole hexagonal antenna with triple band-filter functions
Authors: Elhabchi Mourad , Bour Mohamed , Atouf Issam , Zaarane Abdelmoghit
Published: November 2024

In this letter, a new technique to the design of an ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole hexagonal antenna with triple band-rejected functions and to restrict the interferences with the exist bands is proposed, the design has the form of a hexagonal patch and a ground plane having rectangular shaped etched in the back side of the substrate to achieve the UWB behavior. The triple-band filter feature is generated by inserting a metamaterial (MTM) as a split ring resonator slots (SRRs) and a complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) strip, thus no extra size is needed. The triple band-elimination is for 3.3-3.9 GHz centered at 3.5 GHz for 5G band, 4.99-5.4 GHz centered at 5.2 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) band, and 6.2-6.8 GHz centered at 6.5 GHz for IEEE INSAT/Supra-extended C-band. The antenna dimension has a compact size of 20×25×1.6 mm3. Current distribution on the antenna is used to analyze the effect of MTMs on the antenna operations. The simple structure and small size of the antenna makes it suitable for most of the wireless communication systems.
Facial micro-expression classification through an optimized convolutional neural network using genetic algorithm
Authors: Santosh Naidana Krishna , Yarra Yaswanth , Prasanna Divvela Lakshmi
Published: November 2024

Computer vision facilitates machines to interpret the visual world using various computer aided detection (CAD)-based techniques. It plays a crucial role in micro-expression auto classification. A micro-expression is a brief facial movement which reveals a genuine emotion that a person tries to conceal, it usually lasts for a short duration and is imperceptible with normal vision. To reveal people’s genuine emotions, an automatic micro-expression screening using convolutional neural network (CNN) is in great need. Traditional methods for micro-expression recognition (MER) suffer from low classification accuracy due to inadequate CNN hyperparameters selection. The proposed approach addresses these challenges by using an optimized CNN with adequate learning rate, batch size, epochs, and dropout rate. Real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) has been employed for the hyperparameter optimization. In this experimentation, features are extracted from the onset and apex frames of microexpression video clips of CASME II dataset. The proposed model's performance is measured using various metrics, including accuracy, precision, and recall. The proposed approach’s performance is then compared with an optimized CNN using random search algorithm. The empirical investigation of existing CNN-based methods has proven efficacy of our proposed model.