bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Δομική και βιοχημική μελέτη πρωτεϊνών δέσμευσης οσφρητικών μορίων από έντομα
Authors: Λίγγρη Παναγιώτα
Published: March 2023

Τα κουνούπια, οι κύριοι φορείς πολλαπλών παρασίτων και ιών, αποτελούν ένααπό τα πιο επικίνδυνα ζώα στον πλανήτη προκαλώντας πάνω από ένα εκατομμύριοθανάτους ετησίως. Ο μεγάλος αριθμός θανάτων που οφείλονται σε αυτά καθιστάεπιτακτική την ανάγκη ελέγχου των εντόμων διαβιβαστών. Ο πιο κοινός καιαποτελεσματικός τρόπος περιορισμού τους είναι η χρήση εντομοαπωθητικών.Οι οσφρητικές πρωτεΐνες δέσμευσης οσμογόνων μορίων (OBPs) συμμετέχουνστο εναρκτήριο στάδιο του οσφρητικού μεταγωγικού μονοπατιού, γεγονός που τιςκαθιστά ιδανικούς μοριακούς στόχους για την ανακάλυψη και το σχεδιασμό νέωνεντομοαπωθητικών χημικών ενώσεων και μιγμάτων τους.Ο προσδιορισμός της τριτοταγούς δομής των OBPs αλλά και των συμπλόκωντους με προσδέτες, παρέχει λεπτομερείς πληροφορίες τόσο για τη συνολική δομή όσοκαι για τις επιμέρους αλληλεπιδράσεις πρωτεΐνης - πρωτεΐνης και πρωτεΐνης –προσδετών, στοιχεία που δύνανται να οδηγήσουν στην εύρεση αποτελεσματικότερων,ασφαλέστερων και φιλικών προς το περιβάλλον χημικών μέσων ελέγχου τωνκουνουπιών.Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας Διδακτορικής διατριβής μελετήθηκαν οι πρωτεΐνεςτου ανωφελή κώνωπα AgamOBP1, AgamOBP4 και AgamOBP5, καθώς και ηπρωτεΐνη AealOBP1 του κουνουπιού Aedes albopictus. Όσον αφορά τις πρωτεΐνεςAgamOBP1, AgamOBP4 ανακαλύφθηκαν έξι νέοι προσδέτες με την προσέγγιση τηςΑντίστροφης Χημικής Οικολογίας (ΑΧΟ). Προσδιορίστηκαν επίσης οι τρισδιάστατεςδομές των AgamOBP5 και AealOBP1. Ταυτοποιήθηκαν δύο κέντρα σύνδεσης στηνAgamOBP5 που προσδένονται μονοτερπένια (καρβακρόλη, θυμόλη), αναδεικνύοντάςτην ως τον πρώτο μοριακό στόχο μεταξύ των OBPs με εξειδίκευση για μονοτερπένια.Ενώ παράλληλα ο προσδιορισμός της τρισδιάστατης δομής της AealOBP1 καθιστάδυνατή την ανάδειξή ενός επιπλέον μοριακού στόχου για την εφαρμογή της προσέγγισηΑΧΟ με βάση τις OBP.Τα ερευνητικά αποτελέσματα αυτής της διατριβής συμβάλλουν στηνκατανόηση της μοριακής βάσης της αναγνώρισης οσμών από τις OBPs. Είναισημαντικό ότι διευρύνει τον αριθμό των διαθέσιμων μοριακών στόχων και απωθητικώνενώσεων, ανοίγοντας το δρόμο για την ανακάλυψη νέων. Ως εκ τούτου, συμβάλλειστην ενίσχυση του χημικού μας οπλοστασίου για τον έλεγχο των ασθενειών πουμεταδίδονται από τα κουνούπια
Κριτικός γραμματισμός στα μέσα
Authors: Γρόλλιου Μαλαματή
Published: March 2023

Κεντρικός σκοπός της διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της παρουσίας του κριτικού γραμματισμού στα Μέσα στην ελληνική πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση. Με βάση την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία αλλά και συμβάλλοντας σε αυτήν, η εργασία ανατρέχει στο θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο του κριτικού γραμματισμού στα Μέσα και το πραγματεύεται, για να συνεχίσει με αυτό των σύγχρονων αναλυτικών προγραμμάτων και σχολικών εγχειριδίων ως πρωτογενές υλικό της έρευνας, αποσκοπώντας να απαντήσει στο ερώτημα εάν και πώς παρουσιάζεται ο κριτικός γραμματισμός στα Μέσα στα ισχύοντα μέχρι σήμερα αναλυτικά προγράμματα σπουδών και σχολικά εγχειρίδια. Η διατριβή διαρθρώνεται σε δύο μέρη (θεωρητικό και ερευνητικό). Όσον αφορά το πρώτο μέρος, αρχικά γίνεται αναλυτική αναφορά στις σημαντικότερες θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις για τα Μέσα, παράθεση βασικών στοιχείων γύρω από την ιστορική και κοινωνική εξέλιξη του εκάστοτε Μέσου της εργασίας (ραδιόφωνο, τηλεόραση, κινηματογράφος, διαδίκτυο) καθώς και συζήτηση των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών του καθενός. Ακολουθεί γενική προσέγγιση της έννοιας του γραμματισμού η οποία οδηγεί στο γραμματισμό στα Μέσα, τις απόπειρες ορισμού του, τη σχέση του με την επίσημη εκπαίδευση και τις εκάστοτε προσεγγίσεις του. Τέλος, το θεωρητικό μέρος της διατριβής, ακολουθώντας την τυπολογία των Kellner και Share, επικεντρώνεται στον κριτικό γραμματισμό στα Μέσα, πραγματοποιώντας αναλυτική αναφορά στις βασικές ιδέες του έτσι όπως διατυπώθηκαν από τον Paulo Freire, καθώς και από τους πλέον αναγνωρισμένους εκπροσώπους της κριτικής παιδαγωγικής (Henry Giroux, Michael Apple και Peter McLaren). Το δεύτερο μέρος της διατριβής περιλαμβάνει την έρευνα, εξετάζοντας τα επίσημα κείμενα που την αφορούν, δηλαδή τα ΔΕΠΠΣ-ΑΠΣ και τα σχολικά εγχειρίδια όλων των τάξεων του ελληνικού δημοτικού σχολείου. Παρατίθεται η μεθοδολογία για τη συγκέντρωση και μελέτη του υλικού και δηλώνεται πως η μέθοδος ανάλυσής του είναι η ποιοτική ανάλυση περιεχομένου. Ακολουθεί η παρουσίαση των σταδίων της ερευνητικής διαδικασίας, διατυπώνονται τα κριτήρια επιλογής του υλικού και γίνεται αναφορά στα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά του, τη θέση του στην ελληνική πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση, καθώς και το κοινωνικοπολιτικό και ιδεολογικό πλαίσιο στο οποίο σχεδιάστηκε και εφαρμόστηκε. Ακολουθεί μια λεπτομερέστερη παρουσίασή του και διατυπώνονται τα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα βάσει των οποίων συγκροτούνται οι κατηγορίες και υποκατηγορίες ανάλυσής του, ενώ παράλληλα ορίζεται ο τρόπος προσέγγισης των κειμένων που το απαρτίζουν και η μονάδα ανάλυσης στην οποία βασίζεται η αποδελτίωση των σχετικών με το θέμα αναφορών. Το ερευνητικό μέρος της εργασίας ολοκληρώνουν τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης και τα συνολικά συμπεράσματά της όπου καταδεικνύεται το ότι στην ελληνική πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση τα Μέσα παρουσιάζονται ως κοινωνικοοικονομικά, πολιτικά και ιδεολογικά ουδέτερα, με την κυριαρχία ατομικών δραστηριοτήτων αντικειμενικού τύπου και τη λογική της κοινωνικής αποτελεσματικότητας που τα διέπει να έρχονται σε άκρα αντίθεση με τους σκοπούς και το περιεχόμενο του κριτικού γραμματισμού στα Μέσα.
Συσχέτιση αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων PM2,5 και κλιματολογικών συνθηκών στο πολεοδομικό συγκρότημα Βόλου με αναπνευστικά και καρδιαγγειακά νοσήματα
Authors: Κανελλόπουλος Νικόλαος
Published: March 2023

Η ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση υπολογίζεται ότι ευθύνεται για 4,2 εκατομμύρια θανάτους παγκοσμίως. Τα αιωρούμενα σωματίδια με διάμετρο <2.5 μm (PM2.5) είναι ένας σημαντικός παράγοντας της ανθρωπογενούς ρύπανσης και πιστεύεται ότι είναι από τους πιο επιβλαβείς, καθώς όταν εισπνέονται μπορούν να διεισδύσουν βαθιά στους πνεύμονες προκαλώντας την ανάπτυξη οξέων αναπνευστικών παθήσεων. Σκοπός της προοπτικής αυτής μελέτης ήταν να εξετάσει τη συσχέτιση μεταξύ των ημερήσιων συγκεντρώσεων PM2.5 στην ημι-αστική πόλη του Βόλου και των επισκέψεων στο ΤΕΠ Παιδιατρικής και Παθολογικής για παθήσεις του αναπνευστικού συστήματος. Όλες οι επισκέψεις στο ΤEΠ ασθενών με άσθμα, πνευμονία και λοίμωξη ανώτερου αναπνευστικού καταγράφηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια ενός έτους. Τα 24ωρα δεδομένα για τη ρύπανση της ατμόσφαιρας με PM2.5 συλλέχθηκαν προοπτικά από δώδεκα πλήρως αυτοματοποιημένους σταθμούς παρακολούθησης της ποιότητας του αέρα.Τα επίπεδα PM2.5 υπερέβησαν το ημερήσιο όριο των 25μg/m3 του ΠΟΥ κατά το 48,6% της περιόδου μελέτης, με τη μέση ετήσια συγκέντρωση PM2.5 να είναι 30,03 ± 17,47μg/m3 πάνω από το όριο του ΠΟΥ των 10μg/m3. Τα επίπεδα PM2.5 ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερα κατά τη διάρκεια του χειμώνα. Όταν τα επίπεδα PM2.5 ήταν πάνω από το ημερήσιο όριο, παρατηρήθηκε αύξηση κατά 32,44% (p<0,001) στις επισκέψεις στο ΤΕΠ Παιδιατρικής για αναπνευστικές παθήσεις και η αύξηση ήταν πολύ μεγαλύτερη την άνοιξη (21,19%, p= 0,018). Μια αύξηση κατά 32% (p <0,001) παρατηρήθηκε στις επισκέψεις για λοιμώξεις ανωτέρου αναπνευστικού, όταν τα επίπεδα PM2.5 ≥25 μg/m3, σε σύγκριση με τις μέσες ημερήσιες προσελεύσεις όταν τα επίπεδα PM2.5 ήταν <25 μg/m3. Επίσης, υπήρξε μια στατιστικά σημαντική αύξηση στις επισκέψεις TEΠ ενηλίκων για παθήσεις σχετιζόμενες με το αναπνευστικό (1,77 έναντι 2,22 επισκέψεων την ημέρα, p=0,018). Τα επίπεδα PM2.5 είχαν επίσης στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση με τον αριθμό των επισκέψεων ΤΕΠ για λοιμώξεις ανώτερου αναπνευστικού (0,71 έναντι 0,99 επισκέψεις/ημέρα, p=0,01). Η θερμοκρασία συσχετίστηκε αρνητικά με τις επισκέψεις ΤΕΠ (r:-0,21; p <0,001), η ηλικία θετικά (r:0,69; p <0,001), ενώ δεν βρέθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση για την υγρασία (r:0,03, p=0,58). Συμπερασματικά, τα επίπεδα PM2.5 είχαν σημαντική επίδραση στις επισκέψεις TEΠ παιδιών και ενηλίκων για αναπνευστικά νοσήματα στην πόλη του Βόλου.
Τηλεκπαίδευση επαγγελματιών υγείας και φροντιστών στην νόσο αλτσχάιμερ, για τη χάραξη κοινωνικής πολιτικής και πολιτικής υγείας
Authors: Χαρδαλιάς Κωνσταντίνος
Published: March 2023

Στην σημερινή εποχή πλέον, η τηλεκπαίδευση των επαγγελματιών-φροντιστών υγείας, πλέον αποτελεί, ένα συνεχώς αναπτυσσόμενο κομμάτι επαγγελματικής εκπαίδευσης, το οποίο και στοχεύει στην συνεχή εξέλιξη και εκπαιδευτική κατάρτιση αυτών των επαγγελματιών εργαζομένων.Όλοι αυτοί οι εργαζόμενοι ως επαγγελματίες φροντιστές υποστηρικτικής φροντίδας, αφενός εργάζονται σε διάφορες δομές ανα τον κόσμο και ανα την επικράτεια, αφετέρου πλέον έχουν την δυνατότητα να παρακολουθούν εκπαιδευτικές ημερίδες και να συμμετέχουν σε πολλές & ποικίλες εκπαιδευτικές συνεδρίες, κυρίως πλέον διαδικτυακές συνεδρίες. Συνεδρίες, οι οποίες και έχουν ως σκοπό αφενός το να ενημερώσουν τους φροντιστές υγείας για τις νέες τάσεις πρακτικής παρέμβασης στον τομέα της υποστηρικτικής φροντίδας και αφετέρου το να τους παρέχουν όλα αυτά τα πρακτικά & ψηφιακά εργαλεία εφηρμοσμένης επαγγελματικής υποστήριξης και φροντίδας, ώστε να λαμβάνουν οι ηλικιωμένοι ασθενείς με νόσο αλτσχάϊμερ, την μέγιστη δυνατή περίθαλψη καθώς και υψηλής ποιότητας υπηρεσίες υγείας.Τέλος, αναφέρεται ότι, η περαιτέρω κατάρτιση και εκπαίδευση των φροντιστών υγείας, ενισχύει την ειδική αυτή Υγειονομική Παρέμβαση ως Πυλώνα Καταλυτικής Διαχείρισης της Πολιτικής Υγείας, εντός των πλαισίων διαλειτουργικότητας της & επιρροής της στην κοινότητα, την σημερινή εποχή.
Reclaiming scalability and privacy in the decentralized setting
Authors: Θυφρονίτης-Λήτος Ορφέας-Στέφανος
Published: March 2023

Η έλευση των blockchains έχει διευρύνει τον ορίζοντα των δυνατοτήτων σε νέες αποκεντρωμένες εφαρμογές και πρωτόκολλα που δεν ήταν δυνατά πριν. Ο σχεδιασμός και η υλοποίηση τέτοιων εφαρμογών, όπως η προσφορά νέων τρόπων ανθρώπινης αλληλεπίδρασης ή η παράκαμψη των μειονεκτημάτων των υπάρχοντων blockchains, απαιτεί την ανάλυση της ασφάλειάς τους με σχολαστική και πολύπλευρη προσέγγιση. Πράγματι, η επιφάνεια επίθεσης αποκεντρωμένων εφαρμογών χωρίς εμπιστοσύνη είναι μακράν πιο ευρεία από εκείνη των κλασικών εφαρμογών με δομή πελάτη-διακομιστή. Επιθυμητές ιδιότητες όπως η ασφάλεια, η ιδιωτικότητα και η κλιμάκωση είναι εφικτές μέσω εγκαθιδρυμένων και ευρέως εφαρμοσμένων προσεγγίσεων στην περίπτωση κεντροποιημένων συστημάτων, στην οποία οι πελάτες μπορούν να εμπιστευθούν τρίτους διακομιστές. Είναι όμως δυνατό για τους πελάτες να αυτοοργανωθούν και να επιτύχουν αυτές τις ιδιότητες σε ενδιαφέρουσες περιπτώσεις χρήσης χωρίς να βασίζονται σε κεντρικές αυθεντίες; Εξερευνούμε αυτό το ερώτημα στο περιβάλλον ποικίλων εφαρμογών που βασίζονται σε blockchains. Με εκπεφρασμένο το στόχο βελτίωσης της κατάστασης της επιστήμης και επέκτασης των ορίων των δυνατών αποκεντρωμένων διεργασιών με ακρίβεια και ευρωστία, η παρούσα διατριβή εξερευνεί, χτίζει, αναλύει και βελτιώνει τις πληρωμές, την εφόρευση περιεχομένου και τη λήψη αποφάσεων.
Characterizing intercampus migration in a private university of Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Beltrán Lucia , Gibaja-Romero Damián-Emilio , Cantón-Croda Rosa-María
Published: March 2023

Given the socioeconomic and environmental differences between Mexico’s geographical regions, having a multi-campus system is common for private and public universities. Hence, students may choose to migrate from one campus to another. Although such a phenomenon is not properly students’ desertion, students’ migration impacts campus’ main indicators: enrollment growth goals, terminal efficiency, accreditation programs, and revenue. Thus, the campus of origin internalizes migration as students’ desertion. By considering a campus from a private multi-campus university in Baja California, Mexico, this study characterizes and predicts students’ migration and predicts by determining the socioeconomic and academic variables that impact the probability of moving to a different campus. Our database comprises quantitative and qualitative information of 356 dropout students from 2008 to 2018. Hence, we apply the logistic regression technique to build a predictive model; we found that the most significant predictive variables are the GPA results, age, financial support, and academic development. So, our main results characterize migrant students as having top grades, coming from the high school campus, and attending engineering programs. Surprisingly, economic variables are not significant in choosing to migrate from one campus to another.
Case Report: Neglected case of duodenal strongyloidiasis in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Mahat Smritee , Manandhar Usha , Thapa Pratima , Rokaya Nabin , Alam Mohammad Rizwan
Published: March 2023

Strongyloides stercoralis, one of the common opportunistic parasitic infections, affects a large population in many parts of tropical and subtropical regions and is often a neglected tropical disease. The parasite completes its life cycle inside the human host with a unique feature of autoinfection, persisting in the host indefinitely in dormant form and having the notorious ability to cause fetal complications in an immunocompromised individual. Many factors like corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases, human T lymphotropic virus, malignancy, malnutrition etc. can transform asymptomatic strongyloidiasis to fatal outcomes, from hyperinfection syndrome to parasite dissemination leading to increased risk of high mortality rates. It has been neglected in screening unless and until some clinical suspicion appeared during the course of treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can mitigate the rapid disease activation and evolution in an immunocompromised patient. A mandatory but reliable parasite screening method should always be carried out before administering immunosuppressants, even though simple stool tests and serology are only used when suspicion arises. Our case involved a 50-year-old female on cyclophosphane for systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) who experienced repeated bouts of vomiting and loose stools. Even several days after admission, there was no satisfactory outcome with medical management; a duodenal biopsy was carried out, which revealed numerous larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis.
How an international research funder’s forum developed guiding principles to ensure value and reduce waste in research
Authors: Westmore Matthew , Bowdery Michael , Cody Anne , Dunham Kelly , Goble Dorota , van der Linden Barbara , Whitlock Evelyn , Williams Elaine , Lujan Barroso Cristina
Published: March 2023

Background: When health-related research funding agencies choose to fund research, they balance a number of competing issues: costs, stakeholder views and potential benefits. The REWARD Alliance, and the related Lancet-REWARD Campaign, question whether those decisions are yielding all the value they could. 

Methods: A group of health-related research funding agencies, organisations that represent health-related research funding agencies and those that inform and set health-related-research funding policy from around the world have come together since 2016 to share, learn, collaborate and influence emerging practice. This group meets under the name of the Ensuring Value in Research Funders’ Forum (EViR Funders’ Forum). The EViR Funders’ Forum worked together to develop a set of ten Guiding Principles, that if funders adhered to would reduce research waste and ensure value in research. 

Results: The EViR Funders’ Forum has previously agreed and published a Consensus Statement. The Forum has agreed on a set of ten Guiding Principles to help health-research funders to maximise the value of research by ensuring that: research priorities are justifiable; the design, conduct and analysis of research minimise bias; regulation and management are proportionate to risks; methods and findings are accessible in full; and findings are appropriately and effectively disseminated and used.

Conclusions: When setting research funding policy, we must balance multiple stakeholders’ needs and expectations. When funders do this well, they maximise the probability of benefits to society from the research they support - when funders do this badly, they passively allow or actively contribute to research waste. These challenges must be resolved by funders either working together or in conjunction with other actors in the research ecosystem.
Investigation of wine fermentation of three-leaf cayratia (Cayratia trifolia L.) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1
Authors: Kieu Tien Doan Thi , Quoc Binh Le Doan , Ngoc Mi Huynh Thi , Thanh Nguyen Ngoc , Dang Long Bui Hoang , Phuong Dung Ngo Thi , Toan Ha Thanh , Phong Huynh Xuan
Published: March 2023

Background: Cayratia trifolia has been extensively studied for its bioactive components and medicinal properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the fermentation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1 yeast to determine suitable fermentation conditions. Methods: The initial sugar content for three-leaf cayratia fermentation and fermentation efficiency were calculated. The temperature for three-leaf cayratia fermentation, incubation time, and preliminary 1 liter of three-leaf cayratia wine fermentation were determined. All treatments showed that the total sugar content decreased after 9 days of fermentation compared to the initial level. Temperature during fermentation has a direct effect on yeast activity. Temperature increases the growth of yeast and speed of enzyme activity. The fermentation time changes depending on temperature, initial soluble solid contents, and yeast strains, leading to changes in the ethanol content after the end of fermentation.

Results: The results showed that the S. cerevisiae 2.1 strain was able to ferment at room temperature with an initial pH of 4.5, 24 °Brix, and a yeast density of 107 cells/mL. The appropriate fermentation conditions determined for S. cerevisiae 2.1 yeast were 24 °Brix and incubation at room temperature (28-33°C) with a fermentation time of 11 days.

Concusion: In 1 liter scale fermentation, three-leaf cayratia wine had 9.46% (v/v) and the fermentation efficiency was 90.34%. The wine produced had a unique color, flavor, and aroma that met the sensory evaluation of the Vietnamese standard TCVN-3217:79.
Lin Yutang – filozof sztuki życia: Studium kluczowych zagadnień
Authors: Filipczuk Magdalena
Published: March 2023

The aim of this monograph is to present an interpretation of the works of Lin Yutang (1895-1976), a C hinese writer, thinker, translator, linguist, and inventor, from a philosophical perspective, with a special emphasis on the methods of contemporary comparative philosophy. Lin Yutang was, above all, a bilingual author and thinker, raised and educated simultaneously in two cultures, i.e. the Chinese tradition and the Christian culture of the English-speaking world. His immense erudition and intellectual ability naturally marked him out as an intermediary between the Chinese tradition and 20th-century Western civilization; in both a literal and a metaphorical sense, he translated the works of Chinese culture for the Western reader. In his long life, Lin published more than sixty books, forty of which came out in English; only six of these were novels. The list of his nonfiction pieces is much longer and includes, e.g. short and long essays, monographs on ancient Chinese sages, such as Confucius, Laozi or Zhuangzi, and their translations and anthologies. Lin gained particular popularity with several highly applauded fiction books and an effort to transplant Chinese culture to the West. After the publication of My Country My People (1935) and The Importance of Living (1937), he rose to great fame as a “Chinese philosopher,” but his philosophical thought, scattered throughout his many writings, has rarely been the subject of academic research.
Protótipo: um aplicativo que pode mudar os níveis de atividade física de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Pereira Eduarda Valim , Nunes Rafael Zaneripe de Souza , Farias Joni Marcio de
Published: March 2023

No desafio de tornar crianças e jovens mais fisicamente ativas, surgem possibilidades de união de conhecimentos entre jogos digitais e atividade física e como produto os exergames. Utilizando este método como possibilidade de mudanças de comportamento, o presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar um protótipo de exargame que estimule o aumento dos níveis de atividade física em adolescentes. Para que o usuário possa utilizar o exergame em formato de aplicativo móvel, se faz necessário fazer inscrição inicial com seus dados pessoais e antropométricos estabelecimento de objetivos por tempo para na sequência possa iniciar a utilização. A proposta é disponibilizar o aplicativo para as escolas e estudantes para realização de pesquisas, avaliando a influência do exergame sobre o nível de atividade física habitual, de deslocamento, participação nas aulas de educação física, motivação e interesse para a mudança de comportamento de atividade física durante todo o dia, entre outros parâmetros. Instrumentalizar os professores de Educação Física sobre o cuidado com a saúde, através destas novas ferramentas é necessário e podem ser pedagógicas para mudança de paradigmas sobre como contribuir para um envelhecimento mais saudável e com mais qualidade de vida.
Climate Change, Firm Performance, and Investor Surprises
Authors: Pankratz Nora , Bauer Rob , Derwall Jeroen
Published: March 2023

We link records of firm performance, equity analyst forecast errors, and stock returns around companies’ earnings announcements to firm-specific measures of heat exposure for more than 17,000 firms in 93 countries from 1995 to 2019. We find that increased exposure to extremely high temperatures reduces firms’ revenues and operating income. A one-standard-deviation increase in the number of hot days decreases revenues (operating income) by 0.6% (1.8%) of the average quarterly revenue (operating income). Moreover, we provide evidence that increased heat exposure impacts negatively on firm financial performance relative to analyst predictions and on earnings announcement returns. These findings indicate that capital market participants do not fully anticipate the economic consequences of heat as a first order physical climate risk.

This paper was accepted by Colin Mayer, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change.

Funding: N. Pankratz gratefully acknowledges financial support from the French Social Investment Forum and the Principles for Responsible Investment [PhD Research Grant 2017].

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4685 .
Understanding young people's experiences and perceptions of relational bullying: A qualitative study
Authors: Chester Kayleigh , Whiting Lisa , Spencer Neil , Brooks Fiona
Published: March 2023

Background:

Bullying among young people has been acknowledged as a public health concern. Relational bullying is the systematic manipulation and damage of peer relationships; the way in which it is perceived can influence detection and interventions, in view of this, relational bullying warranted further exploration from the perspectives of young people.

Aim:

To understand the experience and perception of relational bullying among young people.

Methods:

A qualitative approach underpinned the undertaking of 11 face-to-face interviews with young people aged 12–18 years. Data was thematically analysed.

Findings:

Seven themes emerged: The complexity of defining bullying, The role of friends; Negative impacts, Social media, Normalisation, Personal resources to aid navigation, External resources to aid navigation.

Conclusions:

Factors that help and hinder the navigation of relational bullying were identified, the family playing a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects. The findings have the potential to be relevant to other forms of bullying.
The effect of infant-maternal attachment on teenage mental health and behaviour
Authors: Millernas Helen , Hayward Melanie May McClure
Published: March 2023

This discussion article uses a practice case study to critically examine the theoretical perspectives relating to child and adolescent development and attachment to demonstrate an understanding of how these can impact the life course. Factors affecting the physical, social and emotional needs of children, young people and their families are identified together with an understanding of the role of the specialist community public health nurse (SCPHN) in supporting their developmental needs. An analysis of the development of the therapeutic relationship is provided along with recommendations for care and future school nursing (SN) practice.
Do not abandon the Children Not in School Register
Authors: Berry Ava
Published: March 2023

We cannot let the scrapping of the Schools Bill be the end of plans to create a Children Not in School Register, says Ava Berry.
Enough is enough?
Authors: White Sharon
Published: March 2023

During inspections from the CQC's children inspectorate, it is essential to show how things really are on the ground. Sharon White explains
Interannual rainfall variability and soybean yields in Mata Roma municipality, Maranhão
Authors: Santos Eduardo Silva dos , Guerra Filho Plinio Antonio , Oliveira Sheyla Sales de , Silva Breno dos Santos , Veras Antonio Emanuel Souta , Souza Daniela Abreu de
Published: March 2023

Among the activities affected by rainfall variability, agriculture is one of the most vulnerable. In this sense, this work aimed to relate the interannual rainfall variability with the soybean yields variability in Mata Roma municipality, Maranhão, considering dry and rainy events. For this, for the period from 2003 to 2019, data on average soybean yield and rainfall in this producing region, which is one of the main ones in the State, were analyzed. Monthly rainfall data for the period 1985-2019 were also analyzed and the dry and rainy events were identified in these two meteorological data series. The results showed that rainfall from January to May explains about 99%, on average, of the interannual variation of yields and that occurrence of dry and very humid periods disfavor the soybean crop, causing, in most cases, yields and productions far below the average for the study region. Based on the regression analysis, it was found that maximum average yield of 2942.52 kg×ha?1 was reached with an average rainfall of 1709 mm.
Kinetics of drying in a Mentha crispa foam layer and adjustment of mathematical models
Authors: Leite Ana Carolina Nóbrega , Cavalcante Josilene de Assis , Costa Nagel Alves , Pinheiro Williane Silva
Published: March 2023

Mentha crispa is a plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat illnesses and has wide industrial application. Dehydration has been used for several types of plants in order to reduce the levels of water content and water activity, so that it would allow na adequate storage due to the conservation of the active principles. The objective of this work is to investigate the process of drying mint in a foam layer. The foam was physically characterized in terms of density, expansion percentage, air incorporation capacity and stability. Drying was carried out according to a factorial experimental design, in which the input variables were: temperature (50, 60 and 70 °C), concentration of foaming agent (3, 5 and 7 %) and stirring time (3, 5 and 7 min); and the output variables were: drying time and water content (Xbs) of the product. The physical properties of the foam depended only on the foaming concentration. The rise in the temperature significantly reduced the drying time and the water content of the foam. The Page, Henderson & Pabis, Newton and Modified Page mathematical models were adjusted to the experimental data and Page’s model was the one that showed to be the most adequate to represent the drying phenomenon.
‘We should not have to choose between hunger and death’: exploring the experiences of primary caregivers of recipients of a South African child cash transfer programme during COVID-19 lockdown in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Zembe-Mkabile Wanga , Ramokolo Vundli , Doherty Tanya
Published: March 2023

Background:

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa and across the globe posed special challenges and implications for low-income families with children. In this study we explored the experiences of primary caregivers of children receiving a South African social assistance programme, the Child Support Grant (CSG), during lockdown in Cape Town, South Africa, and sought to understand whether and to what extent the underlying logic of cash transfers such as the CSG speaks to the pitfalls of the social protection paradigm and the potential for moving closer to a transformative social policy approach.

Methods:

We conducted 26 telephonic qualitative interviews with primary caregivers of recipients of South Africa’s CSG that were part of a longitudinal cohort study assessing the impact of the CSG on child nutritional status and food security.

Results:

Even though primary caregivers of the CSG and their children and households were already living in precarity before the pandemic, COVID-19, and particularly the hard lockdown, worsened their social, economic and living conditions, especially as regards hunger and food insecurity.

Conclusion:

Low-income women bore the brunt of the pandemic in their roles as mothers, providers and homemakers. The pandemic has highlighted the inadequacies of the social protection paradigm that underlies the design of cash transfers such as the CSG, which has a narrowed focus on chronic poverty and vulnerability. It has also highlighted opportunities to shift to a transformative social policy framework that incorporates production, redistribution, social cohesion, adequacy and protection.
Generation of acoustic vortices and acousto-optic interactions with acoustic vortex beams
Authors: Martynyuk-Lototska Iryna , Kostyrko Myroslav , Adamenko Dmitro , Skab Igor , Vlokh Rostyslav
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate the generation of acoustic vortex beams with the aid of an acoustic spiral phase plate and an acoustic grating having a fork-like bifurcation of its slits. The acoustic vortex beam generated in this manner influences the particles floating on a water surface and rotates them. Our experiments show that the intensity of the acoustic vortex beam increases from zero in its center to a certain maximal value near the shell of the beam. The phase of the beam changes by the angle 2π whenever the azimuthal angle is changed by the same value. We also study acousto-optic diffraction of the optical beam by the acoustic beam bearing a vortex and demonstrate that each of the appropriate diffraction maxima are split into two maxima. The latter correspond to diffraction by the elementary acoustic rays which are close to the opposite edges of the acoustic vortex beam. A dark region between the maxima appears due to destructive interference of the elementary optical rays originated from the diffraction by the opposite sides of the acoustic vortex beam, which are phase-shifted by π.
Mechanism of paint removal by nanosecond pulsed laser plasma shock: simulation and experiment
Authors: Li Yahui , Li Jingyi , Dong Hang , Zhang Wei , Jin Guangyong
Published: March 2023

This paper establishes a new theoretical paint removal model of plasma shock based on Fabbro’s model and Newton’s second law. A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model is established to calculate the theoretical model. By comparing the theoretical and experimental results, it is found that the theoretical model can accurately predict the threshold of laser paint removal. It is indicated that plasma shock is an essential mechanism in laser paint removal. The threshold for laser paint removal is approximately 1.73J/cm2. The experiments show that, with the increase of the laser fluence, the effect of laser paint removal first increases and then decreases. With the increase of the laser fluence, the paint removal effect is improved due to the increase of the paint removal mechanism. The competition between the plastic fracture and pyrolysis leads to a reduction in paint effectiveness. In summary, this study can provide a theoretical reference for studying the paint removal mechanism of plasma shock.
Equal-intensity beam splitter realization by wire grid polarizers for passive laser speckle reduction
Authors: Fan Zhaoxia , Liu Jinjia , Ma Yifei , Wang Mei , Jia Suotang , Chen Xuyuan , Tong Zhaomin
Published: March 2023

A method to realize an equal-intensity beam splitter (EIBS) using wire grid polarizers (WGPs) is proposed. The EIBS consists of WGPs with predetermined orientations and high-reflectivity mirrors. We demonstrated the generation of three laser sub-beams (LSBs) with equivalent intensities using EIBS. The three LSBs were incoherent by introducing optical path differences larger than the laser coherence length. The LSBs were used to reduce speckle passively, where the objective speckle contrast was reduced from 0.82 to 0.5 when all three LSBs were used. The feasibility of EIBS in speckle reduction was studied using a simplified laser projection system. The structure of the EIBS implemented by WGPs is simpler than EIBSs obtained by other methods.
Effects of “defective” plasmonic metal nanoparticle arrays on the opto-electronic performance of thin-film solar cells: computational study
Authors: Haque Abrar J. , Suny Asif A. , Sultan Rifat B. , Khan Tawseef A. , Chowdhury Mustafa H.
Published: March 2023

This computational study investigates the effects of common defects that occur while fabricating arrays of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) on the absorbing layer of the solar cells for enhancing their opto-electronic performance. Several “defects” in an array of plasmonic NP arrays on solar cells were studied. The results demonstrated no major changes in the performance of solar cells in the presence of “defective” arrays when compared to a “perfect” array with defect-free NPs. The results indicate that relatively inexpensive techniques may be used to fabricate “defective” plasmonic NP arrays on solar cells and still obtain a significant enhancement in opto-electronic performance.
Grating waveguides by machine learning for augmented reality
Authors: Chen Xi , Lin Dongfeng , Zhang Tao , Zhao Yiming , Liu Hongwei , Cui Yiping , Hou Chenyang , He Jingwen , Liang Sheng
Published: March 2023

We propose a machine-learning-based method for grating waveguides and
augmented reality, significantly reducing the computation time
compared with existing finite-element-based numerical simulation
methods. Among the slanted, coated, interlayer, twin-pillar, U-shaped,
and hybrid structure gratings, we exploit structural parameters such
as grating slanted angle, grating depth, duty cycle, coating ratio,
and interlayer thickness to construct the gratings. The multi-layer
perceptron algorithm based on the Keras framework was used with a
dataset comprised of 3000–14,000 samples. The training accuracy
reached a coefficient of determination of more than 99.9% and an
average absolute percentage error of 0.5%–2%. At the same time, the
hybrid structure grating we built achieved a diffraction efficiency of
94.21% and a uniformity of 93.99%. This hybrid structure grating also
achieved the best results in tolerance analysis. The high-efficiency
artificial intelligence waveguide method proposed in this paper
realizes the optimal design of a high-efficiency grating waveguide
structure. It can provide theoretical guidance and technical reference
for optical design based on artificial intelligence.
Statistical properties of the integrated Stokes parameters of polarization speckle or partially polarized thermal light
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: March 2023

The Stokes parameters, observables in physics, cannot be measured at an ideal point or at an instant in time. This paper is devoted to investigating the statistical properties of the integrated Stokes parameters in polarization speckle or partially polarized thermal light. As an extension to previous study on integrated intensity, spatially integrated and temporally integrated Stokes parameters have been applied to study integrated and blurred polarization speckle and partially polarized thermal light. A general concept referred to as the numbers of degrees of freedom for the Stokes detection has been introduced to investigate the means and variances of the integrated Stokes parameters. The approximate forms of the probability densities functions of the integrated Stokes parameters are also derived to provide the entire first-order statistics of integrated and blurred stochastic phenomena in optics.
Plasmonic nanoparticle doped medium for frequency selective waveguide coupling
Authors: Jose Jolly
Published: March 2023

We present a powerful technique for frequency selective coupling of dielectric waveguides by incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles within the structure. This is achieved by the inclusion of an optimal density of subwavelength plasmonic nanoparticles within the cladding layer between the coupling waveguides. Frequency selectivity of the coupling is possible by careful manipulation of the nanoparticle characteristics that govern the effective refractive index of the doped layer that supports plasmonic excitations within a narrow frequency range. The efficient coupling arises from inducing modes within the nanoparticle doped cladding layer of the waveguide in the spectral and spatial vicinities of the selected waveguide modes. Our observations are modeled with the transfer matrix method and corroborated with full-wave simulations.
Discrete transforms based on coherent states of the su(2) oscillator model
Authors: Uriostegui Kenan
Published: March 2023

Based on the coherence property under the Fourier transform, we introduce two types of coherent states into the finite discrete oscillator model of su(2) algebra, and show that they are stable under the fractional Fourier–Kravchuk transform. Using the set of discrete coherent states of this model as biorthonormal bases, we propose two discrete transforms. The first transform maps f∈C
N
functions to the unit circle, and the second transform maps the same functions to Bargmann space; both transforms have analytic inverses. These transformations establish a connection between Fourier and Bargmann expansions, respectively, with the basis of Kravchuk symmetric functions. They also provide a framework for the study of finite-dimensional systems in a periodic or complex continuous space. We give some examples of applications to qudit systems.
Sensing the position of a single scatterer in an opaque medium by mutual scattering
Authors: Truong Minh Duy , Lagendijk Ad , Vos Willem L.
Published: March 2023

We investigate the potential of mutual scattering, i.e., light scattering with multiple properly phased incident beams, as a method to extract structural information from inside an opaque object. In particular, we study how sensitively the displacement of a single scatterer is detected in an optically dense sample of many (up to N = 1000) similar scatterers. By performing exact calculations on ensembles of many point scatterers, we compare the mutual scattering (from two beams) and the well-known differential cross-section (from one beam) in response to the change of location of a single dipole inside a configuration of randomly distributed similar dipoles. Our numerical examples show that mutual scattering provides speckle patterns with an angular sensitivity at least 10 times higher than the traditional one-beam techniques. By studying the “sensitivity” of mutual scattering, we demonstrate the possibility to determine the original depth relative to the incident surface of the displaced dipole in an opaque sample. Furthermore, we show that mutual scattering offers a new approach to determine the complex scattering amplitude.
Analysis of an image noise sensitivity mechanism for matrix-operation-mode-decomposition and a strong anti-noise method
Authors: Deng Yu , Chang Qi , Chang Hongxiang , Liu Wei , Ma Pengfei , Zhou Pu , Jiang Zongfu
Published: March 2023

Mode decomposition (MD) based on the matrix operation (MDMO) is one of the fastest mode decomposition methods in fiber laser which has great potential for optical communications, nonlinear optics and spatial characterization applications. However, we found that the image noise sensitivity is the main limit to the accuracy of the original MDMO method, but improving the decomposition accuracy by using conventional image filtering methods is almost ineffective. By using the norm theory of matrices, the analysis result shows that both the image noise and the coefficient matrix condition number determine the total upper-bound error of the original MDMO method. Besides, the greater the condition number, the more sensitive of MDMO method is to noise. In addition, it is found that the local error of each mode information solution in the original MDMO method is different, which depends on the L2-norm of each row vector of the inverse coefficient matrix. Moreover, a more noise-insensitive MD method is achieved by screening out the information corresponding to large L2-norm. In particular, selecting the higher accuracy among the original MDMO method and such noise-insensitive method as the result in a single MD process, a strong anti-noise MD method was proposed in this paper, which displays high MD accuracy in strong noise for both near-filed and far-filed MD cases.
Inverse design of nanophotonic devices using dynamic binarization
Authors: Butz Marco , Abazi Adrian S. , Ross Rene , Risse Benjamin , Schuck Carsten
Published: March 2023

The complexity of applications addressed with photonic integrated circuits is steadily rising and poses increasingly challenging demands on individual component functionality, performance and footprint. Inverse design methods have recently shown great promise to address these demands using fully automated design procedures that enable access to non-intuitive device layouts beyond conventional nanophotonic design concepts. Here we present a dynamic binarization method for the objective-first algorithm that lies at the core of the currently most successful inverse design algorithms. Our results demonstrate significant performance advantages over previous implementations of objective first algorithms, which we show for a fundamental TE00 to TE20 waveguide mode converter both in simulation and in experiments with fabricated devices.
High peak power and energy scaling in the mid-IR chirped-pulse oscillator-amplifier laser systems
Authors: Rudenkov Alexander , Kalashnikov Vladimir L. , Sorokin Evgeni , Demesh Maksim , Sorokina Irina T.
Published: March 2023

The paper introduces a new route towards the ultrafast high laser peak power and energy scaling in a hybrid mid-IR chirped pulse oscillator-amplifier (CPO-CPA) system, without sacrificing neither the pulse duration nor energy. The method is based on using a CPO as a seed source allowing the beneficial implementation of a dissipative soliton (DS) energy scaling approach, coupled with a universal CPA technique. The key is avoiding a destructive nonlinearity in the final stages of an amplifier and compressor elements by using a chirped high-fidelity pulse from CPO. Our main intention is to realize this approach in a Cr2+:ZnS-based CPO as a source of energy-scalable DSs with well-controllable phase characteristics for a single-pass Cr2+:ZnS amplifier. A qualitative comparison of experimental and theoretical results provides a road map for the development and energy scaling of the hybrid CPO-CPA laser systems, without compromising pulse duration. The suggested technique opens up a route towards extremely intense ultra-short pulses and frequency combs from the multi-pass CPO-CPA laser systems that are particularly interesting for real-life applications in the mid-IR spectral range from 1 to 20 μm.
Accurate evaluation of self-heterodyne laser linewidth measurements using Wiener filters
Authors: Kantner Markus , Mertenskötter Lutz
Published: March 2023

Self-heterodyne beat note measurements are widely used for the experimental characterization of the frequency noise power spectral density (FN–PSD) and the spectral linewidth of lasers. The measured data, however, must be corrected for the transfer function of the experimental setup in a post-processing routine. The standard approach disregards the detector noise and thereby induces reconstruction artifacts in the reconstructed FN–PSD. We introduce an improved post-processing routine based on a parametric Wiener filter that is free from reconstruction artifacts, provided a good estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio is supplied. Building on this potentially exact reconstruction, we develop a new method for intrinsic laser linewidth estimation that is aimed at deliberate suppression of unphysical reconstruction artifacts. Our method yields excellent results even in the presence of strong detector noise, where the intrinsic linewidth plateau is not even visible using the standard method. The approach is demonstrated for simulated time series from a stochastic laser model including 1/f-type noise.
Enhancement of the spectral broadening efficiency for circular polarization states in the high absorption regime for Gaussian and doughnut-shaped beams in fused silica
Authors: Zukerstein M. , Levy Y.
Published: March 2023

We experimentally investigate the spectral broadening in fused silica in the multiphoton absorption regime. Under standard conditions of laser irradiation, linear polarization of laser pulses is more advantageous for supercontinuum generation. However, with high non-linear absorption, we observe more efficient spectral broadening for circular polarizations for both Gaussian and doughnut-shaped beams. The multiphoton absorption in fused silica is studied by measuring the total transmission of laser pulses and by the intensity dependence of the self-trapped exciton luminescence observation. The strong polarization dependence of multiphoton transitions fundamentally affects the broadening of the spectrum in solids.
Analysis of atomic magnetometry using metasurface optics for balanced polarimetry
Authors: Yang Xuting , Benelajla Meryem , Carpenter Steven , Choy Jennifer T.
Published: March 2023

Atomic magnetometry is one of the most sensitive field-measurement techniques for biological, geo-surveying, and navigational applications. An essential process in atomic magnetometry is measurement of optical polarization rotation of a near-resonant beam due to its interaction with atomic spins under an external magnetic field. In this work, we present the design and analysis of a silicon-metasurface-based polarization beam splitter that have been tailored for operation in a rubidium magnetometer. The metasurface polarization beam splitter operates at a wavelength of 795 nm and has a transmission efficiency > 83% and a polarization extinction ratio > 20 dB. We show that these performance specifications are compatible with magnetometer operation in miniaturized vapor cells with sub-picotesla-level sensitivity and discuss the prospect of realizing compact, high-sensitivity atomic magnetometers with nanophotonic component integration.