bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tetracarbene Iron(II) Complex with a Long‐lived Triplet Metal‐to‐Ligand Charge Transfer State due to a Triplet‐Triplet Barrier
Authors: Reuter Thomas , Zorn Dimitri , Naumann Robert , Klett Jan , Förster Christoph , Heinze Katja
Published: July 2024

Mixed N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) / pyridyl iron(II) complexes have attracted a great deal of attention recently because of their potential as photocatalysts and light sensitizers made from Earth‐abundant elements. The most decisive challenge for their successful implementation is the lifetime of the lowest triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer state (3MLCT), which typically decays via a triplet metal‐centered (3MC) state back to the ground state. We reveal by variable‐temperature ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy that the tripodal iron(II) bis(pyridine) complex isomers trans‐ and cis‐[Fe(pdmi)2]2+ with four NHC donors show 3MLCT→3MC population transfers with very different barriers and rationalize this by computational means. While trans‐[Fe(pdmi)2]2+ possesses an unobservable activation barrier, the cis isomer exhibits a barrier of 492 cm−1, which leads to a nanosecond 3MLCT lifetime at 77 K. The kinetic and quantum chemical data were analyzed in the context of semi‐classical Marcus theory revealing a high reorganization energy and small electronic coupling between the two triplet states. This highlights the importance of detailed structural control and kinetic knowledge for the rational design of photosensitizers from first row transition metals such as iron.
In Situ Analysis of Interfacial Morphological and Chemical Evolution in All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Sheng , Wan Jing , Shen Zhen‐Zhen , Lang Shuang‐Yan , Xin Sen , Wen Rui , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: July 2024

In situ analysis of Li plating/stripping processes and evolution of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are critical for optimizing all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMB). However, the buried solid‐solid interfaces present a challenge for detection which preclude the employment of multiple analysis techniques. Herein, by employing complementary in situ characterizations, morphological/chemical evolution, Li plating/stripping dynamics and SEI dynamics were directly detected. As a mixed ionic‐electronic conducting interface, Li|Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) performed distinct interfacial morphological/chemical evolution and dynamics from ionic‐conducting/electronic‐isolating interface like Li|Li3PS4 (LPS), which were revealed by combination of in situ atomic force microscopy and in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Though Li plating speed in LGPS was higher than LPS, speed of SSE decomposition was similar and ~85 % interfacial SSE turned into SEI during plating and remained unchanged in stripping. To leverage strengths of different SSEs, an LPS‐LGPS‐LPS sandwich electrolyte was developed, demonstrating enhanced ionic conductivity and improved interfacial stability with less SSE decomposition (25 %). Using in situ Kelvin probe force microscopy, Li‐ion behavior at interface between different SSEs was effectively visualized, uncovering distribution of Li ions at LGPS|LPS interface under different potentials.
Experimental investigation of dairy biogas as fuel for a molten carbonate fuel cell
Authors: Milewski Jarosław , Michalska Karina , Kacprzak Anna
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of an experimental study evaluating the performance of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) using dairy biogas as a fuel source. Dairy biogas, a renewable byproduct of dairy farming, was compared with hydrogen in terms of operational efficiency. The investigation focuses on the performance parameters and efficiency metrics of MCFCs when powered by dairy biogas, relative to natural gas and hydrogen. The results demonstrate that while dairy biogas can power MCFCs, its efficiency and fuel utilization rates are lower than those of conventional fuels. This study contributes to an understanding of alternative, sustainable fuel sources for MCFC operations. During the study, the performance parameters of dairy biogas were compared with hydrogen, which served as a benchmark fuel. It was observed that in comparison with natural gas, commonly used as a fuel, dairy biogas showed lower efficiency rates and reduced fuel‐utilization factors. This suggests that although dairy biogas can be used as a fuel source for MCFCs, its effectiveness might not be on par with traditional fuels like natural gas.
Motivation and learning psychology of teachers in language translation learning
Authors: Aksu Suleyman
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to understand pre‐service teachers’ motivations and learning psychologies in language teaching. The study used a phenomenology pattern, a qualitative research method, to gather pre‐service teachers’ views about language teaching, motivations and learning psychologies during translation activities. The study group consisted of 42 language department undergraduate students from the Education Faculty of a private university in TRNC in the 2022–2023 academic year, selected using the criterion sampling method. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews. The NVIVO‐R1 qualitative data analysis program was used for categorisation and coding in the data analysis. The findings revealed that translation studies motivate and improve comprehension–explanation skills, increasing academic success, positively impacting learning psychology, and reducing anxiety. Effective teaching methods and motivation were influential factors in teaching language to pre‐service teachers. The study also found that reinforcers, intrinsic motivation, exemplification–association, measurable goals, teaching environment, teaching method and applied learning significantly affect the language teaching process and academic success. It was concluded that pre‐service teachers are attentive to their professional careers and motivations. Additionally, the study revealed that learning the historical development of the language and different types of translation positively contributed to the motivation levels, academic achievement and language learning knowledge and skills of pre‐service teachers. Regarding grammar teaching, pre‐service teachers highlighted the importance of focusing on the social and interactional dimensions of language in addition to grammar learning. They expressed that language learning anxiety stemmed from insufficient practice. Finally, the study suggested that the language‐learning problems of pre‐service teachers could be attributed to the neglect of translation studies.
Circular economy: A review of review articles
Authors: Hossain Mokter , Park Sukyung , Suchek Nathalia , Pansera Mario
Published: July 2024

The circular economy (CE) has emerged as a focal point in discussions surrounding sustainable development, industrial production, and resource efficiency. While it has garnered attention as a ground‐breaking paradigm with the potential to harmonize economic, societal, and environmental dynamics, divergent perspectives and critical inquiries have surfaced. This paper delves into the interdisciplinary literature on CE, exploring the interpretative flexibility inherent in its conceptualization. Acknowledging the diverse range of strategies associated with the CE, the study contends with the potential risks of its misappropriation, emphasizing the importance of understanding its systemic socio‐ecological implications. With an umbrella review approach, rarely applied in social sciences, the study navigates through 167 review articles, unveiling thematic trends and identifying gaps within the existing literature. By scrutinizing the techno‐managerial dominance within CE discussions, the paper calls attention to the overshadowing of numerous critical issues. It highlights the importance of systematic attention to CE's social aspects, essential to provide insights into how policies, strategies, and actions affect the society, as well as the emerging discussion on the alternative social transformative paradigm. The paper concludes with a three‐stage study design: a meticulous review of 167 articles, a thematic analysis revealing trends, and a reflective exploration of potential research avenues. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for scholars and practitioners for a holistic understanding of CE and encouraging contributions to address identified gaps and fostering the evolution of CE literature.
Person‐centred research supervision: Facilitating encounter with researchers and enquiry
Authors: Hauser Holt J. S.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Drawing upon Schmid's invitation to develop congruence in practice, training and research within the person‐centred approach, this study presents a theoretical model for counselling and psychotherapy research supervision. This is contextualised through the author's early‐career academic experiences, particularly a lack of training, literature or guidance in pedagogical frameworks underpinning research supervision for psychotherapists.

Method

This study conceptualises research supervision using person‐centred theories, in line with critical realist methodologies. Two case studies are presented in which person‐centred research supervision model is implemented.

Findings

Themes emerged that corroborated the person‐centred research supervision model proposed and its underpinning literature, which had growthful and challenging dimensions. This highlighted the aspects of vulnerability in supervisory relationships, abdicating expertise as research supervisor and integral congruence between researcher and research project.

Conclusion

These findings indicate there is merit in further research being conducted evaluating this person‐centred research supervision model, in order to further develop or challenge its efficacy in practice.
Attenuation of Quorum Sensing Mediated Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PAO1 by Substituted Chalcones and Flavonols
Authors: Benny Anjitha Theres , Thamim Masthan , Easwaran Nalini , Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan , Thirumoorthy Krishnan , Radhakrishnan Ethiraj Kannatt
Published: July 2024

Flavonoids epitomize structural scaffolds in many biologically active synthetic and natural compounds. They showcase a diverse spectrum of biological activities including anticancer, antidiabetic, antituberculosis, antimalarial, and antibiofilm activities. The antibiofilm activity of a series of new chalcones and flavonols against clinically significant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain was studied. Antivirulence activities were screened by analysing the effect of compounds on the production of virulence factors like pyocyanin, LasA protease, cell surface hydrophobicity, and rhamnolipid. The best ligands towards the quorum sensing proteins LasR, RhlR, and PqsR were recognised using a molecular docking study. The gene expression in P. aeruginosa after treatment with test compounds was evaluated on quorum sensing genes including rhlA, lasB, and pqsE. The antibiofilm potential of chalcones and flavonols was confirmed by the efficient reduction in the production of virulence factors and downregulation of gene expression.
New Clerodane Diterpenoids from Tinospora Capillipes with Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Song Yuan‐Ze , Yuan Chao , Li Wen‐Juan , Song Qing‐Jiang , Zhu Wen‐Hao , Zhang Juan
Published: July 2024

Four new clerodane diterpenoids, namely tinocapills A–D (1–4), and one known analogue (5) were isolated from the roots of Tinospora capillipes in the present study. The structures of these new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were determined through a combination of detailed spectroscopic analysis and theoretical statistical approaches, including electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses and quantum mechanical (QM)‐NMR methods. Additionally, the stereostructure of 5 was confirmed via X‐ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, all these isolates were evaluated for their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 demonstrated antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MICs ranging from 4–64 μg/mL, and compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potential anti‐inflammatory effects by suppressing LPS‐induced TNF‐α and NO releases in RAW264.7 cells.
JRK binds satellite III DNA and is necessary for the heat shock response
Authors: Waldron Rosalie , Rodriguez Maria de los Angeles Becerra , Williams John M. , Ning Zhenfei , Ahmed Abrar , Lindsay Andrew , Moore Tom
Published: July 2024

JRK is a DNA‐binding protein of the pogo superfamily of transposons, which includes the well‐known centromere binding protein B (CENP‐B). Jrk null mice exhibit epilepsy, and growth and reproductive disorders, consistent with its relatively high expression in the brain and reproductive tissues. Human JRK DNA variants and gene expression levels are implicated in cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders. JRK protein modulates β‐catenin–TCF activity but little is known of its cellular functions. Based on its homology to CENP‐B, we determined whether JRK binds centromeric or other satellite DNAs. We show that human JRK binds satellite III DNA, which is abundant at the chromosome 9q12 juxtacentromeric region and on Yq12, both sites of nuclear stress body assembly. Human JRK‐GFP overexpressed in HeLa cells strongly localises to 9q12. Using an anti‐JRK antiserum we show that endogenous JRK co‐localises with a subset of centromeres in non‐stressed cells, and with heat shock factor 1 following heat shock. Knockdown of JRK in HeLa cells proportionately reduces heat shock protein gene expression in heat‐shocked cells. A role for JRK in regulating the heat shock response is consistent with the mouse Jrk null phenotype and suggests that human JRK may act as a modifier of diseases with a cellular stress component.
Green Molecular Reactor Boosting the Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfides in Clean Solvent
Authors: Chen Jia‐Qi , Sun Wei‐Yin , Zhao Yue
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of sulfoxides has long attracted considerable interest due to their pivotal role in organic synthesis, pharmaceutics and environmental protection. Oxidation of the corresponding sulfides is recognized as the most effective strategy. Traditional oxidation methods, however, fall short of the growing demands of green chemistry. Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation has thus garnered attention, employing the greenest and most sustainable oxidants—oxygen or air—and sunlight as the energy source. Nevertheless, these reactions are typically conducted in potentially pollutive organic solvents rather than in the greenest solvent, water. To facilitate this organic transformation in aqueous phase, molecular reactors that can encapsulate reactants within their confined pores and facilitate photocatalytic reactions have been developed recently. This Concept article summarizes the development of molecular reactors for the photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides and provides perspectives for the design and construction of effective photocatalytic molecular reactors.
Pickering Emulsions in Catalytic Processes
Authors: Guzmán Eduardo
Published: July 2024

Pickering emulsions, which are emulsions stabilized by solid particles adsorbed at the interface between two immiscible liquids, provide a highly versatile platform for catalytic processes and offer distinct advantages over conventional systems. These emulsions combine the benefits of traditional biphasic catalysis with enhanced contact between reactive species due to their large interfacial area, which contribute to their high catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, Pickering emulsions offer significant advantages in catalytic processes, including improved extraction efficiency, a wider range of operational variables, the possibility of continuous operation, and the ease of recovery of the emulsifier and/or catalyst. Moreover, through strategic selection and design of solid particles, researchers can tailor interfacial properties to optimize catalytic performance, selectivity and stability. This comprehensive review discusses recent breakthroughs in Pickering emulsion research and their applications in catalysis, examining how Pickering emulsions have transformed catalytic methodologies. By discussing the latest developments, this review demonstrates the potential of Pickering emulsions as a catalyst platform and highlights their role in advancing sustainable and efficient catalytic processes.
Response of sod webworm Chrysoteuchia topiaria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to endophyte infection and mycotoxin profiles of cool‐season turfgrass species grown for seed in Oregon
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Rivedal Hannah M. , Intasin Julaluck , Verhoeven Elizabeth C. , Di Yanming , Anderson Nicole P. , Dorman Seth J. , Duringer Jennifer M.
Published: July 2024

The subterranean sod webworm, also known as cranberry girdler (Chrysoteuchia topiaria), is one of the most damaging insect pests in cool‐season grass grown for seed crops in Oregon. Chemical control options are limited and require irrigation or rainfall for adequate insecticide incorporation to control C. topiaria larvae. Epichloë endophytes associated with cool‐season turfgrass species and their mycotoxin profiles are well‐documented in offering plant protection against invertebrates; these fungi may offer sustainable pest management tools. Our objectives were to characterize endophyte‐mediated resistance to C. topiaria in 19 commercially available cultivars of tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and fine fescue grown for seed in Oregon. Endophyte status (presence and viability) of fungal endophytes and their mycotoxin profiles were measured using polymerase chain reaction, and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. No‐choice assays were conducted in the laboratory to measure the impact of endophyte status on C. topiaria larvae in two separate no‐choice experiments. Our results suggested that increased mortality of C. topiaria larvae (R2 = 0.8526, Experiment 1; R2 = 0.6628, Experiment 2) in tall fescue cultivars was most influenced by total peramine and ergot alkaloid, and total ergoline concentrations in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. However, no significant effect on insect mortality was found in the perennial ryegrass and fine fescue cultivars included in this study. Overall, these findings suggest a viable grass–endophyte association can be utilized as a sustainable alternative to foliar insecticides for C. topiaria management in tall fescue seed crops.
Tweezer Dyads for H‐Bond Assisted Cooperativity in Tandem Uncaging Systems
Authors: Klausen Maxime , Dubois Victor , Picard Sébastien , Cueto Diaz Eduardo , Daniel Jonathan , Verlhac Jean‐Baptiste , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille
Published: July 2024

“Tandem” uncaging systems, in which a photolabile protecting group (PPG) is sensitized by an energy‐harvesting antenna, may increase the photosensitivity of PPGs by several orders of magnitude for two‐photon (2P) photorelease. Yet, they remain poorly accessible because of arduous multi‐step synthesis. In this work, we design efficient tandem uncaging systems by (i) using a convenient assembly of the building blocks relying on click chemistry, (ii) introducing H‐bonding induced proximity thus facilitating (iii) photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) as a cooperative mechanism. A strong two‐photon absorber electron‐donating quadrupolar antenna and various electron‐accepting PPGs (mDEAC, MNI or MDNI) were clicked stepwise onto a “tweezer‐shaped” pyrido‐2,6‐dicarboxylate platform whose H‐bonding and π‐stacking abilities were exploited to keep the antenna and the PPGs in close proximity. The different electron‐accepting ability of the PPGs led to dyads with wildly different behaviors. Whilst the MDNI and MNI dyads showed poor dark stability or no photo‐uncaging ability due to their too high electron‐accepting character, the mDEAC dyad benefited from optimum redox potentials to promote PeT and slow down charge recombination, resulting in enhanced uncaging quantum yield (Φu=0.38) compared to mDEAC (Φu=0.014). This unique combination resulted in large 2P photo‐sensitivity in the near‐infrared window (240 GM at 710 nm).
Epidemiology, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes in de novo oligometastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Gong Jun , Janes Jessica L. , Trustram Eve Claire , Stock Shannon , Waller Justin , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Kim Jeri , Ghate Sameer R. , Shui Irene M. , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: July 2024

Background

This study was conducted to better characterize the epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and current treatment patterns of de novo oligometastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (omHSPC) in the United States Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Methods

In this observational retrospective cohort study, 400 de novo metastatic hormone‐sensitive PC (mHSPC) patients diagnosed from January 2015 to December 2020 (follow‐up through December 2021) were randomly selected. omHSPC was defined as five or less total metastases (excluding liver) by conventional imaging. Kaplan–Meier methods estimated overall survival (OS) and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)‐free survival from mHSPC diagnosis date and a log‐rank test compared these outcomes by oligometastatic status.

Results

Twenty percent (79 of 400) of de novo mHSPC patients were oligometastatic. Most baseline characteristics were similar by oligometastatic status; however, men with non‐omHSPC had higher median prostate‐specific antigen at diagnosis (151.7) than omHSPC (44.1). First‐line (1L) novel hormonal therapy was similar between groups (20%); 1L chemotherapy was lower in omHSPC (5%) versus non‐omHSPC (14%). More omHSPC patients received metastasis‐directed therapy/prostate radiation therapy (14%) versus non‐omHSPC (2%). Median OS and CRPC‐free survival (in months) were higher in omHSPC versus non‐omHSPC (44.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 33.9–not estimated vs. 26.2; 95% CI, 20.5–32.5, p = .0089 and 27.6; 95% CI, 22.1–37.2 vs. 15.3; 95% CI, 12.8–17.9, p = .0049), respectively.

Conclusions

Approximately 20% of de novo mHSPC were oligometastatic, and OS was significantly longer in omHSPC versus non‐omHSPC. Although potentially “curative” therapy use was higher in omHSPC versus non‐omHSPC, the percentages were still relatively low. Future studies are warranted given potential for prolonged responses with multimodal therapy inclusive of systemic and local therapies.
Scanning Probe Microscopy Characterization of Biomolecules enabled by Mass‐Selective, Soft‐landing Electrospray Ion Beam Deposition
Authors: Seibel Johannes , Anggara Kelvin , Delbianco Martina , Rauschenbach Stephan
Published: July 2024

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), in particular at low temperature (LT) under ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions, offers the possibility of real‐space imaging with resolution reaching the atomic level. However, its potential for the analysis of complex biological molecules has been hampered by requirements imposed by sample preparation. Transferring molecules onto surfaces in UHV is typically accomplished by thermal sublimation in vacuum. This approach however is limited by the thermal stability of the molecules, i. e. not possible for biological molecules with low vapour pressure. Bypassing this limitation, electrospray ionisation offers an alternative method to transfer molecules from solution to the gas‐phase as intact molecular ions. In soft‐landing electrospray ion beam deposition (ESIBD), these molecular ions are subsequently mass‐selected and gently landed on surfaces which permits large and thermally fragile molecules to be analyzed by LT‐UHV SPM. In this concept, we discuss how ESIBD+SPM prepares samples of complex biological molecules at a surface, offering controls of the molecular structural integrity, three‐dimensional shape, and purity. These achievements unlock the analytical potential of SPM which is showcased by imaging proteins, peptides, DNA, glycans, and conjugates of these molecules, revealing details of their connectivity, conformation, and interaction that could not be accessed by any other technique.
Can Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy be Replaced by Direct Current Techniques in Battery Diagnosis?
Authors: Guo Jia , Xu Yaolin , Li Pengwei , Pedersen Kjeld , Gaberšček Miran , Stroe Daniel‐Ioan
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a conventional and alternating‐current‐(AC)‐based technique for impedance measurement, is commonly used in battery diagnosis. However, it requires expensive equipment and demanding operating conditions and is complex and model‐dependent in data analysis. Recently, novel direct current (DC) analytics have emerged as an alternative to EIS. They are simple yet powerful, being capable of revealing impedance information that traditionally could only be obtained through EIS and determining Li‐ion diffusion coefficient. Besides, a complete EIS spectrum can be predicted based on constant current charging curves in the support of machine learning methods. This work highlights the similarities and discrepancies between DC techniques and EIS in the electrochemical analysis of Li‐ion batteries. Looking ahead, DC techniques may be a promising substitute for EIS in future battery diagnosis, requiring simplified equipment while offering a deep understanding of battery impedance and its underlying electrochemical processes.
Beryllium as a Base: Complexes of Be(CO)3 with HX (X=F, Cl, Br, CN, NC, CCH, OH)
Authors: Martín‐Fernández Carlos , Elguero José , Alkorta Ibon
Published: July 2024

Beryllium chemistry is typically governed by its electron deficient character, but in some compounds it can act as a base. In order to understand better the unusual basicity of Be, we have systematically explored the complexes of one such compound, Be(CO)3, towards several hydrogen bond donors HX (X=F, Cl, Br, CN, NC, CCH, OH). For all complexes we find three different minima, two hydrogen bonded minima (to the Be or O atoms), and one weak beryllium bonded minimum. Further characterization of the interactions using a topological analysis of the electron density and Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) provide insight into the nature of these interactions. Overall these results highlight the capability of certain beryllium compounds to act as either a weak Lewis acid or, unconventionally, a Lewis base whose basicity towards hydrogen bonding is comparable to that of π systems.
Stereocontrol of Metal‐Centred Chirality in Rhodium(III) and Ruthenium(II) Complexes with N2N'P Ligand
Authors: Barriendos Irati , Almárcegui Íber , Carmona María , Tejero Alvaro G. , Soriano‐Jarabo Alejandro , Blas Carlota , Aguado Zulima , Carmona Daniel , Lahoz Fernando J. , García‐Orduña Pilar , Viguri Fernando , Rodríguez Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes, [RhCl2(κ4‐N2N'P‐L)][SbF6] (1) and [RuCl2(κ4‐N2N'P‐L)] (2), were synthesised using the tetradentate ligand L (L=N,N‐bis[(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]‐[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]methanamine). In each case only one diastereomer is detected, featuring cis‐disposed pyridine groups. The chloride ligand trans to pyridine can be selectively abstracted by AgSbF6, with the ruthenium complex (2) reacting more readily at room temperature compared to the rhodium complex (1) which requires elevated temperatures. Rhodium complexes avoid the second chloride abstraction, whereas ruthenium complexes can form the chiral bisacetonitrile complex [Ru(κ4‐N2N'P‐L)(NCMe)2][SbF6]2 (5) upon corresponding treatment with AgSbF6. The complex [RhCl2(κ4‐N2N'P‐L)][SbF6] (1) has also been used to synthesise polymetallic species, such as the tetrametallic complex [{RhCl2(κ4‐N2N'P‐L)}2(μ‐Ag)2][SbF6]4 (6) which was formed with complete diastereoselectivity and chiral molecular self‐recognition. In addition, a stable bimetallic mixed‐valence complex [{Rh(κ4‐N2N'P‐L)}{Rh(COD)}(μ‐Cl)2][SbF6]2 (7) (COD=cyclooctadiene) was synthesised. These results highlight the significant differences in chloride lability between Rh3+ and Ru2+ complexes and demonstrate the potential for complexes to act as catalyst precursors and ligands in further chemistry applications.
A Call for More Culture‐Based Research to Understand Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating in Men: Commentary on Monocello et al. (2024)
Authors: He Jinbo , Barnhart Wesley R.
Published: July 2024

Using culture‐based approaches, Monocello et al. revealed that young Korean men generally shared the same perceptions of fatness, including three categories (“too thin,” “balanced,” and “too fat”). The “balanced” category was most consistent with local South Korean culture, and the “too fat” category was associated with higher body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Even though cultural differences in body ideals are an essential factor to consider in the development of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, little research has applied culture‐based approaches to explore body ideals in men, including how these ideals may be related to men's body image or eating behaviors. Thus, Monocello et al.'s work is a timely and vital contribution to the literature. In this commentary, we expand on Monocello et al.'s work by not only illustrating the roles of local cultures but also introducing the potential influences of external cultures via acculturation in shaping body ideals which, in turn, contribute to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in men. We also provide future research directions to call for more culture‐based research to understand body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among men in different cultural contexts.
G‐space versus E‐space: Are hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) at equilibrium with honeybees in Asia?
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Jung Chuleui
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the concept of niche conservatism (NC) and its implications for how hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and honeybees respond to climate change. Our primary objectives are threefold: firstly, to assess whether distinct environmental niche spaces (E‐space) exist between 12 hornets and honeybees like Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in Asia; Secondly, to explore the degree to which Asian hornets have attained geographic equilibrium alongside honeybee species. Lastly, is to investigate how the geographic niche overlap (G‐space) between hornets and honeybees could potentially change under climate change scenarios. To accomplish these goals, we employed ordination and ecological niche modeling techniques to analyze 91 pairs of hornets and honeybees in both geographic (G‐space) and environmental (E‐space) contexts. Then, we projected the potential impacts of climate change on the future geographic overlap between hornets and honeybees, specifically under the SSP585 climate scenario for the year 2070. Our results demonstrated that the environmental niches (E‐space) of hornets and honeybees can be treated as interchangeable, indicating they have similar environmental preferences despite being unrelated taxa. We found that Vespa velutina currently exhibits a moderate geographic niche overlap (G‐space) of 0.63 with both honeybee species. Meanwhile, Vespa mandarinia demonstrates an overlap of 0.46 with Apis cerana and 0.63 with Apis mellifera. The overlap of Vespa velutina with Apis cerana might potentially decrease to 0.51 and 0.56 with Apis mellifera. For Vespa mandarinia, the overlap could reach 0.41 with Apis cerana and 0.6 with Apis mellifera under a climate change scenario. This study indicates that the limited spatial overlap between honeybees and hornets across certain areas in Asia is more likely influenced by geographical barriers rather than solely environmental unsuitability for hornets. In this study, we delve into the concept of niche conservatism (NC) and its implications for how hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and honeybees respond to climate change.
Hydrocyanation of Non‐Activated Alkenes Without Handling HCN
Authors: Chinchilla Rafael , Baeza Alejandro
Published: July 2024

The hydrocyanation of alkenes can be considered a straightforward methodology that gives access to different functionalized organic chemistry entities. This is due to nitrile's high versatility, which can easily undergo further transformations. However, this process has traditionally employed hazardous hydrogen cyanide as the hydrocyanation agent. Therefore, in the last decades, different protocols have been developed to accomplish this key organic transformation without needing to handle HCN. In this review, we aim to gather the most recent works published in the last couple of decades regarding the hydrocyanation of non‐activated olefins in the absence of gaseous hydrogen cyanide as nitrile source. In addition, special attention has been paid to the reaction mechanism working in each case.
The Translocation Continuum Framework for context‐specific decision making
Authors: Wilson Belinda A , Evans Maldwyn J , Gordon Iain J , Manning Adrian D
Published: July 2024

Translocations are a critical tool for reversing biodiversity loss but are often characterized by unreasonably high expectations, leading to many translocation programs being brief and terminated before achieving their full potential. To address these issues, we developed the “Translocation Continuum Framework”, an easy‐to‐use tool that clarifies the criteria, strategies, tactics, progress measures, and expected outcomes for five key translocation “phases”: Feasibility Studies, Pilot Studies, Primary Trials, Secondary Experiments, and Tertiary Reinforcements. By accounting for uncertainty, the Framework aims to empower practitioners to design translocation programs that suit their context. We also discuss the limitations of “success” and “failure” labels in translocations, and the importance of parsimonious decision making to maximize learning with the least amount of loss. Only by managing expectations of the likelihood of establishment, growth, and regulation throughout a program's lifetime can we galvanize trust and investment in translocations so they can contribute meaningfully to long‐term restoration.
Determinants of malt barley varietal adoption decisions of farmers: Evidence from the central highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Mekonen , Abay Fetien , Bishaw Zewdie , Lakew Berhane , Tsehaye Yemane
Published: July 2024

Barley is one of Ethiopia's most important cereal crops, ranking fifth in total cereal production, after maize, wheat, teff, and sorghum. Based on its intended use, it is divided into two types: food barley and malt barley. This study investigated the factors that affect farmers' decisions to adopt malt barley technology. The research was conducted in eight major malt barley‐growing districts in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative data from 400 sample farmers. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to triangulate and substantiate the quantitative data. Secondary data were also used to supplement the primary data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models. A logistic regression model was employed to analyze quantitative data. The findings revealed that educational level of the household head, family size of the household, access to input, experience, and access to demanded variety all have a positive and significant impact on malt barley technology adoption. However, the age of the household head, income from off‐farm activities, and distance to the market have a negative and significant impact on farmers' decisions to use malt barley technology. Up to 2021, about 30 malt barley varieties were released or registered by the Ministry of Agriculture for production nationwide, while only six to seven varieties were adopted by the sampled farmer households. As a result, we concluded that strong government support and clear policy direction are required to encourage farmers and other stakeholders to invest more to enhance adoption of improved varieties across malt barley growing areas.
A comprehensive review of molecular dynamics simulation on the replacement characteristics and mechanism of CO2‐CH4 hydrate in porous media systems
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Huang Tingting , Shan Tao , Yuan Qing , Li Jinping , wu Qingbai , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2024

Natural gas hydrate (NGH), is a new green‐sustainable energy source, and the process of recovering CH4 from NGH by replacing CO2 is regarded as an advantageous way to mine NGH. However, improving the replacement efficiency of CO2‐CH4 hydrate is a critical problem in the CO2 replacement mining process. The feasibility study of the replacement for CO2‐CH4 hydrate, as well as the research status of the replacement characteristics for various situations, is examined in this review. Additionally, the microscopic mechanism of CO2‐CH4 hydrate replacement in porous media is explored in detail. The basic molecular dynamic (MD) simulation method and primary influencing factors of CO2‐CH4 hydrate replacement were summarized systematically. Finally, the shortcomings of MD simulation of CO2‐CH4 hydrate replacement process in porous medium system and the future development direction are pointed out. The relevant results will offer helpful direction for future NGH exploitation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring functional connectivity in frequency‐domain helps to better characterize brain function
Authors: Peng Limin , Su Jianpo , Hu Dewen , Yu Yang , Wei Huilin , Li Ming
Published: July 2024

Resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) is widely used in multivariate pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), including identifying the locations of putative brain functional borders, predicting individual phenotypes, and diagnosing clinical mental diseases. However, limited attention has been paid to the analysis of functional interactions from a frequency perspective. In this study, by contrasting coherence‐based and correlation‐based FC with two machine learning tasks, we observed that measuring FC in the frequency domain helped to identify finer functional subregions and achieve better pattern discrimination capability relative to the temporal correlation. This study has proven the feasibility of coherence in the analysis of fMRI, and the results indicate that modeling functional interactions in the frequency domain may provide richer information than that in the time domain, which may provide a new perspective on the analysis of functional neuroimaging.
Multi‐scale brain attributes contribute to the distribution of diffuse glioma subtypes
Authors: Ren Peng , Bao Hongbo , Wang Shuai , Wang Yinyan , Bai Yan , Lai Jiacheng , Yi Liye , Liu Qing , Li Wenting , Zhang Xinyu , Sun Lili , Liu Qiuyi , Cui Xuehua , Zhang Xiushi , Liang Peng , Liang Xia
Published: July 2024

Gliomas are primary brain tumors and are among the most malignant types. Adult‐type diffuse gliomas can be classified based on their histological and molecular signatures as IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma, IDH‐mutant astrocytoma, and IDH‐mutant and 1p/19q‐codeleted oligodendroglioma. Recent studies have shown that each subtype of glioma has its own specific distribution pattern. However, the mechanisms underlying the specific distributions of glioma subtypes are not entirely clear despite partial explanations such as cell origin. To investigate the impact of multi‐scale brain attributes on glioma distribution, we constructed cumulative frequency maps for diffuse glioma subtypes based on T1w structural images and evaluated the spatial correlation between tumor frequency and diverse brain attributes, including postmortem gene expression, functional connectivity metrics, cerebral perfusion, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter signaling. Regression models were constructed to evaluate the contribution of these factors to the anatomic distribution of different glioma subtypes. Our findings revealed that the three different subtypes of gliomas had distinct distribution patterns, showing spatial preferences toward different brain environmental attributes. Glioblastomas were especially likely to occur in regions enriched with synapse‐related pathways and diverse neurotransmitter receptors. Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas preferentially occurred in areas enriched with genes associated with neutrophil‐mediated immune responses. The functional network characteristics and neurotransmitter distribution also contributed to oligodendroglioma distribution. Our results suggest that different brain transcriptomic, neurotransmitter, and connectomic attributes are the factors that determine the specific distributions of glioma subtypes. These findings highlight the importance of bridging diverse scales of biological organization when studying neurological dysfunction.
The contribution of childhood trauma to irritability symptoms
Authors: Grasser Lana Ruvolo , Yang Ruiyu , Brotman Melissa A. , Wiggins Jillian Lee
Published: July 2024

Background

Irritability is a transdiagnostic psychiatric phenotype defined as an increased proneness to anger relative to peers. Trauma is defined as actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence while adversity more broadly describes difficult or challenging situations including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Irritability [or aggression] is symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may arise in response to trauma or traumatic events. Responses to negative early life experiences may differ based on the type of exposure, for example, threat (abuse) versus deprivation (neglect), with implications for development of psychopathology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the relation between exposure to threat and deprivation, and irritability in a predominantly Hispanic/Latin sample. We hypothesized unique effects of threat versus deprivation on irritability.

Methods

We investigated relations between threat and deprivation aspects of childhood trauma (within each dimension) and later irritability in a sample of n = 48 (26F) youth ages 9–19 (Mage = 14.89, SD = 2.04) recruited based on trauma exposure. Multivariate regression tested the unique effects of threat and deprivation (measurement: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) on irritability (measurement: Affective Reactivity Index).

Results

Greater threat exposure was associated with more severe self‐reported irritability, F(1,46) = 8.64, B = 0.40, R2 = 0.14, p = 0.005. Findings remained significant after controlling for values of excessive influence and the non‐significant effect of gender (B = 0.25, t = 1.88, p = 0.067). When looking at the unique effects of threat adjusted for deprivation, the relation between threat and irritability remained significant, B = 0.35, t = 2.45, p = 0.019. There was no significant association between deprivation and irritability, F(1,46) = 3.35, B = 0.26, R2 = 0.05, p = 0.074.

Conclusions

Exposure to threat, but not deprivation, may increase risk for irritability in youth. Early life experiences should be considered in assessment and treatment of youth with clinically impairing irritability. Transdiagnostic treatments targeting irritability should be tested for youth with trauma exposure who do not meet criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder.
Subdivision of pT1N0 (American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition) distal cholangiocarcinoma for adjuvant chemotherapy consideration
Authors: Otsuka Shimpei , Sugiura Teiichi , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Yamada Mihoko , Kato Yoshiyasu , Yumiko Kageyama , Ohike Nobuyuki , Sugino Takashi , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: July 2024

Background

The adjuvant S‐1 trial affirmed adjuvant chemotherapy for biliary tract cancer but excluded pT1N0 distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) according to the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification. The introduction of tumor depth of invasion (DOI) for T‐classification in the eighth edition complicates identifying DCC patients less likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Our cohort consisted of 185 patients with DCC who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2002 and 2019. We compared clinicopathological factors and survival outcomes between pT1N0 patients in the seventh edition and those in the eighth edition. New DOI cutoffs for subdividing pT1N0 (8th edition) patients were evaluated to identify patients less likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Transitioning to the eighth edition increased in pT1N0 cases from eight to 46. The 5‐year cumulative recurrence rates of them were 14.3% for the seventh edition and 28.3% for the eighth edition. We proposed a DOI cutoff of <2 mm, at which the 5‐year cumulative recurrence rate was 11.5%.

Conclusion

The eighth AJCC classification revealed that a significant proportion of pT1N0 DCC patients were at risk for recurrence. A DOI cutoff of <2 mm may be considered to potentially improve patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteome of patients with tick‐borne encephalitis
Authors: Gęgotek Agnieszka , Moniuszko‐Malinowska Anna , Groth Monika , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta
Published: July 2024

Tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the main diseases transmitted by ticks, the incidence of which is increasing. Moreover, its diagnosis and therapy are often long and difficult according to nonspecific symptoms and complex etiology. This study aimed to observe changes in the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid from TBE patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBE patients (n = 20) and healthy individuals (n = 10) was analyzed using a proteomic approach (QExactiveHF‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer) and zymography. Obtained results show that in CSF of TBE patients, the top‐upregulated proteins are involved in pro‐inflammatory reaction (interleukins), as well as antioxidant/protective response (peroxiredoxins, heat shock proteins). Moreover, changes in the proteome of CSF are not only the result of this disease development, but they can also be an indicator of its course. This mainly applies to proteins involved in proteolysis including serpins and metalloproteinases, whose activity is proportional to the length of patients' convalescence. The obtained proteomic data strongly direct attention to the changes caused by the development of TBE to antioxidant, pro‐inflammatory, and proteolytic proteins, knowledge about which can significantly contribute to faster and more accurate diagnosis of various clinical forms of TBE.