bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Cooling Methods to Improve the Electrical Performance of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Kombate Yao , N’wuitcha Kokou , Apedanou Koffi Gagnon , Kolani Yendouban , Aoukou Komlan Déla Donald , Obese Bernard
Published: October 2024

When solar energy is converted into electricity by photovoltaic modules, only 20% of the incident solar radiation is converted into electricity and the remaining 80% is converted into heat, increasing the temperature of the photovoltaic solar cells. The increase in PV module temperature has a negative impact on open-circuit voltage. This leads to a reduction in electrical efficiency and degradation of the photovoltaic modules. In order to maintain their operating temperature under standard test conditions, it is important to remove the excess heat from the photovoltaic solar cells by cooling. After cooling, the temperature of the PV modules decreases and the electrical efficiency is improved. In this article, air cooling techniques for photovoltaic modules are examined. The disadvantages and prospects of the different approaches to these air-cooling techniques are presented. Understanding the different cooling techniques is important for improving the electricity production of photovoltaic modules and for popularising this technology.
The Voter and the Propagandistic Discourse on Facebook. Analysis of the Discourse and Perception of the Ecuadorian Voter.
Authors: Godoy-Guevara Gandhy Leonardo , Basantes-Andrade Andrea Verenice , Naranjo-Toro Miguel Edmundo , Ortiz-Dávila Andrés David
Published: October 2024

This research project examines the influence of propagandistic content on Facebook during the 2023 sectional elections in Imbabura, Ecuador. It draws attention to the strategic communication requirements that align with generational preferences and the distinctive characteristics of each digital platform. The objective is to elucidate the influence of such content on voting decisions and public perceptions of candidates. A case study approach was employed, integrating discourse analysis through Atlas.ti and the application of factor analysis to survey interpretation. The findings revealed that specific content, such as memes, exerts a notable influence on the younger electorate. This influence is reinforced by communication strategies that emphasise the frequency and repetition of this content, although no direct correlation with key demographic variables was found. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that a communication strategy devoid of value con-tent reduces social networks to mere information channels, akin to open television. In conclusion, the study emphasises the necessity for digital communication strategies that prioritise the crea-tion of valuable content for audiences, with the aim of fostering a more discerning and engaged electorate.
Resettlement, Employment, and Mental Health Among Syrian Refugee Men in Canada: An Intersectional Study using Photovoice
Authors: Clark Nancy , Yurdakul Gökce , Hilario Carla , Elgharbawy Heba , Izzden Nedal , Moses Elias , Zaidalkilani Muna
Published: October 2024

Context: The impact of forced migration on mental health is far reaching and compounded by post- migration contexts in which social determinants of health, such as resettlement, employment and gender, play a key role. Research on refugee men has shown that employment and life transitions are key determinants of mental health. However, a gap in knowledge exists on refugee men’s perspectives on the factors that impact their mental health. Methodology: This study used community-based participatory action research and the arts-based method of Photovoice to understand Syrian refugee men’s (n = 11) experiences of forced migration, resettlement, and employment in a Canadian context, as well as the impacts of these experiences on their mental health. Analysis and Results: Drawing on the critical theoretical perspective of intersectionality, we analyzed photographs taken by research participants, which showed that language and literacy barriers, time and stage of life, isolation and loneliness, belonging and identity and gender-based stress intersected to shape their mental health. Conclusion: Meaningful employment was central to the men’s identities; however, they engaged in low wage, precarious work due to both discriminatory policies that favored Canadian experience and credentialing assessment processes that devalued their experience and knowledge. Adopting gender-responsive and caring policies and practices could shift dominant discourses on masculinity and support the mental health of refugee men in resettlement contexts.
A Proof-of-Concept Methodology for Identifying Topical Scientific Issues in New Publications Whose Citations Have Not Yet Been Established
Authors: Chigarev Boris
Published: October 2024

Identification of topical research issues using bibliometric data is complicated by the fact that the citation of publications from recent years has not yet been formed. In this paper, it is proposed to use the average citation of the journal over two years rather than the article citation to estimate to estimate the weight of the keyword occurring in the sample under consideration. In order to identify the terms that characterize relevant research topics, it is proposed to represent the term co-occurrence network in coordinates of the average occurrence of the term per year and the average normalized citation of the term to visualize the graph. Furthermore, this methodology proposes the use of preprocessing of keywords using a lemmatization dictionary. 3,696 bibliometric records for 2022–2024 from the ScienceDirect platform on the topic of industry digitalization were used for the analysis. The VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica programs were used sequentially. The former was used to display the overall landscape of the study, while the latter was used to analyze in more detail the individual slices of bibliometric data obtained with VOSviewer. A ‘convex hull’ was used to facilitate the perception of cluster boundaries. After analysing the data and highlighting the terms, it is proposed to provide context by quoting strings from publications and defining of lesser-known terms. The industry digitalization is not only a technical and technological issue but also an economic one, as evidenced by terms such as ‘digital economy’ and ‘Industry 5.0’.
Insights into the Biotic Factors Shaping Ectomycorrhizal Associations
Authors: El Amrani Belkacem
Published: October 2024

Ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations are essential symbiotic relationships that contribute significantly to the health and functioning of forest ecosystems. This review examines the biotic factors that influence EM associations, focusing on plant and fungal diversity, host specificity, and microbial interactions. Firstly, the diversity of host plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) is discussed, highlighting how the richness of these organisms affects the formation and success of EM symbioses. Next, host specificity is explored, with a focus on the complex relationships between EMF and their host plants. Microbial interactions are examined in depth, with sections on both positive and negative influences of bacteria and different fungal groups on EM formation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the biotic factors that shape EM associations, offering insights into the mechanisms that underpin these critical ecological interactions and their broader implications for ecosystem management and restoration.
Performance Simulation and Optimization of Cylindrical Mirror Spliced Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Liu Bowen , Mbabazi Vian , Huang Weidong
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a new type of solar trough collector with cylindrical mirror spliced and develops a new ray tracing method to predict and optimize its performance. The mirrors of this system are composed of multiple cylindrical mirrors whose centres are on a parabola and the normal vector of the centers of each cylindrical mirror is consistent with the normal vector of the parabola point where it is located. This paper compares the cylindrical mirror spliced trough solar system with the conventional parabolic trough system and finds that the influence of cylindrical spherical and coma aberration can be reduced to negligible levels by adjusting the system design. At the same time, the slope error and cost of the cylindrical mirror is much less than the parabolic mirror so it has better performance from numerical simulation. On the vernal equinox, the net efficiency of the cylindrical mirror spliced system using a cavity receiver is 22.39% higher than that of the conventional trough system using vacuum tube receiver. The cylindrical mirror spliced system can be further optimized to achieve an annual net efficiency of 60.2% in the north-south horizontal axis tracking mode.
Preparation of the New Magnetic Nanoadsorbent Fe3O4@SiO2‐yl‐VP and Study on the Adsorption Properties of Hg (II) and Pb (II) in Water
Authors: Chen Dun , Chen Jianxin , Zhou Wanyong , Sawut Amatjan
Published: October 2024

This article reports the preparation of a novel functionalized magnetic nanoadsorbent through an addition reaction between Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with allyl silica gel and 4-pyridinyl ethylene, detailed characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2-yl-VP was conducted. Among them, in the infrared spectrum, we can easily see that the absorption peak of C=C stretching vibration at 1660 cm-1 in the raw material disappears after the addition reaction, indicating the successful grafting of polymer on the surface of silica gel. The appearance of N element in the EDS spectrum also proves the successful completion of the addition reaction and the successful synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2-yl-VP. At pH=5 and pH=7, it only takes half an hour for Fe3O4@SiO2-yl-VP to achieve maximum adsorption capacities of 85.06 and 73.78 mg/g for Hg (II) and Pb (II), respectively. The adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model and pesudo first and pesudo second order kinetic models, and can be reused 11 times, demonstrating excellent reusability.
Method for Determining the Influence of Material Density on Set Parameters in X-Ray Computed Tomography Measurement
Authors: Ostrowska Ksenia , Sładek Jerzy , Wołkanowski Paweł , Dominik Ireneusz , Owczarek Danuta , Nykiel Marek , Tomczyk Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

The CT (computed tomography) scanner has been used for many years now not only for medical measurements, but also in many industries, mostly for tasks such as defectoscopy, measuring sheet thickness, checking the joining of materials, but also for measuring the geometry of individual components. It is a good complement to coordinate contact and non-contact measurements for intra-structural measurements and inaccessible places. The variety of materials, however, makes it very difficult to select individual CT parameters. In this paper, a curve for selecting the maximum and minimum voltage of the lamp depending on the density of a given material has been determined and an interpolation polynomial (1d third-degree polynomial) has been used, by defining 3rd-degree glued functions (cubic spline) to determine intermediate voltage values to a given material density, so as to determine full data ranges. This approach will facilitate the work of selecting scanning parameters for nondestructive testing, as this is a difficult process and sometimes consumes half of the measurement time. Work is underway at the Accredited Coordinate Metrology Laboratory to develop a multi-criteria matrix for selecting CT measurement parameters for measurement accuracy.
Levenberg-Marquardt Procedure for Modelling Accelerometers Used in the Energy Industry
Authors: Tomczyk Krzysztof , Ostrowska Ksenia , Sładek Jerzy , Konieczny Jarosław
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an effective Levenberg-Marquardt procedure for modeling accelerometers used in the energy industry. The proposed procedure applies the results of accelerometer calibration methods commonly used in engineering practice using stationary or portable calibrators. These methods are extended here to more advanced solutions, which will constitute the basis for further research (both practical and theoretical) into improving the accuracy of accelerometers, which play an extremely important diagnostic function in the operation of machines, devices and the wide range of components used in the energy industry.
Industrial Disasters and Hazards: From Causes to Consequences—A Holistic View
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. , Renner Renate , Jakovljević Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Starting from accelerated industrial development, industrial disasters (chemical spills, explosions, nuclear accidents, etc.), which fall under man-made (technological) disasters, increasingly threaten human lives, the environment, and property. Their complexity and far-reaching consequences, both at the local and global levels, require effective management of industrial risks and the disasters themselves (preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery). For these reasons, the review paper aims to provide a holistic description of the diverse causes, dynamics, and multidimensional consequences of disasters. Additionally, it highlights and explains the key factors that directly or indirectly contribute to their occurrence. Furthermore, it could be said that the paper analyzes existing strategies for managing risks from industrial disasters and systematizes recommendations for improving preventive and reactive measures in high-risk industries. On the other side, the paper utilizes a comprehensive literature review, which involves the systematic identification, review, analysis, and critical evaluation of existing scientific papers, studies, reports, and regulatory documents on industrial disasters. Besides that, it also includes a detailed analysis of well-known industrial disaster cases such as Seveso (Italy, 1976), Bhopal (India, 1984), Chernobyl (Ukraine, then USSR, 1986), and Fukushima (Japan, 2011). The paper emphasizes that industrial disasters are often the result of the combined influence and interaction of technical failures, human errors, and inadequately developed safety procedures. Moreover, it can be highlighted that the design and implementation of preventive measures, such as regular maintenance of technical systems and systematic training and education of employees, are crucial for reducing the likelihood of such catastrophic events. The implications of this review paper are multifaceted and point to the following: the need to reassess current safety practices in industries; reconsider the potential for introducing innovations in preventive technical-technological solutions; examine the thorough implementation of innovative early warning systems, safety procedures, and modern equipment in facilities; improve cooperation between engineers, safety managers, and regulatory workers; reassess the need for additional updates and tightening of regulations regarding the storage, transport, and use of hazardous materials in industry; and improve the management of risks from industrial disasters.
Integrating Geosynthetics and Vegetation for Erosion Control Applications
Authors: Olinic Tatiana , Olinic Ernest-Daniel , Butcaru Ana-Cornelia
Published: October 2024

The stability of slopes is a critical challenge in various civil engineering projects, such as embankments, cut-slopes, landfills, dams, transportation infrastructure, and riverbank restoration. Stabilizing slopes using bioengineering methods is a sustainable approach that limits the negative impact of engineering works; such methods should be implemented and adopted worldwide. Geosynthetic materials and plant roots are sustainable for preventing erosion and surface landslides. The plants used for this paper are known to have beneficial effects on erosion control, namely Festuca arundinaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratensis, Trifolium pratense, and Trifolium repens. Using vegetation as a bio-reinforcement method is often more cost-effective and environmentally friendly than traditional engineering solutions. The paper interprets the erosion process that occurred on sandy slopes protected by organic soil layers and geosynthetic materials under rainfall simulation on scale model tests.
Comparative Analysis of Air Conditioning Unit Performance with and without External Cooling System
Authors: Aldorihim Bander Abdulrazaq
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explored the integration of evaporative cooling pads (ECPs), typically used for cooling open areas in arid climates, with split air conditioning systems. The objective was to assess the improvement in cooling efficiency and the reduction in electricity consumption. Two experimental setups were evaluated: a standard setup without an evaporative cooling system (ECS) and an enhanced setup incorporating ECS. The ECS was installed behind the outdoor air conditioning unit, positioned near the condenser, and supplied with water through a pump system. The key performance metric was electricity consumption, and the findings revealed a significant 36% reduction in energy usage when the ECS was employed. Additionally, the cooling performance within the conditioned space improved. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating evaporative cooling systems into air conditioning units to enhance energy efficiency in desert environments, with a detailed comparison of system performance based on air conditioner capacity and electrical current readings.
Investigation on the Coordination Bonding Nature of Actinide-Doped Endohedral Borospherenes An@B400/+/- (An = U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm)
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Ni , Wei Zhi-Hong , Li Si-Dian
Published: October 2024

Endohedral metallo-borospherenes M@B40 have received considerable attention since the discovery of B40 in 2014. However, the coordination bonding nature of most of the actinide-doped endohedral An@B40 still remains in disputes or unexplored. Extensive first-principles theory calculations performed herein unveil the ground states of triplet U@B40 (1, C2v, 3A2), quartet U@B40- (2, C2v, 4B1), quintet Np@B40+ (3, C2v, 5A1), sextet Np@B40 (4, C2, 6A), septet Pu@B40 (5, C2v, 7A2), octet Am@B40 (6, C2v, 8A2), and octet Cm@B40+ (7, C2v, 8A2) at the coupled-cluster with triple excitations CCSD(T) level. Detailed principal interacting spin orbital (PISO) and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) analyses reveal their coordination bonding patterns and show that, with the numbers of unpaired α-electrons in parallel spins varying from nα = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, to 7 in these complexes, the percentage contribution of the An 5f-involved PISO pairs to overall coordination bonding interactions decreases monotonously from 41% to 1%, the contribution of An 6d-involved PISO pairs increases monotonously from 47% to 72%, while the marginal contribution of An 7s-involved PISO pairs remains basically unchanged (4~7%). The IR, Raman, and photoelectron spectra of the most concerned species are computationally simulated to facilitate their characterizations in future experiments.
Knowledge Assessment of Hospital Nursing Staff Regarding Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Albougami Abdulrhman , Banawas Saeed S
Published: October 2024

Objective: Clostridioides difficile, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus, has emerged as a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, significantly contributing to infectious diarrhea and increasing healthcare costs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study polled Saudi Arabian nursing staff from July 2023 till December 2023 to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and habits regarding C. difficile infection (CDI). They were evaluated using a pre-tested, standardized questionnaire. Results: A total of 358 nurses in Saudi Arabia were surveyed, and 66% reported having knowledge of C. difficile procedures. However, only 30.5% of respondents correctly classified C. difficile as an anaerobic bacillus, while 42% were aware of the organism’s common occurrence in healthy adult volunteers. Additionally. 56% of respondents were aware of risk factors, and 49% could name typical medicines that might cause illness. Merely 24% acknowledged the cytotoxin test as the gold standard for detection. Of those who responded, 27% identified hand washing your hands was the greatest preventive approach and 36% thought that oral metronidazole was the best course of action. Conclusions: These findings highlight the global challenge that nurses are adequately knowledgeable on C. difficile. They stress the necessity of continuing education and training to enhance CDI management and patient outcomes, regardless of geographical variances.
Comprehensive Technical Inspection of a Medieval Bridge (Ponte de Vilanova, in Allariz) Using Microtechnological Tools
Authors: Elizalde Rubén Rodríguez
Published: October 2024

Ponte de Vilanova, a masonry bridge, was built in Allariz, Galicia, in the 13th-14th centuries. It is still standing. The structure, generally well-preserved, shows minor deformations and wear signs caused by environmental factors. To conduct a comprehensive assessment without impacting the bridge’s integrity, drones with thermal and underwater imaging technology were employed. Aerial inspections revealed vegetation growth and minor efflorescence (salt deposits) in some areas, while aerial thermography detected temperature variations along the stone joints, indicating moisture presence. The granite blocks comprising the bridge showed consistent quality and preservation. The underwater inspection confirmed that the bridge’s piers are well-set on the riverbed, with no major damage observed, ruling out immediate repair needs. This approach allowed a thorough evaluation of submerged parts without requiring divers, enhancing safety and reducing costs.
The effect of using ar sinaps learning supplements on high school students' concept understanding of respiratory system topics
Authors: Rini Daniar Setyo , Azrai Eka Putri , Inayah Shabrina Syifa
Published: October 2024

There are many levels of objects studied in biology, and parts of the anatomy and physiology of the body still need to be appropriately understood. This problem needs to be clarified to enhance students' understanding of concepts in studying biology, especially in the respiratory system topic. This study aims to determine the effect of Augmented Reality-based learning supplements (AR SINAPS) on high school students' conceptual understanding of the respiratory system. This research was conducted in January-April 2023 at SMAN 38 Jakarta, Indonesia class XI MIPA. This study used a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental methods and pretest-posttest group experimental research designs. The sample was randomly selected using the simple random sampling technique of 62 students: 31 in the experimental class (using AR SINAPS) and 31 in the control class (using E-Module). Data were obtained using a conceptual understanding test instrument of 30 multiple-choice questions. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and the enhancement in understanding the concept of the respiratory system was measured by the normality gain test (N-Gain). The N-Gain value for the experimental class was higher than the control class; the experimental class was 0.69, and the control class was 0.55. The results of the N-Gain percentage of both classes were in the medium category with different categories of effectiveness; the experimental class was quite effective, and the control class was less effective. Based on the study's results, the AR SINAPS learning supplement significantly affects high school students' conceptual understanding of the respiratory system.
Empowering scientific literacy skills through an integrated SSCS learning model with RQA strategies
Authors: Yusnaeni  , Imakulata Mbing. M. , Nikmah  , Santrum Mario. J. , Jasman  , Sudirman  , Dama Waldetrudis. V. , Bangngu Nolvan. C. , Wiltin Gabriela. F. , Tukan Etheldrida S. T.
Published: October 2024

Understanding science is needed in the context of scientific literacy. Scientific literacy cannot be separated from the role of reading literacy. Literacy is a prerequisite component so that students can have four life competencies namely Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, and Communication (4C). This research is quasi-experimental research with a pretest and post-test non-equivalent control group design. The population is students from SMP Negeri 9 and 17 with a class VIII sample of 105 students. The instrument for assessing students' scientific literacy skills is in the form of multiple-choice tests and essays prepared to represent indicators of scientific literacy, namely: 1) identifying scientific problems/phenomena, 2) interpreting data and drawing conclusions, 3) understanding science concepts, and 4) applying science concepts to life. Data on students' scientific literacy abilities analyzed using the t-test. using the SPSS ver. 20. The research results obtained show that there is a difference in scientific literacy between the SSCS model treatment group integrated with RQA learning strategies and the conventional model. The SSCS+RQA class experienced an increase of 52.48%. The significant increase changed the scientific literacy category from low to very high. Meanwhile, the RQA control class experienced an increase of 33.89%. This increase was also able to change the scientific literacy category from low to high.
Spondylolisthesis in Young Patients in a Large National Cohort
Authors: Nilssen Paal K. , Narendran Nakul , Finkel Ryan A. , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Skaggs David L.
Published: October 2024

Background:

The current literature investigating surgical treatments for lumbar spondylolisthesis in adolescent patients is limited by small sample sizes. There are high reoperation rates, and posterior interbody fusion has not been reported to help. The current study aimed to utilize a nationwide database to investigate outcomes of spinal fusion for spondylolisthesis in young patients.

Methods:

The PearlDiver database was queried for patients <21 years old who had undergone lumbar spinal fusion for spondylolisthesis between 2010 and 2020. Patients were divided into 4 cohorts based on surgical approach: (1) posterior spinal fusion with posterior instrumentation (PSF), (2) posterior spinal fusion with posterior instrumentation plus interbody (PSF+I), (3) anterior spinal fusion without posterior instrumentation (ASF), and (4) anterior spinal fusion plus posterior instrumentation (A+PSF). Patients with <2 years of follow-up were excluded. The primary outcome was reoperation.

Results:

Of 33,945 patients with spondylolisthesis, 578 (1.7%) underwent lumbar spinal fusion: 236 (40.8%) had PSF, 219 (37.9%) had PSF+I, 66 (11.4%) had ASF, and 57 (9.9%) had A+PSF. The mean age was 16.5 ± 1.1 years, and the mean follow-up was 5.4 ± 2.9 years. A higher percentage of girls underwent surgery compared with boys (2.0% versus 1.4%). Survival analysis using all-cause reoperation as the end point demonstrated an overall 5-year reoperation-free survival rate of 85.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.5% to 88.6%). The overall reoperation rate within 5 years was significantly different depending on the approach, with A+PSF being the lowest at 7.0% (PSF = 11.9%, PSF+I = 10.5%, and ASF = 31.8%).

Conclusions:

This is the largest reported series of spondylolisthesis surgery in young people. The lowest rate of revisions within 5 years was for a combined approach of A+PSF. The 5-year risk of reoperation of 31.8% for a stand-alone ASF appeared to be unacceptably high compared with other approaches, and was over 4 times higher than A+PSF (7.0%). Consistent with previous clinical series, the addition of an interbody fusion to a PSF did not decrease the reoperation rate and did not appear to offer any advantages to a PSF alone.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
State dependence of cloud feedback and its implications for climate sensitivity
Authors: He Haozhe , Soden Brian , Zhang Bosong , Vecchi Gabriel , Yang Wenchang
Published: October 2024

The time-dependence of climate feedbacks is critical for understanding and constraining climate sensitivity. Although time-varying feedbacks are typically attributed to the geographic pattern of surface warming, it can also arise from a state-dependence of feedbacks on global temperature. Utilizing a coordinated set of CMIP6 model simulations, we demonstrate a systematic increase in climate sensitivity as the base state warms. This state-dependence is further explored in a series of GFDL model simulations that span a larger range of base states. Both sets of simulations exhibit a monotonic increase in climate sensitivity due to a strengthening of cloud feedback in warmer climates. This occurs primarily over middle and high latitudes, where a weakening in the negative optical depth feedback consistently overwhelms changes or shifts in cloud amount. These changes are not attributable to differences in mixed-phase cloud microphysics or meridional shifts of mid-latitude storm tracks as have been previously suggested. Instead, the warmer moist adiabat—characterized by an increase in adiabatic cloud water content with surface warming, driven by a modest reduction in lapse rate and a significant rise in cloud-base saturation vapor pressure—and the weakened adiabaticity dominate the state-dependence of cloud feedback, alongside the intrinsic logarithmic dependence of cloud albedo on optical depth. This represents a fundamental state-dependence of cloud feedback, implying a continuing increase in climate sensitivity but reaching a maximum value earlier than previous studies and assessments suggested. Main Text
The Influence of Adjacent Buildings on Seismic Motion Field Considering Building-Site Interaction
Authors: Zhang Qi , Huang Hao , Cui Ruyu , Chen Denghong , Xie Lili
Published: October 2024

Due to the interaction between buildings and sites during an earthquake, buildings can impact the seismic motion in their proximity. In this study, a nonlinear finite element model of building-site interaction considering soil nonlinearity is established by numerical simulation. The building-site interaction effects on the ground motion field around buildings are investigated under various site conditions and building dynamic properties. The seismic response spectra analysis results indicate that: (1) Buildings noticeably alter seismic response spectra nearby, generally reducing them at short periods and amplifying them at long periods. This effect is more pronounced on soft soil sites with lower shear wave velocities, resulting in up to 48% reductions compared to free-field conditions. (2) The presence of buildings changes the fundamental period of the building-site interaction system. Larger building masses on sites with lower shear wave velocities increase disturbances in seismic response spectra across all periods. (3) The building-site interaction effect on ground motion spectra diminishes gradually with increasing distance from buildings in surrounding areas. The larger building mass extended the influence range of building-site interaction, and this influence is more pronounced on soft sites. (4) Soil nonlinearity significantly increased the spatial variability and extent of building disturbances, especially for ground motions with long periods.
MicroRNA expression profiling and potential biomarker exploration in BMSCs of osteoporosis patients based on high-throughput sequencing technology
Authors: Zhang Shunli , He Yongxiong , Chen Rong , Gu Yuntao , Xu Chunzhao , Du Xiuqiong , Wang Guangji , Du Xiufan
Published: October 2024

Background
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are core stem cells and their differentiation orientation directly manipulates the ongoing of osteoporosis (OP). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are momentously characterized molecular in BMSCs. However, the leading pattern and trait of miRNAs in OP remain vague and mysterious. Full-scale research of BMSCs-existed miRNA expression between normal conditions and patients experiencing OP is the only way for us to pinpoint the effect of miRNA, making us rationally and effectively utilize miRNA.
Objective
This review chiefly lies in exploring, selecting, verifying, and confirming the biomarker of miRNAs by dissecting miRNA patterns, which offer diagnosis reference, monitor value, customized feature therapy by developing related preparation, and emerging prognosis indicators.
Methods
We gathered miRNA-seq datasets from human BMSCs to detect the expression pattern of miRNA. Herein, we searched and distinguished microRNA expression levels of BMSCs, sifted the distinctively existing microRNAs, sought the preferentially expressed microRNAs, had knowledge of the target points of related microRNA biomarkers, and boosted our awareness of the role of miRNAs and the development of pharmaceutical preparation aimed at it.
Results
These miRNAs manifested aberrant expression variation between matched control and OP cases, they mainly draw upon the Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, and Notch pathways to perform signal delivery, mediating the osteogenesis, adipogenesis, the balance of these two kinds of differentiated conversion, the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, stemness, and senescence of BMSCs, and biological ongoing of chondrocytes and osteoclasts. In addition, the treatment based on miRNAs of in vitro trials in combination with animal models defined the application of miRNA-linked therapy.
Conclusion
This paper accorded proof of miRNAs as screening tools, confirmation guidance, treatment means, and prediction indicators of OP, paved the emerging road for clinical practice, and pushed the development of personalized remedies that break through regular remedies.
Understanding Pathogenic Detection Rates of CNVs in Prenatal Diagnosis: Insights from a Cohort Study
Authors: Zhu Shaohua , Cheng Shibing , Jia Chunyang , liu Furong , Hao Shengju , Lin Pengwu , Zhang Qinghua , Feng Xuan
Published: October 2024

The current study aimed to explore the clinical utility of CNV-seq in prenatal diagnosis by comparing the pathogenic detection rates of copy number variants (CNVs) in pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis for various indications and across different CNV fragment sizes. A total of 1,118 pregnant women who received CNV-seq testing were included in the cohort and categorized into eight groups (Groups A to H) based on their testing indications, with the mixed group (Group H) serving as the reference. The top three groups with the highest pathogenic detection rates were high-risk NIPT (Group A), parental chromosomal abnormalities (Group D), and high-risk trisomy 18 (Group F), with detection rates of 92.16% (141/153), 80% (4/5), and 70% (14/20), respectively. The pathogenic CNV detection rate in our reference group (Group H) was 69.02% (127/184). A binary logistic regression analysis comparing the other seven groups against Group H showed that the detection rate in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group H (P < 0.05), while Groups B, C, E, and G had significantly lower detection rates. Furthermore, based on CNV fragment size, cutoffs were established at 1 Mb and 5 Mb, and the study cohort was further divided into four groups (Groups I to IV). Using the group with multiple CNVs (Group IV) as the reference, the pathogenic detection rates for each group were calculated. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that Group I had a significantly lower detection rate than Group IV (P < 0.05), while Group III exhibited a significantly higher detection rate (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that abnormal NIPT results are often associated with a higher pathogenic detection rate, and larger CNV fragments exceeding 5 Mb are more likely to be pathogenic. This study provides crucial insights into the clinical application of CNV-seq in prenatal diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of abnormal NIPT results and CNV fragment size in clinical interpretation, thereby facilitating more accurate prenatal risk assessment.
Combined Strategy Of α9-Integrin Transduction and AEIDGIEL Peptide-Functionalized Fibrin Gel Biomaterials to Promote Mature DRG Neurite Growth
Authors: Cimpean Anda , Roll Lars , Reinhard Jacqueline , Kwok Jessica , Faissner Andreas , Fawcett James W. , Jendelová Pavla
Published: October 2024

Spinal cord injury involves complex pathobiological mechanisms, necessitating a multidimensional approach for its cure. Previous studies have shown that α9-integrin expression and activation in mature dorsal root ganglion neurons enable the regeneration of injured axons within the spinal cord. However, tissue cavitation and fibrosis impede the regenerating axons from following their usual pathways, forcing them to seek alternative routes rich in tenascin-C, the primary ligand of the integrin. Fibrin gel can offer three-dimensional support for axonal extension through the cavitated area, preventing the formation of aberrant paths and connections that occur in the absence of a suitable scaffold. The aim of this study was to investigate how combining α9-integrin expression with the use of a fibrin gel as an extracellular microenvironment affects mature DRG neurites growth in vitro. Additionally, we sought to functionalize fibrin with AEIDGIEL peptide, the active domain of tenascin-C, to ensure α9-integrin activation. Our results indicate that fibrin gels are a suitable biomaterial for promoting neurite growth and that AEIDGIEL peptide effectively activates the integrin. In conclusion, the proposed combination therapy of α9-integrin and fibrin gel biomaterials incorporating AEIDGIEL peptide shows promise for addressing the complex challenges of spinal cord injury and promoting effective neural regeneration, laying the foundation for further in vivo research.
Direct synthesis of Cu/ZnO/SiO2 catalyst using induction flow levitation and catalytic activity in methanol production from CO2
Authors: Markov Artyom N. , Golovacheva Anna A. , Kapinos Alexander A. , Dokin Egor S. , Grachev Pavel P. , Petukhov Anton N. , Atlaskin Artem , Vorotyntsev Ilya V. , Suvorov Sergey S. , Vorotyntsev Andrey V.
Published: October 2024

The feasibility of utilizing induction flow levitation technique for synthesizing catalysts aimed at facilitating methanol production was explored in this study. Two distinct types of catalysts were prepared on a silicon dioxide substrate through mechanochemical synthesis utilizing copper and zinc oxide nanopowders: Cu/SiO2 and Cu/ZnO/SiO2. Subsequently, comprehensive characterization of the resulting nanoparticles and catalytic systems was conducted employing a suite of physicochemical techniques. Additionally, the purity assessment of the resultant nanoparticles was accomplished utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The investigation of catalytic activity was carried out within a continuous-flow reactor, wherein methanol emerged as the predominant reaction product. Over the course of the experiment, a reduction in operating pressure was achieved while upholding elevated methanol productivity and ensuring a notable carbon dioxide conversion rate. Experimental analyses conducted on the pilot plant demonstrated that the catalyst incorporating zinc oxide showcased superior efficiency, attributed to its heightened CO2 and H2 sorption capabilities, consistent with the results of thermoprogrammed desorption. As by-products of the reaction, carbon monoxide, ethanol, methyl formate, dimethyl ether, propanol, isobutyl, and isopropanol were detected.
Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Attention Bias in Individuals with Right-Hemispheric Stroke and Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Shanjia , Lei Lei , Yu Guo , Yu Jiahui , Huang Jili , Huang Jiyi , he Xiaokuo , Lin Xin
Published: October 2024

Background
In neurorehabilitation, limited research exists on response performance and attention deficits in individuals with neglect across allocentric (aSC) and egocentric (eSC) spatial coding frameworks. These deficits are commonly assessed using pen-and-paper tests, which often fail to detect subclinical lateralized attention deficits. A computer-based task involving detecting shapes using a cue-to-target paradigm offers precise and sensitive data for identifying allocentric and egocentric spatial attention deficits.
Methods
This pilot study involved 18 right-handed healthy volunteers (HC) aged 23.89 ± 3.44 years, 13 individuals with right-hemispheric stroke and neglect (USN+) aged 32.83 ± 4.45 years, and 10 with stroke but no neglect (USN-) aged 32.6 ± 5.18 years, who performed a computer-based attention task. Response time (RT), accuracy rate (AR), lateralized visual perception deficits, reorienting spatial attention deficits, and disengagement deficits were recorded and analyzed.
Results
The USN + group had lower AR and slower RT in both aSC and eSC conditions than the USN- and HC groups across visual fields and cue types. Notably, the USN + group showed a greater RT delay for left and right visual fields (LVF) targets in the contralesional visual field than in the ipsilesional field, a pattern absent in the USN- or HC. No significant differences in AR and total RT were found between the aSC and eSC groups, but both stroke groups took longer to identify LVF targets in aSC than in eSC. Only the HC group displayed a significantly positive validity effect, with slower RT after invalid cues. This reflected their ability to disengage attention and maintain alertness. The USN + group had significantly slower RT for invalidly cued contralesional targets compared to the USN- and HC groups both in conditions.
Conclusion
Our study shows that individuals with neglect exhibit a rightward attentional bias during visuospatial tasks in both aSC and eSC conditions. Individuals without neglect, though classified as subclinical by pen-and-paper tests, showed a rightward bias in aSC and a leftward bias in eSC tasks using computer-based assessments. Those with or without neglect had greater difficulty with allocentric target identification in the contralesional visual field compared to egocentric processing. Additionally, individuals with neglect demonstrated a disengagement deficit, while both groups showed reorienting deficits in visuospatial attention.
Bias-Switchable Photomultiplication and Photovoltaic Dual-Mode Flexible Near-Infrared Organic Photodetector
Authors: Wang Yazhong , Huang Yijun , Shao Lin , Hao Lu , Zheng Jie , Cao Yunhao , Li Shuaiqi , Tan Zhaohong , Li Shuai , Zhong Wenkai , Dong Sheng , Yang Xiye , Benduhn Johannes , Liu Chunchen , Leo Karl , Huang Fei
Published: October 2024

Photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors (PM-OPDs) offer signal amplification, ideal for faint light detection and simplified systems, but typically face slow response speeds and high dark currents. In contrast, photovoltaic-type OPDs (PV-OPDs) provide fast response and high detectivity (D*) but have limited photoresponse. This study introduces a non-fullerene acceptor, BFDO-4F, into the active layer to create trap states for photogenerated electron capture. The resulting device exhibits dual-mode characteristics and is bias-switchable between PV and PM-modes. It achieves a high D* of 1.92×10¹² Jones and fast response times of 2.83/4.43 µs in PV-mode, and exceptional EQEs up to 3484% in PM-mode. Notably, an on-chip self-powered module featuring PV-mode pixels driving a PM-mode pixel is demonstrated, yielding a photocurrent approximately five times higher than the reference device. This approach establishes a new framework for developing multifunctional, bias-switchable, dual-mode on-chip OPDs, unlocking diverse opportunities in highly integrated advanced sensing applications.
Extraction of banana fiber and characterization analysis of a hybrid (banana, jute, carbon and glass) reinforced composite material.
Authors: Based Md. Abdul
Published: October 2024

Banana is a well-known tree in many countries. After harvesting bananas, the trees are cut down. The fibers obtained through this plant processing acquire luxurious properties like high strength, toughness, durability, etc. Due to the micro-pores on its surface, it has good reinforcing ability with resins. In many engineering applications today, including the automotive industry, natural fiber composites or composites that combine natural fibers with high performance fibers are preferred over synthetic fiber composites. Here a simple process is adopted to extract the banana fiber where no machines or chemicals are used. Three types of composite materials are made from banana, carbon, jute, and glass fiber, as well as their yarns, fabrics and mats. Three different samples, namely S1, S2, and S3, were prepared using the hand lay-up technique. After analyzing their properties, it showed that the highest mechanical properties are found in the composite of [Carbon fabric-(jute+banana) blended yarn-glass mat] at the direction of Yarn. The tensile strengths of samples S1, S2, and S3 are 229 MPa, 289 MPa, and 223 MPa, respectively, with elongation values of 6.47%, 5.59%, and 7.24%. For the flexural strength test, the results are 247 MPa for S1, 294 MPa for S2, and 234 2 MPa for S3. Finally, the impact strength results show 22 J for S1, 15 J for S2, and 19 J for S3. The qualities of the above features ensure that they can be used in the automobile industry.
Algorithmisation of the Means of Representing the “New Knowledge” Frame in Popular Science Discourse
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Liubov Yu. , Udaltsova Anastasia R. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2024

The paper outlines research identifying key elements of the ‘new knowledge’ frame in popular science Telegram channels. Highlighting categories that can be used to describe this frame, authors propose principles for developing an algorithm to search for it. The article demonstrates that the terminals’ automatic recognition of the frame ‘new knowledge’ is accomplished by developing a multistage search algorithm that involves describing programmed units located within the different-level linguistic means, creating a qualitative sample, and drawing conclusions about the inclusion of the category in the algorithm’s requirements. The paper employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to identify trends in various types of media to make some basis for further development of a supervised ML system. An analysis of 288 units from popular science Telegram channels reveals that the location and frequency of framing techniques in texts indicate the quality and level of audience preparation. The results of the study have demonstrated that the term ‘new knowledge’ is explicated via the set of semantics components that form the following microfi elds: a) The course of study; b) The result of study; c) The subject of research work; d) Comparison between new knowledge and old knowledge; e) Novelty of knowledge; f) Denial of previous knowledge. The aim of the frame description is to develop an algorithm that can identify units within this frame in real speech materials of social media. This will aid future research on objection’s stylistics and enable the development of AI systems that can be trained to recognize objection styles. Keywords: framing, computational linguistics, popular science discourse, automatic text analysis, objection