bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances on injectable nanocomposite hydrogels towards bone tissue rehabilitation
Authors: Phogat Kapender , Ghosh Subrata Bandhu , Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh Sanchita
Published: November 2022

There has been significant interest in the recent past to develop injectable hydrogel scaffolds that follow minimally invasive implantation procedures towards efficient healing and regeneration of defective bone tissues. Such scaffolds offer several advantages, as they can be injected into the irregularly shaped defect and can act as a low‐density aqueous reservoir, incorporating necessary components for bone tissue repair and augmentation. Considering that bone is a biocomposite of natural biopolymer and bioapatite nanofiller, there has been a growing trend to develop nanocomposite scaffolds by combining biopolymers and inorganic nanofillers to biomimic the hierarchical nanostructure and composition of natural bone. Furthermore, the nanocomposite scaffolds can be tailored to have patient‐specific bone properties, which can lead to better biological responses. The present article begins with the introduction, followed by an overview of polymer matrices, property requirements, and crosslinking techniques employed for injectable hydrogels. Various strategies to develop injectable composites, with emphasis on nanocomposite hydrogels incorporating bioinert and bioactive nanofillers have been discussed. The fundamental challenges related to the development of injectable hydrogel nanocomposite scaffolds and the research efforts directed towards solving these problems have also been reviewed. Finally, future trends and conclusions on new generation injectable hydrogel nanocomposite bone scaffolds have been discussed in this article.
Facile one‐pot synthesis of fluorescent aminoclay and the applications for fluorescence sensing Cr2O72−
Authors: Guo Yongming , Shi Junyan , Li Yijin , Wei Chengwei , Fang Tiancheng , Liu Jiani , Tao Tao
Published: November 2022

Here, we developed a facile one‐pot strategy for the fabrication of fluorescent aminoclay (F‐AC) through in situ solvothermal treatment of 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, MgCl2, and sodium ascorbate at 180°C for 6 h. The obtained F‐AC exhibited blue emission, good water solubility, and satisfactory photostability. It was observed that Cr2O72− could selectively quench the fluorescence of F‐AC through the inner filter effect and static quenching process. As a result, a novel fluorescent F‐AC‐based nanosensor was constructed with good linearity in the range 0.1–75 μM. The nanosensor was successfully applied in real water samples with satisfactory results. This work not only provides a novel nanosensor for Cr2O72−, but also highlights the F‐AC's promising applications in wider fields due to the versatility and simplicity of the preparation strategy.
Small molecule ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy for harnessing innate immunity
Authors: Choi Junwon
Published: November 2022

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) was recently identified as a major hydrolase of an endogenous stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, 2′,3′‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP). ENPP1 is a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy, in which the inhibition of ENPP1 enhances anticancer immunity via STING‐mediated innate immune activation. This review highlights the role of ENPP1 in innate immunity and the recent discovery of small molecule ENPP1 inhibitors as immunomodulators in cancer immunotherapy.
Tetrandrine alleviates inflammation and neuron apoptosis in experimental traumatic brain injury by regulating the IRE1α/JNK/CHOP signal pathway
Authors: Liu Huan , He Shiqing , Li Chong , Wang Jianpeng , Zou Qin , Liao Yongshi , Chen Rui
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic roles of Tetrandrine (TET) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the underlying mechanism.

Method

Traumatic injury model of hippocampal neurons and TBI mouse model were established to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The expression of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), Caspase 3, and Caspase 12 was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of TNF‐α, NF‐κB, TRAF1, ERS markers (GADD34 and p‐PERK), IRE1α, CHOP, JNK, and p‐JNK were evaluated by western blot. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis of neurons. Brain injury was assessed by Garcia score, cerebral water content, and Evan blue extravasation test. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to determine the morphological changes of hippocampal tissue. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining.

Result

In traumatic injury model of hippocampal neurons, TET downregulated NSE, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, TRAF1, GADD34, p‐PERK, IRE1α, CHOP, and p‐JNK expression. TET reduced Caspase 3 and Caspase 12 cleavage. Apoptosis rate was inhibited by the introduction of TET. TET improved the Garcia neural score, decreased the cerebral water content and Evans blue extravasation, and reduced NSE, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, TRAF1, IRE1α, CHOP, and p‐JNK expression in mice with TBI, which was significantly reversed by Anisomycin, a JNK selective activator.

Conclusion

TET alleviated inflammation and neuron apoptosis in experimental TBI by regulating the IRE1α/JNK/CHOP signal pathway.
Design of a bactericidal hydrogel scaffold containing genipin crosslinked HF‐18 peptide
Authors: Boncukcu Nilbeste , Akgul Busra , Akmayan Ilkgul , Berber Hale , Abamor Emrah Sefik , Ozbek Tulin , Derman Serap
Published: November 2022

Wound healing is a process getting affected by internal and external factors and might be interrupted by infections. To overcome infections during wound healing, novel antibacterial agents such as antimicrobial peptides have gained popularity because of the rising antibiotic resistance. Therefore, in this study, a three‐dimensional polymeric scaffold was designed for the controlled release of HF‐18 peptide, with the contribution of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and chitosan polymers with the crosslinker genipin. The obtained scaffold structure (OPT) was found to have interconnected pores, was pH‐responsive and swelled more in acidic conditions (5446.5% at pH: 5.0). It was observed that HF‐18‐loaded OPT (P‐OPT) was able to release HF‐18 peptide both in acidic and neutral conditions in a controlled release manner. This study also demonstrated that both OPT and P‐OPT were biocompatible and promoted L929 cell attachment and migration. Antimicrobial activity assessments demonstrated that P‐OPT was effectively bactericidal on Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. Moreover, OPT produced a synergistic effect on the antimicrobial activity of HF‐18 peptide, as P‐OPT showed activity below the reported MIC value. As a result, OPT is considered a promising scaffold as a carrier for HF‐18 for wound healing.
Ensure compliance with Section 504 as it applies to student‐veterans with disabilities
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: November 2022

The advocacy efforts of veterans with disabilities helped lead to the enactment of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Too many times, veterans came home from Vietnam only to encounter disability discrimination in employment.
Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity and in Silico Studies of Hexane Extract and Essential Oils from Citrus limon Leaves
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Qadir Rahman , Tahir Akhtar Muhammad , Misbah ur Rehman Muhammad , Anwar Farooq , Eman Rida , Fayyaz ur Rehman Muhammad , Safwan Akram Muhammad
Published: November 2022

The present study investigates the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactivities of essential oil and hexane extract from Citrus limon leaves. The isolation of essential oil was carried out using the Clevenger apparatus. The percentage yield of essential oil and hexane extract from Citrus limon leaves was 0.59 and 0.50 %, respectively. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay highlighted that Citrus limon leaves essential oil (CLEO) and hexane extract exhibited the significant antioxidant potential of 69.64 and 67.55 %, respectively, compared to the BHT standard. Similarly, a significant inhibition in linoleic acid peroxidation was recorded in both CLEO (81.93 %) and hexane extract (50.34 %). Characterization of chemical constituents in CLEO and extract was executed using GC/MS, where Limonene was detected as a major compound in CLEO (60.52 %) and hexane extract (73.62 %). The haemolytic activity ranged from 2.46 to 5.75 % revealing negligible cytotoxicity of CLEO and hexane extract. In silico studies agree with the in vitro antimicrobial studies, where vinimalol, taraxasterol, and moretenol present in CLEO showed strong interactions/inhibition against dihydroorotase and DNA gyrase from E. coli, and the tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase and DNA gyrase from S. aureus. Based on the current data, it may be concluded that both CLEO and hexane extract possessed significant bioactivities, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, with minimal cytotoxicity.
In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Maqian Essential Oil against Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells and LPS‐Induced Endometrial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Li‐ping , Luo Yong , Huang Cheng , Wang Xin‐rong , Huang Ting‐ting , Zou Yong‐yi , Huang Shu‐hui , Liu Yan‐qiu , Yang Bi‐cheng
Published: November 2022

Previous studies revealed that MQEO (Maqian fruits essential oil), which is extracted from the fruit of Maqian (Zanthoxylum myriacanthum var. Pubescens), had a good anti‐inflammatory effect, but the effect on endometriosis in vitro remains unknown. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of MQEO against the EESCs (ectopic endometrial stromal cells) were investigated. Cells were treated with a concentration gradient (from 0.025 % to 0.15 %) of MQEO for 24 h and cell viability was detected by CCK‐8. In addition, apoptotic rates were investigated using flow cytometry. The effect of MQEO on cell migration was determined by wound‐healing and transwell assay. The expression of apoptosis‐associated and cell adhesion‐related proteins was assessed by western blotting. The transcriptional levels of IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α were determined by Real‐time qPCR. RNA‐seq was used to identify the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in MQEO‐pretreated EESCs. We found that the MQEO condition dosage‐dependently reduced the cell viability of EESCs. Based on flow cytometry results, the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with dosage. The wound‐healing and transwell results showed that MQEO group exhibited a significantly decreased cell motility and migration ability in comparison with the normal group. Western blotting results showed that MQEO down‐regulated the expression of Bcl‐2, ICAM‐1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and CD44, but up‐regulated the cleaved caspase‐3 expression in EESCs. What's more, MQEO also inhibited the LPS‐induced inflammation in human EECs (endometrial epithelial cells). RNA‐seq revealed that 221 DEGs were up‐regulated genes and 284 DEGs were down‐regulated in MQEO‐pretreated EESCs. Our data uncovered the beneficial effects of MQEO in endometriosis and provided new insights into the mechanism of the effect of MQEO on EESCs, suggesting MQEO could be a promising new therapeutic agent for endometriosis.
Ozone therapy restores immune dysfunction in refractory idiopathic granulomatous mastitis as a novel potential therapeutic approach
Authors: Cabioglu Neslihan , Cetin Aktas Esin , Emiroglu Selman , Tukenmez Mustafa , Ozkurt Enver , Muslumanoglu Mahmut , Igci Abdullah , Ozmen Vahit , Deniz Gunnur , Dinccag Ahmet S. , Guven Yusuf I.
Published: November 2022

Immunological dysfunction has been suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). We recently showed that ozone therapy was effective in patients with steroid‐resistant IGM. This study assessed alterations in intracellular cytokine expression patterns in different T‐lymphocyte subsets after ozone therapy in refractory IGM. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets (CD8+, CD4+, CD4+CD25+CD127−) were analyzed via flow‐cytometry for intracellular cytokine expressions IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐10, and TGF‐β before and after completion of 4‐month systemic ozone therapy. Ozone therapy significantly increased the CD4+IFN‐γ+ (p = 0.032), CD4+TNF‐α+ (p = 0.028), and the CD8+TNF‐α+ (p = 0.012) T cells. In contrast, significant decreases in CD4+ IL‐10+ (p = 0.047) and CD8+IL‐10+ T cells (p = 0.022) and CD4+CD25+CD127−//low Treg cells secreting TGF‐β (p = 0.005) were found after ozone therapy. When patients were analyzed according to the response to ozone therapy, patients with a complete remission were more likely to have increased CD3−CD16+CD56+ natural killer cells (p = 0.0027) and decreased CD19+ B lymphocytes (p = 0.046) following ozone therapy. Our results suggest that ozone therapy stimulated a T‐helper‐1 response associated with IFN‐γ production and downregulation of TGF‐β expression in CD4+CD25+CD127− Treg cells. These alterations in the immune system following ozone therapy can improve wound healing and restore immune dysfunction in patients with refractory IGM.
Membranous septum length may not be the answer
Authors: Ueyama Hiroki , Block Peter C.
Published: November 2022

Key Points

Two different methods for measurement of membranous septum length have weak correlation and poor agreement.

Both approaches have significant interobserver variability in membranous septum length measurements.

Membranous septum length alone or in combination with implantation depth appears to provide no incremental value in predicting new pacemaker implantation after TAVR over implantation depth alone.
Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes with new‐onset left bundle branch block after SAPIEN‐3 transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sammour Yasser M. , Lak Hassan , Chahine Johnny , Abushouk Abdelrahman , Chawla Sanchit , Kadri Amer , Alkhalaileh Feras , Kumar Sachin , Ghimire Bindesh , Svensson Lars , Popovic Zoran , Tarakji Khaldoun , Wazni Oussama , Reed Grant W. , Yun James , Puri Rishi , Krishnaswamy Amar , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: November 2022

Background

New‐onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) can develop after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) resulting in worse outcomes.

Aims

Describe clinical and echocardiographic outcomes with new‐onset LBBB after TAVR.

Methods

We included consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral‐TAVR with SAPIEN‐3 (S3) valve between April 2015 and December 2018. Exclusion criteria included pre‐existing LBBB, right BBB, left anterior hemiblock, left posterior hemiblock, wide QRS ≥ 120ms, prior permanent pacemaker (PPM), and nontransfemoral access.

Results

Among 612 patients, 11.4% developed new‐onset LBBB upon discharge. The length of stay was longer with new‐onset LBBB compared with no LBBB [3 (2–5) days versus 2 (1–3) days; p < 0.001]. New‐onset LBBB was associated with higher rates of 30‐day PPM requirement (18.6% vs. 5.4%; p < 0.001) and 1‐year heart failure hospitalizations (10.7% vs. 4.4%; p = 0.033). There was no difference in 3‐year mortality between both groups (30.9% vs. 30.6%; p = 0.829). Further, new‐onset LBBB was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at both 30 days (55.9 ± 11.4% vs. 59.3 ± 9%; p = 0.026) and 1 year (55 ± 12% vs. 60.1 ± 8.9%; p = 0.002). These changes were still present when we stratified patients according to baseline LVEF (≥50% or <50%). New‐onset LBBBs were associated with a higher 1‐year LV end‐diastolic volume index (51.4 ± 18.6 vs. 46.4 ± 15.1 ml/m2; p = 0.036), and LV end‐systolic volume index (23.2 ± 14.1 vs. 18.9 ± 9.7 ml/m2; p = 0.009). Compared with resolved new‐onset LBBB, persistent new‐onset LBBB was associated with worse LVEF and higher PPM at 1 year.

Conclusions

New‐onset LBBB after S3 TAVR was associated with higher PPM requirement, worse LVEF, higher LV volumes, and increased heart failure hospitalizations, with no difference in mortality.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy secondary to tacrolimus therapy in a kidney transplant patient: A case report and focused review of the literature
Authors: Hernández Silva Guillermo , Puerto Chaparro Ricardo Giovanni , Martínez Melo Javier Álvaro , Porras Bueno Cristian Orlando , Martínez Rodríguez Javier Eduardo , González Trillos Sharon Julieth
Published: November 2022

Calcineurin inhibitors have become a pillar of immunosuppressive treatment in solid organ transplant recipients. Several case reports have shown hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy as an adverse effect to tacrolimus therapy. We present the case of a kidney transplant recipient woman who developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to tacrolimus therapy.
Ectopic abdominal pregnancy on the ascending colon
Authors: Suleiman Riham , Adwan Dema , Safadi Mhd Firas
Published: November 2022

A 25‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain and amenorrhea. The vaginal ultrasound showed a right para‐adnexal mass with a living embryo. An abdominal pregnancy on the ascending colon was found in the laparotomy. The management included removing the gestational sac and treatment with methotrexate.
Iterative re‐weighted covariates selection for robust feature selection modelling in the presence of outliers (irCovSel)
Authors: Mishra Puneet , Liland Kristian Hovde
Published: November 2022

A new method for feature selective modelling in the presence of outliers is presented. The method is a combination of iterative re‐weighted partial least squares and the covariates selection approach. The method relies on iterative down‐weighting of the outlying samples prior to estimating the squared covariance for covariates selection. In this way, the outlying samples carrying low weights have minimal influence on the squared covariance estimation, while the inliers have the maximum influence on the squared covariance estimation. The method allows selecting robust features, and models based on such features in general perform better in terms of prediction accuracy (lower error) than selecting features using equal sample weights for all samples. The algorithm description and tests of the method in single and multiple response scenarios are presented. Method performance is also demonstrated on a real spectral data set.
Kinetic study of crude oil‐to‐chemicals via steam‐enhanced catalytic cracking in a fixed‐bed reactor
Authors: Xu Qi , Akah Aaron C. , AlHerz Mansour , Aitani Abdullah , Qureshi Ziyauddin S. , Siddiqui M. Abdul Bari , Abo‐Ghander Nabeel
Published: November 2022

This study presents new experimental results on the direct conversion of crude oil to chemicals via steam‐enhanced catalytic cracking. We have organized the experimental results with a kinetics model using crude oil and steam co‐feed in a fixed‐bed flow reactor at reaction temperatures of 625, 650, and 675°C over the Ce‐Fe/ZSM‐5 catalyst. The model let us find optimum conditions for crude oil conversion, and the order of the steam cracking reaction was 2.0 for heavy oil fractions and 1.0 for light oil fractions. The estimated activation energies for the steam cracking reactions ranged between 20 and 200 kJ/mol. Interestingly, the results from kinetic modelling helped in identifying a maximum yield of light olefins at an optimized residence time in the reactor at each temperature level. An equal propylene and ethylene yield was observed between 650 and 670°C, indicating a transition from dominating catalytic cracking at a lower temperature to a dominating thermal cracking at a higher temperature. The results illustrate that steam‐enhanced catalytic cracking can be utilized to effectively convert crude oil into basic chemicals (52.1% C2‐C4 light olefins and naphtha) at a moderate severity (650°C) as compared to the conventional high‐temperature steam cracking process.
Optimization of deep learning models for the prediction of gene mutations using unsupervised clustering
Authors: Chen Zihan , Li Xingyu , Yang Miaomiao , Zhang Hong , Xu Xu Steven
Published: November 2022

Deep learning models are increasingly being used to interpret whole‐slide images (WSIs) in digital pathology and to predict genetic mutations. Currently, it is commonly assumed that tumor regions have most of the predictive power. However, it is reasonable to assume that other tissues from the tumor microenvironment may also provide important predictive information. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised clustering‐based multiple‐instance deep learning model for the prediction of genetic mutations using WSIs of three cancer types obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our proposed model facilitates the identification of spatial regions related to specific gene mutations and exclusion of patches that lack predictive information through the use of unsupervised clustering. This results in a more accurate prediction of gene mutations when compared with models using all image patches on WSIs and two recently published algorithms for all three different cancer types evaluated in this study. In addition, our study validates the hypothesis that the prediction of gene mutations solely based on tumor regions on WSI slides may not always provide the best performance. Other tissue types in the tumor microenvironment could provide a better prediction ability than tumor tissues alone. These results highlight the heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment and the importance of identification of predictive image patches in digital pathology prediction tasks.
A classy energy efficient spider monkey optimization based clustering and data aggregation models for wireless sensor network
Authors: Arunachalam Gnana Soundari , S Vimal , Ramalingam Gomathi , Nanjappan Rajendran
Published: November 2022

Establishment of energy efficient and reliable data routing in wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the most critical and challenging task in the recent days. Also, the overall performance and lifetime of WSN is highly depends on the energy level of sensor nodes, hence it is most essential to save the energy of network. For this purpose, the different types of clustering and data aggregation mechanisms are developed in the conventional works, which are focusing on improving both the energy conservation and lifetime of network. Yet, it facing the challenges of increased computational complexity, inefficient routing of data, high controlling overhead, and reduced reliability. Thus, the proposed work objects to develop a novel energy efficient mechanism by integrating the functionalities of advanced clustering, path selection, and data aggregation methodologies. Here, the spider monkey optimization based energy efficient routing protocol is developed for optimally selecting the cluster head (CH) based on certain parameters of energy, distance, and weight value. In this framework, the data transmission is performed between the source to destination nodes through the relay nodes and CHs, which helps to minimize the energy consumption of network. Then, the Classy Bellman‐Ford algorithm is deployed for identifying the best paths having shortest distance with the sink nodes. Consequently, an anticipated data aggregation mechanism is utilized for ensuring the security and reliability of data transmission in WSN. For evaluation assessment, various performance metrics have been utilized to validate the results of proposed methodology, and also the obtained values are compared with some other recent state‐of‐the‐art models for proving the betterment of proposed mechanism.
Improving Solubility and Avoiding Hygroscopicity of Tetrahydropalmatine by Forming a Pharmaceutical Salt Cocrystal via CAHBs
Authors: Zhang Yunan , Shi Jingwen , Liu Lixin , Su Xin , Peng Bihui , Sun Weitong , Li Jinjing , Feng Yanru , Geng Yiding , Cheng Guangdong
Published: November 2022

In order to improve the solubility of tetrahydropalmatine (THP), an unreported THP‐sulfosalicylic acid (THP‐SSA) pharmaceutical salt cocrystal is designed and synthesized. Structural analysis shows that the building unit of THP‐SSA is composed of two THP cations, two SSA anions and one ethyl acetate molecule. Meanwhile, 1D chain, 2D layered structure, 3D hydrogen bond network, and Supramolecular motif R1110(48) of THP‐SSA are connected by stable charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds (CAHBs) N+‐H···O‐, π–π packing, and hydrogen bond. As expected, the maximum solubility of THP‐SSA in water is about 60 times that of THP, probably due to the protonation of the N atom on the piperidine ring in THP forms a pharmaceutical salt cocrystal, which greatly improves the solubility of THP. However, to the surprise, the hygroscopicity of THP‐SSA is also effectively reduced compared with THP, probably because the hydrogen bonds between THP and SSA have been formed, preventing the entry of water molecules. In addition, THP‐SSA also has higher antibacterial activity than THP. This suggests that forming a pharmaceutical salt cocrystal by cocrystal technology can not only improve the solubility of THP and avoid the hygroscopic property, but also improve the antibacterial activity of THP in vitro.
Glasgow‐Blatchford score combined with nasogastric aspirate as a new diagnostic algorithm for patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Wakatsuki Toshiyuki , Mannami Tomohiko , Furutachi Shinichi , Numoto Hiroki , Umekawa Tsuyoshi , Mitsumune Mayu , Sakaki Tsukasa , Nagahara Hanako , Fukumoto Yasushi , Yorifuji Takashi , Shimizu Shin'ichi
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The Glasgow‐Blatchford score (GBS) is a widely used risk assessment tool for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, it only identifies a relatively low proportion of patients at low risk for adverse events and poor outcomes. We developed a simple diagnostic algorithm combining the GBS and nasogastric aspirate and evaluated its diagnostic performance.

Methods

A total of 115 consecutive patients with suspected nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent nasogastric tube placement and upper endoscopy at our emergency department were prospectively evaluated. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the GBS and our algorithm for predicting high‐risk endoscopic lesions (HRELs) using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Thirty‐five patients had HRELs. Compared with the GBS, our algorithm showed superior performance with respect to the prediction of HRELs (area under the curve, 0.639 and 0.854, respectively; p < 0.001). With set optimal threshold values, the algorithm identified a significantly higher proportion of patients who did not have HRELs than the GBS (23.5% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The novel algorithm has improved the diagnostic performance of the GBS and predicted more patients who did not have HRELs than the GBS alone. After further validation, it may be a useful tool for making clinical management decisions for patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Outpatient treatment of worsening heart failure with intravenous diuretics: first results from a multicentre 2‐year experience
Authors: Wierda Eric , van Maarschalkerwaart Willemijn (W.A.) , van Seumeren Esther , Dickhoff Cathelijne , Montanus Irina , de Boer Dominique , Kop Esther , de Mol Bas A.J.M. , Schroeder‐Tanka Jutta M. , van Heerbeek Loek
Published: November 2022

Aims

The aim of this study is to examine the safety and efficacy of outpatient treatment of worsening heart failure (WHF) with intravenous diuretics.

Methods and results

This is a multicentre retrospective observational research study. Patients with all types of heart failure (HF) were included: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Patients included in this study were 18 years or older, had symptoms of WHF, had weight gain of more than 2 kg, and were not responding to uptitrating of oral diuretic therapy. Patients were treated for one or more days at the outpatient department with administration of intravenous loop diuretics with or without a bolus. In this study, 259 patients were included (mean age of 76 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 41%). Rehospitalization rates for HF were 30.5% and 53.3%, respectively, at 30 days and 1 year. All‐cause mortality was 5.8% and 26.3%, respectively, at 30 days and 1 year. Rehospitalization rates for HF and all‐cause mortality were highest in patients with HFrEF. In a total of 322 individual outpatient treatments with intravenous diuretics, only one adverse event was registered.

Conclusions

Outpatient treatment with intravenous diuretics of patients with WHF is a safe alternative strategy compared with the same treatment in hospitalized patients. However, only non‐randomized data are available and rehospitalization rates for this group with WHF are high. No data are available on the best selection criteria and the cost‐effectiveness of outpatient treatment with intravenous diuretics.
The Perfluoroalkylthiolation Reaction of Indoles and Activated Arenes with Perfluoroalkanesulfenic Acids
Authors: Li Jia‐Hui , Xu Jia‐Hong , Jiang Min , Song Li‐Ping , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: November 2022

The perfluoroalkylthiolation reaction of indoles with perfluoroalkanesulfenic acids was achieved under mild conditions, while CH3COOH or TfOH was used as additive to promote the perfluoroalkylthiolation of activated benzene and pyrrole derivatives. A series of perfluoroalkylthiolated benzenes and heteroaromatic compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yields under transition‐metal‐free conditions.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Vinyl Sulfonylation of 3‐Carbonyl‐Substituted Indoles with Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling: An Application in (3+2) Cycloaddition
Authors: Sandeep K. , Kumar A. Sanjeeva , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: November 2022

A Rh(III)‐catalyzed site‐selective vinyl sulfonylation of indoles with ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) by a carbonyl oxygen‐directed method is reported. This chemoselective strategy delivers the corresponding cross‐dehydrogenative coupled products exclusively as E‐isomers in high yields under mild conditions and has shown high efficiency and good functional group tolerance. The synthetic potential of the developed route is demonstrated by utilizing the cross‐coupled adducts in click chemistry to access triazoles through thermal (3+2) cycloaddition with excellent regioselectivity in the absence of a metal catalyst.
Direct Access to 2‐Aminobenzoxazinones via Ph3P‐I2 Mediated Deoxygenative Amination of Isatoic Anhydrides with Tertiary Amines
Authors: Pattarawarapan Mookda , Yamano Dolnapa , Wiriya Nittaya , Hongsibsong Surat , Phakhodee Wong
Published: November 2022

A facile and efficient sonochemical synthesis of 2‐amino‐substituted benzoxazinones was achieved via Ph3P‐I2 mediated deoxygenative amination of isatoic anhydrides. Tertiary amines play a dual role as bases and nucleophiles to react with a range of readily available isatoic anhydrides via regioselective C2‐N bond formation N‐dealkylation. Unlike secondary amines, competing side reaction at C4 carbonyl is completely circumvented. The reaction is also applicable to bicyclic amidines including DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) and DBN (1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene) providing ϵ‐caprolactam‐ and γ‐lactam derivatives, respectively.
HBF4‐Catalyzed 3,6‐Bis‐diarylmethylation of Carbazoles withpara‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Rekha  , Sharma Sonam , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya
Published: November 2022

In this article, we demonstrate an atom economical, practical, mild and selective HBF4‐catalyzed 1,6‐conjugate addition of carbazoles topara‐Quinone Methides (p‐QMs) to access 3,6‐bis‐diarylmethyl‐ and mono‐diarylmethyl carbazoles. This metal and additive free protocol provides convenient access to the substituted carbazole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields with a good functional group tolerance. It was found that a couple of 3,6‐disubstituted carbazoles showed interesting photophysical properties and, therefore, might potentially find some applications as host materials in OLEDs.
Amplifying the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Fluorinated Salt as the Surface Passivator
Authors: Ghaderian Abolfazl , Hemasiri Naveen Harindu , Ahmad Shahzada , Kazim Samrana
Published: November 2022

The 3D‐halide perovskite‐based solar cells have shown outstanding power conversion efficiency, while the layered perovskite is emerging as the advanced version to deliver high stability. Galvanized with the surge of the report of layered perovskites, a common salt tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF) as a passivating agent between perovskite and hole transporting layer that improves the power conversion efficiency and stability, is explored. The use of TBAPF as a surface passivator mitigates the surface defects and increases hydrophobicity. The fluorine atoms in TBAPF provide hydrogen bonding interaction with the hydrogen of organic ammonium cation in perovskite established by proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Effective charge extraction to the hole transport layer is suggested by steady‐state photoluminescence measurements, showing higher quenching with the passivated perovskite compared to the pristine perovskite. The results suggest that TBAPF treatment improves the junction quality and minimizes the defects by virtue of H bonding, which in turn improves the photovoltaic parameters and long‐term stability.
A Novel Optimized Solar Trough Profile for Better Solar Energy Collection, Storage, and Levelized Cost
Authors: Shaaban Sameh
Published: November 2022

The performance of concentrated solar power plants with parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) can be enhanced by introducing troughs with an optimized mirror profile. Therefore, the present work introduces a method for achieving optimum trough profiles (TPs). Advanced numerical investigation is performed using the computational fluid dynamics code Ansys Fluent. Multi‐objective multidimensional optimization is implemented to obtain two optimum profiles; namely OTP1 and OTP2. Results show that these profiles improve the overall efficiency by 8.3% and 7.1% under different operating conditions and incidence angles compared to a PTC with the same aperture area. Moreover, the surface areas of OTP1 and OTP2 are less than that of the PTC by 12.3% and 10.7%, respectively. This reduces the mirror cost, required amount of wash water, and wash time. Analysis of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) without thermal energy storage (TES) shows that the implementation of OTP1 and OTP2 reduces the LCOE compared to that of the PTC by 2.6% and 2.3%, respectively. Moreover, a significant reduction in the LCOE is achieved by applying TES under typical Egyptian operating conditions. Implementing 6 h of TES reduces the LCOE compared to the case without TES by 34.5%, 35.3%, and 35.1% for the PTC, OTP1, and OTP2, respectively.
A new assessment mechanism of primary frequency regulation capability for a supercritical thermal power plant in deep peaking
Authors: Hong Feng , Ji Weiming , Liang Lu , Song Jie , Hao Junhong , Du Ming , Ren Guorui , Du Yanjun , Niu Yuguang , Fang Fang
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of renewable energy, the primary frequency control (PFC) is becoming more critical and significant to ensure the stability of the electrical power system. As the main role of PFC, the thermal power unit tends to in a wide operation interval, and the changes in PFC characteristics along with working conditions are inevitable. By decomposing and quantifying the dynamic energy conversion process, this paper proposes a novel mechanism to evaluate the PFC capability for the supercritical thermal power plants that covered 30%–100% of the rated load. In the mechanism, a refined steam turbine model is established to reflect the short‐term dynamic response of PFC by combining it with the coupling characteristics of the main steam valve and main steam pressure in the later phase. Meanwhile, as a new prior assessment index, the equivalent electricity has been put forward to quantify the PFC capability for the power plant. In a case study of a 600 MW supercritical power plant, the capacities of PFC under 30%–50% of the rated load are quantified for the first time. Comparison results between theoretical calculation and real PFC test show that the proposed PFC capability assessment mechanism has acceptable accuracy of 96.1%, which could be effective to assess the frequency response reserve and stability margin in the grid.
A low‐energy approach to processing large‐scale airflow
Authors: Shao Yimin , Bai Yang , Wu Yongjia , Ming Tingzhen , de Richter Renaud , Fan Xianfeng , Lu Xiaohua , Li Wei
Published: November 2022

A simplified solar updraft device adapted from the Trombe wall concept was built to process large‐scale airflow using only solar energy. The performances were systematically studied using experimental measurements and numerical models, with the focus of investigating whether this device can generate enough airflow under low solar intensities, and developing a fast‐analytical mathematical model to effectively and efficiently find design rules for further application. The experimental results prove that the air mass flow rate generated by solar updraft in a 0.9 m2 solar updraft device can be as high as 75.6 kg/h when the solar radiation is only 120 W/m2. A comparison of two numerical models shows that it is feasible to develop a fast‐analytical tool based on widely available MATLAB with low demand for computing resources and to provide guidance on how a future device should be designed for particular applications. The study also investigated the effects of a wider range of solar radiation intensities, air channel height and thickness on the updraft performances (e.g., air temperature, airflow velocity, and mass flow rate).
What Approaches Should be Used to Prioritize Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products for Research on Environmental and Human Health Exposure and Effects?
Authors: Mo Jiezhang , Guo Jiahua , Iwata Hisato , Diamond Jerry , Qu Chengkai , Xiong Jiuqiang , Han Jie
Published: November 2022

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are released from multiple anthropogenic sources and thus have a ubiquitous presence in the environment. The environmental exposure and potential effects of PPCPs on biota and humans has aroused concern within the scientific community and the public. Risk assessments are commonly conducted to evaluate the likelihood of chemicals including PPCPs that pose health threats to organisms inhabiting various environmental compartments and humans. Because thousands of PPCPs are currently used, it is impractical to assess the environmental risk of all of them due to data limitations; in addition, new PPCPs are continually being produced. Prioritization approaches, based either on exposure, hazard, or risk, provide a possible means by which those PPCPs that are likely to pose the greatest risk to the environment are identified, thereby enabling more effective allocation of resources in environmental monitoring programs in specific geographical locations and ecotoxicological investigations. In the present review, the importance and current knowledge concerning PPCP occurrence and risk are discussed and priorities for future research are proposed, in terms of PPCP exposure (e.g., optimization of exposure modeling in freshwater ecosystems and more monitoring of PPCPs in the marine environment) or hazard (e.g., differential risk of PPCPs to lower vs. higher trophic level species and risks to human health). Recommended research questions for the next 10 years are also provided, which can be answered by future studies on prioritization of PPCPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:488–501. © 2022 SETAC
Impact of Fluoxetine on Herbivorous Zooplankton and Planktivorous Fish
Authors: Grzesiuk Malgorzata , Gryglewicz Eva , Bentkowski Piotr , Pijanowska Joanna
Published: November 2022

The contamination of freshwater environments by pharmaceuticals is a growing problem. Modern healthcare uses nearly 3000 substances, many of which are designed to work at low dosages and act on physiological systems that have been evolutionarily conserved across taxa. Because drugs affect the organisms from different trophic levels, pharmaceutical pollution is likely to disturb species interactions. However, such effects are still only poorly understood. We investigated the impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of the common drug fluoxetine (Prozac), an increasingly common contaminant of European waters, on predation behavior of crucian carp (Carassius carassius), a common planktivorous European fish, and the somatic growth of its prey, the water flea (Daphnia magna), a widespread planktonic crustacean. We exposed these two organisms to environmentally relevant levels of fluoxetine (360 ng L−1): the fish for 4 weeks and the water fleas for two generations. We tested the growth of the daphnids and the hunting behavior (reaction distance at which fish attacked Daphnia and feeding rate) of the fish under drug contamination. We found that Daphnia exposed to fluoxetine grew larger than a nonexposed cohort. The hunting behavior of C. carassius was altered when they were exposed to the drug; the reaction distance was shorter, and the feeding rate was slower. These effects occurred regardless of Daphnia size and the treatment regime they were subjected to. Our results suggest that contamination of freshwater environments with fluoxetine can disrupt the top-down ecological control of herbivores by reducing the hunting efficiency of fish and, as a consequence, may lead to increases in cladoceran population numbers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:385–392. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Quantitative trait loci, candidate genes, and breeding lines to improve salt tolerance at the flowering and seedling stages in rice
Authors: Pruthi Rajat , Chapagain Sandeep , Coronejo Sapphire , Singh Lovepreet , Subudhi Prasant Kumar
Published: November 2022

Salinity is a major environmental constraint that limits growth and productivity of rice all over the world. Although rice plants are vulnerable to salt stress at both seedling and flowering stages, genetic dissection of salt tolerance at the flowering stage is challenging due to non‐uniformity of stress application at the appropriate growth stage. The present study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes associated with the flowering stage salt tolerance and compare with those associated with the seedling stage using a high‐resolution genetic map. A population of advanced generation introgression lines with uniform flowering time was evaluated for salt tolerance at the seedling and flowering stages. A genetic map was constructed using 14,230 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism markers between donor parents (TCCP and FL478) and the recurrent parent (RP) (Jupiter). Seventeen and 28 QTLs were identified for traits associated with salt tolerance at the seedling and flowering stage, respectively. Important candidate genes present in the flowering stage salt responsive QTL regions were OsHAK13, OsCYP21‐4, GIF1, and OsRGG20, whereas the seedling stage QTL intervals harbored genes such OsHAK20, STRK1, and OsMADS25. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of OsHAK13 and OsCYP21‐4 in TCCP, 3 days after exposure to salt stress at the flowering stage. Similarly, expression of OsHAK20, STRK1, and OsMADS25 was highly upregulated in TCCP under salt stress at the seedling stage. Due to differences in genetic control of salt tolerance at both seedling and flowering stages, stacking of genes/QTLs for salt tolerance at both stages will be needed. Since some beneficial QTLs were also contributed by the RP, emphasis should be on targeting the desirable QTLs from donors while retaining the beneficial QTLs of the RP to improve salinity tolerance in rice using marker‐assisted selection.
Future Humanities
Authors: Tava Francesco , Oostveen Daan F.
Published: November 2022

Future Humanitieshighlights the rise and convergence of new and critical humanities by publishing trans‐ and interdisciplinary research focused on diverse subjects and methodologies. These include, but are not limited to, philosophy, cultural and historical studies, religious studies, linguistics and semiotics, literature, and the arts as they intersect with various fields of study such as digital transformation and artificial intelligence, health ethics and biomedical technologies, climate change and biodiversity, and new media and communication. Special attention is given to the public dimension of these intersections and to the role that today's intellectuals play in their creation and development.
PDNNs: The parallel deep neural networks for the Navier–Stokes equations coupled with heat equation
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Jian
Published: November 2022

Deep learning has achieved noteworthy success in various applications. There is a new trend of adopting deep learning methods to study partial differential equations (PDEs). In this article, we use a kind of parallel deep neural networks (PDNNs) to approximate the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the heat equation. The approach embeds the PDE formula into the loss function of the neural networks and the resulting networks is trained to meet the equations along with the boundary conditions. Moreover, the approximate ability of the PDNNs is demonstrated by the theoretical analysis of convergence. Finally, we present numerous numerical examples to verify effectiveness of the PDNNs, in which the viscosity is a constant, a function dependent on the space variable and a function of the temperature .
Designing the FISHstory Project to Support Fisheries Management
Authors: Byrd Julia , Collier William C , Iberle Alyson
Published: November 2022

The U.S. South Atlantic region has many long-standing data needs and limited data collection resources for federally managed marine fish stocks. Much of the harvest is dominated by recreational fisheries, where data are limited, especially during historic time periods. FISHstory, a pilot project developed through the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council's Citizen Science Program, developed a standardized protocol for archiving and analyzing historic photos from the 1940s to 1970s from a for-hire fleet based in Florida. These photos document the beginnings of the South Atlantic for-hire fishery and are potentially an untapped source of data that can help recreate information on catch and length composition prior to when dedicated fishery dependent surveys began. Many careful steps were taken in the design of FISHstory to ensure data collected would be fit for purpose and useful to management. This paper highlights these steps and describes lessons learned through project development.
How Fishery Managers Can Harness the Power of the Crowd: Using Citizen Science and Nontraditional Data Sources in Fisheries Management
Authors: Oremland Laura , Furnish Abigail , Byrd Julia , Cody Richard
Published: November 2022

A constant challenge in fisheries stock assessment and management is having sufficient data to inform research and analyses. Nontraditional data sources like citizen science, when collected and applied appropriately, can help fill such data gaps. Use of nontraditional data sources is on the rise, but its use and application in fisheries science and management remains largely untapped. In order to examine the use of such data sources, we held a symposium at the 2020 American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting entitled “How Citizen Science and Nontraditional Data Sources can be Better Incorporated Into Fisheries Stock Assessments and Management” (https://bit.ly/3V13vHe). The session included 12 talks and a panel discussion to examine best practices. This paper reviews seven nontraditional data programs and projects used to support fisheries management featured in this special issue of Fisheries. It concludes with key lessons from the panel discussion for best applying nontraditional data sources in fisheries.