bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of sodium diffusion on the properties of CIGS solar absorbers prepared using elemental Se in a two-step process
Authors: Li Weimin , Yan Xia , Aberle Armin G. , Venkataraj Selvaraj
Published: February 2019

The influence of Na diffusion from various glass substrates during a high-temperature slenization process on the microstructure and morphology of two-step formed CIGS absorber layers is investigated. In order to minimise the CIGS absorber formation time, elemental Se vapour is used to prepare the CIGS absorber. The grain sizes of the CIGS films are found to increase with increasing sodium in the glass substrates (extra clear glass, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass). TiN and SiN thin films are used as diffusion barrier layers inserted between the glass substrate and the Mo rear conatct to tune the Na diffusion from the soda-lime glass. The interdiffusion between the In-rich CuInSe2 surface layer and the Ga-rich CuGaSe2 layer is promoted by the barrier layer, leading to larger CIGS grains. Efforts are also taken to understand the differences in Na diffusion (from the glass substrates) and their effects on the MoSe2 intermediate layer formation during the high-temperature CIGS absorber formation processes. We find that excess amounts of Na and Se are essential for the MoSe2 growth. The excessive Na in the form of Na2Sex at the CIGS/Mo interface works as a Se source and catalyses the MoSe2 formation. The Se flow in the two-step CIGS formation process must be sufficiently high to obtain high-efficiency CIGS solar cells.
Comprehensive identification of the full-length transcripts and alternative splicing related to the secondary metabolism pathways in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Qiao Dahe , Yang Chun , Chen Juan , Guo Yan , Li Yan , Niu Suzhen , Cao Kemei , Chen Zhengwu
Published: February 2019

Flavonoids, theanine and caffeine are the main secondary metabolites of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), which account for the tea’s unique flavor quality and health benefits. The biosynthesis pathways of these metabolites have been extensively studied at the transcriptional level, but the regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, to explore the transcriptome diversity and complexity of tea plant, PacBio Iso-Seq and RNA-seq analysis were combined to obtain full-length transcripts and to profile the changes in gene expression during the leaf development. A total of 1,388,066 reads of insert (ROI) were generated with an average length of 1,762 bp, and more than 54% (755,716) of the ROIs were full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads. The Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologue (BUSCO) completeness was 92.7%. A total of 93,883 non-redundant transcripts were obtained, and 87,395 (93.1%) were new alternatively spliced isoforms. Meanwhile, 7,650 differential expression transcripts (DETs) were identified. A total of 28,980 alternative splicing (AS) events were predicted, including 1,297 differential AS (DAS) events. The transcript isoforms of the key genes involved in the flavonoid, theanine and caffeine biosynthesis pathways were characterized. Additionally, 5,777 fusion transcripts and 9,052 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were also predicted. Our results revealed that AS potentially plays a crucial role in the regulation of the secondary metabolism of the tea plant. These findings enhanced our understanding of the complexity of the secondary metabolic regulation of tea plants and provided a basis for the subsequent exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid, theanine and caffeine biosynthesis in tea plants.
USP7 Regulates Cytokinesis through FBXO38 and KIF20B
Authors: Georges Anna , Coyaud Etienne , Marcon Edyta , Greenblatt Jack , Raught Brian , Frappier Lori
Published: February 2019

The ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7 or HAUSP) is known to regulate a variety of cellular processes by binding and deubiquitylating specific target proteins. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of its interactions and functions, we used affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry to profile USP7 interactions. This revealed a novel interaction with FBXO38, a poorly characterized F-box protein. We showed that USP7 stabilizes FBXO38 dependent on its catalytic activity by protecting FBXO38 from proteasomal degradation. We used a BioID approach to profile the protein interactions (and putative functions) of FBXO38, revealing an interaction with KIF20B, a Kinesin-6 protein required for efficient cytokinesis. FBXO38 was shown to function independently from an SCF complex to stabilize KIF20B. Consequently, depletion of either FBXO38 or USP7 led to dramatic decreases in KIF20B levels and KIF20B at the midbody, which were manifested in cytokinetic defects. Furthermore, cytokinetic defects associated with USP7 silencing were rescued by restoring FBXO38 or KIF20B. The results indicate a novel mechanism of regulating cytokinesis through USP7 and FBXO38.
Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes after Electroporation in Pig Liver Using Parallel-Plate Electrodes and High-Performance Generator
Authors: López-Alonso B. , Hernáez A. , Sarnago H. , Naval A. , Güemes A. , Junquera C. , Burdío J. M. , Castiella T. , Monleón E. , Gracia-Llanes J. , Burdio F. , Mejía E. , Lucía O.
Published: February 2019

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has gained attention as a new non-thermal therapy for ablation with important benefits in terms of homogeneous treatment and fast recovery. In this study, a new concept of high voltage generator is used, enabling irreversible electroporation treatment in large tissue volume using parallel plates. Unlike currently available generators, the proposed versatile structure enables delivering high-voltage high-current pulses. To obtain homogeneous results, 3-cm parallel-plates electrodes have also been designed and implemented. IRE ablation was performed on six female pigs at 2000 V/cm electric field, and the results were analysed after sacrifice three hours, three days and seven days after ablation. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, were carried out. The developed high-voltage generator has proved to be effective for homogeneous IRE treatment using parallel plates. The destruction of the membrane of the hepatocytes and the alterations of the membranes of the cellular organelles seem incompatible with cell death by apoptosis. Although endothelial cells also die with electroporation, the maintenance of vascular scaffold allows repairing processes to begin from the third day after IRE as long as the blood flow has not been interrupted. This study has opened new direction for IRE using high performance generators and highlighted the importance of taking into account ultrastructural changes after IRE by using electron microscopy analysis.
The Association between Cannabis Product Characteristics and Symptom Relief
Authors: Stith Sarah S. , Vigil Jacob M. , Brockelman Franco , Keeling Keenan , Hall Branden
Published: February 2019

Federal barriers and logistical challenges have hindered measurement of the real time effects from the types of cannabis products used medically by millions of patients in vivo. Between 06/06/2016 and 03/05/2018, 3,341 people completed 19,910 self- administrated cannabis sessions using the mobile device software, ReleafApp to record: type of cannabis product (dried whole natural Cannabis flower, concentrate, edible, tincture, topical), combustion method (joint, pipe, vaporization), Cannabis subspecies (C. indica and C. sativa), and major cannabinoid contents (tetrahydrocannabinol, THC; and cannabidiol, CBD), along with real-time ratings of health symptom severity levels, prior-to and immediately following administration, and reported side effects. A fixed effects panel regression approach was used to model the within-user effects of different product characteristics. Patients showed an average symptom improvement of 3.5 (SD = 2.6) on an 11-point scale across the 27 measured symptom categories. Dried flower was the most commonly used product and generally associated with greater symptom relief than other types of products. Across product characteristics, only higher THC levels were independently associated with greater symptom relief and prevalence of positive and negative side effects. In contrast, CBD potency levels were generally not associated with significant symptom changes or experienced side effects.
Engineering SU(1, 1) ⊗ SU(1, 1) vibrational states
Authors: Huerta Alderete C. , Morales Rodríguez M. P. , Rodríguez-Lara B. M.
Published: February 2019

We propose an ideal scheme for preparing vibrational SU(1, 1) ⊗ SU(1, 1) states in a two-dimensional ion trap using red and blue second sideband resolved driving of two orthogonal vibrational modes. Symmetric and asymmetric driving provide two regimes to realize quantum state engineering of the vibrational modes. In one regime, we show that time evolution synthesizes so-called SU(1, 1) Perelomov coherent states, that is separable squeezed states and their superposition too. The other regime allows engineering of lossless 50/50 SU(2) beam splitter states that are entangled states. These ideal dynamics are reversible, thus, the non-classical and entangled states produced by our schemes might be used as resources for interferometry.
Strong One-Dimensional Characteristics of Hole-Carriers in ReS2 and ReSe2
Authors: Kim B. S. , Kyung W. S. , Denlinger J. D. , Kim C. , Park S. R.
Published: February 2019

Each plane of layered ReS2 and ReSe2 materials has 1D chain structure, from which intriguing properties such as 1D character of the exciton states and linearly polarized photoluminescence originate. However, systematic studies on the 1D character of charge carriers have not been done yet. Here, we report on systematic and comparative studies on the energy-momentum dispersion relationships of layered transition metal dichalcogenides ReS2 and ReSe2 by angle resolved photoemission. We found that the valence band maximum or the minimum energy for holes is located at the high symmetric Z-point for both materials. However, the out-of-plane ($${k}_{z}$$

k

z

) dispersion for ReSe2 (20 meV) is found to be much smaller than that of ReS2 (150 meV). We observe that the effective mass of the hole carriers along the direction perpendicular to the chain is about 4 times larger than that along the chain direction for both ReS2 and ReSe2. Remarkably, the experimentally measured hole effective mass is about twice heavier than that from first principles calculation for ReS2 although the in-plane anisotropy values from the experiment and calculations are comparable. These observation indicate that bulk ReS2 and ReSe2 are unique semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides having strong one-dimensional characters.
Structural basis of small RNA hydrolysis by oligoribonuclease (CpsORN) from Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H
Authors: Lee Chang Woo , Park Sun-Ha , Jeong Chang-Sook , Cha Sun-Shin , Park Hyun , Lee Jun Hyuck
Published: February 2019

Cells regulate their intracellular mRNA levels by using specific ribonucleases. Oligoribonuclease (ORN) is a 3′–5′ exoribonuclease for small RNA molecules, important in RNA degradation and re-utilisation. However, there is no structural information on the ligand-binding form of ORNs. In this study, the crystal structures of oligoribonuclease from Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H (CpsORN) were determined in four different forms: unliganded-structure, thymidine 5′-monophosphate p-nitrophenyl ester (pNP-TMP)-bound, two separated uridine-bound, and two linked uridine (U-U)-bound forms. The crystal structures show that CpsORN is a tight dimer, with two separated active sites and one divalent metal cation ion in each active site. These structures represent several snapshots of the enzymatic reaction process, which allowed us to suggest a possible one-metal-dependent reaction mechanism for CpsORN. Moreover, the biochemical data support our suggested mechanism and identified the key residues responsible for enzymatic catalysis of CpsORN.
A novel perspective on MOL-PCR optimization and MAGPIX analysis of in-house multiplex foodborne pathogens detection assay
Authors: Reslova Nikol , Huvarova Veronika , Hrdy Jakub , Kasny Martin , Kralik Petr
Published: February 2019

Multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-PCR (MOL-PCR) is a rapid method for simultaneous detection of multiple molecular markers within a single reaction. MOL-PCR is increasingly employed in microbial detection assays, where its ability to facilitate identification and further characterization via simple analysis is of great benefit and significantly simplifies routine diagnostics. When adapted to microsphere suspension arrays on a MAGPIX reader, MOL-PCR has the potential to outperform standard nucleic acid-based diagnostic assays. This study represents the guideline towards in-house MOL-PCR assay optimization using the example of foodborne pathogens (bacteria and parasites) with an emphasis on the appropriate choice of crucial parameters. The optimized protocol focused on specific sequence detection utilizes the fluorescent reporter BODIPY-TMRX and self-coupled magnetic microspheres and allows for a smooth and brisk workflow which should serve as a guide for the development of MOL-PCR assays intended for pathogen detection.
Spin torque nano-oscillator driven by combined spin injection from tunneling and spin Hall current
Authors: Tarequzzaman M. , Böhnert T. , Decker M. , Costa J. D. , Borme J. , Lacoste B. , Paz E. , Jenkins A. S. , Serrano-Guisan S. , Back C. H. , Ferreira R. , Freitas P. P.
Published: February 2019

Spin-transfer torque nano-oscillators (STNO) are important candidates for several applications based on ultra-tunable microwave generation and detection. The microwave dynamics in these STNOs are induced by spin currents that are typically generated either by spin polarization in an adjacent ferromagnetic layer or through the spin Hall effect. In this paper, a 3-terminal STNO based on a magnetic tunnel junction is excited by both of these spin injection mechanisms. The combination of these two mechanisms excites the free layer into dynamic regimes beyond what can be achieved by each excitation mechanism individually, resulting in enhanced output powers, a key figures of merit for device performance. The system response can be coherently quantified as a function of the total injected spin current density. The experimental data shows an excellent consistency with this simple model and a critical spin current density of 4.52 ± 0.18 × 109ħ/2 e−1 Am−2.
Non-inertial lift induced migration for label-free sorting of cells in a co-flowing aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Hazra S. , Jayaprakash K. S. , Pandian K. , Raj A. , Mitra S. K. , Sen A. K.
Published: February 2019

We present a novel label-free passive microfluidic technique for isolation of cancer cells (EpCAM+ and CD45−) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (CD45+ and EpCAM−) in aqueous two-phase system (ATPS).
Printed low-cost microfluidic analytical devices based on a transparent substrate
Authors: Fujisaki Shogo , Shibata Hiroyuki , Yamada Kentaro , Suzuki Koji , Citterio Daniel
Published: February 2019

A fully printed microfluidic device allowing gravity-assisted pump-free liquid transportation and absorbance-based signal detection is presented.
Nanoscopic hydrophilic/hydrophilic phase-separation well below the LCST of polyphosphoesters
Authors: Hunold Johannes , Wolf Thomas , Wurm Frederik R. , Hinderberger Dariush
Published: February 2019

The complex phase separation process of thermoresponsive polyphosphoesters (PPEs) with an identical side-group structure but different copolymer compositions is characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
Half-curcumin analogues as PET imaging probes for amyloid beta species
Authors: Yang Jian , Cheng Ran , Fu Hualong , Yang Jing , Kumar Mohanraja , Lu Jie , Xu Yungen , Liang Steven H. , Cui Mengchao , Ran Chongzhao
Published: February 2019

In this report, we demonstrate that half-curcuminoid could be a better scaffold for PET tracer development.
Shape-controlled synthesis of Co3O4 for enhanced electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Sidhureddy Boopathi , Dondapati Jesse S. , Chen Aicheng
Published: February 2019

One-dimensional Co3O4 nanorods, two-dimensional nanosheets and three-dimensional nanocubes were synthesized; the effect of the morphology on their electrocatalytic activities was studied.
The basis for reevaluating the reactivity of pyrite surfaces: spin states and crystal field d-orbital splitting energies of bulk, terrace, edge, and corner Fe(ii) ions
Authors: Arumugam Krishnamoorthy , Renock Devon , Becker Udo
Published: February 2019

Pyrite, one of the most important minerals to catalyze redox reactions in nature and a bulk low-spin Fe mineral, needs to provide high-spin Fe on surfaces to moderate spin-forbidden transitions.
Experimental and theoretical 2p core-level spectra of size-selected gas-phase aluminum and silicon cluster cations: chemical shifts, geometric structure, and coordination-dependent screening
Authors: Walter Michael , Vogel Marlene , Zamudio-Bayer Vicente , Lindblad Rebecka , Reichenbach Thomas , Hirsch Konstantin , Langenberg Andreas , Rittmann Jochen , Kulesza Alexander , Mitrić Roland , Moseler Michael , Möller Thomas , von Issendorff Bernd , Lau J. Tobias
Published: February 2019

2p binding energies of size-selected clusters reveal bonding motifs and help to assign new ground state geometries.
Insights into the influence of the molecular structures of fluorinated ionic liquids on their thermophysical properties. A soft-SAFT based approach
Authors: Ferreira Margarida L. , Araújo João M. M. , Pereiro Ana B. , Vega Lourdes F.
Published: February 2019

Development of predictive models for FILs.
Fluorescence enhancement induced by quadratic electric-field effects on singlet exciton dynamics in poly(3-hexylthiophene) dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Iimori Toshifumi , Awasthi Kamlesh , Chiou Chin-Shiun , Diau Eric Wei-Guang , Ohta Nobuhiro
Published: February 2019

Enhancement of the photoluminescence of P3HT dispersed in a PMMA film induced by application of electric field as a quadratic field effect.
The adsorption effect of freestanding SiOx-decorated stabilized polyacrylonitrile interlayers in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Cengiz Elif Ceylan , Ansari Hamedani Ali , Hayat Soytas Serap , Demir-Cakan Rezan
Published: February 2019

In this work, freestanding SiOx-decorated stabilized polyacrylonitrile interlayers were used with the aim of catching polysulfides and keeping them at the cathode side.
Diamines as interparticle linkers for silica–titania supported PdCu bimetallic nanoparticles in Chan–Lam and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Jamwal Babita , Kaur Manpreet , Sharma Harsha , Khajuria Chhavi , Paul Satya , Clark J. H.
Published: February 2019

The remarkable synergetic effect between Pd and Cu, and basic nitrogen sites on the support effectively stabilize the nanoparticles and enhance the catalytic activity.
Observation of the generation of peroxynitrite in mouse liver after acetaminophen overdose with a boronate-based ratiometric fluorescence probe
Authors: Ma Ying , Tian Haigang , Jin Zhengyu , Li Xiaoyong , Li Yiping
Published: February 2019

A ratiometric fluorescent probe, BTPB, for the selective monitoring of hepatic peroxynitrite in situ after acetaminophen overdose has been developed.
A mesoscale study of creep in a microgel using the acoustic radiation force
Authors: Lidon Pierre , Villa Louis , Manneville Sébastien
Published: February 2019

We study the creep and recovery motions of a small sphere embedded in a soft microgel under the effect of the acoustic radiation pressure.
Migration of ferrofluid droplets in shear flow under a uniform magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hassan Md. Rifat , Rallabandi Bhargav , Wang Cheng
Published: February 2019

We demonstrated a simple and novel approach to manipulate droplet migration in microfluidics by using a uniform magnetic field.
Low-volume-change, dendrite-free lithium metal anodes enabled by lithophilic 3D matrix with LiF-enriched surface
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Zhang Chaofan , Li Bing , Xiong Shizhao , Song Jiangxuan
Published: February 2019

We report a novel concept for a stable Li metal anode via the synergistic effect of a three-dimensional skeleton and stable artificial SEI.
Solvent-free synthesis of a 2D biochar stabilized nanoscale zerovalent iron composite for the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Dai Xiao-Hu , Fan Hao-Xiang , Yi Chun-Yan , Dong Bin , Yuan Shi-Jie
Published: February 2019

A facile solvent-free approach to prepare 2D nZVI/biochar with a shearing/carbonization method using lignocellulosic waste and FeCl3·6H2O as precursors.
Large area perovskite light-emitting diodes by gas-assisted crystallization
Authors: Prakasam Vittal , Tordera Daniel , Di Giacomo Francesco , Abbel Robert , Langen Arjan , Gelinck Gerwin , Bolink Henk J.
Published: February 2019

An anti-solvent free facile solution processing technique for fabricating perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs), and scaling it up to large areas by slot-die coating.
Cross-linking structure-induced strong blue emissive gold nanoclusters for intracellular sensing
Authors: Yang Lina , Lou Xuefen , Yu Fanfan , Liu Honglin
Published: February 2019

Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are new emerging fluorescent nanomaterials with broad application prospects but limited by the complicated preparation, low quantum yield (QY) and poor biological applications.
A magnetic covalent organic framework as an adsorbent and a new matrix for enrichment and rapid determination of PAHs and their derivatives in PM2.5 by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yanhao , Song Yuanyuan , Wu Jie , Li Ruijin , Hu Di , Lin Zian , Cai Zongwei
Published: February 2019

Fe3O4@COFs served as an adsorbent and new matrix for SALDI-TOF-MS analysis of PAHs and their derivatives in PM2.5 with clear background, good reproducibility and sensitivity.
Multiple-functionalizations of terminal alkynes with sodium sulfinates andtert-butyl nitrite: facile synthesis of 2H-azirines
Authors: He Xingyi , Yue Xin , Zhang Lei , Wu Shuang , Hu Ming , Li Jin-Heng
Published: February 2019

A new, catalyst-free tandem annulation route to 2,2-disulfonyl-2H-azirinesviamultiple-functionalizations of terminal alkynes with sodium sulfinates andtert-butyl nitrite is described.
A pair of homochiral trinuclear Zn(ii) clusters exhibiting unusual ferroelectric behaviour at high temperature
Authors: Liu Meiying , Yu Haiyang , Liu Zhiliang
Published: February 2019

A pair of homochiral trinuclear Zn(ii) clusters exhibit unusual ferroelectric behaviour at high temperature.
Ionic conductivity of deep eutectic solvents: the role of orientational dynamics and glassy freezing
Authors: Reuter Daniel , Binder Catharina , Lunkenheimer Peter , Loidl Alois
Published: February 2019

Dielectric spectroscopy reveals that the ionic conductivity of deep eutectic solvents is closely coupled to their reorientational dipolar relaxation dynamics.
MnO2–Graphene-oxide-scroll–TiO2 composite catalyst for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO with good steam and SO2 resistance obtained by low-temperature carbon-coating and selective atomic layer deposition
Authors: Sun Liwei , Li Kai , Zhang Zeshu , Hu Xuefeng , Tian Heyuan , Zhang Yibo , Yang Xiangguang
Published: February 2019

Coating GO at low temperature and selectively depositing TiO2 on oxygen-containing functional groups on GO.
Acidity and Cd2+ fluorescent sensing and selective CO2 adsorption by a water-stable Eu-MOF
Authors: Liao Wei-Ming , Wei Mei-Juan , Mo Jun-Ting , Fu Peng-Yan , Fan Ya-Nan , Pan Mei , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: February 2019

A new luminescent Eu-MOF from an amino-group modified tetracarboxylic acid ligand was designed, which could perform as an efficient pH acidity and Cd2+ PL sensor and CO2 selector.
Subunit–subunit interactions play a key role in the heme-degradation reaction of HutZ fromVibrio cholerae
Authors: Uchida Takeshi , Ota Kazuki , Sekine Yukari , Dojun Nobuhiko , Ishimori Koichiro
Published: February 2019

Heme degradation reaction of HutZ fromVibrio choleraeis regulated by the subunit–subunit interactions.
Enhanced performance of ZnO nanoparticle decorated all-inorganic CsPbBr3 quantum dot photodetectors
Authors: Shen Kai , Li Xiao , Xu Hao , Wang Mingqing , Dai Xiao , Guo Jian , Zhang Ting , Li Shibin , Zou Guifu , Choy Kwang-Leong , Parkin Ivan P. , Guo Zhengxiao , Liu Huiyun , Wu Jiang
Published: February 2019

ZnO nanoparticle decorated all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots exhibit improved photoresponse and long-term stability.
Precise growth of polymer brushes on silica-based nanocomposites via visible-light-regulated controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Li Xue , Ye Sunjie , Huang Ya , Li Jia Le , Cai Tao
Published: February 2019

Precise control over molecular variables of grafted polymer brushes is of crucial importance for obtaining polymer nanocomposites with desirable architectures and physicochemical properties, yet it remains a significant synthetic challenge.
Strengthened, recyclable shape memory rubber films with a rigid filler nano-capillary network
Authors: Wu Wenchao , Xu Chuanhui , Zheng Zhongjie , Lin Baofeng , Fu Lihua
Published: February 2019

Water-soluble CMCS nano-capillary network endowed XSBR films with improved mechanical properties, recyclability and shape memory effects.
Syngas production from electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with high energetic efficiency and current density
Authors: Chen Ping , Jiao Yan , Zhu Yi-Han , Chen Shuang-Ming , Song Li , Jaroniec Mietek , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: February 2019

The direct conversion of CO2 to syngas with controllable composition remains an intense interest for the production of renewable fuels.
Correction: Epitaxial growth of WO3 nanoneedles achieved using a facile flame surface treatment process engineering of hole transport and water oxidation reactivity
Authors: Shi Xinjian , Cai Lili , Choi Il Yong , Ma Ming , Zhang Kan , Zhao Jiheng , Kim Jung Kyu , Kim Jong Kyu , Zheng Xiaolin , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Epitaxial growth of WO3 nanoneedles achieved using a facile flame surface treatment process engineering of hole transport and water oxidation reactivity’ by Xinjian Shi et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 19542–19546.
Bio-inspired liquid crystal actuator materials
Authors: Shang Yuanyuan , Wang Jingxia , Ikeda Tomiki , Jiang Lei
Published: February 2019

This paper reviews liquid crystal elastomer actuator materials. Especially, LCE behavior stimulated by light, by heat, photothermally and by a solvent/humidity has also been discussed.
Traumatische Verletzungen des zentralen Nervensystems
Authors: Walter Johannes , Zweckberger Klaus
Published: February 2019

Traumatische Verletzungen des zentralen Nervensystems stellen die Folge einer äußeren Gewalteinwirkung auf Gehirn oder Rückenmark dar. Sowohl das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma als auch das spinale Trauma sind dynamische Krankheitsbilder, die besondere Anforderungen an Diagnostik und Therapie stellen und somit in spezialisierten Zentren versorgt werden sollten.
Vorgehen bei Schilddrüsenkarzinomen in einer medianen
Halszyste
Authors: Heidemann Jan , Pudszuhn Annett , Hofmann Veit Maria
Published: February 2019

Schilddrüsenkarzinome aus Residuen des Ductus thyreoglossus sind eine Seltenheit
und werden meist als Zufallsbefund postoperativ festgestellt. Es gibt keine
klaren Richtlinien für das korrekte therapeutische Vorgehen nach erfolgter
Resektion, insbesondere bezüglich der Notwendigkeit einer totalen Thyroidektomie
und Radioiodtherapie. Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Literatur wird eine
Fallserie von fünf Patienten mit Schilddrüsenkarzinomen in einer medianen
Halszyste präsentiert. Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Analyse aller Patienten
mit einem Schilddrüsenkarzinom in einer medianen Halszyste im Zeitraum zwischen
2002 und 2017.

Von 578 Patienten, die aufgrund einer medianen Halszyste operiert wurden, konnte
bei fünf dieser Patienten (3 Frauen, 2 Männer), im Alter von 16–73 Jahren
(Altersmittelwert 51; Median 56 Jahre) ein Schilddrüsenkarzinom gesichert
werden. Klinisch stellten sich alle Patienten mit einer schmerzlosen Schwellung
im Bereich des Zungenbeins vor. Die Diagnose wurde in allen Fällen postoperativ
gestellt, in einem Fall wurde in der präoperativen Bildgebung bereits ein
Malignom vermutet. Histologisch zeigte sich in allen Fällen ein papilläres
Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Vier Patienten erhielten im Intervall eine totale
Thyroidektomie und Radioiodtherapie, zwei davon zusätzlich eine Neck dissection
des medialen und lateralen Kompartiments, der fünfte Patient hat sich einer
weiteren Diagnostik und Therapie entzogen. Es wurden in allen vier Fällen keine
Karzinome der Schilddrüse oder Lymphknotenmetastasen nachgewiesen.

Aufgrund der Seltenheit von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen in medianen Halszysten
existiert derzeit kein standardisiertes therapeutisches Vorgehen. Es sollte eine
Risikostratifizierung vorgenommen werden, um Patienten, die von einer
zusätzlichen Thyroidektomie profitieren könnten, zu identifizieren. Die Prognose
ist sehr gut.
Wavelength-dependent variations of the electron characteristics in laser-induced plasmas: A combined hydrodynamic and adiabatic expansion modelling and time-gated, optical emission imaging study
Authors: Liu Hao , Ashfold Michael N. R. , Meehan David N. , Wagenaars Erik
Published: February 2019

The spatial and temporal evolution of the absolute electron densities and temperatures in plasmas formed by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of silicon in vacuum at two wavelengths (1064 and 532 nm), at similar irradiances, have been explored by complementary simulation (using combined hydrodynamic and adiabatic models) and experiment. Modelling the laser-target and laser-plume interactions with the POLLUX code reveals the evolving composition and dynamics of the laser induced plasma (LIP) during the incident laser pulse: 532 nm irradiation causes more ablation, but the LIP formed by 1064 nm excitation has a higher average charge state and expands faster. The experimental data, from the analysis of Stark broadened line shapes of SiIII and SiIV cations in time-gated, position- and wavelength-resolved images of the plume emission, allow characterisation of the plume dynamics at later times. These dynamics are compared with predictions from two forms of adiabatic expansion model. Both take as input parameters the plume properties returned by the POLLUX simulations for the end of the laser pulse, but differ according to whether the initial plasma is assumed isothermal or isentropic. The study illustrates the important λ-dependences of the target absorption coefficient (in establishing the ablated material density) and of electron–ion inverse bremsstrahlung absorption (in coupling laser radiation into the emergent plasma); the extents to which these interactions, the relative ablation yields, and the plume expansion dynamics depend on λ; and the importance of identifying appropriate initial conditions for adiabatic expansion modelling of LIP in vacuum.
On approximating a weak Markovian process as Markovian: Are we justified when discarding longtime correlations
Authors: Leong Kai-Yang , Wang Feng
Published: February 2019

The effect for removing weak longtime correlation is studied using a model system that contains a driven atom at liquid density under strong thermal fluctuations. The force that drives the tagged particle is about 1% of the average random force experienced by the particle. The tagged particle is allowed to assume a range of masses from 1/8 to 80 times that of a surrounding particle to study the effects of inertia. The driving force is indefinitely correlated but much weaker than “random” fluctuations from the environment. From this study, it is shown that the environmental influence is not fully random leading to the force autocorrelation function being a poor metric for detecting the correlated driving force. Although the velocity autocorrelation function shows stronger correlation for systems with higher inertia, the velocity autocorrelation function decays to a very small value of 2.5×10−3 even for the most massive driven particle. For systems with small inertia, our study reveals that discarding longtime correlation has negligible influence on the first passage time (FPT) estimate, whereas for particles with large inertia, the deviation can indeed be appreciable. It is interesting that the Markov State Model (MSM) still produces reasonable estimates on the FPT even when a very short lag time that clearly violates the Markovianity assumption is used. This is likely a result of favorable error cancellations when the MSM transition probability matrices were constructed using trajectories that are much longer than the lag time.
A power series identity and Bessel-type integrals over unitary groups
Authors: He Jimmy
Published: February 2019

In 2008, Lehner, Wettig, Guhr, and Wei conjectured a power series identity and showed that it implied a determinantal formula for a Bessel-type integral over the unitary supergroup. The integral is the supersymmetric extension of Bessel-type integrals over the unitary group appearing as partition functions in quantum chromodynamics. The identity is proved by interpreting both sides as the same unitary integral, which can be computed using the Cartan decomposition. An equivalent identity of Schur functions is also given and interpreted probabilistically in terms of random partitions.
Stochastic fractional differential equations driven by Lévy noise under Carathéodory conditions
Authors: Abouagwa Mahmoud , Li Ji
Published: February 2019

In this manuscript, we initiate a study on a class of stochastic fractional differential equations driven by Lévy noise. The existence and uniqueness theorem of solutions to equations of this class is established under global and local Carathéodory conditions. Our analysis makes use of the Carathéodory approximation as well as a stopping time technique. The results obtained here generalize the main results from Pedjeu and Ladde [Chaos, Solitons Fractals 45, 279–293 (2012)], Xu et al. [Appl. Math. Comput. 263, 398–409 (2015)], and Abouagwa et al. [Appl. Math. Comput. 329, 143–153 (2018)]. Finally, an application to the stochastic fractional Burgers differential equations is designed to validate the theory obtained.
A compact and robust cooling laser system for an optical strontium lattice clock
Authors: Schwarz Roman , Dörscher Sören , Al-Masoudi Ali , Vogt Stefan , Li Ye , Lisdat Christian
Published: February 2019

We present a simple and robust laser system for two-color, narrow-line cooling on the 87Sr (5s2)1S0 → (5s5p)3P1 transition. Two hyperfine lines of this transition are addressed simultaneously with light from a single laser source, using sidebands created by an electro-optical phase modulator. A tapered amplifier system provides laser powers up to 90 mW. We show that amplification does not affect the phase modulation of the laser. This compact and robust laser system offers excellent reliability. Therefore, it is especially well suited for transportable and spaceborne optical clocks. The design offers the potential to be miniaturized into a fully integrated package.
Tunable electronic properties in stanene and two dimensional silicon-carbide heterobilayer: A first principles investigation
Authors: Ferdous Naim , Islam Md. Sherajul , Park Jeongwon , Hashimoto Akihiro
Published: February 2019

A novel two-dimensional heterobilayer, stanene-silicon carbide (Sn/SiC) is predicted using first principles calculations. Three representational stacking configurations are considered to study the structure and electronic properties of Sn/SiC heterobilayer in detail. All the stacking patterns of the heterobilayer manifest a wide band gap of ∼160meV at the K point with the Dirac cone well preserved, exhibiting the largest energy band gap among all stanene-based two dimensional heterostructures. Moreover, the energy gap can be efficiently varied through changing the interlayer distance between stanene and SiC layer as well as applying biaxial strain. Our computed small effective mass (∼0.0145mo) and the characteristic of nearly linear band dispersion relation of the heterobilayer also suggest high mobility of the carriers. The space charge distribution of the valence and conduction bands and the density of states (DOS) of the heterostructure unravel that SiC monolayer retains the various excellent electrical properties of stanene in a great extent and allows the carriers to move through the stanene layer only. This implies the potentiality of 2D SiC as a good substrate for stanene to adopt the heterobilayer. Our results reveal that Sn/SiC heterobilayer would be a promising platform for future Sn-based high speed nanoelectronic and spintronic devices.
Hydrogen interaction with selectively desulfurized MoS2 surface using Ne+ sputtering
Authors: Han Sang Wook , Cha Gi-Beom , Kang Manil , Lee Jong Duk , Hong Soon Cheol
Published: February 2019

By Ne ion sputtering on the single-crystalline MoS2 surface, we demonstrate that the S layers sandwiching Mo in the top layer are sequentially removed by top-down desulfurization, but the intermediate Mo layer is maintained. Selective desulfurization can be used to control the bandgap of MoS2 by switching the polarity from n-type to p-type conductivity and further inducing metallization. Furthermore, the polarity of the MoS2 surface can also be switched by controlling the hydrogen bonding at/around various sulfur vacancy defects. More importantly, we reveal that such desulfurization weakens the hydrogen interaction on the cleaved MoS2 surface by removing the mono-sulfur vacancies (VS). This finding elucidates the important role of the VS defect for high catalytic activity.
Can the original equations of a dynamical system be retrieved from observational time series?
Authors: Mangiarotti Sylvain , Huc Mireille
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility to retrieve the original sets of dynamical equations directly from observational time series when all the system variables are observed. Time series are generated from chosen dynamical systems, and the global modeling technique is applied to obtain optimal models of parsimonious structure from these time series. The obtained models are then compared to the original equations to investigate if the original equations can be retrieved. Twenty-seven systems are considered in the study. The Rössler system is first used to illustrate the procedure and then to test the robustness of the approach under various conditions, varying the initial conditions, time series length, dynamical regimes, subsampling (and resampling), measurement noise, and dynamical perturbations. The other 26 systems (four rational ones included) of various algebraic structures, sizes, and dimensions are then considered to investigate the generality of the approach.
A master equation simulation for the •OH + CH3OH reaction
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Lam , Ruscic Branko , Stanton John F.
Published: February 2019

A combined (fixed-J) two-dimensional master-equation/semi-classical transition state theory/variational Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus approach has been used to compute reaction rate coefficients of •OH with CH3OH over a wide range of temperatures (10–2500 K) and pressures (10−1–104 Torr) based on a potential energy surface that has been constructed using a modification of the high accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry (HEAT) protocol. The calculated results show that the title reaction is nearly pressure-independent when T > 250 K but depends strongly on pressure at lower temperatures. In addition, the preferred mechanism and rate constants are found to be very sensitive to temperature. The reaction pathway CH3OH + •OH → CH3O• + H2O proceeds exclusively through tunneling at exceedingly low temperatures (T ≤ 50 K), typical of those established in interstellar environments. In this regime, the rate constant is found to increase with decreasing temperature, which agrees with low-temperature experimental results. The thermodynamically favored reaction pathway CH3OH + •OH → •CH2OH + H2O becomes dominant at higher temperatures (T ≥ 200 K), such as those found in Earth’s atmosphere as well as combustion environments. By adjusting the ab initio barrier heights slightly, experimental rate constants from 200 to 1250 K can be satisfactorily reproduced.
Low-frequency anechoic metasurface based on coiled channel of gradient cross-section
Authors: Shen Yuchen , Yang Yanye , Guo Xiasheng , Shen Yong , Zhang Dong
Published: February 2019

This letter proposed advantageous in-uniform gradient cross-section (GCS) channels which weaken the dependence of the coiled-up anechoic metasurface on the total channel length. The privilege of GCS channels was revealed by studying Fabry-Pérot absorbers with designed channel widths. A theoretical framework was set up to explain the inherent sound absorbing mechanism, from which the overall performance as well as dominant working frequencies of linear and exponential GCS channels can be predicted. With proper GCS channel design, the proposed structures were experimentally and theoretically proven to achieve lower absorption frequencies in comparison with conventional uniform cross-section absorbers with the same exterior geometry. Through a parametric study on the near-perfect absorption frequency range of GCS absorbers, the strong tunability brought by GCS was confirmed, suggesting the possibility of on-demand frequency-oriented absorber design. Serving as an approach for acoustic impedance transferring, promising features of GCS can be extensively applied in existing coiled-up anechoic metasurfaces.
Epitaxial ultrathin Au films on transparent mica with oxide wetting layer applied to organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Xie Jing , Bi Yangang , Ye Mao , Rao Zhenggang , Shu Longlong , Lin Peng , Zeng Xierong , Ke Shanming
Published: February 2019

Ultrathin and transparent metal films are considered as desirable materials to substitute indium-tin oxide based transparent electrodes. In this work, we report that an Al-doped ZnO layer effectively induced the formation of epitaxial ultrathin and ultrasmooth Au films on mica. The ultrathin Au film shows optimum electrical conductivity, optical properties, and high tolerance to mechanical bending, including a low sheet resistance of 8 Ω/sq and a high average transmittance of 80.1%, and maintains low electric resistivity even after 1000 continuous bending cycles. Moreover, the Au/AZO anode-based organic light-emitting diode was fabricated with the maximum luminance intensity of 32 540 cd/cm2, which demonstrates that it is promising for application in next generation optoelectronic devices.
Does a pair of methane molecules aggregate in water?
Authors: Akin-Ojo Omololu , Szalewicz Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of methane–water mixtures were performed using ab initio force fields for the CH4–H2O, H2O–H2O, and CH4–CH4 interactions. Both methane and water molecules were polarizable. From these calculations, the potential of mean force (PMF) between two methane molecules was extracted. Our results are compared with PMFs from a density-functional-theory (DFT) based Born-Oppenheimer type MD (BOMD) simulation, from a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation with ab initio-based force fields, and from MD simulations with empirical force fields. Our PMF is qualitatively similar to that obtained from the simulations with empirical force fields but differs significantly from those resulting from the DFT-BOMD and MC simulations. The depth of the PMF global minimum obtained in the present work is in a much better agreement with the experimental estimate than the result of the DFT-BOMD simulation, possibly due to the inability of DFT to describe the dispersion interactions and the lack of extensive sampling in the BOMD simulations. Our work indicates that, for a pair of methane molecules, there are configurations where the solvent increases the attraction between the solutes, but there are also conformations in which the solvent causes a weak net repulsion. On average, the methane molecules are more likely to be in the configuration where they are separated by a water molecule than in the one in which they are in contact even though the minimum of the PMF at the latter configuration is deeper than that at the former. Finally, we found that the water structure around methane solutes does not show a greater tetrahedral ordering than in neat bulk water.
Ion cyclotron emission driven by axis-encircling energetic ions
Authors: Marchenko V. S. , Reznik S. N.
Published: February 2019

Due to the large gyro-radius, most of the confined fusion products in modern medium-size tokamaks and beam ions in small tokamaks encircle the magnetic axis during the significant part of the drift orbit. As a result, a specific population of particles arises, which is characterized by strong density peaking due to equilibrium distribution in velocity space, as well as strong poloidal flow (current) around the axis. This population drives compressional Alfvén eigenmodes with large radial wave numbers, frequencies matching harmonics of the on-axis fast ion gyro-frequency ωcα (mismatch of the eigenvalue with this frequency determines the instability threshold), and growth rates above the threshold γα∼ωcαfα1/2, with fα being the fast ion fraction. The possible relation of this result with recent observations in medium and small tokamaks is discussed.
Glial ensheathment of the somatodendritic compartment regulates sensory neuron structure and activity
Authors: Yadav Smita , Younger Susan H. , Zhang Linghua , Thompson-Peer Katherine L. , Li Tun , Jan Lily Y. , Jan Yuh Nung
Published: February 2019

Significance

Glia and neurons, the two principal cell types of the nervous system, interact intimately and are critical for normal development and function of the nervous system. While much is known about glia interaction with axons, the architecture and importance of glia interaction with the somatodendritic neuronal compartment is practically unknown. Using
Drosophila
as a model system, we have identified important and previously unknown roles for glia interaction with the somatodendritic compartment in dendrite structure, activity, and regeneration. Furthermore, recent clinical studies have shown patients with ATRX mutations exhibit white matter and glial abnormalities in their central nervous system, underscoring the significance of our study that uncovers an essential role for glial-expressed ATRX in mediating proper glial development and function.
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates a high-fat diet-mediated renal injury by activating PAX2 and AMPK
Authors: Luo Ying , Wu Ming-Yu , Deng Bing-Qing , Huang Jian , Hwang Sung Hee , Li Meng-Yuan , Zhou Chun-Yu , Zhang Qian-Yun , Yu Hai-Bo , Zhao Da-Ke , Zhang Guodong , Qin Ling , Peng Ai , Hammock Bruce D. , Liu Jun-Yan
Published: February 2019

Significance

This study reveals that the inactivation of Pax2, a mediator for chaperone-mediated autophagy, contributes to the high-fat diet (HFD)-caused murine renal injury. Also, the inactivation of Ampk, a mediator of macroautophagy, and the activation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme mediating the metabolism of epoxy fatty acids to form vicinal diols, are involved in HFD-caused murine renal injury. Furthermore, inhibition of sEH significantly attenuates the HFD-induced renal injury, partially by activating Pax2 and Ampk. Increased epoxy fatty acids caused by sEH inhibition activate Pax2 and Ampk. In addition, Pax2 may up-regulate Ampk transcriptionally in murine renal mesangial cells. This study provides insights into the pathophysiology and pharmacology of HFD/obesity-mediated renal injury.