bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial effects of lysophosphatidylcholine on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Miyazaki Haruko , Midorikawa Naoko , Fujimoto Saki , Miyoshi Natsumi , Yoshida Hideto , Matsumoto Tetsuya
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important health care-associated and community-associated pathogen and causes a large number of infections worldwide. For the purpose of application to topical treatment of MRSA infection, we examined the antimicrobial effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on MRSA strains. We also investigated the combination effect of LPC and gentamicin on MRSA growth.

Methods:

The LPC minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Gram-positive ( S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were measured by the broth microdilution method. The mechanism of LPC-mediated MRSA killing was investigated by membrane permeability analysis with DiSC3(5) fluorescence and growth curve analysis. Lastly, the effects of LPC on gentamicin-induced bactericidal activity were determined in combination treatment studies with 15 gentamicin-resistant MRSA isolates from the skin, nose, or ears.

Results:

The LPC MIC for Gram-positive bacteria varied between 32 µg/ml and >2048 µg/ml, whereas that for all Gram-negative bacteria was >2048 µg/ml. Consistently, membrane permeability analysis showed that LPC was substantially more effective in inducing membrane permeability in Gram-positive bacteria than in Gram-negative counterparts. Growth curve analysis in cotreatment studies demonstrated that LPC has intrinsic bactericidal effects and can also potentiate gentamicin sensitivity in resistant MRSA strains.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that LPC exhibits intrinsic antimicrobial effects and can enhance the antimicrobial effects of gentamicin for resistant MRSA strains, suggesting that LPC may be a beneficial additive in topical antibiotics for superficial skin infections.
Modeling risk for developing drug resistant bacterial infections in an MDR-naive critically ill population
Authors: Sonti Rajiv , Conroy Megan E. , Welt Elena M. , Hu Yi , Luta George , Jamieson Daniel B.
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

To create a model predictive of an individual’s risk of developing a de novo multidrug-resistant (MDR) infection while in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:

This is a case-control study in which 189 ICU patients diagnosed with their first infection with an MDR organism were compared on the basis of demographic, past medical and clinical variables to randomly selected ICU patients without such an infection, era-matched in a 2:1 ratio. A prediction tool was derived using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Five features remained predictive of developing an infection with a drug-resistant pathogen: hospitalization within a year [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.14], chronic hemodialysis (3.86), underlying oxygen-dependent pulmonary disease (1.86), endotracheal intubation within 24 h (2.46) and reason for ICU admission (respiratory failure 2.89, non-respiratory failure, non-shock presentation 1.85). Using a scoring system (0–7 points) based on the adjusted OR, risk categories were derived (low: 0–2 points, intermediate: 3–4 points and high risk: 5–7 points). The negative predictive value at a score cutoff of 2 is excellent (88.9%).

Conclusions:

A clinical prediction rule comprised of five easily measured ICU variables reasonably discriminates between patients who will develop their first MDR infection versus those who will not.
Book Review: Jayadev M. and D. K. Sunder, eds, Changing Contours of Microfinance in India
Authors: Sinha Rajesh Kumar
Published: July 2017

Jayadev M. and D. K. Sunder, eds, Changing Contours of Microfinance in India, 2016, New Delhi: Routledge India, 244 pp. ISBN-13: 978-1-138-21956-4.
Sequentially annealed highly cross-linked polyethylene reduced in vivo wear particle generation in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Minoda Yukihide , Hata Kanako , Goto Katsuko , Itohara Tomonobu , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Sequentially annealed highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) was recently introduced to reduce the wear in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, an in vivo advantage of sequentially annealed HXLPE on wear particle generation is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of in vivo wear particles between sequentially annealed HXLPE and conventional polyethylene after TKA.

Materials and Methods:

Synovial fluid was obtained from the eight knees with sequentially annealed HXLPE and from eight knees with conventional polyethylene 12 months after the operation. Polyethylene particles were isolated and examined using a scanning electron microscope and image analyzer.

Results:

Total number of wear particles in each knee was 2.1 ± 1.0 × 107 with sequentially annealed HXLPE (mean ± standard deviation) and 4.9 ± 3.6 × 107 with conventional polyethylene ( p = 0.036). Particle size (equivalent circle diameter) was 1.01 ± 0.26 μm with sequentially annealed HXLPE and 1.02 ± 0.20 μm with conventional polyethylene ( p = 0.674). Aspect ratio was 1.33 ± 0.04 with sequentially annealed HXLPE and 1.39 ± 0.10 with conventional polyethylene ( p = 0.462).

Conclusions:

The sequentially annealed HXLPE reduced the in vivo polyethylene wear particles by 58% compared with conventional polyethylene without the significant change of particle size and shape.
The Yin and Yang Between Plasma Glucose Levels and Cortisol Replacement Therapy in Schmidt’s Syndrome
Authors: Newton Christopher A. , Sheehan Eleni , Wyne Kathleen , Cusi Kenneth , Leey Julio , Ghayee Hans K.
Published: July 2017

Objective: To illustrate how steroid replacement in adrenal insufficiency can influence the development of hypoglycemia in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Methods: We describe the case of a 36-year-old female patient with T1D and Addison’s disease (Schmidt’s syndrome) on multiple daily insulin injections who presented with recurrent hypoglycemia despite being on physiological replacement doses of hydrocortisone. Results: With the assistance of continuous glucose monitoring technology, a pattern of nocturnal hypoglycemia was clearly identified. The patient was taking her hydrocortisone 15 mg in the morning and 5 mg in the early afternoon. With the short half-life of oral hydrocortisone, the evening decline in plasma cortisol concentration led to an increased susceptibility to recurrent evening and nocturnal hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic episodes were resolved when her morning hydrocortisone dose was changed and prednisolone was added to a later time in the evening. Conclusion: Patients with Schmidt’s syndrome can be susceptible to nocturnal hypoglycemia with inadequate steroid replacement. Identifying patients at risk for hypoglycemia in Schmidt’s syndrome provides an opportunity for precision management beyond the manipulation of antihyperglycemic agents.
Social Cognitive Constructs Are Just as Stable as the Big Five Between Grades 5 and 8
Authors: Rieger Sven , Göllner Richard , Spengler Marion , Trautwein Ulrich , Nagengast Benjamin , Roberts Brent W.
Published: July 2017

Personality traits and social cognitive variables are central constructs in psychological research. It is often assumed that personality traits are less changeable than social cognitive variables, and thus interventions usually tend to focus on the latter. However, these assumptions about the mutability of personality and social cognitive variables have never been tested side-by-side in a longitudinal study. Using a large longitudinal study with four time points and N = 3,876 students in 136 classes (99 schools), we compared the mutability of the Big Five personality traits and social cognitive constructs more often described as socioemotional skills or motivational variables (individual interest, self-concept, and academic effort in the school subjects math, English, and German). The results indicated that there are no marked differences between personality traits and social cognitive constructs across multiple indicators of stability or changeability.
Computer Simulation of Film Blowing
Authors: Sidiropoulos V. , Tian J. J. , Vlachopoulos J.
Published: July 2017

The present work is concerned with the numerical simulation of the blown film process and its comparison to experimental data. The bubble formation and the biaxial stretching of the film were studied using a non-isothermal, purely viscous, temperature dependent model. The model is incorporated into a software package called B-FILMCAD. Special attention has been given to the importance of the temperature in the modeling of the blown film process. It was found that temperature is by far the most important modeling parameter.

The results show that the majority of the process parameters can be successfully predicted by the employed model, showing a good agreement between experimental data from various investigators and numerical predictions. This was valid for most of the studied cases despite the diversity of the experimental data. With the use of the present model many useful conclusions can be drawn about blown film production lines.
Sorption and Permeation of Allyl Isothiocyanate Vapor in Nylon 6,6 Film as Affected by Relative Humidity
Authors: Lim Loong-Tak , Britt Ian J. , Tung Marvin A.
Published: July 2017

Sorption and permeation of allyl isothiocyanate vapor (AIT, an antimicrobial flavor compound from Cruciferae plants) in nylon 6,6 film were investigated in this study. AIT sorption by the dry nylon film was low (=0.5%, w/w), but increased to a maximum =3.5% as relative humidity (RH) increased. Above 70% RH, the decrease in AIT solubility was presumably caused by the competitive sorption of water. In contrast, AIT permeability increased exponentially with RH due to the plasticization effect of water upon the polymer. A synergistic Tg depression effect was observed when film samples were exposed to water/AIT vapors simultaneously. FTIR studies indicated that water sorption enhanced hydrogen bonding to the C = 0 sites, but weakened the N-H groups.
The Role of Natural Antimicrobials in Food/Packaging Biopreservation
Authors: Nicholson Myron D.
Published: July 2017

In food preservation, antimicrobials can be incorporated into foods in a variety of ways. This paper investigates the application of naturally occurring biopreservatives by way of a packaging system. The functions of the antimicrobial were also considered including their effect on pathogens and their extension of shelf-life. As part of a multiple hurdle technique, a "smart" packaging film can help improve the barrier to microbial growth in a food product. This should lead to increases in both the food safety and shelf-life of perishable foods.
Patient-reported outcomes in hematology: is it time to focus more on them in clinical trials and hematology practice?
Authors: Efficace Fabio , Gaidano Gianluca , Lo-Coco Francesco
Published: July 2017

In less than 2 decades, major clinical advances have been made in various areas of hematologic malignancies. Clinicians and patients now frequently face challenging choices regarding various treatments that are often similar in regard to safety or clinical effectiveness; hence, medical decision making has grown in complexity. For example, several novel drugs have been developed as oral agents, introducing an additional challenge in patient management, such as ensuring an optimal adherence to therapy in order to maximize drug effectiveness. This rapidly changing scenario provides a rationale for a more systematic collection of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in clinical research and routine care. In the former case, PRO may help to better understand overall treatment effectiveness of a new drug being tested. In the latter case, it may aid in making more informed, individualized treatment decisions in daily practice by obtaining more accurate information on the actual symptom burden experienced by the patient. In any case, evaluating PRO requires making several, and often challenging, decisions depending, for example, on the population being studied and the specific setting. Therefore, if PROs are to fulfill their potential of generating clinically meaningful data that robustly inform patient care, special attention should be given to methodological rigor. We outline the value of a more systematic and rigorous implementation of PRO assessment in the current hematology arena, by providing some real world examples of how PRO data have contributed in better understanding the value of new therapies. We also discuss practical considerations in PRO assessment in clinical research.
PLCζ is the physiological trigger of the Ca2+ oscillations that induce embryogenesis in mammals but conception can occur in its absence
Authors: Hachem Alaa , Godwin Jonathan , Ruas Margarida , Lee Hoi Chang , Ferrer Buitrago Minerva , Ardestani Goli , Bassett Andrew , Fox Sebastian , Navarrete Felipe , de Sutter Petra , Heindryckx Björn , Fissore Rafael , Parrington John
Published: July 2017

Activation of the egg by the sperm is the first, vital stage of embryogenesis. The sperm protein PLCζ has been proposed as the physiological agent that triggers the Ca2+ oscillations that normally initiate embryogenesis. Consistent with this, recombinant PLCζ induces Ca2+ oscillations in eggs and debilitating mutations in the PLCZ1 gene are associated with infertility in men. However, there has been no evidence that knockout of the gene encoding PLCζ abolishes the ability of sperm to induce Ca2+ oscillations in eggs. Here, we show that sperm derived from Plcz1–/– male mice fail to trigger Ca2+ oscillations in eggs, cause polyspermy and thus demonstrate that PLCζ is the physiological trigger of these Ca2+ oscillations. Remarkably, some eggs fertilized by PLCζ-null sperm can develop, albeit at greatly reduced efficiency, and after a significant time-delay. In addition, Plcz1–/– males are subfertile but not sterile, suggesting that in the absence of PLCζ, spontaneous egg activation can eventually occur via an alternative route. This is the first demonstration that in vivo fertilization without the normal physiological trigger of egg activation can result in offspring. PLCζ-null sperm now make it possible to resolve long-standing questions in fertilization biology, and to test the efficacy and safety of procedures used to treat human infertility.
Coup-TF1 and Coup-TF2 control subtype and laminar identity of MGE-derived neocortical interneurons
Authors: Hu Jia Sheng , Vogt Daniel , Lindtner Susan , Sandberg Magnus , Silberberg Shanni N. , Rubenstein John L. R.
Published: July 2017

Distinct cortical interneuron (CIN) subtypes have unique circuit functions; dysfunction in specific subtypes is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing (SST+ and PV+) interneurons are the two major subtypes generated by medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) progenitors. Spatial and temporal mechanisms governing their cell-fate specification and differential integration into cortical layers are largely unknown. We provide evidence that Coup-TF1 and Coup-TF2 (Nr2f1 and Nr2f2) transcription factor expression in an arc-shaped progenitor domain within the MGE promotes time-dependent survival of this neuroepithelium and the time-dependent specification of layer V SST+ CINs. Coup-TF1 and Coup-TF2 autonomously repress PV+ fate in MGE progenitors, in part through directly driving Sox6 expression. These results have identified, in mouse, a transcriptional pathway that controls SST-PV fate.
Computer simulations as interactive method training In the course of preparation bachelors of law
Authors: Иванов Иван , Ivanov Ivan , Кусков Алексей , Kuskov Aleksey
Published: July 2017

The aim of the article is to examine the computer simulations as one of the interactive methods of training and formulate proposals for their effective use in training bachelors of law. The authors have chosen the basis of the research methodology a systematic approach using formal-logical method as well as methods of theoretical knowledge and empirical research. As a result, the authors formulated the definition of legal computer simulation, classified these simulations. The authors proposed a scheduling algorithm and conduct classes with the use of computer simulations. There are conclusions about the problems and the subsequent directions of development of computer simulation for a more effective legal system for training of bachelors, which should be according to the authors field of application of the results.
Collaborative Operating Room Planning and Scheduling
Authors: Roshanaei Vahid , Luong Curtiss , Aleman Dionne M. , Urbach David R.
Published: July 2017

Operating rooms (ORs) play a substantial role in hospital profitability, and their optimal utilization is conducive to containing the cost of surgical service delivery, shortening surgical patient wait times, and increasing patient admissions. We extend the OR planning and scheduling problem from a single independent hospital to a coalition of multiple hospitals in a strategic network, where a pool of patients, surgeons, and ORs are collaboratively planned. To solve the resulting mixed-integer dual resource constrained model, we develop a novel logic-based Benders’ decomposition approach that employs an allocation master problem, sequencing sub-problems for each hospital-day, and novel multistrategy Benders’ feasibility and optimality cuts. We investigate various patient-to-surgeon allocation flexibilities, as well as the impact of surgeon schedule tightness. Using real data obtained from the General Surgery Departments of the University Health Network (UHN) hospitals, consisting of Toronto General Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, and Princess Margret Cancer Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (who already engage in some collaborative resource sharing), we find that on average, collaborative OR scheduling with traditional patient-to-surgeon allocation flexibility results in 6% cost-savings, while flexible patient-to-surgeon allocation flexibility increases cost-savings to 40%, and surgeon schedule tightness can impact costs by 15%. The collective impact of our collaboration and patient flexibility results in between 45% and 63% savings per surgery. We also use a game theoretic approach to fairly redistribute the payoff acquired from a coalition of hospitals and to empirically show coalitional stability among hospitals.

Data and the online supplement are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0745 .
Progressive Selection Method for the Coupled Lot-Sizing and Cutting-Stock Problem
Authors: Wu Tao , Akartunalı Kerem , Jans Raf , Liang Zhe
Published: July 2017

The coupled lot-sizing and cutting-stock problem has been a challenging and significant problem for industry, and has therefore received sustained research attention. The quality of the solution is a major determinant of cost performance in related production and inventory management systems, and therefore there is intense pressure to develop effective practical solutions. In the literature, a number of heuristics have been proposed for solving the problem. However, the heuristics are limited in obtaining high solution qualities. This paper proposes a new progressive selection algorithm that hybridizes heuristic search and extended reformulation into a single framework. The method has the advantage of generating a strong bound using the extended reformulation, which can provide good guidelines on partitioning and sampling in the heuristic search procedure to ensure an efficient solution process. We also analyze per-item and per-period Dantzig–Wolfe decompositions of the problem and present theoretical comparisons. The master problem of the per period Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition is often degenerate, which results in a tailing-off effect for column generation. We apply a hybridization of Lagrangian relaxation and stabilization techniques to improve the convergence. The discussion is followed by extensive computational tests, where we also perform detailed statistical analyses on various parameters. Comparisons with other methods indicate that our approach is computationally tractable and is able to obtain improved results.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0746 .
Nuevos datos sobre el arquitecto Francisco Sabando
Authors: Ferreira Fernández Myriam
Published: July 2017

Francisco Sabando es una de las figuras claves del Neoclasicismo alavés. Nacido en Labastida, tras pasar por la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando en Madrid, fue uno de los primeros arquitectos neoclásicos que trabajó en Álava, La Rioja y Navarra. Este artículo aporta nuevos datos sobre su nacimiento y familia, su vinculación con la familia Moraza, sus contactos con los círculos neoclásicos de Vitoria y Logroño y las obras que conocemos hasta el día de hoy. Estos datos permiten apreciar la evolución de Sabando desde la retablística rococó hacia la arquitectura y escultura académica.
Los objetos de culto de Néstor Basterretxea para la iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Lasarte (Álava)
Authors: Vadillo-Eguino Miren
Published: July 2017

A mediados de los años setenta y con motivo de la restauración de la iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Lasarte (Álava), la Diputación de Álava encargó a Néstor Basterretxea la realización de varios objetos de culto para el presbiterio de la misma. A pesar del contraste inicial existente entre las formas abstractas y contemporáneas que el escultor elaboró y el estilo románico del ábside, en su conjunto, todos los elementos llegaron a armonizar a la perfección. Conoceremos los avatares de realización de las obras, al tiempo que descubriremos una parte desconocida del patrimonio artístico vasco contemporáneo.
Birgaitze energetikoak gizarte etxebizitzan: portaera termikoaren analisia
Authors: Terés-Zubiaga Jon
Published: July 2017

«Birgaitze energetikoak gizarte-etxebizitzan: portaera termikoaren analisia» doktorego-tesia eraikinen birgaikuntza energetikoaren ebaluazioan datza, eta prozedura honek barne hartzen dituen atal ezberdinak kontuan hartzen ditu: datu-eskuratzea eta monitorizazioa, datuen tratamendua eta lortutako emaitzen analisiak, esaterako. Helburu horrekin, atal esperimentalean bi monitorizazio ezberdin barne hartzen ditu. Lehenik, hamar gizarte-etxebizitzen landa-azterketa bat aurkezten da hirugarren kapituluan; laugarren kapituluan etxebizitza adierazgarri baten monitorizazio zehatz baten deskripzioan arreta jartzen du. Estazio klimatiko bat kokatzeaz gain, etxebizitzaren monitorizazioa eginahal izateko hirurogei tenperatura-sentsore baino gehiago erabili izan dira. Monitorizazioa egin ondoren, atal esperimentalean lortutako datuen tratamendua garatzen da bi simulazio ereduren bidez. Azkenik, tesi honen azken atalak simulazioaren diseinuan eta aipatutako simulazioen bidez lortutako emaitzen ebaluazioan arreta jartzen du. Bestalde,eraikinen portaera energetikoa aztertzeko ikuspegi exergetikoak duen erabilgarritasuna aztertzen da tesi honen azken kapituluan.
La gestión de la diversidad en las empresas: desde las acciones afirmativas a las políticas de igualdad de oportunidades y las repercusiones en el contexto Español
Authors: Gottardello Debora
Published: July 2017

Este articulo pretende visibilizar como la diversidad ha sido y sigue constituyendo históricamente un aspecto problemático al que se han enfrentado los responsables de los recursos humanos. Se analizará como España, después de la gran emigración hacia latino América y zona más prosperas de Europa del siglo XIX.XX,  pasa a ser un país  receptor de inmigrantes cuyas repercusiones se manifiestan en el mercado de trabajo, el cual se hace más diferenciado conllevando al incremento de la desigualdad en la vida laboral. En este contexto, la gestión de la diversidad se está convirtiendo en uno de los principales componentes de la cultura empresarial, por lo que puede llegar a afectar de forma significativa la eficiencia de la empresa y, por consiguiente, a su posición competitiva.
Heziketa Fisikoko bi irakasleren jardueraren azterketa: jakintza-arloaren eta hizkuntzaren arteko artikulazioaren aztarnak
Authors: Fernández Jiménez David , Azpeitia Eizagirre Agurtzane
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la actividad de dos profesores de educación física y su modo de hacer. Se han subrayado tres objetivos concretos: primero, analizar qué acciones típicas realizan los dos profesores de educación física y emerger las regularidades que existen. Segundo, analizar cómo tipifican o caracterizan los profesores esas acciones. Y en tercer lugar, analizar si en esas actividades se realiza articulación alguna entre la educación física y la lengua y, si así fuera, también es objetivo de la investigación examinar cómo se realiza. Para eso, se analizan 2 sesiones de autoconfrontación sobre sendas sesiones de educación física llevadas a cabo por 2 profesores de una ikastola de Guipúzcoa. La investigación se ubica en el ámbito del análisis de la actividad y la formación continua. El interés de esta investigación se sustenta en entender el modo de actuar de los profesores de educación física para así poder crear nuevos entornos de formación. Los primeros resultados demuestran que en las actividades que realizan estos profesores de educación física existen regularidades y ámbitos privilegiados para la articulación con la lengua, pero que no se trabajan intencionadamente.
Nerabeen gaitasun sozial eta emozionalak garatzeko programak: berrikusketa
Authors: Sarrionandia Peña Ainize , Garaigordobil Landazabal Maite
Published: July 2017

Introducción: Desde la utilización del término de inteligencia emocional (IE) en 1990, el concepto se ha abierto camino demostrando estar relacionado con factores tan relevantes de la vida como la salud, el bienestar y las relaciones interpersonales. El interés suscitado por dicho constructo ha provocado la creación de numerosos programas para mejorar las competencias socioemocionales. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar la literatura científica sobre los programas para mejorar la IE. En concreto, la revisión se ha centrado en programas que han sido evaluados. Método: Se han realizado búsquedas bibliográficas de libros (ISBN) así como búsquedas en las bases de datos PsycINFO, ERIC, Scopus y Google Académico. Estas búsquedas se han centrado en el material publicado hasta el 2015 y los términos utilizados en ellas han sido inteligencia emocional, habilidades sociales/emocionales, programa y adolescencia. Resultados: Se han encontrado 32 programas. 6 de estos programas desarrollan la IE. Otros 26 tienen como finalidad el desarrollo socioemocional. A la hora de analizar estos programas se han tenido en cuenta la denominación de los programas, sus autores, la muestra, los objetivos y componentes del programa, el diseño de investigación, los instrumentos y los resultados. Los resultados evidencian que los programas que desarrollan la IE y/o las competencias socioemocionales, además de mejorar estas variables también mejoran el rendimiento académico, la empatía, la autoestima, el autocontrol de las conductas, la resolución de conflictos, el bienestar y la salud mental, al mismo tiempo que disminuyen la delincuencia, el consumo de drogas, la ansiedad, el estrés y la tendencia a la somatización. Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la importancia de implementar programas de intervención basados en la evidencia para fomentar el desarrollo social y emocional de los adolescentes.
Abstrakzio laburpen-testuak ebaluatzeko metodoa, Lehen Hezkuntzan: testu luzera, koherentzia erlazioak, gai nagusia
Authors: Atutxa Unai , Iruskieta Mikel
Published: July 2017

Las alumnas leen textos en la escuela, después hacen ejercicios de comprensión con esos textos, pero muchas veces no tienen en cuenta la estructura relacional del discurso. En este articulo hemos analizado como comprenden las alumnas de Primaria un texto mediante resúmenes hechos por ellas mismas. Para ello, hemos creado un corpus con resúmenes de profesores y alumnas. Los resúmenes de las alumnas se han comparado con el de los profesores, para describir las diferencias que hay en la estructura relacional del discurso. Con el fin de evaluar los resúmenes, nos hemos basado en los siguientes fenómenos de la Teoría de la Estructura Retórica (RST, en inglés): i) longitud del resumen, ii) tema principal o unidad central de la estructura discursiva de los resúmenes y iii) estructura discursiva de los resúmenes. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las alumnas saben resumir, pero que tienen dificultades a la hora de identificar el tema principal, y, por tanto, eso le afecta de un modo negativo a la coherencia o la estructura retórica.
Twitter como herramienta para la comunicación en salud en el contexto del fomento de la donación de órganos en el Perú
Authors: Strauck Franco Maria Antonia , Guillén Arruda Claudia Alexandra
Published: July 2017

Este artículo analiza las características de la comunicación a través de Twitter en el marco del fomento de la donación de órganos, a partir del estudio de lo publicado por el Ministerio de Salud (Minsa) y el Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) en el Perú y de las respuestas de los usuarios ante estos mensajes, donde se pudo evidenciar que esta red social, por sus particularidades específicas y recursos disponibles, que permiten una retroalimentación continua, es una herramienta valiosa en el contexto del desarrollo de iniciativas de comunicación en salud.
Rationalist tendencies in the translation of Slovak historiography into English
Authors: Maleková Danica
Published: July 2017

The paper investigates how dominant epistemic frames backed by the methods of materialist science appropriate a translated text, thus changing its imagery and patterns of meaning. It discusses the language / culture determinants in the process of translation and relates the findings to the tendency towards hegemony in understanding what constitutes legitimate knowledge representation. Employing the tools of the cognitive approach to translation, the analysis is based on a case study of a translation of a Slovak historical text into English. More specifically, the paper explores translation of verbs related to the historical agents and their symbols. The cognitive framework accommodating the analysis shifts the perspective to the imagery invoked, and it is shown that the original imagery is significantly reduced in the target text. The analysis tracks the reductionist processes down to schematization, or what could be called abstractification, with an effect of disengaging the reader from the scene, as well as renormalization of agency, whereby semantic relationships are conventionalized. It is argued that such reduction is not a ‘natural’ process, nor is it necessitated by the variation in the target language structure, and it ultimately serves ideological ends.
Microbial Contamination of the Gut; another Feature of Malnutrition
Authors: Gracey Michael , Suharjono Suharjono , Sunoto Sunoto , Stone Delys E.
Published: July 2017

The microbial flora of the stomach and upper small intestine was studied in 21 malnourished Indonesian children with diarrhoea and compared with that found in 21 Australian children of Caucasian extraction with a variety of alimentary disorders. In the Indonesian children there was marked microbial contamination of the upper gastrointestinal tract with a wide variety of microorganisms. In several patients there was significant overgrowth by Candida sp. and in several others large numbers of anaerobic bacteria were isolated. It is suggested that these microbiological abnormalities are related to the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in children with malnutrition.
A Study on Hypothyroidism in a School for the Mentally Retarded in Bandung
Authors: Asikin J. , Dibjosubroto S. , Pallencaoe A.H. , Luhulima L.F.
Published: July 2017

A study was made on 114 pupils from a school for the mentally retarded in Bandung. In 50 subjects the length ratio between the upper and the lower segment of the body were more than one; of 44 subjects (32 debils, 11 imbecils, 1 borderline debil-imbecil) we found 2 with hypertelorism, 1 with dry and rough skin, and 1 with gross and fine motor abnormalities. Dental development and bone ages were within normal limits. No rise in serum cholesterol and changes in NTR (Normalized Thyroxine Ratio) were found. T4 (thyroxine) values were within normal limits. Radioactive iodine uptake and scanning of 42 subjects showed hyperplasia in 32 and euthyroidism in 5 subjects. Three subjects suggested a possible iodine contamination, 2 subjects with uptake of more than 50%, one of them showed adenoma (toxic?) on scanning; on the other one scanning was not done. Hypothyroidism was not found; 32 subjects which showed hyperplasia were suggestive of active thyroid. Further studies should be done in another sample of population to trace the problems of hypothyroidism in childhood.
Optional Immunizations as Parameter of Parent’s Behavioral Change in Health Needs of Their Off-springs
Authors: Azis A. Abdul , Rasjid Aliamran , Sudijanto Sudijanto , Kurdi Rachmat
Published: July 2017

Services provided by Utan Kayu M.C.H. Clinic, Medical School, University of Indonesia, were introduced to the surrounding community through individual as well as through group contacts. It is desirable to measure the degree of health education efforts of the clinic especially of parents behavioral change in health needs of their children. For the purpose of the study a stratified systematic record sampling of the active-files of patient in 1975 were undertaken.
A Comparative Study of Caries Formation in Breast-fed and Bottle-fed Children
Authors: Aldy Dahrul , Siregar Zakaria , Siregar Helena , Liwijaya Sani Gary , Tanyati Srinita
Published: July 2017

One hundred under five children have been examined in the Child’s Policlinic at General Hospital Medan December 1977. Fifty four children suffered from dental caries of which 48 had caries similar to bottle caries. Among those 48 children 35 was fed with breast milk continued by bottle milk and got bottle milk only.
Problems of Neonatal Jaundice in Indonesia
Authors: Monintja H.E. , Wirastari B. , Kadri N. , Aminullah A. , Muslichan S.
Published: July 2017

This study revealed the incidence of neonatal jaundice in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta to be 32.1%, i.e 42.97% in low birth weight infants and 29.70% in fulllerm infants. No pathological basis was proven in many cases. The factors which may cause pathological jaundice according to the frequency are as follows: infections, anoxia and hypoxia, hemolysis due to G6PD deficiency, multiple factors and hypoglycemia etc. This study also revealed that 69.5% of jaundiced infants had bilirubin concentration of more than 10 mg%. Analysis of the factors showed that most of them were preventable.
Oral Rehydration on Infants and Children in the Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung
Authors: P Djoeanda , Donhuijsen Wyati
Published: July 2017

Fifty-nine out of one hundred and fifty-jour patients with gastroenteritis and dehydration admitted between April and September 1975 to the Department of Child Health, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, were treated with oral glucose electrolyte solution and studied.Twenty-nine patients (group I) were treated with P.3.M. formula and thirty patients (group II) with Hirschhorn formula. In both groups no significant differences were noted in grades of volume depletion which ranged between 5 to 10%, with a peak incidence of 8%. Rehydration was excellent in 41 (69.6%), good in 14 (23.7%) and poor in 4 patients (6.7%). No significant differences were found between both groups. The mean weight gain after rehydration was 4.5% (of the initial weight) in group I and 4.49% in group II (no significant differences). In the study of Hirchhorn et al. (1975) the mean weight gain was about 3%. Fifty-four patients (91.5%) had a recognized pathogen in their stool. In general, the result of oral rehydration in this study was satisfactory; statistically the treatment with both oral glucose electrolyte solutions gave the same good results.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
Authors: Ismail Rusdi , Bahrun Dahler , Sjaffar Sawitri
Published: July 2017

A case of Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome in a 12-year-old girl of Chinese parentage has been reported. This was the first case of MLNS reported from Indonesia.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in Children Aged 13-14 Years
Authors: Rosalina Ina , Kartasasmita Cissy B , Soepriadi Myrna
Published: July 2017

To determine the asthma prevalence and the role of some risk factors of asthma in children aged 13-14 years in Bandung, a study was conducted from April to May 1996 using using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire. The study was conducted in 12 Junior high schools (SMP), selected by multistage population random sampling from 6 district in municipality of Bandung. A total of 3118 questionnaires were collected. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 6.4% and the 12 month prevalence was 2.6%. The prevalence was higher in male, with a ratio of male : female of 1.48:1. The prevalence of asthma increased significantly in children with history of atopy in the family (OR 6.1; p<0.01); however no significant differences was found between children with one or both parents having history of atopy. The prevalence of asthma in smoking children, maternal and room mates had also increased significantly (OR = 2.1; 2.3; 2.6 and p=<0.05;<0.01;<0.01 respectively). However there was no significant effect of paternal smoking (p=0.074). The use of mosquito spray in the bedroom and having pets showed no effect on the prevalence of asthma (p=0.86 and 0.56 respectively).
Relationship Between Incidence of Hyaline Membrane Disease and Maternal Hypertension During Pregnancy
Authors: Nuriman Lasmida Nazir , Hidajat Dadang Sjarif
Published: July 2017

There have been controversies over the eiTect of hypertension in pregnancy on the incidence of type I neonatal respiratory distress syndrome or hyaline membrane disease (HMD). We investigated the relationship between the incidence of HMD and maternal hypertension during pregnancy in 91 infants at 34 weeks gestation or less. This retrospective cross sectional study included all live born babies between May 1, 1994 and April 30, 1995 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Maternal hypertension during pregnancy was diagnosed in 38 mothers of91 infants studied. The incidence of HMD (5%) in the maternal hypertension during pregnancy group was significantly lower than the 62% in the normotensive group (p<0.01). There was a negative correlation between the occurence of HMD and hypertension during pregnancy. We conclude that the risk of developing HMD in infants born to hypertensive mothers is significantly lower than those born to normotensive mothers.
Content-based Image Retrieval by Information Theoretic Measure
Authors: Hanmandlu Madasu , Das Anirban
Published: July 2017

Content-based image retrieval focuses on intuitive and efficient methods for retrieving images from databases based on the content of the images. A new entropy function that serves as a measure of information content in an image termed as 'an information theoretic measure' is devised in this paper. Among the various query paradigms, 'query by example' (QBE) is adopted to set a query image for retrieval from a large image database. In this paper, colour and texture features are extracted using the new entropy function and the dominant colour is considered as a visual feature for a particular set of images. Thus colour and texture features constitute the two-dimensional feature vector for indexing the images. The low dimensionality of the feature vector speeds up the atomic query. Indices in a large database system help retrieve the images relevant to the query image without looking at every image in the database. The entropy values of colour and texture and the dominant colour are considered for measuring the similarity. The utility of the proposed image retrieval system based on the information theoretic measures is demonstrated on a benchmark dataset.

Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.415-430, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.1177
Information Sets and Information Processing
Authors: Hanmandlu Madasu
Published: July 2017

The area of image processing has made rapid strides because of enormous applications it has in different fields. This growth can also be attributed to the increasing use of fuzzy logic in all tasks of image processing as the fuzzy logic facilitates the representation of inherent uncertainty in the image information which can be local or global. For problems like enhancement global information is of interest whereas the local information is needed for the problems of edge detection, segmentation, and recognition. However we need both for the noise removal. The images are of varied types: Medical images (CT scans, MR, X-rays, ECG, etc.), satellite images, natural scenes, videos, games, multimedia, biometrics, industrial, astronomical so on and so forth. The approaches to tackle different images have to be different. For example skin texture can’t represented by a colour model.

Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.405-407, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.1192
The Effect of Woven Structures on the Vibration Characteristics of Glass Fabric/Epoxy Composite Plates
Authors: Lei Xu , Rui Wang , Liu Yong , Jin Li
Published: July 2017

We study the effects of woven structures on the dynamic mechanical properties and vibration properties of the fabric composites. Five typical weaving sets including the ordinary plain weaved and the warp interlocked were adopted in fabric processing. The composites plates with the same thickness were prepared by epoxy resin curing, and their fibre volume fractions were examined. Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and vibration test technique were used to reveal the dynamical behaviours of specimens in different frequencies of vibration. The storage modulus, the loss tangent, the natural frequency and damping ratio were obtained. The result showed that the woven structure have a strong effect on the fibre volume fraction, resin-rich area and the warp architectures of the composites, which determines the performances of the composites in vibration.

Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.499-504, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.296
Bulk Disposal of Unserviceable Toxic Cresylic Acid Waste Using Polymerisation Technique
Authors: Rai Pramod Kumar , Saxena Amit , Rawat Ashok Singh , Kumar Vivek , Pandit Mritunjay , Kapoor Jagdish Chandra
Published: July 2017

A bulk amount of unserviceable toxic cresylic acid waste has been disposed off in a safe and environmentally benign manner. A process to immobilize this waste into non-toxic solid cresol formaldehyde polymer has been developed. Initial study was performed for 1.0 Kg batch size for optimizing the process parameters and conditions, and on the basis of this data, process was scaled-up for bulk disposal (100 Kg / batch). The effect of ratio of reactants, type of catalyst [H2SO4, NaOH and Ca(OH)2], catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time have been studied in a batch process. Maximum immobilization in the 1.0 Kg batch studies was obtained when cresylic acid and formaldehyde were taken in a molar ratio 1 : 1.5 using NaOH as a catalyst. For bulk polymerization, a ratio of 1.0 : 1.2 (cresylic acid : formaldehyde) with NaOH {0.7 % (wt. / wt. of total charge)} was found optimum. The final polymerized product has been buried as per standard procedure in two brick lined pits and finally, the site has been declared as free from the toxic waste.

Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.505-511, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.515
Dependence of Shape and Geometry of Microelectrodes in Manipulating Polarizable Particles like DNA through Electro-kinetic Effects
Authors: Ghonge Sudarshan , Banerjee Souri
Published: July 2017

Recently electro-kinetics, namely AC electro-osmosis and dielectrophoresis have been judiciously utilised to manipulate movement of polarizable particles like DNA suspended in aqueous solution and placed between electrically fed microelectrodes. Researchers around the globe have tried to fabricate electrodes of different geometries to understand how electric field owing to sharpness of the electrodes has influenced the aforementioned electro-kinetic properties. In this review, we have presented a chronological development indesign of patterned electrodes used to align and trap DNA molecules in and around the electrodes. We have examined the pros and the cons of such geometry of the set of the micro-electrodes and also tried to provide a solution in terms of shape and sharpness of the electrode that would facilitate DNA molecules to bridge between the electrodes for further application of conducting DNA as molecular wire. 
Early Sport Specialization and Intensive Training in Adolescent Female Athletes: Risks and Recommendations
Authors: Blagrove Richard C. , Bruinvels Georgie , Read Paul
Published: July 2017

EARLY SPORT SPECIALIZATION IS OFTEN CHARACTERIZED BY INTENSIVE TRAINING AND IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY COMMON. ADOLESCENT FEMALE ATHLETES, WHO TRAIN EXCESSIVELY AND ADOPT POOR DIETS, ARE AT RISK OF THE FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD, OVERUSE INJURY, MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES, AND OVERTRAINING. THE OCCURRENCE OF ONE OR MORE OF THESE ISSUES CAN LEAD TO EARLY RETIREMENT FROM SPORT AND MAY HAVE SERIOUS LONG-TERM HEALTH CONSEQUENCES. PRACTITIONERS WORKING WITH YOUNG FEMALES ARE RECOMMENDED TO ADOPT A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR ATHLETES, INCLUDING PARTICIPATION IN A DIVERSE RANGE OF SPORTS, MONITORING HEALTH STATUS, AND ENSURING CALORIC INTAKE MEETS THE DEMANDS OF THE ATHLETE'S LIFESTYLE.
The regulation of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor in human placenta according to gestational age
Authors: Kim Seung-Chul , Lee Jae-Eon , Kang Seong Soo , Yang Hoe-Saeng , Kim Sun Suk , An Beum-Soo
Published: July 2017

Oxytocin (OXT) is a peptide hormone that plays a central role in the regulation of parturition and lactation. OXT signaling is mediated by OXT receptor (OXTR), which shows species- and tissue-specific expressions and gene regulation. In the present study, we examined the synthesis of OXT and OXTR in human placenta tissue according to gestational age. A total of 48 placentas were divided into early preterm, late preterm and term groups depending on gestational age, and expression of OXT and OXTR was evaluated. First, OXT and OXTR mRNA and protein were detected in normal placenta tissue via Q-PCR, Dot-blot and Western blot assay. Both OXT and OXTR levels in normal placenta increased gradually in the late stage of pregnancy, suggesting that local OXT may play a critical role in the function of the placenta. To determine the regulatory mechanism of OXT, placental BeWo cells were administrated estrogen (E2) or progesterone (P4), and expression of OXT and OXTR was tested. The mRNA and protein levels of OXT and OXTR were upregulated by E2 but blocked by co-treatment with P4. In order to confirm the estrogen receptor (ESR)-mediated signaling, we administrated ESR antagonists together with E2 to BeWo cells. As a result, both OXT and OXTR were significantly altered by ESR1 antagonist (MPP) while moderately regulated by ESR2 antagonist (PHTPP). These results suggest that OXT and OXTR are controlled mainly by E2 in the placenta via ESR1 and thus may play physiological functions in the human placenta during the late stage of pregnancy.