bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring kiwifruit resistance to armoured scale insect pests
Authors: Hill M.G. , Mauchline N.A. , Stannard K.A.
Published: October 2019

A bioassay for assessing relative susceptibility of kiwifruit germplasm to latania scale (Hemiberlesia lataniae) has been developed and validated The method uses cut canes collected from dormant kiwifruit vines in winter Canes are held in coolstore (0C) until required Lengths of cane (40 cm) are held with one end in water at 20C and scale insect crawlers from laboratory cultures are encouraged to settle beneath wool wrapped around the cane Percentage crawler settlement numbers of insects surviving to adulthood and their size are determined and used to assess the relative susceptibility of the plant This method has been validated for H lataniae and used to study kiwifruit resistance and defensive responses The bioassay did not work satisfactorily for greedy scale (H rapax) as crawler settlement was very low Further research has identified cane age as an important determinant of H rapax crawler settlement Young canes harvested in summer enable good settlement of H rapax but canes of this age do not last long enough for the insects to mature (1012 weeks) Canes harvested in autumn while still green will survive to support H rapax settlement growth and survival and can be used to compare kiwifruit resistance to both scale species
Method for spore production of Leptosphaeria maculans
Authors: Lob S. , Jaspers M.V. , Ridgway H.J. , Jones E.E.
Published: October 2019

To enable the epidemiology of Leptosphaeria maculans a pathogen of brassicas to be studied a method for producing spores was required Sporulation of L maculans was assessed on V8juice agar and PDA under two light conditions Five L maculans isolates subcultured with three replicates on each agar were incubated under continuous cool white fluorescent lights at room temperature or 1212 h lightdark at 20C After 9 days incubation colony diameter was measured and spores counted Spore suspensions were produced by pouring 10 ml of sterile water onto each colony and scraping the surface with a sterile glass rod and spores counted using a haemocytometer For all isolates colony diameter was greater on V8juice agar (372526 mm) compared to PDA (123501 mm) under both conditions Isolates subcultured on V8juice agar (979106/plate) gave a higher spore concentration than PDA (355105/plate) Light condition significantly affected spore production but not colony diameter as the highest spore suspension concentration was obtained from those isolates subcultured on V8 juice agar under continuous cool white fluorescent at room temperature (186107/plate) while the lowest concentration was obtained from isolates subcultured on PDA at 20C with 1212 h lightdark (900104/plate) The results have determined the best method for spore production for subsequent experiments
A review of methods for assessing and managing market access and biosecurity risks using systems approaches
Authors: Jamieson L.E. , DeSilva H.N. , Worner S.P. , Rogers D.J. , Hill M.G. , Walker J.T.S.
Published: October 2019

Systems approaches to managing risks on a pathway are increasingly seen as alternatives to singlepoint risk management treatments applied at the border One key challenge of systems approaches is the difficulty in measuring risk management effectiveness across an entire pathway comprising many complex processes The World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreement on the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) states that measures must be applied only to the extent required to achieve an appropriate degree of sanitary/phytosanitary protection (not unnecessarily traderestrictive) and must use sciencebased risk assessment The framework for import risk analysis within the scope of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is outlined in the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) Although a systems approach and independent risk reduction system processes are described in various ISPMs the methodology for determining risk across an entire pathway with complex processes is not This contribution reviews methodologies with potential for such use
A biochemical viability assay is compatible with molecular methods for species identification
Authors: Richards N.K. , Winder L.M. , Iline I.I. , Novoselov M.A. , McNeill M.R. , Phillips C.B.
Published: October 2019

A biochemical viability assay was recently developed to quickly and easily assess the viability of small immobile arthropods including eggs intercepted on plant products On finding a viable specimen species identification often becomes the next hurdle This paper demonstrates that amplifiable DNA is present in a used biochemical viability assay solution and can be used for making taxonomic identifications Cryptically labelled heattreated and untreated eggs of three weevil species (Listronotus bonariensis Sitona lepidus and S discoideus) were first tested for viability then a 1135 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene was amplified from each viability assay solution in the presence of a fluorescent dye SYBR Green Melt curve analysis of the amplicons (n36) revealed three distinct melt profiles that correctly corresponded to each of the three weevil species This shows that the biochemical viability assay is compatible with the application of subsequent molecular identification methods which will facilitate the appropriate management response
Protección al crédito en la gestión judicial en la Provincia de Corrientes
Authors: Lértora Durand de Cassís Jimena Inés , Masferrer Luz Gabriela , Arduino Augusto Horacio Lorenzo
Published: October 2019

El crédito “es el cambio de un bien presente por un bien futuro”. Este concepto podría precisárselo aún más expresando que “el crédito es la transferencia temporal de poder adquisitivo a cambio de la promesa de reembolsar éste más sus intereses en un plazo determinado y en la unidad monetaria convenida.
El principio de imparcialidad en ocasión del ejercicio de función administrativa por órganos del Poder Judicial y su posterior revisión jurisdiccional
Authors: Rey Vázquez Luis Eduardo
Published: October 2019

En un Estado Constitucional de Derecho organizado bajo el esquema republicano, no es concebible que quien interviene como parte y con competencias decisorias en un procedimiento administrativo, sea quien deba intervenir, en sede judicial, en ocasión de revisar judicialmente los procedimientos y actos dictados en ejercicio de la función administrativa. Si bien en ciertos casos puede coincidir el órgano, no pueden ser las mismas personas físicas quienes actúen consecutivamente en ambas funciones en la misma causa.
De Estocolmo (1972) a Río + 20. “El futuro que queremos”
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos Aníbal
Published: October 2019

El hombre es a la vez obra y artífice del medio que lo rodea, el cual le da el sustento material y le brinda la oportunidad de desarrollarse intelectual, moral, social y espiritualmente. En la larga y tortuosa evolución de la raza humana en este planeta se ha llegado a una etapa en que, gracias a la rápida aceleración de la ciencia y la tecnología, el hombre ha adquirido el poder de transformar, de innumerables maneras y en una escala sin precedentes, cuanto lo rodea. Los dos aspectos del medio humano, el natural y el artificial, son esenciales para el bienestar del hombre y para el goce de los derechos humanos fundamentales, incluso el derecho a la vida misma.
Study of chirped pulse compression in optical fiber for all fiber CPA system
Authors: Dutta Arpan
Published: October 2019

Fiber lasers are highly regarded in present laser technological fields due to their high efficiency, beam quality and easy thermal management. Although, performance of fiber laser system is challenged by different nonlinear effects at high power. In case of ultra-short high power pulse fiber laser, nonlinearity plays significant role in pulse propagation through optical fiber as a result of presence of the high peak power of short pulses. Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system can be incorporated in the design of such fiber laser as a way of increasing the pulse energy while mitigating the nonlinear effects. CPA system stretches the chirped pulses coming from fiber laser to reduce its peak power and then linearly amplified it. Amplified pulse experienced a pulse compressor made by bulk diffraction grating employed for recompression of the pulse. This bulk diffraction grating arrangement can be supplanted by specially design fiber arrangements to design all fiber CPA system using the nature of chirped pulse propagation in negative dispersion (anomalous) regime. In this paper, ultra short chirped pulse propagation and compression in anomalous regime under the influence of Kerr nonlinearity, initial chirp and dispersion is studied using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for optical fibers for all fiber CPA system.
QUALITY OF GROUP WORK LEARNING: PHARM. D. STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCE FROM SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Group work techniques are used widely for learning and assessment throughout university courses, but they have not been validated for quality purposes in any Saudi college of pharmacy. Materials and methods: To explore the quality of group work techniques, a Student Attitudes toward Group Environment (SAGE) questionnaire with a component for 'quality of product and process' was used as a tool for data collection from all undergraduate Pharm. D. students in Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University during the period of May-September 2018. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for presenting the results. Result: From all 703 Pharm. D. students enrolled, only 179 participated in the shortened questionnaire. The results indicated positive agreement to the items under investigation. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that this type of learning process met quality criteria from the students’ perspectives. Future work should include investigating the correlation with the results of the comprehensive pharmacy practice exam in Saudi Arabia to show if group work helped students achieve acceptable marks.
Pentingnya Materi Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Haniva Ummu
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa penting materi lingkungan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dan penelitian ini ditujukan untuk guru yang nantinya akan diketahui seberapa penting materi lingkungan jika dikaitkan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang tujuannya untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa siswi tentang kesadaran dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan yang tidak hanya mereka dapatkan di lingkungan sehari-hari tetapi juga lingkungan sekolah.
Pengaruh Terpaan Kampanye Negatif Di Media Sosial Terhadap Sikap Memilih Pemilih Pemula dalam perspektif Elaboration Likelihood Model : Studi Pada Pilkada DKI Jakarta putaran kedua tahun 2017
Authors: Kalaloi Abdul Fadli
Published: October 2019

Kampanye negative adalah hal yang kerap menjadi bagian dari sebuah kotestasi pemilihan umum ataupun pemilihan kepala daerah. Dalam peneltian ini penulis menguji pengaruh tayangan kampanye negative terhadap minat memilih pemilh pemula dalam kontestasi pilkada DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Elaboration Likelihood Model dengan dua jalur pemaknaan yakni jalur sentral dan jalur periferal. Dengan mensurvey 31 responden, penelitian ini menunjukan adanya korelasi dan pengaruh yang diakibatkan oleh kampanye negative dalam konsep jalaur sentral Elaboaration likelihood Model. sedangkan dalam jalur periferal penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tidak ada keterkaitan langsung antara indikator dalam jalur Periferal terhadap minat pemilih pemula dalam menentukan pilihannya di pilkada DKI Jakarta.
Potensi Enzim Selulase dalam Mendegradasi Material Lignoselulosa sebagai Bahan Pakan Ikan
Authors: Suryaningrum Lusi Herawati , Samsudin Reza
Published: October 2019

Material lignoselulosa mengandung karbohidrat yang melimpah dalam bentuk selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang terbungkus oleh lignin. Pengolahan pendahuluan pada material lignoselulosa diperlukan untuk memperoleh hasil degradasi yang optimal. Setelah dilakukan pengolahan pendahuluan untuk membuka ikatan lignoselulosa, enzim selulase digunakan untuk mendegradasi selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang terdapat pada material lignoselulosa. Proses degradasi tersebut terdiri dari beberapa tahapan. Tahap pertama, enzim endoglukonase menyerang daerah amorf dari selulosa secara acak dan membentuk ujung non pereduksi yang memudahkan kerja eksoglukonase. Selanjutnya enzim eksoglukonase menghidrolisis bagian kristalin selulosa dengan membebaskan dua unit glukosa. Sinergi kedua enzim tersebut menghasilkan unit sakarida yang lebih kecil yang selanjutnya dihidrolisis oleh -glukosidase menjadi glukosa. Proses degradasi tersebut akan mengubah material lignoselulosa menjadi bahan baku yang mudah dicerna oleh ikan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengulas pemanfaatan enzim selulase dalam proses degradasi material lignoselulosa dalam rangka pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan air tawar.
Potensi Tepung Rumput Laut Ulva sebagai Bahan Pakan Ikan
Authors: Suryaningrum Lusi Herawati , Samsudin Reza
Published: October 2019

Sebagian besar bahan baku untuk pembuatan pakan ikan masih tergantung pada impor. Upaya untuk mengurangi ketergantungan tersebut adalah dengan memanfaatkan bahan baku lokal. Rumput laut jenis Ulva potensial dikembangkan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pakan ikan karena memiliki kandungan nutrien dengan komposisi asam amino, asam lemak, vitamin dan mineral yang cukup lengkap; adaptif terhadap kondisi lingkungan, mampu tumbuh dengan cepat dan tidak mengandung sianida serta asam fitat yang merupakan zat anti nutrisi. Tepung Ulva tanpa perlakuan bisa dimanfaatkan hingga 20% dalam pakan dan mampu memperbaiki kecernaan dan pemanfaatan pakan, meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta tidak memberikan dampak buruk terhadap efisiensi pakan maupun tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan. Tepung Ulva yang diberi perlakuan fermentasi menggunakan Lactobacillus spp. dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bisa dimanfaatkan hingga 30% dalam pakan dan mampu meningkatkan kecernaan, pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan, tanpa mengurangi kualitas daging
SPARC Filing Against the Merger Between Cengage and McGraw-Hill Education
Authors: Allen Nicole Starr , Joseph Heather , Lande Robert H.
Published: October 2019

On May 1, 2019, Cengage and McGraw-Hill Education — two of the three largest college textbook publishers — announced plans to merge. The merger would turn the college textbook market into an effective duopoly, dominated by the combined post-merger company and a single rival, Pearson. This merger would have drastic negative consequences for competition and student consumers in an industry that has already engaged in decades of relentless price increases that have made higher education harder to afford. Furthermore, as textbook publishers accelerate their transition to digital materials, a merger of this size could be a step toward forming a new data giant in the education sector. On August 14, 2019, SPARC submitted this extensive filing to the Department of Justice opposing the merger on the grounds that it would violate federal antitrust thresholds and harm the ability of students and their families to afford higher education.
Severe Sexual Abuse Reduces Frontoparietal Network Activity during Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Updates
Authors: Letkiewicz Allison , Cochran Amy L. , Cisler Josh M.
Published: October 2019

Trauma and trauma-related disorders are characterized by altered learning styles. Two learning processes that have been delineated using computational modeling are model-free and model-based reinforcement learning (RL), characterized by trial and error and goal-driven, rule-based learning, respectively. Prior research suggests that model-free RL is disrupted among individuals with a history of assaultive trauma and may contribute to altered fear responding. Currently, it is unclear whether model-based RL, which involves building abstract and nuanced representations of stimulus-outcome relationships to prospectively predict action-related outcomes, is also impaired among individuals who have experienced trauma. The present study sought to test the hypothesis of impaired model-based RL among adolescent females exposed to assaultive trauma. Participants (n=60) completed a three-arm bandit RL task during fMRI acquisition. Two computational models compared the degree to which each participant’s task behavior fit the use of a model-free versus model-based RL strategy. Overall, a greater portion of participants’ behavior was better captured by the model-based than model-free RL model. Although assaultive trauma did not predict learning strategy use, greater sexual abuse severity predicted less use of model-based compared to model-free RL. Additionally, severe sexual abuse predicted less left frontoparietal network encoding of model-based RL updates, which was not accounted for by PTSD. Given the significant impact that sexual trauma has on mental health and other aspects of functioning, it is plausible that altered model-based RL is an important route through which clinical impairment emerges.
Buying into the Meritocracy: Taiwanese Students and the Market for College Admissions Services
Authors: Chen Kenneth Han , Berman Elizabeth Popp
Published: October 2019

The meritocratic ideal prescribes that college admission should be based on students’ individual worthiness—their academic ability and hard work. Yet as admission to selective colleges has become increasingly competitive, a market for services to help students succeed in the application process has rapidly expanded. When is participation in this market understood to be morally legitimate? Research on moral markets has examined how participants distinguish legitimate from illegitimate markets, and how relational strategies can hide or purify illegitimate transactions. Less attention has been paid to why groups define a market as legitimate, particularly when its existence conflicts with other group values. Drawing on digital ethnography of an online forum for current and prospective Taiwanese international students and interviews with forum participants, we find that participants define the purchase of college admissions services as moral when it is compensating for collective disadvantage, yet reject its morality in other contexts. Paying to beat a “meritocratic” system becomes legitimate when one recognizes one’s systematic disadvantage in that system. Yet recognizing group disadvantage along one dimension does not imply awareness of individual (dis)advantage along other dimensions, nor does it undermine a broader faith that the system is meritocratic.
Aligning Fiqh Mu’āmalāt and Financial Literacy
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: October 2019

Abū Bakr ‘Utsman ibn Muḥammad al-Dimyāṭī in I'ānatu al-Ṭōlibīna delivered that mu’āmalāt discussed after ibādāt and before other topics in Fiqh because the human need to economic transactions is important thing. This point reveals that Fiqh has concerned to economic issues, that manifested by provides basic principles, legal theories, and general prohibitions that underlie mu’āmalāt dealings. Fiqh’s concern has been aligning with OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) recommendation which advised specifically that financial education should start as early as possible at school as beginning stage of students lives. The difference between these two is OECD has not been providing basic principles, legal theories, and general prohibitions like Fiqh, but this recommendation contributed to the development of Financial Literacy framework. This article aims to elaborate the matrix between Fiqh Mu’āmalāt and Financial Literacy as an educational framework for secondary education. Specifically, this framework is directed to be implemented on learning activities in pondok pesantren as educational institutions that has been teaching life skills based on Islamic studies.
Speculating (on the Digital and the Monetary)
Authors: Liu Yang , Malaby Thomas , Miller Daniel
Published: October 2019

Scholarship has frequently struggled with several pairs of dichotomies as it has sought to understand the digital: real vs. virtual, authentic vs. mediated, openness (freedom) vs. closure (control), and community vs. network. In order to make conceptual headway without falling into these traps, we turn in this article to the concept of indexicality. We urge an account of the digital that sees it as a resource for social action, one with the capacity to reduce and abstract as well as to differentiate and proliferate, recognizing both of these as potential projects that social actors may undertake. We offer the operation of money as an instructive analogy for how we may identify both the abstracting and the specifying dimensions of the digital.
Nature’s Derivative(s) as Alternative Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Treatments
Authors: Sharma Anuja , Kumar Yatender
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the ‘Plague of Twenty-First Century,’ is a crippling neurodegenerative disease that affects a majority of the older population globally. By 2050, the incidence of AD is expected to rise to 135 million, while no treatment(s) that can reverse or control the progression of AD are currently available. The treatment(s) in use are limited in their ability to manage the symptoms or slow the progression of the disease and can lead to some severe side effects. The overall care is economically burdensome for the affected individuals as well as the caretakers or family members. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify and develop much safer alternative therapies that can better manage AD. This review discusses a multitude of such treatments borrowed from Ayurveda, traditional Chinese practices, meditation, and exercising for AD treatment. These therapies are in practice since ancient times and reported to be beneficial as anti-AD therapies. Ayurvedic drugs like turmeric, Brahmi, Ashwagandha, etc., management of stress by meditation, regular exercising, and acupuncture have been reported to be efficient in their anti-AD usage. Besides, a combination of vitamins and natural dietary intakes is likely to play a significant role in combating AD. We conclude that the use of such alternative strategies will be a stepping-stone in preventing, treating, curing, or managing the disease.
Impact of Facility Radiation Patient Volume on Overall Survival in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Undergoing Trimodality Bladder Preservation Therapy
Authors: Fischer-Valuck Benjamin W. , Rudra Soumon , Gabani Prashant , Brenneman Randall , Mueller Ryan , Chin Walter , Gay Hiram A. , Michalski Jeff M. , Abraham Christopher , Baumann Brian C.
Published: October 2019

Background:

There is an association between higher hospital and urologist case volume and improved survival outcomes for patients with bladder cancer. Less data on facility volume and outcomes exists following trimodality bladder preservation with TURBT followed by definitive chemoradiation (CRT).

Materials and Methods:

The National Cancer Database was queried for patients from 2004–2013 with urothelial bladder cancer (cT2-4aN0M0) receiving definitive CRT after TURBT. We compared OS between high- and low- bladder preservation case volume (BPCV) centers using Cox proportional hazard models. BPCV was dichotomized into high versus low volume at the 70th percentile level (i.e. high volume defined as top 30th percentile of cases and low volume defined as bottom 70th percentile of cases). Propensity matching was performed to match high- and low-volume centers.

Results:

A total of 666 treatment facilities treating 1,635 patients with bladder preservation were identified with a median follow-up of 26 months (range, 2–136 months). A 70th percentile cutoff identified 497 patients that received treatment at 64 high-volume facilities. Median OS of patients treated at high BPCV centers was 37.0 months (95% CI, 27.3–46.7) versus 32.3 months (95% CI, 27.9–33.6) for patients treated at low BPCV centers ( P = 0.004). High BPCV facilities were independently associated with a decreased hazard of death (HR, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.75–0.98; P = 0.031). In the propensity score matched cohort, median OS of patients treated at high BPCV was 36.1 months (95% CI, 26.5–45.8) versus 28.1 months (95% CI, 23.9–32.3) for patients treated at a low BPCV facility ( P = 0.016).

Conclusions:

In this observational cohort, treatment at a high BPCV facility was associated with improved OS. Causal factors for this finding may include superior bladder specific clinician expertise, technology, and multidisciplinary-care.
Anemia in Association with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Hong-Bae , Park Byoungjin , Shim Jae-Yong
Published: October 2019

Background:

Prevalence of both anemia and cognitive impairment tends to increase with age. Individual studies have recently shown that anemia could be associated with cognitive impairment.

Objective:

To investigate the association between anemia and cognitive impairment including dementia.

Methods:

Two of the authors systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library to retrieve observational studies reporting a relationship between anemia and cognitive impairment from 1964 to July 10, 2019. Case-control and cohort studies were included, and odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of cognitive impairment were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results:

In total, 16 observational studies including eight case-control studies and eight cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Anemia was significantly linked to cognitive impairment (OR or RR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.32–1.73) in a random-effects meta-analysis, albeit with medium heterogeneity (I2 = 47.8%). Meta-estimates of dementia from prospective population-based cohort studies were similar (RR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.22–1.76) without substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 23.2%).

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis indicates that anemia is associated with cognitive impairment. Further prospective research is warranted to determine the cause-effect relationship of anemia with cognitive impairment and whether treatment of anemia might reduce the risk of dementia.
Calcilytic NPS 2143 Reduces Amyloid Secretion and Increases sAβPPα Release from PSEN1 Mutant iPSC-Derived Neurons
Authors: Lo Giudice Maria , Mihalik Balázs , Turi Zsófia , Dinnyés András , Kobolák Julianna
Published: October 2019

Despite numerous efforts and studies over the last three decades, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a disorder not fully understood and incurable so far. Development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to obtain terminally differentiated neurons from adult somatic cells revolutionized the study of AD, providing a powerful tool for modelling the disease and for screening candidate drugs. Indeed, iPSC reprogramming allowed generation of neurons from both sporadic and familial AD patients with the promise to recapitulate the early pathological mechanisms in vitro and to identify novel targets. Interestingly, NPS 2143, a negative allosteric modulator of the calcium sensing receptor, has been indicated as a possible therapeutic for AD. In the present study, we assessed the potential of our iPSC-based familial AD cellular model as a platform for drug testing. We found that iPSC-derived neurons respond to treatment with γ-secretase inhibitor, modifying the physiological amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) processing and amyloid-β (Aβ) secretion. Moreover, we demonstrated the expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) protein in human neurons derived from healthy and familial AD subjects. Finally, we showed that calcilytic NPS 2143 induced a changing of Aβ and sAβPP α secreted into conditioned media and modulation of CaSR and PSEN1 expression at the plasma membrane of AD neurons. Overall, our findings suggest that NPS 2143 affects important AD processes in a relevant in vitro system of familial AD.
REMEDES for Alzheimer-R4Alz Battery: Design and Development of a New Tool of Cognitive Control Assessment for the Diagnosis of Minor and Major Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Poptsi Eleni , Tsardoulias Emmanouil , Moraitou Despina , Symeonidis Andreas L. , Tsolaki Magda
Published: October 2019

Background:

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are acknowledged stages of the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and cognitive control seems to be among the first neuropsychological predictors of cognitive decline. Existing tests are usually affected by educational level, linguistic abilities, cultural differences, and social status, constituting them error-prone when differentiating between the aforementioned stages. Creating robust neuropsychological tests is therefore prominent.

Objective:

The design of a novel psychometric battery for the cognitive control and attention assessment, free of demographic effects, capable to discriminate cognitively healthy aging, SCD, MCI, and mild Dementia (mD).

Methods:

The battery initial hypothesis was tuned using iterations of administration on random sampling healthy older adults and people with SCD, MCI, and mD, from the area of Thessaloniki, Greece. This resulted in the first release of the REflexes MEasurement DEviceS for Alzheimer battery (REMEDES for Alzheimer-R4Alz).

Results:

The first release lasts for almost an hour. The battery was design to assess working memory (WM) including WM storage, processing, and updating, enriched by episodic buffer recruitment. It was also designed to assess attention control abilities comprising selective, sustained, and divided attention subtasks. Finally, it comprises an inhibitory control, a task/rule switching or set-shifting, and a cognitive flexibility subtask as a combination of inhibition and task/rule switching abilities.

Conclusion:

The R4Alz battery is an easy to use psychometric battery with increasing difficulty levels and assumingly ecological validity, being entertaining for older adults, potentially free of demographic effects, and promising as a more accurate and early diagnosis tool of neurodegeneration.
Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Amyloid-β Pathology by Modifying Microglial Function and Suppressing Oxidative Stress
Authors: Yokokawa Kazuki , Iwahara Naotoshi , Hisahara Shin , Emoto Miho C. , Saito Taro , Suzuki Hiromi , Manabe Tatsuo , Matsumura Akihiro , Matsushita Takashi , Suzuki Syuuichirou , Kawamata Jun , Sato-Akaba Hideo , Fujii Hirotada G. , Shimohama Shun
Published: October 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are increasingly being studied as a source of cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, and several groups have reported their beneficial effects on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study using AD model mice (APdE9), we found that transplantation of MSC via the tail vein improved spatial memory in the Morris water maze test. Using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the in vivo redox state of the brain, we found that MSC transplantation suppressed oxidative stress in AD model mice. To elucidate how MSC treatment ameliorates oxidative stress, we focused on amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and microglial function. MSC transplantation reduced Aβ deposition in the cortex and hippocampus. Transplantation of MSC also decreased Iba1-positive area in the cortex and reduced activated ameboid shaped microglia. On the other hand, MSC transplantation accelerated accumulation of microglia around Aβ deposits and prompted microglial Aβ uptake and clearance as shown by higher frequency of Aβ-containing microglia. MSC transplantation also increased CD14-positive microglia in vivo, which play a critical role in Aβ uptake. To confirm the effects of MSC on microglia, we co-cultured the mouse microglial cell line MG6 with MSC. Co-culture with MSC enhanced Aβ uptake by MG6 cells accompanied by upregulation of CD14 expression. Additionally, co-culture of MG6 cells with MSC induced microglial phenotype switching from M1 to M2 and suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that MSC treatment has the potential to ameliorate oxidative stress through modification of microglial functions, thereby improving Aβ pathology in AD model mice.
The authors of the journal
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: October 2019

The authors of the journal
Rotary Electrical Controlled Drum Dryer for Organic Fertilizer Production
Authors: Naswir Naswir , Hasman Elvin , Irwan A
Published: October 2019

this research is aim to provide design and prototype of rotary electrical controled drumdrier machine for drying organic fertilizer to increased production capacity and quality by using a source of heat energy from electricity. This machine consists of five main components i.e. drying cylinder, heating unit, support frame, engine and transmission system. Engine specifications are high 130 cm, 720 cm long, and 120 cm wide, cylinder diameter 60 cm, power engine 14 hp, and heating temperature 142 oC. engine performance test are: capasity 805,03 kg/hours, drying rate 27,40 %/hours, noise level 81,54 db. cost analysis result are operational cost 155,06 Rp/kg and Break Event Point 159.219,73 kg/years
A Study on The Effect of Sic on Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Banana Peduncle Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Sridhar Suhas , Patil Rohan , Ashfaq Aaquib , Vardhan Harsha , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2019

Nowadays the position of natural fibers in the world fiber is stable, growing in the area of their application, not only in textiles but also in more eco-friendly composites. This work is focused on study of the effect of  SiC as filler material on the banana peduncle/Carbon fibers reinforced hybrid composites. Four different laminates are fabricated by varying the matrix composition (BP, BP+SiC, carbon+BP, Carbon+BP+SiC ). The alkaline treatment with 6% NaoH of the BP fibers improves the specific strength and binding properties. The filler added composites laminates shows higher mechanical properties. From the results, it is seen that mechanical properties like Tensile, Flexural, ILSS, Impact and hardness are improved by 89, 75, 99, 68 and 64% by the addition of the SiC to the banana peduncle/Carbon fiber composite laminate.
Development of Coconut Dehusker Machine for Small Scale Industry
Authors: Herdian Fithra , Novita Sri Aulia , Laksmana Indra , Nurtam Mohammad Riza , Rildiwan Rildiwan , Zulnadi Zulnadi
Published: October 2019

West Sumatra-Indonesia has potential to plant coconut due to the coastal location, sunshine level with average temperature 27oC. Coconut is a very productive plant.  Coconut dehusking is one of the process that takes a lot of time and energy. Most of the farmer still using human manual labour with the help of tools made of iron or wooden crowbar that is mounted standing vertically with the blade facing upward about 80 cm from the ground. To increase the number of coconut products, it is designed the coconut dehusker machine. The main component of the machine were two rollers that rotate each other in opposite directions with each roller embedded iron-shaped nails that work to tear the coconut husk. Each roller has a different rotational speed. This machine has dimensions of 98 cm x 51 cm x 95 cm. Roller length is 50 cm and diameter 4 inches. The power source of the machine is a 2 HP electric motor, the speed was reduced by using 2 speeds reducer with the ratio of 1:20 and 1:30 respectively. From the performance test of this machine can dehusk 100 coconuts per hour.  The operational basic cost of the machine equal to Rp 129.89 per coconut (about 1 cent) and Break Event Point is 12.387 coconut per year from the result of the performance test. From the economic analysis machine can be concluded that the use of this machine is better when compared to human labour which has limitation to duration and capacity.
EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANING IN PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS – A CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Karthickeyan P. , Bhaskar J. , Mahalakshmi K. , Prasanth B. Krishna , Gita Bhagavad , Valiyathan Mohan , Balaji Anitha
Published: October 2019

Background: The goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate bacterial plaque and the factors favoring its formation. Conventional therapy includes scaling, root planing and curettage along with appropriate maintenance of oral hygiene. However, complete elimination of sub gingival micro flora is difficult from areas inaccessible to periodontal instrumentation, which demands the use of antimicrobials as adjuncts in periodontal therapy. Periodontal pocket provides an ideal environment for the growth of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. In the course of initiation and progression of the inflammatory process, the sub gingival bacteria increase in numbers and invade the pocket epithelial cells and subsequently, the underlying tissues.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of curcumin with scaling and root planing as compared with scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of the  periodontitis.

Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with two contralateral sites were identified for the study having probing pocket depths (PPDs) of >5mm. Full mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) was done followed by subgingival application of curcumin gel only on one side. Assessment of Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical attachment levels (CALs) were done at both baseline and at 4th week. Subgingival plaque samples was collected from the root surface and standard microbiologic assessment was done both from the control and the test sites before scaling and root planing.

Result: There was a reduction in PI, GI, PPD, CAL and microbiologic parameters in test sites followed by SRP and curcumin gel application, when compared with SRP alone in control group.

Conclusion: The subgingival application of curcumin gel in adjunct with scaling and root planing has shown good improvement in periodontal parameters and has a beneficial effect in periodontitis patients.

Keywords: Curcumin, Periodontitis, Scaling and root planing.
МУЛЬТИПЛІКАТИВНИЙ ЕФЕКТ ЯК МЕТОД ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ І КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ АПК ПІВНІЧНОГО РЕГІОНУ
Authors: Мустафаєв A. A.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. The problem of increasing the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic is to find ways to accelerate the processes of socio-economic transformation of its spheres and enterprises. The aim of the research is the transition to a more intensive investment path of development, the use of progressive methods of resource support, the increase in their composition of the share of the intellectual component. The subject of the research is to determine the level of the multiplicative effect of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic as a method of assessing its effectiveness and competitiveness for the growth of investments and gross output. Methods of economic research – determining the effectiveness of total costs, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, the historical and logical method, observation. Hypothesis of the research: The formation of some aspects of long-term development contributes to the increase in the multiplicative effect of the agro-industrial complex of the region, the elimination of random errors in the long-term strategic development of agro-industrial sectors. Summary of the main material. The statement of basic materials points of the multiplicative effect of the agro-industrial complex of the region are revealed. It is determined that the problems of increasing the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex of the region are concentrated not on the problems of accounting, control and planning of capital costs, but on the problems of coordination, organization and motivation of existing investment resources in order to increase production and increase the competitiveness of marketable products. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the fact that investment and innovation policy in the agricultural sector should not be aimed at short-term, but at long-term development of the agricultural sector in the region. At the same time, each sector and enterprise of the agro-industrial complex of the region should receive that share of investment that would allow it to successfully achieve the goals of the selected project - to complete it on time with the development of a “new cycle” of market reforms. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The degree of problematicness of this study is closely related to a variety of theoretical approaches and practical tasks to be performed, both interpreting the categories of “multiplier effect” and “evaluating the effectiveness and competitiveness” themselves, considered from different perspectives, and classifying their interrelated and interdependent attributes and novelty in a single context. The main task of ensuring the multiplicative effect of the agricultural sector of the region is to achieve direct links between capital, output and consumption - to ensure a harmonious unity of the supply, production and marketing spheres.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН І ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІПОТЕЧНОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ В РЕСПУБЛІЦІ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Биханова A. C. , Ургушева C. C.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. The development of mortgage lending brings significant benefits to the state. First of all, it helps to solve the housing problem, which is important from the point of view of social policy. This encourages citizens' own initiative. In addition, domestic investment - savings of the populapopulation, money of institutional investors - is involved in lending. The purpose of the article is to reflect the current state and features of mortgage lending in the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan). The subject of the research is mortgage relations regarding housing lending in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods used in the research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical and historical method, scientific abstraction and statistical comparisons. The hypothesis of the research is to substantiate the value of the mortgage to improve the stability and efficiency of the banking system of the country. Secured loans are more secure for banks, because when a loan is not repaid, the bank pledges and repays its funds. Statement main material of the research. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is an increase in loans granted to households by second-tier banks for the purchase of housing. Currently, mortgage lending in Kazakhstan is a real opportunity to buy real estate for many working Kazakhstani people with a stable income. Especially in view of the fact that recently, in all mortgage companies, the mandatory first deposit has been reduced from 30% to 10% - 15% of the cost of housing, the loan term has been increased from 3 to 20 years, and the interest rate has decreased from 24 % (2001) to 8% (2018). Originality and practical significance of the research. The proposed measures will provide additional impetus for the revitalization of the Mortgage Lending Program and accelerate the implementation of the President's instructions to provide affordable housing for citizens. Conclusions of the research. In the short term, the massive introduction of a home mortgage lending system will cause an increase in housing demand. Due to the inelastic demand in the housing market in the short term, it is natural that such a situation will lead to an increase in housing prices. The role of the state is to gradually introduce mortgage lending and, at the same time, to systematically expand the housing market by supporting the construction of new homes and creating adequate demand.
СТВОРЕННЯ БАНКІВСЬКИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОСТІ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ СИСТЕМИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Татар М. С. , Нужнова Ю. А. , Косяк О. О.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. Today most developed countries associate long-term sustainable economic growth with the transition to innovative path of development, so the problem of creating and ensuring the efficient functioning of innovative cluster structures, in particular banking, is extremely urgent. The aim of the research is systematization of theoretical and methodological provisions on the creation of banking cluster structures to enhance the innovativeness of Ukraine banking system. The subject of the research is formation and functioning of innovative banking clusters in Ukraine. The methods of the research: meaningful method, comparison method, induction and deduction methods, cluster analysis, etc. The hypothesis of the research. There is a need to create innovative banking clusters to increase the innovativeness of the Ukraine banking system. The statement of basic materials. The definitions of the term “innovation cluster” and “banking innovations” are analyzed. It is determined that banking innovations in Ukraine are aimed mainly at creating new or modernizing existing banking products and services and developing automated banking systems. The advantages of creation of innovative banking clusters are characterized and algorithm of banks cluster analysis realization and algorithm of innovative banking clusters creation are developed. The originality and practical significance of the research are algorithm of banks cluster analysis realization and algorithm of innovative banking clusters creation, which makes possible to determine the sequence of actions required for cluster structures formation. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Prospects of creation of innovative banking clusters are characterized and algorithm of banks cluster analysis realization and algorithm of innovative banking clusters creation are developed. These algorithms will ensure close interaction between the cluster members and the generation of new ideas, will increase the innovativeness of the production and providing of banking services.
МОДИФІКАЦІЯ МЕТОДУ УРАХУВАННЯ РИЗИКІВ ПРОЕКТУ РОЗРОБКИ ТЕХНІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Морікова Анастасія Дмитрівна , Погудіна Ольга Костянтинівна
Published: October 2019

Subject research paper is the development of technical systems. The aim is to improve the quality of planning the basic characteristics of technical systems development project. Objective is to analyze the works in the area of risk when planning projects, justified the choice of method of planning the main indicators of the project taking into account the uncertainties and risks, developed and tested method of accounting for risks of interference in the project of development of technical systems on the example of the development of an aircraft engine. Used theoretical methods are: the method of discrete-event simulation for obtaining histograms of cost and time of development of technical systems, the method of calculating the cumulative damage risk events, the model matrix representation as a mathematical device for the presentation and study of interference risks. We obtained the following results. Analysis of existing work and standards in the field of risk management, reviewed the existing information system of risk-based project simulation and variability of the project. On the basis of the detected restriction provides an improved method for the basic parameters of the project planning. The process of identification and the following categories of risk identified: the expectations, cost, appearance of additional work, return. Given the typology of interference risks formalized the concept of additivity, synergy and cannibalization (negative synergy). An information subsystem that preparesinput to project performance simulation taking into account the risks, where the use of the data matrix relationship likelihood of risks and interference effects manifestations of risk events. Developed information subsystem was tested on calculation Show cost and runtime stages of research works on the development of an aircraft engine. Scientific novelty of the results is as follows: improved method of discrete-event simulation account of technical systems development project risks by adding a formalization of interference risks.
浅谈河长制下的水文监测及其水文服务
Authors: 崔 俊
Published: October 2019

河长制即由各级党政主要负责人担任“河长”,负责组织领导相应河湖的管理和保护工作。“河长制”是从河流水质改善领导督办制、环保问责制所衍生出来的水污染治理制度,通过河长制,让本来无人愿管、被肆意污染的河流,变成由“河长”们进行负责。因此为了发挥河长制的作用,本文阐述了建立河长制的原则、制度及其任务,对河长制下的水文监测要点及其水文服务进行了探讨分析。