bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifocal Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ntavari Niki , Syrmou Vasiliki , Tourlakopoulos Konstantinos , Malli Foteini , Gerogianni Irini , Roussaki Angeliki-Viktoria , Zafiriou Efterpi , Ioannou Maria , Tziastoudi Eirini , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. , Pantazopoulos Ioannis
Published: October 2023

Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health problem worldwide. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) is a cutaneous form of exogenous TB caused by exogenous reinfection in previously sensitized individuals. TBVC typically presents as a unifocal condition. Multifocal cutaneous lesions without any other tubercular foci are extremely rare in exogenous TB and few cases are reported in the literature. We describe the first case of multifocal TBVC in an 81-year-old Greek man. In total, 14 cases of multifocal TBVC have been reported in the literature (8 males and 6 females), with mean age 47.64 years (SD = 20.75) and mean time to diagnosis of 9.69 years (SD = 15.31). Most cases (11/12) responded rapidly to treatment, implying the accuracy of diagnosis, while no one was reported to be immunocompromised. Finally, in 10 cases (71.4%), history of skin microtrauma was reported (related either to daily life habits or to professional praxis), confirming it as the main risk factor. The tuberculin skin test was positive in 10 cases and tissue culture for mycobacteria was negative in all cases. TBVC can present with multiple lesions, even in countries where TB prevalence is not high, especially in patients with history of skin abrasions. Prompt specialist assessment can expedite the establishment of diagnosis.
Associations between Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents and Increased Risk for Life-Threatening Arrhythmias in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Literature Review
Authors: Tudoran Cristina , Tudoran Mariana , Giurgi-Oncu Catalina , Abu-Awwad Ahmed , Abu-Awwad Simona-Alina , Voiţă-Mekereş Florica
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is well-established. Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are frequently diagnosed in patients with T2DM, especially in those with associated coronary syndrome, non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM), and heart failure (HF). In these patients, VA and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) are considered responsible for more than 50% of CV deaths. Newly developed glucose-lowering agents (GLA) seem not only to ameliorate CV morbidity and mortality, but also to reduce the risk of VA and SCA. Materials and Methods: We researched the medical literature on Pub-Med, Clarivate, and Google Scholar for original articles published in the last five years that debated the possible effects of various GLA on ventricular arrhythmias. Results: We identified nineteen original articles, nine of them debating the antiarrhythmic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i); Conclusions: The results concerning the impact of various GLA on VA/SCA were heterogeneous depending on the pharmacological class studied, with some of them having neutral, positive, or negative effects. Although it appears that SGLT2i reduces the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and SCA, their effect on VA is not conclusive.
γ-Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks: Do Solvents Make a Difference?
Authors: Oh Jia X. , Murray Brent S. , Mackie Alan R. , Ettelaie Rammile , Sadeghpour Amin , Frison Ruggero
Published: October 2023

Conventionally, methanol is the solvent of choice in the synthesis of gamma-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs), but using ethanol as a replacement could allow for a more food-grade synthesis condition. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the γ-CD-MOFs synthesised with both methanol and ethanol. The γ-CD-MOFs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area and pore measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of the γ-CD-MOFs were also determined for curcumin, using methanol, ethanol and a mixture of the two as encapsulation solvent. It was found that γ-CD-MOFs synthesised by methanol and ethanol do not differ greatly, the most significant difference being the larger crystal size of γ-CD-MOFs crystallised from ethanol. However, the change in solvent significantly influenced the EE and LC of the crystals. The higher solubility of curcumin in ethanol reduced interactions with the γ-CD-MOFs and resulted in lowered EE and LC. This suggests that different solvents should be used to deliberately manipulate the EE and LC of target compounds for better use of γ-CD-MOFs as their encapsulating and delivery agents.
Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques and Application in Food and Horticultural Crops
Authors: Agatonovic-Kustrin Snezana , Gegechkori Vladimir , Kobakhidze Tamara , Morton David
Published: October 2023

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique which utilizes small amounts of an extraction phase for the extraction of target analytes from investigated sample matrices. Its simplicity of use, relatively short sample processing time, and fiber reusability have made SPME an attractive choice for many analytical applications. SPME has been widely applied to the sampling and analysis of environmental, food, aromatic, metallic, forensic, and pharmaceutical samples. Solid phase microextraction is used in horticultural crops, for example, to determine water and soil contaminants (pesticides, alcohols, phenols, amines, herbicides, etc.). SPME is also used in the food industry to separate biologically active substances in food products for various purposes, for example, disease prevention, determining the smell of food products, and analyzing tastes. SPME has been applied to forensic analysis to determine the alcohol concentration in blood and that of sugar in urine. This method has also been widely used in pharmaceutical analysis. It is a solvent-free sample preparation technique that integrates sampling, isolation, and concentration. This review focuses on recent work on the use of SPME techniques in the analysis of food and horticultural crops.
Antioxidant Peptides from the Collagen of Antler Ossified Tissue and Their Protective Effects against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage toward HaCaT Cells
Authors: Chen Xi , Xia Peijun , Zheng Shuo , Li Yi , Fang Jiayuan , Ma Ze , Zhang Libo , Zhang Xunming , Hao Linlin , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2023

Antler ossified tissue has been widely used for the extraction of bioactive peptides. In this study, collagen was prepared from antler ossified tissue via acetic acid and pepsin. Five different proteases were used to hydrolyze the collagen and the hydrolysate treated by neutrase (collagen peptide named ACP) showed the highest DPPH radical clearance rate. The extraction process of ACP was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: a temperature of 52 °C, a pH of 6.1, and an enzyme concentration of 3200 U/g, which resulted in the maximum DPPH clearance rate of 74.41 ± 0.48%. The peptides (ACP-3) with the strongest antioxidant activity were obtained after isolation and purification, and its DPPH free radical clearance rate was 90.58 ± 1.27%; at the same time, it exhibited good scavenging activity for ABTS, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical. The study investigated the protective effect of ACP-3 on oxidative damage in HaCaT cells. The findings revealed that all groups that received ACP-3 pretreatment exhibited increased activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT compared to the model group. Furthermore, ACP-3 pretreatment reduced the levels of ROS and MDA in HaCaT cells subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. These results suggest that collagen peptides derived from deer antler ossified tissue can effectively mitigate the oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in HaCaT cells, thereby providing a foundation for the utilization of collagen peptides in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Flavonoid-Loaded Biomaterials in Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Yang Jiali , Zhang Lifeng , Ding Qiteng , Zhang Shuai , Sun Shuwen , Liu Wencong , Liu Jinhui , Han Xiao , Ding Chuanbo
Published: October 2023

Skeletons play an important role in the human body, and can form gaps of varying sizes once damaged. Bone defect healing involves a series of complex physiological processes and requires ideal bone defect implants to accelerate bone defect healing. Traditional grafts are often accompanied by issues such as insufficient donors and disease transmission, while some bone defect implants are made of natural and synthetic polymers, which have characteristics such as good porosity, mechanical properties, high drug loading efficiency, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and bone repair promoting abilities are limited. Flavonoids are natural compounds with various biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Their good anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities make them beneficial for the treatment of bone defects. Several researchers have designed different types of flavonoid-loaded polymer implants for bone defects. These implants have good biocompatibility, and they can effectively promote the expression of angiogenesis factors such as VEGF and CD31, promote angiogenesis, regulate signaling pathways such as Wnt, p38, AKT, Erk and increase the levels of osteogenesis-related factors such as Runx-2, OCN, OPN significantly to accelerate the process of bone defect healing. This article reviews the effectiveness and mechanism of biomaterials loaded with flavonoids in the treatment of bone defects. Flavonoid-loaded biomaterials can effectively promote bone defect repair, but we still need to improve the overall performance of flavonoid-loaded bone repair biomaterials to improve the bioavailability of flavonoids and provide more possibilities for bone defect repair.
Four New Diterpenoids from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sinularia nanolobata and DFT-Based Structure Elucidation
Authors: Yu Dan-Dan , Ke Lin-Mao , Liu Jiao , Li Song-Wei , Su Ming-Zhi , Yao Li-Gong , Luo Hui , Guo Yue-Wei
Published: October 2023

Three new cembranoids (1–3) and a new casbanoid (4), along with three known analogues (5–7), have been isolated from the soft coral Sinularia nanolobata collected off Ximao Island. The structures, including the absolute configurations of new compounds, were established using extensive spectroscopic data analysis, time-dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations, and the comparison with spectroscopic data of known compounds. In the in vitro bioassay, compounds 1 and 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell lines, with IC50 values of 37.1 and 42.4 μM, respectively.
Photodynamic Treatment of Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells Using Rose Bengal-Encapsulated Nanoparticles
Authors: Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir , Bekmukhametova Alina , Antony Anu , Barman Shital K. , Houang Jessica , Wu Ming J. , Hook James , George Laurel , Wuhrer Richard , Mawad Damia , Ta Daniel , Lauto Antonio
Published: October 2023

Cancer, a prominent cause of death, presents treatment challenges, including high dosage requirements, drug resistance, poor tumour penetration and systemic toxicity in traditional chemotherapy. Photodynamic therapy, using photosensitizers like rose bengal (RB) with a green laser, shows promise against breast cancer cells in vitro. However, the hydrophilic RB struggles to efficiently penetrate the tumour site due to the unique clinical microenvironment, aggregating around rather than entering cancer cells. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized RB-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles with a peak particle size of ~200 nm. These nanoparticles are readily internalized by cells and, in combination with a green laser (λ = 532 nm) killed 94–98% of cultured human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and prostate cancer cells (PC3) at a low dosage (25 μg/mL RB-nanoparticles, fluence ~126 J/cm2, and irradiance ~0.21 W/cm2). Furthermore, these nanoparticles are not toxic to cultured human normal breast cells (MCF10A), which opens an avenue for translational applications.
What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings
Authors: Kwok Chun Shing , Tafuro Jacopo , Wong Chun Wai , Bennett Sadie , Zachariah Donah , Barker Diane , Morley-Davies Adrian , Satchithananda Duwarakan , Gunning Mark , Borovac Josip A.
Published: October 2023

Despite the efforts to deliver the best evidence-based care, in-hospital death is an inevitable event among some patients hospitalized in cardiology departments. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of mortality events from inpatient admissions to the cardiology department between 2010 and 2019. Data were collected from morbidity and mortality meeting presentations that evaluated comorbidities, medical history, treatments, and causes of death for the overall cohort and according to age group and sex. There were 1182 registered deaths. The most common causes of death among patients were acute myocardial infarction (AMI, 53.0%), heart failure (HF, 11.7%), cardiac arrest (CA, 6.6%), HF with complication/defined cardiomyopathy (6.3%), and sepsis (4.4%). We observed a decline in deaths from AMI from 61.9% in 2010 to 46.7% in 2019, while there was a clear increase in deaths from HF (11.1% in 2010 to 25.9% in 2019). Compared to patients ≥65 years, younger patients were more likely to have died from CA (15.7% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001) and other cardiac reasons (3.0% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001). The majority of deaths were due to AMI, HF, and CA. We observed a significant declining trend in the proportion of deaths due to AMI in recent years, with an increase in deaths due to HF.
Effects of Overload on Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Copper Wires
Authors: Jia Yizhuo , Man Pengrui , Guo Xinyao , Deng Liang , Li Yang
Published: October 2023

During an overload fault in an energized wire, the hot metal core modifies the structure of the insulation material. Therefore, understanding the thermal decomposition kinetics of the insulation materials of the overloaded wire is essential for fire prevention and control. This study investigates the thermal decomposition process of new and overloaded cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) copper wires using thermogravimetry–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and cone calorimetry. The thermal decomposition onset temperature and activation energy of the overloaded XLPE insulation materials were reduced by approximately 15 K and 20 kJ mol−1, respectively, and its reaction mechanism function changed from D-ZLT3 to A2 (0 < α < 0.5). The FTIR shows that the major spectral components produced during the pyrolysis of the XLPE insulation material are C-H stretching, H2O, CO2, C-H scissor vibrations, and C=O and C=C stretching. Additionally, the four functional groups in the PE chains produced the spectral components in the following decreasing order of wavenumber: C–H stretching > CO2 > C–H scissor vibration > C=O and C=C stretching.
Variational Amplitude Amplification for Solving QUBO Problems
Authors: Koch Daniel , Cutugno Massimiliano , Patel Saahil , Wessing Laura , Alsing Paul M.
Published: October 2023

We investigate the use of amplitude amplification on the gate-based model of quantum computing as a means for solving combinatorial optimization problems. This study focuses primarily on quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, which are well-suited for qubit superposition states. Specifically, we demonstrate circuit designs which encode QUBOs as ‘cost oracle’ operations UC, which distribute phases across the basis states proportional to a cost function. We then show that when UC is combined with the standard Grover diffusion operator Us, one can achieve high probabilities of measurement for states corresponding to optimal and near optimal solutions while still only requiring O(π42N/M) iterations. In order to achieve these probabilities, a single scalar parameter ps is required, which we show can be found through a variational quantum–classical hybrid approach and can be used for heuristic solutions.
Using Case and Error Analysis on Inspection Methods of Modeling Platforms for Automatic Emergency Call Systems Based on Generated Satellite Signals
Authors: Fu Yining , Ni Xindong , Yang Jingxuan , Wang Bingjian , Fang Zhe
Published: October 2023

The positional deviation of the in-vehicle Automatic Emergency Call System (AECS) under collision conditions brings difficulties for Intelligent Connected Vehicles (ICVs) post rescue operations. Currently, there is a lack of analysis on system operating conditions during collisions in the reliability assessment methods for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) deployed in the AECS. Therefore, this paper establishes an in-vehicle collision environment simulation model for emergency calls to explore the influence of parameters such as temperature and vibration on Signal-Based In-Vehicle Emergency Call Systems. We also propose environmental limits applicable to comprehensive tests, which can objectively evaluate reliability and provide data support for the AECS bench test through a satellite-signal-based semi-physical simulation, which is subjected to a bench test under different operating conditions. The findings of this study demonstrate that the occurrence of random vibration and impact stress, induced by vibration, exerts considerable disruptive effects on positional signal data during collisions. Consequently, it leads to substantial interference with the accurate detection of post-collision satellite positioning information. When the simulation operates under a 2.4 gRMS vibration condition, the maximum phase noise error in the positioning system is 8.95%, which does not meet the test accuracy requirements. On the other hand, the semi-simulation system is less affected by temperature changes, and at the maximum allowable temperature difference of the equipment, the maximum phase noise error in the simulated signal is 2.12%. Therefore, based on the influence of phase noise variation on the accuracy of the satellite signal simulation, necessary environmental conditions for the test are obtained, including a temperature that is consistent with the maximum operating temperature of the vector generator and a vibration power spectral density (PSD) lower than 1.2 gRMS.
Research on Pedestrian Multi-Object Tracking Network Based on Multi-Order Semantic Fusion
Authors: Liu Cong , Han Chao
Published: October 2023

Aiming at the problem of insufficient tracking accuracy caused by object occlusion in the process of multi-object tracking, this paper proposes a multi-order semantic fusion pedestrian multi-object tracking network. Firstly, the feature pyramid attention module is used in the backbone network to enlarge the receptive field and obtain more abundant feature information to improve the detection accuracy of different scale objects. Secondly, a size-aware module is integrated into the pedestrian re-identification branch network to fuse semantic features from different resolutions and extract more basic pedestrian features, thereby improving the tracking accuracy. Finally, the detection head is reconstructed and the small object detection layer is fused to make the proposed network adapt to objects of different sizes. Experiments on the MOT16 and MOT17 datasets show that the multi-object tracking accuracy of the proposed network reaches 75.4% (MOT16) and 74.3% (MOT17), which effectively deals with the problem of low tracking accuracy caused by occlusion in the field of autonomous driving, and achieves good tracking results. The network proposed in this paper improves the tracking accuracy of pedestrians and provides a basis for further practical applications.
Controle de qualidade de baciloscopias e o programa de controle da Tuberculose no Brasil: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Salgado Andréa Leite de Alencar , Chalkidis Hipócrates de Menezes , Fernandes Franciane de Paula
Published: October 2023

O Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose (PNCT) utiliza a baciloscopia de escarro como técnica padrão ouro para o diagnóstico da Tuberculose (TB) pulmonar, sendo ela a principal e mais acessível ferramenta para o diagnóstico da tuberculose. Apesar de sua fácil execução, a falta de padronização mundial na execução da técnica ou ainda os fatores envolvidos com a qualidade de corantes e reagentes, e até mesmo o fator humano influenciam no resultado final dos exames, sendo necessário um mecanismo efetivo para garantir a qualidade da baciloscopia da rede nacional de laboratórios. Neste sentido este estudo objetivou analisar as publicações científicas referentes à gestão do Programa de controle da Tuberculose no tocante à identificação de sintomáticos respiratórios (SR) e diagnóstico, e ao controle de qualidade das lâminas de baciloscopia, assim como discutir seus entraves na realidade do SUS no Brasil. Trata-se de uma uma revisão integrativa da literatura disponível nas bases da Scielo, Meline e LILACS acerca do tema. Foram selecionados 19 artigos para esta revisão. Em estudo realizado em Belém foi verificado que a identificação dos SR não parece ser prioridade nas UBSs da capital paraense, pois essa identificação foi feita fora da UBS em 72% dos casos. Considerando que a identificação de SR e solicitação de baciloscopia são atitudes chave na APS no sentido da identificação de casos, este resultado demonstra uma baixa detecção de SR, o que dificulta consequentemente o diagnóstico precoce dos casos. Quanto à avaliação das características do Esfregaço e Coloração, estudo realizado em Belém, no Pará, constatou esfregaços inadequados em sua maioria, cujo menor percentual de adequabilidade obtido foi de 28,1 % e o maior percentual foi de 67,5%, em oposição a estudo realizado em São Paulo que obteve apenas 25,8 % dos esfregaços insatisfatórios e 74,2 % dos esfregaços considerados satisfatórios.  O controle de qualidade realizado pelos Laboratórios centrais ainda necessita de maior adesão por parte da rede laboratorial. Espera-se que com a reflexão do cenário nacional aqui apresentada este estudo sirva de estímulo a estudos futuro além de melhorias na gestão do programa de TB daqueles que tiverem acesso ao texto, assim como na maior adesão ao controle externo de qualidade e consequente incremento no diagnostico precoce efetivo nos municípios do Brasil, no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Deseja-se ainda a realização de estudos acerca do controle de qualidade de baciloscopias e consequente alcance de melhores índices de detecção e acompanhamento do agravo na região, seja subsidiando a solicitação de treinamento para os laboratórios municipais, seja possibilitando a reflexão dos profissionais sobre suas práticas.
Análise do fórum de discussão de 4 cursos de MEM-CUCEI-UdeG durante a Covid- 19
Authors: Rangel Rafael Pantoja , Yakhno Alexander , Yakhno Liliya , Becerra José Francisco Villalpando
Published: October 2023

Nesse projeto se propôs a investigar a influência de fóruns de discussão sobre o aprendizado da matemática na modalidade híbrida, durante a pandemia da COVID-19, nos cursos de Algebra Superior, Cálculo e seu Desenvolvimento Conceitual, Equações Diferenciais e Cálculo Superior do Mestrado em Educação Matemática. A fim de avaliar a utilização de fóruns em cursos de MEM, as intervenções dos estudantes foram avaliadas em cinco áreas: conteúdo do tópico, relevância das participações, formação do conhecimento do grupo, capacidades de feedback e pensamento crítico. Dos 570 fóruns gerados e analisados para os 4 cursos, confirma-se que eles estão orientados para a construção do conhecimento matemático, para a solução de dúvidas nos problemas levantados no curso e saem das outras áreas, como no modo facial.
Designing Bioorthogonal Reactions for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Qingfei , Kuang Gaizhen , Wang Li , Duan Ping , Sun Weijian , Ye Fangfu
Published: October 2023

Bioorthogonal reactions are a class of chemical reactions that can be carried out in living organisms without interfering with other reactions, possessing high yield, high selectivity, and high efficiency. Since the first proposal of the conception by Professor Carolyn Bertozzi in 2003, bioorthogonal chemistry has attracted great attention and has been quickly developed. As an important chemical biology tool, bioorthogonal reactions have been applied broadly in biomedicine, including bio-labeling, nucleic acid functionalization, drug discovery, drug activation, synthesis of antibody–drug conjugates, and proteolysis-targeting chimeras. Given this, we summarized the basic knowledge, development history, research status, and prospects of bioorthogonal reactions and their biomedical applications. The main purpose of this paper is to furnish an overview of the intriguing bioorthogonal reactions in a variety of biomedical applications and to provide guidance for the design of novel reactions to enrich bioorthogonal chemistry toolkits.
Elevation of Three Varieties of the Malagasy Endemic Casearia nigrescens (Salicaceae) to the Species Level
Authors: Wang Angelina X. , Philpott Laurel , Applequist Wendy L.
Published: September 2023

The Malagasy species of Casearia Jacq. (Salicaceae) have no modern taxonomic treatment and present particular difficulties due to their similar flowers. Twentieth-century authors have adopted overly lumping classifications featuring broad circumscriptions of C. nigrescens Tul. Perrier de la Bâthie published three varieties within C. nigrescens sensu Tulasne: varieties onivensis H. Perrier, ovata H. Perrier, and subtrinervia H. Perrier. All of these are from eastern humid forests, farther inland and at higher elevations than is typical of variety nigrescens s. str. Study of the available specimens indicates that all are sufficiently distinct from variety nigrescens that they should be elevated to the rank of species. They are herein recognized as C. onivensis (H. Perrier) Ang. X. Wang & Philpott, C. angustifructa Ang. X. Wang & Appleq., and C. subtrinervia (H. Perrier) Ang. X. Wang & Appleq., respectively. All are rarely collected, and preliminary assessment of their conservation status suggests that all three are Endangered.
Legal proceedings of the Kumyks in the 18th – early 19th century
Authors: Akbiev Arsen S. , Abdusalamov Magomed-Pasha B.
Published: October 2023

Based on the analysis of the documents of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan and special historical literature, the article examines the procedure of the court under customary law among the Kumyks in the 18th – early 19th century. According to the authors, there were organisations like merchant courts in large Kumyk villages, which is confirmed in the documents of Kizlyar commandant's archive. At the same time, court proceedings related to trade and debts were conducted with the participation of merchants, but according to the established norms of customary law among the Kumyks. It is stated that in the course of the social system evolution, the Kumyks had developed surprisingly stable system of consideration of disputed cases based on the norms of adat law. It is emphasised that during the period under study, the main type of evidence of a crime was an oath with accomplices. The authors come to the conclusion that the sentences of the adat courts were of a strict nature for everyone, regardless of the social position occupied by the defendant.
Uwarunkowania, wyzwania i zagrożenia dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego Polski w kontekście wojny w Ukrainie
Authors: Jakimiec Jan
Published: September 2023

Celem artykułu jest skoncentrowanie rozważań i zarysowanie uwarunkowań, wyzwań, a także potencjalnych zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego Polski w obecnej sytuacji geopolitycznej przede wszystkim ze strony Rosji. Problem badawczy został ujęty w pytaniu: jakie powinny być kierunki prowadzenia polityki w celu zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego Polski. Hipoteza badawcza, która została w artykule zweryfikowana, stanowi, że trzonem bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego Polski jest ścisła współpraca w ramach sojuszu euroatlantyckiego i Paktu Północnoatlantyckiego NATO, Unii Europejskiej oraz przyjęcie spójnej ze wszystkimi państwami sąsiadującymi bezpośrednio z Polską strategii bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Z metod badawczych służących weryfikacji przyjętej hipotezy i rozwiązania problemu badawczego wykorzystano głównie analizę wykazanej w bibliografii literatury oraz wnioskowanie, a także syntezę i uogólnianie wyciągniętych w wyniku analizy wniosków. Udzielona została odpowiedź na pytanie badawcze, która jest rozwiązaniem podjętego w artykule problemu badawczego. Założoną hipotezę badawczą zweryfikowano, a wnioski ujęto w podsumowaniu. Omówiona w artykule problematyka wydaje się być uzasadniona szczególnie w dobie trwającego konfliktu i toczącej się za naszą wschodnią granicą wojny spowodowanej napaścią zbrojną Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę.
Transformacje ładu demokratycznego
Authors: Drygiel-Bielińska Marlena
Published: September 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie kierunków transformacji ładu demokratycznego zarówno w kontekście ustroju politycznego jak i cechy stosunków międzynarodowych. Ład ten podlega oddziaływaniu wielu współczesnych wyzwań i zagrożeń (tj. globalizacji, rewolucji technologicznej, zagrożenia terrorystycznego, itd.). Po zakończeniu zimnej wojny i wzmocnieniu pozycji Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki na świecie demokracja miała stać się najbardziej pożądanym typem ustroju państwowego, a wiodąca pozycja międzynarodowa USA miała również zagwarantować demokratyczne podejście do budowania nowego ładu światowego opartego na równej partycypacji i poszanowaniu wszystkich uczestników stosunków międzynarodowych. Jak się jednak okazało, demokracja nie stała się panaceum na problemy współczesnego świata, a statystycznie odnotowano przyrost liczby państw autorytarnych. Co więcej, atrakcyjność demokracji zaczęła być coraz częściej kontestowana.
Nowelizacja art. 258 kodeksu karnego w świetle dynamiki zjawiska przestępczości zorganizowanej
Authors: Hernacka-Janikowska Anna
Published: September 2023

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie znowelizowanych rozwiązań prawnokarnych w przedmiocie art. 258 traktującego o zorganizowanej grupie i związku przestępczym. Tłem niniejszych rozważań jest analiza statystyczna zjawiska przestępczości zorganizowanej w trzech podstawowych obszarach jej działań – w obszarze kryminalnym, gospodarczym i narkotykowym. Ponadto, zaprezentowana zostanie statystyka ogólnej liczby grup przestępczych wyeliminowanych na przestrzeni ostatnich lat. Istotnym elementem poznawczym jest również wskazanie na doniosłość zjawiska przede wszystkim w zakresie generowanych szkód w Skarbie Państwa.
Lungenfunktiontestung in der pädiatrischen Praxis
Authors: Reppucci Diana , Trachsel Daniel
Published: September 2023

Die Spirometrie spielt bei der Diagnose und Überwachung von respiratorischen Erkrankungen eine wichtige Rolle. Sie gilt unter den Lungenfunktionstests als die meist durchgeführte Untersuchung. Im Jahr 2021 hat die European Respiratory Society (ERS) neue Richtlinien für die Diagnosestellung des Asthmas bei Schulkindern publiziert.
Neue Therapien für die Cystische Fibrose
Authors: Frauchiger Bettina , Fernandez Elviro Clara
Published: September 2023

Die Cystische Fibrose (CF) ist die häufigste lebensbedrohliche autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung in der kaukasichen Population mit einer Inzidenz von 1/3500. Verursacht wird die CF durch eine Mutation im Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) Gen, welches zur Expression eines defekten Choridkanal führt.
Des changements dans le suivi à long terme de la DBP ?
Authors: Yammine Sophie , Rochat Isabelle
Published: September 2023

La dysplasie bronchopulmonaire est une maladie pulmonaire chronique consécutive à une naissance prématurée. Décrite pour la première fois en 1967, la définition de la maladie a depuis connu une évolution constante, au même titre que sa physiopathologie et sa population cible.
Transparencia gubernamental en la Argentina reciente
Authors: Giménez Gritti Sofía Paula
Published: September 2023

El artículo propone un abordaje del modelo de gestión gubernamental fundado en el paradigma de Gobierno Abierto (GA), particularmente a uno de sus ejes rectores, la transparencia, a partir de aproximarse en clave comparada a las experiencias de su implementación en el conurbano bonaerense en los últimos años. Más específicamente, se apunta a dar cuenta de las políticas de transparencia y apertura de datos públicos desarrolladas en los 24 municipios bonaerenses mediante la construcción de un índice basado en el análisis de cuatro grandes dimensiones: a) disposición de los sitios webs oficiales de los gobiernos locales; b) apertura pasiva de la información; c) apertura activa de la información; d) marco normativo. El análisis estará acompañado de una indagación de probables causas estructurales que induzcan a la aplicación del modelo. Los resultados y lecturas obtenidas de la aplicación preliminar del índice se espera que aporten al conocimiento especializado en el modelo de gestión del GA en gobiernos locales. El artículo recupera una práctica de investigación llevada adelante por la autora en la Carrera de Ciencia Política, de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, articulada con la labor profesional en el Municipio de Quilmes.
On average values of nonlinear functions of oscillating quantities and their applications
Authors: Blekhman Leonid
Published: October 2023

Oscillations of arguments in non-linear dependencies change the average values of respective functions. As the simplest example, the harmonic oscillations of the ball radius increase the average volume and surface area, while the average radius remains unchanged. Despite their elementary nature, such considerations are often ignored, which may lead to inaccuracies and errors. This paper presents a study of such effects in algebraic, geometric and trigonometric relations, as well as in certain basic formulas of mathematical analysis. A number of applications in solving technical problems are considered; in particular, the influence of parameter oscillations on the efficiency of industrial operations. The results of the study may be of interest for the theory of vibrational processes and devices, and the theory of accuracy, as well as for the theory of control and optimal processes.
Stabilizing ℓ-semioptimal fractional controller for discrete non-minimum phase system under unknown-but boundeddisturbance
Authors: Ivanov Dmitriy , Granichin Oleg , Pankov Vikentii , Granichina Olga
Published: October 2023

We consider the problem of optimal stabilizing controller synthesis for a discrete non-minimum phase dynamic plant described by a linear difference equation with an additive unknown-but-bounded disturbance. When considering the ’worst’ case of disturbance, solving this optimization problem has combinatorial complexity. However, by choosing an appropriate sufficiently high sampling rate, it becomes possible to achieve an arbitrarily small level of suboptimality using a noncombinatorial algorithm. In this article, we propose using fractional delays to achieve a small level of suboptimality without significantly increasing the sampling rate. We approximate fractional delays by minimizing the ℓ1-norm of the objective function. The proposed approximation of the fractional delay allows obtaining zero additional error for many non-integer solutions. Furthermore, it is shown that with a non-zero approximation error, the resulting controller may have a smaller additional error than the controller obtained using integer optimization. The theoretical results are illustrated by simulation examples with non-minimum-phase plants of the second and third orders.
Guidance, navigation and attitude control of mini-satellites in a low earth orbit constellation for areal survey
Authors: Somov Yevgeny , Butyrin Sergey , Somov Sergey
Published: October 2023

The problems of guidance, navigation and attitude control in a constellation of mini-observation satellites are considered. The developed methods and algorithms for scanning areal survey performed by these constellations in the low sun-synchronous orbits are presented. The most important new results are methods for coordinated angular guidance of satellites in the constellation’s orbital planes and the comparison results for sequences of the areal space surveys.
الاستحقاق الأكاديمي وعلاقته بالفاعلية الذاتية الأكاديمية
Authors: Al-Rabee Faisal , Al-Jarrah Abdel Nasser
Published: October 2023

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن العلاقة بين الاستحقاق الأكاديمي والفاعلية الذاتية الأكاديمية في ضوء متغيرات: الجنس، والمستوى الدراسي، وطبيعة المهنة.
المنهجية: تكونت عينة الدراسة من (264) طالبًا وطالبة من طلبة مرحلتي الماجستير والدكتوراه، في كلية التربية جامعة اليرموك. تم استخدام مقياسين: مقياس الاستحقاق الأكاديمي الذي طوره الضبع (2020)، ومقياس الفاعلية الذاتية الأكاديمية للحسبان والربيع.
النتائج: بينت نتائج الدراسة وجود مستوى مرتفع من الاستحقاق الأكاديمي لدى أفراد عينة الدراسة، كما بينت النتائج وجود فروق دالة احصائيًا بين متوسطات أداء افراد العينة على مقياس الاستحقاق الأكاديمي تعزى إلى متغير الجنس، ولصالح الذكور. فيما لم تبين وجود فروق تعزى إلى متغيري المستوى الدراسي، أو طبيعة المهنة. كما بينت النتائج وجود مستوى مرتفع من الفاعلية الذاتية لدى أفراد عينة الدراسة، وعدم وجود فروق في مستوى الفاعلية الذاتية تعزى إلى متغيرات الجنس، والمستوى الدراسي، وطبيعة المهنة.
التوصيات: قدمت الدراسة عددا من التوصيات، من أهمها: تصميم برامج إرشادية للحد من المستوى المرتفع للاستحقاق الأكاديمي
مدارات الشخصيات التاريخية في رواية وليد سيف: النار والعنقاء
Authors: Ibrahim Razan
Published: October 2023

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تتبع أثر الشخصية وتحولاتها في رواية وليد سيف التاريخية "النار والعنقاء" في جزأيها. الأول بعنوان "الرايات السوداء" وموضوعه تفاصيل زوال المملكة الأموية وإقامة دولة بني العباس. والثاني بعنوان "صقر قريش" وموضوعه إعادة الدولة الأموية في الأندلس.
المنهجية: تطلبت هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على الأدوار الوظيفية لشخصيات الرواية، وأهم أفعالهم، واتبعت برنامجًا سرديًا يُظهر إرادة الشخصية، وواجبها، وقدراتها، ومعرفتها، والعلاقات التي جمعت الشخصيات مع بعضها البعض. استخدم هذا البحث منهج التاريخانية الجديدة، وهي مدرسة نظرية لها أسسها حول مفهوم التطور التاريخي، وآليات تفسير وقراءة النصوص الأدبية.
النتائج: خلص هذا البحث إلى أن الروائي تمكن من استيعاب عوالم شخصياته وأبعادها الأخلاقية المعقدة وتحولاتها البشرية من خلال تفاعلها مع الظروف المعقدة المحيطة بها.
التوصيات: في ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصت الدراسة باستثمار أدوات التأريخية الجديدة في قراءة الشخصيات في الرواية التاريخية، حيث توفر آفاقًا جديدة في التحليل والتفسير.
Étude Comparative de la Réalisation de la Liaison et de ‎L’enchaînement par des Locuteurs Natifs du Français et ‎des Apprenants Jordaniens
Authors: Nawafleh Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the ‎phenomena of liaison and enchaînement (linking) in ‎French as pronounced by Jordanian Arabic-speaking students and native speakers of French.
Methods: The research compares the liaison and enchaînement in the pronunciation of students and French speakers. It aims to verify whether learners have the same performance and to highlight, where appropriate, the deviation in their pronunciation. In view of the results, we suggest appropriate remedies to the difficulties that were detected.
Results: The results of the research reveal the lack of mastery and incompetence of Jordanian students to syllabify the French sentences. This is manifested through the pronunciation of the prohibited liaison, a low pronunciation rate of obligatory liaison and the non-linking of the liaison and coalescence consonants.
Conclusions: The study recommends that it is important teach the liaison and enchaînement in the early stages of teaching French as a foreign language by employing a variety of strategies to address these challenges
The Level of Academic Compatibility Among Al-Balqa Applied University Students
Authors: AL-Momani Mohammad Omar , Hamadat Mohammad Hasan , Al-mzary Maaly mefleh , Obidat Lubna Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the level of academic compatibility among students of Al-Balqa Applied University from their point of view and its relationship to some variables. The study sample consisted of 625 male and female students who were chosen by random stratified method in the second semester of the academic year (2019- 2020).
Methods: To achieve the study’s goal, a descriptive approach was used, along with a questionnaire consisting of 40 items as the study tool by reviewing the educational literature and the available measures in previous studies that were similar to the current study.
Results: The study concluded that the students' academic success was at a high degree on the items of the scale as a whole, with an arithmetic mean of 3.83. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the study variables, namely: gender (males, females), academic degree for the student (diploma, bachelor), the type of academic major (scientific major, humanitarian major), the student's academic grade (acceptable and good, very good and excellent), and the student's academic level (first and second year, third and fourth year).
Conclusion: The study recommends conducting similar studies that address other variables not covered in the current study and comparing their results with the present findings. It suggests developing university courses in line with students' preferences, activating the counseling center at the university to support students in their academic roles, and creating a comfortable academic atmosphere by the university and college administration, considering students' psychological, social, and academic conditions
The Role of Language Attitudes in Language Maintenance: The Case of Kabyle Immigrants in France
Authors: Zemmour Sabrina , Alghazo Sharif
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This sociolinguistic study aims to explore Kabyle immigrants’ perspectives of and attitudes towards their home language (Kabyle) and the language of the host country (French). It also investigates the effects of gender and age on their attitudes towards and maintenance of their home language.

Methods: To achieve these objectives, an online questionnaire adapted from Al-Rahal (2014) was distributed to 60 Kabyle immigrants (30 males and 30 females) aged between 18 and 78 in the French language. The data were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS.

Results: The results showed that the Kabyle participants have positive attitudes to a great extent towards their home language and positive attitudes to some extent towards the host language. Neither gender nor age was found to be effective on the participants’ attitudes towards either language.

Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of different sociocultural factors. The study recommends that more investigations about Kabyle be conducted to maintain the language and protect it from loss.
التصميم العاطفي وأثره في نشاط الأفراد في المباني السكنية خلال حظر التجول
Authors: Al-Banna Ahmed Jamal , Obeidat Islam Muhammad
Published: October 2023

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرُّف استراتيجيات تطوير آليات ومعايير تربط مشاعر الناس بجوانب التصميم الداخلي لبيئات معيشتهم بطريقة مقبولة، وبكفاءة وظيفية وجمالية عالية تعزز نشاطهم في أثناء حظر التجول.
المنهجية: المنهجية المتبعة هي الوصفية التحليلية؛ حيث جرى العمل على توزيع الاستبيانات وإجراء المقابلات الشخصية وتحليل الحالات المماثلةلجمع المعلومات حول التصميم العاطفي وتأثيره في النشاط الفردي في البيئات السكنية.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن العلاقة بين المشاعر الفردية ودمجها مع عناصر التصميم الداخلي تؤدي إلى إنشاء تصميم عاطفي عالي الكفاءة وذو فعالية وإبداعية في البيئات السكنية. تعمل البيئات السكنية التي تراعي مشاعر وعواطف من يستخدمها على زيادة الشعور بالولاء والانتماء لهذه البيئات، فضلًا عن خلق تأثير عقلي وعاطفي دائم في من يستخدمها، من خلال استخدام عناصر التصميم الداخلي لخلق بيئة عاطفية وحلول تصميمية فعالة. اخيرًا يساهم المصمم الداخلي في خلق شعور عاطفي وإيجابي بين هؤلاء الأفراد، فضلًا عن حالة من الرضا والقبول للمساحة السكنية التي يعيشون فيها.
التوصيات: في ضوء نتائج الدراسة، يوصي الباحثان إلى ضرورة قيام المصمم بتعزيز المشاعر الإيجابية داخل المساحات السكنية المغلقة باستخدام آليات وتقنيات التصميم التي يمكن أن تحفز حواس الأفراد والمشاعر الإيجابية من خلال خلق صيغة متناغمة بين عناصر التصميم الداخلي والمساحة السكنية بأكملها
A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Oath Terms Used by Jordanian Youths
Authors: Thneibat Amal
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate oath terms used by Jordanians in relation to different variables, such as gender and situation. The terms are analyzed based on their thematic associations concerning the two variables of gender (speaker and hearer) and situation (formal and informal), where the speaker is of a similar status in the informal situation and of a higher status in the formal one.
Methods: The data was collected through a Data Completion Task (DCT) involving 50 Jordanian university students as respondents. The questionnaire was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the significance difference calculated at (α=0.08).
Results: The study found that religious terms are the most frequent in all cases, suggesting that changing the variables does not significantly influence their frequency. On the other hand, other categories of swearing terms are culturally bound and are influenced by the social variables of gender and situation in the Jordanian context.
Conclusions: Future research may focus on exploring other social variables that could influence the usage of oath terms, such as various age groups and levels of education. Additionally, the study could be expanded as a contrastive analysis, comparing the terms used by individuals from different languages and cultural backgrounds.
Fundamentos para el proyectado de una industria extractiva de bromo
Authors:   , Ronco Jorge Juan
Published: September 2023

Uno de los tantos productos cuya importación fue casi totalmente anulada por la situación de guerra que atravesó el mundo hasta hace poco tiempo, y cuyo estado de anormalidad subsiste aún, es el bromo. Esto nos llevó a estudiar la posibilidad de la extracción de dicho elemento de fuentes nacionales, no solo con vista a surtir el mercado en esta emergencia, sino de ver si sería posible la implantación de una industria estable, considerando la importancia del bromo y sus derivados, ya sean minerales u orgánicos en medicina e industria. El fin de un trabajo sería contestar a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Sería económica en nuestro país la extracción del bromo?, de alguna de las dos fuentes aparentemente principales: el agua de mar o agua minerales del Sud de la Provincia de Buenos Aires? Para contestarla debemos tomar diversos métodos de extracción, calcular las instalaciones respectivas para cada uno de ellos y en base a ellas hacer el cálculo económico. En este trabajo estudiamos un método de extracción, hemos elegido el que aparentemente es más sencillo: Liberación del bromo por oxidación de los bromuros contenidos en el agua con cloro, liberación de aquel con aire y subsiguiente fijación en solución de carbonato alcalino, sobre el hemos trabajado determinando los valares básicos para su proyectado en dos de sus etapas fundamentales, como son la liberación y fijación; estudios posteriores nos darán valores de otros métodos, los que nos permitirán un estudio económico completo.
Non-growth or social collapse?!
Authors: Pesuth Tamás
Published: September 2023

Review of the book by Zoltán Pogátsa: Sustainable Economy or Social Collaps