bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the impact of horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986) on photosynthesis of common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753)
Authors: Holoborodko K. K. , Alekseeva A. A. , Seliutina O. V. , Gorban V. A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of studies on Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986 feeding on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753. The studies were carried out in June 2019 (during the life of C. ohridella first generation) on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. Photosynthesis is one of the processes most susceptible to stress factors; important information on state of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under influence of various abiotic and biotic factors can be obtained by fluorescence analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence is an indicator that allow to investigate a behavior of photochemical reactions related to system II (PSII) in living objects as an indicator the most sensitive to effect of environmental factors. One of the effective methods for plant state monitoring is a technique on chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) measurement, which at the present stage can be introduced due to the use of biosensors. The objective of our study was to establish characteristics of C. ohridella vital activity on the photosynthesis process in A. hippocastanum trees using CFI evaluation technique. To diagnose photosynthesis violation of native chlorophyll in a living leaf of A. hippocastanum, we used a portable fluorometer “Floratest” (spectral range for measuring fluorescence intensity 670 to 770 nm) developed by V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The studies were conducted using alive A. hippocastanum leaves not damaged by C. ohridella and, accordingly, the damaged ones. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the worm feeding affects all CFI parameters (initial CFI value (non-damaged leaf: 582 relative units, damaged: 264); “plateau” CFI value (1460 to 722); maximum CFI (1890 to 940) and stationary CFI value after light adaptation of the leaf (1530 to 746)). Our studies have shown that CFI technique using “Floratest” apparatus allow express determining the general condition of the plant by assessing the main process of vital activity, namely photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the phytophage effect on the plant.
Sobre el concepto de dolor total
Authors: Fajardo-Chica David
Published: December 2020

El dolor de los pacientes de cáncer ha sido descrito como “dolor total”. Tanto en la literatura científica, los libros de texto, así como en informes y directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el concepto de “dolor total” ha servido de trasfondo para promover la atención multidisciplinaria de pacientes cuyo dolor involucra también aspectos psicológicos, emocionales, espirituales y sociales. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una caracterización del concepto de “dolor total” de manera tal que continúe jugando un papel central en la promoción de la atención multidisciplinaria propia de la medicina paliativa. Primero, se presenta un bosquejo del concepto y de los diferentes usos en la literatura. Segundo, se hace un contraste con la definición del dolor de la Asociación Internacional para el Estudio del Dolor (IASP) para establecer la naturaleza y referente del concepto de “dolor total”. Tercero, se muestra como esta caracterización del concepto disuelve algunas tensiones en la literatura respecto a su uso adecuado. En breve, se plantea que el concepto de “dolor total” hace referencia a aquellas relaciones causales entre el dolor y los estados psicológicos, emocionales, espirituales y sociales que han sido identificadas como susceptibles de ser intervenidas por el modelo de atención paliativa multidisciplinar. Como conclusión, se recomienda no vincular al concepto de “dolor total” con el padecimiento de una enfermedad en particular, ni con qué tan limitante para la vida es la enfermedad, tampoco para referirse a la “experiencia global" del paciente, ni como un punto máximo de una escala.
Epidemiology of snakebites in Colombia (2008-2016)
Authors: León-Núñez Leonardo José , Camero-Ramos Gabriel , Gutiérrez José María
Published: December 2020

Objective To describe the main epidemiological features of snakebites in Colombia during the period 2008 to 2016.Methods A retrospective (quantitative) descriptive analytical empirical study was carried out, based on the official databases of the Public Health Surveillance in the Integral Information System of the Social Protection (SISPRO) and the Surveillance System in Public Health (Sivigila) of the reported cases of snakebites in Colombia for that period.Results In total, 37 066 cases were reported, with annual incidences ranging from 7.0 (2008) to 9.7 (2011 and 2012) cases per 100,000 population. Mortality rates ranged from 0.059 (2013) to 0.091 (2011) deaths per 100 000 population, with case fatality rates ranging from 0.6% (2013) to 1.0% (2010). Indigenous and Afro-Colombian populations were highly affected, and highest incidences occurred in males, and in people living in rural areas. The average age of affected people is 31.7 years (95% CI 28.3 34.5). The regions with higher incidence are Amazonia and Orinoquia. Species of the genus Bothrops are responsible for the highest number of bites (64.5%), owing to their wide distribution in Colombia. Regarding clinical manifestations, pain and edema were observed in 86.9% and 78.8% of patients, respectively. Cellulitis and abscesses were the most frequent local complications of these envenomings.Conclusions Results underscore the relevance of snakebite envenoming in Colombia, and provide information for improving the public health attention to these envenoming.
El educador para la salud en la salud pública
Authors: Loboa Rodriguez Nelly Johanna , Betancurth Loaiza Diana Paola
Published: December 2020

Este ensayo expone cómo el educador para la salud, en su quehacer en el campo de la salud pública tradicional, solventa formas de relación con los educandos, enmarcadas en la preponderancia del modelo biomédico, a través de la imposición de significados y valores situados en una concepción biologista de la enfermedad que ha invisibilizado a la salud. En contraste, se presenta la perspectiva crítica de la salud pública alternativa como una posibilidad de resignificar la práctica del educador para la salud. A partir de actuaciones en las que la salud se entiende como un constructo social; el presente artículo busca potenciar abordajes más coherentes con la realidad de los problemas complejos relacionados con la salud desde su conexión con la vida.
Listen! Let me tell you a story
Authors: Kläs Anne , Birkner Thomas
Published: December 2020

Diese Studie untersucht deutsche True Crime-Podcasts unter Einbezug der Nachrichtenwert-theorie sowie des Qualitätsbegriffs im Journalismus. Mit einer explorativen, qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von neun Folgen aus insgesamt drei deutschen True Crime-Podcasts soll herausgefunden werden, ob es sich bei dieser innovativen, auditiven Form mehr um Berichterstattung oder um Storytelling handelt. Das Ergebnis: Der True Crime-Podcast ist ein Genre, welches beide Elemente vereinen kann. Denn hier werden Narrations- und Nachrichtenfaktoren kombiniert und so verschmelzen journalistische Darstellungsformen zu einer narrativen Berichterstattung, in der journalistische Qualitätskriterien dennoch von Bedeutung sind.
Kaffeepause-Podcast
Authors: Karla Jürgen
Published: December 2020

An der Hochschule Niederrhein werden Podcasts für die Wissenschaftskommunikation eingesetzt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Erfahrungen mit der Produktion von Podcasts in der Lehre durch Studierende dargestellt. Die Strukturierung erfolgt dabei anhand der Prozessschritte 1. Pre-Produktion – Konzeption, 2. Pre-Produktion – Redaktionsplanung und Briefing, 3. Produktion – Aufnahmetechnik und Aufnahmeprozess, 4. Post-Produktion – Schnitt und Audionachbearbeitung, 5. Publikation. Die gesammelten Erfahrungen werden dargestellt und die Weiterentwicklung des Projektes erläutert.
Bioavailability of butorphanol after intranasal administration to horses
Authors: Ferreira V. , Velloso M. , Landoni M.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present study was to describe butorphanol pharmacokinetics and bioavailability following intranasal administration to horses. Six adult horses received 0.05 mg/kg butorphanol, in a randomised crossover design, by either intravenous or intranasal route. Plasma concentrations of butorphanol were measured at predetermined time points using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assay. After intravenous injection, mean ±SD butorphanol steady-state volume of distribution and clearance was 3.20 ± 1.77 l/kg and 3.18 ± 1.47 L/kg/h, respectively. Terminal half-lives for butorphanol after intravenous and intranasal administrations were 0.68 ± 0.17 h and 1.79 ± 1.43 h. For intranasal administration, absorption half-life and peak plasma concentration were 0.43 ± 0.33 h and 1.95 ± 1.7 ng/mL, respectively. Bioavailability was 54.45 ± 20.09%. Intranasal butorphanol administration in horses is practical, not stressful and well tolerated. Therefore, it might be a substitute to the intravenous route in adult horses
Hypospadias in a Sheltie puppy: A case report
Authors: Kuznetsova T. , Fedulov A. , Fedulova E. , Semenov B. , Prusakov A.
Published: December 2020

Hypospadias in dogs is a rare pathology in the veterinary practice. The manifestation of hypospadias in dogs is diverse, since there is a varying degree of damage to the urogenital apparatus. The owners of a Sheltie puppy at the age of 3 days came to the clinic due to the difficulty of determining sex, the presence of inflammation of the anus and abdominal skin, defecation and urination violations. Clinical examination of the puppy showed a blind-closed preputial sac, absence of the ventral wall of the prepuce and an open urogenital urine trough was located in its place in the abdominal wall area. On examination of the puppy at the age of 28 days, hyperaemia and swelling of the anus were noted, as well as prolapse of the rectum. Findings of the examination at the age of 4 months consisted of drying of the mucous part of the open urogenital canal chute and accumulation of pus in the underdeveloped preputial sac. Bilateral cryptorchidism and the absence of the scrotum were also found out. A decision on the surgical treatment was made. The anus and the opening of the urethra were separated to form a urethrostomy in the scrotum and restore the integrity of the anus. On the 5th post operative day, oedema and stricture of the reconstructed urethra resulted in difficulty urinating, followed by the formation of urinary fistula in the perineal region below the anus opening. As a result of the chosen surgical treatment approach, the problem with contact dermatitis of the perineum and pollakiuria was solved.
THE STUDENT PORTFOLIO - INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR QUALITY OF THE PRACTICAL PEDAGOGICAL PREPARATION OF THE STUDENTS
Authors: Delcheva Tiha , Georgieva Elena
Published: December 2020

A model of a student portfolio for improving the quality and effectiveness of students’ pedagogical practical competencies during their practical academic preparation is presented. The structure of the model includes target, structural-content, organizational-procedural and evaluation block. Content and process of developing the learning portfolio reflects the level of formation of three key competencies of teachers: to work with others; to work with knowledge, technology and information; to work with society.

The technology includes a variety of reflexive exercises, variable-creative learning tasks with a dialogic style, with a practical focus, reflexive techniques, methods, tools and forms of organization.

The criteria for assessment and self-assessment are: professional-value-cognitive and professional-operational-active. The indicators are: motivational; cognitive-two-way reflexive grounded analysis/ self-analysis; peer assessment and self-assessment; variable-creative proposals.
ATTITUDES AND SELF-EFFICACY OF TEACHERS TOWARD INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN MOTOR EDUCATION
Authors: Terzieva Galena
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to analyze the attitudes and self-efficacy of current and future preschool and primary teachers for the inclusion of children with various disabilities in general physical education classes. This article presents the results related to children with visual impairments.

The study covers a contingent of 723 people – 240 preschool teachers, 143 primary teachers and 340 students graduating in “Preschool and primary school pedagogy”.

The main method of research is the questionnaire. Participants filled in modified and adapted versions of two questionnaires: “Attitudes toward Teaching Individuals with Physical Disabilities in Physical Education – ATIPDPE” by Kudlachek and “Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education of Teacher Education Majors toward Inclusion – SE-PETE-D” by Blok.

The results show that the respondents have relatively positive inclusive attitudes and are rather confident in their ability to include a child with a visual impairment in inclusive physical education.
Oral probiotics – the key to successful pregnancy
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Zhuk S.I. , Us I.V. ,   Perinatal center, Kiev, Szlachta A.A. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The relationship between the intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis was explained. The necessity of correction of disbiotical changes with usage oral probiotics, in particular Laktovit Forte was demonstrated. The terms of prophylactical administration Laktovit Forte during pregnancy were described. Key words: microbiocenosis of the intestine and the vagina, bacterial vaginosis, pregnancy, probiotics, Laktovit Forte.
The prolonged hormonal contraception: prophylaxis of not planned pregnancy and disturbances of genesial health
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Adamchuk N.V.
Published: December 2020

The objective: depression of frequency of side effects at women who used various methods of the prolonged hormonal contraception and complications at the subsequent pregnancy and labors on the basis of the differentiated approach to their application taking into account clinical, endocrinologic, the ehografical, microbiological and psychological features, and also algorithm of preparation for the subsequent pregnancy. Patients and methods. Аt 1 stage influence of three types hormonal a rileasing of systems on condition of genesial health of 250 women was studied. At the 2nd stage features of clinical course of pregnancy and labors at 80 patients who used various hormonal system rileasing were studied. Results. All types hormonal rileasing of systems have high contraceptive effect and are especially shown to women with gynecologic case rate (vaginal and transdermal at premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrheas; the endometrial – at hyperplastic processes of uterus and an adenomyosis), thus side effects arise within 3 months, and then independently disappear and don’t demand additional correction. Conclusion. Women who plan the subsequent realization of genesial function, advantages should give advantages to vaginal and transdermalny rileasing-systems. Key words: the prolonged hormonal contraception, pregnancy, genesial health, prophylaxis.
Inequality of opportunity – gender bias in education in Pakistan
Authors:   dr, Department of Economics, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland, Tusińska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

The subject matter of the paper is inequality of opportunity (IO). Contemporarily, as part of IO, gender bias in education is most likely to be a constraint for growth and development in developing countries. The focus is on gender bias in education in Pakistan, which is a widely discussed problem thanks to the Nobel Prize laureate Malali Yousufzai. The goal is to present the premise and potential consequences of unequal access to education for Pakistanis, and to bring the specifics of the country into clearer focus. The thesis is that gender bias in education in Pakistan is determined by various and deeply rooted factors that place equal access to education in the realm of a distant goal, hampering the growth and development of the economy. The research methods used were a critique of the literature, analysis of statistical data, documents and online sources as well as elements of case study. Plans concerning education have been sketched in SDG-4 and in the document “Pakistan 2025”, but despite some improvements, Pakistan is still a country where one’s future depends on whether one is male or female. A lack of access to education for girls is part of a broader landscape of gender and spatial inequality. The findings suggest that the main circumstances for the exclusion of girls from education are culture, poverty and the state. If recommendations for these areas are not implemented, gender bias will remain one of the barriers to the growth and development of Pakistan.
Regional household poverty and mobility analysis – a transition probability approach
Authors:   mgr, Chair of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, Poland, Mowczan Damian
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this paper was to estimate and analyse transition-probability matrices for all 16 of Poland’s NUTS-2 level regions (voivodeship level). The analysis is conducted in terms of the transitions among six expenditure classes (per capita and per equivalent unit), focusing on poverty classes. The period of analysis was two years: 2015 and 2016. The basic aim was to identify both those regions in which the probability of staying in poverty was the highest and the general level of mobility among expenditure classes. The study uses a two-year panel sub-sample of unidentified unit data from the Central Statistical Office (CSO), specifically the data concerning household budget surveys. To account for differences in household size and demographic structure, the study used expenditures per capita and expenditures per equivalent unit simultaneously. To estimate the elements of the transition matrices, a classic maximum-likelihood estimator was used. The analysis used Shorrocks’ and Bartholomew’s mobility indices to assess the general mobility level and the Gini index to assess the inequality level. The results show that the one-year probability of staying in the same poverty class varies among regions and is lower for expenditures per equivalent units. The highest probabilities were identified in Podkarpackie (expenditures per capita) and Opolskie (expenditures per equivalent unit), and the lowest probabilities in Kujawsko-Pomorskie (expenditures per capita) and Małopolskie (expenditures per equivalent unit). The highest level of general mobility was noted in Małopolskie, for both categories of expenditures.
Inclusive development. How is Poland doing in comparison to other OECD countries?
Authors:   dr hab., Department of Economic Policy, University of Gdańsk, Poland, Szymańska Anita , Zielenkiewicz Małgorzata ,   dr, Department of Microeconomics, University of Gdańsk, Poland
Published: December 2020

Inclusive development is a multifaceted conception, which makes it difficult to measure. Recent years, however, have brought some proposals for measuring this phenomenon, which opens up new opportunities to deepen the knowledge of how countries are doing in making their economic and social progress more inclusive. The aim of the paper is to examine the level of advancement of inclusive development in Poland in comparison to other OECD countries. The main hypothesis states that the development in Poland is less inclusive than the OECD average. The research covers data from 30 countries (OECD members, excluding the countries where such data were unavailable), and is based on the OECD’s proposal of measurement. The study was conducted with the use of data normalisation into unified indices, taxonomic methods (cluster analysis based on the Ward hierarchic method), and comparative analysis. The results indicate areas of improvement for Poland. These are issues connected with the functioning of the labour market (the level of labour productivity, employment ratio, earnings dispersion), access to loans for starting or expanding businesses, but also life expectancy, wealth distribution, early childhood education and care, and, most of all, characteristics related to the area of governance, such as trust in the government, and voter turnout.
The impact of agricultural policy on income diversity among farmers in the European Union in 2005–2017
Authors:   dr hab. prof. PUEB, Department of Macroeconomics and Agricultural Economics, Institute of Economics, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poland, Smędzik-Ambroży Katarzyna , Sapa Agnieszka ,   dr hab. prof. PUEB, Department of Macroeconomics and Agricultural Economics, Institute of Economics, Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poland
Published: December 2020

The aim of paper is to answer to the question whether the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy reduces the differences in the average agricultural income between the EU-15 countries and those that joined the EU in 2004. The hypothesis was assumed that the CAP subsidies reduce the differences in agricultural income between these two groups of countries. Spreads between average income of farmers from the old and new members were calculated. The analysis is carried out in two variants. In the first one, the agricultural income does not include the CAP support, in the second one the agricultural income covers all CAP subsidies. The spatial scope of research involves two groups of countries: EU-15 (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Finland, Austria and Sweden) and EU-8 (the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia). The subjective scope of the survey covers representative farms from the EU countries (representing 4,045,300–5,295,930 farms in the EU countries, depending on the investigated year). The time frame of the analyses concerns the years 2005–2017. The data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) are used. The study positively verifies the hypothesis that: subsidies from the CAP cause a decrease in the differences in average agricultural income between the EU-15 and the EU-8 countries. This contributes to an increase in economic sustainability and in the territorial cohesion of agriculture for the EU countries.
CLUSTER DE SINTOMAS E O IMPACTO NA QUALIDADE DE SAÚDE GLOBAL DE PACIENTES COM CÂNCER AVANÇADO
Authors: Mello Iza Rodrigues , Guimarães Noélly Maura de Jesus , Monteiro Luana Silva , Taets Gunnar Glauco De Cunto Carelli
Published: December 2020

Introdução: os pacientes com câncer podem apresentar múltiplos sintomas que se inter-relacionam, formando os chamados clusters ou agrupamentos de sintomas. Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre um cluster de sintomas e a qualidade de saúde global de pacientes com câncer avançado. Método: estudo analítico, transversal, do qual participaram 146 pacientes. Foram utilizados instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica e de avaliação de qualidade de vida - European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer. Para análise dos dados, aplicaram-se os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFRJ-Campus Macaé sob nº 2.821.570. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre julho de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020 e foi utilizado o questionário 30-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), versão 3. Resultados: a correlação de Spearman mostrou uma correlação positiva entre o escore final da escala de sintomas e o escore final da avaliação global da saúde (ρ = 0,605; p<0,001). Além disso, observou-se que o incremento de 1 ponto na pergunta “Precisou descansar?” associou-se com aumento de 5,87 pontos no escore da qualidade da saúde global (p<0,01), para a pergunta “Sentiu-se cansado/a?”, 6,14 pontos (p<0,01) e “Teve falta de ar?”, 5,08 pontos (p<0,01). Conclusão: existe uma correlação positiva entre o cluster de sintomas composto por dor, fadiga, dispneia, náusea, vômito, insônia, inapetência, constipação, diarreia e a qualidade de saúde global de pacientes com câncer.
Mathematical modeling of single action pressing of powder materials under dry friction conditions
Authors: Karpov S. V. , Stel’makh L. S. , Stolin A. M.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the single action pressing of powder materials featuring plasticity and compressibility. It takes into account dry external friction between the die material and side walls, which determines the strong nonlinearity of the problem considered. This problem has a number of features that complicate its numerical solution: the presence of external friction, the elastic-plastic law of material behavior description, as well as the calculation of large displacements and, as a consequence, strong geometric nonlinearity. To consider these features, a combination of Fleck–Kuhn–McMeeking and Gurson– Tvergaard–Needleman models was used to consider a wide range of changes in the porosity of materials. The numerical solution of the problem was carried out using finite element analysis with isoparametric elements. The increment of plastic deformations at each step was determined from nonlinear equations of plastic flow. Stresses at the Gaussian points were updated according to the specified increments of deformations to calculate the material behavior during deformation. Unknown density and strain values as functions of coordinate and time were calculated. The influence of the different height-to-diameter ratio of the blank and the value of external friction of the material stress-strain state and compaction kinetics were considered. The distribution of equivalent stresses and the value of volumetric plastic deformations in the material, as well as the nonuniformity of relative density at the end of the pressing period were studied. The theoretical analysis made it possible to study the basic compaction kinetics laws for powder materials with nonuniform density under conditions of dry friction on side walls. The results obtained are relevant for predicting possible negative changes in the blank geometry when implementing the single action pressing scheme for powder materials.
Influence of Ti and B powder mixing modes on mixture properties and SHS composite microstructure
Authors: Bogatov Yu. V. , Shcherbakov V. A.
Published: December 2020

The paper studies the influence of mixing modes for titanium and boron powder mixtures with the 81.5 % Ti + 18.5 % B composition in a ball mill on the process characteristics of mixtures, combustion parameters, and microstructure of SHS composites. It is shown that the dependence of the electrical resistivity on the density of charge compacts for the composition under study can be used as a criterion for mixing quality, mixture uniformity. It is noted that an increase in the grinding media mass includes the mechanism of mechanical activation (MA) of mixtures. Dependences of the burning speed and temperature on density were obtained for all the mixtures under study. Burning speeds for mixtures subjected to mechanical activation (Мch/Мball = 1 : 7; 1 : 12) and without it (Мch/Мball = 1 : 4) differ significantly. Mechanically activated mixtures feature by differences in burning speeds depending on the charge compact thickness. Thin compacts burn at a higher speed. The burning speed of mixtures without MA (in case of smaller grinding media masses) does not depend on the compact thickness. Maximum burning temperatures of all the mixtures studied have insignificant differences depending on the density, mixing time and grinding media mass. There was also no any effect of the compact thickness on the burning temperature observed. The structure of SHS composites depends on mixing modes. The finely dispersed structure of composites with titanium diboride grains (less than 1 μm) and a titanium-based binder phase can be obtained only from MA mixtures. Alloys with a structure consisting mainly of elongated titanium monoboride grains (up to 40 μm) and a binder phase of a solid solution of boron in titanium were synthesized of the mixtures for which mechanical activation processes are not essential.
Influence of thermal cycling modes on VK8 hard alloy mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Bogodukhov S. I. , Kozik E. S. , Svidenko E. V.
Published: December 2020

Hard alloys are popular materials widely used in the toolmaking industry. Refractory carbides included in their composition make carbide tools very hard (80 to 92 HRA) and heat-resistant (800 to 1000 °С) so as they can be used at cutting speeds several times higher than those used for high-speed steels. However, hard alloys differ from the latter by lower strength (1000 to 1500 MPa) and the absence of impact strength, and this constitutes an urgent problem. We studied the influence of thermal cycling modes on the mechanical and tribological properties of VK8 (WC–8Co) hard alloy used in the manufacture of cutters and cutting inserts for metal working on metal-cutting machines. As the object of study, we selected 5×5×35 mm billets made of VK8 (WC–8Co) alloy manufactured by powder metallurgy methods at Dimitrovgrad Tool Plant. The following criteria were selected for heat treatment mode evaluation: Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and mass wear resistance (as compared to the wear of asreceived samples that were not heat treated). Plates in the initial state and after heat treatment were subjected to abrasion tests. Wear results were evaluated by the change in the mass of plates. Regularities of the influence of various time and temperature conditions of heat treatment on the tribological properties of products made of VK group tungsten hard alloys were determined. An increase in the number of thermal cycling cycles improved such mechanical properties of the VK8 hard alloy as strength and hardness. When repeating the cycles five times, an increase in abrasive wear resistance was obtained compared to the initial nonheat-treated sample. The elemental composition of the VK8 hard alloy changed insignificantly after thermal cycling, only a slight increase in oxygen was observed on the surface of plates. The grain size after thermal cycling increased in comparison with the initial VK8 hard alloy. It was found that VK8 hard alloy thermocyclic treatment leads to a change in the phase composition. X-ray phase analysis showed the presence of a large amount of α-Co with an hcp-type lattice on the surface of a hard alloy and a solid solution of WC in α-Co. A change in the cobalt modification ratio causes a decrease in microstresses. An analysis of the carbide phase structure state showed that the size of crystallites and microstresses changed after thermal cycling. The lattice constant of the cobalt cubic solid solution decreased, which may indicate a decrease in the amount of tungsten carbide and carbon dissolved in it. Statistical processing of experimental results included the calculation of the average value of the mechanical property, its dispersion and standard deviation in the selected confidence interval.
Nanostructured strain-hardened aluminum-magnesium alloys modified by C60 fullerene obtained by powder metallurgy Part 2. The effect of magnesium concentration on physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Evdokimov I. A. , Khayrullin R. R. , Bagramov R. Kh. , Perfilov S. A. , Pozdnyakov A. A. , Aksenenkov V. V. , Kulnitskiy B. A.
Published: December 2020

This paper is intended to continue the studies of magnesium effects on the structural phase composition, physical and mechanical properties of the nanostructured strain-hardened aluminum-magnesium alloys modified with C60 fullerene [1]. Previously obtained mechanically alloyed composite powders [1] were consolidated by direct hot extrusion method. Consolidation parameters were chosen based on previous studies of the structure and phase composition formation during mechanical alloying and heat treatment. It was found that an increase in magnesium concentration improves mechanical properties of extruded nanosructured composite materials, and additives modified by C60 fullerene stabilize the grain structure and slow down decomposition of α solid solution of magnesium in aluminum to 300 °C. Under similar thermobaric treatment Al82Mg18 (AMg18) not modified with C60 demonstrates a reduced α solid solution lattice constant and an increased average crystallite size. These processes are accompanied by sequential formation of γ, β′, and β phases, while γ and β′ are intermediate phases. The grain structure of extruded samples is typical for materials obtained in this way – grains are closely packed, elongated and oriented along the extrusion axis. The grain structure of extruded samples inherits the morphology of mechanically alloyed powders. Thus, mechanical alloying methods followed by intense plastic deformation (extrusion) improved mechanical properties significantly. Materials with ultimate tensile strength of 880 MPa; ultimate bending strength of 1100 MPa; microhardness up to 3300 MPa; and with the same density of 2.4–2.6 g/cm3 were obtained. This result demonstrates the prospects for using powder metallurgy techniques in the production of new nanostructured composite materials modified by C60 fullerene with improved physical and mechanical properties.
Opening Science and Innovation: Opportunities for Emerging Economies
Authors:   Sao Paulo State University, Campus de Marilia, Ottonicar Selma Leticia Capinzaiki , Arraiza Paloma Marin ,   Sao Paulo State University, Campus de Marilia, Fabiano Armellini ,   Polytechnique Montreal
Published: December 2020

Open innovation allows partnerships between business through knowledge sharing. The mission of open science is to encourage information sharing about academic research. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of open science to open innovation and vice versa, especially in the context of emerging economies. Furthermore, it aims to show the results of the intersection between university and innovation companies. The methodology was based on a systematic literature review to understand how researchers have been studying the subject. It also focuses on the relevance of open innovation and open science to business management and information science fields. Therefore, the connection between open science and open innovation is fundamental to encourage partnership between business and university. This kind of partnership contributes to the economy of developing countries, so business can become more competitive.
Theoretical foundations of the development of higher mental functions in primary schoolchildren in the context of inclusive education
Authors:   Kuban State University. Krasnodar, Russia, Oleshkevich Marina A. , Azletskaya Elena N. ,   Kuban State University. Krasnodar, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the definition of the concept of higher mental functions. It has been determined that primary school age is a very important stage in the development of a child's personality, and in particular, higher mental functions. Going to school brings major changes in a child's life. The whole way of his life, his social position, position in the collective, family is completely changed. Attention is paid to the concept and essence of inclusive education. It is concluded that inclusive education involves the solution of both educational tasks and correctional, developmental, educational. One of the directions in the work in the conditions of this training is the development of the cogni-tive sphere, higher mental functions. In the context of inclusive education, systematic and purposeful work is carried out to develop the higher mental functions of both chil-dren with normal development and children with disabilities.
Propension to risk in teenagers and young people
Authors:   Kuban state University. Krasnodar, Russia, Semyonova Anna V.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a study of the problem of predisposition to risk in teenagers and young adults. The article describes the features of the manifestation of risky behavior, considers the constructive and destructive types of manifestation of risk in adolescence. The theoretical study examines the biological basis of the need for predisposition to risk in adolescence, as well as characterological fea-tures that indicate varying degrees of risk predisposition and change throughout a per-son's life. The presented work will be useful for students of pedagogical and psychological areas of education, teachers of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, teachers, parents of teenagers, educational psychologists, practicing psychologists in the area of family counseling, as well as individual counseling for.
Gaming as a sociocultural phenomenon in modern pedagogical science
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilina Krasnodar, Russia, Nikitin Grigory M.
Published: December 2020

. Gaming is a peculiar phenomenon of the information age, which combines the inherent human desire for competition, rivalry, play with the modern capabilities of in-formation technology. Gamers are not only game participants, they become part of vir-tual reality through identity with their avatars, game images, representing one of the "products" of electronic culture, by which we mean the totality of the results of creativi-ty and communication of people in the context of the introduction of IT innovations, characterized by the creation of a single information space, virtual form of expression, distance technology, content liberality. Gamers are both subjects of electronic culture, and at the same time its product, since their hobby and form of communication are generated by information technologies. The article examines a new social phenomenon of modern society - the phenomenon of "gaming" or as it is now commonly called in pedagogical literature - the phenomenon of "gamification", "gamification", "gamification". "Gamification" or "gamification" is a different application of approaches typical for computer games in software tools for non-game processes in order to attract users, consumers and students, increase their involvement in solving applied problems, using products and services. The article describes a new pedagogical technology - the technology of "gamification", which is a new way of organizing learning. This technology, according to scientists, has great pedagogical potential. Pedagogical technology of "gamification": - strengthens the motivation of schoolchildren to pay more attention to educational ac-tivities; - increases the likelihood of achieving the goal; - during the game, involvement in the educational process is maintained.
Formation of social competencies among pupils of the CVS in the conditions of their adaptation in foster families.
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University Moscow, Russia, Feoktistova Marta A. , Scherbina Anna I. ,   Moscow State Pedagogical University Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article raises the topic of the formation of social competencies among pupils of centers for the promotion of family education. The issues of adaptation of orphans in foster families are also considered. The aim of the work is to study the formation of social competencies in pupils and graduates of the Centers for the Promotion of Family Education, as well as children from foster families. It was assumed that the full-fledged formation of social competencies in orphans is difficult without the support of a foster family. The tasks were solved: to study the concept of social competences and the peculiarities of their formation; to determine the differences in social competencies among children from foster families and pupils of the Centers for the Promotion of Family Education; to form social competences in a child. Methods for the formation of social, personal and other competencies are very diverse. It is important to select them, paying attention to the age, psychological and physiological state of the child.
Studying Cultural Heritage at San Marco Square for the 58th Art Biennale
Authors: Christiansen Elias Melvin
Published: December 2020

The study of cultural heritage was central to the CRAFT international workshop held at the Art Biennale in Venice in 2019 for students of architecture, engineering, art history and philosophy. For some of the students, the focus was on the cultural heritage at San Marco Square. This essay is a short reflection about the outcome of this workshop in regard to using cultural heritage in the teaching of contemporary students.
UTJECAJ PRUŽANJA NEREVIZORSKIH USLUGA NA ODNOS ISTICANJA PITANJA VREMENSKE NEOGRANIČENOSTI POSLOVANJA I UPRAVLJANJA ZARADOM
Authors:   Sveučilište u Splitu, Sveučilišni odjel za forenzične znanosti, Filipović Ivica , Šušak Toni , Krvavac Barbara
Published: December 2020

Pružanje nerevizorskih usluga nerijetko se ističe u kontekstu potencijalnog ugrožavanja neovisnosti revizora koja može imati reperkusije na izvješće neovisnog revizora. Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrđivanje utjecaja razine upravljanja zaradom na isticanje pitanja vremenske neograničenosti poslovanja u revizorskom izvješću, uzimajući u obzir moderatorsko djelovanje pružanja nerevizorskih usluga od strane eksternog revizora. Razina upravljanja zaradom procijenjena je s pomoću vrijednosti diskrecijskih obračunskih stavki koja je izračunata korištenjem Modificiranim Jones modelom. Uzorak istraživanja obuhvaća 93 nefinancijska trgovačka društva koja su kotirala na tržištu kapitala u Republici Hrvatskoj u vremenskom razdoblju od 2014. do 2018. Podaci prikupljeni za navedeno razdoblje analiziraju se primjenom logističke regresije za panel podatke. Na temelju rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti kako pružanje nerevizorskih usluga od strane revizorskog društva nema statistički značajan utjecaj na odnos upravljanja zaradom i isticanja pitanja vremenske neograničenosti poslovanja u izvješću neovisnog revizora.
The Normal-Faulting 2020 Mw 5.8 Lone Pine, Eastern California, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Hauksson Egill , Olson Brian , Grant Alex , Andrews Jennifer R. , Chung Angela I. , Hough Susan E. , Kanamori Hiroo , McBride Sara K. , Michael Andrew J. , Page Morgan , Ross Zachary E. , Smith Deborah E. , Valkaniotis Sotiris
Published: December 2020

The 2020 Mw 5.8 Lone Pine earthquake, the largest earthquake on the Owens Valley fault zone, eastern California, since the nineteenth century, ruptured an extensional stepover in that fault. Owens Valley separates two normal-faulting regimes, the western margin of the Great basin and the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada, forming a complex seismotectonic zone, and a possible nascent plate boundary. Foreshocks began on 22 June 2020; the largest Mw 4.7 foreshock occurred at ∼6  km depth, with primarily normal faulting, followed ∼40  hr later on 24 June 2020 by an Mw 5.8 mainshock at ∼7  km depth. The sequence caused overlapping ruptures across a ∼0.25  km2 area, extended to ∼4  km2, and culminated in an ∼25  km2 aftershock area. The mainshock was predominantly normal faulting, with a strike of 330° (north-northwest), dipping 60°–65° to the east-northeast. Comparison of background seismicity and 2020 Ridgecrest aftershock rates showed that this earthquake was not an aftershock of the Ridgecrest mainshock. The Mw–mB relationship and distribution of ground motions suggest typical rupture speeds. The aftershocks form a north-northwest-trending, north-northeast-dipping, 5 km long distribution, consistent with the rupture length estimated from analysis of regional waveform data. No surface rupture was reported along the 1872 scarps from the 2020 Mw 5.8 mainshock, although, the dipping rupture zone of the Mw 5.8 mainshock projects to the surface in the general area. The mainshock seismic energy triggered rockfalls at high elevations (>3.0  km) in the Sierra Nevada, at distances of 8–20 km, and liquefaction along the western edge of Owens Lake. Because there were ∼30% fewer aftershocks than for an average southern California sequence, the aftershock forecast probabilities were lower than expected. ShakeAlert, the earthquake early warning system, provided first warning within 9.9 s, as well as subsequent updates.
Proposiciones sobre la teoría y la regulación de la invalidez de los actos administrativos
Authors: Santamaría Pastor Juan Alfonso
Published: December 2020

El trabajo pretende llevar a cabo una nueva delimitación de los conceptos básicos de la teoría de la invalidez de los actos administrativos (eficacia e ineficacia, ilegalidad, validez e invalidez). En una segunda parte, analiza los aspectos fundamentales de su regulación en la Ley 39/2015, poniendo de manifiesto sus debilidades.
La contratación administrativa ante la COVID-19
Authors: Pascua Mateo Fabio
Published: December 2020

La crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19 ha tenido especial incidencia en la contratación administrativa. Primeramente, porque ha debido solucionar el desabastecimiento de determinados suministros básicos para la protección de la salud ante el crecimiento exponencial de la demanda mundial, que en España se ha visto acrecentado por la inicial centralización de las compras y la previsión de requisas, que ha podido disuadir a potenciales contratistas. A tal fin, el legislador de urgencia ha optado por favorecer la tramitación de emergencia, opción que debe respetar los principios exigidos por el derecho de la Unión. Respecto de la contratación ordinaria, se ha debido reaccionar frente a la inicial interrupción de las nuevas licitaciones por la suspensión de plazos acordada con el estado de alarma, a la vez que para los contratos vigentes se han arbitrado medidas para compensar a los contratistas en el caso de que las medidas acordadas hayan imposibilitado cumplir con la prestación. Finalmente, en materia de recursos, se estudia la posibilidad de extender el recurso especial a todos los contratos con independencia de su cuantía, como medio para aliviar el previsible atasco judicial.