bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of GPR37L1 in murine blood pressure regulation and human cardiac disease pathophysiology
Authors: Mouat Margaret A. , Coleman James L. J. , Wu Jianxin , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Feneley Michael P. , Graham Robert M. , Smith Nicola J.
Published: September 2021

This study characterizes systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a Gpr37l1 knockout mouse line, which was previously reported to have ∼60 mmHg higher SBP compared with a transgenic line. We observed only a ∼27 mmHg SBP difference between the lines. However, when compared with C57BL/6J mice, knockout mice showed no difference in SBP. We also investigated GPR37L1 mRNA abundance in human hearts and observed no difference between healthy and failing heart samples.
Regulatory Mechanism for Absence Seizures in Bidirectional Interactive Thalamocortical Model via Different Targeted Therapy Schemes
Authors: Zhang Hudong , Tan Xiaolong , Pan Yufeng , Chai Yuan
Published: September 2021

Recent clinical practice has found that the spike-wave discharge (SWD) scopes of absence seizures change from small cortical region to large thalamocortical networks, which has also been proved by theoretical simulation. The best biophysics explanation is that there are interactions between coupled cortico-thalamic and thalamocortical circuits. To agree with experiment results and describe the phenomena better, we constructed a coupled thalamocortical model with bidirectional channel (CTMBC) to account for the causes of absence seizures which are connected by the principle of two-way communication of neural pathways. By adjusting the coupling strength of bidirectional pathways, the spike-wave discharges are reproduced. Regulatory mechanism for absence seizures is further applied to CTMBC via four different targeted therapy schemes, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), charge-balanced biphasic pulse (CBBP), coordinated reset stimulation (CRS) 1 : 0, and (CRS) 3 : 2. The new CTMBC model shows that neurodiversity in bidirectional interactive channel could supply theory reference for the bidirectional communication mode of thalamocortical networks and the hypothesis validation of pathogenesis.
Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Steroid Saponins Isolated from Rhizoma Paridis
Authors: Liu Fen , Li Luning , Tian Xinchen , Zhang Dengtian , Sun Wenxue , Jiang Shulong
Published: September 2021

Rhizoma Paridis, the rhizome of liliaceous plants Paris polyphylla, is one of the most commonly used herbal drugs in China. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have shown that steroid saponins were the major effective ingredients of Rhizoma Paridis to exert antitumor, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, and antifibrosis functions. In this review, we discussed the chemical structures of steroid saponins and their related biological activity and mechanisms in cellular and animal models, aiming to provide a reference for future comprehensive exploitation and development of saponins.
Biochar Derived from Domestic Sewage Sludge: Influence of Temperature Pyrolysis on Biochars’ Chemical Properties and Phytotoxicity
Authors: Zoghlami Rahma Inès , Hechmi Sarra , Weghlani Rihab , Jedidi Naceur , Moussa Mohamed
Published: September 2021

The pyrolytic conversion of domestic sewage sludge (SS) into biochar is a promising method to reduce its large volume and recycle its high-value fuel gas as renewable energy and the use of its chemicals as soil fertilizers. Even though the effects of pyrolysis temperature on energy recovery have been extensively studied, little information has been found on nutrient recovery and biochar’s phytotoxicity before its reuse as a soil amendment. This study aims to investigate the ideal pyrolysis temperature that guarantees higher fertility levels as well as meeting quality standards for land disposal. Accordingly, air-dried domestic sewage sludge has been pyrolyzed at 260°C (PSS1), at 420°C (PSS2), and at 610°C (PSS3) with a residence time of 20, 40, and 60 minutes, respectively. The raw sewage sludge and the produced biochars have been analyzed to determine their volatile organic matter (VOM), mineral content (MC), nutrients’ level (total nitrogen TN, available phosphorus P, and potassium K), alkalinity (pH), and salinity (electrical conductivity EC and Na). The toxic effect of biochars derived from SS has been evaluated through the analysis of trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Zn) and their toxicity by measuring root elongation inhibition (REI). As expected, pyrolysis temperature has a significant impact on the biochars’ characteristics. This has been justified by higher VOM, TN, and P in the sewage sludge (SS) and the biochar (PSS1) produced at low temperature (260°C). However, higher pH, EC, Na, and K have been found in the biochars (PSS2 and PSS3) produced at higher temperature (420 and 610°C). The effect of pyrolysis temperature on trace metals concentrations has shown different patterns from one element to another, which indicates lower levels in the biochar (PSS2) produced at 420°C. As a result, the lowest REI has been observed in PSS2 compared to that in SS, PSS1, and PSS3, which highlights that 420°C is the ideal pyrolysis temperature for the safe reuse of SS as a soil amendment.
Marine Environment Monitoring Based on Virtual Reality and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Yuehong , Han Ying
Published: September 2021

In modern society, with the rapid increase of population and the serious shortage of resources, the marine environment has been destroyed; there are also many people who go out to sea without permission, regardless of the legal constraints, fishing. This kind of behavior leads the marine environment to get worse and worse, so the real-time monitoring of the marine environment is very necessary. The main article marine environment monitoring, virtual reality technology, and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm combine to improve the efficiency of monitoring and processing power of the data information. Through the application of virtual reality technology in the marine environment monitoring base and real-time simulation of the dynamics of the ocean, the monitoring personnel can understand the emergencies on the sea in time; the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is applied to the server receiving the data to classify the data. It is found in the experiment that when virtual reality technology and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm are not used, the data of marine environment monitoring takes more than 1.3 s to return to the server, but, after applying two advanced technologies, the return efficiency is greatly improved, and the time consumed is less than 0.82 s. The results show that virtual reality technology and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm can improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring, and through virtual reality technology, real-time monitoring of the marine environment can be achieved; in the absence of people out to sea, the actual situation on the sea can be clearly understood; and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm can improve the speed of data processing, so that the monitoring personnel can solve the problem faster.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Needs of English‐Chinese Translation Courses and Research on Teaching Strategies under the Background of Wireless Communication and Big Data
Authors: Gao Bei
Published: September 2021

The development of wireless communication technology and the widespread application of big data has accelerated the degree of globalization. Both English and Chinese are widely used languages internationally, and the cultural exchanges between the two occupy a very important proportion in the world. The society’s demand for English‐Chinese translation talents has increased, and colleges and universities have also taken measures to improve students’ English‐Chinese translation ability. This article analyzes the English‐Chinese translation course under the environment of wireless communication and big data, discusses the influence of the development of wireless communication and big data on the teaching of English‐Chinese translation, the problems existing in the teaching of English‐Chinese translation in colleges and universities, and gives solutions to the existing problems. Finally, using the method of online survey to investigate the current situation of English‐Chinese translation teaching in colleges and universities in the province, 245 valid questionnaires were recovered, only 87 of which indicated that their majors offered separate English translation courses, accounting for 35.51% of the total; 158 indicated their majors. There are no English translation courses, accounting for 64.49% of the total. Such a ratio does not match the overall demand for cultural exchanges in the context of the rapid development of wireless technology and big data. Therefore, the convenience brought by new technologies should be actively used to promote the development of the English‐Chinese translation teaching system in colleges and universities.
Examining the Effectiveness of Using Adaptive AI-Enabled e-Learning during the Pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Younes Sayed S.
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to identify the effect of using adaptive AI-enabled e-learning on developing digital content creative design skills among postgraduate students. The research tools included an achievement test and an observation checklist for rating the practical performance. Research results concluded that, regardless of learning styles, the proposed adaptive e-learning environment had a positive effect on developing both cognitive achievement and practical performance of digital content creative design skills. The results also indicated that there is a significant difference at the 0.01 level between the mean scores of the first experimental group’s students using the global learning style-based adaptive e-learning environment and the second experimental group’s students using the sequential learning style-based adaptive AI-enabled e-learning environment in the achievement test and observation checklist after measurement of digital content creative design skills in favor of the second experimental group’s students. The study provided a number of suggestions and recommendations for making the utmost use of various design layouts of adaptive AI-enabled e-learning environments in developing different cognitive and performance aspects of learning as well as taking full advantage of digital content creative design skills mastery in producing a plethora of advanced electronic educational applications in the foreseeable future.
Towards the Understanding of Damage Mechanism of Cemented Tailings Backfill
Authors: Wang Haijun
Published: September 2021

Recent studies have shown that the damage characteristics of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) are influenced significantly by the variation of cement‐tailings ratio, while the effects of other influencing factors remain unanswered. The CTB damage constitutive model, which takes the corrected coefficient of damage variable into consideration, and peak toughness are introduced to investigate the effects of fine tailings contents, curing ages, curing temperatures, and water‐to‐cement ratios (w/c) on the damage evolution laws, damage (DP), and specific energy (GP) at peak stress point of CTB. The results show that appropriate content of fine tailings could improve the compressive strength of CTB and reduce its damage evolution speed and DP. The damage growth rate of CTB decreases with curing age in early curing period and increases with higher curing temperature and w/c. DP of CTB takes on a descending trend with higher w/c and fine tailings content but shows an increase with curing age. There exists no significant relationship between DP and curing temperature. GP of CTB increases with curing age and higher curing temperature with a quadratic function but is on a decline with increases of fine tailings content and w/c with logarithmic and exponential function, respectively. The results obtained from our study have important application to the successful design of backfill structures in underground mines.
Establishment of the Quantitative Analysis of Multiindex in Euphorbia lathyris by the Single Marker Method for Euphorbia lathyris Based on the Quality by Design Concept
Authors: Xuehua Feng , Guangjiao Zhou , Ali Tao
Published: September 2021

Methods. The influences of methanol proportion, flow rate, column temperature, and injection volume in the mobile phase on the chromatographic resolution of chromatographic peak of euphorbia factor L1 were experimentally studied via Plackett–Burman design, and the key analysis parameters were screened out; the key analysis parameters were optimized through the central composite design, and the chromatographic analysis conditions were established. Euphorbia factor L1 was taken as the internal reference to construct the relative correction factors for L3 and L4 relative to L1, and their contents were calculated, thus realizing the QAMS. Meanwhile, the euphorbia factor L3 and euphorbia factor L4 were determined using the external standard method, and the differences of values measured by the external standard method from the values predicted by the QAMS method were compared, in an effort to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the QAMS method. Results. The methanol proportion and column temperature in the mobile phase were the key analysis parameters

P
<
0.05

, and the chromatographic conditions were determined as follows. The methanol/water ratio, column temperature, detection wavelength, flow rate, and injection volume were 60 : 40, 30°C, 275 nm, 1.0 mL/min, and 10 μL, respectively. A total of 20 batches of samples were determined by the QAMS method and external standard method; the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of L3 and L4 determination results were less than 2.0%, without any significant difference. Conclusion. The QbD-based QAMS method can be used to determine the contents of euphorbia factor L3 and euphorbia factor L4 in Euphorbia lathyris L., and it is accurate and feasible.
Will Port Integration Help Reduce Carbon Emissions and Improve Social Welfare?
Authors: Teng Zhuoqi , Li Xiaoli , Fang Yuantao , Fu Hailing
Published: September 2021

In the context of competition between two ports in Cournot, we studied optimal decision-making processes for the government and the port in four different situations before and after the integration of the port based on the subsidy and carbon tax mechanism. We analyzed the impacts of the carbon tax rate and emission reduction subsidy rate on social welfare and determined the optimal carbon tax rate, the optimal emission reduction subsidy rate, the optimal carbon emission level, and the optimal social welfare level in different situations. We also compared the optimal social welfare level and the optimal carbon emission level of the four situations before and after the integration. This research can be used as a policy reference for the government for the formation of environmental policies based on the goal of maximizing social welfare, and it could also be used for the port’s internal decision-making when the environmental policy has been set.
Nicotinamide Riboside Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling in Pressure Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Ma Sai , Feng Jing , Lin Xiuyu , Liu Jing , Tang Yi , Nie Shinan , Gong Jianbin , Wang Lei
Published: September 2021

Background. Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response to pressure overload, which eventually leads to heart failure. The current study explored the protective effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ booster that may be administered through the diet, on the occurrence of myocardial hypertrophy and revealed details of its underlying mechanism. Methods. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to establish a murine model of myocardial hypertrophy. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham, TAC, sham+NR, and TAC+NR. NR treatment was given daily by oral gavage. Cardiac structure and function were assessed using small animal echocardiography. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was evaluated by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Levels of expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and Sirtuin3 were measured by real‐time PCR and ELISA. Expression levels of Caspase‐1, Caspase‐1 pro, cleaved Gasdermin D (GSDMD), NLRP3, ASC, Sirtuin3, ac‐MnSOD, and total MnSOD were measured by Western blot. Results. Reductions in the heart/body mass ratio (HW/BW) and lung/body mass ratio (LW/BW) and in ANP, BNP, and LDH levels were observed in the TAC group on the administration of NR (P < 0.05). Moreover, echocardiography data showed that cardiac dysfunction and structural changes caused by TAC were improved by NR treatment (P < 0.05). NR treatment also reduced levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β and TNF‐α, and attenuated activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes induced by TAC. Furthermore, changes in DHE staining, MDA content, and SOD activity indicated that NR treatment alleviated the oxidative stress caused by TAC. Data from ELISA and Western blots revealed elevated myocardial NAD+ content and Sirtuin3 activity and decreased acetylation of MnSOD after NR treatment, exposing aspects of the underlying signaling pathway. Conclusion. NR treatment alleviated TAC‐induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Mechanically, these beneficial effects were attributed to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and myocardial inflammatory response by regulating the NAD+‐Sirtuin3‐MnSOD signaling pathway.
Numerical Simulation and Shear Capacity Study of a New Double‐Steel‐Plate Shear Wall
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Ren Qingying , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Ziao , Yang Xiao
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a new type of double‐steel‐plate shear wall. Through the finite element software, the stress and plastic strain of steel plate and concrete in different loading stages of the wall are analyzed, the mechanical properties and failure rules of the wall are revealed, and the failure mechanism of the wall is obtained. The comparison with the test results verifies the correctness of the finite element analysis. Through nonlinear finite element parameterization analysis, the composition of shear capacity of each composite wall is obtained. Based on the superposition theory, practical calculation formula of its shear capacity is given, and through a comparative analysis with simulation test results, the goodness‐of‐fit is satisfying.
Real-Time Surveillance Using Deep Learning
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Javed , Iqbal Muhammad Munwar , Ahmad Iftikhar , Alassafi Madini O. , Alfakeeh Ahmed S. , Alhomoud Ahmed
Published: September 2021

It is crucial to ensure proper surveillance for the safety and security of people and their assets. The development of an aerial surveillance system might be very effective in catering to the challenges in surveillance systems. Current systems are expensive and complex. A cost-effective and efficient solution is required, which is easily accessible to anyone with a moderate budget. In aerial surveillance, quadcopters are equipped with state-of-the-art image processing technology that captures detailed photographs of every object underneath. A quadcopter-based solution is proposed to monitor desired premises for any unusual activities, like the movement of persons with weapons and face detection to achieve the desired surveillance. After detection of any unusual activity, the proposed system generates an alert for security personals. The proposed solution is based on quadcopter surveillance and video streaming for anomaly detection in the received video streams through deep learning models. A well-known FasterRCNN algorithm is modified for fast learning with feature reduction in the initial feature extraction step. Five different kinds of CNNs were evaluated for their ability to identify objects of interest in surveillance images. ResNet-50–based FasterRCNN with the highest average precision performed as an excellent solution for threat detection. The average precision of the system is 79% across all categories achieved.
k
,
l

-Anonymity in Wheel-Related Social Graphs Measured on the Base of
k
-Metric Antidimension
Authors: Tang Jiang-Hua , Noreen Tahira , Salman Muhammad , Rehman Masood Ur , Liu Jia-Bao
Published: September 2021

For the study and valuation of social graphs, which affect an extensive range of applications such as community decision-making support and recommender systems, it is highly recommended to sustain the resistance of a social graph

G

to active attacks. In this regard, a novel privacy measure, called the

k
,
l

-anonymity, is used since the last few years on the base of

k

-metric antidimension of

G

in which

l

is the maximum number of attacker nodes defining the

k

-metric antidimension of

G

for the smallest positive integer

k

. The

k

-metric antidimension of

G

is the smallest number of attacker nodes less than or equal to

l

such that other

k

nodes in

G

cannot be uniquely identified by the attacker nodes. In this paper, we consider four families of wheel-related social graphs, namely, Jahangir graphs, helm graphs, flower graphs, and sunflower graphs. By determining their

k

-metric antidimension, we prove that each social graph of these families is the maximum degree metric antidimensional, where the degree of a vertex is the number of vertices linked with that vertex.
Research on Taproots Identification Technology in Panax notoginseng Quality Intelligent Management System
Authors: Chen Mingfang , Chen Zhongping , Cui Xiuming , Zhang Yongxia , Wang Sen
Published: September 2021

In the Panax notoginseng quality intelligent management system, the big roots and fibrous roots cannot be cut automatically because the machine cannot distinguish the taproot, big roots, and fibrous roots of Panax notoginseng, resulting in the automatic cutting mechanism unable to obtain the control trajectory coordinate reference of the tool feed. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a visual optimal network model detection method, which uses the image detection method of marking anchor frames to improve the detection accuracy. A variety of deep learning network models are modified by the TensorFlow framework, and the best training model is optimized by comparing the results of training, testing, and verification data. This model is used to automatically identify the taproots and provide the control trajectory coordinate reference for the actuator that cuts big roots and fibrous roots automatically. The experimental results show that the optimal network model studied in this paper is effective and accurate in identifying the taproots of Panax notoginseng.
Bifurcation Analysis of a Two-Dimensional Neuron Model under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Yuan Chunhua , Li Xiangyu
Published: September 2021

The two-dimensional neuron model can not only reproduce abundant firing patterns, but also satisfy the research of dynamical behavior because of its nonlinear characteristics. It is the most simplified model that includes the fast and slow variables required for neuron firing. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of two-dimensional neuron model are described by both analytical and numerical methods, and the influence of model parameters and external stimuli on dynamic characteristics is described. The firing characteristics of the Prescott model under external electrical stimulation are studied, and the influence of electrophysiological parameters on the firing characteristics is analyzed. The saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation characteristics are studied through the distribution of equilibrium points. It is found that there are critical saddle-node bifurcation and critical Hopf bifurcation in the Prescott model. And the value range of the key parameters that cause the critical bifurcation of the model is obtained by analytical methods.
Dynamic Measurement and Structural Decomposition of Deep Poverty in Contiguous Destitute Areas
Authors: Zhang Da-Yang , Peng Rui-Feng , Zheng Jin-Biao , Wu You-Qun , Wang Xiao-Yi
Published: September 2021

Based on the sample data from 2005 to 2019, this paper calculates the poverty nature of contiguous destitute areas through FGT index and its decomposition and systematically analyzes the impact of economic growth, inequality, and population change on poverty change. From the decomposition results of poverty change, we can see that, first, economic growth, inequality, and population change have different impacts on poverty change in counties and rural areas, and inequality and population mobility have widened the gap between them; second, population factor has always played a key role in the change of poverty, and the deceleration of population growth has a more significant impact on poverty change; third, the impact of the mobility on the poverty change of the counties is different from that of the rural areas. Accordingly, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as promoting the organic connection between rural revitalization and poverty alleviation, speeding up rural governance, and promoting the process of urbanization.
Elementary Methods for Generating Three-Dimensional Coordinate Estimation and Image Reconstruction from Series of Two-Dimensional Images
Authors: Eapen Naived George , Samanta Debabrata , Kaur Manjit , Al-Amri Jehad F. , Masud Mehedi
Published: September 2021

The increase in computational power in recent years has opened a new door for image processing techniques. Three-dimensional object recognition, identification, pose estimation, and mapping are becoming popular. The need for real-world objects to be mapped into three-dimensional spatial representation is greatly increasing, especially considering the heap jump we obtained in the past decade in virtual reality and augmented reality. This paper discusses an algorithm to convert an array of captured images into estimated 3D coordinates of their external mappings. Elementary methods for generating three-dimensional models are also discussed. This framework will help the community in estimating three-dimensional coordinates of a convex-shaped object from a series of two-dimension images. The built model could be further processed for increasing the resemblance of the input object in terms of its shapes, contour, and texture.
The Frequency and Associated Factors of Asymmetrical Prominent Veins: A Predictor of Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yue , Xiao Jingjing , Zhao Li , Wang Shaoshi , Wang Mingming , Luo Yu , Liang Huazheng , Jin Lingjing
Published: September 2021

Objectives. The present study is aimed at investigating the frequency and associated factors of asymmetrical prominent veins (APV) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods. Consecutive patients with AIS admitted to the Comprehensive Stroke Center of Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 were enrolled. MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) was performed within 12 hours of symptom onset. The volume of asymmetrical prominent veins (APV) was evaluated using the Signal Processing In nuclear magnetic resonance software (SPIN, Detroit, Michigan, USA). Multivariate analysis was used to assess relationships between APV findings and medical history, clinical variables as well as cardio-metabolic indices. Results. Seventy-six patients met the inclusion criteria. The frequency of

APV
≥
10
 
mL

was 46.05% (35/76). Multivariate analyses showed that proximal artery stenosis or occlusion (≥50%) (

P
<
0.001

,

adjusted
 
odds
 
ratio
 

OR

=
660.0

,

95
%
CI
=
57.28

-7604.88) and history of atrial fibrillation (

P
<
0.001

,

adjusted
 
OR
=
10.48

,

95
%
CI
=
1.78

-61.68) were independent factors associated with high APV (≥10 mL). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the frequency of

APV
≥
10
 
mL

is high in patients with AIS within 12 hours of symptom onset. History of atrial fibrillation and severe proximal artery stenosis or occlusion are strong predictors of high APV as calculated by SPIN on the SWI map.
Crosstalk between Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulated by Biomaterials and Its Role in Bone Regeneration
Authors: Gong Fan , Groth Thomas , Tu Chenlin , Zhao Mingyan , Huang Xinqia , Chu Jiaqi
Published: September 2021

Impaired bone healing caused by severe trauma, infection, and tumor resection is an extremely common phenomenon. Therefore, the treatment of bone defects represents a major clinical challenge worldwide. In such situations, the application of biomaterials is necessary for filling defects and promoting bone regeneration. Bone repair biomaterials having osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties can act as an appropriate template for the formation of new bone and induce the osteogenic differentiation of preosteocytes and stem cells. Thus, the influence of biomaterials on the regulation of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely studied. However, immune response is also critical in bone healing; macrophages play pivotal and dynamic roles in bone regeneration. The interfacial properties of biomaterials that affect the adsorption of proteins and the adhesion function of cells require great attention in the field of bone tissue engineering because they are related to the crosstalk with the immune and bone or stem cells. Thus, selection of biomaterials or specific surface coatings may reduce local undesirable inflammatory responses and promote bone regeneration. This review provides a detailed overview of bone regeneration mechanisms and the interaction between immune cells and MSCs. Moreover, the influence of biomaterials on the regulation of functions of MSCs and macrophages and the macrophage‐related inflammatory response triggered by biomaterials and its specific role in osteogenesis are discussed.
Method to Calculate Mining‐Induced Fracture Based on the Movement and Deformation of Overburden Strata
Authors: Xu Guo-sheng , Li Hui-gui , Li De-hai , Zhang Yan-bin
Published: September 2021

Mining‐induced fracture of overburden strata is intimately related to underground water disasters in coal mining. In this work, we develop an analytical model that uses the probability integral method to calculate the subsidence of the subsurface and the overburden strata. In the developed model, according to the failure characteristics of the mining‐induced strata, the horizontal deformation of the strata is expressed by the tensile rate of the elastic plate’s neutral plane to reflect the degree of fracture initiation and expansion. The distribution of the water‐flowing fractured zone (WFZ) in the overburden strata is calculated by substituting the probability integral function of overburden strata movement into the equation of layer tensile rate. The panel 31071 in Peigou coal mine is taken as a case study, and the height of the water‐flowing fractured zone (HWFZ) is determined by the proposed method. Conventional empirical methods and the proposed method are used to predict HWFZ in panels with mining schemes, and the results show that the model is particularly advantageous for inclined coal seam mining where the inclined mining size gradually increases and the coal seam burial depth gradually decreases. In such kind of situations, the overburden strata movement and deformation intensify and the mining fracture develops further with the progress of mining, a feature considered poorly by conventional empirical methods but well represented in the proposed method.
Systemic Inflammation-Related Bradycardia in COVID-19
Authors: Srinivasan Aswin , Pansuriya Tusharkumar , Wilson Branden , Sarva Siva T. , Jayaram Turuvekere , Alim Salman , Kesavan Ramesh , Raza Syed
Published: September 2021

Systemic inflammation-related sinus bradycardia in COVID-19 infection has not been well described yet. This six-patient case series excludes common causes of bradycardia. As bradycardia may be a sequela of COVID-19 infection, we recommend closely monitoring hemodynamics and stopping medications that can exacerbate bradycardia in these patients.
Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Outcomes in Patients with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Cao Diana X. , Wong Eva Y. , Vela Melanie N. , Le Quoc T.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The effectiveness of probiotics in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism has not been clearly demonstrated. It is also unclear if outcomes are consistent across different probiotic formulations. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL database from inception through May 2020. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of probiotics on fasting blood glucose (FBG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or gestational diabetes were included. Outcomes of interest included FBG, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Results: 31 studies involving 1,948 participants were included in this analysis. Compared to control, probiotics had a significant favorable effect on FBG (WMD −5.77 mg/dL, 95% CI −8.48 to −3.06), HbA1c (WMD −0.32%, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.18), fasting insulin (WMD −2.95 µIU/mL, 95% CI −3.76 to −2.14), HOMA-IR (WMD −0.82, 95% CI −1.05 to −0.59), HOMA-B (WMD −14.86, 95% CI −24.57 to −5.16), and QUICKI (WMD 0.015, 95% CI 0.011–0.019). Further, probiotics were associated with favorable outcomes on all parameters at doses between 1 and 10 × 109 colony-forming unit per day (p < 0.004 for all) and formulations containing 2–4 strains (p < 0.05 for all). Discussion/Conclusion: Probiotics appear to have a modest effect on glycemic parameters in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. Due to the limited number of trials conducted in patients with prediabetes, more studies are warranted in this population.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Is Beneficial for the Improvement of Clinical Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yingqian , Wu Jing , Xiao Nong , Li Bo
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been used for the treatment of cerebral palsy for more than 20 years, but its efficacy and safety are still controversial. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the currently promulgated data related to the efficacy of HBO for patients with cerebral palsy. Methods: We searched the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases (from their inception to April 2020) for randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese. Two researchers used the Cochrane Collaboration tool for data extraction and an independent quality assessment. The extracted data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: A total of 25 studies consistent with the inclusion criteria were included, with a total of 2,146 people, which included 1,185 participants in the HBO group and 961 in the control group. This meta-analysis showed that when compared with the controls, HBO therapy can improve the gross motor functions evaluated by the Gross Motor Function Measure (n = 696, SMD 0.29, 95% CI [0.07–0.51], Z = 2.62, p = 0.009) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (n = 248, MD –0.40, 95% CI [–0.52 to –0.27], Z = 6.28, p < 0.00001), global developmental level evaluated by Gesell (n = 560, RR 1.30, 95% CI [1.19–1.42], Z = 6.03, p < 0.00001) and developmental quotient (n = 374, MD 8.25, 95% CI [6.48–10.01], Z = 9.15, p < 0.00001) and language expression (n = 270, MD 4.34, 95% CI [2.30–6.38], Z = 4.17, p < 0.00001) and comprehension (n = 270, MD 4.87, 95% CI [2.87–6.88], Z = 4.76, p < 0.00001). HBO therapy only caused mild ear pain. However, the quality of the data for all outcomes evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation analysis was very low. Conclusions: HBO therapy may produce a much more efficient clinical experiment result than the control group with cerebral palsy patients, and HBO therapy is well tolerated and relatively safe for the included participants.
People with Cerebral Palsy and Their Family’s Preferences about Genomics Research
Authors: Wilson Yana Alexandra , McIntyre Sarah , Waight Emma , Thornton Marelle , van Otterloo Saskia , Marmont Sophie Rachel , Kruer Michael , Baynam Gareth , Gecz Jozef , Badawi Nadia
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The goal of this study was to understand individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and their family’s attitudes and preferences to genomic research, including international data sharing and biobanking. Methods: Individuals with CP and their family members were invited to participate in the web-based survey via email (NSW/ACT CP Register) or via posts on social media by Cerebral Palsy Alliance, CP Research Network, and CP Now. Survey responses included yes/no/unsure, multiple choices, and Likert scales. Fisher’s exact and χ2 tests were used to assess if there were significant differences between subgroups. Results: Individuals with CP and their families (n = 145) were willing to participate in genomics research (68%), data sharing (82%), and biobanking efforts (75%). This willingness to participate was associated with completion of tertiary education, previous genetic testing experience, overall higher genomic awareness, and trust in international researchers. The survey respondents also expressed ongoing communication and diverse information needs regarding the use of their samples and data. Major concerns were associated with privacy and data security. Discussion: The success of genomic research and international data sharing efforts in CP are contingent upon broad support and recruitment. Ongoing consultation and engagement of individuals with CP and their families will facilitate trust and promote increased awareness of genomics in CP that may in turn maximize participant uptake and recruitment.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Containing Linc00632 Regulates GATA Binding Protein-3 Expression in Allergic Rhinitis by Interacting with Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 to Inhibit T Helper Cell 2 Differentiation
Authors: Li Wei , Cai Cui-Yun , Zeng Jun-Jie
Published: September 2021

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is regarded as one of the most common allergic disease of nasal mucosa affecting many people worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs are critical modulators affecting AR progression, whereas the pathogenesis of Linc00632 in the development of AR remains unclear. Methods: T helper cell 2 (Th2) differentiation of CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR assay and Western blot were applied to determine the levels of RNA and proteins, respectively. The interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels were quantitatively assessed through ELISA. Subcellular fractionation was conducted to detect the cellular localization of Linc00632. RNA immunoprecipitation experiment was employed to validate the interaction relationship between Linc00632 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used for determination of protein-DNA interactions. Results: The expression of Linc00632 was significantly decreased by 4 times in nasal mucosa of AR patients. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome dramatically inhibited Th2 differentiation, decreased GATA binding protein-3 (GATA-3) protein expressions and IL-4 levels by about 2 times in CD4+ T cells. Knockdown Linc00632 partially reversed the effects of exosomes on Th2 differentiation, IL-4 and IL-13 levels, and GATA-3 expression. Linc00632 overexpression could suppress Th2 differentiation of CD4+ T cells, reduced IL-4 and IL-13 levels, and GATA-3 expressions roughly 2 times. Linc00632 repressed the expression of GATA-3 by interacting with EZH2. GATA-3 overexpression partially reversed the effect of Linc00632 on Th2 differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: Linc00632 acted as a suppression factor in Th2 differentiation by inhibiting the expression of GATA-3 via interacting with EZH2, which might provide a new insight for understanding the action mechanism of Linc00632 in AR.
Taguchi versus Lich-Grégoir Extravesical Ureteroneocystostomy in Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wehner Hannah , Wullich Bernd , Kunath Frank , Apel Hendrik
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Ureteric implantation of the transplanted ureter into native urinary bladder tissue in kidney transplantation recipients is essential for post-operative kidney function. We aimed to determine the effects of Taguchi versus Lich-Grégoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation. Methods: We searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science), trial registries, and conference proceedings until March 2021. We included prospective studies comparing Taguchi and Lich-Grégoir ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation. Two review authors independently screened the identified records, extracted data, evaluated the risk of bias using ROBINS-I, and assessed the certainty of evidence according to GRADE. Results: We identified 3 prospective studies with serious or critical risk of bias, leading to low-certainty evidence. We downgraded the risk of bias due to study limitations. Assessment and/or reporting of baseline imbalances, co-interventions, and confounding factors was insufficient in all included studies. The effect of Taguchi ureteroneocystostomy remains unclear. Conclusion: Currently available evidence is not useful to determine the effect of Taguchi versus Lich-Grégoir ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation. There is a need for methodologically better designed and executed studies, such as randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up reporting baseline imbalances, co-interventions, and confounding factors.
T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma and Thymoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature of a Rare Association
Authors: Mizrahi Nadav , Kugler Eitan , Hayman Lucille , Yeshurun Moshe , Grossman Alon , Raanani Pia , Wolach Ofir
Published: September 2021

The co-occurrence of thymoma and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia is an extremely rare but previously reported association that poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We describe a 67-year-old patient with long-standing untreated B1 thymoma that presented with constitutional symptoms and a painless soft tissue mass on the right chest wall. Pathological analysis of the biopsy from the mass demonstrated T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. The patient went through a complicated course, was refractory to several lines of therapy, and eventually underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in complete remission from a matched related donor. The association between thymoma and malignant neoplasms has been described in the literature, most notably with colorectal adenocarcinoma and thyroid cancer. Thymoma-associated leukemia is, however, extremely unusual, with limited reports in the literature. Distinguishing between thymoma and leukemia can be challenging and often requires meticulous diagnostic efforts. For patients with a past history of thymoma, awareness of this particular association should be bared in mind to allow earlier diagnosis and therapy.
Certolizumab Pegol: A New Therapeutic Approach for Acrodermatitis Continua of Hallopeau
Authors: Rizzetto Giulio , Diotallevi Federico , Molinelli Elisa , Radi Giulia , Offidani Anna Maria
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) is a rare, chronic, and recurrent form of pustular psoriasis (PP) localized to one or more digits. Due to the rarity of ACH, no clear treatment guidelines are currently available, making the therapeutic approach more complex. Case Presentation: We report the first case of a young woman with ACH who was successfully treated with certolizumab pegol (CZP). Discussion/Conclusion: PP and ACH are difficult to treat, and biologics may be an option more manageable than cyclosporine. CZP is the safest biologic therapy during pregnancy, so there is low risk in prescribing it in women with childbearing potential. However, continuing biological therapy during pregnancy always involves an assessment of the clinical benefits, which must outweigh the risks.
Demographic and Clinical Profile of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Seen at St. Luke’s Medical Center-Global City Memory Service
Authors: Mojica Christianne V. , Yu Justine Megan F. , Ampil Encarnita R. , Dy Jon Stewart H. , Torio Erickson F. , Pilotin Ron C. , Dominguez Jacqueline C.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a dynamic state, which has evolved into a highly defined condition due to its association with dementia syndromes. There are no published data on the demographic and clinical characteristics of MCI in the Philippines. These data will help in defining the population at risk for the condition and in modifying the factors for its prevention. Methods: From 2010 to 2019, 434 subjects were diagnosed with MCI based on the criteria published by the International Working Group on MCI last 2004. The demographic profile, vascular risk factors, and levels of Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and homocysteine were reviewed. Results of neuropsychological tests, such as Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), were collected. The Fazekas score of the cranial magnetic resonance imaging of patients was also considered. Results: The median age was 72 years [34–97] with 58.3% females. The median years of education were 14 [4–28]. Median ADAS-Cog, MMSE, and MoCA scores were 11.3 [0–27.67], 27 [13–30], and 21 [7–30], respectively. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were present in 66.8% and 64.1%, respectively. Normal homocysteine, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D levels were found in 64.2%, 59.8%, and 48.8%, respectively. The median Fazekas score was 1 (59.4%). Conclusion: This is the first study to document the demographic and clinical profile of Filipinos with MCI in a clinical setting. This review serves as a foundation for increased understanding of MCI with the ultimate goal of controlling the factors which may impact its prevention.