bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Team Affective Climate Toward Disability as a Facilitator of Job Inclusion of Employees With Disabilities: Examining Mediational Paths
Authors: Gamero Nuria , Sanclemente Francisco J. , Medina Francisco J.
Published: February 2025

The integration of employees with disabilities in the workplace is a critical issue for organizations aiming to foster inclusivity and diversity. The purpose of this study was to examine how team affective climate toward disability influences the job inclusion of employees with disabilities. Three indicators of job inclusion were considered: job satisfaction, affective commitment, and the desire to stay in the organization. We examined three mediating mechanisms. First, the mediating role of team‐shared stigma. Second, the mediating role of the quality of within‐team relationships. Third, a mixed meditational path, where team affective climate→team‐shared stigma→relationships quality→job inclusion. The sample was composed of 258 employees from 66 teams included in 15 organizations. Each team included an employee with disabilities. We used PROCESS to test our mediation hypotheses. Our results indicated that the indirect effect of the teams' affective climate toward disability in job inclusion followed a causal chain through the teams' shared stigma and the quality of within‐team relationships. Implications for theory, research, and practice based on our findings are discussed.
Cu‐catalyzed Bilateral Linkage of Sulfenamides for the Construction of Benzothiophene‐based Cyclic Sulfilimines
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Sun Rutian , Zeng Daming , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: February 2025

A CuI‐catalyzed bilateral linkage of S‐phenethyl‐sulfenamides with cyclic diaryliodonium salts was developed for the one‐step construction of benzothiophene‐based cyclic sulfilimines. The challenging cyclic sulfoximines can be efficiently obtained via subsequent oxidation. Photophysical properties and DFT calculations reveal that cyclic sulfoximines, compared to cyclic sulfilimines and sulfones, exhibit larger Stokes shifts and reduced HOMO‐LUMO orbital overlap.
Experimental and computational fluid dynamics analysis on the influence of fuel injection pressure on engine's behavior of a gasohol based gasoline direct injection engine
Authors: Murugan Muniyappan , Masimalai Senthilkumar , Subramanian Arulselvan
Published: February 2025

This work examines the impact of fuel injection pressure (FIP) on engine's behavior of a multi cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine using gasohol (85% gasoline+15% ethanol by mass) as fuel. The FIP was varied from 90r to 120 bar at 10 bar intervals with the fuel injection timing 320° before top dead center (BTDC). experiments were performed at variable power at a constant speed of 2500 rpm. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out for the above said conditions to understand engine's behavior. Considering the conventional FIP (i.e.90 bar), increasing the FIP showed improvement in engine's brake thermal efficiency (BTE) up to110 bar. The maximum BTE was observed as 33.5% at the engine power output of 21 kW (where as it was 27.2% with the FIP of 90 bar). CFD results confirmed the improvement in the air‐fuel mixing rate and swirl motion due to the increased FIP. The hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission were reduced with increased FIPs. CFD results on the HC and CO emissions indicated well agreement with the experiments. With the higher injection pressures, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions showed an increase at all loads. The in cylinder pressure was observed to be higher with higher FIPs. It is concluded that increasing the FIP might improve performance and lower HC and CO emissions of a Gasohol based fuel in GDI engine. The optimized FIP of 110 bar could be recommended for the aforementioned engine's greatest performance without any modifications in the engine design while injecting the fuel at 320° BTDC. Increase in NOx emissions at higher injection pressure needs attention. The present study restricted the amount of ethanol as 15% by mass. Higher proportions of ethanol admissions require major modifications in the engine design.
Categorization of Food Consumption Patterns in Indigenous Communities of the Quilotoa in Ecuador
Authors: Rojas Edgar Wilson , Benítez Sofía , Andrade Myriam Jicela , Castillo Luis , Ochsner Rosmerie , Sarmiento Nelly
Published: February 2025

Preliminary evidence suggests that rural areas have poor nutritional indicators despite their self‐sufficient local production. Thus, this study aimed to categorize the food consumption patterns of the rural Indigenous population next to the Quilotoa Lagoon in Ecuador based on the frequency of food intake. Data were obtained from 258 Indigenous farmers using structured and validated consumption frequency questionnaires. The consumption of 91 foods classified into eight groups was evaluated using concordance indicators, correlation analysis, and multivariate techniques such as principal component analysis and correspondence factor analysis. Consumption levels were categorized by stratifying the proportion of families that consumed each food item. Four consumption pattern types were identified. The category with “high consumption” foods, greater than 66.8%, was based on foods rich in carbohydrates, such as rice (89.3%), potatoes (88.9%), oats (74.1%), and morocho (74%). Protein intake was limited to eggs (82%) and fish (73.5%). Vegetables, such as carrots (90.4%) and onions (96.1%), were highly consumed but classified as condiments in meal preparation. Chicken (66.5%) and milk (61%) were categorized as “moderate consumption.” Local foods such as melloco (37.1%) and oca (28.2%) were classified as “low consumption”. Lastly, the most produced local food, chocho, had a consumption rate of 14.3%, which was considered “very low consumption”. When analyzing consumption patterns by area, the Chugchilan parish with High Center or Quilotoa‐Paved Road zones showed very good concordance (0.81 and 0.79, respectively), while the Subtropical zone had less concordance (0.73). Foods rich in high‐calorie carbohydrates were the most commonly consumed across all four consumption patterns.
Spillovers From Medicaid Contraceptive Use to Non‐Medicaid Patients: Evidence From New York
Authors: Callison Kevin , Carlos Marisa , Willage Barton
Published: February 2025

This study examines spillovers from a 2014 New York Medicaid policy change that increased reimbursement for immediate postpartum long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) insertion. Using administrative data on hospital deliveries from 2011 through 2019, we analyze whether physicians who inserted immediate postpartum LARCs for Medicaid patients following the policy change were more likely to subsequently perform the procedure on non‐Medicaid patients. We find significant spillovers, as physicians who first perform an immediate postpartum Medicaid LARC insertion following the 2014 payment reform are 9.3 percentage points more likely to perform immediate postpartum non‐Medicaid LARC insertions; an association that increases with the physician's share of Medicaid deliveries. To distinguish between physician‐specific and hospital‐specific factors driving spillovers, we compare physicians within the same hospital‐year. Results indicate approximately half the spillover is due to physician‐specific factors and half to hospital‐specific factors. Our findings highlight how targeted reimbursement policies can have broader impacts beyond the intended population and demonstrate the influence of both individual physician behavior and institutional factors in shaping clinical practice patterns. Understanding these spillover dynamics is important for policymakers and healthcare providers aiming to promote effective and equitable contraceptive care across patient populations.
Electro‐optic three dimensional displays
Authors: Caulfield H. John
Published: February 2025

Man, accustomed to viewing a three‐dimensional world, has always been dissatisfied with twodimensional displays. Unfortunately no fully satisfactory real‐time, three‐dimensional display technique has been developed. A new method for converting 2‐D displays to 3‐D is discussed. Uniaxial crystals are used to vary the optical path length between the 2‐D display and the viewer. The variation is subject to digital control with electro‐optic polarization switches. Thus there are no moving parts and no severe limitations on switching times. The primary limitations of this new method are limited angular field of view, high brightness requirements, and size limitations. The possible applications include computer graphics and 3‐D movies or television.
The image dissector camera, a new approach to spacecraft sensors
Authors: Branchflower Gilbert A. , Koenig Edward W.
Published: February 2025

The Image Dissector Camera, using a newly adapted sensing technique, provides capabilities heretofore unattainable in spacecraft television systems. Based on the Image Dissector Tube, a non‐storing scanned detector, these cameras can add the versatility to meet the challenge of new and unusual requirements. Two cameras have now been developed for spacecraft use, one for the Nimbus B Satellite utilizing the slow scan capability of the tube and one for the ATS‐C spacecraft, using the versatile scan format capabilities of the tube. A general discussion of the tube itself and its application to these two cameras will be given with emphasis on the variety of applications where such a system may have distinct advantages.
Endoscopic and rectal tube management of pediatric sigmoid volvulus: A case series
Authors: Khemka Sapna , Morris Micah , Watson Kevin
Published: February 2025

The process of the sigmoid colon twisting on its mesentery is known as sigmoid volvulus, a diagnosis rarely seen in the pediatric population. Volvulus can lead to blood flow obstruction of the colon and eventually perforation, necrosis, or sepsis. Predisposing factors include chronic constipation, chronic dysmotility, or Hirschsprung disease. This communication demonstrates three patients who presented to a tertiary pediatric care center with a diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus. All three patients underwent immediate endoscopic detorsion and rectal decompression tube placement. Two patients subsequently underwent surgical resection of redundant sigmoid colon. This communication highlights the use of sigmoidoscopy for detorsion of uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus with added support for initial rectal decompression tube placement, contributing to initial patient stabilization and positive patient outcomes.
Successful Psoriasis Management With Deucravacitinib After Guselkumab‐Associated Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Authors: Lovell Katie K. , Feldman Steven R.
Published: February 2025

Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) involves the accumulation of eosinophilic infiltrates in the lung parenchyma, potentially triggered by smoking, infections, or medications, including biologics for psoriasis. This case report describes a 49‐year‐old female with a history of psoriasis and chronic pancreatitis, who developed EP after initiating guselkumab, an IL‐23 inhibitor. Following a 4‐month hiatus from ustekinumab due to insurance issues, she received guselkumab for a psoriasis flare (60% BSA). Shortly before the second dose, she presented with pleuritic chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath. CT revealed extensive ground‐glass infiltrates, and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed 52% eosinophils, indicating EP. Two months postdischarge, follow‐up CT showed near‐complete resolution of opacities, and 4 months later, after tapering off of systemic corticosteroids, her psoriasis flared again (60% BSA). Due to EP and preference for a nonbiologic treatment, deucravacitinib, a TYK2 inhibitor, was initiated, resulting in well‐controlled psoriasis (BSA = 0%) after 3 months, with only mild, resolved acne. This case suggests deucravacitinib as a viable option for patients experiencing noninfectious pneumonia from prior biologic therapy and highlights the importance of monitoring for pulmonary symptoms in patients on biologics.
Cardiometabolic Impact of Encapsulated Cocoa Powder and Pure Cocoa Ingredients Supplementation: A Comparative Placebo‐Controlled RCT in Adults
Authors: Weigant Janina , Afchar Anuschka , Barzen Meike , Dicks Lisa , Zimmermann Benno F. , Schmid Matthias , Weinhold Leonie , Stoffel‐Wagner Birgit , Ellinger Jörg , Stehle Peter , Ellinger Sabine
Published: February 2025

Consuming cocoa rich in flavan‐3‐ols (particularly epicatechin [EC]) may reduce vascular stiffness and blood pressure (BP) and improve serum lipid profiles. Because interventional studies on pure EC exhibited inconclusive results, the role of other cocoa ingredients such as methylxanthines (MX) on vascular health was assumed. This study aimed to systematically compare the effects of flavanol‐rich cocoa and its major components EC and MX on vascular function and serum lipid levels. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 75 healthy young adults ingested capsules containing either (i) flavanol‐rich cocoa powder, (ii) EC, (iii) MX, (iv) EC + MX, or (v) placebo (n = 15 per group) daily for 4 weeks. Capsules provided equal amounts of EC and/or MX as the cocoa capsules. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), BP, endothelin‐1, and lipids were investigated before and after intervention. No group‐specific statistically significant differences in aortic PWV (p = 0.410) or any other parameters (p ≥ 0.05) were observed between before and after the intervention. Daily intake of neither flavanol‐rich cocoa nor pure cocoa ingredients influenced vascular function and lipid profiles in healthy adults. Consequently, RCTs involving subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk may clarify the effects of EC and MX as cocoa components on cardiovascular health parameters.

Trial Registration: URL: https://drks.de/search/en/trial. Unique identifier: DRKS00022056
A novel multifrequency‐tuned transceiver array for human‐brain 31P‐MRSI at 7 T
Authors: Li Xin , Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Xiao‐Liang , Waks Matt , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Phosphorus‐31 (31P) MR spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) at 7 T is a powerful tool for investigating high‐energy phosphate metabolism in human brains with significantly improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spectral resolution. However, this imaging technique requires dual‐frequency radiofrequency coil for performing brain anatomical imaging and B0 shimming at proton (1H) operation frequency, and 31P MRSI at lower operation frequency. Herein, we introduce a novel 31P‐1H dual‐frequency radiofrequency coil design using a double‐tuned and double‐matched (DODO) coil that does not require complex circuitry or two coil layers and exhibits similar imaging performance as to single‐frequency control coils for both 31P and 1H imaging operations.

Methods

We constructed an eight‐element 31P‐1H dual‐frequency DODO transceiver array and compared its performance with a quadrature‐driven dual‐tuned eight‐element 31P and eight‐element 1H transverse electromagnetic volume coil for both phantom and in vivo human‐brain 31P‐MRSI studies at 7 T.

Results

The DODO transceiver array achieved high spatiotemporal resolution 31P MRSI with 2.5‐cc nominal voxel size and 22‐min scan time covering the entire human brain, showing excellent SNR for mapping cerebral phosphorous metabolites such as phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate, and other low‐concentration metabolites. Compared with the transverse electromagnetic volume coil, the DODO array demonstrated large improvements in 31P‐MRSI SNR in both phantom and human brain studies, with over 5‐fold SNR gain in peripheral regions and over 2‐fold SNR gain in central brain regions.

Conclusion

This simple and cost‐effective array design and excellent performance can greatly benefit human‐brain 31P‐MRSI applications at 7 T.
Mutism and rigidity due to antipsychotic‐induced catatonia improved by hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Fujii Rintaro , Suga Ryota , Satoh Norihito , Watanabe Yasuo , Yoshimura Reiji
Published: February 2025

Background

Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome linked to various medical conditions. Among these, several reports have described antipsychotic‐induced catatonia (AIC). Treatment typically includes benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy. Here, we report a rare case of AIC that showed an improvement in symptoms under hemodialysis.

Case Presentation

A 79‐year‐old man with diabetic nephropathy was admitted with acute renal failure and metabolic acidosis. Hemodialysis was initiated, and his acute renal failure and metabolic acidosis were mild. On Day 11, following an intramuscular injection of haloperidol (2.5 mg) for agitation the previous day, he developed mutism, rigidity, and resistance to mouth‐opening, leading to a diagnosis of AIC. His symptoms improved dramatically during the course of hemodialysis, with no recurrence after seven sessions. He was discharged after 49 days and did not experience recurrence of catatonia in the following 12 months.

Conclusion

While this case showed a rapid improvement in AIC following hemodialysis, no robust evidence implicating AIC and hemodialysis has been reported to date. This case suggests the potential role of hemodialysis in improving AIC symptoms. Further research to better understand the relationship between AIC and hemodialysis and the underlying mechanisms of catatonia is required.
Combining procedural and behavioral treatments for chronic low back pain: A pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tanus Adrienne D. , Nishio Isuta , Williams Rhonda , Friedly Janna , Soares Bosco , Anderson Derek , Bambara Jennifer , Dawson Timothy , Hsu Amy , Kim Peggy Y. , Krashin Daniel , Del Piero Larissa , Korpak Anna , Timmons Andrew , Suri Pradeep
Published: February 2025

Background

Individual treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP) have small magnitude effects. Combining different types of treatments may produce larger effects.

Objective

To (1) assess feasibility of conducting a factorial randomized controlled trial of these treatments; and (2) estimate individual and combined treatment effects of (a) lumbar radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) of the dorsal ramus medial branch nerves (vs. a simulated LRFA control procedure) and (b) Activity Tracker‐Informed Video‐Enabled Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program for CLBP (AcTIVE‐CBT) (vs. an educational control treatment) on back‐related disability at 3 months post‐randomization.

Methods

Participants (n = 13) were randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial. Feasibility goals included an enrollment proportion ≥ 30%, a randomization proportion ≥ 80%, and a ≥ 80% proportion of randomized participants completing the 3‐month Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) primary outcome end point. An intent‐to‐treat analysis was used.

Results

The enrollment proportion was 62%, the randomization proportion was 81%, and all randomized participants completed the primary outcome. Though not statistically significant, there was a beneficial, moderate‐magnitude effect of LRFA versus control on 3‐month RMDQ (−3.25 RMDQ points [95% confidence interval [CI], −10.18 to 3.67]). There was a significant, beneficial, large‐magnitude effect of AcTIVE‐CBT versus control (−6.29 [95% CI, −10.97 to −1.60]). Though not statistically significant, there was a beneficial, large effect of LRFA+AcTIVE‐CBT versus control (−8.37 [95% CI: −21.47, 4.74]).

Conclusion

We conclude that it is feasible to conduct a randomized controlled trial combining procedural and behavioral treatments for CLBP.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03520387.
Discovery of novel skeletons of aphid repellents based on the key fragment of nepetalactone and plant volatiles
Authors: Lu Yiming , Li Zhong , Shao Xusheng , Maienfisch Peter
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Aphids are significant agricultural pests, causing extensive crop damage and transmitting plant viruses. Conventional insecticide‐based pest control faces challenges such as human and environmental toxicity and resistance. As alternative solutions, pheromone‐based repellents have emerged as a promising approach. However, the instability of key compounds like (E)‐β‐Farnesene (EBF) has limited their effectiveness in field applications. To address these limitations, this study focuses on developing novel aphid repellent compounds based on plant volatiles and nepetalactone key fragments.

RESULTS

In this study, a series of derivatives were designed and synthesized from the lead compound (±)I by incorporating plant volatiles, leading to the discovery of two novel compounds with new skeletons, IV‐13 and IV‐4. Through further modifications of the ring size and the alkyl substitutions, two optimized structures, compounds IV‐30 and IV‐36, were identified, demonstrating promising aphid repellent activities. Bioassays indicated that IV‐30 (RV = 85.2%) and IV‐36 (RV = 70.3%) exhibited significantly enhanced repellent properties compared to their precursor compounds. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding interactions of these compounds with aphid odorant‐binding protein 3(OBP3), providing further evidence of their improved biological efficacy.

CONCLUSION

The introduction of novel structures such as compounds IV‐30 and IV‐36 based on nepetalactone and plant volatile fragments resulted in the discovery of novel promising para‐pheromones for aphid control. These compounds exhibit stable and effective repellent activities, providing a solid foundation for further development of synthetic aphid repellents in integrated pest management strategies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Beyond the Country of Origin and the Receiving Society: Differentiated Place Attachments and Homes Among Dominican Immigrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Dinmohamed Sabrina
Published: February 2025

This study moves beyond traditional questions regarding immigrants' integration into various domains of their receiving societies to explore the meanings of places and the associated feelings of home. By examining how specific geographical locations relate to these feelings, the study illuminates post‐migration experiences and realities that are often overlooked in studies of immigrants. Specifically, it explores the significance of both the country of origin and the receiving society in shaping immigrants' feeling of home. Two key findings emerge from this ethnographic research. First, the study underscores the diversity within immigrant communities regarding the perceived location of home, with a particular emphasis on the influence of stepwise migration trajectories on these perceptions. Second, the findings demonstrate that the feeling of home is rooted in a variety of factors. By examining this feeling, this study offers a valuable lens via which to understand immigrants' attachments to both their countries of origin and receiving societies, enriching our understanding of their settlement experiences.
Borrow Strength to Exert: Low‐Crystallinity Prussian Blue for Reduction Overload Enhanced Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Yao Yuxin , Yao Junlie , Xiong Shiyi , Sun Yabing , Lai Liangxue , He Chenglong , Jiang Shaohua , Elsayad Kareem , Peng Hao , Wu Aiguo , Yang Fang
Published: February 2025

The strategy “Borrow strength to exert” in Sun Tzu's Art of War refers to borrowing external forces to withstand the enemy. Inspired by this, applying this thought to cancer treatment can achieve a more efficient therapeutic effect. Therefore, a fulcrum to borrow the force is vital and significant. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells are more sensitive to redox stress owing to their abnormal redox metabolism. Herein, a regulatory protocol based on chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) is proposed to prepare small‐size and low‐crystallinity Prussian blue nanoparticles (LcPB NPs). Notably, LcPB NPs possess higher superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like enzyme activity to induce reduction overload and destroy metabolic processes and organelle functions, which leverages the redox status defect in tumors as the fulcrum. Due to the down‐regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) mediated by redox imbalance, the inherent photothermal therapy (PTT) mode of LcPB NPs effectively inhibits tumor growth and disrupts calcium homeostasis. Additionally, LcPB NPs can improve the anticancer effect by inhibiting symbiotic bacteria. Meanwhile, their magnetic and optical response performance empowers magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for tumor diagnosis. Therefore, this work executing the strategy “Borrowing strength to exert” by disturbing the redox balance represents a new antineoplastic paradigm.
Highly Specific and Sensitive SERS Detection of Putrescine Using Au Nanobowls@Cu‐MOF Embedded in a Hydrogel Nanoreactor
Authors: Cao Jiaying , Li Duoduo , Feng Shilun , Liu Xinling , Guo Xiaoyu , Wen Ying , Yang Haifeng
Published: February 2025

Putrescine is of concern due to its toxicity and applications in monitoring food spoilage and water quality. However, it is difficult to realize highly selective and sensitive detection of putrescine with interferences from other biogenetic amines with similar molecular structures. In this work, Au nanobowls modified by Cu‐MOF (core‐shell Au bowl@Cu MOF) together with o‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) are embedded into sodium alginate hydrogel to construct a unique SERS substrate (OPA‐Au bowl@Cu MOF/hydrogel) for sensing of putrescine. In the confined space of porous hydrogel, the Schiff base reaction between OPA and putrescine resulted in the product of N, N‐dibenzylidene‐n‐butylenediamine (OPA‐Putrescine), which is easily captured by Cu‐MOF via copper‐nitrogen coordination and then detected thanks to the high SERS activity of Au nanobowls and the large Raman scattering cross‐section of OPA‐Putrescine. The above reaction contributed to a high selectivity to greatly suppress the interferences from many amino group‐containing molecules. The limit of detection (LOD) of gaseous and liquid putrescine is 1.2 × 10−9 and 6.3 × 10−10 mol L−1, respectively. Further, the application potential of this SERS‐sensor in food and environmental fields are demonstrated by the successful detection of putrescine in salmon and seawater samples.
A Bio‐Redox Dynamic Pickering Emulsion from Nature to Nature
Authors: Song Chenhao , Chen Zhiwu , Lian Xiaodong , Wang Yapei
Published: February 2025

The biosafety issue of Pickering emulsions has gradually become public. It is shown that the particles that make up Pickering emulsions, previously thought to be non‐physiologically toxic, may also pose a potential threat to human life and health, as well as to ecosystems, due to their inherent emulsifying capacity. Hence, the principle of “from nature to nature” is proposed, which refers to emulsifiers that are of natural origin and can be metabolized by natural biological processes to eliminate their emulsifying ability. A feasible pathway by which the natural small molecule, thioctic acid, is exploited for the preparation of Pickering emulsions is also presented. The strategy of calcium ion‐induced aggregation and ring‐opening polymerization of sodium thioctate is utilized for the preparation of particulate emulsifiers, thus forming stable O/W‐type Pickering emulsions. Benefiting from the antioxidant property of the thioctic acid moiety and the transdermal capacity of the emulsion itself, it combines protection of the bioactive substance with transdermal delivery. Furthermore, the particulate emulsifiers that are prepared, abundantly enriched with dynamic disulfide bonds, can be integrated into the natural metabolic pathway, specifically by being reduced through the involved glutathione, thereby facilitating their natural degradation and effectively mitigating any potential biological hazards.
Insights into Non‐Metallic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Yanan , Ma Xuehua , Zhang Yunhao , Yang Yanqiang , Wang Pengyu , Chen Tianxiang , Gao Changyong , Dong Chen , Zheng Jianjun , Wu Aiguo
Published: February 2025

Traditional metal‐based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (MRI CAs), such as gadolinium, iron, and manganese, have made significant advancements in diagnosing major diseases. However, their potential toxicity due to long‐term accumulation in the brain and bones raises safety concerns. In contrast, non‐metallic MRI CAs, which can produce a nuclear magnetic resonance effect, show great promise in MRI applications due to their adaptable structure and function, good biocompatibility, and excellent biodegradability. Nevertheless, the development of non‐metallic MRI CAs is slow due to the inherent low magnetic sensitivity of organic compounds, their rapid metabolism, and susceptibility to reduction. Designing effective multifunctional organic compounds for high‐sensitivity MRI remains a challenge. In this discussion, the mechanisms of various non‐metallic MRI CAs are explored and an overview of their current status, highlighting both their advantages and potential drawbacks, is provided. The key strategies for creating high‐performance MRI CAs are summarized and how different synthetic approaches affect the performance of non‐metallic MRI Cas is evaluated. Last, the challenges and future prospects for these promising non‐metallic MRI CAs are addressed.
MoCx/CoP Janus Structure Embedded Carbon Frame for Boosting Hydrazine Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Li Wenjin , Liu Xuan , Li Xinzhe , Lin Huihui , Yan Shuguang , Lu Jiong , Chen Cheng , Lv Yi
Published: February 2025

The integration of hydrazine electrooxidation (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) presents an efficient pathway for high‐purity hydrogen production. However, developing bifunctional catalysts remains challenging for the demands of multiple active‐centers and tailored electronic properties. Here, a unique Janus nano‐catalysts of MoCx/CoP embedded on carbon frameworks (MoCx/CoP@C) is introduced, featuring dual electronic states (depletion and accumulation)driven by charge redistribution within MoCx/CoP, acting as dual active‐sites (DAS) for both HER and HzOR. Theoretical analysis reveals these independent DAS in MoCx/CoP significantly enhance catalytic activity for both HER and HzOR. Specifically, accumulated electrons at MoCx/CoP interfaces weaken the bonding strength of N‐H in N2H4, thereby decreasing dehydrogenation energy barrier while electronic‐deficient Mo sites within MoCx accelerate H* desorption, thus promoting HER kinetics. This catalyst exhibits ultra‐low potential of −73 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for anodic HzOR, comparable to noble catalysts and low overpotential of 95 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for cathodic HER. When employed in an overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) system, MoCx/CoP@C shows promising commercial potential, with low energy consumption (0.16 V), high Faradaic efficiency (95.4%) and long‐term stability. This study underscores the feasibility of designing independent DAS catalysts and elucidates the mechanistic origins of bifunctional activities.
Thermally‐Stable Temperature‐Independent Tunneling Magnetoresistance in all van der Waals Fe3GaTe2/GaSe/Fe3GaTe2 Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Wu Hao , Yang Li , Zhang Gaojie , Jin Wen , Xiao Bichen , Yu Jie , Annas Ahmed , Zhang Wenfeng , Wang Kaiyou , Chang Haixin
Published: February 2025

Thermal stability is of great significance for the next‐generation two‐dimensional (2D) non‐volatile spintronic devices. Typically, as the temperature increases, the spin polarization of materials decreases rapidly following the Bloch 𝑇3/2 law in low‐temperature regions, resulting in a rapid decrease in the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Owing to the thermal effects induced by current during the writing processes, even small temperature fluctuations can result in significant variations in the TMR of MTJs, hindering their practical applications. In this paper, all‐van der Waals Fe3GaTe2/GaSe/Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT/GaSe/FGaT) MTJ devices are constructed, achieving a TMR ratio of 47% at low temperatures and 17% at room temperature. Importantly, the TMR ratio remains stable within a temperature range from 2 to 160 K, breaking the Bloch 𝑇3/2 law. The temperature‐independent TMR is highly related to the enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) with reduced dimensionality is demonstrated. This work paves a promising path to achieve high‐performance, thermally stable 2D spintronic memory chips.
From Single to Multi‐Material 3D Printing of Glass‐Ceramics for Micro‐Optics
Authors: Arriaga‐Dávila Joel , Rosero‐Arias Cristian , Jonker Dirk , Córdova‐Castro Margoth , Zscheile Josua , Kirchner Robert , Aguirre‐Soto Alan , Boyd Robert , De Leon Israel , Gardeniers Han , Susarrey‐Arce Arturo
Published: February 2025

Feynman's statement, “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, underscores vast potential at the atomic scale, envisioning microscopic machines. Today, this vision extends into 3D space, where thousands of atoms and molecules are volumetrically patterned to create light‐driven technologies. To fully harness their potential, 3D designs must incorporate high‐refractive‐index elements with exceptional mechanical and chemical resilience. The frontier, however, lies in creating spatially patterned micro‐optical architectures in glass and ceramic materials of dissimilar compositions. This multi‐material capability enables novel ways of shaping light, leveraging the interaction between diverse interfaced chemical compositions to push optical boundaries. Specifically, it encompasses both multi‐material integration within the same architectures and the use of different materials for distinct architectural features in an optical system. Integrating fluid handling systems with two‐photon lithography (TPL) provides a promising approach for rapidly prototyping such complex components. This review examines single and multi‐material TPL processes, discussing photoresin customization, essential physico‐chemical conditions, and the need for cross‐scale characterization to assess optical quality. It reflects on challenges in characterizing multi‐scale architectures and outlines advancements in TPL for both single and spatially patterned multi‐material structures. The roadmap provides a bridge between research and industry, emphasizing collaboration and contributions to advancing micro‐optics.
The failure of forward guidance: Lessons from the pandemic recovery
Authors: Hogan Thomas L.
Published: February 2025

This paper considers the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's forward guidance in the 2020–2022 recovery from the Coronavirus pandemic. Forward guidance has become a common feature in macroeconomic policy models and a key tool of the Fed's monetary policy. I discuss three strategies for creating effective forward guidance: rules‐based policy, disclosing forecasts or projections, and statements by Fed officials. The Fed instituted some form of each of these strategies during the pandemic recovery. I find, however, that they were implemented in ways that made monetary policy less, rather than more, effective.
Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhou Zi‐Long , Li Jin‐Heng , Li Yan‐Tao
Published: February 2025

Owing to their wide utilizations in synthesis and their products prevalence in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals and functional materials, the alkene difunctionalization methods for the selective transformations of the olefins are important and have attracted much attention form the synthetic chemists. Among them, the electrochemical alkene difunctionalization reaction is particularly promising and has becoming a potent and sustainable tool for the selective transformations of alkenes into vicinal difunctionalized structures in organic synthesis through simultaneous incorporation of two functional groups. Herein, we summarize recent progress in the electrochemical alkene difunctionalization reactions according to the alkene difunctionalization types as well as the category of the radicals over the past five years. By selecting the remarkable synthetic examples, we have elaborately discussed the substrate scope and the mechanisms for the electrochemical olefin difunctionalization reaction.
Revelation Remix: Using Rapture Novels by Evangelical Movements in England and America in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Ashton Cat
Published: February 2025

In the 19th century, a hermeneutic innovation called dispensationalism gained popularity among evangelical Christians, particularly in England and the United States. It combined with another strand of belief called premillennialism to remix the Bible into a new and compelling apocalyptic narrative about the sudden disappearance of all Christians, and the seven years of tribulation that nonbelievers could be expected to endure under the tyranny of the Antichrist. This chapter examines the early Rapture novels Joseph Birkbeck Burroughs’ Titan, Son of Saturn (1905), Milton Stine’s The Devil’s Bride: A Present Day Arraignment of Formalism and Doubt in the Church and in Society, in the Light of the Holy Scriptures: Given in the Form of a Pleasing Story (1910), Joshua H. Foster’s The Judgment Day: A Story of the Seven Years of Great Tribulation (1910), and Sydney Watson’s In the Twinkling of an Eye (1910), The Mark of the Beast (1911), and Scarlet and Purple (1913), and their engagement with popular culture. Although Evangelical Movements in England and America had an uneasy relationship with fiction, with some adaptation it could be used to their purposes, and had unique advantages. I examine the works’ handling of contemporary entertainment, anti-Semitism, anxieties about whiteness, and concerns about new, totalizing systems of thought. While some of the critiques aged poorly even in evangelical circles, some of them were more insightful than they receive credit for.
LC–MS/MS quantification of bacterial and fungal signal peptides via direct injection: a case study of cross-kingdom communication
Authors: Pohl Carolin , Schuster Linda , Rau Cindy , Gutbier Uta , Beil Stephan , Börnick Hilmar , Ostermann Kai , Stolte Stefan
Published: February 2025

Bacteria and yeast use secreted signal peptides, also known as pheromones, for cell–cell communication within their respective species. Recently, genetic modification has allowed for the extension and exploitation of this type of communication, to communication between organisms from different species and even from different kingdoms. This innovative approach is intended to allow for the large-scale production of specific compounds for applications in medicine and biotechnology while producing reduced amounts of by-products. Until now, the detection of signal peptides, which are often short-lived and only present in small amounts, is usually qualitative, non-selective, and time-consuming and/or requires the presence of additional cell types. Here, an ESI-LC–MS/MS method for the specific quantification of signal peptides from yeast (α- and P-factor) and bacteria (CSF) using a TSKgel column operating under HILIC conditions has been demonstrated. The influence of different matrices, their adsorption behavior, and their stability were investigated. In matrix, LOQs of 0.05 µM, 0.03 µM, and 0.02 µM were obtained for CSF, α-factor, and P-factor, respectively. Subsequently, the developed method was applied to the detection of yeast- and bacteria-specific peptides secreted by genetically modified yeasts. It could be demonstrated that under overexpressing conditions, α-factor and P-factor concentrations of 1 µM were measured, while for CSF concentrations as high as 2.5 µM was reached. Finally, the established method permits the simultaneous, quantitative detection of signal peptides in different matrices and without pre-concentration in near-real time, thus advancing the possibility of tracking cross-kingdom communication.

Graphical Abstract
The amplituhedron BCFW triangulation
Authors: Even-Zohar Chaim , Lakrec Tsviqa , Tessler Ran J.
Published: February 2025

The amplituhedron

$\mathcal{A}_{n,k,4}$

A

n
,
k
,
4

is a geometric object, introduced by Arkani-Hamed and Trnka (2013) in the study of scattering amplitudes in quantum field theories. They conjecture that

$\mathcal{A}_{n,k,4}$

A

n
,
k
,
4

admits a decomposition into images of BCFW positroid cells, arising from the Britto–Cachazo–Feng–Witten recurrence (2005). We prove that this conjecture is true.
PSMA antibody, humanized PSMA.CAR10.3, or Cetuximab increases prostate cancer localization of NF-κB p50-deficient immature myeloid cells (p50-IMC) and phagocytosis by their macrophage progeny
Authors: Alzubi Mohammad A. , Barberi Theresa , Friedman Alan D.
Published: February 2025

Adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking the repressive NF-κB p50 subunit (p50-IMC) slows the growth of syngeneic murine prostate cancer and other tumors. Directing p50-IMC to tumors using Fc receptor-bound antibodies (Abs) or surface chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) may increase tumor localization and subsequent phagocytosis of cancer cells by their mature myeloid progeny, potentiating anti-tumor T cell activation. PSMA and EGFR are found on aggressive human prostate cancers, and p50-IMC express receptors that bind the antibody Fc domain. p50-IMC combined with PSMA Ab, EGFR Ab (Cetuximab), or fully humanized PSMA.CAR10.3 manifest increased localization to Myc-CaP murine prostate cancer tumors expressing PSMA or EGFR. Tumor localization is further increased when myelo-depleting 5-fluorouracil precedes p50-IMC administration. Additionally, we find that PSMA Ab, EGFR Ab, or PSMA.CAR10.3 increase in vitro phagocytosis of Myc-CaP cells expressing PSMA or EGFR by p50-IMC-derived macrophages, including in M2-promoting IL-4, which is a component of the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Lack of tolerance of human PSMA or EGFR by immune-competent mice and lack of expression of human PSMA protein in the prostate of AR2-Probasin-hPSMA transgenic mice precluded our ability to determine whether human-specific PSMA or EGFR antibody or PSMA.CAR10.3 increases anti-tumor efficacy of murine p50-IMC. Nevertheless, this study indicates the potential clinical utility of adding a tumor-directing antibody or CAR, including the novel, fully humanized PSMA.CAR10.3, to proinflammatory p50-IMC to optimize the activation of anti-tumor immunity in prostate cancer and other malignancies, and understanding PSMA toxicity in normal but not malignant prostate epithelium may reveal a novel therapeutic opportunity.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote pro-tumor functions of neutrophils in pancreatic cancer via IL-8: potential suppression by pirfenidone
Authors: Yagi Tomohiko , Kagawa Shunsuke , Nogi Shohei , Taniguchi Atsuki , Yoshimoto Masashi , Suemori Kanto , Nagai Yasuo , Fujita Shuto , Kuroda Shinji , Kikuchi Satoru , Kakiuchi Yoshihiko , Teraishi Fuminori , Takagi Kosei , Ohara Toshiaki , Tazawa Hiroshi , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: February 2025

Background

The mechanisms by which neutrophils acquire pro-tumor properties remain poorly understood. In pancreatic cancer, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may interact with neutrophils, directing them to promote tumor progression.

Methods

To validate the association between CAFs and neutrophils, the localization of neutrophils was examined in clinically resected pancreatic cancer specimens. CAFs were produced by culturing in cancer-conditioned media, and the effects of these CAFs on neutrophils were examined. In vitro migration and invasion assays assess the effect of CAF-activated neutrophils on cancer cells. The factors secreted by the activated neutrophils were also explored. Finally, pirfenidone (PFD) was tested to determine whether it could suppress the pro-tumor functions of activated neutrophils.

Results

In pancreatic cancer specimens, neutrophils tended to co-localize with IL-6-positive CAFs. Neutrophils co-cultured with CAFs increased migratory capacity and prolonged life span. CAF-affected neutrophils enhance the migratory and invasive activities of pancreatic cancer cells. IL-8 is the most upregulated cytokine secreted by the neutrophils. PFD suppresses IL-8 secretion from CAF-stimulated neutrophils and mitigates the malignant traits of pancreatic cancer cells.

Conclusion

CAFs activate neutrophils and enhance the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. The interactions between cancer cells, CAFs, and neutrophils can be disrupted by PFD, highlighting a potential therapeutic approach.
Comparison of Hemiarthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, and internal fixation for hip fractures in patients over eighty years of age: factors affecting mortality: a nationwide cohort study of fifty three thousand, four hundred and ninety five patients from Türkiye
Authors: Uzel Kadir , Birinci Murat , Hakyemez Ömer Serdar , Bostanci Bilal , Bingöl İzzet , Öktem Umut , Ata Naim , Ülgü M. Mahir , Birinci Şuayip , Karatosun Vasfi , Atilla Bülent , Azboy İbrahim
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Hip fractures are a common cause of mortality in elderly patients. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors affecting mortality among patients over the age of 80 who underwent surgical treatment for hip fractures.

Methods

We searched the Turkish Ministry of Health’s e-health database to identify patients over 80 years old who had undergone surgery for proximal femoral fractures from 2016 to 2022. This process yielded 53,495 patients. Demographic data as well as comorbidities, blood transfusions, postoperative 90 days medical complications, and mortality was investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for one year mortality in patients undergoing surgical treatment for proximal hip fractures.

Results

The mortality rate was 37.2% in the first year. The mean Charlson comorbidity index(CCI) was 6.8 (range: 4–22). In the postoperative period, 68.6% of the patients received blood transfusions. Logistic regression analysis identified significant predictors of one-year mortality in surgical patients, including male gender, increased age, higher CCI scores, AKI, PE, pneumonia, electrolyte imbalance, gastrointestinal bleeding, blood transfusion, and increased mortality risks with hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation compared to total hip arthroplasty. (p < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions

This large cohort study demonstrated that the mortality rate is high and that the type of surgery, male gender, older age, blood transfusion requirements, and high CCI score are associated with mortality in patients over 80 years of age who have undergone surgery for hip fractures. Preoperative optimization and postoperative care are critical for these vulnerable elderly patients.
Evaluation of intrarenal vein flow patterns during routine echocardiography
Authors: Nagai Tomoo , Horinouchi Hitomi , Hirotsugu Tabata , Ikari Yuji
Published: February 2025

Objective

Intrarenal vein flow (IRVF) abnormalities can predict cardiovascular events including heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of short IRVF scans during routine comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) examinations in a standard TTE laboratory.

Methods

We screened consecutive patients who underwent elective TTE at our Ultrasound Imaging Laboratory between March 2018 and July 2019 and prospectively enrolled those who completed a 5 min IRVF scan during the 30 min TTE procedure.

Results

Among the 2101 screened patients, 1326 were included in the study cohort (age: 73 ± 13 years, 756 men). IRVF abnormalities were detected in 13 (1.0%) patients. Twenty-one cardiac events were observed (1.6%, 21/1326): one myocardial infarction and 20 heart failures. Cumulative survival probability plots were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method within 6 months after the TTE index day and assessed using the log-rank test. The plots revealed significantly worse prognoses in patients with elevated right arterial pressure (RAP) and abnormal IRVF, when compared to normal RAP or normal IEVF (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In a receiver operating curve analysis to predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events, E/e’ had moderate predictive potential (area under the curve: 0.795, p < 0.0001), and the combination of E/e’ and IRVF abnormality had better predictive potential than did E/e’ alone (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

Although rarely observed on TTE, IRVF abnormalities improve the ability of E/e’ to detect cardiac events, especially heart failure. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.