bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of integrating smoking cessation treatment into routine care for people with mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Sawyer Katherine , Fredman Stein Kim , Jacobsen Pamela , Freeman Tom P. , Blackwell Anna K. M. , Metcalfe Chris , Kessler David , Munafò Marcus R. , Aveyard Paul , Taylor Gemma M. J.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPTs) Services could offer smoking cessation treatment to improve physical and psychological outcomes for service users, but it currently does not. This study aimed to understand participants' views and experiences of receiving a novel smoking cessation intervention as part of the ESCAPE trial (intEgrating Smoking Cessation treatment As part of usual Psychological care for dEpression and anxiety). We used the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM‐B) to understand the (i) acceptability of the integrated smoking cessation treatment, (ii) views of psychological well‐being practitioners' (PWPs) ability to deliver the smoking cessation treatment and (iii) positive and negative impacts of smoking cessation treatment.

Methods

This was a qualitative study embedded within a feasibility randomized‐controlled trial (ESCAPE) in primary care services in the United Kingdom (IAPT). Thirty‐six participants (53% female) from both usual care and intervention arms of the ESCAPE trial, including both quitters and nonquitters, were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using a framework approach to thematic analysis, using the COM‐B as a theoretical frame.

Results

Psychological Capability: Integrated smoking cessation treatment was acceptable and encouraged participants to reflect on their mental health. Some participants found it difficult to understand nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Motivation: Participants were open to change during the event of presenting to IAPT. Some described being motivated to take part in the intervention by curiosity, to see whether quitting smoking would help their mental health. Physical Opportunity: IAPT has a natural infrastructure for supporting integrated treatment, but there were some barriers such as session duration and interventions feeling segmented. Social Opportunity: Participants viewed PWPs as having good interpersonal skills to deliver a smoking cessation intervention.

Conclusion

People with common mental illness generally accepted integrated smoking cessation and mental health treatment. Smoking cessation treatment fits well within IAPT's structure; however, there are barriers to implementation.

Patient or Public Contribution

Before data collection, we consulted with people with lived experience of smoking and/or mental illness and lay public members regarding the aims, design and interview schedules. After analysis, two people with lived experience of smoking and mental illness individually gave feedback on the final themes and quotes.
Survivor‐focused timely warnings increase negative stereotyping of survivors but make readers feel safer
Authors: Phills Curtis E. , Brown Elizabeth R. , Wesely Jennifer K. , Hull Kristen , Smith Carolyn , Buehler Anjali J. , Binder Michael
Published: October 2022

Universities in the United States issue “timely warnings” when a sexual assault occurs on campus. Timely warnings should make campuses safer by communicating information that allows community members to make informed personal safety decisions. Unfortunately, these warnings often undermine that safety goal by centering the survivor's actions (i.e., walking alone at night) and characteristics (i.e., wearing revealing clothes), rather than or in addition to the perpetrator's actions (i.e., followed the survivor to their house) and characteristics (i.e., wearing a red shirt). The present research investigated whether including survivor‐focused details in timely warnings causes readers to view survivors as less intelligent (i.e., why else would they walk alone at night?) and more promiscuous (i.e., why else would they wear revealing clothes?). Among three distinct samples (registered voters, US undergraduates, US based MTurk participants), we manipulated whether timely warnings included survivor‐focused details. Survivor‐focused, versus not survivor‐focused, warnings caused participants to view survivors as less intelligent (all three samples) and more promiscuous (US undergraduates and US based MTurk participants). Participants also felt safer when timely warnings focused on the survivor. Notably, feeling safer related to believing survivors were less intelligent (US based MTurk participants). We discuss how survivor‐focused timely warnings may ironically make campuses less safe by discouraging survivors from reporting crimes. Materials, data, and analysis code are available online (https://osf.io/acnqb/?view_only=4c9dd1c7abcd4a6bbd2c68e8412fcbdd).
Efficacy and safety of once‐weekly semaglutide in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes in the SUSTAIN 1, 2, 5 and 9 trials: Post‐hoc analysis
Authors: Araki Eiichi , Harashima Shinichi , Nishida Tomoyuki , Nakamura Jiro
Published: October 2022

Aims/Introduction

The etiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes might differ between specific populations. This post‐hoc exploratory analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs comparators in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes in comparison with the total population from four phase III studies in the Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long‐term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN) program.

Materials and Methods

This analysis was carried out with data from the SUSTAIN 1, 2, 5 and 9 trials. Post‐hoc analyses were carried out to assess outcomes in all participants and in Japanese participants in each study. The primary end‐point was the change from baseline to end of study in glycated hemoglobin (%). The confirmatory secondary end‐point was change from baseline to end of study in bodyweight (kg).

Results

Change from baseline to end of study in glycated hemoglobin with once‐weekly semaglutide ranged from −1.32 to −1.85% points in the overall populations, and −1.69 to −2.49% points in Japanese participants. With once‐weekly semaglutide, relative bodyweight was reduced from baseline to end of study by 4.0–7.3% in the overall populations, and 2.7–10.4% in Japanese participants. In the Japanese subpopulation, no new safety concerns were identified with once‐weekly semaglutide, and there were no adverse events leading to death or severe hypoglycemic episodes.

Conclusions

In this post‐hoc analysis, participants with type 2 diabetes initiating once‐weekly semaglutide experienced improvements in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight in both the overall and Japanese population, and no new safety concerns were identified among Japanese participants, supporting the efficacy of once‐weekly semaglutide in this population.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella Enteritidis isolated from two consecutive Food‐Poisoning outbreaks in Sichuan, China
Authors: Kong Ximei , Chen Jingxian , Yang Yang , Li Ming , Wang Jian , Jia Qu , Wang Yao , Yuan Qiwu , Miao Yanfang , Zhao Pinnan , You Yiping , Zhao Xing , Pei Xiaofang , Zuo Haojiang , Meng Jiantong
Published: October 2022

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) is a primary pathogen that causes foodborne diseases in humans. Although whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) ‐based typing analyses have been increasingly used to investigate food‐poisoning outbreaks, they are rarely applied to the epidemiology of multiple Salmonella outbreaks in Sichuan, China. This study therefore isolated SE from patients and food of two consecutive food‐poisoning outbreaks during 2020 in Sichuan, China. We tracked outbreak origin using epidemiological investigation, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and WGS. We also determined phylogenetic relationships using PFGE, whole and core genome multilocus sequence typing (wg/cgMLST), and whole‐genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analyses. Epidemiological investigations identified a correlation between cake consumption and food poisoning. Thirteen strains isolated from patients and one strain isolated from the cake were confirmed as SE. Among the 14 strains, only six shared the same AST pattern (AMP‐AMS‐Sul‐STR). Isolates from patients and cakes were indistinguishable in PFGE results. All four methods, namely PFGE, wgMLST, cgMLST, and wgSNP were appropriate for bacterial typing in SE‐related outbreak investigation. However, wgSNP can assign 12 SE strains from the first outbreak to one cluster and assign two SE strains from the second outbreak to another cluster, while PFGE, wgMLST, cgMLST did not successfully distinguish the SE strains from different outbreaks. Thus, we conclude that SNP‐based phylogenetic analysis might be a viable method for differentiating SE strains at the outbreak level.
The moisturizing effect of Capparis spinosa fruit extract targeting filaggrin synthesis and degradation
Authors: Lu Yina , Zhang Wenhuan , Zhou Lidan , Xiong Yue , Liu Qing , Shi Xuemei , Tian Jun
Published: October 2022

Background

Small molecular natural products, such as betaine, have unique moisturizing advantages. Capparis spinosa L. fruit is rich in quaternary ammonium alkaloids such as betaine and stachydrine. However, few studies investigated its efficacy and mechanism on human skin.

Objective

Polysaccharides‐free C. spinosa fruit extract (CS) was obtained to study its moisturizing effect and mechanisms focusing on filaggrin (FLG) synthesis and degradation.

Methods

The clinical moisturizing test was carried out on human arms, calves, and faces after CS treatment for 0.5–6 h. The change in the level of FLG, caspase 14, loricrin, and transglutaminase 5 (TGM 5) was measured by immunofluorescence after CS treatment for 4 and 24 h in a reconstructed epidermis model. Also, the content of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) in the stratum corneum was tested by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) both in the epidermis model and human calves.

Results

Compared with glycerin (positive control), 5% CS showed a strong skin hydration effect on arms and calves when applied for 0.5–6 h. Also, the face hydration increased at 0.5 and 4 h. In addition, 3% CS applied to the recombinant epidermis model under low humidity promoted the immunodetected levels of caspase 14 and PCA content but reduced the levels of FLG at 4 h, however, the levels of FLG, loricrin, and TGM 5 were promoted at 24 h. Meanwhile, CS treatment for 4 h in human calves increased the PCA content in the stratum corneum by 29.9%.

Conclusions

Topical application of CS on human skin showed an instant and long‐lasting increase in skin hydration by regulating the FLG network. It promoted FLG degradation to form PCA at 4 h both in vivo and in vitro, increasing FLG synthesis after 24 h, potentially reforming the FLG monomer reservoir to alleviate the skin's dry condition.
Informational roles of pre‐election polls
Authors: Jo Jinhee
Published: October 2022

This paper introduces a pre‐election polling stage to Feddersen and Pesendorfer's two‐candidate election model in which some voters are uncertain about the state of the world. While Feddersen and Pesendorfer find that less informed, indifferent voters strictly prefer abstention, which they refer to as the swing voter's curse, I show that there exists an equilibrium in which everyone truthfully reveals his or her preference in the pre‐election poll and participates in voting. Moreover, even in the truth‐telling equilibrium, the candidate who leads in the poll may lose the election. However, polls can help elections aggregate information more successfully.
Designing genetic studies for people with intellectual disabilities: Practical lessons from a pilot study
Authors: Sellers Adrian , Hudson Sharon , Ledger Joanna , Moorehouse Charlotte , Young Charlotte , Groeber Ian , Knight Bridget , Mill Jonathan , Allard Jon , Shankar Rohit
Published: October 2022

Genetic variations are overrepresented in people with intellectual disability (PwID), particularly those with physical and mental health co‐morbidities, but remain significantly under‐diagnosed. Lack of suitable research studies, a natural extension of the complexities posed of consenting and recruitment is considered culpable. There is a resultant dearth of evidence on establishing bespoke genetic studies for adult PwID. This report outlines the challenges faced in the implementation and administration of a pilot genetic study for adult PwID hoping to better inform future genetic study designs for PwID. Adult participants with a diagnosis of ID (ICD10 F70‐F73) and epilepsy (ICD10 G40) were recruited to The Peninsula study exploring genomic stratification in intellectual disability and epilepsy via the ethically approved Royal Devon and Exeter Tissue Bank (RDETB) (16/SC/016). Managed within the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Exeter Clinical Research Framework, the RDETB was set up to proactively collect and store ‘spare’ tissue from routine clinical procedures such as venepunctures for routine good practice biochemistry monitoring. Participants who satisfied the criteria for the need for routine bloods to monitor their general health were identified to be invited for participation. From October 2017 to March 2020 from a total caseload of 375 PwID and epilepsy, 291 were screened (77.6%), 116 (39.9%) identified as potentially eligible and sent study information and genetic samples obtained from 30 (8%). Analysis showed 75% of PwID had some biochemical abnormalities requiring further medical attention. The recruitment was influenced by the clinical care set up in implementing the sanctioned ethics. However, where bloods were achieved it proved to be beneficial in identifying hitherto undiagnosed medical problems. While the challenges to gain consent, are considerable, the reasonable adjustments needed to facilitate participation and the immediate clinical benefits where engagement was successful are significant.
Tempered functional time series
Authors: Sabzikar Farzad , Kokoszka Piotr
Published: October 2022

We propose a broad class of models for time series of curves (functions) that can be used to quantify near long‐range dependence or near unit root behavior. We establish fundamental properties of these models and rates of consistency for the sample mean function and the sample covariance operator. The latter plays a role analogous to sample cross‐covariances for multivariate time series, but is far more important in the functional setting because its eigenfunctions are used in principal component analysis, which is a major tool in functional data analysis. It is used for dimension reduction of feature extraction. We also establish a central limit theorem for functions following our model. Both the consistency rates and the normalizations in the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) are nonstandard. They reflect the local unit root behavior and the long memory structure at moderate lags.
Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin after single oral and intravenous administration in non‐laying hens
Authors: Chen Jun‐Cheng , Kang Ji‐Jun , Zhang Mei , Shao Hao‐Tian , Song Zhe‐Wen , Ma Kai‐Li , Yang Fang , Yang Fan
Published: October 2022

The current study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in non‐laying hens after a single oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) dose, both at 5 mg/kg body weight (BW). Eighteen 13‐week‐old healthy hens were equally and randomly divided into two groups. After both doses, blood samples (approximately 1 ml) were collected at different time points. Danofloxacin concentrations were quantified by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method followed by a non‐compartmental analysis using the software of WinNonLin. The elimination half‐lives (t1/2λzs) after PO and IV routes were determined as 8.15 ± 3.37 and 7.69 ± 3.40 h, respectively. After IV administration, danofloxacin had an initial concentration (C0) of 3.62 μg/ml, a volume of distribution at steady state (VSS) of 3579.72 ± 454.29 ml/kg, and a total body clearance (Cl) of 0.49 ml/h/g. After PO administration, the absolute bioavailability and absorption half‐life (t1/2ka) were calculated as 100.99% ± 23.10% and 0.82 ± 0.58 h, respectively. Based on the calculated ratio values of AUC/MIC and Cmax/MIC, an oral dose of 5 mg/kg danofloxacin would be expected to successfully treat hens infected with strains with MIC values ≤0.1 μg/ml.
ADAMTS12, a novel prognostic predictor, promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Ming , Yuan Zhenying , Tang Zhangui
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The prognostic significance and potential carcinogenic mechanism of ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 12 (ADAMTS12) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain unclear.

Materials and Methods

Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the correlation between ADAMTS12 protein expression and clinicopathological factors in tumor samples from 195 patients with HNSC. Based on clinicopathological data of patients, Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to identify the prognostic significance of the ADAMTS12 expression. The carcinogenicity of the ADAMTS12 in HNSC cells was analyzed by CCK‐8 assay, the wound‐healing assay, and transwell assays after transfection of ADAMTS12 overexpression or knock‐down vector.

Results

The expression of ADAMTS12 was up‐regulated in HNSC compared with normal tissue, related to pathology grade and lymph node metastasis of patients with HNSC, which was an independent prognostic factor. ADAMTS12 overexpression facilitated cell viability, invasion, and migration of HNSC cells, while ADAMTS12 knock‐down had inverse results. Moreover, enrichment analysis, ADAMTS12 overexpression assay, and ADAMTS12 knock‐down assay confirmed that ADAMTS12 mediated the activation of P13K/Akt pathway in HNSC.

Conclusions

Our studies indicated that ADAMTS12 was a novel prognostic biomarker and potentially therapeutic target in HNSC.
Application of topical betaxolol to cure superficial infantile hemangioma: A pilot study
Authors: Li Chen‐xi , Li Hong , Zhou Yu‐chuan , Gong Zhong‐cheng , Ling Bin
Published: October 2022

Background

Beta‐blockers have gradually become an attractive option for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas. Topical application is preferred to oral administration because of their potential systemic adverse effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of betaxolol in treating superficial infantile hemangioma.

Methods

Seventy‐four infants admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2018 to 2019 were observed and recorded. Variables such as color, size, tension, and thickness were recorded monthly and evaluated using visual analog scales. Multi‐factor analysis of variance with repeated measurements and the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test were used to compare clinical effectiveness across the different groups.

Results

After 6 months of treatment, 33.78% (25/74) showed excellent results, 55.41% (41/74) had good responses, 8.11% (6/74) had moderate responses, and 2.70% (2/74) had poor responses. Local discomfort and systemic complications were not found. There was no significant difference in gender and location of occurrence among groups (p > 0.05), and the effect of topical application of betaxolol was optimum in the children aged 0–3 months (p = 0.002). None of three age groups had statistically significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure after accepting treatment (1 month, p = 0.618; 4 months, p = 0.138; 6 months, p = 0.757).

Conclusions

Our study showed that topical administration of betaxolol was effective and well tolerated for superficial infantile hemangiomas, particularly in the early proliferative stage. However, its safety and efficacy need further research.
SSR genotypes of Puccinia triticina in 10 provinces of China reveal a possible source of the wheat leaf rust fungus
Authors: Xia Xiaoshuang , Li Hongfu , Liu Bo , Gao Li , Chen Wanquan , Liu Taiguo
Published: October 2022

Wheat leaf rust is a fungal disease caused by Puccinia triticina and spread by wind. In recent years, with changes in the climate and farming systems, damage caused by wheat leaf rust has become increasingly severe. To study the genetic structure of P. triticina populations in China and provide a basis for control of wheat leaf rust, collections of P. triticina were obtained from Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces in 2019. A total of 177 single uredinial isolates were tested with 13 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) primers. The results showed that there was frequent gene exchange within P. triticina populations in China, but a distinct population divergence was also revealed between those in Xinjiang and Yunnan provinces. Results also suggested that Inner Mongolia might be a source of P. triticina for other regions. In addition, the linkage disequilibrium test indicated that the P. triticina populations reproduced by clonal production of urediniospores.
The stability and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of enrofloxacin and gentamicin solutions against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius over 28 days
Authors: Park Shin , Oh Taeho , Bae Seulgi
Published: October 2022

Background

Many clinicians prepare compounded otic solutions to treat otitis externa (OE). Research evaluating the stability and antimicrobial efficacy of these solutions is limited.

Hypothesis/Objectives

This study determined the chemical stability and in vitro bactericidal efficacy of compounded solutions of enrofloxacin and gentamicin during storage for 28 days.

Materials and methods

Solutions of enrofloxacin (10 mg/mL, 1%) and gentamicin (3 mg/mL, 0.3%) were prepared with normal saline and 1 mg/mL dexamethasone. Solutions were stored at room temperature (25°C) for 0, 14 and 28 days. The chemical stability of the antibiotics and dexamethasone were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in triplicate. Efficacy assessment was made with 10 isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius obtained from dogs with OE. Serial 10‐fold dilutions of the bacteria with the compounded solutions were prepared and the colony count results were converted into colony‐forming units (cfus). The mean cfu/mL and cfu/mL reduction rates were compared between Day (D)0, D14 and D28. All of the antimicrobial testing solutions were performed in triplicate.

Results

Chromatography showed that both antibiotics and dexamethasone were stable for 28 days. No significant differences were observed in the antibiotic bactericidal efficacy of stored solutions at D0, D14 or D28.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Solutions of 1% enrofloxacin and 0.3% gentamicin in normal saline with 0.1% dexamethasone maintained chemical stability and bactericidal efficacy over 28 days. These solutions can be considered as alternatives to commercial preparations for treatment of canine OE when indicated.
Additive Manufacturability Analysis of Multiscale Aperiodic Structures: A Statistical Mechanics Approach
Authors: Trautschold Olivia , Dong Andy
Published: October 2022

This paper introduces heuristics based upon statistical mechanics to assist in additive manufacturability analysis of multiscale aperiodic structures. The heuristics associate structural properties at a statistical level with manufacturability. They are derived from four topological properties of the complex network representations of multiscale aperiodic structures. The validity of these heuristics is assessed in two ways. First, cross-model validation compares the manufacturability determined by these heuristics when applied to computationally designed crumpled structures and a microCT scan of the same structures when additively manufactured. Second, external validity assesses the correctness of the heuristics given design parameters that increase the potential for manufacturing errors. The results show the significance of statistical mechanics in providing insight into the additive manufacturability of multiscale aperiodic structures. The paper concludes by discussing the generality of this approach for alternative geometries and provides designers with a framework for interpreting manufacturability from a statistical mechanics perspective.
Data-Driven Calibration of Multifidelity Multiscale Fracture Models Via Latent Map Gaussian Process
Authors: Deng Shiguang , Mora Carlos , Apelian Diran , Bostanabad Ramin
Published: October 2022

Fracture modeling of metallic alloys with microscopic pores relies on multiscale damage simulations which typically ignore the manufacturing-induced spatial variabilities in porosity. This simplification is made because of the prohibitive computational expenses of explicitly modeling spatially varying microstructures in a macroscopic part. To address this challenge and open the doors for the fracture-aware design of multiscale materials, we propose a data-driven framework that integrates a mechanistic reduced-order model (ROM) with a calibration scheme based on random processes. Our ROM drastically accelerates direct numerical simulations (DNS) by using a stabilized damage algorithm and systematically reducing the degrees of freedom via clustering. Since clustering affects local strain fields and hence the fracture response, we calibrate the ROM by constructing a multifidelity random process based on latent map Gaussian processes (LMGPs). In particular, we use LMGPs to calibrate the damage parameters of an ROM as a function of microstructure and clustering (i.e., fidelity) level such that the ROM faithfully surrogates DNS. We demonstrate the application of our framework in predicting the damage behavior of a multiscale metallic component with spatially varying porosity. Our results indicate that microstructural porosity can significantly affect the performance of macro-components and hence must be considered in the design process.
My Facts Are not Your Facts: Data Wrangling as a Socially Negotiated Process, A Case Study in a Multisite Manufacturing Company
Authors: Eckert Claudia , Isaksson Ola , Hane-Hagström Malin , Eckert Calandra
Published: October 2022

The condition under which the data wrangling process is undertaken has a profound impact on the quality of the results of the data wrangling and analysis. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the sociotechnical aspects of a data wrangling activity in a large, multi-site global manufacturer. This activity was technically demanding, as operational data from multiple sources and formats needed to be integrated, but also involved interaction with multiple stakeholders in different parts of the world with their own ways of collecting and structuring the data. The data had been captured previously for a different purpose. The clients were not aware that the data followed a different logic in the various sites and in some cases needed to be manually extracted and interpreted. The paper describes the data wrangling process and analyses the assumptions, goals, and biases of the different stakeholders. The analysis raises questions and insights about how data can be trusted and suggests that human intervention with data along the data wrangling process is often un-intentional, tacit, and easily overlooked. It is suggested that contextual factors, such as data quality and assessment of consequences when acting/making decisions on the new data set are given higher attention during the specification of data wrangling assignments. The paper concludes with recommendations for data wrangling practitioners.
Elastic Properties and Bandgaps of Mechanical Metastructures Modified by Tension–Torsion Coupling Component
Authors: Tang Haishan , Zhang Chenglin , Li Li , Ling Ling , Hu Yujin
Published: October 2022

The term “modification” often appears in physics, chemistry, biology, etc., but rarely in structural mechanics, this study proposes the concept of mechanically modified metastructures, which aims to modify conventional mechanical structures so that they can exhibit super-properties never possessed. In this study, we first introduce the coplanarly tension–torsion coupling (TTC) element into ligaments, and then analytically express the effect of the TTC component on the deformation of the general ligamentous model. Then, it is demonstrated that the TTC component can greatly tailor the mechanical properties of the prototypical structure via numerical and experimental results. The positive Poisson’s ratio can be transformed into the negative Poisson’s ratio by the mechanical modification. Moreover, it is found that the introduced TTC component can assist structures to open new bandgaps, and the location, width, and number of bandgaps can be further tuned by changing the mass and stiffness of the TTC component. This study provides a guideline for altering the mechanical properties of the structures not by changing the main geometric characteristics of the prototypical structure but only by introducing a small structural component.
The koru model: The stages of biculturation for foreign-trained social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Staniforth Barbara , Connor Helene
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: This article reports on a project which explored the process of “biculturation” (settling into a country with a bicultural mandate for social work practice) for 20 foreign-trained social workers who moved to Aotearoa New Zealand. This article details the particular theme of stages that the participants navigated in new terrain working within a bicultural framework with Māori.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 20 foreign-trained social workers who had moved to Aotearoa New Zealand to practise social work. A thematic analysis was undertaken with the use of NVivo software.FINDINGS: Participants reported negotiating phases consistent with the international literature on acculturation. Particular challenges were noted regarding coming to terms with the impact of colonisation and the difference between bicultural and multicultural approaches.CONCLUSION: These stages have been represented by the various phases of growth of the fronds of a ponga tree described as the koru model. The stages described should be of use to social workers (or other professionals) who have shifted from one country to another, orare thinking about such a move. This is especially relevant when moving to a country where an indigenous group has experienced the negative impact and trauma of colonisation. The information will also be of use to social work agencies, employers, professional associations and regulatory bodies in understanding the process of acculturation for transnational social workers.
“Asking the ‘dumb’ questions”.
Authors: Rankine Matt , Thomson Andrew
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Reflective social work supervision is essential to professional development, building resilience and client work. However, in child protection, supervision is preoccupied with managing risk and meeting outcomes at the expense of analysis and critical reflection. Oranga Tamariki (OT), the statutory child protection organisation in Aotearoa New Zealand, has recently been scrutinised for poor supervisory practice. The authors worked alongside OT social work supervisors and supervisees to explore ways to generate resilience, learning, self-awareness and develop practices that support reflective capability and well-being in supervision.
METHODS: This article presents data from the pre/post online evaluation of an action research intervention study with OT supervisors and supervisees. The aim of the online survey was to measure participants’ supervision practices, and the extent to which perceptions of confidence, reflection, professional learning and resilience improved.
FINDINGS: The findings are reported from key areas within OT supervision: the frequency of supervision sessions, the functions of supervision, engagement in reflection, supervision- changing practice, resilience and longevity in social work careers and the supervision of supervisors.
CONCLUSIONS: The results from the survey showed social workers had increased confidence as they built reflective capacity, resiliency and improved their supervision practice. The study identified the importance of developing learning spaces that enhance reflective supervision for supervisors and supervisees in child protection.
Direct visualization of cooperative adsorption of a string-like molecule onto a solid
Authors: Morimitsu Yuma , Matsuno Hisao , Oda Yukari , Yamamoto Satoru , Tanaka Keiji
Published: October 2022

Natural systems, composite materials, and thin-film devices adsorb macromolecules in different phases onto their surfaces. In general, polymer chains form interfacial layers where their aggregation states and thermal molecular motions differ from the bulk. Here, we visualize well-defined double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) using atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to clarify the adsorption mechanism of polymer chains onto solid surfaces. Initially, short and long dsDNAs are individually and cooperatively adsorbed, respectively. Cooperative adsorption involves intertwining of multiple chains. The dependence of adsorption on the chain affects the formation of the interfacial layer, realizing different mechanical properties of DNA/filler bulk composites. These findings will contribute to the development of light and durable polymer composites and films for various industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications.
Actuating tension-loaded DNA clamps drives membrane tubulation
Authors: Liu Longfei , Xiong Qiancheng , Xie Chun , Pincet Frederic , Lin Chenxiang
Published: October 2022

Membrane dynamics in living organisms can arise from proteins adhering to, assembling on, and exerting force on cell membranes. Programmable synthetic materials, such as self-assembled DNA nanostructures, offer the capability to drive membrane-remodeling events that resemble protein-mediated dynamics but with user-defined outcomes. An illustrative example is the tubular deformation of liposomes by DNA nanostructures with purposely designed shapes, surface modifications, and self-assembling properties. However, stimulus-responsive membrane tubulation mediated by DNA reconfiguration remains challenging. Here, we present the triggered formation of membrane tubes in response to specific DNA signals that actuate membrane-bound DNA clamps from an open state to various predefined closed states, releasing prestored energy to activate membrane deformation. We show that the timing and efficiency of vesicle tubulation, as well as the membrane tube widths, are modulated by the conformational change of DNA clamps, marking a solid step toward spatiotemporal control of membrane dynamics in an artificial system.
Engineering human mini-bones for the standardized modeling of healthy hematopoiesis, leukemia, and solid tumor metastasis
Authors: Grigoryan Ani , Zacharaki Dimitra , Balhuizen Alexander , Côme Christophe RM , Garcia Alejandro Garcia , Hidalgo Gil David , Frank Anne-Katrine , Aaltonen Kristina , Mañas Adriana , Esfandyari Javanshir , Kjellman Pontus , Englund Emelie , Rodriguez Carmen , Sime Wondossen , Massoumi Ramin , Kalantari Nasim , Prithiviraj Sujeethkumar , Li Yuan , Dupard Steven J , Isaksson Hanna , Madsen Chris D , Porse Bo T , Bexell Daniel , Bourgine Paul E
Published: October 2022

The bone marrow microenvironment provides indispensable factors to sustain blood production throughout life. It is also a hotspot for the progression of hematologic disorders and the most frequent site of solid tumor metastasis. Preclinical research relies on xenograft mouse models, but these models preclude the human-specific functional interactions of stem cells with their bone marrow microenvironment. Instead, human mesenchymal cells can be exploited for the in vivo engineering of humanized niches, which confer robust engraftment of human healthy and malignant blood samples. However, mesenchymal cells are associated with major reproducibility issues in tissue formation. Here, we report the fast and standardized generation of human mini-bones by a custom-designed human mesenchymal cell line. These resulting humanized ossicles (hOss) consist of fully mature bone and bone marrow structures hosting a human mesenchymal niche with retained stem cell properties. As compared to mouse bones, we demonstrate superior engraftment of human cord blood hematopoietic cells and primary acute myeloid leukemia samples and also validate hOss as a metastatic site for breast cancer cells. We further report the engraftment of neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft cells in a humanized model, recapitulating clinically described osteolytic lesions. Collectively, our human mini-bones constitute a powerful preclinical platform to model bone-developing tumors using patient-derived materials.
Translational gaps and opportunities for medical wearables in digital health
Authors: Xu Shuai , Kim Joohee , Walter Jessica R. , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Rogers John A.
Published: October 2022

A confluence of advances in biosensor technologies, enhancements in health care delivery mechanisms, and improvements in machine learning, together with an increased awareness of remote patient monitoring, has accelerated the impact of digital health across nearly every medical discipline. Medical grade wearables—noninvasive, on-body sensors operating with clinical accuracy—will play an increasingly central role in medicine by providing continuous, cost-effective measurement and interpretation of physiological data relevant to patient status and disease trajectory, both inside and outside of established health care settings. Here, we review current digital health technologies and highlight critical gaps to clinical translation and adoption.
Minimally invasive, sustained-release relaxin-2 microparticles reverse arthrofibrosis
Authors: Kirsch Jack R. , Williamson Amanda K. , Yeritsyan Diana , Blessing William A. , Momenzadeh Kaveh , Leach Todd R. , Williamson Patrick M. , Korunes-Miller Jenny T. , DeAngelis Joseph P. , Zurakowski David , Nazarian Rosalynn M. , Rodriguez Edward K. , Nazarian Ara , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: October 2022

Substantial advances in biotherapeutics are distinctly lacking for musculoskeletal diseases. Musculoskeletal diseases are biomechanically complex and localized, highlighting the need for novel therapies capable of addressing these issues. All frontline treatment options for arthrofibrosis, a debilitating musculoskeletal disease, fail to treat the disease etiology—the accumulation of fibrotic tissue within the joint space. For millions of patients each year, the lack of modern and effective treatment options necessitates surgery in an attempt to regain joint range of motion (ROM) and escape prolonged pain. Human relaxin-2 (RLX), an endogenous peptide hormone with antifibrotic and antifibrogenic activity, is a promising biotherapeutic candidate for musculoskeletal fibrosis. However, RLX has previously faltered through multiple clinical programs because of pharmacokinetic barriers. Here, we describe the design and in vitro characterization of a tailored drug delivery system for the sustained release of RLX. Drug-loaded, polymeric microparticles released RLX over a multiweek time frame without altering peptide structure or bioactivity. In vivo, intraarticular administration of microparticles in rats resulted in prolonged, localized concentrations of RLX with reduced systemic drug exposure. Furthermore, a single injection of RLX-loaded microparticles restored joint ROM and architecture in an atraumatic rat model of arthrofibrosis with clinically derived end points. Finally, confirmation of RLX receptor expression, RXFP1, in multiple human tissues relevant to arthrofibrosis suggests the clinical translational potential of RLX when administered in a sustained and targeted manner.
Association between Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Clinical and Microbiological Efficacy in a Cohort of Neonatal Patients
Authors: Mejías-Trueba Marta , Alonso-Moreno Marta , Gutiérrez-Valencia Alicia , Herrera-Hidalgo Laura , Guisado-Gil Ana Belén , Jiménez-Parrilla Francisco , Varela-Rubio Elena , Gil-Navarro Maria Victoria
Published: October 2022

Vancomycin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets have not been validated in the neonatal population as no specifically designed studies are available. The main goal of this study was to analyze the therapeutic vancomycin regimen, the 24-h area under the curve (AUC
24
), and the trough plasma concentration (

C
t

) obtained that achieved clinical and microbiological effectiveness in a cohort of neonates.
Persistent Borrelia burgdorferi
Sensu Lato
Infection after Antibiotic Treatment: Systematic Overview and Appraisal of the Current Evidence from Experimental Animal Models
Authors: Verschoor Y. L. , Vrijlandt A. , Spijker R. , van Hest R. M. , ter Hofstede H. , van Kempen K. , Henningsson A. J. , Hovius J. W.
Published: October 2022

Lyme borreliosis is caused by spirochetes belonging to the
Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato
group, which are transmitted by
Ixodes
tick species living in the temperate climate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. The clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis are diverse and treated with oral or intravenous antibiotics.
Single Seed Microbiota: Assembly and Transmission from Parent Plant to Seedling
Authors: Chesneau Guillaume , Laroche Béatrice , Préveaux Anne , Marais Coralie , Briand Martial , Marolleau Brice , Simonin Marie , Barret Matthieu
Published: October 2022

Seeds are key components of plant fitness and are central to the sustainability of the agri-food system. Both the seed quality for food consumption and the seed vigor in agricultural settings can be influenced by the seed microbiota.
Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Subtype B Infection across Florida Reveals Few Large Superclusters with Metropolitan Origin
Authors: Rich Shannan N. , Prosperi Mattia C. F. , Dellicour Simon , Vrancken Bram , Cook Robert L. , Spencer Emma C. , Salemi Marco , Mavian Carla
Published: October 2022

The large number of missing phylogenetic linkages in rural Florida counties and among women and Black persons with HIV may impact timely detection of ongoing and emerging transmission clusters and ultimately hinder the success of epidemic elimination goals in Florida.
Stochastic and Deterministic Processes Regulate Phytoplankton Assemblages in a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem
Authors: Skouroliakou Dimitra-Ioli , Breton Elsa , Irion Solène , Artigas Luis Felipe , Christaki Urania
Published: October 2022

While ecological deterministic processes are conducive to modeling, stochastic ones are far less predictable. Understanding the overall assembly processes of phytoplankton is critical in tracking and predicting future changes.
Numerical Simulation of the Performance of Single Qubit Gates for Trapped Ions
Authors: Akopyan L. A. , Lakhmanskaya O. , Zarutskiy S. Yu. , Korolev N. D. , Guseva O. , Lakhmanskiy K.
Published: October 2022

Finite gate errors limit performance of modern quantum computers. In this work, we study single qubit gate fidelities for trapped ions. For this we have numerically solved Schrödinger equation using full Hamiltonian of the system for one, two, three and four ions. This approach allows us to analyze gate errors beyond the LambDicke approximation and to take into account not only a finite occupation of the phonon modes, but also the effects related to the ion–phonon entanglement. As a result, we show how infidelity of the global single qubit gates depend on the initial phonon mode occupations, the Lamb–Dicke parameter, Rabi frequency and the number of ions.
Thyroid storm induced by combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kataoka Shunichi , Matsuno Kei , Sugano Koji , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: October 2022

Thyroid storm is a rare and life-threatening condition associated with excess thyroid hormones. Early detection of thyroid storm is the key to decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. We present a rare case of thyroid storm induced by combination therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab in a patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because of prominent hyperthyroidism with gastrointestinal symptoms and signs of heart failure, the patient was diagnosed with thyroid storm 3 weeks after initiating this combination immunotherapy. The patient had no history of thyroid disease but was positive for antithyroid antibodies. This case report suggests that thyroid function and symptoms of suspected thyroid storm should be evaluated routinely within 3 weeks from the initiation of therapy when combination therapy is administered in patients with NSCLC positive for antithyroid antibodies.
‘Love with Less Salt’: evaluation of a sodium reduction mass media campaign in China
Authors: Gupta Ashish K , Carroll Tom E , Chen Yu , Liang Wenzhuo , Cobb Laura K , Wang Yichao , Zhang Juan , Chen Yeji , Guo Xiaolei , Mullin Sandra , Murukutla Nandita
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study examines the impact of a salt reduction campaign on knowledge, attitudes, intentions, behaviours and barriers to behaviour change relating to salt consumption in two provinces of China.

Methods

In 2019, the ‘Love with Less Salt’ campaign ran on China Central Television and on local television channels in Shandong and Anhui provinces. Data for this study come from two representative household surveys conducted among a sample of adults aged 25–65 years in Shandong and Anhui provinces: precampaign (n=2000) and postcampaign (n=2015). Logistic regression was performed to estimate the effects of the campaign on knowledge, attitudes, intentions, behaviours and barriers to behaviour change.

Results

Overall, 13% of postcampaign respondents recalled seeing the campaign, and reactions towards the campaign were positive. Postcampaign respondents were more likely to plan to reduce their purchase of foods high in salt than precampaign respondents (OR=1.45, p=<0.05). Campaign-aware respondents were significantly more likely than campaign-unaware respondents to report higher levels of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding salt reduction.

Conclusions

Findings reveal that salt reduction mass media campaigns can be an effective public health tool to support efforts to reduce salt consumption in China. Continued and sustained mass media investments are likely to be effective in addressing high salt consumption nationwide.