bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la formation des enseignants du domaine technique à la recherche scientifique au sein de l’ENS Cachan, la genèse du laboratoire de mécanique et technologie (LMT)
Authors: Bietti Federico U.
Published: May 2021

Cet article porte sur l’école normale supérieure de Cachan et le laboratoire LMT. Il montre l’évolution d’un enseignement technique dédié à la formation des formateurs de techniciens vers l’institutionnalisation d’une recherche scientifique orientée vers l’industrie. D’abord, il aborde le processus qui va de la formation des formateurs des ouvriers et des contremaîtres de l’industrie mécanique aux débats qui aboutissent à la création d’un laboratoire en sciences de l’ingénieur. L’article explique, ensuite, la création du laboratoire autour de Jean Lemaître, initiateur en France d’une spécialité de l’étude des matériaux métalliques : la science de l’endommagement. Enfin, il analyse le développement du calcul scientifique et la question de l’endommagement des matériaux composites comme spécificité du LMT et de l’équipe organisée autour des travaux de Pierre Ladevèze.
Beyond the Newtonian Paradigm: A Statistical Mechanics of Emergence
Authors: Kauffman Stuart , Roli Andrea
Published: May 2021

Since Newton, all classical and quantum physics depends upon the "Newtonian Paradigm". Here the relevant variables of the system are identified. The boundary conditions creating the phase space of all possible values of the variables are defined. Then, given any initial condition, the differential equations of motion are integrated to yield an entailed trajectory in the phase space. It is fundamental to the Newtonian Paradigm that the set of possibilities that constitute the phase space is always definable and fixed ahead of time. All of this fails for the diachronic evolution of ever new adaptations in any biosphere. The central reason is that living cells achieve Constraint Closure and construct themselves. Living cells, evolving via heritable variation and Natural selection, adaptively construct new in the universe possibilities. The new possibilities are opportunities for new adaptations thereafter seized by heritable variation and Natural Selection. Surprisingly, we can neither define nor deduce the evolving phase spaces ahead of time. We can use no mathematics based on Set Theory to do so. These ever-new adaptations with ever-new relevant variables constitute the ever-changing phase space of evolving biospheres. Because of this, evolving biospheres are entirely outside the Newtonian Paradigm. One consequence is that for any universe such as ours there can be no Final Theory that entails all that comes to exist. The implications are large. We face a third major transition in science beyond the Pythagorean dream that "All is Number". We must give up deducing the diachronic evolution of the biosphere. All of physics, classical and quantum, however, apply to the analysis of existing life, a synchronic analysis. We begin to better understand the emergent creativity of an evolving biosphere. Thus, we are on the edge of inventing a physics-like new statistical mechanics of emergence.
Concern about salient pathogen threats increases sensitivity to disgust
Authors: Boggs Shelby Taylor , Ruisch Benjamin , Fazio Russell
Published: May 2021

Individuals vary substantially in their sensitivity to disgust—differences that have implications for intergroup attitudes, political ideology, and beyond. However, the source of this variability in disgust sensitivity remains a subject of debate. In this work, we test the hypothesis that sensitivity to disgust is "calibrated" by an individual's concern about disease threats in their local ecology. Leveraging the COVID-19 pandemic, we obtain strong support for this hypothesis, finding that disgust sensitivity increased following the COVID-19 outbreak and that the degree of this increase was moderated by an individual's subjective concern about contracting the disease. This work fills a longstanding theoretical gap regarding the sources of variability in disgust sensitivity, while challenging the view that disgust sensitivity is an immutable individual difference. Given the role of disgust in motivating intergroup prejudice and right-wing ideologies, we anticipate that these increases in disgust sensitivity are likely to have important downstream societal implications.
Arguments against efficiency in science
Authors: Peterson David , Panofsky Aaron
Published: May 2021

A recent commentary critiqued the embrace of performance metrics at research universities. Drawing on our research studying the metascience movement, we suggest that the drive to maximize efficiency in science is increasingly extending beyond performance metrics, into labs themselves. Because institutional and public audiences are predisposed to viewing science in simple terms, it can be challenging for scientists to articulate counterarguments to policies that increase transparency and accountability in the name of efficiency. This short piece offers a sketch of an argument against treating efficiency as the lodestar for science.
Experience of digitalization of personal archive collections and their further use
Authors: Petushkova Vlada
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the specifics of the digitization of personal archival funds on the example the unique documentary collection of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR A. N. Kosygin. The algorithm of creating a complete, systematic electronic version of the collection, as well as some methods of preparation for the historical and biographical exhibition, are shown.
Bezpośredniość zamachu oraz współmierność sposobu obrony – granice obrony koniecznej w najnowszym orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego i sądów apelacyjnych
Authors: Grudecki Michał
Published: May 2021

The following article aims at discussing the attributes of the directness of attack and the commensurateness of the means of necessary self-defense, which constitute the most significant, but also the most controversial, prerequisites for the justification of necessary self-defense. The author conducts his study on the basis of selected case law of appeal courts and the Supreme court, dating back four years. In this way, the article allows to delineate the limits of necessary self-defense, as well as present particular cases of exceeding the limits of necessary self-defense.
Środek karny z art. 39 pkt 2b k.k. a prawo ofiary i sprawcy do samostanowienia
Authors: Bek Dominika
Published: May 2021

The penal measure of a prohibition on being in certain communities and locations, on contacting certain individuals or on approaching certain individuals or on leaving a specific place of residence without the court’s consent, evidently restricts the liberty of a person sentenced. The said restriction most of all serves to implement the preventative function of penal law, particularly the protection of the victim against the repeat victimisation. At the same time, however, implementing this measure interferes with the victim’s life. Insofar as the restriction of the perpetrator’s liberty is in this case fully justified, ignoring the opinion of the victim in decision-making process pertaining to implementation of the discussed legal measure does not meet the constitutional criterion of proportionality.
Ukąszenie katechety. Przegrany apophrades Czesława Miłosza
Authors: Potkański Jan
Published: May 2021

Artykuł stanowi interpretację przemiany twórczości i osobowości Czesława Miłosza zgodnie z zaproponowanym przez Harolda Blooma modelem agonu poetyckiego efeba z prekursorem. Autor polemizuje z wcześniejszymi ujęciami twórczości Miłosza w tym duchu – sugerującymi, że najważniejszym nauczycielem poety był Adam Mickiewicz. Tymczasem uważna analiza wspomnień i deklaracji ideowych autora Rodzinnej Europy dowodzi, że źródłowy wpływ, który zdecydował o przebiegu całej dalszej ewolucji Miłosza, wywarł na niego katecheta, ksiądz Leopold Chomski, inne zaś figury mistrzowskie w twórczości poety to przekształcenia obrazu tego pierwotnego nauczyciela.
Pourquoi la fiscalité de l’environnement ne prospère pas
Authors: Hertzog Robert
Published: May 2021

Quelle que soit la définition retenue, la fiscalité de l’environnement a peu évolué depuis une vingtaine d’années et reste un assemblage de dispositions d’importance inégale et d’efficacité incertaine. Les obstacles à son expansion n’ont pas disparu et les perspectives sont peu ouvertes, qu’on se place sur le terrain de la fiscalité interventionniste ou sur celui de la fiscalité de rendement qui devrait être davantage valorisée.
Les villes moyennes en Occitanie : des adaptations nécessaires
Authors: Naudan Chrystelle , Pezziardi André
Published: May 2021

L’analyse d’un panel représentatif de 26 villes moyennes d’Occitanie met en évidence des fragilités communes, notamment dans leur situation financière et dans le fonctionnement des intercommunalités. Elle souligne également les limites des dispositifs de soutien financier mis en place en faveur de ces villes. Elle montre enfin tout l’intérêt de contrôles coordonnés portant conjointement sur plusieurs collectivités territoriales mais aussi sur les politiques menées par l’État.
Stimuler les investissements étrangers : combiner clarté, hospitalité et sécurité
Authors: Pierre Jocelyn
Published: May 2021

La sécurité fiscale apportée à un projet porté par un investisseur étranger, constitue l’un des éléments phares du « paquet fiscal » qu’un pays peut lui offrir. Cet article propose de résumer les grandes lignes de cette sécurité en trois piliers : un « corpus unique » d’accès à la règle fiscale ; un « guichet unique » animé par un interlocuteur de haut-niveau avec lequel l’investisseur pourra engager sur la durée un échange sincère et constructif ; un dispositif de rescrit (advance tax ruling) : véritable contrat entre l’investisseur et l’administration d’accueil, formalisant juridiquement cette relation de confiance. Certains pays en quête d’attractivité des investissements pourraient souhaiter s’en inspirer.
Atención odontológica preventiva y restaurativa en pacientes niños de las parroquias del cantón Cuenca por el proyecto de vinculación. Periodo 2019-2020.
Authors: Samaniego Urrego Mayra Casandra
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia de la atención odontológica preventiva y restaurativa en pacientes niños de las parroquias del cantón Cuenca, periodo 2019-2020. MATERIALES Y METODOS: El presente estudio fue de tipo documental, diseño transversal retrospectivo descriptivo. La muestra consistió en un total de fichas de 219 niños anónimos atendidos bajo el proyecto de vinculación en Cuenca en el periodo 2019-2020.  Se realizó estadística descriptiva para determinar la frecuencia de la atención odontológica mediante el programa Excel 2016. RESULTADOS: La mayor frecuencia de actividades odontológicas preventivas fueron los sellantes con un 22%, en las actividades de restauración fue la operatoria dental con un 14%, no hubo diferencias significativas entre sexo y los niños más atendidos fueron en edades de 0 a 3 años con un 53%.  CONCLUSIONES: Se observa la necesidad de implementar más programas de intervención con el objetivo de comunicar a la comunidad la importancia de transmitir hábitos de higiene oral desde la edad temprana.
El síndrome del perro negro: Revisión de estudios sobre la influencia del pelaje oscuro en la adopción de perros
Authors: Díaz Videla Marcos
Published: May 2021

The overpopulation of pets in shelters requires the implementation of effective strategies to increase the adoption rate. Shelters’ staff usually reports lower adoption rate in dogs of black color fur, what is known as Black Dog Syndrome (BDS). However, its existence seems to be based on anecdotal data. In order to assess this, a systematic review of studies evaluating the effect of dogs’ fur color on different aspects of human behavior, including adoption, was conducted. The investigations show that the BDS does not appear in a universal and direct fashion, but rather, in a regional and secondary manner. Fur color does not work as a particularly useful predictor for shelter dogs’ destination, unlike their age and breed. Encouraging the adoption of adult and crossbred dogs would lead to an increase in the number of this kind of acquisition over others, benefiting a greater number of animals.
Eficiencia de las redes atencionales en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 1: Estudio piloto
Authors: Manríquez Calderón Sarahi del Carmen , Padrós Blazquez Ferrán , Villuendas González Erwin Rogelio
Published: May 2021

Many studies have documented that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are susceptible to structural, metabolic and functional complications involving the central nervous system. To compare the efficiency of attentional networks in T1DM and healthy adults, 5 patients with T1DM and 5 healthy people answered the Attentional Network Test. We analyzed the efficiency of attentional networks: alerting, orienting and executive control in both groups, and the correlation between the efficiency of these networks and blood glucose levels. Although no significant differences in the efficiency of networks between groups were observed, a relation between glycaemia and efficiency of the control network was observed, as well as the influence of the control network on the orientation network.
Datos normativos del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas (IAPS) en una muestra argentina. Segunda parte
Authors: Irrazabal Natalia , Tonini Fernando
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to continue with the validation of the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS), a technique of induction of emotions in an experimental context, and thus provide the normative data obtained in the Argentine population. In the present work the scores of the images that form sets 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 15 of the IAPS are presented. In this way, this article complements the validation of sets 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 14 already published (Irrazabal, Aranguren, Zaldua, & Di Giuliano, 2015). Participants were 646 university students, who scoring in the three emotional dimensions (valence, arousal and control) a total of 412 images belonging to different semantic fields. Similar to previous studies, the images are distributed in the affective space in the form of a boomerang, showing results consistent with the original version of the IAPS as well as validations published in several countries.
The Redundancy Effect on Human Predictive Learning: Evidence against a Propositional Interpretation
Authors: Pinto Jorge A. , Núñez Daniel E.
Published: May 2021

The redundancy effect is the finding of greater learning when an X stimulus is trained in an A+ AX+ blocking procedure, than when a Y stimulus is trained in a BY+ CY- discrimination procedure. These findings are new and theoretically challenging for all conditioning theories that calculate learning based on a common error. For this reason, we alternatively examined the possibility that the phenomenon is the result of a propositional reasoning. In an experiment, we replicated the basic effect and we found out that the addition of instructions on the occurrence of the consequences at a submaximal level does not have a significant impact on the redundancy effect. These findings are discussed with regard to a propositional and associative approach based on the assumption that the experimental stimuli share a common feature.
Conceptual and methodological approaches to the study of Self-Regulation: An inquiry within Developmental Science
Authors: Nachon Juan Ignacio , Segretin María Soledad , Lipina Sebastián Javier
Published: May 2021

The present work intends to thoroughly identify theoretical and practical applications of self-regulation (SR) in contemporary developmental research, by reviewing conceptual and operational definitions of SR, in addition to the methods and instruments used to assess it in empirical studies. 468 scientific articles with cumulative evidence from the last two decades of research were included (142 reviews and 326 original research articles). Using a mixed-methods approach based on grounded theory methodology, the main theoretical and methodological aspects involved in the definition and operationalization of SR were reviewed. Results point towards a growing consensus in the conceptual definition of SR, which emphasizes the interrelation of emotional and cognitive control, goal-oriented activity, physiological and interpersonal processes. Empirical research often considers to diverse biologic, behavioral and social features in the operationalization of the concept, making use of report scales, performance tasks and, to a lesser extent, physiological and observational measurements.
Notas sobre el aspecto del género gramatical
Authors: Carvalho Danniel , Brito Dorothy , Farias Jair
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to discuss the function of grammatical gender in natural languages. From a review of classical works on the origin of gender in Indo-European languages and the nominal aspect partition proposed by Rijkhoff (1991), it is assumed that the marking of grammatical gender determines differences of perspectivization in nouns, based on the hypothesis that gender and number marking are two sides of the same aspectual feature SET. We conclude that the gender marking realization enables more individualized readings of objects, which may be generic or particularized, which was illustrated by a number of languages from distinct families.
Explicaciones de nivel personal en las ciencias del comportamiento animal
Authors: Sánchez Nicolás Sebastián
Published: May 2021

The distinction between personal and subpersonal levels of psychological explanation has proved useful in order to differentiate ways of understanding human behavior. Yet little has been discussed about how these kinds of explanations would work in making sense non-animals’ intelligent behavior. In this paper I assess the main characterizations of personal and subpersonal explanations and how they could be applied in interpreting animal behavior in a scientific setting. Specifically, my claim is that personal level explanation is especially relevant to explain human actions as singular events. Through this, I will argue that instances of animal behavior can potentially be taken as singular events in the same way in which we take human action to be. Thus, personal level explanation plays an important role in behavioral sciences of non-human animals.
Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute attack of gout
Authors:   LLC “Research Center Eco-safety”, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vasilyuk V.B. ,   I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Syraeva G.I. ,   LLC “Research Center Eco-safety”, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation,   I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Faraponova M.V. ,   LLC “Research Center Eco-safety”, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Gout is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis. Medical care for gout includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of NSAIDs prescribed for the acute attack of gout, in particular, AMBENIUM® parenteral. It was demonstrated that phenylbutazone is a powerful NSAID that provides significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering a broad spectrum of adverse reactions of NSAIDs, these agents should be prescribed and used under in-depth analysis of patient’s condition, comorbidities and the level of their decompensation, and potential drug interactions. In addition, optimal dosages and duration of NSAID treatment are of particular importance. The authors conclude that AMBENIUM® parenteral is an effective and safe therapeutic modality for gout. Its profile and risk/benefit ratio are regarded as “favorable” compared to other NSAIDs. KEYWORDS: gout, arthritis, pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, parenteral, efficacy, safety. FOR CITATION: Vasilyuk V.B., Syraeva G.I., Faraponova M.V. Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute attack of gout. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(2):96–101. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-2-96-101.
An Exploration On-demand Article Recommender System for Cancer Patients Information Provisioning
Authors: Afsar Mohammad Mehdi , Crump Trafford , Far Behrouz
Published: May 2021

Information provision plays an important role in ed- ucating patients with serious illnesses, like cancer, to cope with their disease conditions and to actively partic- ipate in shared-decision making process. Recent stud- ies suggest that there is a lack of appropriate educa- tional resources for such patients, specifically prostate cancer patients. To address this issue, in this paper, a Knowledge-based Exploration on-demand article Rec- ommender System (called KERS) is proposed that can provide evidence-based information for patients. Rec- ognizing the fact that exploration is expensive when the user of the system is a human, the main idea in KERS is to minimize exploration while achieving the maximum long-term satisfaction. Therefore, using a knowledge- base developed by an expert in the field, KERS learns user interests as quickly as possible and then it ex- ploits this knowledge to recommend the best articles. Furthermore, KERS needs no information from users beforehand and it learns them through interacting with users. The system will help patients make informed de- cisions, and at the same time, will reduce the burden on the healthcare providers. The results of experiments have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system compared to baseline methods.
Toward a Competitive Agent Framework for Magic: The Gathering
Authors: Alvin Chris , Bowling Michael , Rivers-Green Shaelyn , Siglin Deric , Alvin Lori
Published: May 2021

Magic: The Gathering is a collectible card game that is traditionally a human-based game: two or more players compete with their own custom deck to eliminate their opponent(s). Magic has again surged in popularity with the release of Magic: Arena, a digital substitute for the physical card game. What Magic: Arena lacks is meaningful gameplay with a competitive, intelligent agent. We propose a strategy-based framework for basic decision making in Magic: The Gathering. We describe these procedures and provide experimental evidence for the effectiveness of our approach.
Constraint-Based Bayesian Network Structure Learning using Uncertain Experts’ Knowledge
Authors: Gonzales Christophe , Journe Axel , Mabrouk Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Exploiting experts' knowledge can significantly increase the quality of the Bayesian network (BN) structures produced by learning algorithms. However, in practice, experts may not be 100% confident about the opinions they provide. Worst, the latter can also be conflicting. Including such specific knowledge in learning algorithms is therefore complex. In the literature, there exist a few score-based algorithms that can exploit both data and the knowledge about the existence/absence of arcs in the BN. But, as far as we know, no constraint-based learning algorithm is capable of exploiting such knowledge. In this paper, we fill this gap by introducing the mathematical foundations for new independence tests including this kind of information. We provide a new constraint-based algorithm relying on these tests as well as experiments that highlight the robustness of our method and its benefits compared to other constraint-based learning algorithms.
A Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Approach for Vehicle Damage Detection
Authors: Li Lin , Ono Koshin , Ngan Chun-Kit
Published: May 2021

According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, there is an average of six million motor vehicle crashes every year in the United States. For insurance companies, it is very time-consuming and expensive to process claims for detecting and classifying vehicle damages; thus, deep learning techniques have been used to automate this process to reduce the time and the cost. In this paper, Mask R-CNN is used for image segmentation to identify and crop vehicles from images. Then a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is built to classify whether or not the vehicles have damages. In addition, transfer learning is utilized in both image segmentation and classification phases to help build the models for vehicle detection and damage detection, using the pre-trained weights from Microsoft COCO dataset and ImageNet, respectively. 864 images of damaged vehicles collected from public websites, such as Google Images, are used in this research. The experiment on the detection of bumper damages has achieved 87.5% accuracy.
De-identification of Emergency Medical Records in French: Survey and Comparison of State-of-the-Art Automated Systems
Authors: Bourdois Loick , Avalos Marta , Chenais Gabrielle , Thiessard Frantz , Revel Philippe , Gil-Jardine Cedric , Lagarde Emmanuel
Published: May 2021

In France, structured data from emergency room (ER) visits are aggregated at the national level to build a syndromic surveillance system for several health events. For visits motivated by a traumatic event, information on the causes are stored in free-text clinical notes. To exploit these data, an automated de-identification system guaranteeing protection of privacy is required.In this study we review available de-identification tools to de-identify free-text clinical documents in French. A key point is how to overcome the resource barrier that hampers NLP applications in languages other than English. We compare rule-based, named entity recognition, new Transformer-based deep learning and hybrid systems using, when required, a fine-tuning set of 30,000 unlabeled clinical notes. The evaluation is performed on a test set of 3,000 manually annotated notes.Hybrid systems, combining capabilities in complementary tasks, show the best performance. This work is a first step in the foundation of a national surveillance system based on the exhaustive collection of ER visits reports for automated trauma monitoring.
Agile Tasking of Robotic Systems with Explicit Autonomy
Authors: Cardoso Rafael C. , Michaloski John L. , Schlenoff Craig , Ferrando Angelo , Dennis Louise A. , Fisher Michael
Published: May 2021

Task agility is an increasingly desirable feature for robots in application domains such as manufacturing. The Canonical Robot Command Language (CRCL) is a lightweight information model built for agile tasking of robotic systems. CRCL replaces the underlying complex proprietary robot programming interface with a standard interface. In this paper, we exchange the automated planning component that CRCL used in the past for a rational agent in the Gwendolen agent programming language, thus providing greater possibilities for formal verification and explicit autonomy. We evaluate our approach by performing agile tasking in a kitting case study.
Compilation-Based Approaches to Parallel Planning: An Empirical Comparison
Authors: Pantůčková Kristýna , Barták Roman
Published: May 2021

Automated planning deals with finding a sequence of actions, a plan, to reach a goal. One of the possible approaches to automated planning is a compilation of a planning problem to a Boolean satisfiability problem or to a constraint satisfaction problem, which takes direct advantage of the advancements of satisfiability and constraint satisfaction solvers. This paper provides a comparison of three encodings proposed for the compilation of planning problems: Transition constraints for parallel planning (TCPP), Relaxed relaxed exist-Step encoding and Reinforced Encoding. We implemented the encodings using the programming language Picat 2.8, we suggested certain modifications, and we compared the performance of the encodings on benchmarks from international planning competitions.
Learning from low precision samples
Authors: Choi Ji In , Georges Madeleine , Shin Jung Ah , Wang Olivia , Zhu Tiffany , Shah Tapan
Published: May 2021

With advances in edge applications in industry and healthcare, machine learning models are increasingly trained on the edge. However, storage and memory infrastructure at the edge are often primitive, due to cost and real-estate constraints.A simple, effective method is to learn machine learning models from quantized data stored with low arithmetic precision (1-8 bits).In this work, we introduce two stochastic quantization methods, dithering and stochastic rounding. In dithering, additive noise from a uniform distribution is added to the sample before quantization. In stochastic rounding, each sample is quantized to the upper level with probability p and to a lower level with probability 1-p.The key contributions of the paper are as follows:

For 3 standard machine learning models, Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees and Linear (Logistic) Regression, we compare the performance loss for a standard static quantization and stochastic quantization for 55 classification and 30 regression datasets with 1-8 bits quantization.

We showcase that for 4- and 8-bit quantization over regression datasets, stochastic quantization demonstrates statistically significant improvement.

 We investigate the performance loss as a function of dataset attributes viz. number of features, standard deviation, skewness. This helps create a transfer function which will recommend the best quantizer for a given dataset.

We propose 2 future research areas,

dynamic quantizer update where the model is trained using streaming data and the quantizer is updated after each batch and

precision re-allocation under budget constraints where different precision is used for different features.
Population-Based Novelty Searches Can Converge
Authors: Wiegand R. Paul
Published: May 2021

Novelty search is a powerful tool for finding sets of complex objects in complicated, open-ended spaces. Recent empirical analysis on a simplified version of novelty search makes it clear that novelty search happens at the level of the archive space, not the individual point space. The sparseness measure and archive update criterion create a process that is driven by a clear pair of objectives: spread out to cover the space, while trying to remain as efficiently packed as possible driving these simplified variants to converge to an
The Uncertainty of Counterfactuals in Deep Learning
Authors: Brown Katherine Elizabeth , Talbert Doug , Talbert Steve
Published: May 2021

Counterfactuals have become a useful tool for explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Counterfactuals provide various perturbations to a data instance to yield an alternate classification from a machine learning model. Several algorithms have been designed to generate counterfactuals using deep neural networks; however, despite their growing use in many mission-critical fields, there has been no investigation to date as to the epistemic uncertainty of generated counterfactuals. This could result in the use of risk-prone explanations in these fields. In this work, we use several data sets to compare the epistemic uncertainty of original instances to that of counterfactuals generated from those instances. As part of our analysis, we also measure the extent to which counterfactuals can be considered anomalies in those data sets. We find that counterfactual uncertainty is higher in three of the four datasets tested. Moreover, our experiments suggest a possible connection between reconstruction error using a deep autoencoder and the difference in epistemic uncertainty between training data and counterfactuals generated from that training data for a deep neural network.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНА ПОБУДОВА МОДЕЛІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНО БЕЗПЕЧНОГО СУСПІЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Гобела Володимир , Гузенко Ірина
Published: May 2021

Дослідження присвячено актуальній проблемі формування концепції екологічно безпечного суспільного розвитку, обґрунтовано актуальність даної проблеми з огляду на стан вітчизняної економіки та довкілля. Здійснено теоретичний аналіз основних положень та напрямів екологічної етики, проаналізовано їх вплив на свідомість та поведінку людини в еколого-економічних системах. Досліджено теоретичні засади та основні підходи до забезпечення екологічно безпечного розвитку. Виокремлено основні концепції трансформації суспільного розвитку в екологічно безпечний та здійснено їхній аналіз. В результаті порівняння їхніх основних положень та враховуючи результати емпіричних досліджень зроблено висновок та обґрунтовано необхідність впровадження концепції антизростання. Зазначена концепція сприятиме досягненню економічних цілей розвитку та збереження довкілля та забезпечення екологічної безпеки. На основі результатів аналізу побудовано теоретичну модель екологічно безпечного розвитку держави.
NON-FINANCIAL REPORTS AS A TOOL TO INCREASE THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Гречко Алла , Очеретяна Олександра
Published: May 2021

In the article, the main defect of financial reporting are certain about forming of investment attractiveness of enterprise and reasonably how they are decided by the unfinancial accounting. Considered known standards of the unfinancial accounting, and also their comparative analysis is carried out. The brought list over of often used guidances and frameworks for the strictly specialized standards in an ecological and social direction. The necessity of objective illumination of both positive and negative influences of enterprise is reasonable. Opening of information, that forms the investment attractiveness of enterprise, is considered, on the example of the standard of GRI. The described procedure for inspecting the investment object is due diligence. The results of questioning of investors are considered by two world accountant-consulting companies about the efficiency of the unfinancial accounting.
ВІДНОСИНИ ВЛАСНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Григорук Анатолій , Литвин Любов
Published: May 2021

У статті розглянуто відносини власності в контексті їх місця і ролі в економіці України. Визначено власність, як стержень економічної системи, безпосередньо впливає на процеси в ринковій економіці України. Зазначено, що відносини власності виникають внаслідок відносин між людьми, групами людей, державою тощо з приводу з приводу привласнення об’єктів власності й перш за все засобів виробництва та його результатів. Висвітлено так звану тріаду власності яка визначається трьома основними правочинностями – володіння, користування і розпорядження. Охарактеризовано сутність поняття «власність» з економічної та юридичної точки зору. Визначено власність як складну і багатогранну категорію. Висвітлено основні типи і форми власності в економіці України. Зазначено, що сьогодні в Україні відбуваються істотні перетворення у відносинах власності, а для стабільності економічної системи суспільства повинні бути присутні всі типи, види та форми власності.
ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC WORKS AND EXECUTIVE SURVEY INSTALLATION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES
Authors: Kovalenko L. , Yemets V.
Published: May 2021

Modern construction of bridge crossings is impossible without engineering and geodetic works. When transferring a project to the terrain, it is necessary to perform measurements in the horizontal and vertical planes with high accuracy. Geodetic works, to secure the design position and dimensions of both the entire sporida and its surrounding parts, to be carried out by procrastination before the construction of the bridge. Geodetic work during the construction of bridges and other structures is a complex of measurements, calculations and constructions on the ground, in which the design placement of structures must be ensured. The purpose of the article is to consider engineering and geodetic works during the construction of a bridge as part of a combined bridge crossing. At the stages of the construction of the bridge, the accuracy of the project is required, which will ensure geodesic work. These include: the breakdown of bridge supports at different stages of their construction, control of the erection of the superstructure and its installation on the support parts. To perform geodetic works such equipment as an electronic total station "Sokkia 630" and a digital level of the brand "Trimble DiNi" were used. The coordinates of the benchmarks were obtained and entered into the plan of the area. To work with them, anchors were driven into the asphalt and soil, photographed and entered into the documentation. On the pillars of the bridge were glued marks for the notch of the device, with a reflective effect. The data of coordinates and heights were entered into the memory of the total station. The method and procedure for geodetic works during the installation of bridge spans depend on their design and materials. At present, the most common methods of superstructures erection include hinged and semi-hinged assembly, assembly on the slipway, assembly on the shore with subsequent thrusting. When installing superstructures, the main tasks of geodetic support are to determine the straightness of the main beams and measure the so-called building lift. In the practice of bridge building, the degree of use of industrial construction methods is growing, that is, the manufacture of individual structural blocks with their subsequent connection at a regular place, which contributes to an increase in labor productivity and the quality of bridges.
IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF HARMONIC VOLTAGE SOURCES IN POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors: Kalyuzhniy D.
Published: May 2021

Non-sinusoidal voltage in power supply systems leads to economic losses that need to be distributed and compensated. This problem is solved on the basis of the problem of identification and evaluation of the influence of voltage distortion sources. To date, existing methods for identifying and assessing the impact of harmonic voltage sources have significant limitations of practical implementation. This is due to their basic mathematical model and local approach to measuring the parameters of the network. In the given research the new mathematical model of identification and an estimation of harmonic voltage sources that is focused on the distributed measuring system is presented. The criterion for identifying harmonic voltage sources is the distorting nodal current. To adequately determine it, it is necessary not only to measure the parameters of the network mode in the base nodes by the currents of the higher harmonic components, but also to control the structure and parameters of the replacement circuit of the entire power supply system. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to use a distributed measuring system, which is based on vector measurement systems and control systems. The estimation of the influence of harmonic voltage sources is directly proportional to the distorting nodal current, where the coefficient of proportionality is either mutual or intrinsic resistance of power supply systems, that connects the location of the distortion source and the place for which its influence is estimated. In order to control the influence of measurement errors and determine the parameters of circuits for replacing elements of the power supply system, the method and algorithm for identifying and assessing the impact of harmonic voltage sources should be developed based on the principle of excluding one of the voltage distortion sources.
CONTACT CLARIFIERS IN THE PREPARATION OF DRINKING WATER
Authors: Dushkin S. , Blagodarna G. , Dushkin S. , Shevchenko T.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the problem of improving the technological process of clarifying water for drinking purposes using contact clarifiers, which allows to reduce the consumption of reagents, improve water quality, reduce capital and operating costs, and reduce the cost of water.
The method of water treatment, based on the use of the phenomenon of contact coagulation, is called the method of contact clarification. This method is able to provide a high and stable effect under various physicochemical conditions of coagulation, changing according to the seasons of the year with lower doses of coagulant than in the usual scheme of water treatment with sedimentation and filtration.
It was found that the contact coagulation of suspended and colloidal impurities of water on sand grains when water moves through granular filters is faster, more complete, more stable when the physicochemical conditions of coagulation change according to the seasons of the year. And, finally, at lower doses of coagulant than the usual coagulation of these impurities in the free volume of water in flocculation chambers and settling tanks.
It is advisable to use contact clarifier in one-stage treatment schemes for low-turbid colored waters, when the total content of suspended solids in the water supplied to the contact clarifiers, including the suspension that is formed as a result of the introduction of reagents into the water, does not exceed 150 mg/dm3. With a higher suspension content in water, the water consumption for flushing contact clarifiers increases sharply.
It was found that the zones of contact coagulation when using a conventional coagulant solution are slightly smaller than when treating water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate (the latter takes place on the curves of contact coagulation of both low-turbid and turbid waters). The analysis of contact coagulation zones shows that when treating water using a modified coagulant solution, it makes it possible to reduce the calculated doses of coagulant by an average of 30-45% without deteriorating the quality of water clarification.
Experimentação, Ciência e Ensino: concepções e relações na formação inicial de professores do Petciências
Authors: Bremm Daniele , Silva Lenice Heloísa de Arruda , Güllich Roque Ismael da Costa
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta e analisa as concepções e relações de experimentação, Ciência e ensino pertencentes a professores de Ciências em formação inicial, participantes do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PETCiências). Foi possível verificar que os licenciandos compreendem a importância das atividades experimentais para a aprendizagem, sendo mais frequente a concepção de experimentação contextual-investigativa; já as concepções de Ciência e de ensino ainda estão em nível tradicional, mas apresentam certa tendência à evolução para perspectivas mais transformadoras e contextuais. Percebemos a importância da reflexão sobre a própria prática, por meio da escrita narrativa e apostamos no potencial do PETCiências como coletivo importante no processo de formação inicial, permitindo o diálogo intermitente entre prática e a teoria.Palavras-chave: Investigação-formação-ação; Escrita reflexiva; Ensino de Ciências. Experimentation, Science and Education: conception and relations in initial teaching formation of PetciênciasAbstract: This article presents and analyzes experimentation conceptions and interrelationships, Science and education that belongs to Science teachers in initial formation, who are part of the Tutorial Education Program (PETCiências). It was possible to verify that teachers in formation understand the importance of experimental activities to improve learning, being more frequent the investigative-contextual conception of experimentation, conceptions of science and teaching are still at the traditional level, but they tend to evolve towards more transformative and contextual perspectives. Science and teaching conception are still at the traditional level, but they already present a certain bias to evolution to a more transforming and contextual perspective. We notice the importance of thinking about your own practice, through narrative writing and we bet in PETCiências’ potential as an important collective in the initial formation process, allowing intermittent dialogue between practice and theory.Keywords: Investigation-Formation-Action; Reflective writing; Science Teaching.
O ensino de estatística e a percepção de estudantes sobre o impacto do uso dos agrotóxicos
Authors: Silva Sidnéia Almeida , Cazorla Irene Mauricio
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento e implementação de uma sequência de ensino que visou a apropriação dos conceitos estatísticos em contexto, tendo por tema agrotóxicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de intervenção, pautada no letramento estatístico proposto por Gal (2002) e no ciclo investigativo de Wild e Pfannkuch (1999), além das orientações de Gil (2008) e Vieira e Dalmoro (2008) na construção da escala Likert. Participaram do estudo 46 estudantes de um colégio situado em um município produtor de hortifrúti e consumidor de agrotóxicos. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes se envolveram em todo o processo investigativo, realizaram atividades estatísticas, deram sentido aos resultados encontrados e aguçaram sua consciência no cuidado com o meio ambiente, alimentos e saúde.Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática; Ensino de Estatística; Ciclo Investigativo; Letramento Estatístico; Agrotóxico. Statistics teaching and students 'perception on the impact of the use of agrotoxicsAbstract: This work aims to analyze the development and implementation of a teaching sequence that aimed at the appropriation of statistical concepts in context, with the theme of pesticides. It is an intervention research, based on the statistical literacy proposed by Gal (2002) and the investigative cycle of Wild and Pfannkuch (1999), in addition to the guidelines of Gil (2008) and Vieira and Dalmoro (2008) in the construction of the Likert scale. 46 students from a school located in a horticultural producer and pesticide consumer city participated in the study. The results show that students were involved in the entire investigative process, they performed statistical activities, gave meaning to the results found and sharpened their awareness in caring for the environment, food and health.Keywords: Mathematical Education; Teaching Statistics. Investigative Cycle. Statistical Literacy. Pesticide.
Conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes de ensino superior de química a respeito da tabela periódica
Authors: Pacheco Jailson Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este artigo buscou identificar os conhecimentos prévios sobre algumas temáticas relacionadas à história da tabela periódica em um minicurso ministrado de forma remota na Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) usando uma coleta de dados on-line. O foco dessa busca foi detectar a presença da mulher na construção da ciência, a descoberta de elementos artificiais e o impacto do Ano Internacional da Tabela Periódica nos conhecimentos dos alunos. Como resultado preliminar, reconheceu que os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos estavam assentados nos conteúdos de livros didáticos, com pouca relação com a divulgação científica e as pesquisas recentes. Esses resultados são fundamentais para se repensar a docência no Ensino Superior e o planejamento de atividades focadas na aprendizagem dos alunos.Palavras-chave: tabela periódica; conhecimentos prévios; ensino de química. Previous knowledge of higher education chemistry students about the periodic tableAbstract: This article sought to identify previous knowledge on some themes related to the history of the periodic table in a distance course at the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG) using online data collection. The focus of this search was to detect the presence of women in the construction of science, the discovery of artificial elements and the impact of the International Year of the Periodic Table on students' knowledge. As preliminary results, he recognized that the students' previous knowledge was based on the contents of textbooks, with little relation to scientific dissemination and recent research. These results are fundamental to rethink teaching in higher education and planning activities focused on student learning.Keywords: periodic table; previous knowledge; chemical education.