bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A151: The Monitoring of Health-Related Indices on Chinese Undergraduates
Before, During, After COVID-19
Authors: Liu Dongxiao , Wang Yanxin , Zhang Aowei , Gong Shijun
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: China, as the first country who suffered
the outbreak of COVID-19, reacted quickly to prevent the transmission of the
epidemic by lockdown policy. Today, it has been one year since China
declared the end of COVID-19. This research intended to explore the real
effects of the pandemic on contemporary undergraduate physical fitness by
screening and analyzing National Students Fitness Test data, comparing the
data before, during, and after COVID-19.

Method: Research has analyzed National Students Fitness Test
data in the periods before, during, and after COVID-19 in a Chinese
university, discussing the effects of COVID-19 such as the difference in
body shape, respiratory system function, body strength, speed, flexibility
quality, and endurance quality. In total, 14,708 college students
participated, including 6,125 males and 8,583 females. In the analysis
approach, using SPSS 26.0, paired-samples T test compared mean differences
within the data. Students came from different provinces with sufficient
cultural diversity, which attenuates risk of bias.

Results: Before the outbreak, the BMI index of college students
was 20.15, and it rose to 20.31 during the outbreak, as well as 20.45 at the
end of the epidemic. Before the epidemic, the 50 m time was 8.48 s, which
increased to 8.81 s during the epidemic and 8.77 s at the end of the
epidemic. Before the outbreak, standing long jump was 182.1 cm, 178.9 cm
during the outbreak, and 182.84 cm after the outbreak. The sit-and-reach was
13.26 cm before the outbreak, 15.9 cm during the outbreak, and 16.2 cm after
the outbreak. The vital capacity was 3,230.87 before the outbreak, 3,201.52
during the outbreak, and 3,091.11 after the outbreak. The endurance index
decreased first and then increased, and the overall difference was small
compared with before the epidemic, while the strength index declined for
three consecutive tests.

Conclusion/Discussion: According to the comparison of the data
before, during, and after the outbreak, the study found that the epidemic
influenced the students' BMI to continue to rise, and their strength and
vital capacity to continue to decline, which was greatly affected. However,
endurance and explosive power rebounded after the pandemic.
A152: Effect of Physical Activity Intervention in Kindergarten Mobile
Area on Children's Lower Limb Motor Ability
Authors: Ji Xinqi , Shi Shaofeng , Luo Dongmei , Qu Sha , Zhao Xing
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Displacement skills are a very important
basic motor skill in early motor development of young children, and the
motor quality related to lower limbs is also closely related. Based on the
design idea of regional physical activities, this study designed the
physical game courses for the outdoor mobile area of kindergartens, to
provide reference for improving children's lower limb motor ability.

Method: Kindergarten children were selected as study
participants, including 33 children in the experimental group and 35
children in the control group. The experimental group conducted an 8-week
regional sports game course, 3 times a week for 30 minutes each time
(practice density of about 30%, load of about 60%); The control group was
engaged in regular physical activities in the kindergarten. Before and after
the intervention, the children's lower limb-related motor qualities
(10-meter turn-back run, cross-quadrant jump, standing long jump, two-legged
continuous jumping) and displacement skills (TGMD-2 locomotor subscale) were
tested. The paired t-test and the independent-sample t-test were used for
data analysis to test the differences between the groups before and after
the intervention and between the two groups, with P < 0.05 defining
significant differences.

Results: There were no significant differences in lower limb
quality and displacement skills between the control group and the
experimental group before intervention (P > 0.05). Before and after
intervention, only the 10-meter turn-back run performance of the control
group was improved (P < 0.05). Except for the cross-quadrant jump, there
were significant differences in the lower limb quality indices in the
experimental group (P < 0.05), and the scores of standing long jump,
one-legged hop, and side slide step were improved in displacement skills (P
< 0.05). After the intervention, the experimental group performed better
than the control group (P < 0.05) in standing long jump, cross-quadrant
jump, and two-legged continuous jumping, and the scores of running, standing
long jump, one-legged hop, and side slide step were higher than those in the
control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion/Discussion: The 8-week physical activity course
intervention in the mobile area effectively improved the children's lower
limb motor quality and displacement skills. The results showed that the
systematic physical activity curriculum for children promoted the
development of children's physical fitness and motor maturity in a more
targeted manner.
A153: Virtual Intelligent Sports Equipment: Gender Differences in
Consumer Psychology Among College Students
Authors: Zhu Xinyi , Chen Shanping , Wu Yuyan
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Virtual Intelligent Sports Equipment (VISE) primarily
refers to sports fitness mobile applications. Scholars utilize the
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the psychological factors
underlying consumption behavior. However, existing research lacks sufficient
attention to gender differences. Investigating gender differences is crucial
for a deeper understanding of consumer psychology, facilitating the
formulation of gender-specific marketing strategies. This study aimed to
analyze the consumption psychology of VISE among college students, examining
gender differences to provide insights for promoting high-quality
development in the sports industry.

Method: Undergraduate students from four universities in
northwest China were surveyed, yielding 1,333 valid questionnaires (726
females, 607 males). The questionnaire utilized a 5-point Likert scale to
assess Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PE), Perceived
Playfulness (PP), Perceived Risk (PR), and Consumption Intention (CI). SPSS
was employed for validity and reliability testing, as well as mean
difference testing. AMOS was used for Confirmatory Factor Analysis and
multiple-group structural equation modeling.

Results: Full-sample analysis: The measurement model
demonstrated good reliability and validity (Cronbach' α > 0.9, CR >
0.8, AVE > 0.7), with satisfactory fit of the structural model (CMIN/DF =
4.174, GFI = 0.963, AGFI = 0.945, TLI = 0.983, CFI = 0.987, RMSEA = 0.049).
In the multi-group analysis: among females, PR had no significant impact on
CI (β = -0.017, P > 0.05), while PE (β = 0.192), PU (β = 0.248), and PP
(β = 0.432) all had a positive effect on CI (P < 0.01), with the path
coefficient from PE to CI being significantly higher than in males (Z =
2.577, P < 0.05). Among males, PE had no significant impact on CI (β =
0.04, P > 0.05), while PU (β = 0.28) and PP (β = 0.435) positively
influenced CI (P < 0.01), and PR had a negative impact on CI among males
(β = -0.152, P < 0.01), with the path coefficient significantly higher
than in females (Z = 2.755, P < 0.05). Mean comparisons: female averages
for PP, PU, and CI were significantly higher than in males (P < 0.01),
while male averages for PR were significantly higher than in females (P <
0.01).

Conclusion: PP, PU, PE, and PR influence college students' VISE
consumption intention. Factors influencing females' VISE consumption
intention include PU, PP, and PE, while for males, it is PU, PP, and PR.
Females prioritize device simplicity, while males prioritize device safety.
Females demonstrate higher sensitivity to PP and PU compared to males, while
males exhibit higher sensitivity to PR compared to females. The inclination
of women towards VISE consumption is stronger than that of men, suggesting
the need for device researchers to design with gender considerations in
mind.
A158: Research on the Realistic Dilemma and Practical Path of Chinese
Community Sports Park
Authors: Liao Yiyang
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: As an important part of the national fitness public
service system, community sports parks are a key step to promote the
successful implementation of the strategy of sports power and healthy China.
Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, policies to promote the development of
community sports parks have been frequently implemented, but the development
and construction of some community sports parks are still not ideal.
Therefore, this study examined the existing problems through investigation
and research on the current situation of community sports parks, and puts
forward targeted solutions to provide a reference for the sustainable
development of community sports parks.

Methods: Employing CNKI as the database, the search keywords included
"community sports park,” “national fitness space.” Literature sources were
sourced from SCI, SSCI, and the Peking University Core. Investigations were
conducted on community sports parks in Shanghai, Chengdu, Chongqing, and
other places, summarizing the existing problems of community sports parks in
China.

Results: Through investigation and analysis, it concludes that there are
problems in four aspects of community sports parks in China: system dilemma
(the relevant resources are not in place, and the development momentum is
insufficient, such as lack of standardized policies, land and capital are in
short supply); construction dilemma (the design concept is lagging behind,
and the supporting facilities are not perfect, such as the design is not
involved in the operation, the functional area of the park and the rest area
are few); governance dilemma (the management system is not perfect, and the
degree of wisdom is low, such as the single manager, fewer intelligent
facilities, the "digital divide" problem of the elderly); service dilemma
(the supply content is relatively simple, and the demand is difficult to
meet, such as fewer types of sports services, and the sports demand of the
whole population is not covered).

Conclusion/Discussion: Based on the research review, this study
systematically examined the existing problems of community sports parks from
the perspectives of macro system, meso mechanism, and micro practice, so as
to explore their development paths in a targeted way, and puts forward
practical paths that can promote the sustainable development of the parks:
improve the top-level system design and introduce market mechanisms; adhere
to the people-oriented concept and improve the supporting facilities;
mobilize multiple subjects to participate and build a digital platform; and
implement differentiated supply to meet the needs of the masses.
A175: Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Physical Fitness in
Chinese Preschool Children
Authors: Hong Jintao , Wang Jingjing , Chen Sitong , Feng Jie
Published: January 2025

Background: The early years are a critical period for the
development of health-related physical fitness (PF). National surveillance
data showed that PF decreased among Chinese preschool children aged 3-6
years. There is a widespread call for effective physical activity (PA)
intervention strategies for this age group. Nevertheless, the depth and
breadth of the evidence on such interventions in Chinese preschoolers
remains relatively small. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to
investigate the effects of PA interventions on PF in typically developing
Chinese young children.

Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a literature search
was carried out for full-text articles published in journals on China
National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Web of Science,
PubMed, and EBSCO from inception to February 2024. Search terms were used in
combinations: (preschool* OR kindergarten OR child*) AND (OR activ* OR
exercis* OR game*) AND (intervention OR program OR trial) AND (physical
fitness OR health-related fitness OR physical performance) AND (China OR
Chinese). The inclusion criteria were: (1) sample which was comprised of
healthy, normal developing Chinese children (3-6 years) without motor or
mental impairments; (2) intervention studies with implementation of any
forms of PA; (3) outcome measures for changes in PF.

Results: A total of 35 studies were included. Among eligible
literature, 25.7% of studies (n=9) were reported as randomized controlled
trials, 17.1% of studies (n=6) were cluster-randomized controlled trials and
the remaining 57.2% (n=20) were non-randomized controlled trials. Sample
sizes ranged from 50 to 2132 (51.2% boys). Intervention duration varied from
two weeks to sixty weeks. The sessions were held once to seven times a week,
and the duration of one intervention session varied from 15 to 120 minutes.
There was a large variation in the content of PA interventions from
structural physical exercise curriculum, traditional Chinese games, and
specific sport games (e.g., basketball, football, wushu) to multiple
programs including interventions on levels of schools, teachers, and
parents. Most of the included studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of
PA interventions on preschoolers' flexibility, agility, balance, and
coordination ability, while significant effects were rarely observed in
anthropometric indicators.

Conclusion: PA interventions were consistently found to be
favorable to a broad range of physical fitness indicators in Chinese
preschool children. We recommend researchers conduct more studies with
high-quality designs to testify the effectiveness of PA strategies in
improving PF among young children.
A024: Adverse Childhood Experiences on Social Participation and Informal
Social Support in Adulthood in China
Authors: Chen Lu , Gao Yan
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a
significant impact on the developmental trajectory of healthy aging. The
profound impact of ACEs on individuals may spill over to influence the
informal social support and social participation (SP) of middle-aged and
older adults. However, the precise influence of ACEs on SP and informal
social support is not yet clear. Therefore, to fill the research gap, we
examined the characteristics of different subgroups of ACEs and analyzed the
effects of ACEs on SP and informal social support among middle-aged and
older adults.

Method: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement
Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011 - 2018) and the 2014 Life History Survey
(N=11070). Diverse aspects of SP frequency, informal social support, and
ACEs were identified based on the CHARLS questionnaire items and ACEs were
categorized using latent profile models. The fixed effects model was used to
understand the impact of ACEs on SP and informal social support and to
explore differences in ACE subgroups.

Results: Three distinct subgroups of ACE were determined. It
was found that in the group with excellent and good parental mental group,
older adults with poorer parental mental health, lower quality family
relationships, and better socioeconomic conditions were more likely to
engage in SP with higher frequency (p < 0.05). There was a clear
correlation between ACEs and informal support (p < 0.05), but no
significant differences were found in the poor parental mental group.

Conclusion/Discussion: In conclusion, the present study
demonstrated that ACEs have an impact on SP and informal social support. To
mitigate the adverse effects of ACEs, middle-aged and elderly individuals
engage in SP and seek social support. As parents, it is crucial to take
preventive measures during the child's formative years and particularly
focus on mental health. Moreover, it is essential to pay attention to
childhood SES and provide equal opportunities and resources to promote SP
and development. This will ultimately improve mental and physical health in
later life and foster healthy aging.
A027: Does Participation in Sports Competitions Enhance Medical Students'
Interprofessional Teamwork?
Authors: Liu Guochun , Shen Zhiling
Published: January 2025

Background: Healthcare systems are complex linkages, and
efficient interprofessional collaboration is essential to their efficiency,
safety, and quality. The ability of medical students to collaborate across
professions directly impacts future healthcare delivery practices. Physical
education programmes provide a simple and easy way for medical students to
develop interprofessional collaboration that can be translated into future
team performance in clinical settings. To test the effectiveness of the
physical education programme "competition instead of examination" in
improving the teamwork ability of medical students.

Method: Using a quasi-experimental intervention design, 188
students were recruited from five classes to complete a teamwork scale
consisting of four sub-dimensions, namely, personal characteristics,
teamwork, leadership, and conflict management. Before and after the course,
we examined the effect of a 16-week cheerleading programme on the subjects'
ability to improve their teamwork skills, and compared the non-winning
students (n=102) with the winning students (n=86) in order to measure the
effect of teamwork skills on team performance.

Results: With 188 students participating in the course and 179
students effectively completing the scale posttest, overall teamwork scores
(mean score of 4.81 on the pre-test and 5.05 on the posttest, p < 0.001)
and scores on the four subdimensions were statistically significant from
pre- to post-intervention. Of the 44 self-efficacy items on the scale, 22
significantly improved. Students who did not win the competition remained
statistically significant compared to those who won (mean score of 4.86 for
non-winners and 5.14 for winners, p < 0.01), with no differences for
personal characteristics. Significance was observed for the 3 subdimensions
of teamwork, leadership, and conflict management, and a significant increase
in 13 out of 44 self-efficacy items on the scale.

Conclusions: A "competition instead of examination" physical
education programme improved medical students' teamwork skills. Teamwork
skills are conducive to increased team performance, and team sports
competitions provide a quantifiable method for improving medical students'
interprofessional teamwork skills.
A033: Estimating Three-Dimensional Ground Reaction Forces in Running
Using Inertial Sensors at Different Segments
Authors: Yuan Xingkui , Zhou Xinglong , Zhu Chengxiang , Wang Shulei
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The acquisition of three-dimensional ground reaction
forces (3D-GRF) during running is crucial for monitoring and assessing
running performance. However, limitations often arise in collecting 3D-GRF
due to equipment and environmental constraints. Inertial sensors are gaining
popularity in running applications because of their convenience, broad
applicability, and cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to utilize an
inertial sensor for gathering kinematic data during running, establish a
high-precision neural network model for continuous 3D-GRF estimation, and
investigate estimation variances across different body segments.

Method: A total of thirty-three college students (17 male, 16 female)
participated in this study. Kinematic and kinetic data were concurrently
recorded using inertial sensors placed on the lower back, lateral thigh,
anterior lower leg, and dorsum of the foot, while three-dimensional force
plates were utilized during running at speeds of 8/10/12 km/h. The dataset
was partitioned into training, validation, and test sets at a ratio of
24:3:6. A Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM) was developed for
training to predict 3D-GRF. Evaluation metrics included coefficients of
determination, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Normalized Root Mean
Square Error (NRMSE). Models customized for specific body segments underwent
a nine-fold cross-validation procedure, employing one-way ANOVA to evaluate
estimation variances across different anatomical sites.

Results: Estimation outcomes at different sites indicated optimal estimation
accuracy at the right thigh. The coefficients of determination for
Anteroposterior (AP)-GRF, Mediolateral (ML)-GRF, and Vertical (V)-GRF were
0.81±0.00, 0.55±0.14, and 0.97±0.02, respectively. RMSE values were
0.06±0.01BW, 0.06±0.01BW, and 0.14±0.03BW. Significant variances were
observed between the right thigh and other sites in the horizontal plane (p
< 0.05). The results from the test set showed correlation coefficients,
RMSE, and NRMSE for AP-GRF, ML-GRF, and V-GRF: AP-GRF, 0.94±0.01,
0.06±0.01BW, 4.78%±0.50%; ML-GRF, 0.83±0.08, 0.10±0.01BW, 9.70%±2.41%;
V-GRF, 0.99±0.00, 0.14±0.02BW, 2.79%±0.24%.

Conclusion/Discussion: 1. The neural network model developed in this study
demonstrated exceptional accuracy across three dimensions, facilitating
continuous estimation of 3D ground reaction forces during running.
Correlation coefficients surpassed 0.8 in every direction, with RMSE values
below 0.2BW and NRMSE below 5%. 2. Estimation results from inertial sensors
positioned at different sites exhibited diverse levels of disparity. The
lateral thigh emerged as the most proficient location for estimation, with
the lower back excelling in vertical ground reaction force estimation but
displaying comparatively weaker performance in horizontal ground reaction
force estimation.
A042: Experimental Study on Health Promotion Action Model to Promote
Students' Health Development in Chongqing
Authors: Xiao Niu , Zhen Li , Yue Pan , Chuanjie Niu
Published: January 2025

Background: The State has consistently prioritized the
advancement of adolescents' physical and mental well-being, starting at the
highest level of design. In response, the Healthy China Action Plan
incorporates health promotion initiatives for primary and secondary schools.
Our goal in this study was to support the overall growth of Chongqing's
primary and secondary school children by building a "health promotion action
model" out of a core consisting of one yuan, two channels, three forces, six
aspects, and nine resources for exhaustive intervention research.

Methods: A three-year experimental study including 112,316
elementary and secondary school students from 23 health promotion base
schools in Chongqing was carried out from September 2020 to September 2023.
The experiment's impact was confirmed, and the Chongqing model's efficacy in
promoting students' health in primary and secondary schools was
investigated, using one-way analysis of variance and cross-paired
t-tests.

Results and Analysis: At the primary school level, there was a
substantial improvement (P < 0.05) in the body shape of boys in grades
1-3, girls in grade 6, and boys and girls in grade 5. Except for senior
girls, they likewise demonstrated a substantial improvement (P < 0.05) at
the secondary level. Regarding physical fitness, despite variations in lung
capacity at the beginning grade level, lung capacity showed a substantial
improvement over the course of all three years (P < 0.05). In terms of
physical fitness, Grade 1, 2, and 7 boys' 50-meter displacement speed
performance showed a more significant rise (P < 0.05), whereas Grade 1,
2, and 3 girls' 50-meter run performance showed an overall substantial
improvement (P < 0.05). The primary school stage revealed a significant
difference in the muscular strength and endurance from sit-ups over a
three-year period (P < 0.05) for students in the remaining grades, with
the exception of boys in grade 3 and boys and girls in grade 6. The
secondary school stage revealed a significant difference in the overall
number of girls' sit-ups (P < 0.05). Students in the experimental schools
demonstrated a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in cardiorespiratory
endurance, moving from passing to good-to-upper or even exceptional
overall.

Conclusion and Suggestion: In elementary and secondary school
pupils, the model clearly promoted physical form, physical function,
displacement speed, muscular strength and endurance, and cardiorespiratory
endurance. It's advised to incorporate each school's unique circumstances,
do extensive research on the waist and abdomen's flexibility and core
development, and continue to refine the model's features while maintaining a
healthy level of physical fitness.
A045: Low-Intensity Voluntary Exercise Protects Against Depressive-Like
and Anxiety-Like Behaviors After Striatal Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Bo , Chen Zheng , Zu Huihui , Tian Rui
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: This investigation delved into the effects
and underlying mechanisms of low-intensity voluntary running on enhancing
neurological functions and fostering emotional recovery after intracerebral
hemorrhage (ICH), offering insights into potential rehabilitation
strategies.

Methods: To simulate ICH, a collagenase-induced striatal model
was employed in mice. Before undergoing ICH surgery, the mice underwent a
week of acclimation to independent exercise, training at a pace of 10 to 12
m/min over 200 m sessions. Commencing the day after ICH induction, the mice
participated in low-intensity voluntary running, covering 200m daily.
Assessments of neurobehavioral deficits, emotional states (including
depression and anxiety-like behaviors), and cognitive functions were
conducted using various tests such as the NDS score, sugar water preference,
tail suspension, forced swimming, open field, and new object recognition
experiments. These assessments compared mice engaged in low-intensity
voluntary exercise with those maintained under standard care post-ICH.
Additionally, the study examined mitochondrial mass and the expression of
fusion genes in nerve cells adjacent to the hematoma, utilizing western
blotting techniques.

Results: The study revealed that low-intensity voluntary
running notably ameliorated anxiety, depression, and cognitive learning
abilities in young mice. This was evidenced by an increased preference for
sugar water, reduced immobility during the tail suspension and forced
swimming tests, heightened activity in the central zone of open field tests,
and an enhanced inclination for exploration in new object recognition tests
(P < 0.05). Moreover, this exercise regimen was found to stimulate
mitochondrial fusion in the cells surrounding the hematoma post-ICH (P <
0.05).

Conclusion/Discussion: Low-intensity voluntary running not only
significantly mitigated neurological deficits and emotional distress
post-ICH but also potentially improved the prognosis of ICH by promoting
mitochondrial fusion in the nerve cells near the hematoma. This study
underscores the potential of physical activity as a viable intervention for
enhancing the rehabilitation of ICH patients, thus enhancing their quality
of life and easing the burden on their families. This research paves the way
for a deeper understanding of the rehabilitative processes following
neurological injuries and stresses the importance of integrating physical
activity into recovery protocols.
A050: Executive Function in College Students
Authors: Zhong Weitan , Dong Weizhong , Xu Shanshan , Hu Liang
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The impact of cognitively engaging physical activity
on executive function among college students remains unclear, although
aerobic physical activity has been shown to have a positive effect.
Additionally, it is currently unknown whether the physical activity
combining specific cognitive processes with aerobic activity will have a
greater positive effect on EFs. This study aimed to investigate the impact
of different types of physical activities on EFs in college students.

Methods: In a 2×3 within-participants design, 12 healthy male
college students (Mage ± SD = 22.92 ±
3.29) accepted three different interventions at three separate times
separated by one week. The three conditions were cognitively engaging +
aerobic physical activity (HICE + HIPA), cognitively engaging physical
activity (HICE + LOPA), and aerobic physical activity (LOCE + HIPA).
Interventions between the pre- and post-test lasted 15 minutes and were as
follows: participants in the HICE + HIPA group rode bicycles while
performing cognitively engaging physical activity; individuals in the HICE +
LOPA group conducted cognitively engaging physical activity only; and the
LOCE + HIPA group only rode bicycles. Executive function was measured in
individuals using three cognitive tasks: Sternberg Paradigm, Go/Nogo, and
More-Odd Shifting. The tasks assessed working memory, inhibitory control,
and cognitive flexibility. Participants were tested before and after
receiving the intervention, and outcome metrics included accuracy and
response time on the executive function measurement tasks.

Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA results showed no significant
differences in accuracy across the three executive function tasks. However,
there were significant time × group interactions of response time on memory
set size (MSET) five task (F(2, 10) = 3.77, p = 0.04 < 0.05, η
2 = 0.26) and the go-task (F(2, 10) = 4.15, p = 0.03 < 0.05, η
2 = 0.27). Further simple effects tests showed that an acute HICE
+ HIPA intervention was more effective in enhancing male college students'
working memory and inhibitory control abilities than any other
conditions.

Conclusion: Empirical evidence suggests that a combination of
cognitive engagement and aerobic physical activity is an effective
intervention for improving executive functioning in male college students,
particularly in working memory and inhibitory control. Further research
could investigate the effectiveness of this intervention in promoting
executive function in younger populations of both genders. Considering the
potential differences between acute and chronic physical activity effects,
future research could be refined to investigate the relationship between the
type of physical activity intervention and executive function.
A051: Correlation of Balance and Plantar Touch with Gait in Elderly
People
Authors: Yang Chen , Dong Yuqi , Zhang Cui
Published: January 2025

Objective: Walking is one of the conditions that can easily
cause falls in the elderly. Balance ability and plantar touch input are
important factors to maintain postural stability. The purpose of this study
was to investigate the effects of balance ability and plantar touch on gait
parameters of the elderly when walking in a straight line.

Methods: 17 healthy elderly people (69 ± 3 years old) were
recruited and asked to complete three straight walking tasks at their own
comfortable walking speed, with a duration of 30s and an interval of 30s.
Gait parameters (stride speed, stride frequency, stride length) were
collected by 3D motion capture system. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to
assess balance ability. The plantar skin touch of the hallux, 1st and 5th
metatarsal bones, heel, and arch were measured by monofilament method.
Spearman correlation was used to verify the correlation between gait and
plantar touch or balance ability. The thresholds for the correlation
coefficient (rs) were as follows: weak: 0.0-0.4; medium: 0.4-0.6; strong:
0.6-0.8.

Results: The plantar touch on the arch showed a moderate
positive correlation with stride frequency (rs = 0.513, p = 0.049).
Similarly, the plantar touch on the big toe exhibited a moderate positive
correlation with stride speed (rs = 0.546, p = 0.35). However, no
significant correlation was found between BBS scores and gait parameters (p
> 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings suggested that the plantar touch on
the arch may play a role in adjusting the ankle joint angle and position
during walking, thereby improving stride frequency. Moreover, the plantar
touch on the big toe may provide sensory information about ground
conditions, facilitating push-off and extension during gait. The lack of
correlation between balance ability (as assessed by the BBS) and gait
parameters contradicts previous studies, indicating that this inconsistency
may be attributed to the physical fitness of the healthy elderly
participants.
A061: The Role, Conflict Dilemma and Optimization Path of Chinese Miao
Nationality's Traditional Customs
Authors: Yang Weiyi
Published: January 2025

In 2022, with the spreading of local villagers' self-media, the Taipan
Village "Eating New Festival" basketball game had spread rapidly on social
media, that had attracted the attention of citizens across the country,
formed a hot topic on Tiktok and Weibo, and was affectionately called
"Village BA" by citizens. From the perspective of Chinese Miao traditional
customs, this paper analyzed the function mode and conflict dilemma of
Chinese Miao traditional customs participating in the holding of rural
sports events.

Field visit to Taijiang County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous
Prefecture, Guizhou Province, in-depth tracking, understanding the actual
development of "Village BA", collecting data and materials of rural sports
events in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.

"Village BA" is embedded in the traditional Miao festival "Eating New
Festival", which emphasizes the collective participation of villagers and
has a public character, which not only has the universal characteristics of
modern basketball games, but also has the traditional customs of local
traditional Miao villages. First, all public affairs activities in Miao
village are spontaneously raised by all the villagers and participate in the
regulation, which provided funds and venues for the continued holding of the
"Eating New Festival" basketball game. The construction of the basketball
court in Taipan Village was first built by the local villagers spontaneously
raising money, and the prizes of the event are also jointly raised by the
villagers. Second, Taipan Village mediates civil disputes in basketball
games through the "three 120" of Chinese Miao nationality's traditional
customs.

The conflict dilemma of Chinese Miao nationality's traditional customs
participating in the holding of rural sports events. With the phenomenon of
"village BA" spreading on the Internet, a series of conflicts between
tradition and modernity arise among foreign fans. First, the competition
organization concept conflict. Whether the "village BA" basketball
competition is commercialized has become the core focus of the conflict of
ideas. Second, the conflict between the traditional Miao culture and modern
culture. The traditional "three 120" of Miao Nationality could not restrain
the watching behavior of the non-local audience, resulting in disputes
between the local audience and the non-local audience. Third, sports
organization systems conflict. As the convener and organizer of the
basketball game, the villager, represented by the elders, held sports events
in the way of informal organization, which conflicted with the development
concept, organization process, regulation system and organization structure
of modern sports events.
A070: Research on the Promotion Strategy of Sports Tourism Consumption
Based on Consumer Evaluation
Authors: Yan Wang , Liu Jinsheng
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Recently, challenges coupled with constraints such as
shrinking demand and weakening consumption expectations have greatly
increased the complexity and vulnerability of the internal and external
environment of the sports tourism consumption system. Consumer evaluation is
an important way of consumption decision-making reference and information
exchange, which affects consumers' purchase decision, consumption
experience, habits and attitude. Sports tourism boutique project is a
consumption project and key consumption content with sports tourism
characteristics. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the
consumption evaluation of specific Chinese sports tourism boutique projects
through the user evaluation data from Ctrip network, and to conduct in-depth
analysis from the dimensions of consumer evaluation, cognition, experience
and consumer attention in order to provide practical reference for the
consumption promotion policies under uncertain conditions.

Methods: This study used Rost CM6 text analysis software to analyze some of
the projects that were rated as China 's sports tourism boutiques from 2014
to 2023. It mainly analyzed Longhe Wetland Greenway ( boutique route ),
Taishan Scenic Area, Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center ( boutique scenic area
), Taishan International Mountaineering Competition and National Fitness
Mountaineering Hiking ( boutique event ), Rizhao City ( boutique destination
) and other typical sports tourism consumption representative projects. The
descriptive analysis of the overall evaluation of consumption and
consumption emotion was carried out. Further in-depth analysis of consumer
concerns and focus of consumption were made to enhance the sports tourism
consumption policy.

Results: From the perspective of consumption evaluation results, consumers'
scores on sports tourism boutique projects are higher, with an average of
more than 4 points, indicating relatively satisfactory. Tourism consumers
mainly focused on three categories as scenic spot service, environment,
transportation and accommodation. Through the analysis of the classification
of the sources of consumer bad reviews, consumer bad reviews mainly came
from accommodation transportation, service management, business, environment
and culture.

Conclusion: The study indicated that the complexity and dynamics of sports
tourism consumption system itself are the main sources of uncertainty. This
requires that policy responds more actively to dynamic changes such as
environmental and demand, expanding consumer demand and realizing the
expansion of consumption policies and consumer entities in sports tourism
consumption.
A072: Study on Respiratory Muscle Training Impact on Static Lung Function
in Amateur Runners
Authors: Miao Guoqing
Published: January 2025

Objective: Respiratory muscle training (RMT) is a specialized
training method targeting the strength and endurance of respiratory muscles,
aimed at enhancing lung function and the adaptability of the respiratory
system. Common training techniques in RMT include deep breathing,
inspiratory muscle training, expiratory muscle training, and diaphragm
training. It is generally applicable to athletes, individuals with lung
function impairments, the elderly, and those requiring high-intensity
respiratory efforts. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an
8-week RMT on static lung function in amateur runners, comparing the
performance between the training and control groups to determine the
effectiveness of RMT.

Methods: This study recruited 40 amateur runners, randomly
assigning them to either the training or control group, with 20 individuals
in each. Both groups continued their regular running exercises according,
but the training group additionally underwent an 8-week RMT, with three
30-minute sessions per week. The control group maintained their routine
without any pulmonary training. Pre- and post-training, static lung function
parameters including VC, VE, BF, FVC, FEV1, and MVV were measured using a
static lung testing device, followed by comparative analysis.

Results: The findings showed that after the 8-week RMT,
significant improvements (P < 0.05) were observed in the pulmonary
function indicators of the training group, while the control group didn't
exhibit as notable improvements. Specifically, the training group
experienced a 7.1% increase in VC (Vital Capacity), a 6.2% increase in VE
(Minute Ventilation), a 4.5% reduction in BF (Breathing Frequency), a 9.4%
increase in FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), a 10.2% increase in FEV1 (Forced
Expiratory Volume in 1 second), and an 8.6% increase in MVV (Maximum
Voluntary Ventilation).

Conclusion: In conclusion, on top of regular running exercises,
RMT significantly improved static lung function in amateur runners. These
results indicate that RMT is an effective method for pulmonary function
training, enhancing lung function levels in amateur runners, which
indirectly elevates their physiological levels, thereby improving running
capability.
A075: Smartphone Dependency in College Students with Experiences of Being
Bullied: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Yang Yulong
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Among college students, individuals
who have experiences of being bullied often exhibit a higher tendency
towards smartphone dependency and lower levels of self-control, which
further intensifies the degree of smartphone dependency. However, physical
exercise may play a moderating role in this relationship, weakening the
association between experiences of being bullied and self-control. This
study aimed to explore this complex relationship and construct a moderated
mediation model to further investigate the underlying psychological and
behavioral mechanisms of smartphone dependency among college students.

Methods: A sample of 761 Chinese college students (age: 19.21 ±
0.99; 192 males, 569 females) was selected for this study. Data were
collected through a questionnaire survey, which included measures of
experiences of being bullied, smartphone dependency levels, self-control
levels, and physical exercise levels. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS
26.0 software and the PROCESS plugin (model 7), including correlation
analysis, mediation models, and moderation models, to examine the
relationships between the main variables, the mediating role of anxiety
between experiences of being bullied and smartphone dependency, and the
moderating role of physical exercise between experiences of being bullied
and self-control. Gender and age were included as covariates in the
analysis.

Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation
between experiences of being bullied and smartphone dependency, as well as a
significant negative correlation between experiences of being bullied and
self-control. After controlling for the covariates and introducing the
mediator and moderator variables, experiences of being bullied significantly
predicted college students' smartphone dependency levels (β= 0.38, t =
13.24, p＜0.001), while self-control partially mediated this relationship (β=
-0.47, t = -16.54, p＜0.001). However, physical exercise had a significant
moderating effect on the relationship between experiences of being bullied
and self-control among college students (interaction term between physical
exercise and experiences of being bullied: β= -0.07, t = -2.11, p＜0.05),
weakening this relationship.

Conclusion: The moderated mediation model constructed in this
study sheds light on the relationship between experiences of being bullied
and smartphone dependency among college students. Self-control plays a
mediating role between the two, while physical exercise weakens the
association between experiences of being bullied and self-control, thereby
playing an important moderating role in alleviating college students'
smartphone dependency. These findings provide theoretical basis and
practical guidance for intervention and prevention of smartphone dependency
among college students.
A076: Effects of Different Exercise Styles on Blood Biomarkers in Older
Adults with Sarcopenia
Authors: Wen Xiaolong , Liu Yuqian , Wang Haitao , Wen Jiacheng , Yang Wenlong
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Exercise is one of the most important ways to improve
sarcopenia, while the effects of different styles on the blood biomarkers of
patients are still unclear. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of
different exercise styles on several blood biomarkers in older adults with
sarcopenia to better understand the relationship between them.

Methods: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),
Wanfang, VIP database for Chinese technical periodical (VIP), Pubmed, EBSCO
and Web of Science databases were searched using terms to exercise,
sarcopenia, serum and plasma up to September 2023. Data were analyzed by
Review Manager 5.3 using fixed- and random-effects models based on the
heterogeneity of the studies to estimate the standardized mean difference
(SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: The systematic search was conducted for 1539 studies,
of which 9 studies were included in meta-analyses for six blood biomarkers,
involving a total of 413 older adults with sarcopenia (mean age 63.6 ± 5.2
to 81.4 ± 4.3). Results showed that compared with the control group,
insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was significantly improved with single
(SMD[95%CI] = 0.39[0.10, 0.68], p = 0.007, I2 = 45%) and combined
(SMD[95%CI] = 0.72[0.23, 1.20], p = 0.004, I2 = 0%) exercise styles. There
were no changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) with single (SMD[95%CI] =
0.14[-0.16, 0.45], p = 0.35, I2 = 0%) and combined (SMD[95%CI] = 0.21[-0.16,
0.59], p = 0.26, I2 = 0%) exercise styles. Similarly, the two exercise
styles had no effects on triglyceride (SMD[95%CI] = -0.33[-1.20, 0.54], p =
0.46, I2 = 66%) (SMD[95%CI] = 0.04[-0.32, 0.40], p = 0.82, I2 = 0%). Growth
hormone (GH) (SMD[95%CI] = 0.34[-0.18, 0.86], p = 0.20, I2 = 0%) and tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (SMD[95%CI] = 0.33[-0.09, 0.75], p = 0.12, I2 =
40%) were not changed after single exercise style. Hypersensitive C-reactive
protein (hs-CRP) (SMD[95%CI] = 0.05[-0.30, 0.41], p = 0.77, I2 = 0%) was not
changed after combined exercise style.

Conclusion: Among the six blood biomarkers evaluated in this
meta-analysis, only IGF-1 level was significantly improved with exercise,
and there was no difference observed with the other biomarkers. Additional
studies are needed to explain the effects of exercise on blood biomarkers in
older adults with sarcopenia.
A077: Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Upper Limb After a Heavy Load
Swimming Training
Authors: Deng Kaiyang , Wang Jun
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a short, noninvasive
and intermittent ischemic treatment of limbs before exercise. The aim of
this study was to compare the effects of acute or repeated IPC on upper arm
skeletal muscle strength and circumference after a heavy load swimming
training.

Methods: College students majoring in swimming were randomly
divided into CON group, acute IPC group (the intervention lasted 7 days,
AIPC) and repeated IPC group (intervention for 1 day, RIPC), and IPC
intervention was performed before a high-load swimming training. The three
groups were all 4×5min with CON pressure of 20mmHg and IPC pressure of
220mmHg. Upper limb tension, grip strength, upper arm circumference, and
shoulder circumference were measured at baseline and 0h, 24h, and 48h after
exercise.

Results: 1) the IPC after exercise intervention group in upper
limb tension, grip strength and upper arm circumference were significantly
greater than the change range of CON. This indicates that the IPC
intervention promoted the four indices after training to maintain and
restore. 2) After 24h of exercise, the reduction of upper limb tension in
RIPC group was significantly lower than that in AIPC group, and the
reduction of upper arm circumference was significantly faster than that in
AIPC group. Indicating that the recovery effect of RIPC on upper limb
tension and upper arm circumference was better than that of AIPC group. 3)
Concurrently, there were no significant differences in shoulder
circumference between groups, and whether IPC intervention was performed did
not seem to affect the recovery of shoulder circumference after
training.

Conclusion: IPC can effectively promote the upper arm skeletal
muscle strength and circumference after heavy load swimming training. RIPC
intervention to the recovery of tension and circumference of upper arm more
effective than that of AIPC.