bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Properties of Electrospun Fibers of PANI-PMMA Composites
Authors: Veluru Jagadeesh Babu , Satheesh K. K. , Trivedi D.C. , Ramakrishna Murthy V. , Srinivasan Natarajan T.
Published: November 2018

Electrospinning is one of the simplest techniques for obtaining polymer nano fibers. Nanofibers have large surface area to volume ratio and hence have excellent application potential in sensors, filter design etc. Polyaniline (PANI) is the well-known and widely studied conducting polymer, which however, is insoluble in many common organic solvents and hence difficult to process. PANI in its base form is non conductive but it can be made conducting by protonating with an acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or camphor sulphonic acid (CSA). However, it is difficult to electrospin PANI by itself since we need preferably the polymer in solution form. In this study we have formed nanofibers of PANI (CSA) dispersed in Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) solution in chloroform. The morphology of the electrospun conducting PMMA-PANI composite fibers is studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The DC and AC conductivities of these fibers are measured and the results are discussed.
Cross-linking Electrospun Polydioxanone-Soluble Elastin Blends: Material Characterization
Authors: McClure Michael J. , Sell Scott A. , Barnes Catherine P. , Bowen Whitney C. , Bowlin Gary L.
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to establish whether material properties of elastin co-electrospun with polydioxanone (PDO) would change over time in both the uncross-linked state and the cross-linked state. First, uncross-linked scaffolds were placed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for three separate time periods: 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours, and subsequently tested using uniaxial materials testing. Several cross-linking reagents were then investigated to verify their ability to crosslink elastin: 1–ethyl-3–(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), and genipin. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on scaffolds cross-linked with EDC and genipin, yielding results that warranted further investigation for PDO-elastin blends. Material properties of the cross-linked scaffolds were then found within range of both pig femoral artery and human femoral artery. These results demonstrate PDO-elastin blends could potentially be favorable as vascular grafts, thus warranting future in vitro and in vivo studies.
Banana Fibers – Variability and Fracture Behaviour
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Samrat , Fangueiro Raul , Arpaç Yusuf , Şentürk Ülkü
Published: November 2018

Banana fibers obtained from the stem of banana plant (Musa sapientum) have been characterised for their diameter variability and their mechanical properties, with a stress on fracture morphology. The nature of representative stress strain curves and fracture at different strain rates have been analysed through SEM.
Ultrahydrophobic Textiles Using Nanoparticles: Lotus Approach
Authors: Ramaratnam Karthik , Iyer Swaminatha K. , Kinnan Mark K. , Chumanov George , Brown Phillip J. , Luzinov Igor
Published: November 2018

It is well established that the water wettability of materials is governed by both the chemical composition and the geometrical microstructure of the surface.1 Traditional textile wet processing treatments do indeed rely fundamentally upon complete wetting out of a textile structure to achieve satisfactory performance.2 However, the complexities introduced through the heterogeneous nature of the fiber surfaces, the nature of the fiber composition and the actual construction of the textile material create difficulties in attempting to predict the exact wettability of a particular textile material. For many applications the ability of a finished fabric to exhibit water repellency (in other words low wettability) is essential2 and potential applications of highly water repellent textile materials include rainwear, upholstery, protective clothing, sportswear, and automobile interior fabrics. Recent research indicates that such applications may benefit from a new generation of water repellent materials that make use of the “lotus effect” to provide ultrahydrophobic textile materials.3,4 Ultrahydrophobic surfaces are typically termed as the surfaces that show a water contact angle greater than 150°C with very low contact angle hysteresis.4 In the case of textile materials, the level of hydrophobicity is often determined by measuring the static water contact angle only, since it is difficult to measure the contact angle hysteresis on a textile fabric because of the high levels of roughness inherent in textile structures.
The Influences of Hydrophilic Finishing of PET Fibers on the Properties of Hydroentangled Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Hong Wang , Lianshun Pang , Xiangyu Jin , Baopu Yin , Haibo Wu
Published: November 2018

Common polyester fibers are hydrophobic in nature. Thus it is hard to process the fibers in the hydroentangled nonwoven process and the resultant nonwoven fabric is hydrophobic as well. In this paper, two kinds of polyester fibers treated with different hydrophilic finishing agents and one common polyester fiber were formed into nonwoven fabrics by using hydroentanglement process. The influences of the hydrophilic and friction properties of the PET fibers on the properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics were studied.
Adsorption of Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solution on a Chitosan-cotton Composite Material Prepared by a New Pad-dry Process
Authors: Jabli Mahjoub , Baouab Mohamed Hassen V. , Roudesli Mohamed Sadok , Bartegi Aghleb
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we developed a method that may be considered as an easy and economical way to prepare chitosan-cotton composite (CH-cotton) materials using an electrolytes-free pad-dry process in which the cure step was performed in an oven microwave to provide a cotton fabric with greatly enhanced affinity for acid dyes. Evidence of successful interaction between cotton and CH through formation of hydrogen bonding and/or ion dipole interactions was analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. Influence of cure time onto the weight per surface unit of samples has been studied and five CH-cotton composite materials with different %CH content (I-V) were prepared. Crosslinking of cellulosic chain molecules of cotton fiber through CH segments was confirmed by Wrinkle Recovery Angle (WRA) and Tensile properties measurements. CH-cotton samples were then tested as adsorbent of four acid dyes from no-electrolytes aqueous solution [Indigo Carmine (AB74), Acid Red 183 (AR183), Acid Blue 161 (AB161) and Acid Yellow 17 (AY17)]. Results were monitored using, reflectance spectro-colorimeter and spectrophotometer analyses. Data obtained with treated cotton showed better dye exhaustion than obtained with untreated one. The modelling of the adsorption isotherms was performed by Langmuir equation and the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Globally, the lack of affinity of cotton for acid dyes is widely overcome by the use of low %CH content ranging from 0.079 to 0.515
Synthesis and Characterization of Neem Chitosan Nanocomposites for Development of Antimicrobial Cotton Textiles
Authors: Rajendran R. , Radhai R. , Balakumar C. , Ahamed Hasabo A. Mohammad , Vigneswaran C. , Vaideki K.
Published: November 2018

Health and hygiene are the primary requirements for human beings to live comfortably and work with maximum efficiency. The present study focuses on the development of herbal chitosan nanocomposite finishes for protective clothing. The medicinal plant ( Azadirachta indica) was selected, and bioactive compounds were extracted. The neem chitosan nanocomposites were prepared using multiple emulsion/ solvent evaporation method. The neem chitosan nanocomposites were finished on to 100% cotton fabrics using pad dry cure method. The antibacterial activity of the fabrics were assessed using standard AATCC 100 and 147 test methods. The neem chitosan nanocomposites treated fabrics showed an increased antimicrobial activity than the other fabric treatments (neem chitosan composite, neem, and chitosan). The scanning electron microscopic results showed that the nanocomposites were essentially spherical in the size range of 50–100nm.
Effect of Nozzle Structural Parameters on Hairiness of Compact-Jet Yarns
Authors: Yilmaz Demet , Usal Mustafa Resit
Published: November 2018

Hairiness significantly influences the appearance of yarns and fabrics. New methods and spinning systems have been offered to reduce it. Nevertheless, there is still the quest for easy, low-cost processes to produce good quality yarns with reduced hairiness. Therefore, due to its considerable importance for spun yarns, we worked on a new spinning method to decrease yarn hairiness. Many researchers have been studying the use of air nozzles in the spinning and also the winding processes, and they indicated that hairiness decreases by up to 40–50%. From this point, we investigated the use of an air nozzle on a compact spinning system and discussed the effect on yarn hairiness. The nozzle was positioned at the exit of the drafting system on a RoCoS compact spinning system and pressurized air was fed into the nozzle by the compressor during spinning. We called the combination of an air nozzle and a compact spinning system a Compact-Jet spinning system. In the literature, there are no such trials. At the end of the study, it was determined that a Compact-Jet spinning system truly improves hairiness by up to 40% in comparison to the compact spinning system and by up to 70% compared with the conventional ring spinning system. Regarding the nozzle structural parameters, the changes in hairiness indicate that the main hole diameter and nozzle outlet design make the most important contributions in reducing yarn hairiness; whereas the injector angle and nozzle head type show weaker effects. As a result, the Compact-Jet can be considered as an innovative spinning system providing the opportunity to produce less hairy yarn. Additionally, we believe that this study makes an important contribution to the research activities in the spinning field and its associated literature.
Surface and Interface Analysis of Fibers Sputtered with Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Xu Yang , Xu Wenzheng , Huang Fenglin
Published: November 2018

Nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were deposited on the surface of polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), and viscose fibers by using direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of different fibers on the surface structure and morphology of TiO2 thin films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cohesion and adhesion of the brittle titanium dioxide coating on the soft manmade fiber substrates was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images of coating interfaces were captured after TiO2 coated fibers were cut in a self-made simple apparatus. For comparison, the SEM images of the coating interfaces were captured after the coated fibers were broken in a single fiber strength tester. The results indicate that the characteristics of TiO2 deposited films were related to the structure and the morphology of the thin films which were determined by surface energy and roughness of different manmade fibers. Relatively smooth and high energy surface ultimately yielded uniformly deposited film and better adsorption to TiO2 clusters. The mechanical strength of the deposited film and the cohesion to the fiber substrate may be reduced for high surface roughness, because of the build-up of more micron cracks in the sputtering process.
Moist Wound Dressing Fabrications: Carboxymethylation of Antibacterial Cotton Gauze
Authors: Balasubramanian Elayarajah , Balasubramanian Venkatrajah , Babu Geethu , Devika S. , Rajendran R.
Published: November 2018

Cotton gauze wound dressing materials were carboxymethylated in order to maintain moist conditions by increasing the carboxyl contents on their cellulose moieties. Also, to improve their antibacterial efficacy, two synergistic drugs were treated after carboxymethylation.

Carboxymethylation of the fabrics was carried out using different concentrations of sodium hydroxide/mono chloro acetic acid (NaOH/MCA) to increase the carboxyl contents (85, 173, 246 mmol/100g). To acquire moist conditions of the fabrics, the carboxyl contents of the gelling samples were made in Ca/Na forms (Na ions was replaced by Ca ions) in three different forms of degree of neutralization (10/90, 20/80, and 30/70). The first non-gelling sample (85 mmol/100g) was left in its Na form to differentiate its chemical and biological properties from the other two samples. In order to fabricate the carboxymethylated (CM) cotton with antibacterial drugs, all the samples were padded in different concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 mg/L) of two synergistic drugs: ofloxacin and ornidazole. These samples were considered as carboxymethylated antimicrobial dressings (CM-AMD). The impact of antibacterial drug content on swelling, gelling, and shrinkage was determined along with the antibacterial activity. Both qualitative and quantitative antibacterial activity was measured for CM-AMD samples.

Among the three samples, the first sample (85 mmol/100g) showed no gelling in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), whereas the other two samples (173 and 246 mmol/100g) showed gelling visually. In the present research, it was observed that swelling and shrinkage slightly decreased by increasing the concentrations of antibacterial drugs; and increased by increasing the carboxyl content. The antibacterial activity of CM-AMD when tested qualitatively showed that, the inhibition clear zone (ICZ) increased by increasing drug concentrations and carboxyl contents; but decreased by increasing the degree of neutralization. Quantitative bacterial reduction testing showed 100 % reduction of the test organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Peptostreptococcus sp)

The study concludes that carboxymethylated cotton gauzy fabrics containing more carboxyl contents (≥ 246 mmol/100g) with less degree of neutralization (10 %) treated with synergistic antibacterial drugs could be suitable for fabricating antibacterial wound dressing materials.
Evaluation of Degradable Spun-Melt 100% Polylactic Acid Nonwoven Mulch Materials in a Greenhouse Environment
Authors: Wadsworth Larry C. , Hayes Douglas G. , Wszelaki Annette L. , Washington Tommy L. , Martin Jeffrey , Lee Jaehoon , Raley Robert , Pannell C. Tyler , Dharmalingam Sathiskumar , Miles Carol , Saxton Arnold M. , Inglis Debra Ann
Published: November 2018

The tendency of most commercially available plastic agricultural mulches to undergo only partial fragmentation with time leads to their long-term persistence in soil, resulting in potentially detrimental environmental hazards. Nonwovens composed of biobased polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with micron-sized fibers may be potentially valuable for agricultural mulches due to their high mechanical strength and potential ability to undergo complete mineralization. To assess the performance of 100% PLA spunbond (SB) and meltblown (MB) mulches, and commercially available cellulosic mulch, a greenhouse bench study was conducted where the mulches were buried in soil augmented with either lime or compost for 10 and 29 wk to accelerate biodegradation and mineralization. At 10 and 29 wk, MB and SB mulches, respectively, lost considerable mechanical strength for all soil treatments while showing only minimal signs of loss in molecular weight.
Dynamic Elastic Behavior of Cotton and Cotton / Spandex Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Mani Senthilkumar , Anbumani N.
Published: November 2018

The dynamic elastic behavior such as dynamic work recovery and stress at specific extension of the fabrics helps to analyze the instant garment response to body movements. It is an objective evaluation of the performance of the elastic fabrics for tight fit sportswear. The aim of the study was to compare the dynamic elastic behavior of cotton/ spandex fabrics with 100% cotton fabrics, since it is mandatory to know the level of performance of the cotton/spandex fabrics as compared with normal cotton fabrics with respect to energy gain or work recovery by the fabric which is necessary in evaluating the performance of the garment for specific sports application. It was found that the cotton/spandex fabrics have higher dynamic work recovery and lower stress value than those of cotton fabrics for both walewise and coursewise directions. The predictions of dynamic work recovery and stress values for different extension levels were made using a regression model.
The Oil Filtration Properties of Porous Nonwoven
Authors: Feng Jian Yong , Zhang Jianchun
Published: November 2018

A porous nonwoven was developed to research the filtration properties of clean oil and suspension. The experimental results confirm that the pressure drop increased with increasing flow rate of clean oil. And the permeability coefficient of the material increased first and then decreased as the flow rate increased, while the specific resistance showed an opposite trend. Comparing experimental results with theoretical calculations based on the porous nonwoven, we concluded that the pressure drop of two theoretical expectations were smaller than experimental values. In order to reduce the error we revised the theoretical equation and made a comparison; the result show that the two curves had a better match.. Additionally, a great influence of the quality of particles on filtration property was found. The pressure drop and specific resistance of the suspension increased with an increase in the the number of particles in the oil, while the permeability coefficient showed a decreasing trend.
The Analysis of Acoustic Characteristics and Sound Absorption Coefficient of Needle Punched Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Shahani Fereshteh , Soltani Parham , Zarrebini Mohammad
Published: November 2018

Control of acoustical related phenomenon in environments, such as work place and residential homes, using various textile materials has gained paramount importance. Nonwoven fabrics in general are ideal acoustical insulator due to their high volume-to-mass ratio. This research examined acoustic characteristics of structured needle punched floor coverings in relation to fiber fineness, surface effect, punch density, areal density, and chemical bonding process. Sound absorption of the test samples was measured using the impedance tube method. Results indicate that fabrics produced from finer fibers absorb sound waves more efficiently. It was found that, samples with no surface effect enjoy the maximum sound absorption. This is followed by velour and cord surface effect samples. It was established that, higher levels of punch density and higher areal density caused the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of the fabrics to be increased. It was also found that chemical finishing adversely affected the sound absorption property of the samples.
Predicting the Tensile Properties of UV Degraded Nylon66/Polyester Woven Fabric Using Regression and Artificial Neural Network Models
Authors: Moezzi Meysam , Ghane Mohammad , Semnani Dariush
Published: November 2018

UV radiation is the major source of radiation in environmental conditions and affects many characteristics of exposed fabrics. Physical properties of polymeric material and fabric deteriorate when exposed to environmental conditions. The study of the changes in physical properties has been a major issue for researchers. Color absorption of degraded fabrics varies with exposure time. The main aim of this work was to predict the physical properties of UV degraded woven fabrics at different levels of exposure time. Samples of plain-woven fabrics were selected. The fabric consisted of nylon 66 as weft yarns and polyester as warp yarns. A UV light source was used to induce controlled degradation at different exposure times. The samples were dyed in identical conditions and the color values for all samples were measured using a spectrophotometer. The samples were then tested with tensile testing machine and stress-strain curves were obtained. Six parameters were considered in stress-strain curves. Exposure time caused the differences in the color values of the samples. This was used to evaluate the tensile behavior. Regression and artificial neural network methods were used to correlate each of the six parameters of tensile properties with color values. To validate the methods, experimental samples were tested with the tensile testing machine and the results were compared with the predicted values. The results show a good agreement between the experimental and predicted models.
Theoretical Study of Effect of Ring Spinning Triangle Division on Fiber Tension Distribution
Authors: Liu Xinjin , Su Xuzhong
Published: November 2018

The spinning triangle is a critical region in the spinning process of staple yarn. Its geometry influences the distribution of fiber tension at spinning triangle directly and affects the qualities of spun yarns. Taking appropriate measures to change the ring spinning triangle geometry and improve the qualities of yarn has attracted more and more interest recently. Spinning triangle division is one of the most effective measures, such as solospun technology. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of ring spinning triangle division on fiber tension distribution was studied theoretically. The general case that the spinning triangle is divided into two parts, primary triangle and final triangle, was investigated. Firstly, theoretical models of the fiber tension distributions in the final and primary spinning triangles are given respectively using the principle of minimum potential energy. Secondly, the fiber tension distributions in the spinning triangle with different shape parameters are numerically simulated. Finally, the possible effects of ring spinning triangle division on yarn qualities are analyzed according to the numerical simulations and previous results. In addition, the properties of spun yarns produced by the modified ring spinning system were evaluated and analyzed.
Correlation Analysis between the Kawabata System (KES-F) and the UPC Ring Methods of Fabric Analysis
Authors: Carrera-Gallissà Enric , Capdevila Xavier , Valldeperas Josep
Published: November 2018

A total of 37 commercial woven fabrics of variable composition, weave type and aerial weight were studied by using the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F) and a modified version of the ring method called the “UPC ring method” that was developed by the authors in previous work. The parameters of the KES-F system were correlated with those of the UPC ring method via canonical correlation analysis.
Controlled Release Profile of Imidacloprid-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Embedded Polypropylene Filament Yarns
Authors: Turan Ahmet C. , Özen İlhan , Gürakın Hüsnü K. , Fatarella Enrico
Published: November 2018

Imidacloprid-β-cyclodextrin (IMI-β-CD) inclusion complex was synthesized and effectively incorporated into filament yarns of polypropylene. The physical and thermal properties of IMI-β-CD inclusion complex were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. According to the results, formation of the inclusion complex was achieved along with enhanced thermal stability. The release profile of imidacloprid was monitored by high-performance chromatography measurements. Dissolution time of the IMI-β-CD inclusion complex was increased to 5 times that of the neat imidacloprid (from 9 h to 48 h). Poylpropylene filament yarns containing 3 wt.% IMI-β-CD inclusion complex released 84 wt.% of IMI within 21 days.
Preparation and Warmth Retention of down Fiber Grafted with Zirconium Oxychloride
Authors: Li Huihao , Qi Lu , Li Jun
Published: November 2018

A new product, referred to herein as modified down, was produced by grafting down fiber with zirconium oxychloride. Grafting modification brings new functionalities to down fiber. For example, the warmth retention of modified down is greatly improved. The reaction mechanism and reason for the improved warmth retention of the modified down was investigated. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we found that the optimal preparation conditions for modified down were 15.1% zirconium oxychloride, 15.06% sodium tripolyphosphate, and 1.39 h duration. The warmth retention of the modified down was 80.95%, the CLO value increased by 35.38%, the thermal resistance increased by 35.43%, the filling power substantially increased by 31.35%. The zirconium oxychloride was successfully modified and grafted onto the down fiber, as was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ultimate residual quantities of the modified down fibers were 30.06%. The results show that the active groups of zirconium and down fibers firmly combined via chemical bonds, which made the warmth retention of modified down a lasting property.
Optimization of Break Draft, Pin Spacer and Rubber Cots Hardness to Enhance the Quality of Ring Spun Yarn Using Factorial Design
Authors: Khurshid Furqan , Aslam Sarmad , Ali Usman , Abbas Amir , Hamdani Talha Ali , Hussain Fiaz
Published: November 2018

The aim of the present work is to optimize the drafting parameters for ring spinning by using full factorial (23) experimental design. Three drafting parameters of ring spinning each at two levels were chosen for this study. These technological parameters were break draft, size of pin spacer and hardness of rubber cots. It was found from statistical analysis that pin spacer size has a significant effect on yarn unevenness (U %), imperfection index (IPI), hairiness (H) and yarn strength (CLSP) compared to the other two chosen factors. These yarn quality parameters were improved by increasing the spacer size. The increase in spacer size reduces the cohesive forces among the fibers during drafting. The pin between the cradle and the top front roller transfer the individual fibers from the drafted fiber assembly to the spinning triangle without any stretching or accumulation. This yields a more integrated structure and the quality of yarn is improved.
Collaborative robot zero moment control for direct teaching based on self-measured gravity and friction
Authors: Chen Saixuan , Luo Minzhou , Jiang Guanwu , Abdelaziz Omar
Published: November 2018

The focus of this study is a moment compensation control algorithm driven by a direct current servo motor. Zero moment robot teaching is achieved with a joint moment compensation algorithm. The moment equilibrium equation is derived based on moment compensation. The current signal detected by a Hall effect sensor is multiplied by a torque constant to estimate the torque value of the robot joint. The compensation current is obtained through parameter identification to overcome gravitational and friction torques. The two variables of speed and position are separately controlled, allowing the compensation current of Coulomb friction and viscous friction force to be separated from the compensation current of friction torque. This study presents the system research, design, and development of a high-precision position control theory of a robot zero moment teaching control method. A collaborative robot is used as the test and verification platform to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method and implementation technology.
Value of lung perfusion scintigraphy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a patchy pattern to consider
Authors: Wang Meng , Ma Rongzheng , Wu Dayong , Xiong Changming , He Jianguo , Wang Lei , Sun Xiaoxin , Fang Wei
Published: November 2018

The ventilation/perfusion lung scan is recommended to exclude chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the diagnostic algorithm of pulmonary hypertension, but its role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has not been well explored. We characterized the lung perfusion pattern assessed by lung perfusion scintigraphy in idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients and evaluate the potential prognostic significance of the patchy pattern perfusion defect. A total of 318 patients with IPAH confirmed by right heart catheterization who performed lung perfusion scintigraphy were included. On lung perfusion scintigraphy, 134 patients had normal lung perfusion and 184 patients showed patchy perfusion defects. In comparison to patients with normal lung perfusion, patients with patchy perfusion defects experienced significantly higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure (58.0 ± 15.4 mmHg vs. 54.1 ± 16.2 mmHg, P = 0.027) and total pulmonary resistance (1192.6 ± 533.7 dyn·s·cm−5 vs. 1067.2 ± 549.3 dyn·s·cm−5, P = 0.042). During a median follow‐up period of 884.0 days, 53 patients reached the primary endpoint of all‐cause mortality. On univariate Cox analysis, the patchy pattern of perfusion defect was significantly associated with the all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–4.63, P = 0.005). Patients with patchy perfusion defects had a worse outcome (log‐rank = 8.605, P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, the patchy pattern remained as a significant independent predictor of the endpoint (HR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.22–4.31, P = 0.010). IPAH patients presented with heterogeneity in lung perfusion and the patchy pattern of lung perfusion defect commonly existed. Patients with patchy pattern identified by lung perfusion scintigraphy were associated with more severe disease and worse outcome.
How Social Networking Use and Beliefs About Inequality Affect Engagement With Racial Justice Movements
Authors: Lake Jaboa Shawntaé , Alston Aurelia T. , Kahn Kimberly Barsamian
Published: November 2018

Social media is an increasingly prominent platform for sharing information about current social issues. In the recent case of the fatal shooting of unarmed Black teenager Michael Brown by a White police officer in 2014, social media was a major influence in the mobilization of social movements including Black Lives Matter (BLM). This study explores the relationship between the use of social networking (SN) websites for policing-related content, beliefs about inequality, and engagement in racial justice movements. Students at a large university ( N = 539) completed an online survey that measured social attitudes focused on policing, inequality, and social movements. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses tested the effects of individuals’ awareness of oppression and privilege, and SN site use on both (1) support and (2) participation in racial justice movements. Results found that SN website use for policing information was positively related to both support and participation in protests and BLM. Further, in predicting support for protests, this relationship was stronger for individuals who were higher in awareness of oppression and privilege, compared to those who were lower. This study highlights the importance of understanding how social beliefs interact with SN site use to impact social justice engagement.
No relevant pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between nintedanib and pirfenidone
Authors: Richeldi Luca , Fletcher Sophie , Adamali Huzaifa , Chaudhuri Nazia , Wiebe Sabrina , Wind Sven , Hohl Kathrin , Baker Andrew , Schlenker-Herceg Rozsa , Stowasser Susanne , Maher Toby M.
Published: November 2018

Nintedanib and pirfenidone are approved treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This open-label, two-group trial investigated the pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between these two drugs in patients with IPF.

Subjects not treated with antifibrotics at screening (group 1, n=20) received a single nintedanib dose (150 mg) followed by pirfenidone (titrated to 801 mg thrice daily) for 3 weeks, with a further single nintedanib dose (150 mg) on the last day (day 23). Subjects treated with pirfenidone at screening (group 2, n=17) continued to receive pirfenidone alone (801 mg thrice daily) for 7 days, then co-administered with nintedanib (150 mg twice daily) for a further 7 days, before single doses of both treatments on day 16.

In group 1, adjusted geometric mean (gMean) ratios (with/without pirfenidone) were 88.6% and 80.6% for nintedanib area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), respectively. In group 2, gMean ratios (with/without nintedanib) were 97.2% and 99.5% for pirfenidone AUC and Cmax, respectively. For all parameters, the 90% confidence intervals included 100%, suggesting similar exposure for administration alone and when co-administered. Both treatments were well tolerated.

These data indicate there is no relevant pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between nintedanib and pirfenidone when co-administered in IPF patients.
Cost of Treating Pediatric Cancer at the Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence in Rwanda
Authors: Neal Claire , Rusangwa Christian , Borg Ryan , Mugunga Jean Claude , Kennell-Heiling Stephanie , Shyirambere Cyprien , Pritchett Natalie , Muhayimana Clemence , Ntakirutimana Elisephan , Tapela Neo , Park Paul H. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Mpunga Tharcisse
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Improvements in childhood survival rates have been achieved in low- and middle- income countries that have made a commitment to improve access to cancer care. Accurate data on the costs of delivering cancer treatment in these settings will allow ministries of health and donors to accurately assess and plan for expansions of access to care. This study assessed the financial cost of treating two common pediatric cancers, nephroblastoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, at the Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence in rural Rwanda.

Methods

A microcosting approach was used to calculate the per-patient cost for Hodgkin lymphoma and nephroblastoma diagnosis and treatment. Costs were analyzed retrospectively from the provider perspective for the 2014 fiscal year. The cost per patient was determined using an idealized patient receiving a full course of treatment, follow-up, and recommended social support in accordance with the national treatment protocol for each cancer.

Results

The cost for a full course of treatment, follow-up, and social support was determined to be between $1,490 and $2,093 for a patient with nephroblastoma and between $1,140 and $1,793 for a pediatric patient with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Conclusion

Task shifting, reduced labor costs, and locally adapted protocols contributed to significantly lower costs than those seen in middle- or high-income countries.
Diffusion-weighted imaging in rectal cancer: current applications and future perspectives
Authors: Schurink Niels W. , Lambregts Doenja M.J. , Beets-Tan Regina G.H.
Published: November 2018

This review summarizes current applications and clinical utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for rectal cancer and in addition provides a brief overview of more recent developments (including intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and novel postprocessing tools) that are still in more early stages of research. More than 140 papers have been published in the last decade, during which period the use of DWI have slowly moved from mainly qualitative (visual) image interpretation to increasingly advanced methods of quantitative analysis. So far, the largest body of evidence exists for assessment of tumour response to neoadjuvant treatment. In this setting, particularly the benefit of DWI for visual assessment of residual tumour in post-radiation fibrosis has been established and is now increasingly adopted in clinics. Quantitative DWI analysis (mainly the apparent diffusion coefficient) has potential, both for response prediction as well as for tumour prognostication, but protocols require standardization and results need to be prospectively confirmed on larger scale. The role of DWI for further clinical tumour and nodal staging is less well-defined, although there could be a benefit for DWI to help detect lymph nodes. Novel methods of DWI analysis and post-processing are still being developed and optimized; the clinical potential of these tools remains to be established in the upcoming years.
Η συμβολή του παιχνιδιού και της φυσικής δραστηριότητας στην κοινωνική ανάπτυξη παιδιών με διαταραχή αυτιστικού φάσματος
Authors: Γκατζόγια (Gkatzogia) Δήμητρα (Dimitra) Νικόλαος (Nikolaos) , Ζάραγκας Χαρίλαος , Κούτρας Βασίλειος , Κουτσούκη Δήμητρα
Published: November 2018

Ένας από τους αναπτυξιακούς τομείς που υστερεί σημαντικά στα παιδιά με αυτισμό είναι αυτός της κοινωνικής ανάπτυξης. Παρά τις διαφοροποιήσεις που μπορεί να παρατηρούνται στην κοινωνική ανάπτυξη των παιδιών με αυτισμό διαφορετικής λειτουργικότητας, οι κοινωνικές δεξιότητες υπολείπονται κατά την αναπτυξιακή πορεία των παιδιών με διαταραχή αυτιστικού φάσματος (ΔΑΦ) σε μεγαλύτερο ή μικρότερο βαθμό. Το παιχνίδι και οι φυσικές δραστηριότητες αποτελούν δύο κατηγορίες δραστηριοτήτων που φαίνεται να επηρεάζουν θετικά την κοινωνική ανάπτυξη των παιδιών με ΔΑΦ. Η έρευνα που παρουσιάζεται στο παρόν άρθρο περιγράφει την επίδραση του παιχνιδιού και της Φυσικής δραστηριότητας, σε δραστηριότητες εντός και εκτός σχολείου, στην κοινωνική ανάπτυξη των παιδιών με ΔΑΦ. Η έρευνα είχε ως υποκείμενα παιδιά 6-12 ετών στο φάσμα του αυτισμού και για τη διεξαγωγή της χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ερωτηματολόγια. Τα ευρήματα δείχνουν πως το συνεργατικό και το συντροφικό παιχνίδι μπορούν να επηρεάσουν θετικά την ανάπτυξη κοινωνικών συμπεριφορών στα παιδιά με αυτισμό, ωστόσο δεν παρατηρήθηκε αντίστοιχη θετική επίδραση από την ενασχόληση με τη φυσική/σωματική δραστηριότητα.
Head models of healthy and depressed adults for simulating the electric fields of non-invasive electric brain stimulation
Authors: Boayue Nya Mehnwolo , Csifcsák Gábor , Puonti Oula , Thielscher Axel , Mittner Matthias
Published: November 2018

During the past decade, it became clear that the electric field elicited by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are substantially influenced by variations in individual head and brain anatomy. In addition to structural variations in the healthy, several psychiatric disorders are characterized by anatomical alterations that are likely to further constrain the intracerebral effects of NIBS. Here, we present high-resolution realistic head models derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 19 healthy adults and 19 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). By using a freely available software package for modelling the electric fields induced by different NIBS protocols, we show that our head models are well-suited for assessing inter-individual and between-group variability in the magnitude and focality of tDCS-induced electric fields for two protocols targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ИНЖЕНЕРНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОСКОВСКОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА)
Authors: Guseyn-zade Rena Gadzhiaga kyzy
Published: November 2018

Цель. Формирование инновационной экономики – экономики, основанной на знаниях, – приводит к зависимости экономического и социального прогресса от уровня и качества профессионального образования населения. Требования к уровню и качеству развития человеческого капитала, предъявляемые экономикой знаний, определяют задачи системы образования. Эффективное взаимодействие высшего образования с производственным сектором может стать двигателем на пути к современной инновационной экономике.Предметом исследования являются процессы, происходящие в современном техническом образовании в России, на примере Московского технологического университета. Задачей исследований является оценка и анализ проявлений современных тенденций развития российского высшего образования, таких как реформирование системы образования, укрупнение вузов, массовизация, изменение доли платного образования; смена образовательных технологий и появление новых форм образования.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляет анализ временной динамики статистических данных.Результаты. Проведенный анализ динамики статистических данных, на примере Московского технологического университета показал, что стимулирование сотрудничества образовательных учреждений с потенциальными работодателями способствует повышению эффективности образования; развитие совместных образовательных программ с предприятиями-партнёрами на основе базовых кафедр адаптирует студентов к работе на современных высокотехнологических предприятиях.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в социально-экономической сфере, социальной и образовательной политике, а также для повышения эффективности работы ВУЗов и системы образования в целом, в том числе в системе непрерывного образования.
ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МОЛОДЕЖНЫХ СУБКУЛЬТУР В ЭПОХУ МЕДИЙНОЙ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Glebova Ekaterina Alexandrovna , Batalin Sergey Vasilyevich
Published: November 2018

Данная статья рассматривает современные субкультуры в эпоху развития информационных технологий и средств масс-медиа.Целью данного исследования является изучение современных молодежных субкультур. Для реализации поставленной цели были определены следующие задачи: 1) охарактеризовать современные отечественные и зарубежные молодежные субкультуры, развивающиеся под воздействием медийной глобализации; 2) выявить влияние современных молодежных субкультур на молодежь. В качестве основных методов исследования применялись теоретический анализ литературы по проблеме молодежной субкультуры; интерпретативный анализ отечественных и зарубежных научных текстов и материалов интернет-сайтов по проблемам молодежной субкультуры и ее влияния на молодежь.Научная новизна исследования: определены актуальные для современного российского общества молодежные субкультуры и показано их возможное влияние на развитие личности и поведение молодежи.Практическая ценность результатов исследования заключается в возможности использования актуальной информации о современных молодежных субкультурах в эпоху информационного общества педагогами, психологами и социальными педагогами в научно-исследовательской и учебно-воспитательной работе как с молодыми людьми, так и с их родителями.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ ПО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ВРЕДНЫХ ПРИВЫЧЕК И ПРОПАГАНДЕ ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ ПОДРОСТКОВ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Babarykin Yuri Aleksandrovich , Novikova Nadezhda Anatol’evna , Suldikova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме профилактики вредных привычек и пропаганде здорового образа жизни среди подрастающего поколения. Предметом анализа выступают возможности и результативность деятельности учреждений культуры в решении данной проблемы с использованием традиционных и инновационных технологий.Методы. Авторами используются теоретические методы исследования, такие как анализ и синтез информации.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в анализе эффективности определенных технологий учреждений культуры и искусств в работе по профилактике вредных привычек и пропаганде здорового образа жизни среди подрастающего поколения. Авторами было выявлено, что при оптимальном комбинировании классических и инновационных технологий социально-культурной деятельности учреждения культуры могут внести значимый вклад в профилактику вредных привычек среди подрастающего поколения, приобщение к занятиям физической культурой и спортом, пропаганду здорового образа жизни.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены работниками учреждений социально-культурной сферы, а также преподавателями образовательных учреждений культуры и искусства.Научная новизна заключается в том, что были выявлены особенности формирования здоровья и здорового образа жизни подростков, определено влияние учреждений культуры на формирование здорового образа жизни у современных подростков, выявлен и обоснован комплекс методик и педагогических условий, способствующих формированию здорового образа жизни заявленной категории граждан.
ВНУТРИКОРПОРАТИВНОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ ПЕДАГОГОВ КАК СПОСОБ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НОВОГО ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛИЗМА
Authors: Matukina Anastasia Nikolaevna
Published: November 2018

Введение. Несмотря на то, что формирование нового педагогического профессионализма педагогов признается одним из ключевых факторов модернизации российской образовательной системы, большинство формальных моделей профессионального развития педагогов в системе ДПО не соответствуют общественным потребностям. В этих условиях все больше общеобразовательных организаций проектируют различные модели неформального обучения педагогов, для обозначения которых используется понятие «внутрикорпоративное обучение».Цели. Выявить элементы системы внутрикорпоративного обучения педагогов, ориентированной на выращивание нового педагогического профессионализма.Методы исследования. Наблюдение, сравнительный анализ, изучение опыта.Описание исследования. В статье рассматриваются различные модели внутрикорпоративного обучения педагогов, уточняется понятие «внутрикорпоративное обучение» и выделяются основные черты модели внутрикорпоративного обучения педагогов, способствующей формированию нового педагогического профессионализма как субъекта собственной деятельности.Результаты. Принципиальными для эффективной модели внутрикорпоративного обучения педагогов являются задачный принцип построения содержания обучения, самообучающаяся организация как форма реализации программ, сетевое взаимодействие нескольких образовательных организаций и совместно-распределенная деятельность педагогов по решению проектных задач.
An Introduction to the Special Issue on Logic, Cognition and Argumentation
Authors: Urbański Mariusz , Van Lambalgen Michiel , Koszowy Marcin
Published: November 2018

In recent years we have witnessed a cognitive or ‘practical’ turn in logic [Gabbay and Woods, 2005; Urbański, 2011]. The most fundamental claim of its proponents is that logic has much to say about actual reasoning and argumentation. This cognitively-orientated logic. It acquires a new task of “systematically keeping track of changing representations of information” [van Benthem, 2008, p. 73], and, due to all the achievements of the mathematisation of logic, is fully up to this task. It also contests the claim that distinction between a descriptive and a normative account of the analysis of reasoning is disjoint and exhaustive [Gabbay and Woods, 2003, p. 37].
Attention deficit fashion
Authors: Reilly Andrew , Hawley Jana
Published: November 2018

Using a post-postmodern perspective, we offer a framework for analysing the current social and industrial practices that have resulted in the rapid turnover of clothing purchases and styles. ‘Attention deficit fashion’ (ADF) is the result of a youth-driven marketplace that relies on consumers who regularly use technology to share images of themselves in clothing. Wearing the same clothing item in another image is a social faux pas so the item is discarded and new items are sought. The result is what we call ‘micro-trends’, or subtle changes in aesthetic preferences that are limited by geography or demographics.
Memes in digital culture and their role in marketing and communication: A study in India
Authors: Sharma Harshit
Published: November 2018

The word ‘meme’, though coined in 1976, started gaining popularity in the digital sphere in 2012 and slowly began dominating the space on our social media walls. This article is an attempt to explore how brands can engage with Indian netizens using the growing trend of Internet memes. It deploys netnography as a method of primary research to analyse the behaviour of Facebook users in India and cross-validates it with experts’ opinion.
Automation of play: Theorizing self-playing games and post-human ludic agents
Authors: Fizek Sonia
Published: November 2018

This article offers a critical reflection on automation of play and its significance for the theoretical enquiries into digital games and play. Automation has become an ever more noticeable phenomenon in the domain of video games, expressed by self-playing game worlds, self-acting characters, and non-human agents traversing multiplayer spaces. On the following pages, the author explores various instances of automated non-human play and proposes a post-human theoretical lens, which may help to create a new framework for the understanding of video games, renegotiate the current theories of interaction prevalent in game studies, and rethink the relationship between human players and digital games.