bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A LINHAGEM CULTURALISTA DA SOCIOLOGIA DO FUTEBOL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Souza Juliano de
Published: June 2018

Resumo Neste texto procuramos apresentar a linhagem culturalista da sociologia do futebol brasileiro e demonstrar a durabilidade histórica das ideias-força caras a essa “família intelectual”. Também temos por objetivo restituir algumas das relativas particularidades analíticas inerentes a essa linhagem, bem como apontar alguns efeitos sociais da circulação dessas ideias na lógica de reiteração da identidade nacional. O texto foi dividido em três atos: no primeiro, revisitamos, em linhas gerais, o empreendimento fundador de Gilberto Freyre e Mário Filho no tocante à intepretação culturalista do futebol brasileiro; no segundo, recuperamos o modelo teórico de DaMatta e defendemos o caráter sistematizador de suas análises no âmago dessa “família intelectual”; e, no terceiro, fornecemos algumas pistas acerca da rotinização dessa leitura culturalista do futebol no Brasil e de sua repercussão naturalizada nesta sociedade.
O CONCEITO DE ESFERA PÚBLICA JURÍDICA E A AUDIÊNCIA PÚBLICA SOBRE COTAS RACIAIS NO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo Juozepavicius
Published: June 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o conceito de esfera pública jurídica nas produções de Jürgen Habermas e exemplificá-lo através do mecanismo institucional das audiências públicas do Supremo Tribunal Federal, tratando, ao final, da audiência sobre a constitucionalidade das cotas raciais para ingresso no ensino superior. Apresentamos o conceito habermasiano buscando explicar uma arena institucional com um diferente potencial democrático deliberativo no interior do Judiciário, bem como melhor compreender as trocas de energia social que podem influenciar posicionamentos nos centros decisórios jurisdicionais.
CONSUMINDO COMO UMA GAROTA: SUBJETIVAÇÃO E EMPODERAMENTO NA PUBLICIDADE VOLTADA PARA MULHERES
Authors: Hamlin Cynthia , Peters Gabriel
Published: June 2018

Resumo O artigo explora o uso de temas feministas na publicidade contemporânea, com ênfase na apropriação publicitária da noção de “empoderamento”. A análise desse “feminismo da mercadoria” demonstra que, a despeito de potenciais aspectos emancipatórios, os usos publicitários do conceito de empoderamento revelam um sentido individualizante que se afina ideologicamente com o ethos do capitalismo tardio e com formas de subjetivação que enfatizam a autoconsciência, o autogoverno, a independência, o sucesso individual e a liberdade para fazer escolhas. Tal inflexão destoa dos compromissos coletivistas com transformações estruturais antes atrelados ao conceito pelo feminismo de segunda onda. Se o slogan feminista de que “o pessoal é político” vinculava a autotransformação individual à transformação social, a proposta de empoderamento veiculada no femvertising esvazia aqueles compromissos através da sugestão implícita de que “o político é pessoal”. O artigo ilustra tais argumentos com o exame de uma campanha publicitária promovida pela marca de absorventes Always, enfatizando como a dimensão política do feminismo de segunda onda, presente em reflexões como as de Carol Gilligan e de Iris M. Young, pode ser apropriada de forma a compatibilizá-la ao ethos neoliberal e suas formas específicas de subjetivação.
A humanização da atividade física em um programa governamental: um olhar necessário
Authors: Maciel Marcos Gonçalves , Saraiva Luiz Alex Silva , Martins José Clerton de Oliveira , Vieira Junior Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as aulas de um programa governamental de atividade física. Trata de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo-descritivo, do tipo estudo de caso, sendo a escolha do local feita de forma intencional. Como procedimento metodológico para a coleta dos dados foi utilizada a observação não participante. Para a análise das informações, adotou-se a abordagem fenomenológica. Como principal resultado, identificou-se o desenvolvimento de aulas semelhantes às realizadas em academias de ginástica. Conclui-se que, para além dessa perspectiva de modalidade de aula, deve-se buscar a humanização dessas vivências, considerando a qualificação do movimento como expressão de subjetividades por meio das experiências de ócio.
Psychology of Forced Displacement and Migration: A systematic review of the scientific literature
Authors: SILVA Jonas CARVALHO e , BUCHER-MALUSCHKE Júlia Sursis Nobre Ferro
Published: June 2018

Abstract Forced displacement is a research field in specific social and cultural contexts. This systematic review aims to identify, describe and analyze the research in Psychology of Forced Displacement and Migration published between 2006 and 2016. The databases selected were PsycINFO, Lilacs and SciELO following the criteria of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 2009. Content and methodology were assessed by Critical Appraisal Skill Programme. A total of 34 out of 491 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were categorized in a framework that summarizes the main research questions and methodologies, including authors, research questions, units of analysis, dominant theories, and hypotheses. In conclusion, the framework helped to comprehend the general aspects of the existing research and pointed out interdisciplinary tendencies in the studies on this phenomenon.
Role of a support network for refugee mothers
Authors: ACHING Michele Carmona , GRANATO Tania Mara Marques
Published: June 2018

Abstract Recent studies on the transition to motherhood suggest that a support network plays a central role in maternal experience and in the development of the mother-infant relationship. Being a woman without a partner, having economic difficulties, belonging to an ethnic minority or being a recent migrant are some of the conditions that overlap with the demands of maternity and create multiple vulnerabilities. This article analyzes the maternal experience of two recent refugee women in Brazil. The analysis is based on psychotherapeutic sessions at a Winnicottian transcultural clinic offered at a host institution for pregnant women and mothers. We describe how loneliness and helplessness challenge maternal skills, while resilience and adequate shelter facilitate the construction of a support network that favors good motherhood. In our view, the professional can help ensure that maternal practices are guided by the cultural reference of origin as the mother integrates into the culture of the host country.
Adaptação e propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Atitudes Disfuncionais para Crianças e Adolescentes
Authors: OHNO Priscilla Moreira , FROESELER Mariana Verdolin Guilherme , TEODORO Maycoln Leôni Martins
Published: June 2018

Resumo Esta pesquisa é constituída por três estudos que investigaram as propriedades psicométricas da adaptação para o português da Escala de Atitudes Disfuncionais para Crianças, instrumento de autorrelato que avalia componentes da vulnerabilidade cognitiva para a depressão em jovens. Crianças e Adolescentes (n = 596; 9 a 16 anos) completaram a escala e outros instrumentos de avaliação de cognições e sintomas depressivos. Foram encontrados bons índices de consistência interna para o instrumento, e correlações moderadas a fracas entre a escala no teste-reteste (n = 225; intervalo médio de 8,3 meses) e os demais instrumentos. Análises fatoriais exploratórias (n = 218) e confirmatórias (n = 378) evidenciaram a estrutura trifatorial. Os resultados apontam a Escala de Atitudes Disfuncionais para Crianças como uma medida adequada de atitudes disfuncionais em jovens.
Sobrevivência de Empresas Nascentes: Influência do Capital Humano, Social, Práticas Gerenciais e Gênero
Authors: Bertolami Mariana , Artes Rinaldo , Gonçalves Pedro João , Hashimoto Marcos , Lazzarini Sergio Giovanetti
Published: June 2018

Resumo Analisa-se a influência do capital humano do empreendedor, o seu capital social e a adoção de práticas gerenciais na sobrevivência de empresas em seus primeiros anos de atividade. De forma inédita, verifica-se como o efeito desses fatores varia de acordo com o gênero, masculino ou feminino, do empreendedor. Usando uma base de 2.000 empresas cadastradas na Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (Jucesp), entre 2003 e 2007, foram ajustados dois modelos econométricos para mensurar o efeito dessas variáveis na sobrevivência de empresas nascentes. Os resultados sugerem que a adoção de práticas gerenciais e alguns aspectos ligados ao capital humano do empreendedor podem favorecer a sobrevivência da empresa. O efeito de competências superiores e capital social sobre a sobrevivência foram maiores para mulheres do que para homens. Os resultados sugerem que empreendedoras enfrentam mais barreiras à constituição de novos negócios, exigindo, portanto, configurações distintas de recursos para atenuar essas barreiras e aumentar a probabilidade de sobrevivência das empresas nascentes.
Fundos de Investimento: Performance Aplicando Modelo Carhart e Análise Envoltória de Dados
Authors: Fonseca Simone Evangelista , Fernandes Anderson Rocha , Cunha Cristiana Lara , Iquiapaza Robert Aldo
Published: June 2018

Resumo Este estudo avalia o desempenho de fundos de investimento brasileiros em ações, comparando retornos reais e indicadores paramétricos e não paramétricos de performance. A estimativa de desempenho e classificação dos fundos foi realizada com base na observação dos retornos reais e dos alfas obtidos do modelo de regressão linear paramétrica, de Carhart. Os indicadores foram comparados com os scores de eficiência relativa da análise envoltória de dados, do modelo não paramétrico de Banker, Charnes e Cooper. Os alfas foram estimados considerando os impactos dos fatores de mercado, tamanho, valor e momento nos retornos reais de cada fundo e os scores, tendo como insumos risco sistêmico, recursos disponíveis, custos e risco total, e, como produto de análise, os retornos. Identificou-se queda de performance dos fundos, apontada pela literatura, alta correlação dos alfas com os retornos reais, baixa correlação dos scores com retornos e mais baixa correlação entre alfas e scores. Isso indica que a escolha da medida de avaliação a ser utilizada consiste em uma importante etapa da seleção de ativos. Montaram-se, ainda, carteiras teóricas pautadas na eficiência e alfas identificando-se performance superior das carteiras baseada na eficiência, sendo que nenhuma delas superou a carteira de mercado.
O caso do Complexo Paraisópolis em gestões: diferenças conceituais em programas de intervenção em favelas em São Paulo
Authors: Maziviero Maria Carolina , Silva Alane Santos da
Published: June 2018

Resumo O artigo apresenta e analisa intervenções urbanísticas comandadas pelo poder público no Complexo Paraisópolis, entre 2001 e 2016, durante as gestões de Marta Suplicy (2001-2004), José Serra (2005-2006), Gilberto Kassab (2006-2012) e Fernando Haddad (2013-2016) na Prefeitura de São Paulo. O Complexo Paraisópolis é a segunda maior favela de São Paulo, com aproximadamente 60 mil habitantes em cerca de 18 mil domicílios. A área se constituía em uma antiga fazenda que, em 1921, foi parcelada em 2.200 lotes. A malha viária, pouco adequada à topografia, resultou em declividades superiores a 40%, gerando dificuldade para ocupação dos lotes, invadidos a partir de 1970. Apresentam-se as intervenções urbanas realizadas ao longo de quatro gestões municipais em Paraisópolis, analisando qualitativamente diferenças e semelhanças entre elas, a fim de compreender as recentes práticas do poder público. Os dados resultantes desta pesquisa, em especial as espacializações das intervenções, possibilitaram perceber dificuldades e fragilidades envolvidas na dinâmica de intervenção em assentamentos precários, uma vez que muitos projetos representam, na prática, despejos forçados por constituírem ações incompletas. Por meio da análise de Paraisópolis, discutem-se os maiores impasses, os limites e as implicações sociais que limitam a eficácia dos programas de intervenção em favelas, o que ainda são questões extraterritoriais, majoritariamente políticas.
Evaluation of the 1000 renal transplants carried out at the University Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School (HCFMB) - UNESP and their evolution over the years
Authors: Nga Hong Si , Andrade Luis Gustavo Modelli , Contti Mariana Moraes , Valiatti Mariana Farina , Silva Maryanne Machado da , Takase Henrique Mochida
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: The progress in kidney transplantation has been evident over the years, as well as its benefits for patients. Objectives: To evaluate the 1.000 kidney transplants performed at the Botucatu Medical School University Hospital, subdividing the patients in different periods, according to the current immunosuppression, and evaluating the differences in graft and patient survival. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of the transplants performed between 06/17/87 to 07/31/16, totaling 1,046 transplants, subdivided into four different periods: 1) 1987 to 2000: cyclosporine with azathioprine; 2) 2001 to 2006: cyclosporine with mycophenolate; 3) 2007 to 2014: tacrolimus with antimetabolic; and 4) 2015 to 2016: tacrolimus with antimetabolic, with increased use of the combination of tacrolimus and mTOR inhibitors. Results: There was an increase in the mean age of recipients and increase in deceased donors and their age in the last two periods. There was a reduction in graft function delay, being 54.3% in the fourth period, compared to 78.8% in the first, p = 0.002. We found a reduction in acute rejection, being 6.1% in the last period compared to 36.3% in the first, p = 0.001. Urological complications and diabetes after transplantation were more frequent in the first two periods. The rates of cytomegalovirus infection were higher in the last two periods. There was an improvement in graft survival, p = 0.003. There was no difference in patient survival, p = 0.77 (Figure 2). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the number of transplants, with evolution in graft survival, despite the worsening in the profiles of recipients and donors.
CD77 levels over enzyme replacement treatment in Fabry Disease Family (V269M)
Authors: Pereira Ester Miranda , Silva Adalberto Socorro da , Silva Raimundo Nonato da , Monte Neto José Tiburcio , Nascimento Fernando F. do , Sousa Jackeline L. M. , Costa Filho Henrique César Saraiva de Arêa Leão , Sales Filho Herton Luiz Alves , Labilloy Anatalia , Monte Semiramis Jamil Hadad do
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fabry disease (FD) is a disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding for lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-GAL). Reduced α-GAL activity leads to progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), also known as CD77. The recent report of increased expression of CD77 in blood cells of patients with FD indicated that this molecule can be used as a potential marker for monitoring enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CD77 levels throughout ERT in FD patients (V269M mutation). Methods: We evaluated the fluctuations in PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) membrane CD77 expression in FD patients undergoing ERT and correlated these levels with those observed in different cell types. Results: A greater CD77 expression was found in phagocytes of patients compared to controls at baseline. Interestingly, the variability in CD77 levels is larger in patients at baseline (340 - 1619 MIF) and after 12 months of ERT (240 - 530 MIF) compared with the control group (131 - 331 MFI). Furthermore, by analyzing the levels of CD77 in phagocytes from patients throughout ERT, we found a constant decrease in CD77 levels. Conclusion: The increased CD77 levels in the phagocytes of Fabry carriers together with the decrease in CD77 levels throughout ERT suggest that measuring CD77 levels in phagocytes is a promising tool for monitoring the response to ERT in FD.
Dynamics of metals in lacustrine sediments: case study of the Madeira River, Amazon region
Authors: Carvalho Dario Pires de , Almeida Ronaldo de , Manzatto Ângelo Gilberto , Freitas Osvaldino Brito de , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT The studies on metals in Madeira River’s principal flow show high variability of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations. However, the transfer of these metals from the main river channel, whose physical and chemical characteristics differ from those of lakes, has not been fully characterized. The objective of this study was to discuss how the transfer of Madeira River’s metals changes the spatial dynamics of these metals in sediments of the Puruzinho Lake (AM). The principal component analysis pointed to differences in the order of the data, creating two distribution zones of metals. The average concentrations of Co, Cu, Cr, Mn and Fe are higher in the area under the influence of the suspended solids coming from the Madeira River. The zoning of metals in lakes is structured by the forces acting across the river’s course at the same time as plains flood and generates ecotones.
Wastewater treatment systems selection inside watersheds by using multiobjective analysis
Authors: Bringer Luiza Mayer , Reis José Antonio Tosta dos , Mendonça Antonio Sérgio Ferreira
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT In order to determine required wastewater treatment plants (WWTP’s) efficiencies, several methodologies have been proposed to assist the sewage treatment systems process selection, usually aiming to achieve economic objectives. However, in water resources problems solving, search involves multiple and conflicting objectives. This work used, for Pardo’s river basin (Espírito Santo State, Brazil), water quality simulation model, optimization technique and multiobjective analysis for selecting sewage treatment systems, taking into account Brazilian environmental effluents Biochemical Oxygen Demand standards, imposed by CONAMA Resolution 430/2011. After proposing an optimization model that allowed the estimation of minimum organic matter removal efficiencies, a multiobjective analysis was applied by using the ELECTRE III method, which selected sewage treatment systems for localities responsible for domestic wastewater disposal in Pardo’s river basin. The results indicated that keeping the effluents standards can produce treatment plants overestimation and inadequate allocated financial resources distribution for sewage treatment plants implementation. Treatment systems such as Submerged Aerated Biofilters (with Nitrification), Wetlands and Facultative Ponds were the most selected, considering different contexts appreciated in this work.
A method for calculating the carbonation degree of calcium–silicate–hydrate
Authors: Shen Qizhen , Pan Ganghua , Bao Bingfeng
Published: June 2018

The carbonation degree of calcium–silicate–hydrate (CSH) was quantitatively characterised using a direct test method. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetric methods were used to study different depths of cement paste with a water/cement ratio of 0·35 after 28 d of carbonation. Firstly, based on the hydration and carbonation reaction equations of the CSH, the variation of Ca2+can be obtained, and then according to the variation of Ca2+to calculate the carbonation degree of CSH. Secondly, the parameter I(Q2)/I(Q1) was determined to characterise the structural change of the CSH quantitatively. Finally, the relationship between the CSH carbonation degree and I(Q2)/I(Q1) was analysed. The results showed that the carbonation degree of CSH can be expressed as the ratio of the molar content of calcium carbonate carbonated by CSH and the molar content of Ca2+in the initial CSH. A good linear relationship was found between the value of I(Q2)/I(Q1) and the CSH carbonation degree. Therefore, the NMR method can be used to determine the carbonation degree of CSH.
Characterising the hydration process of cement slurry system based on low-field NMR
Authors: Huo Jin-hua , Peng Zhi-gang , Ye Zhongbin , Feng Qian , Zheng Yong , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2018

As a non-destructive and non-invasive technique with high stability and continuity, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (low-field NMR) was used to characterise the initial hydration process of cement slurry systems based on grade G oil well cement, which is widely used in various cementing operations, and microfine cement, which is playing an increasingly important role as a reinforcing material, especially in the field of low-temperature cementing. The initial hydration process of the cement slurry systems was investigated using the Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) technique. This method was used as it has the advantage over other spin echo techniques in that it allows rapid multiple accumulations of the echo train signal, which is an important issue in increasing detection sensitivity at low fields. The transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curve and CPMG echo train of the cement slurry systems were first obtained. Then, the initial hydration process of grade G oil well cement and microfine cement was characterised by using the peak area and the value and distribution of T2. The results showed that the low-field NMR has great potential in the characterisation of the hydration process of cement-based materials.
Mechanism of action of bio-inspired nanosilver particles
Authors: Qurat-Ul-Ain  , Sarfraz Raja Adil , Qayyum Abdul
Published: June 2018

Nanotechnology is gaining prime importance in the present era due to modeling of metals in nanoparticles (NPs) by biological methods, but nowadays, researchers are designing the exact mode of action of nanomaterials on plants. NPs are fabricated by different physical and chemical methods, but biological methods are preferred due to their simplicity and non-toxic nature. The current development of biomimetic NP synthesis is a more reliable, economically favorable and eco-friendly method for the treatment of different diseases. NPs fabricated by traditional methods have shown a lot of demerits, so the green route to the formation of metallic NPs is advantageous compared to the use of microbes. Secondary metabolites in the plant have active chemical constituents which can act as capping and reducing agents, thereby enhancing the rate of reduction and stabilizations of NPs. In this review, a major focus is given to biogenic silver NPs’ mechanism of action toward cancer and microbes.
Queensferry Crossing, UK: towers, piers and abutments – design and construction
Authors: Romberg Martin , Brunton Kevin , Castro Jaime Wilson , Moloney Anne , Robinson Neil , Wheeler Mel
Published: June 2018

The new Queensferry Crossing near Edinburgh in Scotland, UK, is a cable-stayed bridge with a total length of 2637·5 m and three towers up to 210 m high. The two cable-supported main spans are 650 m long, the two back spans are 223 m long and there are approach viaducts at each end, with variable spans up to 104 m. The two cable planes are arranged centrally between both carriageways and overlap in the centre of the main spans. This special feature is necessary in order to stabilise the deck and, especially, the central tower. Unique design features such as the world's longest pair of free-standing cantilevers with an overall length of 644 m and constructing the works in an exposed location experiencing adverse weather conditions put very high demands on the engineers and workers involved. This paper describes the design and construction of the substructures compromising three towers, hold-down piers, approach piers and abutments.
Building up: creating new homes on top of refurbished post-war estates
Authors: Linov Vladimir , Ivanov Dmitry
Published: June 2018

Modern cities are constantly in need of new and better homes for their ever-growing populations. An obvious solution in many European and Russian cities is to demolish and replace their often vast, crumbling post-war prefabricated social housing estates with better, denser developments. But the high capital and social costs of doing so can be major barriers to cash-strapped local authorities. Research has been undertaken in Russia to investigate the technical and financial viability of allowing private developers to add additional storeys and infill sections to existing public estates. A design model of a standard five-storey Saint Petersburg estate was developed, showing how two-storey extensions could be added on top and new sections inserted in between to deliver more homes and improve existing ones at minimal public expense.
Briefing: Embedding circular thinking in a major UK infrastructure project
Authors: Charlson Andrea , Dunwoody Andrew
Published: June 2018

High Speed Two Limited (HS2 Ltd) has identified that there is a strong alignment between the High Speed Two strategic goals and potential circular economy benefits and has therefore adopted a holistic approach to realising these benefits in the delivery of the UK’s new high-speed rail network. This paper describes the work undertaken to date, including establishing, embedding and communicating circular economy principles, coordinating the realisation of opportunities and reporting outcomes, as well as providing lessons learnt for other infrastructure projects.
Approaching complexity: an exposition on research methods for infrastructure systems
Authors: Blom Carron M , Guthrie Peter M
Published: June 2018

Public infrastructure is an interdependent system of actors, organisations, assets, services, the society it serves, and the context of each and their whole. This complexity presents research challenges for those focused at the system level, not the least that there is limited research in whole-of-system working for public infrastructure administration and the public sector more generally. Although the available literature appears unified in calling for a probing, pluralist approach, there are few examples of how to approach complex systems in practice. This paper derives from a research programme on the strategic intent and management of infrastructure systems. That programme used the New Zealand land transport system as its focus; nonetheless, it should have wider application given the shared issues being faced within infrastructure practice and matters of sustainability, resilience and system fitness more generally. By melding methods, the action research methodology is aimed at assisting researchers of complex systems and/or problems in gaining more fulsome insights and evidence to support theory. Accordingly, the methodology contributes to the understanding of how to approach infrastructure systems from a research perspective. It offers a road map, a means of sense-making and socialising the issues found at the whole-of-system level and a systemic diagnostic tool.
Pull-out behaviour of vertical plate anchor in granular soil
Authors: Choudhary Awdhesh Kumar , Dash Sujit Kumar
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the pull-out behaviour of a vertical plate anchor in sand is investigated. Load-carrying capacity and failure displacement of the anchor are found to be significantly influenced by its embedment depth and the density of the fill soil. It is observed that a vertical anchor at shallow depth exhibits clear failure with the failure plane reaching out to the ground surface, whereas at deeper embedment the soil is subjected to constrained plastic deformation leading to localised failure around the anchor. The critical embedment depth beyond which anchor behaviour tends to shift from general to local shear mode is found to be 7h in the case of dense soil and 5h in the cases of medium dense and loose soils, where h is the height of the anchor plate. The proposed regression model is reasonably good in predicting the load-carrying capacity of the vertical anchors under pull-out.
Consolidation behaviour with and without siphon drainage
Authors: Wu Gang , Xie Wei , Sun Hongyue , Yan Xin , Tang Bihui
Published: June 2018

To investigate the feasibility and applicability of siphon drainage combined with surcharge loading for the treatment of soft ground, laboratory physical modelling tests were conducted to study and compare the consolidation behaviour with and without siphon drainage. The experimental results showed that the ultimate groundwater level was lowered below the surface of the soil. However, in the test performed without siphon drainage, the ultimate groundwater level was lowered to the surface of the soil. The time required to stabilise the settlement rate can be reduced by 25% in the test with siphon drainage. Whether there was siphon drainage or not, the discharge in the prefabricated vertical drain presented a trend of exponential decline, and the discharge in the test with siphon drainage was approximately two to three times the discharge in the test without siphon drainage. This novel technique is suitable for use in engineering practice based on the analysis of the mechanism because it offers advantages in comparison with other commonly used techniques, including convenient operation, lower cost for maintenance, lower consumption of energy, fewer economic and environmental impacts, and improved consolidation and drainage efficiency of the soil.
Geotechnical aspects in the restoration of Insula dei Casti Amanti in Pompeii
Authors: de Sanctis Luca , Maiorano Rosa Maria Stefania , Brancaccio Ugo , Aversa Stefano
Published: June 2018

This paper deals with the geotechnical aspects of the restoration of the Insula dei Casti Amanti (IX-12), in the ancient town of Pompeii, Italy. Such works include the restoration of some archaeological ruins, the stabilisation of artificial slopes realised during archaeological excavations and the replacement of the actual roofing system with a single-span covering. Remedial measures for excavation fronts will be adopted by re-profiling them with variable slope angles, taking advantage of the conditions of partial saturation in the pyroclastic surge. The system of roofing will be replaced by a unique, single-span covering equipped with seismic isolators and supported by steel columns founded on circular embedded foundations. Seismic site response analyses, carried out to predict the seismic behaviour of the new covering, reveal that, depending on the frequency content of the seismic excitation, a ‘double resonance’ between the seismic input, the subsoil and the ancient architecture may occur.
Influence of Eichhornia crassipes fibre on water retention and cracking of vegetated soils
Authors: Bordoloi S. , Gadi V. K. , Hussain R. , Sahoo L. , Garg A. , Sreedeep S. , Mei G. , Poulsen T. G.
Published: June 2018

Eichhornia crassipes also known as water hyacinth (WH) is listed among world's most invasive weed species. In tropical regions, green infrastructures have to undergo multiple drought cycles, which induces desiccation cracks and also lead to water-stressed condition of plants. The use of organic materials is advocated in green infrastructure for increasing water retention and ground-covering ability of vegetation. The main objective of this paper is to explore the influence of inclusion of waste WH fibres on hydraulic characteristics (water retention and cracking) of vegetated soils. Three soil series including bare (without vegetation) soil (BS), soil + grass (SG) and soil + grass + WH-fibre (SGWH) were tested for 73 days. The grass parameters stomatal conductance (SC), evapotranspiration (Etr), grass density (GD), shoot length (SL) and soil parameters (i.e. suction (ψ), volumetric moisture content (θ), crack intensity factor (CIF), evaporation (Er)) were monitored for all series. SGWH decreases the CIF potential of soil by 55·5 and 25% for BS and SG respectively. The inclusion of WH fibres increases the GD and SL as compared with SG. Furthermore, WH-fibre inclusion increased the soils’ water-retention capacity throughout the suction range due to its hydrophilic nature. The higher hemicellulose content and porous surface morphology of WH fibre, naturally improves soil's ability to retain water which is conducive to vegetation even under drought conditions.
Effects of temperature and relative humidity on a clay embankment: centrifuge modelling
Authors: Archer A. , Ng C. W. W.
Published: June 2018

Climate change studies have increased in recent years focusing on the complex interactions at the soil–atmosphere interface. This note describes a new centrifuge environmental chamber, which is capable of separately controlling temperature and relative humidity (RH) as climate boundaries, to investigate the de-coupled influence of temperature and RH as atmospheric boundaries on a clay embankment. Temperature changes are imposed through convection cycles and radiation, while vapour diffusion is employed for RH cycles. Generally, it is found that temperature cycles induce more significant shrink–swell behaviour compared with RH cycles. This is because effects of changes in temperature on volumetric strains of soil occur more rapidly in the short term compared with RH. Compared to convection, imposed heating through radiation results in 50% more heave for the applied range of radiation. This is because higher temperatures and a deeper influence depth associated with radiation heating leads to increased thermal expansion of the soil.
A neural network model for slope stability computations
Authors: Kumar S. , Basudhar P. K.
Published: June 2018

This paper pertains to the prediction of stability of slopes by establishing empirical relations for stability coefficients adopting machine-learning process analysing available data (computed by well-known and established limit equilibrium methods) in the form of tables or charts. Stability coefficients obtained by using the developed equations are subsequently used for evaluating the factor of safety of homogeneous slopes. As in the developed expressions, all information reported in the tables/or charts are implicitly built in, their use removes the tediousness and mistakes that generally occur in present practice of using either tables or charts. Unlike the other available statistical or artificial neural network models that find the factor of safety values directly, the present model estimates the same using the predicted stability coefficients including the depth factor as well and is more versatile in its applicability.
Effect of in situ water content variation on the spatial variation of strength of deep cement-mixed clay
Authors: Liu Y. , He L. Q. , Jiang Y. J. , Sun M. M. , Chen E. J. , Lee F.-H.
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the interaction between the spatial variations in binder concentration (i.e. cement slurry concentration) and in situ water content, in cement-mixed soil, using field and model data as well as statistical analysis and random field simulation. The field data are first analysed to shed light on the spatial variation in the in situ water content, including its scale of fluctuation. A statistical model is then developed which takes into account the variation in binder concentration and in situ water content. This leads to a two-parameter model for the prediction of the mean, variance and probability distribution function of the strength of the cement-treated soil. The scale of fluctuation for the variation in binder concentration arising from imperfect mixing within a cement-mixed column is then examined using centrifuge model data. This indicates that the scale of fluctuation in binder concentration is much shorter in range than that of the in situ water content. The combined effect of these two scales of fluctuation is then studied by simulating the resulting random field using Monte-Carlo simulations. This indicates that the size of the sampling region has a significant effect on the scale of fluctuation that is captured. If the sampling region is of a similar size to the column diameter, the measured scale of fluctuation reflects that of the binder concentration. As the size of the sampling region increases, so does the measured scale of fluctuation. This explains the wide range of scales of fluctuation that have been reported for cement-treated soil. To capture both scales of fluctuation in core sampling, some boreholes should be sunk at close spacings of less than a column diameter, in order to capture short-range variation.
A numerical inspection on the squeezing test in active clays
Authors: Navarro V. , De La Morena G. , Yustres Á. , López-Vizcaíno R. , Asensio L.
Published: June 2018

Squeezing tests are performed to obtain liquid samples from soil to characterise the chemical composition of the aqueous saline solution in its pores. However, the representativeness of the extract obtained from active clays has been debated, as a mixture of macrostructural and microstructural solutions is likely to be obtained. To analyse this question, given the complexity and the strong hydro-chemo-mechanical coupling of the processes that occur during a squeezing test, it is of interest to simulate the test using a conceptual model that is able to characterise the processes involved in active clays. This type of simulation is performed in the study, showing that the chemo-mechanical interaction between macrostructure and microstructure is unavoidable. However, in saturated soils with low dry densities, most of the extracted water is directly obtained from the macrostructure, and the extract can be considered representative of the macrostructural solution. With increasing dry density, the mixing increases, and the representativeness of the extract may be compromised. In unsaturated soil with a low water content and high dry density, an important mass exchange occurs between the macrostructure and microstructure. If the test is viable (i.e. sufficient solution volume can be obtained), the representativeness of the extract must be carefully evaluated.
The effect of shape on the pull-out capacity of shallow plate anchors in sand
Authors: Giampa J. R. , Bradshaw A. S. , Gerkus H. , Gilbert R. B. , Gavin K. G. , Sivakumar V.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an experimental and analytical study to investigate the effect of shape on the pull-out capacity of shallow horizontal plate anchors in sand under drained loading conditions. Novel dynamically penetrating plate anchor concepts have been proposed for use in the offshore energy sector. These anchor concepts may have shapes that are atypical, and the analysis of pull-out capacity of these shapes may be needed for design. Most of the research on the capacity of shallow horizontal anchors has focused on square, rectangular or circular shapes. Physical and analytical modelling was used to study the capacity of circular, square, triangular and kite-shaped plate anchors. The 1g physical model results indicated that the circular anchor had the highest capacity, which was up to two times higher than the square anchor, which had the lowest capacity of all shapes included in this study. The equilateral triangle and kite shapes had capacities that fell between the circle and the square shapes. A new generalised non-associated flow limit equilibrium model was developed to predict the pull-out capacity of shallow plate anchors with convex polygon anchor shapes. The model was most accurate at embedment ratios of 4 or less, with a bias of less than 10%.
Mathematical aspect of the state-dependent stress–dilatancy of granular soil under triaxial loading
Authors: Sun Y. , Gao Y. , Shen Y.
Published: June 2018

The stress–dilatancy of granular soil is highly dependent on its material state. To understand and model such behaviour, a variety of state-dependent stress–dilatancy equations have been proposed by empirically incorporating different state parameters. Even though a good performance was often observed when using these equations, the basic mathematical origins were missing. The purpose of this note is to provide one possible mathematical interpretation of the state-dependent stress–dilatancy. A novel state-dependent stress–dilatancy equation without using any state parameters is derived step by step based on fractional stress operators. As mathematically proved, the plastic flow of granular soil is determined not only by the current load state but also by the memory distance from the current state to the corresponding critical state, which conforms to the concept indicated by state parameters. Possible mathematical and physical meanings of the fractional order are also discussed. To verify the proposed approach, a series of stress–dilatancy data of granular soils with different material states from the literature are simulated and compared, from which a good agreement can be observed. To further demonstrate the capability of the approach, the developed state-dependent stress–dilatancy equation is then incorporated into the well-known model developed by X. Li and Y. Dafalias in 2000; here also a good performance is observed.
Erosion of dune sands stabilised by grouting with lime–silica fume mix
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Joni Hassan H. , Abood Ahmed S.
Published: June 2018

Dune sands are often an environmental hazard during strong winds and sand storms, particularly in the summer months. Wherever a granular soil surface is left unprotected, it can be subjected to wind erosion and dune formation. In this study, an attempt was made to stabilise sand dunes by grouting with a slurry of lime–silica fume (L–SF) material. Dune sand samples were collected from northern Iraq. In situ field density of the soil was determined by sand-cone tests for moisture content, classification, compaction, relative density, direct shear and chemical tests. Erosion tests were conducted using centrifugal fans, with wind applied to the soil at a speed of 90 km/h for 11 min. Silica fume (SF) and a L–SF mix were used for stabilisation and their effects on the dune sands were investigated. For grouting, a 1000 ml grout pump was used to stabilise a liquid tank of the L–SF mix; the maximum pumping pressure was about 25 kPa. It was found that when the dune sand was with a slurry of L–SF, there was a reduction in erosion by about 70% for a stabiliser grout of 33% (Lime to SF ratio, 3L : 4SF) with 67% water of the total mixture weight. The stabilisation effect increased with increases in the number and depth of grouting holes around the stabilised area. When wind was applied at a rate of about 90 km/h for 11 min, the eroded natural sand dune surface was about 66 mm, while for soil stabilised by grouting with L–SF, the erosion was 17–36 mm. An increase in the number of injection points and a reduction in the distances between them reduced the amount of soil erosion.
Mesoscopic behaviour of vertical deformation of sand induced by change of water level
Authors: Li Yu-Qi , Yue Qing-Ya , Fan Jing , Weng Tian-Quan
Published: June 2018

To investigate the microscopic change law of particle and water flow in the process of the vertical deformation of sand caused by withdrawing and recharging water, a PFC (particle flow code) program was developed to simulate the process of the water withdrawal and recharging of dense sand sample. The water flow was controlled by setting the boundary conditions. The subsidence and rebound of the sand sample, the velocity and displacement fields of particles, and the velocity field of fluid cells were analysed. It is indicated that the sand sample becomes dense and the settlement of the sand sample increases in the process of drainage. The settlement of all particles tends to be stable after a period of time. Particles move randomly at the beginning and subsequently downward. The movement direction of fluid is at random initially as well, and the fluid velocity at the inlet and outlet is greater. In the process of recharging the sand sample rebounds, particles move at random at the beginning and subsequently upward. The fluid cell also moves upward with the increase of fluid velocity. The research study is helpful in understanding the mechanism of ground subsidence from a microscopic point of view and reasonably exploiting and recharging groundwater.
Disparity between the procurement process best practices for PPP projects in the UK and Malaysia
Authors: Ghazali Farid Ezanee Mohamed , Abd Rashid Samsul , Sadullah Ahmad Farhan Mohd
Published: June 2018

Even though a typical public–private partnership (PPP) procurement process framework has been implemented in various countries, the specific procurement processes have not been able to be implemented due to the differences in the structure of governance and culture as well as the existing construction industry environment of each country. This paper aims to identify the differences and gaps in the PPP procurement process in Malaysia with the process implemented in the UK, including Private Finance 2, through an extensive comparative study. The method that has been used in this study is the analysis of the literature review about the PPP procurement flow process for both countries by determining their similarity and disparity. For the practice that has been implemented in Malaysia, there are several series of interviews that have been conducted to get the data. The UK procurement process focuses mainly on achieving detailed procurement processes. The procurement process in Malaysia, meanwhile, provides limited decision authority to public sector clients as most of the procurement decisions are solely being made by the cabinet ministers, which conclusively has led to biased outcomes as a result of minimal competitive tendering and the disregard of some key significant procurement activities.
End-user innovation of urban infrastructure: key factors in the direction of development
Authors: Bartle Ian R. , Bouch Chris J. , Baker Chris J. , Rogers Chris D. F.
Published: June 2018

Is there such a thing as an urban direction to infrastructure innovation in today's rapidly expanding cities? City growth has driven evolution of urban infrastructure through a combination of technological, political and commercial innovations to produce today's top-down, centralised models; however, these now stand in the way of the innovation necessary to accommodate the city growth anticipated in the future. The significant investment set out in the UK government's National Infrastructure Delivery Plan provides an opportunity to address this problem. This paper postulates that applying a decentralised (bottom-up/user-led) approach to the provision of infrastructure can create the space necessary for a new direction of urban innovation to emerge. It draws on case study examples from the literature, where there have been innovations along these lines, to develop a theoretically informed understanding of what needs to be in place for them to be successful. These findings, together with data from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, are used to assess the likelihood of a successful, decentralised approach to a proposed, large infrastructure redevelopment at Digbeth in Birmingham.
Rib-reinforced moment connection of steel beam to box column
Authors: Tolou Kian Ali Reza , Deylami Ardeshir
Published: June 2018

Due to their excellent biaxial bending strength, box columns are widely employed in countries with high seismic risk such as Iran and Japan. Although extensive research into the moment connections between I-beams and wide-flange columns has been conducted, a review of the literature indicated that studies on I-beam to box column moment connections are insufficient. To fill this gap, the cyclic behaviour of a two-sided moment connection of an I-beam to built-up box column was studied in this work. Non-linear finite-element models of the connection were developed and validated using test results available in the literature. In the studied connection, the beam flanges are joined to the column flange through flange plates. To reinforce the connection, vertical top and bottom rib plates were welded to the column flange and the flange plates. A parametric study was carried out to investigate the influences of the geometry of the rib plates on the behaviour of the connection. The results indicated that rib plates decrease the stress on the groove weld between the flange plates and the column flange and have insignificant influences on the global responses of the connection.