bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery and SAR of Novel 2,3‐Dihydroimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazoline PI3K Inhibitors: Identification of Copanlisib (BAY 80‐6946)
Authors: Scott William J. , Hentemann Martin F. , Rowley R. Bruce , Bull Cathy O. , Jenkins Susan , Bullion Ann M. , Johnson Jeffrey , Redman Anikó , Robbins Arthur H. , Esler William , Fracasso R. Paul , Garrison Timothy , Hamilton Mark , Michels Martin , Wood Jill E. , Wilkie Dean P. , Xiao Hong , Levy Joan , Stasik Enrico , Liu Ningshu , Schaefer Martina , Brands Michael , Lefranc Julien
Published: June 2016

The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway is aberrantly activated in many disease states, including tumor cells, either by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases or by the genetic mutation and amplification of key pathway components. A variety of PI3K isoforms play differential roles in cancers. As such, the development of PI3K inhibitors from novel compound classes should lead to differential pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles and allow exploration in various indications, combinations, and dosing regimens. A screening effort aimed at the identification of PI3Kγ inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases led to the discovery of the novel 2,3‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazoline class of PI3K inhibitors. A subsequent lead optimization program targeting cancer therapy focused on inhibition of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Herein, initial structure–activity relationship findings for this class and the optimization that led to the identification of copanlisib (BAY 80‐6946) as a clinical candidate for the treatment of solid and hematological tumors are described.
Excited‐State Proton Transfer and Conformational Relaxation of 2‐(4′‐Pyridyl)benzimidazole in Nafion Films
Authors: Singhal Nancy , Mishra Anasuya , Datta Anindya
Published: June 2016

The effect of annealing on the acidity and water uptake of Nafion films has been studied by using the acidity sensing fluorophore 2‐(4′‐pyridyl)benzimidazole (4PBI). The difference in acidity and the microenvironment of the fluorophore in annealed and nonannealed films is brought out in this study. The annealed film is found to have less water uptake than nonannealed films. The amount of water uptake increases upon acid treatment of the films, as all the steady‐state and time‐resolved behaviour of the molecule in nonannealed films is restored. These observations are rationalised by the formation of anhydrides upon annealing and their hydrolysis to sulfonic acid groups upon acid treatment. Interestingly, the acidity of annealed films is found to be even less than that of Na+exchanged films, indicating that annealing removes more protons from the Nafion films than cation exchange can.
Intact Four‐atom Organic Tetracation Stabilized by Charge Localization in the Gas Phase
Authors: Yatsuhashi Tomoyuki , Toyota Kazuo , Mitsubayashi Naoya , Kozaki Masatoshi , Okada Keiji , Nakashima Nobuaki
Published: June 2016

Several features distinguish intact multiply charged molecular cations (MMCs) from other species such as monocations and polycations: high potential energy, high electron affinity, a high density of electronic states with various spin multiplicities, and charge‐dependent reactions. However, repulsive Coulombic interactions make MMCs quite unstable, and hence small organic MMCs are currently not readily available. Herein, we report that the isolated four‐atom molecule diiodoacetylene survives after the removal of four electrons via tunneling. We show that the tetracation remains metastable towards dissociation because of the localization (91–95 %) of the positive charges on the terminal iodine atoms, ensuring minimum Coulomb repulsion between adjacent atoms as well as maximum charge‐induced attractive dipole interactions between iodine and carbon. Our approach making use of iodines as the positively charged sites enables small organic MMCs to remain intact.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Zinc Phthalocyanine–Fullerene Conjugate Connected by a Long Flexible Spacer
Authors: Lederer Marcus , Ince Mine , Martinez‐Diaz M. Victoria , Torres Tomas , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: June 2016

A hexadodecyl‐substituted zinc phthalocyanine covalently linked through a flexible spacer to a fullerene—ZnPc−C60—has been investigated regarding electron transfer from the photoexcited, electron‐donating ZnPc to the electron‐accepting C60. While ground‐state interactions between electron donor and acceptor within ZnPc−C60 could not be detected via steady‐state absorption spectroscopy, clear proof for excited‐state interactions came from steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy. To this end, the fluorescence in ZnPc−C60 is strongly quenched with quantum yields in THF as low as 0.05. Insight into excited‐state electron‐transfer deactivation within ZnPc−C60 came from time‐resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. For example, upon exclusive excitation of the phthalocyanine within the ZnPc−C60 conjugate, a set of transients evolve featuring, on the one hand, the signature of the one‐electron oxidized ZnPc radical cation and, on the other hand, of the one‐electron reduced C60 radical anion. The analysis of the corresponding dynamics in chlorobenzene resulted in lifetimes for charge‐separation and charge‐recombination of 7.4 ps and 2.2 ns, respectively.
Development of performance‐improved global positioning system (GPS) patch antenna based on sol‐gel‐synthesized dual‐phase (Bi4Ti3O12)X – (CaCu3Ti4O12)1–X composites
Authors: Pandirengan Thiruramanathan , Arumugam Marikani , Durairaj Madhavan , Thangaiyanadar Suyambulingam Gokul Raja
Published: June 2016

As a first attempt, a series of composite materials of general formula (Bi4Ti3O12)X – (CaCu3Ti4O12)1–X (BTOX – CCTO1–X) (X = 0–1.0) is synthesized by a sol‐gel combustion method. The phase changes, including their formation and evolution during the gradual substitution of BTO into CCTO are analyzed from the X‐ray diffraction pattern. The Jana2006 refinement plotting method proves that formation of an ideal dual‐phase composite system with separate orthorhombic and cubic phases occurs. A surface morphological study revealed that the BTOX – CCTO1–X composites are composed of small CCTO grains embedded in large BTO grains and both coexisted with a bimodal distribution. The possible vibrational modes of interactions between the constituent phases are determined from Raman spectra. Our inexpensive, combustion method for BTO0.2 – CCTO0.8 gives a high dielectric constant (ε′ = 3232) at 100 Hz at room temperature. The nature behind these data is revealed that the BTO‐CCTO composite can be applicable for the fabrication of miniaturized global positioning system (GPS) patch antennas. The fabricated GPS patch antenna shows optimum results of small size (2.37 mm × 1.18 mm), return loss (‐14.419) and wide bandwidth (350 MHz) to be operated at 1.57 GHz.
A case report of spindle cell myoepithelioma with extensive lipomatous metaplasia and thick collagen bundles in the submandibular gland
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Hye Jeong , Park Bumjung , Cho Seong Jin , Shin Hyung Sik , Park Hye‐Rim , Min Soo Kee , Seo Jinwon , Min Kyueng‐Whan , Nam Eun Sook
Published: June 2016

Spindle cell myoepithelioma with extensive lipomatous metaplasia and thick collagen bundles has not yet been described, and there are no published reports on its cytological appearance in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). A 49‐year‐old man presented with a painless mass in the right submandibular area that had been gradually enlarging for a period of 5 years. The cytologic smears showed fascicles of cohesive spindle cells as well as individual bland cells with bipolar naked nuclei in a fibrillary background. Brightly eosinophilic bundles were intermingled with spindle cells and fat‐like vacuoles. The FNA results were suggestive of neurogenic tumor. Patient underwent submandibular gland resection. Grossly, the cut surface showed a well‐encapsulated, yellowish‐white, soft, elastic mass, measuring 2.8 × 1.9 × 1.5 cm. The tumor consisted of uniform bland spindle cells arranged in short fascicles admixed with adipocyte‐like cells and transversing thick collagen bundles, which demonstrated immunoreactivity for myoepithelial markers and ultrastructural features characteristic of myoepithelial cells, suggesting the presence of lipomatous metaplasia. The FNA cytology of spindle cell myoepithelioma with extensive lipometaplasia mimicked that of neurogenic tumor or lipomatous mesenchymal tumor. This case represents the first description of submandibular gland myoepithelioma with lipometaplasia, which is characterized by the coexistence of spindle cells, collagen bundles, and fat‐like vacuoles in a fibrillary background. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:764–769. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study finds that financial status matters for success with disabilities in college
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2016

Only one‐third of undergraduate students from 11 institutions who reported having learning disabilities were receiving accommodations to which they are entitled, based on a study out of the University of Iowa. The study, The University Experiences of Students with Learning Disabilities, tracked data from responses to the Student Experience in the Research University survey administered in 2014 to undergraduates at 11 four‐year research institutions. The findings from the report posited that the root cause of this discrepancy in accommodations came down to two main factors: financial status and a desire for independence. The small percentage of students receiving accommodations is particularly alarming when previous studies have shown that students with learning disabilities in higher education do significantly better at an institution when they receive accommodations.
Investigating past range dynamics for a weed of cultivation, Silene vulgaris
Authors: Sebasky Megan E. , Keller Stephen R. , Taylor Douglas R.
Published: June 2016

Since the last glacial maximum (LGM), many plant and animal taxa have expanded their ranges by migration from glacial refugia. Weeds of cultivation may have followed this trend or spread globally following the expansion of agriculture or ruderal habitats associated with human‐mediated disturbance. We tested whether the range expansion of the weed Silene vulgaris across Europe fit the classical model of postglacial expansion from southern refugia, or followed known routes of the expansion of human agricultural practices. We used species distribution modeling to predict spatial patterns of postglacial expansion and contrasted these with the patterns of human agricultural expansion. A population genetic analysis using microsatellite loci was then used to test which scenario was better supported by spatial patterns of genetic diversity and structure. Genetic diversity was highest in southern Europe and declined with increasing latitude. Locations of ancestral demes from genetic cluster analysis were consistent with areas of predicted refugia. Species distribution models showed the most suitable habitat in the LGM on the southern coasts of Europe. These results support the typical postglacial northward colonization from southern refugia while refuting the east‐to‐west agricultural spread as the main mode of expansion for S. vulgaris. We know that S. vulgaris has recently colonized many regions (including North America and other continents) through human‐mediated dispersal, but there is no evidence for a direct link between the Neolithic expansion of agriculture and current patterns of genetic diversity of S. vulgaris in Europe. Therefore, the history of range expansion of S. vulgaris likely began with postglacial expansion after the LGM, followed by more recent global dispersal by humans.
Intermittent‐contact Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (IC‐SECM) as a Quantitative Probe of Defects in Single Crystal Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Tomlinson Lucy I. , Patten Hollie V. , Green Ben L. , Iacobini James , Meadows Katherine E. , McKelvey Kim , Unwin Patrick R. , Newton Mark E. , Macpherson Julie V.
Published: June 2016

We demonstrate, for the first time, the use of electrochemical imaging to identify defect and defect free areas in single crystal boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Specifically, we show that defects contain different boron dopant concentrations than the surrounding single crystal matrix and that these variations can be visualized using intermittent contact−scanning electrochemical microscopy (IC‐SECM). The measured IC‐SECM tip currents provide quantitative information on the rates of electron transfer across the single crystal BDD electrodes, which correlate with variations in boron doping levels. In some instances, IC‐SECM outperforms alternative methods such as Raman microscopy and cathodoluminescence imaging, due to its intrinsic surface‐sensitivity, expanding the application and impact of electrochemical microscopy for materials characterization. The results obtained, and procedure outlined, are particularly valuable for the assessment and screening of single crystal BDD electrodes.
Spectrally efficient TWR‐aided free‐space optical communication over turbulent channel with generalized pointing error
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Bansal Ankur , Garg Parul
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the performance of two‐way relay assisted optical wireless communication is analysed. The optical wireless communication system performance is corrupted by atmospheric‐induced turbulence and the generalized pointing errors. A three node, dual hop, bi‐directional system employing decode‐and‐forward relaying phenomena are considered. The conventional one‐way relay assisted system is spectrally inefficient because of the half duplex losses incurred, whereas the proposed two‐way relay assisted system achieves spectral efficiency by managing bi‐directional communication in two time slots, thus maximizing the achievable rate of the network. The closed‐form expressions of probability density function for composite Gamma–Gamma turbulence impaired by generalized pointing errors are derived. Furthermore, we provide the closed‐form expression of cumulative distribution function of the equivalent end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio. In capitalizing on these derived statistics, we conduct outage and error rate analysis of the considered system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Maternal (Non) Responsiveness Questionnaire: Initial Factor Structure and Validation
Authors: Leerkes Esther , Qu Jin
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper was to examine the reliability, stability, and convergent and predictive validity of the newly developed Maternal Responsiveness Questionnaire (MRQ). Participants were 224 first‐time mothers. Mothers completed the MRQ when their infants were 6 and 14 months old. Convergent validity was examined in relation to mother‐reported personality, depressive symptoms, and emotion socialization practices and observed maternal sensitivity. Predictive validity was examined in relation to mother‐reported child behaviour problems and social competence, infant attachment security assessed via the Strange Situation, and observed child dysregulation. Three MRQ factors emerged based on exploratory factor analysis and were confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis: responsiveness, non‐responsiveness, and delayed responsiveness. All three scales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and significant stability from 6 months to 14 months. Consistent evidence emerged for convergent and predictive validity of the non‐responsiveness subscale, but not the other subscales. The potential utility of the non‐responsiveness subscale of the MRQ is discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factor V and VIII deficiency treated with therapeutic plasma exchange prior to redo mitral valve replacement
Authors: Brown Laura , Tilzer Lowell , Plapp Fred
Published: June 2016

A 33‐year‐old male was admitted to the hospital for a repeat mitral valve replacement. The original surgery, performed in India in 2008 due to rheumatic heart disease, required massive amounts of plasma replacement during and after the surgery. The patient was admitted to our hospital with extremely low Factor V and Factor VIII activities due to a rare combined Factor V and Factor VIII deficiency. His clinical condition on admission was grave due to severe pulmonary hypertension. It was decided to replace the patient's Factor V using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) just prior to surgery, and his Factor VIII with Factor VIII concentrate. The patient tolerated the valve replacement surgery very well, without excessive bleeding, and received several more TPE procedures postoperatively. He was successfully made replete with both coagulation factors with little to no bleeding during the procedure and postoperatively. TPE is a promising modality for the treatment of patients with similar factor deficiencies for which a specific factor concentrate is not available, especially those at risk of fluid overload from plasma transfusion. J. Clin. Apheresis 32:196–199, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiovascular Risk and Serum Hyaluronic Acid: A Preliminary Study in a Healthy Population of Low/Intermediate Risk
Authors: Papanastasopoulou Chrysanthi , Papastamataki Maria , Karampatsis Petros , Anagnostopoulou Eleni , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Sitaras Nikolaos
Published: June 2016

Background

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been found to be an important trigger of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigate the possible association of serum HA with cardiovascular disease risk in a population of low/intermediate risk for cardiovascular events.

Methods

We enrolled 200 subjects with low/intermediate risk for developing cardiovascular disease. High specific C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) was used as an indicator of preclinical atherosclerosis. The Framingham score was used to calculate the cardiovascular risk.

Results

Participants with dyslipidemia had significantly higher levels of serum HA than those without dyslipidemia (t‐test, P = 0.05), higher levels of hsCRP (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.04), and higher cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham score (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.05). Serum HA concentration correlated significantly with the Framingham score for risk for coronary heart disease over the next 10 years (Spearman r = 0.152, P = 0.02). Diabetic volunteers had significantly higher HA than those without diabetes (t‐test, P = 0.02). Participants with metabolic syndrome had higher serum HA levels and higher hsCRP (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.01) compared to volunteers without metabolic syndrome (t‐test, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Serum HA should be explored as an early marker of atheromatosis and cardiovascular risk.
Partial Characterizations of 1‐Perfectly Orientable Graphs
Authors: Hartinger Tatiana Romina , Milanič Martin
Published: June 2016

We study the class of 1‐perfectly orientable graphs, that is, graphs having an orientation in which every out‐neighborhood induces a tournament. 1‐perfectly orientable graphs form a common generalization of chordal graphs and circular arc graphs. Even though they can be recognized in polynomial time, little is known about their structure. In this article, we develop several results on 1‐perfectly orientable graphs. In particular, we (i) give a characterization of 1‐perfectly orientable graphs in terms of edge clique covers, (ii) identify several graph transformations preserving the class of 1‐perfectly orientable graphs, (iii) exhibit an infinite family of minimal forbidden induced minors for the class of 1‐perfectly orientable graphs, and (iv) characterize the class of 1‐perfectly orientable graphs within the classes of cographs and of cobipartite graphs. The class of 1‐perfectly orientable cobipartite graphs coincides with the class of cobipartite circular arc graphs.
Highly Efficient Cycloaddition Reaction of 1,3‐Diynes with Sodium Azide: A New Way to 5‐Substituted‐4‐acetylene‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Tang Jia‐Liang , Ming Ling , Zhao Xiao‐Ming
Published: June 2016

A cycloaddition reaction of a range of 1,3‐diynes with sodium azide has been realized, which provided 5‐substituted‐4‐acetylene‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles in 75–99% yields. The chemical structures of the new compounds 3 are established by IR, NMR, Mass, and HRMS.
Kinetic and solvent isotope effects on biotransformation of aromatic amino acids and their derivatives
Authors: Kańska Marianna , Jemielity Jacek , Pająk Małgorzata , Pałka Katarzyna , Podsadni Katarzyna , Winnicka Elżbieta
Published: June 2016

Aromatic amino acids such as l‐phenylalanine, l‐tryptophan, 3′,4′‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine (l‐DOPA), and their derivatives 3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenylacelaldehyde (DOPAL) and 3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET), play an essential role in human metabolic processes. Incorrect or slow biotransformation of these compounds leads to some metabolic dysfunctions and in some cases to some neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, studies of the biotransformation mechanisms of these metabolites draw biochemists' and medical researchers' attention. This study investigates the mechanisms of biotransformation of the aforementioned compounds using kinetic (KIE) and solvent (SIE) isotope effect methods. The overview presents the results and the numerical values of KIE and SIE methods, obtained in the study of biotransformation of l‐phenylalanine, 5′‐chloro‐l‐tryptophan, and l‐DOPA, catalyzed by the enzymes from the lyases group (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tryptophan indole‐lyase, and tyrosine decarboxylase). Deuterium KIE was also determined during the deamination of 2′‐chloro‐l‐phenylalanine in the presence of the enzyme l‐phenylalanine dehydrogenase, as well as in the conversion of DOPAL into DOPET catalyzed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. The values of KIE and SIE have been determined using a noncompetitive spectrophotometric and a competitive (combined with internal radioactivity standard) radiometric methods.
Insertional achilles tendinopathy associated with altered transverse compressive and axial tensile strain during ankle dorsiflexion
Authors: Chimenti Ruth L. , Bucklin Mary , Kelly Meghan , Ketz John , Flemister Adolph Samuel , Richards Michael S. , Buckley Mark R.
Published: June 2016

The purposes of this case‐control study (N = 20) were to examine the effects of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) and tendon region on tendon strain in patients with IAT compared to a control group without tendinopathy. An ultrasound transducer was positioned over the Achilles tendon insertion during dorsiflexion tasks, which included standing and partial squat. A non‐rigid image registration‐based algorithm was used to estimate transverse compressive and axial tensile strains of the tendon from radiofrequency ultrasound images, which was segmented into two regions (superficial tendon and deep). For transverse compressive strain, two‐way mixed effects ANOVAs demonstrated that there were interaction effects between group and tendon region for both dorsiflexion tasks (Heel lowering, p = 0.004; Partial squat, p = 0.008). For axial tensile strain, the IAT group demonstrated a main effect of lower tensile strain than the control group (Standing, p = 0.001; Partial squat, p = 0.033). There was also a main effect of greater tensile strain in the superficial region of the tendon compared to the deep during standing (p = 0.002), but not during partial squat (p = 0.603). Reduced transverse compressive and axial tensile strains in the IAT group indicate altered mechanical properties specific to the region of IAT pathology. Additionally, patterns of compressive strain are consistent with the theory of calcaneal impingement contributing to IAT pathology. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:910–915, 2017.
Adhesion and corrosive delamination of epoxy films on chemically etched ZnMgAl‐alloy coatings
Authors: Pohl K. , Ozcan O. , Voigt M. , Grundmeier G.
Published: June 2016

The effect of alkaline and acidic pretreatment steps on the surface chemical composition and adhesion properties of ZnMgAl‐alloy coated steel was investigated by means of spectroscopic methods, scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and peel test measurements. The spectroscopic results indicate that the surface film composition can be adjusted by the wet‐chemical treatment. To study the corresponding surface adhesive properties, the samples were coated with an epoxy amine adhesive. Peel tests under humid conditions indicated an increased interaction between the acidic pre‐treated surface and the adhesive. The results of the SKP analysis show that the acidic cleaned substrates have the highest resistance to delamination, which can be explained by the shift of the interfacial electrode potential.
Controlled and Tunable Biomimetic Apatite Mineralization of Synthetic Hydrogels
Authors: Harding Jacqueline L. , Krebs Melissa D.
Published: June 2016

There has been much work examining bioinspired mineralization of polymeric hydrogels with calcium phosphates, yet a systematic method for the predictable and tunable synthesis of biomimetic apatites is yet to be developed. Here, a method for the selective mineralization of substituted apatite composite hydrogels where the incorporated mineral phase is formed as a result of a chemical reaction within the hydrogel matrix is presented. Mineralized hydrogels are prepared by precipitating the apatite precursor phase dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution, which is then crosslinked into a composite hydrogel by cyclic freeze/thawing. The encapsulated DCPD is hydrolyzed to apatite by immersion in buffers at 37 °C. Tuning the pH (7.4, 9) and ionic composition (CO3
2−, F−) of the buffer influence the morphology and chemical composition of the apatite product. The incorporated calcium phosphate polymorph is monitored by X‐ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray. The apatite–PVA hydrogels promote cellular adhesion and viability. The method developed here demonstrates diffusion‐mediated transformation of a calcium phosphate precursor phase within a hydrogel matrix to various substituted apatites in a selective and predictable manner.

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pH, Temperature, and Magnetic Triple‐Responsive Polymer Porous Microspheres for Tunable Adsorption
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zhang Weihong , Qian Yongchao , Deng Baixue , Tian Wei
Published: June 2016

Pollution control has become increasingly important in recent years. Heavy metal ions, proteins, and dyes are frequently found in wastewater because of their extensive industrial applications. In this study, pH, temperature, and magnetic triple‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) porous microspheres doped with magnetite nanoparticles as a new type of smart adsorbents are used to remove the aforementioned pollutants. The pH‐ and temperature‐responsiveness of these microspheres realizes tunable adsorption toward Cu(II). Simultaneously, the microspheres exhibit good adsorption capability to lysozyme and basic fuchsine. Microsphere‐adsorbing pollutants are easlily separated from wastewater by applying an external magnetic field to reuse the microspheres.

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A Cauchy kernel for the Hermitian submonogenic system
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , Peña Peña Dixan , Sommen Frank
Published: June 2016

Hermitian monogenic functions are the null solutions of two complex Dirac type operators. The system of these complex Dirac operators is overdetermined and may be reduced to constraints for the Cauchy datum together with what we called the Hermitian submonogenic system (see [8], [9]). This last system is no longer overdetermined and it has properties that are similar to those of the standard Dirac operator in Euclidean space, such as a Cauchy–Kowalevski extension theorem and Vekua type solutions. In this paper, we investigate plane wave solutions of the Hermitian submonogenic system, leading to the construction of a Cauchy kernel. We also establish a Stokes type formula that, when applied to the Cauchy kernel provides an integral representation formula for Hermitian submonogenic functions.
Amphiphilic Copolymers of Polyfluorene Methacrylates Exhibiting Tunable Emissions for Ink‐Jet Printing
Authors: Deng Chao , Ling Jun
Published: June 2016

Functionalized polyfluorene receives more and more attention due to its wide applications. Here, the syntheses of three novel polyfluorene‐based methacrylate macromonomers exhibiting a vast flexibility for further applications are reported. Their emissions strongly depend on the end groups and thus the macromonomers provide blue, green, and red emissions simultaneously with the same excitation light of 365 nm. Their well‐defined copolymers with 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization are investigated in detail. These copolymers exhibit high quantum yields in solid film (up to 0.8), and self‐assemble into photoluminescent nanoparticles in aqueous solutions with pure blue, green, and red emissions. By simply mixing them, perfect white light emission with high quality is obtained. These aqueous nanoparticles solutions are ready for ink‐jet printing to produce exquisite bright and colorful fluorescent pictures.

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On discrete Picard operators
Authors: Aral Ali , İnce İlarslan Hatice Gül , Tunca Gülen Başcanbaz
Published: June 2016

The present paper is concerned with the approximation properties of discrete version of Picard operators. We first give exact equalities for the moments of the operators. In calculations of these moments, Eulerian numbers play a crucial role. We discuss convergence of these operators in weighted spaces and give Voronovskaya‐type asymptotic formula. The weighted approximation of the operators in quantitative mean in terms of different modulus of continuities is also considered. We emphasize that the rate of convergence of the operators is better than the one obtained in . Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics of blackberry anthocyanins consumed with or without ethanol: A randomized and crossover trial
Authors: Marques Cláudia , Fernandes Iva , Norberto Sónia , Sá Carla , Teixeira Diana , de Freitas Victor , Mateus Nuno , Calhau Conceição , Faria Ana
Published: June 2016

Scope

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of ethanol on the bioavailability of blackberry anthocyanins.

Methods and results

A total of 18 participants were recruited to consume 250 mL of a blackberry puree (650 mg of anthocyanins) without (BBP) or with 12% ethanol (BBP 12%). Venous blood was collected from participants at baseline and at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after puree ingestion. Urine samples were collected at baseline and at 120 min. Plasma and urine concentration of anthocyanins and anthocyanin conjugates were quantified by HPLC‐DAD. Methyl‐cyanidin‐glucuronide (Me‐Cy‐Glucr) and 3′‐methyl‐cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (3′‐Me‐Cy3glc) were the main anthocyanin conjugates detected in all plasma and urine samples. Urinary concentration of these anthocyanin conjugates were positively correlated with their plasma concentration. Ethanol increased plasma Cmax of Me‐Cy‐Glucr and 3′‐Me‐Cy3glc. Participants were then stratified according to their body mass index (BMI) and body fat mass. After BBP consumption, plasma Cmax of Me‐Cy‐Glucr and 3′‐Me‐Cy3glc tended to be decreased in overweight/obese participants, in comparison to normal weight participants. The increase on plasma Cmax of Me‐Cy‐Glucr and 3′‐Me‐Cy3glc induced by ethanol was more pronounced in the group of overweight/obese participants.

Conclusions

Ethanol seems to enhance Cy3glc metabolism that appears to be compromised in overweight and obese individuals.
Talik Formation at a Snow Fence in Continuous Permafrost, Western Arctic Canada
Authors: O'Neill H. B. , Burn C. R.
Published: June 2016

The long‐term ground thermal effects of a snow fence were examined in continuous permafrost on Peel Plateau, Northwest Territories. As the fence was erected in the early 1980s, present‐day ground thermal conditions include the response to over 30 years of snow pack modification. Snow cover, ground temperatures, late‐summer thaw depth and moisture content are higher at the fence than in ground nearby. The terrain surface around the fence has subsided about 0.5 m due to the disturbance. Field measurements indicate that a talik has developed below the fence. Numerical simulation of the ground thermal regime beneath the snow drift suggests that the talik began to form 25 years after the fence was constructed, and that thaw depth in late summer is now about 3 m. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiocyanate‐free ruthenium(II) tetrabenzoporphyrin sensitizers for photoelectrochemical cell: A DFT/TD‐DFT probe for stability of axial donor ligands
Authors: Lv Jin‐Yu , Guo Yuan‐Ru , Su Dong‐Mei , Zhang Ming‐Jing , Pan Qing‐Jiang
Published: June 2016

Although previously studied [(HOOC)4(TBPor)Ru(NCS)2]2– (A; TBPor = tetrabenzoporphrin) avoided the intrinsic π‐stacking aggregation of planar metallophorphryins via incorporating two axial ligands, these isothiocyanato groups are believed to be the weakest part of the sensitizer while operating in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this work, a series of thiocyanate‐free ruthenium porphyrin complexes featuring with phenyl/substituted‐phenyl axial groups, [(HOOC)4(TBPor)Ru(L′)2]2– (L′ = Ph (1), PhF2 (2), PhCl2 (3), PhBr2 (4), and PhI2 (5)), have been examined using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT). Both analyses of electronic structures and calculations of interaction energies demonstrate that the Ru‐L′ interaction in 1–5 is significantly enhanced relative to the Ru‐NCS in A, which will raise chemical stability of the former in DSSCs. Single‐electron oxidation mechanism has been proposed. Oxidation potentials (E0) are increased by 0.2–0.6 V when changing axial groups from NCS to Ph/PhX2. The spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) relativistic effects can be negligible in computing E0 values. TD‐DFT calculations show that 1–5 have more intense Q band in the visible region than A does. Taken together, high chemical stability, suitable oxidation potential and expanding absorption spectra would allow for potential applications of the thiocyanate‐free sensitizers in DSSCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Murakami Yasushi , Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Kajikawa Shigehisa , Murakami Ayuka , Ishida Akane
Published: June 2016

We herein report a rare case of disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in a young immunocompetent man. A previously healthy 26‐year‐old man presented with persistent headache and nonproductive cough. Chest computed tomography indicated mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Cryptococcal lymphadenitis and meningitis was confirmed by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration and central spinal fluid examination, respectively. He received liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by fluconazole and finally improved.
Highly Efficient Platinum Free Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Silver Nanocomposites as Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Nath Bikash Chandra , Das Dhaneswar , Basumatary Jabbor , Ahmed Gazi Ameen , Dolui Swapan Kumar
Published: June 2016

In this report we have synthesized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/silver (Ag) nanocomposites using reduction method. Integrating properties of MWCNT and Ag as nanocomposites have shown potential application as counter electrode (CE) in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Different analyses were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman, analysis to examine the successful incorporation of Ag nanoparticles with MWCNT. A systematic morphological study was carried out using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals the enhancement in catalytic activity towards redox couple (I3−/I−) in DSSCs. Thus, current density vs voltage (J‐V) curve assists in evaluating the influence of Ag nanoparticles on MWCNT during photovoltaic conversion. The optimum photo‐conversion efficiency (η) of 5.44 % was achieved using MWCNT/(0.75 %)Ag nanocomposites as CE which is analogous to conventional Pt CE. Finally, electrochemical impedance parameters endorse well in the improvement of photo conversion efficiency through reduction in charge transfer resistance (Rct).
Detection of the growth‐restricted fetus: which centile charts?
Authors: Baird Samantha M. , Davies‐Tuck Miranda , Coombs Peter , Knight Michelle , Wallace Euan M.
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Poor identification of fetal growth restriction (FGR) continues to impede reductions in the rate of stillbirth. Better detection of FGR will likely be afforded by the use of late pregnancy ultrasound. However, which estimated fetal weight (EFW) centile charts should be used is not clear.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing third trimester ultrasound for clinically suspected FGR. Four models of EFW centile calculation were compared: Australian birthweight (BW) centiles, ultrasound‐derived EFW centiles and customised EFW centiles with and without maternal ethnicity. The models were assessed by a comparison with actual BW centile and their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in determining FGR (BW <10th centile).

Results

Of the 107 women who met inclusion criteria, 78 (73%) had a BW <10th centile [median (IQR) BW centile: 4th (2nd–11th)]. Non‐customised ultrasound‐derived EFW centiles were the most accurate and customised centiles the least. The mean error, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each were as follows: 0.4, 0.77, 0.45, 0.79 and 0.42 and −4, 0.88, 0.28, 0.77 and 0.44, respectively.

Discussion

Non‐customised ultrasound‐derived EFW centiles appear the most useful in the determination of fetal weight centiles.
Molecular Assembly of Polysaccharide‐Based Microcapsules and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Feng Xiyun , Du Cuiling , Li Junbai
Published: June 2016

Advanced multifunctional microcapsules have revealed great potential in biomedical applications owing to their tunable size, shape, surface properties, and stimuli responsiveness. Polysaccharides are one of the most acceptable biomaterials for biomedical applications because of their outstanding virtues such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Many efforts have been devoted to investigating novel molecular design and efficient building blocks for polysaccharide‐based microcapsules. In this Personal Account, we first summarize the common features of polysaccharides and the main principles of the design and fabrication of polysaccharide‐based microcapsules, and further discuss their applications in biomedical areas and perspectives for future research.
Theoretical Study on Highly Active Bifunctional Metalloporphyrin Catalysts for the Coupling Reaction of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hasegawa Jun‐ya , Miyazaki Ray , Maeda Chihiro , Ema Tadashi
Published: June 2016

Highly active bifunctional metalloporphyrin catalysts were developed for the coupling reaction of epoxides with CO2 to produce cyclic carbonates. The bifunctional catalysts have both quaternary ammonium halide groups and a metal center. To elucidate the roles of these catalytic groups, DFT calculations were performed. Control reactions using tetrabutylammonium halide as a catalyst were also investigated for comparison. In the present article, the results of our computational studies are overviewed. The computational results are consistent with the experimental data and are useful for elucidating the structure–activity relationship. The key features responsible for the high catalytic activity of the bifunctional catalysts are as follows: 1) the cooperative action of the halide anion (nucleophile) and the metal center (Lewis acid); 2) the near‐attack conformation, leading to the efficient opening of the epoxide ring in the rate‐determining step; and 3) the conformational change of the quaternary ammonium cation to stabilize various anionic species generated during catalysis, in addition to the robustness (thermostability) of the catalysts.
Retain low‐income, first‐generation students by making good habits mandatory
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

Mars Hill University in North Carolina was created to provide educational opportunities for students who otherwise wouldn't have them. That was in 1856, and the institution has undergone a few name changes since then.
Staff development, technological innovations mark a successful career
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

Registrars come to the profession in a wide variety of ways. For William R. Haid, the idea came straight out of the trash. After he worked with his university's registrar as an undergraduate student‐worker in the institution's computer center, he asked the registrar for a reference when he graduated. The registrar not only agreed; he said he had seen a job posting that might be right for Haid. He reached in his trash can and pulled out a notice for an assistant registrar position at Arizona State University.
Practical energy‐aware cell association for small cell deployment
Authors: Falconetti Laetitia , Karaki Reem , Corroy Steven
Published: June 2016

In this work, we consider a heterogeneous network consisting of macro and pico base stations. Our goal is to associate users to one of the base stations,while minimizing the energy consumption of the network. Moreover, the algorithm should consider constraints of a real system and thus, only include the necessary complexity that helps reducing the energy consumption. Therefore, we first formulate the energy minimization problem in three different manners, each one including a different level of modeling details. The solution of each problem is analyzed to identify the important factors to consider when designing an energy‐optimized cell association algorithm. Based on this analysis, we then develop a practical energy‐aware cell association heuristic. Finally, the developed algorithm is evaluated using complex system simulations. Results show that significant energy savings are achievable by the developed algorithm compared with the conventional cell association in cellular networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small molecules targeting viral RNA
Authors: Hermann Thomas
Published: June 2016

Highly conserved noncoding RNA (ncRNA) elements in viral genomes and transcripts offer new opportunities to expand the repertoire of drug targets for the development of antiinfective therapy. Ligands binding to ncRNA architectures are able to affect interactions, structural stability or conformational changes and thereby block processes essential for viral replication. Proof of concept for targeting functional RNA by small molecule inhibitors has been demonstrated for multiple viruses with RNA genomes. Strategies to identify antiviral compounds as inhibitors of ncRNA are increasingly emphasizing consideration of drug‐like properties of candidate molecules emerging from screening and ligand design. Recent efforts of antiviral lead discovery for RNA targets have provided drug‐like small molecules that inhibit viral replication and include inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV), and influenza A virus. While target selectivity remains a challenge for the discovery of useful RNA‐binding compounds, a better understanding is emerging of properties that define RNA targets amenable for inhibition by small molecule ligands. Insight from successful approaches of targeting viral ncRNA in HIV, HCV, SARS CoV, and influenza A will provide a basis for the future exploration of RNA targets for therapeutic intervention in other viral pathogens which create urgent, unmet medical needs. Viruses for which targeting ncRNA components in the genome or transcripts may be promising include insect‐borne flaviviruses (Dengue, Zika, and West Nile) and filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg). WIREs RNA 2016, 7:726–743. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1373

This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Clinical Outcomes of Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis Patients with a History of Crisis
Authors: Liu Zhenguo , Lai Yingrong , Yao Shiyuan , Feng Huiyu , Zou Jianyong , Liu Weibin , Lei Yiyan , Zhu Hua , Cheng Chao
Published: June 2016

Background

The use of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with a history of myasthenic crisis (MC) has not been well established. Here, we determined the efficacy of thymectomy by assessing the long‐term clinical outcomes and reviewed thymectomy reports on MC patients.

Methods

Subjects included 31 patients who suffered at least one crisis before surgery, with a cumulative total 73 episodes of MC in Southern China between May 2000 and December 2010. Long‐term follow‐up was performed and clinical outcomes were evaluated. We used complete stable remission (CSR), termed an asymptomatic status without medication for at least 12 months; general complete remission (GCR), termed an asymptomatic status with or without some form of therapy excluding cholinesterase inhibitors, to assess patient outcomes.

Results

All patients underwent thymectomy with an overall complication rate of 16.1 % and a perioperative mortality rate of 3.2 %. Long‐term follow‐up occurred between 12.6 and 177 months, at which point 18 (58.1 %) patients experienced improved status, including one patient who achieved CSR; 13 (41.9 %) patients achieved GCR; 6 (19.4 %) showed unchanged status and one worse (3.2 %) status. The remaining 6 patients died, with 3 due to MG‐related causes. Using a multivariate Cox regression analysis of GCR by characteristics, patients with better response to medical treatments before thymectomy were positively associated with GCR rates (p = 0.028).

Conclusions

Extended transsternal thymectomy is a feasible and effective therapy for MG patients with crisis history, especially for those patients who have shown positive signs of remission after exhausting conventional medical treatments.
Minimally invasive single-session double-level rotational osteotomy of the forearm bones to correct fixed pronation deformity in congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis
Authors: Bishay Sherif N. G.
Published: June 2016

Background

Congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis is the most common congenital disease of the elbow joints and forearms.

Methods

This was a prospective study of 12 consecutive children (14 forearms) who presented to the National Institute of Neuromotor System in Egypt between September 2012 and September 2013 with severe congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis, having a mean pronation deformity of 70.7° (range 60°–85°), and who underwent operative correction by single-session double-level rotational osteotomy and percutaneous intramedullary K-wires of both the radius and ulna. Ten forearms were type III, and four were type II according to Cleary and Omer classification. The mean age at the time of surgery was 5 years and 2 months (range 4 years and 10 months to 6 years and 5 months). They were evaluated for functional results after rotational corrective osteotomy at a mean interval of 30.4 months (range 24–36 months) by physical examination and radiographs.

Results

All children had a mean pronation deformity correction of 59.8° (range 30°–90°) reaching a final position of 20°–30° of pronation in the affected dominant extremities and 20° of supination in the affected non-dominant extremities after osteotomy. All children showed improvement in functional activities, with no loss of correction or non-union in any child, and no circulatory disturbances, neuropathies, or hypertrophic scars.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive single-session double-level rotation osteotomy of the proximal ulna and distal radius with percutaneous intramedullary K-wire fixation is a safe, technically simple and efficient procedure which corrects pronation deformity.