bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS MAKNA KONOTATIF PADA KUMPULAN PUISI KETIKA CINTA BICARA KARYA KAHLIL GIBRAN
Authors: Zai Buteria
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan peneliti untuk mengidentifikasi makna konotatif pada kumpulan puisi Ketika Cinta Bicara karya Kahlil Gibran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan makna konotatif yang digunakan pada kumpulan puisi Ketika Cinta Bicara karya Kahlil Gibran. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah kumpulan puisi Ketika Cinta Bicara karya Kahlil Gibran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, makna konotatif yang digunakan pada kumpulan puisi Ketika Cinta Bicara karya Kahlil Gibran dari 9 puisi yang dipilih, ditemukan makna konotatif secara keseluruhan berjumlah 71 penggunaan, di antaranya pada puisi yang berjudul Cinta, ditemukan makna konotatif berjumlah 8, puisi yang berjudul Demi Surga, Jantung Hatiku berjumlah 6, puisi yang berjudul Gita Cinta berjumlah 15, puisi yang berjudul Musim Panas berjumlah 4, puisi yang berjudul Musim Gugur berjumlah 5, puisi yang berjudul Musim Dingin berjumlah 8, puisi yang berjudul Pandangan Pertama berjumlah 7, puisi yang berjudul Ciuman Pertama berjumlah 8, dan puisi yang berjudul Pernikahan berjumlah 10 penggunaan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa setiap larik pada kumpulan puisi Ketika Cinta Bicara karya Kahlil Gibran mengandung  makna konotatif di setiap syairnya. Saran yang dapat diberikan peneliti khususnya bagi guru bahasa dan sastra Indonesia, melalui kumpulan puisi Ketika Cinta Bicara karya Kahlil Gibran dapat dijadikan sebagai materi pembelajaran sastra untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis dan mengapresiasi karya sastra. Bagi siswa, hendaknya memperluas wawasanya pada materi mengenai makna konotatif, sehingga mampu membedakan makna konotatif di dalam sebuah karya sastra khususnya dalam puisi Ketika Cinta Bicara. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam mengembangkan penelitian selanjutnya yang masih dalam ruang lingkup yang sama
KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN TANDA BACA PADA KARANGAN NARASI SISWA KELAS X IIS-A SMA SWASTA KAMPUS TELUKDALAM TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Amajihono Siriakus
Published: November 2023

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca pada karangan narasi siswa kelas X IIS-A SMA Swasta Kampus Telukdalam Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021 yang masih belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (PUEBI). Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca pada karangan narasi siswa. Pendekatan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil karangan narasi siswa kelas X IIS-A SMA Swasta Kampus Telukdalam Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca pada karangan narasi siswa sebanyak 143 kesalahan, dan penggunaan tanda baca yang benar sebanyak 99 tanda baca. Jumlah keseluruhan tanda baca yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak 242 tanda baca. Kesalahan tanda baca yang paling banyak digunakan adalah tanda koma yaitu sebanyak 69 kesalahan. Kemudian, kesalahan penggunaan tanda titik pada karangan narasi siswa yang ditemukan peneliti sebanyak 34 kesalahan. Selanjutnya, kesalahan penggunaan tanda hubung yang ditemukan peneliti pada karangan narasi siswa yaitu sebanyak 15 kesalahan. Seterusnya, kesalahan penggunaan tanda seru yang ditemukan peneliti yaitu sebanyak 14 kesalahan. Selanjutnya, kesalahan penggunaan tanda petik yang ditemukan peneliti yaitu sebanyak 8  kesalahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam penulisan karangan narasi siswa terdapat kesalahan karena kurangnya pengguasaan penggunaan tanda baca, terbatasnya kosa kata yang dimiliki dan ketidaktelitian siswa dalam menulis karangan narasi. Saran peneliti yaitu (1) bagi guru, hendaknya berupaya membelajarkan siswa tentang penggunaan tanda baca pada karangan narasi serta memperluas kosa kata siswa. (2) bagi siswa, hendaknya memperluas kosa kata yang dimiliki, agar dapat menghasilkan tulisan yang baik dan benar.
THE MORAL MESSAGE CONTAINED IN THE ALBUM MAENA 2 BY RUSDI GROUP VOL. 22
Authors: Zagoto Anita
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan peneliti untuk mengetahui pesan moral tentang kehidupan masyarakat, perjalanan hidup, perumpamaan dalam menjalani kehidupan, tentang adat yang berlaku di lingkungan masyarakat yang terkandung dalam Album Maena 2 oleh Rusdi Group Vol. 22 yang berisi 9 lirik lagu. Salah satunya pada lagu “Silumana Zatuagu”. Dalam lagu ini terdapat pesan moral yaitu “No ioroiό inagu nano mόido nihalό, fosumange wo’omou amau inau matuamό”, yang artinya ini pesan seorang ibu kepada anaknya perempuan yang hendak menikah. Katanya, “hargai suamimu, hormati ayah dan ibu mertuamu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pesan moral (hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri, hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain dan hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan) yang terkandung dalam Album Maena 2 oleh Rusdi Group Vol 22. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yakni Album Maena 2 oleh Rusdi Group Vol 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan ke-9 teks maena tersebut, dapat diuraikan bahwa terdapat 7 (tujuh) yang mengandung pesan moral (hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri), terdapat 6 (enam) yang mengandung pesan moral (hubungan manusia dengan manusia lain dan terdapat 3 (tiga) yang mengandung pesan moral (hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan).
ANALISIS STRUKTUR TEKS LAPORAN OBSERVASI SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 2 SUSUA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Laia Erlina
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesulitan-kesulitan siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Susua dalam menulis struktur teks laporan observasi. Teks laporan observasi adalah teks yang memberikan informasi suatu objek setelah diadakan investigasi atau observasi secara sistematis di lapangan. Dalam menyusun laporan-laporan dari hasil observasi tersebut, harus disusun secara sistematis dengan menjabarkan struktur-struktur teks laporan observasi. struktur teks laporan observasi yaitu; definisi umum, deskripsi bagian, dan deskripsi manfaat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan struktur teks laporan observasi yang ditulis oleh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Susua. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan pengolahan data yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti pada teks laporan observasi yang ditulis oleh 19 siswa diperoleh hasil bahwa itu 11 siswa tidak dapat menulis teks laporan obsevasi secara terstruktur sedangkan 8 siswa lainnya dinyatakan mampu menulis teks laporan observasi secara terstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 susua dinyatakan tidak dapat menulis teks laporan observasi sesuai struktur yang sebenarnya. Hal ini dikarenakan kemampuan siswa yang tidak memadai dalam memahami dan mendeskripsikan struktur teks laporan obsevasi dengan baik. Saran, Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk meningkatkan kualitas mengajar pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indoenesia, khususnya pada pembelajaran menulis teks laporan observasi. Bagi siswa, hendaknya meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan pengetahuan tentang struktur teks laporan observasi. Bagi peneliti lain, hendaknya penelitian ini dijadikan sebagai bahan referensi untuk melakukan penelitian yang relevan.
ANALISIS POLA KALIMAT DASAR BAHASA NIAS UTARA DIALEK TENGAH DI DESA SIFALAGӦ SUSUA KECAMATAN SUSUA KABUPATEN NIAS SELATAN: KAJIAN SINTAKSIS
Authors: Laia Maretnita
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kepedulian dan keingintahuan peneliti tentang bahasa daerah Nias karena setiap bahasa memiliki ciri khas yang spesifik yang tidak dimiliki oleh bahasa lain. Oleh karena itu, sehubungan luasnya aspek kebahasaan, peneliti melakukan penelitian tentang analisis pola kalimat dasar bahasa Nias Utara dialek Tengah di Desa Sifalagö Susua, Kecamatan Susua, Kabupaten Nias Selatan: kajian sintaksis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola kalimat dasar bahasa Nias Utara dialek Tengah. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam bahasa Nias Utara dialek Tengah di Desa Sifalagö Susua, Kecamatan Susua, Kabupaten Nias Selatan terdapat pola kalimat dasar yang diawali dari pola S-P, S-P-O, S-P-Pel, S-P-O-Ket, S-P-O-Pel, S-P-Pel-Ket. P-S, P-S-Pel, P-S-O, P-S-O-Ket, P-Pel-Ket, P-S-Ket, P-S-Ket-Pel. Ket-S-P, Ket-P-S, Ket-S-P-O, Ket-S-P-Pel, Ket-P-S-Pel. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam bahasa Nias Utara dialek Tengah di Desa Sifalagö Susua, Kecamatan Susua, Kabupaten Nias Selatan, penggunaan pola kalimat dalam kalimat dasar bisa diawali oleh pola subjek, pola prredikat, dan pola keterangan. Peneliti menyarankan, 1) kepada mahasiswa supaya melestarikan dan mengembangkan ilmu bahasa Nias. 2) adanya perhatian dari pihak pemerintah daerah terhadap pelestarian bahasa Nias dengan menerapkan kebijakan bahwa di sekolah SD dan SMP meggunakan bahasa Nias di daerah setempat pada pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar khususnya pada mata pelajaran Mulok.
SINONIM DAN ANTONIM DALAM BAHASA NIAS UTARA DIALEK BARAT DI DESA ONOLIMBU YÖU KECAMATAN MANDREHE BARAT KABUPATEN NIAS BARAT
Authors: Julita Winta Sari Gulo
Published: November 2023

This research was motivated by the use of synonymous and antonymous word in the west dialect of the North Nias language in Onolimbu You village. This research aims to 1) describe the use of synonymous verbs (synonims with the same meaning and almost the same meaning) in the west dialect of the North Nias language in Onolimbu You village, West Mandrehe District, West Nias Regency and 2) describe of the use of the west dialect of the North Nias language verb antonymous in Onolimbu You village, West Mandrehe District, West Nias Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research in the Onolimbu You village community. The research instrument was carried out by researchers. The data collection technique used by researchers is semi-structured interview techniques. The data analysis technique was carried out by following the data collection steps, namely the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage and the data verification stage. Checking the validity of the data used by researchers technique triangulation and source triangulation. The results of the research show that there are synonymous and antonymous verb in Onolimbu You village. There are two types of synonymous verb, namely synonymous with the same meaning and synonyms with almost the same meaning. The suggestions put forward by researchers are 1) for students to carry out further research both in the field studied and other fields to develop knowledge of the Nias language, 2) For parents to continue to implement policies for the younger generation so that they continue  to preserve the Nias language.
NILAI-NILAI MORAL PADA NOVEL “ELIANA” KARYA TERE-LIYE (STUDI ANALISIS ISI)
Authors: Anita Zagoto
Published: November 2023

Novel merupakan karya sastra yang dapat menggiring pembaca pada proses penokohan,  dan penulisan  tujuan novel tersebut. Membaca karya sastra mendapatkan pembelajaran serta memperoleh manfaat  pengajaran dalam nilai-nilai moral. Novel “Eliana” karya Tere-Liye salah satu novel yang diminati oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Novel ini merupakan novel yang terlaris (bestseller) selain itu isinya sangat mudah dipahami serta kisah yang bermanfaat. Dalam karya Tere-Liye ini, peneliti berusaha menulis dan menyajikan tentang kehidupan anak-anak yang bermoral dan gigih dalam menggapai segala impiannya.Tujuan penelitianuntuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai moral dalam novel “Eliana” karya Tere-Liye. Peneliti menggunakanmetode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel “Eliana” karya Tere-Liyemengandung (a) nilai kejujuran, (b) nilai disiplin, (c) nilai hati nurani, (d) nilai empati, (e) nilai menghormati orang lain, (f) nilai kontrol diri, (g) nilai keadilan.Maka dapat disimpulkanbahwa novel “Eliana” karya Tere-Liye mengandung pembelajaran karakter nilai-nilai moral. Saran yang diajukan : (1) Guru bahasa dan sastra Indonesia sebaiknya dapat menggunakan novel “Eliana” karya Tere-Liye sebagai bahanpembelajarankarakter, (2) kepada pembaca novel “Eliana” karya Tere-Liye sebaiknya dapat memahami dan menyerap nilai-nilai moral yang terdapat dalam karya sastra, (3)Siswa seharusnya lebih giat lagi dalam membaca karya sastra karena dengan membaca karya sastra dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, daya ingat, bahkan mengasah kecerdasan. (4) kepada peneliti seharusnya dapat menggunakan novel Eliana karya Tere-Liye sebagai pedoman pada penelitian selanjutnya.
ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN WONDER WOMAN MOVIE (2017)
Authors: Waruwu Elisabeth , Laiya Rebecca Evelyn , Laia Mohammad Yunus
Published: November 2023

In this research, the writer discuss the using of illocutionary acts in the utterance of each character in Wonder Woman Movie. The aims of the research are to find out the types of illocutionary act and also to find out the dominant types of illocutionary act which deal with this research. There are five types of illocutionary act: assertives, directives, commisives, expressives, and declaratives. The writer used qualitative descriptive analysis method. The writer collected the data from the script of Wonder Woman movie, then identifying and classifying of illocutionary act, and describing the context related to this research. The writer used content analysis in analysing data according to speech act theory of Searle. The result showed that four types illocutionary acts in this research. Those were: Assertives with total amount 31 utterancess contained paradigm cases of statements, descriptions, and explanations; directives with total amount 10 utterances contained paradigm cases of request and commands; commissives with total amount 3 utterances contained paradigm cases of promises and pledge: expressives with total amount 3 utterances contained paradigm cases apologies and thanks. In this research assertives become as the dominant types of illocutionary acts used in Wonder Woman movie. But in this research declaratives was not found based on used research theory. This study is expected to give some useful for reader insights in understanding what illocutionary acts is.
TRANSLATION METHOD USED IN TRANSLATING SHORT STORY “THE GIFT OF THE MAGI” BY HARUM WIBOWO
Authors: Laia Marnidewi , Wau Senadaman , Zagoto Impiani
Published: November 2023

The aims of this research were to find out kinds of translation method and to find out the most dominants kinds of translation method used by Harum Wibowo in translating short story “The Gift of the Magi”. This research was conducted by using Qualitative research to analyze the translation methods used by Harum Wibowo in translating short story “The Gift of the Magi”. The data were analyzed by reading both English and Indonesian version of the short story classifying each sentence according to each translation methods and explaining why the utterances are included into each translation methods. There were 125 utterances in short story “The Gift of the Magi”. The result shows that there were 6 kinds of 8 translation methods found in translation short story “The Gift of the Magi”. the translation methods used by the translator in translating short story, word for word translation (2 utterances), literal translation (34 utterances), faithful translation (33 utterances), free translation (53 utterances), idiomatic translation (1 utterance), and communicative translation (2 utterances). Free translation method is more frequently used because the translator tried to make the target reader understand as far as possible. These results are expected will give a new insight for teacher and students about translation method and more be carefully in using translation method in order to make a better translation.
THE ENGLISH LEARNING QUALITY DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19 OF STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 1 TELUK DALAM
Authors: Loi Mega Putriani Foni Serni , Laia Rebecca Evelyn , Ndraha Lies Dian Marsha
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to know how The English learningQuality during pandemic of students at SMP Negeri 1 Telukdalam. The total participants was nine participants; three participants from seventh grade, three participants from eigth grade and three participants from ninth grade. The research is used qualitativeresearch approach which used descriptive type of research to describe the English learning quality by using seven indicators of learning quality by Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. The technique of data collection in the research were interview the students and English teachers and observation using field note inEnglish teaching learning process in the class. The result shows that the students in SMP Negeri 1 Teluk Dalam was unfulfilled the learning quality indicators. There are three indicators that was unfulfilled, the indicators were Student’s Activity indicator, Material indicator, and Students’ outcome indicator. Based onthe result of the research, it can be concluded that the English learning quality during pandemic covid-19 of students at SMP Negeri 1 TelukDalam is unfulfilled in some indicators. The researcher suggest that, the english teachers should be able to explorate the class in online or offline class to improve the learning toreach the indicators learning quality, and also for the students should be able to adapt with any situation in learning even in online or offline class.
GRAMMATICAL DEVIATION IN RICH BRIAN’S SONG LYRICS
Authors: Halawa Fisti Julianis , Zagoto Sitasi , Laia Restu Damai
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to analyze the types of grammatical deviation in Rich Brian’s song lyrics. This research is designed in qualitative research with descriptive approach. The data of this research is the three lyrics of Rich Brian’s songs, are: Dat stick, Who that be, and Glow like that. The prosecures used during analyzing the data were data condensation, data displayed, verifying and drawing conclusion  (Miles, Huberman & Saldana 2014 31-32). Based on the data analysis, it was found that there were six types of grammatical deviation, there are omission, double negation, overgeneralization, deviation of preposition, deviation of verb and deviation of pronoun and the deviation was mostly occured in the lyrics of the songs is omission. The researcher suggests English teachers, student, and readers to use this research as the reference to increase their knowledge about grammatical deviation. Also the readers to use this research as a guidance in conducting the relevant research to sharpen and enlarge their literal development by trying to understand deviation in song lyrics.
CROSSWORD PUZZLE GAME FOR TEACHING VOCABULARY
Authors: Zagoto Impiani , Laia Renata R. S. A.
Published: November 2023

Improving students’ vocabulary mastery using Crossword Puzzle Game was the aim of this research. This research was designed by using Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was done in two cycles. The subject of this research was the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1. The instruments of collecting the data were observation paper and test. The result of data analysis showed that the result of the researcher’s observation paper in the cycle I for the first meeting was 73.68% while in the second meeting was 85.71%. In the cycle II for the first meeting was 88.23% and the second meeting was 100%. The result of students’ observation paper on the cycle I for the first meeting was 65.93% and the second meeting was 71.43%. In the cycle II for the first meeting was 87.91% and the second meeting was 98.02%. Furthermore, the average score of the students’ test result in cycle I was 40.95 while the average score of students’ test result in cycle II was 75. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the implementation of Crossword Puzzle Game is useful to teach vocabulary since it offered a good exercise to help the students to understand and learn different levels of meaning for the same words. In addition, it is suggested to the English teacher to apply Crossword Puzzle Game in teaching English vocabulary and for another researcher as a reference in doing research.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY BY USINGPICTURE AND PICTURE STRATEGY AT THE SEVENTH GRADE OF SMP SWASTA HOYA SEJAHTERA IN 2018/2019 ACADEMIC YEAR
Authors: Lase Arisman
Published: November 2023

This research is aimed at improving students’ ability in mastering vocabulary through the implementation of Picture and Picture Strategy. This research took the seventh grade students of SMP Swasta Hoya Sejahtera as the subject of the research which consisted of 26 students.  This research was designed using CAR method that involved planning, action, observation, and reflection. There were two cycles done. The teaching material chosen were ‘describing parts of human body’ and ‘describing peoples’ activities for everyday’. Instruments of data collection were observation papers as qualitative data and the test as quantitative data. Qualitative data wasanalysed  bySudjono (2014:82-83). Data analysis result shows that students’ ability in mastery vocabulary was significantly improved by implementation of Picture and Picture Strategy.Based on the observation papers, result it shows that activities done were increased each meeting. In addition, the test result in cycle I shows that there were 53.76 students who passed MCC by average score was 61.53. This achievement was significantly improved in cycle II to 92.16% who passed MCC by average score was 82.  Total improvement from before conducting research to cycle II was 61.44%. It is concluded that this research was successfully implemented and Picture and Picture strategy is effective to improve students’ ability in mastering vocabulary. It is recommended that this teaching strategy to be implemented to another related skills.
DIRECTIVE LANGUAGE FUNCTION IN “BEFORE I FALL” MOVIE SCRIPT”
Authors: Loi Kristina
Published: November 2023

This research was aimed to analyze the types of directive language function in Before I Fall Movie Script and describe the meanings of directive language function in Before I Fall movie script. This research designed by using qualitative research with descriptive qualitative approach. The data was obtained from movie script of Before I Fall. The data was collected by downloading Before I Fall movie script, finding the words, phrases or sentences which consist of directive language function, the analyze it which found out. In analyzing the data, the researcher used theory of Miles, Huberman, & Saldaria (2014:31-33). To examine the credibility of this study the researcher used triangulation such as data triangulation, investigator triangulation and theory triangulation. Based on the result, the researcher found three of the types of directive languages function, they are 25 commands, 19 requests, 11 suggestion. It can be concluded that the dominant directive used in “Before I Fall” movie script is commands are 25. Based on the conclusions, the research would give contribution for the college students especially at English Department, that script of Before I Fall movie can be used as a material college students to broaden and develop their knowledge about directive language function and three of the types directive language function in Before I Fall movie script. And also for the readers or for the next researcher, the researcher suggested this research can be used as a conception and reference in conducting research related to directive language function.
Do Empathy and Theory of Mind Go Hand-in-Hand?: Predicting Preschoolers’ Prosocial Behavior from Their Social Understanding Profiles
Authors: Kim Jae Yoon , Kang Min Ju
Published: November 2023

Objectives: While studies have explored various subtypes of children’s antisocial behavior, there has been a lacuna in identifying the heterogeneity underlying children’s prosocial behaviors are lacking in comparison. Our study aimed to derive the subtypes of children based on the theory of mind (ToM) and empathy, and compare the levels of prosocial behavior between the subtypes.Methods: We adopted latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the heterogeneity in children’s social understanding that underlies prosocial behaviors. A total of 230 preschoolers aged 5-6 years (114 girls, 116 boys) participated in the study. An online questionnaire survey was answered by their mothers to assess children’s prosocial behavior, empathy, and ToM.Results: The LPA revealed that preschoolers may be distinguished into four different profiles: a “moderate social understanding-balanced group (i.e., the scores of empathy and ToM were at similar levels)”; a “low social understanding-ToM higher group (i.e., ToM scores were higher than empathy scores)”; a “low social understanding-emoathy higher group”; and a “high social understanding-ToM higher group.” The “High social understanding-ToM higher” was the most prosocial group and the “low social understanding-ToM higher” was the least prosocial group.Conclusion: The findings reveal the heterogeneity of preschoolers’ social understanding profiles. While both components of social understanding may facilitate children’s development of prosocial behavior, the ability to empathize may compensate for the lack of ability to understand the ToM.
Story Comprehension Skills in School-Aged Children According to Text Type and Story Modality
Authors: Chung Haeun , Jeong Eunae , Nam Seohyun , Kim Jeongwon , Yoon Seo Rin , Kim Ayoung , Yim Dongsun
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to examine school-aged children’s story comprehension skills according to text type and story modalities.Methods: A total of 348 elementary school children from grades 1 to 6 participated in this study. Participants answered the story comprehension questions after performing the story comprehension task according to the three- story modalities. One child read two fictional and one nonfictional texts, or two nonfictional and one fictional texts, and were randomly assigned according to text type and story modality. Story comprehension questions consisted of both factual and inference questions.Results: A significant difference was found in story comprehension performance according to the grade, text type, and story modality. As children get older, the performance of a story comprehension task increased significantly. Regarding the text type, the comprehension of fiction was significantly higher than the nonfiction comprehension. Comparing the story comprehension performance task according to the story modality, the performance was high in the order of reading-while-listening, listening, and reading. In fiction, there was a significant difference between listening and reading modality, whereas no significant difference was found between text modalities in nonfiction.Conclusion: The findings suggest that presenting text as a complex form of listening and reading to schoolaged children can aid in information processing and help children improve their story comprehension. Also, children’s age and text type need to be considerd for assessment and interventions aimed at children’s successful story comprehension.
Trajectories of Peer Play Disconnection and Predictive Factors in Early Childhood
Authors: Cho Yoonju
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study examined the longitudinal development trajectories of peer play disconnection in early childhood and investigated individual and environmental influencing factors.Methods: Data from 1,018 young children of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) from the 5th to 7th waves were used. Latent Growth Curve Modeling was applied using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 to analyze the trajectories of play disconnection and predictive factors.Results: Peer play disconnection increased linearly during early childhood, with significant individual differences in the intercept and slope. Gender, sociality, language development, teacher interaction, and institute preference were factors that reduced the initial value of play disconnection in peer play. Higher reported negative emotionality and marital conflicts were associated with higher initial values of play disconnection. The rate of change in play disconnection was influenced by negative emotionality, activity, language development, teacher interaction, institute preference, and the media use of games and smartphones.Conclusion: Play disconnection in peer play tends to increase continuously, with temperament and language development, media use, and institutional factors influencing this increase. Negative emotionality and activity are associated with a significant increase in play disconnection, while language development and institutional factors may be noted as protective factors affecting the continuous increase in play disconnection. In addition, the increase in the use of screen games and smartphones has been shown to contribute to a rapid increase in play disconnection during early childhood. A theoretical and practical discussion is provided on preventing increased play disconnection in peer play.
Types and Predictors of Young Children’s Problem Behaviors Following the Birth of a Sibling
Authors: Jo Woo Ri , Shin Nary
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To verify the predictors that affect problem behavior trajectories, this study examines how the problem behavior patterns of young children change over time before and the birth of their younger sibling, and the types of trajectories they are classifien into.Methods: The participants were 202 pregnant mothers who had a child over 18 months old. Questionnaires on the child’s problem behaviors were conducted one month before, one month after, and the three months after childbirth. A growth mixture model and logistic regression analyses were performed for classification and predictive analytics.Results: A total of three latent groups of children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors were identified: group at low risk for problem behaviors, group at potential risk for problem behaviors and group at high risk for rising problem behaviors. Logistic regression analyses revealed that children’s temperamental emotionality and sociality, mother’s warm and encouraging behaviors, and depression were significantly associated with trajectory classes of problem behaviors.Conclusion: Our results suggest that to mediate problem behaviors in young children when a younger sibling is born, a variety of supports that consider their individual characteristics and provide affectionate parenting behavior are needed.
The Relationship Between Parents’ Math Expectations and Children’s Math Achievements: Mediating Effects of Home Math Practices by Difficulty Level and Dependency on Private Math Education
Authors: Im Haesung , Kang Sujeong
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The study aim to examine the relationship between parents’ math expectations and young children’s math achievements by focusing on the mediating effects of home math practices according to difficulty level and dependency on private math education. Thus, an objective of the current study was to investigate the proper educational environment for enhancing young children’s math achievements.Methods: A total of 297 children aged 4 and 5 years and their parents were included in the study. Parents were surveyed regarding the Home math environments and controlling variables. Home math practices were divided into basic and advanced math practices based on difficulty level. For the children, math achievements, such as numeracy and mathematical problem-solving skills, were assessed using the PENS-B and Woodcock-Johnson Ⅲ Applied Problems tests.Results: Parent’s high levels of math expectations predicted a greater frequency of basic and advanced math practices at home; however, they did not predict a dependency on private math education. Additionally, advanced math practices at home partially mediated the association between parents’ math expectations and young children’s math achievements. Furthermore, the levels of basic math practices and dependency on private math education at home did not predict young children’s numeracy and mathematical problem-solving skills.Conclusion: Findings of this study imply that to improve mathematical achievements in early childhood—including numeracy and mathematical problem-solving skills—, advanced practices with parents ar home is more beneficial than basic practices at home or private math education.
Projeto e avaliação de um jogo sério desenvolvido para apoiar o aprendizado sobre a cultura brasileira
Authors: Pereira Joshua Kook Ho , Silva Luciano Ferreira , Henklain Marcelo Henrique Oliveira
Published: November 2023

A cultura é um dos elementos mais importantes para uma sociedade. Entretanto, muitos conteúdos culturais são difíceis de serem preservados e acabam sendo esquecidos. O rápido avanço computacional das últimas décadas amenizou esse problema, por exemplo, por meio dos jogos digitais, que se popularizaram e se difundiram não apenas como artefatos de entretenimento, mas também para a educação. Destaca-se que, revisando a literatura observa-se a existência de pesquisas que foram feitas sobre a atuação dos jogos sérios como ferramentas para o ensino de conteúdos culturais. Tal fato permite a catalogação de modelos e frameworks que auxiliam o desenvolvimento dos jogos sérios para esse fim. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo projetar e desenvolver protótipo de jogo sério para ensinar o comportamento de “caracterizar elementos culturais de estados brasileiros”, bem como avaliar evidências preliminares de usabilidade, engajamento e potencial eficiência para o ensino desse comportamento. Como caso de uso, optou-se por trabalhar no jogo os elementos culturais relacionados à culinária, monumentos históricos e história de cidades. Com base em frameworks atuais, foi construído um Game Design e desenvolveu-se um protótipo por meio do motor de jogos Unity. Posteriormente, juízes, que representam o público-alvo, avaliaram usabilidade, engajamento e potencial eficiência do protótipo. Como resultado, verificou-se que o protótipo foi positivamente avaliado pelos juízes e pode se tornar uma ferramenta auxiliar no ensino da cultura brasileira. Estudos futuros precisam testar o protótipo com participantes, buscando comparar conhecimento antes da aplicação do jogo e após, de modo a avaliar a sua eficiência para o ensino.
DPOC-VR: um VR-serious game para apoio ao ensino de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Fernandes Diógenes Pereira , Adiers Dalton Oberdan , da Silva Felipe Borges , Migliorini Bruna Pietrobelli , Goi Ana Paula Copetti , Milanese José Luiz , Siqueira Luciano de Oliveira , Mendes Nathalia Branco Schweitzer , Zanatta Alexandre Lazaretti , Rieder Rafael
Published: November 2023

Serious games direcionados para Educação podem contribuir como ferramentas de apoio ao ensino em sala de aula. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento da primeira versão do DPOC-VR, uma adaptação para Realidade Virtual de um mobile serious game que auxilia no aprendizado de conteúdos relacionados à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. A ideia do projeto é aplicar elementos audiovisuais e rastreamento de movimentos para criar um espaço de conhecimento mais atraente e imersivo para estudantes de Medicina.
Verfassungsrechtliche Zulässigkeit von Vermögensteuern und Vermögensabgaben
Authors: Di Fabio Udo
Published: November 2023

The taxation of wealth and the one-time levy of wealth are part of ideologically nourished discussions in the political and pre-political sphere. This study attempts - on the basis of constitutional principles and constitutional court rulings - to present the legal perspectives of the potential tax object "wealth" and correspondingly compelling guard rails. For this purpose, both the historical development of the wealth tax in the Federal Republic of Germany and the question of "tax justice", which connects legal and ethical discourses, are raised. The work combines (supposed) questions of justice with a normative guideline provided by the constitutional law.
Obesity: A Prerequisite for Major Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Abiola Afolabi Hafeez , Zakaria Zaidi , Md. Salleh Salzihan , Seng Ch’ng Ewe , Norasikin Mohd Nafi Siti , Aizat Bin Abdul Aziz Ahmad , Badri Al-Mhanna Sameer , Adebayo Irekeola Ahmad , Wada Yusuf , Bishir Daku Abubakar
Published: November 2023

Obesity is rampantly soaring at an alarming rate globally and simultaneously causing an increased incidence, and predisposition to various comorbidities. obesity is body mass index of >30kg/m2, while <18kg/m2 is underweight. The world at large fails to recognize obesity as an inevitable disease that requires strict measures to control this modifiable risk factor. W.H.O news release reported that over one billion people globally are obese among which 650 million were adults, 340 million were adolescents, and 39 million were children. The lowest obesity prevalence was reported in Timor Leste at 3.80%, Bangladesh at 3.60%, and Vietnam at 2.10% while the highest were noted in Nauru at 61%, cook island at 55.9%, and Palau at 55.3%. obesity is the most prevailing health problem (15% globally) associated with an increased propensity for development of several medical illnesses, obesity-associated adverse outcomes causing fatal complications that are difficult to manage, and premature mortality. The obese often feel they are not socially cared for by society and are accorded limited time by physicians who don’t view their health concerns from their own perspectives. Thus, making them pessimistic from low self-esteem and discrimination, body shaming, and stigmatization. They eventually develop depressive-anxiety disorder because of distrust insight.
Hospitality Restaurant Operations: Safety and Hygiene Practices
Authors: Were Simon O.
Published: November 2023

Hotel Restaurants contributes immensely to the economic well-being of many Countries worldwide. Apart from solving patrons’ dining needs, restaurants employ many people across the world and thus contributes to the global economic growth. Notwithstanding, restaurant operations provides an avenue for customer attraction, service, and retention! Globally, hotels and/or restaurants invest heavily in restaurant operations processes with a view of staying competitive within the highly volatile field. However, investors within this lucrative business are facing a myriad of challenge pertaining safety and hygiene, which is a threat to the goodwill, and in many cases results in legal proceeding which may be very costly to hospitality organizations. This book chapter will therefore focus on safety and hygiene practices within independent and dependent restaurants, in order to equip hotel practitioners with up-to date and relevant skills, knowledge and information on how to provide hazard-free environment, in consideration of sound restaurant operations that incorporates sound hygiene practices, critical control points and organizational safety principles.
Application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and Recent Technologies for Microbial Inactivation in Mozzarella Production
Authors: Nurye Muhammed , Berhe Tesfemariam
Published: November 2023

The production of mozzarella cheese involves several steps that can lead to microbial contamination, which can pose a serious health risk to consumers. The use of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) has become a standard practice in the food industry to ensure the safety of mozzarella cheese. This involves identifying potential hazards and establishing critical control points to prevent or eliminate them. Recent technologies such as high-pressure treatment, pulsed electric fields, microfiltration, cold plasma and ultraviolet light treatment have also been developed to improve the safety and quality of mozzarella cheese by inactivating microorganisms. High-pressure treatment uses water at high pressure, while cold plasma treatment uses ionized gas to inactivate microorganisms. Ultraviolet light treatment uses UV-C light to kill bacteria and viruses, while pulsed electric field treatment uses short pulses of high-voltage current to destroy bacteria. The combination of HACCP and these technologies has proven effective in ensuring the safety and quality of mozzarella cheese. This approach has been widely adopted by the food industry to minimize the risk of microbial contamination and improve food safety. However, further research is needed to optimize the use of these technologies and provide better inactivation of microorganisms while maintaining the quality of mozzarella cheese.
Prehistoric Human Migrations in Southeast Asia through the Lenses of Burial Practices
Authors: C. Samper Carro Sofia
Published: November 2023

Burial practices commonly reflect cultural manifestations shared by a community. How deceased are interred can reflect belief systems, hygiene measures, or complex social diversification, among other factors. In modern times, these practices are highly standardized based on belief and social systems, with static rites repeated throughout time. In prehistoric times, it could be assumed that similar static systems would have been present, with the standing burial practices adopted by a community or including limited modifications. As such, similar mortuary practices in distant regions can provide evidence of migrations or cultural transmission. Extensive research carried out in Southeast Asia reveals diverse burial treatments during both synchronic and diachronic periods. Through a review of the burial practices identified in sites dated from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene (until 3000ya) in Mainland and Island Southeast Asia, this chapter aims to address how mortuary practices can inform on prehistoric human migrations in Southeast Asia before the Austronesian dispersal. A specific case study is presented summarizing previous research in Tron Bon Lei (Alor Island, Indonesia).
Femalization of the Genre of Literature; Novel Owners of the Novel
Authors: Nozen Seyyedeh Zahra
Published: November 2023

Unfairly female authors have been deprived of the title of “mothers” of English Novel and “fathers” have been taken as the sole male owners of the Novel. While not only the first professional novelist was a woman but the numbers of female novelists exceed that of the males. Female authors indefatigably undertook the process of femalization the genre of literature and the current study conducted through the qualitative research and text-analysis methods together with historical approach tried to put light to the fact that how female novelists contributed to the great genre of literature and strengthen it due to their fairness and their gender as well as their treatment of their subject. Aphra Behn penned Oroonoko of 1688 much earlier than Danial Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe of 1719. The purpose of this paper has, by no means, been to convert female writers from the lower novelists to higher ones. However, under the strict social conventions of the seventeenth and eighteenth century England, there had been buried some masterpieces of literary works which need to be delivered again to the world of literature, the negligence of which is a loss and the revival of which is a gain to both consumers and producers of literary works.
Literary Travel and Cycling during fin de siècle England
Authors: Kocabıyık Orkun
Published: November 2023

For most of the literary historians, the time period between the 1880s and 1920s have generally been accepted as the climax years of the notion of literary travelling not only in Europe but also in England. This type of journeying fashion is seen in the literary works of many English writers such as Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Arthur Conan Doyle and many others. Literary travel can be considered as roaming of places of literary interest for pleasure where the traveller could experience and re-memory of birthplaces, homes, haunts and even graves of the prominent literary figures. Visiting places related with the particular writers or books coincides with bicycle condensed years of the last quarter of the nineteenth century (fin de siècle) in England. In addition to the above writers, Elizabeth Robins Pennell and Joseph Pennell are two different kind of travellers and their published account namely Our Sentimental Journey through France and Italy is worth scrutinizing. Both as American citizens, the Elizabeth Robins and Joseph Pennells decided to move to England in 1884, where they carried on their artistic and literary engagements for nearly thirty years, and the couple regularly had the chance to travel to Europe and brought their cultural baggage there on their tricycles. Joseph Pennell was born in Philadelphia, and he was an acclaimed lithographer of his time. After graduating from Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Joseph worked on the illustrations of travel articles and books for American publishers for a while.
Through the mutual connection and overlapping of these two fin de siècle trends (literary travel and cycle travel) and the above-mentioned text of the Pennells’, this paper argues that the sentimental preconception of cycling complicates the experience of travelling for the above-mentioned couple as they tried to imitate Laurence Sterne, well-known writer of novels and travel accounts. For this respect, some supportive quotations will be given from the Pennells’ text in which they both lack to illustrate their sentimental mood in times and in other times, successfully show their joy enthusiasm in their pedalling with their tricycles. Thus, the foremost aim of this paper is to elaborate on Pennells’ text claiming their intertextual allusions on their former model Laurence Sterne.
Fastidious Bacterial Pathogens in Replaced Heart Valves: The First Report of Bartonella quintana and Legionella steeli in Blood Culture-Negative Endocarditis from Iran
Authors: Aghamohammad Shadi , Amirjamshidi Narges , Shams Nosrati Mohammad Sadegh , Mosatafavi Ehsan , Moradnejad Pardis , Mozaffari Kambiz , Mahdieh Nejat , Maleki Majid , Pasha Hamid Reza , Esmaeili Saber , Rohani Mahdi
Published: November 2023

Background: Infectious endocarditis is a rare infectious disease of the cardiac endothelium, but blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE) should be considered. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of possible infectious agents of BCNE. Methods: Real-time PCR and PCR sequencing were used to identify Coxiella burnetii, Tropheryma whipplei, Brucella spp., Legionella spp., and Bartonella spp. 16srRNA sequencing was used for the samples with negative results of PCR sequencing and real-time PCR. Results: Among the 59 positive results, the rates of Bartonella spp., Legionella spp., and Brucella spp. were 8.5%, 5.1%, and 3.4%, respectively. C. burnetii and T. whipplei were not detected. 16srRNA sequencing revealed 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 1 Aeribacillus spp. and 1 uncultured bacterium. Conclusions: The rate of some bacteria that are difficult to detect with routine laboratory tests was high in our study, and it seems that hospitals should use dedicated technology to detect BCNE pathogens.