bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public–private partnerships in Tanzanian affordable housing schemes
Authors: Kavishe Neema , Chileshe Nicholas , Jefferson Ian
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify and rank policy and regulatory framework factors and inherent pitfalls in the delivery of Tanzanian public–private partnerships (PPPs) affordable housing schemes. The strength of interactions between pitfalls is established, with practical solution proposals offered.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data were collected from questionnaires administered to 28 Tanzanian stakeholders. Semi-structured interviews with public and private sector respondents then complemented survey findings with proposed solutions. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, mean scores, parametric tests and correlation analyses. Directed content analysis was used for the interview transcripts.

Findings

Results show that “current PPP policy and guidelines need further improvement” and “Tanzania has a PPP policy and clear regulatory framework” were rated higher as policy and regulatory factors. In contrast, “poor planning skills and analytical capacity”, “high cost of building materials” and “inadequate access to housing finance” were the critical pitfalls. Most practical solutions were broadly financial in nature, or related to training, project management or PPP-enabling environment.

Originality/value

The paper provides solutions that can be tailored to international practitioners interested in understanding the effects of PPP policy, regulatory issues and pitfalls on Sub-Saharan Africa and other similar developing economies.
A theory of contingent business process management
Authors: Zelt Sarah , Recker Jan , Schmiedel Theresa , vom Brocke Jan
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Many researchers and practitioners suggest a contingent instead of a “one size fits all” approach in business process management (BPM). The purpose of this paper is to offer a contingency theory of BPM, which proposes contingency factors relevant to the successful management of business processes and that explains how and why these contingencies impact the relationships between process management and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop the theory by drawing on organizational information processing theory (OIPT) and applying an information processing (IP) perspective to the process level.

Findings

The premise of the model is that the process management mechanisms such as documentation, standardization or monitoring must compensate for the uncertainty and equivocality of the nature of the process that has to be managed. In turn, managing through successful adaptation is a prerequisite for process performance.

Research limitations/implications

The theory provides a set of testable propositions that specify the relationship between process management mechanisms and process performance. The authors also discuss implications of the new theory for further theorizing and outline empirical research strategies that can be followed to enact, evaluate and extend the theory.

Practical implications

The theory developed in this paper allows an alternative way to describe organizational processes and supports the derivation of context-sensitive management approaches for process documentation, standardization, monitoring, execution and coordination.

Originality/value

The theoretical model is novel in that it provides a contextualized view on BPM that acknowledges different types of processes and suggests different mechanisms for managing these. The authors hope the paper serves as inspiration both for further theory development as well as to empirical studies that test, refute, support or otherwise augment the arguments.
Steel Corp: Using Logistics Criteria to Segment Customers
Authors: Manuj Ila , Gerschberger Markus , Freinberger Patrick
Published: December 2018

Steel Corp has a large production capacity but a shrinking steel market in Europe. Reaching growing markets like China and U.A.E will be important to sustaining and growing revenue but is tough due to higher transportation costs. In this case, users must identify and use logistics data; logistics customer segmentation and related cost analysis.
Where Are My Cookies? The Tale of Thin Mints Shortage
Authors: Narayanan Arunachalam , Smith Gordon D.
Published: December 2018

9 million Thin Mints are made every day. In 2015, there was a spike in orders causing production shortages. In this case, students will evaluate how the CEO of Girl Scouts of San Jacinto Council, Mary Vitek, can mitigate the risk of supply disruption and utilize strategic sourcing in order to avoid any further shortages.
An improved simulation model of switched reluctance motor including transient core losses for steady-state operation
Authors: Yan Wenju , Chen Hao , Xu Tong , Wang Kai
Published: December 2018

Purpose

An improved simulation model of switched reluctance motor (SRM) for steady-state operation that considers the core losses in the stator and rotor is established to obtain the steady performance of the high-speed SRM during the design, analysis and control of SRM driving system more accurately.

Design/methodology/approach

The transient core loss model for the material and SRM is presented. Then a new method for calculating the flux density of the motor in real time is introduced, and a steady-state simulation model of the SRM including real-time transient core losses calculation model is established according to the transient flux density. Because the transient core losses calculated by above method are the total core losses of the motor, a core losses distribution method is proposed and the steady-state simulation model of the SRM including the distributed core losses’ effect on the phase winding is established.

Findings

The comparison results show that the proposed model has higher accuracy than the traditional model, excluding core losses, especially at the moments when phase voltage is turn-on and turn-off. The proportion of the core losses to the motor losses increases with the increase in speed. So, the core losses’ effect on the steady-state performance of the high-speed SRM cannot be ignored.

Originality/value

The method to obtain flux density in the real time is presented and the improved steady-state simulation model of SRM that considering transient core losses is proposed.
Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve: towards sustainability
Authors: Urban Boris , Beswick Claire
Published: December 2018

Theoretical basis

Research methodology.

Teaching note

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Learning outcomes

At the end of the case discussion, the students should be able to: demonstrate an understanding of the similarities and differences between profit and non-profit organisations; discuss social entrepreneurship as a process-driven set of activities; assess the organisation-environment-opportunity fit of the dilemma facing them; analyse and resolve practical issues in developing structure and systems; diagnose organisational issues facing enterprises wishing to formalise and grow; evaluate how an organisation may achieve both social and profit objectives; and appreciate the trade-offs of adopting a profit-driven approach for social enterprises.

Case overview/synopsis:

From her office on her farm in the Eden District of South Africa’s Western Cape province, Wendy Crane, who had for many years been involved in the conservation efforts of the Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve (GCBR), drank in the view of the Langeberg Mountains. Her pleasure was a bit diminished by the knowledge that, like so many parts of the GCBR, this area’s environment was under threat. She was preparing for a meeting in March 2017 of the board of the non-profit company (NPC) that sought to initiate and coordinate activities that would achieve the goals of the GCBR. The NPC board members wanted the organisation to be self-sustaining when it came to core costs. To this end, the board had established Gouritz Enterprises as a social enterprise that would be responsible for profit-driven activities which would fund the NPC’s core costs. The enterprise had not yet started work in any formal way, and Crane was not sure if establishing a separate profit-driven entity was the best way of achieving the self-financing goal.

Complexity academic level

Post-graduate management diploma MBAC.

Subject code:

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Numerical investigation on the improved three-hole cooling unit with the trench
Authors: Hou Rui , Wen Fengbo , Cui Tao , Tang Xiaolei , Wang Songtao
Published: December 2018

Purpose

This study aims to introduce a three-hole cooling unit to improve downstream cooling performance by jet interaction and coalescence at a lower manufacture cost.

Design/methodology/approach

A new three-hole cooling unit is proposed. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation is performed in the present study. The CFD package ANSYS CFX is used to predict film-cooling effectiveness and flow fields.

Findings

The results show that, at pitch ratio P/D = 3, Case 4 configuration with a round hole upstream and two trenched holes downstream can obtain a high cooling performance at a lower manufacture cost, especially at the higher turbulence. Considering the effect of increased pitch ratio, Case 6 configurations of three staggered trenched holes show a superior downstream cooling performance than Case 4 configurations. Case 6 configurations have the potential of achieving a high cooling performance with a reduced number of holes and less coolant flow.

Research limitations/implications

The application of these cooling units in the turbine passage will be conducted in the future. The more detailed flow field will be simulated by large eddy simulation in the following research.

Practical implications

The round and trenched cooling holes have been proved to be achievable in the manufacture. This combined three-hole cooling unit will give the opportunity to increase turbine inlet temperature further.

Originality/value

Both cooling performance and practical manufacture are taken into account. This cooling scheme will give a superior surface protection on the hot components.
Climate change adaptation in the management of public buildings: an Indonesian context
Authors: Lukito Jose Arif , Susilawati Connie , Goonetilleke Ashantha
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a strategy to integrate climate change adaptation (CCA) in public asset management (PAM) in Indonesia. This paper focusses on public buildings as part of a public asset.

Design/methodology/approach

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia is very vulnerable to sea-level rise as a result of climate change. The outcomes of a qualitative analysis of interviews with relevant stakeholders were used for the development of the CCA framework in an Indonesian context.

Findings

The study identified that the integration of CCA in PAM in Indonesia requires the incorporation of nine key elements. These are as follows: recognition of climate change; risk management and insurance schemes for assets; integrated asset management and planning; asset use and knowledge; reliable, accessible and understandable data set on climate change; leadership, government commitment and incentives; involvement of research and private entities; community engagement; and coordination of relevant agencies.

Research limitations/implications

This paper informed only the key elements required on the development of framework which integrate CCA in PAM.

Practical implications

The integration of CCA to a PAM framework will support the development of policies and procedures for better-informed decisions.

Social implications

The framework increases opportunities for stakeholders and community engagement in policy development and decision making in relation to CCA for public assets.

Originality/value

This paper synthesises CCA and PAM using knowledge from the three levels of governments in Australia and Indonesia. CCA and PAM groups work separately in Indonesia and integration will reduce climate change risks and improve decision making in PAM.
Investigating the role of knowledge transfer in supply chain collaboration
Authors: Whitehead Kimberly , Zacharia Zach , Prater Edmund
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Despite the large literature base associated with dyadic collaboration, its knowledge-based antecedents are still not well understood. The purpose of this paper is to better understand those antecedents and to explore why the supply chain (SC) literature has found mixed results regarding knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity in dyadic collaboration research.

Design/methodology/approach

The critical incident technique (CIT) was utilized, using qualitative semi-structured interviews to refine a proposed research model. In total, 43 executives were interviewed each providing a description of both a successful and an unsuccessful SC dyadic collaboration. The interviews were analyzed to better understand the knowledge-based antecedents of buyer–supplier collaboration.

Findings

This study suggests that dyadic collaboration and subsequent outcomes are improved by successful knowledge transfer. Additionally, knowledge transfer requires both distributive and absorptive capacities in each participant. The research also uncovered new evidence to support the need for a collaborative orientation to support successful knowledge transfer.

Research limitations/implications

The interviews conducted using the CIT provided a wealth of information and executive experiences in SC collaboration. However, the interviews only provide a single perspective of collaborative engagements. Multiple perspectives of each collaboration would add value to this research.

Originality/value

SC collaboration and knowledge transfer have been well studied across disciplines. This research introduces new knowledge-related variables that can contribute to successful collaboration: distributive capability and SC collaborative orientation.
Leveraging supply chain orientation for global supplier responsiveness
Authors: Davis-Sramek Beth , Omar Ayman , Germain Richard
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to utilize middle-range theorizing to examine whether a US manufacturer can leverage supply chain orientation (SCO) to garner responsiveness from a global supplier. To capture the interplay of macro-level institutional environments, the authors examine the moderating effect of institutional distance on the SCO–supplier responsiveness relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary survey data collected from US manufacturers are utilized to measure SCO and supplier responsiveness. Two secondary data sets (EIU and GLOBE) capture formal and informal distance at the institutional level and are used to test the moderating effect of institutional distance.

Findings

The research finds that SCO can facilitate global supplier responsiveness. Apost hocexploratory analysis reveals a three-way interaction, where the SCO–supplier responsiveness relationship is strengthened when formal and informal institutions are either very similar or very different.

Research limitations/implications

The research offers a more nuanced understanding of manufacturer–supplier relationships in global supply chains by demonstrating how country-level (macro) characteristics can influence firm-level (micro) supply chain phenomena. It extends research on SCO by illustrating how institutional distance interacts with a manufacturer’s ability to leverage SCO to enable supplier responsiveness.

Practical implications

Manufacturers should increase their attentiveness to institutional distance. When both formal and informal distances are different (i.e. high distance), SCO can create a powerful lever to improve global supplier responsiveness. Likewise, when formal and informal institutions are similar (i.e. low distance), SCO reinforces joint efforts and collaboration to create additive benefits, whereby suppliers are incentivized to be responsive to unexpected environmental changes.

Originality/value

This research addresses the growing call for more empirical studies that examine how country-level institutions influence firm-level phenomena. It also utilizes secondary data to serve as a proxy for formal and informal institutional distance.
The microstructure and high-temperature tribology behavior of high boron HSS under different heat treatments
Authors: Yuan Zhentao , Jiang Yehua , Li Lu , Li Zulai
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the microstructure and the high-temperature tribology behavior of a high-speed steel (HSS) roller material with boron as the main alloy element under different heat treatments, aiming to provide some theoretical references for its engineering application.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples of high boron HSS were quenched at 900°C, 1,000°C, 1,050°C and 1,150°C. The microstructure, composition and phase composition of this new HSS were analyzed by OM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer. The surface hardness and the tribology behavior under high temperature were measured by Rockwell hardness tester and the high-temperature friction and wear tester. The wear morphology was observed by SEM.

Findings

The high-temperature friction coefficient and the relative wear rate of the high boron HSS decrease first, then increase with the rise of the quenching temperature. When the quenching temperature is 1,050°C, both the friction coefficient (0.425) and the relative wear rate (79 per cent) are the smallest. Under the high-temperature friction environment, the high boron HSS mainly includes oxidation wear, adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The effect of abrasive wear is weakened gradually with the rise of the quenching temperature, and the high-temperature wear resistance is improved significantly. Compared with the traditional roll materials, the service life of the new high boron HSS is greatly improved. It is an ideal substitute product for the high chromium cast iron roll.

Originality/value

The boron element replaces other precious metals in high boron HSS, which has the advantage of low production cost, and it has a wide application in the field of roll materials. In this paper, the microstructure, the transformation of hard phases and the high-temperature tribology behavior of this new high boron HSS under different heat treatments were studied, aiming to provide some theoretical references for its engineering application.
A numerical analysis and experimental investigation of three oil grooves sleeve bearing performance
Authors: Wang Lili , Zeng Qingliang , Lu Changhou , Liang Peng
Published: December 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to reveal the cavitation characteristics of three oil wedges sleeve bearing and set the theoretical and experimental basis for defining the oil film boundary condition.

Design/methodology/approach

Computational fluid dynamics model of three oil wedges sleeve bearings based on the Navier–Stokes equation is set using Fluent considering turbulent situation and two-phase flow theory. The cavitation characteristics of bearing is investigated by taking pictures of experiment.

Findings

The rupture region of oil film and the contours of air volume fraction increase distinctly with the increase of rotating speed and the decrease of input pressure. The critical rotating speed of cavitation occurrence and oil film pressure increases with the increase of input pressure. The change trend of experiment cavitation with the rotating speed and input pressure is consistent with theoretical cavitation in general.

Originality/value

The finite element model of three oil wedges sleeve bearings is established based on the Navier-Stokes calculation equation of the fluid, two-phase flow theory and turbulent model. Sleeve bearing is transparent, the pictures of cavitation can be easily taken by high-speed camera, the cavitation characteristics of bearing is studied by experiment. The cavitation performance of three oil wedges bearings is studied with the change of input pressure and rotating speed, the change trend is basically consistent for theory and experiment. The study on critical rotating speed of cavitation occurrence is benefit for defining the oil film boundary condition.
Malicious web domain identification using online credibility and performance data by considering the class imbalance issue
Authors: Hu Zhongyi , Chiong Raymond , Pranata Ilung , Bao Yukun , Lin Yuqing
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Malicious web domain identification is of significant importance to the security protection of internet users. With online credibility and performance data, the purpose of this paper to investigate the use of machine learning techniques for malicious web domain identification by considering the class imbalance issue (i.e. there are more benign web domains than malicious ones).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose an integrated resampling approach to handle class imbalance by combining the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO), a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm. The authors use the SMOTE for oversampling and PSO for undersampling.

Findings

By applying eight well-known machine learning classifiers, the proposed integrated resampling approach is comprehensively examined using several imbalanced web domain data sets with different imbalance ratios. Compared to five other well-known resampling approaches, experimental results confirm that the proposed approach is highly effective.

Practical implications

This study not only inspires the practical use of online credibility and performance data for identifying malicious web domains but also provides an effective resampling approach for handling the class imbalance issue in the area of malicious web domain identification.

Originality/value

Online credibility and performance data are applied to build malicious web domain identification models using machine learning techniques. An integrated resampling approach is proposed to address the class imbalance issue. The performance of the proposed approach is confirmed based on real-world data sets with different imbalance ratios.
The involvement paradox
Authors: Hou Avus C.Y. , Shiau Wen-Lung , Shang Rong-An
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Can mobile instant messaging (MIM) make people entering into the state of cognitive absorption (CA)? The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether CA can help explain users’ satisfaction during the process of MIM, while interactivity and interest are operated as determinants of CA as well as directly associated with satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a satisfaction model that is adapted from the CA theory to investigate MIMs users’ satisfaction with two determinants, interactivity and interest. Specifically, CA is operated as a second-order formative construct with four reflective dimensions, including curiosity, focused immersion, heightened enjoyment and temporal dissociation. Partial least square structural equation modeling was applied to evaluate the causal links of the model with the data collected from 472 LINE users who all had long using experience.

Findings

The results showed that CA in MIM, fueled by interactivity and interest, is positively related to satisfaction. Interactivity and interest themselves were also significantly associated with satisfaction. Among them, interactivity has the most influence on satisfaction, followed by interest and CA. Surprised, curiosity and focused immersion did not formative CA in MIM.

Research limitations/implications

The present study focuses on user satisfaction of a specific MIM (LINE) and collects data from users within a specific region (Taiwan). Other researchers must take these constrains into consideration when referencing this study.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which confirmed that people still enter into the state of CA when using MIM on smartphone, even though the using environment is drastically different from that on desktop. It indicates that prior theories in CA with desktop-based software are still applicable and serve as a basis for more studies in the mobile context to a certain extent, but other factors should also be considered. As interactivity and interest are conducive to CA, leading to user satisfaction, an MIM app can be more popular if the two factors are incorporated.
Social innovation and the promotion of local economic development
Authors: Souza Ana Clara Aparecida Alves de , Lessa Bruno de Souza , Lázaro da Silva Filho José Carlos
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a multidimensional view of social innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

It offers a detailed analysis of the activities performed by ADEL (Agência de Desenvolvimento Econômico Local) – a regional non-governmental organization located in one of the poorest regions of Brazil – which is succeeding in engaging young people in the promotion of local development. The case was analysed drawing on the dimensions structured by researchers of one of the main centres of social innovation in the world, the Centre de Recherche sur Les Innovations Sociales (CRISES) based in Canada.

Findings

The results found characterize ADEL as a social innovation based on the dimensions of social innovation described in the CRISES’ conceptual encyclopaedia (Tardif and Harrison, 2005). The results highlight the singularities of the case studied, which allowed the elaboration of a revisited table of dimensions proposed by the CRISES’ researchers.

Research limitations/implications

For future studies, using the CRISES’ table as reference of analysis for other social innovations, the possibility suggested is the quantitative exploration of these dimensions.

Originality/value

The originality of this article lies in the fact that it presents a representative social innovation for the Brazilian semiarid.
The influence of researcher competence on university-industry collaboration
Authors: Ting Sew Huey , Yahya Sofri , Tan Cheng Ling
Published: December 2018

Purpose

This study aims to discover the influence of researcher competence on University-Industry collaboration via researcher’s domain knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data were collected via survey questionnaire by using purposive sampling technique from a total of 121 academicians from all five research universities in Malaysia. PLS-SEM is used to examine multiple structural relationships between the researcher competence, domain knowledge transfers and spillovers and university-industry collaboration.

Findings

Researcher’s competence serves as a success booster to initiate the collaborative endeavour, and the University-Industry collaboration is found to be substantially influenced by the domain knowledge transfers and spillovers.

Research limitations/implications

The size of the sample in this study was however constrained by the characteristics and background of the targeted pool of respondents to be generalised to the population of all universities in Malaysia.

Practical implications

Researcher competence is found to be significant drive to the University-Industry collaboration formation through the development and deployment of domain knowledge transfers and spillovers. Thus, it requires the desire and need for continuous competence development for researchers, and a step change is called for individual principal investigators about extending their leadership across the field of studies and appearing as critical business partners in the University-Industry collaboration.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature by empirically investigating the influence of researcher competence on the University-Industry collaboration via researcher’s domain knowledge. It attempts to show the researcher’s ability to leverage their competencies in increasing the collaborative endeavour in making out business opportunities, which will eventually influence the public university’s sustainability development. In addition, it proves the importance of researcher’s competence and domain knowledge within the entrepreneurial activities, which serves as the significant drivers to ensure successful University-Industry collaboration.
The emergence of professional learning networks in Spain
Authors: Azorín Cecilia
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to construct a policy map of professional learning networks (PLNs) in Spain. It includes initiatives prompted in Spanish schools in which social, political, cultural and educational elements are integrated. At the same time, it analyses which organization promotes each of the networks, the objectives pursued and the scope of the network in the territory in which it is created.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology followed is essentially descriptive and incorporates the first experiences with school networks which have been disseminated in the Spanish literature. It stimulates reflection on the role networks are expected to play in relation to local developments in this specific school system.

Findings

The cases described (Castellon, Catalonia, Malaga and Seville) suggest a way forward for practitioners to advance toward an educational paradigm based on greater collaboration. This includes a partnership approach among professionals within and across classrooms, schools, communities, districts and education systems. In particular, the results place the focus of the network on the prevalence of the following school classification, included schools (community networks linking to the territory), extended schools (socio-educational networks), equity schools (equity fostering networks) and partnership schools (school-to-school support networks), whose objectives and scopes are reviewed.

Research limitations/implications

With the Spanish context in mind, it is essential to recognize that more empirical evidence is still needed to make a significant contribution toward building knowledge in this research line. Indeed, sustainability seems to be an important point to consider in a short-term world where quick-fix solutions are required. However, PLNs need time to know how beneficial they really are, for example, in terms of student outcomes and school improvement.

Practical implications

The argument developed assumes networks as a mirror wherein the present and future of education takes place. In this sense, the scientific and educational communities have both a challenge and an opportunity to rethink the potential of networking and collaboration in education. The article tries to be attractive to a specialized reader or one simply interested in the problem of networks in education and the reality of PLNs in Spain.

Social implications

The network society demands a network school environment where communities are part of a local character strategy.

Originality/value

This document offers an interesting view on networks that not only focus on education but on social and welfare issues and it aims to target education from a broader perspective; so resulting in opening schools to the community, which is not a widely covered topic in education research. In summary, the paper can be considered as a pioneer study in the Spanish context, which contains valuable information about PLNs, their origin and current status in this part of the world.
Becoming a teacher leader: building social capital through gradual release
Authors: Osmond-Johnson Pamela
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of a mentored model of gradual release to build social capital and support teachers as they adopt new identities as leaders of professional learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the paper were collected as part of a case study which explored the Provincial Facilitator Community (PFC) in Saskatchewan, Canada as one approach to creating a collaborative culture of teacher-led learning and leadership.

Findings

The findings suggest that becoming a leader of professional learning is a complex process of gaining confidence, building capacity and transitioning into a new professional identity. In the PFC, this process was markedly supported through a structured and intentional system of modeling and peer-mentorship that promoted the development of social capital across the group.

Originality/value

The paper provides new insights around the use of a mentored model of gradual release to create opportunities to develop social capital that, in turn, helped prepare and sustain teachers in adopting new roles as leaders of professional learning.
Teacher leadership: toward a new conceptual framework
Authors: Berg Jill Harrison , Zoellick Bill
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Conceptual ambiguity about the term “teacher leadership” has retarded development of useful research on this topic. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework that researchers might utilize to clarify key assumptions embedded in their use of the term “teacher leadership,” enabling members of this research community to better understand and build upon each other’s work and to develop a knowledge base on teacher leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

In 2016 a community of researchers convened in a conversation about their varied conceptions of teacher leadership. The authors analyzed documentation from this convening to identify key ways in which members’ conceptions of teacher leadership diverged. They then drew upon the teacher–leader research literature and their own experiences with teacher–leader initiatives to propose a conceptual framework that would support researchers to define teacher leadership in ways that meet established criteria for an empirically-useful concept.

Findings

Four dimensions of teacher leadership that should be referenced in an empirically-useful definition of teacher leadership are: legitimacy, support, objective and method. It is hypothesized that clarifying one’s assumptions about each of these dimensions and providing descriptive evidence of how they are instantiated will address the conceptual ambiguity that currently stymies the accumulation of knowledge in this field.

Originality/value

This paper presents a framework that can provide a strong foundation for the development of a knowledge base on teacher leadership, which is needed to inform education leaders’ efforts to maximize teachers’ leadership influence as asset for improving teaching, learning and schools.
Barbara Kellerman: There’s a better way to train leaders
Authors: Allio Robert J.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Harvard authority on leadership, Barbara Kellerman, indicts the deficiencies of the leadership industry and she argues that we can do better.

Design/methodology/approach

This interview offers a bold prescription for training effective leaders[4].

Findings

To be effective, the leadership development process must adopt and achieve three goals: educate leaders, train leaders and develop leaders.

Practical implications

Bad leadership puts on vivid display the unbreakable link between leaders and followers – a link that the leadership industry willfully ignores precisely because there’s no money in it.

Social implications

There is precious little evidence that the leadership industry has in any meaningful, measurable way benefited society.

Originality/value

A “no holds barred” look at the leadership training industry and some potent suggestions on how to improve it.
Habermas, interests and organizational learning: a critical perspective
Authors: Field Laurie
Published: December 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to use critical theorist Jürgen Habermas’s conceptualization of the relationship between knowledge and interests to better understand the role of common and competing interests during organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on critical accounts of work and learning, and on Habermas’s theoretical work on knowledge and interests, to examine the relationship between interests and organizational learning and, in particular, to consider conflict of interest’s role in organizational learning.

Findings

Transposed to organizational level, Habermas’s conceptualization of the relationship between knowledge and interests suggests that organizational learning can result from a technical interest, shaped by money and power, and from tensions and incompatibilities between the system’s technical interest and the lifeworld’s practical and emancipatory interests. There is ample evidence that the first combination does indeed account for a great deal of organizational learning but to date, very little scholarly attention has considered the possibility of organizational learning resulting from the second combination.

Originality/value

Despite interests and interest differences being visible in a number of studies of learning by individuals at work, the relationship between interests and learning at the organizational level is not well understood. This paper is a contribution to this area, using Habermas’s conceptualization of knowledge and interests to better understand the role of interests during organizational learning, raising the possibility that competing interests can result in organizational learning, and suggesting areas for further research.
Sex ratio bias and shared paternity reduce individual fitness and population viability in a critically endangered parrot
Authors: Heinsohn Robert , Olah George , Webb Matthew , Peakall Rod , Stojanovic Dejan
Published: December 2018

Sex‐biased mortality can lead to altered adult sex ratios (ASRs), which may in turn lead to harassment and lower fitness of the rarer sex and changes in the mating system. Female critically endangered swift parrots (Lathamus discolor) suffer high predation while nesting due to an introduced mammalian predator, the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps). High predation on females is causing severe population decline alongside strongly biased adult sex ratios (≥73% male).

Our 6‐year study showed that 50.5% of critically endangered swift parrot nests had shared paternity although the birds remained socially monogamous. Shared paternity increased significantly with the local rate of predation on breeding females, suggesting that rates of shared paternity increased when theASRbecame more biased.

Nests that were not predated produced fewer fledglings as the localASRbecame more male‐biased possibly due to higher interference during nesting from unpaired males.

Population viability analyses showed that part of the predicted decline in the swift parrot population is due to reduced reproductive success when paternity is shared. The models predicted that the population would decline by 89.4% over three generations if the birds maintained the lowest observed rate of shared paternity. This compares with predicted population reductions of 92.1–94.9% under higher rates of shared paternity.

We conclude that biases in theASR, in this case caused by sex‐specific predation from an introduced predator, can lead to changes in the mating system and negative impacts on both individual fitness and long‐term population viability.
Childhood health and education outcomes following early term induction for large‐for‐gestational age: A population‐based record linkage study
Authors: Ibiebele Ibinabo , Bowen Jennifer R. , Nippita Tanya A. , Morris Jonathan M. , Ford Jane B.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

There is debate about optimal management of pregnancies with a large‐for‐gestational age baby. A recent randomized controlled trial reported that early term induction of labor reduced cesarean section rates and infant morbidity. However, long term childhood outcomes have not been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess maternal, neonatal and child health and education outcomes for large‐for‐gestational age babies induced at 37‐38 weeks’ gestation.

Material and methods

Population‐based record linkage study of term (37+ weeks), cephalic‐presenting singleton pregnancies with a large‐for‐gestational age baby in New South Wales, Australia, 2002‐2006. Linked birth, hospital, mortality and education data were used with at least 9 years follow up from birth. Exposure was induction of labor at 37‐38 weeks, compared to expectant management (spontaneous birth at ≥37 weeks and planned births at ≥39 weeks). Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Modified Poisson regression with robust variance.

Results

Among 10 174 eligible pregnancies, 412 (4.0%) had an induction at 37‐38 weeks. Women in the induction group were less likely to have a cesarean section (RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51‐0.82). Infants had higher rates of: low Apgar scores, birth trauma, neonatal jaundice and phototherapy use, and admission to special care nursery or neonatal intensive care than their expectantly managed counterparts. As children, they had higher rates of hospital admission (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.30) and special needs (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.12‐3.50). However, by age 8 there was no difference in overall literacy and numeracy achievement.

Conclusions

Although women who had an early term labor induction with large‐for‐gestational age were less likely to have a cesarean section, the increased risk of neonatal morbidities and additional healthcare utilization suggests the need for caution in early induction of large‐for‐gestational age babies before 39 weeks’ gestation.
The impact of spot size, spacing, pattern, duration and intensity of burns on the photocoagulation index in a geometric simulation of pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation
Authors: Nishida Kentaro , Miura Ken , Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Kamei Motohiro , Wakabayashi Taku , Hara Chikako , Sakimoto Susumu , Fukushima Yoko , Sayanagi Kaori , Sato Shigeru , Fukuda Masakatsu , Nishida Kohji
Published: December 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of spot size, spacing, pattern, duration and intensity of burns on the photocoagulation index, using a geometric simulation of pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation.

Methods

Simulations of full‐scattered pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation were performed on a retinal map, using a geometry‐based method. Simulations consisted of 300‐, 400‐ or 500‐μm diameter equidistant spots on the retina with 1.0‐spot width spacing, as well as 400‐μm diameter spots on the retina in an equidistant pattern or grid pattern, with 1.0‐, 0.75‐, 0.50‐, 0.25‐ or 0‐spot width spacing. For each simulation, we calculated the ratio of the total photocoagulated retinal area to the whole retina, termed the photocoagulation index. We recalculated the photocoagulation indexes using the expansion ratios of photocoagulated lesions by different duration and intensity of burns from a previous study.

Results

The photocoagulation indexes of the simulated pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation with 300‐, 400‐ and 500‐μm diameter spots were 20.8%, 20.6% and 21.0%, respectively. The photocoagulation indexes of the 1.0‐, 0.75‐, 0.50‐, 0.25‐ and 0‐spot width spacing configurations of pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation burns for the equidistant pattern were 20.6%, 27.1%, 36.7%, 53.2% and 83.1%, respectively, and those for the grid pattern were 17.9%, 23.5%, 31.8%, 46.1% and 72.0%, respectively. The photocoagulation indexes obtained with the equidistant and grid patterns changed (range, 1.7–84.7% and 1.5–73.4%, respectively) when the duration or burn intensity of the pan‐retinal photocoagulation was changed.

Conclusion

This geometric simulation method could evaluate the impact of a range of conditions on the photocoagulation index.
Addressing the challenge for expedient ethical review of research in disasters and disease outbreaks
Authors: Aarons Derrick
Published: December 2018

Guideline 20 of the updated International Ethics Guidelines for Health‐related Research Involving Humans (2016) by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) provides guidance on research in disasters and disease outbreaks against the background of the need to generate knowledge quickly, overcome practical impediments to implementing such research, and the need to maintain public trust. The guideline recommends that research ethics committees could pre‐screen study protocols to expedite ethical reviews in a situation of crisis, that pre‐arrangements be made regarding data sharing and biomedical sample sharing, and that sponsors and research ethics committees seek to minimize risk to researchers conducting research during a disaster.

This paper critiques these recommendations against the background of the findings of a survey of public health officials and chairs of research ethics committees in the Caribbean during 2016, which sought to determine the best template for the expeditious ethical review of research proposals in emergency and epidemic situations in the Caribbean, and whose findings can serve as a model for other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Discourse and representation: A comment on Batel and Castro ‘Re‐opening the dialogue between the theory of social representations and discursive psychology’
Authors: Jovchelovitch Sandra
Published: December 2018

Batel and Castro propose to integrate conceptually and empirically the theory of social representations (TSR) and discursive psychology (DP). This comment emphasizes the importance of debates between different traditions of social psychology, focusing on the status of psychological entities and methodological pluralism as two areas in which fruitful tensions between DP and TSR are still evident. It critiques DP's disavowal of psychological entities and reaffirms the insights of sociocultural traditions that see intrapsychological phenomena as internalized sociality. It argues that rather than considering individual methods, the focus should be on the fit between research questions, context, and methodology. A simultaneous focus on theory, research questions, and analytical tools is best for dealing with the limitations as well as potentials of the methodological toolkit available for the study of meaning in context.
A genome‐wide association study identifies new genes associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Yan Wenjin , Hao Zheng , Tang Shuyan , Dai Jin , Zheng Liming , Yu Pengjun , Yan Wenqiang , Han Xiao , Xu Xingquan , Shi Dongquan , Ikegawa Shiro , Teng Huajian , Jiang Qing
Published: December 2018

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common congenital malformations and covers a spectrum of hip disorders from mild dysplasia to irreducible dislocation. The pathological mechanisms of DDH are poorly understood, which hampers the development of diagnostic tools and treatments. To gain insight into its disease mechanism, we explored the potential biological processes that underlie DDH by integrating pathway analysis tools and performing a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). A total of 406 DDH‐associated genes (P < 0.001) were identified by our GWAS using a Chinese Han cohort consisting of 386 DDH cases and 500 healthy controls (Set A). We verified the significant loci (P < 10−5) in another Chinese Han cohort consisting of 574 DDH patients and 569 healthy controls (Set B). An intronic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (rs61930502) showed significant association in Set A and Set B (P = 2.65 × 10−7 and 2.0 × 10−4, respectively). The minor allele, rs61930502‐A, which tended to prevent DDH showed a dominant effect. Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8) showed the most direct interactions with other proteins which were coded by DDH‐associated genes in the protein‐protein interaction analysis. Interestingly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis suggested a relation between DDH and the genes involved in type II diabetes mellitus pathway (P = 0.0067). Our genetic and protein interaction evidence could open avenues for future studies of DDH.