bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Treatments for Thrips Control on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 13 at the West Tenn. Exp. Sta., Jackson, TN. Soil type was Grenada silt loam with low soil moisture. Two-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All seed planted was commercially treated with 2 fungicides. The seed treatment was prepared in the laboratory by adding the insecticide to the double-treated seed. The hopper box treatment was made in the field by adding Orthene 75S to the double-treated seed. Ten pounds of Terraclor SuperX per acre was applied in the covering soil except in the Temik-TSX and TF treatments.
Tarnished Plant Bug Control on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Muehleisen D. P. , Gaylor M. J.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 cotton was planted Apr 17 at the Tennessee Valley Substation of Auburn University at Belle Mina, AL. Plots were ca 1 acre arranged in a randomized complete block design rep)icated 4 times. Insecticides were applied Jul 14 with a high clearance sprayer delivering 10 gpa, at 40 psi with 3 nozzles/row. Plant bugs were counted using the “shake cloth” method, sampling 6 row-ft at 2 or 3 sites in the center of each plot. Plant bug populations were evaluated 4 days prior to treatment and 2, 8 and 14 days post-treatment.
Carmine Spider Mite Control on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Seventeen treatments were evaluated for the control of the carmine spider mite on cotton. The treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer with a boom equipped with three 8001 flat nozzles. All sprays were applied on Sep 18 at 40 gpa and 40 psi. Each plot measured 20 ft of row with 4 replicates per treatment. Leaves were picked from the upper portion of the cotton plants and counts made in the laboratory with the aid of a stereozoom microscope. There were 53.9 mites/leaf Sep 18 (pre-treatment count).
Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F.
Published: March 2022

Acaracides were applied to Acala SJ-2 cotton planted Apr 5 near Five Points, CA in rows spaced at 40 inches. Individual plots were 8 rows wide and 100 ft long. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design and applied Jul 14. On Aug 28 Mitac was reapplied to the 0.25 + 0.25 lb ai/acre treatment. Applications were made by high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms using 5 solid cone nozzles per row delivering 47 gal/acre at 40 psi. Mainstem leaves (fifth unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 4 post-treatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of all active stages of the Tetranychid complex; only adult female counts are reported as they represent a consistent proportion of the total population. Mite counts were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting the 4 center rows of each plot on Oct 9.
Fescue, Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1981
Authors: Brandenburg R. L.
Published: March 2022

An 11 acre fescue pasture was used as a test area to evaluate compounds for control of adult grasshoppers on Aug 12. One-quarter acre plots were treated with 12 gpa of finished spray material. Grasshoppers were ca 15% adult differential grasshoppers, 65% adult redlegged grasshoppers, and 20% other grasshopper species. Materials were applied with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS-4 nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a PTO roller pump at 40 psi. Air temperature at time of application was 84°F and fescue was 10 inches tall. Efficacy evaluation was made by sub-sampling plots with 10 sweeps per plot 24 hr after treatment. Each sweep of a 15 inch net was 180 while walking briskly forward. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Means presented in the table are of actual counts. The data were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis.
Efficacy of Granular Insecticides Applied in Paddy Water on Yellow Stem Borer Control in Rice at Tillering Stage, 1980
Authors: Chelliah S.
Published: March 2022

This field experiment was conducted with 8 tretments in 3 replications in randomized block design at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural Urivesity, Coimbatore, India. Six granular insecticides were tested in field plots of 20 m2 each. Maximum protection plots were planted with seedlings given seedling root dip treatment with chlorpyriphos 0.02% for 12 hr and the remainder of the plots were planted with seedlings not given root dip treatment. Test granules were applied at 1.5 kg ai/ha and quinalphos at 1.0 kg ai/ha at 19 days after planting (DAT). Stem borer infestation was recorded as number of tillers showing “deadhearts” in 10 hills selected at random in each plot 30 DAT and % deadhearts worked out.
Effects of Temik and Di-Syst0N on Early Season Control of Soybean Arthropods, 1981
Authors: Ferguson Holly J. , McPherson Robert M.
Published: March 2022

Temik 15G and Di-Syston 15G were each applied in the furrow, after the planter and before the press wheel, at a rate of 1.0 lb ai/acre, to determine their effects on pest and beneficial arthropods associated with soybean. Insecticides were applied at planting on Jun 5, in ‘Bay’ soybean grown on the Sabine Hall Farm in Richmond Co., VA. A randomized block experimental design was used with 10 replications. Individual plots were 4 rows the length of the field (about 500 ft) spaced 3 ft apart. Each treatment was evaluated on Jul 7 and 20 and Aug 24, by comparing the number of green cloverworms, potato leafhoppers, nabids, geocorids, and spiders per 25 sweeps in each replicate in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Evaluation of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J. , Wells Paul , Dively Galen , Embrey Michael
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted Jun 8 with a conventional 4-row planter (John Deere Model 71) equipped with Gandy granular insecticide applicators. Except for the Furadan treatments which were applied in the furrow, all other treatments were applied in a 14 inch band over the seed furrow, behind the press wheel. Two drag chains were attached behind the press wheel of each planter. Plots consisted of 8 rows (4 rows of treated soybeans buffered on either side by a single row of untreated soybeans and a single row of untreated Earilwax wax bean), 80 ft long with 30 inches between rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The center 4 rows of York soybeans served as the record rows. Soil was classified as a ‘Bertie’ silt loam and the soil temp at the time of planting was 70°F at the 6 inch depth. Twenty 1st to 2nd instar si Iverspotted skipper larvae with’ accompanying nest were artificially introduced into the plots by pinning them to 20 separate plants in each plot on Jun 23. The number of surviving siIverspotted skipper larvae was recorded 3 days later (June 26). Natural populations of Mexican bean beetle and Japanese beetle were monitored throughout the season. At late pod-fil, 20 plants were selected at random following an “x” pattern in each plot. Each plant was rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from 2 rows, 16 ft long, in the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture and reported in bu/acre.
Stink Bug and Bean Leaf Beetle Control on Soybean, 1981
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , McPherson Laura D.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated to determine their effects on stink bugs (brown stink bug and green stink bug), bean leaf beetles and predatory arthropods. Insecticides were applied on Aug 11 on ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the F. F. Chandler and Lee Sisson Farms in Westmoreland Co. near Montross, VA. Individual plots were either 4 rows 100 ft long and spaced 3 ft apart (small field plots) or 14 rows the length of the field spaced 3 ft apart (hi-cycle test plots). A randomized block experimental design with 3 replications was utilized for both the small plot and large field plot tests. In the small plot experiment, each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2-powered back-pack sprayer at 40 psi that delivered 28.5 gal of finished formulation per acre. The hi-cycle test was applied with a John Deere 6,000 hi-cycle tractor at 50 psi that delivered 20 gal per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 3-, 7- and 14-days after application by comparing the number of stink bugs, bean leaf beetles, and predators per 25 sweeps (15 inch dia net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Test of Pyrethroid Insecticides for Repellancy to Honeybees Foraging on Sunflowers, 1981
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Schmidt Robert S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

A border row of a flowering sunflower field was divided into single row 20 ft plots at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Ten plants in full flower in each plot were marked and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plots were sprayed in early morning of Aug 8 using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre. Spray applications were directed at the flowering heads. After honeybees were first noticed foraging, surveys of the plots were made at 4 periods in both the morning and afternoon. Numbers of honeybees actively foraging in marked sunflower heads were recorded.
Control of Army Cutworms in Winter Wheat, 1981
Authors: Morrill Wendell L.
Published: March 2022

Thousands of acres of winter wheat in Montana were infested by army cutworms in the spring. Unregistered materials were tested for cutworm control. Treatments were made with a CO2 pressurized backpack boom sprayer delivering 13 gal/acre or with a hand operated Seymour #75 Bait Applicator (Seymour Mfg., Seymour, IN). Material efficacy was evaluated by counting larvae on the soil in four 18 inch (45.7 cm) sections of row within each plot. Row spacing was 12 inches. Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Treatments of trial 1 were applied Mar 16. Wheat was ca 3 inches high. Plot size was 30 ft X 60 ft. Ratings were made on April 11. Precipitation included snow and rain. Larvae were 3/8 - 1/2 inch long. Treatments of trial 2 were applied Apr 10. Wheat was ca 12 inches high. Plot size was 12 X 16 ft. Ratings were made on Apr 17. Larvae were nearly full-grown; 1 pupa was found. Larval lengths were ca 1 inch.
Toxicities of Insecticides Ingested by Western Spruce Budworm, 1980
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline
Published: March 2022

Bioassays to determine the toxicities of 4 Insecticides Ingested by last stage western spruce budworm were conducted. Insects were selected at random from the 84th to 90th generations of non-diapausing laboratory colony. Eight concentrations serially diluted from a freshly formulated concentrate were used in each of 3 replications for each experiment. All insecticides were formulated in distilled water on the basis of weight/volume concentrations of the active ingredient. Two hundred ul of each solution were added to 10 cc of molten artificial diet and the diet was stirred thoroughly. When solidified, each diet aliquot was fed to 10 larvae. Mortality was tallied after 10 days.
Simulated Aerial Test on Western Spruce Budworm, 1981
Authors: Richmond Charles E.
Published: March 2022

Fenitrothion was sprayed at 2 concentrations on 4th and 5th stage spruce budworm larvae on individual, small, Douglas-fir, in western Montana, Jul 1-8. The concentrations were: 18 oz ai/gal and 9.15 oz ai/gal. Application was with a simulated aerial sprayer which was constructed to produce insecticide spray patterns which have the same characteristics as typical aircraft sprays. Forty-five trees were used in the test, 15 trees for each dosage and 15 controls. The mean volume of spray for each concentration was 2 cc per tree. This was calculated to be approximately equivalent to 0.4 gal/acre delivered to the ground. Percent mortality was calculated by assessing the difference in larvae/100 buds between pre-treatment and 10 days post-treatment. Pre-treatment population densities were determined by sampling the larvae/100 buds from randomly selected 15 inch branches from the midcrown of the same tree 10 days after treatment. Four Kromekote spray cards were positioned next to each tree just prior to spraying, to determine both droplet size and droplet density.
Scots Pine, Pine Needle Scale Control, Carroll Co., Oh, 1981
Authors: Nielsen David G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Pinus sylvestris (2-2.5 m high) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating toxicity of candidate insecticides against crawlers. Infested trees were sprayed May 15, using a KWH mistblower operating at maximum rpm’s deliver ca 946 ml of finished spray to each of 4, single tree replicates per treatment. Ambient temperature was 15-16°C with overcast skies and moderate breeze (7-15 kph). Tagging and spraying trees required 5 man-hours. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated May 27-28 by collecting infested needle fascicles, placing them in coin envelopes, and transporting foliage in an airconditioned vehicle to the laboratory. A dissecting microscope was used to determine viability of the first 100 settled nymphs observed. Counts were always made from at least 3 fascicles.
Two-Banded Japanese Weevil Control on Azalea, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Hendricks M. D.
Published: March 2022

On Aug 18 container grown azaleas ‘Hino Crimson’ were transported to a site of heavy weevil populations near Franklin, Virginia and treated with 4 insecticides. Insecticides were applied to the foliage using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. Leaves were examined on Sep 4 for damage from adult feeding. Temperature was 72°F at time of treatment. Rainfall from Aug 18 to Sep 4 was 4.54 inches, and fell from Aug 19 to 23. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Black Turfgrass Ataenius in Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J.
Published: March 2022

Nine formulations were applied to a golf course fairway in Lexington, MA on Jun 1. All materials were pre-measured in the laboratory. Granular materials were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar. Liquid materials were applied with 3 gal water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. Each plot was 3.05 m square, each material was replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Ca 1.5 cm water (pH 6.7) was applied immediately after insecticides were applied. Five 10.8 cm diam plugs, ca 7.6 cm deep, were collected on Jul 27 from each plot and hand inspected in the laboratory to determine the distribution of all stges of black turfgrass ataenius.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Potted Chrysanthemums, Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticides were tested for control of greenhouse whiteflies. Each material was applied with a 1 liter hand-sprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces of the plants. Four 15 cm pots, each containing chrysanthemums, were treated with each material and placed at random on a greenhouse bench. Applications were made at weekly (Enstar, methoprene) or bi-wekly (all others) intervals beginning Jun 12 and ending Jul 15. Buds had begun to form at the beginning of the test period, and began to break around Jul 20. Plants were evaluated at least twice a week through Jul 28 for relative severity of whitefly infestation and phytotoxic effects of the chemicals used.
Field Evaluation of Adult Japanese Beetle Control, 1981
Authors: Caldwell Douglas L.
Published: March 2022

This study was designed to evaluate 3 insecticides in combination with 2 types of extenders for control of adult Japanese beetles. Each insecticide was used in combination with PRO-TEC UVF, an acrylic-resin type extender which is reported to inhibit degradation by ultraviolet radiation, and Exhalt 800, a pinolene-derWed extender. Treatments were assigned around the circumference of a large Crimean linden (18 inches DBH, ca 45 ft in height) as a randomized complete block with 2 replicates per treatment. Treatment subplots consisted of a section of the lower branches, 9 ft long by 6 ft high. Treatments were applied until run-off with a 2 gal hand-pump sprayer on Jul 2. Damage estimates consisted of the number of completely skeletonized leaves (averaged to acount for partially skeletonized leaves) in a subsample of 20 leaves. Three randomly selected branches (subsamples) were evaluated per replicate, for a total of 120 leaves per treatment. Ratings were made through Aug 11.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Methidathion, Virginia, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on 7 species of field-grown ornamental plants at x, 2X and 4X rates. This corresponds to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai/100 gal of Supracide 2E. Treatments were applied Aug 4 using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off. Evaluation for possible injury was conducted on Aug 11 and 18. Temperature at the time of treatment was 71°F. Rainfall from Aug 4 to 18 was 1.92 inches, no phytotoxicity was observed on any of the 7 species tested in this study.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Permethrin, Virginia, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on 11 species of ornamental plants at X, 2X and 4X rates. This corresponds to 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 lb ai/100 gal of Pounce 3.2EC. Treatments were applied Aug 4 using a 1 gal B S G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off. Evaluation for possible injury was conducted on Aug 11 and 18. Temperature at the time of treatment was 71°F. Rainfall from Aug 4 to 18 was 1.92 inches. No phytotoxicity was observed on any of the 11 species tested in this study.
Phytotoxicity Tests on Greenhouse Geraniums, Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A.
Published: March 2022

Four varieties of geranium were treated twice, Jul 13 and Jul 27. All plants were in 10 cm pots and were blossoming at the time of treatment. Observations on phytotoxicity were made 3 and 7 days after each of the 2 treatments. Seven insecticides were applied, each to 2 plants of each of 4 varieties, at excessive rates to screen for phytotoxicity. Five materials were ECs which were applied to run-off with a 1 liter hand pump sprayer: Enstar 5E at 0.25 lb/100 gal (4X rate), SBP-1382 2E at 0.2 lb ai/100 gal (2X rate), methoxychlor 2E at 0.4 lb ai/100 gal (2X rate), Orthene 75SP at 1.0 lb/100 gal (2X rate), and MetaSystox-R 2E at 0.5 lb ai/100 gal (2X rate). Dexol Systemic (Di-Syston 2G) was applied as granules to the soil at 0.25 oz/4 inch pot (2X rate). Dexol Whitefly and Mealybug Spray (methoprene) was applied to run-off, according to label recommendations.
Candidate Residuals for the Larger Black Flour Beetle, 1980
Authors: Peng W. K. , Dunke F. V. , Harein P. K
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted to find an effective residual adulticide and larvicide for treatment of whole grain and other stored products. Insects were reared at 28± 1°C and 65 ± 5% RH with a 16L:8D photoperiod. Each insecticide was dissolved in a 19:1 (v/v) acetone and olive oil solvent mixture and one ml of it was used to impregnate Whatman no. 1 filter paper. Treated papers were stored overnight on aluminum foil in a ventilated area before use. Exposure chambers consisted of 266 ml plastic cups with the bottom removed. In these chambers insects were exposed by placing them without food on the impregnated filter paper. After 4 hr they were transferred to 9 cm petri dishes containing cracked corn.
German Cockroach Control, 1980
Authors: Price Richard , Ree Bill , King Ed , Pinksto Ken
Published: March 2022

The control of German cockroaches using 3 different insecticide dusts was evaluated in 3 separate tests. A measured amount of dust was spread evenly on the bottom of a wide mouth 1 gal jar. Ten adult German cockroaches from a normal laboratory strain were placed in each jar. Approximately 1 tbsp of bentonite clay was applied to the sides of the jar to keep the cockroaches from escaping. In Test 1, 0.5 g of dust was applied per jar. In Tests 2 and 3, 0.25 g of dust was applied per jar. Mortality in all 3 tests was checked at 1, 3 and 6 hr intervals after the cockroaches were released into the jars. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.
Performance of Treated Surfaces Against Western Drywood Termites, 1980
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Scheffrahn Rudolf H.
Published: March 2022

The objective of these tests was to determine if various types of paints and wood preservatives would prevent drywood termite penetration or feeding on treated wood surfaces and paper. Western drywood termites, Incisitermes minor (Hagen), were removed from infested sycamore and walnut logs collected in the Riverside vicinity. Termites were maintained at 25°C and 30-50% RH in covered petri dishes containing wood chips and moistened paper toweling. Termite nymphs (ca 4-6 instar) were used in all tests. The compounds painted on wood surfaces included: white latex gloss enamel (#9006 A-1 Paint 4 Varnish Co.), clear urethane flat varnish (A-1 Paint 4 Varnish Co.), Zerolac white pigmented shellac (Zehrung Corp.), epoxy appliance white aerosol spray (#530, Zenolyte Products Co.), Stadco 97% coal tar creosote (Stay A Dry Paint Materials Co.), and oil-based white Thermo Iite high gloss enamel (#5900 A-1 Paint and Varnish Co.). Douglas-fir boards were cut into 30.5 X 10 cm sections sanded to smoothness, painted with 1 or 2 coats of each material, and allowed to dry 1 wk before exposing them to termites. Crown Contract Natural paper toweling was treated at a rate of 0.05 mg/cm with CCA type I (chromated copper arsenate, American Wood Preservers Institute), creosote, 99% pentachlorophenol (Penta), stearic acid, and 2-bromooctadecanoic acid. Compounds were evenly deposited with 2 ml of an appropriate solvent over 72 cm2 of paper. Ten termites placed in Stender dish bottoms (3.7 cm dia) were inverted onto the treated surfaces. Mortality was recorded over time and percent feeding was determined after experiment termination.
Ear Tags for Control of Horn Flies and Face Flies on Beef Cattle, 1981
Authors: Cloud J. A. , Lemke L. A. , Collison C. H. , Pitts C. W. , Wilson L. L.
Published: March 2022

Two types of cattle ear tags were evaluated for control of horn flies and face flies on beef cattle at The Pennsylvania State University Haller Farm. Six herds of mixed breeds on separate 1.5-1.8 acre pastures, each consisting of 4 cows with calves at their side were used to evaluate Ectiban (0.90 ai/tape, perraethrin) ear tapes and Ectrin (8.6% fenvalerate) insecticidal-impregnated plastic tags. Two similar herds at the same location served as controls. Test animals were tagged in both ears on June 3. The Ectiban tapes were attached to Ritchey ear tags and Ectrin tags were attached directly to the ears. The Ectiban tapes did not adhere to the tags well and a majority were soon lost. On Jul 16 (43 days post-treatment) the remaining Ectiban tapes were removed and all Ectiban test animals received a newly designed tape: 1 tape animal. Missing Ectiban tapes were again replaced on Sep. 10 (99 days post-treatment). An assessment of treatment efficacy was made at 1 day and 5 days post-treatment and at weekly intervals for the duration of the study. Face flies were counted on the entire face while horn flies were counted on one side of the animal and doubled. Fly counts were taken between 11:00 am and 2:00 pm. Binoculars were used to aid counting when necessary.
Cattle, Pour-On Insecticide Test for Fly Control, 1981
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp S. F. W.
Published: March 2022

Two herds of replacement dairy heifers were treated with a 1% Ectiban permethrin pour-on formulation for the evaluation of face, horn, and stable fly control. Herd 1 consisted of 17 Holstein and 3 Jersey heifers ranging in weights from 400 to 525 lb. This herd had access to a barn. Herd 2 consisted of 18 Holsteins, ranging from 400 to 850 lb, maintained in a pasture without shelter. The poui-on was applied at the rate of 0.5 oz/100 lb body wt. Each animal’s head was treated with 0.75 oz of the material and the remainder was applied along the backline. The cattle were treated with 3 applications of the permethrin pour-on from Jun 11 to Sep 8. Fly counts were made prior to each treatment and at regular post-treatment days. The percent reduction of flies is based on the average number of flies found on the post-treatment dates compared to the average number of flies on the pre-treatment dates.
Cattle, Insecticide Ear Tag Tape for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control, 1981
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-five mixed beef breed cows, 5 heifers and eight 300-400 lb calves were treated for flies by attaching a “butterfly” shaped duct tape containing an ampule of 1 g technical Ectiban (permethrin) around the shank of the animal’s identification ear tag. One tape/head was attached to the ear tag of each animal on Jul 23. After attachment the ampule was broken to release the permethrin. Twelve calves under 300 lb within this herd were not treated. These cattle had been on a 1% CO2Ral dust bag treatment prior to the Ectiban tape treatment and had no horn flies when the ear tag tapes were applied. A similar herd of beef cattle within the area was used as an untreated check for evaluating the effectiveness of the tapes. Fly counts were made on the treatment date prior to treatment and at regular post-treatment intervals. Mean pre-treatment face fly counts were 25/cow and 36/calf on the treated cattle and 28 face flies/cow and 42 flies/calf on the untreated cattle. Horn fly numbers on the untreated cattle averaged 141/head during the test period.
Cattle, Two-Year Control of Horn Flies with 8% Ectrin Ear Tags, 1979-80
Authors: Knapp Fred W.
Published: March 2022

During early spring 1979, 10 head of cattle, having 2 good ear tags per head, were selected from a herd that was tagged with 2 Ectrin ear tags early in May 1978. These cattle were moved to a separate pasture area and were observed for horn flies during the summer months of 1980. Another herd of 50 cows tagged with two 8% Ectrin ear tags per head in 1979 was also observed for horn fly control during the summer of 1980.
Evaluation of Diflubenzuron as a Feed Additive for Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1982
Authors: DeVaney J. A. , Kubena L. F.
Published: March 2022

Day-old White Leghorn chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group was then placed into separate brooders and fed standard diets calculated to contain either 0 (control), 2.5, 25, or 250 ppm of difIubenzuron. Analysis of the diets for difIubenzuron were in good agreement with the calculated values. Diet compositions were changed as the chickens grew, but the levels of difIubenzuron in the diet remained the same for each group throughout the study. When the chickens were 21 wk old (Test 1), 5 hens from each treatment level were placed in a separate building and infested with northern fowl mites. Each bird was infested with 200-5000 mites that had been mechanically aspirated from a carrier chicken. At 46 wk of age, 17 or 18 hens (Test 2) and 6-14 roosters (Test 3) from each treatment level were infested with mites. Mite ratings were visually observed and recorded once each week for each bird for 7 consecutive weeks following infestation using the following rating: 0--no mites; 1-very light (1-10 mites/bird); 2-light (11-100 mites/bird); 3--moderate (101-1000 mites/bird); 4--heavy (1001-10000 mites/bird); and 5-extra heavy (10,000 mites/bird).
Control of Manure Breeding Flies in Poultry Houses with Larvadex, 1981
Authors: Smith J. A. , Collison C. H.
Published: March 2022

Three high rise poultry houses located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania were used to evaluate Larvadex, an insect growth inhibitor for the control of manure breeding muscid flies. Treatment schedules were varied in order to determine the frequency of applications needed in order to maintain control. Two different treatment applications were tested, i.e., mixed in the feed and metered through the water. Changes in house fly populations were monitored by counting the number of adult flies resting within ft marked areas on the walls and posts. As a feed-through, 1 lb of Larvadex 0.3% premix per ton of feed was tested at a high rise house at Penryn. The house was 44 x 478 ft and housed 60,000 caged layers. The house was completely cleaned out before 22-week old birds were moved in on Mar 16. Larvadex was fed from May 4-19, 24-26, Jun 19-21, Jul 16-18, Jul 24-26, Aug 14-16, 21-23, 29-31, Sep 8-10, 16-19, and 26-28. The only other fly control measures taken to reduce adult fly buildup was spraying the pit walls with Atroban 25% WP (permethrin) on Oct 3, ‘80 and baiting upstairs occasionally with Golden Malrin (Lannate). When Larvadex was metered through the water, 3 ml 5% SC per 100 gal water, it was tested in two high rise houses. The house near Colebrook was 44 x 400 ft and housed 50,000 caged layers. The house was cleaned out in Feb before the birds went out and new birds were added Feb 25. Larvadex was immediately started and used every other day until Mar 11. Then it was used on Mar 12-13, 16-30, Apr 3, 6, 13, Apr 20-May 1, May 4-5, 8-9, 12, 15, 20, Jun 1-2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-25, 30, Jul 1, 3-7, and 10-11. None was used again until Sep 1 when it was used everyday for 12 days. After that, it was metered in only 2 rows, where breeding was most evident, until Sep 20. All 5 rows received treatment on Sep 28-30. Other fly control measures taken were spraying 83.8% of the pit wall with Ectrin 15% WP (fenvalerate) on Jul 27, and the upstairs was fogged with C-EM-DIE (pyrethrin) on Aug 21. The house at Ephrata was 44 X 500 ft and housed 45,000 caged layers. The flock had been in place since Nov ‘80 and the manure was totally removed May 8th and 0.33 on Sep 24. Larvadex was used from May 13th to Jun 12, Jun 20-22, Jul 10-11, 17-18, 23-25, Jul 31-Aug 3, Aug 26-28, Sep 4-6, 11-13, 19-21, and 26-28.
Evaluation of Toxicants Against the Secondary Screwworm, 1978
Authors: Chamberlain W. F.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-five g of ground lean beef was added to 25 ml of water In a plastic cup and stirred until a uniform mix was obtained. Then 250 pi of an acetone solution of the candidate material as the technical compound was added and the mixture was stirred. The diet was then infested with 25 newly hatched larvae of the secondary screwworm, Cochliomylamacellaria (Fabricius) obtained from a laboratory colony. Tests were conducted in duplicate and the concentrations of the test materials ranged from 0.003-2.6 ppm. The control test was conducted with 250 pi of the acetone present. The diets were held at 28.32°C. On the 3rd day after infestation the cups containing the larvae and diet were tipped over sand to allow the larvae to crawl out and pupate. On the 5th day after infestation, the number of pupae were counted and the percent control calculated.
Comparison of Kelthane Formulations for Summer Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Meyer Ronald H.
Published: March 2022

The tests were conducted in the University of Illinois Plant Pathology orchard at Urbana. Treatments were applied with a handgun at 200 psi with ca 350 gpa under calm conditions. Each treatment was randomly assigned to 4 single-tree plots. In Test 1, 50 leaves per plot were picked from mature ‘Starking’ trees on Clark dwarf rootstocks; in Test 2, 100 leaf samples were taken from each mature ‘Starkrimson’ tree on Mailing 7 rootstocks. The samples were brushed and counted immediately in the field.
Imported Fire Ant Control - Individual Mount Treatement, 1981
Authors: Bass J. A. , Hays S. B.
Published: March 2022

A number of chemicals and formulations were evaluated for control of imported fire ants as individual mount treatments during the summers of 1977-78. All formulations were screened and an effective dosage rate was determined. Following dosage determination, replicated circular plots (150 ft dia) were utilized to evaluate control effectiveness. Treatment was made by direct mound drench for liquid formulations, application of granules or bait was made to the mount and adjacent area. Mound drench was accomplished by pouring 0.25 of the dilute mixture in a circle around the bae of the amound and the remainder over the top of the mound. The degree of control was determined by counting all active colonies within an inner circle (100 ft dia) within the treated area. Mortality determinations were made at 3, 7 and 30 days post-treatment. Each colony was indivudually examined and given a rating which ranged from 0 to 5 (complete kill). Test areas included soil types that ranged from deep sand to heavy clay.
Vydate L for Early Season Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Meyer Ronald H.
Published: March 2022

Vydate L was applied at Urbana in early morning calm with a handgun at 200 psi using ca 350 GPA. Weekly dates of application after full bloom (Spr 26) and temperatures for the day were as follows: May 4, min. 8.9°C, max. 25; May 12, min. 0, max. 18.3; May 27, min. 12.8, max. 21.1. Single tree plots were arranged in randomized complete blocks replicated 5 times on each of 2 cultivars. Mites were sampled by picking 100 leaves per plot, brushing and counting immediately in the field.
Acaricide Screening for Control of Psoroptic Mites, 1981
Authors: Wright F. C.
Published: March 2022

Ear canker mites, Psoroptescuniculi (Delafond), taken from the ears of domestic rabbits were used for these tests. About 20-25 mites (adults or nymphs) were put in “tea bags” (6.3 cm2) made from heat-seal able rice paper. The acaricides were tested as technical materials usually formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) containing 25% active ingredient, 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100, or as company supplied emulsifiable concentrates or wettabIe powders. Because of solubility problems, some acaricides were formulated as 10 or 20% EC’s in xylene:Triton X-100 (65:10) or in 1:1 mixtures of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and xylene:Triton X-100 (65:10). Three bags containing mites were dipped in each concentration of the acaricides for 30 sec and then allowed to dry at room temperature and ambient humidity. Mites that served as controls were dipped in dilute solvent and emulsifier at concentrations equivalent to those used in the acaricide emulsions. The bags were opened at 24 hr post-treatment, and the mites were observed with the aid of a dissecting microscope and scored as dead or alive. Mites scored as dead were immobile or had only feeble leg movement.
Area Control of the Lone Star Tick with Aircraft Applications of 14% Diazinon Granules, 1981
Authors: Mount Gary A.
Published: March 2022

Wooded plots (8.75-14.5 a) in eastern OK infested with adults and nymphs were treated on May 12 with aircraft applications of 14% diazinon granules (Diazinon 14G). Applications were made with a single engine, fixed wing aircraft (Cessna Ag Truck) equipped with a conventional, gravity-feed spreader (Transland). The spreader was calibrated in flight for a flow rate of 64 Ib/min at an aircraft speed of 110 mph which delivered target rates for swaths of 60 and 40 ft, respectively, the aircraft was flown at ca 25 ft above the trees. Each swath was marked on each end of each plot with 40 ft telescoping fiberglass poles with white flags.
Area Tick Control, 1981
Authors: Price Richard , Koch Henry , Mussett Kevin , King Ed , Pinkston Ken
Published: March 2022

The control of lone star ticks was evaluated in a recreational park outside of Wister, OK between Jun 8 and Jul 16. A 15,000 sq ft area was divided into six 2,500 sq ft plots. The plots were randomized and treatment replicated 3 times. Treatment was made with a GiImour Air-0-Matic Model 362 hose end sprayer. Treatment was made using Knox-Out mixed with 12.5 fl oz per 10 gal of water. Approximately 8 gal of finished spray was applied to each test plot. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were were 95°F and 5-8 mph. Pre- and post-treatment sampling was conducted between 2 and 3 pm using 4°CO2 traps equally spaced in each of the 2,500 sq ft plots. Dry ice was utilized as a CO2 source to attract ticks. The majority or ticks attracted to the traps were nymphs. Pre-treatment trapping showed an average of 38 lone star ticks per 2,500 sq : ft in the test area.
Evaluation of Synthetic Pyrethroids for Yellowjacket Control, 1979-80
Authors: Caron Dewey M.
Published: March 2022

Active nests of yellowjacket species in the College Park, MD area were sprayed with several formulations of Resmethrin and Permethrin to evaluate their effectiveness in control. Nests were located by searching on campus and nearby locations and from telephone calls received at the University from homeowners in the College Park vicinity. Control activities commenced on Jul 16 and ended Sep 20 1979 and ran from Jul 20 to Sep 9 1980. Each nest was observed prior to spraying and the number of adults flying in and out in three 15 sec periods counted and averaged. Species was determined by the collection of a specimen from each nest. Each nest was sprayed for 20-30 sec directly into the entry/exit area. Some nests were sprayed during daylight and others at dusk. Yellowjacket activity was censured either 10 min later for nests sprayed during the daylight hours or the next day for nests sprayed at dusk. Yellowjacket counts were not possible for several of the nests included in the test, and for these nests control was evaluated by determining yellowjacket survival in the nest the day following spraying. Spray effectiveness, evaluated by either entrance activity or yellowjacket survivorship within the nest, was assigned as complete (either no activity or no live adults), incomplete (reduced activity but some live adults) or as ineffective (extensive yellowjacket activity similar to pre-spray conditions). Within some treatments, control was complete for some nests but not for all, and in these cases nearly complete control was assigned to the test results.
Apple, Single Application Insecticide Test, 1981
Authors: Townsend Howard , Micinski Steven
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on mature apple trees using single tree plots replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. The Lannate and Vydate plots were treated on Apr 21 using an airblast sprayer, and the Diazlnon and SN-72129 plots were treated on Apr 23. All trees had a heavy RAA infestation at the time of treatment. Control of RAA was evaluated on May 19 by examining 100 infested terminals on each tree to determine if the colony was alive. Control of PC, CM, and GF was evaluated on Jun 4 by harvesting ca 3/4 bushel of fruit from each tree as well as picking up all fallen fruit. All fruit was evaluated for insect damage by visual examination.
Apple, Insecticide Efficacy Test, 1981
Authors: Townsend Howard , Micinski Steven
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on mature apple trees using single tree plots replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were applied with a handgun at a rate of 3 to 4 gal/tree on Apr 27 and May 11. The materials were evaluated for efficacy on May 28 by harvesting ca 3/4 bushel of fruit at random from each tree as well as picking up all drop fruit. All fruit was evaluated for insect damage by visual examination.
Control of Grape Climbing Cutworms, 1981
Authors: Johnson Donn T. , Mayes R. L.
Published: March 2022

Three insecticides were evaluated for control of cutworms to minimize bud damage of grapes in Clarksville, AR. Each of five treatments were applied to 9 randomly selected plots (replicates) containing 3 vines. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows by 8 ft in the row at 544 vines/acre. Sprays were applied at bud swell on March 31. A hand sprayer was used at 40 psi to apply 0.4 qt/vine (50 gpa) to runoff with an adjustable conejet nozzle. Sampling involved pretreatment (Mar 31) and 1 and 7 day post-treatment counts of the cutworm damaged buds per vine. The first major rainfall was 4 days post-treatment (.26 inches). The cutworm severity was low.
Control of Green June Beetles on ‘Venus’ Grapes, 1980
Authors: Johnson Donn T. , Mayes R. L.
Published: March 2022

A Venus grape vineyard was chosen in Farmington, AR. Heavily infested vines were selected and counts made of live green June beetles (GJB) on the grape clusters and of dead beetles on the ground under the vines the day of treatment. Each of 7 treatments consisted of a random selection of 5 one-vine replicates. On Jul 23, treatments were applied to runoff using a hand-held compressed air sprayer. Dead beetles were counted under the vines after 1 and 2 days post-treatment.
Abatement of Foliar

Daktulosphaira

vitifoliae

on Wine Grapes, 1981
Authors: Williams Roger N.
Published: March 2022

Three insecticides were evalua phylloxera at Wooster, OH. Plots consisted of 6 Clinton vines, with 4 replications per treatment in spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft in the row. Granular formulations were applied on Jun 1 and i ft away from vine rows and 1.5 ft outside end vines, in the form of an ellipse around the plot. Gran uniformly in the bottom of a 2 inch furrow and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil moisture w: application, so granular treatments were not watered-in. Foliar treatments were made on Jun 17 and J CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with a TeeJet D3 disc and Number 23 core. Sprays wer app 53 gal/acre. A spreader-sticker, Ortho X-77, was added to Thiodan sprays at 1 pt/100 gal. In sampli random from each plot, half from each side of the row. The number of galls was recorded from the 10 these shoots.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Strawberry For Control of Larvae of Black Vine Weevil, 1980
Authors: Halfhili J. E.
Published: March 2022

Everbearing strawberries potted in a 3:2 peat-sand mix in 6 inch containers were infested with 50 “brown stage” eggs by placing the eggs in each container, ca 1 inch deep next to the roots. Thirty days after infestation, the pre-moistened mix was drenched to saturation with 6 fl oz of an insecticide/water solution. Each of the 21 treatments were replicated 3 times, and each replicate consisted of 5 plants to ensure adequate populations of the larvae. Ninety days after infestation, the mix in each pot was removed, sifted, and the number of living larvae was noted and recorded. The pots were held in an unheated greenhouse during the mid-Aug to mid-Nov test period. Phytotoxicity was determined 7 and 60 days after treatment.
Citrus Red Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Builock Robert C.
Published: March 2022

Four compounds were evaluated in dilute sprays vs. citrus red mite in a block of double-bedded ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit trees planted in 1978 on a 17.5 x 26.25 ft spacing. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Each plot consisted of a single tree. Spray applications were made Feb 25 with a John Bean Royalier JK-20T hydraulic sprayer operated at 200 psi and equipped with a double Boyce hand-gun. Approximately 1 gal of spray was needed to spray each tree to run-off. Approximately 1 gal of spray was needed to spray each tree to run-off. At the indicated pre- and post-treatment intervals, 10 leaves, randomly selected while circling each tree, were picked into a pt Mason jar containing 50% alcohol and brought to the lab. Each jar was vigorously shaken and then leaves removed separately and surface rinsed into the funnel of a Millipore filter system with a stream of 50% alcohol from a wash bottle. The leaf-wash and the liquid from the Mason jar were drawn through the filter. Mites on the filter disc were counted with the aid of a binocular dissecting scope.
Control of Citrus Bud Mite and Citrus Red Mite in Orange Co., 1981
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J.
Published: March 2022

Materials were tested for efficacy against citrus bud mite in a lemon grove near Irvin, California. Treatments were applied on Sep 16 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal per acre. There were four two-tree replicates and pre-treatment levels varied from 48.8 to 71.3 percent buds infested. Five buds on each of four terminals were dissected for each of the replicates, and the percent buds infested was calculated. At the time of treatment, there was only a trace of citrus red mite; the population was monitored on a few trees and at 100 days post-spray a rating of all trees was made.
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1981
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted on mature ‘Stuart’ pecan trees at Shreveport, LA. A randomized block design was used with 3 blocks and 1 tree per treatment per block. All materials, with the exception of Temik, were applied on Aug 18 using an FMC 957 sprayer delivering ca 35 gal of spray per tree. Temik was applied to two 41.83 m2 bands under the drip line of the tree and disced in. Evaluation occurred on Aug 25 by counting the number of mites present on 2 leaflets on each of 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Seed Maggot Control, 1981
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Plots consisted of single row treatments 36 inches apart, 15 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Hand-pushed cone seeders were used to plant 100 seeds in each row and to distribute granules of insecticide. Spray treatments were applied at 50 gal water/acre using a CO2-powered spray unit mounted on a cone seeder.
Control of Worms and Aphids of Cabbage, 1981
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

A block of ‘Eastern Ballhead’ cabbage transplanted on Jun 15, on the Robert WIggin Farm, Stratham, NH was utilized. Spray treatments were applied on Jul 30, Aug 6, 13, 20, 27, Sep 3, 11 and 21, to plots consisting of 20 ft rows replicates 4times and arranged in a randomized block design. Applications were made to both sides of the row using a B & G CO2- pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. Combination treatments applied at the same time were tank mixed. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on 5 plants per replicate and by foliage injury ratings on Sep 9. The categories used in rating the foliage injury were: 1 = slight or trace holes; 2 = less than 10% of leaves with feeding holes; 3 = severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4 = severe feeding on 50% of leaves; 5 = severe feeding on 100% of leaves. Aphid control evaluations were also made on Sep 9, by determining the percentage of plants per plot with at least 1 established aphid colony. Percent marketable heads was determined on Oct 19.
Control of Cabbage Maggot, 1981
Authors: Dapsis L. J. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

‘Golden Acre’ cabbage was transplanted to the field on May 7, in Sunderland, MA. Twenty plants were transplanted to each plot. Ammonium nitrate at 135 lb/acre was applied on May 3. Treflan (6E) at 1.5 lb ai/acre was applied on May 1 and disced in for weed control. The soil type ws a fine sandy loam and had a pH of 7.0. There were two 25 ft rows per treatment, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 36 inch row spacing. All insecticidal treatments were applied with a 3 gal stainless steel backpack sprayer in 150 gal water/acre. Single applications of Dyfonate (4EC) at 1 lb ai/acre, Amaze (6E) at 0.5 lb ai/acre and 1 lb ai/acre were applied on May 14. The remaining treatments were applied on May 14, May 31, and Jun 12. Evaluations were made on Jun 29. Plant mortality due to cabbage maggot was calculated for each treatment. In addition, 5 roots/treatment/replicate were removed. This included a core of soil 3 inches wide X 5 inches deep. Roots and soil were rinsed through a screen to extract pupae and larvae. The total number of pupae plus larvae and cabbage maggot feeding tunnels were recorded. Due to high plant mortality in the control plots, insufficient data were available for analysis of pupal/larval and tunnel counts.