bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimode‐Assisted Broadband Impedance‐Gradient Thin Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: Wang Yanzhao , Xu He-Xiu , Wang Chaohui , Luo Huiling , Wang Shaojie , Wang Mingzhao
Published: September 2022

Metamaterials have become a promising alternative for stealth technology due to their impressive abilities to freely manipulate electromagnetic waves. With the development of radar detection technology, stringent performances are required for metamaterial absorbers (MAs), such as wideband, wide‐angle operation, and thin thickness. Herein, a systematic strategy to achieve thin broadband MAs based on trilayer indium tin oxide (ITO) resistive films with multimodes is proposed. The operation mechanism and bandwidth enhancement are analyzed and discussed in terms of the equivalent circuit model and surface current distributions. Guided by the established impedance‐gradient theory, an absorber with high‐efficiency absorption is achieved. Numerical results show that it achieves operation bandwidth (reflection loss <−10 dB) ranging from 6.8 to 20.8 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 101.4%. To demonstrate the applicability, a proof‐of‐concept sample is fabricated with a total thickness of only 3.5 mm, that is, 0.079 λ
L at the lowest operating frequency. A good agreement of results between simulation and experiment has validated the effectiveness of our strategy, indicating broadband and large‐angle operation. It is believed that the research will stimulate the realization of wide‐angle broadband absorbers with thin thickness and further improve the application of stealth technology relying on absorption.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cuprous‐Based Metal Halides for Warm White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Meng Xuan , Ji Sujun , Wang Qiujie , Wang Xiaochen , Bai Tianxin , Zhang Ruiling , Yang Bin , Li Yimeng , Shao Zhipeng , Jiang Junke , Han Ke‐li , Liu Feng
Published: September 2022

Single‐component emitters with stable and bright warm white‐light emission are highly desirable for high‐efficacy warm white light‐emitting diodes (warm‐WLEDs), however, materials with such luminescence properties are extremely rare. Low­dimensional lead (Pb) halide perovskites can achieve warm white photoluminescence (PL), yet they suffer from low stability and PL quantum yield (PLQY). While Pb‐free air‐stable perovskites such as Cs2AgInCl6 emit desirable warm white light, sophisticated doping strategies are typically required to increase their PL intensity. Moreover, the use of rare metal‐bearing compounds along with the typically required vacuum‐based thin‐film processing may greatly increase their production cost. Herein, organic–inorganic hybrid cuprous (Cu+)‐based metal halide MA2CuCl3 (MA = CH3NH3+) that meets the requirements of i) nontoxicity, ii) high PLQY, and iii) dopant‐free is presented. Both single crystals and thin films of MA2CuCl3 can be facilely prepared by a low‐cost solution method, which demonstrate bright warm white‐light emission with intrinsically high PLQYs of 90–97%. Prototype electroluminescence devices and down‐conversion LEDs are fabricated with MA2CuCl3 thin films and single crystals, respectively, which show bright luminescence with decent efficiencies and operational stability. These findings suggest that MA2CuCl3 has a great potential for the single‐component indoor lighting and display applications.
Transparent, Multivalued Transistors Enabled By Area‐Selective Optical Doping on Ga‐Doped IZTO Thin Films
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Lee Ju Hyeon , Jung Myeongjin , Kim Jae Hyung , Park Jung‐Min , Kim Han‐Ki , Kang Joohoon
Published: September 2022

Multivalued transistors are demonstrated on wafer‐scale, sputtered gallium‐doped indium‐zinc‐tin‐oxide (Ga‐doped IZTO) thin films by area‐selective optical doping. Cation elemental doping and ultraviolet (UV) exposure are representative techniques to control the carrier concentrations of metal oxide semiconductors. In this work, both doping techniques are exploited to design a pseudo‐heterojunction on a monolithic Ga‐doped IZTO thin film to generate multivalued electrical characteristics. The resulting semiconductor channel possessed two distinct work functions (i.e., smaller work function on the UV‐exposed area with respect to the masked Ga‐doped IZTO area), which resulted in sequential activation with two turn‐on voltages under a gate voltage sweep. Consequently, a stable intermediate state is generated for the ternary operation of the devices. This work further demonstrates the fabrication of transparent ternary device arrays by utilizing transparent elements including indium tin oxide (ITO), Ga‐doped IZTO, SiO2, and glass as electrodes, semiconducting channels, dielectric layers, and substrates, respectively.
Two‐Dimensional Fluorinated Graphene Reinforced Solid Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhai Pengbo , Yang Zhilin , Wei Yi , Guo Xiangxin , Gong Yongji
Published: September 2022

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) hold a great promise in the application of solid‐state lithium batteries, but suffer from poor mechanical properties and uncontrolled electrode/electrolyte interfacial reaction, which restrict their overall electrochemical performance. Herein, the design of 2D fluorinated graphene‐reinforced PVDF‐HFP‐LiTFSI (FPH‐Li) polymer electrolytes to address these challenges is reported. Uniformly dispersed fluorinated graphene induces a unique grain refinement effect, which effectively improves the mechanical properties without excessively increasing the thickness of the polymer electrolyte. Significant reduction in polymer grain size enhances interfacial lithium ion (Li‐ion) transport and homogenizes Li‐ion flux, thereby improving Li‐ion conductivity and promoting uniform Li plating/stripping. Furthermore, extensive characterizations show that fluorinated graphene is involved in the construction of a stable artificial interface, which effectively prevents the side reactions between the lithium metal anode and solvated molecules. As a result, the use of thin FPH‐Li polymer electrolytes (thickness of ≈45 µm) enables long‐term Li plating/stripping with a small overpotential in Li/Li symmetrical cells and stable cycling of Li/LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 full cells with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 1.0 C. This work verifies the effectiveness of 2D materials in improving the comprehensive properties of polymer electrolytes and promotes the applications of SPEs in high‐performance solid‐state lithium batteries.
Polyester‐tethered near‐infrared fluorophores confined in colloidal nanoparticles: Tunable and thermoresponsive aggregation and biomedical applications
Authors: Yang Cangjie , Zhang Wei , Pang Xin , Xiao Fan , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Zhang Yipeng , Pramanik Manojit , Tian Leilei , Liu Gang , Wang Mingfeng
Published: September 2022

Intricate assembly of multiple molecular chromophores assisted by protein scaffolds is essential in tuning the optical absorption and energy transfer in the light‐harvesting complexes of the photosynthetic systems in nature. However, it remains a challenge to achieve such structural complexity and functionality in synthetic polymer‐chromophore systems. Here, we report a series of polyester‐tethered pyrrolopyrrole cyanine derivatives and their colloidal nanoparticles dispersed in water, which show tunable J‐ or H‐aggregation excitonic coupling and near‐infrared fluorescence by precise control of the polymer chain lengths, composition, and temperature. Moreover, the optimal fluorescence or photothermal effect of the J‐aggregate nanoparticles enables broad applications in fluorescence or photoacoustic bioimaging and phototherapy.
Supramolecular chiral polymeric aggregates: Construction and applications
Authors: Zhang Gong , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Wang Yuefei , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2022

Inspired by the mystery of natural homochirality, the design and construction of artificial chiral systems with special functions including mechanics, chiroptical devices, and chiral separation have aroused the great interest of scientists. Due to its diverse conformations and components, polymers become an excellent candidate to construct artificial chiral aggregates, which provides an opportunity to fabricate advanced chiral materials. Herein, in this review, we summarized not only the different strategies for construction and regulation of supramolecular chirality in chiral or achiral polymer systems, mainly including post‐assembly and polymerization‐induced chiral self‐assembly in chiral polymer systems and several chirality transfer and induction strategies in achiral polymer systems, but also the formation mechanisms of chiral aggregates by the chirality amplification from the molecular level to supramolecular level. Furthermore, we present the typical applications of chiral polymeric aggregates in circularly polarized light emission, chiral recognition and separation, and chiral elastomer. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of chiral polymeric aggregates are also elaborated.
Functional role of endothelial transferrin receptor 1 in iron sensing and homeostasis
Authors: Fisher Allison L. , Wang Chia‐yu , Xu Yang , Joachim Kole , Xiao Xia , Phillips Sydney , Moschetta Gillian A. , Alfaro‐Magallanes Victor M. , Babitt Jodie L.
Published: September 2022

Systemic iron homeostasis is regulated by the hepatic hormone hepcidin to balance meeting iron requirements while limiting toxicity from iron excess. Iron‐mediated induction of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 6 is a central mechanism for regulating hepcidin production. Liver endothelial cells (LECs) are the main source of endogenous BMP6, but how they sense iron to modulate BMP6 transcription and thereby hepcidin is uncertain. Here, we investigate the role of endothelial cell transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) in iron uptake, BMP6 regulation, and systemic iron homeostasis using primary LEC cultures and endothelial Tfrc (encoding TFR1) knockout mice. We show that intracellular iron regulates Bmp6 expression in a cell‐autonomous manner, and TFR1 mediates iron uptake and Bmp6 expression by holo‐transferrin in primary LEC cultures. In addition, endothelial Tfrc knockout mice exhibit altered iron homeostasis compared with littermate controls when fed a limited iron diet, as evidenced by increased liver iron and inappropriately low Bmp6 and hepcidin expression relative to liver iron. However, endothelial Tfrc knockout mice have a similar iron phenotype compared to littermate controls when fed an iron‐rich standard diet. Finally, ferritin and non‐transferrin bound iron (NTBI) are additional sources of iron that mediate Bmp6 induction in primary LEC cultures via TFR1‐independent mechanisms. Together, our data demonstrate a minor functional role for endothelial cell TFR1 in iron uptake, BMP6 regulation, and hepatocyte hepcidin regulation under iron limiting conditions, and suggest that ferritin and/or NTBI uptake by other transporters have a dominant role when iron availability is high.
Long‐term outcomes and predictors of early response, late relapse, and survival for patients treated with bispecific LV20.19 CAR T‐cells
Authors: Zurko Joanna C. , Fenske Timothy S. , Johnson Bryon D. , Bucklan Daniel , Szabo Aniko , Xu Huiqing , Chaney Katherine , Hamadani Mehdi , Hari Parameswaran , Shah Nirav N.
Published: September 2022

We previously reported results of a first‐in‐human trial of bispecific LV20.19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy, demonstrating high response rates in patients with relapsed, refractory (R/R) B‐cell malignancies. We now report two‐year survival outcomes and predictors of early response, late relapse, and survival. Patients from the previously reported phase 1 dose escalation and expansion trial of LV20.19 CAR‐T therapy (NCT03019055) treated at target dose of 2.5 × 106 cells/kg (n = 16) were included in this updated analysis. Two‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method. The relationship of in‐vivo CAR‐T expansion, tumor burden, and effector: target ratio on early response (day 28) and late relapse (>180 days post‐CAR‐T) were assessed. Exact log‐rank testing was performed to evaluate the impacts of clinical variables on survival outcomes. With a median of 31 months (range 27–40) of follow‐up, two‐year PFS and OS were 44% and 69%. Median PFS and OS were 15.6 months and not reached, respectively. For CAR‐naïve large B‐cell lymphoma patients (n = 8), two‐year PFS and OS were 50% and 75%. No patient with progression experienced dual target antigen (CD19 or CD20) loss on post‐relapse biopsy. Lower in vivo expansion was strongly associated with late relapse. Early treatment response was impeded by high metabolic tumor volume and low effector: target ratio. Bridging therapy and higher absolute lymphocyte count on day of CAR‐T infusion were associated with inferior survival outcomes. In conclusion, this initial trial of LV20.19 CAR‐T demonstrates a signal for favorable long‐term outcomes for patients with R/R B‐cell malignancies.
Mortality of hospital walk‐in trauma patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kakimoto Kohei , Shibahashi Keita , Oishio Masato , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Hamabe Yuichi
Published: September 2022

Aim

To investigate the characteristics of patients who visited the emergency department by themselves after experiencing trauma and subsequently died, and to identify the prognostic factors of mortality in such patients.

Methods

Adult patients with trauma visiting the emergency department by themselves between 2004 and 2019 in Japan were identified using a nationwide trauma registry (the Japan Trauma Data Bank). The characteristics of patients who died were compared with those who survived, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent association of each preselected variable with in‐hospital mortality (end‐point).

Results

Of the 9753 patients eligible for analysis, 4369 (44.8%) were men, and the median age was 75 years. Of these patients, 130 (1.3%) died in the hospital. The following factors had a significant association with in‐hospital mortality: age, male sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 3–4 and ≥5 with CCI = 0 as a reference, circumstances of injury (free fall and fall at ground level), Glasgow Coma Scale score, Shock Index ≥ 0.9, severe injuries of the head, abdomen and lower extremities, and Injury Severity Score ≥ 15.

Conclusions

Several risk factors, including older age, male sex, higher CCI, circumstances of injury (free fall and fall at ground level), lower Glasgow Coma Scale score, higher Shock Index, and severe injuries of the head, abdomen, and lower extremities, were identified as being associated with the death of trauma patients visiting the emergency department by themselves. Early identification of patients with these risk factors and appropriate treatment may reduce mortality posttrauma.
Spatiotemporally Targeted Polypeptide Nanoantidotes Improve Chemotherapy Tolerance of Cisplatin
Authors: Yang Jiazhen , Su Tianqi , Zou Haoyang , Yang Guanqing , Ding Jianxun , Chen Xuesi
Published: September 2022

The toxicity of drugs causes various adverse effects in patients. While antidotes that neutralize drug toxicity help reduce systemic damage during clinical therapy, these antidotes are generally accompanied by the loss of drug efficacy. Herein, the spatiotemporally targeted polycystine‐based nanoantidotes were designed as a neutralizer of cisplatin (CDDP) to decrease its toxicity without affecting its anticancer efficacy. The nanoantidotes administered before CDDP selectively accumulated in the liver and kidney and then firmly bound to CDDP through the highly stable Pt−S bond during subsequent chemotherapy. This two‐step administration strategy reduced the level of Pt in normal organs, shortened the half‐life of CDDP in plasma, and increased the tolerance to CDDP. More importantly, the nanoantidotes maintained the anticancer efficacy of CDDP after reducing systemic toxicity, indicating its great potential in expanding the clinical application of CDDP.
Nanopore Electrochemistry for Pathogen Detection
Authors: Ju Yuan , Pu Mengjun , Sun Ke , Song Guiqin , Geng Jia
Published: September 2022

Pathogen infections seriously threaten human health, and there is an urgent demand for rapid and efficient pathogen identification to provide instructions in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Recently, nanopore technology, a rapidly maturing technology which delivers ultrasensitive sensing and high throughput in real‐time and at low cost, has achieved success in pathogen detection. Furthermore, the remarkable development of nanopore sequencing, for example, the MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) as a competitive sequencing technology, has facilitated the rapid analysis of disease‐related microbiomes at the whole‐genome level and on a large scale. Here, we highlighted recent advances in nanopore approaches for pathogen detection at the single‐molecule level. We also overviewed the applications of nanopore sequencing in pathogenic bacteria identification and diagnosis. In the end, we discussed the challenges and future developments of nanopore technology as promising tools for the management of infections, which may be helpful to aid understanding as well as decision‐making.
The covariance intersection fusion estimation algorithm weighted by diagonal matrix based on genetic simulated annealing algorithm and machine learning
Authors: Liu Jingang , Hao Gang
Published: September 2022

This paper is concerned with covariance intersection (CI) fusion for multi‐sensor linear time‐varying systems with unknown cross‐covariance. Firstly, a CI fusion weighted by diagonal matrix (DCI) is proposed, and it is proved to be unbiased and robust and has higher accuracy than classical CI fusion. Secondly, the genetic simulated annealing (GSA) algorithm is used for multi‐parameter optimization problem caused by diagonal matrix weights. Considering the serious time‐consuming problem in optimization process of the GSA algorithm, Back Propagation (BP) network is used to obtain the optimal weights. Eventually, the DCI based on GSA algorithm and BP network is proposed. The proposed algorithm has higher accuracy and better stability than classic CI fusion algorithms. Simulation analyses verify the effectiveness and correctness of the conclusion.
Understanding the association between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Zhang Ning , Gao Man , Yu Jinglong , Zhang Qiang , Wang Weiguang , Zhou Congxiao , Liu Lingjia , Sun Ting , Liao Xing , Wang Junhong
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, which may be related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Our study aims to explore the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD, and analyze the potential moderators.

Methods

Literature search was conducted by a combined computer‐assisted and manual method. Studies were included if they had reported the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD. Overall estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using random‐effects meta‐analyses, meta‐regressions and further stratified analyses were conducted to examine potential moderator variables.

Results

Totals of 70 studies involving nearly 4 million participants from among 6,452 unique articles were included. In the primary analyses, ACEs were found to be associated with subsequent ADHD (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.54–1.83), and the negative effects of different forms of ACEs for ADHD were nonequivalent. Such as lived in the stepfamily, been adopted or fostered, and experienced sexual abuse were more deleterious than others. It was found that individuals who had experienced multiple ACEs or who are female were more vulnerable to ADHD.

Conclusions

The findings provide critical evidence for understanding the association between ACEs and ADHD. ACEs could increase the susceptibility of ADHD, especially for individuals who ever experienced multiple ACEs and females.
Tumor‐associated macrophages in liver cancer: From mechanisms to therapy
Authors: Cheng Kun , Cai Ning , Zhu Jinghan , Yang Xing , Liang Huifang , Zhang Wanguang
Published: September 2022

Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver cancer. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the TME and are present at all stages of liver cancer progression, and targeting TAMs has become one of the most favored immunotherapy strategies. In addition, macrophages and liver cancer cells have distinct origins. At the early stage of liver cancer, macrophages can provide a niche for the maintenance of liver cancer stem cells. In contrast, cancer stem cells (CSCs) or poorly differentiated tumor cells are key factors modulating macrophage activation. In the present review, we first propose the origin connection between precursor macrophages and liver cancer cells. Macrophages undergo dynamic phenotypic transition during carcinogenesis. In this course of such transition, it is critical to determine the appropriate timing for therapy and block specific markers to suppress pro‐tumoral TAMs. The present review provides a more detailed discussion of transition trends of such surface markers than previous reviews. Complex crosstalk occurs between TAMs and liver cancer cells. TAMs play indispensable roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and autophagy due to their heterogeneity and robust plasticity. In addition, macrophages in the TME interact with other immune cells by directing cell‐to‐cell contact or secreting various effector molecules. Similarly, tumor cells combined with other immune cells can drive macrophage recruitment and polarization. Despite the latest achievements and the advancements in treatment strategies following TAMs studies, comprehensive discussions on the communication between macrophages and cancer cells or immune cells in liver cancer are currently lacking. In this review, we discussed the interactions between TAMs and liver cancer cells (from cell origin to maturation), the latest therapeutic strategies (including chimeric antigen receptor macrophages), and critical clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) to provide a rationale for further clinical investigation of TAMs as a potential target for treating patients with liver cancer.
KRAS mutated Non‐Small Lung Carcinoma: A Real World Context from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Batra Ullas , Nathany Shrinidhi , Sharma Mansi , BP Amrith , Jose Joslia T. , Singh Harkirat , Mattoo Sakshi , Mehta Anurag
Published: September 2022

Background

KRAS, although a common variant of occurrence (~20% of non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma [NSCLC]) has been untargetable, owing to the molecular structure which inherently prevents drug binding. KRAS mutations in NSCLC are associated with distinct clinical profiles including smokers and mucinous histology. KRAS G12C mutations account for ~40% KRAS altered NSCLC, but NSCLC being a geographically diverse disease, the features may be distinct in this part of the world. This is a single‐center experience of KRAS‐mutated NSCLC including clinical, imaging, pathologic features, and treatment patterns and outcomes.

Methods

This is a single‐center retrospective study of KRAS‐mutated NSCLC. The clinicopathological features and outcomes were retrieved and collated from the medical record archives of the hospital.

Results

Fifty (30.6%) patients with advanced‐stage NSCLC with alterations in the KRAS gene were enrolled in the 163 patients who were tested for KRAS alterations. The median age was 61 years. Molecular detection revealed three main types of KRAS mutations viz‐a‐vis: G12C in 17 (34%), G12V in 9 (18%), and G12D in 6 (12%) patients. Comparing G12C versus the non‐G12C mutated cases, co‐mutations were common in the non‐G12C subgroup (p < 0.05). Among the 36, who were treated at our center, all received chemotherapy as the first line with a median progression‐free survival (PFS)of 5.4 months. The PFS of G12C was higher than the non‐G12C subgroup (6.4 vs 3.8 months).

Conclusion

This is the largest single‐center experience from the Indian subcontinent for KRAS‐mutated NSCLC with distinct clinical features. It highlights the unmet need for G12C inhibitors in our country, where prevalence is equivalent to the West.
Diverse Flavonoids from the Roots of Indigofera stachyodes
Authors: Lou Huayong , Liu Hanfei , Wang Huan , Zhao Yumin , Huang Lei , Fu Jian , Hao Xiaojiang , Pan Weidong
Published: September 2022

Three new flavonoids, 4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2S,3R‐3,7‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxyflavan (1), (3R)‐7,4′‐dihydroxy‐5,3′‐methoxychalcone (2), (3S)‐7,2′,3′‐trihydroxy‐6,4′‐dimethoxylisoflavan (3), and one new natural occurring product, (3S)‐6,2′,3′‐trihydroxy‐7,4′‐dimethoxylisoflavan (4), together with eleven known ones (5–15), were isolated from the roots of Indigofera stachyodes. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by ECD spectra and chemical method. All the isolated flavonoids were screened for their antioxidant abilities to scavenge DPPH and ABTS+. As results, compounds 2–4, 10, and 15 exhibited remarkable scavenging activity against both ABTS+ and DPPH, with the IC50 values less than 20 μM. In addition, compounds 1, 6–9, and 13 exhibited potential antioxidant scavenging activities, IC50 values were in the range of 17.96∼85.91 μM.
Evidence that cervical cancer cells cultured as tumorspheres maintain high CD73 expression and increase their protumor characteristics through TGF‐β production
Authors: García‐Rocha Rosario , Monroy‐García Alberto , Carrera‐Martínez Monserrat , Hernández‐Montes Jorge , Don‐López Christian Azucena , Weiss‐Steider Benny , Monroy‐Mora Katia Alhelí , Ponce‐Chavero María de los Ángeles , Montesinos‐Montesinos Juan José , Escobar‐Sánchez María Luisa , Castillo Gabriela Molina , Chacón‐Salinas Rommel , Vallejo‐Castillo Luis , Pérez‐Tapia Sonia Mayra , Mora‐García María de Lourdes
Published: September 2022

Recently, a link between the biological activity of CD73 and tumorigenicity in solid tumors has been proposed. We previously reported that the generation of adenosine (Ado) by the activity of CD73 in cervical cancer (CC) cells induces transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) production to maintain CD73 expression. In the present study, we analyzed the participation of TGF‐β1 in CD73 expression and the development of protumoral characteristics in CaSki CC cells cultured as tumorspheres (CaSki‐T) and in monolayers (CaSki‐M). Compared with those in CaSki‐M cells, CD73 expression and Ado generation ability were significantly increased in CaSki‐T cells. CaSki‐T cells exhibited enrichment in the CSC‐like phenotype due to increases in the expression levels of stem cell markers (CD49f, CK17, and P63; OCT4 and SOX2), greater sphere formation efficiency (SFE), and an increase in the percentage of side population (SP) cells. Interestingly, compared with CaSki‐M cells, CaSki‐T cells produced a greater amount of TGF‐β1 and presented a marked protumor phenotype characterized by a significant decrease in the expression of major histocompatibility complex class‐I (MHC‐I) molecules, an increase in the expression of multidrug resistance protein‐I (MRP‐I) and vimentin, and an increase in the protein expression levels of Snail‐1 and Twist, which was strongly reversed with TGF‐β1 inhibition. These results suggest that the presence of TGF‐β1−CD73–Ado feedback loop can promote protumoral characteristics in the CC tumor microenvironment.
Structure‐Property Relations of Nickel and Cobalt Substituted Yttrium Aluminum Garnets as Catalyst Materials for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Fritsch Charlotte , Titus Juliane , Roussière Thomas , Lizandara‐Pueyo Carlos , Müller Robert , Gläser Roger , Schunk Stephan Andreas
Published: September 2022

Nickel‐ and cobalt‐substituted yttrium aluminum garnets (YAGs) were synthesized varying their stoichiometries and the details of the thermal treatment procedures at elevated temperatures. Ni and/or Co substitution into the framework of Y3Al5O12 was found to be feasible up to molar metal contents of 6 mol %. The synthesis conditions were optimized towards a compromise of high phase purity of the high‐temperature phase of YAG, still maintaining sensible specific surface areas of the resulting catalyst materials. The two synthetic procedures evaluated in the study allow introduction of nickel and cobalt into the oxidic framework of the YAG oxide, from which under reducing conditions, both metals can be exsolved. The catalysts were studied in the catalytic dry reforming of methane under stoichiometric ratio of CO2/CH4 at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic results indicate that for the best candidate materials performance is stable and a syngas of the desired ratio nH2/nCO = 1 is formed. Trends were observed towards nickel being the catalytically more active metal compared to cobalt.
Day‐to‐day fasting plasma glucose variability on the short‐term prognosis of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yi Ming , Cao Qing , Tang Wen‐hui , Liu Qiang , Ke Xiao
Published: September 2022

Background and Hypothesis

Glycemic variability in one fact that explain the differences in cardiovascular outcomes. The short‐term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability may have an on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed T2DM patients who underwent emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to STEMI in Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, between January 2016 and March 2020. All patients underwent at least 5 FPG measurements during the perioperative period. FPG variability score (FPG‐VS) was defined as the percentage of the number of FPG variations > 1 mmol/L between two adjacent FPG measurements. The Cox proportional‐hazards model was used to estimate the relationship between FPG‐VS and MACE. A validation set was utilized to further evaluate the prognostic value of FPG‐VS in a standardized STEMI diabetic diet cohort following PCI intervention.

Results

A total of 612 patients were included in the retrospective cohort study. In comparison to the minimum quintile, FPG‐VS > 60% was associated with an increased risk of 30‐day MACE. Moreover, compared to FPG‐VS ≤ 20%, the FPG‐VS > 80% group had a higher risk of MACE (odd ratio [OR] = 4.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.55−5.28), recurrent angina pectoris (OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 2.27−8.27), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 2.47−7.69), heart failure (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.92−5.54), malignant arrhythmia (OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.12−6.25) and cardiac death (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.17−1.97). Consistent results were obtained after adjustment for HbA1c, demonstrating the robustness of FPGFPG‐VS. Moreover, the standard diet intervention group had a lower FPG‐VS index as well as a lower incidence of MACE.

Conclusion

Higher FPG variability is associated with an increased risk of MACE within 30 days in diabetes patients receiving PCI for STEMI. A standardized diet may improve the prognosis of STEMI patients by reducing the FPG‐VS.
Long‐term outcome prediction for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Song Wu , Zhu Jiade , Zhong ZhaoJi , Song Yunhu , Liu Sheng
Published: September 2022

Background

The definitive treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), which has good long‐term outcomes. However, after surgery, a quarter of the patients still have residual pulmonary hypertension (RPH). In pulmonary hemodynamics, there are no unified criteria for RPH, even though the level may affect long‐term survival.

Methods

Between March 1997 and December 2021, 253 CTEPH patients were treated at our center with PEA. Patients were evaluated retrospectively and classified into early (1997–2014) and late (2015–2021) groups. The clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes of the two groups were compared, and risk factor analysis for RPH and long‐term survival for all cases was performed.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in demographics between the two groups. However, the Early Group had a significantly higher rate of perioperative death (9.8% vs. 1.2%, p = .001), RPH (48.8% vs. 14.0%, p < .001), and reperfusion pulmonary edema (18.3% vs. 2.9%, p < .001). The median follow‐up time was 66.0 months, and overall survival rates at 5, 10, 15, and 18 years after PEA were 91.2%, 83.9%, 64.5%, and 46.0%, respectively. Age and postoperative systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) were independently related to long‐term outcomes in the multivariate Cox analyses. Patients with postoperative sPAP less than 46 mm Hg had a higher chance of survival.

Conclusions

PEA improved CTEPH hemodynamics immediately and had a positive effect on long‐term survival. Patients with postoperative sPAP ≥ 46 mm Hg indicate clinically significant RPH and have a lower long‐term survival rate.
Essential nonclinical competencies for cardiovascular specialists imperatives for training
Authors: Valentine C. Michael , Chazal Richard A.
Published: September 2022

C. Richard (Dick) Conti was a pioneer in innovation…not only in clinical and academic fields, but also in the exposure of academicians, clinicians, and trainees to various environments for expansion of their knowledge base…and world view. In an evolving environment of systems of medical care, engagement in management and planning by physicians and all members of the care team is essential to ensure quality for patients and to develop processes that work effectively for practitioners. This is particularly true in cardiovascular disease, where the majority of physicians are now part of integrated healthcare systems. Such integration can have advantages, but can also lead to a perceived and real loss of professional control over the practice of medicine. As health systems grow, even those practitioners who remain “independent” require the ability to actively engage in system programs, processes, and planning. Tools to effectively contribute to such skill sets are not commonly part of formal training. This communication describes the needs for training in nonclinical competencies, some current resources, and a model for formal integration of such instruction into cardiology fellowship training. An approach such as this honors the memory of Dick Conti, as an educator and leader who continuously looked for avenues to improve the practice of cardiovascular medicine.
A review on radiation‐hardened memory cells for space and terrestrial applications
Authors: Pavan Kumar Mukku , Lorenzo Rohit
Published: September 2022

Over the past four decades, single event upset (SEU) and single event multiple node upset (SEMNU) have become the major issues in the memory area. Moreover, these upsets are prone to reliability issues in space, terrestrial, military, and medical applications. This article concisely reviews different researchers and academicians who proposed resilience techniques and methods to mitigate this upset mess. In addition, we also investigated the importance of and the impact of on device scaling parameters in upset mechanism, probability of memory failure, and the figure of metrics for the stability of memory cells.
No net effect of host density on tick‐borne disease hazard due to opposing roles of vector amplification and pathogen dilution
Authors: Gandy Sara , Kilbride Elizabeth , Biek Roman , Millins Caroline , Gilbert Lucy
Published: September 2022

To better understand vector‐borne disease dynamics, knowledge of the ecological interactions between animal hosts, vectors, and pathogens is needed. The effects of hosts on disease hazard depends on their role in driving vector abundance and their ability to transmit pathogens. Theoretically, a host that cannot transmit a pathogen could dilute pathogen prevalence but increase disease hazard if it increases vector population size. In the case of Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and vectored by Ixodid ticks, deer may have dual opposing effects on vectors and pathogen: deer drive tick population densities but do not transmit B. burgdorferi s.l. and could thus decrease or increase disease hazard. We aimed to test for the role of deer in shaping Lyme disease hazard by using a wide range of deer densities while taking transmission host abundance into account. We predicted that deer increase nymphal tick abundance while reducing pathogen prevalence. The resulting impact of deer on disease hazard will depend on the relative strengths of these opposing effects. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey across 24 woodlands in Scotland between 2017 and 2019, estimating host (deer, rodents) abundance, questing Ixodes ricinus nymph density, and B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence at each site. As predicted, deer density was positively associated with nymph density and negatively with nymphal infection prevalence. Overall, these two opposite effects canceled each other out: Lyme disease hazard did not vary with increasing deer density. This demonstrates that, across a wide range of deer and rodent densities, the role of deer in amplifying tick densities cancels their effect of reducing pathogen prevalence. We demonstrate how noncompetent host density has little effect on disease hazard even though they reduce pathogen prevalence, because of their role in increasing vector populations. These results have implications for informing disease mitigation strategies, especially through host management.
Ecological homogenization of soil properties in the American residential macrosystem
Authors: Ryan Christopher D. , Groffman Peter M. , Grove J. Morgan , Hall Sharon J. , Heffernan James B. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Locke Dexter H. , Morse Jennifer L. , Neill Christopher , Nelson Kristen C. , O'Neil‐Dunne Jarlath , Roy Chowdhury Rinku , Steele Meredith K. , Trammell Tara L. E.
Published: September 2022

The conversion of native ecosystems to residential ecosystems dominated by lawns has been a prevailing land‐use change in the United States over the past 70 years. Similar development patterns and management of residential ecosystems cause many characteristics of residential ecosystems to be more similar to each other across broad continental gradients than that of former native ecosystems. For instance, similar lawn management by irrigation and fertilizer applications has the potential to influence soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and processes. We evaluated the mean and variability of total soil C and N stocks, potential net N mineralization and nitrification, soil nitrite (NO2−)/nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) pools, microbial biomass C and N content, microbial respiration, bulk density, soil pH, and moisture content in residential lawns and native ecosystems in six metropolitan areas across a broad climatic gradient in the United States: Baltimore, MD (BAL); Boston, MA (BOS); Los Angeles, CA (LAX); Miami, FL (MIA); Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN (MSP); and Phoenix, AZ (PHX). We observed evidence of higher N cycling in lawn soils, including significant increases in soil NO2−/NO3−, microbial N pools, and potential net nitrification, and significant decreases in NH4+ pools. Self‐reported yard fertilizer application in the previous year was linked with increased NO2−/ NO3− content and decreases in total soil N and C content. Self‐reported irrigation in the previous year was associated with decreases in potential net mineralization and potential net nitrification and with increases in bulk density and pH. Residential topsoil had higher total soil C than native topsoil, and microbial biomass C was markedly higher in residential topsoil in the two driest cities (LAX and PHX). Coefficients of variation for most biogeochemical metrics were higher in native soils than in residential soils across all cities, suggesting that residential development homogenizes soil properties and processes at the continental scale.
Seasonal growth potential of Oncorhynchus mykiss in streams with contrasting prey phenology and streamflow
Authors: Rossi Gabriel J. , Power Mary E. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Grantham Theodore E.
Published: September 2022

The growth of any organism depends on habitat conditions, food availability, and their seasonal interactions. Yet in the vast literature on Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus), the seasonal interaction between habitat conditions and food availability has received relatively little attention. We examined juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss rearing, physical habitat, and resource phenologies in two Mediterranean coastal streams—one perennial, cool, and shaded and the other intermittent, seasonally warm, and sunny. We used a bioenergetic model to investigate the timing and magnitude of growth potential for drift‐foraging O. mykiss during the spring and summer in both systems. Growth potential peaked at least 2 months earlier in the intermittent stream than in the perennial stream. By early summer (June), growth potential had declined in the intermittent stream, whereas growth rates were peaking in the perennial stream. However, the mid‐July lipid content of juvenile O. mykiss in the intermittent stream was nearly twice that of fish in the perennial stream. By late summer (August), foraging profitability declined in both streams, as abiotic conditions in the intermittent stream approached lethal. In contrast, the perennial stream maintained suitable abiotic conditions even though the growth rate was low. We suggest that the divergent resource phenologies and seasonal mortality risks experienced by anadromous O. mykiss rearing in these streams could drive diversification of traits governing size, age, and timing of outmigration.
Scale‐dependent responses of understory vegetation to the physical structure of undisturbed tundra shrub patches
Authors: Wallace Cory A. , Baltzer Jennifer L.
Published: September 2022

Much of the Arctic is experiencing rapid change in the productivity and recruitment of tall, deciduous shrubs. It is well established that shrub expansion can alter tundra ecosystem composition and function; however, less is known about the degree to which variability in the physical structure of shrub patches might mediate these changes. There is also limited information as to how different physical attributes of shrub patches may covary and how they differ with topography. Here, we address these knowledge gaps by measuring the physical structure, abiotic conditions, and understory plant community composition at sampling plots within undisturbed green alder patches at a taiga–tundra ecotone site in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We found surprisingly few associations between most structural variables and abiotic conditions at the plot scale, with the notable exceptions of canopy complexity and snow depth. Importantly, neither patch structure nor abiotic conditions were associated with the vegetation community at the plot scale when among‐patch variation was accounted for. However, among‐patch variation in plant community composition was significant and represented a gradient in the richness of tundra specialists and Sphagnum moss abundance. This gradient was strongly associated with mean patch snow depth, which was likely controlled at least in part by mean patch canopy complexity. Overall, natural variability in green alder patch structure had less of an association with abiotic conditions than expected, suggesting future changes in physical structure at undisturbed sites may have limited environmental impact at the plot scale. However, at the patch scale, increases in snow depth, likely related to canopy complexity, were negatively associated with tundra specialist richness, potentially due to phenological limitations associated with shortened growing seasons. In summary, our data suggest emergent properties exist at the patch scale that are not apparent at the plot scale such that plot‐scale measurements do not represent variation in understory community composition across the landscape. The results presented here will inform future work addressing spatial variability in shrub impacts on ecosystem function and increase our understanding of understory community variation within alder patch habitats at the taiga–tundra ecotone.
Predation probabilities and functional responses: How piscivorous waterbirds respond to pulses in fish abundance
Authors: Hostetter Nathan J. , Payton Quinn , Roby Daniel D. , Collis Ken , Evans Allen F.
Published: September 2022

How predators respond to changes in prey abundance (i.e., functional responses) is foundational to consumer–resource interactions, predator–prey dynamics, and the stability of predator–prey systems. Predation by piscivorous waterbirds on out‐migrating juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is considered a factor affecting the recovery of multiple Endangered Species Act‐listed steelhead populations in the Columbia River basin. Waterbird functional responses, however, may vary by predator species and location, with important implications to predator management strategies. We used a 13‐year dataset on waterbird abundance across seven breeding colonies (three Caspian tern [Hydroprogne caspia], two double‐crested cormorant [Nannopterum auritum], and two California and ring‐billed gull [Larus californicus and Larus delawarensis] colonies) and steelhead tag‐recovery data (>645,000 tagged and >32,000 recovered steelhead) to quantify weekly predation probabilities and functional responses across waterbird species, colonies, and years. Weekly predation probabilities were highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 0.30 at tern colonies, 0.01 to 0.20 at cormorant colonies, and 0.03 to 0.13 at gull colonies. Per capita predation probabilities were an order of magnitude higher at inland tern and cormorant colonies relative to estuary colonies of the same species. Terns displayed Type II functional responses across colonies and years, where predation probabilities peaked at low steelhead abundances and declined as steelhead abundance increased (i.e., predator swamping). Cormorants nesting at the large estuary colony (several thousand birds) displayed a Type III functional response, but cormorants nesting at the smaller inland colony (several hundred birds) displayed a Type II response. Consumption probabilities of steelhead by gulls remained consistent across a large range of steelhead availability, suggesting a Type I or a Type III functional response, but a lack of colony abundance data prevented quantifying functional responses. The level of tern predation combined with Type II functional responses indicate possible population‐level impacts that could destabilize small or declining prey populations. Conversely, the apparent Type III functional responses of gulls and estuary nesting cormorants are indicative of prey switching behaviors targeted at periods of high steelhead abundance. Our results illustrate the complexity of predator–prey interactions and the importance of quantifying predator‐ and location‐specific functional responses when predicting the efficacy of management strategies to enhance prey populations.