bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epsilon Near Zero (ENZ) Metasurfaces for Augmented Reality application
Authors: Alhamdan I. R , Schulz S. A.
Published: December 2024

This study showcases multilayered metasurface designs that integrate Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as an epsilon near zero material (ENZ). The simulation results demonstrate that this structure operates with high efficiency and tunability within the visible spectrum.
A Cellophane Based Polarization Converter for Efficient Generation of Beams of Polarization Order Number +1.
Authors: Achieng Sandra , Rurimo Geoffrey K. , Rop Ronald
Published: December 2024

This project fabricates an eight-segment cellophane polarization mask that converts linearly polarized beams to order number +1 beams. It compares the outputs of a four-segment mask to those of the eight segment mask.
Phase only modulation of coherently coupled Orbital Angular Momentum beams for precise laser ranging
Authors: Robertson Evan , Cramer Tyler , Reid Frankie , Wiley Jaxon , Miller J. Keith , Johnson Eric G.
Published: December 2024

Phase only modulation of CCOAM beams provides a system with 15 mm resolution is achieved. This system’s resolution is independent of beam size and propagation allowing precise measurement of a target over 8 m away.
Phase to binary amplitude hologram conversion for the projection of multiplane scenes
Authors: Velez-Zea Alejandro , González-Moncada Juan Andrés , Barrera-Ramírez John Fredy
Published: December 2024

To take advantage of the high performance of state-of-the-art phase hologram generation methods, we introduce and compare two approaches to enable the conversion of phase holograms to binary amplitude holograms with minimal loss of accuracy.
Discovering nonlinear optical crystals and predicting their THz spectra through data mining and DFT calculations
Authors: Ho (Enoch) Sin-Hang , Smith Stacey J. , Michaelis David J. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: December 2024

Combining data mining and DFT calculations, we identified crystals that were originally designed in other applications to be good nonlinear optical crystals for THz generation and predicted their generation spectra that matched the measured spectra.
High resolution and high sensitivity imaging magnetometer with magnetic nanoparticle and optical heterodyne detection
Authors: Bartos Jan , Tis Taleb Ba , Park Wounjhang , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: December 2024

We present progress towards an imaging magnetometer using a magneto-optical polymer nanocomposite thin film, experimentally demonstrating
29nT/Hz sensitivity with <µm spatial resolution and the potential for
1pT/Hz at the shot noise limit.
Switching of Single Photons in Position-disordered Few-Body Chiral Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics Ladders
Authors: Amgain Nishan , Mirza Imran
Published: December 2024

We numerically study single-photon switching from one port to another in a waveguide quantum electrodynamics (wQED) ladder architecture in position-disordered dipole-dipole atomic chains.
The invariance and spatially varying nature of non-separability in classical and quantum states of light
Authors: Peters Cade , Cox Pedro Ornelas Mitchell , Drozdov Alice , Nape Isaac , Forbes Andrew
Published: December 2024

We report on the first real-world experimental evidence of the invariance of the non-separability of vectorial light through atmospheric turbulence and its spatially varying nature in the transverse plane.
Compact synthesis setup for space-time wave packets
Authors: Yessenov Murat , Mhibik Oussama , Hayward Tina M. , Menon Rajesh , Divliansky Ivan , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: December 2024

We introduce an ultra-compact and robust system to generate space-time wave packets based on chirped volume Bragg gratings to spatially resolve the spectrum, which reduced the volume of the synthesis setup down to 25 × 25 × 8 mm3.
Development of an Electron Spectrometer for Laser-Accelerated Electrons
Authors: Brandão Vitória M. C. , Vieira junior Nilson D. , Samad Ricardo E.
Published: December 2024

We present the development of an electron spectrometer with an imaging system to determine the energy spectrum of laser-accelerated electrons, and the equation that describes the electron deviation.
All-fiber Generation of Fractional Vortex Beams
Authors: Carrillo-Betancourt Rodolfo A. , Gómez-Méndez Josué I. , May-Arrioja Daniel A. , Velázquez-Benítez Amado M. , Cuando-Espitia Natanael , Hernández-Cordero Juan
Published: December 2024

We report on the generation of fractional vortex beams with an all-fiber device incorporating a multi-mode interferometer and a few-mode fiber. Upon combining different modes at the input, complex patterns resembling OAM beams are generated.
Novel pump architecture for high average power optical parametric amplifiers at 1.5 μm wavelength
Authors: Hettel W. , Golba G. , Larsen R. , Morril D. , Carlson D. , Thurston J. , Chang P. , Diddams S. , Murnane M. , Kapteyn H. , Hemmer M.
Published: December 2024

We report our progress developing a high average power ultrafast OPCPA at 1.5-μm pumped by a multi-channel Yb-fiber laser. The pump laser delivers 200-μJ, 250-fs pulses at 1-MHz repetition rate and parametric amplification was demonstrated.
Tight Focusing of Fractional Ellipse Field Polarization Singularities
Authors: Pal Sushanta Kumar , Rusch Leslie A.
Published: December 2024

We study the tight focusing of fractional ellipse field polarization singularities. For these optical fields, the strengths of transverse components at the focal plane depend on the value of the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam.
The Role of Optical Pumping on the Line Profile of the 6P State in 85Rb for the Double Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Mringie Dorothy K , Nyakang’o Elijah Ogaro , Rurimo Geoffrey Kihara
Published: December 2024

A theoretical framework to determine how optical pumping affects the 85Rb 6P state's line profiles. Precise measurement is challenged by the line broadening effect of optical pumping, which makes it hard to resolve the peaks.
Inverse-Designed Metasurface for Multidimensional Spatial State Reconstruction
Authors: Niu Yuming , Wang Kai
Published: December 2024

We report inverse-designed nonlocal metasurfaces for transforming multidimensional states of light represented in the Hermite-Gaussian basis into optimally designed spatial states, where a simple imaging can accurately extract the full multidimensional state including amplitude, phase, and coherence.
Manipulating Incident Light to Create Complex States and Control Spatial Correlations in SPDC
Authors: Wang Tianhong , Bassène Pascal , N’Gom Moussa
Published: December 2024

We use a spatial light modulator (SLM) to precisely control the pump beam of a type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process and generate complex SPDC signals. The method can be extended to a type-II phase-matching and stacked type-I crystals.
Linewidth Reduction of Optical Self-Injection-Locking for Quantum-Dot Coherent-Comb Lasers
Authors: Qi Yang , Song Chun-Ying , Poole Philip J. , Liu Guocheng , Liu Jiaren , Mao Youxin , Vachon Martin , Weber John , Barrios Pedro , Xie Xiaoran , Zhao Ping , Rahim Mohamed , Waldron Philip , Lu Zhenguo
Published: December 2024

An optical self-injection-locking feedback loop is designed for quantum-dot coherent-comb lasers to reduce linewidth, achieving significant linewidth reduction from 5.958MHz to 3.483kHz and maximum 35dB intensity enhancement, providing promising potential for diverse applications.
Simultaneous co-existence of polarization-entangled photons and classical signal for quantum networks in C band
Authors: Pathak Nishant Kumar , Kanseri Bhaskar
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate the coexistence of polarization-entangled photons and classical signals in the C band at a received power within most receivers’ sensitivity, enabling direct-to-home quantum key distribution.
Phase Behaviors of MMI Couplers and Their Application to Spectrally Flat WDM Optical Filters
Authors: Jeong Seok-Hwan , Park Heuk , Lee Joon Ki
Published: December 2024

Phase behaviors of several types of 2:2 MMI couplers were theoretically identified and experimentally demonstrated in a Si-wire waveguide-based interferometer scheme. Optimization of the aforementioned MMI phase properties could make the Si-wire-type optical demultiplexer more efficient and easier to fabricate.
Dynamic Emission Control using Epsilon Near Zero Media
Authors: Mambra Arun , Pant Ravi , Mitra Joy
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate active emission tailoring from quantum emitters embedded in a low-loss Epsilon Near Zero (ENZ) thin film by controlling the coupling between non-radiative and radiative modes using a simple device architecture.
Optimization and Characterization of Foundry Fabricated SiN Mode Converters for Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance for On-Chip Laser Diodes
Authors: Begović Amir , Zhang Meng , Crowley Daniel , McDonough Colin , Dikshit Amit , Huang Zhaoran Rena
Published: December 2024

We present and characterize various coupler designs developed in the AIM Photonics Foundry for efficient mode conversion from integrated lasers to on-chip waveguides, focusing on maximizing alignment tolerance.
Slant-Path Dual-Comb Spectroscopy to a Tethered Balloon
Authors: Kasic James F. , Walsh Mathieu , Cossel Kevin C. , Dexheimer Darielle N. , Ding Roger , Ruiz Carlos , Van Tassel Aaron , Urayama Junji , Schwindt Peter , Coddington Ian R.
Published: December 2024

Dual-comb spectroscopy was used to sample kilometer-scale paths between the ground and a tethered balloon on a flight exceeding 500 m altitude. Active tracking maintained signal while vertical profiles of CO2 and H2O were measured.
Wafer-scale fabrication of low-noise vacuum-gap Fabry-Pérot resonators with 10–13 stability
Authors: Jin Naijun , Liu Yifan , Nakamura Takuma , Cheng Haotian , McLemore Charles A. , Halladay Samuel , Luo Yizhi , Mason David , Diddams Scott A. , Quinlan Franklyn , Rakich Peter
Published: December 2024

We present a wafer-level fabrication method for compact vacuum-gap Fabry-Pérot resonators. With fractional frequency stability better than 10
−
13 at 1 second, these resonators are well-suited across a range of applications as low-noise optical frequency references.
AI-assisted superresolution of two practical point sources
Authors: Sajia Abdelali , Benzimoun Bilal , Khatiwada Pawan , Zhao Guogan , Curley Reshawna , Qian Xiao-Feng
Published: December 2024

We investigate super-resolution of two spatially separated practical point sources using machine learning. High fidelity of over 90% is achieved for separations that are 16 times smaller than the conventional resolution limit.
2D-material enhanced plasmonic biosensor using electrostatic optical phase modulation
Authors: Zhu Shaodi , Huang Ting , Lv Haifei , Luo Wei , Gao Zhaoli , Ho Ho-Pui , Yuan Wu
Published: December 2024

We have successfully demonstrated motion-free active optical phase modulation on a plasmonic biosensor enhanced with 2D-material, achieved through electrostatic gating. Our experiment revealed a voltage-regulated lateral beam shift on the plasmonic sensor surface.
Real-Time Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Microalgae with Dual-Frequency Comb
Authors: Lin Liang-Chun , Malarich Nathan , Erickson Richard , Jimenez Ralph , Washburn Brian , Coddington Ian , Cossel Kevin
Published: December 2024

Dual-frequency comb is a powerful tool for its high sensitivity, broad spectral bandwidth, and real-time detection properties. In this paper, we utilize mid-infrared dual-frequency comb to monitor the carbon fixation and nitrous oxide emission process from microalgae in real-time.
Metasurface with an Asymmetrically Varying Point Spread Function for Single-shot Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Choi Hyeongyu , Park Yeongmyeong , Son Hyunwoo , Jeong Yoonchan
Published: December 2024

We propose a single-shot hyperspectral imaging system operating in the 400 – 700 nm wavelength range, based on a complex amplitude metasurface with an asymmetrically varying point spread function with respect to wavelength.
Measuring subcellular cAMP levels using FRET-based biosensing and confocal microscopy
Authors: Banik Debasmita , Annibale Paolo
Published: December 2024

Accurate measurement of second messenger levels underpins our ability to model subcellular compartments. We combine confocal-based sensitized emission fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to tailored data analysis to extract accurate concentrations of nuclear cAMP.
Multifocusing for Spatial Metasensing Live Cells?
Authors: Saha Abhirupa , Gupta Bhaskar
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate a multi-focusing visible light sensor that diagnoses through multiple locations on live cell lines to tissues. The designed graphene grown on an all-dielectric metalens distributes, bends, and spatially focuses impinged light for multi-spectral imaging cells useful for remotely augmented surgery.
Correlative Imaging Approaches to Bioindicator Element Distribution in Skin Tumors
Authors: Kopřivová Hana , Kiss Kateřina , Stejskal Václav , Krbal Lukáš , Buday Jakub , Brunnbauer Lukas , Képeš Erik , Pořízka Pavel , Kaška Milan , Limbeck Andreas , Kaiser Jozef
Published: December 2024

This study uses laser ablation techniques LIBS and LA-ICP-MS to bioimage elements of skin tumors and extends traditional histological examination with innovative approaches.
Generation of Multiple Bound States in the Continuum without Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Ochiai Tetsuyuki
Published: December 2024

We present a scenario to generate multiple bound states in the continuum (BICs) in photonic crystal membranes without breaking system symmetries. It involves the accidental BIC at a critical parameter for a doubly degenerate eigenmode at the Γ point. The two bands with the degenerate eigenmode at Γ exhibit the multiple off-Γ BICs at off-critical parameters. The k dot p perturbation explains some features of the multiple BICs.
Enabling elliptically polarized high harmonic generation with short cross polarized laser pulses
Authors: Ghomashi B. , Walker S. , Becker A.
Published: December 2024

Based on results of numerical simulations we shed new light on a controversy between experiment and theoretical predictions on the generation of harmonics with large ellipticity using cross-polarized bichromatic laser pulses.
Nondegenerate Two-photon Lasing in a Single Quantum Dot
Authors: Hazra Samit Kumar , Addepalli Lavakumar , Pathak P. K. , Dey Tarak Nath
Published: December 2024

We propose a two-mode, two-photon microlaser using a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) grown inside a two-mode microcavity. We explore incoherent and coherent pumping mechanisms incorporating phonon interaction at low temperatures. In coherently pumped QD, large two-mode, two-photon lasing occurred due to the reduced single-photon emission.
Compiling Machine Intelligence on Optoelectronic Systems
Authors: Englund Dirk R
Published: December 2024

The hardware limitations of conventional electronics in deep neural network (DNN) applications have spurred explorations into alternative architectures, including architectures using optical- and/or quantum- domain signal processing signal processing subroutines. This work investigates the scalability and performance metrics—such as throughput, energy consumption, and latency—of various such architectures, with a focus on recently developed hardware error correction techniques, in-situ training methods, initial field trials, as well as extensions into DNN-based inference on quantum signals with reversible, quantum-coherent resources.
Perceptually-guided Multi-color Holograms unlock Brighter Images in Holographic Displays
Authors: Akşit Kaan
Published: December 2024

This talk introduces an emerging hologram type known as Multi-color holograms. These holograms can provide brighter scenes and improve refresh rates in standard holographic displays without requiring any major hardware modifications in these displays.
Quantum-Optical Characterization of High Harmonic Emission from Non-Centrosymmetric Solid-State Media
Authors: Poborska Julita , Tyulnev Igor , Shiriaeva Viktoriia , Beltrán Oscar , Vamos Lenard , Biegert Jens
Published: December 2024

We characterize the quantum nature of high harmonic radiation from the non-centrosymmetric solid-state systems by measuring the intensity auto- and cross-correlation of selected even and odd harmonic orders and evaluating the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality.
Nonreciprocal thermal emission from a planar structure in transmission mode
Authors: Picardi Michela F. , Moerbeek Vera I. , Pascale Mariano , Papadakis Georgia T.
Published: December 2024

Approaching thermodynamic limits in light harvesting requires nonreciprocal thermal emission. Most of previous nonreciprocal emitters operate in reflection. We propose a pattern-free heterostructure operating in transmission mode, using a magneto-optical material embedded between two dielectrics.
Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum and Enhanced Light-Matter Interactions in GaN/InGaN Epitaxial Metasurfaces
Authors: Xu Yuan , Liu Jiangnan , Singh Anshuman , Tsai Cheng-Chia , Malek Stephanie C. , Shin Walter Jin , Wu Jiahao , Zhu Freddie (Zezhen) , Liu David (Qian) , Yu Nanfang , Mi Zetian , Soltani Mohammad
Published: December 2024

We fabricated GaN metasurfaces doped with InGaN quantum dots by templated molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) that support tunable high Q-factor quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) and demonstrated efficient optical nonlinear conversion using this platform.
Quasi-phase-matched up- and down-conversion in periodically poled transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Trovatello C. , Ferrante C. , Yang B. , Bajo J. , B  , Braun  , Peng Z. H. , Xu X. , Jenke P. K. , Ye A. , Delor M. , Basov D. N. , Park J. , Walther P. , Rozema L. A. , Dean C. , Marini A. , Cerullo G. , Schuck P. J.
Published: December 2024

Here we demonstrate quasi-phase-matched up- and down-conversion in a periodically poled van der Waals semiconductor (3R-MoS2). This work opens the new and unexplored field of phase-matched nonlinear optics with microscopic van der Waals crystals.
AlGaAs Microring Resonator Array for Dense Spectral Multiplexing and Multi-Mode Entangled-Pair Generation
Authors: Pang Yiming , Duan Liao , Castro Joshua E. , Steiner Trevor J. , Tagliavacche Noemi , Borghi Massimo , Thiel Lillian , Lewis Nick , Shimamura Amalu , Bowers John E. , Liscidini Marco , Moody Galan
Published: December 2024

We report an AlGaAs microresonator array enabling dense multiplexing of high-rate 1550 nm entangled-pair sources. Quantum combs are offset by 12.5 GHz and pumped with an electro-optic comb producing up to 4 GHz/mW2 pair rate per resonator.
Unravelling the challenge of cotrimoxazole and rifampin resistance in B. melitensis and B. abortus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beig Masoumeh , Ebrahimi Elaheh , Moradkasani Safoura , Goodarzi Forough , Sholeh Mohammad , Golab Narges
Published: December 2024

Background

Brucellosis caused by Brucella (B. abortus) and Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) poses a significant threat to human and animal populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends rifampin and cotrimoxazole as first-line treatments for pediatric brucellosis. However, emerging resistance to these antibiotics raises concerns regarding their continued efficacy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the prevalence of rifampin and cotrimoxazole resistance in B. abortus and B. melitensis.

Methods

Eligible studies were identified by systematically searching various databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases, using specified search terms until 18 June 2024. The inclusion criteria required studies in English to report the resistance proportion with sample size details. The meta-analysis utilized a random-effects model to assess heterogeneity using the Q-test and I2 statistic. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses explored temporal, geographical, and guideline-related variations in resistance prevalence.

Results

Among the 905 records, 59 studies spanning 21 countries (1976 to 2024) met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of cotrimoxazole resistance, based on 3,756 isolates, was 0.034 (95% CI, 0.017, 0.068), with increasing trends over time, especially in B. melitensis. Rifampin resistance, involving 3,938 isolates, had a prevalence of 0.046 (95% CI, 0.027, 0.077), showing temporal and species-specific increases. Subgroup analyses revealed significant variations in resistance based on temporal, geographical, and guideline-related factors.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted an alarming rise in cotrimoxazole and rifampin resistance in B. abortus and B. melitensis, particularly in pediatric brucellosis. Temporal, geographical, and species-specific variations underscore the dynamic nature of antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, surveillance, and global collaboration to preserve the efficacy of essential antibiotics in brucellosis treatment. The limitations include potential biases and the retrospective nature of the included studies, emphasizing the urgent need for standardized surveillance methodologies and robust reporting mechanisms.
A Genetic algorithm aided hyper parameter optimization based ensemble model for respiratory disease prediction with Explainable AI
Authors: Kaur Balraj Preet , Singh Harpreet , Hans Rahul , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Sharma Chetna , Hassan Md. Mehedi
Published: December 2024

In the current era, a lot of research is being done in the domain of disease diagnosis using machine learning. In recent times, one of the deadliest respiratory diseases, COVID-19, which causes serious damage to the lungs has claimed a lot of lives globally. Machine learning-based systems can assist clinicians in the early diagnosis of the disease, which can reduce the deadly effects of the disease. For the successful deployment of these machine learning-based systems, hyperparameter-based optimization and feature selection are important issues. Motivated by the above, in this proposal, we design an improved model to predict the existence of respiratory disease among patients by incorporating hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. To optimize the parameters of the machine learning algorithms, hyperparameter optimization with a genetic algorithm is proposed and to reduce the size of the feature set, feature selection is performed using binary grey wolf optimization algorithm. Moreover, to enhance the efficacy of the predictions made by hyperparameter-optimized machine learning models, an ensemble model is proposed using a stacking classifier. Also, explainable AI was incorporated to define the feature importance by making use of Shapely adaptive explanations (SHAP) values. For the experimentation, the publicly accessible Mexico clinical dataset of COVID-19 was used. The results obtained show that the proposed model has superior prediction accuracy in comparison to its counterparts. Moreover, among all the hyperparameter-optimized algorithms, adaboost algorithm outperformed all the other hyperparameter-optimized algorithms. The various performance assessment metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, AUC, and F1-score, were used to assess the results.
A bibliometric analysis using a newly developed model and a customizable research tool: A case study of researcher mobility in Sweden
Authors: Dobre Silvia , Herbert Rachel , Shijie Ding Alvin , Pohl Hans
Published: December 2024

Researcher mobility is an integral part of the way research is conducted and of a researcher’s career. Its effects on collaboration networks, research impact and knowledge flows drive countries and institutions to quantify and understand this activity. The purpose of this study is to test a new researcher mobility model which was developed and prototyped as a customisable research tool to provide a unified perspective on mobility at macro (national), meso (institutional) and micro (individual) levels. The approach includes multidimensional perspectives, including temporal, geographical, sectoral, directional mobility, that could be used for benchmarking and trend analyses. The model quantifies research mobility volumes and qualifies the mobility flow additional researcher characteristics and productivity indicators. We tested the tool among Sweden’s higher education sector, observing researcher mobility patterns between 1992–2021. Results show a high degree of variability in researcher mobility patterns across institutions, especially when considered by career age. Larger higher education institutions in Sweden tend to see a high level of inter-university mobility: most of the Outflow researchers have international mobility and were affiliated with organisations from diverse sectors. Smaller universities are more adapted to attract early- and retain late-career researchers. One university was identified as an incubator for early-career researchers that go on to high levels of mobility. Another university achieved higher mobility rates by facilitating short-term mobility abroad. The study highlighted a shift in the countries of destination for the Inflow early-career researchers: fewer were affiliated with USA, UK or Japan, while other countries became more prominent (China, Germany, Netherlands, Spain) and new destinations emerged (Brazil, India, Iran). The study emphasized that visiting researchers are consistently more productive, and their research impact is generally higher. With the help of our advanced model, we present a detailed picture of mobility in Sweden and demonstrate the power of this customisable tool.
Impact of climate change on the distribution of insectivorous bats: Implications for small-scale farming in southern Mexico
Authors: Ureta Carolina , Ramírez-Barrón Mercedes , Ruán-Soto Felipe , Kolb Melanie , Martínez-Cruz Adán L. , Gasparello Giovanna , Sánchez-Cordero Víctor
Published: December 2024

Bats provide important ecosystem services for agriculture, such as pest control, a function that is particularly relevant for small-scale farmers. However, climate change is causing a decrease in bat populations. To assess the potential impacts of climate change on insectivorous bats and the implications on small-scale farming of indigenous communities in the Chiapas Highlands in southern Mexico we developed a three-step protocol: (1) projecting distribution shifts of insectivorous bats under climate change scenarios using non-dispersal and limited-full dispersal assumptions, (2) using official information to estimate the average economic value of conducting chemical pest control in crops at a state level, (3) surveying small-scale farmers to estimate the local economic value of pest control and determine how bats are perceived by small-scale farmers. Our models project shifts in bat species due to climate change. Given that new suitable climatic areas are also projected, if we assume a limited-full dispersal scenario, bats might not be as at risk by climate change, but shifting their distribution to more suitable habitats will probably affect the dynamic of the ecosystem service they provide. The official estimated value of chemical pest control is $15.15 USD/ha, while the estimated cost resulting from a hybrid survey with small-scale farmers was $47.53 USD/ha. The difference in cost could be related to an overuse of insecticides for pest control or an increase in price due to reduced accessibility. Sixty percent of surveyed farmers perceived a decline in bat populations, 68% were unaware of the benefits that bats provide to their crops, 51% believe that bats are mainly hematophagous, and 10% recognize that people harm or kill bats. A new approach including communicating small-scale farmers in their native languages the benefits that insectivorous bats provide along with a pest management strategy for the efficient use of insecticides needs to be implemented.
Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenease and its correlation with inflammatory factors in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Liu Dan , Cheng Chuchu , Zhou Lan , Zeng Qiqiao , Zi Tao , Chen Gongyi , Sun Hongyan , Li Cunzi , Wang Jun , Yang Ming-Ming
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its correlation with inflammatory factors, elucidating the regulatory role of G6PD in DR pathology.

Methods

A total of 151 T2DM patients were divided into three groups: diabetes without retinopathy (DNR, n = 59), non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR, n = 46) and proliferative retinopathy (PDR, n = 49). Plasma G6PD activity was measured by a Randox G6PD kit and compared between these groups. Then the G6PD activity was correlated with inflammatory cytokines and metabolic parameters in these patients. A STZ-induced diabetic rat model was established, G6PD activity was validated by western blot and immunofluorescence staining in the retina of this model.

Results

Plasma G6PD activity decreased in the order of DNR, NPDR and PDR groups (P<0.01). G6PD activity was negatively correlated with IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cholesterol, and LDL (r = -0.1625, -0.1808, -0.1865, -0.1747, r = -0.1807, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed TNF-α, IL-6, and LDL were independent related factors for G6PD. Logistic regression analysis showed G6PD, triglyceride, cholesterol, IL-8, TNF-α, and macular edema were influencing factors for T2DM with DR. Western Blot analysis indicated a significant reduction of G6PD expression in the retina, and immunofluorescence staining showed distribution of G6PD especially in the retinal endothelium cell decreased.

Conclusion

G6PD may play an important role in DR occurrence and progression, with decreased expression correlating closely with lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors.
Structural and hemodynamic analysis of Weaire-Phelan scaffolds made of Ti-alloy as bone replacement component: A preclinical investigation
Authors: Bhardwaj Jaideep Singh , Chanda Souptick
Published: December 2024

In recent years, additively manufactured metallic scaffolds have generated significant interest among researchers working in the field of bone tissue engineering and orthopaedic implants. Although such intricate, porous architectures are promising as bone substitutes, they need to be thoroughly tested for structural robustness as well as their capacity for bony integration. In this present work, we introduced and preclinically evaluated the biomechanical viability of Weaire-Phelan (WP) Ti-alloy scaffolds as bone replacement components. Two distinct groups of WP scaffolds, namely WPA and WPD, of varying porosities were examined for comparative assessment. Finite element (FE) analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and uniaxial compression tests were performed on 3D printed as-built scaffolds to comprehensively evaluate the structural, hemodynamic, fatigue and morphometric properties of the two groups. The mechanical performances of the WP scaffolds of 70%, 80% 90% porous group (relative density 0.3 and lower) were found to accord with the natural trabecular bone tissue. However, WPA scaffolds demonstrated slightly superior mechanical performances as compared to WPD scaffolds (22%– 63% greater compressive modulus depending on the porosity). On the other hand, WPD scaffolds showed improved hemodynamic properties thereby implying enhanced osteogenic potential. Moreover, the range of effective elastic moduli corresponding to the WP scaffolds was found to be in good agreement with that of the natural bone tissue. As such, these designs were categorized based on their suitability at different anatomical sites. The overall performance metrics of the WP scaffolds underscore its potential for improved osseointegration, structural conformities and greater capacity for customization with enhanced manufacturability.
Health professionals’ stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness: A cross-sectional study in a referral hospital in Uganda
Authors: Abaatyo Joan , Nyemara Novatus , Ashaba Scholastic
Published: December 2024

Background

Health professionals in primary care settings show stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness (PMI), leading to undermined quality of care delivered. However, information is sparse on stigmatizing attitudes of health professionals towards PMI in Uganda. This study aimed to discover the levels of stigmatizing attitudes towards PMI and associated factors among health professionals in Uganda.

Method

We enrolled 254 health professionals at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in a cross-sectional study. Community attitude towards mental illness-2 (CAMI-2) scale was used to assess stigmatizing for attitudes. Linear regression was used to determine factors associated with level of stigmatizing attitudes.

Results

The average overall CAMI score for all participants was 91.1±16.6. Nurses/midwives compared to doctors had significantly higher total CAMI score (p<0.001), and higher malevolent (p = 0.01) and non-acceptance attitudes (p = 0.02) than doctors. Doctors had significantly lower authoritarian attitudes than clinical officers, (p = 0.004). Being male (aCoef: -4.86; p = 0.02), increase in compassion satisfaction (aCoef: -0.44; p = 0.02), and increased mental health knowledge (aCoef: -2.90; p = <0.001), increased likelihood of having lower levels of stigmatizing attitudes, while being a non-psychiatric health professional was associated with higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes (aCoef: 12.08; p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Health professionals exhibit moderate levels of stigmatizing attitudes towards PMI and stigmatizing attitudes are more among nurses/midwives. Various steps including providing education and training on mental illness, promoting community integration and social inclusion, and advocating for policies, should be taken to reduce stigmatizing attitudes of health professionals towards PMI.
Exploring caregiver experiences and support needs in end-of-life care for people living with HIV: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Kokorelias Kristina M. , Eaton Andrew D. , Wasilewski Marina , Redublo Tyler , Sirisegaram Luxey
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives

End-of-life care supports individuals in the last few weeks or months of their life and their caregivers, offering psychosocial support, symptom management and relief, and resources. While some of the first public end-of-life care facilities were established due to HIV/AIDS, the current needs of caregivers for people living with end-stage HIV are not well understood. Caregivers provide two-thirds of the care for people living with HIV, yet their specific support needs and experiences are under-researched. Existing strategies often use a “one-size-fits-all” approach, which may not address the unique challenges faced by these caregivers, such as stigma and lack of social support. This study aims to synthesize the literature on the end-of-life care experiences and needs of caregivers for individuals living with HIV.

Research design and methods

A scoping review, guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s recommendations, will be conducted. An Information Specialist will assist in developing a search strategy to be applied across databases like Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Search results from each database will be imported into Covidence software for duplicate removal and title and abstract screening. Two researchers will independently screen studies using the ‘Population–Concept–Context’ (PCC) framework, with screening conducted at two levels: title and abstract, and full-text. The inclusion criteria will be piloted on a random sample of articles to ensure inter-rater agreement (kappa statistic >0.61). Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or with the involvement of a content expert if needed. Final selections will be reported using the PRISMA flow diagram, and reasons for exclusion will be documented.

Discussion and implications

The findings from this scoping review will provide valuable insights into the end-of-life care experiences and support needs of caregivers for individuals living with HIV. By identifying common themes and challenges, such as caregiver fatigue, emotional strain, stigma, and lack of social support, this study will underscore the inadequacy of the current “one-size-fits-all” approach in addressing the unique needs of these caregivers. This research has the potential to influence both clinical practice and policy by advocating for more personalized support strategies within end-of-life care settings.
Synergistic potential of lopinavir and azole combinational therapy against clinically important Aspergillus species
Authors: Burns Nicolas , Salama Ehab A. , Seleem Mohamed N.
Published: December 2024

Aspergillus fumigatus is a widely distributed pathogen responsible for severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Triazoles are the primary treatments options for Aspergillus infections; however, the emergence of acquired resistance to this antifungal class is becoming a growing concern. In this study, we investigated the potential of the antiviral drug, lopinavir (LPV) to restore the susceptibility of A. fumigatus strains to a set of azoles, while also reducing the required azole dosage for treatment of susceptible isolates. The combination of LPV with either itraconazole (ITC) or posaconazole (POS) demonstrated potent synergistic interactions against 16 out of 23 (~70%) and 21 out of 23 (~91%) A. fumigatus isolates, respectively. Moreover, the combination showed synergistic activity against other clinically important Aspergillus species, including A. niger, A. flavus, and A. brasiliensis. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) for the combinations ranged from 0.18 to 0.313 for ITC and 0.091 to 0.313 for POS, indicating strong synergistic effects. Further investigation revealed that efflux pump inhibition contributed to the synergy observed between azole and LPV. Morphological examination of the fungal cells subjected to this combinational therapy at sub-inhibitory doses showed the presence of carbohydrate granules/patches. The identification of LPV as a promising adjunct therapy holds promise for addressing the emerging challenge of azole resistance in Aspergillus species and improving treatment outcomes for patients.
Transboundary sky waters in the Middle East: Definition, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Dezfuli Amin , Zaitchik Benjamin F.
Published: December 2024

Transboundary water disputes in the Middle East have increased in recent years due to growing constraints on water resources. Efforts to harvest more water from the atmosphere through weather intervention projects have exacerbated existing conflicts. Here, we propose that atmospheric water vapor should be recognized as a transboundary resource that involves substantial uncertainty. As such, this note serves as a starting point for characterizing various components of this concept, the knowledge gaps, and a roadmap to address those gaps. These efforts would reduce uncertainties and help integrate the sky water into transboundary water negotiations and collaborative understanding.
PunkTok: Identity and dressing the part
Authors: Cano Kendal , Sklar Monica
Published: December 2024

Punk is a subcultural community and lifestyle whose dress and aesthetics have been incorporated into the mainstream fashion industry and popularized beyond self-identified punks. However, punk styles maintain their anti-hegemonic design symbolism and still act as cues for punks. ‘PunkTok’ formed as the result of individuals using the social media platform TikTok as a self-presentation and communication vehicle to showcase the complexities of their punk identity. With the application of general themes from Goffman’s dramaturgical analysis, this research aims to understand how dress and TikTok technical capabilities are used to communicate personal identity, community identity and authenticity in the US punk community on TikTok. The findings reveal that contextual information, such as hashtags, and the demonstration of knowledge and experience are integral to identifying and authenticating PunkTok dress and identity. Intersectionality revealed itself to be a key theme in the research and impacted the choices made by the PunkTokers.
Mannequins, muses and maids: Redressing the objectified woman in Phantom Thread and Mrs. Harris Goes to Paris
Authors: Tegan Mary Beth
Published: December 2024

Dresses in the films Phantom Thread (2017) and Mrs. Harris Goes to Paris (2022) are powerful objects. Designed by the fictional Reynolds Woodcock and a fictionalized Christian Dior, the gowns are treasured by most consumers for their beauty and social cachet. But for the working-class heroines who emerge from the shadows to demystify the ‘fashionable’ bodies that produce and consume haute couture, the dresses are ‘ghostly matter’ that not only manifest creative genius and superb workmanship but function as wearable ‘actants’ that transform their lives. Informed by Sartrean existentialism and affect studies, this article examines the gendered dimensions of mid-twentieth-century haute couture production and consumption as they are represented in the two films. Woodcock’s troublesome muse exposes the techniques through which his collectively produced designs are ‘personalized’, while the Dior-desiring charwoman of Mrs. Harris demonstrates her own ‘complex personhood’ as well as that of the instrumentalized ‘hands’ who labour in his name.
Fire Weather Observations
Authors: Moore Gillian
Published: December 2024

This project documents the confluence of weather and wildfire in visual first-person. Combining journal entries from the fireline, weather observations, collated map archives, and the vestiges of keenly registered physical experiences, this project explores the complicated physical and psychological testimony of fighting fire on the landscape. Beginning on a fire assignment in Idaho, June 2022, fire maps became a finely annotated record, documenting across days the collaborative forces of fire, topography, and weather. Now spanning multiple fire seasons, each cartographic entry gives a specific if cryptic window into the details that drive such labors upon the landscape. Adjoining the maps is a burgeoning compilation of fire-weather observation ledger book pages, decomposing, weathered, and continuously updating. These works coalesce into a post-fire material meditation. They are accompanied by a written narrative detailing one day plucked from many represented throughout this project.
Chance of Shadows
Authors: Gifford David
Published: December 2024

An observational memoir unraveled from pandemic poetry about duck behavior interacting with the weather. The writing thread induces memory as non-sequential, and employs parataxis in vignettes, with no claims to live up to a Nature as individually experienced by a reader. Excerpted from a work in progress, a non-manual on Drawing entitled The World of Minuses.
Humans in a Bottle: Material and Immaterial Ecosystems
Authors: Turns Soft
Published: December 2024

Presenting their experiences as artists and researchers, Soft Turns question the western scientific compulsion to fully ‘know’ a subject, and the human desire to control one’s environment, which extends beyond the visible into the air around us. Noting parallels in the history of the internet and meteorology, they discuss examples of human intervention in thermodynamic systems such as the failed Biosphere 2 experiment, controlled environment agricultural and space travel research, and the energy intensive data centre industry. Critiquing capitalism’s dependence on extractive, exploitative growth in both material and immaterial dimensions, they argue that in our current climate emergency, investing in strategies to loosen western thinking and control is critical. With examples from their artistic production, they suggest that slowing down, learning from other ways of knowing the world, and looking to plants and other intelligences can all contribute to a reactivation of an empathetic, intimate engagement with our environments.
Untitled (Weather), 1999–2001
Authors: Waltemath Joan
Published: December 2024

This piece documents a panoramic abstract painting in high-resolution detail. The image is an exploration of weather as atmosphere (invisible but sensible) and the materiality of the way the pigment has been applied. It represents our relationship to natural forces and the environment, which can only be conceived of in discrete frames and moments in time.
Cities of God
Authors: Modigliani Leah
Published: December 2024

Artist and scholar Leah Modigliani presents and writes about her series of photographs Cities of God. These collages show fragments of cities destroyed by natural disasters, digitally rebuilt on the surface of micrometeors. Named after Saint Augustine’s theological reckoning with the fall of Rome in the 5th century, the artwork responds to the irreconcilable differences between an individual’s place in the world and the scale of global climate disaster.
Ensaios de cisalhamento simples na areia da praia de Ipanema
Authors: Emanuel de Sá Schuck Tiago , Nascimento Aguiar Vitor , Faquim Jannuzzi Graziella Maria , Sampaio Ferraz Jardim Sayão Alberto
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o comportamento tensão-deformação-resistência da areia da Praia de Ipanema/RJ, Brasil, em ensaios de cisalhamento simples (DSS), realizados em corpos de prova cilíndricos secos, cisalhados a volume constante sob carregamento monótono de deformação controlada. Os corpos de prova foram moldados em classificações de compacidade relativa (CR) que variaram de fofo a muito compacto, e cisalhados a partir de valores de tensão vertical inicial (s0) que variaram de 25 a 750 kPa. Os resultados permitiram avaliar a influência de s0 e do índice de vazios pré-cisalhamento (epc) no comportamento tensão-deformação durante o cisalhamento simples.
Enhancing Local-Level Democratic Processes Within a Hybrid Regime: Insights Into Participatory Budgeting From Józsefváros, Budapest
Authors: Gosztonyi Márton
Published: December 2024

Our study describes a rigorous evaluation of the participatory budgeting (PB) initiative in Józsefváros, Budapest, for the years 2022 and 2023, examining its capacity to enhance democratic mechanisms within a semi-autocratic, hybrid regime. We contextualize PB in the broader landscape of participatory democracy, drawing parallels between global practices and Hungary-specific dynamics. Utilizing a comprehensive comparative methodology, we explore three critical dimensions: the evolution of participation, the trajectories of ideation, and patterns in voter behavior. Our findings reveal measurable growth in Józsefváros’s PB across these domains, noting increased participant engagement, voter turnout, and idea diversity. This underscores the potential for enhancing democratic participation even in illiberal regimes. Nonetheless, the impact of this emerging initiative remains concentrated within a specific subset of the Józsefváros populace, highlighting the imperative of deploying broader and more inclusive strategies to ensure its sustainability.