bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of 3D-Printed Bimetallic Component
Authors: Obiko Japheth , Shongwe Brendon , Malatji Nicholus , Bodunrin Michael , Kassim Mariam
Published: May 2024

The book chapter reports on hybrid manufacturing (wire-arc additive manufacturing and metal forming) of 3D-printed bimetallic structure parts. After 3D printing, the metal flow behaviour of the printed material was studied using a Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The test conditions were temperature range 850-1000°C and strain rate of 1s−1 and 10s−1 to strain of 0.6. The results show that the initial microstructure of the bimetallic structure had excellent bonding properties. The flow stress-strain curves increased with a decrease in deformation temperature and vice versa at a given strain rate. The study developed a constitutive equation that predicts the metal flow behaviour of the material studied. From the analysis, the material constants were a stress exponent of 4.76 and an activation energy of 213.7 kJmol−1. The study indicates that this method (hybrid manufacturing) is possible in the industrial production process.
Optimized Throughput-Based Broadcasting for Next Generation Wireless Networks
Authors: Pandey Digvijay , Pandey Binay Kumar , Nassa Vinay Kumar , Mahajan Darshan A. , George A. Shaji , Dadheech Pankaj
Published: May 2024

Remote areas benefit from lower costs for transporting enormous amounts of data between a source node and multiple networking devices. Noise and constraints necessitated a 64 kb/s broadcaster. Bit defect rates, abnormalities, and frequent retransmission prevented data movement.This could greatly minimize channel usage. The maximum transmission unit distance was 64B. Data packet size limits exacerbated issues. Massive data traffic, connection imprecision, and changing topology affect network structure, making data dissemination from source nodes to all devices difficult.This book chapter suggests using an advanced throughput optimal broadcast in point-to-multipoint wireless networks to improve wire-less link precision by using the Mayfly optimization method, a recent swarm intelligence soft computing technique, to improve geometrical configuration of interfering terminals and forecasted per-flow throughput
Parental Practices Through the Eras
Authors: Wallace Douglas S.
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines changes in parental practices over time and their cultural influences across different countries worldwide. It discusses differing eras of ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, and India, followed by the medieval era, the Industrial Revolution, the twentieth century, postmodernism, and beyond, to illustrate the historical impacts on family life and parenting styles and their contribution to the development, well-being, and academic success of children. Tracking these parental trends over time will demonstrate parental practices that were consistent throughout time versus those that were adjusted and changed due to governing edicts and cultural transitions, and impact these practices had on childhood development and success both now and moving forward. Further areas explored are the impact of cultural trends, gender roles, social expectations, economic trends, and family law. The chapter reviewed the influence of technological advances such as social media and artificial intelligence (AI) on parenting and educational success.
Encouraging Parental Support After Grief and Loss to Promote Developmental Well-Being and Educational Success
Authors: Lascano Danielle , Watkins Kristen Elizabeth , Howard Carissa J.
Published: May 2024

Life changes abruptly after the death or loss of an important figure in a child's life. It is often difficult for children and teens to express the feelings that come with grief. With a lack of experience in coping skills and communicating their feelings, children rely on parental caregivers to help support their navigation through bereavement for the success of their wellbeing. Without intentional support, children are at risk for long-term negative effects that often are seen in academic performance and home or school behavior. A decrease in mental and emotional wellbeing often occurs without support. This chapter provides important information on understanding grief and loss in children, the implications grief has on children and teens, and activities and resources for caregivers to support the bereavement journey.
AI-Powered Recommendation Systems and Resource Discovery for Library Management
Authors: Sivasankari R. , Suriya S. , Sindhu S. , Shyamala Devi J. , Dhilipan J.
Published: May 2024

Libraries face the difficulty of maintaining huge volumes of information while offering users effective resource discovery in the fast-expanding digital world. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a significant change in library administration. This chapter explores the use of AI, with an emphasis on recommendation systems and knowledge discovery. AI-powered recommendation systems provide personalized ideas, increasing user engagement and making content research easier. AI-powered resource discovery technologies extract important insights from enormous collections, assisting in trend analysis and resource summaries. The collaboration of these AI-powered technologies transforms the library experience, making it more user-centric, efficient, and enriching. This chapter demonstrates how AI-powered recommendation systems and resource discovery may convert libraries into dynamic, responsive organizations at the forefront of information distribution.
Navigating the Impact of AI Integration in Higher Education
Authors: Ghandour Dina Ahmed Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence has gained significant traction in various industries, including education, due to its potential to improve academic outcomes. However, the rapid advancement of technology raises concerns that educational discourse may lag behind in understanding its pros and cons. Thus, this chapter examines ethical considerations when incorporating AI into higher education institutions, with the aim to develop a conceptual framework to provide various stakeholders with precise guidelines.
Predicting Tomorrow's Air Quality Today
Authors: Narasimhan D. , Vanitha M.
Published: May 2024

One of the major environmental issues of the 21st century is air pollution, which is receiving attention from all over the world. Numerous researchers have looked at the problem and tried to use a variety of techniques to predict concentrations of airborne pollutants with accuracy to lessen it. This chapter offers a thorough analysis of AQI prediction techniques, highlighting the combination of time series models, deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML). The survey follows the development of AQI prediction over time, covering both conventional statistical techniques and the use of meteorological information. The survey sheds light on the changing field of predictive modelling in atmospheric research by exploring the advantages, disadvantages, and relative performance of different models. This survey attempts to assist policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in the selection and application of appropriate models for efficient environmental quality tracking and administration by analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy.
Qualitative Data Analysis
Authors: Pham Cuong Huy
Published: May 2024

Qualitative research has gained traction in applied linguistics, particularly language education, as it offers situated perspectives on teaching and learning practices and individual differences. However, qualitative data analysis is an onerous process that is contingent on an array of elements, including the settings encompassing the research, researchers' subjectivity, and the nature of the collected data. This chapter focuses primarily on approaches to qualitative data analysis, the significance of context in interpreting qualitative data, and procedures for transcribing and coding data. It also discusses the role and extent of influence of researchers on data analysis and methods of triangulation. Two prominent tools, i.e. content analysis and thematic analysis, are presented in detail showcasing the underlying principles, the steps involved in data analysis, and their respective values and limitations. The chapter concludes with a summative emphasis on major attributes of qualitative data analysis and researchers' role in analyzing and interpreting qualitative data.
Ethnography
Authors: Mahmood Rizgar Qasim
Published: May 2024

This chapter offers an exploration of ethnography, a key methodological approach in contemporary social research. Beginning with its origins and principles, the chapter outlines the ethnographic research process, including data collection and analysis methods. Practical examples from applied linguistics and L2 education illustrate its application. The chapter delves into the nuanced aspects of ethnography, enhancing understanding of its investigative potential. It also discusses the relationship between ethnography and theories, along with ethical considerations in research. Overall, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview and practical insights for engaging with ethnographic research in academic domains.
Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Pham Cuong Huy
Published: May 2024

Narrative inquiry has made significant contributions to contemporary research in applied linguistics for its versatility in accounting for the multiple voices of participants and offering contextually embedded insights into social phenomena. As narratives represent the accumulation of knowledge and experience within and across time, space and social relationships, this line of inquiry provides rich understandings of participants' lifeworld and their constructions of personal meaning. This chapter discusses the epistemology and ontology underpinning narrative research, the role of narrative inquirers and the ethical dilemmas they encounter. It then presents narrative frames, visually mediated narratives, and critical incident narratives as three prominent tools for data gathering, and recent empirical research to illuminate how they have been utilized for particular research purposes and in different contexts. The final section concerns three analytical approaches frequently adopted in narrative research including thematic analysis, discourse analysis, and narrative writing.
Induction Programs for Early Career Agriculture Teachers
Authors: Tummons John D. , Disberger Brandie , Rada Lavyne L. , Mott Rebecca L.
Published: May 2024

Learning to teach is a complex task. Beginning teachers face a myriad of evolving challenges related to teaching, lesson planning, content knowledge, classroom management, time management, and managing intracurricular programs. In response to these challenges, many state agricultural education leaders have implemented formalized induction programs to support early career teachers. Induction programs vary in scope, goals, delivery methods, components, and structure. Beginning teachers utilize a constellation of mentors. As teachers mature, they gain self-efficacy and become more efficient at lesson planning but remain busy as extra time is filled with other responsibilities. Individualized mentoring and feedback are key to delivering induction to meet the unique needs of teachers. Research from the Agricultural Education Magazine provides information on current induction practices. Authors propose future research in induction program structure, impact of induction programs, alternative and traditional induction support, and mentoring and coaching through induction.
Data Fusion for Destination Success
Authors: Gaafar Hebat Allah Ali , Al-Romeedy Bassam Samir
Published: May 2024

The integration of MKIS and BDA, along with data fusion techniques, can lead to more targeted and effective marketing strategies for touristic destinations. This can result in better customer satisfaction, increased visitor numbers, and higher revenue for the destinations. By leveraging data fusion, touristic destinations can gain a deeper understanding of tourists' preferences and behaviors. This understanding can enable them to provide personalized and tailored experiences, leading to higher visitor satisfaction and loyalty. The chapter aims to shed light on the integration of MKIS and BDA in the marketing of touristic destinations and highlight the potential of data fusion for destination success. By bridging the gap between traditional marketing information systems and the advanced analytics capabilities of big data, this chapter seeks to empower touristic destinations with actionable insights for effective marketing strategies and improved visitor experiences.
Harnessing Smart Technologies for Sustainable Water Resources Management in Water-Scarce Environments
Authors: Elshaikh Ahmed , Mabrouki Jamal , Mohamed Ahmed Abobaker Osman
Published: May 2024

This chapter delves into the pivotal role of AI and smart technologies in tackling water scarcity through sustainable water resource management. It commences with an overview of water scarcity's background, underscoring its impact on the environment and society and emphasizing the significance of sustainable water resource management catalyzed by AI and smart technologies. The challenges posed by water scarcity, including contributing factors and effects on ecosystems, agriculture, and human health, are thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, it discusses the principles of sustainable water resource management, integrating environmental, social, and economic factors, alongside successful initiatives. The chapter also highlights opportunities for future research, fostering innovation, stakeholder collaboration, and implementation strategies. The conclusion emphasizes the ongoing necessity for innovative approaches to combat water scarcity, showcasing the enduring environmental, societal, and economic benefits gleaned from advanced technologies in sustainable water management.
Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Treatment
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Kalia Namisha , Malik Sunik , Kumar Ravish , Desai Malhar , Sharma Anuradha , Grewal Gurpreet Kaur
Published: May 2024

Regenerative medicine involves the use of stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of differentiating into specialized types depending upon their origin. The purpose of this book chapter is to introduce stem cells, their characteristic features, source of stem cells, and their culturing and cryopreservation procedures. The important breakthrough in this field was Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and directed differentiation. IPSCs made it possible to use patient's cells for regenerative medicine and altogether preventing transplantation rejections. Stem cells have many applications in healthcare including tissue repair and regeneration, to generate disease models, drug testing and discovery and gene editing. Here in this chapter, the authors have discussed applications of stem cell therapy for treating Leukemia, autoimmune, eye diseases, skin disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetic foot ulcers. The relevance of stem cells as disease models is becoming important as the use of animals in research is refrained and reduced.
Exploring Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Nanophotonic Applications
Authors: Nazeer Nazim , Ratre Pooja , Zaidi Kaniz Zehra , Gurjar Vikas , Dewangan Rakhi , Bhargava Arpit , Mishra Pradyumna Kumar
Published: May 2024

In the realm of nanophotonics, there has been a noticeable increase in demand for semiconductor nanomaterials over the past few years. Quantum dots (QDs) have captured global scientific attention due to their unique optical properties. QDs comprise a semiconductor material core surrounded by a shell with a wider bandgap, which determines their optoelectrical properties. This chapter looks closely at various types of QDs, including carbon-based, perovskite, colloidal, magnetic QDs, and metal-based QDs. The authors examine different methods of surface functionalization and doping to optimize the performance of QDs. QDs have numerous applications in biomedical imaging and nanosensing. QDs are highly suitable as they demonstrate excellent photostability and bright emission, making them ideal for use as both fluorescent detectors and reporter molecules in laser scanning confocal microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, molecular spectroscopy, and flow cytometry.
Computational Spirometer Using Arduino Nano Application
Authors: Kanna R. Kishore , Raja Ramya , Keerthana V. , Keerthika K. , Thrisha L. , Pham Long Tam
Published: May 2024

Spirometer is a pulmonary function test that assesses the strength of our lungs to measure the maximum amount of air that is breathed in and out. During physical therapy, spirometers are frequently employed to evaluate lung capacity and chest responsiveness. Yet, the majority of spirometers accessible in the market are both digital and come with a high cost. which cannot be affordable for a large population. A portable spirometer prototype designed for measuring lung volume and air flow rate can also serve to monitor a patient's health progress, particularly post-recovery from respiratory ailments. such as COVID, asthma, etc. The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a massive toll on medical infrastructure, and this was especially true at the inception of this project. The proposed spirometer in this work is based on Arduino NANO and is It proves particularly valuable for individuals recovering from COVID-19 to evaluate their lung efficiency in the comfort of their own homes.
Emerging Technologies and Future Directions
Authors: Singh Manali , Bhutani Shivani , Chaudhary Parul
Published: May 2024

“Miniaturization” leads to add a spark of revolution in digitally electronic gadgets by way of decreasing their sizes in such a manner that they convert from microelectronics to nanoelectronics. Initially in this era “lab on chip” is used to demonstrate the miniaturized skinny-movie and they are built up by using the biosensors. Later on, the loc represents tools which are based on the microfluidics miniaturization that may be used to reduce the cost and also in order to achieve numerous laboratory operation from a single device so they are designed in such a way to have many more functions to be fitted on that chip. Numerous styles of inorganic, natural and composite substances are hired to assemble primary design loc gadgets. The important foundation of expertise including basic electrophysiology and implemented electrotherapy was built within the 18th century and is now intellectually and generally established. This string of innovations and studies has shown initial use of meta-analyses, the elementary combination of scientific or bioengineering and also the view of cardiac monitoring now acts as a pillar within the sanatorium custody of patient. With the aid of identifying the quality controls-associated sports of pharma groups, startups, and academia inside the domain of drug discovery and improvement, we show that qc has attained the grip over the stakeholders, that there is recognition on producing advantages associated with extreme accuracy, and there is a need of participation within the exceptionally vibrant quality control ecosystem. To elevate the productiveness in drug R&D, the pharmaceutical enterprise depends on the superficial innovation and on advancements in pc-aided drug layout the use of classical computing.
Tribal Tourism
Authors: Gade Jayaprakashnarayana , Johnpaul M. , Miryala Ramesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Tribal tourism is an important junction of cultural discovery and sustainable development, providing unique insights into indigenous cultures' ways of life while creating economic possibilities and protecting cultural legacy. This literature-based research offers an anthropological look into tribal tourism in India, analyzing its implications for cultural preservation, sustainable development, and community empowerment. This research analyzes major themes and trends in tribal tourism after conducting a thorough examination of academic literature, government papers, and industry publications. It investigates the complex interactions between visitors and indigenous people, emphasizing the significance of cultural sensitivity, equitable partnerships, and community participation in tourism development programs. Furthermore, the study investigates the function of ethnographic research methodologies in understanding the sociocultural dynamics of tribal tourist destinations, highlighting the need of respectful collaboration and ethical issues. Furthermore, this study examines the influence of tribal tourism on sustainable development, namely its ability to produce cash, offer job opportunities, and encourage environmental conservation practices among indigenous communities. It also tackles issues including cultural commercialization, loss of authenticity, and the importance of responsible tourist practices in mitigating negative effects and ensuring the long-term viability of tribal tourism operations. Finally, this literature-based study adds to our understanding of the complex relationship between tribal tourism, culture, and sustainable development, providing insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners looking to promote responsible and inclusive tourism practices that benefit both indigenous communities and visitors.
Research on Environmental Protection of Rural Ecotourism Based on PSR Model
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Liu Qiwei
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the relationship between rural ecotourism development and environmental protection in Province A, utilizing the PSR model and GAs. It employs a detailed evaluation of indicators in the tourism economy and ecological environment modules, using mathematical modeling and weight coefficient calculations to assess the impact of tourism activities. GAs are used to navigate the complex problem space inherent in balancing economic development with ecological sustainability. By analyzing data from 2005 to 2018, the coupling degree between tourism economy and ecological environment gradually increased from 0.1 to 0.6398. The results indicate a strengthening relationship between tourism economy and ecological environment, moving towards good or high-quality coordination. The degree of coupling, as measured by the PSR model, reflects the evolving interaction between rural tourism development and environmental protection. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability in rural areas.
Genetic Diversity of Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) Grown in Ghana Based on Morpho-Descriptors and SSR Markers
Authors: Twumasi P. , Asare P. A. , Afutu E. , Amenorpe G. , Addy S. N. T. T. , Prempeh R. N. A. , Donkor E. F.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Limited information is available on the diversity of tiger nuts in Ghana for improvement. Therefore, evaluating the genetic diversity via the use of morphological descriptors and molecular markers (SSR) should generate substantial evidence to reveal the variability among and within the crop.Research Method: Forty-two (42) accessions of Cyperus esculentus Lativum were collected from major tiger nut cultivation areas (phytogeographic zones) in Ghana and evaluated using 11 morpho-descriptors and 9 SSR markers to assess variability among and within the tiger nut accessions and underlined causes.Findings: Significant differences were observed among the accessions in terms of percentage inflorescence (p≤0.01), distance of the last tiller from the main plant (p≤0.05) and the number of tubers per stand (p≤0.05). Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis grouped the accessions into seven clusters including one large heterogenous cluster at 0.94 Euclidean distance, and genetic distance ranged from 0.8 to 1.00. The SSR profiling revealed 141 alleles across 41 of the accessions used for the molecular study with a mean PIC value of 0.78 ± 0.15 and mean observed heterozygosity of 0.12 ± 0.16 coupled with four heterotic UPGMA cluster groupings including one large heterogenous cluster at a similarity coefficient of 0.88. The high variability among the accessions for some of the traits, and the low genetic variability within the accessions in cluster groupings for both morphological and SSR evaluations suggested some level of admixture of genes over years of cultivation.Originality/ Value: The current study has identified some accessions for improvement. Also, it has contributed to knowing some SSR markers that would amplify tiger nuts for future molecular study for breeding enhancement.
The Trend of Agricultural Sector Resilience in Indonesia During 2008-2020
Authors: Siregar A. P. , Darwanto D. H. , Irham  , Mulyo J. H. , Jamhari  , Utami A. W. , Pranyoto A. , Sugiyarto  , Perwitasari H. , Wirakusuma G. , Widada A. W. , Fadhliani Z. , Widjanarko N. P. A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The agricultural sector has an essential role in developing the economy of Indonesia (food, feed, raw materials for industry, contributor to gross domestic product, and labor absorption). For decades, this business field has survived (positive economic growth, while most of the business field faces contraction) during the country’s economic shock (financial crisis, economic setback, and pandemic situation). Thus, this study aims to measure Indonesia’s agricultural sector’s resilience and trends.Research Method: Secondary data have been collected from various sources: The UN Comtrade, World Bank, Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Bank Indonesia, and Investing Coordinating Board of Indonesia. Moreover, principal component analysis is used to determine the index of agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia, while trend analysis is employed to investigate the development of the resilience index from time to time.Findings: The resilience of the agricultural sector varies from time to time. However, it is statistically proven (a = 1%) that resilience tends to increase over the last twelve years.Research Limitations: The variables to determine the agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia consist of trade balance, agricultural terms of trade, total investment, government spending in the agricultural sector, total credit, agricultural workers’ income, and percentage of agricultural workers to total workers. It is suggested that the future study, employed non-agricultural parameters such as environmental conditions and research and development budget to capture a more comprehensive situation on agricultural sector resilience.Originality/ Value: This study contributes to the renewal of the literature on the resilience of the agricultural sector. Moreover, the variables used to represent the parameters of agricultural development in Indonesia may be applied in other countries.
Breeding and Early Development of an Endemic, Endangered Freshwater Fish Aplocheilus dayi in Captivity
Authors: Priyadarshana M. K. C. , Walpita C. N. , Patabandi P. P. S. K. , Wickramanayake D. D. , Naveenan M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Aplocheilus dayi (Ceylon Killifish) is a freshwater fish endemic to Sri Lanka, but its conservation has not received much attention as uncontrolled fishing for ornamental purposes and many other human activities have posed significant threats to its survival. Therefore, this study aimed to provide baseline information on the development of a captive breeding system and to study the embryonic and larval development of A. dayi.Research Method: Matured A. dayi fish were acclimatised for two weeks prior to the experiments. A suitable breeding substrate to facilitate successful spawning was identified using two substrates; spawning mop, and sand while no substrate was used as the control. The subsequent breeding experiment (to find the best sex ratio) was performed using different sex combinations (Male: female 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:4). Subsequently, eggs were collected and analysed for fertility, hatchability, and embryonic development studies.Findings: Spawning mop seemed to be the most preferred spawning substrate for A. dayi. Egg parameters, including fertilisation rate and hatchability, were not significant upon the sex ratios; however, the ratio between male: and female (1:2) had the highest significance (p<0.05) in egg production (4 eggs/day). Moreover, we found that A. dayi eggs showed a lengthy incubation period (11 - 13 days at 25±1 °C), indicating their dormancy nature to bypass the hostile conditions before being hatched.Research Limitations: The breeding pattern under captivity needs to be examined over an extended period in different experimental settings, such as using other culture techniques with varying density ratios.Originality/Value: A. dayi can be successfully bred in captivity, and further this study gives the readers factual information on the embryonic development of A. dayi.
Strategies to Improve the Performance of Health Work Assistants at District General Hospital Kalutara
Authors: Jayalath M. P.
Published: May 2024

Background: A high level of performance of the employees is mandatory to improve the quality of healthcare service rendered to the patients. Performance is a function of the interaction between an individual’s motivation, ability, and environment. It was highlighted that the Health Work Assistants (HWA) working at District General Hospital (DGH) Kalutara are poorly motivated leading to underperformance.Objective: To identify strategies to improve the performance of HWAs working at DGH Kalutara.Methods: Issues related to underperformance were identified using a problem tree analysis. The underlying causes were tabulated against a set of criteria. Prioritization was done based on; the technical feasibility of the alternative interventions, and the impact of the issue on the institution and the patients. Poor employee motivation was selected for further analysis based on the prioritized value.Results: Absenteeism, unavailability of streamlined induction training and regular in-service training, poor attitudes, poor employee motivation and family and social issues were identified as the main issues related to the poor performance of HWAs working at DGH Kalutara. “Intrinsic factors” and supervisor-related factors were selected to plan interventions based on the prioritized value.Conclusion: Providing opportunities for achievements, advancements, and personal growth, through recognition for HWAs’ hard work, dedication, and achievements. Improving their sense of responsibility by improving their relationship with supervisors and improving the quality of supervision.
An assessment of the vehicle operations and transport services in RDHS office Colombo
Authors: Gandeepan T. , Premadasa S. N. B. , Rahulan K. , Kasthuri T.
Published: May 2024

Background: Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka, RDHS Colombo has a large population to deliver healthcare services with their existing resources in a unique way when compared to other RDHS divisions in Sri Lanka. Vehicle Management Systems save time, money, and hassle. By optimizing the vehicle management system, we can gain a better operational view, improve patient care, eliminate inefficient vehicle use, prevent vehicle misuse and related resources and reduce downtime.Objective: To analyse the existing system and challenges in vehicle operations and transport services in RDHS office, ColomboMethods: This is a descriptive case study. The information to assess the structure and function of existing vehicle operations and transport services was gathered by interviewing key informants and desk review. Based on the assessment problems were identified and prioritized. Nominal group technique was adopted for prioritization.Results: Six major problems were identified. Lack of training and education for drivers and non-implemented disciplinary procedures was selected as the problem for further analysis based on the weightage given by the members of the nominal group. It was given higher weightage due to the rising concerns about the health hazards following accidents and vehicle repairs.Conclusion: The study reveals that frequent changes in vehicle subject clerks may lead to a lack of supervision of drivers and there are no institutional guidelines for periodic staff training.Recommendations: The study recommends preparing institutional policies on vehicle maintenance and providing training and education to drivers. In addition, it is suggested to appoint a disciplinary committee to expedite the disciplinary procedure following accidents and vehicle maintenance. It also recommended as a long-term solution to prepare a term of reference (TOR) on annual transfers of drivers for the ambulances and other vehicles based on vehicle maintenance, accident history, discipline and seniority and do periodic surveillance to ensure vehicle registration, renewing tax and insurance, maintain logbook and repair summary, and maintenance and accident summary and ensure disciplinary process.
Case study on Provincial Specific Development Grant allocation for Regional Directorate of Health Services, in Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Rahulan K. , Sathiyamoorthy T. , Roshan G. Paul , Seralathan T. , Mathurahan S. , De Alwis S.
Published: May 2024

Background: The case study delves into the Provincial Specific Development Grant (PSDG) allocation for the Regional Directorate of Health Services (RDHS) in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. The Western Province, being the smallest and most densely populated, comprises three RDHS divisions: Colombo, Gampaha, and Kalutara. This study assesses the methodology used for PSDG apportionment, considering factors such as demography, epidemiology, health status, and annual regional performance.Objective: To assess the methodology used for the apportionment of PSDG to RDHS regions of Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara by PDHS, WP.Methods: Examining health sector expenditure, demographic and health status indicators, and regional performance, the study highlights the need for a clear system to generate, collect, and interpret performance data.Results: The study identifies "Annual Regional Performance" as the prioritized problem. Lack of a clear system for data management, inadequate performance information, and traditional monitoring practices contribute to this issue. The study recommends implementing Result-Based Management (RBM) approaches at the provincial level, to conduct workshops on RBM to build awareness among regional officers, to develop Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for measuring medium-term results and ensure fair PSDG allocation through scientific criteria and a scoring system.Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of a systematic and scientific approach to PSDG allocation, aiming for efficient and equitable distribution to address the unique needs of each RDHS region.
Assessment to improve the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nursing Officers on Shift Handover at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya
Authors: Wimalagunarathne K. W. R. , Chaminda U. G. G. , Withanachchi K.
Published: May 2024

Background: The handing over and taking over process is the transfer of professional responsibility and accountability for some or all aspects of care for new person or team at the change of shift from the outgoing worker/s to the incoming worker/s. It is a vital and effective communication essential to maintain patient safety and quality of care.Objective: To assess and improve the knowledge, attitudes and practices on shift handover of nursing officers at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Teaching Hospital Karapitiya.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all registered Nursing officers at NICU, TH Karapitiya, using a self-administered questionnaire, an observational checklist and key informant interviews from 03rd to 31st of January 2022. Awareness enhancing discussions and a self-assessment check list of shift handover of nursing officers were introduced and implemented to streamline the process.Results: The level of the knowledge on shift handover/ taking over is below the expected value (58%). Mistakes/errors in some aspects of patient handover practices were observed by a checklist. Improvements were observed.Conclusion: Level of the knowledge on shift handover/ taking over is below the expected standard. Mistakes/errors in some aspects of patient handover practices were observed. A Self-assessment check list of shift handover of nursing officers could be utilized to mitigate handing-over errors and to provide quality and safe health care service.
Holistic Approach in Strengthening of Primary Health Care Service
Authors: Panapitiya L. , Ranasinghe S. , Jayakody P. , Amadoru S. , Siraj M. I. , Gunathilaka U.
Published: May 2024

Sri Lanka is currently facing a demographic and epidemiological transition, which includes the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD), immerging, and re-emerging of communicable diseases. Further, Population ageing in Sri Lanka is accelerating at a faster rate than in other South Asian countries. Primary Health Care, often abbreviated as ‘PHC’, has been defined by World Health Organization as “an approach that in whole society that aims at ensuring the highest possible level of health and well-being and their equitable distribution by focusing on people’s needs and as early as possible along the continuum from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care, and as close as feasible to people’s everyday environment". Currently, there is a dichotomy in PHC as preventive and curative aspects.Reversing the service utilization pattern would likely yield substantial efficiency gains that maximize the benefit of existing resources as well as maximal utilization of higher-level institution for needy critical patients, while changing PHC as popular first contact points closure to their homes providing comprehensive care package. The Key Result Areas are Strengthening Primary Health Care Service with reforms, Empowering individuals, families and communities, and Facilitating broader determinants of health. The Strategic Objectives are to meet people's health needs throughout their lives; promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitation and palliative care ensuring availability, coverage, affordability and equitable access to quality health services with appropriate technology and facilities through a team of well-trained staff in adequate number. (Equitable distribution of health care with appropriate technology and developed Health workforce), To empower individuals, families and communities to take charge of their own health through community awareness and participation (Community participation and community engagement), and to address the broader determinants of health through Multisectoral policy and action ensuring the quality of available basic needs of citizens (Multi-sectoral approach). A strategic framework was designed based on above objectives.
S100A9: The Unusual Suspect Connecting Viral Infection and Inflammation
Authors: Boucher Julien , Gilbert Caroline , Bose Santanu , Tessier Philippe A
Published: May 2024

The study of S100A9 in viral infections has seen increased interest since the COVID-19 pandemic. S100A8/A9 levels were found to be correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, cytokine storm, and changes in myeloid cell subsets. These data led to the hypothesis that S100A8/A9 proteins might play an active role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review explores the structures and functions of S100A8/9 and the current knowledge on the involvement of S100A8/A9 and its constituents in viral infections. The potential roles of S100A9 in SARS-CoV-2 infections are also discussed.
Rare Neck Venous Anatomy Anomalies - A Case Report
Authors: Agarwal Anchal , Bhola Nitin , Jose Anu , Mishra Gaurav , Chourdiya Shrenik
Published: May 2024

Rationale:

Knowledge of the venous systems of the neck is important in microvascular anastomosis as well as to avoid unintended bleeding during neck dissection.

Patient Concerns:

We present three rare variations of the jugular system of the neck which could have complicated neck dissection.

Diagnosis:

The first case is of a posterior tributary from an internal jugular vein (IJV). The second case is an IJV with increased diameter of 3 cm and the third case is an aneurysm of the external jugular vein.

Treatment:

Careful dissection was carried out to avoid complications and to preserve the vessels for microvascular anastomosis.

Outcome:

No complications were encountered intraoperatively and post-operatively.

Take-away Lessons:

Variations from normal anatomy should be dealt with caution to avoid complications and to perform surgery precisely and efficiently.
Measurement of retinal and optic nerve head blood flow in glaucomatous individuals compared to normal individuals: an optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Sanad Amr M. , Mahgoub Mohamed M. , Ebeid Weam M. , Mahmoud Rabab A.
Published: May 2024

Study aim

Identifing quantitative differences in retinal and optic nerve head blood flow detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in moderately to severely affected glaucoma eyes of primary open angle type versus normal individuals.

Patients and methods

Comparative noninterventional observational prospective research has been performed on 28 eyes (16 individuals). Participants went through examination and imaging protocols. Data were collected during the period from January 2020 to May 2020. The study population was split into two cohorts: the first cohort included 14 eyes of nine individuals who suffered from glaucoma of open-angle type (moderately to severely affected), and the second cohort included 14 eyes of seven normal sex-matching and age-matching individuals.

Results

We documented a reduction in the vessel density of both the optic nerve head area (P<0.001) and superficial retinal areas in glaucomatous eyes (P<0.001), and this reduction shows statistical significance.

Conclusion

Quantitative OCT angiography analysis proved affection of both peripapillary and macular vessel density in glaucoma of open-angle type, signifying the OCT angiography role in understanding the disease’s underlying etiology.
Medial rectus resection versus plication in basic type intermittent exotropia
Authors: Hegazy Hanan S. , Mansour Mona N.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To compare the efficacy of unilateral recession-resection (RR) versus unilateral recession-plication (RP) in basic-type intermittent exotropia (X (T)).

Patients and methods

A prospective study included 27 patients, aged 10–45 years with a diagnosis of basic type of X (T), divided into two groups: group I (14 patients) underwent RR and group II (13 patients) underwent RP, follow-up period was 3 months following surgery. Successful outcome defined as postoperative exophoria/exotropia less than 10 Prism diopters (PD) to esophoria/esotropia less than 5 Prism diopters.

Results

Postoperative, the success rate was 71.43% in group I and 76.92% in group II, without significant difference (P=0.683). Patients with fair and good control of deviation preoperatively had more chances of success than patients with preoperative poor control (OR=12.0, 95% CI = 1.482–97.179, P=0.020), other factors including the age, preoperative angle, surgical procedure, errors of refraction had no significant association with successful surgical outcome.

Conclusion

Both the RR and RP procedures exhibit comparable effectiveness in treating basic-type X (T). Plication may be chosen as a substitute tightening technique due to its additional benefits over resection. Poor Preoperative control of deviation decreased the chances of a successful outcome.
Incidence and management of intraocular lens opacification after primary phacovitrectomy for combined cataract and diabetic vitrectomy
Authors: Al-Naimy Mohammed A. , Khairy Marwa A. , Alagorie Ahmed Roshdy , Deiaeldin Yasmine A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the incidence, risks, and sequelae of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic intraocular lens (IOL) opacification in diabetic patient’s undergone primary phacovitrectomy, and suggest the best management plan for IOL opacification.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study included 42 eyes of 42 diabetic patients scheduled for primary combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy in Alpha vision center in the period from July 2021 to November 2022 for significant cataract and any cause that indicates pars plana vitrectomy in diabetic patients like unresolved vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment, combined traction rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, subhyaloid hemorrhage, and epiretinal membranes or combination of these pathologies. Hydrophilic IOLs were implanted in half patients while hydrophobic IOLs were implanted in the other half. All patients were followed up for their primary retinal pathology and for monitoring the incidence and progression of any IOL opacification. Patients who developed IOL opacification were examined for its visual impact and those who needed IOL exchange were scheduled for another surgery. Surgical details of the second intervention and any adverse events were recorded.

Results

Seven (33.3%) cases in hydrophilic group developed IOL opacification while no cases developed opacification in hydrophobic group (P=0.009). Five patients with IOL opacification required IOL exchange, with either secondary implantation of sulcus three pieces IOL or iris claw that resulted in significant improvement of patient’s vision. One patient of those undergone IOL exchange developed progressive secondary neovascular glaucoma. A statistically significant association between diabetic control and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and the development of IOL opacification in hydrophilic group was noticed.

Conclusion

Diabetic patients who require primary phacovitrectomy have higher incidence of hydrophilic IOL opacification that may affect their vision and the sequelae of IOL exchange is considerable. So, it is recommended to use hydrophobic IOL in these patients. Tight glycemic control post diabetic vitrectomy may play a role in preventing the IOL opacification especially in implanted hydrophilic IOLs.
MicroRNA-150-5p-mediated Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, G1/S Transition, and Migration in Bladder Cancer through Targeting NEDD4-binding Protein 2-like 1 Gene
Authors: Rao Pinlang , Li Jianmin , Xiong Junhui , Shen Siyao , Zeng Jingwen , Zhao Hong
Published: May 2024

MicroRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p) has been implicated in the progression of several cancer types, yet its specific functional role and regulatory mechanisms in bladder cancer (BC) remain largely unexplored. Our study revealed significant downregulation of miR-150-5p and upregulation of NEDD4-binding protein 2-like 1 gene (N4BP2L1) in BC tissues compared to controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Reduced miR-150-5p expression correlated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, while increased N4BP2L1 levels were associated with larger tumor size by the Chi-square test. Functionally, miR-150-5p exerted significant inhibitory effects on BC cell proliferation, migration, inducing G0/G1 phase arrest, and apoptosis. We confirmed N4BP2L1 as a direct target of miR-150-5p in BC cells using luciferase reporter assay. Crucially, N4BP2L1 knockdown mimicked, while overexpression counteracted the inhibitory impacts of miR-150-5p on BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, N4BP2L1 overexpression reversed miR-150-5p-induced alterations in CDK4, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, PCNA, Ki-67, N-cadherin, Bad, and E-cadherin levels in BC cells. Based on these results, it can be inferred that the miR-150-5p/N4BP2L1 axis might constitute a promising candidate for therapeutic targeting in the treatment of BC.