bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF BIOMIMETIC CONDITIONING PRE ENDODONTIC TREATMENT ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED MOLARS
Authors: Brito Paula Orlana Alves , Carvalho Marco Aurélio , Lazari Priscilla Cardoso , Estrela Carlos
Published: February 2025

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of biomimetic conditioning (BC) (prior endodontic sealing associated with deep margin elevation and restoration of cavities) of the tooth prior to root canal treatment on the fracture resistance, mode of failure, and stresses and deformations of molars with extensive MOD cavities restored with provisional restorative material. Four groups were obtained and analyzed using the three-dimensional finite element method (in silico) and also in vitro: G1- Inlay; G2– Onlay; G3– CB inlay; and G4- CB onlay. A load of 100N was applied to the occlusal surface of the crown and the maximum principal stress (σmax), shear stress (tmax), and maximum principal displacement (umax) were checked for all the involved structures. For the in vitro study, a spherical tip with a diameter of 6 mm was centrally positioned on the occlusal surface of the tooth, and a compressive load was applied (1 mm/min) until fracture. The models with CB showed a reduction in stress and strain values compared to the models without CB, which had the stresses concentrated at the bases of the cusps. The inlay group showed the lowest fracture load values (879.9 N ±192.92), followed by the onlay group (1201.2 ±136.83), inlay+CB (1390.8 ±195.18), and the highest value was found in the onlay+CB group (1631.3 ±211.54). There was no statistical difference (p=0.123) between the onlay group and the inlay+CB group. The Biomimetic Conditioning pre-endodontic treatment increased the fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars.
Analysis and Evaluation of Safety Culture Performance in Drilling Activities at PT XYZ Upper Mile Gas South Sumatera Through Implementation of Occupational Safety Observation (PEKA)
Authors: KOMPERI Willem , SETIAWAN Edi , SUGIARTO Sugiarto
Published: February 2025

PT XYZ as one of the drilling companies engaged in the upstream oil and gas industry has developed a PEKA (Occupational Safety Observation) system which is used to monitor the risk of work accidents. This study aims to analyze the performance of safety culture in drilling activities at PT XYZ through the level of PEKA implementation using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that unsafe conditions are more dominant than unsafe actions at PT. XYZ in the period 2022 to 2024. The anomaly of unsafe actions compared to unsafe conditions at PT. XYZ is suspected to be due to biased observations or reporting. However, in general, the performance of safety culture in drilling activities at PT. XYZ upstream oil and gas in South Sumatra as measured through the implementation of PEKA has been running quite well. This is indicated by the results of multiple linear regression analysis which are significant simultaneously and partially and the level of safety culture of each variable which is at the pro-active level.
The Gl 229 System Revisited with the Line-by-line Framework: Planetary Signals Now Appear as Stellar Activity Ghosts
Authors: Deslières Ariane , Cadieux Charles , Doyon René , Artigau Étienne , Cook Neil J. , Fontanive Clémence , Vandal Thomas
Published: February 2025

Gl 229 is a well-known system hosting the first confirmed brown dwarf (BD), Gl 229 B, discovered in 1995. Subsequent radial velocity (RV) follow-up of the star unveiled, in 2014, an exoplanet on a 471 days orbit with a minimum mass of  ∼32 M
⊕. In 2020, a second exoplanet with a 122 days orbital period and a minimum mass of approximately 7 M
⊕ was reported. With its BD, now a known binary, and two exoplanets, Gl 229 has been deemed one of the most diverse systems and has sparked discussions regarding the different formation mechanisms that could have taken place around this star. This work presents a new analysis of the publicly available Gl 229 High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher data reduced with the line-by-line precision RV algorithm resistant to spectral outliers. We find strong evidence for stellar activity impacting RV measurements. Stellar activity-induced RVs were modelled with a Gaussian process trained on the activity indicator provided by the algorithm, revealing the star's rotation period at 28.9 ± 1.6 days. We show that systematic errors and stellar activity are the most likely cause of the previously reported exoplanet signals. Our analysis provides a 3σ upper limit of 9.1 M
⊕ for a planet in the system's habitable zone except for the periods close to the star's rotation period, where stellar activity worsens the limit to around 15 M
⊕.
Green UV-spectrophotometric method for estimation of esomeprazole in injection dosage
Authors: Thanoon Enas , Othman Nabeel , AL-Taee Amer
Published: February 2025

A new spectroscopic method had been proposed to determine esomeprazole in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. The method is based on the hydrolysis of esomeprazole by adding hydrochloric acid to produce a product that gives the highest absorption at a wavelength of 352 nm. In comparison, the solution of esomeprazole alone gave the highest absorption at 300 nm, indicating the suggested method gave a wave displacement. The resulting solution was soluble in water and had a molar absorptivity coefficient of 7.7 × 103 l/mol. cm. The range of estimate obeying Beer’s law was from 1–40 µg/mL with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9997. Some of the analytical constants related to the method of estimation were calculated, including stability, where the result was stable for an hour, and the Sandall sensitivity value was calculated and mentioned, 0.044 µg/cm2. The method was also applied to estimate the compound under study in pharmaceutical preparation (tablet), and reliable analytical results were obtained. The greenness of the suggested methods was evaluated, demonstrating the minimum hazardous effect on the environment.
First record of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Xizang, China, with descriptions of three new species and one newly recorded species
Authors: Shi Songlu , Bian Dongju , Tong Yanfeng , Li Shuqiang
Published: February 2025

Four species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 from Xizang, China are recognized, including three new species and one newly recorded species: T. bangla Grismado & Ramírez, 2014, T. mainling Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), T. metok Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and T. zayu Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). Descriptions, diagnoses and photomicroscopy images are provided.
Transactions collusives autour d’un service public de l’eau : une approche ethnographique
Authors: Mideso Narcisse
Published: February 2025

Une abondante littérature juridique propose des études particulièrement fouillées sur les principes gouvernant les services publics à partir de matériaux strictement juridiques : la loi, la jurisprudence, la doctrine. Mais ces matériaux de type dogmatico-doctrinal sont-ils le seul horizon d’identification et d’analyse de ces principes ? Ou alors, au regard des valeurs qui sous-tendent la nature des prestations érigées en service public, est-il possible de les identifier et les analyser autrement qu’à travers la symbolique textuelle ? C’est cette dernière perspective que propose cette contribution à partir des pratiques issues d’interactions entre acteurs locaux à l’interface de la délivrance du service public de l’eau. Cet article repose moins sur la dichotomie entre textes et pratiques, mais davantage sur la relation particulière entre les deux qu’il se propose de documenter. Les principes du droit de service public de l’eau sont alors identifiés et analysés dans l’expérience quotidienne des acteurs et non en surplomb de celle-ci.
Enhancing Early Childhood Cognitive Development via Mobile Game-Based Learning Applications: Insights and Practical Experiences
Authors: Annuar Haerul , Solihatin Etin , Khaerudin
Published: February 2025

Early childhood cognitive development is foundational for future academic and personal success. While traditional teaching approaches often overlook technology’s potential, gamebased learning applications offer an innovative solution to enhance cognitive abilities in young children. This study evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of a game-based learning (GBL) application for enhancing early childhood cognitive abilities. Using Research and Development (R&D) methodology, 40 children aged 5–6 were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups for an eight-week intervention. The application was developed through systematic needs analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. ANCOVA analysis of pre- and post-test assessments demonstrated highly significant effects (F = 2154.89, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.966), explaining 96.6% of score variations. Expert validation scores exceeded 4.6 out of 5.0, confirming the application’s quality. Qualitative feedback from teachers and parents noted substantial improvements in children’s problem-solving skills, memory retention, and critical thinking. These findings suggest that integrating GBL applications could enhance educational equity and improve cognitive development outcomes across diverse educational settings.
Por um jardim sem impérios. Reflexões sobre memórias difíceis e passados disputados
Authors: Tamaso Izabela , Raposo Paulo
Published: February 2025

Este artigo interroga a necessidade e a urgência de reagir aos atos de perpetuação colonial envolvidos nas dimensões patrimoniais, memorialistas e monumentais das narrativas históricas em espaço público. Essas dimensões, plasmadas em inaugurações celebratórias do espírito de aventura da expansão marítima, em retóricas nacionalistas acríticas e em afirmações de uma certa (“Nova”) portugalidade, de algum modo revelam o que a Revolução dos Cravos não conseguiu apagar. Serão os brasões em pedra de calçada portuguesa do Jardim do Império restos nostálgicos coloniais ou perene processo de colonialidade que nunca se dissipou? A disputa pelas narrativas nos espaços públicos servirá para pensar “qual revolução?” cinquenta anos depois?
Una realtà zibaldonica: attualità e inattualità della Proposta di premi fatta dall’Accademia dei Sillografi
Authors: Capra Andrea
Published: February 2025

Lo scetticismo di Leopardi nei confronti delle tendenze del proprio tempo è ben noto. Ma quali sono, nello specifico, le tendenze dell’Ottocento che egli critica? Soffermandosi sull’operetta Proposta di premi fatta dall’Accademia dei Sillografi e su alcuni passaggi dello Zibaldone, questo saggio sostiene che tali tendenze sono in parte riconducibili alla fede ottocentesca di poter espandere il meccanicismo di stampo deterministico derivato dalle leggi Newtoniane ad ogni aspetto della realtà. Più specificamente, Leopardi critica la fattibilità di questo progetto alla luce delle limitazioni epistemiche umane nello studio dei sistemi complessi con i quali interagiamo. Le riflessioni leopardiane, come qui mostrato, troveranno conferma scientifica nel XX secolo, con lo studio dei sistemi caotici e complessi. Volgendo lo sguardo alle Accademie dei Sillografi di oggi, il presente saggio sottolinea inoltre come la Proposta di premi, lungamente dimenticata dalla critica, sia in verità un’operetta di grande rilevanza per il XXI secolo.
La risposta del cane. Una lettura della zoopoetica di Giacomo Leopardi
Authors: Ceccagnoli Patrizio
Published: February 2025

La questione dell’animale è fondamentale per lo sviluppo del pensiero occidentale ed è chiaramente di primaria importanza anche per Leopardi, basti pensare al precoce coinvolgimento nel dibattito intorno all’idea cartesiana dell’animale-macchina, documentato nella Dissertazione sopra l’anima delle bestie del 1811, l’anno successivo alla stesura della favola giovanile intitolata I Filosofi, e il Cane. Su tale questione si radica ogni successivo sviluppo leopardiano di un paradigma anti-antropocentrico o de‑antropocentrico a partire dalla scelta di riscrivere la favola nel solco di quello che Theodore Ziolkovski ha chiamato il motivo letterario del cane filosofo.Sulle orme di Jacques Derrida e Giorgio Agamben, più che un bestiario leopardiano, questa breve ricognizione a campione di alcune presenze animali nell’opera di Leopardi, presenze canine in particolare, servirà a indagarne la produzione letteraria e a misurarne la distanza rispetto alle problematiche correnti in materia di ambiente e relazioni tra specie diverse. Le opere qui prese in esame non sono accomunate dalla semplice ricorrenza tematica della presenza animale; bensì, si configurano, nella maggior parte dei casi, come dei veri e propri esempi di zoopoetica, ossia dei testi che si basano sul coinvolgimento con l’animalità (umana e non umana).
Atividades de retextualização no ensino da oralidade
Authors: Bacan Zani Juliana , Lima Gustavo , Dolz Joaquim
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo busca dar continuidade a estudos anteriores que desenvolvemos a partir de uma experiência vivenciada no âmbito de um minicurso sobre fábulas para professores, no qual os participantes foram desafiados a encenar uma fábula escrita, transformando-a em uma fábula teatralizada (Dolz; Lima; Zani, 2020 e 2021). Acreditamos que o recorte aqui apresentado é inovador, pois tem como objetivo focalizar especificamente as potencialidades das atividades de retextualização (Marcuschi, 2004) no contexto da didática da oralidade. A teatralização de uma fábula no âmbito de um itinerário didático revelou-se bastante produtiva no sentido de se pensar acerca dos processos de retextualização em atividades envolvendo a produção de gêneros orais na escola.
The Impact of the Metaverse on the Gaming Industry
Authors: Neves Joana
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the idea of metaverse in the context of the gaming industry using the case of Epic Games. Concentrating on Fortnite and Unreal Engine, the case study describes how Epic Games has expanded its business model, leaving behind the conventional types of revenue generation and focusing on event-based virtual economies, user-generated content, and branded entertainment experiences. The research also looks at broader applications of the Unreal Engine, especially when used for industries outside of video gaming like healthcare, architecture, and film industries. Moreover, the current chapter investigates the emerging issues regarding regulation, possession of virtual assets, and essential ethical issues of the metaverse. The conclusions present ideas useful for practitioners and researchers when exploring the nature of innovations that may appear in the new environment.
Revolutionizing Retail
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: February 2025

This chapter investigates how the metaverse has affected the retail sector profoundly. It explores how immersive interactive experiences are being created from traditional shopping through the use of technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and extended reality (XR). Retailers can engage customers in novel and exciting ways, improving their overall experience by providing virtual stores and personalized environments. The chapter describes how the metaverse has developed in the retail industry and provides examples of creative business concepts and profitable endeavors. It also examines how customer behavior is evolving in virtual environments and emphasizes the advantages of incorporating metaverse components into traditional retail procedures. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the significance of calculating return on investment (ROI) for these endeavors and tackles significant ethical and privacy issues that retailers need to consider.
AI-Driven Personalized Healthcare Solutions
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , Bhargavi Yenumala , Krishna Priya R. , Darshini S. Deva
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the transformative potential of AI-driven personalized healthcare in enhancing patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare delivery. Utilizing a comprehensive literature review and analysis of current AI technologies, the research identifies key areas such as data integration, machine learning algorithms, and patient engagement strategies. The findings reveal that AI can significantly improve treatment accuracy, predict disease risks, and foster patient adherence through tailored interventions. However, challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and regulatory compliance must be addressed to ensure equitable implementation. The study concludes that while AI holds promise for revolutionizing healthcare, a collaborative approach involving stakeholders is essential for overcoming barriers and maximizing benefits. The implications of this research underscore the need for ongoing innovation and ethical considerations in the deployment of AI technologies in healthcare settings.
Harnessing Marketing Intelligence and AI to Understand Consumer Behavior in the Education Sector in Smart Cities
Authors: Pandey Amit Kumar , Chaturvedi Vijit , Yadav Jaya , Yadav D. S.
Published: February 2025

New-age marketing intelligence and AI are shaping the way the education sector harnesses consumer understanding in smart cities where digital infrastructure and technology integration is at its boom. AI-driven systems like predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms allow institutions to analyze large datasets, uncover correlations, and predict trends. For example, this data could help identify essential consumer segments such as students, parents, and educators, allowing them to target them with tailored marketing strategies. These kinds of smart city using IoT devices and real-time data deliver adaptive education systems according to various urban demands. AI can empower the marketing decision-making process with greater accuracy and relevance in campaigns. Challenges like ethical data use, privacy concerns, and equitable access will have to be addressed. Leveraging AI-driven marketing/sales intelligence will include more audiences, drive creativity and innovation into education generation that will complement sustainability and developments of smart cities.
Integrating Mobility in Multimodal Transportation Systems
Authors: Arora Manmeet Kaur , Lal Sahil , Singh Bhupinder , Ahmed Saquib , Kaunert Christian
Published: February 2025

As cities face the escalating demands of urban mobility, sustainability, and accessibility, multimodal transportation systems are gaining recognition as a solution to these complex challenges. It examines how different modes of transport (cars, public transport, bicycles, walking, and micromobility) can be integrated into seamless transport networks which improve the user experience as well as the efficiency of transport operations. The chapter outlines the challenges facing multimodal systems, including complex iteration requirements, coordination between the numerous different transportation providers, differing regulatory environments, and the need for users to adapt to integrated systems. It goes on to highlight best practices, keeping users at the centre of the agenda when introducing new integrated ticketing solutions and developing robust infrastructure to support such systems in place. It concludes with policy recommendations, stressing the need for regulatory alignment, sustainable funding frameworks, and incentives for sustainable practices.
Machine Learning and Robotics in Urban Traffic Flow Optimization With Graph Neural Networks and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Ramkumar J. , Ravindran D.
Published: February 2025

Increased congestion, inefficiency, and accidents in cities are major issues for urban traffic systems. However, rapid urbanization and increasing numbers of cars exacerbate problems that have created an environment too dynamic and sophisticated for traditional solutions like static traffic signals or road expansion. The chapter discusses the use of machine learning and robotics with graph neural networks and reinforcement learning for optimizing traffic flow. Traffic networks pose intricate relationships that GNNs model under the form of nodes and edges representing roads, intersections, and vehicles. RL allows for continuous real-time interaction through which autonomous agents learn optimal strategies; thus, better decision-making takes place in dynamic traffic conditions and the system can proactively adjust signal timings, reroute vehicles, and manage congestion. Integration of these technologies will indeed be transformative to traffic management; hence, more effective, flexible, safest transportation systems will be expected in the future.
Sustainable Urban Mobility and Smart Traffic Management
Authors: Chandra Saurabh
Published: February 2025

Urbanization and traffic congestion are rapidly worsening as an issue, and traffic optimization is necessary to improve mobility, security, and environmental sustainability. While there are diverse opportunities available, this chapter also identifies some emerging trends and technologies in traffic optimization, integration with smart city initiatives, long-term sustainability goals, etc. Advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), integration of internet of things (IoT), and connected vehicles are changing traffic management by harnessing real-time data analysis and predictive routing. By embedding traffic strategies into smart cities, data-driven decision-making and public engagement leads to urban mobility improvements. Tying traffic management to sustainability objectives is also critical to reduce greenhouse gases and facilitate active modes of transportation. Through sustainable transportation, cities can improve transportation efficiency, address environmental issues, and enhance overall quality of life.
Lightning Risk Assessment for Overhead Power Lines Using Enhanced PSO and SVL
Authors: Yang Guang
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes an advanced framework that combines enhanced particle swarm optimization with least squares support vector machine learning (PSO-LSSVM) for intelligent lightning risk assessment in overhead power line systems. Our approach integrates comprehensive feature extraction methodologies capturing both temporal and spectral characteristics of lightning phenomena with an optimized classification system for rapid risk evaluation. The PSO algorithm is specifically adapted to determine optimal LSSVM parameters, improving classification accuracy and computational efficiency. Experimental validation using data from three climatically distinct regions - a 220kV tropical coastal line, a 345kV alpine mountain network, and a 400kV desert transmission system - demonstrates the framework's versatility and effectiveness. Results show that our PSO-LSSVM framework achieves 94.6%, 94.3%, and 94.9% classification accuracy in tropical, alpine, and desert regions, respectively, representing substantial improvements over baseline methods.
“Centralisation and Sub-Specialisation”: Is it cost-effective and sustainable for the state sector oral and maxillofacial surgery services in Sri Lanka?
Authors: Jayasinghe Liyanaarachchige Anushan Hiranya
Published: February 2025

No abstract available
Distribution of carotid artery intima-media thickness among ischaemic stroke patients and its association with common risk factors - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ginneliya Dinithi Chithrani
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to describe the distribution of CIMT among ischaemic stroke patients and determine its association with common risk factors. Methods: The study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 204 ischaemic stroke patients were followed up at Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, from July to December 2023. CIMT measurements of both carotid arteries were obtained using B-mode ultrasound. Risk factor data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. CIMT values above 0.80 mm were classified as abnormal. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 21.0, with a significant level of 0.05. Results: The sample's mean age was 60.74 years (SD = 12.51). Mean CIMT for the right carotid artery was 0.87 mm (SD = 0.64), and for the left, 0.88 mm (SD = 0.50), with no significant difference between the two sides (P > 0.05). Among patients, 58.0% and 52.1% had abnormal right and left CIMT, respectively. Significant differences in CIMT were found between males and females (P < 0.05). No significant associations were observed between CIMT and hypertension or diabetes mellitus (P > 0.05). Risk of abnormal CIMT was higher in dyslipidaemic patients (OR 3.46;95% CI: 1.89–6.34, P < 0.0001). A one-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in CIMT between smokers and ex-smokers with non-smokers (P = 0.03). Hierarchical logistic regression indicated that all combined factors accounted for 39.4% of the variability in abnormal CIMT, although none emerged as significant independent risk factors. Conclusions: Abnormal CIMT was significantly associated with dyslipidemia and smoking among ischaemic stroke patients. However, further studies with comparative groups are needed to fully determine the association between CIMT and ischemic stroke risk.
Does age affect job and organisational engagement and employee performance in Zimbabwe’s health sector?
Authors: Makumbe Nyengeterai , Mashavira Nhamo , Chikove Munyaradzi , Matenda Frank R. , Sibanda Mabutho
Published: February 2025

Orientation: The ageing healthcare workforce has been an issue of concern in the health sector over the recent years. This unique demographic challenge poses numerous challenges like knowledge loss and possible skill shortages.Research purpose: This analysis seeks to examine the association between job engagement (JE), organisational engagement (OE) and employee performance (EP) of healthcare workers in Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe. Further, it assesses the moderating role of age on the association between JE and EP and OE and EP.Motivation for the study: There is restricted research on the relationship between JE, OE and EP, as well as on the moderating role of age on the association between JE and EP and OE and EP of healthcare workers.Research approach/design and method: The study’s approach is quantitative. Employing the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-17, Job and Organisation Scales and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire, the data were collected from 235 healthcare workers. Structural equation modelling was implemented to examine the relationships of interest.Main findings: Job engagement positively impacts OE, and JE positively influences EP. The positive impact of OE on EP is insignificant. Age has an insignificant moderating effect on the relationship between JE and EP and OE and EP.Practical/managerial implications: Healthcare institutions and policymakers should enforce robust intervention strategies that support JE, OE and EP.Contribution/value-add: This research immensely contributes to the existing literature on the relationship between JE, OE and EP.
Fixation of pediatric subtrochanteric fracture by T-plate
Authors: Mahran Mahmoud M.S. , Abuomira Ibrahim E.A. , Abd-Eltawab Gaber E.
Published: February 2025

Background and aim

Subtrochanteric femoral fractures are a rare occurrence in children, accounting for only 4–10% of pediatric femur fractures. We aimed to indicate the results of subtrochanteric femoral fracture fixation by small T-plate in pediatrics.

Patients and methods

This prospective case series study was performed on 20 patients aged from 4 to 15 years old, both sexes, with clinical criteria of traumatic fracture, subtrochanteric fracture in polytraumatic patient, closed fracture or open fracture G1 and G2 only, and surgery was performed 1–7 days after injury at Orthopedic & Trauma Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University Hospital, Assiut.

Results

The mean follows up period was 62.25±7.42 weeks, regarding radiographic union, 35% healed in varus, 45% healed in valgus, and 20% healed with posterior angulation, one (5%) patient had an infection, one (5%) patient had limited range of motion of knee. The mean blood loss was 63.19±20.56 ml, 70% of patients had excellent results, and 30% of patients were satisfactory. There was little statistical significance between the affected side and the unaffected side as regards hip flexion, extension, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, adduction, knee flexion, and knee extension (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Fixation of subtrochanteric femur fractures in children by T-plate is a safe and efficient treatment method with few complications, satisfactory outcomes, and few risks in children more than 8 years.
Rate of pedicle screws misplacement in fluoroscopy-guided thoracolumbar surgeries
Authors: Ahmed Moataz A.A. , El-Meshtawy Mohamed A. , Abu-Omira Ibrahim E.A. , Amr Amr A.
Published: February 2025

Background and aim

Pedicle screw misplacement rate ranged from 5 to 41% in the lumbar spine and from 3 to 55% in the thoracic spine. The study aimed to estimate the rate of pedicle screw misplacement and compare it with the rate of others.

Patients and methods

A total of 508 pedicle screws were inserted in 100 patients of varying etiologies. All patients had fluoroscopy-guided screw fixation and the position of the screw within the pedicle was assessed radiologically.

Results

A total of 117 (23%) of the screws had pedicle violations. Violation of the medial and lateral cortices occurred in 48 (9.4%) (3.4±2.3) and 18 (3.5%) (2.8±1.5) screws, respectively. Violation of the superior cortex and inferior cortices occurred in one (0.2%) (2±–) and four (0.8%) (1.8±0.9) screws, respectively. Violation of the anterior cortex occurred in 46 (9.1%) (4±1.7) screws.

Conclusion

The rate of screw misplacement in this study agreed with the other surgeons’ rates which are affected by the surgeons’ techniques.
Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation for Treating Breast Fibroadenoma of Different Sizes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Xiuying , Yang Lei , Li Zi , Yin Heng , Chen Wenzhi , Zhang Cai
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of ultrasound (US)-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with breast fibroadenoma (FA) of different sizes.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 88 patients with 245 lesions diagnosed with FA by core needle biopsy from January 2021 to November 2023 were included in this study. US-guided HIFU was performed under local anesthesia. Baseline and treatment characteristics were recorded and analyzed. FAs were divided into three groups according to the longest diameter for further analysis. After the treatment, follow-up with volume evaluation and physical examination was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results:

There were 56 FAs ≤10 mm (group 1), 144 FAs with a diameter of 10–20 mm (Group 2), and 45 FAs of 20–30 mm (Group 3). The sonication time of the three groups was 22.5 s, 45.0 s, and 83.0 s (P < 0.05). Based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation, the median nonperfused volume ratio of the three groups was 74.1%, 87.6%, and 79.2% (P > 0.05), respectively. The volume reduction rates (VRR) of the three groups were 47.3%, 77.0%, and 82.0% at 12 months after HIFU, showing statistical differences. All patients were tolerated well and there were no adverse events after HIFU.

Conclusion:

The current evidence indicated HIFU was effective and safe in treating breast FA of different sizes, and the VRR of FA >1 cm at 12 months post-HIFU was greater than that of FA <1 cm.
Expert Consensus on the Management of Adenomyosis: A Modified Delphi Method Approach by the Taiwan Endometriosis Society
Authors: Lin Chih-Wei , Ou Huang-Tz , Wu Meng-Hsing , Yen Chih-Feng ,   Taiwan Endometriosis Society Adenomyosis Consensus Group
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

To establish the expert opinions and consensus recommendations from the Taiwanese Endometriosis Society on managing adenomyosis.

Materials and Methods:

This study employed a two-round modified Delphi method incorporating a national panel of expert gynecologists to form the consensus on managing adenomyosis. The first round of the Delphi procedure involved an expert panel from the board members to evaluate the relevance of each item. In the subsequent round of votes, gynecologists affiliated with the Taiwan Endometriosis Society participated and used a 5-point Likert scale to cast votes and approve each statement. The rating scales for each item of the key recommendations were analyzed for the distribution of degrees of agreement.

Results:

The consensus for managing adenomyosis was developed, encompassing various aspects including imaging diagnosis, hormonal treatment, surgical treatment, noninvasive/minimally invasive treatment, infertility concerns, and obstetric considerations. In the first round of voting, all 25 recommendations received approval from the board members, advancing them to the second round. During the second round of voting, the majority of recommendations received either a “strongly agree” or “agree” response. There was divergence regarding the similarity of effectiveness in alleviating adenomyosis-related pain by either laparotomic or laparoscopic approaches (55% strongly agree or agree vs. 21% disagree or strongly disagree).

Conclusion:

The Taiwan Endometriosis Society expert panel has established a set of consensus guidelines for the management of adenomyosis. There are diverging opinions among experts regarding the optimal surgical approaches for resection of adenomyosis.
Role of Polyethylene Glycol in Dermatology
Authors: Patel Varniraj , Gaurav Vishal
Published: February 2025

Background:

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used in dermatology due to its excellent solubility, nontoxic nature, and compatibility with various therapeutic agents. Its applications extend from moisturizing creams to chemical peels, improving skin hydration and facilitating drug delivery. Despite its broad utility, PEG is associated with hypersensitivity reactions, including rare cases of anaphylaxis, that necessitates a thorough assessment of its safety profile. This review evaluates PEG’s therapeutic roles, safety, and dermatological applications, focusing on its pharmacokinetics, chemical properties, and potential adverse effects.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciVerse, and EMBASE databases to identify studies on PEG’s dermatological uses, including its role in treating psoriasis, acne, ichthyosis, fungal infections, wound healing, and cosmeceuticals. Studies addressing PEG’s allergenic potential were also reviewed, focusing on cutaneous reactions and rare anaphylactic events. Articles in English, published until June 2024, were included in this narrative review.

Results:

PEG’s emollient and humectant properties make it valuable in treating psoriasis, where it enhances corticosteroid delivery and reduces erythema and scaling. In acne, PEG-based salicylic acid peels offer controlled exfoliation with minimal irritation. PEG’s hydrating properties also benefit ichthyosis and wound healing by maintaining moisture and delivering antibacterial agents. In cosmetics, PEG functions as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioner. However, hypersensitivity risks, including urticaria and anaphylaxis, require cautious use, especially for allergy-prone individuals.

Conclusion:

PEG’s properties make it a useful dermatological component, though awareness of hypersensitivity risks is essential for safe clinical use. Further studies are needed to understand PEG-induced hypersensitivity and to guide safety protocols.
Trichomycosis Axillaris: A Clinicoetiological Study
Authors: Kalimuthu Abinaya , Thappa Devinder Mohan , Badhe Bhawana , Sistla Sujatha
Published: February 2025

Background:

Trichomycosis axillaris (TA) is the most common superficial bacterial infection of hair shaft, mainly of axillary hairs and producing pigmented concretions around hair shaft caused by various species of corynebacteria.

Aims and Objectives:

To study the clinical characteristics, Wood’s lamp findings, dermoscopic features, microbiological and histopathological aspects of TA, and frequency of the corynebacterial triad.

Patients and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study of 78 patients diagnosed with TA was done in a tertiary care center in South India from July 2021 to December 2022.

Results:

The mean age was 29 years. Among 78 patients, 94.8% (74) were males. Nineteen (47.5%) patients were asymptomatic, and others had malodor, staining of clothes, and itching. The flava variant was the most common [96.15% (75 patients)] with yellow fluorescence in 96.15% (75 patients) on Wood’s lamp. The brown variant, seen in 3.85% (3 patients), had no fluorescence. On histopathological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram’s, Periodic Acid–Schiff, Alcian Blue–Periodic Acid–Schiff, and Hales colloidal iron, all stained bacilli except Hale’s colloidal iron. Bacteriological culture was positive in only 34 (43.59%) cases; 29 (85.29%) grew a single organism, and five (14.71%) grew two organisms. The majority, 64.71% (22 samples), grew diphtheroids, and 41.17% (14 samples) grew Staphylococcus. Four (5.13%) patients had corynebacterial triad.

Limitations:

Cross-sectional study, small sample size, and poor culture yield.

Conclusion:

TA involves young males from rural areas, commonly in summer. The flava variant is the most common. No distinct species of bacteria (diphtheroids and staphylococci) could be related to its cause.
Demographic Perspectives and De-escalation Challenges in Pediatric Emergency Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Rivera-Koberstein Ninoshka , Agrawal Amit , Galwankar Sagar
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Medical literature on emergency care for children with special healthcare needs (SHCNs) reports the inherent challenges in the managing of these children, like limited history, distress for patients and families, and unique management requirements for healthcare teams. This study analyzed the demographic data on children with SHCNs to explore de-escalation strategies, the effectiveness of chemical de-escalation, and clinical management strategies used and compared the length of stay in the emergency department (ED) between patients who received medications and those who did not.

Methods:

This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the last 150 patients diagnosed with SHCNs across three ED s within this hospital system since July 1, 2023. Children aged 18 years or younger diagnosed with SHCNs requiring special modifications. Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal–Wallis H-test.

Results:

The demographic analysis showed that 60% of children with SHCNs were female, with a mean age of 12.3 years. The most common presentation time was 6–8 pm. autism spectrum disorder (28%) and anxiety disorder (27%) were the most frequent diagnoses, with substance abuse present in 45% of patients. Medications helped reduce the ED stay, which was statistically significant, suggesting that medications may facilitate effective de-escalation; At the same time, in a few cases, verbal de-escalation also appeared helpful. There is a need for robust documentation on verbal de-escalation strategies, such as details on patients who did not receive medications and were successfully managed verbally or required repeated reassurance.

Conclusions:

This study provides insight into the diverse challenges of managing children with SHCNs in the emergency settings. The high prevalence of substance abuse, particularly in children with autism spectrum, increases the complexity of care. While medications may reduce ED stay, further research is needed to understand this patient population’s complex needs better.
Surgical reconstruction of invasive external cervical root resorption with perforation and associated periodontal defect using novel bioceramic materials and cone beam computed tomography as a diagnostic adjunct- A case report
Authors: Thakur Vikrant , Verma Shweta , Goel Munish , Kumar Vijay , Singh Baljeet
Published: February 2025

Tooth resorption; both internal and external, occasionally occurs as an inflammatory response of the dentoalveolar apparatus to infection. Depending on the type of resorption, etiology, and the stage at which root resorption defect is detected, different treatment regimens have been proposed. This case report demonstrates the management of extensive inflammatory combined internal and external root resorption by nonsurgical endodontic therapy using a Bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS) and surgical reconstruction of resorptive defect using Biodentine. On follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, clinical and radiographic evidence revealed signs of periapical healing, arrested root resorption, and periodontal reattachment. The inclusion of cone beam computed tomography plays a crucial role in diagnosis, decision-making, and treatment planning and thus successful management of such cases having Endodontic-Periodontal involvement. As supported by clinical and radiographic findings at 12-month follow-up, treatment of cases with extensive root resorption and associated involvement of periodontium can be successfully done using bioceramic materials.
Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor levels in periodontal tissues of patients suffering from periodontitis and/or diabetes mellitus: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Babu Harshavardhana , Rath Saroj Kumar , Gupta Nitin
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives:

Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases over the years has been a subject of discussion in the field of periodontology. Search is on for novel biomarkers that designate the presence or absence of the disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one such marker investigated recently which has been seen to increase both in periodontitis and diabetes. Hence, this study was under taken to evaluate and compare the VEGF levels in periodontal tissues of patients having either periodontitis or diabetes mellitus (DM) with those having both.

Materials and Methods:

The study group was divided into the four groups of 25 patients in each group. Group A were patients having healthy periodontium and without any systemic diseases. Group B were patients having periodontitis without any systemic diseases. Group C were patients having both periodontitis and DM. Group D were patients having only DM without any periodontitis. The VEGF levels were graded into three grades of 0, 1 and 2. They were evaluated through immunohistochemistry in tissue samples obtained from all the groups.

Results:

Healthy patients generally had Grade 0 level whereas patients having only periodontitis or only DM had primarily Grade 1. Most of the patients having both periodontitis and diabetes had Grade 2 level of VEGF.

Conclusion:

The outcome of this cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between periodontitis, diabetes and VEGF levels is declarative toward a positive correlation between periodontitis, diabetes and increase in the VEGF levels.
Radiological resolution of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients in North India
Authors: Pandit Sayar Ahmad , Koul Hazique P , Saif Saniya
Published: February 2025

Background:

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious cause of death, and radiology is a corner stone of its management. No data are available from India regarding the radiological resolution of CAP in the current antibiotic era. We set out to study determine the radiological resolution of CAP.

Methods:

The study was conducted in a 1250-bedded North Indian hospital. Consecutive consenting adults admitted with CAP over a period of 2 years from July 2019 were enrolled for the study. The patients were subjected to routine investigations and radiological imaging and treated with standard antibiotic/antiviral therapy as per standard protocols and followed daily till clinical resolution and discharge from the hospital. Serial chest radiographs were taken at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after admission, and the follow-up terminated at either complete clinical or radiological resolution.

Results:

176 patients (age 20 to 90 years, median 60 years; 109 (61.9%) male) participated. Eighty-nine (50.6%) patients were current smokers. Chest radiographs revealed lobar consolidation as the most common finding (n = 97, 55.1%), followed by pulmonary infiltrates (n = 73, 41.5%) and pleural effusion (n = 6, 3.1%); 44 (25%) patients had multi-lobar consolidation The rates of radiological resolution at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks follow-up were 30%, 38.5% (cumulative 68.5%), 25.7% (cumulative 94.2%), and 5.9% (cumulative 100%) of patients, respectively. The average time taken for radiological resolution was 31.49 (±20.2) days in 70 cases, where documented. On multi-variate analysis, smoking was an independent factor for delayed radiological resolution (P = 0.007).

Conclusion:

Radiological resolution of CAP occurs in the majority (68.5%) of the patients at 4 weeks from the time of clinical presentation, with smoking as an independent risk factor for delayed (>4 week) radiological resolution. Clinicians can wait for 4 weeks to document radiological recovery unless clinical features suggest otherwise.
From ancient domestication to modern agriculture: The journey of maize cultivation in Tanzania, its implications for food security, challenges and resilience strategies
Authors: Busungu Constantine
Published: February 2025

Maize (Zea mays), first domesticated in Southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago, has grown to be a major global staple, playing an especially crucial role in Tanzania. Introduced to East Africa by Portuguese traders in the 16th century, maize gradually became part of Tanzania’s agricultural system, replacing traditional cereals like sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet in both cultivation and consumption. During the colonial era the production was relatively low. Since independence in 1961, acreage expanded significantly from 790,000 hectares to 4.4 million hectares by 2021, and production increased from 590,000 to over 6 million metric tons. This growth has made maize a crucial crop for food security and livelihoods in the country. Over 189 maize varieties have been officially certified in Tanzania, since 1950s. Currently, Tanzania rank 5th after South Africa, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Egypt in Africa maize producers. Despite these achievements, maize farming in Tanzania faces significant hurdles, including pests like the fall army worm, maize weevil, larger grain borer, and rodents, along with diseases such as maize lethal necrosis and gray leaf spot. The impacts of climate change also pose ongoing challenges to maize cultivation. Recently, maize attracted a lot of researches in various aspects. However, no published review report on history of maize production including varieties over time, problems and prospects. This paper provides an extensive review of maize history, production statistics, common varieties, research gaps and highlights resilient strategies needed for continuous innovation and support in maize cultivation to preserve its key role in Tanzania's economy and food security.
Multiple Discrimination of an Ethiopian Woman with Visual Impairment
Authors: Bihonegn Adugna Abebe
Published: February 2025

This qualitative study employed a case study design to explore the experiences of Hewan (Pseudonym), a 28-years-old Ethiopian woman  who is with a visual impairment. In order to investigate this woman’s distinct experiences, this study included two key informant  interviewees in addition to her qualitative interview. She was chosen with a purposive sampling technique since she lives in Ethiopia’s  capital city, Addis Ababa. The dynamic consequences of gender, poverty and disability on this young woman’s life is analyzed by applying  thematic analysis. This study revealed that Hewan has experienced a number of detrimental pressures such as, internalized oppression,  poverty, social marginalization and neglect, sexual discrimination, lack of access to basic necessities and poor healthcare. The results of  this study demonstrated the considerable negative effects that gender and disability stereotypes have imposed on Hewan’s psycho- emotional health. The findings also highlighted the critical need for families to be sensitive to the needs of their members and for their  society’s members so as to establish inclusive social environments.