bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inositol tetrakisphosphate limits NK cell effector functions by controlling PI3K signaling
Authors: Sauer Karsten , Park Eugene , Siegemund Sabine , French Anthony R. , Wahle Joseph A. , Sternberg Luise , Rigaud Stephanie , Jonsson A. Helena , Yokoyama Wayne M. , Huang Yina H.
Published: November 2012

Natural killer (NK) cells have important functions in cancer immunosurveillance, BM allograft rejection, fighting infections, tissue homeostasis, and reproduction. NK cell–based therapies are promising treatments for blood cancers. Overcoming their currently limited efficacy requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling NK cell development and dampening their effector functions. NK cells recognize the loss of self-antigens or up-regulation of stress-induced ligands on pathogen-infected or tumor cells through invariant NK cell receptors (NKRs), and then kill such stressed cells. Two second-messenger pathways downstream of NKRs are required for NK cell maturation and effector responses: PIP3 generation by PI3K and generation of diacylglycerol and IP3 by phospholipase-Cγ (PLCγ). In the present study, we identify a novel role for the phosphorylated IP3 metabolite inositol (1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP4) in NK cells. IP4 promotes NK cell terminal differentiation and acquisition of a mature NKR repertoire. However, in mature NK cells, IP4 limits NKR-induced IFNγ secretion, granule exocytosis, and target-cell killing, in part by inhibiting the PIP3 effector-kinase Akt. This identifies IP4 as an important novel regulator of NK cell development and function and expands our understanding of the therapeutically important mechanisms dampening NK cell responses. Our results further suggest that PI3K regulation by soluble IP4 is a broadly important signaling paradigm.
PXR and CAR single nucleotide polymorphisms influence plasma efavirenz levels in South African HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Swart Marelize , Whitehorn Heather , Ren Yuan , Smith Peter , Ramesar Rajkumar S , Dandara Collet
Published: November 2012

Background

This study investigated variation in NR1I2 and NR1I3 and its effect on plasma efavirenz levels in HIV/AIDS patients. Variability in plasma drug levels has largely led research on identifying causative variants in drug metabolising enzyme (DME) genes, with little focus on the nuclear receptor genes NR1I2 and NR1I3, coding for PXR and CAR, respectively, that are involved in regulating DMEs.

Methods

464 Bantu-speaking South Africans comprising of HIV/AIDS patients on efavirenz-based treatment (n=301) and 163 healthy subjects were genotyped for 6 SNPs in NR1I2 and NR1I3. 32 of the 301 patients had their DNA binding domains (DBDs) in NR1I2 and NR1I3 sequenced.

Results

Significantly decreased efavirenz plasma concentrations were observed in patients carrying the NR1I3 rs3003596C/C and T/C genotypes (P=0.015 and P=0.010, respectively). Sequencing resulted in the discovery of a further 13 SNPs, 3 of which are novel variants in the DBD of NR1I2. There were significant differences in the distribution of NR1I2 and NR1I3 SNPs between South Africans when compared to Caucasian, Asian and Yoruba population groups.

Conclusion

For the realisation of personalised medicine, PXR and CAR genetic variation should be taken into consideration because of their involvement in the regulation of DMEs.
Plasmodium serine hydroxymethyltransferase: indispensability and display of distinct localization
Authors: Pornthanakasem Wichai , Kongkasuriyachai Darin , Uthaipibull Chairat , Yuthavong Yongyuth , Leartsakulpanich Ubolsree
Published: November 2012

Background

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, plays a vital role in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway in malaria parasites. Two genes have been identified in Plasmodium spp. encoding a cytosolic SHMT (cSHMT) and putative mitochondria SHMT (mSHMT), but their roles have not been fully investigated.

Methods

The presence of Plasmodium SHMT isoforms in the intra-erythrocytic stage was assessed based on their gene expression using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Localization studies of Plasmodium SHMT isoforms were performed by transfection of fluorescent-tagged gene constructs into P. falciparum and expressions of fluorescent fusion proteins in parasites were observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Genetic targeting through homologous recombination was used to study the essentiality of SHMT in Plasmodium spp.

Results

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed the expression of these two genes throughout intra-erythrocytic development. Localization studies using P. falciparum expressing fluorescent-tagged SHMT showed that Pf cSHMT-red fluorescent fusion protein (Pf cSHMT-DsRed) is localized in the cytoplasm, while Pf mSHMT-green fluorescent fusion protein (Pf mSHMT-GFP) co-localized with Mitotracker™-labelled mitochondria as predicted. The essentiality of plasmodial cSHMT was inferred from transfection experiments where recovery of viable knock-out parasites was not achieved, unless complemented with a functional equivalent copy of shmt.

Conclusions

Distinct compartment localizations of Pf SHMT were observed between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial isoforms, and evidence was provided for the indispensable role of plasmodial cSHMT indicating it as a valid target for development of novel anti-malarials.
Intermittent fasting combined with calorie restriction is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in obese women
Authors: Klempel Monica C , Kroeger Cynthia M , Bhutani Surabhi , Trepanowski John F , Varady Krista A
Published: November 2012

Background

Intermittent fasting (IF; severe restriction 1 d/week) facilitates weight loss and improves coronary heart disease (CHD) risk indicators. The degree to which weight loss can be enhanced if IF is combined with calorie restriction (CR) and liquid meals, remains unknown.

Objective

This study examined the effects of IF plus CR (with or without a liquid diet) on body weight, body composition, and CHD risk.

Methods

Obese women (n = 54) were randomized to either the IFCR-liquid (IFCR-L) or IFCR-food based (IFCR-F) diet. The trial had two phases: 1) 2-week weight maintenance period, and 2) 8-week weight loss period.

Results

Body weight decreased more (P = 0.04) in the IFCR-L group (3.9 ± 1.4 kg) versus the IFCR-F group (2.5 ± 0.6 kg). Fat mass decreased similarly (P < 0.0001) in the IFCR-L and IFCR-F groups (2.8 ± 1.2 kg and 1.9 ± 0.7 kg, respectively). Visceral fat was reduced (P < 0.001) by IFCR-L (0.7 ± 0.5 kg) and IFCR-F (0.3 ± 0.5 kg) diets. Reductions in total and LDL cholesterol levels were greater (P = 0.04) in the IFCR-L (19 ± 10%; 20 ± 9%, respectively) versus the IFCR-F group (8 ± 3%; 7 ± 4%, respectively). LDL peak particle size increased (P < 0.01), while heart rate, glucose, insulin, and homocysteine decreased (P < 0.05), in the IFCR-L group only.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that IF combined with CR and liquid meals is an effective strategy to help obese women lose weight and lower CHD risk.
Assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis for therapeutic decision-making in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: a prospective clinical analysis
Authors: Essig Harald , Warraich Riaz , Zulfiqar Gulraiz , Rana Madiha , Eckardt André Michael , Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Rana Majeed
Published: November 2012

Background

Cervical metastasis has a tremendous impact on the prognosis in patients with carcinomas of the head and neck and the frequency of such spread is greater than 20% for most squamous cell carcinomas. With emerging evidence, focus is shifting to conservative neck procedures aimed at achieving good shoulder function without compromising oncologic safety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of nodal metastasis in patients presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa.

Materials and methods

This was a prospective clinical analysis of patients who were histologically diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal cavity and clinically N1 and had not received treatment anywhere else. Patients were analyzed for age and sex distribution, tumor staging, location, and metastasis.

Results

The incidence of metastatic lymph node in T4 (n=44) was the highest, that is, level I was 100% (44/44), level II was 43.18% (19/44), level III was 15.90% (7/44), and level IV was 4.5% (2/44). Level V was free of metastasis. Among T3 (n=10) lesions, incidence of metastasis in level I was 100% (10/10), level II was 20% (2/10), and level III, IV, and V were free of metastasis. Among T2 (n=6) lesions, incidence of lymph node metastasis in level I was 100% (6/6) and all other levels of lymph nodes were found free of metastasis.

Conclusion

Lymphatic spread from carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is low. Involvement of level IV is seen in only 3% of patients. A more conservative approach to the neck in patients with carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is recommended.
Effect of periodic number of [Si/Sb80Te20]
x
multilayer film on its laser-induced crystallization studied by coherent phonon spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Weiling , Wang Changzhou , Sun Mingcheng , Li Simian , Zhai Jiwei , Lai Tianshu
Published: November 2012

The periodic number dependence of the femtosecond laser-induced crystallization threshold of [Si(5nm)/Sb80Te20(5nm)]
x
nanocomposite multilayer films has been investigated by coherent phonon spectroscopy. Coherent optical phonon spectra show that femtosecond laser-irradiated crystallization threshold of the multilayer films relies obviously on the periodic number of the multilayer films and decreases with the increasing periodic number. The mechanism of the periodic number dependence is also studied. Possible mechanisms of reflectivity and thermal conductivity losses as well as the effect of the glass substrate are ruled out, while the remaining superlattice structure effect is ascribed to be responsible for the periodic number dependence. The sheet resistance of multilayer films versus a lattice temperature is measured and shows a similar periodic number dependence with one of the laser irradiation crystallization power threshold. In addition, the periodic number dependence of the crystallization temperature can be fitted well with an experiential formula obtained by considering coupling exchange interactions between adjacent layers in a superlattice. Those results provide us with the evidence to support our viewpoint. Our results show that the periodic number of multilayer films may become another controllable parameter in the design and parameter optimization of multilayer phase change films.
Reduced expression of microRNA-100 confers unfavorable prognosis in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Sheng , Xue Sheng , Dai Yuanqing , Yang Jianfu , Chen Zhijun , Fang Xiwu , Zhou Wensheng , Wu Wei , Li Qingwen
Published: November 2012

Objective

MicroRNA-100 (miR-100) has been demonstrated to be downregulated in bladder cancer tissues, and enforced expression of this miRNA may inhibit cell growth and colony formation of human bladder cancer 5637 cells in vitro. However, the clinical significance of miR-100 in human bladder cancer has not yet been elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of miR-100 in this disease.

Methods

Expression levels of miR-100 in 126 pairs of bladder cancer and adjacent normal tissues were detected by TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. In order to determine its prognostic value, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results

Expression levels of miR-100 in bladder cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in adjacent normal tissues (mean expression level: 2.6 ± 1.2 vs. 3.9 ± 1.5, P < 0.001). When categorized into low vs. high expression, low miR-100 expression was negatively associated with the stage (P = 0.01), the recurrence (P = 0.008), the progression (P = 0.01), and the death (P < 0.001) of patients with bladder cancer. Moreover, low miR-100 expression clearly predicted poorer PFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, low miR-100 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (P = 0.01) and OS (P = 0.008).

Conclusion

Our data offer the convincing evidence that miR-100 may play an important role in the progression of bladder cancer and that the reduced expression of this miRNA may be independently associated with shorter PFS and OS of patients, suggesting that miR-100 might be a potential marker for further risk stratification in the treatment of this cancer.

Virtual slides

The virtual slides’ for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1105483419841671
An UPLC-MS/MS method for highly sensitive high-throughput analysis of phytohormones in plant tissues
Authors: Balcke Gerd Ulrich , Handrick Vinzenz , Bergau Nick , Fichtner Mandy , Henning Anja , Stellmach Hagen , Tissier Alain , Hause Bettina , Frolov Andrej
Published: November 2012

Background

Phytohormones are the key metabolites participating in the regulation of multiple functions of plant organism. Among them, jasmonates, as well as abscisic and salicylic acids are responsible for triggering and modulating plant reactions targeted against pathogens and herbivores, as well as resistance to abiotic stress (drought, UV-irradiation and mechanical wounding). These factors induce dramatic changes in phytohormone biosynthesis and transport leading to rapid local and systemic stress responses. Understanding of underlying mechanisms is of principle interest for scientists working in various areas of plant biology. However, highly sensitive, precise and high-throughput methods for quantification of these phytohormones in small samples of plant tissues are still missing.

Results

Here we present an LC-MS/MS method for fast and highly sensitive determination of jasmonates, abscisic and salicylic acids. A single-step sample preparation procedure based on mixed-mode solid phase extraction was efficiently combined with essential improvements in mobile phase composition yielding higher efficiency of chromatographic separation and MS-sensitivity. This strategy resulted in dramatic increase in overall sensitivity, allowing successful determination of phytohormones in small (less than 50 mg of fresh weight) tissue samples. The method was completely validated in terms of analyte recovery, sensitivity, linearity and precision. Additionally, it was cross-validated with a well-established GC-MS-based procedure and its applicability to a variety of plant species and organs was verified.

Conclusion

The method can be applied for the analyses of target phytohormones in small tissue samples obtained from any plant species and/or plant part relying on any commercially available (even less sensitive) tandem mass spectrometry instrumentation.
Experimental determination of the oral bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lead particles
Authors: Deshommes Elise , Tardif Robert , Edwards Marc , Sauvé Sébastien , Prévost Michèle
Published: November 2012

In vivo estimations of Pb particle bioavailability are costly and variable, because of the nature of animal assays. The most feasible alternative for increasing the number of investigations carried out on Pb particle bioavailability is in vitro testing. This testing method requires calibration using in vivo data on an adapted animal model, so that the results will be valid for childhood exposure assessment. Also, the test results must be reproducible within and between laboratories. The Relative Bioaccessibility Leaching Procedure, which is calibrated with in vivo data on soils, presents the highest degree of validation and simplicity. This method could be applied to Pb particles, including those in paint and dust, and those in drinking water systems, which although relevant, have been poorly investigated up to now for childhood exposure assessment.
Hemoperitoneum presenting with the use of a topical hemostatic agent in oocyte retrieval: a case report
Authors: Chatrian Amélie , Vidal Clémentine , Equy Véronique , Hoffmann Pascale , Sergent Fabrice
Published: November 2012

Introduction

Hemoperitoneum may occur from an ovarian puncture point after oocyte retrieval.

Case presentation

We report a case of massive hemoperitoneum following transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval in a 33-year-old Caucasian woman. The bleeding required emergency laparoscopy because of active bleeding from the ovarian puncture point. Hemostasis was very difficult to achieve, and traditional operative procedures were not efficient. The only way to stop the bleeding was by using an absorbable fibrinogen and thrombin sealant sponge, which was applied around the ovary. During laparoscopy three pints of packed red blood were administered. No specific alteration of screening coagulation tests was found one month later.

Conclusions

Hemostasis can be very difficult to achieve with traditional operative procedures. Topical hemostatic agents can be useful to preserve the ovary wherever possible.
Colostrum supplementation protects against exercise - induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle in mice
Authors: Appukutty Mahenderan , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty , Ramasamy Kalavathy , Ramasamy Rajesh , Abdul Majeed Abu Bakar , Noor Mohd Ismail , Safii Nik Shanita , Koon Poh Bee , Chinna Karuthan , Haleagrahara Nagaraja
Published: November 2012

Background

This study examined the effects of bovine colostrum on exercise –induced modulation of antioxidant parameters in skeletal muscle in mice. Adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, colostrum alone, exercise and exercise with colostrum) and each group had three subgroups (day 0, 21 and 42). Colostrum groups of mice were given a daily oral supplement of 50 mg/kg body weight of bovine colostrum and the exercise group of mice were made to exercise on the treadmill for 30 minutes per day. Total antioxidants, lipid hydroperoxides, xanthine oxidase and super oxide dismutase level was assayed from the homogenate of hind limb skeletal muscle.

Results

Exercise—induced a significant oxidative stress in skeletal muscles as evidenced by the elevated lipid hydroperoxides and xanthine oxidase levels. There was a significant decrease in skeletal muscle total antioxidants and superoxide dismutase levels. Daily colostrum supplement significantly reduced the lipid hydroperoxides and xanthine oxidase enzyme level and increased the total antioxidant levels in the leg muscle.

Conclusion

Thus, the findings of this study showed that daily bovine colostrum supplementation was beneficial to skeletal muscle to reduce the oxidant-induced damage during muscular exercise.
Hydroxyapatite bioactivated bacterial cellulose promotes osteoblast growth and the formation of bone nodules
Authors: Tazi Neftaha , Zhang Ze , Messaddeq Younès , Almeida-Lopes Luciana , Zanardi Lisinéia M , Levinson Dennis , Rouabhia Mahmoud
Published: November 2012

The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffold to support osteoblast growth and bone formation. BC was produced by culturingAcetobacter xylinumsupplemented with hydroxyapatite (HA) to form BC membranes (without HA) and BC/HA membranes. Membranes were subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis to determine surface element composition. The membranes were further used to evaluate osteoblast growth, alkaline phosphatase activity and bone nodule formation. BC was free of calcium and phosphate. However, XPS analysis revealed the presence of both calcium (10%) and phosphate (10%) at the surface of the BC/HA membrane. Osteoblast culture showed that BC alone was non-toxic and could sustain osteoblast adhesion. Furthermore, osteoblast adhesion and growth were significantly (p ≤0.05) increased on BC/HA membranes as compared to BC alone. Both BC and BC/HA membranes improved osteoconductivity, as confirmed by the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity that increased from 2.5 mM with BC alone to 5.3 mM with BC/HA. BC/HA membranes also showed greater nodule formation and mineralization than the BC membrane alone. This was confirmed by Alizarin red staining (ARS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). This work demonstrates that both BC and BC/HA may be useful in bone tissue engineering.
Gestaltung von AAL-Lösungen als sozio-technische Systeme: Selbstgesteuerte Alltagsunterstützung
Authors: Prilla Michael , Herrmann Thomas
Published: November 2012

Bei der Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) wird zu wenig beachtet, dass es in der Praxis um sozio-technische Lösungen geht, bei denen eine Integration zwischen Nutzern, organisatorischen Prozessen und eingesetzter Technik erfolgskritisch ist. Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des Projekts service4home Herausforderungen und Lösungen für AAL aus sozio-technischer Perspektive auf.
Tell Me Another Story, Granpa! Requirements for Sharing Lived Lives Online
Authors: Cabitza Federico , Simone Carla
Published: November 2012

This paper investigates the requirements for a technology helping elderly to share their memories with acquaintances in terms of narratives. We report the findings from a literature review, a market review and a focus group and draw some principles informing the design of reminiscence-oriented technologies.
Living Labs als Forschungsinstrument für Ambient Assisted Living Technologien
Authors: Rashid Asarnusch , Reichelt Christian , Röll Natalie , Zentek Tom
Published: November 2012

Seit über vier Jahren setzt das FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik die Living Lab Methode zur Forschung an Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Technologien ein. Ca. 15 wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter aus unterschiedlichen Projekten und Disziplinen arbeiten hier zusammen, um innovative Assistenzsysteme für ältere bzw. körperlich und kognitiv eingeschränkte Menschen zu entwickeln. Das Living Lab erwies als sehr hilfreich, um zum einen techni-sche Möglichkeiten aufzuzeigen und zum anderen Benut-zerakzeptanzanalysen und Usability Tests von AAL Tech-nologien durchzuführen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den theoretischen Rahmen der Living Lab Methodik und die Erfahrungen mit der Umsetzung des Living Lab zur For-schung an AAL Technologien.
Fractionation of iron in some soil types of Hungary as studied by sequential extraction
Authors: Sipos Péter , Choi Chung , Németh Tibor , Szalai Zoltán , Póka Teréz
Published: November 2012

A vas és fázisai a talajban egyrészt a redoxi-folyamatok érzékeny jelzői, másrészt jelentős szerepet játszanak a kémiai elemek geokémiai körforgalmában. Így nemcsak talajtani, de környezetvédelmi szempontból is fontos kérdés, hogy adott kémiai elem milyen mértékben képes mobilizálódni a környezeti hatások változására. Jelen dolgozat célja a vastartalom vizsgálata szekvenciális kioldással, továbbá a kioldott frakciók és a főbb talajtulajdonságok (kémhatás, szervesszén-tartalom, karbonáttartalom, szemcseösszetétel, agyagásványos jelleg) és a talajképző kőzet jellege közötti összefüggés vizsgálata 12, a leggyakoribb hazai talajtípusokat képviselő talajszelvényben.
Az átlagos vastartalmú (1–4% teljes vastartalom) minták között jól elkülöníthetők a nagyobb vastartalmú, gyengén savanyú kémhatású erdőtalaj- és a kisebb vastartalmú, semleges–gyengén lúgos kémhatású nem erdőtalajminták. Az előbbi mintacsoportban a vastartalom az agyagtartalommal, az utóbbiban az iszaptartalommal nő, utalva a helyben keletkezett és az átöröklött vasfázisok eltérő szerepére a két csoport között. Az agyagtartalommal tapasztalt összefüggésnél szerepe lehet a duzzadó agyagásványok dominanciájának is a vizsgált erdőtalajmintákban.
A vas megoszlása hasonló jelleget mutat a két mintacsoportban. A vas túlnyomó része (>80%) minden talajtípusban a reziduális, zömmel átöröklött frakcióhoz köthető. A második legjelentősebb frakciót adó redukálható vastartalom aránya az erdőtalajokban némileg nagyobb, ami a vas-oxidok, hidroxidok formájában történő felhalmozódásához kedvezőbb feltételekre utal ezekben a mintákban. Ezzel szemben a szerves anyaghoz köthető, oxidálható frakció a jelentősebb humuszfelhalmozódást mutató nem erdőtalajokra jellemző nagyobb arányban. A növények számára potenciálisan legkönnyebben felvehető vashányadok minden talajtípusban alacsonyak, a teljes vastartalomnak csak néhány tized százalékát adják.
A vasmegoszlás szelvénybeli eloszlásában is megjelenik az erdőtalajok felhal-mozódási szintjére jellemző vasdúsulás szinte minden frakcióban, valamint a nem erdőtalajokra jellemző nagyobb humuszfelhalmozódáshoz kapcsolódó vasdúsulás. Hasonlóság is tapasztalható a két csoport között ebben a tekintetben, miszerint a szerves anyaghoz köthető és a könnyen mobilizálható vas aránya a mélységgel csökken, utalva a szerves anyag és vas kapcsolatára. A talaj vaskészletét nagyrészt szolgáltató talajképző kőzet hatása azonban nem volt kimutatható a vas megoszlására az alkalmazott módszerrel.
A talajok teljes vastartalma és megoszlásának változása a szelvényen belül jól mutatja az egyes talajképző folyamatok típusát, helyét és utal a mértékére is. Eredményeink szerint a talaj vastartalmának szekvenciális kioldása fontos információt nyújthat ezen folyamatokról.
Multiple Acetabular Revisions in THA - Poor Outcome Despite Maximum Effort
Authors: Bischel O , Seeger JB , Krüge M , Bitsch BG
Published: November 2012

A consecutive series of 52 acetabular revisions was evaluated retrospectively. Inclusion criteria for all patients were at least one former exchange of the acetabular component. Reconstruction was performed with reliable techniques and implants other than extensively porous coated device (e.g. tantalum). The mean follow up was 5.63 (0.01-14.05) years. Cumulative survival at 14.05 years with removal of the acetabular component due to aseptic loosening or the worst case criterion (removal of the acetabular component for any cause and/or lost to follow-up) as the end point was 66.38 (95 % C.-I.: 47.80-84.96) % and 58.42 (95 % C.-I.: 41.01-75.83) %, respectively. The cumulative survival rate with mechanical failure of the acetabular reconstruction as the endpoint was significantly lower in patients with two or more previous revisions in comparison to those with only one former procedure (log rank test: p=0,0112 respectively). The mean Merle d’Aubignée-score improved from 7.3 (0-14) preoperatively to 10.6 (0-17) points at latest follow up examination.

Survival of acetabular reconstructions with common techniques and implants is decreasing with the number of previous revisions. This may cause major concerns with regard to the rising number of patients needing repeated revisions. Maximizing durability of primary THA, precise preoperative planning as well as improved techniques and implants for revision may decrease this problem in the long term.
The (Half) Truth about Grief
Authors: Neimeyer Robert A.
Published: November 2012

The recent critique of the bereavement field offered by author Ruth Davis Konigsberg takes grief theorists and researchers to task for perpetuating self-serving stage-based models of mourning that ignore the resilience of most bereaved people, while promulgating a form of grief counseling that is neither necessary nor effective. In this commentary I underscore the truth embedded in her analysis, but also the half-truths that result from its simplification and neglect of broader considerations.
Postglacial vegetation history as recorded from the subalpine Lake Ribno (NW Rila Mts), Bulgaria
Authors: Tonkov Spassimir , Bozilova Elissaveta , Possnert Goran
Published: November 2012

A pollen analysis conducted on a 600 cm core from Lake Ribno (2184 m) in the Northwestern Rila Mountains, supplemented by 13 radiocarbon dates, has revealed the basic stages in its postglacial vegetation dynamics. The lateglacial vegetation, composed of Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae, with stands of Pinus and Juniperus-Ephedra shrubland, dominated in the stadials and partly retreated during the Bølling/Allerød interstadial (14700–12900 cal. yrs. BP). The afforestation in the early Holocene (11600–7800 cal. yrs. BP) started with pioneer Betula forests, with groups of Pinus and Juniperus at mid-high altitudes, and Quercus forests with Tilia, Ulmus, Fraxinus, Corylus below the birch zone. A coniferous belt composed of Pinus
sylvestris, P. peuce and Abies was shaped under the conditions of a more humid climate (7800–5800 cal. yrs. BP). The last trees that invaded the study area were Fagus after 4300 cal. yrs. BP and Picea abies after 3400 cal. yrs. BP. Evidence for destructive changes in the vegetation and indications of agricultural and stock-breeding activities (pollen of Triticum, Secale, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex, Juglans) was continuously recorded since the Late Bronze Age (3400–3200 cal. yrs. BP). The postglacial vegetation history in the Northwestern Rila Mountains demonstrated close similarities with that of the Northern Pirin Mountains.
The effect of summer shading on flower bud morphogenesis in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)
Authors: Bartolini Susanna , Viti Raffaella , Andreini Lucia
Published: November 2012

The aim of this investigation was to assess whether imposed summer shading treatments in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) can affect the main phenological phases related to the floral morphogenesis (floral differentiation, xylogenesis), flower bud growth and quality in terms of bud capacity to set fruit. Experimental trials were carried out on fully-grown trees of ‘San Castrese’ and ‘Stark Early Orange’ cultivars characterized by different biological and agronomical traits to which shadings were imposed in July and August. Histological analysis was carried out from summer onwards in order to determine the evolution of floral bud differentiation, and the acropetal progression of primary xylem differentiation along the flower bud axis. Periodical recordings to evaluate the bud drop, blooming time, flowering and fruit set rates were performed also. These shade treatments determined a temporary shutdown of floral differentiation, slowed xylem progression up to the resumption of flower bud growth and a reduced entity of flowering and fruit set. These events were particularly marked in ‘San Castrese’ cultivar, which is well known for its adaptability to different climatic conditions. These findings suggest that adequate light penetration within the canopy during the summer season could be the determining factor when defining the qualitative traits of flower buds and their regular growth, and ultimately to obtain good and constant crops.
The effect of genotype on a barley scutella culture. Histological aspects
Authors: Ślesak Halina , Góralski Grzegorz , Pawłowska Helena , Skucińska Barbara , Popielarska-Konieczna Marzena , Joachimiak Andrzej
Published: November 2012

Cereals are known to be recalcitrant to the induction of morphogenesis in vitro and the majority of the methods used are callus-mediated and species/genotype-dependent. In the present investigation, a method of morphogenesis induction from immature scutella of selected barley cultivars was used, and particular attention was paid to histology in the initial stages of the regeneration process in order to confirm whether it occurs directly or indirectly (via callus formation). The length of the period from inoculating scutella on the medium to obtaining plantlets depended on the cultivar and the individual scutellum of the barley and varied between 2.5–4 months. The regeneration efficiency and viability of barley scutella was revealed to be highly genotype dependent. The average number of regenerated plants per regenerating scutellum was highest in the case of cv Granal (3.7). A histological analysis of the cultured explants showed both non-morphogenic and morphogenic callus formation. Two types of indirect morphogenetic response were observed: organogenesis (shoot bud formation) and somatic embryogenesis. This is the first report concerning an analysis of in vitro regeneration from immature scutella of barley cultivars (Stratus, Ryton, Granal and Binal).
Roles of iron and copper salts for controlling morphology of silver nanostructures
Authors: Jia Changchao , Yang Ping , Zhang Lipeng
Published: November 2012

Various silver nanostructures were fabricated by means of ethylene glycol reduction of silver nitrate together with poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) through a polyol-thermal method. Variable valency metal ions (iron and copper) affected the morphologies of these nanostructures. Because of enhanced reduction ability compared with Cu+ ions, Fe2+ ions resulted in Ag+ being reduced to Ag0 efficiently. Regular silver nanowires were prepared using copper salt, while quasi-flag types of silver nanostructures were obtained in the case of iron salt. Quasi-flag types of silver nanostructures were also created successfully using both CuCl2 and FeCl2 in the reaction system. Furthermore, the diameter and morphologies of silver nanostructures were adjusted by changing the amount of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and CuCl2. A mechanism is proposed to understand the morphology evolution of silver nanostructures.
Hydrothermal synthesis of nanowires, nanobelts, and nanotubes of vanadium oxides from one reaction system
Authors: Li Zhihua , Zhang Yanwu , Shi Zhaohui
Published: November 2012

Nanowires, nanobelts, and nanotubes of vanadium oxides have been fabricated using the hydrothermal method with surfactants in one reaction system. The nanowires, nanobelts and nanotubes of vanadium oxides can be synthesized selectively by adjusting and controlling the reaction conditions such as surfactants selected, reaction temperature and time, etc. The as-prepared one-dimentional nanomaterials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electronmicroscopy. The reaction mechanism is also explained according to the experimental data.
Videoconferencing and Dietitian Services: In Rural Ontario Communities
Authors: Stenlund Diana
Published: November 2012

Registered dietitians (RDs) are regulated health professionals in short supply in Ontario and throughout Canada. Projected workforce studies indicate the situation will likely worsen. Accessing these nutrition specialists is an even greater concern for residents living in rural or remote regions of the province. Smaller communities are increasingly using telehealth as a way to deliver health care services and to improve access to health care professionals. The adoption of interactive videoconferencing as a telehealth application is examined as an alternative approach for accessing RDs in rural communities. While valid reasons exist for implementing videoconferencing, other issues must be considered. These include costs, technological requirements, organizational readiness, and legal and ethical concerns. Future research must fully address the concept of videoconferencing in relation to the Canadian dietetic workforce and practice requirements.
The Role of DNA Methylation in Common Skeletal Disorders
Authors: Delgado-Calle Jesús , Riancho José
Published: November 2012

Bone is a complex connective tissue characterized by a calcified extracellular matrix. This mineralized matrix is constantly being formed and resorbed throughout life, allowing the bone to adapt to daily mechanical loads and maintain skeletal properties and composition. The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption leads to changes in bone mass. This is the case of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, two common skeletal disorders. While osteoporosis is characterized by a decreased bone mass and, consequently, higher susceptibly to fractures, bone mass tends to be higher in patients with osteoarthritis, especially in the subchondral bone region. It is known that these diseases are influenced by heritable factors. However, the DNA polymorphisms identified so far in GWAS explain less than 10% of the genetic risk, suggesting that other factors, and specifically epigenetic mechanisms, are involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. This review summarizes current knowledge about the influence of epigenetic marks on bone homeostasis, paying special attention to the role of DNA methylation in the onset and progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate, Soil P Availability, and Long-Term Growth Response in a Loblolly Pine Plantation on a Weathered Ultisol
Authors: Scott D. Andrew , Bliss Christine M.
Published: November 2012

Phosphorus is widely deficient throughout the southern pine region of the United States. Growth responses to P fertilization are generally long-lasting in a wide range of soil types, but little is known about fertilization rates and long-term P cycling and availability. In 1982, exceptionally high P fertilization rates (0, 81, 162, and 324 kg P ha−1) were applied to a loamy Ultisol in central Louisiana, USA. We measured vegetation responses at age 27 years and sequentially extracted soil P to 1 m to elucidate potential P availability into the next rotation. Loblolly pine responded well to the lowest fertilization rate; total biomass was 39% greater in the fertilized plots compared to the unfertilized plots, but higher fertilization rates had no effect, presumably due to induced N-limitations. What little fertilizer P was found in the soils was in the moderately labile NaOH fraction in the surface 20 cm, and may be slowly available to the next pine rotation. Normal rates of P fertilizer will maintain elevated available P well into a second rotation in loamy Pleisteocene Ultisols of the western Gulf Coastal Plain. Exceptionally high rates were not effective at increasing potentially available P beyond normal rates.
Narratives and Images Used by Public Communication Campaigns Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities
Authors: Clarke Christopher , Niederdeppe Jeff , Lundell Helen
Published: November 2012

Researchers have increasingly focused on how social determinants of health (SDH) influence health outcomes and disparities. They have also explored strategies for raising public awareness and mobilizing support for policies to address SDH, with particular attention to narrative and image-based information. These efforts will need to overcome low public awareness and concern about SDH; few organized campaigns; and limited descriptions of existing message content. To begin addressing these challenges, we analyzed characteristics of 58 narratives and 135 visual images disseminated by two national SDH awareness initiatives: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Commission to Build a Healthier America and the PBS-produced documentary film Unnatural Causes. Certain types of SDH, including income/wealth and one’s home and workplace environment, were emphasized more heavily than others. Solutions for addressing SDH often involved combinations of self-driven motivation (such as changes in personal health behaviors) along with externally-driven factors such as government policy related to urban revitilization. Images, especially graphs and charts, drew connections among SDH, health outcomes, and other variables, such as the relationship between mother’s education and infant mortality as well as the link between heart disease and education levels within communities. We discuss implications of these findings for raising awareness of SDH and health disparities in the US through narrative and visual means.
Microtubule Formation and Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes in PC12 Cells Exposed to Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxides
Authors: Yamanaka Yukako , Yoshida-Yamamoto Shumi , Doi Hiroshi
Published: November 2012

Aging increases free radical generation and lipid oxidation and, thereby, mediates neurodegenerative diseases. As the brain is rich in lipids (polyunsaturated fatty acids), the antioxidative system plays an important role in protecting brain tissues from oxidative injury. The changes in microtubule formation and antioxidative enzyme activities have been investigated in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells exposed to various concentrations of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PCOOH). We measured three typical antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). The microtubule assembly system was dependent on the antioxidative enzyme system in cells exposed to oxidative stress. The activities of the three enzymes increased in a PCOOH exposure-dependent manner. In particular, the changes in the activity as a result of PCOOH exposure were similar in the three antioxidative enzymes. This is the first report indicating the compatibility between the tubulin-microtubule and antioxidative enzyme systems in cells that deteriorate as a result of phospholipid hydroperoxide administration from an exterior source. The descending order of sensitivity of the three enzymes to PCOOH is also discussed.
Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Human Hepatoma Cell Apoptosisvia Bax/Bak Triggered Cytochrome C Release and Caspase-9/Caspase-8 Activation
Authors: Guo Xiao-Xi , Guo Qiao , Li Yang , Lee Seung , Wei Xue-Ning , Jin Ying-Hua
Published: November 2012

Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in a variety of cancer cells. However, the details of the signal transduction cascade involved in G-Rh2-induced cell death is unclear. In this manuscript we elucidate the molecular mechanism of G-Rh2-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells by demonstrating that G-Rh2 causes rapid and dramatic translocation of both Bak and Bax, which subsequently triggers mitochondrial cytochrome c release and consequent caspase activation. Interestingly, siRNA-based gene inactivation of caspase-8 effectively delays caspase-9 activation and apoptosis induced by G-Rh2, indicating that caspase-8 also plays an important role in the G-Rh2-induced apoptosis program. Taken together, our results indicate that G-Rh2 employs a multi pro-apoptotic pathway to execute cancer cell death, suggesting a potential role for G-Rh2 as a powerful chemotherapeutic agent.
Genomic DNA Methylation Changes in NYGGF4-Overexpression 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Yang Lei , Tong Mei-Ling , Chi Xia , Zhang Min , Zhang Chun-Mei , Guo Xi-Rong
Published: November 2012

NYGGF4, an obesity-related gene, is proposed to be involved in the development of insulin resistance; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present analysis, NimbleGen tiling arrays were used to determine the patterns of genomic DNA methylation at CpG islands and promoters in NYGGF4-overexpression adipocytes. A total of 2352 CpG dinucleotides in 2018 genes and 3490 CpG dinucleotides in 3064 genes were found to be hypermethylated or hypomethylated, respectively, in NYGGF4-overexpression adipocytes. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis revealed enrichment of biological processes associated with energy metabolism and signal transduction events, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) and Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) signaling. These data demonstrate that differentially methylated genes are significantly overrepresented in NYGGF4-overexpression adipocytes, providing valuable clues for further exploration of the role of NYGGF4 in insulin sensitivity regulation.
Information Theory and Computational Thermodynamics: Lessons for Biology from Physics
Authors: Zenil Hector
Published: November 2012

We survey a few aspects of the thermodynamics of computation, connecting information, thermodynamics, computability and physics. We suggest some lines of research into how information theory and computational thermodynamics can help us arrive at a better understanding of biological processes. We argue that while a similar connection between information theory and evolutionary biology seems to be growing stronger and stronger, biologists tend to use information simply as a metaphor. While biologists have for the most part been influenced and inspired by information theory as developed by Claude Shannon, we think the introduction of algorithmic complexity into biology will turn out to be a much deeper and more fruitful cross-pollination.
Unconventional Cadherin Localization in Honey Bee Gonads Revealed Through Domain-Specific Apis mellifera E- and N-Cadherin Antibodies Indicates Alternative Functions
Authors: Florecki Mônica , Hartfelder Klaus
Published: November 2012

As key factors in intercellular adhesion processes, cadherins play important roles in a plethora of developmental processes, including gametogenesis. In a previous study on cadherin localization in the gonads of honey bees, performed with heterologous pan-cadherin antibodies, we detected these proteins as (i) associated with cell membranes, (ii) as homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm, and (iii) as nuclear foci in both somatic and germline cells, raising the possibility of alternative functions. To further investigate such unusual intracellular cadherin localization we produced specific antibodies against the N- and C-terminal domains of honey bee N- and E-cadherin. A 160 kDa protein was recognized by the E-cadherin antibodies as well as one of approximately 300 kDa from those raised against N-cadherin. In gonad preparations, both proteins were detected as dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and as nuclear foci in both germline and somatic cells of queen and worker ovarioles, as well as in the testioles of drones. This leads us to infer that cadherins may indeed be involved in certain signaling pathways and/or transcriptional regulation during gametogenesis. In late oogenesis stages, immunolabeling for both proteins was observed at the cell cortex, in conformity with a role in cell adhesion. In testioles, E-cadherin was seen in co-localization with fusomes, indicating a possible role in cyst organization. Taken together, the distribution of N- and E-cadherins in honey bee gonads is suggestive of alternative roles for cadherins in gametogenesis of both sexes.
A Sulfated-Polysaccharide Fraction from Seaweed Gracilaria birdiae Prevents Naproxen-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage in Rats
Authors: Silva Renan O. , Santana Ana Paula M. , Carvalho Nathalia S. , Bezerra Talita S. , Oliveira Camila B. , Damasceno Samara R. B. , Chaves Luciano S. , Freitas Ana Lúcia P. , Soares Pedro M. G. , Souza Marcellus H. L. P. , Barbosa André Luiz R. , Medeiros Jand-Venes R.
Published: November 2012

Red seaweeds synthesize a great variety of sulfated galactans. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLSs) from seaweed are comprised of substances with pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the PLS fraction extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae in rats with naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (control group—vehicle) or PLS (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily (at 09:00 and 21:00) for 2 days. After 1 h, naproxen (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were killed on day two, 4 h after naproxen treatment. The stomachs were promptly excised, opened along the greater curvature, and measured using digital calipers. Furthermore, the guts of the animals were removed, and a 5-cm portion of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) was used for the evaluation of macroscopic scores. Samples of the stomach and the small intestine were used for histological evaluation, morphometric analysis and in assays for glutathione (GSH) levels, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. PLS treatment reduced the macroscopic and microscopic naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the PLS fraction has a protective effect against gastrointestinal damage through mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid peroxidation.