bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Methodology for Designing Short-Term Stationary Air Quality Campaigns with Mobile Laboratories Using Different Possible Allocation Criteria
Authors: Marinello Samuele , Andretta Massimo , Lucialli Patrizia , Pollini Elisa , Righi Serena
Published: July 2021

Air quality monitoring and control are key issues for environmental assessment and management in order to protect public health and the environment. Local and central authorities have developed strategies and tools to manage environmental protection, which, for air quality, consist of monitoring networks with fixed and portable instrumentation and mathematical models. This study develops a methodology for designing short-term air quality campaigns with mobile laboratories (laboratories fully housed within or transported by a vehicle and maintained in a fixed location for a period of time) as a decision support system for environmental management and protection authorities. In particular, the study provides a methodology to identify: (i) the most representative locations to place mobile laboratories and (ii) the best time period to carry out the measurements in the case of short-term air quality campaigns. The approach integrates atmospheric dispersion models and allocation algorithms specifically developed for optimizing the measuring campaigns. The methodology is organized in two phases, each of them divided into several steps. Fourteen allocation algorithms dedicated to three type of receptors (population, vegetation and physical cultural heritage) have been proposed. The methodology has been applied to four short-term air quality campaigns in the Emilia-Romagna region.
Fique as a Sustainable Material and Thermal Insulation for Buildings: Study of Its Decomposition and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: García Sánchez Gabriel Fernando , Guzmán López Rolando Enrique , Gonzalez-Lezcano Roberto Alonso
Published: July 2021

Buildings consume a large amount of energy during all stages of their life cycle. One of the most efficient ways to reduce their consumption is to use thermal insulation materials; however, these generally have negative effects on the environment and human health. Bio-insulations are presented as a good alternative solution to this problem, thus motivating the study of the properties of natural or recycled materials that could reduce energy consumption in buildings. Fique is a very important crop in Colombia. In order to contribute to our knowledge of the properties of its fibers as a thermal insulator, the measurement of its thermal conductivity is reported herein, employing equipment designed according to the ASTM C 177 standard and a kinetic study of its thermal decomposition from thermogravimetric data through the Coats–Redfern model-fitting method.
Sustainable Humanitarian Operations: Multi-Method Simulation for Large-Scale Evacuation
Authors: Sopha Bertha Maya , Triasari Athaya Islami , Cheah Lynette
Published: July 2021

Integrating sustainability in humanitarian operations has been seen as a promising approach toward effective and long-term solutions. During disaster emergency management, the evacuation determines the risk of loss in a disaster. To better understand the effectiveness of the evacuation plan while considering the sustainability standpoint, this paper develops a multi-method simulation (MMS) approach to evaluate evacuation time, load balance of the shelters, and CO2 emission. The MMS integrating Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) and Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) incorporates evacuation decision-making and evacuation processes. Comparative analysis shows that the MMS outperforms the use of ABM solely. The simulation results indicate over-utilization and imbalanced load among the shelters, implying a need to expand shelters’ capacity and to revisit the evacuation plan concerning the location of the assembly points and the shelters and the resource allocation. Evacuation behavior heading to the nearest assembly point instead of the designated assembly point based on the evacuation plan worsens the imbalanced load among the shelters and results in higher CO2 emissions by 8%. The results demonstrate the necessity to include evacuation decision-making (social dimension) on top of the technical dimension and to adopt sustainable performance indicators in planning the evacuation sustainably. Avenues for future research are also discussed.
Change in Learning Motivation Observed through the Introduction of Design Thinking in a Mobile Application Programming Course
Authors: Hsu Tz-Heng , Horng Gwo-Jiun , See Aaron Raymond
Published: July 2021

Traditional teacher-centered teaching focused on classroom lectures has met numerous challenges in recent years, which has motivated teachers to make use of design thinking for their classes. This study made use of design thinking in an iOS programming course to find ways to improve the students’ critical thinking, learning motivation and solve practical issues through mobile APP development. In the program, students were required to answer situational motivation questionnaires before and after design thinking is implemented in the course. Results showed that the values of the Cronbach’s Alpha for the initial course expectation in both iterations were reliable. Subsequently, when students feel that the solutions are recognized and supported by other students and teachers in the course, there is an upward trend in the curves of their external regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation. This study successfully designed the course content and evaluation methods that have shown significant increase in the students’ motivation through the incorporation of design thinking in the mobile application programming course.
Corporate Sustainable Management, Dividend Policy and Chaebol
Authors: Oh Hyunmin , Park Sambock
Published: July 2021

This study empirically examines the relationship between corporate sustainable management (CSM) and dividend policy. Among the various motivations related to dividends, this study examines the relationship between CSM and dividend policy based on the agency and signaling theory. After examining the relationship between CSM and dividend policy, we investigate whether belonging to a large business group (chaebol group) has a significant effect on the relationship between CSM and dividend policy. The analysis period is from 2011 to 2018, and the ESG ratings of the Korea Corporate Governance Service are used as proxies for CSM. The empirical results show that CSM and dividends have a significant relationship in the positive direction. This means that firms with excellent CSM activities have higher dividend levels than those that do not. Furthermore, the association between CSM and dividends is more negative for firms belonging to a chaebol group. This indicates that the positive relationship between CSM and dividends in a firm that belongs to a chaebol group is weakened. This means that the relationship between CSM and dividends in the group belonging to the chaebol group is weakened. It belongs to the group of conglomerates, meaning that the relationship between the amount of dividends and CSM weakened. Our study focuses on CSM as a determinant of dividends, and examines the effects of belonging to a chaebol group in the relationship between CSM and dividends. Given that resolving the interest incompatibility between investors and managers is the focus of corporate governance, dividend policies can be used as a method for resolving the interest incompatibility between investors and managers.
Understanding the Effect of Traffic Congestion on Accidents Using Big Data
Authors: Sánchez González Santiago , Bedoya-Maya Felipe , Calatayud Agustina
Published: July 2021

Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of traffic accidents are a key determinant in their mitigation. This article leverages big data and a Poisson model with fixed effects to understand the causality of traffic congestion on road accidents in ten cities in Latin America: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro, San Salvador, Santiago, Santo Domingo, and Sao Paulo. Analyzing over 10 billion observations in 2019, results show a positive non-linear causality of congestion on the number of accidents. Overall, the results suggest that a 10% reduction in traffic delay would reduce accidents by 3.4%, equivalent to over 72 thousand traffic accidents. Sao Paulo and Mexico City would be particularly benefited, with reductions of 5.4% and 4.7%, respectively. The results of this paper aim to support policymakers in emerging economies in implementing measures to reduce congestion and, with it, the related direct and indirect costs borne by societies.
Insights from an Evaluation of Nitrate Load Estimation Methods in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Park Daeryong , Um Myoung-Jin , Markus Momcilo , Jung Kichul , Keefer Laura , Verma Siddhartha
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the accuracy and suitability of several methods commonly used to estimate riverine nitrate loads at eight watersheds located southwest of Lake Erie in the Midwestern United States. This study applied various regression methods, including a regression estimator with five, six, and seven parameters, an estimator enhanced by composite, triangular, and rectangular error corrections with residual and proportional adjustment methods, the weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season (WRTDS) method, and a simple linear interpolation (SLI) method. Daily discharge and nitrate concentration data were collected by the National Center for Water Quality Research. The methods were compared with subsampling frequencies of 6, 12, and 24 times per year for daily concentrations, daily loads, and annual loads. The results indicate that combinations of the seven-parameter regression method with composite residual and rectangular residual adjustments provided the best estimates under most of the watershed and sampling frequency conditions. On average, WRTDS was more accurate than the regression models alone, but less accurate than those models enhanced by residual adjustments, except for the most urbanized watershed, Cuyahoga. SLI was the most accurate in the Vermilion and Maumee watersheds. The results also provide some information about the effects of rating curve shape and slope, land use, and record length on model performance.
Forest Structure and Composition under Contrasting Precipitation Regimes in the High Mountains, Western Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Kishor Prasad , Aryal Anisha , Baral Himlal , Khanal Sujan , Acharya Amul Kumar , Phomphakdy Chanthavone , Dorji Rinzin
Published: July 2021

The high mountains stretch over 20.4% of Nepal’s land surface with diverse climatic conditions and associated vegetation types. An understanding of tree species and forest structural pattern variations across different climatic regions is crucial for mountain ecology. This study strived to carry out a comparative evaluation of species diversity, main stand variables, and canopy cover of forests with contrasting precipitation conditions in the Annapurna range. Firstly, climate data provided by CHELSA version 1.2, were used to identify distinct precipitation regimes. Lamjung and Mustang were selected as two contrasting precipitation regions, and have average annual precipitation of 2965 mm and 723 mm, respectively. Stratified random sampling was used to study 16 plots, each measuring 500 m2 and near the tree line at an elevation range of 3000 to 4000 m across different precipitation conditions. In total, 870 trees were identified and measured. Five hemispherical photos using a fisheye lens were taken in each plot for recording and analyzing canopy cover. Margalef’s index was used to measure species richness, while two diversity indices: the Shannon–Wiener Index and Simpson Index were used for species diversity. Dominant tree species in both study regions were identified through the Important Value Index (IVI). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to determine the differences in forest structure and composition variables between the two precipitation regimes. In total, 13 species were recorded with broadleaved species predominating in the high precipitation region and coniferous species in the low precipitation region. Higher species richness and species diversity were recorded in the low precipitation region, whereas the main stand variables: basal area and stem density were found to be higher in the high precipitation region. Overall, an inverse J-shaped diameter distribution was found in both precipitation regions signifying uneven-aged forest. A higher proportion of leaning and buttressed trees were recorded in the high precipitation region. However, similar forest canopy cover conditions (>90%) were observed in both study regions. The findings of this research provide a comprehensive narrative of tree species and forest structure across distinct precipitation regimes, which can be crucial to administrators and local people for the sustainable management of resources in this complex region.
School Refusal Behaviour Profiles and Academic Self-Attributions in Language and Literature
Authors: Gonzálvez Carolina , Giménez-Miralles Mariola , Vicent María , Sanmartín Ricardo , Quiles María José , García-Fernández José Manuel
Published: July 2021

School refusal behaviour has a major impact on the lives of children and adolescents, seriously affecting their personal, academic and social adjustment. The objectives of this research were: (1) to identify, using latent profile analysis, school refusal behaviour profiles based on the functional model and (2) to analyse the relationship between the identified school refusal behaviour profiles and academic self-attributions in language and literature. The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) and the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) were administered to 926 Spanish students (51% boys) aged 8 to 11 (M = 9.57; SD = 1.07). Four school refusal behaviour profiles were obtained: low school refusal behaviour, school refusal behaviour by positive reinforcement, mixed school refusal behaviour and high mixed school refusal behaviour. School refuser profiles, characterised by high scores on the first three factors of the SRAS-R (high mixed and mixed school refusal behaviour profiles), reported higher scores on an academic self-attributional style, in which they associate their failures with a lack of ability and effort. Results are discussed, considering the relationship between school refusal behaviour and unsuitable attributional styles in language and literature. Promoting effective coping skills to deal with school failure situations will seek to improve, as far as possible, the needs of all students contributing to a healthy learning environment.
Historical Assessments of Inorganic Pollutants in the Sinkhole Region of Winkler County, Texas, USA
Authors: Lozano Joshua , Heo Joonghyeok , Seo Mijin
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the public water contamination levels of Winkler County, in West Texas. With water scarcity becoming more prevalent in arid climates like West Texas, it is important to ensure the water quality in these areas. The Dockum and Pecos Valley aquifers were analyzed for inorganic pollutants that could inhibit the water. The parameters such as copper, lead, arsenic, nitrate, chloride, and chromium level reports were provided from 1972 to 2018 to analyze and compare to other studies such as the ones conducted in the Midland/Odessa area. The results were compared to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safety standards, and conclusions were made for the safety consumption of water within the county. We found that inorganic pollutants resulted mainly from the mobilization of the contaminant from anthropogenic activities such as chemical fertilizers, oil and gas developments. This research provides important information for inorganic pollutants in the sinkhole region of Winkler County and contributes to understanding the response to the aquifers. The significance of water quality in West Texas is now more important than ever to ensure that everyone has clean drinking water.
Multi-Year Simulation of Western Lake Erie Hydrodynamics and Biogeochemistry to Evaluate Nutrient Management Scenarios
Authors: Wang Qi , Boegman Leon
Published: July 2021

During the 1970s, harmful cyanobacteria (HFCB) were common occurrences in western Lake Erie. Remediation strategies reduced total P loads and bloom frequency; however, HFCB have reoccurred since the mid-1990s under increased system stress from climate change. Given these concurrent changes in nutrient loading and climate forcing, there is a need to develop management tools to investigate historical changes in the lake and predict future water quality. Herein, we applied coupled one-dimensional hydrodynamic and biogeochemical models (GLM–AED) to reproduce water quality conditions of western Lake Erie from 1979 through 2015, thereby removing the obstacle of setting and scaling initial conditions in management scenarios. The physical forcing was derived from surface buoys, airports, and land-based stations. Nutrient loads were reconstructed from historical monitoring data. The root-mean-square errors between simulations and observations for water levels (0.36 m), surface water temperature (2.5 °C), and concentrations of total P (0.01 mg L−1), PO4 (0.01 mg L−1), NH4 (0.03 mg L−1), NO3 (0.68 mg L−1), total chlorophyll a (18.74 μg L−1), chlorophytes (3.94 μg L−1), cyanobacteria (12.44 μg L−1), diatoms (3.17 μg L−1), and cryptophytes (3.18 μg L−1) were minimized using model-independent parameter estimation, and were within literature ranges from single year three-dimensional simulations. A sensitivity analysis shows that 40% reductions of total P and dissolved reactive P loads would have been necessary to bring blooms under the mild threshold (9600 MTA cyanobacteria biomass) during recent years (2005–2015), consistent with the Annex 4 recommendation. However, these would not likely be achieved by applying best management practices in the Maumee River watershed.
Planning Ecotourism in Coastal Protected Areas; Projecting Temporal Management Scenarios
Authors: Sánchez-Prieto María Camila , Luna-González Antonio , Espinoza-Tenorio Alejandro , González-Ocampo Héctor Abelardo
Published: July 2021

Protected Areas (PAs) are critical instruments in preserving biodiversity and, because of their high-quality environmental conditions, they have always been attractive for ecotourism, the natural-based element of holiday activities that minimizes the “antagonistic” impacts of tourism on the environment. However, many PAs lack a specific management plan or do not include the future effects of tourism activities on the local human population. In this study, we propose a methodology for the projection of ecotourism impacts in the short-,mid-, and long-term scenarios in PAs. Based on the scenarios proposed by the panel of experts through the cause‒effect method, local communities described the core problems in a PA and proposed the solutions to develop ecotourism. We used 44 legislative, natural, and expert opinion attributes to prioritize future sustained activities under environmental policies. Our results suggest a background and show the best performance and efficacy of ecotourism activities. In addition, these methods aim to solve challenges faced by the local communities, encouraging the generation of scientific knowledge and conservation and natural resources management associated with biodiversity.
Mental Health and the City in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Bil Jakub S. , Buława Bartłomiej , Świerzawski Jakub
Published: July 2021

The article describes the risks for the mental health and wellbeing of urban-dwellers in relation to changes in the spatial structure of a city that could be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A year of lockdown has changed the way of life in the city and negated its principal function as a place of various meetings and social interactions. The danger of long-term isolation and being cut-off from an urban lifestyle is not only a challenge facing individuals, but it also creates threats on various collective levels. Hindered interpersonal relations, stress, and the fear of another person lower the quality of life and may contribute to the development of mental diseases. Out of fear against coronavirus, part of the society has sought safety by moving out of the densely populated city centres. The dangerous results of these phenomena are shown by research based on the newest literature regarding the influence of COVID-19 and the lockdown on mental health, urban planning, and the long-term spatial effects of the pandemic such as the urban sprawl. The breakdown of the spatial structure, the loosening of the urban tissue, and urban sprawl are going to increase anthropopressure, inhibit access to mental health treatment, and will even further contribute to the isolation of part of the society. In addition, research has shown that urban structure loosening as a kind of distancing is not an effective method in the fight against the SARS-COV pandemic. Creating dense and effective cities through the appropriate management of development during and after the pandemic may be a key element that will facilitate the prevention of mental health deterioration and wellbeing. It is also the only possibility to achieve the selected Sustainable Development Goals, which as of today are under threat.
The Geographical Indication Pathway to Sustainability: A Framework to Assess and Monitor the Contributions of Geographical Indications to Sustainability through a Participatory Process
Authors: Vandecandelaere Emilie , Samper Luis Fernando , Rey Andrés , Daza Ana , Mejía Pablo , Tartanac Florence , Vittori Massimo
Published: July 2021

Geographical Indications (GIs) are widely considered as tools to contribute to sustainability (The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations—FAO, 2009; 2017), if established and well managed. While the literature may not always agree on the positive effects of GIs in all sustainability dimensions (e.g., economic, social, and environmental), there is evidence that engaging GI producers in a sustainability strategy can maximize their contribution to different components of sustainable development. FAO and oriGIn developed the sustainability strategy for GI (SSGI) to support GI producers and their associations so that they could engage in a place-based and participative approach in order to generate concrete progress and results. This paper presents original research for building both a framework and database for the selection and use of relevant sustainability indicators for GIs. A number of SSGI principles have guided the work throughout an iterative process for reviewing, selecting, and improving relevant indicators, while the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture (SAFA) has provided the structure to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other widely used and recognized sustainability frameworks. As a result of this work, a database of 372 robust sustainability indicators that are relevant to GIs have been characterized to facilitate their use by practitioners. The discussion highlights the importance of the place-based approach, and the participative, inclusive process that represents the key to empowerment and the ability to develop alliances. It also focuses on action, and the need to strengthen both internal and external communication.
Patterns and Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Myanmar
Authors: Naing Tun Zaw , Dargusch Paul , McMoran DJ , McAlpine Clive , Hill Genia
Published: July 2021

Myanmar is one of the most forested countries of mainland Southeast Asia and is a globally important biodiversity hotspot. However, forest cover has declined from 58% in 1990 to 44% in 2015. The aim of this paper was to understand the patterns and drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar since 2005, and to identify possible policy interventions for improving Myanmar’s forest management. Remote sensing derived land cover maps of 2005, 2010 and 2015 were accessed from the Forest Department, Myanmar. Post-classification change detection analysis and cross tabulation were completed using spatial analyst and map algebra tools in ArcGIS (10.6) software. The results showed the overall annual rate of forest cover loss was 2.58% between 2005 and 2010, but declined to 0.97% between 2010 and 2015. The change detection analysis showed that deforestation in Myanmar occurred mainly through the degradation of forest canopy associated with logging rather than forest clearing. We propose that strengthening the protected area system in Myanmar, and community participation in forest conservation and management. There needs to be a reduction in centralisation of forestry management by sharing responsibilities with local governments and the movement away from corruption in the timber trading industry through the formation of local-based small and medium enterprises. We also recommend the development of a forest monitoring program using advanced remote sensing and GIS technologies.
Nature, Nurture, and Noise: Developmental Instability, Fluctuating Asymmetry, and the Causes of Phenotypic Variation
Authors: Graham John H.
Published: July 2021

Phenotypic variation arises from genetic and environmental variation, as well as random aspects of development. The genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) components of this variation have been appreciated since at least 1900. The random developmental component (noise) has taken longer for quantitative geneticists to appreciate. Here, I sketch the historical development of the concepts of random developmental noise and developmental instability, and its quantification via fluctuating asymmetry. The unsung pioneers in this story are Hugo DeVries (fluctuating variation, 1909), C. H. Danforth (random variation between monozygotic twins, 1919), and Sewall Wright (random developmental variation in piebald guinea pigs, 1920). The first pioneering study of fluctuating asymmetry, by Sumner and Huestis in 1921, is seldom mentioned, possibly because it failed to connect the observed random asymmetry with random developmental variation. This early work was then synthesized by Boris Astaurov in 1930 and Wilhelm Ludwig in 1932, and then popularized by Drosophila geneticists beginning with Kenneth Mather in 1953. Population phenogeneticists are still trying to understand the origins and behavior of random developmental variation. Some of the developmental noise represents true stochastic behavior of molecules and cells, while some represents deterministic chaos, nonlinear feedback, and symmetry breaking.
Topological and Dynamical Aspects of Jacobi Sigma Models
Authors: Bascone Francesco , Pezzella Franco , Vitale Patrizia
Published: July 2021

The geometric properties of sigma models with target space a Jacobi manifold are investigated. In their basic formulation, these are topological field theories—recently introduced by the authors—which share and generalise relevant features of Poisson sigma models, such as gauge invariance under diffeomorphisms and finite dimension of the reduced phase space. After reviewing the main novelties and peculiarities of these models, we perform a detailed analysis of constraints and ensuing gauge symmetries in the Hamiltonian approach. Contact manifolds as well as locally conformal symplectic manifolds are discussed, as main instances of Jacobi manifolds.
Small Solutions of the Perturbed Nonlinear Partial Discrete Dirichlet Boundary Value Problems with (p,q)-Laplacian Operator
Authors: Xiong Feng , Zhou Zhan
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider a perturbed partial discrete Dirichlet problem with the (p,q)-Laplacian operator. Using critical point theory, we study the existence of infinitely many small solutions of boundary value problems. Without imposing the symmetry at the origin on the nonlinear term f, we obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of infinitely many small solutions. As far as we know, this is the study of perturbed partial discrete boundary value problems. Finally, the results are exemplified by an example.
1-Vinylazulenes with Oxazolonic Ring-Potential Ligands for Metal Ion Detectors; Synthesis and Products Properties
Authors: Cristea Mihaela , Bîrzan Liviu , Dumitrascu Florea , Enache Cristian , Tecuceanu Victorita , Hanganu Anamaria , Drăghici Constantin , Deleanu Călin , Nicolescu Alina , Maganu Maria , Razus Alexandru C.
Published: July 2021

As a continuation of research on 1-vinylazulenes synthesis, on their physico–chemical properties as well as on their use as colorimetric and electrochemical materials for the detection of heavy metals ions, new compounds, 4-(azulen-1-ylmethylene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones, are reported. The exceptional structure of azulene moiety with symmetrical electron distribution only with respect to the x-axis gives some special chemical and physical properties to compounds in which it is inserted. Various azulene-1-carbaldehydes and hippuric acids are condensed with good yields in Erlenmeyer—Plöchl reaction conditions. The obtained 1-vinylzulenes were characterized and their UV-Vis and NMR spectra were briefly discussed.
Use of Plant Protection Products in Lombardy, Italy and the Health Risk for the Ingestion of Contaminated Water
Authors: Mercadante Rosa , Dezza Beatrice , Mammone Teresa , Moretto Angelo , Fustinoni Silvia
Published: July 2021

Pesticides used to protect agricultural crops may contaminate groundwater. This work aimed to identify the pesticides used in Lombardy, Italy, in 2016, their concentration in the groundwater and the risk for health associated with the intake of drinkable water in the adult population. The risk was evaluated for the presence of single and multiple active substances in the groundwater, calculating the hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI), respectively. Lombardy utilises an agricultural area of 980,112 h, which is mainly cultivated with cereals (74%). Approximately 2354 pesticides (about 1.3 × 107 kg), containing 410 active substances (about 4.5 × 106 kg) were sold. There were groundwater contamination measurements in 158 monitoring points, which were investigated twice a year for 31 active substances, and a total of 9152 determinations. Only 17 currently used active substance were measured in the groundwater, among which three belonged to the 10 best-sold pesticides. The exceedance of the environmental quality standard was observed for about 1.5% determinations. The intake of contaminated water in the adult population resulted in a HQ typically ranging between 10−3 and 10−4 and a HI of about 10−3. Although the number of pesticides sold in 2016 in Lombardy was big, only a small fraction of active substances was monitored in the groundwater. Considering these monitored substances, the intake of contaminated groundwater in the adult general population posed an irrelevant risk for health.
Rectal Colonization by Drug Resistant Bacteria in Nursing Home Residents in Crete, Greece
Authors: Moschou Aikaterini , Ioannou Petros , Moraitaki Eleni , Stafylaki Dimitra , Maraki Sofia , Samonis George , Kofteridis Diamantis P.
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: In an area with a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), we investigated the colonization of nursing home residents by such organisms. (2) Methods: A point prevalence study was performed in six nursing homes of the Heraklion area on the island of Crete. A rectal swab was taken and cultured from each participant, while additional risk factors such as recent hospitalization or antimicrobial usage were recorded and evaluated. (3) Results: A total of 137 nursing home residents were included in the study. Their mean age was 82.1 years and 19.7% were males. In total, cultures yielded 255 GNB; E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were the most common. Among the microorganisms cultured, 17.6% had the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype, while 18% were MDR. A statistically significant association was found between recent antimicrobial use and colonization by MDR-GNB; (4) Conclusions: Colonization by MDR-GNB was found to be highly prevalent in nursing home residents. Recent antimicrobial use was associated with MDR-GNB carriage.
Sexual Dysfunctions Related to Drugs Used in the Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Narrative Review on α-Blockers and 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
Authors: La Torre Antonio , Palleria Caterina , Tamanini Irene , Scardigli Andrea , Cai Tommaso , Colosimo Manuela , Muraca Lucia , Rania Vincenzo , Mirra Davida , Casarella Alessandro , Marcianò Gianmarco , De Sarro Giovambattista , Gallelli Luca
Published: July 2021

This is a critical review of the current literature data about sexual dysfunction as a potential side effect related to drugs commonly used for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. In this narrative review, we analyzed data from the literature related to the development of sexual dysfunctions during the treatment of BPH or LUTS. Both α-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) can induce erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory disorders and a reduction in sexual desire. The sexual side effect profile of these drugs is different. Among the α-blockers, silodosin appears to have the highest incidence of ejaculatory disorders. Persistent sexual side effects after the discontinuation of finasteride have been recently reported; however, further studies are needed to clarify the true incidence and the significance of this finding. However, most of the published studies are affected by a weak methodology and other important limitations, with only a few RCTs available. Therefore, it is desirable that future studies will include validated tools to assess and diagnose the sexual dysfunction induced by these medications, especially for ejaculation and sexual desire disorders.
Oral Immunization with Lactobacillus casei Expressing the Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Cap and LTB Induces Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses in Mice
Authors: Li Fengsai , Wang Xiaona , Ma Rumeng , Wu Wei , Teng Fei , Cheng Xi , Jiang Yanping , Zhou Han , Wang Li , Tang Lijie , Qiao Xinyuan , Li Yijing
Published: July 2021

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes many diseases in weaned piglets, leading to serious economic losses to the pig industry. This study investigated the immune response following oral administration of Lactobacillus casei ATCC393 (L. casei 393) expressing PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) fusion with the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB) in mice. Recombinant L. casei strains were constructed using plasmids pPG611.1 and pPG612.1. The expression and localization of proteins from recombinant pPG611.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-1-Cap-LTB)/L. casei 393 and pPG612.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-2-Cap-LTB)/L. casei 393 were detected. All recombinant strains were found to be immunogenic by oral administration in mice and developed mucosal and systemic immune responses against PCV2. The titers of specific antibodies in mice administered pPG-2-Cap-LTB/L. casei 393 were higher than those in mice administered pPG-1-Cap-LTB/L. casei 393 in serum and the mucosal samples. The mucosal immune response was not only limited to the gastrointestinal tract but was also generated in other mucosal parts. Thus, the application of recombinant L. casei could aid in vaccine development for PCV2.
Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Morales-Núñez José Javier , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco , Meza-López Carlos , Wang Lin-Fa , Machado Sulbarán Andrea Carolina , Torres-Hernández Paola Carolina , Bedolla-Barajas Martín , De la O-Gómez Brenda , Balcázar-Félix Paulina , Hernández-Bello Jorge
Published: July 2021

The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).
CpG-ODN Signaling via Dendritic Cells-Expressing MyD88, but Not IL-10, Inhibits Allergic Sensitization
Authors: Alberca Ricardo Wesley , Gomes Eliane , Russo Momtchilo
Published: July 2021

Allergen-specific T helper (Th)2 cells orchestrate upon allergen challenge the development of allergic eosinophilic lung inflammation. Sensitization with alum adjuvant, a type 2 adjuvant, has been used extensively in animal models of allergic lung disease. In contrast, type 1 adjuvants like CpG-ODN, a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 agonist, inhibit the development of Th2 immunity. CpG-ODN induce type 1 and suppressive cytokines that influence Th2 cell differentiation. Here, we investigated the immune modulatory effect of CpG-ODN on allergic sensitization to OVA with alum focusing on dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the MyD88 molecule and the suppressive IL-10 cytokine. Using mice with specific cell deletion of MyD88 molecule, we showed that CpG-ODN suppressed allergic sensitization and consequent lung allergic inflammation signaling through the MyD88 pathway on dendritic cells, but not on B-cells. This inhibition was associated with an increased production of IL-10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Sensitization to OVA with CpG-ODN of IL-10-deficient, but not wild-type mice, induced a shift towards Th1 pattern of inflammation. Employing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) pulsed with OVA for sensitizations with or without CpG-ODN, we showed that IL-10 is dispensable for the inhibition of allergic lung Th2 responses by CpG-ODN. Moreover, the lack of IL-10 on DCs was not sufficient for the CpG-ODN-induced immune-deviation towards a Th1 pattern. Accordingly, we confirmed directly the role of MyD88 pathway on DCs in the inhibition of allergic sensitization.
Immunogenicity Studies of Plant-Produced SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain-Based Subunit Vaccine Candidate with Different Adjuvant Formulations
Authors: Siriwattananon Konlavat , Manopwisedjaroen Suwimon , Shanmugaraj Balamurugan , Prompetchara Eakachai , Ketloy Chutitorn , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Tharakhet Kittipan , Kaewpang Papatsara , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Thitithanyanont Arunee , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo
Published: July 2021

Due to the rapid transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causing serious public health problems and economic burden, the development of effective vaccines is a high priority for controlling the virus spread. Our group has previously demonstrated that the plant-produced receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 fused with Fc of human IgG was capable of eliciting potent neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in animal studies, and the immunogenicity could be improved by the addition of an alum adjuvant. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of different commercially available adjuvants, including aluminum hydroxide gel (alum), AddaVax (MF59), monophosphoryl lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R595 (mPLA-SM), and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), in mice by combining them with plant-produced RBD-Fc, and the differences in the immunogenicity of RBD-Fc with different adjuvants were evaluated. The specific antibody responses in terms of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a subtypes and neutralizing antibodies, as well as vaccine-specific T-lymphocyte responses, induced by the different tested adjuvants were compared. We observed that all adjuvants tested here induced a high level of total IgG and neutralizing antibodies, but mPLA-SM and poly (I:C) showed the induction of a balanced IgG1 and IgG2a (Th2/Th1) immune response. Further, poly (I:C) significantly increased the frequency of IFN-γ-expressing cells compared with control, whereas no significant difference was observed between the adjuvanted groups. This data revealed the adjuvants’ role in enhancing the immune response of RBD-Fc vaccination and the immune profiles elicited by different adjuvants, which could prove helpful for the rational development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc subunit vaccines. However, additional research is essential to further investigate the efficacy and safety of this vaccine formulation before clinical trials.
Formation of Professional and Personal Competence of Future Specialists in Social Work
Authors: Bibikova Nadezhda , Karzanova Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

The authors of the article actualised the importance and signifi cance of the formation of professional and personal competence of future specialists in social work in the process of professional training. The article describes the essence of professional and personal competence, defi nes the components of the professional and personal competence (operational, motivational and refl exive), and presents professionally important qualities for specialists in the fi eld of social work. The authors of the article defi ne a number of conditions necessary for the eff ective formation of the professional and personal competence of future specialists in social work.
Interlaboratory comparisons of calibration results of a multifunctional calibrator of electrical quantities
Authors: Dovhan Vasyl , Nikitenko Denys , Shynder Dmytro
Published: July 2021

Article is dedicated to organization and conduct of the calibration results of reciprocal interlaboratory comparisons for the multifunctional calibrator of electric quantities: DC voltage, AC voltage, DC current and AC current. The interlaboratory comparisons of electric quantities measurement instruments calibration results are represented. Evaluation of the laboratory calibration results bias is provided using the modified criterion. Analysis and conclusions concerning participating laboratory competence are provided.
AC phase controlled bridges – ground and main properties
Authors: Surdu Michael , Surdu Dmytro
Published: July 2021

This work describes the new approach to the improving of the accuracy of the bridge impedance measurements. By this approach, the bridge balance in a wide impedance range uses the control of the phases of the aggregate of the cardinal signals only. The optimal structure and algorithm of the control of this aggregate of the cardinal signals is determined. Using this approach accurate impedance meters with low size and price are developed. In the limit, this approach gets us the possibility to develop fully integrated impedance meters. Report shortly describes universal impedance meters with phase control, their balance and calibration algorithms.
Parentalidade e mídias digitais: Estudos sobre crianças e figuras parentais
Authors:   , Guimarães Fernanda Pinto Monteiro
Published: July 2021

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Solução do problema de Riemann para escoamento de água-óleo na presença de solvente em meio poroso.
Authors:   , Cárdenas Jessica Yvonne Santa Cruz
Published: July 2021

Na Engenharia do Petróleo, um dos primeiros métodos de recuperação avançada de petróleo foi o uso de solventes. Porém, este método tornou-se economicamente menos atraente à medida que o valor do solvente aumentava. No final dos anos 70, o interesse pelos métodos de recuperação usando solventes ressurgiu, devido ao aumento do preço do petróleo e à maior confiança na capacidade de estimar a recuperação. Isso motivou mais estudos sobre este tópico. Por exemplo, Walsh e Lake 1989 modelam o deslocamento de óleo por um solvente miscível na presença de uma fase aquosa imiscível. Eles apresentam uma solução geométrica do problema de Riemann correspondente baseada na teoria de fluxo fracionário sem especificar o sistema de equações diferenciais. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o sistema de leis de conservação descrevendo o mesmo modelo do trabalho Walsh e Lake 1989. Foi resolvido o problema de Riemann correspondente classificando as possíveis soluções de acordo com a saturação de água no ponto de injeção. Foram encontradas três possibilidades: (1) onda de choque, (2) onda de rarefação, (3) ondas compostas. Foi demonstrado que a onda de choque é entrópica. Para isso foi provado que a existência da solução na forma de ondas viajantes do problema viscoso associado conectando os equilíbrios correspondentes aos estados do problema de Riemann na forma de α- e ω-limites. Todos os resultados teóricos foram validados através de simulações numéricas.
Resistoma clínico intestinal de indivíduos onívoros, ovolactovegetarianos e vegetarianos estritos
Authors:   , Silva Suzane Fernandes da
Published: July 2021

As atividades humanas têm exercido intensa pressão seletiva nas comunidades microbianas na natureza, o que tem resultado em diferentes níveis de modulação dos diferentes ecossistemas microbianos. Dentre estas atividades, o uso de xenobióticos na produção de alimentos, bem como hábitos alimentares humanos figuram como forças expressivas que contribuem para o fenômeno da resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos. É reconhecido o fluxo genético horizontal entre microbiota exógena e microbiota intestinal humana (MIH), tendo os alimentos um importante papel na veiculação microbiana neste contexto. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar aspectos da resistência clínica da MIH entre indivíduos saudáveis com diferentes hábitos alimentares. Três grupos de voluntários com hábitos alimentares diferentes, onívoros (ON), ovolactovegetarianos (VT) e vegetarianos estritos (VG), foram submetidos à avaliação nutricional e antropométrica. A partir do DNA metagenômico obtido de amostras fecais destes indivíduos, foi avaliada, por PCR convencional, a ocorrência de 37 determinantes genéticos relacionados à resistência aos antimicrobianos de importância médica humana, para caracterização do resistoma clínico. A correlação entre os diferentes hábitos alimentares e a ocorrência de genes de resistência aos antimicrobianos (ARG) foi avaliada. Um total de 19 ON, 20 VT e 19 VG foram analisados. Não houve diferenças significativas na ingestão calórica média entre os grupos. A ingestão média de proteína foi significativamente maior em ON e o consumo de fibras e carboidratos foi maior em VG. Dos ARG pesquisados, 22 foram detectados. Nenhuma relação clara entre dietas e ocorrência de ARG foi observada. Os genes de resistência às tetraciclinas, β-lactâmicos e grupo MLS (macrolídeos, lincosamidas e estreptograminas) foram os mais frequentes, seguidos pelos genes de resistência às sulfonamidas e aminoglicosídeos. Vegetais e alimentos minimamente processados parecem ser a principal fonte de ARG para a MIH. Embora os hábitos alimentares variem entre os indivíduos, o ambiente e a ampla distribuição de ARG a partir de diferentes atividades humanas chamam atenção para a complexidade do fenômeno de resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos e a necessidade de seu manejo no contexto de Saúde Única.