bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current condition of coastal protection structures of Meulaboh, Westcoast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia
Authors: Setyawan W B , Wulandari E
Published: November 2021

Meulaboh is coastal city that has tourism potential. The city has been facing coastal erosion hazard since a long time from high energy wave activity coming from Indian Ocean. To protect the coast from the erosion hazard, a coastal defence structures were built along the city’s coast overlooking the Indian Ocean. Before the 2004 tsunami, hard structures built on the coast that open to waves from the Indian Ocean were damaged by daily wave activity. This study assess effectiveness of the current coastal protection structures protect coastline in the three coastal segments of the city, namely the Padang Seurahet, Ujung Karang and Kampung Pasir, in order to find out if the construction of the structures is the right choice. Related to the tourism potential of Meulaboh City also studied the possibility to expand the function of the structures. The coastal protection structures data for this study were mainly obtained from field observations in June 2021. Effectiveness of the structures protecting coastline were analysed based on technical criteria. Meanwhile, possibility to expand the function of the structures were analysed according to environmental condition of the coastal segments and types of tourism activity. The results of this study show that the hard structure that now exists on Meulaboh coast can protect the city’s coast from the hazard of erosion without negatively impacting the surrounding coastline. In addition, the structure is considered to be expandable to support the development of tourism potential of Meulaboh City. Thus it can be conclude that the choice of hard structure for coastal protection in most of Meulaboh coastline is appropriate.
Development of fishing vessel shipyard in traditional Lampulo, Banda Aceh
Authors: Rizwan T , Muhammad M , Arif M , Agustina I , Rahayu R
Published: November 2021

The construction of ships at the Lampulo shipyard has not all used the rules according to naval architecture. But there may be ineffectiveness in the use of raw materials such as a lot of wasted wood volume. This research was conducted to know the types of wood and equipment used for traditional shipbuilding and know the process of traditional shipbuilding. This research used a survey method and data was collected by interviewing and observation. This research is located in the Kutaraja Ocean Fishery Port, Banda Aceh conducted from March to April 2021. The results showed that the types of wood commonly used as raw materials for shipbuilding in traditional shipyards were bangkirai wood (Shore Laevifolia Endert), laban wood (Vitex Punesceus Vahl), balau wood (Hopea Calebica Burck), meranti merah wood (Shorea Acuminata Dyer), tembusu wood (Fagraea Fragrans Roxb), bungur wood (Lagerstroemia Speciosa Pers), and merbau wood (Intsia Bijuga). The equipment used still uses non-electronic equipment, only drill work that uses electricity. Meanwhile, the traditional shipbuilding process generally begins with laying the keel and installing the crest. Next, continued by frames installation, hull plank then upper hull main frame. Hereinafter, deck floor installation, hatches manufacture, and superstructure construction. The final stage of shipbuilding process is machining, painting, installing engines, propellers, and steering. Thus it can be said that the construction of a fishing vessel in Lampulo still traditionally a hereditary habits.
The socio economic challenge to improve the productivity of brackish water aquaculture business in Aceh Tamiang Regency
Authors: Zulham A , Shafitri N , Yuliaty C. , Mira M , Kurniasari N
Published: November 2021

There were 3,624.5 hectares of the brackish water pond in Aceh Tamiang, which can support the national shrimp export program. The problems arise due to the pond ownership matter, the source of financing, the technology used, and the institutionalization action to improve productivity. The purpose of this research is to improve brackish water pond productivity based on socio-economic aspects in the location. The survey to achieve these aims conducted from April - May 2021, in eight villages in Aceh Tamiang. Data and information were interviewed from 160 pond farmers. Simple statistics and descriptive techniques were used to analyse the data. The main findings are: 91.1 % of the traditional brackish water farmers depend on commercial seed and feed; the productivity of the brackish water pond is between 1.2 tonnes/hectares/year - 2.4 tonnes/hectares/year; the average pond ownership is between 1.1 and 3.4 hectares/farmer; 60% - 94,1% of financial funding to run business depends on their source and the rest from investor or trader. This research recommends: the brackish water farmers in all villages should be organized in one “corporate business” to improve productivity. This institution is owned by farmers based on money stock and managed by professionals.
Phytoremediation in Sandpit Lake: Aquaponic
Authors: Octorina P , Novita M Z , Robin  , Ridwan M
Published: November 2021

Sandpit Lake in Sukabumi area is a suitable site for developing aquaculture. However due to rapid eutrophication only sustainable aquaculture should be applied. We evaluated the ability of lettuce in reducing nutrients from fish culture. This phytoremediation study was carried out using mesocosm, where lettuce as the phytoremediation agent were grown on vegetable floating raft (VFR) together with 25 fish which were grown underneath it and fed by fish feed. We built three sizes of VFR which were 20, 40 and 60% covered the mesocosm surface. The three sizes VFR were the treatment and the 0% covering served as control. Water quality sampling was carried out two times at day zero and day seven of the experiment. We collected temperature, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphate data and analyzed them using ANOVA. Our result showed the nitrogen increased inside mesocosm meanwhile orthoposphat decreased. But the size of VFR did not give any effect to the water quality parameter change. However descriptively, we found that 40% of VFR was able to slowdown the nutrien TAN increasing and orthoposphat concentration found to be low. Moreover, it resulted in the highest lettuce survival. We recommend using 40% coverage in employing an aquaponic system in sandpit lake.
Labor characteristic on brackish water aquaculture in Aceh Tamiang Regency
Authors: Shafitri N. , Zulham A. , Yuliaty C. , Mira  , Kurniasari N
Published: November 2021

Farmer and labor have a working relationship in shrimp aquaculture. These relationships are affected by the social status, economic motive, and competence of the workers/laborers. This research aims to (1) analyze the characteristics of labor in Aceh Tamiang Regency and (2) analyze the work relationships existing in each technology used. The research was conducted in April – May 2021. Primary data were collected from interviews with the purposive respondents using a structured questionnaire. Meanwhile, literature reviews are secondary data obtained from literature reviews and information provided by related institutions. The research findings showed that 89% of the respondents use traditional technology, 5% semi-intensive methods, and 6% apply intensive technology. Conventional technology is commonly self-employed and involves family members. In contrast, the semi-intensive and intensive technologies employ skilled laborers with monthly salaries and the yield sharing system (bagi hasil). Consequently, the capacity of the traditional fish pond farmers needs to improve to achieve the skillful need. Employee relationships in semi-intensive and intensive brackish water business ponds are mainly hired skilled labor from other places by legal binding. Both neglected to employ local people to maintain a social relationship.
An overview of harmful algal blooms and eutrophication in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Sidabutar T , Srimariana E S , Cappenberg H , Wouthuyzen S
Published: November 2021

Algal blooms have been occurring in Jakarta Bay for twenty years. However, recently the occurrence of algal blooms, their harmful effects, and their duration have been intensified. Algal blooms have devastated the marine environment, caused fish mortality, and been detrimental to local tourism, local fishing, and other industries along the coast. It comes to speculation that the increase of anthropogenic activity from surrounding areas is taking a toll on the environment. So, this research aimed to study the recent rise of algal blooms in Jakarta Bay and the possible anthropogenic links, mainly through cultural eutrophication, to the increasing occurrence of red tides and their impact. Observation has been conducted to study the dynamic of algal blooms concerning eutrophication and the existing seasons. Collecting samples were performed using a canonical plankton net from 2008 until 2015. The results showed that the abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 40.90 x 106up to 1699.10 x 106cells.m−3. The highest quantity of cells was observed in May 2010 between rainy to dry seasons. There is evidence that the reported increase in frequency and magnitude of algal bloom events in Jakarta Bay is linked to cultural eutrophication. The recent exponential growth of the city may be a contributing factor in the increasing intensity of algal blooms. The cultural eutrophication of coastal waters increased, leading to the intensity and frequency of algal bloom.
Wave height and period on 16 March, 21 April, and 22 September 2019, in the Ujung Batee coastal waters and Lampanah coastal waters, Aceh Besar District, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan I , Yuni S M , Ulfah M , Purnawan S , Haridhi H A , Masri S R R , Muhammad M , Ilhamsyah Y
Published: November 2021

Waves are one of the sea parameters that affect the rate of retreat of the coastline. This research investigation was carried out in the coastal waters of Ujong Batee and Lampanah, Aceh Besar District on 16 March, 21 April, and 22 September 2019, with the aim of examining wave parameters, namely wave height and period. Then the wave measurement data sampled at the research station location was carried out by purposive random sampling method. Sea wave data were taken using a scale board that has been labeled with numbers and a stopwatch. Wave measurements were carried out approximately 1000 times. Then the sea wave data is processed to obtain the wave height and period and then analyzed. The results obtained that the wave heights on 16 March, 21 April, and 22 September 2019 were 67 cm, 83 cm, and 80 cm in Ujong Batee and 55 cm, 67 cm, and 66 cm in Lampanah. While the wave period is 12 seconds on March 16, April 21, and September 22 in Ujong Batee and Lampanah. Thus, the wave height and period at both locations ranged from 50 cm to 80 cm and 12 s.
Biodiversity of megabenthos and coral reef condition in Tuan Island, Aceh Besar
Authors: Dewiyanti I , Mulyadi M , Ulfa M , Octavina C , Haridhi H A
Published: November 2021

The existence of megabenthos has an important role in maintaining sustainability of coral reef ecosystems and in the food web process. Megabenthos is also often used as an indicator of the health condition of coral reefs. The purpose of study was to analyze the biodiversity of megabenthos associated with coral reef in Tuan Island. This research was conducted in July -September, 2020. There were four research stations determined by purposes method based on four wind directions. Megabenthos data collection carried out by benthos belt transect method and coral reef data collected by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. The results were found 8 species of megabenthos target, namely spiny starfish (Acanthaster planci), blue starfish (Linckia laevigata), sea urchins (Diadema setosum), sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra), clams (Tridacna squamosa), Drupella snails (Drupellasp.), lola clams (Tronchus niloticus) and lobster (Panulirus versicolor). Totally, there were 190 individuals of megabenthos with the abundance ranged from 0.18 to 0.52 individuals/m2.Diadema setosumhad the highest abundance with the value 0.9 individuals/m2followed byDrupulellasp. (0.3 individuals/m2). The highest diversity index was station 4 followed by station 3, 2, and 1 with the value of 2.21, 0.85, 0.64, and 0.41, respectively. The diversity index was categorized as low and medium. The average of evenness and dominance indices were 0.04 and 0.62, both was medium category. The highest percentage of coral cover was at station 1 followed by station 3, 4, and 2, the coral cover value were 50.44%, 29.20%, 18.14%, and 9.29%, respectively. The correlation (r) between the percentage of coral reef cover and megabenthos abundance has a positive correlation, but the level of correlation was low (0.215 %). The density of megabenthos on Tuan Island did not have a major influence on coral reef cover where the determination value (R2) was 0.0462 which indicated that the megabenthos abundance was influenced by the percentage of coral reef cover only 4.62%.
Recruitment of hard coral after coral bleaching in Krueng Raya Water, Aceh Besar
Authors: Ulfah M , Siswanto A , Agustina S , Purnawan S
Published: November 2021

Krueng Raya waters is an area that has a distribution of coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to determine the recruitment of hard corals after coral bleaching Krueng Raya waters, Aceh Besar District. This research was conducted in April 2017 in Krueng Raya, Aceh Besar. Data were collected at three observation stations using a systematic sampling method using a 1x1 m quadratic transect. Based on the study results, coral recruitment was obtained from eight families and 13 genera (Acropora, Cetenactis, Diploastrea, Favia, Favites, Galaxea, Goniastrea, Helliopora, Leptastrea, Montastrea, Pavona, Pocillopora, and Porites). Where the most abundant coral genus found was from the genus Pocilopora and Porites (16 coloni/10m2). while the station with the highest colony abundance was at station 3 with 28 colonies/10m2.
Puupehenone, an Anticancer Produced by the Indonesian Marine Sponge Hyrtios sp.
Authors: Kurnianda Viqqi , Musman Musri
Published: November 2021

In a continuous study on the Indonesian marine sponges, we found aHyrtiossponge during our expedition in Lhok Mata Ie, an isolated place around Aceh Besar, Indonesia in 2017. The bioassay-guided separation with several steps of chromatography was applied to give pure material. Moreover, the spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of puupehenone (1), a unique class of merosesquiterpene together with its analogs (2-3). Their structures and bioactivity against multidrug-resistantEscherichia coli(MDRE. coli) together with several cell lines are described here.
Numerical models of hydrodynamics and marine debris in the Malacca Strait
Authors: Ondara K , Purnawan S
Published: November 2021

The Malacca Strait is a very strategic world trade route and the potential for environmental pollution is also very large, especially pollution from ship and people activities. This study aims to perform numerical simulations to determine the movement of marine debris particles around the waters of Rupat Island, Malacca Strait. The modelling was carried out from June to December 2020 using a modelling application with the basic principles of mesh discretization and the Lagrangian method. The results showed maximum current velocity during the simulation around the distribution area of debris is a maximum of 0.92 m/s. Marine debris around the waters of Rupat Island, the Malacca Strait has the potential to be stranded on the mainland of Rupat Island, mainland Riau, Bengkalis Island and also mainland Malaysia.
The density and distribution of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Krueng Cut, Aceh Besar
Authors: Ramadhaniaty M , Octavina C , Putri FA , Karina S , Ichsan
Published: November 2021

Crassostrea gigas is a Pacific oyster that has the largest size among the other oysters. This oyster is most often found because of its ability to adapt to a variety of environments. Krueng Cut is an estuary area that gets a lot of nutrient input from sea water because it is directly adjacent to the ocean. This condition makes this area has a high abundance of oysters with high fishing and antropogenic activities as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the density and distribution of the oyster population from 3 representative stations along the estuary area of Krueng Cut. The method used in this study is random sampling using a quadratic transect. The results show that the highest density is indicated by station 3 with 55.67 ind/m2 and the lowest density is indicated by station 1 is 40.33 ind/m2. These results indicate that the activities of residents, the entry of contaminants from antropogenic affect the density of oysters. The distribution of oysters from the three stations showed similarities, namely they tended to grouping. The aquatic environment at the three research stations still supports the growth of oysters. This study confirms that there has been a decline in the population, which is characterized by a decrease in the number of catches and a smaller size of oysters.
Beach sands deposite identification using very low frequency method in the Benteng Lubuk, Krueng Raya coastal area
Authors: Jannah M , Muhammad M , Marwan  , Jalil Z
Published: November 2021

The 2D subsurface identification work of iron sands in Benteng Lubuk, Krueng Raya was successfully studied using the very low frequency method based on resistivity mode (VLF-R). This study aims to identify iron sand deposits in coastal areas using electromagnetic inversion. The inversion process shows a conductivity zone of iron sand area, where the resistive layer is strongly covered by a conductive layer above it. High resistivity values were found at 80-100 m stations. This layer has a resistivity value between 20000 – 40000 m and the conductivity value tend to be low. It is estimated that at this point there will only be manifestations of iron sand or sea water intrusion, due to the location of the track close to the coastline.
Embryogenesis of climbing perch fish Anabas testudineus Bloch 1792 at incubation temperature of 28°C
Authors: Rahmadi R , Syahril A , Nur F M , Maulida S , Muchlisin Z A
Published: November 2021

Information on the embryonic development of fish is important to understand the early life history of fish, this information is useful for fish breeding, especially in crossbreeding and genetic engineering. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the process of embryonic development and the incubation time of climbing perch eggs which were incubated at a temperature of 28 °C. The results showed that the embryonic development of betok fish was divided into six phases, namely the cleavage phase (3 hours and 5 minutes), morula (4 hours and 30 minutes), blastula (5 hours, and 40 minutes), gastrula (8 hours, and 47 minutes), organogenesis (15 hours, and 39 minutes) and hatched. At an incubation temperature of 28 °C, the climbing perch fish eggs hatched 18 hours and 38 minutes after fertilization.Introduction
Conservation impact from Lamteungoh fishing village: lesson learned from Aceh coastal area
Authors: Haridhi H A , Agustina S , Damora A , Fajri I
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is an archipelago nation with most of its big cities lays on or adjacent to the coastal area. Thus, driving huge demand for marine and fisheries resources in the concerning region. However, with a long coastline, the rural areas or coastal villages are distributed along the coast surrounding the archipelago, therefore it is reasonable to consider the impact being given by the coastal village on its effort toward conservation. In this study, we applied the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Management System (RAFMS), which is a recently developed technique to quickly assess the fisheries management system, which is time-efficient, was cost-effective and was gathered from coastal community and stakeholders. In this study, the study area is located at Lamteungoh village in the coastal area of Peukan Bada subdistrict, Aceh Province. This village is known for its pristine coastal and marine ecological condition compare to the other region. The result shows that the traditional fishermen institution called the Panglima Laot has a significant role in the region’s conservation actions. Some policies of implementing area- and time-based restrictions in engagement to the marine resource by the fishermen, as well as restrictions to catch particular marine species have impacted positively towards conservation activities in the region. Thus, it is possible to replicate this traditional management system at the other coastal areas beside Aceh province in Indonesia.
Simulation of a perovskite sandwich solar cell with the p-CZTS / p-CH3NH3PbCI3 / p-CZTS absorber layers
Authors: Mahmood Marwah S , Hassan N K
Published: November 2021

Perovskite solar cells attract the attention because of their unique properties in photovoltaic cells. Numerical simulation to the structure of Perovskite on p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS absorber layers is performed by using a program solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), with changing absorber layer thickness. The effect of thickness p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS, layers at (3.2μm, 1.8 μm, 1.1 μm) respectively are studied. The obtained results are short circuit current density (Jsc
), open circuit voltage (V
oc), fill factor (F. F) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) equal to (28 mA/cm2, 0.83 v, 60.58 % and 14.25 %) respectively at 1.1 μm thickness. Our findings revealed that the dependence of current - voltage characteristics on the thickness of the absorbing layers, an increase in the amount of short circuit current density with an increase in the thickness of the absorption layers and thus led to an increase in the conversion efficiency and improvement of the cell by increasing the thickness of the absorption layers.
Investigation of pollution level of groundwater in the ALjazaier Area, Babil
Authors: Hadi N S , Jabbur Z S
Published: November 2021

A total with 15 samples was collected from 3 wells in the aljazaier distreet in Babil governorate for the period from January to April 2020, to study the microbial contamination represented by fecal bacteria, while chemical contamination includes a physochemical and the heavy element’s properties. The goal of this study: Study the water of some wells from some microbes and chemical aspects and evaluate this according to Iraqi standards and specifications. Results showed microbial pollution by fecal Coliform bacteria in well water when using Using the agar media. Results showed the difference in the mean of (MPN) of well water. It was found that the EC value (1061) μs/cm was exceeded the permissible limit in W1, Cl values (325, 430)mg/l, pb values (0.43, 0.14) μg/l and Ni values (0.11, 0.11) μg/l and the permissible limit were exceeded in W1, W2 and SO4 values (681, 653, 584) mg / l also the permissible limit was exceeded in W1, W2 and W3 as well as Ag value (0.12) μg/l is in W1 only. The total risk index (HIT) in the groundwater for W1, W2, W3 was acceptable for adult values ΣHI( 0.23, 0.97, 3.8E-4 ) and children values ΣHI ( 2.6E-2, 1.6E-2, 1.3E-3 ) respectively.
Surface Heat Budget estimation for Laurance Lake, US
Authors: Abed-Zaid Dahlia S. , Al-Zubaidi Hussein A. M.
Published: November 2021

Estimating heat budget factors are important to understand the many physical processes of large lakes and their reaction to the atmosphere. Some of these components are affected by water temperature, while the other depends on atmospheric conditions. This paper estimates the total heat flux for Lawrence lake via a code developed in MATLAB environment. The code can deal with different time resolutions if the lake water surface temperature data were at different time resolutions from the meteorological data. Results showed that solar energy peaks at 842 Watt/m2 at 540 Julian day, which is very normal for a sunny summer day, while the longwave radiation has 204 Watt/m2 as a min value. The back radiation did not make any reaction for the variation, but it revealed a small gradient. Furthermore, evaporation recorded - 67 Watt/m2 as a minimum value at 659 Julian day and 360 Watt/m2 as a maximum value at 578.43 Julian day close to the maximum water surface temperature event.
The effect of saturation Methods on natural gypsum rocks
Authors: abdulrahman Dhafar , Hasan Falah , Ibrahim Amjad
Published: November 2021

When the gypsum rock is exposed to the relative humidity in a closed environment for a continuous period, the result is an increase in the weight of these rocks after the passage of the first 24 hours, and there is no effect on the percentage of gypsum that the rocks contain, as the weight increase occurred at the same time for the different gypsum ratios. For rocks submerged in potable water and located within a humid environment, most of these rocks witnessed weight gain, with some exhibiting dissolving behavior. As for the gypsum rocks submerged with water saturated with aqueous calcium sulfate salt, they witnessed weight gain without any solubility. It is worth noting the important effect that relative humidity plays in the atmosphere at high levels, as it stimulated the saturation property to cover and overcome the famous property of gypsum rocks, which is the melting at high humidity.
Effect of Fullerenes Additions on Physical – Mechanical Properties of Hot-Forged Iron-Based Powder Materials
Authors: Kareem Mohammed Qasim , Dorofeyev Vladimir
Published: November 2021

It is possible to expand the applications ranges of powder material products by enhancing the performance properties of these products in addition to their manufacturability and reliability together, it’s possible by materials structures modification. In this paper, the effect of fullerene (C60) additives to iron-based powder material has been studied. All samples produced by Hot-Forging (HF) powder materials technology. Green and HF density of the obtained samples calculated by volume / weight and Archimede’s principle, respectively. The effect of technological parameters on the microstructure of carbon steels’ samples was done by an ALTAMI MET-1M metallographic microscope. Tensile test executed by using of a universal testing machine UMM –5 and the microhardness (HV10) was measured by REICHERT hardness test machine. The results showed that the HF C60 steels’ samples had higher density and strength of 0.81 and 25%, respectively, with a good plasticity in comparison with graphite steels’ samples.
Study of haemoflagellates Trypanosoma sp. infection in some fish of Iraq marshes and relationship of leukocytes with inflammatory response
Authors: Jarallah H M
Published: November 2021

Fresh water fishes infected with different species of genus Trypanosoma parasite that is similar to that same genus in blood of mammals. Trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness disease that causes by protozoa flagellate parasites which live inside cell called Trypanosoma. Fish parasites play an important role in regulating the population of their hosts. This study was implemented to verify the infection with Trypanosoma sp. report the cellular intervening through inflammatory response in blood smears of infected fishes. A total of 190 fishes of three species Carasobarbus luteus, Aspius vorax and Liza abu were collected from Al-Hamare and Al-Chibayish marsh south of Iraq. The flagellate parasite Trypanosoma sp. observed in blood of Carasobarbus luteus 41.42% and Aspius vorax 12.28% fishes, while no infection was recorded with Trypanosoma sp. in Liza abu fishes. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection were calculated. The different counts and various types of inflammatory cells were monitored, there are increased in lymphocytes in the infected fishes. Statistically, there are significant differences (p<0.05) among species of infected fish with Trypanosoma sp.
Constructing the optimal power algorithm for AS/RS systems using multi-mobile robots
Authors: Hameed H M , Rashid A T , Rashid M T , Al Amry K A
Published: November 2021

For any mobile system there is especially advantageous from a business perspective to develop energy-saving techniques that also extend to existing production processes. Therefore, looking for ways to enhance the energy efficiency of robot operations to maximize energy consumption efficiency is of considerable significance, a route-planning issue that refers to finding the shortest path to meet the predetermined goal location in a certain complex environment. So, one of the energy saving methods for a multi-mobile robot environment is to find the optimal path for a mobile robot that can improve power consumption. In this paper, an optimal power algorithm for “automatic storage and retrieval system” using multi-mobile robots is introduced based on efficient motion planning among a group of multi-mobile robots that gives a significant improvement in the level of energy consumption. Energy mechanism can be achieved using electrical power quantities on real robots, models or analytical equations based on robots’ physical model. The simulation results indicate that the algorithm enhanced power consumption efficiency.
Design and Implementation of Sunlight Tracking Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Majhool Mohammed Hassan , Salim ALRikabi Haider TH. , Farhan Mansour S.
Published: November 2021

In this article, for smart management and control of the solar pursuing device, an archetype is designed to evaluate or verify administration system and control. The newly-built prototype is designed for several applications to be a powerful platform for understanding the smart solar energy method. The Internet of Stuff integrates ordinary items using the Internet to enter the physical world. The IoT technology is facilitated to track solar PV (photovoltaic) power generation that can improve plant upkeep, tracking, and efficiency. This would include monitoring the solar panel and pointing it into the sunlight. It’s all feasible to utilize LDR sensors. The IoT automatically preserves track of the voltage supply the solar panel detects the towards of sunlight. The suggested system demonstrates the online utilization of solar PV power.
Concrete Properties using Treated Recycled EPS
Authors: Mohammed Hasan Jasim , Hussein Yasir Gaib
Published: November 2021

The study explores the mechanical properties of treated recycled extended polystyrene (TEPS) concrete, treated by two methods, one by heating, and the other by immersed recycled EPS in cement neat. By substituting 0 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 % of the coarse aggregate volume with treated recycled EPS, (for both method). Treated recycled TEPS concrete ratios are experimentally prepared, while the cement is substituted thru 10 % silica fume (SF). Tests were carried out, like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and density. The outcomes display the decreasing of the compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of rupture of TEPS concretes with rise TEPS percentage around 26 %, 17 % and 32 %, respectively (35% TEPS) related to standard concrete. They also show that TEPS concrete density decrease about 30 % of normal concrete. The TEPS is suitable in concrete and meets provisions.
Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Demolition Aggregate
Authors: Mohammed Hasan Jasim , Sabir Zeina Saad
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to investigate the properties of Recycled Demolition Aggregate (RDA) concrete. Five RDA concrete ratios are prepared experimentally by substituting, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the gravel weight with RDA. While, the 10% of cement is substituted by silica fume (Si). Adding steel fibres (SF) (0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 %). Treated RDA with cement mortar and superplasticizer (SP) admixture added to (1%) of total cementitious materials (TCM). The concrete properties exams performed such as; density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of rupture. The tests concluded that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and rupture modulus values of RDA concretes are reduced with an increased RDA ratio relative to normal concrete. Density of RDA concrete reduces around 9% of normal concrete. The RDA is suitable in concrete and meets specifications.
Prediction and Forecasting of Maximum Weather Temperature Using a Linear Autoregressive Model
Authors: Zubaidi Salah L. , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Hashim Khalid , Al-Bdairi Nabeel Saleem Saad , Farhan Sabeeh L. , Defae Asad Al , Jameel Mohammed J.
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the autoregressive (AR) model performance in prediction and forecasting the monthly maximum temperature. The temperature recordings are collected over 12 years (i.e., 144 monthly readings). All the data are stationaries, which is converted to be stationary, via obtaining the normal logarithm values. The recordings are then divided into 70% training and 30% testing sample. The training sample is used for determining the structure of the AR model while the testing sample is used for validating the obtained model in forecasting performance. A wide range of model order is selected and the most suitable order is selected in terms of the highest modelling accuracy. The study shows that the monthly maximum temperature can accurately be predicted and forecasted using the AR model.
Forecasting of Air Maximum Temperature on Monthly Basis Using Singular Spectrum Analysis and Linear Autoregressive Model
Authors: Saad Al-Bdairi Nabeel Saleem , Zubaidi Salah L. , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Hashim Khalid , Farhan Sabeeh L. , Defae Asad Al
Published: November 2021

In this research, the singular spectrum analysis technique is combined with a linear autoregressive model for the purpose of prediction and forecasting of monthly maximum air temperature. The temperature time series is decomposed into three components and the trend component is subjected for modelling. The performance of modelling for both prediction and forecasting is evaluated via various model fitness function. The results show that the current method presents an excellent performance in expecting the maximum air temperature in future based on previous recordings.
Physical Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Na-Geopolymer Paste Designed by a Taguchi Method
Authors: Ahmed Al-dujaili Mohammad A. , Disher Al-hydary Imad A. , Hassan Zainab Zayer
Published: November 2021

Geopolymer paste is a revolutionary building material that the chemical activity of inorganic molecules will create. It is an alternative to traditional Portland cement and is more Eco-friendly. This analysis aimed to classify the mixtures and their process parameters suitable for the development of Geo-polymer paste with one of the ultimate compressive powers, the highest-lowest porosity, and the lowest-lowest final and initial setting time. In the experimental design of the Geo-polymer-based-metakaolin, a Taguchi methodology has been utilized. Five variables parameters were chosen that are mostly to influence the properties of the geopolymer. These are the quantity of Si, alkali, the proportion of alkali reagents, duration of blending, and water amount. These variables’ influence has been calculated at 7 and 28 days on compressive strengths, porosity, density, and setting time. The analysis indicates that the strong compressive strength (115MPa) of Geopolymer paste could be achieved with the formula (1Na2O. Al2O3. 3.8SiO2.xH2O) utilizing suitable processing conditions under which the molar ratio of alkali silicate to alkali hydroxide must be held within the range of 3.25-3.02.
A Review of New Solar Still Design Comprising a Five-Sided Glass Cover and Equipped with an External Tank for PCM
Authors: Shareef Abbas Sahi , Kurji Hayder Jabbar , Matrood Hassan Abdulameer
Published: November 2021

Various human activities have led to the consumption of large quantities of pure water, which has led researchers to find efficient and economical methods for desalinating seawater and water containing impurities. In this review paper, solar energy where it is permanent, abundant and environmentally friendly, to produce pure water was discussed using a new solar distillation device, representing the paper’s novelty. The distillation was designed and used in the way led to increase efficiency and improve productivity by adding a solar collector to the system and equipped with a tank containing phase change material (PCM). It has a low melting point and can change the phase by absorbing the system’s latent heat to maintain the system’s temperature. Which contributes to increasing the distillation period even after sunset, thus increasing the daily productivity of freshwater. Using phase change materials will increase distillation hours from (3-4) hours after sunset, increasing the amount of production between (75 - 90) %.
Improvement of Thermal Performance of Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger Utilizing Air Bubble Injection Technique
Authors: Hasan Saif Salah , Baqir Ali Shakir , Mahood Hameed B
Published: November 2021

The heat transfer enhancement in terms of temperature of a vertical helically coiled tube heat exchanger is carried out experimentally. The experiments were achieved in a heat exchanger with a 50 cm height and 15 cm internal diameter under four different cold and three hot water mass flow rates and four different airflow rates. At the same time, the temperature difference was taken invariant (ΔT=20°C). To avoid some uncertainties, the hot side temperature of the heat exchanger was measured via k-type thermocouples. The results showed that the increase of air injection flow rate improved heat transfer from the hot stream flowing in the coil to the shell’s cold stream. An intimate thermal mixing when air injected is clearly observed, which could be responsible for the heat exchanger’s thermal enhancement. Finally, the injected air pressure was noticed to be having only a minor effect on thermal performance improvement.
Experimental Investigation of a Single Slope Solar Still Performance- Evaporation Process Enhancement Using Evacuated Pipes
Authors: Jaafar Zahraa Abdulkareem , Hameed Hassanain Ghani
Published: November 2021

The single slope solar still productivity strongly depends on the amount of energy absorbed by the solar still basin plate. Therefore, increasing either the basin plate’s absorption or enhancing the heat transfer with raw water will increase the pure water production rates. To improve the evaporation and the solar still thermal performance, custom-designed evacuated copper pipes with different diameters and water filling rates are experimentally investigated in this paper. Moreover, it has been noticed that pure water productivity is significantly affected as it improved by 90.09% when using a 15mm diameter pipe with a 50% filling ratio.
Engineered electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of E. coli from wastewaters
Authors: Al-Imara Eman A. , Al-Jaryan Rand L. , Jawad Sabrean F. , Kareem Mohanad M. , Mubarak Hayfaa A.
Published: November 2021

As a consequence of natural pollution, water and sewage are polluted in many nations across the globe. Especially in poorer countries, sewage treatment and disposal practices are often substandard. Throughout many limited-income nations, the poor economic condition and absence of resources assistance severely hamper the planning and application of novel water and sewage systems. This has resulted in a rise in the number of bio-contaminants in the environment. The objective of this study is to use electrocoagulation as a low-cost method to remove or lower the amount of bio contaminant in sewage. By transmitting a voltage between the two conductors, disinfectants are generated in place. Sewerage samples were obtained at the Kerbala wastewater treatment plant, which is situated south of Kerbala, Iraq. In this work, steel plates were utilized to create coagulants. Furthermore, the effect of many factors on the performance of the electrolysis device was studied, namely spacing among electrodes and current density. The analysis indicates after 40 min of irradiation employing electrodes spaced 5mm apart and a current intensity of 2 mA/cm2, the E. coli bacteria as a biocontrol agent were killed. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that an initial pH value of 6.0 is appropriate for bio-contaminants removal utilizing electrocoagulation.
Evaluating the Durability of Green Cement Mortar Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Authors: Abdulridha Ali , AlQuzweeni Saif S. , AlKizwini Rasha S. , Saleh Zahra A. , Hashem K. S.
Published: November 2021

Various experimental studies have highlighted the negative consequences of Portland cement on health and the environment, such as toxic emissions and alkaline sewage. The development of environmentally acceptable substitutes for cement is thus one of the objectives of current investigations. The proposed environmental alternatives to cement, nevertheless, might have detrimental impacts on the concrete’s characteristics. This investigation intends to study the suitability as alternatives to cement in cement mortar, using industrial wastes like silica fume and cement kiln dust. As a replacement for cement, the cement mortars developed in this research continue from 0% to 60% silica fume and cement kiln dust. Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests at 1 to 4 weeks of age were conducted on hardened specimens. The findings showed that a low reduction in the pulse velocity resulted from high proportions of silica fume and cement kiln dust replacements, whereas an improvement in the characteristics of the mortars with low replacement ratios. Using low kiln dust and silica fume of 20 to 40%, the durability of mortars may increase.
Utilizing industrial by-products as eco-friendly adsorbent for phosphate removal: An experimental approach
Authors: Mohammed S.
Published: November 2021

One of the widely present elements in the groundwater and surface water is phosphate due to two reasons; firstly, it is available at high concentrations in the soil, and secondly, it is widely available in wastewaters (industrial, agricultural and domestic wastewaters). Although phosphate causes many problems to the aquatic environment, eutrophication is the most severe problem due to its effects on water quality, economy, and health. Therefore, a number of studies have been made to evaluate the ability of different remedies to eliminate phosphates from wastewaters. Recently, phosphorus extraction may be achieved by filtering the contaminated solution. However, the cost of filtration materials is still high. Due to this reason, research to date has focused on employing inexpensive materials to reduce the cost of the filtering process. In this research, a by-product of steel manufacturing, kiln bottom ashes, was used to extract phosphates from polluted wastewater, considering the impacts of a number of operating parameters, such as to achieve the best possible extraction efficiency for the lowest possible cost. The findings of this study proved the excellent ability of the bottom ash in the extraction of phosphate from wastewater, where it removed more than 90% of 5 mg/L of phosphate after 40 minutes of treatment using 530 mg/L of bottom ash.
Electrochemical remediation of wastewater contaminated by phenol
Authors: Shallal Muhammed A. , Radhi Saif S. , Shabaa Ghusoon J. , Abdulredha M. , Kareem Mohanad M. , Mubarak Hayfaa A.
Published: November 2021

One of the most significant contributors to water contamination is the petroleum sector. Large volumes of refinery effluent contaminated with numerous sorts of contaminants are discharged into water sources, causing substantial environmental harm. As a result, researchers looked at the use of a variety of treatment techniques to mitigate the impacts of refinery effluent. Utilising hybrid electrodes (iron as cathodes, and aluminium as anodes) electrodes, this investigation intends to use the electrocoagulation method to minimised phenol contaminants from refinery effluent. In addition, the influence of experimental parameters such as electrical current density, electrode spacing, and duration of treatment on the elimination of phenols was investigated in this study. To eliminate the phenols from the effluent, batch flow investigations were employed. According to the findings, the electrocoagulation technique decreased the number of phenols in petroleum effluent. The hybrid electrocoagulation unit was able to decrease the phenol content by around 45%. With a current density of 4 mA/cm2 and electrode separation of 2cm, the highest removal efficiency was reached after 110 minutes of treatment. Other experiment factors, such as the original amount of the phenols, must be examined.
Elimination of phenol from refineries effluents using electrocoagulation method
Authors: Abdulredha M , Khalil Amal H. , Ali Sarah A. , Idowu Ibijoke , Amoako-Attah J.
Published: November 2021

The crude oil industry is a major source of water pollution because of huge volumes of refining effluents discharged into the aquatic environment. This effluent consequently consists of substances that causes harm to the aquatic environment and depletes the aquatic population due to depleted oxygen. This study investigated the application of various treatment procedures and materials to reduce the effects of refining process effluent on water. The current study proposes to employ the electrocoagulation (EC) method in the removal of phenol contamination from refining effluent utilising aluminium electrodes. Continuous flow studies have been carried out in order to remove phenolic chemicals from refinery effluent effects of experimental factors such as electrical current density (ECD), distances between electrodes (DE), and treatment durations (TD) while phenols were eliminated were examined. The results show that the EC method reduced the phenol level in petroleum refinery discharge. The EC unit decreased the phenol level by 57% using aluminium as electrodes. The-optimal removal efficiency was found at 120 TD with an ECD of 6 mA/cm2 and a DE of 20 mm.
Functionally Graded Antibacterial Biomaterial Coatings for Titanium Base Alloy
Authors: Mohammed Sura B. , AbidAli Abdulraheem K.
Published: November 2021

Metal implants made of titanium and its alloys need surface modification operations because they are weak in terms of osseointegration and to protect them from corrosive body fluids and the growth of harmful bacteria that prevent them from performing their function and cause their failure. Hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide have proven high efficiency by using them as biological and anti-bacterial coating. The basis of the current study is to deposit a functionally graded ceramic coating of titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite on a Ti6Al4V substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method at room temperature with optimal conditions of 20 volts and a deposition time of 1 minute, and then sintering in an atmosphere of argon at a temperature of 950°C for one hour. In addition, polarisation, open circuit, anti-bacterial activity, XRD, SEM, EDS was conducted. The laboratory results showed that the corrosion rate decreases for the coated samples compared to the uncoated. As for the SEM examination, the cross-section images showed that the gradient coating is dense, cohesive and free from microscopic cracks. Also, the surface images showed that the surface was uniform. In terms of XRD, the results showed the presence of rutile, anatase, and hydroxyapatite phases in addition to α_CaPO and β_TCP as a result of HAp decomposition. For the anti-bacterial examination, the findings revealed that the coating is anti-bacterial.
Effect of tannery wastewater exposure on chromium detected in the meat of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Authors: Ihsan T , Edwin T , Kartika R
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to analyze the bioaccumulation of chromium (Cr) in the meat of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) due to exposure to tannery wastewater. The wastewater concentration variations were 1.85% and 3.69% of the LC50 96-h. The study was carried out in triples, seven days of acclimatization, and 30 days of observation (exposed to wastewater). The measurement of Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and calculation of BCF states the level of bioaccumulation in fish meat. The result showed the BCF value at a concentration of 1.85%, and 3.69% ranged 2.667-40.984, and 2.667-85.651 consecutively. It concluded that tilapia has a low accumulation rate.