bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecosistema emprendedor universitario costarricense y su vínculo con la intención emprendedora: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Herrera-Valverde Daniela , Mora-Esquivel Ronald , Leiva Juan Carlos
Published: April 2020

La literatura sobre ecosistemas universitarios emprendedores ha evidenciado posibles factores relativos a la intención emprendedora, sin embargo, todavía existe un vacío significativo de información. Este artículo busca aportar un modelo conceptual que integre diversos componentes de un ecosistema emprendedor universitario que podrían estar asociados a la intención emprendedora. El estudio cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio, basado en 10 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales ligados con la actividad emprendedora en 10 universidades, públicas y privadas de Costa Rica, plantea seis pilares: el diseño curricular, las actividades co-curriculares, la infraestructura organizativa, el compromiso estratégico, la asignación de recursos financieros y la participación de redes globales académicas y de emprendimiento. Asimismo, define la tecnología como eje transversal. El estudio confirma, desde la óptica de los entrevistados, un posible conjunto de pilares y sus componentes que estarían asociados con la intención emprendedora. Se destaca la importancia del alineamiento estratégico de las universidades, la promoción de una cultura emprendedora, el valor de las actividades co-curriculares, el rol docente y la articulación con el ecosistema nacional.
TAXONOMIA DE ESTRATÉGIAS ABRANGENTES E COMPETÊNCIAS ORGANIZACIONAIS COMO INFLUENCIADORES DO DESEMPENHO: ANÁLISE NO SETOR DE JOIAS, SEMIJOIAS E BIJUTERIAS
Authors: Oliveira Ronielton Rezende , Mesquita José Marcos Carvalho de , Mendonça Luiza Chagas de
Published: April 2020

A gestão estratégica altera a execução dos processos, o registro de indicadores, as ações de monitoramento, os modos de controle e a forma de mensuração dos resultados nas organizações. Os recursos e as competências são influenciadores do desempenho. A análise dos dados utilizou a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling para verificar a influência da tipologia estratégica mediada pelas competências no desempenho. Os resultados mostram que não existe efeito da tipologia estratégica adotada pelas pequenas empresas do setor de joias, semijoias e bijuterias no desempenho. Contudo, as competências técnicas, gerenciais e comerciais têm efeito no desempenho desse setor.
GESTÃO DE PESSOAS: EXPERIÊNCIAS NO SETOR PÚBLICO
Authors: Rahn Martha Marques , Weber Lilian
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar e analisar as tendências da gestão de pessoas no setor público, para o qual foram realizadas entrevistas em cinco organizações públicas sediadas em Porto Alegre. Utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo, sistematizou-se as ‘boas práticas’ encontradas em oito categorias: acompanhamento, avaliação de desempenho, capacitação, cargos e salários, desenvolvimento de lideranças, estrutura do Recursos Humanos, programas e planejamento de pessoal, sendo capacitação a categoria mais citada. A revisão de literatura e o estudo de caso demonstraram que as peculiaridades do setor público não impedem sua modernização em relação à gestão estratégica de pessoas.
Embarazos y sus resultados en las participantes de ensayos clínicos de fase III y IV en el Perú
Authors: Palomino Flores Christian , Mamani Mamani Elisa , Hermoza- Moquillaza Rocío Victoria , Parillo Flores Jenny
Published: April 2020

Objetivos: Identificar la ocurrencia de casos de embarazo, nacimientos y aborto en participantes de ensayos clínicos en fases III y IV, en Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio de análisis de datos secundarios, retrospectivo, de todos los casos de embarazo ocurridos durante la realización de ensayos clínicos, en el periodo 2010 al 2015. Los datos se obtuvieron del sistema virtual REAS-NET, del Instituto Nacional de Salud para el reporte de eventos adversos serios. Se utilizó la prueba de Fisher y Chi cuadrado para el análisis de las variables Resultados: Se encontraron 30 casos de embarazos de pacientes enroladas en los ensayos clínicos, 24 de ellos en ensayos de fase III. El rango de edad fue 19 a 44 años, 21 casos terminaron en aborto. Ninguna de las variables estudiadas presentó asociación significativa con el resultado del embarazo: aborto y nacido vivo normal. Conclusiones: Se encontraron embarazos en las participantes en ensayos clínicos de fase III y IV, la edad correspondió a la edad fértil de las mujeres.
Sarcoma de Ewing extraesquelético subcutáneo primario / PNET. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Paucar-Lescano Patricia K. , Ventura-León Alex , Dagnino-Varas Alejando
Published: April 2020

La familia de tumores del Sarcoma de Ewing (ES) es un grupo poco habitual de neoplasias malignas que pueden localizarse en regiones: óseas como extraóseas. El tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo (PNET), muestra más diferenciación neuronal que el Sarcoma de Ewing (ES) y rara vez se presenta en piel y tejidos subcutáneos. Ocasionalmente se presenta como un cáncer de piel primario, que tiene como características clínicas: una tumoración superficial, en promedio mide 2-3 cm, de consistencia blanda, móvil y algunas veces dolorosa. Los lugares más afectados son espacios paravertebrales, extremidades inferiores, cabeza, cuello y pelvis. Describimos el caso de un varón de 13 años, con 2 tumores superficiales en cuero cabelludo, el examen histológico presentaba una proliferación de células de pequeño tamaño, basófilas, monomorfas; con perfil inmunohistoquímico FLI1 positivo, compatible con PNET.
Factores asociados al riesgo de mediastinitis postoperatoria en cirugía cardiovascular en el Instituto Nacional del Corazón (INCOR)
Authors: Merino José , Cieza Javier
Published: April 2020

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Producción científica y políticas de salud sobre el cigarro electrónico en Latinoamérica
Authors: Huamán-Navarro Alex S. , Morán-Mariños Cristian
Published: April 2020

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Índice de desarrollo humano asociado a la tasa de incidencia estandarizada por edad, análisis de los tres tipos de cáncer más importantes en Lima Perú (2010-2012)
Authors: Zevallos Santillan Enrique , Cruzado Burga José , Avalos Rivera Ruth , Fernández Jeri Leoncio
Published: April 2020

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The COVID-19 Distance Learning: Insight from Ukrainian students
Authors: Nenko Yuliia , Кybalna Nelia , Snisarenko Yana
Published: April 2020

Although distance learning has become an essential part of everyday life of most students during quarantine, there is little evidence regarding its effectiveness among Ukrainian students. The objective of the research is to estimate the effectiveness of current distance learning process in Ukrainian higher educational institutions; outline types of distance education provided; highlight the negative and positive aspects of introducing distance learning; describe the perspectives and approaches to solving the problems of distance education in universities. The study sought to collect data on students' attitudes and needs for distance learning during quarantine by means of the on-line survey – Covid-19 Distance Learning Questionnaire, which involved 540 respondents. Prerequisites for the development of distance education in Ukraine are considered. The findings reveal the most used distance learning tools, duration of learning, types of leisure activities, readiness of participants of educational process for distance learning, factors that affect distance learning (skills, internet speed, emotions) etc. The results obtained in the research can be provided to the governmental agencies, educational institutions and other stakeholders to further improve the process of distance learning.
Pengaruh Beban Kendaraan sebagai Beban Terbagi Rata terhadap Deformasi Geogrid sebagai Perkuatan Embankment
Authors: Patria Adhe Noor
Published: April 2020

Soft soil such as clay was sensitive soil. Public contructions built in this kind of soil would face some problemssuch as long period consolidation time, unstable embankment slope, not easily compacted and high level settlement. Some solution that could be suggested were the usage of vertical drain, or the usage of geosynthetics material such as geogrid combined with floating  piles.Analysis was carried out by using plaxis version 7.2. soil for embankment and embankment foundation was modelled in plane strain. Also geogrid andfloating piles were modelled in palne strain too. Surcharge load on top of embanknet were variated, they were 20, 35 and 50 kPa. The simulation was carried out in staged contruction mode.Final vertical displacement in geogrid due to 50  kPa vehicle load as surcharge load and long term load period (in this case excess pore water pressure was small) was -0,9062 m for  rigid embankment and -1,4206 for interface embankment. The difference occured due to slip at the interface of geogrid and soil. It  leaded to adding soil mass supportd by geogrid, furthermore the deflection of geogrid became bigger.
KAJIAN ATURAN PEMBAYARAN SUBKONTRAKTOR OLEH KONTRAKTOR UTAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Januardi Redityo , Pribadi Krishna Suryanto
Published: April 2020

Peraturan pelaksanaan dari Undang-Undang Jasa Konstruksi 2/2017 (UUJK 2/2017) Indonesia masih belum ditetapkan. Harapan untuk peraturan pelaksanaan yang baru salah satunya adalah dapat menjamin kesetaraan kedudukan pengguna dan penyedia jasa, karena salah satu masalah yang sering timbul adalah keterlambatan pembayaran pekerjaan subkontraktor oleh kontraktor utama. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam merancang peraturan pelaksanaan dari UUJK 2/2017 dalam hal mencegah terjadinya keterlambatan pembayaran subkontraktor dengan cara: mengkaji sejauh mana peraturan yang telah diterapkan dalam UUJK 18/1999 dan UUJK 2/2017 terkait pembayaran jasa subkontraktor oleh kontraktor utama yang menjamin kesetaraan kedudukan; dan melakukan kajian komparatif dengan peraturan perundangan beberapa Negara sebagai best practice. Hasil kajian ditemukan bahwa UUJK 18/1999 dan UUJK 2/2017 telah mengatur ketentuan pembayaran subkontraktor sebagai berikut: hubungan kerja kontraktor dan subkontraktor harus tercantum dalam kontrak; cara pembayaran harus diatur dalam kontrak; kewajiban pengguna untuk memantau pembayaran subkontraktor dan melakukan intervensi jika terlambat dibayar; ketentuan apabila terjadi keterlambatan pembayaran; dan kewajiban kontraktor untuk memenuhi hak-hak subkontraktor. Pelaksanaan pembayaran subkontraktor dapat terjamin dengan mencantumkan poin-poin ketentuan minimal dalam kontrak. Kajian komparatif menunjukkan bahwa Negara pembanding memiliki aturan prosedur pembayaran cukup rinci, termasuk batasan waktu pembayarannya dan proses penyelesaian sengketa. Peraturan perundangan Negara pembanding biasa disebut security payment act.
The Effect of Assertive Training on Bullying in Junior High School
Authors: Herman Hermalinda , Nurshal Deswita , Novrianda Dwi
Published: April 2020

Bullying merupakan fenomena yang umum dan masalah yang universal pada anak usia sekolah. Bullying dapat menimbulkan efek yang serius/ negatif terhadap kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan anak. Salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah bullying adalah dengan latihan ketrampilan asertif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh latihan asertif terhadap pencegahan bullying pada siswa SMP 28 Padang. Desain penelitian adalah Quasi eksperimen dengan jumlah sampel 81 sampel (43 Kontrol dan 38 intervensi). Intervensi yang diberikan adalah latihan asertif training dengan 5 sesi selama 30 – 45 menit, yang terdiri dari berkomunikasi dengan orang lain, menyatakan “tidak” pada pernyataan yang tidak rasional, menyatakan keluhan, memberikan penghargaan kepada orang lain dan menerima pernghargaan serta mempertegas perilaku asertif dengan sosia drama. Adolescent Peer Relationship Instruments (APRI) digunakan untuk mengukur perilaku bullying. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perilaku bullying sebelum dan sesudah intervensi antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan ketrampilan asertif dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai intervensi yang dapat mencegah perilaku bullying pada remaja.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimetoxychalcone Against Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cell Line
Authors: Fikroh Retno Aliyatul , Matsjeh Sabirin , Anwar Chairil
Published: April 2020

Breast cancer is one of cancer causes of death in woman. Chemotherapy is one cancer treatment give toxic effects on normal cells. Alternative of cancer treatment by using flavonoid derivative have potent anticancer to reduce side effects of cancer. Chalcone is family of flavonoid that have biological activity. Chalcone derivatives have potential compound as anticancer agent. Chalcone with the presence halogen, metoxy group in ring B is know to inhibit cancer cells. The aims of this research were to synthesize chalcone derivate with bromo, methoxy, and hyroxy group in ring chalcone and to determine the anticancer activity of chalcone derivative. The chalcone derivative was synthesized from 2-hydroxyacetophenone with 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde by Claisen-Schmidt reaction. In vitro cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell was tested by MTT assay method. The compound of 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone was yield in 78% as yellow solid. The IC50 of 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone was 42,19 µg/mL as a moderate activity to inhibiting breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxity of docorubicin againts breast cancer cell line more active than 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone with IC50 10,61 µg/mL. Doxorubicin as drug standar had better anticancer activity than 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone. Based on the IC50 value, the compound 2’-hydroxy-2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone has a moderate activity towards breast cancer cell lines. This study can recommend as candidate for anticancer againts breast cancer cell lines.
Protective Effect of Ipomoea batatas L Leaves Extract on Histology of Pancreatic Langerhans Islet and Beta Cell Insulin Expression of Rats Induced by Streptozotocin
Authors: Novrial Dody , Soebowo Soebowo , Widjojo Parno
Published: April 2020

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) leaf is one of well known vegetables among Indonesian people.  It is also often used as traditional medicine for diabetes mellitus.  This research aimed to investigate the protective effect of I. batatas L leaves extract on the pancreas of IDDM animal model.  Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 treatment groups, and 2 control groups.  Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected at multiple low doses (40 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days,  I. batatas L leaves extract (doses 0.25, 0.8, and 2.5 g/ kg BW) were administered for 14 days after the first STZ injection.  Fasting blood glucose was analyzed after complete STZ induction (day 6), and after 14 days treatment.  At the end of the study, rats were terminated, and pancreas were removed for histological examination and immunohistochemical procedure using anti-insulin antibody.  Diabetic rats treated with 2.5 g/kg BW I. batatas L leaves extract showed lowest fasting blood glucose among treatment groups, and had approximately 50% normal Langerhans islets with functional beta cells.  These results suggest that I. batatas L leaves extract has anti diabetic activity through its protection effect on the pancreas.
Backmatter (Instruction for author and back cover)
Authors: Fatoni Amin
Published: April 2020

Backmatter (Instruction for author and back cover)
IMAGING TROPICAL PEATLAND AND AQUIFER POTENTIAL IN SOUTH SUMATERA USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Rizki Ramdhani Muhammad , Ruhimat Acep , Wiyono Wiyono , Barnes Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Indonesia has one of the largest tropical peatland areas in the world. In Sumatra Island, peatland is spread over 11 areas and it was mainly found in Riau (60.1%) and South Sumatra (19.6 %) Provinces. This study investigates the subsurface of tropical peatland in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. Data was recorded using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method based on the sub-surface images of tropical peatland. This study was conducted based on dipole-dipole configuration with 72 channels spread. This paper also studies the physical properties (thickness and electrical resistivity) of peatland and its substrate using ERT. In this study the ERT section and the geological map identified Alluvium (Qs), Kasai Formation, and the Basement. Result shows the ERT is applicable for imaging the thickness of tropical peatland and other geological features (Aquifer, geological structures, and stratigraphy). The electrical resistivity of peat varies from 20 ohm meter to 120 ohm meter and the thickness of peat varies from 2–5 meter. In some ERT sections, the basement was identified from 130 meter to 170 meter beneath the surface. The aquifer sweet spots were located from ERT Sections combined with the hydrogeological map. The aquifer was identified in Kasai Formation. The thickness of the aquifer layer is 2–20 meter. These physical properties may support the peatland conservation (forest fire mitigation) and geotechnical analysis purposes.
CARBON LOSS AFFECTED BY FIRES ON VARIOUS FORESTS AND LAND TYPES IN SOUTH SUMATERA
Authors: Siahaan Hengki , Kunarso Adi , Sumadi Agus , Purwanto Purwanto , Rusolono Teddy , Tiryana Tatang , Sumantri Hendy , Haasler Berthold
Published: April 2020

Forest and land fires are a high source of emissions in South Sumatera. In line with the national policy, South Sumatera Province commits in reducing emission, include emission from the forest and land fire. This research was aimed to assess carbon loss affected by fire in the year of 2015 that covered 3 districts in South Sumatera i.e Musi Banyuasin, Banyuasin, and Musi Rawas. The research was conducted by remeasurement of carbon stocks plots on 4 forests and land type i.e. secondary peat swamp forest, secondary dryland forest, bushes swamp, and forest plantation. Carbon stocks measuring are conducted on sample plots in a rectangular shape of 20 m x 50 m of size for various types of natural forest and a circle shape in the radius of 11.29 cm and 7.98 cm respectively for forest plantation of < 4 years and > 4 years old. Furthermore, carbon stocks in each plot are measured for 3 carbon pools of above-ground biomass, deadwood and litter. The result shows that carbon loss was varying on each forest and land type. The largest number of carbon loss occur on secondary peat swamp forest of 94.2 t/ha that equivalent to the emission of 345.4 t CO2eq. The second largest of carbon loss occur on secondary dryland forest of 36.3 t/ha following by forest plantation and bushes swamp of 18.5 t/ha and 13.5 t/ha. The largest carbon loss on secondary peat swamp forest and forest plantation occur on above-ground biomass pool but secondary dry forest and bushes swamp occur on the dead wood pool.
Small-Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images with End-to-End Edge-Enhanced GAN and Object Detector Network
Authors: Rabbi Jakaria , Ray Nilanjan , Schubert Matthias , Chowdhury Subir , Chao Dennis
Published: April 2020

The detection performance of small objects in remote sensing images has not been satisfactory compared to large objects, especially in low-resolution and noisy images. A generative adversarial network (GAN)-based model called enhanced super-resolution GAN (ESRGAN) showed remarkable image enhancement performance, but reconstructed images usually miss high-frequency edge information. Therefore, object detection performance showed degradation for small objects on recovered noisy and low-resolution remote sensing images. Inspired by the success of edge enhanced GAN (EEGAN) and ESRGAN, we applied a new edge-enhanced super-resolution GAN (EESRGAN) to improve the quality of remote sensing images and used different detector networks in an end-to-end manner where detector loss was backpropagated into the EESRGAN to improve the detection performance. We proposed an architecture with three components: ESRGAN, EEN, and Detection network. We used residual-in-residual dense blocks (RRDB) for both the ESRGAN and EEN, and for the detector network, we used a faster region-based convolutional network (FRCNN) (two-stage detector) and a single-shot multibox detector (SSD) (one stage detector). Extensive experiments on a public (car overhead with context) dataset and another self-assembled (oil and gas storage tank) satellite dataset showed superior performance of our method compared to the standalone state-of-the-art object detectors.
The Evolution of Cell Free Biomanufacturing
Authors: Vilkhovoy Michael , Adhikari Abhinav , Vadhin Sandra , Varner Jeffrey
Published: April 2020

Cell free systems are a widely used research tool in systems and synthetic biology and a promising platform for manufacturing of proteins and chemicals. In the past, cell free biology was primarily used to better understand fundamental biochemical processes. Notably, E. coli cell free extracts were used in the 1960s to decipher the sequencing of the genetic code. Since then, the transcription and translation capabilities of cell free systems have been repeatedly optimized to improve energy efficiency and protein yield. Today, cell free systems, in combination with the rise of synthetic biology, have taken on a new role as a promising technology for just in time manufacturing of therapeutically important biologics and high-value small molecules. They have also been implemented in an industrial scale for the production of antibodies and cytokines. In this review, we discuss the evolution of cell free systems, advancements in cell free protein synthesis, and cell free metabolic engineering, and conclude with discussing the importance and feasibility of mathematical modeling in cell free systems.
A Normalized Mortality Rate Showed the Diverse Severity of COVID-19 and Its Association With Other Chronic Diseases
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Renjith P.R. , Priscilla C. , Kumar Ganesan Selva
Published: April 2020

Covid-19 has given a halt to all the activities in the world. Europe was most affected followed by the United States of America. It has taken more than 200,000 lives till now. In this study, we have assessed the severity of Covid-19 by analyzing the mortality rate in Covid-19 and other diseases to see the severity of Covid-19 and other chronic diseases. The Covid-19 data and “death rate” data caused by other diseases were downloaded from the world health organization (WHO) website. A normalized period based method was used to see the mortality rate of Covid-19 in comparison to other diseases. The deaths occurred by cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases were more in number than the Covid-19 caused deaths in the 45 days period where most of the Covid-19 deaths had taken place. The severity of Covid-19 in the USA was moderate. The severity of Covid-19 in Asian countries was found to be at a low. Europe showed the highest diversity in the mortality rate of Covid-19. Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and non-communicable diseases were still more lethal and caused more deaths than Covid-19.
Minimum Size of Respiratory Droplets Containing SARS-CoV-2 and Aerosol Transmission Possibility
Authors: Lee Byung Uk
Published: April 2020

A short review of the important studies was conducted to evaluate the potential of aerosol transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The minimum size of droplets potentially carrying the SARS-CoV-2 was newly estimated and discussed in this review.
COVID-19 in Italy: Is the Virus Running Through an Ancient Roman road?
Authors: Golinelli Davide , Fantini Maria Pia , Maietti Elisa
Published: April 2020

In late February 2020, Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has aggressively spread around many bordering provinces of the three most productive regions of northern Italy (Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia Romagna). The first outbreak exploded in the municipality of Codogno (Lombardy). The province of Ferrara (Emilia Romagna) has been indicated as an anomaly due to the lower number of confirmed cases (1·065 cases per 1000 population). We argue that the spread of the virus throughout Emilia Romagna has a possible explanation in the geographical location of most of its provinces along the Via Emilia, an ancient Roman road that runs throughout the region, which we consider as a proxy for citizens’ movement, number of contacts, and social interactions. In order to test this hypothesis, we used a non-linear multiple regression analysis on aggregate province data to investigate the association between the rates of confirmed cases and the distance from the Via Emilia. The results indicate that the infection rate decreases proportionally to the distance from Via Emilia (-14% every 10 km, p<0·001). Further studies are needed, but Ferrara’s “peculiarity” might have a geographical/behavioral explanation, due to its isolation from the regional main connection routes, which are still revolving around a road built by the ancient Romans 2,000 years ago.
A Systematic Review of the Role of Physiotherapy Interventions in Palliative Care
Authors: Phokontsi Lesley , Mweetwa Larry L , Mweetwa Larry , Tlhoiwe Tumelo , Muya Christine K , Mudawarima Tapfuma , Silumesii Lili , Chisenge Suwilanji , Phillips J
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The aim of this research is to conduct a systematic review analysing the role of the physiotherapy interventions in palliative care. PRISMA as a critical appraisal tool was utilised for the selection of the research articles. The inclusion criteria were based on the year of publication, ease of availability, language, geographical location, and study type. To ensure the credibility, databases such as Elsevier, Proquest, and EBSCO Host were used to filter the grey content. Data published in the past ten years (2009-onwards) was only included to ensure the selection of the most recent interventions used by the physiotherapists. A total of 11 articles were selected which determined that physiotherapy interventions involving breathing exercises, aerobic exercises, manual therapies, and educational awareness were critical to promoting the functional capability and empower the patients.
Evaporation of Emitted Droplets Are An Important Factor Affecting the Lifetime of the Airborne Coronavirus
Authors: Biswas Pratim , Dhawan Sukrant
Published: April 2020

There is a lot of discussion underway with conflicting opinions examining the airborne nature of the SARS-CoV2 virus. Surprisingly, important phenomena prevalent with respect to aerosols (suspended droplets) have not been considered. In this Technical Note, we propose a methodology for the coupling of aerosol phenomena (such as evaporation, particle transport accounting for drag) to accurately establish the lifetimes of the droplets. A characteristic time analysis illustrates the time scales for evaporation and settling: for example, the characteristic time for evaporation of a 10 µm droplet is 0.036 s at a relative humidity of 25%; compared to a settling time of about 500 s. For any particle smaller than ~ 100 µm, the evaporation of the emitted or exhaled droplet has to be considered. Coupling evaporation of the droplet as it settles, we estimate the horizontal distance traversed. Trajectories of a 10 µm and 100 µm particle emitted with a typical initial velocity of release associated with coughing and sneezing indicates the greater spread in the horizontal direction when evaporation is accounted for. The life time of the 10 µm particle increases from 8.3 min to 12 hours (will be intercepted prior and the actual airborne time will then be shorter); and for a 100 µm particle from 4.9 s to 39.4 s.
Radiation Oncology Policy for Risk reduction from novel COVID-19 Pandemic in Radiation Oncology Department
Authors: Rana Bushra
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This brief policy is written after experience treating COVID-19 positive radiation therapy patients to reduce risk to therapy staff and patients in radiation oncology department. It is important to prioritize the safety of staff and non-infected patients while ensuring the continuation of radiation oncology services. Radiation therapists have sustained contact with covid-19 patients in an enclosed vault. Protocols for correct disinfecting of equipment and room and therapists following methods for less transmission of virus is crucial. This policy covers prevention methods from COVID-19 transmission from patient to patient, patient to staff, staff to patient and staff to staff as follows A.Risk reduction by screening and preparing staff and rooms B.Radiation Therapist Policy for COVID-19 positive patient with CCC (Critical Cancer Care)
Geographic and Genomic Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations
Authors: Mercatelli Daniele , Giorgi Federico Manuel
Published: April 2020

The novel respiratory disease COVID-19 has reached the status of worldwide pandemic and large efforts are currently being undertaken in molecularly characterizing the virus causing it, SARS-CoV-2. The genomic variability of SARS-CoV-2 specimens scattered across the globe can underly geographically specific etiological effects. In the present study, we gather the 10,014 SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes currently available thanks to the collection endeavor of the GISAID consortium and thousands of contributing laboratories. We analyze and annotate all SARS-CoV-2 mutations compared with the reference Wuhan genome NC_045512.2. Our analysis shows the prevalence of single nucleotide transitions as the major mutational type across the world. There exist at least three clades characterized by geographic and genomic specificity. In particular, the clade G, prevalent in Europe, carries a D614G mutation in the Spike protein, which is responsible for the initial interaction of the virus with the host human cell. Our analysis may drive local modulation of antiviral strategies based on the molecular specificities of this novel virus.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI KIMIA LARUTAN PENYANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI SMA DI KARANGANYAR
Authors: Saraswaty Sarry , Masykuri Mohammad , Mulyani Sri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan modul yang mempunyai beberapa tujuan yaitu pertama, mengembangkan modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi Larutan Penyangga untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA. Kedua, menganalisis kualitas modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing materi Larutan Penyangga  yang dikembangkan. Ketiga, mengetahui efektivitas modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing materi Larutan Penyangga untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Terakhir, mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar kimia siswa melalui modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing materi Larutan Penyangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama,  modul dapat  meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis sisw. Kedua, kategori modul adalah sangat baik dan layak digunakan oleh siswa dan guru. Ketiga, pembelajaran menggunakan modul efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Terakhir, pembelajaran menggunakan modul dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan siswa.
EFEKTIVITAS MODUL BERBASIS PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN ANALISIS SISWA
Authors: Nurhemy Try Nesia , Sutarno Sutarno , Prayitno Baskoro Adi
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah mengetahui keefektivan modul berbasis Problem solving untuk meningkatkan kekampuan analisis siswa. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian dan pengembangan sesuai dengan prosedur Borg and Gall yang dimodifikasi menjadi sembilan tahapan dengan menerapkan sintaks model pembelajaran Problem solving. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimen one group pretest posttest design. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini menyatakan bahwa modul berbasis Problem solving pada materi pencemaran lingkungan efektif meningkatkan kemampuan analisis siswa. Hasil uji Wilcoxon terdapat perbedaan antara nilai sebelum diberikan modul berbasis Problem solving dan sesudah diberikan modul dengan nilai probabilitas (p) sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Menurut hasil uji Wilcoxon dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul berbasis Problem solving efektif meningkatkan kemampuan analisis pada materi pencemaran lingkungan
Romosozumab in Skeletally Mature Adults with a Fresh Unilateral Tibial Diaphyseal Fracture
Authors: Bhandari Mohit , Schemitsch Emil H. , Karachalios Theofilos , Sancheti Parag , Poolman Rudolf W. , Caminis John , Daizadeh Nadia , Dent-Acosta Ricardo E. , Egbuna Ogo , Chines Arkadi , Miclau Theodore
Published: April 2020

Background:

Romosozumab is an antibody that binds and inhibits sclerostin, thereby increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption. A double-blinded, randomized, phase-2, dose-finding trial was performed to evaluate the effect of romosozumab on the radiographic and clinical outcomes of surgical fixation of tibial diaphyseal fractures.

Methods:

Patients (18 to 82 years old) were randomized 3:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 to a placebo or 1 of 9 romosozumab treatment groups. Patients received subcutaneous injections of romosozumab or the placebo postoperatively on day 1 and weeks 2, 6, and 12. The primary outcome was the time to radiographic evidence of healing (“radiographic healing”) analyzed after the week-24 assessments had been completed for all patients.

Results:

A total of 402 patients were randomized: 299 to the romosozumab group and 103 to the placebo group. The median time to radiographic healing (the primary outcome) ranged from 14.4 to 18.6 weeks in the romosozumab groups and was 16.4 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.6 to 18.0 weeks) in the placebo group, which was not a significant difference. There was also no significant difference in the median time to clinical healing, no relationship between romosozumab dose/frequency and unplanned revision surgery, and no apparent treatment benefit in terms of physical function. The safety and tolerability profile of romosozumab was comparable with that of the placebo.

Conclusions:

Romosozumab did not accelerate tibial fracture-healing in this patient population. Additional studies of patients at higher risk for delayed healing are needed to explore the potential of romosozumab to accelerate tibial fracture-healing.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Eighteen-Year Results of Cementless THA with Alumina-on-HXLPE Bearings in Patients <30 Years Old
Authors: Kim Young-Hoo , Park Jang-Won
Published: April 2020

Despite overall good survivorship and clinical outcomes in the short term after total hip arthroplasty (THA) with use of alumina ceramic-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) in patients younger than 30 years of age, there is a paucity of long-term data to evaluate the fixation of the components and the prevalence of osteolysis. We reviewed the records of 45 patients (54 hips) who had been included in a previous report to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes as well as radiographic and computed tomographic scan findings (particularly with regard to component fixation and osteolysis) after a mean duration of follow-up of 17.8 years. One femoral stem was revised because of aseptic loosening, and 2 acetabular components were revised because of recurrent dislocation. The survival rate at 17.8 years was 98% for the femoral component and 96% for the acetabular component.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of level of evidence.
Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Orthopaedics
Authors: Larsen Christopher G. , Stapleton Erik J. , Sgaglione Jonathan , Sgaglione Matthew , Goldstein Todd , Sgaglione Nicholas A. , Grande Daniel A.
Published: April 2020

» Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology has evolved dramatically in the last 30 years, from large machines with poor resolution to those with micron-level capabilities that sit on a desktop. This technology is being utilized in numerous medical applications, particularly in orthopaedic surgery.

» Over the past decade, technological advances have allowed for the application of this technology to the field of tissue engineering through the process of 3D bioprinting.

» Of interest to orthopaedic surgeons, active areas of research utilizing this technology involve the bioprinting of articular cartilage, bone, menisci, and intervertebral discs.
Technology Focus: Multilateral and Complex-Trajectory Wells (May 2020)
Authors: Aadnøy Bernt
Published: April 2020

The evolution of the petroleum industry the past 40 years is always included in my teaching. The students enjoy it, and it comforts them to know that they have entered an industry with a focus on modern technology. Of course, the condition is always value-added; the new technology must improve processes in a cost-efficient way.

Multilateral wells have been around for many years. By 1953, a nine-branch well with barefoot laterals had been drilled in Bashkira in Russia. Although the operators reported a production increase of 17 times compared with offset wells, the modern area of multilateral technology would not begin for another 40 years.

Extended-reach wells have a similar development, starting in the early 1980s and improving continuously. Many people consider BP’s Wytch Farm in the late 1990s to be the breakthrough for this technology. For the past 20 years, both multilateral and extended-reach wells have been drilled, and the technology is available from many service providers.

A dominating current focus in the industry is digitization, which implies various computer applications at many levels. Although multilateral and long-reach wells are common, the technological development is not complete. Effective implementation of digital technology requires complementary development of the technology itself. Remember that many tools are developed for manual operations. New tools possibly should be designed from a robotics perspective.

One main driver is improved recovery, which means that we must favor the oil flow and control or minimize water and gas production. Here is the completion challenge. Tools and technologies are developed continuously to reach this objective. In addition, we have the maintenance perspective gained by more-efficient workover and well-intervention methods. Many new tools and technologies are being developed continuously, not necessarily to break stepout records but to produce in a better way. Some of these technologies are metallic packers, autonomous inflow control, surface-controlled completion systems, fiber-optic communications, automated mud- and chemical-injection systems, and wired drillpipe.

Feedback from my students is that this technological and digital evolution gives them confidence in their career choice. Despite the petroleum industry challenges the past few years, we still have high national and international recruitment to our program in drilling and well engineering in Stavanger.
Altered staining patterns and expression level of Engrailed-2 in Benign prostatic hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer predict Prostatic disease progression
Authors: Li Qi , Shi Yibo , Sa Rigai , Hao Jun , Hu Jinhao , Xiao Mulun , Wang Chaoliang , Yan Liang , Qiao Baoping , Chen Guoxun
Published: April 2020

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) , a common malignant tumor, is the second-leading cause of cancer death among American men. Its successful treatment greatly relies on the early diagnose. Engrailed-2 (EN2) has been confirmed being existed with a high level in the urine of PC patients. In this study, to explore the application of EN2 in PC, we detected the immunohistochemical staining difference and EN2 expression level between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PC. Methods: We developed a monoclonal antibody against the helix 3 in EN2 and confirmed its specificity with Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence detecting the subcellular localization of endogenous and exogenous EN2 in three PC cell lines (LNCap, PC3, and DU145). We conducted immunohistochemical staining using this homemade antibody, and RT-PCR to detect the expression of EN2 in 25 PC and 25 BPH cases , and analyzed the correlation of EN2 expression and PC clinical staging. Results: The results of WB and immunofluorescence showed our homemade EN2 monoclonal antibody could specifically bind endogenous and exogenous EN2 protein in three different PC cell lines. Endogenous EN2 was generally expressed in the cytoplasm and exogenous EN2 mostly existed in the nucleus of these cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining in PC had extremely stronger signals than that in BPH, suggesting a higher EN2 expression level in PC, which was confirmed by RT-PCR. Interestingly, the stained areas in BPH tissues were mainly in nucleus and cytoplasm, while in PC tissues were mainly on cytomembrane. Moreover, the expression level of EN2 was positively correlated with the PC clinical staging. Conclusion: Using our homemade EN2 antibody, we have found different staining patterns and expression level of EN2 in BPH and PC，which may be helpful to predict prostatic disease progression.
Identification of a novel Protein Disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) transcript variant as a potential biomarker associated with late stage prostate cancer
Authors: Cruz Maria Araceli Diaz , Karlsson Sandra , Szekeres Ferenc , Faresjö Maria , Lund Dan , Haux Johan , Larsson Dennis
Published: April 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous and unpredictable disease and becomes untreatable when the tumor progress to castrate-resistant (CR) or androgen independent (AI). A major clinical challenge in prostate cancer is the lack of diagnostic and prognostic tests that distinguish between different stages of the disease. Isoforms of gene transcripts are emerging as suitable candidates to represent disease progression. Vitamin D receptor transcript isoforms could be the target candidates of study since they have been related with anti-tumoral effects and carcinogenesis in several cancer types. The current study investigates the role of vitamin D receptor transcript isoforms in prostate cancer cell lines, PNT2, P4E6, LNCaP, DU145 and PC3; representing different progression and androgen dependency stages of PCa. Total RNA from these cell lines was sequenced with Illumina RNAseq Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and expression values of the vitamin D receptors VDR, PDIA3 and RXRA; were analyzed. Absolute quantification of PDIA3 isoforms was performed with Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) in order to validate NGS findings. Functional and location prediction analysis of the different PDIA3 isoforms was performed with several bioinformatic tools. The NGS analysis revealed a novel PDIA3 transcript isoform (PDIA3N) that is higher expressed than the PDIA3 isoform that codifies for the receptor protein, in prostate cells. The expression of PDIA3N was validated by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) absolute quantification, which confirmed the findings from the NGS analyses. The PDIA3N isoform was present in higher levels than PDIA3, in the metastatic androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Moreover, results shown that the ratio between PDIA3N and PDIA3 is related to androgen dependency and PCa progression. Finally, analysis of PDIA3N sequence indicate that the variations present in its sequence are altering the original protein function and structure as well as the predicted subcellular localization of the protein.We conclude that, PDIA3N due to the high expression in LNCaP cells and its abnormality in predicted structure, localization and function can be a potential target for the study of prostate cancer progression. The correlation of PDIA3N/PDIA3 ratio with PCa progression and androgen dependency stage will be further tested in PCa human samples.
Effects of six month personalized endurance training on work ability in middle-aged sedentary women: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stenner Hedwig Theda , Eigendorf Julian , Kerling Arno , Kück Momme , Hanke Alexander A. , Boyen Johanna , Nelius Anne-Katrin , Melk Anette , Boethig Dietmar , Bara Christoph , Hilfiker Andres , Berliner Dominik , Bauersachs Johann , Hilfker-Kleiner Denise , Eberhard Jörg , Stiesch Meike , Schippert Cordula , Haverich Axel , Tegtbur Uwe , Haufe Sven
Published: April 2020

Background: To test the effects of guided endurance training on work ability in middle-aged female hospital workers of various occupations. Methods : We randomized 265 healthy, sedentary, middle-aged women (45-65 years) to an endurance training group (EG 210 min/week) or a wait-list control group (CG). At baseline and at 6-month follow-up, we assessed work ability (Work Ability Index [WAI]), physical activity (Freiburger activity questionnaire) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. To examine the influence of baseline work ability, participants were divided into poor-moderate (WAI 1, 7-36 points, n=83), good (WAI 2, 37-43 points, n=136) and excellent (WAI 3, 44-49 points, n=46) WAI subgroups.Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness improved significantly after 6 months in the EG but not in the CG. The WAI total score increased significantly in the EG (38.3±5.0 to 39.8±4.9 points) but not in the CG (39.4±4.7 to 39.3±4.9 points), with a significant difference between groups (p<0.01). In the EG, only the poor-moderate subgroup (WAI 1, 33.0±2.9 to 36.6±4.8 points, p<0.05) increased the WAI total score, with this increase being significantly higher compared to the good (WAI 2, 40.2±2.1 to, 40.4±3.7 points) and excellent (WAI 3, 45.6±1.5 to 45.7±1.8 points) subgroup.Conclusions: A 6-month guided exercise training intervention significantly increases cardiorespiratory fitness with concomitant improvements in work ability in middle-aged previously sedentary hospital employees. Women with low baseline work ability seem to particularly benefit from the intervention, which implies that similar interventions may be particularly beneficial for this group of individuals.Trial Registration: German Clinical Trails Register Identifier: DRKS00005159. Registered 25 September 2013, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00005159.