bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migraine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with reduced cerebral grey matter volume but not with measures of glial activation or anti‐NR2 or anti‐P antibodies
Authors: Tjensvoll A. B. , Lauvsnes M. B. , Hirohata S. , Beyer M. K. , Greve O. J. , Kvivik I. , Kvaløy J. T. , Harboe E. , Gøransson L. G. , Omdal R.
Published: January 2016

Background and purpose

Migraine is frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the pathogenesis and pathophysiology are poorly understood. Migraine is assumed to be a consequence of abnormal neuronal excitability. Based on the hypothesis that the threshold for migraine is lower in SLE patients due to cerebral disturbances, whether structural abnormalities of the brain or relevant biomarkers are associated with headaches in SLE was investigated.

Methods

Sixty‐seven SLE patients and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects participated. Volumes of grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were estimated from cerebral magnetic resonance images with SPM8 software. Anti‐NR2 and anti‐P antibodies and protein S100B were measured in cerebrospinal fluid.

Results

In regression analyses, larger GM volumes in SLE patients reduced the odds for headache in general [odds ratio (OR) 0.98, P = 0.048] and for migraine in particular (OR 0.95, P = 0.004). No localized loss of GM was observed. Larger WM volumes in patients increased the odds for migraine (OR 1.04, P = 0.007). These findings could not be confirmed in healthy subjects. Neither anti‐NR2 and anti‐P antibodies nor S100B were associated with headaches in SLE patients.

Conclusions

Systemic lupus erythematosus patients with migraine have a diffuse reduction in GM compared to patients without migraine. This finding was not observed in healthy subjects with migraine, and selected biomarkers did not indicate specific pathophysiological processes in the brain. These findings indicate that unknown pathogenic processes are responsible for the increased frequency of migraine in SLE patients.
Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy caused by a mutation in the GATOR1 complex gene NPRL3
Authors: Korenke Georg‐Christoph , Eggert Marlene , Thiele Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Sander Thomas , Steinlein Ortrud K.
Published: January 2016

Mutations in NPRL3, one of three genes that encode proteins of the mTORC1‐regulating GATOR1 complex, have recently been reported to cause cortical dysplasia with focal epilepsy. We have now analyzed a multiplex epilepsy family by whole exome sequencing and identified a frameshift mutation (NM_001077350.2; c.1522delG; p.E508Rfs*46) within exon 13 of NPRL3. This truncating mutation causes an epilepsy phenotype characterized by early childhood onset of mainly nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. The penetrance in our family was low (three affected out of six mutation carriers), compared to families with either ion channel‐ or DEPDC5‐associated familial nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. The absence of apparent structural brain abnormalities suggests that mutations in NPRL3 are not necessarily associated with focal cortical dysplasia but might be able to cause epilepsy by different, yet unknown pathomechanisms.
A cross‐taxa assessment of pelagic longline by‐catch mitigation measures: conflicts and mutual benefits to elasmobranchs
Authors: Gilman Eric , Chaloupka Milani , Swimmer Yonat , Piovano Susanna
Published: January 2016

Elasmobranch mortality in pelagic longline fisheries poses a risk to some populations, alters the distribution of abundance between sympatric competitors, changing ecosystem structure, processes and stability. Individual and synergistic effects on elasmobranch catch and survival from pelagic longline gear factors, including methods prescribed to mitigate bycatch of other vulnerable taxa, were determined. Overall relative risk of higher circle vs. J‐shaped hook shark catch rates conditioned on potentially informative moderators, from 30 studies, was estimated using an inverse‐precision weighted mixed‐effects meta‐regression modelling approach. Sharks had a 1.20 times (95% CI: 1.03–1.39) significantly higher pooled relative risk of capture on circle hooks, with two significant moderators. The pooled relative risk estimate of ray circle hook catch from 15 studies was not significant (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.89–1.66) with no significant moderators. From a literature review, wire leaders had higher shark catch and haulback mortality than monofilament. Interacting effects of hook, bait and leader affect shark catch rates: hook shape and width and bait type determine hooking position and ability to sever monofilament leaders. Circle hooks increased elasmobranch catch, but reduced haulback mortality and deep hooking relative to J‐shaped hooks of the same or narrower width. Using fish vs. squid for bait increased shark catch and deep hooking. Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) catch and mortality were lower on wider hooks. Using circle instead of J‐shaped hooks and fish instead of squid for bait, while benefitting sea turtles, odontocetes and possibly seabirds, exacerbates elasmobranch catch and injury, therefore warranting fishery‐specific assessments to determine relative risks.
The Role of Sovereign Ratings in M&A Markets: Empirical Evidence from Latin America and South East Asia
Authors: Nguyen Janna Mai , Knyphausen‐Aufseß Dodo zu
Published: January 2016

Sovereign ratings have not only been regarded as an indicator of country risk for foreign investors, but also as a determining factor for capital market conditions of domestic firms. Although they have attracted growing interest in academic research, the extant literature has so far rendered only minor attention to their role in corporate strategic investment decisions. This paper focuses on the influence of sovereign ratings on domestic and cross‐border M&A decisions in a sample of Latin American and South East Asian countries. The empirical results lend support to the proposition that sovereign ratings condition the level of activity in domestic M&A markets as well as the attractiveness of domestic M&A targets for foreign acquirers. Moreover, the foreign bidders’ choice of ownership stakes in acquisitions appears to be affected. The paper thus highlights the relevance of sovereign ratings as a country‐level factor to be considered in studies of corporate investment behavior.
Estimation of the Change in Storage Capacity above Mined Longwall Panels
Authors: Tammetta Paul
Published: January 2016

Accurate estimation of the change in groundwater storage capacity (S) above mined longwall panels is vital for analysis of postmining void water level recovery in coal mines, and assessment of water quality impacts. At present, there is no generalized representation of the spatial distribution of changes in S around a panel. Current estimates are generally bulk averages with high uncertainty, precluding calculation of groundwater velocities in various parts of the subsurface. In this work, a recently published hydrogeological conceptual model of longwall caving is used in conjunction with observations from borehole extensometers, goaf height measurements, and pumping/drawdown records for mine pools to develop a subsurface spatial distribution of changes in S following longwall caving, with reduced uncertainty in their magnitudes. The assumption of saturation in the disturbed zone proved critical for obtaining accurate results and in reconciling widely varying published estimates of S. Results indicate that the goaf and collapsed zones each absorb over 30% of the mined volume, and about 20% is absorbed by the surface subsidence trough. The increase in S in the collapsed zone is inversely proportional to the amount of surface subsidence. The conceptual model is updated with these results to present the spatial distribution of S after caving. The results allow calculation of water velocities in various zones, and may provide greater accuracy in estimation of water level rebound and water quality processes. Most of the S participating in groundwater flows is provided by defects rather than the matrix.
Tolerogenic effect of mouse fibroblasts on dendritic cells
Authors: Khosravi‐Maharlooei Mohsen , Pakyari MohammadReza , Jalili Reza B. , Salimi‐Elizei Sanam , Lai Jacqueline C. Y. , Poormasjedi‐Meibod Malihesadat , Kilani Ruhangiz T. , Dutz Jan , Ghahary Aziz
Published: January 2016

There is controversy about the immunomodulatory effect of fibroblasts on dendritic cells (DCs). To clarify this issue, in this study, we have evaluated different features of fibroblast‐primed DCs including their ability to express co‐inhibitory and co‐stimulatory molecules, pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and their ability to induce T‐cell proliferation. We also examined migratory capacity of DCs to lymphatic tissues and present fibroblast‐derived antigens after encountering fibroblasts. The results of our in vitro study showed that both co‐inhibitory (programmed death ligand 1 and ligand 2 and B7H4) and co‐stimulatory (CD86) molecules were up‐regulated when DCs were co‐cultured with fibroblasts. In an animal model, we showed that intra‐ peritoneal injection (IP) of both syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts significantly increased both total DC count and expression level of co‐inhibitory and co‐stimulatory molecules on DCs. Priming of DCs with syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts reduced the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Even activation of fibroblast‐ primed DCs failed to restore their ability to induce T‐cell proliferation. Likewise, priming of DCs with fibroblasts blocked the ability of ovalbumin‐pulsed DCs to induce proliferation of ovalbumin‐specific CD4+ T cells. Compared with non‐activated DCs, fibroblast‐primed DCs had significantly higher expression levels of interleukin‐10 and indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase. Fibroblast‐primed DCs had a significantly reduced interleukin‐12 expression level compared with that of activated DCs. After priming with fibroblasts, DCs were able to migrate to lymphatic tissues and present fibroblast‐derived antigens (ovalbumin). In conclusion, after priming with fibroblasts, DCs gain tolerogenic features. This finding suggests the potential role of fibroblasts in the maintenance of immune tolerance.
Test–Retest Reliability in Infant Speech Perception Tasks
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina , Seidl Amanda , Singh Leher , Houston Derek
Published: January 2016

A long line of research investigates how infants learn the sounds and words in their ambient language over the first year of life, through behavioral tasks involving discrimination and recognition. More recently, individual performance in such tasks has been used to predict later language development. Does this mean that dependent measures in such tasks are reliable and can stably measure speech perception skills over short time spans? Our three laboratories independently tested infants with a given task and retested them within 0–18 days. Together, we can report data from 12 new experiments (total number of paired observationsN = 409), ranging from vowel and consonant discrimination to recognition of phrasal units. Results reveal that reliability is extremely variable across experiments. We discuss possible causes and implications of this variability, as well as the main effects revealed by this work. Additionally, we offer suggestions for the field of infant speech perception to improve the reliability of its methodologies through data repositories and crowd sourcing.
The Pricing of Catastrophe Equity Put Options with Default Risk
Authors: Wang Xingchun
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we present a pricing model for catastrophe equity put options with default risk by assuming that the default of the option issuer may occur at any time prior to maturity of the option. Catastrophic events are assumed to occur according to a doubly stochastic Poisson process, and stock price is affected by the catastrophe losses, which follow the compound doubly stochastic Poisson process. As for default risk, we adopt typical structural approaches, and we also allow the correlation between the underlying stock and the assets of the option issuer. Under this framework, we derive a pricing formula for catastrophe equity put options with default risk. Finally, numerical analysis is presented to illustrate effects of default risk on catastrophe equity put option prices.
Abnormal Returns from Takeover Prediction Modelling: Challenges and Suggested Investment Strategies
Authors: Danbolt Jo , Siganos Antonios , Tunyi Abongeh
Published: January 2016

While takeover targets earn significant abnormal returns, studies tend to find no abnormal returns from investing in predicted takeover targets. In this study, we show that the difficulty of correctly identifying targets ex ante does not fully explain the below‐expected returns to target portfolios. Target prediction models’ inability to optimally time impending takeovers, by taking account of pre‐bid target underperformance and the anticipation of potential targets by other market participants, diminishes but does not eliminate the potential profitability of investing in predicted targets. Importantly, we find that target portfolios are predisposed to underperform, as targets and distressed firms share common firm characteristics, resulting in the misclassification of a disproportionately high number of distressed firms as potential targets. We show that this problem can be mitigated, and significant risk‐adjusted returns can be earned, by screening firms in target portfolios for size, leverage and liquidity.
Reablated Sites of Acute Reconnection After Pulmonary Vein Isolation Do Not Predict Sites of Late Reconnection at Repeat Electrophysiology Study
Authors: DAS MOLOY , WYNN GARETH J. , MORGAN MAUREEN , RONAYNE CHRISTINA , WAKTARE JOHAN E.P. , TODD DERICK M. , HALL MARK C.S. , SNOWDON RICHARD L. , MODI SIMON , GUPTA DHIRAJ
Published: January 2016

Acute PV Reconnection Does Not Predict Late Reconnection

Introduction

Acute reconnection of pulmonary veins (PVs) is frequently seen in the waiting period following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). There are concerns that reablation at these sites may not be durably effective due to tissue edema caused by the initial ablation. We aimed to prospectively study the relationship between acute and late reconnection.

Methods and Results

Wide‐area circumferential PVI was performed in 40 paroxysmal AF patients. Spontaneous reconnection was assessed after a minimum 20‐minute waiting period, with adenosine administered to unmask dormant reconnection. All sites of acute reconnection were ablated to reisolate the PV. All 40 patients then underwent repeat electrophysiology study after 2 months, regardless of symptoms, to identify late reconnection. Sites of acute and late reconnection were compared according to a 12‐segment PVI model. Acute reconnection was seen in 28 (6%) PVI segments in 20 (50%) patients, affecting 24/160 (15%) PVs. All were successfully reisolated. At repeat electrophysiology study, 51 (11%) PVI segments were reconnected in 25 (62%) patients, affecting 41 (25%) PVs. The proportion of PVI segments with and without acute reconnection exhibiting late reconnection at repeat study was no different (14% vs. 10%, P = 0.524). There was also no difference in late reconnection between PVI circles or patients with and without acute reconnection.

Conclusion

Most PVI segments that undergo further ablation for acute reconnection show persistent isolation at repeat electrophysiology study, and the rate of late reconnection for these segments is no different to that for segments that did not acutely reconnect. This implies that effective reablation is delivered at these sites.
Early loading of splinted implants in the posterior mandible: a prospective multicentre case series
Authors: Zhou Jianfeng , Huang Qingfeng , Wang Xiaodong , Peng Dong , Li Yan , Zhang Lei , Liu Jianzhang , Zhang Songmei , Zhao Ke , Jiang Xinquan , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: January 2016

Aim

To evaluate the 12‐months clinical and radiological outcomes with the OsseoSpeed™ TX implant using an early loading protocol in patients with missing teeth in the posterior mandible.

Material and Methods

Forty‐five subjects, with Kennedy class I or II edentulism in the mandible, were enrolled at three centres in China. Two or three implants were placed in one edentulous region using a one‐stage procedure. Patients received a screw‐retained splinted fixed permanent restoration in one edentulous region 6–8 weeks after surgery. Follow‐up took place at 6 and 12 months after loading. Marginal bone level alteration, implant survival and clinical findings were assessed using descriptive statistics. The data were analysed on a patient level, implying that the mean overall implants by patient was used as the statistical unit. The data from the three centres were pooled in the statistical analyses.

Results

A total of 107 implants were inserted in 45 patients. Twelve months after loading, the implant survival rate was 100%, with a mean (±std) marginal bone gain of 0.08 ± 0.411 mm and healthy soft tissue status.

Conclusions

Early loading of splinted OsseoSpeed™ TX implants was an effective and safe treatment for partial edentulism of the posterior mandible.

Clinical trial registration number on clinicaltrials.gov

NCT01346683.
Experimentally induced host‐shift changes life‐history strategy in a seed beetle
Authors: Savković Uroš , ĐorĐević Mirko , Šešlija Jovanović Darka , Lazarević Jelica , Tucić Nikola , Stojković Biljana
Published: January 2016

Expansion of the host range in phytophagous insects depends on their ability to form an association with a novel plant through changes in host‐related traits. Phenotypic plasticity has important effects on initial survival of individuals faced with a new plant, as well as on the courses of evolutionary change during long‐term adaptation to novel conditions. Using experimental populations of the seed beetle that evolved on ancestral (common bean) or novel (chickpea) host and applying reciprocal transplant at both larval and adult stage on the alternative host plant, we studied the relationship between the initial (plastic) phases of host‐shift and the subsequent stages of evolutionary divergence in life‐history strategies between populations exposed to the host‐shift process. After 48 generations, populations became well adapted to chickpea by evolving the life‐history strategy with prolonged larval development, increased body mass, earlier reproduction, shorter lifespan and decreased plasticity of all traits compared with ancestral conditions. In chickpea‐adapted beetles, negative fitness consequences of low plasticity of pre‐adult development (revealed as severe decrease in egg‐to‐adult viability on beans) exhibited mismatch with positive effects of low plasticity (i.e. low host sensitivity) in oviposition and fecundity. In contrast, beetles adapted to the ancestral host showed high plasticity of developmental process, which enabled high larval survival on chickpea, whereas elevated plasticity in adult behaviour (i.e. high host sensitivity) resulted in delayed reproduction and decreased fecundity on chickpea. The analysis of population growth parameters revealed significant fluctuation during successive phases of the host‐shift process in A. obtectus.
The nutrition care needs of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: informing dietetic practice
Authors: Ball L. , Davmor R. , Leveritt M. , Desbrow B. , Ehrlich C. , Chaboyer W.
Published: January 2016

Background

Understanding patients' experiences and preferences for health care is important with respect to informing how to provide best‐practice, patient‐centred care. The present study aimed to explore the perceptions of patients who have been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes regarding nutrition care received from dietitians.

Methods

Ten individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in three individual semi‐structured qualitative telephone interviews: at baseline, then at 3 and 6 months after recruitment. Data were analysed using content analysis at each time point and meta‐synthesis of findings over time.

Results

Participants' initial interactions with dietitians were challenging and overwhelming as a result of the instructional nature of consultations. Many participants questioned the use of dietary guidelines to inform nutrition care because this was not adapted to the individual. Some participants valued receiving education on topics such as label reading and serving sizes; however, others considered that the nutrition care was rushed and overly directive. Very few participants perceived that an ongoing relationship with a dietitian would be useful, and limited interaction was planned beyond 6 months after diagnosis.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that there is considerable opportunity for dietitians to enhance the nutrition care provided to patients with type 2 diabetes. Tailoring of dietary guidelines to individuals, utilising supportive counselling styles, and focusing on open communication in consultations that facilitate ongoing, useful care for patients, may help patients with type 2 diabetes achieve and maintain healthy dietary behaviours.
What Novice Family Therapists Experience During a Session… A Qualitative Study of Novice Therapists' Inner Conversations During the Session
Authors: Frediani Gianina , Rober Peter
Published: January 2016

“What do novice family therapists experience during a session with a couple or family?” This is the central question in this article. A videotape‐assisted recall procedure was used to study novice family therapists’ inner conversations. The therapists' reflections were analyzed using thematic analysis. This resulted in a coding system that distinguishes four main domains: (a) reflections concerning the self; (b) reflections about the therapy process; (c) reflections on emotions about the family members; and (d) managing the session as well as own emotions. The study furthermore revealed that during a session, novice family therapists experience strong emotions, such as self‐criticism and irritation. Both emotions may encompass dangers, as well as opportunities for the therapeutic alliance and the process.
Microstructure characterization of advanced protective Cr/CrN+a‐C:H/a‐C:H:Cr multilayer coatings on carbon fibre composite (CFC)
Authors: MAJOR L. , JANUSZ M. , LACKNER J.M. , KOT M. , MAJOR B.
Published: January 2016

Studies of advanced protective chromium‐based coatings on the carbon fibre composite (CFC) were performed. Multidisciplinary examinations were carried out comprising: microstructure transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HREM) studies, micromechanical analysis and wear resistance. Coatings were prepared using a magnetron sputtering technique with application of high‐purity chromium and carbon (graphite) targets deposited on the CFC substrate. Selection of the CFC for surface modification in respect to irregularities on the surface making the CFC surface more smooth was performed. Deposited coatings consisted of two parts. The inner part was responsible for the residual stress compensation and cracking initiation as well as resistance at elevated temperatures occurring namely during surgical tools sterilization process. The outer part was responsible for wear resistance properties and biocompatibility. Experimental studies revealed that irregularities on the substrate surface had a negative influence on the crystallites growth direction. Chromium implanted into the a‐C:H structure reacted with carbon forming the cubic nanocrystal chromium carbides of the Cr23C6 type. The cracking was initiated at the coating/substrate interface and the energy of brittle cracking was reduced because of the plastic deformation at each Cr interlayer interface. The wear mechanism and cracking process was described in micro‐ and nanoscale by means of transmission electron microscope studies. Examined materials of coated CFC type would find applications in advanced surgical tools.
Huge ovarian endometrioma that grew after menopause: Case report
Authors: Matsushima Takashi , Asakura Hirobumi
Published: January 2016

Endometriomas occur in women of reproductive age and are rare after menopause. A 56‐year‐old gravida 3 para 2 woman complained of abdominal fullness that had gradually worsened over approximately one year (i.e. 5 years postmenopause). Diagnostic imaging revealed a cystic lesion that extended to just below the diaphragm. An ovarian cystoma of low malignancy was suspected. The preoperative blood test indicated normal estradiol levels at 12.6 pg/mL. She underwent bilateral adnexectomy and total hysterectomy. The appendages on the affected (i.e. right) side weighed approximately 12 kg. An ovarian endometrioma with benign pathology was diagnosed. Postmenopausal endometrioma can occur even in patients with normal postmenopausal estradiol values who are not receiving exogenous hormones. These patients require careful follow‐up.
Affirm VPIII microbial identification test can be used to detect gardnerella vaginalis,Candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis microbial infections in Korean women
Authors: Byun Seung Won , Park Yeon Joon , Hur Soo Young
Published: January 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test results for Korean women to those obtained for Gardnerella vaginalis through Nugent score, Candida albicans based on vaginal culture and Trichomonas vaginalis based on wet smear diagnostic standards.

Methods

Study participants included 195 women with symptomatic or asymptomatic vulvovaginitis under hospital obstetric or gynecologic care. A definite diagnosis was made based on Nugent score for Gardnerella, vaginal culture for Candida and wet prep for Trichomonas vaginalis. Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test results were then compared to diagnostic standard results.

Results

Of the 195 participants, 152 were symptomatic, while 43 were asymptomatic. Final diagnosis revealed 68 (37.87%) cases of Gardnerella, 29 (14.87%) cases of Candida, one (0.51%) case of Trichomonas, and 10 (5.10%) cases of mixed infections. The detection rates achieved by each detection method (Affirm assay vs diagnostic standard) for Gardnerella and Candida were not significantly different (33.33% vs 34.8% for Gardnerella, 13.33% vs 14.87% for Candida, respectively).

The sensitivity and specificity of the Affirm test for Gardnerella compared to the diagnostic standard were 75.0% and 88.98%, respectively. For Candida, the sensitivity and specificity of the Affirm test compared to the diagnostic standard were 82.76% and 98.80%, respectively. The number of Trichomonas cases was too small (1 case) to be statistically analyzed.

Conclusions

The Affirm test is a quick tool that can help physicians diagnose and treat patients with infectious vaginitis at the point of care.
Impact of null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 with uterine leiomyoma risk in Iranian population
Authors: Mostafavi Salva Sadat , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Sadat Seyed Mehdi , Davari Tanha Fatemeh , Aghasadeghi Mohammad Reza , Bahramali Golnaz , Abbasi Ranjbar Parinaz , Sadeghifard Vida , Javadi Foozieh
Published: January 2016

Aim

Few studies have investigated the role of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in uterine leiomyoma. Therefore, in the current study the distribution of these genotypes in Iranian women and susceptibility to uterine leiomyoma was investigated.

Methods

Blood samples of 50 patients with uterine leiomyoma and 50 healthy individual controls were collected in this cross‐sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted, and subsequently GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were detected by the Gap‐polymerase chain reaction method.

Results

A total of 42% of patients appeared to lack GSTM1 enzyme activity due to the presence of an extended deletion (GSTM1 0/0 genotype), compared with 18% in a control group (odds ratio [OR], 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–9.37; P < 0.010). In addition, the prevalence of the GSTT1 null genotype in patients was higher than that in the control group (42% to 14%, P < 0.009). Also, it was shown that individuals with both null genotypes (–/–) had a 19.23‐fold higher risk of developing the disease in comparison to people who showed both present genotypes (+/+). (P = 0.007; 95%CI, 2.20–167.41). Besides, it was observed that at least one null genotype increases the risk of myoma to 2.6 compared to the both present genotype (P‐value < 0.03, 95%CI, 1.05–6.82).

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is first significant correlation between risk of uterine leiomyoma and null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes among Iranian patients. Our data support the involvement of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in uterine leiomyoma liability, and especially its role as a genetic factor in the occurrence of this disease.
Predictors of persistent detrusor overactivity in women with pelvic organ prolapse following transvaginal mesh repair
Authors: Liang Ching‐Chung , Hsieh Wu‐Chiao , Lin Yi‐Hao , Tseng Ling‐Hong
Published: January 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the contributing factors of persistent detrusor overactivity (DO) in women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) after transvaginal mesh (TVM) repair.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with DO and advanced POP who had undergone TVM in a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2014. All patients received evaluations, including a structured urogynecological questionnaire, pelvic examination using the POP‐Quantification System, scores of the Urogenital Distress Inventory and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, and urodynamic testing before TVM repair and 6 months after surgery. Patient demographics, lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary urgency, incontinence and frequency, and urodynamic findings were analyzed between women with and without persistent DO at 12 months after surgery.

Results

Of 326 patients with POP who underwent TVM repair, 63 with preoperative DO were included. Urinary urgency was present in 27 (42.9%), and urgency incontinence was present in 26 (41.3%) patients. Nineteen (30.2%) patients had persistent DO after surgery. Patients with persistent DO had lower preoperative maximal flow rate (MFR), higher preoperative detrusor pressure at maximum flow, higher postoperative residual urine volume and higher rates of concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension compared to those without DO. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative MFR and concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension were associated with persistent DO.

Conclusion

Twenty percent of women with advanced POP had DO, and most of these cases resolved after prolapse repair. For women with lower preoperative MFR and concomitant sacrospinous ligament suspension, preoperative counseling should consist of a discussion about persistent DO and relevant urinary symptoms following TVM repair.
Predictors of recurrent/residual disease after loop electrosurgical excisional procedure
Authors: Chikazawa Kenro , Netsu Sachiho , Motomatsu Shigeru , Konno Ryo
Published: January 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify predictors of recurrent/residual disease for management after loop electrosurgical excisional procedure.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 178 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma who underwent the loop electrosurgical excisional procedure betweenApril2011 andMarch2014. Endocervical/ectocervical margin status, endocervical curettage (ECC) status, and maximum width of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were assessed. Patients were followed up for 6–12 months.

Results

Patients with endocervical margin involvement were significantly older and those with ectocervical margin involvement were significantly younger than patients with no margin involvement (P= 0.02 for both comparisons). ECC‐positive patients were significantly older than ECC‐negative patients (P= 0.049). There was a significant difference in the mean width of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia between women with ectocervical involvement and those without ecto‐ or endocervical involvement (10.2 ± 3.1 mm vs 7.3 ± 3.5 mm,P= 0.0002). The odds ratios for possible recurrent/residual disease for endocervical involvement, ectocervical involvement, and ECC‐positivity were 2.1 (0.5–8.4), 3.2 (1.3–7.9), and 6.8 (1.4–32.1), respectively. However, while most ECC‐positive patients underwent a second surgery, most patients with ectocervical involvement did not need further treatment.

Conclusion

Older age and ECC were significantly associated with endocervical margin involvement; younger age and width of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were associated with ectocervical margin involvement. Ectocervical margin involvement significantly increased the risk of possible recurrent/residual disease; however, these patients might recover naturally. ECC‐positivity significantly increased the risk of recurrent/residual disease.
Nuclear DNA level and life cycle of kelps: Evidence for sex‐specific polyteny in Macrocystis (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Müller Dieter G. , Maier Ingo , Marie Dominique , Westermeier Renato
Published: January 2016

Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh, is the subject of intense breeding studies for marine biomass production and conservation of natural resources. In this context, six gametophyte pairs and a sporophyte offspring of Macrocystis from South America were analyzed by flow cytometry. Minimum relative DNA content per cell (1C) was found in five males. Unexpectedly, nuclei of all female gametophytes contained approximately double the DNA content (2C) of males; the male gametophyte from one locality also contained 2C, likely a spontaneous natural diploid variant. The results illustrate a sex‐specific difference in nuclear DNA content among Macrocystis gametophytes, with the chromosomes of the females in a polytenic condition. This correlates with significantly larger cell sizes in female gametophytes compared to males and resource allocation in oogamous reproduction. The results provide key information for the interpretation of DNA measurements in kelp life cycle stages and prompt further research on the regulation of the cell cycle, metabolic activity, sex determination, and sporophyte development.
Energy cost and putative benefits of cellular mechanisms modulating buoyancy in aflagellate marine phytoplankton
Authors: Lavoie Michel , Raven John A , Levasseur Maurice
Published: January 2016

Little information is available on the energetics of buoyancy modulation in aflagellate phytoplankton, which comprises the majority of autotrophic cells found in the ocean. Here, we computed for three aflagellate species of marine phytoplankton (Emiliania huxleyi, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Ethmodiscus rex) the theoretical minimum energy cost as photons absorbed and nitrogen resource required of the key physiological mechanisms (i.e., replacement of quaternary ammonium by dimethyl‐sulfoniopropionate, storage of polysaccharides, and cell wall biosynthesis) affecting the cell's vertical movement as a function of nitrogen (N) availability. These energy costs were also normalized to the capacity of each buoyancy mechanism to modulate sinking or rising rates based on Stokes' law. The three physiological mechanisms could act as ballast in the three species tested in conditions of low N availability at a low fraction (<12%) of the total photon energy cost for growth. Cell wall formation in E. huxleyi was the least costly ballast strategy, whereas in T. pseudonana, the photon energy cost of the three ballast strategies was similar. In E. rex, carbohydrate storage and mobilization appear to be energetically cheaper than modulations in organic solute synthesis to achieve vertical migration. This supports the carbohydrate‐ballast strategy for vertical migration for this species, but argues against the theory of replacement of low‐ or high‐density organic solutes. This study brings new insights into the energy cost and potential selective advantages of several strategies modulating the buoyancy of aflagellate marine phytoplankton.
Water quality prediction capabilities of WASP model for a tropical lake system
Authors: Moses Sheela A. , Janaki Letha , Joseph Sabu , Joseph Justus
Published: January 2016

Water quality modelling facilitates our better understanding of the processes taking place in a lake system, and conservation plans to address them. The water quality analysis simulation programme (WASP) was used in this study to predict daily variations in water quality parameters, namely dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll‐a and biochemical oxygen demand concentrations in a tropical lake system. The lake was divided into eight segments with the respective morphological, environmental and flow details being model inputs. The monthly concentration of each water quality parameter also comprised model input. The model output was daily spatiotemporal variation in these parameters over a period of 476 days. This study also indicated that the occurrence of precipitation plays a major role in defining the water quality of a tropical lake. The heavy precipitation after a long gap, especially during the summer season, results in a large quantity of organic matter entering the lake through drains, thereby increasing the organic matter and phosphate in the water body, and subsequently resulting in high chlorophyll‐a concentrations in the lake. A reduced chlorophyll‐a concentration was observed during the heavy rains. The water quality fluctuations are more pronounced with precipitation, especially where polluted drains enter the lake. An improved water quality can be observed downstream, including increased dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Improved water quality was observed during the postmonsoon period, with increased salinity and dissolved oxygen concentrations, a finding that confirms generalized and specific conclusions can be achieved with the use of the WASP model.
Patterns and determinants of small‐quantity LNS utilization in rural Malawi and Mozambique: considerations for interventions with specialized nutritious foods
Authors: Kodish Stephen R. , Aburto Nancy J. , Nseluke Hambayi Mutinta , Dibari Filippo , Gittelsohn Joel
Published: January 2016

Small‐quantity, lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) show promise to improve the quality of maternal and child diets, particularly during the first 1000 days of life. The potential of SQ‐LNS to impact positively upon nutritional status relies on numerous factors, including complementary dietary intake, disease prevalence and dynamics of household utilization, including sharing practices. Therefore, this study sought to elucidate the patterns and determinants of SQ‐LNS utilization among children 6–23 months and potential sharing practices of other household members prior to intervention development. In Ntchisi, Malawi and Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, both rural, agricultural settings, we conducted two home‐feeding trials of 8 and 6 weeks, respectively, nested within a larger multi‐phase, emergent formative research design. Multiple methods, including in‐depth interviews (n = 38), direct meal observations (n = 80), full‐day child observations (n = 38) and spot checks of SQ‐LNS supply (n = 23), were conducted with households (n = 35 in Malawi; n = 24 in Mozambique). Overall, the SQ‐LNS was utilized contrary to its recommended use, with 50% of households in Malawi reporting running out of stock too early and 87% of households in Mozambique either overusing or underusing the product. Utilization of SQ‐LNS was manifested in four patterns of overuse and two of underuse and was determined by factors at multiple levels of influence. Maternal and child health efforts need to consider the reasons behind choices by households to overuse or underuse SQ‐LNS and design intervention strategies to increase the likelihood of its appropriate utilization.
DqsIR quorum sensing‐mediated gene regulation of the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans in response to oxidative stress
Authors: Lin Lin , Dai Shang , Tian Bing , Li Tao , Yu Jiangliu , Liu Chengzhi , Wang Liangyan , Xu Hong , Zhao Ye , Hua Yuejin
Published: January 2016

Here, we show that AHLs can be employed by Deinococcus radiodurans, which belongs to the unique phylum Deinococcus‐Thermus and is known for its cellular resistance to environmental stresses. An AHL‐mediated quorum‐sensing system (DqsI/DqsR) was identified in D. radiodurans. We found that under non‐stress conditions, the AHL level was “shielded” by quorum quenching enzymes, whereas AHLs accumulated when D. radiodurans was exposed to oxidative stress. Upon exposure to H2O2, AHL synthetic enzymes (DqsI) were immediately induced, while the expression of quorum‐quenching enzymes began to increase approximately 30 min after exposure to H2O2, as shown by time‐course analyses of gene expression. Both dqsI mutant (DMDqsI) and dqsR mutant (MDqsR) were more sensitive to oxidative stress compared with the wild‐type strain. Exogenous AHLs (5 μM) could completely restore the survival fraction of DMDqsI under oxidative stress. RNA‐seq analysis showed that a number of genes involved in stress‐response, cellular cleansing, and DNA repair had altered transcriptional levels in MDqsR. The DqsR, acting as a regulator of quorum sensing, controls gene expression along with AHLs. Hence, the DqsIR‐mediated quorum sensing that mediates gene regulation is an adaptive strategy for D. radiodurans in response to oxidative stresses and is conserved in the extremophilic Deinococcus bacteria.
Insecticidal sugar baits for adult biting midges
Authors: SNYDER D. , CERNICCHIARO N. , ALLAN S. A. , COHNSTAEDT L. W.
Published: January 2016

The mixing of an insecticide with sugar solution creates an oral toxin or insecticidal sugar bait (ISB) useful for reducing adult insect populations. The ability of ISBs to kill the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a vector of bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease and vesicular stomatitis viruses, was tested. The commercial insecticide formulations (percentage active ingredient) tested included bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and spinosad. Mortality rates were determined for various concentrations of commercial formulations (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1, 2 and 3%) and observed at 1, 4, 10 and 24 h post‐exposure to the ISB. In the first set of assays, laboratory‐reared midges were fed sugar ad libitum and then exposed to insecticide‐treated sugar solutions to measure mortality. The second assay assessed competitive feeding: midges were provided with a control sugar solution (10% sucrose) in one vial, and a sugar and insecticide solution in another. Pyrethroid treatments resulted in the greatest mortality in the first hour at the lowest concentrations and spinosad consumption resulted in the least mortality. Biting midges were not deterred from feeding on the 1% ISB solutions despite the presence of an insecticide‐free alternative source of sugar.
Blood pressure response to acute and chronic exercise in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Headley Samuel , Germain Michael , Wood Richard , Joubert Jyovani , Milch Charles , Evans Elizabeth , Cornelius Allen , Brewer Britton , Taylor Beth , Pescatello Linda S.
Published: January 2016

Aim

The current study was designed to determine if a relationship exists between acute and chronic blood pressure responses to aerobic exercise in pre‐dialysis patients.

Methods

Pre‐dialysis kidney patients attended four sessions before being randomized to the treatment (n = 25) or control group (n = 21). In session 1, resting blood pressure was recorded, and these measurements were repeated during the second visit when peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was assessed. In the third and fourth sessions, blood pressures were taken prior to a 40 min walk or period of seated rest. After the 40 min walk or seated rest, blood pressures were monitored for 60 min in the laboratory and for the subsequent 24 h. After session 4, subjects in the treatment group trained aerobically at a moderate intensity, three times per week for 16 weeks. Control subjects were asked to be sedentary. All measurements were repeated after 16 weeks of training or sedentary living.

Results

Training increased VO2peak (mL/kg per minute) in the treatment group (baseline 19.6 ± 6.7 vs 21.2 ± 7.7, P < 0.05), with no change in the control (18.0 ± 6.0 vs 17.5 ± 5.7) group. Post‐exercise hypotension occurred at baseline prior to training but was unaffected by 16 weeks of training.

Conclusion

Post‐exercise hypotension occurs in pre‐dialysis patients following aerobic exercise, but short‐term moderate‐intensity continuous aerobic training has no effect upon this response. There seems to be no relationship between the acute and chronic blood pressure responses to exercise in pre‐dialysis kidney patients.
Prognostic significance of CD44v6, p63, podoplanin and MMP‐9 in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Monteiro LS , Delgado ML , Ricardo S , do Amaral B , Salazar F , Pacheco JJ , Lopes CA , Bousbaa H , Warnakulasuryia S
Published: January 2016

Objectives

To analyse the expression of the CD44v6, p63, podoplanin and MMP‐9, and their prognostic significance in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).

Material and methods

Immunohistochemistry technique was performed on 60 OSCC for detection of CD44v6, p63, podoplanin and MMP‐9 proteins. Extent and intensity of staining were evaluated in tumour cells and were compared with patients' clinical–pathological characteristics and survival.

Results

CD44v6 expression was detected at the membrane of tumour cells of 94% cases. Nuclear expression of p63 protein was present in 96.5%. Podoplanin was observed at the membrane of tumour cells of 94% cases. MMP‐9 was found in the cytoplasm of tumour cells in 83.7% cases. A high level of expression (67%–89%) in all four proteins was noted. Podoplanin was associated with the expression of MMP‐9 (P = 0.010) and both were associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011 and P = 0.018, respectively). Co‐expression of podoplanin/MMP‐9 was an adverse independent prognostic factor for cancer‐specific survival (P = 0.008) and recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.042).

Conclusion

Podoplanin and MMP‐9 together could contribute to tumour progression and dissemination of OSCC. Their combined overexpression showed an adverse effect on survival, suggesting that they could be regarded as important prognostic biomarkers in OSCC.