bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modele organizacji trzeciego sektora
Authors: Janiszewski Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Organizacje pozarządowe odgrywają podobną rolę w całej Europie. Mają one sprawić, że ludziom będzie się żyło lepiej. Warunki prawne ich funkcjonowania w poszczególnych krajach, ze względu na rozwój historyczny i sytuację społeczno-gospodarczą, są jednak zupełnie inne. W niniejszym artykule autor prezentuje formy działalności organizacji pozarządowych w krajach europejskich oraz procesy, dzięki którym ewoluowały europejskie modele organizacyjne.
Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym – wyzwania dla przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Kwiecień Kamil
Published: March 2020

Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym dąży do oddzielenia wzrostu gospodarczego od zużycia zasobów i wpływu na środowisko. Dla przedsiębiorstw stanowi źródło zarówno potencjalnych korzyści, jak i poważnych wyzwań. Celem artykułu jest wyodrębnienie wyzwań, z którymi muszą zmierzyć się firmy wdrażające założenia tej koncepcji. Przedstawiono także charakterystyczne dla gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego modele biznesowe i strategie. Niniejszy artykuł ma charakter teoretyczny.
Ecological and Economic Development of Agriculture in Ukraine
Authors: Lopatynskyi Yurii , Meglei Viktor
Published: March 2020

The conditions for ecological safety and economic growth of Ukrainian agrarian complex are analyzed, as well as the factors effecting on present-day state of agrarian sector are considered and ecological components in a system of Ukrainian agriculture are assessed. Effects of state regulation on ecological and economic development of domestic agrarian sector are characterized. Perspective ways to help solve strategic agrarian tasks include involvement of organizational and economic levers to be the mechanisms for uniform development of various sub-sectors of agrarian economy; introduction of modern integrative logistic-type agrarian associations; betterment of agricultural products’ sales conditions; expansion of sales network on the basis of agrarian market’s improved infrastructure, etc; indisputable support of innovative technologies in the process of production; consideration of ecological and economic factors in conditions of increased use of renewable resources; re-utilization of wastes of agricultural production.
«ÉRAMOS MUCHOS Y PARIÓ LA MONA»: DIETA DE Alouatta pigra EN CONDICIONES DE FRAGMENTACIÓN EN BALANCÁN, TABASCO
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Dolores , Serio Silva Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

Los monos aulladores negros o saraguatos negros ('Alouatta pigra') constituyen una de las tres especies de primates silvestres mexicanos. Sin embargo, a pesar de que se ha documentado su gran flexibilidad conductual para adaptarse a diferentes ambientes, se tienen evidencias del impacto que tiene la disponibilidad del alimento y características de la vegetación en el éxito del aprovechamiento del hábitat que ocupen. A fin de evaluar de qué manera esta especie se adapta y selecciona su dieta dentro de un hábitat con fragmentación extrema, se realizaron observaciones conductuales. Así se pudo conocer las especies vegetales consumidas por dos grupos de saraguatos negros en dos sitios con distintas características y limitado espacio arbóreo.
REVISIÓN DE LAS TEMÁTICAS EMERGENTES DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LOS HUMEDALES: CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y ENERGÍA
Authors: Vidal Sierra Christian Alejandra , Serna Mendoza Ciro Alfonso , Pacheco Figueroa Coral Jazvel , Valdez Leal Juan de Dios , Betancur Pérez Jhon Fredy , Moguel Ordóñez Eduardo Javier
Published: March 2020

Se realizó una revisión general para explorar las temáticas emergentes de la sostenibilidad de los humedales tanto naturales como artificiales y su relación con el cambio climático y el uso de la energía. Se efectuó una búsqueda de artículos científicos y revisiones en la base de datos especializada Scopus® mediante la construcción de una fórmula avanzada empleando dos grupos de palabras claves en inglés, delimitando el periodo de interés entre los años 1980 a 2019. Los principales hallazgos de las investigaciones reportadas, fueron desarrolladas en su mayoría en territorios del continente asiático, siendo China el líder en estas temáticas. La información contenida se agrupó en tres aspectos relevantes: técnico-energético, ecológico, y social.
Persuasives Handeln im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs und seine lexikografische Darstellung: das Beispiel der Kollokation Bild zeichnen
Authors: Meissner Cordula , Wallner Franziska
Published: March 2020

Persuasive speech-acts in scientific texts and their lexicographic representation: The example of the collocation Bild zeichnenCommunication in science can be described as persuasive as far as it is characterized by the need to convince the community of recipients of the scientific value of one’s own results. Lexicography of academic language has to take this into consideration. But how can one describe the linguistic realisation of persuasive speech acts lexicographically in scientific communication? As this cannot be captured on the level of single words, but is rather expressed in the form of more complex struc­tures, the concepts of multi-word units, such as collocations, provide a useful approach. The paper pursues the question as to whether collocation is a suitable means for describing the presentation of the linguistic realisation of persuasive speech acts in science communication. The collocation Bild zeichnen that is used across disciplines serves as a basis for our analysis. We show how qualifying adjectives attributed to the noun Bild can establish reference to acquiring knowledge and thereby furnish the speech act with a persuasive character. Based on the results, we illustrate how an exten­ded concept of collocation can be applied to integrate the linguistic realisation of persuasive aspects of scientific communication in a lexicographic presentation.
„It’s ComforTable“: Ansätze zur Erforschung von Interaktionen an Tabletop- Displays im Ausstellungsraum
Authors: Rothe Ingmar
Published: March 2020

The persuasive dimension of design can be revealedby a detailed view on objects in spaceThis paper discusses the concepts of interactional architecture and interactional space as a base for analyzing interaction on multi-touch tabletops. It aims at showing how to develop questions for a future analysis of interactive actions through the analysis of the architecture of space. Therefore, the present paper contains a report of a data-session, in which the architecture of the tabletop was investigated. It will be shown that the tabletop’s design suggests various ways of use. Only the combination of an analysis of architecture and of interaction in a real environment may eventually lead to a better understanding of multi-user interaction. Such an in-the-wild study can result in ideas on the user-centered design of interfaces.
Gemeinde überzeugen. Das persuasive Moment des evangelischen Gottesdienstes
Authors: Schulz Lars-Robin
Published: March 2020

Convincing the parish. The persuasive aspect of protestant serviceThis contribution discusses the option of interpreting protestant services regarding its persuasive moment. Based on current theological and rhetorical findings, the concept of persuasion is presented. Furthermore, the transcripts from two services are analyzed more closely focusing on how persuasive argumentation is brought forward in them. The analysis of rhetorical and of linguistic and prosodic patterns such as topics, speech rate, pausing and stressing unveils the rich persuasive moment in the context in which it has seldom been seen before.
Sposoby derywacji w polskim języku IT
Authors: Borowska Anna
Published: March 2020

Types of Derivation in Polish IT LanguageGrowing global interest in information technology entails the need to be familiarised with its lan­guage. The author indicates a gap in linguistic research, namely the absence of regular analysis of both English and Polish IT languages. Moreover, the IT language should be differentiated from computer or programming languages. The paper presents the results of derivative analysis of texts written by IT specialists in order to illustrate the main tendencies of a new term creation in the target language, such as the Polish IT language. The author describes the derivative mechanism of Polish IT language compared to the primary language in the considered field of knowledge – English IT language. The paper also discusses the issue of originality of Polish IT language in its derivation­al dimension. The selected terms are analysed and classified according to affixes forming them. Such formation of new terms is presented through morpheme typology, composition as well as a word-formative nest. The description emphasises the variety of types and meanings that are present in derivational processes.
Grammatische Mittel im Vordergrund. Pronomen, die koordinierende Konjunktion und, die Negativpartikel nicht als Vehikel ambiger Poetizität
Authors: Foschi Albert Marina
Published: March 2020

Grammatical means in the foreground. Pronouns, the coordinating conjunction und, the negative particle nicht as a vehicle of ambiguous poeticityIn order to describe how “literary reading” proceeds, cognitive poetics makes a distinction within formal signs between “backgrounding elements”, which act as agents of automatic reading, and “foregrounding elements”, which require a more complex process of text elaboration and comprehension of the text meaning. To the first group of background elements belong all familiar words and signs compatible with normal use and expectation. This article aims to show how function words, i.e. ordinary words with limited meaning which seem to be natural candidates to serve as background elements, can express ambiguous relations, thus fulfilling a „poetic function“. The article deals with grammatical means of the German language: personal pronouns, the coordinating conjunction und, the negative particle nicht.
Emotionen in akademischen Gutachten
Authors: Cirko Lesław
Published: March 2020

Emotions in academic opinionsAccording to the general opinion, the assessment of scientific dissertations should be emotionally neutral and reliable. However, many evaluations contain emotional expressions. The author argues that linguists have no experience and theoretical basis for speaking about emotions. The author defines the scope of available linguistic research on emotions. The emotions found in the dissertations are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively on the basis of a large body of evaluations of Polish scientific papers. Linguistic means of expressing emotions are rarely used, but they are also correct stylistic means.
Vokalquantitätsverschiebungen in ausgewählten Dorfwillküren aus dem 17. und 18. Jh. Eine graphematisch-phonematische Studie
Authors: Owsiński Piotr A.
Published: March 2020

The marking of the vowel length in selected village charters from the 17th and 18th centuries. A graphemic-phonemic studyThe paper presents the results of the language analysis of the Early New High German village charters from the 17th and 18th centuries which come from: Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej, Volume XI, Warszawa/Kraków/Łódź/Poznań/Wilno/Zakopane, 1938 and Targowski 2013. The scriveners are unknown. The center of attention are the ways of marking of the long and short vowels, which came into being owing to the lengthening and shortening of the vowels in the Early New High German time. The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the script fixes the features of the spoken language. The author introduces the results of his analysis, illustrating the characteristic features with appropriate examples.
Rozmowa egzaminacyjna – wybrane cechy stylu wypowiedzi egzaminatora i egzaminowanego. Analiza korpusowa
Authors: Śmiełowska Natalia , Wabnic Kamil
Published: March 2020

Oral exam – selected features of style of utterances of examiners and students. Corpus analysisThe purpose of the article is to compare selected features of the style of utterances of professors and students in an oral exam as a communication situation. The research material consists of 25 recordings of oral exam 9 examiners with 32 students. They come from a corpus collected as part of GeWiss – a study project on the spoken scientific language. The texts were divided into two subcorpora: E examiners and S students. Corpus linguistics methods were used in analysis. Several characteristic features of scientific and official styles were compared: numerous structures proszę + infinitive; nominal structures nominal style; extensive hypotaxis. The analysis showed numerous stylistic similarities between the examined subcorpora. The style of none of the texts in the subcorpora is strongly nominal. A clear difference between the subcorpora is the presence of structures with the word proszę – it appears in the utterances of examiners, while in the utterances of students it is almost non-existent. The distribution of means responsible for cohesion in both subcorpora is different parataxis is more common than hypotaxis but is implemented differently; also, there are differences in lists of one hundred most frequently used lexemes in the subcorpora – these differences allow us to distinguish these texts with tools for automatic style similarity analysis.
Recenzja: Hanna i „jej” kino. O książce Kino Hanny Schygulli red. A Gwóźdź, Wrocław 2015
Authors: Idczak Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

HANNA AND “HER” CINEMA. ON THE BOOK KINO HANNY SCHYGULLI, ED. A. GWÓŹDŹ, WROCŁAW 2015, 394 PP.The paper is a review of Kino Hanny Schygulli a volume published in the series “Niemcy — Media — Kultura” “Germany — Media — Culture”, edited by Andrzej Gwóźdź. Contributors of the publication represent various disciplines and present their own unique view. As a consequence, the main aim of the volume — which is to show a phenomenon of Schygulla’s art of acting in the broadest perspective — is fulfilled. The actress is presented as a creative entity, an exceptional co-author of films in which she performed. The author of the review claims that although the contributors analyze an interesting and still undescribed issue, the book does not meet the reader’s expectations, provoked by the editor’s initial assumptions expressed in the preface. The biggest deficiency of the volume seems to be the lack of solid theoretical background in describing the connection between the author and the actor developed in theatre and film studies.                                                                                  Translated by Aleksandra Idczak
“Walking into the World of the Western”: David Michôd’s „The Rover” as Australian Post-Western
Authors: Campbell Neil
Published: March 2020

This article argues that David Michôd’s The Rover is a“post-Western” film in the sense that it utilizes Western tropes to explore the consequences of settler-colonialism in aglobal context. Whilst “remembering” the US Western its use of its attributes helps analyze family, land-use, capitalism, masculinity and loss in atransnational, globalized world.„WCHODZĄC W ŚWIAT WESTERNU” — ROVER DAVIDA MICHÔDA JAKO AUSTRALIJSKI POSTWESTERNArtykuł przekonuje, że film Davida Michôda The Rover jest z gatunku postwesternu w tym sensie, iż wykorzystuje westernowe toposy w celu zbadania konsekwencji osadnictwa kolonialnego w kontekście ogólnoświatowym. Jeśli się pamięta amerykański western, zastosowanie jego cech pomaga w analizie rodziny, gospodarowania ziemią, kapitalizmu, męskości i utraty w ponadnarodowym, zglobalizowanym świecie.                                                                                              Przeł. Kordian Bobowski
Filmowe czytanie Szekspira. Adaptacja jako interpretacja. O książce "Lustra i echa. Filmowe adaptacje dzieł Williama Shakespeare’a", red. O. Katafiasz, Kraków 2017, ss. 434
Authors: Marczak Mariola
Published: March 2020

FILM READING OF SHAKESPEARE. ADAPTATION AS INTERPRETATIONThe text is a review of a book entitled Lustra i echa. Filmowe adaptacje dzieł Williama Shakespeare’a Mirrors and Echoes. Film Adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Works edited by Olga Katafiasz. The monograph is a compilation of studies and essays prepared by filmologists, theatre studies and culture studies scholars referring to various film adaptations of William Shakespeare’s works. At the beginning the reviewer reminds film theories concerning film adaptation and the output of filmology on the topic of film adaptations of Shakespeare’s works. The author situates the book in view within the map of past and update researches of both types and evaluates their quality as a part of them. She underlines that the variety of points of view and research approaches to Shakespeare himself and to his oeuvre in Olga Katafiasz’s elaboration highlight the distinctive place of Shakespeare in nowadays culture, including pop-culture. Moreover, the variety of scholar and artistic approaches to the master from Stratford reveals also cognitive and creative abilities of film art and makes clear cultural productivity and actuality of Shakespeare. The latter means first of all possible achievement of historical and cultural accommodation to different discourses as well as of being a tool of update cultural communication. Namely in Marczak’s opinion Mirrors and Echoes… provides a practical implementation of the film theory of adaptation as interpretation of the source text and endeavors to be a response to those who ask whether Shakespeare remains a vivid author, delivering important questions and important answers for human beings of 21st century.
Peryferie mają głos. O książce Jarosława Pietrzaka "Smutki tropików. Współczesne kino Ameryki Łacińskiej jako kino polityczne", Warszawa 2016, ss. 312
Authors: Czerkawski Piotr
Published: March 2020

PERIPHERIES HAVE VOICE. THE REVIEW OF THE BOOK SMUTKI TROPIKÓW. KINO AMERYKI ŁACIŃSKIEJ JAKO KINO POLITYCZNE BY JAROSŁAW PIETRZAK, WARSZAWA 2016, 312 PP.This text is a review of the book by Jaroslaw Pietrzak Smutki tropików. Kino Ameryki Łacińskiej jako kino polityczne Tristes Tropiques. The Cinema of Latin America as a Political Cinema. The review draws attention to the specifics of the author’s viewpoint, which connects his interest in politics, culture, cinematography, while drawing from a strong influence of leftist sensibilities. In the line of arguments presented in the text, the essayistic freedom Pietrzak uses to connect seemingly distant issues, makes reading his book a satisfactory, erudite adventure. However, it seems to be problematic in the moments in which the author gives in to his emotions and uses persuasive tactics closer to the publicists manifestos rather than any analytic deliberations. The book review concludes that Smutki tropików, despite several critical flaws, finally earns a respectable position, in particular with the essays This first September 11, 1973, Santiago de Chile and The Communist Go to Heaven deserving a praise.
Spojrzenie z „drugiej strony”. Andrzej Wajda w dokumentach Wydziału Kultury KC PZPR w latach 80.
Authors: Zwierzchowski Piotr
Published: March 2020

A LOOK FROM THE “OTHER SIDE”. ANDRZEJ WAJDA IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CULTURE DEPARTMENT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PZPR POLISH UNITED WORKER’S PARTY IN THE 1980SFilm activity in the PRL Polish People’s Republic was subject to the Ministry of Culture and Arts and the Culture Department of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party. The latter one was a typical bureaucratic-party institution. It also means that it produced dozens of letters, reports, circulars, notes, etc. The name of Andrzej Wajda appears in them very often. No other artist was the object of such a grand interest, although of course Wajda was in the focus of attention of the Culture Department not only as a director, but above all as the president of the Polish Filmmakers Association and as the authority among filmmakers. Perhaps it is these voices from the “other side” that best inform how important he was in the 80’s among Polish artists. They also allow us to take a closer look at the tensions in this group. We can realize the party-bureaucratic dimension of film life in Poland and the way of functioning of one of the power centers responsible for cinematography.
Nie złamie trzciny nadłamanej… Nowy wymiar świętości w kinie i filmie telewizyjnym na Wyspach
Authors: Regiewicz Adam
Published: March 2020

He will not break the fractioned reed … The new dimension of holiness in the cinema in the UKThe image of holiness shaped in the tradition of European culture in the last half-century has clearly changed. The place of spiritual saints was taken over by the full blooded characters, full of inner struggle, immersed in the flow of everyday life. The new saint’s image is taken over by the cinema, distrustful — just like the entire postmodern culture — towards total narratives, including religious ones. Such an image emerges from the Calvary and Broken series analysed in the article. They propose a picture of “ordinary sanctity,” which not only fits in the teaching of Pope Francis, but is a return to the evangelical image of the holy apostles: simple, passionate, ready to sacrifice their life, and weak, making mistakes, falling into crises.
Postać Adama Chmielowskiego św. Brata Alberta w filmie "Brat naszego Boga" Krzysztofa Zanussiego
Authors: Ślipko Mariusz
Published: March 2020

The character of Adam Chmielowski St. Brother Albert in the film Our God’s brother directed by Krzysztof Zanussi The film Our God’s Brother, directed by Krzysztof Zanussi in 1997, is the adaptation of Karol Wojtyła’s drama of the same title. Adam Chmielowski, who was later known as St. Brother Albert, is the main character in the film. He lived between 1845 and 1916 in the times of the industrial revolution, which led many people to misery. Brother Albert was an artist and painter by profession. Feeling that he was called by God, he decided to give up painting and he started helping the homeless. In his film, Krzysztof Zanussi shows Brother Albert’s path to holiness and the roots of his heroism. The article consists of five points. The first one focuses on the characteristics and structure of the film. The second one briefly shows the story of Adam Chmielowski’s life. In the third part the play by Karol Wojtyła entitled Our God’s Brother is described. The fourth part shows how Krzysztof Zanussi adapted the play into a film, and it also presents a film portrayal of St. Brother Albert. Finally, the conclusion shows the essence of the main character’s holiness. The film can be divided into two parts. In the first one Adam Chmielowski discerns his vocation. In the second one, after his decision to serve the homeless, his vocation develops and he becomes a friar. His service is based on his trust to the Creator and him following merciful Christ. It leads to the fullness of his humanity, freedom and happiness.
Relacje Polonii harbińskiej z ludnością japońską w latach 1932–1937
Authors: Michalewicz Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Связи харбинской Полонии с японским населением в 1932–1937 годахВ первой половине ХХ века в Харбине проживала харбинская Полония, насчитывающая несколько тысяч человек. Она устанавливала контакты с другими жителями города, как с китайцами, так и с представителями народных меньшинств. Значительное влияние на эти связи оказывала политическая ситуация: занятие японцами северо-восточной части Китая и создание марионеточного государства Маньчжоу-го.Упомянутая ситуация оказала особое влияние на формирование связей харбинской Полонии с японцами. Контакты с представителями армии были или негативные, или, реже, нейтральными. Личные контакты были также спорадичными и чаще ограничивались только знакомством с японцами, которые были членами российских семей. Интерес членов харбинской Полонии к культуре и японскому языку был также слабый и обусловливался единственно желанием лучшего понимания тогдашней политической ситуации.Важнейшим дополнительным источником информации для характеристики этого периода является, прежде всего, полонийная пресса: «Дальний Восток» и «Ведомости харбинские», а также журнал «Ежеквартальник Восток». The relations between members of the Polish diaspora and Japanese people in Harbin, 1932–1937A numerous Polish diaspora several thousands was living in Harbin in the first half of the 20th century. The members of the Polish community tried to establish relations with Chinese people and members of other national minorities. These relationships were most strongly influenced by the political situation: the annexation of the north-east part of China’s territory by the Japanese, and established there by Japan a puppet state — Manchukuo.These situations had a peculiar impact on the Polish–Japanese relationships in Harbin. The contacts of the Polish people with the Japanese army were negative or, rarely, neutral. Private contacts were also occasional. Frequently, members of the Polish diaspora maintained contact with only those Japanese people who were members of Russian families. The interest in Japanese culture and Japanese language was also low. It was connected with trying to better understand the contemporary political situation.The main and key sources for this period are: the press of the Polish diaspora like: Daleki Wschód Far east and Listy Harbińskie Letters from Harbin and memoirs of the members of the Polish diaspora. The additional, supplementary sources which enlarge the knowledge about these times are: Polskie Dokumenty Dyplomatyczne Polish diplomacy documents and also Kwartalnik Wschód Quarterly journal east.
Kilka uwag na temat stalinizmu w świetle pamiętników Lubow Orłowej
Authors: Skotarczak Dorota
Published: March 2020

Несколько замечаний на тему сталинизма на основе дневников Любови ОрловойСтатья содержит рефлексии на тему эпохи сталинизма на основе материалов недавно открытых и изданных дневников звезды советского кино и любовницы Сталина Любови Орловой. Автор дневников восторгается Сталиным, не видит его преступлений. Кажется, она верит, что Советский Союз под его руководством выглядел так, как в её фильмах «Светлый путь», «Цирк» и «Волга, Волга». Эти фильмы были рассмотрены в контексте того, что написала Орлова. Some remarks on Stalinism in the light of Lyubov Orlova’s memoirsThe article presents reflections on the Stalinist period based on the material provided by the recently discovered and published memoirs of a star of Soviet cinema and Stalin’s mistress, Lyubov Orlova. The actress was full of admiration for Stalin and did not notice his crimes. She seemed to believe that the Soviet Union under his leadership looked like it did in her films: Jolly Fellows, Circus and Volga, Volga. The films are discussed in the context of Orlova’s words.
Zasada subsydiarności w organizacji i funkcjonowaniu samorządu terytorialnego w III Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Ganowicz Ewa
Published: March 2020

The principle of subsidiarity in organisation and functioningof the local government in the Third Republic of PolandThis article aims to show the impact of subsidiarity on the shape and functioning of self-government at the local level after the political transformation in the Republic of Poland. The analysis covers the main determinants of implementation of the principle of subsidiarity — from the territorial ones, determining the place of local government in the organizational structure of the State, those relating to the distribution of power public tasks and competence to perform them between the central government and the local government degree of autonomy and between local government units vertically and horizontally.The principle of subsidiarity in Poland at first in the first decade after the transformation manifested itself as a kind of directive for the lawmakers to create institutions in such a way that allows decisions to be made at the lowest possible level, and then as a legal principle that enables verification of the use of powers given to those institutions and assessment of compatibility of their functioning with the subsidiarity. Although the current conditions are not sufficient for the full implementation of the principle of subsidiarity, it seems that the Constitution creates a possibility to deepen this process.
Unequal access to green space as a cause of a new category of health inequalities
Authors: Makarewicz-Marcinkiewicz Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Unequal access to green space as a cause of a new categoryof health inequalitiesThe article presents the influence of unequal access to green space on human health, resulting in the formation of health inequalities. The work is based on the hypothesis that unequal access to green areas in the place of residence and leisure, largely determined by the level of income and the scope of implementation of sustainable development strategy by the state, contributes to deepening social health inequalities. The article analyses the attitude towards the impact of access to green space on health present in official documents and related researchIt also identifies a direct link between limited access to green space and social health inequalities. In the last part of the article, legal regulations concerning access to greenery in Poland are presented.
O zasadzie proporcjonalności D’Hondta jako relacji określonej na nierównolicznych populacjach
Authors: Rębowski Ryszard
Published: March 2020

On the D’Hondt principle as a relation definedon unequinumerous populationsA mathematical model of the problem of dividing two unequinumerous populations based on the partition of one of them was constructed. It has been shown that the division meets the requirements formulated in the criterion called the principle of proportionality, which is a mathematical version of the widely used in political science principle of the distribution of seats based on the D’Hondt method.
Globalne zarządzanie w perspektywie transnarodowego materializmu historycznego
Authors: Rewizorski Marek
Published: March 2020

Transnational historical materialism as a perspectiveon global governanceThe main purpose of this article is to systematize various positions held by transnational historical materialists in relation to global governance. They believe that the aforementioned phenomenon is a concept whose purpose is to conceal the class character of control practices taking place in the contemporary capitalist economy. The common denominator is the historical relationship between globalization, commodification and liberalization, as processes which became particularly evident in the late 1970s and 80s. Hence, the first part of this article shows criticism of the UN vision of global governanceIn the second part, the issue analyzed is embedded in a theoretical outlook, based mainly on the works of Immanuel Wallerstein, Henk Overbeek, Robert Cox, Mark Duffield and Stephen Gill. The article ends with conclusions containing generalizations resulting from the analysis.
Polityka społeczna wobec osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce
Authors: Sala Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Social policy towards people with disabilities in PolandThe problem of disability is an element of social and economic policy of the stateIn Poland, disability affects every tenth person and is present in every fourth household. The wide range of actions is aimed at equality and improvement of the situation of people with disabilities through elimination of architectural, legal or mental barriers.The aim of the publication was to present selected elements of social policy towards the disabled people in Poland, by an indication of the task purpose fund responsible for this area PFRON and the tasks of local authorities in this matter.The publication is based on the available literature, statistical data and netography. The article presents briefly the nature and genesis of the concept of disability. It presents as well characteristics of the scale of disability in Poland and discusses the evolution of approaches to persons with disabilities in time.
Metateoretyczne uwagi do koncepcji polityczności Chantal Mouffe w kontekście jej ideologicznych uwikłań
Authors: Minkner Kamil
Published: March 2020

Metatheoretical comments on Chantal Mouffe’s conception of the political in the context of its ideological implicationsThe article contains the thesis that in political science theories a scientific, ideological and philosophical components are so fused that it is impossible to separate them completely. For this reason, the ideological content not only does not undermine the cognitive value of theoretical argument, but even contributes to it — if the relevant criteria are metI think, that the metatheoretical optics is the most appropriate approach to analyse these criteria. It allows not only to describe given theory, but also enables more problematic de­construction of its conditions and cognitive status. In this article the analysis of this type is presented on the example of Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic conflict theory by taking into consideration three following criteria. First, the ontological and epistemological assumptions of this theory are explained. Secondly, vivisection of the structures and forms of reasoning peculiar to the agonistic paradigm is conducted, followed by the examination of the paradigm’s presence in the scientific discourse. Thirdly, the approaches which are both polemical and supportive for the Mouffe’s theory, but representing different intellectual and ideological circles, are presented.
Endemiczność konfliktu, nieuchronność polityki
Authors: Drałus Dorota
Published: March 2020

Ubiquity of conflict, unavoidability of politicsThe aim of this paper is to outline an argument in support of a thesis asserting an intimate relationship between a conflict and politics. I begin with a criticism of the claim that a conflict and politics are related to each other in a contingent and incidental way only. My criticism is aimed against the Marxist perspective in understanding politics which may be understood as radically anti-political one. For, despite stressing the unavoidability of social conflicts, Marxists claim that politics is a historical phenomenon and will be abolished together with the abolition of the state. Main weakness of this approach is that it is based on the identification of politics with the interest of the state institutions; in this way Marxism delimits the scope of politics to the level of state institutions onlyI consider this delimitation unfounded and I invoke a pan-pol­itical conception of politics, formulated by Adrian Leftwich, who points out to the political nature of micro and macro structures of society.
Polityka językowa Polski i Czechosłowacji wobec mniejszości ukraińskiej w okresie międzywojennym na przykładzie szkolnictwa Galicji i Zakarpacia
Authors: Ruda Oksana
Published: March 2020

Language policy of Poland and Czechoslovakia concerning the Ukrainian minority in the interwar period on the example of the schooling of Galicia and TranscarpathiaIn the article the international treaties and internal laws and orders of Poland and the Czechoslovakia, which regulate the linguistic rights of national minorities in field of education are studiedInternal legislation of the Czechoslovakia guaranteed free use of minority language both orally and in writing, and provided the right for national minorities to study in their native language in public primary, secondary and higher educationOn the contrary, in the constitutional acts of Poland only the right of minorities to study their mother tongue in public primary schools was guaranteed. Due the prevalence of Ukrainians in Galicia, the Polish authorities with respect to these territories performed different national and language policy aimed at deepening regional differences and assimilation of the Ukrainian population.
Znaczenie zintegrowanego podejścia do obszarów funkcjonalnych w ujęciu regionalnym — studium przypadku
Authors: Broniszewski Michał
Published: March 2020

The importance of an integrated approach to functional areas in terms of regional — case studyThe aim of the article is to approximate the importance of an integrated approach to the development of functional areas in territorial policy. The concept of an integrated approach is presented in this paper to illustrate the importance of integrated public actions for the development of functional areas. A systematic analysis was used at the theoretical level to examine organizational conditions and to support the imple­mentation of an integrated approach to the development of functional areas. A case study was used as a re­search method in the empirical level based on the analysis of the selected ZIT, to determine the method of implementing the integrated development of functional areas in the regional policy of the European Union.
Rywalizacja w ramach listy wyborczej jako konsekwencja systemu list półotwartych w wyborach do Sejmu RP
Authors: Kruszyńska Paulina
Published: March 2020

Competition between candidates from the same party against each other as a consequence of the open-list PR system in elections to the Polish Sejm lower houseAlthough a open-list PR system guarantees the voter the possibility of nominating a specific candidate from the list, which, according to voters, should represent his political option, it is often said that voters do not exercise that power, and that for the election results the most important is candidate’s ballot positionHo­wever, we know that the personal votes have a real impact on the electoral success. The question is what prompts voters to vote for a particular candidateThe purpose of this article is to analyze the results of the elections to the Polish Sejm from 2015 in terms of the ballot position effect, the intervention effect of the personal votes on the electoral success and effect of one of the determinants of the individual candidate’s success — locality/local ties of candidate.
Wpływ genetycznych modyfikacji żywności na stan zdrowia jako kwestia społeczna
Authors: Makarewicz-Marcinkiewicz Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

The influence of genetic modification of food on health as a contemporary social issueThe article attempts to demonstrate that the process of genetic modification of food and its consequences in the form of influencing the health of entire societies, agro-ecosystems and the environment, which increasingly depends on the degree to which basic needs are met, is a contemporary social issue. Based on the results of mainly biochemical and biotechnological research, the types of genetic modifications of food and their impact on health have been analysed. Secondary analysis of the studies allowed the identification of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome of laboratory animals in reaction to the consumption of genetically modified plants. The paper also analyses the documents of the European Union and the Polish legislation concerning the admission to cultivation and subsequent trade of food products containing genetically modified ingredients.
Przyszłość demograficzna Polski a rynek pracy
Authors: Sipurzyńska-Rudnicka Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

The demographic future of Poland and the labour market The study focuses on the demographic changes expected in Poland by 2050 and their impact on the labour market. The forecasts indicate a significant loss of potential labour resources, their aging and the increase in the burden on those resources from the non-productive population. This situation may trigger a num­ber of threats to the labour market and the economy, including the occurrence of labour shortages, weak­ening of competitiveness and economic growth. Previous socio-demographic statistics, however, point to the complexity of the relationship between demography and the labour market, and they discourage sim­plistic conclusions regarding the nature of these links in the future.
Diagnoza i analiza funkcjonowania organizacji pozarządowych w obszarze opieki w Polsce. Wnioski z badań empirycznych
Authors: Goleński Wojciech , Rączaszek Andrzej
Published: March 2020

Diagnosis and analysis of the functioning of NGOs in the area of welfare in Poland. Conclusions from empirical studiesNon-governmental organisations NGOs, being important actors of social policy, constitute an essential link within local systems of welfare/care. Th is article presents the results and conclusions of a qualitative research carried out in six purposefully selected counties from the perspective of the diagnosis and analysis of the functioning of non-governmental organizations as part of the welfare system in Poland. They concern mainly the perception of welfare by representatives of the third sector, as well as different forms of its realization, the reasons and characteristics of the NGOs activities, the resources and expenditures related to the organization of their activities, inter-institutional cooperation and the overall assessment of these entities as a part of the local system of welfare.
Transfery poselskie w Sejmie III RP jako element strategii politycznej
Authors: Fijałkowski Michał
Published: March 2020

Parliamentary party switching in Poland as an element of political strategy The article aims to explain the phenomenon of parliamentary party switching in the context of political strategy. Switching parties by legislators during the term is often seen as an opportunistic behavior, focused on obtaining attractive places on electoral party lists. The paper’s goals are to determine if the legislators’ will to switch parties is correlated with the party public support and, finally, if the deputies truly have better chances of winning reelection if they switch parties.
Polski rok 1989 w perspektywie czechosłowackich dzienników opiniotwórczych
Authors: Marcinkowski Dominik
Published: March 2020

The Polish year 1989 through the perspective of Czechoslovak opinion-forming daily press The main goal of this article is to show the image of the most important Polish political actions in 1989 through the prism of Czechoslovak opinion-forming daily press: Rudé právo and Mladá fronta. The author is focused on the analysis of materials generally connected with the deliberations of the Round Table, as well as the Polish legislative election on 4 June. It is desirable to disclose the way of presenting of the most important actions in Poland by the Czechoslovak press in that period, which we have mentioned above. The author also tries to de­termine how acute was the attention of the press to the Polish events that had taken place during those times. The newspapers, that are analysed, were controlled by Czechoslovak Rule and they were medium of its current views. According to this fact we could emphasize one of the elements in the sphere of the official relations be­tween Poland and Czechoslovakia in relation in the year 1989. We could also reconstruct the Polish situational image which was presented to Czechoslovak citizens by the Czechoslovak authorities.
Rywalizacja polityczna w stanie bezpartyjnym
Authors: Wielgosz Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Political competition in a no-party modelThe purpose of the article is to show how political competition takes place in countries where there are no political parties. These countries can be divided into two groups. The first group includes countries in which this type of organization is prohibited. The second group consists of countries in which the law allows free association of people in various organizations, but nevertheless political parties do not exist. Can both these groups fall into the same category of the “no-party model”? Or perhaps these are completely different cases. To verify the hypothesis and solve this issue, a comparative analysis of the forms of political organization of society and power structures in countries where political parties do not exist will be conducted. As a result, it will be possible to present common features for all these countries and indicate the differences between them. Perhaps, by comparing different cases, it will be possible to group the cases into similar models.
Współczesne problemy krajów Europy Zachodniej z perspektywy teorii Mancura Olsona
Authors: Browarny Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Current problems in West European countries from the perspective of Mancur Olson’s theoryThis paper employs the theory of collective action created by the American economist Mancur Olson, to examine the current problems of Western European countries and their causes. The article focuses on economic and political issues, such as economic stagnation, the inability to introduce reforms and the failure of ambitious European integration projects. The study contains an analysis of economic performances of West European countries in the post-war period and attempts to assess the influence of lobby groups on decision making in the European institutions. It is argued that the growing influence of powerful lobby groups and vested interests can account for the declining economic efficiency and inability of political institutions to solve this problem.
Uczestnictwo mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w polskim życiu politycznym po 1989 roku
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Marek
Published: March 2020

Participation of national and ethnic minorities in Polish political life after 1989The participation of national and ethnic minorities in Polish political life after 1989 is one of the achievements of democratic Poland. Tracing the history of minority participation in local and parliamentary elections after 1990 makes it clear that this history is dominated by the German minority. However, this does not mean that other minorities did not participate in political competition at the local, regional or national level, but rather that their participation was clearly more modest compared to the German minority. Participation in the political life of other minorities has mainly a local dimension, although these communities do not choose to participate in their own ethnic election committees. Perhaps their identity does not require confirmation in their political activities and preferences.
Możliwościowe ujęcie logiki praktycznej. Logika bez kantów Andrzeja Kisielewicza
Authors: Skowron Bartłomiej
Published: March 2020

A possibilities-based account of practical logic.Andrzej Kisielewicz’s logic without edgesIn this paper I comment on the theses presented in Andrzej Kisielewicz’s book entitled Logic and Argumentation. A Practical Course in Critical Thinking. The author argues that the current way of teaching practical logic is not good, because it is too much based on formal logic. It should be replaced by a comprehensive analysis of reasonable possibilities. I demonstrate that Kisielewicz’s vision of changing the way in which practical logic is taught is a good one. I claim that Kisielewicz proposed a kind of ontologization of logic. I argue that teaching logic and critical thinking need to be complemented by creative thinking techniques. I do not agree with the criticism of traditional logic and formal logic made by Kisielewicz and point out that common sense — so highly valued by Kisielewicz — is deceptive and does not encourage critical thinking.