bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Scientific Issues-Based Learning: The Effect on High School Students’ Metacognitive Skills
Authors: IRWANTO Irwanto , DIANHAR Hanhan , ARIYADIH Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Metacognitive skills are fundamental skills that students need to face challenges in the 21st century. However, previous research reported that students’ metacognitive abilities tend to be low. This study seeks to explore how socio-scientific issues-based learning (SSIBL) impacts the metacognitive abilities of 11th-grade students. Quantitative data was gathered from a sample of 72 students (28 male, 44 female) studying chemistry at a public school in Jakarta, Indonesia. Employing a quasi-experimental design, two classes were randomly assigned as experimental and control groups using a coin flip method. The students’ metacognitive skills were evaluated using the Metacognitive Activities Inventory (MCA-I), and the data was analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests. The findings indicate that SSIBL positively affects students’ metacognitive skills, suggesting its effectiveness in enhancing these skills. This research underscores the potential of SSIBL to be integrated into various subjects in Indonesian secondary education, including chemistry. It offers students hands-on learning experiences, fostering problem-solving, decision-making, and knowledge construction. Hence, educators are encouraged to adopt SSIBL to bolster students’ metacognitive skills across different chemistry topics.
Development of A Responsible Investment for Low Carbon Economy: Renewable Energy Responsible Investment Index and Conceptual Framework for MENA Region
Authors: AlSiyabi Maryam , Hassan Hasmaizan , Khudari Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Responding to climate change creates particular challenges for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in terms of oil output and water scarcity, but also gives potential for new paths to sustainability. The low-carbon energy transition poses critical concerns for MENA oil and gas producers, particularly about the impact on their reliance on hydrocarbon earnings. Without adjustment, this would exacerbate macroeconomic imbalances and possibly jeopardise pre-existing social contracts. Politicians are attempting to promote a variety of renewable energy sources and implementation tactics in order to mitigate the adverse consequences of climate change. As a result, the development of an index capable of effectively measuring and benchmarking the overall sustainability and economics of a country becomes necessary. In reality, the index should be capable of reflecting a near-complete assessment of renewable energy's current and future conditions. Simultaneously, it should be capable of revealing critical ESG and economic aspects of the renewable energy business. The proposal aims to create a composite index, dubbed the Renewable Energy Responsible Investment Index (RERII). It is comprised of 19 nations and 22 distinct metrics. From 2010 to 2019, a trend in RERII is computed. The RERII suggested in this work may be utilised as a screening tool, a decision-making tool, a benchmarking tool, and a tool for guiding sustainable development.
Enhancing Efficiency, Improving Care: Exploring Patient Opinions on Hospital Social Work
Authors: Nguyen Hai Trung , Nguyen Tuan Minh , Le Anh Thi
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study investigates patient perceptions of factors influencing the efficiency of hospital social work services. Specifically, it explores the perceived role of social workers in addressing patients' psychosocial needs and identifies potential strategies for enhancing service efficiency. By understanding the patient perspective, this research aims to illuminate the impact of various factors on social work effectiveness and ultimately contribute to improved patient care delivery. Methods: A convenience sampling technique was employed to recruit 130 patients from Trung Vuong Hospital who participated in a self-administered survey assessing their perspectives on hospital social work services. The survey comprised two scales: one evaluating factors affecting social work efficiency and another proposing measures for improvement. Descriptive statistics were utilized for data analysis. Results: Patient perceptions identified "patient needs" and "knowledge and skills of medical staff, doctors, and social workers" as the most critical factors impacting hospital social work efficiency. This underscores the importance of ongoing professional development for social workers and ensuring adequate staffing levels. Proposed strategies for improvement included: enhanced professional training for social workers, fostering effective communication regarding social work services available to patients, and the expansion of external resource networks to provide comprehensive support for patients facing complex challenges. Conclusion: This study sheds light on critical areas for optimizing hospital social work efficiency, highlighting the importance of strategic staffing decisions, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and prioritizing continuous professional development for social workers. By integrating patient feedback into service delivery models, social work departments can enhance patient support and contribute to improved healthcare outcomes. Future research efforts should strive for broader generalizability by incorporating diverse healthcare settings and soliciting the perspectives of a wider range of stakeholders. This will provide a more comprehensive understanding of social work effectiveness in the evolving landscape of healthcare delivery.
Attitudes Toward Chemistry Laboratory: A Survey of Indonesian Undergraduate Students
Authors: IRWANTO Irwanto , CAHYANA Ucu , REDHANA I Wayan , CHA Jeongho , WIJAYAKO Rudi Suhartono , PRAHANI Binar Kurnia
Published: April 2024

This study seeks to examine and compare the attitudes of students towards chemistry laboratory activities, while also investigating the impact of both grade levels and gender on these attitudes. A total of 226 undergraduate chemistry students from a public university in Indonesia participated in the study, selected through convenience sampling. The researchers developed the Attitudes toward Chemistry Laboratory Scale (ACLS) to collect the necessary data. Statistical analyses including ANOVA, t-tests, and descriptive statistics were conducted. The results indicated that: (i) students have positive attitudes toward chemistry laboratory, (ii) significant gaps exist when students’ scores on attitudes are linked with gender in favor of male students, and grade levels in favor of students in the junior level, and (iii) no significant interaction effect between gender and grade levels was observed, even though separately, gender mainly effects on students’ attitudes. The results contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the chemistry learning process at the tertiary level. By knowing the students’ initial attitudes, lecturers are expected to apply various teaching methods that can develop students’ positive attitudes and performance to a satisfactory level.
Gambaran Angka Kepadatan Tikus Dan Indeks Pinjal Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya
Authors: Nur Fadillatur Ro’in
Published: April 2024

Tikus merupakan mamalia kecil berasal dari ordo Rodentia, dan familiar bagi kehidupan manusia. Tikus adalah binatang pengerat yang merugikan manusia karena dapat menghabiskan/merusak makanan, tanam-tanaman, barang-barang, harta benda, dan lain-lain (Kepmenkes 431 Tahun 2007). Pada bidang kesehatan tikus berperan sebagai reservoir beberapa patogen. Menutut Hastuti dan Sulasmi terdapat beberapa penyakit yang dibawa oleh tikus, yaitu Pes,Salmonellisis, Leptospirosis, Murine typhus, Rabies, Rat-Bit Fever (Hastuti & Sulasmi, 2017). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kegiatan pengendalian tikus, mengetahui jenis tikus dan indeks pinjal, serta angka kepadatan tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional deskripsi. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan selama 3 periode pengendalian tikus ditemukan ketidaksesuaian antara pelaksanaan kegiatan pengendalian selama 4 hari dengan Kepmenkes 431. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi seluruh tikus yang didapat merupakan spesies Rattus norvegicus dan spesies pinjal seluruhnya Xenopsylla cheopis. Hasil success trap bulan September 5%, Oktober 39%, dan Desember 14%, sehingga angka kepadatan tikus di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya dalam kategori tinggi. Diperlukan upaya peningkatan sanitasi lingkungan agar pelabuhan tidak menjadi tempat perindukan tikus.
EXPLORING THE INAR MODEL ON HEAVY TAILED TIME SERIES DATA WITH OUTLIERS
Authors: Saleh Ibrahim Musa , Akeyede I. , Abubakar A. M. , Sulaiman A. I.
Published: April 2024

Count data are intrinsically measures of event frequency; it is clear that there is an intrinsic relationship with recurring time to event. Events are typically tallied within time intervals for practical and convenient reasons. The existence of outliers is one issue that prevents count data from being stationary in time series analysis; this has an impact on the effectiveness of fitting several common stationary models to the count data collected over time. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how well the Integer Valued Autoregressive (INAR) model performed while modeling count data that included outliers. While this model has been studied for count time series data, it has not been studied for varying degrees of outliers. A monte-carlo simulation was carried out to select the best INAR(p), where p=1,2,3 and 4 on data with 10%, 20% and 30% outliers at different sample sizes. The INAR (4) has the best fit across the sample sizes at the larger percentages of outliers while INAR (3) at the lowest percentage with smallest information criteria of assessment and they are therefore recommended for such modeling.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS FROM SOIL SAMPLES OF FIVE SELECTED REFUSE DUMPSITES IN LAFIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Anzene Solomon Joseph , Akpomie Timothy Marhiere , Aremu Matthew Olaleke
Published: April 2024

Thousands of tons of solid wastes are generated and disposed daily in open dumps of most Nigerian cities due to rapid population explosion and commercial activities. In this study, concentrations of heavy metals and physicochemical parameters from 20 soil samples each from selected refuse dumpsites in wet and dry seasons were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) standard methods. The results showed that during the wet and dry seasons, the concentration of heavy metals, Hg, Cr, Mn were above that of World Health Organisation (WHO), and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), while that of Pb, As, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni were below the tolerable limits. The results for physicochemical parameters in wet and dry seasons for nitrates, phosphates and organic matter were above WHO standards. Statistical test at 0.05 probability level (p < 0.05) was used to determine the degree of association between pairs of the variables. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to measure the direct and inverse relationship between these parameters and heavy metal availability. Based on the different variables obtained at the study areas, a multiple linear regression analysis was determined from which a general linear model was formulated. The study recommends appropriate government agencies should as a matter urgency integrate the regular monitoring of waste disposal into the state developmental plan and framework in order to prevent excessive build-up of these metals in humans through the food chain.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN KEANA AND NASARAWA–EGGON LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Aremu Matthew Olaleke , Ishaleku Y. Y. , Zando C. , Babangida A. S. , Adeka M. U. , Mohammed M. A. , Ayakeme E. B. , Muhammad H. I.
Published: April 2024

This study conducted a thorough evaluation of the physicochemical parameters of various drinking water sources in Keana and Nasarawa Eggon, Nasarawa State. The assessment involved the use of standard methods to analyze the water samples. Additionally, the heavy metal contents were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The findings revealed that the pH levels ranged from 7.36 to 8.16 in Keana (KN) and 5.70 to 5.80 in Nasarawa Eggon (NE), with mean pH values of 7.74 and 5.74, respectively. The conductivity varied from 3.94 to 4.56 µS/cm in KN and 510 to 1760 µS/cm in NE. Alkalinity content ranged from 4.06 to 4.52 mgL-1 in KN and 45 to 50 mgL-1 in NE. Nitrate, acidity, chloride, phosphate, TDS, DO, and BOD levels were also assessed. The metal concentrations included Pb, Mn, Cr, Zn, Fe and Cu, and were within permissible limits, except for Pb and Ni, which exceeded WHO specifications. This study provides crucial insights into the water quality of these regions, essential for ensuring the safety of water for human consumption and other activities.
The review: Effects of acesulfame K on human health
Authors: Xu Xiaodi
Published: April 2024

Acesulfame K, a widely used low-calorie artificial sweetener in food and beverages, has raised concerns and sparked controversies regarding its impact on human health. Thus, the objective of this study is to comprehensively review the effects of Acesulfame on human health based on the literatures from the past few decades, providing a scientific basis and reference for promoting accurate understanding and rational utilization of this sweetener. Extensive research has been devoted to investigating the correlation between Acesulfame K and human health over the past few decades. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Acesulfame K can serve as a low-calorie alternative sweetener for weight management and disease prevention, such as diabetes. However, some findings suggest adverse effects of Acesulfame K on the health of cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, etc. In addition, Acesulfame K is related to some cancers.
The Impact of Green Financial Policies on Enterprises' Green Technological Innovation
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Chen Jin
Published: April 2024

In this paper, to investigate the impact of green financial policies on corporate green technology innovation, a double difference model is constructed using the data of A-share listed companies from 2017 to 2021. The research results show that the establishment of green financial reform pilot zones greatly promotes enterprise green technology innovation. Meanwhile, through the heterogeneity analysis, it is found that the above conclusion works more significantly on state-owned enterprises. The findings of this paper provide new evidence that green financial policies have a facilitating effect on corporate green technological innovation, and also provide empirical support for the further development of green financial pilot policies.
Study on the influence mechanism of low-carbon logistics on energy consumption structure in the Yangtze River Delta region
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Linshan
Published: April 2024

Low-carbon logistics refers to the use of low energy consumption, low pollution, low emission technology and methods in the logistics process, in order to reduce the environmental impact and improve the transportation efficiency. Under the background of the new period, the low-carbon strategy has become a hot topic in the modern logistics industry. This paper will discuss the factors and countermeasures affecting the development of low-carbon logistics, in order to provide some reference and inspiration for the realization of low-carbon logistics.
Engineering assessment of Lateritic soils of Obiaruku highway sections in South-southern, Nigeria
Authors: Akpoyibo Ogheneovo , Abriku Onoriode Ezekiel , Ugbe F. C. , Anomohanran Ochuko
Published: April 2024

In order to determine the suitability of lateritic soils for the paving structures of highways, an engineering examination of some numbers of unsuccessful routes and highways in Obiaruku, southern Nigeria, was conducted. Thirty-two (32) lateritic bulk soil samples were taken for road construction-related index and strength testing from three stable and five failing sections. Compared to soils from the failed parts of A-7-6, which indicate poor-quality sub-grade materials, the soils from the stable sections have a greater specific gravity (2.49–2.85) and a lower percentage of clay (23.90%), indicating A-2-6 on the AASHTO classification system. Pores water pressure developed as a result of the high water absorption capacity, high proportion of fine particles (> 40%), and high values of linear shrinkage (> 8%) of the majority of soils from failed sections, leading to a loss in soil index strength. The degree of instability observed is caused by the predominance of fines in lateritic soils, low California bearing ratio (16–39% un-soaked), intermediate and high OMC above recommendation for most soil samples (12.6–19.1), maximum dry density (MDD) (<2000 kg/m3), and liquid limit (35.1–53.0). The lateritic soils of failed sections have poor geotechnical qualities, which suggest that they are not appropriate for use as sub-grade materials in other engineering constructions or even in the construction of new roads. For an accurate assessment of the sub-grade soils for highways, the significance of lateritic soils in detail sampling is emphasized. The findings of this study will be helpful in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the road's failing parts, and it is advised that this investigation be well documented for future use.
বৌদ্ধ গানের ভাষা
Authors: Shahidullah Muhammad
Published: April 2024

আশ্চর্য চর্যাচয় বা চর্যাচর্যবিনিশ্চয়ে যে চর্যাপদগুলি (যাহাকে সাধারণতঃ বৌদ্ধগান বলা হয়) আছে, তাহার ভাষা সম্বন্ধে নিম্নলিখিত বিতর্কগুলি উপস্থিত হয়।-(১) ইহা কোনও ভাষা নয়; একটি কৃত্রিম খিচুড়ি ভাষা। (২) ইহা অপভ্রংশ। (৩) ইহা হিন্দী। (৪) ইহা মৈথিলী। (৫) ইহা ওড়িয়া। (৬) ইহা আসামী। (৭) ইহা বাঙ্গালা।
আমরা একে একে এই মতগুলির বিচার করিব। (১) “ইহা কোনও ভাষা নয়; একটি কৃত্রিম খিচুড়ি ভাষা।” প্রথমত আমাদের মনে রাখা প্রয়োজন যে, যে ৪৭টি বৌদ্ধগান আমরা পাইয়াছি, তাহা ২২জন কবির রচনা। তাঁহাদের মধ্যে কাহ্ণপাদের রচনা ১২টি; ভুসুকুর ৮টি; সরহের ৪টি লুয়ী, কুক্কুরী, শান্তি, ও শবর প্রত্যেকের ২টি; অবশিষ্টগুলির প্রত্যেকের এক একটি। ইহারা বিভিন্ন সময়ে বিভিন্ন স্থানে আবির্ভূত হন। সুতরাং সকলের ভাষা যে একরূপ হইতে পারে না, তাহা স্বতঃসিদ্ধ। তবে তাঁহারা যে প্রাচ্য ভারতে অপভ্রংশের পরবর্তী ভাষাস্তরের সময়ে গানগুলি রচনা করেন তাহা নিশ্চিত। সুতরাং সবলের ভাষা প্রাচ্য ভারতীয় আর্য ভাষা গোষ্ঠীর নব্য ভারতীয় আর্যভাষাভেদ। এই বিষয়ে ইহাদের ভাষার ঐক্য আছে।
Distance Protection Relay and effect MOV on zones of relay using MATLAB
Authors:   Civil Engineering, Department, Faculty of Engineering, Elmergib University, Libya, Esmaio Mustafa Ali , Eltaeb Mohamed Ali ,   Misurata University
Published: April 2024

Transmission lines are an important part of the power system. Transmission lines are used to transmit power and are prone to many breakdowns. Therefore, protection relays are used to protect transmission lines. The purpose of the protection system is to isolate the faulty part from the healthy part, because large currents generated by faults may cause damage to electrical equipment. One of the protection relays is the distance relay and is mainly used in the transmission line. Sometimes these relays are used for backup protection. Distance relays to determine impedance need voltage and current. Transmission lines are usually protected by a distance protection relay. Distance relays are of the high-speed class and can provide transmission lines. Protection distance relays that use impedance measurements to determine the presence and location of faults, are "fooled" by a series capacitor mounted on the line, when the presence or absence of a capacitor in the fault circuit is not known in advance. This is because the capacitor cancels or compensates for some of the line inductance, so the relay may sense a fault in its first region when the fault is actually in the second or third region of the protection. Similarly, Zone one fault can be considered reverse faults. In fact, this can cause some costly operating errors. Series compensated lines are protected from overvoltage by metal-oxide-varistors (MOVs) connected in parallel with the capacitor bank. The nonlinear characteristics of MOV devices add complexity to fault analysis and distance protection operation. During faults, the impedance of the line is modified by an equivalent impedance of the parallel MOV/capacitor circuit. Worth noting is a method that determines the L and C string values of the font and the MOV effect at the time of the error. This is done by analyzing the synchronous and sub-synchronous content of the voltage and current signals separately which provides enough information to calculate the L and C series of the line. In this paper, the transmission line impedance Z, Z(f) as a function of frequency has been calculated and plotted by the sequence characteristics and the studied MOV effect on line protection and fault location. Proper operation of the distance protection relay is also shown, and its effect on relay regions. Keywords: Distance protection relay, transmission line, zones of relay, MOV.
Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Pengelolaan Kelas
Authors: Prihanto Agus , Pheanto Yuli
Published: April 2024

The professionalism of Christian Religious Education teachers is an essential part of the educational process, especially in terms of managing the class. This study aims to determine whether the professionalism of Christian religious education teachers is significant in managing the class so that the professionalism of a teacher can play a role in managing class. In addition, this article aims to find out how a professional Christian Religious Education teacher can control the class properly. The research method used in this article is the descriptive qualitative method. The data source is obtained through secondary data sources and presented descriptively. The results of the analysis of this article are that the professionalism of Christian Religious Education teachers is indispensable in classroom management. Professional teachers can utilize every available resource to manage the class well. The resources used to manage the class include 1) Physical resources in the form of classroom furniture and students; 2) Personal resources including the character, intelligence, and spirituality of students; 3) Social environment resources, namely class rules/school rules, culture, and social environment.  AbstrakProfesionalisme guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen merupakan bagian yang penting dalam proses mendidik, khususnya dalam hal mengelolah kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah profesionalisme guru pendidikan agama kristen penting dalam mengelolah kelas, sehingga keprofesionalisme seorang guru tersebut dapat berperan dalam mengelolah kelas. Selain itu artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagai mana cara seorang guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen yang profesional dapat mengelolah kelas dengan benar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada artikel ini adalah metode kualitatif  deskriptif, sumber data diperoleh melalui sumber data skunder, dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis dari artikel ini adalah profesionalisme guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen sangat dibutuhkan dalam pengelolaan kelas. Guru yang profesional dapat memanfaatkan setiap sumber daya yang ada untuk mengelola kelas dengan baik. Sumber daya yang digunakan untuk mengelola kelas antara lain 1) Sumber daya fisik berupa perabot kelas dan juga peserta didik; 2) Sumber daya personal antara lain karakter, kecerdasan dan kerohanian dari peserta didik; 3) Sumber daya lingkungan sosial yaitu aturan-aturan kelas/ tata tertib sekolah, budaya dan lingkungan sosial.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Inkuiri dalam Proses Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen secara Daring
Authors: Satali Alpina , Febrianti Febrianti
Published: April 2024

The learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic was held online, and this is to government recommendations. However, this online learning system eventually raises problems about what learning models are effective in implementing the learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used in this paper is a qualitative research method written descriptively. With the aim of providing an overview of the effectiveness of the use of inquiry learning methods. From the result of this study, obtained that one of the suitable learning methods to be applied in this situation is the inquiry learning model. The inquiry learning model used in online learning of Christian Religious Education is very effective. This inquiry learning method can develop the independence and active learning of each student so that each student is involved in the learning process and can develop thinking skills and solve any problems related to learning materials. AbstrakProses pembelajaran pada masa pademi Covid-19 dilaksanakan secara daring, dan hal ini sesuai dengan anjuran pemerintah. Namun sistem pembelajaran daring ini akhirnya  menimbulkan permasalahan tentang model pembelajaran apa yang efektif dalam penerapan proses pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yang ditulis secara diskripif. Dengan tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran terhadap efektifitas penggunaan metode pembelajaran inkuiri. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa salah satu metode pembelajaran yang cocok diterapkan pada keadaan seperti ini adalah model pembelajaran inkuiri. Model pembelajaran inkuiri yang diterapkan dalam pembelajara Pendidikan Agama Kristen secara daring dianggap sangat efektif. Metode pembelajaran inkuiri ini  dapat mengembangkan kemandirian dan keaktifan belajar dari setiap peserta didik, sehingga setiap peseta didik terlibat dalam proses belajar dan mereka dapat mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir serta memecahkan setiap persoalan yang berhubungan dengan materi pembelajaran.
Kapabilitas Gembala Sidang terhadap Pertumbuhan Gereja pada Masa Kini
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

Leadership is an activity that really determines the progress and retreat of an organization or institution. Likewise, Christian leadership is an activity of Christian leaders to develop church organizations both in quantity and quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the capability of the pastor to the growth of the church today, as well as to clearly describe the facts found in the sphere of leadership and the growth of the church itself. The research methodology used in this study uses a descriptive qualitative method through a literature study approach. The results of the study indicate that a pastor is obliged to serve the congregation and is responsible to God for the life of the congregation he shepherds. A pastor is responsible for shepherding, nurturing, and keeping watch over the sheep entrusted to him, both in quality and quantity. Church growth is important and desired by many church leaders. In the hands of a leader depend on many decisions that will greatly determine the direction of the church, even the growth of the church and the maturity of the congregation. The capabilities of a congregation shepherd play an important role in the success of the shepherding ministry. AbstrakKepemimpinan adalah suatu kegiatan yang sangat menentukan maju dan mundurnya sebuah organisasi atau lembaga. Demikian juga halnya dengan kepemimpinan Kristen, yang merupakan se-buah kegiatan para pemimpin Kristen untuk mengembangkan organisasi gereja baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kapabilitas gembala sidang terhadap pertumbuhan gereja di masa kini, serta menjabarkan secara jelas fakta-fakta yang ditemui dalam lingkup kepemimpinan serta pertumbuhan gereja itu sendiri. Metodologi penelitian yang digu-nakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualiatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan studi pus-taka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seorang gembala berkewajiban untuk melayani jemaat dan bertanggung jawab terhadap Tuhan atas kehidupan jemaat yang digembalakannya. Seorang gembala sidang bertanggung jawab dalam hal menggembalakan, memelihara, menjaga mengawasi domba-domba yang dipercayakan kepadanya, baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. Pertumbuhan gereja adalah hal yang penting dan diinginkan oleh banyak pemimpin gereja. Di tangan seorang pemimpin tergantung banyak keputusan yang akan sangat menentukan arah dari gereja, bahkan pertumbuhan gereja dan kedewasaan jemaatnya. Kapabilitas seorang gembala sidang berperan penting dalam keberhasilan pelayanan penggembalaan.
Analisis Pemahaman Jemaat tentang Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Bagi Pertumbuhan Iman Orang Percaya
Authors: Angdri Teddy
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing and knowing the understanding of the congregation at the Indonesian Bethel Church Filadelfia Makassar about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the growth of the congregation’s faith, whether the Covid-19 pandemic has shaken the faith of the congregation or not. The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method, collecting research data by observing, documenting, and conducting interviews with 8 sources determined by the purposive sampling technique. research data processing with data reduction techniques, display data then discussed and made conclusions. The results of the research obtained are that due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the faith of the congregation has not been shaken or decreased, it is known from the answers of the informants that with the Covid-19 pandemic, faith has actually been strengthened more earnestly seeking God, actively building a family altar, truly worshiping even though it is only online from home, and still believing in God’s protection, everything that happens is already in God’s will. AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui pemahaman jemaat di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Filadelfia Makassar tentang dampak pandemi Covid-19 bagi pertumbuhan iman jemaat, apakah dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19 ini membuat iman jemaat menjadi terguncang atau tidak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, pengumpulan data penelitian dengan melakukan observasi, dokumentasi dan melakukan wawancara kepada 8 narasumber yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengolahan data penelitian dengan teknik reduksi data, display data kemudian dibahas dan dibuat kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah akibat pandemi Covid-19 ini tidak membuat iman jemaat menjadi terguncang atau menurun, hal itu diketahui dari jawaban para narasumber bahwa dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19 ini justru membuat iman percaya makin dikuatkan dengan makin sungguh-sungguh mencari Tuhan, makin giat membangun mezbah keluarga, sungguh-sungguh beribadah meskipun hanya secara online dari rumah saja, dan tetap percaya akan perlindungan Tuhan, segala sesuatu yang terjadi sudah ada dalam kehendak Tuhan.
Kajian Teoretik Penelitian Khotbah
Authors: Hartono Andreas Rudy
Published: April 2024

The essence of the sermon must be interpreted in terms of the true meaning and understanding of the sermon itself. The contents of the sermon may go hand in hand with the discrepancy with the true meaning of the sermon. This needs to be criticized theologically and practically so that anyone who delivers a sermon cannot be separated from the truth that has been standardized in God's Word. In the development of science and technology, the "spewing" of the science of preaching focuses more on the results of sermons that are considered good according to the "listener" than their preparation. While the listener's understanding and understanding of the preparation of a good and right sermon is not the main consideration. Sermon listeners only judge the results and not the process of the sermon delivered. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach (library research). Thus, the author wants to contribute in the form of this research so that it can provide input for preachers to be more accountable in preparing their sermons. AbstrakEsensi khotbah harus diinterpretasikan dalam pengertian serta pemahaman yang benar dari khotbah itu sendiri. Muatan-muatan khotbah bisa saja berjalan seiring dengan ketidak sesuaian dengan makna khotbah yang benar. Hal ini perlu dikritisi secara teologis praktis, sehingga siapapun yang menyampaikan khotbah, tidak terlepas dari kebenaran yang sudah dibakukan dalam Firman Tuhan. Dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, “pengkarbitan” ilmu berkhotbah itu lebih menfokuskan hasil khotbah yang dianggap bagus menurut “pendengar” dari pada persiapaannya. Sementara pemahaman dan pengertian pendengar mengenai persiapan khotbah yang baik dan benar itu bukan menjadi pertimbangan yang utama. Pendengar khotbah hanya menilai hasil dan bukan proses dari khotbah yang disampaikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi literatur (library research). Dengan demikian, penulis ingin memberikan sumbangsih dalam bentuk penelitian ini agar bisa memberi masukkan bagi pengkhotbah untuk lebih dipertanggungjawabkan dalam mempersiapkan khotbah-khotbahnya.
UNVEILING ZARA'S LUXURY PERSONA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGIES AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
Authors:   Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Singh Purnima
Published: April 2024

This research paper delves into the evolution of luxury in the retail landscape and how Zara, a prominent player in the fashion industry, has strategically positioned itself within this paradigm shift. It examines Zara's social media strategies and their impact on consumer behaviour, elucidating how the brand has effectively cultivated a luxury persona through its digital endeavours. The paper begins by exploring the historical context of luxury in retail, tracing its evolution from exclusivity and heritage to accessibility and innovation. It highlights how globalization and digitalization have reshaped consumer perceptions of luxury, setting the stage for brands like Zara to redefine the concept. Zara's social media strategies emerge as a focal point of analysis, emphasizing the brand's adept use of platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter to engage with consumers in real-time. The paper discusses Zara's emphasis on user-generated content (UGC) and content curation, showcasing how these strategies contribute to the brand's luxury image by fostering authenticity and community. Furthermore, the paper delves into the intricate relationship between Zara's social media endeavours and consumer behaviour. It elucidates how Zara's aspirational content and seamless shopping experiences influence consumer decisions, driving brand loyalty and attracting new customers. The discussion also encompasses the role of social proof, scarcity tactics, and case studies to exemplify Zara's impact on consumer behaviour. In addition to analysing Zara's current social media strategies, the paper provides insights into future outlooks and recommendations for the brand. It suggests embracing emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and prioritizing data analytics to deepen consumer insights and personalize marketing efforts. The research paper concludes by underscoring Zara's journey towards cultivating a luxury persona through social media as a testament to its adaptability and innovation. It highlights the brand's continued relevance and prominence in the retail industry, solidifying its position as a trailblazer in the realm of luxury fashion. By providing an in-depth analysis of Zara's social media strategies and their impact on consumer behaviour, this paper offers valuable insights for marketers, researchers, and industry professionals seeking to understand the dynamics of luxury branding in the digital age.
Contemporary Medicalization and the Ethics of Death and Dying
Authors: Islam Asmat Ara
Published: April 2024

This paper argues that contemporary medicalization is one of the reasons why death and dying should be considered as ethical issues. First, two distinct features regarding death and dying can be analysed by comparing ‘tamed death’ and ‘death untamed’. The distinction between death in Ars Moriendi and death as deprivationism has been compared before deducing a conclusion that biomedical ethics is an indispensable tool today to deal with the morality of death and dying. This issue is significant to articulate the relationship between the ethics of death and dying and the historical and cultural understanding of death and dying.
Editorial
Authors: Ahmed Tahera
Published: April 2024

Dear Members of Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics, Greetings!
Hope you are going forward and still hoping to defeat successfully the corona pandemic.
This issue of BJB looks up the bioethics issues on the beginning of life. Hope you enjoy reading.
Ecological Solidarity: A Philosophical Analysis through Societal-Environmental Dialectic
Authors: Kapoor Megha
Published: April 2024

This research paper attempts to explicate the potential and significance of ecological solidarity in the contemporary world. Through the works of Allan Schnaiberg, an American sociologist, the paper aims to analyze the interfering factors such as power structures, role of individuals, role of state in environmental awareness and preservation. As the works on ecological solidarity are minimal or are available only through a few state policies, the paper experiences limitations of resources. Despite limitation, the study constructs arguments derived from the data and information provided by sources that focus on solidarity, awareness, and compassion towards environment.
Oruka’s Punishment Abolition as a Challenge to Environmental Ethics
Authors: Besong Eric Ndoma , Egbonu John Okwuchukwu
Published: April 2024

The gross violation of environmental ethics implies the outright destruction of the environment, which in turn poses severe threat to humanity. This study aims at highlighting the effects of Oruka’s punishment abolition on environmental ethics. It argues that Oruka’s punishment abolition, if practiced, is a challenge to environmental ethics, since breaching environmental laws would become the order of the day. It will be so because it is to avert the wrath of the law (i.e. punishment) that environmental laws, which constitute environmental ethics, are kept. In view of the pitfalls of Oruka’s theory of punishment, this study faults Oruka for demanding the abolition of punishment. Contrarily, it insists that punishment should never be abolished in any human society to avoid anarchy, crime prevalence and recurrence, and the destruction of human environment.
What ought we do to bring back environmental integrity
Authors: Kyejo Samson   Eliudi , Lasker Shamima
Published: April 2024

The civilization of the world has become a threat and distorted environmental integrity in the 20th century. Therefore, environmental ethics is currently getting important in academic considerations. Various public and private institutions such as universities and research centers output throughout the world are now paying attention and seriousness to the environment. This paper focuses on what mankind ought to do regarding the cross-cuttingness of environmental problems.
Theocentrism is not Anthropocentric: An Enlightened Environmentalist Reading of the Holy Qur'an
Authors: Seleem Olaniyan Adeola , Lasker Shamima
Published: April 2024

Humans should come down from their destructive arrogance stool to take the best cognizance of the fact that nature is a sculptural work of God. Their failure to realise this fact has been responsible for their formulation of the secular environmental theories which include; anthropocentrism, zoocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, and the hybrid eco-feminism. Romanced with these theories the Holy Scriptures are also implicated by reading them in the light of one of these theories and considered anthropocentric. As a matter of fact, the best of these secular theories should never be taken to be representing theocentric view of the environment.
Ethical Issues Around Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccine Certificates
Authors: Singh Shristi
Published: April 2024

The use of vaccines and vaccination programs for Covid-19 became a widely prevalent practice all over the globe to curb the spread of the virus and put a check on the ongoing pandemic. Implementation of Covid-19 certificates or ‘vaccine passports’ (also known as ‘immunization passports’ or ‘digital health passes') is another step in the same direction to control the spread of the virus by ensuring a method to slowly ease back into the regular ways of living and traveling. These certificates are also believed to promote vaccination amongst the public and ensure a higher vaccination rate and achievement of herd immunity. While it may seem like an excellent initiative to control the virus, various legal and ethical issues arise. We are familiar with the direct conflict and controversy around anti-vaxxers (people who refuse to get vaccinated), and the agenda furthered by the government to achieve public health and contain the spread of the virus. In addition, the usage of vaccine certificates is also an attention-worthy area that gives rise to several ethical concerns that might be overlooked as a second-order consequence of vaccination programs. This paper aims to expose ethical issues arising from using vaccine certificates and suggestions to deal with such issues mindfully and responsibly.
Ethical consideration for neurodevelopmental disorder pathway service evaluation and research
Authors: Turna Tribenee Mithila , Tolchard Barry , Lasker Shamima Parvin
Published: April 2024

The Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 of United States in act to prevent social exclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) and to cut back on unneeded expenditures to society.  However, despite the protective legislation, the rights of adults with neurodevelopmental disorders have not yet been fully realised. There are several obstacles to overcome the neurological development related health care services, including health care usage, educational and career pathways, family and social lives, self-fulfilment, and quality of life. There are significant gaps in the transition process that affect the health care systems. Lack of transition and transfer planning, neurodevelopmental disorder health care pathway services have lack of experience, education, and expertise which result the inadequate growth of the health care quality and create communication gap in between service providers and service users.  The aim of this short communication is to mention and clarify the ethical concerns of neurodevelopmental service evaluation.
Patient-Physician Relationship: In Defence of W. D. Ross’s Prima Facie Duties
Authors: Solomon Kolawole Awe , Oluwatobi David Esan
Published: April 2024

The patient-physician relationship is one of the most prevalent and topical issues in bioethics. Using various ethical theories and concepts, bioethicists and philosophers in general have offered similar and contrasting arguments on how a physician ought to treat and relate with his patient. The aim of this paper is to centre on William David Ross’s notion of “Prima Facie Duties” and its implications for human actions, especially, in the discourse on patient-physician relationship. This paper attempts to resolve the problem of the patient-physician relationship in relation to truth-telling in medical professions using Ross’s prima facie duties. Hence, this paper looks beyond the deficiencies of ideal utilitarianism and the stringency of Kant absolutism.
Selling, Buying and Trafficking of Human Organs in Third-World Countries:
Ethico-Religious Appraisal
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department?
            Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Ottuh Peter O. O. , Idjakpo Onos G. ,   Associate Professor,
            Department? Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Uviekovo Anthony A.
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to appraise the implications of human organ commercialization and
trafficking for third-world countries with special reference to Nigeria from the ethical
and religious perspectives of utilitarianism, Kantianism, virtue ethics, moral
necessity, imago dei (image of God), Karuna (self-compassion), Dharma (moral and
religious obligations), sadaqatul jariyah (continuous charity), and eethaar (giving
preference to others). The research utilizes both primary and secondary sources to
derive its data. The findings show that selling, buying, and trafficking human organs
invariably leads to unethical behaviour and has serious negative health, ethical, and
religious implications for human society in general and Nigerian society in particular.
It posits that underdeveloped nations should intensify efforts on educational campaigns
to raise awareness of the medical, ethical, and religious implications of human organ
commercialization and trafficking.
Theocentrism Is Not Anthropocentric: An Enlightened Environmentalist Reading of The Bible
Authors: Olaniyan Adeola Seleem
Published: April 2024

Theocentrism is the position that places God at the centre of discourse; God is the Landlord and Manager of everything that exists. Analogous to other environmental theories such as anthropocentrism, zoocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism and eco-feminism, theocentrism posits that God owns the universe and so the best manual on how to come to term with the universe emanates from Him. God's commands are contained both in written scriptures and in oral traditions. While the former includes the Bible, Qur’an, Bhagavad Gita, amongst others, the latter includes proverbs, myths, taboos, totems and rituals observed by different cultures across the globe. Unfortunately, a prevailing misinterpretation of scriptures considers theocentrism as nothing but ontological anthropocentrism, of which anthropocentric position in all its strands is the egoistic. It is the moribund environmentalist position humanity has ever devised. The argument of this paper is that the authentic theocentric position is anti-anthropocentric. This position is embedded implicitly or explicitly in the Scriptures if it can be carefully unraveled. Actually It continues thenceforth to establish that theocentric position is distinctly different from every other position. It is yet the most environmentally friendly position, without necessarily being at the expense of humans.