bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model for Ray-Based UTD Simulations of the Human Body Shadowing Effect in 5G Wireless Systems
Authors: Januszkiewicz Łukasz
Published: July 2018

Shadowing effects caused by the obstructing presence of a human body can result in increased path loss in indoor wireless systems. This paper proposes a simplified model of a human body for use in ray-tracing simulations of indoor wireless communication systems based on the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). The human body shadowing effect was first investigated using measurements and computer simulations employing the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). Based on the results, a human body model was elaborated for use in ray-based Remcom XGtd software. The model was developed for the 3.6 GHz band, which has been allocated for 5G wireless systems in many countries.
Mouse Homolog of the Human TP53 R337H Mutation Reveals Its Role in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Park Ji-Hoon , Li Jie , Starost Matthew F. , Liu Chengyu , Zhuang Jie , Chen Jichun , Achatz Maria I. , Kang Ju-Gyeong , Wang Ping-yuan , Savage Sharon A. , Hwang Paul M.
Published: July 2018

Inheritance of germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a cancer predisposition disorder. The arginine to histidine substitution at amino acid position 337 of p53 (R337H) is a founder mutation highly prevalent in southern and southeastern Brazil and is considered an LFS mutation. Although this mutation is of significant clinical interest, its role in tumorigenesis using animal models has not been described. Here, we generate a knockin mouse model containing the homologous R337H mutation (mouse R334H). De novo tumorigenesis was not significantly increased in either heterozygous (p53334R/H) or homozygous (p53334H/H) p53 R334H knockin mice compared with wild-type mice. However, susceptibility to diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver carcinogenesis was increased in a mutant allele dose-dependent manner. In parallel, p53334H/H mice exposed to DEN exhibited increased DNA damage but decreased cell-cycle regulation in the liver. Oligomerization of p53, which is required for transactivation of target genes, was reduced in R334H liver, consistent with its decreased nuclear activity compared with wild-type. By modeling a TP53 mutation in mice that has relatively weak cancer penetrance, this study provides in vivo evidence that the human R337H mutation can compromise p53 activity and promote tumorigenesis.

Significance: A germline mutation in the oligomerization domain of p53 decreases its transactivation potential and renders mice susceptible to carcinogen-induced liver tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5375–83. ©2018 AACR.
Single-Molecule Sequencing Reveals Patterns of Preexisting Drug Resistance That Suggest Treatment Strategies in Philadelphia-Positive Leukemias
Authors: Schmitt Michael W. , Pritchard Justin R. , Leighow Scott M. , Aminov Bella I. , Beppu Lan , Kim Daniel S. , Hodgson J. Graeme , Rivera Victor M. , Loeb Lawrence A. , Radich Jerald P.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Sequential treatment with targeted therapies can result in complex combinations of resistance mutations in drug targets. This mutational complexity has spurred the development of pan-target inhibitors, i.e., therapies for which no single target mutation can cause resistance. Because the propensity for on- versus off-target resistance varies across cancer types, a deeper understanding of the mutational burden in drug targets could rationalize treatment outcomes and prioritize pan-target inhibitors for indications where on-target mutations are most likely.

Experimental Design: To measure and model the mutational landscape of a drug target at high resolution, we integrated single-molecule Duplex Sequencing of the ABL1 gene in Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) leukemias with computational simulations.

Results: A combination of drug target mutational burden and tumor-initiating cell fraction is sufficient to predict that most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are unlikely to harbor ABL1 resistance mutations at the time of diagnosis, rationalizing the exceptional success of targeted therapy in this setting. In contrast, our analysis predicts that many patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) harbor multiple preexisting resistant cells with single mutants. The emergence of compound mutations can be traced to initial use of an ABL1 inhibitor that is susceptible to resistance from single point mutations.

Conclusions: These results argue that early use of therapies that achieve pan-inhibition of ABL1 resistance mutants might improve outcomes in Ph+ ALL. Our findings show how a deep understanding of the mutational burden in drug targets can be quantitatively coupled to phenotypic heterogeneity to rationalize clinical phenomena. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5321–34. ©2018 AACR.
Immunomarker Support Vector Machine Classifier for Prediction of Gastric Cancer Survival and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Benefit
Authors: Jiang Yuming , Xie Jingjing , Han Zhen , Liu Wei , Xi Sujuan , Huang Lei , Huang Weicai , Lin Tian , Zhao Liying , Hu Yanfeng , Yu Jiang , Zhang Qi , Li Tuanjie , Cai Shirong , Li Guoxin
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Current tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system cannot provide adequate information for prediction of prognosis and chemotherapeutic benefits. We constructed a classifier to predict prognosis and identify a subset of patients who can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Experimental Design: We detected expression of 15 immunohistochemistry (IHC) features in tumors from 251 gastric cancer (GC) patients and evaluated the association of their expression level with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Then, integrating multiple clinicopathologic features and IHC features, we used support vector machine (SVM)–based methods to develop a prognostic classifier (GC-SVM classifier) with features. Further validation of the GC-SVM classifier was performed in two validation cohorts of 535 patients.

Results: The GC-SVM classifier integrated patient sex, carcinoembryonic antigen, lymph node metastasis, and the protein expression level of eight features, including CD3invasive margin (IM), CD3center of tumor (CT), CD8IM, CD45ROCT, CD57IM, CD66bIM, CD68CT, and CD34. Significant differences were found between the high- and low-GC-SVM patients in 5-year OS and DFS in training and validation cohorts. Multivariate analysis revealed that the GC-SVM classifier was an independent prognostic factor. The classifier had higher predictive accuracy for OS and DFS than TNM stage and can complement the prognostic value of the TNM staging system. Further analysis revealed that stage II and III GC patients with high-GC-SVM were likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions: The newly developed GC-SVM classifier was a powerful predictor of OS and DFS. Moreover, the GC-SVM classifier could predict which patients with stage II and III GC benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5574–84. ©2018 AACR.
Radiation-Induced Myofibroblasts Promote Tumor Growth via Mitochondrial ROS–Activated TGFβ Signaling
Authors: Shimura Tsutomu , Sasatani Megumi , Kawai Hidehiko , Kamiya Kenji , Kobayashi Junya , Komatsu Kenshi , Kunugita Naoki
Published: July 2018

Fibroblasts are a key stromal cell in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote tumor growth via release of various growth factors. Stromal fibroblasts in cancer, called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), are related to myofibroblasts, an activated form of fibroblast. While investigating the role of stroma fibroblasts on radiation-related carcinogenesis, it was observed following long-term fractionated radiation (FR) that the morphology of human diploid fibroblasts changed from smaller spindle shapes to larger flat shapes. These cells expressed smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, markers of myofibroblasts and CAFs, respectively. Long-term FR induces progressive damage to the fibroblast nucleus and mitochondria via increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Here, it is demonstrated that long-term FR-induced α-SMA–positive cells have decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and activated oxidative stress responses. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine suppressed radiation-induced mitochondrial damage and generation of myofibroblasts. These results indicate that mitochondrial ROS are associated with the acquisition of myofibroblasts after long-term FR. Mechanistically, mitochondrial ROS activated TGFβ signaling which in turn mediated the expression of α-SMA in radiation-induced myofibroblasts. Finally, in vivo tumor growth analysis in a human tumor xenograft model system revealed that long-term FR-induced myofibroblasts promote tumor growth by enhancing angiogenesis.

Implications: Radiation affects malignant cancer cells directly and indirectly via molecular alterations in stromal fibroblasts such as activation of TGFβ and angiogenic signaling pathways. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1676–86. ©2018 AACR.
Normative Nasalance Scores for Middle-Aged and Elderly Speakers of Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Marino Viviane Cristina de Castro , Cardoso Vanessa Moraes , de Boer Gillian , Dutka Jeniffer de Cássia Rillo , Fabbron Eliana Maria Gradim , Bressmann Tim
Published: July 2018

Objectives: This study establishes normative nasalance values for middle-aged and elderly Brazilian Portuguese-speakers and investigates age and gender effects across the life span. Methods: Nasalance scores were obtained from 62 middle-aged (45–59 years) and 60 elderly (60–79 years) participants with normal speech for 3 nonnasal, 1 phonetically balanced, and 2 nasal-loaded test sentences using the Nasometer II 6400. The data were combined with a published data set of 237 speakers in 4 groups: children (5–9 years), adolescents (10–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and mature adults (25–35 years). A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to investigate differences between the stimuli by gender and age groups. Results: There were statistically significant effects of stimulus, gender, and age group, as well as a stimulus-age group interaction effect and a gender-age group interaction effect. The females’ mean nasalance scores were higher than those of the males. The mean nasalance scores for the child, adolescent, and young and mature adult speakers were significantly lower than those for the elderly speakers, and the children’s scores were significantly lower than those of the middle-aged speakers. Conclusion: Higher nasalance scores among middle-aged and elderly speakers may indicate physiological changes affecting oral-nasal balance in speech across the life span.
Comparative Assessment of Cutoffs for the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in a Nationwide Registry: A Cardiovascular Prognostic Coupling Study
Authors: Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Kario Kazuomi
Published: July 2018

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) are measurements of arterial stiffness and are widely used as indices of arteriosclerosis. In Japan, brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) is generally used to measure PWV, and while the reference value for this parameter is specified in Japanese guidelines for the noninvasive vascular function test, the CAVI reference value has not been standardized. We measured CAVI in 4,545 patients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, and baPWV in 1,737 of these 4,545 patients on the same day as a part of an ongoing nationwide registry. The association between CAVI and baPWV was positive and significant (r = 0.50, p < 0.001). The CAVI corresponding to baPWV 14 m/s derived from the regression line was 8.303 and the CAVI corresponding to baPWV 18 m/s was 9.059. The percentages of patients with low risk (CAVI < 8.303), medium risk (CAVI 8.303–9.058) and high risk (CAVI ≥9.059) were 35.0, 23.0, and 42.0% in 4,545 patients who underwent CAVI, respectively. The percentages of patients with baPWV < 14 m/s, baPWV 14–18 m/s and baPWV ≥18 m/s were 22.9, 47.3, and 29.8% in 1,737 patients who underwent both baPWV and CAVI, respectively. The average baPWV in low-risk patients (CAVI < 8.303, n = 642) was 14.97 ± 2.91 m/s, that in medium-risk patients (CAVI 8.303–9.058, n = 408) was 16.12 ± 2.80 m/s, and that in high-risk patients (CAVI ≥9.059, n = 687) was 18.40 ± 3.51 m/s. CAVI < 8.303 corresponded to a baPWV cutoff of 14 m/s, and CAVI ≥9.059 corresponded to a baPWV cutoff of 18 m/s. The results of this ongoing prospective study are expected to confirm the association between the CAVI reference value and cardiovascular events.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome Updated
Authors: Hasserjian Robert P.
Published: July 2018

This review highlights the main changes in the revised 2016 WHO Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms (published in 2017) that impact the diagnosis and management of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The revision was based on data accumulated since the 2008 WHO classification of MDS, much of which relates to new molecular genetic information about these neoplasms. The new information has led to some reorganization of the MDS disease categories, including a broadening of the subset of cases classified as MDS with ring sideroblasts, many of which have mutations in the spliceosome gene SF3B1. Other revisions have refined the definitions of some disease categories to improve disease risk stratification. The revised categories in the new classification ensure that MDS patients receive risk-adapted therapies based on the most recently available data.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Sub-Tenon versus Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection during Cataract Surgery for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Tatsumi Tomoaki , Oshitari Toshiyuki , Ando Takaaki , Takatsuna Yoko , Arai Miyuki , Baba Takayuki , Sato Eiju , Yamamoto Shuichi
Published: July 2018

Purpose: We compared the efficacy of sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) to intravitreal triamcinolone aceto­nide (IVTA) injections during cataract surgery (CS) for patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: The medical records of 33 eyes (26 patients) with DME which had undergone CS with STTA were compared to those of 34 eyes (27 patients) with DME which had undergone CS with IVTA. Central foveal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at the baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery. Results: The BCVAs after STTA and IVTA were significantly improved at 3 and 6 months. Thirteen eyes in the IVTA group and 21 eyes in the STTA group required other therapies (p < 0.05). One case developed intraocular pressure elevation after IVTA and underwent selective la ser trabeculoplasty. Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should consider the merits and demerits of IVTA and STTA for DME treatment after CS.
LiCoS: A New Linguistically Controlled Sentences Test to Assess Functional Hearing Performance
Authors: Coene Martine , Krijger Stefanie , van Knijff Eline , Meeuws Matthias , De Ceulaer Geert , Govaerts Paul J.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: To overcome the potential tension between clinical and ecological validity in speech audiometric assessment by creating a new set of sentence materials with high linguistic validity for the Dutch-speaking area. Methods: A linguistic “fingerprint” of modern spoken Dutch and Flemish served to generate a set of sentences recorded from 1 male and 1 female talker. The sentences were presented to 30 normal-hearing listeners in stationary speech noise at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of –5 dB sound pressure level (SPL). A list design criterion was used to achieve perceptive homogeneity across the test lists, by scrambling lists of sentences of different syntactic types while controlling for linguistic complexity. The original set of test materials was narrowed down to 360 sentences, and list equivalency was evaluated at the audiological and linguistic levels. A psychometric curve was generated with a resolution of 2 dB based on a second group of 60 young normal-hearing native speakers of Dutch and Flemish. Results: Sentence understanding showed an average repetition accuracy of 63.40% (SD 1.01) across the lists at an SNR of –5 dB SPL. No significant differences were found between the lists at the level of the individual listener. At the linguistic level, the sentence lists showed an equal distribution of phonological, morphological, and syntactic features. Conclusion: LiCoS combines the clinical benefit of acoustic control at the list level with the high ecological validity of linguistically representative test items. The new speech audiometric test is particularly appropriate to assess sentence understanding in individuals who would otherwise exhibit near-ceiling performance when tested with linguistically more simplified test stimuli. In combination with pure tone audiometric assessment, LiCoS provides valuable complementary information with respect to the functional hearing of patients.
The Impact of Using Genotyped Reagent Red Blood Cells in Antibody Identification
Authors: Scharberg Erwin , Rink Gabi , Portegys Jan , Rothenberger Sina , Gillhuber Nicole , Richter Ekkehard , Bugert Peter
Published: July 2018

Background: The detection and identification of antibodies to red blood cell (RBC) antigens is one of the most important and challenging issues in transfusion medicine. Up to date there are 354 RBC antigens recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). The reagent RBCs used in commercial antibody screening and identification panels however are usually serologically typed for up to 40 clinically important antigens. Thus the identification of many antibody specificities remains impossible when using reagent RBCs with only limited information about their antigens. To improve the pre-transfusion diagnostics, we developed antibody identification panels with reagent RBCs serologically typed for 26 antigens and additionally genotyped for 30 blood group alleles. Methods: The reagent RBCs in the panels were characterized serologically for the clinically most significant ‘standard' antigens. The reagent RBC donors were additionally genotyped by using in-house PCR-SSP methods. The antibody identification was performed in the indirect antiglobulin test using untreated and papain-treated RBCs in the gel technique. Antibodies identified due to the genotype information were confirmed by serology using appropriate reference RBCs. Results: Within a time period of 3 years and 8 months, 16,878 blood samples from 8,467 patients were tested in our reference laboratory. In total, 21 different antibodies from 10 different blood group systems could be identified in 126 patients (1.5%) due to the genotype information obtained for the reagent RBCs. Antibodies to antigens from the Knops system (53 patients; 42%, 8 patients with anti-Knb) and to Cartwright antigens (31 patients; 25%) were the most frequent. Conclusion: The use of genotyped reagent RBCs in antibody identification panels extends the range of detectable antibody specificities, accelerates the antibody identification, and improves the pre-transfusion diagnostics.
Reflexos da cultura local nos sistemas de controle de incubadoras de empresas
Authors: Lopes Iago Franca , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: July 2018

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o reflexo das condições culturais locais no uso das ‘alavancas de controle’ no ambiente de inovação tecnológica das incubadoras de empresas. A amostra da survey compõe-se de 75 gestores de incubadoras de empresas.Os resultados da modelagem de equações estruturais mostram que uma maior incorporação das condições culturais locais nas incubadoras se reflete no uso das alavancas de controle presentes. Especificamente, observou-se que a permeabilidade a estas condições culturais presentes no ambiente externo favorecem a adequação das alavancas ao contexto. O estudo fornece implicações práticas para o campo das incubadoras de empresas, e alerta os gestores sobre a relevância em considerar as condições culturais locais na adaptação e no uso das alavancas de controle.
A representação da tragédia de Mariana - Fotografias enterradas e imagens sobreviventes
Authors: Vasco Marcela
Published: July 2018

Este texto ensaístico apresenta um processo de investigação a partir das imagens produzidas sobre a tragédia do rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Fundão, no complexo da Alegria, da mineradora Samarco (controlada pelas empresas Vale e BHP Billiton), em Bento Rodrigues, distrito da cidade de Mariana, Minas Gerais. Através das fotografias jornalísticas e artísticas que procuraram revelar o ocorrido, busco analisar a noção de desastre e a representação acionadas para classificar e retratar essa tragédia e, com base nos questionamentos extraídos desta breve análise, proponho um trabalho de deformação, montagem e restituição das imagens como forma de jogar com metáforas a partir dos restos que sobraram.
Imagens, memórias e mediadores - olhares trocados de norte a sul (Dossiê Olhares Cruzados)
Authors: Ladeira Maria Inês
Published: July 2018

O acesso e o domínio das tecnologias audiovisuais digitais ampliaram as concepções dos Guarani a respeito da captação de suas imagens pessoais, instituindo a figura do cineasta indígena, que passa a ter um papel ativo na criação do futuro de sua história. A partir das considerações dos cineastas indígenas acerca de seu papel de mediadores e de sua relação com os equipamentos e com o fazer cinema, abordo alguns sentidos apontados pelos Guarani em relação à reprodução, utilidade e circulação de imagens e informações nas aldeias e cidades. Neste artigo foram agregados comentários de cineastas guarani e innu que participaram de um projeto de parceria e intercâmbio audiovisual com as instituições La Boîte Rouge Vif (BRV), Centro de Trabalho Indigenista (CTI) e Laboratório de Imagem e Som em Antropologia da Universidade de São Paulo (LISA/USP).
Corpo e alma da arte moderna em São Paulo
Authors: Peixoto Fernanda Arêas
Published: July 2018

Esta resenha do livro De Anita ao museu (1976 ) enfoca os ensaios de Paulo Mendes de Almeida sobre os anos modernistas em São Paulo. Os textos reunidos no volume foram originalmente publicados nos anos 1950, quando o autor era um crítico ativo de arte e jornalista na imprensa de São Paulo. Esta nova edição é enriquecida por notas, imagens e documentos.
Arbitrariedade, Incertezas e Redes: um "voo baixo" sobre o mundo inteiro
Authors: Figueiredo Felipe Silva
Published: July 2018

Em O Mundo Inteiro Como Lugar Estranho, livro de caráter ensaístico, Cancliniaborda diversos aspectos culturais da contemporaneidade em tempos de decomposição social. As estruturas que acreditávamos estáveis e as teorias que considerávamos como explicativas das realidades sociais já não se sustentam num mundo em que os atores ligados às redes sociotécnicas criam e recriam a todo instante suas formas de associação. No livro, o autor percorre este mundo como um lugar estranho, lançando-se num “voo baixo” sobre temas como: ser estrangeiro; a democracia que, a seus olhos, ganha o adjetivo de “canalha”; formas de hacktivismo; maneiras de escrever ciência e literatura; além de falar sobre os congressos acadêmicos, sempre de um ponto de vista crítico em relação a cultura ocidental dominante e às certezas magistrais.
Gênero de uma perna só
Authors: Strathern Marilyn
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo, Marilyn Strathern busca construir uma teoria visual melanésia focando nos efeitos de tipos particulares de exibição, tais como práticas que acompanham iniciações ou trocas cerimoniais, tendo em vista que nesses contextos há um investimento na manipulação das formas por parte das pessoas. A autora busca responder, a partir dos matérias melanésios, o que seria ver para essas pessoas e que tipo de corpo é engendrado por uma prática visual em que o que se vê é deliberadamente tornado incompleto.
Anthropology in performance: interview with Richard Schechner, by John C. Dawsey
Authors: Dawsey John Cowart , Schechner Richard
Published: July 2018

During the period of June 26 to July 7, 2012, the Research Center in Anthropology, Performance, and Drama (Napedra - Núcleo de Antropologia, Performance e Drama), located at the University of São Paulo (USP), promoted a two-week event which was called “Encounters with Richard Schechner”. This was one of a series of events sponsored by Napedra as part of its thematic project, “Anthropology of performance: drama, aesthetics and ritual” 1 The following interview with Richard Schechner (RS) occurred on July 6, 2012, at the Laboratory of Image and Sound in Anthropology (LISA), of USP.
Silêncio que se vai cantar o fado...
Authors: Rosal Cristina
Published: July 2018

Tentarei explicar como acontece a estranha consistência de uma música que todos os portugueses reconhecem como sua, que o mundo inteiro reconhece como portuguesa – enquadramento social do fado, suas características mais marcantes, conteúdos cantados, base musical e instrumentos utilizados, fados tradicionais e improvisação. O silêncio também … Nem musicóloga, nem historiadora, sou uma cantadeira que fala do fado como se de um amigo fosse. Este texto serviu de base para uma comunicação apresentada no seminário “Processos composicionais na música brasileira – a musicalidade no lundum e no fado, na chula e no samba” (5ª Mostra de Música Leão do Norte, Sesc Santo Amaro – Recife, outubro de 2014). Darei alguns exemplos cantados (links propostos ao longo do texto). Neles, em modo "ensaio", juntaram-se gentilmente a mim António Queiroz, Nuno Siqueira (guitarra portuguesa) e Rui Silveira (viola), a quem muito agradeço. Agradeço ainda a Rodrigo Lacerda pelo apoio logístico à gravação dos vídeos.
O imaginário visual do pós-humano: uma leitura antropológica entre cinema e arte contemporânea
Authors: Putti Ricardo
Published: July 2018

O imaginário visual do pós-humano: uma leitura antropológica entre cinema e arte contemporânea. A primeira etapa dessa relação é a definição de pós-humano; isto se concentra particularmente em alguns trabalhos de arte e cinema, tentando reconhecer quais as implicações destes na trama da imaginação coletiva, com referência à dimensão visual de um futuro próximo. O estudo prossegue com uma análise do filme Gattaca (1997), dirigido pelo neozelandês Andrew M. Niccol, e os trabalhos de arte Cypher (2009), que contém uma referência explícita ao filme de Niccol, e GFP Bunny/Alba (2000), ambos criados pelo artista Eduardo Kac. Os trabalhos desses dois autores e sua relação entre si tornam-se o principal eixo de referência para a análise da construção de um imaginário das transformações na relação parental e, de maneira mais ampla, nas relações sociais ligadas à revolução genética artificial.
Apresentação do Dossiê Olhares Cruzados
Authors: Lopes Paula Morgado Dias
Published: July 2018

O dossiê “Olhares Cruzados” reúne quatro artigos e um ensaio fílmico que dialogam estreitamente entre si. Foram inspirados no encontro “Olhares Cruzados: Brasil/Canadá” , realizado em outubro de 2016 no Departamento de Antropologia da USP e que reuniu profissionais da imagem, cineastas e pesquisadores do Brasil e Québec (Canadá) para discutir experiências audiovisuais colaborativas em área indígena.
BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN AKADEMİK HİZMETLERE İLİŞKİN BEKLENTİLERİ VE YAŞAM MEMNUNİYET DÜZEYİ
Authors: Türköz Kumru , Çetintaş Hakan , Bicil İbrahim Murat
Published: July 2018

Küreselleşme
ile ortaya çıkan yeniden yapılanma süreci tüm sektörleri olduğu gibi
üniversiteleri de derinden etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin akademik
beklentileri ve memnuniyetleri kapsamında üniversitelerin rollerinin yeniden
değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin akademik yaşamdan
beklentileri ve yaşam memnuniyetlerinin belirlenmesinin öğrencilerin beşeri gelişimleri
için fiziki ve sosyal imkânların planlanması sürecine katkı sağlayacağı
düşünülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, Balıkesir Üniversitesi’ne
bağlı fakültelerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin akademik hizmetlere ilişkin
beklentileri ile Balıkesir Üniversitesi’nde ve Balıkesir İlinde yaşama ilişkin
memnuniyet düzeylerini araştırmak hedeflenmiştir. Sirgy, Grezeskowiak ve
Rahtz   (2007) tarafından geliştirilen
Üniversite Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin kullanıldığı çalışmada 627 örneklem ele
alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilere dayalı analiz sonuçlarına göre, lisans ve
önlisans öğrencilerinin akademik yönden orta düzeyde memnun oldukları,
Balıkesir ilindeki genel yaşam kalitesinin memnuniyet düzeyinin ise düşük
olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada memnuniyet ve memnuniyetsizlik
derecelerinin cinsiyet, tercih sırası, program türü, öğrenim türü gibi
değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir.
The Mind of the Censor: Girolamo Rossi, a Physician and Censor for the Congregation of the Index
Authors: Marcus Hannah
Published: July 2018

Girolamo Rossi (1539-1607) was a historian, physician, and prolific censor for the Catholic Church. This article examines Rossi’s manuscripts in Ravenna and the Vatican to explore how a physician contributed to the expurgation efforts of the Congregation of the Index in the years following the publication of the Clementine Index (1596). I argue that participating in these censorship efforts trained physicians and other lay experts to read like censors, repurposing the humanist tools of reading, excerpting, and note taking to accomplish the censorship goals of the Counter-Reformation Church.
Salvia ozolotepecensis, S. patriciae and S. sirenis (Lamiaceae), three new species from Miahuatlán district, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-GALLEGOS JESÚS GUADALUPE , FRAGOSO-MARTÍNEZ ITZI , GONZÁLEZ-ADAME GABRIEL , MARTÍNEZ-AMBRIZ EMMANUEL , LÓPEZ-ENRÍQUEZ IRMA LORENA
Published: July 2018

Salvia ozolotepecensis, S. patriciae and S. sirenis (Lamiaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico, are described and illustrated as three new species. The first one is characterized by its glandular-capitate pubescence in stems, leaves and inflorescences, mostly persistent floral bracts, entire and 5-veined upper calyx lip, red corolla, epapillate inside, included stamens, and connective ornate with opposed retrorse and antrorse teeth bordering an incision. It is most similar to S. perlonga and S. praestans to which it is compared. The second can be distinguished in having ovate to ovate-deltoid leaf blades, entire, acute and 7-veined upper calyx lips, red corollas, internally ornate near the base with two slender linguiform papillae, upper corolla lip shorter than the lower one, exserted stamens and glabrous style. This new taxon is morphologically similar to the species belonging to Salvia sections Cardinales, Charantia, Incarnatae, Flexuosa, Fulgentes, Iodophyllae and Pedicellata; although, it cannot be unambiguously assigned to one of these. In contrast, S. sirenis clearly belongs to S. sect. Scorodonia; amongst the species therein, the new species can be differentiated by the concolorous leaves, rounded to slightly oblique at base, 6–8-flowered floral nodes, longer floral bracts, pedicels, calyces and corollas, and 5 or 7-veined upper calyx lip. Also, it represents an addition to Mexican Salvia with white corollas. The molecular markers ITS, trnL-trnF and trnH-psbA were sequenced for two of the three new species, and their phylogenetic position is discussed.
About the identity of Tagetes pauciloba (Asteraceae, Tageteae)
Authors: SCHIAVINATO DARIO J. , BARTOLI ADRIANA
Published: July 2018

Tagetes pauciloba, a species previously included in the synonymy of T. filifolia, is reinstated as a distinct species, and T. mendocina is placed in the synonymy of T. pauciloba. An epitype of T. pauciloba is designated. A revised morphological description of T. pauciloba is presented, including the presence of gemmiferous roots noted for the first time in Argentinian species of Tagetes. Distribution of T. pauciloba and T. filifolia in Argentina is mapped. A key to distinguish T. pauciloba from its Argentinian congeners with perennial habit is provided.
First report of the land planarian Endeavouria septemlineata (Hyman, 1939) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) in French Polynesia
Authors: JUSTINE JEAN-LOU , LEMARCIS THOMAS , GERLACH JUSTIN , WINSOR LEIGH
Published: July 2018

We report the presence of the land planarian Endeavouria septemlineata from Tahiti, French Polynesia, on the basis of a single specimen collected in 2017. Identification of the species was ascertained by external and internal morphology and DNA COI sequence. The finding is of importance for conservation, since this species is a predator of soil animals.
Designation of a neotype for the Australian robber fly Ommatius dimidiatus Macquart, a new senior synonym of Ommatius pilosus White and Ommatius levis White (Diptera: Asilidae: Ommatiinae)
Authors: DANIELS GREG
Published: July 2018

The holotype of Ommatius dimidiatus Macquart is confirmed as being lost and two specimens labeled as syntypes in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris are considered not to have any type status. In accordance with Article 75 and complying with the qualifying conditions of Article 75.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a Tasmanian specimen of O. pilosus White, the only Ommatius Wiedemann species known to occur in Tasmania, is designated as a neotype of O. dimidiatus. Ommatius pilosus and O. levis White are confirmed as junior synonyms of O. dimidiatus.
Review of the genus Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae) from China
Authors: ZHU QI-DI , SHI FU-MING
Published: July 2018

In this paper, 6 new species, 1 new subspecies and 1 newly recorded species of the genus Diestramima from China are described, i.e. Diestramima acutiapicis sp. nov., Diestramima bina sp. nov., Diestramima cycla sp. nov., Diestramima truncata sp. nov., Diestramima subtilis sp. nov., Diestramima eurya sp. nov., Diestramima austrosinensis quaterna ssp. nov. and Diestramima major Gorochov, 1998. The morphological photographs of these and 8 known species are provided. All specimens examined are preserved in the Museum of Hebei University.
Barrier Layer Development Local to Tropical Cyclones based on Argo Float Observations
Authors: Steffen John , Bourassa Mark
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to quantify barrier layer development due to tropical cyclone (TC) passage using Argo float observations of temperature and salinity. To accomplish this objective, a climatology of Argo float measurements is developed from 2001 to 2014 for the Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and central Pacific basins. Each Argo float sample consists of a prestorm and poststorm temperature and salinity profile pair. In addition, a no-TC Argo pair dataset is derived for comparison to account for natural ocean state variability and instrument sensitivity. The Atlantic basin shows a statistically significant increase in barrier layer thickness (BLT) and barrier layer potential energy (BLPE) that is largely attributable to an increase of 2.6 m in the post-TC isothermal layer depth (ITLD). The eastern Pacific basin shows no significant changes to any barrier layer characteristic, likely due to a shallow and highly stratified pycnocline. However, the near-surface layer freshens in the upper 30 m after TC passage, which increases static stability. Finally, the central Pacific has a statistically significant freshening in the upper 20–30 m that increases upper-ocean stratification by ~35%. The mechanisms responsible for increases in BLPE vary between the Atlantic and both Pacific basins; the Atlantic is sensitive to ITLD deepening, while the Pacific basins show near-surface freshening to be more important in barrier layer development. In addition, Argo data subsets are used to investigate the physical relationships between the barrier layer and TC intensity, TC translation speed, radial distance from TC center, and time after TC passage.
Horizontal Dispersion of Buoyant Materials in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer
Authors: Liang Jun-Hong , Wan Xiaoliang , Rose Kenneth A. , Sullivan Peter P. , McWilliams James C.
Published: July 2018

The horizontal dispersion of materials with a constant rising speed under the exclusive influence of ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) flows is investigated using both three-dimensional turbulence-resolving Lagrangian particle trajectories and the classical theory of dispersion in bounded shear currents generalized for buoyant materials. Dispersion in the OSBL is caused by the vertical shear of mean horizontal currents and by the turbulent velocity fluctuations. It reaches a diffusive regime when the equilibrium vertical material distribution is established. Diffusivity from the classical shear dispersion theory agrees reasonably well with that diagnosed using three-dimensional particle trajectories. For weakly buoyant materials that can be mixed into the boundary layer, shear dispersion dominates turbulent dispersion. For strongly buoyant materials that stay at the ocean surface, shear dispersion is negligible compared to turbulent dispersion. The effective horizontal diffusivity due to shear dispersion is controlled by multiple factors, including wind speed, wave conditions, vertical diffusivity, mixed layer depth, latitude, and buoyant rising speed. With all other meteorological and hydrographic conditions being equal, the effective horizontal diffusivity is larger in wind-driven Ekman flows than in wave-driven Ekman–Stokes flows for weakly buoyant materials and is smaller in Ekman flows than in Ekman–Stokes flows for strongly buoyant materials. The effective horizontal diffusivity is further reduced when enhanced mixing by breaking waves is included. Dispersion by OSBL flows is weaker than that by submesoscale currents at a scale larger than 100 m. The analytic framework will improve subgrid-scale modeling in realistic particle trajectory models using currents from operational ocean models.
From ‘the effect of repression’ toward ‘the response to repression’
Authors: Honari Ali
Published: July 2018

Scholars have long been interested in explaining the effect of state repression on political participation. Recent reviews of research on state repression highlighted contradictory findings about this effect, yet the core question is still debated: what accounts for the variation in the effects of repression? This article posits that, to make sense of the variation in repression’s effect on political participation, theorization needs to move toward predictions about individuals’ responses to repression. The article, thus, attempts to lay the foundations for such theorization by reviewing the scholarship on the relationship between repression and political participation through the lens of the strategic choices individuals can make. Seeing individuals as having agency and shifting focus to their responses to repression (1) offers a broader picture of the activities available to discontented people under repression and (2) provides a better account of the contentious politics occurring under repression. A number of strategies in response to repression are identified. The notion of ‘choice points’ is applied to formulate hypotheses about why or under what conditions people choose a particular strategy in response to repression. In doing so, this article outlines new avenues for empirical research on repression.
Harnessing Inertia to Improve Army Enlisted Service Length: A Case for Opt-Out Enlistment Contracts
Authors: Hogue Lyle , Miller Brian J.
Published: July 2018

Army recruiting, initial entry training, and retention enterprises consume tremendous manpower resources and become disproportionately more expensive and challenging as the size of the Army increases. Fortunately, empirical evidence suggests that the Army could readily improve enlisted continuation rates by changing enlistment contracts from its present form, requiring soldiers to reenlist or opt-in to continue service, to open-ended enlistment contracts that require soldiers to opt-out of service upon fulfilling their service obligations. Changing enlistment contracts to an opt-out paradigm—similar to how officer populations are currently managed—could greatly increase the number of soldiers who continue service past their initial enlistment obligation. Improved continuation rates could save the Army hundreds of millions in recruiting and reenlistment incentives, as well as freeing thousands of Non-Commissioned Officers serving as recruiters, drill sergeants, and retention specialist to support other operational requirements.
Comparison of Asphalt Mixtures Crack Resistance at Intermediate Temperatures using Advanced Test Methods and Theories
Authors: Cao Wei , Mohammad Louay N. , Barghabany Peyman , Cooper Samuel B. , Salari Saman
Published: July 2018

Due to the increased use of recycled materials in pavement, the crack resistance of asphalt mixtures has become a major concern. This study evaluated the crack resistance of asphalt mixtures containing up to 40% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) at intermediate temperatures. Three groups of materials consisting of seven plant-produced hot-mix asphalt mixtures were evaluated. A suite of test methods with various mechanistic backgrounds were employed, namely: semi-circular bend, simplified viscoelastic continuum damage, indirect tension, Texas overlay, and Illinois flexibility index tests. The corresponding parameters obtained for assessing crack resistance were: critical strain energy release rate Jc, material fatigue sensitivity, dissipated creep strain energy, number of cycles to failure Nf,OT, the interaction plot of critical fracture energy versus crack progression rate, and the flexibility index, respectively. Test results indicated that mixtures with higher RAP content exhibited higher stiffness and indirect tensile strength with lower compliance than the counterpart materials. In addition, all evaluation parameters, except for the use of the interaction plot from the Texas overlay test, provided consistent observations that incorporation of more RAP deteriorated the materials’ crack resistance. The mixture-discriminating capabilities of all test methodologies were also investigated using the paired t-test on the experimental data of each mixture group. The results presented herein were part of Pooled Fund TPF-5(294) study titled Develop Mix Design and Analysis Procedures for Asphalt Mixtures Containing High-RAP and/or RAS Contents.
Point of Care Lung Ultrasound in Neonatology
Authors: Rath Chandra , Suryawanshi Pradeep
Published: July 2018

Clinician-performed ultrasound enables a more accurate understanding of disease processes and prompt care implementation. Knowledge of lung ultrasound is of immense utility to clinicians in their day-to-day patient management, and in acute events, in the absence of specialist service back-up. This article examines the potential role of lung ultrasound in the neonatal intensive care unit on the basis of available human studies. Lung ultrasound has a definite potential of reducing/replacing X-rays in the management of pneumothorax, pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, and transient tachypnea of the newborn. In addition, it can reduce the use of chest X-ray and radiation exposure in neonatology.
Offshoring of services as a competitive strategy in the tourism industry
Authors: Fuster Begoña , Lillo-Bañuls Adelaida , Martínez-Mora Carmen
Published: July 2018

The offshoring of services has steadily expanded in recent years and acquired growing importance in certain tourism subsectors. The present study analyses for the first time the offshoring indices and the trend seen in tourism services, based on input–output data (Spanish National Accounts) during the 2000–2007 expansive period. A distinction is made between offshoring associated with international fragmentation of production and offshoring due to a shift from domestic to foreign suppliers. The results point to a relocation of intermediate services to foreign countries in certain tourism subsectors (including travel agencies and air and maritime transport), involving both the international fragmentation of production and a substitution of the source of supply.
The daily dose of digital inspiration: A multi-method exploration of meaningful communication in social media
Authors: Rieger Diana , Klimmt Christoph
Published: July 2018

Research on eudaimonic media has so far predominantly focused on audiovisual offerings: movies or YouTube video clips. However, much meaningful and inspiring content nowadays is uploaded on social media in so-called memes. Three exploratory studies therefore investigated the occurrence, content, and effects of inspiring and meaningful memes in social media: The hashtags of eudaimonic memes were analyzed in semantic networks (study 1), a content analysis was conducted to typologize eudaimonic themes addressed in memes (study 2), and an online survey investigated the effects of eudaimonic memes on users (study 3). The results suggest that previously defined topics of inspiration and meaningfulness are also common among hashtags and memes and lead to the same beneficial effects for their consumers. The discussion aims at advancing the theory of mediated eudaimonia and understanding its relevance for well-being in the daily lives of social media users.
Edoxaban in atrial fibrillation patients with established coronary artery disease: Insights from ENGAGE AF–TIMI 48
Authors: Zelniker Thomas A , Ruff Christian T , Wiviott Stephen D , Blanc Jean-Jacques , Cappato Riccardo , Nordio Francesco , Mercuri Michele F , Lanz Hans , Antman Elliott M , Braunwald Eugene , Giugliano Robert P
Published: July 2018

Background:

The relative efficacy and safety profile of the oral Factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and established coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been analyzed.

Materials and methods:

In the ENGAGE AF–TIMI 48 trial, two edoxaban regimens were compared with warfarin in 21,105 patients with atrial fibrillation and CHADS2 ⩾2. We analyzed the primary trial endpoints (efficacy: stroke or systemic embolic event, safety: International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis major bleeding) in patients with versus without CAD, and used interaction testing to assess for treatment effect modification.

Results:

The 4510 patients (21.4%) with known CAD were older, more likely male, on aspirin, with lower creatinine clearance and higher CHADS2 and HAS-BLED scores ( p <0.001 for each). Treatment with the higher-dose edoxaban regimen (versus warfarin) in patients with known CAD tended to have a greater reduction in stroke/systemic embolic event compared with patients without CAD (CAD: hazard ratio 0.65 (0.46–0.92) versus no CAD: hazard ratio 0.94 (0.79–1.12), p-INT 0.062) and also in myocardial infarction (CAD: hazard ratio 0.69 (0.49–0.98) versus no CAD: hazard ratio 1.24 (0.89–1.72), p-INT 0.017), while there was a similar reduction in bleeding irrespective of CAD status (hazard ratio 0.81 and 0.80, p-INT 0.97). Presence or absence of CAD did not modify the efficacy or safety profile of the lower-dose edoxaban regimen (versus warfarin).

Conclusion:

The reduction in ischemic events with the higher-dose edoxaban regimen versus warfarin was greater in patients with CAD, while bleeding was significantly reduced with edoxaban regardless of CAD status. The efficacy and safety profile of the lower-dose edoxaban regimen relative to warfarin was unaffected by CAD status.