bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Documentary Film and Magic in Communist Romania
Authors: Coțofană Alexandra
Published: May 2017

The current paper is concerned with the ways that delegitimized forms of spirituality in communist Romania found unexpected ways of circulating their knowledge. Because of state control, especially during the repressive cultural revolution of the 1970s, magic practiced by Romanian Orthodox believers (as opposed to magic done by practitioners in other faiths) was practiced underground and was not a desirable topic of engagement for public figures and scholars. Conducting research on the topic of ritual magic was difficult for social scientists working in state institutes, and could only be done in secret. The current article explores one aspect of the politics of the communist regime against magic. In the late 1960s to early 1970s, a Romanian ethnographer shot and produced a documentary on ritual magic using the state’s technical and social tools. I investigate how the methodological problems faced by Romanian social researchers illuminate their research on ritual magic as a space of resistance.
Transformations of Neopaganism in Latvia: From Survival to Revival
Authors: Stasulane Anita , Ozoliņš Gatis
Published: May 2017

Neopaganism (Dievturība) in Latvia has undergone phenomenal transformations which have been driven by socio-political conditions. The history of the Dievturi movement makes it possible to outline the historical change in the movement due to differing political circumstances. In the first period of its development (1925-1940), Neopaganism displayed itself as a form of politicised phenomenon; it became part of prevailing policies of nationalism by offering a Latvian national religion. With Latvia’s occupation by the Soviet forces (1940) Latvian Neopagans, Dievturi, became a disadvantaged group. Persecution and repression faced by Dievturi (1940-1953) were due to the imposition of Communist ideology and restrictions on freedom. Later during the Soviet regime (1953-1986), the Dievturi were not part of an organised religious movement, their teaching and ritual practice were not further developed during this time period. However, it was while in exile that the Dievturi had the opportunity to develop and expand the movement, but they had to address an urgent problem of preservation of ethnic identity. In the 1980s the Dievturi movement gradually resumed its activity, and it was officially registered as a religious organisation (1990). Today the Dievturi movement in Latvia includes controversial aspects: opposition to globalisation trends and its New Age trajectory.
Polyfluoroalkylated 2-ethoxymethylene- 3-oxo esters: synthesis and chemical properties overview
Authors: Saloutin Victor I. , Kudyakova Yulia S. , Goryaeva Marina V. , Burgart Yanina V. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: May 2017

The review focuses on the synthesis and chemical properties of polyfluoroalkylated 2-ethoxymethylene-3-oxo esters. The scope and peculiarities of their use as organic reagents in reactions with various N-, C-, O-, mono- and dinucleophiles are discussed in detail. The high reactivity of such derivatives is employed in the construction of enaminoketone, arene and heterocycle frameworks. Particular attention is paid to applications of these building blocks as chemicals for fine organic synthesis, bioactive compounds and metal complexes synthesis.
New trends in the cross-coupling and other catalytic reactions
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Averin Alexei D.
Published: May 2017

A mini-review covers the latest achievements in the field of metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions among which are palladium-catalyzed Heck, Suzuki, cyanation and amination reactions. The aspects of the application of Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) are discussed. The possibilities of the applications of Cu(I)-catalyzed reactions are described. Special emphasis is made on the synthesis of polymacrocyclic compounds like porphyrin dyads and triads, polyazacryptands bearing fluorophore groups using catalytic methods. The application of Pd-catalyzed CH-activation reactions for porphyrin modifications is described, the use of Lewis acids catalysis and organocatalysis for enantioselective C–C bond formation is considered with the emphasis on the application of immobilized organocatalyst.
The physicochemical bases of the pyrometallurgical processing of the titanomagnetite ores
Authors: Dmitriev A. N. , Vitkina G. Yu. , Petukhov R. V.
Published: May 2017

The questions of an experimental study on the qualitative characteristics of iron ore raw materials (durability, reducibility, softening and melting temperatures) and their influence on indicators of blast furnace smelting (coke consumption and productivity) are considered.
Application of polymer-based membranes containing ionic liquids in membrane separation processes: a critical review
Authors: Rynkowska Edyta , Fatyeyeva Kateryna , Kujawski Wojciech
Published: May 2017

The interest in ionic liquids, particularly in polymerizable ionic liquids, is motivated by their unique properties, such as good thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, and wide electrochemical window. Due to these features ionic liquids were proposed to be used in the membrane separation technology. The utilization of conventional ionic liquids is, however, limited by their release from the membrane during the given separation process. Therefore, the incorporation of polymerizable ionic liquids may overcome this drawback for the industrial application. This work is a comprehensive overview of the advances of ionic liquid membranes for the separation of various compounds, i.e. gases, organic compounds, and metal ions.
Maximum on the Electrical Conductivity Polytherm of Molten TeCl4
Authors: Salyulev Alexander B. , Potapov Alexei M.
Published: May 2017

The electrical conductivity of molten TeCl4was measured up to 761K, i.e. 106 degrees above the normal boiling point of the salt. For the first time it was found that TeCl4electrical conductivity polytherm has a maximum. It was recorded at 705K (κmax=0.245 Sm/cm), whereupon the conductivity decreases as the temperature rises. The activation energy of electrical conductivity was calculated.
A 3D supramolecular architecture based on 2,2′-oxybis(benzoic acid) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene as ligands for Co(II)
Authors: Tang Long , Zhang Juan , Liu Xiao-Xia , Wang Ji-Jiang , Fu Feng
Published: May 2017

The reaction of CoCl2·6H2O with mixed ligands of 2,2′-oxybis(benzoic acid) (2,2′-H2oba) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) under hydrothermal conditions produced a new 3D cobalt(II) supramolecular architecture {[Co(oba)(bpe)(H2O)]·1/2bpe}
n
(1), which was structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that the Co(II) ions are connected to form an infinite polymeric chain by bpe ligands in complex 1. Due to strong intermolecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds, the adjacent chains are connected to generate a double-chain structure. These double chains are joined by O–H···N hydrogen bonding to produce a 2D supramolecular architecture. Furthermore, through intermolecular C–H···O hydrogen bonds, the layers are linked into a 3D supramolecular structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements have indicated that complex 1 shows weak antiferromagnetic interactions between adjacent Co(II) ions.
How Perilous Was It to Write Political History in Late Antiquity?
Authors: Kaldellis Anthony
Published: May 2017

Scholars often assume that historians in late antiquity ended their narratives with the previous regime because it was too dangerous for them to write candidly about the current imperial reign. While this was generally true, there are some notable exceptions to the pattern which, when studied together, show that this rule was not iron-clad and cannot safely be relied on to date the composition of texts and the scope of their coverage (in the case of lost works). Both the rule and the exceptions illuminate the nuanced play of “truth” and “power” in late antiquity. In assessing our evidence we must often read between the lines, but not all historians were as timid as we might assume. The Roman empire's “secret history” could sometimes be aired.
From Main Reef to Albertina Sisulu Road
Authors: Erlank Natasha
Published: May 2017

Public space in South Africa often feels overwhelmingly male-focused. Nevertheless, some municipalities, in the wake of post-apartheid transformation, have consciously attempted to commemorate women in the renaming that has taken place since 1994. In this article I examine some of these impulses, and their implication for the public commemoration of women in South Africa. I am interested in two aspects of this: how ideas about gender are represented in public memorialization (ideas about both masculinity and femininity); and how these ideas have changed, if at all, over the last twenty years. In order to do this I examine the phenomenon of memorialization via street names, in particular the street naming controversies that have erupted in key South African cities over roughly the last ten years.
c‐MYC mRNA tail tale about glutamine control of transcription
Authors: Dang Chi V
Published: May 2017

Dejure et al (2017) demonstrates an intriguing link between glutamine, c‐MYC protein levels, and c‐MYC‐dependent transcription. Glutamine‐dependent c‐MYC protein level, which is sensed through the c‐MYC mRNA 3′‐UTR, determines global transcriptional response to glutamine deprivation in HCT116 colon cancer cells. These findings add another layer of complexity to c‐MYC's role as a nexus in metabolic regulation.
Ca2+ binding to F‐ATP synthase β subunit triggers the mitochondrial permeability transition
Authors: Giorgio Valentina , Burchell Victoria , Schiavone Marco , Bassot Claudio , Minervini Giovanni , Petronilli Valeria , Argenton Francesco , Forte Michael , Tosatto Silvio , Lippe Giovanna , Bernardi Paolo
Published: May 2017

F‐ATP synthases convert the electrochemical energy of the H+ gradient into the chemical energy of ATP with remarkable efficiency. Mitochondrial F‐ATP synthases can also undergo a Ca2+‐dependent transformation to form channels with properties matching those of the permeability transition pore (PTP), a key player in cell death. The Ca2+ binding site and the mechanism(s) through which Ca2+ can transform the energy‐conserving enzyme into a dissipative structure promoting cell death remain unknown. Through in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we (i) pinpoint the “Ca2+‐trigger site” of the PTP to the catalytic site of the F‐ATP synthase β subunit and (ii) define a conformational change that propagates from the catalytic site through OSCP and the lateral stalk to the inner membrane. T163S mutants of the β subunit, which show a selective decrease in Ca2+‐ATP hydrolysis, confer resistance to Ca2+‐induced, PTP‐dependent death in cells and developing zebrafish embryos. These findings are a major advance in the molecular definition of the transition of F‐ATP synthase to a channel and of its role in cell death.
Lipophagy prevents activity‐dependent neurodegeneration due to dihydroceramide accumulation in vivo
Authors: Jung Wei‐Hung , Liu Chung‐Chih , Yu Yu‐Lian , Chang Yu‐Chin , Lien Wen‐Yu , Chao Hsi‐Chun , Huang Shu‐Yi , Kuo Ching‐Hua , Ho Han‐Chen , Chan Chih‐Chiang
Published: May 2017

Dihydroceramide desaturases are evolutionarily conserved enzymes that convert dihydroceramide (dhCer) to ceramide (Cer). While elevated Cer levels cause neurodegenerative diseases, the neuronal activity of its direct precursor, dhCer, remains unclear. We show that knockout of the fly dhCer desaturase gene, infertile crescent (ifc), results in larval lethality with increased dhCer and decreased Cer levels. Light stimulation leads to ROS increase and apoptotic cell death in ifc‐KO photoreceptors, resulting in activity‐dependent neurodegeneration. Lipid‐containing Atg8/LC3‐positive puncta accumulate in ifc‐KO photoreceptors, suggesting lipophagy activation. Further enhancing lipophagy reduces lipid droplet accumulation and rescues ifc‐KO defects, indicating that lipophagy plays a protective role. Reducing dhCer synthesis prevents photoreceptor degeneration and rescues ifc‐KO lethality, while supplementing downstream sphingolipids does not. These results pinpoint that dhCer accumulation is responsible for ifc‐KO defects. Human dhCer desaturase rescues ifc‐KO larval lethality, and rapamycin reverses defects caused by dhCer accumulation in human neuroblastoma cells, suggesting evolutionarily conserved functions. This study demonstrates a novel requirement for dhCer desaturase in neuronal maintenance in vivo and shows that lipophagy activation prevents activity‐dependent degeneration caused by dhCer accumulation.
Pro-IGF2-induced hypoglycaemia associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: van den Berg S A A , Krol C G
Published: May 2017

We present a patient (87 years, female) who was admitted to the emergency department because of loss of consciousness. Previous medical history included advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and associated weight loss. She was found on the ground in an unresponsive state by her daughter and was determined to be hypoglycaemic. Upon bolus administration of 100 mL intravenous glucose (10%), glucose levels increased to 2.9 mmol/L and the patient regained full consciousness. She was admitted to the hospital for further examination, and treatment and continuous intravenous glucose infusion was initiated. As the patient was known to suffer from advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, tumour-associated hypoglycaemia was suspected. Insulin, c-peptide and IGF1 concentrations were indeed low, cortisol concentration was high and IGF2 and Pro-IGF2 were borderline low and borderline high normal respectively. IGF2:IGF1 ratio was 23, confirming the diagnosis of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia. During the initial phase of treatment, euglycaemia was maintained by continuous variable glucose infusion (5%, varying between 1 and 2 L/24 h), and the patient was advised to eat small snacks throughout the day. After euglycaemia was established and the diagnosis was confirmed, prednisolone was started (30 mg, 1 dd) and glucose infusions were halted. Under prednisolone treatment, glucose levels were slightly increased and no further hypoglycaemic episodes occurred. At her request, no surgery was performed. After 19 days, the patient was discharged to a hospice and died 3 weeks later.

Learning points:

Hepatocellular carcinoma may be associated with non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (NICTH).

NICTH-induced hypoglycaemia is associated with low insulin and IGF1.

Measurement of IGF2 only (without measurement of Pro-IGF2 and IGF1) may be insufficient to prove NICTH.
The Problem of the Values Supporting Reasoning in the Humanities: Cognitive-Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Savtchouk Tatiana
Published: May 2017

The main cognitive models of the values supporting reasoning in the discourse of the humanities are identified, the typology of selected schemes is made, their modifications are characterised, the pragmatic differences of the models are determined. Particular attention is paid to the “cause to aim” justification of the value judgments that prevails in the humanities. The regularities of verbal representation of cognitive structures are ascertained, pragmatic properties of argumentative markers are explicated. The author’s typology of tactics that implements rational and emotional value-study strategies is proposed. A number of fallacies in the justification of normative value judgments are revealed, such as “semantic-pragmatic dissonance”, “simulation of reasoning”, “pseudoauthority”, “superfluity of argumentative resource”. The sources of such shortcomings are exemplified by the facts from the evidence base. The conclusion is that the author of the article chooses the cognitive model of argumentation in support of the values, the ways of its verbal presentation and the tactics of reasoning on the basis of pragmatic factors.
Linguistic and Extralinguistic Media of Social Representations in the Public Discourse
Authors: Zbróg Zuzanna , Zbróg Piotr
Published: May 2017

The aim of the article is to present the utility of the social representation theory as a theoretical and methodological basis of the public discourse research. The theory, enunciated by the French psychologist Serge Moscovici, offers a new approach to the research of the way in which the media and communities / social groups construct the understanding of the issues which are important to them. The analysis of public discourse conducted within the framework of this theory is based on the observation of linguistic media with which the processes of anchoring (naming, emotional anchoring, thematic anchoring, anchoring by metaphors, anchoring in antinomies) and objectification (emotional objectification, personification) are conducted. They constitute the basic communicative mechanisms which produce social representations. The role of language as a medium of social representation will be emphasised. The article will also discuss the extralinguistic media of social representations which determine the overall image of discursive social reality. Social representations may be perceived as a tool for description and understanding of reality.
The Sentence as a Functional Genre of Administrative Communication
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: May 2017

This article analyses the function of a sentence as a representative genre of administrative discourse, which has the ability to form and transform legally relevant facts. Functional and pragmatic nature of the sentence, as a document, lies in the ability to mandatory oblige all recipients of the discourse. The aim of the article is to identify the main features and descriptions of the sentence as an administrative discourse genre, which in essence is the main way of interpretation, evaluation and qualification of social behaviour. The study analysis includes the sentence analysis, taking into account three criteria: ontological, causal and pragmatic. This publication also provides a method of qualification of legally relevant facts and the examples of its verbalisation. It is shown that under formal communications, the studied genre of the text is the main instrument of the imperative regulation of social relations. The author indicates that the sentence is a subjective and prescriptive type of administrative document. The sentence is a final explicit act. Fundamental pragmatics of the sentence is focused on identifying and revealing the will of the authorities and influencing the participants of discourse.
Translation Editology: Conceptualising the Unknown Known Interdisciplinary Area of Translation Studies
Authors: Odrekhivska Iryna
Published: May 2017

The present article is an attempt to examine the status, present the legitimacy and underscore the complexity of the field of ‘translation editology’ within a broad interdisciplinary framework of Translation Studies. This area of translation research is focused on the theoretical and critical reflection on the editorial and publishing practice of translated literature. The overriding objective of the paper is to elaborate an interpretative mechanism of editorial practices in translation and to portray its practical application. Following this line, a three-layer model of translation editorial analysis is suggested. While at the micro-level the functional structural analysis elicits how the text is mediated through specific instances of language use, the meso-level relates to interpersonal dimension centring on translator’s relation to the authorial intentions and the way of their actualisation and concretisation. The macro-level of analysis is discursive, reviews the editor’s “tendentious rewriting” or manipulation of the target text. This model is probed in the analysis of 1983 editorial work performed by Victor Koptilov for the re-publication of 1912 Ukrainian translation of Longfellow’s masterpiece The Song of Hiawatha.
The Eternal Dilemma: to Translate, or not to Translate? Approaches and Positions
Authors: Salmeri Claudio
Published: May 2017

The phenomenon of translatability is an incredibly interesting translation problem, the subject of eternal disputes and discussions, which probably will never be definitively settled. Translatability is only a theoretical ideal, which, in fact, only corresponds to different degrees of approximation. Untranslatability is caused by the differences in the construction of language systems and the presence of different types of terms, words, common phrases and collocations related to specific socio-cultural phenomena in respective languages. The translatability of statements is also hindered by allusions of language and particular erudite manners of poetic text organisation, used for expressive and aesthetic language-specific sound values and semantic associations. Thus, the translatability of literature, and especially poetry, is particularly limited. The purpose of this article is to debate the problem of (un)translatability and to define its limits. The article is an attempt to discuss the fundamental questions of when the independence and freedom of manoeuvre of a translator reach their limits and whether a text should be translated or left in the original language.
Dimensions of Imagery: Translation Analysis on the Example of “The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe”
Authors: Feret Magdalena Zofia Zofia
Published: May 2017

The aim of this paper is to show how imagery, one of the most important human cognitive abilities, can be expressed. It considers the impact this ability can have on the process of text production and its understanding in translation. The cognitive grammar model by Ronald Wayne Langacker (1987, 1991) has formed the methodological perspective. The application of cognitive translation theory to translation analysis is presented on the example of the novel by Clive Staples Lewis The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and its translation into Polish by Andrzej Polkowski and into German by Lisa Tetzner. First of all, the terms ‘conceptualisation’ and ‘imagery’ are introduced and explained from the cognitive perspective. Then, the dimensions of imagery – selection, abstraction and perspective – are described. Based on this, the examples selected from the novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and its Polish and German translations are analysed and the results are discussed.
Proper Names: Translation Analysis on the Example of “Prince Caspian”
Authors: Majcher Agnieszka Elżbieta Elżbieta
Published: May 2017

The aim of this paper is to present translation strategies applied in the process of literary translation of proper names. The analysis is carried out on the example of the translation of the novel Prince Caspian by Clive Staples Lewis: into Polish by Andrzej Polkowski and into German by Lena Lademann-Wildhagen. The paper analyses how proper names referring to living creatures, geographical or topographical names were translated. The techniques applied by the two translators were significantly different, from transference, substitution, translation of part of the names, through referring associations with the character’s behaviour or the features of the object, to free translation, limited only by the author’s imagination. All the names were analysed in terms of semantics, morphology, for some the graphemes and phonemes were studied. First, the translation techniques used dealing with proper names were identified. Based on this, the results of the analysis of the selected names from the novel and its translations were presented together with conclusions on their influence on the world depicted in the novels and the impact the differences in translations can have on the reader.
Normative Masculinity in the Interwar Lithuanian Press and Advertising: the Image of an Officer
Authors: Bankauskaitė-Sereikienė Gabija , Būblaitytė Inga
Published: May 2017

The present article is an extended research of the expression of normative masculinity, aiming at complementing the studies on the history of culture and advertising, and the perception of masculinity in the First Independent Republic of Lithuania as well as demonstrating the tendencies of male selfidentification process in the interwar context. 

First research results were published in the article “Masculinity Representation in Lithuanian Interwar Press Advertising” (Bankauskaitė, Stravinskaitė 2016). The prevailing images of masculinity were divided into several groups: a heroic superman, a successful careerist, a family man and a hedonistic or narcissistic man. This article complements the normative collection of masculinity with the image traits of an officer. It is the one who, due to the influence of aesthetic standards, fundamental national values active, physical education and aviation achievements, was associated with the highest level of masculinity in the interwar advertising. Active masculine physical power, courage, determination and a wish to dominate, conveyed in the advertisements and articles, are especially important constituent parts of a normative model of masculinity. The model of an officer includes the images of a young, handsome, and educated gentleman who served as a role model for every man in the interwar society.
Sacred Judas and Profane Satan
Authors: Naikienė Ieva
Published: May 2017

ANDREJEV, L., 2016. Judas Iskarijotas. Šėtono dienoraštis. Iš rusų kalbos vertė Aidas Jurašius. Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla. 273 p.
Effectiveness of Tympanostomy Tubes for Otitis Media: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Steele Dale W. , Adam Gaelen P. , Di Mengyang , Halladay Christopher H. , Balk Ethan M. , Trikalinos Thomas A.
Published: May 2017

CONTEXT:

Tympanostomy tube placement is the most common ambulatory surgery performed on children in the United States.

OBJECTIVES:

The goal of this study was to synthesize evidence for the effectiveness of tympanostomy tubes in children with chronic otitis media with effusion and recurrent acute otitis media.

DATA SOURCES:

Searches were conducted in Medline, the Cochrane Central Trials Registry and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

STUDY SELECTION:

Abstracts and full-text articles were independently screened by 2 investigators.

DATA EXTRACTION:

A total of 147 articles were included. When feasible, random effects network meta-analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

Children with chronic otitis media with effusion treated with tympanostomy tubes compared with watchful waiting had a net decrease in mean hearing threshold of 9.1 dB (95% credible interval: −14.0 to −3.4) at 1 to 3 months and 0.0 (95% credible interval: −4.0 to 3.4) by 12 to 24 months. Children with recurrent acute otitis media may have fewer episodes after placement of tympanostomy tubes. Associated adverse events are poorly defined and reported.

LIMITATIONS:

Sparse evidence is available, applicable only to otherwise healthy children.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tympanostomy tubes improve hearing at 1 to 3 months compared with watchful waiting, with no evidence of benefit by 12 to 24 months. Children with recurrent acute otitis media may have fewer episodes after tympanostomy tube placement, but the evidence base is severely limited. The benefits of tympanostomy tubes must be weighed against a variety of associated adverse events.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Arteta Cristobal
Published: May 2017

La obra del pensador mexicano Leopoldo Zea, pertenece a la denominadatercera generación de la Filosofía Latinoamericana, la cual, por su contenido,profundamente enraizada en las circunstancias históricas de nuestro continente, le dan una validez y actualidad extraordinarias. Su preocupación principal fue la toma de conciencia por un filosofar auténtico que contribuyera grandemente a la búsqueda de la identidad del hombre de estas latitudes. A propósito, sentenciaba: el sentido del filosofar auténtico,el cual no es otro que la revelación de nuestra propia esencia, se presentacomo una exigencia de la cual ningún pensador comprometido con la latinoamericanidad puede escapar.
¿Es Sade nuestro semejante? El goce transgresor, como imperativo y como escándalo
Authors: González  de Requena Farré Juan Antonio
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se pretende llevar a cabo una sistematización filosófica del universo libertino retratado en las obras de Sade, con el propósito último de discutir en qué medida la sociedad contemporánea podría verse reflejada en semejante espejo deformante. En esta exégesis del universo sadiano, se entrelazan las extravagantes reflexiones filosóficas de los libertinos que protagonizan sus obras y, por otra parte, las muy variopintas interpretaciones de la escritura de Sade. Aunque frecuentemente se ha querido reconocer la modernidad de Sade a través de su apuesta incondicional por el deseo desenfrenado, el imperativo del goce y la transgresión, en este trabajo argumentamos que la contemporaneidad de la obra sadiana radica en su ambivalente sintonía con nuestra cultura del escándalo.
Aproximación a los conceptos de justicia, sociedad bien ordenada y sujeto político en John Rawls
Authors: Navarro Luis , Luqueta David , Beltrán Claudia
Published: May 2017

El manuscrito desarrolla algunos postulados que elabora John Rawls sobre los conceptos de justicia, sociedad bien ordenada y el concepto de persona en el libro Liberalismo Político (1995). Para ello, se aborda tanto la importancia de estos conceptos dentro del ámbito de la teoría como equidad, así como sus características más relevantes en el contexto de una sociedad democrática liberal. El documento sustenta su tesis en la necesidad de construir la sociedad liberal sobre un marco público. El núcleo del asunto se encuentra en entender a la democracia como una relación política entre ciudadanos dentro de una estructura básica de la sociedad en el seno de la cual los sujetos han nacido y en la que normalmente transcurre su vida.
Lectura crítica al Manifiesto de Cartagena desde la perspectiva del liderazgo emergente
Authors: Piña López Luis Eduardo , Medina Zárraga Neiza , Curiel Gutiérrez Ilyan
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo reúne los aspectos más contrastantes del Manifiesto de Cartagena, que como documento originario de Simón Bolívar, vislumbra con interés liderar un proceso para advertir a la Nueva Granada de las causas que condujeron a la caída de la Primera República en Venezuela. Se hace un análisis categorial por párrafos revisados a fin de citar ideas centrales asociadas a los tipos y estilos de liderazgo, y los tipos de líder. Reunidas las categorías son agrupadas, interpretadas, y luego representadas ilustrativamente mediante recorrido documental. Se encuentra que los tipos de liderazgo más notorios son el situacional y militar, el estilo explicativo, y como tipos de líder técnico y moral, entre otras características encontradas.
Los fundamentos de la política. Un contrapunto entre Enrique Dussel y Ernesto Laclau
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin
Published: May 2017

Este artículo compara los elementos centrales en las teorías políticas de Enrique Dussel y Ernesto Laclau. Laclau defiende un pensamiento postfundacionalista, que parte de las críticas posestructuralistas al esencialismo para crear su teoría política. En contraste, Dussel propone una perspectiva que, si bien adopta la crítica al dogmatismo marxista, busca responder al momento contemporáneo de los movimientos de liberación, lo cual pasa por pensar los fundamentos de las luchas por la hegemonía. En la primera parte se contrastan las posiciones de ambos autores en el debate sobre los fundamentos, particularmente la ontología política de lo social que ofrece Laclau y la metafísica que construye Dussel. En la segunda parte se identifican algunas de las consecuencias que dichos posicionamientos acarrean en relación con las concepciones de la hegemonía, el pueblo y el “deber ser” de las luchas políticas.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF WHEELS OF PERSPECTIVE STRUCTURAL SCHEME FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
Authors: Semenov S. A. , Mikhailov E. V. , Reidemeister O. H.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The article is aimed to the definition of technical and economic efficiency from the use of wheels of perspective structural scheme in the undercarriage of the rail vehicles (wagon). Methodology. The use efficiency of wheels of promising design scheme by reducing the motion resistance and wear of the wheel flanges is estimated by calculated values of estimated annual economic effect of implementation and payback period of the costs required for the development and implementation of the proposed wheel. Non-recurring costs include the cost associated with conducting research and development work, as well as the additional costs required for the manufacture of wheels of promising design scheme. Findings. In the course of computation and analysis of the economic efficiency from introductions of wheels of promising design concept, carried out on the basis of the initial data for the South-West railway, it was determined the profit which can be obtained by reducing the following operating costs: cost of returning the wheel flange on wheel sets; cost of fuel and energy resources for train traction; the value of the idle of cars in the current uncoupling repair; cost of repairs and current maintenance of rail track. In addition, it can be additionally released a number of cars by reducing their downtime. The calculation of net discounted income is carried out with the following assumptions: calculation period; estimated increase in the cost of wheel sets with wheels of promising constructive scheme compared to the model, the values of net profit for the accounting period, which was calculated by calculating the average value minus the cost of research, development and manufacturing of wheelset park with wheels of new design scheme. For a given billing period, the calculated value of the net discounted income was obtained and the payback period of the project was determined. Originality. The approaches to the perfection of design scheme of wheels, used in running gear of railway vehicles were substantiated. Practical value. The calculation method proposed in this publication allows evaluating the technical and economic feasibility of using the wheels of promising design scheme in the running gears of railway vehicles.
AUTOMATED MEASURING COMPLEX FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTING OF DC AND UNDULATED-CURRENT TRACTION MOTORS
Authors: Drubetskyi A. Yu.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. In the paper it is necessary: 1) to familiarize the reader with the modern classification of measurement and diagnostics, familiarize with problems of automating the measurement of basic parameters during program execution of qualification tests of traction motors; 2) to make recommendations to improve the measurement ac-curacy, reduce labor intensity of work for carrying out measurements, and reduce the requirements for the qualification of the staff; 3) to provide practical implementation of measurement system, built on the basis of the practical recommendations contained in the article. Methodology. The work presents the classification of measurement and diagnostic tools. The author considered a list of equipment that can be used in measurement systems, as well as third-party options for measuring complex and measuring complex using stand management system. Their functional schemes were proposed. The author compared the advantages and disadvantages of these schemes to make recommendations on areas of their optimal use. Findings. Having analyzed the functional scheme of measuring systems, it was found that the use of the control system microcontroller as a measuring complex is expedient if the measurements have largely a test process control function. The use of a third-party measuring complex is more appropriate in cases when it is required: to eliminate dependence on the stand management system, to provide high mobility and reduce the requirements for the qualification of the staff. Originality. The work presents a brief over-view of the measurement means. The author developed the functional schemes of measuring systems using stand management system and third-party measuring complex, proposed the criteria for evaluating their optimal use. Practical value. Based on the proposed functional diagram, the measuring system on National Instruments hard-ware and software basis was set up. The sensors by LEM Company were used as primary transducers for the measurement of currents and voltages. Thanks to chassis compact size, it was united in one body with the power supply for sensors. Thus, it was possible to reduce the size of the entire complex, simplify and speed up its preparations for the measurements.
INFLUENCE OF THE CAST IRON’S CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON THE INTERPHASE DISTRIBUTION OF Mn
Authors: Netrebko V. V. , Volchok I. P.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. This paper focuses on obtaining the dependencies of the manganese content in the metallic base (Mno) and its interphase distribution coefficient (KPMn) on the cast iron’s chemical composition in the system Fe–C–Cr – Ni –Mn. Methodology. The cast irons containing 1.09…3.91% С, 0.6…5.4 % Mn, 11.43…25.57 % Crand 0.19…3.01 % Ni have been studied. The active experiment design techniques were applied to build a mathematical model of manganese distribution. Cast iron was smelted in the induction furnace with the capacity of 60 kg, with basic lining.Findings.Manganese, being a carbide-forming element, distributed between carbides and the metallic base. With the use of the mathematical statistics methods, regression dependencies of the manganese concentration in the base and its interphase distribution coefficient on the С, Mn, Cr and Ni content in the cast iron were established. The manganese concentration in the base varied from 0.37 % at 1.09 % С, 0.6 % Mn, 11.43 % Cr and 3.01 % Ni to 5.79 % at1.09% С, 5.4 % Mn, 25.57 % Cr and 0.19 % Ni. The minimum value of the interphase distribution coefficient was 0.16 in the cast iron containing 1.09 % С, 0.6 % Mn, 25.57 % Cr and 3.01 % Ni. When the КРMn coefficient values were lower than 1, manganese concentrated predominantly in the metallic base. The maximum value of the КРMn coefficient was 2.48 at 3.91 % С, 0.6 % Mn, 11.43 % Cr and 0.19 % Ni. The manganese distribution pattern was determined by the carbides’ quantity and chromium and carbon ratio that determined the carbide type. The carbides’ composition was formed as a result of carbide-forming elements contention. Originality. Regression dependencies of the manganese content in the base and its interphase distribution coefficient on the cast iron’s chemical composition in the system Fe–C–Cr – Ni –Mn have been obtained. The dependency of the manganese distribution on the carbide forming processes has been established. Practical value. The obtained dependencies allow predicting the manganese content in the metallic base and may be used during the elaboration of the new wear resistant cast irons compositions.
MECHANICAL PARAMETERS CONTROL OF THE NEUTRAL RELAY OF RAIL AUTOMATICS BASED ON WAVELET ANALYSIS
Authors: Havryliuk V. I.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The scientific paper focuses on development of a method for mechanical parameters control of the neutral relay of rail automatics by current analyzing in the coil and the relay contacts at switching based on wavelet transform. Methodology. The methodology was based on current analysis of the relay coil and contacts currents under its switching and analysis obtained results by using wavelet transform. Findings. The time dependences of the current in coil and in contacts under switching on and off for the operable relays and relays with certain defects have been measured at different voltages applied to coil (10, 12 и 14 V). When voltage applied to coil was increased the rate of coil current increased, but time constant of the circuit was changed with voltage slightly. The current value maximum at which the relay armature begun to move for the operable relays was depended on applied voltage slightly. For the time interval, at which armature was putted to the relay core fully, time constant of the circuit was changed with voltage slightly also. The maximum current value at which the armature starts to move to the relay serviceable little dependent on the applied voltage. For site based in which the anchor is completely dragged constant current rise time is also a little dependent on the applied voltage. Similar results were obtained for the current reduction time constant with turning off the voltage and current confinement. The current pick-up and the current release of the armature increases for the relay with the load anchor is proportional to the weight of cargo, as well as for the relay contact with the rear, bent down, while the flexural rear contact up these currents have smaller values. Large-scale (low-frequency) coefficients of DWT can be used for a more accurate comparison of the current pick-up, and release time constants of the transient. Small scale coefficients fiberboard (HF) can be used as distinguishing traits defects mobile relay system. Originality. For the first time, on the basis of the research proposed to use detailing coefficients of a discrete wavelet transform as a symptom of mobile relay system. The approximation (smoothing) ratios can be used for a more accurate comparison of the current pick-up, and release time constants of the transient to detect defects of the electromagnetic relay system. Practical value. The studies conducted by the author can be used to develop stand-aided control of a technical condition of the relay neutral railway automation.
Beverage Alcohol Choice Among University Students: Perception, Consumption and Preferences
Authors: SALANTA Claudia Liana , TOFANA Maria , POP Carmen , POP Anamaria , COLDEA Teodora , MUDURA Elena
Published: May 2017

This paper aims to analyze and compare the beverage alcohol choice among university students. The study was carried out on a total of 1069 students (men and women) from University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania. A general questionnaire assessed alcoholic beverage consumption, perception and preference. The main reasons associated with alcohol consumption were relaxation and socialization followed by taste and flavour. The most respondents are attracted by flavor and aroma of the favourite beverage. The participants in the study were not heavy social drinkers (only 1.7 % of participants consume alcohol every day). Beer and wine, were the alcoholic beverages ranked in the top of preferences. Our findings can provide information for educators and policymakers in Romania to implement target-orientated interventions against alcohol abuse at universities. The results of this study may also add evidence to university administrators and public health educators elsewhere dealing with students from Romania.
Characterization of essential oils extracted from different aromatic plants by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: MORAR Maria Ioana , FETEA Florinela , ROTAR Ancuta Mihaela , NAGY Melinda , SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria
Published: May 2017

Four essential oils isolated from dried leaves of parsley, lovage, basil, and thyme were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR spectra revealed characteristic key bands for the main compounds of tested essential oils.
Mujeres delincuentes e imaginarios. Criminología, cine y nota roja en México, 1940-1950
Authors: SANTILLÁN ESQUEDA MARTHA
Published: May 2017

RESUMEN La modernización política y económica impulsada por los gobiernos tras la Revolución Mexicana, repercutió en la apertura de espacios para el desenvolvimiento de mujeres fuera del ámbito doméstico. La especialización de la criminología y la profesionalización de medios de comunicación, ligados a un fuerte conservadurismo, coadyuvaron en la conformación de un notorio temor ante tal fenómeno, asumiendo que ello pudiera provocar en las mujeres el relajamiento de la moral y, en consecuencia, conductas delictivas. El artículo analiza la conformación de imaginarios en torno a la mujer delincuente en un periodo de notorio auge tanto del cine como de la nota roja. Al presentar a las criminales como un ser monstruoso y perverso, imagen que no distaba mucho de las ideas criminológicas, se prolongaban temores existentes en torno a la delincuencia femenina pero también se fortalecía la concepción de una feminidad atada al espacio doméstico. Se estudian filmes, prensa nota roja, diarios de circulación nacional y artículos criminológicos.
SPATIAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LITTER AND BELOWGROUND CARBON IN A BRAZILIAN CERRADO VEGETATION
Authors: Morais Vinícius Augusto , Santos Carla Alessandra , Mello José Márcio , Dadid Hassan Camil , Araújo Emanuel José Gomes , Scolforo José Roberto Soares
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems contribute significantly to store greenhouse gases. This paper aimed to investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of litter, roots, and soil carbon. We obtained biomass and carbon of compartments (litter, roots, and soil) in a vegetation from Cerrado biome, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The materials were collected in 7 0.5 m² sub-plots randomly allocated in the vegetation. Root and soil samples were taken from five soil layers across the 0-100 cm depth. Roots were classified into three diameter classes: fine (<5 mm), medium (5-10 mm), and coarse (>10 mm) roots. The carbon stock was mapped through geostatistical analysis. The results indicated averages of soil carbon stock of 208.5 Mg.ha-1 (94.6% of the total carbon), root carbon of 6.8 Mg.ha-1 (3.1%), and litter of 5 Mg.ha-1 (2.3%). The root carbon was majority stored in coarse roots (83%), followed by fine (10%), and medium roots (7%). The largest portion of fine roots concentrated in the 0-10 cm soil depth, whereas medium and coarse roots were majority in the 10-20 cm depth. The largest portion of soil (53%) and root (85%) carbon were stored in superficial soil layers (above 40 cm). As conclusion, the carbon spatial distribution follows a reasonable trend among the compartments. There is a vertical relation of which the deeper the soil layer, the lower the soil and root carbon stock. Excepting the shallowest layer, coarse roots held the largest portion of carbon across the evaluated soil layers.
DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM BAMBOO (Bambusa vulgaris) FOR PESTICIDE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Santana Gregório Mateus , Lelis Roberto Carlos Costa , Jaguaribe Emerson Freitas , Morais Rayssa de Medeiros , Paes Juarez Benigno , Trugilho Paulo Fernando
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT Considering the water scarcity problems facing many countries, the need for water reuse can make activated carbon (AC) an essential product for modern society. In this context, to contribute with better activated carbons that could be used to serve in water treatment, this article discusses these materials production, using bamboo as raw material, and analyses their application effectiveness. The bamboo was collected, transformed into activated carbon, by simultaneous chemical and physical activations, and named H3PO4/H2OAC. The obtained material was characterized by its yield, apparent density, ash content, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area, methylene blue and iodine indexes, pH and point of zero charge analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Boehm titration method. The AC was used as adsorbent for removing the metribuzin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and furadan pesticides. The H3PO4/H2OAC had a surface area of 1196.30 m².g-1 and the obtained adsorption capacity was elevated for furadan (868.98 mg.g-1), metribuzin (756.47 mg.g-1) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (274.70 mg.g-1).