bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAKIKAT MAKNA DAN HUBUNGAN ANTAR MAKNA DALAM KAJIAN SEMANTIK BAHASA ARAB
Authors: S Febry Ramadani
Published: December 2020

Abstrak

Hampir tidak ada aktivitas manusia yang berlangsung tanpa kehadiran bahasa didalamnya, dan bahasa tidak akan pernah terlepas dari makna pada setiap perkataan yang diucapkan. Tataran penggunaan bahasa yang digunakan saat berinteraksi pun tentunya tidak terlepas dari penggunaan kata atau kalimat yang bermuara pada makna, yang merupakan ruang lingkup dari kajian semantik. Persoalan tentang makna sesungguhnya merupakan istilah yang paling ambigu dan kontroversial. Walaupun makna adalah persoalan bahasa, tetapi keterkaitan dan keterikatannya dengan segi kehidupan manusia sangat erat. Padahal sisi kehidupan manusia itu sangatlah kompleks dan luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalis apa yang dimaksud dengan makna, penggunaan makna dalam ruang lingkup semantik dan bagaimana hubungan antar makna terjadi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian library research yang mengandalkan beberapa sumber data baik berupa buku ataupun jurnal, kemudian peneliti menganalisis data dengan metode content analysis (analisis isi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakikat makna sebuah kata baru dapat ditentukan apabila kata tersebut berada dalam konteks kalimat. Adapun hubungan antar makna dalam kajian semantik menyangkut hal-hal kesamaan makna (sinonimi), kebalikan makna (antonim), kegandaan makna (polisemi dan ambiguitas), ketercakupan makna (hiponimi), kelaianan makna (homonimi), kelainan makna (homonimi), dan kelebihan makna (redundansi).

Kata kunci: Hakikat Makna; Hubungan Antar Makna; Kajian Semantik.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA PESERTA DIDIK MA DARUL HIKMAH DAREK TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Helyandari Baiq Henny , Hikmawati Hikmawati , Sahidu Hairunisyah
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini  bertujuan  untuk: mengetahui  pengaruh  model  problem  based learning  terhadap hasil belajar fisika peserta didik kelas XI MIA di MA Darul Hikmah Darek. Jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian - pretest-postest control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua peserta didik kelas XI MIA MA Darul Hikmah Darek tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh, dengan peserta didik kelas XI MIA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas  XI MIA 2 sebagai kelas  kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar   pada ranah kognitif adalah tes objektif yang terlebih dahulu diuji validitas, reliabilitas, daya beda dan taraf kesukaran soal. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 70,00 dan kelas kontrol 61,25. Hasil uji prasyarat analisis menunjukkan bahwa data posttestterdistribusi normal dan homogen sehingga uji statistik yang digunakan adalah parametrik t-test polled varian dengan kriteria uji t, dan diperoleh  thitung 2,08 dan ttabel    2,03 pada taraf signifikan 5%. Nilai thitung  lebih besar dari ttabel    maka Ho ditolak dan Ha  diterima,sehingga disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model Problem based learning terhadap  hasil belajar fisika peserta didik MA Darul Hikmah tahun ajaran 2019/2020.
PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI INDONESIA: METODE AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL)
Authors: Aliyah Minnanul , Auwalin Ilmiawan
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembiayaan bank syariah terhadap jumlah tenaga kerja Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia periode 2004-2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Adapun variabel kontrol yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kredit bank konvensional, inflasi, Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), dan jumlah unit UMKM. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara parsial, dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang pembiayaan bank syariah dan kredit bank konvensional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah tenaga kerja UMKM. Inflasi dan PDB berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah tenaga kerja UMKM. Jumlah unit UMKM berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah tenaga kerja UMKM. Secara simultan, pembiayaan bank syariah, kredit bank konvensional, inflasi, PDB, dan jumlah unit UMKM berpengaruh signifikan dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang terhadap jumlah tenaga kerja UMKM. Kata Kunci: Pembiayaan, Kredit, Inflasi, PDB, Jumlah Unit UMKM, Jumlah Tenaga Kerja UMKM ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of financing disbursed by Islamic banks on the employment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia 2004-2018. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The control variables used in this study were credit, inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the number of MSME units. The analysis technique used was Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). Partially, in the short and long term, financing and credit did not have a significant effect on the employment of MSMEs. Inflation and GDP have a positive and significant effect on the employment of MSMEs. Meanwhile, the number of MSMEs units has a negative and significant effect on the employment of MSMEs. Simultaneously, financing, credit, inflation, GDP, and the number of MSMEs units have a significant effect in the short term and long term to the amount on the employment of MSMEs.Keywords: Financing, Credit, Inflation, GDP, Number of MSME Units, Employment of MSMEs
IMPLEMENTASI PROSEDUR PEMBERIAN PEMBIAYAAN PRODUKTIF DAN PENANGANAN PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH PADA BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH BHAKTI SUMEKAR DAN BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Safitri Annisa Aulia , Laila Nisful
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komparasi sistem dan prosedur yang diterapkan BPRS Bhakti Sumekar dan BPR JATIM pada pemberian pembiayaan produktif serta proses monitoring yang dilakukan sebagai upaya meminimalisir terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif. Pada penelitian digunakan data primer berupa hasil wawancara dengan pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan beberapa dokumen pendukung sebagai data sekunder. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BPRS Bhakti Sumekar dan BPR JATIM menerapkan strategi berupa analisa pembiayaan yang akurat dengan memperhatikan aspek 5C dan melakukan monitoring berupa pengawasan serta pelatihan untuk karyawan sebagai bentuk mitigasi risiko. Pembiayaan bermasalah yang dinilai masih potensial akan dilakukan proses 3R oleh komite penanganan pembiayaan, tetapi jika pembiayaan bermasalah dinilai tidak potensial maka akan dilakukan penjualan barang jaminan secara bersama atau melalui KPKNL.Kata Kunci: Analisa pembiayaan, monitoring, pembiayaan bermasalah, penanganan pembiayaan bermasalah. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the comparison of systems and procedures applied by the BPRS Bhakti Sumekar and BPR JATIM in providing productive financing to minimize the occurrence of non-performing financing, monitoring processes in productive financing, and strategies for handling non-performing financing. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a descriptive case study approach. The data in this study were obtained through interviews with 8 informants as primary data and several supporting documents as secondary data. The results of this study indicate that in the provision of productive financing, BPRS Bhakti Sumekar and BPR JATIM have implemented a strategy in the form of an accurate financing analysis that takes into aspects of 5C (character, capacity, capital, collateral and condition) and conducts monitoring in the form of supervision and provides periodic training for employees as a form of risk mitigation. Non-performing financing that has the potential to be restructured will be carried out a 3R (restructure / rescheduling / reconditioning) process by the committee that handles problem financing. Non-performing financing that does not have the potential to be restructured will be sold privately or through the KPKNL.Keywords: financing analysis, monitoring, non – performing financing, non-performing financing solutions
Characteristics of Ruminal Microbial Community: Evolutionary and Ecological Perspectives
Authors: Patra Amlan Kumar
Published: December 2020

Ruminants perhaps appeared about 50 million years ago (Ma). Five ruminant families had been extinct and about 200 species in 6 ruminant families are living today. The first ruminant family probably was small omnivore without functional ruminal microbiota to digest fiber. Subsequently, other ruminant families evolved around 18-23 Ma along with woodlands and grasslands. Probably, ruminants started to consume selective and highly nutritious plant leaves and grasses similar to concentrates. By 5-11 Ma, grasslands expanded and some ruminants used more grass in their diets with comparatively low nutritive values and high fibers. Historically, humans have domesticated 9 ruminant species that are mostly utilizer of low quality forages for human benefits. Thus, the non-functional rumen microbiota to predominantly concentrate fermenting microbiota, followed by predominantly fiber digesting microbiota had evolved for mutual complementary benefits of holobiont over the million years. The core microbiome of ruminant species seems the resultant of hologenome interaction in an evolutionary unit. The inertia and resilience properties of ruminal ecosystem seem to be due to this core microbiota, which makes the ecosystem most stable in response to perturbations because this core microbiota has evolutionary advantages with logically more generalists (i.e., wide metabolic versatile and redundancy). Also, a part of the ruminal microbiome shows highly plasticity, which is likely useful for evolutionary adaptability of holobiont. This review discusses ecological characteristics of ruminal microbial community in evolutionary perspectives. The updated understanding of ecological traits of ruminal microbiome would be helpful to better modulate the ruminal fermentation favorably for human benefits.
Ciliary Dysfunction Secondary to COVID-19. Explanation of the Pathogenesis From Analysis of Human Interactome With Sars-Cov-2 Proteome
Authors: Bermejo-Valdés Alejandro Jesús , Padrón-González Alexander Ariel , Archer-Jiménez Jessica
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is sufficient experimental evidence to confirm that SARS-CoV-2 infection produces states of ciliary and flagellar dysfunction. However, these studies are unable to explain the observed effects molecularly, because they lack a sufficient understanding of the interaction between human proteins and virus proteins. Using the physical-chemical study of the human interactome in interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, we found evidence of interactions to explain the experimental effects from a molecular perspective. We found that ten viral proteins interact with key components in the maintenance of the molecular structure of axoneme. Additionally, we evaluated the pulmonary and extrapulmonary pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the point of view of ciliary dysfunction, and warned about other possible complications such as episodes of transient infertility that, due to the limitations of our work, would need verification.
ПРОБЛЕМА ДНК(РНК)-КОНТАМИНАЦИИ В ЛАБОРАТОРИИ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ COVID-19 МЕТОДОМ ПЦР
Authors: Волынкина Анна , Рязанова Алла , Русанова Диана , Куличенко Александр
Published: December 2020

Проанализированы факторы, приводящие к контаминации нуклеиновыми кислотами в лабораториях, выполняющих массовые исследования клинического материала методом ПЦР на наличие РНК нового коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Основными причинами, способствующими возникновению контаминации, являются большие объемы исследований, накопление в лаборатории образцов клинического материала, увеличение количества отходов, содержащих продукты амплификации.

Перекрестная контаминация происходит вследствие технических ошибок при выполнении лабораторных манипуляций на этапах пробоподготовки и обеззараживания материала, выделения РНК, внесения проб кДНК/РНК, положительных контрольных образцов в реакционную смесь. Загрязнение рабочих зон лаборатории ампликонами, возникающее при открытии пробирок и планшетов, содержащих продукты ПЦР – главная причина тотальной контаминации в лаборатории. Признаками перекрестной контаминации являются увеличение доли положительных проб с низкими значениями порогового цикла и выявление положительного сигнала в отрицательных контрольных образцах этапов выделения и амплификации. Получение положительного результата для всех проб в постановке, включая отрицательные контрольные образцы, свидетельствует о «тотальной контаминации» в лаборатории.

Помимо контаминации, к ложноположительным результатам анализа может приводить образование неспецифических продуктов ПЦР на поздних циклах реакции и неспецифическая флуоресценция реакционной смеси, возникающая при несоблюдении температурного режима хранения реактивов.

Для предотвращения контаминациии в лаборатории, выполняющей исследования методом ПЦР, необходим строгий контроль соблюдения поточности движения исследуемого материала и медицинских отходов, регулярный анализ частоты положительных ответов, обязательное проведение внутрилабораторного контроля качества исследований и ДНК(РНК) контаминации.
Sarcófagos tardoantiguos en la Bética oriental: decoración y morfología
Authors: Olivera Delgado Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

Los trabajos publicados sobre sarcófagos tardoantiguos han evolucionado desde el siglo XX. Paulatinamente se han divulgado estudios más centrados en la iconografía y la estética, pero que no aportan una visión de conjunto sobre las medidas, ornamentación y material dentro de una misma zona geográfica. Este estudio pretende aglutinar el mayor número posible de datos artísticos, métricos e iconográficos sobre los sarcófagos localizados en la Bética oriental con el fin de aportar una nueva visión global de estas piezas tardo antiguas.
Population Structure Analysis of Javan Rhinoceros at Ujung Kulon National Park, West Java
Authors: Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu , Syamsudin Mochamad , Firdaus Asep Yayus
Published: December 2020

Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of the rare animals with critically endangered status. The Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) is one of javan rhino habitat in Indonesia. Every year the monitoring program for javan rhino in UKNP was performed to identify the animals. This research was aimed to analyze the population structure of javan rhino based on the records data from 2011 to 2019 in UKNP. Research showed that the natural increase (NI) and birth rate (BR) values were 17.34% (moderate) and 67.33% (high) respectively. The net return rate (NRR) value was 15.38% (male) and 14.28% (female). The NRR value in the present study was lower than 100% and caused by less number of animals in a population for 30 years of breeding length. Despite this, the inbreeding rate of javan rhino at UKNP in 2019 was 0.01 (low). It was concluded that the natural increase of javan rhino at UKNP showed a good parameter but the population number needs to be increased.
WITHDRAWN: Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Elgazzar Ahmed , Eltaweel Abdelaziz , Youssef Shaimaa Abo , Hany Basma , Hafez Mohy , Moussa Hany
Published: December 2020

Background: Up-to-date, there is no recognized effective treatment or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19 that emphasize urgency around distinctive effective therapies. This study aims to evaluate the anti-parasitic medication efficacy "Ivermectin" plus standard care in the treatment of mild/moderate and severely ill cases with COVID 19 infection, as well as prophylaxis of health care and/ or household contacts.Subject and methods: 600 subjects; 400 symptomatic confirmed COVID-19 patients and 200 health care and household contacts distributed over 6 groups; Group I: 100 patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 infection received a 4-days course of Ivermectin plus standard of care; Group II: 100 patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 infection received hydroxychloroquine plus standard care; Group III: 100 patients with severe COVID-19 infection received Ivermectin plus standar care; Group IV: 100 patients with Severe COVID-19 infection received hydroxychloroquine plus standard care. Routine laboratory investigations and rT-PCR, were reported before and after initiation of treatment. Group V stick to personal protective measures (PPM ) plus Ivermectin o.4mg / kg on empty stomach to be repeated after one week, and group VI stick to PPM only .Both groups V&VI were followed for two weeks ..Results: Patients received ivermectin early reported substantial recovery of laboratory investigations; and significant reduction in rT-PCR conversion days. A substantial improvement and reduction in mortality rate in Ivermectin treated groups; group I (99% & 0.0%, respectively) and group III (94% & 2.0% respectively) versus hydroxychloroquine plus standard care treated groups; group II (74% and 4%, respectively) and group IV (50% and 20%, respectively). Ivermectin had significantly reduced the incidence of infection in health care and household contacts up to 2% compared to 10% in non ivermectin group when used as a prophylaxis. Conclusion: Early addition of Ivermectin to standard care is very effective drug for treatment of COVID-19 patients with significant reduction in mortality,rt-PCR conversion days , recovery time hospital stay compared to Hydroxychloroquine plus standard care. Early use of Ivermectin is very useful for controlling COVID 19 infections; prophylaxis and improving cytokines storm
Anastomotic leakage following resection of the esophagus – Introduction of an endoscopic scoring system
Authors: Bachmann Jeannine , Feith Marcus , Schlag Christoph , Abdelhafez Mohamed , Martignoni Marc , Friess Helmut
Published: December 2020

Background Malignant tumors of the esophagus are the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Postoperative leakage of the esophago-gastrostomy leads to mediastinal sepsis, which is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic view of the different severity grades of an anastomotic leakage. MethodsPatients Between June 2016 and September 2018, 144 patients were operated upon in the Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Germany. Among these patients, 34 (23.6%) presented with a leakage of the anastomosis. EndoscopyIn this retrospective analysis the focus is to describe different patterns of leakage of the anastomosis. Results We studied 34 patients in whom post-esophagectomy leakage of the anastomosis was detected and treated with an endoluminal vacuum sponge system. The leakage healed in 26 of 29 patients (success rate 89.7%). With increasing severity of leakage, the treatment time and the in-hospital mortality correspondingly increased. Furthermore, the incidence of development of a fistula to the tracheobronchial system increased with higher grades of leakage. ConclusionsExact descriptions of leakage are necessary to compare the cases and to prove post-treatment improvement. This is, to our knowledge, the first publication to present a leakage grading score in patients after esophagectomy including reconstruction with a gastric tube. This new grading system needs to be tested in further analyses, with special focus on prospective analysis.
Sustainability of Yam Daabo Interventions' Effects on Contraception use in Burkina Faso 12 Months after the end of Interventions
Authors: Coulibaly Abou , Baguiya Adama , Garanet Franck , Tran Nguyen , Millogo Tiéba , Yaméogo Wambi Maurice Evariste , Meda Ivlabèhire Bertrand , Thiéba Blandine , Kouanda Séni
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAfter testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, very few studies have measured the sustainability of the effects achieved during implementation. This study aimed to measure the sustainability of Yam Daabo interventions' effects on contraceptive use in Burkina Faso twelve months after these interventions were completed.MethodsYam Daabo was a two-group, multi-intervention, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. Interventions comprised refresher training for the provider, a counseling tool, supportive supervision, availability of contraceptive services 7 days a week, client appointment cards, and invitation letters for partners. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models (log Poisson) to compare the modern contraceptive prevalence at 24 months in the intervention and control groups. We collected data between September and November 2018. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusted the prevalence ratios on cluster effects and unbalanced baseline characteristics.ResultsTwelve months after the completion of the Yam Daabo trial, we interviewed 84.9% (485 out of 571 women) of the women included at Yam Daabo starting, that is, 247/286 in the intervention group (86.4%) and 238/285 in the control group (83.5%). No difference was observed in the use of hormonal contraceptive methods between the intervention and control groups (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.91–1.61], p=0.191). By contrast, women in the intervention group were more likely to use long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) than those in the control group (adjusted prevalence ratio =1.35; 95% CI = [1.08–1.69], p=0.008).ConclusionThis study showed that women in the intervention group preferred to use long-acting reversible contraceptives even though no significant difference was found in the comparison of modern contraceptive prevalences between the two arms.Trial registrationThe trial registration number at the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry is PACTR201609001784334 and the date of the first registration is 27/09/2016.
Simulation Training Program for Vacuum Application to Improve Technical Skills in Vacuum-Assisted Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Mannella Paolo , Giordano Mario , Guevara Maria Magdalena Montt , Giannini Andrea , Russo Eleonora , Pancetti Federica , Simoncini Tommaso
Published: December 2020

Objectivecreation of an assessment scale to evaluate technical skills of the operators during the obstetrical device application for operative vaginal delivery, named kiwi-cupMethods35 residents in obstetrics and gynecology of the University of Pisa, Italy were recruited and evaluated with an assessment scale on technical skills from 0 to 55 points. They performed various operative vaginal delivery simulations with kiwi-cup and were evaluated at time 0 by a tutor. After 8 weeks, simulation training was repeated and trainees were re-evaluated by the same tutor.Resultsafter 8 weeks from the first simulation session, trainees have been shown to increase technical skills (46.27 ± 4.6 with p-value <0.0001), the successful application rate (85.71% with p-value 0.0161).) and to reduce the time to complete the procedure (86.2 ± 29.9 sec with p-value <0.0001)Conclusionsimulation training on operational vaginal delivery significantly increases technical skills, improves successful rate, and reduces the time taken to complete the procedure.Clinical trial registrationnot applicable
Linking Neuroinflammation and Extracellular Free Water in HIV Infection: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Uddin Md Nasir , Faiyaz Abrar , Wang Lu , Zhuang Yuchuan , Murray Kyle D , Descoteaux Maxime , Tivarus Madalina E. , Weber Miriam T. , Zhong Jianhui , Qiu Xing , Schifitto Giovanni
Published: December 2020

Initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces inflammation in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. Recent studies demonstrated that diffusion MRI based extracellular free water (FW) modeling can be sensitive to neuroinflammation. Here, we investigate the FW in HIV-infection, its temporal evolution, and its association with blood markers, and cognitive scores. Using 96 age-matched participants, we found that FW was significantly elevated in grey and white matter in cART-naïve HIV+ compared to healthy controls (HIV-) at baseline. Similarly, at baseline, HIV+ participants had increased neurofilament light chain (NfL) values that correlated with FW and CD4 counts. FW in grey and white matter, as well as NfL decreased in the HIV+ after 12 weeks of cART treatment. No significant FW differences were noted between the HIV+ and HIV- cohorts at 1 and 2-year follow-up. Results suggest that FW elevation in cART-naïve HIV+ participants is likely due to neuroinflammation. The correlation between FW and NfL and the improvement in both FW and NfL after 12 weeks of cART treatment further reinforces this conclusion. The longer follow-up at 1 and 2 years suggests that cART helped control neuroinflammation as inferred by FW. Therefore, FW could be used as a biomarker to monitor HIV-associated neuroinflammation.
Transient Cell Cycle Induction in Cardiomyocytes to Treat Ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Abouleisa Riham , Ou Qinghui , Tang Xian-Liang , Solanki Mitesh , Guo Yiru , Nong Yibing , Mcnally Lindsey , Lorkiewicz Pawel , Kassem Kamal , Ahern Brooke , Choudhary Krishna , Thomas Reuben , Huang Yu , Juhardeen Hamzah , Siddique Aisha , Ifthikar Zainab , Salama Abou-Bakr , Hammad Sally , Elbaz Ayman , Ivey Kathryn , Satin Jonathan , Hill Bradford , Srivast Deepak , Bolli Roberto , Mohamed Tamer
Published: December 2020

The regenerative capacity of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) is limited. Our previous study showed that ectopic introduction of Cdk1/CyclinB1 and Cdk4/CyclinD1 complexes (4F) promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in 15-20% of infected cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo and improves cardiac function after MI. Here, we aim to identify the necessary reprogramming stages during the forced cardiomyocyte proliferation with 4F on a single cell basis. Also, we aim to start the first preclinical testing to introduce 4F gene therapy as a candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced heart failure. Temporal bulk and single-cell RNAseq and further biochemical validations of mature hiPS-CMs treated with either LacZ or 4F adenoviruses revealed full cell cycle reprogramming in 15% of the cardiomyocyte population after 48 h post-infection with 4F, which was associated with sarcomere disassembly and metabolic reprogramming. Transient overexpression of 4F, specifically in cardiomyocytes, was achieved using a polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus (NIL) encoding the 4F; each is driven by a TNNT2 promoter (TNNT2-4F-NIL). TNNT2-4F-NIL or control virus was injected intramyocardially one week after MI in rats or pigs. TNNT2-4F-NIL treated animals showed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and scar size compared with the control virus treated animals four weeks post-injection. In conclusion, the present study provides a mechanistic demonstration of the process of forced cardiomyocyte proliferation and advances the clinical feasibility of this approach by minimizing the oncogenic potential of the cell cycle factors using a novel transient and cardiomyocyte-specific viral construct.
The Relation Between Using Inappropriate Medications and Quality of Life Among the Elderly Living in Kerman 
Authors: Kardanmoghadam VIDA , Vali Leila , Khanjani Narges , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Rajabkhah Kourosh
Published: December 2020

Background: Disability induced by severe diseases reduces life quality among elders, and leads to increased use of medications and increase in drug misuse. This study was done to determine the relation between the number of inappropriate medications used and life quality of elderly people living in Kerman during 2014.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 elderly people in Kerman, Iran. The participants were selected by simple random sampling. The elderly health assessment questionnaire and Beers Criteria were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and running test, Fischer’s Exact test, and logistic regression. The model fitness was evaluated by the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test.Results: The risk of low life quality in elders using 3 to 4 inappropriate medications was 9.98 times more than elders using no unauthorized medication. The most frequent inappropriate medications were Aspirin and Alprazolam. A significant relation was observed between low life quality and number of inappropriate medications used by elders; that is, taking a higher number of inappropriate medications was associated with lower life quality.Conclusions: Many elderly people use inappropriate medications, which can have a serious adverse impact on their quality of life
Effect of Topical Application of Human Breast Milk, Chlorhexidine and Dry Cord Care on Neonatal Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Rate of Cord Infection : Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Mekonnen Melat , Estifanos Abiy , Gebremariam Mulugeta , Biru Yemisrach
Published: December 2020

Background- Annually 1 million newborns worldwide die of infection caused by bacteria that enter the body via the umbilical cord. Regarding this the Ethiopia national strategy of new born and child survival identified Chlorhexidine as one of the high impact interventions to minimize neonatal mortality. Whereas, studies have shown Human breast milk application to the neonatal umbilical cord has a shorter cord separation time and lower rate of infection than Chlorhexidine or dry cord care. Method- From May to November, 2018, a three arm, non- masked, community based, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted at Butajira Demographic and Health Surveillance site located in the Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples´ Region of Ethiopia. Nine sub districts of the Butajira Demographic and Health Surveillance site were randomized into two intervention groups that are human breast milk and Chlorhexidine and a control group which is the dry cord care using a lottery method. From a sample size of 337, data were entered and analyzed for 302 term singleton newborns. Baseline characteristics across the groups were compared by ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi square for categorical variables. Mean cord separation time was compared among the groups using one way ANOVA whereas the secondary outcome i.e. rate of omphalitis was expressed in terms of frequency and was compared among the groups using Chi square. Level of significance was set at p <0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Result- The mean cord separation time was 5.6 days in the human breast milk group, 5.9days in the Chlorhexidine group, and 5.7days in the dry cord care group but this difference was not statistically significant among the study groups (p value=0.40). The highest signs of cord infection rate were observed in the dry care group and this was significant regarding the redness on the base of the cord stump (P<0.001). Conclusion- Topical application of human breast milk is related with shorter cord separation time compared to chlorhexidine or dry cord care. It also has reduced incidence of infection, as much as topical chlorhexidine application. Generally the readily available human breast milk should be given further emphasis.Trial registration- This trial is registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry on 27th August 2020 with a clinical trial registration number of PACTR202008804462886 . It can be accessed using the URL address:https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=593.
Vibration of FG Shell Rested on Winkler Foundation
Authors: Selmi Abdellatif
Published: December 2020

Love’s first a pproximation theory is employed with the combination of Winkler term for the vibration of functionally graded cylindrical shell. MATLAB software is utilized for the vibration of functionally graded cylindrical shell with elastic foundation of Winkler and t he results are verified with the open literature. For isotropic materials, the physical properties are same everywhere where the laminated and functionally graded materials, they vary from point to point. Here the shell material has been taken as functiona lly graded material. The influence of the elastic foundation, wave number, length - and height - to - radius ratios is investigated with different boundary conditions. The frequencies of length - to - radius and height - to - radius ratio are counter part of each other . The frequency first increases and gain maximum value in the midway of the shell length and then lowers down for the variations of wave number. It is found that due to inducting the elastic foundation of Winkler, the frequencies increases.
Electrostatic Asymmetry of Single-Crystal Nanostructures
and Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Zhou Ming , Kim Ji-Young , Han Myung Geun , Zu Xiaotao , Sun Kai , Zhang Sa , Zhao Fengai , Xiao Haiyan , Xiang Xia , Zhu Yimei , Kotov Nicholas A
Published: December 2020

Efficient light absorption and high energy of charge carriers of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZCS) make this semiconductor attractive for many photocatalytic reactions. Despite marked successes in shape-controlled synthesis of ZCS central to their photocatalytic performance, recombination of charge carriers as they migrate through the nanoscale particles result in losses of excitation energy markedly reducing photocatalytic activity of ZCS and other heterogeneous photocatalysts. Here we show that electrostatic asymmetry of single-crystalline ZCS with planar geometry assists charge separation and substantially increase the yield of photocatalytic reactions. The synthesized ZCS nanorods and nanoplates with identical chemical composition were found to have markedly different photocatalytic activity for evolution of hydrogen in water. Despite much smaller specific surface areas, the ~ 500 nm wide nanoplates displayed hydrogen evolution rate 12 times higher than the ~ 35 nm long nanorods also outperforming other ZCS photocatalysts. Experimental and computational data indicate that the homo and heterojunction-free ZCS nanoplates with continuous wurtzite lattice behave essentially as nanoscale dipoles. Electric-field-directed migration of charge carriers stimulates their localization on opposite parts of the nanoplates. Direct imaging of intraparticle electrical field using off-axis electron holography confirmed their electrostatic asymmetry. Polarization-enhanced charge separation provides a new pathway to efficient and stable photocatalysts for sustainable energy technologies.
The Large Extracellular Loop of CD63 Interacts with gp41 of HIV-1 and is Essential for Establishing the Virological Synapse
Authors: Ivanusic Daniel , Madela Kazimierz , Bannert Norbert , Denner Joachim
Published: December 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persists lifelong in infected individuals and has evolved unique strategies in order to evade the immune system. One of these strategies is the direct cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1. The formation of a virological synapse (VS) between donor and target cell is important for this process. Tetraspanins are cellular proteins that are actively involved in the formation of a VS. However, the molecular mechanisms of recruiting host proteins for the cell-cell transfer of particles to the VS remains unclear. Our study has mapped the binding site for the transmembrane envelope protein gp41 of HIV-1 within the large extracellular loop (LEL) of CD63 and showed that this interaction occurs predominantly at the VS between T cells where viral particles are transferred. Mutations within the highly conserved CCG motif of the tetraspanin superfamily abrogated recruiting of expressed HIV-1 GFP fused Gag core protein and CD63 to the VS. This demonstrates the biological significance of CD63 for enhanced formation of a VS. Since cell-cell spread of HIV-1 is a major route of persistent infection, these results highlight the central role of CD63 as a member of the tetraspanin superfamily during HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
The Impact of Previous Cesarean Section on The Outcome in Patients With Non-Adherent Placenta Previa
Authors: Sindiani Amer , Obeidat Nail , Abu-Azzam Omar , Hijazi Heba
Published: December 2020

Background: to evaluate the impact of lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) on the maternal and fetal outcomes of women with non-adherent placenta previa (PP). Methods: This is a retrospective study of all women who delivered at our hospital by LSCS with non-adherent PP over a period of 10 years. Data were obtained through hospital registry and medical records search. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20). The differences in demographic and obstetric characteristics, peripartum complications, and fetal outcomes between women with no previous CS and those with previous CS were analyzed using t test or chi-square test wherever appropriate. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 90 women with non-adherent placenta were included, 54 women with no previous CS and 36 women with previous CS. Women with previous CS were significantly more likely to experience organ injury (p-value <0.005), transfusion of ≥ 4 units of PRBC (p-value = 0.034), transfusion of FFP (p-value = 0.034), and hysterectomy or other procedure ( B Lynch, Uterine artery ligation) use (p-value <0.005)Conclusion: There is a significant increase in the incidence of maternal morbidities such as hysterectomy, blood transfusion and organ injury in patients with non-adherent PP with previous CS, with no difference in perinatal outcome in the same group of patients.
Tigecycline Successfully Treats One Case of Relapsed Leukemia- Drug-resistant Double Sepsis
Authors: Jie Huang , Han Li Xiao
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNowadays, tigecycline is often used in combination with other antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first documented use tigecycline alone for drug-resistant double sepsis in a patient suffering from leukemia.. The aim of this study is to reduce unnecessary drug combinations associated with tigecycline and use antibiotics reasonably. Case presentationA 29-year-old young man was admitted to the hospital because of "limb right leg, pain for 4 years, fever, blood in the stool, and sudden disturbance of consciousness for 1 week". The patient was a relapsed patient with advanced acute leukemia, with severe perianal infection and neutrophil deficiency. At the same time, blood culture suggested Acinetobacter luffi (Imipenem resistance) and Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin resistance). Tigecycline is used alone, and conventional doses are used to achieve the effect of curing double sepsis experience..ConclusionsGenerally speaking, tigecycline is a bacteriostatic agent, doctors are used to a combination of Tigecycline and other antibiotics in fighting infections.In this case, tigecycline is used alone, and conventional doses are used to achieve the effect of curing double sepsis experience. This medical record adds to the doctor,s experience with the use of tigecycline.
Positive Pattern Recognition System Using Alanine Aminotransferase, TypeIV Collagen 7S and E Value (Liver Stiffness) for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Based on Natural History
Authors: Tsujisaki Masayuki , Sasaki Shigeru , Akutsu Noriyuki , Takamura Takenori , Igarashi Tetsuyuki , Yoshimoto Mitsuru , Itoh Hideto , Kurihara Yoshio , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

Background: A simple diagnostic system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) instead of a biopsy is expected.　We investigated the possibility of a positive pattern recognition system for evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and the stages of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: 68 Japanese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled. Serological biomarkers and markers obtained by medical imaging were investigated to explore candidates for diagnostic system. After selected markers were statistically evaluated, every patient was distributed in pattern combinations.Results: We selected three markers based on natural history and decided the critical values: alanine aminotransferase/ALT (persistent ≧ 45 IU/L) as hepatitis marker, type Ⅳ collagen 7S (≧ 5.1 ng/ml) as fibrosis one and E value (≧5.5 kPa) as stiffness one. After we statistically evaluated their accuracies, every patient was classified into their combination patterns. Major patterns were limited to four. Comparing relationships between histological classifications and positive patterns , the patients with NAFL were mainly distributed in pattern (ALT, type Ⅳ collagen , E value : -, -, -), those with NASH stage 0-1 in (+, -, +), those with NASH stage 2-3 in (+, +, +), and those with NASH stage 4 in (-, +, +).Conclusion: The positive patters changed with NAFL and NASH conditions. Our results showed a correlation between the positive patterns using three markers and histological results. Positive pattern recognition system based on natural history is useful in a differential diagnosis of NAFLD and for evaluation of the severity of fibrosis in patients with NASH.
To conform or not to conform? Legal norms and human behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Delmastro Marco
Published: December 2020

Efficacy is one of the essential elements of laws and norms. In this paper I focus on the so-called “primary efficacy of legal norms, by measuring the level of compliance of citizens with norms introduced to counter the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this analysis is carried out on Italy which was the first western democracy to face the pandemic and its effects. However, the norms considered take on a more general significance, since they mostly derive from the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and were introduced widespread. To gather relevant data on citizens compliance with the norms, geographical factors, psychological characteristics and (mis)information consumption choices, we adopt a multidisciplinary perspective combining a traditional consumer survey with an experiment design focused on individual mood and perceptions. The results of the analysis allow to evaluate the expected short- and long-term effects of the norms, both with reference to those posed to combat the pandemic, and to social norms more generally.
Biomolecular Imaging of Colorectal Tumor Lesion Using FITC Labeled scFv-Cκ Fragment Antibody
Authors: Kim Hyung il , Kim Jinhyeon , Kim Hyori , Yoon Yong Sik , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong-Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Yang Suk-Kyun , Kim Sun Young , Myung Seung-Jae , Lee Hyeri
Published: December 2020

For the sensitive diagnosis of colorectal cancer lesions, advanced molecular imaging techniques using cancer-specific targets were emerged. However, issues for the clearance of unbound probes and immunogenicity remain unresolved. To overcome these limitations, we developed a small sized antibody fragment conjugated with FITC for the real-time detection of colorectal cancer by in vivo molecular endoscopy imaging. A small-sized scFv fragment targets colon cancer secreted protein-2 (CCSP-2), highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue, and its full-length IgG probe has subjected to study for molecular imaging previously. To assess the advanced efficacy of anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC, surgical specimens were obtained from 21 patients with colorectal cancer for ex vivo molecular fluorescence analysis, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic mice were administered with anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC topically and intravenously, and distinct tumor lesions were observed by real-time fluorescence colonoscopy. The fluorescence imaging of human colon cancer specimens allowed the distinction of malignant tissues from non-malignant tissues (p < 0.05), and the CCSP-2 expression level was found to be correlated with the fluorescence intensity. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC for molecular imaging as well as its potential in real-time fluorescence colonoscopy for the differential diagnosis of tumor lesions.
Quantitative MRI Measurement of Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration after Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Kim Jung Youn , Zhong Zhuan , Lee Ho Won , Noh Kyu-Cheol
Published: December 2020

Background: It is not yet clear whether muscle atrophy and fat degeneration have improved after successful arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Therefore, in this study, the quantitative MRI measurement was performed to evaluate the changes of muscle atrophy and fat degeneration before and after surgery more accurately and to analyze the correlation between changes in muscle atrophy and fat degeneration and clinical outcome.Materials and Methods: From March 2013 to March 2017, 40 patients who had no retear up to 1 year after rotator cuff repair were taken before surgery, 3 days after surgery, and 1 year after surgery. Supraspinatus muscle atrophy and fat infiltration were measured quantitatively in Conventional Y view and Supraspinatus origin view. The measurement items were muscle area , occupation ratio, degree of fat degeneration (%) and area of fat degeneration (㎣). Postoperative clinical results were measured by ASES score and Constant score at 1 year. Correlation between values and scores was analyzed. Results: Inter-measurement reliability was high (ICC = 0.933, Cronbach-α = 0.963). There was no significant change in muscle atrophy in Conventional Y-view at 1 year after surgery (Occupation ratio:P = 0.2770; Muscle area(㎣) P = 0.3049) and muscle atrophy in Supraspinatus origin view(Muscle area(㎣) P = 0.5953). Fatty Infiltration (%) and fat area (㎣) measured with conventional method on Y-view and showed significant difference (P = 0.0001). Fatty Infiltration (%) and fat area (㎣) measured with modify method on Y-view and SOV-view showed no significant difference (all P ＞0.05). Postoperative constant score and ASES showed significant improvement compared to preoperative (P = 0.0001), but there was no correlation between fat infiltration and muscle atrophy. (P = 0.653) Conclusion: Clinical outcome (ASES, Constant score) was significantly improved after rotator cuff repair surgery. Clinical outcome (ASES, Constant score) does not have correlation with FI & MA. Muscle Atrophy does not have change 1-year after surgery. Fatty Infiltration was improved in Y-view measured by conventional method. Keywords: Fatty infiltration, Muscle atrophy, Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, Supraspinatus origin view, Y-view
Research on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B: From T lymphocyte to HMGB1-PTEN Pathway
Authors: Li Xia , Liu Chao , Li Gui-Yu , Mu Jie , Xie Lu-Shuang , Feng Quan-Sheng , Jiang Cen
Published: December 2020

Background: Viral hepatitis is still a major health problem in the world, such as chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) easily causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma that seriously endanger human health. However, the cellar and molecular pathology of hepatitis B virus is still unclear. Currently, the level of immunity and the inflammatory response are recognized as close relationship with the prognosis of CHB. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 36 CHB patients and 14 healthy volunteers as control subjects in this study. We studied the change of T lymphocytes and the proteins levels of HMGB1-PTEN pathway in the CHB patients and the healthy controls by Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), and then further analyzed the correlation between T lymphocytes and HMGB1-PTEN pathway by constructing multiple regression equation and Pearson test. Results: The percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T cells in CHB patients were lower than those of the healthy controls, and the percentages of Th17, Treg, ratio of Th17/Treg and Tfh cells in CHB patients were higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0.01). HMGB1, PI3K, PDK1, Akt proteins in CHB patients were higher than healthy people (P<0.01). Furthermore, HMGB1-PTEN pathway proteins were negatively correlated with CD4+T, CD8+T cells, and positively correlated with Th17, Treg cells. Conclusions: Long term HBV infection could lead to decrease of immune function and activation of inflammatory response, which makes it difficult to cure chronic hepatitis B.