bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building ‘Bonds’ and ‘Bridges’: Linking Tie Evolution and Network Identity in the Creative Industries
Authors: Daskalaki Maria
Published: December 2010

This paper presents a discussion of network identity in relation to the processes of network transformation in the creative industries. Employing the case of semi-permanent work patterns prevalent in creative projects, the paper suggests that repeated collaborations across projects result in volatile cultural and structural relations among network members. Transformations in patterns of relating are linked with shifts in network identity and members’ perceived creative potential. Future work could empirically test whether an optimal mix or a pattern of affective bonding and anti-conformist bridging could be linked to creative potential in semi-permanent work teams.
Temporary Derailment or the End of the Line? Managers Coping with Unemployment at 50
Authors: Gabriel Yiannis , Gray David E. , Goregaokar Harshita
Published: December 2010

Based on fieldwork conducted at the outset of the 2008 economic downturn, this paper examines the experiences of a group of unemployed managers and professionals in their fifties. Following a review of existing literature, the authors use a narrative methodology to explore how these people incorporate the experience of job loss into their self-images and identities. They identify certain core similarities in the experiences of unemployed professionals and then discern three narrative strategies through which unemployed professionals tried to make sense of their dismissal and sustain their sense of selfhood. The term ‘narrative coping’ is proposed as a way of describing each unemployed professional’s struggle to construct a story that offers both meaning and consolation. The study reveals that individuals expressing the most profound despair (those for whom job loss was the ‘end of the line’) were those whose stories had achieved ‘closure’. By contrast, most of those who maintained more open-ended narratives were better able to contain their emotions, either by holding on to the belief that unemployment was a temporary career aberration or by abandoning the idea that life is the same as career and by moving on to a new stage of experimentation and bricolage akin to an identity moratorium.
Deep Neck Infections of Congenital Causes
Authors: Nour Yasser Ahmed , Hassan Mohamed Hesham , Gaafar Alaa , Eldaly Ahmed
Published: December 2010

Objectives

To review cases of deep neck infections with underlying congenital etiology with special emphasis on their clinical presentations and the computed tomographic findings and to discuss the various therapeutic modalities employed for such lesions.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Settings

Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt.

Subjects and Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical, imaging, and operative records of deep neck infection cases presented to their department in the past 10 years. Deep neck infection cases due to congenital causes were included in the study.

Results

Of the 249 cases of deep neck infections admitted to the authors’ department in the past 10 years, 39 patients were diagnosed with deep neck infections due to congenital causes. Patients were classified into 2 groups. In group 1 (29 patients), computed tomography revealed the presence of infected cystic swelling in the neck that was classified as second branchial cyst (16 patients), third and fourth branchial cysts (8 patients), and thyroglossal cyst (5 patients). Group 2 (10 patients) presented with recurrent attacks of deep neck infection with a history of incision and drainage several times. Radiological and operative findings revealed the presence of congenital pyriform fossa sinus.

Conclusion

Computed tomography is helpful in diagnosing infected congenital cysts and its types. Infected congenital cysts could be excised completely under an umbrella of antibiotics. Recurrence of deep neck infections should alert the physician to the possibility of underlying congenital lesions. Thorough clinical and radiological assessment is mandatory to rule out the possibility of a congenital pyriform fossa sinus.
Increased cerebral blood flow velocities assessed by transcranial Doppler examination is associated with complement activation after cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Baufreton C. , Pinaud F. , Corbeau JJ , Chevailler A. , Jolivot D. , Ter Minassian A. , Henrion D. , de Brux JL
Published: December 2010

The role of complement activation on the cerebral vasculature after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is unclear. The goal of the study was to assess whether heparin-coated CPB reduces complement activation, and influences cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV). Twenty-four patients undergoing coronary surgery were randomly allocated to non-coated (NC-group) or heparin-coated (HC-group) CPB. Complement activation was assessed by measuring sC5b-9. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was performed on middle cerebral arteries before and after CPB. Systolic (SV), diastolic (DV) and mean (MV) CBFV were measured. Significant increase of sC5b-9 (p=0.003) was observed in the NC-group and CBFV increased after CPB (SV by 27%, p=0.05; DV by 40%, p=0.06; MV by 33%, p=0.04) whereas no changes were detected in the HC-group. TCD values were higher in the NC-group than in the HC-group (SV, p=0.04; DV, p=0.03; MV, p=0.03) although cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, haematocrit and pCO2 were similar. Postoperative SV, DV and MV were significantly correlated with sC5b-9 (r=0.583, p=0.009; r=0.581, p=0.009; r=0.598, p=0.007, respectively). Increased CBFV after CPB are correlated to the level of complement activation and may be controlled by heparin-coated circuits.
Using cerebral oximetry to prevent adverse outcomes during cardiac surgery
Authors: Faulkner JT , Hartley M. , Tang A.
Published: December 2010

We report a case of reduced cerebral oxygenation which had the possibility of leading to an adverse outcome if it had not been detected by the routine use of cerebral oximetry. This case study illustrates that an inadvertent re-adjustment of a single-stage venous cannula within the superior vena cava resulted only in the cerebral oximetry device alerting to a potential problem. All other monitoring devices remained within standard operating parameters, with no deviation throughout the duration of the incident.
BI 44370 TA, an oral CGRP antagonist for the treatment of acute migraine attacks: Results from a phase II study
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Barbanti Piero , Dahlöf Carl , Reuter Uwe , Habeck Julia , Podhorna Jana
Published: December 2010

Methods: Four hundred and sixty-one adult subjects with migraine were randomised to one of five treatments, the oral antagonist at the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor BI 44370 TA (50 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg), active comparator eletriptan 40 mg or placebo. The analysis included 341 subjects who took study medication.

Results: The primary endpoint, pain-free after two hours, was reached by significantly more subjects in the BI 44370 TA 400 mg (20/73 = 27.4%) and eletriptan 40 mg (24/69 = 34.8%) groups compared to placebo (6/70 = 8.6%, p = .0016), but not by subjects in the BI 44370 TA 200 mg group (14/65 = 21.5%). The effect of 50 mg BI 44370 TA (5/64 = 7.8%) was similar to that of placebo. Analysis of secondary endpoints supported the conclusion from the primary analysis. The frequency of adverse events was low in all groups.

Conclusion: Efficacy of BI 44370 TA was shown in a dose-dependent manner in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.
Multimodal neuroimaging in a child with sporadic hemiplegic migraine: A contribution to understanding pathogenesis
Authors: Toldo Irene , Cecchin Diego , Sartori Stefano , Calderone Milena , Mardari Rodica , Cattelan Francesca , Laverda Anna Maria , Drigo Paola , Battistella Pier Antonio
Published: December 2010

Background: Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare variety of migraine with aura, characterized by motor deficits during the aura, often beginning in childhood. The hemiplegic attacks can be severe and prolonged but the prognosis is usually good. Data on neuroimaging, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and spectroscopy, during prolonged attacks of HM are quite limited, particularly in children.

Case: An eight-year-old female had a prolonged attack of sporadic HM characterized by right-sided hemiplegia, global aphasia, fever and impairment of consciousness. MRI nine hours after hemiplegia onset was negative, while the following MRI scans (days 4 and 11) documented a progressive increase in cortical swelling in the left hemisphere with mild hyperintensity on DWI and mild reduction of apparent diffusion coefficient values. Proton MRI spectroscopy (MRS) (day 15) showed a decrease in the N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in the left hemisphere. 99mTc-ECD single-photon emission tomography (SPET) (day 27) showed marked left hemispheric hypoperfusion. The patient recovered completely after 40 days and neuroimaging follow-up (MRI and SPET) after six months was normal. The patient carried a missense mutation of the ATP1A2 gene.

Conclusion: Multimodal neuroimaging (MRI, DWI, MRS, SPET) in a prolonged HM attack supports evidence for a primary neuronal dysfunction.
Arthroscopically Pertinent Landmarks for Tunnel Positioning in Single-Bundle and Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions
Authors: Ziegler Connor G. , Pietrini Sean D. , Westerhaus Benjamin D. , Anderson Colin J. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Johansen Steinar , Engebretsen Lars , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: December 2010

Background: Quantification of the overall anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundle centers in respect to arthroscopically pertinent bony and soft tissue landmarks has not been thoroughly assessed.

Hypothesis: A standardized anatomical measurement method can quantitate the locations of the ACL and AM and PL bundle centers in reference to each other and anatomical landmarks.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods: Quantification of the ACL and its bundle attachments was performed on 11 cadaveric knees using a radio frequency-tracking device.

Results: The tibial ACL attachment center was 7.5 mm medial to the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus, 13.0 mm anterior to the retro-eminence ridge, and 10.5 mm posterior to the ACL ridge. The femoral ACL attachment center was 1.7 mm proximal to the bifurcate ridge and 6.1 mm posterior to the lateral intercondylar ridge. The tibial AM attachment center was 8.3 mm medial to the anteromedial aspect of the lateral meniscus anterior horn, 17.8 mm anterior to the retro-eminence ridge, and 5.6 mm posterior to the ACL ridge. The femoral AM attachment center was 4.8 mm proximal to the bifurcate ridge and 7.1 mm posterior to the lateral intercondylar ridge. The tibial PL bundle attachment center was 6.6 mm medial to the posteromedial aspect of the lateral meniscus anterior horn, 10.8 mm anteromedial to the root attachment of the lateral meniscus posterior horn, and 8.4 mm anterior to the retro-eminence ridge. The femoral PL bundle attachment center was 5.2 mm distal to the bifurcate ridge and 3.6 mm posterior to the lateral intercondylar ridge.

Conclusion: The authors developed a comprehensive compilation of measurements of arthroscopically pertinent bony and soft tissue landmarks that quantitate the ACL and its individual bundle attachment centers on the tibia and femur.

Clinical Relevance: These clinically relevant arthroscopic landmarks may enhance single- and double-bundle ACL reconstructions through improved tunnel placement.
Effect of Tibial Tunnel Position on Stability of the Knee After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bedi Asheesh , Maak Travis , Musahl Volker , Citak Musa , O’Loughlin Padhraig F. , Choi Daniel , Pearle Andrew D.
Published: December 2010

Background: Minimal attention has been directed toward tibial tunnel position and the native tibial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) footprint.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of tibial tunnel position on restoration of knee kinematics and stability after ACL reconstruction.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Ten paired cadaveric knees were subjected to biomechanical testing (standardized Lachman and mechanized pivot-shift examination). With each maneuver, a computer-assisted navigation system recorded the 3-dimensional motion path of a tracked point at the center of the tibia, medial tibial plateau, and lateral tibial plateau. The testing protocol consisted of evaluation in the intact state and after complete ACL transection, after ACL transection with bilateral meniscectomy, and after ACL reconstruction using 3 tibial tunnel positions—over the top (OTT), anterior footprint (AT), and posterior footprint (PT)—with a standard femoral socket placed in the center of the femoral footprint. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with a post hoc Tukey test compared measured translations with each condition.

Results: A significant difference in anterior translation was seen with Lachman examination between the ACL-deficient condition and both the OTT and AT reconstructions, but no significant difference was observed between the ACL-deficient and PT reconstruction. The OTT and AT constructs were significantly better in limiting anterior translation of the lateral compartment compared with the PT ACL reconstruction during a pivot-shift maneuver in the ACL- and meniscal-deficient knee. However, anteriorizing the tibial position was accompanied by a correspondingly greater risk and magnitude of graft impingement in extension.

Clinical Relevance: The OTT and anterior tibial tunnel positions better control the Lachman and the pivot shift compared with an ACL graft placed in the posterior aspect of the tibial footprint. However, an anterior tibial tunnel position must be balanced against an increased risk and magnitude of graft impingement in extension.
“They’ve Walked in My Shoes”: Mothers of Very Low Birth Weight Infants and Their Experiences With Breastfeeding Peer Counselors in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rossman Beverly , Engstrom Janet L. , Meier Paula P. , Vonderheid Susan C. , Norr Kathleen F. , Hill Pamela D.
Published: December 2010

The effectiveness of the breastfeeding peer counselor role is thought to be embedded in the relationship between new and experienced mothers. In this study, new mothers of very low birth weight infants emphasized that one of the most important aspects of their relationship with the breastfeeding peer counselors is the peer or shared experience of how difficult it can be to provide milk and breastfeed while coping with the emotional stress of having an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit. This study provides evidence for the promotion and facilitation of lactation for mothers of neonatal intensive care unit infants through the use of breastfeeding peer counselors who are peers by virtue of the shared experience of providing milk for an infant hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.
College Students With ADHD
Authors: Dipeolu Abiola O.
Published: December 2010

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the second most endorsed disability among college populations today, totaling approximately 11%. ADHD causes significant problems in education and social and occupational functioning of college students as well as in their postcollege work environment. Although the literature is replete with information guiding service providers working with students in other areas, very few studies exists to help career counselors who work with college students with ADHD. This article attempts to fill the gap by highlighting (a) college and postcollege work implications of ADHD characteristics and (b) effective interventions that counselors can implement to buttress the career planning process and postcollege occupational success for students with ADHD.
Can We Reduce the Cost of Illness With More Compliant Patients? An Estimation of the Effect of 100% Compliance With Hypertension Treatment
Authors: Koçkaya Güvenç , Wertheimer Albert
Published: December 2010

Introduction: The current study was designed to calculate the direct cost of noncompliance of hypertensive patients to the US health system. Understanding these expenses can inform screening and education budget policy regarding expenditure levels that can be calculated to be cost-beneficial. Method: The study was conducted in 3 parts. First, a computer search of National Institutes of Health Web sites and professional society Web sites for organizations with members that treat hypertension, and a PubMed search were performed to obtain the numbers required for calculations. Second, formulas were developed to estimate the risk of noncompliance and undiagnosed hypertension. Third, risk calculations were performed using the information obtained in part 1 and the formulas developed in part 2. Results: Direct risk reduction for stroke caused by hypertension, heart attack, kidney disease, and heart disease was calculated for a 100% compliant strategy. Risk, case, and cost reduction for a 100% compliant strategy for hypertension were 32%, 8.5 million and US$ 72 billion, respectively. Discussion: Our analysis means that the society can spend up to the cost of noncompliance in screening, education, and prevention efforts in an attempt to reduce these costly and traumatic sequelae of poorly controlled hypertension in the light of published analysis.
Protective effects of selenium on methimazole-induced anemia and oxidative stress in adult rats and their offspring
Authors: Amara Ibtissem Ben , Hakim Ahmed , Troudi Afef , Soudani Nejla , Makni Fatma Ayadi , Zeghal Khaled Mounir , Zeghal Najiba
Published: December 2010

The present study investigates the potential ability of selenium, considered as an antioxidant with pharmacological property to alleviate oxidative stress and hematological parameter disorders induced by methimazole, an antithyroid drug. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each: group I served as negative control and received a standard diet; group II received 250 mg/L of methimazole in drinking water and a standard diet; group III received both methimazole (250 mg/L, orally) and selenium (0.5 mg/kg of diet) supplemented to the standard diet; group IV served as positive control and received a supplement of selenium in the diet (0.5 mg/kg of diet) as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Treatment was started from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Methimazole reduced the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in mothers and their pups. Besides, plasma iron, vitamins B9, B12, C and E levels were reduced. Lipid peroxidation increased, objectified by high malondialdehyde levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity in plasma, while glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities showed a significant decline. Co-administration of selenium through diet improved all the parameters cited above. It can be concluded that the administration of selenium alleviates methimazole-induced toxicity, thus demonstrating its antioxidant efficacy.
A Growth Status Measurement Pilot in Four Calgary Area Schools
Authors: Johnston J. Cyne T. , McNeil Deborah A. , Best Maureen , MacLeod Cheryl
Published: December 2010

Reliable measures of growth in children are necessary for planning and evaluating obesity prevention programs. Currently, measured growth data are unavailable in Calgary for school-age children. This single sample, cross-sectional study included Grade 5 students and their parents. Height and weight measurements of 305 students (68% of those eligible) were taken in private in June 2007 and converted to Body Mass Index (BMI) categories. All but one student (99.7%) completed a questionnaire assessing perceptions of the measurement process. Parents received their child’s growth data, an information package on healthy eating and active living, additional resources, and a questionnaire. A third of parents completed the questionnaire. Most students (94.1%) reported feeling “OK” or “Happy” about being measured. In addition, 93.2% of parents reported having “Low” or “Neutral” concerns about the measurement. Furthermore, 28.1% of responding parents reported seeking additional resources or considered making a lifestyle change for their family following the pilot. Measurement of students completed in private by nurses was acceptable to participants.
Spoilage of Sous Vide Cooked Salmon (Salmo salar) Stored Under Refrigeration
Authors: Díaz P. , Garrido M.D. , Bañón S.
Published: December 2010

The spoilage of Sous Vide ‘SV’ cooked salmon stored under refrigeration was studied. Samples were packaged under vacuum in polyamide—polypropylene pouches, cooked at an oven temperature/time of 80 °C/45 min, quickly chilled at 3 °C and stored at 2 °C for 0, 5 or 10 weeks for catering use. Microbial (aerobic and anaerobic psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts and Enterobacteriaceae), physical—chemical (pH, water activity, TBARS, acidity, L*a*b* color, texture profile analysis and shear force) and sensory (appearance, odor, flavor, texture and overall quality) parameters were determined. SV processing prevented the growth of aerobic and anaerobic psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts and Enterobacteriaceae. There were no relevant changes in pH, water activity, TBARS, CIELab color associated with cooked salmon spoilage. Instrumental texture data were contradictory. Slight decrease in lactic acid levels was found. In contrast, the SV cooked salmon suffered considerable sensory deterioration during its refrigerated storage, consisting of severe losses of cooked salmon odor and flavor, slight rancidity, discoloration associated with white precipitation, and moderates softness, and loss of chewiness and juiciness. No acidification, putrefaction or relevant rancidity was detected. The sensory spoilage preceded microbiological and physical—chemical spoilage, suggesting that microbiological quality alone may overestimate the shelf life of SV cooked salmon.
The Child’s Experience of ADHD
Authors: Sciberras Emma , Efron Daryl , Iser Alina
Published: December 2010

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the agreement between parent- and child-reported quality of life (QoL) and the self-perceptions of children with ADHD. Method: A cross-sectional survey of school-aged children with ADHD and their parents was undertaken. Results: Parents reported their child’s QoL as lower than the children rated themselves in most QoL domains. Children reporting higher QoL than their parents had higher self-worth, than children who reported lower QoL. There was no difference in ADHD or oppositional symptoms or child age for children reporting higher versus lower QoL than their parents. Children reported experiencing ADHD symptoms and positive aspects in taking stimulant medication. Conclusion: It is important to elicit the report of both parents and children for understanding the functional impairment of children with ADHD. Children who report lower child QoL than their parents have lower overall self-worth; these children may be at risk for developing internalizing difficulties.
Association of Parental ADHD and Depression With Externalizing and Internalizing Dimensions of Child Psychopathology
Authors: Humphreys Kathryn L. , Mehta Natasha , Lee Steve S.
Published: December 2010

Objective: To study the independent association of parental depression and ADHD on three dimensions of child psychopathology among 178 children aged 5 to 10 years. Method: Self-reported measures of parental depression and ADHD as well as rating scales and structure diagnostic interviews of child internalizing, ADHD, and externalizing problems were obtained. Results: Structural equation modeling indicated that parental ADHD was positively associated with a broad child problems factor after a second-order factor of child problems best accounted for the high intercorrelations among the internalizing, ADHD, and externalizing child psychopathology factors. Parental depression did not significantly predict the second-order child problems factor, but it specifically predicted the child internalizing factor. Conclusion: These results suggest that parental ADHD may be a nonspecific risk factor for child psychopathology broadly, whereas parental depression may function as a specific risk factor for child internalizing problems.
Incidence and Substitution in Enterprise Zone Programs: The Case of Colorado
Authors: Lynch Devon , Zax Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2010

Among 53,334 urban Colorado establishments, geographic information systems (GIS) techniques identify those that are and are not in enterprise zones (EZs). EZs have no effect on payroll per worker. Therefore, subsidy incidence is not on labor. Urban EZs do not increase employment per establishment, implying that subsidies induce net substitution effects for capital that counteract scale effects on labor. Rural EZs increase employment in the smallest of 13,278 establishments, implying that capital is less substitutable for labor with rural production functions and subsidy mixes. Employment effects differ across EZs. Equilibrium incidence of subsidies is probably on immobile factors such as commercial real estate.
The Effect of Location-Based Tax Incentives on Establishment Location and Employment across Industry Sectors
Authors: Hanson Andrew , Rohlin Shawn
Published: December 2010

This article examines the potential for location-based employment tax incentives to have a differential effect on establishment location and employment across industry sectors. The authors model the differential effect of the location-based federal Empowerment Zone (EZ) wage tax credit on equilibrium labor and total cost savings across industry sectors. The model guides the empirical work, as the authors test the effect of the program across industry sectors. The empirical analysis shows that location-based tax incentives have a positive effect on firm location in some of the industries their model predicts and a negative effect in industries that could be crowded out.
Dynamics of Destination Development
Authors: McLennan Char-lee , Ruhanen Lisa , Ritchie Brent , Pham Tien
Published: December 2010

In many countries, tourism has emerged to become an important economic sector, often replacing traditional industries such as agriculture. This process of change, whereby an economy restructures over time from one economic sector to another as a result of institutional change, has been termed transformation. Transformation as a result of tourism activity has been observed and studied within the literature, but the body of work is not well synthesized and there are definitional issues. In particular, few researchers have addressed the process of tourism transformation, specifically the dynamic interaction between structure and institutions. This lack of research foci has limited the development of long-run decision-making tools available to governments, resulting in difficulties when developing policies for tourism destination development. This article investigates this gap by synthesizing the tourism transformation literature to develop a theoretical framework to support future transformation research in a tourism context. The theoretical framework is based on four dimensions of transformation theory: time, space, structure, and institutions.
Buyer strategizing in continuously recreated markets: Loyalty, deviance and defection
Authors: Curchod Corentin
Published: December 2010

This article examines the daily strategizing of buyers, taking the dyad to be the elementary unit of analysis in market dynamics. The ideas are revisited that dyadic market relationships converge towards loyalty (Kirman and Vriend), and that markets tend towards social or institutional stabilization over time (Zuckerman). The phenomenon investigated is that although individuals strategize in each dyad in non-conformist ways, the stability of the market is nevertheless preserved. The empirical setting for these investigations was the Paris-Rungis market in France, one of the world’s largest wholesale markets for fresh products. Data collected through observations and interviews were coded, and a theoretical model was built on the analysis of these data. Among the main findings are that buyers’ recurrent deviance from dyadic rules maintains some level of instability, and that both sellers and market regulators exert opposing forces towards market restabilization through different modes of action.
Segmentation and temporal structuring of events in early Spanish-Swedish bilinguals
Authors: Bylund Emanuel
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study is to examine patterns of segmentation and temporal structuring of events in early bilinguals. The participant group consists of 25 L1 Spanish — L2 Swedish adult bilinguals residing in Sweden, with ages of L2 acquisition ranging from 1 to 11 years. There were 15 native speakers of Swedish and 15 native speakers of Spanish engaged as monolingual controls. The participants provided online-retellings in both languages of an excerpt from the film Modern Times. The bilinguals’ L1 and L2 retellings were compared with those of the monolingual speakers of the respective languages. The results indicated that the bilinguals resorted to the same event segmentation strategies in both L1 and L2, opting for an intermediate degree of event resolution. This behavior fell in between the monolingual Spanish high degree of resolution and the monolingual Swedish low degree of resolution. As for temporal structuring patterns, the results showed that the bilinguals in their L2 converged with the Swedish monolingual controls, linking the events by means of anaphoric adverbials (i.e., ‘ x then y’). The bilinguals also converged with the Spanish-speaking controls in their L1 perspectivation patterns, as both groups left the temporal relation between the events to be inferred and focused on ongoingness (i.e., now x, now y). These findings are discussed in terms of convergence and co-existence of conceptual patterns (Pavlenko, 1999, 2008).
Negotiating the Past in the Present: Italian Prehistory, Civic Museums, and Curatorial Practice in Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Authors: Cova Elisabetta
Published: December 2010

The latter half of the nineteenth century witnessed the establishment of prehistoric archaeology as a scientific discipline in Italy, as well as the founding of the Italian nation state. Evolutionism, positivism, and a sense of national identity informed prehistoric research and the activities of individuals, such as Strobel, Pigorini, and Chierici, who are regarded today as the founding fathers of Italian prehistory. It is in this dynamic cultural and political climate that the civic museums of Reggio Emilia, Modena, and Bologna were created, both as a response to intense local archaeological activity and in reaction to the centralizing structure of the newly formed kingdom of Italy. These civic museums were among the first museums of prehistory in Italy and the products of the cultural and political climate of late nineteenth-century Europe. This article explores the circumstances surrounding the foundation of these museums and considers how the work of the first prehistorians and the museums' own histories, as civic and cultural institutions, continues to affect their role and management in the present.
Discourses of Nature Conservation and Heritage Management in the Past, Present and Future: Discussing Heritage and Sustainable Development from Swedish Experiences
Authors: Skoglund Peter , Svensson Eva
Published: December 2010

The relationship between heritage management and nature conservation in Sweden has changed over time, from an earlier division between the two sectors – with nature conservation attached to the growing movement of environmental politics – towards more integrated ways of working under the umbrella of sustainable development. As forests have been associated with nature, the earlier divide has been more evident with forested areas than agricultural areas, a view that has contributed to the marginalization of such landscapes and their inhabitants. With the more integrated policy, heritage management is drawn into the societal discourse of ecological modernization, where environmental and sustainability issues have become new business ideas and sources of further economic growth. From an ecological modernization perspective, nature and cultural heritage are today (touristic) commodities, enforcing the power of the urban world over the rural world and thus risk contributing to further marginalization of the inhabitants. However, heritage sites appear to function as boundary objects in local communities, and may thus function as meeting places and sources of enhancement of community pride. Therefore, we argue for community participation and public communication within the heritage sector, especially concerning marginalized, forested landscapes in order to contribute to an increased knowledge and understanding of the local heritage and history, thus opening the way for creative local processes.
Flourishing of the self while caregiving for a person with Dementia: A case study of education, counseling, and psychosocial support via email
Authors: Sabat Steven R.
Published: December 2010

In this qualitative, longitudinal case study, spanning close to three years, the dynamic experience of a spousal caregiver of a man diagnosed with dementia is examined. Frequent email communication constituted the main source of education, counseling and psychosocial support provided to the caregiver who, initially, experienced feelings of helplessness, frustration, low self-esteem and great stress. During the years of this ongoing study, she experienced a flourishing of the self, despite the fact that her husband was placed in a nursing home approximately seven months after our association began. Critical aspects of her evolving experience included her developing an understanding of her husband’s intact memory making abilities and selfhood, his subjective experience and point of view, effective communication strategies, and her desire to enhance his quality of life in the nursing home. Her experience is discussed in terms of Social Construction Theory and the idea of Locus of Control (LOC).
Latino Access to Community Colleges and Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A National Study
Authors: Núñez Anne-Marie , Johnelle Sparks P. , Hernández Eliza A.
Published: December 2010

This article examines the factors that affect Latinos’ enrollment in community colleges that are Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs). Compared with community colleges that are not HSIs, HSI community colleges are serving students at greater risk for not completing college. Latinos who are enrolled in community college HSIs, compared with their counterparts not in HSIs, are more likely to be first-generation college-going, male, and older. They also have higher high school grade point averages and higher educational expectations.
Latina/o Student Achievement: A Collaborative Mission of Professional Associations of Higher Education
Authors: Arredondo Patricia , Castillo Linda G.
Published: December 2010

Latina/o student achievement is a priority for the American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education (AAHHE). To date, AAHHE has worked deliberately on this agenda. However, well-established higher education associations such as the Association of American Universities (AAU) and the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) are in a position to work collaboratively with AAHHE to address the Latina/o educational achievement gap. Using a model of scholarly engagement, we propose a framework and recommendations on how AAU and APLU institutions can work in collaboration with community stakeholders to improving Latina/o student success.
Social Control Theory and School Misbehavior: Examining the Role of Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Peguero Anthony A. , Popp Ann Marie , Latimore T. Lorraine , Shekarkhar Zahra , Koo Dixie J.
Published: December 2010

Social control theory has been successfully utilized to investigate and explain school misbehavior; however, only a few studies have focused on the complex role of race and ethnicity. With a diverse and growing racial and ethnic minority population, exploring whether race and ethnicity moderate the relationship between social control theory and school misbehavior is warranted. This study utilizes data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, a nationally representative sample of 10th-grade students, to examine whether the relationship between social control theory and school misbehavior varies by race and ethnicity. The findings suggest that the relationship between elements of the social bond and school misbehavior varies across racial and ethnic groups. This study discusses the importance of focusing on race and ethnicity in criminological research as the United States becomes increasingly diverse.
Electronic Person Perception
Authors: McAndrew Francis T. , De Jonge Chelsea Rae
Published: December 2010

Previous studies of blogging and e-mail correspondence have focused on how writers express personality traits and emotion in their writing. This study complements these earlier studies by focusing on how these messages are perceived by others. A total of 166 undergraduate students made judgments about the senders of e-mails in which the person (first vs. third) that the message was written in was manipulated along with the presence or absence of expressive punctuation and typographical errors. Messages written in the third person were perceived as angrier and more likely to be written by someone in a supervisory relationship with the recipient of the e-mail, and the presence or absence of question marks and/or exclamation points was a strong determinant of the judgments that were made about the sender’s emotional state and relationship with the recipient. Messages with a high frequency of expressive punctuation were also more likely to be perceived as having been written by a female. The results suggest that stylistic features of e-mail messages may be an overlooked but influential component of people’s reactions to the electronic discourse that they have with others.
Umbilical Endometriosis
Authors: Ciobanu Sabina , Aipersbach Sven
Published: December 2010

Endometriosis is a common clinical disorder in which endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus. Although it is most commonly confined to the pelvis, it can present extra-pelvic. This case highlights one of the unusual locations of extra-pelvic endometriosis, the umbilical area, and the importance of including it in a differential diagnosis of any umbilical mass. When found at the umbilicus, sonographers should consider examining the pelvis for endometriomata and the abdomen and pelvis for any underlying malignancies.
Crime is in the Eye of the Beholder: Petr Petrovich Luzhin as a Distorting “Puddle-Mirror” in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment
Authors: Kostetskaya Anastasia G
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study demonstrates how conceptualizations ingrained in our linguistic consciousness help us realize the full semantics that an author com municates to his reader through a “speaking name”; this kind of name, together with the character's behavioral profile create a multidimensional psychological portrait.The examples are taken from Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, specifically the “puddle-name” Luzhin. The speaking name of Petr Petrovich Luzhin evokes a number of cognitive conceptualizations that are rooted in human experience, as well as in the history, mythology, and culture of the Russian people and that are in dialogical relationships with the other characters in the novel through their speaking names. The analysis, based on cognitive stylistics and, more specifically, cognitive metaphor theory in the Lakoff tradition, underscores the significance of the cultural water metaphor when applied to the human domain. It also confirms that the “speaking name” is a major device in Dostoevsky's poetics.
Pre-Peace and Post-Peace Referring in Jordanian Journalistic Arabic
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of the Peace Treaty between Jordan and Israel in 1994 on Arabic journalistic language. Jordanian journalistic language is the source of our data. A representative sample was taken from Al-Rai, a major Jordanian daily in the period 1971–1996. Issues were surveyed, looking for shifts in language prior to and following the Peace Treaty between Jordan and Israel. This sample was then contrasted with a recent sample taken from the same daily on October 2009. The findings of this study reveal that the peace process has had a great effect on Arabic journalistic language, especially in the year of its signing. Negative names that were regularly used to refer to Israel at the beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict have gradually disappeared from the Jordanian press giving rise to new positive to neutral names.
Selective induction of endothelial P2Y6 nucleotide receptor promotes vascular inflammation
Authors: Riegel Ann-Kathrin , Faigle Marion , Zug Stephanie , Rosenberger Peter , Robaye Bernard , Boeynaems Jean-Marie , Idzko Marco , Eltzschig Holger K.
Published: December 2010

During a systemic inflammatory response endothelial-expressed surface molecules have been strongly implicated in orchestrating immune responses. Previous studies have shown enhanced extracellular nucleotide release during acute inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that endothelial nucleotide receptors could play a role in vascular inflammation. To address this hypothesis, we performed screening experiments and exposed human microvascular endothelia to inflammatory stimuli, followed by measurements of P2Y or P2X transcriptional responses. These studies showed a selective induction of the P2Y6 receptor (> 4-fold at 24 hours). Moreover, studies that used real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, or immunofluorescence confirmed time- and dose-dependent induction of P2Y6 with tumor necrosis factor α or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro and in vivo. Studies that used MRS 2578 as P2Y6 receptor antagonist showed attenuated nuclear factor κB reporter activity and proinflammatory gene expression in human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, pharmacologic or genetic in vivo studies showed attenuated inflammatory responses in P2Y6−/− mice or after P2Y6 antagonist treatment during LPS-induced vascular inflammation. These studies show an important contribution of P2Y6 signaling in enhancing vascular inflammation during systemic LPS challenge and implicate the P2Y6 receptor as a therapeutic target during systemic inflammatory responses.
Racial Differences in Chronic Immune Stimulatory Conditions and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Veterans From the United States
Authors: Koshiol Jill , Lam Tram Kim , Gridley Gloria , Check David , Brown Linda Morris , Landgren Ola
Published: December 2010

Purpose

To examine underlying etiologic factors that may explain the racial disparity in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) incidence patterns.

Patients and Methods

We assessed immune-related conditions and risk of developing NHL among more than 4 million hospitalized US veterans including 9,496 patients with NHL (7,999 white patients and 1,497 black patients) with up to 26 years of follow-up. We used time-dependent Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for NHL risk among patients with a history of specific autoimmune diseases, infections, and allergies compared with patients without such history, adjusting for attained age, calendar year, race, number of hospital visits, and time between study entry and exit.

Results

Patients with infectious conditions had an increased risk of developing NHL (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.2), particularly for gastrohepatic, genital, and systemic infectious conditions. Patients with autoimmune disease were generally more likely to develop NHL than patients without autoimmune disease, especially for conditions that typically present with detectable autoantibodies with systemic involvement (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.2). Allergies were also associated with increased risk (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.5). Although the risk of NHL was lower for blacks than whites (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.92), blacks had a slightly higher risk of NHL associated with infections than whites (likelihood ratio test, P = .002) and a tendency toward higher risk associated with allergies (likelihood ratio test, P = .05). Risks associated with autoimmune conditions were similar by race (likelihood ratio test, P = .5).

Conclusion

The observed difference in NHL risk by race supports a role for race-related differences in genes regulating immune/inflammatory response.
Quality of Life After Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Survival
Authors: Epplein Meira , Zheng Ying , Zheng Wei , Chen Zhi , Gu Kai , Penson David , Lu Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou
Published: December 2010

Purpose

To examine the association of quality of life (QOL) after diagnosis of breast cancer with mortality and recurrence.

Patients and Methods

From 2002 to 2004, a total of 2,230 breast cancer survivors completed the General Quality of Life Inventory-74 6 months after diagnosis as part of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survivor Study. Also collected at baseline was information on demographic and clinical characteristics. At 36 months postdiagnosis, 1,845 of these women were re-evaluated for QOL. Outcomes were ascertained by in-person interview and record linkage to the vital statistics registry. The association of QOL with total mortality and cancer recurrence was assessed by using Cox regression analysis.

Results

During a median follow-up of 4.8 years after the 6-month postdiagnosis QOL assessment, 284 deaths were identified. Recurrence was documented in 267 patients after 108 patients with stage IV breast cancer or recurrence before study enrollment were excluded. Women with the highest tertile of social well-being QOL score, compared with those with the lowest score, had a 38% decreased risk of mortality (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.85; P for trend = .002) and a 48% decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.71; P for trend < .001). QOL assessed at 36 months postdiagnosis was not significantly associated with subsequent risk of mortality or recurrence.

Conclusion

Social well-being in the first year after cancer diagnosis is a significant prognostic factor for breast cancer recurrence or mortality, suggesting a possible avenue of intervention by maintaining or enhancing social support for women soon after their breast cancer diagnosis to improve disease outcomes.
Developmental regulation of axon branching in the vertebrate nervous system
Authors: Gibson Daniel A. , Ma Le
Published: December 2010

During nervous system development, axons generate branches to connect with multiple synaptic targets. As with axon growth and guidance, axon branching is tightly controlled in order to establish functional neural circuits, yet the mechanisms that regulate this important process are less well understood. Here, we review recent advances in the study of several common branching processes in the vertebrate nervous system. By focusing on each step in these processes we illustrate how different types of branching are regulated by extracellular cues and neural activity, and highlight some common principles that underlie the establishment of complex neural circuits in vertebrate development.