bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vozes de excluídos: o exílio na epistolografia latina
Authors: Cardoso Zelia De Almeida
Published: December 2017

O exílio é um tema bastante recorrente na epistolografia latina. Entre os autores que trataram do assunto, lembram-se os nomes de Cícero, Ovídio e Sêneca que, tendo sido desterrados por motivos diversos, exploraram sua própria experiência e deixaram suas impressões em cartas que se preservaram para a posteridade. No presente artigo fazem os um comentário sobre tais obras
A trajetória de uma idéia; o futurismo no Brasil
Authors: Fabris Annateresa
Published: December 2017

A recepção das idéias futuristas no Brasil é quase sempre negativa. O movimento italiano é associado a manifestações patológicas e à agitação política, uma vez que suas propostas iconoclastas se chocavam com as poéticas realistas que dominavam o ambiente cultural brasileiro
A condição da mulher na Índia antiga na perspectiva das eras cósmicas - o ser feminino segundo o tantrismo.
Authors: Ferreira Mário
Published: December 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo contrastar as construções relativas ao ser feminino, articuladas na tradição literária da Índia Antiga, constantes no Mânavadharmaçâstra1 e em dois tratados do movimento çâktatantra, a saber, o Mahânirvânatantra e o Kulârnavatantra. Procura- se demonstrar que, no percurso de elaboração de tais obras, efetivou- se uma reordenação de valores, no que concerne à condição social e simbólica da mulher, projetada como translação do tempo mítico para o tempo histórico (do satyayuga para o kaliyuga) e concebida como fuga libertária de estruturas injustas de relação.
O Dialeto Caipira
Authors: Ceschin Osvaldo Humberto L.
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho retoma algumas referências na literatura sobre a sociedade caipira e sua linguagem, especialmente Os parceiros do Rio Bonito, de Antônio Cândido, e O dialeto caipira, de Amadeu Amaral.
Contrastes e propostas
Authors: Bernardini Aurora Fornoni
Published: December 2017

Partindo-se do ensaio de Antonio Candido “A literatura e a formação do homem”, republicado pela revista Remate de Males (Número especial de l999), rediscutem-se as questões da função, estrutura e dominante da obra literária. Ampliando o discurso para o domínio da Estética, procuram-se elementos de um diálogo possível entre Antonio Candido e Gianni Vattimo.
Saber
Authors: Jarouche Mamede Mustafa
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho consiste basicamente na tradução do Escrito sobre o saber, do místico e teólogo muçulmano al-Hãrit Ibn' Âsad al-Muhãsib V
La traduction automatique, une impossible science du langage appliquée
Authors: Léon Jacqueline
Published: December 2017

O artigo aborda características e tendências das diferentes fases pelas quais passou a tradução automática, assim como as tendências do momento atual
O lampião da rua e a floresta: a gramática alegórica de Oswaldo Goeldi
Authors: Rufinoni Priscila Rossinetti
Published: December 2017

Estudar as ilustrações de Oswaldo Goeldi possibilita uma perspectiva intersemiótica para pensarmos o Modernismo brasileiro. Permite, por um lado, analisar as relações temáticas e discursivas que perpassam as imagens, e por outro perceber o conteúdo imagético, alegórico dos textos. Artes plásticas e literatura encontram-se, não mais de maneira hierarquizada – o literato tutelando o artista plástico –, mas como interpretações de um mesmo tempo, de uma época.
Edoardo Bizzari: o tradutor italiano de Graciliano Ramos, Guimarães Rosa e Cecília Meireles
Authors: Souza Vilma De K. Barreto de
Published: December 2017

A interessante correspondência entre Edoardo Bizzarri e seu escritor brasileiro; a tradução “técnica” e a grande sensibilidade artística na aventura da versão italiana de Grande Sertão – Veredas.
literatura italiana, romance, Elio Vittorini, Erica e i suoi fratelli, tradução literária.
Authors: Laganá Liliana
Published: December 2017

Ao apresentar Erica e i suoi fratelli ao público brasileiro, são tecidas considerações sobre a tradução deste romance de Elio Vittorini.
A vitalidade da retórica: atravessando os séculos
Authors: Mosca Lineide Salvador
Published: December 2017

A reflexão sobre a Retórica ao longo de sua trajetória e com vistas a uma avaliação de sua atualidade toca de perto à questão de sua natureza, de seus limites e alcance. Diversas funções lhe foram sendo atribuídas segundo os diferentes modos de pensar o mundo e as coisas, isto é, nos diferentes paradigmas. Restrições e alargamentos foram responsáveis por crises e questionamentos ou trouxeram pontos altos e valorizações até excessivas. A Retórica tem sido colocada à prova pelos mesmos princípios que a norteiam internamente e que fazem parte de sua própria natureza : campo propício à controvérsia, à discussão e ao debate e, consequentemente, à formação de opinião. Não é, pois, de estranhar tenha ela sido palco de divergências, de crença/descrença, de aceitação/rejeição. Esse cenário leva o presente estudo a uma mise au point que destaque os pontos básicos sobre os quais ela se baseia ao longo de sua história e que são responsáveis pelo seu reflorescimento contínuo e pela vitalidade que desfruta nos tempos atuais, tanto por seu caráter teórico (como teoria do discurso) quanto prático (construção e elaboração do discurso em suas diversas modalidades). As questões sobre identidade que se colocam em nossos dias remetem a noções caras à Retórica, tais como as de senso comum, de partilha de valores, de adesão e outras. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que o espaço de confronto de intersubjetividades, próprio da argumentação, é também um espaço de encontro, de possibilidade de mudança e de interação. Estamos hoje bem próximos dos conceitos originais da Retórica e de seu sistema de princípios integrados. Como ação sobre o entendimento e a vontade, ela conjuga as capacidades intelectivas e afetivas, tratando-as como indissociáveis, sendo essa uma de suas grandes forças na atualidade.
Guarda-se de falar: prudência e linguagem em Confúcio.
Authors: Jye Chen Tsung , Menezes Jr Antonio José Bezerra de
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo são examinadas algumas proposições confucianas sobre a linguagem existentes nos Analectos (Lun Yu), a principal obra de Confúcio (551 – 479 a.C.). Em especial, destaca-se a importância de seu uso prudente na comunicação. Também são ilustradas algumas posições contrastantes do taoísmo.
Fraseologia: conceitos e características para a identificação das locuções verbais
Authors: Mattos Monissa
Published: December 2017

Por toda diversidade de estruturas e de denominações, e por suas especificidades, a fraseologia é um dos elementos de maior dificuldade para quem estuda um idioma e/ou trabalha com uma língua estrangeira. Um dos maiores empecilhos para a sua compreensão encontra-se na grande quantidade de variação denominativa referente a estruturas muito semelhantes conceitualmente. Portanto, este artigo objetiva apresentar uma delimitação conceitual eficiente de fraseologia, através de um estudo da literatura especializada, a partir do qual se poderá identificar as características deste fenômeno e entendê-lo melhor. Detenho-me, mais especificamente às estruturas sintáticas conhecidas como locuções verbais já que essas unidades são idiomáticas e não permitem uma tradução literal, fato que justifica a sua complexidade.
O estabelecimento da empatia através do ethos: um mecanismo de persuação
Authors: Fernandes Ivani Cristina Silva
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade tecer algumas considerações sobre a construção da empatia entre enunciadores nas crônicas, consideradas como gênero híbrido (jornalístico-literário). Com base em um corpus formado por 16 textos publicados nas revistas Veja São Paulo e Veja Rio entre as semanas de 26 de dezembro de 2007 e 13 de fevereiro de 2008, analisaremos os principais mecanismos linguísticos relacionados diretamente à imagem do locutor, ou seja, o ethos discursivo. Tais mecanismos demonstram um labor persuasivo, revelando uma face opinativa desse tipo de texto, além das faces poéticas e interpretativas.
A encarnação de um ideal
Authors: Souza Paulo Alex
Published: December 2017

Este artigo aborda o último romance de José de Alencar, Encarnação, enfocando especialmente a trajetória da protagonista, Amália, que, de moça irónica, debochada, cética quanto ao amor e indisposta para o casamento, converte-se em um a esposa exemplar, verdadeiro modelo de abnegação amorosa. Ressaltarem os esse processo de mudança, destacando sua característica principal, a de ser algo predeterminado e necessário, de acordo com o imaginário do qual faz parte. Apontaremos, ainda, outros aspectos e nuanças peculiares à produção alencariana e ao temperamento romântico
Variedades linguísticas e usos sociais da comunidade de fala dos “Holandeses” de Carambeí/PR
Authors: Fraga Letícia
Published: December 2017

Carambeí, um a pequena cidade do Paraná, foi a primeira colônia holandesa fundada no Brasil, em 1911. Considerando-se que a população de Carambeí é muito complexa cultural e linguisticamente, este estudo intenta fazer um levantamento do uso funcional do português e do holandês ali. Nós concluímos que os grupos 1M e 1F preferem o holandês; os grupos 2M e 2F são bilíngues em português e holandês; os grupos 3M e 3F são monolíngues em português
Metodologia da historiogra$a de César
Authors: Silva Paulo Roberto Souza da
Published: December 2017

Um enquadramento da obra de Caio Júlio César, os Comentários sobre a Guerra das Gálias e a Guerra Civil, dentro das características do então incipiente gênero historiográfico em Roma requer um estudo comparativo tanto da metodologia da historiografia enquanto discurso científico quanto da sua apresentação enquanto gênero literário. Uma apreciação que siga os princípios e os procedimentos da retórica revela processos de justificação e veridicção apreciáveis pela moderna Semiótica. O encobrimento dos processos retóricos conduz, pela pragmática, a axiomas que se situam aquém do texto, dando a impressão de imparcialidade. Essas formações ideológicas explicam o uso da historiografia como propaganda.
Damão: cinquenta anos após (1961-2011) Ocupação, libertação ou subjugação?
Authors: Fernandes Victor João Da Cruz
Published: December 2017

Este artigo faz uma sinopse política, económica e da história recente das ex-colónias portuguesas de Goa, Damão e Diu, que há cinquenta anos (1961) foram anexadas à União Indiana. Há muitas informações pessoais do autor, que assistiu pessoalmente à invasão de Damão pela Índia naquele ano.
Biblioteca: de fronteiras, saberes e livros
Authors: Moreira Maria Elisa Rodrigues
Published: December 2017

A biblioteca aparece nas obras de Jorge Luis Borges e Italo Calvino como uma figura emblemática para que pensemos a literatura de ambos os escritores como espaço transdisciplinar de produção de saberes, principalmente a partir da estrutura narrativa impressa pelos autores a suas obras. Figura fronteiriça, a biblioteca se imbrica com o arquivo, a coleção, a enciclopédia e o museu, constituindo-se num lugar de saber, de memória e de deslocamento, para o qual contribuem a História, a Filosofia, a Literatura e a Comunicação.
O caipira sob o olhar da elite paulistana das primeiras décadas do século XX
Authors: Pereira Hélcius Batista
Published: December 2017

O presente texto tem por objetivo investigar como a elite paulistana do final do século xix até 1930 avaliava o “caipira”. Para tanto, trabalhamos com textos escritos por Valdomiro Silveira e Monteiro Lobato. Com base na diferença entre estas duas visões e em fatos da história social de São Paulo, identificamos uma certa ambiguidade em relação ao “caipira”, o que reflete o fato de a cidade de São Paulo e sua elite ainda estarem a meio caminho entre o rural e o urbano.
Persistence of Infarct Zone T2 Hyperintensity at 6 Months After Acute ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Carberry Jaclyn , Carrick David , Haig Caroline , Ahmed Nadeem , Mordi Ify , McEntegart Margaret , Petrie Mark C. , Eteiba Hany , Hood Stuart , Watkins Stuart , Lindsay Mitchell , Davie Andrew , Mahrous Ahmed , Ford Ian , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Oldroyd Keith G. , Berry Colin
Published: December 2017

Background—

The incidence and clinical significance of persistent T2 hyperintensity after acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is uncertain.

Methods and Results—

Patients who sustained an acute STEMI were enrolled in a cohort study (BHF MR-MI: NCT02072850). Two hundred eighty-three STEMI patients (mean age, 59±12 years; 75% male) had cardiac magnetic resonance with T2 mapping performed at 2 days and 6 months post-STEMI. Persisting T2 hyperintensity was defined as infarct T2 >2 SDs from remote T2 at 6 months. Infarct zone T2 was higher than remote zone T2 at 2 days (66.3±6.1 versus 49.7±2.1 ms;
P
<0.001) and 6 months (56.8±4.5 versus 49.7±2.3 ms;
P
<0.001). Remote zone T2 did not change over time (mean change, 0.0±2.7 ms;
P
=0.837), whereas infarct zone T2 decreased (−9.5±6.4 ms;
P
<0.001). At 6 months, T2 hyperintensity persisted in 189 (67%) patients, who were more likely to have Thrombus in Myocardial Infarction flow 0 or 1 in the culprit artery (
P
=0.020), incomplete ST-segment resolution (
P
=0.037), and higher troponin (
P
=0.024). Persistent T2 hyperintensity was associated with NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) concentration (0.57 on a log scale [0.42–0.72];
P
=0.004) and the likelihood of adverse left ventricular remodeling (>20% change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume; 21.91 [2.75–174.29];
P
=0.004). Persistent T2 hyperintensity was associated with all-cause death and heart failure, but the result was not significant (
P
=0.051). ΔT2 was associated with all-cause death and heart failure (
P
=0.004) and major adverse cardiac events (
P
=0.013).

Conclusions—

Persistent T2 hyperintensity occurs in two thirds of STEMI patients. Persistent T2 hyperintensity was associated with the initial STEMI severity, adverse remodeling, and long-term health outcome.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02072850.
Nativity Status and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Adults
Authors: Rodriguez Fatima , Hastings Katherine G. , Hu Jiaqi , Lopez Lenny , Cullen Mark , Harrington Robert A. , Palaniappan Latha P.
Published: December 2017

Background

Hispanic persons represent a heterogeneous and growing population of any race with origins in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, South America, or other Spanish‐speaking countries. Previous studies have documented variation in cardiovascular risk and outcomes among Hispanic subgroups. Few studies have investigated whether these patterns vary by nativity status among Hispanic subgroups.

Methods and Results

We used the National Center for Health Statistics mortality file to compare deaths of Hispanic (n=1 258 229) and non‐Hispanic white (n=18 149 774) adults (aged ≥25 years) from 2003 to 2012. We identified all deaths related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and categorized them by subtype (allCVD, ischemic, or cerebrovascular) using the underlying cause of death (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revisioncodes I00–I78, I20–I25, and I60–I69, respectively). Population estimates were calculated using linear interpolation from the 2000 and 2010 US censuses.CVDaccounted for 31% of all deaths among Hispanic adults. Race/ethnicity and nativity status were recorded on death certificates by the funeral director using state guidelines. Nativity status was defined as foreign versus US born; 58% of Hispanic decedents were foreign born. Overall, Hispanic adults had lower age‐adjustedCVDmortality rates than non‐Hispanic white adults (296 versus 385 per 100 000). Foreign‐born Cubans, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans had higherCVDmortality than their US‐born counterparts (rate ratio: 2.64 [95% confidence interval, 2.46–2.81], 1.17 [95% confidence interval, 1.15–1.21], and 1.91 [95% confidence interval, 1.83–1.99], respectively).

Conclusions

Mortality rates for total cardiovascular, ischemic, and cerebrovascular disease are higher among foreign‐ than US‐born Hispanic adults. These findings suggest the importance of disaggregatingCVDmortality by disease subtype, Hispanic subgroup, and nativity status.
The Role and Place of ‘Commodity Fetishism’ in Marx’s Systematic-dialectical Exposition in Capital
Authors: Starosta Guido
Published: December 2017

This article aims to contribute to the literature on Marx’s systematic-dialectical method through a critical reading and discussion of the significance and presentational ‘architecture’ of the section on commodity fetishism in the dialectical sequence of form-determinations inCapital. In order to undertake this task, the paper firstly explores the content and expositional structure of the first three sections of Chapter 1 ofCapital. This sets the stage for a methodologically-minded close examination of Marx’s presentation of the fetish character of the commodity, which shows that there is a precise systematic sequence which gives unity to the flow of his argument within the section on ‘The Fetishism of the Commodity and its Secret’. The conclusion is that only through a proper grasp of the dialectical method can the full systematic significance and implications of Marx’s account of commodity fetishism be uncovered.
Leptomischus flaviflorus (Rubiaceae), a new species from India
Authors: HAREESH VADAKKOOT SANKARAN , WU LEI , SABU MAMIYIL
Published: December 2017

Leptomischus flaviflorus, a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India, is here described and illustrated. Detailed description, distribution, ecology, colour photographs, and key to identification for Leptomischus species are provided.
Alfaria avenellae sp. nov. from Italy
Authors: LIN CHUAN-GEN , DAI DONG-QIN , BHAT DARBHE J. , HYDE KEVIN D. , TANG LI-ZHOU , LUMYONG SAISAMORN , MCKENZIE ERIC H.C. , BAHKALI ALI H.
Published: December 2017

A new species Alfaria avenellae, is described, illustrated and compared with other Alfaria species. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analyses. Alfaria avenellae can easily be distinguished from other Alfaria species by its distinct synnemata, long conidiophores (up to 350 μm) and pale green to dark green conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of this new species within the genus Alfaria and provide evidence to support the establishment of our new species.
Chapter Seven - Conclusion: Subjects, Systems, and Other Unfinished Business
Authors: Kochan Jeff
Published: December 2017

Chapter Seven does double duty: first, as a review of key themes from the preceding chapters; second, as a rough roadmap for future work. Later in his life, Heidegger’s attention shifted to the alleged dangers posed by scientific thinking to society. He claimed that modern science paves the way for the technologisation of society, or what he called ‘enframing.’ The chapter opens with Heidegger’s long friendship with the physicist Carl von Weizsäcker, who affirmed Heidegger’s concept of enframing as an outgrowth of modern science, but insisted that it offered liberating possibilities for humankind, especially in the form of cybernetics. While von Weizsäcker advocated for deeper engagement with cybernetics, the later Heidegger tried to radically depart from modern scientific thinking. Kochan argues that Heidegger’s considerations may be usefully translated into an interactionist social theory, as developed by SSK pioneer, Barry Barnes. Enframing is thus explained by the micro-interactions of instinctively social subjects. For von Weizsäcker, in contrast, enframing is a system which organises autonomous subjects into a social whole. Where the interactionist emphasises the subject over the system, the cyberneticist emphasises the system over the subject. The chapter concludes by arguing for a strong compatibility between Heidegger’s concept of the subject’s affectivity, introduced in Chapter Three, and Barnes’s interactionist attention to the emotional dynamics of ‘status groups.’ From this perspective, von Weizsäcker’s commitment to enframing evinces his membership in a status group whose interpersonal dynamics enforce that commitment at an emotional level. A concentrated research focus on the emotional dynamics governing scientific status groups flows naturally from the arguments advanced throughout this book. The book thus sketches a road forward for those intrepid STS scholars eager to produce innovative and exciting new work.
Mutagenicity evaluation ofAnastatica hierochunticaL. aqueous extractin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Md Zin Siti Rosmani , Mohamed Zahurin , Alshawsh Mohammed A , Wong Won F , Kassim Normadiah M
Published: December 2017

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption.

Impact statement

In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.
Prognostic value of right ventricular dilatation in patients with low-risk pulmonary embolism
Authors: Côté Benoit , Jiménez David , Planquette Benjamin , Roche Anne , Marey Jonathan , Pastré Jean , Meyer Guy , Sanchez Olivier
Published: December 2017

The prognosis of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) assessed right ventricular dilatation (RVD) is unclear in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and a simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) of 0. We investigated in these patients whether MDCT-assessed RVD, defined by a right to left ventricular ratio (RV/LV) ≥0.9 or ≥1.0, is associated with worse outcomes.

We combined data from three prospective cohorts of patients with PE. The main study outcome was the composite of 30-day all-cause mortality, haemodynamic collapse or recurrent PE in patients with sPESI of 0.

Among 779 patients with a sPESI 0, 420 (54%) and 299 (38%) had a RV/LV ≥0.9 and ≥1.0 respectively. No difference in primary outcome was observed, 0.95% (95% CI 0.31–2.59)versus0.56% (95% CI 0.10–2.22; p=0.692) and 1.34% (95% CI 0.43–3.62)versus0.42% (95% CI 0.07–1.67; p=0.211) with RV/LV ≥0.9 and ≥1.0 respectively. Increasing the RV/LV threshold to ≥1.1, the outcome occurred more often in patients with RVD (2.12%, 95% CI 0.68–5.68versus0.34%, 95% CI 0.06–1.36; p=0.033).

MDCT RV/LV ratio of ≥0.9 and ≥1.0 in sPESI 0 patients is frequent but not associated with a worse prognosis but higher cut-off values might be associated with worse outcome in these patients.
Phase III, Randomized Study of Dual Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Blockade With Lapatinib Plus Trastuzumab in Combination With an Aromatase Inhibitor in Postmenopausal Women With HER2-Positive, Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: ALTERNATIVE
Authors: Johnston Stephen R.D. , Hegg Roberto , Im Seock-Ah , Park In Hae , Burdaeva Olga , Kurteva Galina , Press Michael F. , Tjulandin Sergei , Iwata Hiroji , Simon Sergio D. , Kenny Sarah , Sarp Severine , Izquierdo Miguel A. , Williams Lisa S. , Gradishar William J.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeting plus endocrine therapy (ET) improved clinical benefit in HER2-positive, hormone receptor (HR)–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) versus ET alone. Dual HER2 blockade enhances clinical benefit versus single HER2 blockade. The ALTERNATIVE study evaluated the efficacy and safety of dual HER2 blockade plus aromatase inhibitor (AI) in postmenopausal women with HER2-positive/HR-positive MBC who received prior ET and prior neo(adjuvant)/first-line trastuzumab (TRAS) plus chemotherapy.

Methods

Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive lapatinib (LAP) + TRAS + AI, TRAS + AI, or LAP + AI. Patients for whom chemotherapy was intended were excluded. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS; investigator assessed) with LAP + TRAS + AI versus TRAS + AI. Secondary end points were PFS (comparison of other arms), overall survival, overall response rate, clinical benefit rate, and safety.

Results

Three hundred fifty-five patients were included in this analysis: LAP + TRAS + AI (n = 120), TRAS + AI (n = 117), and LAP + AI (n = 118). Baseline characteristics were balanced. The study met its primary end point; superior PFS was observed with LAP + TRAS + AI versus TRAS + AI (median PFS, 11 v 5.7 months; hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.88; P = .0064). Consistent PFS benefit was observed in predefined subgroups. Overall response rate, clinical benefit rate, and overall survival also favored LAP + TRAS + AI. The median PFS with LAP + AI versus TRAS + AI was 8.3 versus 5.7 months (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.98; P = .0361). Common adverse events (AEs; ≥ 15%) with LAP + TRAS + AI, TRAS + AI, and LAP + AI were diarrhea (69%, 9%, and 51%, respectively), rash (36%, 2%, and 28%, respectively), nausea (22%, 9%, and 22%, respectively), and paronychia (30%, 0%, and 15%, respectively), mostly grade 1 or 2. Serious AEs were reported similarly across the three groups, and AEs leading to discontinuation were lower with LAP + TRAS + AI.

Conclusion

Dual HER2 blockade with LAP + TRAS + AI showed superior PFS benefit versus TRAS + AI in patients with HER2-positive/HR-positive MBC. This combination offers an effective and safe chemotherapy-sparing alternative treatment regimen for this patient population.
Leveraging the Global Health Service Partnership Model for Workforce Development in Global Radiation Oncology
Authors: Irabor Omoruyi Credit , Kerry Vanessa Bradford , Matton Juliet , Ngwa Wilfred
Published: December 2017

A major contributor to the disparity in cancer outcome across the globe is the limited health care access in low- and middle-income countries that results from the shortfall in human resources for health (HRH), fomented by the limited training and leadership capacity of low-resource countries. In 2012, Seed Global Health teamed up with the Peace Corps to create the Global Health Service Partnership, an initiative that has introduced a novel model for tackling the HRH crises in developing regions of the world. The Global Health Service Partnership has made global health impacts in leveraging partnerships for HRH development, faculty activities and output, scholarship engagement, adding value to the learning environment, health workforce empowerment, and infrastructure development.
How does paw pad of canine attenuate ground impacts? A multi-layer cushion system
Authors: Miao Huaibin , Fu Jun , Qian Zhihui , Ren Luquan , Ren Lei
Published: December 2017

Macroscopic mechanical properties of digitigrade paw pads, such as non-linear elastic and variable stiffness, have been investigated in previous studies. However, little is known about the micro-scale structural characteristics of digitigrade paw pads or the relationship between these characteristics and the exceptional cushioning of the pads. The digitigrade paw pad consists of a multi-layered structure, which is mainly comprised of a stratified epithelium layer, a dermis layer and a subcutaneous layer. The stratified epithelium layer and dermal papillae constitute the epidermis layer. Finite element analyses were carried out and showed that the epidermis layer effectively attenuated the ground impact across impact velocities of 0.05–0.4 m/s, and that the von Mises stresses were uniformly distributed in this layer. The dermis layer encompassing the subcutaneous layer can be viewed as a hydrostatic system, which can store, release and dissipate impact energy. All three layers in the paw pad work as a whole to meet the biomechanical requirements of animal locomotion. These findings provide insights into the biomechanical functioning of digitigrade paw pads and could be used to facilitate bio-inspired, ground-contacting component development for robots and machines, as well as contribute to footwear design.
Classically-activated macrophages elimination in tumor-conditioned medium by alternatively-activated macrophages
Authors: Lolo Fidel-Nicolás , Leiva Cristina Rius , Casas-Tintó Sergio
Published: December 2017

Cellular interactions are critical during development, tissue fitness and epithelial tumor development. The expression levels of specific genes confer to tumoral cells a survival advantage versus the normal neighboring cells. As a consequence, cells surrounding tumors are eliminated and engulfed by macrophages. We propose a novel scenario in which circulating cells facing a tumor can reproduce these cellular interactions. In vitro cultured macrophages from murine bone marrow were used to investigate this hypothesis. M1 macrophages in tumoral medium upregulated markers of a suboptimal condition, such as Sparc and TyrRS, and undergo apoptosis. However, M2 macrophages display higher Myc expression levels and proliferate at expenses of M1s elimination. Resulting M1 apoptotic debris are engulfed by M2 in a Sparc and TyrRS dependent manner. These findings suggest that tumor-dependent macrophage elimination could deplete immune response against tumors, this possibility could be relevant for macrophage based anti-tumoral strategies.
Transcriptome sequencing of the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and identification of hypoxia tolerance genes
Authors: Xiao Bang , Li Li , Xu Chang , Zhao Shanmin , Lin Lifang , Cheng Jishuai , Yang Wenjing , Cong Wei , Kan Guanghan , Cui Shufang
Published: December 2017

The naked mole rat (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber) is a small rodent species found in regions of Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia. It has a high tolerance for hypoxia and is thus, considered one of the most important natural models for studying hypoxia tolerance mechanisms. The various mechanisms underlying the NMR's hypoxia tolerance are beginning to be understood at different levels of organization, and next-generation sequencing methods promise to expand this understanding to the level of gene expression. In this study, we examined the sequence and transcript abundance data of the muscle transcriptome of NMRs exposed to hypoxia using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 system to clarify the possible genomic adaptive responses to the hypoxic underground surroundings. The RNA-seq raw FastQ data were mapped against the NMR genome. We identified 2,337 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparison of the hypoxic and control groups. Functional annotation of the DEGs by gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment of hypoxia stress-related GO categories, including “biological regulation”, “cellular process”, “ion transport” and “cell-cell signaling”. Enrichment of DEGs in signaling pathways was analyzed against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database to identify possible interactions between DEGs. The results revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in focal adhesion, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of DEGs (STMN1, MAPK8IP1 and MAPK10) expression induced apoptosis and arrested cell growth in NMRs fibroblasts following hypoxia. Thus, this global transcriptome analysis of NMRs can provide an important genetic resource for the study of hypoxia tolerance in mammals. Furthermore, the identified DEGs may provide important molecular targets for biomedical research into therapeutic strategies for stroke and cardiovascular diseases.
Maternal loading of a small heat shock protein increases embryo thermal tolerance inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lockwood Brent L. , Julick Cole R. , Montooth Kristi L.
Published: December 2017

Maternal investment is likely to have direct effects on offspring survival. In oviparous animals whose embryos are exposed to the external environment, maternal provisioning of molecular factors like mRNAs and proteins may help embryos cope with sudden changes in the environment. Here we sought to modify the maternal mRNA contribution to offspring embryos and test for maternal effects on acute thermal tolerance in early embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. We drove in vivo overexpression of a small heat shock protein gene (Hsp23) in female ovaries and measured the effects of acute thermal stress on offspring embryonic survival and larval development. We report that overexpression of the Hsp23 gene in female ovaries produced offspring embryos with increased thermal tolerance. We also found that brief heat stress in the early embryonic stage (0 to 1 hour-old) caused decreased larval performance later in life (5 to 10 days-old), as indexed by pupation height. Maternal overexpression of Hsp23 protected embryos against this heat-induced defect in larval performance. Our data demonstrate that transient products of single genes have large and lasting effects on whole-organism environmental tolerance. Further, our results suggest that maternal effects have a profound impact on offspring survival in the context of thermal variability.
Photoreceptor signalling is sufficient to explain the detectability threshold of insect aerial pursuers
Authors: Rigosi Elisa , Wiederman Steven D. , O'Carroll David C.
Published: December 2017

An essential biological task for many flying insects is the detection of small, moving targets, such as when pursuing prey or conspecifics. Neural pathways underlying such ‘target-detecting’ behaviours have been investigated for their sensitivity and tuning properties (size, velocity). However, which stage of neuronal processing limits target detection is not yet known. Here, we investigated several skilled, aerial pursuers (males of four insect species), measuring the target-detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio) of light-adapted photoreceptors. We recorded intracellular responses to moving targets of varying size, extended well below the nominal resolution of single ommatidia. We found that the signal detection limit (2× photoreceptor noise) matches physiological or behavioural target-detection thresholds observed in each species. Thus, across a diverse range of flying insects, individual photoreceptor responses to changes in light intensity establish the sensitivity of the feature detection pathway, indicating later stages of processing are dedicated to feature tuning, tracking and selection.
Use of Practice-Oriented Tasks of Mathematical Content to Achieve Meta-Subject Learning Outcomes
Authors: Рослова Н. , Roslova N.
Published: December 2017

The article deals with the problem of the difficulties encountered by Russian students in applying the gained knowledge in solving practicaloriented mathematical problems, revealed as a result of international and domestic research. An approach is proposed for the implementation of the basic requirement of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education - the formation of meta-subject learning outcomes. The analysis of the potential of the practice-oriented tasks used in the course of mastering the mathematics course of the primary school with the aim of achieving meta-subject learning outcomes is presented.
Prevention of Younger Schoolchildren Neglect and Delinquency
Authors: Мусс Галина , Muss Galina , Русакова Т. , Rusakova T.
Published: December 2017

The article discusses the especially topical today problem of rise in crime among children and adolescents, and decrease in the age threshold of committing offenses. The results of a study conducted at the regional level based on the consolidation of efforts of various departments are disclosed. The causes of delinquency in childhood are indicated, pedagogical factors that positively influence the solution of the problem of prevention of neglect and offenses of younger schoolchildren are described.
Casos Controversiales: Un estudio de la relación entre Ciencia y Derecho en el Proceso Judicial
Authors: Bailo Gonzalo Luciano , Levrand Norma Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

La participación de expertos y la utilización de prueba científica en procesos judiciales se han incrementado, articulando prácticas e imaginarios del sistema jurídico y del tecno-científico. En estos procesos judiciales, puede distinguirse un grupo de “casos controversiales”, que problematizan la autoridad de jueces y expertos y renegocian los significados de conceptos tradicionales como el de “neutralidad judicial” e “imparcialidad e independencia del experto”. A fin de contribuir en la caracterización de estos casos controversiales, en este trabajo se propone una matriz de análisis diseñada a partir de conceptos provenientes del campo de los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (ESCT) y de la dogmática jurídica. Esta matriz se construye a partir de una dimensión formal/ estructural, una material/ funcional y una institucional/ decisional. Estas dimensiones se complementan para ofrecer una perspectiva que permita caracterizar los casos controversiales y diferenciarlos de otros casos complejos. A modo ilustrativo, se incluyeron algunos casos ambientales de la jurisprudencia argentina.
¡Escucha! Experiencias alternativas de acceso a la justicia en Santiago de Cali. Tensiones justicia-Estado en casas de justicia, fundaciones y comedores comunitarios
Authors: Buchely Ibarra Lina Fernanda , Solano Diana , Recalde Gabriela
Published: December 2017

En 1994, el Distrito de Aguablanca en Cali fue el escenario elegido por el gobierno y organismos multilaterales para incubar las casas de justicia, uno de los proyectos pioneros del segundo movimiento de Derecho y Desarrollo. Este integra dos objetivos en principio opuestos: disminuir el gasto de recursos y tiempo en la prestación de justicia; y aproximar la relación entre comunidad y Estado para prevenir los conflictos. En este artículo, ahondamos en esta dicotomía entre eficiencia económica y proximidad social, resaltando la importancia del diálogo y, en especial, de la escucha, para construir una visión de justicia que recoja los sentidos que circulan en los escenarios donde el Estado interviene. Para ello, realizaremos un análisis comparado entre las lógicas de medición desplegadas por el gobierno central en la Casa de Justicia, una fundación de rehabilitación de jóvenes en conflicto con la ley penal y un comedor comunitario, ubicados en los barrios Marroquín II y Potrero Grande, utilizando referentes como el silencio, el tiempo presente, la transformación y el ruido, desarrollados por el filósofo Jean-Luc Nancy.
Retos de la ética en la investigación socio jurídica: revisión a partir de buenas prácticas en artículos publicados
Authors: Bernal-Camargo Diana Rocío , Díaz Amado Eduardo , Padilla Muñoz Andrea Carolina
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo pretende proporcionar una mirada a las consideraciones y reflexiones desde la ética de la investigación enfocada a la investigación socio jurídica.  La literatura en éste campo se ha ocupado de reflexionar sobre la ética de la investigación en las ciencias sociales, dentro de la que se encuentra la investigación socio jurídica.  Este tipo de investigación en el campo del derecho presenta sus consideraciones teóricas propias, que aquí nos permiten encontrar una aproximación a la problemática de la definición misma de este tipo de investigación.  Para efectos de presentar el análisis desde la ética de la investigación, se revisaron 10 artículos de resultado de investigación socio jurídica desde la perspectiva ética, tomando como punto de partida las consideraciones de la ética de la investigación con sujetos humanos del área de la biomedicina. En los artículos referidos se encontró que en efecto este tipo de investigaciones toman en consideración diferentes pautas éticas – no establecidas formalmente - que buscan el respeto a los derechos de los participantes, con las particularidades propias de la investigación socio jurídica que merecen ser tomadas en cuenta.  El artículo concluye con algunas sugerencias desde lo práctico y lo metodológico en relación con la ética de la investigación socio- jurídica.
Healthy conversations: Are you making every contact count?
Authors: Forward Catherine
Published: December 2017

In the face of the many public health challenges facing society, it is important that school nurses take every opportunity to help improve the health outcomes of children and young people. Catherine Forward looks at the potential benefits of ‘Making Every Contact Count’.
Exercise-induced collapse in the dog
Authors: Lowrie Mark
Published: December 2017

Paroxysmal events are notoriously difficult to characterise, as they are rarely witnessed by anyone other than the owner and between episodes these dogs are completely normal. Add to this the fact that many of these transient events are caused by a chemical interference within the central nervous system that upsets the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition, leaving no trace of their activity, it becomes clear that definitive diagnosis is extremely difficult. Such events include those reported to occur during intense exercise, often in extremes of heat. Unless you are feeling particularly active and wish to exercise the dog to the point of precipitating an episode, it is advisable to consider video footage from the owner to avoid ambiguous descriptions and to actually observe the problem for which the owners are presenting the dog. This article describes the syndrome of exercise-induced collapse in dogs, including when to suspect it; what other conditions may mimic it; and how to diagnose and manage the disorder.
Veterinary care of hamsters. Part 2: diagnostics, diseases
Authors: Pellett Sarah , Mancinelli Elisabetta
Published: December 2017

Hamsters are very popular pets in the UK and owner expectations regarding advice and treatment for their pets are increasing. Hamsters are frequently seen in general veterinary practice and may be presented for routine procedures such as health checks, but are more often presented for treatment of illnesses. As hamsters are prey species they instinctively hide any signs of illness and so often present later into a disease process. Conditions frequently observed in hamsters include diarrhoea, skin wounds, incisor malocclusion, weight loss and neoplasia.
Medical complications of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Mehler Philip S , O'Melia Anne , Brown Carrie , Gibson Dennis , Hollis Jeff , Westmoreland Patricia
Published: December 2017

Bulimia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with many different medical sequelae. This article reviews the principal medical complications associated with bulimia nervosa, and emphasizes the importance of a timely approach to diagnosis and management.
JOGOS DIGITAIS E SUPERDOTAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO
Authors: Pedro Ketilin Mayra , Chacon Miguel Claudio Moriel
Published: December 2017

Os jogos digitais são considerados a atividade preferida de crianças e jovens, uma vez que estes possibilitam a interação com realidades virtuais e podem ser jogados por meio de qualquer dispositivo conectado na internet. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a maneira como estudantes com e sem comportamento superdotado interagem com jogos online. Trata-se de uma pesquisa comparativa que contou com a participação de 18 estudantes, do ensino fundamental, que foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o G1 composto com estudantes superdotados e o G2 por estudantes sem essa característica. Todos os participantes realizaram uma atividade sobre jogos online, as ações dos estudantes foram analisadas com base na literatura da área e classificadas em três categorias: Desconhecimento, Tentativa e Erro e Consciente. Verificamos que tanto estudantes com e sem superdotação utilizaram os jogos digitais e softwares de uma maneira intuitiva, explorando-os pela “tentativa e erro” e sem intencionalidade. A utilização de jogos digitais no contexto educativo promove maior motivação e interesse na realização das atividades. Compreendemos que a adoção de jogos digitais no contexto educativo beneficiará a educação, uma vez que esses jogos se aproximam das preferências e características dos nativos digitais e podem ter impactos positivos na aprendizagem de todos os estudantes, independentemente de suas especificidades.
ENSINO SUPERIOR: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AVALIAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL E RANKING
Authors: Da Costa Erika Bataglia
Published: December 2017

A necessidade de avaliação institucional para garantir a qualidade do ensino é algo que, no Brasil, se discute de forma mais intensa a partir da implantação da LDB e a possibilidade da formação em nível superior não somente por instituições públicas, mas também privadas. Proporcionar uma avaliação que seja voltada para o conhecimento dos desafios e superação das dificuldades das IES visando proporcionar educação de qualidade é fundamental, mas a maneira como tais avaliações são feitas e seus resultados são disseminados é objeto de debate neste artigo. A metodologia adotada é de abordagem qualitativa, com objetivo exploratório e com procedimento bibliográfico. Foram utilizados, para embasamento teórico, autores como Alemán, Barsky, Bernasconi, Martinez eVroeijenstijn. Concluímos que, apesar de necessária, a maneira como as avaliações institucionais estão sendo desenvolvidas e seus resultados amplamente difundidos pode prejudicar IES em desenvolvimento, além de não demonstrar a veracidade da qualidade que se propuseram a analisar.
New opportunities in endocrine ophthalmopathy diagnostics (review)
Authors: Taskina Elizaveta S. , Charinzeva Svetlana V. , Charinzev Vladimir V. , Serkin Dmitriy M.
Published: December 2017

Эндокринная офтальмопатия (ЭОП) – это прогрессирующее аутоиммунное заболевание, поражающее ретробульбарные мягкие ткани на фоне заболеваний щитовидной железы. Представлена статистическая информация по данному заболеванию. В обзоре рассматриваются как общепринятые, так и альтернативные подходы к диагностике разных стадий ЭОП. Дана подробная клиническая симптоматика, основные классификации определения степени тяжести и активности ЭОП, необходимый перечень физикальных и инструментальных обследований. Описана диагностическая ценность компьютерной томографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии, оптической когерентной томографии, Гейдельбергской ретинальной томографии, радиоизотопных исследований, триплексного сканирования магистральных сосудов глаза, метода доплеровского картирования, индоцианин-зеленой ангиографии, а также гистологического исследования биоптатов мягких ретробульбарных тканей при ЭОП. Общепринятые методы диагностики ЭОП имеют свои недостатки. Поэтому в настоящее время перспективным направлением являются иммунологические, биохимические и генетические исследования маркеров активности ЭОП. Особенностью данных методов в диагностике ЭОП является точность, возможность многократного измерения, минимум побочных эффектов, а также относительно низкая стоимость. Отмечена важность дальнейшего изучения ключевых механизмов развития отека, лейкоцитарной инфильтрации с последующим формированием фиброза экстраокулярных мышц и ретробульбарной клетчатки при ЭОП, что, возможно, сможет улучшить диагностику в клинически сложных случаях и при начальных стадиях заболевания.