bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMING A STUDENT'S PERSONAL BRAND AS A TOOL FOR POSITIONING IN THE LABOR MARKET (PART I)
Authors: Shchegulina Oksana , Purlieva A. , Semenova E. , Ayzhanov V.
Published: February 2023

The article presents a description and results of a study of the possibilities of using a student’s personal brand for future positioning in the labor market and in professional activities. The purpose of the study was to determine the correspondence between the expectations of students, the need to form a personal brand for employment opportunities and the role of the personal brand of the applicant for the employer. The methodological basis of the study was a critical analysis of scientific literature, secondary data from ongoing studies, a review of expert opinions and primary empirical information necessary to achieve the goal. The first direction of empirical research (part I) in the form of an Internet survey was a survey of students of a higher educational institution in order to determine the attitude of a given social group to the problems of forming and developing a personal brand. The second area of  empirical research (Part II) in the form of an online survey was a survey of HRM specialists in order to identify the importance of a student’s (young specialist’s) personal brand in the process of recruitment and professional development for the employer. To comprehend the obtained empirical information, the methods of generalization and comparative analysis were used. The results of the empirical study indicate that there are some differences in the perceptions of the importance of a personal brand among students and HR professionals. According to the authors, the data obtained confirm the disagreements identified at the stage of analysis of expert assessments in public discussions regarding the significance and necessity of forming a student’s personal brand. Despite this, research needs to be continued. Increasing the coverage in terms of the number and geography of student youth, as well as HR specialists, as representatives of the employer, will provide better results.
Mutaciones y utilidad del procedimiento administrativo especial de extensión de la jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado a terceros por parte de las autoridades en Colombia, del 4 de julio de 1991 al 31 de diciembre de 2013
Authors: Rubio Jácome Víctor Alberto , Pabón Giraldo Liliana Damaris , Yáñez Meza Diego Armando
Published: February 2023

En Colombia la creación del Procedimiento Administrativo Especial de Extensión de la Jurisprudencia del Consejo de Estado a Terceros por parte de las Autoridades marcó un hito para la tutela administrativa efectiva, dado que a las administraciones públicas también les compete proteger y garantizar derechos en función de concreción del derecho. En este trámite es angular para su aplicabilidad la existencia de una tipología de providencia especial, la sentencia de unificación proferida por el Consejo de Estado. Pasados cerca de diez años de su diseño e implementación, resulta preciso determinar las principales mutaciones que se le han incorporado principalmente por la Ley y secundariamente por la jurisprudencia a través de autos, con posterior traslado de algunas de esas subreglas en la reforma legal del año 2021, entre otras, con el objetivo de alcanzar una mayor utilidad de este bajo un parámetro estructural: conservar en el diseño procesal la competencia sobre la decisión de extensión en las administraciones públicas.

Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior la presente investigación pretende determinar la utilidad del procedimiento en uno de sus momentos de aplicabilidad, es decir, a partir del 4 de julio de 1991 (promulgación de la Constitución Política de 1991) pasando por el 2 de julio de 2012 (entrada en vigencia de la Ley 1437 de 2011) y hasta el 31 de diciembre del año 2013, para con ello poder caracterizar las principales mutaciones del procedimiento administrativo, precisando algunos de sus aspectos críticos y posibles propuestas para futuras reformas legales.
El principio de la estabilidad laboral reforzada de trabajadores en situación de debilidad manifiesta: análisis del principio en las decisiones tomadas por la sala laboral del tribunal superior de Bucaramanga
Authors: Granados Jackeline
Published: February 2023

Este artículo estudia la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y la Corte Suprema de Justicia, que aborda la estabilidad laboral reforzada en trabajadores con debilidad manifiesta. Asimismo, se adentra en el análisis de la totalidad de decisiones que ha resuelto sobre la materia la Sala Laboral del Tribunal Superior de Bucaramanga y sintetiza la línea jurisprudencial de las altas Cortes que ha seguido el mismo Tribunal, consideraciones que constituyen el núcleo teórico del amparo constitucional de la estabilidad laboral reforzada en relación al despido de trabajadores en situación de debilidad manifiesta.
Implementation of Work Based Learning on Welding Engineering Expertise Competency in The Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Romadin Achmad , Nuhadi Didik , Yoto Yoto
Published: February 2023

Vocational High School is an institution that produces labor. However, the problem is that it is actually the highest contributor to unemployment in working-age population value. One of the breakthroughs to anticipate this is by implementing innovative learning. Work Based Learning is a job-oriented learning in industry. This research used qualitative research. The focus of this research is the implementation of Work Based Learning based on the alignment of existing learning in schools with industry, which is arranged in an industrial class implemented curriculum. From the results of the research, there are 3 implementations of Work Based Learning which are integrated with each other including learning in the school environment, in the society, and in the industrial environment. The evaluation of Work Based Learning was carried out by means of daily test assessment, mid-test assessment, final test assessment, skill competency test and open examination of industrial work practice report
Teaching Methods as Correlates of Information Brokerage Entrepreneurial Skills Acquisition of Library and Information Science Undergraduates
Authors: Chikaodi Hope Chinyere Ilorah , Nwachukwu Victor N. , Nwofor Florence Amaka
Published: February 2023

This study examined teaching methods as correlates of information brokerage entrepreneurial skills acquisition of Library and Information Science undergraduates. The study adopted a descriptive and correlational survey designs. The population was 200 and 300 levels students of Library and Information Science of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Simple random sampling approach was used to select 200 students. Instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, mean and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). Results showed that lecture teaching method was highly employed for information brokerage entrepreneurial skills. Students acquired bibliography compilation skills to a very high extent. Positive moderate correlation exist between teaching methods and information brokerage entrepreneurial skills. The study recommended that the federal government and the university management should provide adequate teaching facilities in Library schools.
Assessment of Business Education Lecturers on Instructional Delivery in Colleges of Education in Kaduna and Kano State
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrazak , Hassan Haruna
Published: February 2023

The study assessed the business education lecturers on instructional delivery in colleges of education in Kaduna and Kano State. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised 32 business education lecturers from the Federal Colleges of Education, Kano (FCE Kano and FCE (T) Bichi), Kano State College of Education, Kumbosto, Federal College of Education, Zaria and Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan-Waya, Kaduna State. Since the population size is manageable, the researchers used all populations, and so, there was no sample size for the study. The researchers developed a structured questionnaire for data collection. The instrument was validated by two experts from the rank of senior lecturer and above from the business education department of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Cronbach Alpha method was used to test the reliability of the instrument which yielded a coefficient value of 0.90. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the two null hypotheses formulated for the study at a significance of the level of 0.05. The findings revealed among others that Business education lecturers give prompt feedback on students learning outcomes. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that, the college authority should employ more lecturers in the area of business education programmes for comprehensive curriculum delivery to the students.
Implementation of Teaching Factory (TEFA) in Vocational School to Improve Student Work Readiness
Authors: Dwijayanthi Kadek Diah , Rijanto Tri
Published: February 2023

This research aims to find out the influence of teaching factory implementation on student work-readiness at SMKN 2 Singaraja. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive to find out phenomena related to the implementation of teaching factory. Interview, observation, and documentation methods are used to obtain data. Validity of data used in this study is the triangulation of sources. Data analysis is done in a way; (1) Data Reduction, (2) Presentation, and (3) Conclusion Drawing (Verification) after obtaining data on the ground. Results of this study showed that implementation of the teaching factory at SMKN 2 Singaraja has been quite good in terms of facilities, infrastructure, and industry involvement in the planning of TEFA activities. However, the TEFA implementation system implemented is less able to support student’s readiness, so there needs to be learning application models in implementation of TEFA that can improve student’s ability to think critically, and have a positive influence on work readiness supporting factors in students.
Collaborative Concept Mapping: A Study of Group Work Satisfaction in Vocational Higher Education
Authors: Lailiyah Malikhatul , Yustisia Karlina Karadila
Published: February 2023

Collaboration is gaining traction in today's educational environment. Thus, teachers' primary concern is assisting students in experiencing group knowledge collaboration. As online education continues to grow in popularity, there is an increasing need to promote and understand collaborative learning processes. Its success is contingent upon implementing online collaborative learning strategies that foster critical thinking abilities while also providing meaningful collaborative learning opportunities. Collaborative concept mapping is one tool that could be used to foster student collaboration. Rather than creating and visualizing ideas individually, collaborative concept mapping involves two or more students working collaboratively to create one or more concept maps. In collaborative learning, interactions between learners are critical sources of idea generation. The purpose of this study is to examine students’ satisfaction with implementing the strategy in Second Language Reading class. The recent study advances our understanding of how to effectively use collaborative teaching tools in the classroom and improve student learning through group collaboration. The study's findings indicate that students demonstrated positive attitudes toward group collaboration, as evidenced by collaborative concept mapping. In addition, the collaborative learning processes embedded in concept mapping learning platforms support and facilitate reading comprehension achievement, resulting in successful foreign language learning for higher education students. The interaction in collaborative concept mapping, lacking in individual concept mapping, has facilitated individual and group knowledge building. As a result, implementing this strategy may benefit both group and individual learning.
Investigating the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Interns in the Workplace
Authors: Nwokike Obinna
Published: February 2023

Since internships are recognized forms of workplace learning, this study investigated their impact on the knowledge, attitude, and practices of interns. A paired t-test quasi-experiment (pretest/post-test) was carried out on the sample of 137 interns in university libraries in Edo State, Nigeria using a questionnaire. The study found that the interns had improved their knowledge, attitudes, and practices post-intervention. The statistically significant results imply that the internship was an effective intervention that improved the interns' knowledge, attitude, and practice. In conclusion, the study considered the implications of practicing librarians and Library and Information Science educators uniting to develop and implement structured interventions. It recommended replicating this intervention in other states to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practical skills of interns and ensure they are effective in the workplace.
Creating Interactive Online Learning Experiences among Secondary School Students in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Authors: Odo Moses
Published: February 2023

In the recent time teaching and learning is no more confined to face-to-face exercise where the students are mere listeners instead of fully participate in the class activities. The study is on creating interactive online learning experiences among Secondary School students in Lagos State, Nigeria. It was a survey study and the population for the study included all the teaching staff members of all the Public Senior Secondary School in Shomolu Local Government Area.  Random sampling technique was used to select 100 teachers who responded to the developed questionnaire. A structured questionnaire containing 40 questionnaire items were developed on four point scales. The response scale for the questionnaire is Strongly Agree (4), Agree (3), Disagree (2) and Strongly Disagree (1). The questionnaire was face validated while the reliability of the test was determined using test re-test procedure. The findings of the indicated that there are number ways which online learning can be made interactive. These ways include: involving feedback, creating interactive activities, Assignments & Breakout groups, exploring other free ICT tools, limiting seat time, good teachers/student relationship, discourage absenteeism, allow few minutes of jokes among students during classroom activities and creating course content that is engaging and encouraging peer. Teachers and students related challenges to effective and interactive online learning include lack of motivation in online learners, technical difficulties with online teaching tools, time-consuming resources, setting and forgetting online learning activities, poor learning outcomes, lack of appropriate devices, poor learning space at home, stress among students, lack of fieldwork and access to laboratories and loneliness. It was recommended that creating interactive online learning experiences among secondary school students in Lagos State, could be through involving feedback, creating interactive activities, assignments and breakout groups, exploring other free ICT tools, limiting seat time and good teachers/student relationship.
Tradisi Baritan di Dusun Palulo Kabupaten Blitar: Kajian Living Hadis
Authors: Izzah Zahrotul , Darmansyah Fadli Azis , Robiâ€™ Rahmat Fithror
Published: February 2023

The Baritan tradition that occurs in Palulo hamlet, Blitar Regency is one of the traditions carried out by the Javanese people.  This research examines the meaning of the Baritan Tradition according to local residents and relates the values ​​contained in it in the study of living hadith.  The study of living hadith focuses on the traditional phenomenon of behavior that lives in society which is based on the hadith of the prophet.  The research used is descriptive research that focuses on the baritan ceremony for the residents of Palulo Hamlet, Blitar Regency, East Java Province.  Information collection methods used are library research, online research, observation or observation, as well as interviews with several informants.  Based on this research, information is obtained that describes the interaction of living hadith through the ceremony.  The implementation of the Baritan Tradition is an understanding of the values ​​that exist in society which is carried out together.  Contribution of ideas, energy, modules related to the sustainability of the baritan ceremony.  And the arrival at the Barıtan ceremony is a manifestation of this understanding.
Pemimpin dari Beberapa Tafsir
Authors: Saputra Dodi
Published: February 2023

Being a leader is an easy thing, but being a good leader and being able to carry out the mandate or responsibility is not an easy matter. In Islam itself being a leader or caliph is one of the tasks and goals of humans so that Islam is so careful about matters of leadership. In various verses it is explained related to the concept of leadership, the characteristics of an ideal leader to how to choose a leader in Islam. by using the comparative method, this journal will examine the characteristics of a leader contained in several interpretations interpreted by interpreters. Many in the Qur'an mention the theme of leadership by using various kinds of vocabulary, each word of course has a different meaning and interpretation. Among other things, Hamka's interpretation in Surat al-Maidah verse 57 states that the Koran instructs Muslims not to elect leaders from non-Muslims. Buya Hamka in his commentary on al-Azhar further mentions that there are eight qualifications for leaders, namely: being Muslim, male, intellectual prowess, physical strength, trustworthiness, fairness, honesty and wisdom. As for Tafsir Tanwir from Muhammadiyah which makes Rasulullah and Prophet Ibrahim as examples of ideal leaders who need to be emulated and whose characteristics leaders need to have. According to Ibn Kathir's Interpretation, his interpretation does not merely forbid Muslims from choosing non-Muslims to be leaders, but also forbids even being made close friends, friends and also being appointed as administrators who take care of Muslim matters. According to Jawad Mughniyah in Al-Kasyif's interpretation, for the husband's leadership in the household, to lead his wife, not to become a ruler or dictator.
Visions perifèriques i angles morts. La producció poètica dels cossos a través de la mirada: Raquel Santanera, Maria Sevilla i Pol Guasch
Authors: Matas Revilla Meritxell
Published: February 2023

Aquest article presenta la relació entre la mirada i la corporalitat en les obres de tres poetes en llengua catalana del segle XXI. El text se centra en els vincles amb els afectes, el paper de les xarxes socials i el món digital, l’explotació dels cossos, el desig i la creació d’identitats. Aquests elements permeten formular un marc interpretatiu pels textos i posar-los en relació amb les principals qüestions teòriques preponderants del període, així com fer una radiografia de tres noms cabdals i una reflexió sobre el moment actual i la consolidació i continuïtat d’aquestes temàtiques en la poesia catalana, que s’enriqueix cada cop més amb veus noves i amb més estils, propostes i aproximacions diverses que no deixen d’augmentar.
Cuando la música ya no dice el texto: un poema de Francisco Pino como puerta de entrada a la poesía experimental española
Authors: Zorita Arroyo Diego
Published: February 2023

La obra de Francisco Pino ha recibido poca atención crítica pese a su importancia fundamental para comprender la poesía experimental española. En este artículo, interpreto uno de sus poemas de 1969 «Lírica que se vuelve económica». La interpretación que Túa Blesa ofreció en sus Logofagías no abunda en el radical cuestionamiento de la tradición lírica que este poema encarna. Este artículo revisa dicha interpretación y ofrece una propuesta alternativa que no refiera los procedimientos de silenciamiento del texto a la experiencia del poeta sino a las mediaciones materiales que han definido el sentido común sobre aquello que cuenta como un poema. Interpretado en esta perspectiva, el poema de Francisco Pino constituye una guía de lectura ineludible para comprender las creaciones poéticas experimentales del tardofranquismo.
Soberanías oscuras en América Latina
Authors: Guerrero Javier
Published: February 2023

Este artículo trata sobre un grupo de escritores y artistas latinoamericanos cuyos trabajos han irrumpido en la escena cultural de América Latina a lo largo de las últimas dos décadas para desconocer la transparencia óptica con la que se ha definido la visión. En especial, reviso las figuras de oscuridad, opacidad y ceguera con el fin de producir un nuevo estatuto de la imagen y de su función estética y política. Propongo que estas nuevas incursiones contralumínicas han intentado abolir las certezas fijadas por la modernidad, las cuales limitaron el conocimiento, con el fin de privilegiar otros estatutos que repiensan las mecánicas de los ojos. Las poéticas latinoamericanas que presento a continuación interrogan la visualidad con la intención de denunciar, pero, sobre todo, impugnar su capacidad de sujetar saberes y cuerpos. A contraluz, estos escritores, artistas y críticos han dado cuenta de cómo la luz ha sido capaz de hacer desaparecer, desconocer y fragmentar los cuerpos periféricos y sus oscuros saberes.
Entrever intersex
Authors: Giménez Gatto Fabián
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo explora, en primer término, las líneas de visibilidad que accionan la invención del espécimen hermafrodita desde el dispositivo biomédico, en particular, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Un segundo momento se focaliza en la reescritura de la figura del hermafrodita en Proyecto Intersexualde la artista Adiós al Futuro. Sugerimos una alternativa a la iatrogenia escópica presente en los mecanismos de especimenización propios de la mirada clínica. Esta alternativa se sugiere a partir de la conceptualización de un entrever intersex.
«¿Qué más iba a hacer la pobre?» Del Martín Fierro a la China Iron, reescribir los discursos que fundaron la Nación Argentina
Authors: Dorfman Daniela
Published: February 2023

Este artículo contrasta los discursos y concepciones que sustentaron la fundación de la Nación Argentina en el siglo XIX con aquellos que propone la novela de Gabriela Cabezón Cámara, Las aventuras de la China Iron (2017), al narrar la fundación ya no desde la voz y perspectiva de Martín Fierro sino desde las de su mujer, la China Iron. El artículo reflexiona sobre las condiciones de inteligibilidad cultural que definen vidas posibles, sobre cómo esas epistemologías se construyen social y políticamente y se transforman históricamente, y sobre las condiciones de posibilidad que habilitan formas más fluidas de subjetivación, relación, y organización comunitaria.
Educación, sentimiento, valor
Authors: Sanmartín Carlos
Published: February 2023

El tema del valor en la educación no solo es recurrente, sino de importancia fundamental, incluso para el planteamiento de cualquier propuesta educativa. La cuestión, en no pocas ocasiones, radica no tanto en transmitir teóricamente los conocimientos, sino en inculcar el motivo adecuado de su estructura y uso. Eneste trabajo nos proponemos examinar la conexión entre valor, sentimiento y cerebro a un nivel propedéutico, teniendo siempre en mente que el horizonte de esta perspectiva es el proceso de aprendizaje. Con respecto a la noción de valor, Zubiri nos ofrece una perspectiva de enorme riqueza y fecundidad, que pone enclaro la estructura del valor en el modo humano de comprender las cosas: estructuralmente, el valor es una realidad valiosa y uno de los vectores que configura la preferencia en toda elección. Se trata de uno de los vectores que permiten al ser humano escoger, de entre sus diferentes posibilidades, en cuál de ellas quiererealizarse como persona: se comprende así la relevancia del valor en el proceso educativo. Respecto a la interna conexión entre valor, sentimiento y cerebro desde una perspectiva fisiológica, recogeremos el hilo conductor, por un lado, de Damasio y, por otro, de Edelman. Damasio ofrece una sugestiva visión con su “hipótesis del marcador somático”, que evidencia la profunda importancia del sentimientoen cualquier proceso cognitivo. Desde el modelo de epigénesis proactiva, con Edelman podemos comprender de qué modo queda informado el cerebro por los procesos educativos: se trata de una auténtica reestructuración neuronal, guiadapor procesos de presión selectiva, que bien pueden ser creados desde el entorno en los mencionados procesos de aprendizaje.
Safety and effectiveness of self‐managed abortion using misoprostol alone acquired from an online telemedicine service in the United States
Authors: Johnson Dana M. , Michels‐Gualtieri Mira , Gomperts Rebecca , Aiken Abigail R. A.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To evaluate self‐reported outcomes and serious adverse events following self‐managed medication abortion using misoprostol alone provided from an online service.

Study Design

We conducted a retrospective record review of self‐managed abortion outcomes using misoprostol obtained from Aid Access, an online telemedicine organization serving United States (US) residents, between June 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020. The main outcomes were the proportion of people who reported ending their pregnancy without instrumentation intervention and the proportion who received treatment for serious adverse events.

Results

During the study period, 1016 people received prescriptions for misoprostol. We obtained follow‐up information for 610 (60%) of whom 568 confirmed use of the medication and 42 confirmed non‐use. When taking the medication, 96% were at or less than 10 weeks' gestation and 4% were more than 10 weeks. Overall, 88% (95% CI: 84.6–90.2) reported successfully ending their pregnancy without instrumentation intervention. Of the 568 who took the misoprostol, 12 (2%) reported experiencing one or more serious adverse events and 20 (4%) reported experiencing a symptom of a potential complication.

Conclusions

Self‐managed medication abortion using misoprostol provided by an online telemedicine service has a high rate of effectiveness and a low rate of serious adverse events. Outcomes compare favorably to other service delivery models using a similar regimen. As mifepristone continues to be over‐regulated and the 2022 US Supreme Court ruling allows states to severely restrict access to in‐clinic abortion care, this regimen is a promising option for self‐managed abortion in the US.
Deep learning segmentation of the tear fluid reservoir under the sclera lens in optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Zhou Yuheng , Lin Guangqing , Yu Xiangle , Cao Yang , Cheng Hongling , Shi Ce , Jiang Jun , Gao Hebei , Lu Fan , Shen Meixiao
Published: February 2023

The tear fluid reservoir (TFR) under the sclera lens is a unique
characteristic providing optical neutralization of any aberrations
from corneal irregularities. Anterior segment optical coherence
tomography (AS-OCT) has become an important imaging modality for
sclera lens fitting and visual rehabilitation therapy in both
optometry and ophthalmology. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether
deep learning can be used to segment the TFR from healthy and
keratoconus eyes, with irregular corneal surfaces, in OCT images.
Using AS-OCT, a dataset of 31850 images from 52 healthy and 46
keratoconus eyes, during sclera lens wear, was obtained and labeled
with our previously developed algorithm of semi-automatic
segmentation. A custom-improved U-shape network architecture with a
full-range multi-scale feature-enhanced module (FMFE-Unet) was
designed and trained. A hybrid loss function was designed to focus
training on the TFR, to tackle the class imbalance problem. The
experiments on our database showed an IoU, precision, specificity, and
recall of 0.9426, 0.9678, 0.9965, and 0.9731, respectively.
Furthermore, FMFE-Unet was found to outperform the other two
state-of-the-art methods and ablation models, suggesting its strength
in segmenting the TFR under the sclera lens depicted on OCT images.
The application of deep learning for TFR segmentation in OCT images
provides a powerful tool to assess changes in the dynamic tear film
under the sclera lens, improving the efficiency and accuracy of lens
fitting, and thus supporting the promotion of sclera lenses in
clinical practice.
Resolution analysis on light-field particle image velocimetry
Authors: Zhao Zhou , Yao Chunhui , Shi Shengxian , New T. H.
Published: February 2023

With rapid developments in light-field particle image velocimetry (LF-PIV) based on single-camera, dual-camera, and dual-camera with Scheimpflug lenses, comprehensive quantitative analysis and careful evaluation of their theoretical spatial resolutions are essential to guide their practical applications. This work presents a framework for and better understanding of the theoretical resolution distribution of various optical field cameras with different amounts and different optical settings in PIV. Based on Gaussian optics principles, a forward ray-tracing method is applied to define the spatial resolution and provides the basis of a volumetric calculation method. Such a method requires a relatively low and acceptable computational cost, and can easily be applied in dual-camera/Scheimpflug LF-PIV configuration, which has hardly been calculated and discussed previously. By varying key optical parameters such as magnification, camera separation angle, and tilt angle, a series of volume depth resolution distributions is presented and discussed. By taking advantage of volume data distributions, a universal evaluation criterion based on statistics that is suitable for all three LF-PIV configurations is hereby proposed. With such a criterion, the pros and cons of the three configurations, as well as the effects of key optical parameters, can then be quantitatively illustrated and compared, thus providing useful guidance on the configuration and optical parameter selections in practical implementations of LF-PIV.
Broadband Mie scattering effects by structural features of setae from the Saharan silver ant Cataglyphis bombycina
Authors: Schwind Bertram , Wu Xia , Tiemann Michael , Fabritius Helge-Otto
Published: February 2023

The Saharan desert ant Cataglyphis bombycina is densely covered with shiny silver setae (hair-like structures). Their appearance was explained by geometric optics and total internal reflection [Plos One 11, e0152325 (2016)POLNCL1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0152325]. The setae also increase the emissivity of the ant, as they form an effective medium [Science 349, 298 (2015)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.aab3564]. This work provides additional data on microstructural details of the setae that are used to simulate the scattering of an individual seta to explain their influence on the optical properties. This is achieved by characterization of their structure using light microscopy and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. How the microstructural features influence scattering is investigated wave-optically within the limits of finite-difference time-domain simulations from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared spectral range to elucidate the optical effects beyond ray optics and effective medium theory. The results show that Mie scattering plays an important role in protecting the ant from solar radiation and could be relevant for its thermal tolerance.
Untrained, physics-informed neural networks for structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Burns Zachary , Liu Zhaowei
Published: February 2023

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a popular super-resolution imaging technique that can achieve resolution improvements of 2× and greater depending on the illumination patterns used. Traditionally, images are reconstructed using the linear SIM reconstruction algorithm. However, this algorithm has hand-tuned parameters which can often lead to artifacts, and it cannot be used with more complex illumination patterns. Recently, deep neural networks have been used for SIM reconstruction, yet they require training sets that are difficult to capture experimentally. We demonstrate that we can combine a deep neural network with the forward model of the structured illumination process to reconstruct sub-diffraction images without training data. The resulting physics-informed neural network (PINN) can be optimized on a single set of diffraction-limited sub-images and thus does not require any training set. We show, with simulated and experimental data, that this PINN can be applied to a wide variety of SIM illumination methods by simply changing the known illumination patterns used in the loss function and can achieve resolution improvements that match theoretical expectations.
Quantifying the spatial, temporal, angular and spectral structure of effective daylight in perceptually meaningful ways
Authors: Yu Cehao , Wijntjes Maarten , Eisemann Elmar , Pont Sylvia
Published: February 2023

We present a method to capture the 7-dimensional light field structure, and translate it into perceptually-relevant information. Our spectral cubic illumination method quantifies objective correlates of perceptually relevant diffuse and directed light components, including their variations over time, space, in color and direction, and the environment’s response to sky and sunlight. We applied it “in the wild”, capturing how light on a sunny day differs between light and shadow, and how light varies over sunny and cloudy days. We discuss the added value of our method for capturing nuanced lighting effects on scene and object appearance, such as chromatic gradients.
Terahertz electromagnetic signal enhancement in split ring resonators featuring waveguide modes
Authors: Ren Yinghui , Wang Xiaogang , Xiao Chijie
Published: February 2023

To resolve the high attenuation issue in terahertz (THz) wave propagation in air, we propose a split ring resonator (SRR) structure, consisting of a subwavelength slit and a circular cavity in the wavelength size, which can support coupling resonant modes and achieve a remarkable omnidirectional electromagnetic signals gain (∼40 dB) at 0.4 THz. Based on the Bruijn method, we also develop and numerically confirm a new analytic approach which successfully predicts the dependence of field enhancement on key geometric parameters of the SRR. Compared to the typical LC resonance, the enhanced field at the coupling resonance exhibits a high-quality waveguide mode in the circular cavity, paving a way for direct detection and transmission of the enhanced THz signals in future communication systems.
Effects of pump laser intensity on the cell temperature working point in a K-Rb-21Ne spin-exchange relaxation-free co-magnetometer
Authors: Ruan Jiasen , Duan Lihong , Fu Yang , Fan Wenfeng , Quan Wei
Published: February 2023

The cell temperature working point optimization of the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometer is studied theoretically and experimentally in this article. Based on the steady-state solution of the Bloch equations, the steady-state response model of the K-Rb-21Ne SERF co-magnetometer output signal with cell temperature is established in this paper. And combined with the model, a method to find the optimal working point of the cell temperature that incorporates the pump laser intensity is proposed. The scale factor of the co-magnetometer under different pump laser intensities and cell temperatures is obtained experimentally, and the long-term stability of the co-magnetometer at the different cell temperatures with corresponding pump laser intensities is measured. The results show that the bias instability of the co-magnetometer is reduced from 0.0311 deg/h to 0.0169 deg/h by obtaining the optimal working point of the cell temperature, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the theoretical derivation and the proposed method.
Spectral broadening of 2-mJ femtosecond pulses in a compact air-filled convex–concave multi-pass cell
Authors: Omar Alan , Vogel Tim , Hoffmann Martin , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: February 2023

Multi-pass cell (MPC) based temporal pulse compressors have emerged in recent years as a powerful and versatile solution to the intrinsic issue of long pulses from Yb-based high-power ultrafast lasers. The spectral broadening of high-energy (typically more than 100 µJ) pulses has only been realized in gas-filled MPCs due to the significantly lower nonlinear coefficient of gases compared with solid-state media. Whereas these systems reach impressive performance in terms of spectral broadening with very low spatiotemporal couplings, they are typically complex setups, i.e., large and costly pressure-controlled vacuum chambers to avoid strong focusing, ionization, and damage to the mirrors. Here, we present spectral broadening of 2-mJ pulses in a simple and compact (60-cm-long) multi-pass cell operated in ambient air. Instead of the traditional Herriott cell with concave-concave (CC/CC) mirrors, we use a convex–concave (CX/CC) design, where the beam stays large at all times, both minimizing damage and allowing operation in ambient air. We demonstrate spectral broadening of 2.1-mJ pulses at 100 kHz repetition rate (200 W of average power) from 2.1 nm (pulse duration of 670 fs) to a spectral bandwidth of 24.5 nm, supporting 133-fs pulses with 96% transmission efficiency. We show the compressibility of these pulses down to 134 fs and verify that the spectral homogeneity of the beam is similar to previously reported CC/CC designs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a CX/CC MPC compressor operated at high pulse energies in air. Because of its simplicity, small footprint, and low cost, we believe this demonstration will have significant impact in the ultrafast laser community.
Femtosecond laser line-by-line tilted Bragg grating inscription in single-mode step-index TOPAS/ZEONEX polymer optical fiber
Authors: Qu Hang , Chen Zhen , Gao Shixin , Min Rui , Woyessa Getinet , Bang Ole , Wang Heng , Caucheteur Christophe , Hu Xuehao
Published: February 2023

In this Letter, we demonstrate 8°-tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) inscription in single-mode step-index TOPAS/ZEONEX polymer optical fibers (POFs) using a 520 nm femtosecond laser and the line-by-line (LbL) writing technique. As a result of the tilt angle and the fiber refractive index, a large spectral range of cladding mode resonances covering 147 nm is obtained. The evolution of the transmitted spectrum is analyzed as a function of the surrounding refractive index (SRI) in a large range from 1.30 to 1.50. The cutoff cladding mode shows a refractive index sensitivity of 507 nm/RIU (refractive index unit). For single-resonance tracking near the cutoff mode, the sensitivity is at least 6 nm/RIU, depending on the exact wavelength position of the cladding modes. The main originality of our work is that it produces, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a TFBG in POF that operates in the refractive index range of aqueous solutions. The sensing capability for a large range of refractive index values is also relevant for (bio)chemical sensing in different media.
Parallel photonic accelerator for decision making using optical spatiotemporal chaos
Authors: Morijiri Kensei , Takehana Kento , Mihana Takatomo , Kanno Kazutaka , Naruse Makoto , Uchida Atsushi
Published: February 2023

Photonic accelerators have attracted increasing attention for use in artificial intelligence applications. The multi-armed bandit problem is a fundamental problem of decision making using reinforcement learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, the scalability of photonic decision making has not yet been demonstrated in experiments because of the technical difficulties in the physical realization. We propose a parallel photonic decision-making system to solve large-scale multi-armed bandit problems using optical spatiotemporal chaos. We solved a 512-armed bandit problem online, which is larger than those in previous experiments by two orders of magnitude. The scaling property for correct decision making is examined as a function of the number of slot machines, evaluated as an exponent of 0.86. This exponent is smaller than that in previous studies, indicating the superiority of the proposed parallel principle. This experimental demonstration facilitates photonic decision making to solve large-scale multi-armed bandit problems for future photonic accelerators.
Comprehensive structural characterization of the human AAA+ disaggregase CLPB in the apo- and substrate-bound states reveals a unique mode of action driven by oligomerization
Authors: Wu Damu , Liu Yan , Dai Yuhao , Wang Guopeng , Lu Guoliang , Chen Yan , Li Ningning , Lin Jinzhong , Gao Ning
Published: February 2023

The human AAA+ ATPase CLPB (SKD3) is a protein disaggregase in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) and functions to promote the solubilization of various mitochondrial proteins. Loss-of-function CLPB mutations are associated with a few human diseases with neutropenia and neurological disorders. Unlike canonical AAA+ proteins, CLPB contains a unique ankyrin repeat domain (ANK) at its N-terminus. How CLPB functions as a disaggregase and the role of its ANK domain are currently unclear. Herein, we report a comprehensive structural characterization of human CLPB in both the apo- and substrate-bound states. CLPB assembles into homo-tetradecamers in apo-state and is remodeled into homo-dodecamers upon substrate binding. Conserved pore-loops (PLs) on the ATPase domains form a spiral staircase to grip and translocate the substrate in a step-size of 2 amino acid residues. The ANK domain is not only responsible for maintaining the higher-order assembly but also essential for the disaggregase activity. Interactome analysis suggests that the ANK domain may directly interact with a variety of mitochondrial substrates. These results reveal unique properties of CLPB as a general disaggregase in mitochondria and highlight its potential as a target for the treatment of various mitochondria-related diseases.
Cell-autonomous requirement for ACE2 across organs in lethal mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Tang Alan T. , Buchholz David W. , Szigety Katherine M. , Imbiakha Brian , Gao Siqi , Frankfurter Maxwell , Wang Min , Yang Jisheng , Hewins Peter , Mericko-Ishizuka Patricia , Leu N Adrian , Sterling Stephanie , Monreal Isaac A. , Sahler Julie , August Avery , Zhu Xuming , Jurado Kellie A. , Xu Mingang , Morrisey Edward E. , Millar Sarah E. , Aguilar Hector C. , Kahn Mark L.
Published: February 2023

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cell-surface receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While its central role in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis is indisputable, there remains significant debate regarding the role of this transmembrane carboxypeptidase in the disease course. These include the role of soluble versus membrane-bound ACE2, as well as ACE2-independent mechanisms that may contribute to viral spread. Testing these roles requires in vivo models. Here, we report humanized ACE2-floxed mice in which hACE2 is expressed from the mouse Ace2 locus in a manner that confers lethal disease and permits cell-specific, Cre-mediated loss of function, and LSL-hACE2 mice in which hACE2 is expressed from the Rosa26 locus enabling cell-specific, Cre-mediated gain of function. Following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, hACE2-floxed mice experienced lethal cachexia, pulmonary infiltrates, intravascular thrombosis and hypoxemia—hallmarks of severe COVID-19. Cre-mediated loss and gain of hACE2 demonstrate that neuronal infection confers lethal cachexia, hypoxemia, and respiratory failure in the absence of lung epithelial infection. In this series of genetic experiments, we demonstrate that ACE2 is absolutely and cell-autonomously required for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the olfactory epithelium, brain, and lung across diverse cell types. Therapies inhibiting or blocking ACE2 at these different sites are likely to be an effective strategy towards preventing severe COVID-19.
Spinal cord extracts of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spread TDP-43 pathology in cerebral organoids
Authors: Tamaki Yoshitaka , Ross Jay P. , Alipour Paria , Castonguay Charles-Étienne , Li Boting , Catoire Helene , Rochefort Daniel , Urushitani Makoto , Takahashi Ryosuke , Sonnen Joshua A. , Stifani Stefano , Dion Patrick A. , Rouleau Guy A.
Published: February 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by progressive loss of motor neurons and there is currently no effective therapy. Cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) within the CNS is a pathological hallmark in sporadic ALS and prion-like propagation of pathogenic TDP-43 is thought to be implicated in disease progression. However, cell-to-cell transmission of pathogenic TDP-43 in the human CNS has not been confirmed experimentally. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived cerebral organoids as recipient CNS tissue model that are anatomically relevant human brain. We injected postmortem spinal cord protein extracts individually from three non-ALS or five sporadic ALS patients containing pathogenic TDP-43 into the cerebral organoids to validate the templated propagation and spreading of TDP-43 pathology in human CNS tissue. We first demonstrated that the administration of spinal cord extracts from an ALS patient induced the formation of TDP-43 pathology that progressively spread in a time-dependent manner in cerebral organoids, suggesting that pathogenic TDP-43 from ALS functioned as seeds and propagated cell-to-cell to form de novo TDP-43 pathology. We also reported that the administration of ALS patient-derived protein extracts caused astrocyte proliferation to form astrogliosis in cerebral organoids, reproducing the pathological feature seen in ALS. Moreover, we showed pathogenic TDP-43 induced cellular apoptosis and that TDP-43 pathology correlated with genomic damage due to DNA double-strand breaks. Thus, our results provide evidence that patient-derived pathogenic TDP-43 can mimic the prion-like propagation of TDP-43 pathology in human CNS tissue. Our findings indicate that our assays with human cerebral organoids that replicate ALS pathophysiology have a promising strategy for creating readouts that could be used in future drug discovery efforts against ALS.