bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reassessing the Global Significance of Geological Heritage in the Miné-Akiyoshidai Karst Plateau Aspiring UNESCO Global Geopark
Authors: Wakita Koji , Obara Hokuto , Oyama Nozomu , Murakami Takashi
Published: February 2025

The Miné-Akiyoshidai Karst Plateau aspiring UNESCO Global Geopark (aUGGp) in western Japan hosts several geologically significant heritage sites, including the Late Paleozoic Akiyoshi Limestone, the Late Triassic Mine Group, the Late Cretaceous Naganobori copper deposits, and the Akiyoshido Cave and karst plateau. The Akiyoshi Limestone at the Kaerimizu site originated as an atoll reef atop a seamount on an oceanic plate. It preserves approximately 80 million years of ancient marine environments and subduction-related tectonic histories. The Mine Group at the Momonoki site, with its coal-bearing strata, contains fossils of the earliest members of Diptera and Hymenoptera. The Naganobori copper mine at the Naganobori site played a vital role in Japanese society from the 8th to the 20th centuries. Meanwhile, the Akiyoshido site, renowned for its scenic beauty, is one of Japan’s most iconic tourist destinations. Using the IUGS guidelines and geoheritage assessment methodology, we reassessed the value and utilization of these geological heritage sites. The Kaerimizu and Momonoki sites were identified as internationally significant and ideal for scientific research. The Naganobori site was determined to be well-suited for educational purposes with national significance, while the Akiyoshido site was deemed optimal for geotourism with national significance.
Diagnosis-Related Group-Based Financing of Gynecologic Oncology Clinics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Titopoulou Alexandra , Vavoulidis Eleftherios , Margioula-Siarkou Chrysoula , Margioula-Siarkou Georgia , Almperis Aristarchos , Petousis Stamatios , Mavromatidis Georgios , Dardavesis Theodoros , Dinas Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based financing, a subcategory of case-based payment models, has been established as the primary reimbursement scheme in most high-income countries. Almost 40 years thereafter, the impact of the reform on gynecologic oncology funding and recompensation has not been clearly elucidated. This systematic review aims to address the scarce bibliographic data, consolidate the information regarding DRG-based systems in gynecologic oncology, evaluate the advantages and challenges of its implementation worldwide, and examine alternative and complementary recompensation schemes in this context. Methods: A stringent and comprehensive literature review of original articles using online databases (Google Scholar and Pubmed) yielded 173 potential results. Results: These were further assessed for relevance and eligibility and, finally, an in-depth investigation of 15 articles was conducted. We concluded that, despite the fact that DRG-based financing may be beneficial in most healthcare scenarios, the reimbursement scheme is challenged in the context of gynecologic oncology. Conclusions: An innovative approach comprising a combination of the values of case-based and value-based payment models would extend healthcare services beyond acute treatments and propose new perspectives in holistic healthcare provision in a financially sustainable environment.
YouTube as a Source of Information for Dietary Guidance and Advisory Content in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Tur Kagan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Fatty liver disease (FLD), particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing global health concern that underscores the need for effective dietary management strategies. With over 25% of patients seeking dietary advice through platforms like YouTube, the quality and reliability of this information remain critical. However, the disparity in educational value and engagement metrics between professional and non-professional content remains underexplored. This study evaluates YouTube’s role in disseminating dietary advice for FLD management, focusing on content reliability, engagement metrics, and the educational value of videos. Methods: This cross-sectional study systematically analyzed 183 YouTube videos on FLD and dietary advice. Videos were selected based on relevance, English language, and non-promotional content. Scoring systems, including DISCERN, Global Quality Score (GQS), and the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), were employed to assess reliability, quality, and educational value. Engagement metrics such as views, likes, dislikes, and interaction rates were analyzed across uploader categories, including healthcare professionals, patients, and undefined sources. Results: Videos uploaded by healthcare professionals demonstrated significantly higher DISCERN scores (4.2 ± 0.8) and GQS ratings (4.1 ± 0.6) compared to patient-generated content (DISCERN: 2.8 ± 0.9; GQS: 3.0 ± 0.7). However, patient-generated videos achieved higher engagement rates, with median views reaching 340,000 (IQR: 15,000–1,000,000) compared to 450,050 (IQR: 23,000–1,800,000) for professional videos. Nutritional recommendations spanned diverse approaches, including low-carb diets, Mediterranean diets, and guidance to avoid processed foods and sugars. A significant proportion of videos lacked evidence-based content, particularly among non-professional uploads. Conclusions: YouTube represents a widely accessed but inconsistent source of dietary advice for FLD. While healthcare professional videos exhibit higher reliability and educational value, patient-generated content achieves broader engagement, revealing a critical gap in trusted, accessible dietary guidance. These findings highlight the need for clinicians and content creators to collaborate in curating and disseminating evidence-based content, ensuring patients receive accurate, actionable advice for managing FLD.
Exploring the Equality and Determinants of Basic Educational Public Services from a Spatial Variation Perspective Using POI Data
Authors: Wei Hejie , Ji Wenfeng , Li Ling , Yang Yi , Liu Mengxue
Published: February 2025

The equitable distribution of basic educational services is crucial for attaining educational fairness and promoting balanced demographic and economic growth. This research leverages point-of-interest (POI) data to analyze the spatial arrangement of basic educational service facilities in the Yellow River Basin of China. Employing kernel density analysis and spatial autocorrelation with a geographic information system tool, this study examines the spatial distribution of these facilities. It also applies geographically weighted regression to identify the primary factors influencing their spatial layout. This study reveals a pronounced disparity between the four downstream and five upstream provinces of the Yellow River Basin in terms of basic educational facility availability. In the downstream provinces, facilities constitute 82.45% of the total, markedly surpassing the level of 17.55% in the upstream provinces. The kernel density analysis shows that areas with a high concentration of educational facilities often align with provincial capitals, including Taiyuan in Shanxi Province, Xi’an in Shaanxi Province, Zhengzhou in Henan Province, and regions around Shandong Province. Significant regional differences exist within the Yellow River Basin. Preprimary, primary, and secondary education facilities exhibit strong spatial clustering, with Moran’s I indices of 0.26, 0.19, and 0.09, respectively. High–high clusters of preprimary education are predominantly found in the western region of the basin, whereas low–low clusters appear in some eastern and northern areas. Primary and secondary educational facilities show high–high clustering in the north. The spatial distribution of these educational facilities is chiefly influenced by the permanent population and the proportion of the tertiary industry. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and educational fiscal expenditure play secondary roles in influencing the spatial layout. The results have important practical significance for promoting the equalization of basic education public services and equal educational opportunities for the school-age population in the Yellow River Basin.
The Effect of Commiphora molmol Nanoparticles as an Endodontic Irrigant on the Morphology, Viability, Migration, and Proliferation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study
Authors: AlMobarak Sultanah , AlMadi Ebtissam , Almohaimede Amal , Badran Mohamed , Lambarte Rhodanne A.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a newly formulated Commiphora molmol (CM) nano-irrigant on the morphology, viability, proliferation, migration, and wound healing of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). Different concentrations of CM nano-irrigant were prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined to be 25 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. The solution was dispersed into liposomes, which were subsequently coated with chitosan-forming chitosomes. Three concentrations of CM chitosomes were evaluated (25, 30, and 35 mg/mL) along with positive (5.25% NaOCl) and negative (basal culture media) control groups. Cellular viability and proliferation were quantified using AlamarBlue, while wound-healing ability was determined using the scratch assay, and 3D cellular migration was evaluated using the transwell migration assay. All tested concentrations induced observable changes in cellular morphology without any detrimental effects. Viability was monitored at 1, 6, and 24 h, with only Group 1 (25 mg/mL) showing no significant effect on cellular viability. Cellular proliferation was observed over 14 days, with Group 3 (35 mg/mL) being the only group that showed a significantly slower proliferative rate. All tested concentrations resulted in significant differences in transwell migration compared to the negative control. Significant differences were observed within each group across different time points (24–48 h). The results confirm the biocompatibility of the newly formulated CM nano-irrigant in terms of hBMMSCs’ viability, proliferation, morphology, migration, and wound healing.
The Role of the Fox Gene in Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Pei Shaoxuan , Zhang Dechun , Li Zhuohan , Liu Jinkai , Li Ziyi , Chen Jianrui , Xie Zhenzhen
Published: February 2025

Forkhead box (FOX) genes are a family of transcription factors that participate in many biological activities, from early embryogenesis to the formation of organs, and from regulation of glucose metabolism to regulation of longevity. Given the extensive influence in the multicellular process, FOX family proteins are responsible for the progression of many types of cancers, especially lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and other cancers. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and 2.3 million women were diagnosed in 2020. So, various drugs targeting the FOX signaling pathway have been developed to inhibit breast cancer progression. While the role of the FOX family gene in cancer development has not received enough attention, discovering more potential drugs targeting the FOX signaling pathway is urgently demanded. Here, we review the main members in the FOX gene family and summarize their signaling pathway, including the regulation of the FOX genes and their effects on breast cancer progression. We hope this review will emphasize the understanding of the role of the FOX gene in breast cancer and inspire the discovery of effective anti-breast cancer medicines targeting the FOX gene in the future.
On the Creation of a Corpus-Derived Medical Multi-Word Term List
Authors: Florescu Cosmin Mihail , Ohniwa Ryosuke L.
Published: February 2025

Although several studies have succeeded in creating medical word lists using corpus analysis methods, there is currently a shortage of comprehensive lists containing medical multi-word terms (MWTs). This study attempts to fill this gap by identifying medical MWTs using a large corpus of English language medical textbooks (28,384,681 running words). The term extraction function in Sketch Engine was used to extract high-frequency MWTs and to calculate keyness and dispersion data for each MWT. The validity of the resulting list and of specific subsets was tested using a different medical corpus and a general English corpus. The resulting list comprises 3307 MWTs with 63.83% (2111 MWTs) occurring at comparable frequencies in the different medical corpus and only 0.97% (32 MWTs) occurring at comparable frequencies in the general English corpus. The study also revealed clear differences in replicability between semantic subsets, with MWTs from the Anatomy and the Disorders semantic groups displaying high replicability, while MWTs from the Concepts and Ideas semantic group showed low to moderate replicability. The list may be used to develop evidence-based materials in English for Medical Purposes courses and to further explore how information is packaged in healthcare communication settings.
Transition from Traditional Knowledge Retrieval into AI-Powered Knowledge Retrieval in Infrastructure Projects: A Literature Review
Authors: Boamah Fredrick Ahenkora , Jin Xiaohua , Senaratne Sepani , Perera Srinath
Published: February 2025

The transition from traditional knowledge retrieval to artificial intelligence-powered knowledge retrieval signifies a fundamental change in data processing, analysis, and use in infrastructure projects. This systematic review presents a thorough literature analysis, examining the transition of traditional knowledge retrieval strategies from manual-based and statistical models to modern AI methodologies. This study systematically retrieved data from 2015–2024 through Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. This study underscores the constraints of traditional approaches, particularly their reliance on manually generated rules and domain-specific attributes, in comparison to the flexibility and scalability of AI-powered solutions. This review highlights limitations, including data bias, computing requirements, and interpretability in the AI-powered knowledge retrieval systems, while exploring possible mitigating measures. This paper integrates current research to clarify the advancements in knowledge retrieval and discusses prospective avenues for integrating AI technology to tackle developing data-driven concerns in knowledge retrieval for infrastructure projects.
Catalytic Activity of Pt/Pd Mono- and Bimetallic Catalysts in Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump/Compressor
Authors: Borisov Nevelin , Mladenova Borislava , Borisov Galin , Slavcheva Evelina
Published: February 2025

In this study, mono- and bimetallic platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and Pt-Pd nanoparticles were synthesized using the wet sol–gel method, employing a carbon-based XC72R as catalytic carrier. The overall metal content was set at 40 wt.% at varying Pt:Pd ratios. Characterization of the morphology and surface structure was conducted through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The electrochemical performance and catalytic activity against the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were assessed in a three-electrode cell for screening purposes, as well as in a prototype cell of an electrochemical hydrogen pump/compressor (EHP/C) where the catalysts served as cathodes, while the anode was Pt/XC72 40% wt. with 0.38 mgPt·cm−2 within a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with a 180 µm thick Nafion 117 proton-conductive membrane. The results obtained indicated superior catalytic activity of the bimetallic catalysts in comparison to the pure metal samples. Further electrochemical tests in an EHP/C cell at varying differential pressures in the range of 0–3 bar revealed stable behavior and high current density, reaching approximately 0.7 A cm−2 at 60 °C. The accelerated durability tests performed demonstrated excellent stability of the synthesized composite catalysts. These findings underscore the potential of Pt-Pd nanoparticles as efficient catalysts with sustainable performance for electrochemical hydrogen pumping/compressing applications.
The Impact of Aortic Arch Morphology on Periprocedural Stroke in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Voss Stephanie , Rusa Katerina , Campanella Caterina , Georgescu Teodora , Vitanova Keti , Ruge Hendrik , Amabile Andrea , Sideris Konstantinos , Krane Markus , Burri Melchior
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) continues to be one of the most concerning complications. Anatomical variations of the aortic arch may increase the risk of embolic debris entering the brain during transfemoral catheter manipulation. We aimed to analyze the influence of aortic arch morphology on the occurrence of ischemic stroke during TAVR. Methods: We performed a retrospective, 1:2 propensity-matched case–control study to compare patients with and without periprocedural stroke (defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium III endpoints) after transfemoral TAVR between June 2007 and September 2022. Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) analysis of pre-TAVR aortograms was performed to investigate arch anatomy, configuration, curvature, and the take-off angles of the epi-aortic vessels. Results: A total of 2371 patients were enrolled in this study. Periprocedural ischemic stroke was observed in 67 patients. After propensity score matching, this study included 201 patients: 67 (case) vs. 134 (control). The mean age was 80.0 ± 13.2 and 81.6 ± 6.4 years (p = 0.5), and the mean Euroscore II was 4.1 ± 3.6 and 4.3 ± 41 (p = 0.7). There was no difference in arch anatomy (p = 0.2) and configuration (p = 0.8) between the groups. Arch curvature (p = 0.9) and angulation of the brachiocephalic (p = 0.3) and left common carotid artery (p = 0.058) also did not differ significantly between the case and control groups. Conclusions: MSCT analysis in this propensity score-matched study found no correlation between aortic arch geometry and TAVR-associated stroke.
The Role of Trans-Oesophageal Echocardiography in the Interventional Cardiology of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Giordano Mario , Scognamiglio Giancarlo , Gaio Gianpiero , Marzullo Raffaella , Palma Michela , Barracano Rosaria , Fusco Flavia , Borrelli Nunzia , Sperlongano Simona , Cimmino Giovanni , Russo Maria Giovanna , Sarubbi Berardo
Published: February 2025

Advances in interventional cardiology have significantly broadened the range of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) amenable to trans-catheter interventions. Trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE) plays a pivotal role as a procedural guide in several percutaneous treatments. Enhanced imaging modalities and technological innovations in echocardiography have refined the precision and applicability of these approaches. This review explores the role, impact, and advancements of TOE in trans-catheter treatments for adult CHDs, including both common procedures (e.g., atrial septal defect closure, ventricular septal defect closure) and less frequent interventions (e.g., Mustard/Senning baffle leak closure, Fontan conduit fenestration, ruptured sinus of Valsalva embolization).
Establishing Benchmark Properties for 3D-Printed Concrete: A Study of Printability, Strength, and Durability
Authors: Sapata Alise , Šinka Māris , Šahmenko Genādijs , Korat Bensa Lidija , Hanžič Lucija , Šter Katarina , Ručevskis Sandris , Bajāre Diāna , Bos Freek P.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the fresh state and hardened state mechanical and durability properties of 3D-printed concrete. The mechanical tests focused on its anisotropic behavior in response to different load orientations. Compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths were evaluated relative to the print layers orientation. Results showed that compressive strength varied significantly, achieving 85% of cast sample strength when the load was applied parallel to the print layers ([u] direction), 71% when the load was applied perpendicular to the print object’s side plane ([v] direction), while only reaching 59% when applied perpendicular to the top plane ([w] direction). Similar trends were observed for flexural strength, with average values reaching 75% of cast sample strength when the load was applied perpendicular to the print layers ([v.u] and [w.u] directions), but decreasing to 53% when the load was applied parallel to print layers ([u.w] direction), underscoring the weaknesses at interlayer interfaces. The splitting tensile strength remained relatively consistent across print orientations, reaching 90% of the cast sample strength. Durability assessment tests revealed that 3D-printed concrete exhibits reduced resistance to environmental factors, particularly at the layer interfaces where the cold joint was formed, which are prone to moisture penetration and crack formation. These findings contribute valuable insights into the mechanical and durability properties of 3D-printed concrete, emphasizing the importance of print orientation and interlayer bonding in its performance. This understanding helps guide the optimal use of 3D-printed elements in real-life applications by aligning load or exposure to environmental factors with the material’s strength and durability characteristics.
A New Expression for a Goda Type Breaker Index Formula in Spectral Wave Models
Authors: Chen Zereng , Zhang Qinghe , Nie Yang
Published: February 2025

The breaker index in contemporary spectral wave models is a vital parameter in studying depth-induced wave breaking, which is an important mechanism in coastal engineering. In the previous study, the authors modified a Goda type breaker index formula and parameterized it in a spectral wave model. Although this parameterization model can accurately simulate nearshore wave height variations under various laboratory and field conditions, the computation of deep-water wave conditions in the formula necessitates reverse calculation based on the incident waves, thus limiting its applicability. To solve this problem, a new expression for this Goda type breaker index is rederived, enabling its applicability to simulate breaking waves caused by variable wave conditions on open boundaries and wind field inputs in the whole computational region. The model’s capability to simulate wave heights in laboratory and field experiments is comparable to that of the original formula.
Occlusion and Biomechanical Risk Factors in Implant-Supported Full-Arch Fixed Dental Prostheses—Narrative Review
Authors: Berzaghi Andrea , Testori Tiziano , Scaini Riccardo , Bortolini Sergio
Published: February 2025

The biophysiological differences between teeth and dental implants and the issue of occlusal overload, although controversial, form the basis for the management of occlusion in implant-supported full-arch fixed dental prostheses (ISFAFDPs). Although there is currently a lack of scientific evidence on occlusal management, it is clear that the favorable prognosis of ISFAFDPs is linked to a correct understanding of the biomechanical principles involved. In the design of ISFAFDPs, the lack of proprioceptive feedback requires special attention to biomechanical factors: minimizing overloading complications and providing biomechanical stability are among the main goals of the occlusion. In ISFAFDPs, the occlusion must be decided on the basis of several factors that influence the loads on prosthesis and implants: each case must be evaluated individually and requires a personalized occlusion. The main aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the occlusal principles and materials that can be used in ISFAFDPs based on the data currently available in the literature. Practical clinical recommendations for the occlusion management of ISFAFDPs and a biomechanical risk score index to personalize implant-prosthetic treatment are proposed.
From Soil to Servers: Persistent Neglect of Land Resources and Its Looming Repetition for Users in the Digital Age
Authors: Özdilek Ünsal
Published: February 2025

For well over a century, unresolved ambiguities in defining land as a finite, non-renewable resource have often facilitated rent-seeking and shaped inequitable distributions of wealth derived from nature and collective contributions. In the absence of clear conceptual and legal distinctions between land’s intrinsic worth and the incremental value conferred by human-made improvements, communities and ecosystems were frequently denied their rightful share, thereby influencing inequitable economic, social, and environmental trajectories. Though not universal, these historical patterns now reemerge in “digital land” platforms, where data, user engagement, and communal knowledge are likewise subject to private appropriation. By bridging these classical land debates with emerging forms of digital exploitation, this article offers a novel theoretical framework that reveals how unresolved land-valuation ambiguities reappear in user-generated data ecosystems. Without robust conceptual frameworks and effective regulatory oversight, such digital spheres risk replicating the exploitative logic once attached to physical land. By clarifying these parallels, this article underscores the urgent need for well-informed governance inspired by past land policy debates—particularly those focused on equity, transparency, and sustainability. Ensuring that resource management, whether rooted in soil or servers, consistently adheres to principles of fairness and shared prosperity is essential to avert new forms of unregulated extraction and to advance more inclusive, sustainable development.
A Hypothesis That Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Exert Immediate and Multifaceted Effects by Activating Adenosine Monophosphate-Activate Protein Kinase (AMPK)
Authors: Schooling C. Mary , Yang Guoyi , Soliman Ghada A. , Leung Gabriel M.
Published: February 2025

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduce bodyweight and blood glucose. Extensive evidence from randomized controlled trials has indicated that GLP-1RAs have benefits well beyond weight loss and glucose control, extending from reductions in cardiovascular mortality to reductions in prostate cancer risk. Notably, some benefits of GLP-1RAs for the cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) system arise before weight loss occurs for reasons that are not entirely clear but are key to patient care and drug development. Here, we hypothesize that GLP-1RAs act by inducing calorie restriction and by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which not only provides an explanation for the unique effectiveness of GLP-1RAs but also indicates a common mechanism shared by effective CKM therapies, including salicylates, metformin, statins, healthy diet, and physical activity. Whether AMPK activation is obligatory for effective CKM therapies should be considered. As such, we propose a mechanism of action for GLP-1RAs and explain how it provides an overarching framework for identifying means of preventing and treating cardiovascular, kidney, metabolic and related diseases, as well as informing the complementary question as to the components of a healthy lifestyle.
A Novel Tool Wear Identification Method Based on a Semi-Supervised LSTM
Authors: He Xin , Zhong Meipeng , He Chengcheng , Wu Jinhao , Yang Haiyang , Zhao Zhigao , Yang Wei , Jing Cong , Li Yanlin , Gao Chen
Published: February 2025

Machine learning models have been widely used in the field of cutting tool wear identification, achieving favorable results. However, in actual industrial scenarios, obtaining sufficient labeled samples is time consuming and costly, while unlabeled samples are abundant and easy to collect. This situation significantly affects the model’s performance. To address this challenge, a novel semi-supervised method, based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, is provided. The proposed method leverages both small labeled and abundant unlabeled data to improve tool wear identification performance. The proposed method trains an initial tool wear regression model using LSTM, using a small amount of labeled samples. It then uses manifold regularization to generate pseudo-labels for the unlabeled samples. These pseudo-labeled samples are combined with the original labeled samples to retrain the MR–LSTM model iteratively to improve its performance. This process continues until a termination condition is met. The method considers the correlation between sample labels and feature structures, as well as the correlation between global and local sample labels. Experiments involving milling tool wear identification demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms support vector regression (SVR) and recurrent neural network (RNN)-based methods, when a small amount of labeled samples and abundant unlabeled samples are available. The average R2 values in terms of the proposed method’s predicted results can reach above 0.95. The proposed method is a potential technique for low-cost tool wear identification, without the need to collect a large number of labeled samples.
Enhancing the Salt Frost Durability of Concrete with Modified Epoxy Composite Coating
Authors: Cong Lu , Wang Yanchao , Gao Xuekai
Published: February 2025

A durable and easy-to-operate treatment, modified epoxy composite coating (MECC), was proposed in this study as a potential alternative to traditional epoxy resin protectants to enhance the protection of concrete structures. This new material consists of epoxy resin as the base material, dimethyl carbonate as the solvent, and modified amines and polyaniline as a composite curing agent that reacts with epoxy resin to form a film over the surface of concrete, thus protecting concrete structures from surface cracking, peeling, and spalling when exposed to chloride. Salt frost resistance tests indicated that MECC specimens had lower water absorption and much higher salt frost resistance. Compared with non-coating (NS) specimens, after 200 freeze–thaw cycles, the relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) was 21.62% higher, and the mass loss was merely 19.14% of that of the NS specimens. Better performance was achieved as compared with ordinary epoxy resin coating (EC) and silicate coating (SC) too. After 120 days of erosion in 10.0% NaCl, the coating could effectively prevent environmental liquids and chloride from intruding through the cracks. The reason behind the increased salt frost durability is that treatment with MECC improved the internal structure of concrete and made its surface dense enough to prevent the intrusion of environmental liquids and chloride. Under repeated freezing and thawing, the degree of chloride-induced damage and the icing pressure inside the concrete were greatly reduced. This relieved the frost damage inside the concrete and elongated the service life of the concrete.
Integrating Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multidetector Computed Tomography for Analysis of Heat-Induced Changes in Bone
Authors: Leskovar Tamara , Cavalli Fabio , Legan Lea , Innocenti Dario , Ropret Polonca , Črešnar Matija
Published: February 2025

Charred and burned human and animal skeletal remains are frequently found in archaeological records and can also be subjects of forensic investigations. Heat exposure causes specific changes to the physical and chemical characteristics of these remains, offering valuable insights into their taphonomic history. This research combines the commonly used ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy with the rarely utilised density measurements obtained from Multidetector CT (Computed Tomography) to investigate changes in defleshed bovine cortical bone exposed to different temperatures for varying durations. The inclusion of density measurements is significant because Multidetector CT analysis is non-destructive and can be valuable when remains cannot be removed from their burial context (e.g., urn) or cannot be damaged. The results indicate complex changes in both organic and inorganic components, affecting crystallinity and density. Lower temperatures primarily affect organic matter, while higher temperatures induce significant changes in the mineral lattice and phase transitions. The transformation from β-tricalcium phosphate to α-tricalcium phosphate at high temperatures likely impacts the bone’s crystallinity and density. Bone density measured by CT scans provided additional information that complemented the interpretations of FTIR spectroscopy. While CT scans offer important data for planning non-destructive analyses of remains, they present only one layer of information. Therefore, CT scans need to be combined with other techniques to provide comprehensive interpretations of the changes occurring in the bone. Further research is needed on density measurements and other potentially non-destructive analyses to fully unlock the potential of Multidetector CT analyses.
Exploring the Intersection of Machine Learning and Big Data: A Survey
Authors: Dritsas Elias , Trigka Maria
Published: February 2025

The integration of machine learning (ML) with big data has revolutionized industries by enabling the extraction of valuable insights from vast and complex datasets. This convergence has fueled advancements in various fields, leading to the development of sophisticated models capable of addressing complicated problems. However, the application of ML in big data environments presents significant challenges, including issues related to scalability, data quality, model interpretability, privacy, and the handling of diverse and high-velocity data. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of ML applications in big data, systematically identifying the key challenges and recent advancements in the field. By critically analyzing existing methodologies, this paper highlights the gaps in current research and proposes future directions for the development of scalable, interpretable, and privacy-preserving ML techniques. Additionally, this survey addresses the ethical and societal implications of ML in big data, emphasizing the need for responsible and equitable approaches to harnessing these technologies. The insights presented in this paper aim to guide future research and contribute to the ongoing discourse on the responsible integration of ML and big data.
Highly Selective Precipitation of Platinum(IV) from HCl Solutions Using m-Phenylenediamine Utilizing Difference in Stability of Ionic Crystals
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Hata Yuki , Katagiri Hiroshi , Jikei Mitsutoshi
Published: February 2025

The development of a selective separation and recovery method for platinum-group metals (PGMs) is in high demand to establish efficient and practical recycling technologies for different secondary materials such as industrial automobile catalysts. In this study, the highly selective precipitation of Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions containing Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Rh(III) was successfully achieved using m-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (MPDA) as a precipitant. Pt(IV) selectivity was observed at HCl concentrations higher than 7 M, whereas the co-precipitation of Rh(III) could not be suppressed using 3–7 M HCl solutions. Successful recovery of Pt(IV)-containing precipitates with high Pt yield (94.6%) and Pt purity (98.5%) was also achieved using an actual catalyst leaching solution with a complex composition containing PGMs, base metals, and rare metals. Structural analyses revealed that the Pt(IV)-containing precipitate forms ionic crystals composed of [PtCl6]2−/protonated m-phenylenediamine (MPDA-2H+) in a 1:1 ratio. The high stability and insolubility of the Pt(IV)-containing ionic crystals, owing to their highly packed structure, resulted in the highly selective precipitation of Pt(IV) at high HCl concentrations.
Pseudoalteromonas Strains as Biofilm Control Agents in Ostrea edulis Aquaculture: Reducing Biofilm Biovolume While Preserving Microbial Diversity
Authors: Leroy Garance , Parizadeh Leila , Cuny Héléna , Offret Clément , Protat Martin , Bazire Alexis , Rodrigues Sophie , Le Chevalier Patrick , Brillet Benjamin , Gonzalez-Araya Ricardo , Jégou Camille , Fleury Yannick
Published: February 2025

Biofilms in aquaculture tanks pose significant challenges, hindering cleaning processes and contributing to antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the effects of four Pseudoalteromonas strains on flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) rearing, with a specific focus on biofilm control and microbial communities. After confirming the safety of these strains for O. edulis, we monitored biofilm development and bacterial communities during a 4-month sexual maturation period. Biofilm biovolume was quantified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and bacterial community composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding of both biofilm and seawater samples. Our results revealed differences in bacterial community structure between biofilms and seawater. Furthermore, the presence of specific Pseudoalteromonas strains significantly impacted the composition of bacterial communities within the tanks. β-diversity analyses demonstrated that each strain exerted a unique influence on the bacterial community structure. Some Pseudoalteromonas strains effectively reduced biofilm biovolume without negatively impacting bacterial richness or diversity. These observations suggest that certain Pseudoalteromonas strains can effectively control biofilm formation while maintaining a diverse and potentially beneficial microbial community in O. edulis rearing tanks. The use of these strains as additives in aquaculture systems could offer several advantages, including reduced cleaning time and costs and a potential decrease in biocide usage.
The Role of the Hfq Protein in Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Bloch Sylwia , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Arluison Véronique
Published: February 2025

The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms is currently one of most major medical problems, causing a few million deaths every year worldwide due to untreatable bacterial infections. Unfortunately, the prognosis is even worse, as over 8 million deaths associated with antibiotic resistance are expected to occur in 2050 if no new effective antibacterial treatments are discovered. The Hfq protein has been discovered as a bacterial RNA chaperone. However, subsequent studies have indicated that this small protein (composed of 102 amino acid residues in Escherichia coli) has more activities, including binding to DNA and influencing its compaction, interaction with biological membranes, formation of amyloid-like structures, and others. Although Hfq is known to participate in many cellular processes, perhaps surprisingly, only reports from recent years have demonstrated its role in bacterial antibiotic resistance. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss how can Hfq affects antibiotic resistance in bacteria and propose how this knowledge may facilitate developing new therapeutic strategies against pathogenic bacteria. We indicate that the mechanisms by which the Hfq protein modulates the response of bacterial cells to antibiotics are quite different, from the regulation of the expression of genes coding for proteins directly involved in antibiotic transportation or action, through direct effects on membranes, to controlling the replication or transposition of mobile genetic elements bearing antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, we suggest that Hfq could be considered a potential target for novel antimicrobial compounds. We also discuss difficulties in developing such drugs, but since Hfq appears to be a promising target for drugs that may enhance the efficacy of antibiotics, we propose that works on such potential therapeutics are encouraged.
Large Scale Synthesis of Carbon Dots and Their Applications: A Review
Authors: Huang Zhujun , Ren Lili
Published: February 2025

Carbon dots (CDs), a versatile class of fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials, have attracted widespread attention due to their exceptional optical properties, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Their applications span biomedicine, optoelectronics, and smart food packaging, yet large-scale synthesis remains a significant challenge. This review categorizes large-scale synthesis methods into liquid-phase (hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave-assisted, magnetic hyperthermia, aldol condensation polymerization), gas-phase (plasma synthesis), solid-phase (pyrolysis, oxidation/carbonization, ball milling), and emerging techniques (microfluidic, ultrasonic, molten-salt). Notably, microwave-assisted and solid-state synthesis methods show promise for industrial production due to their scalability and efficiency. Despite these advances, challenges persist in optimizing synthesis reproducibility, reducing energy consumption, and developing purification methods and quality control strategies. Addressing these issues will be critical for transitioning CDs from laboratory research to real-world applications.
Advancements in Green Synthesis of Silver-Based Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties in Various Films
Authors: Zehra Syeda Hijab , Ramzan Khadija , Viskelis Jonas , Viskelis Pranas , Balciunaitiene Aiste
Published: February 2025

Nanotechnology is an evolving field that presents extensive opportunities in antimicrobial and eco-friendly food packaging applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are particularly valuable in this context due to their outstanding physicochemical properties and demonstrated biological and antimicrobial efficacy, rendering them highly effective in food packaging applications. Historically, nanoparticle synthesis has largely relied on synthetic chemicals and physical methods; however, growing awareness of their potential toxic impacts on human health and the environment has led researchers to reassess these conventional approaches. In response, green synthesis using plants or their metabolites to produce nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a focal point in recent research. This approach provides significant advantages, notably in reducing toxicity associated with traditionally synthesized nanoparticles. Silver, recognized for its non-toxic, safe profile as an inorganic antibacterial and antifungal agent, has been employed for centuries and exhibits remarkable potential in various biological applications in its nanoparticle form. Environmentally friendly synthesis techniques are increasingly prioritized within chemical sciences to reduce the harmful byproducts of reactions. Green synthesis methods also offer economic benefits due to their lower costs and the abundant availability of natural raw materials. In the past five years, concerted efforts have been made to develop new, sustainable, and cost-effective methodologies for nanoparticle synthesis. This review explains the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from different sources along with their quantification techniques and application in food packaging.
Therapeutic Role of Heterocyclic Compounds in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
Authors: Puranik Nidhi , Song Minseok
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The development of aberrant protein aggregates and the progressive and permanent loss of neurons are the major characteristic features of these disorders. Although the precise mechanisms causing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still unknown, there is a wealth of evidence suggesting that misfolded proteins, accumulation of misfolded proteins, dysfunction of neuroreceptors and mitochondria, dysregulation of enzymes, and the release of neurotransmitters significantly influence the pathophysiology of these diseases. There is no effective protective medicine or therapy available even with the availability of numerous medications. There is an urgent need to create new and powerful bioactive compounds since the number of people with NDDs is rising globally. Heterocyclic compounds have consistently played a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their exceptional pharmaceutical properties. Many clinically approved drugs, such as galantamine hydrobromide, donepezil hydrochloride, memantine hydrochloride, and opicapone, feature heterocyclic cores. As these heterocyclic compounds have exceptional therapeutic potential, heterocycles are an intriguing research topic for the development of new effective therapeutic drugs for PD and AD. This review aims to provide current insights into the development and potential use of heterocyclic compounds targeting diverse therapeutic targets to manage and potentially treat patients with AD and PD.
Integrative Roles of Functional Foods, Microbiotics, Nutrigenetics, and Nutrigenomics in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Lam Hong Nhung , Lin Shih-Ping , Nguyen Dang Hien Ngan , Chen Chiao-Ming , Su Chien-Tien , Fang Te-Chao , Li Sing-Chung
Published: February 2025

Diabetes and obesity are globally prevalent metabolic disorders posing significant public health challenges. The effective management of these conditions requires integrated and personalized strategies. This study conducted a systematic literature review, identifying 335 relevant papers, with 129 core articles selected after screening for duplicates and irrelevant studies. The focus of the study is on the synergistic roles of functional foods, microbiotics, and nutrigenomics. Functional foods, including phytochemicals (e.g., polyphenols and dietary fibers), zoochemicals (e.g., essential fatty acids), and bioactive compounds from macrofungi, exhibit significant potential in enhancing insulin sensitivity, regulating lipid metabolism, reducing inflammatory responses, and improving antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the critical role of gut microbiota in metabolic health is highlighted, as its interaction with functional foods facilitates the modulation of metabolic pathways. Nutrigenomics, encompassing nutrigenetics and genomics, reveals how genetic variations (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) influence dietary responses and gene expression, forming a feedback loop between dietary habits, genetic variations, gut microbiota, and metabolic health. This review integrates functional foods, gut microbiota, and genetic insights to propose comprehensive and sustainable personalized nutrition interventions, offering novel perspectives for preventing and managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. Future clinical studies are warranted to validate the long-term efficacy and safety of these strategies.