bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enrichment in 13C of atmospheric CH4 during the Younger Dryas termination
Authors: Melton J. R. , Schaefer H. , Whiticar M. J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The abrupt warming across the Younger Dryas termination (~11 600 yr before present) was marked by a large increase in the global atmospheric methane mixing ratio. The debate over sources responsible for the rise in methane centers on the roles of global wetlands, marine gas hydrates, and thermokarst lakes. We present a new, higher-precision methane stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13CH4) dataset from ice sampled at Påkitsoq, Greenland that shows distinct 13C-enrichment associated with this rise. We investigate the validity of this finding in face of known anomalous methane concentrations that occur at Påkitsoq. Comparison with previously published datasets to determine the robustness of our results indicates a similar trend in ice from both an Antarctic ice core and previously published Påktisoq data measured using four different extraction and analytical techniques. The δ13CH4 trend suggests that 13C-enriched CH4 sources played an important role in the concentration increase. In a first attempt at quantifying the various contributions from our data, we apply a methane triple mass balance of stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios and radiocarbon. The mass balance results suggest biomass burning (42–66% of total methane flux increase) and thermokarst lakes (27–59%) as the dominant contributing sources. Our results do not suggest as large a role for tropical wetlands, boreal peatlands or marine gas hydrates as commonly proposed.
Estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation for Selected Cities in Nigeria
Authors: Okundamiya M. S. , Nzeako A. N.
Published: October 2011

This study proposes a multivariable model of monthly mean daily diffuse solar radiation on horizontal surfaces for three cities (Abuja, Benin City and Katsina), in Nigeria. The estimation was based on a correlation between clearance index and diffuse to global solar radiation ratio and was computed using monthly mean daily data set for global solar radiation on horizontal surfaces. The predictive efficiency of the proposed model was compared with the observed values and those believed to be universally applicable. The results suggest that the existing methods could be replaced by the developed model for a diffuse solar radiation data generation scheme.
Childhood Asthma Utilization Rates in a Nonsmoking Population of Utah Compared to State and National Rates
Authors: Gren Lisa H. , Taylor Brooke , Lyon Joseph L.
Published: October 2011

Risk factors, such as parental smoking, are commonly associated with increased asthma symptoms and hospitalizations of children. Deseret Mutual Benefits Administrators (DMBA) is the health insurer for employees of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and their families. Due to religious proscription, employees abstain from alcohol and tobacco use, creating a cohort of children not exposed to parental smoking. Calculation of hospitalization rates for DMBA, Utah, and the US were made in children to compare rates between a nonsmoking population and general populations. Compared to DMBA, rate ratios for asthma hospitalization and emergency department asthma visits were higher for the US and Utah. The incidence of hospital outpatient department and physician office visits was significantly greater for the US population compared to the DMBA. This study demonstrates a decreased need for health services used by children not exposed to second-hand smoke.
Retracted: Three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamic modeling and simulation of fine particle separation from water by a hydrocyclone
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Asif Mohd , Chakraborty Sudipto , Meikap Bhim C.
Published: October 2011

The following article from AIChE Journal, entitled “Three‐Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Fine Particle Separation from Water by a Hydrocyclone,” by Vivek Kumar, Mohd Asif, Sudipto Chakraborty and Bhim C. Meikap, published online on Nov. 7, 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Michael P. Harold and Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The retraction has been agreed due to overlap between this article and the following article, “Large Eddy Simulation of Hydrocyclone‐Prediction of Air‐Core Diameter and Shape,” by Narashima, Brennan, and Holtham published in International Journal of Mineral Processing.
Multiway discrete hidden Markov model‐based approach for dynamic batch process monitoring and fault classification
Authors: Yu Jie
Published: October 2011

A new multiway discrete hidden Markov model (MDHMM)‐based approach is proposed in this article for fault detection and classification in complex batch or semibatch process with inherent dynamics and system uncertainty. The probabilistic inference along the state transitions in MDHMM can effectively extract the dynamic and stochastic patterns in the process operation. Furthermore, the used multiway analysis is able to transform the three‐dimensional (3‐D) data matrices into 2‐D measurement‐state data sets for hidden Markov model estimation and state path optimization. The proposed MDHMM approach is applied to fed‐batch penicillin fermentation process and compared to the conventional multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) and multiway dynamic principal component analysis (MDPCA) methods in three faulty scenarios. The monitoring results demonstrate that the MDHMM approach is superior to both the MPCA and MDPCA methods in terms of fault detection and false alarm rates. In addition, the supervised MDHMM approach is able to classify different types of process faults with high fidelity. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Environmental, lifestyle, and familial/ethnic factors associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Anderson Lesley A. , Duncombe Andrew S. , Hughes Maria , Mills Moyra E. , Wilson Jessica C. , McMullin Mary F.
Published: October 2011

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by overproduction of mature functional blood cells and are often associated with an acquired genetic mutation of Janus Kinase 2V617F. The etiology of MPNs remains unknown. The aim of this article was to review and collate all known published data investigating environmental and lifestyle factors associated with MPNs. Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched using terms for MPNs and observational study designs to identify studies investigating the risk factors for MPNs published before March 2010. Of 9,156 articles identified, 19 met the selection criteria. Although the studies exhibited heterogeneity, in case definitions, study design, and risk factors investigated, several themes emerged. A strong association was found with Jewish descent, and with a family history of MPNs. Autoimmune conditions, specifically Crohn's disease, were more common in patients with MPNs. Certain occupational groups were significantly associated with MPNs including occupations with potential exposure to benzene and/or petroleum. Blood donation was associated with an increased risk of polycythemia vera specifically. The vast heterogeneity in studies identified as part of this review suggests that large scale systematic assessment of etiological factors associated with MPNs is warranted. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maxillary changes and occlusal traits in crania with artificial fronto‐occipital deformation
Authors: Jimenez Publio , Martinez‐Insua Arturo , Franco‐Vazquez Jaime , Otero‐Cepeda Xose Luis , Santana Urbano
Published: October 2011

Artificial fronto‐occipital deformation of the cranial vault was typical of pre‐Columbian cultures in the central Andean coastal regions. We have studied the influence of this deformation on maxillary and mandibular morphology. Measurements were performed on 86 adult Ancon skulls with anteroposterior deformation. Undeformed skulls from the area of Makatampu (n = 52) were used as the control group. To explore the influence of the deformity on occlusion, the skulls were categorized using the Angle classification and the alignment of the interincisor midline. In the group of deformed skulls, there was an increase in lateral growth of the vault and of the base of the skull (P < 0.001), giving rise to a greater interpterygoid width of the maxilla (P < 0.001), and an increase in the transverse diameter of the palatal vault. The mandible presented an increase in the length of the rami (P < 0.001) and in the intercondylar width, with no alteration of mandibular length. The deformed skulls had normal (class I) occlusion, with no displacement of the midline. The difference in the asymmetry index between the two groups was not statistically significant. Artificial fronto‐occipital deformation of the cranial vault provoked compensatory lateral expansion of the base that was correlated with the transverse development of the maxilla and mandible. Occlusion and sagittal intermaxillary position were not affected by the cranial deformity. These results provide evidence of the integration between the neurocranium and the viscerocranium in craniofacial development, and support the hypothesis of a compensatory effect of function. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semi‐interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on aspen hemicellulose and chitosan: Effect of crosslinking sequence on hydrogel properties
Authors: Karaaslan Muzaffer Ahmet , Tshabalala Mandla A. , Buschle‐Diller Gisela
Published: October 2011

Semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogel films were prepared using hemicellulose and chemically crosslinked chitosan. Hemicellulose was extracted from aspen by using a novel alkaline treatment and characterized by HPSEC, and consisted of a mixture of high and low molecular weight polymeric fractions. HPLC analysis of the acid hydrolysate of the hemicellulose showed that its major constituent sugar was xylose. X‐ray analysis showed that the relative crystallinity of hydrogels increased with increasing hemicellulose content up to 31.3%. Strong intermolecular interactions between chitosan and hemicellulose were evidenced by FT‐IR analysis. Quantitative analysis of free amino groups showed that hemicellulose could interrupt the chemical crosslinking of chitosan macromolecules. Mechanical testing and swelling experiments were used to define the effective network crosslink density and average molecular weight between crosslinks. Swelling ratios increased with increasing hemicellulose content and mainly consisted of H‐bonded bound water. Results revealed that by altering the hydrogel preparation steps and hemicellulose content, crosslink density and swelling behavior of semi‐IPN hydrogels could be controlled without deteriorating their mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis, characterization, and ionic conductivity of novel crosslinked polymer electrolytes for Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Aydın Hamide , Bozkurt Ayhan
Published: October 2011

In this work, we communicate on the synthesis, characterization, and ionic conductivity of a series of novel crosslinked inorganic–organic gel polymer electrolytes. These crosslinked polymers were prepared by the modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the presence of borane‐tetrahydrofuran (BH3/THF) complex. During crosslinking, the polymer was doped with lithium trifluoromethane‐sulfonate (CF3SO3Li) salt. Molecular weight of both PVA and PEG was varied, and the concentration of Li‐salt was arranged for the ratio of lithium atoms to ether oxygen atoms. Boron‐containing polymer electrolytes were produced and abbreviated as PVA1PEGX‐Y and PVA2PEGX‐Y. The reaction of PEG with PVA and the interaction of Li+ ions with EO units were confirmed by FTIR. Thermal stability of these materials was measured with thermogravimetric analysis, and thermal behaviors were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The ionic conductivity of these novel polymer electrolytes was studied by dielectric‐impedance spectroscopy. Li‐ion conductivity of these crosslinked polymer electrolytes depends on the length of the side units as well as the doping ratio. The maximum ionic conductivity was measured as 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The effect of UV‐irradiation and molten medium on the mechanical and thermal properties of polystyrene–polycarbonate blends
Authors: Ayoub Ali , Massardier‐Nageotte Valérie
Published: October 2011

Polymer materials with improved properties can be obtained through polymer blends. As a polymer mixture is generally immiscible and incompatible, it is necessary to develop new methods to improve the interfacial adhesion. The aim of this work is to find formulations and associated processes to upgrade engineering polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC) polymer blends with the objective of using the best “process‐formulation” couple. In this study, blends of PS/PC were prepared in molten medium using reactive extrusion after UV‐irradiation. The effects of UV‐irradiation on some properties of blends under molten medium were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The data showed that the presence of polycarbonate in the blend increased the tensile strength and elongation at break with respect to pure PS. The mechanical properties of the blends were improved after irradiation. All irradiated blends are thermally more stable than those nonirradiated. Chemical changes can be clearly seen in FTIR spectra through two bands assigned to CO and OH groups. The mutual influence between the PS/PC polymer blends compositions during UV‐irradiation was studied. PS and PC have different photo‐mechanisms due to the larger UV absorption of polystyrene and formation of more stable tertiary carbon radicals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and In‐Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity of Fluoroquinolone Derivatives Containing a Coumarin Moiety
Authors: Guo Qiang , Liu Ming‐Liang , Feng Lian‐Shun , Lv Kai , Guan Yan , Guo Hui‐Yuan , Xiao Chun‐Ling
Published: October 2011

A series of gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and 8‐OCH3 ciprofloxacin coumarin derivatives with remarkable improvement in lipophilicity as compared to the parent fluoroquinolones was designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H‐NMR, MS, and HRMS. These derivatives were evaluated for their in‐vitro activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis CMCC 93202 and MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294. All of the synthesized compounds were less active than the parent compounds against M. smegmatis CMCC 93202, but the activity of compound 6 was found to be 2–8‐fold more potent than ciprofloxacin, 8‐OCH3 ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and rifampin, and comparable to gatifloxacin against MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294. These results indicated that the lipophilicity of the tested compounds is not the sole parameter affecting antimycobacterial activity.
Influence of training and stage of search on gaze behavior in a library catalog faceted search interface
Authors: Kules Bill , Capra Robert
Published: October 2011

This study examined how searchers interact with a web‐based, faceted library catalog when conducting exploratory searches. It applied multiple methods, including eye tracking and stimulated recall interviews, to investigate important aspects of faceted search interface use, specifically: (a) searcher gaze behavior—what components of the interface searchers look at; (b) how gaze behavior differs when training is and is not provided; (c) how gaze behavior changes as searchers become familiar with the interface; and (d) how gaze behavior differs depending on the stage of the search process. The results confirm previous findings that facets account for approximately 10–30% of interface use. They show that providing a 60‐second video demonstration increased searcher use of facets. However, searcher use of the facets did not evolve during the study session, which suggests that searchers may not, on their own, rapidly apply the faceted interfaces. The findings also suggest that searcher use of interface elements varied by the stage of their search during the session, with higher use of facets during decision‐making stages. These findings will be of interest to librarians and interface designers who wish to maximize the value of faceted searching for patrons, as well as to researchers who study search behavior.
Synthesis, Electronic, and Morphological Properties of Tetrahedral Oligothiophenes with n‐Hexyl Terminal Groups
Authors: Matsumoto Kouzou , Kugo Sota , Takajo Daisuke , Inaba Akira , Hirao Yasukazu , Kurata Hiroyuki , Kawase Takeshi , Kubo Takashi
Published: October 2011

A series of tetrahedral oligothiophenes bearing n‐hexyl groups at the α‐positions of the terminal thiophene rings, (n‐C6H13(C4H2S)n)4C (Hex‐TnTM; n=1–4), has been synthesized by Kosugi–Migita–Stille coupling as a key reaction. Thanks to the improved solubility afforded by the terminal n‐hexyl groups, the largest homologue (n=4) was successfully obtained. Whereas the smaller derivatives (n=1, 2) were obtained as liquid substances, the larger derivatives (n=3, 4) were obtained as solids. Hex‐T3 TM partially adopts syn conformations between the adjacent thiophene rings in the crystal, probably owing to the packing force. Hex‐T3 TM not only appeared in the crystalline state but also the amorphous state, which was stable to up to 80 °C. Regardless of the terminal groups, the derivatives of n=2 exhibited a broad fluorescence with large Stokes shifts compared to the corresponding linear analogues, thereby suggesting the presence of intramolecular interactions between the bithiophene moieties. Interactions between terthiophene branches was also suggested in the radical cations of Hex‐T3 TM by cyclic voltammetry measurements.
Systematic robustness analysis of least squares mobile robot velocity estimation using a regular polygonal optical mouse array
Authors: Kim Sungbok , Kim Hyunbin
Published: October 2011

This paper presents the robust velocity estimation of an omnidirectional mobile robot using a regular polygonal array of optical mice that are installed at the bottom of a mobile robot. First, the velocity kinematics from a mobile robot to an array of optical mice is derived, from which the least squares estimation of the mobile robot velocity is obtained as the simple average of the optical mouse velocity readings. Second, it is shown that a redundant number of optical mice contributes to the robustness of the least squares mobile robot velocity estimation against both measurement noises and partial malfunction of optical mice. Third, the sensitivity analysis of the least squares mobile robot velocity estimation to imprecise installation of optical mice is made, from which a practical method of optical mouse position calibration is devised. Finally, some experimental results using commercial optical mice are given to demonstrate the validity and performance of the proposed mobile robot velocity estimation.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Quantitative analysis of a quaternary ammonium drug: ipratropium bromide by LC/ESI‐MSn in horse plasma and urine
Authors: Garcia P. , Paris A.‐C. , Leufroy A. , Popot M.‐A. , Bonnaire Y.
Published: October 2011

A quantitative method, using LC/ESI‐MSn with a quadrupole linear ion trap mass analyzer, has been developed for the analysis of ipratropium cation in horse plasma and urine. The method applies solid‐phase extraction with WCX cartridges for plasma and MM2 cartridges for urine, prior to analysis by LC/ESI‐MSn. The efficiency of extraction combined with the sensitivity and the selectivity of MSn allows for the quantification of ipratropium cation at picogram per milliliter levels. The analytical capabilities of the method have been successfully checked by the quantitative analysis of ipratropium cation in post‐administration samples collected from horses treated by nebulization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of prochlorperazine and its metabolites in human plasma using isocratic liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Tashiro Masaki , Naito Takafumi , Kagawa Yoshiyuki , Kawakami Junichi
Published: October 2011

Oral prochlorperazine (PCZ), an antiemetic, undergoes extensive first‐pass metabolism. The study developed a simultaneous analytical method for PCZ and its major metabolites, prochlorperazine sulfoxide (PCZSO), N‐demethylprochlorperazine (NDPCZ) and 7‐hydroxyprochlorperazine (PCZOH), in human plasma using an isocratic liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. Deproteinized plasma specimens were separated using a 3 µm particle size octadecylsilyl column, and the run time was 10 min. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.01–40 µg/L for PCZ, NDPCZ and PCZOH, and 0.05–80 µg/L for PCZSO. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precisions and accuracies were within 7.0 and 99–104% and within 9.0 and 99–105%, respectively. The lower limits of quantification in human plasma were 10 ng/L for PCZ, NDPCZ and PCZOH, and 50 ng/L for PCZSO. The validated method was applied to the determination of plasma samples in 37 cancer patients receiving PCZ. Large interindividual variations were observed in plasma concentrations of PCZ, PCZSO, NDPCZ and PCZOH (relative standard deviation, 89.4, 88.7, 86.4 and 78.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this simultaneous LC‐MS/MS method with acceptable analytical performance can be helpful for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of PCZ, including the determination of its metabolites in cancer patients and in clinical research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Tubulin Colchicine Domain: a Molecular Modeling Perspective
Authors: Massarotti Alberto , Coluccia Antonio , Silvestri Romano , Sorba Giovanni , Brancale Andrea
Published: October 2011

Computational approaches have been increasingly applied to drug design over the past three decades and have already provided some useful results in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Given the increased availability of crystal structures in recent years, a growing number of molecular modeling studies on tubulin have been reported. Herein we present a brief overview of the role played by computational methods in anti‐tubulin research, specifically in the context of colchicine binding agent research. An overview of current structures is reported, along with a brief discussion on the issues associated with the various tubulin isotypes. Finally, a summary of the most recent and relevant results is presented, highlighting the challenges and opportunities faced by researchers in this field.
Generation of Potential Energy Surfaces in High Dimensions and Their Haptic Exploration
Authors: Haag Moritz P. , Marti Konrad H. , Reiher Markus
Published: October 2011

A method is proposed for the automated generation of potential energy surfaces in high dimensions. It combines the existing algorithm for the definition of new energy data points, based on the interpolating moving least‐squares algorithm with a simulated annealing procedure. This method is then studied in a haptic quantum chemistry environment that requires a fast evaluation of gradients on a potential energy surface with automatic improvement of its accuracy. As an example we investigate the nitrogen binding pathway in the Schrock dinitrogen fixation complex with this set‐up.
“Here's the Separation Wall”: Political tourism in the Holy Land
Authors: Chaitin Julia
Published: October 2011

This article explores political tourism to Israel–Palestine that focuses on supporting peace and social justice activities. These tours visit locations of contention and meet with organizations working to end the conflict and social injustices. I provide an overview of thirty‐one organizations that carry out political tours, and discuss sociopolitical issues and psychosocial factors that are important to address in such trips, providing examples from tours. It is suggested that when tours take these issues into consideration, a potential is created to build a cadre of better‐informed and culturally sensitive activists who can support the peace process.
Chemistry of β‐Carbolines as Synthetic Intermediates
Authors: Domínguez Gema , Pérez‐Castells Javier
Published: October 2011

β‐Carbolines are present in a wide variety of indole alkaloids that display important biological activities. Here we review the most recent aspects of the chemistry of β‐carbolines with a focus on functionalization of the β‐carboline system and transformations into other interesting compounds. Aromatizations, reductions and alkylations of the heterocyclic system are thus summarized first, followed by methodologies directed towards the formation of additional fused rings. Finally, rearrangements that transform β‐carbolines into other heterocyclic systems are covered.
Synthesis of Phostone‐Constrained Nucleic Acid (P‐CNA) Dinucleotides Through Intramolecular Arbuzov's Reaction
Authors: Catana Dan‐Andrei , Maturano Marie , Payrastre Corinne , Lavedan Pierre , Tarrat Nathalie , Escudier Jean‐Marc
Published: October 2011

P‐CNAs are dinucleotide building blocks in which the torsional angles α and β of the sugar/phosphate backbone are constrained to non‐canonical values within a cyclic phosphonate structure (phostone) synthesised by diastereoselective intramolecular Arbuzov reaction. The reaction has been improved through the use of microwave activation and addition of lithium bromide.
The new and improved NIST Dragon's LAIR (Lofting and Ignition Research) facility
Authors: Manzello Samuel L. , Suzuki Sayaka
Published: October 2011

Several studies suggest that the firebrands are a major cause of structural ignition of Wildland–Urban Interface fires in USA and Australia. For 40 years, past firebrand studies have focused on how far firebrands fly and do not assess the vulnerabilities of structures to ignition from firebrand showers. The development of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Dragon has allowed the quantification of structure ignition vulnerabilities of full‐scale building assemblies. Full‐scale tests are necessary to highlight vulnerabilities of structures to ignition under firebrand attack, whereas bench‐scale test methods afford the capability to test new firebrand‐resistant technologies and may serve as the basis for new standard testing methodologies. To this end, the present investigation was undertaken to construct a new and improved Dragon's Lofting and Ignition Research facility. This entailed removing the NIST Baby Dragon from the wind tunnel facility and inserting the new and improved NIST continuous feed Baby Dragon. The unique feature of the continuous feed Baby Dragon, over the current NIST Baby Dragon, is the capability to produce a constant firebrand shower in order to expose building materials to continual firebrand bombardment. The efficacy of the new experimental facility to determine ignition regime maps of building materials exposed to wind‐driven firebrand showers is presented. Specifically, ignition regime maps are presented as a function of continuous firebrand generation rate, wind tunnel speed, and cedar moisture content. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular perturbations restrict potential for liver repopulation of hepatocytes isolated from non–heart-beating donor rats
Authors: Enami Yuta , Joseph Brigid , Bandi Sriram , Lin Juan , Gupta Sanjeev
Published: October 2011

Organs from non–heart-beating donors are attractive for use in cell therapy. Understanding the nature of molecular perturbations following reperfusion/reoxygenation will be highly significant for non–heart-beating donor cells. We studied non–heart-beating donor rats for global gene expression with Affymetrix microarrays, hepatic tissue integrity, viability of isolated hepatocytes, and engraftment and proliferation of transplanted cells in dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats. In non–heart-beating donors, liver tissue was morphologically intact for >24 hours with differential expression of 1, 95, or 372 genes, 4, 16, or 34 hours after death, respectively, compared with heart-beating donors. These differentially expressed genes constituted prominent groupings in ontological pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, adherence junctions, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and other discrete pathways. We successfully isolated viable hepatocytes from non–heart-beating donors, especially up to 4 hours after death, although the hepatocyte yield and viability were inferior to those of hepatocytes from heart-beating donors (P < 0.05). Similarly, although hepatocytes from non–heart-beating donors engrafted and proliferated after transplantation in recipient animals, this was inferior to hepatocytes from heart-beating donors (P < 0.05). Gene expression profiling in hepatocytes isolated from non–heart-beating donors showed far greater perturbations compared with corresponding liver tissue, including representation of pathways in focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix–receptor interactions, multiple ligand–receptor interactions, and signaling in insulin, calcium, wnt, Jak-Stat, or other cascades. Conclusion: Liver tissue remained intact over prolonged periods after death in non–heart-beating donors, but extensive molecular perturbations following reperfusion/reoxygenation impaired the viability of isolated hepatocytes from these donors. Insights into molecular changes in hepatocytes from non–heart-beating donors offer opportunities for improving donor cell viability, which will advance the utility of non–heart-beating donor organs for cell therapy or other applications. (Hepatology 2012)
Insights into Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenicity
Authors: Cerqueira Gustavo M. , Peleg Anton Y.
Published: October 2011

Acinetobacter spp. have justifiably received significant attention from the public, scientific, and medical communities. Over recent years, Acinetobacter, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, has become a “red‐alert” human pathogen, primarily because of its exceptional ability to develop resistance to all currently available antibiotics. This characteristic is compounded by its unique abilities to survive in a diverse range of environments, including those within healthcare institutions, leading to problematic outbreaks. Historically, the virulence of the organism has been questioned, but recent clinical reports suggest that Acinetobacter can cause serious, life‐threatening infections. Furthermore, its metabolic adaptability gives it a selective advantage in harsh hospital environments. This review focuses on current understanding of A. baumannii pathogenesis and the model systems used to study this interesting organism. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(12): 1055–1060, 2011
The effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract on doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis in aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Alpsoy Seref , Uygur Ramazan , Aktas Cevat , Topcu Birol , Kanter Mehmet , Erboga Mustafa , Karakaya Osman , Gedikbasi Asuman
Published: October 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of onion (Allium cepa) extracts (ACE) on doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced apoptosis in aortic endothelial cells. The rats in the ACE‐pretreated group were given a daily dose of 1 ml ACE for 14 days. To induce aortic endothelial cell apoptosis, DOX (30 mg kg−1 body weight) was injected intraperitoneally by a single dose and the rats were sacrificed after 48 h. To date, no such studies have been performed on antiapoptotic potential of ACE on DOX‐induced apoptosis in aortic endothelial cells. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of in situ identification of apoptosis using terminal dUTP nick end‐labeling in aortic endothelial cells of the DOX‐treated group with ACE therapy. DOX‐treated with ACE groups showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels and increased levels of glutathione in comparison with the DOX‐treated group. Data from our study show that prevention of endothelial cell apoptosis by ACE may contribute to the restoration of aortic endothelial dysfunction that is associated with DOX treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical Characterization of Fatty Acids Composition of Datura alba Seed Oil by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Nasimullah , Siddique Muhammad , Kanwal Inayat‐ur‐Rahman , Kanwal Farina
Published: October 2011

Methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids were analyzed for the determination of the constituents of Datura alba seed oil. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer was used for these analyses. Results delivered that there were saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids in Datura alba seed oil. Total of 15 different fatty acid components were identified and quantified. Methyl linoleate was found in highest concentration (16.22%) among the identified analytes of interest. In addition methyl esters of Palmitic acid (6.59%), Oleic acid (5.41%) and Stearic acid (1.35%) were found. Concentrations of rest of the detected fatty acids were less than 1%. From the literature it appears that no such work has been performed for the determination of fatty acids in Datura alba seed oil.
Detection of LAMP Products Using CNT Array Electrode
Authors: Zhang Xuzhi , Li Qiufen , Chen Bijiuan , Ma Shaosai , Cui Yi
Published: October 2011

We described here a novel strategy for discriminating target gene by integrating loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). After a successful LAMP reaction, the anodic peak current (ipa) of the free 2′‐deoxyguanosine 5′‐triphosphate (dGTP) decreased remarkably at a carbon nanotubes array working electrode, owing to the consumption of free dGTP as one of reactive substrates. Thus, the change of current response was used to characterize the result of LAMP reaction. And hence the presence of the target gene in template DNA could be discriminated easily. The malB gene extracted from Escherichia coli cells was tested as a model. After the reaction for 30 min, the LAMP mix was scanned directly. Then the information of the target gene in 0.8 picogram template DNA was obtained accurately. The result was in good accordance with that obtained with optical‐based methods (gel electrophoresis and fluorescent dye). The new strategy has the advantages of being very simple to perform, rapid response, elimination of post‐amplification processing, avoidance of auxiliary reagents and low cost (there was almost no cost for the detection step). Therefore, it was quite promising for use in miniaturized devices and in the development of point‐of‐care applications.
Ultrasonography guidance reduces complications and costs associated with thoracentesis procedures
Authors: Patel Pankaj A. , Ernst Frank R. , Gunnarsson Candace L.
Published: October 2011

Purpose.

We performed an analysis of hospitalizations involving thoracentesis procedures to determine whether the use of ultrasonographic (US) guidance is associated with differences in complications or hospital costs as compared with not using US guidance.

Methods.

We used the Premier hospital database to identify patients with ICD‐9 coded thoracentesis in 2008. Use of US guidance was identified using CPT‐4 codes. We performed univariate and multivariable analyses of cost data and adjusted for patient demographics, hospital characteristics, patient morbidity severity, and mortality. Logistic regression models were developed for pneumothorax and hemorrhage adverse events, controlling for patient demographics, morbidity severity, mortality, and hospital size.

Results.

Of 19,339 thoracentesis procedures, 46% were performed with US guidance. Mean total hospitalization costs were $11,786 (±$10,535) and $12,408 (±$13,157) for patients with and without US guidance, respectively (p < 0.001). Unadjusted risk of pneumothorax or hemorrhage was lower with US guidance (p = 0.019 and 0.078, respectively). Logistic regression analyses demonstrate that US is associated with a 16.3% reduction likelihood of pneumothorax (adjusted odds ratio 0.837, 95% CI: 0.73–0.96; p= 0.014), and 38.7% reduction in likelihood of hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio 0.613, 95% CI: 0.36–1.04; p = 0.071).

Conclusions.

US‐guided thoracentesis is associated with lower total hospital stay costs and lower incidence of pneumothorax and hemorrhage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Making a significant difference with burnout interventions: Researcher and practitioner collaboration
Authors: Maslach Christina , Leiter Michael P. , Jackson Susan E.
Published: October 2011

Burnout research over the past 30 years has yielded both knowledge and tools to apply to interventions at unit and organizational levels. Examples of innovative partnerships between researchers and practitioners point to the importance of multi‐level approaches in generating relevant and effective solutions to the burnout problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations in antioxidant properties of strawberries grown in Brazilian savannah and harvested in different seasons
Authors: Pineli Lívia de L , Moretti Celso L , Rodrigues Juliana SQ , Ferreira Danielle B , Chiarello Marileusa D
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Strawberries are nutritive fruits and a source of antioxidants. We evaluated antioxidant properties of ‘Camino Real’ strawberries grown in the Brazilian savannah, harvested in different seasons. Analytical and meteorological data were analyzed by partial least squares regression.

RESULTS: Fruits from May showed the lowest contents of total phenolics (1789.78 mg kg−1 fresh weight (FW)), catechin (21.37 mg kg−1 FW), quercetins (4.89 mg kg−1 FW) and total ellagic acid (208.68 mg kg−1 FW) and the lowest antioxidant activity by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (11.39 mg Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) eq. g−1 FW) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (22.01 mg ferrous sulfate eq. g−1 FW) assays. Strawberries harvested in July presented the lowest concentrations of total (190.61 mg kg−1 FW) and individual anthocyanins (73.88 mg kg−1 FW and 5.96 mg kg−1 FW for pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, respectively), but the highest contents of vitamin C (685.47 mg kg−1 FW), DPPH (18.87 mg BHT eq. g−1 FW) and FRAP (39.30 mg ferrous sulfate eq. g−1 FW). The highest contents of free ellagic acid (26.11 mg kg−1 FW), pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside (291.82 mg kg−1 FW) and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (11.84 mg kg−1 FW) were found in strawberries from September. Rain in the previous 30 days to harvest influenced negatively many phenolics and antioxidant activity of strawberries harvested in May. In July, longer photoperiod and lower temperature at 30 days previous to harvest probably led to higher antioxidant activity and vitamin C. Increased photoperiod and temperature at the final stage of maturation seem to raise pigments and free ellagic acid in strawberries.

CONCLUSION: It was possible to observe significant relationships among meteorological and antioxidant variables for strawberries grown in the Brazilian savannah. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of constituents of Suanzaoren decoction
Authors: Yang Bo , Dong Wei , Zhang Aihua , Sun Hui , Wu Fangfang , Wang Ping , Wang Xijun
Published: October 2011

A rapid, sensitive, specific and reliable ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS) method with MassLynx™ MassFragment was developed for the analysis of Suanzaoren decoction (SZRD), a Chinese herbal prescription. The analysis was performed on a Waters UPLC BEH C18 column using gradient elution system. A hyphenated electrospray ionization and Q‐TOF analyzer was used for the determination of accurate mass of the protonated or deprotonated molecule and fragment ion in both negative and positive modes. The chromatographic separation was achieved by UPLC, which used a column with 1.7 μm particle packing which enabled higher speed of analysis, peak capacity, greater resolution and increased sensitivity. The constituents of SZRD were identied and confirmed according to the mass spectrometric fragmentation mechanisms, MS/MS fragment ions, relevant literature and the establishment of an in‐house molecular formula database. With this method, a total of 22 compounds of SZTD were tentatively identied based on MS and MS/MS data and comparison with available databases. It is concluded that a rapid and robust platform based on UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS was established, which is useful for identifying multiple‐constituent of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions. Our present results proved that the established method could provide helpful chemical information for further pharmacological mechanism research of SZRD.
Management of the “Violated Neck” in the era of chemoradiation
Authors: Loyo Myriam , Johnson Jonas T. , Westra William H. , Chiosea Simion I. , Gourin Christine G.
Published: October 2011

Objectives:

To determine if patients who have undergone an open neck biopsy (a “violated” neck) have improved disease control and survival with completion neck dissection.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective review of patients who underwent open cervical biopsy for diagnosis prior to definitive treatment between February 1997 and February 2010 at two academic tertiary referral centers.

Results:

Ninety‐four patients met study criteria, with completion neck dissection performed in 53 patients (56%). The majority of patients (84%) had oropharyngeal tumors. Human papilloma virus (HPV) status was positive in 55 of 63 patients (87%). Chemotherapy was used more often in patients treated nonoperatively (88%) compared to patients who underwent neck dissection (49%; P < .001). Five‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 84% for patients treated with neck dissection and 82% for nonoperative treatment (P = .5806), and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 82% for patients treated with neck dissection and 70% for nonoperative treatment (P = .6047). Five‐year DSS was 84% for patients with HPV‐positive disease and 63% for HPV‐negative disease (P = .0086), and DFS was 79% for HPV‐positive disease and 50% for HPV‐negative disease (P = .0004). Only advanced primary tumor (T3/T4) stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.8, P = .004) was associated with DSS, whereas advanced primary tumor stage (HR = 5.3, P = .008), N3 disease (HR = 5.6, P = .036), and HPV‐positive disease (HR = 0.2, P = .032) were significant predictors of DFS, after controlling for all other variables.

Conclusions:

In the era of chemoradiation, completion neck dissection following an open cervical biopsy does not appear to provide a survival advantage. A high proportion of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal tumors may explain the favorable outcomes observed.
Two Routes Towards Photoinitiator‐Free Photopolymerization in Miniemulsion: Acrylate Self‐Initiation and Photoactive Surfactant
Authors: Hoijemberg Pablo A. , Chemtob Abraham , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline
Published: October 2011

Two novel photoinitiator‐free approaches to photopolymerize acrylic monomers with a conventional Hg lamp starting from an acrylates monomer miniemulsion are investigated. In one system the acrylate nanodroplet reaction is self‐initiated and in the other the use of a photoactive diphenyl ether surfactant yields phenyl and phenoxyl initiating radicals upon UV irradiation. Photopolymerization kinetics are monitored in situ by real‐time Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (RT‐FTNIR) and the colloidal properties are systematically investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The up‐scaling of these PI‐free miniemulsion photopolymerizations is carried out in an annular photoreactor.
Functionalization of Reactive Polymeric Coatings via Diels–Alder Reaction Using Microcontact Printing
Authors: Gevrek Tugce Nihal , Ozdeslik Rana Nur , Sahin Gulcan Semra , Yesilbag Gulen , Mutlu Senol , Sanyal Amitav
Published: October 2011

The fabrication of polymeric thin films amenable to facile functionalization by reactive μCP via a Diels–Alder reaction is described. Precursor copolymers containing FuMA, PEGMA, and TMSMA are prepared using ATRP. Surface‐tethered thin films of these polymers are obtained on oxidized silicon and glass substrates and patterned with maleimide‐appended dye molecules by simple μCP to demonstrate efficient functionalization via Diels–Alder reaction. Printing of biotin‐based ligands is carried out to demonstrate directed immobilization of the enzyme streptavidin. Due to the thermoreversible nature of the Diels–Alder reaction, these surfaces can be used as rewritable platforms. This is demonstrated by sequential write–erase–rewrite protocols via μCP of a maleimide‐containing fluorescent dye.
The cell cycle and cancer
Authors: Williams Gareth H , Stoeber Kai
Published: October 2011

Deregulation of the cell cycle underlies the aberrant cell proliferation that characterizes cancer and loss of cell cycle checkpoint control promotes genetic instability. During the past two decades, cancer genetics has shown that hyperactivating mutations in growth signalling networks, coupled to loss of function of tumour suppressor proteins, drives oncogenic proliferation. Gene expression profiling of these complex and redundant mitogenic pathways to identify prognostic and predictive signatures and their therapeutic targeting has, however, proved challenging. The cell cycle machinery, which acts as an integration point for information transduced through upstream signalling networks, represents an alternative target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Analysis of the DNA replication initiation machinery and mitotic engine proteins in human tissues is now leading to the identification of novel biomarkers for cancer detection and prognostication, and is providing target validation for cell cycle‐directed therapies. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TP53 mutations in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and concurrent pelvic high‐grade serous carcinoma—evidence supporting the clonal relationship of the two lesions
Authors: Kuhn Elisabetta , Kurman Robert J , Vang Russell , Sehdev Ann Smith , Han Guangming , Soslow Robert , Wang Tian‐Li , Shih Ie‐Ming
Published: October 2011

Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) have been proposed to be the most likely precursor of ovarian, tubal and ‘primary peritoneal’ (pelvic) high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). As somatic mutation of TP53 is the most common molecular genetic change of ovarian HGSC, occurring in more than 95% of cases, we undertook a mutational analysis of 29 pelvic HGSCs that had concurrent STICs to demonstrate the clonal relationship of STICs and HGSCs. In addition, we correlated the mutational data with p53 immunostaining to determine the role of p53 immunoreactivity as a surrogate for TP53 mutations in histological diagnosis. Somatic TP53 mutations were detected in all 29 HGSCs analysed and the identical mutations were detected in 27 of 29 pairs of STICs and concurrent HGSCs. Missense mutations were observed in 61% of STICs and frameshift/splicing junction/nonsense mutations in 39%. Interestingly, there were two HGSCs with two distinctly different TP53 mutations each, but only one of the mutations was detected in the concurrent STICs. Missense mutations were associated with intense and diffuse (≥ 60%) p53 nuclear immunoreactivity, while most of the null mutations were associated with complete loss of p53 staining (p < 0.0001). Overall, this p53 staining pattern yielded a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 100% in detecting TP53 missense mutations. In conclusion, the above findings support the clonal relationship of STIC and pelvic HGSC and demonstrate the utility of p53 immunostaining as a surrogate for TP53 mutation in the histological diagnosis of STIC. In this regard, it is important to appreciate the significance of different staining patterns. Specifically, strong diffuse staining correlates with a missense mutation, whereas complete absence of staining correlates with null mutations. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.