bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A1Receptor Protects Against Cisplatin Ototoxicity by Suppressing the NOX3/STAT1 Inflammatory Pathway in the Cochlea
Authors: Kaur Tejbeer , Borse Vikrant , Sheth Sandeep , Sheehan Kelly , Ghosh Sumana , Tupal Srinivasan , Jajoo Sarvesh , Mukherjea Debashree , Rybak Leonard P. , Ramkumar Vickram
Published: April 2016

Cisplatin is a commonly used antineoplastic agent that produces ototoxicity that is mediated in part by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the NOX3 NADPH oxidase pathway in the cochlea. Recent studies implicate ROS generation in mediating inflammatory and apoptotic processes and hearing loss by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1). In this study, we show that the adenosine A1receptor (A1AR) protects against cisplatin ototoxicity by suppressing an inflammatory response initiated by ROS generation via NOX3 NADPH oxidase, leading to inhibition of STAT1. Trans-tympanic administration of the A1AR agonistR-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) inhibited cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, as measured by auditory brainstem responses and scanning electron microscopy in male Wistar rats. This was associated with reduced NOX3 expression, STAT1 activation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and apoptosis in the cochlea.In vitrostudies in UB/OC-1 cells, an organ of Corti immortalized cell line, showed thatR-PIA reduced cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 Ser727(but not Tyr701) and STAT1 luciferase activity by suppressing the ERK1/2, p38, and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.R-PIA also decreased the expression of STAT1 target genes, such as TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reduced cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. These data suggest that the A1AR provides otoprotection by suppressing NOX3 and inflammation in the cochlea and could serve as an ideal target for otoprotective drug therapy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid tumors. Its use results in significant and permanent hearing loss, for which no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment is currently available. In this study, we targeted the cochlear adenosine A1receptor (A1AR) by trans-tympanic injections of the agonistR-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and showed that it reduced cisplatin-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the rat cochlea and preserved hearing. The mechanism of protection involves suppression of the NOX3 NADPH oxidase enzyme, a major target of cisplatin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the cochlea. ROS initiates an inflammatory and apoptotic cascade in the cochlea by activating STAT1 transcription factor, which is attenuated byR-PIA. Therefore, trans-tympanic delivery of A1AR agonists could effectively treat cisplatin ototoxicity.
Re-Establishment of Cortical Motor Output Maps and Spontaneous Functional Recovery via Spared Dorsolaterally Projecting Corticospinal Neurons after Dorsal Column Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Mice
Authors: Hilton Brett J. , Anenberg Eitan , Harrison Thomas C. , Boyd Jamie D. , Murphy Timothy H. , Tetzlaff Wolfram
Published: April 2016

Motor cortical plasticity contributes to spontaneous recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), but the pathways underlying this remain poorly understood. We performed optogenetic mapping of motor cortex in channelrhodopsin-2 expressing mice to assess the capacity of the cortex to re-establish motor output longitudinally after a C3/C4 dorsal column SCI that bilaterally ablated the dorsal corticospinal tract (CST) containing ∼96% of corticospinal fibers but spared ∼3% of CST fibers that project via the dorsolateral funiculus. Optogenetic mapping revealed extensive early deficits, but eventual reestablishment of motor cortical output maps to the limbs at the same latency as preoperatively by 4 weeks after injury. Analysis of skilled locomotion on the horizontal ladder revealed early deficits followed by partial spontaneous recovery by 6 weeks after injury. To dissociate between the contributions of injured dorsal projecting versus spared dorsolateral projecting corticospinal neurons, we established a transient silencing approach to inactivate spared dorsolaterally projecting corticospinal neurons specifically by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV)-expressing Cre-dependent DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug) receptor hM4Di in sensorimotor cortex and AAV-expressing Cre in C7/C8 dorsolateral funiculus. Transient silencing uninjured dorsolaterally projecting corticospinal neurons via activation of the inhibitory DREADD receptor hM4Di abrogated spontaneous recovery and resulted in a greater change in skilled locomotion than in control uninjured mice using the same silencing approach. These data demonstrate the pivotal role of a minor dorsolateral corticospinal pathway in mediating spontaneous recovery after SCI and support a focus on spared corticospinal neurons as a target for therapy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpontaneous recovery can occur after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), but the pathways underlying this remain poorly understood. We performed optogenetic mapping of motor cortex after a cervical SCI that interrupts most corticospinal transmission but results in partial recovery on a horizontal ladder task of sensorimotor function. We demonstrate that the motor cortex can reestablish output to the limbs longitudinally. To dissociate the roles of injured and uninjured corticospinal neurons in mediating recovery, we transiently silenced the minor dorsolateral corticospinal pathway spared by our injury. This abrogated spontaneous recovery and resulted in a greater change in skilled locomotion than in uninjured mice using the same approach. Therefore, uninjured corticospinal neurons substantiate remarkable motor cortical plasticity and partial recovery after SCI.
A Motion-from-Form Mechanism Contributes to Extracting Pattern Motion from Plaids
Authors: Quaia Christian , Optican Lance M. , Cumming Bruce G.
Published: April 2016

Since the discovery of neurons selective for pattern motion direction in primate middle temporal area MT (Albright, 1984; Movshon et al., 1985), the neural computation of this signal has been the subject of intense study. The bulk of this work has explored responses to plaids obtained by summing two drifting sinusoidal gratings. Unfortunately, with these stimuli, many different mechanisms are similarly effective at extracting pattern motion. We devised a new set of stimuli, obtained by summing two random line stimuli with different orientations. This allowed several novel manipulations, including generating plaids that do not contain rigid 2D motion. Importantly, these stimuli do not engage most of the previously proposed mechanisms. We then recorded the ocular following responses that such stimuli induce in human subjects. We found that pattern motion is computed even with stimuli that do not cohere perceptually, including those without rigid motion, and even when the two gratings are presented separately to the two eyes. Moderate temporal and/or spatial separation of the gratings impairs the computation. We show that, of the models proposed so far, only those based on the intersection-of-constraints rule, embedding a motion-from-form mechanism (in which orientation signals are used in the computation of motion direction signals), can account for our results. At least for the eye movements reported here, a motion-from-form mechanism is thus involved in one of the most basic functions of the visual motion system: extracting motion direction from complex scenes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnatomical considerations led to the proposal that visual function is organized in separate processing streams: one (ventral) devoted to form and one (dorsal) devoted to motion. Several experimental results have challenged this view, arguing in favor of a more integrated view of visual processing. Here we add to this body of work, supporting a role for form information even in a function—extracting pattern motion direction from complex scenes—for which decisive evidence for the involvement of form signals has been lacking.
Synaptic Correlates of Low-Level Perception in V1
Authors: Gerard-Mercier Florian , Carelli Pedro V. , Pananceau Marc , Troncoso Xoana G. , Frégnac Yves
Published: April 2016

The computational role of primary visual cortex (V1) in low-level perception remains largely debated. A dominant view assumes the prevalence of higher cortical areas and top-down processes in binding information across the visual field. Here, we investigated the role of long-distance intracortical connections in form and motion processing by measuring, with intracellular recordings, their synaptic impact on neurons in area 17 (V1) of the anesthetized cat. By systematically mapping synaptic responses to stimuli presented in the nonspiking surround of V1 receptive fields, we provide the first quantitative characterization of the lateral functional connectivity kernel of V1 neurons. Our results revealed at the population level two structural-functional biases in the synaptic integration and dynamic association properties of V1 neurons. First, subthreshold responses to oriented stimuli flashed in isolation in the nonspiking surround exhibited a geometric organization around the preferred orientation axis mirroring the psychophysical “association field” for collinear contour perception. Second, apparent motion stimuli, for which horizontal and feedforward synaptic inputs summed in-phase, evoked dominantly facilitatory nonlinear interactions, specifically during centripetal collinear activation along the preferred orientation axis, at saccadic-like speeds. This spatiotemporal integration property, which could constitute the neural correlate of a human perceptual bias in speed detection, suggests that local (orientation) and global (motion) information is already linked within V1. We propose the existence of a “dynamic association field” in V1 neurons, whose spatial extent and anisotropy are transiently updated and reshaped as a function of changes in the retinal flow statistics imposed during natural oculomotor exploration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe computational role of primary visual cortex in low-level perception remains debated. The expression of this “pop-out” perception is often assumed to require attention-related processes, such as top-down feedback from higher cortical areas. Using intracellular techniques in the anesthetized cat and novel analysis methods, we reveal unexpected structural-functional biases in the synaptic integration and dynamic association properties of V1 neurons. These structural-functional biases provide a substrate, within V1, for contour detection and, more unexpectedly, global motion flow sensitivity at saccadic speed, even in the absence of attentional processes. We argue for the concept of a “dynamic association field” in V1 neurons, whose spatial extent and anisotropy changes with retinal flow statistics, and more generally for a renewed focus on intracortical computation.
NG2 targets tumorigenic Rb inactivation in Pit1-lineage pituitary cells
Authors: Tateno Toru , Nakano-Tateno Tae , Ezzat Shereen , Asa Sylvia L
Published: April 2016

The proteoglycan neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) is expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitors, pericytes, and some cancerous cells where it is implicated in tumor development. We examined mice with NG2-driven pRb inactivation. Unexpectedly,NG2-Cre:pRbflox/floxmice developed pituitary tumors with high penetrance. Adenohypophysial neoplasms developed initially as multifocal lesions; by 1 year, large tumors showed brain invasion. Immunohistochemistry identified these as Pit1-lineage neoplasms, with variable immunoreactivity for growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, and α-subunit of glycoprotein hormones. Other than modest hyperprolactinemia, circulating hormone levels were not elevated. To determine the role of NG2 in the pituitary, we investigated NG2 expression. Immunoreactivity was identified in anterior and posterior lobes but not in the intermediate lobe of the mouse pituitary; in the adenohypophysis, folliculostellate cells had the strongest NG2 immunoreactivity but showed no proliferation in response to Rb inactivation. Pit1-positive adenohypophysial cells were positive for NG2, but corticotroph and gonadotroph cells were negative. RT-PCR revealed NG2 expression in normal human pituitary and human pituitary tumors; immunohistochemistry localized NG2 in nontumorous human adenohypophysis with strongest positivity in folliculostellate cells, and in tumors of all types except corticotrophs. Functional studies in GH4 mammosomatotrophs showed that NG2 increases prolactin (PRL), reduces growth hormone (GH) expression, and enhances cell adhesion without influencing proliferation. In conclusion, NG2-driven pRb inactivation results in pituitary tumors that mimic endocrinologically inactive Pit1-lineage human pituitary tumors. This model identifies a role for NG2 in pituitary cell-type-specific functions and unmasks a protective role from Rb inactivation in folliculostellate cells; it can be used for further research, including preclinical testing of novel therapies.
GLP2: an underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Amato Antonella , Baldassano Sara , Mulè Flavia
Published: April 2016

Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) is a proglucagon-derived peptide produced by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and by a discrete population of neurons in the brainstem, which projects mainly to the hypothalamus. The main biological actions of GLP2 are related to the regulation of energy absorption and maintenance of mucosal morphology, function and integrity of the intestine; however, recent experimental data suggest that GLP2 exerts beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, especially in conditions related to increased uptake of energy, such as obesity, at least in the animal model. Indeed, mice lacking GLP2 receptor selectively in hypothalamic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin show impaired postprandial glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance (by increased gluconeogenesis). Moreover, GLP2 acts as a beneficial factor for glucose metabolism in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Thus, the aim of this review is to update and summarize current knowledge about the role of GLP2 in the control of glucose homeostasis and to discuss how this molecule could exert protective effects against the onset of related obesity type 2 diabetes.
Hans Küng. Jesús
Authors: Sardiñas Iglesias Loida
Published: April 2016

Con el teólogo Hans Küng se tiene la certeza de ir a una lectura segura, a un producto de reflexión madura que nunca defrauda. Y esto es lo que acontece con su texto “Jesús”, publicado por la Editorial Trotta en 2014, aunque el original apareciera en lengua alemana en el 2012 (München / Zürich: Editorial Piper). En siete capítulos Küng busca acercar al lector al personaje Jesús: a ese “desconocido Jesús terreno”. El punto de partida para comprender y experimentar a este hombre, que entiende el autor como un acercamiento verdaderamente situado, no es el ser divinizado y dogmatizado presente en las afirmaciones de fe de la Iglesia, sino el sujeto de la historia. Se trata de la vieja discusión metodológica y material-formal entre las llamadas cristologías descendentes y ascendentes, que es revitalizada aquí por el autor, en una radical opción por esta última, por una Jesuología desde abajo, en la medida en que, para Küng, el cristianismo no nace de una idea o un dogma, sino de la experiencia concreta y kerigmática de la vida, el mensaje, las acciones, la muerte y la resurrección de Jesús: “la esencia del cristianismo no es un contenido dogmático abstracto o una doctrina general sino, desde siempre, una figura histórica viviente, Jesús de Nazaret” (p. 10).
An Incomplete Understanding of Human Genetic Variation
Authors: Huddleston John , Eichler Evan E
Published: April 2016

Deciphering the genetic basis of human disease requires a comprehensive knowledge of genetic variants irrespective of their class or frequency. Although an impressive number of human genetic variants have been catalogued, a large fraction of the genetic difference that distinguishes two human genomes is still not understood at the base-pair level. This is because the emphasis has been on single-nucleotide variation as opposed to less tractable and more complex genetic variants, including indels and structural variants. The latter, we propose, will have a large impact on human phenotypes but require a more systematic assessment of genomes at deeper coverage and alternate sequencing and mapping technologies.
Changing the food game: Market transformation strategies for sustainable agriculture by Lucas Simons
Authors: Sneyd Adam
Published: April 2016

Experts in the area of new agricultural standards, codes, and certifications tend to hold strong perspectives on the reforms that they believe will transform unsustainable conventional farming practices. However, these important practitioner points of view infrequently make a big splash in global conversations and debates on the future of agriculture. The perspectives of philanthropists, celebrities, and generalists have of late received more attention than those of insider-type individuals that address this issue from their own particular technical or analytical perspective. And it is this gap that certification, farmer organization, and agricultural development consultant Lucas Simons seeks to fill in his new and highly accessible book Changing the Food Game.
Event Review of BPLTC III: Food Control
Authors: Tudge Pamela Honor
Published: April 2016

In Eastern Bloc’s recent exhibition BPLTC 111: Food Control new media artists use digital technologies as both a form of aesthetic presentation and a kind of mimicry to critique the technologically driven industrial food system. This exhibition was the last of a three-part exhibition on Biopolitics. The objective of the show is to explore how research and technological changes in society influence the ways food is distributed and accessed within contemporary regimes--a familiar topic to many food studies scholars.
The art of natural cheesemaking by David Asher
Authors: Yap Christopher
Published: April 2016

Cheese wasn’t designed. Cheeses were, and are, products of specific geographical, economic, ecological, and cultural circumstances. And so in the history of cheesemaking we see the history of agriculture, of trade, of places, and people. The countless cheeses—each made with only milk, rennet, bacterial cultures, and salt—reflect the diversity of the contexts in which they were first produced. Cheese therefore offers a rich, “living “connection to the past and, as Asher’s The Art of Natural Cheesemaking implies, a lens for engaging with the political, ethical and ecological issues that affect our futures.
Fat activism: A radical social movement by Charlotte Cooper
Authors: Kuyvenhoven Cassandra
Published: April 2016

In Fat Activism, Cooper responds to mainstream and scholarly writings on fat activism that she claims create negative assumptions or “proxies” of fat people. These constructed proxies serve to efface, reduce, and oversimplify the voices and the lived experiences of fat activists and fat activism. Through proxies, fat people are further marginalized and estranged from writings about what it means to be fat and what it means to be an activist. In this context, fat is a descriptive word that rejects medicalized terminology and encompasses non-normative embodiments of adipose tissue. Fat is not a bad word: it is powerful, political, and not without controversy.
The gluten lie: And other myths about what you eat by Alan Levinovitz
Authors: Brady Jennifer
Published: April 2016

What nutrition buzzword is on the tip of more tongues than gluten? Today’s popular obsession with gluten, or gluten avoidance more precisely, has spurred a bevy of gluten-free products and cookbooks with recipes for items such as cauliflower pizza crust. The Canadian market for gluten free products grew 26% between 2008 and 2012, and the sales for gluten-free foods in Canada has been estimated at upwards of $460 million despite the relatively low numbers of Canadians who require gluten free foods due to a diagnosis of Celiac disease (1%) or non-celiac gluten sensitivity (6%) (Agriculture and Agri-foods Canada, 2014). The most common reasons to avoid gluten given by those without a medical need to do so include “digestive health,” “nutritional concerns,” and “weight loss” (Agriculture and Agri-foods Canada, 2014). Calling Alan Levinovitz’s book, The Gluten Lie: And Other Myths About What You Eat timely is an understatement.
John G. Diefenbaker and Cross Border Relations During the Bomarc Missile Crisis
Authors: Empey Sarah
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses the influence of Canadian Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker's respective relationships with Dwight. D. Eisehnhower and John F. Kennedy on bilateral relations during the Bomarc Missile Crisis amidst the cold war.
The Finnish Battle for Identity: Finnish Socialism, Nationalism and Russian Ideological Intervention in the Finnish Civil War
Authors: Maavara Alexander
Published: April 2016

The Finnish Civil War, fought from January to May 1918, was one of the many small scale Eastern European conflicts fought in the ideological and ethnic turmoil that followed the Russian Revolution and the First World War.  The war was fought between socialist Finnish Reds and conservative Finnish Whites. Despite its class conflict characteristics, the Civil War was manufactured by the Whites as a War of Liberation from Russia. The Whites successfully mobilized Finnish nationalism by exploiting the nature and history of Finnish socialism to reveal contradictions in socialist policies and painting the Reds as puppets of Russian communists.
Jewels, Gems, and Magic Stones: The Uses of Stones in Natural Magic in the Middle Ages
Authors: Pihura Sonya
Published: April 2016

In the Middle Ages, many people believed that rocks and minerals possessed magical properties. For example, rubies were used to treat disorders of the blood, while topaz was used to ward off demons. This paper describes the supposed properties of these stones and their uses as medicine, as good luck charms and protective amulets, and as a means of working magic.
The Human Rights Movement Against Apartheid South Africa: The Impact of Boycotts, Divestment, and Sanctions
Authors: Wintle Colin
Published: April 2016

This paper focuses on the development of the anti-apartheid movement and the role of boycotts, divestment, and sanctions in bringing down the apartheid regime of South Africa. It first establishes the anti-apartheid movement as a human rights movement, fighting against institutionalized racism as a human rights violation. It then analyzes the movement’s development from disorganized and disconnected, to professional and universal. Focusing mainly on the developments within the United States and the United Kingdom, the movement can be seen as developing within government institutions as well as grassroots organizations. The implementation of boycotts, divestment, and sanctions by the movement are analyzed individually through specific examples. The impact of these campaigns collectively was very substantial in causing discontent within South Africa, leading to a fall in support for apartheid from within the state. The paper concludes that it was the combined efforts of boycotts, divestment, and sanctions to infiltrate South Africa socially, economically, and politically that truly brought an end to apartheid.
Journal Information
Authors:   Editor-in-Chief
Published: April 2016

Null
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ РАДИОТЕЛЕМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПОГОДНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ НА СКОРОСТЬ МИГРАЦИИ БЕЛЫХ АИСТОВ
Authors: Matsyura A. V.
Published: April 2016

The relation between weather and daily migration speed along the entire migration route of white storks was analysed.  Mean daily migration speed was calculated using satellite telemetry data for autumn and spring migration of white storks from their breeding grounds to wintering grounds in Africa and back. White storks migrated significantly faster and had a shorter migration season in autumn (10,7 km/h) compared to spring (7,4 km/h).  In autumn mean daily migration speed was significantly slower in Europe (8,7 km/h) than in the Middle East (11,7 km/h) and Africa (11,3 km/h).  In spring mean daily migration speed was significantly faster in Africa (10,5 km/h) as birds left their wintering grounds than in the Middle East and Europe (6,3 km/h and 5,5 km/h). In both spring and autumn tailwind (at 850mb) and latitude were found to be significant variables related to daily migration speed.
Key words: migration, weather conditions, White storks, satellite telemetry.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ДАННЫХ МЕЧЕНИЯ И ПОВТОРНОГО ОТЛОВА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РАЗМЕРА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ
Authors: Matsyura A. V.
Published: April 2016

Marked and capture-recapture methods are the main alternative to the methods of absolute count for determination of the populations size within the limits of biotope. Principal advantage of these methods is the absence of dependence between the calculation error of population size and biotope area. The basic lack of the methods is the results’ dependence on a sample size.

This article aims to fill the existent gaps in national ecological literature concerning the usage of these methods and to present the algorithms of determination of population size from the data of marked and capture–recapture methods.

Key words: population, marked methods, capture-recapture methods, mathematical methods.
МЕТАБОЛІЧНИЙ ПРОФІЛЬ КРОВІ КОРІВ ЗА ЛІКУВАННЯ ГІПОФУНКЦІЇ ЯЄЧНИКІВ ГОРМОНАЛЬНИМИ ТА ФІТОПРЕПАРАТАМИ
Authors: Kornyat S. B. , Sharan M. M. , Andrushko O. B. , Yaremchuk I. M.
Published: April 2016

For the correction of reproductive function of cows with ovarian hypofunction practices use a number of hormones. Recently, to stimulate reproductive function using herbal medicines that have gonadotropic effect or stimulate secretion of steroid hormones who try to use to increase fertility. Therefore, we carried out an attempt to develop a method of regulation of reproductive function of the ovaries of cows using combination therapies that can provide effective treatment by studying the biochemical parameters of animals.

The cows were divided depending on the treatment to control and two experimental groups of 5 animals in each group. Groups were formed by the following treatment regimens indicated pathology. Cows control group treated by next scheme: day 1 — intramuscular injection drug in vitro at a dose of 10 ml; day 2 —PMSG intramuscular administration of the drug at a dose of 500 IU; day 3 —intramuscular injection drug Surfahon at a dose of 50 mg. Cows from experimental group 1 was injected intramuscularly liposomal drug based on herbal (Rhodiola rosea, Salvia); Animals from second experimental group were injected intramuscularly liposomal drug based on phyto-substances (Rhodiola rosea, Salvia) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Surfahon).

Analysis of biochemical parameters of blood serum of cows with ovarian hypofunction found low concentrations of estradiol-17-β and progesterone. Between the control and experimental groups concentration of progesterone and estradiol-17-β differ within 10%, which indicates the same level of disease in all animals selected. Level carotene, ascorbic acid and cholesterol in all groups was within the physiological norm and differed slightly.

It was established that the treatment of cows with hypofunction ovaries in the experimental group 1 progesterone level 7 days after treatment was 11.5, and 2 - on 41,4% (p <0,01) higher than in the control group animals, indicating that the revitalization of the ovary as a result of treatment and efficacy of liposomal drug on the basis of phyto-substances with gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

The level of cholesterol on 7th day after treatment cows with ovarian hypofunction in the first experimental group was higher by 25,5% (p <0,05) and slightly exceeded the physiological value of this indicator in cows. In the second experimental group, it also exceed the physiological norm and exceeded the level in blood of cows in the control group at 18,6% (p <0,05), indicating the possibility of using cholesterol for the synthesis of progesterone.

All the cows in the period from 30 to 60 days after the treatment have sign of oestrus and were artificially inseminated.
PERFORMANCE OF CONDITIONAL MODELS IN GOLD RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Schlender Sergio Guilherme , Righi Marcelo Brutti , Ceretta Paulo Sergio
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Even with studies to confront different risk models for gold, there is no consensus about what is the best approach or models when considering the presence of extreme negative values. To that, we employ a backtesting in conditional models with distinct distributions in order to estimate VaR and ES risk measures and, thus, find a pattern for the risk of investments in gold. We verify that the EVT approach has more conservative and volatile risk estimates, with satisfactory results in extreme situations.
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION AS DEFINED BY WORKER
Authors: Gondim Sônia Maria Guedes , Loiola Elisabeth , Morais Franciane Andrade de , Dutra Silvia Cristina da Costa , Rovira Dario Paéz , Rodrígues Marta , Lima Daniela Cristina Ribeiro de , Mourão Luciana
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Creativity and innovation are now required given the new configurations in work processes, in organizational formats, in physical and intangible technologies, as well as in products and markets. In parallel with the growing centrality and interest in the phenomena of creativity and innovation, a broadening of its concepts is observed. The inflation and trivialization of uses tend to make them self-explanatory and not very enlightening regarding situations to which they apply and the associated effects. The lack of conceptual clarity thus contributes both to undermining policies to promote creativity and innovation in organizations, as well as to hinder the employees' adherence to such policies. The study aimed to characterize the key elements of workers' informal definitions of creativity and innovation, and identify their alignment with definitions and theoretical perspectives. The study included 231 workers from Portuguese-, Spanish-, and Basque-speaking countries, aged 22-75 years. The qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti 7 was used for coding and categorization. One point of convergence with the specialized literature was that creativity and innovation strongly associated with novelty in the development of an idea / product / process / service. Creativity, however, is defined more in terms of dispositional factors rather than contextual and situational factors, diverging from current theoretical perspectives. Planning as a key aspect for organizational innovation development is practically absent from the workers' definitions. It discusses some impacts of these settings for organizational management practices.
Padrões alimentares de adolescentes e associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva David Franciole de Oliveira , Lyra Clélia de Oliveira , Lima Severina Carla Vieira Cunha
Published: April 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar por meio de uma revisão sistemática os principais padrões alimentares de adolescentes e verificar sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, além da busca manual de artigos originais publicados entre 2005 a 2014. Dos 371 registros identificados; 26 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram inseridos na revisão. Os principais padrões alimentares observados foram Ocidental (61%), Saudável (42%) e Tradicionais (38%). O padrão Ocidental foi positivamente associado com colesterol total e Síndrome Metabólica (SM), enquanto que o Saudável associou-se inversamente com glicemia de jejum, Pressão Arterial Diastólica (PAD) e SM e positivamente com HDL-c, todas estas associações com qualidade da evidência D, muito baixa, segundo o sistema GRADE. Os padrões Tradicionais se relacionaram como fator de risco para hiperglicemia, hiperinsulinemia e hipertrigliceridemia e proteção para atividade física e IMC eutrófico. Por mais que estes resultados precisem ser analisados com prudência, devido à baixa qualidade da evidência, observa-se a necessidade de medidas que visem à promoção da alimentação saudável em adolescentes, de modo a contribuir para a prevenção de fatores de risco cardiovascular.
Comportamentos saudáveis e escolaridade no Brasil: tendência temporal de 2008 a 2013
Authors: Camelo Lidyane do Valle , Figueiredo Roberta Carvalho de , Oliveira-Campos Maryane , Giatti Luana , Barreto Sandhi Maria
Published: April 2016

Resumo Este estudo analisou dados do Sistema de Vigilância por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de aglomeração de comportamentos saudáveis (não fumar, consumo não abusivo de álcool, prática de atividade física regular no lazer e consumo recomendado de frutas e hortaliças) e sua tendência temporal entre 2008 e 2013. Adicionalmente, avaliamos se a associação entre a escolaridade e a aglomeração de 3 ou mais comportamentos saudáveis reduziu em magnitude nesse mesmo período. Razões de prevalências foram obtidas por regressão de Poisson. Encontramos que entre 2008 e 2013, a prevalência de aglomeração de 3 ou mais comportamentos saudáveis aumentou de 20% para 25% entre os homens, e passou de 26% para 32% entre as mulheres, sugerindo um aumento da prevalência de padrões de comportamentos saudáveis no Brasil. Esse aumento foi evidenciado em todas as faixas de escolaridade. Entretanto, a magnitude da associação entre escolaridade e prevalência da aglomeração dos 3 ou mais comportamentos saudáveis permaneceu constante no período. Assim, os resultados sugerem que as disparidades por escolaridade na aglomeração de 3 ou mais comportamentos saudáveis não se alteraram ao longo do tempo, apesar das melhorias sociais observadas no país nos últimos anos.
Prática de atividade física entre jovens em município do semiárido no Brasil
Authors: Dumith Samuel Carvalho , Santos Marcio Neres dos , Teixeira Lisiane Ortiz , Cazeiro Cristine Coelho , Mazza Sheynara Emi Ito , Cesar Juraci Almeida
Published: April 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de atividade física em jovens e analisar sua associação com características demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais. Foram estudados todos os jovens com idade entre 13 e 19 anos residentes no município de Caracol, Piauí, em 2011, totalizando 1.112 indivíduos. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas domiciliares, utilizando questionário padronizado. A variável dependente foi a prática de atividade física em uma semana habitual. Foram considerados fisicamente ativos os jovens que realizaram atividade física moderada a vigorosa com pelo menos uma hora de duração em todos os dias da semana. A prevalência de jovens fisicamente ativos foi de 12,6% (IC95% 10,6 a 14,5), sendo maior no sexo masculino (20,3%; IC95% 16,8 a 23,7) e para aqueles no tercil superior da variável índice de bens (16,5; IC95% 12,7 a 20,3), e inversamente proporcional à faixa etária. Entre os rapazes, os de cor preta foram mais ativos (32,3%; IC95% 14,9 a 49,7); entre as moças, foram as de cor de pele branca (12,7%; IC95% 5,2 a 20,2). A prevalência de atividade física foi baixa nesta população, sobretudo no sexo feminino, em jovens de faixas etárias mais avançadas e naqueles de menor nível socioeconômico.
Autopercepção de saúde em trabalhadores de um Hospital Universitário e sua associação com indicadores de adiposidade, pressão arterial e prática de atividade física
Authors: Porto Denilson Braga , Arruda Gustavo Aires de , Altimari Leandro Ricardo , Cardoso Júnior Crivaldo Gomes
Published: April 2016

Resumo A autopercepção de saúde tem demonstrado estreita relação com indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade. Em funcionários de hospitais existe uma escassez acerca destas informações, por isso o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de satisfação com a saúde em trabalhadores de um Hospital Universitário (HU) e sua associação com indicadores de adiposidade, pressão arterial (PA) e de atividade física (AF). Participaram do estudo 380 adultos entre 20 e 59 anos com idade média de 43,92 (DP = 8,46) anos. A autopercepção de saúde foi avaliada mediante uma questão extraída do questionário “WHOQOL-bref”. A satisfação com a saúde foi de 60,8%, e as mulheres declararam estar menos satisfeitas. A análise ajustada pelo sexo indicou que apresentar IMC eutrófico se associou com a maior ocorrência de satisfação com a saúde (RP = 1,478 [IC 95%: 1,272 – 1,717]) seguido pela CC (RP = 1,323 [IC 95%: 1,135 – 1,541]). A PA e a AF não se associaram à autopercepção de saúde. Conclui-se que os trabalhadores do HU reconhecem os riscos à sua saúde, todavia negligenciam a importância de manter valores pressóricos adequados e ter uma prática regular de AF com o intuito de postergar o surgimento de alguma condição crônica que seja maléfica ao organismo.
Factors Associated with Mathematics Performance in Brazilian Basic Education
Authors: Vinha Luís Gustavo do Amaral , Karino Camila Akemi , Laros Jacob Arie
Published: April 2016

Abstract Several studies have indicated that student performance is strongly influenced by school context. Within this frame of reference, the present study sought to identify contextual variables that affect proficiency in mathematics taking the multilevel structure of schools into consideration. The information of 4,338,885 students who participated in the Brazilian national assessment of educational progress of 2009 was used. Multilevel analysis showed an intra-class correlation of .27 and .19 for the 5th grade of elementary school and 9th grade of middle school, the last year of middle school. In both models, more than 50% of school level variance and more than 11% of the variance on student level was explained. The final model is composed of control variables, 13 student level variables, 9 school level variables, and random and interaction effects. The results contribute to a better comprehension of factors that affect school performance, which permits the orientation of public policies.
Habitação e políticas públicas: o que se tem pesquisado a respeito?
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas Pazolini Dias , Moreira Vinícius de Souza
Published: April 2016

Resumo Objetivou-se com este artigo analisar a produção científica sobre a política habitacional brasileira, a partir de 1964 até 2014, de forma a compreender como essa questão tem sido estudada pela Administração e por outras áreas das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Para tanto, realizou-se um metaestudo, que foi sistematizado em três momentos: (i) a escolha da literatura a ser analisada; (ii) o levantamento das informações; (iii) a análise, a interpretação e a apresentação dos resultados. A técnica de análise de conteúdo, subdivida nas etapas de pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento dos resultados, deu suporte à construção da proposta. Alguns resultados interessantes foram: predomínio dos pesquisadores gaúchos e paulistas, pertencentes, principalmente, à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Universidade de São Paulo; o emprego de pesquisas de cunho avaliativo que envolviam programas habitacionais de abrangência nacional, como o Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida e o Programa de Arrendamento Residencial, executados a nível local. No entanto, algumas lacunas foram identificadas: o direcionamento de estudos à provisão habitacional, isto é, à construção de casas, com pouca produção envolvendo outras perspectivas da política de habitação, como a reforma e a regularização de assentamentos precários; o predomínio das pesquisas em âmbito urbano indicando a carência de estudos direcionados à habitação rural.
Entre a recuperação patrimonial e a questão da moradia: projetos de renovação urbana para o centro de Santos
Authors: Maziviero Maria Carolina
Published: April 2016

Resumo O objeto de estudo deste artigo é a cidade de Santos, mais especificamente a gestão pública municipal, no que se refere aos projetos para a região central da cidade e às suas implicações sociais. Devido à vertiginosa valorização do solo urbano em Santos nos últimos 15 anos, combinada com uma gestão pública marcada pelo patrimonialismo e pelo crescente atendimento aos interesses do grande capital privado, houve dois processos bastante nítidos na cidade: a) a expulsão de parcela da população de Santos, principalmente para outras cidades da Baixada Santista; b) a mercantilização do patrimônio arquitetônico e urbanístico, que tem sido preservado, desde que não interfira nos interesses do mercado imobiliário. O trabalho apresenta como objetivo principal a descrição, a análise e a avaliação das políticas públicas urbanas para o centro de Santos, no que tange ao seu conjunto de valores, lógica de funcionamento, interesses atendidos e suas implicações sociais.
Mode B ultrasonography and abdominal Doppler in crab-eating-foxes ( Cerdocyon thous )
Authors: Silva Alanna S.L. , Feliciano Marcus A.R. , Motheo Tathiana F. , Oliveira Juliana P. , Kawanami Aline E. , Werther Karin , Palha Maria D.C. , Vicente Wilter R.R.
Published: April 2016

Abstract: Annually hundreds of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) are referred to rehabilitation centers and zoos in Brazil. The ultrasonographic study of wildlife species is an important tool for a non-invasive and accurate anatomical description and provides important information for wildlife veterinary care. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the main abdominal organs as well as the vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) using mode B ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Ultrasonographic features of the main abdominal organs were described and slight differences were noticed between ultrasound imaging of abdominal organs of crab-eating foxes and other species. The bladder presented wall thickness of 12±0.01mm, with three defined layers. Both, the right and left kidneys presented corticomedullary ratio of 1:1 and similarly to the adrenals and the liver, they were homogeneous and hypoechoic compared to the spleen. The spleen was homogeneous and hyperechoic compared to the kidneys. The stomach presented 3 to 5 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 39±0.05mm and lumen and mucosa with hyperechoic and hypoechoic features, respectively. Small and large intestines presented 2 to 3 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 34±0.03mm and three defined layers with hyperechogenic (submucosa and serosa) and hypoechogenic (muscular) features. Ovaries of the female crab-eating fox were hypoechoic compared to the spleen and with heterogeneous parenchyma due to the presence of 2x2mm ovarian follicles. Prostates of the six males were regular and with a well defined boundary, with a homogeneous and hyperechoic parenchyma compared to the spleen. Vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta (PSV: 25.60±0.32cm/s; EDV: 6.96±1.68cm/s; PI: 1.15±0.07 e RI: 0.73±0.07) and right (PSV: 23.08±3.34cm/s; EDV: 9.33±2.36cm/s; PI: 1.01±0.65 e RI: 0.65±0.16) and left renal arteries (PSV: 23.74±3.94cm/s; EDV: 9.07±3.02cm/s; PI: 1.04±0.31 e RI: 0.64±0.10) were determined. Thus, conventional and Doppler ultrasonographic imaging provides basic information that can be used as reference for the species as well for other wild canids and it is a precise and non-invasive method that can be safely used to evaluate and diagnose abdominal injuries in these patients.
Transfusion monitoring: care practice analysis in a public teaching hospital
Authors: Reis Valesca Nunes dos , Paixão Isabella Bertolin , Perrone Ana Carolina Amaral de São José , Monteiro Maria Inês , Santos Kelli Borges dos
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the process of recording transfusion monitoring at a public teaching hospital. Methods A descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach, analyzing the instruments to record transfusion monitoring at a public hospital in a city in the State of Minas Gerais (MG). Data were collected on the correct completion of the instrument, time elapsed from transfusions, records of vital signs, type of blood component more frequently transfused, and hospital unit where transfusion was performed. Results A total of 1,012 records were analyzed, and 53.4% of them had errors in filling in the instruments, 6% of transfusions started after the recommended time, and 9.3% of patients had no vital signs registered. Conclusion Failures were identified in the process of recording transfusion monitoring, and they could result in more adverse events related to the administration of blood components. Planning and implementing strategies to enhance recording and to improve care delivered are challenging.
Treatment of Bartholin gland cyst with CO2laser
Authors: Speck Neila Maria de Góis , Boechat Karol Pereira Ruela , Santos Georgia Mouzinho Lima dos , Ribalta Julisa Chamorro Lascasas
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the results of treatment with CO2 laser for Bartholin gland cysts. Methods Thirty-one women with Bartholin gland cysts were treated with CO2laser at an outpatient´s setting. Skin incision was performed with focused laser beam, the capsule was opened to drain mucoid content, followed by internal vaporization of impaired capsule. Results There were no complications. Five patients had recurrence of the cyst and were submitted to a second and successful session. Conclusion CO2 laser surgery was effective to treat Bartholin gland cysts with minimal or no complications, and can be performed at an outpatient´s setting.
Potentially malignant oral lesions: clinicopathological correlations
Authors: Maia Haline Cunha de Medeiros , Pinto Najara Alcântara Sampaio , Pereira Joabe dos Santos , Medeiros Ana Miryam Costa de , Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas da , Miguel Márcia Cristina da Costa
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the incidence of potentially malignant oral lesions, and evaluate and correlate their clinical and pathological aspects. Methods The sample consisted of cases clinically diagnosed as oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, actinic cheilitis, and oral lichen planus treated at a diagnostic center, between May 2012 and July 2013. Statistical tests were conducted adopting a significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). Results Out of 340 patients, 106 (31.2%) had potentially malignant oral lesions; and 61 of these (17.9%) were submitted to biopsy. Actinic cheilitis was the most frequent lesion (37.5%) and the lower lip was the most affected site (49.6%). Among 106 patients in the sample, 48 (45.3%) reported nicotine consumption, 35 (33%) reported alcohol intake and 34 (32.1%) sun exposure while working. When clinical and histopathological diagnoses were compared, oral erythroplakia and atypical ulcer were the lesions that exhibited greater compatibility (100% each). Conclusion In most cases, clinical and histopathological diagnoses were compatible. An association between the occurrence of erythroplakia, leukoplakia and erythroleukoplakia with smoking was observed. Similarly, an association between actinic cheilitis and sun exposure was noted. Erythroleukoplakia presented the highest malignancy grade in this study. Finally, dental surgeons should draw special attention to diagnosis of potentially malignant oral lesions, choose the best management, and control the lesions to avoid their malignant transformation.