bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Teretamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae) from southwestern Yunnan, China
Authors: Pan Da , Shi Boyang , Sun Hongying
Published: October 2021

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Teretamon Yeo & Ng, 2007, Teretamon husicum sp. nov., is described here from Husa Town, Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Teretamon husicum sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by a suite of morphological characters, including a bilobed frontal margin, smooth posterolateral regions, and a broadly rounded dorsal flap on the G1 terminal segment. An updated identification key for the species of the genus Teretamon is provided.
Atyid shrimps of the genus Caridina (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) of Taipa-Coloane Island, Macau, China, with description of a new species
Authors: Zhou Guofeng , Zhang Wangang , Wong Kaichin , Huang Jianrong
Published: October 2021

In this study, four species of atyid shrimps of the genus Caridina, viz., Caridina cantonensis Yü, 1938, C. breviata N. K. Ng & Cai, 2000, C. gracilipes De Man, 1892 and C. macauensis sp. nov., are documented from Macau, China for the first time. The new species, C. macauensis sp. nov., is identified using morphological and molecular data. According to its morphology, C. macauensis is distinguished from the closely related species C. trifasciata Yam & Cai, 2003, by a shorter rostrum, male second pereiopod and colouration. A diagnosis of the three known species and a full description of C. macauensis sp. nov. are presented. Furthermore, genetic data of C. macauensis sp. nov. derived from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) support that this species has a sufficient interspecific divergence from its congeners.
Chinese Migration in Poland — an Attempt to Characterize the Migrant Group, Including the Cultural and Educational Perspective of the Young Generation
Authors: Mikulska Anna
Published: October 2021

Chinese Migration in Poland — an Attempt to Characterize the Migrant Group, Including the Cultural and Educational Perspective of the Young GenerationThis article presents selected examples related to everyday school life as  experienced by one generation of Chinese immigrants in Poland. Apart from a theoretical framework, the statements and research questions were supported by empirical evidence showing that the process of acquiring Polish language and cultural norms may be a more complex challenge for Chinese immigrants in comparison to other immigrant groups in Poland. Migracja chińska w Polsce — próba charakterystyki grupy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem młodego pokolenia uczęszczającego obecnie do polskich szkółCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie migracji chińskiej w Polsce, w tym pokolenia uczęszczającego obecnie do polskich szkół. Na przykładzie wybranej grupy uczniów podjęto próbę wykazania, z jakimi trudnościami o charakterze językowym i kulturowym mogą borykać się młodzi imigranci na drodze trudnej adaptacji w nowym kraju osiedlenia. Oprócz części teoretycznej, tekst zawiera także część badawczą, która ukazuje, jak złożony może być proces nabywania polszczyzny oraz norm kulturowych przez młodzież pochodzącą spoza Europy.
The Polish Language in Egypt: Current Status and Speakers’ Preferences
Authors: Dzierżawin Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The Polish Language in Egypt: Current Status and Speakers’ PreferencesThe article describes multilingualism and language preferences of the Polish community living in Egypt. The present paper is a first study of multilingualism involving both Polish and Arabic. Field study was carried out in October – December 2020 using surveys and face-to-face interviews. This includes 54 persons who belong mainly to the first generation of migrants, as well as the second and third generation of Polish diaspora. The research aims to explore the process of becoming and being trilingual, and how the use of languages changes in emigration, depending on the spheres of life and self-realization among different generations of the Polish diaspora. Status języka polskiego i preferencje językowe Polonii w EgipcieAutorka opisuje wielojęzyczność i preferencje językowe Polaków mieszkających w Egipcie. Prezentuje pierwsze badania nad wielojęzycznością, obejmujące język polski i arabski. Zostały one przeprowadzone w październiku 2020 roku z wykorzystaniem ankiet i wywiadów uzupełniających. Objęto nimi 54 osoby należące głównie do pierwszego pokolenia migrantów, jak również drugiego i trzeciego pokolenia Polonii. Badania mają na celu zgłębienie procesu stawania się (i bycia) trójjęzycznym oraz tego, jak w warunkach emigracyjnych wśród różnych pokoleń Polonii zmienia się użycie języków w zależności od sfer życia i samorealizacji.
Evaluation of Industry Relationships Among Authors of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Regarding Ménières Disease
Authors: Wenger David , Nowlin Ross , Johnson Austin L. , Anderson Michael , Weaver Michael , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

To quantify the presence of conflicts of interest (COI) in SRs and MAs of Ménières disease treatment and identify any related secondary characteristics of these articles.

Methods:

A search was conducted on May 28, 2020 to search MEDLINE and Embase databases for SRs or MAs pertaining to Ménières disease published between September 1, 2016 and June 2, 2020. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment criteria.

Results:

A total of 13 systematic reviews conducted by 49 authors met the inclusion criteria. Of the 49 authors, 7 (14.3%) were found to have some form of COI. Of these 7 authors, 1 (14.3%) completely disclosed all COI within the SR, 1 (14.3%) disclosed one or more COI but were found to have an additional undisclosed COI, and 5 (71.4%) were found to have only undisclosed COI. One of 2 industry funded SRs (50%) had a high risk of bias, and 1 (50%) of the non-industry sponsored SRs were found to have a high risk of bias.

Conclusions:

Overall authors of SRs pertaining to Ménières disease appear to be properly disclosing COI at higher rates than other fields of medicine; however, further room for improvement has been noted.
Expressions of Authentic Voice: Urban High School Students’ Perceptions of Teaching as a Career Choice While Participating in a Pipeline Program for Aspiring Teachers of Color
Authors: Witmer Miriam Marguerita Gomez , Wimer Jeffrey W.
Published: October 2021

Students of color do not pursue teaching careers as often as their white counterparts. Project Teacher Development (PTD) is a partnership between a large urban school district and a public regional university to recruit and prepare students of color as future educators. The goal of PTD is to identify, mentor, and inspire high school students to pursue careers in education using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as an interpretive framework. Results from this longitudinal qualitative study indicate increased awareness of teaching skills and expectations for college. Too often, programs in education expect future teachers of color to divorce themselves from their racial and ethnic identities. Participants in this study expressed authentic voice, which is essential to develop autonomy, relatedness, and competence—the foundational elements of SDT. While the challenges of recruiting and preparing teachers of color remain multifaceted, specialized pipeline programs that maximize success for marginalized students are essential.
Are residential care homes really bad for children? Voices of alumni of residential child and youth care in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Roberts Petra
Published: October 2021

Social workers have advocated closing large youth care institutions and moving to adoption, foster care and group homes. However, these approaches have proven to be costly and often disruptive of children’s lives. This study of 24 alumni of orphanages and large group homes in Trinidad and Tobago shows that the children experienced stability and happiness, with siblings kept together and almost universal secondary school graduation. Problems occurred in the transition from the homes to the community. With attention to gender in discharge policies, large group care may be beneficial and cost effective, especially for low-resource developing countries.
Relatively Happy: The Role of the Positive-to-Negative Affect Ratio in Japanese and Belgian Couples
Authors: Kirchner-Häusler Alexander , Boiger Michael , Uchida Yukiko , Higuchi Yoko , Uchida Atsuhiko , Mesquita Batja
Published: October 2021

Satisfied couples in European-American cultural contexts experience higher ratios of positive to negative affect during interactions than their less satisfied counterparts. The current research tests the possibility that this finding is culture-bound. It compares proportions of positive to negative affect during couple interactions in two different cultural contexts: Belgium and Japan. Whereas Belgian relationship goals (e.g., mutual affirmation and self-esteem) call for the experience of positive affect, Japanese relationship goals (e.g., harmony and self-adjustment) call for the avoidance of negative affect. We propose that these differences result in different affect ratios in close relationships. To test this idea, we tracked positive and negative feelings during couple interactions. Fifty-eight Belgian and 80 Japanese romantic couples took part in a lab interaction study, in which they discussed a topic of disagreement. Using a video-mediated recall, participants rated their positive and negative feelings during the interaction; relationship satisfaction was assessed before the interaction. As expected, Belgian couples’ positive-to-negative affect ratios were more positive than those of Japanese couples. Furthermore, in both cultures relationship satisfaction was positively associated with more positive affect ratios, but this effect was significantly stronger for Belgian than Japanese couples. Finally, mediation analyses showed that higher affect ratios were achieved in culturally different and meaningful ways: satisfied Belgian couples showed higher ratios primarily through higher levels of positive feelings, whereas satisfied Japanese couples showed higher ratios primarily through lower levels of negative feelings.
Enamel Caries Detection and Diagnosis: An Analysis of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Walsh T. , Macey R. , Ricketts D. , Carrasco Labra A. , Worthington H. , Sutton A.J. , Freeman S. , Glenny A.M. , Riley P. , Clarkson J. , Cerullo E.
Published: October 2021

Detection and diagnosis of caries—typically undertaken through a visual-tactile examination, often with supporting radiographic investigations—is commonly regarded as being broadly effective at detecting caries that has progressed into dentine and reached a threshold where restoration is necessary. With earlier detection comes an opportunity to stabilize disease or even remineralize the tooth surface, maximizing retention of tooth tissue and preventing a lifelong cycle of restoration. We undertook a formal comparative analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of different technologies to detect and inform the diagnosis of early caries using published Cochrane systematic reviews. Forming the basis of our comparative analysis were 5 Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews evaluating fluorescence, visual or visual-tactile classification systems, imaging, transillumination and optical coherence tomography, and electrical conductance or impedance technologies. Acceptable reference standards included histology, operative exploration, or enhanced visual assessment (with or without tooth separation) as appropriate. We conducted 2 analyses based on study design: a fully within-study, within-person analysis and a network meta-analysis based on direct and indirect comparisons. Nineteen studies provided data for the fully within-person analysis and 64 studies for the network meta-analysis. Of the 5 technologies evaluated, the greatest pairwise differences were observed in summary sensitivity points for imaging and all other technologies, but summary specificity points were broadly similar. For both analyses, the wide 95% prediction intervals indicated the uncertainty of future diagnostic accuracy across all technologies. The certainty of evidence was low, downgraded for study limitations, inconsistency, and indirectness. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy for most technologies indicate that the degree of certitude with which a decision is made regarding the presence or absence of disease may be enhanced with the use of such devices. However, given the broad prediction intervals, it is challenging to predict their accuracy in any future “real world” context.
Ubuntu Philosophy as a Humanistic–Existential Framework for the Fight Against the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chigangaidze Robert Kudakwashe , Matanga Anesu Aggrey , Katsuro Tafadzwa Roniah
Published: October 2021

Ubuntu has been identified by several scholars as a philosophy that provides a framework to fight health disasters such as COVID-19. Ubuntu refers to the African worldview of seeing oneself through others. It refers to the pattern of interconnectedness between people in the form of a philosophy or worldview. Ubuntu explores concerns about cosmic and global context of life. This article stipulates that Ubuntu can provide ways to deal with challenges that emerge with the COVID-19 pandemic. Ubuntu fosters the integrated components of humanity as it appreciates the biological, psychosocial, spiritual, and environmental aspects of life. The article explores several themes such as self-awareness and societal responsibility, holism, spirituality, health promotion, food security, social justice and human rights, generosity, sharing, and teamwork. Others have advanced that Ubuntu is a philosophy to adopt in the fight against epidemics, and we seek to broaden the debate by exploring Ubuntu axiological and ontological humanistic–existential themes. Finally, the article calls for the adoption of Ubuntu philosophy in psychological and social work interventions in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
The imaginary of a modern city: Post-politics and Myanmar’s urban development
Authors: Wells Tamas , Lamb Vanessa
Published: October 2021

Theories of ‘post-politics’ provide a lens through which to analyse contemporary urban development. Yet empirical studies examining this ‘age of post-politics’ are few, especially outside of Europe and North America. This article examines the promise and limits of notions of post-politics through the case of planning for New Yangon City, a multi-billion dollar urban development in Myanmar (Burma). While the 2021 military coup has now made the future of the project uncertain, our research conducted in 2019 revealed similar dynamics at play to those described more broadly in the literature on post-politics. We highlight familiar processes of delegation of decision-making, a proliferation of governance actors and an individualisation of policy issues. What is distinctive in Myanmar is the way a coalition of elite decision-makers have diluted and defused policy disagreements through the construction of a utopian vision of a modern international city. We see this imaginary of the modern city as a tactic to support the broader efforts of depoliticisation. This diverges from arguments that the imagination of social change is curtailed through the pragmatic post-political notion that ‘there is no alternative’. Instead, in the context of New Yangon City, utopian vision is integral to depoliticisation and limiting dissent. We conclude that attention to processes of depoliticisation is crucial in relation to mega project planning in Asia, and that a productive way forward for studies of urban development is not wholesale acceptance or dismissal of the notion of post-politics, but robust engagement with its critiques and promise.
Applying Offending Trajectory Analyses to Men Adjudicated for Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenses
Authors: Babchishin Kelly M. , Eke Angela W. , C. Lee Seung , Lewis Nicole , Seto Michael C.
Published: October 2021

We applied offending trajectory analyses to 387 men adjudicated for child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offenses. After an average of 20 years, we found two trajectories of sexual offending and violent offending: one that peaked in late adolescence and was associated with higher rates of crimes, and one that peaked in the 30s and was associated with a lower rate of crime. We found four trajectories when modeling any crime. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of men with CSEM offenses. Although lifelong patterns of numerous sexual crimes were uncommon, men with more sexual crimes had greater indicators of sexual interest in children and a younger age of first contact with police. CSEM offenses were rarely the first offense in their criminal trajectories. As such, early intervention targeting youth before they are further advanced in their criminal careers may also reduce future CSEM offending.
Smoothing the output power of a wind energy conversion system using a hybrid nonlinear pitch angle controller
Authors: Fan Ya-Jun , Xu Hai-tong , He Zhao-Yu
Published: October 2021

Wind energy has been developed and is widely used as a clean and renewable form of energy. Among the existing variety of wind turbines, variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines have become popular owing to their variable output power capability. In this study, a hybrid control strategy is proposed to implement pitch angle control. A new nonlinear hybrid control approach based on the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and fuzzy logic control is proposed to regulate the pitch angle and maintain the captured mechanical energy at the rated value. In the controller, the reference value of the pitch angle is predicted by the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System according to the wind speed and the blade tip speed ratio. A proposed fuzzy logic controller provides feedback based on the captured power to modify the pitch angle in real time. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid pitch angle control method was verified on a 5 MW offshore wind turbine under two different wind conditions using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results showed that fluctuations in rotor speed were dramatically mitigated, and the captured mechanical power was always near the rated value as compared with the performance when using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System alone. The variation rate of power was 0.18% when the proposed controller was employed, whereas it was 2.93% when only an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System was used.
The Object of Inquiry and Organization Studies
Authors: Frankel Christian
Published: October 2021

This essay argues for reinforcing the empirical stance within organization studies by more systematically presuming non-organization. The empirical stance within organization studies thereby comes to revolve around organization as a claim made in empirical inquiries. The presumption of non-organization takes the legal principle of presumption of innocence as its paradigm. It works by placing the burden of proof on the empirical inquiries to establish, beyond a reasonable doubt, that what is inquired into is an instance of organization (where organization may be understood in terms of organizing, organization of something, formal organization, etc.). Organization scholars may assume organization – and often for good reasons – when making a restaurant, a market, or something else object of inquiry. However, adopting the presumption of non-organization requires organization studies to make explicit what is understood by organization as well as what findings are mobilized to establish the claim that organization, in the sense subscribed to, is found. Hereby the presumption of non-organization reinforces the empirical stance as ‘a recurrent rebellion against the metaphysicians’ (van Fraassen). Metaphysics is not cancelled out by empirical inquiry, as it may be part and parcel of assumptions that inform empirical inquiry, and the presumption of non-organization calls for a recurrent test of such assumptions.
When Relationships Get in the Way: The emergence and persistence of care routines
Authors: Breslin Dermot
Published: October 2021

Past research has shown that routines can be a vehicle for both stability and change in organizations. It is unclear however how this relationship alters and solidifies over time. In this paper, the changing behaviours of three newly formed teams within a domiciliary care organization are tracked over a period of two years. It was seen that self-reinforcing processes shaped the emergence and persistence of action patterns within these groups. The first process achieved coordination benefits which drove the emergence of routines, as ‘action patterns’ were first negotiated and then assigned to members of the care team. The second self-reinforcing process involved sets of expectations which deepened interpersonal relationships between the care worker and client. The impact of both these processes, altered the ostensive-performative duality, as routines emerged and persisted over time. This study therefore highlights the changing dynamics of stability and change within routines, and the key role played by social relations in this process.
The influence of perspective-taking on stress during discrimination in interracial relationships
Authors: Caselli Abigail J. , Machia Laura V.
Published: October 2021

Interracial couples experience stressors that can negatively impact their relationship quality, such as racial discrimination. In dyads in which one partner identifies as White and the other identifies as Black or Hispanic, the stress due to racial discrimination is associated with differential alternatives: The White partner can end the relationship to stop their experience with the stress of racial discrimination, but Black or Hispanic partners cannot. As such, the White partner is a “weak link” in such relationships, and understanding processes that can mitigate discrimination-induced stress for White partners could be beneficial for interracial relationship longevity. In this study, we examined perspective-taking as a process to reduce momentary, discrimination-based stress. White partners in interracial relationships ( N = 292) were randomly assigned to engage in perspective-taking (or remain objective) when imagining their partner experiencing discrimination (or a common aversive situation). We predicted, and found, that momentary stress was lower for White partners who took their partners’ perspectives while thinking about them experiencing racial discrimination than for those who objectively recounted the details of their partners’ experiencing racial discrimination. In turn, lower momentary stress predicted greater commitment and relationship satisfaction. This indicates that perspective-taking can reduce the momentary stress a White partner experiences during an event of racial discrimination, which may strengthen interracial relationships.
A win-win situation? Urban regeneration and the paradox of homeowner displacement
Authors: Geva Yinnon , Rosen Gillad
Published: October 2021

This paper examines urban regeneration outcomes for homeowners through a mixed-methods analysis of population change in six redevelopment sites. Israel's national urban regeneration policy presents itself as a ‘win-win’ mechanism, claiming that it mitigates displacement. This claim is tested and discussed through the theoretical lens of state-led gentrification and displacement. The Israeli program relies on contractual agreements between private homeowners and developers and provides homeowners with newly built high-rise condominium units. Consequently, homeowners can choose how to capitalize on their new property – whether to inhabit, let or sell. We argue that their choice reflects the preferences and varied capabilities of owners. While homeowners are relatively protected from direct displacement, the variance in owner capabilities may lead to economic pressures that chiefly impact vulnerable low-income owners. We suggest that the Israeli model of sharing the benefits from housing commodification glosses over the capability gap and frames potential displacement pressures as market choice features.
The Double Standard Toward Female and Male Victims of Non-consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images
Authors: Zvi Liza
Published: October 2021

Non-consensual dissemination of intimate images (NCII) is a growing problem of sexual violence with grave consequences for victims. However, despite recent criminalization and civil and legal sanctions, there is reason to suspect that the majority of NCII cases remain unreported. The reasons for that may be similar to the ones accounting for under-reporting in cases of physical sexual violence and are tied to society’s attitude toward victims. Being a relatively new form of violence, psychological research on perceptions of NCII victims and offenders is scarce. The purpose of the present study was to extend the current knowledge by comparing perceptions toward female and male victims of NCII, while manipulating the victim’s role in producing the intimate material. Drawing on rape research, it was hypothesized that gender stereotypes interact with victims’ sex and behavior to influence the way victims are perceived. Five-hundred and thirty-nine male and female students were presented with a scenario depicting an NCII offense in which the intimate material was either self-generated by the victim (selfies) or stealth-taken by the victim’s ex-intimate partner. Victim and offender sex were also manipulated. The findings indicate a differential treatment toward female and male victims of NCII, depending on their role in the taking of the intimate images. More blaming was attributed toward a female victim whose intimate images were self-taken, in comparison to all other research conditions, and negative feelings toward her were the highest as well. These blame attributions, as well as negative feelings toward female victims, were particularly high on the side of male participants. The findings are interpreted as reflecting perceptions of traditional gender roles and a double standard toward female and male sexual behavior.
Quality of Care and Outcomes Among a Diverse Group of Long-Term Care Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz , Kumar Amit , Roy Indrakshi , Fashaw-Walters Shekinah , Baldwin Julie A.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This article assessed whether disparities among ADRD Medicare beneficiaries existed in five different long-stay quality measures. Methods: We linked individual-level data and facility-level characteristics. The main quality outcomes included whether residents: 1) were assessed/appropriately given the seasonal influenza vaccine; 2) received an antipsychotic medication; 3) experienced one/more falls with major injury; 4) were physically restrained; and 5) lost too much weight. Results: In 2016, there were 1,005,781 Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service long-term residents. About 78% were White, 13% Black, 2% Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian/PI), 6% Hispanic, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN). Whites reported higher use of antipsychotic medications along with Hispanics and AI/AN (28%, 28%, and 27%, respectively). Similarly, Whites and AIs/ANs reported having one/more falls compared to the other groups (9% and 8%, respectively). Discussion: Efforts to understand disparities in access and quality of care among American Indians/Alaska Natives are needed, especially post-pandemic.
Direct yaw-moment control of vehicles based on phase plane analysis
Authors: Liu Jun , Song Jian , Li Hanjie , Huang He
Published: October 2021

In view of the problems related to vehicle-handling stability and the real-time correction of the heading direction, nonlinear analysis of a vehicle steering system was carried out based on phase plane theory. Subsequently, direct yaw-moment control (DYC) of the vehicle was performed. A four-wheel, seven-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model that included the nonlinear characteristics of the tire was established. The stable and unstable regions of the vehicle phase plane were divided, and the stable boundary model was established by analyzing the side slip angle–yaw rate ([Formula: see text]) and side slip angle–side slip angle rate [Formula: see text] phase planes as functions of the vehicle state variables. In the unstable region of the phase plane, taking the instability degree as the control target, a fuzzy neural network control strategy was utilized to determine the additional yawing moment of the vehicle required for stability restoration, which pulled the vehicle back from an unstable state to the stable region. In the stable region of the phase plane, a fuzzy control strategy was utilized to determine the additional yawing moment so that the actual state variables followed the ideal state variables. In this way, the vehicle responded rapidly and accurately to the steering motion of the driver. A simulation platform was established in MATLAB/Simulink and three working condition was tested, that is, step, sine with dwell, and sine amplification signals. The results showed that the vehicle handling stability and the instantaneous heading-direction adjustment ability were both improved due to the control strategy.
Fixed-time cooperative guidance for multiple missiles with impact angle constraint
Authors: Zhou Xinghe , Wang Weihong , Liu Zhenghua
Published: October 2021

For the guidance problem of multiple missiles attacking a maneuvering target simultaneously in plane, a novel fixed-time distributed cooperative guidance law with impact angle constraint is designed in this paper. The design process of distributed cooperative guidance law can be roughly divided into two parts. First, based on the nonsingular terminal sliding mode control, a cooperative guidance law on the line-of-sight (LOS) direction is developed, which can guarantee that all missiles hit the maneuvering target simultaneously. Second, another guidance law in normal direction of the LOS direction is designed to achieve the fixed-time convergence of LOS angular rate and LOS angle. Finally, numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative guidance law for different engagement scenarios.
Bernard Hart (1879–1966) and his influence on British psychiatry
Authors: Davidson Jonathan R.T. , Hart Roger
Published: October 2021

Bernard Hart was among the most eminent 20th-century British psychiatrists. Following medical qualification at University College Hospital, London, he trained in psychiatry, which included two years studying in Paris and Zurich. He was appointed as the first psychiatric consultant at University College Hospital, then spent some time in Liverpool, where he specialized in treating war neurosis. Early in his career, Hart was one of the first to introduce the ideas of Freud and Janet, and the importance of unconscious processes, to the British public. After the First World War, Hart returned to University College Hospital, where he remained until 1947, building up a flourishing department. Hart was appointed to numerous senior offices and directed the psychiatric section of the British Emergency Medical Services in the Second World War. Hart is believed to be the last psychiatrist to certify someone (John Amery) as being of sufficiently sound mind to die for treason.
An Efficiency Analysis of Micro Units in a Fragile Zone: A Panel Study of the Firms in J&K, India
Authors: Khan Javaid Iqbal , Majeed Mehak , Mushtaq Saeed Owais
Published: October 2021

The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the community development in the developing world. In the fragile and backward regions, it is the micro enterprise that is considered to be the engine of growth and development. Being labour-intensive and requiring lesser capital input, the micro unit start-ups demand lesser investment in plant and machinery, attracting more and more potential entrepreneurs. Over the time, such units gain experience and knowledge becoming more efficient. This article studies the firms located in the fragile and geographically remote region of Jammu and Kashmir. The article uses a panel of 15 years from 2002 to 2016 based on the Annual Survey of Industries data. Using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis, the article studies the MSMEs and the micro units. From the post-estimation, technical efficiency scores are attained for both MSMEs and the micro units. The results reveal that the micro units are more efficient than the MSMEs in general. Tobit regression is used to estimate the technical inefficiency model to determine the factors that contribute to the inefficiency present in the micro units. The results show that there is a negative relationship between the efficiency of the micro unit firms and the asset-liability ratio and the loan-liability ratio, while there is a positive relationship between the private ownership of the firm and the efficiency level. Age of the firm is considered separately to validate the ‘learning theory’ by Jovanovic. The article concludes by suggesting that the government must provide adequate boost and a big-push to the micro units in order to eradicate the widespread unemployment and fragility in the region.

JEL Classification: F61, L25
Patients’ and Families’ Experiences Regarding Disclosure of Patient Safety Incidents
Authors: Kim Yujeong , Lee Eunmi
Published: October 2021

In South Korea, disclosure of patients’ safety incidents is not common in health care settings. Thus, this study identified patients’ and families’ experiences regarding disclosure of patient safety incidents. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from May 25, 2020, to June 23, 2020, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The participants consisted of 15 patients and their families who had experienced patient safety incidents in hospitals. It is essential to form a base of mutual understanding to enable disclosure and promote follow-up management systems that can ethically and responsibly handle patient safety incidents. Concrete protocols and policies need to be developed to protect patients and their families from physical/psychological injury and the stress experienced due to patient safety incidents. The patients and their families desired changes to improve protocols for proper disclosure, help health care professionals adopt an ethical and mature attitude, and develop professional health care policies regarding patients’ safety incidents.
Using Videoconferencing Focus Groups in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research With Chinese Im/Migrants in Australia
Authors: Wong Horas T. H. , Jin Defeng , Wang Pan , Sun Yingli , Mao Limin , Zhang Ye , Ogilvie Erin , Vujcich Daniel , Newman Christy , O’Connor Catherine C. , Vaughan Cathy , Carter Allison
Published: October 2021

Videoconferencing focus groups have emerged as a popular method for collecting qualitative data. However, its use in sexual and reproductive health research is still very much in its infancy. Based on participants’ feedback and researchers’ reflections on using videoconferencing focus groups to collect sexual and reproductive health data with 39 heterosexual and non-heterosexual Chinese im/migrants in Australia, we discuss some of the key lessons learned, and considerations involved in shifting from face-to-face to online focus groups. Overall, videoconferencing focus groups appeared to be a highly feasible and acceptable way to discuss “sensitive” topics with Chinese im/migrants. Importantly, researchers need to be both creative and reflexive during the research process and must not forget that the success of a study lies not only in troubleshooting technical issues but also in cultivating and maintaining a trusting relationship with research participants.
Perceptions of School Nurses in Addressing Student Mental Health Concerns: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kaskoun Jeannine , McCabe Ellen
Published: October 2021

Mental health disorders in school-aged children are on the rise. The need for mental health care is well recognized, and the provision of this care in schools is recommended. An integrative review explored how school nurses view their role in addressing students’ mental health. Fourteen articles were identified, eleven using a qualitative design and three using a quantitative design. Findings suggest that school nurses see their role as trusted members of the school community. They perceive upholding standards of practice as an integral part of their position and recognize competence in mental health care to be highly important. Practice recommendations include providing school nurses with evidence-based training on managing the mental health needs of students, as well as ensuring access to school nurses who can provide mental health supervision in the community.
Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to Improve Children's Self-Care: An Integrative Review
Authors: Isik Elif , Fredland Nina M.
Published: October 2021

Often school-age children are thought of as dependent on their parents and not necessarily involved in behaviors related to their own self-care. It is important to implement and advance self-care performance early in life to promote healthy lifestyles. This review examined the use of Orem's Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory in relation to children's self-care behaviors. This integrative review followed the Whittemore and Knafl guidelines. A systematic search was conducted using the nursing databases. The sixteen study articles were identified for the review, and five themes were identified. Children can develop skills and actively participate in maintaining health and wellbeing. Self-care programs based on Orem's theory are well suited to assist individuals including children to improve self-care skills that lead better self-care practices. Nurses guided by Orem's SCDNT will be well equipped to promote children's knowledge and self-care skills for maintaining health and preventing negative health outcomes.
Academic Majors and HEXACO Personality
Authors: Lee Kibeom , Ashton Michael C. , Novitsky Christine
Published: October 2021

Self-reports on the HEXACO-PI-R scales were examined in relation to academic majors in post-secondary education ( N > 73,000). Openness to Experience showed the largest mean differences across academic major areas, with the Visual/Performing Arts and Humanities areas averaging higher and Health Sciences and Business/Commerce averaging lower. Emotionality showed the second largest differences, with the Engineering and Physical Sciences/Math areas averaging lower and Visual/Performing Arts averaging higher; these differences in Emotionality became smaller in within-sex analyses. In addition, Extraversion tended to be higher for Business/Commerce and lower for Physical Sciences/Math, while Honesty-Humility was lower for Business/Commerce. The facet-level analyses provided additional detail, as facet scales in the same domain sometimes showed considerably different means within a given academic major area. In one case, Visual/Performing Art majors averaged lower in Prudence, but higher in Perfectionism, even though both facets belong to the Conscientiousness domain.
Motion planning of a fish-like piezoelectric actuated robot using model-based predictive control
Authors: Barbosa Arthur S , Tahara Lucas Z , da Silva Maíra M
Published: October 2021

This work proposes a novel methodology for planning the motion of fish-like soft robots actuated by macro-fiber composite (MFC) pairs. These structures should mimic oscillatory and undulation movements, which can be accomplished if the amplitude of the tail motion is larger than that of the head motion. Design strategies, such as the use of concentrated and distributed masses, are addressed to mimic fish-like motion since they guarantee suitable mode shapes for the structure. The motion planning proposal explores a model-based predictive control (MPC) strategy for deriving the input signals for the MFC actuators. This model-based control strategy requires the use of reasonably small-sized models. This is accomplished by extracting modal state-space models based on the free–free Euler–Bernoulli beam theory considering the electro-mechanical coupling of the MFC actuator pairs. Numerical results demonstrate the capability of the proposal for deriving bounded input signals that generate oscillatory and undulation movements even in the presence of disturbances. This general approach can be further extended for other applications.
How Landlords of Small Rental Properties Decide Who Gets Housed and Who Gets Evicted
Authors: Decker Nathaniel
Published: October 2021

Scholars and policymakers have long been interested in whether large-scale owners of rental properties have different management practices than smaller-scale owners and whether these differences matter for the housing stability of tenants. This is of particular concern among the 1- to 4-unit small rental properties that comprise half the nation’s rental housing stock. I conducted a nationwide survey supplemented with interviews to understand how owners (i) select their tenants and (ii) react to rent delinquencies. I find that larger-scale owners’ highly routinized property management systems make them much more likely to start the eviction process after a delinquency. However the tenant selection processes of professional owners also appear to result in a tenantry that has a somewhat higher delinquency rate, while the selection process for non-professional landlords raises fair housing concerns. I discuss how the link between the tenant selection and rent delinquency practices of landlords has a number of policy implications.
Moderation Effects of Substance Use on Physical and Mental Well-Being in Adults
Authors: Mumba Mercy Ngosa , Nancarrow Alexandra F. , Jaiswal Jessica L. , Hocchaus Erika , Campbell Madelyn H. , Davis Lori. L.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:

Each year about one in five adults experiences mental illness. Although the independent physical and mental health consequences of alcohol misuse and cigarette smoking are well documented, little is known on how substance use moderates the relationship between physical and mental well-being.

AIM:

The purpose of this study was to examine whether substance use moderates the relationship between physical activity and mental health in adults.

METHODS:

This was a secondary analysis of data provided by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

RESULTS:

Participants ( N = 450,016) were adults who completed the BRFSS in 2017. Those who did not drink alcohol had fewer mental health problems when they indicated greater amounts of time spent doing physical activities each week. Last, smokers’ number of mental health problems decreased as they engaged in more physical activity, whereas nonsmokers’ number of mental health problems increased as they engaged in more physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS:

The relationship between physical activity and mental health outcomes is well established and cannot be overemphasized. Nonetheless, substance abuse can moderate this relationship and should be routinely screened for by health care providers regardless of treatment setting.
Obstetric Provider Perspectives on Postpartum Patient Navigation for Low-Income Patients
Authors: Ruderman Rachel S. , Dahl Emma C. , Williams Brittney R. , Feinglass Joe M. , Kominiarek Michelle A. , Grobman William A. , Yee Lynn M.
Published: October 2021

Background

Patient navigation programs have shown promise for improving health but are not widely used in obstetric care. Our objective was to understand obstetric provider perspectives on how to implement patient navigation to optimize care during the postpartum period for low-income patients.

Method

Focus groups were conducted with obstetric physicians, nurses, and social workers who care for low-income pregnant and postpartum patients in an academic medical center. Semistructured interview guides were developed to elicit conversations about the potential value of patient navigators, recommendations for navigator training, and how navigators could be most effective in improving postpartum care. Analysis of themes was based on the constant comparative method.

Results

Twenty-six obstetric providers (six focus groups) discussed elements for a successful obstetric navigation program. Successful implementation themes included selecting navigators with appropriate interpersonal attributes, arranging navigator training, and identifying the most valuable services navigators could render. Desirable navigator attributes included persistence in patient advocacy, consistency, relatability, and a supportive manner. Training recommendations included learning the health care system, identifying where to obtain health system and community resources, and learning how be effective health educators. Suggested services were broad, ranging from traditional care coordination to specific educational and resource-driven tasks.

Conclusions

Obstetric providers perceive patient navigation to be a potentially beneficial resource to support low-income patients and offered recommendations for navigation implementation. These included suggestions for patient-centered navigators, with specific training and services focused on promoting care continuity and coordination.
Examining Teaming and Tier 2 and 3 Practices Within a PBIS Framework
Authors: Nese Rhonda N. T. , Kittelman Angus , Strickland-Cohen M. Kathleen , McIntosh Kent
Published: October 2021

One core feature of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Support (PBIS) is a systems-level teaming process for coordinating staff implementation of evidence-based practices and monitoring student progress across all three tiers. Prior research has shown schools that report regular teaming and team-based data use are more likely to successfully adopt and sustain implementation of multi-tiered systems of behavior support. However, more research is currently needed to better understand the various teaming configurations, structures, and practices commonly used by PBIS teams in typical schools, particularly at advanced tiers. For the current study, members of school and district PBIS teams representing 718 U.S. schools were surveyed to better understand (a) teaming configurations and practices currently being used in schools implementing PBIS and (b) common interventions that PBIS teams report implementing at Tiers 2 and 3. Survey findings are discussed, along with implications of those results for future research and practice in applied settings.
Police Criminality: Nature and Extent of Crimes Committed by Female Police Officers
Authors: Boateng Francis D. , Hsieh Ming-Li , Pryce Daniel K.
Published: October 2021

Given the recent attention focusing on “bad apples” in police departments across the country, police behaviors have been the subject of considerable controversy and protest. Still, research indicates that rates of officially reported police crime are relatively low. In addition, crimes committed by female officers are largely understudied in this male-dominated workplace. Therefore, the current study explores the attributes associated with police crime committed by female officers using national arrest data. Results obtained from a multilevel model demonstrate the influences of individual- and agency-level variables in explaining female officers’ criminality. Findings reveal that while on-duty female officers are more likely to commit economically motivated and drug-related crimes, off-duty officers are more likely to engage in violent and alcohol-related crimes. Moreover, contextual factors such as types of agency and numbers of sworn officers predicted female officers’ criminality. Current findings highlight the importance of policies that would directly address female criminality in law enforcement.