bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erratum: JOÃO F. SANTOS-NETO, SAYMON M. PAIXÃO & MARCUS V. DOMINGUES (2024) Two new species of Monopisthocotyla (Dactylogyridea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing the nasal cavities of Bryconops melanurus (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from coastal drainages of the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Zootaxa, 5410 (2): 222–238.
Authors: SANTOSNETO JOÃO F. , PAIXÃO SAYMON M. , DOMINGUES MARCUS V.
Published: April 2024

N/A
A Linear Theory for Periodic Convectively Forced Gravity Waves near a Coastline
Authors: Du Yu , Rotunno Richard , Chen Zijian , Yang Hongpei
Published: April 2024

This study presents a simple 2D linear analytical model aimed at investigating gravity waves forced by temporally periodic convection near a coastline. This investigation encompasses two distinct convective heating scenarios: deep convective heating and stratiform heating/cooling. Our model explores the intricate behavior of gravity waves in proximity to a time-dependent convective source and examines their propagation characteristics across diverse atmospheric conditions. Close to the convective source, gravity waves demonstrate nearly horizontal propagation with vertically aligned phase lines. The velocity of their propagation primarily depends on the vertical scale of the convective heating. The presence of a tropopause further extends their horizontal reach through partial wave ducting between the surface and the tropopause. However, the horizontal scale of the convective heating also plays a crucial role in determining the horizontal wavelength and, consequently, affecting the horizontal propagation speed of the gravity waves. If the heating horizontal scale is small compared to the horizontal scale of free waves at the forcing frequency, the heating vertical scale determines the vertical wavelength and thus the horizontal wavelength. However, if the heating horizontal scale is large, the horizontal wavelength determined by the heating vertical scale has little energy, so that the horizontal wavelength is mainly determined by the heating horizontal scale. Moreover, longer periods of convective heating and stronger background winds contribute to an increased downstream propagation distance of the gravity waves away from the source. Additionally, inertia–gravity waves generated by diurnal convection can propagate horizontally over greater distances at a higher latitude but become confined or trapped at latitudes exceeding 30°.
Large Penetrating Wounds to the Chest Managed With Immediate Chest Wall Reconstruction Using Biologic Mesh, Titanium Plates, and Rotational Tissue Flaps
Authors: Shillinglaw John P. , Nonnemacher Cory J. , Christie Dudley B.
Published: April 2024

Large open chest wall wounds can be difficult to manage due to full-thickness tissue loss with underlying rib fractures and exposed lung parenchyma. Historically, the use of synthetic material has been discouraged in the traumatic setting with the concern that it may be associated with an increased risk of infection. We present 4 patients with large open injuries to the thorax—one from blunt and three from penetrating trauma. We describe our initial management followed by prompt surgical repair using biologic mesh, titanium rib spanning plates, and rotational tissue flaps with Z-plasty of the skin for definite closure. All patients did well post-operatively without complications or wound infections. With the appropriate management, we suspect there may be an advantage in performing immediate reconstruction and closure in large open thoracic injuries utilizing biologic mesh and titanium rib spanning plates with a lower risk of infection than previously believed.
Microstructural, Micromechanical Atlas of the Temporomandibular Joint Disc
Authors: Jiang N. , Tan P. , Sun Y. , Zhou J. , Ren R. , Li Z. , Zhu S.
Published: April 2024

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is mainly composed of collagen, with its arrangement responding to efficient stress distribution. However, microstructural and micromechanical transformations of the TMJ disc under resting, functional, and pathological conditions remain unclear. To address this, our study presents a high-resolution microstructural and mechanical atlas of the porcine TMJ disc. First, the naive microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in porcine TMJ discs (resting and functional conditions). Subsequently, the perforation and tear models (pathological conditions) were compared. Following this, a rabbit model of anterior disc displacement (abnormal stress) was studied. Results show diverse microstructures and mechanical properties at the nanometer to micrometer scale. In the functional state, gradual unfolding of the crimping cycle in secondary and tertiary structures leads to D-cycle prolongation in the primary structure, causing tissue failure. Pathological conditions lead to stress concentration near the injury site due to collagen interfibrillar traffic patterns, resulting in earlier damage manifestation. Additionally, the abnormal stress model shows collagen damage initiating at the primary structure and extending to the superstructure over time. These findings highlight collagen’s various roles in different pathophysiological states. Our study offers valuable insights into TMJ disc function and dysfunction, aiding the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for TMJ disorders, as well as providing guidance for the design of structural biomimetic materials.
The role of Qatar's first forensic community team in reducing recidivism and re-admission of mentally unwell offenders
Authors: Reagu Shuja , Siddiqui Maryam Hussain , Abdalla Majid , Chandra Prem , Nikhat Khaja Begum
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Qatar established its Community Forensic Mental Health Team (CFMHT) in 2019 as part of the region's first comprehensive forensic psychiatry service. We present here the data on clinical and offending outcomes since its establishment and compare this with data from before the service was established. Objectives: To compare clinical and offending outcomes in mental health patients with criminal offending histories in Qatar before and after the establishment of CFMHT. Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing the socio-demographical characteristics, clinical outcome and recidivism measures of forensic patients, under the CFMHT for the last 2 years with data from a similar period before the services were in place. Results: Data for 85 patients under the active care of forensic community team were matched with a comparable group before the establishment of the services. The re-admission and reoffending rates after the establishment of the service over 2-year follow-up were 17.6% and 12.9%, respectively, compared with 40% and 32% before the service. Conclusions: Since its inception, the CFMHT has made a significant positive impact on quality of life, mental well-being and safety of patients under its care. Close working relationships with the criminal justice system, families and carers have helped fight stigma and promote safer communities.
Search for the Soul of Black Preaching
Authors: Latimore David G.
Published: April 2024

This article examines Black preaching as a vital force in African American communities, offering a powerful testament to resilience, spiritual enlightenment, and social transformation. Black preaching emerges as a beacon of hope and resistance amidst oppressive conditions, weaving together theological insight, cultural richness, and communal resilience. Through a rich historical lens, the article explores the performative and substantive dimensions of Black preaching, highlighting its capacity to navigate complex theological and social realities. While acknowledging moments of complicity and challenge within Black preaching, this article emphasizes its enduring legacy as a catalyst for liberation and justice. Ultimately, Black preaching emerges as a dynamic expression of faith, embodying the enduring struggle for dignity, justice, and freedom within the African American experience.
A Science and Technology Studies Challenge to Trustworthiness Criteria: Toward a More Naturalistic Approach
Authors: Sharifzadeh Rahman
Published: April 2024

Lincoln and Guba provided some principles and four evaluative criteria called “trustworthiness” to guide social science research naturalistically. However, drawing on Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature, a field engaged with methods and practices of science for several decades, one can argue that this approach is not still fully naturalistic. In this paper, we review Lincoln and Guba’s four criteria of trustworthiness from an STS perspective. We argue that the STS literature can challenge these criteria, but at the same time they have the potential to be reconstructed with the help of the materials STS provides.
Peer social support moderates the impact of ethnoracial discrimination on mental health among young sexual minority men of color
Authors: Robles Gabriel , Lee Yong Gun , Hillesheim Joseph , Brusche Daniel , Lopez-Matos Jonathan , Cain Demetria , Starks Tyrel J.
Published: April 2024

Few studies have examined developmentally relevant sources of resilience, such as peer social support, among young sexual minority men (SMM) of color experiencing discrimination and mental health distress. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the role of peer social support in the association between discrimination and mental health distress in a sample of young SMM of color. Ninety-four cisgender young SMM of color (aged 16–29) were recruited through community-based organizations in the New York City metropolitan area as part of an effectiveness trial of a tailored Motivational Interviewing intervention. Participants completed a baseline survey that included measures of school/workplace ethnoracial discrimination, sexual orientation discrimination, peer social support, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results of multivariable models indicated some evidence of the stress-buffering effects of peer social support. School/workplace ethnoracial discrimination was negatively associated with symptoms of anxiety ( B = −0.12, SE = 0.03, p < .001) and depression ( B = 0.44, SE = 0.15, p = .005) among young SMM of color with lower levels of peer social support. Peer social support did not moderate the association between sexual orientation discrimination and either depression or anxiety. Findings provide some evidence of the protective role of peer social support. We discuss the implications of the results for practice with young SMM of color with mental health distress.
An immunocompetent host with blood-disseminated Aspergillus versicolor spondylitis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dong Shuangxia , Lin Qianding , Dai Xinjian , Lin Zhou
Published: April 2024

Blood-disseminated Aspergillus spondylitis in immunocompetent individuals is rare. The clinical, imaging, and pathological manifestations of this condition are not specific. Therefore, this disease is prone to misdiagnosis and a missed diagnosis. Systemic antifungal therapy is the main treatment for Aspergillus spondylitis. We report a case of blood-disseminated Aspergillus versicolor spondylitis in a patient with normal immune function. The first antifungal treatment lasted for 4 months, but Aspergillus spondylitis recurred a few months later. A second antifungal treatment course was initiated for at least 1 year, and follow-up has been ongoing. Currently, there has been no recurrence.
Interlaminar performance of three nanomaterials film enhanced glass fiber reinforced polymer
Authors: Li Guanlong , Li Hua , Wang Gong-dong , Han Chenglin
Published: April 2024

The carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene oxide are widely applied in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) to enhance interlaminar performance, even though they have an extremely expensive price. Herein, we provide a novel interlaminar toughening material: carbon black, which has a cheap price and good interlaminar properties. The relationship between different amounts of three nanomaterials and toughening efficiency is obtained through experiments (end notch bending (ENF) test) and the curves between different amounts and prices are revealed by the investigation. Moreover, a mathematical model of interlaminar performance, material consumption, and price is established, which can provide researchers with accurate, efficient, and inexpensive predictions in different application environments. On the other hand, a simple and efficient spraying method for making reinforcement layers is adopted in this research and we analyzed the microstructure strengthening mechanism of three nanomaterials by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Ascorbic acid attenuates gasoline-induced testicular toxicity, sperm quality deterioration, and testosterone imbalance in rats
Authors: Ezim Ogechukwu E , Nyeche Joy , Nebeolisa Chisom E , Belonwu Chuka D , Abarikwu Sunny O
Published: April 2024

The present study evaluated the protective effect of ascorbic acid (ASCB) against gasoline fumes (PET) induced testicular oxidative stress, sperm toxicity, and testosterone imbalance in Wistar rats. Twenty-four (24) male albino rats (75 ± 16 g) were randomized into three experimental groups ( N = 8). The control group: received normal saline, PET group: exposed to PET 6 h daily by inhalation in an exposure chamber and PET + 200 mg ASCB/kg body weight group: exposed to PET 6 h daily by inhalation and administered ASCB per os. Treatment of ASCB and PET exposure was done thrice and five times weekly for a period of 10 weeks respectively. ASCB co-treatment prevented PET-induced increases in the oxidative stress markers (glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, hydrogen peroxide generation, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation) and serum testosterone concentration ( p < .05). Sperm quality was low and those with damaged heads and tails increased alongside histological injuries in the PET-exposed rats, which were also minimized with ASCB administration. ASCB protected against PET-induced oxidative stress, sperm, and testis damage in rats.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Economic Growth From the Perspective of Population External System
Authors: Wang Xueyi , He Taiyi , Wang Shengzhe , Zhao Haoxiang
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence has sophisticated social and economic effects that cannot be ignored. Based on a thorough review of the development of artificial intelligence, this paper systematically explores the mechanism of the impact of artificial intelligence on economic growth through technology, value and application three paths, which is starting from the perspective of the population external system. In order to verify the rationality of the paths, the effect of artificial intelligence on economic growth from the perspective of population external system is rigorously estimated using artificial intelligence and macroeconomic data for China from 2011 to 2019. The findings are as follows. Firstly, there is a significant positive effect of artificial intelligence on the economic growth from the perspective of the population external system. This positive effect is sufficiently robust over the sample-wide period. Secondly, there is significant regional heterogeneity in the effect of artificial intelligence on economic growth from the perspective of the population external system. The low levels of artificial intelligence development impeded the economic growth, the middle levels of artificial intelligence development contributed significantly to the economic growth, and the high levels of artificial intelligence development did not show a significant contribution to the economic growth. In view of this, future policies should be designed in terms of revitalizing the value of the artificial intelligence stock, exploring the value potential of artificial intelligence and regulating it in a hierarchical manner.
Transition between peritoneal dialysis modalities: Impact on blood pressure levels and drug prescription in a national multicentric cohort
Authors: Dariva Marcus , Guedes Murilo , Rigodon Vladimir , Kotanko Peter , Larkin John W , Ferlin Bruno , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Barretti Pasqual , de Moraes Thyago Proença
Published: April 2024

Background:

Hypertension is a leading cause of kidney failure, affects most dialysis patients and associates with adverse outcomes. Hypertension can be difficult to control with dialysis modalities having differential effects on sodium and water removal. There are two main types of peritoneal dialysis (PD), automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). It is unknown whether one is superior to the other in controlling blood pressure (BP). Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse the impact of switching between these two PD modalities on BP levels in a nationally representative cohort.

Methods:

This was a cohort study of patients on PD from 122 dialysis centres in Brazil (BRAZPD II study). Clinical and laboratory data were collected monthly throughout the study duration. We selected all patients who remained on PD at least 6 months and 3 months on each modality at minimum. We compared the changes in mean systolic/diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) before and after modality transition using a multilevel mixed-model where patients were at first level and their clinics at the second level.

Results:

We analysed data of 848 patients (814 starting on CAPD and 34 starting on APD). The SBP decreased by 4 (SD 22) mmHg when transitioning from CAPD to APD ( p < 0.001) and increased by 4 (SD 21) mmHg when transitioning from APD to CAPD ( p = 0.38); consistent findings were seen for DBP. There was no significant change in the number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed before and after transition.

Conclusions:

Transition between PD modalities seems to directly impact on BP levels. Further studies are needed to confirm if switching to APD could be an effective treatment for uncontrolled hypertension among CAPD patients.
Premix versus On-Demand Workflow Models in a Veterans Affairs Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy: Impact on Estimated Waste Costs and Patient Wait Time
Authors: Pan Samantha , Gritte Anndee , Malamakal John , Horowitz Amy , Harris Alexa , Vig Sierra J.
Published: April 2024

Background: The balance between reducing patient wait time and mitigating waste of parenteral products has not been well described in literature. Objective: Evaluate the patient wait times and cost-effectiveness of employing a premix versus an on-demand workflow model for compounding parenteral admixtures in a hematology/oncology infusion setting. Methods: This single center, retrospective cost analysis compiled manually documented monthly waste reports and estimated drug pricing for the institution to calculate the cost of waste during both premix and on-demand compounding workflows. Time to administration was audited for one week with both models. Results: Over a period of 28.5 months following the premix model, 564 products were documented as wasted ($1,196,014.01 in estimated drug purchasing cost). Over a period of 3 months following the on-demand model, 12 products were wasted ($34,823.98 in estimated drug purchasing cost). Switching models reduced the monthly average number of wasted products from 20 to 4 per month; the average cost of waste was reduced from $41,965.40 to $11,607.99 per month ( P < .0001). Overall patient wait time from clearance until administration, excluding any recommended wait times after premedication administration (if applicable), was similar in both models: an average of 38.26 minutes in the premix model and 40.97 minutes in the on-demand model. Conclusion: Premixing parenteral admixtures was not cost effective at our institution. After resuming an on-demand compounding model, the monthly cost of waste (based on drug pricing alone) was reduced by over 70%. The wait time from clearance to treatment administration was similar in both models.
Multilevel-thermoplastic waste segregation using Archimedes Henry gas solubility trained deep quantum network
Authors: Rajendiran Selvarani Vignesh , Monica Subashini Mohan
Published: April 2024

The management of plastic waste is complex process worldwide. The manual process to sort garbage is termed to be complex and expensive task and hence the scientists studied automatic sorting technique which can elevate the efficacy of recycling task. Moreover, the waste segregation models are adapted to several groups of materials to sort the waste. The usage of deep models is considered to be effective in classifying the thermoplastic waste segregation. The images are attained and delivered to pre-processing with median filter followed by segmentation. PSI-Net considering Archimedes Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (AHGSO) is adapted to segment pre-processed images. Thereafter, texture features along with statistical features are obtained for undergoing first level classification. The first level categorization is executed using Deep Quantum Neural Network (DQNN) wherein the model is trained using AHGSO and it classifies into three classes, namely “no plastic,”“Resin,” and “plastic.” In addition, the second level classification is done in case of plastic or resin using Deep Maxout Network (DMN)-AHGSO wherein DMN undergoes training by means of AHGSO. The DMN-AHGSO gained premium accuracy of 92.9%, F-measure of 92.6%, and precision of 92.9%.
Intensification of thermal characteristics of flat plate solar water heater using triangular perforated wavy tape
Authors: Kumar Abnish , Singh Krishna Deo Prasad , Agrawal Rahul
Published: April 2024

The efficiency of the flat Plate Solar water heater has improved experimentally using passive methods. Experiments have shown that the addition of wavy tape (WT), 6 mm perforated wavy tape (PWT), and 9 mm perforated wavy tape (PWT) to a forced circulation solar water heater improves rate of heat transfer (Nu), friction factor (f), and effectiveness. Wavy tape inside the pipes induces secondary swirl flow, which improves mixing and increases heat transfer coefficients. The heat transfer rate (Nu) is increased by the incorporation of wavy tape; FPC with 6 PWT was higher than FPC without WT, FPC with plain WT, and FPC with 9 PWT by 20.83%, 14.85% and 6.25%, respectively. The maximum temperature difference of FPC with 6 PWT was higher than FPC without WT, FPC with plain WT, and FPC with 9 PWT by 61.9%, 22.9%, and 12.62% respectively. The maximum efficiencies value observed was 37.55%, 49.46%, 54.013%, and 51.03% for FPC without WT, FPC with plain WT, FPC with 6 PWT, and FPC with 9 PWT, respectively.
Modulation of Stem Cell Factor by Forskolin Inhibits the Progression of Tubule Interstitial Fibrosis
Authors: Vadnal Prashant , Babu D. Ravi Krishna , Manikantha K.G.V , Chitalkar Kishor , Reddy Ch. Sandeep , Mohan Mahalaxmi
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Forskolin is primarily found in the roots of the Coleus forskohlii plant, historically employed in Southeast Asian and Indian Ayurvedic medicine. Mast cells play a crucial role in fibrosis progression, yet their activation and inhibition in animal models are understudied; thus, we explored forskolin’s impact on kidney fibrosis.

Materials and Methods

Forskolin was evaluated in a mouse model for stem cell factor-induced histamine release, and plasma histamine levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kidney fibrosis was developed by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal function was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The gene expression of collagen, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and mast cell protease-5 (MCPT-5) in the kidney was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathological changes in the renal tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichome stain.

Results

Our results showed that 3 mg/kg forskolin inhibited SCF-induced plasma histamine release in a mouse model. In the 7-day UUO model, forskolin significantly showed inhibition of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen compared with the disease group. Forskolin significantly inhibited elevated expression of collagen, TGF-β, α-SMA, IL-1β, and MCPT-5 in the kidneys. Histopathological observation of H&E and Masson trichome-stained kidney forskolin demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory cells, pelvic and tubular dilation, and fibrosis.

Conclusion

Forskolin showed an anti-fibrotic effect in UUO-induced renal fibrotic mice. Most significantly, forskolin administration showed a decrease in the expression of the mast cell protease MCPT5 in the kidneys. These results imply that forskolin, through modifying SCF activity, may be a viable potential treatment for the attenuation of tubule-interstitial fibrosis.
Recycle waste PET yarn on site by feeding waste yarn as grinded powder to improve product quality, increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact
Authors: Gan Shenghua , Xiao Shunli , Liu Tong , Wang Chen , Li Shengjun , Sun Yanlin , Tang Yuechao
Published: April 2024

A technical approach was proposed to recycle waste PET yarn on site with the aim of building green manufacturing plant with no waste accumulation. In the recycling process, the waste PET yarn with almost infinite aspect ratio was first treated with custom-designed grinder prior to recycling, which breaks the yarn into small pieces and produce powder-like final product (waste yarn/fiber powder, WYP/WFP). Then it could be mixed with PTA and EG to form slurry and fed into manufacturing unit using well-established method rather than be fed as melt by screw-extruder that is known for its high energy intensity. Furthermore, the wetting of WYP by EG during slurry formation facilitates the de-oxygenation process and is beneficial to improve the quality of product, which produces higher quality products with lower cost compared to conventional methods. PET containing 20 wt.% WYP addition using the proposed technical approach could give best balance between performance and profit margin. The properties of the produced PET products (20% WYP addition) were found similar to that of virgin counterparts and meet the specs for various commercial application. With the help of energy benign treatment and feeding processes, the energy intensity and CO2 emission of this method compared to conventional method were reduced by 78.96% and 62.02%, respectively. The method proposed a novel energy efficient and cost-effective approach to reliably recycle waste PET to high quality PET products on site. It partially solves the problems that the industry currently encountered, such as high recycle cost, relatively low product quality, high energy intensity and low economic benefit. It moves one step forward to the greening of the manufacturing process and may help on the sustainable development of the PET industry.
Writing Qualitative Research Proposals Using the Pathway Project Mapping Tool
Authors: Crooks Natasha , Abboud Sarah , Jeremiah Rohan , Matthews Alicia K.
Published: April 2024

This article describes using the Qualitative Pathway Project Mapping Tool (QL-PPMT) to guide the development of rigorous qualitative research proposals. The original PPMT was initially developed to assist nursing students in planning their quantitative research proposals and has been widely used by faculty to advise student research projects. In this paper, we have adapted the 26 sections of the PPMT to provide a comprehensive checklist and road map for qualitative proposal planning. Further, we describe each section of the QL-PPMT in detail with examples and suggest additional resources to guide the development of evidence-based qualitative research proposals for new investigators, students, and trainees.
Experimental method for estimating the effect of solar radiation on the inner surface heat flux of opaque building envelope elements
Authors: Uriarte Irati , Erkoreka Aitor , Jimenez Maria Jose , Martin-Escudero Koldo , Bloem Hans
Published: April 2024

There still exists a considerable difference when comparing the real and the design energy consumption of buildings. The difference between the design and the real building envelope energy performance is one of its main reasons. The building envelope can be characterised through the individual characterisation of its different building envelope components such as opaque walls or windows. Therefore, the estimation of parameters such as their transmission heat transfer coefficient (UA) and their solar aperture (gA) is usually implemented. Although building components have been analysed over the years, the thermal characteristics of buildings have mainly been estimated through steady-state laboratory tests and simplified calculation/simulation procedures based on theoretical data. The use of inverse modelling based on registered dynamic data has also been used; however, unfortunately, the models used tend to significantly simplify or neglect the solar radiation effect on the inner surface heat flux of opaque building envelope elements. Therefore, this work presents an experimental, dynamic and inverse modelling method that accurately models non-linear phenomena through the use of a user-friendly simulation programme (LORD). The method is able to analyse in detail the effect of the solar radiation on the inner surface heat flux of opaque building envelope elements, without the necessity of knowing their constructive details or thermal properties. The experiment is performed in a fully monitored test box, where different models are tested with different opaque walls to find the best fit. Finally, the solar irradiance signal is removed from the best models so as to accurately quantify the weight of the solar radiation on the inner surface heat flux of each wall for two extreme periods, one for sunny summer days and other for cloudy winter days.
The Interconnections of Music Structure, Harmony, Melody, Rhythm, and Predictivity
Authors: Dai Shuqi , Zhang Huan , Dannenberg Roger B.
Published: April 2024

Repetition and structure have a significant place in music theory, but the structure hierarchy and its influences are often ignored in both music analysis and music generation. In this article, we first describe novel algorithms based on repetition to extract music structure hierarchy from a MIDI data set of popular music and show its effectiveness through evaluation. Then, we introduce new data-driven approaches to estimate and validate structural influences in music. Results show that the automatically detected hierarchical repetition structures reveal significant interactions between structure and harmony, melody, rhythm, and predictivity. Different levels of hierarchy interact differently, providing evidence that structural hierarchy plays an important role in our popular music data set beyond simple notions of repetition or similarity. We further study how musical structure has evolved over decades of popular music writing. Finally, we discuss the importance of this work in highlighting roles that structure can play in music analysis, music similarity, music generation, music evaluation, and other music information retrieval tasks.
Study of Immature Platelet Fraction, Mean Platelet Volume and Interleukin-6 in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Behl Tejus , Kumar Vijay , Singh Shashikant , Sahoo Ratnakar , Sharma Neera , Singh Neha
Published: April 2024

Background

In the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), platelets play a key role. The immature platelet fraction (IPF) is thought to be a possible indicator of activation of platelets and turnover processes. Younger platelets have a higher thrombotic potential and combine with collagen faster, which might compromise their ability to maintain hemostasis and lead to the development of thrombus. MPV measurements show platelet activation. IL-6 plasma levels seem to indicate the degree of latent plaque inflammation and, thus, may indicate susceptibility to plaque rupture.

Aims and Objectives

To estimate the levels of IPF, MPV and IL-6 in ACS and to find out the association and correlation of IPF, MPV and IL-6 with ACS.

Material and Method

Seventy patients of ACS fitting the Universal criteria of Myocardial infarction as cases and 70 healthy controls were included in the study. MPV, IPF, and IL6 were analyzed in all the cases and controls using various statistical tools.

Result

MPV (fl) was the best predictor among all parameters at a cutoff point of >4.2, with an AUC of 0.855 for correctly predicting STEMI. IPF came out to be a reasonably good marker for predicting STEMI, with a mean of 8.71 ± 5.39. IL-6 in NSTEMI was significantly higher than in controls ( P = .004) and was comparable with UA ( P = .09).

Conclusion

The current study’s findings seem to confirm that elevated MPV and IPF are important ancillary indicators in the assessment of ACS.
Variation in mesenchymal KITL/SCF and IGF1 expression in middle age underlies steady-state hematopoietic stem cell aging
Authors: Young Kira A. , Telpoukhovskaia Maria A. , Hofmann Johanna , Mistry Jayna J. , Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Trowbridge Jennifer J.
Published: April 2024

Intrinsic molecular programs and extrinsic factors including proinflammatory molecules are understood to regulate hematopoietic aging. This is based on foundational studies using genetic perturbation to evaluate causality. However, individual organisms exhibit natural variation in the hematopoietic aging phenotypes and the molecular basis of this heterogeneity is poorly understood. Here, we generated individual single-cell transcriptomic profiles of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell types in 5 young adult and 9 middle-aged C57BL/6J female mice, providing a web-accessible transcriptomic resource for the field. Among all assessed cell types, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibited the greatest phenotypic variation in expansion among individual middle-aged mice. We computationally pooled samples to define modules representing the molecular signatures of middle-aged HSCs and interrogated, which extrinsic regulatory cell types and factors would predict the variance in these signatures between individual middle-aged mice. Decline in signaling mediated by adiponectin, kit ligand (KITL) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was predicted to have the greatest transcriptional impact on middle-aged HSCs, as opposed to signaling mediated by endothelial cells or mature hematopoietic cell types. In individual middle-aged mice, lower expression of Kitl and Igf1 in MSCs was highly correlated with reduced lymphoid lineage commitment of HSCs and increased signatures of differentiation-inactive HSCs. These signatures were independent of expression of aging-associated proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α and RANTES. In sum, we find that Kitl and Igf1 expression are coregulated and variable between individual mice at the middle age and expression of these factors is predictive of HSC activation and lymphoid commitment independently of inflammation.
Mimickers of anterior uveitis, scleritis and misdiagnoses- tips and tricks for the cornea specialist
Authors: Caplash Sonny , Paez-Escamilla Manuel , Westcott Mark , Dansingani Kunal K. , Indermill Chad , Kisma Nacima , Frau Eric , Sahel Jose-Alain , Bodaghi Bahram , Jhanji Vishal , Errera Marie-Helene
Published: April 2024

Background

Anterior uveitis, inflammation of the anterior chamber and related structures, is a cohort of diseases that can present to almost any general or sub-specialty Ophthalmology practice. Its features classically involve anterior chamber cell and flare. Below the surface of these two signs exist a panoply of diagnoses.

Body

The purpose of this review is to provide a general framework for diagnoses of anterior uveitis that are often missed as well as non-uveitic pathologies that often mimic anterior uveitis. Diagnostic deviation in either direction can have vision-threatening and rarely life-threatening consequences for patients. Using a comprehensive literature review we have collected a broad spectrum of etiologies of anterior uveitis that are easily missed and non-uveitic pathologies that can masquerade as anterior uveitis.

Conclusions

We present a focused review on specific misdiagnosed anterior uveitis pathologies and some of the conditions that can masquerade as anterior uveitis and scleritis.
Near telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies of two Chlorella species unveil the composition and evolution of centromeres in green algae
Authors: Wang Bo , Jia Yanyan , Dang Ningxin , Yu Jie , Bush Stephen J. , Gao Shenghan , He Wenxi , Wang Sirui , Guo Hongtao , Yang Xiaofei , Ma Weimin , Ye Kai
Published: April 2024

Background

Centromeres play a crucial and conserved role in cell division, although their composition and evolutionary history in green algae, the evolutionary ancestors of land plants, remains largely unknown.

Results

We constructed near telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies for two Trebouxiophyceae species, Chlorella sorokiniana NS4-2 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa DBH, with chromosome numbers of 12 and 13, and genome sizes of 58.11 Mb and 53.41 Mb, respectively. We identified and validated their centromere sequences using CENH3 ChIP-seq and found that, similar to humans and higher plants, the centromeric CENH3 signals of green algae display a pattern of hypomethylation. Interestingly, the centromeres of both species largely comprised transposable elements, although they differed significantly in their composition. Species within the Chlorella genus display a more diverse centromere composition, with major constituents including members of the LTR/Copia, LINE/L1, and LINE/RTEX families. This is in contrast to green algae including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, and Chromochloris zofingiensis, in which centromere composition instead has a pronounced single-element composition. Moreover, we observed significant differences in the composition and structure of centromeres among chromosomes with strong collinearity within the Chlorella genus, suggesting that centromeric sequence evolves more rapidly than sequence in non-centromeric regions.

Conclusions

This study not only provides high-quality genome data for comparative genomics of green algae but gives insight into the composition and evolutionary history of centromeres in early plants, laying an important foundation for further research on their evolution.
Effect of subclavian vein diameter combined with perioperative fluid therapy on preventing post-induction hypotension in patients with ASA status I or II
Authors: Wang Bin , Hui Kangli , Xiong Jingwei , Yang Chongya , Cao Xinyu , Zhu Guangli , Ang Yang , Duan Manlin
Published: April 2024

Background

Perioperative hypotension is frequently observed following the initiation of general anesthesia administration, often associated with adverse outcomes. This study assessed the effect of subclavian vein (SCV) diameter combined with perioperative fluid therapy on preventing post-induction hypotension (PIH) in patients with lower ASA status.

Methods

This two-part study included patients aged 18 to 65 years, classified as ASA physical status I or II, and scheduled for elective surgery. The first part (Part I) included 146 adult patients, where maximum SCV diameter (dSCVmax), minimum SCV diameter (dSCVmin), SCV collapsibility index (SCVCI) and SCV variability (SCVvariability) assessed using ultrasound. PIH was determined by reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) exceeding 30% from baseline measurement or any instance of MAP < falling below 65 mmHg for ≥ a duration of at least 1 min during the period from induction to 10 min after intubation. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to determine the predictive values of subclavian vein diameter and other relevant parameters. The second part comprised 124 adult patients, where patients with SCV diameter above the optimal cutoff value, as determined in Part I study, received 6 ml/kg of colloid solution within 20 min before induction. The study evaluated the impact of subclavian vein diameter combined with perioperative fluid therapy by comparing the observed incidence of PIH after induction of anesthesia.

Results

The areas under the curves (with 95% confidence intervals) for SCVCI and SCVvariability were both 0.819 (0.744–0.893). The optimal cutoff values were determined to be 45.4% and 14.7% (with sensitivity of 76.1% and specificity of 86.7%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, demonstrated that both SCVCI and SCVvariability were significant predictors of PIH. A threshold of 45.4% for SCVCI was chosen as the grouping criterion. The incidence of PIH in patients receiving fluid therapy was significantly lower in the SCVCI ≥ 45.4% group compared to the SCVCI < 45.4% group.

Conclusions

Both SCVCI and SCVvariability are noninvasive parameters capable of predicting PIH, and their combination with perioperative fluid therapy can reduce the incidence of PIH.
Complex regional pain syndrome: diagnostic challenges and favorable response to prednisolone
Authors: Olomi Jimmy , Munthali Victoria
Published: April 2024

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), characterized by severe and disproportionate pain, is a rare and debilitating condition. Due to its rarity, evidence-based treatment guidelines remain limited, creating a challenge for clinicians. We present the case of a 20-year-old female with CRPS type 1 of the right hand. Her pain, initially triggered by a minor trauma, had persisted for three months. The patient demonstrated severe pain, swelling, hyperesthesia, and restricted range of motion. Despite multiple hospital visits, her symptoms did not improve until she was diagnosed with CRPS and treated with oral prednisolone. A dosage of 40 mg daily led to a dramatic response within 10 days. Our report emphasizes the importance of recognizing CRPS and highlights the potential of prednisolone as a treatment option, particularly in resource-limited settings, where more specialized interventions may be unavailable. Further research is essential to establish a stronger evidence base for the use of steroids in CRPS management.
Clinical outcomes following direct anterior approach during total hip arthroplasty without hip extension: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Xiong Hua-zhang , Xiang Kuan , Liu Xiu-qi , Jin Ying , Zhong He-he , Wu Shu-hong , Peng Jia-chen
Published: April 2024

Background

Traditional total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the direct anterior approach (DAA) requires a hip extension. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing THA with DAA using either the no hip extension (NHE) or the traditional hip extension (THE) strategy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of demographics, clinical and radiological outcomes, and occurrence of complications was performed using data from 123 patients treated between January 2020 and November 2021. The patients were categorised into two groups: NHE (84 patients) and THE (39 patients).

Results

The NHE group exhibited shorter operative time and had more male participants with higher ages. Comparable outcomes were observed in the visual analogue scale, Harris Hip, and Oxford Hip scores at the final follow-up. Furthermore, complications were observed in the NHE and THE groups, including two and one greater trochanteric fractures and three and one transfusions, respectively.

Conclusions

Compared to the THE, employing the NHE strategy during THA with DAA in elderly and young female patients resulted in comparable clinical outcomes with several advantages, such as favourable surgical time. The NHE method also exhibited good safety and effectiveness. Therefore, the NHE strategy may be a favourable option for elderly and young female patients.
Baltimore oral epidemiology, disease effects, and HIV evaluation study (BEEHIVE) study protocol: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Weatherspoon Darien J. , Kirk Gregory D. , Piggott Damani A. , Thumbigere-Math Vivek , Dye Bruce A. , Macek Mark D.
Published: April 2024

Background

As antiretroviral therapy has become widely available and highly effective, HIV has evolved to a manageable, chronic disease. Despite this health advancement, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Similarly, PLWH are at an increased risk for selected oral diseases. PLWH with a history of injecting drugs experience an even greater burden of disease than their counterparts. The overall objective of the Baltimore Oral Epidemiology, Disease Effects, and HIV Evaluation (BEEHIVE) study is to determine the combined effects of HIV infection and NCDs on oral health status. The specific aims of the study are to: (1) determine to what extent HIV status influences access to and utilization of oral health care services; (2) determine to what extent HIV status affects self-reported and clinical oral health status; (3) determine to what extent HIV status influences the progression of periodontitis; and (4) determine to what extent HIV status impacts the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome signature.

Methods

The BEEHIVE study uses a prospective cohort study design to collect data from participants at baseline and at a 24-month follow-up visit. Data are collected through questionnaire assessments, clinical examinations, and evaluation of oral microbiological samples to determine the drivers of oral disease among a high-risk population of PLWH with a history of injection drug use and prevalent comorbid NCDs. The established AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort serves as the source of participants for the BEEHIVE Study.

Discussion

Upon completion of the BEEHIVE study, the knowledge gained will be important in informing future clinical and preventive interventions that can be implemented into medical and dental practice to ultimately help eliminate long-standing oral health inequities that PLWH experience.
Surgical counting interruptions in operating rooms
Authors: Lujun Zhi , Yuan Gao , Wei Wang
Published: April 2024

Background

Operating rooms are complex working environments with high workloads and high levels of cognitive demand. The first surgical count which occurs during the chaotic preoperative stage and is considered a critical phase, is a routine task in ORs. Interruptions often occur during the first surgical count; however, little is known about the first surgical counting interruptions. This study aimed to observe and analyse the sources, outcomes, frequency of the first surgical counting interruptions and responses to interruptions.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was carried out to examine the occurrence of the first surgical counting interruptions between 1st August 2023 and 30th September 2023. The data were collected using the “Surgical Counting Interruption Event Form”, which was developed by the researchers specifically for this study.

Results

A total of 66 circulating nurses (CNs) and scrub nurses (SNs) were observed across 1015 surgeries, with 4927.8 min of surgical count. The mean duration of the first surgical count was 4.85 min, with a range of 1.03 min to 9.51 min. In addition, 697 interruptions were identified, with full-term interruptions occurring an average of 8.7 times per hour. The most frequent source of interruption during the first surgical counts was instruments (N = 144, 20.7%). The first surgical counting interruptions mostly affected the CN (336 times; 48.2%), followed by the ORNs (including CNs and SNs) (243 times; 34.9%) and the SN (118 times; 16.9%). Most of the outcomes of interruptions were negative, and the majority of the nurses responded immediately to interruptions.

Conclusions

The frequency of the first surgical counting interruption is high. Managers should develop interventions for interruptions based on different surgical specialties and different nursing roles.