bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem cells in skeletal muscle growth and regeneration in amniotes and teleosts: Emerging themes
Authors: Ruparelia Avnika A. , Ratnayake Dhanushika , Currie Peter D.
Published: November 2019

Skeletal muscle is a contractile, postmitotic tissue that retains the capacity to grow and regenerate throughout life in amniotes and teleost. Both muscle growth and regeneration are regulated by obligate tissue resident muscle stem cells. Given that considerable knowledge exists on the myogenic process, recent studies have focused on examining the molecular markers of muscle stem cells, and on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals regulating their function. From this, two themes emerge: firstly, muscle stem cells display remarkable heterogeneity not only with regards to their gene expression profile, but also with respect to their behavior and function; and secondly, the stem cell niche is a critical regulator of muscle stem cell function during growth and regeneration. Here, we will address the current understanding of these emerging themes with emphasis on the distinct processes used by amniotes and teleost, and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the muscle growth and regeneration fields.

This article is characterized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches

Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan

Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Universal local operator quenches and entanglement entropy
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Takayanagi Tadashi , Umemoto Koji
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We present a new class of local quenches described by mixed states, parameterized universally by two parameters. We compute the evolutions of entanglement entropy for both a holographic and Dirac fermion CFT in two dimensions. This turns out to be equivalent to calculations of two point functions on a torus. We find that in holographic CFTs, the results coincide with the known results of pure state local operator quenches. On the other hand, we obtain new behaviors in the Dirac fermion CFT, which are missing in the pure state counterpart. By combining our results with the inequalities known for von-Neumann entropy, we obtain an upper bound of the pure state local operator quenches in the Dirac fermion CFT. We also explore predictions about the behaviors of entanglement entropy for more general mixed states.
Influence of Surface Anisotropy on Turbulent Flow Over Irregular Roughness
Authors: Busse Angela , Jelly Thomas O.
Published: November 2019

The influence of surface anisotropy upon the near-wall region of a rough-wall turbulent channel flow is investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS). A set of nine irregular rough surfaces with fixed mean peak-to-valley height, near-Gaussian height distributions and specified streamwise and spanwise correlation lengths were synthesised using a surface generation algorithm. By defining the surface anisotropy ratio (SAR) as the ratio of the streamwise and spanwise correlation lengths of the surface, we demonstrate that surfaces with a strong spanwise anisotropy (SAR < 1) can induce an over 200% increase in the roughness function ΔU+, compared to their streamwise anisotropic (SAR > 1) equivalent. Furthermore, we find that the relationship between the roughness function ΔU+ and the SAR parameter approximately follows an exponentially decaying function. The statistical response of the near-wall flow is studied using a “double-averaging” methodology in order to distinguish form-induced “dispersive” stresses from their turbulent counterparts. Outer-layer similarity is recovered for the mean velocity defect profile as well as the Reynolds stresses. The dispersive stresses all attain their maxima within the roughness canopy. Only the streamwise dispersive stress reaches levels that are comparable to the equivalent Reynolds stress, with surfaces of high SAR attaining the highest levels of streamwise dispersive stress. The Reynolds stress anisotropy also shows distinct differences between cases with strong streamwise anisotropy that stay close to an axisymmetric, rod-like state for all wall-normal locations, compared to cases with spanwise anisotropy where an axisymmetric, disk-like state of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor is observed around the roughness mean plane. Overall, the results from this study underline that the drag penalty incurred by a rough surface is strongly influenced by the surface topography and highlight its impact upon the mean momentum deficit in the outer flow as well as the Reynolds and dispersive stresses within the roughness layer.
The Mechanism Underlying Change in the Sex Gap in Life Expectancy at Birth: An Extended Decomposition
Authors: Cui Qi , Canudas-Romo Vladimir , Booth Heather
Published: November 2019

The relationship between differential mortality rates and differences in life expectancy is well understood, but how changing differential rates translate into changing differences in life expectancy has not been fully explained. To elucidate the mechanism involved, this study extends existing decomposition methods. The extended method decomposes change in the sex gap in life expectancy at birth into three components capturing the effects of the sex difference in mortality improvement (ρ-effect), life table deaths density by age (f-effect), and remaining life expectancy by age (e-effect). These three effects oppose and augment each other, depending on relative change in sex-differential mortality rates. The new method is applied to period data for 35 countries and cohort data for 25 countries. The results demonstrate how the mechanism, involving the three effects, operates to determine change in the sex difference in life expectancy. We observe the pivotal importance of the f-effect, which is predominantly negative because of lower female mortality, in favoring narrowing rather than widening of the sex gap, in shifting the overall effect to younger ages, and in exaggerating fluctuations due to crisis mortality. The new decomposition provides a more detailed basis for substantive analyses examining change in differences in life expectancy.
Making a Mint: British Mercantile Influence and the Building of the Japanese Imperial Mint
Authors: Mizuta Susumu
Published: November 2019

The Japanese Imperial Mint, which began its operation producing gold and silver coins in Osaka in 1871, has come to represent the self-modernisation of Japanese architecture and society more generally, both in its industrial purpose and western classical style. This article focuses on the planning, construction and socio-spatial design of the mint to resituate the project in the context of British imperial expansion. New archival research in both Japan and Britain, enabling close analysis of overlooked drawings and documents, establishes the Japanese Imperial Mint's dependence on the transfer of men, machinery and plans from the former Hong Kong Mint, mediated and managed by the two firms Glover & Co and Jardine Matheson & Co. This article thus not only sheds new light on these two individually important buildings in colonial and imperial history, and the engineers involved, but illuminates the relationship between British colonial architecture and the activities of British merchants at the edge of empire in East Asia in the nineteenth century.
The revised Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS): psychometric properties, severity ranges, and clinical cut-offs
Authors: Freeman Daniel , Loe Bao S. , Kingdon David , Startup Helen , Molodynski Andrew , Rosebrock Laina , Brown Poppy , Sheaves Bryony , Waite Felicity , Bird Jessica C.
Published: November 2019

Background

The Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale (GPTS) – comprising two 16-item scales assessing ideas of reference (Part A) and ideas of persecution (Part B) – was developed over a decade ago. Our aim was to conduct the first large-scale psychometric evaluation.

Methods

In total, 10 551 individuals provided GPTS data. Four hundred and twenty-two patients with psychosis and 805 non-clinical individuals completed GPTS Parts A and B. An additional 1743 patients with psychosis and 7581 non-clinical individuals completed GPTS Part B. Factor analysis, item response theory, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted.

Results

The original two-factor structure of the GPTS had an inadequate model fit: Part A did not form a unidimensional scale and multiple items were locally dependant. A Revised-GPTS (R-GPTS) was formed, comprising eight-item ideas of reference and 10-item ideas of persecution subscales, which had an excellent model fit. All items in the new Reference (a = 2.09–3.67) and Persecution (a = 2.37–4.38) scales were strongly discriminative of shifts in paranoia and had high reliability across the spectrum of severity (a > 0.90). The R-GPTS score ranges are: average (Reference: 0–9; Persecution: 0–4); elevated (Reference: 10–15; Persecution: 5–10); moderately severe (Reference: 16–20; Persecution:11–17); severe (Reference: 21–24; Persecution: 18–27); and very severe (Reference: 25+; Persecution: 28+). Recommended cut-offs on the persecution scale are 11 to discriminate clinical levels of persecutory ideation and 18 for a likely persecutory delusion.

Conclusions

The psychometric evaluation indicated a need to improve the GPTS. The R-GPTS is a more precise measure, has excellent psychometric properties, and is recommended for future studies of paranoia.
Interrelationships of factors of social development are more complex than Life History Theory predicts
Authors: Kotchoubey Boris
Published: November 2019

Life History Theory (LHT) predicts a monotonous relationship between affluence and the rate of innovations and strong correlations within a cluster of behavioral features. Although both predictions can be true in specific cases, they are incorrect in general. Therefore, the author's explanations may be right, but they do not prove LHT and cannot be generalized to other apparently similar processes.
Erfolgreiches Älterwerden
Authors: Noelle Rüdiger
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung. Übergänge sind in der Biographie eines Menschen immer wieder vorgekommen. Im Alter erscheinen sie als besonders einschneidende Ereignisse. Letztendlich geht es darum, eine möglichst große Individualität zu bewahren.
The potentiality of sinking EDM for micro-impressions on Ti-6Al-4V: keeping the geometrical errors (axial and radial) and other machining measures (tool erosion and work roughness) at minimum
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Anwar Saqib , Ishfaq Kashif , Rafaqat Madiha , Saleh Mustafa , Ahmad Shafiq
Published: November 2019

Ti-6Al-4V is a material of high interest in various industrial sectors including biomedical, automotive and aerospace. Conventional means of machining encounter different types of difficulties. Electric discharge machining (EDM) is not a contest of hardness. Circular impressions of micro-depth are produced in Ti-6Al-4V using four different electrode materials including aluminum, brass, graphite and copper, each assigned positive and negative polarity. In order to get precise control over the geometry of micro-impressions dimensional accuracy and tool wear must be controlled. Thus, EDM performance has been evaluated in terms of axial dimensional error (D.E_Axi), radial dimensional error (D.E_Rad), tool length reduction (TLR), and surface roughness (SR). Since the EDM process is stochastic in nature therefore in addition to tool polarity only two factors are considered as variables, i.e. discharge current and pulse-time-ratio (ration of on-time to off-time). The behaviors of each of the four electrode materials are compared together under each of the two polarities and two variables for each of the four response characteristics. The search is carried out to select the most appropriate tool electrode polarity (common for all responses) and a single common electrode capable of minimizing all the four response measures simultaneously. Moreover, microstructures of the machined impressions are discussed. Without any compromise in the minimum values of response measures, no single polarity and a single electrode are found common. However, with a slight compromise over the machining measures negative tool polarity and copper electrode served the purpose of set objectives (minimum of D.E, TLR, and SR). The expanse of compromise is found to be ≤ 50 µm in axial and radial dimensional errors, 0.8 µm in surface roughness and no compromise in tool length reduction if the copper electrode is assigned with negative polarity.
Effects of culling intensity on diel and seasonal activity patterns of sika deer (Cervus nippon)
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Igota Hiromasa , Matsuura Yukiko , Azumaya Munemitsu , Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Kaji Koichi
Published: November 2019

Adaptive hunting management is commonly used for controlling the populations of overabundant large herbivores; however, induced behavioural changes can make the effective control of target populations difficult. However, few studies have compared the impact of different levels of hunting intensities on the activity patterns of ungulates before, during, and after a culling program. We investigated how different culling intensities affect the activity patterns of sika deer on Nakanoshima Island in Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan using camera-trap surveys comparing the period of treatment before, during, and after a culling program. We used the number of deer photographed per hour per camera as an index of activity. Sika deer showed consistent crepuscular activity patterns (i.e., dawn and dusk) during spring–summer and trimodal activity patterns (i.e., dawn, dusk, and midnight) in autumn throughout the study period. In response to increased culling intensity, the activity peaks shifted slightly towards the night. The shift towards nocturnal activity persisted during post-culling period. Understanding the changes in activity patterns in response to culling intensity could be used to facilitate population control and assist in establishing a night shooting program. Thus, wildlife managers should consider night shooting once hunting during day time has shifted the normal diurnal activity of deer to nocturnal activity.
Rapidly and exactly determining postharvest dry soybean seed quality based on machine vision technology
Authors: Lin Ping , Xiaoli Li , Li Du , Jiang Shanchao , Zou Zhiyong , Lu Qun , Chen Yongming
Published: November 2019

The development of machine vision-based technologies to replace human labor for rapid and exact detection of agricultural product quality has received extensive attention. In this study, we describe a low-rank representation of jointly multi-modal bag-of-feature (JMBoF) classification framework for inspecting the appearance quality of postharvest dry soybean seeds. Two categories of speeded-up robust features and spatial layout of L*a*b* color features are extracted to characterize the dry soybean seed kernel. The bag-of-feature model is used to generate a visual dictionary descriptor from the above two features, respectively. In order to exactly represent the image characteristics, we introduce the low-rank representation (LRR) method to eliminate the redundant information from the long joint two kinds of modal dictionary descriptors. The multiclass support vector machine algorithm is used to classify the encoding LRR of the jointly multi-modal bag of features. We validate our JMBoF classification algorithm on the soybean seed image dataset. The proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art single-modal bag of features methods in the literature, which could contribute in the future as a significant and valuable technology in postharvest dry soybean seed classification procedure.
An easy-to-implement combinatorial approach involving an activity-based assay for the discovery of a peptidyl copper complex mimicking superoxide dismutase
Authors: Vincent Amandine , Fores Jennifer Rodon , Tauziet Elodie , Quévrain Elodie , Dancs Ágnes , Conte-Daban Amandine , Bernard Anne-Sophie , Pelupessy Philippe , Coulibaly Koudedja , Seksik Philippe , Hureau Christelle , Selmeczi Katalin , Policar Clotilde , Delsuc Nicolas
Published: November 2019

A strategy combining combinatorial chemistry and an activity-based screening leads to the development of a peptidyl catalytic drug that reduces the oxidative stress in cellular models.
Efficient hydrodeoxygenation of sulfoxides into sulfides under mild conditions using heterogeneous cobalt–molybdenum catalysts
Authors: Yao Kaiyue , Yuan Ziliang , Jin Shiwei , Chi Quan , Liu Bing , Huang Renjie , Zhang Zehui
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen–doped carbon-supported cobalt–molybdenum bimetallic catalysts are active for the hydrodeoxygenation of sulfoxides to sulfides under mild conditions, which is the first case of use of heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts for the reaction.
Fluorine-enriched mesoporous carbon as efficient oxygen reduction catalyst: understanding the defects in porous matrix and fuel cell applications
Authors: Parthiban V. , Bhuvaneshwari Balasubramaniam , Karthikeyan J. , Murugan P. , Sahu A. K.
Published: November 2019

Synthesis of fluorine-doped mesoporous carbon as a novel alternative metal-free ORR electrocatalyst.
Selective geranylation of biflavonoids by Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase (AtaPT)
Authors: Xu Kangping , Yang Can , Xu Yuanyuan , Li Dan , Bao Shumin , Zou Zhenxing , Kang Fenghua , Tan Guishan , Li Shu-Ming , Yu Xia
Published: November 2019

Regio-selective geranylation of natural biflavonoids using Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase (AtaPT) as an efficient catalyst.
MicroRNA-132-3p suppresses type I IFN response through targeting IRF1 to facilitate H1N1 influenza A virus infection
Authors: Zhang Fangyi , Lin Xuefeng , Yang Xiaodong , Lu Guangjian , Zhang Qunmei , Zhang Chunxiao
Published: November 2019

Increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have essential roles in innate immune responses to various viral infections; however, the role of miRNAs in H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) infection is still unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of miRNAs in IAV replication in vitro. Using a microarray assay, we analyzed the expression profiles of miRNAs in peripheral blood from IAV patients. It was found that miR-132-3p was significantly up-regulated in peripheral blood samples from IAV patients. It was also observed that IAV infection up-regulated the expression of miR-132-3p in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subsequently, we investigated miR-132-3p function and found that up-regulation of miR-132-3p promoted IAV replication, whereas knockdown of miR-132-3p repressed replication. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-132-3p could inhibit IAV triggered INF-α and INF-β production and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, including myxovirus protein A (MxA), 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS), and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), while inhibition of miR-132-3p enhanced IAV triggered these effects. Of note, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a well-known regulator of the type I IFN response, was identified as a direct target of miR-132-3p during HIN1 IAV infection. Furthermore, knockdown of IRF1 by si-IRF1 reversed the promoting effects of miR-132-3p inhibition on type I IFN response. Taken together, up-regulation of miR-132-3p promotes IAV replication by suppressing type I IFN response through its target gene IRF1, suggesting that miR-132-3p could represent a novel potential therapeutic target of IAV treatment.
Learning a minimum similarity projection and lowest correlation representation for image classification
Authors: Lu Shan , Zhang Jun , Gao Ying
Published: November 2019

The projection and representation learning is an attractive tool for image classification problem due to its effectiveness and efficiency of extracting interior structure for data. However, the complexity and diversity of real data lead to the decline of classification performance. A novel image classification method is proposed by learning a minimum similarity projection and lowest correlation representation. This method attempts to produce a discriminative representation on a low‐dimensional space for the data, which takes two steps: feature projection and feature representation. By learning a projection matrix, the feature projection aims to map the samples into a low‐dimensional space which jointly minimises the similar within‐class difference and maximises the dissimilar cross‐class difference. A discriminative representation for the data on the new space is generated by using the de‐correlated effect to the representation results of all classes. Therefore, the learned projection and representation simultaneously demonstrate discriminative properties in the learning of both steps. The extensive experiments conducted on different visual classification tasks consist of face recognition, object categorisation, and scene classification that the proposed method performs superior performance for image classification.
Linsenchirurgie: Einsatz von multifokalen Intraokularlinsen
Authors: Shajari Mehdi , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Priglinger Siegfried
Published: November 2019

Der Austausch der natürlichen Linse mittels einer künstlichen Intraokularlinse gehört zu den weltweit am häufigsten durchgeführten Operationen. In diesem Artikel werden die gängigsten multifokalen Linsen zusammengefasst und die wichtigsten Aspekte für den klinischen Alltag dargestellt.
Tibiapseudarthrosen
Authors: Hessmann Martin Henri , Körblein Katharina
Published: November 2019

Pseudarthrosen gehören zu den häufigsten Komplikationen nach Tibiaschaftfrakturen. Hypertrophe Pseudarthrosen erfordern eine Verbesserung der biomechanischen Stabilitätseigenschaften der Osteosynthese. Der Verfahrenswechsel mit Umnagelung und die augmentierende Plattenosteosynthese bieten verlässlich gute Ausheilungsergebnisse. Bei der atrophen Pseudarthrose sind zusätzliche Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Biologie erforderlich. Infektpseudarthrosen sind besonders anspruchsvoll und erfordern die Therapie sowohl des Infektes als auch der Frakturheilungsstörung. Die sorgfältige Analyse der Ausgangssituation und der Ursachen der Frakturheilungsstörung sowie die konsequente Therapie führen zu hohen Ausheilungsraten.
Pseudarthrosen am Sakrum
Authors: Culemann Ulf
Published: November 2019

Pseudarthrosebehandlung ist Komplikationsmanagement, am Sakrum wie auch in anderen Regionen des Körpers. Fehlschläge nach Osteosynthesen des Beckenrings und speziell des Sakrums mit nachfolgender Pseudarthrose sind i. d. R. chirurgisch schwer zu behandeln und sollten vor erneuten Revisionseingriffen ausreichend vorbereitet werden. Das Ziel der primären Behandlung von Beckenringverletzungen sollte es daher immer sein, eine derartige Komplikation möglichst zu vermeiden. Durch die richtige Klassifikation der Beckenringfraktur, die korrekte primäre Einschätzung der spezifischen Besonderheiten der Verletzung, die konservative oder operative Therapieentscheidung, die operativ notwendige Zugangswahl und letztendlich die Auswahl und Ausführung der Osteosynthese haben einzeln und in ihrer Gesamtheit eine entscheidende Bedeutung für den langfristigen Erfolg. Es sollte daher eingehend geprüft werden, ob die persönliche Erfahrung und die strukturellen Voraussetzungen der eigenen Klinik gegeben sind, eine primäre operative Therapie am hinteren Beckenring durchzuführen. Spätestens beim Komplikationsmanagement wie einer Sakrumpseudarthrose sollte diese Frage sicher mit „ja“ beantwortet werden können. Die inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung des behandelnden Chirurgen mit dem Patienten und seinem „spezifischen“ Problem am Sakrum ist dabei unabdingbare Voraussetzung. Letztlich führt nur die vollumfängliche Aufklärung, adäquate Operationsmethode und die Nachbetreuung durch den Chirurgen zur Ausheilung der Pseudarthrose am Ende der Behandlung. Die Mitwirkung des „aufgeklärten“ Patienten ist dabei ebenso unabdingbare Voraussetzung. Die operative Therapie der Sakrumpseudarthrose muss sowohl eine sichere mechanische Belastbarkeit des Beckens erzielen als auch durch schonende Präparation und ausreichende Stimulation der biologischen Knochenheilung zur definitiven Durchbauung der Pseudarthrose beitragen.
Postoperative Qualitätssicherung nach Kataraktoperation über das Internet
Authors: Lang Stefan J. , Böhringer Daniel , Ness Thomas , Reinhard Thomas
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund Eine Vielzahl an Operationen im Bereich der Augenheilkunde findet ambulant oder nur im Rahmen eines kurzen stationären Aufenthalts statt. Hierbei sind die Qualitätsanforderungen sehr hoch. Postoperative Qualitätskontrollen durch die Operateure scheitern häufig daran, dass die postoperative Nachsorge meist nicht am Operationszentrum, sondern bei den zuweisenden niedergelassenen Augenärzten erfolgt.

Methoden Zur Optimierung der operativen Qualitätssicherung hat die Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg im Verbund mit dem Augennetz Südbaden (ANSB), in dem eine große Zahl niedergelassener Augenärzte aus der Region untereinander vernetzt sind, ein internetbasiertes Qualitätssicherungsverfahren entwickelt. Es erfolgt eine umfassende Berichterstattung zu den Kataraktoperationen. Die Ergebnisse der Nachuntersuchung werden unter Beachtung datenschutzrechtlicher Vorgaben über gesicherte Internetmasken aus den Arztpraxen strukturiert zurückgemeldet. Die Rückmeldungen erfolgen immer erst nach 2 – 3 Monaten und somit zu einem Zeitpunkt, an dem in aller Regel das endgültige Operationsergebnis beurteilt werden kann.

Ergebnisse Seit Einrichtung des Qualitätsregisters im November 2009 wurden bis Ende 2018 insgesamt 8043 Datensätze nach Kataraktoperation gemeldet. Diese Stichprobe umfasst 20,2% aller im gleichen Zeitraum an der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg durchgeführten Kataraktoperationen. Das mittlere Follow-up lag bei 76 Tagen. Die Zielrefraktion wurde bei 90% aller operierten Augen um weniger als 1 dpt verfehlt. Als Risikofaktor für ein Verfehlen der Zielrefraktion konnte der Z. n. Keratoplastik identifiziert werden.

Schlussfolgerung Die internetbasierte Qualitätssicherung der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg ermöglicht erstmals die kontinuierliche Überwachung der Operationsqualität über einen längeren Zeitraum. Diese stellt sich als hoch heraus. Bei Vorliegen eines Z. n. Keratoplastik als Risikofaktor für ein Verfehlen der Zielrefraktion sollte die Biometrie präoperativ kritisch hinterfragt werden.
Intramedullary Nailing and Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis in Treatment of Displaced Clavicular Mid-shaft Fractures: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yuan Hang , Wang Ran , Zheng Jie , Yang Yonghong
Published: November 2019

Objective To compare the difference between MIPO and IMN methods in the treatment of displaced clavicular mid-shaft fractures.

Methods A total 163 patients were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into the MIPO group or the IMN group. Clinical characteristics and outcomes including age, gender, causes of fractures, and AO/OTA type as well as hospitalization time, healing time, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Constant-Murley scores and DASH scores were used for assessment of shoulder joint and upper extremity function, respectively.

Results In this study, 82 cases received MIPO and 81 cases received IMN. The mean operation time, mean bleeding volume, mean hospitalization time, and mean healing time showed no significant difference between the MIPO and IMN groups. At 3 months after surgery, Constant-Murley scores were significantly higher and DASH scores were significantly lower in the MIPO group than the IMN group. No significant difference was observed for both indexes at 6 months. The fracture nonunion rate was significantly lower in the MIPO group. No significant difference was found in other complications.

Conclusion Both methods were effective for the treatment of displaced clavicular mid-shaft fractures. However, the MIPO method might be better for recovery of shoulder and upper extremity function in the short term and might have a lower nonunion rate.
Association between Muscle Damage and Head Impacts in High School
American Football
Authors: Huibregtse Megan E. , Zonner Steven W. , Ejima Keisuke , Bevilacqua Zachary W. , Newman Sharlene D. , Macy Jonathan T. , Kawata Keisuke
Published: November 2019

Subconcussive head impacts (SHI), defined as impacts to the cranium that do not
result in concussion symptoms, are gaining traction as a major public health
concern. The contribution of physiological factors such as physical exertion and
muscle damage to SHI-dependent changes in neurological measures remains unknown.
A prospective longitudinal study examined the association between physiological
factors and SHI kinematics in 15 high school American football players over one
season. Players wore a sensor-installed mouthguard for all practices and games,
recording frequency and magnitude of all head impacts. Serum samples were
collected at 12 time points (pre-season, pre- and post-game for five in-season
games, and post-season) and were assessed for an isoenzyme of creatine kinase
(CK-MM) primarily found in skeletal muscle. Physical exertion was estimated in
the form of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) from heart rate data
captured during the five games. Mixed-effect regression models indicated that
head impact kinematics were significantly and positively associated with change
in CK-MM but not EPOC. There was a significant and positive association between
CK-MM and EPOC. These data suggest that when examining SHI, effects of skeletal
muscle damage should be considered when using outcome measures that may have an
interaction with muscle damage.
Presbyopiekorrektur mittels Linsensystemen
Authors: Knorz Michael C.
Published: November 2019

Die Akkommodationsfähigkeit der Linse nimmt mit dem Alter ab; eine vollständige chirurgische Wiederherstellung ist derzeit jedoch noch nicht möglich. Durch moderne Intraokularlinsen kann allerdings der weitgehende Verzicht auf eine Brillenkorrektur erreicht werden.
Cortisol Levels in Glucagon Stimulation Test in Children Assessed for Short Stature: Clinical and Laboratorial Correlations
Authors: Maliachova Olga , Dimitriadou Meropi , Triantafyllou Panagiota , Slavakis Aris , Christoforidis Athanasios
Published: November 2019

To assess total cortisol levels in children being evaluating for short stature with normal cortisol reserve and to correlate this response to clinical and laboratory data. Children assessed with glucagon test in our department were recruited in this study retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were: i) age>1 year, ii) absence of chronic illness or medication interfering with ACTH-cortisol axis, iii) GH stimulation levels>3ng/mL at least in one provocation test (glucagon or clonidine), iv) absence of multiple pituitary growth hormone deficiencies, v) normal short Synacthen test in cases of low cortisol response in glucagon test.Two hundred and thirty-seven subjects (160 males, 67.5%) with a mean age of 9.02±3.19 years, were finally included in the analysis. Cortisol peak levels but not cortisol AUC were significantly increased in females compared to males (26.83±7.31 μg/dl vs. 24.04±7.20 μg/dl). When linear correlations were studied, both cortisol peak levels and cortisol AUC were linearly but inversely correlated to age (r=−0.234, p<0.001 and r=−0.315, p<0.001, respectively). Finally, cortisol AUC was inversely correlated to weight Z-scores (r=−0.160, p=0.014). When our analysis was limited only to subjects with intact GH response (GH peak> 7 ng/mL), age was still inversely correlated to cortisol AUC (r=−0.312, p<0.001), and cortisol AUC was linearly correlated to GH AUC assessed with clonidine test (r=0.223, p=0.013). Girls, younger and thinner children exhibit higher cortisol response to glucagon test.
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C7-Allylation of Indazoles
Authors: Huo Jiyou , Yuan Hongshun , Xu Lanting , Pan Xianhua
Published: November 2019

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed regioselective C–H allylation of N,N-diisopropylcarbamoyl indazoles with allylic carbonates as allylating agents has been developed. This methodology provides facile access to C7-allylated indazoles with high regioselectivity, ample substrate scope and broad functional group tolerance.
Weight-bearing Imaging in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chiyanika Chileka , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing
Published: November 2019

This article reviews the weight-bearing imaging methods in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spine with unknown etiology. The apical vertebrae in AIS rotate away from the midline in a complex 3D pattern that formerly could only be appreciated by computed tomography (CT). Despite its superb anatomical delineation, CT is not ideal due to high radiation and scanning in either the supine or prone position; hence the full effect of gravity on the spinal curvature cannot be assessed. The introduction of low-dose stereoradiography with the capacity of 3D reconstruction has recently opened up a new era of assessment of the scoliotic spine in the upright position at multiple time points during the preoperative and postoperative period. The handheld 3D ultrasound imaging system also provides a radiation-free alternative for close monitoring for disease progression and treatment outcomes for AIS. Upright magnetic resonance imaging is radiation free and superb for the assessment of spinal cord and intervertebral disks; however, its utilization in scoliosis is limited by high cost and limited availability.
Thromboprophylaxis in Neuro Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Swain Amlan , Sahu Seelora , Panigrahi Binita , Nag Deb S.
Published: November 2019

The propensity for venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to neurocritical care setups is high because of predilection toward venous stasis as well as pathological processes favoring embolus formation and dissemination. The application of routine thromboprophylaxis guidelines in the various subsets of neurologically injured patients is limited by the fear of bleeding inside neurologically significant closed locations. The aim of this review is to lay out thromboprophylaxis guidelines in various subsets of patients admitted to neurocritical care setups according to recent evidence base, which is still an evolving process.
Injerto de Piel de Espesor Total en Recurrencia de Dupuytren: Resultados Tempranos
Authors: Montes-Pérez Raquel A. , Del Cerro-Gutiérrez Miguel , García-Lira Francisco
Published: November 2019

Introducción No existe un algoritmo de manejo estándar de la recurrencia de la Enfermedad de Dupuytren; el injerto de piel de espesor total posterior a dermofasciectomía ofrece una opción viable para el manejo. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el tamaño del injerto, movilidad articular, satisfacción con la apariencia y funcionalidad, así como complicaciones en pacientes con recurrencia de Enfermedad de Dupuytren, tratados con injerto de piel de espesor total posterior a dermofasciectomía.

Material y Métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohorte en pacientes con recurrencia de Enfermedad de Dupuytren tratados con injerto de espesor total de piel posterior a la dermofasciectomía. Se incluyeron 22 dedos de 19 pacientes con edad promedio de 64,7 años. Las principales variables registradas fueron: grados de flexión pre y postquirúrgica en la articulación MF e IFP, tamaño del injerto, tiempo de seguimiento postquirúrgico, satisfacción de los resultados con la apariencia del injerto y funcionalidad en la vida diaria, así como las complicaciones.

Resultados El tamaño promedio del injerto fue de 3,3 × 1,7cm y la duración del seguimiento de 24,7 meses en promedio. En el postquirúrgico, se alcanzó extensión completa de la MF; encontraste con 55,7° de flexión en el pre quirúrgico. La articulación IFP presentó, en promedio, flexión de 64,2° (pre-quirúrgico) y en el postquirúrgico, se logró flexión y extensión completa en 8 dedos; déficit de extensión de 25° en 6 y contractura de 78,7°, en promedio, en 8 dedos. Diez de 19 pacientes, dijeron estar muy satisfechos con la apariencia del injerto y funcionalidad. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron alteraciones sensitivas.

Conclusión Se demostraron buenos resultados en los grados de movilidad y satisfacción respecto a la apariencia y funcionalidad; no existen reportes previos con la descripción del tamaño del injerto utilizado. En nuestra experiencia, la colocación de injerto es una opción terapéutica adecuada.
Postnatal Amelioration of Fetal Right Ventricular Hypoplasia Associated with Large Eustachian Valve: A Case Report
Authors: Iwatani Ayaka , Miyake Fumihito , Ishido Hirotaka , Kanai Masayo , Ishiguro Akio , Iwamoto Yoichi , Kabe Kazuhiko , Masutani Satoshi
Published: November 2019

In fetuses, the Eustachian valve directs oxygenated blood returning from the inferior vena cava into the left atrium via the foramen ovale. If too large, the Eustachian valve can restrict right ventricular inflow, as well as induce postnatal cyanosis via an interatrial right-to-left shunt. We report a fetal case of postnatal amelioration of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle hypoplasia, despite significant right ventricular hypoplasia associated with a large Eustachian valve. Application of an appropriate respiratory management regimen to help reduce pulmonary vascular resistance is of particular importance for the reversal of the right-to-left shunt via the foramen ovale and associated increases in right ventricular inflow.
Optical access to multi-anvil apparatus with ultrasonic method under high-pressure environment
Authors: Tang Qizhe , Liu Yonggang , Song Wei , Chen Xiang , Xie Hongsen
Published: November 2019

Optical methods have widely been utilized in high-pressure high-temperature experiments for the past several decades. However, optical investigations using the visible spectrum in large volume press have not been well explored. In this study, we incorporate optical access into a multianvil apparatus (MAA) to perform optical experiments. Furthermore, by acquiring the optical image of the sample under high pressure, we have realized the thickness measurement of the sample and further applied it to the existing ultrasonic measurement. We report the optical method from the aspects of apparatus modification, ruby scale, and the demonstrations of the feasibility of the optical access in the MAA.
Irradiation-induced broadening of the Raman spectra in monolayer graphene
Authors: Shlimak I. , Butenko A. , Kogan E. , Kaveh M.
Published: November 2019

Broadening of the Raman scattering (RS) spectra was studied in monolayer graphene samples irradiated with various doses of ions followed by annealing of radiation damage at different temperatures. It is shown that the width Γ (full width at half maximum) of three main RS lines (G, D, and 2D) increases linearly with the increase of the density of irradiation-induced point defects Nd: ΔΓ = mNd. The slope m is the same for one-phonon emitting G-line and D-line and almost double for a two-phonon emitting 2D-line. It is observed that the width of the D-line for slightly irradiated samples is larger than one half of the width of the 2D-line, which shows that, in the case of the D-line, elastic electron scattering on point defects leads to an additional linewidth. This difference decreases with the increase of Nd, which shows the decrease of the role of scattering on a single point defect because of the spreading of this mechanism over the whole disordered film. A theoretical model of the width of the D-line in disordered graphene is developed. The analytical expressions explain the experimental observations and allow one to determine the numerical coefficient in the in-plane transverse optical phonon dispersion in graphene.
Electronic structure evolution in dilute carbide Ge1−xCx alloys and implications for device applications
Authors: Broderick Christopher A. , Dunne Michael D. , Tanner Daniel S. P. , O’Reilly Eoin P.
Published: November 2019

We present a theoretical analysis of electronic structure evolution in the highly-mismatched dilute carbide group-IV alloy Ge1−xCx. For ordered alloy supercells, we demonstrate that C incorporation strongly perturbs the conduction band (CB) structure by driving the hybridization of A1-symmetric linear combinations of Ge states lying close in energy to the CB edge. This leads, in the ultradilute limit, to the alloy CB edge being formed primarily of an A1-symmetric linear combination of the L-point CB edge states of the Ge host matrix semiconductor. Our calculations describe the emergence of a “quasidirect” alloy bandgap, which retains a significant admixture of indirect Ge L-point CB edge character. We then analyze the evolution of the electronic structure of realistic (large, disordered) Ge1−xCx alloy supercells for C compositions up to x=2%. We show that short-range alloy disorder introduces a distribution of localized states at energies below the Ge CB edge, with these states acquiring minimal direct (Γ) character. Our calculations demonstrate strong intrinsic inhomogeneous energy broadening of the CB edge Bloch character, driven by hybridization between Ge host matrix and C-related localized states. The trends identified by our calculations are markedly different to those expected based on a recently proposed interpretation of the CB structure based on the band anticrossing model. The implications of our findings for device applications are discussed.
On collisional free-free photon absorption in warm dense matter
Authors: Meyer-ter-Vehn J. , Ramis R.
Published: November 2019

The rate of photon absorption in warm dense matter induced by free-free electron-ion collisions is derived from Sommerfeld's cross section for nonrelativistic bremsstrahlung emission, making use of detailed balance relations. Warm dense matter is treated as a metal-like state in the approximation of a uniform degenerate electron gas and a uniform ion background. Total absorption rates are averaged over the electron Fermi distribution. A closed expression is obtained for the absorption rate, depending on temperature, density, and photon energy, which scales with ion charge Z. It is evaluated numerically for the full nonrelativistic parameter space, which requires different representations of the hypergeometric functions involved. The results are valid for photon frequencies larger than the plasma frequency of the medium. They are compared with approximate formulas in various asymptotic regions.
Timing and shape of stochastic autocatalytic burst formation
Authors: Jamieson-Lane A. , Cytrynbaum E. N.
Published: November 2019

Chemical, physical, and ecological systems passing through a saddle-node bifurcation will, momentarily, find themselves balanced at a semistable steady state. If perturbed by noise, such systems will escape from the zero-steady state, with escape time sensitive to noise. When the model is extended to include space, this leads to different points in space “escaping from zero” at different times, and uniform initial conditions nucleate into sharp peaks spreading randomly across a nearly uniform background, a phenomenon closely resembling nucleation during phase transition. We use Large Deviation Theory to determine burst shape and temporal scaling with respect to noise amplitude. These results give a prototype for a particular form of patternless symmetry breaking in the vicinity of a stability boundary and demonstrate how microscopic noise can lead to macroscopic effects in such a region.
Allotropic transformation instigated thermal diffusivity of soot nanofluid: Thermal lens study
Authors: Swapna M. S. , Raj Vimal , Sankararaman S.
Published: November 2019

This paper employs the sensitive single-beam thermal lens technique for analyzing the thermal behavior of gasoline soot containing allotropes of carbon by preparing its nanofluid (NF). The soot, annealed at different temperatures up to 400 °C (the samples), used for preparing the NF, is found to enhance the thermal diffusivity (α) up to 95% without changing the solid volume fraction, suggesting its possible use in coolants. The thermal induced modifications are understood from the field emission scanning electron microscopic, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric, and Raman spectroscopic analyses. The variation of α of the sample is found to exhibit similar variations observed in XRD and Raman spectroscopic analyses. The study stresses the significance of the optimum temperature (300 °C) for the soot NF above which morphological and structural modifications may lead to thermal energy trapping rather than dissipation or cooling.
Quantum optimal control theory for solvated systems
Authors: Rosa Marta , Gil Gabriel , Corni Stefano , Cammi Roberto
Published: November 2019

In this work, we generalize the quantum optimal control theory (QOCT) of molecules subject to ultrashort laser pulses to the case of solvated systems, explicitly including the solvent dielectric properties in the system’s quantum Hamiltonian. A reliable description of the solvent polarization is accounted for within the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The electron dynamics for the molecules in solution is coupled with the dynamics of the surrounding polarizable environment, which affects the features of the optimized laser pulse. To illustrate such effects, numerical applications of the developed method to the study of optimal population of selected excited states of two molecular solvated systems are presented and discussed.
Retention and infiltration of bacteria on a plant leaf driven by surface water evaporation
Authors: Ranjbaran Mohsen , Datta Ashim K.
Published: November 2019

Evaporation-driven internal flows within a sessile droplet can transport microorganisms close to the leaf surface and facilitate their infiltration into the available openings, such as stomata. Here, using microfabricated surfaces out of polydimethylsiloxane, the sole effects of evaporation of sessile droplets in contamination of plant leaves was studied. These surfaces were patterned with stomata, trichomes, and grooves that are common surface microstructures on plant leaves. Evaporation of sessile droplets, containing bacterial suspensions, on real leaves and fabricated surfaces was studied using confocal microscopy. To provide insight about the effects of leaf hydrophobicity and surface roughness on the bacterial retention and infiltration, variations of contact angle of sessile droplets at these surfaces were measured during evaporation. The results showed that evaporation-driven flow transported bacteria close to the surface of spinach leaves and fabricated surfaces, leading to distinct infiltration into the stomata. Larger size and wider spacing of the micropores, and a more hydrophilic surface, led bacteria to spread more at the droplet base area and infiltrate into more stomata. Evaporation-driven movement of contact line, which can sweep bacteria over the leaf surface, was shown to lead to bacterial infiltration into the stomatal pores. Findings should help improve microbial safety of leafy greens.
Production of O− and O2− beams with the negative ion source at Institute of Modern Physics
Authors: Jin Q. Y. , Zhou Y. , Sun L. T. , Liu Y. G. , Zhang X. Z. , Zhao H. W.
Published: November 2019

A negative oxygen ion source is under development to produce O− and O2− beams used for a secondary ion mass spectrometer at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), and both filament and radio frequency (RF) schemes are tested. The filament driven ion source, which was initially designed for H− production, has a 10-pole multicusp plasma chamber, two sets of virtual magnetic filters, and a 3-electrode extraction system. The RF scheme, which is improved by changing a RF back plate from the filament ion source, has an external planar spiral RF antenna behind an AlN window. The RF power system consists of a continuous wave (CW) 13.56 MHz/2 kW power supply, a capacitive automatching network and a water-cooled flat RF antenna made from a 6-mm copper tube. Oxygen and carbon dioxide gases are used to produce O− and O2− ion beams, and ion composition is analyzed by using a Wien filter. However, the lifetime of filaments sustains from several minutes to hours before fracture occurred while the RF one can work stably with no maintenance, and the experiment results will be given on O− ion production with two different technologies using our ion source test facility.