bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effects of temperature and sludge characteristics on odors and VOC emissions during the drying process of sewage sludge
Authors: Ding Wenjie , Li Lin , Liu Junxin
Published: August 2015

Sludge drying is a necessary step for sludge disposal. In this study, sludge was collected from two wastewater treatment plants, and dried at different temperatures in the laboratory. The emission of odor and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) during the sludge drying process were determined by an online odor monitoring system. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gas were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results showed that sludge with 30% moisture content could be obtained in 51 minutes under drying temperature 100 °C but only within 27 minutes under 150 °C. Concentration of odor, TVOCs, sulfur-containing compounds (SCCs), and amines were changed with drying temperature and sludge sources. The maximum concentration of odor, TVOCs, SCCs, and amines were 503.13 ppm, 3.01 ppm, 8.15 ppm, and 11.27 ppm, respectively, at drying temperature 100 °C. These values reached 1,250.79, 8.10, 53.51, and 37.80 ppm when sludge dried at 150 °C. Odor concentration had a close relationship with emission of SCCs, amines, and TVOCs. The main VOCs released were benzene series and organic acid. Potential migration of substances in sludge was examined via analysis of off-gas and condensate, aiming to provide scientific data for effective sludge treatment and off-gas control.
Effect of carbon sources on nitrous oxide emission in a modified Ludzak Ettinger process
Authors: Song Kang , Riya Shohei , Hosomi Masaaki , Terada Akihiko
Published: August 2015

Effect of methanol and glycerol on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in two laboratory-scale modified Ludzak Ettinger (MLE) processes was investigated during three distinct periods: dissolved oxygen (DO) control by intermittent aeration with a DO controller, and high and low aeration rates. N2O consumption rate in an anoxic tank and aeration mode influenced N2O emission rates from the MLE processes. In the DO control period, N2O emission rate from the glycerol-fed MLE process was higher than the methanol-fed counterpart, likely caused by a higher N2O consumption rate in an anoxic tank of the methanol-fed process. During the period of a higher aeration rate, N2O emission rates from both processes were comparable. In contrast, during the period of a lower aeration rate, N2O emission rate from the methanol-fed MLE process was higher than that from the glycerol-fed counterpart likely because of a higher degree of nitrite accumulation, corroborated by statistical analysis. N2O consumption activities of biomasses fed with the different carbon sources were distinct. However, the high activity did not necessarily result in a decrease in N2O emission rate from an aerobic tank and the effect of nitrite on the emission was stronger under the tested conditions.
Nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptors for biological sulphide oxidation
Authors: Munz G. , Mannucci A. , Arreola-Vargas J. , Alatriste-Mondragon F. , Giaccherini F. , Mori G.
Published: August 2015

Autotrophic denitrification with sulphide using nitrate (R1) and nitrite (R2) as electron acceptor was investigated at bench scale. Different solids retention times (SRT) (5 and 20 d) have been tested in R1 while R2 was operated at SRT = 13 d. The results indicated that the process allows complete sulphide removal to be achieved in all tested conditions. Tested sulphide loads were estimated from the H2S produced in a pilot-scale anaerobic digester treating vegetable tannery primary sludge; nitrogen loads originated from the nitrification of the supernatant. Average nitrogen removal efficiencies higher than 80% were observed in all the tested conditions once steady state was reached. A maximum specific nitrate removal rate equal to 0.35 g N-NO3− g VSS−1 d−1 was reached in R1. Due to sulphide limitation, incomplete denitrification was observed and nitrite and thiosulphate tend to accumulate especially in the presence of variable environmental conditions in both R1 and R2. Lower SRT caused higher NO2accumulated/NO3reduced ratios (0.22 and 0.24, with SRT of 5 d and 20 d, respectively) using nitrate as electron acceptor in steady-state condition. Temperature decrease caused sudden NO2accumulated/NO3reduced ratio increase in R1 and NO2− removal decrease in R2.
Optimization of a mainstream nitritation-denitritation process and anammox polishing
Authors: Regmi Pusker , Holgate Becky , Fredericks Dana , Miller Mark W. , Wett Bernhard , Murthy Sudhir , Bott Charles B.
Published: August 2015

This paper deals with an almost 1-year long pilot study of a nitritation-denitritation process that was followed by anammox polishing. The pilot plant treated real municipal wastewater at ambient temperatures. The effluent of high-rate activated sludge process (hydraulic retention time, HRT = 30 min, solids retention time = 0.25 d) was fed to the pilot plant described in this paper, where a constant temperature of 23 °C was maintained. The nitritation-denitritation process was operated to promote nitrite oxidizing bacteria out-selection in an intermittently aerated reactor. The intermittent aeration pattern was controlled using a strategy based on effluent ammonia and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The unique feature of this aeration control was that fixed dissolved oxygen set-point was used and the length of aerobic and anoxic durations were changed based on the effluent ammonia and nitrate + nitrite concentrations. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria were adapted in mainstream conditions by allowing the growth on the moving bed bioreactor plastic media in a fully anoxic reactor. The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal performance of the entire system was 75 ± 15% during the study at a modest influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NH4+-N ratio of 8.9 ± 1.8 within the HRT range of 3.1–9.4 h. Anammox polishing contributed 11% of overall TIN removal. Therefore, this pilot-scale study demonstrates that application of the proposed nitritation-denitritation system followed by anammox polishing is capable of relatively high nitrogen removal without supplemental carbon and alkalinity at a low HRT.
Study on Wellbore Stability and Instability Mechanism in Piedmont
Structures
Authors: Tan Qiang , Yu Baohua , Deng Jingen , Zhao Kai , Chen Jianguo
Published: August 2015

Piedmont tectonic belts are rich of oil and gas resources, however the intense tectonic stress and broken formation
may cause great drilling problems in piedmont structures such as borehole collapse, lost circulation and gas cutting.
Through analysis of in situ stress properties, bedding structure and mechanical characteristics, wellbore instability mechanism
was expounded from rock mechanics, chemistry of drilling fluid and drilling technology. The high tectonic stress,
formation strength decreasing and fluid pressure rising after mud filtrate seepage are main reasons for borehole collapse.
The methods of calculating collapse and fracture pressure and determining drilling safety density window were put forward
based on mechanical analysis. In order to reduce drilling problems in piedmont structures, some countermeasures
should be taken from optimizing well track and casing program, using proper mud density, improving inhibitive and sealing
ability of drilling fluid. Good sealing ability can reduce seepage and cut off pressure transmission, enhancing the effective
support force. This is the key technology of maintaining wellbore stability in hard brittle shale in piedmont structures.
How to Approach Subsidence Evaluation for Marginal Fields: A Case
History
Authors: Benetatos Christoforos , Rocca Vera , Sacchi Quinto , Verga Francesca
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the evaluation of the subsidence potentially induced by underground storage of natural gas
in a marginal depleted field located in Southern Italy. The critical aspect of the study was the lack of data because economic
and logistic reasons had restricted data acquisition at the regional scale to perform a geomechanical study. This
limitation was overcome by accurately gathering the available data from public sources so that the geometry of a largescale
3D model could be defined and the formations properly characterized for rock deformation analysis. Well logs,
seismic data and subsidence surveys at the regional scale, available in open databases and in the technical literature, were
integrated with the available geological and fluid-flow information at the reservoir scale. First of all, a 3D geological
model, at the regional scale, incorporating the existing model of the reservoir was developed to describe the key features
of a large subsurface volume while preserving the detail of the storage reservoir. Then, a regional geomechanical model
was set up for coupled mechanic and fluid-flow analyses. The stress and strain evolution and the associated subsidence
induced in the reservoir and surrounding formations by historical primary production as well as future gas storage activities
were investigated. Eventually, the obtained results were validated against the measurements of ground surface movements
available from the technical literature for the area of interest, thus corroborating the choice of the most critical
geomechanical parameters and relevant deformation properties of the rocks affecting subsidence.
Solidifying Mud Cake to Improve Cementing Quality of Shale Gas Well: A Case Study
Authors: Gu Jun , Huang Ju , Zhang Su , Hu Xinzhong , Gao Hangxiang , Shen Binliang , Tian Shanze , Xiong Yue , Wang Qinggui , Sun Dexing , Zhang Wenping
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study is to improve the cementing quality of shale gas well by mud cake solidification, as
well as to provide the better annular isolation for its hydraulic fracturing development. Based on the self-established
experimental method and API RP 10, the effects of mud cake solidifiers on the shear strength at cement-interlayer
interface (SSCFI) were evaluated. After curing for 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, SSCFI was remarkably improved by 629.03%,
222.37%, 241.43% and 273.33%, respectively, compared with the original technology. Moreover, the compatibility
among the mud cake solidifier, cement slurry, drilling fluid and prepad fluid meets the safety requirements for cementing
operation. An application example in a shale gas well (Yuanye HF-1) was also presented. The high quality ratio of
cementing quality is 93.49% of the whole well section, while the unqualified ratio of adjacent well (Yuanba 9) is 84.46%.
Moreover, the cementing quality of six gas-bearing reservoirs is high. This paper also discussed the mechanism of mud
cake solidification. The reactions among H3AlO42- and H3SiO4-
from alkali-dissolved reaction, Na+ and H3SiO4- in the
mud cake solidifiers, and Ca2+ and OH- from cement slurry form the natrolite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with
different silicate-calcium ratio. Based on these, SSCFI and cementing quality were improved.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: Davis Melinda , Duvernoy Claire
Published: August 2015

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a form of heart failure occurring at the end of pregnancy or early in the postpartum period. Women may recover, have persistent cardiac dysfunction or suffer complications and death. Women who are African-American, older, hypertensive or have multiple gestation pregnancies have increased risk. Diagnosis and treatment may be delayed due to similarities between symptoms of normal pregnancy and heart failure. Echocardiography is essential for the diagnosis, and B-type natriuretic peptide can be helpful. Treatment for systolic heart failure must be adjusted during pregnancy, and anticoagulation may be indicated. Even after recovery, subsequent pregnancy confers substantial risk of worsening heart failure. Further investigations into the etiology, duration of treatment and risks for relapse are needed.
Cementifying fibroma - clinical characteristics, histological features and correlation
Authors: Sopta Jelena , Tulic Goran , Mijucic Vesna , Markovic Ljiljana , Atanackovic Mirjana
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Cementifying fibroma (CF) is a fibro-osseous lesion which
produces cementum. OBJECTIVE. The aim of the current study was to further
refine its clinical and histological features and to make
clinico-pathological correlations. METHOD. The authors report 10 cases of
cementifying fibroma diagnosed at the Institute of Pathology, School of
Medicine, University of Belgrade, during 15 years (1995-2005). RESULTS. CF
showed no sex predilection (5 males and 5 females). The youngest patient was
a 14-year old male, and the oldest was a 54-year old female (the average
years were 27.1). The maxilla was the most frequent site (80%). Only one
patient had a lesion in the baseos cranii with invasion of sella turcica. All
the patients reported history of pain and oedema lasting from 3 to 20 months
(medium 10.4 months). Other clinical symptoms were: face assymetry, tooth
dislocation and bulbus protrusion. The evolution of the tumour was longer and
clinical course indolent in the patients with the mandibular localisation
(mandible - 12.3 months, maxilla - 9.5 months). Clinical course and duration
of history were in correlation with the histological feature of CF. The main
histomorphological diagnostic criterion for CF was psammoma-like structures.
Their number and mineralisation of bone spherules varied during the tumour
maturation. In old lesions, the number of ?psammomatoid? bodies increased
with long anamnesis. On the contrary, dramatic clinical symptoms were
described in the CF with stromal haemorrhage and inflammation. We had one
patient with secondary superposition of aneurysmal bone cyst in the prime CF.
CONCLUSION. Differential diagnosis of cementifying fibroma and other
fibro-osseous lesions of cranial bones by histological evaluation only is
often difficult and asks for permanent cooperation between clinical doctors
and pathologists.
Modification of peritoneal dialysis model on rabbits: A pilot study
Authors: Zunic-Bozinovski Snezana , Stojimirovic Biljana , Lausevic Zeljko , Krstic Slobodan , Trbojevic-Stankovic Jasna , Jovanovic Natasa
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Long-term peritoneal dialysis, a well-established method of
depuration in end-stage renal disease patients, is assosiated with
morphological and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane due to
the use of bioincompatible dialysis solutions. Studying effects of dialysate
on the peritoneal tissue in humans is still a challenge due to ethical and
technical limitations. There has been a variety of peritoneal dialysis
experimental models but without consensus on the ideal model so far.
OBJECTIVE. We aimed to develop a new, modified experimental rabbit model of
peritoneal dialysis which would be practical, easy to conduct, relatively
inexpensive and convenient to study long-term effects of dialysis solution on
the peritoneal membrane. METHOD. This pilot study was performed on five
healthy Chinchilla rabbits of both sexes. After i.v. Thiopental injection BP
1G, 0.5 ml/kg body mass, a catheter, especially made from Tro-soluset (Troge
Medical GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) infusion system, was surgically tunneled from
the animals? neck to the abdomen and inserted to the bottom of the peritoneal
cavity. After one week recovery period, peritoneal dialysate instillations
were performed for four weeks. During the whole five week experimental period
a follow-up diary was kept. RESULTS. All procedures were well tolerated by
the animals. The rabbits gained body weight, had normal body temperature and
no complications were noted. CONCLUSION. The presented modified peritoneal
dialysis model is practical, reproducible, does not require sophisticated
technology and is well tolerated by the animals. That is why it is convenient
for studying long-term effects of dialysate on the rabbit?s peritoneal
membrane.
Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis - case report
Authors: Vujasinovic-Stupar Nada
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Pregnancy is a condition in which the foetus meets higher
calcium demands to which the mother responds by higher intestinal absorption
and/or mobilisation of bone calcium. This condition can be rarely associated
with the development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, usually in
the first pregnancy. It is still unknown whether osteoporosis in pregnancy is
a result of the mother?s maladaptation to higher demands on calcium turnover,
or the woman started pragnancy with a lower peak bone mass. CASE OUTLINE.
This is a report of a 30-year old woman with severe osteoporosis diagnosed
after her first delivery (T score L2-L4 -4,8). This woman was followed-up
nine years later, during which period she had two more pregnancies.
CONCLUSION. The appearance of rare, but serious osteoporosis in the third
trimester of pregnancy requires close attention and further investigation of
pregnant women, especially in case of the present hip or spine pain.
Cesarean delivery - Vejnovic modification
Authors: Vejnovic Tihomir
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Cesarean delivery is the most common obstetric surgery today.
Improvement of operative techniques, anaesthesia, care and transfusion has
contributed to the safety of the procedure and expansion of indications. The
operative technique usually consists of opening the abdominal wall by
inferior transverse incision, isthmococervical transverse incision, and
closing the uterus by continuous suture after delivering the neonate.
Peritonisation is not obligatory. The last is the repair of the abdominal
wall. The main characteristic of Vejnovic modification is shortening uterus
suture so the subsequent scar is smaller. The fascia is opened by sharp
dissection, the uterus is opened with scissors at the 20-30 degrees angle,
the neonate is spontaneously expulsed (not taken out), the placenta is
delivered by cord traction with simultaneously massage of the fundus ,
peritonisation is not performed and the skin is sutured with a continuous
intradermal suture. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study is to point out
the advantages of Vejnovic modification vs. commonly used operative
techniques. METHOD. A retrospective and prospective random study was
designed, which comprised 1886 subjects delivered by C-section, a
modification developed at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Novi Sad,
from 2000-2006. A control group comprised 100 patients delivered from 1991 to
2006 by "common" operative technique (s.c. Doerfler, abdominal opening by
Pfannenstielu, transversal incision o of the lower uterine segment,
peritonisation using continuous sutures to repair the abdomen). We used
Student?s t-test for statistical analysis. RESULTS. The modified technique
showed to be twice shorter that the usually used technique, the used suture
material was twice lower, hospital stay was shorter, with blood loss lower
for 30.9%, and there were less complications, which was all of statistical
significance (p<0.01). CONCLUSION. The modified technique proved to have both
medical and economic advantages. In the future, we plan to conduct a
prospective study with more subjects (both in control and experimental
groups) in order to evaluate the number and size of adhesions after
laparatomy by Pfannenstiel (s.c. Doerfler elaparotomies and modified repeated
laparotomies.
Contemporary implantology - challenges, possibilities, limits
Authors: Konstantinovic Vitomir
Published: August 2015

The loss of teeth, which is a frequent occurrence, is followed by functional,
aesthetic and psychological problems. Dentistry has very important role to
enable adequate rehabilitation as soon as possible. Removable dentures or
fixed bridges on dental implants are most modern and best mode of
rehabilitation for the patient. The advantages of implant anchored tooth
restorations compared with classical procedures are multiple. Among others,
there is prevention of bone resorption, correction of the stability and
retention of the restorations, elimination of the preparation of adjacent
teeth, as well as the improvement of the patient?s psychological status. In
order to achieve successful implantation, the following principles have to be
taken into consideration: indications and contraindications;
biocompatibility; osseointegration; the protocol of implant loading and the
assessment of implant success. One of the biggest challenges is implantology
under unfavourable anatomical conditions, as well as the implantation on
irradiated tissue. However, these conditions are not absolute
contraindications for implantation. The adequate choice of adequate
implantological system enables successful implantation under different
conditions.
Cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic renal diseases
Authors: Dimkovic Nada
Published: August 2015

The risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal disease
appears to be far greater than in the general population and the risk of
cardiovascular death is much higher than the risk of eventually requiring
renal replacement therapy. Heart failure is important finding and it is
evident even before the initiation of dialysis; the frequency of heart
failure is 10 to 30 times higher in patients on dialysis than in the general
population. Left ventricular hypertrophy has incidence of nearly 75-80% and
is closely related to heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, fatal
myocardial infarction, aortic root dilatation and cerebrovascular event.
Ischaemic heart disease is usually the consequence of coronary artery
disease, but 27% of haemodialysis patients may have symptoms without
atherosclerotic changes in coronary arteries. Silent myocardial ischemia is
more frequent in dialysis population. Hypertension is present in 80-85% of
patients and its prevalence is linearly related to glomerular filtration
rate. Patients with end-stage renal disease are more likely to have an
increase in pulse pressure and isolated systolic hypertension and they may
not demonstrate the normal nocturnal decline in blood pressure. Patients on
dialysis are prone to calcification of media and intima due to disbalance of
promoters and inhibitors of calcification process. Now, there are no valid
data about the privilege of one dialysis method over another in
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Numerous traditional and
non-traditional risk factors urge for preventive measures for cardiovascular
diseases in patients with chronic renal diseases.
Celiac disease in children - modern diagnostic approach
Authors: Radlovic Nedeljko
Published: August 2015

Celiac disease presents a hereditary disorder of gluten tolerance, i.e. of
gliadin and related prolamins of wheat, rye and barley. It primarily occurs
in Caucasians (1:100-300), while it is considerably or exceptionally rare in
colored races. It is particularly frequent in close relatives of the patient,
as well as in persons with congenital IgA deficiency and in patients with
autoimmune and some chromosomal diseases. The basis of the disease, as well
as the key finding in its diagnostics, lies in small bowel inflammation,
which withdraws on gluten free diet. Beside clinically manifest or
non-manifest enteropathy, changes involving other organs and systems are also
frequently seen. The diagnosis of the manifest form of the disease is based
on characteristic pathohistological finding detected by the examination of
small bowel mucosa in patients on standard diets and their clinical
improvement after the introduction of gluten free diet. However, in the
diagnosis of the asymptomatic form of the disease, it is necessary to perform
enterobiopsy, which confirms the normalization of the appearance of small
bowel mucosa in patients on the elimination diet. In children with gluten
sensitive enteropathy detected in the first two years of life, as well as in
cases in which mucosa samples taken on the first enterobiopsy do not have
typical appearance or are inadequate for a reliable interpretation, a
definite diagnosis is made based on biopsy finding during the provocation of
gluten tolerance. As the quality of permanent teeth can be disturbed, this
procedure is not suggested to be done before the completed age of 6 years,
and due to adverse effects on the growth and development of the child, it
should not be done during puberty. Due to incomplete sensitivity and
specificity, the serological indicators of the disease do not have diagnostic
value. Therefore, they are primarily used in the disclosure of asymptomatic
and atypical forms of celiac disease, as well as in the assessment of the
consistency of elimination diet in cases with already verified disease. In
addition, the application of these tests makes easier passing the decision to
perform pathohistological examination of small bowel mucosa in patients with
provoked gluten tolerance, which also gives a more complete understanding
into the remission of the disease during the initial phase of treatment.
Oxidative stress in human diseases
Authors: Djordjevic Vidosava , Zvezdanovic Lilika , Cosic Vladan
Published: August 2015

Oxidative stress is a "privilege" of aerobic organisms. It can be induced by
endogenous and exogenous factors. Most often, it is characterized by the
production of free radicals and nonradical oxygen and nitrogen products,
referred to under a single term "reactive species" (RS). Oxidative stress is
a deleterious process that can be an important mediator of damage to cell
structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins and DNA. However,
reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) are "two-faced" products.
Produced in low/moderate concentrations as molecular signals that regulate a
series of physiological processes, such as a defence against infectious
agents, the maintenance of vascular tone, the control of ventilation and
erythropoietin production, and signal transduction from membrane receptors
in various physiological processes. Many of ROSmediated responses protect
cells against oxidative stress and maintain "redox homeostasis". Then, both
reactive species are produced by strictly regulated enzymes, such as nitric
oxide synthase (NOS), and isoforms of NADPH oxidase, or as by-products from
not so well regulated sources, such as the mitochondrial electron-transport
chain. An excessive increase in ROS production has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension,
ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative and
immuno-inflammatory diseases. Within the cells, ROS can act as secondary
messengers in intracellular signalling cascades, which can induce the
oncogenic phenotype of cancer cells, cellular senescence and apoptosis.
Virology today and tomorrow
Authors: Jerant-Patic Vera
Published: August 2015

Virus infections are the most common human diseases, particularly acute
respiratory infections (mostly in children and young adults). Virus
infections of the upper respiratory tract in children are proved in 77.4%,
viral bronchitis in 58.6%, viral pneumonia in 47.6% and febrile conditions
with lymphadenopathy in 44.1% patients. Current studies show that virus
infections can cause not only acute, but also persistent virus diseases. A
certain number of viruses are able to incorporate their nucleic acid into the
genome of the host-cell, leading to rearrangement of the cell genes and
formation of malignant tumors. In women with cervical changes, by application
of hybridization technique in situ, the most frequently identified virus
genotypes are human papilloma viruses 16 and 18 (in 21.67%), genotypes 6 and
11 in 8.33% and genotypes 31, 33 and 35 in 3.33% examined women. Viral
persistence can cause manifestations of latent or chronic infections, as well
as prion-caused slow infections of the central nervous system. Defective
particles play an important role in maintaining viral persistence. Viruses
are important agents involved in various disorders of the immunological
homeostasis of the organism. Recent knowledge described in SARS infected
patients indicates that induction of the so-called TH2 cytokine profile can
be responsible for death of infected patients.
Recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of intractable non-surgical bleeding following major vascular procedures
Authors: Koncar Igor , Savic Nebojsa
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Recombinant form of activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has been
approved for use in haemophiliacs with antibodies to factor VIII or factor
IX. Recent studies and clinical experiences have showed that rFVIIa gives
extreme haemostatic effects in patients with severe ?nonhaemophilic? bleeding
produced after trauma and major surgery. OBJECTIVE. We present our
preliminary experience of the use of rFVIIa in vascular surgery where
conventional haemostatic measures were inadequate. METHOD. There were 17
patients divided into three groups: Group I - 6 patients with ruptured
abdominal aortic aneurysms; Group II - 7 patients with thoracoabdominal
aortic aneurysms and 1 patient with acute complicated dissection of thoracic
aorta type III; Group III - 3 patients with retroperitoneal tumours involving
great abdominal vessels. RESULTS. Clinical improvement was reported following
the treatment in 14 of 17 patients in our study. Bleeding was successfully
controlled as evidenced by improved haemodynamic parameters and decreased
inotrope and transfusion requirement. CONCLUSION. More liberal use of rFVIIa
in vascular patients is limited, because there is no randomized controlled
trial proving efficacy and safety in vascular patients. We recommend the use
of rFVIIa in vascular surgery only during and after operative treatment of
thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and
retroperitoneal tumours involving aorta and/or inferior vena cava complicated
with ?non-surgical? massive uncontrolled bleeding.
Recombinant activated factor VII and intraoperative use of cell saver in neurosurgical treatment of arteriovenal malformation
Authors: Novak Vesna , Petrovic Budimir , Calija Branko , Mitov Ljiljana , Rancic Zoran
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Arteriovenous (AV) malformation of brain causes abundant
intraoperative bleedings, because of increased blood flow, which complicates
operative treatment. The use of cell saver for intraoperative salvage of
blood and recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa ) significantly reduces
complications during operative treatment. CASE OUTLINE. We present a 29-year
old male patient with AV malformation of the 4th degree on Spetzler-Martin
scale. Because of the possibility of abundant bleeding, a cell saver
(Sequestra 1000 Metronic, USA) was used, and to achieve and control adequate
haemostasis, we used rFVIIa. CONCLUSION. The use of cell saver for
intraoperative blood salvage and rFVIIa proved successful in operative
treatment of AV malformation of 4th degree.
Acquired haemophilia a presenting in postpartum period - case report
Authors: Mitrovic-Vasiljevic Mirjana , Antic Darko , Elezovic Ivo , Bila Jelena , Todorovic Milena
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Acquired haemophilia A is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by
factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors. Patients may present with catastrophic
bleeding, despite having no prior history of bleeding disorders. Acquired
haemophilia A is a rare complication of pregnancy, typically appearing in the
postpartum period. The patients usually present with bleeding related to
vaginal delivery or Caesarean section. Management includes control of
haemorrhage and eradication of the FVIII inhibitor. CASE OUTLINE. Acquired
haemophilia A was diagnosed in our patient after profuse vaginal bleeding
related to vaginal delivery (FVIII level 2%; FVIII inhibitor titar 16 BJ).
Red cell, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate transfusions, as well as
vaginal packing were ineffective. The administration of recombinant activated
factor VII (rFVIIa) (NovoSeven) proved effective in stopping the bleeding. To
facilitate eradication of the inhibitor prednisone (30 mg orally/d) was
added. After 3 weeks of treatment, the inhibitor FVIII titar was reduced to
50%. CONCLUSION. Acquired postpartum haemophilia must be always considered in
the differential diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage. According to our
experience and reported literature (case reports and small series), initial
haemodynamic stabilization after rFVIIa (NovoSeven) administration followed
by immunosuppressive therapy is highly successful. Thus, most women
presenting with acguired hemophilia A in the portpartum period has favourable
prognosis.
Intraoperative use of recombinant activated factor VII in traumatic unpenetrating liver injury - case report
Authors: Popovic Danijela
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Uncontrolled massive bleeding is often the cause of death of
polytraumatized patients. Massive haemorrhage in polytrauma is the
consequence of severe tissue and blood vessel damage or the development of
posttraumatic coagulopathy. Most often, it is the combination of the two
causes. Coagulopathy arises in early stages of trauma and it is an
independent predictor of mortality of polytraumatized patients, however, its
timely correction can significantly result in the reduction of mortality rate
in trauma. CASE OUTLINE. We present a 15-year old male patient who fell from
11 m height and sustained injuries of the right lobe of liver, with partial
avulsion and lacerations on the diaphragmal and visceral side of the right
lobe. He also sustained brain injuries with presence of blood content in the
right lateral chamber, numerous haemorrhagic spots and contusions in
frontoparietal region and diffuse brain oedema of the right side of the
hemisphere. A partial right sided hepatectomy was performed using the
surgical techniques of haemostasis (ligation, tamponade, compression,
embolisation), circulatory volume resuscitation (crystalloids and colloids) ,
resuscitation of blood and blood components and the application of
antifibrynolitics, as well as oxigenotherapy (endotracheal intubation and
mechanical ventilation, with high inspiratory fractions of oxygen).
Considering massive transfusions, the type and character of injury and
visible oozing, as well as the fact that conventional methods did not stop
the bleeding, recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa ) was given
intraoperatively, which resulted in successful reduction and finally the
cecession of bleeding. CONCLUSION. Until today, there are numerous references
about successful application of rFVIIa in uncontrolled bleedings in trauma
when previously applied conventional methods of haemostasis were not
sufficient. We are presenting a case of successful use of rFVIIa in our
hospital accompanied by usual surgical measures and reanimation of a severely
injured patient with massive bleeding. Based on our experience and available
references, in case of timely diagnosis and adequate therapy, such as
conventional treatment methods and the use of rFVIIa , uncontrolled bleedings
in polytrauma have better prognosis.
Polycystic kidney disease - autopsy review from the period 1987-2007
Authors: Radojevic-Skodric Sanja , Bogdanovic Ljiljana , Jovanovic Milena , Baralic Ivana , Savin Marina , Basta-Jovanovic Gordana
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited kidney disease that
affects both kidneys and it is characterized by diffuse replacement of renal
parenchyma by thousands of microcysts. In time, renal insufficiency develops.
There are two forms of PKD: ADPKD, which is detected in adults (children are
rarely affected), and ARPKD, which is detected in neonates (later
presentations do occur, but rarely). OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to
analyse frequency of polycystic kidney disease, clinical data and
morphological characteristics. METHOD. At the Institute of Pathology, School
of Medicine, Belgrade, there were detected 33 cases of ADPKD and 20 cases of
ARPKD between 1987 and 2007. RESULTS. There were no differences between
incidence of ADPKD in males and females. Average age of patients with ADPKD
was 52 years. In 20 (66.7%) cases of ADPKD there were neither extrarenal
cysts nor extrarenal manifestations detected. In other 13 cases, we detected
extrarenal cysts: hepatic cysts in 8 cases, pancreatic cysts in 5 cases. In
two cases, hepatic cysts were associated with intracranial (arachnoid cysts)
and extracranial aneurysms. The most frequent cause of death in patients with
ADPKD was end-stage disease. ARPKD affects more often male children compared
to female. 70% of children with ARPKD were male. The mean age of patients
with ARPKD was 1 month. 5 patients (40%) had hepatic fibrosis. The most
frequent cause of death was respiratory insufficiency (75%). In 25% of
patients, the cause of death was sepsis and renal insufficiency. CONCLUSION.
Morphological and clinical manifestations of the analysed cases of both types
of PKD are fairly consistent with literature data. Better knowing of
aethiopathogenesis of PKD will facilitate early diagnosis, based on clinical
and morphological characteristics and better management of the disease.
Immunohistochemical expression of p53 oncoprotein in Wilms tumour in relation to histological components, histological types and preoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Djuricic Slavisa , Djokic Dragomir , Vujic Dragana , Basta-Jovanovic Gordana , Todorovic Vera , Radojevic-Skodric Sanja , Zdravkovic Slavisa , Vujanic Gordan
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. There have been only few studies of immunoexpression of p53 in
Wilms tumour (WT), and their results are somewhat contradictory. OBJECTIVE.
The aim of the study was to determine p53 immunohistochemical expression in
WT in relation to its histological components, histological prognostic types
classified according to the SIOP Working Classification of Renal Tumours of
Childhood (2001), and influence of preoperative chemotherapy. METHOD. The
analyses are based on 79 primary WTs treated in single institution according
to SIOP protocols between 1983-2001. For the immunohistochemical detection of
p53, the monoclonal p53 antibody (DO-7, DAKO) was used. Semiquantitative
grading of nuclear staining was done. RESULTS. The immunoexpression of p53
was significantly higher in the blastemal and epithelial than in the stromal
component (p<0.001). It was significantly correlated to WT histological
prognostic types (p=0.039). The exensivity of p53 immunoexpression was higher
in anaplastic components but a difference between WT type of diffuse
anaplasia and all other types was nonsignificant (p=0.10). Five blastemal
type WTs were p53 immunopositive and four immunonegative. There was no
difference in p53 immunopositivity between WT treated with the preoperative
chemotherapy and primary resected WT (p=0.88). CONCLUSION. The
immunoexpression of p53 in WT was significantly higher in the blastemal and
epithelial than in the stromal component. It was in significant correlation
with histological types of WT. The anaplastic component had noticeable but
statistically not significantly higher p53 immunoexpression than
non-anaplastic. The preoperative chemotherapy did not modify p53
immunoexpression of WT which had been found in other similar studies.
Congenital nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Stajic Natasa , Putnik Jovana , Paripovic Aleksandra , Djuricic Slavisa , Bogdanovic Radovan
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Congenital nephrotic syndrome is usually presented with heavy
proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia, oedema and hyperlipidaemia in a child from its
birth until the age of 3 months. Aetiology of the disease is mutation in the
relevant gene or it develops secondary to various infections. The most common
form of congenital nephrotic syndrome is caused by mutation in gene for
nephrin, the most important protein of the slit diaphragm. CASE OUTLINE. We
present the patient with the clinical and laboratory signs of nephrotic
syndrome expressed in the first day of life. Despite the adequate and regular
substitution, antiproteinuric and antithrombotic therapy, complications
occurred and the patient deceased. Genetic analysis revealed homozygous
mutation in gene for nephrin (614del8ins2TT). Three years later, in the
patient?s mother who was in the 12th week of pregnancy at that time, biopsy
of chorionic villi was performed and the foetal genetic material showed
heterozygosity for the same recessive mutation which meant that the foetus
had the status of a carrier. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
family in Serbia in which prenatal molecular - genetic testing for the
congenital nephrotic syndrome was accomplished. CONCLUSION. We wish to stress
the importance of molecular diagnosis in patients with congenital nephrotic
syndrome in order to perform early prenatal diagnosis in future pregnancies.
Dent disease
Authors: Pavicevic Snezana , Bogdanovic Radovan , Ludwig Michael , Samardzic Mira
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Dent disease is X-linked recessive proximal tubulopathy, due to
mutations in the CLCN5 gene. It is characterized by low molecular weight
proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and progressive renal failure.
CASE OUTLINE. A seven-year-old boy was referred after endocrinological
examination where abdominal ultrasound showed nephrocalcinosis. There were
anamnestic data neither of oedema, macrohaematuria, nor polyuria or
hypertension. There were also no data of chronic renal failure in the family.
We determined: proteinuria (1.8 g/day), elevated urinary excretion of Beta 2
microglobulin, microscopic haematuria, hypercalciuria (8-10 mg/kg/day),
nephrocalcinosis, decreased tubular reabsorption phosphate (65%). Values of
growth hormone, parathormone on thyroid hormone were normal. Except
hypercalciuria, which was registered in the patient?s mother, all other
analyses performed in family members were betwen reference values. Diagnosis
was finalized by mutation analysis, which showed S244L substitution on CNCL5.
Mutation carrier was mother with normal phenotype. CONCLUSION. Dent disease
is rare X-linked nephrocalcinosis. Definitive diagnosis of this proximal
tubulopathy which leads to progressive renal damage is not possible without
evidence of gene mutation in renal chlorine channel.
Spectrum of collagen type IV nephropathies: From thin basement membrane nephropathy to Alport syndrome
Authors: Vizjak Alenka , Ferluga Dusan
Published: August 2015

Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephropathy are common causes of
persistent familial haematuria. They are associated with various mutations in
type IV collagen genes. Mutations in genes, coding for ?5 chain of collagen
IV, cause X-linked Alport syndrome, whereas mutations in genes for ?3 and ?4
chains can cause the autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant type of
Alport syndrome or benign familial haematuria with thin basement membrane
nephropathy. In view of the wide spectrum of phenotypes, an exact diagnosis
is sometimes difficult to achieve. Few studies of genotype-phenotype
correlations in Alport syndrome have shown that various types of mutations
may be a significant predictor of the severity of disease. Histopathologic
findings in Alport syndrome vary from normal kidney to nonspecific focal
segmental and global glomerular sclerosis with characteristic ultrastructural
finding of thickening and splitting of the glomerular basement membrane. Thin
basement membrane nephropathy is characterized by diffuse thinning of the
glomerular basement membrane on an ultrastructural level, while by light
microscopy glomeruli are mostly unremarkable. Because of present limitations
of mutation screening techniques, kidney biopsy with mandatory
ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemistry examination for type IV
collagen ? chains remains a standard approach for establishing diagnosis and
determining the mode of transmission of the disease.
Aerial treatments in forest protection – research methodology
Authors: Rowiński Robert Stefan
Published: August 2015

Treatment effectiveness in forest protection against harmful insects depends not only on pesticide efficacy of the product applied, but also on a number of other factors including assurance that a given insecticide reaches the pest living in the canopy. In the treatments with the use of aerial equipment (silva-aerial) it is advisable to consider species and age diversity of protected tree stands. The paper presents research methodology on the assessment of spray structure and density, penetration of spray droplets into the canopy as well as a degree of coverage and incorporation in tree crowns. The methodology proposed takes into account characteristics of the forest area studied and its surroundings, as well as the parameters and equipment of the measurement line. There were determined: operation requirements for the aircraft and its test and registration equipment as well as demands on pilot qualifications, flight performance on the measurement line and weather conditions allowing for conducting test trials. In the paper, there are presented a set of values and mathematical formulas needed for the analyses. Taking into account ecological threats, there were included the methods on evaluation of spray drift of the liquid distributed over the forest.
Cultural determinants of employee relationship management
Authors: Moczydłowska Joanna M. , Widelska Urszula
Published: August 2015

culture context of employee relationship management is the subject of the analysis undertaken in this article. The authors based on the assumption that the knowledge of what values and standards culturally conditioned guides nationalities or ethnic groups constitutes the foundation of people management in transnational organizations. The article contains results of a critical analysis of the concept of Employee Relationship Management (ERM) and its culture context. The research problem undertaken in the article is: how does the cultural and national context influence the process of employee relationship management. On the basis of carried out analyses, it has been concluded that it is possible to distinguish dimensions of culture which support relations building in the workplace. Relationship management with employees is supported by: small power distance, femininity, collectivism and high contextuality
Determinants of building competitive positions of family enterprises – case study
Authors: Lemańska-Majdzik Anna , Sipa Monika
Published: August 2015

The paper presents theoretical and practical aspects of the issue of a family enterprise and building a competitive advantage. The aim of the paper was to attempt to determine the elements building a competitive position of an enterprise and to identify the factors that have contributed to the success, with a case study of a family production company.
The formulation of the strategy in the cooperative
Authors: Loera Marcela Contreras Rebecca
Published: August 2015

The strategy is an important process for change in organizations; is an effort to find an ever closer relationship between society, individuals and their organizations, in an essentially interrelated world. The organization not only has a context but also an internal configuration and the cooperative is not an exempt of this. This document presents partial findings of the study which analyzed the formation of the fishing cooperative strategy in Sinaloa and the factors involved for its creation. Data were collected through semistructured interviews to fishermen whose play the roles of managers in cooperatives. The results indicate that in the fishing cooperative, its strategy arises from the mind of a manager with limited cognitive abilities and limited information, biased and considering the manager’s intuition, and because the members of the cooperative said that the fishing process is well-know to him but he is not qualified to lead to the organization. From the above it is concluded that in the fishing cooperative, its strategies are formed informally, in the short term, from its management capabilities, identifying the need for training programs for members of the organization, so that they will have the elements necessary to formulate and implement appropriate strategies for these organizations