bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Reinforcing Effect of Intermetallic and Ceramic Phases in a WE54-15%(Vol.%)SiCw Composite Using In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction
Authors: Garces Gerardo , Pérez Pablo , Medina Judit , Adeva Paloma
Published: January 2025

The reinforcing effect of β-Mg14YNd2 precipitates and SiC whiskers has been evaluated in a WE54-15%(vol.%)SiCw composite using synchrotron radiation diffraction during compression tests from room temperature to 300 °C. The addition of SiC whiskers slightly increases the yield stress compared to an unreinforced WE54 alloy. However, whiskers are not effective in increasing the temperature at which the mechanical strength of the unreinforced WE54 alloy begins to decay. The plastic deformation process is controlled by the magnesium matrix over the entire compression temperature range. On one hand, β-Mg14YNd2 precipitates assume an additional transferred load from the magnesium matrix just after the yield point in both the WE54 alloy and WE54-15%SiCw composite. The magnitude of transferred load becomes smaller as the temperature increases due to the relaxation process around precipitates. On the other hand, the reinforcing effect of SiC whiskers is greater than that of β-Mg14YNd2 precipitates, although its effect also tends to disappear at temperatures equal to or higher than 200 °C.
Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Hetzler Sebastian , Hinzen Carina , Rues Stefan , Schmitt Clemens , Rammelsberg Peter , Zenthöfer Andreas
Published: January 2025

This study compares the mechanical properties of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) materials, designed for 3D printing or milling. Three 5Y-PSZ materials were investigated: printed zirconia (PZ) and two milled zirconia materials, VITA-YZ-XT (MZ-1) and Cercon xt (MZ-2). PZ samples were made from a novel ceramic suspension via digital light processing and divided into three subgroups: PZ-HN-ZD (horizontal nesting, printed with Zipro-D Dental), PZ-VN-Z (vertical nesting, printed with Zipro-D Dental) and PZ-VN-Z (vertical nesting, printed with Zipro Dental). Key outcomes included biaxial flexural strength (ISO 6872) and Vickers hardness (n ≥ 23 samples/subgroup). Microstructure and grain size were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Printed specimens exhibited biaxial flexural strengths of 1059 ± 178 MPa (PZ-HN-ZD), 797 ± 135 MPa (PZ-VN-ZD), and 793 ± 75 MPa (PZ-VN-Z). Milled samples showed strengths of 745 ± 96 MPa (MZ-1) and 928 ± 87 MPa (MZ-2). Significant differences (α = 0.05) were observed, except between vertically printed groups and MZ-1. Vickers hardness was highest for PZ-VN-Z (HV0.5 = 1590 ± 24), followed by MZ-1 (HV0.5 = 1577 ± 9) and MZ-2 (HV0.5 = 1524 ± 4), with significant differences, except between PZ and MZ-1. PZ samples had the smallest grain size (0.744 ± 0.024 µm) compared to MZ-1 (0.820 ± 0.042 µm) and MZ-2 (1.023 ± 0.081 µm). All materials met ISO 6872 standards for crowns and three-unit prostheses in posterior regions.
Effect of Different Reduced Training Frequencies After 12 Weeks of Concurrent Ballistic and Aerobic Training on Muscle Power and Triceps Brachii Muscle Architecture
Authors: Mpampoulis Thomas , Methenitis Spyridon , Stasinaki Angeliki N. , Zaras Nikolaos , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Terzis Gerasimos
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two long-term reduced concurrent training frequencies (incorporating power training for the upper and high-intensity interval aerobic training for the lower extremities), in which participants performed one training session every either 7 or 14 days, after 12 weeks of systematic concurrent training on upper extremities’ muscle strength, power, and morphology in young females. Methods: After a 12-week concurrent resistance and aerobic training period, participants were assigned into three groups and performed either one training session every 7 days (G7), or once every 14 days (G14), or detraining (GD) for 12 weeks, followed by 12 additional weeks of detraining. Results: Performance and muscle mass increased after the initial 12-week training period. After the reduced training frequency period, bench press 1-RM and aerobic power remained unchanged in G7 and decreased significantly in G14 (−5.9 ± 4.9%; −1.4 ± 4.5%). Muscle power and muscle thickness of the triceps branchii long head decreased significantly in G7 (−9.8 ± 7.7%; −0.9 ± 0.6%; respectively, p < 0.05) and G14 (−10.9 ± 7.6%; −2.8 ± 2.7%, respectively, p < 0.05), without significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, 12 weeks of systematic concurrent resistance (upper extremities) and aerobic training (lower extremities) induced significant improvements in upper extremities muscle power/strength and muscle architecture characteristics. Both reduced training frequencies led to significant reductions in power performance. Thus, performing one training session every 2 weeks for 3 months may preserve 90 to 95% of the muscle power/strength, aerobic power and 72% of muscle mass adaptations achieved with systematic concurrent training. However, greater preservations in the above parameters could be observed if the training frequency is one training session per week.
Hydrodynamic Performance of an Oscillating Water Column Device Installed in an Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Xu Chuanli , Ding Lei , Sun Yuting , Liu Zhen
Published: January 2025

Hybrid wind–wave energy devices have attracted significant attention for their potential to efficiently harness marine energy while reducing construction costs. In this work, the hydrodynamic performance of an oscillating water column (OWC) device installed in an offshore wind turbine was investigated. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed based on computational fluid dynamics. The numerical predictions demonstrate good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. The effects of key factors, such as chamber diameter, chamber draft, and pneumatic damping, on the energy capture performance were analyzed. The variation patterns of the free surface elevation, the air pressure, and the capture width ratio were analyzed. Additionally, flow characteristics and vortex dynamics around the device were presented for better understanding the energy capture process of the hybrid device. The results reveal that a larger chamber diameter is beneficial for energy conversion, and the optimal chamber draft and pneumatic damping were identified. Furthermore, the operating performance of the optimized device under irregular wave conditions was predicted.
Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Considering Unknown Disturbances
Authors: Chen Yimin , Hao Shaowen , Gao Jian , Wang Jiarun , Li Le
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a fault-tolerant model predictive control approach for cross-rudder autonomous underwater vehicles to achieve heading control, considering rudder stuck faults and unknown disturbances. Specifically, additive faults in the rudders are addressed, and an active fault-tolerant control strategy is employed. Fault models of autonomous underwater vehicles have been established to develop the fault-tolerant control method. In the controller design, the stuck faults of complete rudder failure are incorporated to ensure the heading angle control of the autonomous underwater vehicle in faulty conditions. Furthermore, the fault term is decoupled from the control input, and the decoupled control input, along with corresponding constraints, is incorporated into the model’s predictive controller design. This approach facilitates controller reconfiguration, thereby enhancing and optimizing control performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed fault-tolerant model predictive control method can effectively achieve stable navigation and heading adjustment under rudder fault conditions in autonomous underwater vehicles.
A Quick Method for Appraising Pore Connectivity and Ultimate Imbibed Porosity in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Hong Ziqing , Meng Mianmo , Deng Kong , Bao Jingwen , Wang Qianyou , Liu Xingchen
Published: January 2025

Pore connectivity and ultimate imbibed porosity are two important parameters used to assess the shale oil reservoir property, the proper appraising of which could facilitate the efficient flow of oil from the matrix and an improvement in recovery efficiency. In previous studies, the uncertainty in sample dimensions and the extra-long stable time during imbibition experiments exploring pore connectivity and ultimate imbibed porosity showed a lack of discussion, which influenced the accuracy and efficiency of the SI experiments. In this study, SI experiments with shale samples of different thicknesses are carried out to acquire the two parameters in a short period of time. As a result, the pore connectivity of sample D86-5 from the Qingshankou Formation (Fm) in the Songliao Basin fluctuates with the increase in thicknesses, with an average of 0.265. The water penetrates sample D86-5 of all thicknesses, so the ultimate imbibed porosity fluctuates around 3.7%, and the stable time increases with thicknesses. The pore connectivity of sample Y172 from the Shahejie Fm in the Bohaiwan Basin fluctuates around an average of 0.026, which is much smaller than that of D86-5. The ultimate imbibed porosity of Y172 decreases with thicknesses because the penetration depth is so small that the pores cannot be fully accessed, and the stable time increases before becoming stable with fluctuations. The method is examined using the samples from the Liushagang Fm in the Beibuwan Basin measuring around 400 μm: the ultimate imbibed porosity of BW1-1 and BW1-3 is 5.8% and 18.1%, respectively, the pore connectivity of BW1-1, BW1-2, and BW1-3 is 0.086, 0.117, and 0.142, respectively, and the results can be obtained within a day. In comparison, the average pore connectivity of the 400 μm samples from Qingshankou, Shahejie, and Liushagang Fms is 0.324, 0.033, and 0.097, respectively, and the average ultimate imbibed porosity of these Fms is 3.7%, 3.1%, and 12.0%, respectively. Based on the above results, a quick method for measuring the two parameters with thin samples by spontaneous imbibition is established, providing a fast solution for the evaluation of the sweet spot.
Nonlinear Dynamic Response Analysis of Cable–Buoy Structure Under Marine Environment
Authors: Xie Qiufu , Liu Binghan , Zhang Junxian , Zhao Yaobing
Published: January 2025

The nonlinear dynamics of the cable–buoy structure in marine engineering present significant analytical challenges due to the complex motion of the buoy, which impacts the system’s dynamic response. The drag force acting on the structure can be categorized into the absolute velocity and relative velocity models, distinguished by their reference frames. The absolute velocity model incorporates flow velocity coupling terms, offering higher accuracy but at the expense of increased computational complexity. In contrast, the relative velocity model is computationally simpler and therefore more widely adopted. Nevertheless, the accuracy and applicability of these simplified models remain open to further in-depth investigation. To address these challenges, this study derives coupled differential equations for the cable–buoy structure based on the two drag force models. Galerkin discretization is then employed to construct coupled systems that account for nonlinear buoy motion, as well as decoupled systems assuming linear buoy motion. The modulation equations for the system’s primary resonance response are derived using the method of multiple scales. Numerical results indicate that changes in cable parameters lead to complex modal coupling behaviors in the system. The flow velocity coupling terms in the absolute velocity drag force model enhance the system’s damping effect, and the relative velocity drag force model, which omits these coupling terms, results in increased system response amplitudes. Although neglecting nonlinear buoy motion has little impact on the cable’s dynamic response, it significantly reduces the amplitude of the buoy’s dynamic motion. The relative velocity drag force model and the decoupled system can serve as effective simplifications for analyzing the dynamic responses of cable–buoy systems, providing a balance between computational efficiency and result accuracy. Variations in system parameters cause both qualitative and quantitative changes in the system’s nonlinear stiffness characteristics.
Tracing the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami’s Impact on Palu, Indonesia: A Remote Sensing Analysis
Authors: Hu Youshuang , Barberopoulou Aggeliki , Koch Magaly
Published: January 2025

The 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami serves as a backdrop for this work, which employs simple and straightforward remote sensing techniques to determine the extent of the destruction and indirectly evaluate the region’s vulnerability to such catastrophic events. Documenting damage from tsunamis is only meaningful shortly after the disaster has occurred because governmental agencies clean up debris and start the recovery process within a few hours after the destruction has occurred, deeming impact estimates unreliable. Sentinel-2 and Maxar WorldView-3 satellite images were used to calculate well-known environmental indices to delineate the tsunami-affected areas in Palu, Indonesia. The use of NDVI, NDSI, and NDWI indices has allowed for a quantifiable measure of the changes in vegetation, soil moisture, and water bodies, providing a clear demarcation of the tsunami’s impact on land cover. The final tsunami inundation map indicates that the areas most affected by the tsunami are found in the urban center, low-lying regions, and along the coast. This work charts the aftermath of one of Indonesia’s recent tsunamis but may also lay the groundwork for an easy, handy, and low-cost approach to quickly identify tsunami-affected zones. While previous studies have used high-resolution remote sensing methods such as LiDAR or SAR, our study emphasizes accessibility and simplicity, making it more feasible for resource-constrained regions or rapid disaster response. The scientific novelty lies in the integration of widely used environmental indices (dNDVI, dNDWI, and dNDSI) with threshold-based Decision Tree classification to delineate tsunami-affected areas. Unlike many studies that rely on advanced or proprietary tools, we demonstrate that comparable results can be achieved with cost-effective open-source data and straightforward methodologies. Additionally, we address the challenge of differentiating tsunami impacts from other phenomena (et, liquefaction) through index-based thresholds and propose a framework that is adaptable to other vulnerable coastal regions.
Minimal Impacts of Tyre Particle Exposure on Estuarine Meiofaunal Community Structure, Primary Production, and Nutrient Cycling
Authors: Woodhouse Charlotte , Green Dannielle Senga , Foggo Andy , Somerfield Paul J. , Thompson Richard C. , Garrard Samantha L.
Published: January 2025

Tyre wear particles are a significant source of primary microplastics in the natural environment with the potential to accumulate in aquatic sediments, yet our understanding of the ecological impact of these particles is limited. Using mesocosms of estuarine sediment containing a model macrofauna community (Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor), meiofauna, and microphytobenthos, we investigated the impact of exposure to sedimentary tyre particles (0.2, 1, and 5% kg sediment(dw)−1) upon meiofauna community structure, primary production, secondary production, and nutrient fluxes. Under the conditions (13 °C) and timescale (31 days) investigated, exposure to sedimentary tyre particles did not lead to any significant differences in nutrients for primary productivity, with limited impact on meiofaunal secondary productivity. An increase in Tanaidacea was observed in 1% and 5% tyre particle treatments, putatively due to reduced macrofaunal predation. Previous studies have highlighted the ecotoxicity of tyre wear particles. The limited impacts on meiofauna may be due to our experimental particles being too large for meiofauna to ingest or the timescale of the experiment being too short to witness changes at the community scale. Impacts from tyre particle leachates were likely limited due to dilution in the partial recirculation system. Leachate dilution will occur naturally in marine systems and should be a consideration in the design of future studies.
Hybrid Probabilistic Road Map Path Planning for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Based on Historical AIS Information and Improved DP Compression
Authors: Wu Gongxing , Guo Liepan , Shi Danda , Han Bing , Yang Fan
Published: January 2025

A hybrid probabilistic road map (PRM) path planning algorithm based on historical automatic identification system (AIS) information and Douglas–Peucker (DP) compression is proposed to address the issues of low path quality and the need for extensive sampling in the traditional PRM algorithm. This innovative approach significantly reduces the number of required samples and decreases path planning time. The process begins with the collection of historical AIS data from the autonomous vessel’s navigation area, followed by comprehensive data-cleaning procedures to eliminate invalid and incomplete records. Subsequently, an enhanced DP compression algorithm is employed to streamline the cleaned AIS data, minimizing waypoint data while retaining essential trajectory characteristics. Intersection points among various vessel trajectories are then calculated, and these points, along with the compressed AIS data, form the foundational dataset for path searching. Building upon the traditional PRM framework, the proposed hybrid PRM algorithm integrates the B-spline algorithm to smooth and optimize the generated paths. Comparative experiments conducted against the standard PRM algorithm, A*, and Dijkstra algorithms demonstrate that the hybrid PRM approach not only reduces planning time but also achieves superior path smoothness. These improvements enhance both the efficiency and accuracy of path planning for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), marking a significant advancement in autonomous maritime navigation.
Deletion of bZIP Transcription Factor PratfA Reveals Specialized Metabolites Potentially Regulating Stress Response in Penicillium raistrickii
Authors: Zhang Anxin , Zhang Shu , Xu Xinran , Yin Wen-Bing
Published: January 2025

Fungal secondary metabolism (SM) is highly correlated with physiological processes that are typically regulated by pleiotropic regulators. In this study, we purposefully altered PratfA, a crucial regulator associated with oxidative stress in Penicillium raistrickii CGMCC 3.1066. After the knockout of PratfA, a novel polyketide (PK) raistrilide A (1) and the known nonribosomal peptide (NRP) tunicoidine (2) subsequently disappeared. Notably, compound 1 is a rare octaketone derivative and contains two unsubstituted cis-double bonds, demonstrating its unique biosynthetic mechanism. The knockout of PratfA resulted in the disappearance of 1–2 and greatly increased the susceptibility of ΔPratfA mutant strain to oxidative stress, rendering it nearly impossible to survive in such environments. At present, the OE⸬PratfA strain showed no phenotypic or oxidative stress sensitivity differences compared to the wild-type strain. Our findings highlight that the oxidative-stress-related transcription factor (TF) PratfA influences SM pathways in P. raistrickii. The manipulation of regulatory factors can guide the discovery of novel natural products (NPs).
The Exocyst Subunits EqSec5 and EqSec6 Promote Powdery Mildew Fungus Growth and Pathogenicity
Authors: Yin Jinyao , Zhu Xuehuan , Chen Yalong , Lv Yanyang , Shan Jiaxin , Liu Yuhan , Liu Wenbo , Miao Weiguo , Li Xiao
Published: January 2025

The exocyst complex in eukaryotic cells modulates secretory vesicle transportation to promote exocytosis. The exocyst is also required for the hyphal growth and pathogenic development of several filamentous phytopathogens. Obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi cause considerable damage to many cash crops; however, the exocyst’s roles in this group of fungi is not well studied. To verify the functions of the exocyst in powdery mildew fungus, we identified two exocyst subunits, EqSec5 and EqSec6, from Erysiphe quercicola, a powdery mildew fungus that infects the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. When GFP-fused EqSec5 and EqSec6 were introduced into E. quercicola and another phytopathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, they primarily localized to the hyphal tip region. Inducing gene silencing of EqSec5 or EqSec6 caused growth and infection defects, and those defects could not be fully restored under the NADPH oxidase inhibitor treatment to the plant. The silenced strains also induced the host defense response including reactive oxygen species accumulation and callose deposition. The silencing of EqSec5 or EqSec6 also inhibited the secretion of the effector protein EqIsc1, interrupting plant salicylic acid biosynthesis. Yeast two-hybrid and gene overexpression assays suggested that EqSec5 and EqSec6 interact with each other and can complement each other’s function during host infection. Overall, our study provides evidence that the exocyst in this powdery mildew fungus facilitates effector secretion, hyphal growth, and infection.
Influence of Drying Methods on the Morphological Features, Microstructural Properties, and Antioxidant Performance of Floccularia luteovirens: A Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Xiao Mengjun , Wang Tao , Tang Chuyu , He Min , Pu Xiaojian , Zhao Tingjing , Li Yuling
Published: January 2025

Floccularia luteovirens (F. luteovirens) has garnered increasing attention as an ingredient in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Depending on the drying method, the accumulation of metabolites can greatly affect the quality. This research employed an untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) strategy to elucidate the similarities and differences in the morphological characteristics, microstructure, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic profiles of F. luteovirens subjected to three distinct drying methods: natural air-drying (YG), oven-drying (HG), and vacuum freeze-drying (DG). Our findings indicated that the color of F. luteovirens samples dried using the YG and HG methods was yellow-brown, exhibiting a high degree of browning, whereas the samples processed by the DG method displayed a golden-yellow hue and a desirable fullness. Regarding microstructure, the F. luteovirens samples from the YG and HG methods exhibited small and unevenly distributed pores, in contrast to the samples from the DG method, which were structurally intact and characterized by large inter-tissue pores. The antioxidant activity exhibited by F. luteovirens samples, which were processed using the DG method, was found to be significantly superior compared to the antioxidant activity of samples dried using two other methods. A correlation analysis indicated a significant link between antioxidant capacity and lipid as well as lipid-like molecules. Metabolomic analysis identified 1617 metabolites across 15 superclasses, with lipids, lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds being the predominant metabolites in F. luteovirens. Furthermore, KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted 20 pathways, indicating that the metabolism of amino acids could be significantly involved in the metabolic processes linked to the drying of F. luteovirens. This research clarifies how different drying techniques impact the metabolites or metabolic pathways of F. luteovirens, identifying the mechanisms that influence its quality and providing a reference for optimizing its processing and storage.
From Guns to Mental Health and Accountability: Decoding Media Narratives and Audience Reactions in Public Mass Shootings
Authors: Emelu Maurice N. , Brossmann Brent
Published: January 2025

Public mass shootings pose a critical safety challenge in the U.S. This study investigates how media framing relates to public online engagement, focusing on gun regulation, mental health, and individual and political accountability across five major TV networks: ABC, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, and NBC. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes 678 news reports and 7605 audience comments. Findings reveal significant differences in audience engagement based on framing, and in key variables show audiences taking opposite positions to their news network’s narratives. ABC, CNN, and NBC’s thematic framing, highlighting systemic failures, elicits more balanced responses, whereas Fox News and MSNBC’s episodic framing, emphasizing individual or political accountability, correlates with polarized reactions. This research extends media framing theories by showing how episodic framing reduces support for systemic reforms, emphasizing personal responsibility. The study offers crucial insights for scholars, policymakers, and journalists on media’s role in shaping public discourse on gun violence.
Musculoskeletal Diseases: Aetiology, Clinical Implications, Rehabilitation and Treatment
Authors: Farì Giacomo , Bernetti Andrea
Published: January 2025

Musculoskeletal diseases (MDs) are a wide range of conditions affecting bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissues and are among the leading causes of disability worldwide [...]
Comparison of Hepatic Function and Chemotherapy-Induced Side Effects Between Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD), Topotecan (TOPO), and Gemcitabine in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (PROC)
Authors: Dragomir Radu-Dumitru , Mercioni Marina Adriana , Negru Șerban , Popovici Dorel , Săftescu Sorin , Blidari Andiana Roxana , Sas Ioan
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) is a major therapeutic challenge, as it responds poorly to standard platinum-based treatment, has limited treatment options, and offers a generally unfavorable prognosis. Chemotherapeutic agents like pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), topotecan (TOPO), and gemcitabine (GEM) are used for this setting, but with varying efficacy and toxicity profiles, leading to an increasing need to understand the optimal balance between treatment effectiveness and tolerability for improving patient outcomes. This study evaluates the efficacy and side effects of PLD, TOPO, and GEM, focusing on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study that included 856 PROC patients treated with PLD (n = 383), TOPO (n = 352), or GEM (n = 121) at the OncoHelp Oncology Center from January 2018 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria encompass diagnosis, prior platinum therapy, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (0–2). Treatment protocols followed standard dosing, with adjustments for toxicity. Primary endpoints included PFS and OS, with safety assessed by incidence of grade 3 and 4 toxicities per CTCAE v5.0. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to compare survival, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: TOPO showed higher toxicity than PLD and GEM, including liver damage, hematological and non-hematological side effects, while PLD induced more skin toxicity. In terms of survival, minor differences were seen between the three chemotherapeutic agents, with a slight advantage for PLD for better disease control. Conclusions: Given the comparable results in OS across the regimens, treatment decisions should be based on other factors such as patient tolerance and quality of life.
Editorial for the Special Issue of Journal of Risk and Financial Management: Featured Papers in Mathematics and Finance
Authors: Rachev Svetlozar (Zari) T. , Lindquist W. Brent
Published: January 2025

We are privileged to present this Special Issue of the Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM), focused on the intersection of mathematics and finance [...]
Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Land Investment: Evidence from National Plot-Level Data in Rural China
Authors: Sun Xiaolong , Wang Jinmin , Rao Fangping
Published: January 2025

The linkage between land tenure security and land quality improvement investment is crucial given that the land tenure security system is a widely applied policy tool for the protection of cultivation land in developing countries. Drawing on the triple land tenure security framework, this paper examines the impact of the de jure and the de facto land tenure security on farming households’ decisions about using organic fertilizer on their plots in China, based on a national survey dataset covering 2308 plots matched with 962 farming households across 8 provinces in China (Shangdong, Shangxi, Jilin, Zhejiang, Henan, Gansu, Hunan, and Sichuan) from January to July 2013. The empirical results show that the de facto land tenure security affected the use of organic fertilizer by the farming households positively. In comparison, the impact of the de jure land tenure security on the use of organic fertilizer by farming households was modest. It is suggested that the government should implement the policies effectively to promote de jure land tenure security and encourage farming households to make sustainable land investment.
Ecovillages and Transition Towns: Practices of Sustainable Settlements in Urban and Rural Austria
Authors: Yalciner Ercoskun Ozge , Kajosaari Anna , Humer Alois
Published: January 2025

This study investigates sustainable settlements—in terms of low-carbon settlements and communities transitioning from oil dependence to local resilience—in urban and rural areas of Austria. The objectives of this study are twofold: First, to examine the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) and Transition Towns Network (TTN) as platforms for alternative lifestyles for urban and rural planning and, second, to comprehend the socio-spatial factors influencing the development of future transition settlements. This study provides updated insights into the concepts of the Global Ecovillage Network in a rural context as well as transition culture in an urban context. In two case studies, we focus on one Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) member, the Cambium Ecovillage near the village of Fehring, Styria, and one Transition Town Network member, Graz, the capital city of Styria. Using transdisciplinary and participatory methodologies, we examine the specific local contexts of these sustainable settlements. Ultimately, the findings of the study about facilitating participatory land use frameworks can be extrapolated from the Austrian context to the broader European context. Conclusions drawn from the results will inform potential future urban and rural land use initiatives concerning ecovillages and transition towns across Europe.
Sustaining the Fabric of Time: Urban Heritage, Time Rupture, and Sustainable Development
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Fouseki Kalliopi
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the concept of time rupture, i.e., the disruption of historical continuity caused by rapid urbanization, and its implications for urban heritage preservation, using Dongjiadu in Shanghai as a case study. Time rupture highlights the disconnection between modern development and cultural heritage, often diluting local identity and a sense of place. While it presents challenges to the continuity of urban heritage, it also creates opportunities to redefine historical narratives and enrich cultural meaning. By introducing a temporal framework, this study examines the dynamic interplay between heritage preservation and modernity, advocating for adaptive, context-sensitive strategies that move beyond static conservation methods. These strategies acknowledge the fragmented overlaps of urban timelines, ensuring that heritage sites remain vibrant, living components of urban environments. The Dongjiadu case illustrates two distinct categories of time rupture, underscoring the need for sustainable practices that harmonize cultural continuity with contemporary growth. The discussion emphasizes the importance of inclusive practices, community engagement, and the critical integration of technological advancements to address time rupture effectively. By incorporating a temporal perspective into heritage conservation, it is possible to bridge historical continuity and modern development, foster resilience in urban environments, and enable cities to adapt to rapid change while retaining their cultural essence. Ultimately, addressing time rupture through thoughtful, adaptive strategies ensures that urban heritage actively contributes to the sustainability and vitality of evolving cities.
Reflectance and Thermal Micrometeorological Characteristics of an Urban Green Space in the Mediterranean During July’s 2023 Heatwave
Authors: Proutsos Nikolaos D. , Solomou Alexandra D. , Stefanidis Stefanos P. , Tsiros Ioannis X.
Published: January 2025

The thermal and optical behavior of different elements in the urban environment is critical for urban climate regulation and planning. This study investigates the micrometeorological conditions prevailing in an urban green space (UGS) in Greece, during the heatwave of July 2023, addressing the effects of various surface materials on thermal dynamics and the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The research is based on ground surface temperature and albedo measurements on different materials in the UGS, in the morning and at noon, showing great temperature differences between the different types of materials. The findings highlight the complex interaction between high-albedo surfaces and surface temperature values, suggesting that the proper selection of materials can highly affect the optical and thermal behavior of the urban environment. Artificial materials absorb more heat compared to natural vegetation, leading to high surface temperature values, reaching at noon, for example, 58.9 °C for asphalt. For the natural surfaces, dry bare soil presents similar thermal behavior (64.1 °C at noon), while green surfaces had much lower temperatures (e.g., 38.3 °C for grass). Thermal comfort indices revealed that July 2023 experienced extensive “very hot” conditions, imposing the urgent need for strategic urban planning to mitigate heat impacts. The study highlights that in order to create climate-resilient environments and improve thermal comfort, it is crucial to include suitable materials and a variety of vegetation in urban design. Such insights into the complex nature of urban microclimate indicates also the issue of the careful selection of materials and plant species in urban greening initiatives to help cities face the UHI phenomenon.
Monitoring of Land Subsidence and Analysis of Impact Factors in the Tianshan North Slope Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Yi Xiaoqiang , Wang Lang , Ci Hui , Wang Ran , Yang Hui , Yan Zhaojin
Published: January 2025

As one of the 19 key regions for comprehensive land development in China, the Tianshan North Slope urban agglomeration is significant for China’s urban development when calculating the land subsidence and analyzing the impact factors. This study focused on eight cities in the Tianshan North Slope urban agglomeration, calculating the land subsidence rate from 18 January 2018 to 12 April 2023 using Sentinel-1A data and analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and impact factors of land subsidence. The results showed that (1) the average land subsidence rate is mainly distributed between −30 and 10 mm/a, and the maximum subsidence rate can reach −358 mm/a. Land uplift mainly occurs in Hutubi County and Manas County. (2) From the transition matrix, landscape pattern index, and Moran’s I, the spatiotemporal patterns of the land subsidence rate are obvious, with a spatial positive correlation. During the monitoring period, each administration experienced varying degrees of land subsidence or uplift processes. (3) Using GeoDetector to perform quantitative analyses, it was found that the hydrological environment is significant to land subsidence, and human activities, such as road network density and nighttime lighting, contribute the least to land subsidence, suggesting that it is related to the arid climate of the study area. This paper aims to provide theoretical support for the stable development of and production activities in the study area. This approach not only offers technical support but also provides guidance for evaluating, monitoring, and the early warning of land subsidence in the region.
Integrated Evaluation of the Ecological Security Pattern in Central Beijing Using InVEST, MSPA, and Multifactor Indices
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Tao Haoyu , Wang Jing , Zhang Bo , Liu Zhen , Liu Zhiping , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

Scientific identification of ecological sources and corridors is crucial in constructing an ecological security pattern (ESP). To develop an ESP tailored to the scale of central urban areas in megacities, this study takes Central Beijing as the research object. It innovatively integrates the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST), the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), and the Conefor software to identify ecological sources. Seven indicators related to topographic, natural conditions, and human disturbance factors are selected to build the ecological resistance surface, which is then combined with circuit theory to construct the ESP. The results show the following: (1) Central Beijing contains 157 ecological sources, primarily distributed in the western, northern, and eastern regions, with woodland as the dominant land type. (2) A total of 439 ecological corridors were extracted, including 317 key ecological corridors and 122 inactive ecological corridors. (3) The identified ecological pinch points are mainly the Jingmi Diversion Canal and the West Moat. (4) The identified ecological barriers are spread throughout the entire study area. The results of this study are highly significant for improving the quality of ecological security and protecting biodiversity in the study area and other urban centers.
The Influence of Usage and Spatial Experiences on Personal Desirability of a Park Plan: Using Structural Equation Modeling—A Case Study of a Park near a Station in a Suburban City in Japan
Authors: Huang Qin , Shimoda Ryosuke , Jiao Yingnan , Yin Jingyi , Zhang Junhua , Takeda Shiro
Published: January 2025

Owing to lifestyle changes since COVID-19, new needs for various usages and spatial experiences of open spaces have become apparent. Suburban parks and green spaces are thought to be suitable uses. This study used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect effects of diverse usages and experiences on the desirability of three proposed park plans for a major park in City A, near Tokyo, based on questionnaire survey data. The findings highlight the importance of “Nature, Passive, and Healing” usage, including nature experiences and small-group activities. “Nature, Passive, and Healing” is negatively affected by “Gathering and Active” but positively by “Multifunctional and Borderless”. A potential for significant improvement in park desirability was also found by linking “Nature, Passive, and Healing” to “Multifunctional and Borderless”. For those aged 60 and older, the indirect effect of “Multifunctional and Borderless” via “Nature, Passive, and Healing” was large and significant, whereas its direct effect was not. “Multifunctional and Borderless” park usage was also been proven to have the greatest impact on female users, whereas, for males, “Nature, Passive, and Healing” had the largest impact. These results emphasize the importance of designs that balance diverse usages and ensure appropriate distancing to meet new needs.
Fluid Resuscitation and Initial Management in Patients Presenting with Sepsis in the General Ward
Authors: Chang Sung Won , Choi Juwhan , Oh Jee Youn , Lee Young Seok , Min Kyung Hoon , Hur Gyu Young , Lee Sung Yong , Shim Jae Jeong , Sim Jae Kyeom
Published: January 2025

The optimal management of hospital-presenting sepsis remains poorly understood. We investigated the initial management in patients presenting with sepsis in the general ward, the association between fluid resuscitation and clinical outcomes, and the factors affecting fluid resuscitation. A retrospective study was conducted on patients who presented with sepsis-induced hypotension in the general ward. Patients were divided into Less 30 (fluid resuscitation less than 30 mL/kg) and More 30 (fluid resuscitation 30 mL/kg or more) groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. The median resuscitation fluid volume was 500 mL (9.2 mL/kg) and 2000 mL (35.9 mL/kg) in the Less 30 (n = 79) and More 30 (n = 11) groups, respectively. The intensive care unit (ICU) mortality was similar between the two groups (43.0% vs. 45.5%). Twenty-two patients received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the Less 30 group, whereas none received it in the More 30 group (27.8% vs. 0%). Fluid resuscitation ≥30 mL/kg was not associated with ICU mortality. Low body weight and systolic blood pressure were associated with fluid resuscitation ≥30 mL/kg. Most hospital-presenting sepsis patients received less than 30 mL/kg of fluid, and fluid resuscitation was not associated with ICU mortality.
Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Krivova Yuliya , Proshchina Alexandra , Otlyga Dmitry , Kharlamova Anastasia , Saveliev Sergey
Published: January 2025

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is related to the autoimmune destruction of β-cells, leading to their almost complete absence in patients with longstanding T1D. However, endogenous insulin secretion persists in such patients as evidenced by the measurement of plasma C-peptide. Recently, a low level of insulin has been found in non-β islet cells of patients with longstanding T1D, indicating that other islet cell types may contribute to persistent insulin secretion. The present study aimed to test the ability of various antibodies to detect insulin in insulin-deficient islets of T1D patients. Pancreatic autopsies from two children with recent-onset T1D, two adults with longstanding T1D, and three control subjects were examined using double immunofluorescent labeling with antibodies to insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. Immunoreactivity to insulin in glucagon+ cells of insulin-deficient islets was revealed using polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies simultaneously recognizing insulin and proinsulin. Along with this, immunoreactivity to insulin was observed in the majority of glucagon+ cells of insulin-containing islets of control subjects and children with recent-onset T1D. These results suggest that islet α-cells may contain insulin and/or other insulin-like proteins (proinsulin, C-peptide). Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of α-cells in insulin secretion and diabetes pathogenesis.
Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins Orchestrate All Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Bruno Pathea Shawnae , Arshad Aneeta , Gogu Maria-Raluca , Waterman Natalie , Flack Rylie , Dunn Kimberly , Darie Costel C. , Neagu Anca-Narcisa
Published: January 2025

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins dynamically build the buffering and adapting interface between oncogenic mutations and environmental stressors, on the one hand, and cancer cell structure, functioning, and behavior. Aberrant PTMs can be considered as enabling characteristics of cancer as long as they orchestrate all malignant modifications and variability in the proteome of cancer cells, cancer-associated cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME). On the other hand, PTMs of proteins can enhance anticancer mechanisms in the tumoral ecosystem or sustain the beneficial effects of oncologic therapies through degradation or inactivation of carcinogenic proteins or/and activation of tumor-suppressor proteins. In this review, we summarized and analyzed a wide spectrum of PTMs of proteins involved in all regulatory mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis, genetic instability, epigenetic reprogramming, all events of the metastatic cascade, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor-associated microbiome, and metabolism rewiring as the most important hallmarks of cancer. All cancer hallmarks develop due to PTMs of proteins, which modulate gene transcription, intracellular and extracellular signaling, protein size, activity, stability and localization, trafficking, secretion, intracellular protein degradation or half-life, and protein–protein interactions (PPIs). PTMs associated with cancer can be exploited to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of this heterogeneous and chameleonic disease, find new biomarkers of cancer progression and prognosis, personalize oncotherapies, and discover new targets for drug development.
Metformin for Treating Gestational Diabetes: What Have We Learned During the Last Two Decades? A Systematic Review
Authors: Gerede Angeliki , Domali Ekaterini , Chatzakis Christos , Margioula-Siarkou Chrysoula , Petousis Stamatios , Stavros Sofoklis , Nikolettos Konstantinos , Gouveri Evanthia , Sotiriou Sotirios , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Dinas Konstantinos , Nikolettos Nikolaos , Papanas Nikolaos , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Sotiriadis Alexandros
Published: January 2025

There has been accumulating evidence over the past two decades that metformin can be an effective treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women whose diet and exercise fail to attain optimal glycemic control. The objective of this review was to comprehensively analyze all studies investigating the effectiveness of metformin compared to insulin and other drugs utilized for the treatment of GDM. After a comprehensive literature review based on PRISMA 2020, 35 studies were included after a selection process utilizing predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A variety of short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes were assessed. Metformin is a highly efficient medication for attaining optimal control of blood sugar levels in women with GDM, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of weight gained during pregnancy. Regarding additional maternal outcomes, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension and cesarean deliveries, some studies demonstrate a link between metformin and a reduced occurrence of both conditions. In contrast, others do not find an association. Regarding short-term neonatal outcomes, metformin does not exhibit any changes in gestational age at delivery. In contrast, metformin demonstrated substantial decreases in the likelihood of greater gestational birth weight and neonatal hospitalization when compared to other drugs. When compared primarily to insulin, metformin decreases the probability of several short-term outcomes related to pregnancy and newborns. Additional data are necessary for extended follow-up studies, including patients with GDM treated with metformin.