bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflecting on Cultural Training Outside of Cultural Place
Authors:   Alaska Christian College, Hanna Nathan , King Sandra ,   Alaska Christian College
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this reflective paper is to explore ways to provide quality cultural training to the faculty of a small Christian college in the area of blending Indigenous and Western ways of knowing. Although we are using various methods, including a one-week immersion in an Alaskan Native village, it seems that progress towards indigenizing the curriculum and methodologies is agonizingly slow. How can we bring effective change in a Westernized setting with limited opportunities for rich, Indigenous crosscultural experiences for faculty and staff? After researching immersion training, vicarious learning, and simulations, these authors came to the realization that we were missing the forest for the trees. It is the students who hold the power to impact the faculty and the classroom environment. All they need is a collaborative alliance with the faculty to demonstrate their knowledge, culture, and ways of knowing.
Surgeon General Sounds the Alarm on Social Media Use and Youth Mental Health Crisis
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer
Published: June 2023

This Medical News article discusses potential harms and benefits of social media use and what primary care physicians can do to protect children and adolescents and support families.
Unusual Source of Dysphagia in a Man in His Eighth Decade of Life
Authors: Ailawadi Shaina , Jules Polsha , Valencia Damian
Published: June 2023

This case report discusses a diagnosis of arteria lusoria in a man with a history of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis who presented for evaluation of dysphagia and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Reflections on a Posthumous Existence
Authors: Gascho Joseph
Published: June 2023

This essay describes the author’s experience after surviving a 40-day in-hospital treatment for septicemia from Staphylococcus endocarditis on a prosthetic aortic valve.
Prevalence of Crohn Disease Among Pediatric Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Mastacouris Nicole , Strunk Andrew , Garg Amit
Published: June 2023

This cross-sectional study compares the prevalence of Crohn disease among US pediatric patients with and without hidradenitis suppurativa.
Estimation of demographic parameters of some plant species accounting for imperfect detection probabilities
Authors: Martínez‐Villegas Jorge A. , Pisanty Irene , Martorell Carlos , Hernández‐Apolinar Mariana , Valverde Teresa , Granados‐Hernández Luisa A. , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Mariana , Zúñiga‐Vega J. Jaime
Published: June 2023

Detection probability (p) in plants is imperfect in natural conditions due to several factors. This imperfect detectability is rarely accounted for in the estimation of demographic parameters, such as survival probabilities (S) or transition rates between different life states or size classes (ψ), which may result in inaccurate quantitative information about plant populations. In this study, we used previously collected data of five plant species belonging to different families with contrasting life forms and habitats (Flaveria chlorifolia,Mammillaria hernandezii,Neobuxbaumia macrocephala,Govenia lagenophora, andCastilleja tenuiflora), data simulations, multi‐state models (a demographic tool that explicitly accounts forp), and direct estimation of survival and transition rates (i.e., assuming perfect detection) to identify in which species, states, or demographic parameters the bias caused by ignoring our imperfect detectability is more severe. Detection was imperfect (p < 1) for all our study species. In general, ignoring detection probabilities yielded underestimated survival and transition rates in all five species. Biases caused by assuming perfect detection were also large and significant, mainly in inconspicuous life states and size classes, such as seedlings and dry individuals. In contrast, considering detection probabilities resulted in fewer underestimated survival and transition rates, with smaller and mostly nonsignificant biases. Intriguingly, some transitions were overestimated even when accounting for detection probabilities. Our findings highlight the importance of considering that detection of most plant species is imperfect in the field, even in species that are apparently conspicuous, to avoid incorrect inferences about plant populations.
Better together: Building an engaged conservation paleobiology science for the future
Authors: Dietl Gregory P. , Durham Stephen R. , Clark Cheryl , Prado Rebecca
Published: June 2023

Making decisions about natural resource conservation is often difficult because of a lack of longer‐term data, which are needed to provide a frame of reference for identifying and choosing appropriate responses to threats impacting species, ecosystems, and the benefits they provide to people.

Despite the promise the field of conservation paleobiology holds for using geohistorical data and insights to provide this longer‐term perspective, examples of successful implementation are uncommon.

Over the past decade, many conservation biology researchers and practitioners have turned to knowledge co‐production to overcome this same challenge. Co‐production prioritizes collaboration between academic and non‐academic partners to produce actionable knowledge that better aligns with conservation practitioners' needs and concerns.

We argue that the conservation paleobiology community must similarly build collective competence to engage more effectively in shared “learning spaces” where actionable knowledge is co‐produced. We draw from our experiences with the Historical Oyster Body Size project and lessons learned from other fields to identify key attributes of actionable geohistorical knowledge and the meaningful co‐production processes that produced it.

Familiarity with these concepts will benefit conservation paleobiologists and all researchers who aspire to help develop longer‐lasting, defensible and more equitable solutions to complex conservation problems presented by a changing world.
Biologics Initiation in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Race and Ethnicity: Results From a Randomized Survey Study
Authors: Simard Julia F. , Lu Rong , Falasinnu Titilola O. , Baker Matthew C. , Hawa Saadiya , Deluna Mariani D. , Horomanski Audra , Fairchild Robert M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate whether the race and ethnicity of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) influences rheumatologists’ likelihood of choosing to initiate biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) treatment.

Methods

We conducted a randomized survey experiment in which identical brief case vignettes of hypothetical patients with RA were sent to US rheumatologists (respondents). Three of the four cases included some level of treatment decision ambiguity whereas the fourth case strongly favored bDMARD initiation. Each respondent was shown the four case vignettes, with the race and ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White) randomly assigned for each case. Each vignette offered multiple choices for next therapeutic step, which we summarized using frequencies and proportions by race and ethnicity version.

Results

Among 159 US rheumatologists, we found that for the three cases with some level of treatment decision ambiguity, there was little to no variability in the proportions of respondents who chose to start a biologic for the Black and Hispanic variants (cases 1, 2, and 3). For case 4, respondents generally agreed to start a biologic with some minimal variability across the variants (92.6% for the Black version, 98.1% for the Hispanic version, and 96.2% for the White version).

Conclusion

There are conflicting data regarding bDMARD use and initiation in patients with RA based on the sex and race of the patient. This work adds to this conversation by examining how the next therapeutic step chosen by rheumatologists varied by the race and ethnicity of the hypothetical patient.
The Heterointerface between Fe1/NC and Selenides Boosts Reversible Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zheng Huanran , Wang Shibin , Liu Shoujie , Wu Jiao , Guan Jianping , Li Qian , Wang Yuchao , Tao Yu , Hu Shouyao , Bai Yu , Wang Jinxian , Xiong Xiang , Xiong Yu , Lei Yongpeng
Published: June 2023

The rational design and construction of efficient and inexpensive bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are highly desirable for the development of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Although single‐atom Fe sites anchored on N‐doped carbon catalysts (Fe1/NC) ensure high oxygen reduction reaction activity, their unitary atomically dispersed active center faces difficult condition in catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction simultaneously. Herein, a composite catalyst containing heterointerface between Fe1/NC and selenides ((Fe,Co)Se2) is constructed. The obtained (Fe,Co)Se2@Fe1/NC exhibits extremely narrow potential gap of 0.616 V and remarkable stability in alkaline media, outperforming the benchmark catalysts (Pt/C+RuO2: 0.720 V). Experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that heterointerface between Fe1/NC and (Fe,Co)Se2 accelerates the electron transfer and provides more moderate adsorption sites, which endow (Fe,Co)Se2@Fe1/NC with extremely high bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity. This study not only provides a superior bifunctional catalyst for ZABs, but also enriches the application of single‐atom catalysts in multifunctional energy storage and conversion devices.
Enabling Record‐high Deep‐Red/Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence Through Subtly Managing Intermolecular Interactions of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Kai , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Zhang Xi , Zhou Lu , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Cheng Ying‐Chun , Hao Xiao‐Yao , Yu Jia , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: June 2023

Deep‐red/near‐infrared (DR/NIR) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are promising for applications such as night‐vision readable marking, bioimaging, and photodynamic therapy. To tune emission spectra into the DR/NIR region, red emitters generally require assistance from intermolecular interactions. But such interactions generally lead to sharp efficiency declines resulting from unwanted quenching events. To overcome this challenge, herein, an advanced method via strategically managing the intermolecular interactions of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is proposed. The proof‐of‐concept molecule called DCN‐SPTPA exhibits impressive resistance to quenching while delivering controllable aggregation behavior for redshifting the emission by installing an end‐spiro group. Consequently, two emitters demonstrate similar photophysical properties and device performance at very low doping levels; while DCN‐SPTPA‐based OLEDs demonstrate a 1.3–1.4‐fold enhancement of the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) with respect to the control molecule at 5–20 wt.% doping ratios, affording DR/NIR emission at 656, 688, 696, and 716 nm with record‐breaking EQEs of 36.1%, 29.3%, 28.2%, and 24.0%, respectively. Moreover, DCN‐SPTPA‐based nondoped NIR device also retains a state‐of‐the‐art EQE of 2.61% peaked at 800 nm. This work first demonstrates instructive guidance for accurately manipulating the intermolecular interactions of red TADF emitters, which will spur future developments in high‐performance DR/NIR OLEDs.
Bioprinting of Cardiac Tissue in Space: Where Are We?
Authors: Tabury Kevin , Rehnberg Emil , Baselet Bjorn , Baatout Sarah , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

Bioprinting in space is the next frontier in tissue engineering. In the absence of gravity, novel opportunities arise, as well as new challenges. The cardiovascular system needs particular attention in tissue engineering, not only to develop safe countermeasures for astronauts in future deep and long‐term space missions, but also to bring solutions to organ transplantation shortage. In this perspective, the challenges encountered when using bioprinting techniques in space and current gaps that need to be overcome are discussed. The recent developments that have been made in the bioprinting of heart tissues in space and an outlook on potential future bioprinting opportunities in space are described.
Highly Efficient Solar‐Driven Dry Reforming of Methane on a Rh/LaNiO3 Catalyst through a Light‐induced Metal‐To‐Metal Charge Transfer Process
Authors: Yao Yuan , Li Ben , Gao Xiaowen , Yang Yuying , Yu Jianbo , Lei Jianan , Li Qi , Meng Xiangchao , Chen Langxing , Xu Dongsheng
Published: June 2023

As an energy‐saving and green method, solar‐driven dry reforming of methane (DRM) is expected to introduce new activation processes and prevent sintering and coking of the catalysts. However, it still lacks an efficient way to coordinate the regulation of activation of reactants and lattice oxygen migration. In this study, Rh/LaNiO3 is designed as a highly efficient photothermal catalyst for solar‐driven DRM, which performs production rates of 452.3 mmol h−1 gRh−1 for H2 and 527.6 mmol h−1 gRh−1 for CO2 under a light intensity of 1.5 W cm−2, with an excellent stability. Moreover, a remarkable light‐to‐chemical energy efficiency (LTCEE) of 10.72% is achieved under a light intensity of 3.5 W cm−2. The characterizations of surface electronic and chemical properties and theoretical analysis demonstrate that strong adsorption for CH4 and CO2, light‐induced metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) process and high oxygen mobility together bring Rh/LaNiO3 excellent performance for solar‐driven DRM.
Microfluidics‐Assisted Fabrication of All‐Flexible Substrate‐Free Micro‐Supercapacitors with Customizable Configuration and High Performance
Authors: Wang Xiao , Chen Wenwen , Shi Xiaoyu , Das Pratteek , Zheng Shuanghao , Qin Jianhua , Sun Chenglin , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: June 2023

The rapid development of smart wearable microdevices has stimulated the urgent demand for micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with multiple form factors, however, several factors like conventional bulky stacked geometries, rigid substrates, and complex manufacturing processes have blocked their path toward practical application. Herein, a microfluidics‐assisted fabrication strategy is demonstrated which utilizes capillary action for precisely customising planar MSCs, showing substrate‐free configuration attributed to the use of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel in both electrolytes and transfer template. Remarkably, the resulting MSCs with highly conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS)‐based active materials as microelectrodes, exhibit excellent areal capacitance of 21.4 mF cm−2 and noticeable capacitance retention of 88% after 10000 cycles. Furthermore, the substrate‐free MSCs display extraordinary flexibility and remarkable stretchability of 640% strain. Significant serial and parallel integration is demonstrated for boosting voltage and capacitance output, demonstrative of impressive performance uniformity and applicability for different scenarios. Therefore, the exploration of microfluidics‐assisted fabrication is shown to be a reliable strategy for high performance standalone microelectronics with in‐plane configuration.
Medium‐Entropy Metal Selenides Nanoparticles with Optimized Electronic Structure as High‐Performance Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Zhichao , Li Zexu , Ma Yujie , Ding Fan , Li Fengqi , Bian Haifeng , Zhai Qingxi , Ren Yilun , Shi Yuxuan , Yang Yurong , Deng Yu , Tang Shaochun , Meng Xiangkang
Published: June 2023

Development of low‐cost and high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is of great significance in the sustainable hydrogen economy. Herein, Fe1.2(CoNi)1.8Sex medium‐entropy metal selenides (MESes) nanoparticles are prepared via the selenylation of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) precursors. The optimal Fe1.2(CoNi)1.8Se6 MESe exhibits an outstanding electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media, offering low overpotentials of 66 and 216 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. A full electrolysis apparatus with Fe1.2(CoNi)1.8Se6 MESe as both cathode and anode displays an excellent performance, achieving 10 mA cm−2 at a potential of 1.55 V. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the formation of MESe enhances the surface charge density and brings the d‐band center closer to Fermi level, as compared with that of the MOF precursor. Overall, the proposed strategy of medium‐entropy materials presents a low‐cost approach to fabricate energy storage and conversion devices.
The Regulation of Lithium Plating Behavior by State of Stripping in Working Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Xiao Ye , Xu Rui , Xu Lei , Zhan Ying‐Xin , Ding Jun‐Fan , Zhang Shuo , Li Ze‐Heng , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: June 2023

The enthusiasm of reviving lithium metal anodes has motivated the battery community to pursue higher Li utilization. To this end, an exhaustively complete stripping pattern (C‐stripping) is conventionally adopted to obtain a higher apparent Coulombic efficiency (CE) in individual cycles while ignoring the effects of Li stripping state on subsequent Li plating behavior. In this contribution, a partial stripping (P‐stripping) protocol, in which a tiny amount of active Li is intentionally reserved, is validated as beneficial for an improved realistic Li reversibility. Compared to the C‐stripping protocol, the partially reserved active Li in P‐stripping mode serves critically as nucleation sites for following Li plating, which not only reduces the nucleation overpotential for flattened Li deposition morphology, but also favorably facilitates the re‐utilization of the original solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This explains the lower growth rates of both “dead Li” and SEI‐Li+ under the P‐stripping protocol. Benefitting from the intrinsically more reversible Li cycling, the anode‐free Cu||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cells using the P‐stripping protocol acquire higher available capacities in long‐term cycles. This work uncovers the crucial significance of the former state of Li stripping on regulating the following Li plating manner and SEI re‐utilization, providing fresh design implications toward more sustainable cycling of Li anodes.
Predicting rice phenology and optimal sowing dates in temperate regions using machine learning
Authors: Brinkhoff James , McGavin Sharon L. , Dunn Tina , Dunn Brian W.
Published: June 2023

Crop phenology modeling often involves determining variety‐specific growing degree day thresholds, or parameterizing mechanistic crop models. In this work, we used machine learning methods to develop models that provide daily predictions of the probability that rice (Oryza sativa) crops had reached the panicle initiation and flowering growth stages. These per‐date classifications were summarized into per‐paddock growth stage transition dates, which were then compared with field‐sampled reference data, encompassing 15 rice varieties, 10 years, and 380 sites. Leave‐one‐year‐out cross validation was used to provide realistic estimates of model errors. Compared with more complex and computationally intensive algorithms, logistic regression produced competitive results (mean cross‐season validation RMSE 3.9 and 5.2 days for panicle initiation and flowering, respectively). Logistic regression had additional advantages: providing confidence of growth stage predictions at each date (as it is a probabilistic algorithm), and straightforward explainability (as model parameters directly indicated how the various input variables contributed to growth stage predictions). Input variables included accumulated weather, rice variety, and sowing methods. The models were applied to forecasting phenology transition dates of the rice crops planted throughout the Murray and Murrumbidgee valleys. In addition, recommendations for optimal sowing dates were developed, using simulations involving more than 40 years of weather data, with the goal of minimizing the risk of cold‐temperatures during the microspore growth phase, which can severely degrade yield in temperate rice growing regions.
Cellular journey of nanomaterials: Theories, trafficking, and kinetics
Authors: Wang Xiangrui , Wang Wen‐Xiong
Published: June 2023

Engineered nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly fabricated in various fields involving consumer goods, waste management, and biomedical applications such as drug delivery, diagnosis, and treatment of pathological conditions. While these NMs are intentionally or unexpectedly in contact with the human body, there are growing concerns about their intracellular journey, especially considering the therapeutic or deleterious effects after they cross the cell membrane. In this review, the cellular journey of NMs including internalization, intracellular trafficking, and deposition/exocytosis is systematically discussed. This work highlights the accumulation of NMs in cells not only depends on the moment of NMs crossing the cell membrane but also at the following trafficking and exocytosis process. A deeper understanding of the cellular journey of NMs implies that an alternative strategy to fabricate specific targeting NMs is to bypass a few pathways of intracellular trafficking to achieve potent therapeutic effects with minimal toxicity. After comprehensively reviewing the cellular journey of NMs, current progress and application scenarios of kinetic models are discussed. Finally, this review focuses on the bottleneck problems and the corresponding solution technologies for studying the cellular journey of NMs. Recent progresses on the cellular journey of NMs provide new insights into the fabrication of biomedical NMs and facilitate technology development for probing the nano‐cell interaction with high temporal‐spatial resolution.
Bowl‐Assisted Ball Assembly for Solvent‐Processing the C60 Electron Transport Layer of High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Xing Zhou , Liu Fu , Li Shu‐Hui , Huang Xianzhen , Fan Ajuan , Huang Qiufeng , Yang Shihe
Published: June 2023

Pristine fullerene C60 is an excellent electron transport material for state‐of‐the‐art inverted structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its low solubility leaves thermal evaporation as the only method for depositing it into a high‐quality electron transport layer (ETL). To address this problem, we herein introduce a highly soluble bowl‐shaped additive, corannulene, to assist in C60‐assembly into a smooth and compact film through the favorable bowl‐ball interaction. Our results show that not only corannulene can dramatically enhance the film formability of C60, it also plays a critical role in forming C60‐corannulene (CC) supramolecular species and in boosting intermolecular electron transport dynamics in the ETL. This strategy has allowed CC devices to deliver high power conversion efficiencies up to 21.69 %, which is the highest value among the PSCs based on the solution‐processed‐C60 (SP‐C60) ETL. Moreover, the stability of the CC device is far superior to that of the C60‐only device because corannulene can retard and curb the spontaneous aggregation of C60. This work establishes the bowl‐assisted ball assembly strategy for developing low‐cost and efficient SP‐C60 ETLs with high promise for fully‐SP PSCs.
Analysis of isomeric mixtures by molecular rotational resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Neill Justin L. , Evangelisti Luca , Pate Brooks H.
Published: June 2023

Recent developments in molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy that have enabled its use as an analytical technique for the precise determination of molecular structure are reviewed. In particular, its use in the differentiation of isomeric compounds—including regioisomers, stereoisomers and isotopic variants—is discussed. When a mixture of isomers, such as resulting from a chemical reaction, is analyzed, it is highly desired to be able to unambiguously identify the structures of each of the components present, as well as quantify them, without requiring complex sample preparation or reference standards. MRR offers unique capabilities for addressing this analytical challenge, owing to two factors: its high sensitivity to a molecule's structure and its high spectral resolution, allowing mixtures to be resolved without separation of components. This review introduces core theoretical principles, an introduction to MRR instrumentation and the methods by which spectra can be interpreted with the aid of computational chemistry to correlate the observed patterns to molecular structures. Recent articles are discussed in which this technique was applied to help chemists complete challenging isomer analyses. Developments in the use of MRR for chiral analysis and in the measurement of isotopically labeled compounds are also highlighted.
Pelvic + Anatomy: A new interactive pelvic anatomy model. Prospective randomized control trial with first‐year midwife residents
Authors: Pereda‐Nuñez Ana , Manresa Margarita , Webb Sara S. , Pineda Benjamín , Espuña Montserrat , Ortega Marisa , Rodríguez‐Baeza Alfonso
Published: June 2023

Detailed knowledge of female pelvic floor anatomy is essential for midwifery and other professionals in obstetrics. Physical models have shown great potential for teaching anatomy and enhancing surgical skills. In this article, we introduce an innovative physical anatomy model called “Pelvic+” to teach anatomical relationships in the female pelvis. The Pelvic+ model's value was compared to a traditional lecture in 61 first‐year midwifery students randomly allocated to either the Pelvic+ (n = 30) or a control group (n = 32). The primary outcome measure was a quiz comprised of 15 multiple choice questions on pelvic anatomy. Participants were assessed at baseline (Pre‐Test), upon completion of the intervention (Post‐Test1) and 4 months afterward (Post‐Test2). Satisfaction with the approach was assessed at Post‐Test1. Increase in knowledge was greater and the approach more accepted among resident midwives when Pelvic+ was used instead of standard lectures. Four months after the intervention, the improvement in knowledge was preserved in the Pelvic+ group. This randomized study demonstrates that the Pelvic+ simulator is more effective than classical learning for pelvic anatomy education, and offers a higher level of satisfaction among students during the educational process. Medical students training in obstetrics and gynecology, or any professional who specializes in the female pelvic floor might also benefit from incorporation of the Pelvic+ model into their training program.
Addressing structural hurdles for metadata extraction from environmental impact statements
Authors: Laparra Egoitz , Binford‐Walsh Alex , Emerson Kirk , Miller Marc L. , López‐Hoffman Laura , Currim Faiz , Bethard Steven
Published: June 2023

Natural language processing techniques can be used to analyze the linguistic content of a document to extract missing pieces of metadata. However, accurate metadata extraction may not depend solely on the linguistics, but also on structural problems such as extremely large documents, unordered multi‐file documents, and inconsistency in manually labeled metadata. In this work, we start from two standard machine learning solutions to extract pieces of metadata from Environmental Impact Statements, environmental policy documents that are regularly produced under the US National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. We present a series of experiments where we evaluate how these standard approaches are affected by different issues derived from real‐world data. We find that metadata extraction can be strongly influenced by nonlinguistic factors such as document length and volume ordering and that the standard machine learning solutions often do not scale well to long documents. We demonstrate how such solutions can be better adapted to these scenarios, and conclude with suggestions for other NLP practitioners cataloging large document collections.
Set reachability and set stability of Boolean networks with state‐dependent asynchronous updating rule
Authors: Li Wenrong , Li Haitao
Published: June 2023

Asynchronous behavior is significant for real biological systems. This paper explores the impact of state‐dependent asynchronous updating rule (SDAUR) on the set reachability and set stability of Boolean networks (BNs). First, a set of state‐dependent control variables is introduced to describe the SDAUR. Second, a new asynchronous set reachablity matrix is constructed based on an auxiliary input and semi‐tensor product. Third, using the asynchronous set reachablity matrix, several necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the set reachablity and set stability of BNs with SDAUR. Finally, the new results proposed in this paper are verified through the immunomic network.
The potsdam arrayed waveguide spectrograph: A demonstrator of a cross‐dispersed integrated photonic spectrograph developed for the astronomical H‐band
Authors: Hernandez Eloy , Günther Alan , Stoll Andreas , Bauer Svend‐Marian , Vješnica Stella , Madhav Kalaga , Roth Martin M.
Published: June 2023

The Potsdam Arrayed Waveguide Spectrograph (PAWS) is based on an integrated photonic spectrograph designed and developed by innoFSPEC to work in the astronomical H‐band. PAWS demonstrates how a traditional bulk optics spectrograph can be miniaturized and additionally serves as a tool for testing in‐house developed astrophotonical devices. The main element is a second‐generation Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) with unprecedented performance in terms of spectral resolution and throughput that is fiber‐coupled and works as a first dispersive component. The pre‐dispersed light is fed into a free‐space optical system located in a cryostat, where the overlapping spectral orders are separated by cross‐dispersion. The resulting echellogram is recorded by a Teledyne 2k×2k H2RG near‐infrared array. Once the cryogenic cross‐dispersion optics inside the vacuum chamber were appropriately aligned to the AWG coupling optics outside of the chamber, different light sources were used to test the functionality of the complete system. A tunable laser source was used to create an echellogram through frame stacking. Additionally, the cross‐dispersed output of a supercontinuum source was recorded using different input waveguides of the AWG, and first light was achieved with laboratory measurements. PAWS represents a pioneering demonstration of an astronomy‐optimized AWG chip, exhibiting the advantageous capabilities of integrated photonic spectrographs, in particular in the context of space applications.
Vascularization of engineered organoids
Authors: Liu Haitao , Zhang Xu , Liu Jiayue , Qin Jianhua
Published: June 2023

Organoids are biomimetic tissue analogs that are generated via the self‐organization of stem cells or adult cells relying on developmental biology principles. They present tissue‐specific structures and functional complexity, bridging the gap between planar cell culture and animal models to accelerate the applications of drug testing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the current organoids are still limited in long‐term culture, maturation, complexities and functionalities due largely to the lack of vascularization in the analogs. Herein, we give an overview of the latest development of vascularization in the organoid field. We first provide two typical strategies of self‐assembly and engineering to perform and realize the vascularization in engineering organoids, as well as the crucial factors affecting vasculogenesis. Then, we describe the representative applications using vascularized organoids in biomedical fields. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in the development of advanced biomaterials and modified approaches toward building vascularized organoids with higher fidelity and functionality.
Multiple group memberships protect against anticipatory anxiety for social situations
Authors: Donaldson Jessica L. , Cruwys Tegan , Dawel Amy , Chen Junwen
Published: June 2023

For people with social anxiety, ongoing exposure to feared situations is crucial for both treatment and the prevention of relapse. The COVID‐19 pandemic—with prolonged, often enforced, reductions in people's social contact—reduced such exposure and may thus have exacerbated social anxiety symptoms. In this three‐wave longitudinal study (N = 212) we explored whether people's membership in multiple groups could protect against anticipatory anxiety for, and avoidance of, social situations. In line with our predictions, pre‐pandemic multiple group memberships reduced anticipatory anxiety and avoidance at Waves 1 and 2 (June and August 2020). Controlling for participants' pre‐pandemic multiple group memberships, maintained group memberships (from pre‐pandemic to Wave 2) predicted lower Wave 2 anticipatory anxiety and avoidance, and lower Wave 2 anticipatory anxiety predicted reduced social anxiety symptoms at Wave 3. These findings are discussed with an emphasis on how social identity theorising and cognitive behavioural approaches to social anxiety can be successfully integrated.
(2E)‐1‐(2,4,6‐Trimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, a Chalcone Derivative, Promotes Apoptosis by Suppressing RAS‐ERK and AKT/FOXO3a Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Meigui , Li Jing , Ma Ruixia , Xi Jiahui , Xi Lili , Zhang Baoxin , Tian Jing , Bai Zhongtian
Published: June 2023

Background: Liver cancer is an extremely common cancer with the highest mortality rate and poor prognosis. Owing to their low systemic toxicity and few side effects, natural compounds may provide better therapeutic effects for patients. (2E)‐1‐(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (TMOCC), a chalcone derivative, exhibits cytotoxicity towards many tumor cells. However, the anticancer mechanism of TMOCC has not been elucidated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the effects of TMOCC on viability and proliferation. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential and flow cytometry assays were used to detect apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis, the RAS‐ERK and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways were assessed using western blot. Potential targets of TMOCC were detected using molecular docking analysis. Results: TMOCC inhibited viability and proliferation, and induced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, apoptosis and DNA double‐strand breaks in both HCC cells. The RAS‐ERK and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways were suppressed by TMOCC. Finally, ERK1, PARP‐1, and BAX were identified as potential targets of TMOCC. Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that TMOCC promotes apoptosis by suppressing the RAS‐ERK and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways. TMOCC may be a potential multi‐target compound that is effective against liver cancer.
Horsfielenigans A and B, Two Rearranged Lignans with Anti‐Inflammatory Effects from Horsfieldia kingii
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Huan , Lu Zhao , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Fu Nan , Zhan Rui
Published: June 2023

Seven lignans were isolated from 70 % aqueous acetone extracts of the twigs and leaves of Horsfieldia kingii. Among these, new compounds 1–3 were identified by spectroscopic techniques, with horsfielenigans A and B (1 and 2) being particularly noteworthy for their rare β‐benzylnaphthalene skeleton, where compound 1 contains an oxabicyclo[3,2,1]octane moiety. In vitro evaluation of bioactivity against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages revealed inhibitory effects by 1 (IC50=7.3 μM) and 2 (IC50=9.7 μM).
Left atrial disc device thrombosis after atrial defect closure with the Gore® Cardioform septal occluder: A case series
Authors: Kramer Peter , Opgen‐Rhein Bernd , Berger Felix , Nordmeyer Johannes
Published: June 2023

Device thromboses after patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) closure are rare but serious complications. They have been reported in different devices of virtually all manufacturers. Here, we report three cases of left atrial device thrombosis after atrial defect closure with the Gore® Cardioform septal occluder (GSO) in our recent institutional experience. All patients were symptomatic with new‐onset neurological impairments and evidence of cerebral thromboembolism. Device thromboses have occurred despite antiplatelet therapy in two patients and moreover were observed late, at approximately 2 years after implantation, in two patients. One device was surgically explanted while in two cases, thrombi completely resolved with initiated anticoagulation. All patients had a favorable neurological recovery. Our observations suggest that regular follow‐up echocardiography beyond 6 months after device implantation might be advisable in patients with GSO devices to rule out late device thromboses. More long‐term follow‐up data considering safety and late complications of contemporary PFO and ASD devices is required to establish confident evidence‐based recommendations on long‐term follow‐up management and antithrombotic therapy regimen after PFO and ASD closure.
Conversion therapy for massive hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Zheyu , Xu Xiaoliang , Sun Meiling , Liu Yang , Liu Qiaoyu , Chen Chaobo , Yin Yin
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

For potentially resectable HCC, a more aggressive conversion therapy strategy (high‐intensity combined with multiple treatment modalities) can be used.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The best treatment for HCC is radical surgical resection, but 70%–80% of patients are ineligible for surgery. Although conversion therapy is an established treatment strategy for various solid tumors, there is no uniform protocol for treating HCC. In this case, we present a 69‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with massive HCC with Barcelona clinical liver cancer (BCLC) stage B. Because of the insufficient volume of the future liver remnant, we believed radical surgical resection was temporarily impossible. Therefore, the patient received conversion therapy, including four cycles of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC‐Folfox), lenvatinib (8 mg orally once a day), and tislelizumab (an anti‐PD‐1 antibody, 200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks). Fortunately, the patient achieved a good treatment response (smaller lesions and improved liver function) and underwent radical surgery finally. There was no clinical evidence of recurrence at 6 months of follow‐up. For potentially resectable HCC, this case reveals that a more aggressive conversion therapy strategy (high‐intensity combined with multiple treatment modalities) can be used.
A case of closed‐lip schizencephaly with absent septum pellucidum in an adult presenting with seizure disorder
Authors: Khadka Chhabi , Gupta Umang , Bhandari Prakriti , Pandey Prabin , Paudel Shailes
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

To rule out underlying developmental brain defects such as schizencephaly, pediatric seizures necessitate a thorough examination. Adults who receive a diagnosis later in life may face severe management and prognosis difficulties. To avoid underdiagnosis of developing brain abnormalities, imaging should be a part of the workup for pediatric seizures. Imaging is critical to the diagnosis and therapy of such cases.

Closed‐lip schizencephaly with the absence of the septum pellucidum is a rare congenital malformation of the brain that can be associated with a variety of neurological conditions. We report the case of a 25‐year‐old male with left hemiparesis who presented with recurrent seizures from childhood, poorly controlled with medications, and increased tremors. He has been taking anticonvulsant for the last 7 years and is under symptomatic management. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed closed‐lip schizencephaly with absent septum pellucidum.
Insights from Enzymatic Catalysis: A Path towards Bioinspired High‐Performance Electrocatalysts
Authors: Sedenho Graziela C. , Colombo Rafael N. P. , Crespilho Frank N.
Published: June 2023

Enzymes, especially some metalloenzymes, are exceptional catalysts for redox reactions with technological applications in several fields, including energy conversion systems and producing fuels and value‐added chemicals. Because of that, they have inspired the development of synthetic catalysts to obtain high‐performance materials. However, several fundamental aspects should be better understood to achieve this goal, such as enzyme catalysis and the role of the three‐dimensional catalytic site. Therefore, this review addresses key structural and activity aspects of some remarkable metalloenzymes and discusses three‐dimensional catalysis as an approach to enzyme catalysis. Also, the case of the multicopper oxidase enzymes is shown as an example of how the three‐dimensional coordination environment of the copper ions in the active site can impact catalysis.
Explosion Severity of Rice Dust in a Spherical System
Authors: Semawi Nur Hikmah , Sulaiman Siti Zubaidah , Mazilan Muhammad Syahrul Ridhzuan , Md Shaarani Shalyda , Che Man Rohaida , Abdul Mudalip Siti Kholijah , Mohd Arshad Zatul Iffah , Nafsun Aainaa Izyan
Published: June 2023

Rice is relatively rich in minerals, including iron, magnesium, and selenium. In the presence of a spark, rice dust suspended in air in a range of concentrations can ignite and explode. The explosion characteristics of brown, black, white, glutinous, and Bario rice were studied in a 20‐L spherical vessel. Brown rice recorded the highest explosion pressure and rate of pressure rise in both dried and undried forms, while Bario rice recorded the lowest. Brown rice was more combustible and tended to develop a fast flame mechanism once ignited owing to its low moisture content and high volatility, which made its explosion more severe compared to that of black, white, glutinous, and Bario rice.
Phosphorus Dendrimers for Metal‐Free Ligation: Design of Multivalent Pharmacological Chaperones against Gaucher Disease
Authors: Tran My Lan , Borie‐Guichot Marc , Garcia Virginie , Oukhrib Abdelouahd , Génisson Yves , Levade Thierry , Ballereau Stéphanie , Turrin Cédric‐Olivier , Dehoux Cécile
Published: June 2023

The first phosphorus dendrimers built on a cyclotriphosphazene core and decorated with six or twelve monofluorocyclooctyne units were prepared. A simple stirring allowed the grafting of N‐hexyl deoxynojirimycin inhitopes onto their surface by copper‐free strain promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition click reaction. The synthesized iminosugars clusters were tested as multivalent inhibitors of the biologically relevant enzymes β‐glucocerebrosidase and acid α‐glucosidase, involved in Gaucher and Pompe lysosomal storage diseases, respectively. For both enzymes, all the multivalent compounds were more potent than the reference N‐hexyl deoxynojirimycin. Remarkably, the final dodecavalent compound proved to be one of the best β‐glucocerebrosidase inhibitors described to date. These cyclotriphosphazene‐based deoxynojirimycin dendrimers were then evaluated as pharmacological chaperones against Gaucher disease. Not only did these multivalent constructs cross the cell membranes but they were also able to increase β‐glucocerebrosidase activity in Gaucher cells. Notably, dodecavalent compound allowed a 1.4‐fold enzyme activity enhancement at a concentration as low as 100 nM. These new monofluorocyclooctyne‐presenting dendrimers may further find numerous applications in the synthesis of multivalent objects for biological and pharmacological purposes.
The Factor beyond Schmidt's Criteria Impacting the Photo‐Induced [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactivity and Photoactuation of Molecular Crystals Based on Cyclic Chalcone Analogues
Authors: Yue Yuan , Dai Jiawei , Jin Liuyang , Liu Cheng , Sun Jingbo , Ye Kaiqi , Lu Ran
Published: June 2023

Generally, the potential reactive “olefin pairs” in the molecular crystals satisfying Schmidt's criteria could undergo topological [2+2] cycloaddition. In this study, another factor that affects the photodimerization reactivity of chalcone analogues was found. The cyclic chalcone analogues of (E)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (BIO), (E)‐2‐(naphthalen‐2‐ylmethylene)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (NIO), (Z)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)benzofuran‐3(2H)‐one (BFO), and (Z)‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzylidene)benzo[b]thiophen‐3(2H)‐one (BTO) have been synthesized. While the geometrical parameters for the molecular packing of the above four compounds did not exceed Schmidt's criteria, [2+2] cycloaddition did not occur in the crystals of BIO and BTO. The single crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses revealed that interactions of C=O⋅⋅⋅H (CH2) existed between adjacent molecules in the crystal of BIO. Therefore, the carbonyl and methylene groups linked with one carbon atom in carbon‐carbon double bond were tightly confined in the lattice, acting as a tweezer to inhibit free movement of the double bond and suppressing [2+2] cycloaddition. In the crystal of BTO, similar interactions of Cl⋅⋅⋅S and C=O⋅⋅⋅H (C6H4) prevented free movement of the double bond. In contrast, the intermolecular interaction of C=O⋅⋅⋅H only exists around the carbonyl group in the crystals of BFO and NIO, leaving the C=C double bonds to move freely and allowing the occurrence of [2+2] cycloaddition. Driven by photodimerization, the needle‐like crystals of BFO and NIO displayed evident photo‐induced bending behavior. This work demonstrates that the intermolecular interactions around carbon‐carbon double bond affect the [2+2] cycloaddition reactivity except for Schmidt's criteria. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of photomechanical molecular crystalline materials.
Next Generation of Fluorometric Protease Assays: 7‐Nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl‐amides (NBD‐Amides) as Class‐Spanning Protease Substrates
Authors: Maus Hannah , Müller Patrick , Meta Mergim , Hoba Sabrina N. , Hammerschmidt Stefan J. , Zimmermann Robert A. , Zimmer Collin , Fuchs Natalie , Schirmeister Tanja , Barthels Fabian
Published: June 2023

Fluorometric assays are one of the most frequently used methods in medicinal chemistry. Over the last 50 years, the reporter molecules for the detection of protease activity have evolved from first‐generation colorimetricp‐nitroanilides, through FRET substrates, and 7‐amino‐4‐methyl coumarin (AMC)‐based substrates. The aim of further substrate development is to increase sensitivity and reduce vulnerability to assay interferences. Herein, we describe a new generation of substrates for protease assays based on 7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl‐amides (NBD‐amides). In this study, we synthesized and tested substrates for 10 different proteases from the serine‐, cysteine‐, and metalloprotease classes. Enzyme‐ and substrate‐specific parameters as well as the inhibitory activity of literature‐known inhibitors confirmed their suitability for application in fluorometric assays. Hence, we were able to present NBD‐based alternatives for common protease substrates. In conclusion, these NBD substrates are not only less susceptible to common assay interference, but they are also able to replace FRET‐based substrates with the requirement of a prime site amino acid residue.