bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random Number Generation with Quantum Computers
Authors: Cho Hannah , Quinter Daniel , Sheikhattari Mohammad , Klein Franz J. , Clark Charles W.
Published: January 2023

Random numbers feature in most cryptographic protocols, including those securing internet traffic. Most random number generators deployed on internet appliances are subject to cryptanalytic attack. We explore generating random numbers on compact quantum computers.
Impact of cavity dispersion on the Noise-like pulse generated supercontinuum
Authors: Jose Amala , Nithyanandan K.
Published: January 2023

Stable Noise-like pulse (NLP) operation is one of the attractive stable lasing state supported by a passively mode-locked fiber laser regardless of the total cavity dispersion. In this work, we have numerically analyzed the effect of cavity dispersion on supercontinuum generation by NLP. By using a highly nonlinear fiber of length 2 m, we demonstrate a broadened spectrum and emphasize the importance of the nature of dispersion regime in the spectral broadening. A quantitative comparison is also given with the supercontinuum generated by an ultrashort pulse of high peak power.
Investigation of Pointing Error Tolerance of Fermat Spiral Array-based Coherent Beam Combining
Authors: Sankar V. , Maji S. , Linslal C. L. , Sooraj M. S. , Venkitesh D. , Srinivasan B.
Published: January 2023

We report the comparison of beam combination efficiency and pointing error tolerance of Fermat spiral array with the conventional hexagonal geometry for coherent beam combining, which shows that the Fermat array exhibits better efficiency but tighter pointing error tolerance.
Inverse Design of Spectral and Angular Responses of Smith-Purcell Radiation via Aperiodic Sequences
Authors: Nussupbekov Ayan , Png Ching Eng , Wu Lin , Wong Liang Jie , Chong Yi Dong
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate, using time domain finite difference simulations, that Smith-Purcell radiation can be precisely tailored. Spectral and spatial emission shaping is achieved by optimizing a grating parameterized by aperiodic sequence, which outperforms standard optimization schemes.
Design of Silicon Nanosphere-based Wide-angle Shift-free Metamaterial Edge Filter
Authors: Wu Baidong , Wang Zengbo , Chen Yiduo , Yue Liyang , Yan Bing
Published: January 2023

We present a new design of silicon nanosphere-based wide-angle shift-free metamaterial edge filter with an effective working angle up to 60-degree, with considerable optical density and high transmission in stopband and passband.
Excited-state Proton Transfer Dynamics of Photoacids Confined inside the Reverse Micelles
Authors: Jang Taehyung , Lee Sebok , Pang Yoonsoo
Published: January 2023

Excited-state proton transfer dynamics of photoacids becomes independent on the solvent basicity when confined in the small reverse micelles. Deprotonation and recombination dynamics of photoacids depend on the micelle size with the water and methanol cores.
Gradient Refractive Index (GRIN) Liquid Crystal (LC) lens for correction of focus and astigmatism
Authors: Bhowmick Amit K , Jamali Afsoon , Bryant Douglas , Pintz Sandro , Bos Philip J
Published: January 2023

The main two optical aberrations seen in any imaging system are defocus and astigmatism. Traditionally, the approaches to correct both aberrations utilize the mechanical movement of fixed power spherical and cylindrical lenses. In this report, we have proposed a non-mechanical, electrically tunable optical system that can provide both focus and astigmatism power correction with an adjustable axis. The concept device is comprised of stripe electrodebased gradient refractive index liquid crystal lens. Dynamic astigmatism and focus correction are demonstrated upon application of electric field on the designed device. Unlike complex, bulky, and curved shape lens systems, the proposed device is flat, low cost, and low voltage driven.
Implementation of variational quantum classifier with structured light
Authors: Asthana Sooryansh , Ravishankar V.
Published: January 2023

We propose an optical setup for a variational quantum classifier with orbital angular momentum modes. OAM beams upto ℓ = 100 have already been realised and manipulated through tunable holographic techniques, making encoding of feature spaces in OAM modes possible.
Thermo-Optic Phase Shifter for Photonic Neural Networks
Authors: Gebregiorgis Yonas , Papadovasilakis Marios , Chandran Sujith , Taha Ayat M. , Sharma Kanhaya , Bian Yusheng , Rakowski Michal , Augur Rod , Viegas Jaime
Published: January 2023

We experimentally demonstrate a compact and power efficient (Pπ = 21 mW) silicide-based thermo-optic phase shifter of length 96 µm for photonic neural networks.
A spherical mirror Fabry-Perot Interferometer stabilized via feedback from Newton's rings interference fringes
Authors: KC Raju Bhai , Flagg E. B.
Published: January 2023

A grating spectrometer is inadequate to perform spectroscopic measurements on emission from a quantum dot. We actively stabilized a Fabry-Perot interferometer using feedback derived from the Newton's rings pattern produced by a single-frequency reference laser.
Power, Polarization, and Spectrum Mapping of a Mode- Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using a Motorized Adaptive Polarization Controller (MAPOC)
Authors: Martínez-Suárez D. H. , Araujo M. C. S. , Steinberg D. , Martínez J. B. , Saito L. A. M. , Thoroh de Souza E. A. , Zapata J. D.
Published: January 2023

For the first time, we mapped the output power, polarization state, and spectral density of a mode-locked EDFL based on a MAPOC from which a pulsed regime of 1.61 ps and 73.58 MHz was identified.
Optical Rectification from Next Generation Organic THz Generation Crystals
Authors: Green Natalie K. , Palmer Bruce Wayne , Rader Claire , Ho (Enoch) Sin-Hang , Zaccardi Zac , Ludlow Daisy J. , Lutz Matthew J. , Alejandro Aldair , Nielson Megan F. , Valdivia-Berroeta Gabriel A. , Chartrand Caitlin , Peterson Paige , Michaelis David J. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: January 2023

We recently developed new organic nonlinear optical crystals for THz generation. We report the optical and THz properties of PNPA and MNA and discuss how they pave the way for the future of THz spectroscopy.
Jumpy Propagation in non-Hermitian disordered lattices
Authors: Leventis A. , Makris K. G. , Economou E. N.
Published: January 2023

We provide an analytical description of the counterintuitive phenomenon of non-Hermitian jumps in optical lattices with strong uncorrelated disorder. Our approach is general and is also applied to extensions of the Hatano-Nelson model.
Sensitivity and robustness in non-Hermitian topological lattices
Authors: Komis Ioannis , Kaltsas Dimitrios , Xia Shiqi , Buljan Hrvoje , Chen Zhigang , Makris Konstantinos G.
Published: January 2023

Higher order exceptional points (sensitivity) and topological protection (robustness) are two antagonistic effects. We examine their interplay on the prototypical non-Hermitian SSH lattice in terms of pseudospectra theory and its geometric features.
Phase transitions in nonlinear optical Ising machine
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Li Zhaotong , Bu Ting , Qu Chunlei , Huang Yuping
Published: January 2023

We experimentally measured the magnetization of a nonlinear optical Ising machine and observed two types of phase transitions. Our results may have important potential application in solving combinatorial optimization problems.
Low Intensity Pyroelectric Solitons
Authors: Katti Aavishkar , Kulkarni Sachin
Published: January 2023

We study the existence and characteristics of bright optical spatial solitons in the low power regime formed solely due to the pyroelectric effect in unbiased photorefractive crystals. The self trapping depends upon the magnitude of the temperature change.
Germania Glass-Based Negative-Curvature Hollow-Core Fiber for Mid-IR Applications
Authors: Mishra Darpan , Ojha Komal , Appaiah Kumar , Jain Deepak
Published: January 2023

We report, for the first t ime, a g ermania-based a ntiresonant negative-curvature hollow-core fiber with <1 dB/m loss in the 2–6 µm wavelength range which is lower by at least one order than offered by silica fibers.
Integrated Frequency Shifter based on an Indium Phosphide Generic Platform for Heterodyne Detection Systems
Authors: López-Querol P. , Soria-Gómez A. , Quirce A. , Esquivias I. , Tijero J. M. G. , Pérez-Serrano A.
Published: January 2023

We have designed and characterized an indium phosphide photonic integrated frequency shifter especially suitable for heterodyne detection. We report good performance up to 300 MHz and agreement between experimental results, analytical model, and numerical simulations.
Time Shifting Deviation Method Enhanced Laser Interferometry: Traffic Vibration Localizing and Analyzing Using an Urban Fiber Link
Authors: Wang Guan , Pang Zhongwang , Wang Fangmin , Chen Yufeng , Dai Hongfei , Wang Bo
Published: January 2023

The time shifting deviation (TSDEV) method enhanced laser interferometry can utilize urban fiber cable as sensing network, to localize traffic vibration with ultrahigh precision and analyze daily traffic pattern (including 2022 Winter Olympics).
Absorption spectra of retinal molecule, 11-cis in ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions using density functional formalism
Authors: Enshaei Ghazaleh , Fathi Mohammad B.
Published: January 2023

The retinol molecule, responsible for human vision, is simulated quantum mechanically within the scheme of density functional formalism to investigate its possible absorbance outside visible region. The results show peaks in UV and infrared region.
Seeing and seeing through the reflection surface: 3D imaging using polarization structured light camera
Authors: Huang Xuanlun , Wu Chenyang , Xu Xiaolan , Wang Baishun , Zhang Sui , Shen Chih-Chiang , Yu Chiennan , Wang Jiaxing , Chang-Hasnain Connie J.
Published: January 2023

Reflecting surfaces can cause severe errors in depth sensing. We use high-contrast grating VCSEL in a novel polarization-selection structured light 3D camera and demonstrate accurate depth measurements of the reflection surfaces and objects behind them.
Computational Vision-Correcting Light Field Displays with Fast Image Generation
Authors: Qiu Yuqing , Cheng Yunfan , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: January 2023

A light field display with computational vision correction is proposed based on raytracing in an eye model and experimentally verified. An elemental image generation method faster than the conventional method many times and independent of the computational vision correction is then proposed. © 2022 The Author(s)
Novel Temporal Weed Classification with Laser
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Zhong Jia-Xing , Zhou WenJing
Published: January 2023

We propose a novel laser temporal weed classification method. Laser projection on weed is subjected to a deep learning network for classification. The method is able to achieve high classification weed treatment between day differences.
Auto-color-balance holographic display: laser-camera-in-the-loop optimization
Authors: Chen Chun , Kim Dongyeon , Nam Seung-Woo , Lee Juhyun , Lee Byoungho
Published: January 2023

In the holographic display, the color of the reconstructed image usually deviates from the designed value. We report a method to solve this problem automatically by introducing the power of the laser in the hologram optimization process. With the additional power adjustment, the color-balance problem is addressed well in the reconstructed results.
Generation of dual beam with different spot sizes in free-space using a few mode fiber
Authors: Bhatia Nitin
Published: January 2023

We provide an all-fiber method for achieving dual beam propagation in free-space with different spot sizes in l = 0 and l = 1 azimuthal orders.
Spectral Analysis of Re-parameterized Light Field and Its Application in Light Field Denoising
Authors: Wang Tiantian , He Di , Liu Chang , Qiu Jun
Published: January 2023

Appropriate parameterization of the light field data can make the spectrum support of the light field more compact, which is conducive to improve the effect of light field denoising especially for high level noise.
Modeling D15 test sequences in red–green anomalous trichromacy
Authors: Trukša Renārs , Fomins Sergejs , Jansone-Langina Zane , Dzenis Jānis
Published: January 2023

Color arrangement tests such as the D15 test can be used to detect congenital and acquired color vision defects. However, the D15 test cannot be used as the only test to assess color vision because of its relatively low sensitivity in less severe cases of color vision deficiency. In this study, we attempted to determine D15 cap arrangements for red/green anomalous trichromats with varying degrees of severity of color vision deficiency. The color coordinates of D15 test caps corresponding to a particular type and severity of color vision deficiency were determined using the model proposed by Yaguchi et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35, B278 (2018)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.35.00B278]. The arrangement of the color caps was modeled by assuming that individuals with color vision deficiency would arrange the D15 test caps judging by color differences perceived by them. The proposed simulation correctly predicts the increase in severity of color vision deficiency with spectral reduction between the L- and M-cone photopigments. The type of color vision deficiency is correctly predicted with few exceptions in protanomalous trichromats.
Water salinity measurement using a long-period grating and optical time-domain reflectometry
Authors: Jucá Marco Aurélio , Pereira Isabela Victória C. , Spelta Pedro C. G. , dos Santos Alexandre Bessa
Published: January 2023

Salinity is a key variable in understanding several issues, from public health to food security. Measuring salinity in situ is traditionally done using conductivimetric methods, and can be challenging due to extreme temperatures, corrosive environment, and oxidation. Fiber-based methods and other alternatives proposed to date have brought a number of advantages, but present low sensor strength, complex or expensive setups, cross-influence of temperature, lack of portability, or prohibitively long response times. This work presents a simple, compact salinity sensing system that, associated with a modern interrogation technique, is capable of achieving good accuracy even in remote sensing and low salt concentrations. The sensor is a long-period grating fabricated using the point-by-point electric arc method. The interrogator is based on optical time-domain reflectometry aided by signal processing techniques inspired by audio processing. Experimental data show that the system is capable of estimating salinity in the range from 0 g/L to 80 g/L within 0.49 g/L on average, with the sensor 4 km away from the light source.
Direct imaging of photonic band-edge states in golden Vogel spirals using photoemission electron microscopy
Authors: Aeschlimann Martin , Brixner Tobias , Fenner Felix , Frisch Benjamin , Folge Patrick , Hartelt Michael , Hensen Matthias , Loeber Thomas H. , Pfeiffer Walter , Pres Sebastian , Stannowski Bernd
Published: January 2023

Golden Vogel spirals, as deterministic aperiodic structures, support isotropic photonic band gaps and have interesting applications. Localized modes, such as band-edge states, are essential for tailored light–matter interaction. Here we report imaging of such modes using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). Tunable ultrashort light pulses excite them in golden Vogel spirals that were fabricated by focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling of an a-Si:H layer. The local near-field leads to electron emission, which is detected spatially resolved. The demonstration of FIB-textured a-Si:H as photonic material and the ability of mode imaging by PEEM offers means to spatiotemporally resolve mode dynamics and to perform nanospectroscopy.
Quantum Amplification of Energy Transfer in Cavity QED by a Parametric Drive Induced Long-lived Mode
Authors: Nair Jayakrishnan M. P. , Mukhopadhyay Debsuvra , Agarwal G. S.
Published: January 2023

Cavity-mediated coupling can lead to remote exchange of energy between two spatially separated bosonic modes. Here, we demonstrate how the application of a two-photon parametric drive to the cavity can bring about a prodigious enhancement in this transfer efficiency.
HEVC extension for phase hologram compression
Authors: Oh Kwan-Jung , Ban Hyunmin , Choi Seungmi , Ko Hyunsuk , Kim Hui Yong
Published: January 2023

Compressing digital holograms have growing attention nowadays due to their huge amount of original data sizes. Although many progresses have been reported for full-complex holograms, the coding performance for phase-only holograms (POHs) has been quite limited so far. In this paper, we present a very efficient compression method for POHs. It extends the conventional video coding standard HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) in such a way that the standard can be able to compress not only the natural images but also the phase images effectively. First, we suggest a proper way to calculate differences, distances and clipped values for phase signals by considering the inherent periodicity of phases. Then, some of the HEVC encoding and decoding processes are modified accordingly. The experimental results show that the proposed extension significantly outperforms the original HEVC for POH video sequences; specifically, average BD-rate reductions of 63.3% and 65.5% are achieved in phase domain and numerical reconstruction domain, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the modified encoding & decoding processes are very minimal and also applicable to the VVC (Versatile Video Coding), which is a successor of the HEVC.
Fast algorithm of single frequency-swept interferometry for the dynamic axial clearance measurement of high-speed rotating machinery
Authors: Ren Yilin , Hao Liu , Peng Zhang , Lei Xiaohua , Liu Xianming , Chen Weimin
Published: January 2023

Utilizing the periodicity of the rotating machinery, dynamic clearance measurement can be achieved with a single swept light source without any additional auxiliary devices, which has the advantages of simplicity and reliability. However, there is a shortcoming that previous algorithm is not fast enough to achieve real-time measurement when the machinery rotates at high speed. Aiming at this shortcoming, utilizing the correlation between mimic signal and measurement signal, combined with information for multiple periods, the fast algorithms and dynamic clearance corrected model were proposed. And the relationship between demodulation speed and cycle numbers was also discussed. Simulation was carried out to discuss the influence of different algorithm on the demodulation speed and accuracy. A test system was set up in the simulated environment for clearance measurement, and the results show that, the demodulation time of the proposed algorithm costs decreased dramatically, the speed has increased by about ten times, and the dynamic clearance measurement error is less than 2 µm.
Topological plasmons in stacked graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Xia Sheng-Xuan , Zhang Di , Zheng Zizhuo , Zhai Xiang , Li Hongju , Liu Jian-Qiang , Wang Ling-Ling , Wen Shuang-Chun
Published: January 2023

In this Letter, we theoretically study the topological plasmons in Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model-based graphene nanoribbon (GNR) layers. We find that for the one-dimensional (1D) stacked case, only two topological modes with the field localized in the top or bottom layer are predicted to exist by the Zak phase. When we further expand the stacked 1D GNR layers to two-dimensional (2D) arrays in the in-plane direction, the topology is then characterized by the 2D Zak phase, which predicts the emergence of three kinds of topological modes: topological edge, surface, and corner modes. For a 2D ribbon array with Nx × Ny units, there are 4(Ny − 1), 4(Nx − 1), and 4 topological edge, surface, and corner modes, and the field is highly localized at the edge/surface/corner ribbons. This work offers a platform to realize topological modes in GNRs and could be important for the design of topological photonic devices such as lasers and sensors.
Atp7b-dependent choroid plexus dysfunction causes transient copper deficit and metabolic changes in the developing mouse brain
Authors: Washington-Hughes Clorissa L. , Roy Shubhrajit , Seneviratne Herana Kamal , Karuppagounder Senthilkumar S. , Morel Yulemni , Jones Jace W. , Zak Alex , Xiao Tong , Boronina Tatiana N. , Cole Robert N. , Bumpus Namandjé N. , Chang Christopher J. , Dawson Ted M. , Lutsenko Svetlana
Published: January 2023

Copper (Cu) has a multifaceted role in brain development, function, and metabolism. Two homologous Cu transporters, Atp7a (Menkes disease protein) and Atp7b (Wilson disease protein), maintain Cu homeostasis in the tissue. Atp7a mediates Cu entry into the brain and activates Cu-dependent enzymes, whereas the role of Atp7b is less clear. We show that during postnatal development Atp7b is necessary for normal morphology and function of choroid plexus (ChPl). Inactivation of Atp7b causes reorganization of ChPl’ cytoskeleton and cell-cell contacts, loss of Slc31a1 from the apical membrane, and a decrease in the length and number of microvilli and cilia. In ChPl lacking Atp7b, Atp7a is upregulated but remains intracellular, which limits Cu transport into the brain and results in significant Cu deficit, which is reversed only in older animals. Cu deficiency is associated with down-regulation of Atp7a in locus coeruleus and catecholamine imbalance, despite normal expression of dopamine-β-hydroxylase. In addition, there are notable changes in the brain lipidome, which can be attributed to inhibition of diacylglyceride-to-phosphatidylethanolamine conversion. These results identify the new role for Atp7b in developing brain and identify metabolic changes that could be exacerbated by Cu chelation therapy.
Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against general SARS-CoV-2 infection from the omicron variant: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rennert Lior , Ma Zichen , McMahan Christopher S. , Dean Delphine
Published: January 2023

We aim to estimate the effectiveness of 2-dose and 3-dose mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) against general Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (asymptomatic or symptomatic) caused by the omicron BA.1 variant. This propensity-score matched retrospective cohort study takes place in a large public university undergoing weekly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) testing in South Carolina, USA. The population consists of 24,145 university students and employees undergoing weekly Covid-19 testing between January 3rdand January 31st, 2022. The analytic sample was constructed via propensity score matching on vaccination status: unvaccinated, completion of 2-dose mRNA series (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) within the previous 5 months, and receipt of mRNA booster dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) within the previous 5 months. The resulting analytic sample consists of 1,944 university students (mean [SD] age, 19.64 [1.42] years, 66.4% female, 81.3% non-Hispanic White) and 658 university employees (mean [SD] age, 43.05 [12.22] years, 64.7% female, 83.3% non-Hispanic White). Booster protection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection was 66.4% among employees (95% CI: 46.1–79.0%;P< .001) and 45.4% among students (95% CI: 30.0–57.4%;P< .001). Compared to the 2-dose mRNA series, estimated increase in protection from the booster dose was 40.8% among employees (P= .024) and 37.7% among students (P= .001). We did not have enough evidence to conclude a statistically significant protective effect of the 2-dose mRNA vaccination series, nor did we have enough evidence to conclude that protection waned in the 5-month period after receipt of the 2ndor 3rdmRNA dose. Furthermore, we did not find evidence that protection varied by manufacturer. We conclude that in adults 18–65 years of age, Covid-19 mRNA booster doses offer moderate protection against general SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the omicron variant and provide a substantial increase in protection relative to the 2-dose mRNA vaccination series.
Healthy lifestyle behaviors, mediating biomarkers, and risk of microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study
Authors: Geng Tingting , Zhu Kai , Lu Qi , Wan Zhenzhen , Chen Xue , Liu Liegang , Pan An , Liu Gang
Published: January 2023

Background

The influence of overall lifestyle behaviors on diabetic microvascular complications remains unknown. In addition, the potential mediating biomarkers underlying the association is unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations of the combined lifestyle factors with risks of total and individual microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to explore the potential mediation effects of metabolic biomarkers.

Methods and findings

This retrospective cohort study included 15,104 patients with T2D free of macro- and microvascular complications at baseline (2006 to 2010) from the UK Biobank. Healthy lifestyle behaviors included noncurrent smoking, recommended waist circumference, regular physical activity, healthy diet, and moderate alcohol drinking. Outcomes were ascertained using electronic health records. Over a median of 8.1 years of follow-up, 1,296 cases of the composite microvascular complications occurred, including 558 diabetic retinopathy, 625 diabetic kidney disease, and 315 diabetic neuropathy, with some patients having 2 or 3 microvascular complications simultaneously. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, history of hypertension, glycemic control, and medication histories, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for the participants adhering 4 to 5 low-risk lifestyle behaviors versus 0 to 1 were 0.65 (0.46, 0.91) for diabetic retinopathy, 0.43 (0.30, 0.61) for diabetic kidney disease, 0.46 (0.29, 0.74) for diabetic neuropathy, and 0.54 (0.43, 0.68) for the composite outcome (all Ps-trend ≤0.01). Further, the population-attributable fraction (95% CIs) of diabetic microvascular complications for poor adherence to the overall healthy lifestyle (<4 low-risk factors) ranged from 25.3% (10.0%, 39.4%) to 39.0% (17.7%, 56.8%). In addition, albumin, HDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A, C-reactive protein, and HbA1c collectively explained 23.20% (12.70%, 38.50%) of the associations between overall lifestyle behaviors and total diabetic microvascular complications. The key limitation of the current analysis was the potential underreporting of microvascular complications because the cases were identified via electronic health records.

Conclusions

Adherence to overall healthy lifestyle behaviors was associated with a significantly lower risk of microvascular complications in patients with T2D, and the favorable associations were partially mediated through improving biomarkers of glycemic control, systemic inflammation, liver function, and lipid profile.
Using canavanine resistance to measure mutation rates in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Pai Chen-Chun , Heitzer Ellen , Bertrand Sibyl , Toumazou Sophia , Humphrey Timothy C. , Kearsey Stephen E.
Published: January 2023

We constructed a panel of S. pombe strains expressing DNA polymerase ε variants associated with cancer, specifically POLES297F, POLEV411L, POLEL424V, POLES459F, and used these to compare mutation rates determined by canavanine resistance with other selective methods. Canavanine-resistance mutation rates are broadly similar to those seen with reversion of the ade-485 mutation to adenine prototrophy, but lower than 5-fluoroorotic acid (FOA)-resistance rates (inactivation of ura4+ or ura5+ genes). Inactivation of several genes has been associated with canavanine resistance in S. pombe but surprisingly whole genome sequencing showed that 8/8 spontaneous canavanine-resistant mutants have an R175C mutation in the any1/arn1 gene. This gene encodes an α-arrestin-like protein involved in mediating Pub1 ubiquitylation of target proteins, and the phenotypic resistance to canavanine by this single mutation is similar to that shown by the original “can1-1” strain, which also has the any1R175C mutation. Some of the spontaneous mutants have additional mutations in arginine transporters, suggesting that this may marginally increase resistance to canavanine. The any1R175C strain showed internalisation of the Cat1 arginine transporter as previously reported, explaining the canavanine-resistance phenotype.
Cultural adaptation and validation of the “Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire” for the Portuguese population
Authors: Santos Paula Clara , Maciel Leonardo Y. S. , Abreu Sandra , Mesquita Ana Rita , Mesquita Cristina Carvalho , Lopes Sofia , Mota Jorge
Published: January 2023

Background

The lack of instruments to assess the level of physical activity in pregnant women, led to the development of the PPAQ (Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire), a self-administered questionnaire, which has already been translated in several countries and has already been used in several studies.

Aim(s)

Translate and adapt the PPAQ into Portuguese and test its reliability and validity.

Methods

An analytical observational study was carried out. Linguistic and semantic equivalence was performed through translation and back-translation and content validity was tested by a panel of experts. To test reliability, a test-retest was performed on a sample of 184 pregnant women, with an interval of 7 days and the ICC was used. To test the criterion validity, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used between the PPAQ and the accelerometer, in a sample of 226 pregnant women.

Findings

The questionnaire was considered comprehensive. The ICC values of Reliability were: total score (0.77); sedentary activities (0.87); light-intensity activities (0.76); moderate-intensity activities (0.76); vigorous-intensity activities (0.70). For criterion validity was obtained a coefficient correlation of r = -0.030, considered weak and negative, for total activity.

Discussion

This study describes the translation and validation process of the PPAQ questionnaire from English to Portuguese. The final version of the PPAQ was considered as a valid instrument in terms of content to measure physical activity and was referred to as being simple to apply and easy to understand.

Conclusion

The PPAQ has content validity, excellent reliability and weak criterion validity, as in the original version.
Sleep disordered breathing has minimal association with retinal microvascular diameters in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort
Authors: Kairaitis Kristina , Amis Terence C. , Perri Rita , Lee Sharon , Drury Anne , Lambeth Christopher , Mitchell Paul , Lindley Richard I. , Wheatley John R.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase stroke risk; retinal arteriolar (central retinal arteriolar equivalent, CRAE) diameter narrowing and/or retinal venular (central retinal venule equivalent, CRVE) widening may predict stroke. We examined relationships between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and CRAE and CRVE and in a diabetes-free sleep clinic cohort.

Methods

Patients for SDB assessment were recruited (Main Group, n = 264, age: 58.5 ± 8.9 yrs [mean ± SD]; males: 141) for in-laboratory polysomnography (standard metrics, eg apnea hypopnea index, AHI) and retinal photographs (evening and morning). A more severe SDB sub-group (n = 85) entered a 12-month cardiovascular risk factor minimisation (hypertension/hypercholesterolemia control; RFM) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intervention (RFM/CPAP Sub-Group); successfully completed by n = 66 (AHI = 32.4 [22.1–45.3] events/hour, median[IQR]). Univariate (Spearman’s correlation, t-test) and multiple linear regression models examined non-SDB and SDB associations with CRAE and CRVE measures.

Results

Main Group: Evening CRAE predictors were: systolic blood pressure (0.18μm decrease per mmHg, p = 0.001), age (2.47μm decrease per decade, p = 0.012), Caucasian ethnicity (4.45 μm versus non-Caucasian, p = 0.011), height (0.24 μm decrease per cm increase, p = 0.005) and smoking history (3.08 μm increase, p = 0.052). Evening CRVE predictors were: Caucasian ethnicity (11.52 μm decrease versus non-Caucasian, p>0.001), diastolic blood pressure (0.34 μm increase in CRVE per mmHg, p = 0.001), hypertension history (6.5 μm decrease, p = 0.005), and smoking history (4.6 μm increase, p = 0.034). No SDB metric (all p>0.08) predicted CRAE or CRVE measures. RFM/CPAP Sub-Group: A one-unit increase in ln(AHI+1) was associated with a 0.046μm increase in CRAE (n = 85; p = 0.029). Mean evening CRAE and CRVE values did not change across the intervention (n = 66), but evening CRVE decreased ~6.0 μm for individuals with AHI >30 events/hr.

Conclusion

No major SDB associations with CRAE or CRVE were identified, although the RFM/CPAP intervention reduced evening CRVE for severe OSA patients. Implications for cerebro-vascular disease risk remain uncertain.

Trial registration

The protocol was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial Id: ACTRN12620000694910).
Generalizing the isothermal efficiency by using Gaussian distributions
Authors: Schneider Thomas D.
Published: January 2023

Unlike the Carnot heat engine efficiency published in 1824, an isothermal efficiency derived from thermodynamics and information theory can be applied to biological systems. The original approach by Pierce and Cutler in 1959 to derive the isothermal efficiency equation came from Shannon’s channel capacity of 1949 and from Felker’s 1952 determination of the minimum energy dissipation needed to gain a bit. In 1991 and 2010 Schneider showed how the isothermal efficiency equation can be applied to molecular machines and that this can be used to explain why several molecular machines are 70% efficient. Surprisingly, some macroscopic biological systems, such as whole ecosystems, are also 70% efficient but it is hard to see how this could be explained by a thermodynamic and molecular theory. The thesis of this paper is that the isothermal efficiency can be derived without using thermodynamics by starting from a set of independent Gaussian distributions. This novel derivation generalizes the isothermal efficiency equation for use at all levels of biology, from molecules to ecosystems.
Cognitive reflection test: The effects of the items sequence on scores and response time
Authors: Otero Inmaculada , Alonso Pamela
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to expand the literature on the determinants of the Cognitive Reflection Test scores, exploring the effects that the items sequence has on (1) Cognitive Reflection Test scores, (2) response time, (3) the relationship between Cognitive Reflection Test scores and response time, and (4) Cognitive Reflection scores, response time, and the relationship between both variables on men and women. The current study also explored the sex differences on Cognitive Reflection Test and response time according to items sequence. The results showed that manipulating the items sequence, the performance on the Cognitive Reflection Test improved significantly, but the response time were not significantly affected, although the results suggest that first items of the sequence could be working as training items. A positive relationship between Cognitive Reflection Test scores and response time was also found, except when the scores were maximized. Finally, some differences between men and women on the results were also found. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Proactive personality and organizational support in television industry: Their roles in creativity
Authors: Hidayat Syamsul , Febrianto Zukhruf , Eliyana Anis , Purwohedi Unggul , Anggraini Rachmawati Dewi , Emur Alvin Permana , Zahar Marziah
Published: January 2023

Employee creativity is important for TV companies because it can improve organizational performance and increase success and survival based on the ability to create innovations. In response to this, field reporters who work for TV companies also need high creativity in facing the challenges of their work and in creating innovations. This research aims to test the roles of perceived organizational support, proactive personality, the meaning of work, and work engagement in affecting employee creativity. The total numbers of respondents were 119 selected from 14 private television companies in Indonesia. The method in this study is a quantitative approach using the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tool with the SmartPls 3.0 application. Most of the hypotheses of this study show significant results. However, there is one finding that a proactive personality is not able to strengthen employee creativity. This indicates that employees’ behavior at work is sometimes different from the personality. This study is the first to look at news reporters’ employee creativity using the suggested model. As a result, organizations can use the study’s findings as a starting point to determine the best strategy for fostering creativity within their workforce.
When Inmigration is a New Issue: Evidence from Chile 2003 and 2017
Authors: Espinoza Bianchini Gonzalo , Navia Patricio Daniel , Cirano Renata , Jara Nancuente Francisca
Published: January 2023

In countries where parties have not adopted strong policy positions on immigration–and where the immigrant population is not large–popular perceptions of immigrants might not reflect the ideological divides reported in the literature for countries where immigration is a politically salient issue. We assess the association of ideological identification with the perceptions of immigrants in Chile using two comparable national polls, one from 2003, before the recent immigration wave, and one from 2017, in the middle of an immigration wave, but before parties formally adopted policy positions on immigration. With OLS estimations, we find that, as expected, leftists had more positive views than the rest, but contrary to expectations, those on the right also had more positive views, especially in 2017. Views were more prominent in 2017 than in 2003, with those in the extreme left and extreme right displaying positive views.
Az állam válasza a gazdaságpolitika mai kihívásaira : Interjú Windisch Lászlóval
Authors: Trautmann László , Vertetics Ádám , Windisch László
Published: January 2023

A Fejlődésgazdaságtani Szakosztály interjút készített dr. Windisch Lászlóval, az Állami Számvevőszék elnökével az ÁSZ feladatairól és szerepéről a következő gazdaságpolitikai szakaszban. Ebből fakadóan kérdeztük Elnök Urat a következő időszak fő gazdaságpolitikai kihívásairól, és ebből fakadóan az állami szerep átalakulásáról. Az interjút Trautmann László és Vertetics Ádám készítette.
Az oldás és a kötés gazdasági formái – föld és pénz
Authors: Raciborski Eszter
Published: January 2023

Ebben az írásban arra keresem a választ, hogy a föld és a pénz mint gazdasági formák miként hordozzák az oldás és kötés kettősségét. Ehhez a vállalkozáshoz Georg Simmel A pénz filozófiája és G. K. Chesterton A józan ész nevében vonatkozó részeinek összehasonlító elemzésére támaszkodom.
Phytotherapeutic mechanism of medicinal plants with wound-healing potential: a mini-review
Authors: EMMANUEL Stephen , ADESIBIKAN Ademidun Adeola , OLADEJI Oluwole Solomon
Published: January 2023

The applications of medicinal plant species for diverse therapeutic effects are well documented throughout the world. In recent times, the screening of higher plants for unique biologically active compounds, particularly those with pronounced therapeutic potency, has received the interest of the science community. A wound is a loss or break in the anatomic stability of active tissue. It not only poses a physical and mental threat to zillions of people but could cause the failure of multiple organs, amputation, and even death. Therefore, thousands of plants have been screened to obtain active metabolites or compounds that can accelerate the process of restoring the damaged tissue structure and inhibit the probability of infections. Due to the severity of wounds to the human body, it is essential to explore safe, economical, and environmentally friendly therapeutics from nature.
This review aims to conduct a comprehensive search of medicinal herbs to uncover their therapeutic potential, identify gaping holes, and assess future research prospects that could lead to the discovery of novel pharmacophores. Thus, the review is tailored towards the appraisals of phytotherapeutic mechanism and wound healing efficacy of medicinal plants, which will help spur future research and improve our current knowledge leading to the unearthing of novel and potent pharmacophores with pronounced wound healing potentials. Several medicinal plants with scientifically proven wound-healing activities are reported and discussed alongside phytochemicals present their various extracts and isolates.
The achievable wound-healing closure rate of each plant was also reported with a focus on what is responsible for the healing rate.
A Qualitative Study on Career Decision Making Process of Highly Educated Joseonjok: Who Decided to Work in Korea
Authors: Cai Xiang-hua , Kim Changdai
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the career decision making process and socio-cultural influencing factors of highly educated Joseonjok in Korea. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 highly educated Joseonjok, and data were collected and analyzed using the grounded theory approach. The result of this study indicates that highly educated Joseonjok recognized career barriers and opportunities in both countries as non-mainstream members. This was related to ‘ambiguous identity’, ‘discrimination and acceptance experiences’
experienced in both China and Korea. Through cognitive control and positive coping behavior, participants finally decided to stay in Korea to work for their individual achievements after graduation. However, it was found that confidence in the outcome of career decision was influenced by the ‘sense of belonging’ perceived by individuals. In addition, ‘cultural and linguistic characteristics’, ‘the trend of migration of Joseonjok’, ‘social status in both China and Korea’, and the ‘system and environment of both China and Korea’ were also confirmed as contextual and mediating factors. The particular significance of this study lies in proposing countermeasures to introduce high-quality human resources, providing career education and consultation programs for highly educated Joseonjok, and expanding multicultural career theory and research.
A Study on Korean Language Education Policy for Immigrant Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sung Soo Jung
Published: January 2023

The significance of educational policy and Korean language education increases due to the rising number of immigrants. Since the 1990s, the Korean government has been embarking on the national policy of encouraging overseas people to immigrate to Korea via marriage or employment. This national policy brings many immigrants, for which Korea becomes a multicultural country. Because the residence of the immigrant has been prolonged, the necessity of education programs for children of resident foreigners has been discussed. Scholars and policy makers in the field of Korean language education established academic theories, enacted related laws, and promoted policies within a short period of time. Each department has its own position to operate various programs for overcoming limitations which were found during the process of promoting diversiform policy operations. In order to offer the right to education to the immigrant juvenile, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Education cooperate to revise the bill for sequentially removing obstacles of entry into public education for immigrant students. The rapid establishment of a social and legal system to support Korean language learning becomes important because adapting to a society and culture depends on linguistic competence; therefore, the standardized educational systems at the national level are required. Improving laws related to multicultural education, strengthening the role and function of the Central Multicultural Education Support Center as a control tower, activating a diagnosis-correction system in the process of Korean language learning, and cooperating with ministries to realize the ultimate goal of social integration are proposed to implement the ideal educational systems for the immigrant students.
Banking on the Future: Student Academic Performance, Retention, Graduation, and Instructor Type
Authors: Heath Sarah E. , Darr Christopher R. , Acharya Lalatendu
Published: January 2023

Students experience challenges with persistence, retention, graduation, and overall academic success in colleges and universities, particularly when courses are taught by adjunct instructors. Using a sample of 21,274 student results in three different general education disciplines from 2010 to 2019, the authors found that there was a disparity between adjunct and full-time faculty members in those key outcomes. The purpose of this study is to analyze data about student persistence, retention, and academic skills and its relationships with type of instructor (adjunct or non-adjunct) to consider the means by which the results may help to respond effectively to negative indicators in those areas. In addition to including adjunct instructors in professional development and student engagement activities on campuses, strategically hiring full-time faculty may result in gains that offset the higher financial outlay for those instructors.
TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Podshivalova Mariya , Smailov Sergey
Published: January 2023

Technological entrepreneurship is a locomotive for the development of the economy of any government and the world economy as a whole, which has survived the turmoil from the eco-nomic crises and latest events concerning coronavirus. Despite the importance of this type of en-trepreneurship, a single approach towards understanding its content has not yet been developed. In this connection, the research aimed at systematizing the existing knowledge and its develop-ment through the formation of certain interpretations has become relevant. And this has become the goal of this work. The content analysis and systematization of the existing definitions of the technological entrepreneurship category has been conducted. As a result, it has been found that understanding of the essence of this economic phenomenon today is extremely multifaceted: from the trans-formation of fundamental knowledge to the investment into innovation and science. At the same time, all definitions are based, as a rule, on 5 key approaches: process, financial, macroe-conomic, competence and functional approaches. The limitations of the existing definitions have also been highlighted, and an original interpretation, aimed at eliminating those, has been proposed. Another result of the work has become the set of basic necessary competencies of a technology entrepreneur, defined by the authors, among which the key skills are the skills of a manager, lawyer, financier, merchant, patent attorney, and technology transfer specialist. At the end of the study, the factors leading to the opening of technology startups and the classification features of technology entrepreneurship have been identified. The research results are both of theoretical (associated with the growth of knowledge in this area) and practical (allowing entre-preneurs to better understand the process of managing this type of innovation) importance.