bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum sodium is linked to increased amyloid‐dependent tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Yu‐Han , Wang Zhi‐Bo , Liu Xi‐Peng , Mao Zhi‐Qi ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

Vascular dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While sodium is essential for maintaining vascular function, its role in AD pathology remains unclear. We included 353 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), assessing serum sodium levels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive function. An independent sample (N = 471) with available CSF sodium‐related proteins and AD biomarkers was also included. Associations between serum sodium levels and AD pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognition were evaluated using linear regression models. Spearman's correlation analyses assessed the relationships between CSF sodium‐related proteins and AD biomarkers. Higher serum sodium levels were associated with increased AD pathology, reduced hippocampal volume, and greater cognitive decline (all p < 0.05). The relationship between serum sodium and amyloid PET was evident in several AD‐susceptible brain regions, including the neocortex and limbic system. Individuals with high serum sodium exhibited higher tau pathology, lower hippocampal volume, and more severe cognitive decline per unit increase in amyloid PET compared to those with low serum sodium (all p < 0.05). Among the 14 CSF sodium‐related proteins, which were inter‐correlated, six were significantly correlated with CSF AD pathology and amyloid PET, while two were correlated with hippocampal volume and cognitive function, with sodium channel subunit beta‐2 (SCN2B) and sodium channel subunit beta‐3 (SCN3B) showing the strongest correlations. These findings underscore the crucial role of serum sodium in AD progression, highlighting a potential network of sodium dysregulation involved in AD pathology. Targeting sodium may offer a novel therapeutic approach to slowing AD progression, particularly by impeding the progression of amyloid‐related downstream events.

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Comparing the Effectiveness of Platelet‐Rich Plasma Alone Versus Combined With Microneedles or Radiofrequency for Neck Wrinkle Treatment
Authors: Li Ke‐Cheng , Lin Zi‐Zhe , Zhang Zhi‐Dan , Xie Shan , Xie Guang‐Hui
Published: November 2024

Background

Neck wrinkles are a prominent characteristic of skin aging, with recent studies indicating that interventions such as platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), microneedling (MN), and radiofrequency (RF) can effectively rejuvenate aging skin.

Aims

This study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of three treatment modalities in addressing neck wrinkles.

Methods

Fifteen female participants with a neck Lemperle Wrinkle Assessment Scale (WAS) score of 3–4 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: PRP injection, MN + PRP topical PRP application, and RF + PRP injection. They received treatment once a month for three consecutive months, and a clinical outcome evaluation was performed at 1 and 6 months after the final treatment.

Results

The WAS scores and global aesthetic improvement score (GAIS) demonstrated notable enhancements 1 month postfinal treatment across all three groups, with a notably greater number of participants experiencing improved outcomes in the RF + PRP group 6 months posttreatment. Specifically, at the 1‐month follow‐up, the RF + PRP group exhibited a statistically significant enhancement in skin elasticity and collagen, surpassing the improvements observed in the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant disparities in skin elasticity and collagen were detected in all groups prior to and after 6 months of treatment. Adverse events were mild and transient, such as redness, swelling, bruising, and pain.

Conclusion

This study revealed that all the treatments can effectively improve neck wrinkles 1 month after the last treatment. A better therapeutic effect could be observed in the RF + PRP group compared with the other two groups at 6 months after the last treatment.
Microfocused Ultrasound in Regenerative Aesthetics: A Narrative Review on Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Pavicic Tatjana , Casabona Gabriela , Green Jeremy B. , Levine Jennifer , Park Je‐Young , Spada Julieta , Muniz Mariana , Akers John , Jackson Matthew , McCarthy Alec
Published: November 2024

Background

Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) is widely used in aesthetic medicine for skin tightening and rejuvenation. However, its role in regenerative aesthetics and its precise mechanism of action are not fully understood.

Objective

This narrative review aims to contextualize and articulate the mechanism of action of MFU‐V, evaluate its role in regenerative aesthetics, and assess its effectiveness based on existing clinical, histological, and skin‐mechanical studies.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed to collect and analyze studies on MFU's biological mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and impact on extracellular matrix (ECM) regeneration. The review integrates findings from clinical trials, histological analyses, and biomechanical assessments to provide a cohesive understanding of MFU‐V's role in aesthetic medicine.

Results

MFU‐V emits focused ultrasound energy that penetrates multiple skin layers and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system, creating localized thermal coagulation points. These points initiate biological responses that recruit fibroblasts and stimulate the production of new collagen and elastin fibers. Enhanced ECM protein synthesis leads to significant improvements in skin biomechanics and quality, reducing skin laxity and enhancing appearance. Clinical studies support these findings, showing improvements in skin firmness and texture following MFU‐V treatment.

Conclusion

Through analyzing the underlying biological mechanisms and the observable clinical outcomes, this narrative review sets the stage for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action and role of MFU‐V in regenerative aesthetics.
Laser and Skin‐Care Synergy: A Post‐Laser Application of Novel Adaptogenic Moisturizing Serum for Improving Healing and Cosmesis on the Face
Authors: Blyumin‐Karasik Marianna , Colon Jessica , Nguyen Sylvie , Rosen Jordan
Published: November 2024

Background

Laser procedures are often used for global improvement in skin quality. The state of the skin is under stress after laser treatment, and it is beneficial to utilize topical agents to assist with optimal healing and cosmetic outcomes. Currently, such post‐laser‐cosmeceutical synergies are being investigated. Skin adaptogens are bioactive ingredients that enhance the skin's resistance and adaptation to stress.

Aim

Investigate the use of an adaptogenic moisturizing serum (AMS) in synergy with post‐laser treatment recovery.

Patient/Methods

Eight patients underwent long‐pulsed 755‐nm alexandrite or 1064‐nm picosecond laser treatments on the face, targeting photoaging and pigmentation. After the laser treatment, during their healing process, they utilized a novel AMS twice daily to assist with the post‐laser recovery. A blinded expert grader evaluated before and after facial images of each patient using a modified Griffiths photodamage photonumeric scale.

Results

The findings revealed that the AMS was well‐tolerated with no reported adverse events, and elicited aesthetically pleasing results. There was a significant decrease in photodamage scores following the treatment (p = 0.0078) with a median reduction of 3.5. Patients had improvement in skin photodamage, pigmentation, and skin radiance in clinic and photography after a combination of laser and AMS serum treatments.

Conclusion

Utilizing the adaptogen moisturizing serum skin care regimen after the laser treatments likely assisted in the skin's healing process. As a result, we propose that there is a potential benefit of combining certain laser treatments and an adaptogen‐based skin care regimen for better aesthetic outcomes and skin recuperation post‐procedure.
Fungal dysbiosis following antibacterial monotherapy in canine otitis externa
Authors: Juhola J. , Brennan E. , Ferguson E. A. , Loeffler A. , Hendricks A. , Frosini S. M. , Chang Y. M. , Bond R.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To evaluate evidence of Malassezia overgrowth following successful topical antibacterial monotherapy of refractory canine bacterial otitis using semi‐quantitative cultures.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐nine dogs with bacterial otitis were treated topically with either fluoro‐quinolone [0.5% enrofloxacin (18 dogs, 19 treatment events, 25 ears) or 0.1% marbofloxacin (1 ear), with 0.1% dexamethasone] (“FQ”) SID, or 143 mg/mL piperacillin/18 mg/mL tazobactam (“PT”) BID (11 dogs, 14 treatment events, 19 ears) for 8 to 36 days (mean 20 days). At visits 1 (V1) and 2 (V2), ear swab tips were washed in PBS + Triton X‐100 and serial dilutions spread‐plated onto blood, MacConkey (37°C, 48 hours) and modified Dixon's agar (32°C, 14 days) to generate semiquantitative counts. Microbes were identified by phenotype and MALDI‐TOF.

Results

Prior to treatment, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated alone or in combination with other bacteria in 14 FQ‐treated ears and 18 PT‐treated ears; the next most frequent bacteria were Streptococcus canis (8 FQ, 2 PT) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (8 FQ, 1 PT). The proportions of dogs' ears (excluding cross‐over treatments and contra‐lateral affected ears) from which bacteria were isolated were significantly reduced by treatment with both FQ (V1, 13/15; V2, 5/15) and PT (V1, 14/14; V2, 2/14). The proportions of dogs' ears from which yeasts (Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida spp.) were isolated were significantly increased by treatment in dogs treated with PT (V1, 1/14; V2, 14/14) but not FQ (V1, 3/15; V2, 6/15).

Clinical Significance

Otitis cases that receive potent antibacterial monotherapy must be monitored for yeast overgrowth.
Generation of genomic resources and phylogenetic contributions in Oxalis from desert fog oases in Peru
Authors: Gaspar Leonardo , Song Feng , Fu Ning , Jin Lu , Guzmán Frank , Cano Asunción , Arakaki Mónica , Ge Xue‐Jun
Published: November 2024

Several species in the genus Oxalis occupy Peruvian fog oases (Lomas) with a significant habitat‐adapted and endemic diversity. Acknowledging this aspect, the genus Oxalis is a conceivable group for evolutionary and biogeographic hypothesis testing; however, molecular resources for the genus still need improvement. We conducted a genome skimming approach to assemble new plastomes from 18 accessions (six species) of Oxalis collected in Lomas locations in Peru. These complete plastomes of Oxalis species (several reported for the first time) present a highly conserved composition. Our phylogenetic results were congruent with previous section‐based backbone phylogenies of Oxalis; however, a closer look at the phylogeny of sect. Carnosae revealed nonmonophyletic arrangements involving Oxalis megalorrhiza and Oxalis bulbocastanum individuals. We also propose a set of three hypervariable plastid regions as potential molecular markers. Likewise, an array of primers for nuclear simple sequence repeat markers based on the most widely distributed species, O. megalorrhiza, were listed and evaluated for their transferability to the other species under examination. These new genomic resources represent a significant development for future population, phylogenetic, and biogeographic studies in Oxalis.
Quantifying past forest cover and biomass changes in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Witteveen Nina H. , Kleijwegt Zoë S. , Geara Hana , Kool Cathelijne , Blaus Ansis , Saenz Lina Cabrera , Gomes Bianca Tacoronte , Philip Annemarie , Bush Mark B. , McMichael Crystal N. H.
Published: November 2024

Here, we developed and applied models to quantitatively reconstruct forest cover and biomass changes at three lakes in northwestern Amazonia over the past > 1500 yr.

We used remotely sensed data and a modern dataset of 50 Amazonian lakes to develop generalized linear models that predict aboveground biomass, using phytolith morphotypes and forest cover as predictor variables. Also, we applied a published beta regression model to predict forest cover within 200 m of each lake, using Poaceae phytoliths. Charcoal and maize phytoliths were analysed to identify past land use.

Results showed forest cover and biomass changes at our study sites ranged between 48–84% and 142–438 Mg ha−1, respectively. Human occupation was discontinuous, with major changes in forest cover and biomass coinciding with periods of land use. Forest cover and biomass decreased notably after fire (at all sites) or cultivation events (Lakes Zancudococha, Kumpaka). The timing and ecological impact of past land use were spatially and temporally variable.

Our results suggest past human impact was small‐scaled and heterogenous in northwestern Amazonia, with a significant impact of fire on forest cover and biomass changes.
New insights into a sensitive life stage: hydraulics of tree seedlings in their first growing season
Authors: Beikircher Barbara , Held Magdalena , Losso Adriano , Mayr Stefan
Published: November 2024

The first year in a tree's life is characterized by distinct morphological changes, requiring constant adjustments of the hydraulic system. Despite their importance for the natural regeneration of forests and future vegetation composition, little has been known about the hydraulics of tree seedlings.

At different times across the first growing season, we analysed xylem area‐specific (Kshoot_Axyl) and leaf area‐specific (Kshoot_L) shoot hydraulic conductance, as well as embolism resistance of three temperate conifer trees, two angiosperm trees and one angiosperm shrub, and related findings to cell osmotic parameters and xylem anatomical traits.

Over the first 10 wk after germination, Kshoot_Axyl and Kshoot_L sharply decreased, then remained stable until the end of the growing season. Embolism resistance was remarkably low in the youngest stages but, coupled with an increase in cell wall reinforcement, significantly increased towards autumn. Contemporaneously, water potential at turgor loss and osmotic potential at saturation decreased.

Independent of lineage, species and growth form, the transition from primary to secondary xylem resulted in a less efficient but increasingly more embolism‐resistant hydraulic system, enabling stable water supply under increasing risk for low water potentials.
Is Binary Grading Better Than WHO System for Grading Epithelial Dysplasia? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gopinath Divya , On Cheng Yung , Veettil Sajesh Kalkandi , Tilakaratne W. M.
Published: November 2024

Background

This meta‐analysis summarizes the current evidence on the intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement between WHO and the binary grading systems used to assess epithelial dysplasia (ED).

Methods

A systematic search for observational studies that compared the level of agreement among pathologists between WHO and binary grading systems for ED was conducted using three databases: Medline, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. For the meta‐analysis, summary estimations of kappa value (κ) and standard error (SE) were utilized.

Results

The pooled analysis of observations by 46 pathologists from a total of eight studies showed better interobserver agreement in the interpretation of ED for the binary system (κ = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.40) in comparison with the WHO (κ = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.10–0.19). The intra‐observer agreement was reported only by five studies and was also found to be higher for the binary system (κ = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.57) compared to the WHO (κ = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11–0.39).

Conclusions

Our results validate that the binary system has better overall intra‐observer and interobserver agreement than the WHO system. Further studies with larger cohorts are mandatory before clinically relevant conclusions are drawn, as evidence remains inadequate.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Infection After Fracture Fixation: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Baisheng , Zhang Jingdong , Han Wenfeng , Tang Xin , Tian Feng
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) is a severe complication. There are few multicenter studies targeting IAFF. This paper identifies independent risk factors associated with IAFF by analyzing multicenter clinical data. Appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce the risk of IAFF.

Methods

This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study. This study screened medical records of patients who underwent internal fixation for fractures at participating medical institutions from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020. Data extraction included demographic characteristics, disease features, surgical variables, and laboratory indicators. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the relationship between relevant risk factors and IAFF. Research data were sourced from the hospital's electronic medical record system and self‐constructed databases.

Results

In our study, 202 patients who underwent internal fixation for fractures experienced postoperative infections, which corresponds to an overall incidence rate of approximately 1.7%. The predominant pathogen identified in these infections was Staphylococcus aureus. A multifactorial analysis indicated that several factors were independently associated with the occurrence of IAFF. These factors included BMI ranges of 24.0–27.9 and 28.0–31.9, smoking, a high ASA score, high‐energy trauma, diabetes, open fracture, seasonal timing of the surgery (summer), bone grafting, drainage duration, surgical duration ≥ 180 min, and A/G ratio < 1.2.

Conclusions

We strongly recommend that orthopedic surgeons perform comprehensive preoperative assessments on fracture patients to identify factors that may increase the risk of infection. Through the implementation of targeted interventions and beneficial modifications to these modifiable risk factors, it is possible to lower the incidence of IAFF. Additionally, proactive screening, risk stratification, and thorough patient education should be prioritized for patients with high risk but nonmodifiable factors.
Novel MRI Signs in Atlantodental Space Predict Reduction Degree of Atlantoaxial Dislocation
Authors: Sheng Xia‐Qing , Deng Yi‐Fei , Huang Cheng‐Yi , Pan Nan‐Fang , Zhao You‐Jin , Gong Qi‐Yong , Gong Quan , Song Yue‐Ming , Liu Hao , Meng Yang
Published: November 2024

Objective

The type of atlantodental space tissue in patients with atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) can help doctors understand the possibility of reduction before surgery. However, relevant research on this topic is lacking. This study aimed to summarize cases of AAD, classified based on the atlantodental space using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and preliminarily explore its impact on the degree of reduction.

Methods

Preoperative T2‐weighted MRIs and dynamic digital radiographs of patients who underwent posterior reduction and fixation surgery for congenital AAD between September 2012 and February 2023 were collected. The patients were classified into flexible and inflexible tissue sign groups based on T2‐weighted imaging. Patients with an atlantodental interval < 3 mm on extension digital radiography were considered radiographically reducible. Three radiologists read and recorded the MRI results using standard protocols. Kappa and Fleiss kappa values were used to evaluate intra‐ and inter‐observer agreements for MRI signs and dynamic digital radiography findings. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the relationships between imaging parameters and the reduction degree.

Results

In total, 118 patients with AAD were included in the analysis. Inter‐observer agreement among the three readers was higher for MRI than for dynamic digital radiography (0.816 vs. 0.668). The intra‐observer consistency for MRI signs was also better than that of dynamic digital radiography. Both the flexible tissue sign and radiographically reducible groups showed a higher rate of satisfactory reduction. However, only the flexible tissue sign showed positive results in the multivariate regression. The receiver operating characteristic curve for MRI signs as a predictor of satisfactory reduction yielded an area under the curve of 0.776 (95% confidence interval, 0.667–0.875, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Novel MRI signs of the atlantodental space exhibited high inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement. Patients with flexible tissue signs were more likely to achieve satisfactory reduction after direct posterior surgery.
Native Gramineae outperform Leguminosae in enhancing ecosystem multifunctionality during semiarid desert steppe restoration
Authors: Li Zhigang , Wang Bo , Morreale Stephen J. , Schneider Rebecca L. , Lin Xiongkui , Li Jianping , Wu Gao‐Lin
Published: November 2024

The effects of reseeded native Gramineae and Leguminosae species on the multifunctionality of desert steppe have remained unclear. Therefore, we examined a semiarid desert steppe that was reseeded 5 years earlier with a dominant native Gramineae species, Agropyron mongolicum; a dominant native Leguminosae species, Lespedeza potaninii; and a 1:1 reseeded mixture of A. mongolicum × L. potaninii. We evaluated the changes in plant communities and soil properties and then quantified aboveground ecosystem multifunctionality (AEMF), belowground ecosystem multifunctionality (BEMF), and overall ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) using an averaging approach. Compared with the native steppe without reseeding, both reseeded A. mongolicum and A. mongolicum × L. potaninii increased fine root volume, plant height, plant cover, aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), soil water storage (SWS), soil organic carbon, light fraction organic carbon, labile organic carbon, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorus (P), but decreased soil bulk density. However, reseeded L. potaninii increased coarse root volume, plant height, plant cover, AGB, BGB, and SWS but decreased plant richness, plant diversity, TN, and total P. In addition, reseeded A. mongolicum and A. mongolicum × L. potaninii increased AEMF, BEMF, and overall EMF, but reseeded L. potaninii only increased AEMF. Further analysis indicated that the fine roots played a crucial role in improving individual ecosystem functions and eventually in determining EMF. Therefore, the reseeding of a desert steppe with Gramineae species has greater potential than with Leguminosae species for improving EMF, since Gramineae species have greater fine roots volume than Leguminosae species.
Soil profile distribution of organic, inorganic, and labile carbon and nitrogen fractions vary in semi‐arid drylands under long‐term conservation tillage systems
Authors: Badrari Hamza , Ghimire Rajan , Aryal Deb R. , Mesbah Abdel
Published: November 2024

Changes in soil carbon (C) and nutrients considerably influence soil health and agricultural sustainability. However, how agricultural management affects C and N allocation among various soil organic matter pools and their linkages with soil health are not clear for arid and semi‐arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the soil profile distribution of selected C and N fractions and associated soil health properties in conventional tillage (CT), no‐tillage (NT), and strip tillage (ST) fields and quantify the relationship of labile and inorganic C and N fractions to soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in semi‐arid dryland cropping systems. Crop rotation was a 4‐year cycle of corn (Zea mays L.)—sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)—winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—fallow across all tillage systems. Soil samples were collected from 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm depths of each plot in July 2022, after 9 years of plot establishment, and analysed for potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), SOC, soil inorganic (SIC), soil total carbon (STC), soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN), total labile nitrogen (TLN), total organic nitrogen (SON), and labile organic nitrogen (LON) and other soil health indicators. The results indicate that PMC was 31% more and LON was 23% more in NT than in CT, whilst ST resulted in lower pH and had only 10%, 9%, and 24% more SON, STN, and LON, respectively, than CT in 0–60 cm profile. The SIC stock was negatively correlated with MBC, PMC, SON, STN, LON, TLN, and SIN, whilst positively correlated with depth, STC, and pH. After 9 years of conservation tillage, whilst depth‐wise distribution varied among tillage systems, soil C sequestration rate was negative in the 0–60 cm profile under both NT and ST compared with CT, mainly owing to more SIC accumulation in deeper depth of conventional system. These results show the complexity of soil C and N allocation under different tillage systems, with NT and ST supporting greater C and N storage in the surface soil and CT supporting more C and N storage in the deeper depth. Soil biological activity indicators appear to drive surface SOC accumulation, whilst soil pH and N availability influenced SIC accumulation in lower depths.
Visualizing erasure: Co‐creating comics and animation from revolutionary street art to Nubian memories of displacement in Egypt
Authors: Hamdy Sherine , Moll Yasmin
Published: November 2024

This article discusses how Faye Ginsburg's work on Indigenous filmmaking and commitment to shared anthropology inspired us to pursue unconventional forms of visual anthropology adapted to our own ethnographic contexts in post‐revolutionary Egypt. Specifically, we discuss Hamdy's work on the collaborative graphic novel Lissa and Moll's collaborative animation short Hanina. The affordances of these illustrated genres and mediums for collaborative co‐creation with our interlocutors enabled better ways to depict that which is no longer tangibly present yet persists in memories and longings. The specific histories of each media resonated with how the communities sought to represent themselves, a powerful example of what Ginsburg calls “aesthetic accountability.” We also reflect on how comics and animation, through greater anonymity, can help us attain safety as a production value under authoritarianism.
Evaluation of three acetabular measurement methods for total hip replacement in dogs
Authors: Wilson Jordan N. , Filliquist Barbro , Garcia Tanya C. , Marcellin‐Little Denis J.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To compare three measurement methods for acetabular sizing and evaluate the influence of osteoarthritis (OA) on the accuracy of measurements.

Study design

Observational study.

Sample

Radiographic images of 73 hip joints from 60 dogs with cementless cups.

Methods

Radiographs were anonymized and measured independently by three observers. One observer measured 12 sets of radiographs three times. A best‐fit acetabular circle (AC) and cranial‐caudal acetabular line (AL) were measured on ventral‐dorsal (VD) radiographic view and open leg lateral (OLL) view. A best‐fit femoral head circle (FHC) was measured on VD, OLL, and craniocaudal horizontal beam (CCHB) views. Two observers scored the OA in each hip joint. Intra‐ and interobserver consistency and repeatability and bias relative to implanted cup size were calculated and analyzed.

Results

Intraobserver consistency and repeatability were excellent for all measurements. Interobserver consistency was excellent (ICC > 0.9) for ACVD and ACOLL and was good (0.75 < ICC ≤ 0.9) for all other methods. Bias was small for AC and AL measurements (range, −0.46 to 0.45 mm) and large for FHC measurements (−3.58 to −2.42 mm). OA score significantly influenced bias for all acetabular measurement methods (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

All acetabular measurement methods were highly consistent within an observer. Interobserver consistency was highest for ACVD and ACOLL. FHC measurements underestimated cup size. Higher OA scores decreased the accuracy of all acetabular measurement methods.

Clinical significance

Superimposing a circle on the acetabulum seen on VD radiographic view accurately measures the acetabulum before cementless cup placement.
Bounds in a popular multidimensional nonlinear Roth theorem
Authors: Peluse Sarah , Prendiville Sean , Shao Xuancheng
Published: November 2024

A nonlinear version of Roth's theorem states that dense sets of integers contain configurations of the form , , . We obtain a multidimensional version of this result, which can be regarded as a first step toward effectivising those cases of the multidimensional polynomial Szemerédi theorem involving polynomials with distinct degrees. In addition, we prove an effective “popular” version of this result, showing that every dense set has some non‐zero such that the number of configurations with difference parameter is almost optimal. Perhaps surprisingly, the quantitative dependence in this result is exponential, compared to the tower‐type bounds encountered in the popular linear Roth theorem.
Acute high‐intensity muscle contraction moderates AChR gene expression independent of rapamycin‐sensitive mTORC1 pathway in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Makanae Yuhei , Ato Satoru , Kouzaki Karina , Tamura Yuki , Nakazato Koichi
Published: November 2024

The relationship between mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation after resistance exercise and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunit gene expression remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation‐induced intense muscle contraction, which mimics acute resistance exercise, on the mRNA expression of AChR genes and the signalling pathways involved in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) maintenance, such as mTORC1 and muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK). The gastrocnemius muscle of male adult Sprague–Dawley rats was isometrically exercised. Upon completion of muscle contraction, the rats were euthanized in the early (after 0, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h) and late (after 48 or 72 h) recovery phases and the gastrocnemius muscles were removed. Non‐exercised control animals were euthanized in the basal state (control group). In the early recovery phase, Agrn gene expression increased whereas LRP4 decreased without any change in the protein and gene expression of AChR gene subunits. In the late recovery phase, Agrn, Musk, Chrnb1, Chrnd and Chrne gene expression were altered and agrin and MuSK protein expression increased. Moreover, mTORC1 and protein kinase B/Akt‐histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC) were activated in the early phase but not in the late recovery phase. Furthermore, rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, did not disturb changes in AChR subunit gene expression after muscle contraction. However, rapamycin addition slightly increased AChR gene expression, while insulin did not impact it in rat L6 myotube. These results suggest that changes in the AChR subunits after muscle contraction are independent of the rapamycin‐sensitive mTORC1 pathway.
Fondos de conocimiento de familias migrantes. Un estudio de caso en Chile
Authors: Lamas-Aicón Macarena Alejandra , Bachmann-Vera Daniela
Published: November 2024

La inclusión educativa del estudiantado extranjero es un tema contingente en las aulas chilenas. Una vez superadas las barreras de acceso al sistema educativo, se hace necesario potenciar el reconocimiento de la diversidad cultural como condición para la transformación del currículum. Este trabajo describe un estudio empírico, desarrollado en el sur de Chile, que recrea la propuesta teórica y metodológica de los fondos de conocimiento (FdC) con el objetivo de explorar los saberes, competencias y habilidades de una familia de origen venezolano y valorar la continuidad/discontinuidad de estas prácticas y saberes que se detentan en la escuela. El estudio de caso aplica la metodología cualitativa y sigue una aproximación etnográfica que incluye observaciones, entrevistas semiestructuradas y otras técnicas participativas para la producción de datos. Los resultados muestran que los FdC tienen alta continuidad con las metas, prácticas y herramientas utilizadas en el contexto escolar, en contraste con el enfoque del déficit con el que se ha asociado a la diversidad cultural en las escuelas. Se finaliza discutiendo las ideas y el potencial de este enfoque para abordar la educación intercultural desde lo curricular en contextos escolares altamente neoliberales, como en el caso de Chile.
Formación docente como reconstrucción biográfico-política
Authors: Gaete-Vergara Marcela Blanca , Núñez-Rojas Mauricio
Published: November 2024

Este artículo analiza la reconstrucción de las razones biográficas de veinticuatro estudiantes de pedagogía del nivel secundario para ingresar y mantenerse voluntariamente en su trayecto de formación práctica en un centro de protección de menores. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo de corte narrativo y longitudinal a lo largo de un semestre. Los resultados muestran que el desarrollo de prácticas docentes en contextos de inequidad, acompañadas de procesos permanentes de reflexión narrativo-biográfica, interpela a los/as practicantes a tomar conciencia de su papel como educadores y a sentirse parte de su pueblo y de su historia, dando paso a un lugar desde donde entretejer un proyecto formativo que lucha por la justicia social, en un proceso de reconstrucción donde lo biográfico se vuelve político y lo político un ejercicio biográfico.
Flexible Use of Hydrogen Fueled Duct Burners in Combined Cycle Power Plant HRSGs
Authors: Moelling David S. , Femiana Early , Burns Darby K.
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen fuel use in Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) is commonly thought of as using a hydrogen/natural gas fuel blend in the Gas Turbine Combustors. Current generation combustors can typically use up to 30% by volume Hydrogen with additional tuning but this provides only 8–10% of the heating value of natural gas displaced. Currently when hydrogen fuel supplies are limited continuous cofiring may result in even lower H2 fractions. For plants with duct burners in their HRSGs an opportunity to burn Hydrogen more efficiently and at lower cost exists. The technology for burning hydrogen in duct burners is well developed for use in chemical and petroleum processing plants. Hydrogen can be used as a blend with Natural gas or by a mix of 100% hydrogen burners and natural gas burners to give true dual fuel capability. This paper examines the use of Hydrogen in a modern CCPP plant duct burners with regard to heat transfer, NOX production, ammonia salt deposition changes due to increased water content in exhaust, temperature impact on HRSG components and flexibility issues.

Application to using Hydrogen with a co-located electrolysis facility and local short-term storage as a means of dealing with daily variation in renewables generation known as the duck curve are analyzed with dynamic simulation of CCPP operation. Implications for storage and Hydrogen supply capacity are addressed.

The study conclusions are that the typical CCPP duct burners in North America can be converted to Hydrogen operation equivalent to a 30% hydrogen blend for the gas turbine on an energy basis with lower cost and technical risk.
A Lifetime Techno-Economic Analysis of a Residential Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Water Heater
Authors: Elio Joseph , Skabelund Brent B. , Milcarek Ryan J.
Published: November 2024

Energy efficiency is a common approach to mitigating global climate change by reducing carbon emissions from power generation plants. A hybrid (solid oxide fuel cell integrated) combined heat and power (CHP) water heater has its economic feasibility analyzed herein using techno-economic methods to predict future costs of water heating based on the present value of money and region of the United States. A baseline natural gas fired water heater is selected to determine the economic feasibility of the hybrid system. The lifetime of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) will be considered since there will be additional replacement costs when compared to the baseline water heater. The results show the hybrid water heater is economically viable in certain regions of the United States. For example, the Northeast and South regions of the United States have total savings of $12,854 and $4,100, respectively at the end of the 60 year analysis. Regional hot water demand, utility natural gas and electricity prices, and their historical increase rates, dictate whether the hybrid system is economically viable.
Compression Method and Cooling Method Applying the Pitot Tube Effect
Authors: Morishige Haruo
Published: November 2024

For a new type of air conditioner, we apply a Pitot tube type compressor based on our CCUS development. It uses water as a medium, not CFCs. Water is circulated through a loop pipe with a small hole, air is aspirated from the hole, and that air is accumulated and compressed in a tank on the line. This aspiration effect is known as the Pitot tube effect. Since the air is directly compressed by the flowing water, the air does not flow back, so the efficiency is extremely high. The Coefficient of Performance is expected to exceed 10. When this compressed air is exposed to the atmosphere, a low temperature below 0 °C is achieved. It is intended for air conditioners and refrigerators for homes and businesses from several kW to several 100 kW. When water vapor in the air condenses due to air volume expansion, carbon dioxide in the air is also recovered in that condensed water. This air conditioner contributes to global warming countermeasures by saving energy and recovering carbon dioxide.
Summary of Property-Related Parameters and its Effect on the Simulated Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of U-10Mo Monolithic Fuel Plate
Authors: Mohamed Walid , Ozaltun Hakan , Roh Hee Seok
Published: November 2024

The most recent design considered to convert most U.S. High Performance Research Reactors (USHPRR) from highly enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU) consists of high density uranium–10 wt% molybdenum fuel core sandwiched between Zirconium diffusion barriers and encapsulated in aluminum AA6061 cladding.

In this work, finite element analysis (FEA) is used to perform parametric studies to evaluate the effect of property-related parameters on the simulated thermo-mechanical behavior of a generic U-10Mo monolithic fuel plate. A baseline FE model was developed using the most recommended physical, thermal, and mechanical properties for the U-10Mo fuel core, the Zr diffusion barrier and the AA6061 cladding materials. The thermo-mechanical behavior of the monolithic fuel plate was simulated considering a ±50% change in the materials’ properties implemented in the FE baseline model. Global peak values for stress and temperature and the stress and displacements profiles at a selected transverse section of the plate were analyzed in all cases and compared to the baseline case. The effect of the U-10Mo fuel core behavioral models, including fuel swelling and irradiation-induced creep, and degradation models of the fuel core thermal conductivity and elastic modulus on the simulated fuel plate thermo-mechanical performance were also investigated.
Anomalous resistive switching effect in La0.8Ca0.2MnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 structure
Authors: Wang Zhiquan , Dong Chengang , Wang Xin
Published: November 2024

A barrier-type resistive switching (RS) unit, composed of a metal and Nb:SrTiO3 (NSTO), holds significant potential for data storage applications due to its high storage density, low operating voltage, and excellent stability. While extensive research has been conducted on conductive oxides (COs), there has been relatively less focus on the RS properties of heterogeneous structures combing CO electrodes and NSTO. Epitaxial growth of CO on NSTO is expected to yield devices with enhanced stability and repeatability. This study explores the RS characteristics of La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 (LCMO)/NSTO heterostructures through epitaxy of both conventional and anoxic LCMO films on (00 l)-oriented NSTO single crystal substrates. The results reveal that the conventional LCMO/NSTO structure exhibits a conventional counterclockwise bipolar RS (BRS) effect, while the anoxic LCMO/NSTO heterostructure demonstrates a unique clockwise (CW) BRS effect (exhibiting different RS characteristics under different applied voltages). The study concludes that the CW-BRS effect mechanism is attributed to a high concentration of oxygen vacancies (Vo) in LCMO. Under different external electric fields, Vo in LCMO and NSTO migrate to the LCMO/NSTO interface, respectively, leading to multiple changes in the interface barrier. These findings offer valuable experimental insights for utilizing CO in the field of RS applications.
Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test: Normative Values in Firefighters and Relationship to Shoulder Mobility
Authors: West-Sell Sharon A. , Gallagher Addison S. , Roque Alex F. , Williams Cameron A. , Goriye Mark M.
Published: November 2024

The job of a firefighter requires high levels of physical fitness and musculoskeletal function. In the United States, firefighters experience over 60,000 injuries annually, predominantly musculoskeletal issues. Screening tests can help identify musculoskeletal dysfunction. This study aimed to establish Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ) normative data in firefighters and identify factors that influence upper extremity functional ability in this population. We found firefighters’ Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test composite scores were comparable to other physically active populations but lower than U.S. Coast Guard law enforcement personnel. Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test scores were negatively affected by increasing age and body mass and reduced shoulder mobility in our sample. These findings support the need for targeted weight loss and mobility interventions to improve functional outcomes in firefighters.
The Use of the FIFA 11+ For Kids as an Injury Prevention Program in Youth Soccer Players: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Osumi Kohei , Kuehner-Boyer Chelsea
Published: November 2024

The FIFA 11+ For Kids was developed as an injury prevention program for youth soccer athletes between 7 and 13 years of age. Since its development, it has been introduced to youth soccer players worldwide, however, a critical summary of high-level randomized control trials to assist clinicians in determining how to effectively implement the program for injury prevention is lacking in the current literature. This critically appraised topic sought to determine the best practice recommendations for the implementation of the FIFA 11+ For Kids program to effectively prevent injuries in youth soccer players. A search of the literature was completed in December of 2023 using the terms “FIFA 11 for kids” and “randomized control trials” and “injury prevention.” Studies were included if they scored higher than 6/10 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. A critical appraisal of high-level randomized control trials found that clinicians can use the FIFA 11+ For Kids as an effective injury prevention program for youth soccer players when factors including the frequency of application, the time needed to complete the program, compliance with the program, and training of team personal who lead the program are considered.
Ocean weather systems on icy moons, with application to Enceladus
Authors: Zhang Yixiao , Kang Wanying , Marshall John
Published: November 2024

We explore ocean circulation on a rotating icy moon driven by temperature gradients imposed at its upper surface due to the suppression of the freezing point of water with pressure, as might be induced by ice thickness variations on Enceladus. Using high-resolution simulations, we find that eddies dominate the circulation and arise from baroclinic instability, analogous to Earth’s weather systems. Multiple alternating jets, resembling those of Jupiter’s atmosphere, are sustained by these baroclinic eddies. We establish a theoretical model of the stratification and circulation and present scaling laws for the magnitude of the meridional heat transport. These are tested against numerical simulations. Through identification of key nondimensional numbers, our simplified model is applied to other icy moons. We conclude that baroclinic instability is central to the general circulation of icy moons.
Heterogeneous multiple soft millirobots in three-dimensional lumens
Authors: Wang Chunxiang , Wang Tianlu , Li Mingtong , Zhang Rongjing , Ugurlu Halim , Sitti Metin
Published: November 2024

Miniature soft robots offer opportunities for safe and physically adaptive medical interventions in hard-to-reach regions. Deploying multiple robots could further enhance the efficacy and multifunctionality of these operations. However, multirobot deployment in physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) tubular structures is limited by the lack of effective mechanisms for independent control of miniature magnetic soft robots. This work presents a framework leveraging the shape-adaptive robotic design and heterogeneous resistance from robot-lumen interactions to enable magnetic multirobot control. We first compute influence and actuation regions to quantify robot movement. Subsequently, a path planning algorithm generates the trajectory of a permanent magnet for multirobot navigation in 3D lumens. Last, robots are controlled individually in multilayer lumen networks under medical imaging. Demonstrations of multilocation cargo delivery and flow diversion manifest their potential to enhance biomedical functions. This framework offers a solution to multirobot actuation benefiting applications across different miniature robotic devices in complex environments.
Substrate specificity and protein stability drive the divergence of plant-specific DNA methyltransferases
Authors: Jiang Jianjun , Gwee Jia , Fang Jian , Leichter Sarah M. , Sanders Dean , Ji Xinrui , Song Jikui , Zhong Xuehua
Published: November 2024

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism essential for transposon silencing and genome integrity. Across evolution, the substrates of DNA methylation have diversified between kingdoms. In plants, chromomethylase3 (CMT3) and CMT2 mediate CHG and CHH methylation, respectively. However, how these two methyltransferases diverge on substrate specificities during evolution remains unknown. Here, we reveal that CMT2 originates from a duplication of an evolutionarily ancient CMT3 in flowering plants. Lacking a key arginine residue recognizing CHG in CMT2 impairs its CHG methylation activity in most flowering plants. An engineered V1200R mutation empowers CMT2 to restore CHG and CHH methylations in
Arabidopsis cmt2cmt3
mutant, testifying a loss-of-function effect for CMT2 during evolution. CMT2 has evolved a long and unstructured amino terminus critical for protein stability, especially under heat stress, and is plastic to tolerate various natural mutations. Together, this study reveals the mechanism of chromomethylase divergence for context-specific DNA methylation in plants and sheds important lights on DNA methylation evolution and function.