bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Consejo de Asuntos Económicos y el ecónomo diocesano: dos funciones para un mismo fin
Authors:   , Solís Espino Juan Bautista Pbro.
Published: July 2022

EL Consejo de Asuntos Económicos y el Ecónomo son los dos organismos de la Curia Diocesana cuya misión específica es la administración del patrimonio eclesiástico. Desde el principio, la Iglesia vio la necesidad de establecer normas tendientes a la adecuada administración de los bienes. Los santos padres, los concilios y el Código de Derecho Canónico de 1917 son las fuentes para e establecimiento de estas dos figuras codiciales. La relación entre el Consejo diocesano de asuntos económicos y el Ecónomo no es muy clara en la codificación actual. Existen someras indicaciones donde se señala que, mientras el primero tiene funciones de dirección, las funciones de segundo son de ejecución. Toda actividad humana exige la utilización de bienes materiales, pero los bienes patrimoniales de la Iglesia sólo han de utilizarse como medios para lograr los fines que corresponden a la misión encomendada por Jesús. Los fines propios de bienes patrimoniales de la Iglesia son: sostener el culto divino, sustenta honestamente al clero y demás ministros, y hacer las obras de apostolado sagrado y de caridad, sobre todo con los necesitados. El Obispo diocesano es un administrador intermedio de los bienes de la Diócesis Es el Consejo de Asuntos Económicos el que establece la forma de la administración y, junto al Colegio de Consultores asesora al Obispo. En algunos casos particulares, el Obispo está obligado a dejarse aconsejar por estos dos organismos; mientras que en otras, no puede actuar si no recibe el consentimiento de ambos.
Perspectivas juridico-canónicas para la protección del patrimonio cultural en Colombia
Authors:   , Florez Bohorquez Sandra Lidia
Published: July 2022

El presente proyecto busca mostrar la importancia que ha tenido el Patrimonio cultural eclesiástico en la labor de la Iglesia, su evolución histórica y el desarrollo legislativo que ha tenido en materia tanto Eclesial como civil.
La sociedad actual ha ido estableciendo diferentes marcos legislativos civiles que buscan la protección del mismo, elementos que deben ser aprovechados por la Iglesia según el llamado de los Romanos Pontífices en los último tiempos. Por este motivo, mediante la presentación de este anteproyecto se quiere dar a conocer herramientas legislativas tanto en el Derecho Civil como Canónico que permitan una mayor eficacia en la protección de este patrimonio, referido principalmente al caso colombiano.
Por otra parte se muestra el desarrollo de la labor investigativa a realizar en forma sistemática y ordenada para lograr el fin buscado.
Libro III función de enseñar en la iglesia : Canones 747 – 755. Un acercamiento a sus contenidos doctrinales
Authors:   , Barreneche García Gildardo Antonio
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación de tipo documental que busca profundizar en las fuentes doctrinales, contempladas en los cánones 747-755, sobre la función de enseñar, con la finalidad de establecer su aplicación en la enseñanza del derecho canónico en los candidatos al sacerdocio; este abordaje se realizó bajo el enfoque de síntesis e interpretación de fuentes. El tema desarrollado en tres capítulos da cuenta de la evolución del concepto de enseñanza en la Iglesia desde las categorías planteadas en las fuentes de la Revelación hasta las orientaciones postconciliares referidas al Munus Docendi; además de realizar un estudio comparativo sobre la función de enseñar en la Iglesia en los codificaciones de 1917 y 1983. Finalmente se establecieron una serie de relaciones entre los elementos tratados por los capítulos anteriores, todo ello a través del análisis de los cánones introductorios (cc. 747-755) del Libro III del CIC83. Dentro de los hallazgos se plantean una serie de indicaciones para el proceso de formación canónica de los candidatos al sacerdocio como docentes y orientadores en las comunidades de fe.
La autoridad como servicio, c. 618 una aplicación complementaria al ejercicio de la autoridad de los obispos
Authors:   , Bustos Sáenz Juan Carlos
Published: July 2022

Dentro de la renovación eclesiológica que ofrece el Concilio Vaticano II se encuentra una nueva forma de comprender y ejercer la autoridad como servicio (GS, 3). Esta novedosa visión de la Iglesia como Pueblo de Dios se proyecta en el lenguaje jurídico del CIC de 1983, en esa perspectiva la Sacrae Disciplinae Leges manifiesta: “…en cierto modo puede concebirse este nuevo Código como el gran esfuerzo por traducir al lenguaje canonístico esa misma doctrina, es decir, la eclesiología conciliar” (p.11). Sin embargo, en la parte correspondiente a la constitución jerárquica de la Iglesia (cc 330 – 572) se ubica la sección relacionada a los obispos (cc 375 – 411), se expone los aspectos que están directamente relacionados con los obispos y tipifica las funciones y deberes que tienen hacía el pueblo de Dios en general, dentro de estos cánones se pueden resaltar los cc 383, 384 y 387 en los cuales se puede leer los oficios u obligaciones de los obispos que hacen de su autoridad un servicio en la Iglesia, pero en esta normativa que presenta la autoridad de los obispos como servicio se hace necesario complementarla con algunas directrices que ayuden a tener una mayor comprensión y vivencia de la autoridad como servicio según lo propone la doctrina conciliar (Gómez, 1993). Al analizar estos cánones sobre el ejercicio de la autoridad de los obispos, este trabajo pretende hacer una revisión crítica del CIC de 1983, y proponer una lectura que permita comprender la profundidad del concepto de servicio aplicado a la autoridad y al ejercicio de la misma por parte de los obispos; esta búsqueda es amparada por la figura jurídica que presenta el c 17 (el cual habla de las reglas hermenéuticas ofreciendo así la posibilidad de recurrir a los lugares paralelos y el fin o ratio de la ley). Solo así se puede llegar al c. 618 que está ubicado entre los cánones relacionados a los Institutos de vida consagrada y de las sociedades de vida apostólica (Libro II, Parte III del CIC de 1983) y que tiene elementos propicios para un análisis comparativo sobre la autoridad como servicio en la Iglesia.
Este trabajo se articula en tres momentos: primero, se propone revisar el orden jurídico de la autoridad en la Tradición y el Magisterio conciliar, basados en el método histórico. Luego, con la ayuda del método exegético, analizar la autoridad presentada en la legislación canónica. Y finalmente, proponer un análisis e interpretación del c. 618 como una propuesta jurídica complementaria al ejercicio de la autoridad de los obispos, iluminados por el método analítico-sintético y el método práctico.
“Cada vez me volvía más guapa de lo que pensaba que era” observaciones sobre las transiciones identitarias de mujeres exguerrilleras de las FARC. Aportes para el acompañamiento psicosocial
Authors:   , Cardoza Alfonso Laura Alondra
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender con las mujeres exguerrilleras de las FARC sus experiencias de vida e identificar con ellas aspectos centrales de sus tránsitos identitarios que hoy pueden aportar luces para las propuestas de acompañamiento psico-social en su reincorporación.
Fue necesario tener como punto de partida la vida en colectivo en la guerrilla y sus im-plicaciones en las configuraciones identitarias de las mujeres; aspectos poco conocidos y reconocidos en los programas de Desarme, Desmovilización y Reintegración.
De manera particular, este trabajo buscó comprender de qué manera las transiciones identitarias en la vida de las mujeres exguerrilleras de las FARC, que hoy se encuentran en reincorporación a la vida civil, pueden ser reconocidas y abordadas en propuestas actua-les de acompañamiento psicosocial.
Para tal fin se combinaron dos métodos de investigación cualitativa: el biográfico y la teoría fundamentada. Su desarrollo con las mujeres, se constituyó en una práctica de acompañamiento en la reflexión sobre sí mismas, sus historias y sus contextos actuales.
Los resultados muestran que las transiciones identitarias vividas dan cuenta de la auto-comprensión que estas mujeres han construido alrededor de lo que significa escapar del mandato de género impuesto en diversos contextos. Igualmente, del alto valor a lo cons-truido en colectivo, más allá de la identidad del proyecto de FARC.
Relaciones solidarias, estar acompañadas, el reconocimiento mutuo con pares, son ca-racterísticas que en la vida civil se transforman por la inserción al mundo laboral, a ser madres y esposas, entre otros procesos propios del sistema hegemónico, que deben ser recogidos por propuestas de acompañamiento psicosocial.
Con estos resultados se espera contribuir a la investigación sobre el tema; así como al acompañamiento psicosocial situado y construido para/con las mujeres en proceso de reincorporación.
“Somos mitad y mitad, y habitamos la frontera” : lectura psicosocial a los procesos migratorios de mujeres contra la fragmentación del territorio y de la vida
Authors:   , Arrieta Betancourt Mandy Tatiana
Published: July 2022

La investigación aborda desde un enfoque diferencial los malestares psicosociales, los recursos de afrontamiento y las redes de apoyo de mujeres mayores, adultas y niñas en migración y retorno provenientes de Venezuela en Colombia. Esto con el fin de proponer elementos para la construcción de procesos de apoyo psicosocial con esta población tomando como base la perspectiva transnacional en los estudios de migración internacional, la interseccionalidad y la perspectiva psicosocial.
El estudio expone que los malestares psicosociales y los recursos de afrontamiento, resistencias y reexistencias de las mujeres migrantes se construyen de manera diferenciada en función de sus contextos y los lugares que ocupan en ellos.
Asimismo, muestra la forma en que los malestares psicosociales de esta población se producen y promueven a partir de amplios sistemas de exclusión (en origen y destino). Finalmente, el documento destaca los procesos por medio de los cuales estas mujeres construyen redes, resistencias y recursos de afrontamiento en múltiples territorialidades.
Lo anterior muestra la importancia de abordar la migración en los procesos de apoyo psicosocial desde un punto de vista relacional, no patologizarte y sobre todo desde una ruptura de las nociones fijas y binarias en torno a la nacionalidad como una categoría de poder de pertenencia que limita el ejercicio de la vida en dignidad.
Los medios de comunicación en la iglesia : una lectura canónica-pastoral de la comunicación actual
Authors:   , Francis Bone Ronald Fermin SSP
Published: July 2022

La iglesia esta llamada a ejercer sus labores de evangelización mediante una pastoral que fundamente su identidad frente a ese quiebre de paradigmas. Esa pastoral de la iglesia en el mundo actual, necesariamente debe estar matizada por lo jurídico, puesto que esta realidad también le es propia, en cuanto comunidad-signo de salvación. Esa estructura jurídica en la cual los vehículos que la ponen en contacto el devenir social e histórico de la sociedad en el cual se encuentra inserta, y donde es llamada a ser sal y luz de la tierra.
La enseñanza del derecho canónico a partir de la estrategia didáctica del "Aprendizaje basado en problemas"
Authors:   , García Ochoa Ludwing
Published: July 2022

Enseñar Derecho canónico, desde la estrategia didáctica del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, significará formar docentes y estudiantes capacitados para identificar lo que es necesario aprender para solucionar un problema, sistematizar la información necesaria para resolverlo, aprender la manera como se debe llegar a la mejor resolución por si mismo, teniendo en cuenta que los problemas?casos al ser situaciones abiertas obligan a los estudiantes a encontrar sus propias respuestas, identificar nuevos problemas que surjan de la solución de uno. También se quiere buscar alternativas para aprender la legislación de la Iglesia de una manera global, sistemática donde se puedan utilizar diversos métodos de interpretación, sobre todo porque los estudiantes ya traen suficientes herramientas (estudios filosóficos y teológicos) para quitarle a la legislación canónica ese sentido inmovilista - casuístico donde se aprende casi mecánicamente (caso = tarifa = solución por un tal o cual canon) por el contrario llevar al estudiante a despertar el interés por la Ciencia Canónica, que como parte de las ciencias jurídicas deben estar al servicio del hombre que es finalmente a quien está destinado todo derecho.
El laico y la deliberación : elementos para una participación activa del laico en la iglesia Católica
Authors:   , Cáceres Cáceres Claudia Patricia
Published: July 2022

El laico, miembro de la Iglesia, tiene el deber y el derecho de difundir el Evangelio en el mundo. Si bien para cumplir con dicho deber y ejercer su correspondiente derecho, su testimonio de vida cotidiano es indispensable, la práctica de la deliberación en el espacio público ciudadano y la participación decidida al interior de la Iglesia se hacen necesarios en un mundo con una alta tendencia al secularismo. Las instituciones políticas y eclesiásticas en Colombia, cuyo estado obedece al modelo de laicidad de reconocimiento, son propicias para permitir esta crucial participación.
Análisis empírico institucional sobre la Ley de Presupuesto General de la Nación: un examen útil para mejorar la decisión del gasto de funcionamiento e inversión en Colombia
Authors: Salinas Esteban Adriana Francisca
Published: July 2022

El presupuesto público es una herramienta fundamental, por medio de la cual se materializa la asignación de recursos, en cuya elaboración intervienen varios actores, en todas sus etapas. Colombia, en su ciclo presupuestal, le asigna al Congreso de la República la función de estudiar, modificar parcialmente y convertir en ley el proyecto del Presupuesto General de la Nación (PGN), presentado por el Ejecutivo. Este artículo enseña, desde un enfoque institucional, una descripción de las instituciones formales y no formales del proceso de aprobación de la Ley PGN, así como un análisis empírico documental de las variaciones cualitativas históricas de la ley presupuestal, realizando una comparación desde el año de 1994 hasta el 2020, mostrando cómo ha venido perdiendo desagregación. Posteriormente, se analiza la variación cuantitativa para las asignaciones presupuestales entre el proyecto y la ley presupuestal en el año 2020, etapa en donde se presentó un aumento de 7,6 billones para el sector de inversión. Este estudio sobre el proceso de aprobación del PGN, a nivel legislativo, aporta un análisis cuantitativo que no existía para Colombia en esta etapa del ciclo, ayudando a la comprensión de la economía política del proceso presupuestal, lo cual debería impactar en la mejora de la asignación de recursos, tanto de funcionamiento como de inversión.
Sistemas Locales de Justicia
Authors: Butrón Canoles Efraín Manuel
Published: July 2022

Este artículo aborda los aportes de la estrategia de los Sistemas Locales de Justicia (SLJ) como mecanismo de formación ciudadana en contextos de postconflicto. Se referencian los municipios de Amalfi, Dabeiba y Vegachí en Antioquia, donde fue desarrollada la investigación. A través de la metodología de análisis de caso, se implementó un ejercicio de indagación, centrado en explorar la proyección de la justicia local en los territorios abordados, así como en determinar los alcances, retos y dificultades de la estrategia. Se encontró que, si bien los SLJ se instauran y conciben mediante propósitos genuinos, estableciéndose como un mecanismo de formación ciudadana idóneo para la cultura de paz, presentan una serie de complicaciones para su consolidación en los contextos territoriales, debido a la reproducción de ciertas condiciones exógenas y endógenas, generando afectaciones a la construcción de paz, a la ciudadanía para la paz y al trabajo colaborativo entre instituciones y ciudadanía.
Comparison of Thermal Behavior of Self-Designed Internally Cooled Cutting Tool for Various Heat Transfer Fluids-Statistic and Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach
Authors: Öztürk Erkan , Yıldızlı Kemal
Published: July 2022

Compared with dry machining, using traditional cutting fluids has some weaknesses, such as environmental pollution, high machining costs, and harmful effects on human health. Internally cooled cutting tools (ICCTs) have been promising, sustainable, health-friendly, and green technologies for turning applications. However, the effects of different types of internal coolant fluids on insert tip temperature (Ttip) have not been investigated for ICCTs. The machining quality of metallic materials and tool life can improve with effective cooling. This study investigates the internal cooling performance of a self-designed internally cooled smart cutting tool (ICSCT) by comparing different heat transfer fluids. Therefore, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model was set for a self-designed ICSCT. The CHT simulation was experimentally confirmed using pure water (…developed by Ozturk, E., Yildizli, K., and Saglam, F., 2021, “Investigation on an Innovative Internally Cooled Smart Cutting Tool With the Built-In Cooling-Control System,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 46(3), pp. 2397–2411). After that, the effects of flow velocity (Vf) and the inlet temperature of the coolant fluid (Tinlet) alongside different types of glycol-based heat transfer fluids (including pure water) on Ttip were statistically evaluated by the Taguchi method and analysis of the variance (ANOVA). It was found that the most influential factor was the Tinlet at a contribution ratio level of 88.32%. Additionally, according to statistics, Vf and the type of heat transfer fluid were significant. Hence, since no external coolant is used, the designed smart tool can be considered environmentally friendly and health-friendly. In conclusion, glycol-based fluids can be a better choice for internally cooled tool designs owing to their superior features, e.g., corrosion prevention, nontoxicity, and stable heat transfer capability at lower temperatures compared to pure water, although pure water has better thermal properties than the glycol-based fluids (Dynalene Heat Transfer Fluids Technical Datasheets, Cited March 31, 2020).
Strength Degradation in AA5083 Armor Plate After Exposure to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Kasen Scott D. , Tubbs Donald
Published: July 2022

The thermally driven evolution of β-phase (Al3Mg2) and its impact on strength are explored for three different commercial producers of aluminum alloy 5083-H131 used in armor applications. Specimens were exposed to 100 °C air for periods of up to 30 days. Through a combination of optical microscopy and computational image analysis, the extent of matrix β and grain boundary β in the microstructure was assessed. Quasi-static tensile testing was also used to measure strength as a function of exposure time. It was found that a degradation in yield strength strongly correlates with the rapid emergence of matrix β-phase and not slowly evolving grain boundary β networks typical of a sensitized microstructure. The decrease in yield strength is attributed to the loss of the solid solution strengthening via matrix β-phase precipitation. This suggests that field exposure to solar radiation, ambient air, or engine/exhaust heat could lead to a loss in the level of ballistic protection afforded by the alloy even without a sensitized condition.
A simple setup for the determination of the cosmic muon magnetic moment
Authors: Bosnar Damir , Makek Mihael , Matić Zoran
Published: July 2022

We present a simple setup for the measurement of the magnetic moment of cosmic muons convenient for a student laboratory experiment. A significant simplification is made in the detector system compared to previous experiments of this kind, yet it retains all the necessary functionality of the system. This simplification additionally allows for the use of low-cost custom-made electronics for data readout and storage. These improvements considerably reduce the cost and provide a more accessible setup for a student laboratory experiment.
Quantitative measurement of birefringence in transparent films across the visible spectrum
Authors: Slepkov Aaron D.
Published: July 2022

Common transparent polymer films, such as cellophane and household tape, are frequently used as examples of birefringent materials in textbooks and classroom demonstrations. Qualitatively, birefringence is often demonstrated by layering such films between crossed-polarizers. In this work, we describe an inexpensive experimental setup for the quantitative measurement of birefringence in common household films, suitable for senior high school or undergraduate labs. Whereas traditional approaches for polarization-based classroom experiments typically use monochromatic laser light, we encourage the combined use of an incoherent incandescent light source and a portable spectrometer. In addition, we demonstrate how any concomitant thin-film interference effects can be used to separately measure the optical thickness in the most heterogeneous and uniform films. Such measurement can then be used as an independent experimental confirmation of either the film's index of refraction or its thickness, given knowledge of the other. In an effort to provide examples for the data analysis procedures as well as to investigate a range of materials, we measure the birefringence across the visible spectrum of six common household polymer films, including thin kitchen wrap, cellophane, gift basket film, and common adhesive tapes.
Skier and loop-the-loop with friction
Authors: Kufel Dominik , Sokal Alan D.
Published: July 2022

We solve analytically the differential equations for a skier on a hemispherical hill and for a particle on a loop-the-loop track when the hill or track is endowed with a coefficient of kinetic friction μ. For each problem, we determine the exact “phase diagram” in the two-dimensional parameter plane.
A transcriptional regulator that boosts grain yields and shortens the growth duration of rice
Authors: Wei Shaobo , Li Xia , Lu Zefu , Zhang Hui , Ye Xiangyuan , Zhou Yujie , Li Jing , Yan Yanyan , Pei Hongcui , Duan Fengying , Wang Danying , Chen Song , Wang Peng , Zhang Chao , Shang Lianguang , Zhou Yue , Yan Peng , Zhao Ming , Huang Jirong , Bock Ralph , Qian Qian , Zhou Wenbin
Published: July 2022

Complex biological processes such as plant growth and development are often under the control of transcription factors that regulate the expression of large sets of genes and activate subordinate transcription factors in a cascade-like fashion. Here, by screening candidate photosynthesis-related transcription factors in rice, we identified a DREB (Dehydration Responsive Element Binding) family member, OsDREB1C, in which expression is induced by both light and low nitrogen status. We show that OsDREB1C drives functionally diverse transcriptional programs determining photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen utilization, and flowering time. Field trials with
OsDREB1C
-overexpressing rice revealed yield increases of 41.3 to 68.3% and, in addition, shortened growth duration, improved nitrogen use efficiency, and promoted efficient resource allocation, thus providing a strategy toward achieving much-needed increases in agricultural productivity.
Scaffolding protein functional sites using deep learning
Authors: Wang Jue , Lisanza Sidney , Juergens David , Tischer Doug , Watson Joseph L. , Castro Karla M. , Ragotte Robert , Saragovi Amijai , Milles Lukas F. , Baek Minkyung , Anishchenko Ivan , Yang Wei , Hicks Derrick R. , Expòsit Marc , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Chun Jung-Ho , Dauparas Justas , Bennett Nathaniel , Wicky Basile I. M. , Muenks Andrew , DiMaio Frank , Correia Bruno , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Baker David
Published: July 2022

The binding and catalytic functions of proteins are generally mediated by a small number of functional residues held in place by the overall protein structure. Here, we describe deep learning approaches for scaffolding such functional sites without needing to prespecify the fold or secondary structure of the scaffold. The first approach, “constrained hallucination,” optimizes sequences such that their predicted structures contain the desired functional site. The second approach, “inpainting,” starts from the functional site and fills in additional sequence and structure to create a viable protein scaffold in a single forward pass through a specifically trained RoseTTAFold network. We use these two methods to design candidate immunogens, receptor traps, metalloproteins, enzymes, and protein-binding proteins and validate the designs using a combination of in silico and experimental tests.
High ambipolar mobility in cubic boron arsenide revealed by transient reflectivity microscopy
Authors: Yue Shuai , Tian Fei , Sui Xinyu , Mohebinia Mohammadjavad , Wu Xianxin , Tong Tian , Wang Zhiming , Wu Bo , Zhang Qing , Ren Zhifeng , Bao Jiming , Liu Xinfeng
Published: July 2022

Semiconducting cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs) has been predicted to have carrier mobility of 1400 square centimeters per volt-second for electrons and 2100 square centimeters per volt-second for holes at room temperature. Using pump-probe transient reflectivity microscopy, we monitored the diffusion of photoexcited carriers in single-crystal c-BAs to obtain their mobility. With near-bandgap 600-nanometer pump pulses, we found a high ambipolar mobility of 1550 ± 120 square centimeters per volt-second, in good agreement with theoretical prediction. Additional experiments with 400-nanometer pumps on the same spot revealed a mobility of >3000 square centimeters per volt-second, which we attribute to hot electrons. The observation of high carrier mobility, in conjunction with high thermal conductivity, enables an enormous number of device applications for c-BAs in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.
Proton-coupled energy transfer in molecular triads
Authors: Pettersson Rimgard Belinda , Tao Zhen , Parada Giovanny A. , Cotter Laura F. , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon , Mayer James M. , Hammarström Leif
Published: July 2022

We experimentally discovered and theoretically analyzed a photochemical mechanism, which we term proton-coupled energy transfer (PCEnT). A series of anthracene-phenol-pyridine triads formed a local excited anthracene state after light excitation at a wavelength of ~400 nanometers (nm), which led to ﬂuorescence around 550 nm from the phenol-pyridine unit. Direct excitation of phenol-pyridine would have required ~330-nm light, but the coupled proton transfer within the phenol-pyridine unit lowered its excited-state energy so that it could accept excitation energy from anthracene. Singlet-singlet energy transfer thus occurred despite the lack of spectral overlap between the anthracene ﬂuorescence and the phenol-pyridine absorption. Moreover, theoretical calculations indicated negligible charge transfer between the anthracene and phenol-pyridine units. We construe PCEnT as an elementary reaction of possible relevance to biological systems and future photonic devices.
Russian scientist facing treason charges dies in custody
Authors: Dobrovidova Olga
Published: July 2022

Advocates say state’s zeal for arrests has destroyed the lives of researchers working in sensitive fields
Operation Nasal Vaccine—Lightning speed to counter COVID-19
Authors: Topol Eric J. , Iwasaki Akiko
Published: July 2022

Given the poor ability of intramuscular mRNA COVID-19 vaccines to induce robust immunity in the respiratory mucosa, a push for a nasal vaccine strategy is needed.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Truenat MTB Plus Assay and Comparison with the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay to Detect Tuberculosis among Hospital Outpatients in Cameroon
Authors: Ngangue Yannick Russel , Mbuli Cyrille , Neh Angela , Nshom Emmanuel , Koudjou Armand , Palmer Dennis , Ndi Norah Nyah , Qin Zhi Zhen , Creswell Jacob , Mbassa Vincent , Vuchas Comfort , Sander Melissa
Published: July 2022

The Truenat MTB Plus assay is a rapid molecular test that has been recommended by the World Health Organization since 2020 as an initial test to detect tuberculosis (TB). The WHO highlighted the need to further evaluate assay performance to inform future recommendations, including in people living with HIV and compared to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. We conducted a prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the Truenat assay in Cameroon, a country with a high burden of HIV/TB.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pantoea agglomerans CPHN2, a Potential Plant-Growth-Promoting Endophyte
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Chauhan Varsha , Dang Amita Suneja , Kumar Ajit , Suneja Pooja
Published: July 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Pantoea agglomerans
CPHN2, an endophyte isolated from nodules of
Cicer arietinum
(Chickpea) from Hisar, Haryana, India. The genome was 4,839,532 bp and exhibited a GC content of 55.2% and 4,508 genes with 4,468 coding sequences, 1 rRNA, 71 tRNAs, and 1 CRISPR.
Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana ST17 from 2006 to 2017 in China
Authors: Du Pengcheng , Liu Xiaobin , Liu Yue , Li Ruichao , Lu Xin , Cui Shenghui , Wu Yongning , Fanning Séamus , Bai Li
Published: July 2022

The emergence and worldwide spread of AMR
Salmonella
constitute great public health concerns.
S. enterica
serovar Indiana is a typical MDR serovar characterized by sporadic reports. However, comprehensive population genomics studies have not been performed on this serovar.
Supplemental Material: Unconformity-bounded rift sequences in Terreneuvian‒Miaolingian strata of the Caledonian Highlands, Atlantic Canada
Authors: Álvaro José Javier , et al.
Published: July 2022

Supplemental Material 1. Faulted contact of the Handren Hill Member with the Ediacaran Coldbrook Group along eastern Hanford Brook. Supplemental Material 2. Field photograph of the upper part of the Quaco Road Member in the Somerset Street section (southwestern margin) illustrating faults related to the disappearance of nearly the whole Mystery Lake Member and the entire Skiagia-Fimbriaglomerella Zone (Palacios et al., 2011). Supplemental Material 3. Setting of Landing and MacGabhann’s (2010) “diamictite” in lower Mystery Lake Member on Hanford Brook.
Families’ experiences of central-line infection in children: a qualitative study
Authors: Soto Carmen , Dixon-Woods Mary , Tarrant Carolyn
Published: July 2022

Objective

Central venous access devices (CVADs), often known as central lines, are important for delivering medically complex care in children, and are increasingly used for children living at home. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a serious, life-threatening complication. Although the physical consequences of CLABSIs are well documented, families’ views and experiences of CLABSI are poorly understood.

Design

Qualitative study using semistructured interviews with participants from 11 families of a child living at home with a CVAD.

Participants

Parents of children aged 4–12 years living at home with a CVAD. Four fathers and nine mothers participated in interviews.

Results

The risk of CLABSI is a constant fear for families of a child with a CVAD. Though avoiding infection is a key priority for families, it is not the only one: maintaining a sense of ‘normal life’ is another goal. Infection prevention and control require much work and expertise on the part of families, contributing significantly to families’ physical and emotional workload.

Conclusions

Living with the risk of CLABSI poses additional burdens that impact on the physical and emotional well-being of families. Services to better support families to manage these burdens are needed.
Breast reconstruction following mastectomy in Indian women: a neglected entity
Authors: Dsouza Royson , Gaikwad Pranay , Samuel Vasanth Mark , Thomas Cecil
Published: July 2022

Phyllodes tumour is a rapidly growing neoplasm with a propensity to involve the entire breast tissue. In large tumours, the treatment comprises a wide local excision or a mastectomy. A woman in her 20s from rural India presented with complaints of a recurrent left breast lump. The lump progressed to a large size, limiting her social activities and causing depression. On examination, she had a mass occupying almost the entire left breast, with stretched skin, dilated veins and pressure necrosis. There were no palpable axillary nodes. She was offered a wide local excision and reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi pedicled flap. After much discussion and clarification of some misconceptions around breast reconstruction, she underwent the planned surgery. This was followed by adjuvant radiation therapy as the histopathology was consistent with a complex phyllodes tumour with close margins. She was well at 1-year follow-up and led a good family and social life. Breast conservation and reconstruction are seldom offered as part of cancer treatment in India. All women should be offered surgical options that are oncologically safe while preserving body image, and hence healthcare providers must work towards breaking the barriers that prevent breast reconstruction.
Integrative review protocol for Indigenous youth participation in health equity promotion
Authors: Morton Darrien , Linton Janice , Hatala Andrew R
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Indigenous youth participation in decision-making is internationally recognised as a pathway to promote health equity, decolonisation and social inclusion. Hearing Indigenous youth voices and actively involving them in decisions that affect their lives and their communities has the potential to address disproportionate health and social challenges they encounter. Yet the existing evidence-base on participatory approaches remains fragmented and vast leading to a lack of integration.

Methods and analysis

An integrative review methodology will be used to conduct a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of the literature about Indigenous youth participation in health equity promotion. The literature search is anticipated to be carried out in July–August 2022. We will search online databases Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO along with several interdisciplinary databases indexed in EBSCOhost and ProQuest. Key Indigenous research journals not consistently indexed in the online databases will be examined to identify additional journal articles. We will employ a blinded, dual-reviewer two-step selection process with established inclusion/exclusion criteria and limit data to English-language publications related to Indigenous populations in Canada, USA, Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia. Focusing on qualitative empirical and theoretical studies, they will undergo quality appraisal and Covidence software will be used to manage the review. Data will be sorted, extracted and analysed. We will codify data for descriptive reporting and conduct a narrative synthesis to identify a common conceptualisation for Indigenous youth participatory approaches across disciplines, its barriers and facilitators, and knowledge gaps.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical review is not required for the integrative review. The review will be shared through various publication and non-academic platforms as well as our university and community research networks. Findings will have broad relevance for those seeking to involve Indigenous youth to be active decision-makers across a range of fields, but with specific implications for health equity.
Understanding the role of sex on outcomes for the cancer patient undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Shaver Amy L , Nikita Nikita , Sharma Swapnil , Lefler Daniel S , Basu-Mallick Atrayee , Johnson Jennifer M , Butryn Meghan L , Lu-Yao Grace
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape for multiple cancer types. Sex plays an important role in both the development of cancer as well as the functioning of the immune system. Though a difference in response to immune therapy is emerging between men and women it is unclear how this difference affects cancer outcomes and what the potential underlying mechanisms are for those effects. The objective of this study is to describe the influence that sex has on the outcomes experienced by cancer patients on ICI therapy and to identify and analyse any knowledge gaps in the field.

Method and analysis

The framework for this methodology was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The search and review will be conducted from January 2022 to June 2022. Two independent researchers will screen titles and abstracts followed by full-text screening for manuscript inclusion. Full length studies published between 2010 and December 2021 found in PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus describing the influence of sex differences on cancer outcomes in patients treated with ICIs will be included. After data are extracted it will be summarised for presentation.

Ethics and dissemination

The findings of this scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The results will be used to inform future studies on the potential differential impacts of ICIs. All data are from published openly accessible sources and therefore no ethical clearance is necessary.
Integrated care for older people based on information and communication technology: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tian Yutong , Zhang Yan , Wang Shanshan , Cheng Qingyun , Meng Lixue
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Integrated care is an effective means of coping with the increasingly complex healthcare needs of elderly and alleviating pressure on national pension services. WHO regards integrated care as a method of providing high-quality healthcare and advocates integrated care based on digital technology. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, information and communication technology (ICT) has become a facilitator for the successful implementation of integrated care by providing a platform for information sharing, team communication and resource integration. This scoping review aims to assess internationally published evidence concerning experiences and practice of ICT-based implementation of integrated care for older people.

Methods and analysis

The study will follow the research framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley for scoping reviews. We will conduct a systematic search of the literature published from January 2000 to March 2022 via electronic databases, grey literature databases, websites of key organisations and project funding sources, key journals and reference lists included in selected papers, employ the Joanna Briggs Institute Literature Quality Assessment Tool to assess the quality of the included literature and apply thematic analysis to sort and summarise the content of the included studies. This study will begin in March 2022 and will be completed in December 2022.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this scoping review was granted by the Academic Committee of Zhengzhou University (ZZUIRB2021-155). This study will summarise the modes of operation and effects, barriers and facilitators of ICT-based implementation of integrated care for older people. We propose to recruit older people and integrated care service providers in rural primary healthcare centres and use a structured process of concept mapping to consult and discuss the results of our scoping review to construct an integrated care model and service pathway for older adults that is appropriate to the Chinese social context.
Medicalization of poverty: a call to action for America’s healthcare workforce
Authors: Jones Danielle D
Published: July 2022

As a social determinant of health, poverty has been medicalised in such a way that interventions to address it have fallen on the shoulders of healthcare systems and healthcare professionals to reduce health inequities as opposed to creating and investing in a strong social safety net. In our current fee-for-service model of healthcare delivery, the cost of delivering secondary or even tertiary interventions to mitigate the poor health effects of poverty in the clinic is much more costly than preventive measures taken by communities. In addition, this leads to increasing burnout among the healthcare workforce, which may ultimately result in a healthcare worker shortage. To mitigate, physicians and other healthcare workers with power and privilege in communities systematically disenfranchised may take action by being outspoken on the development and implementation of policies known to result in health inequities. Developing strong advocacy skills is essential to being an effective patient advocate in and outside of the exam room.
Multimodule characterization of immune subgroups in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities
Authors: Lin Jian , Dai Yuting , Sang Chen , Song Guohe , Xiang Bin , Zhang Mao , Dong Liangqing , Xia Xiaoli , Ma Jiaqiang , Shen Xia , Ji Shuyi , Zhang Shu , Wang Mingjie , Fang Hai , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Bing , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Zhou Hu , Gao Daming , Gao Qiang
Published: July 2022

Background

Immune microenvironment is well recognized as a critical regulator across cancer types, despite its complex roles in different disease conditions. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is characterized by a tumor-reactive milieu, emphasizing a deep insight into its immunogenomic profile to provide prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Methods

We performed genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterization of 255 paired iCCA and adjacent liver tissues. We validated our findings through H&E staining (n=177), multiplex immunostaining (n=188), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) (n=10), in vitro functional studies, and in vivo transposon-based mouse models.

Results

Integrated multimodule data identified three immune subgroups with distinct clinical, genetic, and molecular features, designated as IG1 (immune-suppressive, 25.1%), IG2 (immune-exclusion, 42.7%), and IG3 (immune-activated, 32.2%). IG1 was characterized by excessive infiltration of neutrophils and immature dendritic cells (DCs). The hallmark of IG2 was the relatively higher tumor-proliferative activity and tumor purity. IG3 exhibited an enrichment of adaptive immune cells, natural killer cells, and activated DCs. These immune subgroups were significantly associated with prognosis and validated in two independent cohorts. Tumors with KRAS mutations were enriched in IG1 and associated with myeloid inflammation-dominated immunosuppression. Although tumor mutation burden was relatively higher in IG2, loss of heterozygosity in human leucocyte antigen and defects in antigen presentation undermined the recognition of neoantigens, contributing to immune-exclusion behavior. Pathological analysis confirmed that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tertiary lymphoid structures were both predominant in IG3. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related samples tended to be under-represented in IG1, and scRNA-seq analyses implied that HBV infection indeed alleviated myeloid inflammation and reinvigorated antitumor immunity.

Conclusions

Our study elucidates that the immunogenomic traits of iCCA are intrinsically heterogeneous among patients, posing great challenge and opportunity for the application of personalized immunotherapy.
Addressing leadership communication, parenting demands and mental health challenges: a mixed-methods case study of clinical and translational scientists during COVID-19
Authors: Leonard Chelsea , Connelly Brigid , Kwan Bethany , Albright Karen , Gilmartin Heather
Published: July 2022

Background

In March 2020, academic research centres in Colorado were closed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Scientists and research staff were required to continue their work remotely with little time to prepare for the transition.

Methods

This survey study used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design to explore clinical and translational researcher and staff experiences of the transition to remote work during the first 6 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants indicated the level of interference with their research and shared their experiences of remote work, how they were impacted, how they were adapting and coping, and any short-term or long-term concerns.

Results

Most participants indicated that remote work interfered with their research to a moderate or great degree. Participant stories illuminated the differences of remote work prior to and during COVID-19. They described both challenges and silver linings. Three themes that highlight the challenges of transitioning to remote work during a pandemic were: (1) Leadership communication: ‘Leadership needs to revisit their communication strategy’; (2) Parenting demands: Parents are ‘multitasked to death’ every day and (3) Mental health challenges: The COVID-19 experience is ‘psychologically taxing’.

Conclusions

The study findings can be used to guide leaders in building community, resiliency and support productivity during current and future crises. Potential approaches to address these issues are proposed.
Leadership experiences of elite football team physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study
Authors: Carmody Sean , Brar Gurneet , Massey Andrew , Rosenbloom Craig , Gouttebarge Vincent , Davison Mike
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to explore the leadership experiences of elite football team physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A pilot-study based on a cross-sectional design by means of an electronic survey was conducted. The survey relied on 25 questions divided into distinct sections including among others professional and academic experience, leadership experiences and perspectives.

Results

A total of 57 physicians (91% male; mean age: 43 years) gave their electronic informed consent and completed the survey. All participants agreed that the demands of their role had increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty-two (92%) participants reported that they felt they were expected to take more of a leadership role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen (35%) reported feeling under pressure to make clinical decisions which were not in keeping with best clinical practice. Additional roles, duties and demands expected of team doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic were subdivided into communication, decision-making, logistical, and public health demands.

Conclusion

The findings from this pilot study suggest that the way in which team physicians at professional football clubs operate has altered since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with greater demands placed on leadership skills including decision-making, communication and ethical stewardship. This has potential implications for sporting organisations, clinical practice and research.