bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core and Legitimate Roles of Internal Audit Function and Enterprise Risk Management: Propositions for Future Research
Authors:   University of Malaya, Jassem Suaad
Published: December 2020

In the aftermath of global corporate scandals at the start of the new millennium government policy makers and international regulatory organizations launched several initiatives to anticipate and mitigate the impact of enterprise risk that can seriously damage economies of nations and bankrupt globally recognized companies. The typical roles of internal auditors have failed to prevent frauds and financial crimes from taking root in organizations. As a result, paradigms such as Enterprise Risk Management took centre-stage and became vital considerations and organizations such as the Institute of Internal Auditors along with other global platforms such as the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission to address the issue of enterprise risk. However, despite all these measures new corporate scandals have emerged, inviting scope for further investigation on matters such as how defined internal audit functions relate to Enterprise Risk Management. This paper proposes a conceptual link between the core and legitimate roles of internal auditor function and enterprise risk management. The roles of internal auditor function are based on the Institute of Internal Auditors Position Paper (2009) and the core components of Enterprise Risk Management are identified based on the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (2017) Enterprise Risk Management Integrated Framework. This study further proposes a set of propositions suggesting the possible association of the core and legitimate roles of internal auditors on the five core components of Enterprise Risk Management. The output of this study is expected to lay the foundation for further empirical studies to develop a finer-grained understanding of how internal auditor function roles relate to Enterprise Risk Management implementation.
Analysis of Tax Compliance with Intervening Variable Pmk Number 91 of 2015 in Jakarta Central Tax Service Office
Authors:   Asian Banking Finance and Informatics Institute Perbanas, Manrejo Sumarno
Published: December 2020

This research is motivated by tax revenues in Indonesia that did not reach the target compared to the realization in the last 10 years, this resulted in a relatively small tax ratio of around 12%. These problems illustrate that the level of taxpayer compliance is still low. Minister of Finance Regulation Number 91/03/2015 is expected to increase tax compliance so that state revenues will increases. This research on taxpayer compliance is focused on the implementation of this regulation in the Central Office of the Directorate General of Taxes in Jakarta. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative. The results of the study indicated that the enactment of the regulation in the Central Jakarta Regional Office has contributed to tax revenues of around 2.05% of total state revenues of IDR11,038,854,776,614 and it contributed 0.37% of IDR61,479,497,160,610. In fact the level of taxpayer compliance in Indonesia in 2015 increased by 1.31% from 59.12% to 60.42%, this is a positive impact of the enactment of the regulation, but the target of tax revenue on a national scale has not been fulfilled yet.
Factors Affecting the Succesion Process of the Family Business in East Java, Indonesia
Authors:   Ciputra University Surabaya, Basuki Sasongko , Sutanto J. E. ,   Ciputra University Surabaya
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the succession process in the family business in East Java, Indonesia. The variables used in this research are succession planning (X1), preparation of heirs (X2), relationships among family members (X3) as independent variables while succession process (Y) and post transition business performance (Z) act as dependent variables. Questionnaires are used to collect the study data. Additionally, quantitative analysis with path analysis is used as analysis tool. The population in this study is medium and large scale family business in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, Pasuruan, dan Gresik. Samples are taken from 43 family businesses with total employment of minimum 20 and have performed at least one generational transition. The statistic analysis findings reflect the non-significant relationship between succession planning and preparation of heirs towards successful transition. While relationships among family members gives the most significant influence on the successful transition, as well as the significant influence between succession process to the post transition performance.
Modelling Monthly Volatility of the Muscat Securities Market (MSM) Index Using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)
Authors:   Agricultural College, Shaik Shaik Nafeez Umar , Zeeshan Labeeb Mohammed ,   College of banking and Financial Studies
Published: December 2020

The Stock market is eyewitness’s responsive activities and is gradually more gaining importance. The purpose of the study is to measure the volatility of selected emerging indices Muscat Securities Market (MSM). Time series analysis techniques were used including Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. The time series data considered of this study taken MSM 30. The study period has taken from January 2013 to December 2018 except Sharia-compliant index would be June 2013 to December 2018. Tools used for the study is Unit Toot Test (Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips-Perron), ARIMA models and for performance model using Theil’s U-Statistic. The study made a few observations which may help the investors and model builders to understand better about the stock market.
Vocation Education Quality from Demand Side’s Perspective: The Case of Transport Technology Universities in the North of Vietnam
Authors:   National Economics University, Hoa Nguyen Quynh , Hoang Phung Chu ,   University of Transport Technology
Published: December 2020

Quality outcomes from vocational education and training (VET) are fundamental to ensuring a skilled workforce and supporting a productive economy. The quality of vocational training from the demand’s perspective is defined as meeting the customer specification, needs or requirements. Using the method of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis to get the analytical results of 275 respondents as graduates of University of Transport and Communication, University of Transport Technology (the two universities training on transportation in the North of Vietnam), the results show that factors are measured by the observed variables in the study that ensure reliability and relevance. The descriptive statistics result of vocational training quality is 3.28, while all independent variables are at average level (between 3.1 to 3.48) with the highest value related to the quality of the teacher and the lowest are facilities and training programs and management capacity of university. However, the regression results show that the qualification of the teacher, material facilities and training program, management capacity and job opportunities at the training school do not affect the quality of the training while “Learners-NH” have a great positive effect and the labor market information has a negative effect on the training quality of the school significantly. Base on those data, some policy recommendations have been given out in order to improve the training quality of transport technology universities in the north of Vietnam in particular and the vocational training quality of Vietnam in general.
Penal Mediation in the Criminal Law as a Shift in Social Contract Theory
Authors:   Fakultas Hukum Universitas Warmadewa, Putu Budiartha I Nyoman , Adi Wirawan Ketut ,   Fakultas Hukum Universitas Warmadewa
Published: December 2020

Social contract theory is the theory that illustrates the origin of a state formation. The theory of social contracts is composed of several instruments, including natural human rights, morals and mutual agreement (common will). Humans (individuals) surrender their rights to the ruler (state). The rights that are handed over to the state include rights in the field of public law (public interest). One of the rights in the field of public law is the right to establish norms in criminal law (ius poenale) and the right to convict (ius puniendi). Through the existence of penal mediation in Indonesia, the state’s right to convict offenders is reduced. It also means that the rights handed over by individuals to the authorities (state) in social contracts are reduced. Its theoretical implication is that the right of the state to impose criminal sanctions on offenders who are based on the surrender of individual rights to social contracts, begins to be purified again with the settlement between individuals through penal mediation on violations of public (criminal) law that take place.
Mushroom Fungus Production (Pleurotus Ostreatus) in Residue Agroindustrial (Maguey Bagasse) in Villa Sola de Vega as an Alternative for Local Development
Authors:   Technological University of the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Santos Alejandrina Ramírez , Aragón Analine Cabrera ,   Technological University of the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca
Published: December 2020

This project proposes the use of bagasse for the production of mushroom fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus), as a source of substrate in order to take advantage of the waste generated in the production of mezcal. It took place in Villa Sola de Veja, Oaxaca. Mushroom fungus is considered to be a nutritional supplement with a high nutrition value. For the production was considered the bagasse of Maguey, because in this community there is production of mezcal and waste is not used. This activity contributes to the generation of employment, the use of endogenous resources. The project was carried out in two phases; In the first, the methodology of Dr. Roberto Hernández Sampieri was applied, the second was selected the substrate of Maguey bagasse, pasteurisation of the substrate, sowing, incubation of the mycelium, irrigation, harvesting and commercialization of mushroom fungus. Under these circumstances, 93 kilograms in three cuts were obtained for two months, at a price of $100.00 per kilogram. For which an investment of $2,721.26 was required, with production costs $4,587.00, generating sales of $9,300.00, recovering the investment in the first production period, in such a way that the profits correspond to $1,991.74. As a conclusion we have to continue the project EM a second period the profits increases to $4,713.00, since only the costs of production will be covered, in this way there is an economic, social and environmental equilibrium that improves the living conditions of families and the environment.
Impact of Cultural Dimensions to Individualism, and Collectivism Dimension
Authors:   MENDEL University, Polat Haci H.
Published: December 2020

Globalization is growing and barriers seem to be dwindling. Therefore, trade barriers are eliminated, communication channels are simplifying business processes and the world appears to be shrinking to a village (Werlen, 2000, p. 23). The internalization of firms is a strategically planned result that has been motivated by major considerations, and one main factor for decision-making is the conception of psychic distance. Psychic distance is based on the cognitions of other cultures and influences the internationalization processes. Dow (2008, p. 1) revealed six main influencing factors: cultural differences, language, religion, level of education, industrial development and political system. Culture is a ambiguous construct and understanding how culture relates to psychological phenomena is essential to analyse the determining dimensions such as the individualism and collectivism dimension. There exists a broad vision of cultural dimensions and a controversial discussion is ongoing. The focus of these discussions is the differentiation between cultural values.
The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Alrouili Mohammed
Published: December 2020

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.
Health Care Service Performance in the Governmental Hospitals and Its Relation to the Leaders’ Qualifications in the Eastern Region in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Altrad Ali
Published: December 2020

This research seeks to examine the qualifications of hospital managers in the Eastern Region in Saudi Arabia and to identify the skills and competencies needed by hospital managers. Also, the study attempted to ascertain whether the qualifications of the managers of the hospital affect the performance of the hospital or not. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach with its quantitative dimension. They study was conducted on 20 hospital managers in 20 governmental hospitals in the Eastern Region in Saudi Arabia. The researcher collected data for this research using a self-administered questionnaire and a performance indicators card. The findings showed that approximately 50% of hospital managers did not receive formal training in health management prior to assuming the post of director of the hospital as their basic qualification in the bachelor was not in the field of health management. Also, the results showed that all the skills and competencies mentioned are important with varying degrees. The most important skills and competencies for managers were the personal or soft skills. The leadership, strategic planning, quality and process improvement skills were second in importance for hospital managers. Furthermore, the majority of the managers indicated that the qualifications of hospital managers affect the performance of the hospital. It is found that there is a positive correlation between the qualifications of the managers and performance of health services in government hospitals.
Competitive Business Strategy of a Public Breeding Institute
Authors:   Osijek Agricultural Institute, Zdunić Zvonimir
Published: December 2020

Due to squeezed public budgets in both developing and developed countries, the governments’ policy often include privatization of public plant breeding institutes as a proposed solution to the problem. Since vast of commercial plant cultivars have been developed by conventional breeding techniques, the interest for acquiring such institutions raised over the last several decades. However, not much attention has been paid to developing competitive business strategy within the public Institutes so the customers and society may still benefit from the both its value proposition and public good. At the Osijek Agricultural Institute, Croatia, an early developed focus-and-customer-relationship competitive business strategy has always been a linchpin that could financially and technically underpin plant breeders’ education, development of new cultivars and improvement of plant science in the Pannonia region of southeastern Europe. Not less important, this kind of strategy that rely much on personal connection with the customers results better in both - their buying experience and our price positioning in the seed market. It seems that, besides pure transaction, the customers especially appreciate every contact that cannot be found online. Every improvement in this segment of customers’ captivity is crucial and therefore of utmost importance for keeping our business strategy competitive, sustainable and enhanced. The example of the Osijek Agricultural Institute that is presented in this paper shows that regardless of being for-profit entity such as a public owned or private research institute, knowledge on choosing and pursuing a proper business strategy is a point of paramount importance, i.e., it is the question of life or death for every kind of market oriented entity.
French Cartography West of Lake Superior in Relation to the Seven Years War
Authors: Malaher David
Published: December 2020

French cartography up to 1756
DLI National Training: Accessing data and building a community
Authors: Znamirowski Barbara
Published: December 2020

This column describes some of the themes covered during 2020 DLI National Training Sessions (23 November 2020 - 27 November 2020) in the context of trends in data and statistics and associated technologies.
La resistencia de la mujer mapuche. Liderazgo comunitario
Authors: Cayuqueo Pablo , Quiroga Samuel
Published: December 2020

A partir del modo de concebir la comunidad que promueven los liderazgos de las mujeres mapuche, en este ensayo rescatamos el valor que tienen las estructuras sociales que no se basan en las lógicas capitalistas. En un momento, en el que estamos sufriendo los efectos de una crisis social, económica, sanitaria y medioambiental, a lo que se suma que las formas de autoridad occidental han perdido legitimidad, se vuelven relevantes los liderazgos femeninos. El pensamiento colectivo, el compañerismo, la amistad, la recepción amorosa y las respuestas comunitarias hoy se presentan como alternativas plausibles frente al liderazgo patriarcal.
¿Hacia un indigenismo sin indígenas? Encuentros y desencuentros entre el Instituto Indigenista Interamericano y las organizaciones internacionales (UNESCO, OIT)
Authors: Cunin Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

A comienzos de las décadas de 1940 y 1950, el indigenismo latinoamericano desempeñó un papel central en el pensamiento de las agencias internacionales sobre la elaboración de políticas diferenciales destinadas a las poblaciones indígenas. Varios autores —Luis Rodríguez-Piñero, Todd Shepard— han destacado la influencia de México en la OIT y la UNESCO, en particular en torno al concepto de “integración”. Sin cuestionar tal continuidad, este artículo también insiste en las discrepancias, reinterpretaciones, malentendidos entre el Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, la OIT y la UNESCO. Al apropiarse de las propuestas del Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, las agencias internacionales transforman los dos sujetos figuras centrales del indigenismo —el «indígena» y el «antropólogo»— en actores globalizados y reubicables en otros contextos —el ‹‹subdesarrollado›› y el ‹‹experto››—. La cuestión de la relación entre derecho y diferencia, entre desarrollo y discriminación, en el corazón del indigenismo, sigue sin resolverse.
El encuentro de sol y luna en la poesía de Briceida Cuevas Cob
Authors: Lamounier Ferreira Alice
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza el tratamiento dado por Briceida Cuevas Cob al sol y la luna como marcadores temporales en la vida cotidiana y personajes antropomorfizados en el aspecto mitológico. Para ello, primero se realiza un preámbulo sobre literatura indígena y maya peninsular. En seguida, se hará una discusión sobre el tiempo y la teoría-praxis de la territorialidad indígena, que conduce a una reflexión sobre la memoria. Luego, en la poesía de Cuevas Cob, se tratará del camino de los dos astros celestiales, del paso del tiempo y de la constitución de la memoria de la vida cotidiana. Se recurrirá al Popol Vuh para comprender la existencia del sol y la luna actuales como principio cosmológico maya. Además, en el trabajo de Cuevas Cob se verá cómo esos astros adquieren características distintas en términos de cuerpo y agencia humana. Finalmente, haremos algunas consideraciones finales sobre la memoria espaciotemporal en la poesía de Cuevas Cob.
SOCIAL THEORIES AND DISCURSIVE AND NON-DISCURSIVE SOCIAL PRACTICES: AN EDUCATIONAL TEST
Authors: Boichenko Mykhailo
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the potential of using the results of the study of non-discursive social practices to understand the behavioral basis for the possible practical use of social theories. The example of the field of education focuses on the distinction between cognitive, affective and psychomotor dimensions of social communication. Assumptions have been made about the underestimation of the affective, and especially the psychomotor realm, to identify the resource and limits of discursive practices. Classical studies in educational psychology, primarily the works of Benjamin Bloom, David Krathwohl, Anita Harrow and their followers, are involved in philosophical analysis as its object. Educational practices are bodily practices no less than discursive ones. However, it is impossible to reduce these practices to the entering either to the self-sufficient universe of the text or into the self-sufficient universe of the body. The realm of the emotional serves as a link between the bodily and the cognitive, and applying to the emotional experience of values can be the best way to consolidate both bodily and cognitive practices. One of the important conclusions is the recognition not only of the relative autonomy of the cognitive, affective and psychomotor realms in the theoretical aspect, but also the identification of their practical interdependence. The sphere of education appears as a model for observing how a person masters the levels and, parallel and mutually determined, dimensions of the pyramids of the development of personal abilities. Achieving perfection by a person in one dimension is impossible without the simultaneous development of his abilities in the other two. Discourse appears for the person as a situation in which he/she experiences the integral result of the development of his/her abilities in all three dimensions — cognitive, affective and psychomotor.
Discrete estimators of covariance components of vectorial periodically nonstationary random processes
Authors:   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Matsko I.Y.
Published: December 2020

The properties of estimators for invariants of covariance tensor-function of vectorial periodically correlated random processes, calculated on the base of discrete data, are analyzed. It is shown that aliasing effect of the first kind leads to incorrect estimation of the mean function Fourier coefficients and the second kind leads to decreasing a convergence of covariance components estimator. The conditions of avoidance of the aliasing effect of the first and the second kinds are obtained. Formulas for the estimator variance and bias, which allow comparing efficiency of the discrete and the continuous estimators, are derived. The consistency of estimators is proved. Dependences of the estimators variances and biases on realization length and signal parameters are found.
Wawelet transform application for classification of solutions of reaction-diffusion systems
Authors:   Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, Vasjunyk Z.I. , Maksymiv Y.I. ,   Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, Meleshko V.V. ,   Pidstryhach Institute for Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics
Published: December 2020

Girer–Meynxardt type system of reaction-diffusion with classical derivatives and Bryusselyator system with fractional time derivatives are investigated. On the basis of computer simulations it is shown that qualitatively different types of oscillatory solutions may arise due to instability in these systems. Wavelet transformations are applied to analyze and classify the solutions of such systems, A comparative estimation of wavelet transforms of oscillatory and chaotic solutions is given and it is shown that such method of classification of solutions is effective.
Account of the errors of switching device for a system with 2-out-of-3 redundancy
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stefanovych T.O. , Shcherbovskykh S.V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2020

The mathematical reliability model is developed that takes into account the errors of the first and second type of switching device for a system with 2-out-of-3 redundancy. The proposed model is designed to determine the reliability characteristic. The system consists of three identical energy sources and two switching devices. It is assumed that the system is the non-renewable and the switching devices cannot return to their original state. A fault tree mathematically describes the reliability of the system in which the logical conditions for the mutual influence of the components of the system and switching devices are specified. At the first stage, the fault tree is constructed for the system with ideal switching devices, e. g. they operate instantly and do not allow errors. At the second stage, the features of creating a dynamic k-terminal fault tree are considered taking into account the errors of the first and second kind. It is shown that to describe the system it is necessary to take into account six dynamic phenomena. Based on the fault trees, Markov models for the systems are constructed. Using this model, it is analyzed how the errors of the first and second type of switching devices influence the reliability characteristic of the system.
Detection the wave processes in atmosphere on the basis of ultraviolet supervision
Authors:   Lviv Centre of the Institute of Space Research NAS and SSA of Ukraine, Kalita B.I. , Karatayeva L.M. ,   Lviv Center of the Institute for Space Research NAS and SSA of Ukraine, Melnyk M.O. ,   Lviv Center of the Institute for Space Research NAS and SSA of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

It is proved that the electromagnetic ultraviolet radiation, penetrating through an atmosphere, can be recorded by the analysis of the direction, spatial form and the period of change of acoustogravitational waves. An ultraviolet radiation is partly dissipated into acousto-gravitational waves and its intensity acquires a time profile that coincides with the form of acousto-gravitational waves. The ultraviolet radiation fluxes are sensitive to the dynamics of wave processes in the atmosphere. Based on supervision the ultraviolet using the multichannel concentrator allow one to set the direction, spatial form and period of change of acousto-gravitational waves. Based on the supervision of the ultraviolet (UV) using the multichannel concentrator one can set the direction, spatial form and period of change of acousto-gravitational waves. The purpose of the research is to investigate the relation between UV photons in the range from 200 to 400 nm, solar activity, and processes in the atmosphere. Experiments showed that maximum daily variations of UV photons values in the range from 200 to 400 nm are out of phase with solar activity. One can suppose that a part of UV photons are the result of interaction of the galactic cosmic rays with atmosphere.
FOUNDER OF THE UKRAINIAN SCHOOL FOR THE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES IN EXTREME LOAD CONDITIONS To the 110th anniversary of the birth of Academician G.S. Pisarenko
Authors:   Pisarenko Institute for Problems of Strength of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Matveev Valentin V. , Zinkovskii Anatoliy P. ,   Pisarenko Institute for Problems of Strength of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

On November 12, 2020, the scientific community celebrates 110th anniversary of the world-famous Ukrainian scientist in the field of deformable solid mechanics, Honored Scientist of Ukraine, founder of the Institute for Problems of Strength of the NAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1949), Professor (1950), Academician of the NAS of Ukraine (1964) G.S. Pisarenko.
Effect of electric field on seed germination and growth parameters of chickpea Cicer arietinum L.
Authors: Afrasiyab A. , Zafar J. , Muhmmad H.
Published: December 2020

Cicer arietinum (L.) seed were exposed to electric field in the soil via electrodes. Five different EF were (3V,6V, 9V, 12V, and 0V) were induced 10 min after 24hours for 100 days, each treatment was consisting of an isolated gathering of plants. The rate of seed germination was enhanced to the control group. Plant height, root length, number of leaves, number of flowers, dry weight of the plant, and seed weight were measured at harvesting. Plants height by the influence of 3V, 6V, 9V and 12V were found to be significant in all treated groups than the control group, having an increase of 25.5%, 30.5%, 11.8%, and 17.1%. Similarly, root length was significantly increased than the control group, being increased in 3V, 6V and 12V by 28.6%, 24.0%, 3.0% and retarded in 9V by -3.0%. Leaves numbers were significantly higher than the control group, being increased by 25.3%, 25.2%, 15%, and 19.3% respectively. There was no centrality contrast found indifference in, number of flowers, the dried weight of plant and weight of seeds respectively.
The effects of predator odors on stress response and reproduction in Norway rats: A review
Authors: Kliuchnikova M.A. , Struchkov P.V. , Kvasha I.G.
Published: December 2020

Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an invaluable laboratory model organism as well as one of the most common rodent pest species. The currently used rodenticides have several significant drawbacks: toxicity to humans and non-target species, environmental harm, the development of avoidance reactions and genetic resistance to the applied substances in rat populations. One of the proposed approaches for rodent pest control is based on natural ways, such as predation, which could be emulated by predator scents. In rodents, olfaction plays a key role in danger recognition, especially in detection of potential predator. Predator odors can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via central nervous system and thus induce the release of stress hormones. A well-documented suppression of reproduction under psychosocial stress appears to be associated with specific interactions of HPA axis and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Hereby we review research on the influences of predator chemical cues on stress response and reproduction in Norway rats with a special focus on long lasting and chronic effects. We describe the effects of predator odors of fox (Vulpes vulpes), ferret (Mustela putorius) and domestic cat (Felis catus) in detail. Assessment of reproductive success in rats may be treated as a robust experimental model to evaluate ecologically relevant stress effects of predator odors. Application of this approach could promote development of environmentally friendly methods to control rat population density.
Effect of chloretracycline and albendazole on alkaline phosphatase activity of carp gill (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Kurbatova I. , Zakharenko M. , Yaremchuk O.
Published: December 2020

The effect of the antibiotic chlortetracycline and the anthelmintic albendazole on morphological features, internal organs, alkaline phosphatase activity and protein content in the gills of two-year-old carp was studied. It was found that chlortetracycline and albendazole at the studied concentrations in water and short-term action do not affect the morphological features, behavior and internal organs, but change the alkaline phosphatase activity of the gills of two-year-old carp. The antibiotic chlortetracycline at concentrations of 1.10, 3.15, and 6.30 mg/dm3 of water and fish exposure for 72 h reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity of gills in carp of the first experimental group by 2.5 times, in the second – by 2.8 times and in the third – by 2.7 times regard the control; it did not affect the protein content in the gills, morphological features and internal organs of fish. We registered an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of gills in two-year-old carp under effect of anthelmintic albendazole at at the concentration of 1.0 mg/dm3 by 28.2%, while albendazole concentration of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/dm3 did not affect the alkaline phosphatase activity as well as the level of protein in fish body. Our results indicate an important role of gill alkaline phosphatase in assessing the negative effects of antibiotics and water anthelmintics in freshwater fish.
Dynamics of phytoplankton groups in estuarine area of Oued River (Mazafran, Algeria)
Authors: Boudjenah B. , Mokrane Z. , Mokrane Z.
Published: December 2020

Estuaries are the contact areas between fresh and sea waters. These areas are very unstable ecosystems, and the hydrological. physicochemical parameters are extremely variable. Phytoplankton is a very important part of ecosystem and is extremely susceptible to environmental variations. Throughout this analysis we propose to assess a distribution of phytoplankton groups in an estuarine zone (the mouth of Oued Mazafran). and to establish distributions along the adjacent coast as a function of time and space concerned. Hydrological and phytoplankton samples were taken in 04 stations which were located in the region of (Oued Mazafran) from the period (17 January to 18 April) of 2018. The results of salinity, temperature, abundance, diatoms, diatom index and specific richness allow us to say: Stations 1 and 2: (Colonel Abbas beach and river mouth) we have the river's transition ecosystem with a high salinity variations from 16.32 to 30.33 at Station 2. and from 30.08 to 36.86 at Station 1. We note the presence of euryhaline species. Station 3: A freshwater environment (Mazafran Oued) salinities of 0.8 with a large temperature range of 12 to 18 °C and low oxygen concentration of 1.33 mg.dm-3 we have Phytoplankton species of freshwater.Stations 4: Seawater ecosystem with little variation (shellfish center). During this time the specific wealth reported at all stations is 343 species; we have 68.8 per cent of diatom. Station 3 (Oued Mazafran) registered its highest cell density of 11370 cell.dm-3.
Change of microbiological properties of disturbed permafrost soils during their restoration under the influence of fertilizers
Authors: Tikhanovsky A.N.
Published: December 2020

The extent of microbiological processes in soil is determined not only by the number of microorganisms, but mainly by their activity. Therefore, it is extremely relevant to study the influence of various organic, mineral fertilizers, lime used for the cultivation of gley-podzolic soils of the Far North, on the change of intensity and development of the most important microbiological processes in these soils. In its natural state, soils are a multi-component system consisting of many heterogeneous microenvironments inhabited by microorganisms with different food chains. In anthropogenic activities, and in particular, in the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the environmental conditions in soils change significantly, leading to a significant adjustment in taxonomic structure of microbial cenoses and their functional activities. Particularities of soil-climatic conditions also significantly affect species composition and features of functioning of microbocenoses in soils. Therefore, when choosing the most effective methods of soil cultivation in each particular climate zone, a lot of attention is paid to their biological assessment. The studies show that fertilizer and lime has a positive effect on the prokaryote complex of soil microorganisms of everfrozen soils.
Influence of agricultural systems and basic tillage on soil microorganisms number under winter wheat crops of the Right-bank Forest-Dteppe of Ukraine
Authors: Karpenko O.Yu. , Rozhko V.M. , Butenko A.O.
Published: December 2020

The results of studying the influence of different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage on the number of microorganisms and its phytotoxicity in the field of winter wheat are presented. It is proved that different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage do not equally affect the microbiological activity of the rhizosphere of winter wheat in the number and species composition of microorganisms. As a result, the variants created different conditions for the course of biochemical processes in the soil and the formation of crop yields. Moldboard-boardless tillage and the ecological system of agriculture proved to be more promising.
Effect of climate change on heat waves in the South Sea of Iran
Authors: Safieh J. , Rebwar D. , Forough J.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to identify the heat waves of the South Sea of Iran and compare the conditions in the present and future. To reach this goal, the average daily temperature of 35 years has been used. Also, in order to predict future heat waves, the maximum temperature data of four models of the CMIP5 model series, according to the RCP 8.5 scenario, has been used for the period 2040-2074. In order to reverse the output of the climatic models, artificial neural networks were used to identify the thermal waves, and the Fumiaki index was used to determine the thermal waves. Using the programming in MATLAB software, the days when their temperature exceeded 2 standard deviations as a thermal wave were identified. The results of the research show that the short-term heat waves are more likely to occur. Heat waves in the base period have a significant but poorly developed trend, so that the frequency has increased in recent years. In the period from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of thermal waves has a significant decreasing trend, but usually with low coefficients. However, for some stations from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of predicted heat waves increased.
Investigation of water quality in wet and dry seasons under climate change
Authors: Safieh J. , Rebwar D. , Hamed M.H.
Published: December 2020

Background: Providing fresh water suitable for drinking and farming and living organisms in the ecosystem is essential. To evaluate water quality, qualitative indicators are often employed for managing water resources and water quality protection and pollution abatement. Aim: This study evaluated the quality of Borkhar basin water resources using three different water quality indices, including National Institutes of Health Water Quality Index (NIHWQI) having nine parameters, the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) having eight parameters, and the Canadian Water Quality Indices (CWQI) with 22 main parameters. Material and methods: Using data for a period of 30 years, NIHWQI, OWQI and CWQI were used. To analyze water quality of the entire basin for current and future time. New findings: Results showed that water quality of the basin was in a very moderate range according to NSFWQI, and was in a very bad range accordingly to OWQI. Water quality forecasts showed that future water quality would be bad, based on OWQI and moderate based on NSFWQI, whereas based on CWQI, it will be good for drinking, and bad for aquatic animals, recreation, irrigation, and livestock use.
Commonwealth of Independent States: Constitutional, legal and environmental realities
Authors: Kim Y.V. , Anichkin E.S. , Anichkin E.S.
Published: December 2020

The formation and development of the Commonwealth took place ambiguously, in difficult conditions, formed under the complex influence of external and internal geopolitical, environmental and inner factors, and did not have the desired dynamics. Successful implementation of the ambitious tasks to further deepen the integration processes in the CIS is impossible without the inclusion of constitutional and legal tools. In the presented work, the authors propose approaches that are possible at the current stage of development of the CIS and its member states to increase the effectiveness of constitutional, legal and institutional support for the development of the Commonwealth.
Ecological aspects of visual tracking technology and personal data protection
Authors: Remmikh E.A. , Vasiliev A.A. , Vasiliev A.A.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the most important problems of protection of human rights in the field of personal data connected with information collection through the visual tracking. The possible risks of using CCTV (closed-circuit television) cameras and the consequences of their improper use are considered. In addition, the authors assessed the relationship between the public security interests and the need to protect the privacy of the individual citizen. This study is related to the widespread digitalization of society and the expansion of application scope regards the face recognition technology.
Communities of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class in the Biysk-Chumysh Upland region (Altai Krai)
Authors: Ovcharova N.V. , Matsyura A.V.
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the study of the syntaxonomic diversity of meadow vegetation in the Biysk-Chumysh Upland region (Altai Krai) based on the analysis of 230 complete geobotanical descriptions. The levels of hydration and use (grazing, idle land) are proved to be the main ecological factors. The variety of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class in the Biysk-Chumysh Upland (Altai Krai) is represented by three orders. The Molinietalia order is representative of wet meadows, whose floristic composition is mostly comprised of water resistant species. The Arrhenatheretalia order is representative of well-hydrated meadows. The Galietalia veri encompasses the communities of steppe meadows, the cenoflora of which unites the species of true meadows and meadow steppes.
Ecological ordination of the grass vegetation in Altai Krai
Authors: Ovcharova N.V. , Matsyura A.V.
Published: December 2020

The article shows a variety of ordination methods used to analyze different types of vegetation and presents the results of the ordinal analysis of meadow (i.a. idle lands) and steppe phytocenoses that are widespread in Altai Krai. Ecological ordination is performed by means of the Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) method. The ordination of grass communities is based on 616 complete geobotanical descriptions (330 - meadow, 286 - steppe). The article determines the position of community types on the gradients of humidification and soil richness-salinity for steppes and suggests the directions of the progressive successions of idle land communities in Altai Krai.
Parameters of adaptability, biological and economical valuable traits of soft wheat promising lines
Authors: Moskalets T.Z. , Vovkohon A.H. , Ovezmeradova O.B.
Published: December 2020

Results of research of soft winter wheat new lines of hexaploid level by morphological features, biological properties and biochemical parameters were given. During 2018–2020 in the Northern part of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the assessment of the general adaptive capacity by the yielding capacity and biological-agronomic traits are given and promising ones are highlighted (Donzorna, Flonormyra, Polezoriana). The new wheat lines have proved themselves well given the consistently high winter, drought resistance, and productivity, coefficient of variation is low, variance of stability, homeostaticity, and selection value – high. According to the biochemical composition of the grain, the studied lines are characterized by medium and high ‘raw’ protein content and gluten content. New selection wheat lines own by the technological indicators (the volumetric bread outut of 100 g of drough, the total baking rating), flour ‘quite satisfactory’, ‘good’, and ‘excellent’ score (Sviatdonivka, Flonormyra). The new wheat line Donzorna is characterized by the presence of 1BL/1RS wheat-rye translocation, which distinguishes it as a donor of resistance to biotic and abiotic factors and requires further more detailed study.
Global community security: manifestations, priorities, and threats
Authors: Vyshnevska O. , Melnyk I. , Sarapina O.
Published: December 2020

The authors investigate the nature, components and features of globalisation in terms of its manifestations in society, development priorities, potential threats. It is proved that the processes that occur in the globalisation environment require the unity of efforts and implementation of a common policy of eliminating threats. The aggravation of conflicts due to the environmental issues and the social response to it are defined. It is determined that the common policy will facilitate the environmental protection, create the background for ensuring the global security by reducing social tensions. The common policy on a partnership basis allows to join forces for environmental protection, raise awareness of the ecological problems, introduce cost-effective approaches to the use of certain types of natural resources, conservation of ecosystems. It is determined that the practical realisation of ecological tasks at the national, regional and local levels must comply with the ratified agreements, implement the standards of the international law, take note of the actual transboundary threats. It is substantiated that the coordinated ecological policy, responsibility at different levels of government, sufficient funding of ecological projects will help to reduce the temperature rise and prevent the global ecological catastrophe. The environmental dimensions of global adaptation must have not only a quantitative impact on the environment, but also aggregate the ethical and moral indicators of measuring the social attitude to nature. The practical necessity of using the Environmental Code and the Environmental Court is determined. The efficiency of the partnership-based cooperation, coordination of actions with the environmental organisations, movements, eco-activists is proved. The global economic prospects should be oriented towards environmental dimensions, taking into account the need to ensure the global social security.