bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Messy Leadership: Interrupting Marketplace Responses to Leadership in Learning and Teaching
Authors: Cary Lisa J.
Published: January 2023

Excellence, professional development, and educational leadership – all of these terms can be seen as unstable, dereferentialised, or empty signifiers - as their meaning (or the work they do) is not fixed. However, in spite of this, they have become ‘part and parcel’ of educational leadership in the Enlightenment institutions of the ‘not so’ modern universities and schools, which are in ruins. These terms are products of what Foucault (1977) termed regimes of truth, and they have become focused on meeting the perceived needs of the neoliberal marketplace. In this paper I address the regime of truth that is entitled: – Educational Leadership. Some have called this turn the ‘Learning Paradigm’ or the ‘Learnification’ of higher education. In order to reveal how this move is made possible, I have drawn upon the work of Hargreaves (1998) and Cary (2004) to investigate this epistemological construction with an increasing sense of urgency. Indeed, as a cis-gendered white woman and leader in learning and teaching I have turned back to the poststructural feminist theoretical understandings that informed my earliest work to theorise what ‘messy leadership’ might look like in this space, as a strategic move to work within/against these external reductive forces. We need to interrupt totalizing and exclusivist regimes of truth and I believe Messy Leadership has the potential to contribute to this. This helps move the discussion into the current context which I suggest is a major ‘legitimation crisis’. Sadly, this historic moment has revealed not only how unstable the notion of educational leadership is, but also how the current moves at work to stabilize and constrain leadership can be seen as a marketplace response. Finally, I suggest it is time to address the elephant in the room - if educational leadership is unstable and in crisis, how might we make use of a Messy Leadership to interrupt specific regimes of truth? As Manalansan (2014) reminds us, ““mess is seen not as aberrant but rather as constitutive of social realities and systems” (p. 99). By bringing this lens to our leadership work we can reveal the technologies of power at play, interrupt exclusive and reductionist understandings and create new spaces in leadership. We need to ensure previously erased stories and subjects are made visible and celebrated. This grounded approach to understand leadership ‘from below’, to listen carefully and constructively and to reorienting our stance as leaders has the potential to produce significant shifts in what it means to lead, by interrupting the masculinist dominant subjectivities of educational leadership.
Lymphoscintigraphy Using Tilmanocept Detects Multiple Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Melanoma Patients
Authors: Balkin Daniel M. , Tranah Gregory J. , Wang Frederick , O’Donoghue Cristina , Morell Emily A. , Porubsky Caitlin , Nosrati Mehdi , Vaquero Edith M. , Kim HanKyul , Carr Michael J. , Montilla-Soler Jaime L. , Wu Max C. , Torre Donald M. , Kashani-Sabet Mohammed , Zager Jonathan S. , Leong Stanley P.
Published: January 2023

Background

Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept, a multivalent mannose, is readily internalized by the CD206 surface receptor on macrophages and dendritic cells which are abundantly present in lymph nodes. We want to examine the drainage patterns of Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept to sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in melanoma patients following the 10% rule.

Methods

Multi-center retrospective review of patients with cutaneous melanoma undergoing SLN biopsy using Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept between 2008 and 2014 was conducted. Statistical methods were used for data analyses.

Results

Of the 564 patients (mean age of 60.3 and 62% male) with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy showing at least one SLN, several primary tumor sites were included: 27% head/neck, 33% trunk, 21% upper extremity and 19% lower extremity. For the head/neck primary site, 36.5% of patients had multiple draining basins; for the trunk site, 36.4% of patients; for the upper extremity site, 13% of patients; and for the lower extremity, 27.4% of patients. A median of 3 (range 1-18) SLNs were identified and resected. Overall, 78% of patients had >1 SLN identified by Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept. In a multivariate model, patients with >1 SLN were significantly associated with age, Breslow depth, tumor location and higher AJCC tumor stage. A total of 17.7% of patients (100/564) had a positive SLN identified. A total of 145 positive SLNs were identified out of 1,812 SLNs with a positive SLN rate of 8%. Positive SLN status was significantly associated with younger age, greater Breslow depth, mitosis rate, higher AJCC tumor stage, presence of ulceration and angiolymphatic invasion.

Conclusions

Using the 10% rule, Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept detects multiple SLNs in most melanoma patients.
Threat Memory in the Sensory Cortex: Insights from Olfaction
Authors: Li Wen , Wilson Donald A.
Published: January 2023

The amygdala has long held the center seat in the neural basis of threat conditioning. However, a rapidly growing literature has elucidated extra-amygdala circuits in this process, highlighting the sensory cortex for its critical role in the mnemonic aspect of the process. While this literature is largely focused on the auditory system, substantial human and rodent findings on the olfactory system have emerged. The unique nature of the olfactory neuroanatomy and its intimate association with emotion compels a review of this recent literature to illuminate its special contribution to threat memory. Here, integrating recent evidence in humans and animal models, we posit that the olfactory (piriform) cortex is a primary and necessary component of the distributed threat memory network, supporting mnemonic ensemble coding of acquired threat. We further highlight the basic circuit architecture of the piriform cortex characterized by distributed, auto-associative connections, which is prime for highly efficient content-addressable memory computing to support threat memory. Given the primordial role of the piriform cortex in cortical evolution and its simple, well-defined circuits, we propose that olfaction can be a model system for understanding (transmodal) sensory cortical mechanisms underlying threat memory.
A Hypothalamic Perspective of Human Socioemotional Behavior
Authors: Caria Andrea
Published: January 2023

Historical evidence from stimulation and lesion studies in animals and humans demonstrated a close association between the hypothalamus and typical and atypical socioemotional behavior. A central hypothalamic contribution to regulation of socioemotional responses was also provided indirectly by studies on oxytocin and arginine vasopressin. However, a limited number of studies have so far directly investigated the contribution of the hypothalamus in human socioemotional behavior. To reconsider the functional role of the evolutionarily conserved hypothalamic region in regulating human social behavior, here I provide a synthesis of neuroimaging investigations showing that the hypothalamus is involved in multiple and diverse facets of human socioemotional behavior through widespread functional interactions with other cortical and subcortical regions. These neuroimaging findings are then integrated with recent optogenetics studies in animals demonstrating that the hypothalamus plays a more active role in eliciting socioemotional responses and is not simply a downstream effector of higher-level brain systems. Building on the aforementioned evidence, the hypothalamus is argued to substantially contribute to a continuum of human socioemotional behaviors promoting survival and preservation of the species that extends from exploratory and approaching responses facilitating social bonding to aggressive and avoidance responses aimed to protect and defend formed relationships.
A unified method for parameter optimization and dynamic characteristics analysis of tuned mass damper inerter
Authors: Peng Sijie , Zhang Lianzhen , Zhang Daguang
Published: January 2023

To enhance the performance of the tuned mass damper (TMD), an inerter has recently been incorporated into a conventional TMD system to constitute a new type of an inerter-based passive control system, namely, tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI). The present study proposes a unified design idea for the TMDI based on the Kramers–Kronig relations in the complex effective mass. The TMDI is equivalent to a combination of a static mass and a conventional TMD, and the theoretical links between the TMDI and conventional TMD have been established. Based on the proposed method, the performance of the TMDI is investigated combined with the existing dynamic characteristics of the conventional TMD. It is concluded that the proposed design idea is feasible, and the previously reported dynamic characteristics of the TMDI can be well demonstrated. Moreover, the mass ratio of the equivalent TMD can be used to compare the control performance of the TMDI and TMD, and when it is larger than the physical mass ratio, the inerter enhances the control performance of the TMD.
Chitosan-based nanocapsules by emulsification containing PUFA concentrates from tuna oil
Authors: Engelmann Jenifer Ines , de Farias Bruna Silva , Igansi Andrei Vallerão , Silva Patrick Peres , Cadaval Tito Roberto Santana , Gelesky Marcos Alexandre , Crexi Valéria Terra , de Almeida Pinto Luiz Antonio
Published: January 2023

Chitosan nanocapsules containing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrates from tuna oil, with EPA  +  DHA contents around 57% (w/w), were developed by emulsification process, using different chitosan concentration (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, w/v) and stirring speed (10,000, 15,000, 20,000 rpm). The effects of these parameters on particle size and zeta potential were evaluated. The physical and oxidative stabilities were used to measure the product quality during storage. Chitosan concentration, stirring speed and its interaction significantly affected ( p < 0.05) the particle size. In addition, chitosan concentration significantly affected ( p < 0.05) the zeta potential of nanocapsules emulsion. Based on the results of physical and oxidative stabilities, the nanocapsules were stable for 30 days under refrigeration temperature (7 °C), and with 1.5–2% chitosan resulted in improved protection against oil oxidation. The nanocapsules produced with 2% chitosan and 10,000 rpm showed the lowest variations of polydispersity index and nanocapsules size after 30 days of storage (221.8 ± 3.0 nm). These conditions can be considered the most suitable to produce nanocapsules of PUFA concentrates from tuna oil using chitosan as wall material. These nanocapsules showed physical characteristics and oxidative stability, which could enable their application in the food industry, representing an important source of EPA and DHA fatty acids.
Effect of cold-pressed hazelnut cake incorporation on the quality characteristic of meat emulsion system and its potential application for frankfurter-type beef sausages
Authors: Atalar İlyas , Gül Osman , Kurt Abdullah , Saricaoğlu Furkan Türker , Gençcelep Hüseyin
Published: January 2023

This research was performed to investigate the effect of hazelnut cake (HC) as a cold press waste product on the physicochemical and textural properties of the frankfurter-type sausages during cold storage. According to the highest emulsion capacity (174.14 mL oil/g), emulsion stability (79.86%), and optimum rheological results obtained in emulsions, 1% HC concentration was selected for the utilization in the sausage formulation. HC added sausage was compared with the control sample at 4 °C for 60 days of storage. HC addition increased the hardness and chewiness properties and decreased weight loss of sausages during storage. The incorporation of HC in formulation slowed down the increase in malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes concentrations after the 15th day of storage compared to the control sausages. The results demonstrated that HC presented a good opportunity for protecting the quality parameters of emulsified meat products during storage.
Surgical findings and outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism in cats: a multi-institutional retrospective study
Authors: Del Magno Sara , Foglia Armando , Rossanese Matteo , Montinaro Vincenzo , Cola Veronica , Pisoni Luciano , Rossetti Diego , Cantatore Matteo , De La Puerta Benito , Nicoli Stefano , Pisani Guido , Collivignarelli Francesco , Romanelli Giorgio , Cinti Filippo , Olimpo Matteo , Fracassi Federico
Published: January 2023

Case series summary

Twenty-nine cats from different institutions with confirmed or highly suspected primary hyperaldosteronism treated by unilateral adrenalectomy were retrospectively included in this study. The most frequent clinical signs were lethargy (n = 20; 69%) and neck ventroflexion (n = 17; 59%). Hypokalaemia was present in all cats, creatinine kinase was elevated in 15 and hyperaldosteronism was documented in 24. Hypertension was frequently encountered (n = 24; 89%). Preoperative treatment included potassium supplementation (n = 19; 66%), spironolactone (n = 16; 55%) and amlodipine (n = 11; 38%). There were 13 adrenal masses on the right side, 15 on the left and, in one cat, no side was reported. The median adrenal mass size was 2 × 1.5 cm (range 1–4.6 × 0.4–3.8); vascular invasion was present in five cats, involving the caudal vena cava in four cats and the renal vein in one. Median duration of surgery was 57 mins. One major intraoperative complication (3%) was reported and consisted of haemorrhage during the removal of a neoplastic thrombus from the caudal vena cava. In 4/29 cats (14%), minor postoperative complications occurred and were treated medically. One fatal complication (3%) was observed, likely due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. The median duration of hospitalisation was 4 days; 97% of cats survived to discharge. The potassium level normalised in 24 cats within 3 months of surgery; hypertension resolved in 21/23 cats. Follow-up was available for 25 cats with a median survival of 1082 days. Death in the long-term follow-up was mainly related to worsening of comorbidities.

Relevance and novel information

Adrenalectomy appears to be a safe and effective treatment with a high rate of survival and a low rate of major complications. Long-term medical treatment was not required.
Ultrasonographic monitoring of feline epaxial muscle height as part of an annual wellness examination to assess for the development of sarcopenia
Authors: Lutchman Aaron , Shanker Natasha , Comerford Eithne , German Alexander J , Leung Y Becca , Maddox Thomas , Dowgray Nathalie
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine if epaxial muscle height (EMH) could be reliably incorporated into annual routine wellness screenings, and also determine its relationship to age, body condition score (BCS), subjective muscle assessment (SMA), breed and sex in mature cats.

Methods

EMH was determined independently by three observers from ultrasonographic examinations – collected by an additional trained individual – of cats enrolled at the Feline Healthy Ageing Clinic, University of Liverpool, UK. Age, body weight, BCS and SMA data were also collected.

Results

A total of 92 cats were included, 35 of which had repeat ultrasonographic examinations 12 months apart. Enrolled cats were a median age of 8 years and 9 months at the time of the first measurement. Variation in the quality of ultrasonographic images collected did not affect muscle depth measurements ( P = 0.974). Further, there was good intra- and inter-observer repeatability for all observations (intraclass correlation range 0.97−0.99). There was a moderate positive association between EMH and body weight ( r = 0.49, P <0.001) but no association with age ( r = −0.05, P = 0.680). There were also positive associations in EMH among cats with different BCSs ( P = 0.001) and SMAs (thoracic spine, P = 0.021; lumbar spine, P = 0.014), but breed ( P = 0.429) and sex ( P = 0.187) had no effect. Finally, there was no change in EMH measurements in the paired samples ( P = 0.145) or correlation between percentage weight and EMH change over 12 months.

Conclusions and relevance

The accuracy of EMH measurement using ultrasonographic imaging is good, irrespective of observer experience and provided that the ultrasonographer has some training. This suggests that ultrasonographic measurement of EMH could have a major practical impact as a non-invasive determination of muscle mass in pet cat populations. Further research is required to assess longitudinal changes in muscle mass over time in senior pet cats.
Onion ring sign on spectral domain optical coherence tomography in diabetic macular edema: Its evolution and outcomes
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Mangla Rubble , Sharief Shama , Arora Sahil , Reddy Nikitha Gurram , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Chhablani Jay
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To report evolution and outcomes of hyperreflective crystalline deposit (HCD) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diabetic maculopathy (DM).

Methods

Patients with DM showing HCD on OCT for the first time between June 2017 and May 2021 were included in the study. Demographic, ophthalmic and OCT features were documented and analysed. Factors leading to the development of HCD and its effect on the functional outcome were analysed and described in this study.

Results

Sixty cases of HCD were identified in 45 (males −33; females – 12) patients for the first-time during the defined study period. Mean age of the eligible patients was 61.53 ± 8.19 years. Average duration of diabetes was 13.82 ± 7.38 years. Mean visual acuity of these patients was 0.902 ± 0.438 logMAR units (Snellen equivalent = 20/160). Patients with HCD showed subretinal hard exudates, were on anti-cholesterol medications (n = 36, 80%) and showed reduced visual acuity (20/160) if the HCD involved the fovea. The median time taken for the development of HCD was 28 months. Mean follow-up duration of the study was 26.19 ± 27.98 months. Persistence of HCD in all cases (n = 42, 100%) was noted at the last follow-up visit.

Conclusion

Horizontal, single or multi-layered HCDs on OCT in DM represent intraretinal or subretinal cholesterol crystal precipitates evolving from the hard exudates identical to the “onion ring sign” seen in neovascular AMD. HCDs or CCs depict deranged lipid metabolism, chronic vascular leakage and can lead to substantial visual impairment if the fovea gets involved.
Late Onset of Organizing Pneumonia Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report of Successful Management and Review Literature
Authors: Le Dung Tien , Vu Vu Hoang , Nguyen Dinh Hoang , Vo Duc Tan , Pham Quang Dang Duy , Nguyen Khang Duong , Truong Binh Quang
Published: January 2023

A late consequence of COVID-19, organizing pneumonia is characterized by significant imaging and pathological abnormalities. The goals of this study are to better understand these abnormalities. The use of corticoid continues to be the recommended course of treatment for COVID-19. On the other hand, it is not clear whether or not corticoid has the same impact on organizing pneumonia after COVID-19. A 53-year-old male patient was identified with organized pneumonia following COVID-19 infection. He was diagnosed after experiencing severe respiratory symptoms several days with no improvement. We initiated a high dose of corticoid based on imaging and pathological findings and observed a significant response. In addition, we looked into the research that has been done concerning the diagnosis and treatment of this peculiar ailment. Patients who have been diagnosed with pneumonia after COVID 19 are required to undergo a reevaluation that includes a chest CT scan, and some of these patients may be candidates for an early lung biopsy. The most effective and convincing therapy for COVID-19-induced organizing pneumonia is corticoid treatment at a dose equivalent to 0.5 mg/kg/day of prednisone.
Efficacy of Cryotherapy Combined With Intralesional Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) Versus Intralesional PPD Monotherapy in the Treatment of Multiple Common Warts
Authors: Awad Sara M. , Gomaa Ahmed S. , Hassan Hiba A. , Tawfik Yasmin M.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Intralesional antigen immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of different types of warts, particularly if multiple and/or recalcitrant.

Aim

to investigate the efficacy and safety of combined cryotherapy with intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) immunotherapy in the treatment of multiple common warts.

Methods

Fifty patients were randomly divided into two groups (25 patients each): Group A: receiving intralesional PPD immunotherapy for the largest wart, while group B: receiving cryotherapy for all warts plus intralesional PPD for the largest wart. Treatments were performed every 2 weeks for a maximum of four sessions. Photographs were taken at baseline and at each visit and clinical response was evaluated by the reduction in number and size of warts. Adverse effects were recorded.

Results

There was a significant reduction in size and number of warts in both groups ( P < .001), with no significant difference between the two groups. Complete clearance of the lesions was observed in 48% of patients in group A and 44% in group B ( P = .39). Higher rates of near complete/complete response were achieved after fewer sessions (2, 3 sessions) in group B ( P = .002). Blistering was common after cryotherapy. Higher rate of hypopigmentation was noticed after combined treatment than after PPD monotherapy (56%, 8% respectively; P < .001), which resolved gradually.

Conclusion

Both intralesional PPD alone and combined cryotherapy with PPD are safe and effective in clearing of common warts. Cryotherapy may be a successful adjunct to intralesional PPD immunotherapy that helps in reducing the number of treatment sessions. The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with ID: NCT04288817
The influence of surface topography on mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication in point contacts
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Zhang Boyang , Zhang Qingdong , Li Rui
Published: January 2023

Surface topography plays an important role in mixed lubrication. However, the influence of the surface topography's morphological characteristics on lubrication performance is still not fully understood. In this article, we employ digital filtering and the Johnson transformation system, and we use a mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to simulate the lubricated contact between rough spherical surfaces with different morphological characteristic parameters. The influence of skewness, kurtosis, and the wavelength factor, that is, the ratio between the autocorrelation lengths in the transversal and longitudinal directions, on contact pressure, film thickness, and von Mises (subsurface) stress, is examined with the mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model. The results confirm that plastic deformation leads to lower pressure distribution, distributed over a larger contact area than the pure elastohydrodynamic lubrication solution. Moreover, it is found that an increase in the kurtosis may improve the lubrication performance, while the opposite is true for the skewness and the wavelength factor. We believe that the insights obtained by means of the numerical simulations presented herein, would facilitate the design and manufacturing processes of the surfaces used for machine elements operating in the mixed plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime.
Investigating the potential of changing the smartphone system language to L2 for facilitating vocabulary learning and motivation
Authors: Xueting Ye Shelly , Shi Jia
Published: January 2023

Few mobile-assisted vocabulary learning approaches fully correspond to the authenticity principle of the situated learning theory (SLT). A novel practice of changing the smartphone system language to second language (L2), which intends to better implement SLT in a real smartphone context, is the focus of this study. To explore the potential of using this under-researched approach to facilitate L2 vocabulary learning, a mixed-method design was adopted to investigate its impact on vocabulary acquisition, global language learning motivation, and vocabulary learning motivation. Participants’ pre- and post-test scores on the vocabulary knowledge test and motivation questionnaires were compared between the experimental and control groups. Interviews were also conducted to understand learners’ perceptions of this novel approach. Both quantitative and qualitative results indicated that the approach of changing smartphone system language to L2 was effective in increasing learners’ vocabulary knowledge gains and improving their global and vocabulary learning motivation. These findings contribute to the literature on L2 vocabulary learning and provide significant pedagogical implications.
Bold resistance: Developing tenets of femme analysis for an era of popular feminism
Authors: Kornfield Sarah , Long Chloe
Published: January 2023

Feminist analyses of postfeminism too often abject femininity, rendering spectacular femininity as a masquerade that endears women to heterosexual men. Moving into the era of popular feminism, feminist analyses have yet to renegotiate this abjection of femininity, often eclipsing the potential for resistance in favor of highlighting the pernicious effects of capitalism. Analyzing vignettes from The Bold Type (2017–2021), this research draws on femme theory to map an analytical framework that reinterprets spectacular femininity, developing strategies for critical analyses that can recognize fem(me)inine resistance within a landscape that commodifies femininity and feminism.
Nurses’ and midwives’ contributions to a public health response to keeping children safe from abuse and neglect – a Delphi study
Authors: Lines Lauren E , Kakyo Tracy A , Hutton Alison E , Grant Julian M
Published: January 2023

Nurses and midwives can be instrumental to global efforts to address child abuse and neglect through a public health approach of prevention and early intervention. However, there is limited understanding of nurses’ and midwives’ roles, and no international or local guidelines to inform and evaluate their safeguarding practices. The aim of this modified Delphi study was to build consensus on the nature and scope of nursing and midwifery practice in safeguarding children in Australia. Sixty-four statements located within seven clusters were developed from a literature review and nursing and midwifery practice standards. Participants ( N = 102) were nurses and midwives working with children in diverse contexts. They were asked to indicate the importance of each statement to their practice setting. Consensus (80%) was achieved on all statements in Round Two. Findings highlight that participating nurses and midwives agreed safeguarding children is a core component of their practice in diverse child-focussed settings. Findings can inform ongoing discussions about development of nursing and midwifery practice standards and guide effective workforce preparation, education, support and resourcing. Further research about ongoing development of nursing and midwifery roles in safeguarding children is essential to explore how to most effectively mobilise these professions to prevent child abuse and neglect.
Hazardous alcohol use among Danish adolescents during the second wave of COVID-19: Link between alcohol use and social life
Authors: Vallentin-Holbech Lotte , Ewing Sarah W. Feldstein , Thomsen Kristine Rømer
Published: January 2023

Background: Adolescent drinking has historically been closely linked to social events, and across many countries, students typically increase drinking rates when they transition to upper secondary school. COVID-19-related restrictions offered a unique possibility to examine how changes in social life impact adolescent drinking in the transition to upper secondary school. Aim: The current study investigated changes in hazardous alcohol use, social life and well-being among Danish first-year students (mean age = 16.8 years) during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when restrictions gradually became more intensified. Methods: Data were collected at two time points among 352 Danish students in the first months of upper secondary school (August and November 2020). Multilevel regression models tested changes across time on past 30 days hazardous alcohol use (dependent variables). Separate models tested whether changes in alcohol use were related to gender, social interaction, loneliness and mental health. Results: During increased COVID-19-related restrictions in the second wave, students decreased the frequency and quantity of drinking (number of drinking days and binge drinking), which was associated with attending fewer parties. Students also reported less high-intensity drinking and fewer alcohol-related consequences. Students reported better mental health, but more students were affected by loneliness. Changes in mental health or loneliness were not related to reduced hazardous alcohol use. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that alcohol use decreased among Danish students transitioning to upper secondary school during the COVID-19 pandemic when restrictions increased, thereby providing support for a close link between adolescent alcohol use and social life; this is an important frame that is relevant when designing interventions to promote healthier and less risky choices throughout the next phase(s) of the pandemic and in general.
A data-driven approach for modifying the rope dynamics model of the flexible hoisting system
Authors: Mao Shuai , Tao Jiangfeng , Xie Jingren , Xu Shuang , Chen Longye , Yu Honggan , Liu Chengliang
Published: January 2023

In the flexible hoisting system, past research focused on the physical modeling without considering complex external environmental variables such as guided rails excitation and shaft effect, leading to a significant deviation between the physical model and the actual model. However, the physical modeling is difficult to model the actual dynamics of the rope strictly under the actual working conditions. This paper takes a high-speed elevator hoisting system as an example. A modified model combining the physical model and the data-driven model is proposed to mitigate the deviation between the physical model and the actual model. In the experiments, the vibration signals of the rope were extracted from images collected by a camera. A beat-like phenomenon of the vibration signals is discovered in the vibration signals of the rope during the acceleration stage. The experiment results demonstrate that the modified model can more accurately model the dynamics of the rope under the actual working conditions and reduce the absolute error of 75.9% compared with the physical model. The proposed model also provides a reference for the modification of the complex dynamic models.
Growth aspiring entrepreneurs’ response to corporate tax rates: Is it universally negative?
Authors: Reddy Colin David
Published: January 2023

The article challenges the universal assumption in the literature that corporate tax rates constrain growth-aspiring entrepreneurs. The strength of financial intuitions may be a stronger predictor of growth aspirations than corporate tax rates. With the support of strong financial institutions, countries possessing norms supportive of individual success and risk-taking will lead growth-aspiring entrepreneurs to persist in the face of corporate tax rate increases. For countries with weak financial institutions, it does not matter whether norms are supportive or not of individual success and risk-taking behaviour; entrepreneurs do not have the means to grow their enterprises and thus do not show a strong response to corporate tax rate increases. This argument is supported by an analysis of 394 country-year observations for 77 countries from the GEM and World Bank databases. The study contributes to understanding the contextual conditions required for growth-aspiring entrepreneurs to overcome tax constraints and, more broadly, formal institutional constraints. Our qualifying condition in performance-oriented norms points to the importance of informal institutions in promoting entrepreneurial resilience and persistence. This also points to the importance of the interdependency between formal and informal institutions when explaining economic behaviour.
The story of Freud’s patient Anna von Lieben – as told by Anna von Lieben
Authors: Reilly Hilda
Published: January 2023

Anna von Lieben (Cäcilie M.) was treated for some 5 years by Sigmund Freud who discussed her case in Studies on Hysteria. This article presents an alternative view of the case based on the discovery of new primary material, principally, a handwritten corpus of confessional poetry by Anna herself. The poems were studied using a qualitative research methodology, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), the findings of which were then further explored through the lens of her husband’s unpublished diary entries. On this basis, it is suggested that Anna’s ill-health appears to have been due mainly to chronic gynaecological disease, morphinism, troubles of iatrogenic origin and possibly phenomena similar to what are now termed psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNESs). Overall, the findings contradict Freud’s account of satisfactory therapeutic progress culminating in a cure.
Pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism and COVID-19: A district general hospital experience from the UK
Authors: Mahdi Noor , Nadeem Iftikhar , Ur Rasool Masood , Ul Munamm Syed Ata , Khatana Usman Feroze , Rashad Faisal , Babu Anoop
Published: January 2023

Background:

Preliminary data suggest that the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with COVID-19 is around 13%, but its prognostic role remains unclear. Approximately 3% of patients develop chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It is recommended that patients are screened for CTEPH if they remain symptomatic 3 months following diagnosis of PE. The primary aim of the study was to assess the chances of persistent PH following PE secondary to COVID-19.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a District General Hospital (DGH) in the United Kingdom. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and PE between April 2020 and October 2021 were examined. Patients were divided into two groups:·COVID-19 and PE with comorbidities (excluding pre-existing PH) and·COVID-19 and PE without comorbidities. We compared the ECHO features suggestive of PH between the two groups at the time of diagnosis of PE and at 3 months following treatment.

Results:

80 patients were included in the study (49 with comorbidities and 31 with no comorbidities). Average age of comorbidities and no comorbidities groups were 73 years and 70 years, respectively. Average PaO2/FiO2 ratio for comorbidities and no comorbidities groups were 170 and 195, respectively. Fourteen patients (13 with comorbidities and 1 with no comorbidities) died in total. Results showed that risk of persistent PH and subsequent mortality following PE in COVID-19 is 4.17 times and 1.32 times more in comorbidity group as compared to no comorbidity group, respectively ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Patients with comorbidities are at high risk of persistent PH and mortality due to PE secondary to COVID-19.
Availability and characteristics of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in family health centers and hospitals from Chile: Descriptive, retrospective and multicentric study
Authors: Méndez Andrea , Nieto Carlos , Hidalgo Gonzalo , Rodríguez-Núñez Iván
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine availability and characteristics of pulmonary rehabilitation programs performed in 2019 in family health centers and hospitals from Chile.

Methodology:

A descriptive and retrospective study was designed, considering PR programs operated in 2019. A non-probability and convenience sample was obtained. Availability and characteristics of centers and PR were measured using a questionnaire translated, modified, validated, and sent by email.

Results

Out of 80 responses (22.8%), 60% of centers offered PR program, where the lack of time was the greatest barrier. The programs were mainly outpatient, non-personalized, with 10(IQR 4–11) participants, 12 (IQR 12–16) weeks of length, with 2.4 ± 0.6 session/week, and 1 (IQR 1–2) hours/session. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was the most frequent diagnostic. The programs were mainly comprised of strength training exercises of lower extremity, upper extremity, walking and education. Team was constituted of physiotherapist and physician, with completed training, and directed by a physiotherapist. Modified Borg, MRC dyspnea scale, six-minute walking test and oximetry were used in the assessments. Between 40-80% of patients completed PR, and the major barrier was patient relocated.

Conclusion

Increasing PR availability, homogenization of exercises and education, prioritization of assessments supported by scientific evidence, and inclusion of follow-up could be useful to improve the access, quality and results of the treatment, considering new models of PR that allow greater access and acceptability.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Physical Health Outcomes of Children in Foster Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Kirsch Jaclyn , Presley Sarah , Beal Sarah J. , Xu Yanfeng , Radney Angelise , Denby Ramona
Published: January 2023

Children of color—especially Black and Indigenous children—are disproportionately overrepresented in foster care and experience barriers in accessing services and receiving physical and behavioral healthcare compared to their White counterparts. Although racial disparities in mental health outcomes of children in foster care have been examined systematically, less is known about racial disparities in their physical health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to examine disparities in physical health outcomes (i.e., general health, developmental delays and disability, chronic illness, health-compromising behaviors, all-cause mortality) of children in foster care by their race and ethnicity (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021272072). Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Of the 6,102 unique studies identified, 24 met inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed journal article; published from 1991 to 2021; written in English; involved children in the U.S. foster care system; children were primarily in family-based placements; included health outcomes; included children’s race and ethnicity; conducted quantitative analyses; and had an observational study design. There was limited evidence to suggest racial disparities among physical health domains examined, in part, due to the small number of studies, variability across study measures and designs, how race and ethnicity were categorized, and how related results were reported. Research that disaggregates results by more nuanced race and ethnicity categories, goes beyond including race and ethnicity as control variables, and uses more robust study designs to understand where racial disparities lie is necessary to inform practice and policy efforts to attain race and health equity in child welfare.
Using a Community-Informed Translational Model to Prioritize Translational Benefits in Youth Concussion Return-to-Learn Programs
Authors: Takagi-Stewart Julian , Avery Aspen , Deshpande Shyam J. , Andersen Stephanie , Combs Todd , Vavilala Monica S. , Prater Laura
Published: January 2023

Background

The Translational Science Benefit Model (TSBM) was developed to broadly capture systematic measures of health and societal benefits from scientific research, beyond traditional outcome measures. We aimed to develop a systematic process for the application of the TSBM and to then provide an example of a novel application of the TSBM to an ongoing Return-to-Learn (RTL) after youth concussion project involving partnerships with community stakeholders.

Methods

We invited investigators, project advisory board, and participants of the RTL project to participate in a modified Delphi process. We first generated a list of potential translational benefits using the indicators of the TSBM as guideposts. We then prioritized the benefits on an adapted Eisenhower matrix.

Results

We invited 35 concussion care or research experts to participate, yielding 20 ranked translational benefits. Six of these recommendations were ranked high priority, six were regarded as investments, and eight were ranked as either low yield or low priority.

Discussion

This study found that activities such as education and training of stakeholders, development of policy and consensus statements, and innovation in dissemination, were perceived as higher priority than other activities. Our approach using a modified Delphi process and incorporating the TSBM can be replicated to generate and prioritize potential benefits to society from research studies.
Are Grit and Self-Control Associated With Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Spine Surgery?
Authors: Dupont Marcel , Araghi Kasra , Shinn Daniel , Qureshi Sheeraz , Iyer Sravisht
Published: January 2023

Background: Grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, and self-control, defined as the capacity to regulate impulses in the presence of momentarily gratifying temptations or diversion, have shown to be predictors of professional achievement. Their role in health care outcomes is less well understood. Purpose: We sought to determine whether grit and self-control are associated with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following spine surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients who underwent cervical or lumbar procedures by a single fellowship-trained spine surgeon between March 2017 and October 2020. We included patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, cervical disk replacement, minimally invasive laminectomy/laminoplasty (MI-D), or minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) with minimum 1-year follow-up. Grit and self-control scores were collected 1 year after the surgery. PROMs were collected preoperatively and at 6 postoperative timepoints. Grit and self-control were compared between patients who achieved substantial clinical benefit (SCB) in either physical or mental health versus those who did not. The association between grit/self-control and change in PROMs was also assessed. Results: In the 129 patients included in the analysis, we found that patients who achieved SCB in mental health had significantly higher grit scores than those who did not. In bivariate analysis, self-control was associated with greater improvement in leg pain scores at 1-year and 2-year follow-up following an MI-D. For the MI-TLIF cohort, grit was associated with a smaller change in Short Form 12 mental component score at 6 weeks, and self-control was associated with a smaller change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function at the 6-month timepoint. Grit and self-control were not associated with PROMs at other timepoints. Conclusion: This retrospective review found that grit and self-control were not significantly associated with PROMs at most postoperative timepoints in patients who underwent spine surgery.
Geometry of intracranial aneurysms and of intrasaccular devices may influence aneurysmal occlusion rates after endovascular treatment
Authors: Mantilla Daniel , Berod Alain , Ortiz Andrés F , D Vera Daniela , Nicoud Franck , Costalat Vincent
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The Woven EndoBridge device (WEB) is used to treat wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. These devices are deployed inside the sac. Therefore, the mesh structure provides apposition with the aneurysm wall and induces aneurysmal thrombosis. The objective of our study was to evaluate the anatomic and device-related parameters and indexes with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of the intracranial aneurysms before and after WEB simulation and find their relationship to complete occlusion.

Materials and methods

Using the heterogeneous model based on the marching cubes algorithm, we created 3D representations of 27 bifurcated intracranial aneurysms treated with the single-layer WEB device to evaluate anatomic and device-related parameters with CFD.

Results

In our CFD analysis, we observed higher large volumes (Va) (0.25 ± 0.18 versus 0.39 ± 0.09, p-value= 0.025) and higher volume to neck surface ratio (Ra) (1.32 ± 0.17 versus 1.54 ± 0.14, p-value= 0.021) in cases with occlusion failure.

Conclusions

Large aneurysm volumes (Va) and higher volume to neck surface ratio (Ra) could be associated with occlusion failure in aneurysms treated with the WEB device.
Fractal analysis of healthy and diseased vasculature in pediatric Moyamoya disease
Authors: Weber Daniel S. , Huang Kevin T. , See Alfred P.
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose

Fractal dimension is an objective metric for the notion of structural complexity. We sought to investigate differences in structural complexity between healthy and affected territories of cerebral vasculature in moyamoya, as well as associated scalp vasculature and native transdural collaterals in patients with moyamoya by comparing their respective fractal dimensions.

Methods

Our cohort consisted of 15 transdural collaterals from 12 patients with unilateral anterior circulation moyamoya. Frames of distal arterial vasculature from internal and external carotid angiograms were selected then automatically segmented and also manually annotated by a cerebrovascular surgeon. In the affected hemisphere, the region with transdural collateral supply was compared to the contralateral region. The resulting skeletonized angiograms were analyzed for their fractal dimensions.

Results

We found the average fractal dimension (Df) of the moyamoya-side ICA was 1.82 with slightly different means for the anteroposterial (AP) and lateral views (mean  =  1.82; mean  =  1.81). The overall mean for healthy cerebral vasculature was also found to be 1.82 (AP: mean  =  1.83; lateral: mean  =  1.81). Mean Df of native transdural collaterals was found to be 1.82 (AP: mean  =  1.83; lateral: mean  =  1.81). The mean Df difference between autosegmented and manually segmented images was 0.013.

Conclusion

In accordance with the clinical understanding of moyamoya disease, the distal arterial structural complexity is not affected in moyamoya, and is maintained by transdural collaterals formed by vasculogenesis. Autosegmentation of cerebral vasculature is also shown to be accurate when compared to manual segmentation.
Newly appointed principals’ professional identity – insights from a Swedish perspective
Authors: Nordholm Daniel Erik , Ritacco Real Maximilian , Bezzina Christopher
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is to explore newly appointed principals’ professional identity formation in Sweden. By addressing five specific aspects of principals’ professional identity, the article analyses how principals depict their ‘knowledge’, ‘understandings’, ‘experiences and wisdom’, ‘values’ and ‘beliefs’ in forming a professional identity. Another focus is on newly appointed principals’ knowledge, understandings, experiences and wisdom, values and beliefs, given their biographical histories. The empirical analysis rests on a qualitative survey conducted with 87 principals who were about to begin the National Principal Training Programme that all newly appointed principals in Sweden have to follow. Theoretically, the analytical work rests on a biographical perspective on principals’ professional identity. The main results show that the identity of newly appointed principals is diverse and also fragmented. Moreover, from a biographical point of view, there are facts prior to professional experience-knowledge that are significant in identity construction and that give meaning to an identity as school principals.