bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coaxial Fibres Incorporated with Phase Change Materials for Thermoregulation Applications
Authors: Hammes Nathalia , Pinheiro Claver , Segundo Iran Rocha , Homem Natália Cândido , Silva M. M. , Felgueiras Helena P. , Soares Graça M. B. , Freitas Elisabete , Costa Manuel F. M. , Carneiro Joaquim Alexandre O.
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, the growing concern about improving thermal comfort in different structures (textiles, buildings, and pavements, among others) has stimulated research into phase change materials (PCMs). The direct incorporation of PCMs into composite materials can cause mechanical impacts. Therefore, this study focuses on the design of phase change coaxial fibres (PCFs), using commercial cellulose acetate (CA) or recycled CA obtained from cotton fabrics (CAt) as the sheath and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 as the core, via the wet spinning method; the fibres vary in molecular weight, concentration and ejection velocity. The fibres were assessed for their optical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The presence of PEG2000 is confirmed in the core of the fibres. Thermal analyses revealed a mass loss at high temperatures, attributable to the presence of PEG2000. Notably, the fibres with CA (Mn 30,000) showed superior thermal and mechanical performance. The melting point of PEG2000 incorporated into these PCFs coincided with the melting point of pure PEG2000 (about 55 °C), with a slight deviation, indicating that PCFs were obtained. Finally, the results point to the application of the fibres in civil engineering materials requiring a phase change between 50 and 60 °C, providing promising prospects for their use in applications requiring thermoregulatory properties.
A Toolchain for Automated Control and Simulation of Robot Teams in Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Production
Authors: Körber Marian , Glück Roland
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces, as a proof of concept, a tool chain for automated control and simulation of a robot team in the domain of production of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers. The starting point is a CAD construction of a simple aviation component from which single cut pieces of carbon fiber, together withtheir properties, are extracted. Using this information and the layout of a given robot cell, various possibilities of assignments of cut pieces to grippers and robots or robot teams are determined. Subsequently, two approaches using an PDDL solver are introduced, with the goal of finding a scheduling for the lay-up process. Finally, the resulting process is simulated using a physics and rendering engine. The main purpose of this paper is to show the feasibility of such an approach; we do not concentrate on the optimization of single process steps and other details. Due to the modular structure of our approach, extensions and optimizations of the single blocks are easy to integrate. At the moment, digitization and automated control are little explored areas in the domain of production technology using pick and place processes in the aerospace industry. We think that our work will lead to further research in this direction.
SSTrack: An Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Spatial Scale Attention
Authors: Mu Qi , He Zuohui , Wang Xueqian , Li Zhanli
Published: March 2024

The traditional Siamese object tracking algorithm uses a convolutional neural network as the backbone and has achieved good results in improving tracking precision. However, due to the lack of global information and the use of spatial and scale information, the accuracy and speed of such tracking algorithms still need to be improved in complex environments such as rapid motion and illumination variation. In response to the above problems, we propose SSTrack, an object tracking algorithm based on spatial scale attention. We use dilated convolution branch and covariance pooling to build a spatial scale attention module, which can extract the spatial and scale information of the target object. By embedding the spatial scale attention module into Swin Transformer as the backbone, the ability to extract local detailed information has been enhanced, and the success rate and precision of tracking have been improved. At the same time, to reduce the computational complexity of self-attention, Exemplar Transformer is applied to the encoder structure. SSTrack achieved 71.5% average overlap (AO), 86.7% normalized precision (NP), and 68.4% area under curve (AUC) scores on the GOT-10k, TrackingNet, and LaSOT. The tracking speed reached 28fps, which can meet the need for real-time object tracking.
Design of Additional Dissipative Structures for Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Buildings
Authors: Bergami Alessandro Vittorio
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach for improving the seismic protection of existing structures by introducing an additional dissipative structure (ADS). The seismic energy impacting the building can be dissipated through the contribution provided by the ADS, thereby reducing the need for the existing building to ensure its seismic capacity. This retrofitting technique is well-suited for structures facing architectural restrictions or challenging-to-update elements. It can help to address foundational issues by applying loads to new external components. This paper describes the design of the ADS and proposes a displacement-based design procedure. The design process involves a nonlinear static analysis and a simple procedure that must be iteratively repeated until the retrofitting target is achieved. This approach is simple and computationally efficient and can also be used for complex and irregular structures. Such structures are frequently encountered, and existing structures often exhibit unusual geometries and materials requiring extensive numerical modeling. The efficacy of this technique was evaluated using the case study of a school building located in central Italy. The results of numerical analyses indicated that owing to the ADS’s contribution, the seismic capacity of both buildings was enhanced, addressing the challenges associated with complex foundational interventions.
Lessons Learned from Investigating Robotics-Based, Human-like Testing of an Upper-Body Exoskeleton
Authors: Klankers Marc Kilian , Rudloff Adrian , Mohammadi Pouya , Hoffmann Niclas , Mir Latifi Seyed Milad , Gökay Ramazan , Nagwekar Rajal , Weidner Robert , Steil Jochen J.
Published: March 2024

Assistive devices like exoskeletons undergo extensive testing not least because of their close interaction with humans. Conducting user studies is a time-consuming process that demands expert knowledge, and it is accompanied by challenges such as low repeatability and a potential lack of comparability between studies. Obtaining objective feedback on the exoskeleton’s performance is crucial for developers and manufacturers to iteratively improve the design and development process. This paper contributes to the concept of using robots for objective exoskeleton testing by presenting various approaches to a robotic-based testing platform for upper-body exoskeletons. We outline the necessary requirements for realistically simulating use cases and evaluate different approaches using standard manipulators as robotic motion generators. Three approaches are investigated: (i) Exploiting the anthropomorphic structure of the robotic arm and directly placing it into the exoskeleton. (ii) Utilizing a customized, direct attachment between the robot and exoskeleton. (iii) Attaching a human arm dummy to the robot end effector to simulate a more realistic interface with the exoskeleton. Subsequently, we discuss and compare the results against the aforementioned requirements of a systematic testing platform. Our conclusion emphasizes that achieving objective and realistic testing necessitates highly specialized hardware, algorithms, and further research to address challenging requirements.
Characteristics and Release Risk of Phosphorus from Sediments in a Karst Canyon Reservoir, China
Authors: Yang Liu-Ying , Jiao Shu-Lin , Wang Lei , Li Yin-Jiu , Yang Mei , Feng Ye-Lin , Li Juan , Wei Zong-Xiao
Published: March 2024

With the continuous improvement of surface water environmental quality in China, sediment has gradually become the focus of research on internal pollution in reservoirs. To investigate the forms, distribution, and migration patterns of phosphorus in karst canyon reservoir sediments, we employed an improved sequential graded extraction method to determine phosphorus content in the sediments of the Wanfeng Reservoir. We studied the spatial distribution characteristics and release risk of phosphorus form in the sediments. The results showed that the total phosphorus (TP) content ranged from 79.37 to 438.04 mg·kg−1, while inorganic phosphorus (IP) content ranged from 77.32 to 424.64 mg·kg−1. Iron–aluminum-bound inorganic phosphorus (Fe/Al-Pi) accounted for 36.41% and was found to be the dominant form of IP. Organic phosphorus (OP) content ranged from 1.84 to 13.59 mg·kg−1, with weakly adsorbed organic phosphorus (H2O-Po) being the dominant form of OP. Potentially active inorganic phosphorus (NaHCO3-Pi) showed a highly significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) with Fe/Al-Pi, residual phosphorus (Res-P), and TP. This indicates that potentially active phosphorus (NaHCO3-P) is a significant potential source of phosphorus (P) in the reservoir. Biologically active phosphorus (BAP) content ranged from 66.97 to 201.46 mg·kg−1, with BAP/TP ratios ranging from 55.6% to 59.6%. The risk of phosphorus release from Wanfeng Reservoir sediments is high. The release of various forms of phosphorus from sediments is one of the important factors leading to the deterioration of water quality in the reservoir area in the future. To effectively manage water ecology in karst canyon reservoirs, it is essential to reduce the risk of endogenous phosphorus release.
Enhancing the Protein, Mineral Content, and Bioactivity of Wheat Bread through the Utilisation of Microalgal Biomass: A Comparative Study of Chlorella vulgaris, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Tetraselmis chuii
Authors: Mahmoud Nancy , Ferreira Joana , Raymundo Anabela , Nunes Maria Cristiana
Published: March 2024

At present, the incorporation of microalgae into bread and related cereal products has attracted attention due to their potential for enhancing nutritional profiles and their impact on health. In this study, 4% of Chlorella vulgaris, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Tetraselmis chuii were added into wheat flour to produce bread and assesses their impact on the dough rheology behaviour, quality performance, nutritive value, and bioactive profile of bread. The results showed that T. chuii strengthened the dough network, whereas P. tricornutum exerted minimal influence. Notably, the incorporation of C. vulgaris induced a pronounced weakening of the protein network within the dough matrix, leading to disruptions in dough structure and subsequent alterations in starch gelatinisation and retrogradation. These changes lead to a reduction in the bread volume (22.7%) and a corresponding increase in its firmness when C. vulgaris was added. In contrast, T. chuii and P. tricornutum had no significant effect on bread volume. All microalgae species caused the dark green colour of the bread and enhanced the bread nutritional composition, namely in terms of protein content (14.7% increase in C. vulgaris bread) and mineral profile. The breads containing T. chuii exhibited a noticeable increase in both total phenolic content (from 7.22 in the control to 38.52 (µg GAE/g)) and antioxidant capacity (from 117.29 to 591.96 (µg TEAC/g) measured by FRAP).
Evaluation of Bruising Susceptibility and Response of Pears under Impact Loading through Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Hafizh Muhammad , Mecheter Asma , Tarlochan Faris , Pathare Pankaj B.
Published: March 2024

Mechanical damage and bruising of fruit is a critical problem in the food industry. Minimizing brusing and damage can be achieved by designing energy-absorbing structures and packaging systems in order to ensure the long-term quality of fresh produce. The aim of this study is to investigate the response and bruise susceptibility of pears under impact loading conditions through finite element analysis (FEA) methods. In this paper, three impact heights (0.25 m, 0.5 m, and 1.0 m), four impact material surfaces (poplar wood, rubber, cardboard, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic), two packaging sizes (standard 0.22″ and sandwich lattice 2.1″), and three impact design structures (rigid, corrugated, and honeycomb) are considered. Based on mesh sensitivity analysis, a mesh element of 1.5 mm was adopted for all simulations, assuring the accuracy of results and considering the trade-off between mesh size and computational time. The response surface analysis approach was utilized in order to develop predictive empirical models related to pear bruising. Results revealed that the rubber-based impact platform yielded minimal bruise susceptibility at all heights, while standard-sized corrugated cardboard performed best at a height of 0.25 m. Furthermore, single, double, and triple layers of packaging cardboard were tested. We observed that adding a second soft layer of corrugated cardboard reduced the stress on the pear by around 33%. However, adding a third layer only reduced stress by 5%. The 3D-printed honeycomb ABS has potential as protective packaging but would require further investigations and parameter optimization. Stacking multiple layers of cardboard on top of each other is a cost-effective solution that could improve damping and, therefore, ensure good quality and increase the shelf life of the fresh produce. This study will help decision-makers select the optimal energy-absorbing material for cushioning and packaging designs in order to improve the handling and post-harvesting logistics of fresh produce.
Analysis of Chainsaw Emissions during Chestnut Wood Operations and Their Health Implications
Authors: D’Antonio Paola , Toscano Francesco , Moretti Nicola , De Iorio Nicolino , Fiorentino Costanza
Published: March 2024

In Italy, the use of chainsaws for field operations such as Felling (FE), Delimbing (DE), and Bucking (BU) is widespread due to the topography, the medium–small size of farms, and the predominant presence of broad-leaved forests managed through coppicing. However, this has led to an increase in injuries and illnesses due to exposure to physical factors (e.g., noise, dust, and vibrations) and chemical agents (e.g., various volatile compounds). Occupational health and safety legislation in Italy has undergone several phases, including the approval of U.T. 81/2008. The present study aims to evaluate the noise generated by chainsaws and the concentration of pollutants (CO, VOC, and C6H6) present in chainsaw exhaust gases during interventions in a chestnut coppice in relation to the limits set by current legislation. The analysis of the noise generated by chainsaws during chestnut cutting operations showed that it exceeded the legal noise limits during all chainsaw activities, with peak levels of about 110 dB. The detected noise could cause important critical issues in relation to the health and safety of specialized operators. Furthermore, the correlation between the specific work (FE, DE, and BU) and the ratio between maximum and average values of CO and VOC emissions was evaluated. Notably, comparable levels of maximum VOC emissions were observed during the FE and BU phases. However, the average emission values during these phases exhibited significant differences, suggesting higher VOC production when the engine was running but not actively engaged in cutting. The highest emissions were recorded during the FE phase (CO = 135 ppm, VOC = 17.28 ppm, and C6H6 = 2.13 ppm).
Comparative Analysis and Evaluation of Seismic Response in Structures: Perspectives from Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis to Pushover Analysis
Authors: Rodríguez César A. , Rodríguez Pérez Ángel Mariano , López Raúl , Caparrós Mancera Julio José
Published: March 2024

This study presents a detailed comparative analysis of different methods for evaluating seismic response in structures, focusing on maximum displacements and collapse assessment. The results obtained through modal spectral analysis, non-linear dynamic analysis, and the incremental pushover analysis applied to a specific structure are compared. It has been found that the choice of time step and the consideration of ductility are critical for obtaining accurate predictions. The results of the non-linear dynamic analysis of the building’s response indicate that an earthquake equivalent to the one that affected the city of Lorca (southeast Iberian Peninsula) in 2011 would have a devastating impact on the studied structure, highlighting the importance of the finite element method modelling in predicting the formation of plastic hinges and assessing structural safety. These findings highlight the importance of utilising multiple analysis approaches and detailed modelling to fully understand the seismic behaviour of structures and ensure adequate resistance and stability to extreme events.
On the Size Discrepancies between Datasets from China Meteorological Administration and Joint Typhoon Warning Center for the Northwestern Pacific Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Li Jinhe , Li Yubin , Tang Jie
Published: March 2024

This study analyzes the Northwestern Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) size difference between the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) dataset and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) dataset. The TC size is defined by the near-surface 34-knot wind radius (R34). Although there is a high correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.71) between CMA and JTWC R34 values, significant discrepancies are still found between them. The JTWC tends to report larger R34 values than the CMA for large-sized TCs, while the trend is reversed for compact TCs. Despite spatial distribution discrepancies, both datasets exhibit significant similarity (spatial correlation coefficient of 0.61), particularly in latitudinal distribution; higher R34 values are observed near 25° N. An investigation of key parameters affecting R34 estimations shows that the discrepancies in R34 values between the two agencies’ estimates of TC size are primarily influenced by the size itself and latitude. There is a high correlation between R34 difference and R34 values, with a high correlation of up to 0.58 with the JTWC’s R34 values. There is also a significant correlation between R34 difference and latitude, with a correlation coefficient of 0.26 in both the CMA and JTWC datasets. Case studies of Typhoons “Danas” and “Maysak” confirm distinct characteristics in R34 estimations during different development stages, with the JTWC capturing TC intensification better, while the CMA underestimates TC size during rapid growth phases. During the weakening stage of the TC, both agencies accurately estimate the R34 values. These findings contribute valuable insights into the discrepancies and characteristics of R34 datasets, informing the selection and utilization of data for typhoon research and forecasting.
Ratio-Covarieties of Numerical Semigroups
Authors: Moreno-Frías María Ángeles , Rosales José Carlos
Published: March 2024

In this work, we will introduce the concept of ratio-covariety, as a family R of numerical semigroups that has a minimum, denoted by min(R), is closed under intersection, and if S∈R and S≠min(R), then S\{r(S)}∈R, where r(S) denotes the ratio of S. The notion of ratio-covariety will allow us to: (1) describe an algorithmic procedure to compute R; (2) prove the existence of the smallest element of R that contains a set of positive integers; and (3) talk about the smallest ratio-covariety that contains a finite set of numerical semigroups. In addition, in this paper we will apply the previous results to the study of the ratio-covariety R(F,m)={S∣S is a numerical semigroup with Frobenius number F and multiplicitym}.
Some Chen Inequalities for Submanifolds in Trans-Sasakian Manifolds Admitting a Semi-Symmetric Non-Metric Connection
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Massamba Fortuné , Mihai Ion , Elamin Abd Elmotaleb A. M. A. , Aldien M. Saif
Published: March 2024

In the present article, we study submanifolds tangent to the Reeb vector field in trans-Sasakian manifolds. We prove Chen’s first inequality and the Chen–Ricci inequality, respectively, for such submanifolds in trans-Sasakian manifolds which admit a semi-symmetric non-metric connection. Moreover, a generalized Euler inequality for special contact slant submanifolds in trans-Sasakian manifolds endowed with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection is obtained.
The Effects of Salinity and Genotype on the Rhizospheric Mycobiomes in Date Palm Seedlings
Authors: Yaish Mahmoud W. , Al-Busaidi Aya , Glick Bernard R. , Ahmed Talaat , Alatalo Juha M.
Published: March 2024

Salinity severely affects the health and productivity of plants, with root-associated microbes, including fungi, potentially playing a crucial role in mitigating this effect and promoting plant health. This study employed metagenomics to investigate differences in the structures of the epiphyte mycobiomes in the rhizospheres of seedlings of two distinct date palm cultivars with contrasting salinity tolerances, the susceptible cultivar, ‘Zabad’, and the tolerant cultivar, ‘Umsila’. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA was utilized as a DNA barcoding tool. The sequencing of 12 mycobiome libraries yielded 905,198 raw sequences of 268,829 high-quality reads that coded for 135 unique and annotatable operational taxonomic units (OTUs). An OTU analysis revealed differences in the rhizofungal community structures between the treatments regardless of genotype, and non-metric dimensional scaling (N-MDS) analyses demonstrated distinct separations between the cultivars under saline stress. However, these differences were not detected under the control environmental conditions, i.e., no salinity. The rhizospheric fungal community included four phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Mucoromycota), with differences in the abundances of Aspergillus, Clonostachys, and Fusarium genera in response to salinity, regardless of the genotype. Differential pairwise comparisons showed that Fusarium falciforme-solani and Aspergillus sydowii-versicolor increased in abundance under saline conditions, providing potential future in vitro isolation guidelines for plant growth-promoting fungi. This study highlights the intricate dynamics of the rhizosphere microbial communities in date palms and their responses to salt stress. Additionally, we found no support for the hypothesis that indigenous epiphytic fungal communities are significantly involved in salinity tolerance in date palms.
Potential Impact of a Pregnant Woman’s Microbiota on the Development of Fetal Heart Defects: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Zych-Krekora Katarzyna , Sylwestrzak Oskar , Krekora Michał , Oszukowski Przemysław , Grzesiak Mariusz
Published: March 2024

Developments in medicine and biology in recent decades have led to a significant increase in our knowledge of the complex interactions between the microbiota and human health. In the context of perinatal medicine and neonatology, particular attention is being paid to the potential impact of the maternal microbiota on fetal development. Among the many aspects of this relationship, the question of the impact of dysbiosis on the development of fetal heart defects is an important one. In this article, we present an analysis of recent research and scientific evidence on the relationship between a pregnant woman’s microbiota and the development of fetal heart defects. We also discuss potential intervention strategies, including the role of probiotics and diet in optimising the maternal microbiota.
miR-331-5p Affects Motility of Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines and Regulates BID Expression
Authors: Orlandella Francesca Maria , Imperlini Esther , Pane Katia , Luciano Neila , Braile Mariantonia , De Stefano Anna Elisa , Iervolino Paola Lucia Chiara , Ruocco Alessandro , Orrù Stefania , Franzese Monica , Salvatore Giuliana
Published: March 2024

During tumorigenesis, miRNAs with unbalanced expression profiles can increase the threat of disease progression. Here, we focus on the role of miR-331-5p in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer (TC). In vitro studies were conducted using TC cell lines after the forced expression and silencing of miR-331-5p. Cell proliferation and viability were analyzed via cell counts and colorimetric assays. Cell motility was analyzed via wound healing assays, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and Matrigel Matrix assays. The putative targets of miR-331-5p were unveiled via label-free proteomic screening and then verified using Western blot and luciferase assays. Expression studies were conducted by interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that ectopic miR-331-5p expression reduces TC cell motility, while miR-331-5p silencing induces the opposite phenotype. Proteomic screening revealed eight putative downregulated targets of miR-331-5p, among which BID was confirmed as a direct target. TCGA data showed the downregulation of miR-331-5p and the upregulation of BID in TC tissues. In summary, deregulation of the miR-331-5p/BID axis could enhance the aggressiveness of TC cell lines, providing new insights into the mechanisms of the progression of this disease and suggesting a potential role of the component factors as possible biomarkers in TC tissues.
Are There Any Differences in the Healing Capacity between the Medial Collateral Ligament’s (MCL) Proximal and Distal Parts in the Human Knee? Quantitative and Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD34, α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression Regarding the Epiligament (EL) Theory
Authors: Georgiev Georgi P. , Yordanov Yordan , Gaydarski Lyubomir , Tubbs Richard Shane , Olewnik Łukasz , Zielinska Nicol , Piagkou Maria , Ananiev Julian , Dimitrova Iva N. , Slavchev Svetoslav A. , Terziev Ivan , Suwannakhan Athikhun , Landzhov Boycho
Published: March 2024

The human knee is a complex joint that comprises several ligaments, including the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The MCL provides stability to the knee and helps prevent its excessive inward movement. The MCL also has a thin layer of connective tissue known as the epiligament (EL), which adheres to the ligament. This unique feature has drawn attention in the field of ligament healing research, as it may have implications for the recovery process of MCL injuries. According to the EL theory, ligament regeneration relies heavily on the provision of cells, blood vessels, and molecules. The present study sought to compare the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in healthy knees’ proximal and distal MCL segments to better understand how these proteins affect ligament healing. By improving the EL theory, the current results could lead to more effective treatments for ligament injury. To conduct the present analysis, monoclonal antibodies were used against CD34, α-SMA, and VEGF to examine samples from 12 fresh knee joints’ midsubstance MCLs. We identified a higher cell density in the EL than in the ligament connective tissue, with higher cell counts in the distal than in the proximal EL part. CD34 immunostaining was weak or absent in blood vessels and the EL, while α-SMA immunostaining was strongest in smooth muscle cells and the EL superficial layer. VEGF expression was mainly in the blood vessels’ tunica media. The distal part showed more SMA-positive microscopy fields and higher cell density than the proximal part (4735 vs. 2680 cells/mm2). Our study identified CD34, α-SMA, and VEGF expression in the MCL EL, highlighting their critical role in ligament healing. Differences in α-SMA expression and cell numbers between the ligament’s proximal and distal parts may explain different healing capacities, supporting the validity of the EL theory in ligament recovery.
YAP1 Regulates the YAP1/AR/PSA Axis through Autophagy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Mediates T-Cell Immune and Inflammatory Cytokine Infiltration
Authors: Wang Youzhi , Wu Ning , Li Junbo , Zhou Diansheng , Liang Jiaming , Cao Qian , Guan Zhaokai , Xu Yangyang , Jiang Ning
Published: March 2024

The emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with increased malignancy and limited treatment options. This study aims to investigate potential connections between immune cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines with the YAP1/AR/PSA axis by exploring their interactions with autophagy. Our research reveals heightened levels of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression in CRPC tissues compared with tissues from androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Additionally, a correlation was observed between YAP1 and PSA expressions in CRPC tissues, suggesting that YAP1 may exert a regulatory influence on PSA expression within CRPC. Enhanced YAP1 expression in C4-2 cells resulted in the upregulation of androgen receptor (AR) nuclear translocation and intracellular prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Conversely, the suppression of YAP1 led to a decrease in PSA expression, suggesting that YAP1 may positively regulate the PSA in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by facilitating AR nuclear import. The modulation of the autophagy activity exerts a significant impact on the expression levels of YAP1, the AR, and the PSA. Moreover, recent advancements in immunity and inflammation studies present promising avenues for potential therapies targeting prostate cancer (PC).
Extremozyme-Based Biosensors for Environmental Pollution Monitoring: Recent Developments
Authors: Purcarea Cristina , Ruginescu Robert , Banciu Roberta Maria , Vasilescu Alina
Published: March 2024

Extremozymes combine high specificity and sensitivity with the ability to withstand extreme operational conditions. This work presents an overview of extremozymes that show potential for environmental monitoring devices and outlines the latest advances in biosensors utilizing these unique molecules. The characteristics of various extremozymes described so far are presented, underlining their stability and operational conditions that make them attractive for biosensing. The biosensor design is discussed based on the detection of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides as a case study. Several biosensors for the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, and phenols are presented in more detail to highlight interesting substrate specificity, applications or immobilization methods. Compared to mesophilic enzymes, the integration of extremozymes in biosensors faces additional challenges related to lower availability and high production costs. The use of extremozymes in biosensing does not parallel their success in industrial applications. In recent years, the “collection” of recognition elements was enriched by extremozymes with interesting selectivity and by thermostable chimeras. The perspectives for biosensor development are exciting, considering also the progress in genetic editing for the oriented immobilization of enzymes, efficient folding, and better electron transport. Stability, production costs and immobilization at sensing interfaces must be improved to encourage wider applications of extremozymes in biosensors.
Aptamers and Nanobodies as New Bioprobes for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic and Therapeutic System Applications
Authors: Park Ki Sung , Park Tae-In , Lee Jae Eon , Hwang Seo-Yeong , Choi Anna , Pack Seung Pil
Published: March 2024

The global challenges posed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have underscored the critical importance of innovative and efficient control systems for addressing future pandemics. The most effective way to control the pandemic is to rapidly suppress the spread of the virus through early detection using a rapid, accurate, and easy-to-use diagnostic platform. In biosensors that use bioprobes, the binding affinity of molecular recognition elements (MREs) is the primary factor determining the dynamic range of the sensing platform. Furthermore, the sensitivity relies mainly on bioprobe quality with sufficient functionality. This comprehensive review investigates aptamers and nanobodies recently developed as advanced MREs for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and therapeutic applications. These bioprobes might be integrated into organic bioelectronic materials and devices, with promising enhanced sensitivity and specificity. This review offers valuable insights into advancing biosensing technologies for infectious disease diagnosis and treatment using aptamers and nanobodies as new bioprobes.
Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells
Authors: Chavda Vishal , Yadav Dhananjay , Patel Snehal , Song Minseok
Published: March 2024

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition associated with high levels of blood glucose which leads to serious damage to the heart, kidney, eyes, and nerves. Elevated blood glucose levels damage brain function and cognitive abilities. They also lead to various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. High neuronal glucose levels can cause drastic neuronal damage due to glucose neurotoxicity. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, play a vital role in maintaining brain glucose levels through neuron–astrocyte coupling. Hyperglycemia leads to progressive decline in neuronal networks and cognitive impairment, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and fostering a neurodegenerative environment. In this review, we summarize the various connections, functions, and impairments of glial cells due to metabolic dysfunction in the diabetic brain. We also summarize the effects of hyperglycemia on various neuronal functions in the diabetic brain.
Successful Pharmacologic Treatment of Self-Bloodletting with Factitious Chronic Anemia (Lasthénie de Ferjol Syndrome) with High-Dose Serotonergic Medication: A Case Report
Authors: Mestermann Stefan , Rudtke Laura , Brazdis Razvan-Marius , Tsaktanis Thanos , Kornhuber Johannes , Thürauf Norbert
Published: March 2024

Self-induced bloodletting (SBL) is a very rare form of self-injury (SI) seen primarily in adolescents and young adults with personality and eating disorders. It can result in complications like malaise, fatigue, or iron-deficiency anemia (Lasthénie de Ferjol syndrome, LFS), and poses a risk of accidental death or suicide. The condition often goes undetected due to patient concealment. There is no specific treatment established, and pharmacological strategies remain uncertain. We discuss the case of a 22-year-old female patient treated at our Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department following a suicide attempt via SBL. She self-administered a venous cannula, losing 1.5 L of blood. Diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia (LFS), she was initially treated with mirtazapine, risperidone, lithium, and later off-label high-dose clomipramine (300 mg/d). Clomipramine significantly reduced her SBL and suicidal thoughts, and her hemoglobin levels re-normalized under iron-substitution therapy. Despite improvement and later discharge, she attempted suicide by SBL again three months later, having stopped clomipramine due to adverse side effects. High-dose escitalopram was administered, leading to a decrease and eventual cessation of her SBL urges. This case demonstrates that patients with SBL/LFS can benefit from high-dose clomipramine or escitalopram. Despite its rarity, the consideration of high-dose serotonergic antidepressants is crucial in psychiatric diagnostics and treatment for patients affected by SBL/LFS.
Barriers to BIM Implementation in the HVAC Industry: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Yılmaz İsmail Cengiz , Yılmaz Deniz , Kandemir Onur , Tekin Hamdi , Atabay Şenay , Bulut Karaca Ülger
Published: March 2024

In recent times, the rise of urbanization, industrialization, population growth, food security, and the COVID-19 pandemic have led to an increased demand for indoor spaces with efficient air conditioning systems. As a result, there is a growing interest in creating more complex HVAC systems to improve indoor spaces. Building information modeling (BIM) offers numerous benefits to the HVAC industry, such as clash detection, budget and time reductions, and increased efficiency. However, its implementation is currently hindered by various challenges. This research aims to identify the major barriers to BIM implementation in the HVAC industry in Turkey, using a questionnaire survey of 224 domain experts working in 42 different companies across various fields of the HVAC industry. The study utilized several statistical analyses to categorize and prioritize the most critical barriers, including reliability tests, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test, Bartlett’s test, and ranking of factors (IRI). The results indicate that the “Deficiencies of Infrastructure and Lack of Qualified Personnel (DIP)” factor group constituted the most significant barrier, followed by “Lack of Documentation and Specifications (LDS)”, “Deficiencies of Case Studies and Project Drawings (DCP)”, and “Lack of Motivation and Resistance to BIM (LMR)”. Moreover, our research revealed that 60% of the participants’ companies allocate less than 40% of their budgets to technological infrastructure, which hinders the adoption of BIM. To promote BIM in the HVAC sector, we recommend enhancing personnel capacity building, improving skills and knowledge about BIM, promoting guidelines, and providing free access to documentation for practitioners.
Bibliometric Analysis of Personalized 3D-Printed Concrete-Based Modules for Construction: Leveraging the Ordinatio Method
Authors: Latorraca Tássia , Guimarães Ana Sofia , Rangel Bárbara
Published: March 2024

The research landscape of personalized 3D-printed concrete-based modules for construction and their impact on thermal performance through generative design methods is explored through a bibliometric analysis. Comprehensive analysis techniques, including bibliographic data and visualization with VoSviewer, are employed to unveil collaborative networks, influential articles, research trends, and emerging themes within this domain. Global contributions are showcased, with citations predominantly from the UK and USA, while Denmark and Australia demonstrate a significant impact relative to publication numbers. Prominent authors like Buswell, Mechtcherine, and Zhang are highlighted through co-authorship analysis, revealing evolving collaborative patterns over time. Seminal works and influential authors are identified through co-citation analysis, providing insights into intellectual networks. Source citation analysis emphasizes the importance of sustainability and advanced manufacturing methods through key journals in the field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies the core themes, including 3D concrete printing, additive manufacturing, and sustainability. Emerging trends indicate a growing focus on sustainability and adopting advanced manufacturing technologies. These insights have implications for future research, guiding impactful contributions in this evolving field.
Deep-Learning-Based Automated Building Information Modeling Reconstruction Using Orthophotos with Digital Surface Models
Authors: Wang Dejiang , Jiang Quanming , Liu Jinzheng
Published: March 2024

In the field of building information modeling (BIM), converting existing buildings into BIM by using orthophotos with digital surface models (DSMs) is a critical technical challenge. Currently, the BIM reconstruction process is hampered by the inadequate accuracy of building boundary extraction when carried out using existing technology, leading to insufficient correctness in the final BIM reconstruction. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel deep-learning- and postprocessing-based approach to automating reconstruction in BIM by using orthophotos with DSMs. This approach aims to improve the efficiency and correctness of the reconstruction of existing buildings in BIM. The experimental results in the publicly available Tianjin and Urban 3D reconstruction datasets showed that this method was able to extract accurate and regularized building boundaries, and the correctness of the reconstructed BIM was 85.61% and 82.93%, respectively. This study improved the technique of extracting regularized building boundaries from orthophotos and DSMs and achieved significant results in enhancing the correctness of BIM reconstruction. These improvements are helpful for the reconstruction of existing buildings in BIM, and this study provides a solid foundation for future improvements to the algorithm.
Characterization of Incidental Pathogenic Germline Findings Detected via ctDNA among Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Predominantly Hispanic/Latinx Population
Authors: Vallabhaneni Esha , Kareff Samuel A. , Barnett Reagan M. , Drusbosky Leylah M. , Dalal Shivani , Raez Luis E. , Santos Edgardo S. , Albrecht Federico , Cusnir Mike , Rodriguez Estelamari
Published: March 2024

Pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) may be under-detected as causative etiologies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prevalence of PGVs has been reported between 1 and 15% of patients, depending on the patient population. The rate within Hispanic/Latinx populations remains unknown. We retrospectively analyzed the genomic results (Guardant360, Redwood City, CA, USA) of 878 patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC at five centers in South Florida, USA, from 2019 to 2022 to analyze the rate of incidental PGVs (iPGVs) identified via circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA). We then stratified the results by tumor histology, age, gender, race, ethnicity, genetic pathway, and co-mutations. Twenty-one iPGVs were identified (21/878 = 2.4%). Among the 21 iPGVs identified, 14 patients were female (66.7%) and 7 were male (33.3%), with a median age of 67 years and tobacco history of 2.5 pack-years. In total, 52.4% of patients identified as Hispanic/Latinx (n = 11) of any race; 19.0% as Ashkenazi Jewish (n = 4), 9.5% as non-Hispanic/Latinx black (n = 2), and 19.0% as non-Hispanic/Latinx white (n = 4). iPGVs in the homologous recombination repair pathway were solely expressed in this cohort (10 ATM, 8 BRCA2, and 3 BRCA1). In total, 76% (16/21) of patients with iPGVs co-expressed somatic alterations, with 56% (9/16) demonstrating alterations in targetable genes. Overall, our real-world findings offer a point prevalence of iPGVs in patients with NSCLC of diverse populations, such as patients who report Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity.
Awake Craniotomy for Gliomas in the Non-Dominant Right Hemisphere: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mamadaliev Dilshod Muhammadvalievich , Saito Ryuta , Motomura Kazuya , Ohka Fumiharu , Scalia Gianluca , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Conti Alfredo , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: March 2024

Awake surgery has become a standard practice for managing diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs), particularly in eloquent brain areas, and is established as a gold standard technique for left-dominant-hemisphere tumors. However, the intraoperative monitoring of functions in the right non-dominant hemisphere (RndH) is often neglected, highlighting the need for a better understanding of neurocognitive testing for complex functions in the right hemisphere. This article aims to comprehensively review the current literature on the benefits of awake craniotomy in gliomas of the non-dominant right hemisphere. A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases with keywords such as “right hemisphere”, “awake surgery”, “direct electrical brain stimulation and mapping”, and “glioma”. The search focused on anatomical and surgical aspects, including indications, tools, and techniques of awake surgery in right cerebral hemisphere gliomas. The literature search identified 74 sources, including original articles, books, monographs, and review articles. Two papers reported large series of language assessment cases in 246 patients undergoing awake surgery with detailed neurological semiology and mapping techniques, while the remaining studies were predominantly neuroradiological and neuroimaging in nature. Awake craniotomy for non-dominant-hemisphere gliomas is an essential tool. The term “non-dominant” should be revised, as this hemisphere contributes significantly to essential cognitive functions in the human brain.
Exploratory Assessment of Galectin-1, -3, and -9 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shuster Hayden , Funkhouser Avery , Allen Lorie , Heo Moonseong , Martin Julie C. , Edenfield W. Jeffery , Blenda Anna V.
Published: March 2024

Galectins play a pivotal role in lung cancer oncogenic pathways, influencing apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Biomarkers that diagnose, prognose, and guide cancer treatment are crucial, with galectins having the biomarker potential for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we assessed serum galectin-1, -3, and -9 levels in NSCLC patients. A retrospective chart review was performed to examine patient demographics, cancer stage, tumor biology, cancer treatment, and patient outcomes. Galectin levels were then compared across these factors. In this exploratory analysis, galectin-3 levels were significantly lower in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (p = 0.0019) and in patients exposed to chemotherapy (p = 0.0375). Galectin-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with previous metastasis but had no correlation with future metastasis. Abnormal galectin-1 levels were significantly correlated with decreased overall survival (OS) in NSCLC (p = 0.0357) and specifically in patients with surgically resectable NSCLC (p = 0.0112). However, abnormal galectin-1 levels were not found to correlate with decreased OS in multivariable analysis (p = 0.0513). These findings may have clinical implications as galectin-3 inhibitors are in trials for NSCLC. Additionally, they suggest that galectin-1 has potential as a prognostic marker for surgically resectable NSCLC.
Hypoxic Conditions Modulate Chondrogenesis through the Circadian Clock: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α
Authors: Juhász Krisztián Zoltán , Hajdú Tibor , Kovács Patrik , Vágó Judit , Matta Csaba , Takács Roland
Published: March 2024

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimer transcription factor composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. HIF-1α is a master regulator of cellular response to hypoxia by activating the transcription of genes that facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Since chondrocytes in mature articular cartilage reside in a hypoxic environment, HIF-1α plays an important role in chondrogenesis and in the physiological lifecycle of articular cartilage. Accumulating evidence suggests interactions between the HIF pathways and the circadian clock. The circadian clock is an emerging regulator in both developing and mature chondrocytes. However, how circadian rhythm is established during the early steps of cartilage formation and through what signaling pathways it promotes the healthy chondrocyte phenotype is still not entirely known. This narrative review aims to deliver a concise analysis of the existing understanding of the dynamic interplay between HIF-1α and the molecular clock in chondrocytes, in states of both health and disease, while also incorporating creative interpretations. We explore diverse hypotheses regarding the intricate interactions among these pathways and propose relevant therapeutic strategies for cartilage disorders such as osteoarthritis.