bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining the Primary Outcomes and Justifying Secondary Outcomes of a Study: Usually, the Fewer, the Better
Authors: Vetter Thomas R. , Mascha Edward J.
Published: July 2017

One of the first steps in designing and conducting a research study is identifying the primary and any secondary study outcomes. In an experimental, quasi-experimental, or analytic observational research study, the primary study outcomes arise from and align directly with the primary study aim or objective. Likewise, any secondary study outcomes arise from and directly align with any secondary study aim or objective. One designated primary study outcome then forms the basis for and is incorporated literally into the stated hypothesis. In a Methods section, authors clearly state and define each primary and any secondary study outcome variable. In the same Methods section, authors clearly describe how all primary and any secondary study outcome variables were measured. Enough detail is provided so that a clinician, statistician, or informatician can know exactly what is being measured and that other investigators could duplicate the measurements in their research venue. The authors provide published substantiation (preferably) or other documented evidence of the validity and reliability of any applied measurement instrument, tool, or scale. A common pitfall—and often fatal study design flaw—is the application of a newly created (“home-grown”) or ad hoc modification of an existing measurement instrument, tool, or scale—without any supporting evidence of its validity and reliability. An optimal primary outcome is the one for which there is the most existing or plausible evidence of being associated with the exposure of interest or intervention. Including too many primary outcomes can (a) lead to an unfocused research question and study and (b) present problems with interpretation if the treatment effect differed across the outcomes. Inclusion of secondary variables in the study design and the resulting manuscript needs to be justified. Secondary outcomes are particularly helpful if they lend supporting evidence for the primary endpoint. A composite endpoint is an endpoint consisting of several outcome variables that are typically correlated with each. In designing a study, researchers limit components of a composite endpoint to variables on which the intervention of interest would most plausibly have an effect, and optimally with preliminary evidence of an effect. Ideally, components of a strong composite endpoint have similar treatment effect, frequency, and severity—with the most important being similar severity.
Acute Intracardiac Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases
Authors: Williams Brittney , Wehman Brody , Mazzeffi Michael A. , Odonkor Patrick , Harris Ryan L. , Kon Zachary , Tanaka Kenichi A.
Published: July 2017

Intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are life-threatening events, but pathological mechanisms are not yet well defined. The aim of this review is to provide an update of case literature of a postbypass hypercoagulable state. Case commonalities among 48 ICT/PE events included congestive heart failure (50%), platelet transfusion (37.5%), CPB duration greater than 3 hours (37.5%), and aortic injury (27.1%). Preexisting thrombophilia was rarely reported, and 16.7% had low activated clotting time, ≤400 seconds during CPB. Mortality rate was very high (85.4%), despite attempted thrombectomy and supportive therapy. Thrombolytic therapy was infrequently used (5 of 48 times), but its efficacy is questionable due to common use of antifibrinolytic therapy (77.1% of cases). Acute ICT/PE events appear to rarely occur, but common features include prolonged CPB, depressed myocardial function, major vascular injury, and hemostatic interventions. Further efforts to elucidate pathomechanisms and optimize anticoagulation during CPB and hemostatic interventions after CPB are warranted.
Historisising twentieth-century historiography
Authors: Liakos Antonis
Published: July 2017

The twentieth century has been described as a dark century of wars, holocausts, death and pain. This is true, but it is only a partial image of the century. This article discusses five major challenges and their relations to historiography: a) the disintegration of empires, decolonisation and the rise of new nations; b) the impact of world wars (genocides, revolutions, totalitarian regimes); c) the boom in technoscience and the digital era; d) the ascent of rights, the transformation of gender relations and mass literacy; and e) globalisation. These changes were experienced by three generations of historians. The first generation appeared before the First World War, the second from 1918 to 1970 and the third from 1970. The question we pose is: has the history of historiography responded to these challenges or does it also have its internal logic? And how has it responded?
Review of Maria Zarimis', Darwin’s Footprint: Cultural Perspectives on Evolution in Greece (1880-1930s)
Authors: Trubeta Sevasti
Published: July 2017

Maria Zarimis. Darwin’s Footprint: Cultural Perspectives on Evolution in Greece (1880-1930s). Budapest & New York: CEU Press, 2015. 340 pp.
Review of Jennifer Mara Desilva, ed., The Sacralization of Space and Behavior in the Early Modern World: Studies and Sources
Authors: Dialeti Androniki
Published: July 2017

Jennifer Mara DeSilva, ed. The Sacralization of Space and Behavior in the Early Modern World: Studies and Sources. Burlington: Ashgate, 2015. viii + 326 pp.
Review of Vasia Lekka’s, The Neurological Emergence of Epilepsy: The National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic (1870–1895)
Authors: Ioannidis Stavros
Published: July 2017

Vasia Lekka. The Neurological Emergence of Epilepsy: The National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic (1870-1895). New York: Springer, 2015. xiii + 209 pp.
Decision Structure and Performance of Networked Technology Supply Chains
Authors: Wang Jingqi , Wu Xiaole , Krishnan Viswanathan
Published: July 2017

Supply chains in key growth industries increasingly commercialize a critical piece of technology invented by an upstream technology supplier. The focal technology is licensed to specialist design firms and designed into products, which are fabricated by dedicated large-scale manufacturers. We examine a technology supplier’s licensing decision in such emerging multiparty networked supply chains in which a downstream design firm’s capability may not be publicly known. We find that the supply chain and firm profits are critically affected by whether or not a license agreement between a technology supplier and a design firm is kept confidential from a manufacturer. Instead of licensing to two downstream firms, a technology supplier may also license to an integrated firm with both design and manufacturing capabilities, which forms a conventional vertical supply chain. We compare a networked supply chain with a vertical supply chain and show that the network model can, under some conditions, outperform the integrated configuration and increase profits for all supply chain entities. In particular, a downstream firm can be better off decentralized, with design and manufacturing functions taken by different firms. Our research helps explain the emergence of such networked supply chains and offers insights on how to structure them to improve outcomes.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0619 .
The front-line general surgery consultant as a new model of emergency care
Authors: Navarro AP , Hardy EJO , Oakley B , Mohamed E , Welch NT , Parsons SL
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Emergency general surgery services in England are undergoing rapid structural change with the aim of improving care. In our centre, the key issues identified were high numbers of admissions, inappropriate referrals, prolonged waiting times, delayed senior input and poor patient satisfaction. A new model was launched in January 2015 to address these issues: the surgical triage unit (STU). This study assesses the success of the new service.

Methods

All emergency general surgical admissions during a five-month period before introduction of the STU were compared with those of a comparable five-month period after its introduction. Process, clinical and patient experience outcomes were assessed to identify improvement.

Results

Attendance fell from 3,304 patients in the 2014 cohort to 2,830 in the 2015 cohort. During the 2015 study period, 279 more patients were discharged on the same day. Resource requirement fell by 2,635 bed days (23%). The number of true surgical emergencies remained consistent. Rates for reattendance (7.8% for 2014 vs 8.1% for 2015) and readmission (5.7% for 2014 vs 5.7% for 2015) showed no significant difference. Patient experience data demonstrated a significant improvement in both net promoter score (64.1 vs 82.2) and number of complaints (34 vs 5). Clinical outcomes for low risk procedures remained similar. Emergency laparotomy in-hospital mortality fell (11.4% vs 10.3%) despite preoperative risk stratification suggesting a risk burden that was significantly higher than the national average.

Conclusions

This novel model of emergency general surgery provision has improved clinical efficiency, patient satisfaction and outcomes. We encourage other units to consider similar programmes of service improvement.
NARRATIVAS DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE: EXPERIÊNCIAS NO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Nunes Kezia Rodrigues , Ventorim Silvana
Published: July 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é produzir e ampliar redes de sentidos de formação docente e de estágio supervisionado, por meio das experiências compartilhadas por estagiários do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Como instrumentos para produção de dados, utiliza os memoriais, que se tratam de trabalhos produzidos pelos/as acadêmicos/as como critério parcial para aprovação na disciplina Estágio Supervisionado nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental. Dentre os anos 2011 e 2015, em nove semestres letivos, reuniram-se 180 memoriais e selecionaram-se 14 para compor essa pesquisa. Como resultados, evidencia-se a complexa relação entre os atores envolvidos no estágio supervisionado e sua contribuição na formação inicial e continuada de professores. Trata, ainda, ao modo dos estagiários, do reconhecimento ampliado das demandas docentes a partir das experiências vividas no ensino superior; e por parte das autoras, de uma escrita-formação que se constitui na atividade de pesquisar, narrar, ouvir, sentir e escrever.
CONEXÕES ENTRE O PROJETO PEDAGÓGICO DE CURSO E O QUESTIONÁRIO DO ESTUDANTE DO ENADE
Authors: Nunes Andrea Karla Ferreira , Avila Everton Gonçalves
Published: July 2017

O artigo aborda a relação entre o Projeto Pedagógico de Curso de Graduação e o Questionário do Estudante do ENADE apreendendo as conexões existentes. Tem como objeto o estudo do processo da avaliação que se apresenta por meio do ENADE, quando se utiliza do insumo Questionário do Estudante para obter respostas sobre a qualidade dos cursos superior. O objetivo foi verificar como as respostas do Questionário do Estudante validam o que é proposto no Projeto Pedagógico do Curso, cujas orientações estão no Instrumento de Avaliação de Cursos de Graduação presencial e a distância. A análise buscou informações com base na documentação existente (leis, relatórios, decretos, notas técnicas e artigos). Os meios para obtenção das informações foram a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. A análise consentiu perceber como o Ministério da Educação tem trabalhado para tornar os indicadores de qualidade da educação superior complementares entre si e que o Questionário do Estudante testifica o que deve ser percebido pelos estudantes ao longo do curso de graduação.
La ley electoral de 1951, de la representación a la encarnación
Authors: Ajmechet Sabrina
Published: July 2017

En la Argentina, dos leyes electorales consagraron un sistema de elección por circunscripciones uninominales para la designación de diputados para el Congreso de la Nación. La primera vez que se impuso fue en 1902 bajo el gobierno de Roca. La segunda fue en 1951 , antes de los comicios que consagraron la reelección de Perón. En ambas ocasiones se eligió el mismo sistema electoral pero por motivos muy diferentes. En 1902 , los reformistas consideraron que en la sociedad se expresaban localmente intereses diversos que debían estar representados en el Congreso. El objetivo del peronismo fue otro: consagrar la unanimidad como ideal en el parlamento.En 1951 , el peronismo ya contaba con mayoría en ambas Cámaras. ¿Por qué buscó aumentar su representación en el Congreso si ya contaba con un número suficiente de diputados y senadores como para legislar a voluntad?
Homero y la emancipación de la justicia
Authors: Hermosa Andújar Antonio
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo defiende la tesis de que el tratamiento por Homero de la idea de justicia constituye por sí mismo un hito para la civilización occidental. Para ello hubo que emancipar la justicia de las ideas de venganza y subjetividad, que una larga tradición había vinculado con el honor personal del héroe. El efecto inmediato es la consecuente aparición en el reino de la justicia de nuevas prácticas que la desvinculan de la voluntad individual y de nuevos valores que desvinculan dicha voluntad de la violencia. El efecto inmediato es el inicio de una nueva concepción de la justicia más igualitaria y social, que a lo largo de un extenso proceso legitimador conducirá hasta su plena institucionalización.
Notas y comunicaciones: el republicanismo frente al liberalismo igualitario
Authors: Venezia Luciano
Published: July 2017

Notas y comunicaciones: el republicanismo frente al liberalismo igualitario
Do the cultural and behavioral factors have an impact on adoption of international accounting standards?
Authors: Riahi Olfa , Khoufi Walid
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we try to explain the effect of cultural and behavioral factors on the decision to adopt IFRS in developing countries until 2013. By using contingency theory and based on a sample of 77 developing countries, this head study allowed us to show that the behavioral factors, essentially accounting conservatism, are more dominant that cultural factors behind the decision to adopt IFRS by developing countries (DC).
The political leadership and corporate governance: an analysis of leadership theories and its influence
Authors: Ali Manzoor , Tao Lv , Shaikh Aftab Ahmed Shaikh , Sajid Muhammad
Published: July 2017

The Leaders and their leadership style possess strong influence on corporate sector and its overall working affairs. Effective political leadership is a benchmark for successful corporations as they follow the best strategies from political setup and move towards productivity and efficiency. This paper, therefore, highlights the importance of successful leadership theories and practices, which may follow by the corporate sector for better results. This study explores the influence of political leadership on corporate governance as a corporate sector has to remain under the policy and rule dominancy of the state, hence, this paper elaborates the research questions comprising of 20 items in order to know the influence of political leadership and to analyze the leadership theories and practices in Pakistan.This paper is quantitative in nature, and close ended questionnaire was used to collect the data from 100 samples comprising of government and private-sector employees working in Pakistan. The statistical tool's factor analysis and correlation are used, and according to the results by factor analysis, 5 components were retained or extracted out of 20 variables. All the variables show high level of correlation with components as cumulative correlation measured by Factor Analysis is .825, which is good in practice. As per results derived from KMO and Bartlett’s test, the overall sampling remained .796 that shows a good measurement. In addition to the results, respondents favor that political leadership, and corporate governances are essential ingredients for the organizational development. Majority of respondents were of view that political leadership put strong influence on the affairs of corporate governance.This paper will help the government and corporate sector to work in collaborative way to achieve their respective goals and run the country and organizations on sound economic track. In continuation, this study also helps the political governments to revisit their influence and ensure complete agreement and harmony with corporate sector, and thus help the corporate sector in performing its role in sustainable economic development.The necessity of this study was strongly felt as corporate sector in Pakistan has yet to revise its relations with the sitting political government for effective contribution to gross national production (GDP). The performance of corporate sector in terms of productivity and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not satisfactory at all in Pakistan, but working collaboratively and delegating powers to down level can really help both political and corporate sector to achieve their pre-specified objectives.
Caring Science within Islamic Contexts: A Literature Review
Authors: Ismail Suhartini , Hatthakit Urai , Chinawong Tippamas
Published: July 2017

Background: Caring is an essence of nursing and many studies enlighten about caring for various populations and settings. Caring science within Islamic contexts has gained more attention from nurses, especially in the area related to cultural and spiritual care.Purpose: The aim of this study was to discuss the concepts of caring science within Islamic contexts. Methods: We extracted 27 articles in both qualitative and quantitative studies, inthe English language, based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method. The date and years were limited from January 2008 to 2014 from several databases. Keywordswere ‘caring science’, ‘Islamic caring’, ‘and Islamic Perspectives’ and combined with words of ‘Nursing’, ‘caring’, and ‘care’.Result: There were 4 themes in caring within Islamic context: 1There were 6 themes in caring within Islamic context: 1) theoretical definition of caring; 2) foundation of caring; 3) comparison of caring theories; and 4) caring in Islamic culture; 5) caring practice in Islamic perspectives;and 6) caring outcomesConclusion: In Islamic nursing, caring is based on well-being improvement and healing, and concentration on all domains of nursing care and relationship between different dimensions of human (bio-psycho-social-spiritual dimensions). Within these contexts, a better understanding of the diverse conceptualizations of nursing is needed in order to ensure that nurses across all contexts can provide optimal care.
Thai Nurses' Learning Needs Regarding Disaster Nursing: High Needs?
Authors: Phakdeechanuan Kirana , Songwathana Praneed , Sae-Sia Wipa
Published: July 2017

Background: Disaster nursing has become a critical concern, worldwide, due to a trend toward management strategy. However, limited studies are conducted in Thailand where nurses have faced increasing threat to both natural and man-made disasters.Purpose: To describe the amounts of learning needs (both expressed and normative needs) regarding disaster nursing among Thai nurses.Methods: The sample included 454 registered nurses who have been working inThailand for at least six months selected through the multi-stage sampling methods. Data were collected using questionnaire included the Learning Needs Regarding Disaster Nursing Questionnaire (LNDNQ), developed based on the learning needs triangle model and the concept the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies. The LNDNQ was tested for content validity by three experts and for reliability with 20 nurses using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient yielding a value of .97 (expressed needs), and .99 (normative needs), respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Result: This study found that the top three contents of the most learning needs in expressed needs were similarly with the most normative needs which items were related to mitigation/prevention and response phase. The most learning needs they expressed were assisting and first aid for victims at the scene (n=229, 50.4%), followed by basic principle of triage (n=218, 48.0%), and training of the disaster nursing management plans (n=217, 47.80%). However, the top least expressed needs were related to mitigation/prevention and recovery/rehabilitation phase. These were providing an information for community with the notification, and announcement the severity level of disaster (n=32, 7.0%), followed by preparing and organizing the evacuation area for victims (n=37, 8.1%).Conclusion: The contents related to the most learning needs (expressed needs andnormative needs) regarding disaster nursing must be emphasized in training course and nursing curriculums in Thailand to improve Thai nurses' capability in disaster nursing management.
Decision Making towards Maternal Health Services in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sujana Treesia , Barnes Margareth , Rowe Jennifer , Reed Rachel
Published: July 2017

Background: Indonesia has always been struggling with maternal health issue even after the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) programs were done. Prior research findings identified many factors which influenced maternal health status in developing countries such Indonesia and even though various efforts had been made, the impact of the transformation of maternal health behavior was minimal.Purpose: This study aimed to seek an understanding of the factors influencing decisions towards maternal health services.Methods: A case study with a single case embedded design was employed. Interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held to collect data from 3 health workers and 40 maternal women in a sub-district in Central Java, Indonesia.Results: Interviews with the village midwives as the main health providers in the Getasan sub-district concluded that there were several factors influencing the women's decisions towards maternal services. The factors were options to have services with other health workers outside the area, and shaman services as alternative care and family influencing maternal health behaviors. The analysis of the FGDs also supported the village midwives’ statements that in spite of their awareness towards the available maternal health services, the existence of shamans and traditional beliefs strongly affected their decision.Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that cultural issues prevented the maximum maternal health status in Getasan sub-district. This study recommends Puskesmas (Primary Health Care) as the first level of health institutions in Indonesia to support the village midwives’ roles within their target area.
Motivation among Indonesian Nurses in Pursuing Continuing Professional Education and Its Relationship to Their Competencies
Authors: Suangga Fitriany , Tuppal Cyruz P.
Published: July 2017

Background: Nurses are required to maintain the standards of their practice through an informed range of Continuing Professional Education (CPE). However, there is a paucity of evidence exploring the relationship between motivation in pursuing CPE and competency among Indonesian nurses.Purpose: This descriptive correlational study describes the motivation among Indonesian nurses in pursuing CPE and its relationship to their competency outcome performance.Methods: Ninety-three staff nurses were chosen by convenience sampling, informed and gave consent for their voluntary participation in a selected hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Before the data collection, the researchers sought ethical clearance from the respective organizations. Eligible participants were those who have at least one-year hospital experience, naturally born Indonesian, and completed a degree in nursing. Data were collected using adapted, pilot-tested, translated, and validated sets of questionnaires.Results: The findings revealed that most of the nurses were 21–30 years old, married, permanent employees with 1–3 years’ working experience and had earned a degree in nursing. Indonesian nurses had moderate to high motivation in pursuing CPE and exemplified a fair to very good level of competency outcome performance. Results also indicated that among the motivation factors, expectancy was significantly associated with critical thinking (r=0.259, p< 0.012).Conclusion: Motivation among Indonesian nurses in pursuing CPE was at a moderate to high level. As Indonesia emerges as a promising country, leaders need to increase the motivation of nurses in their pursuit of CPE. Highly competent and well-prepared nurses can facilitate a caring and healing environment for patients and contribute to the overall performance of health-care organizations and society.
Molecular phylogeny of the Haplosplanchnata Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray and Littlewood, 2003, with a description of Schikhobalotrema huffmani n. sp.
Authors: Huston Daniel C. , Cutmore Scott C. , Cribb Thomas H.
Published: July 2017

We describe
A PCR survey of vector-borne pathogens in different dog populations from Turkey
Authors: Guo Huanping , Sevinc Ferda , Ceylan Onur , Sevinc Mutlu , Ince Ege , Gao Yang , Moumouni Paul Franck Adjou , Liu Mingming , Efstratiou Artemis , Wang Guanbo , Cao Shinuo , Zhou Mo , Jirapattharasate Charoonluk , Ringo Aaron Edmond , Zheng Weiqing , Xuan Xuenan
Published: July 2017

In the present study, a total of 192 blood samples were collected from pet dogs, kennel dogs and shepherd dogs in Konya district, Turkey, and tested by specific PCR for the presence of vector-borne pathogens. Several pathogens were identified, most of which can cause substantial morbidity in dogs. PCR results revealed that 54 (28.1%) dogs were infected with one or more pathogens. Positive results were obtained for
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii infections among horses and donkeys in Nigeria, West Africa
Authors: Bártová Eva , Sedlák Kamil , Kobédová Kateřina , Budíková Marie , Joel Atuman Yakubu , Kamani Joshua
Published: July 2017

spp. and
Spinicauda sumatrana sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) from Ludeking’s Crested Dragon, Lophocalotes ludekingi (Agamidae), from the Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra
Authors: Bursey Charles R. , Goldberg Stephen R. , Harvey Michael B.
Published: July 2017

sp. nov. is described from the large intestine of Ludeking’s Crested Dragon,
Redescription of two species of Thaparocleidus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), with the description of T. armillatus sp. n. from Wallago attu and a phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequences
Authors: Verma Chandni , Chaudhary Anshu , Shanker Singh Hridaya
Published: July 2017

The phylogenetic studies on monogeneans of the genus
CM cycles on Kuga–Sato varieties over Shimura curves and Selmer groups
Authors: Elias Yara , de Vera-Piquero Carlos
Published: July 2017

Given a modular form

f

{{f}}

of even weight larger than two and an imaginary quadratic field

K

{{K}}

satisfying a relaxed Heegner hypothesis, we construct a collection of CM cycles on a Kuga–Sato variety over a suitable Shimura curve which gives rise to a system of Galois cohomology classes attached to

f

{{f}}

enjoying the compatibility properties of an Euler system. Then we use Kolyvagin’s method [21], as adapted by Nekovář [28] to higher weight modular forms, to bound the size of the relevant Selmer group associated to

f

{{f}}

and

K

{{K}}

and prove the finiteness of the (primary part) of the Shafarevich–Tate group, provided that a suitable cohomology class does not vanish.
Wideband Bandpass Filter with High Selectivity and an Adjustable Notched-band Adopting a Multi-mode Resonator
Authors: Ma Xing-Bing , Jiang Ting
Published: July 2017

A wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with an adjustable notched-band and high selectivity is proposed. The proposed BPF consists of a multi-mode resonator (MMR), twoλ/2 resonators, and I/O feed lines with 50 ohm characteristic impedance. The MMR, connected as a whole by a wide stub, is composed of one I-shaped resonator and two open-loop resonators. Tightly coupling is built between MMR andλ/2 resonators. I/O feed lines are directly connected with twoλ/2 resonators, respectively. Due to the use of tapped-line coupling, one transmission zero (TZ) is formed near low-edge of aim passband. High-edge of passband with one attendant TZ can be tuned to desired location by adjusting bottom-side position of used wide stub or bottom-side length of I-shaped resonator in MMR. The top-side length of I-shaped resonator is applied to improve upper stopband performance and shift undesired resonant mode of MMR near high-edge of aim passband to proper frequency point. The notched-band in aim passband is dominated by top-side position of wide stub in MMR. Good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results.
Demographic potential in functional areas of the selected medium-sized cities in Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Obrębalski Marek
Published: July 2017

The article presents the population problem of urban functional area around selected medium-sized cities in Poland and the Czech Republic. Research work refers to six cities (on the Polish side - Jelenia Góra, Legnica and Wałbrzych – located in Lower Silesia region; on the Czech side - Hradec Králové, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem). These core cities with suburban areas co-create the functional urban areas with varied demographic structure and development dynamics. In the analysed period, the population growth was observed only in Liberec. The largest total population among studied areas refers also to Liberec functional urban area. The population in suburban areas of the examined Polish and Czech cities is relatively younger than in the core cities. Functional approach for development of urban areas founding depart from perception of demographic problem and challenges only by prism of administrative borders becomes more important.
Resilience of metropolitan, urban and rural regions: a Central European perspective
Authors: Ženka Jan , Pavlík Adam , Slach Ondřej
Published: July 2017

In this article, we examine a relationship between population/economic size and resilience of Czech regions. More specifically, we ask if there are any significant differences among metropolitan cores and hinterlands, urban regions and rural regions in (post)crisis economic development in the period 2009–2013. Three aspects of resilience were considered: volatility of unemployment, renewal (increase in economic performance compared to other regions) and reorientation (measured by the intensity of structural changes in total employment). We found relatively small differences among particular types of regions and high intra-group heterogeneity. Specialized industrial urban regions exhibited the fastest economic growth in the (post)crisis period. Metropolitan cores lagged slightly behind, but experienced relatively stable economic development. Although rural regions exhibited the highest unemployment volatility, they did not lag behind in terms of value added growth. Regional resilience in a small open economy like Czechia seems to be predominantly driven by extraregional factors such as the position in global production networks and economic performance in particular industries or large transnational corporations.
Flow Analysis for a Flow Channel Instrument to Evaluate Viscosities of Non-Newtonian Viscoelastic Liquid Foods
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Igarashi Hitoshi , Iwasaki Kento , Fuse Sayaka , Tsuruta Yuko , Shimomura Takuya
Published: July 2017

To develop a structurally simple and easy-to-use viscometer for liquid foods, flow measurements and analyses were done in a flow channel instrument. Newtonian and non-Newtonian test liquids respectively employed in the experiments show viscosity and viscoelasticity. Changes of the modified friction coefficient during the flow processes characterized viscous flow in the instrument. The elasticity was found to be dominant in the early process, reducing the flow as a function of the relative magnitude of liquid viscoelasticity.
Analyzing DWDM System with Different Modulation Formats and Channel Spacing
Authors: Singh Kulwinder , Singh Navpreet , Bhatia Kamaljit Singh , Ryait Hardeep Singh
Published: July 2017

Different modulation formats for 64×20-GB/s dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system has been compared and simulated using Optsim. Various performance parameters including Q-factor, bit error rate, jitter, eye opening & eye closure are observed and analyzed. It is reported that RZ Soliton format is a better choice among the tested formats. Also, for the proposed system, minimum channel spacing should be 50 GHz.
A combined approach to generate laboratory reference intervals using unbalanced longitudinal data
Authors: Vogel Mandy , Kirsten Toralf , Kratzsch Jürgen , Engel Christoph , Kiess Wieland
Published: July 2017

Background:

The interpretation of individual laboratory test results requires the availability of population-based reference intervals. In children, reference interval estimation has to consider frequently the strong age-dependency. Generally, for the construction of reference intervals, a sufficiently large number of independent measurement values is required. Data selections from hospitals or cohort studies often comprise dependencies violating the independence assumption.

Methods:

In this article, we propose a combination of LMS-like (mean, M; coefficient of variation, S; skewness, λ or L) and resampling methods to overcome this drawback. The former is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the construction of continuous reference intervals of anthropometric measurements in children. The approach allows the inclusion of dependent measurements, for example, repeated measurements per subject. It also provides pointwise confidence envelopes as a measure of reliability.

Results and conclusions:

The combination of LMS-type methods and resampling provides a feasible approach to estimate age-dependent percentiles and reference intervals using unbalanced longitudinal data.
The crystal structure of [6-methoxy-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one]difluoroborane, C13H10BF5O3
Authors: Bai JinYuan , Hou YanJun
Published: July 2017

C13H10BF5O3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.737(2) Å, b = 7.8600(19) Å, c = 11.803(3) Å, α = 82.03(2)°, β = 76.91(2)°, γ = 69.69(2)°, V = 654.2(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0471, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1203, T = 293 K.
Urine oligosaccharide tests for the diagnosis of oligosaccharidoses
Authors: Casado Mecedes , Ferrer-López Isaac , Ruiz-Sala Pedro , Pérez-Cerdá Celia , Artuch Rafael
Published: July 2017

This review discusses the development of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced detection and mass spectrometry techniques for the analysis of urinary oligosaccharides to screen for human oligosaccharidoses and related disorders. Capillary electrophoresis is suitable for the analysis of urinary oligosaccharides. It has a high resolution efficiency, and when it is coupled to a laser-induced fluorescence detector system, it offers an optimal analytical sensitivity. Mass spectrometry techniques have evolved as powerful tools for glycan analyses, are important tools for the analysis of oligosaccharide structures, and offer precise results, analytical versatility, very high sensitivity, high precision and high speed. Mass spectrometry is tolerant of mixtures and is a natural choice for the analysis of this class of molecules. The urine oligosaccharide profiles from healthy controls and patients diagnosed with different lysosomal storage diseases (fucosidosis, α-mannosidosis, GM1 gangliosidosis, GM2 gangliosidosis type Sandhoff, glycogen storage disease type 2 and 3, aspartylglucosaminuria, Schindler disease and galactosialydosis) and related disorders (glycogen storage diseases) are presented. In summary, these procedures are powerful tools for the rapid identification and characterization of these disorders. In all cases, the oligosaccharide profiles are strongly informative, identified the abnormal compounds, and are good alternatives to traditional screening tests that use thin layer chromatography. These tests have great sensibility and resolution and are automatable, enabling extended screening of these diseases, both as a first step in diagnosis or for confirming the pathogenicity of mutations that may be detected with next generation sequencing techniques.
Environmental health disparities in the Central Appalachian region of the United States
Authors: Krometis Leigh-Anne , Gohlke Julia , Kolivras Korine , Satterwhite Emily , Marmagas Susan West , Marr Linsey C.
Published: July 2017

Health disparities that cannot be fully explained by socio-behavioral factors persist in the Central Appalachian region of the United States. A review of available studies of environmental impacts on Appalachian health and analysis of recent public data indicates that while disparities exist, most studies of local environmental quality focus on the preservation of nonhuman biodiversity rather than on effects on human health. The limited public health studies available focus primarily on the impacts of coal mining and do not measure personal exposure, constraining the ability to identify causal relationships between environmental conditions and public health. Future efforts must engage community members in examining all potential sources of environmental health disparities to identify effective potential interventions.
Acute Capsaicin Supplementation Improves Resistance Training Performance in Trained Men
Authors: Conrado de Freitas Marcelo , Cholewa Jason M. , Freire Renan V. , Carmo Bruna A. , Bottan Jefferson , Bratfich Murilo , Della Bandeira Murilo P. , Gonçalves Daniela C. , Caperuto Erico C. , Lira Fabio S. , Rossi Fabrício E.
Published: July 2017

Conrado de Freitas, M, Cholewa, JM, Freire, RV, Carmo, BA, Bottan, J, Bratfich, M, Della Bandeira, MP, Gonçalves, DC, Caperuto, EC, Lira, FS, and Rossi, FE. Acute capsaicin supplementation improves resistance training performance in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2227–2232, 2018—The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of capsaicin supplementation on performance, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate concentrations during resistance exercise in healthy trained young men. Ten resistance-trained men (age = 22.7 ± 4.0 years, mass = 82.3 ± 9.6 kg, and height = 175 ± 0.1 cm) completed 2 randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin condition (12 mg) or a placebo condition. Forty-five minutes after supplement consumption, subjects performed 4 sets until movement failure in the squat exercise at 70% of 1 repetition maximum with 90 seconds of rest interval between sets. The total mass lifted (total repetitions × mass lifted) was calculated. The RPE was recorded after the last set. Blood lactate was analyzed after each set of exercise, immediately postexercise, and after 3, 5, and at 30 minutes during recovery. The number of repetitions in each set decreased significantly after all sets compared with set-1 and after set-3 and set-4 in relation to set-2 (p < 0.001); however, total mass lifted was higher in capsaicin compared with placebo (3,919.4 ± 1,227.4 kg vs. 3,179.6 ± 942.4 kg, p = 0.002). Blood lactate increased significantly after each set (p < 0.001); however, there were no differences between conditions. Rate of perceived exertion was significantly less for the capsaicin condition than placebo (17.2 ± 1.0 vs. 18.3 ± 1.7, p = 0.048). In summary, acute capsaicin supplementation improves lower-body resistance training performance in trained young men.
Effects of Blood-Flow Restriction Combined With Postactivation Potentiation Stimuli on Jump Performance in Recreationally Active Men
Authors: Miller Ryan M. , Keeter Victoria M. , Freitas Eduardo D.S. , Heishman Aaron D. , Knehans Allen W. , Bemben Debra A. , Bemben Michael G.
Published: July 2017

Miller, RM, Keeter, VM, Freitas, EDS, Heishman, AD, Knehans, AW, Bemben, DA, and Bemben, MG. Effects of blood-flow restriction combined with postactivation potentiation stimuli on jump performance in recreationally active men. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1869–1874, 2018—Whole-body vibration (WBV) and maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) combined with blood-flow restriction (BFR) to augment postactivation potentiation have yet to be examined. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the augmented effects of postactivation potentiation when WBV and MVC are combined with BFR. Twenty men (21.8 ± 2.6 years, 180.5 ± 6.2 cm and 84.5 ± 12.1 kg) completed the study. Participants completed 3 testing sessions in a randomized design that included one of the following: (a) control (CON), (b) WBV and WBV combined with BFR (WBV + BFR), or (c) MVC and MVC combined with BFR (MVC + BFR). Jump height and power were recorded for 3 trials, PRE and POST jump height (cm) mean ± SD for each were as follows: CON 58.9 ± 8.6 and 57.9 ± 8.6, WBV 58.2 ± 8.1 and 59.9 ± 8.1, WBV + BFR 58.7 ± 7.6 and 60.2 ± 8.1, MVC 59.7 ± 7.4 and 60.2 ± 8.6, and MVC + BFR 57.7 ± 7.9 and 59.4 ± 8.1. PRE and POST jump power (W) mean ± SD for each were as follows: CON 1,224.3 ± 221.5 and 1,234.3 ± 189.2, WBV 1,251.1 ± 230.4 and 1,266.1 ± 215.7, WBV + BFR 1,265.8 ± 207.9 and 1,259 ± 223.3, MVC 1,264.7 ± 211.9 and 1,263.5 ± 236.5, and MVC + BFR 1,252.3 ± 222.0 and 1,294.6 ± 256.6. Significant differences were revealed in jump height between the 5 interventions (p < 0.01), WBV (p < 0.01), WBV + BFR (p < 0.01), and MVC + BFR (p < 0.01) revealed significant differences in time but no differences in jump power. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that WBV, WBV + BFR, and MVC + BFR significantly improve jump height and time in air but not jump power.
Surfeando en el tiempo presente: reflexiones sobre el escenario internacional actual
Authors: Simonoff Alejandro
Published: July 2017

Desde el fin de la Guerra Fría vivimos en un escenario internacional en transición. Las lecturas tradicionales de las relaciones internacionales no nos ayudan mucho, aunque sí nos permiten percibir la existencia de problemas en torno a los elementos que lo definen (marcos de referencias comunes, aceptación de la jerarquía y la existencia de mecanismos para la resolución de conflictos) pero no dan cuenta de la cuestión de fondo, cuales son los motores del cambio.Por ello en este trabajo expondremos a través de la teoría crítica cual es el estado del escenario internacional, cómo se define y cuáles los intereses en disputa.
Una contribución a la comprensión de la geopolítica y los cambios geopolíticos en la actualidad
Authors: Llano Jorge Casals , Lesznova Georgina Németh
Published: July 2017

En la actualidad no existe una definición suficientemente precisa de la geopolítica por lo que, como suele ocurrir en las ciencias sociales, la indefinición hace posible diferentes lecturas, la mayoría de ellas centradas y desde la óptica del espacio geográfico, de la ocupación física de territorios ricos en recursos naturales y aun de espacios en la tierra considerados vitales para la obtención de ventajas, sean estas políticas, económicas  o militares por unas naciones sobre otras. A todo lo anterior se debe la necesidad de proponer una conceptualización de geopolítica, para adecuarla a la actualidad y a nuestro universo conceptual.
ANGÚSTIA, VERDADE E “SUBJETIVIDADE": KIERKEGAARD INFLUENCIANDO HEIDEGGER
Authors: Ericksen Lauro
Published: July 2017

Aborda as influências admitidas e não admitas por Heidegger em Ser e Tempo acerca do pensamento de Kierkegaard. Analisa as notas de rodapé em que tais influências são textualmente aceitas e indicadas como insuficientes para uma apresentação mais robusta de uma crítica metafísica, debatendo os elementos centrais da angústia e da existência que permeiam o embate lançado. Expõe que a crítica heideggeriana ao entendimento de Kierkegaard se apoia em diferenças terminológicas e conceituais da tradição hegeliana, e não propriamente em equívocos no entendimento kierkegaardiano. Pormenoriza as influências kierkegaardianas textuais e oferece outros elementos não admitidos por Heidegger, tais como a verdade e a subjetividade. Aponta a questão da verdade e da subjetividade como o maior ponto de conexão entre os dois pensadores. Conclui que Heidegger opera uma mera remodelagem, sem trazer elementos originalmente dissonantes em sua apresentação, do pensamento kierkegaardiano.
FOUCAULT E HEIDEGGER: MESTRES DO CUIDADO
Authors: Medeiros Claudio V. F.
Published: July 2017

Por acaso as práticas de autosubjetivação – compreendendo as “artes da existência” de Michel Foucault – forneceriam alternativas para uma ética inteiramente distinta das éticas filosóficas com base em uma adequação às categorias de uma verdade moral amparada na natureza humana, na natureza de Deus, na natureza de acordos organizados em torno de uma ideia de “bem” da sociabilidade, na natureza de regras de sociabilidade antecipadas pelos pressupostos da comunicação cotidiana? Através do cotejo entre o conceito de “cuidado” em Heidegger, como estrutura que preserva a abertura do ser-aí para a confrontação com o seu caráter essencial de poder-ser, e o “cuidado de si” em Foucault, espécie de revitalização da prática filosófica que remete a “educação para a política” a certas “relações de si para consigo”, pretendemos introduzir os traços de uma ética filosófica que não cessou de dever tributos a Heidegger na tradição que constituiu a filosofia francesa do pós-guerra.
É possível uma fundamentação do direito neutra moralmente? Quatro modelos analisados por Habermas
Authors: Dutra Delamar José Volpato
Published: July 2017

O texto visa a apresentar, de modo mais sistemático, a crítica que Habermas endereça a quatro autores fundamentais da filosofia do direito: Hobbes, Kant, Weber e Rawls. O estudo se concentra em demonstrar como Habermas entende o papel da moral na argumentação de cada um deles, tendo em vista a fundamentação do direito.
Capacitação de Educadores e Gestores em Escolas Públicas do Município de Campinas para Redução de Obesidade e do Risco Cardiovascular de Crianças e Adolescentes em Escolas Públicas do Município de Campinas
Authors: Machado Clisnei Isabella Maria , Souccar Patrick Theodore , Magalhães Carolina Parra , Saraiva José Francisco Kerr
Published: July 2017

As doenças cardiovasculares figuram como a principal causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo. As modificações dos hábitos de vida como sedentarismo e consumo excessivo de gorduras e calorias decorrentes do processo de industrialização estão intimamente relacionados com o aumento das Doenças Cardiovasculares. Na gênese da aterosclerose e do desenvolvimento da Doença Cardiovascular, destacam-se fatores de risco modificáveis cuja importância e prevalência estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano dos países industrializados, por isso sua detecção serve como preditor de ocorrência de eventos cardíacos graves. Tal tendência não está restrita a adultos, na população pediátrica é consenso que a obesidade infantil vem aumentando de forma significativa em vários países do mundo. Dessa forma torna-se imprescindível alertar e orientar os alunos matriculados nas escolas da rede pública estadual de São Paulo, a partir de diversas ações educativas com professores, sobre a prevenção de doenças e a promoção da saúde cardiovascular, por meio de uma alimentação balanceada e incentivo à prática de atividade física com conseqüente geração de bem estar biopsicossocial, o que terminou por motivar o desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão aqui descrito. No ano de 2015, foi realizado atividades com educadores da rede pública de ensino na cidade de Campinas para que abordassem com seus alunos temas para a prevenção da obesidade e do risco cardiovascular durante atividades escolares através do incentivo a alimentação balanceada e à prática de atividade física.