bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanofabrication of top-gated carbon nanotube-based transistors: Probing electron-electron interactions in one-dimensional systems
Authors: Sulpizio J.A. , Bandić Z.Z. , Goldhaber-Gordon D.
Published: November 2006

Carbon nanotubes are interesting for studying the remarkable electronic properties of one-dimensional (1D) quantum systems. Electron flow in such systems is not described by Fermi liquid theory—restricted dimensionality leads to the appearance of collective excitations—or Luttinger liquid behavior. Previous studies have probed Luttinger liquid behavior by tunneling into or between one-dimensional systems. We propose to extend these studies by using narrow top gates to introduce tunable tunnel barriers within nanotubes. We report on the scalable fabrication of carbon nanotube-based transistors with nanowire top gates. We have used electron-beam lithography (EBL) to create single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) transistors with source-drain spacings down to 200 nm and with sub-30 nm metal top gates for creating tunable tunnel barriers. The top metal gate is isolated from the nanotube by a thin aluminum oxide layer deposited by atomic layer deposition. We fabricated chips with 100 devices using multiple electron-beam lithography alignment steps and achieved overall placement better than 30 nm. The details of top-gated SWNT transistor fabrication are presented, and initial transport measurements on fabricated devices are discussed.
Evaluating the Interventions for Struggling Adolescent Readers
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Ivey Gay
Published: November 2006

Struggling adolescent readers need interventions that provide them with opportunities to read more and to read better. The authors examine two case studies of interventions at work and propose criteria on which to evaluate intervention programs. Their review of the evidence on these programs for struggling adolescent readers suggests that at least five factors must be present for the intervention to matter:

The teacher should play a critical role in assessment and instruction.

The intervention should reflect a comprehensive approach to reading and writing.

Reading and writing in the intervention should be engaging.

Interventions should be driven by useful and relevant assessments.

Interventions should include significant opportunities for authentic reading and writing.
The Effects of Listening While Reading and Repeated Reading on the Reading Fluency of Adult Learners
Authors: Winn Beth D. , Skinner Christopher H. , Oliver Renee , Hale Andrea D. , Ziegler Mary
Published: November 2006

Much research has validated procedures to enhance reading fluency in children and adolescents, but more is needed to determine whether such procedures work with adults who have deficits in reading skills. A within‐subjects design was used to evaluate and compare the effects of listening while reading (LWR) and repeated readings (RR) on reading fluency in adults reading at about fourth‐ or fifth‐grade level. Results confirmed previous studies with children and adolescents that showed LWR and RR did increase reading fluency, but neither was more effective than the other. This study suggests that the opportunity to read with LWR caused the adult participants' increases in rereading fluency. Although adults and adolescents had similar responses to LWR and RR interventions, the adults' reading fluency appeared to increase more. This finding supports the need for more studies on whether strategies that have been empirically validated with children produce similar effects in adults.
Evidence of greater dung beetle abundance in a rewilded area compared to nearby organic farms
Authors: Brompton Sarah , Cotton Sam , Steer Mark D.
Published: February 2025

Organic farms have been shown to harbour larger and more diverse invertebrate populations and associated ecosystem services compared to other conventional farming methods. However, data on the impacts of rewilding on invertebrates remain scarce.

Dung beetles contribute significantly to ecosystem function and are considered reliable indicators of ecological integrity. They have undergone serious population declines, largely due to changing agricultural practices.

Dung beetles were sampled simultaneously at each of four sites for a total of 120 trapping days at each site. Two of the sites had been rewilded using large, free‐roaming herbivores, and two were nearby organic farms.

The rewilding sites yielded greater species richness and abundance compared to organic farms. The abundance of dung beetles was more than 20 times greater at the rewilded sites compared to organic sites.

One paracoprid (dung‐burying) species, Onthophagus similis, was particularly abundant, comprising 95% of all individuals at the rewilded sites. Nonetheless, captures at the rewilding sites remained significantly higher even after this species was omitted from the analysis.

Practical implication: While additional research is necessary to ascertain whether our findings signify an atypical occurrence, the evidence from this case study suggests that rewilding with large herbivores may provide an effective strategy to combat dung beetle declines, restore ecological function and enhance ecosystem services.
Moving Forward with Social‐Emotional Learning: Practical Strategies and Reflections for English Language Teachers
Authors: Martínez‐Alba Gilda , Herrera Luis Javier Pentón , Kruft Clare
Published: February 2025

Social‐emotional learning (SEL) has been linked to more effective classroom cultures in recent years to help students learn in a trusting environment (McNair & Pentón Herrera, 2022). The inclusion of SEL practices and activities in classrooms for English language teaching (ELT) is beginning to emerge as a topic of study as educators have seen how integral SEL is to language acquisition and student well‐being (Kovats Sánchez et al., 2022). This article cites some of the current research then explains examples of how practical SEL strategies can be used in classrooms with multilingual learners. Some examples include ways to know your students better, use positive psychology practices, select texts that help explore students' emotions, incorporate nature to ground students in their new environments, and work toward creating transformative SEL classrooms. This entry also embeds links to other resources to apply SEL within ELT.
Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs with Active Titanium Species as Bidirectional Catalytic Cathode for Facilitating Lithium Polysulfide Conversion in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Tao Xiao , Qi Yujie , Gu Qinhua , Cao Yiqi , Zhai Zhaofeng , Zhang Chuyan , Han Wenjuan , Huang Nan , Lu Ming , Wang Li , Zhang Bingsen
Published: February 2025

The slow redox kinetics and severe shuttle effect caused by the diffusion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) severely hinder the practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The construction and utilization of catalytic electrode materials are promising strategies to effectively suppress shuttle effect and accelerate redox kinetics of sulfur species. This work reports a simple hydrothermal‐ultrasonic combined method to construct conductive titanium carbide quantum dots (Ti3C2 QDs) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs composites) as efficient electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries. Based on the analysis of dynamic evolutions of Ti3C2 QDs catalysts and sulfur species, Ti3+ and Ti4+ species can be identified as active species that accelerate Li2S nucleation and dissociation. Due to the abundant catalytic active sites from Ti3C2 QDs, Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs effectively catalyze the conversion of LiPSs. Moreover, the conductive CNTs matrix and Ti3C2 QDs significantly enhance charge transport, allowing for rapid Li+/electron transfer. As a result, Ti3C2 QDs@CNTs/S electrode exhibits high initial capacity, good rate capability, and improved long‐term cyclability. This work provides a promising strategy to introduce QDs into the cathode of Li–S battery to achieve better electrochemical performance.
Broadband THz Modulation via Solid‐State Organic Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Scott Jonathan , Kludze Atsutse , Santamore Megan , Kousseff Christina J. , McCulloch Iain , Ghasempour Yasaman , Rand Barry P.
Published: February 2025

The sub‐Terahertz and Terahertz bands play a critical role in next‐generation wireless communication and sensing technologies, thanks to the large amount of available bandwidth in this spectral regime. While long‐wavelength (microwave to mm‐Wave) and short‐wavelength (near‐infrared to ultraviolet) devices are well‐established and studied, the sub‐THz to THz regime remains relatively underexplored and underutilized. Traditional approaches used in the aforementioned spectral regions are more difficult to replicate in the THz band, leading to the need for the development of novel devices and structures that can manipulate THz radiation effectively. Herein a novel organic, solid‐state electrochemical device is presented, capable of achieving modulation depths of over 90% from ≈500 nm of a conducting polymer that switches conductivity over a large dynamic range upon application of an electronically controllable external bias. The stability of such devices under long‐term, repeated voltage switching, as well as continuous biasing at a single voltage, is also explored. Switching stabilities and long‐term bias stabilities are achieved over two days for both use cases. Additionally, both depletion mode (always “ON”) and accumulation mode (always “OFF”) operation are demonstrated. These results suggest applications of organic electrochemical THz modulators in large area and flexible implementations.
Alkali Induction Strategy for Artificial Photosynthesis of Hydrogen by TiO2 Heterophase Homojunctions
Authors: Xu Minghua , Ruan Xiaowen , Shahid Malik Zeeshan , Meng Depeng , Fang Guozhen , Ding Chunsheng , Zhang Wei , Leng Jing , Wang Songcan , Ravi Sai Kishore , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2025

The robust separation and utilization of photogenerated electrons‐holes (e−‐h+) are key in accelerating redox reactions. Unlike traditional heterojunction photocatalysts, homojunction features different energy bandgaps with interchangeable compositions that can significantly trigger charge carrier dynamics, but their precise construction remains an ongoing challenge owing to quick lattice‐level modulations. Herein, TiO2‐based homojunction (HTM‐OH) holding dissimilar yet discernible crystalline phases (anatase and rutile) are rationally constructed by a straightforward alkali‐induced strategy which enables controllable lattice‐transition/orientation. The resulting HTM‐OH exhibits speedy separation and well‐guided flow of e−‐h+ over redox sites with extended carrier lifetime, leading to high‐rate hydrogen generation (HER, 34.35 mmol g−1 h−1) under simulated sunlight. Moreover, a self‐made thin film of HTM‐OH indicates a notable scale‐up potential under real‐time sunlight. This work furnishes a new non‐complex homojunction strategy for speeding charge carrier kinetics, credibly extendable to a diverse range of catalysts and applications.
The Concentration of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Arachidonic Acid (AA) in Human Milk Is Associated With the Size of Maternal Social Network
Authors: Babiszewska‐Aksamit Magdalena , Szołtysik Marek , Apanasewicz Anna , Piosek Magdalena , Winczowska Patrycja , Cierniak Agnieszka , Danel Dariusz P. , Ziomkiewicz Anna
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Social factors, such as kin and non‐kin support in helping the mother of a newborn baby, impact the duration of lactation and may affect human milk composition. Recent studies suggest that maternal stress negatively affects the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk, which are crucial for infant vision and brain development. We suggest that social support may have the potential to attenuate a negative effect of stress on the composition of human milk fatty acids.

Methods

We studied 129 exclusively breastfeeding mothers and their healthy, term infants to explore the relationship between support from significant others (structural and functional) and the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, N = 49) and arachidonic acid (AA, N = 129) in human milk. We also examined whether maternal stress reactivity (log Cort. AUC) may be related to these fatty acids. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the concentration of DHA and AA in human milk samples.

Results

Analyses revealed a positive association between the number of helpers (structural support) and the concentration of DHA and AA. Maternal stress reactivity was not a statistically significant predictor of DHA and AA contents in milk and was unrelated to the number of helpers.

Conclusion

Our results show for the first time that human milk composition, particularly DHA and AA concentrations, may be associated with the size of mothers' immediate social network of kin and non‐kin helpers. This result is consistent with evolutionary studies that emphasize the role of cooperative breeding in human reproduction.
Chronic Stress and Severe Water Insecurity During the Historic 2022 Drought in Northern Kenya Were Associated With Inflammation Among Daasanach Seminomadic Pastoralists
Authors: Roba Kedir Teji , Jacobson Hannah , McGrosky Amanda , Sadhir Srishti , Ford Leslie B. , Pfaff Marcela , Kim Elizabeth Y. , Nzunza Rosemary , Douglass Matthew , Braun David R. , Ndiema Emmanuel , Urlacher Samuel S. , Pontzer Herman , Rosinger Asher Y.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Extreme climatic events, like droughts, are increasing in frequency and severity. Droughts disrupt community livelihoods and resources with serious implications for human biology. This study investigated how chronic stress, measured by fingernail cortisol concentration (FCC), and water insecurity status were predictive of C‐reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, during a historic drought among Daasanach seminomadic pastoralists.

Methods

Data were collected at the height of the 2022 drought from 128 Daasanach household heads aged 16–80 years in northern Kenya using household surveys, anthropometric measurements, and dried blood spots to assess CRP levels and fingernails to assess FCC. We employed mixed‐effects linear and logistic regression models to examine the relationships between log‐transformed FCC, high water insecurity status measured via the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE ≥ 24) scale, and serum‐equivalent CRP (log‐transformed and dichotomized at mild, low‐grade inflammation ≥ 1 mg/L) adjusted for covariates.

Results

The mean serum‐equivalent CRP was 4.1 mg/L and 56.3% of Daasanach adults had at least mild, low‐grade inflammation. Linear models indicated that ln(FCC) was positively associated with ln(CRP) (β = 0.56, SE = 0.12; p < 0.001). Further, logistic models demonstrated that ln(FCC) (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.84–3.95; p < 0.001) and high water insecurity (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.34–3.72; p = 0.002) were both associated with greater odds of low‐grade inflammation.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence for how chronic stress and severe water insecurity may impact inflammation levels among pastoralists during drought. Since inflammation is central to cardiometabolic disease etiology, this is an additional reason to mitigate the negative health impacts of droughts and water insecurity exacerbated by climate change.
Recent Advances in Transition Metal Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Debnath Sabyasachi , Bera Parthasarathi , Mirza Yafia Kousin , Bhatt Shreya , Pandey Ajeet Kumar , Jana Poulami , Saha Biswajit , Bera Milan
Published: February 2025

Transition metal catalyzed decarboxylative cross‐coupling reactions that generate C – C bonds and C – heteroatom bonds have become useful methods to synthesize several value‐added organic molecules. Decarboxylative cross‐couplings establish profitable replacements to conventional cross‐coupling or addition reactions involving organometallic reagents. The key factor in the extensive implementation of these methods has been the endured development of consistent and flexible transition metal catalysts that function under operationally simple, user‐friendly conditions. This review focuses on recent advances (from 2015 to till date) and discoveries on these reactions with interest on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions.
Catalysis‐driven active transport across a liquid membrane
Authors: Liang Kaiyuan , Nicoli Federico , Al Shehimy Shaymaa , Penocchio Emanuele , Di Noja Simone , Li Yuhan , Bonfio Claudia , Borsley Stefan , Ragazzon Giulio
Published: February 2025

Biology has mastered energy transduction, converting energy between various forms, and employing it to drive its vital processes. Central to this is the ability to use chemical energy for the active transport of substances, pumping ions and molecules across hydrophobic lipid membranes between aqueous (sub)cellular compartments. Biology employs information ratchet mechanisms, where kinetic asymmetry in the fuel‐to‐waste (i.e., substrate‐to‐product) conversion results in catalysis‐driven active transport. Here, we report an artificial system for catalysis‐driven active transport across a liquid hydrophobic membrane, pumping a maleic acid cargo between aqueous compartments. We employ two strategies to differentiate the conditions in either compartment, showing that transmembrane active transport can be driven either by adding fuel to a single compartment, or by differentiating the rates of activation and/or hydrolysis when fuel is present in both compartments. We characterize the nonequilibrium system through complete kinetic analysis. Finally, we quantify the energy transduction achieved by the catalysis‐driven active transport and establish the emergence of positive and negative feedback mechanisms within the system.
Oxygen‐Coordinated Single‐Atom Nickel Catalysts Derived from Water‐Induced Metal‐Organic Framework Aerogel for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Zhao Jia-Wei , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong-Wen (David)
Published: February 2025

Research on metal‐organic framework (MOF) aerogels is relatively scarce, primarily constrained by the limited availability of synthetic methods. Herein, a water‐induced rapid conversion process of MOF powder to MOF aerogel is demonstrated, where the macroscopic transition is essentially due to the reassembly of microscopic constituent units and the rapid alteration of morphological structure. The derived catalyst possesses abundant holes left by the acid leaching process, leading to the high enrichment of O‐coordinated single‐atom Ni sites on the concomitant carbon edges. Consequently, such a catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media, only requiring a low overpotential of 279 mV to drive the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm‐2. Density functional theory calculations further reveal the reduced OER energy barrier over the edge‐enriched O‐coordinated single‐atom Ni sites, as compared with internal O‐coordinated sites and traditional N‐coordinated sites. This is primarily attributed to the optimization effect of distinctive O‐coordinated structure and synergistic edge effect on the electronic structure of active Ni centers.
Synthesis, Comprehensive Characterization, and Enhanced Dielectric Performance of Chitosan–Silver Oxide Composites for Advanced Electronic Applications
Authors: Abdel‐Basset T. A. , Alkayal Nazeeha S. , Khalil Khaled , Bashal Ali H.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we synthesized and characterized chitosan–silver oxide (Ag₂O) nanocomposites to investigate their dielectric properties and potential applications in advanced electronics. Comprehensive analysis using techniques such as TGA, EDX, XRD, SEM, and FTIR confirmed the successful formation of uniformly dispersed Ag₂O nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix. The interaction between silver oxide and the active sites of chitosan was crucial in achieving this stable composite structure. Our findings revealed that the dielectric permittivity of the nanocomposites decreases with increasing frequency, particularly in samples with higher Ag₂O content, because of Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization. Furthermore, the electric modulus analysis indicated reduced electrode polarization and enhanced α‐relaxation with increased Ag₂O, suggesting improved performance in frequency‐dependent applications. The conductivity behavior, characterized by a power‐law dependence on frequency, aligns with the correlated barrier hopping model of charge transport. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the experimental results, highlighting the stability and enhanced reactivity of the Ag₂O/CS composite compared with pure chitosan. These combined experimental and theoretical insights underscore the potential of Ag₂O/CS nanocomposites for applications in electrical engineering, catalysis, sensing, and nanomaterial fabrication.
Copper Nanoclusters Modified MOF‐199 for the Removal of Methyl Mercaptan and Hydrogen Sulfide From Natural Gas
Authors: Zhou Feiyu , Zhu Wenli , Chen Xuedan , Xu Changkangle , He Maozheng , Fu Qingshan
Published: February 2025

MOF‐199 is modified by copper nanoclusters in three different solvents (H2O, DMF and H2O + DMF) to improve its performance in simultaneous removal of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. The composites are characterized by sorts of evaluation methods, and their capacities for removal of methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas are evaluated. The results show that copper nanoclusters are successfully loaded on MOF‐199, and the morphology and crystal structure of the modified MOF‐199 do not change significantly compared with pure MOF‐199. However, the type of solvent and the content of copper nanoclusters affect the specific surface area and pore size of MOF‐199. The highest specific surface area of 1177 m2 g−1 is reached when 0.24‐wt% copper nanoclusters are loaded on MOF‐199 in H2O. This sample presents a total pore volume of 0.58 cm3 g−1, an average pore size of 2.01 nm, and the highest breakthrough capacities for H2S (41.25 mg g−1) and CH3SH (71.42 mg g−1), which are 33.75% and 65.59% higher than that of pure MOF‐199, respectively. This demonstrates that the modification of MOF‐199 by copper nanoclusters can further boost the removal efficiency of H2S and CH3SH.
From Nets to Knowledge—Fishers Unveil Threatened Guitarfish Catch Drivers and Fishing Grounds
Authors: Zubair Masiat Alam , Islam Md. Sazidul , Khan Shawnujjaman , Hosssain Nazia , Haque Alifa Bintha
Published: February 2025

The artisanal fishing in the Bay of Bengal has been characterized by complex heterogeneity. A lack of comprehensive data on threatened elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), including guitarfish, hinders evidence‐based management. This study evaluated the status of guitarfish, focusing on the effects of artisanal fishing and the socioeconomic circumstances of fishers impacting catch and perceived catch trends. The impacts were assessed spatially and temporally in coastal Bangladesh. Interviews were conducted with 150 artisanal fishers in primary fish landing locations and fishing communities. The analysis showed a notable decrease in the perceived catch of various guitarfish species. Catch decreased significantly for Glaucostegus granulatus, sharpnose guitarfish, and Rhina ancylostoma, bowmouth guitarfish in the past decade. The decrease was linked to overfishing, illegal/harmful fishing techniques and injuries from fishing equipment. Fishing‐related (soak time, gear, depth at fishing and vessel length) and socioeconomic drivers (income and debt levels) were found to impact guitarfish catch levels. Socioeconomic factors complicate the situation because these factors influence fishers' fishing habits, perspectives and decision‐making. Guitarfish were caught both as a target and incidentally. Most captures occurred in the southcentral region of Bangladesh. Four hotspots of guitarfish catches were identified based on the fishers' knowledge. The critical habitats in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna (GBM) delta mouth area are vital habitats for guitarfish, highlighting the need to protect these ecosystems using spatial management tools. To tackle the complex issues of guitarfish conservation, the local fishing communities need a holistic strategy combining biological knowledge, socioeconomic factors and specific codesigned initiatives. Although fishers may lack formal education, there is a distinct potential for specialized and bilateral conservation education programmes to empower fishing communities and promote sustainable practices. Conservation measures should focus on mixed methods, such as community engagement, enhanced socioeconomic circumstances and efficient spatial and fishing technique management.
Diversifying Ecology Education for Everyone Through More Inclusive, Interdisciplinary, and Accessible Teaching
Authors: Byrne Loren B. , Rauschert Emily S. J. , Rodgers Vikki L. , Bowser Gillian , Casper Aramati , Dewsbury Bryan , Morales Nia , Vance‐Chalcraft Heather D. , Weber Louise
Published: February 2025

Educating more students about ecology and its beneficial applications to societal issues is urgent yet challenging. To address this challenge, diversifying ecology education is a key way to make ecology more inclusive, accessible, and interdisciplinary for more people than ever. Advancing this goal requires ecology educators to develop a more expansive view of (1) how to engage more diverse undergraduate students in ecology courses, especially those from historically underrepresented groups and non‐majors, (2) the interdisciplinarity of content in those courses, and (3) the learner‐centered pedagogies used to engage students. We suggest ways that ecologists can advance “ecology education for everyone” including focusing on connecting ecology to students' everyday lives and local (urbanized) places; applying ecology to solving problems in social–ecological systems; introducing students to the diversity of worldviews about science and nature; and adopting authentic teaching practices such as course‐based undergraduate research, service learning, and reflective practices. Through such efforts, ecology education can become more positivistic and pluralistic and help students better appreciate the value of ecology for society and use their ecological literacy to engage in improving local communities and ecosystems. Successful diversification of ecology education should also benefit the discipline of ecology as more diverse students decide to take more ecology courses, potentially pursue ecology‐related careers, and support ecologically based decision‐making for a more sustainable and environmentally just future for all people.
The FRET‐Based APTA Sensor/Cy3 Complex for Glucose Determination
Authors: Bardajee Ghasem Rezanejade , Chahrogh Afsaneh Rahimi , Atashkadi Mojdeh
Published: February 2025

This study developed a sensitive and cost‐effective fluorescent probe based on the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) method to monitor blood glucose levels. The APTA sensor/Cy3 probe consisted of cadmium telluride quantum dots modified with thioglycolic acid (CdTe‐TGA QDs), a thiol‐glucose‐aptamer, and a Cy3‐labeled aptamer. Due to the well‐matched emission spectrum of the CdTe QDs and the absorption spectrum of Cy3, the FRET system decreased fluorescence intensity. However, glucose molecules quenched it when introduced to the system. The linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and glucose concentration was established with a detection limit of 7.72 × 10−9 M. The APTA sensor/Cy3 complex demonstrated excellent selectivity and specificity toward glucose and a high recovery rate of 96.00–101.11% in human serum and urine using the spiking method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the APTA sensor/Cy3 complex were confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. The results suggest that the FRET‐based APTA sensor/Cy3 complex would lead to the development of fluorescent probes for screening biological metabolites in clinical diagnostics and research.
Enhancing Biomass Productivity by Forecast‐Informed Pond Operations
Authors: Yan Hongxiang , Wigmosta Mark S. , Sun Ning , Gao Song , Huesemann Michael H.
Published: February 2025

Microalgal cultivation for biofuels and proteins holds significant promise but faces challenges in achieving economically viable biomass productivity under variable environmental conditions. This study introduces a forecast‐informed pond operation (FIPO) system that uses numerical weather prediction (NWP) ensemble forecasts and the biomass assessment tool (BAT) to optimize daily dilution rates for enhanced biomass production. In contrast to the current practice, where fixed dilution rates are based on operator experience, the FIPO system determines the optimal dilution rate based on future weather forecasts and biomass growth conditions. Our experiments validate the effectiveness of FIPO in both short‐ and long‐term growth scenarios. In short‐term experiments, FIPO increased biomass production by 21.3% compared to batch growth and 7.4% over fixed dilution (60% every 3 days) operations. The NWP forecast‐informed operations achieved biomass production nearly identical to that using perfect weather forecasts, highlighting the accuracy of current NWP forecasts for guiding pond operations. In long‐term experiments, FIPO resulted in biomass production increases of 13.3% and 17.8% compared to two fixed dilution rates (60% every 3 days and 20% daily). These findings underscore the viability of using NWP forecasts to optimize microalgal cultivation systems. By adjusting daily dilution rates in response to forecasted weather, operators can achieve higher biomass yields and mitigate risks associated with environmental variability. This study provides a foundation for future research and practical applications in commercial‐scale microalgal production.
Self‐Reported Motor and Non‐Motor Symptoms in People With Functional Gait Disorder: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Issak Sara , Williams Gavin , Kanaan Richard A. , Fini Natalie A. , Nielsen Glenn
Published: February 2025

Background

Functional gait disorder is a common presentation of functional neurological disorder. Altered gait is the defining feature, along with a range of associated motor and nonmotor symptoms. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and impact of these symptoms in people with functional gait disorder.

Methods

A total of 156 people with functional gait disorder completed an online survey that included demographic information, self‐reported symptoms, and standardized questionnaires.

Results

Weakness (85.9%) and reduced balance (80.1%) were the most prevalent motor symptoms, while fatigue (85.9%), somatosensory (69.9%), and cognitive (69.9%) symptoms were the most prevalent nonmotor symptoms. Logistic regression indicated that dependent ambulation had the greatest association with fear of falling and functional seizures (X2 (11, n = 128) = 40.68, p < 0.001). Stepwise regression indicated that functional seizures, muscle rigidity, depression, fear of falling, pain, and speech symptoms were associated with reduced participation in work and social function (adjusted R2 = 0.39, F (6, 120) = 14.31, p < 0.001). Stepwise regression revealed that lower physical quality of life was associated with pain, bradykinesia, fatigue, and dystonia (adjusted R2 = 0.32, F (4, 122) = 15.92, p < 0.001) while depression, anxiety, and functional seizures were associated with reduced mental quality of life (adjusted R2 = 0.46, F (3, 123) = 36.89, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Motor and nonmotor symptoms are highly prevalent in people with functional gait disorder and are associated with high levels of disability, reduced participation in work and social function, and reduced quality of life.
Barriers of Blockchain in Sustainability Reporting: An Application With Fuzzy AHP
Authors: Oz Yaşar , Cakir Fatma Sönmez , Ceyhan İsmail Fatih , Zelka Ahmet , Akbulut Halim
Published: February 2025

Sustainability Reporting, which is a non‐financial reporting, is an important practice that includes measuring and reporting the social, environmental, and economic impacts of an organization. The accuracy and transparency of these reports is a crucial factor for consumers and investors. Blockchain technology is seen as a tool that can increase the accuracy and transparency of sustainability reporting by offering a decentralized and transparent system. However, there are barriers to the use and adoption of blockchain technology. Studies reveal technological, institutional, organizational, and environmental factors. Integration issues between different blockchain networks can threaten data integrity and accuracy. In addition, problems such as high energy consumption and low transaction speed can also affect the sustainability of blockchain technology. In the study, the barriers to the use of blockchain technology in sustainability reporting were analysed. For this purpose, the criteria determined were presented to expert opinions and criterion weighting was made with the Fuzzy AHP method. The most important results from the study show that resistance to change, the idea that the system works at a limited capacity, and the lack of trust in the system are the most affecting barriers preventing the adoption of blockchain technology in this space.
Augmented Reality‐Based Interactive Scheme for Robot‐Assisted Percutaneous Renal Puncture Navigation
Authors: Zhuang Yiwei , Wang Shuyi , Xie Hua , Qing Wei , Li Haoliang , Shen Yuhan , Shen Yichun
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present an Augmented Reality (AR)‐based application combined with a robotic system for percutaneous renal puncture navigation interaction and demonstrate its technical feasibility. Our system provides an intuitive interaction scheme between the surgeon and the robot without the need for traditional external input devices, and applies an image‐target‐based 3D registration scheme to transform the coordinate system between Hololens2 and the robot without using additional tracking devices. Users can visualize the abdominal puncture phantom and obtain 3D depth information of the lesion site by wearing Hololens2 and control the robot directly using buttons or gestures. To investigate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed interaction scheme, six subjects were recruited to complete 3D registration alignment accuracy experiments, and puncture positioning accuracy experiments using ultrasound unaided navigation, AR unaided navigation and AR robotic navigation. The results showed that the average alignment error of 3D registration was 3.61 ± 1.05 mm. The average positioning errors of ultrasound freehand navigation, AR freehand navigation and AR robotic navigation were 7.67 ± 2.00 mm, 6.13 ± 1.07 mm and 5.52 ± 0.37 mm, respectively; the average puncture times were 34.86 ± 1.67 s, 22.40 ± 2.07 s, and 29.41 ± 1.37 s.
Phytochemical Profile and Anticancer Activity of Achillea conferta Leaf Extracts: Insights into Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Bouaziz Mohamed , Shakoori Yaseen Mhmood , Razooq Hameed Al-Samarrai Rafah , Zouari Sami
Published: February 2025

This study explores the phytochemical composition and biological potential of extracts from Achillea conferta leaves, specifically Hydroethanolic Extract (HE), Total Flavonoid Extract (TFE), and Glycoside Flavonoid Extract (GFE). Phytochemical screening of HE revealed significant concentrations of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins, quantified as 48.36 µg GAE/mL extract, 32.40 µg QE/mL extract, and 4.85 µg TAE/mL extract, respectively. High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) identified key flavonoids in TFE and GFE, including catechin, epigallocatechin, hesperidin, myricetin, rutin, isorhamnetin, and luteolin. Antioxidant activities were assessed using assays for reactive oxygen species (ROS), total peroxides, and free radical scavenging (DPPH). GFE demonstrated the highest ROS concentration at 269 µM/g extract. The antiproliferative effects on breast, esophageal, and large intestine cancer cell lines were evaluated, with GFE showing greater efficacy than TFE in all tested cell lines, highlighting the therapeutic potential of A. conferta extracts. These findings highlight the medicinal potential of A. conferta as a natural source of antioxidants and anticancer agents. However, further research is necessary to explore detailed mechanistic pathways and the in vivo efficacy of these extracts.
Epigallocatechin‐Gallate: Unraveling Its Protective Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Dong Xiang‐Wen , Fang Wen‐Lan , Li Yun‐Hang , Chai Yu‐Rong
Published: February 2025

Epigallocatechin‐gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin in green tea, is a key constituent of tea polyphenols. Due to the EGCG's diverse biological activities of anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and so forth, green tea is believed to exert a positive influence on a variety of diseases. And extensive research had uncovered a range of protective effects attributed to EGCG, indicating its potential to mitigate various pathological conditions. The precise mechanisms through which EGCG operates remain a subject of ongoing discussion among researchers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a primary culprit in oxidative stress, have been demonstrated to be reduced by EGCG. Furthermore, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), a pivotal signal molecular of inflammation progress, has been observed to be suppressed by EGCG. Sirtuins1 (Sirt1) is a histone deacetylase, the obligate substrate of which is NAD+. Evidence suggests that EGCG can enhance the activities of Sirt1 to induce autophagy to protect inflammation injury and oxidative stress in tissues and organs. Despite the promising protective effects of EGCG, its clinical use is constrained by its limited bioavailability. This review aims to consolidate the existing evidence and elucidate the mechanisms that support EGCG's protective role, as well as to explore the challenges and potential strategies for its clinical application.
Mechanisms of particle adhesion influence on high‐viscosity solid–liquid flow and mixing in a stirred tank using particle image velocimetry
Authors: Wei Hui‐Long , Liu Rong‐Sheng , Ouyang Bo , Zhu Li‐Tao , Lei He , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: February 2025

In recent years, despite significant advancements in particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology for multiphase flows, research focused on uncovering the mechanisms of flow and mixing in unconventional high‐viscosity two‐phase systems remains relatively scarce. To address this issue, we conduct angle‐resolved PIV experiments to investigate the mechanism of particle adhesion and its effect on high‐viscosity solid–liquid flow and mixing in a stirred tank reactor. The glycerol aqueous solution (92 wt.%) and the silica glass spheres are designed as the continuous phase and the discrete phase, respectively, to achieve the refractive index matching (RIM). Multi‐view experiments are subsequently conducted to reveal particle adhesion mechanisms and screen their effect on the spatial distribution of solids inside the stirred tank. This work provides valuable insights into the identification of particle adhesion mechanism in solid–liquid stirred tank reactors.
Community‐engaged adaptation of ACCESS: A navigator‐led early palliative care intervention for Black and Latina women with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Mazor Melissa , Lin Jenny J. , Smith Cardinale , Rosa William E. , Moorehead Dolores , Boorstin Rebecca M. , Karpin Jordan , Nelson Alex , Bakitas Marie A. , Miller Sarah , Odom J. Nicholas
Published: February 2025

This study adapted ACCESS, a navigator‐led early palliative care model, to address disparities in care for Black and Latina women with advanced breast cancer using qualitative feedback from patients and health care professionals. Findings emphasize the importance of cultural alignment, flexible care, and strong interdisciplinary coordination to enhance acceptability and improve supportive care equity.
Financial toxicity: A ubiquitous condition in patients with cancer
Authors: Unger Joseph M.
Published: February 2025

Financial toxicity is ubiquitous in cancer patients, including in patients enrolled in early phase clinical trials. The prevalence of financial toxicity has implications for policymakers.
Olaparib in treatment‐refractory isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)– and IDH2‐mutant cholangiocarcinoma: Safety and antitumor activity from the phase 2 National Cancer Institute 10129 trial
Authors: Cecchini Michael , Pilat Mary Jo , Uboha Nataliya , Azad Nilofer S. , Cho May , Davis Elizabeth J. , Ahnert Jordi Rodon , Tinoco Gabriel , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Khagi Simon , Powers Benjamin , Spencer Kristen , Groisberg Roman , Drappatz Jan , Chen Li , Das Biswajit , Bao Xun , Li Jing , Narayan Azeet , Vu Dennis , Patel Abhijit , Niger Monica , Doroshow Deborah , Durecki Diane , Boerner Scott A. , Bindra Ranjit , Ivy Percy , Shyr Derek , Shyr Yu , LoRusso Patricia M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Neomorphic isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations lead to the accumulation of 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG), an oncometabolite implicated in tumor progression via inhibitory effects on alpha‐ketoglutarate. Moreover, mutant IDH–dependent accumulation of 2‐HG results in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which preclinically renders tumors sensitive to poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Here, the results of the cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) arm of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 10129 olaparib in IDH‐mutant solid tumors basket trial are reported.

Methods

Olaparib 300 mg twice daily was evaluated in an open‐label, phase 2 clinical trial for treatment‐refractory IDH‐mutant solid tumors. Patients in the IDH‐mutant CCA arm enrolled in two cohorts: (1) IDH inhibitor (IDHi) pretreated and (2) IDHi untreated, with a primary end point of overall response rate.

Results

NCI 10129 enrolled 30 patients with IDH‐mutant CCA with no objective responses seen, and recruitment was closed early. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 2.4 months (95% CI, 1.9 to 6.5 months) and median overall survival was 12.9 months (95% CI, 6.3 months to not reached). Eight patients (27%) had clinical benefit (CB), with a PFS of ≥6 months. Patients with CB had lower baseline 2‐HG levels compared to those without CB (1.4 vs. 5.9 µmol/L; p = .01).

Conclusions

Olaparib does not have sufficient single‐agent activity to warrant further development in IDH‐mutant CCA. However, a subgroup of patients demonstrated CB, and exploratory analysis revealed this subgroup to be enriched for lower baseline 2‐HG levels. Future clinical trials leveraging the HRD properties of IDH mutations are warranted with enhanced patient selection and novel combination therapies.
Progress and Perspectives of Lithium Isotope Separation
Authors: He Pengbing , Xie Qionghua , Wang Jinyu , Yao Guocheng , Wang Liangshi
Published: February 2025

Stabilized lithium isotopes (6Li, 7Li) play an important role in related fields such as energy and defense. With the advancement of nuclear technology, the demand for lithium isotopes is expected to increase significantly. Although the separation of lithium amalgam is effective, it poses greater pollution risks. Therefore, it is very important to establish an efficient, green and sustainable lithium isotope separation method. Lithium isotopes are extremely difficult to isolate, but the discovery of their differences in migration (diffusion) rates, optical excitation, magnetic field response, and chemical binding has enable their potential separation lithium isotopes. Among the various lithium isotope separation methods developed, electrochemical migration stands out as a technique with industrial potential due to its high single‐stage separation factor. Hence, this paper focuses on the research progress of lithium isotope separation methods with significant industrial potential. It elucidates the merits and challenges of various techniques, explores key obstacles to their industrialization. Finally, a method for separating lithium isotopes using solid electrolytes is described in the context of lithium‐ion battery technology and related research on lithium isotope separation. Despite being in its infancy, this method warrants further research and experimentation.
Environmental, Social, and Governance Ratings in the United Kingdom: Do Eco‐Innovation and Environmental Training Program Matter?
Authors: Emam Doaa , Borgi Hela , Alessa Noha , Albitar Khaldoon
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of eco‐innovation and environmental training programs on corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings in the United Kingdom (UK). The sample includes 1251 firm‐year observations from the London Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2021. Utilizing various regression models, our findings show that both eco‐innovation and environmental training programs significantly enhance corporate ESG ratings in the UK. Further analysis reveals that these programs are crucial drivers of ESG ratings, regardless of firm performance. These results have important implications for policymakers and governments, highlighting the need for action plans to support companies, both practically and financially, in adopting environmental innovations and green training initiatives for their employees.
Access to Highly Functional and Polymerizable Carbonate‐Drug Conjugates
Authors: Shi Wangyu , Senthamarai Thirusangumurugan , Lanzi Matteo , Orlando Paolo , Nogúes Martín Rodrigo , Kleij Arjan Willem
Published: February 2025

We here report the synthesis of two types of six‐membered cyclic carbonate monomers equipped with various drug molecules through ester linkages. The target compounds can be isolated in good yields and feature diagnostic IR and 13C NMR spectroscopic fingerprints in line with their proposed connectivities. As a potential application, we investigated their ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), showing that the nature of the cyclic carbonate is crucial towards macromolecular carbonate formation. The functionalized polycarbonates have molecular weights of up to 10 kg/mol, controllable functionality and a variable drug‐to‐carbonate ratio. This work demonstrates the adaptive synthesis of new types of functionalized six‐membered cyclic carbonates with potential as precursors to polycarbonate‐drug type macromolecules.