bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digoxin potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of low-dose phenobarbital and clonazepam under primary generalized seizures with different neurochemical mechanisms
Authors: Цивунін В. В. , Штриголь С. Ю.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study – to investigate the influence of cardiac glycoside digoxin on the anticonvulsant activity of low-dose phenobarbital and clonazepam under models of primary generalized seizures with dif- ferent neurochemical mechanisms.

A total of 192 random-bred male albino mice have been used. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were admin- istered 30 min before to seizure induction once intragastrically at conditionally effective (ED50) and sub- effective (1/2 ED50) doses: phenobarbital – at doses of 20 and 10 mg/kg; clonazepam – at doses of 0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg. Digoxin was administered once subcutaneously at subcardiotonic dose of 0.8 mg/kg body weight (1/10 LD50) 10–15 min before seizure induction. Picrotoxin (aqueous solution 2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously), thiosemicarbazide (aqueous solution 25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), strychnine (aqueous solution 1.2 mg/kg, subcutaneously), camphor (oil solution 1000 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) have been used as convulsive agents.

Digoxin has been shown not only to have a pronounced anticonvulsant effect under conditions of pri- mary generalized seizures induced by picrotoxin and strychnine, as well as moderate antagonism with thiosemicarbazide and camphor, but also significantly enhances the anticonvulsant potential of low doses

of classical drugs with well-known GABA-ergic properties – phenobarbital and clonazepam. Synergism with phenobarbital was particularly pronounced on the strychnine- and picrotoxin-induced models of sei- zures, to a lesser extent in the camphor-induced model, where the combination of an AED with a cardiac glycoside provided a complete protective effect – 100 % survival. In the model of thiosemicarbazide- induced seizures, the synergism of digoxin and phenobarbital was much weaker and related only to certain seizures’ indicators (statistically significant increase in the latency period of convulsions and decrease in the duration of the seizure period). Digoxin enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of a subeffective dose of clonazepam in the thiosemicarbazide- and strychnine-induced models, while cardiac glycoside did not interfere with the 100 % protective effect of clonazepam in the picrotoxin- and camphor-induced models of seizures.

The results obtained substantiate the expediency of further in-depth study of digoxin as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of epilepsy, in particular, its drug-resistant forms.
Порушення чоловічої репродуктивної функції за метаболічного синдрому та підходи до фармакологічної корекції
Authors: Шаяхметова Г. М. , Ткаченко О. Є. , Коваленко В. М.
Published: May 2023

Метаболічний синдром (МС) є однією з найактуальніших проблем медицини сьогодення, пов’язаних з веденням нездорового способу життя: обмеженням фізичної активності, типовою західною дієтою, яка прийнята в усьому світі завдяки смаковим якостям і ціні, зростанням емоцій­них навантажень, схильністю до шкідливих звичок. Епідеміологічні дані наочно свідчать про те, що збільшення частоти чоловічого безпліддя сьогодні відбувається на тлі «неінфекційних епідемій» XXI століття: МС, ожиріння і цукрового діабету 2 типу (ЦД­2). Незважаючи на те, що основою ліку­ вання МС та ожиріння має бути поєднання дієтотерапії та дозованих фізичних навантажень, на практиці використання лише немедикаментозних методів корекції маси тіла є малоефективним і короткочасним, що спонукає частину пацієнтів вдаватись до фармакотерапії. При цьому не всі механізми впливу МС на чоловічу фертильність до кінця розкриті, а підходи до фармакокорекції не визначені остаточно.

Мета дослідження – узагальнення та критичне обговорення наявних експериментальних і клініч­ них даних щодо механізмів, які залучені до порушення чоловічої фертильності при МС, і сучасних методів фармакокорекції. Було проведено розширений пошук у ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar та пов’язаних базах даних для виявлення релевантних публікацій.

Відповідно до сучасних уявлень, ожиріння та інсулінорезистентність (ІР)/ЦД­2 є ключовими ком­ понентами МС. Зниження рівня тестостерону (андрогенний дефіцит) – новий патогенетично важли­ вий компонент МС у чоловіків. Серед механізмів, залучених до розвитку порушень чоловічої репро­ дуктивної функції, окрім того згадують гіперінсулінемію, гіперлептинемію, оксидативний стрес і дефіцит оксиду азоту, системне хронічне запалення та ренальну ліпотоксичність, автоімунне локаль­ не запалення сім’яників й епідидимісів, індуковане цитокінами на фоні ІР й андрогенного дефіциту.

Наукові публікації свідчать про потенційну роль метформіну в корекції порушень чоловічої репро­ дуктивної функції за МС, але дані стосовно впливу даного препарату (захисний або шкідливий) на тестикулярну функцію досить суперечливі. Те саме стосується й препаратів тестостерону. З огляду на те, що МС пов’язаний з окиснювальним стресом і прозапальним станом, у всіх випадках пору­ шення фертильності на тлі ІР видається патогенетично виправданим застосовувати засоби з потуж­ ними антиоксидантними властивостями.

Виходячи з того, що репродуктивне здоров’я людини є важливою передумовою сприятливих демографічних перспектив нації, встановлення у віковому аспекті механізмів порушення чоловічої репродуктивної функції за МС й експериментальне обґрунтування профілактики та лікування таких порушень є актуальною проблемою сьогодення. Це визначає необхідність проведення як подаль­ ших експериментальних досліджень, так і клінічного аналізу впливу МС на чоловічу репродуктивну функцію в різних вікових груп, а також розробки підходів щодо обґрунтованої своєчасної фармако­ корекції.
Molar pregnancy with a co-exist normal viable fetus and successful pregnancy outcome: a case report
Authors: Hossain Nasrin , Anjuman Faria , Mahmud Mohammod Sharif , Hossain Shamin
Published: May 2023

Background: Co-existence of a hydatidiform mole with a normal fetus is extremely rare and is considered as a high risk pregnancy.
Methods: It was an observational study conducted during July 2020 to march 2021
Case report: A 23 year old primigravida, referred with a diagnosis of 27 weeks pregnancy with gestational choriocarcinoma. She was booked patient.  USG report at 9 weeks with a single gestational sac and single fetal pole. Her complains were lower abdominal pain and brownish vaginal discharge. Thoroughly evaluated the patient to exclude distal metastasis. Serum Beta HCG was 3,23,280 IU/L. USG and fetal MRI report were single graved fetus, no anomaly detected and a large hyper echogenic soft tissue mass (10*7cm) interposed with multiple tiny cystic spaces near to placenta. Diagnosis was 28 weeks pregnancy with partial mole and high rising β HCG level.  Proper counseling, the pregnancy was continued as per the patient’s desire. The pregnancy was closely monitored with serial serum β HCG, and USG. Spontaneously labour pain start at 36 weeks pregnancy and delivered a live baby per vaginally at 36 weeks with near normal Apgar score. The placenta with molar tissue was sent for histopathological examination. The histopathologically confirmed partial mole with normal placenta. Beta HCG was 20,000 ml/L at 7 days and normal at 8 weeks after delivery. Close surveillance for 6 months. After 6 month follow-up, both mother and development of her baby are alright.
Conclusion: The diagnosis, management and monitoring of this condition will remain challenging because of its rarity. Though the general trend is to terminate pregnancy with coexistent mole in anticipation of complications, under close surveillance, optimal outcomes can be achieved.
Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(3): 249-253
Hypertonic Activity of Injection Solutions Can Cause Post-injection Complications (Review)
Authors: Urakov A. L. , Urakova N. A. , Shubina Z. V. , Lovtsova L. V. , Samorodov A. V. , Gurevich K. G. , Stolyarenko A. P. , Korunas V. I. , Lipatov D. O. , Muminov D. D.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. A review of the scientific literature showed that the current standards for assessing the quality of drugs does not include an assessment of the osmotic activity of drug solutions and their local irritant effect on tissues at the sites of subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. Therefore, currently injectable solutions considered to be of high quality may not have isotonic activity and high postinjection safety.

Text. A study of the concentration range of quality drug solutions ready for injection showed that the acceptable concentration value of the main ingredients is in the range of 0.01 to 76 %. Direct measurement with an osmometer of the osmotic activity of injection solutions, considered qualitative today, has shown that injection solutions can have hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic activity and their osmotic activity can be in the range of 0 – 3900 mosmol/l water. Study of acidic activity of drug solutions showed that in accordance with pharmacopoeial requirements of drug quality modern quality drug solutions ready for injection can have acidic, neutral or alkaline activity. Solutions with hypertonic activity have been found to have a local irritant effect. Moreover, an increase in hypertonic activity of drug solutions increases their local irritant effect. It has been found that excessively high hypertonic activity of drug solutions may be the cause of the development of a local postinjection complication known as "Nicolaou syndrome", the cause of which has remained unknown for a long time. Nicolaou syndrome includes local pain syndrome, aseptic inflammation, necrosis, and abscess.

Conclusion. The authors conducted a literature review, the results of which led to conclusions and assumptions. Solutions containing drugs in concentrations greater than 10 % may have the highest hypertonic activity, which can cause excessive dehydrating, local irritating and cauterizing effects. Therefore, injections of such drugs are most dangerous with the development of post-injection necroses and abscesses. That is why timely dilution of concentrated drug solutions with water by 2–10 times increases injection safety. It is proposed to include the assessment of osmotic activity and local irritant effect of drug solutions in the standard of drug quality control.
Development and Validation of the ELISA Method for Neutralizing Anti-trastuzumab Antibodies Detection in Human Blood Serum
Authors: Kolganova M. A. , Sagimbaeva O. S. , Borisova Ju. S. , Beketov E. E. , Shokhin I. E.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Trastuzumab is the first known anti-HER2 agent, which revolutionized the treatment of one of the most common cancer types – breast cancer. Despite trastuzumab being approved long time ago, further improvement of related analytical methods remains relevant primarily due to the emergence of new biosimilars. For instance, immunogenicity – adverse reaction which is usually associated with biological drugs, can still be relevant for trastuzumab. Anti-drug antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies, caused by trastuzumab therapy, can affect drug effectiveness and safety profile.

Aim. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the analytical method for neutralizing anti-trastuzumab antibodies determination in human blood serum.

Materials and methods. The neutralizing anti-trastuzumab antibody determination was carried out by the competitive ELISA method, using spectrophotometric detection in the visible range of the spectrum.

Results and discussion. The developed method was validated for cut-point, selectivity, sensitivity, specificity, precision and stability (short-term and long-term). To decrease the background noise from non-specific binding of sera components, the minimum required dilution value was determined at 0.5 % serum. The calculated value for cut-point was 14.62 %. The sensitivity of the developed method was estimated at 1985.2 ng/mL of neutralizing anti-trastuzumab antibodies.

Conclusion. The obtained results allowed us to apply the developed ELISA method for the neutralizing anti-trastuzumab antibodies determination in human blood serum during trastuzumab immunogenicity assessment in bioequivalence clinical trials.
Bioactive Xanthone C-glycoside Derivatives – QSAR Approach
Authors: Aksenova V. N. , Morozova M. A. , Syroeshkin A. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Xanthone glycosides have unique structures and properties. Many efforts focus on the search for C-glycoside derivatives of mangiferin with higher bioavailability. The application of the QSAR approach allows for the optimization of the search for novel xanthone derivatives with the desired characteristics.

Aim. Using available descriptors of chemical structure, physical-chemical properties, and biological activity, analyze a sample set of known homologs and analogs of mangiferin to QSAR prognosis bioactivity of new xanthone C-glycosides.

Materials and methods. 26 molecules of natural homologs and modified derivatives of mangiferin formed the analyzed sample set. Topological graphs of compounds were constructed using ChemicPen software. ChemicDescript software was used for the calculation of molecular descriptors, including the Balaban index. Physicochemical characteristics of molecules as well as Lipinski's rule criteria were calculated in Molinspiration. The spectrum of the most probable (Pa > 0.7) biological activity of the described compounds were predicted using Pass Online. The software Origin (OriginLab, USA) was used for the graphical representation of the results.

Results and discussion. Mangiferin and its natural homologs are the most hydrophilic compounds. The hydrolysis of the C-glycosidic bond, alkylation, acylation, and the introduction of an amino substituent radical into the mangiferin structure led to the increase of its lipophilic properties. The spectrum of the most probable biological activities of the described molecules: antitumor, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects. The results of ADMET modeling based on the substance-drug similarity criteria showed that only 4 compounds correspond to the rule of five. We proposed the validation model to predict bioactivity from lipophilicity and molecule structure described with Balaban index. The error of prediction obtained in a result of cross-validation turned out to be about less than 3 %.

Conclusion. A correlation between the structure and properties of the molecules discussed has been demonstrated. The obtained results can be used for further prediction of the properties of natural and synthetic xanthone C-glycosides and directed synthesis of new active compounds.
Application of Selenium Nanoparticles in Oncology (Review)
Authors: Dukhnovsky E. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Due to the rapid development of nanotechnology, selenium nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted much attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties for biomedical applications, in particular for the treatment of oncological diseases. The review considers the selenium nanoparticles, which are widely studied in the field of oncology.

Text. This review is devoted to the analysis of scientific literature on the anticancer activity of selenium nanoparticles against human cancer cell lines, as well as the application of these nanoparticles as a drug delivery system. Besides, the antitumor mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles against malignant neoplasms are discussed.

Conclusion. According to the results of literary data analysis, it was found that selenium nanoparticles exhibit a good antitumor effect against various human cancer cell lines. It is shown that the antitumor activity of selenium nanoparticles is mainly related to activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways of apoptosis leading to cancer cell death. Also, selenium nanoparticles are promising systems for delivery of various anticancer drugs, providing high efficiency, bioavailability of drugs in tumor cells and minimizing toxicity to healthy cells.
Penanganan Anak Tunalaras Ringan Melalui Metode Ejaan Dan Tracing The Dots
Authors: Wally Nyoman , Aprilya Umasangaji Nurul , Magfira Nurul , Tonra Wilda Syam
Published: May 2023

Anak tunalaras memiliki karakteristik yang kompleks dan seringkali ciri-ciri perilakunya juga dilakukan dilakukan oleh anak-anak sebaya lain. Orangtua dan guru pada umumnya menganggap perilaku tersebut wajar, hanya perlu untuk diberi label nakal dan memperingatkan teman-teman sebayanya untuk berhati-hati bahkan menjauhinya. Anak tunalaras juga memiliki hambatan belajar di sekolah misalnya membaca, anak tunalaras di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 46 Kota Ternate yang ditemui oleh tim peneliti memiliki hambatan belajar seperti membaca, menulis dan menghitung. Membaca (ejaan) merupakan salah satu keterampilan bagi anak dalam menyerap sebuah gagasan dan menuangannya kembali menjadi sebuah pengetahuan yang nyata. Anak tunalaras yang kesulitan menulis diterapkan teknik tracing the dots merupakan kegiatan perkembangan motorik halus dalam melatih kemampuan menulis, menggambar, menebalkan, menjiplak anak dengan meniru. Kata kunci: Anak tunalaras, Membaca, tracing the dots
Implementasi Pembiasaan Program 3M Anak Usia Dini 5-6 Tahun Pada Masa Pandemi Di PAUD Kemala Bhayangkari Kota Ternate
Authors: Taher Nadila M , Arfa Umikalsum , Samad Rita , Oktaviani Winda
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pembiasaan 3M (mencuci tangan, memakai masker, menjaga jarak) anak usia dini disalah satu sekolah PAUD di Ternate. Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 10 orang tua, 3 guru dan 10 siswa kelas B, tekhnik dalam pengumpulan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses penerapan pembiasaan dilakukan yaitu. 1) Pemberian teladan yaitu proses penerapan pembiasaan 3M (mencuci tangan, memakai masker, menjaga jarak) yang dilakukan sesuai dengan anjuran pemerintah dengan protokol kesehatan yang ditetapkan 2) kegiatan spontan yaitu yang dilakukan anak, terkait penerapan 3M anak merespon dan menerima dengan baik, mereka dengan cepat sekali menyesuaikan karena sudah dibiasakan orang tua dari rumah. 3) Kegiatan rutin terkait proses penerapan disekolah masih dilakukan sesuai protokol kesehatan dan anjuran pemerintah. Seperti memakai masker, mencuci tangan dan menjaga jarak hal ini sudah diterapkan disekolah sampai saat ini.
Hubungan Motivasi Dengan Tingkat Produktivitas Kerja Guru Di Gugus Ternate Tengah
Authors: Lukman Sarina , Wondal Rosita , Mahmud Nurhamsa
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan unutuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi dengan tingkat produktivitas kerja guru PAUD. Penelitian dapat dilaksanakan di Gugus Ternate Tengah terdapat tiga lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) yaitu; Pada PAUD Telkom, TK Kemalah Bhayangkari, dan TK Adhyaksa XXXV. Adapun penelitian dapat menggunakan pendekatan metode kuantitatif analisis statistik serta menggunakan uji korelasi pearson prouct moment dengan aplikasi SPSS versi 20. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 seorang guru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan uji statitik penelitian ini dapat menunjukan bahwa terdapat korelasi atau hubungann antara motivasi dengan tingkat produktivitas kerja guru PAUD (0,001<0,05) ini memiliki korelasi. Derajat hubungan dari dua variabel motivasi kerja guru dengan produktivitas kerja guru yaitu sedang dengan bentuk hubungan positif (0,591). Dengan demikian jika motivasi guru baik. Maka produktivitas kerja guru juga tinggi atau dikatakan baik.
UPAYA MENGEMBANGKAN KECERDASAN KINESTETIK PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL SUNDA MANDA
Authors: Wardoyo Anwardiani Iftaqul Janah , Nur Cahyati Ngaisah
Published: May 2023

Kecerdasan kinestetik menjadi bagian penting dalam proses perkembangan motorik anak melalui aktivitas gerak yang saling berkoordinasi dan dapat melatih anak dalam keterampilan, keseimbangan, kekuatan, kelenturan dan kelincahan. Rendahnya kecerdasan kinesterik dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti aktivitas gerak yang tidak optimal, sehingga membutuhkan kegiatan yang menarik anak untuk beraktivitas seperti bermain sunda manda yang menimbulkan beragam gerak bagi yang memainkannya. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian anak usia 5-7 tahun yang berjumlah lima anak. Penelitian dilakukan di daerah Klurak Baru, Bokoharjo, Prambanan, Sleman dengan menggunakan instrumen observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan kepada orang tua ataupun masyarakat sekitar. Teknik analisis menggunakan kondensasi data, penyajian hasil serta pembuatan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tehnik traingulasi. Temuan dalam penelitian ini bahwa kecerdasan kinesterik dalam permainan tradisional sunda manda dapat melatih gerak koordinasi yang rumit seperti kekuatan kaki saat melompat dengan satu kaki bersamaan dengan melempar dan menangkap gaco menggunakan tangan sambil berjalan berpindah tempat. Selain itu juga dapat melatih keseimbangan anak, kekuatan anggota tubuh, ketangkasan anak dan kelincahan anak dalam beraktivitas gerak. Maka dari itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa keserdasan kinesterik dapat dikembangkan melalui metode permainan tradisional sunda manda.
PARENTING PENDIDIKAN SEKS SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN SEXUAL ABUSE PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Audini Elma , Abu Yazid Adnan Quthny  , Ivonne Hafidlatil Kiromi
Published: May 2023

Beberapa tahun terakhir ini terlihat peningkatan insiden kekerasan seksual yang berhubungan dengan anak usia dini di indonesia. Dilansir dari metrotvnews.com (2022) Beralaskan data terbaru dari Kementrian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak selama tahun 2022 dimulai dari bulan januari 2022 hingga sampai bulan september 2022, terdapat kasus kekerasan atas jumlah sebanyak 15.759 korban perempuan selanjutnya korban laki-laki sebanyak 2.729 orang. Pendidikan seks masih menjadi hal yang dianggap tabu oleh mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia, mereka memandang mendidik anak tentang seksualitas sebagai halyang buruk karena mereka percaya bahwa pendidikan seks hanya terdiri dari melatih anak-anak hal yang negatif tanpa adanya komponen pendidikan. Dari banyaknya kasus sexual abuse pada anak usia dini yang semakin mencuat ke publik dan fenomena tersebut peneliti tertarik untuk melaksanakan pendalaman tentang seberapa pentingnya edukasi seks bagi anak usia dini melalui desain metode narasi kualitatif dengan melantaskan kajian literatur, dimana penulis mengkaji beraneka sumber data beserta informasi dari beragam sumber terkait dengan isu yang ditetapkan. Garis pertahanan pertama dan terpenting melawan pelecehanseksual terhadap anak-anak adalah orang tua mereka. Parenting adalah ikhtiar orang tua bersikap akan anaknya sebagaimana seharusnya orang tua. Penerapan Good Parenting Communication Skill, Gerakan parenting ini diperlukan karena orang tua harus memahami risiko dan mengetahui cara mencegah kekerasan seksual pada anak secara tanggap dan efektif. Edukasi seks untuk anak dengan pendekatan daily activity, saat belajar tentang seksualitas dengan aktivitas harian. Seperti potty training/toilet training, tidak memperlihatkan bagian tubuh pribadi, menyebutkan nama bagian tubuh pribadi dengan nama biologi yang benar dan lainsebagainya.
MULTIMODAL ASPECTS OF THE BANSKÁ BYSTRICA LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE
Authors: MOLNÁROVÁ EVA
Published: May 2023

The paper presents linguistic landscape (LL) research into the Banská Bystrica intra-urban space focused specifically on multimodality of the researched objects. The presented partial qualitative synchronous and diachronous analysis of the samples collected at Horná Street and the Námestie SNP Square in the city is a part of the larger project entitled APVV-18-0115 Language in the City – Documenting the Multimodal Semiosphere of Linguistic Landscapes in Slovakia and in a Comparative Perspective.
The Insertion of Semioccluded Vocal Tract Exercises in the Teaching and Practice of Vocal Technique - A systematic review and Case Study among Vocal Technique Teachers Residing in Brazil and Portugal
Authors: Carlos Gorges Jean
Published: May 2023

The literature related to the physiology of the singing voice has gained more and more space within the teaching and practice of singing both in relation to understanding of concepts related to this practice regarding the use of specific vocal exercises, among them, semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE).
Effect of Good Corporate Governance, Accounting Conservatism And Size of Company Earnings Management With Managerial Ownership As In Developing Countries Moderating Variables Asean (Indonesia, Malaysia And Thailand) Period 2015-2019
Authors: Andriani Andriani , Hamidah Hamidah , Wiralaga Harya Kuncara
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted on 40 manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange (Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand) for the 2015-2019 period. The research objective was to determine the effect of good corporate governance, accounting conservatism and firm size on earnings management with managerial ownership as a moderating variable.The results of this study indicate that good corporate governance has no significant effect on earnings management, accounting conservatism has a significant effect on earnings management, firm size has a significant effect on earnings management, managerial ownership cannot moderate between good corporate governance and earnings management, managerial ownership cannot moderate conservatism. Accounting for Earnings Management, Managerial Ownership can moderate the size of the company to earnings management in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Earnings management is a manager's effort in their financial statements where actions are taken by company management with the aim of increasing or decreasing the company's profits in the financial statements.
The Gospel beyond the West: The Sanneh–Walls Legacy and Emerging Conversation Partners in World Christianity Studies
Authors: Mugambi Kyama
Published: May 2023

The core disciplines within World Christianity studies derived from the legacy of Lamin Sanneh and Andrew Walls. Their extensive research and dedicated teaching from their historical and missiological roots provided a body of work upon which past and present World Christianity scholars continue to build. In their work, Walls and Sanneh modelled an openness to other perspectives which would provide insights into Christianity in the non-Western world. Though they operated from within their disciplines, the paradigm of translation that Walls and Sanneh championed consistently harboured the prospect of other disciplinary conversation partners. These aspects of the Walls and Sanneh legacy invite us to consider broader research frameworks to help make sense of Christian expansion in the non-Western world today. Though theology, missiology and history are vital disciplines, these in themselves are insufficient to investigate the wider spectrum of issues required to grasp current developments. This essay examines the research issues that World Christianity raises. Through the case study of African Pentecostalism, the essay demonstrates how multidisciplinary approaches might be used to address the questions. In this way, World Christianity studies can reliably draw from, and contribute to, other fields during its investigation of Christian faith as a global religion. This multidisciplinary approach to World Christianity studies also enables researchers to dignify the experience of those, previously marginal, expressions they study. In this way, researchers will carry forward the legacy received from the pioneers.
THE FACTORS EFFECT ACCOUNTING STUDENTS FOLLOWING JUNIOR CERTIFICATION TEST ACCOUNTANCY
Authors: Hairani Intan Fajri , Arnita Vina , Rizkina Miftha
Published: May 2023

This study aims to prove the factors (economic motivation, career motivation, self-competence motivation, and degree motivation) that influence accounting students to take the accounting junior certification test at the Accounting Study Program, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan. The type of data in this research process uses primary data where the data is obtained from several respondents virtually by using a questionnaire in the form of Google Forms (GForm). The population used in this study were all students of the Accounting Study Program, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan with a total sample of 150 students using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate: (1) Economic motivation (X1) does not have a significant effect partially on accounting students taking the Accounting Junior Certification Test. (2) Career Motivation (X2) has no partial significant effect on accounting students taking the Accounting Junior Certification Test. (3) Self-Competency Motivation (X3) has no partial significant effect on accounting students taking the Accounting Junior Certification Test. (4) Degree Motivation (X4) has a positive and significant effect on accounting students taking the Accounting Junior Certification Test. The square value obtained is 0.204, which means that the independent variables (Economic Motivation, Career Motivation, Self Competence Motivation and Degree Motivation) are able to explain the dependent variable (Taking the Accounting Junior Certification Test) of 20.4% while the remaining 79.6% is explained by factors or other variables not included in this study.
EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, URBAN POPULATION, TRADE OPENNESS ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN ASEAN-5
Authors: Widyawati Retno Febriyastuti , Hariani Ermatry , Ginting Andi Lopa , Mufida Zahrotu
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to influence economic growth, the urban population, and trade openness to carbon dioxide (CO2) in ASEAN 5. This study panel data from the years 2010 to 2018. The unit of analysis is ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Panel data multiple linear regression method, with the help of Software Eviews 9. The results of the study show, t test, that the variable of economic growth has a positive and insignificant effect on carbon dioxide gas emissions in ASEAN 5. The urban population variable has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide gas emissions in ASEAN 5. The variable trade openness has a positive and insignificant effect on carbon dioxide gas emissions in ASEAN 5. The results of the F test, all independent variables of economic growth, urban population, and trade openness have a simultaneous and significantly to the dependent variable, namely carbon dioxide gas emissions in ASEAN 5.
ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND PERCEIVED RISK ON THE USE OF E-WALLET AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN GORONTALO PROVINCE
Authors: Husain Sabrina Wardatul Jannah , Sunani Avi , Purba Arini A. , Atriani Dewi , Sampetoding , Eliyah A M
Published: May 2023

The use of the internet grows rapidly in Indonesia, and continuously provides innovations in using it. As a result, progress in the payment system in buying and selling has also changed. The use of E-Wallet in transactions is one of the evidences. This study discusses the ‘Perceived Ease of Use' and 'Perceived Risk' on the use of E-Wallet. This study used closed questionnaire as the primary data source and it was distributed via Google Form and filled out by 214 respondents. As for secondary data, this study used scientific journals as data analysis material. Further, the population was the community in Gorontalo Province, and the sample was the class of 2018-2021 college students in Gorontalo Province. The result of the study was more than half of students or respondents chose to agree and strongly agree in the ease of use and the security system owned by the E-Wallet system.
Exploring the Interaction between Vancomycin/Teicoplanin and Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tao Wen-Tao , Yu Qian , Li Ya-Li , Ge Mei , Zhao Yi-Lei , Shi Ting
Published: May 2023

The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread to over 100 countries, infected more than 47 million people and resulted in more than 1.2 million deaths worldwide until October. It is well known that, the SARS-CoV-2 starts an infection by binding its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of spike protein to human Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and strenuous efforts had been made to prevent the infection. However, no successful drugs or vaccines have appeared. Herein, molecular docking and molecular simulations were carried out to study the interaction between RBD and two glycopeptide antibiotics (Vancomycin and Teicoplanin). Key residues in binding pocket were highlighted and the binding free energies were calculated. Our results suggested that Vancomycin and Teicoplanin, as natural and accepted antibiotics, could block the interaction between RBD of spike protein and human ACE2 receptor, which might be developed to potential drugs against the SARS-CoV-2.
Acute myocardial infarction after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ou Weimei , Wang Bin , Zhang Guoming , Ding Licheng , Liu Zhixian , Wu Kaimin , Sun Guangfeng , Huang Chengmin , Li Zhaokai , Feng Shuyuan , Gao Rui
Published: May 2023

A number of vaccines have been developed and deployed globally to restrain the spreading of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The adverse effect following vaccination is an important consideration. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a kind of rare adverse event after COVID-19 vaccination. Herein, we present a case of an 83-year-old male who suffered cold sweat ten minutes after the first inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and AMI one day later. The emergency coronary angiography showed coronary thrombosis and underlying stenosis in his coronary artery. Type II Kounis syndrome might be a potential mechanism, which is manifested as coronary thrombosis secondary to allergic reactions in patients with underlying asymptomatic coronary heart disease. We also summarize the reported AMI cases post COVID-19 vaccination, as well as overview and discuss the proposed mechanisms of AMI after COVID-19 vaccination, thus providing insights for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of AMI following COVID-19 vaccination and potential underlying mechanisms.
Atrophy of the optic chiasm is associated with microvascular diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tarkkonen Aleksi , Claesson Tor-Björn , Eriksson Marika I. , Forsblom Carol , Thorn Lena M. , Summanen Paula , Groop Per-Henrik , Putaala Jukka , Gordin Daniel , Martola Juha
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic eye disease are well known complications of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that chronic hyperglycemia also damages the optic tract, which can be measured using routine magnetic resonance imaging. Our aim was to compare morphological differences in the optic tract between individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects. Associations between optic tract atrophy and metabolic measures, cerebrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications were further studied among individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We included 188 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy controls, all recruited as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. All participants underwent a clinical examination, biochemical work-up, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two different raters manually measured the optic tract.

Results

The coronal area of the optic chiasm was smaller among those with type 1 diabetes compared to non-diabetic controls (median area 24.7 [21.0-28.5] vs 30.0 [26.7-33.3] mm2, p<0.001). In participants with type 1 diabetes, a smaller chiasmatic area was associated with duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, and body mass index. Diabetic eye disease, kidney disease, neuropathy and the presence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in brain MRI were associated with smaller chiasmatic size (p<0.05 for all).

Conclusion

Individuals with type 1 diabetes had smaller optic chiasms than healthy controls, suggesting that diabetic neurodegenerative changes extend to the optic nerve tract. This hypothesis was further supported by the association of smaller chiasm with chronic hyperglycemia, duration of diabetes, diabetic microvascular complications, as well as and CMBs in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban green innovation efficiency in Northeast China
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Fan Decheng
Published: May 2023

In the strategic context of promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, green innovation, as the integration of the two development concepts of innovation-driven and green development, has become an essential means to promote sustainable and high-quality development in Northeast China. By constructing the Super-SBM model with undesired output and the Global Malmquist-Luenberger index model, the green innovation efficiency and green innovation total factor productivity of 34 prefecture-level cities in Northeast China from 2011 to 2020 are measured. Then the natural break point classification method, standard deviation ellipse and Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method are used to explore their spatial and temporal evolution characteristics. Based on the measured results of green innovation efficiency and green innovation total factor productivity in Northeast China, all the cities are classified into four types: high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low. The study results show that the green innovation efficiency (GIE) of cities in the northeast region shows an excellent upward trend, and the distribution pattern of “strong in the North and weak in the South” is more prominent. The green innovation total factor productivity shows a fluctuating decline, and technical efficiency and technological progress inhibit the improvement of green innovation efficiency. The centre of gravity of efficiency has generally migrated towards the southwest, green innovation efficiency among cities has gradually tended to develop in a balanced manner, and inter-provincial differences are the primary source of spatial differences in green innovation efficiency. The study concludes that the northeast region should continuously improve its green innovation resource allocation capacity, accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, clarify green innovation subjects, optimize the green innovation environment and formulate differentiated development strategies to promote the synergistic development of green innovation among cities.
Putting our money where our mouth is? The degree of women-centred family planning in the era of FP2020
Authors: Witt Alice , Montt-Maray Eloisa , Fall Marieme , Larson Elizabeth , Horanieh Nour
Published: May 2023

The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development was a landmark moment for the international family planning community, who committed to adopt a women-centred approach to programming—one that would prioritise the reproductive and contraceptive intentions, or autonomy, of individuals over population-level demographic concerns. The FP2020 partnership, established in 2012 and lasting until 2020, also described itself using women-centred language. However, throughout the period of FP2020, critics questioned the extent to which women-centred principles truly defined why family planning programmes were funded and how they were implemented. In this study, we use thematic discourse analysis to examine six major international donors' rationale(s) for funding family planning and the measurements they used to articulate successful programming. We present an overview of the rationales and measurements used by all six donors before offering four case studies to demonstrate divergences in their approaches. Our analysis demonstrates that, although donors described the importance of family planning for fostering women's autonomy and empowerment, they also justified family planning on the basis of demographic concerns. In addition, we identified a misalignment between how donors described family planning programmes—using the language of voluntarism and choice—and how they measured their success—through increased uptake and use of contraceptive methods. We call on the international family planning community to reflect on their true motives for funding and implementing family planning and engage in radically rethinking how they capture programme success, in order to better align their rhetoric with their practice.
Complex interplays between limpets and alien species in South Africa: multispecies interactions, zonation and size effects
Authors: Branch George M. , Steffani Nina , Pfaff Maya C. , Baliwe Ndiviwe G. , Zeeman Zannè
Published: May 2023

Integrating observations and experiments, we address the progressive effects of three alien species, the musselsMytilus galloprovincialisandSemimytilus patagonicus, and the barnacleBalanus glandula, on limpet species in South Africa. We describe four aspects: (1) Interactions among algae, the limpetScutellastra granularisandM. galloprovincialis. (2) The influences ofB. glandulaonS.granularisand on the periwinkleAfrolittorina knysnaensis. (3) Transformation of the zonation ofS. granularisby the successive arrival of these three aliens. (4) Assessment of how effective the published predictors of the effects ofM. galloprovincialishave been when applied toS. patagonicus. We conclude: (a)Scutellastra granularisimproves mussel survival and condition by regulating algae that would otherwise overgrow and smother the mussels. (b)Balanus glandulahas largely occupied the upper half of rocky shores, and at high densities depletes or eliminates suitable bare-rock habitat forS. granularis. However, it has positive effects on another gastropod,A. knysnaensis.(c)Mytilus galloprovincialisdominates the midshore and has positive effects on the recruitment ofS. granularis, but negatively influences adults of this limpet, so that its size composition, density, reproductive output and zonation are all altered by this mussel. (d)Semimytilus patagonicuspresents different challenges to those created byM. galloprovincialis, settling at much greater densities, lower down the shore, and reaching smaller maximum sizes. Rather than generating a favourable habitat for epizooticS. granularisrecruits and juveniles, it almost completely excludes that limpet. We conclude that the influences of alien species are not readily predictable, depending on the nature of the invader and recipient species, environmental conditions and complex interactions among species. Collectively, the three alien species now cover almost all zones on wave-exposed rocky shores, completing the ‘zonation squeeze’ on limpets, but are less influential on wave-sheltered shores and in years when recruitment is low.
The Association Between Etiologies and Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Linlin , Xi Xiuming , Zhou Jian-Xin ,   The China Critical Care Sepsis Trial (CCCST) Workgroup
Published: May 2023

Background: Lung-protective ventilation (LPV) strategies have been beneficial in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As a vital part of LPV, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can enhance oxygenation. However, randomized clinical trials of different PEEP strategies seem to show no advantages in clinical outcomes in patients with ARDS. A potential reason is that diverse etiologies and phenotypes in patients with ARDS may account for different PEEP responses, resulting in variations in mortality. We consider hospital mortality to be associated with a more specific classification of ARDS, such as sepsis induced or not, and pulmonary or extrapulmonary one. Our study aimed to compare clinical outcomes in various patients with ARDS by etiologies using the China Critical Care Sepsis Trial (CCCST) database. This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of 2,138 patients with ARDS in the CCCST database. According to ARDS induced by sepsis or not and medical history, patients were stratified into different four groups. Differences among groups were assessed in hospital mortality, ventilation-free days, and other clinical features.

Results: A total of 2,138 patients with ARDS were identified in the database, including 647 patients with sepsis-induced pulmonary ARDS (30.3%), 396 patients with sepsis-induced extrapulmonary ARDS (18.5%), 536 patients with non-sepsis pulmonary ARDS (25.1%), and 559 patients with non-sepsis extrapulmonary ARDS (26.1%). The pulmonary ARDS group had higher mortality compared with the extrapulmonary group (45.9 vs. 23.0%, p < 0.01), longer intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays (9 vs. 6 days, p < 0.01, 20 vs. 18 days, p = 0.01, respectively), and fewer ventilation-free days (5 vs. 9 days) in the presence of sepsis. However, the mortality in ARDS without sepsis was inverted compared with extrapulmonary ARDS (pulmonary 23.5% vs. extrapulmonary 29.2%, p = 0.04). After adjusting for the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and sequential organ failure assessment scores and other clinical features, the sepsis-induced pulmonary condition was still a risk factor for death in patients with ARDS (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% CI, 0.54–0.82, p < 0.01) compared with sepsis-induced extrapulmonary ARDS and other subphenotypes.

Conclusions: In the presence of sepsis, hospital mortality in pulmonary ARDS is higher compared with extrapulmonary ARDS; however, mortality is inverted in ARDS without sepsis. Sepsis-induced pulmonary ARDS should attract more attention from ICU physicians and be cautiously treated.

Trial registration: ChiCTR-ECH-13003934. Registered August 3, 2013, http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Plasma Exchange-Based Non-bioartificial Liver Support System Improves the Short-Term Outcomes of Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Yuan-yuan , Li Hai , Xu Bao-yan , Zheng Xin , Li Bei-ling , Wang Xian-bo , Huang Yan , Gao Yan-hang , Qian Zhi-ping , Liu Feng , Lu Xiao-bo , Shang Jia , Li Hai , Wang Shao-yang , Zhang Yin-hua , Meng Zhong-ji ,   Chinese Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF) Consortium
Published: May 2023

Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a complicated syndrome with extremely high short-term mortality. Whether plasma exchange (PE) improves HBV-ACLF outcomes remains controversial. Here, PE-based non-bioartificial liver support system (NB-ALSS) effects on short-term HBV-ACLF patient outcomes were investigated.

Materials and methods: HBV-ACLF patients from Chinese Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure (CATCH-LIFE) cohort receiving standard medical therapy (SMT) alone or PE-based NB-ALSS in addition to SMT were allocated to SMT and SMT+PE groups, respectively; propensity score matching (PSM) was used to eliminate confounding bias. Short-term (28/90-day and 1-year) survival rates were calculated (Kaplan-Meier).

Results: In total, 524 patients with HBV-ACLF were enrolled in this study; 358 received SMT alone (SMT group), and the remaining 166 received PE-based NB-ALSS in addition to SMT (SMT+PE group). PSM generated 166 pairs of cases. In the SMT+PE group, 28-day, 90-day, and 1-year survival rates were 11.90, 8.00, and 10.90%, respectively, higher than those in the SMT group. Subgroup analysis revealed that PE-based NB-ALSS had the best efficacy in patients with ACLF grade 2 or MELD scores of 30–40 (MELD grade 3). In MELD grade 3 patients who received SMT+PE, 28-day, 90-day, and 1-year survival rates were improved by 18.60, 14.20, and 20.10%, respectively. According to multivariate Cox regression analysis, PE-based NB-ALSS was the only independent protective factor for HBV-ACLF patient prognosis at 28 days, 90 days, and 1 year (28 days, HR = 0.516, p = 0.001; 90 days, HR = 0.663, p = 0.010; 1 year, HR = 0.610, p = 0.051). For those who received SMT+PE therapy, PE-based NB-ALSS therapy frequency was the only independent protective factor for short-term prognosis (28-day, HR = 0.597, p = 0.001; 90-day, HR = 0.772, p = 0.018).

Conclusions: This multicenter prospective study showed that the addition of PE-based NB-ALSS to SMT improves short-term (28/90 days and 1-year) outcomes in patients with HBV-ACLF, especially in MELD grade 3 patients. Optimization of PE-based NB-ALSS may improve prognosis or even save lives among HBV-ACLF patients.