bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The methyltransferase domain of DNMT1 is an essential domain in acute myeloid leukemia independent of DNMT3A mutation
Authors: Bhogal Balpreet , Weir Barbara A. , Crescenzo Ramona , Marien Ann , Kwon Min Chul , Philippar Ulrike , Cowley Glenn S.
Published: November 2022

Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are a prominent feature of cancer. Methylation of DNA is mediated by the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) protein family, which regulates de novo (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) and maintenance (DNMT1) methylation. Mutations in DNMT3A are observed in approximately 22% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that DNMT1 or DNMT3B could function as a synthetic lethal therapeutic strategy for DNMT3A-mutant AML. CRISPR-Cas9 tiling screens were performed to identify functional domains within DNMT1/DNMT3B that exhibited greater dependencies in DNMT3A mutant versus wild-type cell lines. Although increased sensitivity to DNMT1 mutation was observed in some DNMT3A mutant cellular models tested, the subtlety of these results prevents us from basing any conclusions on a synthetic lethal relationship between DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Our data suggests that a therapeutic window for DNMT1 methyltransferase inhibition in DNMT3A-driven AML may exist, but validation in more biologically relevant models is required.
The ability of Phaeobacter inhibens to produce tropodithietic acid influences the community dynamics of a microalgal microbiome
Authors: Henriksen Nathalie Nina Suhr Eiris , Schostag Morten Dencker , Balder Simone Rosen , Bech Pernille Kjersgaard , Strube Mikael Lenz , Sonnenschein Eva Christina , Gram Lone
Published: November 2022

Microbial secondary metabolites facilitate microbial interactions and are crucial for understanding the complexity of microbial community dynamics. The purpose of the present study was to determine how a secondary metabolite producing marine bacteria or its metabolite deficient mutant affected the microbiome of the marine microalgae Tetraselmis suecica during a 70 day long co-evolution experiment. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found that neither the tropodithietic acid (TDA)-producing Phaeobacter inhibens wildtype nor the TDA-deficient mutant had major impacts on the community composition. However, a subset of strains, displayed temporally different relative abundance trajectories depending on the presence of P. inhibens. In particular, a Winogradskyella strain displayed temporal higher relative abundance when the TDA-producing wildtype was present. Numbers of the TDA-producing wildtype were reduced significantly more than those of the mutant over time indicating that TDA production was not an advantage. In communities without the P. inhibens wildtype strain, an indigenous population of Phaeobacter increased over time, indicating that indigenous Phaeobacter populations cannot co-exist with the TDA-producing wildtype. Despite that TDA was not detected chemically, we detected transcripts of the tdaC gene indicating that TDA could be produced in the microbial community associated with the algae. Our work highlights the importance of deciphering longitudinal strain dynamics when addressing the ecological effect of secondary metabolites in a relevant natural community.
Stabilization of ammonium borohydride in solid solutions of NH4BH4–MBH4 (M = K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Grinderslev Jakob B. , Jensen Torben R.
Published: November 2022

Ammonium borohydride, an extremely hydrogen rich material, is stabilized in solid solutions with alkali metal borohydrides, NH4BH4–MBH4 (M = K, Rb, Cs). Here we report the synthesis, crystal structures and thermal behaviors of these solid solutions.
Correction: A hybrid GaN/Ga2O3 structure anchored on carbon cloth as a high-performance electrode of supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Yan-Ling , Wang Zihan , Yuan Ronghuo , Xu Zhihan , Dai Yan , Wang Bing , Fu Yao , Ye Meidan , Yang Yun , Zou Zhimin , Jiang Chunhai
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘A hybrid GaN/Ga2O3 structure anchored on carbon cloth as a high-performance electrode of supercapacitors’ by Yan-Ling Hu, et al., Dalton Trans., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dt02904a.
Whole grain benefit: synergistic effect of oat phenolic compounds and β-glucan on hyperlipidemiaviagut microbiota in high-fat-diet mice
Authors: Li Ying , Qin Chuan , Dong Lezhen , Zhang Xin , Wu Zufang , Liu Lingyi , Yang Junsi , Liu Lianliang
Published: November 2022

OPC + OBG exhibited a synergetic effect on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and liver lipid deposition. The composition regulated the gut microbiota community structure and increased the gut microbiota diversity.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant promotes intestinal mucin production through regulating 5-HT4R and gut microbiota
Authors: Gu Yu , Qin Xiali , Zhou Guoqiong , Wang Chen , Mu Chenlu , Liu Xiang , Zhong Weilong , Xu Xin , Wang Bangmao , Jiang Kui , Liu Jinghua , Cao Hailong
Published: November 2022

LGGs promoted intestinal MUC2 production through regulating S100A10/5-HT4R and the gut microbiota.
Sugar-decorated carbon dots: a novel tool for targeting immunomodulatory receptors
Authors: Cooper Oren , Waespy Mario , Chen Dechao , Kelm Sørge , Li Qin , Haselhorst Thomas , Tiralongo Joe
Published: November 2022

Interactions between sialic acid (Sia) and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) regulate the immune system, with aberrations contributing to pathologies such as autoimmunity, infectious disease and cancer.
Rhodium catalysed intramolecular benzannulation for the formation of tetracyclic carbazoles
Authors: Kumar Y Bharath Chaithanya , Samatha Polasani , Mainkar Prathama S. , Adepu Raju
Published: November 2022

A series of fused tetracyclic carbazole scaffolds have been developed using a rhodium catalyzed alkyne-tethered intramolecular annulation strategy.
Adjusting the water-sensitivity of sugar/boronate-based organogels
Authors: Ludwig Andreas D. , Ourvois-Maloisel Noémie , Saint-Jalmes Arnaud , Artzner Franck , Guégan Jean-Paul , Tasseau Olivier , Berrée Fabienne , Lemiègre Loïc
Published: November 2022

The water-sensitivity of (arylboronate alkylglucoside)-based organogels was investigated from a series of twelve potential organogelators.
Correction: Molecular dyads with non-fused electron acceptor backbones for single-component organic solar cells
Authors: Wei Wang , Gao Yuan , Wu Yao , Yang Xinrong , Chen Zhihao , Chen Zeng , Wang Tao , Sun Rui , Wu Qiang , Hao Xiaotao , Zhu Haiming , Ponomarenko Sergey , Luponosov Yuriy , Min Jie
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Molecular dyads with non-fused electron acceptor backbones for single-component organic solar cells’ by Wang Wei et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 18753–18761, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA04310F.
The Myth of Women's Advantage in Using Child-Directed Speech: Evidence of Women Versus Men in Single-Sex–Parent Families
Authors: Grinberg Dana , Levin-Asher Bonnie , Segal Osnat
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Differences between child-directed speech (CDS) by women and men are generally explained by either biological-evolutionary or gender-social theories. It is difficult to tease these two explanations apart for different-sex–parent families because women are usually also the main caregivers. Thus, this study aims to examine the influence of parental sex on CDS by investigating men and women who are in same-sex–parent families.

Method:

Twenty same-sex–parent families participated in the study—10 families in which the parents were two men and 10 families in which the parents were two women. The families were matched for toddler age (range: 9–24 months) and sex. CDS was recorded using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) device for 16 hr during a day. Each parent was also audio-recorded during a 30-min play session with his or her child.

Results:

No difference was found between men and women across all the LENA measures, namely, adult word count, conversational turns count, and child vocalization count. The analysis of speech samples during parent–child play showed no difference between men and women in mean length of utterance and number of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Pragmatic speech acts of initiations, responses to infants' actions, or vocalizations were similar in both sexes. Women used more “teaching” utterances than men, and men who were main caregivers used more “teaching” utterances than men who were secondary caregivers. Across both sexes, secondary caregivers used more “requests for actions” compared to main caregivers.

Conclusions:

The present findings support a functional–social approach and not a biological approach for explaining the use of CDS by men and women. These findings have clinical implications on the involvement of men in early intervention programs.
Online Comprehension of Verbal Number Morphology in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Christou Spyros , Coloma Carmen Julia , Andreu Llorenç , Guerra Ernesto , Araya Claudia , Rodriguez-Ferreiro Javier , Sanz-Torrent Mónica
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Previous studies have raised the possibility of preserved language comprehension in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) in online tasks and within simple sentence structures. Consequently, we evaluated the capacity of children with DLD to comprehend verbal number agreement in simple sentence structures (i.e., verb–object–subject and verb–subject).

Method:

Using an eye-tracking methodology, we conducted two psycholinguistic experiments with 96 Spanish- and Catalan-speaking participants. The sample was distributed into four groups: 24 children with DLD (age range: 4;6–12;6 [years;months]; average age = 7;8 [years;months]), 24 children with the same chronological age (4;6–12;2, 7;8), 24 children with the same linguistic level (4;6–9;4, 6;8), and 24 university students as language experts (18–30, 22;5).

Results:

The experimental data indicate that children with DLD can comprehend verbal number agreement at least under the present experimental conditions.

Conclusion:

The empirical outcomes suggest that number morphology comprehension by children with DLD might be more typical than what it is generally considered to be.
Auf dem Weg zur ökologisch nachhaltigen Praxis – Planetary Health
Authors: Schewe Inga , Stulz Elena
Published: November 2022

Circa fünf Prozent der Treibhausgasemissionen werden in Deutschland vom Gesundheitssektor verursacht. Somit nimmt die Ergotherapie Einfluss auf die Klimakrise und die planetare Gesundheit. Eine Praxis berichtet von ihren Bemühungen, den eigenen ökologischen Fußabdruck zu minimieren.
Spielerisches Beurteilen der Handfunktion – Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI)
Authors: Kurth Salome , Pfann Renate
Published: November 2022

Das Hand Assessment for Infants untersucht die ziel-gerichteten Funktionen beider Hände bei Babys im Alter von 3–12 Monaten, wenn sie klinische Anzeichen einer Asymmetrie der oberen Extremitäten aufweisen. Ziel ist es, das Risiko zu minimieren, eine unilaterale armbetonte zerebrale Bewegungsstörung zu übersehen.
Abseits der Norm – Betätigungsentwicklung
Authors: Völler Stefanie , Junkers Anja , Hiebl Sarah
Published: November 2022

Kinder werden in der Schule im Allgemeinen mit Noten bewertet. Dabei steht im Vordergrund, dass sie die erwarteten, normbasierten Leistungen erbringen. Jane Davis und Helene Polatajko stellen in ihrem Interactional Model of Occupational Development die Betätigungsentwicklung von Kindern in den Mittelpunkt der ergotherapeutischen Intervention. Damit eröffnen sie eine neue Perspektive.
Predictors and Complications of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak after Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery: A Single Institution Retrospective Review
Authors: Laing Brandon , Best Benjamin , Aaronson Daniel , Harrison Gillian , Zwagerman Nathan
Published: November 2022

Background The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is a commonly used technique for resection of sellar, suprasellar, and anterior fossa masses. One of the most troublesome complications of this technique is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. In this study, we evaluate the risk factors and consequences of CSF leak on surgical outcomes.

Methods The current study is a retrospective single-institution cohort study evaluating patients who underwent EEA for sellar and/or suprasellar masses from July 2017 to March of 2020. Risk factors for intraoperative and postoperative CSF leak were evaluated, including sellar defect size, tumor volume and pathology, age, body mass index, prior endoscopic endonasal surgery, lumbar drain placement, nasoseptal and mucosal graft use, year of surgery, and cavernous sinus invasion. Postoperative infection, perioperative antibiotic use, and length of stay were also evaluated.

Results Our study included 175 patients. Sellar defect size (p = 0.015) and intraoperative CSF leak (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative CSF leak. Patients with nasoseptal flaps were more likely to have a postoperative CSF leak than those with free mucosal grafts (p = 0.025). Intraoperative CSF leak, Cushing's disease, and lumbar drain placement were associated with an increased length of stay.

Conclusion Sellar defect size, intraoperative CSF leak, and nasoseptal flap use were associated with an increased risk of postoperative CSF leak. Intraoperative CSF leak, Cushing's disease, and lumbar drain placement are all associated with an increased length of stay.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Fan Wen-Jie , Ding Hao , Chen Xiang-Xun , Yang Lin
Published: November 2022

Background This study aimed to screen potential key genes associated with lipid metabolism and to evaluate their expressions and prognosis values in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods Data sets GSE6764, GSE14520, and GSE112790 were used to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database. Hub genes in PPI network were identified and subjected to functional enrichment analysis to screen lipid metabolism-related genes. The expressions of selected genes and their associations with prognosis were analyzed using UALCAN, The Human Protein Atlas, and Kaplan–Meier plotter databases. The transcriptional factor (TF)-gene regulatory network was constructed using NetworkAnalyst.

Results A total of 331 common DEGs including 106 upregulated and 225 downregulated genes were identified. PPI network analysis showed that 76 genes with high degrees were identified as hub genes, among which 14 genes were lipid metabolism-related genes. PON1, CYP2C9, and SPP1 were found to be the independent prognostic markers. Key TFs with close interactions with these prognostic genes, including HINFP, SRF, YY1, and NR3C1, were identified from the TF-gene regulatory network.

Conclusion This study presented evidence for the prognostic capabilities of lipid metabolism-related genes in HCC, and newly identified HINFP and NR3C1 as potential biomarkers for HCC.
Bio-compatible piezoelectric material based wearable pressure sensor for smart textiles
Authors: J Abanah Shirley , S Esther Florence , B S Sreeja , Sankararajan Radha
Published: November 2022

With the rapid advancement of flexible wearable technology, bio-compatible textile piezoelectric pressure sensors are a promising candidates for next-generation sensing platforms to monitor human health. Smart textiles can be easily incorporated into our daily wear clothing in a breathable and conformable manner. In this study, a novel structural hierarchy consisting of a piezoelectric composite film Glycine–Chitosan (GC) sandwiched between two Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods patterned conductive textile electrodes was developed. A low temperature hydrothermal method was used to grow ZnO nanorods directly on the conductive fabric, and a simple solvent casting technique was employed to form a GC film. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses were performed to investigate the growth of the bio-compatible piezoelectric materials. Under periodic deformation, the fabricated sensor exhibited a good piezoelectric response over a wide range of sensing pressures. The use of non-toxic, bio-compatible piezoelectric materials in the development of textile pressure sensors paves the way for the development of eco-friendly wearables.
Magnetocaloric properties of phenolic resin bonded La(Fe,Si)13-based plates and its use in a hybrid magnetic refrigerator
Authors: Xu Shao-Shan , Fu Qi , Zhou Yi-Fan , Peng Ling , Gao Xin-Qiang , Li Zhen-Xing , Gong Mao-Qiong , Dong Xue-Qiang , Shen Jun
Published: November 2022

We present a simple hot press-based method for processing La(Fe,Si)13-based compounds consisting of La–Fe–Co–Si–C particles and phenolic resin. The magnetic entropy change ΔS per unit mass for the LaFe10.87Co0.63Si1.5C0.2/phenolic resin compounds have nearly the same magnitude with the base materials. With the content of phenolic resin of 5.0 wt%, the compound conductivity is 3.13 W⋅m−1⋅K−1. In order to measure the cooling performance of La(Fe,Si)13-based compounds, the La(Fe11.6–x
Co
x
)Si1.4C0.15 (x = 0.60, 0.65, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85)/phenolic resin compounds were pressed into thin plates and tested in a hybrid refrigerator that combines the active magnetic refrigeration effect with the Stirling cycle refrigeration effect. The test results showed that a maximum cooling power of 41 W was achieved over a temperature span of 30 K.
Reconfigurable source illusion device for airborne sound using an enclosed adjustable piezoelectric metasurface
Authors: Tang Yi-Fan , Lin Shu-Yu
Published: November 2022

Source illusion is an important issue in acoustic fields that has significant applications in various practical scenarios. Recent progress in acoustic metasurfaces has broken the limitation of manipulating large-scale waves at subwavelength scales and enables a better illusion capability, while there is still a problem that most previous studies are hampered by a lack of tuning capability. Here we propose a reconfigurable source illusion device capable of providing azimuthally-dependent phase delay in real-time via changing the static voltage distribution. The resulting device is implemented by employing an adjustable piezoelectric metasurface with a subwavelength thickness that can achieve a full 2π-phase shift while maintaining efficient transmittance. The effectiveness of our mechanism is demonstrated via two distinctive source illusion phenomena of shifting and transforming a simple point source without changing the device geometry. We anticipate that our methodology, which does not require a large device size or a complicated phased array, will open up new avenues for the miniaturization and integration of source illusion devices and may promote their on-chip applications in a variety of fields, such as acoustic camouflage and manipulation precision.
High repetition granular Co/Pt multilayers with improved perpendicular remanent magnetization for high-density magnetic recording
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Kun , Du Ao , Zhang Hongchao , Chen Weibin , Xu Ning , Hao Runrun , Yan Shishen , Zhao Weisheng , Leng Qunwen
Published: November 2022

Thanks to the strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), excellent processing compatibility as well as novel spintronic phenomenon, Co/Pt multilayers have been attracting massive attention and widely used in magnetic storage. However, reversed magnetic domains come into being with the increasing layer repetition ‘N’ to reduce magneto-static energy, resulting in the remarkable diminishment of the remanent magnetization (M
r). As a result, the product of M
r and thickness (i.e., the remanent moment-thickness product, M
r
t), a key parameter in magnetic recording for reliable data storing and reading, also decreases dramatically. To overcome this issue, we deposit an ultra-thick granular [Co/Pt]80 multilayer with a total thickness of 68 nm on granular SiN
x
buffer layer. The M
r
t value, M
r to saturation magnetization (M
s) ratio as well as out of plane (OOP) coercivity (H
coop) are high up to 2.97 memu/cm2, 67%, and 1940 Oe (1 Oe = 79.5775 A⋅m−1), respectively, which is remarkably improved compared with that of continuous [Co/Pt]80 multilayers. That is because large amounts of grain boundaries in the granular multilayers can efficiently impede the propagation and expansion of reversed magnetic domains, which is verified by experimental investigations and micromagnetic simulation results. The simulation results also indicate that the value of M
r
t, M
r/M
s ratio, and H
coop can be further improved through optimizing the granule size, which can be experimentally realized by manipulating the process parameter of SiN
x
buffer layer. This work provides an alternative solution for achieving high M
r
t value in ultra-thick Co/Pt multilayers, which is of unneglectable potential in applications of high-density magnetic recording.
Synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate bone cement with quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles
Authors: Kiakojoori Kiana , Najafi Farhood , Torshabi Maryam , Kazemi Sohrab , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood , Nojehdehian Hanieh
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to describe the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with polyetheretherketone/poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PEEK/PLGA) micro-particles containing quercetin. CPC powder was synthesized by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrate and tetracalcium phosphate. To synthesize PEEK/PLGA microparticles, PLGA85:15 was mixed with 90 wt% PEEK. The weight ratio of quercetin/PLGA/PEEK was 1:9:90 wt%. PEEK/PLGA/quercetin microparticles with 3, 5, and 6 wt% was added to CPC. The setting time, compressive strength, drug release profile, solubility, pH, and porosity of synthesized cement were evaluated. The morphology and physicochemical properties of particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay using dental pulp stem cells. Expression of osteoblastic differentiation genes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05). The setting time of 3 wt% CPC was significantly longer than 5 and 6 wt% CPC (P < 0.001). The 6 wt% CPC had significantly higher compressive strength than other groups (P = 0.001). The release of quercetin from CPCs increased for 5 d, and then reached a plateau. XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in cement composition. Significantly higher expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) was noted in 3 wt% and 6 wt% CPCs. Addition of quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles to CPC enhanced its compressive strength, decreased its setting time, enabled controlled drug release, and up-regulated OPN and OCN.
The continuation method and the real analyticity of the accessory parameters: the parabolic case
Authors: Menotti Pietro
Published: November 2022

We give the proof of the real analyticity of the accessory parameters in Liouville field theory as a function of the position of the sources in the case in which in addition to elliptic sources, parabolic sources are present. The method is a non trivial extension of the elliptic case as it requires in an intermediate step the introduction of a regulator. The treatment holds also in the case of the torus. A discussion is given of the extension to higher genus surfaces.
Breaking Research Silos and Stimulating “Innovation at the Edges” in Epidemiology
Authors: Shmuel Shahar , Leonard Charles E , Bykov Katsiaryna , Filion Kristian B , Seamans Marissa J , Lund Jennifer L
Published: November 2022

Epidemiological training often requires specialization in a subdiscipline (e.g., pharmacoepidemiology, genetic epidemiology, social epidemiology, or infectious disease epidemiology). While specialization is necessary and beneficial, it comes at the cost of decreased awareness of scientific developments in other subdisciplines of epidemiology. In this commentary, we argue for the importance of promoting an exchange of ideas across seemingly disparate epidemiologic subdisciplines. Such an exchange can lead to invaluable opportunities to learn from and merge knowledge across subdisciplines. It can promote “innovation at the edges,” a process of borrowing and transforming methods from one subdiscipline in order to develop something new and advance another subdiscipline. Further, we outline specific actionable steps at the researcher, institution, and professional society level that can promote such innovation.
ACP_MS: prediction of anticancer peptides based on feature extraction
Authors: Zhou Caimao , Peng Dejun , Liao Bo , Jia Ranran , Wu Fangxiang
Published: November 2022

Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are bioactive peptides with antitumor activity and have become the most promising drugs in the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the accurate prediction of ACPs is of great significance to the research of cancer diseases. In the paper, we developed a more efficient prediction model called ACP_MS. Firstly, the monoMonoKGap method is used to extract the characteristic of anticancer peptide sequences and form the digital features. Then, the AdaBoost model is used to select the most discriminating features from the digital features. Finally, a stochastic gradient descent algorithm is introduced to identify anticancer peptide sequences. We adopt 7-fold cross-validation and independent test set validation, and the final accuracy of the main dataset reached 92.653% and 91.597%, respectively. The accuracy of the alternate dataset reached 98.678% and 98.317%, respectively. Compared with other advanced prediction models, the ACP_MS model improves the identification ability of anticancer peptide sequences. The data of this model can be downloaded from the public website for free https://github.com/Zhoucaimao1998/Zc
A leader cell triggers end of lag phase in populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Ardré Maxime , Doulcier Guilhem , Brenner Naama , Rainey Paul B
Published: November 2022

The relationship between the number of cells colonizing a new environment and time for resumption of growth is a subject of long-standing interest. In microbiology this is known as the “inoculum effect.” Its mechanistic basis is unclear with possible explanations ranging from the independent actions of individual cells, to collective actions of populations of cells. Here, we use a millifluidic droplet device in which the growth dynamics of hundreds of populations founded by controlled numbers of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells, ranging from a single cell, to one thousand cells, were followed in real time. Our data show that lag phase decreases with inoculum size. The decrease of average lag time and its variance across droplets, as well as lag time distribution shapes, follow predictions of extreme value theory, where the inoculum lag time is determined by the minimum value sampled from the single-cell distribution. Our experimental results show that exit from lag phase depends on strong interactions among cells, consistent with a “leader cell” triggering end of lag phase for the entire population.
Estimation of vaccine effectiveness using the screening method
Authors: Farrington C P
Published: November 2022

The screening method provides a simple and rapid way of estimating vaccine effectiveness. This paper discusses the validity of the screening method with particular reference to bias and precision. Methods for correcting confounding, adjusting for covariates and over-dispersion, and deriving confidence limits are discussed in a modelling framework. The methods are illustrated using data on measles and pertussis vaccines.
‘No Japan’: explaining motivations behind nationalist boycotts in South Korea
Authors: Ko Jiyoung , Kim Sung Mi
Published: November 2022

When Japan in 2019 removed South Korea from its whitelist of most trusted trading partners, South Koreans responded by organizing mass nationalist boycotts against Japanese goods. What affects South Korean citizens’ willingness to participate in this nationalist movement? In this article, we offer a systematic investigation of individuals’ motivations behind their boycott participation along the two dimensions of nationalist boycotts – boycotts as a collective choice and boycotts as an emotional reaction – as well as the historical patterns of South Korean nationalist boycotts against Japan. From original survey data collected in South Korea, we find that citizens’ baseline nationalism is an important moderating factor. For those who have strong nationalistic sentiments against Japan, both collective action and emotional primes have only a marginal impact. However, for those who have relatively low baseline nationalism against Japan, an expectation of mass participation plays a critical role in boosting their desire for boycott participation.
Allele-specific Expression Reveals Multiple Paths to Highland Adaptation in Maize
Authors: Hu Haixiao , Crow Taylor , Nojoomi Saghi , Schulz Aimee J , Estévez-Palmas Juan M , Hufford Matthew B , Flint-Garcia Sherry , Sawers Ruairidh , Rellán-Álvarez Rubén , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Runcie Daniel E
Published: November 2022

Maize is a staple food of smallholder farmers living in highland regions up to 4,000 m above sea level worldwide. Mexican and South American highlands are two major highland maize growing regions, and population genetic data suggest the maize's adaptation to these regions occurred largely independently, providing a case study for convergent evolution. To better understand the mechanistic basis of highland adaptation, we crossed maize landraces from 108 highland and lowland sites of Mexico and South America with the inbred line B73 to produce F1 hybrids and grew them in both highland and lowland sites in Mexico. We identified thousands of genes with divergent expression between highland and lowland populations. Hundreds of these genes show patterns of convergent evolution between Mexico and South America. To dissect the genetic architecture of the divergent gene expression, we developed a novel allele–specific expression analysis pipeline to detect genes with divergent functional cis-regulatory variation between highland and lowland populations. We identified hundreds of genes with divergent cis-regulation between highland and lowland landrace alleles, with 20 in common between regions, further suggesting convergence in the genes underlying highland adaptation. Further analyses suggest multiple mechanisms contribute to this convergence in gene regulation. Although the vast majority of evolutionary changes associated with highland adaptation were region specific, our findings highlight an important role for convergence at the gene expression and gene regulation levels as well.
Ferroelectric hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites and their structural and functional diversity
Authors: Zhang Tie , Xu Ke , Li Jie , He Lei , Fu Da-Wei , Ye Qiong , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: November 2022

Molecular ferroelectrics have gradually aroused great interest in both fundamental scientific research and technological applications because of their easy processing, light weight and mechanical flexibility. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite ferroelectrics (HOIPFs), as a class of molecule-based ferroelectrics, have diverse functionalities owing to their unique structure and have become a hot spot in molecular ferroelectrics research. Therefore, they are extremely attractive in the field of ferroelectrics. However, there seems to be a lack of systematic review of their design, performance and potential applications. Herein, we review the recent development of HOIPFs from lead-based, lead-free and metal-free perovskites, and outline the versatility of these ferroelectrics, including piezoelectricity for mechanical energy-harvesting and optoelectronic properties for photovoltaics and light detection. Furthermore, a perspective view of the challenges and future directions of HOIPFs is also highlighted.
Social Network Analysis of Ebola Virus Disease During the 2014 Outbreak in Sukudu, Sierra Leone
Authors: Hazel Ashley , Davidson Michelle C , Rogers Abu , Barrie M Bailor , Freeman Adams , Mbayoh Mohamed , Kamara Mohamed , Blumberg Seth , Lietman Thomas M , Rutherford George W , Jones James Holland , Porco Travis C , Richardson Eugene T , Kelly J Daniel
Published: November 2022

Background

Transmission by unreported cases has been proposed as a reason for the 2013–2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic decline in West Africa, but studies that test this hypothesis are lacking. We examined a transmission chain within social networks in Sukudu village to assess spread and transmission burnout.

Methods

Network data were collected in 2 phases: (1) serological and contact information from Ebola cases (n = 48, including unreported); and (2) interviews (n = 148), including Ebola survivors (n = 13), to identify key social interactions. Social links to the transmission chain were used to calculate cumulative incidence proportion as the number of EBOV-infected people in the network divided by total network size.

Results

The sample included 148 participants and 1522 contacts, comprising 10 social networks: 3 had strong links (>50% of cases) to the transmission chain: household sharing (largely kinship), leisure time, and talking about important things (both largely non-kin). Overall cumulative incidence for these networks was 37 of 311 (12%). Unreported cases did not have higher network centrality than reported cases.

Conclusions

Although this study did not find evidence that explained epidemic decline in Sukudu, it excluded potential reasons (eg, unreported cases, herd immunity) and identified 3 social interactions in EBOV transmission.
Effectiveness of Quinolone Prophylaxis in Pediatric Acute Leukemia and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Leardini Davide , Muratore Edoardo , Abram Nicoletta , Baccelli Francesco , Belotti Tamara , Prete Arcangelo , Gori Davide , Masetti Riccardo
Published: November 2022

The effectiveness of quinolone prophylaxis in high-risk hematological pediatric patients is controversial. A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, including studies that involved children and young adults undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) who received quinolone prophylaxis compared with no prophylaxis. A meta-analysis was performed on bloodstream infections and neutropenic fever. Data regarding the impact of prophylaxis on overall survival, antibiotic exposure, antibiotic-related adverse effects, antibiotic resistance, Clostridium difficile infections, fungal infections, length of hospitalization, and costs were reviewed in the descriptive analysis. Sixteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 10 of them met the criteria for quantitative analysis. Quinolone prophylaxis was effective in reducing the rate of bloodstream infections and neutropenic fever in pediatric acute leukemia compared with no prophylaxis, but it had no significant effect in HSCT recipients. Prophylaxis was associated with a higher rate of bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones and higher antibiotic exposure.
Lung Abnormalities in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: An Analysis of Paired Computed Tomography Scans Before and After Infection
Authors: Iversen Katrine K , Ronit Andreas , Kristensen Thomas S , Afzal Shoaib , Jankovic Jelena , Kalhauge Anna , Ahlström Magnus G , Nordestgaard Børge G , Kofoed Klaus F , Benfield Thomas
Published: November 2022

Background

Studies on the pulmonary consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are impeded by limited access to pre–SARS-CoV-2 examinations.

Methods

We invited Copenhagen General Population Study participants with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test during the first and second coronavirus disease 2019 waves in Denmark for a repeat chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Paired CT scans were independently assessed for interstitial and noninterstitial abnormalities by 2 trained radiologists. A semiquantitative CT score (ranging from 0 to 20) was used to quantify the extent of interstitial abnormalities.

Results

Of 111 SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals, 102 (91.2%) experienced symptoms and 12 (11.2%) were hospitalized. Follow-up examination was performed at median of 5.4 (interquartile range, 4.1–7.8) months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Of 67 individuals with paired CT scans, ground glass opacities and reticulation were present in 31 (46.3%) individuals post–SARS-CoV-2 compared to 23 (34.1%) pre–SARS-CoV-2 (mean CT score, 3.0 vs 1.3; P = .011). Results were similar for nonhospitalized individuals. We did not detect development of bronchiectasis, emphysema, or nodules.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 infection in predominantly nonhospitalized individuals with mild disease was associated with a small increase in only interstitial lung abnormalities.
Open Source as Philosophy, Methodology, and Commerce
Authors: Walden Ian
Published: November 2022

This chapter is an overview on open source and its relationship to law. First, the chapter introduces the subject matter — open source software (‘OSS’) — the environment, and many of the themes that are examined and analysed throughout this book. The free and open source movement subverts traditional industry models by providing access to the original source code for the user. Such access enables further development of the software, amending the existing code or writing new lines of code, for personal or public benefit. In light of this, the relationship between copyright law and open source is scrutinised; mapping areas of common cause and tension, as well as areas of legal uncertainty, from both a theoretical and practice perspective. Finally, the chapter studies how private law arrangements can be used to achieve outcomes that diverge from that intended for the applicable public law regime.
Copyright, Contract, and Licensing in Open Source
Authors: Smith P McCoy
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores how questions about how software copyright should be analysed legally, or how certain aspects of free and open source software licences would be found to operate, if put to the test via court or other challenges. It traces the history of copyright and open source software and considers in particular the author’s rights in software copyright. Additionally, the chapter outlines exceptions to the author’s rights in software copyright. It then explores derivative works in software and discusses various types of open source licenses. Next, software interaction and license compatibility are considered. Finally, this chapter focuses on the differences between ‘free’ and ‘open source’ licenses.
Transforming the Supply Chain with Openchain Iso 5230
Authors: Coughlan Shane
Published: November 2022

This chapter concerns OpenChain ISO 5230. OpenChain ISO 5230 increases open source compliance in the supply chain. This issue, which may be incorrectly characterised as solely a legal concern or as low priority from a business perspective, is inherently tied to ensuring that open source is as useful as possible with as little friction as possible. In a nutshell, because open source is about the use of third party code, compliance is the nexus of where equality of access, safety of use, and reduction of risk can be found. OpenChain ISO 5230 is thus built to increase trust between organisations to accomplish this.
Open Source Software in Standard Setting
Authors: Blind Knut , Böhm, Mirko , Thumm Nikolaus
Published: November 2022

This chapter considers the intersection of open source software and FRAND (‘Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory’) licensing and its integration into the process of standard setting. FRAND commitments aim to prevent intellectual property rights (‘IPR’) holders from refusing to license patents and from charging licensees excessive fees (unfair or unreasonable) for standard implemented patented technologies. The complex interface of open source software and standardisation processes is analysed with a specific focus on the role of IPR including FRAND licensing. Standards and open source development are both processes widely adopted in the information and communications technology (‘ICT’) industry to develop innovative technologies and drive their adoption in the market. Innovators and policy makers often assume that a closer collaboration between standards and open source software development would be mutually beneficial. The interaction between the two is however not yet fully understood.
Antitrust, Competition, and Open Source
Authors: Piana Carlo
Published: November 2022

This chapter addresses antitrust, mainly from an European perspective, but with some consideration of the US. ‘Antitrust’ is a collective name for different types of legislation. It includes at least prohibition of cartels — agreements between undertakings and concerted practices — of abuse of dominant position or ‘monopolization’, and merger control. These areas of antitrust differ considerably. Cartels require the coordinated effort of more than one undertaking, whereas abuse of dominant position is in principle a practice committed by a single undertaking. Enforcement of cartel and abuse of dominant position rules mostly apply ex post facto, when the illegal practices have displayed some of their effects. Conversely, merger control happens before a merger between two undertakings has become effective, requiring notification of certain deals before they are consummated, therefore it is mostly ex ante and it requires a notable amount of forward-looking evaluation by the antitrust authorities.
Public Sector and Open Source
Authors: Mitchell Iain G
Published: November 2022

This chapter examines the relationship between public procurement and open source software. Historically, open source software’s clear economic advantages over proprietary software caused a gain in market share, despite previous bias towards proprietary software. To achieve its full potential both requires a level playing field and a sufficiently large user base. Governments have a clear role to play in the creation of a level playing field. The public sector meanwhile can choose to be pro-active in its support for open source software, or merely to be neutral so that there are, at least, no barriers to the procurement of open source, or, to demonstrate a bias towards particular proprietary solutions. Whatever the policy, there are both obligations and limits on what a public authority can do as part of the procurement process: for public procurement sits within a framework of international and local laws.
The Centre-Left and the Radical Left in Portuguese Democracy, 1974–2021
Authors: Freire André
Published: November 2022

This chapter offers an overview of the evolution of the Portuguese left (centre-left and radical left) since the democratic transition (1974–1982) until the present time. By analysing the centre-left and the radical left parties’ strategies and agenda from 25 April 1974 to the revolutionary period we present the genetic underpinnings of the existing governmental schism within the Portuguese left. In the first section of the chapter, we analyse the cleavage structures and the dimensions of policy competition in Portuguese society and in the Portuguese political system, to locate the different left-wing parties within them. In the second section, we analyse how the Great Recession contributed to overcoming the governmental schism among the Portuguese left. In the third and final section, we offer a sort of epilogue with up-to-date information, namely in terms of coalition politics on the left, considering current developments.
Aerial Blight of Soybean Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA: A Diagnostic Guide
Authors: Rodriguez-Herrera Kensy D. , Doyle Vinson P. , Price Paul P. , Padgett Guy B. , Thomas-Sharma Sara
Published: November 2022

Aerial blight is an important disease affecting soybean production in the mid-southern United States and other countries. Aerial blight is caused by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. This diagnostic guide provides details about the symptoms, host range, distribution, isolation, identification, and other characteristics of R. solani AG1-IA to aid with diagnosis and identification of aerial blight in the field.
Measures to prolong duration of sensory block after regional anaesthesia
Authors: Schubert Ann-Kristin , Wiesmann Thomas , Dinges Hanns-Christian
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review

The duration of single-injection regional anaesthesia is limited due to the inherent pharmacological properties of local anaesthetics. The ideal duration of a regional anaesthesia block lasting for the first 24 h postoperatively can be stated, while a residual analgesic effect thereafter is desirable.

The aim of this review is to present current options to prolong the duration of action of single-injection peripheral regional anaesthesia in the ambulatory setting. Secondly, this review outlines and discusses the latest evidence regarding the clinical use of adjuvants and sustained-release local anaesthetics.

Recent findings

Extended-release formulations of local anaesthetics such as liposomal bupivacaine have been developed to prolong regional anaesthesia up to 96 h. Recent studies, however, show that the actual effects remain far behind expectations and that the efficacy is only marginally better than bupivacaine hydrochloride.

Adjuvants to local anaesthetics have been studied extensively with heterogenous results. Dexamethasone and alpha-2 agonists range among the most effective measures to prolong single-injection nerve blocks.

Continuous nerve blocks and catheter techniques may prolong regional anaesthesia very effectively, but are less cost-effective regarding block procedure, postoperative care and handling logistical issues especially in ambulatory surgery.

In conclusion, adjuvants are the recommended measure to prolong regional anaesthesia where needed. With good evidence supporting it, dexamethasone is the most effective adjuvant, followed by dexmedetomidine. Both have few side effects and a favourable safety profile. However, a preferable duration of analgesia lasting for the first 24 h postoperatively is still not reliably achievable.
Presbyopic LASIK using the Supracor algorithm and micromonovision in presbyopic myopic patients: 12-month visual and refractive outcomes
Authors: Adam Thomas , Boucenna William , Lussato Mikhael , Hagege Alain , Berguiga Marouen , Marechal Marie , Froussart-Maille Françoise , Delbarre Maxime
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes for presbyopia and myopia treatment using the Teneo 317 M2 platform and the myopic Supracor algorithm.

Setting:

Percy Military Hospital and Private Laser Victor Hugo Center, Paris, France.

Design:

Observational retrospective nonrandomized study.

Methods:

50 eyes (25 patients) treated with bilateral myopic Supracor and micromonovision using the Teneo 317 M2 platform and followed up for 12 months. Study outcomes included binocular and monocular visual acuities (without correction for distance and near vision), the spherical equivalent, predictability, stability, safety, optical aberrations, and complications.

Results:

The mean age was 50.6 ± 2.7 years, and the mean preoperative spherical equivalent was −2.6 ± 1.4 diopters. At 12 months postoperatively, the mean binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.02 ± 0.03 logMAR, and 24 patients (96%) achieved an acuity of 20/25 or better. The binocular uncorrected near visual acuity was equal to Jaeger 1 in 18 patients (72%) and Jaeger 2 or better in 23 patients (92%). 12 eyes (24%) had lost 1 Snellen line, and 1 eye (2%) had lost 2 Snellen lines of monocular corrected distance visual acuity. No cases required retreatment; however, 1 eye (2%) underwent revision surgery because of diffuse lamellar keratitis.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that Supracor using the Teneo 317 M2 platform is a safe and effective technique for myopia and presbyopia treatment. Supracor is therefore a viable alternative to monovision for presbyopia and myopia. However, a careful patient selection is essential to satisfy realistic expectations.