bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 in direct comparison to other respiratory infections—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lampart Maurin , Zellweger Núria , Bassetti Stefano , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Rentsch Katharina M. , Siegemund Martin , Bingisser Roland , Osswald Stefan , Kuster Gabriela M. , Twerenbold Raphael
Published: May 2022

Background

Inflammatory biomarkers are associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, direct comparisons of their utility in COVID-19 versus other respiratory infections are largely missing.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the prognostic utility of various inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 compared to patients with other respiratory infections.

Materials and methods

Patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled. Levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, ferritin, and leukocytes were compared between COVID-19, other viral respiratory infections, and bacterial pneumonia. Primary outcome was the need for hospitalisation, secondary outcome was the composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death at 30 days.

Results

Among 514 patients with confirmed respiratory infections, 191 (37%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, 227 (44%) with another viral respiratory infection (viral controls), and 96 (19%) with bacterial pneumonia (bacterial controls). All inflammatory biomarkers differed significantly between diagnoses and were numerically higher in hospitalized patients, regardless of diagnoses. Discriminative accuracy for hospitalisation was highest for IL-6 and CRP in all three diagnoses (in COVID-19, area under the curve (AUC) for IL-6 0.899 [95%CI 0.850–0.948]; AUC for CRP 0.922 [95%CI 0.879–0.964]). Similarly, IL-6 and CRP ranged among the strongest predictors for ICU admission or death at 30 days in COVID-19 (AUC for IL-6 0.794 [95%CI 0.694–0.894]; AUC for CRP 0.807 [95%CI 0.721–0.893]) and both controls. Predictive values of inflammatory biomarkers were generally higher in COVID-19 than in controls.

Conclusion

In patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, inflammatory biomarkers harbour strong prognostic information, particularly IL-6 and CRP. Their routine use may support early management decisions.
Assessing individual equivalence in parallel group and crossover designs: Exact test and sample size procedures
Authors: Shieh Gwowen
Published: May 2022

The consideration of individual equivalence provides an essential alternative to average equivalence in two-group comparative studies. A common procedure for declaring individual equivalence adopts the tolerance intervals of the designated proportions of measurement differences. This statistical practice is a direct generalization of the widely used two one-sided tests (TOST) for average equivalence. Such TOST extensions often do not have adequate control of Type I error and result in excessively conservative tests. To signify and resolve the underlying issues of existing methods, this paper presents exact tests for assessing individual equivalence between two treatments under parallel group and crossover designs. Rigorous evaluations are conducted to clarify the discrepancy of critical values and Type I error probabilities between the equivalence procedures. The findings elucidate the shortcoming of the TOST technique and the advantage of the proposed approach. The associated power and sample size calculations are also justified through simulation studies.
Junk art: The art that needs to be understood – Autoethnographic perspective
Authors: Żyniewicz Karolina
Published: May 2022

Thierry Bardini, in his book titled Junkware, proposed that the apt name for contemporary art would be junk art. He stressed the significant change taking place in art: that the narration and explanatory discourse run by an artist is more important than the visual outcome of the project. According to the knowledge from STS (especially Bruno Latour’s writing), knowledge production is based on multilevel translations. Art based on science can be seen as a kind of translation as well. The production of biological knowledge and bio art creation looks pretty similar, being based on the same laboratory protocols. However, something interesting is happening regarding bio art’s presentations in galleries or museums. The audience is usually unfamiliar with the laboratory work process, which results in something akin to getting just one layer of that translation cake. What is the role of an institution in making junk art readable? What does being lost in translation mean in this context? To work on the questions, I use my autoethnographic notes from the performative killing of my cells (immortalized B lymphocytes), which took place at the opening of an exhibition titled Beyond Borders: Processed Body – Expanded Brain – Distributed Agency at Gallery Łaźnia in Gdańsk (18 December 2019).
A brief constellation towards a ruderal futurism
Authors: Young Alex
Published: May 2022

This article serves as a brief constellation of thought working towards a ruderal futurism. Proposed as an alternative of the granary logic of state and capital, the ruderal is positioned as a force functioning in the aftermath of – and in opposition to – the composite human/state/cereal-turned-capitalist ordering of nature. The role of agriculture and cereal crop production in early states as well as its exalted status within modern nation state and attendant culture is examined as a departure point for experimental approaches to their negation.
Aesthetics and the semblance of the real in terroristic gameplay
Authors: Miranda Salvador
Published: May 2022

‘Aesthetics and the semblance of the real in terroristic gameplay’ explores the recreation of terrorism and terrorist role-playing in gaming in a post 9/11 context. Drawing examples from contemporary games like Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, ARMA 3: Takistan, Insurgency: Sandstorm and SQUAD, games provide for surprisingly subjective explorations of terrorist role-playing and image-making. What does it mean to recreate these images of terrorism, so closely associated with propaganda from the War on Terror? This article looks at the phenomenon through the Lacanian notion of the real; that which cannot be reduced to the symbolic or semiotic. In particular, it looks at the aesthetic appeal of terroristic images and how these lead to their recreation. The article suggests that the virtual world of gaming provides a risk-free space to explore the taboo of terrorism while participating in the recreation of aesthetic media tropes. It further explores the idea of terrorism as the return of the Lacanian real and how terrorist gameplay can be understood as the re-enactment of the semblance of the real. This article draws from the author’s 2019 short film, Aim Down Sights.
Leading by design: The synergy of second-order cybernetics and transformative leadership
Authors: Munton Michael
Published: May 2022

As cyberneticians living at this pivotal moment for global change, we see on the horizon exciting new prospects as well as ferocious storms. Who is qualified to navigate and give direction at such high stakes? If cybernetics is the art of navigating towards goals, it has much to offer to leaders and leadership theory. In this article, I share my personal account of the ASC Global Conversations Conference as someone newly introduced to cybernetics and how it is influencing my development as a transformative leader.
Rethinking cybernetics with a transfunctional approach to structure and organization
Authors: Baltazar Ana Paula
Published: May 2022

This article develops further a proposal for conversation at the ASC 2020 Global Conversation event, motivated by exchange of e-mails with Ranulph Glanville in 2007. Drawing from the questions raised by Glanville and myself, this article addresses the concept of autopoiesis and the possibility of revisiting the concepts of structure and organization, which are discussed with an example of a transfunctional interface (structure) designed to invite people to configure unpredictable organizations. It examines the correspondence between structure and organization and opens new questions to rethink cybernetics in the realm of relations.
Like real friends do: Communicating on social media with Sophia the robot
Authors: Limniati Laida , Honorato Dalila , Giannakoulopoulos Andreas
Published: May 2022

Human–robot interaction (HRI) is the study focused on the relationship between humans and robots. HRI as a study combines elements from different fields such as computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, psychology and sociology. With the advancement in the field of AI, HRI showed greater improvements and now, we have the first robot recognized as a citizen of a country: Sophia the robot. Sophia is a robot that has a humanoid form, first made her appearance in 2016 and, according to her creators, is a mix of technology, arts and robotics. Since then, Sophia has made a lot of appearances in different TV shows, given interviews and participated in commercials. Sophia also has her own social media accounts. Our study focuses on Sophia’s presence on social media and the ways she communicates with people and the rhetorics she makes use of. Hence, it studies the advances on HRI and the issues encountered in the field of communication. For our research, we used purposive sampling and content analysis in cases needed in order to study Sophia’s communication patterns and behaviour. At this point, we will delve into the communication with the AI aspect of HRI.
First survey on seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Putra I Gusti Agung Arta , Adi Anak Agung Ayu Mirah , Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Kardena I Made , Wandia I Nengah , Soma I Gede , Brotcorne Fany , Fuentes Agustin
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic infectious inflammatory brain disease caused by the JE virus (JEV). Considerable research into the seroprevalence of JE in domestic animals has been conducted, but there have been no reports of its occurrence in wild animals, including long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of JEV infection and its determinants in long-tailed macaques in Bali and the prevalence of mosquito vectors. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (3 mL) were collected from a population of M. fascicularis (92 heads) inhabiting a small forest with irrigated rice field nearby (wetland area) in Ubud, Gianyar, and from two populations in dryland areas with no wet rice field (Uluwatu, Badung, and Nusa Penida, Bali Province, Indonesia). The collected sera were tested for antibodies against JEV using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (qualitative monkey JE Immunoglobulin G antibody kit). The seropositivity of the antibodies was then compared based on different variables, namely, habitat type, age, and sex. Results: The seroprevalence of the JEV antibodies in all the samples tested was found to be 41.3%. The seropositivity of the monkey serum samples collected from the wetland area was 46.4%, which was higher than the seropositivity of the sera samples collected from the dried field areas (1.25%). Monkey sera collected from the wetland areas were 6.1 times (odds ratio [OR]: 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-51.5, p>0.05) more likely to be seropositive compared to the monkey sera collected from the dried field areas. Meanwhile, female monkeys were 1.79 times (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 0.76-4.21; p>0.05) more likely to be seropositive to JEV than males. Similarly, juvenile monkeys were 2.38 times (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 0.98-5.79); p>0.05) more likely to be seropositive against the JEV than adult monkeys. However, none of these differences achieved statistical significance. Regarding the JEV mosquito vector collection, more Culex mosquitoes were found in the samples from the wetland areas than from the dried field areas. Conclusion: The study confirms the existence of JEV infection in long-tailed macaques in Bali. There were patterned seropositivity differences based on habitat, age, and sex of the monkeys, but these were not significant. The possibility of monkeys as a JEV reservoir and the presence of the mosquitoes as the JEV vector are suggested but require more study to confirm.
Effect of L-arginine and L-Lysine HCl ratio on growth performance and ileum morphology of native chickens aged 2-14 weeks
Authors: Lisnahan Charles Venirius , Nahak Oktovianus R. , Welsiliana Welsiliana , Pardosi Lukas
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: Micronutrients such as essential amino acids in chicken feed must be balanced to promote optimal development. The balance of the amino acids arginine and lysine in chicken feed is particularly important. This study aimed to examine the effect of the ratio of L-arginine to L-Lysine HCl on growth performance and ileum morphology of native chickens aged 2-14 weeks-old.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty 2-week-old native chickens which initial weight 78.10±4.97 g were classified into six treatments and five repetitions using a completely randomized design. Treatments were based on the ratio of arginine to lysine in the feed: T1 (0.50% L-arginine: 0.85% L-lysine HCl); T2 (0.75% L-arginine: 0.85% L-lysine HCl); T3 (1.00% L-arginine: 0.85% L-lysine HCl); T4 (0.50% L-arginine: 1.00% L-lysine HCl); T5 (0.75% L-arginine: 1.00% L-lysine HCl); and T6 (1.00% L-arginine: 1.00% L-lysine HCl).

Results: Groups T3 and T6 had the highest feed consumption (42.06±0.29 and 42.78±0.72 g/bird/day, respectively), while Group T6 had the highest body weight and body weight gain rate (1505.60±103.20 kg/bird and 16.99±1.24 g/bird/day, respectively). Groups T3 and T6 also had the highest carcass weight (916.16±46.99 and 947.18±62.32 g/bird, respectively). The best feed conversion was seen for Groups T3, T5, and T6 (2.55±0.14, 2.50±0.20, and 2.53±0.19, respectively). For ileum morphometry, the highest villus height occurred in Groups T2, T3, T5, and T6 (962.80±23.31, 982.80±10.03, 972.80±18.99, and 989.80±10.69 μm, respectively); and Group T6 had the highest crypt depth and villus width (340.80±11.52 and 302.00±4.00 μm, respectively). Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among the treatment groups for all variables examined (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The highest ratio of arginine-lysine was associated with the largest increase in native chicken feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and carcass weight, as well as villus height and width, and crypt depth in the ileum. Overall, an arginine-lysine ratio of 0.8-1.20 promoted optimal growth of native chickens aged 2-14 weeks. In the future, it is important to increase the arginine-lysine ratio with low feed protein levels in native chickens.
The Evolution of Military and Non-Military Means in Russian Strategic Thinking (1991–2022)
Authors: Fidalgo Victor
Published: May 2022

This article discusses how Russian strategic thinking has evolved from the dissolution of the Soviet Union to the present day. Special emphasis will be placed on non-military means andhow their presence has evolved over time. To demonstrate this, both statements and articles of the most prominent figures of the Russian theoretical field of each era will be used, up to themodifications in the national security documents issued by the Russian Federation. As we will see, the role of non-military means has undergone major changes since the birth of thecontemporary Russian state in 1991.
El Museo Pedagógico Nacional y la renovación educativa en España (1882-1941)
Authors: Martínez Pedro Luis Moreno
Published: May 2022

El Museo Pedagógico Nacional, fundado en 1882 con el nombre, inicialmente, de Museo de Instrucción Primaria de Madrid, fue creado a propuesta de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza como parte de su proyecto pedagógico y político para lograr la modernización y la transformación social del país. La iniciativa se vinculaba a la necesidad de acometer las reformas necesarias para mejorar las condiciones de la primera enseñanza tomando como referencia la experiencia museística internacional. El Museo, tal y como fue concebido por su primer director Manuel Bartolomé Cossío (1857-1935), tenía que ser la puerta por la que se introdujeran en España todos los adelantos que en la primera educación se verificaran en los demás países. Sus principales líneas de actuación irían encaminadas a la formación docente, la reforma del mobiliario escolar y el material de enseñanza, así como convertirse en el centro de información, estudio, renovación y difusión pedagógica más importante del país.
El Museo Pedagógico en Argentina: nacimiento y avatares de una Institución renovadora (1883-1940)
Authors: Linares María Cristina
Published: May 2022

Los museos pedagógicos surgieron a partir de mediados del siglo XIX acompañando la formación de maestros y la construcción de los sistemas educativos nacionales. Eran centros que comprendían una biblioteca con obras de educación, legislación y otro tipo de documentos, como también mobiliario escolar y colecciones de materiales para la enseñanza. Abonaron a la circulación de ideas, prácticas y materiales escolares. Tenían un carácter prospectivo e instituyente de las nuevas metodologías, utillaje, política y estructura escolar, y la intención expresa de construir identidades nacionales. En la Argentina, la iniciativa de crear un museo pedagógico en el ámbito del Consejo Nacional de Educación, el Museo Escolar Nacional, anexo a la biblioteca y dirigido a la enseñanza primaria, fue entendida como motor para la renovación pedagógico-política y material de la educación. El museo era uno más de los mecanismos estatales dentro del sistema educativo para llevar a la sociedad, paulatinamente, a un nivel de “civilización”.
Escola no Rio Grande do Sul (1889-1950): ensino, culturas e práticas escolares
Authors: Duarte Ariane dos Reis
Published: May 2022

A obra Escola no Rio Grande do Sul (1889-1950): ensino, culturas e práticas escolares (Caxias do Sul, editora Educs, 2020, 476 páginas, e-book), organizada pelo professor e pesquisador José Edimar de Souza evidencia o esforço do seu organizador em contribuir para o campo da história da educação no Rio Grande do Sul. O livro está estruturado em quatro eixos de abordagem, os quais serão explorados no decorrer desta resenha. Ao compor a obra desta forma, o autor nos propicia estabelecer um panorama das produções acadêmicas sobre instituições escolares no estado. Da mesma forma, entendemos que tal organização permite ao leitor perceber os diferentes rumos e segmentos que a pesquisa sobre instituições pode tomar. A obra é prefaciada pelo professor António Gomes Ferreira, da Universidade de Coimbra, cujos estudos se dedicam ao campo da História da Educação, Políticas educacionais e Educação Comparada.
A Escola Nova e A New Education Fellowship sob uma nova perspectiva na História da Educação
Authors: França Franciele Ferreira
Published: May 2022

A New Education Fellowship (NEF), conhecida também como Ligue Internationale Pour L’Education Nouvelle, foi criada há 100 anos, em congresso realizado na cidade de Calais, na França. Baillie-Weaver foi nomeado como presidente, Beatrice Ensor assumiu como diretora organizadora, e Elizabeth Rotten e Adolphe Ferrière foram nomeados como diretores (VIDAL; RABELO, 2019). Com sede fixada em Londres, a NEF “emergiu como um movimento internacional desenhado para agregar pessoas de diferentes países em torno da renovação da educação e da escola”, reunindo “tanto educadores e profissionais ligados à educação quanto leigos” (RABELO; VIDAL, 2018, p. 03). Tendo por intuito difundir e promover discussões referentes aos diferentes aspectos da educação nova, a NEF organizou conferências bianuais, realizadas em diferentes países, assim como teve associada a publicação de três revistas: The New Era, editada por Beatrice Ensor, Pour L’Ere Nouvelle, por Adolphe Ferrière e Das Werdende Zeitatter, por Elizabeth Rotten (VIDAL; RABELO, 2019). Essa mobilização a favor da renovação da escola e da educação contribuiu, ou mesmo reafirmou, com o que é denominado na historiografia da educação como o Movimento da Escola Nova.
Mulheres, por onde caminham?
Authors: Ferreira Franciele Rodovalho , Andrade Karylleila Santos
Published: May 2022

O topônimo é um signo linguístico de caráter motivado. Os fatores históricos de uma comunidade e as mentalidades individual e coletiva servem de motivação toponímica. Esta pesquisa é resultado de um estudo da toponímia urbana do Município de Porto Nacional do Estado do Tocantins. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os nomes dos logradouros públicos, homenageados com nomes próprios femininos, da região histórica e central de Porto Nacional. Os dados analisados basearam-se em uma abordagem mista quantiqualitativa. Foram catalogados um total de 441 topônimos. Entre eles, 94 são antropônimos masculinos, sendo apenas 13 femininos. Os resultados apontaram que as mulheres portuenses foram pouco creditadas como força construtiva no momento da nomeação dos logradouros públicos.
Desenvolvimento Nacional e o Lugar dos Estagos Membros Brasileiros nas Políticas de Transportes
Authors: Raposo Fernanda Gurgel
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo se propõe a tratar da competência estadual para instituir políticas de transportes e os limites que lhes foram impostos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, em sede de ADIs, considerando a repartição de competências da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a relação entre o papel dos Estado-membros na instituição dessas políticas e o cumprimento do objetivo da República Federativa do Brasil de garantia do desenvolvimento nacional. Dessa forma, o trabalho apresenta uma proposta de evidenciar o papel que a Constituição de 1988 atribuiu aos Estados-membros em matéria de transportes, nos dispositivos que tratam das repartições de competências para, a partir desse ponto, analisar os tratamentos que as Constituições Estaduais outorgaram à matéria e os limites que lhes foram impostos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, em julgamentos de Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade, desde 1988. Para tanto, fez-se necessária a realização de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em matéria de repartição de competências do Estado Federal brasileiro, uma pesquisa legislativa em dispositivos das Constituições Estaduais, e uma pesquisa jurisprudencial, em especial de decisões do STF em ADIs, que permitiram à análise desvelar a extensão e os limites do papel dos Estados-Membros em matéria política de transportes.
Código de Defesa do Consumidor e a sua Contribuiçao na Efetividade da Tutela de Interesses Individuais e Coletivos
Authors: Da Silveira Sebastião Sérgio , Silveira Ricardo dos Reis , Franco Vilela Thiago Ribeiro
Published: May 2022

O presente estudo tem por objeto a análise sintética e a sistemática das disposições normativas do Código de Defesa do Consumidor – CDC, em sede de direitos individuais, tal como marco notório no reconhecimento das demandas coletivas, além de reflexões vindouras. A abordagem remanesce da nova forma de organização social, o consumo de produtos e serviços, elementar à subsistência da população. Essa realidade provoca o Estado a inferir nas relações de consumo, de maneira a garantir a isonomia entre os envolvidos. No caso brasileiro, a promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil – CRFB, de 1988, e da vigência CDC, em 1990, instaurou um cenário benéfico aos consumidores, marcando o equilíbrio da relação perante os fornecedores, potencializando-se a visão social pretendida pelo legislador às relações de consumo, englobando um contingente maior de indivíduos na medida de seus interesses e relações de fato, inaugurando uma nova abordagem jurídica sobre os direitos coletivos.
É Possível Combater a Corrupção sem Ofender a Constituição Federal de 1988?
Authors: Leonardo Amorim Antônio , Mara Fleury Nélia , Melo dos Santos Ícaro
Published: May 2022

Historicamente nossa sociedade tem estabelecido que determinadas condutas merecem maior reprimenda do direito penal, no Brasil sempre criminalizou com mais frequência determinados grupos, exemplo disso, foi a perseguição por contravenção penal de vadiagem contra os escravos recém libertos em 1888, a continuidade nesse processo de criminalização dos negros pela guerra às drogas. A bola da vez é o combate à corrupção, o que se verifica quando a Operação Lava Jato, deixa de ser regionalizada, para se tornar nacional, diferente do que acontece em todas outras investigações criminais. O modus operandi do processo penal em que se tem um acusado por corrupção é com sensacionalismo midiático, exposição desses acusados, penas cumpridas publicamente, acontece que a Constituição Federal de 1988 traz garantias fundamentais a todos os investigados. Com isso, surge a problemática, é possível combater à corrupção sem ofender a Constituição Federal de 1988? A resposta a esse problema de pesquisa se dará a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, pelo método hipotético dedutivo, trazendo discussões sobre o combate à corrupção no Brasil, pontuando que toda persecução criminal e investigação precisa obedecer a lei, o que faz a partir de disposições expressas da Constituição Federal de 1988. Para isso será necessário a definição de comportamentos corruptos, a caracterização de como são definidos, além do papel midiático na construção da figura do “corrupto”. Relacionar o combate à corrupção a partir de suas regras processuais (persecução penal), diferente da vigente “perseguição” criminal, na qual direitos básicos do acusado são violados em prol do combate à corrupção, não pode ser uma metodologia de investigação adotada em nível nacional, vez que mitiga garantias constitucionais. Por isso, toda investigação criminal e persecução penal, precisam obedecer às regras procedimentais, em especial, das que constam na Constituição Federal, sob pena de serem inválidas.
Precedentes no CPC 2015
Authors: Moura da Fonseca Pinto Adriano
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho apresenta comentários a respeito da chegada dos precedentes no CPC 2015 e traz resultados parciais de atividade de pesquisa realizada no ano de 2019 tendo como objeto a análise da fundamentação por precedentes no conjunto das decisões monocráticas e acórdãos do Tribunal Regional Federal da 2a Região. Foram analisadas a ocorrência de determinadas expressões jurídicas, incluindo citação a artigos de lei com o objetivo de identificar o perfil de fundamentação das decisões, bem como o tratamento dispensado aos incidentes de resolução de demandas repetitivas e assunção de competência suscitados conforme previsão do CPC 2015 e CRFB 88.
Crimes de Guerra e suas Consequências Ambientais à luz do Sistema Regional Africano de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Guerra Sidney , Cavadas Divo Augusto , Moura de Figueiredo Silva Rafael
Published: May 2022

Intenta-se neste artigo científico apresentar a sistemática de proteção dos direitos humanos no âmbito do Tribunal Penal Internacional sob um recorte cronológico que contemple os órgãos jurisdicionais criados ao longo do século XX para julgar crimes internacionais (genocídio, crimes contra a humanidade, crimes de guerra e agressão internacional), bem como relacionar este arcabouço fático-normativo aos danos ambientais causados no entorno dos territórios em que foram praticados crimes internacionais, destacando-se o recorte geográfico dos conflitos étnicos centroafricanos e o papel da União Africana como organização internacional relevante para uma hermenêutica plural, universal e cosmopolita dos Direitos Humanos.
Cumprimento da Pena por Idosos em tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Soares Manuella , Módena Carlos Fabíola
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa discorre sobre a realidade da população idosa encarcerada, quanto aos seus direitos constitucionais garantidores de dignidade humana, diplomas normativos internos e externos de proteção; a condição do preso nessa faixa etária dentro do sistema penitenciário e o significado desse envelhecimento. Tem como objetivo investigar as condições das prisões brasileiras para abrigar grupo de idosos e se as normas protetivas do idoso conseguem ser aplicadas em sede prisional, principalmente durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, foi usada uma abordagem indutiva diante de um cenário com poucos censos demográficos, elaborando de forma qualitativa uma revisão de literatura descritiva a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias, com base na técnica monográfica. Como resultados, este estudo evidenciou que, apesar do envelhecimento da população brasileira ser notório, ainda não há a preocupação necessária em relação a esse grupo etário dentro dos estabelecimentos prisionais. Faltam políticas públicas de prevenção, manutenção e ressocialização de grupo. Além disso, restou concluído que há necessidade de maiores estudos sobre o assunto, com uma visão interdisciplinar e igualitária, principalmente nesse momento de pandemia, onde estão sendo desrespeitados vários direitos das pessoas idosas.
Convenção de Montreal e a indenização tarifada de certos danos
Authors: Baillo Targa Maria Luiza
Published: May 2022

O presente comentário à Convenção de Montreal procura ressaltar a importância da aplicação dos valores atualizados das indenizações estabelecidas na referida norma. O mecanismo de revisão periódica dos limites indenizatórios previstos em caso de atraso, morte ou lesão corporal de passageiro, bem como perda, avaria ou destruição da bagagem ou da carga, adveio após insatisfação de diversos países signatários da Convenção de Varsóvia diante da defasagem das quantias arbitradas com o passar dos anos. Considerando que a tese no Tema 210 firmada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal impõe a aplicação da indenização tarifada pela Convenção aos danos por ela regulados, então o aplicador do direito tem o dever de fixar as indenizações em observância aos limites atualizados pela Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional.
Protección en el Sistema Legal Peruano para Erradicar la Violencia Contra la Mujer y los Integrantes del Grupo Familiar
Authors: Canales Gonzales Oscar , Fernández Guevara Kathya
Published: May 2022

Al referirnos al tema de la protección legal en el sistema peruano lo conceptualizamos acorde a los diferentes textos legales que se promulgan dentro del ordenamiento jurídico, esto, para garantizar una sociedad con igualdad de prerrogativas, las que se evidenciarán en su aplicación a través de los distintos órganos jurisdiccionales. El deber del Estado es proveernos una sociedad donde tanto los derechos, así como los deberes sean equitativos para todos sin distinción alguna, esto bajo la perspectiva de la igualdad ante la ley. La violencia contra la mujer y los integrantes del grupo familiar es un tema de suma preocupación e interés social, habida cuenta, esta, la violencia, se constituye en la vulneración de los derechos humanos afectando su libre desarrollo en la sociedad, la violencia está arraigada en las diferentes estructuras sociales en base al género masculino que, muchas veces valiéndose de la fuerza, superioridad y la distribución asimétrica de poder inferioriza y subordina al género femenino y de esta manera va perpetuando su desvalorización en la sociedad. Es importante precisar que en sociedades como la nuestra, en las que está arraigado el patriarcado, siempre va a existir el ego de superioridad por parte de lo masculino que generalmente pretenderá tomar posiciones de asimetría hacia lo femenino, muchos otros países vecinos no son ajenos a este tipo de comportamientos, que se puede decir son reprochables las cuales repercuten en las acciones ilícitas como el acoso, feminicidio, trata de personas entre otros.
Presentación del Dossier “Vulnerabilidades y Cuestiones Sociales durante la Pandemia”
Authors: Cabello Ayzama Alex , Flores Anarte Laura , Naranjo Román Rosario
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este dossier ha sido el de reunir las más amplias experiencias sobre el efecto del COVID-19 respecto a la violencia de género, contando con amplios trabajos que abordan el tema desde diferentes ópticas e idiomas que exteriorizan las más diversas vulnerabilidades y cuestiones sociales observadas durante la pandemia.
Avaliação dos aspectos de configuração urbana facilitadores da mobilidade nos planos de ordenamento territorial e de transportes do Distrito Federal
Authors: Vitorino S. Alves Henrique , De Lima Bezerra Maria do Carmo , Cunha Blanco Karoline , Leal Santos André
Published: May 2022

Mobilidade é um tema relativamente recente nas discussões sobre qualidade urbana no Brasil e, ainda, quase sempre é tratada como relacionada apenas ao transporte público e sua gestão. Por outro lado, a abordagem escolhida neste artigo é a relação entre forma urbana e a eficiência de políticas públicas para o estabelecimento de uma mobilidade mais sustentável. Utilizando como estudo de caso o Distrito Federal, analisou-se como a forma urbana se relaciona com a promoção da mobilidade sustentável e como essa relação se dá nas diretrizes presentes nos planos de ordenamento territorial e de transportes do Distrito Federal. Como resultado, apresentou-se um quadro sintético dos elementos facilitadores da mobilidade e de como esses elementos comparecem nos referidos planos. Ambos documentos apresentam conceitos importantes para o alcance da mobilidade sustentável: multimodalidade, acessibilidade universal, multicentralidade, ocupação de vazios urbanos, preferência a modos não-motorizados e motorizados coletivos de transporte, integração do sistema de transportes, dentre outros. No entanto, constatou-se a ausência de instrumentos jurídicos que possibilitem materializar os princípios, objetivos e diretrizes arroladas em tais documentos, sem superar a tradicional distância entre planejamento e produção do espaço urbano nas cidades brasileiras.
A New System (ZH1) for Verdict the Optimal Solution of Assignment Problems
Authors: Zabiba Mohammed S.M , Alerawani Zahraa Jawad M
Published: May 2022

The assignment Complications is one of the greatest public optimization problems, and it is a private sort of transportation problem. Its goal is to assign an equal number of tasks to an equal number of people. It is used to maximize total profit or reduce total cost of allocation. The assignment problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem. In its most general form, the problem is as follows: The problem instance has a number of agents and a number of tasks. Any agent can be assigned to perform any task, incurring some cost that may vary depending on the agent-task assignment. It is required to perform as many tasks as possible by assigning at most one agent to each task and at most one task to each agent, in such a way that the total cost of the assignment is minimized. This paper provides a novel approach to solving the assignment problem. Furthermore, several numerical examples were provided to compare the results of the new techniques' clarifications to the results of the Hungarian method's solutions.
Prevalence of Legal Liability in Sport Among Sports Council Personnel in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Alaubi Stanley C. , Deemua G. A.
Published: May 2022

This study is on the prevalence of legal liability in sports, among male athletes in sport councils in South-South Nigeria. Nine research questions and six null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha levels. The population for this study comprised of all the 3,321 athletes and coaches in south south Nigeria with a sample size of 645 respondents (140 coaches and 505 athletes).  The study adopted the cross sectional survey design. The sampling technique used was multi stage sampling procedure. The research instrument was subject to both face and content validation by the researcher’s supervisor and two experts in the field of measurement and evaluation. The reliability coefficient of 0.78 was obtained using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical analysis. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation for the research questions, while multiple regression were used for the testing of the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Prevalence of legal liability in sports is rare among Sports personnel in South-South Nigeria; 403 (62.3%) not being involved in prevalence,  while only 242 (37.7%) experienced prevalence. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that: Ministry of sport should introduce sporting activities, training and retraining from time to time in order to improve the knowledge of Sports personnel with issues relating to legal liability in sport.
Environmental and Processing Contaminants from Pahs and Furan
Authors: Peace C. E. , Osuji L. C. , Osu C. I.
Published: May 2022

Maintaining an adequate, safe food supply has been a major goal of the Federal Government since 1906, when the first Federal food and drug law was signed into law. Historically, chemicals such as salt, sugar, and wood smoke have been used to preserve foods. Modern food technology relies extensively on the use of chemicals not only for preservation but also to produce appealing colors, flavors, aromas, and textures. Most developed countries now have food laws designed to permit the use of such chemicals in food under conditions judged to be safe. These chemicals are not considered adulterants or contaminants and are classed as intentional additives. Other chemicals may enter food as a result of their use in food production, handling, or processing. Such substances maybe legally permitted if they are unavoidable under good manufacturing practices and if the amounts involved are considered safe. These chemicals are classed as incidental additives. The presence of both these classes of chemicals in food is controlled by regulation.
The Fifth Interlinguistics Symposium of the Interlinguistic Studies of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
Authors: Koutny Ilona , Stria Ida , Farris Michael
Published: May 2022

The Fifth Interlinguistics Symposium of the Interlinguistic Studies of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
Severe hematoma following the use of low molecular weight heparin in preterm neonate
Authors: Durrani Naveed Ur Rehman , Elfaki Elhindi , Sigola Nqobile Tessa , Tscherning Charlotte , Gupta Samir , Glass Graeme E. , Yajamanyum Phani Kiran
Published: May 2022

Objectives

With the increased survival of preterm neonates, thromboembolic (TE) events are increasingly being recognized due to the use of indwelling catheters. It is still debatable to treat TE with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or follow expectant management. Despite the safety and efficacy profile about using LMWH in adults, its use in extreme preterm neonates with TE events is limited. The therapeutic level and pharmacokinetics of LMWH in the preterm population are relatively variable.

Case presentation

We present a case with a severe hematoma on the left thigh following the use of LMWH, which was surgically drained and had a successful skin graft.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of early and close monitoring of injection sites in patients treated with LMWH.
Decision-making factors of female A-level chemistry students when choosing to study a degree in chemistry
Authors: Crossdale Rachel , Scott Fraser J. , Sweeney Gemma
Published: May 2022

Gender issues, and specifically the lack of women in the physical sciences, has been a subject of intense debate for decades. The problem is so acute, that national initiatives have been developed to analyse and address the issues, with some success in STEM, particularly in higher education and also in industry. However, despite this progress, there is little understanding as to why women are less likely to study the chemical sciences in particular. In this research, a survey and interviews were used to find out why female A-level chemistry students choose, or do not choose, to study chemistry at higher education level. Two distinct phases were identified. Firstly, intelligence gathering to understand the location, content, entry requirements, and career options for potential course and institution combinations. Secondly, self-reflection to establish whether, knowing themselves, students feel as though they would be successful on a particular course at a particular institution. These findings align with research into gender imbalance in STEM and Higher Education more broadly, but go beyond this to broaden current debates with a focus on chemistry in particular.
Mechanism comics as a task in a written exam in organic chemistry for pre-service chemistry teachers
Authors: Hermanns Jolanda , Kunold Helen
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we describe and evaluate a study on the use of mechanism comics for writing solutions to a task in a written exam for the course “Organic Chemistry I for Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers.” The students had to design a reaction mechanism for a reaction that was unknown to them and write captions explaining every step of their reaction mechanism. The students’ work was evaluated using the method of qualitative content analysis in four rounds by both authors. The majority of the captions were coded as “descriptive” and only a minority as “causal.” This means that the students mostly described “what” happened, but seldom “why” this happened. Implicit electron movement was also described more often than explicit electron movement. The majority of the captions were technically correct. In summary, the students were capable of designing and describing a reaction mechanism for a previously unknown reaction. The quality of their reasoning could be improved, however. In the new course, the quality of students’ mechanistic reasoning and then especially their explanations of “why” mechanistic steps occur will be given much clearer emphasis.
Eukaryotic tRNA splicing – one goal, two strategies, many players
Authors: Gerber Janina L. , Köhler Sandra , Peschek Jirka
Published: May 2022

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed as precursor molecules that undergo several maturation steps before becoming functional for protein synthesis. One such processing mechanism is the enzyme-catalysed splicing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs. Eukaryotic tRNA splicing is an essential process since intron-containing tRNAs cannot fulfil their canonical function at the ribosome. Splicing of pre-tRNAs occurs in two steps: The introns are first excised by a tRNA-splicing endonuclease and the exons are subsequently sealed by an RNA ligase. An intriguing complexity has emerged from newly identified tRNA splicing factors and their interplay with other RNA processing pathways during the past few years. This review summarises our current understanding of eukaryotic tRNA splicing and the underlying enzyme machinery. We highlight recent structural advances and how they have shaped our mechanistic understanding of tRNA splicing in eukaryotic cells. A special focus lies on biochemically distinct strategies for exon-exon ligation in fungi versus metazoans.
The effect of using polyolefin fiber on some properties of slurry-infiltrated fibrous concrete
Authors: Jerry Ali Hassan , Fawzi Nada Mahdi
Published: May 2022

Slurry-infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) is a special type of concrete that has great strength, as well as high ductility. However, the unit weight is high, which exceeds the unit weight of fiber-reinforced concrete, because of the high fiber content. This research aims to verify the compressive and flexural strength, as well as the density of SIFCON when using two different fibers (steel and polyolefin). Sometimes mono type of fiber steel or polyolefin, sometimes by hybridizing two types of fiber steel + polyplefin. Volume fraction (6% for all species) was used. Hook-end steel fiber and polyolefin fiber are used. With hybridization, a total volume fraction of 6% was used, which is 2/3 steel fibers with 1/3 polyolefin and vice versa. In addition, silica fume replaced 10% of the weight of cement. After checking all the results, the highest compressive strength was achieved in the SNS (symbol of mix SIFCON with 6% steel fiber) series by 81 MPa, as well as the highest flexural strength by 23 MPa, but it was the highest density of 2,490 kg/m3. The series contained 2/3 polyolefin and 1/3 steel fibers, which are ideal as they significantly reduced the density of the steel fiber series 2,490–2,210 kg/m3, as well as there was no significant reduction in strength as it achieved 67 MPa in the compressive strength and 19 MPa in the flexural strength, which are values suitable for high SIFCON applications.
Ultrasound in labor: clinical practice guideline and recommendation by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine Foundation
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppe , Ghi Tullio , Henrich Wolfgang , Tutschek Boris , Kamel Rasha , Lees Christoph C , Mappa Ilenia , Kovalenko Mariya , Lau Wailam , Eggebo Torbjorn , Achiron Reuven , Sen Cihat
Published: May 2022

This recommendation document follows the mission of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine in collaboration with the Perinatal Medicine Foundation. We aim to bring together groups and individuals throughout the world for standardization to implement the ultrasound evaluation in labor ward and improve the clinical management of labor. Ultrasound in labor can be performed using a transabdominal or a transperineal approach depending upon which parameters are being assessed. During transabdominal imaging, fetal anatomy, presentation, liquor volume, and placental localization can be determined. The transperineal images depict images of the fetal head in which calculations to determine a proposed fetal head station can be made.
Forecasting Inflation in Mongolia: A Dynamic Model Averaging Approach
Authors: Doojav Gan-Ochir , Luvsannyam Davaajargal
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the use of the dynamic model averaging (DMA) approach for identifying good inflation predictors and forecasting inflation in Mongolia, one of the most commodity-dependent economies. The DMA approach allows for both a set of predictors for inflation and marginal effects of predictors to change over time. Our empirical work resulted in several novel findings. First, external variables (i.e., China’s growth, China’s inflation, and change in oil price) play an important role in forecasting inflation and change considerably over time and over forecast horizons. Second, among domestic variables, wage inflation and M2 growth are currently the best predictors for short and longer forecast horizons. Third, the use of DMA leads to substantial improvements in forecast performance, and DMA (2,15) with the chosen forgetting factors is the best performer in predicting inflation for Mongolia.