bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mammalian complex III heme dynamics studied with pump-probe spectroscopy and red light illuminations
Authors: O’Connor Sean P. , Powell Samantha M. , Rickman John M. , Pope Nathaniel J. , Noojin Gary D. , Scully Marlan O. , Denton Michael L. , Yakovlev Vladislav V.
Published: October 2021

The electronic or molecular mechanisms that initiate photobiomodulation (PBM) in cells are not yet fully understood. The porcine complex III (C-III) of the electron transport chain was characterized with transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). We then applied our recently developed continuous wave laser coupled TAS procedure (CW-TAS) to investigate the effect of red light irradiances on the heme dynamics of C-III in its c1 reduced state. The time constants were found to be 3.3 ± 0.3 ps for vibrational cooling of the oxidized state and 4.9 ± 0.4 ps for rebinding of the photodissociated axial ligand of the c1 reduced state. The analysis of the CW-TAS procedure yielded no significant changes in the C-III heme dynamics. We rule out the possibility of 635 nm CW light at 4.7 mW/cm2 inducing a PBM effect on the heme dynamic of C-III, specifically with the photodissociation of its axial ligand.
Heralded quantum-entanglement transfer based on photon absorption of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ding Zhong
Published: October 2021

As a kind of hybrid spin system, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have shown great advantages in implementing quantum registers for quantum information processing (QIP). When scaling up quantum registers to quantum networks for long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computation, determining how to entangle two registers in distant nodes is a basic challenge in the absence of direct interactions. In this paper, we present a scheme for entangling two distant NV centers based on the special optical absorption and emission of NV centers. In this demonstration, we transfer the entanglement information of a pair of photons to nuclear spins in NV centers and create remote NV–NV entanglement mediated by entangled photons. We then explain how to extract the entangled information from NV centers to prepare on-demand entangled photons for optical quantum information processing. The strategy of entanglement transfer between spins and photons demonstrated herein may pave the way for an NV-center-based quantum network.
Four-function metasurface based on a tri-band integrated meta-atom for full space control of circularly polarized waves
Authors: Zhu Zhibiao , Cheng Yang , Li Yongfeng , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo
Published: October 2021

Highly integrated planar meta-devices have attracted much attention in optics and communication, which can achieve multitasking wavefront manipulations at multiple frequencies. Integrated meta-devices can increase data capacity and functional diversity. However, further expansion of functions in integrated devices is still challenging. Here, a multilayer geometric phase metasurface is proposed. The functions are expanded via decoupling the resonance of different layer structures or decoupling its phase modulation. Under circularly polarized (CP) wave incidence, the proposed multifunctional metasurface performs four functions at three distinct frequencies. When left-handed circularly polarized (σ+ CP) waves at 8 GHz is incident from the lower half of space, deflection is realized. When a CP wave with different handedness at 10 GHz is incident from the upper half of space, focusing and diverging lenses are realized, respectively. When σ+ CP waves at 17 GHz is incident from the lower half of space, the reflective holography is realized. We designed, manufactured, and experimentally proved the multifunctional integrated full-space metasurface. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement, verifying the four-function and tri-band metasurface design strategy. The method proposed in this paper opens up a new opportunity for increasing the information capacity and has application prospects in communication systems, optical storage, and image display.
Enhanced photoluminescence of CsPbBr3-xIx nanocrystals via plasmonic Au nanoarrays
Authors: Wu Yangqing , Han Qiaoling , Wang Mei , Juan Fangying , Hou Guozhi , Xun Fan , Wei Haoming , Xu Jun , Cao Bingqiang
Published: October 2021

Large scale ordered Au nanoarrays are fabricated by nanosphere lithography technique. The photoluminescence improvement of CsPbBr3-xIx nanocrystals by more than three times is realized in the CsPbBr3-xIx nanocrystal/Au nanoarray/Si structure. Time-resolved photoluminescence decay curves indicate that the lifetime is decreased by introducing the Au nanoarrays, which results in a increasing radiation recombination rate. The reflection spectra with two major valleys (the dip in the curve) located at ∼325 nm and 545 nm of Au nanoarray/Si structure, which illustrates two plasmonic resonance absorption peaks of the Au nanoarrays. The enhancement of photoluminescence is ascribed to a well match between the excitation/emission of CsPbBr3-xIx nanocrystals and localized surface plasmon/gap plasmon resonance absorption of the ordered Au nanoarrays, as also revealed from the finite-difference time-domain simulation analysis. Our work offers an effective strategy to improve the fluorescence of perovskite nanocrystals and provide the potential for further applications.
Silicon photonic microelectromechanical phase shifters for scalable programmable photonics
Authors: Edinger Pierre , Takabayashi Alain Yuji , Errando-Herranz Carlos , Khan Umar , Sattari Hamed , Verheyen Peter , Bogaerts Wim , Quack Niels , Gylfason Kristinn B.
Published: October 2021

Programmable photonic integrated circuits are emerging as an attractive platform for applications such as quantum information processing and artificial neural networks. However, current programmable circuits are limited in scalability by the lack of low-power and low-loss phase shifters in commercial foundries. Here, we demonstrate a compact phase shifter with low-power photonic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuation on a silicon photonics foundry platform (IMEC’s iSiPP50G). The device attains

(
2.9
π
±
π
)

phase shift at 1550 nm, with an insertion loss of

(

0.33

−
0.10

+
0.15

)

d
B

, a

V
π

of

(

10.7

−
1.4

+
2.2

)

V

, and an

L
π

of

(

17.2

−
4.3

+
8.8

)

µ

m

. We also measured an actuation bandwidth

f

−

3

d
B

of 1.03 MHz in air. We believe that our demonstration of a low-loss and low-power photonic MEMS phase shifter implemented in silicon photonics foundry compatible technology lifts a main roadblock toward the scale-up of programmable photonic integrated circuits.
Monolithic transceiver for lens-assisted beam-steering Lidar
Authors: Li Chao , Wu Kan , Cao Xianyi , Zhang Guangjin , Li Xinwan , Chen Jianping
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a monolithic transceiver based on a CMOS-compatible silicon photonic platform for lens-assisted beam-steering (LABS) light detecting and ranging (Lidar) application. By implementing an on-chip two-dimensional transceiver array and off-chip lens, beam emitting, steering, and receiving are realized simultaneously on a single chip. The transceiver is designed with a structure of a U-shaped vertical Ge photodetector surrounding a grating for high-efficiency light transmission and reception. The on-chip photodetector has a bandwidth of 87 MHz, a responsivity of 0.3A/W, and a detection sensitivity of

−

20

d
B
m

. For proof-of-concept demonstration, a time-of-flight Lidar system is achieved for target ranging with a detection distance of 5.2 m, a scanning angle of 2.86°, and a scanning speed of

5.3

µ

s

. This work demonstrates a feasible solution to integrated Lidar with beam emitting and receiving on one single chip based on LABS.
Cylindrical vector beam sorter with spin-dependent spiral transformation
Authors: Lin Ziang , Xie Zhiqiang , He Yanliang , Wang Xinrou , Wu Haisheng , Wang Suiling , Guan Zhiwei , Liu Junmin , Ye Huapeng , Li Ying , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Shuqing
Published: October 2021

Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a cylindrical vector beam (CVB) sorter based on a spin-dependent spiral transformation. By exploiting the spin–orbital interaction of the geometric phase, a pair of conjugated spiral transformations are applied to modulate the two orthogonal circularly polarized components of the CVB, which are converted into the same linear phase gradient from opposite azimuthal phase gradients. Since the orthogonal spin components of CVBs with different polarization orders carry different phase gradients, under the convergence of a convex lens, the coaxially transmitted CVBs can be sorted with spatially separated positions, and the increased phase gradient provided by the spiral transformation yields the high resolution. We show that five CVB modes from

−

2

to

+

2

are successfully sorted with a separation efficiency of 3.65. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate a two-channel CVB multiplexing communication with a bit error rate approaching

10

−
6

. In addition to providing an avenue for CVB demultiplexing, our results show potential applications in mode filtering and mode routing in all-optical interconnection.
Deep-learning-based bright-field image generation from a single hologram using an unpaired dataset
Authors: Terbe Dániel , Orzó László , Zarándy Ákos
Published: October 2021

We adopted an unpaired neural network training technique, namely CycleGAN, to generate bright-field microscope-like images from hologram reconstructions. The motivation for unpaired training in microscope applications is that the construction of paired/parallel datasets is cumbersome or sometimes not even feasible, for example, lensless or flow-through holographic measuring setups. Our results show that the proposed method is applicable in these cases and provides comparable results to the paired training. Furthermore, it has some favorable properties even though its metric scores are lower. The CycleGAN training results in sharper and—from this point of view—more realistic object reconstructions compared to the baseline paired setting. Finally, we show that a lower metric score of the unpaired training does not necessarily imply a worse image generation but a correct object synthesis, yet with a different focal representation.
Bragg mirrors with modified period for sub-10-nm wavelengths
Authors: Meisels R. , Kuchar F.
Published: October 2021

Bragg mirrors with superlattices and depth grading of their period are studied numerically at sub-10-nm wavelengths, using La/B4C and Cr/Sc as bilayer materials at 6.64 and 3.12 nm, respectively. Superlattice-related reflection peaks (between normal incidence and total reflection) are very narrow, and sharpen with decreasing wavelength. Depth grading reduces and broadens the peaks. Together with weighting by source spectra, all-angle reflection is demonstrated. For the normal-incidence peaks, grading and weighting increases their overlap with source spectra and allows enhancement of the total collected power by up to 120% (at 6.64 nm) and 90% (3.12 nm) compared to ungraded mirrors. Interface roughness, determined from experimental data, approximately halves these enhancements.
Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night
Authors: Cohen Jonathan H. , Last Kim S. , Charpentier Corie L. , Cottier Finlo , Daase Malin , Hobbs Laura , Johnsen Geir , Berge Jørgen
Published: October 2021

Light plays a fundamental role in the ecology of organisms in nearly all habitats on Earth and is central for processes such as vision and the entrainment of the circadian clock. The poles represent extreme light regimes with an annual light cycle including periods of Midnight Sun and Polar Night. The Arctic Ocean extends to the North Pole, and marine light extremes reach their maximum extent in this habitat. During the Polar Night, traditional definitions of day and night and seasonal photoperiod become irrelevant since there are only “twilight” periods defined by the sun’s elevation below the horizon at midday; we term this “midday twilight.” Here, we characterize light across a latitudinal gradient (76.5° N to 81° N) during Polar Night in January. Our light measurements demonstrate that the classical solar diel light cycle dominant at lower latitudes is modulated during Arctic Polar Night by lunar and auroral components. We therefore question whether this particular ambient light environment is relevant to behavioral and visual processes. We reveal from acoustic field observations that the zooplankton community is undergoing diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior. Furthermore, using electroretinogram (ERG) recording under constant darkness, we show that the main migratory species, Arctic krill (Thysanoessa inermis) show endogenous increases in visual sensitivity during the subjective night. This change in sensitivity is comparable to that under exogenous dim light acclimations, although differences in speed of vision suggest separate mechanisms. We conclude that the extremely weak midday twilight experienced by krill at high latitudes during the darkest parts of the year has physiological and ecological relevance.
Factors affecting aerosol SARS-CoV-2 transmission via HVAC systems; a modeling study
Authors: Cotman Zachary J. , Bowden Michael J. , Richter Barrett P. , Phelps Joseph H. , Dibble Christopher J.
Published: October 2021

The role of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. To address this gap, we simulated the release of SARS-CoV-2 in a multistory office building and three social gathering settings (bar/restaurant, nightclub, wedding venue) using a well-mixed, multi-zone building model similar to those used by Wells, Riley, and others. We varied key factors of HVAC systems, such as the Air Changes Per Hour rate (ACH), Fraction of Outside Air (FOA), and Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values (MERV) to examine their effect on viral transmission, and additionally simulated the protective effects of in-unit ultraviolet light decontamination (UVC) and separate in-room air filtration. In all building types, increasing the ACH reduced simulated infections, and the effects were seen even with low aerosol emission rates. However, the benefits of increasing the fraction of outside air and filter efficiency rating were greatest when the aerosol emission rate was high. UVC filtration improved the performance of typical HVAC systems. In-room filtration in an office setting similarly reduced overall infections but worked better when placed in every room. Overall, we found little evidence that HVAC systems facilitate SARS-CoV-2 transmission; most infections in the simulated office occurred near the emission source, with some infections in individuals temporarily visiting the release zone. HVAC systems only increased infections in one scenario involving a marginal increase in airflow in a poorly ventilated space, which slightly increased the likelihood of transmission outside the release zone. We found that improving air circulation rates, increasing filter MERV rating, increasing the fraction of outside air, and applying UVC radiation and in-room filtration may reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission indoors. However, these mitigation measures are unlikely to provide a protective benefit unless SARS-CoV-2 aerosol emission rates are high (>1,000 Plaque-forming units (PFU) / min).
Machine learning to predict the source of campylobacteriosis using whole genome data
Authors: Arning Nicolas , Sheppard Samuel K. , Bayliss Sion , Clifton David A. , Wilson Daniel J.
Published: October 2021

Campylobacteriosis is among the world’s most common foodborne illnesses, caused predominantly by the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni. Effective interventions require determination of the infection source which is challenging as transmission occurs via multiple sources such as contaminated meat, poultry, and drinking water. Strain variation has allowed source tracking based upon allelic variation in multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) genes allowing isolates from infected individuals to be attributed to specific animal or environmental reservoirs. However, the accuracy of probabilistic attribution models has been limited by the ability to differentiate isolates based upon just 7 MLST genes. Here, we broaden the input data spectrum to include core genome MLST (cgMLST) and whole genome sequences (WGS), and implement multiple machine learning algorithms, allowing more accurate source attribution. We increase attribution accuracy from 64% using the standard iSource population genetic approach to 71% for MLST, 85% for cgMLST and 78% for kmerized WGS data using the classifier we named aiSource. To gain insight beyond the source model prediction, we use Bayesian inference to analyse the relative affinity of C. jejuni strains to infect humans and identified potential differences, in source-human transmission ability among clonally related isolates in the most common disease causing lineage (ST-21 clonal complex). Providing generalizable computationally efficient methods, based upon machine learning and population genetics, we provide a scalable approach to global disease surveillance that can continuously incorporate novel samples for source attribution and identify fine-scale variation in transmission potential.
Conditional knockdown of transformer in sheep blow fly suggests a role in repression of dosage compensation and potential for population suppression
Authors: Williamson Megan E. , Yan Ying , Scott Maxwell J.
Published: October 2021

Thetransformer(tra) gene is essential for female development in many insect species, including the Australian sheep blow fly,Lucilia cuprina. Sex-specifictraRNA splicing is controlled bySex lethal(Sxl) inDrosophila melanogasterbut is auto-regulated inL.cuprina.Sxlalso represses X chromosome dosage compensation in femaleD.melanogaster. We have developed conditionalLctraRNAi knockdown strains using the tet-off system. Four strains did not produce females on diet without tetracycline and could potentially be used for genetic control ofL.cuprina. In one strain, which showed both maternal and zygotic tTA expression, most XX transformed males died at the pupal stage. RNAseq and qRT-PCR analyses of mid-stage pupae showed increased expression of X-linked genes in XX individuals. These results suggest thatLctrapromotes somatic sexual differentiation and inhibits X chromosome dosage compensation in femaleL.cuprina. However, XX flies homozygous for a loss-of-functionLctraknockin mutation were fully transformed and showed high pupal eclosion. Two of five X-linked genes examined showed a significant increase in mRNA levels in XX males. The stronger phenotype in the RNAi knockdown strain could indicate that maternalLctraexpression may be essential for initiation of dosage compensation suppression in female embryos.
“This is not my body”: Therapeutic experiences and post-treatment health of people with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Loveday Marian , Hlangu Sindisiwe , Larkan Lee-Megan , Cox Helen , Daniels Johnny , Mohr-Holland Erika , Furin Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Background

There are few data on the on post-treatment experiences of people who have been successfully treated for rifampicin-resistant (RR-)TB.

Objective

To describe the experiences and impact of RR-TB disease and therapy on post-treatment life of individuals who were successfully treated.

Methods

In this qualitative study in-depth interviews were conducted among a purposively selected sample from a population of individuals who were successfully treated for RR-TB between January 2008 and December 2018. Interview transcripts and notes were analysed using a thematic network analysis which included grounded theory and a framework for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms for post-TB morbidity and mortality. The analysis was iterative and the coding system developed focused on disease, treatment and post-treatment experiences of individuals. This paper follows the COREQ guidelines.

Results

For all 12 participants interviewed, the development of RR-TB disease, its diagnosis and the subsequent treatment were a major disruption to their lives as well as a transformative experience. On diagnosis of RR-TB disease, participants entered a liminal period in which their lives were marked with uncertainty and dominated by physical and mental suffering. Irrespective of how long ago they had completed their treatment, they all remembered with clarity the signs and symptoms of the disease and the arduous treatment journey. Post-treatment participants reported physical, social, psychological and economic changes as consequences of their RR-TB disease and treatment. Many participants reported a diminished ability to perform physical activities and, once discharged from the RR-TB hospital, inadequate physical rehabilitation. For some, these physical limitations impacted on their social life, and ultimately on their psychological health as well as on their ability to earn money and support their families.

Conclusion

The experiences and impact of RR-TB disease and therapy on post-treatment life of individuals successfully treated, highlights gaps in the current health care system that need to be addressed to improve the life of individuals post-treatment. A more holistic and long-term view of post-TB health, including the provision of comprehensive medical and social services for post-treatment care of physical ailments, social re-integration and the mitigation of the perceived fear and risk of getting TB again could be a central part of person-centred TB care.
Effectiveness of lumbar support with built-in massager system on spinal angle profiles among high-powered traffic police motorcycle riders: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mohammad Yusof Nur Athirah Diyana , Karupiah Karmegam , Mohd Tamrin Shamsul Bahri , Rasdi Irniza , How Vivien , Sambasivam Sivasankar , Mohamad Jamil Putri Anis Syahira , K. C. Mani Kulanthayan , Sadeghi Naeini Hassan , Mohd Suadi Nata Dayana Hazwani
Published: October 2021

Traffic police riders are exposed to prolonged static postures causing significant angular deviation of the musculoskeletal, including the lumbar angle (L1-L5). This postural alteration contributes to awkward posture, musculoskeletal disorders and spinal injury, especially in the lower back area, as it is one of the most severe modern diseases nowadays. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of lumbar support with a built-in massager system on spinal angle profiles among traffic police riders. A randomised controlled trial (pre-testpost-test control design) was used to assess spinal angle pattern while riding the high-powered motorcycle for 20 minutes. Twenty-four traffic police riders were randomly selected to participate and 12 riders were assigned to the control group and 12 riders to the experimental group. The pre-test and post-test were conducted at a one-week interval. Each participant was required to wear a TruPosture Smart Shirt (to monitor spinal posture). The TruPosture Apps recorded the spinal angle pattern. The data indicated that the police riders using motorcycle seat with lumbar support and built-in massager system showed a huge improvement in maintaining posture which only involves slight spinal angle deviation changes from the spinal reference angle throughout the 20 minutes ride. The data collected then were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed-ranked test to verify a statistically significant difference between and within the control and experimental groups. There were significant differences in all sensors between the control group and experimental groups (p<0.05) and within the experimental group. According to the findings, it can be said that the ergonomic intervention prototype (lumbar support with built-in massager system) successfully helps to maintain and improve the natural curve of the spinal posture. This indirectly would reduce the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders and spinal injury among traffic police riders.
Genome-wide association studies reveal the role of polymorphisms affecting factor H binding protein expression in host invasion by Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Earle Sarah G. , Lobanovska Mariya , Lavender Hayley , Tang Changyan , Exley Rachel M. , Ramos-Sevillano Elisa , Browning Douglas F. , Kostiou Vasiliki , Harrison Odile B. , Bratcher Holly B. , Varani Gabriele , Tang Christoph M. , Wilson Daniel J. , Maiden Martin C. J.
Published: October 2021

Many invasive bacterial diseases are caused by organisms that are ordinarily harmless components of the human microbiome. Effective interventions against these microbes require an understanding of the processes whereby symbiotic or commensal relationships transition into pathology. Here, we describe bacterial genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Neisseria meningitidis, a common commensal of the human respiratory tract that is nevertheless a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis. An initial GWAS discovered bacterial genetic variants, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) versus carriage in several loci across the meningococcal genome, encoding antigens and other extracellular components, confirming the polygenic nature of the invasive phenotype. In particular, there was a significant peak of association around the fHbp locus, encoding factor H binding protein (fHbp), which promotes bacterial immune evasion of human complement by recruiting complement factor H (CFH) to the meningococcal surface. The association around fHbp with IMD was confirmed by a validation GWAS, and we found that the SNPs identified in the validation affected the 5’ region of fHbp mRNA, altering secondary RNA structures, thereby increasing fHbp expression and enhancing bacterial escape from complement-mediated killing. This finding is consistent with the known link between complement deficiencies and CFH variation with human susceptibility to IMD. These observations demonstrate the importance of human and bacterial genetic variation across the fHbp:CFH interface in determining IMD susceptibility, the transition from carriage to disease.
DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF POLYPHENOL COMPONENTS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF THE PLANT KOENIGIA WEYRICHII GROWING ON THE KOLA PENIN-SULA
Authors: Korovkina Anna Viktorovna , Tsvetov Nikita Sergeyevich , Paukshta Oksana Ivanovna , Shavarda Aleksey Leonidovich , Petrashova Diana Aleksandrovna , Zhirov Vladimir Konstantinovich
Published: October 2021

Flavonoids are valuable polyphenolic compounds that accumulate in plants and have various biological activities. Koenigia Weyrichii (F. Schmidt) T.M. Schust. et Reveal is one of the plants with high flavonoid content in aerial parts. The aim of this work is to compare the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, the total antioxidant and antiradical activity of ethanol extracts obtained from different parts of the K. Weyrichii plant growing in the Arctic zone of Russia, to compare the efficiency of ultrasonic extraction and maceration, and to determine the optimal extraction conditions. The determination of the total content of polyphenolic components was carried out using the Folin-Chocalteu reagent, the total content of flavonoids - using the complexation reaction with aluminum chloride, the total antioxidant activity - using the phosphomolybdate method, and the free radical scavenging - in the reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). An increased yield of flavonoids is observed when maceration is used. According to the data on the total content of flavonoids, the optimal conditions for maceration (time and ratio of the components of the water-ethanol mixture) were determined. K. Weyrichii can be considered as a promising source of flavonoids and cultivated in the Arctic for further use.
Mire mondanak igent a nemek? Elvárt vezetői tulajdonságok a nemek megítélése szerint a Globe-kérdőív értékeinek tükrében
Authors: Rády Eszter Andrea , Szűcs Edit
Published: October 2021

Nők és férfiak a vezetésben. Az Amazon.com oldalon megközelítőleg 2000 könyv foglalkozik a nők és a férfiak vezetési stílusával, vezetési módszerével és vezetési szokásaikkal. A vezetés elméletei gyakran megfeledkeznek azonban a vezetettekről, azokról, akik szintén részt vesznek a vezetésben, csak a másik oldalon állva. A szerzők ebben a tanulmányukban a GLOBE-kérdőív segítségével nemcsak arra keresték a választ, hogy melyek azok a tulajdonságok, amelyek sikeressé teszik a női és a férfi vezetőket, hanem a nemek közötti különbségek is lényegesek voltak. A vizsgálatban alkalmazottak is részt vettek, tükröt tartva a vezetők által fontosnak tartott tulajdonságok elé. A férfiak és nők vezetőként hasonló tulajdonságbázist jelöltek meg, azonban a dolgozói szinteken már elváltak egymástól a válaszok. Vajon hogyan és miért?
FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY WITHIN LANGUAGE REGIONS IN APHASIC PATIENTS DURING REAL-TIME fMRI-BASED NEUROFEEDBACK TRAINING
Authors: Brahma Tapasi , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan , Sylaja PN , Sreedharan Sujesh
Published: October 2021

Stroke is known to disrupt connectivity in the brain in addition to forming scars. This study analyzed the connectivity changes within the language regions and the adjoining brain regions during real-time
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based
neurofeedback training for the rehabilitation of stroke-affected patients with
expressive aphasia. The study hypothesizes that with repeated sessions of the training, a rise in functional connectivity within the language regions will be observed for the aphasic patients.

The experiment was conducted on three groups of subjects: test patients, control patients, and normal participants. Only the test and the normal groups underwent the training. In the training, the subjects exercised language activity covertly to upregulate the Broca’s area. Neurofeedback of the Broca activity (amplified when it is correlated with the Wernicke activity) is visually presented to the subjects to motivate them to improve their performance and stimulate upregulation of functional connectivity of the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas.

The key observations are as follows: For all the groups, a rise in functional connectivity was noticed mostly among the left hemispheric Regions of Interest (ROIs). While comparing the normal group over the test group, ROIs in the
frontal polar region were noticed to have good functional connectivity. While comparing the test group over the control group, ROIs in the
supra parietal, and the
right central opercular regions were found to have good functional connectivity.

This study can contribute to the design of rehabilitative training systems that are tuned to activate the regions that have been observed to show increased functional connectivity.
Geological structure of the gold deposit "Ojerelie" and adjacent territories.
Authors: Titov Dmitrii
Published: October 2021

The article considers the structure, characteristics and gold content of the "Ojerelie" deposit according to the data of geological reports, published articles, fund materials and internal documents, which allowed to summarize and briefly present the geological structure of this area.
Retheorising national assessment of the narrative mode for historical causal explanation in England
Authors: Carroll James Edward
Published: October 2021

In history curriculum design in England, currently at least two loci of authority – the history teachers’ ‘extended writing movement’ and the national awarding body Pearson Edexcel – present somewhat contrasting portrayals of the narrative mode for the purposes of historical causal explanation. Nonetheless, both loci suggest they are reappropriating academic knowledge for the purposes of secondary schooling in a fashion similar to what Basil Bernstein (1986) dubs ‘recontextualisation’. As a practising history teacher, I provide a phenomenological critique of Pearson Edexcel’s specifications for the national GCSE and A-level examinations from the perspective of the extended writing movement’s realisation of the Bernsteinian model, with a specific focus on the narrative mode for the purposes of historical causal explanation. In order to characterise the status of historical narrative in the academic field of production, I draw on analytic philosophies of history, theories of history by practising historians and historical explanations from one historiography: the Salem witch trials. Finally, I make recommendations for future reforms in national history examinations in England: constant revaluation with reference to academic knowledge; the avoidance of specific yet unsustainable claims about the discipline of history generally; and the abandonment of a genre-led assessment in favour of an epistemology-led alternative.
Collective memory and historical narratives: The African American civil rights movement
Authors: Hughes Richard , Drake Brown Sarah
Published: October 2021

This study explores how undergraduates, as historical thinkers, learn to interact with history and construct their understanding of the past, and examines the role that primary and secondary sources play in narrative construction and revision. Using the African American civil rights movement as a content focus, participants used images to create initial narratives that reflected their understanding of the movement. Half the participants then read an essay on the movement written by a prominent historian, and the other half examined 18 primary sources that reflected the historian’s interpretation of the movement. Participants then each created a second narrative, again selecting images to depict their understanding of the movement. The results of the study suggest that even as students work with primary sources, they need an effective narrative framework based on recent scholarship to forge powerful counter-narratives that transcend outdated interpretations and historical myths. In terms of teaching and learning about the lengthy struggle for racial justice in the United States, simply encouraging teachers and students to ‘do history’ and conduct their own online research is unlikely to change persistent narrative structures that continue to enable and excuse systemic racism.
ZMIANY BATYMETRII JEZIORA MIERZYŃSKIEGO
Authors: Choiński Adam , Ptak Mariusz
Published: October 2021

The paper presents an analysis of changes in the bathymetry of Mierzyńskie lake, located in western Poland. It was found that over the last five decades this lake was characterized by exceptional stability in terms of changes in the surface area and volume of water, which decreased by 3.4 ha and 315,000 m3 respectively. The observed situation is quite different in comparison to the literature analysing the issue of lake evolution in Poland (indicating a faster rate of their disappearance). This specificity is due to the nature of the use of the catchment of this lake, which is characterised by an exceptionally high percentage of forest areas (considered to be the most natural) and negligible anthropopressure.
Zebrafish as a model organism – can a fish mimic human?
Authors: Subramanian Subhiksha
Published: October 2021

From pre-historic era, all scientific discoveries have evolved around a concept – THINK BIG but for a change zebrafish as a model organism in research had managed to halt the entire medical community and made us realize that it’s time to think small. From a barely imagined being in research few years ago to around 4,000 publications in just last year, zebrafish has definitely come a long way. Through these tiny fish, scientists have managed to find genes that caused human diseases and have also developed various specific models to know more about the pathology behind such diseases. This review will focus on zebrafish as a model organism from the time it was introduced to the most novel targets with particular emphasis on central nervous system (CNS) as it is rapidly evolving branch in zebrafish research these days. This review will try to shed light on the early stages of zebrafish as a model organism and will try to cover the journey of it developing as a successful model organism to map many diseases like diabetes, Alzheimer’s and autism describing the rationale for using this specific model and briefly the techniques under each category and finally will summarize the pros and cons of the model with its expected future directions.
Judging the judges: evaluating the accuracy and national bias of international gymnastics judges
Authors: Heiniger Sandro , Mercier Hugues
Published: October 2021

We design, describe and implement a statistical engine to analyze the performance of gymnastics judges with three objectives: (1) provide constructive feedback to judges, executive committees and national federations; (2) assign the best judges to the most important competitions; (3) detect bias and persistent misjudging. Judging a gymnastics routine is a random process, and we model this process using heteroscedastic random variables. The developed marking score scales the difference between the mark of a judge and the true performance level of a gymnast as a function of the intrinsic judging error variability estimated from historical data for each apparatus. This dependence between judging variability and performance quality has never been properly studied. We leverage the intrinsic judging error variability and the marking score to detect outlier marks and study the national bias of judges favoring athletes of the same nationality. We also study ranking scores assessing to what extent judges rate gymnasts in the correct order. Our main observation is that there are significant differences between the best and worst judges, both in terms of accuracy and national bias. The insights from this work have led to recommendations and rule changes at the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.
Climate change stressors affecting household food security among Kimandi-Wanyaga smallholder farmers in Murang’a County, Kenya
Authors: Ngure Mary W. , Wandiga Shem O. , Olago Daniel O. , Oriaso Silas O.
Published: October 2021

Climate change hazards including droughts and floods are adversely affecting crop productivity and food security among Kenyan smallholder farmers. This article analyzes rainfall and temperature change effects on household food security in Kimandi-Wanyaga, in Murang’a County, Kenya. Both the meteorological and the community perceptions were analyzed. Monthly rainfall and temperature data for Thika Meteorological Station were analyzed for trends using MAKESENS procedure. The community perceptions data obtained through household survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The study hypotheses were tested using chi-square tests. The community perceived inadequate rainfall during crop growth (79%), reduced rainfall intensity (77%) and erratic onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall (73%) had interrupted their crop productivity. These disagreed with MAKESENS rainfall trends that showed statistically insignificant rainfall variability (α > 0.1). The community’s warmer temperature perceptions agreed with observed rising maximum temperature trend at 0.001 significance level. This study observed a significant relationship between the community’s perceived local rainfall and temperature changes, and household food security. For robust and strategically designed climate policies and programs for food security, governments need to communicate to policy makers the perceptions of smallholder farmers involved in autonomous climate adaptation.
Toward a Peircean logic of meditation
Authors: Raposa Michael L.
Published: October 2021

Peirce’s philosophy, to a great extent, continues to be neglected as a potentially valuable resource for theologians and scholars of religion. This essay represents an attempt to rectify that state of affairs, albeit focused narrowly on how some of Peirce’s ideas might help to illuminate the role that attention plays in transforming consciousness and shaping certain meditative practices. Such practices display a logic consistent with the one that Peirce described in the process of developing his semiotic theory and his theory of inquiry. While his writings on logic are voluminous, Peirce produced only a very few scattered remarks about the “logic of meditation,” broadly conceived. One purpose of this essay is to collect and to examine carefully those remarks. Another is to evaluate their significance for contemporary philosophers of religion who are invested in the task of trying to understand the nature and purpose of meditation, not as a single type of exercise, but in its various forms and manifestations.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 40: A case report and literature review
Authors: Han Fengyue , Su Dan , Qu Chuanqiang
Published: October 2021

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases with ataxia as the main clinical manifestation. The phenotypes, gene mutations, and involved sites of different subtypes show a high degree of heterogeneity. The incidence of SCA varies greatly among different subtypes and the case of SCA40 is extremely rare. The aim of this study is to report a rare case of SCA40 and systematically review the incidence, gene mutation, and phenotype of SCAs, especially SCA40.
Sind Abiturientenberufe immer von Vorteil? Schulbildungsbezogene Segmentation in der Ausbildung und überqualifizierte Beschäftigung bei Männern und Frauen
Authors: Hall Anja
Published: October 2021

Die Berufe des dualen Systems unterscheiden sich nicht nur horizontal nach ihrer fachlichen Ausrichtung, sondern auch vertikal hinsichtlich des schulbildungsspezifischen Zugangs. Im Beitrag werden deshalb ein höheres, ein mittleres und ein niedrigeres Segment unterschieden. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit diese Segmente die Wahrscheinlichkeit beeinflussen, überqualifiziert beschäftigt zu sein, d. h. eine Tätigkeit unterhalb des Ausbildungsniveaus auszuüben. Die Analysen basieren auf den Daten der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018 und logistischen Mehrebenenmodellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Überqualifizierung zwar mit der Höhe des Segments sinkt, der Segmenteffekt jedoch mit dem Geschlecht interagiert. Während sich bei Männern zwischen höherem und mittlerem Segment kein Unterschied im Überqualifizierungsrisiko zeigt, sind die typischen Abiturientenberufe des höheren Segments bei Frauen mit einer deutlich geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit der Überqualifizierung verbunden. Unterschiede zu Männern zeigen sich im höheren Segment nicht.
Abortion: Life-Course Stages and Disruptive Life Events
Authors: Minkus Lara , Drobnič Sonja
Published: October 2021

Pregnancy termination and its interplay with critical life stages and events has rarely been subjected to careful scrutiny in the social sciences, mainly due to a lack of high-quality survey data. Using the first eleven waves (2008–2018) of the German Family Panel Study (pairfam) and employing linear probability models, we examine women and also men with partners who either had induced abortion (N=260 women; N=170 men) or became parents (N=1478 women; N=1220 men). We frame abortion as a social process in which life circumstances and disruptive life events fundamentally shape the decision to carry a pregnancy to term or to discontinue it. We find that teenage or late pregnancy, educational enrollment, previous children, partnership dissolution, and economic uncertainty are associated with induced abortion. Our evidence suggests that abortion decisions are powerfully shaped by life-course contingencies and their complex intertwining.
Publikations- und Evaluationspraktiken in wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften, 1930–2020: Eine Fallstudie
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf
Published: October 2021

Wissenschaft wird häufig als selbstorganisierendes und selbstkontrollierendes System beschrieben, und die wissenschaftliche Fachliteratur mit ihren Peer-Review-Verfahren als das Grundmodell dieser Form der Selbstorganisation. Der Genese dieses Modells wurde jedoch bisher kaum historisch-soziologische Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Die vorherrschende Perspektive hat eher dazu ermutigt, zeitgenössische Ideen über gute und schlechte Wissenschaft auf frühere Epochen zurück zu projizieren. In dieser Arbeit analysiere ich die Geschichte einflussreicher Fachzeitschriften im Bereich der Erziehungswissenschaft. Ich beschäftige mich mit den sich verändernden Erwartungen an Herausgeber und Autoren und gehe näher ein auf die sich ändernde Bedeutung von Peers und Peer Review. Die dominanten Bewertungsmechanismen heben auch die Bedeutung von Peer-Reviewed Publikationen hervor. Insgesamt zeigen diese Analysen, dass die soziale Struktur der Wissenschaft viel weniger stabil ist als oft angenommen. Zu vermuten ist, dass die zunehmende Betonung der Rankings und Impact Faktoren die Selektion von neuen Varianten determinieren wird.
Electrochemical Behaviourof Some Amino Acids as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Sweet Brine
Authors: GonzálezJP León , BustamanteE Onofre , Gómez FJ Rodríguez , Vázquez A Espinoza
Published: October 2021

The effect of concentration and immersion time of phenylalanine (Phe), leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) for AISI 1018 in sweet brine was studied trough Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), polarization resistance (Rp), Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as an ecological and biodegradable alternative as corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical results showed that amino acids are good corrosion inhibitors according to their charge transfer resistance improvement. The effect of immersion time on corrosion behavior was studied trough 24 h with amino acids concentration variation of 0, 10, 100 and 250 ppm. The preliminary results demonstrated that the three amino acids adsorb over metal surface following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, and tend to agglomerate in bulk within time. Keywords: Corrosion Inhibitors; Biodegradable; Amino acids; Sweet brine
Dissociated Role of Thalamic and Cortical Input to the Lateral Amygdala for Consolidation of Long-Term Fear Memory
Authors: Lee Yeji , Oh Jung-Pyo , Han Jin-Hee
Published: October 2021

Post-encoding coordinated reactivation of memory traces distributed throughout interconnected brain regions is thought to be critical for consolidation of memories. However, little is known about the role of neural circuit pathways during post-learning periods for consolidation of memories. To investigate this question, we optogenetically silenced the inputs from both auditory cortex and thalamus in the lateral amygdala (LA) for 15 min immediately following auditory fear conditioning (FC) and examined its effect on fear memory formation in mice of both sexes. Optogenetic inhibition of both inputs disrupted long-term fear memory formation tested 24 h after FC. This effect was specific such that the same inhibition did not affect short-term memory and context-dependent memory. Moreover, long-term memory was intact if the inputs were inhibited at much later time points after FC (3 h or 1 d after FC), indicating that optical inhibition for 15 min itself does not produce any nonspecific deleterious effect on fear memory retrieval. Selective inhibition of thalamic input was sufficient to impair consolidation of auditory fear memory. In contrast, selective inhibition of cortical input disrupted remote fear memory without affecting recent memory. These results reveal a dissociated role of thalamic and cortical input to the LA during early post-learning periods for consolidation of long-term fear memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCoordinated communications between brain regions are thought to be essential during post-learning periods for consolidation of memories. However, the role of specific neural circuit pathways in this process has been scarcely explored. Using a precise optogenetic inhibition of auditory input pathways, either thalamic or cortical or both, to the LA during post-training periods, we here show that thalamic input is required for consolidation of both recent and remote fear memory, whereas cortical input is crucial for consolidation of remote fear memory. These results reveal a dissociated role of auditory input pathways to the LA for consolidation of long-term fear memory.