bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silencing Plato’s Text. On Plutarch’s III Platonic Question
Authors: Donne Carlo Delle
Published: October 2020

Among Plutarch’s Moralia, the Platonicae Quaestiones are ten exegetical exercises on both contradictory and obscure passages of text by Plato. In the third quaestio (1001c-1002e), Plutarch examines a theoretical problem related to the similarity of the “Divided Line” (Resp. 509d6-511e5), i.e. whether the sensible segment is “greater” (meizon, 1001d) than the intelligible one, or vice versa. In briefly summing up the content of the Platonic similarity, Plutarch surprisingly leaves out Plato’s reference to the “criterion” which should mark the difference between the upper and the lower segments of the line: the sapheneia (Resp. 511e: ὥσπερ ἐφ᾽ οἷς ἐστιν  ληθείας μετέχει, οὕτω ταῦτα σαφηνείας ἡγησάμενος μετέχειν). How are we expected to understand this “silence”? My purpose is to demonstrate that Plutarch’s omission is voluntary, since this is meant to provide the quaestio with a more original, step-by-step analytical development, along with a clearer solution. Plutarch’s initial silence gives him the opportunity to accurately argue against any quantitative or materialistic reading of the word meizon. Any interpretation of Plato’s ontology which reduces the intelligible dimension to an “elementary” level (i.e. to one based on elachista) should be rejected. The difference between the sensible segment and the intelligible one (and, hence, the superiority of the latter over the former) has to be described in ontological terms. But sapheneia had this precise meaning in its original Platonic context: so, its omission at the very beginning of the quaestio turns out to be of use to Plutarch in order to guide the reader gradually towards the solution of the zetema.
Um Amuleto Romano no Museu Nacional de Arqueologia
Authors: Correia Virgílio Hipólito
Published: October 2020

Publica-se um amuleto romano do tipo “pedra mágica”, da coleção de Vergílio Correia, que se conserva no Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, sendo provavelmente proveniente de Conimbriga.
Representaciones sociales del riesgo hídrico en el sector inferior de la cuenca del arroyo Napostá Grande: un abordaje histórico-ambiental (1828-2018)
Authors: Mastrandrea Aldana , Pérez María Inés
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las representaciones sociales que diferentes actores del tramo inferior de la cuenca del arroyo Napostá Grande construyeron del curso fluvial, de su espacio circundante y de los principales problemas ambientales asociados con su dinámica, desde 1828 hasta 2018. Para ello, se recurre a la delimitación de cortes temporales sincrónicos con una tendencia diacrónica y a la utilización de técnicas cualitativas y fuentes de datos provenientes del campo de la Geografía Histórica. Se advierte que, en los primeros dos cortes temporales, la relación sociedad-naturaleza era equilibrada ya que el grado de transformación del espacio involucraba cambios leves y se sustentaba en la utilización de los recursos para abastecimiento y defensa. Mientras que, en los siguientes cortes temporales, comienzan a manifestarse los primeros signos de transformación espacial (de leves y moderados a acelerados y vertiginosos) y del cambio de funcionalidad del arroyo y de su espacio fluvial como un sector potencialmente peligroso, pero, al mismo tiempo, representativo del espacio urbano.
Big data en la marca Ciudad de México ante la fragmentación de audiencias
Authors: Carrillo Sánchez Laura Grisel , Garcia Calderón Carola Isabel , Cuevas Contreras Tomás , Ruiz León Alejandro Arnulfo
Published: October 2020

El artículo analiza comportamiento coyuntural en el ámbito mundial, ante el esfuerzo mediático del destino turístico por los mercados dispersos. Al ingreso del Internet, esté ha influenciado los medios de comunicación, así como las nuevas tecnologías, y estas han cambiado vertiginosamente en los primeros tres lustros del siglo XXI, lo cual impactó a las diversas actividades económicas, entre las que destaca el turismo. En consecuencia, el consumidor, ha dejado de tener un papel receptivo, para ser un decisor del material mediático que consume, además de contar con la oportunidad de ser también un proveedor de información. La Ciudad de México (CDMX), como segmento de turismo, no es la excepción, la misma depende de la comunicación de actores públicos y privados, los cuales, aunque poseen determinadas metodologías y herramientas para acceder a sus públicos, se encuentran con una audiencia que decide sobre lo que recibe y opina en las redes sociales. La metodología empleada para la exploración del fenómeno, incluye el análisis documental y el empleo del análisis de redes sociales (ARS) para valorar el papel del Big Data y Smart Data en la marca CDMX ante la fragmentación de audiencias.
Turismo y gestión de marketing. Análisis comparativo entre parques y estaciones de esquí
Authors: Luque Martínez Teodoro , Doña Toledo Luis , Faraoni Nina
Published: October 2020

El turismo de montaña, que incluye estaciones de esquí y áreas naturales protegidas, ha de buscar un equilibrio entre satisfacer las necesidades de los visitantes y el respeto al medio ambiente. En dicha búsqueda, el marketing puede desempeñar un importante papel. Este trabajo trata de responder a la falta de estudios sobre la aplicación del marketing en las actividades de turismo de montaña y, en particular, en la comunicación en redes sociales comparando la aplicación y la percepción que se tiene del marketing en las estaciones de esquí con los parques naturales y nacionales. Para ello se ha realizado una auditoría de marketing preguntando a directivos y técnicos de unos y otros y se han analizado 26 indicadores de redes sociales (Twitter y Facebook). Las estaciones de esquí presentan un mayor enfoque al marketing salvo en aspectos relativos al impacto ambiental. Los resultados muestran la diferente sensibilidad y los aspectos donde hay mayor divergencia, distinguiendo por el grado de importancia como por el grado de adecuación que se les otorga mediante la matriz de importancia-adecuación. También es mayor el dinamismo en redes sociales de las estaciones de esquí.
Short-term effects of sildenafil in the treatment of dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease
Authors: Saetang Karun , Surachetpong Sirilak Disatian
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, has effects in reducing pulmonary arterial pressure by selectively dilating pulmonary vessels. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of sildenafil in combination with conventional therapy in dogs with PH caused by DMVD. Materials and Methods: Fourteen dogs diagnosed with PH secondary to DMVD Stage C on conventional therapy were randomly assigned to placebo (n=7) and sildenafil (n=7) groups. On day 0, the recruited dogs underwent physical examinations, clinical score assessments, electrocardiography, systolic blood pressure measurements, blood collection, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography for baseline. The dogs then received a combination of conventional therapy with sildenafil or placebo every 8 h for 1 week. On day 7, all dogs underwent the baseline evaluations again. Results: The sildenafil group experienced a significant decrease in estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (p=0.043) from day 0 to day 7. Moreover, the total clinical scores were decreased in dogs treated with sildenafil relative to those who received the placebo (p=0.007); however, the lung scores were not different between before and after treatment with sildenafil. Conclusion: Sildenafil had a synergistic effect with conventional therapy in reducing the estimated sPAP and clinical scores in dogs with PH secondary to DMVD.
universidade e a produção do conhecimento sobre violações aos direitos humanos
Authors: Brennand Edna Gusmão de Góes , Silva Alexsander de Carvalho
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo trata sobre o papel das universidades na defesa da vida, da democracia e do estado de direito, e o papel da ciência como geradora de espaços de resistência no cotidiano bem como poderosa ferramenta no desmascaramento do autoritarismo. Nesse contexto, apresenta os resultados da pesquisa sobre a atuação dos perpetradores de violações aos direitos humanos durante a ditadura militar brasileira. A investigação foi realizada pela Rede Interdisciplinar de Estudos da Violência–RIEV, na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, com participação da Universidade de València, na Espanha. Para a análise, foram selecionadas 31 ações penais ajuizadas pelo Ministério Público Federal entre os anos de 2012 e 2018. O objetivo foi averiguar os conceitos que emergem dos dados e que ajudam a compreender o processo de violações aos direitos humanos naquele período. A metodologia do estudo atendeu aos três estágios preconizados pela Teoria Fundamentada Straussiana: a codificação aberta, a codificação axial e a codificação seletiva. Dos dados analisados emergiram três categorias conceituais relevantes para fundamentar a educação para os direitos humanos: banalidade do mal/crueldade, disciplina dos corpos e sofrimento. O estudo vem contribuir para ações de incorporação no currículo escolar do entendimento de que a dignidade humana deve se constituir como valor básico do Estado Democrático de Direito. Permite o reconhecimento de que o ser humano deva ser o centro e o fim do direito e da educação. Neste sentido, o processo educativo deve contribuir para a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana.
Personalidade Autoritária no Brasil em tempos de neoliberalismo e de Coronavírus
Authors: Pucci Bruno
Published: October 2020

A proposta deste artigo é analisar as manifestações antidemocráticas que estão ocorrendo no Brasil neste momento histórico em que o sistema capitalista dominante é o neoliberalismo e seu representante político é Jair Bolsonaro, Presidente da República. Inicialmente serão abordados dois textos de Theodor Adorno – Antissemitismo e propaganda fascista, de 1946 e Estudos sobre a personalidade autoritária, de 1950, com destaque para a Escala F – escala do Fascismo –, para deles se extraírem eixos teórico-metodológicos que lancem luzes sobre a dramática realidade social e política em que o país se encontra mergulhado. Em um segundo momento, com a intencionalidade de se buscar perspectivas de saída, o texto dialogará com três pensadores contemporâneos – Stuenkel, Lago e Brum – que apresentam subsídios para se analisar as evidências autoritárias que se estabeleceram progressivamente no país e possibilidades de superá-las.
A produção do inimigo ou destruição da alteridade: uma análise dos discursos de Jair Bolsonaro
Authors: Júlia Paludo Larissa , Wasen Fraga Gerson
Published: October 2020

Este artigo, elaborado a partir de uma pesquisa de Mestrado que analisa os discursos de Jair Bolsonaro sob o prisma da produção da alteridade ou da diferença, sintetiza os resultados da dissertação e busca apresentar as características e as possíveis consequências do discurso e, por conseguinte, do movimento bolsonarista, no âmbito da produção do inimigo e do ataque aos direitos humanos. A partir da corrente pecheutiana de estudos da linguagem, orientação metodológica do trabalho, são apresentadas e discutidas algumas formações discursivas que estão presentes nos enunciados de Jair Bolsonaro. Tais formações são construídas, no âmbito da pesquisa, a partir da convergência interdisciplinar de estudos culturais, noções identitárias e elementos historiográficos da instituição militar e da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional. A síntese da análise do discurso de Jair Bolsonaro, neste artigo, é feita a partir do texto proferido na abertura da 74ª Assembleia Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas, ocorrido em Nova Iorque, em 24 de setembro de 2019.
Potential role of Zinc supplement in CVD and COVID-19 co-morbidity
Authors: Karim Muhammad , Sultana Shahnaz , Sultana Rokaia , Rahman Mohammad Tariqur
Published: October 2020

As far as the comorbidity is concerned, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) appear to be accounted for the highest prevalence, severity, and fatality among COVID 19 patients. A wide array of causal links connecting CVD and COVID-19 baffle the overall prognosis as well as the efficacy of the given therapeutic interventions. At the centre of this puzzle lies ACE2 that works as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 and functional expression of which is also needed to minimize vasoconstriction otherwise would lead to high blood pressure. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to reduce the functional expression of ACE2. Given these circumstances, it might be advisable to consider a treatment plan for COVID-19 patients with CVD in an approach that would neither aggravate the vasodeleterious arm of RAAS nor compromise the vasoprotective arm of RAAS but is effective to minimize or if possible, inhibit the viral replication. A zinc supplement to the selective treatment plan, to be decided by the clinicians depending on the cardiovascular conditions of the patients, is hereafter proposed that might greatly enhance the therapeutic outcome. Notably, ACE2 is a zinc metalloenzyme and zinc is also known to inhibit viral replication.
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Authors: Named Not
Published: October 2020

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Performance Investigation of a Permanent Magnet DC Machines
using Robust Control Technique
Authors: Jibril Mustefa , Tadese Messay , Bogale Fiseha
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the design and performance investigation of the permanent magnet machines have been done to increase the mechanical and electrical outputs improvement of the systems. A permanent magnet Dc motor (PMDM) and generator (PMDG) have been modelled and designed to improve the angular position and generated current respectively. In this work, augmentation based H 2 optimal and H infinity synthesis controllers have been designed as a controller for the two systems and a comparison between the proposed controller for tracking a reference inputs and a promising results have been obtained.
Bottled Water from National Manufacturers in Somaliland: Water Quality and Health Implications
Authors: Heen Espen , Madar Ahmed Ali
Published: October 2020

(1) Background: Somaliland, the breakaway republic of Northern Somalia, has a growing, commercial bottled water industry, but no available data on end-user water quality. The objective of this study was to do a public health quality assessment of popular brands of bottled water available in Somaliland. (2) Method: Between June and December 2010, 36 bottles with water from eight brands were purposefully sampled from shops in all four parts of Hargeisa city and analysed for 22 physico-chemical, five microbiological and nine informational variables. The findings were compared with international guidelines and the composition tables of the respective brands. (3) Results: The production and expiry dates on 50% of the bottles were inadequately presented. All of the physico-chemical measurements were within healthy limits; however, average pH was 5.6. Discrepancies between the physico-chemical analysis results and the composition table values provided on the bottles were large and significant (p = .018): Individual mineral concentrations could be as low as 1% of labelled values. Undesirable growth of total coliforms where found in 50% of all samples. (4) Conclusions: This study indicates a need for improved cleanliness in the production and distribution system, consistent production date labelling and regular physico-chemical analysis leading to accurate composition tables. There is a need for external monitoring of the quality of water delivered from the bottled water companies in Somaliland in order to prevent adverse public health effects.
Les Partenariats Publics Prives (PPP): d’un concept A un concept contextuel
Authors: BOUZAIDI Chorouk DRISSI EL , JAMA Jihad 
Published: October 2020

Les exigences de l'environnement du territoire sont de plus en plus complexes et en constante évolution, les défis posés par le développement territorial tels que l'amélioration de la performance de la fourniture publique relève une nécessité pour plusieurs pays développés et autres pays en développement, ce qui favorise la pleine mobilisation des différents acteurs Ã l'intérieur du territoire.
Biopolítica en el fin de la vida y reflexión ético-teológica
Authors: Noriega Roberto
Published: October 2020

En la última campaña electoral española algunas propuestas políticas han planteado la posibilidad de legislar sobre el fin de la vida. En este trabajo se quiere dar una visión general de todas las cuestiones implicadas señalando el espacio que la reflexión teológica podría tener en el debate público.

Primero, se indican unos presupuestos antropológicos relacionados con el concepto de persona, su dignidad individual y las responsabilidades que devienen de su condición social. Se recuerda la incertidumbre que encierran los datos médicos y la insuficiencia de la legislación en muchas ocasiones.

Finalmente, se remarca el esfuerzo que la teología moral ha realizado en la racionalización y actualización de sus afirmaciones. Sería injusto y no racional prescindir de sus aportaciones tan válidas como las de cualquier otra opción filosófica.
Editorial policy
Authors: Robertson Catherine
Published: October 2020

The Journal of Vocational, Adult and Continuing Education and Training (JOVACET) recognises the need for critical engagement through studies in TVET and Adult and Continuing education and training, and for encouraging critical scrutiny of this expansive knowledge area on the African continent.
Lenguaje, intersubjetividad y narratividad infantil
Authors: Santamaría Valero Flor Alba
Published: October 2020

Teniendo como marco la orientación interdisciplinaria como lo fue concebida desde la línea de investigación en el campo del lenguaje infantil, en la Maestría en Infancia y Cultura y en la Especialización en Infancia, Cultura y Desarrollo, se tomaron como base inicial algunas nociones como son las de saberes, intersubjetividad, narración y relato por ser fundamentos de la perspectiva de investigación del grupo Lenguaje Discurso y Saberes.
EKSISTENSI SANKSI ADAT JERET NARU DALAM MASYARAKAT GAYO DI KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH
Authors: Surya Achmad , Basri Hasan
Published: October 2020

Masyarakat Gayo merupakan salah satu suku yang berada di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dimana masyarakatnya masih memegang teguh hukum adat. Tindak pidana perzinaan dalam masyarakat adat Gayo merupakan perbuatan sumang (tabu) dan sangat ‘aib. Sanksi yang dijatuhkan kepada seseorang karena terlibat dengan perbuatan zina dan perkawinan satu kampung adalah sanksi adat “Jeret Naru” (Kuburan Panjang) yang berarti pelakunya dianggap hilang, terbuang, dari kampung asalnya. Jenis penelitian ini yuridis empiris dengan memadukan sumber data primer dan data sekunder yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriktif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian eksistensi sanksi adat Jeret Naru pada masyarakat Gayo di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah yaitu di Kampung Linge dan Kampung Asir-Asir masih tetap dipertahankan. Kedua, Kedudukan sanksi adat Jeret Naru perspektif hukum pidana tidak bertentangan dan keberadaan sanksi adat Jeret Naru dapat mengisi kekosongan hukum yang tiada bandingannya di dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DEBITOR PADA PINJAMAN KREDIT DALAM MENINGKATKAN TARAF HIDUP
Authors: Adawiyah Robiatul , Sartono A. Tulus
Published: October 2020

Pinjaman kredit memungkinkan terjadi kredit bermasalah yang berujung pada penjualan agunan yang berimplikasi pada taraf hidup masyarakat (debitor) sehingga sangat penting mengkaji perlindungan hukum debitor pada pinjaman kredit dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengungkap fakta dan menganalisis perlindungan hukum debitor pada pinjaman kredit dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup. Metode penelitiannya adalah penelitian sosio-legal. Perjanjian kredit yang merupakan perjanjian baku memungkinkan adanya kredit bermasalah sehingga dilakukan penjualan agunan. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan peningkatan penjualan agunan dengan Pasal 6 UU HT sebagai primadona dasar penjualannya. Hal ini telah mengusik rasa keadilan masyarakat dibuktikan dengan banyaknya gugatan kepada KPKNL maupun sengketa pengadilan. Perlindungan hukum debitor terhadap pinjaman kredit sejak awal pembuatan perjanjian baku sampai dengan penjualan agunan sangatlah lemah sehingga berdampak pada taraf hidup masyarakat.
HAK CIPTA DAN EKSPLOITASI CIPTAAN LAGU DAERAH KERINCI: PERSPEKTIF PENCIPTA
Authors: Aulia M. Zulfa , Idris Isran
Published: October 2020

Hukum tentang hak cipta memungkinkan seorang pencipta untuk mengontrol dan memonopoli eksploitasi penggunaan ciptaannya dalam bentuk pengumuman dan perbanyakannya. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sekaligus menjelaskan, dalam hal ciptaan itu berupa lagu daerah dalam hal ini lagu daerah Kerinci, bagaimanakah pencipta memaknai hak cipta dan eksploitasi suatu ciptaan. Tulisan ini berasal dari penelitian hukum empiris, dengan analisis terutama pada data primer berupa hasil wawancara dengan pencipta lagu daerah Kerinci. Tulisan ini menunjukkan, hak cipta bagi pencipta lagu daerah Kerinci dipahami tidak selalu tentang hak dan eksploitasi ekonomi, melainkan lebih pada kepuasan, pengakuan, dan kontribusi yang diberikannya kepada masyarakat dan daerah. Karena itu, sekalipun sangat terbatas kalaupun ada keuntungan ekonomi yang diperoleh, pencipta mendapatkan kebanggaan tersendiri.
Синтактико-семантические особенности русских и словацких языковых афоризмов
Authors: Gallo Ján
Published: October 2020

The article compares/contrasts the syntactic and semantic features of language aphorisms in Russian and Slovak. The Russian and Slovak language aphorisms have a priori axiological modality and are capable of referemental use, as potential acts of motivation and acts of affirmation. The expediency of this analysis is due to the fact that the illocutionary force has national and cultural specifics, which is manifested at all levels of language, speech and discourse. The object of the article is Russian and Slovak proverbs, sayings and winged expressions, in which the value bases of interpersonal speech communication are focused. A group of examples of the greatest illocutionary force is given, i.e. speech acts of prompting, then affirmative speech acts, as well as speech acts of inducement and affirmations that acquire additional illocutionary power. The taxonomy of the illocutionary force contained in Russian and Slovak folk aphorisms takes the following outlines: a) the most illocutionary power is speech acts of motivation, in which proverbs are used; b) affirmative speech and behavioral acts, which are evaluative aphorisms, have the status of passing thoughts with a light touch of lax edification, warning, or wish, and therefore, their illocutionary force is less pronounced; c) speech acts of inducement and affirmation acquire additional illocutionary force if the proverbs used in them retain the connotation of an authoritative original source. In the last part of the text, conclusions of the presented issue are drawn.
Małżeństwo w językowym obrazie świata. Na przykładzie paremii w języku polskim, rosyjskim i angielskim
Authors: Kuligowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The essence of marriage is being widely discussed in the last few decades in many social circles and at many different levels. From the linguistic point of view it is usually characterised on the basis of man’s and woman’s roles in their relationship. The aim of the paper is to present the view of marriage in Polish, Russian and English proverbial phrases. For the purposes of the article about 350 Polish and Russian and about 300 English proverbs have been subjected to cognitive analysis. The research proves that the concept of marriage is roughly universal in all three languages and it presents definitely an androcentric perspective. Wives in proverbs are shown in a very unfavourable light as grouchy, quarrelsome, unfaithful and narrow-minded human beings. Marriage reflected in sayings is usually a burden which diminishes man’s happiness and may even lead to his sickness, fast aging and death. What is more, quite a lot of proverbial phrases in all three languages under study foster violence against women. The concept of marriage presented in proverbs is undoubtedly a reflection of the old way of thinking and the old system of values, but the preliminary research of anti-proverbs, i.e. more modern expressions, proves that it has not undergone any fundamental changes in the language awareness of the Polish, Russian and English native speakers.
Сравнительный анализ современных тенденций развития украинской и русской терминографической критики
Authors: Петрова Татьяна
Published: October 2020

Compiling special dictionaries in Ukraine and Russia has its own history, national specifics, significant achievements and groundworks. Terminological dictionaries play an important role – they preserve and transmit the scientific terminology fund from generation to generation, which necessitates a critical examination of each specific publication. Terminographic criticism is an integral, interdisciplinary direction which is formed simultaneously on the basis of scientific criticism and scientific communication combining their features. As a result of the study, it was established that modern Ukrainian and Russian critics in their reviews adhere to the same principles to examine terminological dictionaries: the intention to comprehensively analyse, first of all, definition and translation publications as well as reference dictionaries, regarding the representation of their mega-, macro- and microstructure parameters; determining the national and linguacultural values of branch dictionaries. The potential importance of the practical application of the results lies in improving the theoretical and methodological principles and foundations of compiling terminological dictionaries, as well as their use in the development of new models of special publications, in particular dictionaries of a new type, which will comprehensively present the terminology of a certain field of science.
Лексические инновации в мемосфере: названия мемных жанров
Authors: Makarowska Olga
Published: October 2020

The development of the Internet gave life to Internet memes. Their diversity and rapid growth contributed to the formation of the memosphere, the development of which is accompanied by the emergence of lexical innovations. These include language memes and the names of meme genres. All of them are the result of linguistic creativity, which in relation to the names of meme genres, covers several stages: English loanwords for the name of the meme genre, their adaptation in Russian, changes in semantics, and preference for specific neologisms. The concept of lexical innovation was apprehended on the foundation of Markovsky’s concept. The study of lexical innovations was carried out within the framework of the structural-semantic direction, as well as on the basis of the theory of Kotelova and the concepts of Rakhmanova and Suzdaltseva. Studies have shown that semantic changes in the names of meme genres are associated with a denotation change. Changes in the semantics of word loaning are very dynamic as English loanwords enable the swift naming of new realities. This tendency towards the internationalization of vocabulary is related to the Internet and the memosphere. The obtained results fill the gap in the study of vocabulary related to the memosphere. A few studies of meme genres relate to their description and analysis, yet do not focus on the semantic and graphic modification of loanwords. This work presents the unprecedented mechanisms and stages of the formation of meme genres names.
Dobroczynność w Rosji w świetle publikacji w czasopismach i almanachach literackich pierwszej połowy XIX wieku
Authors: Dąbrowska Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The article presents the publications in the periodical “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” and the literary almanac Podarok bednym in the light of the development of charity in Russia (motives, forms, results): 1. The publications of Alexander Sturdza (About social charity, About private charity), Pyotr Shalikov etc.; 2. The charity institutions in the capital and the provinces; 3. The charity initiatives of women and the Russian writers. “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” (the monthly magazine) was published in St. Petersburg from 1817 to 1826. It contained, among other elements, information and reports about the activity of philanthropists and charity institutions, and literary works (Hymn to love for a man by Pyotr Shalikov). Podarok bednym was published in Odessa in 1834 (the motto was a quotation from the Aeneid by Vergil: “Miseris succurrere disco”) by a women’s benevolent society. It contained the commentaries and works of belles-lettres. The paper compares “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” and Podarok bednym (the “common places”, for instance the articles by Alexander Strudza About social charity published in “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” in 1817 and in Podarok bednym in 1834). It presents also the discussions about charity in the Russian periodicals in the first half of the 19th century.
Intelektualista w łagrze. Perspektywa Julija Margolina
Authors: Lenart Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to attempt to discuss the report of Yuliy Margolin from the Soviet Gulag. A Journey to the Land of Ze-Ka is an original work, written from the perspective of a prisoner, who is mostly an intellectual, a philosopher, an excellent observer and interpreter of European reality. The author of the article tries to prove that for Margolin the superior value in the Gulag is the mind, which wins over emotions and thanks to that allows to preserve dignity and humanity. The analysis of identity, carried out by Margolin, allows us to read his testimony in the context of contemporary identity research in extreme situations, where instead of building up our own self, we are fighting for our moral values. As it turns out, the basic foundation of identity is freedom. The article also undertakes a preliminary analysis of Margolin’s concept of hate as the most destructive force for the human individual and the intellect. The mind, according to Margolin, effectively defends freedom, and hate kills free thought, destroys goodness, and consequently leads to dehumanization. The research allows us to call Margolin a rationally thinking humanist, an intellectual who is against historical fatalism, who constantly analyses current events and human behaviour, without losing faith in the mind and the human individual.
Потенциал иронии в творчестве Людмилы Петрушевской (на примере романа Нас украли. История преступлений)
Authors: Брюханова Юлия
Published: October 2020

Many researchers of Lyudmila Petrushevskaya’s works draw attention to the irony which is the significant element of her prose, drama and poetry. It is important that the ironic principle manifests itself not only as an artistic technique but also as a philosophical aspect. Irony demonstrates the ambivalence of reality. On the one hand, it ridicules and profanes everything. On the other hand, irony gives the certitude of the ontological status of reality. We can see a good example of this function of irony in the novel Nas ukrali. Istoriya prestupleniy (2017). This novel shows the common features of Petrushevskaya’s works – the unity of ironic potential and language. In this case, language is not only the style but first of all the ontological element. This is why the language becomes almost a character in Petrushevskaya’s novel. Irony opens the vital potential of the linguistic personality. As a result, one of the heroes imitates foreign speech but doesn’t speak a foreign language. Irony also helps to reveal the ambivalent nature of life. It shows that our “umora” in Sanskrit and in ancient Indian is “humour” and “death”. So, the game and profanity not only reduce the status of the hero, the image, or the reader’s expectations but, first of all, fill the gap between words, ideas, feelings, and people.
Fatalne zauroczenie (Wiktor Pielewin, Miłość do trzech Zuckerbrinów)
Authors: Zywert Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze an increasingly dangerous phenomenon in modern times – the Internet addiction – in the context of contemporary Russian literature. It seems that in this light, the work of Viktor Pelevin can serve as a perfect example of a literary voice in the discussion about the condition of the modern world. The present paper uses the findings of modern technology experts (e.g. Clifford Stoll), philosophers, and sociologists (e.g. Jean Baudrillard, Kazimierz Krzysztofek). In Viktor Pelevin’s novel entitled Love for Three Zuckerbrins (Любовь к трeм цукербринам, 2014) the author continues his analysis of the problem, already marked in The Helmet of Horror (Шлем ужаса: Креатифф о Тесее и Минотавре, 2005), centered on the impact of the development of the latest technologies on human beings. While in the author’s earlier works this issue remained in the sphere of predictions and guesses, here it is unequivocally resolved to the detriment of the human individual. By touching upon the question of popular games for people, Pelevin shows their real role – playing with people. In this context the abovementioned attraction to simple entertainment has irreversible effects – a win in an Internet game means a failure in real life. While advocating unequivocally on the side of the opponents of the adulation for cyberspace, Pelevin points out that a complete unification with it will lead to the end of humanity.
Novel therapies for acromegaly
Authors: Maia Bernardo , Kasuki Leandro , Gadelha Mônica R
Published: October 2020

Acromegaly is a systemic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Most of these comorbidities can be prevented or delayed with adequate disease treatment. Although three modalities of treatment (surgery, medical treatment, and radiotherapy) are available and new drugs were approved in the last decades, there are still some patients that maintain disease activity despite treatment. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapies for acromegaly and for that purpose new formulations of currently used drugs and also new drugs are currently under study. In this review, we summarize the novel therapies for acromegaly.
Eficiencia del arbitraje en la garantía del derecho de acceso a la administración de justicia
Authors: Sánchez Arteaga Sonia , Rodríguez Castillo Faisury
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo tiene como propósito determinar la relación que existe entre el arbitraje como mecanismo alternativo de solución de conflictos y el derecho de acceso a la justicia, observado desde la facultad transitoria otorgada a los particulares en la Constitución de 1991 para administrar justicia, lo cual facilita el acceso y la desjudicialización del mismo, en el entendido de que el arbitraje cumple una función jurisdiccional y por tanto su configuración y procedimiento se enmarca dentro de la función pública. La justicia arbitral es una manifestación de la efectividad del derecho de acceso a la administración de justicia porque no solo reduce los tiempos de respuesta al conflicto; sino que profiere una decisión que, en el marco del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, posee los mismos efectos de una sentencia judicial lo que reafirma a este mecanismo como el idóneo para resolver las controversias suscitadas en el marco de la contratación pública.
Adecuación de la acción de lesividad a los medios de control contemplados en la Ley 1437 de 2011
Authors: Torregrosa Jiménez Rodolfo , Villalba García Nayibe Alexandra
Published: October 2020

En amparo de la exigencia de armonizar los actos administrativos con el ordenamiento jurídico que le es superior, se consagró en la Ley 1437 de 2011, en el apartado que trata la revocatoria directa de actos administrativos con incidencia en situaciones particular y concretas, la obligación a la entidad que emitió la decisión, de demandar la misma ante la Jurisdicción de lo Contencioso Administrativo, para de esa forma expelerla del orden legal.

No obstante, este asomo de actuación judicial no es desarrollada en la mencionada Ley, por lo que su uso y comprensión refleja una diversidad de planteamientos tanto jurídicos como doctrinarios, especialmente en torno al mecanismo que debe ser utilizado por el ente accionante para acceder a la administración de justicia, frente a su pretensión de lesividad, por cuanto los medios de control enlistados en este Código no hacen referencia específica a esta modalidad de pretensión.

Así las cosas, en este artículo se presenta parte de la discusión que se ha forjado en el escenario jurídico colombiano, a partir de la Ley 1437 de 2011, respecto a la llamada acción de lesividad, atendiendo un elemento sustancial en la adecuación de un medio de control a una pretensión específica, cual es la caducidad. Del mismo modo, se evidencia la evolución de la herramienta procesal en lesividad, para ultimar la comprensión que en la actualidad se tiene sobre la misma.
The Broad Transcription Factor Links Hormonal Signaling, Gene Expression, and Cellular Morphogenesis Events During Drosophila Imaginal Disc Development
Authors: Rice Clinton , Macdonald Stuart J , Wang Xiaochen , Ward Robert E
Published: October 2020

Imaginal disc morphogenesis during metamorphosis in Drosophila provides an ideal system for studying the hormonal control of morphogenesis. During metamorphosis, ecdysone signaling initiates a gene regulatory network.....
“Hysterical Shrieks of the Cherubim” (Concerning a Textual Incident in the History of the Text of The Brothers Karamazov)
Authors: Tikhomirov Boris
Published: October 2020

The article deals with a textual incident that occurred in the history of the publication of the chapter “Hell. Ivan Fedorovich’s nightmare” from the novel The Brothers Karamazov. When sending the manuscript of the chapter to “Russkiy Vestnik” (“Russian Bulletin”) for publication, in the cover letter to N. A. Lyubimov Dostoevsky expressed concern that the journal’s editorial staff might find the words “hysterical shrieks of the cherubim,” pronounced by the devil, obscene. The writer insisted on the absolute artistic justification of such an expression coming from the lips of his infernal character, begging Lyubimov to leave this version in print. However, he foresaw censorship difficulties and offered a backup version to replace the line (“if you can’t”): “joyous cries of the cherubim,” adding with regret that it will sound stylistically dissonant. As a result, the journal published the compromise version devised by N. A. Lyubimov, namely “joyful shrieks of the cherubim.” Although Dostoevsky’s letter clearly expressed his attitude to the “backup” versions, in a separate edition, which was published immediately after the magazine, he reproduced the devil’s remark exactly as it was printed in the “Russkiy Vestnik”. In the academic Complete Works of Dostoevsky, the printed version was “canonized” as an expression of the last author’s will of the writer. The article challenges this textual decision and justifies the need to revert to the version contained in the typeset manuscript, as it is reconstructed from Dostoevsky’s letter to Lyubimov: “hysterical shrieks of the cherubim”.
“The Jack of Hearts Club” in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel The Raw Youth
Authors: Borisova Valentina , Schaulov Sergey
Published: October 2020

The article examines the criminal storyline in The Raw Youth by F. M. Dostoevsky as part of real-life and historical and literary commentary on the novel. The matter has significant links to the facts and persons associated with the “Kumanin inheritance case.” It turned out to be “unfortunate” and “haunted” because of the initial criminal background associated with the activities of the famous criminal community of the 1870s, namely, “The Jack of Hearts Club”. Among its members was Alexander Timofeevich Neofitov, the first executor of the will of A. F. Kumanina. We can presume that he became the prototype of the leader of the “gang,” which included Lambert, Stebelkov and other “cunning scammers” depicted in the novel. Vsevolod Alekseevich Dolgorukov, a prince and tradesman, was also one of the “red jacks,” which could have led Dostoevsky to endow the hero of his novel with a similar surname. The article provides new facts confirming that the typical features of V. A. Dolgorukov are reflected in the characteristics of the young prince Sokolsky. Secondly, two previously unrecognized literary sources of Dostoevsky’s work, namely, novels by the French writer Ponson du Terrail, The Jack of Hearts Club and Secrets of Paris, which were popular in Russia at that time. Their characters, Mrs. St. Alphonse, or Alfonsina, involved in scheming with incriminating papers, and Captain Lambert, depicted as the embodiment of all human vices, are the prototypes of the namesake heroes in Dostoevsky’s novel. All of the above made it possible to conclude that intentional artistic contamination of the historical and biographical narrative, criminal chronicle and literary tradition occurred in The Raw Youth.
Screeners vs. Non-screeners for Colorectal Cancer among People over 50 Years of Age: Factual and Psychological Discriminants
Authors: Ciucă Andrada , Moldovan Ramona , Pintea Sebastian , Dumitrașcu Dan , Băban Adriana
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent form of cancer worldwide, and approximately one third of cases have a positive family history of CRC or associated cancers. Colonoscopy is one of the most effective methods of screening for CRC. Uptake of colonoscopy is suboptimal, and many countries lack a national screening programme. Our study aims at exploring and ranking several factual and psychological variables according to their accuracy in discriminating between screeners and non-screeners for CRC in a convenience sample of people over 50 years of age.

Methods: The study included 103 individuals aged over 50 years, recruited from day centres for the elderly. We explored socio-demographic variables, frequency of colonoscopy, previous recommendations for screening, health literacy and family history of cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to establish the discriminative value for each variable between the positive and negative decision for colonoscopy screening. Areas under the curve (AUC) and their equivalent Cohen‘s d values were calculated.

Results: Almost a quarter (25.75%) of participants reported previous colonoscopy screening. ROC curve analysis shows that colonoscopy uptake is best discriminated by perceived benefits of screening (AUC=0.71, d=0.78, p<0.001), previous recommendations for screening (AUC=0.68, d=0.69, p<0.001) and previous recommendations for preventive measures (AUC=0.67, d=0.64, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Recommendations from healthcare professionals lead to improved colonoscopy uptake when emphasising the benefits of screening. Results can further inform psychosocial interventions by bringing empirical evidence to emphasize screening benefits and explicit recommendations for individuals at risk for CRC cancer.
Endorotor-Based Endoscopic Necrosectomy as a Rescue or Primary Treatment of Complicated Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis. A Case Series
Authors: Rizzatti Gianenrico , Rimbas Mihai , Impagnatiello Michele , Gasbarrini Antonio , Costamagna Guido , Larghi Alberto
Published: October 2020

Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) is a cumbersome, time-consuming procedure that can be necessary in cases of infected pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) not responding to endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)- guided drainage only. Until now, DEN has been performed with non-dedicated devices, thus requiring multiple, long-lasting sessions to achieve adequate clearance of necrotic content. These results in prolonged hospital stay, increased costs and have potential consequences for patients who must undergo multiple endoscopic interventions under sedation. We report four cases of DEN performed in patients with WON after EUS-guided drainage with the Endorotor system, a new morcellator device specifically designed to perform the procedure.
Liver Adverse Outcome Pathways: What’s in for the Hepatologist?
Authors: Vinken Mathieu
Published: October 2020

Adverse outcome pathways are tools to capture and visualize mechanisms underlying adverse effects, and are currently emerging in the areas of toxicology and chemical risk assessment. Less attention has yet been paid to potential clinical applications of adverse outcome pathways, including in the hepatology field. Liver adverse outcome pathways can serve the development and optimization of the clinically relevant animal models of liver diseases for fundamental and translational research as well as for testing new liver therapeutics. They also can aid the characterization of novel and more specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of liver disease. Full clinical exploitation in these directions requires further technical optimization of adverse outcome pathways as well as intensive interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration.
Safety Profile of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir in Hepatitis C in Romania: an Analysis Conducted in VigiBase®/ WHO
Authors: Cazacu Irina , Stroe Roxana , Dondera Roxana , Apan Bogdan , Farcas Andreea , Cristina Anamaria , Bucsa Camelia , Mogosan Cristina
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims: Due to the increasing number of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients being treated with direct antiviral agents (DAAs) in Romania, we aimed to conduct a pharmacovigilance study in order to comprehensively evaluate the safety profile for the ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir (Om/Pa/Ri+Da) regimen.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the individual case safety reports (ICSRs), extracted from VigiBase® on 1 st February 2018, which included the Om/Pa/Ri+Da regimen as suspected for causing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were checked for all concomitant medication using the IBM Micromedex® tool.

Results: Among the 1,102 ICSRs retrieved, 260 were serious (23.5%). Ribavirin was significantly associated with more ADRs reported per case (on average 5.1 vs. 3.2 ADRs/case, p<0.001). Most commonly reported ADRs were pruritus (6.8%), fatigue (5.4%), dizziness (4.3%) and headache (3.8%). For the serious ICSRs, a significant relationship was found between age and renal and urinary disorders, and between gender and neoplasms, injury, poisonings and procedural complications. Hepatotoxicity was identified in six ICSRs, four of them being serious. Potential contraindicated DDIs were identified in 1.9% of all ICSRs and major DDIs in 20.4%.

Conclusions: About a third of the ICSRs related to Om/Pa/Ri+Da regimen were serious. Pruritus, fatigue, dizziness and headache were the most commonly reported ADRs. The frequent use of multiple co- medications in HCV-infected patients requires the consideration of potential DDIs when using the Om/ Pa/Ri+Da regimen.