bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We love, they hate: Emotions in affective polarization and how partisans may use them
Authors: Versteegen Peter Luca
Published: January 2024

What emotions do affectively polarized individuals report, and how? While affect is a broad term, research suggests that different emotions predict distinct political behaviors. Therefore, it is vital to understand what emotions partisans report. However, as research on motivated reasoning suggests that people process information consistent with their partisan mind, I argue that they may not necessarily report the emotions they feel. Instead, they may ascribe normatively desirable emotions to their ingroup and normatively undesirable emotions to opposing outgroups. Doing so makes their ingroup distinct from and superior to outgroups. This article develops and showcases this argument. I analyze data in which affective polarization was likely high—interviews with radical‐right voters conducted before a major election—to illustrate what emotions partisans report and how. The discussion invites future research to test how affective polarization correlates with single emotions and whether partisans strengthen polarization by how they talk about emotions.
Biological processes and factors involved in soft and hard tissue healing
Authors: Bartold Mark , Ivanovski Saso
Published: January 2024

Wound healing is a complex and iterative process involving myriad cellular and biologic processes that are highly regulated to allow satisfactory repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. This review is intended to be an introductory chapter in a volume focusing on the use of platelet concentrates for tissue regeneration. In order to fully appreciate the clinical utility of these preparations, a sound understanding of the processes and factors involved in soft and hard tissue healing. This encompasses an appreciation of the cellular and biological mediators of both soft and hard tissues in general as well as specific consideration of the periodontal tissues. In light of good advances in this basic knowledge, there have been improvements in clinical strategies and therapeutic management of wound repair and regeneration. The use of platelet concentrates for tissue regeneration offers one such strategy and is based on the principles of cellular and biologic principles of wound repair discussed in this review.
The stimulus‐driven and representation‐driven cross‐modal attentional spreading are both modulated by audiovisual temporal synchrony
Authors: Zhao Song , Ma Fangfang , Xie Jimei , Zhou Yuxin , Feng Chengzhi , Feng Wenfeng
Published: January 2024

Multisensory integration and attention can interact in a way that attention to the visual constituent of a multisensory object results in an attentional spreading to its ignored auditory constituent, which can be either stimulus‐driven or representation‐driven depending on whether the object's visual constituent receives extra representation‐based selective attention. Previous research using simple unrelated audiovisual combinations has shown that the stimulus‐driven attentional spreading is contingent on audiovisual temporal simultaneity. However, little is known about whether this temporal constraint applies also to the representation‐driven attentional spreading, and whether it holds for the stimulus‐driven process elicited by real‐life multisensory objects. The current event‐related potential study investigated these questions by systematically manipulating the visual‐to‐auditory stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA: 0/100/300 ms) in an object‐selective visual recognition task wherein the representation‐driven and stimulus‐driven spreading processes, measured as two distinct auditory negative difference (Nd) components, could be isolated independently. Our results showed that both the representation‐driven and stimulus‐driven Nds decreased as the SOA increased. Interestingly, the representation‐driven Nd was completely absent, whereas the stimulus‐driven Nd was still robust, when the auditory constituents were delayed by 300 ms. These findings not only indicate that the role of audiovisual simultaneity in the representation‐driven attentional spreading has been underestimated, but also suggest that learned associations between the unisensory constituents of real‐life objects render the stimulus‐driven attentional spreading more tolerant of audiovisual asynchrony.
The role of hormones in ILC2‐driven allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Dai Zhongling , Gong Zhande , Wang Cui , Long WeiXiang , Liu Duo , Zhang Haijun , Lei Aihua
Published: January 2024

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a type of innate immune cells that produce a large amount of IL‐5 and IL‐13 and two cytokines that are crucial for various processes such as allergic airway inflammation, tissue repair and tissue homeostasis. It is known that damaged epithelial‐derived alarmins, such as IL‐33, IL‐25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are the predominant ILC2 activators that mediate the production of type 2 cytokines. In recent years, abundant studies have found that many factors can regulate ILC2 development and function. Hormones synthesized by the body's endocrine glands or cells play an important role in immune response. Notably, ILC2s express hormone receptors and their proliferation and function can be modulated by multiple hormones during allergic airway inflammation. Here, we summarize the effects of multiple hormones on ILC2‐driven allergic airway inflammation and discuss the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic significance.
Incidence of formation of anti‐D between patients with and without a history of solid organ transplant
Authors: Wali Junaid Ahmad , Abdelmonem Mohamed , Nguyen AnhThu , Shan Hua , Pandey Suchitra , Yunce Muharrem
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Solid organ transplant surgeries including liver transplants constitute a substantial risk of bleeding complications and given frequent national blood shortages, supporting D‐negative transplant recipients with D‐negative red blood cell products perioperatively can be difficult for the transfusion services. This study was designed to compare the incidence of alloimmunization after D‐mismatched red cell transfusions between patients with and without a history of solid organ transplant at a single tertiary care hospital. The patients undergoing solid organ transplants are on strong immunosuppressive regimens perioperatively to help reduce the risk of rejection. We hypothesized that the use of these immunosuppressive agents makes these patients very less likely to mount an immune response and form anti‐D antibodies when exposed to the D‐positive red blood cell products perioperatively.

Study Design and Methods

At our center, D‐negative patients who received ≥1 unit of D‐positive red blood cell products were identified using historical transfusion records. Antibody testing results were examined to determine the incidence of the formation of anti‐D and any other red cell alloantibodies after transfusion and these results were compared between patients with and without a history of solid organ transplant.

Results

We were able to identify a total of 22 patients over 10 years with D‐negative phenotype who had undergone a solid organ transplant and had received D‐positive red blood cell products during the transplant surgeries. We also identified a second group of 54 patients with D‐negative phenotype who had received D‐positive red blood cell products for other indications including medical and surgical.

A comparison of the data showed no new anti‐D formation among patients with a history of D mismatched transfusion during solid organ transplant surgeries.

Conclusion

Among our limited study population, we observed a very low likelihood of D alloimmunization among solid organ transplant recipients. A larger, prospective study could help further evaluate the need for prophylactic D matching for red cell transfusions during solid organ transplant surgeries.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BATTERY TEMPERATURE UNDER CONSTANT DISCHARGE RATE
Authors: Fahruddin A. , Che Daud Zul Hilmi , Asus Zainab , Mazali Izhari Izmi
Published: January 2024

This research is about an experimental study of battery temperature under constant discharge rate.  This study consider constant discharge rates, constant air velocities, gap between battery cells in the battery module and placement of Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) sensors to achieve the objective of this experiment studies.  The relationship of temperature and discharge rates for different point on battery cell surface is compared.  The Lithium-ion battery cells are discharged with a constant discharge current in this experiment.  The heat generation on the battery surface as a function of discharge time are linked to the LabVIEW software.  An axial fan creates constant air velocities that help in removing heat away from battery module during discharge process.  The factors that are considered in this experiment are the discharging rate, air velocities and the thermal behaviour of the Lithium-ion battery cell on various point across the battery surface.
TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF PERFLUOROPOLYETHER (PFPE)-BASED GREASE FOR POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN AUTOMOTIVE BEARINGS
Authors: Mohamed Ariffin Nur Aisya Affrina , Hong Pui Yee , Mei Bao Lee , Hamdan Siti Hartini , William Woei Fong Chong
Published: January 2024

This study aims to evaluate the tribological performance of various commercially available perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based greases in order to assess their potential application in automotive bearings. The composition and specification of the greases are taken into consideration for the analysis. The thermal oxidative stability of the selected grease is determined through oxidative thermo-gravimetric analysis test. Subsequently, the greases are evaluated for their frictional and wear behaviour using a ball-on-disk tribometer. To assess the wear condition of the ball and disk, a digital microscope with Amscope software is employed. The study reveals a scarcity of PFPE lubricant applications in the automotive sector. Among the greases tested, GPL 205 exhibits the highest thermal oxidative stability, characterized by the highest onset temperature of 321°C. Conversely, GPL 215 demonstrates superior friction reduction and anti-wear properties.
FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF GREASE LUBRICATED CONTACT AT DIFFERENT OPERATING REGIMES OF LUBRICATION
Authors: Mohamed Ariffin Nur Aisya Affrina , Aezim Mohammad Aedib , Padillah Mohd Niza , Chiew Tin Lee , Mei Bao Lee , Hamdan Siti Hartini , William Woei Fong Chong
Published: January 2024

The implementation of electric vehicles introduces new tribological challenges, specifically for bearing systems. Up to 90% of the electric motor rolling bearing is reported to be lubricated by grease. However, the improper selection of grease types can result in premature rupture of the lubricant film due to excessive heat generation during operation. This paper focuses on analysing the frictional behaviour of various commercially available greases intended for use in bearing systems of passenger cars, considering the same mineral base oil with different types of thickener. To study the frictional and wear behaviour, a ball-on-disc friction tester is used to test the selected greases. Experimentally, the studies greases showed similar Stribeck curve trend showing that thickener used in grease plays crucial role in influencing the friction and wear properties. Thus, present study helps to provide knowledge for optimisation of grease for electric motors.
EFFECT OF INTERMEDIATE ESTERS TOWARDS BOUNDARY LUBRICITY OF PALM METHYL ESTER
Authors: Lee Chiew Tin , Low Hong Lian , Lee Mei Bao
Published: January 2024

Mechanism of methanolysis, using vegetable oil, methanol, and base-catalyze, is generally used to produce methyl ester. This method is also utilized for the kinetic study of the transesterification process based on the formation of fatty acid methyl esters to differentiate among the intermediate esters (e.g., triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride, methyl esters). In the present study, the effect of intermediate ester content of palm oil transesterified with methanol, using potassium hydroxide as base-catalyze, was investigated. The operating conditions of transesterification used were the molar ratio of oil to methanol (1:7), the concentration of catalysis (1.0 wt% based on palm oil) with fixed reaction temperature of 55°C at reaction times of 0.5 and 60 minutes. A kinetic model was then adopted to determine the concentra tion of each intermediate esters. Boundary frictional analyses were conducted using lateral force microscopy (LFM) with different tip sliding velocities and applied normal loads. The experimental results obtained demonstrated that high triglyceride content exhibited better boundary frictional properties across tested tip sliding velocities and normal loads.
SIMULATING ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVING CYCLES WITH A HARDWARE-IN-LOOP (HIL) SYSTEM
Authors: Emir Dzikran Badardin  , Abu Bakar Saiful Anuar
Published: January 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining attention as a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper proposes system architecture of a Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) system to explore simulating the electric vehicle (EV) driving cycles using HIL testing approach. The HIL system uses an Arduino DUE as the controller, connecting MATLAB Simulink to an RC Car acting as the EV. It employs an L298N motor driver, B25, and ACS712 sensors to measure voltage and current behavior from an 11.1V 4200mAh Lithium-Ion battery. Simulink's GUI allows users to select desired driving cycles for simulation. Results show that the voltage decreases with speed, while the current increases as expected across various driving cycles (NEDC, WHVC, WLTP Class 1, UDDS, and SC03). This success confirms the HIL system's architecture capability to simulate and monitor battery discharging trends in terms of their voltage and current.
Access to cancer clinical trials for racialised older adults: an equity-focused rapid scoping review protocol
Authors: Li Vivian , Alibhai Shabbir M H , Noel Kenneth , Fazelzad Rouhi , Haase Kristin , Mariano Caroline , Durbano Sara , Sattar Schroder , Newton Lorelei , Dawe David , Bell Jennifer A , Hsu Tina , Wong Sabrina T , Lofters Aisha , Bender Jacqueline L , Manthorne Jackie , Puts Martine T E
Published: January 2024

Background

The intersection of race and older age compounds existing health disparities experienced by historically marginalised communities. Therefore, racialised older adults with cancer are more disadvantaged in their access to cancer clinical trials compared with age-matched counterparts. To determine what has already been published in this area, the rapid scoping review question are: what are the barriers, facilitators and potential solutions for enhancing access to cancer clinical trials among racialised older adults?

Methods

We will use a rapid scoping review methodology in which we follow the six-step framework of Arksey and O’Malley, including a systematic search of the literature with abstract and full-text screening to be conducted by two independent reviewers, data abstraction by one reviewer and verification by a second reviewer using an Excel data abstraction sheet. Articles focusing on persons aged 18 and over who identify as a racialised person with cancer, that describe therapies/therapeutic interventions/prevention/outcomes related to barriers, facilitators and solutions to enhancing access to and equity in cancer clinical trials will be eligible for inclusion in this rapid scoping review.

Ethics and dissemination

All data will be extracted from published literature. Hence, ethical approval and patient informed consent are not required. The findings of the scoping review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at international conferences.
Pair production of the singlet vector-like B quark at the CLIC
Authors: Han Jin-Zhong , Liu Yao-Bei , Xu Shi-Yu
Published: January 2024

Vector-like quarks (VLQs) are a common feature of many scenarios of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), which generally decay into a SM third-generation quark with a SM gauge boson or a Higgs boson. The presence of a new exotic decay mode of VLQs will reduce the branching ratios of these standard decay modes and thus relax the current mass exclusion limits from LHC experiments. Based on a model-independent framework, we investigate the prospect of discovering the pair production of the weak-singlet VLQ-B at the future 3-TeV Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), by focusing on the final states including one Z boson and four b-jets via two types of modes: $$Z\rightarrow \ell ^{+}\ell ^{-}$$

Z
→

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

and $$Z\rightarrow \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$

Z
→
ν

ν

¯

. By performing a rapid detector simulation of the signal and background events, and considering the initial state radiation and beamstrahlung effects, the exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level and the $$5\sigma $$

5
σ

discovery prospects are respectively obtained on the branching ratio of $$B\rightarrow bZ$$

B
→
b
Z

and the VLQ-B masses at the future 3-TeV CLIC with an integrated luminosity of 5 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

.
Striatum- and Cerebellum-Modulated Epileptic Networks Varying Across States with and without Interictal Epileptic Discharges
Authors: Jiang Sisi , Pei Haonan , Chen Junxia , Li Hechun , Liu Zetao , Wang Yuehan , Gong Jinnan , Wang Sheng , Li Qifu , Duan Mingjun , Calhoun Vince D. , Yao Dezhong , Luo Cheng
Published: January 2024

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is characterized by cryptogenic etiology and the striatum and cerebellum are recognized as modulators of epileptic network. We collected simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 145 patients with IGE, 34 of whom recorded interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) during scanning. In states without IEDs, hierarchical connectivity was performed to search core cortical regions which might be potentially modulated by striatum and cerebellum. Node–node and edge–edge moderation models were constructed to depict direct and indirect moderation effects in states with and without IEDs. Patients showed increased hierarchical connectivity with sensorimotor cortices (SMC) and decreased connectivity with regions in the default mode network (DMN). In the state without IEDs, striatum, cerebellum, and thalamus were linked to weaken the interactions of regions in the salience network (SN) with DMN and SMC. In periods with IEDs, overall increased moderation effects on the interaction between regions in SN and DMN, and between regions in DMN and SMC were observed. The thalamus and striatum were implicated in weakening interactions between regions in SN and SMC. The striatum and cerebellum moderated the cortical interaction among DMN, SN, and SMC in alliance with the thalamus, contributing to the dysfunction in states with and without IEDs in IGE. The current work revealed state-specific modulation effects of striatum and cerebellum on thalamocortical circuits and uncovered the potential core cortical targets which might contribute to develop new clinical neuromodulation techniques.
Quantum state transfer through system-environment correlation
Authors: Jin Yao
Published: January 2024

Quantum state transfer protocol based on system-environment correlation is studied. Different from that in protocol of quantum teleportation, in the present transfer protocol, parties do not share entangled state initially. The state factors are transmitted among parties through their common memory-environment. Explicitly, with the generation of system-environment correlation, state factors parameterized on the probe system can be transmitted to the environment by performing proper projective measurement on the probe system. Then after knowing the results of former measurements, other parties can estimate the state factors by preparing proper detectors that evolve with the memory environment for a proper period of time. In this regard, quantum state is transmitted among different parties through system-environment correlation. Since quantum decoherence appears along with the generation of system-environment correlation, using the present transfer protocol, one can transmit quantum state even after the characteristic time of quantum decoherence.
Entropy-based convergence rates of greedy algorithms
Authors: Li Yuwen , Siegel Jonathan W.
Published: January 2024

We present convergence estimates of two types of greedy algorithms in terms of the entropy numbers of underlying compact sets. In the first part, we measure the error of a standard greedy reduced basis method for parametric PDEs by the entropy numbers of the solution manifold in Banach spaces. This contrasts with the classical analysis based on the Kolmogorov [Formula: see text]-widths and enables us to obtain direct comparisons between the algorithm error and the entropy numbers, where the multiplicative constants are explicit and simple. The entropy-based convergence estimate is sharp and improves upon the classical width-based analysis of reduced basis methods for elliptic model problems. In the second part, we derive a novel and simple convergence analysis of the classical orthogonal greedy algorithm for nonlinear dictionary approximation using the entropy numbers of the symmetric convex hull of the dictionary. This also improves upon existing results by giving a direct comparison between the algorithm error and the entropy numbers.
Comparative study for the elastic scattering of the isobar nuclei 6Li and 6He on 64Zn using different nuclear potentials
Authors: Amar A.
Published: January 2024

The available experimental data for the elastic scattering of the isobar nuclei 6Li and 6He on [Formula: see text]Zn have been reanalyzed in the available energy range using the optical model, double folding (DF) (Sao Paulo), and crystal model (CM). Double-folding (DF) and crystal model (CM) have been used to investigate the experimental data as a real part of the optical potential, while the imaginary part was taken in Woods–Saxon (WS) shape. One value of the real part of the optical potential has been applied to the two systems under consideration. The distance of the closest approach of the 6Li (6He) + [Formula: see text]Zn systems has been extracted from the available experimental data using different methods. The extracted potential from the 6Li and 6He elastically scattered by [Formula: see text]Zn data could be used as the basis for the creation of a simple global optical potential for 6Li and 6He. The extracted normalization factor ([Formula: see text]) was equal to the unity during the fitting process avoiding its unfortunate value (in the range 0.5–0.7) exists in the literature. It was observed that interaction distances vary slowly with the energy of the projectile and strongly depend on the projectile properties. The halo properties of 6He have a significant effect on the calculated reaction cross-sections. Different methods have been applied to 6He and 6Li elastically scattered by [Formula: see text]Zn, where fair agreement between them has been observed.
Damped Vibration and Optimization of the Geometrical Parameters of FG Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Resting on Elastic Foundation Using GA
Authors: Aghamaleki Saeid Bakhtiyar , Fakoor Mahdi , Hashemian Amir H.
Published: January 2024

Functionally graded materials with their structural characteristics, such as the type of distribution, the size of phases, gradually change from one surface to another and provide a wide range of applications. In this research, the optimization of geometric parameters of FG structure rested on the elastic foundation, including damping effects is of interest. The cylindrical shell’s material properties are assumed to vary smoothly and continuously across the thickness according to the power law distribution of the volume fraction of constituents. The governing equations of stiffened functionally graded cylindrical shell resting on an elastic foundation are obtained using Hamilton’s principle, the first-order shear deformation theory and finite element method. The numerical results are obtained for studying the effect of various factors, such as distribution of volume fraction, length and thickness, different boundary conditions, stiffness and damping coefficients, and also the natural frequency of the dynamic responses of the cylindrical shell. The damping effects are considered which were not presented in previous studies. The frequency responses of the cylindrical FGM shell resting on elastic foundation were obtained by adding the damping term into the governing equations. Besides, analytical formulation results were considered as an objective function (input) for optimization in Genetic Algorithms. Finally, the compatibility of the analytical modeling results with the commercial finite element software was checked which showed good agreement.
Dynamic Characteristics of Bistable Vibration Energy Harvester Incorporating Electromagnetic Generator
Authors: You Jiahui , Tang Bo , Xu Ming
Published: January 2024

Although various vibration energy harvesters have been designed over the past few decades, efforts to develop efficient, broadband energy harvesters continue. This work provides a detailed insight into a bistable vibration harvester subjected to correlated Gaussian white noise, with the friction between the rack and pinion described by the slip-stick model. Using the harmonic balance method, the frequency response curve of the amplitude under different mass ratios is discussed. The system response will be enhanced with an increased mass ratio for sinusoidal excitation, but not in the case of random excitation. By employing the stochastic average of the energy envelope, the dynamical governing equation of the harvester is solved, and the probability density functions (PDFs) under different damping coefficients, nonlinear stiffness of the restoring force, and excitation intensities are derived. The results are compared with those from Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) and show good accuracy. The results reveal the presence of P-bifurcations. When the nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficient vary, the number of peaks in the PDFs of system displacement and velocity changes. By adjusting the system parameters, the motion of the system can be significantly enhanced.
Vibration Performance Evaluation of Cold-Formed Steel and Plywood Composite Floors
Authors: Al-Hunaity Suleiman A. , Far Harry
Published: January 2024

In this study, experimental natural frequencies and mid-span deflections were used to assess the tested composite floors against vibration serviceability limit states adopted by different standards such as AS3623. It was found that existing design criteria have predicted inconsistent results. Further, the finite element (FE) model was created, updated, and validated against the experimental modal parameters. The validated numerical model examined how various design parameters, such as material properties, cross-section geometry, and achieved a degree of composite action, have influenced the vibration properties such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. It was shown that as the added mass became more dominant than the stiffness enhancement, the fundamental natural frequency of the floor system dropped. This was evident from the results of the plywood slab thickness and the added permanent load parameters. On the other hand, the fundamental natural frequency increased with thicker and deeper joist sections since they made the floor system stiffer.
Analysis of Natural Vibration Characteristics of Modified Timoshenko Cracked Beam
Authors: Wang Yabo , Yuan Hongbing , Song Haicun , Gong Changtai , Zhang Peng , Huang Jing , Du Rongsheng
Published: January 2024

This study utilizes the transfer matrix method to analyze the modified Timoshenko beam with and without cracks. The massless torsional spring is assumed to represent the section where the crack is located. The matrix equation is simplified using boundary conditions and solved using MATLAB. Additionally, the influence of different crack depths and positions on the first three natural frequencies is compared to finite element analysis using three common types of beams as examples. The results indicate that increasing the crack depth leads to a decrease in the natural frequency of the beam. However, the impact on certain specific positions is insignificant, with a maximum error between the two methods not exceeding 2.73%. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of crack depth on natural frequency under different span-to-height ratios. The findings reveal that increasing the span-to-height ratio reduces the influence of crack depth on natural frequency, thereby validating the proposed method and its applicability in modified Timoshenko cracked beams.
Analysis of In-Plane Impact Mechanical Properties of Centre-Symmetric Chiral Honeycomb
Authors: Yang Fumo , Deng Xiaolin
Published: January 2024

In this paper, two center-symmetric chiral honeycombs (CSCH-1 and CSCH-2) were designed through a center-symmetric approach. Corresponding samples were prepared using 3D printing technology, and in-plane impacts were carried out under quasi-static experiments with the conventional chiral honeycomb (CH). The experimental results show that CSCH-1 and CSCH-2 have better load-bearing capacity and energy-absorbing properties than CH. The mean stress of the two increased by 40% and 60%, and the energy absorption (EA) increased by 92.10% and 101.90%, respectively, compared to CH. Furthermore, the design of CSCH-2 effectively controls the expansion and deformation of the structure, and shows better negative Poisson’s ratio effect. Subsequent finite element modeling was performed using the finite element software Abaqus/Explicit, and the accuracy of the finite element model was verified. Furthermore, the in-plane impact mechanical behavior of CH, CSCH-1, and CSCH-2 was investigated at different impact velocities, various nodal circle radii, and different orthogonal array ratios.
An Iterative Augmented Unscented Kalman Particle Filter for Simultaneous State-Parameter-Input Estimation for Structural Systems Subjected to Gamma-Distribution Noise
Authors: Yu Tianhao , Wang Jingfeng , Wang Wanqian
Published: January 2024

Simultaneous estimations of the states, parameters and unknown inputs of nonlinear structural systems subjected to non-Gaussian noise are essential, because the inputs are not always available and the system noise is not always Gaussian. However, filters developed for this task require the inter-story drift measurements to be “fused” with the acceleration measurements to avoid the “drift phenomenon”. Because inter-story drifts may be inconvenient to obtain in practice, it is more desirable to use acceleration measurements only. To this end, this study develops a novel iterative augmented unscented Kalman particle filter (IAUKPF) for the simultaneous state-parameter-input estimation for systems subjected to non-Gaussian noise. The iterative strategy proposed in this study effectively corrects the “drift phenomenon” when only acceleration measurements are incorporated, so that the accuracies of the estimated unknown inputs are promoted. The importance density of the particle filter at each time step is provided by the augmented unscented Kalman filter so that the filter takes the best known information into consideration. Numerical examples of nonlinear structural systems affected by non-Gaussian noise are adopted to examine the effectiveness of the proposed IAUKPF.
Local and 2-local derivations of 𝔰𝔩(2) on any finite-dimensional completely reducible module
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Tang Xiaomin , Li Zhaoxin
Published: January 2024

This paper determines all local and 2-local derivations of the 3-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra [Formula: see text] on its any finite-dimensional completely reducible module. In particular, the quotient space of the one consisting of all local derivations by the one consisting of all derivations of [Formula: see text] on its [Formula: see text]-dimensional simple module has the dimension [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is odd, and [Formula: see text] otherwise. On the other hand, each 2-local derivation of [Formula: see text] on any finite-dimensional completely reducible module is a derivation.
Deformations and abelian extensions of compatible pre-Lie superalgebras
Authors: Boujelben Jamel , Abdaoui Meher
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we give cohomologies and deformations theory, as well as abelian extensions for compatible pre-Lie superalgebras. Explicitly, we first introduce the notation of a compatible pre-Lie superalgebra and its representation. We also construct a new bidfferential graded Lie superalgebra whose Maurer–Cartan elements are compatible pre-Lie structures. We give the bidifferential graded Lie superalgebra which controls deformations of a compatible pre-Lie superalgebra. Then, we introduce a cohomology of a compatible pre-Lie superalgebra with coefficients in itself. We study infinitesimal deformations of compatible pre-Lie superalgebras and show that equivalent infinitesimal deformations are in the same second cohomology group. We further give the notion of a Nijenhuis operator on a compatible pre-Lie algebra. We study formal deformations of compatible pre-Lie algebras. If the second cohomology group [Formula: see text] is trivial, then the compatible pre-Lie superalgebra is rigid. Additionally, we give a cohomology of a compatible pre-Lie superalgebra with coefficients in arbitrary representation and study abelian extensions of compatible pre-Lie superalgebras using this cohomology. We show that abelian extensions are classified by the second cohomology group. Finally, we study the relation between compatible Lie superalgebras and compatible pre-Lie superalgebras and we give some examples of compatible pre-Lie superalgebras.
Stark Broadening, Boltzmann Plot Methods for Calculating Plasma Parameters by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Gold Target
Authors: Abed Hiba A. , Al Rashid Saeed N. T. , Mazhir Sabah N.
Published: January 2024

In this investigation, a spectroscopic optical emission test was used to investigate the characteristics of gold plasmas that were produced in the surrounding environment using an Nd: YAG system at a wavelength of 1064[Formula: see text]nm and had an energy output that varied from 400 to 600[Formula: see text]mJ. The emission spectrum profiles of (Au) were analyzed and recorded using a spectrometer to aid in the extraction of vital plasma features (i.e., [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Plasma temperature was determined using the Boltzmann plot method, and electron density was determined using the Stark broadening method. The temperature was between (0.91 and 0.94)[Formula: see text]eV, while the electron density ranged between (4.79 and 5.26) [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. The rest of the plasma parameters were calculated by the mathematical equations of the method used (Boltzmann Plott).
Novel Adaptive Path-Smoothening Optimization Method for Mobile Robots
Authors: Duan S. Y. , Qi Y. N. , Zhang L. X. , Li Y. L. , Wang F. , Liu G. R.
Published: January 2024

A safe and smooth operating path is a prerequisite for mobile robots to accomplish tasks. Although the existing path optimization methods improve the smoothness of the planned path by introducing Bezier curve to locally optimize the path with regard to turning points, most of these methods manually select the position of control points and subjectively analyze the feasibility of the optimized path. It is argued unfavorably that it exhibits strong subjectivity and cumbersome selection process. To fill this gap, an adaptive path-smoothening optimization method is proposed in this study, which combines neural network, genetic algorithm, and Bezier curve to transform the path smoothing problem into an optimization problem. It rapidly determines the position of the optimal control point based on comprehension of constraints, e.g., path safety, curvature and kinematic restrains of the robot. The currently proposed method resolves the long-standing problems of strong subjectivity, cumbersome steps, and thus low efficiency in the selection process of control points, and lays the theoretical groundwork for smoothening the locus and path. To start with, according to the actual working conditions, the dataset corresponding to the position of the control point and the path deviation is constructed, and the neural network algorithm is used to solve the prediction model of the path deviation, so as to obtain the mapping relationship between the length and included angle of the control edge in the second-order Bezier curve and the path deviation. Subsequently, with reference to the prediction model of path deviation, a reliability evaluation function is formulated by comprehending multiple influential factors of mobile robot motion safety and path smoothness. The genetic algorithm is then introduced to detect the satisfactory control points in different environments. The currently proposed method is verified by experiments in different operating environments. The study results show that the currently proposed adaptive path-smoothening optimization method exhibits remarkably superior applicability and effectiveness compared to the currently prevailing methods. It demonstrates advantages of fast path planning, reduced path turning points, and desirable path smoothness. In addition, it can also ensure the safety of mobile robot along the planned path as availed by a pre-set criterion.
ACCURACY OF A FRAMELESS OPTICAL STEREOTACTIC NEURONAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR BRAIN BIOPSY IN CATS: A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Yang Chin-Chieh , Huang Wei-Hsiang , Chang Ya-Pei
Published: January 2024

Image-guided stereotactic techniques can display the locations of surgical instruments and biopsy targets in real time, allowing minimally invasive brain biopsies with reduced risk. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of an optical frameless neuronavigation system in feline cadavers and describe potential influencing factors. Phantom lesions were created in different brain regions and depths in 15 feline cadavers. After installing eight fiducial markers in the frontal bone and zygomatic arches, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, and the images were imported into the neuronavigation system. Following patient and instrument registration, diluted gadolinium was injected into the phantom lesion (target), guided by the neuronavigation system. The coordinates of the target and contrast points were determined on repeated MRI scans and the distance between them was defined as the targeting error. The time from target selection to the completion of gadolinium injection was recorded as the required time. The targeting error and required time were compared between the initial 30% and final 30% of the collected data to assess the influence of operator experience. Among 76 lesions, the mean targeting error was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm (95% confidence interval 2.76–3.15[Formula: see text]mm). Lesion location, lesion depth, and operator experience did not affect the accuracy; however, operator experience reduced the required time. This frameless optical neuronavigation system is potentially feasible for feline brain biopsy. The demonstrated accuracy substantiates its clinical utility for feline brain lesions [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm, and is comparable to that of other neuronavigation systems described in dogs.
Some new identities involving p-Fibonacci and p-Lucas numbers with applications
Authors: Mekkaoui Mohammed , Taane Abdelhak , Badidja Salim
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we prove some new identities involving [Formula: see text]-Fibonacci and [Formula: see text]-Lucas numbers by using some properties of [Formula: see text]-Jacobsthal polynomials. Moreover, we present some applications of these identities in Diophantine equations and divisibility properties.
A note on skew Jordan triple derivations on ∗-rings
Authors: Madni Md Arshad , Abdioğlu Cihat , Ahmed Wasim , Mozumder Muzibur Rahman
Published: January 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-torsion free unital ∗-ring containing nontrivial symmetric idempotent. In this article, it is shown that if a map [Formula: see text] : [Formula: see text] (not necessarily additive) satisfies [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is additive. Moreover, if [Formula: see text] is self-adjoint, then [Formula: see text] is a ∗-derivation. As an applications, we apply our main result to some special classes of unital ∗-rings and ∗-algebras such as prime ∗-ring, prime ∗-algebra, standard operator algebra, factor von Neumann algebra and von Neumann algebra with no central summands of type [Formula: see text].
Size Matters: Unraveling the Nanoscale World of Actinide-Based High Entropy Alloys through Ab Initio Methods
Authors: Jayaswal Sudesh , Kumar Bijay , Kumar Ashwani
Published: January 2024

Ab initio computational studies of size-dependent Actinide-based High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) nanomaterials (AHEANMs) have emerged as a powerful tool to unravel the fundamental properties and behaviors of these complex systems. AHEAs have demonstrated remarkable mechanical, thermal, and radiation-resistant characteristics making them promising candidates for advanced technological applications. In this context, the size-dependent properties like cohesive energy, melting temperature, Debye temperature, Gibbs free energy of mixing, Heat of mixing, entropy of mixing, etc., have been studied.
CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXCHANGE RATE UNCERTAINTY IN ESWATINI
Authors: SHONGWE SILINDZELE S. , EMENIKE KALU O.
Published: January 2024

This study examines the relationship between international trade and exchange rate uncertainty in Eswatini. The specific objectives were to establish the nature of relationship between import and exchange rate uncertainty, relationship between export trade and exchange rate uncertainty, and the causal relationship between import, export and exchange rate uncertainty. Annual data ranging from 1972 to 2018 were collected and analyzed using Engle–Granger cointegration and Granger causality techniques. Exchange rate uncertainty is measured using symmetric GARCH (1,1) model of the nominal exchange rate. Estimates from the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root test indicate that all the data were stationary at first difference. The cointegration results show evidence of long-run relationship between import and exchange rate uncertainty. The results also show that export is significantly related to exchange rate uncertainty in the long-run. Granger causality results evince the existence of a unidirectional causality from export to exchange rate uncertainty, and a bidirectional causal relationship between import and exchange rate uncertainty. The magnitude of influence of exchange rate uncertainty, however, is greater than that of import. The study recommends amongst others that monetary authorities should develop strategies that will stimulate demand for local goods so as to boost the influence of import on exchange rate uncertainty.
Future Database Engine Development: You Will Only Need One Programming Language
Authors: Wang Tianzheng
Published: January 2024

Database systems must make good use of the hardware for high performance. This is usually done by implementing their core components (storage engine, optimizer and query execution engine) in a low-level programming language (PL) such as C/C++ that can directly "talk to the hardware." But these PLs traditionally lacked high-level abstractions, lowering DBMS developer productivity. Some systems [18, 16, 10] then mix different PLs to balance productivity and performance. For example, Presto [16] and Spark [18] originally used Java but are now replacing their query engines with new ones [12, 1] built in C++ for higher performance. However, doing so brings such non-trivial challenges as interacting with different PL runtimes [1].
Wireless Channel Model Based on Ray Tracing Algorithm in the Sea Environment
Authors: Liu Zhongyu , Yao Qi , Li Quanqing , Guo Lixin , Hu Shuo
Published: January 2024

The maritime environment is complex and changeable, and an accurate maritime wireless channel model is particularly difficult to establish. This study investigates the sensitivity of a three-dimensional (3D) maritime ray tracing (RT) model for the use of the geometrical optics in radio channel characterizations of maritime environments. The channel measurement experiments are mainly carried out at three frequency points of 1.5, 1.8, and 2.5 GHz, and the simulation results of the model are compared and corrected with the measured received power. Analysis shows that the modified model simulation results at 1.5, 1.8, and 2.5 GHz frequency points are in good agreement with the actual measurement, and the RMS is within 7 dB. Moreover, the reverse RT algorithm has the advantages of fast calculation speed and high efficiency. The effects of the different sea conditions, frequencies, and distances on the propagation of electromagnetic waves are analyzed on the basis of this model.
Typological Differences in General and Special Abilities of Students in Preparation for Socionomic Professions
Authors: Kosheleva Yuliya P. , Zhambeevа Zarema Z. , Gut Yuliya N. , Osnitskiy Alexey K. , Kabardov Mukhamed K.
Published: January 2024

Background. Identification of typological differences in abilities of students studying in various areas of specializations at university allows us to predict the trajectory of their development in professional preparation. Objective. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze typological differences in the general and special abilities of bachelors in preparation for socionomic professions. Sample. The study has been conducted in 2021–2022 academic years for 98 1–4 courses’ students studying in the area of specialty 39.03.02 Social work. Methods. The methods used included tapping test in M.K. Kabardov’s modification, a questionnaire of professional preferences by J. Holland, M. O’Sullivan and J. Guilford test, SMRP (SMIL), R. Kettell’s questionnaire, the techniques by L.P. Kalininsky (COAP), and T. Leary’s technique. Results. The general and special abilities are established. The natural basis of the general abilities (motor indicators), cognitive (social intelligence), and personal characteristics (optimism, extraversion and responsiveness) of students, characteristic of all courses, are found. Differences in special abilities are revealed: in the 1st year, sensitivity and pessimism prevail; in the second year dependence (there is no independence) and responsiveness are observed; in the 3rd efficiency, focus of consciousness on the social goals of activity, dominance and self-confidence are identified; in the 4th research and conventional professionally oriented personality types’ abilities and traits such as social responsibility, ability to analyze and structure activities, independence are developed (0.01 < p < 0.05). A common type for all courses is “social”, characterized by cooperativeness, the ability to interact with people, psychological tact. From the 1st to the 4th year, there is a clear identification of the social worker’s profile and an increase in readiness for socionomic professions (p < 0.05). Conclusion. It is shown that when preparing for socionomic professions, the most significant signs of the development of general and special abilities are four factors: natural prerequisites (primary-signal or second-signal type of higher nervous activity (HNA)) and social (cognitive and professional) characteristics of the individuals. Typological differences in component combinations of general and special abilities, determined by the orientation of the activity of the individual and the learning conditions, are revealed among students of different courses studying in the specialty "Social Work".