bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal distribution pattern of white matter lesion volumes and their association with regional grey matter volume reductions in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bendfeldt Kerstin , Blumhagen Jan Ole , Egger Hanspeter , Loetscher Patrick , Denier Niklaus , Kuster Pascal , Traud Stefan , Mueller‐Lenke Nicole , Naegelin Yvonne , Gass Achim , Hirsch Jochen , Kappos Ludwig , Nichols Thomas E , Radue Ernst‐Wilhelm , Borgwardt Stefan J.
Published: January 2010

The association of white matter (WM) lesions and grey matter (GM) atrophy is a feature in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The spatiotemporal distribution pattern of WM lesions, their relations to regional GM changes and the underlying dynamics are unclear. Here we combined parametric and non‐parametric voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to clarify these issues. MRI data from RRMS patients with progressive (PLV, n = 45) and non‐progressive WM lesion volumes (NPLV, n = 44) followed up for 12 months were analysed. Cross‐sectionally, the spatial WM lesion distribution was compared using lesion probability maps (LPMs). Longitudinally, WM lesions and GM volumes were studied using FSL‐VBM and SPM5‐VBM, respectively. WM lesions clustered around the lateral ventricles and in the centrum semiovale with a more widespread pattern in the PLV than in the NPLV group. The maximum local probabilities were similar in both groups and higher for T2 lesions (PLV: 27%, NPLV: 25%) than for T1 lesions (PLV: 15%, NPLV 14%). Significant WM lesion changes accompanied by cortical GM volume reductions occured in the corpus callosum and optic radiations (P = 0.01 corrected), and more liberally tested (uncorrected P < 0.01) in the inferior fronto‐occipital and longitudinal fasciculi, and corona radiata in the PLV group. Not any WM or GM changes were found in the NPLV group. In the PLV group, WM lesion distribution and development in fibres, was associated with regional GM volume loss. The different spatiotemporal distribution patterns of patients with progressive compared to patients with non‐progressive WM lesions suggest differences in the dynamics of pathogenesis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S -Adenosylmethionine Regulates Dual-Specificity Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase Expression in Mouse and Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Tomasi Maria Lauda , Ramani Komal , Lopitz-Otsoa Fernando , Rodríguez Manuel S. , Li Tony W. H. , Ko Kwangsuk , Yang Heping , Bardag-Gorce Fawzia , Iglesias-Ara Ainhoa , Feo Francesco , Pascale Maria Rosa , Mato José M. , Lu Shelly C.
Published: January 2010

Increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity correlates with a more malignant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) phenotype. There is a reciprocal regulation between p44/42 MAPK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK]1/2) and the dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase MKP-1/DUSP1. ERK phosphorylates DUSP1, facilitating its proteasomal degradation, whereas DUSP1 inhibits ERK activity. Methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (

Mat1a

) knockout (KO) mice express hepatic

S

-adenosylmethionine (SAM) deficiency and increased ERK activity and develop HCC. The aim of this study was to examine whether DUSP1 expression is regulated by SAM and if so, elucidate the molecular mechanisms. Studies were conducted using

Mat1a

KO mice livers, cultured mouse and human hepatocytes, and 20S and 26S proteasomes. DUSP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were reduced markedly in livers of

Mat1a

KO mice and in cultured mouse and human hepatocytes with protein falling to lower levels than mRNA. SAM treatment protected against the fall in DUSP1 mRNA and protein levels in mouse and human hepatocytes. SAM increased DUSP1 transcription, p53 binding to DUSP1 promoter, and stability of its mRNA and protein. Proteasomal chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like activities were increased in

Mat1a

KO livers and cultured hepatocytes, which was blocked by SAM treatment. SAM inhibited chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like activities by 40% and 70%, respectively, in 20S proteasomes and caused rapid degradation of some of the 26S proteasomal subunits, which was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. SAM treatment in

Mat1a

KO mice for 7 days raised SAM, DUSP1, mRNA and protein levels and lowered proteosomal and ERK activities.

Conclusion:

DUSP1 mRNA and protein levels are lower in

Mat1a

KO livers and fall rapidly in cultured hepatocytes. SAM treatment increases DUSP1 expression through multiple mechanisms, and this may suppress ERK activity and malignant degeneration. Hepatology 2010
Identifying Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2/3 Patients Who Can Receive A 16-Week Abbreviated Course of Peginterferon Alfa-2A (40Kd) Plus Ribavirin
Authors: Diago Moises , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Zeuzem Stefan , Rodriguez-Torres Maribel , Pappas Stephen C. , Tietz Andreas , Nelson David R.
Published: January 2010

The objective of this analysis was to compare sustained virological response (SVR) and relapse rates in patients with a rapid virological response (RVR, HCV RNA <50 IU/mL at week 4) randomized to 24 or 16 weeks of treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) 180 μg/week plus ribavirin 800 mg/day in the multinational ACCELERATE study. The analysis was restricted to patients who received treatment for 80% or more of the planned duration. Of 1309 eligible patients, 863 individuals (65.9%) achieved an RVR and were included in this analysis (458 assigned to 16 weeks and 405 assigned to 24 weeks). The overall SVR rate was significantly higher in patients randomized to 24 weeks of treatment (91% versus 82%;

P

= 0.0006) and among patients infected with genotype 2 (92% versus 81%;

P

= 0.0010) but not genotype 3 (90% versus 84%;

P

= 0.1308). Relapse rates were significantly lower among all patients randomized to 24 weeks of treatment: overall (6% versus 15%,

P

< 0.0001); in those infected with genotype 2 (5% versus 17%,

P

= 0.0001), and genotype 3 (7% versus 14%,

P

= 0.0489). SVR rates in patients with a viral load of 400,000 IU/mL or less randomized to 24 and 16 weeks of treatment were similar, 95% and 91% (

P

= 0.2012). Significant pretreatment predictors of SVR included assignment to 24 weeks of treatment (

P

= 0.0006), absence of advanced fibrosis on liver biopsy (

P

= 0.0032), lower HCV RNA level (

P

= 0.0017), and lower body weight (

P

< 0.0001).

Conclusion

: The standard 24-week regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin is significantly more effective than an abbreviated 16-week regimen in genotype 2/3 patients who achieve an RVR. Abbreviated regimens may be considered in patients with a low baseline viral load who achieve an RVR. Hepatology 2010
Resveratrol, a multitargeted agent, can enhance antitumor activity of gemcitabine in vitro and in orthotopic mouse model of human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Harikumar Kuzhuvelil B. , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Sethi Gautam , Diagaradjane Parmeswaran , Anand Preetha , Pandey Manoj K. , Gelovani Juri , Krishnan Sunil , Guha Sushovan , Aggarwal Bharat B.
Published: January 2010

Gemcitabine, while a standard treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (PaCa), alone is not very effective. New agents that are safe and effective are highly needed. Resveratrol is one such agent which is safe and multitargeted; and has been linked with suppression of survival, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of cancer. Whether resveratrol can sensitize PaCa to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo was investigated. We established PaCa xenografts in nude mice, randomized into 4 groups, and treated with vehicle, gemcitabine, resveratrol and with combination. Modulation of NF‐κB and markers of proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion were ascertained using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of 4 different human PaCa cell lines, synergized the apoptotic effects of gemcitabine, inhibited the constitutive activation of NF‐κB and expression of bcl‐2, bcl‐xL, COX‐2, cyclin D1 MMP‐9 and VEGF. In an orthotopic model of human PaCa, we found that resveratrol significantly suppressed the growth of the tumor (p < 0.001) and this effect was further enhanced by gemcitabine (p < 0.001). Both the markers of proliferation index Ki‐67 and the micro vessel density CD31 were significantly downregulated in tumor tissue by the combination of gemcitabine and resveratrol (p < 0.001 vs. control; p < 0.01 vs. gemcitabine). As compared to vehicle control, resveratrol also suppressed the NF‐κB activation and expression of cyclin D1, COX‐2, ICAM‐1, MMP‐9 and survivin. Overall our results demonstrate that resveratrol can potentiate the effects of gemcitabine through suppression of markers of proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis.
IL‐1α and IL‐1β have different effects on formation and activity of large osteoclasts
Authors: Trebec‐Reynolds Diana P. , Voronov Irina , Heersche Johan N.M. , Manolson Morris F.
Published: January 2010

Interleukin 1 (IL‐1) is a proinflammatory cytokine upregulated in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Both isoforms, IL‐1α and IL‐1β, have been shown to activate osteoclasts (OCs), the cells responsible for resorbing bone. Inflammatory conditions are also characterized by increased bone loss and by the presence of large OCs (10+ nuclei). We and others have previously shown that large OCs are more likely to be resorbing compared to small OCs (2–5 nuclei). Moreover, large OCs express higher levels of the IL‐1 activating receptor IL‐1RI, integrins αv and β3, RANK, and TNFR1, while small OCs have higher levels of the decoy receptor IL‐1RII. We hypothesized that IL‐1 would have different effects on large and small OCs due to these distinct receptor expression patterns. To test this hypothesis, RAW 264.7 cells were differentiated into populations of small and large OCs and treated with IL‐1α or IL‐1β (1 and 10 ng/ml). In the presence of sRANKL, both IL‐1α and IL‐1β increased total OC number and resorptive activity of large OCs. IL‐1α stimulated formation of large OCs and increased the number of resorption pits, while IL‐1β changed the morphology of large OCs and integrin‐β3 phosphorylation. No effects were seen in small OCs in response to either IL‐1 isoform. These results demonstrate that IL‐1 predominantly affects large OCs. The dissimilarity of responses to IL‐1α and IL‐1β suggests that these isoforms activate different signaling pathways within the two OC populations. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 975–982, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physcion‐8‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside enhances the commitment of mouse mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblasts and their differentiation: Possible involvement of signaling pathways to activate BMP gene expression
Authors: Lee Su‐Ui , Choi Yeon Hee , Kim Young Sup , Park Sang‐Joon , Kwak Han Bok , Min Yong Ki , Kim Hyun‐Nam , Lim Kyung‐Eun , Choi Je‐Yong , Rhee Myungchull , Kim Seong Hwan
Published: January 2010

Here, we show the involvement of signaling pathways to induce the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the osteogenic activity of physcion‐8‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (physcion‐Glu); it stimulated osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 subclone 4 cells and induced BMP‐2 gene expression and activation of Akt and ERK/MAP kinases. Physcion‐Glu‐induced BMP‐2 expression and mineralization were attenuated by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K that lies upstream of Akt and MAP kinases, suggesting that physcion‐Glu induces osteoblast differentiation via PI3K‐Akt/MAP kinase signaling pathways, which play important roles in inducing BMP‐2 gene expression. Physcion‐Glu also enhanced BMP‐2‐induced commitment of mouse bi‐potential mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells into osteoblasts while inducing the transcription of several osteogenic BMP isoforms, such as BMP‐2, ‐4, ‐7, and ‐9. Osteogenic synergy between BMP‐2 and physcion‐Glu was supported by the fact that noggin inhibited BMP‐2 and physcion‐Glu‐induced alkaline phosphatase expression and activity. Considering that physcion‐Glu induced Runx2 activity and the nuclear translocation of p‐Smad, physcion‐Glu could act by enhancing the BMP signaling pathway that induces Smad activation and translocation to activate Runx2. In conclusion, physcion‐Glu could enhance the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblasts and their differentiation by activating signaling pathways to induce BMP gene expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1148–1157, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and initial psychometric properties of the University of Texas at San Antonio Future Disposition Inventory
Authors: Osman Augustine , Gutierrez Peter M. , Barrios Frank , Wong Jane L. , Freedenthal Stacey , Lozano Gregorio
Published: January 2010

We describe the development and initial psychometric properties of a 24‐item self‐report measure, the University of Texas at San Antonio Future Disposition Inventory (UTSA FDI). This instrument is designed to evaluate future related thoughts and feelings that are associated with suicide‐related risk behaviors: positive focus, suicide orientation, and negative focus. The items were generated by clinical and nonclinical samples. The structure of the instrument was defined in a sample of 350 university undergraduate students (Study 1). Using CFA, we confirmed the fit of the 3‐factor solution in an independent sample of college age students (n=452; Study 2). Scale reliability estimates were good (all ρ's≥.80) in both studies. Known‐groups validation analyses showed that scores on each scale were useful in differentiating the responses of the study groups. Correlates for the scales were identified when scores on measures of suicide‐related risk and general psychological symptoms were included as validation self‐report instruments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 1–20, 2010.
Distribution of free D‐aspartic acid and D‐aspartate oxidase in frog Rana esculenta tissues
Authors: Di Giovanni Marcello , Burrone Lavinia , Chieffi Baccari Gabriella , Topo Enza , Santillo Alessandra
Published: January 2010

In this paper, we examined the distribution pattern of D‐aspartic acid (D‐Asp), as well as D‐aspartate oxidase (D‐AspO), D‐amino acid oxidase (D‐AAO), and L‐amino acid oxidase (L‐AAO) activities in different tissues of frog, Rana esculenta. High concentrations of free D‐Asp were found in the testes (0.21±0.02 µmol/g b.w), in the liver (0.20±0.03 µmol/g b.w), and in the Harderian gland (HG) (0.19±0.03 µmol/g b.w). A higher activity of both D‐AspO and D‐AAO with respect to L‐AAO was endogenously present in all examined frog tissues, particularly within the kidney, liver, and brain. Our in vivo experiments, consisting of i.p. injections of 2.0 µmol/g b.w. D‐Asp in frogs, revealed that all examined tissues can take up and accumulate D‐Asp and that this amino acid specifically triggers D‐AspO activity. Indeed, no increase in both D‐AAO and L‐AAO was found in all frog tissues after D‐Asp treatment. The optimum pH for D‐AspO activity was around 8.2 and the optimum temperature was about 37°C. Furthermore, its activity linearly increased with increasing D‐Asp incubation times. In vitro experiments assaying the substrate specificity of D‐AspO indicated that the enzyme had greater affinity for N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate than for D‐Asp and D‐glutamate. This study provides evidence of the presence of free D‐Asp in frog R. esculenta tissues, along with its role in triggering D‐AspO activity. These findings suggest that D‐AspO could play an essential role in decreasing excessive amounts of D‐Asp in frog tissues, a phenomenon that, if left unchecked, could have detrimental physiological effects on the animal. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:137–143, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered product specificity of a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by molecular imprinting with cyclomaltododecaose
Authors: Kaulpiboon Jarunee , Pongsawasdi Piamsook , Zimmermann Wolfgang
Published: January 2010

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases), members of glycoside hydrolase family 13, catalyze the conversion of amylose to cyclodextrins (CDs), circular α‐(1,4)‐linked glucopyranose oligosaccharides of different ring sizes. The CD containing 12 α‐D‐glucopyranose residues was preferentially synthesized by molecular imprinting of CGTase from Paenibacillus sp. A11 with cyclomaltododecaose (CD12) as the template molecule. The imprinted CGTase was stabilized by cross‐linking of the derivatized protein. A high proportion of CD12 and larger CDs was obtained with the imprinted enzyme in an aqueous medium. The molecular imprinted CGTase showed an increased catalytic efficiency of the CD12‐forming cyclization reaction, while decreased kcat/Km values of the reverse ring‐opening reaction were observed. The maximum yield of CD12 was obtained when the imprinted CGTase was reacted with amylose at 40°C for 30 min. Molecular imprinting proved to be an effective means toward increase in the yield of large‐ring CDs of a specific size in the biocatalytic production of these interesting novel host compounds for molecular encapsulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotenone prevents impact‐induced chondrocyte death
Authors: Goodwin Wendy , McCabe Daniel , Sauter Ellen , Reese Eric , Walter Morgan , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Martin James A.
Published: January 2010

Mechanical insult to articular cartilage kills chondrocytes, an event that may increase the risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Recent reports indicate that antioxidants decrease impact‐induced chondrocyte death, but the source(s) of oxidants, the time course of oxidant release, and the identity of the oxidative species generated in response to injury are unknown. A better understanding of these processes could lead to new treatments of acute joint injuries. To that end, we studied the kinetics and distribution of oxidant production in osteochondral explants subjected to a single, blunt‐impact injury. We followed superoxide production by measuring the time‐dependent accumulation of chondrocyte nuclei stained with the superoxide‐sensitive probe dihydroethidium. The percentage of chondrocytes that were dihydroethidium‐positive was 35% above baseline 10 min after impact, and 65% above baseline 60 min after impact. Most positive cells were found within and near areas contacted directly by the impact platen. Rotenone, an electron transport chain inhibitor, was used to test the hypothesis that mitochondria contribute to superoxide release. Rotenone treatment significantly reduced dihydroethidium staining, which remained steady at 15% above baseline for up to 60 min postimpact. Moreover, rotenone reduced chondrocyte death in impact sites by more than 40%, even when administered 2 h after injury (p < 0.001). These data show that much of the acute chondrocyte mortality caused by in vitro impact injuries results from superoxide release from mitochondria, and suggest that brief exposure to free radical scavengers could significantly improve chondrocyte viability following joint injury. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1057–1063, 2010
Surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic characterization of cytochrome c immobilized on 2‐mercaptoethanesulfonate monolayers on silver
Authors: Królikowska Agata , Bukowska Jolanta
Published: January 2010

Single‐component self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES) on Ag surfaces were studied with surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy with a view to their application to immobilize (ferro)cytochrome c (cyt c). SERS studies revealed that MES molecules adopt primarily trans (T) conformation even at early stages of the SAM growth and over wide range of pH values. High accessibility of the negatively charged groups for (bio)molecules in solution makes single‐component MES SAMs suitable linkage monolayers for electrostatic attachment of cyt c, which was verified with SERRS. Cyt c was successfully anchored to MES‐coated Ag at natural (∼5), neutral, and isoelectric point (10.6) pH. At pH = 7.0 and 10.6, SERRS bands characteristic of native six‐coordinated low‐spin (6cLS) heme iron configuration were detected. Lack of buffering resulted in additional appearance of five‐coordinated high‐spin (5cHS) SERRS markers and the presence of bands indicating ferric ion. An electrostatic attraction between protein and SAM was confirmed to exclude the hydrophobic interactions involved in cyt c binding. Cyt c attached to MES SAM on Ag was found to be electroactive at neutral pH, and protein oxidation was assisted with reversible conversion of 6cLS to the non‐native 5cHS state. Alteration of heme orientation deduced from SERRS spectra upon change of redox state allowed us to propose the protein dynamics as the electron transfer rate‐limiting step. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of knowledge transfer mechanisms in franchising
Authors: Gorovaia Nina , Windsperger Josef
Published: January 2010

In this paper, we try to explain the use of knowledge transfer mechanisms in franchising firms by applying the knowledge‐based view of the firm that integrates results from the information richness theory. Starting from the information richness theory we argue that the degree of tacitness of system‐specific knowledge determines the information richness of the knowledge transfer mechanisms of franchising firms. We examine the following hypotheses: (1) the franchisor uses more knowledge transfer mechanisms with a lower degree of information richness (such as email, intra‐ and internet), if the tacitness of system‐specific knowledge is low, and (2) the franchisor uses more knowledge transfer mechanisms with a higher degree of information richness (such as training, seminar, meetings, visits), if the tacitness of system‐specific knowledge is high. We test these hypotheses by using data from 83 franchising firms in the Austrian franchise sector. The data provide partial support for the hypotheses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending the task–artifact framework with organizational learning
Authors: Jiang Hao , Carroll John M , Lee Roderick
Published: January 2010

Over the past decade there has been an increased focus on the importance of contextual factors in all IT disciplines. At the same time, scholars have heeded the call for investigating the creation of more effective synergies between science and design. For example, the task–artifact (TA) framework was developed to support better utilization of behavioral, cognitive, and social science in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) design. This framework is based on the general developmental pattern of human activities and technologiesteamed with two analytical tools for design. In this paper, we extend this framework from its original focus on individual and small group HCI to the organizational level utilizing organizational learning theory. This extension will (1) integrate relevant concepts and analysis drawn from the social sciences in order to guide design more effectively; (2) incorporate organizational level analysis, when we study information artifact design and appropriation; and (3) help organizations complete their learning circle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal estimates for the Hardy averaging operator
Authors: Nekvinda Aleš , Pick Luboš
Published: January 2010

Letbe the one‐dimensional Hardy averaging operator. It is well‐known thatAis bounded onLpwhenever 1 <p≤ ∞. We improve this result in the following sense: we introduce a pair of new function spaces, the ‘source’ spaceSp, which is strictly larger thanLp, and the ‘target’ spaceTp, which is strictly smaller thanLp, and prove thatAis bounded fromSpintoTp. Moreover, we show that this result cannot be improved within the environment of solid Banach spaces. We present applications of this result to variable‐exponent Lebesgue spacesLp(x)(© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Camptocormia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A focal myopathy of the paravertebral muscles
Authors: Margraf Nils G. , Wrede Arne , Rohr Axel , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter J. , Raethjen Jan , Eymess Andrea , Volkmann Jens , Mehdorn Maximilian H. , Jansen Olav , Deuschl Günther
Published: January 2010

The objective of our study was to describe the clinical features of camptocormia, an involuntary, marked flexion of the thoracolumbar spine in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and to understand its etiology. In a prospective, cross‐sectional study, we examined 15 patients with PD and camptocormia using laboratory parameters, EMG, muscle magnetic resonance imaging, and biopsy of the paravertebral muscles. The clinical data were compared with a matched control group of PD patients without camptocormia, and the biopsies were compared with muscles from age‐matched autopsies. Almost all the patients (median age, 68.0 years; 7 women) with camptocormia suffered from advanced PD. Camptocormia occurred at a median of 9.0 years after the PD diagnosis. Compared with our clinical control group, back pain was more frequent and less dopa‐sensitive in the patients with camptocormia who suffered more often from additional diseases of the back. On EMG, we found mainly a myopathic pattern. The MRI of the paravertebral muscles showed localized changes ranging from edema with contrast enhancement, which are considered to be early signs, to atrophy and/or fatty degeneration, interpreted as late degenerative changes. Early signs were seen mainly during the first year and degenerative changes after 1.5 years. Biopsies revealed consistently myopathic changes and in some cases fatty degeneration. Clinical or electromyographic features favoring dystonia were absent. Camptocormia is a major disabling, non‐fluctuating and levodopa‐resistant complication of advanced PD. The cause of camptocormia in idiopathic PD is a focal myopathy. Our findings suggest that the myopathy has a progressive course, which finally leads to degeneration of the paravertebral muscles. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Incidence of Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism: Russian population‐based study
Authors: Winter Yaroslav , Bezdolnyy Yury , Katunina Elena , Avakjan Gagik , Reese Jens P. , Klotsche Jens , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Dodel Richard , Gusev Eugene
Published: January 2010

Data on the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) in East European countries and Asia are limited. The objective of this prospective population‐based study was to determine the incidence of PD and APS in the Russian population. The study area was a large district of Moscow with a population of 1,237,900 inhabitants. Multiple sources of case ascertainment were used to identify incident cases of PD and APS between July 2006 and December 2008. All incident cases were examined by a specialist and followed up prospectively to confirm the diagnosis. The age‐standardized incidence rates per 100,000/year were 9.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.01–10.15] for PD, 0.11 (95% CI 0.03–0.23) for multiple system atrophy, 0.14 (95% CI 0.08–0.21) for progressive supranuclear palsy, and 0.02 (95% CI 0.01–0.12) for corticobasal degeneration. The age‐standardized male‐to‐female ratio of PD was 0.87 for all ages and 1.46 for those aged 60 and older. A high proportion of new cases with PD (34%) and APS (50%) had comorbid depressive symptoms. Given the rapid growth of the elderly population in Eastern Europe and Asia, the epidemiology of PD and APS in these regions should be investigated in greater depth. The incidence of PD in our study was slightly lower than in studies of Western populations and the male‐to‐female ratio was closer to those reported in studies from Asia. The clinical implication of our study is that it highlights the need for better diagnosis and treatment of depression in early stages of PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Topographical distribution of cerebral cortical thinning in patients with mild Parkinson's disease without dementia
Authors: Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Ryu Young Hoon , Lee Myung Sik
Published: January 2010

The pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not confined to the brainstem regions, but spreads to involve the neocortical areas. Using surface‐based cortical thickness analysis, we studied the topographical distribution of cortical thinning in nondemented patients with mild PD. The high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed in 48 patients with PD without dementia and 56 age‐matched healthy controls. Using the Freesurfer software, surface‐based analysis was done to find changes in cerebral cortical thickness in patients with PD. Compared to the controls, patients with PD showed significant cortical thinning in the temporal, inferior parietal, rostral frontal, and orbitofrontal cortical areas. Thinning of the cerebral cortex occurs even in nondemented patients with mild PD, and its topographical distribution was similar to that of the neocortical Lewy bodies. Further studies are needed to find pathological and clinical correlates of thinned cerebral cortex found in nondemented patients with mild PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patients with and without parkinsonism: Clinical characteristics and neuroimaging findings
Authors: Su Chen‐San , Chang Wen‐Neng , Huang Shu‐Hua , Lui Chun‐Chung , Pan Tai‐Long , Lu Chen‐Hsien , Chuang Yao‐Chung , Huang Chi‐Ren , Tsai Nei‐Wen , Hsieh Mei‐Jen , Chang Chiung‐Chih
Published: January 2010

Parkinsonism in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is rare. There are no published studies with imaging findings of dopamine transporter using 99mTc‐[2‐[[2‐[[[3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐8‐methyl‐8‐azabicyclo [3,2,1] oct‐2‐yl] methyl] (2‐mercaptoethyl) amino] ethyl] amino]‐ethanethiolato(3‐)‐N2,N2,S2,S2]oxo‐[1R‐(exo‐exo)] (99mTc‐TRODAT‐1) SPECT in CTX patients. This report is on the clinical details of five genetically‐proven CTX patients (two with and three without parkinsonism). Imaging findings using cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 99mTc‐TRODAT‐1 SPECT are also shown. Clinical correlation of neuroimaging findings and clinical presentations was made. A literature review of the clinical and neuroimaging features of eight CTX patients with parkinsonism reported in the English literature is also presented. The parkinsonian features of our two cases and the other eight reported cases occurred before the age of 50 years. The MR imaging study showed variable findings, in which, besides the common diffuse cerebral and cerebellar white matter lesions shown in CTX, several focal brain lesions were also noted. Of the focal lesions, substantia nigra abnormalities were seen only in the two cases with parkinsonism. The 99mTc‐TRODAT‐1 SPECT study showed different degrees of unilateral or bilateral abnormalities in the striatal binding in both visual and semiquantitative assessments. parkinsonism can be one of the neurologic presentations of CTX. Even though abnormal findings of the substantia nigra were detected in both of our CTX patients with parkinsonism, basal ganglion lesions have not been uniformly described in MR imaging findings of reported CTX patients with parkinsonism. 99mTc‐TRODAT‐1 SPECT study can be of value in the detection of striatal involvement, and the study results also suggest pre‐synaptic dopamine neuron involvement in CTX patients with parkinsonism. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Information system design for communication: The use of genre as a design element
Authors: Feinberg Melanie
Published: January 2010

An information system is not merely a container for documents; through the ways that resources are selected, organized, and made available to users, information systems themselves work as expressive media, enabling the communication of a specific point of view on the collected materials. By analyzing information systems themselves as documents, we can better understand how information systems communicate these perspectives more and less persuasively, and we can use this understanding to facilitate the design of information systems for communicative purposes. This study examines one communicative mechanism available to information systems: the selective adaptation of genre conventions. Using theories of genre developed in rhetoric, composition, and applied linguistics, I show how two systems for organizing information, the Prelinger Library and the Warburg Institute classification, exhibit deviations from typical genre conventions for libraries, and I show how these deviations work as rhetorical tools to facilitate effective communication. I then demonstrate, using the creation of a prototype, how this understanding of genre as a communicative mechanism for information systems might be translated into the design context. By creating designs that incorporate an enhanced conceptual grasp of genre and other rhetorical properties of information systems, we can facilitate the construction of information systems that systematically and purposefully communicate original, creative points of view regarding their assembled collections, and so enable learning, discovery, and critical engagement for users.
Evaluating a metadata‐based term suggestion interface for PubMed with real users with real requests
Authors: Tang Muh‐Chyun , Wu Wan‐Ching , Hung Bang‐Woei
Published: January 2010

This paper reports results of an evaluation study of MAP (Multi‐faceted Access to PubMed), a metadata induced query suggestion interface for PubMed bibliographic search.

A novel evaluation methodology was used to address the challenges involved in evaluating an IIR (Interactive Information Retrieval) system such as the MAP interface. The most significant aspect of this methodology is that, instead of using assigned tasks common in traditional IR evaluation, it asks real users with real search requests to search with real systems in an experimental setting. Several performance measures were created based on which comparisons were made between MAP and PubMed baseline. MAP was shown to perform better in several of these measures, especially when the search requests had not been attempted before.

The finding pointed to search characteristics as an important intervening variable in IIR evaluation. The advantages of and potential threats to our methodology were also discussed.
Introducing a cognitive methodology for the automated detection of connotative meaning in text
Authors: Snyder Jaime , D Michael A. , Yilmazel Ozgur , Liddy Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2010

Pilot results are used to illustrate the potential of an integrated multi‐disciplinary approach to semantic text analysis that combines cognitive‐oriented human subject experimentation with Machine Learning (ML) based Natural Language Processing (NLP). The goal of this work is to automate the recognition of connotative meaning in text using a range of linguistic and non‐linguistic features. This methodology combines human evaluations of text with automated processing of text in order to address social, cognitive and linguistic aspects of connotative meaning. The design of this study places the human in the loop at the point of identifying the degree of connotation present within a given text, rather than at the point of expert linguistic analysis. Findings from the pilot study show that consensus between human subjects regarding the presence of connotative meaning in text can be achieved, that the degree of connotation present in a given text can be described on a continuum, and that a system can be implemented to recognize extreme cases of connotation (or its opposite, denotation). The protocol used in this pilot study was run using a relatively modest number of human evaluators and set of data. Based on the extensibility of methodology and the promising findings described here, the reliability of the data used to train the ML system can be easily improved by increasing the size of both the human subject sample and the data set.
Mapping library and information science: Does field delineation matter?
Authors: Zhao Dangzhi
Published: January 2010

Traditional field delineation methods in bibliometric studies appear to have reached their limits when dealing with highly interdisciplinary fields such as nanotechnology or stem cell research which have recently become a focus of science and technology policy research. Researchers therefore have developed sophisticated algorithmic procedures to overcome these difficulties, hoping to collect a set of articles in a research field being studied that is complete as well as clean. The present case study explores the effect of field delineation on author co‐citation analysis (ACA) studies of the intellectual structure of the library and information science (LIS) field using two different but overlapping journal sets to define the LIS field. We find that the major overall structure remains largely the same between these two views of the LIS field, which suggests that field delineation is not crucial to ACA studies of research fields, provided the emphasis of a study is on the major overall structure of a research field. The two views do however differ at a more detailed level of analysis, which suggests that studies that aim to shed light on particularly subtle research policy issues may need to pay serious attention to the way that they delineate their fields.
Incidental exposure to online news in everyday life information seeking context: Mixed method study
Authors: Yadamsuren Borchuluun
Published: January 2010

The Internet and new technologies are changing news reading habits and information behavior of readers. News readership is shifting to the Internet because of accessible, inexpensive technology, and free content. The prevalence of news on the web provides opportunities for people to encounter news in an incidental way as a byproduct of their online activities. This poster presents the preliminary results of the dissertation study on incidental exposure to online news, which was conducted in the spring of 2009.
A “pink” key to information grounds
Authors: Kelder Jo‐Anne , Lueg Christopher
Published: January 2010

The color pink plays a crucial role in breast cancer awareness information delivery as the “pink ribbon” is established as an international symbol of breast cancer awareness. One commonly understood purpose of using a specific color is related to the marketing concept of “brand recognition”: instant recognition of the messenger and also the message. In this paper we look at the role of color from a different, yet under‐researched perspective. We argue that in the real world of breast cancer community education work, the color pink also functions as an agent that helps establish dynamically created “information grounds”. The discussion of this novel perspective on information grounds is informed by a 12 month ethnographic case study describing and analyzing community education work in the context of breast cancer awareness information delivery.
Tagging: Behaviour and motivations
Authors: Mirzaee Vanesa , Iverson Lee
Published: January 2010

This poster describes the preliminary results of an ongoing investigation aimed at understanding individuals' motivations and behaviour when using a social tagging model to manage (acquire, organize, maintain, and retrieve) their personal and social information space. In the remainder of this paper, we will discuss our study, its context, methodology, and report the preliminary results of our observations.
Library and information center accessibility: The differently‐able patron's perspective
Authors: Copeland Clayton
Published: January 2010

The 1980's “Decade of the Disabled,” stimulated increased awareness regarding rights of differently‐able people for better access to education, employment, and information (United Nations, 1982). As “great equalizers of knowledge,” (Epp, 2006) libraries and information agencies were among organizations striving to become accessible, enabling environments for their differently‐able patrons. While “diversity” remains a critical focus for libraries and information agencies, many remain inaccessible for the differently‐able (Murray, 2000, 2001; Wojahn, 2006). In recent years, few research studies have investigated how library – physical and virtual – accessibility might be improved.

The purpose of this study is to understand library services and accessibility in public and academic libraries from the differently‐able patron's perspective. Recognizing the marginalization and disenfranchisement that can be experienced by diverse and differently‐able individuals, this study investigates information center accessibility and services for such populations. The research identifies differently‐able patrons in a variety of communities and the information professionals serving them. Through a series of interviews and focus groups with these individuals, this study explores “lived experiences” of these groups to understand how library accessibility / inaccessibility may contribute to the social construction of disability within these contexts. Specifically, it investigates the impact of social constructivism and technological advances upon library accessibility and services. Ultimately, the study's goal is to illuminate issues related to library accessibility / inaccessibility and services in public and academic libraries. Through participants' voices, the results of the study are expected to suggest how library accessibility and services may be improved. Findings may also suggest strategies that libraries and information centers may employ to help patrons overcome challenges related to technology skill development and unemployment.
The information‐seeking behavior of grade‐three elementary school students
Authors: Nesset Valerie
Published: January 2010

This study investigated the information‐seeking behavior of grade‐three students in order to understand and address their unique information needs and behaviors. The findings informed a three‐phase model of information‐seeking behavior.
Patient, heal thyself! Advocating for accessible healthcare websites
Authors: Brobst John
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this research is to examine healthcare websites to determine their current level of accessibility based on the criteria established in Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Web accessibility refers to providing equal access to the Internet and equal opportunity to use the Internet for people with disabilities. The unique value of this investigation lies in the attempt to identify what interventions could serve to improve the observed levels of website accessibility in healthcare websites.

Federal public laws demonstrate a concern for assuring equal rights and access for those with disabilities. However, the intent of the laws, being to achieve accessibility, has not been accomplished. Recent studies have shown that most categories of websites have low accessibility levels. If allowed to continue, the failure to make accessibility a reality could result in the disenfranchising of a major segment of society.

The goal of this study is to determine what can be done, realistically and pragmatically, to make healthcare websites within the United States more accessible. The approach will be a multi‐method examination of accessibility involving: policy analysis, online survey, expert testing, automated testing, and accessibility testing. Each method will add a unique value to the study and in combination will provide a fuller and richer understanding of the current status of healthcare website accessibility. The multi‐method approach supports the Action Stance taken in designing this study. This Action Stance approach focuses on designing research efforts that lead to effective and positive change.

For this study, the positive changes will include developing a set of best practices towards attaining web accessibility, identifying interventions that promote accessibility, and making recommendations for improving the federal information policies that address website accessibility.
Transdisciplinarity and information science in earth and environmental science research
Authors: Allard Suzie , Allard Grant
Published: January 2010

This poster addresses the theme of the conference “Thriving on Diversity‐ Information Opportunities in a Pluralistic World” by discussing transdisciplinarity and what this paradigm means to librarians and information scientists. Transdisciplinary research is a means to address research problems, especially those in complex systems (Hirsch Hadorn et al., 2008). The role of transdisciplinary research in earth and environmental sciences is explored, with particular attention to the challenges for information science researchers and professionals. Complex and global questions such as climate change may be best addressed using a transdisciplinary approach making the collaboration between scientists and information professionals more important. This collaboration is explored in relationship to DataONE (Observation Network for Earth), an NSF funded cyberinfrastructure project that supports the full data lifecycle for scientists in the diverse domains that are embodied in the earth and environmental sciences.
What's in a magazine image: Evaluation of a multifaceted categorization model
Authors: Westman Stina , Sulanto Saara , Laine‐Hernandez Mari , Oittinen Pirkko
Published: January 2010

This poster reports a practitioner evaluation of a multifaceted image categorization model designed for journalistic imagery. We show that the model led to consistent categorizations and was evaluated as useful by the participants in the user test.
Comparing American and Finnish oral information behavior
Authors: Turner Deborah
Published: January 2010

This poster presents preliminary results a field study conducted to compare oral information behaviour in and large and one small, developed country. Recognizing the interdependence between context and orality, the study asks whether a model developed to identify oral documents may be extended to study oral information in general and in different context. The poster present results from a field study with interview and observation data from a large and a small developed nation.
Data management and curation of research data in academic scientific research environments
Authors: Hayes Barrie , Harroun James , Temple Brenda
Published: January 2010

The Structural Bioinformatics Core Facility at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (SBI Core) assists researchers university‐wide in computational structural biology techniques and incorporating structural biology/bioinformatics into their grants and publications. The SBI Core works with a diverse population of researchers from numerous departments and provides support to an ever‐changing body of research. The computational biology services provided by the SBI Core are data‐intensive and use a diverse and distributed set of applications for processing, data storage, and data management.

As the amount of data and number of projects have increased, the SBI Core requires an effective strategy for managing data and facilitating data sharing between the SBI Core and the researchers it assists. The UNC‐CH Health Sciences Library (HSL) has begun a collaborative project with the SBI Core to identify the crucial data management needs and to envision new roles for the library in e‐science and data management. In partnership, the SBI Core and the HSL have identified major obstacles in data sharing, data management, and data access. Furthermore, the SBI Core and the HSL will develop solutions in which the library facilitates collaboration among campus resources and matches unmet needs to external resources. One of the library's goals in this proof‐of‐concept project with the SBI Core is to become a central campus resource for research support and data management.
Identifying, evaluating and recommending digital collections: A social community approach
Authors: Hall Catherine , Naughton Robin , Lin Xia
Published: January 2010

We are developing a community based digital collection repository. The goal of the system is to increase the visibility and use of digital collections by forming a publicly accessible online social community where everyone can share their knowledge and experience of using different collections. In this poster, we present our design of a digital collection system that will respond to the challenges of identification and organization of digital collections as well as incorporate a process for reviewing, ranking and recommending digital collections through the creation of an online digital collection community.