bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-band (28/38 GHz) MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Communications with Efficient DoA Estimation Algorithm in Noisy Channels
Authors: Farahat Asmaa , Hussein Khlaid
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a dual-band (28/38 GHz) linear antenna arrays of four and eight elements are proposed to work as a MIMO arrays for the 5G communication systems. Each element in the array is a dual-band Yagi-Uda antenna designed to operate at 28 and 38 GHz. The eight-elements array size has a total dimension of 79.4 mm x 9.65 mm excluding the feeding microstrip line. The maximum gain of the array is about 18 dB. The
peaks of correlation at matched angles (PCMA) technique is applied to determine the direction of arrival for multiple incoming signals. The effects of phase noise and additive
Gaussian noise on the error in the DoA estimation are studied showing good accuracy of the PCMA algorithm. Numerical and experimental investigations are achieved to assess the performance of both the single-element antenna and the eight-element MIMO linear antenna array. It is shown that the simulation results agree with the experimental measurements and both show good performance of the single antenna as well as the MIMO linear array system. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and the diversity gain (DG) are calculated and the results show that the proposed MIMO antenna system is
suitable for the forthcoming 5G mobile communications.
The radiation patterns for single antenna and four-element
array are measured and compared to the electromagnetic
simulation results showing good agreement.
Pemberian Pemahaman Mengenai Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) dan Protokol Kesehatan Dalam Bepergian di Masa Pandemi Kepada Masyarakat
Authors: Rusdiana Taofik , Putriana Norisca Aliza , Alhamdra Muhammad Habil Abrar , Sayyidah Shofiyyah
Published: April 2021

Seeing the development of the COVID-19 and the increasing number of new cases, WHO has published several updates, guidelines, and health protocols regarding this pandemic. The government of Indonesia has issued an appeal to the public to follow this health protocol. Various educational posters and videos have been widely published on social media, television stations and other communication media. One of the programs that the government always socializes during this pandemic is the implementation of  Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) or Clean and Healthy Behavior. The purpose of this Virtual Integrative Community Service program  is to find out the level of public knowledge about the importance of PHBS and traveling during a pandemic, especially in the AKB era. The methods used in this activity are surveys on community PHBS, surveys regarding travel activities during the pandemic, making PHBS videos and posters, and webinars on the use of herbs as an antistress and immunity enhancer. The partner community in this online KKN PPM activity is the Langensari village community, Solokanjeruk sub-district in particular and the general public who can access social media. The results of the traveling survey showed that out of 441 respondents, around 332 people did not have plans to travel. Of the 332 respondents who chose not to travel, around 229 respondents argued that they did not have a crucial interest, 142 respondents were worried about contracting COVID-19, 50 respondents said they did not have accommodation, and 102 respondents chose to continue traveling / traveling. The results of the PHBS survey are that most respondents have implemented PHBS with the most results being 99.3%, namely the choice of washing hands and using masks. Respondents who answered no to the third question gave answers to the causes of this in the form of lack of access to information (3.4%), laziness (6.9%), and lack of care (4.1%). The group activities of the 25 KKN-PPM Virtual Integrative have been carried out well and can increase community knowledge of PHBS and health protocols when traveling during a pandemic and increase knowledge about the use and manufacture of herbs to increase immunity.
Combatting the Danger of a Single Story: Empirical Comparison of Resource Availability among Ibadan Rural and Urban Pre-School Centers, Nigeria
Authors: Olalowo Iyanuoluwa Emmanuel , Salami Ishola Akindele
Published: April 2021

Learning in the early years of life is not just an intra-personal effort of the child alone; rather, it involves the interplay of several social factors, which can affect a child’s development. However, literature that considered and presented these factors as obtainable within preschools mostly revealed their facts and figures in a single story of either urban or rural preschools, cheering an uneven intervention from developmental agencies afterward. This study sought to provide an empirical comparison of the state of preschool resources in Ibadan rural and urban communities. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population includes public preschool centers in Ibadan. A proportionate stratified sampling technique was used to select 20% of the preschools from two selected local governments of Ibadan which represent the urban and rural communities. A total sample of 33 preschools was used. Data was collected using Pre-primary School Resources Availability Checklist (PREPSRAC, r = 0.89). Findings were that classroom resources are more available in urban preschools compared to rural pre-primary schools of Ibadan contrary to generalized remarks. Equity rather than equality of resources distribution is therefore recommended as a way of discontinuing the danger of a single story in pre-primary education for promoting equal learning.
Formation of Neutral Points in the Polarization Characteristics of Secondary Radiation in the Semi-Infinite Medium Model
Authors:   Fergana State University, Sobirov M.M.
Published: April 2021

This article studies the polarization characteristics of diffusely reflected backward radiation when illuminating a semiinfinite, light-scattering medium with unpolarized radiation. The formation of neutral Babine, Brewster and Arago polarization points in the angular polarization characteristics of the secondary radiation is shown. Comparison between the results of exact numerical calculations and approximate analytical formulas has been carried out and physical conditions for the appearance of neutral points depending on the angles of illumination and the multiplicity of scattering have been analyzed.
Developing Picture Describe For Elementary School Students' Speaking Skills
Authors: Farih Abdullah , Dewi Afifa Eka Kurniawati
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of this study is to help the English teachers easily to teach speaking in teaching English by describing picture. The activities are consists of reading, listening and talking. The researcher employed Research and Development method (RD) and adapted Borg and Galls’ model which consisted of five stages, namely 1) research and information collection, 2) planning, 3) develop preliminary form of product, 4) preliminary field of testing, and 5) main product revision. The researcher used three instruments to obtain the data such as interview, questionnaires and observation checklist. The obtained data will be classified based on the instrument used. The researcher shows the result by explaining them in quantitative and qualitative approach. The students needed supporting book in learning English that has attractive and colourful picture for students. The product is a describing picture book for elementary school entitled PICRIBE. The result of expert validation of the book is percentage of 4,0% and 4,5% is the result of expert validation ofthe materials. It means the bookis feasible as supporting media in learning speaking
Signifikansi Kebudayaan dalam Pendidikan : Refleksi Identitas Keberagaman Siswa di Ruang Kelas
Authors: Rahmawati Heni , Afifah Rosyidatul , Cholifah Fitri Nur , Rahman Arif
Published: April 2021

Abstract: : This study was conducted to gather sufficient information on the significance of culture in education by reflecting on the diversity identity of students in the classroom. The method used in this study is through the library (Library Search) which includes qualitative research carried out by reading literature, such as journals, books or magazines and other sources. The results of this study indicate that students in the classroom have a diversity of races, ethnicities, cultures, religions, languages, and groups, so multcultural education is very important to be reflected on students in the classroom, with this understanding it is hoped that students can carry out the Indonesian motto, "Bhinneka. Tunggal Ika ”. The application of this multicultural understanding also requires a variety of strategies for students such as discussions, observations, case studies, simulations, role playing, and others. Based on the results of this library search, it can be concluded that there are three phases carried out to reflect on the diversity in the classroom, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation.Abstrak: Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi yang cukup terhadap signifikasi kebudayaan dalam pendidikan dengan refleksi identitas keberagaman siswa diruang kelas. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini yaitu melalui kepustakaan (library search) yang termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan membaca literatur, seperti jurnal, buku, atau majalah dan sumber lainnya. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa diruang kelas mempunyai keberagaman ras, etnis, budaya, agama, bahasa, dan golongan, maka pendidikan multikultural sangat penting untuk direfleksikan terhadap siswa diruang kelas, dengan pemahaman tersebut diharapkan siswa dapat melaksanakan semboyan bangsa Indonesia yaitu “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”. Penerapan paham multikultural ini juga diperlukan strategi yang beragam terhadap peserta didik seperti diskusi, observasi, studi kasus, simulasi, bermain peran, dan lain-lain. Berdasarkan hasil library search ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada tiga fase yang dilakukan untuk merefleksi keberagaman yang ada di dalam kelas yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi.
Fighting COVID-19 in Ontario: The Way Forward
Authors:   Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table
Published: April 2021

One year into the COVID-19 pandemic, Ontario is now facing the most challenging health crisis of our time. Our case counts are at an all-time high. Our hospitals are buckling. Younger people are getting sicker. The disease is ripping through whole families. The variants of concern that now dominate COVID-19 in Ontario are, in many ways, a new pandemic. And Ontario needs stronger measures to control the pandemic. If we want to bring cases under control, protect our health system and reopen as quickly as possible, this is the way forward.
Improvement in knowledge of healthcare professionals attending Neonatal Life Support(NeoLiS) training workshop
Authors: Zeeshan Munir  , Sikandar Hayat  , Bushra Fatima  , Muhammad Anwar  , Mazhar Qadir  , Irfan Waheed
Published: April 2021

Objective:Pakistan ranks among the countries with highest neonatal mortality rate. Birth related event (Asphyxia neonatorum) is one of the three most common causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. Effective resuscitation during the Golden Minute can improve the mortality and morbidity. In Pakistan, a training programme NeoLiS (Neonatal Life Support) was developed in 2008 which was based on guidelines of ILCOR. The objective of this study was to assess the improvement in knowledge of healthcare professionals attending Neonatal Life Support training workshop.
Methods:It was a retrospective cross sectional study that was conducted in the Neonatology Department of the Children’s Hospital, Lahore. A total of 52 workshops were conducted in 2017-18 in which 1350 health professionals were participated including doctors, nurses and paramedics. Data of all the training workshops were analysed in the study. Knowledge was tested through true/false questionnaires. The results of pre-course test were compared with respective post-course test by entering the data in SPSS and significance in improvement of knowledge was calculated by applying paired t-test. p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Mean of pre-course and post-course results of all the participants were calculated and post-course results showed significant improvement in knowledge as compared to pre-course tests. Similarly, paired t-test was performed for all the results of doctors,nurses and paramedics on individual basis. The p-value in all groups was < 0.01 which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Neonatal Life Support (NeoLiS) training course resulted in significant gain in knowledge about neonatal resuscitation by healthcare professionals when assessed 
Continuous...
Structured Long Interview and Clinical Examination (SLICE) as Formative Assessment Tool in Clinical Clerkship: Medical Students Perspective
Authors: Wajiha Shadab  , Amna Ahmed Noor  , Saira Waqqar  , Gul Muhammad Shaikh
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the medical students’ opinions and views on undertaking SLICE as a formative assessment.
Methods: This was a qualitative, exploratory study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select final year medical students who have undertaken a formative assessment through SLICE in their clerkship rotation. Total 32 students participated in this study .Four sets of focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted from medical students who had recently gone through their clinical clerkship modules for Pediatrics, General Medicine, General Surgery and Gynecology& Obstetrics. Each recorded FGD was transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted manually. Themes were identified from the transcribed data, coded and analyzed. In order to achieve adequate coding and researcher reliability, investigator triangulation was performed. The initial thematic analysis was performed by the primary investigator. Thereafter, two more investigators independently analyzed the data. Before the data was finalized, all the three investigators reached a final consensus upon the themes that had emerged, ensuring triangulation of the analyzed data.
Results: A four staged thematic analysis was conducted, in which five major themes and five sub-themes emerged. The main themes being: Purpose, Learning, Timing, Relevancy and Fairness of SLICE.
Conclusion: The students generally thought that SLICE was effective in enhancing their clinical skills learning and should be conducted more frequently with minor adjustments.
Continuous...
Climate Change and Impacts of Extreme Events on Human Health: An Overview
Authors: Aadil Gulzar  , Tajamul Islam  , Ruquia Gulzar  , Tabasum  Hassan
Published: April 2021

The causes of climate patchy rope in heat up temperature, change in precipitation, degree of utmost conditions occasions like melting of glaciers, polar ice-caps, mount in sea levels, etc. These impacts eventually fall our income by touching the rations we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe and the earth somewhere we live. Frequent impacts caused fitting to excessive exposure of heat waves such as round stroke, dehydration, cardiovascular, respiratory and neural comborbidities. Climate conversion alters the ecology of vectors and these vectors are capable of have in stock causal agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa from animals to humans. Malaria, tick-borne encephalitis, fair fever, plague, and dengue obtain lengthened their geographical ranges as their carriers migrated to privileged latitudes. Droughts canister take part in adverse property on being health, as they over and over again suggest itself in mishmash with other sit out conditions, such as warm waves, wildfires and dust storms. Reduced water quantity may cause decreased water flow during periods of drought, encouraging the development of pathogens which prefer dry, stagnant environments. Altering climatic situation know how to be attributed to mounting international temperatures, spread in the dimensions of ambient fill up fumes and changes in the announce motion as mutual together. Extreme season and climate-related actions are famous to set off fundamental infrastructure failures, lucrative harm and relocation of communities, ensuing in a quantity of health problems.
MODEL PENANGGULANGAN MANAJEMEN STRES KERJA PADA LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Aryani Rita , Citriadin Yudin , Ismail Lalu Muhamad
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji manajemen stres di tempat kerja, mengoreksi temuan penelitian terkait dengan manajemen stres kerja di lingkungan pendidikan. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi sastra. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah kombinasi analisis isi kronologis sesuai dengan literatur/literatur yang sedang dipelajari. Hasil penelitian, bahwa beberapa peradaban saat ini terasa semakin berat dan tampak kejam, dan membuat semua orang berusaha untuk berjuang lebih keras dan tidak pernah menyerah untuk menaklukkannya. Salah satu faktor pemicu terjadinya stres di lingkungan kerja adalah faktor pribadi, faktor organisasi, dan faktor lingkungan. Cara untuk mengelola stres kerja adalah program klinis, program organisasi, dan penanggulangan secara independen. Dampak dari makalah ini adalah untuk mengurangi tingkat stres dan menghindari bunuh diri.
DAMPAK PEMIKIRAN ORIENTALIS DI INDONESIA PADA MASA KOLONIAL
Authors: Syukri Syukri
Published: April 2021

The Indonesian people had been colonized by the Dutch for 360 years. During that time, many things were done by the Dutch towards Indonesia. The policies issued by the Dutch were much influenced by the advice given by their political advisors. Political advisers (Orientalists) who are quite well known are Stanford Thomas Raffles, William Masrden, and Cristian Snouck Hurgronje. These three political advisors gave accurate advice to the Dutch government in order to influence patterns of social life in Indonesian society. In the field of religion, especially Islam, Thomas S. Raffles and Marsden argue that the teachings of Islam do not give the slightest color to Indonesian culture. Indonesian culture is purely dug out of local customs. Yet in reality, it is the teachings of Islam that characterize the lives of Indonesian people. In the political field, the Dutch were able to conquer the Aceh region on the advice of Snouck Hurgronje who had previously mastered the ins and outs of the Aceh region. In the area of ​​customary law, Snouck with his receptie theory says that indigenous peoples basically only apply customary law; Islamic law can only apply if the norms of Islamic law have been accepted by the community as Adat law. The receptie-Snouck theory, after independence, can be broken by indigenous jurists by proposing their own theories, namely; first, the receptie exit theory by Hazairin. Second, the theory of receptio a contrario by H. Sayuti Thalib, and Third, the theory of existence by H. Ichtijanto SA.
A Custom Robotic ARM in CoppeliaSim
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Aithal P. S.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: For robotics research, we require the robot to test our functions, Logics, algorithms, tasks, etc. Generally, we do not experiment with the practical robot. The primary issue is Practical robots are costly. The individual researcher usually cannot afford it. The second one is, the test with the real robot is risky and can damage property, human life, and itself due to bugs in the program or abnormal activity. So, it is best practice to experiment in Simulator first. When the algorithm is finalized, it can be implemented into a real robot. A researcher who starts the Robotics research, the learning curve is too long to develop a workable robot in Simulator. This paper demonstrates how we can easily create a 7 Degree of Freedom (DOF) custom robot for our research purpose. We will use the CoppeliaSim robot simulator for this purpose. It is free, opensource, and entirely GUI-based. We can create a robot without writing any code using this software. Design/Methodology/Approach: Here we describe to develop a custom robot. At first, we created a DH parameter for our robot. Then following the step-by-step procedure, the robot is created. After creating, we can attach our code on any object using LUA script language. To control the robot from external world, we can connect through TCP/IP socket communication. Establishing the communication, our robot will move depending on processed algorithm. Findings/Result: The robotic arm researcher needs robotics arm to test their forward kinematics, Inverse kinematics, statics, dynamics etc. code. Here we design our custom robots for research purpose. Originality/Value: Using CoppeliaSim, we can design custom robot for our research. Paper Type: Simulation based Research
Paediatric paediatric tracheostomy: Changing indications and key complications
Authors: Movio Guilherme , Ahmed Ms Shadaba
Published: April 2021

Background: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a procedure used to ventilate children through a hole in the trachea. Indications for the procedure were once primarily for acute upper airway obstruction due to infections but have now changed. Generally, there is poor knowledge surrounding tracheostomies and a limited knowledge of guidelines amongst health-care professionals.

Aim: The aim of this review is to discuss the basis of changes to the indications of paediatric tracheostomy. It  will also investigate the key complications related to the procedure and discuss the importance of multidisciplinary teams being aware of the emergency algorithms for dealing with such complications.

Findings: Indications have changed due to advancements in medicine with increased life expectancy and survival rates for children with often life threatening congenital conditions. Tracheostomies can offer these children long term ventilatory support. Upper airway obstructions due to infections are now infrequently indicated for tracheostomy due to successful vaccination programs. Complications today are because of obstructions and decannulations. Intra-operative complications are infrequent, due to refinements in surgical technique.

Conclusion: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a rapidly evolving field because of continuous advancements in neonatal and intensive care medicine. The indications and complications have changed together over the last four decades. A greater understanding of tracheostomy complications is requiredfor successful management.
Stabilization Characteristics of Different Loose Sandy Soils using Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation
Authors: MOHAMED Naglaa , HAFEZ Nehad , EL-MAHLLAWY Medhat , SHARAKY Abbas
Published: April 2021

Loose sands (siliceous, silty, and calcareous classes) are extensively found near arid areas in Egypt. Furthermore, many geotechnical structures, like water channels and roads, may be constructed on weak or loose sand soils. The geotechnical behavior of loose sands is usually connected with different interdependent problems, such as high permeability, low shear strength, low bearing capacity, high seepage, and low stability. This work characterized the effect of stabilization of the siliceous, silty, and calcareous sandy soils via biocementation process using Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria as a potential eco, commercial, and engineering solution. This was carried out using bacteria, fixation, and cementation solutions (BFC) at different times number additions. The results indicated that the addition times of solution have a remarkable effect on the physical and mechanical properties of sandy soils. The results also proved that the precipitation of calcite by the bacterial activity led to cohesion of soil grains, and this increased the resistance of soils to deterioration. In addition, the high content of the precipitated calcium carbonate enhanced the shear strength and the unconfined compressive strength and decreased the soil permeability. S. pasteurii bacteria can be used successfully and commercially in the biocementation process for siliceous sand, silty sand, and calcareous sandy soils in Egypt using the recommended conditions and mixes.
НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ В ОПТИКЕ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ
Authors: Кабиденова Жулдыз Дюсенбаевна , Турлыбекова Айгуль Мухаметхановна
Published: April 2021

Статья освещает проблему взаимосвязи феномена национальной идентичности с современными реалиями пандемии, в которой дан анализ ряда исследований возможных трансформаций в национальных государствах и необходимости пересмотреть ее оптику под углом новых реалий. Концепции национальной идентичности в национальных государствах подвергаются возможным серьезным изменениям и могут изменить мир-порядок в каждом локальном случае. Контуры идентичности в современном мире стали зыбкими и включают в себя многокомпонентную структуру, в которую входят все сферы человеческой жизнедеятельности. До пандемии ситуация в Казахстане имела четко обозначенные ориентиры национальной идентичности вкупе с программами развития страны. Сегодня же ситуация требует глубокого и рационального подхода, где укрепление национальной идентичности может сыграть ключевую роль в укреплении общественного здоровья.
Segway : Electric Hover Board
Authors: Vadak Prof. Paurnima , Rane Simran , Gawas Uddhav , Rane Omkar , Jadhav Sourabh
Published: April 2021

The Segway is an electronic transporter device which is battery powered and was invented by Dean Kamen. The Segway was first regulated in the US in 2002. It can be drive standing up and took one year of media promotion before its regulation. The device has wheels attached to a padlock that facilitates the standing of the rider. The control of the Segway remains in its handle and is easily adaptable. In order to ride the Segway successfully the rider must control the Segway wheels through the controls provided on each side of the handle. The device is easy to use and promotes the cause of Eco-Friendly Transportation.
The unexplored potential of virtual reality for cultural learning
Authors: Berti Margherita
Published: April 2021

Educational technology tools that improve learning and foster engagement are constantly sought by teachers and researchers. In the domain of Computer-Assisted Language Learning a variety of tools, for instance blogs and podcasts, have been used to promote language and cultural learning (Shih, 2015). More recently, virtual reality has been identified as a technology with great potential for the creation of meaningful and contextualized learning experiences. Despite the  learning affordances of virtual reality, in language education most of the literature has focused on the low-immersive version, whereas research investigating highly immersive virtual environments has only emerged in recent years (e.g., Berti, 2019; Blyth, 2018). In other fields, the use of highly immersive virtual reality has been compared to traditional pedagogical resources and demonstrated that students’ learning improved with the use of virtual environments as compared to two-dimensional video and textbook learning conditions (Allcoat & von Mühlenen, 2018). Considering the potential learning benefits of this technology, this paper argues that longitudinal empirical research in language education is strongly needed to investigate its potential unexplored impact on language and cultural learning.
Language learning with Netflix: from extensive to intra-formal learning
Authors: Alm Antonie
Published: April 2021

This article introduces the concept of intra-formal learning. Building on approaches to extended learning (in reading, listening and viewing) it suggests that instead of extending learning from formal into personal learning spaces, learners should be encouraged to draw on informal learning experiences to extend learning opportunities in formal settings. The concept is illustrated through extended viewing. With the emergence of Netflix as a global provider of international and multi-lingual TV, language learners have unprecedented access to second language video. Mainstream media has picked up on the opportunities of this resource for language learning, as have many informal language learners who share their experiences on social media. The pilot study presented in this article examines the viewing behaviour of 12 intermediate German language students who engaged in out-of-class viewing of self-selected German TV series over a period of three weeks. Drawing parallels between principles of extensive learning and emerging patterns from the data analysis of the participants’ reflective blog entries, the findings suggest that the principles of variety and frequency apply similarly to extensive and intra-formal learning, and that appropriate use of learning strategies develop through reflective viewing.
Pengaruh Serat Agave Sisalana terhadap Kekuatan Flexural Komposit Resin Akrilik dan Gliserol
Authors: Susanto Riswan E. W. , Maskuri Maskuri , M.B. Ahmad Dony
Published: April 2021

Penggunaan gipsum sebagai pelindung tulang patah  dirasakan karena ketidak nyamanan disebabkana kelembapan, atau dengan kata lain gipsum sangat dirugikan apabila terkena air. Telah diupayakan penelitian-penelitian yang menggunakan bahan dasar bio-material dan tiruan yang aman bagi kesehatan manusia dengan pendekatan dari fungsi lain seperti bahan penyusun gusi gigi yang terbuatdari polimer, seperti bahan dasar gigi tiruan yang berbahan resin akrilik. Resin Akrilik (HC) Heat Cured digunakan karena memiliki sifat anti toksik, anti iritasi, tidak mudah larut dalam mulut, baik dalam estetik, kemudahan dalam manipulasi dan diperbaiki serta perubahan dimensinya kecil. Dimana perbandingan resin akrilik (gr) dan gliserol (mL) sebesar (1:0,8) dan serat  agave sisalana sebesar 20%, 30%, dan 40% (m/v). Kekuatan Flexural komposit tertinggi pada serat sisal yang 30% sebesar 181.09 N/mm2, serta terendah serat 20% sebesar 154.11 N/mm2, sedangkan serat sisal 40% sebesar 165.61 N/mm2. Menunjukan bahwa penambahan Serat mampu meningkatkan kekuatan Flexural, tetapi bila melampaui nilai maksimum maka penambahan Serat akan menurunkan kekuatannya sehingga  nilai ikatan  menurun yang memungkinkan terjadinya ruang mikroporositas resin akrilik heat cured terisi oleh residu sisa. Hasil analisis uji Levene diperoleh probabilitas 0,664, berarti data tersebut homogen. Sedangkan analisis dengan One-Way Anova diperoleh F hitung 2,598.
Kata kunci: Serat Agave Sisal, Resin Akrilik Heat Cured, Komposit, Kekuatan Flexural
Impact of technical and professional developments on audit risks Review study
Authors: Ramo Waheed Mahmood , Mohammed Abdulwahid Ghazi
Published: April 2021

The research provides an attempt to identify the effects of technical and professional developments on audit risks, important of these developments are cloud computing, blockchain, electronic commerce, fair value and corporate governance. Considering that these developments represent the modern environment for auditing in general and auditing risks in particular. Therefore, the nature of these developments and their relationship to auditing and their impact on audit risks have been clarified, leading to the determination of the implications of these developments on audit risks and the requirements to keep up with developments (technical and professional) in the field of audit risk assessment.
Improving Indoor Localization System Using a Partitioning Technique Based on RSS and ToA
Authors: Mosleh Mahmood F . , Abed Faeza A. , Hamza Zahraa Abbas
Published: April 2021

Designing a localization system for an indoor environment faces more challenges because of multipath and interference problems. In this field, the most important techniques used for such environment, are RSS and ToA which need to be improved especially from more interference because of the huge multipath problems. In this paper, a case study of a selected building is chosen in order to apply the proposed technique of this research. Such proposal is based on the PT ‎ of the area in the case study into MZ. Each zone is allocated special values for the parameters used to estimate the target positions. WI package is used to simulate the case study area and apply such proposal based on RSS and ToA. The results confirm that the estimated locations are close to the real locations by the average error of (2.8) meter and (0.192) meter for ToA corresponding one zone and four zones ‎respectively. ‎ In contrast, the results of our experiment show that the accuracy is improved from an average error of (2.4) meter and (0.217) meter for RSS corresponding one zone and four zones ‎respectively‎. Such results confirm that dividing the case study area into more zones leads to more accuracy.
Conocimiento tradicional de plantas distractoras para fauna nociva en milpas de Santa Catarina, Tepoztlán, Morelos
Authors: Ayala  Enríquez María Inés , Cuevas Salgado María Idalia , Román Montes de Oca Erika
Published: April 2021

Desde épocas prehispánicas, los campesinos para proteger los cultivos de maíz han recurrido al uso de plantas distractoras para insectos, aves y roedores. La tecnología agrícola moderna desafortunadamente ha desplazado este conocimiento tradicional, aunque aún es posible encontrarlo en comunidades campesinas, por lo que la recuperación sistemática de estos saberes puede representar un valioso aporte de la estrategia agroecológica campesina para superar factores ambientales adversos. En este contexto, en la comunidad de origen náhuatl, Santa Catarina, municipio de Tepoztlán, Morelos, se realizó el presente trabajo para rescatar este conocimiento tradicional mediante 56 entrevistas estructuradas con técnicas cualitativas, como la observación participativa, de la que se obtuvo información sobre el total de especies distractoras, que fue de 12 silvestres y una cultivada, pertenecientes a ocho familias botánicas. Nueve especies presentaron follaje suculento que los campesinos ofrecen a las hormigas como alimento para distraerlas de posible ataque al maíz; las plantas más utilizadas fueron: el hueyamatl (Sapium macrocarpum), Trichilia hirta, Leucaena macrophylla y Bocconia arborea. Como distractor de aves y roedores usan maíz popoyote (granos podridos de Zea mays) para alimentarlos; también las plantas de teocintle (Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis) en fructificación son distractores de roedores. Para ahuyentar insectos, principalmente al gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda), algunos campesinos siembran cempasúchil alrededor de la milpa.
Еvaluation of the sensitivity of bacteriophage preparations to Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from the colon microbiota in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Grigorova E. V. , Rychkova L. V. , Belkova N. L. , Nemchenko U. M. , Savelkaeva M. V. , Kungurtseva E. A. , Voropaeva N. M.
Published: April 2021

The level of sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from children of the first half of life with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) to commercial bacteriophage preparations was assessed. The material was the feces of 67 children of the first half of life with FGID who are breastfed. Culture of K. pneumoniae isolated from faeces of children, amounted to two comparison groups, depending on the age of the patients. The first group included 43 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from the colon of children aged from birth to three months, in the second group - 24 strains, from children aged three to six months. The composition of the colon microbiota was studied using standard methods, and the results were evaluated in accordance with Industry Standard 91500.11.0004-2003. Identification of K. pneumoniae was performed by bacteriological methods. Determination of the level of lytic activity of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella polyvalent and sextaphage bacteriophages to K. pneumoniae strains was conducted by the drip method (spot-test) according to clinical recommendations. It is shown that the formation of FGID symptoms in children correlates with age - the frequency of regurgitation decreased in children up to six months (from 23.3% to 4.2%) against the background of the formation of a symptom complex associated with defecation disorder. Bacteriological analysis showed that in General, phages show a low level of lytic activity, sensitivity to them Klebsiella also correlated with age and was higher in children of three to six months. Thus, in the first comparison group, the absence of Klebsiella lysis in relation to the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage was registered three times more often (30.2%, p<0.05) and twice less often (30.2%, p<0.05), the low level of lysis of K. pneumoniae strains to the Klebsiella polyvalent phage compared to the second group. The sensitivity of K. pneumoniae strains to sextaphage was comparable in comparison groups and varied from 2 to 10%. Thus, among the studied K. pneumoniae observed a low level of sensitivity to specific drugs - bacteriophage Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella polyvalent and sextaphage. This fact reflects the insufficient activity of phages and predicts low effectiveness of empirical phage therapy without elimination from the intestinal biocenosis of K. pneumoniae in children with FGID who are breastfed.
Cases of Q fever detected in residents of the novosibirsk region hospitalized with suspection of infections transmitted by ticks
Authors: Bondarenko E. I. , Filimonova E. S. , Krasnova E. I. , Krinitsina E. V. , Tkachev S. E.
Published: April 2021

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever (coxiellosis), which, in addition to acute manifestations, often occurs in a latent form, is prone to chronic course and, in the absence of antibiotic therapy, has a high risk of disability or death. As a result of the presence of a wide range of clinical manifestations specific to other infectious diseases, the use of laboratory test methods (LTM) is required to make a diagnosis. The presence of Q fever anthropurgic foci in the Novosibirsk region was described in the 90s of the last century, but due attention to its laboratory diagnostics is not paid in this region. The aim of the study was to identify genetic and serological markers of the causative agent, C. burnetii, in patients of the Novosibirsk region who were admitted for treatment with fever with suspected tick-borne infections (TBIs). DNA marker of the causative agent of Q fever was detected in blood samples by real time PCR in 9 out of 325 patients. In three patients, the presence of C. burnetii DNA was confirmed by sequencing of the IS1111 and htpB gene fragments. In ELISA tests, antibodies against the causative agent of coxiellosis were detected in the blood sera of 4 patients with positive results of PCR analysis. Contact with tick was registered in 7 out of 9 patients who had C. burnetii DNA and lacked markers of other TBIs. Six people were infected in the Novosibirsk region, two suffered from tick’s bite in Altai, and one case was from the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Thus, a complex approach using both PCR analysis and ELISA provided the identification of markers of the Q fever causative agent in patients admitted with suspected TBIs, thereby differentiating it from other infections. Contact with ticks in most cases suggests that infection with C. burnetii had a transmissible pathway.
EFFECT OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON CONSUMER BASED BRAND EQUITY OF MICRO ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA
Authors: ONANA Kingsley
Published: April 2021

Micro enterprises in Nigeria lack brand equity in terms of customers awareness for distinct Nigerian micro enterprises brands, trust in perceived quality for micro enterprises products, loyalty and brand associations which limits their ability to perform well despite use of digital marketing. This study sought to ascertain the effect of digital marketing on consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) of micro enterprises in Nigeria with social media marketing, email marketing, mobile marketing, web solutions marketing, search engine optimization and pay per click advertising as the independent variables of the study, while micro enterprises consumer-based brand equity was the dependent variable of the study. The study adopted survey research design with a sample of 400 respondents from a population of micro enterprises’ customers who were registered active internet users in the country. Factor Analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed in analyzing the primary data collected for the study from structured questionnaire in google forms electronic survey tool. The study found that social media and mobile marketing have positive but insignificant effect on the brand equity of micro enterprises while webs solutions has a negative but insignificant effect. Email, search engine optimization and pay-per-click on the other hand have positive significant effects on brand equity of micro enterprises in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that email, search engine optimization and pay-per-click usage can be continued, while social media, web solutions and mobile marketing should be improved to a point where their effects can be positive and significant. Keywords: Digital Marketing, Consumer Based Brand Equity, Micro Enterprises, Nigeria
Evaluating consistency between total column CO2 retrievals from OCO-2 and the in-situ network over North America: Implications for carbon flux estimation
Authors: Rastogi Bharat , Miller John B. , Trudeau Micheal , Andrews Arlyn E. , Hu Lei , Mountain Marikate , Nehrkorn Thomas , Mund John , Guan Kaiyu , Alden Caroline B.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Feedbacks between the climate system and the carbon cycle represent a key source of uncertainty in model projections of Earth’s climate, in part due to our inability to directly measure large scale biosphere-atmosphere carbon fluxes. In-situ measurements of CO2 mole fraction from surface flasks, towers and aircraft are used in inverse models to infer fluxes, but measurement networks remain sparse, with limited or no coverage over large parts of the planet. Satellite retrievals of total column CO2 (XCO2), such as those from NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), can potentially provide unprecedented global information about CO2 spatiotemporal variability. However, for use in inverse modeling, data need to be extremely stable, highly precise and unbiased to distinguish abundance changes emanating from surface fluxes from those associated with variability in weather. Systematic errors in XCO2 have been identified and, while bias correction algorithms are applied globally, inconsistencies persist at regional and smaller scales that may complicate or confound flux estimation. To evaluate XCO2 retrievals and assess potential biases, we compare OCO-2 v10 retrievals with in-situ data-constrained XCO2 simulations over North America estimated using surface fluxes and boundary conditions optimized with observations that are rigorously calibrated relative to the WMO X2007 CO2 scale. Systematic errors in simulated atmospheric transport are independently evaluated using unassimilated aircraft and AirCore profiles. We find that the global OCO-2 v10 bias correction shifts the distribution of retrievals closer to the simulated XCO2, as intended. Comparisons between bias corrected and simulated XCO2 reveal differences that vary seasonally. Importantly, the difference between simulations and retrievals is of the same magnitude as the imprint of recent surface flux in the total column. This work demonstrates that systematic errors in OCO-2v10 retrievals of XCO2 over land can be large enough to confound reliable surface flux estimation and that further improvements in retrieval and bias correction techniques are essential. Finally, we show that independent observations, especially vertical profile data, such as from NOAA’s aircraft and AirCore programs are critical for evaluating errors in both satellite retrievals and carbon-cycle models.
How weather events modify aerosol particle size distributions in the Amazon boundary layer
Authors: Toledo Machado Luiz Augusto , Franco Marco A. , Kremper Leslie A. , Ditas Florian , Andreae Meinrat O. , Artaxo Paulo , Cecchini Micael A. , Holanda Bruna A. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Saraiva Ivan , Wolff Stefan , Pöschl Ulrich , Pöhlker Christopher
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This study evaluates the effect of weather events on the aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). This research combines in-situ measurements of PSD and remote sensing data of lightning density, brightness temperature, cloud top height, cloud liquid water, and rain rate and vertical velocity. Measurements were obtained by a scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS), the new generation of GOES satellites (GOES-16), the SIPAM S-band radar, and the LAP 3000 radar wind profiler recently installed at the ATTO-Campina site. The combined data allow exploring changes in PSD due to different meteorological processes. The average diurnal cycle shows a higher abundance of ultrafine particles (NUFP) in the early morning, which is coupled with lower concentrations in Aitken (NAIT) and accumulation (NACC) mode particles. From the early morning to the middle of the afternoon, an inverse behavior is observed, where NUFP decreases and NAIT and NACC increase, reflecting a typical particle growth process. Composite figures show an increase of NUFP before, during, and after lightning was detected by the satellite above ATTO. These findings strongly indicate a close relationship between vertical transport and deep convective clouds. Lightning density is connected with a large increase in NUFP, beginning approximately 100 minutes before the maximum lightning density and reaching peak values around 200 minutes later. In addition, the removal of NACC by convective transport was found. Both the increase in NUFP and the decrease in NACC appear in parallel with the increasing intensity of lightning activity. The NUFP increases exponentially with the thunderstorm intensity. In contrast, NAIT and NACC show a different behavior, decreasing from approximately 100 minutes before the maximum lightning activity and reaching a minimum at the time of maximum lightning activity. The effect of cloud top height, cloud liquid water, and rain rate shows the same behavior, but with different patterns among seasons. The convective processes do not occur continually but are modulated by gravity waves in the range of 1 to 5 hours, creating a complex mechanism of interaction with a succession of updrafts and downdrafts, clouds and clear sky situations. The radar wind profiler measured the vertical distribution of the vertical velocity. These profiles show that downdrafts are mainly located below 10 km, while aircraft observations during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign had shown maximum concentrations of ultrafine particles mainly above 10 km. Our study opens new scientific questions to be evaluated in order to understand the intricate physical and chemical mechanisms involved in the production of new particles in Amazonia.