bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processability and mechanical properties of bisbenzoxazine modified by the cardanol-based aromatic diamine benzoxazine
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Zhang Yiyang , Zhou Qianhao , Ling Hong , Gu Yi
Published: May 2014

To improve the processability and toughness of bisbenzoxazine, a series of cardanol-based aromatic diamine benzoxazine (BZ-Xc) monomers were synthesized from cardanol, formaldehyde aqueous solution and aromatic diamines with different bridging groups such as -CH2-, -O- and -SO2-. The curing behavior, viscosity, thermal and mechanical properties of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM)-based bisbenzoxazine (BM) and BZ-Xc copolymers were studied systematically. The results demonstrate that the plasticizing effect and flexibility of the alkyl side chain on BZ-Xc significantly reduced the melting viscosity of BM/BZ-Xc blends and improved the toughness of the copolymers. At the same time, the heat-resistant and mechanical properties of the copolymers were retained, because of the bifunctional structure of BZ-Xc. Moreover, the melting viscosity, glass transition temperature and curing temperature of the corresponding copolymers were increased as the result of rigidity and electron-withdrawing effects of the -SO2- bridging group compared to others.
Influence of polymer concentration in casting solution and solvent-solute-membrane interactions on performance of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) nanofiltration membrane in alcohol solvents
Authors: Sani N.A.A. , Lau W.J. , Ismail A.F.
Published: May 2014

In this work, the performances of solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes made of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) were evaluated with respect to alcohol solvent (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) flux and dye rejection. The experimental results showed that the solvent flux decreased while dye rejection increased with increasing polymer concentration in the casting solution from 17 wt% to 25 wt%. Apart from molecular size of the solute and viscosity of the solvent, the affinity between the solvent and the membrane was also confirmed to play a significant role in affecting the transport rate of the solvent through the membrane. With respect to the effect of solvent properties and solute size on the dye rejection of solvent-dye mixtures, it was found that the variation of dye rejection is governed by solvent-solute-membrane interactions. The solvent-solute interaction causes the same solute to have different solute size in each tested solvents, whereas the solvent-membrane interaction would result in a change in membrane pore size, leading to different separation efficiency. However, it must pointed out that solvent-membrane interaction is more pronounced compared to solvent-solute interaction, as the dye rejection of ethanol solution is reportedly higher than that of methanol, even though the size of solute in ethanol is smaller compared to its size in methanol.
Influence of the redox state on the neptunium sorption under alkaline conditions: Batch sorption studies on titanium dioxide and calcium silicate hydrates
Authors: Tits Jan , Gaona Xavier , Laube Andreas , Wieland Erich
Published: May 2014

Wet chemistry experiments were carried out to investigate the effect
of the redox state and aqueous speciation on the uptake of neptunium
by titanium dioxide (TiO2) and by calcium silicate hydrates
(C-S-H) under alkaline conditions. TiO2 was chosen as a reference
sorbent to determine the surface complexation behaviour of neptunium
under alkaline conditions. C-S-H phases are important constituents
of cement and concrete. They may contribute significantly to
radionuclide retention due to their high recrystallization rates
making incorporation the dominating sorption mechanism for many
radionuclides (e.g. the actinides) on these materials. The
sorption of neptunium on both solids was found to depend strongly on
the degree of hydrolysis. On TiO2
R
d values for
Np(IV), Np(V) and Np(VI) are identical at pH = 10 and decrease with
progressing hydrolysis in case of Np(V) and Np(VI). On C-S-H phases,
R
d values for the three redox states are also identical at
pH = 10. While the R
d values for Np(VI) sorption on
C-S-H phases decrease with progressing hydrolysis, the R
d
values for Np(IV) and Np(V) sorption are not affected by the pH. In
addition to the effect of hydrolysis, the presence of Ca is found to
promote Np(V) and Np(VI) sorption on TiO2 whereas on C-S-H
phases, the present wet chemistry data do not give unambiguous
evidence. Thus, the aqueous speciation appears to have a similar
influence on the sorption of the actinides on both types of solids
despite the different sorption mechanism.

The similar R
d values for Np(IV,V,VI) sorption at pH = 10 can be explained qualitatively by invoking inter-ligand electrostatic repulsion between OH groups in the coordination sphere of Np(V) and Np(VI). This mechanism was proposed earlier in the literature for the prediction of actinide complexation constants with inorganic ligands. A limiting coordination number for each Np redox state, resulting from the inter-ligand electrostatic repulsion, allows the weaker sorption of the highest hydrolysed Np(V,VI) species to be explained.
Low velocity impact behaviour of glass fabric/epoxy honeycomb core sandwich composites
Authors: Prakash Antony Arul , Mohan Bangaru , Rajadurai Arunachalam , Jaswin Arockia
Published: May 2014

In this paper, the low velocity impact characteristics of honeycomb sandwich panels with varying cell sizes such as the maximum load absorbed, absorbed energy and failure modes were investigated. Low-velocity impact tests were carried out at different energy levels using an instrumented drop-weight apparatus as per ASTM D3029-95. Honeycomb core sandwich composite panels were made with glass fabric/epoxy honeycomb core with different cell sizes i.e., 8, 12, 16 and 20 mm using the vacuum bag molding technique. Tests were conducted at impact energies that ranged ranging from 7 to 50 J. The energy absorption mechanism and the damage process are analysed with parameters derived from the load-time and energy-time curves. It is observed that at low energy levels, the core buckles while it gets crushed at higher levels. This buckling of the core is due to damage to the epoxy resin that allows the glass fiber to bend freely, and core crushing is due to the breakage of the glass fiber reinforcement within the core. It is inferred that for a given core height, as the cell size increases, the peak load at which cracking occurs in the face sheet decreases drastically. This is attributed to the fact that a core with a smaller cell size has fewer load paths to distribute the absorbed energy. It is evident from the post impact damage analysis that three types of failure modes occur viz., crack initiation, cracking of the face sheet along with debonding, and the crushing of cells. The common damage pattern observed on the front facing has a square shape which is the same as the shape of the indentor.
Anwendung der Leaky Lamb-Welle im akustischen
Wellenleiter zur Messung von
Flüssigkeitseigenschaften
Authors: Rautenberg Jens , Faustmann Hendrik , Münch Michael
Published: May 2014

Wenn sich eine Lamb-Welle auf einer einseitig mit Flüssigkeit beladenen
Platte ausbreitet, strahlt sie einen Teil ihrer Energie in die
Flüssigkeit ab. Dort kann sie als Leaky-Welle im Zickzack zwischen zwei
Platten geführt werden. Mit jeder Reflektion konvertiert die Welle
teilweise zurück, was auf den Empfangssignalen einen charakteristischen
Fingerabdruck hinterlässt, den es auszuwerten gilt. Dazu wird in Theorie
und Praxis eine neue Methode vorgestellt, die alle Zustandsvariablen der
Flüssigkeit (Schallgeschwindigkeit, Dichte, Temperatur und
Viskosität) und deren Einfluss auf die Empfangssignalparameter bei der
Auswertung berücksichtigt.
Burning Rate of Composite Propellants under the Conditions of Strain
Authors: Hu Songqi , Chen Jing , Wu Guanjie , Liu Yingji , Hua Yijin
Published: May 2014

In this work, a correlation between propellant burning rate and strain was established. In order to investigate the effects of strain and pressure, and to measure burning rate of composite propellants, a novel apparatus was designed and prepared. Burning rates of three formula composite propellants under different pressures and strains were measured using such device. Based on the measurements, a model for the analysis on the experimental results was proposed. It was demonstrated that the model corresponded with the experimental data if the propellant samples were under tensile strain increasing from 0 to 20%. Burning rate ratio and tensile strain obeyed the quadratic relationship, burning rate increased with strain, but there was no mutation in less than 20% deformation. Furthermore, burning rate ratio of composite propellants which had low Poisson ratio increased fast as tensile strain decreased. And the less binder component of composite propellants, the burning ratio changed more significantly under a given strain state. In addition, as the exposed area increased, the burning rate ratio became larger.
TRANSLATION PRACTICE AND TRANSLATION THEORY-A ONE-SIDED AFFAIR? CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE UTILITY OF LINGUISTICS FOR TRANSLATION
Authors: Gotz Katrin
Published: May 2014

This article reflects on the nature of the relationship between translation practice and translation theory and comes to the conclusion that translation theory often does not seem to play a major role in the practical process of translation. The article goes on to argue that linguistic analysis of the source text can help to determine and to understand different levels of meaning, both of which processes are considered to be crucial for the task of translating a text.
"Two Times 'Geronimo''': Changes in the Representation of Native American History in Film
Authors: Bungert Heike
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates how far historical developments and the New Indian History influenced Hollywood movies. As a case study it looks at Geronimo (1962) and Geronimo: An American Legend (1993). The movie Geronimo, the first more sympathetic treatment of the Apache leader, is barely interested in historical events, puts most of the blame for Geronimo's 1885 breakout on corrupt whites, and, in a happy ending, portrays Geronimo as slowly converting to white ways. Geronimo: An American Legend, filmed after twenty years of Native American struggle for their. rights, uses American Indian actors, has them speak in Apache, and is historically more accurate; yet, it does not focus on Geronimo but portrays instead his chase by white Americans as well as their (and the audience's) efforts to co me to grips with their guilt. The Apaches are presented as noble, heroic Indians vanishing in an inevitable dash of cultures. Although progress has been made in portraying Native Americans and their culture in film, the Hollywood view is still deficient.
John Ford's Rio Grande: Momism, the Cold War, and the American Frontier
Authors: Glasenapp Jörn
Published: May 2014

Undoubtedly, John Ford's Rio Grande can be regarded as a prime example of the so-called Cold War Western. Released in November 1950, the film was read by many film critics as the director's right-wing statement on the Korea crisis. Sharing this view, my analysis will show to what a high degree Rio Grande supported the conservative gender politics of American postwar society, which, as Elaine Tyler May and others persuasively argue, fought communism not· only in remote parts of the world but also and especially in the family, with women, and mothers in particular, blamed for involuntarily supporting the 'red' infiltration.
The Layering of History in Peckinpah's The Wild Bunch
Authors: Adams Jon-K
Published: May 2014

After being ambushed in Starbuck, Texas, the men of the Wild Bunch flee to Mexico where they become involved in the Mexican Revolution. At first they help the federal troops, but later they change sides and try to help the revolutionaries. In addition to the Mexican Revolution, two other wars are layered into the narrative: the First World War and the Vietnam War. This layering of historical events adds depth to the movie by justifying its depiction of violence, especially in the apocalyptic ending, and by establishing an analogy between the Wild Bunch in Mexico and American intervention in Vietnam. In terms of this analogy, the failure of the Wild Bunch to help the peasants in Mexico parallels the failure of America to help the peasants in Vietnam.
White Man Tells the Blues: The Power of Music and Narrative in Patrick Neate’s Twelve Bar Blues
Authors: Reinfandt Christoph
Published: May 2014

Patrick Neate’s 2001 novel Twelve Bar Blues is in many ways an intriguing text: Written by a white male English author, the novel utilizes the blues form in order to stage the historical impact of the ‘Black Atlantic’ (Gilroy) on late-20th-century affairs. Steeped in the jazz mythology of New Orleans, it nevertheless manages to transcend these myths by paying close attention to the pragmatic (and historical) contexts in which music and narrative exist as cultural practices. In view of the thematic scope of the present volume, the article addresses the three dimensions of its title (“White Man,” “The Blues,” and “The Power of Music and Narrative”) in order to answer the following questions: What exactly is the cultural validity ascribed to blues and early jazz in the world of the novel, and in what way is the mode of storytelling employed in the novel implicated in these assumptions?
Hyperfiction, the Pyndustry, and Luhmann's Systems Theory
Authors: Herman Luc , Arich-Gerz Bruno
Published: May 2014

This article first discusses the new medial literary form of hyperfiction in terms of an exchange with and between the 'old' media of film and print literature and their respective theoretizations by Joachim Paech and the hypertheorists of the 1990s. The calculated failure of the discussion leads, in the second part, to a new framing of literary texts and their criticism that pivots on Niklas Luhmann's systems theory and his medium / form distinction in particular. The writings of Thomas Pynchon and the criticism of the so-called Pyndustry will help exemplify this model, which conceptualizes hyperfictions and their reading / criticism from a new angle. At the same time, the article demonstrates that Gravity's Rainbow, a novel which critics have frequently read in terms of - or even as - film, can equally be focalized not only as prefiguring hypertextuality, but as a case in point for a hypertextual-like collaborative enterprise on the level of its criticism.
The Risks of Intertextuality: Shakespearean Allusions in Isak Dinesen's Out o[ Africa and William Trevor' s Fools of Fortune
Authors: Kehler Dorothea
Published: May 2014

Although allusion or intertextuality can deepen the resonances of a literary work, it may backfire. Both Isak Dinesen's Out of Africa (1938) and William Trevor's" Pools of Fortune (1983) are set in erstwhile British colonial possessions, and both repeatedly invoke Shakespeare. Dinesen favors quotation, positioning Shakespeare.":$D. the surface of her narrative, thus minimizing the risk of non-recognition. This strategy, however, unwittingly intimates her elitist ethos. Trevor contrasts with Dinesen not only in his greater sensitivity to issues of class and race (his perspective is post colonial), but also in his mode of using Shakespeare: structurally. He employs only one explicit allusion, that in his tide from Romeo and Juliet. Instead, by embedding allusions to Renaissance drama within the plot, Trevor models one of his recurrent themes - we are made out of history - while at the same time neutralizing the risks of "purposes mistook."
Utopia, Nevada: Las Vegas and American Nonfiction
Authors: Ribbat Christoph
Published: May 2014

This essay examines Las Vegas nonfiction by paying particular attention to the utopian function of the city in American aesthetics and to the dystopian energies of those literary texts positioned in the tradition of the New Journalism. It argues that Southern Nevada, though frequently considered as a postmodern cityscape of simulacra, has in fact always been reflected and shaped by a strong realist tradition. Some of the most important authors of literary nonfiction have written about Las Vegas: among them Hunter S. Thompson, Tom Wolfe, Joan Didion, and David Foster Wallace. In addition numerous works have appeared in recent years exploring the city from a host of architectural, urbanist, and historical perspectives. Visiting writers were interested chiefly in the city’s wealth of opportunities for meticulous observation and representation of the body (the essay explores the figure of the showgirl as a case in point). As the essay outlines this interest has not abated in the early 21st century. But the general nature of Vegas writing has changed from prose informed by the mercurial language of the New Journalism to works interested in larger, more complex and academic representations of this new American metropolis.
Fictions of Translation: The Celts, the Canon and the Question of World Literature
Authors: Doring Tobias
Published: May 2014

Debates on postcolonial writing, canon formation and Goethe’s notion of world literature can profit from reconsidering the well-known case of James Macpherson’s Works of Ossian. The fictions of translation which it offered to the eighteenthcentury reading public questioned ruling norms while working towards cultural change, thus helping to suggest new views on the positioning of literature in the modern world.
Crystal structure determination of organic thin-films: the example of 2,2′ :6′,2″-ternaphthalene
Authors: Resel Roland , Pichler Alexander , Resel Roland , Neuhold Alfred , Dingemans Theo , Schwabegger Günther , Simbrunner Clemens , Moret Massimo , Salzmann Ingo
Published: May 2014

This work presents a method for solving the crystal structure of an organic thin-film prepared on an isotropic surface. Combining specular X-ray diffraction and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, a full structure solution is exemplarily derived for crystals of the molecule ternaphthalene (NNN). The data are analysed following a classic approach, first, by indexing the Bragg peak pattern and, second, by solving the structure using the experimentally observed intensities. Direct space methods with a rigid-body refinement are applied. The result shows that the NNN crystallizes in a layered herringbone structure. The calculated peak intensities based on this structure are in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed intensities. Overall, following this approach, the crystal structure of the molecule NNN grown in a preferred orientation within thin-films could be unambigously solved providing a general pathway for future thin-film structure solutions.
Bombardment Induced Transport of Rb+ through a K+ Conducting Glass vs. K+ Transport through a Rb+ Conducting Glass
Authors: Budina David , Zakel Julia , Martin Johannes , Menezes Pramod , Schäfer Martin , Weitzel Karl-Michael
Published: May 2014

The transport of rubidium ions and potassium ions respectively through
rubidium and potassium ion conducting glasses has been investigated by
means of the recently developed low energy bombardment induced ion
transport (BIIT) approach. Here, the combination of a bombarder ion
M1 (Rb+,K+) and a charge carrier ion M2
(Rb+,K+), in short M1@M2, defines a 2 × 2
matrix where the diagonal elements refer to the native ion transport,
Rb+@Rb+ and K+@K+, while the off-diagonal elements
refer to foreign ion transport, Rb+@K+ and
K+@Rb+. The latter corresponds to the transport of rubidium
ions through a potassium ion conductor and vice versa. The
native ion BIIT yields the intrinsic ionic conductivities and
activation energies for ion hopping in line with impedance
spectroscopic data also presented. The foreign ion BIIT leads to the
generation of diffusion profiles up to 100 nm into the
glass sample as revealed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass
spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The analysis of such depth profiles by means
of Nernst–Planck-Poisson theory provides access to the concentration
dependence of the diffusion coefficients. The concentration dependence
of the potassium ion diffusion coefficient, D(K+), is markedly
different for the rubidium glass vs. the potassium glass
matrix. Within the error bars the concentration dependence of the
rubidium ion diffusion coefficient, D(Rb+), is negligible in
both glasses.
The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Taste Coding in the Legs ofDrosophila
Authors: Ling Frederick , Dahanukar Anupama , Weiss Linnea A. , Kwon Jae Young , Carlson John R.
Published: May 2014

To understand the principles of taste coding, it is necessary to understand the functional organization of the taste organs. Although the labellum of theDrosophila melanogasterhead has been described in detail, the tarsal segments of the legs, which collectively contain more taste sensilla than the labellum, have received much less attention. We performed a systematic anatomical, physiological, and molecular analysis of the tarsal sensilla ofDrosophila. We construct an anatomical map of all five tarsal segments of each female leg. The taste sensilla of the female foreleg are systematically tested with a panel of 40 diverse compounds, yielding a response matrix of ∼500 sensillum–tastant combinations. Six types of sensilla are characterized. One type was tuned remarkably broadly: it responded to 19 of 27 bitter compounds tested, as well as sugars; another type responded to neither. The midleg is similar but distinct from the foreleg. The response specificities of the tarsal sensilla differ from those of the labellum, as don-dimensional taste spaces constructed for each organ, enhancing the capacity of the fly to encode and respond to gustatory information. We examined the expression patterns of all 68 gustatory receptors (Grs). A total of 28Gr–GAL4drivers are expressed in the legs. We constructed a receptor-to-sensillum map of the legs and a receptor-to-neuron map. FourteenGr–GAL4drivers are expressed uniquely in the bitter-sensing neuron of the sensillum that is tuned exceptionally broadly. Integration of the molecular and physiological maps provides insight into the underlying basis of taste coding.
Regulating Set-β's Subcellular Localization Toggles Its Function between Inhibiting and Promoting Axon Growth and Regeneration
Authors: Trakhtenberg Ephraim F. , Wang Yan , Morkin Melina I. , Fernandez Stephanie G. , Mlacker Gregory M. , Shechter Jesse M. , Liu Xiongfei , Patel Karan H. , Lapins Allison , Yang Steven , Dombrowski Susan M. , Goldberg Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2014

The failure of the CNS neurons to regenerate axons after injury or stroke is a major clinical problem. Transcriptional regulators like Set-β are well positioned to regulate intrinsic axon regeneration capacity, which declines developmentally in maturing CNS neurons. Set-β also functions at cellular membranes and its subcellular localization is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease, but many of its biological mechanisms have not been explored in neurons. We found that Set-β was upregulated postnatally in CNS neurons, and was primarily localized to the nucleus but was also detected in the cytoplasm and adjacent to the plasma membrane. Remarkably, nuclear Set-β suppressed, whereas Set-β localized to cytoplasmic membranes promoted neurite growth in rodent retinal ganglion cells and hippocampal neurons. Mimicking serine 9 phosphorylation, as found in Alzheimer's disease brains, delayed nuclear import and furthermore blocked the ability of nuclear Set-β to suppress neurite growth. We also present data on gene regulation and protein binding partner recruitment by Set-β in primary neurons, raising the hypothesis that nuclear Set-β may preferentially regulate gene expression whereas Set-β at cytoplasmic membranes may regulate unique cofactors, including PP2A, which we show also regulates axon growthin vitro. Finally, increasing recruitment of Set-β to cellular membranes promoted adult rat optic nerve axon regeneration after injuryin vivo. Thus, Set-β differentially regulates axon growth and regeneration depending on subcellular localization and phosphorylation.
Phosphorylation of Synapsin I by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-5 Sets the Ratio between the Resting and Recycling Pools of Synaptic Vesicles at Hippocampal Synapses
Authors: Verstegen Anne M. J. , Tagliatti Erica , Lignani Gabriele , Marte Antonella , Stolero Tamar , Atias Merav , Corradi Anna , Valtorta Flavia , Gitler Daniel , Onofri Franco , Fassio Anna , Benfenati Fabio
Published: May 2014

Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) was reported to downscale neurotransmission by sequestering synaptic vesicles (SVs) in the release-reluctant resting pool, but the molecular targets mediating this activity remain unknown. Synapsin I (SynI), a major SV phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of SV trafficking and neurotransmitter release, is one of the presynaptic substrates of Cdk5, which phosphorylates it in its C-terminal region at Ser549(site 6) and Ser551(site 7). Here we demonstrate that Cdk5 phosphorylation of SynI fine tunes the recruitment of SVs to the active recycling pool and contributes to the Cdk5-mediated homeostatic responses. Phosphorylation of SynI by Cdk5 is physiologically regulated and enhances its binding to F-actin. The effects of Cdk5 inhibition on the size and depletion kinetics of the recycling pool, as well as on SV distribution within the nerve terminal, are virtually abolished in mouse SynI knock-out (KO) neurons or in KO neurons expressing the dephosphomimetic SynI mutants at sites 6,7 or site 7 only. The observation that the single site-7 mutant phenocopies the effects of the deletion of SynI identifies this site as the central switch in mediating the synaptic effects of Cdk5 and demonstrates that SynI is necessary and sufficient for achieving the effects of the kinase on SV trafficking. The phosphorylation state of SynI by Cdk5 at site 7 is regulated during chronic modification of neuronal activity and is an essential downstream effector for the Cdk5-mediated homeostatic scaling.
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Attenuates Visual Motion Adaptation
Authors: Kar Kohitij , Krekelberg Bart
Published: May 2014

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is used in clinical applications and basic neuroscience research. Although its behavioral effects are evident from prior reports, current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these effects is limited. We used motion perception, a percept with relatively well known properties and underlying neural mechanisms to investigate tACS mechanisms. Healthy human volunteers showed a surprising improvement in motion sensitivity when visual stimuli were paired with 10 Hz tACS. In addition, tACS reduced the motion-after effect, and this reduction was correlated with the improvement in motion sensitivity. Electrical stimulation had no consistent effect when applied before presenting a visual stimulus or during recovery from motion adaptation. Together, these findings suggest that perceptual effects of tACS result from an attenuation of adaptation. Important consequences for the practical use of tACS follow from our work. First, because this mechanism interferes only with adaptation, this suggests that tACS can be targeted at subsets of neurons (by adapting them), even when the applied currents spread widely throughout the brain. Second, by interfering with adaptation, this mechanism provides a means by which electrical stimulation can generate behavioral effects that outlast the stimulation.
Corruption and the arms trade: The U.K. Ministry of Defense and the bribe culture
Authors: Gilby Nicholas
Published: May 2014

Using as-yet-unpublished material, the article considers the interaction of the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defense (MoD) with the "bribe culture" that surrounds international arms deals. It finds evidence of two phases. The first, which lasted until 1976, may be characterized as "in-house involvement"; the second, following the United States' Lockheed scandal in 1975-76, as "subcontracted" corruption. In the latter phase, the MoD is seen to have tried to avoid acquiring knowledge of corrupt practices, to have avoided asking awkward questions, and to have left bribes on government-to-government deals to be paid by U.K. companies. In doing this, they are shown to have misled Parliament, and rather than taking any meaningful steps to try and stamp out corruption, to have let corruption continue unimpeded. The U.K. government has actively promoted arms exports for forty years and has always denied being complicit in bribery by arms companies. This article questions such denials and finds them wanting.
Universities, the military, and the means of destruction in the United Kingdom
Authors: Langley Chris
Published: May 2014

High-technology weapons and their support platforms, together with robotic vehicles and satellite-based communications systems, have come to dominate how many nations frame their defense policies and wage war. The resulting technological dependence creates a number of problems for governments, not least the growing military budgets which are required to procure such means of waging war, but also the costly research and development which underpins such devices. Increasingly governments and military corporations have turned to universities to augment the expertise found within industry. This shift to reliance upon the universities impacts not only on the securitization of science and technology but also the role and character of the university in society. Using universities as R&D laboratories creates a culture of secrecy and commercial sensitivity and tends to reduce the available expertise for more positive ways of addressing potential and actual conflict. Moreover, military involvement with teaching and research also limits the skills base available for the nonmilitary sector. These issues call for a wide-ranging and robust examination.
A linguagem da cultura corporal sob o olhar de professores da educação infantil
Authors: Ehrenberg Mônica Caldas
Published: May 2014

O presente artigo versa sobre a possibilidade de reconhecer a cultura corporal como sistematizadora da linguagem do corpo, e essa, como fonte de produção do gesto e da expressão na Educação Infantil. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é identificar o entendimento de professores acerca da cultura corporal como objeto de estudo da Educação Física para a Educação Infantil. A metodologia seguiu o caminho da pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva. Os resultados apontam que as práticas corporais são contempladas na Educação Infantil, porém nem sempre sob a chancela da Educação Física. Pautados pela historicidade esportiva da Educação Física, os professores entrevistados compreendem essa disciplina como desfavorável para estar na Educação Infantil. Diante disso, vislumbra-se a necessidade de apresentar e de ressignificar aos professores de Educação Infantil uma Educação Física contemporânea que compreenda a cultura corporal como sistematizadora da linguagem corporal.
Directoras asiáticas en acción: Aparna Sen (1945)
Authors: Val Cubero Alejandra
Published: May 2014

La obra cinematográfica de la directora bengalí Aparna Sen, a pesar de su alta calidad técnica y estética, es prácticamente desconocida en Latinoamérica y en Europa. En su larga trayectoria cinematográfica, la cineasta presenta obras en las que, partiendo de hechos cotidianos (relaciones de familia y de pareja), se exponen temas que hacen referencia a las diferencias de género dentro de un panorama que aborda los conflictos étnicos o religiosos o la destrucción del medio ambiente. Conocer y difundir su obra permite dar voz a una generación de mujeres directoras nacidas en la India que, a través de sus cámaras, no solo ha criticado las relaciones de poder, sino que también ha mostrado la importancia de la solidaridad entre generaciones para conseguir un mundo más justo.
O feminismo bem-comportado de Heleieth Saffioti (presença do marxismo)
Authors: Pinto Céli Regina Jardim
Published: May 2014

Neste texto, gostaria de eleger um momento da vida de Heleieth Saffioti, aquele que reputo seu ato de maior coragem: sendo uma socióloga marxista, tendo Florestan Fernandes como orientador, ter decidido escrever um trabalho de livre-docência sobre a mulher no Brasil, na década de 1960. É a partir desses encontros que será analisado o casamento entre o marxismo e o feminismo que Heleieth realizou em seu livro inaugural. Este artigo está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, apontarei as principais questões discutidas por Heleieth Saffioti em seu livro; na segunda, tratarei de um inimigo comum que aproxima Saffioti de duas mulheres centrais do feminismo da época, Simone de Beauvoir e Betty Friedan: Dr. Freud.
Algumas equações úteis em soldagem
Authors: Marques Paulo Villani , Modenesi Paulo José
Published: May 2014

Uma das principais características da soldagem é o grande número de parâmetros e variáveis envolvidas, além da complexidade de suas inter-relações. Isto dificulta a elaboração de modelos matemáticos adequados para descrever processos e/ou prever os resultados de uma operação e levou ao desenvolvimento de várias relações empíricas. Nesse contexto, encontra-se na literatura um número elevado de equações que, usadas corretamente, podem ser bastante úteis no dia a dia dos profissionais da área, Um inconveniente dessas equações é estarem dispersas em um grande número de publicações e textos, o que dificulta muito a sua utilização Nesse trabalho juntou-se em um único documento diversas equações que são úteis na solução de problemas, com destaque para o trabalho rotineiro dos profissionais da soldagem. Optou-se por agrupar as equações por assunto e, na medida do possível, adotar sempre a mesma nomenclatura, com o sacrifício da simbologia originalmente usada, com o objetivo de facilitar a procura, o entendimento e a utilização do material apresentado.
Rotational hardening with and without anisotropic fabric at critical state
Authors: DAFALIAS Y.F. , TAIEBAT M.
Published: May 2014

The question of zero or non-zero anisotropic fabric at critical state for clays is a debatable issue. The present note addresses a way to model either eventuality by proposing a novel rotational hardening rule for clay plasticity constitutive modelling. Various conditions are derived on the model constants such that some basic requirements are satisfied, among them the uniqueness of the critical state line and prevention of excessive rotation of the plastic potential and yield surfaces in stress space. Schematic and real data simulations illustrate the performance of the new rotational hardening rule.
Nestling Development of Ring-necked Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) in a Nest Box Population
Authors: Braun Michael P. , Wink Michael
Published: May 2014

Chick development of a population of non-native Ring-necked Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) (RNP) has been
investigated between 2006 and 2008 in Heidelberg, Germany. In parrots hatching asynchrony is common. RNP chicks are
under natural selection to fledge synchronously with their siblings, as parents return less often to the nest after the first
chick has fledged and remaining chicks may starve. Female nestlings apparently outperform the males by about one d in
body mass gain, but also had higher measurements in tarsus, wing and tail growth. This was unexpected as adult males are
generally larger than females. First-hatched chicks showed lowest biometrical values as compared to their younger siblings
in several characters like body mass gain, bill, wing, and tail length. This feature may contribute to a synchronization
of fledging in an otherwise asynchronous brood.
Beyond Simple Innovativeness: A Hierarchical Continuum and Thinking and Feeling Processing Modes
Authors: Lee Kyootai , Mano Haim
Published: May 2014

We tested a model of consumer innovativeness composed of two critical features. The first constituted a hierarchy ranging from cardinal personality traits to manifest behavioral innovativeness, and the second encompassed the distinction between the functional and experiential aspects
of innovativeness. Cellular phones and MP3 players were the two innovative products we used to conduct a test of our proposed model. The results revealed that the hierarchy was manifested throughout the trait-behavior continuum but, was at least partially fractured in the link between marketplace
traits and domain-specific innovativeness. The results supported a distinction between functional and experiential facets of innovativeness.
Agro-nutritional variations of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Omolaran , Olawuyi Odunayo , Ige Sunday , Mahamood Jimoh , Afolabi Micheal , Azeez Musibau , Abdulmaliq Suleiman
Published: May 2014

Quality protein maize (QPM) combining the enhanced levels of lysine and
tryptophan with high grain yield and desirable agronomic traits could reduce
food insecurity and malnutrition in West and Central Africa. Twenty-two
varieties of QPM and two local checks were evaluated for agronomic
characteristics and nutritional qualities in the southern Guinea savanna of
Nigeria for two years (2009 and 2010). Though crude protein levels are good
indicators of quality, amino acid composition analyses, especially lysine and
tryptophan that would provide a final proof are in progress. The genotypes
comprised five open pollinated varieties (OPVs), nine inbred lines, eight
hybrids and two local varieties. Differences among the varieties were
significant (P<0.01) for grain yield, days to tasselling as well as plant and
ear heights, while year x variety interaction was only significant (P<0.05)
for days to tasselling. Most of the QPM inbred lines (CML 437, CML 490 CML
178) and hybrids (Dada-ba, ART98-SW5-OB, ART98-SW4- OB and TZPB-OB) have
superior performance for grain yield, other yield attributes and nutritional
qualities compared with the OPVs and local checks. These inbreds could be
potential sources of favorable alleles useful for future maize breeding,
while the hybrids could be evaluated in different environments of Nigeria for
comparative advantages in different environments and quality of the grains to
be released to farmers.
Prediction of yield by digital image analysis of vine
Authors: Beslic Zoran , Todic Slavica , Matijasevic Sasa
Published: May 2014

The grape yield per vine of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) was
evaluated on the basis of digital image processing of vine part. Digital
camera was mounted on tripod and used for taking photos of 1 x 1 m portions
of canopy. The Adobe Photoshop software was used to analyse image for the
colour counting of the blue pixels of grape in the quadrant region. The
actual yield was obtained from the photographed vines by hand harvesting of
sampled portions. Linear regression was used for calculation of the
correlation between blue pixels and grape weight. The relatively strong
relationship between blue pixels and grape weight (R2=0.91) was obtained.
Based on these results, we can recommend this simple technique for yield
forecasting.
Ebbinghaus Illusions with Disc Figures: Effects of Contextual Size, Separation, and Lightness
Authors: Jaeger Ted , Klahs Kyle , Newton David
Published: May 2014

The Ebbinghaus illusion was produced using figures with four small or large contextual discs located either near or far from the central disc. For similar figures, the discs were either all black or all white; for dissimilar figures, black and white contextual and central discs were used in opposition. 48 observers, in equal numbers, were assigned to one of the four crossings of size and separation of the contextual discs and, using the converging method of limits, illusion magnitude scores for each Ebbinghaus configuration were obtained. The central disc appeared larger when bounded by small contextual discs and smaller when the contextual discs were more distant. Contrary to size contrast theory, uniformly colored discs did not generate greater illusions; instead, white central discs appeared larger than black ones regardless of contextual color. Collectively, the results indicated that contour interactions play a prominent role in producing the Ebbinghaus illusion.
Cell Pattern and Ultrasculpture of Bulb Tunics of Selected Allium Species (Amaryllidaceae) and their Diagnostic Value
Authors: Rola Kaja
Published: May 2014

Cell pattern and ultrasculpture were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy in bulb tunics of 46 Allium species to determine the diagnostic value of micromorphological characters. The study examined the diversity of these characters, evaluated their usefulness at different taxonomic levels (species, section, subgenus), and considered the results in relation to the recent intrageneric classification of the genus. Detailed characteristics are provided for the investigated species, and taxa showing the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in bulb tunic cells are indicated. The results suggest that several bulb tunic characters are of taxonomic significance in Allium as their variation between specimens of the same species was negligible; they can be useful elements of species descriptions and determination keys. Allium subgenus Allium shows considerable variation of bulb tunic ultrasculpture and hexagonal or elongated cell patterns. Differences in ultrasculpture are sufficient to distinguish species within the Amerallium subgenus. Three subgenera (Anguinum, Butomissa, Reticulatobulbosa) are characterized by fibrous tunics with reticulate ultrasculpture. Rectangular to elliptic cells with thick walls, giving the bulb tunic an almost perforated structure, are characteristic for Allium subgenus Cepa. No specific pattern was found for Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum and Polyprason. The only representative of subgenus Microscordum (Allium monanthum) showed distinct herringbone ultrasculpture. The bulbs of Allium subgenus Rhizirideum representatives can be distinguished by their linear ultrasculpture following the long axis of the elongated cells. Allium bulb tunic ultrasculpture and cell pattern show some degree of variability. These characters are of potential use in taxonomic delimitation, species determination and further study of the relationships between species, particularly in members of subgenus Amerallium.
The Role of Human Insulin Growth Factor (Igf) – Axis in Carcinogenesis
Authors: Kwaśniewski Wojciech , Kotarski Józef , Polak Grzegorz , Goździcka-Józefiak Anna , Kotarski Jan
Published: May 2014

The human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has attracted significant researcher interest due to its endocrine and autocrine / paracrine activities, mitogenic effects and the involvement in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The signaling pathways used by the IGF system impact cellular metabolism in a complex manner complex and many details are still unclear. Understanding the molecular mechanism of action of IGF’s and their effects on cellular activity may provide a basis to develop new anticancer drugs. This review focuses on recent studies that expand our knowledge of the signaling pathways of IGF system
Spherules associated with the cretaceous–paleogene boundary in Poland
Authors: Brachaniec Tomasz , Karwowski Łukasz , Szopa Krzysztof
Published: May 2014

The succession of the Lechówka section near Chełm in south-eastern Poland presents the first complete record of the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary in Poland. Samples of the boundary clay were examined for microtektites and shocked minerals to confirm the impact origin of the sediment. The spheroidal fraction reveals morphological and mineralogical features, e.g., spherules, similar to material from the K-Pg boundary as described from elsewhere. The impact genesis of the spherules is confirmed by the presence of nickel-rich spinel grains on their surfaces. The spinels are considered to be primary microlites and, thus, the spherules at Lechówka can be classified as microkrystites. No shocked minerals were noted. The deposits with spherules comprise Aland Mg-rich smectite (Cheto smectite). This almost pure Mg-rich smectite, forming up to 100% of the clay fraction, derived from the weathering of the impact glass. It is proposed that the spherules isolated from the Cretaceous- Paleogene boundary clay at Lechówka come from the Chicxulub crater in Mexico.
Influence of electron donors and copper concentration on geochemical and mineralogical processes under conditions of biological sulphate reduction
Authors: Wolicka Dorota , Borkowski Andrzej
Published: May 2014

Sulphidogenous microorganism communities were isolated from soil polluted by crude oil. The study was focused on determining the influence of 1) copper (II) concentration on the activity of selected microorganism communities and 2) the applied electron donor on the course and evolution of mineral-forming processes under conditions favouring growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The influence of copper concentration on the activity of selected microorganism communities and the type of mineral phases formed was determined during experiments in which copper (II) chloride at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7 g/L was added to SRB cultures. The experiments were performed in two variants: with ethanol (4 g/L) or lactate (4 g/L) as the sole carbon source. In order to determine the taxonomic composition of the selected microorganism communities, the 16S rRNA method was used. Results of this analysis confirmed the presence of Desulfovibrio, Desulfohalobium, Desulfotalea, Thermotoga, Solibacter, Gramella, Anaeromyxobacter and Myxococcus sp. in the stationary cultures. The post-culture sediments contained covelline (CuS) and digenite (Cu9S5 ). Based on the results, it can be stated that the type of carbon source applied during incubation plays a crucial role in determining the mineral composition of the post-culture sediments. Thus, regardless of the amount of copper ion introduced to a culture with lactate as the sole carbon source, no copper sulphide was observed in the post-culture sediments. Cultures with ethanol as the sole carbon source, on the other hand, yielded covelline or digenite in all post-culture sediments.
Carbon sequestration and its dynamics in water-stable aggregates
Authors: Šimanský Vladimír , Kováčik Peter
Published: May 2014

Sequestration of organic carbon in soils is an effective strategy to mitigate global climate change. Carbon sequestration leads to an increase in carbon stocks in soil, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving soil quality and crop production. There are several published articles containing information in which the authors explain carbon sequestration in different soil types under different climatic conditions or farming systems, but on the other hand there is less information about carbon sequestration in water-stable aggregates. In field experiment, the manner in which different soil management practices influence carbon sequestration and its dynamics in water-stable aggregates was studied. We evaluated the soil samples taken from Haplic Luvisol (Dolná Malanta - Slovakia) from all treatments of tillage (conventional, minimal and grassland) and fertilisation (without fertilisation, crop residues together with NPK fertilisers and only NPK fertilisers). The maintenance of carbon concentration within soil under conventional tillage and in native grassland was due to an enhanced incorporation of new organic matter from the coarse fraction of particulate organic matter to macro-aggregates and in treatment with ploughed crop residue together with NPK fertilisers, there was besides of this caused by the reduction of carbon mineralisation from the fine fraction. Soil management practices have a significant effect on the re-distribution of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates. In conventional and minimal tillage, very important sources of carbon sequestration are agronomical favourable size fractions of water-stable macro-aggregates and in native grassland, as well as in all fertiliser treatments, the most important source of carbon sequestration is water-stable micro-aggregates.