bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystalloids with calcareous deposition in the parotid gland: one of the possible causes of development of salivary calculi
Authors: Takeda Y.
Published: April 2006

Aggregated crystalloids and calculi, up to 600 to 700 μm in diameter, found in the parotid gland tissue taken from a patient with chronic recurrent parotitis were examined histopathologically and microanalytically. In part of the periphery of calculi which had lamellaled structure, layers of crystalloids in continuation with calculi were observed; and diffuse deposition of von Kossa‐positive fine granules was seen in the innermost area of the crystalloid‐layers. By electron probe x‐ray microanalysis, phosphorus, sulphur and calcium were principally detected within the innermost area of the crystalloid‐layers. The result of the present study lends support to the possibility that crystalloids have some relation to the development of salivary calculi in the human parotid gland.
Growth control of cultured rat calvarium cells by platelet‐derived growth factor
Authors: Hanks C. T. , Kim J.‐S. , Edwards C. A.
Published: April 2006

Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), which is released during the “clotting cascade”, has a mitogenic effect on a variety of mesenchymal cells including those of the periosteum. Cell culture provides a method of studying these effects. In the present study, PDGF was studied for its ability to stimulate quiescent calvarium periosteal cells to enter G1, indicated by new protein synthesis. After addition of platelet poor plasma, these cells later entered S phase, indicated by uptake of 3H‐thymidinc. Three hours after PDGF stimulation, there were quantitative increases of at least 18 protein bands as compared to cells left in serum starvation medium. Two of these new protein bands (31K and 45K) required transcription. These data suggest that PDGF in extravasated blood may stimulate appositional bone formation beneath intact periosteum at the site of injury.
The application of microspectrocytofluorometric measurement of Feulgen nuclear DNA content to experimental tumors of rat submandibular gland. 1. Pathogensis and nuclear DNA content
Authors: Watanabe Y. , Ozono S. , Sato K. , Hisada T. , Heyden G.
Published: April 2006

Pellets containing 9, 10‐dimethyl‐1, 2‐benzanthracene (DMBA) were inserted into the submandibular glands of 65 male Fischer rats to determine the nuclear DNA content of both metaplastic epithelium during the process of development of squamous metaplasia (noted at 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 15 weeks after insertion) and tumor cells of squamous cell carcinoma 24 weeks after insertion. From the second week of insertion onward, squamous metaplasia was found in excretory duct remaining epithelium in the tissues around the pellet. Dysplasia or a lining of metaplastic epithelium with atypia adjacent to pellets (i.e., formation of an epidermal cyst) was observed 5 weeks after insertion. Coincident with this dysplasia or metaplastic epithelium with atypia, variation in the nuclear DNA content was observed, showing the emergence of octaploids and a widespread histogram pattern with many peaks. Between 7 and 15 weeks, 25%–66% of the lining metaplastic epithelium showed variation in the nuclear DNA content due to shift of a peak (major mode) to a triploid as well as a vague major mode with the appearance of octaploids, etc. Tumors of the submandibular gland were recognized at 24 weeks in 11 (55%) of 20 rats. Nine were keratinized squamous cell carcinomas and the remaining 2 were carcinosarcomas. Marked abnormalities in the nuclear DNA content were observed in 5 of the 11 rats (45.5%), 3 with keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and 2 with carcinosarcomas. In contrast, no marked variation in the nuclear DNA content was found in 5 rats in which the tumor was associated with cysts.
Malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity: clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases
Authors: Fukuda Y. , Ishida T. , Fujimoto M. , Ueda T. , Aozasa K.
Published: April 2006

Twenty cases of malignant lymphomas (ML) of the oral cavity were reviewed in the light of recent histologic classification. They occurred in 12 male and 8 female patients, with the age range of 11–80 years (median 51 years of age). Eighty percent of patients were stages IE and HE. Histologically, 15 cases (75%) were ordinary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with diffuse large cell type being the most common. The remaining 5 cases, undefinable by classification scheme for ordinary NHL, were designated as malignant histiocytosis of the oral cavity (3 cases) and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (2 cases), respectively. There were no cases of follicular lymphoma. The present cases comprised 45% of high grade. 40% of intermediate grade, and 15% of low grade malignancy. A follow‐up study showed that the stage of diseage, histologic classification, and frequency of mitosis correlated well with survival.
Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the palate
Authors: Bradley G. , Main J. H. P. , Birt B. D. , From L.
Published: April 2006

Seven patients with benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the palate are reported. Clinically, these lesions presented as painless non‐ulcerated masses that were unilateral in 6 of the cases and bilateral in one. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by a mixed lymphoid infiltrate, germinal centres and vascular channels with hyperplasia of endothelial cells. The patients were followed for 3–10 years subsequent to diagnosis. One patient had 2 sequential lesions on opposite sides of the palate. Another patient with lesions of both submandibular salivary glands in addition to the palate developed rheumatoid arthritis, xerophthalmia and serologic changes consistent with systemic autoimmune disease. To date, none of the patients developed signs and symptoms of lymphoma or leukemia. The etiology of these lesions is unknown. Their distinction from lymphoma of the palate, as well as their possible relationship to the benign lymphoepithelial lesion of palatal mucous glands, is discussed.
Differential expression of Class II (DR & DQ) antigens by human gingival Langerhans' cells and keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Seymour G. J. , Powell R. N.
Published: April 2006

The expression of the Class II products DR and DQ on human gingival epithelium was examined using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. Differential expression of Class II antigens was seen in chronic gingivitis in adults, with T6(+) DR(+) cells being more numerous than T6(+) DQ(+) cells. The periodontopathic organism Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) induced DQ expression on Langerhans' cells (LC) during in vitro explain culture of gingival tissue. This effect was mimicked by endotoxin (LPS) from F. nucleatum and by E. coli LPS. These results indicate that differential expression of Class II products, a feature of chronic gingival inflammation, may result from the action of LPS on gingival LC.
The expression of HLA‐DR on keratinocytes in oral lichen planus
Authors: Hedberg N. M. , Hunter N.
Published: April 2006

HLA‐DR is a Class FI histocompatibility antigen which has recently been reported to occur in increased amounts in dermal and oral lichen planus. Its expression in epithelium was previously thought to be limited to Langerhans cells. In this study, formalin‐fixed sections of oral lichen planus and a variety of other oral mucosal lesions were stained with a monoclonal antibody to HLA‐DR using an indirect immunofluorescence test. The expression of HLA‐DR by keratinocytes did not appear to be a specific marker for lichen planus as demonstrated by the reactivity of the epithelium in a variety of lesions of the oral mucosa. II HLA‐DR expression is considered to be an inducible function, perhaps in response to γ interferon secreted by activated lymphocytes, then keratinocyte reactivity would not be expected to occur only in lichen planus.
Immunoglobulin‐producing cells in human odontogenic cysts
Authors: Smith G. , Matthews J. B. , Smith A. J. , Browne R. M.
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical staining of immunoglobulin‐containing plasma cells was performed on odontogenic keratocysts, dental (periapical) and dentigerous cysts. IgG‐containing plasma cells were the predominant species in all cyst types examined, with a much lower percentage of IgA‐ and few IgM‐containing plasma cells. Statistically significant differences in the percentage contributions of IgG and IgA plasma cells were observed between the keratocyst and both the dental (periapical) and dentigerous cysts and for IgM between the keratocyst and dental (periapical) cyst. Intense extracellular staining was observed for IgG in all cyst types.
Carcinoma arising from reduced enamel epithelium
Authors: Slootweg P. J.
Published: April 2006

Intra‐osseous squamous cell carcinomas are considered to be derived from odontogenic epithelium. Except for an associated benign odontogenic tumor or a cyst, evidence for an odontogenic origin is only circumstantial. In a 73‐year‐old male, an intra‐osseous squamous cell carcinoma in the mandible could be shown to have originated from reduced enamel epithelium. There were no histological features substantiating the odontogenic origin, other than the continuity of tumor epithelium with reduced enamel epithelium surrounding the crown of an impacted molar tooth. Thus, it is concluded that the odontogenic derivation of an intra‐osseous squamous cell carcinoma in the jaw cannot be inferred from specific histological features, but should be based on the exclusion of an oral cavity lining epithelial origin. Still more proof is the demonstration of continuity of the carcinoma with odontogenic epithelium, be it normal, cyst lining or benign odontogenic tumor.
Prostaglandin synthesis by squamous carcinoma cells of head and neck, and its inhibition by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: El Attar T. M. A. , Lin H. S.
Published: April 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and amounts of prostaglandins (PGs) produced by squamous carcinoma cells (SCC) and the sensitivity of these cells to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. SCC of four lines of the tongue and one line of facial epidermis of humans were incubated in phosphate buffer solution with 14C‐arachidonic acid (AA). Radioactive metabolites in aqueous methanol were chromatographed on Sep‐Pack CIS cartridges, separated and quantitated by means of TLC, autoradiography, and liquid scintillation counting. The results showed that cyclooxygenase products, PGs, were the major products formed by all cell lines, and PGE2 was predominant among the PGs detected. Two radioactive bands corresponding to PGF2α and three unseparated standards of PGA2, 15‐keto‐PGE2, and 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐PGE2were detected in lesser amounts. Very small amounts of the lipoxygenase products 12‐and 15‐HETE were found. The concentrations of indomethacin, ibuprofen and aspirin required to inhibit 50% of PGE2 synthesis (IC50) by SCC lines were .008‐ .080, .080–6.4 and 32–88 μM, respectively.
Effects of DCPD/APF application and prolonged exposure to fluoride on caries‐like lesion formation in vitro
Authors: Crall J. J. , Bjerga J. M.
Published: April 2006

The ability of a topical fluoride regimen consisting of a 4‐min application of a saturated dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) solution followed by a 4‐min application of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) to inhibit caries‐like lesion formation in sound enamel was compared to that of a 4‐min application of APF. Following the applications, specimens were washed for 24 h in an in organic wash solution or for 28 days in a wash solution containing 1 ppm fluoride. The mean overall lesion depth for specimens treated with APF and washed for 28 days was significantly greater than that for the group treated with DCPD/APF and washed for 28 days, and for the group treated with APF and washed for 24 h (p<0.05). For those specimens washed for 24 h, the mean width of the surface zone was greater (p<0.05) for the DCPD/APF group compared to the APF group.
In situ demonstration of Fcγ‐receptors in human chronic marginal and periodontitis
Authors: Johannessen A. C. , Nilsen R. , Matre R.
Published: April 2006

The distribution of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγR) in chronic marginal and apical periodontitis were studied by using a monoclonal antibody against placental FcγR and soluble immune complexes as indicators. Cryostat sections were used in indirect immunofluorescence technique. FcγR were detected on varying numbers of cells in the inflammatorry cell infiltrates, on endothelial cells of certain vessels and in fibrous tissue. In chronic marginal periodontitis FcγR were also observed on cells within the oral gingival epithelium (OGE) and the pocket epithelium (PE). There was a distinct fluorescence in stratum spinosum and occasionally in stratum basale of OGE and in the coronal portion of the PE. FcγR on Langerhans cells could not be demonstrated. In apical periodontitis FcγR were also detected on cells within the epithelium. In some cases epithelium in periapical cysts was positive. Soluble immune complexes bound to morphologically similar, but fewer cells compared to the monoclonal antibody against FcγR. The results indicate that FcγR are generally expressed on cells in inflamed tissue. Thus, this presence of FcγR on certain specialized cells such as endothelial cells and keratinocytes, may endow these cells with functions previously thought to be restricted to cells of the lymphoreticular system.
Two cystic lesions with features of both the botryoid odontogenic cyst and the central mucoepidermoid tumour: sialo‐odontogenic cyst?
Authors: Padayachee Arun , Van Wyk C. W.
Published: April 2006

Two cases are reported with identical clinical, radiographical and histological features. These features share a combination of the botryoid odontogenic cyst and a central mucoepidermoid tumour, and it is suggested that the term sialo‐odontogenic cyst be adopted for such lesions to avoid confusion and mismanagement.
Ultrastructural and histochemical observations on microcalculi in chronic submandibular sialadenitis
Authors: Epivatianos A. , Harrison J. D. , Dimitriou T.
Published: April 2006

A search for microcalculi was made in 14 cases of chronic submandibular sialadenitis. Microcalculi were found in all cases. They were within serous acinar cells and ductal cells, within lumina, and interstitially. They were stained variably by periodic‐acid/Schiff and Alcian Blue at pH 2.5. Ultrastructural analytical examination showed them to consist of crystals containing calcium and phosphorus. The observations support the possibility that microcalculi form in autophagosomes, enter lumina and occasionally become impacted to produce sialolithiasis and sialadenitis.
Angiogenic activity of malignant oral epithelial cells: a preliminary study
Authors: Herwagen D. , Arenholt‐Bindslev D. , Dabelsteen E.
Published: April 2006

We investigated the angiogenetic capacity of normal and malignant oral epithelial cells by intradermal injection of cells into nude mice. Cells investigated: 1) a tumorigenic cell line from rat palate; 2) a non‐tumorigenic epithelial cell line from rat palate; 3) cells from second passage of rat palate epithelium explant cultures; 4) cells from epidermis of neonatal mice. A 0.1 ml suspension containing 105 epithelial cells was injected into the flank region. Mice were killed 8 days later to evaluate angiogenesis. Under a dissection microscope, the number of vessels in the skin adjacent to the injection site was counted. The tumorigenic cell line demonstrated the strongest angiogenetic capacity and the non‐tumorigenic cell line was more angiogenic than any of the other non‐tumorigenic cell types. The greater angiogenic activity of neoplastic oral epithelial cells may be a useful feature in the evaluation of oral malignant development.
Mucocutaneous granulocytic sarcomas of the head and neck
Authors: Dreizen S. , McCredie K. B. , Keating M. J.
Published: April 2006

Granulocytic sarcomas arc malignant solid tumors composed of poorly differentiated myeloid cells that occur in association with myelocytic leukemia. The clinicopathologic characteristics of granulocytic sarcomas that presented in the oral mucosa and in the facial, scalp and neck skin of 8 patients in the acute phase of myelocytic leukemia are described and discussed. Although most of the tumors were demonstrably sensitive to cytosine arabinoside, alone or in combination with other antineoplastic drugs, the prognostic portent of these lesions was extremely poor.
Alterations in lipid fluidity induced by cholesterol and cholesterol hemisuccinate modulate the organization of microtubule skeletons in epithelial cells
Authors: Sauk J.J. , Krumwiede M. , Cooking‐Johnson D. , White J.G.
Published: April 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the role that cholesterol, and the more hydrophilic ester, cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHS) have on the ability of epithelial cells to attach, spread and reorganize microtubule skeletons on a defined substratum. A431 carcinoma cells were grown and incubated with cholesterol, or CHS in polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Subsequently the cells were plated either on plastic petri dishes or plasticware coated with collagen IV or laminin. The alteration in apparent membrane microviscosity was ascertained using fluorescence polarization measurements. Organization of microbutules was determined by immunofluroescence, and by transmission electron microscopy. Cholesterol and CHS inhibited attachment and spreading of epithelial cells. Cells previously attached and spread became spherical after treatment with cholesterol and CHS, but microtubules were unaffected. However, when the cells were pretreated in suspension with cholesterol or CHS the membrane micro viscosities markedly increased, and upon subsequent plating those cells adhering neither spread nor organized microtubule skeletons. These results suggest that cholesterol‐induced changes in lipid microviscosity modulate the membrane dynamics that control the ability of epithelial cells to attach, spread and organize microtubule skeletons.
The application of microspectrocytofluorometric measurement of Feulgen nuclear DNA content in experimental tumors of rat submandibular gland, 2. The correlation between proliferative ability and nuclear DNA content of tumor tissue in autotransplanted areas
Authors: Watanabe Y. , Seshimo Z. , Maesaka H. , Hisada T. , Heyden G.
Published: April 2006

We have reported that there is a difference in the variation of the nuclear DNA content of tumor cells among cases of squamous cell carcinoma induced by 9,10‐dimelhyl‐1,2‐benzanlhracenc (DMBA) in the rat submandibular gland. In the present investigation, the relationship between the nuclear DNA content of tumor cells in autotransplanted sections collected from primary lesions of DMBA‐induced tumors and their proliferative ability in the subfascial area of the rat abdomen was examined. As a result of autotransplantation, proliferation in the autotransplanted area was observed in 6 of 14 (42.8%) cases of autotransplantation. Five of these had a keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma while the remaining one had a sareomatoid tumor. The histological type of the tumor of the proliferative lesion in the transplanted area was very similar to that of the tumor tissues in the primary lesion or the transplanted section collected from the primary lesions. In the proliferative group, marked variation of the nuclear DNA content was observed in the tumor cells of the transplanted section. The proliferative index (PI) was high for these tumor cells in this group. There was no variation in the nuclear DNA content in the tumor cells of the nonproliferative group, and the PI was also low. These results were considered to suggest that there was a correlation between the nuclear DNA content of these experimental tumor cell and their proliferative ability in the autotransplanted area. Therefore, the determination of nuclear DNA content by this method can be used as an objective index of the proliferative ability of tumor tissue.
Evaluation of the Ca 1 monoclonal antibody in distinguishing oral squamous cell carcinoma from non‐malignant or premalignant oral lesions
Authors: Masouredis C.M. , Green T.L. , Greenspan J.S.
Published: April 2006

The Ca antigen has been reported to be present on the surface of malignant but not, with few exceptions, non‐malignant cells. We investigated the potential usefulness of the monoclonal Ca 1 antibody in differentiating oral squamous cell carcinoma from non‐malignant or premalignant oral neoplasms. Paraffin‐embedded sections from 33 biopsy specimens of 12 hyperplastic and 21 neoplastic oral lesions were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Seven of the 33 specimens showed positive staining for Ca antigen. Fifteen of 21 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were negative for Ca antigen, and one case of focal keratosis was positive. The results indicate that the use of the Ca 1 antibody to distinguish oral squamous cell carcinoma from non‐malignant or premalignant oral lesions is highly unreliable.
Blood flow and epithelial thickness in different regions of feline oral mucosa and skin
Authors: Johnson G.K. , Squier C.A. , Johnson W.T. , Todd G.L.
Published: April 2006

The relationship between epithelial thickness and blood flow was examined in 6 mucosal and 3 skin regions of the cat. Blood flow to these tissues was determined using the radiolabelled microsphere method. From histologic sections the proportion of the tissue biopsy occupied by epithelium and the average epithelial thickness were calculated. The oral tissues had a significantly higher blood flow than the skin regions (p < 0.05). In terms of epithelial thickness, the tissues could be divided into 4 groups (p < 0.05). These were: a) palate; b) gingival regions and dorsum of the tongue; c) lip and buccal mucosa; d) all skin regions. When epithelial thickness was related to blood flow there was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.005) indicating that a thicker epithelium is associated with a higher blood flow. This finding may reflect the greater metabolic demands of the thicker epithelia.
Extracellular matrix in healing CO2 laser incision wound
Authors: Luomanen M. , Meurman J.H. , Lehto V.‐P.
Published: April 2006

Extracellular matrix components laminin, Type IV collagen, Type III collagen, and fibronectin, of laser‐treated rat tongue mucosa were studied over a healing period of 28 days by using immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Their distribution and amount in laser wounds was compared with that in scalpel incisions and normal tongue mucosa. Laser treatment caused an extensive destruction of both epithelial and stromal cells but left much of the connective tissue matrix intact. Basement membranes, in particular, appeared to resist laser irradiation. During the study period the laser‐induced lesions healed through reparative synthesis of matrix proteins which led to filling of the tissue defects. The regenerative processes with concomitant re‐epithelialization took place more slowly in laser‐treated than in scalpel incision wounds. The relative resistance of the matrix proteins against laser irradiation and the slow removal and replacement of the residual matrix is suggested to account at least partially for the lack of scarring and contraction frequently observed in laser‐treated areas.
Effects of fixative composition on the ultrastructure of oral epithelium in guinea pigs
Authors: K‐h Sun , Andersen L.
Published: April 2006

Keratinizing epithelium from the hard palate of guinea pigs was used to investigate effects of variations in composition of fixative solutions on tissue preservation. With 2.5% glutaraldehyde as fixative, the volume of the basal intercellular spaces increased significantly when the buffer osmolality was increased by intervals of about 100 mOsm (0.05 M, 0.10 M and 0.15 M). The intercellular space volume appeared to be insensitive to differences in concentration of the fixative within the range of 2.5—5% glutaraldehyde. The preservation of mitochondria was improved by increasing the concentration of glutaraldehyde to 5% or by adding formaldehyde as a second fixative.
Expression of cytokeratins in odontogenic jaw cysts: monoclonal antibodies reveal distinct variation between different cyst types
Authors: Hormia M. , Ylipaavalniemi P. , Nagle R. B. , Virtanen I.
Published: April 2006

Immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies was used to study and compare the cytokeratin content of odontogenic cysts and normal gingival epithelium. Two monoclonal antibodies, PKK2 and KA1, stained the whole epithelium in all cyst samples. In gingivu, PKK2 gave a suprabasal staining and KA1 reacted with all epithelial cell layers. Antibodies PKK1, KM 4.62 and Ks 8.12 gave a heterogeneous staining in follicular and radicular cysts. In keratocysts and in gingiva PKK1 and KM 4.62 reacted mainly with basal cells and Ks 8.12 gave a suprabasal staining. Antibodies reacting with the simple epithelial cytokeratin polypeptide No. 18 (PKK3, Ks 18.18) recognized in gingiva only solitary cells compatible with Merkel cells. In a case of follicular ameloblastoma a distinct staining of tumor epithelium was revealed with these antibodies. In 2 follicular cysts, but not in other cyst types, a layer of cytokeratin 18‐positive cells was revealed. KA5 and Kk 8.60 antibodies, reacting exclusively with keratinizing epithelia, including normal gingiva, gave no reaction in radicular cysts, keratocysts and ameloblastoma. Two of the follicular cysts, were negative for PKK3 and Ks 18.18, but reacted strongly with KA5 and Kk 8.60. The present results show that odontogenic jaw cysts have distinct differences in their cytokeratin content. With the exception of some follicular cysts, they lack signs of keratinizing epithelial differentiation. Only follicular cysts appear to share with some types of ameloblastoma the expression of cytokeratin polypeptide No. 18.
Electron microscopy of abnormal secretory products of rat incisor ameloblasts in tetracycline‐induced lesions
Authors: Kallenbach E.
Published: April 2006

Lesions were created in the incisor enamel organs of adult rats by a single dose of tetracycline, and the secretory products in these lesions were examined with the transmission electron microscope. The following abnormal products were found: 1) circumscribed areas of a mottled uncalcified material within the enamel; 2) an uncalcified material consisting of tubules with dimensions similar to the crystal coat of normal enamel, 3) spherical calcified masses which at their periphery resemble normal enamel; 4) layers of a basal lamina‐like material in the extracellular spaces between Tomes' processes, and an attachment site‐like modification of the cell borders next to this material. It is suggested a) that the enamel tubule is a primary secretory product of the ameloblast; in normal enamel it would support the growth of the crystal; b) that, in the lesion, enamel can grow by diffusion of precursors from distant ameloblasts, while rat enamel normally grows only in direct contact with the ameloblast cell membrane.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral squamous cell papillomas
Authors: Padayachee A. , Van Wyk C. W.
Published: April 2006

One hundred and forty oral squamous cell papillomas (SCPs) were subjected to immunocytochemical staining for papillomavirus antigen using the immunoperoxidase‐PAP method 41% of the oral squamous papillomas showed positive intranuclear staining, 50% were negative and the remaining 9% showed both intranuclear and cytoplasmic staining. In view of these findings it is suggested that a review of the etiology of lesions diagnosed as oral SCPs should be considered.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of T cell subsets and accessory cells in oral lichen planus
Authors: Ishii T.
Published: April 2006

The nature and distribution of mononuclear cells in 30 non‐ulcerated lesions of oral lichen planus (OLP) was investigated, using an immunoperoxidase technique. Most of the infiltrating cells consisted of a mixture of Leu 2a+ and Leu 3a+/3b+ T cells present in the stroma. This study proved histometrically that the emigration of lymphocytes through subepithelial vessels was not selective for major subsets of T cells and subsequent migration to the epithelium was predominant in suppressor/cytotoxic T cell infiltration. HLA‐DR+/DQ+ monocyte/macrophage and Langerhans cells formed a relatively minor component of the cellular infiltrates, whereas a considerable number of T cells expressed the MHC antigens. Also, the keratinocytes of the epithelium expressed only DR antigens. These results support the concept that LP is associated with lymphokine‐generated inflammation induced by helper/inducer T cells or activated T cells which would include direct basal cell damage or local immunosuppression by suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, this study suggests that monocytes/macrophages and Langerhans cells played a role in antigen presentation, and also that keratinocytes may possess a similar function.
Cytokeratin polypeptides in normal and metaplastic human salivary gland epithelia
Authors: Marshak G. , Leitner O.
Published: April 2006

Immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase labelling of normal and metaplastic human submandibular salivary glands with a battery of cytokeratin‐specific monoclonal antibodies was carried out. Labelling with a broad spectrum cytokeratin antibody (KG 8.13), as well as with antibody to Cytokeratin polypeptide No. 18 (Ks 18.18) was observed in all the epithelial elements of the gland. Polypeptide No. 19, however, was present in ductal cells only, sparing the acini and the associated myoepithelium. Antibody KS 8.58, specific for cytokeratins Nos. 13 and 16, selectively labelled basal cells along the large ducts. Examination of squamous metaplasia associated with chronic suppurative sialadenitis indicated that the metaplastic cells display the same cytokeratin profile as the normal ductal cells and are not labelled with antibodies KS 8.58 and KK 8.60 which usually stain normal and pathological stratified epithelia. The significance of these observations for the histogenesis of normal salivary glands, as well as for the development of the metaplastic process, is discussed.
Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the right mandible: immunohistochemical and electron microscopical investigations on one case, and a review of the literature
Authors: Yamamoto H. , Caselitz J. , Kozawa Y.
Published: April 2006

A case of a 7‐year‐old girl with ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the right mandible is described. Immunohistochemical techniques (detection of intermediate filaments, tissue polypeptide antigen, lactoferrin, lysozyme, Factor VIII‐related protein, S‐100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha‐foeto‐protein, “lectin‐receptors”) and electron microscopy were applied. The epithelial part of the tumor, which was positive for keratin, showed distinct tonofilaments in electron microscopy. In contrast, the mesenchymal part was vimentin positive. The cells displayed the ultrastructural features of fibroblasts. The observations are compared with those reported in the literature.
Cyclosporine and gingival overgrowth
Authors: Bartold P. M.
Published: April 2006

A case of cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth is presented. Overgrown and inflamed gingivae were noted at several sites in the mouth of a patient taking Cyclosporine following a renal transplant. These were associated with areas adjacent to heavy plaque and calculus deposits on the teeth. Histological examination of the overgrown tissues revealed fibro‐epithelial changes characterized by elongated rete pegs, myxomatous degeneration of the connective tissue associated with dense infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes. The fibroblasts from normal and overgrown sites were studied in vitro. Fibroblasts from the overgrown tissue proliferated at a slower rate and produced slightly less protein than the cells from normal, healthy gingival sites. These features reflect a site‐specific alteration in fibroblast activity and indicate that the lesion is related to local factors exacerbated by Cyclosporine therapy.
Odontogenic tumors in Fischer rats
Authors: Cullen J. M. , Ruebner B. H. , Hsieh D. P. H. , Burkes E. J.
Published: April 2006

The formation of odontogenic tumors in rats is rare unless they are treated with known carcinogens. In this study, male Fischer rats were continuously fed aflatoxins M1, B1, or control diets, then killed at 1, 6, 10, 16, 17, 19 and 21 months. Of the 186 rats fed aflatoxin M1, at 3 concentrations, 12 developed odontogenic tumors; 7 of 63 rats fed an agar‐based diet also developed odontogenic tumors in 17–21 months. The purpose of this study is to describe these tumors. All the tumors were located in the upper jaw associated with the incisor teeth. The tumors developed in the periodontal ligament area and were composed mainly of highly cellular fibrous connective tissue. The fibroblastic nuclei were clustered in poorly defined swirls in areas and were evenly scattered in a myxomatous stroma in other areas. Within this tissue were ovoid sometimes coalescing, calcified bodies resembling cementum. Occasional inclusions of solid epithelial cell nests were present. Scattered nests were composed of ovoid epithelial ghost cells. Acellular cementum‐like material surrounded many of these nests. An inductive phenomenon was present around occasional epithelial nests. Rare structures composed of globular dentin with irregular tubules were also observed. These tumors caused distortion of the facial areas and disruption of incisor tooth development. No metastatic lesions were noted but other neoplastic lesions occurred in these animals.
Expression of oncogenes in human tumours with special reference to the head and neck region
Authors: Field J. K. , Spandidos D.A.
Published: April 2006

A major recent advance in cancer research has been in the field of oncogenes. Oncogenes are genes with a proven cancer association and which appear to be particularly implicated in cellular regulation and proliferation. The oncogenic potential of specific cellular genes has now been recognised and this has influenced current thinking concerning the initiation of carcinogenesis. The specific role of an oncogene is still incompletely understood but research with one particular oncogene (ras) has demonstrated that it can be involved in more than one stage of multi‐step carcinogenesis. New techniques are being developed and evaluated to determine the expression of specific oncogenes in normal and neoplastic tissues, with a view to using them in future diagnostic immunohistopathological methods. This review describes the concept of oncogenes and discusses their role in the development of neoplasia. The results of the expression of various oncogenes in human malignancies with special reference to the head and neck regions are discussed. Finally, the future prospects of this research field are examined their and its possible implications in cancer therapy.
Mast cells containing melanin granules in sublingual keratosis
Authors: Tawfik A. M. , El‐Labbam N. G. , Barber P.
Published: April 2006

In an ultrastructural study of 3 biopsies taken from the floor of the mouth of 2 patients suffering from sublingual keratosis, it was found that some of the mast cells appearing within the epithelium and connective tissue contained melanin granules which were found to be positive with Masson Fontana stain for melanin. These cells showed all the characteristic features of mast cells and not macrophages. The present results suggest that mast cells have phagocytosed melanin granules and therefore support those views suggesting that mast cells are capable of phagocytosis. They also suggest that not all the cells containing melanin granules and appearing in the lamina propria arc the conventional melanophages but some of these may be mast cells.
An immunocytochemical study of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and epithelial expression of HLA‐DR in odontogenic cysts
Authors: Matthews J. B. , Browne R. M.
Published: April 2006

The presence and distribution of lymphocytes, Langerhans cells, HLA‐DR' infiltrating cells and the expression of HLA‐DR by lining epithelium was investigated in the walls of odonlogenic cysts using an indirect immunoperoxidase method on acetone‐fixed cryostat sections. The 23 cysts studied consisted of 14 dental (radicular) cysts, 5 keratocysts, 2 dentigerous cysts, 1 surgical ciliated cyst and 1 incisive canal cyst. The cell populations detected in the walls of all cysts were similar and consisted of HLA‐DR+ macrophage‐type cells and a mixture of T and B lymphocytes. Analysis of the T cell subsets revealed that in all cases the CD4+, Th/i subset predominated over the CD8+, Ts/c subset. 18/22 cyst linings contained cells expressing a Langerhans cell phenotype (CD1+). Cytoplasmic epithelial expression of HLA‐DR was detected in 7/22 specimens. Neither the presence of HLA‐DR+ epithelial cells nor LC were restricted to a given type of cyst. These findings indicate the occurrence of similar cellular processes irrespective of the proposed developmental or inflammatory aetiology of these lesions.
Ultrastructure of fibroblasts in cyclosporin A‐induced gingival hyperplasia
Authors: Yamasaki A. , Rose G. G. , Pinero G. J. , Mahan C. J.
Published: April 2006

Specimens from 2 cases of gingival hyperplasia resulting from the treatment with the immnosuppressant cyclosporin A (CSGH) and 4 cases of inflamed gingiva (non‐CSGH) were examined by electron microscopy with particular interest in the fibroblasts. In general, the fibroblasts in CSGH revealed the ultrastructural characteristics of active protein synthesis and secretion and less cytotoxic or degenerative changes. Some fibroblasts in the CSGH (23.8%) displayed cytological modifications comparable to so‐called myofibroblasts, i.e., microfilament bands with semi‐periodic dense nodes, nuclear indentations, and basal‐lamina associated, cell‐lo‐stromal junctions. Conversely, 5.9% of the fibroblasts in the non‐CSGH showed these modifications. The modified fibroblasts were found most predominantly in the transitional area between inflamed and fibrous connective tissues. From these findings, it is suggested that the myofibroblastic modification in CSGH is regarded as a common morphological sign in actively proliferating fibrous tissue and may participate in the host‐tissue response to the plaque‐associated irritants.
Healing of laser and scalpel incision wounds of rat tongue mucosa as studied with cytokeratin antibodies
Authors: Luomanen M. , Virtanen I.
Published: April 2006

The healing process of laser‐ and scalpel‐incision wounds of rat tongue mucosa was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using a monoclonal cytokeratin antibody (PKK2) binding lo low molecular weight keratins of basal keratinocytes, two antibodies reacting with suprabasal keratins and a monoclonal antibody reacting with desmosomes. The wounds were made parallel on both sides of the tongue in thirty animals. In normal tongue only the basal cell layer and the cells at the base of the rete ridges showed PKK2‐positivity. In both types of wounds at the same healing phase the whole proliferative cell layers showed a bright PKK2‐positivity. The cell proliferation appeared to be confined to all cells of the mucosa. The disturbance in the keratin expression of the healing mucosa could also be revealed with another monoclonal (58CH8) antibody, which reacted only with the suprabasal cells in normal tongue mucosa but lacked reactivity with the healing keratinocytes, whereas polyclonal antibodies to callus keratins showed a bright reactivity also in the healing keratinocytes. Monoclonal antibodies to desmoplakins indicated that the keratinocytes in both types of wounds had normal desmosomal cell‐to‐cell junctions. As the healing process advanced, the PKK2‐positivity regressed to that seen in normal tongue mucosa.
Identification of bacteria in association with immune components in human carious dentin
Authors: Pekovic D.D. , Adamkiewicz V.W. , Shapiro A. , Gornitsky M.
Published: April 2006

Actinomyces viscoxus, A. naselundii. Streptococcus mutans serotype “c” and S. mutans serotype “d/g” were identified in human carious dentin using histological and immunofluorescent techniques. A. viscosus was most frequently found in association with patient's immnoglobulins and complement, followed by S. mutans serotype “d/g”, S. mutans serotype “c”, and A. naeslundii.
Analysis of heart‐reactive antibodies induced in rabbits by immunization with Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Russell M. W.
Published: April 2006

The induction of antibodies that react with human heart muscle in rabbits immunized with Streptococcus mutans and related organisms has been investigated in order to re‐examine the reported antigenic cross‐reactivity between the major cell wall protein antigen I/II of S. mutans and heart tissue. Serum from 2 of 8 rabbits hyperimmunized with whole cells of S. mutans, S. sohrinus, S. rattus, or V. mitis, assayed by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay, revealed antibodies reactive with sarcolemma that could be attributed to immunization. Antisera raised against several crude and purified antigens of S. mutans did not reveal heart‐reactive antibodies, that could be attributed to antigenic similarity between heart and these antigens. An assay designed to detect antibodies that could simultaneously bind to both heart and antigen I/II of S. mutans failed to reveal cross‐reactivity due to this antigen, although antibodies separately expressing these binding activities were demonstrable. IgM rheumatoid factor was elevated in several antiscra to S. mutans, and could have contributed to some previous observations ascribed to antigenic cross‐reactivity between S. Mutans and human heart muscle.
Intra‐vascular thrombosis associated with dental ultrasound
Authors: Walmsley A. D. , Laird W. R. E. , Williams A. R.
Published: April 2006

Abstract Ultrasonic instruments used in dentistry generally operate at frequencies of 25 to 42 kHz. A wire oscillating at these ultrasonic frequencies immersed in a liquid produces local flow patterns termed acoustic microstreaming. Large shear forces are produced which arc able to rupture erythrocytes and platelets both in vitro and in vivo. This results in activation of the blood coagulation system with subsequent thrombus formation. The probe tip of an ultrasonic sealer was positioned to touch a mammalian mesenteric artery. The probe was operated for 10 to 20 s at a displacement amplitude of 15 μm. Acoustic microstreaming occurred which disturbed blood flow and this microstreaming ceased when the power was switched off. After continued operation of the probe, thrombi were formed against the vessel wall with fragments embolising downstream. These thrombi eventually grew to occlude the vessel. Furthermore, an in situ model demonstrated that acoustic energy was transmitted through the tooth during typical ultrasonic scaling procedures. As a consequence of these observations, it is possible that acoustic microstreaming fields may be generated within the blood vessels entering the tooth apex which arc large enough to induce platelet damage. Therefore there is a potential hazard from the use of the ultrasonic sealer which may induce similar thrombi formation within the pulpal or perapical tissues of the teeth. If this were to occur it could result in tooth death which might not become evident until a long time after the ultrasonic exposure.
Immunoprofile of benign and malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors
Authors: Regezi J. A. , Zarbo R. J. , Tomich C. E. , Lloyd R. V. , Courtney R. M. , Crissman J. D.
Published: April 2006

Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections from 26 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) and 61 benign fibrohistiocytic proliferations (BFHP) were evaluated immunohistochemically. An avidinbiotin‐pcroxidase technique was used to determine immunoreactivity for alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin, muramidase, HLA‐DR, leucocyte common antigen, S‐100 protein, vimentin, desmin, and keratin. MFHs were consistently positive for ACT and vimentin and inconsistently reactive for the other antigens. MFHs were negative for LCA suggesting a mesenchymal origin for these lesions. In the MFH histologic subtypes, antigen expression was not significantly different to be useful in their classification. Also no distinctive pattern emerged relative to immunoreactivity and tumor location. The benign lesions, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, dermatofibroma, and oral benign fibrous histiocytoma differed from the MFHs in that they were often LCA positive, suggesting origin from hcmatopoetic mononuclear‐macrophages. The immunoprofiles of peripheral fibromas and “giant cell” fibromas were felt to be consistent with origin from mesenchymal cells. Several of the antigens studied could be used to differentiate the benign lesions studied from other benign neoplasms. The antigens were, however, of little value in separation of benign and malignant lesions.
Demonstration of human papillomavirus DNA in oral condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Eversole L. R. , Laipis P. J. , Merrell P. , Choi E.
Published: April 2006

Condyloma acuminatum arising on oral mucous membranes exhibits distinct histopathologial features that allow for differentiation from the more common squamous papilloma. These lesions are parakeratinized with cryptic invagination of cornified cells extending into an acanthotic spinous cell layer. Superficial spinous layer koilocytosis is a prominent feature and the condylomatous papillomas exhibit a tendency for sessile architecture. Among 62 instances, the average age was 39.7 years with a predilection for the 3rd and 4th decades. The male to female ratio was 5.7:1 and the tongue, gingiva and lips were the favored sites. Whereas 25% of the evaluated cases demonstrated upper spinous layer papillomavirus common antigen immunoreactivity, DNA in situ hybridization under conditions of high stringency disclosed the presence of human papillomavirus Types 6, 11 or related genomes in 85% of the lesions. A single case was found to harbor human papillomavirus Type 2.
Localized oral amyloidosis: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Takeda Y. , Sekiyama S. , Suzuki A. , Hirose H.
Published: April 2006

An histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of localized amyloidosis in the floor of mouth of a 58‐year‐old male in good health is reported. The lesion was composed of nodular deposits of amyloid surrounded by libroblastic or histiocytic cells, and metaplastic ossification was seen in some deposits. Ultrastructural findings disclosed typical amyloid fibrils with felt‐like structure. Closely connected with the amyloid deposits were cells with active histiocytic or fibroblastic appearance. Their cytoplasm contained amyloid fibrils. At the outermost area of the amyloid deposits, bundles of amyloid fibrils projected from these cells into amyloid deposits. Amyloid protein of the present case did not react to any antisera using anti‐AA, anti‐A lambda, anti‐A kappa and anti‐prealbumin antisera. It can be assumed that histiocytes or fibroblasts play an important role in local amyloid formation, however, the nature of amyloid fibril protein in the present case is unknown.
Carriage of Candida species in the oral cavity in diabetic patients: relationship to glycaemic control
Authors: Fisher B. M. , Lamey P‐J. , Samaranayake L. P. , MacFarlane T. W. , Frier B. M.
Published: April 2006

To study the possible relationship between the quality of glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus and the carriage of Candida species, the Candidal carrier status of 412 diabetic patients was examined using an oral rinse technique and correlated with measurements of random blood glucose and total glycosylated haemoglobin. Candida was isolated in 210 diabetics (51%) with 13 patients (6%) carrying more than one species. The positive isolates were: Candida albicans (89%), Candida krusei (2.8%), Candida glabrata (2.8%), Candida tropicalis (6.2%), Candida stellatoidea (2.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (0.5%). No association was identified between carriage rates and the type of treatment of diabetes, or with the quality of glycaemic control. As in non‐diabetic subjects, the carriage rates were higher in diabetic patients wearing dentures. Thus, the oral carriage of Candida in diabetic patients was independent of glycaemic control but in certain sub‐groups the carriage rates were higher, and involved uncommon candidal species.