bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It’s not about compact cities
Authors: Herburger Johannes
Published: January 2023

While the compact city has become a major element for sustainable urban development and one of the most controversially discussed issues in contemporary urban studies, I argue that compactness has been a central element of various models of urban development for over 100 years. When we talk about a ‘renewed agenda’ for the compact city, we need to consider how historic settlement patterns, shaped by specific socio-historical conditions and ideas of compactness are re-structured through the contemporary conception of the compact city. My main argument is that the compact city in its current conception is mainly treating symptoms of unsustainable urban development but does not go deep enough to change existing patterns of uneven social geographies. By integrating the compact city with Henri Lefebvre’s conception of centrality I discuss four socio–material relations to demonstrate how centrality affects the social unevenness of spatial development and can lead us towards an understanding of compact cities as multi-scalar fields of relations today.
What is generated through rupture?
Authors: Cretney Raven , Nissen Sylvia
Published: January 2023

Our commentary explores the contested possibilities of rupture, disaster, and emergency, and reflects on growing fears around political extremism. Rupture as theorised by Mahanty et al. captures the generative potential that arises through the conditions of the Anthropocene. We emphasise the political ambiguity of these processes and their potential to spur progressive possibility as well as political change that leans towards oppression and violence. We discuss how rupture can be purposefully catalysed or co-opted as a political tool by actors with starkly different aims, underscoring the importance of understanding the types of ruptures being generated and for whom these processes of change serve.
Agrarian crisis, affect, and accumulation
Authors: Besky Sarah
Published: January 2023

This commentary responds to Mahanty et al.'s article, which offers ‘rupture’ as an alternative analytic to ‘the Anthropocene’. I apply this concept to fieldwork in Kalimpong, a district of the Indian state of West Bengal in the eastern Himalayas, to highlight the concept's utility for attending to the complexity of environmental crisis.
Acquired laryngeal hemangioma: A rare presentation in an adult
Authors: Rajab Rahaf , Sindi Abdullah , Ghanem Ahmad T , Bukhari Afnan F , Zawawi Faisal
Published: January 2023

Laryngeal hemangiomas are rare vascular tumors that mostly present in children. The objective of this publication is to shed the light over this rare diagnosis. We report a case of adult onset of laryngeal hemangioma arising from the junction of the vocal fold and vocal process. The patient presented with a history of hoarseness of voice. An in-office laryngoscopy was performed that revealed a pink lobulated mass arising from the left hemilarynx. Intraoperatively, suspension microlaryngoscopy was performed; the lesion was identified and successfully resected using cold dissection technique. Histopathological analysis was consistent with laryngeal hemangioma. The patient is now a year post resection and remains asymptomatic without signs of recurrence. To conclude, adult onset of laryngeal hemangioma is very rare. When present, resection with either or both cold steel (microscissors) and laser have shown good outcome. Patients should be monitored afterwards for possible recurrence.
Construction of Evaluation Index for Chinese Engineering Undergraduates Based on CIPP Model
Authors: Duan Peitong , Xiang Jiawen , Niu Huijun , Han Caiqin
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explore the construction of an evaluation index system for undergraduate engineering majors based on the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model under the Outcome-based Education (OBE) approach employing the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The trial of the evaluation index system involved 986 entrepreneurs, engineering technicians and teachers majoring in the field of electronic-information, who were recruited and selected for participation on the Internet. Data were collected from the consultation questionnaire developed in accordance with the indicators at all levels. Subsequently, Principal Component Analysis was used to verify the rationality of the indicator design, and the corresponding weights were adjusted. The results found that the index system includes 4 first-level, 11 second-level, and 42 third-level indicators, and different weights are assigned according to the extent of influence each of these indicators has on the quality of undergraduate training. Furthermore, the evaluation system can reflect the actual relationship among the indicators to some extent, which provides reference for the quality evaluation of engineering education.
Novel Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita Presentation in a Newborn With Pierpont Syndrome
Authors: Pereira-Nunes Joana , Vilan Ana , Grangeia Ana , d’Oliveira Renata
Published: January 2023

Pierpont syndrome is a rare and recently described multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, classically characterized by global developmental delay, distinctive facial dysmorphic features, and abnormal fat distribution in distal limbs. Only few cases were previously documented. We report a case of a term male neonate admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit because of feeding difficulties. Intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, and bilateral equinovarus foot were diagnosed in the second trimester, and prenatal array comparative genomic hybridization showed no abnormality. Physical examination revealed bilateral flexion deformities of wrists, elbows, knees and clubfoot, large hands and feet, deep palmar and plantar grooves, and calcaneo-plantar fat pads. Craniofacial dysmorphism, axial hypotonia, and hypoactivity were also observed. Due to the presence of congenital and non-progressive joint contractures, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) was considered. A comprehensive diagnostic workup, including a Next Generation Sequencing target panel, was performed but did not establish a diagnosis. The clinical exome identified an heterozygous pathogenic variant in the TBL1XR1 gene (NM_001321194.1: c.1337A>G, p.[Tyr446Cys]), allowing Pierpont syndrome diagnosis. Our case stands out for reporting the novel AMC presentation in a Pierpont syndrome newborn. The broader and precocious genetic testing proved to be an essential clarifying diagnostic tool. Our patient supports the relation between the p.Tyr446Cys sequence variant in TBL1XR1 gene with this rare syndrome, reinforcing its association with a distinctive and recognizable phenotype, as well as expanding its clinical features to include AMC.
Coming to Grips—How Nurses Deal With Restlessness, Confusion, and Physical Restraints on a Neurological/Neurosurgical Ward
Authors: Tresfon Jaco , Langeveld Kirsten , Brunsveld-Reinders Anja H. , Hamming Jaap
Published: January 2023

Physical restraints are viewed as potentially dangerous objects for patient safety. Contemporary efforts mainly focus on preventing bad outcomes in restraint use, while little attention is paid under what circumstances physical restraints are applied harmlessly. The aim of this research was to understand how physical restraints are used by neurology/neurosurgery ward nurses in relation to the protocol. In ethnographic action research, the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) was used to map and compare physical restraints as part of daily ward care against the protocol of physical restraints. Comparison between protocol and actual practice revealed that dealing with restlessness and confusion is a collective nursing skill vital in dealing with physical restraints, while the protocol failed to account for these aspects. Supporting and maintaining this skillset throughout this and similar nursing teams can prevent future misguided application physical restraints, offering valuable starting point in managing patient safety for these potentially dangerous objects.
Identifying urban form typologies in Seoul using a new Gaussian mixture model-based clustering framework
Authors: Li Na , Quan Steven Jige
Published: January 2023

Seoul, the capital city of South Korea, has diverse urban forms developed through its complex history. Previous studies show limitations of strong subjectivity and difficulty in scalability in identifying typical Seoul urban forms with expert knowledge. Data-driven approach offers an opportunity to address those challenges, but previous studies often focused on direct applications of clustering algorithms to a given area with diverse methods and workflows, lacking a systematic framework. This study addressed these issues by developing a new form clustering framework to systematically identify form typologies at a large scale and demonstrated its application in Seoul. With a 500 m × 500 m grid as the basic spatial unit and twelve urban form attributes as learning features, 14 clusters were identified using the Gaussian mixture model. These clusters were further translated into form typologies following a semantic typology naming system, with representative form samples identified. The resulting typologies were then verified and validated through comparisons with previous studies. Their relationships with zoning classes were also examined, emphasizing their role in urban planning and design. Results suggest this new framework is an effective and promising way to identify urban form typologies in complex urban environments to better support urban planning and management.
Hybrid machining of P20 die steel masters for the development of polymer-based microfluidic devices to study the effect of surface roughness on bacterial activity
Authors: Pandit Pavan , Samuel GL
Published: January 2023

Compared to the traditional machining and finishing process, a hybrid technique consisting of mechanical micro-milling and electropolishing is advantageous in maintaining dimensional accuracy and fine surface quality without compromising the form. This is a cost-effective, less tedious technique that can fabricate high-quality masters for microfluidic devices. P20-die steel masters are fabricated to evaluate the method with this technique. The dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the masters are studied. It is found that the peak-to-valley surface roughness (Rt) of the masters is reduced by 50%. These die steel masters are then used to make polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices that could be used for particle separation. As biofouling and bacterial growth are undesirable in most of the microfluidic devices, the fabricated PDMS devices are tested for bacterial growth and adhesion. The growth of DH5α Escherichia coli bacteria in the devices fabricated using the electropolished masters is evaluated. Bacterial growth and adhesion are monitored for 0, 4 and 12 h, and it is found that the growth and adhesion in these devices are reduced by 15–20% and 40–50%, respectively, compared to the devices produced using non-electropolished masters. Enumeration of the bacterial cells in the samples flown is carried out by evaluating the optical density of the sample fluids by UV-visible spectroscopy and quantifying the bacterial cells using the McFarland 0.5 standard.
Tapping into Middle Eastern Markets for Soft Drinks Industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Md. Khaled , Zaman Mahmud Habib
Published: January 2023

Though in a relatively infant stage, the soft drink industry of Bangladesh has been thriving. Coupled with high-tech machinery, a stable production process (i.e., aseptic plant) and maintaining international standards have led some companies to export soft drinks to approximately 110 countries. However, despite these achievements, the companies still deal with wavering consumer perception, cultural differences and barriers to enter foreign markets (i.e., the Middle East). Focusing on Akij Food and Beverage Ltd., this case mainly sheds light on how local companies are adapting their strategies to tackle these hurdles: dealing with the fast and fickle consumers, scepticism about quality, changing production lines and even the brand name of products to enter the Middle East markets. The case revisits classical international business topics, such as expansion strategies, culture, communications, global strategic rivalry theory, global supply chain management and distribution networks.
Nurses’ Experiences Caring for Children With Neuroblastoma Receiving 131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Therapy: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Lankin Kelly , LaFond Cynthia M. , Yost Alyssa
Published: January 2023

Background: Neuroblastoma, the most common extra-cranial solid tumor found in children, carries a high mortality rate due to challenges with metastatic disease at diagnoses and relapse. 131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-MIBG) therapy provides targeted radiotherapy to treat neuroblastoma, but requires children to be isolated for radiation exposure, with limited access to the healthcare team while hospitalized. There is minimal research outlining the nurses’ perspectives on caring for this patient population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the nurses’ experiences caring for children receiving 131I-MIBG therapy, focusing on nursing care, challenges, radiation exposure, and preparation. Methods: Ten nurses were recruited using purposeful sampling for this qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interview guides and conventional qualitative content analysis guided the data collection and analysis. Results: Nurses overwhelmingly felt isolated from their patients and a decreased sense of connection with the child. Although nurses felt prepared, they had more anxiety with the first patient experience and identified that parent engagement was essential. Overall, nurses shared they had support from written materials outlining the protocols, and members of the multidisciplinary team. More concern for radiation exposure was expressed by nurses of childbearing age and with handling bodily fluids. Discussion: Findings suggest that nurses would benefit from simulation experiences to help prepare for radiation exposure safety, strategies to engage the family in the child's care, and interacting with a child in single-room isolation. Because programs differ around the US, additional research exploring nurses’ experiences is warranted to evaluate the best successes in providing 131I-MIBG therapy.
LRP6/filamentous-actin signaling facilitates osteogenic commitment in mechanically induced periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Wang Jixiao , Yang Huiqi , Ma Xiaobei , Liu Jiani , Li Lan , Chen Lei , Wei Fulan
Published: January 2023

Background

Mechanotransduction mechanisms whereby periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) translate mechanical stress into biochemical signals and thereby trigger osteogenic programs necessary for alveolar bone remodeling are being deciphered. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a Wnt transmembrane receptor, has been qualified as a key monitor for mechanical cues. However, the role of LRP6 in the mechanotransduction of mechanically induced PDLSCs remains obscure.

Methods

The Tension System and tooth movement model were established to determine the expression profile of LRP6. The loss-of-function assay was used to investigate the role of LRP6 on force-regulated osteogenic commitment in PDLSCs. The ability of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation was estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. Crystalline violet staining was used to visualize cell morphological change. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and phalloidin staining were adopted to affirm filamentous actin (F-actin) alteration. YAP nucleoplasmic localization was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. YAP transcriptional response was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cytochalasin D was used to determine the effects of F-actin on osteogenic commitment and YAP switch behavior in mechanically induced PDLSCs.

Results

LRP6 was robustly activated in mechanically induced PDLSCs and PDL tissues. LRP6 deficiency impeded force-dependent osteogenic differentiation and proliferation in PDLSCs. Intriguingly, LRP6 loss caused cell morphological aberration, F-actin dynamics disruption, YAP nucleoplasmic relocation, and subsequent YAP inactivation. Moreover, disrupted F-actin dynamics inhibited osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, YAP nuclear translocation, and YAP activation in mechanically induced PDLSCs.

Conclusions

We identified that LRP6 in PDLSCs acted as the mechanosensor regulating mechanical stress-inducible osteogenic commitment via the F-actin/YAP cascade. Targeting LRP6 for controlling alveolar bone remodeling may be a prospective therapy to attenuate relapse of orthodontic treatment.
Global transcriptome profiling reveals differential regulatory, metabolic and hormonal networks during somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica
Authors: Awada Rayan , Lepelley Maud , Breton David , Charpagne Aline , Campa Claudine , Berry Victoria , Georget Frédéric , Breitler Jean-Christophe , Léran Sophie , Djerrab Doâa , Martinez-Seidel Federico , Descombes Patrick , Crouzillat Dominique , Bertrand Benoît , Etienne Hervé
Published: January 2023

Background

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the most promising processes for large-scale dissemination of elite varieties. However, for many plant species, optimizing SE protocols still relies on a trial and error approach. We report the first global scale transcriptome profiling performed at all developmental stages of SE in coffee to unravel the mechanisms that regulate cell fate and totipotency.

Results

RNA-seq of 48 samples (12 developmental stages × 4 biological replicates) generated 90 million high quality reads per sample, approximately 74% of which were uniquely mapped to the Arabica genome. First, the statistical analysis of transcript data clearly grouped SE developmental stages into seven important phases (Leaf, Dedifferentiation, Primary callus, Embryogenic callus, Embryogenic cell clusters, Redifferentiation and Embryo) enabling the identification of six key developmental phase switches, which are strategic for the overall biological efficiency of embryo regeneration. Differential gene expression and functional analysis showed that genes encoding transcription factors, stress-related genes, metabolism-related genes and hormone signaling-related genes were significantly enriched. Second, the standard environmental drivers used to control SE, i.e. light, growth regulators and cell density, were clearly perceived at the molecular level at different developmental stages. Third, expression profiles of auxin-related genes, transcription factor-related genes and secondary metabolism-related genes were analyzed during SE. Gene co-expression networks were also inferred. Auxin-related genes were upregulated during dedifferentiation and redifferentiation while transcription factor-related genes were switched on from the embryogenic callus and onward. Secondary metabolism-related genes were switched off during dedifferentiation and switched back on at the onset of redifferentiation. Secondary metabolites and endogenous IAA content were tightly linked with their respective gene expression. Lastly, comparing Arabica embryogenic and non-embryogenic cell transcriptomes enabled the identification of biological processes involved in the acquisition of embryogenic capacity.

Conclusions

The present analysis showed that transcript fingerprints are discriminating signatures of cell fate and are under the direct influence of environmental drivers. A total of 23 molecular candidates were successfully identified overall the 12 developmental stages and can be tested in many plant species to optimize SE protocols in a rational way.
Comparison of State-of-the-Art Neural Network Survival Models with the Pooled Cohort Equations for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction
Authors: Deng Yu , Liu Lei , Jiang Hongmei , Peng Yifan , Wei Yishu , Zhou Zhiyang , Zhong Yizhen , Zhao Yun , Yang Xiaoyun , Yu Jingzhi , Lu Zhiyong , Kho Abel , Ning Hongyan , Allen Norrina B. , Wilkins John T. , Liu Kiang , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Zhao Lihui
Published: January 2023

Background

The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) are race- and sex-specific Cox proportional hazards (PH)-based models used for 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction with acceptable discrimination. In recent years, neural network models have gained increasing popularity with their success in image recognition and text classification. Various survival neural network models have been proposed by combining survival analysis and neural network architecture to take advantage of the strengths from both. However, the performance of these survival neural network models compared to each other and to PCEs in ASCVD prediction is unknown.

Methods

In this study, we used 6 cohorts from the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project (with 5 cohorts as training/internal validation and one cohort as external validation) and compared the performance of the PCEs in 10-year ASCVD risk prediction with an all two-way interactions Cox PH model (Cox PH-TWI) and three state-of-the-art neural network survival models including Nnet-survival, Deepsurv, and Cox-nnet. For all the models, we used the same 7 covariates as used in the PCEs. We fitted each of the aforementioned models in white females, white males, black females, and black males, respectively. We evaluated models’ internal and external discrimination power and calibration.

Results

The training/internal validation sample comprised 23216 individuals. The average age at baseline was 57.8 years old (SD = 9.6); 16% developed ASCVD during average follow-up of 10.50 (SD = 3.02) years. Based on 10 × 10 cross-validation, the method that had the highest C-statistics was Deepsurv (0.7371) for white males, Deepsurv and Cox PH-TWI (0.7972) for white females, PCE (0.6981) for black males, and Deepsurv (0.7886) for black females. In the external validation dataset, Deepsurv (0.7032), Cox-nnet (0.7282), PCE (0.6811), and Deepsurv (0.7316) had the highest C-statistics for white male, white female, black male, and black female population, respectively. Calibration plots showed that in 10 × 10 validation, all models had good calibration in all race and sex groups. In external validation, all models overestimated the risk for 10-year ASCVD.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the use of the state-of-the-art neural network survival models in ASCVD risk prediction. Neural network survival models had similar if not superior discrimination and calibration compared to PCEs.
The role of social circle COVID-19 illness and vaccination experiences in COVID-19 vaccination decisions: an online survey of the United States population
Authors: Skidmore Mark
Published: January 2023

Background

Around the world, policymakers have clearly communicated that COVID-19 vaccination programs need to be accepted by a large proportion of the population to allow life return to normal. However, according to the Center for Disease Control, about 31% of the United States population had not completed the primary vaccination series as of November 2022.

Aims

The primary aim of this work is to identify the factors associated by American citizens with the decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. In addition, the proportion of fatal events from COVID-19 vaccinations was estimated and compared with the data in the VAERS database.

Methods

An online survey of COVID-19 health experiences was conducted. Information was collected regarding reasons for and against COVID-19 inoculations, experiences with COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 inoculations by survey respondents and their social circles. Logit regression analyses were carried out to identify factors influencing the likelihood of being vaccinated.

Results

A total of 2840 participants completed the survey between December 18 and 23, 2021. 51% (1383 of 2840) of the participants were female and the mean age was 47 (95% CI 46.36–47.64) years. Those who knew someone who experienced a health problem from COVID-19 were more likely to be vaccinated (OR: 1.309, 95% CI 1.094–1.566), while those who knew someone who experienced a health problem following vaccination were less likely to be vaccinated (OR: 0.567, 95% CI 0.461–0.698). 34% (959 of 2840) reported that they knew at least one person who had experienced a significant health problem due to the COVID-19 illness. Similarly, 22% (612 of 2840) of respondents indicated that they knew at least one person who had experienced a severe health problem following COVID-19 vaccination. With these survey data, the total number of fatalities due to COVID-19 inoculation may be as high as 278,000 (95% CI 217,330–332,608) when fatalities that may have occurred regardless of inoculation are removed.

Conclusion

Knowing someone who reported serious health issues either from COVID-19 or from COVID-19 vaccination are important factors for the decision to get vaccinated. The large difference in the possible number of fatalities due to COVID-19 vaccination that emerges from this survey and the available governmental data should be further investigated.
Adherence to recommended physical activity restrictions due to threatened preterm delivery – a descriptive multi-center study
Authors: Bendix Jane M. , Backhausen Mette G. , Hegaard Hanne K. , Rom Ane Lilleoere , Molsted Stig , Lokkegaard Ellen C. L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Threatened preterm delivery is a serious obstetrical complication and has for decades been prescribed physical activity restrictions (AR). Adherence to the recommended level of physical AR is however unknown. This study aimed to assess the objectively measured different physical positions and activities of pregnant women recommended AR due to threatened preterm delivery complications, compared to a reference group of uncomplicated pregnant women without restrictions, and to explore if admission status influenced adherence to AR.

Methods

A Danish descriptive, clinical multi-center study included singleton pregnancies between 22–33 gestational weeks admitted to an antenatal ward or during midwife consultations either prescribed AR due to threatened preterm delivery or uncomplicated controls without restrictions. For seven days participants wore two tri-axial accelerometric SENS® monitors. Accelerometric data included time spent in five different positions, activities, and step counts. At inclusion demographic and obstetric information was collected.

Results

Seventy-two pregnant women participated; 31% were prescribed strict AR, 15% moderate, 3% light, 8% unspecified, and 43% had no AR. Strict AR participants rested in the supine/lateral position for 17.7 median hours/day (range:9.6–24.0); sat upright 4.9 h/day (0.11–11.7); took 1,520steps/day (20–5,482), and 64% were inpatients. Moderate AR participants rested in the supine/lateral position for 15.1 h/day (11.5–21.6); sat upright 5.6 h/day (2.0–9.3); took 3,310steps/day (467–6,968), and 64% were outpatients. Participants with no AR rested 10.5 h/day (6.3–15.4) in supine/lateral position; sat upright 7.6 h/day (0.1–11.4) and took 9,235steps/day (3,225–20,818). Compared to no restrictions, participants with strict or moderate AR spent significant more time in physical resting positions and took significant fewer mean steps. Among strict AR admission status did not alter time spent in the physical positions, nor the step count.

Conclusions

Overall, participants adhered highly to the recommended AR. However, discriminating between strict and moderate AR recommendations did not alter how physical resting positions and activities were carried out. The admission status did not influence how participants adhered to strict AR.
Comprehensive mastocytosis data analysis from a single center
Authors: Tiryaki Tarık Onur , Özkan Sıdıka Gülkan , Erdem Simge , Aday Aynur Dağlar , Hindilerden İpek Yönal , Gelincik Aslı , Baykal Can , Yegen Gülçin , Doğan İbrahim Öner , Büyükbabani Nesimi , Nalçacı Meliha , Yavuz Akif Selim
Published: January 2023

Mastocytosis is a very rare disorder and is divided into three prognostically distinct variants by World Health Organization: Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM), systemic mastocytosis (SM), and mast cell sarcoma or localized mast cell (MC) tumors. The wide range of complaints may cause patients to consult various clinics, with resulting mis- or underdiagnosis. Therefore, cooperation between different subspecialties is of paramount importance. In this article, we have compiled 104 adult mastocytosis cases diagnosed and followed in our Hematology and other clinics. 86 (82.7%) of 104 patients had systemic mastocytosis. Osteoporosis, disease-related complications, and secondary malignancies are important topics in this group. We know that indolent form has great survival. But smoldering or aggressive mastocytosis has a poor prognosis. CM and indolent SM have a significantly better prognosis compared to aggressive SM (p < 0.001). We found that the presence of more than 25% of mast cells in the bone marrow, the presence of concomitant marrow dysplasia, and the presence of disease-related complications affect survival (p < 0.001). In addition to the WHO classification, the IPSM scoring system is indicative of the prognosis in this rare disease.
Prevalence and gender disparity of those who screen positive for depression in China by the classification of the employer and industry: a cross-sectional, population-based study
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Wang Yuqi , She Rui
Published: January 2023

Background

The important role of mental health in sustainable economic development is gradually being recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and gender disparity of those who screen positive for depression in China by the employer and industrial classification.

Methods

We used data from a nationally representative survey, the China Family Panel Studies. Depression was judged by the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Employer classifications were categorized according to the local characteristics of Mainland China. Industrial classifications were defined using level-1 of the China version of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities. Weighted logistic regressions were fitted to estimate the gender disparities, controlling for confounders.

Results

Forty eight thousand six hundred twenty eight adults were included. 18.7% (95%CI 18.1–19.4) of sampled adults were screened positive for depression symptoms, with 16.6% (95%CI 15.8–17.5) in males vs 21.0% (95%CI 20.1–22.0) in females. By classification of the employer, the prevalence was lowest among those employed by Government/party organisations (11.8%, 95%CI 8.9–15.4), and highest in those self-employed (21.8%, 95%CI 20.8–22.9); the gender disparity was mainly found in those employed by Sole proprietorship (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.95, 95%CI 1.19–3.19) and Private enterprise (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.13–1.59), as well as those self-employed (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.3–1.17). By industrial classification, the prevalence was lowest among those who worked in the industry of Real estate (7.2%, 95%CI 4.8–10.6), and highest among those who worked in the industry of Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing (22.9%, 95%CI 15.5–32.4); the gender disparity was mainly found in those who worked in the industry of Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing (AOR = 3.29, 95%CI 1.18–9.15), Manufacturing (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.09–1.82), Wholesale and retail trade (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.07–2.06), and Accommodation and food service (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.15–3.18).

Conclusion

The prevalence of depression in China had a wide variation by classifications of the employer and industry. Gender disparities were identified among workers from Sole proprietorship, Private enterprise, and self-employed, or workers from the industry of Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing, Manufacturing, Wholesale and retail trade, and Accommodation and food service.
The role of communities and leadership in ending female genital mutilation in Tanzania: an exploratory cross-sectional qualitative study in Tanga
Authors: Mkuwa Serafina , Sempeho Jane , Kimbute Omari , Mushy Stella Emmanuel , Ndjovu Anthony , Mfaume Juhudi , Ngalesoni Frida
Published: January 2023

Background

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is one of the diehard cultures in the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa. The act involves chopping off part of the female genitals in varying degrees depending on the society. The motive behind this practice includes reducing female sexual desire, a sign of maturation, and retaining the culture. The current study explored the roles of community members and leaders in the fight against FGM; and the reasons for continuing the practice in some societies.

Method

We did an exploratory cross-sectional qualitative study between June – July 2020 in six purposively selected villages from Kilindi and Handeni districts in Tanga that were part of the five years implementation project. The project was named Alternative Right of Passage (APR) by Amref Health Africa Tanzania to eradicate FGM. The interventions were to sensitize the community on the effects of FGM on women’s health, educate and create demand for girl children to attend and complete school. Ethnic leaders and village members aged 19 years and above were purposively selected. Due to the sensitive nature of the study, FGDs were conducted separately between men and women. In addition, we did the inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Four main themes emerged from the analysis; (1) the history of FGM and reasons behind persistent FGM practices, (2) Challenges to abandonment of FGM, (3) strategies to be used to eradicate FGM, and (4) Key change agents in ending FGM. It was reported that the FGM practice was inherited from elders years ago and is believed to reduce women’s sexual desire when the husband travels away for a long time. Some societies still practice FGM secretly because marrying an uncircumcised girl is a curse, as the husband and children will die. Some older women still practice FGM as they still hold the ancient culture. Constant communication with community leaders, seniors, and the young generation on complications of FGM will fasten efforts toward eradicating FGM practice.

Conclusion

There are sporadic cases done secretly associated with FGM practice since the ant-FGM campaign, so this should be the reason to continue with the campaign. Winning the tribal/ethnic leaders can facilitate better achievement in the fight against FGM. In addition, social diffusion with inter-tribe marriages was also singled out as one of the factors that will make FGM practice unfamiliar to the communities in the future.
Multi-level manifestations of sexual stigma among men with same-gender sexual experience in Ghana
Authors: Saalim Khalida , Amu-Adu Prince , Amoh-Otu Richard Panix , Akrong Ransford , Abu-Ba’are Gamji Rabiu , Stockton Melissa A. , Vormawor Richard , Torpey Kwasi , Nyblade Laura , Nelson LaRon E.
Published: January 2023

Sexual stigma and discrimination toward men who have same-gender sexual experiences are present across the globe. In Ghana, same-gender sexual desires and relationships are stigmatized, and the stigma is sanctioned through both social and legal processes. Such stigma negatively influences health and other material and social aspects of daily life for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, there is evidence that stigma at the interpersonal level can intersect with stigma that may be operating simultaneously at other levels. Few studies provide a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the multi-level sexual stigma derived from the direct narratives of men with same-gender sexual experience. To help fill this gap on sexual stigma, we qualitatively investigated [1] what was the range of sexual stigma manifestations, and [2] how sexual stigma manifestations were distributed across socioecological levels in a sample of Ghanaian MSM. From March to September 2020, we conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with MSM about their experiences with stigma from Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Data from the FGDs were subjected to qualitative content analysis. We identified a range of eight manifestations of sexual stigma: (1) gossiping and outing; (2) verbal abuse and intrusive questioning; (3) non-verbal judgmental gestures; (4) societal, cultural, and religious blaming and shaming; (5) physical abuse; (6) poor-quality services; (7) living in constant fear and stigma avoidance; and (8) internal ambivalence and guilt about sexual behavior. Sexual stigma manifestations were unevenly distributed across socioecological levels. Our findings are consistent with those of existing literature documenting that, across Africa, and particularly in Ghana, national laws and religious institutions continue to drive stigma against MSM. Fundamental anti-homosexual sentiments along with beliefs associating homosexuality with foreign cultures and immorality drive the stigmatization of MSM. Stigma experienced at all socioecological levels has been shown to impact both the mental and sexual health of MSM. Deeper analysis is needed to understand more of the lived stigma experiences of MSM to develop appropriate stigma-reduction interventions. Additionally, more community-level stigma research and interventions are needed that focus on the role of family and peers in stigma toward MSM in Ghana.
The relationship between nutrition literacy and nutrition information seeking attitudes and healthy eating patterns among a group of palestinians
Authors: Al Tell Mariam , Natour Nihal , Alshawish Eman , Badrasawi Manal
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Nutrition literacy is crucial because it gives people information and drives them to take responsibility for their eating habits. Prior research on three categories of nutrition literacy among Palestinians was lacking: functional literacy (FNL), interactive literacy (INL), and critical literacy (CNL).

Aims

(1) Describe three types of nutrition literacy—FNL, INL, and CNL—among a group of Palestinians was one of the study’s primary objectives. (2) To investigate the connections between various nutrition literacy levels, eating habits, and the habit of seeking out nutrition-related information.

Methods

149 Palestinians were chosen at random to take part in the study in the fall of 2020. Data on sociodemographic variables were gathered through an online survey that was disseminated across social and educational internet sites. Nutrition literacy data was gathered using a translated questionnaire, while diet behavior data was gathered using the Short Format of the Diet Health and Knowledge Survey (SFDHKS). The data were examined using SPSS 21.

Results

This study included young people (20.4 ± 4.9 years old), 78% of whom were female. The majorities of participants had bachelor’s degrees or were already enrolled in school to obtain them. FNL had a mean of 2.8 ± 0.5, INL of 3.3 ± 0.5, and CNL of 3.6 ± 0.5. The connection between CNL and INL was significant (p 0.05). Significant correlations were found between many aspects of diet behavior, the usage of food labels, and nutrition literacy.

Conclusion

Participants from the Palestinian community are willing to learn about and comprehend nutrition facts and how it relates to diet behavior in 2021.
Return to sports after arthroscopic Bankart repair in teenage athletes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Harada Yohei , Iwahori Yusuke , Kajita Yukihiro , Takahashi Ryosuke , Yokoya Shin , Sumimoto Yasuhiko , Deie Masataka , Adachi Nobuo
Published: January 2023

Background

Anterior shoulder instability is frequent among young athletes. Surgical treatment for this injury aims to facilitate an early return to sports (RTS). However, the rate of recurrent instability after surgery is reportedly high among young patients, and it is unclear whether surgery ensures satisfactory RTS. The purpose of this study was to verify the clinical outcomes and RTS after arthroscopic Bankart repair in competitive teenage athletes without critical bone loss in the glenoid.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed competitive teenage athletes who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair. Patients with large bony defects in the glenoid, larger than 20% of the healthy side, were excluded. Clinical outcomes, recurrent instability, the final level of RTS, and the time needed for RTS were analyzed.

Results

In total, 50 patients with a mean follow-up period of 44.5 ± 19.6 (range, 24–85 months) months were included. The mean age at surgery was 16.8 ± 1.7 (range, 13–19 years) years. Two patients (4.0%) experienced recurrent instability. All patients returned to sports, 96% of patients participated competitively, and 76% achieved a complete return to the pre-injury level without any complaints. The time for RTS was 6.6 ± 2.7 months (range, 3–18 months), to competitions was 9.3 ± 4.0 (range, 6–24 months) months, and to complete return was 10.6 ± 4.3 (range, 8–24 months) months. The complete return rates varied by sports type, with 82% in contact athletes, 59% in dominant-hand overhead athletes, and 100% in other athletes (P = 0.026). Other preoperative factors or concomitant lesion such as bony Bankart, superior labrum tear, or humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligament lesion did not affect the complete RTS.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic Bankart repair is an effective surgical procedure for anterior shoulder instability, even among competitive teenage athletes. Sports type was the only factor associated with complete RTS after surgery.
Factors associated with fear of childbirth in a subsequent pregnancy: a nationwide case–control analysis in Finland
Authors: Vaajala Matias , Liukkonen Rasmus , Kuitunen Ilari , Ponkilainen Ville , Mattila Ville M. , Kekki Maiju
Published: January 2023

Background

Fear of childbirth can develop due to the concerns or adverse maternal or foetal outcomes experienced in a previous pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the main risk factors associated with the development of fear of childbirth during subsequent pregnancies and deliveries.

Methods

In this case–control study, data from the National Medical Birth Register were used to evaluate the events in previous pregnancies that were potential risk factors for fear of childbirth in subsequent pregnancies. The first and second pregnancies of women registered during our study period (2004–2018) were included. The exposure variable was delivery mode, obstetric challenge or adverse neonatal outcomes during the first pregnancy. The outcome was the development of FOC during the second pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs were used for comparison.

Results

A total of 13 064 pregnancies were included in the case group and 195 351 in the control group. Previous emergency caesarean section was the strongest risk factor for the development of FOC in the second pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 5.27, CIs 4.83–5.75). In addition, unplanned CS (adjusted odds ratio 3.93, CIs 3.77–4.10) and vacuum delivery (adjusted odds ratio 1.69, CIs 1.61–1.77) also increased the odds of fear of childbirth. Of the obstetric complications, third- or fourth-degree tear of the perineum was the strongest risk factor (adjusted odds ratio 2.99, CIs 2.69–3.31), followed by shoulder dystocia (adjusted odds ratio 2.82, CIs 2.16–3.62). Neonatal mortality also increased the odds for the development of FOC (adjusted odds ratio 2.17, CIs 1.77–2.64).

Conclusion

The main risk factors for the development of fear of childbirth in the second pregnancy were previous fear of childbirth, unplanned CS, vacuum delivery, perineal tear or shoulder dystocia. The results of this study can be used in a clinical setting to improve the prevention of fear of childbirth.
Access to hip and knee arthroplasty in England: commissioners’ policies for body mass index and smoking status and implications for integrated care systems
Authors: McLaughlin Joanna , Elsey Joshua , Kipping Ruth , Owen-Smith Amanda , Judge Andrew , McLeod Hugh
Published: January 2023

Background

Commissioning policies are in place in England that alter access to hip and knee arthroplasty based on patients’ body mass index and smoking status. Our objectives were to ascertain the prevalence, trend and nature of these policies, and consider the implications for new integrated care systems (ICSs).

Methods

Policy data were obtained from an internet search for all current and historic clinical commissioning group (CCG) hip and knee arthroplasty policies and use of Freedom of Information (FOI) requests to each CCG. Descriptive analyses of policy type, explicit threshold criteria and geography are reported. Estimates were made of the uptake of policies by ICSs based on the modal policy type of their constituent CCGs.

Results

There were 106 current and 143 historic CCGs in England at the time of the search in June 2021. Policy information was available online for 56.2% (140/249) CCGs. With the addition of information from FOIs, complete policy information was available for 94.4% (235/249) of CCGs. Prevalence and severity of policies have increased over time. For current CCGs, 67.9% (72/106) had a policy for body mass index (BMI) and 75.5% (80/106) had a policy for smoking status for hip or knee arthroplasty. Where BMI policies were in place, 61.1% (44/72) introduced extra waiting time before surgery or restricted access to surgery based on BMI thresholds (modal threshold: BMI of 40 kg/m2, range 30–45). In contrast, where smoking status policies were in place, most offered patients advice or optional smoking cessation support and only 15% (12/80) introduced extra waiting time or mandatory cessation before surgery. It is estimated that 40% of ICSs may adopt a BMI policy restrictive to access to arthroplasty.

Conclusions

Access policies to arthroplasty based on BMI and smoking status are widespread in England, have increased in prevalence since 2013, and persist within new ICSs. The high variation in policy stringency on BMI between regions is likely to cause inequality in access to arthroplasty and to specialist support for affected patients. Further work should determine the impact of different types of policy on access to surgery and health inequalities.
Adaptations in the role of pharmacists under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kambayashi Dan , Manabe Toshie , Hirohara Masayoshi
Published: January 2023

Background

Community pharmacists actively engage in managing the health of local residents, but the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid adaptations in practice activities.

Objectives

We sought to identify the specific adaptations in practice and the expanded roles of community pharmacists in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of published studies reporting the tasks of pharmacists in community pharmacies or who were involved in pharmacy practices addressing the pandemic. Two investigators independently searched PubMed (December 2019–January 2022) for eligible articles. We conducted a meta-analysis to measure the frequencies of practical activities by pharmacists in response to COVID-19.

Results

We identified 30 eligible studies. Meta-analysis of these studies found that the most commonly reported adaptation in pharmacist practice activities was modifying hygiene behaviors, including regular cleaning and disinfection (81.89%), followed by maintaining social distance from staff and clients (76.37%). Educating clients on COVID-19 was reported by 22 studies (72.54%). Telemedicine and home delivery services were provided to clients by 49.03 and 41.98% of pharmacists, respectively.

Conclusions

The roles of community pharmacists in public health activities have adapted and expanded in response to COVID-19, notably by incorporating public health education activities.