bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compressive hyperspectral Raman imaging via randomly interleaved scattering projection
Authors: Yuan Hang , Zhang Pengfei , Gao Feng
Published: October 2021

Recently, compressive sensing has been introduced to confocal Raman imaging to accelerate data acquisition. In particular, unsupervised compressive imaging methods do not require a priori knowledge of an object’s spectral signatures, and they are thus applicable to unknown or dynamically changing systems. However, the current methods based on either spatial or spectral undersampling struggle between spatial and spectral fidelities at high compression ratios. By exciting a sample with an array of focused laser beams and randomly interleaving the projection locations of the scattering, we simultaneously demonstrate a single-acquisition confocal Raman hyperspectral imaging with a high fidelity and resolution in spatial and spectral domains, at a compression ratio of 40–50. The proposed method is also demonstrated with suppressed noise and a smooth transition at the boundaries.
Quantitative super-resolution solid immersion microscopy via refractive index profile reconstruction
Authors: Chernomyrdin N. V. , Skorobogatiy M. , Gavdush A. A. , Musina G. R. , Katyba G. M. , Komandin G. A. , Khorokhorov A. M. , Spektor I. E. , Tuchin V. V. , Zaytsev K. I.
Published: October 2021

Solid Immersion (SI) microscopy is a modern imaging modality that overcomes the Abbe diffraction limit and offers novel applications in various branches of visible, infrared, terahertz, and millimeter-wave optics. Despite the widespread use, SI microscopy usually results in qualitative imaging. Indeed, it presents only the raw distributions (in the image plane) of the backscattered field intensity, while unlocking the information about the physical properties of an imaged object, such as its complex refractive index (RI) distribution, requires resolving the inverse problem and remains a daunting task. In this paper, a method for resolving the SI microscopy inverse problem is developed, capable of reconstructing the RI distribution at the object imaging plane with subwavelength spatial resolution, while performing only intensity measurements. The sample RI is retrieved via minimization of the error function that characterizes discrepancy between the experimental data and the predictions of analytical model. This model incorporates all the key features of the electromagnetic-wave interaction with the SI lens and an imaged object, including contributions of the evanescent and ordinary-reflected waves, as well as effects of light polarization and wide beam aperture. The model is verified numerically, using the finite-element frequency-domain method, and experimentally, using the in-house reflection-mode continuous-wave terahertz SI microscope. Spatial distributions of the terahertz RIs of different low-absorbing optical materials and highly absorbing biological objects were studied and compared to a priori known data to demonstrate the potential of the novel SI microscopy modality. Given the linear nature of the Maxwell’s equations, the developed method can be applied for subwavelength-resolution SI microscopy at other spectral ranges.
Scan multiplier unit for ultrafast laser scanning beyond the inertia limit
Authors: Xiao Sheng , Davison Ian , Mertz Jerome
Published: October 2021

A passive add-on greatly multiplies the sweep rate of any mechanical scanner while also enhancing throughput, enabling a single linear scanner to produce ultrafast 1D or 2D laser scans for general applications.
Association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay with signs and symptoms of dry eye disease: A cross-sectional study using qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative strategies
Authors: Lee You Hyun , Bang Seung-Pil , Shim Kyu-Young , Son Myung-Jin , Kim Harim , Jun Jong Hwa
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze the association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) immunoassay with the severity of dry eye (DE) signs and symptoms through qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative evaluations of immunoassay band.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled 320 eyes of 320 patients. The clinical signs of DE were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disorder Index (OSDI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), tear breakup time (tBUT), tear volume evaluation by tear meniscometry, and staining scores of the cornea and conjunctiva by the Oxford grading scheme. The tear MMP-9 immunoassay results were interpreted using qualitative (positive or negative), semi-quantitative (reagent band density on a four-point scale: 0 = negative; 1 = weakly positive; 2 = moderately positive; 3 = strongly positive), and quantitative (ratio of reagent band density to control band density) indicators.

Results

Positive MMP-9 immunoassay results were significantly related to shorter tBUT, tBUT ≤3 seconds, higher corneal staining score, corneal staining score ≥2, and conjunctival staining score ≥2. The semi-quantitative results of the MMP-9 immunoassay were positively correlated with higher corneal staining score (r = 0.122, p = 0.029) and negatively correlated with tBUT (r = -0.125, p = 0.025). However, in the quantitative analysis, none of the DE signs or symptoms were correlated to the band density of the MMP-9 immunoassay.

Conclusions

The positive MMP-9 immunoassay results were related to the severity of ocular signs of DE. However, using quantitative measures of the MMP-9 immunoassay to assess the clinical severity of DE requires further investigation.
Psychometric evaluation of the Danish language version of the field practice experiences questionnaire for students in teacher education (FPE-DK) using item analysis according to the Rasch model
Authors: Nielsen Tine
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to conduct a first validation of three field practice experience scales intended to measure students’ opportunities to learn through observation of other teachers, own practice and feedback on own practice of 12 key teaching activities while in field practice placement as part of teacher education programs. The scales were translated and adapted from the elementary teaching candidate survey from the Development of Ambitious Instruction project. Items were adapted to refer to the teaching subject students were training in, and the response scale was modified. A four-step translation-back-translation strategy was used, and subsequently the Danish and a Norwegian and Icelandic translations were mutually adjusted for meaning to facilitate later cross-Nordic studies. Participants were 345 Danish students in the teacher education program from one university college, who had been in at least one field practice placement. Data were collected using a targeted online survey during one month immediately following field placement. Data was analysed using the Rasch model. Each of the three field experience scales fitted a Rasch model, with no evidence against overall homogeneity of scores for low versus high scoring students, local dependence between items, or DIF in relation to level of field practice, campus, type of teacher education program, gender or age. Reliability of each scale was excellent for most subgroups, while the targeting of the scales to the study sample was not very good, as there were too few teaching activities occurring rarely during field practice (i.e. too few difficult items). For all three scales there were significant differences in mean scores dependent on level of field practice placement. Thus, while the scales should be expanded to get better coverage of students’ opportunities to learn in relation to all the core teaching activities present in that are to be trained in the field practice placement, the very good psychometric properties of the three scales, shows promise for future research.
The importance of age in compositional and functional profiling of the human intestinal microbiome
Authors: Herzog Elio L. , Wäfler Melania , Keller Irene , Wolf Sebastian , Zinkernagel Martin S. , Zysset-Burri Denise C.
Published: October 2021

The intestinal microbiome plays a central role in human health and disease. While its composition is relatively stable throughout adulthood, the microbial balance starts to decrease in later life stages. Thus, in order to maintain a good quality of life, including the prevention of age-associated diseases in the elderly, it is important to understand the dynamics of the intestinal microbiome. In this study, stool samples of 278 participants were sequenced by whole metagenome shotgun sequencing and their taxonomic and functional profiles characterized. The two age groups, below65 and above65, could be separated based on taxonomic and associated functional features using Multivariate Association of Linear Models. In a second approach, through machine learning, biomarkers connecting the intestinal microbiome with age were identified. These results reflect the importance to select age-matched study groups for unbiased metagenomic data analysis and the possibility to generate robust data by applying independent algorithms for data analysis. Furthermore, since the intestinal microbiome can be modulated by antibiotics and probiotics, the data of this study may have implications on preventive strategies of age-associated degradation processes and diseases by microbiome-altering interventions.
Non-linear interaction between physical activity and polygenic risk score of body mass index in Danish and Russian populations
Authors: Borisevich Dmitrii , Schnurr Theresia M. , Engelbrechtsen Line , Rakitko Alexander , Ängquist Lars , Ilinsky Valery , Aadahl Mette , Grarup Niels , Pedersen Oluf , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Hansen Torben
Published: October 2021

Body mass index (BMI) is a highly heritable polygenic trait. It is also affected by various environmental and behavioral risk factors. We used a BMI polygenic risk score (PRS) to study the interplay between the genetic and environmental factors defining BMI. First, we generated a BMI PRS that explained more variance than a BMI genetic risk score (GRS), which was using only genome-wide significant BMI-associated variants (R2= 13.1% compared to 6.1%). Second, we analyzed interactions between BMI PRS and seven environmental factors. We found a significant interaction between physical activity and BMI PRS, even when the well-known effect of theFTOregion was excluded from the PRS, using a small dataset of 6,179 samples. Third, we stratified the study population into two risk groups using BMI PRS. The top 22% of the studied populations were included in a high PRS risk group. Engagement in self-reported physical activity was associated with a 1.66 kg/m2decrease in BMI in this group, compared to a 0.84 kg/m2decrease in BMI in the rest of the population. Our results (i) confirm that genetic background strongly affects adult BMI in the general population, (ii) show a non-linear interaction between BMI genetics and physical activity, and (iii) provide a standardized framework for future gene-environment interaction analyses.
Association of hospital nursing and postsurgical sepsis
Authors: Dierkes Andrew M. , Aiken Linda H. , Sloane Douglas M. , McHugh Matthew D.
Published: October 2021

Despite concerted research and clinical efforts, sepsis remains a common, costly, and often fatal occurrence. Little evidence exists for the relationship between institutional nursing resources and the incidence and outcomes of sepsis after surgery. The objective of this study was to examine whether hospital nursing resource quality is associated with postsurgical sepsis incidence and survival. This cross-sectional, secondary data analysis used registered nurses’ reports on hospital nursing resources—staffing, education, and work environment—and multivariate logistic regressions to model their association with risk-adjusted postsurgical sepsis and mortality in 568 hospitals across four states. Better work environment quality was associated with lower odds of sepsis. While the likelihood of death among septic patients was nearly seven times that of non-septic patients, better nursing resources were associated with reduced mortality for all patients. Whereas the preponderance of sepsis research has focused on clinical interventions to prevent and treat sepsis, this study describes organizational characteristics hospital administrators may modify through organizational change targeting nurse staffing, education, and work environments to improve patient outcomes.
Association between nitric oxide synthase T-786C genetic polymorphism and chronic kidney disease: Meta-analysis incorporating trial sequential analysis
Authors: Hsiao Po-Jen , Chiu Chih-Chien , Tsai Dung-Jang , Ko Pi-Shao , Chen Ying-Kai , Cheng Hao , Su Wen , Lu Kuo-Cheng , Su Sui-Lung
Published: October 2021

Background

Several meta-analyses of the relationship between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T-786C gene polymorphism and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been published. However, the results of these studies were inconsistent, and it is undetermined whether sample sizes are sufficient to reach a definite conclusion.

Objective

To elucidate the relationship between T-786C and CKD by combining previous studies with our case-control sample and incorporate trial sequential analysis (TSA) to verify whether the sample size is adequate to draw a definite conclusion.

Methods

PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles on eNOS T-786C and CKD before February 28, 2021. TSA was also incorporated to ascertain a conclusion. A total of 558 hemodialysis cases in the case-control study was recruited from nine dialysis centers in the northern area of Taiwan in 2020. Additionally, 640 healthy subjects of the control group, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, were selected from participants of the annual elderly health examination program at the Tri-Service General Hospital. The functional analysis was based on eQTL data from GTExPortal.

Results

After screening with eligibility criteria, 15 papers were included and eventually combined in a meta-analysis. The result of the TSA showed that the sample size for Caucasians was adequate to ascertain the correlation between eNOS T-786C and CKD but was insufficient for Asians. Therefore, we added our case-control samples (n = 1198), though not associated with CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69–1.46), into a meta-analysis, which supported that eNOS T-786C was significantly associated with CKD in Asians (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.04–1.85) by using an adequate cumulative sample size (n = 4572) analyzed by TSA. Data of eQTL from GTEx showed that T-786C with the C minor allele exhibited relatively lower eNOS mRNA expression in whole blood, indicating the hazardous role of eNOS T-786C in CKD.

Conclusions

eNOS T-786C genetic polymorphism was of conclusive significance in the association with CKD among Asians in our meta-analysis. Our case-control samples play a decisive role in changing conclusions from indefinite to definite.
Repercusión del acúfeno en pacientes con enfermedad de Ménière
Authors: Prieto Maillo Estela Cristina , Ferreira Cendón Sofía , Fernández Nava María José , Martínez Carranza Ramón Antonio , Gómez Sánchez José Carlos , Batuecas Caletrío Ángel
Published: October 2021

Introducción y objetivo: El acúfeno conforma junto con los episodios de vértigo, hipoacusia neurosensorial y la sensación de plenitud ótica los síntomas cardinales de la Enfermedad de Ménière. No alcanzando la importancia que le corresponde en el manejo de esta enfermedad, el acúfeno repercute profundamente en la vida de los pacientes, sobre todo en la esfera psicológica. Método: Se seleccionaron 15 pacientes con Enfermedad de Ménière diagnosticados según los criterios de la Sociedad de Bárány en Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. Se registraron variables específicas para el análisis de los síntomas cardinales de la enfermedad de Ménière. Se recogieron datos sobre la edad de aparición y años de evolución de la enfermedad y de la misma manera para el acúfeno, la afectación bilateral o unilateral de la misma y en este último supuesto, el oído afecto. Se sometió a los pacientes a estudio audiométrico junto con acufenometría. Se valoraron los principales parámetros definitorios del acúfeno: frecuencia (Hz), intensidad (dB), umbral de enmascaramiento (dB) e inhibición residual (segundos).  Los pacientes realizaron el test Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) y Escala visual analógica (VAS). La valoración de alteraciones en el estado de ánimo se obtuvo a través de la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS). Resultados: La edad media de diagnóstico de la Enfermedad de Ménière es 47,47 años. Las medias de pérdida auditiva en cada frecuencia por la enfermedad de Ménière se sitúan en torno a los 50 dB. El acúfeno no predomina en ninguno de los oídos (p>0,05). Se determinó una relación fuertemente significativa entre THI y VAS (r=0,72; p<0,01). Tanto THI como VAS no se relacionaron con los valores de la media de las pérdidas auditivas de ambos oídos. Los pacientes con más de dos años de evolución de la enfermedad se corresponden estadísticamente con puntuaciones mayores en THI y en la subescala de depresión del HADS (r= 0,821; p=0,001). Discusión: La intensidad del acúfeno, cuantificada de manera subjetiva con THI, no se relaciona con el grado de pérdida auditiva en los pacientes con Enfermedad de Ménière. El estudio de la esfera psicológica a través de la escala HADS demuestra la existencia de trastornos del ánimo en estos pacientes, prevaleciendo la patología depresiva en aquellos que presentan acúfenos de larga evolución.
solução para a equação de Richards em perfis de solos em camadas com a abordagem de domínio único
Authors: Lopes Diego , Estumano Diego , Macêdo Emanuel , Quaresma João
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma solução para equação de Richards para o escoamento unidimensional de água através de perfis de solo em camadas, usando uma abordagem em domínio único. Foi proposto uma formulação matemática em que uma função de transição é inserida na modelagem para suavizar as descontinuidades presentes nas interfaces. O Método das Linhas (MOL), juntamente com um esquema de volumes finitos, é usado para resolver o problema. Uma comparação é realizada entre os resultados obtidos e aqueles da literatura para verificação do modelo. Para todos os casos estudados, efetuou-se uma análise de convergência e experimentos numéricos foram realizados para analisar as influências dos parâmetros físicos Ks e α. Resultados foram obtidos em termos de teor de umidade (θ) e convertidos em termos de pressão hidráulica (ψ), apresentando boa concordância com os valores da literatura, mostrando que a abordagem do problema em domínio único pode lidar com a descontinuidade presente na interface, e que a função de transição sugerida é um caminho viável para a solução da equação de Richards.
Ensino de Geografia durante o Regime Especial de Atividades Não Presenciais
Authors: DE FREITAS MAISA
Published: October 2021

Este texto pretende analisar as experiências de uma docente no ensino de Geografia durante o Regime Especial de Atividades Não Presenciais (REANP) em uma escola pública de Minas Gerais, no ano de 2020. A metodologia tem enfoque qualitativo e descritivo. Utilizamos como aporte teórico referências sobre o Ensino da Geografia e as Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC). Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e etnografia virtual com 12 grupos de WhatsApp®. O recorte da pesquisa envolveu a participação da autora do presente texto como professora de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental entre 6º e 8º ano entre março a novembro de 2020. Foi possível verificar o forte uso do WhatsApp® como uma das principais ferramentas de comunicação entre a professora e seus alunos, seguido do e-mail. Tal processo, contudo, se apresentou mais como um mecanismo operacional e burocrático do que pedagógico. As experiências também evidenciaram o despreparo docente para lidar com o formato de ensino não presencial e a necessidade de formação inicial e continuada dos professores, bem como a reflexão sobre os paradigmas emergentes a respeito das novas práticas de ensino que vêm se delineando atualmente
O pensamento Complexo de Edgar Morin e suas contribuições ao campo da educação: Uma análise da prática desenvolvida na Escola da Ponte à luz da Teoria da Complexidade
Authors: Lopes Cabral Elís Fábia , Barbosa Carneiro Keity , Gomes Carneiro Tereza Kelly
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo buscamos tecer algumas considerações a respeito do pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin, sobretudo, no que tange às suas contribuições ao campo da educação. Para tanto, se fez necessário um enfoque em sua obra “Sete saberes necessários à educação do futuro”, pois acreditamos que afora a vasta produção acadêmica e intelectual do autor, nesta produção Morin se esforça em estabelecer, de forma pragmática, princípios fundamentais para uma educação não fragmentada. A partir da análise dessa obra nos preocupamos em como a aplicação da Teoria da Complexidade se dá no campo da práxis, assim, elegemos a Escola da Ponte, como um exemplo de experiência exitosa que pode servir como reflexo do pensamento de Edgar Morin.
Dilemas em torno dos conceitos/termos formação contínua e formação continuada:
Authors: Araújo de Freitas Silva Anair , Rocha Juliano Guerra
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta reflexões sobre os termos/conceitos formação contínua e formação continuada, compreendendo as possíveis distinções e aproximações teóricas entre eles, a partir de um diálogo com pesquisadores do campo educacional. Vale salientar que ambos os termos são utilizados por diversos estudiosos e pesquisadores desse campo, porém não apresentam claramente uma explicação epistemológica para utilizar ou defender um ou outro. Esta investigação objetiva suscitar uma análise a respeito dos conceitos discutidos e apresentar a defesa e argumentos de alguns autores brasileiros e estrangeiros que se dedicam à pesquisa sobre formação de professores. Os dados aqui expostos foram obtidos por meio de troca de correspondências eletrônicas (e-mail) com pesquisadores do Brasil, Canadá, Espanha e Portugal, para conhecer e compreender as diferentes concepções e posicionamentos em relação à discussão desses termos.
Effectiveness of early abobotulinum toxin (Dysport®) injections in patients with upper limb spastic paresis after traumatic brain injury in real clinical practice: results of a multicenter observational non-interventional prospective study (Adults with post Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) upper limb (UL) spasticity – APTULS)
Authors: Khatkova S. E. , Diagileva V. P. , Krylova L. V. , Pokhabov D. V. , Arutiunian A. G.
Published: October 2021

The article reveals results of the first russian prospective observational study, aimed at evaluating of the clinical results early using injections of abobotulinumtoxinA (Abo-BTA, Dysport®) in patients with upper limb spasticity (ULS), which is one of disabling consequence traumatic's brain injuries (TBI). Currently, botulinum therapy is an integral part of the complex treatment of patients with chronic spasticity, has a high level of evidence (level IA), is included in clinical recommendations, national guidelines in a lot of countries around the world countries. The article analyzes results of studies conducted in the world in recent years, which confirm the effectiveness of Abo-BTA injections in the treatment of spasticity, which developing in early period after acute brain injury. Presented data of their own observations are allowed to authors conclude, that using of Abo-BTA injections in the complex rehabilitation of patients with ULS in the early recovery period of TBI demonstrates its good tolerability and a high safety profile, contributes to improving the effectiveness of treatment by reducing muscle tone and spasticity, increasing the volume of movements in joints. Therefore, Abo-BTA injections can be considered as a necessary addition to standard early rehabilitation programs. However, it is necessary to conduct further large-scale studies to more accurately determine the timing of the start of botulinum therapy, the doses of Abo-BTA, the most effective combinations of rehabilitation methods in the creating of individual programs.
Insomnia in chronic non-specific low back pain
Authors: Lamkova I. A. , Parfenov V. A.
Published: October 2021

Patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) often have sleep disturbances (insomnia), which negatively affects pain severity, mental state, activities of everyday living, and the overall quality of life. The prevalence of insomnia in patients with CNSLBP and the effectiveness of its therapy require further investigation.

Objective: to identify the prevalence of insomnia and the effectiveness of its treatment in CNSLBP.

Patients and methods. The study included 71 patients aged 18–75 years (mean age 55.09±13.0 years) with CNSLBP. A single sleep hygiene educational session was run in the standard treatment group (n=34; mean age – 51±14 years). Intervention in the extended therapy group (n=37; mean age – 59±12 years) included an educational program dedicated to sleep, which was an individual face-to-face course of 4–5 sessions over two weeks and a telephone survey after three months. We used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep disturbances, a numerical rating scale (NRS) to assess pain, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), and the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12) to assess physical activity and quality of life. The survey was carried out three times (at the admission, after 7–10 and 80–90 days).

Results and discussion. In both groups of patients with CNSLBP, PSQI scores improved in a week and after 3 months compared with baseline (p<0.05). Sleep quality between 7th and 90th days significantly improved only in the extended therapy group (p=0.025). ISI scores significantly improved during inpatient treatment in both groups (p<0.05), but between 7th and 90th days significantly improved only in the extended therapy group (р=0.048). Back pain intensity according to NRS significantly decreased in a week and after 3 months, compared to baseline (р<0.0001). Significant increase in physical activity (p≤0.001), physical and mental components of quality of life (p<0.05) were found only in the extended therapy group.

Conclusion. Most patients with CNSLBP have insomnia, the treatment of which can improve sleep and help reduce pain.
Spasticity syndrome in cerebral pathology: evaluation and clinical models
Authors: Kovalenko A. P. , Voznyuk I. A. , Misikov V. K.
Published: October 2021

Knowing the frequency of spasticity patterns in different muscles allows correcting the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) administration schemes and creating spasticity models that could predict the drug consumption and treatment cost.

Objective: to develop clinical spasticity models based on the frequencies of the spastic syndrome in the muscles of the extremities in post-stroke patients to optimize BoNT administration.

Patients and methods. We examined 129 patients of both sexes aged 61.2±8.0 years with post-stroke spasticity (mean time after the stroke – 4.6±2.2). Twenty-seven muscles were tested for spasticity: shoulder girdle (n=3), upper (n=9) and lower (n=15) extremities. We used the original manual testing methods (MTM) of spasticity and the Tardieu scale (TS).

Results and discussion. We observed the following frequencies of spasticity in the arm muscles: pectoralis major, brachioradialis, pronator teres, fl. carpi radialis, fl. digitorum profundus et superfacialis, fl. pollicis long. – over 70%, subscapularis – 61%, brachialis – 56.6%, biceps brachii – 35.8%. Frequencies of spasticity in the leg muscles were: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, fl. digitorum long. – 37.5%, gracilis – 21.4%, cap. med. gastrocnemius – 48%, tibialis post. – 39.2%, soleus – 19.6%, fl. halluces long. – 23%. There was no spasticity in the hip adductors; low spasticity incidence was seen in fl. digitorum brev. et fl. halluces brev. (<10%), tibialis ant., rectus femoris (<5%); biceps femoris, teres major, fl. carpi ulnaris, and cap. lat. gastrocnemius (<2%). Based on the frequency of identified spastic patterns, we created four models of patients with arm spasticity and five models – with leg spasticity with the calculation of the necessary doses of BoNT.

Conclusion. We propose several spasticity models, which allow calculating the treatment costs, considering the frequency of involvement of specific muscles in spasticity evaluation, and tracking the rehabilitation follow-up of the patient's transition from one clinical model to another.
Treatment of cognitive impairment in arterial hypertension
Authors: Starchina Yu. A. , Sleptcova K. S.
Published: October 2021

Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the earliest and most frequent neurological disorders in patients with arterial hypertension. Arterial hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for stroke and cerebral microangiopathy, which underlies the development of non-stroke associated CI. Antihypertensive therapy plays an essential role in preventing the development and slowing the progression of CI by controlling blood pressure. The review discusses the use of memantine – a reversible inhibitor of NMDA receptors (akatinol memantine) – in vascular CI.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Leiden (1575–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David , Stelter Robert
Published: October 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the University of Leiden from its inception in 1575 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
Reformas curriculares no campo educativo: Políticas e práticas educacionais cotidianas e limites da perspectiva aplicacionista
Authors: Rufino Luiz Gustavo Bonatto
Published: October 2021

O processo de construção de políticas educativas tem provocado tensões que reverberam em dificuldades na análise e consideração das práticas curriculares, sobretudo em contextos de desigualdade social. As políticas e práticas educacionais apresentam-se na interface entre os campos político e educativo, estando carregadas de disputas, conflitos e interesses permeados pela busca do monopólio do poder. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal do presente estudo foi investigar por meio de um ensaio teórico, os modos de compreensão, constituição, análise e tradução das políticas e práticas educacionais cotidianas e suas interfaces com os campos político e educativo e as relações com os diferentes agentes sociais no decorrer desse processo de atuação. As análises circunscreveram três eixos: 1) compreensão do contexto das reformas educativas; 2) análise dos limites do paradigma aplicacionista das políticas educativas; 3) proposições de outros paradigmas para as políticas e práticas educacionais na atualidade. Conclui-se que é fundamental fomentar a ruptura paradigmática nos modos de atuação nas políticas e práticas educacionais que possam romper com a racionalidade técnica e ampliar os entendimentos do ciclo de políticas, possibilitando a constituição do estatuto de autoria curricular e de valorização da prática como lócus estruturante do trabalho docente.
Investigating the Throughput Performance of the MPT-GRE Network Layer Multipath Library in Emulated WAN Environment
Authors: Szilágyi Szabolcs , Bordán Imre
Published: October 2021

Nowadays there is a growing demand for a much faster and more secure communication without borders through the internet, which is provoking more and more both network designers and manufacturers of communication devices. Thanks to the BYOD trend, our communication devices can be easily carried anywhere in the world. They generally have several built-in network interfaces (e.g. Ethernet, Wi-Fi, 4G). Theoretically, using these cards in parallel, we could speed up data transmission, and thus communication, by aggregating the channel capabilities of the interfaces. On the other hand, we could make data transmission more secure by applying redundancy to the system. Unfortunately, traditional IP-based communications do not allow the use of parallel interfaces in a given communication session, leaving the hardware capabilities of our communications devices virtually untapped. To address this issue, we have developed a multipath communication solution called MPT-GRE, which we have already tested in several laboratory environments. The measurement results were published in our previous articles. In this paper we are going to test it in a much more realistic environment, using the Dummynet WAN emulation software. The measurement results confirmed that the MPT-GRE multipath solution is able to aggregate the performance of physical connections efficiently in the emulated Fast Ethernet IPv4 WAN environment as well.
Certification of Unmanned Aircraft Systems – from product safety to type certificate – a review about the operation of the EU safeguard processes
Authors: Sándor Zsolt , Pusztai Máté
Published: October 2021

Significant changes are emerging in the market of unmanned aircraft systems since 2019 through the publication of two specific regulations that regulate all steps of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in detail. With the implementation of the new EU drone regulations, the role of the notified bodies and the certification agencies will be more important from the viewpoint of product safety and the official certification required by the EU and national aviation authorities. The product safety chain consists of two major parts. One part belongs to the production phase, where the manufacturer has to prove the functionality (it is called the conformity assessment) and another part belongs to the distribution market, where the authorities assess the fulfilment of the conditions of the distribution (it is called the market surveillance). The first pillar concern to the design and manufacturing and the second to the distribution. Each segment is presented in this article and the authors introduce the different control approaches of these segments. It has to be taken into consideration that the drones are representing a special market with notable safety risks that have to be handled during the whole lifepath of the products from the design through the distribution until the aerial operations.
SUMARYCZNY POZIOM HAŁASU W OBSZARZE KAMPUSU MORASKO − REJON WYDZIAŁU NAUK GEOGRAFICZNYCH I GEOLOGICZNYCH UAM W POZNANIU
Authors: KUBIAK JAROSŁAW
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to learn the total (coming from all emitters) of the spatial distribution of noise on a fragment of the area belonging to the Morasko Campus in Poznań. The research consisted of direct measurements of the equivalent sound level (LAeq) in the field in designated positions and mapping the phenomenon. The formal requirements regarding the method of measuring noise in the external environment as well as its visualization have been observed in the work. The effect of the observations carried out was the development of a noise immission plan for the selected area illustrating the noise from all sources occurring in this area. They compared it with the road noise map developed in 2017 at the request of the City of Poznan. The measurement data was referred to the noise limit values in force in areas with teaching functions. The research used data sources from Topographic Objects Database (BDOT10k) and graphic studies made available through the Spatial Information System in Poznań.
BADANIE MOŻLIWOŚCI WYKORZYSTANIA ZOBRAZOWAŃ DYNAMICZNYCH (WIDEO) Z NISKIEGO PUŁAPU LOTNICZEGO (BSP) DO OPRACOWAŃ FOTOGRAMETRYCZNYCH
Authors: MŁYNARCZYK ADAM , KRÓLEWICZ SŁAWOMIR , RUTKOWSKI PAWEŁ
Published: October 2021

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is becoming more and more popular for making high-altitude and orthophotomap models. In this process, series of images are taken at specific intervals, usually lasting several seconds. This article demonstrates the ability to make models and orthophotomaps from dynamic images – video recorded from UAV. The best mutual coverage of photographs was indicated (95–96%) and the photogrammetric process for joining images was presented, through the creation of a point cloud to obtain a digital terrain model and the orotfotomap. The data was processed in 150 different variants and the usefulness of this method was demonstrated. Problems and errors that may occur during the processing of recorded image data are also described.
Estado de conservação e qualidade da água em uma bacia hidrográfica periurbana na Amazônia Central
Authors: Costa Jamerson Souza da , Rodrigues Liange de Sousa , Silva Aline Gabriela Castro da , Reis Thatierlen da Costa , Melo Maria da Glória Gonçalves de , Liberato Maria Astrid Rocha
Published: October 2021

As bacias florestadas geralmente estão associadas à melhor qualidade da água, em comparação com usos antropogênicos. Contudo, a multiplicidade de variáveis e interações torna essa relação bastante complexa, sobretudo na Amazônia, onde os sistemas hídricos são interinfluenciáveis. Este trabalho objetivou classificar o uso e cobertura da terra e o estado de conservação da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tarumã-Açu, na Amazônia Central, bem como analisar sua correlação com os parâmetros físico-químicos (temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos totais dissolvidos e turbidez) de qualidade da água em pontos preservados e alterados. Os valores foram comparados com a Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 e com fatores ambientais (cota e pluviosidade). Os resultados mostraram uma bacia bastante fragmentada e em estado regular de degradação, apesar de sua cobertura predominantemente florestal. Constatou-se, ainda, em média, boa qualidade da água, compatível com os parâmetros normativos para a Classe 2, embora para as zonas de influência antrópica, a diminuição da cota e da capacidade de autodepuração reduz a qualidade. Não houve relação de linearidade entre os parâmetros avaliados e o estado de conservação da bacia, sugerindo a existência de mais fatores de ruptura dessa relação. Assim, é necessário e desafiador para os gestores conhecer, de forma holística, a dinâmica eco-hidrológica da bacia e integrá-la às políticas e planos.
Hogyan látja a felsőoktatás a múzeumokkal való kapcsolatot és továbbfejlesztési lehetőségeit?
Authors: Koltai Zsuzsa
Published: October 2021

A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum – Múzeumi Oktatási és Módszertani Központ (MOKK) felkérésére kutatócsoportunk 2020 decembere és 2021 januárja között strukturált interjúkat készített azokkal az egyetemi oktatókkal, akik részt vettek a „Múzeumi- és könyvtári fejlesztések mindenkinek” című kiemelt projekt (azonosítószám: 3.3.3-VEKOP-16-2016-00001) múzeumpedagógiai mintaprojektjeiben. A kutatás célja a múzeumpedagógiai mintaprojektek eredményességének vizsgálata, továbbá a múzeumok és egyetemek közötti együttműködés formáinak feltárása volt.
Jelen tanulmány a kutatás eredményei közül a projektekben partnerként együttműködő felsőoktatási intézmények és a múzeumok kapcsolatának sajátosságait ismerteti. A múzeumok és a múzeumpedagógiai mintaprojektekbe bevont felsőoktatási intézmények közötti együttműködés különböző formái mellett a kutatócsoport feltárta azt is, hogy a múzeumi tanulás jelenleg milyen szerepet tölt be a vizsgált egyetemi szervezeti egységek képzéseiben. A tanulmány a kutatási eredmények elemzése és az interjúalanyok javaslatai alapján meghatározza a múzeumok és a felsőoktatási intézmények közötti együttműködés fejlesztésének lehetséges irányait.
Az ELTE PPK múzeumpedagógiai szakirányú képzésének tapasztalatai a kihívások tükrében
Authors: Vincze Beatrix , Kempf Katalin
Published: October 2021

A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a múzeumpedagógia képzés jelen gyakorlatát az ELTE PPK múzeumpedagógiai szaktanácsadó képzés tapasztalatainak tükrében. A 21. századi kihívások napról napra alakítják a múzeumokkal és a múzeumpedagógiai képzéssel szembeni elvárásokat. A pandémia (2020–2021) eddigi története rávilágított arra, hogy a digitális/virtuális múzeum és az online múzeumi tartalmak új pedagógiai módszerek sorát várják el. Fontosabb kérdéseink voltak: 1. A megújuló képzési kínálat mennyire képes megfelelni a 21. századi kihívásoknak? 2. Milyen új problémákkal szembesítette a pandémia a digitalizáció útjára lépett múzeumi kultúrát? 3. Hogyan gondolkodnak a képzésben résztvevő múzeumpedagógusok a képzésről, feladatukról, a múzeumpedagógiáról? 4. Milyen stratégiai célok segítik a múzeumpedagógia jövőjét? A válaszokban támaszkodtunk a képzési program dokumentumaira, a hallgatói visszajelzésekre, a hazai és a nemzetközi szervezetek állásfoglalásaira (ICOM, UNESCO, MOKK). A múzeumok jövőjében meghatározó az online és offline kulturális közvetítés, a szórakozva tanulás, az iskola partneri szerepe – a tudatos múzeumlátogató közönség formálásában.
Narrow and Broad γ Bands Process Complementary Visual Information in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Meneghetti Nicolò , Cerri Chiara , Tantillo Elena , Vannini Eleonora , Caleo Matteo , Mazzoni Alberto
Published: October 2021

γ Band plays a key role in the encoding of visual features in the primary visual cortex (V1). In rodents V1 two ranges within the γ band are sensitive to contrast: a broad γ band (BB) increasing with contrast, and a narrow γ band (NB), peaking at ∼60 Hz, decreasing with contrast. The functional roles of the two bands and the neural circuits originating them are not completely clear yet. Here, we show, combining experimental and simulated data, that in mice V1 (1) BB carries information about high contrast and NB about low contrast; (2) BB modulation depends on excitatory-inhibitory interplay in the cortex, while NB modulation is because of entrainment to the thalamic drive. In awake mice presented with alternating gratings, NB power progressively decreased from low to intermediate levels of contrast where it reached a plateau. Conversely, BB power was constant across low levels of contrast, but it progressively increased from intermediate to high levels of contrast. Furthermore, BB response was stronger immediately after contrast reversal, while the opposite held for NB. These complementary modulations were reproduced by a recurrent excitatory-inhibitory leaky integrate-and-fire network provided that the thalamic inputs were composed of a sustained and a periodic component having complementary sensitivity ranges. These results show that in rodents the thalamic-driven NB plays a specific key role in encoding visual contrast. Moreover, we propose a simple and effective network model of response to visual stimuli in rodents that might help in investigating network dysfunctions of pathologic visual information processing.
KEMAMPUAN DAYA TAHAN ANAEROBIK DAN AEROBIK WANITA MENSTRUASI PONDOK PESANTREN DURROTU ASWAJA SEMARANG
Authors: Khasanah Alfi , Mukarromah Siti Baitul , Setiowati Anies
Published: October 2021

Sebagian wanita beranggapan bahwa olahraga saat wanita menstruasi dapat mengganggu karena berdampak negatif pada menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian :1) untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya tahan anaerobik dan aerobik santriwati saat menstruasi dan tidak menstruasi 2) untuk mengetahui perbedaan  kemampuan daya tahan anaerobik dan aerobik santriwati saat menstruasi dan tidak menstruasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik tes dan pengukuran. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan  purposive sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) untuk mengetahui daya tahan anaerobik dan Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) untuk mengetahui daya tahan aerobik. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 21. Hasil penelitian rerata indeks kelelahan kelompok (I) 1,02 Â± 0,67; rerata kelompok (II) 0,99 Â± 0,72; rerata volume oksigen maksimal kelompok (I) 22,06 Â± 0,66; rerata kelompok (II) 22,11 Â± 0,95. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna indeks kelelahan dan volume oksigen maksimal saat sampel menstruasi dan tidak menstruasi. Simpulan penelitian: 1) Kemampuan daya tahan anaerobik santriwati dalam kategori sedang dan kemampuan daya tahan aerobik dalam kategori rendah. 2) Tidak terdapat perbedaan  daya tahan anaerobik dan aerobik santriwati saat menstruasi dan tidak menstruasi. Kemampuan daya tahan aerobik lebih rendah daripada anaerobik. Jadi saat wanita menstruasi disarankan untuk melakukan olahraga misalnya jalan.
Algorithms predicting gestational stage from the maternal steroid metabolome of mares
Authors: Shorten Paul R , Legacki Erin L , Chavatte-Palmer Pascale , Conley Alan J
Published: October 2021

Hormone secretion by the maternal ovaries, trophoblast/placenta and fetus occurs sequentially, creating distinct steroid metabolomic ‘signatures’ in systemic blood of pregnant mares that vary with gestational stage. Algorithms were developed to predict the gestational day (GD) from the maternal steroid metabolome (nine steroids; pregnenolone (P5), progesterone (P4), 5α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, allopregnanolone, 20α-hydroxy-DHP, 3β,20α-dihydroxy-DHP, DHEA and androstenedione) determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of eight thoroughbred mares sampled longitudinally throughout pregnancy. A physiologically based model was developed to infer rates of steroid secretion during chorionic gonadotropin secretion, the luteo-placental shift and by the equine feto-placenta unit, demonstrating more variability in P5 and DHP than P4. The average of four empirical models, using nine steroids to predict GD, was calibrated (five mares, R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 20 days) and validated (three mares, R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 32 days). Validation performance was improved using paired samples taken 14 or 30 days apart (RMSE = 29 and 19 days, respectively). A second validation used an independent dataset (single serum samples from 56 mixed breed mares, RMSE = 79 days) and an additional longitudinal subset from the same population sampled monthly throughout gestation (seven mares, RMSE = 42 days). Again, using paired samples improved model performance (RMSE = 32.5 days). Despite less predictive performance of the mixed breed than the thoroughbred datasets, these models demonstrate the feasibility and potential for using maternal steroid metabolomic algorithms to estimate the stage of gestation in pregnant mares and perhaps monitor fetal development.