bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effects of Intensive Low-Salt Diet Education on Deterioration of Glomerular Filtration Rate among Non-Diabetic Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ahn Shin Young , Kim Dong Ki , Park Jung Hwan , Shin Sung Joon , Lee Sang Ho , Choi Bum Soon , Lim Chun Soo , Lee Anna , Jung Hyeyoung , Chin Ho Jun
Published: September 2019

Background: Diet modification, especially a decrease in salt intake, might be an important non-pharmacological strategy to improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) prognosis. Objectives: We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate whether an intensive low-salt diet education program effectively attenuated the rate of renal function decline in hypertensive patients with CKD. Methods: This cohort study recruited 171 participants from a previous open-labelled, case-controlled, randomized clinical trial that originally consisted of 245 hypertensive CKD patients who were assigned to two groups, intensive low-salt diet or conventional education. We evaluated the renal outcomes, which included the rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year, the increase in serum creatinine ≥50%, the decrease in eGFR ≥30%, and the percent change in albuminuria throughout the entire study period. Results: The baseline characteristics of the cohort participants between the two groups were similar at the time of trial phase randomization. During the whole study period, the rate of renal function decline was significantly faster in the conventional group (0.11 ± 4.63 vs. –1.53 ± 3.04 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, p = 0.01). The percent of incremental change in serum creatinine ≥50% was 1.1% in the intensive group and 8.2% in the conventional group (p = 0.025), and the percent of decremental change in eGFR ≥30% was 3.3% in the intensive group and 11.1% in the conventional group (p= 0.048). With logistic regression analysis adjusted for related factors, we found that the conventional group showed a higher risk for deterioration in serum creatinine and eGFR during the entire study period. Especially, we found that the intensive education program preserved eGFR in participants with one, several, or all of the following characteristics at the time of randomization: older age, female, obese, had higher protein intake, higher amounts of albuminuria, higher salt intake. Conclusion: This cohort study demonstrated that an intensive low-salt diet education program attenuated the rate of renal function decline in hypertensive CKD patients independent of its effect on lowering salt intake or albuminuria during the 36 months of follow-up.
Resistant Pseudomeningocele following Craniotomy for Non-Traumatic Acute Intracranial Haematoma in Very Young Children: Report of Four Cases
Authors: Khan Mehdi , Tisdall Martin , James Greg , Tahir Muhammad Zubair
Published: September 2019

Background: The incidence of non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage among neonates is less than among adults. However, the outcomes are generally poor, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage can cause a sudden increase in intracranial pressure, requiring emergency craniotomy for evacuation. Methods: We report 4 cases following craniotomy for non-traumatic acute intracranial haematoma in very young children. The surgical technique and postoperative course are discussed, with emphasis on dural repair to avoid resistant pseudomeningocele. Results: Despite successful management of the acutely raised intracranial pressure, all patients afterwards developed tense pseudomeningoceles and required formal dural repair. This led to a change in institutional practice and modifications to the surgical technique. Conclusion: The authors highlight the postoperative occurrence of resistant pseudomeningoceles in young children after clot evacuations and leaving the dura open. They describe the surgical procedures to avoid these pseudomeningoceles.
Pomalidomide-Responsive Extramedullary Myeloma Relapsed after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplant and Refractory to Multiple Lines of Chemotherapy
Authors: Leotta Salvatore , Pirosa Maria Cristina , Markovic Uros , Scalise Luca , Bulla Anna , Sapienza Giuseppe , Di Giorgio Mary Ann , Martino Enrica Antonia , Curto Pelle Angelo , Leotta Valerio , Milone Giulio , Cupri Alessandra , Vaddinelli Doriana , Villari Loredana , Conticello Concetta , Milone Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

Patients who experience extramedullary relapses (EMR) of multiple myeloma (MM) have an adverse prognosis, also in this era of novel agents like proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. We describe the case of an MM patient with EMR at 2 different sites after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. EMR was refractory to bortezomib, anthracycline, and bendamustine, but the patient achieved long-term complete remission (4 years) with pomalidomide and dexamethasone. This supports the hypothesis that this could be due to the graft-versus-myeloma effect during therapy enhanced by pomalidomide.
Ivabradine for the Treatment of Acute Mitral-Regurgitation-Related Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Wei-Chieh , Fang Hsiu-Yu
Published: September 2019

Ivabradine is used as a second-line medication for chronic heart failure (HF) but is still off-label for acute HF. We report the case of a 50-year-old man who experienced infectious endocarditis-related acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and acute decompensated HF and showed quick improvement of clinical symptoms after ivabradine use. An unstable hemodynamic status does not allow titration of a β-blocker dose, and a β-agonist might be needed to overcome a critical condition. Ivabradine appears to solve this issue and protect the myocardium owing to prolongation of the diastolic perfusion time. Ivabradine might be useful for the treatment of acute severe MR-related acute decompensated HF due to the improvement of diastolic function by decreasing the heart rate.
Impact of Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer after Radical Hysterectomy with Pelvic Node Dissection
Authors: Leetanaporn Kittinun , Hanprasertpong Jitti
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic role of obesity on oncological outcomes, surgical complications, and postoperative morbidity of patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Methods: Between 2000 and 2016, we enrolled 500 patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy with pelvic node dissection (RHND) at Songklanagarind Hospital. For analysis, patients were divided based on their body mass index (BMI) into under-normal weight (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) groups. Results: The median age was 47 years, and the median BMI was 24.3 kg/m2 (25% quartile, 22.0 kg/m2; 75% quartile, 27.4 kg/m2). Patients in the obese and overweight groups were more likely to have comorbidities and adenocarcinoma than patients in the under-normal weight group. The median operative time (OT) was significantly longer in the obese and overweight groups than in the under-normal weight group. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) of the under-normal weight, overweight, and obese groups was 87.5, 86.2, and 97.6%, respectively, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) times were 95.8, 97.8, and 100%, respectively. There were no significant differences in RFS or OS among the 3 weight groups. Multivariate analysis did not identify BMI as a prognostic factor for RFS and OS. Conclusions: A high BMI was not associated with increased surgical complications or postoperative morbidity; furthermore, it was not associated with the prognosis of patients with early-stage cervical cancer after RHND. However, it was associated with adenocarcinoma and longer OT.
Resenha da tese de Sinthia Cristina Batista: Cartografia geográfica em questão: do chão, do alto, das representações
Authors: Conceição Alexandrina Luz
Published: September 2019

Resenha da tese de Sinthia Cristina Batista: Cartografia geográfica em questão: do chão, do alto, das representações. [Tese de Doutorado] defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em 05 de maio de 2014, sob a orientação da profa. Dra. Dirce Maria Antunes Suertegaray.
Certificação participativa e agroecologia: processos de organização e resistência camponesa na Mata Paraibana
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Borba de
Published: September 2019

A temática deste artigo trata da resistência do campesinato paraibano à agricultura capitalista. Interpretamos uma organização camponesa cuja produção é de base agroecológica e a comercialização dos produtos realizada diretamente com o consumidor, como sendo uma forte estratégia de resistência que permite a (re) construção das bases da produção camponesa, e norteia o paradigma de desenvolvimento local capaz de gerar qualidade de vida e a preservação do meio ambiente. A experiência estudada é a Feira Agroecológica que acontece em João Pessoa - PB, no campus I da UFPB, e que comercializa produtos de 4 (quatro) assentamentos rurais localizados na Várzea do Rio Paraíba (nos municípios de Cruz do Espírito Santo, Sapé e Sobrado), e um assentamento rural localizado no Litoral Sul da Paraíba (município do Conde). Investigamos a hipótese do projeto ser fortalecido por uma certificação participativa da produção. O resultado da pesquisa comprova o fortalecimento do projeto da Feira através da certificação cuja metodologia foi construída num processo participativo de controle da produção que envolve produtores, consumidores, técnicos, poder público e sociedade civil.
Together and Alone? The Challenge of Talking about Racism on Campus
Authors: Tatum Beverly Daniel
Published: September 2019

Higher education institutions are among the few places where people of different racial, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds can engage with each other in more than just a superficial way, providing students a unique opportunity to develop the skills needed to function effectively in a diverse, increasingly global world. Whether students develop this capacity will depend in large part on whether the institution they attend has provided structures for those critical learning experiences to take place. But what form should such learning experiences take? This essay argues that positive cross-racial engagement may require both structured intergroup dialogue and intragroup dialogue opportunities to support the learning needs of both White students and students of color in the context of predominantly White institutions.
Appropriate Standards of Evidence for Education Policy Decision Making
Authors: Conaway Carrie , Goldhaber Dan
Published: September 2019

Education policy makers must make decisions under uncertainty. Thus, how they think about risks has important implications for resource allocation, interventions, innovation, and the information that is provided to the public. In this policy brief we illustrate how the standard of evidence for making decisions can be quite inconsistently applied, in part because of how research findings are reported and contextualized. We argue that inconsistencies in evaluating the probabilities of risks and rewards can lead to suboptimal decisions for students. We offer suggestions for how policy makers might think about the level of confidence they need to make different types of decisions and how researchers can provide more useful information so that research might appropriately affect decision making.
Devils in the Ink
Authors: Cowan Tommy P.
Published: September 2019

This paper explores some of the myriad connections between geometric visuals, magic, and altered states of consciousness, more specifically looking at the colocation of geometric visuals and experiences of intermediary beings. The main focus here is on how geometric visuals relate to the consciousness experiments and magical practices of American author William Burroughs (1914–1997) and his Swiss-English collaborator Brion Gysin (1916–1986). Such an analysis will also dive into the broader intellectual currents that influenced Burroughs and Gysin’s uses of geometry, yielding more abstract conceptions of how geometry relates to altered states of consciousness and intermediary beings. Furthermore, understanding how geometric manipulation of the mind works has important consequences for multiple fields outside of the history of esotericism, including market-oriented disciplines like architecture and industrial design. As such, this essay proposes that the historical study of esotericism can promote and conduct itself as an interdisciplinary space that communicates the value of its data to market-oriented fields through “material approaches” to religion à la Birgit Meyer.
The Appeal of Communism among the Lebanese Shiʿa, 1943-75
Authors: Al-Azzawi Jehan
Published: September 2019

This article revisits the Shiʿi community’s secular past through an analysis of the evolution of Shiʿi involvement in the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP). It argues that the Shiʿi community’s communist interlude was a formative moment in the political mobilization of the Shiʿa, which predated the rise of distinctly Shiʿi political identities, and imparted a lasting legacy on the political development of the Lebanese Shiʿa.
Ḥasan Naṣrallāh’s ʿĀshūrāʾ Speeches: The Thin Line between Ethics and Identity
Authors: Saade Bashir
Published: September 2019

The Lebanese political organization Hizbullah has developed its own style of commemorating ʿāshūrāʾ, the Shiʿi period of mourning in remembrance of the Battle of Karbalāʾ. Previous scholarship has analyzed Hizbullah’s ʿāshūrāʾ with prevailing conceptual binaries such as politics/religion, reason/tradition, or reason/emotion. This article challenges such binaries by looking at the series of speeches given by Hizbullah’s secretary general, Ḥasan Naṣrallāh, during the annual ʿāshūrāʾ rituals. Naṣrallāh’s oratory skills, and most importantly the careful structuring of the ten-day mourning event, show clearly that the production of reasoned arguments through speech involves the cultivation of intense emotions and states of consciousness. These are conducive not only to collective action and identity formation but also to ethical practices.
Iran and Hizbullah’s Development Organization in Lebanon: The Case of Jihād al-Bināʾ
Authors: Lob Eric
Published: September 2019

An investigation into the history and activities of the Lebanese reconstruction and development organization Jihād al-Bināʾ (JB) sheds light on three aspects of Hizbullah and its relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). First, the case of JB reveals that, rather than simply existing as a client of the IRI, Hizbullah sought autonomy from it. To this end, Hizbullah aspired to control JB’s projects, localize its personnel, and diversify its funding. Second, this case demonstrates how Hizbullah instrumentalized development to advance its strategic and ideational interests, which included mobilizing and socializing recruits, supporters, and voters, spreading political and religious values, and preserving a territorial and social base. Third, the case illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of Hizbullah’s politicized, faith-based, and distributive development model. While instilling cohesiveness and commitment in some personnel and beneficiaries, this model disregarded the priorities and preferences of others, and it lacked inclusivity and sustainability.
Is the Swedish Brown Bear Management in Compliance with EU Biodiversity Law?
Authors: Christiernsson Anna
Published: September 2019

As with many biodiversity laws, the Habitats Directive allows for exemptions. While it can be argued that flexibility is necessary for handling dynamic ecosystems, the associated lack of legal clarity on the room to derogate can risk impairing both the effectiveness and the uniform application of EU-law. This study aims at clarifying the conditions to derogate from the strict protection of species under Article 16(1)(e), a provision which has been interpreted to provide a legal basis for hunting species with a favourable conservation status in several Member States. One such controversial case is the hunting of brown bears in Sweden. The Swedish brown bear management will thus be used as an illustrative example to discuss Member States’ discretion to derogate under Article 16(1)(e).
Wolf Conservation and Removal of Wolves in Germany – Status quo and Prospects
Authors: Köck Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

In Germany, the wolf population develops in a very dynamic manner. As a result, politics and society increasingly worry about human safety and whether the return of the wolf can be kept compatible with pasture grazing. Plans by the federal states (Länder) for wolf management serve both to prepare society for the return of wolves and to deal with likely emerging conflicts. In exceptional cases, conflict management may include the ‘removal’ of wolves, i.e. the killing of individual ‘problem-wolves’. This paper analyses the legal prerequisites for the removal of wolves; it also addresses the conditions that must be met for wolf management to be placed under a new legal framework – beyond the exemption regime under species protection law. In this context, the ‘favourable conservation status’ of wolves plays a key role.
Anything Goes, but…
Authors: Darpö Jan
Published: September 2019

The “wolf issue” is hot all over Europe, not least in the Nordic countries. Due to pressure from farmers’ and hunters’ organisations, license hunts are performed on a large scale basis in Norway, Sweden and Finland. As the wolf is strictly protected under the Habitats Directive, hunts must have a legal basis in a derogation decision according to Article 16(1). Many of the hunting decisions issued by the authorities under this provision have been challenged in the national courts by the engo community, but so far with little success. However, in late 2017, the Finnish organisation Tapiola brought a case all the way to the Supreme Administrative Court, which requested a preliminary ruling by the cjeu on whether such a license hunt is in line with the Directive. The Advocate General’s opinion in this case (C-674/17) came in May. This article is a comment to that opinion.
Non-Governmental Organisations and Legitimacy: Authority, Power and Resources
Authors: Gnes Davide , Vermeulen Floris
Published: September 2019

In the analysis of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), legitimacy and legitimation are useful concepts because they bring to light the processes through which organisational entities justify their right to exist and their actions within a particular normative context. Theories of legitimacy underscore the moral basis of organisational power as grounded in the relationship between organisations and different kinds of audiences. In this article, we look at how those concepts and theories relate to the study of NGOs. Those theories not only help us understand how organisations establish themselves, strengthen their position and survive over time despite very limited material resources of their own, but also how organisations may build political power. In our review of the literature on organisational legitimacy, we focus on three main aspects of legitimacy: the conceptualisation of the term in organisational sociology, political sociology and political science; the constraining role of institutionalised normative contexts and competing audiences in the legitimation processes; the agentic role of organisations within both institutional and strategic contexts.
The correct authorship of the amphipod genus-group name Quasimodia (Senticaudata: Hyaloidea: Phliantidae)
Authors: NAKANO TAKAFUMI , LOWRY JAMES K.
Published: September 2019

The genus Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 belongs to the hyaloidean family Phliantidae, and contains four species inhabiting littoral and sublittoral habitats in Australia (J.L. Barnard 1972; Lowry & Stoddart 2003; Horton et al. 2018; Lowry & Myers 2019). This genus-group name was originally erected for three nominal species—Q. barnardi Sheard, 1936, Q. capricornis Sheard, 1936, and Q. womersleyi Sheard, 1936 (see Sheard 1936), but its type species was not fixed in the original publication. As such the name Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 is not available for nomenclatural purposes (Article 13.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [hereafter Code], International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999). Later, J.L. Barnard (1969) selected Q. womersleyi as the type species for this genus-group name, but his action does not validate Quasimodia Sheard, 1936, which remains unavailable, under Article 69 of the Code. J.L. Barnard (1972) again incorrectly considered Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 as an available name.
Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean
Authors: LEHNERT HELMUT , STONE ROBERT P.
Published: September 2019

Two new species of Geodiidae from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean are described and compared to congeners. Erylus imperator n. sp. differs from all other species of Erylus from the region in having large oxyasters, present in only one other species from which it differs in several other characters. Furthermore these oxyasters most often display the tendency to reduce the number of rays to a degree that they appear as triods, microxeas or even microtylostyles, depending on the number of retained rays. The second new species, Geodia arma n. sp. is a Geodia without triaenes, a group formerly described under the genus Geodinella. We compared G. arma n. sp. with all congeners lacking triaenes and determined that it is the only known species with a cortex of up to 6 mm in thickness and also the only species with oxeas up to 6 mm in length Which range from thin and sinuous to thick and straight. To our knowledge these are the first descriptions of sponge species from the Emperor Seamount region.
Redescription of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 with comments on the occurrence of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 in the Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae)
Authors: BRITZKE RICARDO , MENEZES NAÉRCIO A. , NIRCHIO MAURO
Published: September 2019

Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 was originally described by Gilbert based on specimens from Clarion Island, in the western and most remote of the Revillagigedo Islands, about 1,000 km off the western Pacific coast of Mexico. Examination of the type of material and recently collected specimens from Ecuador and Peru, resulted in the redescription provided herein. Diagnostic characters of the species were mainly: tip of the pelvic fin reaching beyond the vertical through the base of the third dorsal-fin spine, the pectoral-fin rays with ii+13–14 rays, the anterodorsal tip of second (soft) dorsal fin uniformly dark, and an external row of larger teeth, and more internally a patch of scattered smaller teeth, visible mainly in adults 150 mm SL. The expansion of geographic distribution of Mugil setosus and occurrence of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 in the Pacific Ocean are discussed.
Revision of the genus Lemula (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lepturinae)
Authors: OHBAYASHI NOBUO , CHOU WEN-I
Published: September 2019

The lepturine genus Lemula Bates, 1884 of the tribe Rhagiini is revised. A new subgenus, Pseudolemula is proposed for L. viridipennis Holzschuh, 1993. Nine new species and two new subspecies are described and illustrated: L. (s. str.) aequipilosa sp. nov., L. (s. str.) nitidiuscula sp. nov., L. (s. str.) zhani sp. nov. L. (s. str.) jinfoshana sp. nov., L. (s. str.) formosana formosana sp. nov., L. (s. str.) formosana aenea subsp. nov., L. (s. str.) simillima sp. nov., L. (s. str.) holzschuhi sp. nov., L. (s. str.) shaanxiensis sp. nov., L. (s. str.) lata zhejianga subsp. nov., L. (Pseudolemula) tichyi sp. nov.. Lemula inaequalicollis Pic, 1957, Lemula densepunctata Hayashi, 1974 and Lemula obscuripennis Shimomura, 1979 are synonymized with Lemula (s. str.) testaceipennis Gressitt, 1939. Lemula longipennis Shimomura, 1979 is synonymized with L. (s. str.) cyanipennis Hayashi, 1974. Habitus and the endophallus of male genitalia of all species (excluding Pseudolemula) are illustrated. A key to the species and subspecies is provided.
Heteragrion denisye sp. nov. (Odonata: Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae), a notable species from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: VILELA DIOGO SILVA , KOROIVA RICARDO , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER
Published: September 2019

Heteragrion denisye sp. nov. (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae) is described and diagnosed on specimens collected near a Vereda (i.e. palm swamp) area of the National Park of Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil (-20.2323, -46.6085, 1305 m, 25 x 2018, Vilela, Koroiva, Nobrega & Lera leg.). This species is unique within the genus and it is easily distinguished from congeners due to its blue coloration pattern and cerci morphology, which is robust and presents a reduced apical portion, longer on most Heteragrion species.
Two new Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: ANNUNZIATA BRUNO B. , CAVALCANTI THAYNÃ , SANTOS GEORGE GARCIA , PINHEIRO ULISSES
Published: September 2019

The genus Clathria Schmidt, 1862 is the richest genus of the family Microcionidae, but only 20 species have been recorded from Brazil until now. Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 is characterized by having digitate, whip-like, arborescent and flabellate growth forms, lacking echinating spicules, well differentiated axial and extra-axial skeleton, styles and/or subtylostyles as principal spicules, and microscleres palmate isochelae and toxas. The subgenus contains 19 valid species, with worldwide distribution predominantly in shallow waters. Six species occur in the Atlantic Ocean and two of them are recorded from the Western Atlantic in South America: Clathria (Axosuberites) riosae Van Soest, 2017, and Clathria (Axosuberites) marplatensis (Cuartas, 1992). Specimens analyzed in this study were collected in 2015 at Mamanguape estuary, Paraíba State, and in 2017 at Tutóia beach, Maranhão State. Here we described two new species of Clathria (Axosuberites) for the first time in Brazilian waters: Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp. and Clathria (Axosuberites) hillenburgi n. sp.
A New Species of Flea of the Genus Kohlsia Traub, 1950 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) from Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: ACOSTA ROXANA , SALCEDA-SÁNCHEZ BEATRIZ
Published: September 2019

A new flea species, Kohlsia misantlensis, is described from the central mountains of Veracruz, Mexico. The hosts of this new species are the Mexican deer mouse Peromyscus mexicanus (Saussure, 1860) (Mammalia: Rodentia:Muridae) and the Mexican spiny pocket mouse Heteromys sp. (Heteromyidae). This flea species is easily recognized by the great development of sternite VIII with a tuft of seven long bristles near the apex. The new species is included in a taxonomic key for the species of genus Kohlsia occurring in Mexico.
The Spatial Pattern of Midsummer Drought as a Possible Mechanistic Response to Lower-Tropospheric Easterlies over the Intra-Americas Seas
Authors: Zermeño-Díaz David Maximiliano
Published: September 2019

Following the idea that large-scale wind perturbations cause repeatable rainfall patterns over small tropical islands, the spatial pattern of the midsummer drought (MSD) is investigated as a repeatable rainfall pattern over the Intra-Americas Seas (IAS). For that, statistical techniques, including linear regressions, canonical correlation analysis, and variance budgets, were applied to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and ERA-Interim datasets to assess 1) the MSD pattern repeatability and 2) its explained variance in different time scales. As shown by the results, the MSD pattern is not a unique feature of the boreal summer intraseasonal variability in the IAS: it is more robust during summer but it exists in all rainy seasons on daily, intraseasonal, and interannual time scales. On diurnal time scales, the MSD pattern explains a negligible part of the total variance during summer (<2%), but on interannual scales it explains up to 20% and it captures the spatial features of “El Niño” rainfall anomalies. On all time scales, the MSD pattern is accompanied by repeatable wind and pressure patterns: anomalous lower-tropospheric (925 hPa) easterlies over a domain-wide meridional northward pressure gradient. These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that the MSD pattern manifests an underlying geographically determined, mechanistic pattern. Also, they suggest that the repeatable MSD-shaped rainfall and wind patterns could be extrapolated in time to better understand the climatic conditions behind droughts and pluvials, and to diagnose the causes behind rainfall trends.
Strong Internal Waves Generated by the Interaction of the Kuroshio and Tides over a Shallow Ridge
Authors: Masunaga Eiji , Uchiyama Yusuke , Yamazaki Hidekatsu
Published: September 2019

The Kuroshio and tides significantly influence the oceanic environment off the Japanese mainland and promote mass/heat transport. However, the interaction between the Kuroshio and tides/internal waves has not been examined in previous works. To investigate this phenomenon, the two-dimensional high-resolution nonhydrostatic oceanic Stanford Unstructured Nonhydrostatic Terrain-Following Adaptive Navier–Stokes Simulator (SUNTANS) model was employed. The results show that strong internal tides propagating upstream in the Kuroshio are generated at a near-critical internal Froude number (Fri = 0.91). The upstream internal wave energy flux reaches a magnitude of 12 kW m−1, which is approximately 3 times higher than that of internal waves without the Kuroshio. On the other hand, under supercritical conditions, the Kuroshio suppresses the internal wave energy flux. The interaction of internal tides and the Kuroshio also generates upstream propagating high-frequency internal waves and solitary wave packets. The high-frequency internal waves contribute to the increase in the total internal wave energy flux up to 40% at the near-critical Fri value. The results of this study suggest that the interaction of internal tides and the Kuroshio enhances the upstream propagating internal tides under the specified conditions (Fri ~ 1), which may lead to deep ocean mixing and transport at significant distances from the internal wave generation sites.
HarmonEPS—The HARMONIE Ensemble Prediction System
Authors: Frogner Inger-Lise , Andrae Ulf , Bojarova Jelena , Callado Alfons , Escribà Pau , Feddersen Henrik , Hally Alan , Kauhanen Janne , Randriamampianina Roger , Singleton Andrew , Smet Geert , van der Veen Sibbo , Vignes Ole
Published: September 2019

HarmonEPS is the limited-area, short-range, convection-permitting ensemble prediction system developed and maintained by the HIRLAM consortium as part of the shared ALADIN–HIRLAM system. HarmonEPS is the ensemble realization of HARMONIE–AROME, used for operational short-range forecasting in HIRLAM countries. HarmonEPS contains a range of perturbation methodologies to account for uncertainties in the initial conditions, forecast model, surface, and lateral boundary conditions. This paper describes the state of the system at the version labeled cycle 40 and highlights some directions for further development. The different perturbation methods available are evaluated and compared where appropriate. Several institutes have operational or preoperational implementations of HarmonEPS, such as MEPS (Finland, Norway, and Sweden), COMEPS (Denmark), IREPS (Ireland), KEPS (the Netherlands), AEMET-γSREPS (Spain), and RMI-EPS (Belgium), and these systems are briefly described and compared with the ensemble prediction system (IFS ENS) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).
Mapping Cultural Schemas: From Theory to Method
Authors: Hunzaker M.B. Fallin , Valentino Lauren
Published: September 2019

A growing body of research in sociology uses the concept of cultural schemas to explain how culture influences beliefs and actions. However, this work often relies on belief or attitude measures gleaned from survey data as indicators of schemas, failing to measure the cognitive associations that constitute schemas. In this article, we propose a concept-association-based approach for collecting data about individuals’ schematic associations, and a corresponding method for modeling concept network representations of shared cultural schemas. We use this method to examine differences between liberal and conservative schemas of poverty in the United States, uncovering patterns of associations expected based on previous research. Examining the structure of schematic associations provides novel insights to long-standing empirical questions regarding partisan attitudes toward poverty. Our method yields a clearer picture of what poverty means for liberals and conservatives, revealing how different concepts related to poverty indeed mean fundamentally different things for these two groups. Finally, we show that differences in schema structure are predictive of individuals’ policy preferences.
Failure to Grow Up, Failure to Pay? Parents’ Views of Conflict Over Money With Their Emerging Adults
Authors: Lowe Katie , Arnett Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2019

Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of emerging adulthood and intergenerational ambivalence, parental concerns about their child’s attainment of adulthood was investigated as the focal predictor of the likelihood of monetary conflict between American parents and emerging adults. A national sample of 791 parents (51% female; 73% White) of emerging adults (18-29 years old) completed surveys. Results showed that 43% of parents experienced monetary conflict with their emerging adult, and one in five were “very concerned” that their child would not attain adulthood. Additionally, the odds of monetary conflict were 3.11 times higher when parents endorsed greater concerns about attaining adulthood (e.g., might never become fully adult). This association was the strongest beyond key demographic, parental well-being, and parent–emerging adult relationship factors. Findings help illuminate the basis of monetary conflict in emerging adulthood and indicate parents’ fears of “failure to launch” may have very real consequences, suggesting implications for financial socialization.
Relationship Satisfaction Across the Transition to Parenthood: The Impact of Conflict Behavior
Authors: Huss Björn , Pollmann-Schult Matthias
Published: September 2019

The transition to parenthood is often accompanied by declines in relationship satisfaction. Using longitudinal data from six waves of the German family panel pairfam ( N = 1,739), the authors tested whether these declines are driven by increases in and more intense forms of conflict (differential exposure hypothesis) and by a greater sensitivity to relationship conflicts after the transition to parenthood (differential vulnerability hypothesis). The analyses showed strong support for the differential exposure hypothesis among women and partial support among men. Across the transition to motherhood, women experience increases in conflict that account for decreases in relationship satisfaction. The findings showed no support for the differential vulnerability hypothesis, as neither men’s nor women’s relationship satisfaction becomes more sensitive to relationship conflicts across the transition to parenthood.
Association of Weight With Sociometric Status in Classrooms of Taiwanese Adolescents
Authors: Lu Hsin-Hui , Chen Duan-Rung
Published: September 2019

This study examined the association between adolescents’ obesity and sociometric status among their peers across 1 year. The participants were 2,528 junior high school students from Taiwan (mean age = 13.31 years). The negative associations discovered between obesity and sociometric status were both concurrent and cumulative. Moreover, the adolescents who changed from nonobese to obese were more likely to have lower social acceptance and be isolated in their classrooms. These findings inform concerns regarding the sociometric status of adolescents who are (or are becoming) obese.
Global IR and Western Dominance: Moving Forward or Eurocentric Entrapment?
Authors: Fonseca Melody
Published: September 2019

Over the last decade, a call for decolonisation has challenged IR scholarship. The call has advocated for the need to decolonise the epistemology and ontology of the discipline, critically engaging with the legacies of imperialism, colonialism, racism, and patriarchy in global power relations. Parallel to the decolonial project, a call to globalise International Relations has been made by well-known scholars in recent years predominantly through the Global IR project. In this review essay of four books I briefly engage with the debates around Global IR and its critics drawing on a decolonial perspective. On the one hand, I discuss the potentialities and limitations of historiographical deconstruction as a methodological tool, raising issues with the current silencing of the ‘present’ due to the continued coloniality of knowledge. On the other hand, I delve into the wide range of possibilities that a serious and critical commitment to diversifying the discipline of IR might bring to academics in the so-called non-West/Global South. I analyse current critiques of Global IR considering them necessary though, in some cases, agents for the reification and silencing of the interests of the non-West/Global South. I argue that, whilst coloniality operates in multiple ways, decoloniality is also a project that surpasses the ideal total exteriority as imagined through the West/non-West dichotomy.

Relaciones Internacionales Globales y Dominación Occidental: ¿Avance o entrampamiento eurocéntrico?
Circadian Function in Multiple Cell Types Is Necessary for Proper Timing of the Preovulatory LH Surge
Authors: Bittman Eric L.
Published: September 2019

The timing of the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), which occurs on the evening of proestrus in female mice, is determined by the circadian system. The identity of cells that control the phase of the LH surge is unclear: evidence supports a role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), but it is not known whether vasopressinergic neurons are necessary or sufficient to account for circadian control of ovulation. Among other cell types, evidence also suggests important roles of circadian function of kisspeptin cells of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AvPV) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons of the preoptic area (POA), whose discharge is immediately responsible for the discharge of LH from the anterior pituitary. The present studies used an ovariectomized, estradiol-treated preparation to determine critical cell types whose clock function is critical to the timing of LH secretion. As expected, the LH surge occurred at or shortly after ZT12 in control mice. In further confirmation of circadian control, the surge was advanced by 2 h in tau mutant animals. The timing of the surge was altered to varying degrees by conditional deletion of Bmal1 in AVPCre, KissCreBAC, and GnRHCreBAC mice. Excision of the mutant Cnsk1e (tau) allele in AVP neurons resulted in a reversion of the surge to the ZT12. Conditional deletion of Bmal1 in Kiss1 or GnRH neurons had no noticeable effect on locomotor rhythms, but targeting of AVP neurons produced variable effects on circadian period that did not always correspond to changes in the phase of LH secretion. The results indicate that circadian function in multiple cell types is necessary for proper timing of the LH surge.
Obstetrical Nurses’ Perspectives of Pregnant Women Who Use Illicit Substances and Their Provision of Care: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Menard-Kocik Jenna , Caine Vera
Published: September 2019

Background

The growing number of pregnant women using illicit substances presents a serious public health concern.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore obstetrical nurses’ perspectives toward caring for pregnant women who use illicit substances in a large inner-city hospital in Western Canada.

Methods

Guided by an interpretivist and social constructivist epistemological approach, I engaged in a thematic content analysis of qualitative semistructured interviews. In total 18 registered nurses from multiple obstetrical units were recruited.

Results

Four major themes were identified: (i) services and care were recognized through elements of caring, creating a welcoming environment, and providing client-centered care; (ii) stigma and discrimination impacted nurses preconceptions of care; (iii) coping mechanisms were necessary when struggling professionally; and (iv) recommendations of continuing specialized education were identified.

Conclusion

Obstetrical nurses highlighted a number of conflicting views about caring for pregnant women who use illicit substances. Key actions, such as establishing professional support when nurses experience ethical distress or when they are unable to provide meaningful care to patients, were suggested. Strong recommendations for ongoing professional development, as well as increased educational opportunities during prelicensure programs were made in order to support nurses in their role.
A Bruise Without a Name: Investigating College Student Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence Terminology
Authors: Nordin Karin
Published: September 2019

When it comes to intimate partner violence, words matter. The abuse terminology used in efforts to target collegiate victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) can impact the effectiveness of prevention messages. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to identify the relationship between abuse labels (such as domestic violence, dating violence, and IPV), and bystander intervention recommendations. Second, this study aims to understand how situational factors (perpetrator gender, couple marital status, provocation) impact the perceived appropriateness of those terms. Perceptions of severity, victim/perpetrator blame, and bystander intervention recommendations were also measured. In all, 498 college students from a large southern public university participated in a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment where they read a vignette depicting IPV. Participants were then asked a serious of questions about the appropriateness of the abuse terminology, what actions they would recommend for a bystander, the severity of the incident, and the degree to which they blamed victim and perpetrator. Results indicated the bystander intervention actions that are perceived as appropriate are related to what the most appropriate label is for the situation. Contextual factors surrounding the IPV situation, such as perpetrator gender, couple marital status, and provocation, influenced bystander recommendations and what labels were considered appropriate. The results of the study indicate the need to expand collegiate definition of what “counts” as IPV and point to ways in which IPV context can be a barrier to bystander intervention. Implications of the study argue that efforts to increase bystander intervention must include training on how to identify IPV situations with a broad variety of contexts. Limitations of the study and implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Comparison between different methods for experimental analysis of surface integrity in die-sinking electro-discharge machining processes
Authors: Mascaraque-Ramírez Carlos , Franco Patricio
Published: September 2019

Advanced manufacturing techniques such as die-sinking electro-discharge machining have been introduced in different industries such as the naval, automotive and product manufacturing. The surface finish of the parts subjected to these processes is influenced by diverse factors related to geometrical parameters, electric circuit, lubrication system and materials. For that reason, this work is focused on the analysis of the surface morphology of machined part that can be achieved by electro-discharge machining, as a function of some of the main process parameters such as the current intensity and penetration depth. In this work, three different methods for experimental analysis of surface quality, based on the measuring of surface roughness, material profile ratio and crater diameter, were applied and compared. The experimental phase included tests with copper tools on AISI 316 stainless steel workpieces. The surface roughness and accumulated material profile were recorded using measurements made with a profilometer, and for the purpose of measuring the diameter of the craters, scanning electron microscopy technology was used. According to the results, crater diameter can be adopted as a better indicator to characterize the surface quality in electro-discharge machining, because it exhibits a clearer tendency as a function of current intensity and penetration depth.
Experimental investigations into mechanical and thermal properties of rapid manufactured copper parts
Authors: Singh Gurminder , Pandey Pulak M
Published: September 2019

In the present paper, mechanical and thermal properties of rapidly manufactured copper parts were studied. The combination of three-dimensional printing and ultrasonic assisted pressureless sintering was used to fabricate copper parts. First, the ultimate tensile strength and thermal conductivity were compared between ultrasonic assisted and conventional pressureless sintered samples. The homogenously mixing of particles and local heat generation by ultrasonic vibrations promoted the sintering driving process and resulted in better mechanical and thermal properties. Furthermore, response surface methodology was adopted for the comprehensive study of the ultrasonic sintering parameters (sintering temperature, heating rate, and soaking time with ultrasonic vibrations) on ultimate tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the fabricated sample. Analysis of variance was performed to identify the significant factors and interactions. The image processing method was used to identify the surface porosity at different parameter levels to analyse the experimental results. High ultimate tensile strength was obtained at high sintering temperature, long soaking time, and slow heating rate with low surface porosity. After 60 min of soaking time, no significant effect was observed on the thermal conductivity of the fabricated sample. The significant interactions revealed less effect of soaking time at low sintering temperatures for ultimate tensile strength and less effect of heating rate at low sintering temperatures for thermal conductivity. Multi-objective optimization was carried out to identify parameters for maximum ultimate tensile strength and maximum thermal conductivity.
Security in transition(s): The low-level security politics of electric vehicle range anxiety
Authors: Kester Johannes
Published: September 2019

By drawing on critical security studies in the context of a sociotechnical transition, this article calls for more attention to the presence and sometimes alternative use of mostly unobserved security practices in the materialization of everyday consumer goods and services. This call is illustrated through a discussion of the phenomenon of range anxiety and the intra-action between drivers of electric vehicles (EVs), designers, and algorithms that observe, estimate and nudge the remaining range of an EV. Inspired by Foucault and Barad, the range-anxiety discussion offers four alternative security insights. First, it supports an argument to include stress as an embodied instance of insecurity. Second, it draws attention to a security apparatus that is based on a constantly expanding assemblage around range estimates. Third, it shows how this apparatus rests on a novel algorithm that has a continuous instead of a binary output and is governed by a distributed sovereignty: where the driver simultaneously is the object of measurement, subject of governance for more efficient driving and the ultimate sovereign who decides on the trip. Lastly, the discussion highlights how range estimates not only mediate the materialization of EVs and their automobility but also (re)perform epistemological or ontological forms of uncertainty.