bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are nanotechnology and robotics alternatives for therapeutic and theragnostic ophthalmic applications technologies for eye care services
Authors: Ospina Patricia Durán
Published: October 2013

Objective: To identify new technological advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology and robotics and their application in diagnosis and therapeutics for visual health. 
Methodology: The systematic review was made in Journal of Engineering, Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, NIH Public Access, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Intechweb open access journal and books, among others for a total review of 43 articles and 6 books. The databases used were: NLM Catalogue, (NCBI), Scirus, CiteSeer and open access (Intechopen, Hindawi) with the advances in nanotechnology, artificial vision and robotics applied to visual health.
Results: Retina implants, ocular memristors, ocular electrodes and chips, digital cameras and smart phone applications for low vision patients are some of the new alternatives in technology for the diagnosis based on biotechnology and nanotechnology and on the several years of job of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary researchers of different fields to make innovation useful for visual impairment, ocular microbiology and molecular immunodiagnostics. The FDA recently approved the retina implants and this opened a new field to allow converting light signals into electrical signals. On the other hand, in the field of pharmacology, ocular nano-carrier molecules for sustained release of drugs and other devices to vitrectomies are some of the significant health advance studies for the future in visual health. Additionally, in the field of contact lenses and artificial corneas: biopolymers for biosensors have been developed for early detection of keratoconus and systemic diseases. 
Conclusions: Nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics and bio-molecular biology are emerging and convergent sciences that when applied to visual sciences will be helpful for the patients, and are an increase in papers on innovation of this field, involving a multidisciplinary team requiring new divulgation in the role and performance of the visual health professionals of the future. To know and divulgate these new technologies is important for continued joint efforts around global education, and to create a database with new keywords, in order to know who and where these innovations are improving around the world, to planning researcher mobility and to include these new valuable technologies in the curriculum of visual health and get the patient safe.
Adverse Drug Reactions in Ophthalmology - are they a Myth?
Authors: Miguel Ana
Published: October 2013

Sometimes ocular (and systemic) therapeutics may cause ocular (and systemic) diseases, namely adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The Journal of Ocular Diseases and Therapeutics is therefore doubly adequate for discussion of the theme of ADRs in Ophthalmology.
Many terms are utilized as synonyms but the correct definition of ADR (according to the World Health Organization, WHO) is: "any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy".
Ophthalmology is one of the medical specialties in which there is a high difficulty in continuous diagnosis, assessment and treatment. Additionally, the specific and delicate anatomy and physiology of the eye may easily be disrupted by an ADR, with possible irreversible consequences. Ocular ADRs may be frequent (such as cornea verticillata caused by amiodarone) or specific. On the other hand, systemic ADRs may occur after ocular treatments (such as hypotension after instillation of a beta-blocker drop).
The timely detection and recognition of ADRs is therefore critical. Several methods exist for the detection of ADRs, but few are specific or apply to ADRs in Ophthalmology. Spontaneous reporting is a low-resource method for detection of ADRs but has flaws, namely under-detection and risk of bias. The literature can be confusing or incomplete, with several case reports and case series about ocular ADRs lacking a causality assessment (such as Naranjo's or WHO's).
In conclusion, ADRs in Ophthalmology are a heterogeneous group of ADRs that lack detection, assessment and systematization. Studies about ADRs should increase their quality for further clarification. Each ophthalmologist should know the specific ocular ADRs to systemic medication, the specific systemic ADRs to ocular medication, and to detect and treat them adequately for good clinical practice.
Emerging Therapies in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Sancho A. , González E. , Camarero J.
Published: October 2013

Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second cause of cancer death in men. During the past decade, metastatic prostate cancer patients were usually treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and once they progressed to a castration-refractory disease status docetaxel-based chemotherapy was the main option. Recently, the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has been shaken with the appearance of new attractive pharmacological therapies. New treatments have shown benefits in the progression free survival and the life expectancy with an acceptable and, in general terms, a rather manageable safety profile. This review is aimed to describe how new emerging therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have obtained the marketing authorisations in Europe and to discuss on the imminent challenges to be faced due to the changes in the treatment paradigm/strategy for prostate cancer.
New Molecular Approaches in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Baldini Enke , Tuccilli Chiara , Prinzi Natalie , Sorrenti Salvatore , Bianchini Marta , Del Sordo Marianna , Alessandrini Stefania , Mocini Renzo , Ulisse Salvatore
Published: October 2013

Thyroid nodules are very common in the adult population, but only a minority of them harbor a malignant lesion. Therefore, the first aim in their clinical evaluation is to exclude malignancy. To date, the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) represents the main diagnostic tool for the evaluation of thyroid nodules and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) suspected of metastatic disease. It has to be mentioned, however, that FNAC on thyroid nodules suffers from a major diagnostic limit represented by cellular atypias of indeterminate significance, which require the histological diagnosis. Also the FNAC performed on CLN may be a challenging diagnostic category as CLN could harbor metastases from a multiplicity of extrathyroidal malignancies or be affected by several non-tumoral diseases. In addition, inadequate cellularity obtained from both thyroid nodules or CLN prevents diagnosis in about 20% of specimens.
Total thyroidectomy followed by adjuvant therapy with 131I is the treatment of choice for most patients affected by DTC. Although the prognosis of DTC patients is favorable, about 20% of them face the morbidity of disease recurrence and tumor-related deaths. Thus far, the prognosis of these patients still relies on clinic-pathological variables such as patient’s age, tumor size, histology, lymph node or distant metastasis, which are not accurate in predicting the long-term outcome. As a consequence, the identification of new molecular biomarkers strictly related to the risk of DTC relapse is highly needed.
In the present review we’ll attempt to summarize the recent characterization of new molecular markers able to ameliorate the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer patients.
Modern Brachytherapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Skowronek Janusz
Published: October 2013

There are several therapeutic modalities that can be performed in order to treat prostate cancer, such as: external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), prostatectomy, cryotherapy or interstitial brachytherapy (BT). Brachytherapy of prostate cancer is one of the oldest methods and means implantation of radioactive sources directly into the prostate. Brachytherapy is a curative alternative of radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation (i.e. 3D conformal external beam radiation therapy (CRT), Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)) with comparable long-term survival and biochemical control and most favorable toxicity. Low-dose rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) is one of the radiation methods that is known for several years in treatment of localized prostate cancer. The main idea of this method is to implant small radioactive seeds as a source of radiation, directly into the prostate gland. Modern high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) of prostate cancer enables the delivery of a very high single or multiple dose of radiation to the target volume (e.g. prostate capsule) and, at the same time, preventing the organs at risk from unnecessary radiation (e.g. urethra and rectal wall). Although initially LDR-BT was favored for low risk prostate cancers, and HDR-BT for intermediate and advanced disease, both types of brachytherapy now have a place across all the risk groups of localized prostate cancer. This article will review indications and patient selection, planning and technical aspects, toxicity and efficacy for both techniques. Possible similarities and differences between both brachytherapy modalities are discussed.
Reviews Books
Authors: Frank Alison , Lerner Ivan , Presence Steve , Rush Zachariah , Weismann Brad
Published: October 2013

Directory of World Cinema: France, Tim Palmer and Charlie Michael (eds), (2013)Bristol, UK: Intellect, 325 pp., ISBN 9781841505633 (pbk), £15.95

War, Politics and Superheroes: Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film, Marc Di Paolo, (2011)Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 336 pp., ISBN 9780786447183 (pbk), $45.00

The Cinema of Michael Winterbottom, Deborah Allison, (2012) Plymouth: Lexington, 224 pp., ISBN 9780739125847 (pbk), £19.95

A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 2: The Industrializing Years 1941–1978, Hamid Naficy, (2011) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 525 pp., ISBN 9780822347743 (pbk), $27.95/£18.99This second volume

The Actor Within: Intimate Conversations with Great Actors, Rose Eichenbaum, (2011)Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 245 pp., ISBN 9780819569523 (hbk), $30.00; ISBN 9780819571656 (ebook), $10.09
Reference change values to assess changes in concentrations of biomarkers of exposure in individuals participating in a cigarette-switching study
Authors: Camacho Oscar M. , Shepperd Christopher J. , Eldridge Alison , Meyer Ingo , Proctor Christopher J.
Published: October 2013

Background: In a previous clinical study, levels of biomarkers of exposure (BoEs) for specific toxicants were significantly reduced in smokers who switched from conventional cigarettes to reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarettes. Very little is known about the biological variability of tobacco smoke BoEs within individuals and sub-groups, and the descriptive group-comparison statistics might not be sufficient to understand such changes. Therefore, we assessed how different statistical methods could be used to interpret changes in urine BoE levels at the individual level.

Methods: We used non-parametric statistical reference limits, the empirical rule and reference change values (RCVs) to assess changes in levels of BoEs related to four toxicants in cigarettes smoke. Current smokers [of 6 mg and 1 mg International Organization for Standardization (ISO) tar yields] were allocated to switching to RTP groups or non-switching control groups within their respective tar bands. There were two 6 mg tar study groups, with a non-switching group (CC6, n=46) and a group switching to an RTP containing tobacco-substitute sheet and modified filter (TSS6, n=49); and three 1 mg tar smoker groups, with one non-switching (CC1, n=42), a group switching to an RTP containing tobacco-substitute sheet and modified filter (TSS1, n=44) and one switching to an RTP containing an enzyme-treated tobacco and modified filter (BT1, n=47).

Results: Assessment of the direction of change showed that up to the 100% of subjects experienced a decrease in levels of some BoEs. Between 49% and 64% of subjects in the switching groups were classified as having decreased levels of 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA) by the non-parametric criterion, whereas only 2%–6% had reduced levels of N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT). Of non-switchers, in 7%–14% of those smoking 1 mg ISO tar yield cigarettes increases were classified across all BoEs. RCVs highlighted patterns with more detail, showing that most changes occurred within 14 days of switching. Among smokers who switched to 6 mg RTPs, 40%, 44%, 6% and 15%, respectively, were classified as experiencing significant decreasing levels of HPMA, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and NAT, whereas in the two 1 mg switching groups 46%, 22%, 11% and 52% and 43%, 27%, 2% and 16% had decreased levels of the same biomarkers. Up to five subjects in the 6 mg non-switching group were classified as having increased levels of all BoEs.

Conclusions: Although we believe that is not possible to determine whether the observed changes in BoEs reflect biological relevance, the use of reference values enables assessment of changes in BoEs at the individual level. Estimates of the BoE variability between subjects might aid study design and setting minimum targets for smoke toxicant yields for future development of RTPs.
Evaluation of partial area under the concentration time curve to estimate midazolam apparent oral clearance for cytochrome P450 3A phenotyping
Authors: Tai Wei , Gong Sheryl L. , Tsunoda Shirley M. , Greenberg Howard E. , Gorski J. Christopher , Penzak Scott R. , Stoch S. Aubrey , Ma Joseph D.
Published: October 2013

Background: Midazolam apparent oral clearance (CLORAL) is used to estimate intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity. A limited sampling approach was performed to access a midazolam partial area under the concentration time curve (AUC) to estimate CLORAL.

Methods: Midazolam plasma concentrations from healthy adults were obtained during CYP3A baseline (n=116), inhibition (n=75), and induction or activation (n=66) from seven published studies. Observed CLORAL and partial AUCs of AUC0-2, AUC0-4, AUC0-6, AUC1-2, AUC1-4, AUC2-4, and AUC2-6 were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Subject data were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. Linear regression equations, derived from partial AUCs, were developed from training set data. Predicted CLORAL was determined from these equations from validation set data. Preset criterion was a coefficient of determination (r
2) greater than or equal to 0.9. Bias and precision were evaluated by relative percent mean prediction error (%MPE) and relative percent mean absolute error (%MAE).

Results: During CYP3A baseline conditions, all of the evaluated CLORAL equations had unacceptable r
2 (range: 0.34–0.86). During CYP3A inhibition, all of the evaluated CLORAL equations had unacceptable %MAE. Acceptable r
2, %MPE, and %MAE were observed during CYP3A induction/activation with AUC0-4 (r
2=0.99, %MPE=3.9, %MAE=12.5) and AUC1-4 (r
2=0.99, %MPE=6%, %MAE=11.1%). The same equations also predicted the extent of CYP3A induction as a lack of equivalence was observed with AUC0-4 and AUC1-4.

Conclusions: Midazolam partial AUCs were unable to estimate CYP3A activity during the evaluated baseline and inhibitory conditions. Midazolam CLORAL utilizing a partial AUC0-4 and AUC1-4 was able to estimate CYP3A induction with rifampin and Ginkgo biloba extract.
Body image satisfaction and self-esteem in Thai female adolescents: the moderating role of self-compassion
Authors: Pisitsungkagarn Kullaya , Taephant Nattasuda , Attasaranya Ploychompoo
Published: October 2013

Aim: Body image satisfaction significantly influences self-esteem in female adolescents. Increased reports of lowered satisfaction in this population have raised concerns regarding their compromised self-esteem. This research study, therefore, sought to identify a culturally significant moderator of the association between body image satisfaction and self-esteem in Thai female adolescents. Orientation toward self-compassion, found to be particularly high in Thailand, was examined.

Materials and methods: A total of 302 Thai female undergraduates from three large public and private universities in the Bangkok metropolitan area responded to a set of questionnaires, which measured demographic information, body image satisfaction, self-compassion, and self-esteem. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Self-compassion was tested as a moderator of the relationship between body image satisfaction and self-esteem.

Results: Although its effect was relatively small, self-compassion significantly moderated the positive relationship between body image satisfaction and self-esteem. The relationship became less stringent for those with high self-compassion.

Discussion: The cultivation of self-compassion was recommended in female adolescents. In addition to moderating the association between body image satisfaction and self-esteem, the benefits to health and well-being of generalizing this cultivation are discussed.
Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method – females try but males commit suicide!
Authors: Jørs Erik , Christoffersen Mette , Veirum Nikoline Høgsgaard , Aquilar Guido Condarco , Morant Rafael Cervantes , Konradsen Flemming
Published: October 2013

Background: Suicide attempts and suicides constitute a significant burden on communities and health systems, especially in low income countries. However, many low income countries lack epidemiological information on which to base future preventive strategies. This study reports on gender and age profiles as well as the likely background and means used for suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia.

Method: This study presents 1124 cases from four different sources of information: (i) emergency ward data with suicide attempts by poisoning from the year 2007, (ii) psychiatric ward data including suicide attempts from July 2011 to July 2012, (iii) newspaper articles reporting attempted suicides and suicides from 2009 to 2011, and (iv) the National Statistics on Crime reporting suicides from the years 2010–2011. Data on age was stratified into three age groups: adolescents aged 10–19 years, young adults aged 20–29 years, and older adults aged above 29 years. Data from the hospital wards and Crime Statistics were pooled to compare characteristics of suicide attempts with suicides concerning age and gender. Data on age, gender, methods used, and reasons were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.

Results: Hospital data showed that more females (403/657, 61%) than males (254/657, 39%) attempted suicide, and females attempted suicide at a younger age than males (p<0.05). In contrast to this, more males (208/293, 70.5%) than females (85/293, 29.5%) committed suicide, and furthermore it was most prevalent among young adults aged 20–29 years of both genders, as observed from the Crime Statistics. The dominant method was pesticide poisoning varying from 400 out of 657 (70.5%) of the hospital poisoning cases to 65 out of 172 (37.8%) of the newspaper cases. Newspaper data showed a higher mortality rate (65/77, 85.1%) among those using violent methods such as hanging and jumping compared to non-violent methods (43/84, 50.9%) such as ingesting chemicals and drugs (p<0.05). The reasons were related to interpersonal problems, economic problems, depression, and unwanted pregnancies. Many cases of suicide seemed to be hidden due to cultural and religious reasons.

Conclusion: More females attempted suicide, whereas more males realized suicide. Suicide attempts were most numerous among adolescents in contrast to suicides being most prevalent in the older age groups. Self-poisoning with pesticides was the most popular method used. Access to potential suicide materials should be restricted and psychosocial interventions initiated to prevent suicides.
Influence of Drying on the Properties of Pears of the Rocha Variety (Pyrus communis
Authors: Santos Sandra C. R. V. L. , Guiné Raquel P. F. , Barros Ana I. A.
Published: October 2013

Rocha pear (Pyrus communis L.) is the main cultivar produced in Portugal, usually consumed in fresh. However, the drying of the pear can be an opportunity for development and enables the provision of alternative products to consumers. This work evaluates the effect of drying on some chemical and physical properties of pears of the Rocha variety. Furthermore, the origin of the pears was also a variable studied. For the completion of this work, pears from five different locations were analysed in fresh and after convective air drying at two different temperatures, 40 and 60°C. The properties analysed were dimensions of pears in terms of height and diameter, total solids content, acidity, maturation index, processing yields, colour and textural attributes.The results showed that the peel had lower acidity and higher maturation index, when compared to the pulp and that drying greatly reduced acidity, either in the pulp or in the peel. However, this variation was not influenced by the drying temperature. With respect to colour, total colour differences between 25 and 50 were observed (for the dried pears in relation to the fresh) and in this case increasing the drying temperature caused evident variations in the peel but not in the pulp. As to the textural attributes, hardness and chewiness were the ones that showed the higher changes with drying, increasing considerably with drying temperature.
Measuring cardiopulmonary parameters during dual-task while walking
Authors: Kodesh Einat , Kizony Rachel
Published: October 2013

Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the metabolic cost of dual-task performance of a cognitive task while walking under two conditions: comfortable and fast gait speed.

Methods: Twenty-five healthy young adults (25.7±3.05 years) walked over-ground at a comfortable self-selected speed and on a treadmill at a fast speed with and without performing a cognitive task. Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured by the metabolic K4b2 system, gait parameters were measured with GaitRite and cognitive performance was expressed as percentage of correct answers to a set of riddles.

Results and conclusions: During rest, cognitive load resulted in a metabolic cost indicated by a significant increase in VO2 (p<0.01). Breathing rate increased significantly during dual-tasking in both walking conditions (p<0.01 for both). Fifty-two percent of the participants decreased gait speed during the dual-task condition while walking over-ground, accompanied by a significant decrease in tidal volume (p<0.01) without a decrease in breathing and heart rates. More than 70% of the participants improved or maintained their cognitive performance while walking (over-ground, 72% and treadmill, 75%), independently from the alterations in gait speed. The current findings confirm that mental processing increases energy demands while sitting. In addition, the results contribute new insight into dual-task paradigm research, by showing that breathing rate is sensitive to an additional cognitive load while walking, even in young healthy adults. Moreover, the participants were able to adjust the strategy they used to cope with cognitive load while walking over-ground when gait speed was imposed.
Coordination of non-stabilized germylenes, stannylenes, and plumbylenes to transition metals
Authors: Baumgartner Judith , Marschner Christoph
Published: October 2013

Complexes of transition metals with heavy analogs of carbenes (tetrylenes) as ligands have been studied now for some 40 years. The current review attempts to provide an overview about complexes with non-stabilized (having no π-donating substituents) germylenes, stannylenes, and plumbylenes. Complexes are known for groups 4–11. For groups 6–10 not only examples of monodentate tetrylene ligands, but also of bridging ones are known. While this review covers almost 200 complexes, the field in general has been approached only very selectively and real attempts for systematic studies are very scarce. Although some isolated reports exist which deal with the reactivity of the tetrylene complexes most of the so far published work concentrates on synthesis and characterization.
A interdisciplinaridade na violência sexual
Authors: Azambuja Maria Regina Fay de
Published: October 2013

O artigo aborda a inquirição da vítima de violência sexual como afronta aos direitos humanos da criança, na medida em que busca a obtenção da prova em detrimento da proteção da vítima. Aponta a ação interdisciplinar como indispensável ao trabalho envolvendo violência sexual praticada contra a criança, dando ênfase à perícia realizada por profissionais de diversas áreas (Serviço Social, Psicologia, Pedagogia, Pediatra) como instrumento capaz de produzir a prova e de garantir a dignidade e o respeito à vítima.
Ensino, formação profissional e a questão da mão de obra
Authors: Schwartzman Simon , Castro Claudio de Moura
Published: October 2013

Existem evidências de que há falta de mão de obra qualificada em vários setores da economia brasileira, sobretudo em atividades de qualificação técnica intermediária, gerando uma demanda por educação profissional que está sendo atendida, em parte, pelo setor privado, e mais recentemente por iniciativas do setor público. No entanto, o maior problema é a possibilidade de que a economia brasileira esteja se acomodando a um padrão de baixa qualificação de mão de obra e baixa produtividade que não tem como se resolver pela simples pressão das demandas do mercado de trabalho sobre o sistema educativo. Isso só pode ser atingido por políticas educacionais que lidem de forma decisiva com os problemas da qualidade da educação, que começam no nível pré-escolar e vão até o nível do ensino superior e da pós-graduação. Além dos problemas mais gerais da educação brasileira, o Brasil é possivelmente o único país no mundo que não permite escolhas na formação de nível médio e requer, dos que buscam uma formação profissional, um currículo escolar mais extenso do que o dos que seguem o curso tradicional. O Exame Nacional de Ensino Médio, ENEM, como exame único, reforça esta rigidez do Ensino Médio brasileiro. Este artigo apresenta os dados principais sobre a situação educativa da juventude brasileira e uma análise do quadro atual do Ensino Médio e técnico-profissional, e conclui com recomendações sobre como reformar o Ensino Médio e desenvolver um sistema adequado de formação técnico-profissional.
Síndrome de Down versus alteração de linguagem: interação comunicativa entre pais e filhos
Authors: Mayer Maria Grazia Guillen , Almeida Maria Amelia , Lopes-Herrera Simone Aparecida
Published: October 2013

É preciso interagir com outros seres humanos como meio de sobrevivência, proteção e estimulação, sendo que a comunicação nasce desta necessidade. A comunicação pode ser realizada por meio de códigos linguísticos e não-linguísticos e envolvem, no mínimo, duas pessoas (interlocutores), que trocam entre si uma mensagem qualquer. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a interação de mães de crianças com síndrome de Down e seus filhos e mães de crianças com alteração de linguagem e seus filhos. Foram participantes da pesquisa cinco díades de crianças com síndrome de Down e suas mães e cinco díades de crianças com atraso de linguagem e suas mães. Foram gravadas três sessões de interação espontânea de mãe e criança em ambiente domiciliar. Os resultados mostraram que mães de crianças com atraso de linguagem apresentaram comportamentos mais adequados na interação com seus filhos, tais como equilíbrio da atividade dialógica durante a interação, estrutura gramatical e complexidade do discurso adequado, mais paciência com a criança e adequada entonação da fala. Por outro lado, mães de crianças com síndrome de Down demonstraram mais interesse durante a interação comunicativa.
Facilitadores e barreiras percebidos por pessoas com cegueira congênita para a prática de atividade física
Authors: Morgado Fabiane Frota da Rocha , Campana Angela Nogueira Neves Betanho , Morgado Jairo José Monteiro , Fortes Leonardo de Sousa , Tavares Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes
Published: October 2013

A prática de atividade física é um importante elemento para um estilo de vida saudável. Entretanto, entre pessoas com deficiência visual, esta prática pode ser reduzida, o que torna este grupo suscetível ao desenvolvimento de patologias associadas à inatividade física. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar facilitadores e barreiras percebidas por pessoas com cegueira congênita para a prática de atividade física. Foram realizados dois grupos focais com onze sujeitos adultos com cegueira congênita, sendo seis mulheres e cinco homens, com idade média de 34 anos (± 7 anos). A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para interpretar os dados. Duas grandes categorias foram apresentadas nos resultados, classificadas como "principais facilitadores para a prática de atividade física" e "principais barreiras para a prática de atividade física". Os facilitadores (família, professores de Educação Física especializados, instituição especializada, materiais adaptados, e reconhecimento dos benefícios) e as barreiras (família, professores de Educação Física despreparados, limitada infraestrutura em centros de atividade física, sentimentos de exclusão em aulas de Educação Física, dificuldade na habilidade espacial e na coordenação motora) apontados pelos participantes mostraram-se complexos e multifacetados, de ordem social, ambiental e pessoal. Considerando os benefícios da atividade física, é fundamental que os profissionais da área adaptem estratégias de inclusão adequadas à participação de pessoas que não enxergam, possibilitando-lhes explorar diferentes possibilidades de movimento na sua relação com o mundo, as quais poderiam atuar positivamente em seu desenvolvimento biológico, psicológico e social.
Mapeamento de alunos surdos matriculados na rede de ensino pública de um município de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo: dissonâncias
Authors: Resende Alice Almeida Chaves de , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
Published: October 2013

A educação de surdos se coloca como um campo de estudos em destaque, principalmente porque a construção da escola inclusiva para um grupo de pessoas que possui uma língua diferenciada e própria não parece ser uma tarefa simples. Considerando que o governo brasileiro tem se mobilizado para incluir a todos, sem distinção, entende-se que estudar a surdez no contexto educacional brasileiro significa, inescapavelmente, estudar a proposta de educação inclusiva e, nesse sentido, indagar sobre os desafios e perspectivas advindos dessa proposta. O presente estudo se desenvolveu por meio da abordagem quantitativa e tem como objetivo mapear e quantificar os alunos surdos inseridos no Ensino Fundamental e Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) das escolas estaduais e municipais de um município de médio porte do interior do Estado de São Paulo, segundo registros da Secretaria Municipal de Educação e da Diretoria de Ensino Estadual que abrangem o referido município, contrastando com o levantamento dos mesmos dados apresentados pelos Microdados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), referentes a 2010. Defende-se que para uma adequada política de atendimento aos alunos surdos é relevante conhecer onde eles estão matriculados e quantos são. A atenção a esses dados - no nível municipal, estadual e federal - nem sempre tem sido considerada. Duas etapas compuseram a realização deste estudo: a pesquisa documental e a análise dos dados. Fontes diferentes que deveriam contemplar as mesmas informações apontam dados discrepantes. A inclusão de surdos no ensino regular é um desafio constante e permanente. Portanto, esta pesquisa pretende somar-se às discussões no campo da Educação Especial, especialmente aos estudos relacionados à educação de surdos, pois entende-se que a oferta de uma educação com qualidade para esses alunos também perpassada por questões como aquelas relativas às matrículas. Acredita-se que os dados levantados nesta pesquisa trarão indicativos de como tem sido encaminhada esta questão, oferecendo oportunidade para revisão e orientação relativa ao reconhecimento e registro de alunos, como os alunos surdos nas redes públicas de ensino, colaborando para um melhor planejamento das ações relativas à inclusão deste segmento.
Construção da identidade dos atores da Saúde Coletiva no Brasil: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Vinício Oliveira da , Pinto Isabela Cardoso de Matos
Published: October 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica sobre a identidade de atores da Saúde Coletiva no Brasil, entre 1990 e 2011. Realizou-se um estudo de revisão da literatura, a partir de resumos, artigos e trabalhos acadêmicos, como teses e dissertações, nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO e CAPES. Das publicações selecionadas, após análise, emergiram três categorias: construção da identidade, formação e identidade, e mercado de trabalho e identidade. Verifica-se, na quase totalidade dos estudos, que as discussões pouco se referem a um corpo básico que configura a identidade em Saúde Coletiva, mas, sim, a um conjunto de valores nos quais aparecem convergências. É necessário refletir sobre a complexidade implicada nesse processo, especialmente com a emergência da formação de sanitaristas, a partir da graduação, apontando, portanto, para uma possível profissionalização.
Comunicación para la salud y estilos de vida saludables: aportes para la reflexión desde la salud colectiva
Authors: Rojas-Rajs Soledad , Soto Edgar Jarillo
Published: October 2013

Este trabajo plantea la necesidad de una mirada compleja hacia la comunicación para la salud, con el fin de ir más allá de una visión instrumental de su concepción y ejercicio. Analizando en particular los enfoques de comunicación dirigidos al cambio de conducta que promueven la adopción de estilos de vida saludables, propone ampliar desde el momento de la problematización la forma en que se concibe la comunicación para la salud, integrando algunos ejes analíticos que permitan dar cuenta de las múltiples aristas y contradicciones de los procesos de comunicación para la salud.
Teor e composição do óleo essencial de inflorescências e folhas de Lavandula dentata L. em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento floral e épocas de colheita
Authors: Masetto M.A.M. , Deschamps C. , Mógor A.F. , Bizzo H.R.
Published: October 2013

O óleo essencial de Lavandula dentata L. possui importância econômica devido à utilização nas indústrias farmacêutica, cosmética e de higiene pessoal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o teor e a composição do óleo essencial de inflorescências e folhas de lavanda em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo três estádios de desenvolvimento floral (botão, pré-antese/antese e senescente) e duas épocas de colheita (janeiro e abril), com cinco repetições. As amostras de óleo essencial foram obtidas por hidrodestilação, sendo os constituintes analisados por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Houve interação entre os fatores épocas de colheita e desenvolvimento floral no teor de óleo essencial das inflorescências, sendo observada média superior em botões florais colhidos em janeiro. Os estádios de desenvolvimento não alteraram o teor do óleo essencial das folhas. Os estádios de desenvolvimento influenciaram nos teores dos constituintes dos óleos essenciais das inflorescências e folhas. No óleo essencial em estádio de flor senescente da colheita de abril, observou-se teor elevado de 1,8-cineol, enquanto nos demais estádios de desenvolvimento os teores foram menores em ambas as épocas de colheita. Teores elevados de cânfora foram observados nos estádios de pré-antese/antese e senescente, na colheita de janeiro. O óleo essencial das folhas apresentou teor superior de 1,8-cineol em ramos com flores em estádio de pré-antese/antese. Os teores de cânfora e fenchona foram superiores em ramos contendo botões. O óleo essencial das folhas de ramos com botões e flores senescentes apresentou teor superior de linalol em relação ao óleo essencial das inflorescências.
Políticas curriculares e qualidade do ensino de ciências no discurso pedagógico de professores de nível médio
Authors: Carvalho Roberta Comissanha de , Rezende Flavia
Published: October 2013

Investigamos relações entre os sentidos de qualidade atribuídos, por professores de Física, Química e Biologia de duas escolas públicas, à educação científica e aqueles associados às políticas curriculares. Para tal, analisamos processos de recontextualização das políticas curriculares e da qualidade da educação científica no discurso pedagógico dos professores. Ainda que o sentido de formação para o mercado tenha sido associado à qualidade da educação científica pelos professores de ambas as escolas, os processos de recontextualização das políticas acabam moldando seus discursos pedagógicos de forma diferente: enquanto os professores da escola de alto Enem selecionam os conteúdos dos exames oficiais e usam a contextualização para enriquecê-los, os professores da escola de baixo Enem selecionam conhecimentos científicos úteis à realidade concreta dos alunos e contextualizam estes conhecimentos sem reconhecer este processo como garantidor de qualidade. Ao contrário, a contextualização passa a desempenhar o papel de prêmio de consolação.
A história da dupla hélice do DNA nos livros didáticos: suas potencialidades e uma proposta de diálogo
Authors: Silva Marcos Rodrigues da , Passos Marinez Meneghello , Boas Anderson Vilas
Published: October 2013

Mediante a análise de sete dos nove títulos de livros didáticos qualificados pelo Programa do Livro para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM/2009), procurou-se mostrar que há uma concepção de ciência intrínseca a cada uma das propostas apresentadas nesses livros. Entre os referenciais assumidos para o desenvolvimento da análise, está a inserção de história mediante o aporte filosófico de uma abordagem relacional, que leva em consideração - quando se narra a história de um conceito científico - a relação entre este conceito e o problema a partir do qual emerge a necessidade deste conceito. Esta investigação levou-nos à conclusão de que os elementos históricos contidos nos livros didáticos, referentes à história da dupla hélice do DNA, possibilitam a constituição de uma concepção de ciências que mostra a ciência como uma construção histórica, pela razão de que seus resultados são respostas a problemas legitimados historicamente.
A relação teoria e prática em projetos de educação ambiental desenvolvidos em um bairro de Bauru, SP, Brasil
Authors: Teixeira Lucas André , Talamoni Jandira Líria Biscalquini , Tozoni-Reis Marília Freitas de Campos
Published: October 2013

Este estudo analisa a relação entre teoria e prática que emerge de dois Projetos Ambientais realizados em um bairro popular de Bauru, SP, Brasil. Para essa análise, diante da diversidade de concepções e abordagens teórico-práticas acerca da educação ambiental, optamos pela fundamentação teórica da vertente crítica. Levando em conta as possibilidades dos procedimentos da pesquisa qualitativa em educação, elegemos a análise de conteúdo para a obtenção dos dados. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo sinalizam a necessidade de se romper com a dicotomia entre a forma (prática) e o conteúdo (teoria) no processo educativo ambiental, dando centralidade aos conteúdos sistematizados e construídos historicamente. Assim, consideramos que os processos educativos ambientais em análise, implicam o tratamento da forma e conteúdo como uma unidade dialética.
Effects of a high-risk environment on edge-drilling behavior: inference from Recent bivalves from the Red Sea
Authors: Chattopadhyay Devapriya , Zuschin Martin , Tomašových Adam
Published: October 2013

Edge-drilling is an unusual predation pattern in which a predatory gastropod drills a hole on the commissure between the valves of a bivalve. Although it is faster than wall drilling, it involves the potential risk of amputating the drilling organ. We therefore hypothesize that this risky strategy is advantageous only in environments where predators face high competition or predation pressure while feeding. The high frequency of edge-drilling (EDF, relative to the total number of drilled valves) in a diverse Recent bivalve assemblage from the Red Sea enables us to test this hypothesis, predicting (1) a low EDF in infaunal groups, (2) a high EDF in bivalves with elongated shape, (3) high incidence of edge-drilling in groups showing a high wall-drilling frequency, and (4) high EDF in shallow habitats. We evaluate these predictions based on >15,000 bivalve specimens. Among ecological attributes, we found substrate affinity and predation intensity of a species to be good predictors of edge-drilling incidence. Infaunal taxa with high length/width ratio have a low EDF, in accordance with our predictions. Predation intensity is also a significant predictor of edge-drilling; groups with high predation intensity show higher incidence of edge-drilling, confirming our prediction. Although water depth fails to show any significant effect on EDF, this analysis generally supports the high-risk hypothesis of edge-drilling incidence because shallow depths have considerable microhabitat variability. Classically the drill hole site selection has often been linked to predatory behavior. Our study indicates that prey attributes are also crucial in dictating the behavioral traits of a driller such as site selection. This calls for considering such details of the prey to fully understand predation in modern and fossil habitats. Moreover, this perspective is important for tackling the longstanding riddle of the limited temporal and spatial distribution of edge-drilling.
Attachment and Parenting in Adult Patients with Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Picardi Angelo , Caroppo Emanuele , Fabi Elisa , Proietti Serena , Gennaro Giancarlo Di , Meldolesi Giulio Nicolò , Martinotti Giovanni
Published: October 2013

Background:

The literature suggests that dysfunctional parenting and insecure attachment may increase risk of anxiety-related psychopathology. This study aimed at testing the association between anxiety disorders, attachment insecurity and dysfunctional parenting while controlling for factors usually not controlled for in previous studies, such as gender, age, and being ill.

Methods:

A sample of 32 non-psychotic inpatients with SCID-I diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, either alone or in comorbidity, was compared with two age- and sex-matched control groups consisting of 32 non-clinical participants and 32 in-patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Study measures included the Experience in Close Relationships questionnaire (ECR) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI).

Results:

The patients with anxiety disorders scored significantly higher on attachment-related anxiety and avoidance than patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and non-clinical participants. These findings were independent of comorbidity for mood disorders. ECR scores did not differ among diagnostic subgroups (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, other anxiety disorders). Patients with anxiety disorders scored significantly lower on PBI mother’s care and borderline significantly lower on PBI father's care than patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Conclusions:

Although limitations such as the relatively small sample size and the cross-sectional nature suggest caution in interpreting these findings, they are consistent with the few previous adult studies performed on this topic and corroborate Bowlby's seminal hypothesis of a link between negative attachment-related experiences, attachment insecurity, and clinical anxiety. Attachment theory provides a useful theoretical framework for integrating research findings from several fields concerning the development of anxiety disorders and for planning therapeutic interventions.
Measurement of the Internal Adaptation of Resin Composites Using Micro-CT and Its Correlation With Polymerization Shrinkage
Authors: Kim HJ , Park SH
Published: October 2013

In the present study, the internal adaptation of dentin-composite interfaces with various resin composite materials under conditions of thermomechanical loading was analyzed nondestructively using micro–computed tomography (micro-CT), and these results were compared with analyses of microgaps after sectioning. Additionally, the correlation of internal adaptation with polymerization shrinkage strain and stress was evaluated.

Four nonflowable resins, Gradia Direct (GD), Filtek P90 (P9), Filtek Z350 (Z3), and Charisma (CH), and two flowable resins, SDR (SD) and Tetric N-Flow (TF) were used. First, the polymerization shrinkage strain and stress were measured. Then, Class I cavities were prepared in 48 premolars. They were divided randomly into six groups, and the cavities were filled with composites using XP bond. To evaluate the internal adaptation, tooth specimens were immersed in a 25% silver nitrate solution, and micro-CT analysis was performed before and after thermomechanical loading. The silver nitrate penetration (%SP) was measured. After buccolingual sectioning and rhodamine penetration of the specimen, the rhodamine penetration (%RP) was measured using a stereo-microscope. One-way analysis of variance was then used to compare the polymerization shrinkage strain, stress, %SP, and %RP among the groups at a 95% confidence level. A paired t-test was used to compare the %SP before and after thermomechanical loading. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between polymerization shrinkage strain/stress and %SP or %RP to a 95% confidence level.

Evaluation of the polymerization shrinkage strain demonstrated that P9 < Z3 ≤ GD < CH ≤ SD < TF (p<0.05); similarly, evaluation of the polymerization shrinkage stress showed that P9 ≤ GD ≤ Z3 ≤ CH ≤ SD < TF (p<0.05). The %SP showed that P9 ≤ GD ≤ Z3 < CH ≤ SD < TF (p<0.05) before loading and that P9 ≤ GD ≤ Z3 ≤ CH ≤ SD < TF (p<0.05) after loading. There was a significant difference between the before-loading and after-loading measurements in all groups (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the %SP and the %RP (r=0.810, p<0.001).

Conclusively, the polymerization shrinkage stress and strain were found to be closely related to the internal adaptation of the resin composite restorations. The newly proposed model for the evaluation of internal adaptation using micro-CT and silver nitrate may provide a new measurement for evaluating the internal adaptation of restorations in a nondestructive way.
Anodisation of Aluminium in Aqueous Sodium Oxalate and Sodium Sulphate Media
Authors: Mustafa CM , Habib MA , Islam MS
Published: October 2013

An investigation was conducted on the anodisation of commercial grade aluminium in aqueous sodium sulphate and sodium oxalate solutions. The parameters investigated were anodisation potential and electrolyte composition. Degree of anodisation was evaluated by visual observation of the anodised surface, analyses of current-concentration graphs at constant potential and current-potential characteristics, and measurement of corrosion rate of the anodised surface. Anodisation potential played an important role on the degree of anodisation. The optimum potential was 400 mV and 800 mV wrt saturated Ag/AgCl (SSE) reference electrode for sodium sulphate and sodium oxalate solutions respectively. Below and above the optimum potential poor anodisation was due to insufficient production of Al3+ to form anodic film and surface breakdown respectively. Anodisation increased with the increase of oxalate concentration. Sulphate concentration was less effective on the degree of anodisation. Between the two electrolytes sodium oxalate was more suitable than sodium sulphate for aluminium anodisation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v38i0.16544 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 38, 09-16 (2010)