bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of a Commercial Noni Juice revealed by Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema
Authors: Yilmazer N. , Coskun C. , Gurel-Gurevin E. , Yaylim I. , Eraltan E.H. , Ikitimur-Armutak E.I.
Published: October 2016

This study aimed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of a commercial product of noni (Morinda citrifolia) juice. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was employed as inflammatory model. One control and three experimental groups were formed. Experimental groups were administered noni juice alone, noni juice+carrageenan, and carrageenan alone. Oxidant and antioxidant capacity were determined by d-ROMs test and BAP test, respectively. Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and leptin were measured by ELISA. Measurements were performed at zero time and 2nd hour of inflammation. Oxidant capacity decreased in noni-received groups at 2nd hour (p=0.019). Antioxidant capacity of the group which received noni alone was found to be higher at 2nd hour (p=0.036). Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and leptin were notably lower in noni-received groups (p=0.001 and p=0.021, respectively). The results show that the commercial noni juice investigated has pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Phenotypical and Genotypical Antimicrobial Resistance of Coagulase-negative staphylococci Isolated from Cow Mastitis
Authors: Klimiene I. , Virgailis M. , Pavilonis A. , Siugzdiniene R. , Mockeliunas R. , Ruzauskas M.
Published: October 2016

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci were evaluated by breakpoint values specific to the species (EU-CAST). The presence of resistance-encoding genes was detected by multiplex PCR. A total of 191 CNS isolates were obtained. The CNS isolates were typically resistant to penicillin (67.4%), tetracyc-line (18.9%), and erythromycin (13.7%). CNS isolates (78.0%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial compound, and 22.0% were multiresistant. The multiresistant isolates were predominantlyStaphylococcus chromogenes(28.6%),Staphylococcus warneri(19%) andStaphylococcus haemolyticus(14.3%). According to MIC pattern data, multiresistant isolates showed the highest resistance (p<0.05) rates to penicillin (85.7%), tetracycline (66.7%), and erythromycin (48.2%), but all of them were sensitive to daptomycin, oxacillin, qiunupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin.S. chromogenes (9.5%),S. haemolyticus(4.8%), andS. capitis ss capitis(2.4%) strains were resistant to methicillin; their resistance to oxacillin and penicillin was more than 8 mg/l. A high rate of resistance to penicillin was linked to ablaZ gene found in 66.6% of the isolated multiresistant CNS strains. Resistance to tetracycline via thetetK (38.1%) gene and penicillin via themecA (23.8%) gene were detected less frequently. GenemsrAB was responsible for macrolides and lincosamides resistance and detected in 28.6% of the CNS isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified more frequently inS. epidermidis,S. chromogenes, andS. warneri.
Monitoring the Secondary Forest Succession and Land Cover/Use Changes of the Błędów Desert (Poland) Using Geospatial Analyses
Authors: Szostak Marta , Wężyk Piotr , Hawryło Paweł , Puchała Marta
Published: October 2016

The role of image classification based on multi-source, multi-temporal and multi-resolution remote sensed data is on the rise in the environmental studies due to the availability of new satellite sensors, easier access to aerial orthoimages and the automation of image analysis algorithms. The remote sensing technology provides accurate information on the spatial and temporal distribution of land use and land cover (LULC) classes. The presented study focuses on LULC change dynamics (especially secondary forest succession) that occurred between 1974 and 2010 in the Błędów Desert (an area of approx. 1210 ha; a unique refuge habitat – NATURA 2000; South Poland). The methods included: photointerpretation and on-screen digitalization of KH-9 CORONA (1974), aerial orthoimages (2009) and satellite images (LANDSAT 7 ETM+, 1999 and BlackBridge – RapidEye, 2010) and GIS spatial analyses. The results of the study have confirmed the high dynamic of the overgrowth process of the Błędów Desert by secondary forest and shrub vegetation. The bare soils covered 19.3% of the desert area in 1974, the initial vegetation and bush correspondingly 23.1% and 30.5%. In the years 2009/2010 the mentioned classes contained: the bare soils approx. 1.1%, the initial vegetation – 8.7% and bush – 15.8%. The performed classifications and GIS analyses confirmed a continuous increase in the area covered by forests, from 11.6% (KH-9) up to 24.2%, about 25 years later (LANDSAT 7) and in the following 11 years, has shown an increase up to 35.7% (RapidEye 2010).
The Optimization of Rural Landscape in the Light of the Idea of Sustainable Development – The Example of Poland
Authors: Sobala Michał , Myga-Piątek Urszula
Published: October 2016

Contemporary rural landscapes in Poland are being changed intensively and adversely. These changes lead to landscape disharmony, spatial disorder, the blurring of individual and specific features and disruption to the ecological equilibrium. This article aims to present general rules for the optimization of rural landscapes. It discusses the causes and consequences of unfavourable changes within Poland’s rural landscapes which constitute a threat to their sustainable development. The authors attempt to identify the major factors to be considered in taking steps aimed at landscape optimization. Landscape equilibrium may be assessed through the sustainable development dimensions: ethical, ecological, social, economic, technical, political and legal. Landscape optimization consists in maintaining the balance within these dimensions.
GIS-based Approach to Estimate Surface Runoff in Small Catchments: A Case Study
Authors: Vojtek Matej , Vojteková Jana
Published: October 2016

The issue of surface runoff assessment is one of the important and relevant topics of hydrological as well as geographical research. The aim of the paper is therefore to estimate and assess surface runoff on the example of Vyčoma catchment which is located in the Western Slovakia. For this purpose, SCS runoff curve number method, modeling in GIS and remote sensing were used. An important task was the creation of a digital elevation model (DEM), which enters the surface runoff modeling and affects its accuracy. Great attention was paid to the spatial interpretation of land use categories applying aerial imagery from 2013 and hydrological soil groups as well as calculation of maximum daily rainfall with N-year return periods as partial tasks in estimating surface runoff. From the methodological point of view, the importance of the paper can be seen in the use of a simple GIS-based approach to assess the surface runoff conditions in a small catchment.
Studying of the Nucleus-Nucleus Interaction Using Wave Function of the Nucleus and Hyperspherical Formalism
Authors: Pakdel Fatemeh , Rajabi Ali Akbar
Published: October 2016

The current study presents the results of the use of the wave function of a nucleus in place of the nucleus density distribution to calculate the nucleus-nucleus interaction potential. The wave function is obtained by solving the D-dimensional wave equation using the hyperspherical formalism. The interaction potential between two nuclei is calculated using the double folding model. The numerical results for the interaction potential and the scattering cross section are presented to evaluate the formalism used to calculate the nucleus wave function.
In UteroExposure to Valproic Acid Induces Neocortical Dysgenesis via Dysregulation of Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation/Differentiation
Authors: Fujimura Kimino , Mitsuhashi Takayuki , Shibata Shinsuke , Shimozato Sachiko , Takahashi Takao
Published: October 2016

Valproic acid (VPA), a widely used antiepileptic drug, is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, which epigenetically modify cell proliferation/differentiation in developing tissues. A series of recent clinical studies in humans reported that VPA exposurein uteroimpaired histogenesis and the development of the central nervous system, leading to increased risks of congenital malformation and the impairment of higher brain functions in children. In the present study conducted in mice, we report that VPA exposurein utero(1) increases the amount of acetylated histone proteins, (2) alters the expression of G1-phase regulatory proteins, (3) inhibits the cell cycle exit of neural progenitor cells during the early stage of neocortical histogenesis, and (4) increases the production of projection neurons distributed in the superficial neocortical layers in embryonic brains. Together, our findings show that VPA exposurein uteroalters proliferation/differentiation characteristics of neural progenitor cells and hence leads to the neocortical dysgenesis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides new insight into the mechanisms of how an alteredin uteroenvironment, such as drug exposure, affects the generation of neurons prenatally. The antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) is a good target molecule asin uteroexposure to VPA has been repeatedly reported to increase the risk of nervous system malformations and to impair higher brain functions in children. We show that VPA decreases the probability of differentiation of the neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in mice, resulting in an abnormally increased number of projection neurons in the superficial layers of the neocortex. Further, we suggest that histone deacetylase inhibition by VPA may be involved in the dysregulation of proliferation/differentiation characteristics of NPCs.
Fatigue in Rapsyn-Deficient Zebrafish Reflects Defective Transmitter Release
Authors: Wen Hua , Hubbard Jeffrey Michael , Wang Wei-Chun , Brehm Paul
Published: October 2016

Rapsyn-deficient myasthenic syndrome is characterized by a weakness in voluntary muscle contraction, a direct consequence of greatly reduced synaptic responses that result from poorly clustered acetylcholine receptors. As with other myasthenic syndromes, the general muscle weakness is also accompanied by use-dependent fatigue. Here, we used paired motor neuron target muscle patch-clamp recordings from a rapsyn-deficient mutant line of zebrafish to explore for the first time the mechanisms causal to fatigue. We find that synaptic responses in mutant fish can follow faithfully low-frequency stimuli despite the reduced amplitude. This is in part helped by a compensatory increase in the number of presynaptic release sites in the mutant fish. In response to high-frequency stimulation, both wild-type and mutant neuromuscular junctions depress to steady-state response levels, but the latter shows exaggerated depression. Analysis of the steady-state transmission revealed that vesicle reloading and release at individual release sites is significantly slower in mutant fish during high-frequency activities. Therefore, reductions in postsynaptic receptor density and compromised presynaptic release collectively serve to reduce synaptic strength to levels that fall below the threshold for muscle action potential generation, thus accounting for use-dependent fatigue. Our findings raise the possibility that defects in motor neuron function may also be at play in other myasthenic syndromes that have been mapped to mutations in muscle-specific proteins.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUse-dependent fatigue accompanies many neuromuscular myasthenic syndromes, including muscle rapsyn deficiency. Here, using a rapsyn-deficient line of zebrafish, we performed paired motor neuron target muscle patch-clamp recordings to investigate the mechanisms causal to this phenomenon. Our findings indicate that the reduced postsynaptic receptor density resulting from defective rapsyn contributes to weakness, but is not solely responsible for use-dependent fatigue. Instead, we find unexpected involvement of altered transmitter release from the motor neuron. Specifically, slowed reloading of vesicle release sites leads to augmented synaptic depression during repeated action potentials. Even at moderate stimulus frequencies, the depression levels for evoked synaptic responses fall below the threshold for the generation of muscle action potentials. The associated contraction failures are manifest as use-dependent fatigue.
A Functional Switch in Tonic GABA Currents Alters the Output of Central Amygdala Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor-1 Neurons Following Chronic Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Herman Melissa A. , Contet Candice , Roberto Marisa
Published: October 2016

The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system in the central amygdala (CeA) has been implicated in the effects of acute ethanol and the development of alcohol dependence. We previously demonstrated that CRF receptor 1 (CRF1) neurons comprise a specific component of the CeA microcircuitry that is selectively engaged by acute ethanol. To investigate the impact of chronic ethanol exposure on inhibitory signaling in CRF1+ CeA neurons, we used CRF1:GFP mice subjected to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) inhalation and examined changes in local inhibitory control, the effects of acute ethanol, and the output of these neurons from the CeA. Following CIE, CRF1+ neurons displayed decreased phasic inhibition and a complete loss of tonic inhibition that persisted into withdrawal. CRF1− neurons showed a cell type-specific upregulation of both phasic and tonic signaling with CIE, the latter of which persists into withdrawal and is likely mediated by δ subunit-containing GABAAreceptors. The loss of tonic inhibition with CIE was seen in CRF1+ and CRF1− neurons that project out of the CeA and into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. CRF1+ projection neurons displayed an increased baseline firing rate and loss of sensitivity to acute ethanol following CIE. These data demonstrate that chronic ethanol exposure produces profound and long-lasting changes in local inhibitory control of the CeA, resulting in an increase in the output of the CeA and the CRF1 receptor system, in particular. These cellular changes could underlie the behavioral manifestations of alcohol dependence and potentially contribute to the pathology of addiction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system in the central amygdala (CeA) has been implicated in the effects of acute and chronic ethanol. We showed previously that CRF receptor 1-expressing (CRF1+) neurons in the CeA are under tonic inhibitory control and are differentially regulated by acute ethanol (Herman et al., 2013). Here we show that the inhibitory control of CRF1+ CeA neurons is lost with chronic ethanol exposure, likely by a functional switch in local tonic signaling. The loss of tonic inhibition is seen in CRF1+ projection neurons, suggesting that a critical consequence of chronic ethanol exposure is an increase in the output of the CeA CRF1 system, a neuroadaptation that may contribute to the behavioral consequences of alcohol dependence.
Involvement of the Serotonin Transporter Gene in Accurate Subcortical Speech Encoding
Authors: Selinger Lenka , Zarnowiec Katarzyna , Via Marc , Clemente Immaculada C. , Escera Carles
Published: October 2016

A flourishing line of evidence has highlighted the encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory system as being shaped by acoustic, linguistic, and musical experience and training. And while the heritability of auditory speech as well as nonspeech processing has been suggested, the genetic determinants of subcortical speech processing have not yet been uncovered. Here, we postulated that the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a common functional polymorphism located in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), is implicated in speech encoding in the human subcortical auditory pathway. Serotonin has been shown as essential for modulating the brain response to sound both cortically and subcortically, yet the genetic factors regulating this modulation regarding speech sounds have not been disclosed. We recorded the frequency following response, a biomarker of the neural tracking of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory pathway, and cortical evoked potentials in 58 participants elicited to the syllable /ba/, which was presented >2000 times. Participants with low serotonin transporter expression had higher signal-to-noise ratios as well as a higher pitch strength representation of the periodic part of the syllable than participants with medium to high expression, possibly by tuning synaptic activity to the stimulus features and hence a more efficient suppression of noise. These results imply the 5-HTTLPR in subcortical auditory speech encoding and add an important, genetically determined layer to the factors shaping the human subcortical response to speech sounds.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe accurate encoding of speech sounds in the subcortical auditory nervous system is of paramount relevance for human communication, and it has been shown to be altered in different disorders of speech and auditory processing. Importantly, this encoding is plastic and can therefore be enhanced by language and music experience. Whether genetic factors play a role in speech encoding at the subcortical level remains unresolved. Here we show that a common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene relates to an accurate and robust neural tracking of speech stimuli in the subcortical auditory pathway. This indicates that serotonin transporter expression, eventually in combination with other polymorphisms, delimits the extent to which lifetime experience shapes the subcortical encoding of speech.
Physiological and Perceptual Sensory Attenuation Have Different Underlying Neurophysiological Correlates
Authors: Palmer Clare E. , Davare Marco , Kilner James M.
Published: October 2016

Sensory attenuation, the top-down filtering or gating of afferent information, has been extensively studied in two fields: physiological and perceptual. Physiological sensory attenuation is represented as a decrease in the amplitude of the primary and secondary components of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) before and during movement. Perceptual sensory attenuation, described using the analogy of a persons' inability to tickle oneself, is a reduction in the perception of the afferent input of a self-produced tactile sensation due to the central cancellation of the reafferent signal by the efference copy of the motor command to produce the action. The fields investigating these two areas have remained isolated, so the relationship between them is unclear. The current study delivered median nerve stimulation to produce SEPs during a force-matching paradigm (used to quantify perceptual sensory attenuation) in healthy human subjects to determine whether SEP gating correlated with the behavior. Our results revealed that these two forms of attenuation have dissociable neurophysiological correlates and are likely functionally distinct, which has important implications for understanding neurological disorders in which one form of sensory attenuation but not the other is impaired. Time–frequency analyses revealed a negative correlation over sensorimotor cortex between gamma-oscillatory activity and the magnitude of perceptual sensory attenuation. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that gamma-band power is related to prediction error and that this might underlie perceptual sensory attenuation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe demonstrate that there are two functionally and mechanistically distinct forms of sensory gating. The literature regarding somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) gating is commonly cited as a potential mechanism underlying perceptual sensory attenuation; however, the formal relationship between physiological and perceptual sensory attenuation has never been tested. Here, we measured SEP gating and perceptual sensory attenuation in a single paradigm and identified their distinct neurophysiological correlates. Perceptual and physiological sensory attenuation has been shown to be impaired in various patient groups, so understanding the differential roles of these phenomena and how they are modulated in a diseased state is very important for aiding our understanding of neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, functional movement disorders, and Parkinson's disease.
Reconnecting Eye to Brain
Authors: Crair Michael C. , Mason Carol A.
Published: October 2016

Although much is known about the regenerative capacity of retinal ganglion cells, very significant barriers remain in our ability to restore visual function following traumatic injury or disease-induced degeneration. Here we summarize our current understanding of the factors regulating axon guidance and target engagement in regenerating axons, and review the state of the field of neural regeneration, focusing on the visual system and highlighting studies using other model systems that can inform analysis of visual system regeneration. This overview is motivated by a Society for Neuroscience Satellite meeting, “Reconnecting Neurons in the Visual System,” held in October 2015 sponsored by the National Eye Institute as part of their “Audacious Goals Initiative” and co-organized by Carol Mason (Columbia University) and Michael Crair (Yale University). The collective wisdom of the conference participants pointed to important gaps in our knowledge and barriers to progress in promoting the restoration of visual system function. This article is thus a summary of our existing understanding of visual system regeneration and provides a blueprint for future progress in the field.
Conditional Deletion of the L-Type Calcium Channel Cav1.2 in Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Affects Postnatal Myelination in Mice
Authors: Cheli Veronica T. , Santiago González Diara A. , Namgyal Lama Tenzing , Spreuer Vilma , Handley Vance , Murphy Geoffrey G. , Paez Pablo M.
Published: October 2016

To determine whether L-type voltage-operated Ca2+channels (L-VOCCs) are required for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) development, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the L-VOCC isoform Cav1.2 was postnatally deleted in NG2-positive OPCs. A significant hypomyelination was found in the brains of the Cav1.2 conditional knock-out (Cav1.2KO) mice specifically when the Cav1.2 deletion was induced in OPCs during the first 2 postnatal weeks. A decrease in myelin proteins expression was visible in several brain structures, including the corpus callosum, cortex, and striatum, and the corpus callosum of Cav1.2KOanimals showed an important decrease in the percentage of myelinated axons and a substantial increase in the meang-ratio of myelinated axons. The reduced myelination was accompanied by an important decline in the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes and in the rate of OPC proliferation. Furthermore, using a triple transgenic mouse in which all of the Cav1.2KOOPCs were tracked by aCrereporter, we found that Cav1.2KOOPCs produce less mature oligodendrocytes than control cells. Finally, live-cell imaging in early postnatal brain slices revealed that the migration and proliferation of subventricular zone OPCs is decreased in the Cav1.2KOmice. These results indicate that the L-VOCC isoform Cav1.2 modulates oligodendrocyte development and suggest that Ca2+influx mediated by L-VOCCs in OPCs is necessary for normal myelination.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOverall, it is clear that cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage exhibit remarkable plasticity with regard to the expression of Ca2+channels and that perturbation of Ca2+homeostasis likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis underlying demyelinating diseases. To determine whether voltage-gated Ca2+entry is involved in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, we used a conditional knock-out mouse for voltage-operated Ca2+channels in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our results indicate that voltage-operated Ca2+channels can modulate oligodendrocyte development in the postnatal brain and suggest that voltage-gated Ca2+influx in oligodendroglial cells is critical for normal myelination. These findings could lead to novel approaches to intervene in neurodegenerative diseases in which myelin is lost or damaged.
Gi-DREADD Expression in Peripheral Nerves Produces Ligand-Dependent Analgesia, as well as Ligand-Independent Functional Changes in Sensory Neurons
Authors: Saloman Jami L. , Scheff Nicole N. , Snyder Lindsey M. , Ross Sarah E. , Davis Brian M. , Gold Michael S.
Published: October 2016

Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are an advanced experimental tool that could potentially provide a novel approach to pain management. In particular, expression of an inhibitory (Gi-coupled) DREADD in nociceptors might enable ligand-dependent analgesia. To test this possibility, TRPV1-cre mice were used to restrict expression of Gi-DREADDs to predominantly C-fibers. Whereas baseline heat thresholds in both male and female mice expressing Gi-DREADD were normal, 1 mg/kg clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) produced a significant 3 h increase in heat threshold that returned to baseline by 5 h after injection. Consistent with these behavioral results, CNO decreased action potential firing in isolated sensory neurons from Gi-DREADD mice. Unexpectedly, however, the expression of Gi-DREADD in sensory neurons caused significant changes in voltage-gated Ca2+and Na+currents in the absence of CNO, as well as an increase in Na+channel (NaV1.7) expression. Furthermore, CNO-independent excitatory and inhibitory second-messenger signaling was also altered in these mice, which was associated with a decrease in the analgesic effect of endogenous inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptor activation. These results highlight the potential of this exciting technology, but also its limitations, and that it is essential to identify the underlying mechanisms for any observed behavioral phenotypes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDREADD technology is a powerful tool enabling manipulation of activity and/or transmitter release from targeted cell populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibitory DREADDs in nociceptive afferents could be used to produce analgesia, and if so, how. DREADD activation produced a ligand-dependent analgesia to heatin vivoand a decrease in neuronal firing at the single-cell level. However, we observed that expression of Gi-DREADD also causes ligand-independent changes in ion channel activity and second-messenger signaling. These findings highlight both the potential and the limitations of this exciting technology as well as the necessity to identify the mechanisms underlying any observed phenotype.
Twelve tips for structuring student placements to achieve interprofessional learning outcomes
Authors: Nisbet Gillian , O'Keefe Maree , Henderson Amanda
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Increasingly, universities are being asked to provide evidence of interprofessional learning within their health and human services programs. Given the authentic nature of the placement setting, this component of curricula is well suited to provide students with these interprofessional learning experiences. Aims: To describe twelve tips for structuring student placements to achieve interprofessional learning outcomes. Methods: Development of these 12 tips was based on knowledge and experience drawn from the literature, focus groups and workshop with experts within the field, together with the authors' own experiences over many years of teaching in multidisciplinary and interprofessional contexts. Results and conclusions: The tips provide direction and clarity for universities and placement sites to facilitate authentic learning in practice based settings. In particular, they describe the ways in which placements can be structured to maximise opportunities for students to achieve specific interprofessional competencies. They are underpinned by the principle that interprofessional learning should be a core component of all healthcare placements and that student learning occurs through participation in routine work activity in addition to structured learning activities.
RECURSOS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO E LIMITES DO AJUSTE FISCAL
Authors: Brito Vera Lúcia Ferreira Alves de , Braga Daniel Santos
Published: October 2016

Resumo: Este artigo analisa o financiamento da rede pública estadual de Minas Gerais e a remuneração dos professores da rede entre 2003 e 2014. Focaliza a modernização da administração governamental e os efeitos do programa denominado "Choque de gestão" na aplicação dos recursos para a função educação e para a remuneração do magistério assim como analisa a limitação imposta pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal para os gastos com pessoal. Para isso, foram analisados dados orçamentários e relatórios do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais. O trabalho é parte da pesquisa "Remuneração de professores da educação básica pública: configurações, impactos, impasses e perspectivas", realizada para o Observatório da Educação. A pesquisa constatou a diminuição de recursos financeiros para a função educação em Minas Gerais e a não implantação do piso salarial profissional nacional para os professores da rede estadual de educação básica.
O ACESSO DE ALUNOS DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS AO CIRCUITO LIBERDADE: ANÁLISE DE UM PROJETO PILOTO
Authors: Machado Ana Flávia , Paglioto Bárbara Freitas , Cunha Maria Helena
Published: October 2016

RESUMO: Este artigo se propõe a descrever a relação entre o acesso de alunos de escolas públicas a equipamentos culturais e seu perfil socioeconômico e hábitos formados e cultivados no âmbito de práticas culturais. Para tal, foi feita uma pesquisa de campo junto a escolas da rede pública de ensino de Belo Horizonte. Formaram-se dois grupos de alunos entrevistados, os que participaram da ação educativa e os que não participaram. Buscou-se captar o efeito desse programa, considerando perfil demográfico do aluno, preferências por disciplinas e lugares dentro da escola, condições socioeconômicas da família, hábitos culturais, alocação de tempo e avaliação de Belo Horizonte. Os resultados evidenciam que os alunos mais motivados pelo contato com o Circuito Liberdade são aqueles mais interessados nas atividades escolares, assim como aqueles que informam frequentar e participar de atividades culturais.
CIRCULAÇÃO E APROPRIAÇÃO DE CONCEPÇÕES EDUCATIVAS: PENSAMENTO ILUSTRADO E MANUAIS PEDAGÓGICOS NO MUNDO LUSO-AMERICANO COLONIAL (SÉCULOS XVIII-XIX)
Authors: Fonseca Thais Nívia de Lima e
Published: October 2016

RESUMO: A produção intelectual entre os séculos XVII e XVIII, destacou os métodos de estudos e seu papel no desenvolvimento de ideias sobre as condutas sociais e a educação desejáveis para os diferentes grupos sociais. À educação era dada a missão de "modelar uma nova humanidade", conforme expressão de Condorcet. Nessa perspectiva universalista e ilustrada, a educação seria instrumento para a organização harmoniosa da sociedade pela disseminação de valores e normas de comportamento. O objetivo desta comunicação é analisar a circulação e a apropriação de concepções educativas no mundo luso-americano, entre o século XVIII e o início do século XIX, por meio de obras do pensamento ilustrado e dos manuais pedagógicos então circulantes. Pretende-se confrontar esses textos a partir das concepções de educação e instrução, buscando-se verificar sua presença nos meios administrativos e educacionais no contexto da difusão do pensamento ilustrado e das reformas pombalinas da educação, a partir de 1759.
A saúde física e mental do profissional médico: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Gracino Mariana Evangelista , Zitta Ana Laura Lima , Mangili Otavio Celeste , Massuda Ely Mitie
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O objetivo desta revisão sistemática da literatura foi de identificar as principais doenças que acometem os médicos em todo o mundo, mediante uma pesquisa eletrônica na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) baseada na metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Prisma). Foram analisados 57 dos 374 artigos científicos encontrados sobre o tema em inglês, português e espanhol, publicados entre 2005 e 2015. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que os acometimentos mentais prevaleceram, destacando-se o esgotamento profissional (síndrome de burnout). Entre as doenças físicas, predominaram os acometimentos musculoesqueléticos.
El Burnout y las variables sociodemográficas en los profesionales de la educación que trabajan con personas con discapacidad en Córdoba (España)
Authors: Llorent Vicente J. , Ruiz-Calzado Inmaculada
Published: October 2016

Resumen El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación es describir el nivel de Burnout o “Síndrome de Quemado por el Trabajo” en los profesionales de la educación que trabajan con personas con discapacidad en Córdoba (España), y la relación con sus características sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, estado civil y nivel de estudios). Diseño: estudio de prevalencia, descriptivo y transversal. Población: 157 profesionales. Instrumento de evaluación: un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el cuestionario MBI. Pruebas estadísticas: Pearson, T- Student, Levene, Anova de un factor y comparaciones múltiples Post Hoc (Bonferroni). Los resultados de esta investigación avalan la diversidad de variables que influyen en el Burnout y en sus dimensiones. Concretamente se ha demostrado la incidencia del sexo, la edad, el estado civil y el nivel de estudios de los profesionales encuestados. Tras una exhaustiva revisión científica sobre el tema, y considerando los resultados obtenidos, se hace fehaciente la necesidad de continuar investigando el Burnout en este colectivo profesional. Se espera que lo resultados obtenidos ayuden en la elaboración de futuras propuestas de detección, atención temprana y reducción de este síndrome en este colectivo profesional.
Deficiência como restrição de participação social: desafios para avaliação a partir da Lei Brasileira de Inclusão
Authors: Santos Wederson
Published: October 2016

Resumo O artigo discute os principais avanços e desafios em avaliar a deficiência como restrição de participação social. Essa nova compreensão é oriunda da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde – CIF da OMS de 2001, da Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência da ONU de 2006 e, mais recentemente, da Lei Brasileira de Inclusão – LBI, de 2015, conhecida também como Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência. A mudança de compreensão sobre a deficiência de uma perspectiva meramente biomédica, para uma compreensão como desigualdade social reforça a ideia da deficiência não como atributo individual, mas como resultado de uma sociedade despreparada para a diversidade humana. A partir de uma análise documental do marco legislativo sobre as políticas para as pessoas com deficiência, sobretudo, da LBI e das avaliações da deficiência que já utilizam a CIF no país, o argumento defendido é o de que classificar e valorar a deficiência nessa perspectiva é desafiante para profissionais avaliadores e para as políticas públicas brasileiras. Principalmente, devido aos desafios para apreciar as barreiras e os fatores ambientais que impedem a plena participação das pessoas com deficiência na sociedade.
Problematizando o conceito de deficiência a partir das noções de autonomia e normalidade
Authors: Gaudenzi Paula , Ortega Francisco
Published: October 2016

Resumo Trata-se de um estudo teórico conceitual para pensar a deficiência e alguns conceitos-base que são manejados para a caracterização da mesma. O objetivo do artigo é ampliar o olhar sobre a deficiência retirando-a de uma descrição que a reduza à doença. Para tanto, situamos historicamente os Disabilty Studies apresentando os Modelos Médico e Social da Deficiência e problematizamos os conceitos de autonomia e normalidade. Estes conceitos e seus correlatos – independência, funcionalidade e norma – são utilizados como fundamento tácito para diferenciar algumas variações corporais que são identificadas como estilos de vida diferentes de outras que são, muitas vezes, denominadas de deficiências. Concluímos afirmando que a deficiência pode ser analisada a partir de outras chaves de leitura que não a colocam como sinônimo de doença se considerarmos as noções de interdependência, normatividade e criação de si no mundo como conceitos básicos para descrevê-la.
Paralisia cerebral: faixa etária e gravidade do comprometimento do filho modificam o estresse e o enfrentamento materno
Authors: Ribeiro Maysa Ferreira Martins , Vandenberghe Luc , Prudente Cejane Oliveira Martins , Vila Vanessa da Silva Carvalho , Porto Celmo Celeno
Published: October 2016

Resumo Estudo com objetivo de compreender de que forma a faixa etária e a gravidade do comprometimento motor dos filhos modificam o significado que mulheres, mães de filhos com paralisia cerebral, atribuem ao estresse e conhecer as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por elas. Abordagem qualitativa com referencial metodológico na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Dezenove mulheres, mães de crianças e de adolescentes com diferentes graus de comprometimento motor participaram de entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas. A falta de apoio, a expansão do tempo e do esforço investido no papel de mãe, em detrimento de outras áreas da vida, prejudicam a saúde física e emocional das participantes. Mulheres com filhos que apresentam leve comprometimento sofrem com o desafio de lidar com os problemas emocionais, a agressividade e as dificuldades de aprendizado dos filhos. Para mães de filhos com grave comprometimento, o mais difícil é lidar com as complicações de saúde e as limitações funcionais. Mães de crianças, relatam fontes de estresse diversificadas e escassez de recursos; já as mães de adolescentes acumulam experiências e retomam os planos de vida. As experiências, o conhecimento e o apoio recebido são decisivos para a adaptação.
Impactos de um documentário sobre o cotidiano de mães e filhos com deficiência: uma análise de cinedebates
Authors: Cavalcante Fátima Gonçalves , Lau Luciana Ferreira , Barbosa Gabriella Ferrarese , Berlim Daniela Lima Gomes , Menezes Natasha Coelho , Braga Daniela de Carvalho , Amorim Annibal Coelho de , Amorim Yuri Cavalcante
Published: October 2016

Resumo O artigo analisa o impacto de um documentário sobre o cotidiano de mães e filhos com deficiência, exibido em congressos, festivais, universidades e escolas no Brasil, Colômbia e Japão. Produzido por profissionais do cinema e da saúde, cientistas sociais e uma rede de mulheres, o longa metragem “Um dia especial” foi premiado no Assim Vivemos – VI Festival Internacional de Filmes sobre Deficiência (2013-2014). O objetivo é analisar o impacto do filme e sua difusão entre profissionais e estudantes de saúde e educação. Adotou-se uma metodologia de cinedebates que foram gravados, transcritos e codificados. O circuito percorreu 22 localidades com uma ou mais exibições para 3.370 pessoas, das quais nove apresentações foram analisadas. Guiaram as interpretações as noções de relato de vida, pacto biográfico, imaginário e representação social. Foram analisadas as questões de gênero, família e cuidado materno; reações, adaptações e convivência após o diagnóstico da deficiência; discriminação e preconceito; escola e inclusão. O estudo fundamenta como a força comunicativa e expressiva do cinema torna-se uma potente tecnologia social para trabalhar gênero, maternidade e deficiência como um tema relevante e estratégico para a saúde pública no país.
Vulnerabilidade associada às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em pessoas com deficiência física
Authors: Aragão Jamilly da Silva , França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de , Coura Alexsandro Silva , Medeiros Carla Campos Muniz , Enders Bertha Cruz
Published: October 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as condições que potencializam as dimensões de vulnerabilidade individual, social e programática associadas às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em pessoas com deficiência física. Estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2015, em uma associação para pessoas com deficiência de Campina Grande/PB, Brasil. Participaram 98 sujeitos que responderam um formulário sobre as dimensões de vulnerabilidade para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Realizaram-se os testes de Qui-quadrado, Fisher, Coeficiente de contingência e razão de prevalência. Verificou-se associação entre a ocorrência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis com o número de parceiros (p = 0,020), acreditar em poucos parceiros como prevenção (p = 0,044), acreditar na má higiene como fator de risco, idade (p = 0,007), tipo de deficiência (p = 0,007) e realização de consulta com urologista (p = 0,030). As pessoas com deficiência física possuem condições que potencializam a vulnerabilidade para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, atrelada às dimensões individual, social e programática. Por meio da caracterização das condições de vulnerabilidade é possível traçar uma prevenção específica atrelada a suas realidades individual, social e de saúde.
Paternidade: vivências de pais de meninos diagnosticados com distrofia muscular de Duchenne
Authors: Lucca Silvana Aparecida de , Petean Eucia Beatriz Lopes
Published: October 2016

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a vivência da paternidade em pais de filhos com diagnóstico de Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD). Participaram oito pais cujos filhos possuem diagnóstico confirmado de DMD, com idade acima dos dez anos e residentes em Ribeirão Preto e cidades circunvizinhas. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a utilização de um roteiro semiestruturado e os dados foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que a notícia da confirmação do diagnóstico de DMD desencadeou uma reação de choque, coexistindo com sentimentos de tristeza, impotência e desesperança. A maioria dos pais considera a enfermidade do filho como missão enviada por Deus, desse modo diminuindo a dor e a angústia causadas pelo adoecimento. Os pais experimentam, desde a percepção dos sintomas da doença, inúmeras perdas que os expõem a grande sofrimento e deflagram o processo de luto antecipatório. Os pais atribuíram à paternidade o significado de missão a ser cumprida e o significado de “paternidade especial” influenciou positivamente na adaptação à doença. Conhecer e compreender como os pais vivenciam a paternidade na presença de uma doença crônica/deficiência é fundamental para programas de acompanhamento psicológico e assistência para os pais e toda a família.
RITOS FUNERÁRIOS E RELAÇÕES DE SOCIABILIDADE EM ANTIOQUIA: a propósito do Mosaico do Banquete de Mnemosyne
Authors: SILVA Gilvan Ventura da
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Neste artigo, temos por objetivo refletir sobre as práticas mortuárias pagãs na Antiguidade Tardia, momento em que, diante da progressiva cristianização do Império Romano, observa-se uma sensível alteração na maneira pela qual gregos e romanos lidavam com a experiência da morte. Como estudo de caso, elegemos a cidade de Antioquia, capital da província da Síria, que, na segunda metade do século IV, foi alvo de uma intensa campanha cristianizante liderada pelas autoridades eclesiásticas. Pretendemos, assim, investigar até que ponto é possível tratar Antioquia como uma polis cristianizada, mas sem recorrer à literatura patrística. A fim de captar a dinâmica religiosa que se estabelece no cotidiano e que tende a escapar da tutela das autoridades episcopais, julgamos por bem explorar dados provenientes da cultura material, em especial dos mosaicos, estratégia capaz de aumentar o nosso grau de compreensão acerca do modus vivendi de atores sociais que, de outra maneira, permaneceriam no anonimato ou seriam conhecidos apenas por intermédio das fontes escritas.
Ampliación del Tiempo y Dispositivo Escolar: oportunidades y resistências
Authors: Vercellino Soledad
Published: October 2016

Resumen: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en el año 2012, que analiza las formas en que se (re)organiza el dispositivo escolar en escuelas primarias de la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina, que implementan programas de extensión de la jornada escolar. El estudio de casos realizado permite advertir que estas experiencias de ampliación de la jornada escolar resultan una oportunidad para ensayar algunos cambios en el formato escolar clásico, habilitando otras formas para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Que esas incipientes experiencias se ven amenazadas por la fuerza de la maquinaria escolar, que tiende a fagocitarlas y dificulta la configuración de un mejor tiempo escolar.
Interactive effects between nest microclimate and nest vegetation structure confirm microclimate thresholds for Lesser Prairie-Chicken nest survival
Authors: Grisham Blake A. , Godar Alixandra J. , Boal Clint W. , Haukos David A.
Published: October 2016

The range of Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) spans 4 unique ecoregions along 2 distinct environmental gradients. The Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion of the Southern High Plains of New Mexico and Texas is environmentally isolated, warmer, and more arid than the Short-Grass, Sand Sagebrush, and Mixed-Grass Prairie ecoregions in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and the northeast panhandle of Texas. Weather is known to influence Lesser Prairie-Chicken nest survival in the Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion; regional variation may also influence nest microclimate and, ultimately, survival during incubation. To address this question, we placed data loggers adjacent to nests during incubation to quantify temperature and humidity distribution functions in 3 ecoregions. We developed a suite of a priori nest survival models that incorporated derived microclimate parameters and visual obstruction as covariates in Program MARK. We monitored 49 nests in Mixed-Grass, 22 nests in Sand Shinnery Oak, and 30 nests in Short-Grass ecoregions from 2010 to 2014. Our findings indicated that (1) the Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion was hotter and drier during incubation than the Mixed- and Short-Grass ecoregions; (2) nest microclimate varied among years within ecoregions; (3) visual obstruction was positively associated with nest survival; but (4) daily nest survival probability decreased by 10% every half-hour when temperature was greater than 34°C and vapor pressure deficit was less than −23 mmHg during the day (about 0600–2100 hours). Our major finding confirmed microclimate thresholds for nest survival under natural conditions across the species' distribution, although Lesser Prairie-Chickens are more likely to experience microclimate conditions that result in nest failures in the Sand Shinnery Oak Prairie ecoregion. The species would benefit from identification of thermal landscapes and management actions that promote cooler, more humid nest microclimates.
Modelling thermal fluxes at the soil surface
Authors: Muñoz-Criollo José Javier , Cleall Peter John , Rees Stephen William
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates the impact that various representations of thermal fluxes at the soil surface have on the estimation of seasonal variations in temperature and stored thermal energy in the soil close to the surface. Three theoretical formulations representing turbulent, non-turbulent and vegetation-covered soil surface conditions are considered. The influence of shading from nearby objects (e.g. vegetation) has also been investigated. Numerical predictions of soil temperature and stored thermal energy are compared with experimental results from a large-scale field test (performed by others). The results of both one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations are shown to be capable of representing specific aspects of field behaviour. Various sources of meteorological data have been used to define surface boundary conditions. In particular, simulations were performed using (a) data measured on-site, (b) data obtained from the British Atmospheric Data Centre and (c) data generated using analytical expressions from the literature. It was found that correct representation of the heat transfer processes occurring at the soil surface is of critical importance. In particular, it was found that the use of publicly available sources of data, or mathematical/analytical expressions for meteorological data, may be adequate when on-site measurements are not available.