bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV associated lymphoma: latest updates from 2023 ASH annual meeting
Authors: Wang Chaoyu , Xiao Qing , Zhang Xiaomei , Liu Yao
Published: July 2024

The incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of HIV-associated lymphoma remain poorly defined compared to HIV-negative lymphoma. Currently, there are no standard guidelines for treatment of these patients. We summarized several latest reports of HIV associated lymphoma from the 2023 ASH Annual Meeting (ASH2023).
Metatranscriptomics-guided genome-scale metabolic reconstruction reveals the carbon flux and trophic interaction in methanogenic communities
Authors: Yan Weifu , Wang Dou , Wang Yubo , Wang Chunxiao , Chen Xi , Liu Lei , Wang Yulin , Li Yu-You , Kamagata Yoichi , Nobu Masaru K. , Zhang Tong
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite rapid advances in genomic-resolved metagenomics and remarkable explosion of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), the function of uncultivated anaerobic lineages and their interactions in carbon mineralization remain largely uncertain, which has profound implications in biotechnology and biogeochemistry.

Results

In this study, we combined long-read sequencing and metatranscriptomics-guided metabolic reconstruction to provide a genome-wide perspective of carbon mineralization flow from polymers to methane in an anaerobic bioreactor. Our results showed that incorporating long reads resulted in a substantial improvement in the quality of metagenomic assemblies, enabling the effective recovery of 132 high-quality genomes meeting stringent criteria of minimum information about a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG). In addition, hybrid assembly obtained 51% more prokaryotic genes in comparison to the short-read-only assembly. Metatranscriptomics-guided metabolic reconstruction unveiled the remarkable metabolic flexibility of several novel Bacteroidales-affiliated bacteria and populations from Mesotoga sp. in scavenging amino acids and sugars. In addition to recovering two circular genomes of previously known but fragmented syntrophic bacteria, two newly identified bacteria within Syntrophales were found to be highly engaged in fatty acid oxidation through syntrophic relationships with dominant methanogens Methanoregulaceae bin.74 and Methanothrix sp. bin.206. The activity of bin.206 preferring acetate as substrate exceeded that of bin.74 with increasing loading, reinforcing the substrate determinantal role.

Conclusion

Overall, our study uncovered some key active anaerobic lineages and their metabolic functions in this complex anaerobic ecosystem, offering a framework for understanding carbon transformations in anaerobic digestion. These findings advance the understanding of metabolic activities and trophic interactions between anaerobic guilds, providing foundational insights into carbon flux within both engineered and natural ecosystems.
Novel online enfacement illusion for investigating self-perception in mental disorders: an experimental study protocol
Authors: Portingale Jade , Butler David , Krug Isabel
Published: July 2024

Background

Remote research methods and interventions for mental health disorders have become increasingly important, particularly for conditions like eating disorders (EDs). Embodiment illusions, which induce feelings of ownership over another person?s body or body parts, offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying self-perception issues in EDs and potential interventions. However, existing research using these illusions has been limited to face-to-face settings. We illustrate a novel online protocol to induce the enfacement illusion (embodiment illusion principles applied to one’s face) in an ED-based sample.

Methods

Participants complete a 2-hr virtual session with a researcher. First, baseline trait/state ED psychopathology measures and a self-face recognition task occur. Second, participants experience two testing blocks of the enfacement illusion involving synchronously and asynchronously mimicking a pre-recorded actor’s facial expressions. After each block, subjective and objective enfacement illusion measures occur alongside state ED psychopathology reassessment.

Discussion

Successfully inducing enfacement illusions online could provide an affordable, accessible virtual approach to further elucidate the mechanistic role of self-perception disturbances across psychopathologies such as EDs. Moreover, this protocol may represent an innovative, remotely-delivered intervention strategy, as ‘enfacement’ over another face could update negative self-representations in a cost-effective, scalable manner.
Review on radiomic analysis in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for prediction of melanoma outcomes
Authors: Amrane Karim , Meur Coline Le , Thuillier Philippe , Berthou Christian , Uguen Arnaud , Deandreis Désirée , Bourhis David , Bourbonne Vincent , Abgral Ronan
Published: July 2024

Over the past decade, several strategies have revolutionized the clinical management of patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM), including immunotherapy and targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapies. Indeed, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), alone or in combination, represent the standard of care for patients with advanced disease without an actionable mutation. Notably BRAF combined with MEK inhibitors represent the therapeutic standard for disease disclosing BRAF mutation. At the same time, FDG PET/CT has become part of the routine staging and evaluation of patients with cutaneous melanoma. There is growing interest in using FDG PET/CT measurements to predict response to ICI therapy and/or target therapy. While semiquantitative values such as standardized uptake value (SUV) are limited for predicting outcome, new measures including tumor metabolic volume, total lesion glycolysis and radiomics seem promising as potential imaging biomarkers for nuclear medicine. The aim of this review, prepared by an interdisciplinary group of experts, is to take stock of the current literature on radiomics approaches that could improve outcomes in CM.
Beyond microroughness: novel approaches to navigate osteoblast activity on implant surfaces
Authors: Matsuura Takanori , Komatsu Keiji , Cheng James , Park Gunwoo , Ogawa Takahiro
Published: July 2024

Considering the biological activity of osteoblasts is crucial when devising new approaches to enhance the osseointegration of implant surfaces, as their behavior profoundly influences clinical outcomes. An established inverse correlation exists between osteoblast proliferation and their functional differentiation, which constrains the rapid generation of a significant amount of bone. Examining the surface morphology of implants reveals that roughened titanium surfaces facilitate rapid but thin bone formation, whereas smooth, machined surfaces promote greater volumes of bone formation albeit at a slower pace. Consequently, osteoblasts differentiate faster on roughened surfaces but at the expense of proliferation speed. Moreover, the attachment and initial spreading behavior of osteoblasts are notably compromised on microrough surfaces. This review delves into our current understanding and recent advances in nanonodular texturing, meso-scale texturing, and UV photofunctionalization as potential strategies to address the “biological dilemma” of osteoblast kinetics, aiming to improve the quality and quantity of osseointegration. We discuss how these topographical and physicochemical strategies effectively mitigate and even overcome the dichotomy of osteoblast behavior and the biological challenges posed by microrough surfaces. Indeed, surfaces modified with these strategies exhibit enhanced recruitment, attachment, spread, and proliferation of osteoblasts compared to smooth surfaces, while maintaining or amplifying the inherent advantage of cell differentiation. These technology platforms suggest promising avenues for the development of future implants.
Early detection of tuberculosis: a systematic review
Authors: Yayan Josef , Franke Karl-Josef , Berger Melanie , Windisch Wolfram , Rasche Kurt
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis remains a significant global health challenge. Tuberculosis affects millions of individuals worldwide. Early detection of tuberculosis plays a relevant role in the management of treatment of tuberculosis. This systematic review will analyze the findings of several published studies on the topic of the early detection of tuberculosis. This systematic review highlights their methodologies and limitations as well as their contributions to our understanding of this pressing issue. Early detection of tuberculosis can be achieved through tuberculosis screening for contacts. Comprehensive health education for household contacts can be used as early detection. The in-house deep learning models can be used in the X-ray used for automatic detection of tuberculosis. Interferon gamma release assay, routine passive and active case detection, portable X-ray and nucleic acid amplification testing, and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests play critical roles in improving tuberculosis detection.
Sample size calculation for data reliability and diagnostic performance: a go-to review
Authors: Monti Caterina Beatrice , Ambrogi Federico , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: July 2024

Sample size, namely the number of subjects that should be included in a study to reach the desired endpoint and statistical power, is a fundamental concept of scientific research. Indeed, sample size must be planned a priori, and tailored to the main endpoint of the study, to avoid including too many subjects, thus possibly exposing them to additional risks while also wasting time and resources, or too few subjects, failing to reach the desired purpose. We offer a simple, go-to review of methods for sample size calculation for studies concerning data reliability (repeatability/reproducibility) and diagnostic performance. For studies concerning data reliability, we considered Cohen’s κ or intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for hypothesis testing, estimation of Cohen’s κ or ICC, and Bland-Altman analyses. With regards to diagnostic performance, we considered accuracy or sensitivity/specificity versus reference standards, the comparison of diagnostic performances, and the comparisons of areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Finally, we considered the special cases of dropouts or retrospective case exclusions, multiple endpoints, lack of prior data estimates, and the selection of unusual thresholds for α and β errors. For the most frequent cases, we provide example of software freely available on the Internet.

Relevance statement Sample size calculation is a fundamental factor influencing the quality of studies on repeatability/reproducibility and diagnostic performance in radiology.

Key points

• Sample size is a concept related to precision and statistical power.

• It has ethical implications, especially when patients are exposed to risks.

• Sample size should always be calculated before starting a study.

• This review offers simple, go-to methods for sample size calculations.

Graphical Abstract
The potential of neuroscience in transforming business: a meta-analysis
Authors: Khaneja Supriya , Arora Tushar
Published: July 2024

Organizations that embrace innovative business strategies position themselves well for success. In this evolving technological landscape, businesses are increasingly focused on understanding consumer behaviors and preferences to tailor their products and services effectively. Notably, integrating neuroscience has become pivotal in achieving these goals, requiring its incorporation throughout various business processes. This comprehensive research review conducts a meta-analysis, synthesizing findings from numerous studies on applying neuroscience across diverse business domains. The primary objective is to identify innovative neuroscience approaches that can significantly revolutionize businesses. Through a meticulous literature exploration using PRISMA analysis, we discerned broad themes and further refined them into critical sub-themes. This thematic categorization enables a focused examination of each area of business research. The findings in this study uncovered vital intersections between neuroscience and business, offering valuable insights for corporations and researchers. In essence, the integration of neuroscientific techniques and artificial intelligence (AI)-based softwares into business practices is no longer optional, but a necessity for businesses to stay competitive in today’s fast-paced world. This study, therefore, plays a crucial role in connecting the state-of-the-art tools and techniques in neuroscience and traditional business practices. It paves the way for a new era of business operations, where science and technology work hand in hand with commerce to create a more prosperous and sustainable future. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the importance of incorporating neuroscience techniques and newly developed AI-based softwares into business practices. This integration can yield precise and favorable outcomes, offering businesses the tools to thrive in an ever-changing market environment.
Shale anisotropic rock-physics model incorporating the effect of compaction and nonplate mixtures on clay preferred orientation
Authors: Luo Kun , Zong Zhaoyun , Yin Xingyao , Ji Lixiang , Yang Yaming
Published: July 2024

Compared with other sedimentary rocks, the strong elastic anisotropy of shale is extremely prominent, which is mainly caused by the preferred orientation and platy nature of its clay minerals. Especially in seismic reservoir characterization, a suitable and correct estimation of the shale elastic anisotropy can improve the accuracy of the shale seismic inversion and prediction. Due to the long-term compaction of shale and the rearrangement of minerals, its microstructure and macrostructure are more complex, resulting in obvious anisotropic characteristics of shale. Existing methods do not incorporate the impact of nonplate particles on clay platelets, or indirectly incorporate it through empirical formulas, resulting in poor applicability and errors in the rock-physics models. To reveal the main causes of the anisotropy of clay minerals, a theoretical model incorporating the effect of compaction and nonplate particles on the preferred orientation of clay platelets is developed using experimental data and electronic scanning results. Based on theoretical analysis, an orientation distribution function (ODF) based on the effect of compaction and nonplate particles is derived, which not only incorporates the influence of compaction but also further incorporates the effect of other nonplate particles, such as quartz, which makes the established shale anisotropic rock-physics model more reasonable and accurate. Then, an improved anisotropic shale rock-physics model is developed using the compaction and nonplate particles-based ODF. The prediction results indicate that the presence of nonplate particles has an inhibitory effect on the preferred orientation of clay platelets, which is verified by the measured experimental data and indicates that our method is reliable and effective.
CLAMP: A phase II prospective study of camrelizumab combined with pegaspargase, etoposide, and high-dose methotrexate in patients with natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma.
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Qiuhui , Mao Xia , Zhou Haibo , Dong Youhong , Zhu Fang , Liu Xinxiu , Wu Gang , Xiao Min , Zhang Liling
Published: July 2024

7002

Background: Immune checkpoint blockades have been investigated and show promising results in natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) patients. This study explored the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab, a PD-1 monoclonal antibody, combined with pegaspargase, etoposide, and high-dose methotrexate (CLAMP) in the treatment of NKTCL patients. Methods: This single-arm, phase 2 study enrolled patients with NKTCL. Patients were divided into two groups: group A, early-stage (Ann Arbor staging I/II) patients; group B, advanced-stage (Ann Arbor staging III/IV) and RR patients. Group A received involved-field radiotherapy combined with 3-4 cycles of CLAMP treatment. Group B received 6 cycles of CLAMP treatment. CLAMP regimen was administrated as follows: pegaspargase 2500 U/m2 d1, etoposide 100 mg/m2 per day d1-3, HD-MTX 3 g/m2 d4, camrelizumab 200 mg d7. Results: A total of 41 patients, including 36 newly diagnosed and 5 relapsed NKTCL, were enrolled in this study from July 2020 to December 2022. 14 patients presented with high-risk central nervous system (CNS) infiltration with 2-4 risk factors of the NKPI (Ann Arbor stage III or IV, presence of B symptoms, regional lymph node involvement, elevated lactate dehydrogenase). One patient had complied hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). On treatment completion, the overall cohort showed a complete remission (CR) rate of 87.80% (36/41) and a partial remission (PR) rate of 7.32% (3/41), giving an overall response rate (ORR) of 95.12% (39/41). The ORR for group A patients was 100% (19/19) and 90.91% (20/22) for group B patients; only 2 patients in group B progressed during the treatment. The patient with HLH obtained CR and was disease-free for more than 12 months. No patients developed HLH or CNS involvement during the follow-up period. At a median follow-up of 21 months, 5 patients (12.20%) died; among them, 3 patients died of disease progression, and 2 patients died of infection unrelated to treatment. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates for the whole cohort were 72.81% and 88.03%, respectively. The 2-year PFS rates for group A and group B were 91.67% and 53.83%, respectively. The 2-year OS rates for group A and group B were 91.67% and 77.53%, respectively. Hematologic toxicity was common, yet nonhematologic toxicity was mild and could be well controlled by supportive treatments, except 2 patients had delayed methotrexate metabolism and received dialysis. No treatment-related death was observed. Conclusions: The CLAMP regimen is effective and safe and seems to reduce the incidence of CNS involvement and HLH. The CLAMP regimen may be a promising option in the treatment of NKTCL lymphoma. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2100051208.
Phase I trial of CRD3874-SI, a systemically administered STING agonist, in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Kelly Ciara Marie , Avutu Viswatej , Banks Lauren Baker , Chan Jason Earl , Chi Ping , Clark Camron , Counihan Olivia , Dickson Mark Andrew , Gounder Mrinal M. , Keohan Mary Louise , Maki Robert G. , Movva Sujana , Reed Damon R. , Rosenbaum Evan , Szostek Anna , Qin Li-Xuan , Wong Phillip , Tap William D. , D'Angelo Sandra P.
Published: July 2024

TPS2690

Background: Identifying novel approaches that harness and augment anti-tumor immune responses represents an important area of ongoing research and drug development. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic protein receptor that acts as an innate immune mediator by generating protective type 1 interferons when cytosolic DNA is detected in cells. STING also channels protons across golgi membranes promoting autophagy and pyroptosis. CRD3874-SI is a first in class small molecule allosteric STING agonist and potent activator of all five human STING variants that promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines from downstream interferon genes. It has demonstrated promising pre-clinical anti-cancer activity in several tumor mouse models. CRD3874-SI demonstrated high levels of systemic safety in cynomolgus monkeys, thought to be related to its ability to inhibit STING proton channel activity. Methods: This is a single institution, phase 1a/b study of CRD3874-SI in patients with advanced sarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma who have received at least one line of prior therapy. The dose escalation phase will explore the safety and tolerability of CRD3874-SI across 6 dose levels following a standard 3+3 design. Dose expansion in subtype specific sarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma is planned on completion of the dose escalation phase of the study. CRD3874-SI will be administered by intravenous infusion once per week for 2 cycles. From cycle 3 onwards, participants will receive three consecutive weekly infusions followed by one week break, over a 28-day treatment cycle. The primary objective is to assess the safety and tolerability of CRD3874-SI by determining the maximum tolerated dose, recommended phase 2 dose and schedule of administration. Secondary objectives include further defining the safety profile, examining the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (CXCL10 analysis) of CRD3874-SI and evaluating the efficacy of CRD3874-SI as determined by best objective response rate and clinical benefit rate per RECIST v 1.1. Treatment will continue for up 6 cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Cross sectional imaging will be used to measure clinical activity. Adverse events will be evaluated using NCI-CTCAE v5.0 criteria. This study is currently open to enrollment and dosing has commenced. Clinical trial information: NCT06021626 .
Multistaged Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Complex Large Lobar Arteriovenous Malformations: A Case Series
Authors: Yurtluk Mehmet Denizhan , Bin-Alamer Othman , Flickinger John C. , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G. , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has well defined outcomes in the management of smaller-volume arteriovenous malformations (AVM), this report evaluates the outcomes when SRS is used for large-volume (≥10 cc) lobar AVMs.

METHODS:

Between 1990 and 2022, a cohort of 1325 patients underwent Leksell Gamma Knife SRS for brain AVMs. Among these, 40 patients (25 women; median age: 37 years) with large lobar AVMs underwent volume-staged SRS followed by additional SRS procedures if needed (2-5 procedures). The patients presented with diverse AVM locations and Spetzler-Martin Grades. Before SRS, 16 patients underwent a total of 43 embolization procedures.

RESULTS:

Over a median follow-up of 73 months, 20 patients achieved AVM obliteration. The 3, 5, and 10-year obliteration rates were 9.3%, 15.3%, and 53.3%, respectively. During the latency interval between the first SRS procedure and the last follow-up, 11 patients had intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and 6 developed new neurological deficits unrelated to ICH. The postoperative hemorrhage risk after the first SRS was 13.8% at 3 years, 16.6% at 5 years, and 36.2% at 10 years. No hemorrhagic event was documented after confirmed obliteration. Compared with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores before SRS, the mRS improved or remained stable in 28 patients. Nine patients died during the observation interval. Five were related to ICH.

CONCLUSION:

These outcomes underscore both the potential effectiveness and the limitations of multistage SRS procedures for complex high-risk large volume AVMs in critical brain lobar locations. Most patients retained either stable or improved long-term mRS scores. During the latency interval from the first SRS until obliteration, achieved after two or more procedures, the risk of hemorrhage and treatment-related complications persists.
Comparative Anatomy of the Contralateral Transmaxillary Approach Alone and With Ipsilateral Transpterygoid Extension: Quantitative Insights on Surgical Exposure and Maneuverability in the Petroclival Region
Authors: Gattozzi Domenico A. , Hosokawa Patrick W. , Martinez-Perez Rafael , Youssef A. Samy
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Beyond qualitative evidence legitimizing endoscopic corridors through contralateral transmaxillary (CTM) and endonasal ipsilateral transpterygoid (ITP) corridors to the petrous apex and petroclival region, surgical feasibility by direct quantitative comparative anatomy is sparse. Our cadaveric study addresses this by performing the CTM approach followed by ITP extension to quantify the extent of petrous apex resection, instrument maneuverability, and working distance to petrous apex.

METHODS:

Anatomic dissections were performed bilaterally on 5 latex-injected human cadaveric heads (10 petrous bones). After CTM dissections were quantified, the ITP approach was added enlarging initial exposure. Differences were measured with statistical significance when P values are < .05.

RESULTS:

The mean petrosectomy volume was 0.958 cm3 with CTM and 1.987 cm3 with CTM + ITP, corresponding to 14.53% and 30.52% petrous apex resection, respectively. Craniocaudal instrument mobility was more limited in the lateral extent of dissection compared with the midline for both CTM (8.062° vs 14.416°) and CTM + ITP (5.4° vs 14.4°). The CTM approach achieved the lateral-most dissection at the body of the petrous apex (15.936 mm), with lateralization more limited in the superior petroclival region (9.628 mm) and the inferior petroclival region (8.508 mm). Angle of surgical maneuverability increased superiorly vs inferiorly in the CTM approach (mean 12.596° vs 8.336°, respectively). The CTM approach offered the shortest mean working distance (88.624 mm) to the petroclival region compared with the bi-nares approach (100.5 mm). CTM + ITP achieved greater lateralization in the superior (21.237 mm) and inferior (22.087 mm) aspects of the petroclival region compared with the CTM approach.

CONCLUSION:

Operative considerations are discussed in accessing target neurovascular structures through the uniquely shaped corridors formed by the CTM or combined CTM + ITP. Allowing mobilization of the internal carotid artery laterally and eustachian tube inferiorly, addition of the ITP allowed for larger petrosectomy than CTM alone, especially in the inferior and lateral aspects of the petrous bone.
The Endoscopic Transorbital Approach for Vascular Surgery: An Anterior Circulation Anatomic Study, 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Plata-Bello Julio , Mosteiro-Cadaval Alejandra , Manfrellotti Roberto , Torné Ramón , Perelló Maria Antonia , Prats-Galino Alberto , Di Somma Alberto , Enseñat Joaquim
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches in cranial base surgery have been developing in the past decades. The transorbital (TO) route is one promising alternative, yet its adequacy for intracranial vascular lesions remains unclear. The present anatomic work aimed to test the feasibility and to provide a qualitative description of the endoscopic TO approach for the anterior circulation, namely the internal carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery.

METHODS:

Seven embalmed adult cadaveric specimens (12 sides) were used in the study. Each side was approached in 3 successive steps: (1) Superior-eyelid TO approach, with great and lesser sphenoid wing removal. (2) Removal of anterior clinoid process (ACP). (3) Removal of the lateral orbital rim. All the procedures were performed under endoscopic view.

RESULTS:

The TO approach without removing the ACP allowed to dissect the sphenoidal and lateral segments of the Sylvian fissure with an adequate identification of the middle cerebral artery bifurcation in all specimens. The removal of the ACP allowed further dissection toward the opticocarotid cistern, with the identification of the ophthalmic, posterior communicating, and the anterior choroidal arteries. The internal carotid artery bifurcation and A1 segment were also readily identified. Finally, removal of the lateral orbital rim provided a wider and more comfortable access to the above-mentioned vascular structures.

CONCLUSION:

According to our anatomic data, the TO approach can be used to reach the main vascular components of the anterior circulation. This opens the field for exploring its application in the treatment of vascular pathology, particularly aneurysms.
Hot But Not Cold Water Immersion Mitigates the Decline in Rate of Force Development Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: BENOÎT SAUTILLET , NICOLAS BOURDILLON , GRÉGOIRE MILLET P. , FRANÇOIS BILLAUT , ABDELLAH HASSAR , HICHAM MOUFTI , SAÏD AHMAÏDI , GUILLAUME COSTALAT
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the guidelines for recovery protocols involving heat or cold water immersion. However, comparison between the effects of hot and cold water immersion on key markers of neuromuscular recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is lacking.

Methods

Thirty physically active males completed an individualized and tailored EIMD protocol immediately followed by one of the following recovery interventions: cold water immersion (11°C, CWI11), hot water immersion (41°C, HWI41), or warm-bath control (36°C, CON36). Gastrointestinal temperature was tracked throughout HWI41. Knee extensors’ maximal isokinetic strength (peak torque (T
peak)) and explosive strength (late-phase rate of force development (RFD100–200)) were measured before EIMD (pre-), 24 h (post-24 h), and 48 h (post-48 h) post-EIMD. In addition, pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured to quantify the recovery from muscle soreness. Surface electromyography signals (sEMG) from the vastus lateralis were captured to extract the rates of electromyography rise (REMGR) and the spectral power in the low-frequency band.

Results

At post-48 h, T
peak returned to baseline values following both CWI11 (−8.3% ± 6.8%, P = 0.079) and HWI41 (−1.4% ± 4.1%, P = 1). In contrast, RFD100–200 (−2.3% ± 29.3%, P = 1) and PPT (+5.6% ± 14.6%, P = 1) returned to baseline values at post-48 h only following HWI41. Spectral analysis of the sEMG signal revealed that the low-frequency band was significantly increased following CWI11 (+9.0% ± 0.52%, P = 0.012). REMGR was unchanged regardless of the condition (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

A single session of HWI41, rather than CWI11, improved the recovery of the late-phase rate of force development following EIMD in physically active males. This suggests that in athletic contexts where a rapid force development is a key performance determinant, hot bath should be preferred over cold bath.
A critical discussion of the development of anxiety disorders explained by biological and psychological risk factors
Authors: Ferhati Eva , Thomas George , Louka Penelope , Pilafas Georgios
Published: July 2024

The present article provides an overview of the etiology of anxiety disorders, focusing on the interplay between biological and psychological factors. Based on the global literature the prevalence of anxiety disorders affects approximately 29% of the global population. What is more, anxiety disorders can be chronic, and thus they may lead and comorbid with several mental health issues. Although genetic factors are likely to play a key role in the development of anxiety disorders, studies show that there is also an intrigued interplay between genetic and environmental factors. A specific genetic factor that has risen a great deal of attention is the serotonin-transporter-linked gene promoter region (5HTTLPR), as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis since studies discuss that the biological pathway of the stress system is also implicated in anxiety disorders. On the other hand, factors such as a stressful lifestyle and childhood maltreatment may interact negatively with genetic vulnerability to increase the risk of developing the disorders in question. For instance, parenting styles have been associated with childhood anxiety disorders in literature, including the quality of parent-child attachment, adverse and traumatic experiences. On the whole, anxiety disorders are quite complex and it is quite likely that they are influenced by a combination of biological and psychological factors. There is indeed, a clear need for further research to better understand the interplay between all factors and thus to develop effective prevention and early intervention strategies against the development of anxiety disorders.
The case of "Nature-Deficit Disorder" (NDD) and its complications in the absence of a Universally Reliable and Valid Self-Reported Tool
Authors: Pilafas Georgios , Chanioti Maria , Louka Penelope
Published: July 2024

The present letter to the editors presents the debate over the condition of ‘Nature-Deficit Disorder’ (NDD) and it aims to communicate to the scientific community the need for the creation of valid and reliable tools that would serve in future studies as measures of the condition.
Suitability, usability and safety of fully immersive Virtual Reality applications for motor and cognitive rehabilitation in stroke patients preliminary data.
Authors: Roussou Georgia , Despoti Akylina , Patsaki Irini , Tzoumi Dimitra , Leventakis Nikolaos , Dimitriadi Nefeli , Papathanasiou Argyro , Alexandropoulou Anna , Nanas Serafeim , Karatzanos Eleftherios
Published: July 2024

Background: The use of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) in stroke rehabilitation appears to be promising for the improvement of motor and cognitive functions.
Methods: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the suitability, usability and safety of VR applications that combine motor and cognitive training. Patients suffering from stroke in a subacute phase, and with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥18/30, participated in the study. In the context of the REACT project, two IVR applications were designed and created, combining the use of motor and cognitive skills. Full immersion was achieved using the Head Mounted Display (HMD) Oculus Rift S. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks. The Suitability Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) was used for measurements. Values are expressed in the median      (25th-75th percentile).
Results: Four patients [age: 64.5(61.0-69.5) years, gender:1 female / 3 male] in the 3rd-14th week of rehabilitation were finally included. Overall, the patient's      SEQ score was 61(55-63). No adverse effects were reported, only one patient reported mild      confusion 5.0(4.8-5.0) in one assessment. No differences were found in the comparison between first and second evaluation [61(58-62) vs 61(48-64), p>0.05].
Conclusions: The primary results of this study show that the equipment is usable, safe, and suitable for use in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke in the early stages of rehabilitation. However, more large-scale studies are needed to investigate the validity and effects of VR applications in the neurorehabilitation of various disorders.
The effects of the Dark Tetrad of personality by gender on animal abuse: A moderation analysis
Authors: Faratzi Aikaterini , Konstantinos Christos Daoultzis  , Georgios Pilafas  , Peny Louka
Published: July 2024

Background: The field of psychology has classified negative and antisocial behaviors in humans under the term "Dark Tetrad," which includes Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism. Numerous studies have provided evidence of a significant association between the Dark Tetrad traits and both human maltreatment and violent behaviors. Among these violent behaviors, animal abuse is a prevalent form that has been shown to predict other types of abuse. The present study aims to investigate the connection between the Dark Tetrad traits and animal abuse, while also examining the potential moderating effect of gender.
Method: A total of 243 participants, consisting of 106 men (43.6%) and 137 women (56.4%) and ranging in age from 18 to 55, Greeks living in Greece, were recruited for this study. Data collection was conducted online, where participants provided their demographic information and completed two scales: the Dark Tetrad scale and the animal abuse scale.
Results: The findings of the study revealed a significant association between all Dark Tetrad traits and animal abuse, which supports previous research. Furthermore, the analysis showcased a moderating influence of gender, whereby the three Dark Tetrad traits (Narcissism, Psychopathy, Sadism) exhibited a stronger predictive effect on animal abuse for men compared to women.
Conclusion: The study concludes that all Dark Tetrad traits can predict animal abuse, especially in men, except Machiavellianism, which does not show significant gender differences. Future research should consider controlling the confounding effects of domestic violence and investigate the indirect impact of the Dark Tetrad traits on such behaviors.
Η σύνθεση σε ιδιώματα της Φθιώτιδας
Authors: Τσουκνίδας Γεώργιος , Χαιρετάκης Γεώργιος
Published: July 2024

This paper offers a description and analysis of the morphological process of compounding of the dialectal varieties spoken in the regional unit of Phthiotis, (Central Greece). Our study focuses on a wide range of topics related to compounding, such as the grammatical categories of the compounds and their constituents, exocentricity, structural patterns, the degree of semantic transparency and the grammatical relation of the constituents. The findings of our research derive mainly from seven manuscripts with transcription of continuous speech (deposited by G. Tsouknidas at the Archive of Manuscripts of the Research Center for Modern Greek Dialects - Historical Dictionary of Modern Greek of the Academy of Athens). For our analysis, we adopt the theoretical model of Ralli [2005] 2022, 2008, 2013, which has proved fruitful in providing a satisfactory analysis of the compounding process in Standard Modern Greek and its dialects (see, e.g. Andreou 2014, Chairetakis & Ralli 2022, Ralli & Chairetakis to appear).
SGLT-2 inhibitors in heart failure: a literature review on mechanisms, efficacy and safety
Authors: Kułak Klaudia , Chamera-Cyrek Katarzyna , Janik Izabela , Kuśmierska Martyna , Koman Anna , Pliszka Marzena , Gadżała Katarzyna , Palacz Karolina , Sztybór Izabela , Przygodzka Sabina
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors), known as flozins, are a recent class of medications gaining recognition for their effectiveness in diabetes, cardiovascular health, and heart failure management. The objective of this study is to examine and integrate recent literature concerning the mechanisms, effectiveness, and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in managing heart failure.
Material and Methods of Research: A literature review focused on keywords related to the topic was performed using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar.
Results: SGLT-2 inhibitors, initially developed for type 2 diabetes, significantly benefit heart failure (HF) with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved ejection fractions by improving various cardiac outcomes. These drugs lower glucose levels and promote osmotic diuresis, natriuresis, and favorable metabolic effects, reducing cardiac preload and afterload. Consequently, SGLT-2 inhibitors are now pivotal in HF treatment, enhancing cardiac efficiency and reducing HF-related hospitalizations and mortality.
Conclusion: SGLT-2 inhibitors substantially decrease cardiovascular risk and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with or without type 2 diabetes, making them crucial in HF management. Consequently, SGLT-2 inhibitors should be considered first-line therapy for heart failure, regardless of concurrent medications, due to their efficacy and comprehensive benefits in managing this condition.
SIBO in pediatric population: literature review on pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Opatowska Martyna , Gmitrzuk Julita , Malinka Zuzanna , Wiśniewska Katarzyna , Jachymek Anna , Jakubiec Joanna , Kucharski Tomasz , Piotrowska Marta
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
SIBO is a condition characterized by bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine which is caused by various factors. The excessively proliferated bacteria can lead to digestive disturbances- manifesting as gastrointestinal symptoms and malabsorption. In pediatric patients, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth can also result in growth retardation. Due to many challenges related to the diagnosis and treatment of children- this condition should be well known by pediatric healthcare providers.
Aim of the study:
This study aims to summarizes the recent knowledge about the pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and the treatment of small intestine bacterial overgrowth in pediatric population, providing an overview for healthcare professionals.
Material and methods:
The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: „SIBO”, „Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth”, ,, „SIBO in pediatric population”, „Endoscopy in children”, „SIBO treatment”
Conclusion:
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a complex disorder that can have a significant influence on the quality of life of pediatric patients. The variety of symptoms of this syndrome can lead to confusing clinical findings. The diagnostic pathway consists of a clinical evaluation and specific tests, to verify the presence of bacterial overgrowth. Effective treatment involves modifying the intestinal microbiota - mostly through antibiotic therapy - and supplementing nutritional deficiencies. Probiotics and dietary modifications, such as low-FODMAP diets, are often used as adjunctive therapies.
Navigating Platform-Led Affiliate Marketing: Implications for Content Creation and Platform Profitability
Authors: Gu Meilin , Liu Dengpan , Kumar Subodha
Published: July 2024

Practice- and Policy-Oriented Abstract

Recently, some user-generated content (UGC) platforms have introduced shopping features to generate additional commission-based revenue from in-app transactions. These platforms allow creators to produce shoppable content, where promoted products are tagged with affiliate links, and in return, they earn a percentage of the commission the creators receive from merchants This paper aims to investigate the impact of this platform-led affiliate marketing business model on the key stakeholders. Employing a game-theoretic model, our study demonstrates that platform-led affiliate marketing can create a win-win situation for UGC platforms, creators participating in affiliate marketing, and consumers. Furthermore, even creators not participating in affiliate marketing can sometimes benefit indirectly from other creators’ participation. However, we find that platforms may not necessarily benefit from adopting this emerging business model because of potential losses in traffic revenue. These results carry significant managerial implications for platforms regarding whether and how to leverage affiliate marketing. Moreover, our findings suggest that creators may benefit from reducing their production efforts in the face of intensified competition. More importantly, optimal production decisions for creators can vary significantly, depending on specific factors contributing to heightened competition. These findings offer valuable insights that can guide creators in refining their production strategies.
Changing learning through LEGO play: a passage to critical reflection?
Authors: Flynn Paloma
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this case study was to explore if LEGO SERIOUS PLAY (LSP) could be an effective tool in reflective practice for undergraduate Health and Social Care Higher National Diploma students. This action research study commenced in September, 2022, and was conducted at the University of Bolton during the first semester of the ‘Principles of care’ module. A large percentage of the students that participated in the class activity were healthcare assistants that were working in hospital and community settings. Findings from this study suggested that investigation of play using LSP improves students' ability to reflect upon past experiences, which may subsequent enhance their capacity for reflective practice.
Correlation and predictive value of pathological complete response and ultrasound characteristic parameters in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast
Authors: Zheng Lei , Yang Li-Xian , Liu Jing-Yi , Jiang Zhe , Li Xiao-Wei , Pu Peng-Peng
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignant tumors among women, significantly endangering their health and lives. While radical surgery has been a pivotal method for halting disease progression, it alone is insufficient for enhancing the quality of life for patients.

AIM

To investigate the correlation between ultrasound characteristic parameters of breast cancer lesions and clinical efficacy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

METHODS

Employing a case-control study design, this research involved 178 breast cancer patients treated with NAC at our hospital from July 2019 to June 2022. According to the Miller-Payne grading system, the pathological response, i.e. efficacy, of the NAC in the initial breast lesion after NAC was evaluated. Of these, 59 patients achieved a pathological complete response (PCR), while 119 did not (non-PCR group). Ultrasound characteristics prior to NAC were compared between these groups, and the association of various factors with NAC efficacy was analyzed using univariate and multivariate approaches.

RESULTS

In the PCR group, the incidence of posterior echo attenuation, lesion diameter ≥ 2.0 cm, and Alder blood flow grade ≥ II were significantly lower compared to the non-PCR group (P < 0.05). The area under the curve values for predicting NAC efficacy using posterior echo attenuation, lesion diameter, and Alder grade were 0.604, 0.603, and 0.583, respectively. Also, rates of pathological stage II, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and positive Ki-67 expression were significantly lower in the PCR group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified posterior echo attenuation, lesion diameter ≥ 2.0 cm, Alder blood flow grade ≥ II, pathological stage III, vascular invasion, and positive Ki-67 expression as independent predictors of poor response to NAC in breast cancer patients (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

While ultrasound characteristics such as posterior echo attenuation, lesion diameter ≥ 2.0 cm, and Alder blood flow grade ≥ II exhibit limited predictive value for NAC efficacy, they are significantly associated with poor response to NAC in breast cancer patients.
Effects of pulmonary surfactant combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Shi Ze-Ning , Zhang Xin , Du Chun-Yuan , Zhao Bing , Liu Shu-Gang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is one of the most common diseases in neonatal intensive care units, with an incidence rate of about 7% among infants. Additionally, it is a leading cause of neonatal death in hospitals in China. The main mechanism of the disease is hypoxemia and hypercapnia caused by lack of surfactant

AIM

To explore the effect of pulmonary surfactant (PS) combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on keratin-14 (KRT-14) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in peripheral blood and the effectiveness in treating NRDS.

METHODS

Altogether 137 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome treated in our hospital from April 2019 to July 2021 were included. Of these, 64 control cases were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and 73 observation cases were treated with PS combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. The expression of KRT-14 and ET-1 in the two groups was compared. The deaths, complications, and PaO2, PaCO2, and PaO2/FiO2 blood gas indexes in the two groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of KRT-14 and ET-1 in the treatment of NRDS.

RESULTS

The observation group had a significantly higher effectiveness rate than the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of neonatal mortality and adverse reactions, such as bronchial dysplasia, cyanosis, and shortness of breath. After treatment, the levels of PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment, while the level of PaCO2 was significantly lower. After treatment, the observation group had significantly higher levels of PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 than the control group, while PaCO2 was notably lower in the observation group. After treatment, the KRT-14 and ET-1 levels in both groups were significantly decreased compared with the pre-treatment levels. The observation group had a reduction of KRT-14 and ET-1 levels than the control group. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of KRT-14 was 0.791, and the AUC of ET-1 was 0.816.

CONCLUSION

Combining PS with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation significantly improved the effectiveness of NRDS therapy. KRT-14 and ET-1 levels may have potential as therapeutic and diagnostic indicators.