bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Arctic and Antarctic Sea-Ice Area Index Records versus Measured and Modeled Temperature Data
Authors: Scafetta Nicola , Mazzarella Adriano
Published: July 2015

Here we study the Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice area records provided by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). These records reveal an opposite climatic behavior: since 1978 the Arctic sea-ice area index decreased, that is, the region has warmed, while the Antarctic sea-ice area index increased, that is, the region has cooled. During the last 7 years the Arctic sea-ice area has stabilized while the Antarctic sea-ice area has increased at a rate significantly higher than during the previous decades; that is, the sea-ice area of both regions has experienced a positive acceleration. This result is quite robust because it is confirmed by alternative temperature climate indices of the same regions. We also found that a significant 4-5-year natural oscillation characterizes the climate of these sea-ice polar areas. On the contrary, we found that the CMIP5 general circulation models have predicted significant warming in both polar sea regions and failed to reproduce the strong 4-5-year oscillation. Because the CMIP5 GCM simulations are inconsistent with the observations, we suggest that important natural mechanisms of climate change are missing in the models.
Thermophysical Property Estimation by Transient Experiments: The Effect of a Biased Initial Temperature Distribution
Authors: Scarpa Federico , Tagliafico Luca A.
Published: July 2015

The identification of thermophysical properties of materials in dynamic experiments can be conveniently performed by the inverse solution of the associated heat conduction problem (IHCP). The inverse technique demands the knowledge of the initial temperature distribution within the material. As only a limited number of temperature sensors (or no sensor at all) are arranged inside the test specimen, the knowledge of the initial temperature distribution is affected by some uncertainty. This uncertainty, together with other possible sources of bias in the experimental procedure, will propagate in the estimation process and the accuracy of the reconstructed thermophysical property values could deteriorate. In this work the effect on the estimated thermophysical properties due to errors in the initial temperature distribution is investigated along with a practical method to quantify this effect. Furthermore, a technique for compensating this kind of bias is proposed. The method consists in including the initial temperature distribution among the unknown functions to be estimated. In this way the effect of the initial bias is removed and the accuracy of the identified thermophysical property values is highly improved.
Beyond Culture and Language: Access to Diabetes Preventive Health Services among Somali Women in Norway
Authors: Gele Abdi A. , Torheim Liv Elin , Pettersen Kjell Sverre , Kumar Bernadette
Published: July 2015

Despite the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in some immigrant and refugee communities in Norway, there is very little information available on their utilization of diabetes prevention interventions, particularly for women from Somali immigrant communities. A qualitative study of 30 Somali immigrant women aged 25 years and over was carried out in the Oslo area. Unstructured interviews were used to explore women’s knowledge of diabetes, their access to preventive health facilities, and factors impeding their reception of preventive health programs targeted for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The study participants were found to have a good knowledge of diabetes. They knew that a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet are among the risk factors for diabetes. Regardless of their knowledge, participants reported a sedentary lifestyle accompanied with the consumption of an unhealthy diet. This was attributed to a lack of access to tailored physical activity services and poor access to health information. Considering gender-exclusive training facilities for Somali immigrant women and others with similar needs, in addition to access to tailored health information on diet, may encourage Somali women to adopt a healthy lifestyle, and it will definitely contribute to a national strategy for the prevention of diabetes.
Microbiome and Asthma: What Have Experimental Models Already Taught Us?
Authors: Bonamichi-Santos R. , Aun M. V. , Agondi R. C. , Kalil J. , Giavina-Bianchi P.
Published: July 2015

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that imposes a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the community. Although many aspects of the pathogenesis of classical allergic asthma are well known by the scientific community, other points are not yet understood. Experimental asthma models, particularly murine models, have been used for over 100 years in order to better understand the immunopathology of asthma. It has been shown that human microbiome is an important component in the development of the immune system. Furthermore, the occurrence of many inflammatory diseases is influenced by the presence of microbes. Again, experimental models of asthma have helped researchers to understand the relationship between the microbiome and respiratory inflammation. In this review, we discuss the evolution of murine models of asthma and approach the major studies involving the microbiome and asthma.
A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen: Perforation of Double Meckel’s Diverticulum
Authors: Tas İlhan , Culcu Serdar , Duzkoylu Yigit , Eryilmaz Sadik , Deniz Mehmet Mehdi , Yilmaz Deniz
Published: July 2015

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. In this report, we aimed to represent a case of intestinal perforation, caused by double Meckel’s diverticulum, which is a very rare entity in surgical practice. The patient was a 20-year-old Caucasian man, admitted to hospital with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomitting during the last 3 days. Physical examination indicated tenderness, rebound, and guarding in the right lower quadrant of abdomen. Abdominal X-ray revealed a few air-liquid levels in the left upper quadrant. In the operation, 2 Meckel’s diverticula were observed, one at the antimesenteric side, at 70 cm distance to the ileocecal valve, approximately in 3 cm size, and the other between the mesenteric and antimesenteric sides, approximately in 5 cm size. The first one had been perforated at the tip and wrapped with omentum. A 30 cm ileal resection, including both diverticula with end-to-end anastomosis, was performed. The diagnosis of symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum is considerably hard, especially when it is complicated. Diverticulectomy or segmentary resections are therapeutic options. In patients with acute abdomen clinic, Meckel’s diverticulum and its complications should be kept in mind, and the intestines should be observed for an extra diverticulum for caution although it is a very rare condition.
Clinical Applications of Natriuretic Peptides in Assessment of Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Ahmed Vaseem , Garg Aakash , Aggarwal Chirag
Published: July 2015

Biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides (NPs) have evolving clinical utility beyond the scope of heart failure. The role of NPs in the management of valvular heart disease is a growing area of investigation. NPs have much potential in the assessment of asymptomatic patients with hemodynamically significant valvular lesions who have traditionally been excluded from consideration of surgical intervention. NPs also have a role in the risk stratification of these patients as well as in routine surveillance and monitoring. Together with echocardiographic data and functional status, NPs are being incorporated into the management of valvular heart disease. In this review we examine the evidence for the role of natriuretic peptides in assessment of VHD.
Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Symptomatic Breast Cancer Awareness despite a Recent Screen: The Role of Tumor Biology and Mammography Facility Characteristics
Authors: Mortel Mylove , Rauscher Garth H. , Murphy Anne Marie , Hoskins Kent , Warnecke Richard B.
Published: July 2015

Background: In a racially and ethnically diverse sample of recently diagnosed urban patients with breast cancer, we examined associations of patient, tumor biology, and mammography facility characteristics on the probability of symptomatic discovery of their breast cancer despite a recent prior screening mammogram.

Methods: In the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study, self-reports at interview were used to define patients as having a screen-detected breast cancer or having symptomatic awareness despite a recent screening mammogram (SADRS), in the past 1 or 2 years. Patients with symptomatic breast cancer who did not report a recent prior screen were excluded from these analyses. Characteristics associated with more aggressive disease [estrogen receptor (ER)– and progesterone receptor (PR)–negative status and higher tumor grade] were abstracted from medical records. Mammogram facility characteristics that might indicate aspects of screening quality were defined and controlled for in some analyses.

Results: SADRS was more common among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic than among non-Hispanic white patients (36% and 42% vs. 25%, respectively, P = 0.0004). SADRS was associated with ER/PR-negative and higher-grade disease. Patients screened at sites that relied on dedicated radiologists and sites that were breast imaging centers of excellence were less likely to report SADRS. Tumor and facility factors together accounted for two thirds of the disparity in SADRS (proportion mediated = 70%, P = 0.02).

Conclusion: Facility resources and tumor aggressiveness explain much of the racial/ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer among recently screened patients.

Impact: A more equitable distribution of high-quality screening would ameliorate but not eliminate this disparity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1599–606. ©2015 AACR.
Serum C-Telopeptide Collagen Crosslinks and Plasma Soluble VEGFR2 as Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers in a Trial of Sequentially Administered Sunitinib and Cilengitide
Authors: O'Donnell Peter H. , Karovic Sanja , Karrison Theodore G. , Janisch Linda , Levine Matthew R. , Harris Pamela J. , Polite Blase N. , Cohen Ezra E.W. , Fleming Gini F. , Ratain Mark J. , Maitland Michael L.
Published: July 2015

Purpose: Fit-for-purpose pharmacodynamic biomarkers could expedite development of combination antiangiogenic regimens. Plasma sVEGFR2 concentrations ([sVEGFR2]) mark sunitinib effects on the systemic vasculature. We hypothesized that cilengitide would impair microvasculature recovery during sunitinib withdrawal and could be detected through changes in [sVEGFR2].

Experimental Design: Advanced solid tumor patients received 50 mg sunitinib daily for 14 days. For the next 14 days, patients were randomized to arm A (cilengitide 2,000 mg administered intravenously twice weekly) or arm B (no treatment). The primary endpoint was change in [sVEGFR2] between days 14 and 28. A candidate pharmacodynamic biomarker of cilengitide inhibition of integrin αvβ3, serum c-telopeptide collagen crosslinks (CTx), was also measured.

Results: Of 21 patients, 14 (7 per arm) received all treatments without interruption and had all blood samples available for analysis. The mean change and SD of [sVEGFR2] for all sunitinib-treated patients was consistent with previous data. There was no significant difference in the mean change in [sVEGFR2] from days 14 to 28 between the arms [arm A: 2.8 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1–3.6 vs. arm B: 2.0 ng/mL; 95% CI, 0.72–3.4; P = 0.22, 2-sample t test]. Additional analyses suggested (i) prior bevacizumab therapy to be associated with unusually low baseline [sVEGFR2] and (ii) sunitinib causes measurable changes in CTx.

Conclusions: Cilengitide had no measurable effects on any circulating biomarkers. Sunitinib caused measurable declines in serum CTx. The properties of [sVEGFR2] and CTx observed in this study inform the design of future combination antiangiogenic therapy trials. Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 5092–9. ©2015 AACR.
Effects of Donepezil on Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Secondary Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized-Controlled and Two Open-Label Long-Term Extension Studies
Authors: Mori Etsuro , Ikeda Manabu , Nakagawa Masaki , Miyagishi Hideaki , Yamaguchi Hideo , Kosaka Kenji
Published: July 2015

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of donepezil on extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods: Using pooled datasets from phase 2 and 3, 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCT, n = 281) and 52-week open-label long-term extension trials (OLE, n = 241) of donepezil in DLB, the effects of donepezil on the incidence of extrapyramidal adverse events (AEs) and on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III were assessed, and potential baseline factors affecting the AEs were explored. Results: The RCT analysis did not show significant differences between the placebo and active (3, 5, and 10 mg donepezil) groups in extrapyramidal AE incidence (3.8 and 6.5%, p = 0.569) and change in the UPDRS (mean ± SD: -0.2 ± 4.3 and -0.6 ± 6.5, p = 0.562). In the OLE analysis (5 and 10 mg donepezil), the incidence did not increase chronologically; all AEs leading to a dose reduction or discontinuation except one were relieved. The UPDRS was unchanged for 52 weeks. An exploratory multivariate logistic regression analysis of the RCTs revealed that donepezil treatment was not a significant factor affecting the AEs. Baseline severity of parkinsonism was a predisposing factor for worsening of parkinsonism without significant interactions between donepezil and baseline severity. Conclusion: DLB can safely be treated with donepezil without relevant worsening of extrapyramidal symptoms, but treatment requires careful attention to symptom progression when administered to patients with relatively severe parkinsonism.
Imaging Granzyme B Activity Assesses Immune-Mediated Myocarditis
Authors: Konishi Masanori , Erdem S. Sibel , Weissleder Ralph , Lichtman Andrew H. , McCarthy Jason R. , Libby Peter
Published: July 2015

Rationale:

The development of molecular imaging approaches that assess specific immunopathologic mechanisms can advance the study of myocarditis.

Objective:

This study validates a novel molecular imaging tool that enables the in vivo visualization of granzyme B activity, a major effector of cytotoxic CD8
+
T lymphocytes.

Methods and Results:

We synthesized and optimized a fluorogenic substrate capable of reporting on granzyme B activity and examined its specificity ex vivo in mice hearts with experimental cytotoxic CD8
+
T lymphocyte–mediated myocarditis using fluorescence reflectance imaging, validated by histological examination. In vivo experiments localized granzyme B activity in hearts with acute myocarditis monitored by fluorescent molecular tomography in conjunction with coregistered computed tomography imaging. A model anti-inflammatory intervention (dexamethasone administration) in vivo reduced granzyme B activity (vehicle versus dexamethasone: 504±263 versus 194±77 fluorescence intensities in hearts;
P
=0.002).

Conclusions:

Molecular imaging of granzyme B activity can visualize T cell–mediated myocardial injury and monitor the response to an anti-inflammatory intervention.
Elevated Total Homocysteine Levels in Acute Ischemic Stroke Are Associated With Long-Term Mortality
Authors: Shi Zhihong , Guan Yalin , Huo Ya Ruth , Liu Shuling , Zhang Meilin , Lu Hui , Yue Wei , Wang Jinhuan , Ji Yong
Published: July 2015

Background and Purpose—

Total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with secondary vascular events and mortality after stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tHcy levels in the acute phase of a stroke contribute to the recurrence of cerebro-cardiovascular events and mortality.

Methods—

A total of 3799 patients were recruited after hospital admission for acute ischemic stroke. Levels of tHcy were measured within 24 hours after primary admission. Patients were followed for a median of 48 months.

Results—

During the follow-up period, 233 (6.1%) patients died. After adjustment for age, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors, patients in the highest tHcy quartile (>18.6 μmol/L) had a 1.61-fold increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–2.53) compared with patients in the lowest quartile (≤10 μmol/L). Further subgroup analysis showed that this correlation was only significant in the large-artery atherosclerosis stroke subtype (adjusted HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.05–3.07); this correlation was not significant in the small-vessel occlusion subtype (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.30–2.12). The risk of stroke-related mortality was 2.27-fold higher for patients in the third tHcy quartile (adjusted HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06–4.86) and 2.15-fold more likely for patients in the fourth quartile (adjusted HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.01–4.63) than for patients in the lowest tHcy quartile. The risk of cardiovascular-related mortality and the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke were not associated with tHcy levels.

Conclusions—

Our findings suggest that elevated tHcy levels in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke can predict mortality, especially in stroke patients with the large-vessel atherosclerosis subtype.
Effects of Trichodorus obtusus on zoysiagrass and bermudagrass root weight and turfgrass quality
Authors: Shaver Bradly R. , Martin S. Bruce , Bridges William C. , Agudelo Paula
Published: July 2015

Trichodorus obtusus is a damaging stubby-root nematode encountered on turf. Few reports exist about the effects of T. obtusus feeding on turfgrass in field settings. A 2-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of T. obtusus on turf quality and root weight of Tifway bermudagrass and Empire zoysiagrass. Core samples and turf quality ratings were taken on multiple sampling dates, from plots at multiple locations in South Carolina, USA. Nematode population densities, root weights and turf quality were used to describe the linear and non-linear relationships between them. Zoysiagrass root weights increased, but turf quality decreased with nematode population density. Bermudagrass root weights and quality decreased in response to increased nematode population densities. Our results show that T. obtusus can cause significant reductions in turfgrass quality, and zoysiagrass and bermudagrass were able to tolerate low nematode population densities before turf quality reductions were detectable.
The plant parasite Pratylenchus coffeae carries a minimal nematode genome
Authors: Burke Mark , Scholl Elizabeth H. , Bird David McK. , Schaff Jennifer E. , Colman Steven D. , Crowell Randy , Diener Stephen , Gordon Oksana , Graham Steven , Wang Xinguo , Windham Eric , Wright Garron M. , Opperman Charles H.
Published: July 2015

Here we report the genome sequence of the lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, a significant pest of banana and other staple crops in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Initial analysis of the 19.67 Mb genome reveals 6712 protein encoding genes, the smallest number found in a metazoan, although sufficient to make a nematode. Significantly, no developmental or physiological pathways are obviously missing when compared to the model free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which possesses approximately 21 000 genes. The highly streamlined P. coffeae genome may reveal a remarkable functional plasticity in nematode genomes and may also indicate evolutionary routes to increased specialisation in other nematode genera. In addition, the P. coffeae genome may begin to reveal the core set of genes necessary to make a multicellular animal. Nematodes exhibit striking diversity in the niches they occupy, and the sequence of P. coffeae is a tool to begin to unravel the mechanisms that enable the extraordinary success of this phylum as both free-living and parasitic forms. Unlike the sedentary endoparasitic root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), P. coffeae is a root-lesion nematode that does not establish a feeding site within the root. Because the P. coffeae nematode genome encodes fewer than half the number of genes found in the genomes of root-knot nematodes, comparative analysis to determine genes P. coffeae does not carry may help to define development of more sophisticated forms of nematode-plant interactions. The P. coffeae genome sequence may help to define timelines related to evolution of parasitism amongst nematodes. The genome of P. coffeae is a significant new tool to understand not only nematode evolution but animal biology in general.
A Hoard of Silver Rhyta of the Achaemenid Circle from Erebuni
Authors: Treister Mikhail Yu.
Published: July 2015

This paper is devoted to a treasure found in 1968. The hoard in “a large jug”, consisting of three silver rhyta, a silver goblet and a fifth, now missing object, was found during construction works at the foothill of the Erebuni citadel. The silver vessels were preserved in a jug in a flattened condition. Every piece of the Treasure is discussed in detail. Descriptions of the vessels are provided in a catalogue section.

The results of our analysis do not contradict the suggestion that the Treasure was possibly hidden inca. 330bc, thus assigning it a date more or less the same as that of the hoard from Pasargadae, which was also hidden in a clay vessel and most probably, like the Erebuni Treasure, coincided with the fall of the Achaemenid Empire.
Visiting Graves of Ẓaddiqim in Yemen
Authors: Gaimani Aharon
Published: July 2015

The article deals with the phenomenon in Yemen of Jews’ visiting the graves of ẓaddiqim, which was a very limited one. Throughout Yemen there were but a few gravesites of Jewish ẓaddiqim to which pilgrimages were made; they were of interest only to people living in their vicinity. The most famous among the Yemenite graves of ẓaddiqim was that of Rabbi Shalom Shabazi, the most highly esteemed figure among Yemenite Jewry. This was the only site to which Jews came from all over Yemen. Despite the difficult journey and the dangers along the way, Yemenite Jews visited the grave for various purposes: to make personal requests, to pray, to ask for success and for the fulfillment of vows made by people who had been ill but had recovered. In this paper, I present new oral and written testimonies about pilgrimage to his grave.
CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE OF SPHINGIDAE LATREILLE, 1802 (LEPIDOPTERA: BOMBYCOIDEA) IN COLOMBIA
Authors: CORREA-CARMONA YENNY , VÉLEZ-BRAVO ANDRÉS H. , ECHEVERRI MARTA ISABEL WOLFF
Published: July 2015

A list of species and a photographic catalog of moths of the family Sphingidae reported for Colombia is presented. Following examination of 1463 specimens deposited in major entomological collections of Colombia, and a review of the literature, 188 species are reported for the country, of which 19 species and Phryxus genus are reported for the first time for Colombia. The genus Xylophanes has the most species recorded and also the most geographical records. The Andean region has the highest number of records. A diagnosis of each subfamily and genus, comments on the biology of many of the reported species and dichotomous keys are also presented.
Laplacian Eigenfunctions for Climate Analysis
Authors: DelSole Timothy , Tippett Michael K.
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes a new method for representing data in a general domain on a sphere. The method is based on the eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator, which form an orthogonal basis set that can be ordered by a measure of length scale. Representing data with Laplacian eigenfunctions is attractive if one wants to reduce the dimension of a dataset by filtering out small-scale variability. Although Laplacian eigenfunctions are ubiquitous in climate modeling, their use in arbitrary domains, such as over continents, is not common because of the numerical difficulties associated with irregular boundaries. Recent advances in machine learning and computational sciences are exploited to derive eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator over an arbitrary domain on a sphere. The eigenfunctions depend only on the geometry of the domain and hence require no training data from models or observations, a feature that is especially useful in small sample sizes. Another novel feature is that the method produces reasonable eigenfunctions even if the domain is disconnected, such as a land domain comprising isolated continents and islands. The eigenfunctions are illustrated by quantifying variability of monthly mean temperature and precipitation in climate models and observations. This analysis extends previous studies by showing that climate models have significant biases not only in global-scale spatial averages but also in global-scale dipoles and other physically important structures. MATLAB and R codes for deriving Laplacian eigenfunctions are available upon request.
Development of probabilistic constant life diagrams using modular networks
Authors: Belísio Adriano Silva , Diniz Bruno da Cunha , Freire Júnior Raimundo Carlos Silverio
Published: July 2015

This study consists in the evaluation of the use of an artificial neural network of modular architecture in building probabilistic constant life diagrams. Therefore, an algorithm developed in previous studies which was applied to achieve deterministic values has proved itself viable when at least three S-N curves were used. For this case, the probability S-N curves were used for training and validation of the modular network based on the generalized power law and a probability of 5% for failure has been considered. In addition, three composite materials were evaluated with a considerable number of tests to better assess the model.
Sir David K Henderson and the origins of British occupational therapy
Authors: Pentland Duncan , Pentland Brian
Published: July 2015

Sir David K Henderson made several major contributions in the field of psychiatry, gaining an international reputation but, perhaps lesser known is his role in the introduction of occupational therapy in the United Kingdom. The part Henderson played in establishing occupational therapy as an aspect of his evolving approach to treating mental illness in Scotland is discussed, as is the influence he had in stimulating and supporting the early pioneers of the profession elsewhere in the UK.
A new approach to quantify the thermal shrinkage of fire protective clothing after flash fire exposure
Authors: Wang Min , Li Xiaohui , Li Jun , Xu Bugao
Published: July 2015

Fire protective clothing made of inherent flame resistant materials shrinks easily when exposed to flash fire. This thermally induced shrinkage affects the thermal protective performance. Methods to evaluate the thermal shrinkage of fire protective garments are under development and there are currently no documentary standards available. The aim of this paper is to provide an effective method to accurately determine the shrinkage magnitude of fire protective clothing after flash fire exposure. This method involved a portable three-dimensional (3D) body scanner that could be mounted into the flame chamber to capture the 3D images of the nude and clothed manikin immediately before and after exposure. Based on the advanced post-processing techniques, the 3D images of the clothed manikin pre- and post-exposure were compared, and thermal shrinkage of the garment was characterized by three parameters, namely garment surface area change and volume and thickness change of the air layers entrapped between the manikin and garment. This method was supposed to provide basic knowledge for the quantitative research into the effect of thermal shrinkage on thermal protective performance.
How pulmonary function changes after pectus excavatum correction surgery
Authors: Kuru Pinar , Dudakli Asli , Mursaloglu Hakan , Arikan Hazal , Oktay Aysu , Yuksel Mustafa
Published: July 2015

Aim

We aimed to determine the effects of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum on pulmonary function and quality of life.

Methods

Minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair was undertaken in 80 patients with a mean age of 16.91 ± 4.37 years (range 7–30 years) and a mean Haller index of 4.07 ± 1.39; 85% of the patients were male. They and their parents completed the Nuss Questionnaire Modified for Adults, and pulmonary function tests were performed on the patients before and 6 months after the operation.

Results

The mean Nuss score was 31.06 ± 6.78 before the operation and it increased to 37.1 ± 8.31 ( p = 0.000) 6 months after the operation. Forced vital capacity decreased from 3.70 ± 1.23 to 3.48 ± 1.03 L ( p = 0.05) postoperatively. The percentage of expected forced vital capacity decreased from 83.21% ± 16.97% to 76.52% ± 20.98% ( p = 0.01). There was no significant change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s. The mean ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity was 86% preoperatively and it increased to 91% postoperatively ( p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair has a positive impact on the quality of life of pectus excavatum patients, but a negative impact on forced vital capacity. Follow-up studies are needed to assess the long-term changes in pulmonary function after this operation.
Assessment of renal dysfunction with diffusion-weighted imaging: comparing intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) with a mono-exponential model
Authors: Ding Jiule , Chen Jie , Jiang Zhenxing , Zhou Hua , Di Jia , Xing Wei
Published: July 2015

Background

Because renal dysfunction is a worldwide problem, accurate assessment is required for planning treatment and follow-up. Intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) can isolate fast from slow water motion in well-perfused organs and may be helpful in assessing renal dysfunction.

Purpose

To determine the clinical value of IVIM in the assessment of renal dysfunction compared with a mono-exponential model.

Material and Methods

Fifty-four consecutive participants (mean age, 53.13 ± 13.96 years) were recruited into this study. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated to classify the participants as having severe renal injury (sRI, eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) or not (non-sRI). DWI with seven b-factors was performed. Image analysis was performed by a radiologist to generate an apparent diffusion coefficient map (ADCmon) by mono-exponential model, diffusion coefficient (Dslow and Dfast), and fraction of fast diffusion (Ffast) maps by IVIM. The circular regions of interest were placed at the interface between the cortex and medulla for parameter measurements.

Results

The ADCmon, Dslow, Dfast, and Ffast were less in sRI than non-sRI ( P < 0.05). ADCmon and Dslow were positively related with eGFR ( P < 0.05). For differentiating sRI from non-sRI, receiver operating characteristic curve indicated no significant difference between the two methods ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, the correlation was 0.93 between ADCmon and Dslow, followed by 0.57 between Dfast and Ffast, 0.48 between ADCmon and Dfast, and 0.34 between ADCmon and Ffast ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The IVIM model contributed little to improving the assessment of renal dysfunction compared with a mono-exponential model.
“I Wanted to Rebel, But There They Hit Me Even Harder”
Authors: Gueta Keren , Chen Gila
Published: July 2015

This study examined women offenders’ accounts of their pathways to substance abuse and crime and the intersection between them, to reach a holistic understanding that captures the dynamics of victimization, agency, and gender. Discourse analyses of the accounts of 11 Israeli women offenders indicated differential use of two discourses. Five participants used the victimization discourse, which viewed substance abuse as an attempt to medicate the self that was injured following victimization experiences; two used the agency discourse, which viewed substance abuse as a way to experience pleasure, leisure, and control over their destiny. Four of the participants used these two contradictory discourses simultaneously. The findings indicate the absence of a cultural discourse that encompasses women’s complex experience of gender, victimization, and agency. Possible implications for intervention are discussed.
Gender Comparison of Young People Charged With Murder in England and Wales
Authors: Gerard F. Jeane , Browne Kevin D. , Whitfield Kate C.
Published: July 2015

This study investigated gender differences regarding young people charged with murder in England and Wales. A sample of 318 cases was collected from the Home Office’s Homicide Index and analysed. Of these cases, 93% of the offenders were male and 7% female. The analyses explored gender differences in terms of the offender’s race, offender’s age, victim’s age, victim’s gender, weapon used, offender–victim relationship, and circumstances of the offence. The study found that a female offender was significantly more likely to murder a family member than a male offender, and a male offender was significantly more likely to murder a stranger than a female offender. In addition, a female offender was significantly more likely to murder a victim below the age of 5 than a male offender. Implications for interventions with young people who are charged with murder are discussed.
Hybrid composites based on polyethylene and coir/oil palm fibers
Authors: Kakou Charles Amani , Essabir Hamid , Bensalah Mohammed-Ouadi , Bouhfid Rachid , Rodrigue Denis , Qaiss Abouelkacem
Published: July 2015

In this work, hybrid composites were produced by blending oil palm fibers with coir fibers and high-density polyethylene for fixed fiber content (40 wt%). The composites were manufactured by twin-screw extrusion followed by compression molding. In particular, the effect of coupling agent (maleated polyethylene) concentration (0, 2, and 4 wt%) was investigated. From the composites obtained, the morphological, structural, and thermal properties were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed-infrared spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of fiber ratio and compatibilization on mechanical performances was studied in tension, flexion, torsion, and impact. The results showed that the compatibilized composites have better fiber dispersion/distribution (homogeneity) due to chemical bonding leading to good interfacial adhesion. All the mechanical properties increased with the presence of fibers and compatibilizer, with non-hybrid composites of coir and oil palm fibers exhibiting the highest and lowest moduli, respectively.
Borderline Personality Disorder and Military Sexual Trauma: Analysis of Previous Traumatization and Current Psychiatric Presentation
Authors: Williams Rush , Holliday Ryan , Clem Matthew , Anderson Elizabeth , Morris Elizabeth E. , Surís Alina
Published: July 2015

Military sexual trauma (MST) increases vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sexual trauma is also associated with increased risk for developing borderline personality disorder (BPD). Research has also documented a significant link between PTSD and BPD; however, there is a paucity of information examining this relationship among veterans with MST-related PTSD. In particular, we sought to examine whether comorbid BPD-PTSD compared with veterans with PTSD and no BPD resulted in increased PTSD and depression symptomatology. We also examined psychiatric, previous sexual trauma, and demographic factors to determine what—if any—factors were associated with comorbid BPD diagnosis. Using data from a recently conducted randomized clinical trial, we examined electronic medical records of the local Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Data from 90 veterans with MST-related PTSD were obtained. More than 22% ( n = 20) of the sample had a historical diagnosis of BPD. Participants were administered measures to assess psychiatric symptomatology (PTSD and depression), trauma-related negative cognitions (NCs), and previous sexual traumatization (e.g., childhood and civilian sexual exposure). An analysis of variance was conducted, which found that veterans with comorbid MST-related PTSD and BPD had significantly greater PTSD criterion B (avoidance) symptoms, depressive symptomatology, and NC scores than participants without comorbid BPD. In addition, a binary stepwise logistic regression found that veterans’ BPD was also positively associated with NCs about self and the world; however, self-blame, depression, PTSD, sociodemographic variables (e.g., gender, age), and previous sexual traumatizations were not significant predictors. Implications are discussed with regard to clinical care and future research directions.
Static bending and dynamic analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric beam subjected to electromechanical loads
Authors: Pandey Vibhuti B , Parashar Sandeep K
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates the static bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric material beam under electromechanical loading. The effective material properties of functionally graded piezoelectric material beam are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness direction and are graded according to sigmoid law distribution. Both multi-layered and monomorph models have been considered in the present work. A two-dimensional finite element analysis has been performed using COMSOL Multiphysics® (version 4.2) software. The accuracy of the method was validated by comparing the results with the previous published work. The results presented in the paper shall be useful in the design of functionally graded piezoelectric material beam.
Design of decoupled, compact, and monolithic spatial translational compliant parallel manipulators based on the position space
Authors: Hao Guangbo , Li Haiyang , Kavanagh Richard
Published: July 2015

The initial version of this paper was presented at 2014 Workshop on Fundamental Issues and Future Research Directions for Parallel Mechanisms and Manipulators, Tianjin, China. The conceptual design of three types of decoupled, compact, and monolithic XYZ compliant parallel manipulators (CPMs) is taken into account in this paper using the position space concept. The CPMs are termed CUBEs due to the shape of their compact structures. The position space of a compliant module is the combination of all permitted positions in an XYZ CPM system where the constraint of this compliant module in the XYZ CPM system remains unchanged when the position of the compliant module changes within the position space. The position of each compliant P joint is considered relative to its adjacent compliant joint/module rather than being considered in insolation. A design method for obtaining monolithic XYZ CPMs is proposed in terms of both the kinematic substitution and position spaces. Three types of monolithic XYZ CPMs are then demonstrated using the proposed method, with the help of three classes of kinematically decoupled three degrees of freedom translational parallel mechanisms. These monolithic XYZ CPMs include a 3- PPP (P: prismatic) XYZ CPM, a 3- PPPR (R: revolute) XYZ CPM, and a 3- PPPRR XYZ CPM. The position space concept can enable the system configurations to be designed based on the chosen optimization requirements, which include considerations such as compactness or minimization of parasitic rotations. This provides an efficient and systematic method to arrange the relative position between any two compliant joints/modules so that one can easily generate practical and useful configurations for XYZ CPMs. The resulting XYZ CPM is the most compact one when the fixed ends of the three actuated compliant P joints thereof overlap or are as close to each other as possible.
Who receives contraception counseling when starting new lupus medications? The potential roles of race, ethnicity, disease activity, and quality of communication
Authors: Ferguson S , Trupin L , Yazdany J , Yelin E , Barton J , Katz P
Published: July 2015

Objective

Family planning discussions are an important aspect of medical care for women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as active disease is a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes, and the medications used for treatment can be harmful to the fetus when used during conception and pregnancy. Our objective was to examine the impact of patient perception of quality and type of communication on receiving contraception counseling.

Methods

Data were derived from patients enrolled in the University of California, San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study. Individuals participate in a yearly structured telephone interview that includes assessment of contraception counseling when starting new medications, and measures of communication and decision making. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of not receiving contraception counseling.

Results

Of the 68 women included in this analysis, one-third did not receive contraception counseling when starting new medications. Older age, white race, depressive symptoms, and higher SLE disease activity were independently associated with not receiving contraception counseling. Participants who did not receive contraception counseling rated their physicians lower in shared decision-making (SDM) communication.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a gap in family planning counseling among women with SLE starting new medications. Future studies to address these potential areas of intervention, including education about the need for contraception through menopause, and mechanisms to engage in SDM surrounding contraception are needed to improve quality of care for women with lupus.
A comparative study on the effect of conventional thermal pasteurisation, microwave and ultrasound treatments on the antioxidant activity of five fruit juices
Authors: Saikia Sangeeta , Mahnot Nikhil Kumar , Mahanta Charu Lata
Published: July 2015

A comparative study on the effect of conventional thermal pasteurisation, microwave and ultrasound treatments on the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of juices from carambola ( Averrhoa carambola L.) , black jamun ( Syzygium cumuni L.Skeels.), watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var lanatus), pineapple ( Ananas comosus L. Merr) and litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) was carried out. Depending on the type of fruit sample and treatment, increase or decrease in phytochemical values was observed. Overall, sonication had a positive effect on the total flavonoid content in all the juice samples followed by microwave treatment with exceptions in some cases. High-performance liquid chromatography study showed the presence of different phenolic acids depending on the sample type. The phenolic acids in some processed carambola juice samples showed decrease or complete destruction, while in some cases, an increase or appearance of newer phenolic acid originally not detected in the fresh juice was observed as seen in conventional thermal pasteurisation, microwaved at 600 W and sonicated juices. Both microwaved and sonicated samples were found to have positive effect on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity with exceptions in some cases. Therefore, microwave and sonication treatment could be used in place of thermal pasteurisation depending on the sample requirements.
Overcoming respondent resistance at elite interviews using an intermediary
Authors: Petkov Mihail Plamenov , Kaoullas Lambros George
Published: July 2015

This article promotes an interviewing technique that could be used when interviewing elite policy-making respondents who fear repercussions for divulging information and who, as a result, either become too emotionally unstable to allow for rapport or begin to resist disclosing information. Based on two independent research projects in Bulgaria and Cyprus, the article advocates the active use of a new type of research participant, the intermediary. This relatively new interview participant is used to introduce and vouch for the credibility of the researcher. The paper argues their inclusion in the interview decreases a respondent’s resistance by improving rapport and by preventing concealment of information. They achieve the former by: creating an aura of trust, by providing emotional support to the respondent and by converting the interview to a friendly conversation. They achieve the latter by intervening at the moments when they consider the respondent is deliberately or unintentionally withholding information.
Filming in the home: A reflexive account of microethnographic data collection with family caregivers of older adults
Authors: Silverman Marjorie
Published: July 2015

This article explores the impact of the researcher’s reflexivity on the data collection and analysis process in the context of a videographic study of home-based family caregivers of older adults. Going beyond a discussion of the role of the researcher’s subjectivity, the article builds on current literature by exploring how the researcher’s embodied self-reflexivity can be used to enrich video based research. The article addresses the researcher’s personal social location and shifting roles throughout the study and how these impacted on her work with the camera, her moment to moment ethical decisions and her perceptions of the participants’ realities. The author illustrates, through the use of journal and transcript excerpts, how the dynamic relationship between the researcher, the participants and the camera creates overlapping and complementary layers of information that together form a cohesive portrait of the action. Throughout, the article discusses the contribution of reflexivity to both the creation and resolution of ethical tensions in the research space.
Moving beyond the Borders of Top–Down Broadcasting
Authors: Vanhaeght Anne-Sofie , Donders Karen
Published: July 2015

This article analyzes whether and to what extent public broadcasters have been able to transpose concepts like interaction, cocreation, and participation into actual media service delivery. The article theoretically frames this discussion, first, by defining and operationalizing interaction with, cocreation of, and participation in public service media (PSM), focusing mainly on participation, and, second, by analyzing the challenges that emerge from these concepts. Subsequently, a comparative case study analysis is conducted. Included in the analysis are three PSM multiplatform projects targeted at younger users: that is, TV Lab (France Télévisions), Carte Blanche (VRT, Flanders), and BNN University (NPO, the Netherlands). Findings are based on a qualitative document analysis and semistructured interviews with both producers of and participants in these multiplatform projects.
Management of lunotriquetral instability: a review of the literature
Authors: van de Grift T. C. , Ritt M. J. P. F.
Published: July 2015

Lunotriquetral ligament injury is a relatively common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Injury ranges from partial stable ligament tears to extensive perilunate instability. Clinical decision-making largely depends on the chronicity, instability and cause of the ligament injury. Conservative treatment is generally regarded as first choice of treatment of mild lunotriquetral instability; however, outcome studies on conservative treatment are lacking. Temporary arthroscopic pinning and/or debridement are minimally invasive procedures of preference. In the case of more dissociative injury, surgical interventions may be performed. The literature suggests that soft tissue reconstruction is an effective procedure in this group. Arthrodesis of the lunotriquetral joint is associated with high rates of non-union (up to 57%) and the indications for surgery should therefore be very clear. Methodological issues make it hard to draw firm conclusions from the data. Studies on the effectiveness of conservative management and prospective comparative studies will further improve clinical decision-making in lunotriquetral instability.

Level of evidence: N/A