bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Adjudication Appropriate for Resolving a Dilapidation Dispute?
Authors: Antino Philip
Published: July 2024

bPurpose –/bb /bThis paper investigates the provisions within the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (‘HGCRA’) and/or the supplementary provisions to establish if a statutory right exists for a party to adopt adjudication as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methodology to resolve a dilapidations dispute and thus avoid costly litigation. bDesign/Methodology/Approach – /bAn extensive literature review and analysis of the relevant legal cases, statutory legislation and limited literature on the dilapidations and adjudication was undertaken to obtain all relevant information to investigate the question this paper raises. b style=""Findings – /bThis paper contributes to the extant law by demonstrating that such lease obligations as repairing, maintaining, and painting are a ‘construction operation’ under section 105 of the HGCRA and that a lease is an agreement for ‘construction operations’ under sections 104 (1) and (5) – thus creating a construction contract, although primarily not a construction contract. Accordingly, it is therefore open to a party to commence adjudication as an ADR methodology to resolve a dilapidations dispute. bOriginality/Value – /bThe question this paper raises is unique in that it is has not previously been tested within the Courts. There is limited literature on the question and no explicit authority that prohibits the use of adjudication for dilapidations disputes. Therefore, the paper introduces both an interesting and very important legal argument that advances and contributes to the extant law by demonstrating that adjudication is applicable to dilapidations disputes.
Would Ratification of the Singapore Convention on Mediation Enrich Indonesian Mediation Culture?
Authors: Fitrianggraeni Setyawati , Fauziah Eva Fatimah , Purnama Sri
Published: July 2024

Mediation, focusing on achieving consensus, generally aligns with Indonesia’s inclination towards amicable dispute resolution steeped in the nation’s cultural heritage. It offers a non-adversarial avenue for dispute resolution, steering Indonesian parties away from protracted and complex court or arbitration processes. This avoidance of unnecessary delay and complexity is not only a requirement before a defence submission in court, but is also encouraged in arbitrations, such as those under BANI Rules. However, Indonesia’s Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution (AADR Law) barely scratches the surface and provides limited clarity on enforcing mediated settlement agreements, particularly those resulting from independent mediations. This article seeks to explore how agreements resulting from mediation are enforced under the existing Indonesian legal framework and to evaluate whether the Singapore International Mediation Convention (SMC) would enrich the current mediation practices and enforcement mechanisms in Indonesia.
An Outcome Evaluation of Private v. Public Mediation in Dispute Settlement Agreements
Authors: St. John Kathryn A. , Riethmuller A.M Grant T.
Published: July 2024

In Australia parties to family disputes must participate in a dispute resolution conference prior to a contested hearing. The parties may attend a court-based conciliation conference (‘public mediation’) or a mediation conference conducted by a private practitioner (‘private mediation’). In the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2), at the time of this study there was a ‘soft rule’ according to which cases in which the value of assets in dispute is greater than AUD 500,000 were referred to private mediation. The findings in this paper suggest that private mediation was more effective in achieving settlement for both high- and low-value cases. If the courts’ aim is to increase settlement rates, increased emphasis should thus be placed on private mediation. However, there are circumstances in which public mediation remains most appropriate.
International Security of Payment Legislation for the Construction Industry: Evolution, Revolution and the Search for an Optimum Model
Authors: Clayton Peter
Published: July 2024

International security of payment legislation for the construction industry (‘SoPL’) seeks to improve cash flow and reduce costly disputes. It does so primarily through regulating payment practices and providing rights to fast-track interim adjudication. This article examines the development of SoPL in eight jurisdictions where it has been in force for at least fifteen years and been subject to substantive review and amendment. The different models of SoPL are examined from the policy perspectives of improving economic efficiency and protecting small businesses. The focus is on the practical implications of SoPL and consideration is given to fairness and balance between those who undertake and those who pay for construction. It is argued that SoPL has been successful in many of its aims and, intentionally or not, effected a significant de facto privatisation of justice. In many ways it has addressed problems of the justice system rather than the construction industry. However, the international development of SoPL has also shown that ex post regulation by enforcement of rights through adjudication alone cannot achieve all policy objectives, especially for the smallest businesses. Provisions for actual security of funds and criminal sanctions for compliance failures are gaining traction in some jurisdictions. Whilst SoPL has sometimes been criticized as intruding into freedom of contract or giving special treatment to the construction industry, it might be more relevant to ask whether SoPL should have resonance and application in other sectors.
Conflicts or Opportunities? Arbitrators’ Previous Cases and Their Future Appointments
Authors: Baltag Crina
Published: July 2024

The debate surrounding arbitrators, their appointment and potential conflicts, has sparked an intense discussion in UNCITRAL Working Group III on Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) Reform. Certain concerns with arbitrators, and in particular with their independence and impartiality, were identified at the early stages of the discussions in this Working Group, including issues related to conflicts of interests, double-hatting, issue conflicts, the appointment mechanism, accountability of arbitrators, etc. Later in the process, UNCITRAL and ICSID joined forces to put forward a draft Code of Conduct for Adjudicators in International Investment Disputes, at the time of writing in its second draft.  This article approaches this debate from the angle of perceived – or misperceived – predisposition of potential arbitrators with respect to particular legal (and/or factual issues) in the dispute.   “No baggage – there was the secret of existence.” p style="text-align: right; "Robert Louis Stevenson, The Wrecker (1892)
Online Dispute Resolution: Navigating the Practicalities Whilst Maintaining Security – and Protecting the Environment
Authors: Hickman Damian , Jenks Sebastian , Medcraft Lorraine
Published: July 2024

Technology has evolved in commercial disputes, advancing rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Navigating the practicalities of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) whilst maintaining security and remaining cognisant of the associated environmental impact and living with COVID-19 has presented opportunities and challenges.Thus, the pandemic expedited the adoption of wider technologies designed to support and improve the efficiency of each stage of dispute resolution.Virtual machine (VM) technology allowed review teams to work remotely and securely. As COVID-19 restrictions have lifted, technologies introduced as necessities continue frequently to be adopted by preference and best practices in the use of these technologies have been developed. Looking to the future, the benefit to the environment of the adoption and deployment of these technologies is measurable and is finding global support. However, although the opportunity to overcome the inadequacies of traditional dispute resolution has been demonstrated, it appears that there has only been incremental change.
Report: Vietnam’s First-Ever Personal Data Protection Decree
Authors: Piemwichai Waewpen
Published: July 2024

On 17 April 2023, the Vietnamese government issued Decree No. 13/2023/ND on the Protection of Personal Data, following extensive public consultations and multiple rounds of review since the first release of its draft version in February 2021. This is a long-awaited legal instrument which is designed to be the very first comprehensive regulation on the protection of personal data in Vietnam.
Data As Property: Towards a Property Based Model?
Authors: Chakraborty Sanjit Kumar , Koshy Alex K. , Raghunath Anjana
Published: July 2024

Data has become one of the most important commercial commodities in the modern age. This article looks at data from the perspective of property rights to ascertain if data can be properly regulated if granted property rights. Such an analysis would require balancing considerations from different stakeholders, including data users from whom the data points have been extracted. The article also looks at industrial data and treats it as a distinct category from usergenerated data. The article contends that it may not be also easy to make this distinction. Hence, a holistic approach to data is necessary. Currently, big data companies have monopolized the field, and the article attempts to suggest a new model to balance the right of different stakeholders.
A Facial Recognition Panopticon on Border and Migration Controls: Can Privacy and Data Protection Survive?
Authors: Nišević Maja , Gugliotta Lorenzo , Avramidou Maria
Published: July 2024

As technology permeates various aspects of individual and societal life, automated surveillance systems, particularly those employing facial recognition technology (FRT), have become a reality. This is particularly evident in border and migration controls, where such systems are increasingly utilized to address migration challenges and enhance security at European Union (EU) borders. The EU legal framework, including provisions in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU), plays a pivotal role in safeguarding personal data. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), as a critical data protection law in the EU, holds significance in this regard.This article delves into the role of automated surveillance systems and FRT, exploring specific use cases at airport border controls. However, its primary focus is to identify and assess essential privacy and data protection concerns arising from the increasing deployment of FRT.
Kenya’s Digital Identity Revolution: Balancing Progress and Human Rights
Authors: Bwana Ronald Odhiambo
Published: July 2024

The digital landscape in Kenya has witnessed significant transformation in recent years. Estimates point out that Kenya has above seventeen million internet users and more than ten million social media users as of January 2023. On top of the Kenyan government’s agenda is digitalization which includes establishing a digital identity system for all Kenyans. This is aimed at streamlining administrative services as well as enhancing security measures. However, implementation of digital identity (ID) cards in Kenya has been a sticking point. This article explores the concept of digital identity cards and examines their incidental effect on constitutional rights in Kenya.
Export and the Responsible Person(s): What Would Change under the EU Commission’s Reform Proposal?
Authors: Lux Michael
Published: July 2024

The Commission proposal for a reformed Union Customs Code (R-UCC) does not only suggest replacing national customs clearance systems by an EU Customs Data Hub, managed by an EU Customs Authority, but also a shift of the responsibility from the declarant (who becomes after the release of the goods the holder of the requested customs procedure) to the importer or exporter, i.e., the person determining that the goods are brought into or out of the EU. A further change concerns the fact that importers and exporters will fall either under the category of a ‘Trust and Check trader’ (an upgraded version of the ‘Authorised Economic Operator’ – AEO, subjected to the new requirement of an automated data interchange with the data hub) and thus be able to benefit from many simplifications, or not, and will then lose many of the simplifications which are currently available for traders without AEO status. The focus on the importer and exporter (who qualifies either for ‘Trust and Check’ status or not) has resulted in a certain neglect of the role of intermediaries in the supply chain, such as customs and logistics service providers, whose services are vital in particular for many small and medium sized companies (SMEs) that cannot afford their own specialized customs staff and IT systems. The author has therefore analysed the impact of the reform proposal on the various actors in the supply chain for all types of customs procedures (import, export, and special procedures), and explains in this contribution export. Import and the underlying rationale of treating ‘Trust and Check’ and other traders differently have been described in a previous article and the special procedures will be treated in a subsequent article.
Taxing Powers of the European Union
Authors: Meickmann Till Valentin
Published: July 2024

The European Union and its Member States are facing enormous financial challenges. To address them, the EU has not only incurred its own debt for the first time (NextGenerationEU (NGEU)) but has also obligated the Member States to introduce a new tax for the first time (known as the EU excess profits tax). This raises fundamental legal questions – particularly whether and to what extent the European Union has taxing powers, although proceeds of the excess profits tax are not part of the EU budget.
The application of neural networks in diagnosing heart disease: A review
Authors: Alsawaf Rahma S , Dawood Rusul Faiz , Khalid Raghad Waleed , Mahmood Mahmood B
Published: July 2024

One of the main factors that cause an increase in mortality annually as a result of heart disease is misdiagnosis on the part of doctors or ignorance on the part of the patient, so the aim of this review was to use more accurate, cost-effective, easy-to-use methods and physician support methods where computer-generated neural networks are used in medical diagnoses. Early diagnosis of heart disease can significantly enhance the long-term chances of survival in victims of the disease. Artificial neural networks are widely used to diagnose and predict diseases, so it was emphasized that in the near future completely new diagnostic equipment based on this new technology can be developed in the field of EG, EG, MACROSCOPIC and microscopic image analysis systems.
Infrared spectrum of organic compounds: A review
Authors: Qasim Razan Y , Sadullah Yaman Q , Aljabar Aziz Ammar Abd , Hamid Farah Younis
Published: July 2024

Infrared radiation (IR; or mid-infrared, miR; 4000-400 cm-1; 2500-25000 nm) has become one of the most powerful tools in the analysis process of chemicals. Due to its high molecular peculiarities, application to a wide range of samples, rapid measurement and unambiguity, infrared spectroscopy forms a powerful approach to clarifying qualitative and quantitative information from various types of biological and chemical substances. For these reasons, it has become a bioanalytical technique with diverse applications. This work aims to be a comprehensive and critical review of recent achievements in the field of biomolecular infrared spectroscopy and analysis.
Tanık Beyanı ve Aleyhe Değiştirme Yasağı Çerçevesinde Yargıtay Ceza Genel Kurulunun, E. 2016/135 K. 2019/32 T. 22.01.2019 Sayılı Kararının İncelenmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Berna Ayşen , Taş Burak
Published: July 2024

İnceleme konusu yapılan karar esasen; tanığın önceki beyanlarının duruşmada okunup okunamayacağı, dolaylı tanığın beyanlarının hükme esas alınıp alınamayacağı ve şartları oluşmadan verilen haksız tahrik indirimine yönelik hükmün, sanık aleyhine temyiz başvurusu olmadığında temyiz aşamasında bozulup bozulamayacağı hususlarına dayanmaktadır. Karara konu olan olayda; ilk derece mahkemesi olayın doğrudan tanığını duruşmada dinlememiş, önceki beyanlarını okumakla yetinmiştir. Mahkeme, dolaylı tanığı ise bizzat duruşmada dinlemiştir. Haksız tahrik hükümlerinin uygulanması noktasında ise sanık beyanı ile dolaylı tanığın ifadeleri çelişkili olmasına rağmen mahkeme, dolaylı tanığın beyanını esas almış ancak bunun gerekçesini ortaya koymamıştır. Temyiz aşamasında, Yargıtay, haksız tahrik hükümlerinin olayda uygulanmasının mümkün olmadığını kabul etmekle birlikte sanık aleyhine temyiz yoluna başvurulmadığı için kararı eleştirerek onamıştır. Ancak aleyhe değiştirme yasağı, cezanın değiştirilmesine gerek olmadan hukukun doğru uygulanması noktasında haksız tahrik hükümlerinin uygulanmasına engel teşkil etmemektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Yargıtay’ın, tanığın önceki beyanlarının okunmasının hangi şartlarda mümkün olacağı hususunu yeterli olacak şekilde incelememesi, dolaylı tanığın beyanlarının hükme esas alınmasının hangi şartlarda mümkün olabileceğini ortaya koymaması ve haksız tahrikin şartları mevcut olmadığı için cezayı değiştirmeden haksız tahrik yönünden hükmü bozması gerekirken (aleyhe bozma yasağının doğru anlaşılmaması) kararı eleştirerek onaması hususları eleştirilmiş ve olması gerekene yönelik değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR NO BRASIL – O PROTAGONISMO DAS COOPERATIVAS POPULARES NA EXECUÇÃO DO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR (PNAE) EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: Nunes Tiago de Garcia , Arns Carlos Eduardo , Pedroso Felipe de Carvalho , Souza Larissa Moraes de
Published: July 2024

O objetivo do artigo é identificar as dificuldades de efetivação do PNAE no RS, com ênfase na resistência da Agricultura Familiar e Camponesa, na perspectiva da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional – PNSAN. A condição pandêmica deflagrou um oportunismo do poder público (tanto na esfera estadual como federal) no sentido de descaracterizar o programa, aproveitando-se da situação excepcional para realizar aquisições da iniciativa privada sem respeito às diretrizes definidas pelo PNAE. Tal circunstância sujeitou a pesquisa a um novo desenho, pois novos obstáculos somaram-se aos obstáculos já existentes no início dos estudos. O estudo se caracterizou como uma pesquisa-ação, descritiva e de natureza qualitativa apoiada na análise documental e observação participante nas atividades dos movimentos sociais envolvidos na execução do PNAE, especialmente nas rodadas de negociação entre os movimentos e o poder público. Frente às intenções do poder público nacional e local em descaracterizar a política pública durante o período da Covid-19 para desfavorecer a agricultura camponesa, a estratégia de resistência e mobilização das cooperativas populares na garantia de políticas sociais foi determinante para garanti-la. São demonstradas algumas estratégias organizativas empregadas pelos movimentos populares e suas cooperativas neste período, assim como alguns resultados práticos destes esforços.
Steam condensate purification by the electromagnetic treatment method
Authors: Kovrigina Tatyana V. , Khakimbolatova Kamilla K. , Chalov Tulegen K.
Published: July 2024

Background: This study is aimed at reducing liquid waste in the process of reverse osmotic demineralization of water using an electromagnetic treatment. A side effect of this is the deposition of salts on the reverse osmotic membranes used, which reduces their service life. This leads to a decrease in the performance of the equipment, and, respectively, the membranes used are subjected to further flushing or replacement. The article presents data on long-term tests conducted by Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP on the effectiveness of electromagnetic treatment technology in the process of reverse osmotic purification of water vapor condensate to ensure a minimum volume of concentrate (brine) of no more than 10% and to prevent intensive salt deposition on reverse osmotic membranes.
Aim: Investigate the possibility of using an electromagnetic treatment device to extend the service life of reverse osmotic membranes during steam condensate purification of Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP.
Materials and methods: For this study, "Termite" electronic hardness salt converter was used, which treats water with electromagnetic waves and not only prevents the formation of scale, but also removes the scale already present in the equipment.
Findings: After being treated with an electromagnetic treatment device in the reverse osmosis process, samples of treated water showed a decrease in total salt content to 1.26 mg/kg and iron content from 84 to 10 µg/dm³. At the same time, the water's pH virtually stayed the same. The specific electrical conductivity of steam condensate was found to be 5.0 microns/cm, which corresponds to a value that does not exceed the required standards.
Conclusion: Tests on steam condensate purification carried out by the Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant using pulsed electromagnetic treatment in the reverse osmosis process showed a positive result in reducing the total salt content, in particular iron, as well as water hardness.
ПАМЯТНИКИ ГЕРОЮ СЕВАСТОПОЛЬСКОЙ ОБОРОНЫ — ВИЦЕ-АДМИРАЛУ В. А. КОРНИЛОВУ
Authors: Корнилова А.В.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются примеры русской монументальной скульптуры — памятники, посвященные вице-адмиралу В. А. Корнилову. В этом контексте анализируется тема увековечения Севастопольской обороны 1854–1855 гг. — одной из героических страниц истории России.

Examples of Russian monumental sculpture are considered — monuments dedicated to Vice Admiral V. A. Kornilov. In this context, the theme of perpetuating the Sevastopol defense of 1854- 1855 is analyzed as one of the heroic pages of Russian history.
“WHEN OUR COUNTRY COMMANDS THAT WE BE HEROES, THEN ANYONE CAN BECOME A HERO”: GLORIFICATION OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE USSR IN THE 1930s AND 1940s
Authors: Мухина Е.В.
Published: July 2024

В 1930-е гг. в СССР сложилась практика героизации и глорификации труда, тогда же возник лозунг «Труд — дело чести, дело славы, дело доблести и геройства». Способность простых советских людей к героическим поступкам воспевалась в песнях к кинофильмам тех лет.

The 1930s saw the heroisation and glorification of labour in the USSR and brought to life the worded by the slogan “Labour is a matter of honour, a matter of glory, a matter of valour and heroism”. The assumed ability of ordinary Soviet men and women to commit heroic deeds is praised in Soviet cinema march-songs.
EVOLUTION OF THE HERO IMAGE IN ANIMATION ART
Authors: Бобрик П.А.
Published: July 2024

В тезисах рассматривается эволюция образа героя на примере российского анимационного искусства. Изменение образа героя-богатыря связано с социально-политической обстановкой, а также с появившимися возможностями анимационной технологии. Образ богатыря в произведении, рассчитанном на детскую аудиторию, претерпевает изменения от образовательно-поучительного, моделирующего характер до развлекающего.

The article shows the evolution of the hero image in Russian animation art: the morphing of the image of the hero (knight-errant) is associated with the social and political situation, as well as with the emerging possibilities of animation technology. The image of a hero in an art, designed for a children’s audience is undergoing changes from educational and instructive to entertaining character.
Some inequalities for orderings of acyclic digraphs
Authors: Bier Thomas , Zaguia Imed
Published: July 2024

Let $D=(V,A)$ be an acyclic digraph. For $x\in V$ define $e_{_{D}}(x)$ to be the difference of the indegree and the outdegree of $x$. An acyclic ordering of the vertices of $D$ is a one-to-one map $g: V \rightarrow [1,|V|] $ that has the property that for all $x,y\in V$ if $(x,y)\in A$, then $g(x) < g(y)$.We prove that for every acyclic ordering $g$ of $D$ the following inequality holds:\[\sum_{x\in V} e_{_{D}}(x)\cdot g(x) ~\geq~ \frac{1}{2} \sum_{x\in V}[e_{_{D}}(x)]^2~.\]The class of acyclic digraphs for which equality holds is determined as the class of comparability digraphs of posets of order dimension two.
Some remarks on the lonely runner conjecture
Authors: Tao Terence
Published: July 2024

The lonely runner conjecture of Wills and Cusick, in its most popular formulation, asserts that if $n$ runners with distinct constant speeds run around a unit circle $\R/\Z$ starting at a common time and place, then each runner will at some time be separated by a distance of at least 1/(n+1) from the others.  In this paper we make some remarks on this conjecture.  Firstly, we can improve the trivial lower bound of 1/(2n) slightly for large n, to (1/(2n)) + (c \log n)/(n^2 (\log\log n)^2) for some absolute constant c>0; previous improvements were roughly of the form (1/(2n)) + c/n^2.  Secondly, we show that to verify the conjecture, it suffices to do so under the assumption that the speeds are integers of size n^{O(n^2)}.  We also obtain some results in the case when all the velocities are integers of size O(n).
The Complexity of Power Graphs Associated With Finite Groups
Authors: Kirkland Steve , Moghaddamfar Ali Reza , Salehy S. Navid , Salehy S. Nima , Zohouratar Mahsa
Published: July 2024

The power graph P(G) of a finite group G is the graph whose vertex set isG, with two elements in G being adjacent if one of them is a power of theother. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to find the complexity ofa clique-replaced graph and study some applications; (2) to derive someexplicit formulas concerning the complexity \kappa(P(G)) for various groupsG such as the cyclic group of order n, the simple groups L_2(q), the extra-special p-groups of order p^3, the Frobenius groups, etc.
Distinguishing number and distinguishing index of neighbourhood corona of two graphs
Authors: Alikhani Saeid , Soltani Samaneh
Published: July 2024

The distinguishing number (index) $D(G)$ ($D'(G)$) of a graph $G$ is the least integer $d$ such that $G$ has an vertex labeling (edge labeling)  with $d$ labels  that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The neighbourhood corona of two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ is denoted by  $G_1 \star G_2$  and is the graph obtained by     taking one copy of $G_1$ and  $|V(G_1)|$ copies of $G_2$, and joining the neighbours of the $i$th vertex of $G_1$ to every vertex in the $i$th copy of $G_2$. In this paper we describe the automorphisms of the graph $G_1\star G_2$. Using results on  automorphisms, we study the distinguishing number and the distinguishing index of $G_1\star G_2$.  We obtain upper bounds for $D(G_1\star G_2)$ and $D'(G_1\star G_2)$.
On the illumination of a class of convex bodies
Authors: Wu Senlin , Zhou Ying
Published: July 2024

We study Boltyanski’s illumination problem (or Hadwiger's covering problem) for the class of convex bodies in $\mathbb{R}^n$ consisting of convex hulls of a pair of compact convex sets contained in two parallel hyperplanes of $\mathbb{R}^n$. This special case of the problem is completely solved when $n=3$.
Pell Coding and Pell Decoding Methods with Some Applications
Authors: Tas Nihal , Ucar Sumeyra , Yilmaz Ozgur Nihal
Published: July 2024

We develop a new coding and decoding method using the generalized Pell $(p,i)$-numbers for $p=1$. The relations among the code matrix elements, error detection, and correction have been established for coding theory when $p=i=1$. We give two new blocking algorithms using Pell numbers and generalized Pell $(p,i)$-numbers for $p=1$.
On the uniformity of the approximation for $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second Kind
Authors: Connamacher Harold , Dobrosotskaya Julia
Published: July 2024

The $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind are a natural extension of Stirling numbers of the second kind. A combinatorial interpretation of $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind is the number of ways to partition $n$ elements into $m$ subsets such that each subset contains at least $r$ elements. Calculating the associated Stirling numbers is typically done with a recurrence relation or a generating function that are computationally expensive or alternatively with a closed-form that is practical for only a limited parameter range. In 1994 Hennecart proposed an approximation for the $r$-associated Stirling numbers that is fast to compute, is amenable to analysis over a wide range of parameters, and is conjectured to be asymptotically tight. There are a few other approximations for the associated Stirling numbers, but none of them are as general as Hennecart's. However, until this work, Hennecart's approximation had been utilized without a proper justification due to the absence of a rigorous proof. This work provides a proof of the uniformity of the Hennecart approximation.
Bounds of characteristic polynomials of regular matroids
Authors: Kochol Martin
Published: July 2024

A regular chain group $N$ is the set of integral vectors orthogonal to rows of a matrix representing a regular matroid, i.e., a totally unimodular matrix. Introducing canonical forms of an equivalence relation generated by $N$ and a special basis of $N$, we improve several results about polynomials counting elements of $N$ and find new bounds and formulas for these polynomials.
Bounds on r-identifying codes in q-ary Lee space
Authors: Ramalingam Dhanalakshmi , Durairajan Chinnapillai
Published: July 2024

Identifying codes are used to locate malfunctioning processors in multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we study identifying codes in a $q$-ary hypercube which is used in parallel processing. Computing upper and lower bounds of $M_{r,q}(n),$ the smallest cardinality among all $r$-identifying codes in $\mathbb{Z}_q^n$ with respect to the Lee metric, is an important research problem in this area. Using our constructions, we produce tables for upper and lower bounds for $M_{r,q}(n)$. The upper and the lower bounds of $M_{r,4}(n)$ known only when $r=1$ but using our results, we compute the bounds for $M_{r,4}(n)$ for all $r\geq 1$. Also we improve upon the currently known upper bounds of $M_{1,4}(n)$ due to J. L. Kim and S. J. Kim. Upper bounds of $M_{r,q}(n)$ for $q>4$ are known previously for some cases of $n$. We improve some of these bounds and we also compute bounds for all $n$ by using our results.
Note on group distance magicness on product graphs
Authors: Prajeesh Appattu Vallapil , Paramasivam Krishnan
Published: July 2024

If $l$ is a bijection from the vertex set $V(G)$ of a graph $G$ to an additive abelian group $\Gamma$ of $|V(G)|$ elements such that for any vertex $u$ of $G$, the weight $\sum_{v\in N_{G}(u)}l(v)$ is $\mu$, where $\mu \in \Gamma$, then $l$ is a $\Gamma$-distance magic labeling of $G$. A graph $G$ that admits such an $l$ is $\Gamma$-distance magic and if $G$ is $\Gamma$-distance magic for every such $\Gamma$, then $G$ is a group distance magic graph.
In this paper, we provide some results on the group distance magicness of the lexicographic and direct product of two graphs. By proving a few necessary conditions, we characterize the group distance magicness of a tree. In addition, we find three techniques to construct group distance magic graphs recursively from the existing ones and with respect to any abelian group with one involution, we determine infinitely many nongroup distance magic graphs.
The estimation of the zeros of some counting polynomials
Authors: Mezo Istvan , Wang Chen-Ying , Guan Hai-Yan
Published: July 2024

In this work we study the zeros of the Eulerian and Bell polynomials and their generalizations. More concretely, lower estimates for the leftmost zeros of these polynomials will be given, complementing earlier results where upper estimations were presented.
k-Forcing number for Cartesian product of some graphs
Authors: Montazeri Zeinab , Soltankhah Nasrin
Published: July 2024

$k$-Forcing is an iterative graph coloring process based on a color change rule that describes how to color the vertices. $k$-Forcing is a generalization of zero forcing that is useful in multiple scientific branches, such as quantum control. In this paper, we investigate the $k$-forcing number of the Cartesian product of some graphs. The main contribution of this paper is to determine the $k$-forcing number of the Cartesian product of two complete bipartite graphs using a new representation of this graph.
Symmetric association schemes arising from abstract regular polytopes
Authors: Alsairafi Alyeah , Herman Allen
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the question of when every double coset of a string $C$-group $G$ relative to its vertex stabilizer subgroup $H$ is represented by an involution. We show that this is the case for every finite string Coxeter group except in the $\{5,3,3\}$ case of type $H_4$, and for the infinite Coxeter groups of Schläfli type $\{4,4\}$ and $\{3,6\}$. From this it is immediate that, for every string $C$-group of these types, the double coset algebra $\mathbb{C}[G/\!\!/H]$ is commutative and all of its characters are realizable over $\mathbb{R}$. In particular, the abstract regular polytopes with these automorphism groups have a polyhedral realization cone.
Problems Section BIRS Proceedings
Authors: Nguyen van Thé Lionel
Published: July 2024

The workshop ”Homogeneous Structures, A Workshop inHonour of Norbert Sauer‘s 70th Birthday” took place at the Banff International Research Station from November 8th to November 13th,2015. The purpose of the following note is to gather the list of openproblems that were posed during the problem sessions. Contributionsappear in alphabetical order, according to the name of their autho
New cyclic Kautz digraphs with optimal diameter
Authors: Böhmova Katherina , Dalfo Cristina , Huemer Clemens
Published: July 2024

We obtain a new family of digraphs with minimal diameter, that is, given the number of vertices and out-degree, there is no other digraph with a smaller diameter. This new family of digraphs are called `modified cyclic digraphs' $MCK(d,\ell)$, and it is derived from the Kautz digraphs $K(d,\ell)$ and from the so-called cyclic Kautz digraphs $CK(d,\ell)$. The cyclic Kautz digraphs $CK(d,\ell)$ were defined as the digraphs whose vertices are labeled by all possible sequences $a_1\ldots a_\ell$ of length $\ell$, such that each character $a_i$ is chosen from an alphabet of $d+1$ distinct symbols, where the consecutive characters in the sequence are different (as in Kautz digraphs), and also requiring that $a_1\neq a_\ell$. Their arcs are between vertices $a_1 a_2\ldots a_\ell$ and $a_2 \ldots a_\ell a_{\ell+1}$, with $a_1\neq a_\ell$ and $a_2\neq a_{\ell+1}$. Since $CK(d,\ell)$ do not have minimal diameter for their number of vertices, we construct the modified cyclic Kautz digraphs to obtain the same diameter as in the Kautz digraphs, and we also show that $MCK(d,\ell)$ are $d$-out-regular. Moreover, for $t\geq1$, we compute the number of vertices of the iterated line digraphs $L^t(CK(d,\ell))$.
The Tutte Polynomial of Complex Reﬂection Groups
Authors: Randriamaro Hery
Published: July 2024

The story ”Tutte Polynomial of Reﬂection Group” begins in 2007 when Ardila computed the Tutte polynomials of the hyperplane arrangements associated to the symmetric groups Sym(n), and to the imprimitive groups $G(2,1,n)$ and $G(2,2,n)$. One year later, De Concini and Procesi computed the Tutte polynomials associated to the primitive groups $G28,G35,G36,G37$, as well as Geldon in 2009. Then, we computed those associated to the imprimitive groups $G(m,p,n)$ in 2017. This article aims to close the chapter on the complex reﬂection groups by computing the Tutte polynomials associated to the primitive groups $G4,...,G27,G29,...,G34$.
Flag vector pairs, fatness, and their bounds for 4-polytopes
Authors: Kim Jin Hong , Nari Park
Published: July 2024

Recently Sjoberg and Ziegler showed a remarkable result that completely characterizes the flag vector pair $(f_0, f_{03} )$ of any $4$-dimensional polytopes. Motivated by their results and techniques, in this paper we show some necessary conditions for other remaining flag vector pairs such as $(f_0 , f_{02})$, $(f_{02}, f_{03})$, $(f_{1}, f_{02})$, and $(f_1 , f_{03})$ to be flag vector pairs of $4$-dimensional convex polytopes. Results of this paper give some partial answers to the questions posed by Sj\" oberg and Ziegler. As an application of the bounds for flag vector pairs $(f_1 , f_{03})$, in this paper we also provide some bounds of fatness function for certain $4$-polytopes as well as $3$-polytopes.
Bailey and Daum's q-Kummer Theorem and Extensions
Authors: Li Nadia , Chu Wenchang
Published: July 2024

By means of the linearization method, we establish four analytical formulae for the $q$-Kummer sum extended by two integer parameters. Ten closed formulae are presented as examples.
Homotopy Type of Independence Complexes of Certain Families of Graphs
Authors: Shukla Samir , Goyal Shuchita , Singh Anurag
Published: July 2024

We show that the independence complexes of generalised Mycielskian of complete graphs are homotopy equivalent to a wedge sum of spheres, and determine the number of copies and the dimensions of these spheres. We also prove that the independence complexes of categorical product of complete graphs are wedge sum of circles, upto homotopy. Further, we show that if we perturb a graph $G$ in a certain way, then the independence complex of this new graph is homotopy equivalent to the suspension of the independence complex of $G$.
N-free extensions of posets. Note on a theorem of P.A.Grillet
Authors: Nejib Zaguia , Pouzet Maurice
Published: July 2024

Let $S_{N}(P)$ be the poset obtained by adding a dummy vertex on each diagonal edge of the $N$'s of a finite poset $P$. We show that $S_{N}(S_{N}(P))$ is $N$-free. It follows that this poset is the smallest $N$-free barycentric subdivision of the diagram of $P$, poset whose existence was proved by P.A. Grillet. This is also the poset obtained by the algorithm starting with $P_0:=P$ and consisting at step $m$ of adding a dummy vertex on a diagonal edge of some $N$ in $P_m$, proving that the result of this algorithm does not depend upon the particular choice of the diagonal edge choosen at each step. These results are linked to drawing of posets.
Playing with Dogs: Toward Interspecies Hermeneutics
Authors: Homan Dr. Catherine
Published: July 2024

In Truth and Method, Hans-Georg Gadamer argues that to have language is to have a world. While nonhuman animals can and do communicate, they do not understand and give shape to their environment through that communication in the way that humans do with language. Against Gadamer, I argue that humans and nonhumans similarly create meaning through play, thus giving shape to their worlds. Drawing on the works of Donna Haraway, I argue that interspecies play is a mode of creative meaning making, conversation, and understanding. By examining dog and human play, we can glean a more robust sense of what it is to be human. Finally, looking to dog play through a hermeneutic lens shows how we can develop a sense of what it is for a dog to be a dog without falling into dogmatic scientism and to develop an account of interspecies hermeneutics.
CHITOSAN: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ITS EXTRACTION, APPLICATIONS, CONSTRAINTS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Hegde Shreya , Subbalaxmi Selvaraj
Published: July 2024

The primary focus of this review is an eco-friendly biopolymer chitosan which is mainly produced by the conversion of environmental wastes into useful applications.  Chitosan has drawn much interest due to its unusual characteristics, including anti-microbial, biodegradability, and non-toxicity.  This study explores numerous approaches available for the production and extraction of chitosan from various sources, including crustaceans, fungi, and insects.   The available techniques are classified into chemical and biological methods and further divided into enzymatic and fermentation methods. This review also covers the steps in the upstream and downstream processes that are involved in the production of chitosan. Additionally, a few techniques available for the characterization of chitosan are covered, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and emission scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons are also made between the characteristics of chitosan derived from sources like insects and fungal strains. Characteristics of chitosan obtained from sources such as fungal strains and insects are compared with those of commercial chitosan.  This study also focuses on the most recent applications of chitosan in the medical sector, wastewater treatment plant, agricultural sector, food packaging industry, and cosmetic industry. A few patents related to chitosan in the health sector are also discussed. Finally, it concludes that further research on chitosan and its derivatives is necessary to fully understand the advantages of this polymer.  It also emphasizes the difficulties involved in extracting chitosan from crustaceans, insects, and fungi.  To fully explore the advantages of this polymer, it is concluded that further research into chitosan and its derivatives is necessary.
Pendidikan Multidisiplin dan Sosialisasi Untuk Pengembangan Masyarakat di Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Majalaya
Authors: Jamaludin Ahmad , Wandari Tsania , Erliana Rena , Nurzakiya Anisa , Nurzakiya Anisa , Ervandha Mochammad
Published: July 2024

UMKM menjadi pilihan usaha yang paling banyak ditekuni oleh masyarakat Indonesia, hal ini menjadikan usaha satu ini sangat berperan dalam pengembangan ekonomi di Negara Indonesia, pernyataan ini pun diperkuat dengan bukti administrasi yang mencatat banyaknya UMKM yang berdiri di Indonesia sejak tahun 2016 dideklarasikan Hari UMKM pertama hingga tahun 2020 sudah mencapai 64,19 juta unit. Akibat dari perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat, seakan memaksa para pelaku UMKM harus beradaptasi dengan cepat terhadap pembaharuan dari teknologi. Tujuan dari artikel pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan dampak yang bermanfaat kepada penduduk Desa Bojong. Dengan menyajikan informasi dan pengetahuan baru, artikel ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan penduduk desa dalam menggunakan teknologi digital. Pertama, penyuluhan dalam meningkatkan ekonomi lokal melalui digilatasi, Informasi yang telah dikumpulkan diperoleh melalui tahap wawancara kepada pelaku UMKM terkait profil usaha yang dijalankan, cara pemasaran yang dilakukan, target pasar yang ditentukan oleh para pelaku UMKM, dan pendapatan rata-rata yang diperoleh sebelum dilakukannya pemasaran dengan memanfaatkan digitalisasi. Hasil dari program ini telah membawa perubahan positif dalam banyak aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Dengan fokus pada pendekatan multidisiplin dan pengembangan kapasitas, program ini berhasil menciptakan fondasi yang kuat untuk pertumbuhan dan pengembangan berkelanjutan di Desa Bojong.
Penerapan Forward Chaining Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus (Memakai Baju) Pada Anak Usia 4 Tahun Di Denali Development Centre
Authors: Anggriani Ria , Arisandy Desy
Published: July 2024

Daycare merupakan salah satu sarana pengasuhan & penitipan anak usia mulai 1– 5 tahun selama di Denali Development Centre, anak-anak menjalani kegiatan harian namun yang dibuat dengan jadwal khusus dengan jam operasional pukul 07.30-16.30 WIB. Daycare hadir sebagai partner bagi orangtua dalam mengasuh dan membersamai anak bertumbuh serta berkembang, Daycare dipantau oleh tenaga profesional yaitu Psikolog Anak dan Dokter sehingga terencana dan dapat menstimulasi tumbuh kembang anak. Untuk mencapai pertumbuhan itu diperlukan stimulus bahkan rangsangan pendiikan secara membagikan petunjuk yang sesuai supaya tidak terlambat. Secara membagikan kebiasaan dengan berulang bahkan continue pada apa yang akan ditumbuhkan oleh karena itu anak ingin mendapatkan sebuah kesuksesan dalam pertumbuhan bahkan penguasaan pada kemampuan khusus. penguasaan pada keterampilan bina diri ini yakni satu diantara susunan yang tentunya penting bahkan wajib dimiliki pada anak (Beirne- Smith, et. al., dalam Wick-Nelson & Israel, 2015). Metode harus tepat agar anak bisa memiliki keterampilan terkait pakaianya sendiri. Weber (dalam Lee, et. al., 2014) menjelasakan dengan chaining yakni salah satu teknik yang sangat efektif untuk mengajarkan anak-anak. Metode forward chaining adalah pendekatan yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran atau pelatihan keterampilan, termasuk dalam meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus pada anak. Metode ini nantinya mempermudah anak- anak yang mempunyai atau mengalami kesusahan dalam memahami sesuatu dengan umum. Berdasarkan hasil menjalankan program selama 4 hari dengan 8 sesi pertemuan, dapat dinilai bahwa A bisa melakukan 6-7 tahapan dari 9 tahapan yang disediakan. Setelah diajarkan cara  intervensi keterampilan A dalam mengenakan baju kaos terjadinya perubahan penambahan, meskipun belum seluruh tahapan dikuasai oleh A.
Kombinasi Labu Siam Dan Seledri Untuk Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Hipertensi Di Desa Sejahtera, Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Adhiguna Toding Ficanata , Islamiati Utami , Juniver Gintu Tri , Rahmayanti Suci
Published: July 2024

Tumbuhan obat adalah berbagai jenis tumbuhan yang memiliki fungsi dan khasiat obat serta digunakan untuk menyembuhkan atau mencegah penyakit. Salah satu yang sudah terbukti secara ilmiah dan dapat diperoleh di sekitar pekarangan rumah adalah labu siam (sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) dan seledri (Apium graveolens) terbukti mengandung zat-zat aktif yang dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dilaksanakan karena masih kurang pemahaman masyarakat Desa Sejahtera tentang pengobatan non-farmakologi dalam penanganan penyakit hipertensi. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan penyuluhan dalam bentuk pembagian materi dalam bentuk leaflet yang dilanjutkan dengan Tanya jawab, kemudian membagikan kuisoner kepada warga desa untuk menilai tingkat pemahaman masyarakat. Berdasarkan persentase kepuasan dari 20 responden yang telah mengisi kuisioner, maka diperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase kepuasan masyarakat/mitra terhadap kegiatan PkM di Desa Sejahtera, Kecamatan Palolo, Kabupaten Sigi adalah 85% artinya mitra merasa puas (baik sekali).
Workshop Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial Di Tingkat Non Litigasi Bagi Pengurus Serikat Pekerja/Buruh
Authors: Manurung Mangaraja , Rambe M. Islami , Haris Muhammad , Suryawan Ari
Published: July 2024

Sekalipun pengaturan prosedur penyelesaian Perselisihan hubungan industrial tersebut sudah diatur secara normative dalam Undang Undang No. 2 Tahun 2004, namun dalam prakteknya  masih banyak penyimpangan terutama yang dilakukan oleh pihak Perusahaan, dilain sisi pihak pekerja/buruh juga secara umum masih sangat banyak yang belum memahami prosedur itu, oleh karena itu keberadaan Serikat Pekerja/Buruh sebagai Organisasi yang dibentuk oleh Pekerja/Buruh berdasarkan Undang Undang No. 21 Tahun 2000 tentang Seikat Pekerja/Buruh, tentu sangat diharapkan fungsi dan peranannya untuk mendampingi pekerja/buruh yang menjadi anggotanya untuk  memberikan advokasi, sehingga permasalahan yang terjadi  dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dengan demikian akan terbangun selalu hubungan Industrial (Industrial Relation)yang harmonis, dinamis dan berkeadilan antara pelaku proses produksi. Organisasi Pekerja/Buruh yang memiliki fungsi sebagai wadah perjuangan guna mewujudkan peningkatan kesejahteraan pekerja/buruh berserta keluarganya, dituntut supaya mampu memperjuangkan aspirasi anggotanya, Dengan adanya kegiatan workshop penyelesaian sengketa hubungan industrial ini yang dikhususkan bagi Pengurus Serikat Pekerja Pertanian dan Perkebunan Kabupaten Asahan, diharapkan dapat menjadi sumbangsih pengetahuan sehingga para Pengurus yang tergabung dalam Organisasi SP.PP- SPSI dapat memahami bagaimana teknis dalam penyelesaian sengketa hubungan industrial yang terjadi kepada anggotanya khususnya ditingkat Non Litigasi.