bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Budyko framework to irrigation districts in China under various climatic conditions
Authors: Chen Hang , Huo Zailin , Zhang Lu , Cui Jing , Shen Yingying , Han Zhenzhong
Published: March 2022

Budyko's framework has been widely used to study basin‐scale water balance. In this study, we focus on the extended application of Fu's equation (one formulation of the Budyko‐type curves) to 371 large irrigation districts in China over a period of 2010–2017. Water balance method was used to estimate actual evapotranspiration in the irrigated areas. Considering the contribution of shallow groundwater to , the water availability in the Budyko framework defined as equivalent precipitation for irrigation areas is the sum of irrigation water , precipitation and groundwater evaporation . Results showed that the relationships between evapotranspiration , water availability and energy supply can be accurately described by the Budyko's curves. The optimal values of Budyko parameter ω for each irrigation district was obtained with multi‐annual data using least square method. The Fu's equation performed better in humid and semi‐humid regions than arid and semi‐arid regions. The comparison between and confirmed the relative effect of water availability and energy supply on according to the variation of climatic conditions. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil properties (denoted by the proportion of clay and sand) were selected to develop empirical equation for parameter ω using multiple linear regression analysis method. This study shows that the Budyko framework can be extended to irrigation areas and provides useful information on evapotranspiration to assist in water management in irrigation areas.
Understanding client engagement in digital mental health interventions: An investigation of the eTherapy Attitudes and Process Questionnaire
Authors: Clough Bonnie , Yousif Christina , Miles Sasha , Stillerova Sophia , Ganapathy Aarthi , Casey Leanne
Published: March 2022

Aims

Digital mental health services may increase the accessibility and affordability of mental health treatments. However, client dropout a low use is often reported. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the structural validity of the e‐Therapy Attitudes and Process (eTAP) questionnaire, as a theoretically based (theory of planned behavior) tool for understanding ongoing client engagement intentions with digital mental health treatments. The possible role of eHealth literacy in predicting behavioral intentions to use digital mental health treatments was also examined.

Methods

Participants were 244 Australian‐based adults aged between 18 and 56 years, who were currently using a digital mental health tool. Data were collected via online survey.

Results

Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted, with good model fit obtained following two theoretically supported modifications. Moderated hierarchical regression supported the utility of the theory of planned behavior in predicting behavioral intentions, with attitudes emerging as a strong and consistent individual predictor. No support was found for the moderating role or individual significance of eHealth literacy.

Conclusions

These findings support the clinical and research use of the eTAP as a theory‐based measure to understand client engagement in digital mental health interventions. The study also highlights the need for interventions to target attitudes to improve clients' ongoing engagement in digital mental health.
Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy
Authors: Walle Kjersti M. , Askeland Ragna B. , Gustavson Kristin , Mjaaland Siri , Ystrom Eivind , Lipkin W. Ian , Magnus Per , Stoltenberg Camilla , Susser Ezra , Bresnahan Michaeline , Hornig Mady , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Ask Helga
Published: March 2022

Background

Maternal infections during pregnancy are common events that have been suggested to be risk factors for Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Only a few studies have been conducted to date and results are conflicting. The current study investigates the associations between specific groups of prenatal maternal infections and offspring ADHD, considering timing of exposure and the role of fever.

Methods

We used data from the prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including more than 112,000 pregnancies, linked with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Patient Registry to estimate odds ratios for the likelihood that children develop ADHD after being exposed to maternal infections during gestation.

Results

Children exposed to any maternal infection during pregnancy showed increased risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.15, CI = 1.03–1.27). Specifically, increased ADHD risk was observed after exposure to genitourinary infections in second (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.06–1.90) or third trimester (OR = 2.04, CI = 1.19–3.49), and to respiratory infections in second trimester (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.12–1.54), provided these infections were accompanied by episodes of fever. Increased ADHD risk was also observed after exposure to diarrhea without fever in the third trimester (OR = 1.25, CI = 1.07–1.46).

Conclusions

Overall, our results suggest that prenatal exposure to maternal infections, particularly with co‐occurring episodes of fever, are risk factors for ADHD. Fever (or severity of the infection) appears to be more important in mid‐pregnancy associations. Our results indicate that type of infection and timing of exposure might influence the associations, but small effect sizes require careful interpretations. The association between infection and ADHD should be estimated using discordant siblings or other negative control designs that give better adjustment for unmeasured familial confounding.
Implications of the uncertainty of postoperative functional parameters for the preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Fischer Maximilian C. M. , Tokunaga Kunihiko , Okamoto Masashi , Habor Juliana , Radermacher Klaus
Published: March 2022

The functional parameters pelvic tilt (PT) and hip joint force (HJF) are required to calculate patient‐specific target zones based on the range of motion (ROM) and implant loading for preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Both functional parameters may change after THA. The preoperative prediction of the postoperative PT and HJF is associated with a specific amount of uncertainty. The prediction uncertainty has to be considered in the preoperative planning process to avoid a suboptimal implantation. So far, very little attention has been paid to the necessary reduction of patient‐specific target zones by the prediction uncertainties of postoperative functional parameters. Prediction models for the postoperative PT in standing position and for the HJF during one‐leg stance as a surrogate for the peak force phase during level walking were used to quantify the reduction of the ROM‐ and load‐based target zones of 196 Japanese THA patients. The prediction uncertainty was about 14° for the postoperative standing PT and ranged from 17% body weight to 37% body weight for the components of the HJF. On average, the prosthetic ROM‐based target zone had to be significantly reduced by 43% and the load‐based target zone by 39%. This led to a median reduction of the combined prosthetic ROM‐ and load‐based target zone of 96%. The study sharpens the awareness for the substantial reduction of ROM‐ and load‐based target zones by prediction uncertainties of the postoperative PT and HJF and highlights the importance of further research to improve prediction models for both functional parameters.
Orchestrated delivery of PTH [1–34] followed by zoledronic acid prevents radiotherapy‐induced bone loss but does not abrogate marrow damage
Authors: Sweeney‐Ambros Ashley R. , Biggs Amy E. , Zimmerman Nicholas D. , Mann Kenneth A. , Damron Timothy A. , Oest Megan E.
Published: March 2022

Postradiotherapy bone fragility fractures are a frequent late‐onset complication in cancer survivors. There is a critical need to develop preventative interventions, and the use of Food and Drug Administration‐approved drugs remains an attractive option. Prior data from our lab and others have shown that parathyroid hormone [1–34] mitigates radiotherapy‐induced bone loss, but only for the duration of drug delivery. Utilizing a murine hindlimb radiotherapy model, we investigated whether orchestrated delivery of single‐dose zoledronic acid could extend these anabolic benefits after cessation of parathyroid hormone delivery. We then explored the potential use of parathyroid hormone as a bone marrow radioprotectant. While the addition of zoledronic acid to parathyroid hormone increased irradiated bone mass, there was no increase in femur bending strength. In this model, the parathyroid hormone was not effective as a marrow radioprotectant, although this could be due to the short course of parathyroid hormone treatment. Marrow repopulation kinetics differed from those in total body irradiation, with hematopoietic stem cell repopulation occurring relatively early at four weeks postirradiation. Furthermore, we found radiation induced a loss of marrow stromal cells and an increase in inflammatory monocytes. Statement of Clinical Significance: Staged delivery of parathyroid hormone and zoledronic acid shows promise as an off‐the‐shelf intervention to mitigate post‐radiotherapy bone damage in cancer patients, but parathyroid hormone is unlikely to function as a broad‐spectrum marrow radioprotectant.
A LUCAS‐based mid‐infrared soil spectral library: Its usefulness for soil survey and precision agriculture#
Authors: Leenen Matthias , Pätzold Stefan , Tóth Gergely , Welp Gerhard
Published: March 2022

Background

Mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is commonly recognized as a rapid and high throughput measurement technology for numerous soil properties, given that appropriate prediction models are calibrated. Soil spectral libraries (SSL) may reduce effort and costs for MIRS practical application.

Aims

To calibrate MIR‐SSL‐based prediction models for soil properties and to test their applicability to independent sample sets at regional scale (e.g., for soil survey) and at field scale (i.e., for precision agriculture, PA).

Methods

Spectra of 1013 arable topsoil samples of the European Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey 2009 (LUCAS) from Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Germany formed the basis for the MIR‐SSL. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) via partial least squares regression served to calibrate (1) generic prediction models including all samples, and (2) stratified models for different parent materials. Test‐set validation (TSV) was conducted on samples from independent campaigns at (1) regional scale with a sample set from Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany; n = 385) and (2) field scale for four individual fields in Germany (n = 513).

Results

Generic LOOCV models successfully predicted soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, sand, silt, clay, carbonate, and pH. Calibration for available nutrients failed. The TSV was successful for the regional sample set for all variables (2.5 ≤ RPIQ ≤ 5.9), except for carbonate (RPIQ = 0). At field scale, the validation was highly variable for different sites and parameters. Stratified models using soil parent material as auxiliary variable improved only occasionally the applicability at field scale, that is, on single fields and only for clay and carbonate.

Conclusions

Although the MIR‐SSL in its present state cannot be recommended for nutrient management, it provides valuable support for soil survey and PA.
A fast and low‐cost approach for the discrimination of commercial aged cachaças using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate classification
Authors: Silveira Amanda Lemes , Barbeira Paulo Jorge Sanches
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Cachaça is the distilled beverage typical of Brazil and can be subjected to the aging process in wooden barrels. In addition to oak barrels, cachaça is also aged in barrels of different Brazilian native woods, resulting in a wide variety of its sensory characteristics. In this work, 172 cachaças aged in bálsamo, jequitibá, oak, and umburana barrels were analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and by the classification methods of principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Spectra were preprocessed by the first derivative by Savitzky–Golay smoothing, using a filter width and polynomial order determined through face‐centered central composite designs. Multivariate analysis was realized using the spectra recorded at different wavelength differences, and models were compared by the classification errors in the test sets.

RESULTS

The principal component analysis applied to the synchronous fluorescence spectra presented a tendency of separation by the wood used in the aging process, and the partial least squares discriminant analysis model constructed using the fluorescence spectra recorded at a wavelength difference of 30 nm provided better performance parameters (efficiency 91–97%, sensitivity 81–100%, and specificity 91–100%).

CONCLUSION

Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy offers a promising approach for the classification of cachaças aged in bálsamo, oak, jequitibá, and umburana barrels, and the discriminant model can be used for routine analysis as a screening method. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reduction of sodium chloride: a review
Authors: Shen Dongyu , Song Huanlu , Zou Tingting , Raza Ali , Li Pei , Li Ku , Xiong Jian
Published: March 2022

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an enjoyable condiment. However, evidence is accumulating to indicate that an excessive intake of Na+ in food may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Previous systematic reviews have focused on replacing NaCl with other metal salts (e.g. KCl). However, new salty flavor enhancers (yeast extract, taste peptides, and odor compounds) have yet to be reviewed. This systematic review evaluates the methods for, and feasibility, of NaCl reduction. It defines NaCl reduction and considers the methods used for this purpose, especially the use of flavor enhancers (yeast extract, taste peptides, and odor compounds). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A one‐time pneumatic jet‐injection of 5‐fluorouracil and triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of hypertrophic scars—A blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Erlendsson Andrés M. , Rosenberg Lukas K. , Lerche Catharina M. , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine , Wiegell Stine R. , Karmisholt Katrine , Philipsen Peter A. , Hansen Anders C. N. , Janfelt Christian , Holmes Jon , Rossi Anthony , Haedersdal Merete
Published: March 2022

Background

Patients with hypertrophic scars (HTS) risk reduced quality of life due to itching, pain, poor cosmesis, and restriction of movement. Despite good clinical efficacy, patients are often reluctant to undergo repeated needle injections due to pain or needle phobia.

Objectives

To evaluate the applicability of needle‐free pneumatic jet injection (PJI) and assess changes in hypertrophic scars following a single PJI treatment with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and triamcinolone acetonide (TAC).

Methods

Twenty patients completed this blinded, randomized, controlled, split‐scar trial. The intervention side of the HTS received a one‐time treatment with PJIs containing a mixture of TAC + 5‐FU injected at 5 mm intervals (mean 7 PJI per HTS); the control side received no treatment. Assessments were made at baseline and 4 weeks posttreatment. Outcome measures included change in (1) Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) total score and subscores, (2) scar volume and surface area assessed by three‐dimensional imaging, (3) skin microarchitecture measured by optical‐coherence tomography (OCT), (4) photo‐assessed scar cosmesis (0–100), (5) patient‐reported pain and satisfaction (0–10), and (6) depiction of drug biodistribution after PJI.

Results

PJI with TAC + 5‐FU significantly decreased both HTS height (−1 VSS; p = 0.01) and pliability (−1 VSS; p < 0.01) with a nonstatistically significant reduction of −1 in total VSS score (0 in control; p = 0.09). On 3D imaging, a 33% decrease in scar volume (p = 0.016) and a 37% decrease in surface area (p = 0.008) was observed. OCT indicated trends towards smoother scar surface (Ra 11.1–10.3; p = 0.61), normalized dermal microarchitecture (attenuation coefficient: 1.52–1.68; p = 0.44), and a reduction in blood flow between 9% and 17% (p = 0.50–0.79). Despite advances in VSS subscores and OCT, no improved photo‐assessed cosmesis was found (−3.2 treatment vs. −1.4 control; p = 0.265). Patient‐reported pain was low (2/10) and 90% of the patients that had previously received needle injections preferred PJI to needle injection. Depositions of TAC + FU were imaged reaching deep into the scar at levels corresponding to the reticular dermis.

Conclusion

A single PJI injection containing 5‐FU and TAC can significantly improve the height and pliability of HTS. PJI is favored by the patients and may serve as a complement to conventional needle injections, especially for patients with needle phobia.
Safety of a 1064‐nm robotic laser system for noninvasive lipolysis of the flanks
Authors: Fiala Thomas , Lavin Philip
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The primary objective of this pilot study was to confirm the safety of a 1064‐nm laser device with a novel robotic arm for noninvasive subcutaneous fat reduction in the flank area. Secondary objectives included: assessing the extent of subject discomfort during treatment, overall subject satisfaction with the results of the procedure, and a determination of subcutaneous fat reduction in the treated area, in preparation for larger upcoming trials.

Materials and Methods

A 110‐cm2 area on both flanks of enrolled subjects (N = 11; 22 flanks) was treated for 20 minutes with a Food and Drug Administration‐cleared robotic noncontact 1064‐nm laser system (EON®; Dominion Aesthetic Technologies, Inc.). Patients were followed for 12 weeks, and examined routinely at 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and additionally as needed, posttreatment. Ad hoc surveys were administered to assess patient satisfaction. A 2‐week posttreatment ultrasound scan was used to check for changes in the treated area. Ultrasound measurements were also used to determine the subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness at a center of each treatment zone before treatment and at 12 weeks posttreatment for efficacy determination, with mean thicknesses calculated per subject.

Results

The treatment had a low incidence of adverse effects, with only one subject developing a palpable thickening in the subcutaneous tissue following treatment. This was noted at the 2‐week time period and had resolved by the 12‐week posttreatment exam. No other predefined adverse effects were noted. On a scale of 0–10, the mean pain score during the procedure was 1.95, decreasing to 0.9 at 30 minutes postprocedure. Subject satisfaction was “Excellent” for all subjects (100%). At Week 12 after one treatment, the mean reduction in subcutaneous adipose thickness on the treated flanks was 6.1 mm per patient (−15%; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Similar to a prior abdominal study with the same robotic laser device, this pilot study confirms the safety of this 1064‐nm noncontact laser device for treating subcutaneous fat on the flanks. The procedure is well tolerated with a high degree of subject satisfaction. The amount of subcutaneous fat reduction in the flank area appears similar to that seen in the abdomen, but larger studies are required for confirmation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04797988.
Tough Mechanically Interlocked Transparent Interface of Hydrogels and Elastomers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Terutsuki Daigo , Suwabe Ryota , Abe Hiroya , Nishizawa Matsuhiko
Published: March 2022

Hydrogel‐based soft, wet devices receive a great deal of attention in advanced medical engineering, which will require integration of hydrogels and elastomers through a transparent and tightly bound interface. Here, the strength of the mechanical interlock of the hydrogel–elastomer interface is studied using microstructured poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) sheets embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. The PDMS sheet, which exhibits micro‐protrusions (cuboid and frustum‐shape), has a tensile strength of 10 kPa, which can be sufficient for gentle handling of the PVA/PDMS assembly. The PDMS protrusions (even the frustum‐shape) are found to drag out from the deformed PVA hydrogel without any destruction. The tensile strength of the embedded PDMS is further increased by attaching a thin roof film to bridge the protrusions. These microbridge structures are more than ten times stronger than those with only protrusions, and extraction of the PDMS microbridges caused the destruction of PVA hydrogel. It is also confirmed by a 90°‐peeling test that the microbridge structure is effective for tough lamination of the PVA on PDMS. The PVA/PDMS assembly with the microbridged interface exhibits transparency and deformability that will be sufficient for biomedical applications.
Synthesis and Biodegradation Studies of Low‐Dispersity Poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Barbon Stephanie M. , Carter Matthew C. D. , Yin Ligeng , Whaley C. Matthew , Albright Vurtice C. , Tecklenburg Ron E.
Published: March 2022

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is produced on an industrial scale and widely‐used in applications such as personal care products and cleaning formulations that end up “down‐the‐drain.” Relatively high molecular weight PAA is considered poorly biodegradable, but little is known about the biodegradability of low molecular weight PAA at the wastewater treatment plant according to current regulatory and industrial Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) standards. The synthesis, separation, and characterization of a series of ultralow dispersity PAA oligomers (i.e.,Đ< 1.10) in the molecular weight rangeMn≈ 350–1200 Da and the results of biodegradability testing are reported. Miniaturized, high‐throughput screening studies in a parallel respirometer reveals a strong trend toward lower biodegradation at higher molecular weight; these results are confirmed and expanded using standardized method OECD 301F. Biodegradability reaches ≈40% atMn= 380 Da, ≈26% atMn= 770 Da, and ≈17% atMn= 1190 Da for discrete polyacid oligomers. These data not only shed light on potential biodegradation mechanisms for linear PAA, but also may inspire the future design of biodegradable PAA‐containing macromolecules.
Resilience of Black Sea Bass Embryos to Increased Levels of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Meseck Shannon L. , Redman Dylan H. , Mercaldo-Allen Renee , Clark Paul , Rose Julie M. , Perry Dean M.
Published: March 2022

After a decade of research on how embryonic fish will respond to the increased dissolved carbon dioxide (ρCO2) levels predicted for the next century, no uniform response to near future acidification has been observed among marine species. We exposed Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata (BSB) embryos to varied levels of ρCO2 (microatmospheres [μatm]) for 48 h during seasonal experiments conducted in 2013–2015 to compare embryonic response among multiple broodstocks. The relationship between ρCO2 concentration and hatching success was inconsistent among years, with a nonlinear, inverse relationship noted in 2014 only, explaining 13% of observed variance. Conversely, ρCO2 was a good predictor of unhatched BSB embryos after 48 h for all years combined (39%) and for 2013 (38%). The ρCO2 concentration was a good predictor of the frequency of vertebral column anomalies for individual years (2013: 40%; 2014: 12%; 2015: 38%) but not when data were pooled for all years. In 2013 and 2015, vertebral column anomalies were relatively consistent below 1,000 μatm and were elevated above that threshold. Preliminary results suggest that BSB embryos may demonstrate resilience to future ρCO2 levels, but the results also highlight the challenges associated with drawing broad conclusions given observed variability in results obtained from different broodstocks and study years.
Matrices associated to two conservative discretizations of Riesz fractional operators and related multigrid solvers
Authors: Donatelli Marco , Krause Rolf , Mazza Mariarosa , Semplice Matteo , Trotti Ken
Published: March 2022

In this article, we focus on a two‐dimensional conservative steady‐state Riesz fractional diffusion problem. As is typical for problems in conservative form, we adopt a finite volume (FV)‐based discretization approach. Precisely, we use both classical FVs and the so‐called finite volume elements (FVEs). While FVEs have already been applied in the context of fractional diffusion equations, classical FVs have only been applied in first‐order discretizations. By exploiting the Toeplitz‐like structure of the resulting coefficient matrices, we perform a qualitative study of their spectrum and conditioning through their symbol, leading to the design of a second‐order FV discretization. This same information is leveraged to discuss parameter‐free symbol‐based multigrid methods for both discretizations. Tests on the approximation error and the performances of the considered solvers are given as well.
Phonon Lifetimes in Boron‐Isotope‐Enriched Graphene‐ Hexagonal Boron Nitride Devices
Authors: Brasington Alexandra , Liu Song , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Edgar James H. , LeRoy Brian J. , Sandhu Arvinder
Published: March 2022

Using hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as a substrate for graphene has shown faster carrier cooling which makes it ideal for high‐power graphene‐based devices. However, the effect of using boron‐isotope‐enriched hBN has not been explored. Herein, femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopy is utilized to measure and compare the time dynamics of photo‐excited carriers in graphene‐hBN heterostructures for hBN with the natural distribution of boron isotopes (20% 10B and 80% 11B) and hBN enriched to 100% 10B and 11B. The carriers cool down faster for systems with isotopically pure hBN substrates by a factor of ≈1.7 times. This difference in relaxation times arises from the interfacial coupling between carriers in graphene and the hBN phonon modes. The results show that the boron isotopic purity of the hBN substrate can help to reduce the hot phonon bottleneck that limits the cooling in graphene devices.
A general procedure for rounding m/z values in low‐resolution mass spectra
Authors: Khrisanfov Mikhail , Samokhin Andrey
Published: March 2022

It was revealed that nominal mass spectra extracted from the same NetCDF file using different gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) software products are not identical. This phenomenon is caused by differences in algorithms used for rounding floating‐point m/z values to integers. It was found that all programs under consideration (AMDIS, ChemStation, ChromaTOF, MS Search, OpenChrom) use different procedures. It is necessary to know how fractional parts of accurate m/z values of ions are distributed to determine which algorithm yields more robust results. We estimated the respective distribution using two databases (PubChem and NIST). As a result, we came up with a procedure that minimizes the influence of random errors on rounding to integer m/z values. The procedure we suggest is to sum intensities of all floating‐point m/z values in a bin [MZ − 0.38; MZ + 0.62] and assign MZ as a nominal m/z value, where MZ is an integer m/z value.
Two cases of trastuzumab deruxtecan‐induced interstitial lung disease in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Gocho Kyoko , Sato Kenya , Iizuka Noboru , Sunada Kouichi , Nishiya Shin , Hamanaka Nobuyuki
Published: March 2022

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T‐DXd) frequently induces interstitial lung disease (ILD) more than other anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapies. We diagnosed two cases of ILD induced by T‐DXd in patients with advanced breast cancer. The first case is that of a 57‐year‐old Japanese woman who complained of dyspnoea and fever after 4 cycles of T‐DXd. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse consolidation and a reticular shadow. The second case was that of a 72‐year‐old Japanese woman who complained of dyspnoea after 3 cycles of T‐DXd. Chest CT showed a reticular shadow predominantly in the left lung. Both patients were treated with corticosteroids, including pulse methylprednisolone; however, their general condition weakened due to ILD, long‐term corticosteroid therapy and breast cancer progression. Subsequently, the patients were unable to continue chemotherapy for breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in a real‐world clinical setting.
Prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Malik Sangeeta , Wadhwan Vijay , Gotur Palakshappa Suhasini , Singh Roli
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel disease caused by a newly identified virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causing diverse systemic manifestations. The oral cavity too is not spared and the symptoms appear either independently, concurrently, or sequentially. In view of the rising documented cases of oral lesions of COVID‐19, this systematic review aims to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID‐19 confirmed individuals. An extensive literature search was conducted in databases like Scopus, Pubmed/Medline, Livivo, Lilacs and Google Scholar and varied oral signs and symptoms were reported as per the PRISMA guidelines. Studies published in English language literature only were included and were subjected to the risk of bias using the Joana Briggs Institute Appraisal tools for prevalence studies, case series and case reports. In a two‐phase selection, 34 studies were included: 21 observational, 3 case‐series and 10 case reports. These observational studies included approximately 14,003 patients from 10 countries. In this review, we explored the most commonly encountered oral and dental manifestations in COVID‐19 and identified that loss of taste acuity, xerostomia and anosmia were frequently reported. Elevated incidence of opportunistic infections like mucormycosis and aspergillosis were reported during the treatment due to prolonged intake of steroids. Immunosuppression and poor oral hygiene led to secondary manifestations like enanthematous lesions. However, it is not clear that oral signs and symptoms are due to COVID‐19 infection itself or are the result of extensive treatment regimen followed [PROSPERO CRD42021258264].
Event‐triggered adaptive decentralized control of stochastic nonlinear systems with strong interconnections and time‐varying full‐state constraints
Authors: Su Wei , Niu Ben , Zhang Yu , Zhang Jiaming , Li Yuanxin
Published: March 2022

This article is dedicated to the problem of event‐triggered adaptive decentralized control for a class of stochastic strong interconnected nonlinear systems subject to unknown gains and time‐varying full‐state constraints. To surmount the effect of the unknown control gains, a novel gain suppressing inequality approach is used. The time‐varying barrier Lyapunov functions (TVBLFs) are taken into account to deal with the design difficulties of time‐varying full‐state constraints, and the event‐triggered control strategy is applied such that the desired controller is constructed to reduce the communication burden. One remarkable feature of the constructed controller is that it is capable of controlling the stochastic systems with strong interconnected nonlinearities arising from the drift terms and diffusion terms. It is shown that all the closed‐loop signals are bounded in probability without the violation of full‐state constraints, and the asymptotic tracking control is achieved. The performance of the suggested control approach is illustrated through the simulation results.
Spatiotemporally Correlated Imaging of Interfacial Defects and Photocurrents in High Efficiency Triple‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Yu Junxi , Huang Boyuan , Zheng Xue , Wang Huan , Chen Fang , Xie Shuhong , Wang Qingyuan , Li Jiangyu
Published: March 2022

Triple‐cation mixed‐halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent photovoltaic properties and enhanced stability, though the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still far below the theoretical expectation. In order to understand the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the gap, a Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (CsFAMA)‐based solar cell with respectful efficiency over 20% is examined, and distinct high‐ and low‐current regions are observed in photoconductive atomic force microscopy (pc‐AFM) mapping. Simulations attribute the difference in local photocurrents to interfacial donor defect densities at the NiO/CsFAMA interface, which is supported by electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) mapping, revealing a negative correlation between ionic defects and photocurrents. The interfacial defects can be further manipulated by external bias upon relaxation study, resulting in reduced photocurrents accompanied by topography change when positive ions are driven toward the NiO/CsFAMA interface. It is also observed that both structure variation and photocurrent degradation upon accelerated aging test initiate at grain boundaries, which gradually expand at the expense of grain interior, suggesting that ionic defects are most active at grain boundaries. These findings render a direct correlation between interfacial defects and photocurrents while revealing degradation evolution, and if such interfacial defects heterogeneity can be mitigated, PCE toward the theoretical limit with enhanced stability can be envisioned.
Efficient Radiative Enhancement in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices through Involving a Novel Sandwich Localized Surface Plasmon Structure
Authors: Shao He , Wu Xiufeng , Zhou Donglei , Chen Wenda , Li Lifang , Xu Wen , Xu Lin , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Song Hongwei
Published: March 2022

In recent years, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have been considered as the most promising materials for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the advances of CsPbX3 quantum dot‐based light emitting diodes (QLEDs) still lagged behind inorganic III–V LEDs and other organic LEDs. Herein, a strategy to improve the performances of perovskite QLEDs is reported by utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects of Au nanospheres (NSs). It is accomplished by introducing a Au NS layer into the electron transport layer of Ca2+‐CsPbBr3 QLEDs, where the diameter and spacing of Au NSs and the interaction distance between the Ca2+‐CsPbBr3 QD and Au NS layers are modulated, according to the theoretical simulation of Finite‐difference time‐domain. As a result, the photoluminescence quantum yield of Ca2+‐CsPbBr3 QD layer is improved from 31.5% to 73.3%. Finally, the luminance of Ca2+‐CsPbBr3 QLEDs is improved from 16824 to 63931 cd m–2 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) is improved from 4.2% to 10.5%. The radiative transition rate can be remarkably modulated from 0.7 × 107 to 6.6 × 107 s–1. The enhancement in luminance and EQE are the best values in the LSPR modified perovskite QLEDs and the strategy offered in this work fits with other LEDs and optoelectrical devices.
An Integrated Bulk and Surface Modification Strategy for Gas‐Quenched Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiencies Exceeding 22%
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qiu Weiming , Song Wenya , Hawash Zafer , Wang Yaxin , Pradhan Bapi , Zhang Yiyue , Naumenko Denys , Amenitsch Heinz , Moons Ellen , Merckx Tamara , Aguirre Aranzazu , Abdulraheem Yaser , Aernouts Tom , Zhan Yiqiang , Kuang Yinghuan , Hofkens Johan , Poortmans Jef
Published: March 2022

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared by the antisolvent method have achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 23%, but they are not ideal for device upscaling. In contrast, gas‐quenched PSCs offer great potential for upscaling, but their performance still lags behind. Herein, the gas‐quenched films through both surface and bulk modifications are upgraded. First, a novel surface modifier, benzylammonium thiocyanate, is found to allow remarkably improved surface properties, but the PCE gain is limited by the existence of longitudinally multiple grains. Thus, methylammonium chloride additive as a second modifier to realize monolithic grains is further utilized. Such an integrated strategy enables the average open‐circuit voltage of the gas‐quenched PSCs to increase from 1.08 to 1.15 V, leading to a champion PCE of 22.3%. Moreover, the unencapsulated device shows negligible degradation after 150 h of maximum power point operation under simulated 1 sun illumination in N2.
Effect of Steric Hindrance of Butylammonium Iodide as Interface Modification Materials on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Xusheng , Dong Jun , Wu Daofu , Lai Junan , Xu Cun Yun , Yao Yanqing , Yang Xiude , Tang Xiaosheng , Song Qunliang
Published: March 2022

The efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be effectively improved by interfacial modification with butylammonium iodide (BAI). However, the steric hindrance of BAI is not explored. Herein, BAI with different steric hindrances, that is, n‐BAI, iso‐BAI (i‐BAI), and tert‐BAI (t‐BAI), are systematically studied as interface modification materials between (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 and spiro‐OMeTAD in PSCs. It is found that the efficiency and humidity stability of devices gradually increase in the order of t‐BAI‐, i‐BAI‐, n‐BAI‐modified ones. This seems that the larger steric hindrance hinders BAI diffusion to the grain boundary, resulting in the reduction of grain boundary passivation and the residue of excessive BAI on the surface of perovskite films. Excessive BAI is equivalent to new defects and can block hole transport. As the steric hindrance increases from n‐BAI to i‐BAI, and further to t‐BAI, the device with n‐BAI modification shows the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.67% with excellent stability in air with a humidity of 20–30%, keeping 80% of the original PCE after 60 days. It is believed that this study can guide the structural selection of modified materials at the interface between perovskite and hole transport layer with n–i–p structure.
Polydopamine‐derived carbon layer anchoring NiCo‐P nanowire arrays for high‐performance binder‐free supercapacitor and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Zhenyuan , Song Na , Wang Jian , Liu Yingqi , Dai Zhang , Nie Guangdi
Published: March 2022

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been extensively and deeply researched as electrode materials for energy‐related applications. However, the inferior stability is still a bottleneck restricting their substantive development. Herein, a freestanding three‐dimensional hierarchical nanostructure (marked as CC@NC/NiCo‐P) is delicately designed for high‐performance supercapacitors and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, where the nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) layer derived from polydopamine serves as an interface coupling bridge for anchoring electroactive nickel cobalt phosphide (NiCo‐P) nanowire arrays on flexible carbon cloth (CC) substrate. Thanks to the robust interaction between the conductive carbon support and NiCo‐P nanowires, the resultant CC@NC/NiCo‐P electrode delivers an ultrahigh capacitance (2175.5 F/g at 1 A/g) and a distinguished rate capability with a capacity retention of 85.8%. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor can achieve a superior energy density of 28.47 Wh/kg and an ultralong lifespan of 10 000 cycles. In addition, the CC@NC/NiCo‐P electrode shows favorable electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction. These results indicate that the strong binding between the NC layer and metal species in TMPs notably improves the stability and electrochemical activity of CC@NC/NiCo‐P. It is expected that this effective strategy to design innovative electrode materials may be promising for the applications in energy‐related fields.
Performance Optimization of Apodized FBG Biomedical Sensor for Variation in Temperature and Presence of Noise
Authors: Rani Saba , Haider Shafiq , Bukhari Syed Hashim Raza , Zaidi Syed Azhar Ali , Huda Aamina Bintul
Published: March 2022

In this work, comprehensive analysis on single and dual mode, uniform and apodized Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based gas concentration measurement sensor performance in the presence of noise and temperature variations is presented. Different scenarios are formulated. Firstly, the indirect sensing method for gas concentration measurement is presented, followed by the discussion on single and dual mode uniform FBG sensor design. Thereafter single and dual mode Gaussian apodized FBG sensor design and its pros and cons are discussed. The effect of temperature variations and noise on FBG sensor is also discussed. Afterwards as per referred literature the simulation results for uniform and apodized FBG in the presence or absence of noise, temperature variations and strain applications are validated. The quantitative analysis shows that the single mode apodized FBG has highest side lobes suppression ratio which is 88.21%. In terms of FWHM single mode apodized FBG has narrowest bandwidth of amplitude 0.18. While dual mode apodized FBG has highest reflectivity, that is, −0.20571. It is observed that reflection spectrum of uniform FBG sensor contains large strength of side lobes at adjacent wavelength. Moreover, the dual mode FBG sensor performance is more affected by variation in temperature and noise but dual mode FBG sensor works better as compared to single mode FBG sensor in context of minimum side lobes, high absorption depth and enhanced reflectivity. The presented investigation will be helpful to prescribe the correct amount of dosage for biomedical application. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Relationship between Maximum Voltage Drop and Configuration Cost for Low‐Voltage Distribution‐System
Authors: Sasaki Kazuho , Iioka Daisuke , Kanazawa Yuki , Nonoyama Tomoaki
Published: March 2022

Owing to the large number of power distribution equipment, the supply voltage is managed independently in 6.6‐kV medium‐voltage (MV) and 100‐V low‐voltage (LV) systems in Japanese distribution systems. Both systems have their respective independent allowable voltage range. We have studied the optimum allowable voltage range for MV and LV systems in order to reduce the equipment cost. In this study, we analyze the relationship between the maximum voltage drop and system configuration in an LV systems from the viewpoint of investment costs. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Towards top-down holographic composite Higgs: minimal coset from maximal supergravity
Authors: Elander Daniel , Piai Maurizio
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Within the context of top-down holography, we study a one-parameter family of regular background solutions of maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions, dimensionally reduced on a 2-torus. The dual, four-dimensional confining field theory realises the global (spontaneous as well as explicit) symmetry breaking pattern SO(5) → SO(4). We compute the complete mass spectrum for the fluctuations of the 128 bosonic degrees of freedom of the five-dimensional gravity theory, which correspond to scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector, and tensor bound states of the dual field theory, and includes particles with exotic SO(4) quantum numbers. We confirm the existence of tachyonic instabilities near the boundaries of the parameter space.

We discuss the interplay between explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking. The SO(5)/SO(4) coset might provide a first step towards the realisation of a calculable framework and ultraviolet completion of minimal composite Higgs models, if the four pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons are identified with the real components of the Higgs doublet in the standard model (SM), and a subgroup of SO(4) with the SU(2) × U(1) SM gauge group. We exhibit an example with an additional localised boundary term that mimics the effect of a weakly-coupled external sector.
Dual contribution of the gut microbiome to immunotherapy efficacy and toxicity: supportive care implications and recommendations
Authors: Wardill Hannah R. , Chan Raymond J. , Chan Alexandre , Keefe Dorothy , Costello Samuel P. , Hart Nicolas H.
Published: March 2022

The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (immunotherapy) is increasingly recognized to be linked to the composition the gut microbiome. Given the high rates of resistance, interventions targeting the gut microbiome are now being investigated for its ability to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In light of recently published data demonstrating a strong correlation between the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy, there is a risk that efforts to enhance immunotherapy efficacy may be undermined by increases in immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) This is particularly important for microbial interventions aimed at increasing immunotherapy efficacy, with many microbes implicated in tumour response also linked to IrAEs, especially colitis. IrAEs have a profound impact on patient quality of life, causing physical, psychosocial, and financial distress. Here, we outline strategies at the discovery, translational, and clinical research phases to ensure the impact of augmenting immunotherapy efficacy is approached in a manner that considers adverse implications. Adopting these strategies will ensure that our ongoing efforts to overcome immunotherapy resistance are not impacted by unacceptable toxicity.
Interkommunale Kooperationen als Voraussetzung für den Ausbau von Bioenergiepotenzialen und der Gestaltung kommunaler Wärmewende
Authors: Baasch Stefanie , Lenz Christine
Published: March 2022

Bioenergie ist im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen Energiewende von zentraler Bedeutung. Im Vergleich zu anderen erneuerbaren Energieträgern bietet Biomasse den Vorteil, dass sie fossile Brennstoffe direkt ersetzen und bei Bedarf für die Umwandlung in Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoffe gespeichert werden kann. Dementgegen stehen erhebliche Nutzungs- und Flächenkonflikte des Energiepflanzenanbaus und ein seit 2014 stagnierender Ausbau von Biogasanlagen. Als konfliktärmere Alternative gilt die reststoffbasierte Bioenergieerzeugung in Kombination mit dezentralen Nutzungsstrategien, diese stößt in der Praxis allerdings auf erhebliche Umsetzungsbarrieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse eines transdiziplinären Verbundforschungsprojekts vor, welches in Nordhessen kommunale und regionale Handlungsoptionen für eine optimierte energetische Bioenergieerzeugung untersucht hat. Zentrale Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass eine verlässliche Bewertung von Biomassepotenzialen die Einbeziehung von regionalen Wissensbeständen erforderlich macht. Ein erheblicher Anteil der regionalen Biomassepotenziale ist derzeit in stark fragmentierten Nutzungspfaden gebunden, die allerdings aus ökologischer Perspektive und vor dem Hintergrund steigender CO2-Bepreisung einer Überprüfung bedürfen. Für eine Optimierung von Biomassenutzungspfaden zeichnet sich ab, dass vielversprechende Ansätze vor allem durch interkommunale Kooperationen erreicht werden können.
Symplectic geometry of Cartan–Hartogs domains
Authors: Mossa Roberto , Zedda Michela
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the geometry of Cartan–Hartogs domains from the symplectic point of view. Inspired by duality between compact and noncompact Hermitian symmetric spaces, we construct a dual counterpart of Cartan–Hartogs domains and give explicit expression of global Darboux coordinates for both Cartan–Hartogs domains and their dual. Further, we compute their symplectic capacity and show that a Cartan–Hartogs domain admits a symplectic duality if and only if it reduces to be a complex hyperbolic space.