bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Passenger Flow Control Plans for a Metro Station Based on Social Force Model
Authors: Wang Yimin , Yu Heng , Luo Yue , Qiu Peiyu , Chen Jiacheng
Published: June 2023

To better utilise the service capacity of the limited facilities of a metro station, as well as ensure safety and transport efficiency during peak hours, a large passenger flow control plan is studied through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, by passenger data collection and data analysis, the characteristics of the inbound and outbound passenger flow of a T metro station are analysed. Secondly, AnyLogic evacuation simulation models for the T Station during peak hours, peak hours without/with passenger flow control are established based on real passenger flow data as well as the station structures and layouts by using the AnyLogic software. The results show that there are no obvious congestions in the station hall, and the travel delay is significantly reduced when effective passenger flow control measures are taken. By controlling the speed, direction and movement path of passengers, as well as adjusting the operation of escalators, entrances and automatic ticket-checking machines, passenger flow can become more orderly, transport efficiency can also be improved, and congestion in the station can be well mitigated.
[Marie Sklovdoska Curie Fellowships: an international opportunity for early career hydrogeologists]
Authors: Viaroli Stefano , Di Curzio Diego , Di Sipio Eloisa , Re Viviana
Published: June 2023

[Article in Italian]
Pan-Canadian survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening and management: cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals
Authors: El-Zein Mariam , Ali Rami , Farah Eliya , Botting-Provost Sarah , Franco Eduardo L ,   Survey Study Group
Published: June 2023

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disruptions to cancer care by delaying diagnoses and treatment, presenting challenges and uncertainties for both patients and physicians. We conducted a nationwide online survey to investigate the effects of the pandemic and capture modifications, prompted by pandemic-related control measures, on cervical cancer screening-related activities from mid-March to mid-August 2020, across Canada.

Methods:

The survey consisted of 61 questions related to the continuum of care in cervical cancer screening and treatment: appointment scheduling, tests, colposcopy, follow-up, treatment of pre-cancerous lesions/cancer, and telemedicine. We piloted the survey with 21 Canadian experts in cervical cancer prevention and care. We partnered with the Society of Canadian Colposcopists, Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada, Canadian Association of Pathologists, and Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, which distributed the survey to their members via email. We reached out to family physicians and nurse practitioners via MDBriefCase. The survey was also posted on McGill Channels (Department of Family Medicine News and Events) and social media platforms. The data were analyzed descriptively.

Results:

Unique responses were collected from 510 participants (November 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021), representing 418 fully and 92 partially completed surveys. Responses were from Ontario (41.0%), British Columbia (21.0%), and Alberta (12.8%), and mostly comprised family physicians/general practitioners (43.7%), and gynecologist/obstetrician professionals (21.6%). Cancelled screening appointments were mainly reported by family physicians/general practitioners (28.3%), followed by gynecologist/obstetrician professionals (19.8%), and primarily occurred in private clinics (30.5%). Decreases in the number of screening Pap tests and colposcopy procedures were consistently observed across Canadian provinces. About 90% reported that their practice/institution adopted telemedicine to communicate with patients.

Conclusions:

The area most severely impacted by the pandemic was appointment scheduling, with an important level of cancellations reported. Survey results may inform resumptions of various fronts in cervical cancer screening and management.

Funding:

The present work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (operating grant COVID-19 May 2020 Rapid Research Funding Opportunity VR5-172666 Rapid Research competition and foundation grant 143347 to Eduardo L Franco). Eliya Farah and Rami Ali each received an MSc stipend from the Department of Oncology, McGill University.
Association between APOL1 risk variants and progression from infection to sepsis
Authors: Jiang Lan , Liu Ge , Oeser Annette , Ihegword Andrea , Dickson Alyson L. , Daniel Laura L. , Hung Adriana M , Cox Nancy J. , Chung Cecilia P. , Wei Wei-Qi , Stein C. Michael , Feng QiPing
Published: June 2023

Two risk variants in the apolipoprotein L1 gene (
APOL1
) have been associated with increased susceptibility to sepsis in Black patients. However, it remains unclear whether
APOL1
high-risk genotypes are associated with either progression from infection to sepsis or sepsis-related phenotypes, independent of their association with severe renal disease.To examine the association between
APOL1
high-risk genotypes and the risk of progression from infection to sepsis and sepsis-related phenotypes.A retrospective cohort study of 2,242 Black patients hospitalized with an infection.Carriage of
APOL1
high-risk genotypes.The primary outcome was sepsis; secondary outcomes were death and organ failure related to sepsis.Of 2,242 Black patients hospitalized with infections, 565 developed sepsis. Patients with high-risk
APOL1
genotypes had a significantly increased risk of sepsis (odds ratio [OR]=1.29 [95% CI, 1.00–1.67; p=0.047]); however, this association was not significant after adjustment for pre-existing severe renal disease (OR=1.14 [95% CI, 0.88-1.48; p=0.33]), nor after exclusion of those patients with pre-existing severe renal disease (OR=0.99 [95% CI, 0.70-1.39; p=0.95].
APOL1
high-risk genotypes were significantly associated with the renal dysfunction component of the Sepsis-3 criteria (OR=1.64 [95% CI, 1.21–2.22; p=0.001], but not with other sepsis-related organ dysfunction or death. The association between high-risk
APOL1
genotypes and sepsis-related renal dysfunction was markedly attenuated by adjusting for pre-existing severe renal disease (OR=1.36 [95% CI, 1.00–1.86; p=0.05]) and was nullified after exclusion of patients with pre-existing severe renal disease (OR=1.16 [95% CI, 0.74–1.81; p=0.52]).
APOL1
high-risk genotypes were associated with an increased risk of sepsis; however, this increased risk was attributable predominantly to pre-existing renal disease.
Multi-benthic size approach to unveil different environmental conditions in a Mediterranean harbor area (Ancona, Adriatic Sea, Italy)
Authors: Baldrighi Elisa , Pizzini Sarah , Punzo Elisa , Santelli Angela , Strafella Pierluigi , Scirocco Tommaso , Manini Elena , Fattorini Daniele , Vasapollo Claudio
Published: June 2023

Harbors are hubs of human activity and are subject to the continuous discharge and release of industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste and contaminants. Benthic organisms are largely known to reflect environmental conditions they live in. Despite meio- and macrofauna interacting within the benthic system, they are ecologically distinct components of the benthos and as such may not necessarily respond to environmental conditions and/or disturbances in the same way. However, in a few field studies the spatial patterns of meio- and macrofauna have been simultaneously compared. In the present study, we assess the response and patterns in the abundance, diversity, and distribution of the two benthic size classes to the different environmental conditions they live in (i.e., sediment concentrations of selected trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); organic matter contents and grain size) characterizing the Ancona Harbor (Adriatic Sea). Meio- and macrofauna provided partially similar types of information depending on the indices used (univariate measures or community structure/species composition) and the different ‘response-to-stress’. The community structure (i.e., taxa composition) of both benthic size components clearly showed differences among sampling stations located from inside to outside the harbor, reflecting the marked environmental heterogeneity and disturbance typically characterizing these systems. Notwithstanding, the univariate measures (i.e., meio- and macrofauna total abundance, diversity indices and equitability) didn’t show similar spatial patterns. Meiofauna were likely to be more sensitive to the effects of environmental features and contaminants than macrofauna. Overall, trace metals and PAHs affected the community composition of the two benthic components, but only the meiofauna abundance and diversity were related to the environmental variables considered (i.e., quantity and quality of organic matter). Our results pinpoint the importance of studying both meio- and macrofauna communities, which could provide greater insight into the processes affecting the investigated area and reveal different aspects of the benthic ecosystems in response to harbor conditions.
Algunas notas en relación con el alcance del “asunto litigioso” como causal de abstención de la potestad dictaminadora de la Contraloría General de la República
Authors: Cisterna Manzur Sofía
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo efectúa una revisión del artículo 6° inciso tercero de la Ley N° 10.336, precepto que impide a Contraloría hacer uso de su potestad dictaminadora en los casos que “por su naturaleza sean propiamente de carácter litigioso, o que estén sometidos al conocimiento de los Tribunales de Justicia”. Ello, con el propósito de señalar ciertas notas a su respecto que dicen relación con el alcance otorgado a la expresión asunto litigioso.
Responsabilidad precontractual en la contratación administrativa a partir del principio de la confianza legítima. El caso peruano
Authors: Cuba Meneses Erick
Published: June 2023

El desarrollo de la responsabilidad precontractual en el Perú es pobre, si es que se busca un régimen o una norma expresa en el ordenamiento. Por esta razón, la doctrina ha dedicado esfuerzos hermenéuticos para construir un sistema que permita prevenir, castigar y reparar el daño al incumplimiento de deberes precontractuales. En el derecho común, este tipo de responsabilidad pivota sobre el principio de buena fe reconocido en el régimen del acto jurídico, así como en la teoría general del contrato del Código Civil.  Sin embargo, no sucede lo mismo en la regulación de los contratos estatales. La Ley No 30225, Ley de Contratos del Estado peruana, guarda silencio respecto de las formas de responsabilidad que pudieran surgir en la preparación, celebración, ejecución y terminación de un contrato. En ese sentido, el autor procura asentar las bases para construir interpretativamente un sistema de responsabilidad precontractual en el contexto de los contratos del Estado a partir del principio de la confianza legítima.
Pathogenic Organisms Causing Respiratory Infections in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Stage V on Maintenance Haemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tanuku Raghu VS Rama , Badiya Eeshita , Venkata Krishna Sree Major T
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Pulmonary infections are the most common infectious cause of disability and mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage V patients on haemodialysis after cardiovascular disease. The incidence of pathogenic invasion of the lungs causing pneumonia is markedly higher in CKD stage V patients undergoing haemodialysis as compared to the general population. The risk is due to various factors including immune dysfunction, prolonged hospital stays leading to contact exposure, and hospital-acquired infections. The other important factors are anaemia, uremic toxins promoting pulmonary oedema, age, and vascular access through the arteriovenous fistula and internal jugular vein leading to catheter-induced respiratory infections. Aim: To study the common pathogens involved in causing lung infection in CKD stage V patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine/Nephrology at Andhra Medical College and King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The duration of the study was one month, from June 2019 to July 2019. A total of 50 patients were included in the study with CKD stage V on haemodialysis. The samples were between ages 18 to 75 years with respiratory symptoms and signs including fever, productive cough, and shortness of breath being the major complaints. These patients were subjected to certain investigations to isolate the organism. The parameters assessed were blood culture and sputum culture, haemoglobin, and chest X-ray. Sputum examination for Acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) was done to rule out tuberculosis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis and measurement, data were expressed as the Mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Results: The majority of the subjects were in the mean age group of 49 years and males were predominantly affected. The commonly isolated organism was gram-negative bacilli-Pseudomonas, with access common through arteriovenous fistula as compared to Escherichia coli (E.coli), which was common in patients with access through Internal Jugular Vein (IJV). Conclusion: The respiratory infection, that posed the burden in the present study was pneumonia. The common organism isolated was gram-negative bacteria being pseudomonas. The respiratory infections identified, were more through Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) access and common in patients with moderate to severe anaemia.
Analysis of Causes of Stillbirth in a Tertiary Care Hospital using ReCoDe Classification System: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Gupta Anju , Kaur Parneet , Aggarwal Sangeeta Rani
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Stillbirths account for a major proportion of perinatal deaths. In many cases of stillbirth, the cause remains unexplained. The ReCoDe system (classification of stillbirths by relevant condition at death) is a frequently used classification system that has helped us to improve the understanding of the causes of stillbirths. Aim: To identify factors associated with stillbirths and to classify the causes of stillbirths using the ReCoDe system. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India, from February 2020 to January 2021. All the mothers with a history of antepartum and intrapartum foetal mortality with the diagnosis of intrauterine foetal death after 20 weeks of gestation were included in the study. A detailed history of the mother was taken and an examination of the mother, stillborn babies, placenta, and umbilical cord was done. ReCoDe system was used to classify the causes of stillbirth. For statistical analysis mean and percentages were used. Results: There were 287 women with intrauterine foetal death admitted during the study period. Maternal age ranged from 18- 40 years, majority (n=157, 54.7%) women belonged to the age group of 24-29 years. The stillbirth rate was 78.95 per 1000 live births. The cause of stillbirth could be explained in 235 (81.89%) cases by using the ReCoDe system. Hypertensive disorders in 91 (31.71%) were the most common cause followed by foetal growth restriction in 46 (16.02%). Conclusion: ReCoDe system was useful in classifying the causes of stillbirths in the resource-limited settings.
Status of Vocationally Trained Women in Amritsar District of Punjab, India
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Sharma Priyanka , Iqbal Tariq , Shelar Rohit
Published: June 2023

The present study was conducted in the Amritsar District of Punjab. Purposive cum random sampling technique was followed for the selection of vocationally trained women. Amritsar district was selected purposively as there was no such study conducted previously on vocational training program for women. A list of vocational trained women was procured from KVK, Nagkalan which is the only KVK functional in Amritsar district and from the procured list 100 vocationally trained women were selected randomly for the present study. Results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were educated up to the higher secondary level. Neighbors were the main source of information about the vocational training at KVK for the majority of women respondents. Moreover, there were little less than half percent of women respondents who got support from their family to start their own enterprises after getting training. Regression model was used and form the data, it is concluded that among all independent variables, age and education had a significant effect on respondent’s decision to start their own enterprises.
Financial Ratios and Corporate Governance's Impact on Financial Performance in the Indonesian Stock Market: The Case in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Rahmawati Ika Yustina , Najmudin  , Adawiyah Wiwiek Robiatul , Jayanti Esih , Berniz Yulis Maulida , Utami Yuni
Published: June 2023

Aims: Here to determine how financial ratios in this case, liquidity and leverage ratios along with an examination of corporate governance in this case, institutional and management ownership affect the company's financial performance.

Study Design: The population of the study consists of 194 manufacturing-related companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019–2021 period. The data for this study came from the company's annual report.

Methodology: The method used to gather the data was purposeful sampling. For this inquiry, 36 businesses served as samples. The conventional assumption test, multiple regression analysis, model fit test, and hypothesis testing are tested using the analytical tool Eviews 12.

Results: Given that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and liquidity ratios are the variables affecting the company's financial performance, the analysis' findings show that only one hypothesis—the impact of the leverage ratio on the company's financial performance—is supported, whereas H2, H3, and H4 are not.
Value Added Products of Pearl Millet Foods: Adoption and Acceptability by Rural Women
Authors: Singh D. V. , Chand Priyanka
Published: June 2023

Investigations were carried out to assess the sensory evaluation (organoleptic tests) and adoption feasibility of different pearl millet products among rural women. Study was conducted in Tonk district of Rajasthan state. Total 25 rural women of Sangrampura, Khandawa, Harbhamata, Palai and Damodarpura villages were purposively selected for this study. Results indicate that on the basis of comparative sensory evaluation and rank wise preferential choice of pearl millet products, majority of women accepted ladoo (mean score 2.68) and shakarapare (mean score 2.50) which got rank I and II and salty products ranked III and IV. Overall adoption feasibility of these products was 79 per cent which means high level of adoption of these products.
Agro-morphological Characterization of Proso millet Germplasm for Utilization
Authors: Elangovan M. , Singode Avinash , Venkatesh Karnam , Amasiddha B. , Karthik A. Sai , Pandey Sushil , Pandey Chithra Devi
Published: June 2023

Aims: In this study, 634 accessions of proso millet were evaluated to assess phenotypic diversity using morpho-agronomic traits, aiming to identify specific donors for desired traits.

Study Design:  Augmented design.

Place and Duration of Study: During the Kharif season of 2021, a total of 634 proso millet germplasm accessions were characterized, alongside three control varieties, as part of the Institute Project (IIMR/CI/2021-2026/150) at ICAR-IIMR in Hyderabad.

Methodology: The experimental design employed was an augmented block design, and four check varieties, namely GPUP 8, TNAU 145, TNAU 164, and TNAU 202, were included.

Results: The results revealed significant variation across all the traits studied. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first three principal components accounted for 60% of the total variation. PC1 accounted for 27.3% of the variation, followed by PC2 (22.6%) and PC3 (10%). PC1 was primarily influenced by Leaf blade length (cm), Peduncle length (cm), Panicle length (cm), Plant height (cm), and grain yield (g plant-1). Furthermore, the study identified 21 accessions with superior performance in multiple traits (3-6 traits).

Conclusion: These accessions can serve as valuable genetic resources for improving yield and quality traits. The selected multi-trait donors can be directly released for cultivation, serving as a short-term breeding goal. This approach has the potential to enable farmers to achieve high remuneration by harvesting increased yields.
Utilization of PM Street Vendor's AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PMSVANidhi) and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) by the Urban Informal Sector
Authors: Balamurugan J. , Johns Gloria Mary , Das Priyamvada , Basu Prithvijit
Published: June 2023

Introduction: PMSVAnidhi and PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana are two schemes which were designed to help improve the quality of the lives of the people working in urban informal sectors. The COVID-19 has had a huge impact on everyone’s daily life including the urban informal sector employees, but these schemes when found to have been implemented in a disastrous situation like this, was found to be rather disadvantageous due to some loopholes and lacunae in the designing of the scheme, rendering them useless to its beneficiaries.

Objectives: This study will evaluate the government-aided programs created to help people in the urban informal sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, and see how well they've been beneficial to the people. It was also intended to find further slits in the designs and its implementation by the authorities, other than already the existing ones.

Methodology: This study was conducted mainly through secondary literature sources such as review and research paper, electronic journals, etc.

Findings: In case of PMSVAnidhi, it was found that due to inadequate information on registration forms or a lack of knowledge, registration declined in several states, and public sector banks dispersed maximum loans, with private sector, rural, and cooperative banks contributing the most meager figures. At the same time due to people not obtaining claims and people receiving low rates, PMJJBY enrollments decreased every year. Thus, this study has shown that these schemes aren’t always fool-proof and these loopholes tend to be misused and deleterious in unfavorable times where these schemes can really help its beneficiaries.
Chemotherapy-Induced Pseudocellulitis Without Prior Radiation Exposure
Authors: Kovacs Leah D. , O’Donoghue Michaela , Cogen Anna L.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Chemotherapy-induced pseudocellulitis is an ill-defined term for a poorly understood phenomenon. Encompassing a myriad of cellulitis-mimicking oncologic adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDRs), pseudocellulitis may be difficult to diagnosis, and the lack of treatment guidance may mean unnecessary antibiotic exposure and interruptions to oncologic care.

Objectives

To use case reports to characterize the various cellulitis-mimicking reactions caused by chemotherapeutic medications, to understand how these reactions affect patient care (ie, antibiotic exposure and interruptions to oncologic treatment), and to make recommendations for improved diagnosis and care of patients with chemotherapy-induced pseudocellulitis.

Evidence Review

A systematic review of case reports of patients with pseudocellulitis was performed. Reports were identified through database searches using PubMed and Embase, with subsequent reference searches. Included publications described at least 1 case of chemotherapy-induced ACDR and used the term pseudocellulitis or showed evidence of cellulitis mimicry. Cases of radiation recall dermatitis were excluded. Data were extracted from a total of 32 publications representing 81 patients diagnosed with pseudocellulitis.

Findings

Of the 81 cases (median [range] age, 67 [36-80] years; 44 [54%] male patients), most were associated with gemcitabine use; pemetrexed use was reported less frequently. Only 39 were considered to be true chemotherapy-induced pseudocellulitis. These cases resembled infectious cellulitis and did not meet diagnostic criteria for any known diagnoses; therefore, these were described solely as pseudocellulitis. Of this group, 26 patients (67%) had been administered antibiotics before the correct diagnosis was made, and 14 patients (36%) experienced interruptions to their oncologic treatment plans.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review found a variety of chemotherapy-induced ACDRs that mimic infectious cellulitis, including a group of reactions termed pseudocellulitis that do not meet criteria for other diagnoses. A more universally accepted definition and clinical research on chemotherapy-induced pseudocellulitis would allow for more accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, antibiotic stewardship, and continuation of oncologic treatment.
Characterization of Brain Volume Changes in Aging Individuals With Normal Cognition Using Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Fujita Shohei , Mori Susumu , Onda Kengo , Hanaoka Shouhei , Nomura Yukihiro , Nakao Takahiro , Yoshikawa Takeharu , Takao Hidemasa , Hayashi Naoto , Abe Osamu
Published: June 2023

Importance

Characterizing longitudinal patterns of regional brain volume changes in a population with normal cognition at the individual level could improve understanding of the brain aging process and may aid in the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective

To investigate age-related trajectories of the volumes and volume change rates of brain structures in participants without dementia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted from November 1, 2006, to April 30, 2021, at a single academic health-checkup center among 653 individuals who participated in a health screening program with more than 10 years of serial visits.

Exposure

Serial magnetic resonance imaging, Mini-Mental State Examination, health checkup.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Volumes and volume change rates across brain tissue types and regions.

Results

The study sample included 653 healthy control individuals (mean [SD] age at baseline, 55.1 [9.3] years; median age, 55 years [IQR, 47-62 years]; 447 men [69%]), who were followed up annually for up to 15 years (mean [SD], 11.5 [1.8] years; mean [SD] number of scans, 12.1 [1.9]; total visits, 7915). Each brain structure showed characteristic age-dependent volume and atrophy change rates. In particular, the cortical gray matter showed a consistent pattern of volume loss in each brain lobe with aging. The white matter showed an age-related decrease in volume and an accelerated atrophy rate (regression coefficient, −0.016 [95% CI, −0.012 to –0.011]; P < .001). An accelerated age-related volume increase in the cerebrospinal fluid–filled spaces, particularly in the inferior lateral ventricle and the Sylvian fissure, was also observed (ventricle regression coefficient, 0.042 [95% CI, 0.037-0.047]; P < .001; sulcus regression coefficient, 0.021 [95% CI, 0.018-0.023]; P < .001). The temporal lobe atrophy rate accelerated from approximately 70 years of age, preceded by acceleration of atrophy in the hippocampus and amygdala.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of adults without dementia, age-dependent brain structure volumes and volume change rates in various brain structures were characterized using serial magnetic resonance imaging scans. These findings clarified the normal distributions in the aging brain, which are essential for understanding the process of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Leaf‐Structure‐Inspired Through‐Hole Electrode with Boosted Mass Transfer and Photothermal Effect for Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Zhou Yaya , Ma Yibing , Wang Xinyu , Yang Guiyan , Ding Yiqin , Cui Yushuang , Zhang Jian , Ge Haixiong , Sun Junting
Published: June 2023

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a bottleneck for the electrocatalytic water splitting. In addition to improving the intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts, the electrode structure and external environment also have a significant influence on catalytic performance. Inspired by photosynthesis in plant leaves, a photothermal conversion strategy is proposed via the decoration of photothermal responsive MoS2/FeCoNiS‐nanotube (MoS2/FeCoNiS‐NT) on designed through‐hole porous nickel foam (PNF), defined as MoS2/FeCoNiS‐NT@PNF, to boost OER performance. The PNF facilitated bubble transport in OER by mimicking stomata structure of the leaf, and simultaneously, the MoS2/FeCoNiS‐NT increases light absorption and photothermal conversion by simulating the leaf epidermis. Benefiting from bionic structure and functional design, the MoS2/FeCoNiS‐NT@PNF electrode exhibits highly effective oxygen‐evolving ability and excellent photothermal conversion capacity (surface temperature: 25 °C → 52.3 °C, AM1.5G), which increases the intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts. With the assistance of optimized electrode structure and the photothermal effect, the MoS2/FeCoNiS‐NT@PNF electrode exhibits a low overpotential of 214 mV to achieve 50 mA cm−2. This research reveals that tuning the electrode structure can promote light absorption in the electrolyte in favor of OER performance, which can serve as an inspiration for the development of high‐performance catalytic electrodes.
Convergence of Calcium Channel Regulation and Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Regenerative Biomaterial Design
Authors: LaGuardia Jonnby S. , Shariati Kaavian , Bedar Meiwand , Ren Xiaoyan , Moghadam Shahrzad , Huang Kelly X. , Chen Wei , Kang Youngnam , Yamaguchi Dean T. , Lee Justine C.
Published: June 2023

Cells are known to perceive their microenvironment through extracellular and intracellular mechanical signals. Upon sensing mechanical stimuli, cells can initiate various downstream signaling pathways that are vital to regulating proliferation, growth, and homeostasis. One such physiologic activity modulated by mechanical stimuli is osteogenic differentiation. The process of osteogenic mechanotransduction is regulated by numerous calcium ion channels—including channels coupled to cilia, mechanosensitive and voltage‐sensitive channels, and channels associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Evidence suggests these channels are implicated in osteogenic pathways such as the YAP/TAZ and canonical Wnt pathways. This review aims to describe the involvement of calcium channels in regulating osteogenic differentiation in response to mechanical loading and characterize the fashion in which those channels directly or indirectly mediate this process. The mechanotransduction pathway is a promising target for the development of regenerative materials for clinical applications due to its independence from exogenous growth factor supplementation. As such, also described are examples of osteogenic biomaterial strategies that involve the discussed calcium ion channels, calcium‐dependent cellular structures, or calcium ion‐regulating cellular features. Understanding the distinct ways calcium channels and signaling regulate these processes may uncover potential targets for advancing biomaterials with regenerative osteogenic capabilities.
Programming Cell‐Derived Vesicles with Enhanced Immunomodulatory Properties
Authors: Neupane Khaga R. , Ramon Geraldine S. , Harvey Brock , Chun Byeong , Aryal Surya P. , Masud Abdullah A. , McCorkle J. Robert , Kolesar Jill M. , Kekenes‐Huskey Peter M. , Richards Christopher I.
Published: June 2023

Tumor‐associated macrophages are the predominant immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment and mostly exhibit a pro‐tumoral M2‐like phenotype. However, macrophage biology is reversible allowing them to acquire an anti‐tumoral M1‐like phenotype in response to external stimuli. A potential therapeutic strategy for treating cancer may be achieved by modulating macrophages from an M2 to an M1‐like phenotype with the tumor microenvironment. Here, programmed nanovesicles are generated as an immunomodulatory therapeutic platform with the capability to re‐polarize M2 macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype. Programmed nanovesicles are engineered from cellular membranes to have specific immunomodulatory properties including the capability to bidirectionally modulate immune cell polarization. These programmed nanovesicles decorated with specific membrane‐bound ligands can be targeted toward specific cell types including immune cells. Macrophage‐derived vesicles are engineered to enhance immune cell reprogramming toward a proinflammatory phenotype.
Eye‐Mimicked Neural Network Composed of Photosensitive Neural Spheroids with Human Opsin Proteins
Authors: Park Byeongho , Bang Seokyoung , Hwang Kyeong Seob , Cha Yeon Kyung , Kwak Jisung , Tran Na Ly , Kim Hyo‐Suk , Park Subeen , Oh Seung Ja , Im Maesoon , Chung Sooyoung , Kim Jongbaeg , Park Tai Hyun , Song Hyun Seok , Kim Hong Nam , Kim Jae Hun
Published: June 2023

An in vitro model, composed of the short‐wavelength human opsins and rhodopsins, is created. Two types of photosensitive neural spheroids are transfected for selective reaction under bluish‐purple and green lights. These are employed to two devices with intact neuron and neural‐spheroid to study the interaction. By photostimulation, the photosensitive spheroid initiated photoactivation, and the signal generated from its body is transmitted to adjacent neural networks. Specifically, the signal traveled through the axon bundle in narrow gap from photosensitive spheroid to intact spheroid as an eye‐to‐brain model including optic nerve. The whole process with photosensitive spheroid is monitored by calcium ion detecting fluorescence images. The results of this study can be applied to examine vision restoration and novel photosensitive biological systems with spectral sensitivity.
Quasi‐Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Cai Wenlong , Deng Yan , Deng Zhiwen , Jia Ye , Li Zeheng , Zhang Xuemei , Xu Changhaoyue , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Zhang Yun , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2023

The poor compatibility with Li metal and electrolyte oxidation stability preclude the utilization of commercial ester‐based electrolytes for high‐voltage lithium metal batteries. This work proposes a quasi‐localized high‐concentration electrolyte (q‐LHCE) by partially replacing solvents in conventional LiPF6 based carbonated electrolyte with fluorinated analogs (fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC)) with weakly‐solvating ability. The q‐LHCE enables the formation of an anion‐rich solvation sheath, which functions like LHCE but differs in the partial participation of weakly‐solvating cosolvent in the solvation structure. With this optimized electrolyte, inorganic‐dominated solid electrolyte interphases are achieved on both the cathode and anode, leading to uniform Li deposition, suppressed electrolyte decomposition and cathode deterioration. Consequently, q‐LHCE supports stable cycling of Li | LiCoO2 (≈3.5 mAh cm−2) cells at 4.5 V under the whole climate range (from −20 to 45 °C) with limited Li consumption. A practical ampere‐hour level graphite | LiCoO2 pouch cell at 4.5 V and aggressive Li | LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cell at 5.0 V with excellent capacity retention further reveals the effectiveness of q‐LHCE. The refinement of old‐fashioned carbonate electrolytes provides new perspectives toward practical high‐voltage battery systems.
Principles of Designing Electrocatalyst to Boost Reactivity for Seawater Splitting
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Chi Jingqi , Mao Huimin , Wang Lei
Published: June 2023

Directly seawater electrolysis would be a transformative technology for large‐scale carbon‐neutral hydrogenproduction without relying on pure water. However, current seawater splitting is challenged by detrimental chlorine chemistry, the sluggish kinetics, and the existence of impurities/precipitates, making it more difficult than pure water splitting. So far, tremendous efforts have been made to develop electrocatalysts to boost the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities for seawater‐based electrolyzers. To get further insights into the current achievements and future perspectives of the catalysts for seawater electrolysis, general principles are summarized for a comprehensive optimization, ranging from active sites, electrochemical interface, to electron transfer path, to fully improve electrocatalytic performance for seawater electrolysis. Then, aiming at the different challenges of the cathode and anode for seawater electrolysis, unique strategies to design effective cathodic and anodic catalysts, such pH design criterion, selective HER/OER, and Cl− blocking layers, are discussed, respectively. Also, several future fields which are worthy for further exploration as rational extensions of developing electrocatalysts toward practical applications are put forward.
Breaking Consecutive Hydrogen‐Bond Network Toward High‐Rate Hydrous Organic Zinc Batteries
Authors: Cui Changjun , Han Daliang , Lu Haotian , Li Zhiguo , Zhang Kangyu , Zhang Bo , Guo Xiaoxia , Sun Rui , Ye Xiaolin , Gao Jiachen , Liu Yingxin , Guo Yong , Meng Rongwei , Wei Chunguang , Yin Lichang , Kang Feiyu , Weng Zhe , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: June 2023

Zinc batteries hold great potential for stationary energy storage but suffer from severe dendrite growth, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution troubles in aqueous electrolytes. Despite the impressive efficacy of non‐flammable hydrous organic electrolytes in addressing these problems, the insufficient ionic conductivity hinders the rate capability and practicability of hydrous organic Zn batteries. Here, methanol is proposed as a co‐solvent for ethylene glycol (EG)‐based hydrous organic electrolytes, where its methyl terminal group can interrupt the continuous intermolecular hydrogen bond network among EG. The new hydrous organic electrolyte exhibits a doubled ionic conductivity without sacrificing the exceptional nonflammability. As a result, the Zn anode exhibits a long‐term cycling stability over 4000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2, a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, high‐rate capability up to 20 mA cm‒2, and impressive low‐temperature tolerance of ‒60 °C. The Zn||V2O5 pouch cell with the electrolyte is capable of operating under extreme operation conditions involving needling, package breakage, and even exposure to fire. This work paves an avenue toward electrolyte design for high‐rate practical Zn batteries and beyond.
A Network Imaging Biomarker of X‐Linked Dystonia‐Parkinsonism
Authors: Niethammer Martin , Tang Chris C. , Jamora Roland Dominic G. , Vo An , Nguyen Nha , Ma Yilong , Peng Shichun , Waugh Jeff L. , Westenberger Ana , Eidelberg David
Published: June 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to characterize a metabolic brain network associated with X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism (XDP).

Methods

Thirty right‐handed Filipino men with XDP (age = 44.4 ± 8.5 years) and 30 XDP‐causing mutation negative healthy men from the same population (age = 37.4 ± 10.5 years) underwent [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Scans were analyzed using spatial covariance mapping to identify a significant XDP‐related metabolic pattern (XDPRP). Patients were rated clinically at the time of imaging according to the XDP‐Movement Disorder Society of the Philippines (MDSP) scale.

Results

We identified a significant XDPRP topography from 15 randomly selected subjects with XDP and 15 control subjects. This pattern was characterized by bilateral metabolic reductions in caudate/putamen, frontal operculum, and cingulate cortex, with relative increases in the bilateral somatosensory cortex and cerebellar vermis. Age‐corrected expression of XDPRP was significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) in XDP compared to controls in the derivation set and in the remaining 15 patients (testing set). We validated the XDPRP topography by identifying a similar pattern in the original testing set (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001; voxel‐wise correlation between both patterns). Significant correlations between XDPRP expression and clinical ratings for parkinsonism—but not dystonia—were observed in both XDP groups. Further network analysis revealed abnormalities of information transfer through the XDPRP space, with loss of normal connectivity and gain of abnormal functional connections linking network nodes with outside brain regions.

Interpretation

XDP is associated with a characteristic metabolic network associated with abnormal functional connectivity among the basal ganglia, thalamus, motor regions, and cerebellum. Clinical signs may relate to faulty information transfer through the network to outside brain regions. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:684–695
Safety and immunogenicity of a third dose of mRNA‐1273 vaccine among cancer patients
Authors: Giuliano Anna , Kuter Barbara , Pilon‐Thomas Shari , Whiting Junmin , Mo Qianxing , Leav Brett , Sirak Bradley , Cubitt Christopher , Dukes Christopher , Isaacs‐Soriano Kimberly , Kennedy Kayoko , Ball Somedeb , Dong Ning , Jain Akriti , Hwu Patrick , Lancet Jeffrey
Published: June 2023

Background

Compared to the general population, cancer patients are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The immune response to a two‐dose regimen of mRNA vaccines in cancer patients is generally lower than in immunocompetent individuals. Booster doses may meaningfully augment immune response in this population. We conducted an observational study with the primary objective of determining the immunogenicity of vaccine dose three (100 μg) of mRNA‐1273 among cancer patients and a secondary objective of evaluating safety at 14 and 28 days.

Methods

The mRNA‐1273 vaccine was administered ∼7 to 9 months after administering two vaccine doses (i.e., the primary series). Immune responses (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) were assessed 28 days post‐dose three. Adverse events were collected at days 14 (± 5) and 28 (+5) post‐dose three. Fisher exact or X2 tests were used to compare SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody positivity rates, and paired t‐tests were used to compare SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) across different time intervals.

Results

Among 284 adults diagnosed with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies, dose three of mRNA‐1273 increased the percentage of patients seropositive for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody from 81.7% pre‐dose three to 94.4% 28 days post‐dose three. GMTs increased 19.0‐fold (15.8‐22.8). Patients with lymphoid cancers or solid tumors had the lowest and highest antibody titers post–dose three, respectively. Antibody responses after dose three were reduced among those who received anti‐CD20 antibody treatment, had lower total lymphocyte counts and received anticancer therapy within 3 months. Among patients seronegative for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody pre‐dose three, 69.2% seroconverted after dose three. A majority (70.4%) experienced mostly mild, transient adverse reactions within 14 days of dose three, whereas severe treatment‐emergent events within 28 days were very rare (<2%).

Conclusion

Dose three of the mRNA‐1273 vaccine was well‐tolerated and augmented SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity in cancer patients, especially those who did not seroconvert post–dose two or whose GMTs significantly waned post–dose two. Lymphoid cancer patients experienced lower humoral responses to dose three of the mRNA‐1273 vaccine, suggesting that timely access to boosters is important for this population.
Dust‐ion‐acoustic shock wave excitations at super‐critical points with quartic nonlinearity
Authors: Akter Parvin , Hafez M. G.
Published: June 2023

Progress in understanding the propagation of dust ion acoustic shock waves for the super critical values of any specific parameter which accompany an unmagnetized collisionless four‐component dusty multi‐ion nonextensive plasma is presented. To accomplish this goal, the formation of modified Burgers‐type equation having quartic nonlinearity via the reductive perturbation method and its analytical solution is yielded for the first time. It is found that the compressive electrostatic shocks are supported not only around the super critical values but also at the super critical values of the specific parameters. The presented results would be applicable to comprehend wave propagation in interplanetary plasmas and laboratory plasmas.
Take me for a ride: Herbivores can facilitate plant reinvasions
Authors: Sullivan Lauren L. , Shaw Allison K.
Published: June 2023

Herbivores shape plant invasions through impacts on demography and dispersal, yet only demographic mechanisms are well understood. Although herbivores negatively impact demography by definition, they can affect dispersal either negatively (e.g., seed consumption), or positively (e.g., caching). Exploring the nuances of how herbivores influence spatial spread will improve the forecasting of plant movement on the landscape. Here, we aim to understand how herbivores impact how fast plant populations spread through varying impacts on plant demography and dispersal. We strive to determine whether, and under what conditions, we see net positive effects of herbivores, in order to find scenarios where herbivores can help to promote spread. We draw on classic invasion theory to develop a stage‐structured integrodifference equation model that incorporates herbivore impacts on plant demography and dispersal. We simulate seven herbivore “syndromes” (combinations of demographic and/or dispersal effects) drawn from the literature to understand how increasing herbivore pressure alters plant spreading speed. We find that herbivores with solely negative effects on plant demography or dispersal always slow plant spreading speed, and that the speed slows monotonically as herbivore pressure increases. However, we also find that plant spreading speed can be hump shaped with respect to herbivore pressure: plants spread faster in the presence of herbivores (for low herbivore pressure) and then slower (for high herbivore pressure). This result is robust, occurring across all syndromes in which herbivores have a positive effect on plant dispersal, and is a sign that the positive effects of herbivores on dispersal can outweigh their negative effects on demography. For all syndromes we find that sufficiently high herbivore pressure results in population collapse. Thus, our findings show that herbivores can speed up or slow down plant spread. These insights allow for a greater understanding of how to slow invasions, facilitate native species recolonization, and shape range shifts with global change.