bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of some C-Ti based multilayer and composite nanostructures
Authors:   Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta, Constanta, Romania 900527, Ciupina V. , Lungu C. P. ,   National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest Romania, Vladoiu R. ,   Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta, Constanta, Romania 900527, Prodan G. C. ,   Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta, Constanta, Romania 900527, Porosnicu C. ,   National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest Romania, Vasile E. ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science,Department of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, No. 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, Bucharest 011061, Romania, Prodan M. ,   Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta, Constanta, Romania 900527, Nicolescu V. ,   CERONAV Constanta, Pescarilor Street no. 69A, 900581 Constanta, Romania, Dinca V. ,   Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta, Constanta, Romania 900527, Cupsa O. ,   CERONAV Constanta, Pescarilor Street no. 69A, 900581 Constanta, Romania, Velea A. ,   National Institute for Materials Physics, Atomistilor No. 405, 077125, Magurele, Romania, Manu R. ,   National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa" 300 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta, Romania 90058
Published: April 2022

Carbon-Titanium multilayer and composite thin films were obtained by Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) method. The nanostructured films consisted by a carbon base layer and seven alternatively Titanium and Carbon layers were deposed on Silicon substrate. As well, to give C-Ti multilayer films with different percentages in Ti and C of layers, a thick Carbon base layer was deposed on Si substrate, and then seven Ti-C layers. In order to achieve the successively layers with C, and Ti different percentages, were adjusted the discharge parameters of C and Ti plasma sources to obtain the desired composition of layers. By changing of substrate temperature, and on the other hand the bias potential up to –700V, different batches of samples were obtained. Characterization of structural properties of films was achieved by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and Electron Microscopy technique (TEM). The measurements show that increase of the substrate temperature reveal the changes in TixCy lattice parameters. The tribological measurements were performed using a ball-on-disk system with normal forces of 0.5, 1, 2, 3N respectively and a Bruker Hystrion TI 980 TriboIndenter. Was found that the coefficient of friction depends on the synthesis temperature, bias voltage and also by the C content, Ti content and amount of TiC nanocrystallites. To characterize the electrical conductive properties, the electrical surface resistance versus temperature have been measured, and then the electrical conductivity is calculated. Using the Wiedeman-Frantz law was obtained the thermal conductivity.
Effects of BAP and Lighting Duration on Banana (Musa paradisiaca cv. Raja Bulu) Micropropagation
Authors: Manurung Benyamin Yosafat , Dewi Prita Sari , Dwiati Murni
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the best concentration of 6-Benzilaminopurine (BAP) and lighting duration for Raja Bulu banana cultivar micropropagation. The explant was taken from Pagubugan Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. The experiment was arranged as a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was BAP, with concentration used were 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 mg/L and the addition of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 0.5 mg/L for all treatment. The second factor was lighting treatment. All explants were put in dark incubation for two weeks followed by light duration treatment: 12 hours of light/day and 16 hours of light/day for the next two weeks. The addition of BAP increased the number of shoots, but did not affect time for shoot initiation, shoot height, number of leaves and number of roots. The best BAP concentration was 2.5 mg/L with an average number of 3.2 shoots/explant. Scalps were formed in the treatment of BAP 5 mg/L and 7 mg/L after four weeks of incubation and has the potential to become new shoots. Nevertheless, the lighting duration did not affect all observed variables.
Determination of Proximate Composition of Local Corn Cultivar from Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku Regency
Authors: Sinay Hermalina , Harijati Nunung
Published: April 2022

As a staple food, which consumed by many peoples in almost all places world wide, corn (Zea mays L.) has become very important. As well as in Indonesia, especially in Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku regency, corn already be the one of the most important food crops. The purpose of this study was to determine proximate content of local corn kernels from Kisar Island Maluku. Proximate analysis included content of water, fat, protein, ash, crude fiber, total carbohydrate and total sugar. Data collected are presented in form of table and analyzed descriptively. The data obtained were compared to the Indonesian national standard (SNI) of proximate content for corn kernels as well as to other results that have been reported by several researchers. The results of seven local corn cultivars from Kisar Island were in accordance with SNI standards about content of ash (1.13-2.04%), protein (9.14-13.02%), crude fiber (2.17 - 2.72%), fat (3.47-5.10% ), total carbohydrate (69.7 % -75.74%), and total sugar (58.66% -68.7%). The novelty of this research is to reveal the proximate content of local corn kernels from Kisar Island. This research is expected to be useful as a source of information about the proximate content of local corn seeds, and for instance it can be considered in the utilization and development of local corn in Kisar Island.
Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida spp. responsible for Pulmonary Candidiasis
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Mahdani Wilda , Rajuliana Rajuliana
Published: April 2022

Fungal infection can occur in almost all parts of the human body, including the respiratory system. One group of fungi causing opportunistic infections in the lungs also known as pulmonary candidiasis is Candida spp. This study aimed to determine species diversity and antifungal sensitivity of Candida sp. causing pulmonary candidiasis from sputum specimen isolates in the Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH). The sputum specimens were from inpatients and outpatients during a period of January 2019 to January 2021. Identification of Candida spp. and the antifungal sensitivity were carried out using culture and Gram Staining as well as the VITEK® 2 Compact. The results of this study indicated that there were six species of Candida sp. obtained from the study period. Of total 73 isolates, the highest percentage of species was Candida albicans (56.16%). The percentage of pulmonary candidiasis based on age was dominated by the early-late age category 46-65 years (50.68%) and based on sex was dominated by men (71.23%). Antifungal susceptibility assays revealed that the Candida species remained highly susceptible to the antifungals (amphotericin B, caspofungin, flucytosine, fluconazole, micafungin, and voriconazole), i.e., greater than 91 percent. Overall, the results of this study indicated that pulmonary candidiasis were predominantly related to C. albicans and C. tropicalis infections in ZAH and the sensitivity of antifungal drugs remained empirically and definitively effective. This research might be important as a part of infection prevention and control strategies, as well as the administration of empirical antifungals to combat Candida-mediated lung infections.
Removal of Textile Dye, RBBR, via Decolorization by Trametes hirsuta AA-017
Authors: Laksmi Fina Amreta , Agustriana Eva , Nuryana Isa , Rachmayati Rike , Perwitasari Urip , Rumaisha Rumaisha , Andriani Ade
Published: April 2022

The use of synthetic dyes has an impact on the possibility of disposing such dyes into the environment. Fungal decolorization is one promising approach due to its capability to degrade dyes, thus, exploring fungi that can be applied in dye decolorization is essential. We investigated our potential strain of Trametes hirsuta to decolorize Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR). The enzyme activity of laccase in various conditions was observed using Syringaldazine as a substrate, while fungal immobilization was conducted using calcium alginate as a solid support. The results indicated that CuSO4 was the best inducer for the decolorization process. The fungus was able to perform 79.5% of RBBR decolorization for 48 hours in the presence of CuSO4. Laccase was the prominent detected ligninolytic enzyme when decolorization was performed. The immobilized cells were able to decolorize 85% RBBR under 0.8 mM CuSO4 andused for 3 cycles of decolorization. This study reveals the potential of fungal usage in the form of the immobilized and free cell to overcome the persistence of dye pollutants problem, as it is considered an effective, economic and eco-friendly approach for RBBR dye decolorization. These strategies can be suggested to encourage ecologically sustainable development for bioremediation.
Profile of Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity in Cell Suspension Culture of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus
Authors: Habibah Noor Aini , Nugrahaningsih Nugrahaningsih , Safitri Safitri , Musafa Fajar , Wijawati Nur
Published: April 2022

Cell suspension cultures of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus produce flavonoids and various secondary metabolites. Flavonoid profile and antioxidant activity of the suspension culture extract of E. grandiflorus cells have not been studied. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity and flavonoid profile of the suspension culture extract of E. grandiflorus cells. Cell suspension cultures of E. grandiflorus were produced from leaf stalk callus that grew on WPM medium with a growth regulator 2.5 ppm 2,4-D. Cells were harvested at 30 days old and then extracted for profile analysis of bioactive compounds using the LC-MS method. The antioxidant activity analysis was conceded out using the DPPH method. The results showed that there were 32 types of flavonoids, of which 11 compounds had a concentration of more than 1% of the total bioactive compounds and had the potential to have antioxidant activity. The analysis results also showed that flavonoids type, composition, and antioxidant activity were not significantly different between the ages of E. grandiflorus cell suspension cultures. In addition, there was no correlation between flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity. This study enriches information about secondary metabolites production in the E. grandiflorus cell culture which is still very rarely studied because of its rarity. The study also provides potential antioxidant as a scientific basis evident for E. grandifloras cell culture application in medical purpose.
Types of Rats and Their Parasites That Potential to Transmit Disease in Tugu District, Semarang City
Authors: Setiati Ning , Auliya Rusyda , Partaya Partaya , Bodijantoro F. Putut Martin Herry , Indriyanti Dyah Rini , Widiyaningrum Priyantini
Published: April 2022

Rats are known as vectors and reservoirs for various types of ecto and endoparasites. The existence of rats as cosmopolitan animals allows for complex parasitic transmission due to the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. This study aimed to provide informative data on the types of rat along with their ecto- and endoparasites. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection was carried out by random sampling survey with a point time approach. Data collection was carried out in 4 villages, namely Tugurejo, Mangkang Wetan, Mangunharjo, and Mangkang Kulon Villages, Tugu District, Semarang City. A total of 89 rats were obtained, the species obtained were R. norvegicus, R. argentiventer, R. exulans, R. tiomanicus, R. surifer, R. tanezumi, B indica, and S. murinus. Ectoparasite infestation was found in all types of rats except S. murinus. The ectoparasites found were Xenopsylla cheopis and Laelaps echidninus which were reported as the main vectors of murine typhus, epidemic typhus, bartonellosis as well as scrub typhus and Q-fever disease. Endoparasite infestation was found in the intestinal organs, namely Diphyllobothrium sp. and two species of worm eggs Hymnoepis sp. and Trichuris trichiura which were reported as the cause of Diphyllobothriasis as well as digestion, absorption, which can result in the loss of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and blood in large quantities. Diphyllobothriasis is not transmitted from person to person, more than one family member can be infected by sharing common meals and having similar eating habits. This study can be used as an early warning for community against the potential of infectious diseases from rats as vectors in Tugu District, Semarang related to rats density, endoparasites and their ectoparasites.
Absorption of Flavonoid Rutin after oral Treatment of Carica papaya Leaf Extract
Authors: Nugrahaningsih WH , Latifa Novi , Lisdiana Lisdiana
Published: April 2022

Carica papaya leaves have many benefits, such as cancer treatment, lactation, digestive problem, and dengue fever. Papaya leaves contain various bioactive components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and steroids. Rutin is a flavonoid contained in Carica papaya leaf. Utilization of Carica papaya leaves as a herbal remedy requires data safety, effectiveness, bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds of herbal medicine in the body. This study aimed to explore Carica papaya leaf extract's absorption by measuring the serial flavonoids in the plasma. The flavonoid profile of plasma was analogue by Rutin concentration profile. Time-series designs were conducted on fourteen rats were divided into seven groups. The single dose of papaya leaf extract (900 mg dissolved in 2 mL of aquadest) was given orally. Blood samples were collected about 1.5 mL at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after oral administration. HPLC measured plasma Rutin flavonoid level. The maximum concentration (Cmax) was 0.026 mg/mL that reach 4 hours after oral administration (Tmax ). The half-time (t1/2) was 94.683 hours, and the area under the curve (AUC1-4) was 0.362 mg. h/mL. Carica papaya leaf extract was slowly absorbed and stayed in the plasma for a long time. The implication of the data of flavonoid profile can be used to manage the dose and frequency of extract oral treatment.
L’environnement naturel abiotique dans le conte Comment Le Désert A Disparu par Isabelle Hoarau
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Lustyantie Ninuk , Savitri Dian
Published: April 2022

Abstract

L'environnement naturel abiotique dans le conte Comment le désert a disparu par Isabelle Hoarau. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser, de trouver, et de décrire l'environnement naturel abiotique, les données sont issues des mots ou des phrases du conte Comment le désert a disparu par Isabelle Hoarau. L’approche utilisée est une approche qualitative de l’étude écologie littéraire utulisant la méthode d’analyse de contenu. La procédure de recherche commence par les données sont lues et comprises en premier. De plus, les données analysées se réfèrent à la théorie de l'environnement naturel abiotique. Le résultat de cette recherche rèvele qu’il existe 13 données contenant l'environnement naturel abiotique. Les facteurs de l’environnement naturel abiotique les plus abondants sont l'eau (4 données), le sol (3 données), le climat (3 données), le soleil (2 données) et puis l'air (1 donnée). Donc, on peut conclure dans le conte Comment le désert a disparu que l’environnement naturel abiotique a un rôle important dans la survie de tous les organismes sur terre.

Abstract

The Abiotic Natural Environment in Fairy Tale Comment le désert a disparu by Isabelle Hoarau. The purpose of this research is to analyze, find, and describe the abiotic natural environment, the data come obtained from the words or sentences of the tale Comment le désert a disparu par Isabelle Hoarau. The approach used is a qualitative approach using the content analysis method of literature ecology studies. The research procedure begins with the data must be read and understood before analysis process. Furthermore, the data is analyzed referring to the theory of abiotic natural environment. The results of this study indicate that there are 13 data containing the abiotic natural environment. The most abundant abiotic natural environment are water (4 data), then soil (3 data), climate (3 data), followed by the sun (2 data) and air (1 data). Thus, we can conclude in the fairy tale Comment le désert a disparu that the abiotic natural environment has an important role in the survival of all organisms on earth.
The Effect of The Use of Guided Inquiry-Based E-LKPD on Cognitive Learning Results and Students' Learning Motivation in Vibration and Wave Materials
Authors: Novalino Alif Ajibuana , Savitri Erna Noor
Published: April 2022

The learning method using inquiry-based e-LKPD is expected to affect students' cognitive learning outcomes and the learning motivation. The research method used was a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample was taken by using the cluster random sampling technique. The results of the analysis of significant improvement in cognitive learning outcomes using N-gain showed that the experimental class was 0.40. The control class was 0.32 with the same moderate criteria. Learning outcomes related to students' motivation have also increased, which is known from the table analysis of learning outcomes for each indicator between the control and experimental classes. It can be seen that the control and experimental classes at the beginning of learning have equally low learning motivation, as evidenced by the results of the average proportion of motivation learners learning indicator by 43% in the control class and 45% in the experimental class. While the results of the final learning motivation questionnaire in the control and experimental classes both experienced an increase, but for the control class, it was still in the low category by 48% and for the experimental class experienced a significant increase of 78% with the high category.
Development of Emulsi (electronic module practicum articulate storyline 3) to Support Self-Regulated Learning of Students
Authors: Sadikin Ali , Hardianti Risa Dwita
Published: April 2022

The aim of this research is to develop Emulsi (electronic module practicum articulate storyline 3) to support self-regulated learning (SRL) of students which is valid and effective. This research is research and development and the subjects of this study are students of class VIII F of SMP Negeri 1 Ungaran. Data collection techniques in this study used validation sheets, tests, and students self-assessment sheets in SRL. This research begins at the Emulsi design then validated by validators with details on the average results of material (85%), linguistics (95%), media (80%), pretest and posttest construct questions (75%) , syllabus (97% ), lesson plans (95%), students self-assessment sheets in SRL (87%), the rubric for the assessment of the practice report (76%). The results of student learning pretest scores (36.11%) posttest scores (100%) and final scores obtained from the average value of the practicum report and posttest scores (77.77%). The result of N-gain is 0.73 indicating high criteria. The results of the self-assessment score in SRL is 75% or 27 of 36 students. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Emulsi can be said to be valid and effective to support the SRL of students.
LA CASA DE LA CONTRATACIÓN Y EL FRAUDE EN EL COMERCIO INDIANO A MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XVII
Authors: Heredia López Alfonso Jesús
Published: April 2022

El fraude, presente en la Carrera de Indias desde sus inicios, se incrementó sobremanera a mediados del siglo XVII. Las interpretaciones sobre este fenómeno se han atribuido a la voraz presión fiscal de la corona sobre el comercio y a la permisividad real que supo sacar provecho del fraude por medio de mecanismos parafiscales como las cédulas de manifestaciones y los indultos. No se ha reparado lo suficiente en la influencia que pudo tener en el fraude el funcionamiento del sistema de control de los registros de mercancías en la Casa de la Contratación. Destacamos cómo funcionaba ese sistema de control en una coyuntura en la que los registros eran muy cortos. A su vez, mostramos cómo la corona no permaneció impasible ante el incremento del fraude ni se limitó a obtener ciertos provechos del mismo, sino que arbitró distintos mecanismos suprajurisdiccionales a la Casa para intentar paliar dicho fraude.
“DOMINAR ESTAS ISLAS SERÍA DOMINAROS A VOS MISMO”: LAS RELACIONES DE COLABORACIÓN Y DEPENDENCIA ENTRE LOS ZHENG Y LA GOBERNACIÓN DE FILIPINAS EN EL MARCO DE LA PAZ DE 1663
Authors: Herrera Reviriego José Miguel
Published: April 2022

Durante el siglo XVII, la Gobernación de Filipinas desarrolló una estrecha relación de dependencia mutua con el clan de los Zheng que incidió en el ámbito comercial, pero también en el económico y el social. Esta simbiosis, basada en la colaboración, pero también en la competencia, no estuvo exenta de fricciones, como la originada en 1662 por la amenaza de conquista de Luzón por parte de Zheng Chenggong. En el presente artículo, estudiaremos cómo se generó y afianzó esta relación de dependencia y como los cambios surgidos tanto en el interior de ambos territorios como en otros enclaves de Asia forzaron una rápida recuperación de los vínculos perdidos tras la ruptura de 1662.
Surrogate markers in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Dumitrascu Dan L.
Published: April 2022

Background. Hepatic steatosis with inflammation, inflated hepatocytes, and potential fibrosis defines non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can possibly lead to liver cirrhosis. Although liver biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosing NASH, numerous non-invasive surrogate markers have been investigated to reduce the need for this invasive technique. In this review we present several currently assessed biomarkers, scores, and indexes in assessing NASH Methods. A search in the main medical literature databases was conducted. We searched for observational studies evaluating non-invasive markers, scores, and panels in predicting NASH.

Results. Several proinflammatory markers, inflammation and apoptosis biomarkers, as well as complex models have been studied in predicting NASH. Proinflammatory markers include C-reactive protein, ferritin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, pentraxin-3, and neutrophil extracellular traps. Inflammation and apoptosis biomarkers include cytokineratin-18, adipocytokines, lipid oxidation panels, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and products of free radical-mediated oxidation of linoleic acid. Moreover, several studied complex models such as NashTest, NashTest-2, pairing CK18 fragments with other biomarkers such as ALT and the presence of MetS, the HAIR model, acNASH, NAFIC score, Visceral Adiposity Index have also been studied.

Conclusion. A variety of diagnostic panels have shown good predictive values for diagnosing NASH. Nevertheless, non-invasive surrogate markers are currently unable to replace liver biopsy. However, their clinical significance is mainly in triaging patients for liver biopsy, reducing the financial burden associated with the procedure.
The role of physical exercise and diet in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Grad Simona , Vulturar Romana , Fărcaș Radu A. , Dumitrașcu Dan L.
Published: April 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an accumulation of hepatic fat, diagnosed histologically or radiologically (ultrasound), in the absence of a secondary cause of steatosis, especially alcohol consumption. Its prevalence is estimated to be approximately 25%. This high prevalence is correlated with the risk factors attributed to the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of NAFL and it can lead to end-stage liver disease in some patients. Once diagnosed, lifestyle changes must be initiated to lower hepatic fat accumulations in the liver. Physical exercise and diet play the most important role in achieving the desired weight loss goal.
Cognitive schemas and fertility motivations in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Manning Wendy D. , Guzzo Karen Benjamin , Longmore Monica A. , Giordano Peggy C.
Published: April 2022

While current evidence indicates that the United States did not experience a baby boom during the pandemic, few empirical studies have considered the underlying rationale for the American baby bust. Relying on data collected during the pandemic (n = 574), we find that pandemic-related subjective assessments (e.g., self-reported stress, fear of COVID-19 and relationship struggles) and not economic indicators (e.g., employment status, income level) were related to levels of fertility motivations among individuals in relationships. Analysis of within-person changes in fertility motivations shows that shifts in the number of children, increases in mental health issues and increases in relationship uncertainty, rather than changes in economic circumstances, were associated with short-term assessments of the importance of avoiding a pregnancy. We argue for broadening conceptual frameworks of fertility motivations by moving beyond a focus on economic factors to include a cognitive schema that takes subjective concerns into account.
Species composition and density of fish eggs and larvae in the coastal waters of the South-Central Vietnam
Authors: Pham Quoc Huy , Nguyen Van Long
Published: April 2022

Based on species composition and density data of fish egg and larvae in South Central coastal sea areas of Vietnam Sea waters were collected at Cù Lao Cham - Thu Bon river, Ly Son - Tra Bong river - Sa Ky river and Nha Trang - Nha Phu lagoon. Thirty-one fish eggs and larvae families were identified (about 18% of total fish eggs and 100% of wholte larvae). Cu Lao Cham - Thu Bon river has the richest species composition as 18 families, following to that is Ly Son - Tra Bong - Sa Ky and lower is Nha Trang - Nha Phu identified 15 and 10 families, respectively. The highest frequency was found in families such as Mullidae, Engraulidae and Synodontidae with 2 to 3 species (groups). The above families account for about 60% of the total number of fish eggs and larvae collected. The average fish eggs and larvae abundance about 3,630 eggs/1,000 m3 of water and 122 larvae/1,000 m3 of water. The highest eggs density is Nha Trang - Nha Phu, and the highest larvae density is Cu Lao Cham - Thu Bon river. Ly Son - Tra Bong - Sa Ky areas have eggs density lower than other areas, especially for larvae density with 22 larvae/1,000 m3 of water.
Orientation of marine spatial planning in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Duc Thanh , Dang Hoai Nhon , Nguyen Van Thao , Cao Thi Thu Trang , Vu Duy Vinh , Duong Thanh Nghi , Nguyen Dang Ngai
Published: April 2022

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) in Vietnam has an ecosystem-based approach. It allocates and designs a balanced and rational marine space for sustainable marine development for economic, social, and ecological purposes. The four primary targets of the MSP are related to socio-economic development, ensuring national defense - security, rights and interests at sea; ecological balance maintenance and environment protection; sustainable marine management. MSP is defined to 2030, with a vision to 2050, based on five viewpoints and ten basic principles. The MSP framework consists of 10 basic activities: Strengthening institutions and policies to create a legal corridor; organizing and enhancing the capacity of management to implement MSP; establishing financial sources and mechanisms for MSP; participation of stakeholders and scientists; establishment of MSP; appraise and approve the MSP; licensing and revocation of licenses to use marine space; harmonize and minimize conflicts of interest in the maritime area use; MSP monitoring and evaluation; MSP adjustment. These activities are arranged in a 5-step cycle. According to MSP, the allocation of marine space is classified into four main groups of use sectors: Marine economic development, conservation, and protection of nature; particular use; reserved area. Depending on the MSP levels, the sectors of marine spatial use can be divided in more detail. MSPs are proposed to be decentralized into three groups: National, regional, and local. Each MSP level has an accompanying planning map at an appropriate scale. Each MSP level has relevant authorities responsible for establishment, submission, approval and implementation.
Fatty acid, the lipid classes, phospholipid composition of the mussels \(\textit{Beguina semiorbiculata}\) from Nam Du and Phu Quoc islands, Kien Giang province, Vietnam
Authors: Dang Thi Phuong Ly , Dang Thi Minh Tuyet , Dao Thi Kim Dung , Dau Van Thao , Pham Quoc Long
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze compositions of lipid classes, phospholipid subclasses and fatty acids in two mussels, Beguina semiorbiculata, harvested from Nam Du and Phu Quoc islands, Kien Giang province. The obtained results indicated that the total lipid contents of the B. semiorbiculata harvested in Nam Du and Phu Quoc islands were 0.48% and 0.63% of wet weight, respectively, and contained six classes: Hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), polar lipid (PoL), and monoalkyl diacylglycerol (MADAG). Two main classes in the total lipid content of two studied mussels were triacylglycerol (TG) (38.22% and 41.27%) and polar lipid (PL) (27.02% and 30.46%). PL of both muselles consited of five types: Phosphatidylethalnolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP) in which phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (34.34% and 37.08%) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (26.32% and 26.54%) were dominated. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (34.41%) in the total lipid of B. semiorbiculata collected in Phu Quoc was higher than that (26.36%) in Nam Du. The content of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3) was high in the composition of fatty acids of both mussels.
Training need analysis: A study of fisheries guards of district Srinagar of Kashmir valley
Authors: Malik Rizwana , Kirmani Mudasir M.
Published: April 2022

Training need analysis (TNA) has been regarded as the most significant step to develop successful training programmes. Existing literature on TNA shows that hardly any studies have been conducted on training need analysis of officials of J & K state fisheries department. Therefore, the present study was carried out to know and prioritize the training needs of fisheries guards so as to enable the state department as well as faculty of fisheries to conduct need-based training programmes. A total of 89 fisheries guards from district Srinagar were interviewed. Purposive sampling was done as the sample of the study constituted whole population of fisheries guards in the district. Questions pertaining to various aspects of culture fisheries were put under different headings and response as ‘yes’ and ‘no’ was seeked. Data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical package for Social Sciences). On the basis of the total score obtained by the individual farmer and the mean scores and standard deviation, farmers were classified into three categories, farmers with low, medium and high-level knowledge. This study not only assessed but also prioritized the needs of fisheries officials. It could be concluded from the study that need based training programmes must be organized for fisheries officials that will not only enhance their knowledge, skills, expertise, make them proficient in their respective jobs but shall also lead to conducting of result-oriented training programmes.
A comparative study of bacterial qualities of raw milk of cow and sheep
Authors: Shukla U.K. , Patel Sateesh Kumar , Kant Shri
Published: April 2022

A comparative study of bacterial qualities of raw milk of cow and sheep was conducted at Livestock production and management (unit), Department of NRM, faculty of agriculture, MGCGV Chitrakoot–Satna (M.P.) during January to February 2021. All sanitary precaution were followed to produce clean milk. The sample of the raw milk of three animal each were replicated ten time and tested to deyermine the standard plate count (SPC) (10t), lactic acid bacteria count (LABC) ( 10³), lipolytic bacteria count (LBC) (10²) proteolytic bacteria count (PBC) (10²) and coliform count (CC) in the raw milk. The data obtained for the a foresaid tests were subjected to statitical analysis. The result of the statical analysis showed that the differences in mean values of SPC 10t,LABC/10³,LBC/10² and PBC,10². In view of the finding and result presented above, results that the milk of all the animals was of superior quality, due to low bacteria count and absence of coliform. The bacteria quality of milk of cow was found superior than sheep milk due to minimum bacteria count of SPC, LABC, LBC and PBC and absence of coliform.
Procurement and processing management of ragi in Karnataka
Authors: Vennila M. , Murthy C.
Published: April 2022

Ragi is an important food crop which can be cultivated under adverse soil and climatic conditions. The present study was conducted onprocurement and processing management of ragi in Karnataka. The study has been carried out based on primary data whichwere collected from the processors of ragi with the help of well-structured questionnaire and secondary data from the records of processing units. Growth rate analysis and budgeting technique was computed. The procurement in terms of quantity and value of raw materials of ragi increased at the growth rate of 3.94 per cent over the years and 11.17 per cent over the years, respectively. The capacity utilization of the ragi processing unit was 62.00 per cent with the annual quantity of ragi processed was 61.26 MT against the total annual installed capacity 98.80 MT. The results revealed that the net present value of the unit was found to be Rs.10.75 lakhs at the end of economic life of project. The total processing cost for the process of ragi was recorded as Rs. 34,461 per ton. Among total processing cost, the total variable cost was contributes a share of 85.35 per cent with worth of Rs. 29,412 per ton and fixed cost contributes a share of 14.65 per cent with worth of Rs. 5,049 per ton. The total cost incurred on value addition of ragi flour was Rs. 36,905 per ton. Out of 1000 kg of ragi, 980 kg of ragi flour was obtained and the value of the processed product was Rs. 55 per kg. The sales price of the ragi flour was Rs. 53,900 and the net profit obtained by selling the processed product was Rs.16,995.
Integrated weed management in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Meena R.C. , Satyavathi C. Tara
Published: April 2022

The scarcity of labour in agriculture and change in behaviour, weed management in rain fed pearl millet is very difficult. Further, to improve/ fine tune the existing recommendation of weed management in pearl millet, this experiment was planned. A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (Kharif) seasons of 2012 to 2014 in sandy loam soils at ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Research Farm, Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Jodhpur (Agriculture University, Jodhpur), to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management in rainfed pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) with pre-emergence application of atrazine 0.5 kg/ha + 1 HW at 35 DAS, four levels of post-emergence application of atrazine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 kg/ ha) along with one hand weeding at 35 DAS, two hand weeding and hoeing (at 20 and 40 DAS). Eight treatment combinations were laid out in randomized block design in four replications. All weed management practices caused significant improvement in grain and dry fodder yield of pearl millet compared to the weedy check (1943 kg/ha and 30.86 q/ha). The best treatment was found weed free and it was followed by post emergence application of Atrazine @ 0.4 kg/ha. In comparison to the weed dry matter recorded at harvest with weedy check (547.1 kg/ha), all weed management practices recorded quite lower dry matter of weeds and were found to be at par in managing weeds compared to the weed free plot. Efficiency of post emergence application of Atrazine @ 0.2,0.3 and 0.4 kg/ha was found more better in controlling weeds than the recommended practice of managing weeds by pre emergence application of Atrazine. Weed control efficiency were also found higher in weed free and it was followed by two hand weeding and post emergence application of Atrazine @ 0.4 kg treatments, respectively.
Screening of advanced rice breeding lines against Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) resistance
Authors: Udayababu P. , Kumar K. Madhu , Pophaly D.J.
Published: April 2022

Advanced rice breeding lines developed out of BPH resistant donars. These lines were derived by using R x R crossing pattern in breeding programme. Donars used were characterized with respect to agronomic traits viz., 100 seed weight value ranges between 1.95 to 4.13 g, total panicle per plant 4 to 17.4, total productive tillers between 5.2 to 10 and panicle length 18.1 to 143.7cm. Out of total accessions 114 rice advanced breeding lines were screened , out of these 15 were found highly resistant , 57 resistant, 12 moderately resistant and rest 30 lines susceptible.
Paddy growers and their knowledge level towards use of eco- friendly technology in paddy cultivation
Authors: Panchal Keshav , Patel J. K.
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out in Anand district of Gujarat state with specific objectives to study the profile of paddy growers and their knowledge regarding use of eco friendly technology in paddy cultivation, The study revealed that more than half (56.00%) of the paddy growers belonged to middle age group, more than two-fifth (42.00%) of the paddy growers had primary level of education, nearly half of the respondents (46.66%) had low (upto 10 years) experience, majority (63.33%) of the paddy growers had membership in one-organization. Nearly two-fifth (40.66%) of the paddy growers had medium size of land holding, less than one-third of the paddy growers (30.00%) had annual income ranging from Rs. 2,00,001 to 3,00,000 lakh, more than twofifth (41.33%) of the paddy growers had medium level of extension contact, slightly more than half (52.67%) of paddy growers had medium level of mass media exposure, slightly more than half (52.00%) of the paddy growers had medium degree of economic motivation, Majority (70.67%) of the paddy growers had medium risk orientation,, more than three- fifth (62.00%) of paddy growers had medium level of scientific orientation, great majority (70.00%) of the paddy growers had neutral attitude towards global warming and more than half (53.33%) of the paddy growers had medium level of knowledge pertaining to eco-friendly technology, in paddy cultivation.
Knowledge of recommended pigeonpea production technology by the growers
Authors: Kale S. P. , Jakkawad S. R. , Akulwar S. R.
Published: April 2022

The study on knowledge of pigeonpea production technology by the growers was conducted in Jalna district of Marathwada region in Maharashtra state. data were collected through personal interview with the help of interview schedule. Results of study showed that, majority (53.33%) of the farmers had medium level knowledge while other 28.34 per cent of farmers belongs to high knowledge level category. Whereas, 18.33 per cent of farmers belongs to low knowledge level category of about production of pigeonpea crop.
Cost and returns of milk production in selected arid district of Rajasthan
Authors: Saran Dropati , Sharma Madhu , Sharma Hemant , Jangid Rajandra
Published: April 2022

The significance of the sector further increase in arid western Rajasthan where frequent droughts are the primary concern. Milch animals are kept as farming household from very long time in India. The Bikaner district of Rajasthan is selected for the study purposively as it is having largest cattle population and another reason for selecting the district is that if has higher indigenous cattle population in the area is second largest enterprise after crop production. Predetermined samples of 180 farmers, selected farmers were categorized into small, medium and large herd-size categories using cumulative square root frequency method. It was evaluated region wise cost of concentrate of indigenous cows; green fodder and total feed cost per day per indigenous cow were highest for canal irrigated region causing highest variable cost also. Due to good feed, the returns were highest in the area. It was found by the perusal of result that per litre cost of milk production was highest for unirrigated region followed by canal irrigated region and least by tube well irrigated region but average per day milk production and net return per day per buffalo was highest on tube well irrigated region followed by canal irrigated region and least unirrigated region, respectively.
Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinalis L.) on shelf life of Chhana whey beverage
Authors: Sharma N. , Chavan K.D. , Jaybhay V.B.
Published: April 2022

The present investigation was planned to evaluate the effect of ginger on Chhana whey beverage (CWB). The preoptimized and finalized different levels of ginger powder in Chhana whey were used to the experimental treatments. The experiments were laid out in Completely Randomized Design with four replications for pre experimental and experimental trials. The experimental treatments were, without ginger powder (T0), addition of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.3% (T3), 0.4% (T4) ginger powder. All the experimental samples were analyzed for sensory, chemical and microbiological qualities on day 0 (fresh) 5th day, 10th and 15th day of storage at refrigerated temperature of (5- 60C). Better quality Chhana whey beverage (CWB) could be prepared by blending of 0.3 % ginger powder and 10% sugar. The prepared ginger CWB remained acceptable upto 10 days at refrigerated temperature (5- 6 ± 2 0C).
Combining ability for yield and yield components in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: Darshini T.K. , Pujar Mahesh S.
Published: April 2022

Combining ability analysis was carried out for fruit yield and its components in okra. Both general a combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were highly significant for almost all the characters indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. Parents and F1 hybrids differed significantly for general combining ability and specific combining ability effects for all the characters respectively.The highest GCA effect for total fruit yield per plant recorded in Punjab Padmini.The highest significant positive SCA effect was observed in the cross VRU-109 x Arka Anamika. Among the parents Punjab Padmini, VRU-109, VarshaUpahar proved to be the good general combiner and VRU-109 x Arka Anamika was the good specific combiner for most of the yield and yield attributing traits followed by Punjab Padmini x ZARS.
Soil resource inventory and soil nutrient assessment of Kudluru micro-watershed of Tarikere taluk, Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka, India
Authors: Anitha M.S. , Gurumurthy K.T. , Ganapathi  , Raghu A.N.
Published: April 2022

A land resource investigation was undertaken in Kudluru (4D3E4Q1b - 437.45 ha) micro-watershed of Tarikere taluk, Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka state, India during 2019 using remote sensing and GIS techniques utilizing LISS IV satellite data. The detailed soil survey (1:7900 scale) of micro watershed was conducted to know the sensate properties and land capability classes for different management units. After detailed field study and laboratory analysis of collected soil samples, seventeen soil mapping units were identified and land capability classification was carried out. Results revealed that, nearly 41.76, 16.03 and 15.29 per cent area was moderately deep, moderately shallow and deep in depth, respectively. About 74.55 per cent area was very gently sloping with moderate erosion and 36.49 per cent area was gravelly (15-35 %) with sandy loam in texture. The study area falls under Class II (53.29 %), Class III (27.35 %) and Class IV (4.07 %) land capability classes having limitations of erosion, wetness, gravelliness and depth. Medium status of soil organic carbon and potassium were recorded in 57.15 and 63.68 per cent of soil samples, respectively. Low status of nitrogen and sulphur was recorded in 78.16 and 84.47 percent soil samples from the study area, respectively. The available copper, zinc, iron, manganese and exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were sufficient in range in all the soil samples.
Adoption of integrated pest management practices by paddy growers
Authors: Chopkar P. A. , Deshmukh A.N. , Mokhale S.U. , Deshmukh K.K. , Deshmukh S. A.
Published: April 2022

The present study on “Adoption of integrated pest management practices by paddy growers” was conducted in Bhandara district of vidarbha region of Maharashtra state with sample size of 120 respondents from 10 villages. Data were collected by personal interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. The data were tabulated, analysed and interpreted. The study were noticed that, majority of the respondents i.e. 47.50 per cent were in middle age group, majority i.e. 36.66 per cent respondents were educated upto junior college level, majority i.e. 77.50 per cent of respondents were from medium family size, majority of 42.50 per cent respondents had small land holding, majority 65.83 per cent of respondents had low annual income, majority of the respondents i.e. 68.33 per cent had small area under paddy cultivation, majority of the respondents i.e. 55.00 per cent, 65.00 per cent, 65.00 per cent, 69.17 per cent and 72.50 per cent had medium level of social participation, sources of information, risk preference, economic motivation and knowledge, respectively.Majority 70.00 per cent of the respondents had medium level of adoption about integrated pest management practices of paddy. Majority 90.00 per centof respondents faced the constraints of irregular power supply and lack of technical knowledge and skill involved in various integrated pest management practices of paddy.
Minimum losses of nutrients by scientific method of food preservation: Empowerment of farm women of nutri smart village of dist. Ujjain (M.P.)
Authors: Tiwari Rekha
Published: April 2022

Value addition and food preservation technique is the excellent source for doubling the Income of farm women. Value addition is also helpful for minimizing the malnutrition problem. Hence, to combat malnutrition problem and for enhancing the economic condition five days vocational training programme was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, (Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalay),Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh, India) at selected Nutria Smart Village-Kalyanpura (Block Ujjain) covering 25 respondents. The selected respondents were belonging to malnourished families. Practical demonstration was given on the basic extension theme of ‘Believing by seeing and learning by doing ’. The practical demonstrations were given on extinct preservative material with minimum losses of nutrients while preserving the food items. Those practical were useful from the economic generation point of view also. The content of the training programme was to prevent the extinct preservative material with minimum losses of nutrients while preserving the food items. Those practical were useful from the economic generation point of view also. Pre and post- evaluation was also assessed during the training programme and the results found that 80-100 per cent respondents were update their knowledge about the processed food items with minimum losses of the nutrients.