bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Finicky Nature of Earthquake Shaking‐Triggered Submarine Sediment Slope Failures and Sediment Gravity Flows
Authors: Gomberg J. , Ariyoshi K. , Hautala S. , Johnson H. P.
Published: September 2021

Since 2011, seafloor temperatures, pressures, and seismic ground motions have been measured by the seafloor cabled Dense Oceanfloor Network system for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) on the Nankai margin. These measurements, high‐resolution bathymetry, and abundant contextual information make the DONET region seem ideally suited to provide constraints on seismic shaking‐triggered sediment slope failures and gravity flows, particularly since numerous published studies have linked paleo‐ to modern earthquakes to failures and flows within the DONET. The occurrences of the local 2016 M6.0 Mie‐ken and regional M7.0 Kumamoto earthquakes within and at regional distances, respectively, from the DONET data set provided an opportunity to explore this potential. We used DONET seismic recordings of the posited triggering shaking and to search for submarine slide signals and continuous temperature and pressure data to detect pulses of warm and densified water indicative of passing flows. We developed and applied a variety of analytical methods to eliminate signals generated by water column processes, while leaving slope failures and sediment gravity flow anomalies as residuals. Our explorations yielded no evidence that earthquake shaking initiated either phenomenon, which we suggest reflects the finicky nature both of the detection of and the physical processes that contribute to slope failures and flows (i.e., both require satisfying precise suites of conditions). Nonetheless, this negative result, our analyses, and the estimates of physical properties we derived for them, provide useful lessons and inputs for future studies.
Distinguishing Between Regression Model Fits to Global Mean Sea Level Reconstructions
Authors: Zhu Yingli , Mitchum Gary T. , Doran Kara S. , Chambers Don P. , Liang Xinfeng
Published: September 2021

Global mean sea level (GMSL) has been rising since the last century, posing a serious challenge for the coastal areas. A variety of regression models have been utilized for determining GMSL rise over the past one hundred years, resulting in a large spread of sea level rise rates and multidecadal variations. In this study, we develop a new nonparametric noise model that is data‐dependent and considers overfitting due to regression. The noise model is used to determine whether one regression model has significantly better skill than others over the period 1900–2010. The choices of background noise and GMSL reconstruction influence whether two sea level models can be statistically distinguished. With our new nonparametric noise spectra, the differences of model skills in explaining sea level variance are significant only in 34% of model comparisons. However, stepwise trends with three inflection points are significantly more skillful than the linear, quadratic, or exponential trend for most GMSL reconstructions, suggesting the importance of multidecadal variability of sea level rise in the twentieth century. Nevertheless, stepwise trend models cannot be distinguished from models with a long‐term harmonic oscillation, indicating that the shape of multidecadal variability is not conclusive. The multidecadal variability is also significant in the steric and barystatic sea level contributions and is related to both natural and anthropogenic forcings. GMSL predictions based on regression fits in the twentieth century underestimate the sea level rise rate over the period 2011–2020 because the sea level acceleration in the recent decade (2011–2020) is not well represented.
A Deep Water Dispersion Experiment in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Meunier Thomas , Pérez Brunius Paula , Rodríguez Outerelo Javier , García Carrillo Paula , Ronquillo Argelia , Furey Heather , Ramsey Andrée , Bower Amy
Published: September 2021

The Deep Water Horizon oil spill dramatically impacted the Gulf of Mexico from the seafloor to the surface. While dispersion of contaminants at the surface has been extensively studied, little is known about deep water dispersion properties. This study describes the results of the Deep Water Dispersion Experiment (DWDE), which consisted of the release of surface drifters and acoustically tracked RAFOS floats drifting at 300 and 1,500 dbar in the Gulf of Mexico. We show that surface diffusivity is elevated and decreases with depth: on average, diffusivity at 1,500 dbar is 5 times smaller than at the surface, suggesting that the dispersion of contaminants at depth is a significantly slower process than at the surface. This study also examines the turbulent regimes driving the dispersion, although conflicting evidences and large uncertainties do not allow definitive conclusions. At all depths, while the growth of dispersion and kurtosis with time supports the possibility of an exponential regime at very short time scales, indicating that early dispersion is nonlocal, finite size Lyapunov exponents support the hypothesis of local dispersion, suggesting that eddies of size comparable to the initial separation (6 km), may dominate the early dispersion. At longer time scales, the quadratic growth of dispersion is indicative of a ballistic regime, where a mean shear flow would be the dominating process. Examination of the along‐ and across‐bathymetry components of float velocities supports the idea that boundary currents could be the source for this shear dispersion.
Geostrophy Assessment and Momentum Balance of the Global Oceans in a Tide‐ and Eddy‐Resolving Model
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Ponte Aurélien L. , Lahaye Noé , Caspar‐Cohen Zoé , Menemenlis Dimitris
Published: September 2021

The future wide‐swath satellite altimeters, such as the upcoming Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, will provide instantaneous 2D measurements of sea level down to the spatial scale of O(10 km) for the first time. However, the validity of the geostrophic assumption for estimating surface currents from these instantaneous maps is not known a priori. In this study, we quantify the accuracy of geostrophy for the estimation of surface currents from a knowledge of instantaneous sea level using the hourly snapshots from a tide‐ and eddy‐resolving global numerical simulation. Geostrophic balance is found to be the leading‐order balance in frontal regions characterized by large kinetic energy, such as the western boundary currents and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Everywhere else, geostrophic approximation ceases to be a useful predictor of ocean velocity, which may result in significant high‐frequency contamination of geostrophically computed velocities by fast variability (e.g., inertial and higher). As expected, the validity of geostrophy is shown to improve at low frequencies (typically 0.5 cpd). Global estimates of the horizontal momentum budget reveal that the tropical and mid‐latitude regions where geostrophic balance fails are dominated by fast variability and turbulent stress divergence terms rather than higher‐order geostrophic terms. These findings indicate that the estimation of velocity from geostrophy applied on SWOT instantaneous sea level maps may be challenging away from energetic areas.
Observations Show Charge Density of Volcanic Plumes is Higher Than Thunderstorms
Authors: Haley Sean , Behnke Sonja , Edens Harald , Thomas Ronald
Published: September 2021

We analyze slow electric field change and lightning mapping measurements to provide insight into the characteristics of volcanic lightning and the associated implications on charging processes and the charge structure of a Vulcanian eruption plume. Data were obtained during a multi‐instrumental field campaign at Sakurajima volcano in 2015 when the Showa crater was active. We combine the electric field change and lightning mapping data from one explosive eruption on June 6, 2015 to identify individual flashes. From this, we interpret the flash type and polarity. In addition, the long‐time constant of the electric field change instrument allowed measurement of the quasi‐static field associated with charge separation in the eruption plume. We find that both intracloud and cloud‐to‐ground discharges occurred, and the polarity of cloud‐to‐ground discharges were all negative. The quasi‐static field measurement showed the plume carried a net negative charge. We calculate both the total charge transferred by cloud‐to‐ground discharges and the net charge density of the eruption plume. We find that cloud‐to‐ground discharges transfer an average of −0.41C per flash and the net charge density was −33C/. The percent error is at least 200%, due to uncertainty in the antenna gain. We show that these estimates are consistent with lightning that is 100 m in length. Further, the average flash rate during the first 8 s following the onset of eruption was five flashes per second. After that time, the flash rate abruptly decreased, which may be related to the end of gas‐thrust forcing.
Modulation of the Bifurcation in Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium by Gray‐Zone Cloud and Turbulence Parameterizations
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Fan Yiyuan
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the mechanisms by which small‐scale turbulence and cloud physics determine the organization of large‐scale convection in radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE), an idealization of the tropical atmosphere. Under uniform forcings similar to typical tropical conditions, the atmosphere in RCE might spontaneously separate into dry and moist regions on scales of 100–1,000 km, with convective clouds aggregating into a cluster in the latter. This phenomenon is known as convective self‐aggregation. Herein, we demonstrate that subtle changes in assumptions related to cloud physics and turbulence on scales of 1 km can dictate the emergence or suppression of convective self‐aggregation, resulting from a bifurcation of the dynamical system. The bifurcation occurs when a small dry patch forms in the domain and is sustained because it contributes to negative effective diffusivity of the circulation. Cloud‐radiation feedbacks and turbulence circulation interactions govern the formation of such dry patches, thereby modulating the bifurcation. This sensitive dependence on subgrid process models might be a fundamental barrier to climate predictability in light of inherent uncertainties in microscale processes. Because without the capability to include exact representations of those processes in climate models, slight differences in the different approximations used by modelers can lead to qualitative changes in climate predictions, at least for some processes.
B7-H5 blockade enhances CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Wu Hongya , Chen Yanjun , Zhu Jinghan , Sun Linqing , Li Juntao , Yao Zhendong , Chen Yuqi , Zhang Xueguang , Xia Suhua , Chen Weichang , Shi Tongguo
Published: September 2021

Negative immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has shown potential for multiple malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). B7-H5, a novel negative immune checkpoint regulator, is highly expressed in tumor tissues and promotes tumor immune escape. However, the clinical significance of B7-H5 expression in CRC and the role of B7-H5 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has not been fully clarified. In this study, we observed that high B7-H5 expression in CRC tissues was significantly correlated with the lymph node involvement, AJCC stage, and survival of CRC patients. A significant inverse correlation was also observed between B7-H5 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in CRC tissues. Kaplan−Meier analysis showed that patients with high B7-H5 expression and low CD8+ T-cell infiltration had the worst prognosis in our cohort of CRC patients. Remarkably, both high B7-H5 expression and low CD8+ T infiltration were risk factors for overall survival. Additionally, B7-H5 blockade using a B7-H5 monoclonal antibody (B7-H5 mAb) effectively suppressed the growth of MC38 colon cancer tumors by enhancing the infiltration and Granzyme B production of CD8+ T cells. Importantly, the depletion of CD8+ T cells obviously abolished the antitumor effect of B7-H5 blockade in the MC38 tumors. In sum, our findings suggest that B7-H5 may be a valuably prognostic marker for CRC and a potential target for CRC immunotherapy.
Loss of mpv17 affected early embryonic development via mitochondria dysfunction in zebrafish
Authors: Bian Wan-Ping , Pu Shi-Ya , Xie Shao-Lin , Wang Chao , Deng Shun , Strauss Phyllis R. , Pei De-Sheng
Published: September 2021

MVP17 encodes a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein, and mutation of human MVP17 can cause mitochondria DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS). However, the underlying function of mpv17 is still elusive. Here, we developed a new mutant with mpv17 knockout by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mpv17−/− zebrafish showed developmental defects in muscles, liver, and energy supply. The mpv17−/− larvae hardly survived beyond a month, and they showed abnormal growth during the development stage. Abnormal swimming ability was also found in the mpv17−/− zebrafish. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation indicated that the mpv17−/− zebrafish underwent severe mitochondria dysfunction and the disorder of mitochondrial cristae. As an energy producer, the defects of mitochondria significantly reduced ATP content in mpv17−/− zebrafish, compared to wild-type zebrafish. We hypothesized that the disorder of mitochondria cristae was contributed to the dysfunction of muscle and liver in the mpv17−/− zebrafish. Moreover, the content of major energy depot triglycerides (TAG) was decreased dramatically. Interestingly, after rescued with normal exogenous mitochondria by microinjection, the genes involved in the TAG metabolism pathway were recovered to a normal level. Taken together, this is the first report of developmental defects in muscles, liver, and energy supply via mitochondria dysfunction, and reveals the functional mechanism of mpv17 in zebrafish.
miR-2337 induces TGF-β1 production in granulosa cells by acting as an endogenous small activating RNA
Authors: Wang Lingfang , Du Xing , Li Qiqi , Wu Wangjun , Pan Zengxiang , Li Qifa
Published: September 2021

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is essential for ovarian function and female fertility in mammals. Herein, we identified three completely linked variants, including two known variants referred to as c.1583A > G and c.1587A > G and the novel variant c.2074A > C in the porcineTGF-β13′-UTR. An important role of these variants in Yorkshire sow fertility was revealed. Variants c.1583A > G and c.1587A > G were located at the miRNA response element (MRE) of miR-2337 and affected miR-2337 regulation ofTGF-β13′-UTR activity. Interestingly, miR-2337 induces, not reduces the transcription and production of TGF-β1 in granulosa cells (GCs). Mechanistically, miR-2337 enhancesTGF-β1promoter activity via the MRE motif in the core promoter region and alters histone modifications, including H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K9me2, and H3K9ac. In addition, miR-2337 controls TGF-β1-mediated activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway and GC apoptosis. Taken together, our findings identify miR-2337 as an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) ofTGF-β1in GCs, while miR-2337 is identified as a small activator of the TGF-β signaling pathway which is expected to be a new target for rescuing GC apoptosis and treating low fertility.
A costimulatory molecule-related signature in regard to evaluation of prognosis and immune features for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hua Xiaoliang , Ge Shengdong , Zhang Jiong , Xiao Haibing , Tai Sheng , Yang Cheng , Zhang Li , Liang Chaozhao
Published: September 2021

Costimulatory molecules have been proven to enhance antitumor immune responses, but their roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to explore the gene expression profiles of costimulatory molecule genes in ccRCC and construct a prognostic signature to improve treatment decision-making and clinical outcomes. We performed the first comprehensive analysis of costimulatory molecules in patients with ccRCC and identified 13 costimulatory molecule genes with prognostic values and diagnostic values. Consensus clustering analysis based on these 13 costimulatory molecular genes showed different distribution patterns and prognostic differences for the two clusters identified. Then, a costimulatory molecule-related signature was constructed based on these 13 costimulatory molecular genes, and validated in an external dataset, showing good performance for predicting a patient’s prognosis. The signature was an independent risk factor for ccRCC patients and was significantly correlated with patients’ clinical factors, which could be used as a complement for clinical factors. In addition, the signature was associated with the tumor immune microenvironment and the response to immunotherapy. Patients identified as high-risk based on our signature exhibited a high mutation frequency, a high level of immune cell infiltration, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. High-risk patients tended to have high cytolytic activity scores and immunophenoscore of CTLA4 and PD1/PD-L1/PD-L2 blocker than low-risk patients, suggesting these patients may be more suitable for immunotherapy. Therefore, our signature could provide clinicians with prognosis predictions and help guide treatment for ccRCC patients.
Trimetazidine attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Wang Li , Jiao Xin-Feng , Wu Cheng , Li Xiao-Qing , Sun Hui-Xian , Shen Xi-Yu , Zhang Kang-Zhen , Zhao Can , Liu Li , Wang Man , Bu Yun-Ling , Li Jia-Wen , Xu Fan , Chang Chen-Lu , Lu Xiang , Gao Wei
Published: September 2021

Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the major side effects of high dose or sustained usage of glucocorticoids. Pyroptosis is a novel form of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death that may contribute to skeletal muscle injury. Trimetazidine, a well-known anti-anginal agent, can improve skeletal muscle performance both in humans and mice. We here showed that dexamethasone-induced atrophy, as evidenced by the increase of muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin-1) and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) expression, and the decrease of myotube diameter in C2C12 myotubes. Dexamethasone also induced pyroptosis, indicated by upregulated pyroptosis-related protein NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, and gasdermin-D (GSDMD). Knockdown of NLRP3 or GSDMD attenuated dexamethasone-induced myotube pyroptosis and atrophy. Trimetazidine treatment ameliorated dexamethasone-induced muscle pyroptosis and atrophy both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of NLRP3 using LPS and ATP not only increased the cleavage and activation of Caspase-1 and GSDMD, but also increased the expression levels of atrophy markers MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 in trimetazidine-treated C2C12 myotubes. Mechanically, dexamethasone inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a, which could be attenuated by trimetazidine. Conversely, co-treatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, picropodophyllin, remarkably increased the expression of NLRP3 and reversed the protective effects of trimetazidine against dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube pyroptosis and atrophy. Taken together, our study suggests that NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis might be a novel mechanism for dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Trimetazidine might be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy.
Rapid synthesis of self-propelled tubular micromotors for “ON–OFF” fluorescent detection of explosives
Authors: Wang Ke , Ma Enhui , Hu Zhenqi , Wang Hong
Published: September 2021

Self-propelled tubular micromotors functionalized with COFs can realize fluorescence “On–Off” detection of trace explosives in water within a few minutes.
Role of defective states in MgO nanoparticles on the photophysical properties and photostability of MEH-PPV/MgO nanocomposite
Authors: Kumar Sangeetha Ashok , Shankar Jaya Seeli , Periyasamy Bhuvana K. , Nayak Sanjay K.
Published: September 2021

Role of oxygen vacancies in the nanoparticles for improving the photostability of the hybrid polymer nancomposite.
Adenine ultrafast photorelaxation via electron-driven proton transfer
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Chen Shunwei , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: September 2021

Excited-state dynamics simulations reveal that water to adenine electron-driven proton transfer (EDPT) barrierless reaction induces ultrafast photorelaxation of adenine in water.
A lightweight convolutional neural network model for quantitative analysis of phosphate ore slurry based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Dong Haiyan , Sun Lanxiang , Qi LiFeng , Yu HaiBin , Zeng Peng
Published: September 2021

Taking the raw spectrum as input data, a lightweight convolutional network architecture estimates quantitatively chemical content due to removing pooling operation, activation function and incorporating inception module.
Improved sensitivity with chloride ions in nanoparticle enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Li Zhifan , Wu Keyan , Shen Jie , Zhang Wen , Zhou Chunlin , Hu Bitao
Published: September 2021

The addition of chloride ions to silver colloid was proposed as an effective approach to enhance laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals.
Thienyltriazine based conjugated porous organic polymers: tuning of the porosity and band gap, and CO2 capture
Authors: Kumar Neha Rani , Das Prasenjit , Agrawal Abhijeet R. , Mandal Sanjay K. , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: September 2021

Structural control established over porous structures is done by efficiently tuning the size and geometry of the building blocks (i.e., by using a spacer) and by tuning the reaction conditions for the tuning of the porosity and band gap value.
Crystalline tetra-aniline with chloride interactions towards a biocompatible supercapacitor
Authors: Tong Xiaoling , Sheng Guan , Yang Dongzi , Li Shuo , Lin Cheng-Wei , Zhang Wei , Chen Zhihui , Wei Chaohui , Yang Xianzhong , Shen Fei , Shao Yanyan , Wei Hui , Zhu Yihan , Sun Jingyu , Kaner Richard B. , Shao Yuanlong
Published: September 2021

A biocompatible supercapacitor has been assembled by incorporating crystalline tetra-aniline as active electrode material via chloride electrochemical interaction.
Metal–organic framework combined with CaO2 nanoparticles for enhanced and targeted photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sun Xinran , Chen Kaixiu , Liu Yingyan , Zhang Guoda , Shi Min , Shi Pengfei , Zhang Shusheng
Published: September 2021

A self-supplying O2 nanosystem based on MOF combined with hyaluronate-modified CaO2 (PCN-224-CaO2-HA) was constructed. This nanosystem can be used for targeted and enhanced photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo.
Mucin-16 targeted mesoporous nano-system for evaluation of cervical cancer via dual-modal computed tomography and ultrasonography
Authors: Tarighatnia Ali , Abdkarimi Mohammad Hossein , Nader Nader D. , Mehdipour Tayebeh , Fouladi Mohammad Reza , Aghanejad Ayuob , Ghadiri Hossein
Published: September 2021

Mesoporous silica-coated bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) are dual-modal contrast agents that enable detection and quantification of cervical cancers at early stages using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US).
Reversible transformation between Au14Ag8 and Au14Ag4 nanoclusters
Authors: Pan Peiyao , Zhou Chuanjun , Li Hao , Zhu Chen , Chen Cheng , Kang Xi , Zhu Manzhou
Published: September 2021

This work presents the reversible transformation between Au14Ag8(Dppm)6(CN)4Cl4 and Au14Ag4(Dppm)6Cl4 nanoclusters.
PhI(OAc)2-mediated trifluoromethylthiolation/oxidative cyclization of ynamides
Authors: Su Shixuan , Yan Zhipeng , Ye Xingyuan , Wang Jingyang , Li Yuan , He Guangke
Published: September 2021

A metal-free trifluoromethylthiolation/oxidative cyclization of ynamides with Shen reagent was achieved, affording 5-trifluoromethylthiooxazolidine-2,4-diones bearing a quaternary carbon center. This reaction could be readily scaled up to gram-scale.
Ba2Ge2Te5: a ternary NLO-active telluride with unusual one-dimensional helical chains and giant second harmonic-generation tensors
Authors: Ran Mao-Yin , Ma Zuju , Wu Xin-Tao , Lin Hua , Zhu Qi-Long
Published: September 2021

The linear-optical and NLO properties of a ternary NLO-active telluride, Ba2Ge2Te5, were investigated systematically at the experimental and theoretical levels for the first time.
Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-alkoxy rearrangement for the selective synthesis of polycyclic ortho-aminoarenol derivatives
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Nozawa Satoru , Ishida Yasuhiro , Muranushi Ichiro , Mayerweg Alexandra , Terada Masahiro
Published: September 2021

Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-alkoxy rearrangement reactions of polycyclic arenes and heteroarenes, such as naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, and indoles, afforded the corresponding ortho-aminoarenol derivatives in good yields and in a site-selective manner.
Amidyl radical-mediated aminodifluoroallylation of alkenes via photoredox catalysis
Authors: Tu Jia-Lin , Yang Jia-Wen , Xu Wei , Su Ma , Liu Feng
Published: September 2021

A practical and redox-neutral method is developed for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkene-containing N-heterocycles via photoredox catalysis.
Droplet evaporation on soft solid substrates
Authors: Charitatos Vasileios , Kumar Satish
Published: September 2021

A rigorous and generalizable mathematical framework describing droplet evaporation on soft solid substrates is developed.
A unique ligand effect in Pt-based core–shell nanocubes to boost oxygen reduction electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Xingqiao , Chen XinKai , Li Xiao , Yan Yucong , Huang Jingbo , Li Junjie , Shen Rong , Tian He , Yang Deren , Zhang Hui
Published: September 2021

A unique ligand effect mainly arising from the strong p–d orbital hybridization between Pt and Pb was demonstrated to play a key role in boosting the ORR properties of Pd3Pb@PtmPb/C catalysts.
Robust superhydrophilic attapulgite-based aligned aerogels for highly efficient and stable solar steam generation in harsh environments
Authors: Song Liang , Geng Le , Tian Yan-pei , Mu Peng , Li Jian
Published: September 2021

Robust superhydrophilic attapulgite-based aligned aerogels were used for highly efficient and stable solar steam generation in harsh environments.
Highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities of nylon composite papers with the integration of strength and toughness
Authors: Wang Wen-yan , Li Chen-yu , Qi Xiao-dong , Yang Jing-hui , Wang Yong
Published: September 2021

Nylon composite papers exhibit highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities due to the orientation of GNPs. Meanwhile, the integrity of the nylon layer endows the composites with integration of excellent strength and toughness.
Enhanced hydrogen evolution efficiency achieved by atomically controlled platinum deposited on gold nanodendrites with high-index surfaces
Authors: Lai Ying-Huang , Li Sin-Ren , M. G Swathi , Chang Hsiao-Tzu , Huang Yu-Bin , Li Yen-Ken , Chen Yu-Mei , Patil Shivaraj B. , Chang Shu-Yi , Chen Po-Kai , Chang Chia-Che , Chen Yi-Chia , Pao Chih-Wen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Wei Chuan-Yu , Lin I.-Kuan , Chou Hung-Lung , Su Chun-Jen , Jeng U-Ser , Kuo Tsung-Rong , Wen Cheng-Yen , Wang Di-Yan
Published: September 2021

Minimum Pt atom deposition on the Au NDs surface (O-Pt on Au NDs) by the constant-current deposition method in acidic conditions played a substantial role in accomplishing the Tafel reaction in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Carbon dots up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 expression towards acute lung injury therapy
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Peipei , Huang Hui , Wang Xiting , Zhang Mengling , Huang Jian , Lu Fang , Chen Jian , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: September 2021

Carbon dots up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 expression towards the acute lung injury therapy.
De novo design of self-assembly hydrogels based on Fmoc-diphenylalanine providing drug release
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Huijun , Liu Lingyan , Cao Chunyan , Wei Peng , Yi Xin , Zhou Yifeng , Lv Qingyang , Zhou Dongfang , Yi Tao
Published: September 2021

We report a self-assembly hydrogel formed under mild conditions based on Fmoc-FF by modifying its hydrophilicity. The hydrogel is elastic, reversible and injectable and can be used as a carrier to carry drugs into cancer cells.
A multifunctional targeted nanoprobe with high NIR-II PAI/MRI performance for precise theranostics of orthotopic early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Linyun , Zhang Yachao , Chen Jiangbo , Liu Gongyuan , Zhu Jingyi , Li Xiaozhen , Li Dengfeng , Yang Yuqi , Lee Chun-Sing , Shi Jiahai , Yin Chao , Lai Puxiang , Wang Lidai , Fang Chihua
Published: September 2021

A novel GPC-3-targeted multifunctional nanoprobe for precise theranostics of orthotopic early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma was developed via dual-modal photoacoustic/magnetic resonance imaging and imaging guided non-invasive photothermal therapy.
Skin-conformal MXene-doped wearable sensors with self-adhesive, dual-mode sensing, and high sensitivity for human motions and wireless monitoring
Authors: Sun Yuegang , Wang Shuang , Du Xiaosheng , Du Zongliang , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu
Published: September 2021

Skin-conformal, high sensitivity, and self-adhesive hydrogels with excellent mechanical characteristics were successfully prepared for application as wearable sensors for wireless monitoring of human motions.
Internal-strain-controlled tungsten bronze structural ceramics for 5G millimeter-wave metamaterials
Authors: Li Lingxia , Wang Xubin , Luo Weijia , Wang Shun , Yang Tian , Zhou Ji
Published: September 2021

Internal-strain-controlled tungsten bronze structural ceramics are uniquely prepared by Al3+and Ga3+co-substitution, and the feasibility of their application in 5G millimeter-wave metamaterials is explored.
A quasi‐differential type event‐triggered model predictive control for perturbed continuous linear systems with constraints
Authors: Xu Zhongxian , He Lile , He Ning , Bai Botao
Published: September 2021

A quasi‐differential type event‐triggered model predictive control (ET‐MPC) framework for continuous‐time linear systems with additional disturbances is constructed. Different from the existing ET‐MPC, the triggering condition of the proposed method is focused on the differences of the errors between the actual states and the best prediction sequence at two consecutive sampling moments. Its advantage is that the dynamic characteristics of state changes can be better considered, which will achieve a more effective balance between communication load and system control performance. Then, to deal with persistent disturbances, a time‐varying tightening robustness state constraint is utilized in this scheme, instead of conventional state constraints. Finally, the new ET‐MPC algorithm is designed based on the dual‐mode control framework, and its feasibility, the system closed‐loop stability, as well as avoidance of Zeno behaviour are rigorously verified. Simulations and comparisons are provided to demonstrate the algorithm effectiveness.
A dynamic routing CapsNet based on increment prototype clustering for overcoming catastrophic forgetting
Authors: Wang Meng , Guo Zhengbing , Li Huafeng
Published: September 2021

In continual learning, previously learnt knowledge tends to be overlapped by the subsequent training tasks. This bottleneck, known as catastrophic forgetting, has recently been relieved between vision tasks involving pixel shuffles etc. Nevertheless, the challenge lies in the continuous classification of the sequential sets discriminated by global transformations, such as excessively spatial rotations. Aim at this, a novel strategy of dynamic memory routing is proposed to dominate the forward paths of capsule network (CapsNet) according to the current input sets. To recall previous knowledge, a binary routing table is maintained among these sequential tasks. Then, an increment procedure of competitive prototype clustering is integrated to update the routing of the current task. Moreover, a sparsity measurement is employed to decouple the salient routing among the different learnt tasks. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed memory network over the state–of–the–art approaches by the recalling evaluations on extended sets of Cifar–100, CelebA and Tiny ImageNet etc.
Overview of recent progress in condition monitoring for insulated gate bipolar transistor modules: Detection, estimation, and prediction
Authors: Huang Meng , Wang Haoran , Bai Liangjun , Li Kang , Bai Ju , Zha Xiaoming
Published: September 2021

The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is one of the most fragile components in power electronics converters. In order to improve the reliability of IGBTs, various measurements are taken according to the condition monitoring (CM) technique. Traditional CM techniques include the measurement and estimation of the device operation conditions. Recently, emerging techniques have been developed, not only for the detection and estimation but also for the prognostics of IGBTs with the condition data. In this paper, a review is performed on the recent progress in the CM techniques for IGBTs. First, some emerging electrical and thermal measurements are reviewed. Based on the sensed data, the health indicator estimation techniques are summarised. Moreover, for the emerging prognostics and health management applications, some remaining using lifetime (RUL) prediction methods are reviewed. Finally, the research gaps and directions are discussed for the CM in IGBT applications.
SAR image classification based on multi‐feature fusion decision convolutional neural network
Authors: Guo Liang
Published: September 2021

With the success of convolutional neural network (CNN) in the field of image processing and image recognition, an improved fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) based on CNN is proposed. Although FCNN has better performance than CNN, the number of parameters of FCNN has also increased significantly compared to CNN. Consequently, this paper proposes a multi‐feature fusion decision convolutional neural network (MFFD‐CNN), which use two kinds down‐sample methods in the pooling layer, and chooses the concatenate or add operation as the way that consolidates the feature of the convolutional layer with a stride of 2 and the max‐pooling layer to execute fusion operations. Meanwhile replaces the traditional softmax loss with an additive margin Softmax (AM‐Softmax) loss. The structure, which is based on the multi‐target classification experiment results of the MSTAR data set, shows can not only obtain an average correct recognition rate 1.2% higher than FCNN, but also better stability without augmenting the training samples of MSTAR data.
Optimal distributed cooperative jamming resource allocation for multi‐missile threat scenario
Authors: Wu Zhaodong , Hu Shengliang , Luo Yasong , Li Xiang
Published: September 2021

Jamming resources allocation (JRA) is an essential task in clustered combat environments. Especially in cases with multiple threats, efficient JRA is imperative for protecting key assets. In this study, multiple distributed outboard jammers protecting multiple targets against a multi‐missile threat are considered, where the function of JRA includes jamming object selection and jammer power allocation. To address this problem, first, a scheme to evaluate the jamming effectiveness of the radar seeker under cooperative jamming from multiple jammers is proposed. Considering power allocation, a mixed‐integer programing model for the optimisation of JRA is further established. A two‐track simultaneous update binary particle swarm algorithm (TS‐BPSO) is then devised to obtain the solutions of the JRA. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method for multiple jammers in the multiple missiles scenario is evaluated through simulations. The simulation results suggest that the distributed cooperative jamming resource allocation is affected by the incoming orientation of the missile and the relative position of the jammers and the targets. The findings of the study enable evaluating the use of jammer formations and provide insights into developing effective jamming strategies.
Online pricing for demand‐side management in a low‐voltage resistive micro‐grid via a Stackelberg game with incentive strategies
Authors: Genis Mendoza Fernando , Konstantopoulos George , Bauso Dario
Published: September 2021

It has been demonstrated that online pricing mechanisms are a viable solution for demand side management in power systems. This study deals with the analysis and design of a droop‐controlled low‐voltage resistive AC micro‐grid network system. Such a system is subjected to a dynamic demand obtained from an online pricing mechanism, which is proposed as a novelty in the study of micro‐grids. This mechanism is derived from a variation of the Stackelberg game, which includes the use of incentive strategies. First, a configuration in which a supplier announces an incentive function and ‐consumers’ reaction to the resulting personalised price is presented. Then, a detailed stability analysis of the micro‐grid is presented as a result of the interaction with the aforementioned online pricing mechanism. The units of the micro‐grid (generators as the supplier and loads as the consumers) operate under either conventional or bounded droop control. The novelty of the approach is that it bridges the gap between the physical and the market layers of the problem. The ways in which the existence of multiple equilibrium points is guaranteed for both the consumer's load and the supplier's announced incentive are shown. A detailed design process for the profit functions of the players is shown in conjunction with the parameter selection for their implementation. Finally, simulations that demonstrate the system stability and its convergence to different equilibria are implemented under scenarios with one and multiple consumers.
Prospects for a polarimetric mapping of the Sgr A molecular cloud complex with IXPE
Authors: Ferrazzoli R. , Di Gesu L. , Donnarumma I. , Soffitta P. , Costa E. , Muleri F. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Marin F.
Published: September 2021

Context. The X-ray polarization degree of the molecular clouds surrounding Sgr A* is expected to be greatly reduced due to the mixing of the polarized reflection emission with the unpolarized thermal emission that pervades the Galactic center region. This makes this type of observation a challenging experiment for the upcoming Imaging X-ray Polarimeter Explorer (IXPE), whose launch is expected in 2021.

Aims. We aim to determine the detectability of four molecular clouds of the Sgr A complex (MC2, Bridge B2, Bridge E, and G0.11-0.11) in a realistic IXPE pointing of the Sgr A field of view. We assess the minimum increase in the detectable polarization when a molecular cloud is off-axis. We provide two different strategies for reconstructing the intrinsic cloud polarization once the data is available.

Methods. We used the Monte Carlo tool ixpeobssim to simulate IXPE observations of the Sgr A molecular cloud complex. We used Chandra maps and spectra to model the diffuse emission in the Galactic center region along with a realistic model of the instrumental and diffuse background. We created synthetic polarization products of the unpolarized emission and combined them with a test data set obtained from a simulation of a 2 Ms long IXPE observation to retrieve the intrinsic polarization degree of the molecular clouds.

Results. We find that for the molecular clouds considered here, the minimum detectable polarization (MDP) increases by ~1–15% with respect to the case in which a cloud is observed on-axis. We successfully retrieve the intrinsic polarization degree in the 4.0–8.0 keV band and line-of-sight distance of one of them taken as an example, namely, G0.11-0.11, by correcting the observed (i.e., for a 2 Ms-long simulation) polarization degree map using either a synthetic dilution map or a Stokes intensity map of the unpolarized emission. With both methods, the position of the cloud along the line-of-sight is derived from the reconstructed polarization degree with an uncertainty of 7 and 4 pc, respectively.

Conclusions. We confirm the results of previous studies, finding that G0.11-0.11 is the most promising target. For the Sgr A molecular complex region, we propose an observation strategy that may permit detection up to three clouds in the 4.0–8.0 keV band, depending on their true line-of-sight position. We demonstrate that by using simulated data products of the unpolarized components, it is possible to clean up the observed polarization maps from the environmental contamination. The methods we present here are potentially useful for the analysis of X-ray polarimetric data of any extended source that is affected by environmental dilution of the polarized signal. To accurately measure (i.e, with uncertainties of the order of a few parsec) the distance of the cloud along the line-of-sight, a high-quality spectrum and image of the clouds quasi simultaneous to the IXPE pointing are needed.
Pre-germination treatment with hydrogen peroxide as a controlled elicitation strategy to improve chemical properties of hydroponic barley fodder
Authors: Delis-Hechavarría E. A. , Guevara-González R. G. , Ocampo-Velazquez R. V. , Gómez-Soto J. G. , Tovar-Pérez E. G. , García-Trejo J. F. , Torres-Pacheco I.
Published: September 2021

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most used species for hydroponic green fodder. The chemical properties of fodders may be enhanced through use of various strategies during crop production, including stress applications. In this context, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as a stress factor in controlled elicitation, a technique used to increase secondary metabolites in food. The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of using controlled elicitation with H2O2 for enhancing the chemical properties of hydroponic barley fodder. H2O2 was applied to the seeds as a pre-germination treatment at three concentrations: 50, 100 and 150 mM. Morphological changes, enzymatic defence-related activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, chalcone isomerase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), total phenolics content, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Significant increases in total phenolics content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and ABTS antioxidant capacity were obtained when seeds were treated with 50 mM H2O2. Plant growth was promoted with 100 mM and 150 mM H2O2 treatments, and germination of seeds with 100 mM H2O2. It was established that controlled elicitation using H2O2 increased some morphological and biochemical variables of hydroponic barley fodder related to food properties.
Absolute hyperfine energy levels and isotope shift of Rb 5S–6S two-photon transition
Authors: Orson S T , McLaughlin C D , Lindsay M D , Knize R J
Published: September 2021

Using a Rb cell and a wavemeter, with a Doppler-free two-photon transition near 993 nm, we have measured the four hyperfine components (two isotopes, ΔF = 0) of the 5S–6S transition, finding the absolute energies of those transitions to a spectral resolution of 0.002 cm−1 = 60 MHz. We find the (87 minus 85) isotope shift of the 5S–6S transition to be +94(12) MHz. Using our single frequency cw laser with focused intensity up to 104 W cm−2 at the cell, we find no AC Stark or light shift of the lines at 6 MHz spectral resolution. We find no density shift of the lines at 6 MHz spectral resolution, for a range of Rb atom densities from 3 × 1011 to 5 × 1013 atoms/cm3.
Recent advances in organic, inorganic, and hybrid thermoelectric aerogels
Authors: Liang Lirong , Wang Xiaodong , Liu Zhuoxin , Sun Guoxing , Chen Guangming
Published: September 2021

The thermoelectric (TE) materials and corresponding TE devices can achieve direct heat-to-electricity conversion, thus have wide applications in heat energy harvesting (power generator), wearable electronics and local cooling. In recent years, aerogel-based TE materials have received considerable attention and have made remarkable progress because of their unique structural, electrical and thermal properties. In this review, the recent progress in both organic, inorganic, and composite/hybrid TE aerogels is systematically summarized, including the main constituents, preparation method, TE performance, as well as factors affecting the TE performance and the corresponding mechanism. Moreover, two typical aerogel-based TE devices/generators are compared and analyzed in terms of assembly modes and output performance. Finally, the present challenges and some tentative suggestions for future research prospects are provided in conclusion.
Refocusing and locating effect of fluorescence scattering field*
Authors: Cui Jian-Gong , Yu Ya-Xin , Chu Xiao-Xia , Zhao Rong-Yu , Zhu Min , Meng Fan , Zhang Wen-Dong
Published: September 2021

Optical imaging deep inside scattering medium has always been one of the challenges in the field of bioimaging, which significantly drawbacks the employment of con-focal microscopy system. Although a variety of feedback techniques, such as acoustic or nonlinear fluorescence-based schemes have realized the refocusing of the coherent light, the problems of non-invasively refocusing and locating of linearly-excited fluorescent beads inside the scattering medium have not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we linearly excited the fluorescent beads inside a scattering medium by using our homemade optical con-focal system, collected the fluorescence scattering light as the optimized target, and established a theoretical model of target contrast enhancement, which is consistent with the experimental data. By improving both the cost function and variation rate within the genetic algorithm, we could refocus the fluorescence scattering field while improving the contrast enhancement factor to 12.8 dB. Then, the positions of the fluorescent beads are reconstructed by subpixel accuracy centroid localization algorithm, and the corresponding error is no more than 4.2 μm with several fluorescent beads within the field of view. Finally, the main factors such as the number of fluorescent beads, the thickness of the scattering medium, the modulating parameter, the experimental noise and the system long-term stability are analyzed and discussed in detail. This study proves the feasibility of reconstructing fluorescent labeled cells inside biological tissues, which provides certain reference value for deep imaging of biological tissues.
Quantum walk search algorithm for multi-objective searching with iteration auto-controlling on hypercube
Authors: Jiang Yao-Yao , Chu Peng-Cheng , Zhang Wen-Bin , Ma Hong-Yang
Published: September 2021

Shenvi et al. have proposed a quantum algorithm based on quantum walking called Shenvi–Kempe–Whaley (SKW) algorithm, but this search algorithm can only search one target state and use a specific search target state vector. Therefore, when there are more than two target nodes in the search space, the algorithm has certain limitations. Even though a multi-objective SKW search algorithm was proposed later, when the number of target nodes is more than two, the SKW search algorithm cannot be mapped to the same quotient graph. In addition, the calculation of the optimal target state depends on the number of target states m. In previous studies, quantum computing and testing algorithms were used to solve this problem. But these solutions require more Oracle calls and cannot get a high accuracy rate. Therefore, to solve the above problems, we improve the multi-target quantum walk search algorithm, and construct a controllable quantum walk search algorithm under the condition of unknown number of target states. By dividing the Hilbert space into multiple subspaces, the accuracy of the search algorithm is improved from p
c = (1/2) – O(1/n) to p
c = 1 – O(1/n). And by adding detection gate phase, the algorithm can stop when the amplitude of the target state becomes the maximum for the first time, and the algorithm can always maintain the optimal number of iterations, so as to reduce the number of unnecessary iterations in the algorithm process and make the number of iterations reach

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