bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (Dcc) and P53 Mrna Expression In Young Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: IB Budhi , IB Metria , B Hanafi , SS Herri , JS Effendi
Published: January 2018

Background : The incidence of colorectal malignancies at a young age, and the absence of sufficient data to explain about it, including in terms of gene mutations that play a role.  The research will be done here is to determine whether changes in mRNA expression of genes DCC ( deleted in colorectal cancer ) and p53 play a role in colorectal malignancy is less than 40 years of age.  Researchers also will perform immunohistochemistry to look at protein expression of the gene and protein expression was evaluated whether these correlated with mRNA expression.
Methods : This study is an observational analytic cross sectional design, carried out in the Laboratory of Biomedical Faculty of Medicine Sebelas Maret University from June 2013 to March 2014.  Subjects were 30 patients with stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma, with details of the 15 subjects for each group.  Subjects taken by consecutive sampling.  Immunohistochemical examination of paraffin block preparation and reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) of tumor tissue samples for evaluation of the presence of the protein and mRNA expression of DCC and p53 genes .Statistical analysis using the chi-square test and Phi correlation. 
Results : the 4 subjects in the age group ≤ 40 years was not accompanied by DCC protein expression while in the age group > 40 years of protein expression obtained in all preparations.  Expression of p53 protein more available in the age group > 40 years ( 3 subjects ), in the age group ≤ 40 years is only found in 1 subject. Examination results of RT-PCR to assess the mRNA expression results are consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry.  Eleven subjects from the age group ≤ 40 years obtained DCC mRNA expression, whereas p53 mRNA expression was found in 12 subjects.  From  statistical analysis using the chi-square test and Phi correlation, we found significant association between protein and mRNA expression of DCC with colorectal cancer aged ≤ 40 years.  Correlation of test results, obtained significant correlation between mRNA expression of DCC with colorectal cancer aged ≤ 40 years and the results of protein expression were significantly correlated with mRNA expression of DCC and p53 genes. 
Conclusion : the expression of p53 protein and mRNA did not play a role in colorectal cancer ≤ 40 years of age. Protein expression was positively correlated with mRNA expression .
A Terra Imbolada, o direito traçado: estratégias de repodução do patrimônio familiar no Médio Jequitinhonha
Authors: Teixeira Raquel Oliveira Santos
Published: January 2018

As “terras de herança” do Médio Jequitinhonhase constituíram a partir de relações quearticularam processos e modalidadeshegemônicas de apropriação do espaço às formaslocais colonizadas de produção dos “territóriossociais”. A exposição às experiências históricasde expropriação e a exiguidade de seu territórioconformaram um quadro de intensoagenciamento sobre a disposição e a transmissãoda terra, compondo uma gramática local decostumes sucessórios orientados para a garantiada reprodução social das famílias. Estaslocalidades compreendem, hoje, domíniosespaciais de pertencimento reconstruídospoliticamente no campo silencioso e cotidiano dagestão de seus recursos. O ensaio procuraexaminar as práticas costumeiras de gestão dessesterritórios, sobretudo, suas estratégias sucessóriasassentadas sob um conhecimento prático,costumeiro e localizado cujas expressões tomama forma de disposições éticas e afetivasassimiladas ao discurso genealógico e à memóriacoletiva, registros que asseveram a legitimidadede seus direitos territoriais.
Urgency Competence of Media Literacy for Archivist
Authors: Santoso Agus
Published: January 2018

The study of media literacy has been conducted by the earlier scientists. That research uses population that have different characteristics to each other. So this studies of media literacy have various models or patterns. This models or patterns of media literacies will be used as basic data to the next study that generated will usually be the basis for the further research. Basically, the model of media literacy generated by some researchers only can be applied in the population which become objects of research. To day, the archives faced many challenges due to the presence of information technology, so that the competence of media literacy as one of the important competencies to have. through this competency, archivist are expected to manage archives organization effectively and efficiently. This paper uses a descriptive method to describe how media literacy becomes important for archives.
O SETOR PORTUÁRIO SERGIPANO E SUA DINÂMICA RECENTE: TRANSPORTE DE CARGAS E GARGALOS INFRAESTRUTURAIS
Authors: FELIPE JÚNIOR Nelson Fernandes
Published: January 2018

O transporte marítimo contribui com os fluxos de mercadorias no espaço e permite articular diversas cidades, regiões e países, sendo importante para o desenvolvimento econômico. O estado de Sergipe apresentou maior inserção econômica em âmbito regional e nacional na última década, no entanto, possui um setor portuário pouco dinâmico que prejudica o comércio, as redes e o efeito multiplicador interno. Diante desse contexto, busca-se realizar uma análise setorial, considerando a relação entre transporte marítimo, logística e dinâmica econômica, além de destacar os principais gargalos existentes.
ELEMENTOS PRÉ-TEXTUAIS
Authors: Editor S&T
Published: January 2018

Elementos pré-textuaisSociedade e Território – Natal. Vol. 29, N. 2. Jul./Dez. de 2017
Modelo de Robótica Educativa con el Robot Darwin Mini para Desarrollar Competencias en Estudiantes de Licenciatura / An approach to educational robotics using the Darwin Mini Robot as a tool for undergraduate skill development
Authors: Sánchez Ramírez José Luis , Juárez Landín Cristina
Published: January 2018

En este trabajo se plantea la utilización de un robot didáctico para fomentar el desarrollo de competencias, que es una vertiente novedosa que se genera en el ámbito académico y de investigación para el fortalecimiento del conocimiento multidisciplinario en estudiantes de nivel Licenciatura. Para esto se planteó y diseñó un conjunto de estrategias que se implementarán con los estudiantes mediante la herramienta tecnológica más adecuada que se tenga disponible, realizando previamente un amplio análisis de los diferentes Robots con fines didácticos que hay en el mercado para poder elegir la opción que mejor se adapte a nuestras necesidades, por lo cual se seleccionó el Robot Darwin Mini de la marca Robotis, que es un robot de forma humanoide que contiene una amplia gama de utilidades y funcionalidades que les permiten a los estudiantes motivar y potenciar el aprendizaje en diferentes ámbitos de la educación, desde la construcción del robot que requiere la intervención de varias disciplinas como mecánica, informática, electrónica, matemáticas, física, etc., hasta su programación y utilización, que implica a su vez otro conjunto de conocimientos. Dichas estrategias permiten identificar las pautas a seguir que se consideran en un modelo de robótica educativa.
Análisis de los factores psicosociales de estudiantes universitarios que trabajan / Analysis of the psychosocial factors of working students
Authors: Silva-Gutiérrez Blanca-Noemí , De la Cruz-Guzmán Ulises-Osbaldo
Published: January 2018

El actual entorno económico, que cada día exige para el mercado de trabajo puestos cada vez más especializados, lleva a que los jóvenes inviertan en su formación profesional, lo que obliga a muchos a enfrentar el desafío de combinar los estudios con el trabajo para lograr dicha formación y, en un futuro próximo, insertarse en un mercado tan competido. La presente investigación se centró en estudiar las características laborales de la población estudiantil en un centro temático de la Universidad de Guadalajara. El objetivo fue conocer cuáles son las características de los empleos remunerados de los alumnos, en especial a los componentes de tipo psicosocial que presenta su entorno laboral. Se empleó una metodología de corte cuantitativo transversal, utilizando una técnica estadística de tipo no paramétrico; las características de la muestra son estudiantes de pregrado de dicho centro universitario, durante el segundo semestre del año 2015. El análisis se realizó en dos momentos, identificándose en el primero la existencia de precariedad laboral respecto a cuestiones como la percepción salarial, jornada laboral, prestaciones sociales y contrato de trabajo. En un segundo momento se analizan los aspectos de la dimensión psicosocial con respecto de la percepción salarial.
Application of Artificial Neural Network in the Early Warning System for Food Crisis Management
Authors: Sampurno Rizky Mulya , Seminar Kudang B.
Published: January 2018

Artificial neural network (ANN) has widely used to various sectors in agriculture. In term of food security management, ANN used to determine food crisis level based on its factors. The aim of this research is to increase ANN performance in term of pattern recognition by advanced learning using updated data as well as ANN weight analysis. This research has used multi-layer perceptron 2 hidden layers with backpropagation algorithm. The input-output patterns were food crisis factors and crisis level, respectively. Result showed that advance learning could increase accuracy level. It was from 70,55% to 85,38%. Based on weight analysis of ANN neuron, factors that affected to crisis level were: (1) crop failure/natural disaster, (2) normative consumption ratio, (3) rice price, (4) stock exchange, (5) infant mortality, (6) non forest area, (7) currency, (8) people under poverty line, (9) underweight infant and (10) annual rainfall. The 3 big factors are critical aspect should be concerned in food crisis management. Keywords: ANN, backpropagation, food crisis management, food security
Study on the influence on the formation of highly ordered porous anodic aluminia membrane
Authors: Pong-Sik O , Se-Hun Ryang , Gum-Chol Sin , Guk-Nam Hwang , hong yongson
Published: January 2018

We have studied porous anodic alumina template through the second anodic oxidation of preparation. Observing the morphology of nanoscale AAO template using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the results indicate that the pores are orderly paralleled arranged with uniform pore diameter, perpendicular to the template surface. A detailed study of the influence of different oxidation conditions, such as different type of electrolyte, concentration, voltage and temperature on the template of alumina and its electrochemical mechanism were performed. By changing the oxidation voltage, electrolyte type, concentration, pore diameter and template thickness can be altered in a wide range such that we can obtain the desired aspect ratio.
Cytotoxicity of 2-oxazines and poly(2-oxazine)s in mouse fibroblast
Authors: Kroneková Zuzana , Lorson Thomas , Kronek Juraj , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: January 2018

Poly(2-oxazoline)s are a polymer family that has received much attention in the last decade as biomaterials. In contrast, poly(2-oxazine)s, which can be viewed as their higher backbone homologue, have received much less attention. A first step towards the assessment as potential biomaterials is the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the polymers. Therefore, a small selection of water soluble poly(2-oxazine)s are evaluated with respect to their cytotoxicity against 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. The polymers were tested at concentrations of up to 100 g/L for 24h. In addition, we studied the cytotoxicity of the monomers, namely 2-methyl-2-oxazine, 2-ethyl-2-oxazine and 2-propyl-2-oxazine in the same cell line. We found that neither monomers nor polymers exhibit a pronounced cytotoxicity. None of the monomers lead to any discernable effect on the cell viability in concentrations of up to 1 g/L with IC50 values ranging from 4 g/L to 20 g/L. Not surprisingly, the polymers poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazine) exhibit even lower cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 20 to 70 g/L. These preliminary but positive evaluation of the cytotoxicity of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazine) warrants further investigations on their use as biomaterials.
Cinomose canina: revisão de literatura
Authors: Portela Vanessa Alessandra De Barros , De Lima Thais Melquiades , Maia Rita de Cássia Carvalho
Published: January 2018

A cinomose canina é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa causada por um RNA vírus do gênero Morbillivirus. De relevância mundial é considerada como a segunda principal causa de morte entre os cães dentre as doenças infecciosas, perdendo apenas para a raiva.  Com alta capacidade imunossupressora o vírus leva à doença neurológica e sistêmica graves. Acomete principalmente cães não vacinados ou submetidos a vacinas com doses incompletas, colostro materno com título baixo de anticorpos ou sem título, imunossupressão e histórico de contato com animais infectados. A transmissão viral ocorre por aerossóis e gotículas infectantes provenientes de excreções e secreções corpóreas dos animais infectados. Uma resposta imunológica deficiente leva o animal a apresentar manifestações clínicas caracterizadas por distúrbios gastroentéricos, oftalmológicos, dermatológicos, respiratórios e neurológicos. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio do histórico do animal, exame clínico e laboratoriais realizados a partir de secreções ou tecidos. Não existem protocolos terapêuticos específicos para a infecção pela cinomose, entretanto, o uso de fármacos para terapia de suporte e sintomática é essencial. O uso de antivirais tem sido discutido recentemente, mas os resultados não são considerados promissores, uma vez que o animal apresenta um agravamento dos sinais sistêmicos devido aos efeitos colaterais. Vacinas contra o vírus da cinomose estão presentes no mercado, porém possuem eficácia limitada, uma vez que mesmo animais vacinados podem desenvolver a doença. Diante de tantas informações disponíveis, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento e compilação compreensiva de dados obtidos da literatura existente a respeito do vírus da cinomose canina.
A ZFM À LUZ DOS PRINCÍPIOS DA OMC: O PROCESSO PRODUTIVO BÁSICO VISTO COMO UMA POLÍTICA NECESSÁRIA AO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL
Authors: Oliveira Domingues Juliana , Loretto Lochagin Gabriel
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre a compatibilidade das políticas industriais da Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM), especificamente os Processos Produtivos Básicos (PPBs), com o contexto de globalização comercial que, ao vedar diversas medidas discriminatórias, reduz também o espaço de elaboração e execução de políticas internas de desenvolvimento relacionadas ao apoio à indústria doméstica. Utilizando o método indutivo dentro de uma interpretação sistemática, propomos que o tema deve ser analisado diante da necessidade de estímulos regionais, com esforços maiores de ampliação do espaço de implantação de políticas de desenvolvimento no contexto multilateral.
Mechanical Properties of High Strength Mortars Made withFine Waste Concrete Aggregates and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Nahhab Ali Hassoon
Published: January 2018

The mechanical properties of high strength mortars produced with fine waste concrete aggregate (FWCA) and GGBFS were investigated. The natural sand was replaced by FWCA with different levels, namely 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was substituted by GGBFS with 0, 30, and 60% by weight. To satisfy the requirements of high strength, all the mortar mixes were made with a 0.25 w/bratio. The hardened mortars were tested for compressive strength, splitting tension, and fracture parametersat different ages.The experimental findings showed that the mixtures with FWCA showed lower strength, fracture energy and toughness compared to the corresponding reference mixes at a given age and GGBFS content. The 30% replacement of OPC by GGBFS improved the strengths of all mixes at 28 and 90 days. Moreover, the use of 30% GGBFS counterbalanced the strength decrement due to the use of the FWCA such that the mixtures with FWCA and GGBFS showed strengths comparable to or even exceeded the strengths of the mixtures made with natural sand only.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Education Sciences in 2017
Authors:   Education Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Education Sciences maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Marine Drugs in 2017
Authors:   Marine Drugs Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Marine Drugs maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Concepts for Reusing Composite Materials from Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades in Affordable Housing
Authors: Bank Lawrence , Arias Franco , Yazdanbakhsh Ardavan , Gentry T. , Al-Haddad Tristan , Chen Jian-Fei , Morrow Ruth
Published: January 2018

The very rapid growth in wind energy technology in the last 15 years has led to a rapid growth in the amount of non-biodegradable, thermosetting fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials used in wind turbine blades. This paper discusses conceptual architectural and structural options for recycling these blades by reusing parts of wind turbine blades in new or retrofitted housing projects. It focuses on large-sized FRP pieces that can be salvaged from the turbine blades and can potentially be useful in infrastructure projects where harsh environmental conditions (water and high humidity) exist. Since reuse design should be for specific regional locations and architectural characteristics the designs presented in this paper are for the coastal regions of the Yucatan province in Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico where low-quality masonry block informal housing is vulnerable to severe hurricanes and flooding. To demonstrate the concept a prototype 100 m long wind blade model developed by Sandia National Laboratories is used to show how a wind blade can be broken down into parts, thus making it possible to envision architectural applications for the different wind blade segments for housing applications.
Preseason Strength Assessment of the Rotator Muscles and Shoulder Injury in Handball Players
Authors: Forthomme Bénédicte , Croisier Jean-Louis , Delvaux François , Kaux Jean-François , Crielaard Jean-Michel , Gleizes-Cervera Sophie
Published: January 2018

Context: 

Few researchers have identified intrinsic risk factors for shoulder injury in team handball players by analyzing measurements of maximal isokinetic rotator muscle strength.

Objective: 

To identify possible intrinsic risk factors for shoulder injury by analyzing measurements of maximal isokinetic rotator muscle strength.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Male team handball senior divisions (the highest level) in France and Belgium.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 108 male high-level handball players (age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 189 ± 6 cm, mass = 87 ± 11 kg) were enrolled.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

All players completed a preseason questionnaire and performed a bilateral isokinetic assessment of the shoulder rotator muscles. On a monthly questionnaire, players reported any shoulder injury that they sustained during the season.

Results: 

On the preseason questionnaire, 51 of 108 (47%) participants reported a history of dominant-shoulder injury. A total of 106 participants completed the in-season questionnaire, with 22% (n = 23) reporting a shoulder injury on their dominant side during the subsequent season. Fourteen percent (n = 15) sustained microtraumatic injuries, and 8% (n = 8) described a traumatic injury. Backcourt players had a 3.5-times increased risk of injury during the new season compared with players in other positions. Among the isokinetic results, no risk factor for further injury was identified in handball players with microtraumatic injuries. For traumatic injuries, the concentric maximal strength developed by the internal rotators at high speed (240°/s) in the dominant shoulder was a protective factor against the risk of further injury.

Conclusions: 

These results can potentially identify intrinsic risk factors for shoulder injury and may be used to determine potential interventions for reducing this risk in handball players.
Interdisciplinary Learning Activities
Authors: Edelbroek Hannah , Mijnders Myrte , Post Ger ,   Instituut voor Interdisciplinaire Studies
Published: January 2018

As the complex societal and technological challenges of the 21st century cannot be addressed by solutions from just one field of expertise, academics are increasingly expected to cross the disciplinary boundaries. 'Interdisciplinary Learning Activities' contains concrete suggestions in the form of examples of learning activities that university teachers can use to teach and foster interdisciplinary skills in graduate and undergraduate students. These skills for interdisciplinary understanding include critical thinking, collaboration, and reflection.

Socratic style questioning, Breaking news, The Walt Disney strategy, and The interdisciplinary shuttle are just four examples of the 32 interdisciplinary learning activities for workshops, courses and curricula that are shared by university teachers in this handbook. Incorporating these activities into education will contribute to creating a challenging, engaging and successful learning environment.
Modification, calibration, and performance of the Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer for particle size distribution and volatility measurements during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) airborne campaign
Authors: Kupc Agnieszka , Williamson Christina , Wagner Nicholas L. , Richardson Mathews , Brock Charles A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol is a key component of the chemistry and climate of the
Earth's atmosphere. Accurate measurement of the concentration of atmospheric
particles as a function of their size is fundamental to investigations of
particle microphysics, optical characteristics, and chemical processes. We
describe the modification, calibration, and performance of two commercially
available, Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometers (UHSASs) as used on
the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). To
avoid sample flow issues related to pressure variations during aircraft
altitude changes, we installed a laminar flow meter on each instrument to
measure sample flow directly at the inlet as well as flow controllers to
maintain constant volumetric sheath flows. In addition, we added a compact
thermodenuder operating at 300 ∘C to the inlet line of one of the
instruments. With these modifications, the instruments are capable of making
accurate (ranging from 7 % for Dp < 0.07 µm to 1 %
for Dp > 0.13 µm), precise
(< ±1.2 %), and continuous (1 Hz) measurements of size-resolved particle number
concentration over the diameter range of 0.063–1.0 µm at ambient
pressures of > 1000 to 225 hPa, while simultaneously providing
information on particle volatility. We assessed the effect of uncertainty in the refractive index (n) of ambient
particles that are sized by the UHSAS assuming the refractive index of
ammonium sulfate (n= 1.52). For calibration particles with n between 1.44 and
1.58, the UHSAS diameter varies by +4/−10 % relative to ammonium
sulfate. This diameter uncertainty associated with the range of refractive
indices (i.e., particle composition) translates to aerosol surface area and
volume uncertainties of +8.4/−17.8 and +12.4/−27.5 %,
respectively. In addition to sizing uncertainty, low counting statistics can
lead to uncertainties of < 20 % for aerosol surface area and
< 30 % for volume with 10 s time resolution. The UHSAS reduction
in counting efficiency was corrected for concentrations > 1000 cm−3. Examples of thermodenuded and non-thermodenuded aerosol number and volume
size distributions as well as propagated uncertainties are shown for several
cases encountered during the ATom project. Uncertainties in particle number
concentration were limited by counting statistics, especially in the
tropical upper troposphere where accumulation-mode concentrations were
sometimes < 20 cm−3 (counting rates ∼ 5 Hz) at
standard temperature and pressure.
On the interaction of short linear internal waves with internal solitary waves
Authors: Xu Chengzhu , Stastna Marek
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We study the interaction of small-scale internal wave packets with a large-scale internal solitary wave using high-resolution direct numerical simulations in two dimensions. A key finding is that for wave packets whose constituent waves are short in comparison to the solitary wave width, the interaction leads to an almost complete destruction of the short waves. For mode-1 short waves in the packet, as the wavelength increases, a cutoff is reached, and for larger wavelengths the waves in the packet are able to maintain their structure after the interaction. This cutoff corresponds to the wavelength at which the phase speed of the short waves upstream of the solitary wave exceeds the maximum current induced by the solitary wave. For mode-2 waves in the packet, however, no corresponding cutoff is found. Analysis based on linear theory suggests that the destruction of short waves occurs primarily due to the velocity shear induced by the solitary wave, which alters the vertical structure of the waves so that significant wave activity is found only above (below) the deformed pycnocline for overtaking (head-on) collisions. The deformation of vertical structure is more significant for waves with a smaller wavelength. Consequently, it is more difficult for these waves to adjust to the new solitary-wave-induced background environment. These results suggest that through the interaction with relatively smaller length scale waves, internal solitary waves can provide a means to decrease the power observed in the short-wave band in the coastal ocean.
Spatial assessments of soil organic carbon for stakeholder decision-making. A case study from Kenya
Authors: Vågen Tor-Gunnar , Winowiecki Leigh Ann , Neely Constance , Chesterman Sabrina , Bourne Mieke
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Land degradation impacts the health and livelihoods of about 1.5 billion people worldwide. Given that the state of the environment and food security are strongly interlinked in tropical landscapes, the increasing need for land for food production, urbanization and other uses pose several threats to sustainability in the long term. There is increasing recognition that more integrated approaches to assessments and management of ecosystem health are needed to meet the targets of the 2030 Agenda, including SDG 15.3. In addition to systematic and reliable biophysical and socio-economic assessments, stakeholder engagement with evidence is crucial to support integrated approaches. This paper demonstrates the integration of land and soil health maps with socioeconomic datasets into an online, open-access platform called the Resilience Diagnostic and Decision Support Tool for Turkana County in Kenya, using the Stakeholder Approach to Risk Informed and Evidence Based Decision Making (SHARED) methodology. The paper highlights the utility of spatial assessments of soil organic carbon (SOC) for monitoring of land degradation neutrality (LDN) compliance, understanding the drivers of SOC dynamics, and inclusion in stakeholder decision-making. The main objectives of this paper were to: (1) demonstrate the application of a systematic approach for land health assessments, including spatial mapping of soil organic carbon; (2) show an operational interdisciplinary framework for assessing ecosystem health; and (3) showcase the application of evidence-based tools for stakeholder engagement using the SHARED approach.
La democracia precaria. El sistema del sorteo de la democracia ateniense antigua en Francisco Rodríguez Adrados y Antonio Tovar Llorente.
Authors: Bellón Aguilera José Luis
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo explora dos obras pioneras en España sobre la Atenas democrática de la antigüedad, escritas durante el franquismo: Vida de Sócrates (1947, 19532, reed. 1966, 1984) y La democracia ateniense (1975, 19661 bajo el título Ilustración y política en la Grecia clásica), escritas respectivamente por Antonio Tovar Llorente (1911-1985) y Francisco Rodríguez Adrados (nacido 1922). El artículo discute, centrándose en el tratamiento en las obras del sorteo – el elemento más distintivo de la democracia antigua ateniense –, las contradicciones internas, las lecturas sesgadas ideológicamente, así como los logros. El análisis se basa, primero, en la oposición entre ciencia e ideología, partiendo de la lectura de Ellen M. Wood sobre estudiosos del mundo clásico y, segundo, en un marco de sociología de los intelectuales.
Democracia y sorteo de cargos
Authors: Linares Sebastián
Published: January 2018

Se contrastan las virtudes democráticas de las elecciones populares con las del sorteo de cargos, y se argumenta que las elecciones populares (aunque también los referéndums activados por la ciudadanía) exhiben mejores credenciales morales para arrogarse la legitimidad y autoridad final en un sistema político. Se rescata el carácter complementario del sorteo de cargos y se argumenta a favor de la “polifuncionalidad” pragmática del mismo dependiendo del contexto. Se describen algunas propuestas de mecanismos mixtos que combinan las elecciones con el sorteo de cargos y se discute su utilidad para algunos contextos específicos. Finalmente, se propone un nuevo sistema de democracia directa –activado por la ciudadanía- que hace un uso inteligente de las asambleas de sorteados. Se argumenta que bajo este último formato las asambleas de sorteados están capacitadas para fijar un nuevo horizonte de legitimidad democrática.
Méditation haïtienne
Authors: Piron Florence
Published: January 2018

Inspiré par plusieurs terrains au Québec, en Haïti et en Afrique, cet article propose une critique politique et éthique de l’épistémologie positiviste qui domine le régime contemporain de production des savoirs. Je montre que cette épistémologie porte en elle une injonction puissante de séparation entre l’esprit et le corps, les sentiments et la pensée, l’engagement et la connaissance, ainsi que la science et la société, qui peut être vécue comme une violence et un appel à l’indifférence à autrui. J’y oppose une épistémologie du lien qui tente de préserver et de rendre visibles, dans un texte de sciences sociales, tous les liens humains qui rendent possible la création d’un savoir. L’article en lui-même est une expérience d’écriture au sein de cette épistémologie, nourrie par ma rencontre avec les épistémologies des Suds et mon aspiration à la justice cognitive.
Using bioinformatics for the identification of key peptides to engineer dopamine neurons. Towards a therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
Authors: Mitchell William D , Orme Rowan P , Hart Sarah R , Fricker Rosemary A
Published: January 2018

Parkinson’s disease is a widespread condition caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the midbrain. A number of proteins are known to be important to signalling mechanisms present in the midbrain during natural dopamine neuron development, and may be utilised to better produce dopamine neurons in vitro. Relative expression levels of proteins were obtained from substantia nigra tissue of rats from embryonic days E11 through E14 using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification. This project analysed the dataset obtained, with an emphasis on relative expression levels of proteins across the four-day period. Bioinformatics searching of online databases reduced the dataset from 3325 proteins to a shortlist of five worthy of further investigation. It is hoped that the proteins identified using these techniques will help to refine protocols for the production of dopamine neurons in vitro.
Prevalence of HCV Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Ryan Pablo , Valencia Jorge , Sepúlveda-Crespo Daniel , Amigot-Sánchez Rafael , Cuevas Guillermo , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Pérez-García Felipe , Martínez Isidoro , Resino Salvador
Published: October 2024

Importance

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) microelimination aims to detect and treat hidden infections, especially in at-risk groups, like people experiencing homelessness (PEH) with alcohol or drug use disorders. Point-of-care HCV RNA testing and peer support workers are crucial for identifying and preventing HCV infection among marginalized populations, contributing to overall elimination goals.

Objective

To assess risk factors, prevalence, and trends of active HCV infection among PEH in Madrid, Spain (2019-2023).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2023 in PEH, defined as people who lacked a fixed, regular, and adequate night residence, screened on the street or in homeless shelters via mobile unit using rapid HCV antibody testing, followed by HCV-RNA testing in Madrid, Spain. Data were analyzed from January to June 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Active HCV infection among PEH was the main outcome. Risk factors analyzed included being born outside of Spain, alcohol misuse, lacking financial income, benzodiazepine use, injection drug use (IDU; including nonactive IDU and active IDU within the last year), opioid substitution therapy participation, and sexual behavior patterns. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. P values were adjusted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate (q-values).

Results

A total of 4741 individuals were screened for HCV infection, of whom 2709 (mean [SD] age, 42.2 [12.7]; 1953 [72.2%] men) were PEH and included in analysis. A total of 363 PEH (13.4%) had test results positive for HCV antibodies, of whom 172 (47.4%) had test results positive for HCV-RNA, and 148 of these (91.9%) started HCV treatment. Overall, active HCV infection prevalence was 6.3%, and the main risk factors associated with active HCV infection included IDU, encompassing both nonactive IDU (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 10.9; 95% CI, 6.1-19.4; q < .001) and active IDU in the last year (aOR, 27.0; 95% CI, 15.2-48.0; q < .001); a lack of financial income (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9; q = .03); and alcohol misuse (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6; q = .008). There was a significant decrease between 2019 and 2023 in active HCV infection prevalence across the entire population, from 7.2% to 3.4% (P = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of PEH in Madrid, IDU, lack of income, and alcohol misuse were primary risk factors associated with HCV infection. The significant decline in HCV rates observed across all risk groups during the study period suggests preventive policies were effective in reducing HCV prevalence among the homeless population.
Psychosocial Well-Being at the Time of Trauma Exposure and Risk of PTSD
Authors: Vogt Dawne , Borowski Shelby , Kumar Shaina A. , Lee Lewina O. , Schnurr Paula P.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines whether 3 well-being domains—vocational, financial, and social—are associated with the risk of developing subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic event.
Hospitalization for COVID-19, Other Respiratory Infections, and Postacute Patient-Reported Symptoms
Authors: Gao Yaqing , Wang Yunhe , Chen Li , Xie Junqing , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines patient-reported, multisystem, postacute symptoms among individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 or other lower respiratory tract infections vs those without such hospitalizations during the same period.
Testosterone and Quality of Life in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults Seeking Masculinization
Authors: Nolan Brendan J. , Zwickl Sav , Locke Peter , Cheung Ada S.
Published: October 2024

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the quality of life outcomes of immediate testosterone commencement compared with a 3-month waiting period.
Substrate recognition by the 4‐hydroxytryptamine kinase PsiK in psilocybin biosynthesis
Authors: Rogge Kai , Wagner Tobias Johannes , Hoffmeister Dirk , Rupp Bernhard , Werten Sebastiaan
Published: October 2024

Psilocybin, the natural hallucinogen from Psilocybe (magic) mushrooms, is a highly promising drug candidate for the treatment of depression and several other mental health conditions. Biosynthesis of psilocybin from the amino acid l‐tryptophan involves four strictly sequential modifications. The third of these, ATP‐dependent phosphorylation of the intermediate 4‐hydroxytryptamine, is catalysed by PsiK. Here we present a crystallographic analysis and a structure‐based mutagenesis study of this kinase, providing insight into its mode of substrate recognition. The results of our work will support future bioengineering efforts aimed at generating variants of psilocybin with enhanced therapeutic properties.
Pt‐Mo₂N Catalyst Formed by Inverse Sintering for the Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Chu Xiang , Liu Li , Zhang Shibo , Liu Haoyang , Li Yuxiong , Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2024

The reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction is significant for the resource utilization of CO2. However, this reaction requires high temperatures and metal catalysts are prone to agglomeration, leading to loss of activity. In this work, a Pt catalyst supported on Mo₂N formed via phase transition and metal reverse sintering under a high‐temperature NH₃ atmosphere is developed. This catalyst exhibits excellent RWGS activity, achieving a CO production rate of 294.8 mmolgcat−1 h−1 at 623 K, with CO selectivity maintained at 93%. Moreover, under continuous testing conditions for 100 h, the catalyst's activity shows no significant decline. Notably, further investigation reveals that the surface reaction mechanism at 623 K differs from the previously reported associative mechanism, instead following a redox mechanism in the presence of H₂. This research not only provides a deeper theoretical understanding of the mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation but also offers valuable insights for developing novel and efficient metal catalyst regeneration technologies.
A Novel Sapphire@PiGF@Sapphire Color Converter with High Luminescence Saturation Threshold for Laser Lighting
Authors: Zhang Hongjin , Zhao Jiuzhou , Yu Zikang , Xu Zhirui , Lin Shisheng , Peng Yang , Dai Jiangnan , Chen Daqin
Published: October 2024

Next‐generation high‐brightness laser lighting confronts a key challenge in preparing static color‐converting materials with remarkable luminescence saturation. Herein, a novel architecture of transmissive Y3Al5O12: Ce3+ (YAG) phosphor‐in‐glass film (PiGF) with double‐sided sapphires, i.e., a sandwich structured sapphire@PiGF@sapphire (S@PiGF@S) composite, is designed and fabricated by a thermocompression sintering technology. This kind of material can tolerate high laser power density (LPD) for the efficient double‐sided thermal channels and the high‐energy laser spot away from the PiGF emitting layer. As a consequence, the optimized S@PiGF@S color converter yields white light with a high luminous flux (LF) of 7602 lm at a record luminescence saturation threshold of 46.47 W·mm−2 benefiting from its low working temperature of merely 284 °C, which is 6.3 times that of traditional PiGF@sapphire color converter (1205 lm@10.89 W·mm−2). These findings verify that the developed S@PiGF@S color converter enables preferably optical‐thermal performances for promising applications in high‐brightness laser lighting.
Facile Synthesis of CuxS Electrocatalysts for CO2 Conversion into Formate and Study of Relations Between Cu and S with the Selectivity
Authors: Stojkovikj Sasho , El‐Nagar Gumaa A. , Gupta Siddharth , Najdoski Metodija , Koleva Violeta , Tzanoudakis Theocharis , Firschke Frederik , Bogdanoff Peter , Mayer Matthew T.
Published: October 2024

The conversion of CO2 into formate (HCOO−), a techno‐economically feasible product, can be achieved using earth‐abundant CuxS electrocatalysts, but questions remain regarding how catalyst structure, composition, and reaction environment influence product selectivity. A novel synthesis method based on electrodeposition of Cu foam and its subsequent sulfidation via immersion in sulfur saturated toluene solution resulted in CuxS foams. Catalytic activity studies found that HCOO− selectivity is dependent on electrochemical activation at higher overpotentials. To understand the effects of activation, determine the active forms of the catalysts, and identify the role of sulfur, the electrodes are carefully characterized as well as gaseous and sulfur dissolved in electrolyte. This included study of the effects of intentional addition of solution sulfur species, identification of the sulfur loss, determination of the electrode composition and relating sulfur speciation to observed product selectivity. It is found that residual sulfur stabilizes Cu+ during electrolysis at potentials favoring HCOO− production, in contrast to pristine Cu that undergoes complete reduction and shows poor HCOO− selectivity. Sulfur in both the catalyst and dissolved in electrolyte are of dynamic nature, and surface residues of SO42− species are identified in all activated catalysts which correspond with enhanced HCOO− production.
SuFEx‐based Transparent Polysulfates and their Applications in Tunable Resistant Electrical Memory Materials
Authors: Zhou Feng , Liang Huizhen , Liu Tingchang , Liu Ting , Luo Wancheng , He Zhihao , Zhang Qijian
Published: October 2024

Visibly transparent electron devices are current research highlights, which are found at the “neotype” stage of technical development for the usage in the next generation “see‐through” electronic devices. However, less attention is paid to transparent semiconductor memory devices, and hence, achieving such “see‐through” electronic devices are still partially limited by lacking the easily achievable and cost‐effective transparent memory materials. Herein, three visible light transparent polysulfate‐based memory devices are reported, e.g. ITO/P‐BPS/Al, ITO/P‐TPA/Al, and ITO/P‐TPABPS/Al, that displayed DRAM, WORM, and FLASH effects, respectively. The mechanisms of the observed memory behavior of each memory material are proposed on the basis of computational simulation. Remarkably, these polysulfates‐based memory materials are obtained by simply using different main‐chain repeating units, suggesting a wide application potential of polysulfate as functionalized materials.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Performance of Sulfide Oxidation on Polyoxomolybdates with Synergistic Effects of CNT‐Doped Aerogel Foams
Authors: Dong Chuanheng , Liu Xiaona , Li Zhen , Guo Kaihui , Song Chunman , Zhang Yalin , Zhang Meiyu , Ma Fenfen , Rosei Federico , Zhang Xianxi , Huang Xianqiang
Published: October 2024

The meticulous design of highly efficient indirect electrocatalysts with value‐added conversion properties remains a substantial challenge within the realm of organic catalysis. While polyoxometalates (POMs) serve as crucial active centers in catalytic modeling systems for chemical materials, their exploration in electrocatalytic organic molecular transformations is hindered by kinetic barriers. Therefore, an efficient protocol is established for the synthesis of electrocatalysts utilizing polyoxomolybdates (CuMo6) immobilized on aerogel foams (CMC). The electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activities of the electrocatalyst (CuMo6/CNT@CMC) can be readily enhanced by adjusting the microenvironment between the CuMo6 and CMC using carbon nanotubes (CNT). Controlled experiments demonstrate that the CuMo6/CNT@CMC electrocatalyst for the oxidation of sulfide achieves an impressive Faradaic Efficiency (FE) exceeding 95% under ambient conditions, while the working potential is markedly lower than that of reported heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that the modulated electronic synergistic interaction between the Cu‐assisted Mo sites and CNT within foam favors the appropriate binding of PhCH3S+• intermediates, thereby promoting the selective oxidation of sulfides. This study paves the way for the utilization of polyoxometalate‐based materials with simple synthesis methods for various electrocatalytic applications.
Microgels With Electrostatically Controlled Molecular Affinity to Direct Morphogenesis
Authors: Kühn Sebastian , Magno Valentina , Zimmermann Ralf , Limasale Yanuar Dwi Putra , Atallah Passant , Stoppa Aukha , Männel Max J. , Thiele Julian , Friedrichs Jens , Freudenberg Uwe , Werner Carsten
Published: October 2024

Concentration gradients of soluble signaling molecules—morphogens—determine the cellular organization in tissue development. Morphogen‐releasing microgels have shown potential to recapitulate this principle in engineered tissue constructs, however, with limited control over the molecular cues in space and time. Inspired by the functionality of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) in morphogen signaling in vivo, a library of sGAG‐based microgels is developed and designated as µGel Units to Instruct Development (µGUIDEs). Adjustment of the microgel's sGAG sulfation patterns and concentration enabled the programming of electrostatic affinities that control the release of morphogens. Based on computational analyses of molecular transport processes, µGUIDEs provided unprecedented precision in the spatiotemporal modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gradients in a microgel‐in‐gel vasculogenesis model and kidney organoid cultures. The versatile approach offers new options for creating morphogen signaling centers to advance the understanding of tissue and organ development.
Effect of Chlorine Inclusion in Wide Band Gap FAPbBr3 Perovskites
Authors: Ory Daniel , Ammirati Giuseppe , Paci Barbara , Baranek Philippe , Generosi Amanda , Fournier Olivier , Turchini Stefano , Toschi Francesco , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Barichello Jessica , Matteocci Fabio , Carlo Aldo Di , Milotti Valeria , Sheverdyaeva Polina M. , Moras Paolo , Catone Daniele , Cacovich Stefania
Published: October 2024

Wide bandgap perovskites have recently gained attention owing to their physical properties, versatility, and potential in various optoelectronic devices including LEDs, detectors, and building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, BIPV materials must meet conflicting requirements, necessitating high performance, high transparency in the visible spectrum and color neutrality. This study investigates the controlled addition of chlorine in FAPb(Br1‐xClx)3 perovskites to achieve band gaps exceeding 2.4 eV. Increasing chlorine content from xCl = 0.00 to xCl = 0.25 widens the band gap from 2.37 to 2.52 eV, effectively improving the visible light transparency. Advanced characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction, synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence imaging, and fast transient absorption spectroscopy, complemented by density functional theory, reveal insights into absorption properties, electronic structure, and ultrafast recombination dynamics as a function of the thin film chemical composition. Furthermore, this study evaluates energetic disorder, carrier recombination rates, and non‐radiative losses for different compositions by extracting quantitative parameters such as Urbach energy and quasi‐Fermi level splitting, offering novel insights and guidelines for the design and optimization of emerging photovoltaic (PV) materials. Optimal PV performance metrics are achieved with a wide bandgap bromine perovskite containing 14% chlorine, striking a balance between morphology, transparency, and voltage losses.