bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children: A Case Series at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Rutatangwa Alice , Mittal Nikita , Francisco Carla , Nash Kendall , Waubant Emmanuelle
Published: May 2020

Autoimmune encephalitis is the third most common cause of encephalitis in children. We provide a detailed account of presenting symptoms, diagnosis, and response to treatment in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis patients evaluated at University of California San Francisco within a 2.5-year period. Eleven were identified: anti– N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (n = 4), antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis (n = 4), steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with thyroiditis (SREAT) (n = 2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)–associated encephalitis (n = 1). Most common presenting symptoms included seizures and behavior changes (54%). More than 90% of patients showed improvement following first-line immunotherapy (high-dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and/or plasma exchange). A total of 64% received second-line treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, or mycophenolate mofetil. One patient with NMDAR encephalitis died despite escalating immunotherapy. None of the patients showed complete recovery after median follow-up of 9 months (range 0.5-66). Children with autoimmune encephalitis have a diverse clinical presentation and may lack an identifiable autoantibody. Majority of patients show a good response to immunotherapy; however, recovery can be delayed.
Socioenvironmental Risk Factors for Adolescent Marijuana Use in a United States-Mexico Border Community
Authors: Valdez Elizabeth Salerno , Valdez Luis , Korchmaros Josephine , Garcia David O. , Stevens Sally , Sabo Samantha , Carvajal Scott
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

We examined how socioenvironmental risk factors unique to the United States-Mexico border, defined as border community and immigration stress, normalization of drug trafficking, and perceived disordered neighborhood stress, contribute to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents residing there.

Design:

Cross-sectional design.

Setting:

The study was conducted at a high school on the United States-Mexico border.

Subjects:

A sample of 445 primarily Hispanic students (ages 14-18).

Measure:

Perceived Disordered Neighborhood Stress Scale, Border Community and Immigration Stress Scale, and Normalization of Drug Trafficking Scale.

Analysis:

Logistic regression assessed the association between the socioenvironmental risk factors and past 30-day tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use.

Results:

Participants with higher border community and immigration stress scores were significantly more likely to have used tobacco (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.41, P < .01) and alcohol (aOR = 1.31, P < .01) in the past 30 days. Perceived disordered neighborhood stress also was associated with past 30-day alcohol use (aOR = 1.46, P < .00). The normalization of drug trafficking was associated with past 30-day marijuana use (aOR = 1.45, P < .05).

Conclusions:

Public health practitioners, educational institutions, and policy makers should consider the economic and normative environment of the United States-Mexico border for future substance use prevention and risk reduction efforts targeting border adolescents.
Bringing Beneficiaries More Centrally Into Nonprofit Management Education and Research
Authors: Benjamin Lehn M.
Published: May 2020

In the early 1970s, scholars studying a variety of service organizations realized that beneficiaries were not only external stakeholders who received services but they were also important organizational actors whose participation in the organization affected the organization’s structure, functioning, and outcomes. Tracing these early observations, and the related concepts of coproduction, value cocreation, and partial membership, this article considers why these ideas have not been more central to nonprofit education and research. After offering likely explanations, the article reports results from a systematic literature review in three nonprofit journals. The results show that despite the limited attention to these ideas, research findings reveal that beneficiaries are important organizational actors, whose participation in the nonprofit matters for the work of staff, leaders, and ultimately for social impact. The article concludes with suggestions for bringing beneficiaries more centrally into nonprofit management research and education.
Kratom and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Nascent Association
Authors: Mitra Souparno , Virani Sanya
Published: May 2020

Background: In the United States (USA), kratom has become popular for controlling withdrawal symptoms from opioid cessation. Case studies have alluded to the occurrence of features of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in infants born to mothers who regularly used kratom.

Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature was conducted using Pubmed and Google Scholar with a combination of keywords. A total of 8 unique abstracts were identified and reviewed.

Results: The reviewed papers suggest that infants exposed to kratom via the transplacental route exhibit symptoms such as breathing difficulties, irritability, jitteriness, muscle hypertonicity, and a high-pitched inconsolable cry, which are features of NAS. Though no treatment protocols exist for managing kratom withdrawal, the studies suggested symptomatic management of a hyper-adrenergic state. Some studies recommended using methadone, whereas others recommend the use of morphine, rooming-in, and close contact with the mother.
A novel smart assistive knee brace incorporated with shape memory alloy wire actuator
Authors: Moslemi Navid , Gohery Scott , Mozafari Farzin , Zardian Mohsen Gol , Burvill Colin , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Ayob Amran
Published: May 2020

The knee plays a significant role in locomotion and stability of the entire body through supporting the body weight and assisting the lower body kinematics during walking. However, the knee is at constant risk of becoming weakened due to disease, age, and accidents. One approach to treating weakened knee is wearing an assistive knee brace. To design a clinical knee brace, many factors such as weight and compliant mechanism should be considered. In this study, a novel smart assistive knee brace mechanism incorporated with wire actuators made of shape memory alloys is proposed to ameliorate the issues associated with weight and flexibility of existing brace designs. Unlike earlier studies, the proposed orthosis includes pressure sensor, shape memory actuator, and smart linkage. Furthermore, two distinct shape memory alloy actuator design concepts with improved stiffness are developed, and the best option is chosen systematically and prototyped. The novel mechanism proposed in this research overcomes the weight of the lower limb during swing phase using the combined shape memory alloy actuation and feed-forward controller design. As such, it can be used as a potential replacement to its conventional counterparts when the higher weight reduction as well as a flexible and controllable mechanism are simultaneously sought.
Strain-based health indicators for the structural health monitoring of stiffened composite panels
Authors: Milanoski Dimitrios P , Loutas Theodoros H
Published: May 2020

A common defect of composite-stiffened structures is the disbond at the interface between the two constituents (skin/stringer), as a result of inefficient manufacturing process or foreign object impacts in service. Generally, discontinuities within the volume of an elastic solid medium, subjected to mechanical load, cause anomalies on the strain field in the near vicinity of the discontinuity. Utilizing this observation, this work investigates the effect of artificially induced disbonds in the skin/stiffener interface of an aeronautical-grade generic element. A structural health monitoring methodology is developed, leveraging on numerically simulated strains along the stringer foot which aims to assess the health state of the panel as the size of the disbonds increases. The study is implemented using a parametric finite element model generating various disbond scenarios. Longitudinal strain values are acquired at the exact points where in reality actual fiber Bragg grating sensors will be located. Two types of commonly utilized strain-based health indicators are evaluated, and their drawbacks are revealed and discussed. A new health indicator is proposed that proves its capability to monitor growing disbonds while being both load- and baseline-independent.
For Uncle Charlie: A Conversation With Dr. Kristine Melloy
Authors: Teagarden Jim , Zabel Robert , Kaff Marilyn
Published: May 2020

Dr. Kristine (Kris) Melloy has enjoyed a varied career ranging from a teacher, special education director, principal, data coach, and professor. Her passion for those who have exceptional needs was formed early and has continued throughout her varied responsibilities. She has received honors and awards for her work and has provided leadership in numerous venues.
Capitalizing on Collapse: An Analysis of Institutional Single-Family Rental Investors
Authors: Colburn Gregg , Walter Rebecca J. , Pfeiffer Deirdre
Published: May 2020

A well-documented consequence of the recent foreclosure crisis was a pronounced dislocation in the single-family home market. Large institutional buyers emerged to capitalize on this dislocation. These firms acquired hundreds of thousands of single-family homes to create a pool of single-family rentals (SFRs) in markets across the United States. Existing analyses of institutional investors focus on their aggregate characteristics and associated community effects, showing faster housing recovery in places hard hit by foreclosure but also increases in evictions and home prices. Relatively little is known about individual firms’ strategies or how they have evolved over time—knowledge that is critical to understanding the diversity of these actors and establishing causal links to community impacts. We help fill this gap by using quantitative and qualitative data from the corporate filings of publicly traded SFR companies to understand the industry’s birth, growth and development, strategies and approaches, and points of differentiation.
Social Workers Assert Medicare Home Care Ignores Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Cabin William
Published: May 2020

There is significant literature on the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) to improve health care outcomes. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has expanded Medicare Advantage plans ability to cover SDOH-related services. Medicare home health does not cover SDOH-related services. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the lack of SDOH coverage in Medicare home health. This article summarizes an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 29 home care social workers between January 2013 and May 2014 in the New York City metropolitan area. Results indicate social workers believe the lack of SDOH coverage, including social work, in Medicare home health results in exacerbation of existing patient conditions; creation of new, additional patient conditions; increased home care readmissions and rehospitalizations; increased caregiver burden; and exacerbation of patients’ mental health and substance abuse needs. Policymakers are urged to consider adding coverage of social work and SDOH to Medicare home health.
Pfeifer-Weber-Christian Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature on Visceral Involvements and Treatment Choices
Authors: Rotondo Cinzia , Corrado Addolorata , Mansueto Natalia , Cici Daniela , Corsi Fabrizio , Pennella Antonio , Paolo Cantatore Francesco
Published: May 2020

Pfeifer-Weber-Christian disease (PWCD) is a rare idiopathic disease characterized by lobular panniculitis of adipose tissue with systemic symptoms and multiple organ involvement. Even though the systemic involvement is rare, it is life-threatening and represent a treatment challenge for the clinicians. We report a case of PWCD characterized by hepatic, hematologic, and renal involvement, with good response to mofetil mycophenolate and prednisone treatment. A 47-year-old female presented several months’ history of painful subcutaneous nodules, fever and lymphadenopathy with recent appearing of microcytic hypochromic anemia, leucopenia with neutropenia, and increase in transaminase. Skin biopsy showed lobular panniculitis with lymph-histiocytic and neutrophilic infiltrates with necrosis of adipocytes. A combination therapy of corticosteroid with mofetil mycophenolate was effective. Moreover, we discuss the clinical manifestation and the therapeutic choices in PWCD, from classical immunosuppressive drugs to new biotechnological agents, and we provide a comprehensive review of the available literature.
A Case Report of a Lingual Cyst Lined by Respiratory Epithelium in a Child
Authors: Ardila Carlos-Martín , Álvarez-Martínez Efraín
Published: May 2020

The lingual cyst lined by respiratory epithelium is a rare pathology. It probably appears from the default of undifferentiated cells of the foregut during embryonic growth. This pathology is seen more often in males and children; however, only 5 patients younger than 4 years old have been reported. The pathophysiology and the management of this cyst were described in a 4-year-old girl. She presented with a soft mass on the dorsum of the tongue covered by normal mucosa, which existed since her birth, causing difficulty in eating, breathing, and talking. The magnetic resonance described a hyperintense image with an anteroposterior diameter of 27 mm, craniocaudal of 19 mm, and transversal of 26 mm in the midline groove of the tongue; the scintigraphy showed normality. The enucleation of the lesion was performed, eradicating the capsule of the cyst and obtaining a complete cleavage. The histopathologic examination defined a cyst lined predominantly by respiratory epithelium. Unlike in other cases, in this case their cystic lining and capsular constituents were contemplated considering the current histological recommendations. It is relevant to differentiate this pathology from other cysts with similar histological findings.
Frailty in ageing persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ayrignac Xavier , Larochelle Catherine , Keezer Mark , Roger Elaine , Poirier Josée , Lahav Boaz , Girard Marc , Prat Alexandre , Duquette Pierre
Published: May 2020

Background:

Recent progress in multiple sclerosis (MS) management has contributed to a greater life expectancy in persons with MS. Ageing with MS comes with unique challenges and bears the potential to greatly affect quality of life and socioeconomic burden.

Objectives:

To compare frailty in ageing persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and controls; to correlate frailty with MS clinical characteristics.

Methods:

PwMS and controls over 50 years old were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Two validated frailty measures were assessed: the frailty index and the Fried’s phenotype. Several multiple linear regressions accounting for demographic and clinical characteristics were performed.

Results:

Eighty pwMS (57 females, mean age 58.5 ± 6 years old) and 37 controls (24 females, mean age 61 ± 6.5 years old) were recruited. Multivariable analysis identified significantly higher frailty index in pwMS (0.21 ± 0.12 vs 0.11 ± 0.08, p < 0.0001). Similarly, according to Fried’s phenotype, a significantly higher percentage of pwMS were frail compared to controls (28% vs 8%). In pwMS, frailty index was independently associated with expanded disability status scale (EDSS), comorbidities, education level and disease duration.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that frailty can be routinely assessed in pwMS. Increased frailty in MS patients suggests that, along with MS therapeutics, a tailored multidisciplinary approach of ageing pwMS is needed.
A scoping review critically examining research connecting social and emotional learning with three model-based practices in physical education: Have we been doing this all along?
Authors: Dyson Ben , Howley Donal , Wright Paul M.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this scoping review is to critically examine previous research that connects three selected model-based practices (MBPs) to social and emotional learning (SEL) outcomes in K-12 physical education (PE) settings to inform a future research agenda for the field. A methodological framework involving the processes of inductive analysis and constant comparison was followed. Sixty-three studies (teaching personal and social responsibility = 26; cooperative learning = 24; and outdoor and/or adventure education = 13) across 14 countries adopting qualitative (26), quantitative (23), and mixed methods (14) in elementary (17), middle (27), and high school (19) settings presented evidence connecting these three MBPs explicitly, but more often implicitly, with SEL outcomes. While it is possible to say SEL skills and outcomes were observed, it would be more appropriate to suggest that there is evidence of only some key skills and elements of SEL outcomes occurring. Similar to general education, we do not know as much about if and how these three MBPs deliver such outcomes comprehensively. The educational and political rhetoric surrounding SEL is not matched by a body of empirical research that dedicates itself solely to investigating SEL in PE using a contemporary theory, framework, and assessment. Aligning future research involving these three MBPs and other pedagogical approaches with a suitable framework and theory involving teachers and students can advance future research on SEL in PE and is necessary in order to develop a common language and understanding within the field.
Coordination of classic and specific family benefits – challenges and proposed solutions
Authors: Holm Emma
Published: May 2020

Family benefits in Regulation 883/2004 comprise a broad palette of benefits intended to meet family expenses. The coordination rules on family benefits are based on the idea that it is irrelevant who the recipient of the benefit is, assuming that the benefit is not related to individual rights. Rather, the family/child is the focus. The children of migrant Union citizens are to receive the highest possible benefits from the Member States involved. This is achieved through the principle of exportability from the competent Member State to family members residing in another Member State, as well as through a complex system of overlapping rules for determining primary and secondary responsibility. The CJEU has interpreted the notion of a family benefit in a broad way, which includes income-based benefits paid during child-rearing periods. Over the years, it has been acknowledged that this creates coordination problems. To this end, specific coordination rules have been proposed regarding family benefits that are intended to replace income during periods of child-raising. These rules clarify that such benefits, although they are family benefits, are individual rights and are to be coordinated in a specific way. This article describes and analyses the challenges related to coordinating family benefits, with a particular focus on benefits related to child-rearing, in the light of the proposed amendments.
Rural-urban mortality inequalities in four Nordic welfare states
Authors: Bremberg Sven
Published: May 2020

In the Nordic countries, there are ambitious welfare policies that might reduce rural-urban health disparities. Aim: To investigate the effect of population density on health in four Nordic countries. Methods: The health outcomes analysed were life expectancy and potential years of life lost. The effect of population density was appraised as the difference in life expectancy/ potential years of life lost by a 10-fold increase of population density. Results: In Finland, Norway and Sweden, mortality rates were consistently higher in less densely populated municipalities. These disparities increased over time. Conclusions: The welfare efforts to offset rural-urban disparities have mostly not been sufficient.
Engendering media work: Institutionalizing the norms of entrepreneurial subjectivity
Authors: Pajnik Mojca , Hrženjak Majda
Published: May 2020

The article analyses how contemporary processes of media production involving temporary work contracts for journalists, long working hours, the demand for unconditional commitment to work and so on push women into unequal position compared to male employees. Attention is paid to ‘engendered’ work in ‘greedy’ media organizations characterized by precarization of work and the related devaluation of journalism as a profession. Rather than detecting the extent of power and position of women in the media, we adopt the materialist analysis of mechanisms that mask gender inequality and contribute to ‘capitalizing’ on gender for the imperative of media productivity. The study was conducted in Slovenia, in Eastern European, post-socialist context, and comprised 33 individual interviews with media managers and workers at three television stations (public TV SLO, and commercial POP TV and Planet TV). In the analysis, we focus on how journalists, by internalizing the disciplining norms of ‘entrepreneurial subjectivity’, become the motivating force behind precarization of work. Although these processes are often perceived as gender neutral even among female journalists, we argue that they are masculinized and have different effects on men and women, among other things due to the individualization of women’s reproductive roles.
Methane–propane hydrate formation and memory effect study with a reaction kinetics model
Authors: Ke Wei , Chen Guang-Jin , Chen Daoyi
Published: May 2020

Although natural gas hydrates and hydrate exploration have been extensively studied for decades, the reaction kinetics and nucleation mechanism of hydrate formation is not fully understood. In its early stage, gas hydrate formation can be assumed to be an autocatalytic kinetic reaction with nucleation and initial growth. In this work, a reaction kinetics model has been established to form structure II methane–propane hydrate in an isochoric reactor. The computational model consists of six pseudo-elementary reactions for three dynamic processes: (1) gas dissolution into the bulk liquid, (2) a slow buildup of hydrate precursors for nucleation onset, and (3) rapid and autocatalytic hydrate growth after onset. The model was programmed using FORTRAN, with initiating parameters and rate constants that were derived or obtained from data fitted using experimental results. The simulations indicate that the length of nucleation induction is determined largely by an accumulation of oligomeric hydrate precursors up to a threshold value. The slow accumulation of precursors is the rate-limiting step for the overall hydrate formation, and its conversion into hydrate particles is critical for the rapid, autocatalytic reaction. By applying this model, the memory effect for hydrate nucleation was studied by assigning varied initial amounts of precursor or hydrate species in the simulations. The presence of pre-existing precursors or hydrate particles could facilitate the nucleation stage with a reduced induction time, and without affecting hydrate growth. The computational model with the performed simulations provides insight into the reaction kinetics and nucleation mechanism of hydrate formation.
Ruins of the smart city: a visual intervention
Authors: Fraser Emma , Wilmott Clancy
Published: May 2020

The visual imaginary of the future city is increasingly dichotomized between visions of hyper-technological digital urbanism and the city in a state of ruin, without people, overtaken by nature. These alternating imaginaries key into concerns over urban futures, as questions of sustainability and rising inequality come to bear on urban life. Such binary imaginaries produce volumes of visual material, lauding and critiquing philosophies of newness, endless progress and the city without decline. This article uses an inventive visual methodology to ask how these imaginaries become situated in the everyday ecologies of living. This methodology focuses on several so-called ‘brownfield’ sites in Salford, UK, and the ‘smart’ Oxford Road Corridor in neighbouring Manchester, to playfully and visually map the entanglement of digital urban ecologies through the themes of wilderness, play and compost. These three themes relate to the pleasure of urban wilderness described by Rose Macaulay, reflecting on London’s wild ruins after the Second World War; the playful contrast between smart urbanism and urban wastelands, understood through interdisciplinary visual methods; and Haraway’s notion of compost as the fertile ground of collaboration that marks a material–semiotic entanglement between place, people and nature. The authors investigate how these frameworks reflect the diversity of urban ecology (animals, plants and humans) and might provide an alternative vision of how the city could be, a vision built from how the city currently is.
Lamb wave mode decomposition and reconstruction based on the viscoelastic propagation model
Authors: Cao Xuwei , Zeng Liang , Lin Jing
Published: May 2020

The accurate information of Lamb wave packets, such as amplitude, time of flight, and waveform, are essential for damage detection and evaluation. Due to the dispersive, multimodal, and attenuative characteristics of Lamb waves propagating in viscoelastic media, the desired mode component is difficult to be extracted from response signals. To address this issue, a technique based on the viscoelastic propagation model of Lamb waves is proposed in this article. Different from the conventional frequency–wavenumber domain filtering, the proposed technique achieves mode extraction by estimating the parameters of the viscoelastic propagation model, that is, complex amplitude am( r, ω) and effective complex wavenumber ξm( ω). Benefiting from that, it enables to decompose and reconstruct the desired mode from spatial–temporal measurement data. First, the frequency-dependent effective complex wavenumbers are extracted using the matrix pencil method, where the real parts represent the dispersion and the imaginary parts represent the effective attenuation. After that, the complex amplitudes are obtained by solving linear least-square equations. Finally, the complex amplitude, effective complex wavenumber, and frequency range of the desired mode are picked out to reconstruct the mode component in the time domain. The finite element simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of our technique. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed technique in noisy circumstances is analyzed through synthetic signals, which shows a small reconstruction error and a good convergence.
Attribute-based structural damage identification by few-shot meta learning with inter-class knowledge transfer
Authors: Xu Yang , Bao Yuequan , Zhang Yufeng , Li Hui
Published: May 2020

Image archives of multi-class structural damages can be collected by manual inspection and then used for structural damage identification. On one hand, conventional image-processing-based approaches rely on optimal designs of hand-crafted feature detectors and lack universal adaptability for various application cases; on the other hand, regular supervised learning techniques require complete damage types and sufficient training examples to establish a robust damage recognition model, which brings up a time-labor-consuming image collection process. To solve these problems, this study proposes a nested attribute-based few-shot meta learning paradigm for structural damage identification. First, an external few-shot meta learning module is established based on different classification tasks named as meta-batches to produce robust classifiers for new damage types, in which support and query subsets including partial damage types and a few examples are randomly sampled from the original image dataset. Second, an embedded internal attribute-based transfer learning model is trained by minimizing the l2-norm and angular losses of attribute representation vectors in an end-to-end manner, where damage attributes act as the common inter-class knowledge and are transferred from the source damage space of support set to the target damage space of query set. Finally, the proposed approach is validated on a real-world structural damage image dataset, which contains 1000 examples of 10 representative damage types in total. Results show the proposed approach produces an overall accuracy of 93.5% and an average area under the ROC curve of 0.96 for 10 damage types. The general equilibrium of average precision and recall indicates that the trained model is balanced to both positive and negative examples for each damage type. Compared with a regular supervised learning model by directly classifying input images with one-hot vector labels, the proposed approach generates higher accuracy and better robustness. Parameter study suggests the proposed paradigm enables to train a stable and reliable meta learning classification model that can perform well across a series of settings about the ratio between support and query subsets. Theoretical analysis is also performed to explain why meta learning surpasses regular supervised learning.
Poll Worker Decision Making at the American Ballot Box
Authors: Suttmann-Lea Mara
Published: May 2020

Street-level bureaucrats set the terms for policy implementation and often operate under limited oversight. In American elections, poll workers are the street-level bureaucrats tasked with implementing a jurisdiction’s laws for verifying voter eligibility. Using in-depth interviews with 24 poll workers from the city of Chicago, this article assesses how poll workers make decisions about voter eligibility under Illinois’ signature-matching law. Respondents discussed a range of considerations used when they examine voter eligibility. The evidence I present suggests they rely on personal perspectives and experiences in their evaluations. Respondents also offered a range of responses for how they would proceed in the instance of a mismatching signature—including requesting voters provide identification even though it is not a requirement in Illinois unless a voter is challenged. Broadly, these results illustrate how poll workers’ subjective interpretations of election law shape their decisions and can lead to idiosyncratic applications of election law.
Greater Well-Being in More Physically Active Cancer Patients Who Are Enrolled in Supportive Care Services
Authors: Tristão Parra Maíra , Esmeaeli Naghmeh , Kohn Jordan , Henry Brook L. , Klagholz Stephen , Jain Shamini , Pruitt Christopher , Vicario Daniel , Jonas Wayne , Mills Paul J.
Published: May 2020

Background: Cancers are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cancer patients are increasingly seeking integrative care clinics to promote their health and well-being during and after treatment. Aim: To examine relationships between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in a sample of cancer patients enrolling in integrative care in a supportive care clinic. Also, to explore circulating inflammatory biomarkers and heart rate variability (HRV) in relationship to PA and QoL. Methods: A cross-sectional design of adult patients who sought care in the InspireHealth clinic, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Patients with complete PA data (n = 118) answered psychosocial questionnaires, provided blood samples, and received HRV recordings before enrollment. Patients were stratified into “less” versus “more” active groups according to PA guidelines (150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination). Results: Breast (33.1%) and prostate (10.2%) cancers were the most prevalent primary diagnoses. Patients engaging in more PA reported better physical ( U = 1265.5, P = .013), functional ( U = 1306.5, P = .024), and general QoL ( U = 1341, P = .039), less fatigue ( U = 1268, P = .014), fewer physical cancer-related symptoms ( U = 2.338, P = .021), and less general distress ( U = 2.061, P = .021). Between PA groups, type of primary cancer diagnosis differed (χ2 = 41.79, P = .014), while stages of cancer did not (χ2 = 3.95, P = .412). Fewer patients reported depressed mood within the more active group (χ2 = 6.131, P = .047). More active patients were also less likely to have ever used tobacco (χ2 = 7.41, P = .025) and used fewer nutritional supplements (χ2 = 39.74, P ≤ .001). An inflammatory biomarker index was negatively correlated with vigorous PA ( rs = −0.215, P = .022). Multivariable linear regression ( R2 = 0.71) revealed that age (β = 0.22; P = .001), fatigue (β = −0.43; P ≤ .001), anxiety (β = −0.14; P = .048), and social support (β = 0.38; P = .001) were significant correlates of QoL.
Intimacy on the Mats and in the Surf
Authors: Green Kyle , Evers Clifton
Published: May 2020

Based on studies of mixed martial arts and surfing, Green and Evers argue that the appeal of these physical activities lies in the intimate and sensual relationships that take place during participation and “downtime.” Here, several men participating in each sport experience shared vulnerability and emotion.
Aspen and the American dream
Authors: Stuber Jenny
Published: May 2020

Tensions and contradictions run through the upscale resort town of Aspen, Colorado. The fundamental disconnect between local incomes and the price of real estate could be called “the impossible math of Aspen, Colorado.” The answer to this equation is in the careful orchestration of diverse class interests through local politics, all to maintain Aspen’s value and authentic small-town character.
Plantation Tours
Authors: Skipper Jodi , Thomas James M.
Published: May 2020

A tale of two plantation museums: The Whitney exclusively focuses on the lives of enslaved people, while McLeod is designed to be inclusive of the lives of enslaved and free people, both black and white.
Trends in Support for Stay-at-Home Mothering
Authors: Budge Jason , Charles Maria
Published: May 2020

This trend piece is an exploration of the evolution of attitudes on the division of domestic labor since the turn of the twenty-first century.
Sensationalizing and Misusing the Prescription Drug Crisis
Authors: Kahle Lindsay
Published: May 2020

Lindsay Kahle on The Prescription Drug Problem: A New American Crisis?
Good Intentions: Women’s Narratives of Post-Release Anticipatory Desistance in the Context of Historical and Contemporary Disadvantage and Trauma
Authors: Hale Rachel
Published: May 2020

Desistance theorizing has concentrated on the male experience resulting in relatively less knowledge about how criminalized women negotiate nonoffending, particularly from a qualitative perspective. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with eight formerly incarcerated women in Victoria, Australia, this research explores the anticipation of desistance in the context of experiences preceding and following incarceration. The findings highlight how individual-level intentions to cease offending can be eclipsed by historical and ongoing disadvantage and trauma. In emphasizing the gendered socio-structural barriers affecting women’s desistance efforts, this article contributes to a small, yet important, emerging discourse—a form of critical feminist desistance.
Design and synthesis of C-ring quinoxaline-substituted sinomenine 1,2,3-triazole derivatives via click reactions
Authors: Lu Tong , Dong Ling , Pan Hongmei , Wu Xuedan , Chen Xia , Gu Chengwen , Tao Naili , Wang Ao , Zhang Kehua , Jin Jie
Published: May 2020

The synthesis of C-ring quinoxaline-substituted sinomenine 1,2,3-triazole derivatives at the 4-OH via click reactions is accomplished, and a total of 16 novel sinomenine double N-heterocyclic derivatives are obtained in 74%–95% yields. The C-ring is first transformed into a 1,2-diketone structure under the action of hydrochloric acid, and then reacted with o-phenylenediamine to obtain a C-ring quinoxaline-substituted structure. The 4-OH of sinomenine reacts with chloropropyne to give an alkynyl sinomenine, and then reacts with sodium azide and various benzyl chlorides to give the target compounds. All the synthesized derivatives are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, high resolution mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Remembering experience: Public memorials are not just about the dead anymore
Authors: Atkinson-Phillips Alison
Published: May 2020

This article considers a shift in public memorialization towards the remembrance of experience, rather than death. Drawing on research into Australian public memorials to lived experiences of loss and trauma from 1985 to 2015, I compare the trends identified in that research with similar memorial projects internationally. I have found that the emergence of memorials to lived experience is an expression, and an expansion, of the kinds of knowledge that can be remembered publicly, and is influenced by discourses of trauma, human rights and transitional justice.
‘We have long memories in this area’: Ulster Defence Regiment place-memory along the Irish border
Authors: Robinson Joseph S
Published: May 2020

A large body of literature assumes post-conflict societies can and should mediate public memory towards frames conducive to a reconciled future. However, this article argues that such a drive marginalises survivors of political violence who narrate the past as still-present wounds. The linear temporality of transitional justice presumes an idealised trajectory through time, away from violence and towards reconciliation. However, this idealised temporality renders anachronistic survivors who depend on the prolongation of traumatic pasts for the possibility of political change. Using the case of former Ulster Defence Regiment in Northern Ireland, this article examines this prolongation through the lens of Ulster Defence Regiment survivors’ resistant place-memory along the Southwest run of the Irish border. Through the performative retemporalisation of everyday places and landscapes, survivors demand that their resistant memories and narrative frames of past violence still belong and still have active political resonance in transitional political space.
Association between elevation of plasma biomarkers and monocyte dysfunction and their combination in predicting sepsis: An observational single-centre cohort study
Authors: Li Jiabao , Tang Ziren , Xie Miaorong , Hang Chenchen , Yu Yanan , Li Chunsheng
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the two biomarkers presepsin and procalcitonin (PCT) and monocyte immune function, and to explore their combination in mortality prediction in the early stage of sepsis. A total of 198 patients with bacterial infection and diagnosed with sepsis and 40 healthy control subjects were included. Blood samples were collected on admission within 24 h. Plasma concentrations of presepsin and PCT were measured. Expression of monocyte surface CD14, programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) and human leucocyte Ag (HLA)-DR were determined using flow cytometry. Levels of plasma presepsin and PCT were significantly higher under septic conditions, and increased with the progression of sepsis. Monocyte CD14 and HLA-DR expression were decreased, while PD-L1 was overexpressed in sepsis compared to control. Presepsin and PCT concentrations were positively correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation System II score and PD-L1, while they were negatively correlated with CD14 and HLA-DR. Presepsin plus monocyte HLA-DR mean fluorescence intensity had the highest prognostic value over other parameters alone or in combination. Presepsin and PCT had a weak correlation with monocyte dysfunction during early sepsis. The combination of presepsin and monocyte HLA-DR could help improve prognostic value.
The role of erenumab in the treatment of migraine
Authors: Andreou Anna P. , Fuccaro Matteo , Lambru Giorgio
Published: May 2020

Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been the first class of specifically developed preventive treatments for migraine. Clinical trials data suggest superiority of the CGRP mAbs to placebo in terms of prevention of migraine symptoms, migraine-specific quality of life and headache related disability. Treatment-related side effects overall did not differ significantly from placebo and discontinuation rate due to side effects has been low across the clinical trials, perhaps in view of their peripheral mode of action. Along with their route and frequency of administration, these novel class of drugs may constitute an improvement compared with the established arsenal of migraine treatments. Erenumab is a fully human antibody and the only mAb acting on the CGRP pathway by blocking its receptor. It is the first of the CGRP mAb class approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (May 2018) and the European Medicines Agency (July 2018). Erenumab exists in two different doses (70 mg and 140 mg) and it is administered with monthly subcutaneous injections. This review summarises erenumab pharmacological characteristics, clinical trials data, focusing on the potential role of this treatment in clinical practice.
Expert recommendations on the management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who progress after CHAARTED or LATITUDE
Authors: Puente Javier , Anido Urbano , Climent Miguel Ángel , Gonzalez-Billalabeitia Enrique , Lainez Nuria , Lambea Julio , Maroto José Pablo , Mendez-Vidal Maria Jose , Montesa Álvaro , Rodriguez Angel , Zambrana Curro , González-del-Alba Aránzazu
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Our aim was to provide practical recommendations on the management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have progressed after docetaxel plus androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) or abiraterone plus ADT.

Methods:

Systematic literature review (SLR), nominal group meeting, and Delphi process. A panel of 12 experts was established who defined the scope, users, and sections of the document. We performed an SLR in order to assess the efficacy and safety of available drugs in patients with mCRPC. Abstracts from the American Society of Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology meetings were also examined. The results were discussed during an expert meeting in which 14 recommendations were generated. The level of agreement with the recommendations was also tested by 13 additional experts following the Delphi process. Recommendations were voted by means of scores ranging from 0 (total disagreement) to 10 (total agreement). We defined agreement when at least 70% of the experts voted ⩾7. Next, we assigned a level of evidence and grade to the recommendation using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence, following which the final document was drafted.

Results:

The literature search did not find any articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Finally, 13 out of 14 recommendations were accepted after two Delphi rounds (two were modified after the first round). They pertain to general and individual case-based treatment recommendations.

Conclusions:

In mCRPC patients who have progressed after docetaxel or abiraterone plus ADT in the metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer setting, these recommendations may support treatment decision-making, due to the lack of evidence or other globally accepted sequencing algorithms.
Anionic Contrast–Enhanced MicroCT Imaging Correlates with Biochemical and Histological Evaluations of Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage
Authors: Flynn Candace , Hurtig Mark , Linden Alex zur
Published: May 2020

This study addressed difficulties in evaluating osteoarthritis (OA) progression in species with thin cartilage. Feasibility of using short, nonequilibrium contrast-enhanced micro–computed tomography (CE-μCT) to evaluate the physical and biochemical properties of cartilage was investigated. A preliminary in vitro study using CE-μCT study was performed using bovine osteochondral blocks with intact, mildly damaged (fibrillated), or severely damaged (delaminated) cartilage. Delamination of the superficial zone resulted in elevated apparent density compared with intact cartilage after 10 minutes of anionic contrast exposure ( P < 0.01). OA was induced by unilateral meniscal destabilization in n = 20 sheep divided into: early phase OA ( n = 9) and late phase OA ( n = 11), while n = 4 remained as naive controls. In vivo anionic nonequilibrium contrast CT of the operated stifle was conducted in the early phase sheep 13 weeks postoperatively using clinical resolution CT. Cartilage visibility in the contrasted leg was significantly improved compared with the noncontrasted contralateral stifle ( P < 0.05). Animals were sacrificed at 3 months (early phase) or 12 months (late phase) for additional ex vivo CE-μCT, and correlative tests with biochemical and histological measures. Concentration of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) significantly varied between control, early, and late phase OA ( P < 0.005) and showed a negative ( r = −0.56) relationship with apparent density in the medial tibial plateau ( R2 = 0.28, P < 0.001). Histologically, parameters in proteoglycan and cartilage surface structure correlated with increasing attenuation. While previous studies have shown that CE-CT increases the apparent density of proteoglycan-depleted cartilage, we concluded that superficial zone disruption also contributes to this phenomenon.
Balancing social and economic fundamental rights in the EU legal order
Authors: Garben Sacha
Published: May 2020

The EU legal order recognises at its highest level both fundamental social rights/freedoms and economic rights/freedoms. As is well-known, it is in the cases where these have had to be balanced against one another, that profound legal and political difficulties have appeared over the years, feeding into a more general concern about an asymmetry between social and economic values and outcomes in the European integration process. While we need to be careful not to overstate the extent of conflict, it deserves to be reiterated that there remain a number of important ‘social sore spots’ that despite sustained academic and political critique, and despite some adjustments in the Court’s approach, continue to emerge and challenge the EU’s social legitimacy. The EU’s approach towards the right to strike and bargain collectively in relation to the internal market provisions on the free provision of services and establishment, which has not only met with criticism internally but has also been considered at odds with international social rights, remains problematic in spite of the CJEU’s more recent ‘conciliatory’ case law. Moreover, relatively recent (r)evolutions in the case law as regards the freedom to conduct a business have raised important new tensions. In accordance with its brief, this article maps these frictions and, more importantly, considers how the adjudication of these rights could be conducted differently. In this regard, it argues that the most appropriate alternative approach is one not directed at procuring more ‘social’ outcomes as such, but instead one that provides a more constitutionally and democratically legitimate framework of adjudication of fundamental rights generally, and social and economic rights specifically. Indeed, while this paper therefore shares the fundamental ambition of some other thought-provoking approaches proposed recently to provide the European judiciary with an alternative framework for the balancing of social and economic rights, the proposal of this paper is different in the importance it attaches to democracy. Democracy shall be the guiding concern in the proposed framework, not only by ensuring that the extent to which these rights are enforced against the national and European legislative process remains limited to what is necessary, but also in providing the dominant telos that should inform the substantive interpretation of these rights.