bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of 34 Low-mass Comoving Systems Using NOIRLab Source Catalog DR2
Authors: Kiwy Frank , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Meisner Aaron , Schneider Adam C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Kuchner Marc J. , Burgasser Adam J. , Casewell Sarah , Kiman Rocio , Calamari Emily , Aganze Christian , Hsu Chih-Chun , Sainio Arttu , Thakur Vinod ,   The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration
Published: June 2022

We present the discovery of 34 comoving systems containing an ultracool dwarf found by means of the NOIRLab Source Catalog (NSC) DR2. NSC’s angular resolution of ∼ 1″ allows for the detection of small separation binaries with significant proper motions. We used the catalog’s accurate proper motion measurements to identify the companions by cross-matching a previously compiled list of brown dwarf candidates with NSC DR2. The comoving pairs consist of either a very low-mass star and an ultracool companion, or a white dwarf and an ultracool companion. The estimated spectral types of the primaries are in the K and M dwarf regimes, those of the secondaries in the M, L, and T dwarf regimes. We calculated angular separations between ∼2″ and ∼ 56″, parallactic distances between ∼43 and ∼261 pc, and projected physical separations between ∼169 and ∼8487 au. The lowest measured total proper motion is 97 mas yr−1, with the highest 314 mas yr−1. Tangential velocities range from ∼23 to ∼187 km s−1. We also determined comoving probabilities, estimated mass ratios, and calculated binding energies for each system. We found no indication of possible binarity for any component of the 34 systems in the published literature. The discovered systems can contribute to the further study of the formation and evolution of low-mass systems as well as to the characterization of cool substellar objects.
WO-type Wolf–Rayet Stars: The Last Hurrah of Massive Star Evolution*
Authors: Aadland Erin , Massey Philip , John Hillier D. , Morrell Nidia I. , Neugent Kathryn F. , Eldridge J. J.
Published: June 2022

Are WO-type Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars in the final stage of massive star evolution before core-collapse? Although WC- and WO-type WRs have very similar spectra, WOs show a much stronger O vi
λλ3811,34 emission-line feature. This has usually been interpreted to mean that WOs are more oxygen rich than WCs, and thus further evolved. However, previous studies have failed to model this line, leaving the relative abundances uncertain, and the relationship between the two types unresolved. To answer this fundamental question, we modeled six WCs and two WOs in the LMC using UV, optical, and NIR spectra with the radiative transfer code cmfgen in order to determine their physical properties. We find that WOs are not richer in oxygen; rather, the O vi feature is insensitive to the abundance. However, the WOs have a significantly higher carbon and lower helium content than the WCs, and hence are further evolved. A comparison of our results with single-star Geneva and binary BPASS evolutionary models show that, while many properties match, there is more carbon and less oxygen in the WOs than either set of evolutionary model predicts. This discrepancy may be due to the large uncertainty in the 12C+4He → 16O nuclear reaction rate; we show that if the Kunz et al. rate is decreased by a factor of 25%–50%, then there would be a good match with the observations. It would also help explain the LIGO/VIRGO detection of black holes whose masses are in the theoretical upper mass gap.
Time-dependent Numerical Model for Studying the Very-high-energy Emissions of Distant Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 201216C
Authors: Huang Yan
Published: June 2022

Recently, the MAGIC Collaboration reported a ∼5σ statistical significance of the very-high-energy (VHE) emission from a distant gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 201216C. Such distant GRB may be effectively absorbed by the extragalactic background light (EBL). The origin of the VHE emission from such distant objects is still unknown. Here, we propose a numerical model for studying the afterglow emission of this distant GRB. The model solves the continuity equation governing the temporal evolution of electron distribution, and the broadband observed data can be explained by the synchrotron plus synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) radiation of the forward shock. The predicted observed 0.1 TeV flux can reach ∼10−9−10−10 erg cm−2 s−1 at t ∼ 103−104 s, even with strong EBL absorption, such strong sub-teraelectronvolt (sub-TeV) emissions still can be observed by the MAGIC telescope. Using this numerical model, the shock parameters in the modeling are similar to two other sub-TeV GRBs (i.e., GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B), implying that the sub-TeV GRBs have some commonalities: they have energetic burst energy, low circumburst medium density, and a low magnetic equipartition factor. We regard GRB 201216C as a typical GRB, and estimate the maximum redshift of GRB that can be detected by the MAGIC telescope, i.e., z ∼ 1.6. We also find that the VHE photon energy of such distant GRB can only reach ∼0.1 TeV. Improving the low energy sensitivity of the VHE telescope is very important to detect the sub-TeV emissions of these distant GRBs.
Binary Evolution, Gravitational-wave Mergers, and Explosive Transients in Multiple-population Gas-enriched Globular Clusters
Authors: Rozner Mor , Perets Hagai B.
Published: June 2022

Most globular clusters (GCs) show evidence for multiple stellar populations, suggesting the occurrence of several distinct star formation episodes. The large fraction of second population (2P) stars observed requires a very large 2P gaseous mass to have accumulated in the cluster core to form these stars. Hence, the first population of stars (1P) in the cluster core has had to become embedded in 2P gas, just prior to the formation of later populations. Here we explore the evolution of binaries in ambient 2P gaseous media of multiple-population GCs. We mostly focus on black hole binaries and follow their evolution as they evolve from wide binaries toward short periods through interaction with ambient gas, followed by gravitational-wave (GW) dominated inspiral and merger. We show that this novel GW merger channel could provide a major contribution to the production of GW sources. We consider various assumptions and initial conditions and calculate the resulting gas-mediated change in the population of binaries and the expected merger rates due to gas-catalyzed GW inspirals. For plausible conditions and assumptions, we find an expected GW merger rate observable by aLIGO of the order of up to a few tens of Gpc−3 yr−1 and an overall range for our various models of 0.08–25.51 Gpc−3 yr−1. Finally, our results suggest that the conditions and binary properties in the early stage of GCs could be critically affected by gas interactions and may require a major revision in the current modeling of the evolution of GCs.
The Effects of High Fat Diet on the Liver of the White Rat Model Obesity
Authors: Rusdiana Rusdiana , Syarifah Siti , Pane Yunita Sari , Widjaja Sry Suryani , Anggraini Dwi Rita
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease with the manifestation of over-accumulation of fat in the liver.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of occurrence of steatosis in rats induced by a standard diet, a high-fat diet, and a modified high-fat diet.

METHODS: This study used 18 white rats of the Wistar strain, divided into three groups, and fed for 9 weeks. Before feeding, all rats were measured their body weight, abdominal circumference, and body length. We measured body weight every week, while body length and waist circumference were measured every 2 weeks. After 9 weeks of diet, all rats were subjected to injection of Ketamine and examined for metabolic markers and histopathological examination of liver organs.

RESULT: There was an increase in body weight of rats in the three groups with the average percentage increase in body weight in the three groups of rats before and after being fed a diet for 9 weeks found in Group 1 29.19% 1 (187−264.40 g), Group 2 by 19.12% (219.33−275 g), and Group 3 24.53% (213.33−275 g). Steatosis in Group 1 was 57.50% of hepatocytes containing macrovesicular fat droplets and called Grade 2 (moderate). In contrast, with a high-fat diet, steatosis occurred around 93.33%−95% of hepatocytes containing macrovesicular fat droplets and called steatosis Grade 3 (severe).

CONCLUSION: The percentage of hepatocytes that had steatosis in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet was more significant than in obese models induced by a standard diet.
Potential risk resulting from the influence of static magnetic field upon living organisms. Numerically simulated effects of the static magnetic field upon simple alkanols
Authors: Ciesielski Wojciech , Girek Tomasz , Oszczęda Zdzisław , Soroka Jacek A. , Tomasik Piotr
Published: June 2022

Background: Recognising effects of static magnetic field (SMF) of varying flux density on flora and fauna is attempted. For this purpose, the influence of static magnetic field upon molecules of lower alkanols i.e. methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, S-butan-2-ol, isobutanol and tert-butanol is studied.

Methods: Computations of the effect of real SMF 0.0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 AFU (Arbitrary Field Unit; here 1AFU > 1000 T) flux density were performed in silico (computer vacuum), involving advanced computational methods.

Results: SMF polarises molecules depending on applied flux density, but it neither ionises nor breaks valence bonds. Some irregularities in the changes of positive and negative charge densities and bond lengths provide evidence that molecules slightly change their initially fixed positions with respect to the force lines of the magnetic field. Length of some bonds and bond angles change with an increase in the applied flux density, providing, in some cases, polar interactions between atoms through space.

Conclusions: Since SMF produced and increase in the negative charge density at the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group and elongated the –O-H bond length, these results show that SMF facilitates metabolism of the alkanols.
An updated checklist of liverworts and hornworts of Malaysia
Authors: Lee Gaik Ee , Gradstein S. Robbert , Pesiu Elizabeth , Norhazrina Nik
Published: June 2022

An updated checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of Malaysia accepts 773 species and 31 infraspecific taxa of liverworts, in 120 genera and 40 families, and 7 species of hornworts (6 genera, 3 families). The largest family is Lejeuneaceae with 312 species in 30 genera, accounting for 40% of the total number of species. The largest genera are Cololejeunea, Bazzania and Frullania with 90, 61 and 55 species, respectively. The greatest number of species has been recorded from Sabah with 568 species, followed by Pahang and Sarawak with 338 and 265 species, respectively.
Long-Term Care Insurance and Medical Services for the Elderly: The Role of the Healthcare Industry
Authors: Jang Hyun Jae
Published: June 2022

The long-term care insurance for the elderly system was officially implemented in July 2008, following a 3-year pilot program starting in 2005. The purpose of this system was to improve the quality of life of seniors and reduce the burden of care among family members, given the growing elderly population. By 2021, the scale of the system had increased by two to four times, with 860,000 beneficiaries and 9,824,800,000,000 KRW worth of insurance benefits. In line with this increase, it is necessary to efficiently establish and improve the system so that it can directly meet the medical needs of the beneficiaries. This may serve to reduce the rapidly increasing expenditure related to the elderly medical expenses, which in turn leads to a decrease in societal costs. In conclusion, senior care needs to be properly established and implemented in order to create organic intra- and inter-field connections between medicine, healthcare, and welfare.
Intraductal Radiofrequency Ablation as a Palliative Treatment for Advanced Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Kang Huapyong , Kim Eui Joo , Kim Yeon Suk
Published: June 2022

Malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) frequently accompanies cholestasis and cholangitis, and requires biliary stent placement. To prevent stent occlusion and prolong survival, local ablation therapy can be considered adjunctive to stent placement. Intraductal radiofrequency ablation (ID-RFA) is a recently developed local therapy for malignant biliary obstruction that can be easily performed employing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. The use of ID-RFA to treat MHBO (as distinct from distal biliary obstruction) was suggested to be associated with severe adverse events. However, recent comparative studies have shown that ID-RFA is feasible and safe, and acceptably efficacious, in patients with advanced MHBO; newer temperature-controlled ID-RFA devices may enhance safety further. Regularly repeated ID-RFA with stent exchange affords better survival than stenting alone. However, the optimal ID-RFA strategy for MHBO remains inconclusive given the lack of data. Further large-scale clinical trials are needed.
La co-construction : une réponse à l’écart entre les discours et la réalité en matière de politique de handicap dans les organisations contemporaines
Authors: Aimar Damien , Chanlat Jean-François
Published: June 2022

Peu d’articles cherchent à rendre compte de la politique du handicap dans toute sa complexité. L’approche part trop souvent d’un regard en surplomb au sein duquel la performance du salarié handicapé est évoquée sans vraiment la qualifier. On a donc tendance à homogénéiser toute forme de handicap et à en oublier la diversité des manifestations. Dans la majorité des cas, la solution apportée se résume à l’aménagement du poste de travail (Richard, 2016). Ce type d’approche favorise le développement d’un phénomène que d’aucuns qualifient, de nos jours, en anglais, de : «  disable washing  ». Ce phénomène se caractérise par un marketing des ressources humaines dont l’objectif est de séduire les parties prenantes, les candidats potentiels et les salariés en situation de handicap, au détriment des moyens pouvant satisfaire les besoins de ces derniers ; il met aussi en évidence les biais possibles que peuvent prendre certaines organisations par ailleurs reconnues comme « handi-accueillantes ». Face à ces constats, cet article propose une approche qui privilégie la co-construction en matière de politique du handicap, pour mettre fin à une forme de myopie qui existe dans les univers organisés contemporains par rapport à cette question.
Compassion Competence Among Nursing Students From Different Cultures: A Multinational Study
Authors: Edoho Samson-Akpan Patience , Lee Youngjin , Baqer Al-Jubouri Mohammed , Rose Cayaban Arcalyd , John Mildred E.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Compassion competence is a nurse's ability to provide patient-centered care and communicate with patients in a sensitive and insightful manner. This descriptive cross-sectional survey study aimed to assess the compassion competence of a multinational group of nursing students.

Method:

A total of 1,158 undergraduate nursing students participated in this study, and stratified random sampling method was used to select participants from the 100 study level to the 400 or 500 level. Data were collected using the Compassion Competence Scale.

Results:

Significant differences were found in students grouped by country of residence, marital status, and level of study. Age had a significant relationship with compassion competence, whereas gender did not. Students had high mean scores on sensitivity to patient needs across all countries.

Conclusion:

Effective communication skills and insights into patient problems are important aspects of compassion competence, and undergraduate nursing programs should emphasize both of these aspects.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):289–295.]
Trauma-Informed Education in Nursing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Goddard Anna , Witten Jones Rebecca , Esposito Dorothea , Etcher LuAnn
Published: June 2022

Background:

Trauma-informed education provides a framework for a collaborative, relational trauma awareness model when working with nursing students. This concept analysis provides clarification, explicates the conceptual meaning of trauma-informed education, and lays a foundation for nurse educators navigating the challenge of meeting student needs during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Method:

Using Walker and Avant's concept analysis method, exhaustive multi-disciplinary and ancestry searches conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsychINFO identified 31 relevant article that were evaluated for relevance to the concept analysis as it relates to the context of nursing education.

Results:

This analysis proposes a new definition of trauma-informed education to support future practice and research endeavors, providing a framework for transforming the nurse educator-student dyadic relationship.

Conclusion:

Trauma-informed education can provide a collaborative relational model with students based on trauma awareness as affecting one's being and self.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):296–302.]
Leveraging an Academic Practice Partnership to Support a COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Clinic
Authors: Diegel-Vacek Lauren , Reising Virginia , Bertini Kimberly , Mischak Rebecca , Eichenberger Jean M. , Hagstrom Binni , Corbridge Susan J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

When the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines received emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in December 2020, distribution of the vaccine began within 24 hours.

Method:

Nursing faculty leveraged a long-standing practice partnership with the academic health center (AHC) to lead an innovative effort mobilizing nursing and interprofessional student volunteers to support the COVID-19 mass vaccination program for AHC frontline health care staff, patients, and community members.

Results:

Student vaccinators administered 98,000 vaccinations and contributed a significant service to the university health system by supporting the swift rollout of the vaccine program. The total number of volunteer vaccinator hours (11,820) resulted in an approximate cost savings of $768,300 to the AHC.

Conclusion:

During a global health crisis, nursing students and faculty demonstrated a strong commitment to the academic-practice partnership and improved access to COVID-19 vaccinations for residents of the health system's underserved communities.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):308–313.]
Propagation of chaos: A review of models, methods and applications. I. Models and methods
Authors: Chaintron Louis-Pierre , Diez Antoine
Published: June 2022

The notion of propagation of chaos for large systems of interacting particles originates in statistical physics and has recently become a central notion in many areas of applied mathematics. The present review describes old and new methods as well as several important results in the field. The models considered include the McKean-Vlasov diffusion, the mean-field jump models and the Boltzmann models. The first part of this review is an introduction to modelling aspects of stochastic particle systems and to the notion of propagation of chaos. The second part presents concrete applications and a more detailed study of some of the important models in the field.
Generalized fractional differential equations for past dynamic
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Shiri Babak
Published: June 2022

Well-posedness of the terminal value problem for nonlinear systems of generalized fractional differential equations is studied. The generalized fractional operator is formulated with a classical operator and a related weighted space. The terminal value problem is transformed into weakly singular Fredholm and Volterra integral equations with delay. A lower bound for the well-posedness of the corresponding problem is introduced. A collocation method covering all problems with generalized derivatives is introduced and analyzed. Illustrative examples for validation and application of the proposed methods are supported. The effects of various fractional derivatives on the solution, well-posedness, and fitting error are studied. An application for estimating the population of diabetes cases in the past is introduced.
On some vector variational inequalities and optimization problems
Authors: Treanţă Savin
Published: June 2022

This paper establishes connections between the solutions of some new vector controlled variational inequalities and (proper) efficient solutions of the corresponding multiobjective controlled variational problem. More precisely, under the assumptions of invexity and Fréchet differentiability of the involved curvilinear integral functionals, and by using the notion of invex set with respect to some given functions, we derive the characterization results.
Dynamical analysis of a stochastic hybrid predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and Lévy jumps
Authors: Qiu Hong , Huo Yanzhang , Ma Tianhui
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a stochastic hybrid predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and Lévy jumps is studied. Firstly, it is proved that the model has a unique global solution. Secondly, sufficient conditions for weak persistence in the mean and extinction of prey and predator populations are established. Finally, sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of ergodic stationary distribution are established. Moreover, several numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main results.
Reviewing the Employee Branding Process to Gain Firm Competitive Advantage
Authors: Shabbir Rizwan , Gulzar Muhammad Awais , Samin Tanzila
Published: June 2022

Brands are more challenging to capture, sustain market share, and keep their customers loyal in a highly competitive marketplace. One of the evident approaches that a brand considers is the employee branding process that highlights, establishes, and handles long-term competitive advantage. The employee branding process model recognizes numerous foundations through which messages are conveyed and defines the sources of elements that translate the employee branding process. This chapter reviews a theoretical model of the employee branding process, which posits employee brand image that has been compelled through the posts an employee receives and the structure inside employees' personality that empowers and creates logic regarding messages. The model postulates the concerns of the employee branding process and designates a feedback hoop by which managers can observe this process. Moreover, some unexplored areas of the employee branding process are proposed, including job crafting, workplace civility, motivation, and the behavioral aspect of innovation during a pandemic.
A Network Data Analytic Technique in a 5G-IoT-Based Smart Healthcare System Using Machine Learning
Authors: Gupta Neha , Sharma Sachin , Juneja Pradeep , Garg Umang
Published: June 2022

Healthcare is an important part of every individual's life. Unfortunately, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases is putting a burden on the modern healthcare system. The internet of things (IoT) with 5G technology offers a number of advantages to the healthcare system, including remote monitoring, remote robotic surgery, and ambulances operating on dedicated network slices, all of which relieve pressure on the traditional healthcare system. 5G-IoT enables billions of healthcare equipment to communicate with one another. These devices will produce a huge amount of data that can be evaluated. In the healthcare industry, data analytics has a huge potential. In this chapter, the authors examine a brief history of machine learning as well as some fundamental knowledge of the methodologies. In addition, the author has provided a brief overview of several machine learning algorithms utilized in healthcare in the context of 5G-IoT. The future aspect of machine learning in a 5G-IoT smart healthcare system was also highlighted.
An Application-Oriented Survey on the Adaptability of Artificial Intelligence for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Marella Surya Teja , Hong Guan Yue
Published: June 2022

The application domains for artificial intelligence and machine learning are expanding exponentially in recent times. The domains such as automation in software and business processes, healthcare, agriculture, robotics, and mostly natural language processing have seen the most adaptations. The domain of natural language processing seeks the maximum adaptation due to various sub domain applications such as textual classification, detection of emotions, design and delivery of virtual assistant tools, extraction of knowledge, content summarization, content recommendations, user profiling for content consumption habits, grammar and dialect verification, and text summation. These subdomains cater to a wide range of purposes such as user profiling or emotion extraction for surveying or feedback analysis for data-driven applications.
Workplace Stress and Gender Roles
Authors: Chadda Sheetal
Published: June 2022

Diversity and inclusion of all sections of the population in the mainstream economic environment is the prerequisite for a sustainable society. The transition in the role of women has brought prosperity in the households but has also posed challenges for them. Workplace stress is the change in the mental or physical condition of the employee due to present conditions at the workplace which present a threat or challenge. The major factors causing challenges or threats could be physical, psychosocial, or personal factors. This chapter explores the role of workplace stress and perception of gender roles on the quality of work-life and satisfaction in general among the working women in India with special emphasis on urban areas. A qualitative research methodology is adopted for the present study. It uses text-based search using Google to undertake sentiment analysis. Results support the earlier contention that women face more stress as compared to the males in both their working lives and households.
Job Quality and Satisfaction in the Intensity Labor Sectors
Authors: Ceular Villamandos Nuria N. , Caridad López del Río Lorena , Navajas- Romero Virginia
Published: June 2022

Due to COVID-19, there has been a paradigm shift in the labor market. This problem is accentuated in professions directly linked to human resources, as is the case in the health sector, education, and tourism. The main objective of this research is to analyze how these factors lead to a greater or lesser degree of job satisfaction. The research proposes a binary logistic regression model, which was built with a sample of 24,376 professionals from these intensive sectors of living, working, and COVID-19. The results obtained confirm, on the one hand, that there is a significant effect of burnout, efficacy, resources, and support about job satisfaction. In conclusion, this research shows that the job satisfaction of workers in intensive sectors is lower than that of other sectors, and that the factors that most influence the low job satisfaction of these workers are related to institutional, individual, and the increase in tax demands due to the pandemic.
E-Consumer Behavioral Analytics
Authors: Baskaran Kamaladevi
Published: June 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the electronic commerce industry hit a phenomenal change. Many retail locations had to close, and customers were forced to place orders from home. Online retailers had a challenge in the supply of products on time due to unpredictable demand. Goods sold out at an alarming rate, supply diminished, and conveyance periods diminished. Online business stores slowly began to acquire new and expanded interest from the consumers. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the effect of e-tail factors such as quality of information on the online store, price of product/service, user-friendly website design, privacy/security control, online customer service, and post purchase delivery service on Malaysian-based consumers purchase decision. This research is based on primary samples collected from 154 Malaysian residents online. The results indicate that there is a significant effect of e-tail factors on Malaysian-based consumers' purchase behavior, which transforms web traffic into actual purchase behavior.
The Impact of Social Media and Digital Marketing on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Rishat A. S. M. Adib Hasan , Hossain Md. Sharif , Alam Mohammad Tareq
Published: June 2022

For the time being, people are becoming habitual on social media and digital marketing. This has changed the behaviour of the consumer and the strategies in which companies run their business. Social-media and digital marketing offer significant opportunities to organizations through lower costs, improved brand awareness, and increased sales. This chapter tries to highlight the impact of social media and digital marketing on consumer behaviour from the collective discussion from several experts and researchers. This chapter offers a significant and timely contribution to both researchers and practitioners in the form of challenges and opportunities where the authors highlight different factors that affect the consumer behaviour as well as strategies adopted by the companies to attract the consumers.
Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environment
Authors: Kundu Aayushi , Basu Soumen
Published: June 2022

Marine trash can be found all around the oceans. Debris enters oceans through a variety of sources, including but not limited to sources onshore, vessels, and other marine infrastructure. Plastics are often the most significant component of marine debris, contributing up to 100% of floating trash. Microplastics (MPs) or nanoplastics (NPs), which are fragmented or otherwise minute plastic materials, have remained a source of environmental concern. This chapter traces the different avenues of NPs and MPs in an aquatic setting along with their origin. The toxic impacts of NPs and MPs on the marine ecosystem have been discussed in detail. This chapter also highlights the toxicity comparison of MPs/NPs and the brief analytical techniques for their mitigation. The available data suggests that the prolonged presence of NPs and MPs in the aquatic systems could have long-term repercussions. The more empirical and doctrinal study is pertinent for a better understanding of systemic toxicity caused by MPs/NPs, as well as the underlying mechanism.
Current Status and Future Challenges of Microplastics in the Agroecosystems
Authors: Zang Huadong , Zhou Jie , Lv Yihan , Yang Yaddong , Zeng Zhaohai
Published: June 2022

It is unavoidable that microplastics (MPs; <5 mm in diameter) are becoming widespread in agroecosystem. However, these changes act upon the agroecosystem with far-reaching but poorly understood consequences on ecosystem functions and subsequent plant-soil health. MPs could change a broad of essential soil biogeochemical processes by effecting soil properties, forming specific microbial hotspots, inducing diversed influences on microbial functions. The physical damage or chemical toxicity on soil organisms and plants caused by MPs may influence plant health. Due to the C contained in MPs, it contributes to the accumulation of soil organic matter as well dissolved organic matter. This further stimulates microbial activity and consequently CO2 and N2O emissions. Enhanced soluble C released from the decomposition of bioplastics increases microbial nutrient immobilizatization and thus causes competition between plants and microbes. Although MPs may confer some benefits in agroecosystems, it is thought that these will be far outweighed by the potential disbenefits.
Study of the Potential Impact of Microplastics and Additives on Human Health
Authors: Barua Ranjit , Banerjee Debasish , Bhowmik Sumit
Published: June 2022

The spreading and abundance of micro and nano plastics into the world are so wide that many researchers used them as main pointers of the modern and contemporary period defining a new historical era. However, the inferences of microplastics are not yet systematically understood. There is the significant difficulty involved to know their impact due to dissimilar physical-chemical characteristics that make micro-plastics complex stressors. Micro-plastics carry toxic chemicals in the ecosystems, therefore serving as vectors of transport, and, on the other hand, a combination of dangerous chemicals that are further voluntarily during their manufacture as additives to increase polymer properties and extend their life. In this chapter, the authors prominently discuss the different kinds of literature on micro and nano-plastic exposure pathways and their probable risk to human health to encapsulate present information with the target of enhanced attention, upcoming study in this area, and information gaps.
Impact of Micro and Nanoplastics in the Marine Environment
Authors: Alkimin Gilberto Dias de , Gonçalves Joanna M. , Nathan Justine , Bebianno Maria João
Published: June 2022

Plastic contamination in the ocean has recently received a lot of attention. Plastic production has been growing and its use spread to many sectors. More than 80% of plastic enters the ocean from land-based sources, with the remaining having ocean-based sources. Once in the ocean, plastic undergoes fragmentation and degradation that lead to the formation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), and their dimensions are becoming an environmental concern. Thus, this chapter provides an overview of the effects of MPs and NPs on marine organisms, from bacteria to fish. Plastic affects marine organisms from molecular to population levels but some knowledge gaps exist regarding the biogeochemical cycle of plastic, how it behaves and is distributed in the aquatic-sediment compartment and in deep-sea. Moreover, more attention is necessary concerning NPs ecotoxicological effects already detected and because not all polymer types and size effects have been investigated. In addition, risk assessment of plastic particles is needed to characterize their risks and for data to be comparable.
Elementary Counselors' Perspectives of Trauma-Informed Preparedness
Authors: Powell Angela M.
Published: June 2022

Nearly half of all students in primary and secondary school in the United States have experienced trauma. As a result, school counselors' preparedness to work with those students may affect the traumatized youths' overall mental, academic, social, and physical well-being. This phenomenological study explored the degree to which elementary school counselors perceived their level of preparedness to work with children who have experienced trauma. Elementary school counselors within a Texas urban school district completed an in-depth interview. The emerging themes from this study delineated consistent perceptions of inadequate graduate school training to work with traumatized youth. Implications for counselor educators are discussed.
School Counseling for Children of Incarcerated Parents
Authors: Brown Emily C. , Tuttle Malti , Hebert Dylan
Published: June 2022

Children of incarcerated parents may have traumatic experiences that correlate with negative educational and mental health outcomes. School counselors are ideally suited to provide trauma-informed school counseling for children of incarcerated parents through individual, group, or classroom counseling interventions while also collaborating with stakeholders. This chapter provides school counselors an overview of the possible trauma of parental incarceration while describing approaches to help meet the needs of students. The authors describe the importance of collaborating with caregivers, administrators, school nurses, and teachers to help promote a positive school climate, offer support, and reduce the possible stigma connected to parental incarceration. The authors recommend advocacy practices and future research areas to continue to promote trauma-informed school counseling for children of incarcerated parents.
Advanced, Sustainable, and Economic Construction Under Green Technologies During COVID-19
Authors: Khatri Shubha
Published: June 2022

The authors would like to give their emphasis on advanced and economical green technologies due to COVID-19 pandemic situation. Due to coronavirus disease, not only the financial market but industrial and agricultural stock markets were affected. In all these references, the author created a positive side to go ahead with energetic stamina with a new name of “COVID: Create Opportunity Victory In Disaster.” This chapter describes the most advanced sustainable and green building materials in construction (i.e., advanced green technology adopted in civil engineering). This is the time when we can do something new in the civil engineering area during this pandemic situation by using clean technologies for sustainable development in civil engineering construction and also can provide shelter for all who really feel helpless to construct their own homes in an economic way by using low-cost housing materials as a smart material. This chapter reveals advanced, economic, and sustainable green technologies that are being invented during the pandemic situation of COVID-19.
Would Crowdfunding Really Help Startups in China?
Authors: Yu Poshan , Xu Aiqi , Hanes Emanuela , Lu Shengyuan
Published: June 2022

Difficulty in financing has always been a major problem faced by small companies or start-ups around the world, and China is no exception. This chapter aims to examine how crowdfunding can help startups in China to solve the problem of financing difficulties. By analyzing the Chinese startup marketplace as well as the sources of funding available to small businesses or startups, this chapter elaborates that it is reasonable to solve these funding problems and help startups survive through crowdfunding and draw forth regulations concerning it. Additionally, use cases are presented to help readers understand the development status of crowdfunding in China.
The New Construct of Well-Being in the Sars-Cov19 Era and Governance Policies Between System Dimensions in the Flipped Inclusion Model
Authors: De Giuseppe Tonia , Ianniello Annalisa , Barra Vincenza , Corona Felice
Published: June 2022

The complex postmodern hyperstimulation exacerbated by the pandemic crisis from Sars-Cov19 is producing a proliferation of psycho-social paradoxes not always consciously managed. Through an investment in the transformative power of education for a permanent organizational the flipped inclusion model didactically transpose the design architecture of computational thinking and affects both the transformation of identity (by acting on learning, communicative, relational, and attribution styles) in an inclusive plural perspective, and indirectly for the promotion of inclusive contests, as emerges from the data of multi-research method being tested since 2014 at the University of Salerno. The activation of experiential training strategies, which affect the promotion of prosocial value, allows to foster an education in the management of potential risks deriving from unconscious transductive processes, generated in hybrid social systems formal, non-formal, and informal, virtual and real.
The Impact of E-Learning Instructional Knowledge on Pedagogical Attitude and Learner Performance
Authors: Musundire Austin
Published: June 2022

This study was aimed at investigating the impact of lecturers' level of knowledge and skills of e-learning, pedagogical attitude, and learners' performance in South African private institutions of higher learning by applying the ends-means relationship conventional leadership and supervision model. The intention was to solve challenges associated with the implementation of e-learning programs in South African higher schools of learning. The study applied an explanatory research design in the form of the mixed method (quant-qual). The results indicated that the lecturers' level of knowledge and skills, as well as pedagogical attitude in the aspects of e-learning components, were low. This is one of the reasons why e-learning is having a negative impact on the quality of teaching and learning. It is therefore recommended that lecturers get involved in e-learning innovation programs regarding policymaking and implementation in order to acquire enhanced e-pedagogical skills.
Fostering Digital Competencies Among the Absent
Authors: Turja Tuuli
Published: June 2022

Most people in modern working life are exposed to new technologies and by implication information overflows and expectations of continuous learning. Ongoing technological changes demand constant updating of competencies, such as digital literacy, but how is technologizing work viewed by those temporarily absent from work? Metacognitive worries over technologized work were explored among the employees laid off, on a study leave, or on a sick leave. Individuals on an extended sick leave were more likely to have negative metacognitions than those who were absent for another reason. Self-efficacy in learning new technologies and the perceived capability to handle information overflow are metacognitions that should be acknowledged in an attempt to reintegrate employees back from long-term sick leaves. The findings also imply that worries over performing in technologized work are associated with lower perceived work ability. Recommendations emphasise briefing absent employees about possible technological changes and supporting digital competencies and literacies of the returning ones.
Spotted Hyenas Approach ‎for Suicidal Prediction
Authors: Zerrouki Kadda , Hamou Reda Mohamed , Rahmoun Abdellatif
Published: June 2022

The increase use of social media allows unprecedented access to the ‎behaviors, thoughts and ‎feelings of individuals. We are interested here in ‎the evolution of the emotional states of individuals ‎captured through ‎microblogging services such as Twitter. ‎ According to the World Health ‎‎Organization (WHO) report in 2016, around 800,000 of individuals have ‎committed ‎suicide.‎‏‎ Suicide is a major health concern worldwide‏.‏‎ ‎‏Our ‎‎objective was to produce a new algorithm inspired by the spotted hyenas ‎life (SHO) to detect ‎person in suicide situation through the analysis of the ‎twitter social network. So in this paper, we propose our approach to ‎prediction suicidal tweets that can be published by people who suspect ‎by their suicidal intentions. The proposed algorithm gives better ‎performance compared to machine ‎learning algorithms such as Naïve ‎Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), the Decision Tree (DT) ‎and ‎Support Vector Machine (SVM).‎
New Results Regarding the Cavitation Destruction Behavior of Heat-Treated CuZn39Pb3 Brass with Different Parameters
Authors: Ghera Cristan , Lazăr Iosif , Alexa Daniela , Bordeasu Ilare , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin , Ostoia Daniel , Hluscu Mihai , Salcianu Cornelia Laura , Stroita Daniel Catalin , Bazavan Dumitru Viorel , Sava Marcela , Micu Lavinia Madalina
Published: June 2022

Among other parts made of brass there are also the blades and the rotors of the hydraulic machines, respectively ship propellers, which during operation are degraded by cavitation erosion. As a result, most of the researches, including the most recent ones, are focused on the morphological analysis of structures eroded under the impact of micro-jets and shock waves, produced by cavitation hydrodynamics. The goal is to create new materials, but also to use new treatment technologies to increase cavitation resistance. As the literature is quite poor in studies related to the materials resistance to cavitation erosion, respectively treatments and technological procedures of it’s improvement, this paper presents the research results on the behavior of vibration cavitation erosion, carried out on three sets of CuZn39Pb3 brass samples, subjected to volumetric heat treatments of hardening for putting in solution at 800°C, followed by tempering at 250°C, 400°C and 600°C. The characterization of the behavior and the cavitation resistance of the structures resulting from the applied heat treatments is performed based on macroscopic images, taken at different representative periods, SEM images at the end of the test duration and values ​​of specific parameters recommended by ASTM G32-2016. The analysis highlights the differences caused by the change in structure by varying the temperature, but also the hardness of the surface exposed to the cavity. Thus, of the three treatments, it is found that the best resistance to cavitation is conferred by the structure resulting from hardening at 800°C, with tempering at 250°C.
Fly Ash Epoxy Composites with Superior Fire Retardant Properties
Authors: Mahadeva Raju G.K. , Srikanth Chaitra , Madhu G.M. , Shankar Reddy Dinesh P. , Karthik K.V.
Published: June 2022

Epoxy was loaded with varying concentrations of fly ash and was characterized for its structural properties using XRD and SEM. The XRD results revealed reduction of crystallinity with increase in filler content indicating that the composites are semi crystalline in nature. The SEM images showed that at lower concentration of filler content, fly ash is uniformly distributed within the epoxy and at higher concentrations of fly ash, agglomerates were observed. Mechanical properties such as tensile and compressive properties were estimated and the results showed that, the composites exhibit enhanced tensile strength and compressive strength for epoxy with 20 wt% fly ash. Flammable properties such as heat release rate, peak heat release rate, time to ignition, CO and CO2 yields are estimated and reported. Decrease in combustion time, peak heat release rate, time to ignition, CO and CO2 yields with increase in filler content clearly indicates the superior flammability performance of epoxy composites loaded with fly ash.
Aspects Regarding the Operating Behavior of FSW Welding Tools
Authors: Perianu Ion Aurel , Botila Lia-Nicoleta , Cojocaru Radu
Published: June 2022

Welding tools are a determining factor in obtaining welded joints with desired characteristics. The international community pays great attention to research aimed at establishing the optimal characteristics of friction stir welding (FSW) tools. With the development of the FSW welding process with its own contributions, ISIM Timisoara has developed complex research resulting in the conception and design of (innovative) FSW welding tool solutions. A very important factor especially when welding high hardness materials is the durability / lifespan of FSW welding tools. The paper presents general considerations regarding the qualities that FSW welding tools must meet in general, but also ISIM achievements in the field of design and operation of welding tools. Studies regarding operating behavior of welding tools made of sintered tungsten carbide P20S, in terms of service life (wear), both in the case of applying the classical FSW welding process and the method of friction stir welding in inert gas environment (FSW-IG), when joining steels with wide industrial use (304L stainless steel, respectively DD13 steel), are also presented. Concrete data is presented with values of the degree of wear of the tools in the unit of time, in their critical areas: tools made of X38CrMoV5 steel alloy used for welding aluminum alloys with different characteristics, respectively tools made of sintered tungsten carbide P20S used for welding S 235 JR + N steel and 304L stainless steels.