bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of spores´dissemination in the combination of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus
Authors: Nermuť Jiří , Hopfgartner Myriam , Konopická Jana , Půža Vladimír
Published: November 2022

Entomopathogenic nematodes and entomopathogenic fungi are soil organisms that cause epizootics in insect pests and are therefore important agents in pest management and biocontrol. Many studies focus on the effectiveness of either entomopathogenic nematodes or fungi for controlling pests, though it has been shown that a combination of the two entomopathogens may enhance their efficacy against host insects and the nematodes can disseminate fungal spores on their cuticle. We focused on evaluating the effects of foraging behaviour ofSteinernema feltiae,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, andSteinernema carpocapsaeon the dissemination ofCordyceps fumosoroseaspores. Additionally, we investigated how the nematode’s 2nd stage cuticle as well as various adhesives impact spore transmission. Fungal dispersal via nematodes was studied through two different experimental designs: soil-filled glass tubes and soil columns. The latter experiment also used liquid alginate and sunflower seed oil as adhesives to explore ways to enhance spore dispersal. Results illustrated that entomopathogenic nematodes improve the transmission ofC. fumosoroseaspores; particularly in case of conidia. The nematodesS. feltiaeandS. carpocapsaewere found to spread spores most effectively, depending however on the experimental soil conditions. Research revealed that the nematode’s 2nd stage cuticle is an important factor for spore dispersal; without it, transmission rates drop significantly. Sunflower seed oil was determined to be the most successful adhesive medium and increased spore distribution for all tested nematode strains. These findings indicate the potential use of adhesives in pest management to enhance nematode dissemination of EPF spores. Additional research regarding adhesives, as well as the mechanisms of spore adhesion to the nematode cuticle may be of importance in the future.
Pan-cancer analysis reveals that nischarin may not be the universal tumor suppressor
Authors: Ostojić Marija , Đurić Ana , Živić Kristina , Grahovac Jelena
Published: November 2022

Background: Scaffolding protein nischarin (NISCH) was reported to be a tumor suppressor that plays a critical role in breast cancer initiation and progression through regulation of the cytoskeleton dynamics. NISCH expression was reported to be a positive prognostic marker in breast, ovarian and lung cancers. Our group has found that in melanoma, NISCH had positive prognostic value in female patients, but negative in males. These findings opened up a question whether NISCH has tumor type-specific and sex-dependent roles in cancer progression.
Results: In this study, we systematically examined in the public databases the prognostic value of NISCH in solid tumors, regulation of its expression and associated signaling pathways with the special emphasis on the possible differences between male and female cancer patients. We found that NISCH expression was decreased in tumor compared to the respective healthy tissues, and that this was most commonly due to the deletions of the NISCH gene and promoter methylation. We also report that, unlike in healthy tissues where it was located in the cytoplasm and at the membrane, NISCH could be observed in the nuclei in tumor tissues. Surprisingly, we found that in many cancer types – colon, liver, skin, ovarian, prostate, and kidney – high NISCH expression was a negative prognostic marker. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that, while there were common pathways associated with NISCH expression in all the examined cancer types, in tumors in which high NISCHexpression was a negative prognostic marker Wnt-Notch-Hedgehog signaling gene networks were enriched.
Conclusions: Our study questions the current tumor suppressor status of nischarin and lays a ground for functional studies in a context-dependent manner in cancer.
M²BRTPC: A Novel Modified Multimodal Biometric Recognition for Toddlers and Pre-School Children Approach
Authors: Bahzad Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

A biometric system based on the characteristics of adults recently achieved an outstanding result. Over the last few decades, many applications have been developed for adults, such as fingerprint, face, iris, and hand-vein. Infant identification suffers from many problems and does not enroll all possible ages. Identifying children using one or any biometric features is the first step in ensuring that they are recognized before the law and that their rights are guaranteed. From another perspective, this prevents baby swaps in hospitals, Identifying Missing Children and Civil ID Programs. This paper introduces an approach for Multimodal Biometric Recognition for Toddlers and Pre-School Children. The focus is on finding a conclusion regarding how to identify a child of different ages using as few biometric features as possible, for instance, fingerprints, faces, iris, etc. The proposed approach uses a dataset containing iris and fingerprint modalities of more than 100 children (aged 18 months to 4 years) and creates a new database. There are two phases in the proposed approach: Enrollment and Testing. During the enrollment phase, there are four steps, after which the extracting features are stored in the new database. There are five stages in the testing module; after creating the template, it compares it with the created database and finds the matching child. A Fingerprint Extraction Tool is also proposed for extracting features from fingerprint images. According to the experimental results, the proposed approach enhances performance by 14.75 to 18.75%.
KELM: Knowledge-Enhanced Learning Methodology for Cardinality Estimation
Authors: Yan Yu , Wang Hongzhi , Geng Jian , Ma Jian , Wang Yuzhuo
Published: November 2022

Recent years, the database community has attempted to develop learned cardinality estimator for improving the estimation accuracy. Although some researches show that the applying deep learning to cardinality estimation is a significant and promising direction, there still exists many problems in implementing these techniques to real applications (long preparation time, unstable performance and poor model transition). We comprehensively analyze the characteristics of statistical estimators which have the potential ability to enhance the learned estimators for solving these problems. After carefully design, we propose a knowledge-enhanced learning methodology for cardinality estimation, called KELM. To our knowledge, KELM is the first work to regard the statistical estimators as knowledge for enhancing the learned estimators. Specifically, we propose a knowledge enhanced preparation phase which could accelerate the model pretraining by reducing queries execution. For online phase, we design stable model inference algorithm and a two-stage transition method for efficiently adapting to dynamic workloads. Experimental results in four open source datasets demonstrate that KELM outperforms existing works in model preparation, model inference and model transition. Our work brings a new development direction for the application of learned estimators in real database environments.
The association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and ascites in cirrhosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Wijaya Wynne , Ratnasari Neneng , Triwikatmani Catharina , Indrarti Fahmi
Published: November 2022

Background: Systemic inflammation and immune system dysfunction play important roles in the pathophysiology of cirrhosis. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker associated with systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation in cirrhotic patients. NLR is inexpensive and may predict decompensation and mortality in these patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between NLR and the presence of ascites as a complication in cirrhosis.
Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 61 adult cirrhotic patients without documented malignancy, systemic infection, and autoimmune diseases at our hospital between January 2015 to December 2018. NLR, presence of ascites, and all other variables were collected from the first day of presentation.
Results: There were 31 patients with ascites and 30 without ascites. The mean NLRs were 2.72±1.20 and 3.53±1.51 in patients with and without ascites (p=0,022). ROC curve analysis demonstrated a NLR cut-off value of 2.70 (AUC 0.660, p=0.032). Cirrhotic patients with NLR <2.70 is 4.354 times more likely to have the presence of ascites (95% CI: 1,471-12,885, p=0.006).
Conclusion: Lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with the presence of ascites in cirrhosis. Patients with NLR of <2.70 are four times more likely to have the presence of ascites. This finding supports the evidence of neutropenia in decompensated cirrhosis. Further studies are required to elucidate the prognostic utility of NLR in cirrhosis.
Linking drought indices in the Atlantic sector of the High Arctic (Svalbard) to atmospheric circulation
Authors: Migała Krzysztof , Łupikasza Ewa , Osuch Marzena , Owczarek Magdalena Opała – , Owczarek Piotr
Published: November 2022

Based on the long-term climatological data from Ny Alesund, Svalbard Airport – Longyearbyen and Hornsund Polish Polar Station, we undertook an analysis of drought indices on West Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard for the period 1979–2019. The features and causes of spatio-temporal variability of atmospheric drought on Svalbard were identified, as expressed by the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). It was possible to indicate several-years long periods with the SPEI indicating a domination of drought or wet conditions. Long-term variability of annual and half-year (May-October) values of SPEI showed a prevalence of droughts in the 80-ties and in the first decade of the 21st century while wet seasons were frequent in the 90-ties and in the second decade of the 21st century. Seasonal SPEIs were characteristic of great inter-annual variability. In MAM and JJA droughts were more frequent after 2000; in the same period in SON and DJF, the frequency of wet seasons increased. The most remarkable changes in the scale of the entire research period were estimated for autumn where negative values of SPEI occur more often in the first part of the period and positive values dominate in the last 20 years. The long-term course of the variables in subsequent seasons between 1979–2019 indicates strong relationships between the SPEI drought index and anomalies of precipitable water and somewhat weaker relationships with anomalies of sea level pressure.
Efficacy of the second COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in older persons
Authors: Mattiuzzi Camilla , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Purpose: We analyzed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine efficacy in older persons who received the second booster compared to unvaccinated people and those receiving only a single COVID-19 vaccine booster.
Methods: We collected information on vaccine efficacy from the ongoing Italian nationwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign in subjects aged 80 years or older from official data published by the Italian National Institute of Health.
Results: The second vaccine booster maintained high effectiveness against adverse COVID-19 outcomes such as hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death (i.e., between 77-86%), showing also around 10% higher efficacy than the single booster. Nonetheless, the efficacy of the second vaccine booster declined over time, decreasing by 33-46% when assessed at >120 days from administration.
Conclusions:The results of our ad interim analysis of the ongoing Italian nationwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign suggest that regular boosting with COVID-19 vaccines may be advisable in older persons.
The stress granule protein G3BP1 reduces the levels of polyglutamine proteins and alleviates spinocerebellar ataxia associated deficits
Authors: Koppenol Rebekah , Conceição André , Marcelo Adriana , Tomé Sandra , Côdesso José-Miguel , Mendonça Liliana , de Almeida Luis Pereira , Matos Carlos , Nóbrega Clévio
Published: November 2022

Polylgutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by abnormal expansion of CAG repeat tracts in the codifying regions of nine, otherwise unrelated, genes. While the protein products of these genes are suggested to play diverse cell roles, the pathogenic mutant proteins bearing an expanded polyQ sequence share a tendency to self-assemble, aggregate, and engage in abnormal molecular interactions. Understanding the shared paths that link polyQ protein expansion to the nervous system dysfunction and degeneration that takes place in these disorders is instrumental for identifying targets for therapeutic intervention. Among polyQ diseases, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) share many common aspects, including the fact that they involve the functional compromise of the cerebellum, resulting in the hallmark ataxic signs. Our work aimed at exploring a putative new therapeutic target for the two forms of SCA with higher worldwide prevalence, spinocerebellar ataxias type 2 (SCA2) and type 3 (SCA3), which are caused by expanded forms of ataxin-2 (ATXN2) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3), respectively. PolyQ disease pathophysiology has been described to involve an inability to properly respond to cell stress. Taking into consideration, we evaluated the ability of GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), an RNA-binding protein involved in RNA metabolism regulation and in stress responses, to counteract SCA2 and SCA3 pathology, using both in vitro and in vivo disease models. Our results indicate that G3BP1 overexpression in cell models leads to a reduction of ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation, associated with a decrease in protein expression. This protective effect of G3BP1 against polyQ protein aggregation was reinforced by the fact that silencing G3bp1 in the mouse brain increases human expanded ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation. Moreover, a decrease of G3BP1 levels was detected in cells derived from SCA2 and SCA3 patients, suggesting that G3BP1 function is compromised in the context of these diseases. In lentiviral models of SCA2 and SCA3, G3BP1 overexpression not only decreased protein aggregation but also contributed to the preservation of neuronal cells. Finally, in a SCA3 transgenic mouse model with a severe ataxic phenotype, G3BP1 lentiviral delivery to the cerebellum led to amelioration of several motor behavioral deficits. Overall, our results suggest that a decrease in G3BP1 levels may be a component of SCA2 and SCA3 pathophysiology, and that administration of this protein through viral vector-mediated delivery may constitute a putative approach to therapy for these diseases, and possibly other polyQ disorders.
Review on phytochemicals and biological activities of natural sweeteners Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Authors: HOSSAİN Md Amzad , AL HARTHY Said , SAİD AL TOUBY Salem
Published: November 2022

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that creates high blood sugar level. Therefore, diabetes awareness is necessary to prevent diabetes by reducing sugar intake and using low-calorie alternative sweeteners instead. Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinal plant species belonging to the Compositae family. It is a sweet herb that contains diterpene glycosides, which are directly responsible for the sweet taste, but they have no caloric value. Since ancient times, there have been several reports on the use of S. rebaudiana as an alternative sweetener and extended research has been conducted on its phytochemicals and biological activities. The plant contains a good number of phytochemicals with significant biological activities, namely polyphenolic derivatives, diterpenes glycosides, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, etc. For industrial use, those phytochemicals could be extracted from the selected plant and used for the preparation of nutraceuticals and food additives. S. rebaudiana is a natural herb; therefore, it has fewer or minimal adverse effects on human health. The selected plant in various forms is used for the treatment of diabetes, colon cancer, obesity, cavities, and others. However, the literature review shows that the information on this plant and its uses is not systematic. The purpose of the present review is to explore the status of phytochemicals and biological activities of the selected plant for young researchers. Therefore, the updated data will help them to develop new nutraceuticals and food additives that could help in the production of pharmaceuticals to treat different ailments.
Value Relevance, Sustainability Reporting Award, and Board Structure: An Influence and Analysis of Value Relevance
Authors: Florenzcia Yolanda , Juniarti Juniarti , Christiawan Yulius Jogi
Published: November 2022

Research on the relevance of the value of sustainability reporting as measured by the Sustainability Reporting Award (SRA) in Indonesia is still rarely studied. In Indonesia, many go-public companies have not realized the importance of reporting the environment and succeeded in getting the SRA due to the costs incurred in carrying out sustainability reporting activities in accordance with Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The research examined whether there was value relevance in sustainability reporting information and a role for the board structure in supporting companies to obtain awards or not. The research was conducted with six-year data, with a sample of 29 companies that had received SRA at least once from 2014 to 2019. Then, Ohlson’s model was used to measure the value relevance of accounting information and SR, which was seen through changes in R2. Board structure was proxied with board size, board independence, and board meeting. The test was conducted using SmartPLS. The research results indicate that information on obtaining the SRA does not have the added value relevance, as evidenced by the R2 value. It does not increase and has an insignificant relationship with stock prices. Meanwhile, the board structure that can influence the company in obtaining the SRA is only the independence of the board. The research contributes to showing the value relevance of accounting information and sustainability reporting observed through SRA in Indonesia. Besides that, observing the roles of board structure encourages sustainability reporting of a company in acquiring an SRA.
The Marketing Power of TikTok: A Content Analysis in Higher Education
Authors: Akbari Deni Adha , Jastacia Bella , Setiawan Edi , Widya Ningsih Dwi
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, social media is a common thing for every generation. Aside from entertainment and education, there are numerous business applications for this technology. By using social media, marketers can display their products in creative ways, such as creating videos. One of the most popular social media is TikTok. The research aimed to achieve more profound effects of TikTok for promoting higher education. The research applied a qualitative description by analyzing the content of a TikTok account (@uhamkapmb). Data were taken from the contents from August to October 2021. Then, the research calculated views, comments, likes, profile views, and video views of the contents and analyzed them. Supplementary, to evaluate @uhamkapmb’s TikTok account, the researchers shared surveys about customers’ satisfaction with the contents. The respondents were prospective and current students of UHAMKA with an age range of 18 to 25 years. Around 100 respondents were observed, and the data were processed using MS Excel. The result shows a significant increase in September (19.077,84) which is more than in August (6.941,42) and October (8.690,2) 2021. Moreover, the famous content of @uhamkapmb is re-registration. In addition, the customers agree that @uhamkapmb’s contents are already complete, precise, easy to reach, and interesting.
Leveraging COBIT 2019 to Implement IT Governance in SME Context: A Case Study of Higher Education in Campus A
Authors: Utomo Diana , Wijaya Mahaning , Suzanna Suzanna , Efendi Efendi , Sagala Noviyanti Tri Maretta
Published: November 2022

Achieving business and Information Technology (IT) alignment has become the aspiration of most organizations nowadays. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are not exempt as they also thrive to survive in a competitive market using IT. However, implementing all IT control and management components will be excessive, with a lack of justifiable cost-benefit for SMEs. A tailored governance system based on the specificities of SMEs is necessitated to help the organization to focus on its main objectives and strategies. By leveraging COBIT 2019 design toolkit, the researchers support Campus A in establishing healthy governance and IT management. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are applied to select relevant governance/ management objectives. The toolkit has been designed with a semi-automated quantitative approach in which users will get scoring for each objective based on the associated value inputted for each design factor. Through a series of discussions with the management team, it concludes the governance design and recommends several improvements to increase its capability level, from the current level of 1.05 (initial stage) to the desired level of 2.33 (repeatable stage). Then, since the toolkit is practical to use, it is also rigid by design with its predefined and protected formula. To some extent, the resulting score or importance level of certain governance/management objectives is questionable and lacks justification. Flags or indicators to ‘should-have’ governance/management objectives, regardless of the organization’s size and type, will be useful to prevent the omission of essential objectives.
A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Addressee Terms Found in Babad Banjoemas Wirjaatmadjan
Authors: Hadiati Chusni , Puspita Sari Rosdiana , Muttaqin Usep
Published: November 2022

The research aimed to explain the addressee term found in Babad Banjoemas Wirjaatmadjan from a sociolinguistic point of view. This chronicle employed various kinds of addressee terms in Banyumas society. The method used is descriptive qualitative as it analyzed the variety of addressee terms and the social context of their use in a chronicle. The research results show five classifications of addressee terms found in Babad Banjoemas Wirjaatmadjan. They are (1) addressee terms that are related to the Dutch military, (2) addressee terms that are related to the position in the Indonesian government, (3) addressee terms that are related to descendants, (4) addressee term that is related to an object or thing, and (5) addressee term that is related to religion. These addressee terms are influenced by social factors such as the position in government (superior or inferior) and the aristocratic descendant.
Characterizing the Ideal Audio-Visual Learning Content of Writing Course Learned in Distance
Authors: Patahuddin Patahuddin , Syawal Syawal , Esnara Chester , Abdullah Muhaimin
Published: November 2022

The research aimed to discuss the need for a learning tool that was capable of presenting audio and visual aids to accommodate students in learning writing. It was urgently needed as a logical consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disallowed face-to-face learning to be conducted. The research was conducted at the Department of English Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare, by utilizing a questionnaire to explore the characteristics of ideal writing material restricted to visual aids. The research was participated by the second and fourth-semester learners as the population and recruited the samples based on simple random sampling. Every individual in the population had an equal chance to be chosen as a sample. There were 30 undergraduate students who enrolled in basic writing and advanced writing courses who became the subject of the research. Based on the research findings, eight characteristics of good audio visuals are recommended by the students. Those characteristics include the visual and audio elements/items, creative and innovative content, language and expression, operations and mechanisms (various learning opportunities and preferences), and eye-catching form/shape/design, which deliver brief and clear learning material under several considerations. Furthermore, following the findings, it also indicates that the effectiveness of delivering audiovisual aids materials in the learning process depends on how clear the audiovisual item (i.e. the text and audio, how efficient the material and audiovisual durations provided, how interesting and well-organized the design to attract students’ learning intention, how good the visual quality and how the audiovisual) can be produced into a small size to minimize the use of internet data. The research concludes that audiovisual learning materials need to be selectively chosen and periodically and systematically evaluated to best facilitate students in dealing with writing.
Antioxidant Properties, Total Phenolic Content and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Mentha Pulegium, Lepidium Draba and Centaurea Solstitialis
Authors: NECİP Adem , DURGUN Mustafa
Published: November 2022

The Mentha pulegium, Lepidiıum draba and Centaurea solstitialis have traditionally been used in different cultures for the treatment of various diseases. We investigated the total phenolic content analysis, chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts such as acetone, methanol and n-hexane obtained from the aerial parts of Mentha pulegium, Lepidiıum draba and Centaurea. The amount of total phenolic substance was determined as gallic acid equivalent determine. Also, the LC-MS/MS technique was used to determine the phenolic profiles of each extract. Finally, antioxidant activities of three extracts were determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. The highest total phenolic content for acetone, n-hexane and methanol extracts was found as 99 507, 46 305, and 18 227 μg GAE mL-1 in Centaurea solstitialis plant, respectively. While the major component rosmarinic acid amount in the acetone extract of Mentha pulegium was 128 195 μg analyte g-1 extract, this amount was determined as 780 383 μg analyte g-1 extract in the methanolic extract. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in the acetone and methanolic extracts of Mentha pulegium as 77% and 79%, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity was also found to be 98% and 94% for Mentha pulegium in acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts is related to the total amount of phenolic substances.
The Regulatory Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Lnc SNHG4 in
Cancer
Authors: Nejatizadeh Abdol Azim , Pourghasem Navid , Ghorbanzadeh Shadi
Published: November 2022

Background:

LncRNAs have been reported to be involved in a variety of biological functions, including
gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. They may also serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressor
genes in diseases. lncRNAs that can encode small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been named small nucleolar
RNA host genes (SNHGs).

Objective:

In this review article, we readily review the regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance of Lnc
SNHG4 in cancer.

Methods:

We systematically investigated databases, like Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and
Cochrane Library database for all research articles, and have provided an overview regarding the biological
functions and mechanisms of lncRNA SNHG4 in tumorigenesis.

Results:

Compared to neighboring normal tissues, SNHG4 is significantly dysregulated in various tumor tissues.
SNHG4 upregulation is mainly associated with advanced tumor stage, tumor size, TNM stage, and decreased
overall survival. In addition, aberrant SNHG4 expression promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, migration,
and invasion of cancer cells.

Conclusion:

SNHG4 may serve as a new therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in patients with cancer.
Natural Products with BACE1 and GSK3β Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Prado Paulo Cézar , Lima Josélia Alencar , Hamerski Lidilhone , Rennó Magdalena Nascimento
Published: November 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative, progressive, and fatal disorder characterized
by marked atrophy of the cerebral cortex and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. The
main pathological features of AD are related to neuronal degeneration and include extracellular deposition
of amyloid beta plaques (Aβ plaques), intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs),
and neuroinflammation. So far, drugs used to treat AD have symptomatic and palliative pharmacological
effects, disappearing with continued use due to neuron degeneration and death. Therefore, there
are still problems with an effective drug for treating AD. Few approaches evaluate the action of natural
products other than alkaloids on the molecular targets of β-amyloid protein (Aβ protein) and/or tau
protein, which are important targets for developing neuroprotective drugs that will effectively contribute
to finding a prophylactic drug for AD. This review gathers and categorizes classes of natural products,
excluding alkaloids, which in silico analysis (molecular docking) and in vitro and/or in vivo assays
can inhibit the BACE1 and GSK-3β enzymes involved in AD.
EBV-microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in EBV-related Fever:
A Narrative Review
Authors: Wang Wei-ting , Yang Yun , Zhang Yang , Le Yi-ning , Wu Yu-lin , Liu Yi-yi , Tu Yan-jie
Published: November 2022

At present, timely and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of Epstein-
Barr Virus (EBV) infection-associated fever remain a difficult challenge. EBV encodes
44 mature microRNAs (miRNAs) that inhibit viral lysis, adjust inflammatory response,
regulate cellular apoptosis, promote tumor genesis and metastasis, and regulate
tumor cell metabolism. Herein, we have collected the specific expression data of
EBV-miRNAs in EBV-related fevers, including infectious mononucleosis (IM), EBVassociated
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), chronic active EBV infection
(CAEBV), and EBV-related tumors, and proposed the potential value of EBVmiRNAs
as biomarkers to assist in the identification, diagnosis, and prognosis of EBVrelated
fever, as well as therapeutic targets for drug development.
Roseola Infantum: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander Kwok-Chu , Lam Joseph Ming-Chee , Barankin Benjamin , Leong Kin Fon , Hon Kam Lun
Published: November 2022

Background:

Roseola infantum is a common viral disease that occurs during childhood worldwide.

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of roseola infantum.

Methods:

A search was conducted in April, 2022, in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key terms "roseola infantum" OR “exanthem subitum” OR “sixth disease”. The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article.

Results:

Roseola infantum is a viral illness characterized by high fever that lasts 3 to 4 days, fol-lowed by the sudden appearance of rash at defervescence. The disease occurs most frequently in children between 6 months and 2 years of age. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is the major cause of roseola infantum, followed by HHV-7. Transmission of the infection most likely results from the asymptomatic shedding of the virus in the saliva of the caregivers or other close contacts. Charac-teristically, the rash is discrete, rose-pink in color, circular or elliptical, macular or maculopapular, measuring 2 to 3 mm in diameter. The eruption is first seen on the trunk. It then spreads to the neck and proximal extremities. Typically, the rash blanches on pressure and subsides in 2 to 4 days with-out sequelae. Most children look well otherwise and appear to be happy, active, alert, and playful. The diagnosis is mainly clinical. Febrile seizures occur in 10 to 15 % of children with roseola infan-tum during the febrile period. In general, serious complications are rare and occur more often in in-dividuals who are immunocompromised. There is no specific treatment. An antipyretic may be used to reduce fever and discomfort.

Conclusion:

Roseola infantum is generally a benign and self-limited disease. Failure to recognize this condition may result in undue parental fear, unnecessary investigations, delay in treatment for conditions that mimic roseola infantum and complications from roseola infantum, unnecessary treatment of roseola infantum per se, and misuse of healthcare expenditure.
Association of Gut Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sowmiya T.  , Silambanan Santhi
Published: November 2022

Diabetes mellitus has been a common metabolic disorder in recent years across the
world. It has affected approximately 463 million people worldwide, which has tripled in the last
two decades. It has been forecasted to show an upward trend through 2030 and 2045 in China, India, and the United States. Few studies have been done to assess the impact of gut microbiota on
human health. Diabetes mellitus is found to have an association with gut microbiota. Few animal
studies are available linking the alteration of gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus. Probiotics have
been found to have anti-diabetic properties. If diabetes is treated with diet modification in addition
to drugs, it could change the spectrum of intestinal bacteria by boosting commensal bacteria and
decreasing the harmful bacteria in the microbiome population of the gastrointestinal tract, which is
highly beneficial. This could aid diabetics in managing diabetes mellitus and its complications effectively. This review has been undertaken to address the management of diabetes mellitus with a
focus on the gut microbiome in addition to antidiabetic medications.
Investigation of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Ni-Co
and MWCNT Nanocomposites
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Majid , Gharaati Abdolrasoul , Jangjoo Alireza , Rezazadeh Hamed
Published: November 2022

Background:

In recent years, severe electromagnetic interference among electronic devices
has been caused by the unprecedented growth of communication systems. Therefore, microwave absorbing
materials are required to relieve these problems by absorbing the unwanted microwave. In the
design of microwave absorbers, magnetic nanomaterials have to be used as fine particles dispersed in
an insulating matrix. Besides the intrinsic properties of these materials, the structure and morphology
are also crucial to the microwave absorption performance of the composite. In this study, Ni-Co-
MWCNT composites were synthesized, and the changes in electric permittivity, magnetic permeability,
and reflectance loss of the samples were evaluated at frequencies of 2 to 18 GHz.

Methods:

Nickel-Cobalt-Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) composites were successfully synthesized
by the co-precipitation chemical method. The structural, morphological, and magnetic properties
of the samples were characterized and investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer
(VSM), and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).

Results:

The results revealed that the Ni-Co-MWCNT composite has the highest electromagnetic wave
absorption rate with a reflectance loss of -70.22 dB at a frequency of 10.12 GHz with a thickness of 1.8
mm. The adequate absorption bandwidth (RL <-10 dB) was 6.9 GHz at the high-frequency region, exhibiting
excellent microwave absorbing properties as a good microwave absorber patent.

Conclusion:

Based on this study, it can be argued that the Ni-Co-MWCNT composite can be a good
candidate for making light absorbers of radar waves at frequencies 2- 18 GHz.
Identity and Sports Marketing in Africa: A General Review
Authors: Okpalaoka Chijindu , Olaniyi Keziah
Published: November 2022

Background:

Sports marketing is distinct from other consumer products, and that producers of sport experience cannot foresee the outcome, certain events are unpredictable, and results are unknown.

Aim:

The study purpose was to examine and review identity and sports marketing in Africa.

Methods:

The study used qualitative data and relevant literature reviews, using past literally works and secondary data.

Results:

The study showed that the distinction between personal and social identity is frequently misleading, hiding both the parallels and linkages between two ostensibly different levels of identity. Moreover, the sports sector has the potential to contribute to Africa's industrial prosperity significantly. Findings of these results related to personal (self) and social identity and other practical implications are discussed.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that positive self-identity helps African athletes to have a positive image about themselves which enhances their sporting performance, thereby leading to sporting progress in Africa.
Verification by the prosecutor of compliance with the requirements of the law when resolving the issue of refusal to initiate criminal proceedings
Authors:   Magomedrasul M. Abdullaev Dagestan State University, Abdullaev Magomedrasul M. , Abdullaev Eldar M. ,   Eldar M. Abdullaev Prosecutor's office of Levashinsky district of the Republic of Dagestan
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the issues of the implementation of prosecutorial inspections of compliance with the requirements of the law when the bodies of preliminary investigation make a procedural decision to refuse to initiate criminal proceedings. It reveals the basic, fundamental concepts on the issues of prosecutorial inspections, raises some of the most pressing problems today. In particular, attention is paid to the subtleties of prosecutorial checks when checking decisions on refusal to initiate criminal proceedings on reports of crimes committed in the field of entrepreneurship, ways to strengthen prosecutorial supervision in this area. Both positive and negative examples of interdepartmental interaction of the prosecutor's office with the bodies of pre-liminary investigation and inquiry are also considered. The relevant statistical information of both the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Dagestan and the investigative Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Dagestan is provided on these issues. The authors come to the conclusion that the protection of the rights of victims of crimes, the restoration of the violated security of society, the violated interests of the state are extremely important and responsible tasks assigned to the prosecutor by law. Accordingly, the prosecutor is obliged to act proactively, clearly and clearly indicate his legal position on certain issues, orienting other law enforcement agencies accordingly to specific actions.
Organizational and legal issues of conducting a human rights examination of normative legal acts and their projects
Authors:   Azadi T. Raghimov Dagestan State University, Raghimov Azadi T.
Published: November 2022

The author attempts to substantiate the relevance of scientific study of the problems of introduction into legal practice, conducting a human rights examination of normative legal acts and their projects. This article is a continuation of his research on scientific and methodological aspects of human rights relations. In this regard, the methodological basis of the study uses a provision characterizing the essential legal relationship between a person and the state, based on the human right to the protection of the law. It is this moment that is proposed to be considered as the subject of a human rights examination of normative legal acts and their projects.
Self-defense and its institutions in the mechanism of realization of the constitutional right to the free use of one's abilities and property for entrepreneurial activity
Authors:   Irina N. Akhmetova East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Akhmetova Irina N.
Published: November 2022

The right to freely use one's abilities and property to carry out entrepreneurial activity, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, imposes on the State the obligation to create favorable conditions for a market economy. Constructive dialogue and joint efforts on the part of the state and the business community ensure the adoption of legitimate decisions, stimulate entrepreneurial activity. The business protection tools available today are the key to the development of the economy and competition in the country. Self-defense is one of the ways in which entrepreneurs can quickly and effectively restore violated rights and interests. The article is devoted to the analysis of actual means of self-defense (legal services, arbitration proceedings, compliance management, mediation, etc.) used by persons exercising the constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity
Codeveloping and Evaluating a Campaign to Reduce Dementia Misconceptions on Twitter: Machine Learning Study
Authors: Erturk Sinan , Hudson Georgie , Jansli Sonja M , Morris Daniel , Odoi Clarissa M , Wilson Emma , Clayton-Turner Angela , Bray Vanessa , Yourston Gill , Cornwall Andrew , Cummins Nicholas , Wykes Til , Jilka Sagar
Published: November 2022

Background

Dementia misconceptions on Twitter can have detrimental or harmful effects. Machine learning (ML) models codeveloped with carers provide a method to identify these and help in evaluating awareness campaigns.

Objective

This study aimed to develop an ML model to distinguish between misconceptions and neutral tweets and to develop, deploy, and evaluate an awareness campaign to tackle dementia misconceptions.

Methods

Taking 1414 tweets rated by carers from our previous work, we built 4 ML models. Using a 5-fold cross-validation, we evaluated them and performed a further blind validation with carers for the best 2 ML models; from this blind validation, we selected the best model overall. We codeveloped an awareness campaign and collected pre-post campaign tweets (N=4880), classifying them with our model as misconceptions or not. We analyzed dementia tweets from the United Kingdom across the campaign period (N=7124) to investigate how current events influenced misconception prevalence during this time.

Results

A random forest model best identified misconceptions with an accuracy of 82% from blind validation and found that 37% of the UK tweets (N=7124) about dementia across the campaign period were misconceptions. From this, we could track how the prevalence of misconceptions changed in response to top news stories in the United Kingdom. Misconceptions significantly rose around political topics and were highest (22/28, 79% of the dementia tweets) when there was controversy over the UK government allowing to continue hunting during the COVID-19 pandemic. After our campaign, there was no significant change in the prevalence of misconceptions.

Conclusions

Through codevelopment with carers, we developed an accurate ML model to predict misconceptions in dementia tweets. Our awareness campaign was ineffective, but similar campaigns could be enhanced through ML to respond to current events that affect misconceptions in real time.
Efficient integrated analytical method for incomplete omics data: novel training strategy (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Hyeon Su , Hong Seung Hwan , Kim Gwan Heon , Kim June Hyuk , You Hye Jin , Lee Eun-Young , Jeong Jaehwan , Ahn Jinwoo
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Rapid technological advances have increased the diversity of omics data. In addition, technological advances and improvements in information-processing capacity have made integrated analyses (multi-omics) of different omics data types possible. Although multi-omics models are more advantageous for target discovery and clinical diagnosis than single-omics models, efficiency and performance are limited by data-handling steps, such as the need to change the model structure when a new omics data type is added and variation in available data among samples.

OBJECTIVE

This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence (AI) model and learning strategies for the use of incomplete datasets, which are common in omics research. The following goals were set: 1) to design a single AI model that can analyze both complete and incomplete data, 2) to design an AI model that can infer missing omics data by learning from partial omics data as input, and 3) to compare the proposed novel approach with previous methods that do not allow the use of incomplete data.

METHODS

The proposed model consists of two key components: (1) a multi-omics generative model based on the variational auto-encoder (VAE) that can learn genetic patterns in tumors based on different omics data types, and (2) an expanded classification model that can predict cancer phenotypes. In addition, padding was applied to replace missing omics data in each sample and generate virtual data.

RESULTS

The embedding data generated by the proposed model has three characteristics. First, its accuracy for classifying various cancer phenotypes (cancer type, sample type, and primary site) was high, addressing the class imbalance problem (cancer type weighted F1 score > 95%). Second, the virtual omics data generated by the model resembled the actual omics data (mean absolute error < 0.09). Third, the performance for classifying cancer phenotypes was higher for the model that could learn from incomplete data and complete data than for the model that could learn from complete data alone(primary site weighted F1 score: 0.0113 improvement).

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed novel model was capable of utilizing incomplete omics data. This showed good classification performance for cancer phenotypes and effective data construction in cases of missing omics data. Thus, overcoming data limitations, generating omics data through deep learning, and contributing to the realization of precision medicine. The model can be expanded to any omics data type for cancer, in addition to the data types evaluated in this study, suggesting that model performance can be further improved.