bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution
Authors: SOARES KARLA D. A. , CARVALHO MARCELO R. DE
Published: May 2019

The catshark genus Scyliorhinus belongs to the family Scyliorhinidae, the most diverse family of sharks, and currently presents 16 valid species according to most modern accounts. The long history of taxonomic rearrangements and inaccurate descriptions of many species have contributed to misidentification of specimens and lack of information on the distributional range and diagnostic characters of its species. Species of Scyliorhinus are reviewed and redescribed here, with detailed descriptions on external morphology, neurocranium, claspers, dermal denticles, and tooth morphology provided for the first time for all species. Sixteen species are recognized as valid: Scyliorhinus boa (Goode & Bean, 1896), S. cabofriensis Soares, Gomes & de Carvalho, 2016, S. canicula (Linnaeus, 1758), S. capensis (Müller & Henle, 1838), S. cervigoni Maurin & Bonnet, 1970, S. comoroensis Compagno, 1988, S. duhamelii (Garman, 1913), S. garmani (Fowler, 1934), S. haeckelii (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), S. hesperius Springer, 1966, S. meadi Springer, 1966, S. retifer (Garman, 1881), S. stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758), S. torazame (Tanaka, 1908), S. torrei Howell-Rivero, 1936, and S. ugoi Soares, Gomes & Gadig, 2015. The main taxonomic decisions herein taken include the resurrection of S. duhamelii (previously a junior synonym of S. canicula) and the synonimization of S. tokubee with S. torazame. Information on geographic distribution was updated for most species, especially for those with wide ranges (S. canicula, S. haeckelii, S. retifer, and S. stellaris).
Choice and the impact of changes to Sunday premiums in the Australian retail and hospitality industries
Authors: Peetz David , Bruynius Scott , Murray Georgina
Published: May 2019

We assess the effects of reductions in wage premiums (‘penalty rates’) for Sunday work and some of the ideas underpinning them, first by reference to evidence from official and other quantitative data about its likely impact, and second by reference to qualitative data concerning the nature of the choices available to Sunday workers in those industries. We investigate who retail and hospitality employees are (e.g. are they mostly students who can ‘afford’ a cut in penalty rates?). We then find significant and widespread income losses arising from cuts to penalty rates, even after allowing for contested employment gains, though we cannot quantify all possibilities, such as the potential effects of ‘loaded rates’ (though if implemented these would intensify losses for people working public holidays or Sundays). Many workers in retail and hospitality were under financial pressure, had little ‘control’ or found Sunday work difficult, but some were concerned about the effects of refusing Sunday work. Our study has implications for the meaning of ‘choice’ and contributes to understanding uncertainty regarding labour supply behaviour amongst low-income workers.
Organ Function Preservation Failure after (Chemo)Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Heukelom Jolien , Navran Arash , Gouw Zeno A. R. , Tesselaar Margot E. , Zuur Charlotte L. , van Werkhoven Erik , Sonke Jan‐Jakob , Rasch Coen R. N. , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim
Published: May 2019

Objective

The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence of organ function preservation failure (OFPF) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated by (chemo)radiotherapy and to identify its risk factors.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting

Tertiary cancer care center.

Subjects and Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort analysis was done (n = 703) in which OFPF after (chemo)radiotherapy was assessed. OFPF was defined as local failure or pure functional failure in the absence of local failure because of major surgical intervention (total laryngectomy, commando resection, permanent tracheostomy) or feeding tube dependence >2 years.

Results

OFPF occurred in 153 patients (21.8%). Reasons for OFPF were local failure in 103 patients (14.6%) and functional failure in 50 patients (7.2%). Evidence of functional failure included need for total laryngectomy (n = 9, 1.3%), commando resection (n = 2, 0.3%), permanent tracheostomy (n = 16, 2.3%), and/or long‐term feeding tube for functional reasons (n = 23, 3.3%). In a Cox proportional hazards model, OFPF was worse for patients with T4 tumors (hazard ratio [HR] <0.5 and P <. 001 for all other stages), for laryngeal vs oropharyngeal cancer (HR, 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20‐2.79, P =. 005, hypopharyngeal not significant), and for smokers (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.10‐2.56, P =. 015). Exploratory multivariate analysis by tumor site showed that T4 tumor and pretreatment tracheostomy were the strongest predictive factors for OFPF in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma while T4 tumor and smoking were predictive for poor OFPF in oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Conclusion

This work shows a detrimental effect of smoking on functional outcomes after (chemo‐)radiotherapy for HNSCC. Moreover, T4 tumor, laryngeal subsite, and pretreatment tracheostomy are strong predictors of OFPF.
Feasibility of High‐Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging for Obtaining Ear Impressions for Hearing Aid Fitting
Authors: Chen Chin‐Kuo , Hsieh Li‐Chun , Chiang Yuan‐Chuan , Cheng Wei‐De
Published: May 2019

Objective

This study investigated the feasibility of obtaining ear impressions for hearing aids by using 3‐dimensional high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images.

Study Design

Case series.

Setting

One referral tertiary center.

Subjects and Methods

Hearing‐impaired adults who were fitted with 1 or 2 behind‐the‐ear hearing aid(s) and had undergone temporal bone HRCT for various ear pathologies were enrolled in this study. Earmolds were fabricated from the impressions obtained using the conventional ear canal silicone injection technique and the HRCT reconstructed technique. Outer ear canal resonance frequencies and amplitude in open ears and those measured with silicon and HRCT reconstructed earmolds were determined through real‐ear gain measurements, including real‐ear unaided gain (REUG) and real‐ear occluded gain (REOG), for comparison.

Results

A total of 50 HRCT reconstructed earmolds were compared with 50 conventional silicon injection earmolds. The average value of open ear canal resonance amplitude (REUG) for each ear was 0.41 to 16.76 dB. No statistically significant difference in resonance amplitude (REOG) was observed between silicon and reconstructed earmolds (paired t test, P >. 05). The mean insertion loss (REOG‐REUG) at all frequencies also did not differ significantly between the two earmolds (paired t test, P >. 05).

Conclusion

According to our real‐ear measurements, acoustic characteristics of the HRCT reconstructed earmolds were compatible with those of the silicone injection earmolds. Despite concerns about increased cost and radiation exposure, the HRCT reconstructed technique is a clinically useful and applicable method and can reduce potential safety complications for difficult cases.
Effectiveness and safety of interferon α2a as an add-on treatment for refractory Behçet’s uveitis
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhao Chan , Zhou Jiaxin , Liu Jinjing , Wang Li , Gao Fei , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Meifen , Zheng Wenjie
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of interferon (IFN) α2a as an add-on treatment for refractory Behçet’s uveitis (BU).

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, 30 refractory BU patients who received IFNα2a treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between February 2015 and June 2018 were consecutively included. IFNα2a was used mainly as an add-on treatment for BU patients who underwent relapse under corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents. The primary outcome was treatment success rate before and after initiation of IFNα2a. Changes in ocular relapse rates, disease activity, corticosteroid- and immunosuppressant-sparing effects, as well as side effects were secondary outcomes.

Results:

A total of 30 patients (27 males and 3 females) with a mean age of 30.5 ± 8.7 years were included. Twenty-one patients (70%) were treated with at least 2 immunosuppressive agents before the initiation of IFNα2a. Treatment success was achieved in 26 patients (86.7%), and the median uveitis relapse rate decreased from 7.3 (range 2–12) to 0 (range 0–6) per patient-year ( p = 0.000002) during a mean follow-up of 21.7 ± 7.5 months, corticosteroids were lowered in 25 cases (83.3%) and completely withdrawn in four (13.3%). In addition, immunosuppressive agents were reduced in number and dosage in 22 (73.3%) and 29 patients (96.7%), respectively, and were completely withdrawn in 12 cases (40%). No severe adverse events were observed and serum autoantibodies remained negative during the treatment of IFNα2a.

Conclusion:

IFNα2a is effective and relatively safe in refractory BU, with significant steroid- and immunosuppressant-sparing effects.
Recent advances in synthetic pharmacotherapies for dyslipidaemias
Authors: Sirtori Cesare R , Yamashita Shizuya , Greco Maria Francesca , Corsini Alberto , Watts Gerald F , Ruscica Massimiliano
Published: May 2019

Despite the demonstrated benefits of statins and injectable biologics, there is a need for new and safe oral agents for addressing classical lipid targets, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). LDL-C is unquestionably causal in the development of atherogenesis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but new options are required to address triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a). For hypercholesterolaemia, pitavastatin provides a very low dose and potent statin that does not adversely affect glucose metabolism; bempedoic acid acts at a biochemical step preceding hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and is not associated with muscular side effects. For hypertriglyceridaemia, pemafibrate displays a unique and selective agonist activity on peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-α that does not elevate homocysteine or creatinine. Although omega-3 fatty acids supplementation is not effective in secondary prevention, high dose eicosapentaenoic ethyl ester can lead to a remarkable fall in first and recurrent events in high risk patients with hypertriglyceridaemia/low HDL-C. Gemcabene, a dicarboxylic acid regulating apolipoprotein B-100, is effective in reducing both cholesterol and triglycerides. Among cholesteryl ester transfer protein antagonists that elevate HDL-C, only anacetrapib reduces cardiovascular events. Probucol stimulates reverse cholesteryl ester transport, lowers LDL-C stabilizing plaques and may lower incidence of cardiovascular events. These agents, which act through novel mechanisms, afford good and potentially safe treatment choices that may increase adherence and the attainment of therapeutic targets.
An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of the pregnane X receptor gene isoforms PXR1 and PXR3
Authors: Alleyne Jerusalem
Published: May 2019

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor (NR) that primarily activates genes involved in drug metabolism. However, PXR also suppresses inflammation. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of PXR1 and the minor isoform PXR3. Luciferase reporter experiments showed that like wtPXR1, PXR1 mutants and wtPXR3 that are transcriptionally inactive suppressed pro-inflammatory gene expression. This suggests that PXR uses distinct regions and by extension mechanisms to induce and repress gene induction. This study hypothesised that PXR represses inflammation via a mechanism called transrepression. One crucial feature of transrepression is conjugation with Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) proteins. Pull-down assays showed that both wtPXR1 and wtPXR3 are targets for conjugation with SUMO1, –2 and –3 proteins. The mutagenesis of putative SUMO conjugation sites revealed that residues K170 and K108 within PXR1 and PXR3, respectively, are important for their transrepressive activity. Collectively, these findings provide further insight into the anti-inflammatory properties of PXR.
Early vs Delayed Weightbearing After Microfracture of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Deal J. Banks , Patzkowski Jeanne C. , Groth Adam T. , Ryan Paul M. , Dowd Thomas C. , Osborn Patrick M. , Anderson Claude D. , Ficke James R. , Kirk Kevin L.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are common injuries in young, active patients. Microfracture is an effective treatment for lesions less than 150 mm2 in size. Most commonly employed postoperative protocols involve delaying weightbearing for 6 to 8 weeks (DWB), though one study suggests that early weightbearing (EWB) may not be detrimental to patient outcomes. The goal of this research is to compare outcomes following EWB and DWB protocols after microfracture for OLTs.

Methods:

We performed a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial of subjects with unilateral, primary, unifocal OLTs treated with microfracture. Thirty-eight subjects were randomized into EWB (18 subjects) and DWB (20 subjects) at their first postsurgical visit. The EWB group began unrestricted WB at that time, whereas the DWB group were instructed to remain strictly nonweightbearing for an additional 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery (AAOS) Foot and Ankle score and numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score.

Results:

The EWB group demonstrated significant improvement in AAOS Foot and Ankle Questionnaire scores at the 6-week follow-up appointment as compared to the DWB group (83.1 ± 13.5 vs 68.7 ± 15.8, P = .017). Following this point, there were no significant differences in AAOS scores between groups. At no point were NRS pain scores significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions:

EWB after microfracture for OLTs was associated with improved AAOS scores in the short term. Thereafter and through 2 years’ follow-up, no statistically significant differences were seen between EWB and DWB groups.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective randomized trial.
Mutational landscape of the transcriptome offers putative targets for immunotherapy of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Schischlik Fiorella , Jäger Roland , Rosebrock Felix , Hug Eva , Schuster Michael , Holly Raimund , Fuchs Elisabeth , Milosevic Feenstra Jelena D. , Bogner Edith , Gisslinger Bettina , Schalling Martin , Rumi Elisa , Pietra Daniela , Fischer Gottfried , Faé Ingrid , Vulliard Loan , Menche Jörg , Haferlach Torsten , Meggendorfer Manja , Stengel Anna , Bock Christoph , Cazzola Mario , Gisslinger Heinz , Kralovics Robert
Published: May 2019

Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematological cancers that can be subdivided into entities with distinct clinical features. Somatic mutations in JAK2, CALR, and MPL have been described as drivers of the disease, together with a variable landscape of nondriver mutations. Despite detailed knowledge of disease mechanisms, targeted therapies effective enough to eliminate MPN cells are still missing. In this study of 113 MPN patients, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the mutational landscape of the granulocyte transcriptome using RNA sequencing data and subsequently examine the applicability of immunotherapeutic strategies for MPN patients. Following implementation of customized workflows and data filtering, we identified a total of 13 (12/13 novel) gene fusions, 231 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants, and 21 insertions and deletions in 106 of 113 patients. We found a high frequency of SF3B1-mutated primary myelofibrosis patients (14%) with distinct 3′ splicing patterns, many of these with a protein-altering potential. Finally, from all mutations detected, we generated a virtual peptide library and used NetMHC to predict 149 unique neoantigens in 62% of MPN patients. Peptides from CALR and MPL mutations provide a rich source of neoantigens as a result of their unique ability to bind many common MHC class I molecules. Finally, we propose that mutations derived from splicing defects present in SF3B1-mutated patients may offer an unexplored neoantigen repertoire in MPNs. We validated 35 predicted peptides to be strong MHC class I binders through direct binding of predicted peptides to MHC proteins in vitro. Our results may serve as a resource for personalized vaccine or adoptive cell–based therapy development.
Psychosocial factors at work, personality traits and depressive symptoms
Authors: Paterniti S. , Niedhammer I. , Lang T. , Consoli S. M.
Published: May 2019

Background

An association between stressful job conditions and depressive symptoms has been reported. This association could be explained by personality traits.

Aims

To examine the relationship between psychosocial factors at work and changes in depressive symptoms, taking into account personality traits.

Method

The role of occupational characteristics, psychosocial stress and personality traits in predicting an increase of depressive symptoms was evaluated in 7729 men and 2790 women working at the French National Electricity and Gas Company, with a 3-year follow-up.

Results

In men, high decision latitude was predictive of a decrease in the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies — Depression scale (CES-D) scores. In both genders, high job demands and low social support at work were predictive of increased scores, irrespective of personality traits and covariates.

Conclusions

Adverse psychosocial work conditions are predictors of depressive symptom worsening, independent of personality traits.
The Travesti Critique of the Gender Identity Law in Argentina
Authors: De Mauro Rucovsky Martín , Russell Ian
Published: May 2019

This article reviews the immediate travesti critique of the Argentine Gender Identity Law (law 26,743) in May 2012. Based on what was developed by Marlene Wayar, as an example of sudaca criticism and internal blasphemy, the travesti critique points out that the law does not recognize the specificity of the transvestite identity or its patent inequality, and it reintroduces the binary man/woman categories because it is capable of sanctioning only on the basis of a general population and within a liberal framework of state recognition. In this article the travesti critique of the Gender Identity Law is taken up to indicate a terrain of interrogations and challenges where the law becomes an instance of politicization, that is, where it becomes a field of strategic action and agency, but also a social tool and an instance of resistance, rejoinder, and reply.
Giuseppe Campuzano's Afterlife
Authors: Machuca Rose Malú
Published: May 2019

The following hybrid essay contributes to, as well as complicates, the afterlife of Giuseppe Campuzano's work on travesti as methodology and offers questions raised from community organizing and collective care in order to claim a legacy of travesti as curandera (healer). This is made evident as the essay weaves through an affective history of AIDS-related struggles in life and death and the networks of care they invoke, including Campuzano's own, in order to move through questions of need, desire, collaboration, and urgency for gender and sexual dissidents in the Global South. These reflections result in a specific theorizing that challenges traditional forms knowledge production and creates possibilities through which to enact queer futures that enhance our commitment to one another's survival.
Live imaging of ERK signalling dynamics in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Deathridge Julia , Antolović Vlatka , Parsons Maddy , Chubb Jonathan R.
Published: May 2019

Stimulation of the ERK/MAPK pathway is required for the exit from pluripotency and onset of differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The dynamic behaviour of ERK activity in individual cells during this transition is unclear. Using a FRET-based biosensor, we monitored ERK signalling dynamics of single mouse ESCs during differentiation. ERK activity was highly heterogeneous, with considerable variability in ERK signalling between single cells within ESC colonies. Different triggers of differentiation induced distinct ERK activity profiles. Surprisingly, the dynamic features of ERK signalling were not strongly coupled to loss of pluripotency marker expression, regardless of the differentiation stimulus, suggesting the normal dynamic range of ERK signalling is not rate-limiting in single cells during differentiation. ERK signalling dynamics were sensitive to the degree of cell crowding and were similar in neighbouring cells. Sister cells from a mitotic division also showed more similar ERK activity, an effect that was apparent whether cells remained adjacent or moved apart after division. These data suggest a combination of cell lineage and niche contributes to the absolute level of ERK signalling in mouse ESCs.
Effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on striatal metabolic connectivity in a rat hemiparkinsonian model
Authors: Apetz Nadine , Kordys Elena , Simon Mascha , Mang Britta , Aswendt Markus , Wiedermann Dirk , Neumaier Bernd , Drzezga Alexander , Timmermann Lars , Endepols Heike
Published: May 2019

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been successfully used for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease, although the underlying mechanisms are complex and not well understood. There are conflicting results about the effects of STN-DBS on neuronal activity of the striatum, and its impact on functional striatal connectivity is entirely unknown. We therefore investigated how STN-DBS changes cerebral metabolic activity in general and striatal connectivity in particular. We used ipsilesional STN stimulation in a hemiparkinsonian rat model in combination with [18F]FDOPA-PET, [18F]FDG-PET and metabolic connectivity analysis. STN-DBS reversed ipsilesional hypometabolism and contralesional hypermetabolism in hemiparkinsonian rats by increasing metabolic activity in the ipsilesional ventrolateral striatum and by decreasing it in the contralesional hippocampus and brainstem. Other STN-DBS effects were subject to the magnitude of dopaminergic lesion severity measured with [18F]FDOPA-PET, e.g. activation of the infralimbic cortex was negatively correlated to lesion severity. Connectivity analysis revealed that, in healthy control animals, left and right striatum formed a bilateral functional unit connected by shared cortical afferents, which was less pronounced in hemiparkinsonian rats. The healthy striatum was metabolically connected to the ipsilesional substantia nigra in hemiparkinsonian rats only (OFF condition). STN-DBS (ON condition) established a new functional striatal network, in which interhemispheric striatal connectivity was strengthened, and both the dopamine-depleted and the healthy striatum were functionally connected to the healthy substantia nigra. We conclude that both unilateral dopamine depletion and STN-DBS affect the whole brain and alter complex interhemispheric networks.
Effects of temperature and salinity on body fluid dynamics and metabolism in the estuarine Diamond-backed Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)
Authors: Williard Amanda Southwood , Harden Leigh Anne , Jones T. Todd , Midway Stephen R.
Published: May 2019

The diamondback terrapin is the only temperate turtle species that exclusively inhabits estuarine habitats. Morphological, behavioral and physiological features contribute to the terrapin's ability to regulate body fluid osmotic pressure in a euryhaline environment. Low integument permeability combined with aquatic-terrestrial shuttling behavior limits passive exchange of water and salts with the environment, and terrapins regulate active uptake of salts via alterations in drinking and feeding behavior. The lachrymal salt gland facilitates excretion of excess sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions through active transport mechanisms. We investigated body fluid dynamics, oxygen consumption (V̇O2), and osmotic status of terrapins exposed to an acute increase in salinity (12 to 35 psu) at 10°C and 25°C to gain insight into the relative importance of behavioral vs. physiological osmoregulatory adjustments over a range of seasonally-relevant temperatures. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of experimental temperature, salinity, and mass. Overall, temperature effects were stronger than salinity effects. Terrapins acclimated to 25°C had significantly lower blood osmolality and Na+, and higher water turnover rates, daily water flux (DWF), and V̇O2 compared with terrapins acclimated to 10°C. Salinity effects were restricted to DWF, which significantly decreased in response to acute exposure to 35 psu. Our results support the notion that behavioral adjustments predominate in the osmoregulatory strategy of terrapins.
Single molecule chromogenic in situ hybridization assay for RNA visualization in fixed cells and tissues
Authors: Jiang Meng , Liu Ling , Hong Chengye , Chen Debo , Yao Xihu , Chen Xiaoyuan , Lin Chen , Ke Rongqin
Published: May 2019

Visualization of gene expression at single RNA molecular level represents a great challenge to both imaging technologies and molecular engineering. Here we show a single molecule chromogenic in situ hybridization (smCISH) assay that enables counting and localizing individual RNA molecules in fixed cells and tissue under bright-field microscopy. Our method is based on in situ padlock probe assays directly using RNA as a ligation template and rolling circle amplification combined with enzyme catalyzed chromogenic reaction for amplification product visualization. We show potential applications of our method by detecting gene expression variations in single cells, subcellular localization information of expressed genes, and gene expression heterogeneity in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. This facile and straightforward method can in principle be applied to any type of RNA molecules in different samples.
Correlation between Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile in patients with Type 2 Diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar
Authors: Hussain Arshad , Ali Iftikhar , Kaleem Waqar Ahmad , Yasmeen Fatima
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) attending a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.

Methods: A total of 305 patients (men, 132; women, 173) with T2DM visiting an Outpatient department in Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar from January 2016 to July 2016 were included in this study. The whole blood and sera were analyzed for Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGs), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).The correlation of BMI with lipid ratios and individual lipid indices were analysed.

Results: Mean of BMI was 29.29±5.23. Dyslipidemia; increased TC, increased LDL-C, increased triglyceride and decreased HDL-C were noted in 40.7%, 54.1%, 69.5% and 41% respectively. The mean difference of LDL-C (p=0.006) was significant between male and female. BMI, TC, TGs, and LDL-C showed no significant correlation where as a significant negative correlation between BMI and HDL-C was observed(r=-0.125, p=0.029, R2=0.016). The mean values of TC, TG, LDL-C, TC/ HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were greater in patients with normal BMI compared to overweight and obese; however, the differences were not significant. HDL-C differed significantly in BMI groups (p=0.040).

Conclusion: A significant negative correlation between BMI and HDL-C was observed, while the correlation between BMI and LDL-C was observed to be insignificant. HDL-C was found significantly higher in patients with normal BMI. These results are important to indicate that there is modest impact of BMI on lipid profile. Therefore, assessment and management for altered blood lipids should not be based on a patient’s body weight or BMI.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.7

How to cite this:Hussain A, Ali I, Kaleem WA, Yasmeen F. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile in patients with Type 2 Diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):591-597. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.7

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dynamic stagnation: reasons for contraceptive non-use in context of fertility stall
Authors: Jadhav Apoorva , Short Fabic Madeleine
Published: May 2019

Background: While most countries have experienced reductions in the total fertility rate (TFR), there are countries where the fertility transition has not begun and others where the fertility transition has stalled with TFR still well above replacement level.  We use these contexts of “fertility stagnation” to explore reasons behind contraceptive non-use among women who desire to delay or avoid a future birth.  Specifically, we explore whether women’s reasons for not using contraception are stagnant as the population-level indicator, TFR, suggests or are more dynamic. This nuanced understanding can inform programmatic direction for countries especially in need. 

Methods: Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from the two most recent surveys of ten study countries—five countries that have not yet experienced a fertility transition (“pre-transitional”) and five countries that began the fertility transition but stalled (“transitional”)—we explore trends in reasons for non-use. 

Results: We find that that reasons for non-use are changing. Specifically, in pre-transition study countries, women are increasingly citing attitudes opposing contraception as reasons for non-use.  In transition countries, women are increasingly citing reasons related to service quality and method side effects. Perceived low fecundability is increasingly cited among both pre-transition and transition study countries. Geographical access and cost are not prominent frequently cited at either time point. 

Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for prioritized programmatic attention aimed at: reducing opposition to contraception in pre-transitional countries; improving service quality and addressing issues of side-effects, both experienced and perceived, in transitional countries; and addressing fecundability perceptions in both types of country contexts.  We remind policy makers that even in contexts of fertility stagnation, underlying attitudes, norms, and barriers to contraceptive uptake are shifting.  Lack of change at the population-level can mask important changes at the individual-level that must be accounted for in program development and implementation.
Non-drug rehabilitation methods: color therapy, music therapy, aerophytotherapy with essential oils of plants
Authors: Любчик Вера , Lyubchik Vera , Мирошниченко Наталия , Miroshnichenko Nataliya , Голубова Т. , Golubova T.
Published: May 2019

The monograph presents the author's concept of substantiation of information and sensory methods of rehabilitation: rational psychotherapy, color therapy, music therapy, aerophytotherapy using essential oils of plants. The monograph highlights the position of the constitutional approach to rational psychotherapy, a systematic approach to the conduct of aerophytotherapy, the issues of substantiation of music therapy. The monograph is intended for rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists, Spa therapists, masters, pediatricians, family medicine doctors engaged in sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation.
O que o olho não vê o coração também sente: como cuidar do invisível que nos salta aos olhos
Authors: Prestrelo Eleonôra Torres
Published: May 2019

Este artigo nasce de inquietações e questionamentos disparados por ecos das falas de alunos da Graduação em Psicologia. Acreditando que as disfunções relacionais se estabelecem pelo abandono da confirmação do outro enquanto ser legitimo em sua alteridade, a autora apresenta um projeto de extensão como espaço de acolhimento e cuidado na universidade, tema que se transformará, posteriormente, em objeto e método de sua pesquisa de doutorado.  Em seu trabalho, referencia-se no cuidado que se dá como exigência ontológica dos mundos relacionais, na busca de ampliação de entendimento de nossos modos de existência. Inspirada na noção de cuidado desenvolvida por Annemarie Mol, a autora propõe em sua prática, inclusive a de pesquisa, a mapear, contactar e narrar o que é colocado à margem, os desacertos, os não ditos na elaboração do conhecimento em nossas pesquisas e com eles, talvez, tornar visível as demandas, articulações, afetações presentes no cotidiano acadêmico. Afinada com a diretriz de pesquisa do Laboratório PesquisarCOM (UFF), a autora afirma a pesquisa como uma prática performativa que se faz com o outro e não sobre o outro.
Ciência e política das drogas: as controvérsias em torno das políticas públicas de internação compulsória
Authors: Pontes Alexandre Kerr , Meza Ana Paula Santos , Bicalho Pedro Paulo Gastalho de
Published: May 2019

Propõe-se, no âmbito deste trabalho, problematizar a discussão acerca das internações compulsórias, a partir de apontamentos para as controvérsias que têm habitado as propostas de políticas públicas contemporâneas, as quais emergem da temática das drogas no Brasil. Entende-se que tal debate converge para o plano da articulação entre ciência, sociedade e tecnologia, composição de forças heterogêneas que produzem o que se toma por realidade. Em meio a tais controvérsias, propomos, com base na Teoria Ator-Rede, traçar uma cartografia das redes que fazem circular e acabam por produzir aquilo que entendemos por internações compulsórias. As controvérsias rastreadas nos conduziram a uma relação indissociável entre a construção de verdades e a produção política. Os modos de conhecer – e a consequente produção de saberes – produzem mundos que compõem territórios existenciais na contemporaneidade: ontologias que se constituem a partir do caráter performativo das práticas sociais.
Comparações entre práticas educativas de professores, habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamento de alunos
Authors: Mariano Marília , Bolsoni-Silva Alessandra Turini
Published: May 2019

As interações sociais que ocorrem no ambiente escolar podem favorecer ou prejudicar o desenvolvimento acadêmico e comportamental. Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar práticas educativas de professores e comportamentos infantis, de crianças diferenciadas por indicadores diagnósticos de problemas de comportamento (grupos clínicos e não clínicos para problemas de comportamento), pela escolaridade (pré-escolares e escolares) e sexo. A amostra foi composta por 283 crianças e seus professores da rede pública de ensino, que responderam questionários e entrevista semiestruturada. Foram conduzidas análises estatísticas: testes t de Student e Qui-quadrado. Notou-se que professores tendem a ser menos habilidosos e mais punitivos com meninos, escolares, e crianças clínicas para problemas de comportamento. Meninas e crianças não clínicas para problemas de comportamento apresentam maiores médias de habilidades sociais e menores escores de problemas comportamentais.
Atravessamento ético-político na experiência em pesquisa em História Social da Psicologia
Authors: Costa Márcio Luis , Castro Gillianno M. de
Published: May 2019

O objeto deste estudo é o atravessamento ético-político na pesquisa em História Social da Psicologia, e tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão sobre o significado desse atravessamento e sua repercussão no referido campo de pesquisa. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico que busca promover o diálogo entre dois campos, o da Filosofia e o da pesquisa. A estratégia metodológica consiste em promover um diálogo entre o conceito ético-político, como possibilidade de atravessamento, e a prática em pesquisa, como campo que permite ser atravessado. Para tanto, lança-se mão de recursos lógicos e analisadores provenientes da Fenomenologia, da ética levinasiana e da política arendtiana. A Fenomenologia permite chegar a uma compreensão da atravessabilidade na pesquisa como experiência de aberturas, resistências e possibilidades. A política, por sua vez, permite fazer ver que a pesquisa se realiza no espaço público como espaço de alteridades. A ética, por sua vez, assinala para o horizonte no qual é possível pensar e realizar atravessamentos, isto é, o lugar que dá espaço às relações de alteridades.
Medicalização e governo da vida e subjetividades: o mercado da saúde
Authors: Galindo Dolores Cristina Gomes , Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Vilela Renata , Garcia Bruna
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da literatura a respeito de medicalização, a partir da biopolítica no neoliberalismo. A construção do mercado da saúde coloca em cena um conjunto de tecnologias de governo de condutas que forja subjetividades saudáveis e controladas pelas prescrições de saúde e segurança. Os efeitos dessas práticas medicalizantes atravessam e fabricam corpos e populações, instrumentalizados pela gerência de risco e perigo, pela prevenção e controle do futuro, em nome da vida e da saúde, prolongadas ao extremo. Nesse aspecto, o objeto desse artigo é problematizar por meio de uma abordagem histórica, baseada em Foucault, a emergência do biocapital e da bioeconomia, como táticas de normalização e normatização das condutas pela biocidadania; e no âmbito das leis que reivindicam o direito à saúde, como estratégia.
Satisfação de crianças com a vida: as contribuições da família e da escola
Authors: Schütz Fabiane Friedrich , Bortolini Marcela , Sarriera Jorge Castellá
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a contribuição da satisfação com a família e com a escola para a predição da satisfação com a vida. Participaram 2105 crianças, com idades entre 10 e 12 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas e particulares do Rio Grande do Sul. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: âmbito satisfação com a escola do General Domain Satisfaction Index, cinco itens relativos à satisfação com aspectos dos relacionamentos familiares e a escala de item único Overal Life Satisfaction. Foram realizadas análises de variância por idade e sexo e análise de regressão múltipla. Os resultados indicam que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas por idade e sexo.  A análise de regressão múltipla verificou que os itens que mais predisseram a satisfação com a vida foram relativos a serem ouvidas pelos seus pais (β=0,158; p<0,01), estarem satisfeitas com a experiência na escola (β=0,156; p<0,01) e com os colegas (β=0,124; p<0,01). Ressalta-se que a satisfação com a família e com a escola explicam 21,8% da variância da satisfação com a vida. Destaca-se a importância do estímulo ao diálogo entre família e escola para promover o bem-estar da criança.
Realidade virtual nas técnicas da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental: Transtornos de Traumas, Ansiedade e Depressão
Authors: Prates Priscila Flores , Pacheco Alysson Oliveira , Santos Bruna Staevie dos , Silva Renan Meirelles da , Ferraz Raul Corrêa , Vasconcelos Silvio José Lemos
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar o que a literatura PSI traz sobre as técnicas cognitivo-comportamental, com ênfase nos Transtornos relacionados à Trauma e a Estressores, Depressivos e de Ansiedade, aliadas à realidade virtual. Este estudo foi realizado por meio de uma revisão sistemática de artigos dos últimos 10 anos nas bases de dados Scielo, Pepsic, Lilacs, Portal Capes e PsycInfo. A busca foi feita nas línguas Portuguesa e Inglesa, totalizando 83 artigos sem filtragem e eliminando as repetições. Depois, os artigos foram filtrados de acordo com o objetivo do estudo e 14 artigos foram selecionados para a discussão neste trabalho. Como conclusão, pôde-se perceber que a realidade virtual está contribuindo para o aprimoramento e a inovação das técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais nos transtornos pesquisados. Essa junção da tecnologia e psicoterapia tem se mostrado efetiva nos resultados com os pacientes. Foi, também, observada a necessidade de mais estudos empíricos sobre o tema.
Universidade e mercado de trabalho: a trajetória social dos alunos cotistas egressos da Faculdade de Serviço Social da Uerj | University and the labor market: the social trajectory of quota graduate students from the College of Social Work at the State University of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Barros Clarissa Fernandes do Rêgo
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da pesquisa qualitativa realizada no doutorado, relacionando educação, política de ação afirmativa na universidade e inserção no mercado de trabalho com 11 alunos cotistas egressos da Faculdade de Serviço Social da Uerj. Os dados apresentados resultam da análise da trajetória social dos estudantes cotistas ao longo da formação na Educação Básica, do ingresso e conclusão na universidade e da inserção no mercado de trabalho. Assim, buscou-se identificar as particularidades, dificuldades, conquistas e possíveis mudanças socioeconômicas alcançadas a partir das políticas de ação afirmativa, tendo como base os princípios normativos de igualdade substancial, justiça social e de eventual mobilidade social, derivadas da profissionalização e do alcance de melhores colocações no mercado de trabalho para este grupo étnico-social específico beneficiado pelas cotas na Uerj.Palavras-Chave: educação; trabalho; política de ação afirmativa; ensino superior. Abstract – This article aims to present the results of the qualitative research carried out in the doctorate’s research connecting education, affirmative action policy in the university, and the insertion in the job market with 11 students from the College of Social Work at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (Uerj). The data presented is based on the analysis of the social trajectory of the quota students along their formation in basic education, access to the university, graduation, and insertion in the labor market. In this way, it is sought to identify the peculiarities, difficulties, achievements, and possible socioeconomic changes achieved from the affirmative action policies, based on the normative principles of substantial equality, social justice, and possible social mobility, derived from the professionalization and the reach of better job market placements for this specific social ethnic group benefited by the quotas at Uerj.Keywords: education; labor; affirmative action policy; higher education.
The four ethical principles and their application in aesthetic practice
Authors: Haswell Natalie
Published: May 2019

As part of our Ethics in Aesthetics campaign, we asked for submissions on the topic of ethical practice in aesthetics. In this article, Natalie Haswell suggests that a lack of regulation in this sector enables a minority of practitioners to practice unethically, and explores some of the key ethical principles, explaining how they fit into the scope of aesthetic practice
Coretractable modules relative to a submodule
Authors: HAMZEKOLAEE Ali Reza Moniri , TALEBİ Yahya
Published: May 2019

Let $R$ be a ring and $M$ a right $R$-module. Let $N$ be a proper submodule

of $M$. We say that $M$ is $N$-coretractable (or $M$ is coretractable relative to $N$)

provided that, for every proper submodule $K$ of $M$ containing $N$, there is

a nonzero homomorphism $f:M/K\rightarrow M$. We present some conditions

that a module $M$ is coretractable if and only if $M$ is coretractable relative to a submodule $N$. We also provide some examples to illustrate special cases.
UTILIDADE SOCIAL NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS DE ORGANIZAÇÕES DA SOCIEDADE CIVIL: PRIMEIRAS ANÁLISES A PARTIR DE UMA REDE DE ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA NA BAHIA-BRASIL
Authors: Lopes Laerson Morais Silva , Rigo Ariádne Scalfoni , Silva Júnior Jeová Torres
Published: May 2019

Neste estudo, discutimos o processo de avaliação do resultado das ações de organizações da sociedade civil, aqui resignificada como “utilidade social”, considerando que essa avaliação é influenciada por vários aspectos. Nesse intuito, identificamos as dimensões da utilidade social apontadas pela literatura relevante, confrontando-as por meio de uma primeira aproximação empírica concernente à percepção dos beneficiários de uma rede de organizações da sociedade civil localizada na Bahia. Na etapa empírica da pesquisa, foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário estruturado aplicado junto a potenciais beneficiários dessa rede. Para eles, as organizações impactam, positiva e notadamente, as atividades de lazer e manifestações culturais (dimensão cultural); o emprego e o consumo (dimensão econômica); a participação eleitoral e a representação indireta da comunidade (dimensão política); a inovação social, a articulação instucional e o acesso a recursos tecnológicos (dimensão tecnológica); a consciência ambiental dos indivíduos (dimensão ambiental); e no acesso a serviços e o sentimento de pertencimento local (dimensão social). Estes resultados configuram-se como um primeiro passo na construção de uma metodologia e na sistematização de indicadores para a avaliação da utilidade social das organizações da sociedade civil.
AS CARACTERÍSTICAS COMPORTAMENTAIS EMPREENDEDORAS DOS ESTUDANTES DE GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Krüger Cristiane , Minello Italo Fernando
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as características comportamentais empreendedoras (CCE’s) em discentes da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen (UFSM-FW). De forma específica verificou-se o perfil dos discentes, identificando e comparando as características empreendedoras de acordo com o curso de graduação desses discentes. A metodologia é quantitativa e descritiva. Para mensurar as características utilizou-se o instrumento de Mansfield et al. (1987). Os questionários foram aplicados em sala de aula, obteve-se 597 questionários aptos para a análise dos dados, que utilizou testes estatísticos, como estatística descritiva, alfa de Cronbach, análise fatorial e comparativo de médias. Os resultados revelam que os discentes possuem as dez CCE’s, no entanto, as mesmas podem ser aprimoradas. Dos respondentes, 76% nunca cursaram quaisquer disciplinas relacionadas ao empreendedorismo, nesse sentido, apesar dos mesmos apresentarem as dez CCE’s, a universidade empreendedora ainda não foi concretizada na instituição pesquisada.
O QUE ELES PENSAM SOBRE ELAS? REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA MULHER EXECUTIVA
Authors: Antunes Camila , Carvalho Neto Antonio , Lima-Souza Érica , Mota-Santos Carolina
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar, a partir da perspectiva dos homens executivos, as representações sociais sobre a mulher executiva quanto à sua atuação no ambiente de trabalho. A metodologia tem abordagem qualitativa; quanto aos objetivos, é descritiva; e o método adotado foi o estudo de casos múltiplos. Foram analisadas três empresas de grande porte do Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 31 executivos com posições de alto nível estratégico. A partir da análise de dados emergiram cinco categorias: esforço e comprometimento; lealdade à empresa; disposição para assumir riscos; capacidade de tomar decisões; e capacidade de negociação. A maioria dos entrevistados acredita que as mulheres são mais comprometidas e se esforçam mais; que são menos leais à empresa; que são menos centralizadoras e possuem menor poder de decisão; que são emocionalmente frágeis e passivas; e que precisam adotar uma postura mais agressiva para negociar. Estes dados indicam uma manutenção das representações sociais tradicionais de gênero, em que são atribuídas às mulheres traços de submissão, dependência, fragilidade, emotividade e responsabilidade pelas tarefas domésticas e cuidados relativos aos filhos.