bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Removal Rate in Small Tool Polishing of Glass Lenses
Authors: Satake Urara , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Miyagawa Teppei , Ohsumi Takuya , Nakagawa Hidenori , Funabashi Katsuhiro ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan,   Production Engineering Research Laboratory, Production Engineering Headquarters, Canon Inc., Utsunomiya, Japan
Published: March 2019

The demand for improving the image quality of cameras has increased significantly, especially in industrial fields such as broadcasting, on-vehicle, security, factory automation, and medicine. The surface of glass lenses as a key component of cameras is formed and finished by polishing using small tools. The existing polishing technologies, however, exhibit serious problems including an unstable material removal rate over time. In our previous work, the mechanism of time variation in material removal rate was clarified. Based on the findings, a vibration-assisted polishing method using polishing pads containing titanium dioxide particles was developed for improving the stability of the material removal rate with the accumulated polishing time. Our experiments revealed that the proposed polishing method suppressed the time variation significantly in the material removal rate. The developed polishing pads, however, possessed a short life because of their poor wear resistance; as such, they could not be applied to the mass-production process of lenses. In this study, we applied the vibration-assisted polishing method to the polishing process using commercial polishing pads that exhibit sufficient wear resistance for practical use. To investigate the effect of vibration on the stability of the material removal rate, polishing experiments and the observation of slurry flow on the surface of the polishing pads during the vibration-assisted polishing process were conducted. Based on the findings, a new polishing method utilizing a large-amplitude high-frequency vibration applied to the polishing pressure was developed. In addition, a new polishing method utilizing the overhang of a polishing pad, where the polishing pad was moved to hang over the edge of the workpiece for incorporating periodic dressing processes of the polishing pad surface during the polishing process, was also developed. Our polishing experiments revealed that both the proposed polishing methods improved the stability of the material removal rate significantly over the course of the polishing process.
Surface Finishing of Single-Crystal SiC and GaN Wafers Using a Magnetic Tool in H2O2Solution
Authors: Kubota Akihisa ,   Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
Published: March 2019

To remove the microroughness and subsurface damage on the SiC and GaN surface efficiently, a surface finishing technique using a magnetic tool holding iron particles in a hydrogen peroxide solution is developed. This technique utilizes OH radicals generated from the iron catalytic particles in a hydrogen peroxide solution, and can be used to preferentially remove the topmost convex part on the surface, resulting in an atomically smooth surface. We employed this polishing technique to finish the surfaces of 2-inch SiC and 2-inch GaN wafers. The surface roughness before and after finishing was measured by scanning white light interferometric microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, the material removal rate was calculated by weight loss due to the finishing process. The results show that the surface roughness on the SiC and GaN wafers is markedly improved. Moreover, the surface waviness and flatness of these wafers before and after finishing did not deteriorate. Atomic force microscope images indicate that an atomically flat SiC surface with a roughness value below 0.1 nm RMS and a GaN surface with atomic step and terrace structures were achieved. Our proposed finishing technique is effective in improving the surface microroughness of SiC and GaN wafers.
Carotid Atherosclerosis Severity in Unorganized Adult Population
Authors: Kaveshnikov V. S. , Serebryakova V. N. , Trubacheva I. A. , Shalnova S. A.
Published: March 2019

Aim.To study sex and age distribution of ultrasound parameters characterizing carotid atherosclerotic (CAS) severity in the unorganized urban population.

Material and methods. The data obtained in Tomsk as a fragment of the ESSE-RF study are presented (n=1600; 25-64 years age; 59% – women). All participants signed informed consent. We studied CAS plaque count, both total and maximum plaque thickness and stenosis degree in the carotid arteries.

Results. The general population quantitative indicators of CAS increased with age, most actively in 40-54 years in men and 45-59 years in women. At the age of 40-44 years in men, the growth of the general population indicators was due to a noticeable increase in both plaque prevalence and of CAS severity. In 45-49 years, the prevalence increased intensively, whereas in 50-54 years growth of plaque count/size indicators were more attributive. In women 45-59 years old formation of the general population indicators concerned was mostly due to steady increase in the plaque prevalence, while out of all quantitative CAS parameters the total stenosis degree only increased significantly in 50-54 years. The general population indicators of CAS severity were higher in men than in women starting up with the age of 40 and until 55 the gender effect was merely explained by the difference in the plaque prevalence.

Conclusion. Features of the gender and age distribution of the quantitative parameters of CAS among the adult urban population are determined; the age periods of their most active growth are established. The presented data on the CAS severity percentile distribution can be useful as an additional tool for risk stratification and the choice of therapy/lifestyle modification tactics in people of working age. Further studies are needed to help to explain the trends and to clarify the predictive role of the indicators studied.
Pharmacological Basis of the Clinical Efficacy of Varenicline Used to Facilitate Smoking Cessation
Authors: Gilyarevskiy S. R.
Published: March 2019

Modern problems caused by the high prevalence of smoking, as well as pharmacological approaches that facilitate quitting smoking are discussed in the review. Data on the mechanisms of formation of nicotine addiction, which determine the choice of drug interventions aimed at increasing the probability of quitting smoking are presented. The pharmacological characteristics of the most commonly used drugs used to facilitate smoking cessation are given. Special attention is paid to data on the mechanisms of action of varenicline and evidence of its clinical efficacy and safety, including in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases, as well as in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. Evidence on the effectiveness of the combined use of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy are presented.
Pengembangan Soft Skills Peserta Didik melalui Integrasi Pendekatan Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) dalam Pembelajaran Asam Basa
Authors: Apriliana Mentari Reza , Ridwan Achmad , Hadinugrahaningsih Tritiyatma , Rahmawati Yuli
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan soft skills peserta didik melalui integrasi pendekatan STEAM dalam pembelajaran asam basa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kelas XI pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan reflektif jurnal. Kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan dengan menerapkan enam tahapan yaitu memberikan pertanyaan esensial, membuat perencanaan proyek, menyusun jadwal proyek, memonitor peserta didik dan perkembangan proyek, menilai atau menguji hasil, dan mengevaluasi pengalaman peserta didik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa integrasi pendekatan STEAM dalam project based learning dapat mengembangkan soft skills peserta didik, yaitu bekerja sama, berpikir kritis, peduli lingkungan, tanggung jawab, keterampilan beradaptasi, dan berpikir kreatif.

Kata kunci: pendekatan STEAM, soft skills, pembelajaran asam basa
A Preliminary Study to Evaluate the Reproducibility of Factor Analysis Results: The Case of Educational Research Journals in Turkey
Authors: AYDIN Burak , KAPLAN Mehmet , ATILGAN Hakan , GÜREL Sungur
Published: March 2019

In quantitative research, an
attempt to reproduce previously reported results requires at least a
transparent definition of the population, sampling method, and the analyses
procedures used in the prior studies. Focusing on the articles published between 2010 and
2017 by the four prestigious educational research journals in Turkey, this
study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of the factor analysis results
from a theoretical perspective. A total of 275 articles were subject to
descriptive content analysis. Results showed that 77.8% of the studies did not
include an explicit definition of the population under interest, and in 50.9%
of the studies, the sampling method was either
not clear or reported to be convenience sampling. Moreover, information
about the missing data or a missing data dealing technique was absent in the
76% of the articles. Approximately, half of the studies were found to have
inadequate model fit. Furthermore, in almost all studies, it could not be
determined whether the item types (i.e., levels of measurement scales) were taken into consideration during the
analyses. In conclusion, the majority of
the investigated factor analysis results were evaluated to be non-reproducible
in practice.
Konsep Desain Interior Perpustakaan untuk Menarik Minat Kunjung Pemustaka
Authors: Rifauddin Machsun , Halida Arfin Nurma
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAKTren masyarakat modern saat ini lebih senang membaca, belajar, dan berkumpul, sambil nongkrong ditempat-tempat hiburan dibanding harus pergi ke perpustakaan. Disisi lain, saat ini diberbagai pusat perbelanjaan seperti mall dan tempat wisata telah banyak didirikan public space dengan konsep mini library. Salah satu alasan masyarakat lebih memilih tempat tersebut dibanding perpustakaan adalah desain interior yang menarik dan aspek kenyamananya. Perpustakaan diharapkan mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan tren dan budaya masyarakat saat ini untuk menarik kembali minat pemustakanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan konsep desain interior perpustakaan baik secara teoritis maupun praktis berdasarkan kajian literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain interior merupakan bagian penting yang harus diperhatikan pengelola perpustakaan. Desain interior selain untuk menarik minat kunjung pemustaka juga dapat meningkatkan minat baca, membentuk citra positif perpustakaan, dan menumbuhkan kepuasan bagi pemustaka. Selain memperhatikan aspek estetika, desain interior sebuah perpustakaan tetap harus memperhatikan aspek fungsionalnya. Inovasi perpustakaan berkonsep Post-Modern Space dengan tambahan cafe dan lounge dapat diterapkan dalam perpustakaan modern dengan tetap memperhitungkan tata ruang, tata warna, pencahayaan, sirkulasi udara, dan tata suara.ABSTRACTModern society trends today prefer to read, study, and gather, while hanging out in places of entertainment rather than having to go to the library. On the other hand, currently in various shopping centers such as malls and tourist attractions have been established many public space with the concept of a mini library. One reason people prefer that place compared to the library is the attractive interior design and comfort aspects. Libraries are expected to adapt to the current trends and culture of society to reclaim the interests of its librarians. This study aims to explain the concept of library interior design both theoretically and practically based on literature review. The results showed that interior design is an important part that must be considered by library managers. Interior design in addition to attract visitors visit can also increase interest in reading, forming a positive image of the library, and foster satisfaction for pemustaka. In addition to considering the aesthetic aspect, the interior design of a library must still pay attention to its functional aspects. Post-Modern Space concept innovation with additional cafe and lounge can be applied in modern libraries while taking into account the layout, color, lighting, air circulation and sound system.
Water Weakening: A Laboratory Study of Marcellus, Woodford, Eagle Ford, and Wolfcamp Shales
Authors: Gupta Ishank , Rai Chandra , Sondergeld Carl , Hofmann Ronny
Published: March 2019

Hydraulic fracturing is the completion method of choice in unconventional resource plays. Common laboratory protocols for measuring rock strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio typically do not account for moisture content in rocks, yet these parameters are critical in fracture designs and are greatly affected by rock moisture content.

The process of water weakening is particularly complicated in shales because of the presence of both organic matter and inorganic minerals, such as clays, silica, and calcite. We study the effects of spontaneous fluid imbibition (brine and dodecane) on Young's modulus and hardness in shales using nanoindentation. The shales studied include Marcellus, Woodford, Eagle Ford, and Wolfcamp.

A key objective was to compare the weakening effects of 2.5 and 7.5% KCl brine solutions vs. dodecane. Our measurements show that irrespective of the shale wettability, brine led to a greater reduction in Young's modulus (45% reduction in Marcellus, 25% in Woodford, 12% in Eagle Ford, and 21% in Wolfcamp) than dodecane (25% reduction in Marcellus, 17% in Woodford, 4% in Eagle Ford, and 3% in Wolfcamp). Increasing the concentration of the clay stabilizers, such as KCl, led to lower weakening. On the basis of these measurements, it seems that wettability also plays a role in water weakening. Marcellus, being strongly water-wet, experienced the greatest reduction in Young's modulus and hardness. On the other hand, the Eagle Ford samples, being predominantly oil-wet, experienced the least reduction in Young's modulus and hardness. The Wolfcamp and Woodford samples, being mixed-wet, experienced moderate reductions in Young's modulus and hardness.
An Interpretation of Proppant Transport Within the Stimulated Rock Volume at the Hydraulic-Fracturing Test Site in the Permian Basin
Authors: Maity Debotyam , Ciezobka Jordan
Published: March 2019

We collected more than 500 ft of through-fracture core in the Upper Wolfcamp (UWC) and Middle Wolfcamp (MWC) formations in the Permian Basin. As part of core characterization, we analyzed the core-sludge samples for the presence of proppant and natural-calcite particles. Apart from sample preparation and imaging, we designed and developed a novel image-processing work flow to detect and classify the particles. We used the observations from the identified particle distribution within the stimulated rock volume to understand proppant-transport behavior. We used relative distributions of smaller 100-mesh- and larger 40/70-mesh-proppant particles to interpret proppant placement in relation to perforation clusters. Finally, we used the relative distribution of particles to understand the interaction between natural and hydraulic fractures. We observe that stress variations and the degree of natural fracturing have a bearing on local proppant-screenout behavior. Smaller 100-mesh proppant seems to dominate at larger lateral offsets from the hydraulically fractured wells. We also observe indications of heel-side bias according to lateral proppant distribution. We share our work flow for particle detection and classification, which can serve as a template for proppant analysis in the future if significant through-fracture cores are collected in similar field experiments.
Field and Laboratory Hydraulic Characterization of Landslide‐Prone Soils in the Oregon Coast Range and Implications for Hydrologic Simulation
Authors: Ebel Brian A. , Godt Jonathan W. , Lu Ning , Coe Jeffrey A. , Smith Joel B. , Baum Rex L.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Laboratory hydraulic parameters differ substantially from values estimated from field data.

Hydraulic parameters determined in the laboratory overestimate hysteresis magnitude.

Field data‐based model parameterizations may simulate landslide initiation more accurately.

Unsaturated zone flow processes are an important focus of landslide hazard estimation. Differences in soil hydraulic behavior between wetting and drying conditions (i.e., hydraulic hysteresis) may be important in landslide triggering. Hydraulic hysteresis can complicate soil hydraulic parameter estimates and impact prediction capability. This investigation focused on hydraulic property estimation for soil in a landslide‐prone area where the relative importance of hysteresis is unclear. Laboratory measurements of soil‐water retention from field soils in the Oregon Coast Range during wetting and drying show that pronounced hydraulic hysteresis is present. In contrast, a 4‐yr field data record of pore‐water pressure and soil‐water content from multiple soil pits at the same landslide‐prone area shows relatively minor hydraulic hysteresis compared with the laboratory estimates. Simulated subsurface hydrologic response parameterized using estimates from field data more closely matched hydrologic observations relative to model parameterization based on laboratory analysis of repacked soil samples. Our results suggest that (i) unsaturated hydraulic parameter estimates based on in situ field data, as opposed to laboratory measurements alone, may lead to more accurate simulation of the hydrologic response to rainfall, (ii) in situ data of soil‐water retention may need to include values at both high suctions and near saturation to improve estimates of soil hydraulic parameters for slope failure applications, and (iii) laboratory measurements of soil‐water retention made under dynamic conditions may overestimate hydraulic hysteresis.
Treatment of RO concentrate from six potable reuse facilities in the southwestern USA with a new photobiological process
Authors: Ikehata Keisuke , Zhao Yuanyuan , Kulkarni Harshad V. , Li Yuan
Published: March 2019

In this study, 11 reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate samples from six full-scale potable reuse facilities in the southwestern United States were treated by a new photobiological treatment process using brackish water diatoms at a laboratory scale. While eight out of the 11 RO concentrate samples were successfully treated by the photobiological treatment, the other three samples obtained from the facilities where non-nitrified effluent was used as a source water were unsuitable for the treatment due to high levels of ammonia-N in these samples. As low as 16 mg · L−1 of ammonia-N was found to be inhibitory. Lower pH was found to be undesirable because of lower calcium removal efficiency. Ozone pre-treatment and the presence of antiscalant appeared to have no impact on the photobiological process. This study demonstrated a wider applicability of this photobiological process for the treatment of RO concentrate from potable reuse facilities with different process schemes.
An Overview on Glyco-Macrocycles: Potential New Lead and their Future in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Singh Kartikey , Tripathi Rama Pati
Published: March 2019

Macrocycles cover a small segment of molecules with a vast range of biological activity in the chemotherapeutic world. Primarily, the natural sources derived from macrocyclic drug candidates with a wide range of biological activities are known. Further evolutions of the medicinal chemistry towards macrocycle-based chemotherapeutics involve the functionalization of the natural product by hemisynthesis. More recently, macrocycles based on carbohydrates have evolved a considerable interest among the medicinal chemists worldwide. Carbohydrates provide an ideal scaffold to generate chiral macrocycles with well-defined pharmacophores in a decorated fashion to achieve the desired biological activity. We have given an overview on carbohydrate-derived macrocycle involving their synthesis in drug design and discovery and potential role in medicinal chemistry.
Diabetes-induced Alterations in HDL Subfractions Distribution
Authors: Femlak Marek , Gluba-Brzozka Anna , Franczyk Beata , Rysz Jacek
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) due to its increasing prevalence and associated morbidity and
mortality has become a serious public health problem. In DM, HDL may lose its beneficial features and become
proatherogenic due to its altered biological activity thus increasing cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was
to assess the influence of the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and its duration on the distribution of HDL
subfractions. Moreover, the effect of statin treatment on HDL subfraction share was analysed in this study.

Methods:

The study group consisted of 50 patients with newly diagnosed DM and 50 persons with DM for longer
than 10 years while the control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers. HDL subfractions were analysed with
the use of Lipoprint.

Results:

We demonstrated progressive worsening of heart functioning and impairment of its structure in the
course of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we observed that HDL-6 subfraction and intermediate HDL fraction are
lowest in the group with advanced DMt2 compared to the group with newly diagnosed DM and a healthy control
group. Finally, the results of our study indicated the effect of statin treatment on HDL subfractions that seems not
to be advantageous.

Conclusion:

It seems that in patients with diabetes mellitus compromised antiatherogenic properties of HDL, as a
result of oxidative modification and glycation of the HDL protein as well as the transformation of the HDL proteome
into a proinflammatory protein, increase cardiovascular risk.
Pharmacological Interventions to Attenuate Alzheimer’s Disease Progression: The Story So Far
Authors: Bazzari Firas H. , Abdallah Dalaal M. , El-Abhar Hanan S.
Published: March 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Up to date, the available pharmacological options for AD are limited to cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine that may only provide modest symptomatic management with no significance in slowing down the disease progression. Over the past three decades, the increased interest in and the understanding of AD major pathological hallmarks have provided an insight into the mechanisms mediating its pathogenesis, which in turn introduced a number of hypotheses and novel targets for the treatment of AD. Initially, targeting amyloid-beta and tau protein was considered the most promising therapeutic approach. However, further investigations have identified other major players, such as neuroinflammation, impaired insulin signalling and defective autophagy, that may contribute to the disease progression. While some promising drugs are currently being investigated in human studies, the majority of the previously developed medical agents have come to an end in clinical trials, as they have failed to illustrate any beneficial outcome. This review aims to discuss the different introduced approaches to alleviate AD progression; in addition, provides a comprehensive overview of the drugs in the development phase as well as their mode of action and an update of their status in clinical trials.
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): Pathogenesis, Clinical Aspects and Treatment Approaches
Authors: Ciofalo Andrea , Gulotta Giampiero , Iannella Giannicola , Pasquariello Benedetta , Manno Alessandra , Angeletti Diletta , Pace Annalisa , Greco Antonio , Altissimi Giancarlo , de Vincentiis Marco , Magliulo Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

:

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), or Horton’s Arteritis, is a chronic form of vasculitis of the large and medium vessels, especially involving the extracranial branches of the carotid arteries, in particular, the temporal artery, with the involvement of the axillary, femoral and iliac arteries too. Arterial wall inflammation leads to luminal occlusion and tissue ischemia, which is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease.

:

A substantial number of patients affected by GCA present head and neck symptoms, including ocular, neurological and otorhinolaryngological manifestations.

:

The aim of this article is to present pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment approaches of GCA manifestations.
Comparison of Bone Uptake in Bone Scan and Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT Images in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Acar Emine , Bekiş Recep , Polack Berna
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare images from Tc-99m MDP bone scan
(BS) and Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT of patients with prostate cancer in terms of bone metastases.

Methods:

Overall, 34 patients exhibited a mean age of 66 ± 9.5 (50-88) years, mean PSA of 51 ±
159ng/ml (0-912), and mean Gleason score of 8 (6-9). BS and Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT were applied
to 34 patients within 30 days, and the results were evaluated, retrospectively. In both tests, radiopharmaceutical
uptake in bones were compared.

Results:

In 7 patients (20.5%), uptake was not significant on BS and Ga-68 PSMA PET / CT images,
which is related to metastasis. In 14 (41%) patients, bone metastases were observed in both
examinations. However, more metastatic lesions were observed in the Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT of 3
patients and in the bone scintigraphy of 2 patients. PSMA expression was not observed on Ga-68
PSMA PET / CT in 13 (38%) patients with increased activity in bone scintigraphy. Two (6%) of
these patients were thought to be metastatic, 2 (6%) were suspicious for metastasis, and 9 (26%)
had no metastasis. When a lesion-based evaluation was performed, a total of 480 activities were
evaluated: increased activity uptake was found in 305 BS, and 427 PSMA expression activity was
detected. Furthermore, 435 of these activities were evaluated as metastatic.

Conclusion:

Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT provides an additional contribution to the BS evaluation of activity
areas because of the presence of PSMA expression and anatomical lesions. In 6% of the patients,
activity on BS and metastatic appearance in CT images were observed and the presence of
lesions in the absence of PSMA was determined. This suggests that bone metastases without
PSMA expression may also be present.
De-novo Drug Design, Molecular Docking and In-Silico Molecular Prediction of AChEI Analogues through CADD Approaches as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents
Authors: Pandey Surabhi , Singh B.K.
Published: March 2019

Background:

There are over 44 million persons who suffer with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
worldwide, no existence of cure and only symptomatic treatments are available for it. The aim of this
study is to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer potential of designed AChEI analogues using computer simulation
docking studies. AChEIs are the most potential standards for treatment of AD, because they have
proven efficacy. Among all AChEIs donepezil possesses lowest adverse effects, it can treat mildmoderate-
severe AD and only once-daily dosing is required. Therefore, donepezil is recognized as a
significant prototype for design and development of new drug molecule.

Methods:

In this study the Inhibitory potential of the design compounds on acetylcholinesterase enzyme
has been evaluated. Docking studies has been performed which further analyzed by in-silico
pharmacokinetic evaluation through pharmacopredicta after that Interaction modes with enzyme active
sites were determined. Docking studies revealed that there is a strong interaction between the active
sites of AChE enzyme and analyzed compounds.

Results:

As a result 26 compounds have been indicates better inhibitory activity on AChE enzyme and
all the screening parameters have also been satisfied by all 26 compounds. From these 26 compounds,
six compounds 17, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 56 are found to be the most potent inhibitors of this series by insilico
study through INVENTUS v 1.1 software, having highest bio-affinities i.e. - 8.51, - 7.67, - 8.30,
- 7.59, - 8.71 and -7.62 kcal/mol respectively, while the standard or reference drug donepezil had binding
affinity of - 6.32 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:

Computer aided drug design approach has been playing an important role in the design
and development of novel anti- AD drugs. With the help of structure based drug design some novel analogues
of donepezil have been designed and the molecular docking studies with structure based ADME
properties prediction studies is performed for prediction of AChE inhibitory activity. The binding
mode of proposed compounds with target protein i.e. AChE has been evaluated and the resulting data
from docking studies explains that all of the newly designed analogues had significantly high affinity
towards target protein compared to donepezil as a reference ligand.
Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Corrigiola telephiifolia in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hebi Morad , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The evaluation of the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of the aerial
parts aqueous extract of Corrigiola telephiifolia (APAE of C. telephiifolia) in normal and streptozotocin
(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

The effects of oral administration of APAE of C. telephiifolia (5 mg/kg) on the lipid profile
as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity of this aqueous extract have been determined.

Results:

APAE of C. telephiifolia (5 mg/kg) reduced significantly (p<0.001) the plasma total cholesterol
levels in diabetic rats. In contrast, no significant increase in plasma triglyceride levels in normal
and in STZ-induced diabetic rats was observed. On the other hand, APAE of C. telephiifolia showed
an antioxidant activity.

Conclusion:

The APAE of C. telephiifolia exhibits an antioxidant, cholesterol and body weightlowering
activities in diabetic rats.
Clinical Pharmacology Considerations in Pain Management in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure
Authors: Davison Sara N.
Published: March 2019

Pain is common and poorly managed in patients with advanced CKD, likely due to both under and over prescription of appropriate analgesics. Poorly managed pain contributes to patients’ poor quality of life and excessive health care use. There is tremendous variability within and between countries in prescribing patterns of analgesics, suggesting that factors other than patient characteristics account for these differences. This article discusses the pharmacologic management of acute and chronic pain in patients with advanced CKD, and the role analgesics, including opioids, play in the overall approach to pain management.
Anti-Scientific Currents in American Thought
Authors: Kowalski Charles J , Mrdjenovich Adam J
Published: March 2019

Multifarious forces have surrounded science and continue their—sometimes separate, sometimes coordinated—attempts to supplant a scientific approach to an explanation of important questions about us and the world we inhabit. We focus here on questions pertaining to biology and medicine, but no aspect of the scientific enterprise is immune from attack; and not all of the forces aligned against it are represented. The ones considered are: religion, neoliberalism, postmodernism, the “back-to-nature” movement, bioethical obstructionism, and the current POTUS, Donald Trump. We sit in amazement that at the amount of vitriol that has been leveled at science, but try to maintain civility in response. We would be irenic, not polemic; promoting true dialogue between respected scholars holding somewhat differing views. This is not as difficult as some would have you believe.
Bioaccesibilidad y cinética de liberación in vitro de compuestos fenólicos en pulpas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) y guanábana (Annona muricata L.)
Authors: Blancas-Benítez Francisco J. , Montalvo-González Efigenia , González-Aguilar Gustavo A. , Sáyago-Ayerdi Sonia G.
Published: March 2019

Las frutas tropicales son conocidas como saludables, la guayaba y guanábana, se consideran ricos en compuestos fenólicos (CF), y generalmente se consumen frescos o en pulpa. El efecto beneficioso atribuido al consumo de frutas se relaciona con la cantidad de CF que pueden ser bioaccesibles en el organismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la bioaccesibilidad de los CF de las pulpas de guayaba y guanábana. Durante el proceso de digestión in vitro, se observó que la liberación más alta se produjo durante la etapa intestinal, esto podría deberse a la liberación parcial de los CF asociada con el material de la pared celular de las pulpas. Los valores de bioaccesibilidad de los CF fueron 79.93% para guayaba y 83.91% para guanábana, los ácidos gálico y clorogénico fueron detectados como los principales CF presentes en ambas muestras, aunque el ácido cafeico fue detectado solo en la pulpa de guanábana, por su parte, la cinética de liberación de los CF en las pulpas mostraron una tasa de liberación similar en ambas muestras, lo que indica que una gran parte de los CF presentes en estas pulpas son potencialmente bioaccesibles y pueden estar disponibles para absorberse en el intestino delgado.
PERENCANAAN JALUR PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH DI KABUPATEN BOGOR, KOTA BOGOR, DAN KOTA DEPOK MENUJU STASIUN PENGUMPUL ANTARA (SPA)
Authors: Rusmaya Deni , Rochaeni Anni , Mulyana Hendra
Published: March 2019

Sampah merupakan sisa kegiatan manusia dan/atau proses alam yang berbentuk padat. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, diketahui bahwa di ketiga daerah rencana (Kabupaten Bogor, Kota Bogor, dan Kota Depok) sudah tidak memiliki TPA yang layak. Oleh karena itu pihak provinsi menyediakan TPA terpadu yang dapat melayani ketiga daerah tersebut. maka diperlukannya perencanaan jalur operasional menuju TPA terpadu tersebut. Perencanaan jalur dibuat menuju Stasiun Pengumpul Antara (SPA) terlebih dahulu sebelum menuju TPA. Perencanaan ini dilakukan dengan cara menghitung terlebih dahulu jumlah timbulan sampah sampai akhir tahun perencanaan kemudian menganalisa jalur existing yang ada dan membuat jalur yang baru. Dari hasil penelitian didapat timbulan sampah yang terlayani sampai akhir tahun perencanaan yaitu Kabupaten Bogor mencapai 12.845,30 m3/hari dengan persentase pelayanan 58 % untuk daerah domestik. Sedangkan timbulan sampah non domestik akan mencapai 3.537,51 m3/hari dengan persen pelayanan 100 %. Kota Bogor mencapai 6.824,86 m3/hari dengan persentase pelayanan 100 % untuk daerah domestik. Sedangkan timbulan sampah non domestik akan mencapai 219,47 m3/hari dengan persen pelayanan 100 %. Dan Kota Depok mencapai 11.179,43 m3/hari dengan persentase pelayanan 87 % untuk daerah domestik. Sedangkan timbulan sampah non domestik akan mencapai 395,32 m3/hari dengan persen pelayanan 100 %. Dari hasil pengamatan  di lapangan, maka dibuat jalur terbaik menurut waktu dan jarak tempuh pengumpulan dan pengangkutan. Dalam perencanaan ini dilakukan juga analisa terhadap data dan perhitungan yang mengacu pada literatur dan dengan rumus-rumus yang ada dapat pula dihitung proyeksi kebutuhan armada sampai akhir tahun perencanaan.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBISINGAN LALU LINTAS DI JALAN CIHAMPELAS DAN JALAN SUKAJADI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Yustiani Yonik Meilawati , Juliandahri Andika
Published: March 2019

Kebisingan dapat diartikan sebagai suara yang tidak diinginkan atau suara keras yang tidak menyenangkan atau tidak terduga. Kebisingan bersumber dari kegiatan manusia seperti penggunaan alat transportasi dan aktifitas industri. Dampak dari kebisingan ini bukan hanya pada kota-kota besar. Pengukuran tingkat kebisingan diatur dalam KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996 tentang Baku Tingkat Kebisingan. Ada dua cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat kebisingan, yaitu: cara sederhana dan cara langsung. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sound level meter, seperangkat alat hitung dan stopwatch. Penentuan tingkat kebisingan lingkungan menggunakan sound level meter  dilakukan di 2 (dua) lokasi yang merupakan daerah komersial di Kota Bandung, yaitu Jalan Cihampelas (Ciwalk) dan Jalan Sukajadi (PVJ). Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh tingkat kebisingan paling tinggi terjadi di PVJ pada saat akhir pekan yaitu sebesar 69,8 dBA. Tingkat kebisingan terendah terjadi di Ciwalk pada saat hari kerja, yaitu sebesar 68,4 dBA. Nilai ini tidak melebihi baku kebisingan berdasarkan KEPMENLH  No. 48 Tahun 1996 untuk daerah perdagangan dan jasa yaitu sebesar 70 dBA.
STRATEGI OPTIMASI PEMANFAATAN SUMBER AIR BANTAR AWI SUNGAI CIKAPUNDUNG TERHADAP INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM DAGO PAKAR
Authors: Afiatun Evi , Wahyuni Sri , Merinda Styvani
Published: March 2019

Cikapundung merupakan salah satu sungai yang digunakan oleh PDAM Kota Bandung sebagai sumber air baku. Penurunan kualitas air yang terjadi di Sungai Cikapundung merupakan salah satu alasan mengapa perlu untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum (IPAM) Dago Pakar . Tingginya tingkat pencemaran pada sumber air baku ini disebabkan oleh masih banyaknya warga masyarakat yang membuang sampah dan kotoran hewan ternak ke sungai juga erosi. Dengan kondisi tersebut IPAM Dago Pakar mencoba untuk mengolah air baku ini agar dapat menghasilkan air bersih yang layak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat dan sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku yaitu Peraturan Menteri 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010. Metoda penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menghitung rata-rata debit dari BBWS dan IPAM Dago Pakar, mengevaluasi kinerja IPAM berdasarkan evaluasi pada air hasil olahan yang dihasilkan serta evaluasi terhadap kriteria desain bangunan unit pengolahan. Berdasarkan observasi dan studi pustaka, dapat disimpulkan antara lain IPAM Dago Pakar memiliki satu (1) seri pengolahan air lengkap, yang terdiri dari intake, pra-sedimentasi, koagulasi, flokulasi, sedimentasi, filtrasi, desinfeksidan reservoir, (2) total kapasitas IPAM Dago Pakar adalah sebesar 600 L/detik, (3) pada musim penghujan, proses backwash bisa dilakukan hingga 3-5× 1 hari/unit untuk itu disarankan pihak PDAM membangun sebuah bak penampungan air hasil backwash agar dapat dipompakan kembali ke unit koagulasi untuk diolah kembali, (4) berdasarkan pengamatan dan data yang diperoleh, sumber air baku (sungai Cikapundung, Bantar Awi) masih memenuhi standar kualitas air baku untuk air minum, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82, 2001 meskipun terdapat beberapa parameter yang terkadang tidak memenuhi baku mutu salah satunya adalah residu tersuspensi, namun setelah melewati proses pengolahan air yang diproduksi sudah memenuhi baku mutu, (5) berdasarkan kesesuaian pada criteria desain, maka bak prasedimentasi membutuhkan penambahan waktu detensi dan pelebaran agar kinerja unit prasedimentasi ini bisa lebih dioptimalkan dalam mengatasi fluktuasi ke keruhan air baku pada saat musim penghujan.
IDENTIFIKASI KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH DAN TIMBULAN AIR LIMBAH TEMPAT PELELANGAN IKAN DESA KARANGSONG, KECAMATAN INDRAMAYU, KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU
Authors: Yustiani Yonik Meilawati , Mulyatna Lili , Suwirkas Suwirkas
Published: March 2019

Sampai saat ini di Indramayu belum memiliki Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) yang menerapkan sistem sanitasi yang higienis. Penerapan sistem fasilitas sanitasi yang higienis mutlak diperlukan untuk memberikan keamanan dan kenyamanan bagi pengguna dan lingkungan sekitarnya.Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Karangsong di Kabupaten Indramayu menempati lahan seluas 4000 m2 dilengkapi dengan beberapa fasilitas pendukung, dilengkapi dengan dermaga yang berfungsi sebagai tempat bersandarnya kapal atau perahu ketika membongkar muatan. Tujuan penelitian in adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan air bersih dan timbulan air buangan di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Karangsong Kabupaten Indramayu. Identifikasi ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar penentuan konsep penyediaan prasarana agar dapat  berjalan secara efisien dan efektif sesuai dengan tingkat pelayanan yang direncanakan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif, mengamati dan mengambil data kondisi eksisting serta menentukan alternatif penyediaan fasilitas sanitasi untuk TPI higienis sesuai dengan literatur yang tersedia. Perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air minum adalah 0,025 liter/detik, dengan fluktuasi 0,04375 liter/detik. Secara total, kebutuhan air bersih untuk TPI ini adalah 1,862 liter/detik. Jumlah air buangan yang ditimbulkan adalah 1,494 liter/detik. Hasil identifikasi karakteristik air buangan menunjukkan bahwa nilai BOD mencapai nilai 836 mg/L, COD sebesar 128 mg/L dan nitrat sebesar 150mg/L. Nilai konsentrasi yang ditunjukkan dari karakteristik limbah TPI menunjukkan perlunya disediakan instalasi pengolahan air limbah dengan efisiensi yang tinggi. Unit utama dalam pengolahan air limbah TPI ini adalah septic tank termodifikasi.
«Los hijosdalgo de Asturias. Tragedia», de José Vargas Ponce (ed. de Fernando Durán López)
Authors: González Delgado Ramiro
Published: March 2019

Reseña del libro Los hijosdalgo de Asturias. Tragedia, de José Vargas Ponce (edición de Fernando Durán López, Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2018).
Determination of Explosion Characteristics of Sugar Dust Clouds
Authors: Kuracina Richard , Szabová Zuzana , Menčík Matej
Published: March 2019

A dust explosion occurs when an airborne combustible dust cloud encounters an effective ignition source. The resulting pressure and temperature increase can severely injure people and damage surrounding equipment and buildings, and therefore needs to be prevented or controlled (Taveau, 2016). The article deals with the measurement of maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of sugar dust cloud. The measurements were carried out according to STN EN 14034-1+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 1: Determination of the maximum explosion pressure pmax of dust clouds, the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise according to STN EN 14034-2+A1:2012 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max of dust clouds and Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds. Part 3: Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds. The sugar dust cloud in the chamber is achieved mechanically. The testing of explosions of sugar dust clouds showed that the maximum value of the pressure was reached at concentrations of 1000 g/m3 and its value is 6,89 bars.
Influencing of Maximum Explosive Parameters of Ignition Energies of Dust-Air Mixtures
Authors: Jankuj Vojtech , Bernatik Ales
Published: March 2019

This article deals with maximum explosive parameters of dust-air mixtures and their influencing of ignition energies. Pyrotechnic ignitors were mixed and assembled in this experimental measurements. These assembled pyrotechnic ignitors were recorded with high-speed camera. Obtained records were used for describing their behaviour after activation. Pyrotechnic ignitors were modified and then were used for ignition of selected dust-air mixtures in the final stage of this experimental measurements. This test was carried out using an explosion autoclave where the optimal concentration of selected dust-air mixtures was used.
Changes of primary headache related white matter lesions in pediatric patients
Authors: Bayram Erhan , Yiş Uluç , Paketçi Cem , Okur Derya , Polat İpek , Çakmakcı Handan , Hız Semra , Anlar Banu
Published: March 2019

We aimed to describe the long-term prognosis of white matter lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging in children with primary headache. Children who were admitted with the complaint of headache and had nonspecific white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. The clinical findings of the patients were reinvestigated using the same magnetic resonance imaging scanner and acquisition protocol after at least a two year period. Magnetic resonance imaging results of the patients were documented in detail. Findings of the baseline and follow-up studies were compared with each other by the same radiologist. Among the 11 patients, 8 ( 72.7%) were male and 3 (27.3%) were female. Mean age of patients at the time of second imaging was 12.9±2.3 years. Eight (72.7%) had migraine without aura, 1 (9.1%) had tension-type headache and 2 (18.2%) had migraine with aura. The mean clinical follow-up period of the patients was 4.31±1.31 years. All patients had low headache frequency on the last control visit when compared to the first clinical findings. The follow-up magnetic resonance imaging studies showed two newly developed white matter lesions in two patients who had migraine without aura and the white matter lesions disappeared in the patient who had tension-type headache, compared to the baseline neuroimaging. Findings of the baseline and long-term follow-up magnetic resonance imaging studies of the patients with primary headache showed no significant changes in terms of the location, size and laterality. Repeated neuro-imaging studies are not warranted in the absence of the progression in clinical findings.
Aluminum exposure in premature babies related to total parenteral nutrition and treatments
Authors: Aşut Emre , Köksal Nilgün , Dorum Bayram Ali , Özkan Hilal
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to measure aluminum contamination of parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions and aluminum contents of parenteral products given to newborn infants for nutrition or treatment. In this study, the aluminum content of the first products used to prepare PN solutions for premature neonates, of the final parenteral products prepared therefrom, and of the parenteral drugs frequently used in newborn units was measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The aluminum contamination of all parenteral nutritional products evaluated, except for one, was detected to be over the recommended doses. Of all the first products analyzed within the scope of the study, trace-element preparation, preparation containing fat-soluble vitamins, 20% dextrose solution, calcium gluconate ampoule and sodium phosphate ampoule indicated high aluminum contamination. The total aluminum content of the prepared final products was identified to be at least 40% higher than the total aluminum content of the ingredients added to the compound. Accordingly, the minimum amount of aluminum content was measured as 233 μg/kg/day in nutrition solutions prepared for a baby weighing 1,000 g. Contamination was detected in 9 of the 18 drugs evaluated. This study indicated that the rate of aluminum exposure of the premature babies receiving parental nutrition is still much higher than the safe doses recommended as 5 µg/kg/day by the FDA. Products with lower aluminum content should be preferred in the care of premature infants.
Perfusion index and pleth variability index in the first hour of life according to mode of delivery
Authors: Yiğit Şule , Takcı Şahin , Bozkaya Davut , Yurdakök Murat
Published: March 2019

Perfusion index (PI) is a relative assessment of the pulse strength at the monitoring site. The plethysmographic variability index (PVI, pleth variability index) is a noninvasive and continuous measure of the dynamic change in PI that occurs during respiratory cycles. In this study PI and PVI changes were compared in babies born with cesarean section (C/S) or spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD); 125 healthy term infants were monitored with pulse oxymeter after first ten minutes of life. Data were recorded from this monitor on a personal computer and analyzed by generalized estimating equations (GEE) method. Pulse rate was lower in babies born via SVD. Perfusion index were higher in C/S group. Pleth variability index were higher in C/S group. Higher pulse rate, PI and PVI values in babies born via C/S may be indicative of more significant hemodynamic changes in these infants during early transitional period after birth.