bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Letting Nature Swallow the Past: Politics, Memory, and Abandoned Monuments in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Dougherty Beth K.
Published: April 2019

During the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the built physical landscape and places of cultural heritage were deliberately targeted and destroyed as part of the strategy of ethnic cleansing. The 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement recognized the potential for cultural heritage to contribute to postwar reconciliation and rebuilding; Annex 8 established a commission to preserve national monuments. This paper examines the politics of cultural heritage in post-Dayton Bosnia and the ways in which it has been (ab)used to propagate a narrow, exclusivist identity. It focuses on the struggles to control the Commission to Preserve National Monuments as well as the fates of two monuments in particular—Vraca Memorial Park and the Partisans’ Memorial Cemetery—whose abandonment signifies the wider struggles over memory and identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Reading the Present Through the Past: The Roma in Postwar Kosovo
Authors: Sula-Raxhimi Enkelejda
Published: April 2019

This article explores the relationship between memory, political violence, and identity among the Roma minorities in Kosovo. In the aftermath of the 1998–1999 conflict in Kosovo, countless Roma were forced to escape Albanian retaliation, accused of being Serb collaborators. Many had to resettle in enclaves near Fushë Kosovë on the outskirts of Kosovo’s capital Prishtina, others left for Serbian-controlled northern Kosovo or to neighboring countries or to Western Europe. Through an ethnographic investigation with displaced Roma families around Prishtina and in Prizren, the article examines how the communities mobilize collective memories of the violent past to adapt to a new political situation, find their place, and navigate their present within Kosovo’s social, economic, and political landscape. It shows that the past is a constant reminder of compromised loyalties toward the majority group, which in turn dictates their (non)relations. Roma voices and narratives about the violent past are not part of the dominant and official discourse; they are counter-memories, telling a story that is silenced and unrecognized by the majority.
Longing for Lost Normalcy: Social Memory, Transitional Justice, and the ‘House Museum’ to Missing Persons in Kosovo
Authors: Schwandner-Sievers Stephanie , Klinkner Melanie
Published: April 2019

In spring 1999, amidst a wider ethnic cleansing campaign, Serb police forces abducted Ferdonije Qerkezi’s husband and four sons, who were never to be seen alive again. She subsequently transformed her private house into a memorial to the lost normalcy of her entire social world. We trace this memorialization process; her struggle for recognition; her transformation into an iconic mother of the nation and her activism, both for missing persons and against the internationally-driven Serb-Albanian normalization process in Kosovo. From a multi-disciplinary perspective, we critically reflect on the theoretical concept of “normative divergence” in intervention studies. We are guided by social anthropological (including immersive, historical-ethnographic, and semantic) analysis of the core tropes of social memory as both narratively and materially embodied by the House Museum. In systematically juxtaposing these to the normative transitional justice principles of truth, justice, non-recurrence, and reparations, and the overarching international intervention goal of reconciliation, we critically interrogate normative divergence per se. The ethnographic “thick description” of this case study—cognizant of context contingency, victims’ agency and experience, cultural change, and social transformation—points to divergent meanings of these principles as resulting directly from the political and institutional failure to provide key transitional justice goals.
Why Tajiks Are (Not) Like Arabs: Central Asian Migration into Russia Against the Background of Maghreb Migration into France
Authors: Malakhov Vladimir
Published: April 2019

The article aims to compare the conditions of migrants from Central Asia into Russia with that of migrants from the Maghreb into France. Despite many similarities in conditions (related to the experience of social exclusion), there are deep differences. The precarious legal status of the majority of Central Asian newcomers in Russia has prevented them from embarking on an effective struggle for public recognition; this is in sharp contrast with North African newcomers in France who have been engaged in such struggle since the 1980s. In addition, Islam plays different roles in the migrants’ perceptions by host societies and in identification of the migrants themselves. Whereas Islam has become a marker of overarching collective identity among the Maghreb migrants’ descendants, this is not the case with Central Asians in Russia, for whom Islam remains part of their individual identity, rather than the basis of social consolidation and political mobilization.
Radiocarbon Analysis of Methane at the NERC Radiocarbon Facility (East Kilbride)
Authors: Garnett M H , Murray C , Gulliver P , Ascough P L
Published: April 2019

Methane is the second most important anthropogenically produced greenhouse gas, and radiocarbon (14C) analysis is extremely valuable in identifying its age and source in the environment. At the NERC Radiocarbon Facility (East Kilbride, UK) we have developed expertise in analysis of methane 14C concentration and methodological approaches to field sampling over the past 20 years. This has opened a wide range of applications, which have mainly focused on (1) the age and source of methane emitted by peatlands and organic soils (e.g. to quantify the release of ancient carbon), (2) the source of aquatic emissions of methane, and (3) the age of methane generated by amenity and illegal landfill. Many of these scientifically important applications involve challenging sampling and measurement considerations, which our development program has continually aimed to overcome. Here, we describe our current methods, and recent improvements to aid field collection of samples in remote locations. We present the results of tests which (1) show the effectiveness of our methods to remove contaminants, especially CO2, (2) quantify the 14C background contribution, and (3) demonstrate the reliability of metal gas storage canisters for sample storage.
Les régimes de genre dans les sociétés occidentales de l’Antiquité au XVIIesiècle
Authors: Lett Didier
Published: April 2019

La notion de genre s’est installée dans le paysage historiographique international depuis plus de deux décennies, à tel point qu’il pourrait sembler curieux d’y consacrer aujourd’hui un dossier desAnnales. Le succès relatif de ce champ de recherche dissimule cependant des ambiguïtés quant au projet intellectuel ainsi circonscrit et à sa réception dans le monde des sciences sociales. Pour certains, faire l’histoire du genre, c’est s’intéresser à l’histoire des femmes, histoire désormais reconnue, même si elle reste encore parfois entachée d’une double dépréciation, par la qualification d’histoire militante – et donc peu scientifique – et par la vague idée que, quelle que soit son étiquette, « femmes » ou « genre », elle est déjà dépassée. Sans doute l’expression devenue désormais canonique, « histoire des femmes et du genre », entretient-elle une réelle confusion auprès de chercheurs peu sensibles à ce champ historiographique.
Genre et paix
Authors: Lett Didier
Published: April 2019

Le 18 février 1306, un traité de paix est signé entre la cité de Camerino et trois communes voisines (Matelica, San Severino et Fabriano) dans lequel est prévue une série de mariages croisés entre leurs habitants : un échantillon socialement représentatif de cent quarante hommes doivent devenir beaux-frères à travers le transfert de cent quarante femmes. À partir de ce document et de cette clause hors-norme, qui, de plus, ne sera jamais appliquée et ne mettra jamais fin aux hostilités, l’article propose une réflexion sur la manière dont se met en place, dans un contexte historique, documentaire et relationnel spécifique, un régime de genre. En adoptant une approche pragmatique et en privilégiant l’utilisation du concept de genre comme un moyen supplémentaire de lire le social, sont tour à tour étudiés les rôles que les hommes de l’élite assignent aux femmes de leur communauté dans les rituels de réconciliation, les alliances matrimoniales qui font figure de paix en miniature, le dispositif mis en place pour assurer les transferts dotaux et l’octroie de la citoyenneté. Dans ce type de régime, les femmes sont des médiatrices : elles doivent véhiculer la paix dans leur ménage pour que celle-ci se diffuse dans l’ensemble du corps de leur commune et transmettre aux hommes une dot et la citoyenneté pour leur permettre de reproduire une domination.
« Au défaut des mâles »: Genre, succession féodale et idéologie nobiliaire (France, XVIe-XVIIesiècles)
Authors: Steinberg Sylvie
Published: April 2019

Aux XVIeet XVIIesiècles, les filles de la noblesse française sont appelées à succéder au fief à défaut d’héritier mâle. Au cours du XVIIe siècle, des décisions royales ainsi que la jurisprudence ont tendu à limiter cette possibilité, le critère de masculinité s’imposant, sans toutefois qu’il devienne jamais exclusif. L’examen des débats juridiques qui ont accompagné cette évolution permet de mettre en évidence certaines des mutations idéologiques qu’a connues la noblesse française durant cette période. La montée en puissance de la notion de service, les changements intervenus dans l’administration des preuves de noblesse, l’aspiration à une certaine fermeture de l’ordre sont liés à une conception nouvelle du genre, défini non plus en référence à la place et au rôle que chacun occupe dans la lignée et la fratrie, mais à une identité immuable, définie pour sa part comme une qualité inhérente à la personne, de même que l’est la noblesse elle-même.
Cité et réciprocité
Authors: Verboven Koenraad
Published: April 2019

La nouvelle économie institutionnelle est devenue populaire dans la recherche de l’économie antique depuis une dizaine d’années. Pourtant la notion de « croyances culturelles », qui joue un rôle central dans l’oeuvre de Douglass North et dans les analyses du changement institutionnel par Avner Greif, a été largement ignorée. J’affirme qu’une approche néoinstitutionnelle qui utilise cette notion de « croyances culturelles » offre une meilleure voie pour comprendre l’influence des idéologies et des valeurs morales sur l’économie antique que le modèle de Moses Finley. Des croyances culturelles ne sont pas des contraintes déterministes sur le comportement humain, mais elles aident à orienter les prises de décision et permettent d’anticiper les (ré)actions des autres.

J’étudie deux ensembles de normes et de valeurs qui, dans la culture romaine, ont profondément marqué le cadre institutionnel de l’économie. L’un était centré sur la réciprocité. Ses normes et valeurs ont permis de construire et de maintenir des réseaux sociaux au-delà du groupe de lafamiliaétendue avec ses affranchis. Elles étaient à la base du développement de la loi des obligations et de la représentation. L’autre se fondait sur la cité. Il a formé la culture politique en créant des droits et des obligations personnelles et en imposant des demandes légitimes aux élites politiques de défendre ceux-ci et de garantir et de stimuler des intérêts privés et communs. Le droit romain et la justice étaient ses résultats les plus importants. Idéologiquement, l’Empire romain se présentait comme une méta-cité qui incorporait les communautés locales qui, à leur tour, étaient graduellement transformées sur le modèle de la cité.

Ces deux ensembles de croyances culturelles ont baissé les coûts de transactions, mais ils n’ont jamais menacé la prééminence de l’aristocratie locale et impériale. Vers la fin du IIe siècle de notre ère, les cités locales se sont affaiblies tandis que l’administration impériale se renforçait. Les aristocraties locales et régionales se sont tournées vers la bureaucratie et l’armée impériales pour maintenir leur rang social, leur influence et leur pouvoir. L’idéologie de la cité comme principe dominant de la culture politique devenait soumise à celle de l’empereur sacral, garant de la justice et de l’ordre divins.
Crédit et filières marchandes au XVIIIesiècle
Authors: Gervais Pierre
Published: April 2019

Le crédit marchand au XVIIIesiècle était la principale source de profit des agents économiques. Gérant numéraire, effets de commerce et comptes courants ouverts à leurs clients, des négociants atlantiques, tels Gradis de Bordeaux, qui importait des produits coloniaux (indigo, sucre, café) et exportait vin et farines vers Québec, ouHollingsworth de Philadelphie, un gros marchand de farines et de denrées coloniales, dominaient les marchés locaux grâce à des réseaux de crédit spécialisés intégrant l’échange marchand et des contraintes morales ou sociales. Les analyses weberienne ou en termes d’Homo oeconomicusde ces activités complexes de crédit conduisent à des anachronismes ; l’auteur propose d’adopter une vision plus historicisée de l’activité économique, des réseaux de crédit et de la recherche du profit à l’époque moderne.
Predicting psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in adulthood from social behaviors and neighborhood contexts in childhood
Authors: Hastings Paul D. , Serbin Lisa A. , Bukowski William , Helm Jonathan L. , Stack Dale M. , Dickson Daniel J. , Ledingham Jane E. , Schwartzman Alex E.
Published: April 2019

Research showing that risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychosis, and other psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in adulthood is multidetermined has underscored the necessity of studying the additive and interactive factors in childhood that precede and predict future disorders. In this study, risk for the development of psychosis-spectrum disorders was examined in a 2-generation, 30-year prospective longitudinal study of 3,905 urban families against a sociocultural backdrop of changing economic and social conditions. Peer nominations of aggression, withdrawal, and likeability and national census information on neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood, as well as changes in neighborhood socioeconomic conditions over the lifespan, were examined as predictors of diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychosis-spectrum disorders in adulthood relative to developing only nonpsychotic disorders or no psychiatric disorders. Individuals who were both highly aggressive and highly withdrawn were at greater risk for other psychosis-spectrum diagnoses when they experienced greater neighborhood disadvantage in childhood or worsening neighborhood conditions over maturation. Males who were highly aggressive but low on withdrawal were at greater risk for schizophrenia diagnoses. Childhood neighborhood disadvantage predicted both schizophrenia and bipolar diagnoses, regardless of childhood social behavior. Results provided strong support for multiple-domain models of psychopathology, and suggest that universal preventive interventions and social policies aimed at improving neighborhood conditions may be particularly important for decreasing the prevalence of psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in the future.
Perspectives of International Law: Some Examples from Conversations with Judge James Richard Crawford
Authors: Dingle Lesley
Published: April 2019

James Richard Crawford was born in Adelaide in November 1948, where he went to school and eventually graduated from Adelaide University with an LLB and a BA in 1971. His political views were coloured by his country's involvement in the Vietnam War, and these were reflected in his vision of international law, which he researched under Ian Brownlie for his LLD at Oxford (1972–73). The result was his seminal text The Creation of States in International Law. After returning to Australia, James Crawford spent the next 18 years pursuing a career in academia and government legal service, culminating in his occupying the Challis chair at Sydney in 1986. Further recognition of his standing in international law came when Cambridge appointed him to the Whewell Chair in 1992, and the Directorship of the Lauterpacht Centre 1997–2003 and 2006–2009. After 23 years in Cambridge, Professor Crawford was elected to the bench of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2015, where, in May 2018, Lesley Dingle recorded nearly 4 hours of conversation with him in his chambers at the Peace Palace. The audio and transcript records of these interviews have been presented in the Eminent Scholars Archive, along with a narrative biography. During his parallel careers, academic and juristic, James Crawford wrote extensively on international law. His works reveal a distinctive vision of the law's legacy and future prospects. In the present article, Lesley Dingle expands on some of the perspectives that underpin this Crawfordian vision of international law, inter alia: historical contingency, human enhancement, the legal polymath, personal priorities, and constraints on ICJ judges.
LexisNexis: the Future of Law Since 1818
Authors: Harper James
Published: April 2019

In this article, James Harper of LexisNexis UK outlines the company's bi-centenary, and its contribution to the ‘rule of law’. The article will describe the fascinating development of UK law during this period, focusing on key milestones in arguably the largest and most exponential increase in the quantity of English language law the world has seen. It will also outline the range of legal industry innovations which LexisNexis and its companies have spearheaded over the years.
Alpha-tocopherol and contrast-induced nephropathy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Monami Matteo , Cignarelli Angelo , Pinto Sara , D’Onofrio Luca , Milluzzo Agostino , Miccoli Roberto , Penno Giuseppe , Mannucci Edoardo
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Background: Contrast–induced nephropathy (CIN) is a relevant cause of acute renal dysfunction and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Purpose: Verify the effect of α-tocopherol pre-treatment on CIN prevention in subjects with chronic kidney disease. Methods: A Medline/Embase and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to May 1st, 2017. Randomized controlled trials recruiting patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic radiocontrast infusion comparing the effect of either oral or i.v. multiple administration of pharmacological dose of α-tocopherol in preventing CIN versus placebo were included. A random-effects model, calculating Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, was applied to study the effect of α-tocopherol on CIN occurrence. Funnel plot analysis was used to assess publication bias, while agreement within studies was measured by the I2 index and tested with the Q-Cochran test. Results: Out of 242 studies, 4 trials were selected. CIN incidence resulted significantly lower in α-tocopherol compared to placebo group (5.8% vs. 15.4%, MH-OR [95% C.I.] 0.34 [0.19 – 0.59]). Alpha-tocopherol treatment was associated with both a tendential higher eGFR (mean difference 2.19 [95% C.I. -0.41; 4.79] mL/min) and lower creatinine level (mean difference −0.06 [95% C.I. −0.21; 0.09] mg/dl) compared to placebo. No relevant publication bias (p = 0.48) and heterogeneity (I2 = 0%; χ2 = 1.01, df = 3 [p = 0.80], I2 = 0%) were evident. Conclusions: Alpha-tocopherol pre-treatment is associated with reduction of incidence of CIN. Its administration deserves to be further explored as a simple and inexpensive tool for CIN prevention.
Ablation therapy with cyanoacrylate glue and laser for refluxing	great saphenous veins – a prospective randomised study
Authors: Çalık Eyüp Serhat , Arslan Ümit , Erkut Bilgehan
Published: April 2019

Summary: Background: Endovenous cyanoacrylate ablation is a new technique for the treatment of clinically symptomatic venous insufficiency. The results of a prospective comparative study of cyanoacrylate glue versus endovenous laser ablation for the management of incompetent great saphenous veins are presented. Patients and methods: A total of 400 subjects were treated with cyanoacrylate ablation or endovenous laser ablation between April 2014 and April 2016. The preprocedural, procedural, postprocedural, and follow-up data were recorded and compared. Results: There were 208 procedures in cyanoacrylate ablation group (CAA) and 204 in endovenous laser ablation group (EVLA). Operative time was 13 ± 3.4 minutes in the CAA and 31.7 ± 8.8 minutes in the EVLA (< 0.001). All procedures in both groups were successful, and the target vein segments were fully occluded at the end of the procedure. Periprocedural pain was less in the CAA (< 0.001). Enduration, ecchymosis, and paresthesia rates were significantly higher in the EVLA (< 0.001). The mean length of follow-up was 14 months (range 10–16). The 3, 6 and 12 months closure rates were 97.4%, 95.6%, and 94.1% for EVLA and 98.6%, 97.1% and 96.6% for CAA respectively. In both groups, the Venous Clinical Severity Score and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality of Life Questionnaire with declined significantly with no difference between groups. Conclusions: Management of incompetent great saphenous veins both endovenous cyanoacrylate ablation and laser ablation results in high occlusion rates. Endovenous cyanoacrylate ablation technique is fast and simple with low periprocedural pain that does not require tumescent anesthesia and compression stockings.
CH4and CO2Emissions From Mud Volcanoes on the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China: Origin, Output, and Relation to Regional Tectonics
Authors: Chen Zhi , Li Ying , Liu Zhaofei , Zheng Guodong , Xu Wang , Yan Wei , Yi Li
Published: April 2019

The concentrations, isotope ratios, and fluxes of CH4and CO2from mud volcanoes measured during a field survey on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin are reported. The origins and outputs of CH4and CO2from the four mud volcanoes are assessed, and the relationship between the characteristics of degassing and regional tectonics is discussed. The geochemical data indicate that thermogenic gases derived from the hydrocarbon reservoirs beneath anticlines could be the main source of the CH4emitted from the mud volcanoes and that hydrocarbon degradation by microbes and carbonate decomposition could be the primary contributors to CO2emissions from the soil in and around the mud volcanoes. Microseepage was the main mode of release for CH4and CO2from the mud volcanoes. The total CH4output from the mud volcanoes was 147.83 ton/year, comparable to that from mud volcanoes elsewhere. The total output of CO2from the mud volcanoes was 603.96 ton/year, which suggests that more attention should be paid to CO2from mud volcanoes. The CH4and CO2outputs from the mud volcanoes, and from the Xihu fold in the four anticlines, decreased from south to north. This observation is consistent with the intensity of regional tectonic activity, which weakens from south to north. The results suggest that regional compression is the major triggering mechanism for CH4and CO2emissions from the mud volcanoes.
The Exhumation of Subducted Oceanic‐Derived Eclogites: Insights From Phase Equilibrium and Thermomechanical Modeling
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Li‐Fei , Li Zhong‐Hai , Li Qing‐Yun , Bader Thomas
Published: April 2019

The dynamical evolution and exhumation mechanisms of oceanic‐derived eclogites are controversial conundrums of oceanic subduction zones. The previous studies indicated that density is the primary factor controlling the exhumation of oceanic rocks. To explore their density evolution, we systematically investigate the phase relations and densities of different rock types in oceanic crust, including mid ocean ridge basalt (MORB), serpentinite, and global subducting sediments (GLOSS). According to the density of eclogites, these currently exposed natural eclogites can be classified into two categories: the self‐exhumation of eclogites (ρMORB < ρMantle) and the carried exhumation of eclogites (ρMORB > ρMantle). The depth limit for an exhumation of oceanic‐derived eclogites solely driven by their own buoyancies is 100–110 km, and it increases with the lithospheric thickness of the overriding plate. The parameters of carried‐exhumation, that is, KGLOSS and KSerp, are defined in order to quantitatively evaluate the assistance ability of GLOSS and serpentinites for carrying the denser eclogites. KGLOSS is mainly controlled by pressure, whereas KSerp is dominantly affected by temperature. Using 2‐D thermomechanical models, we demonstrate that the presences of low‐density, low‐viscosity GLOSS and seafloor serpentinites are the prerequisites for the exhumation of oceanic‐derived eclogites. Our results show that oceanic‐derived eclogites should be stalled and exhumed slowly at the Moho and Conrad discontinuities (named Moho/Conrad stagnation). We propose that oceanic‐derived eclogites should undergo a two‐stage exhumation generally, that is, early fast exhumation driven by buoyancy at mantle levels, and final exposure to surface actuated by tectonic exhumation facilitated by divergence between upper plate and accretionary wedge or by rollback of lower plate.
Inhibition of HtrA2 alleviated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by preventing necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Chong , He Andong , Liu Shuai , He Qiaoling , Luo Yiqin , He Zhilan , Chen Yujiao , Tao Ailin , Yan Jie
Published: April 2019

Necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells has been indicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The identification of dysregulated proteins that can regulate necroptosis in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is the key to the rational design of therapeutic strategies for colitis. Through tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics, HtrA2 was found to be downregulated in the colon of DSS-treated mice. UCF-101, a specific serine protease inhibitor of HtrA2, significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis as indicated by prevention of body weight loss and decreased mortality. UCF-101 decreased DSS-induced colonic inflammation, prevented intestinal barrier function loss and inhibited necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro, UCF-101 or silencing of HtrA2 decreased necroptosis of HT-29 and L929 cells. UCF-101 decreased phosphorylation of RIPK1 and subsequent phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL during necroptosis. Upon necroptotic stimulation, HtrA2 translocated from mitochondria to cytosol. HtrA2 directly interacted with RIPK1 and promoted its degradation during a specific time phase of necroptosis. Our findings highlight the importance of HtrA2 in regulating colitis by modulation of necroptosis and suggest HtrA2 as an attractive target for anti-colitis treatment.
Achievement motivation modulates Pavlovian aversive conditioning to goal-relevant stimuli
Authors: Stussi Yoann , Ferrero Aude , Pourtois Gilles , Sander David
Published: April 2019

Pavlovian aversive conditioning is a fundamental form of learning helping organisms survive in their environment. Previous research has suggested that organisms are prepared to preferentially learn to fear stimuli that have posed threats to survival across evolution. Here, we examined whether enhanced Pavlovian aversive conditioning can occur to stimuli that are relevant to the organism’s concerns beyond biological and evolutionary considerations, and whether such preferential learning is modulated by inter-individual differences in affect and motivation. Seventy-two human participants performed a spatial cueing task where the goal-relevance of initially neutral stimuli was experimentally manipulated. They subsequently underwent a differential Pavlovian aversive conditioning paradigm, in which the goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant stimuli served as conditioned stimuli. Skin conductance response was recorded as an index of the conditioned response and participants’ achievement motivation was measured to examine its impact thereon. Results show that achievement motivation modulated Pavlovian aversive learning to goal-relevant vs. goal-irrelevant stimuli. Participants with high achievement motivation more readily acquired a conditioned response to goal-relevant compared with goal-irrelevant stimuli than did participants with lower achievement motivation. However, no difference was found between goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant stimuli during extinction. These findings suggest that stimuli that are detected as relevant to the organism can induce facilitated Pavlovian aversive conditioning even though they hold no inherent threat value and no biological evolutionary significance, and that the occurrence of such learning bias is critically dependent on inter-individual differences in the organism’s concerns, such as achievement motivation.
Author Correction: Dynamics of the Global Wheat Trade Network and Resilience to Shocks
Authors: Fair Kathyrn R. , Bauch Chris T. , Anand Madhur
Published: April 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Ultraviolet light illuminates the avian nature of the Berlin Archaeopteryx skeleton
Authors: Schwarz Daniela , Kundrát Martin , Tischlinger Helmut , Dyke Gareth , Carney Ryan M.
Published: April 2019

The question of whether the iconic avialanArchaeopteryxwas capable of active flapping flight or only passive gliding is still unresolved. This study contributes to this debate by reporting on two key aspects of this fossil that are visible under ultraviolet (UV) light. In contrast to previous studies, we show that most of the vertebral column of the BerlinArchaeopteryxpossesses intraosseous pneumaticity, and that pneumatic structures also extend beyond the anterior thoracic vertebrae in other specimens ofArchaeopteryx. With a minimum Pneumaticity Index (PI) of 0.39,Archaeopteryxhad a much more lightweight skeleton than has been previously reported, comprising an air sac-driven respiratory system with the potential for a bird-like, high-performance metabolism. The neural spines of the 16thto 22ndpresacral vertebrae in the BerlinArchaeopteryxare bridged by interspinal ossifications, and form a rigid notarium-like structure similar to the condition seen in modern birds. This reinforced vertebral column, combined with the extensive development of air sacs, suggests thatArchaeopteryxwas capable of flapping its wings for cursorial and/or aerial locomotion.
Genome-wide analysis of canine oral malignant melanoma metastasis-associated gene expression
Authors: Bowlt Blacklock K. L. , Birand Z. , Selmic L. E. , Nelissen P. , Murphy S. , Blackwood L. , Bass J. , McKay J. , Fox R. , Beaver S. , Starkey M.
Published: April 2019

Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common canine melanocytic neoplasm. Overlap between the somatic mutation profiles of canine OMM and human mucosal melanomas suggest a shared UV-independent molecular aetiology. In common with human mucosal melanomas, most canine OMM metastasise. There is no reliable means of predicting canine OMM metastasis, and systemic therapies for metastatic disease are largely palliative. Herein, we employed exon microarrays for comparative expression profiling of FFPE biopsies of 18 primary canine OMM that metastasised and 10 primary OMM that did not metastasise. Genes displaying metastasis-associated expression may be targets for anti-metastasis treatments, and biomarkers of OMM metastasis. Reduced expression of CXCL12 in the metastasising OMMs implies that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis may be involved in OMM metastasis. Increased expression of APOBEC3A in the metastasising OMMs may indicate APOBEC3A-induced double-strand DNA breaks and pro-metastatic hypermutation. DNA double strand breakage triggers the DNA damage response network and two Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway members showed elevated expression in the metastasising OMMs. Cross-validation was employed to test a Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier based upon the RT-qPCR-measured expression levels of CXCL12, APOBEC3A and RPL29. Classification accuracies of 94% (metastasising OMMs) and 86% (non-metastasising OMMs) were estimated.
Nanoemulsion-loaded hydrogel coatings for inhibition of bacterial virulence and biofilm formation on solid surfaces
Authors: Prateeksha  , Barik Saroj Kanta , Singh Brahma Nand
Published: April 2019

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria which has become one of the biggest challenges of the twenty-first century for the researchers to combat and in turn search for novel targets which could lead to the development of effective and sustainable therapies. Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence of bacterial pathogens is an emerging approach to address the challenges related to bacterial infections. To suppress the virulence and biofilm formation byEscherichia coliO157:H7 (ECOH), we developed stable nanoemulsion (NE) ofGaultheria fragrantissimaWall. essential oil’s (EO) bioactive compounds, viz., eugenol (E-NE) and methyl salicylate (MS-NE) that showed significantly higher anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activities as compared to eugenol and methyl salicylate without affecting ECOH planktonic cell growth. Transcriptional analysis showed that E-NE and MS-NE reduced the expression of genes, including curli, type I fimbriae, Shiga-like toxins, quorum sensing, andler-controlled toxins, which are needed for biofilm formation, pathogenicity, and attachment. E-NE and MS-NE loaded hydrogel coatings showed superior anti-biofilm activity against ECOH on glass, plastic and meat surfaces as compared to eugenol and methyl salicylate loaded coatings. Conclusively, NE-loaded hydrogel coatings could be used in combating ECOH infection on solid surfaces through anti-biofilm and anti-virulence strategies.
Exploring transition metal fluoride chelates – synthesis, properties and prospects towards potential PET probes
Authors: Blower Philip J. , Levason William , Luthra Sajinder K. , McRobbie Graeme , Monzittu Francesco M. , Mules Thomas O. , Reid Gillian , Subhan M. Nadeem
Published: April 2019

A series of 1st row transition metal trifluoride complexes with neutral N3-donor ligands is described; radiolabelling of [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn); in aqueous MeCN is achieved by 18F/19F isotopic exchange and its stability in PBS and serum established.
Recent advances in inorganic nanomaterials for wound-healing applications
Authors: Nethi Susheel Kumar , Das Sourav , Patra Chitta Ranjan , Mukherjee Sudip
Published: April 2019

The emergence of inorganic nanoparticles has generated considerable expectation for solving various biomedical issues including wound healing and tissue regeneration. This review article highlights the role and recent advancements of inorganic nanoparticles for wound healing and tissue regeneration along with their advantages, clinical status, challenges and future directions.
Sr2Fe1+xRe1−xO6 double perovskites: magnetoresistance and (magneto)thermopower
Authors: Maignan Antoine , Martin Christine , Lebedev Oleg , Sottmann Jonas , Nataf Lucie , Baudelet François , Hébert Sylvie , Carbonio Raúl E.
Published: April 2019

Polycrystalline Sr2Fe1+xRe1−xO6 samples have been synthesized, structurally characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and measurements of their magnetotransport properties were performed.
(R)-Binaphthyl derivatives as chiral dopants: substituent position controlled circularly polarized luminescence in liquid crystals
Authors: Gao Xiaohui , Qin Xujin , Yang Xuefeng , Li Yuangang , Duan Pengfei
Published: April 2019

Chiral liquid crystals (N*-LCs) induced by binaphthyl derivatives which have the same (R)-configuration exhibited opposite circularly polarized luminescence.
A COOH-terminated nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel as a bulk electrode for completely selective two-electron oxygen reduction to H2O2
Authors: Zhao Hongying , Shen Xuqian , Chen Ying , Zhang Shi-Nan , Gao Peng , Zhen Xiangjun , Li Xin-Hao , Zhao Guohua
Published: April 2019

A COOH-terminated nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel exhibited 100% selectivity to two-electron oxygen reduction, exceeding reported carbonaceous and noble metal catalysts.
The interaction of ethylammonium tetrafluoroborate [EtNH3+][BF4−] ionic liquid on the Li(001) surface: towards understanding early SEI formation on Li metal
Authors: Clarke-Hannaford Jonathan , Breedon Michael , Best Adam S. , Spencer Michelle J. S.
Published: April 2019

Dissociation of an ionic liquid is not necessarily a requirement for the formation of an SEI layer.
Molecular mechanism of HIV-1 TAT peptide and its conjugated gold nanoparticles translocating across lipid membranes
Authors: Quan Xuebo , Sun Delin , Zhou Jian
Published: April 2019

It is demonstrated that the translocation of TAT peptides and TAT–AuNP complexes across lipid membranes is related to the peptide concentration and the number of grafted TAT peptides on the particle surface, respectively, which is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions.
Aryl C–O oxidative addition of phenol derivatives to nickel supported by an N-heterocyclic carbene via a Ni0 five-centered complex
Authors: Uthayopas Chayapat , Surawatanawong Panida
Published: April 2019

An aryl ether with the assistance of organoaluminum, an aryl sulfonate/sulfamate and an ester/carbamate proceeds towards C–O bond cleavage via a Ni0 five-centered complex.
Metal-directed self-assembly of transition metal heterometallascorpionates
Authors: Pastor-Medrano Jesús , Rodríguez-Raya Francisco R. , Bernabé-Pablo Erandi , Mireles-Chávez Daniel A. , Jancik Vojtech , Martínez-Otero Diego , Moya-Cabrera Mónica
Published: April 2019

3d metal-based heterometallascorpionates featuring high-spin Co(ii) and Ni(ii) centers were prepared and their structural, magnetic and electronic properties investigated.
A flexible and conductive metallic paper-based current collector with energy storage capability in supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Li Yaoyin , Wang Qiyuan , Wang Yong , Bai Mingjun , Shao Jian , Ji Hongjun , Feng Huanhuan , Zhang Jiaheng , Ma Xing , Zhao Weiwei
Published: April 2019

Flexible and conductive paper-based current collectors are fabricated by directly depositing metallic Ni layer composed of spiny Ni nanospheres on the surface of paper via electroless deposition and exhibit excellent mechanical properties and electrochemical performance.
Hot electron science in plasmonics and catalysis: what we argue about
Authors: Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: April 2019

This paper summarises the challenges and perspectives arising from the Faraday Discussion on Hot-electron science and microscopic processes in plasmonics and catalysis held in February 2019.
Fluorinated nanobodies for targeted molecular imaging of biological samples using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Kabatas Selda , Agüi-Gonzalez Paola , Hinrichs Rena , Jähne Sebastian , Opazo Felipe , Diederichsen Ulf , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Phan Nhu T. N.
Published: April 2019

Specific labeling of cellular proteins with fluorinated nanobodies enables their visualization in nanoSIMS.
Direct writing of optical microresonators in a lab-on-a-chip for label-free biosensing
Authors: Kelemen L. , Lepera E. , Horváth B. , Ormos P. , Osellame R. , Martínez Vázquez R.
Published: April 2019

Hybrid femtosecond laser fabrication of a glass lab-on-a-chip, with an integrated whispering gallery mode resonator, for label-free biomolecule sensing.
Complexes of lanthanides(iii) with mixed 2,2′-bipyridyl and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline chelating ligands as a new class of promising anti-cancer agents
Authors: Qin Qi-Pin , Wang Zhen-Feng , Tan Ming-Xiong , Huang Xiao-Ling , Zou Hua-Hong , Zou Bi-Qun , Shi Bei-Bei , Zhang Shu-Hua
Published: April 2019

Five novel lanthanides(iii) complexes, [Lu(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Lu), [Ho(MeO)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeOMBrQ-Ho), [Ho(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Ho), [La(Me)2(BrQ)2NO3] (MeBrQ-La) and [Sm(Me)(BrQ)2(CH3OH)NO3] (MeBrQ-Sm), have been synthesized, in which 2,2′-bipyridyl (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (Me) and 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine (MeO)) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline derivatives (5,7-dibromo-2-methyl-8-quinolinol (MBrQ-H) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol (BrQ-H)) act as the chelating ligands. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the five Ln(iii) complexes have been studied with the SK-OV-3/DDP, NCI-H460 and HeLa cancer cells. MeMBrQ-Lu, MeOMBrQ-Ho, MeMBrQ-Ho, MeBrQ-La and MeBrQ-Sm show higher cytotoxicity against the HeLa cells (IC50 values of 1.00 nM–3.45 μM) than cisplatin (13.11 ± 0.53 μM). In particular, the MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho complexes exhibit superior cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values at 1.00 ± 0.34 nM and 125.00 ± 1.08 nM. We further demonstrate that MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells by inhibiting telomerase and targeting mitochondria to induce DNA damage-mediated apoptosis. In addition, MeOMBrQ-Ho significantly inhibits tumor growth with a tumor growth inhibition rate (IR) of 50.8% in a HeLa mouse xenograft model. Taken together, MeOMBrQ-Ho is a novel lanthanide(iii) complex with promising antitumor activity.
Bicontinuous mesoporous Co, N co-doped carbon catalysts with high catalytic performance for ethylbenzene oxidation
Authors: Zhang Lushuang , Jie Shanshan , Liu Zhigang
Published: April 2019

Bicontinuous Co, N co-doped mesoporous carbon catalysts achieved superior catalytic performance for selective oxidation of ethylbenzene.
The extraordinary richness of the reaction between diazomethane and tetracyanoethylene: can computational calculations shed light on old papers?
Authors: Elguero José , Alkorta Ibon
Published: April 2019

In the quest of the structure of the intermediate between Δ1- and Δ2-pyrazolines, the reactivity of these molecules tetrasubstituted by cyano groups in adjacent positions (3,3,4,4 or 4,4,5,5) has been explored in their neutral and protonated forms.
Optical resonance coupling in compositionally different nanocube–nanosphere heterodimers
Authors: Muhammed Mufasila Mumthaz , Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: April 2019

Plasmonic nanoparticle dimers with interparticle gap distances (d) in the nanometer scale are able to produce huge electromagnetic field enhancements in the gap region, useful for novel optical applications.
Fabrication of Fe3O4@UiO-66-SO3H core–shell functional adsorbents for highly selective and efficient removal of organic dyes
Authors: Lv Shi-Wen , Liu Jing-Min , Li Chun-Yang , Ma Hui , Wang Zhi-Hao , Zhao Ning , Wang Shuo
Published: April 2019

A novel magnetic nanocomposite with a core–shell structure was first synthesized and employed as an adsorbent to selectively remove methylene blue.
Construction of a Ce3+doped CeO2/Bi2MoO6heterojunction with a mutual component activation system for highly enhancing the visible-light photocatalytic activity for removal of TC or Cr(vi)
Authors: Yang Gui , Liang Yujun , Li Kai , Yang Jian , Xu Rui , Xie Xianjun
Published: April 2019

A synergetic effect of a mutual activation system enhancing the photo-oxidation and reduction ability of a C-BMO heterojunction.
A fluorescence and photoactivity dual-activatable prodrug with self-synergistic magnification of the anticancer effect
Authors: Li Jun , Ni Xiang , Zhang Jingtian , Liang Yong , Gao Zhiyuan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zheng Donghui , Ding Dan
Published: April 2019

A hydroxycamptothecin prodrug is developed, which can self-report the drug distribution and achieve self-synergistic anticancer efficacy through oxidation therapy.
A two-step modelling approach for plasma reactors – experimental validation for CO2 dissociation in surface wave microwave plasma
Authors: Moreno Sergio H. , Stankiewicz Andrzej I. , Stefanidis Georgios D.
Published: April 2019

Modelling approach that comprises a 2D self-consistent plasma model for discharge characterization in the first step and a 0D global plasma model for performance analysis in the second step.
Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon materials with hierarchical porous structures for high-performance supercapacitors in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Li Yuntong , Liu Ling , Wu Yuzhe , Wu Tong , Wu Haiyang , Cai Qipeng , Xu Yiting , Zeng Birong , Yuan Conghui , Dai Lizong
Published: April 2019

Hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon materials possess an outstanding supercapacitance performance in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.
Unique nanosheet–nanowire structured CoMnFe layered triple hydroxide arrays as self-supporting electrodes for a high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Guo Meichen , Zhou Lingxi , Li Yao , Zheng Qiaoji , Xie Fengyu , Lin Dunmin
Published: April 2019

Developing highly active and low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to meet industrial criteria is vitally essential.
Large-scale computational assembly of ionic liquid/MOF composites: synergistic effect in the wire-tube conformation for efficient CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Lan Youshi , Yan Tongan , Tong Minman , Zhong Chongli
Published: April 2019

High-throughput construction of IL/MOF composites and discovery of the synergistic effect in the wire-tube conformation for efficient CO2/CH4 separation.
Linear daily UC model to improve the transient stability of power system
Authors: Naghdalian Salar , Amraee Turaj , Kamali Sadegh
Published: April 2019

As coherency of generators decreases, the risk of rotor angle instability increases, especially under severe contingencies. The slow coherency as a network characteristic may be controlled by the locations of committed generators. Unit commitment (UC) problem is conventionally carried out regarding operational and network constraints. In this study, a two‐step strategy is developed to promote the slow coherency via the network constrained UC (NCUC) model on a daily horizon. First, conventional NCUC is executed. The most important generators with both economic and coherency merits are then determined as representative generators. In the second step, the Slow Coherency Based Unit Commitment (SCBUC) is re‐optimisedaccording to the results obtained from the first step, using a multi‐objective function. The first part of the multi‐objective function is devoted to the cost of generation, start‐up, and shutdown of generators. The goal of the second part of the multi‐objective function is to maximise the coherency between the committed generators to reach a transient stability margin. The proposed model is converted to a mixed integer linear programming model. The performance of the proposed method of promoting transient stability is investigated using the dynamic IEEE 118‐bus test system.
Residualisation‐based model order reduction in power networks with penetration of photovoltaic resources
Authors: Parang Benyamin , Mohammadi Mohammad , Arefi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: April 2019

With the accelerating advances in renewable energy technologies and growing penetration of these sources as distributed generation units in the power systems and utility networks, designing controllers has become more complicated. Model order reduction is a proper way to ease this process. In this study, an order reduction procedure based on the residualisation method is designed to reduce the order of the system. The major advantage of the residualisation method is its capability in preserving steady‐state gain of the system. This characteristic increases the accuracy of the approximated system, which is demanded in designing the controller. The model of a slightly modified IEEE 14 bus test system with penetration of photovoltaic resources is implemented and reduced through the proposed procedure. Simulation results show the better performance of the residualisation‐based method in the steady state compared with three other widely used methods.