bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermittent rolling is a defect of the extravasation cascade caused by Myosin1e-deficiency in neutrophils
Authors: Vadillo Eduardo , Chánez-Paredes Sandra , Vargas-Robles Hilda , Guerrero-Fonseca Idaira María , Castellanos-Martínez Ramón , García-Ponce Alexander , Nava Porfirio , Girón-Pérez Daniel Alberto , Santos-Argumedo Leopoldo , Schnoor Michael
Published: December 2019

Significance

Myosin1e is a protein regulating actin cytoskeleton functions, which has not been studied in the context of neutrophil recruitment during inflammation. Using intravital microscopy of inflamed tissue in WT and myosin1e-deficient mice, we show that absence of myosin1e inhibits neutrophil migration out of the blood stream into inflamed tissue. Neutrophils lacking myosin1e show defective actin cytoskeleton polymerization, integrin activation, and aberrant rolling behavior termed “intermittent rolling,” suggesting that myosin1e is important for strengthening adhesive interactions of neutrophils with the vascular endothelium. Our findings are significant as they highlight myosin1e as a critical regulator of inflammatory neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Thus, myosin1e could be a therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases.
Challenges and New Horizons in Substance use and Addictions: Overview of the 2019 Conference of the Association of Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance use and Addiction (AMERSA)
Authors: Mountain-Ray Shannon , Simeone Claire , Hadland Scott E. , Finnell Deborah S. , Northup Rebecca , MacLane-Baeder Doreen
Published: December 2019

The morbidity and mortality associated with opioids, alcohol and other substances challenges clinicians, educators, researchers and policy makers to address these preventable health problems. Interventions are needed to address the many and complex factors that are needed for access to and receipt of life-saving treatment and resources for those who are at risk because of substance use and those with substance use disorders. This article provides an overview of the 43rd annual conference of the Association of Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance use and Addiction (AMERSA) held in Boston, MA on November 7–9, 2019. With more than 500 attendees from the nursing, social work, behavioral health, psychiatry, medicine, pharmacy, research and policy among others, the conference provided a platform to address challenges and new horizons in substance and addiction prevention, treatment and research, as well as opportunities for collegial discussion and networking.
Studies on the growth and mortality of invasive Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in sub-tropical river Yamuna, part of Gangetic River system, India
Authors: Alam Absar , Chadha Narendra Kumar , Chakraborty Sushant Kumar , Joshi Kripal Datt , Kumar Tarkeshwar , Das Shyamal Chandra Sukla , Roy Sibnarayan Dam , Rizvi Anees Fatima , Sawant Paromita Banerjee , Kumar Jeetendra
Published: December 2019

Growth parameters, mortality, growth performance index and exploitation ratio of Oreochromis niloticus were assessed based on the length-frequency data collected fortnightly from the Allahabad stretch of the Yamuna, India, during September 2011 to August 2013. The size of the catch ranged between 70 and 495 mm total length. The data was analyzed using the Electronic Length Frequency Analysis module in FiSAT software. Asymptotic length and growth coefficient were estimated as 562 mm total length and 0.58 year−1, respectively. Total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality coefficients were 3.74, 1.015 and 2.725 yr−1, respectively. The growth coefficient index was calculated as 3.26. The exploitation ratio worked out as 0.667, indicated that the stock was slightly overexploited. Estimated growth at the end of I, II and III years was 247, 386 and 463 mm total length, respectively. The observed multi-year survivorship based on the length frequency data from the river Yamuna in O. niloticus suggested that it has successfully established in the non-native environment and is rapidly spreading in other tributaries of the river Ganga. The recruitment pattern was observed to be continuous throughout the year, with several micro-cohorts and two overlapping peaks of unequal pulse strengths. Estimated maximum sustainable yield for this species in the Allahabad stretch of the river Yamuna was 27.13 t. This study can form an important base for future research work in the management of this invasive species in the Gangetic river system in India.
On the Equivalence of von Neumann and Thermodynamic Entropy
Authors: Prunkl Carina E. A.
Published: December 2019

In 1932, John von Neumann argued for the equivalence of the thermodynamic entropy and −Trρlnρ, since known as the von Neumann entropy. Meir Hemmo and Orly R. Shenker recently challenged this argument by pointing out an alleged discrepancy between the two entropies in the single-particle case, concluding that they must be distinct. In this article, their argument is shown to be problematic as it (a) allows for a violation of the second law of thermodynamics and (b) is based on an incorrect calculation of the von Neumann entropy.
On numerical modelling of gas flows through axisymmetric porous object with heterogeneous combustion sources under forced filtration
Authors: Borovik K G
Published: December 2019

The time-dependent gas flows through axisymmetric porous objects with heterogeneous combustion sources are considered. The mathematical model, which describes the process, and the numerical method are proposed. The regimes of heterogeneous combustion wave propagation in axisymmetric porous object with various location of ignition zones under forced filtration are investigated. It is shown that the gas tends to bend around the heated zone and flows through colder regions as in the case of two-dimensional plane flows.
Physical model of a heterogeneous medium as applied to nuclear medicine
Authors: Denisova N V
Published: December 2019

In nuclear medicine, a patient is administered a radiolabeled pharmaceutical which is distributed in various organs of a patient body. The patient body with distributed emitting radiopharmaceutical is a heterogeneous medium. In this work, the problem of reconstructing the image of the human brain using single-photon emission tomography (SPET) is considered. To obtain the image, the statistical MAP-ENT algorithm is applied. To develop this algorithm, it is necessary to formulate a priori information about the object to be reconstructed. The distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in the patient’s body is a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of non-interacting radiopharmaceutical particles. This distribution is described using the Boltzmann model of a non-equilibrium isolated system. For such a system, one can write the entropy functional, which determines the a priori model. The algorithm was tested using the Hoffman mathematical model, which simulates the distribution of a radiopharmaceutical in the human brain. In numerical experiments, the properties of the MAP-ENT algorithm were studied under conditions close to clinical practice. The results have shown the prospects of the MAP-ENT algorithm.
The formation of heterogeneous wear-resistant coatings by the additive technology method
Authors: Golyshev A A , Malikov A G , Orishich A M
Published: December 2019

The microstructure, hardness property and wear resistance coatings of WC, Ni-Cr and Fe powders deposited by laser cladding at varying processing parameters were investigated. The results of the present study revealed the prospects of multilayer cladding of R6M5 high-speed tool steel (analogy of M2 steel) onto low-alloy steel with the use of a laser beam. Controlling thermal cycles of laser cladding, it is possible to obtain a clad coating made of high-speed steel having the structure of high-alloy austenite martensite mixture with disperse inclusions of carbides up to 10 mm thick, i.e., it is actually possible to create bimetal structures. The wear resistance of the laser-clad self-fluxing PG-10N-01 (Ni-Cr-B-Si-C) alloy increases by a factor of 5 due to additional hardening by cast tungsten carbide with spherical particles. As a result, it becomes higher than the wear resistance of high-speed steel by more than a factor of 3.
Study of the mechanism of attenuation of thermocapillary convection of the melt during laser powder cladding
Authors: Kovalev O B , Gurin A M
Published: December 2019

The results of a numerical solution of the thermocapillary microconvection problem arising under the action of laser radiation in a liquid metal during laser surface treatment are presented. A characteristic feature of the behavior of particles of refractory metals in a multi-vortex melt pool is revealed. The influence of falling powder particles in the melt on the inhibition of thermocapillary convection is estimated. The mechanisms of slowing the melt flow associated with the addition of powder components for laser alloying or cladding is discussed. The results of three-dimensional calculations are presented, which show how these mechanisms can work.
Numerical simulation of the high-speed interaction of a spherical impactor with a system of spaced heterogeneous plates
Authors: Kraus A E , Kraus E I , Shabalin I I
Published: December 2019

A 3D non-stationary problem of the interaction of space debris spherical particle and spaced protective screens is considered. To verify the 3D code, a series of calculations was performed of the impact of a spherical impactor made of ShKh15 steel at speed of 3.02 km/s with a spaced barrier consisting of three homogeneous plates, the first two made of AMg6 alloy and the third one made of steel 10. Comparison of the results of numerical calculations for hole diameters with experimental data showed (2-5)% compliance. The collisions of steel spheres with AMg6 plates were calculated at an angle to the normal. To compare the resistance of the protective system, homogeneous screens were replaced by plates of heterogeneous material AMg6+B4C. It was shown that with the same mass characteristics, a heterogeneous system of screens had increased resistance compared to a homogeneous system.
Justification of the asymptotic behavior of the filtration theory regimes by the method of conditional moment
Authors: Mishin A V
Published: December 2019

In the work, a substantiation of the filtration modes is proposed by the method of conditional moments. The Navier-Stokes stationary equation of motion is used as initial equation. The calculations within the framework of this model include the construction of a solution of stochastic equations by the Green’s function method, the subsequent conditional averaging of this solution, the direct and inverse Fourier transform in order to extract the integrals containing the structure of the medium and to obtain the desired averaged equations, respectively. At large Reynolds numbers, inertial terms dominate. When averaging them, a structural form of the quadratic filtration law is obtained. At low Reynolds numbers, the viscous terms make the main contribution, the averaging of which leads to Darcy’s law.
Numerical simulation of particle beam focusing in a supersonic nozzle with rectangular cross-section
Authors: Shershnev A A , Kudryavtsev A N
Published: December 2019

Particle-laden flow in 3D supersonic micronozzle with rectangular cross-section and side walls convergent/divergent in both lateral and transversal direction is studied numerically using a one-way coupled Eulerian/Lagrangian approach. The carrier gas flow is simulated numerically on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations and then is used to calculate the particles trajectories. It is shown that a collimated beam of particles can be produced using the effect of aerodynamic focusing and the beam collimation is observed in two different ranges of particle sizes. Obtained results are consistent with previously obtained data for plane and axisymmetrical nozzles.
The effect of ball milling in a planetary mill on aluminium particles microstructure and properties of cold sprayed coatings
Authors: Vidyuk T M , Chesnokov A E , Smirnov A V , Shikalov V S
Published: December 2019

Cold spraying allows one to obtain coatings without significant powder particles overheating. Hence, cold sprayed coatings have properties similar to that of sprayed particles. This paper shows results of the aluminium powder preparation for cold spraying. It is demonstrated that preliminary ball milling in the high-energy mill «Activator-2SL» has a significant impact on the particles shape and its structure. The ball milled particles have layered structure containing of a variety of the ultrafine aluminium particles.
Numerical investigations of dam-break flow problem
Authors: Yakovenko S N , Yakovenko E E , Chang K C
Published: December 2019

A dam-break flow of water above horizontal dry bottom is studied numerically, after the comprehensive review of available literature. Computation tools include different interface resolution techniques and the continuous surface tension force model. The results are compared with the measurement data. It is shown that surface tension leads to the motion suppression and, therefore, to the acceleration decrease, providing closer agreement with laboratory experiments.
Estimation of the initiation energy of detonation excited by a fast moving body
Authors: Bedarev I A , Temerbekov V M
Published: December 2019

The results of numerical study of the detonation initiation by small diameter spherical supersonic projectile in reacting mixture are presented. A stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen mixture diluted with argon was used as a reacting medium. The reduced kinetic scheme of chemical reactions was used in our study. The flow regimes and the detonation cell size obtained numerically and experimentally were compared and showed good agreement. Calculations for various sphere diameters at fixed pressure were carried out. The detonation initiation energy for the calculated data was estimated.
Filtration combustion inside a porous cylindrical pipe with axial gas flow
Authors: Dats E P , Minaev S S , Kirdyashkin A I
Published: December 2019

The filtration gas combustion in a porous tube with injection of a combustible mixture through the end surface of a porous cylindrical tube is theoretically studied. The simulation of the filtration gas combustion was carried out in the framework of the two-temperature thermal-diffusion model. Numerical modeling allowed to estimate the range of gas flow rates at which a stable combustion regime is observed, to find the temperature distribution in the gas and the porous body, and to evaluate the radiation fluxes inside the reactor.
Propagation of shock waves formed by explosion of the air-propylene mixture in a T-pipeline
Authors: Fedorova N N , Fomin P A , Valger S A
Published: December 2019

The paper deals with mathematical modelling of the process of an explosion of a cloud of reactive gases and its impact on the environment. The research may be relevant to ensure fire safety and to prevent explosion hazards at industrial production facilities that use reactive gas mixtures as a working medium and at high-pressure industrial pipelines used for their transportation. The goal of the study is to develop and test a computational technology for numerical modelling of clouds of reactive gas mixture expansions and loads evaluation. To describe the chemical processes in the explosion, a simplified mathematical model is proposed which based on the assumption of frozen chemical reactions. Using the model, a set of User Defined Functions is implemented in ANSYS Fluent and applied for solving a problem of a “propylene-air” cloud explosion inside the T-shape tube with two closed and one open ends.
Propagation of cellular detonation in a gas suspension in the presence of a concentration gradient
Authors: Khmel T A , Fomin P A
Published: December 2019

Models for the description of detonation flows in inhomogeneous gas particle mixtures are presented. The physical and mathematical model of heterogeneous detonation of aluminum suspensions is based on approaches to the mechanics of heterogeneous media and semi-empirical laws of ignition and combustion of particles. The model is extended for suspensions that are inhomogeneous in particle concentrations. This suggests the solution of an additional equation for the spatial distribution of initial concentrations. The dependence of the integral heat release of chemical reactions and the fraction of unburned particles on the initial composition is determined from the solution of the stationary problem of the structure of the detonation wave and its agreement with empirical data on the rate of normal detonation. The model for describing detonation in mixtures of reacting gases with inert particles is based on an analysis of the state of chemical equilibrium. The problem of the initiation and development of cellular detonation in a flat channel in the presence of a longitudinal or transverse gradient of the concentration of aluminium particles is considered. The limits of changes in concentrations from poor to super stoichiometric compositions are considered for 1 μm particles. When detonation propagates along a channel with a longitudinal positive (negative) concentration gradient, the cellular structures do not change, but the average and peak values of pressure and phase density increase (decrease). With a transverse concentration gradient, cell-like structures with a curved front, asymmetric and strongly elongated cells form in the channel. The results are consistent with studies of similar gas detonation flows.
Study of propagation of heterogeneous detonation in a layer of aluminium particles
Authors: Khmel T A , Lavruk S A
Published: December 2019

The propagation of heterogeneous detonation along a channel partially filled with a reacting mixture is considered using numerical simulation methods. Two different regimes of propagation are observed. Flow patterns and fields of maximum pressure are analyzed. It is found that decrease of the cloud thickness leads to decreasing velocity of detonation propagation.
Combustion of a coal dust suspension in a pipe during the swirl
Authors: Moiseeva K M , Krainov A Yu , Tarasenko Yu A
Published: December 2019

This manuscript presents the research on the combustion problem of a coal dust suspension in a pipe under the swirl flow condition. The physico-mathematical model is based on the approaches of the mechanics of multiphase reacting media by R. I. Nigmatulin. The solution to the problem is performed in a two-dimensional axisymmetric formulation. Godunov’s scheme is used to solve the equation system of the model. The paper provides the results of the parametric analysis of the problem and data on the influence of the flow swirl on the gas temperature fields in the pipe at the initial stage of combustion. The presence of a significantly swirl flow leads to the incomplete combustion of coal dust in the pipe.
Experimental study of the low-melting hydrocarbons regression rate in the air flow
Authors: Shiplyuk A N , Zvegintsev V I , Frolov S M , Vnuchkov D A , Lukashevich S V , Nalivaychenko D G
Published: December 2019

Gasification of organic and inorganic materials in a high-temperature gas flow is a promising technology for various industrial applications like chemical industry, waste processing, rocket and air-breathing propulsion, etc. However, the characteristics of the gasification process of low-melting hydrocarbon materials remain insufficiently studied so far. In this work, experiments on the gasification of cylindrical polypropylene (PP) samples by the airflow passing through multiple longitudinal channels 3 to 4 mm in diameter and 200 mm long are performed. The temperature, pressure, and velocity of the airflow in the experiments range from 300 to 1500 K, 0.35 to 1.38 MPa, and 17 to 100 m/s. As expected, oxygen available in the airflow interacts with PP and creates an additional heat source for PP gasification, thus, enhancing the gasification process. At an airflow temperature of 1480 K, the maximum mass flow rate of gasification products is shown to attain 17.7 g/s. The minimum ratio of the mass flow rates of the airflow and gasification products reaches the value of 2. In tests with airflow temperature of 300 K, the maximum mass flow rate of gasification products is 8.5 g/s. The minimum ratio of the mass flow rates of airflow and gasification products is 5 in these experiments.
An experimental study of the combustion of paraffin and ceresin with the addition of metal-organic compounds in an oxygen stream
Authors: Shiplyuk A N , Lukashevich S V , Simagina V I , Netskina O V , Komova O V
Published: December 2019

Experimental studies of the combustion of experimental samples of ceresin and paraffin with the addition of metal-organic compounds in a gaseous oxygen flow were performed. The tests were carried out at a pressure of 8.5 to 10.5 bar and an oxygen flow velocity of 10.5 m/s. An increase in specific impulse of 10% was obtained for samples based on ceresin and from 6 to 18% for samples based on paraffin.
Innovative projects of the development of high-speed transport in Russia
Authors: Fomin V M , Malov V Y , Nalivaychenko D G
Published: December 2019

Continuous development of transport systems at the state level is an urgent task, the success of which will largely determine the dynamics of improving the quality of life and trade and economic efficiency of regions, cities and the state as a whole. To make a qualitative transition to a fundamentally new concept of transport is possible only based on scientifically sound approaches and fundamental analysis of all aspects of the creation and operation of the transport system.
Evolution of artificial disturbances in swept wing supersonic boundary layer
Authors: Kolosov G L , Panina A V , Kosinov A D , Kosorygin V S , Yatskikh A A
Published: December 2019

Experimental data on the evolution of artificial controlled travelling disturbances in a three-dimensional supersonic boundary layer on a 45° swept wing at Mach number 2.0 is presented. Artificial disturbances were introduced in the boundary layer using a periodical glow discharge with a frequency of 20 kHz. Pulsations of the boundary layer were measured with a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer and the probe moved parallel and not parallel to the leading edge of the model. In both cases spatial-temporal and spectral-wave characteristics of the wave train development were obtained and quantitatively compared with each other. This paper discusses the suitability of the method for measuring fluctuations fields when the probe is moving not parallel to the leading edge of the model.
Flame propagation features in still wood dust suspension in the air
Authors: Moiseeva K M , Krainov A Yu , Chentsova S K
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the numerical investigation on combustion of a still wood dust suspension on the air. The aim of the research is to determine the flame propagation features through the suspension under changing the size and mass concentration of the dust particles. The manuscript also provides data on parametric analysis of the problem. The conducted simulation has shown that the shape of the flame depends on the size, the particle mass concentration and the content of volatile components in the particles.
Features of the interaction of localized free-stream disturbances with the straight and swept wing boundary layer
Authors: Katasonov M M , Kozlov V V , Pavlenko A M , Sadovskii I A
Published: December 2019

Under the conditions of a model experiment, the features of the appearance and spatial development the boundary layer disturbances – wave packets (precursors) and longitudinal localized structures were studied. Localized disturbances were created artificially upon local exposure of an external source to the boundary layer of the straight and swept wing with a low turbulence level of incoming flow. Wave packets formed near the fronts of longitudinal localized structures. The studies were carried out in a subsonic low-turbulent wind tunnel. Flow perturbations were recorded using a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer.
An experimental study of the influence of the type of turbulent wake on the flow around models of wings of various shapes
Authors: Pavlenko A M , Zanin B Yu , Katasonov M M , Bykov A V
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of experimental studies aimed at studying the influence of the type of turbulent wake on the flow around models of various shapes. The patterns of visualization of flow structure for each flow regime were obtained on all models. The structure of the turbulent wake in space for two sources of disturbances is investigated. A comparison was made between the results. It was found that, depending on the type of turbulent wake, the separation region can significantly decrease in size.
Dynamics of drying of fibrous material by the acoustic-convective method
Authors: Zhilin A A
Published: December 2019

The drying of a cellulosic fibrous material by acoustic-convective and thermal-convective methods under different conditions has been studied. Using the thermal-vacuum drying method, the weight of an absolutely dry sample of the starting material was determined and used to calculate the initial absolute and relative moisture contents, which were 12.38% and 10.96%, respectively. The dynamics of capillary impregnation and sorption wetting of samples was determined. The limiting values of the absolute and relative moisture content of cellulose fibers were found to be 862.16% and 89.47%, respectively. The kinetic curves of moisture extraction obtained in acoustic-convective and thermal-convective drying under different conditions were constructed, analyzed, and compared. It is shown that the acoustic-convective extraction of moisture has an advantage over the thermal-convective method.
Comparison of nonequilibrium dissociation models in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method
Authors: Galeyev A Ye , Kashkovsky A V , Shevyrin A A , Bondar Ye A
Published: December 2019

Various chemical dissociation reactions models (Total collision energy model – TCE, Quantum Kinetic model – QK and Extended vibrational bias model – EVB) were implemented in the direct simulation Monte Carlo code SMILE++. It was shown that the dissociation models considered predict the same reaction rate over a wide range of temperatures in thermal equilibrium case. The analysis for the nonequilibrium case was carried out on the basis of dissociating nitrogen gas flow modelling around the wedge for the Hornung and Smith experiments conditions. All dissociation models proposed predict various results both in the standoff distance of the bow shock wave and in the temperature values behind it. It was generally shown, that taking into account the vibrational favoring (during dissociation) results in decreasing the reaction rate, which can be manifested in increasing the shock wave standoff distance.
Reduction in surface climate change achieved by the 1987 Montreal Protocol
Authors: Goyal Rishav , England Matthew H , Sen Gupta Alex , Jucker Martin
Published: December 2019

The benefits of the 1987 Montreal Protocol in reducing chlorofluorocarbon emissions, repairing the stratospheric ozone hole, shielding incoming UV radiation, reducing the incidence of skin cancer and mitigating negative ecosystem effects are all well documented. Projected future climate impacts have also been described, mainly focused on a reduced impact of the mid-latitude jet as the ozone hole gradually repairs. However, there is little appreciation of the surface warming that has been avoided as a result of the Montreal Protocol, despite CFCs being potent greenhouse gases. Instead, the issue of ozone depletion and climate change are often thought of as two distinct problems, even though both ozone and CFCs impact Earth’s radiation budget. Here we show that a substantial amount of warming has been avoided because of the Montreal Protocol, even after factoring in the surface cooling associated with stratospheric ozone depletion. As of today, as much as 1.1 °C warming has been avoided over parts of the Arctic. Future climate benefits are even stronger, with 3 °C–4 °C Arctic warming and ∼1 °C global average warming avoided by 2050; corresponding to a ∼25% mitigation of global warming. The Montreal Protocol has thus not only been a major success in repairing the stratospheric ozone hole, it has also achieved substantial mitigation of anthropogenic climate change both today and into the future.
Foundation stability on sandy soil due to excessive pore water pressure: laboratory observations
Authors: Hakam A , Yuliet R , Risayanti  , Putra H G , Sunaryo
Published: December 2019

Pore water pressure is a factor which contributes to foundation stability. The change in pore water pressure in soil mass may affect the bearing capacity of the foundation. Especially for sandy soil, the increased pore pressure may cause the foundation collapse. This study investigates the stability of soil-foundation system due to the increase of pore pressure using a scaled model in the laboratory. The sands were taken from Siteba Padang and sieved pass through sieve no. 40. The calculated relative density of sample in the box model is 51.76%, which indicated the medium sand density. The model was made up to obtain saturated condition. The increased pore water pressure was performed using upwards seepage method in several steps, which are monitored through piezometer pipes. The tests results show that at the last step, the sand boil happened on the soil surface that result the sink of foundation model. It also indicates the loss of bearing capacity due to the loss of effective stress in the soil mass. The Mohr-graphs is also performed to figures the stress in the soil mass. The graph also can show the collapse points in the soil mass during the test.
Strategy for developing sustainable ecotourism
Authors: Wahono P , Poernomo D , Kusumah M S
Published: December 2019

This paper examines tourism development using a sustainable ecotourism strategy. Tourism drives the world economy that is being hit by a crisis, but tourism also has the potential to damage the environment, if not carefully managed. A particular strategy for tourism development is needed as a way to deal with the trade-offs between economic progress versus environmental damage. Indonesia, as the world’s largest archipelagic country and the nation with the most diverse cultures, is actively developing tourism. The findings of the study in Banyuwangi, an area that is directly adjacent to the Bali tourist destinations, shows that ecotourism can minimize the adverse effects of tourism development. Until now, at least the implementation of ecotourism can be a way out of environmental preservation while fulfilling the economic demands of the community. The Banyuwangi Government commitment is also an essential aspect for the success of this strategy. Coastal, mountain, and cultural conservation tourism have also become a tourist attraction. This study used a qualitative method to explain the process and phenomenon in that area. Data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD) with representatives of local government and tourism actors.
Termite assemblage structure in Batam Island, Indonesia
Authors: Himmi S K , Wikantyoso B , Ismayati M , Fajar A , Meisyara D , Krishanti N P R A , Zulfiana D , Lestari A S , Tarmadi D , Kartika T , Yusuf S , Takematsu Y , Yoshimura T
Published: December 2019

Termite’s biodiversity is known to be strongly affected by disturbance, particularly in an urban area. The present study evaluated termite biodiversity and distribution in Batam Botanical Garden, an urban conservation area in Batam Island. In the surveyed area, termites could play a major beneficial role through the promotion of essential ecological processes in ecosystems, such as soil modification and rehabilitation; as well as their well-established role as pests for vegetation. Therefore, biodiversity evaluation of termite is very important to identify economically and ecologically important species. Termite survey had been conducted by a 100 × 2 m belt-transect. Transect area was divided into 20 sections (5 × 2 m), in which each section was surveyed for 30 minutes by two trained people. In total, 106 specimens (15 termite genera) were collected from three sampling sites: Plantation, Mangrove forest, and Forest.
The mapping of sustainable food agriculture land in Kediri City
Authors: Sari K E , Deswita F V
Published: December 2019

Land is the main capital for agricultural sector’s development. Kediri City has the potential agricultural land area of 1900 ha, which spreads in three districts (Mojoroto, Pesantren, and Kota). 0,27% of Kediri’s Regional income comes from the agriculture sector and provide 30% of the food needs of Kediri City. The sustainability of agriculture lands in Kediri competes with other sectors which become the leading sector of Kediri such as Industry, services, and tourism. The government of Kediri City has the potential agricultural land assets of 548 ha to be developed into sustainable food agriculture land. However, the existing conditions indicate most of the rice agriculture land of Kediri planted with sugar cane, which is not food commodity. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the physical potential of the Kediri agriculture land and analyze the needs of food agriculture land in Kediri City based on population projection. Variables needed to analyze physical potential of agriculture land were topography, soil type, crops commodity, irrigation system and Kediri City’s spatial land use planning. Based on the results of physical potential analysis, it is known that the Kediri City has a potential food agriculture sustainable land that covers an area of 407.26 ha, the potential of alternative sustainable food agriculture land that covers an area of 971.24 ha with the total area of sustainable food agriculture land of 1,378.46 ha. The result shows that until the year 2038, Kediri City requires 892,46 ha of rice agriculture land area. Comparing between the potential and the need for food agriculture land indicates that until 2038, the city of Kediri has sufficient agriculture land to be developed into a sustainable food agriculture area of Kediri City.
Initiation of onion callus (allium wakegiaraki) varieties of lembah palu at various light intensities
Authors: Maemunah  , Yusuf R , Samudin S , Yusran  , Hawalina  , Rini N S
Published: December 2019

Onion ( Alliumwakegi Araki) is a popular herb and vegetable commodity that can be used as a flavoring dish or traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the effect of light intensity for callus growth. This research was conducted at Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University using Completely Random Design (RAL) with a single factor that is light intensity (A) consisting of 3 levels, i.e., 0-100 lux (A1), 300-800 lux (A2) and 1000-4000 lux (A3). The results showed that the onion cultured on the light intensity 1000-4000 lux accelerated the formation of onion callus varieties of lembahpalu. This callus began to form at 13.17 days after cultured. The light intensity 300-800 lux accelerated callus formation at a high percentage and embryonic callus cells. The percentage of callus formation reached 32.46%, resulting callus color was white up to 4 WAC (Week After Culture). The average color of white callus was found on 4 WAK with the average texture of crumb callus, while at the 6th and 8th WAC the color of callus was yellow.
The improvement of Cipunagara River quality (BOD parameter) based on pollution load analysis of domestic, agriculture, farming and industrial activities
Authors: Juwana I , Nugroho D P
Published: December 2019

In many regions in Indonesia, rivers play a very important role to support the life activities of the communities. One of the rivers in West Java – Indonesia is Cipunagara River, which supports the biggest catchment in Subang Regency, West Java. Past research has shown that growing activities in the catchment area of the river has caused the quality deterioration of Cipunagara River. The importance of the river is multiplied because the river will also be used as the source of water for Sadawarna and Cilame Reservoirs. This paper aims at analyzing the pollution load on Cipunagara River, for the water quality parameter of BOD, from various activities. The analysis was undertaken by selecting the most important segment of the river using several criteria. Once the segment was selected, both existing and projected pollution loads were calculated based on the guidance from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia. Results show that total pollution loads of BOD from livestock, domestic, agriculture and industrial sectors exceed the maximum pollution level in Cipunagara River. The calculated pollution load for BOD parameter is: 6,391.21 kg/d with the maximum pollution load (based on PP 82/2001 Kelas 1) is 2,355.26 kg/d. These results were then used as the inputs in the BOD Model simulations to analyze possible strategies in improving the quality of Cipunagara River.
Water in the forest: rain-vegetation interaction to estimate canopy interception in a tropical borneo rainforest
Authors: Astuti H P , Suryatmojo H
Published: December 2019

Canopy interception has an important role in the hydrological cycle. This research was conducted in virgin forest area and Intensive Forest Management System (IFMS) with selective cutting and line planting technique in IUPHHK-HA PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma. This study aims to determine: 1) the value of canopy interception in the virgin forest area and IFMS with selective cutting and line planting technique 2) the relationship between gross rainfall and canopy interception in virgin forest area and IFMS with selective cutting and line planting technique. The value of gross rainfall, stemflow, throughfall, and vegetation canopy cover were used to determine the canopy interception. Canopy interception was calculated by volume balance approach’s method. The relationship between gross rainfall and canopy interception was analyzed using SPSS software and SigmaPlot. The results of this research show that the average value of interception in the Virgin Forest is 30,44%, while the average value of interception in Selective Cutting and Line Planting Silvicultural System (TPTJ) is 15,68%. This result shows that there is a strong and positive relationship between gross rainfall and canopy interception, which is expressed in the equation Ic Ha = 0,0001 (P) 2,9972 dan Ic TPTJ = 0,0004 (P) 2,5795
Potential of Ecotourism in Open Space of Kahayan Riverside of Palangka Raya City
Authors: Hamidah N , Garib T W , Santoso M
Published: December 2019

The Kahayan River is one of the largest rivers in Central Kalimantan and has attracted both domestic and foreign tourists. The typical life and settlements alongthe Kahayan River provided a unique panorama that could be developed into ecotourism and enjoyed by visitors and could enhanced tourism development in Central Kalimantan as itis one of the uniqueness of Central Kalimantan Province. The river is the main orientation of the Dayaks, who has the philosophy thatliving water is the source of life. Theyreliedon riverside area as a green space for the area that functions as a buffer zone and open space of the city. The Kahayan Riverside has an important role in the development of city tourism to date. Activities along the Riverside areais one of the economic centres of the city’s complex, which is sufficient and supports the activities of the city dwellers. The purpose of this study was to develop the concept of ecotourism for the Kahayan Riverside as a form of implementation and recommendation for the policy of Palangka Raya City Government. Ecotourism supportsthe sustainability of the community and the future Kahayan River area. The research used a mix-used methodcomprised of severalphases: (1) preparation; (2) implementation; and (3) post-implementation. Field observation and dataexploration were conducted through interviews with selected natives. The analysis provided a tacit knowledge of descriptive interpretative elaboration ofvarious aspects of the local community life. The results produced an ecotourism design, specifically on the arrangement of river tourism areas and promotions of culture, the typical Central Kalimantan handicrafts and the attractiveness of the Kahayan Riverside area. The ecotourism concept provides recommendations to the Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan concerning the: (1) physical concept of arrangement; and (2) non-physical concepts, with regard to economic and social analyses of the Kahayan River community. Both concepts supported the development of ecotourism in the Kahayan Riverside area towards sustainable development that is oriented towards the preservation of the Kahayan Riverside area.
Methodology for assessing vulnerability and climate risk of villages in Citarum River Basin, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Boer R , Rakhman A , Pulhin J , Schuster S
Published: December 2019

River basins provide homes and livelihoods to millions of people and play important roles in providing water for agriculture, drinking, industry and sewage as well as for hydropower energy production. The threat of climate change on water resources is serious and has to be taken into account in developing short, medium, and long-term development and management plans of river basins. The competition for water resources is projected to increase significantly, not only because of growing global population but also due to increasing demands from industry and agriculture. The impacts of climate change will put further stresses on water resources with projected changes in precipitation patterns. Potentially, more extreme rainfall events will occur, which will cause increased runoff and leave less water available to recharge the groundwater. The study assessed the overall vulnerability profile of the villages over the 2005 to 2011 period. The vulnerability assessment showed that villages classified as ‘very vulnerable’ are characterised by seven key areas: limited access to clean water particularly during the dry season, many households and buildings being located near the river banks, main economic activities being dependent on agriculture, limited access to electricity, lack of education, and health facilities. There were 17 very vulnerable villages in 2011 in the CRB. The current level of climate risk in these villages is still medium, but in the future the risk will increase significantly. Immediate adaptation actions (within 1 to 5 years) are recommended for 25 villages. Short term adaptation actions (within 5 to 10 years) are recommended for over 100 villages.
The Role of Social Practices on the Climate Resilience of Fishing Communities in Semarang Coastal Area
Authors: Amin Choirul , Sukamdi  , Rijanta
Published: December 2019

Climate change will have different impacts on individuals and communities, and showed strongest on the coastal communities. Fishing community would suffered the most since they inhabited areas with higher exposure to climate risks, and they have fewer resources to adapt to the changing conditions or recovering from sea-level rise and extreme weather events. This study had the objective to identify social practices within the fishing communities on the coast of Semarang and analysed their roles on the community’s climate change resilience. Data collection was carried out using participatory observations and in-depth interviews, supported by literature studies. Data were analysed qualitatively. The results indicated that the social practices found among the fishing community on the coast of Semarang comprised of 3 concepts, namely Habitus, Capital, and Field. The study have found that these social practices played significant roles in strengthening the community’s resilience to climate change. The fishing communities were able to survive in the Field affected by the climate change-triggered rising sea level, because they have proper Habitus and Capital for the Field. However, in the context of climate change threat, the community’s resilience was limited. Hence, under a very extreme climate scenario, the social practice-based resilience has some thresholds that if continuously suppressed, could become fragile.
Lesson Learned from Belitung Mangrove Park: Converting InactiveTin Mining Area to Mangrove Tourism Park to Support Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Yusri Safran , Idris  , Sesotyo Widodo Mikael Prastowo
Published: December 2019

Unconventional tin mining is devouring coastal forest and mangrove in Belitung Island. Thus, carbon emission from deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and increasing vulnerability of coastal communities are inevitable. TERANGI together with ICCTF initiated Belitung Mangrove Park (BMP) to convert inactive tin mining in Seberang Bersatu Community Forest, Belitung, into a mangrove tourism park. Local community were trained in ecotourism management, mangrove rehabilitation, ecosystem monitoring, tour guiding, promotion, and financial management. The total carbon stock in Juru Sebrang Community Forest equalled to 4,704.159 tonnes with unequal distribution. Mangrove rehabilitation was conducted over a 1.5 ha with current carbon stock of 3 tonnes. In order to support low-carbon ecotourism activities, two solar power electric generator were installed and able to reduce emissions of 872 kg CO2/year. The local community was able to develop, promote, and manage ecotourism activities independently, and increased their group assets, from IDR 698,014,118 to IDR 18,655,700,000 just within 18 months. Tourist visits increased from around 3,000 visits/month to 14,000 visits/month. The programme also involved stakeholders from programme development, area management plan, and research and monitoring, thus increasing the participation and supports from both the local and national stakeholders. The programme success and lesson-learned could also be replicated in other areas.
Spatial Dynamics of Agricultural Lands in Regions with High Pressure Land Use Change (Case Study of Purwakarta Regency)
Authors: Firmansyah Irman , Yusuf Dewi Nurhayati , Arumasmawati Agustin Betty
Published: December 2019

Land use changes are so prevalent in almost all regions in Indonesia, including in Purwakarta Regency. Purwakarta Regency is located between Jakarta City as the capital city of Indonesia and Bandung City as the provincial capital of West Java. The conversion of agricultural were due to the pressures from other land uses. Agricultural land use changes certainly have implications for microclimate changes. The objectives of this study were to analyse changes in paddy fields due to the pressure from other land use conversion and to formulate solutions for land conversion control policy. The study was conducted in Purwakarta Regency, including the Citarum watershed area. The studied area has a total of 62,398 ha out of the total 97,172 ha of the whole Purwakarta. The study used the Spatial Dynamics Analysis approach with Powersim Studio and IDRISI to predict the land changes in the year 2030. The simulation showed that paddy field areas decreased to 36.07 % from 20,394 ha in 2012 to 13,036.90 ha in 2030. On the contary, residential areas increased as much as 105.94 % from 5,418.44 ha in 2012 to 11,158.7 ha in 2030. The loss of paddy fields totalling to 8,668.21 ha from 2009 to 2030, has implications on the microclimate changes with the economic value of environmental services, in particular prevention of an increase temperature, of IDR 2,812,240,804,033.00. Policies are needed to clearly define the spatial land use with regional regulations to control paddy fields conversion, implement Sustainable Food Crop Areas owned by the government with farmer empowerment and develop derivative products by utilising the wastes.