bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Characteristics and Permeability Characteristics of Dry-Hot Rock Mass
Authors: Yang Dong , Lu Changsong , Wen Wuqing , Cheng Hanlie , Cadasse David
Published: July 2023

As a rock mass with shallow burial, high temperature, and large-scale development, the study of its mechanical and seepage characteristics plays an important role in the efficient development of geothermal energy. With the development of geothermal energy in China, a breakthrough has been made in the exploration of dry-hot rocks, and the realization of efficient development of dry-hot rocks has become the focus of attention. Systematic research on rock mechanics and seepage characteristics of dry-hot rocks has become a key research topic. Granite is the most typical dry-hot rock. In this paper, granite in the Qinghai area is selected as the research object, and experiments on physical characteristics, mechanical parameters, and seepage characteristics of granite are carried out to study the effects of different depths and temperatures on mechanical parameters and seepage characteristics of granite. The results show that the physical parameters of granite in Qinghai do not change obviously with the increase of depth, and granite has the characteristics of low water absorption and low porosity. At the same time, the parameters of water absorption and porosity at different depths are close, and the dispersion is small, so the rocks are very dense. The rocks have relatively high P-wave velocity and low S-wave velocity, and the elastic wave velocity changes little at different depths. With the increase of confining pressure, the strength of granite rock increases. Under different confining pressures, the rock shows brittle failure characteristics after the peak stress. According to Hoek–Brown and Mohr–Coulomb strength curves, the strength value is 173.52 MPa. After high temperature treatment, a complex fracture network is formed in the granite. With the increase of temperature, the permeability and porosity of the granite increase continuously, and 500°C is the temperature threshold. When the temperature is lower than 300°C and the stress is less than 30 MPa, the granite has negative Poisson’s ratio, and the permeability and effective stress of dry-hot rocks are piecewise linear functions. The research results provide theoretical guidance for fracturing of dry-hot rocks and exploitation of geothermal energy.
Smart Optimization of Semiconductors in Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Systems Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Alghamdi Hisham , Maduabuchi Chika , Okoli Kingsley , Albaker Abdullah , Alatawi Ibrahim , Alsafran Ahmed S. , Alkhedher Mohammad , Chen Wei-Hsin
Published: July 2023

In the relentless pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, this study pioneers an innovative approach to integrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and photovoltaic (PV) modules within hybrid systems. Uniquely, it employs neural networks for an exhaustive analysis of a plethora of parameters, including a diverse spectrum of semiconductor materials, cooling film coefficients, TE leg dimensions, ambient temperature, wind speed, and PV emissivity. Leveraging a rich dataset, the neural network is meticulously trained, revealing intricate interdependencies among parameters and their consequential impact on power generation and the efficiencies of TEG, PV, and integrated PV-TE systems. Notably, the hybrid system witnesses a striking 23.1% augmentation in power output, escalating from 0.26 W to 0.32 W, and a 20% ascent in efficiency, from 14.68% to 17.62%. This groundbreaking research illuminates the transformative potential of integrating TEGs and PV modules and the paramountcy of multifaceted parameter optimization. Moreover, it exemplifies the deployment of machine learning as a powerful tool for enhancing hybrid energy systems. This study, thus, stands as a beacon, heralding a new chapter in sustainable energy research and propelling further innovations in hybrid system design and optimization. Through its novel approach, it contributes indispensably to the arsenal of clean energy solutions.
Content‐Based Audio Classification and Retrieving Using Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Samha Amani K. , Alshammri Ghalib H. , Jeswinde Nuagah Stephen , Sharma Madhu , Mekala R.
Published: July 2023

Audio classification and retrieval has been recognized as a fascinating field of endeavor for as long as it has existed due to the topic of identifying and choosing the most useful audio attributes. The categorization of audio files is significant not only in the area of multimedia applications but also in the disciplines of medicine, sound analysis, intelligent homes and cities, urban informatics, entertainment, and surveillance. This study introduces a new algorithm called the modified bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (MBFOA), which is based on a method that retrieves and classifies audio data. The goal of this algorithm is to reduce the computational complexity of existing techniques. Along with the combination of the peak estimated signal, the enhanced mel‐frequency cepstral coefficient (EMFCC) and the enhanced power normalized cepstral coefficients (EPNCC) are used. These are then optimized using the fitness function utilizing MBFOA. The probabilistic neural network is used to differentiate between a music signal and a spoken signal from an audio source (PNN). It is next necessary to extract and list the characteristics that correspond to the class that was arrived at as a consequence of the categorization. When compared to other approaches that are somewhat similar, MBFOA demonstrates superior levels of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
[Retracted] Effect of Dapagliflozin on Clinical Outcome after Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation in Elderly T2DM Patients: A Real‐World Study
Authors: Lin Yuan , Zhou Fang , Wang Xihu , Guo Yaju , Chen Weiguo
Published: July 2023

Objective. To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin therapy on the clinical outcome of drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. We retrospectively studied the real‐world data of patients with coronary heart disease who received DES implantation in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2021. Baseline general data and laboratory results of patients were collected. All patients were followed up for two years after PCI, and the follow‐up endpoints included in‐stent restenosis, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), revascularization, rehospitalization, and all‐cause mortality. Results. Compared with those before treatment, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TG, TC, LDL‐C, FBG, and HbA1c were decreased in both groups after treatment, while HDL‐C was increased after treatment (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FBG, and HbA1c between the two groups before and after treatment. At the end of follow‐up, the incidence of in‐stent restenosis and MACE in the dapagliflozin group was lower than that in the nondapagliflozin group. K‐M curve analysis showed a significant difference in in‐stent restenosis and MACE after DES implantation between the dapagliflozin group and the nondapagliflozin group (logrankχ2 = 5.093, 4.524; P = 0.024, 0.033). Conclusion. In accurate clinical data, dapagliflozin could significantly improve the postoperative BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose outcome of patients with T2DM complicated with coronary heart disease and positively impact in‐stent restenosis and MACE.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in the Development of Atherosclerosis among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Samah Nazirah , Ugusman Azizah , Hamid Adila A. , Sulaiman Nadiah , Aminuddin Amilia
Published: July 2023

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a caused by atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the coronary arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is involved in various stages of atherosclerosis as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies. MMP-2 is associated with both stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaque formation. The current review aimed to identify the role of MMP-2 in atherosclerosis development among CAD patients. Literature search was conducted through four online databases and only studies that were published from 2018 until February 2023 were included. The risk of bias was assessed by using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A total of 10,622 articles were initially identified, and only eight studies that fulfilled the selection criteria were included in this review. The results showed that MMP-2 levels and activity were higher in patients with unstable CAD than those with stable CAD and healthy subjects. There was a significant association between MMP-2 levels and cardiovascular disease with MMP-14 levels, which is a pro-MMP-2 activator. In addition, two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MMP-2 gene (rs243865 and rs243866) were significantly associated with the development of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, MMP-2 plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis among patients with CAD and could be a potential target for CAD therapy.
Data from Targeting N-linked Glycosylation for the Therapy of Aggressive Lymphomas
Authors: Scheich Sebastian , Chen Jiji , Liu Jiamin , Schnütgen Frank , Enssle Julius C. , Ceribelli Michele , Thomas Craig J. , Choi Jaewoo , Morris Vivian , Hsiao Tony , Nguyen Hang , Wang Boya , Bolomsky Arnold , Phelan James D. , Corcoran Sean , Urlaub Henning , Young Ryan M. , Häupl Björn , Wright George W. , Huang Da Wei , Ji Yanlong , Yu Xin , Xu Weihong , Yang Yandan , Zhao Hong , Muppidi Jagan , Pan Kuan-Ting , Oellerich Thomas , Staudt Louis M.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be subdivided into the activated B-cell (ABC) and germinal center B cell–like (GCB) subtypes. Self-antigen engagement of B-cell receptors (BCR) in ABC tumors induces their clustering, thereby initiating chronic active signaling and activation of NF-κB and PI3 kinase. Constitutive BCR signaling is essential in some GCB tumors but primarily activates PI3 kinase. We devised genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screens to identify regulators of IRF4, a direct transcriptional target of NF-κB and an indicator of proximal BCR signaling in ABC DLBCL. Unexpectedly, inactivation of N-linked protein glycosylation by the oligosaccharyltransferase-B (OST-B) complex reduced IRF4 expression. OST-B inhibition of BCR glycosylation reduced BCR clustering and internalization while promoting its association with CD22, which attenuated PI3 kinase and NF-κB activation. By directly interfering with proximal BCR signaling, OST-B inactivation killed models of ABC and GCB DLBCL, supporting the development of selective OST-B inhibitors for the treatment of these aggressive cancers.
Significance:
DLBCL depends on constitutive BCR activation and signaling. There are currently no therapeutics that target the BCR directly and attenuate its pathologic signaling. Here, we unraveled a therapeutically exploitable, OST-B–dependent glycosylation pathway that drives BCR organization and proximal BCR signaling.
Data from HER2∆16 Engages ENPP1 To Promote an Immune Cold Microenvironment in Breast Cancer
Authors: Attalla Sherif Samer. , Boucher Jonathan , Proud Hailey , Taifour Tarek , Zuo Dongmei , Sanguin-Gendreau Virginie , Ling Chen , Johnson Gabriella , Li Vincent , Luo Robin B. , Kuasne Hellen , Papavasiliou Vasilios , Walsh Logan A. , Barok Mark , Joensuu Heikki , Park Morag , Roux Philippe P. , Muller William J.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a critical determinant of therapeutic response. However, the mechanisms regulating its modulation are not fully understood. HER216, an oncogenic splice variant of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), has been implicated in breast cancer and other tumor types as a driver of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of HER2Δ16-mediated oncogenicity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HER2∆16 expression is not exclusive to the clinically HER2+ subtype and associates with a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. To understand how HER2 variants modulated the tumor microenvironment, we generated transgenic mouse models expressing either proto-oncogenic HER2 or HER2∆16 in the mammary epithelium. We found that HER2∆16 tumors were immune cold, characterized by low immune infiltrate and an altered cytokine profile. Using an epithelial cell surface proteomic approach, we identified ENPP1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1) as a functional regulator of the immune cold microenvironment. We generated a knock-in model of HER2Δ16 under the endogenous promoter to understand the role of Enpp1 in aggressive HER2+ breast cancer. Knockdown of Enpp1 in HER2Δ16-derived tumor cells resulted in decreased tumor growth, which correlated with increased T-cell infiltration. These findings suggest that HER2Δ16-dependent Enpp1 activation associates with aggressive HER2+ breast cancer through its immune modulatory function. Our study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HER2Δ16-mediated oncogenicity and highlights ENPP1 as a potential therapeutic target in aggressive HER2+ breast cancer.
Morphological redescription and morphometry of Aniara sepulchralis (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Northeast Para, Brazil
Authors: Silva Ruan Felipe da , Brito Rodrigo de Oliveira , Martins Ivan Carlos Fernandes , Campos Lourival Dias , Mello Marcello Neiva de , Pearson David Leander
Published: July 2023

Aniara sepulchralis specimens sampled at different locations (Belém and Bragantina microregions) show differences in size of some morphological structures such as head width, pronotum width, distance between eyes, pronotum base width, labral length, labral width, and spur of the third pair of legs. These changes may be due to biotic, abiotic, and structural factors peculiar to each environment. Differences in structures and morphological measurements of males and females of Aniara sepulchralis were observed, characterized as sexual dimorphism in relation to their teeth and labral-clypeal suture. Females present apical teeth and rectilinear suture, whereas males present a more rounded shape in both teeth and the labral-clypeal suture. Regarding measurements, females have greater body length, head width, eye distance, pronotum length, pronotum width, labral length, and pronotum base width than males.
Cultura informacional consentânea com a preservação digital de documentos arquivísticos: uma viragem necessária no contexto moçambicano
Authors: Macie Gildo Carlos , Madio Telma Campanha de Carvalho , Grácio José Carlos Abbud
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo faz-se uma abordagem macro (nacional) à cultura informacional enquadrada na cultura organizacional, com o objectivo de demonstrar a sua importância para a implementação da preservação digital nas instituições públicas. Faz-se uma contextualização histórico-temporal do cenário informacional moçambicano considerando-se os principais momentos e instrumentos legais que contribuem para a construção de uma identidade cultural das instituições. A partir desta realidade, conjugada com os elementos teóricos levantados, faz-se uma abordagem sobre uma viragem necessária no sentido de se criar condições que favoreçam a preservação digital e o acesso à informação. Metodologicamente, fez-se levantamento bibliográfico e documental, tendo sido identificadas e selecionadas obras que versam sobre a temática, assim como instrumentos legais que estabelecem as directrizes da actuação dos arquivistas e demais profissionais na sua abordagem à informação em todo o seu ciclo de vida. Como resultados indica-se um conjunto de elementos que necessitam de uma viragem no sentindo de transformar a cultura organizacional e informacional para uma perspectiva positiva e aberta onde o acesso se sobrepõe ao segredo, pois considera-se que a implantação efetiva e bem sucedida da preservação digital, assim como de todos os elementos inerentes ao trabalho informacional dependem sobremaneira da forma como a informação é encarada, partilhada e interpretada pelos profissionais que integram as instituições.
Dos serviços de assistência aos repositórios do SUS: um olhar sobre os sistemas de organização do conhecimento e os padrões de informação em saúde
Authors: Alcântara Milena de , Meirelles Rodrigo França , Cunha Francisco José Aragão Pedroza
Published: July 2023

Care records from the Health Care Producing Organizations (OPSAS) produce information for the repositories of the SUS Information Department (DATASUS). These records are fundamental for knowledge creation, management of national systems, care and administrative decision-making, the quality of care provided to users, access to digital archive repositories, and the elaboration of public policies for health promotion, prevention and care. It presupposes that DATASUS adopts knowledge management systems to disclose the records stored in the OPSAS repositories. Hence, this study sought to identify the DATASUS information and knowledge ordering systems, to unveil the representation processes and the information transfer mechanisms between OPSAS and DATASUS, and to explore how hospital managers and DATASUS managers perceive the standardization of health information. An applied, qualitative, quantitative, descriptive exploratory research was conducted with data collected by two semi-structured interviews. Results point out the mechanisms for information transfer from OPSAS to the DATASUS repositories, exploring the knowledge of different managers on the standardization of health information. Respondents failed to elaborate on the functioning and structure of the information and knowledge ordering systems used. In conclusion, the DATASUS digital repository seem to employ sorting systems, but we were unable to identify them.
Papel do Cibercordel para Circulação da Informação em Mídias Sociais
Authors: Gaudêncio Sale Mário , Albuquerque Maria Elizabeth Baltar Carneiro de , Côrtes Gisele Rocha
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Analisar o papel dos Cibercordéis para Circulação da Informação em Mídias Sociais. Metodologia: Adoção de uma Bricolagem Científica, onde imbricam em torno dela, a Análise de Redes em Mídias Sociais, os Marcadores Sociais e a Semântica Discursiva. Estas abordagens se dão no sentido de se compreender a complexidade do objeto e a forma como o fenômeno se manifesta nas Mídias Sociais, especialmente, porque se trata de registros informacionais voláteis, fluidos ou líquidos que flutuam no ciberespaço. Resultados: Verifica-se que a Circulação da Informação dos Cibercordéis se dão por meio de 8 (oito) Marcadores Sociais (Classe Social, Étnico-racial, Gênero, Geração, Regionalidade, Nacionalidade, Religião e Sexualidade), cujas práticas revelam um Brasil dicotômico, marcado por contradições e impactadas pela reprodução do senso comum que absorve um país marginal e de expressivo nível de carências: socioculturais, infoeducacionais e econômicas. Conclusões: A maneira como a informação circula no contexto dos Cibercordéis que estão nas Mídias Sociais é peculiar, fazendo perceber que, mesmo com a frieza inerente da pesquisa, encontra-se nesses Objetos Digitais, uma poética informacional rica de cultura e de marcas sociais que representa, o seu povo e as suas memórias coletivas. Assim, é de suma relevância, compreender e avançar em torno de um debate que provoque o respeito pelo espaço ao Lugar de Fala, pela luta contra-hegemônica e a reflexão em torno da Decolonialidade do Conhecimento, pois, para falar sobre a Literatura de Cordel é preciso se colocar na condição identitária de Favelado do Conhecimento, como expressou Gutiérrez (2006).
RESENHA DE PIETER BRUEGEL: LE TABLEAU OU LA SPHÈRE – POUR UNE REFORME THÉOLOGICO-POLITIQUE DE L'ENTENDEMENT
Authors: Bianchi Bernardo
Published: July 2023

Trata-se aqui da resenha do livro Pieter Bruegel: le tableau ou la sphère infinie – pour une reforme théologico-politique de l’entendement, de Laurent Bove, publicado em 2019. O livro explorando, de um ponto de vista espinosista, o tema da “segunda natureza”, o qual, anunciado en passant em La stratégie du conatus: affirmation et résistance chez Spinoza, de 1996, ganhou centralidade em suas monografias publicadas na última década: Vauvenargues ou le séditieux, de 2010, e Albert Camus, de la transfiguration, de 2014. A leitura de Bove busca reconstituir o significado da obra de Pieter Bruegel, o Velho (1525/1530-1569), pintor flamengo cujo legado pertence à Bélgica e aos Países Baixos, a partir de três eixos fundamentais: histórico, artístico e filosófico. A partir de uma problematização da imagem da "esfera infinita", tal como empregada na obra de Nicolau de Cusa, Bove confere um lugar para a pintura de Bruegel enquanto arte filosófica.
Implementation of Rapid Genome Sequencing for Critically Ill Infants With Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Hays Thomas , Hernan Rebecca , Disco Michele , Griffin Emily L. , Goldshtrom Nimrod , Vargas Diana , Krishnamurthy Ganga , Bomback Miles , Rehman Atteeq U. , Wilson Amanda T. , Guha Saurav , Phadke Shruti , Okur Volkan , Robinson Dino , Felice Vanessa , Abhyankar Avinash , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Chung Wendy K.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Rapid genome sequencing (rGS) has been shown to improve care of critically ill infants. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of infant mortality and is often caused by genetic disorders, yet the utility of rGS has not been prospectively studied in this population.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective evaluation of rGS to improve the care of infants with complex CHD in our cardiac neonatal intensive care unit.

RESULTS:

In a cohort of 48 infants with complex CHD, rGS diagnosed 14 genetic disorders in 13 (27%) individuals and led to changes in clinical management in 8 (62%) cases with diagnostic results. These included 2 cases in whom genetic diagnoses helped avert intensive, futile interventions before cardiac neonatal intensive care unit discharge, and 3 cases in whom eye disease was diagnosed and treated in early childhood.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study provides the first prospective evaluation of rGS for infants with complex CHD to our knowledge. We found that rGS diagnosed genetic disorders in 27% of cases and led to changes in management in 62% of cases with diagnostic results. Our model of care depended on coordination between neonatologists, cardiologists, surgeons, geneticists, and genetic counselors. These findings highlight the important role of rGS in CHD and demonstrate the need for expanded study of how to implement this resource to a broader population of infants with CHD.
Coronary Reactivity Assessment Is Associated With Lower Health Care–Associated Costs in Patients Presenting With Angina and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Corban Michel T. , Moriarty James P. , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Rosedahl Jordan K. , Gulati Rajiv , Rihal Charanjit S. , Prasad Abhiram , Sara Jaskanwal D. , Toya Takumi , ter Horst Iris , Lerman Lilach O. , Borah Bijan , Lerman Amir
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

The financial burden linked to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chest pain on the health care system is considerable. Angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) is common, associated with adverse cardiovascular events, and may lead to repeat testing or hospitalizations. Diagnostic certainty can be achieved in patients with ANOCA using coronary reactivity testing (CRT); however, its financial effect on the patient has not been studied. Our goal was to assess the effect of CRT on health care–related cost in patients with ANOCA.

METHODS:

Patients with ANOCA who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) and CRT (CRT group) were matched to controls who had similar presentation but only underwent a CAG without CRT (CAG group). Standardized inflation-adjusted costs were collected and compared between the 2 groups on an annual basis for 2 years post the index date (CRT or CAG).

RESULTS:

Two hundred seven CRT and 207 CAG patients were included in the study with an average age of 52.3±11.5 years and 76% females. The total cost was significantly higher in the CAG group as compared with the CRT group ($37 804 [$26 933–$48 674] versus $13 679 [$9447–$17 910];
P
<0.001). When costs are itemized and divided based on the Berenson-Eggers Type of Service categorization, the largest cost difference occurred in imaging (any type, including CAG;
P
<0.001), procedures (eg, percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass grafting/thrombectomy) (
P
=0.001), and test (eg, blood tests, EKG;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this retrospective observational study, assessment of CRT in patients with ANOCA was associated with significantly reduced annual total costs and health care utilization. Therefore, the study may support the integration of CRT into clinical practice.
Morphological Changes of Anomalous Coronary Arteries From the Aorta During the Cardiac Cycle Assessed by IVUS in Resting Conditions
Authors: Formato Giovanni Maria , Agnifili Mauro Luca , Arzuffi Luca , Rosato Antonio , Ceserani Valentina , Zuniga Olaya Karina Geraldina , Secchi Francesco , Deamici Miriam , Conti Michele , Auricchio Ferdinando , Bedogni Francesco , Frigiola Alessandro , Lo Rito Mauro
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Anomalous aortic origin of coronary artery (AAOCA) with intramural segment is associated with risk of sudden cardiac death, probably related to a compressive mechanism exerted by the aorta. However, the intramural compression occurrence and magnitude during the cardiac cycle remain unknown. We hypothesized that (1) in end diastole, the intramural segment is narrower, more elliptic, and has greater resistance than extramural segment; (2) the intramural segment experiences a further compression in systole; and (3) morphometry and its systolic changes vary within different lumen cross-sections of the intramural segment.

METHODS:

Phasic changes of lumen cross-sectional coronary area, roundness (minimum/maximum lumen diameter), and hemodynamic resistance (Poiseuille law for noncircular sections) were derived from intravascular ultrasound pullbacks at rest for the ostial, distal intramural, and extramural segments. Data were obtained for 35 AAOCA (n=23 with intramural tract) after retrospective image-based gating and manual lumen segmentation. Differences between systolic and end-diastolic phases in each section, between sections of the same coronary, and between AAOCA with and without intramural tract were assessed by nonparametric statistical tests.

RESULTS:

In end diastole, both the ostial and distal intramural sections were more elliptical (
P
<0.001) than the reference extramural section and the correspondent sections in AAOCA without intramural segment. In systole, AAOCA with intramural segment showed a flattening at the ostium (−6.76% [10.82%];
P
=0.024) and a flattening (−5.36% [16.56%];
P
=0.011), a narrowing (−4.62% [11.38%];
P
=0.020), and a resistance increase (15.61% [30.07%];
P
=0.012) at the distal intramural section. No-intramural sections did not show morphological changes during the entire cardiac cycle.

CONCLUSIONS:

AAOCA with intramural segment has pathological segment-specific dynamic compression mainly in the systole under resting conditions. Studying AAOCA behavior with intravascular ultrasound during the cardiac cycle may help to evaluate and quantify the severity of the narrowing.
Orthostatic Hypertension: A Newcomer Among the Hypertension Phenotypes
Authors: Palatini Paolo
Published: July 2023

The prognostic role and the clinical significance of orthostatic hypertension (OHT) remained undefined for long because data were sparse and often inconsistent. In recent years, evidence has been accumulating that OHT is associated with an increased risk of masked and sustained hypertension, hypertension-mediated organ damage, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Most evidence came from studies in which OHT was defined using systolic blood pressure (BP) whereas the clinical relevance of diastolic OHT is still unclear. Recently, the American Autonomic Society and the Japanese Society of Hypertension defined OHT as an orthostatic systolic BP increase ≥20 mm Hg associated with a systolic BP of at least 140 mm Hg while standing. However, also smaller orthostatic BP increases have shown clinical relevance especially in people ≤45 years of age. A possible limitation of the BP response to standing is poor reproducibility. OHT concordance is better when the between-assessment interval is shorter, when OHT is evaluated using a larger number of BP readings, and if home BP measurement is used. The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to OHT are still controversial and may vary according to age. Excessive neurohumoral activation seems to be the main determinant in younger adults whereas vascular stiffness plays a more important role in older individuals. Conditions associated with higher activity of the sympathetic nervous system and/or baroreflex dysregulation, such as diabetes, essential hypertension, and aging have been found to be often associated with OHT. Measurement of orthostatic BP should be included in routine clinical practice especially in people with high-normal BP.
The Effect of Universal Free School Meals on Child BMI
Authors: Davis Will , Kreisman Daniel , Musaddiq Tareena
Published: July 2023

We estimate the effect of universal free school meal access through the Community Eligibility Program (CEP) on child body mass index (BMI). Through the CEP, schools with high percentages of students qualified for free or reduced-priced meals can offer free breakfast and lunch to all students. With administrative data from a large school district in Georgia, we use student-level BMI measures from the FitnessGram to compare within-student outcomes before and after CEP implementation across eligible and non-eligible schools. We find one year of CEP exposure increased expected BMI percentile by about 0.085 standard deviation, equivalent to a nearly 1.88-pound weight increase for a student of average height. We also find that the program led to a small increase in the likelihood of overweight and limited evidence of a small decrease in the likelihood of underweight. We do not find that the program increased student obesity risk. Examining the effects of CEP on child BMI by grade suggests that the overall effect is largely driven by students in middle schools, highlighting potential heterogeneity in the program's impact across grades. The findings of this paper are relevant for researchers and policy makers concerned with the effects of universal free school meals on student health.
Archaeology, Language, and the Question of Sámi Ethnogenesis
Authors: Svestad Asgeir , Olsen Bjørnar
Published: July 2023

Debates over the ethnogenesis of the Sámi and their historical presence in Fennoscandia have long affected scholarly and public discourses. More recently, these debates have been fueled by new propositions launched by Finnish linguists regarding the origin and development of the Sámi language. In this article, we target this corpus of linguistic research and the wide-ranging implications it suggests for the Sámi past. While based on historical and comparative linguistics data, a notable feature of the studies examined is that they also lean heavily on assumptions about the archaeological record in their reasonings. These assumptions, we argue, are, to a large extent, based on very limited or outdated knowledge of archaeological research on the Sámi past, and in particular, that of northern Norway. The article raises critical questions regarding the notions of cultural areas, ancestral homelands, and migrations that abound in these linguistic studies and challenges the a priori primacy assigned to language as the constituent of cultural identity. In conclusion, we outline a Sámi archaeological past that does not concur well with recent linguistic accounts and which, in the end, begs the question of whether this discrepancy can be reconciled and, if so, how this can happen.
Data Assimilation of Range- and Depth-Averaged Sound Speed from Acoustic Tomography Measurements in Fram Strait
Authors: Geyer Florian , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Sagen Hanne , Cornuelle Bruce , Challet François , Mazloff Matthew
Published: July 2023

The 2010–12 Acoustic Technology for Observing the Interior of the Arctic Ocean (ACOBAR) experiment provided acoustic tomography data along three 167–301-km-long sections in Fram Strait between Greenland and Spitsbergen. Ocean sound speed data were assimilated into a regional numerical ocean model using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model–Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean four-dimensional variational (MITgcm-ECCO 4DVAR) assimilation system. The resulting state estimate matched the assimilated sound speed time series; the root-mean-squared (RMS) error of the sound speed estimate (∼0.4 m s−1) is smaller than the uncertainty of the measurement (∼0.8 m s−1). Data assimilation improved modeled range- and depth-averaged ocean temperatures at the 78°50′N oceanographic mooring section in Fram Strait. The RMS error of the state estimate (0.21°C) is comparable to the uncertainty of the interpolated mooring section (0.23°C). Lack of depth information in the assimilated ocean sound speed measurements caused an increased temperature bias in the upper ocean (0–500 m). The correlations with the mooring section were not improved as short-term variations in the mooring measurements and the ocean state estimate do not always coincide in time. This is likely due to the small-scale eddying and nonlinearity of the ocean circulation in Fram Strait. Furthermore, the horizontal resolution of the state estimate (4.5 km) is eddy permitting, rather than eddy resolving. Thus, the state estimate cannot represent the full ocean dynamics of the region. This study is the first to demonstrate the usefulness of large-scale acoustic measurements for improving ocean state estimates at high latitudes.

Significance Statement

Acoustic tomography measurements allow one to observe ocean temperature in large ocean volumes under the Arctic sea ice by measuring sound speed, which is hard to synoptically observe by other methods. This study has established methods for assimilation of depth- and range-averaged ocean sound speed from an acoustic tomography experiment in Fram Strait. For the first time, a 2-yr time series of ocean sound from acoustic tomography has been assimilated into an ocean state estimate. The results highlight the use of ocean tomography in ice-covered regions to improve state estimates of ocean temperature.
Migration as Crisis
Authors: Cantat Céline , Pécoud Antoine , Thiollet Hélène
Published: July 2023

Over the past decades, and across different contexts worldwide, migration has become inseparable from a narrative of crisis. This article analyses the connection between migration and crisis. It proposes a migration as crisis framework, designed to understand and analyze the emergence of this specific perception of migration, on the basis of an interplay between social “subjective” constructions of reality and “objective” migration dynamics. Migration as crisis rests upon a fragmented, changing, and contested assemblage of events, representations, and practices, which in turn call for specific ways of governing migration. The link between migration and crisis can be activated or not, and may or may not be correlated with empirical realities. By engaging with migration as crisis (rather than migration crisis), the article denaturalizes and historicizes the relationship between migration and crisis, and unpacks the processes through which key actors (including media, policymakers, civil society, and academics) frame migration as such.
Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectra of Serum Albumins
Authors: Spedalieri Cecilia , Plaickner Julian , Speiser Eugen , Esser Norbert , Kneipp Janina
Published: July 2023

The ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectra of the two proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) in an aqueous solution are compared with the aim to distinguish between them based on their very similar amino acid composition and structure and to obtain signals from tryptophan that has only very few residues. Comparison of the protein spectra with solutions of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine in comparative ratios as in the two proteins shows that at an excitation wavelength of 220 nm, the spectra are dominated by the strong resonant contribution from these three amino acids. While the strong enhancement of two and one single tryptophan residue in BSA and HSA, respectively, results in pronounced bands assigned to fundamental vibrations of tryptophan, its weaker overtones and combination bands do not play a major role in the spectral range above 1800 cm–1. There, the protein spectra clearly reveal the signals of overtones and combination bands of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Assignments of spectral features in the range of Raman shifts from 3800 to 5100 cm–1 to combinations comprising fundamentals and overtones of tyrosine were supported by spectra of amino acid mixtures that contain deuterated tyrosine. The information in the high-frequency region of the UVRR spectra could provide information that is complementary to near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of the proteins.
Being Reassuring About the Past While Promising a Better Future: How Companies Frame Temporal Focus in Social Responsibility Reporting
Authors: Tuan Annamaria , Corciolani Matteo , Giuliani Elisa
Published: July 2023

How is time framed in corporate social responsibility (CSR) talk? The literature mostly fails to analyze how multiple CSR activities are framed from a temporal perspective. Moreover, those researchers who undertake temporal framing tend to overlook the role of home-country cultural characteristics. Using a mixed-method analysis of 2,720 CSR reports from developing country companies, we show that CSR talk is mostly framed in the future tense when firms communicate complex human rights issues such as slavery or child labor, while the past and present tenses are more frequent when they report on philanthropy and other cause-related activities. We find that these effects are stronger when firms are from countries characterized by greater uncertainty avoidance. We contribute to the CSR communication literature by showing that temporal references in CSR talk tend to differ, depending on the company-level control of CSR activities, and by highlighting uncertainty avoidance’s role as a boundary condition for aspirational talk’s performativity.
A Tribute to Dr. William D. McHugh (May 8, 1929–October 6, 2022)
Authors: Eliav E. , Black K.E.
Published: July 2023

The 12th president of the American Association for Dental Research (now the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research) and the 65th president of the International Association for Dental Research, Dr. William D. McHugh was one of the longest-serving directors of the Eastman Institute for Oral Health in Rochester, New York. His exceptional leadership was evident throughout his career, and he continually strived to strengthen the science base of the future dentist.
The Application of Synesthetic Principles to Foster Musical Creativity
Authors: Guarriello Marissa
Published: July 2023

In 2014, the National Association for Music Education released music standards that strongly emphasized creativity, encouraging teachers to find new ways to implement creative activities into their classrooms. As such, making cross-modal associations and emphasizing divergent thinking are important priorities for teachers to consider. Synesthesia involves involuntary cognitive connections between senses (e.g., color and sound) that many people experience. The principles of this condition can be applied to all music learners, and building instructional approaches from them could help students make these unique associations and use divergent thinking to ultimately become more creative music makers.
Good Troublemakers: Freedom School Servant Leaders as Change Makers
Authors: Shimshon-Santo Amy , González Patricia
Published: July 2023

Breaking stereotypes and changing generational outcomes of historically excluded students requires educators who are willing to be what civil rights leader John Lewis called “good troublemakers.” Transformational, culturally competent educators can make a significant impact in the lives of students, classrooms, and communities. This research studies the impact of teaching experience of the Children's Defense Fund Freedom Schools Servant Leader Interns on young educators themselves. This study reveals how Servant Leader Interns were transformed by the process of teaching in ways that influenced their sense of self-authorship, their career aspirations, and expectations of how education should be.
Cities looking for waste heat: The dilemmas of energy and industry nexuses in French metropolitan areas
Authors: Fontaine Antoine , Rocher Laurence
Published: July 2023

The sharp increase in and volatility of fossil fuel prices, due in particular to the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, is a powerful incentive for cities to accelerate their energy transition. Yet urban authorities have limited power over the construction of energy policies and the management of networks, and they remain dependent on remote and mainly carbon-intensive imported sources of energy. The recovery of waste heat from waste incineration or industrial emissions and its use in heating networks represents a solution for cities to control part of their energy supply, to develop their own capacities for action and to implement local transition strategies, in addition to the development of renewable energies. Based on the analysis of four case studies in France between 2019 and 2022, in the context preceding the current energy crisis, this article examines how cities are trying to develop waste heat recovery and the role this energy resource plays in the decarbonisation of urban energy systems. The analysis highlights that the emergence of these projects is more broadly part of the renegotiation dynamics of energy, ecological and economic relationships between cities and industries, and that their implementation results in the construction of new urban energy nexuses. The use of waste heat makes it possible to improve the energy efficiency of industrial and urban energy systems, sometimes significantly, but it must be seen as a transitional solution because it can temporarily increase cities’ dependency on high-carbon and energy-inefficient industrial activities.
Mitigating the Risks of Imported Soldiery: Britain, Dhofaris, and the Early Military of the Emirates
Authors: Yates Athol , Rossiter Ash
Published: July 2023

Various polities have imported soldiers to compensate for a lack of manpower, to reduce costs, or to avoid the risk of arming potentially disloyal citizenry. However, importing soldiery is not without dangers. Foreign soldiers may carry with them subversive ideas, continue homegrown conflicts in their employer’s territory, be unreliable, or, worse, revolt. How importers of foreign soldiers might mitigate these risks is little studied. This case study reveals the repertoire of measures Britain used to mitigate the risks posed by one group of imported soldiers—the Dhofaris from Oman’s restive southern province who served from the late 1950s to 1973 in the British protected Trucial States, which became the United Arab Emirates in 1971. It concludes that intelligence collection measures were hampered by an inability to penetrate the Dhofaris’s linguistic and sociocultural world, and that threat analysis failed to accurately consider the impact of the conflict in their homeland.
Political (Meta-)Dehumanization in Mental Representations: Divergent Emphases in the Minds of Liberals Versus Conservatives
Authors: Petsko Christopher D. , Kteily Nour S.
Published: July 2023

We conducted two reverse-correlation studies, as well as two pilot studies reported in the online supplement (total N = 1,411), on the topics of (a) whether liberals and conservatives differ in the types of dehumanization that they cognitively emphasize when mentally representing one another, and if so, (b) whether liberals and conservatives are sensitive to how they are represented in the minds of political outgroup members. Results suggest that partisans indeed differ in the types of dehumanization that they cognitively emphasize when mentally representing one another: whereas conservatives’ dehumanization of liberals emphasizes immaturity (vs. savagery), liberals’ dehumanization of conservatives more strongly emphasizes savagery (vs. immaturity). In addition, results suggest that partisans may be sensitive to how they are represented. That is, partisans’ meta-representations—their representations of how the outgroup represents the ingroup—appear to accurately index the relative emphases of these two dimensions in the minds of political outgroup members.
Looking Competent Does Not Appeal to All Voters Equally: The Role of Social Class and Politicians’ Facial Appearance for Voting Likelihood
Authors: Unkelbach Fabienne , Brütting Tatjana , Schilling Nina , Wänke Michaela
Published: July 2023

Voters generally value competence in politicians. Four studies, all conducted in Germany, show that this is especially pronounced in people of higher compared with lower social class. The first study, with a representative sample ( N1 = 2239), found that the reported importance of competence in politicians increased with increasing socioeconomic status (SES). This was mediated by self-perceived competence which was higher in participants of higher SES. In three further studies (two preregistered, N2a&2b = 396, N3 = 400) participants merely saw pictures of politicians’ faces. Perceived competence based on facial appearance increased the likelihood of voting for a politician. Again, this effect was stronger among participants of higher compared with lower SES. This moderation persisted after controlling for participants’ political orientation and politicians’ perceived warmth and dominance. We discuss implications for future research on the psychological underpinnings of social class as well as appearance effects in the political context.
Stereotypical Perception in Management: A Review and Expansion of Role Congruity Theory
Authors: del Carmen Triana María , Song Ruixiang , Um Cyril Taewoong , Huang Lei
Published: July 2023

Role congruity theory proposes that bias may arise from the perceived incongruity between stereotypes about a social group and expected requirements for success in a social role. Since its introduction, with a focus on gender roles and the development of prejudice against female leaders, management scholars have applied role congruity theory to understand the emergence and consequences of prejudice in a wide range of organizational settings. We provide a review of management research that has incorporated role congruity theory. In this review, we first identify the key constructs and predictions that underlie the theory. Then, we summarize the adoption of the theory in the management literature based on the effects of role incongruity on target evaluation, outcome, and adaptation. Lastly, we suggest potential areas for future development of the theory, including the expansion of the theory to include social roles beyond gender, the examination of multilevel and multidimensional role incongruity effects, and other relevant emerging topics. We hope that this review will promote the accessibility of role congruity theory to management researchers and stimulate the development and application of the theory in the field of management.