bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Synaptic Devices with High Thermostability Induced by Embedded Tungsten Disulfide Quantum Dots for Machine Learning
Authors: An Haoqun , An Jun Seop , Li Mingjun , Kim Youngjin , Kim Tae Whan
Published: November 2022

If the speed of machine learning is to be improved, devices and systems with strong resistances to various types of internal noise, mainly internal thermal noise, are urgently needed. The successful demonstration of a synaptic device is reported based on a polyimide–tungsten disulfide quantum dot (PI‐WS2 QD) nanocomposite that continued to operate normally after simultaneous exposure of a high temperature of 100 °C. Such excellent performance is attributable to the strong quantum confinement effect of WS2 QDs. The working current of the device and its power consumption are on the orders of nanoamperes and femtojoules, respectively. Undoubtedly, such devices will significantly improve the physical performances of machine learning systems and allow the rapid realization of greatly improving machine learning speed.
A Class of Auxiliary Passivators for Polymer Dielectrics
Authors: Li Xiao‐Fen , Wang Tian‐Yu , Li Shunning , Zhang Gui‐Xin , Liu Jian‐Bo
Published: November 2022

High‐electrical‐strength polymer dielectrics are essential for advanced devices with high power and/or high integration densities and film capacitors with high energy‐storage densities. Key factors affecting the polymer dielectric electrical strength are deep‐level defect states, which lead to electron and hole accumulation. Numerous deep‐level defect states lead to charge accumulation in the polymer dielectric during operation, contributing to local electric field distortion and resulting in flashover or breakdown. In this work, first‐principles calculations and experiments reveal that VH (i.e., H vacancies) in the polymer dielectric molecular chain can create defect states deep in the bandgap. RCl (R = Li, Na, K) can be used for passivating the deep‐level polymer dielectric defect states. In addition, the passivation mechanisms are analyzed. The RCl cations can passivate deep‐level defect states into shallow‐level acceptor defect states because the RCl dipole moment regulates the deep‐level defect state energy. The RCl anions can passivate deep‐level defect states into shallow‐level donor defect states by forming a stable covalent bond between carbon and lone‐pair electrons. This work supports the design of high‐electrical‐strength polymer dielectrics.
Oxide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries: A Perspective on Composite Cathode Architecture
Authors: Ren Yaoyu , Danner Timo , Moy Alexandra , Finsterbusch Martin , Hamann Tanner , Dippell Jan , Fuchs Till , Müller Marius , Hoft Ricky , Weber André , Curtiss Larry A. , Zapol Peter , Klenk Matthew , Ngo Anh T. , Barai Pallab , Wood Brandon C. , Shi Rongpei , Wan Liwen F. , Heo Tae Wook , Engels Martin , Nanda Jagjit , Richter Felix H. , Latz Arnulf , Srinivasan Venkat , Janek Jürgen , Sakamoto Jeff , Wachsman Eric D. , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina
Published: November 2022

The garnet‐type phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) attracts significant attention as an oxide solid electrolyte to enable safe and robust solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with potentially high energy density. However, while significant progress has been made in demonstrating compatibility with Li metal, integrating LLZO into composite cathodes remains a challenge. The current perspective focuses on the critical issues that need to be addressed to achieve the ultimate goal of an all‐solid‐state LLZO‐based battery that delivers safety, durability, and pack‐level performance characteristics that are unobtainable with state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries. This perspective complements existing reviews of solid/solid interfaces with more emphasis on understanding numerous homo‐ and heteroionic interfaces in a pure oxide‐based SSB and the various phenomena that accompany the evolution of the chemical, electrochemical, structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of those interfaces during processing and operation. Finally, the insights gained from a comprehensive literature survey of LLZO–cathode interfaces are used to guide efforts for the development of LLZO‐based SSBs.
Advances in Fine Structure Optimizations of Layered Transition‐Metal Oxide Cathodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xuanpeng , Xiao Zhitong , Han Kang , Zhang Xiao , Liu Ziang , Yang Chen , Meng Jiashen , Li Ming , Huang Meng , Wei Xiujuan , Mai Liqiang
Published: November 2022

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted significant research interest in the context of driving the advancement of grid energy storage due to K's elemental abundance and high theoretical output voltage. The main challenge facing PIBs is to find suitable cathode materials with fast transport kinetics and stable framework structures to intercalate/de‐intercalate the large‐size K+. Among these candidates, transition‐metal layered oxides are have excellent potential and have been extensively exploited due to their stable skeleton structure, simple synthetic chemistry, and high working potential. Herein, the current research status and prospects of layered transition‐metal oxide cathodes are summarized, especially focussing on the fine structure optimization engineering and energy storage mechanism. In addition, a brief overview of the research on advanced characterization techniques for PIBs is introduced in detail. Finally, the main research directions and hot spots of new‐type transition‐metal layered oxide cathode are also predicted, in order to guide the future development of advanced PIBs.
Flexible, Stretchable, Water‐/Fire‐Proof Fiber‐Shaped Li‐CO2 Batteries with High Energy Density
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhou Jingwen , Wang Yunhao , Xiong Yuecheng , Zhang Junxiang , Qi Guicai , Cheng Jianli , Wang Bin
Published: November 2022

Flexible fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 batteries are regarded to be a potential candidate to power accessories for wearable electronics due to their high theoretical energy density and carbon‐neutral capability. However, the difficulties of electrode preparation and architecture design make it challenging for current Li‐CO2 batteries to keep a suitable balance between electrochemical performance and multifunctionality, one‐dimensional configuration and so forth. Herein, a flexible, stretchable, water‐/fire‐proof fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 battery is constructed through an integrated electrode design strategy and a mechanical engineering‐inspired “spring”‐like device architecture. Impressively, the as‐prepared highly‐active Mo2N anchored N‐doped carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber hybrid bundle (CFB@NCNT‐Mo2N) cathode delivers a large full capacity of 5586.0 µAh cm−1, corresponding to a high energy density of 14 250 . Meanwhile, it also demonstrates a low charge potential of ≈3.7 V, excellent rate capabilities, and outstanding long‐term cycling stability of 525 cycles. Furthermore, the constructed “spring”‐like fiber‐shaped Li‐CO2 battery device using CFB@NCNT‐Mo2N and a newly‐proposed gracile fibrous Li metal anode exhibits excellent adaptability to deformations including bending and stretching, as well as other favorable features like water‐/fire‐resistance. The successful demonstration of the proposed high‐performance and multifunctional Li‐CO2 batteries provide an effective model for designing future flexible energy storage devices beyond metal‐gas batteries for wearables in specific application scenarios.
A Critical Review on the Progress of Kesterite Solar Cells: Current Strategies and Insights
Authors: Wang Ao , He Mingrui , Green Martin A. , Sun Kaiwen , Hao Xiaojing
Published: November 2022

Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) with earth‐abundant and environmental‐benign constituents has been regarded as a promising solar energy harvesting material for green and cost‐effective photovoltaic applications. The record efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells has recently been refreshed twice after years‐long stagnation, keeping it in the spotlight. Nevertheless, the champion efficiency of 13.6% is still far behind its counterpart Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) (23.35%) despite being endowed with a similar electronic structure and nearly‐identical device architecture. In fact, CZTSSe solar cells are more susceptible to non‐radiative recombination at bulk and interfaces, which must be improved for further efficiency advancement. In this review, the state‐of‐art strategies to enhance the power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells are summarized and discussed, with focus given to three critical device regions i) kesterite absorber, ii) buffer/kesterite interface, and iii) kesterite/back contact interface. With the further elucidation of the latest progress and disclosure of fundamental mechanisms, novel insights toward high‐efficiency kesterite solar cells are proposed.
Elemental models of primate nursing and weaning revisited
Authors: Smith Tanya M. , Arora Manish , Bharatiya Maya , Dirks Wendy , Austin Christine
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Intra‐tooth patterns of trace elements barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr) have been used to infer human and nonhuman primate nursing histories, including australopithecine and Neanderthal juveniles. Here, we contrast the two elemental models in first molars (M1s) of four wild baboons and explore the assumptions that underlie each.

Materials and Methods

Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was employed to create comprehensive calcium‐normalized barium and strontium (Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca) maps of M1 enamel and dentine at 35 micron resolution.

Results

Postnatal Ba/Ca values were typically high, peaking ~0.5 years of age and then decreasing throughout M1 crown formation; all four individuals showed minimal Ba/Ca values between ~1.2–1.8 years, consistent with field reports of the cessation of suckling. Enamel Sr/Ca did not support patterns of previous LA‐ICP‐MS spot sampling as the enamel rarely showed discrete Sr/Ca secretory zonation. Increases in Sr/Ca appeared in coronal dentine beginning ~0.3 years, with varied peak value ages (~0.7–2.7 years) and no evidence of a predicted postweaning decline.

Discussion

Inferences of baboon weaning ages from initial Ba/Ca minima are more congruent with behavioral observations than Sr/Ca maxima; this is consistent with studies of captive macaques of known weaning ages. Elemental variation is more apparent in the coronal dentine than the enamel of these baboons, which may relate to its more rapid mineralization and protection from the oral environment. Inferences of nursing histories from enamel Sr/Ca patterns alone should be reconsidered, and elevated values of Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca in teeth formed after weaning require further study.
Examination of runs of homozygosity in relation to height in an endogamous Namibian population
Authors: Swinford Natalie , Gallagher Brenna , Sheehama Jacob , Lin Meng , Prall Sean , Scelza Brooke , Henn Brenna M.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Height is a complex, highly heritable polygenic trait subject to both genetic composition and environmental influences. Recent studies suggest that a large proportion of height heritability is determined by the cumulative effect of many low allele frequency variants across the genome. Previous research has also identified an inverse relationship between height and runs of homozygosity (ROH); however, this has yet to be examined within African populations. We aim to identify this association within the Himba, an endogamous Namibian population who are recently bottlenecked, resulting in elevated haplotype sharing and increased homozygosity.

Materials and Methods

Here, we calculate the fraction of the genome composed of long runs of homozygosity (FROH) in a sample of 245 adults and use mixed effects models to assess its effect on height.

Results

We find that Himba adults exhibit increased homozygosity. However, in contrast to previous studies in other populations, we do not find a significant effect of FROH on height within the Himba. We further estimated heritability of height, noting both an enrichment of distant relatives and greater developmental homogeneity across households; we find that (SE ± 0.146), comparable to estimates reported in Europeans.

Discussion

Our results may be due to other environmental variables we were not able to include, measurement error, or low statistical power, but may also imply that phenotypic expression resulting from increased homozygosity may vary from population to population.
Recent Advances in Electrophysiological Recording Platforms for Brain and Heart Organoids
Authors: Chung Won Gi , Kim Enji , Song Hayoung , Lee Jakyoung , Lee Sanghoon , Lim Kyeonghee , Jeong Inhea , Park Jang-Ung
Published: November 2022

Organoids refer to 3D stem cells that have been developed to model neurological disorders in vitro. Typically, brain and heart organoids have gained interest for their potential to truly mimic the functional ability of real organs. Morphological analysis methods using immunostaining and slicing of the organoids are explored extensively over the past decade to evaluate the structures and functions of organoids. However, the destructiveness of these methods limits real‐time monitoring of the dynamic responses of the organoids. Therefore, electrophysiological functional analysis of organoids with minimally invasive forms can be a key solution to an improved understanding of the nature of complex organoids. Herein, the latest advances in the recording platforms are reviewed and a comprehensive study of considerations regarding electrophysiological factors is provided. Furthermore, current challenges are discussed along with prospects for next‐generation electrophysiological analysis of brain and heart organoids.
Analysis of Nanomedicine Efficacy for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Liu Ling , Le Zhicheng , Tay Andy
Published: November 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease and it causes considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Currently, OA can be classified into different stages depending on its severity, from mild to severe, but there is no treatment focusing on a particular stage. In addition, conventional treatments suffer from drawbacks such as the poor effectiveness of physiotherapy, short‐term efficacy of medication, and invasiveness of surgery. Nanomedicine is a promising approach to improve OA treatments such as by prolonging the residence time of drugs in the joint and on‐demand drug release. Herein, the pathological development of OA and the cellular involvement in this process is reviewed and classified into three stages: early, intermediate, and advanced, according to its pathology and severity. Subsequently, nanomaterials that have been used to deliver drug cargo relevant to different stages of OA are reviewed. The impact of nanomaterial physicochemical properties, on therapeutic efficacy, is discussed. This is concluded by discussing the significance of minimum information reporting to standardize the use of nanomedicine for OA treatment and the potential of emerging methods including microneedles and DNA barcoding technology to improve the understanding of OA biology and improve clinical translation.
Core–Shell Spheroid‐Laden Microgels Crosslinked under Biocompatible Conditions for Probing Cancer‐Stromal Communication
Authors: Zhu Hongjia , Roode Lianne W.Y. , Parry Aled J. , Erkamp Nadia A. , Rodriguez-Garcia Marc , Narita Masako , Shen Yi , Ou Yangteng , Toprakcioglu Zenon , Narita Masashi , Knowles Tuomas P.J.
Published: November 2022

Multicellular cancer spheroids (MCSs) have emerged as a promising in vitro model that recaptures many features of solid tumours in vivo. To generate cancer spheroids, cells are encapsulated in microgels with high throughput. While the biophysical properties of the cancer spheroid and biomaterial influence the function and behavior of the cells, characterization of these properties remains largely unexplored. In addition, many existing techniques lack control over cell positioning, resulting in the formation of spheroids with large variability. Herein, a versatile, microfluidic platform for generating biocompatible core–shell microgels with uniform cancer spheroids is reported. In addition, an in situ micromechanics measuring device to determine the stiffness of individual artificial cancer niches is used. The power of the microfluidics‐based method by making MCS‐laden microgels to model the interactions of stromal cancer cells is demonstrated. Together with in vivo data, it is shown that tumor cell proliferation is promoted by cocultured fibroblasts.
Virtual Source of a Swallowtail Beam
Authors: Chen Hechong , Liang Zehong , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Yong , Shui Lingling , Deng Dongmei
Published: November 2022

By applying a virtual source method, the exact and the paraxial solutions of the Swallowtail beams (SBs) that are governed by the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation are introduced. The paraxial SBs generated experimentally possess both self‐accelerating and self‐focusing features. The parameters controlling the field distributions are discussed in theory. From the spectral representation of the Swallowtail wave, in the appropriate limit, the first four terms of the nonparaxial correction series for the (1+2)‐dimensional Swallowtail waves that simplify to the SBs are obtained.
Lightweight and flexible sensors based on environmental‐friendly poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composite foams with porous segregated conductive networks
Authors: Yang Jingbo , Ding Mingqi , Cai Wenrui , Xu Dawei , Park Chul B.
Published: November 2022

Constructing the microcellular structure in the conductive polymer composites (CPCs) is a promising approach to improve the sensitivity and durability of the piezoresistive sensor. Selectively placing the conductive fillers, to form the segregated network between the polymer region, can effectively improve the electric performance of CPCs. However, few researches have focused on the influence of the polymer bead size on the segregated network and the large‐scale production of spherical polymer beads with low cost is still difficult to realize. Herein, plenty of regular‐shaped poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) beads were manufactured through underwater pelletizing process, which was further coated with carbon nanotube (CNT) particles with the assistance of ball milling technology, and eventually the sensor was successfully fabricated through supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) bead foaming technology. The lightweight and flexible sensor exhibited the uniform cell structure with the mean cell size of 51.0 μm and cell density of 3.9 × 108 cells/cm3 when the pelletizing cutter speed was 2500 rpm and the foaming temperature was 117.5°C. And the conductivity of the sensor reached 6.5 S/m incorporated with 3 wt% CNT, which possessed high sensitivity, good stability and long‐term durability, attributed to its excellent microcellular structure and segregated conductive network.
Discovery of oxindole‐based FLT3 inhibitors as a promising therapeutic lead for acute myeloid leukemia carrying the oncogenic ITD mutation
Authors: Bender Onur , Shoman Mai E. , Ali Taha F. S. , Dogan Rumeysa , Celik Ismail , Mollica Adriano , Hamed Mohammed I. A. , Aly Omar M. , Alamri Abdulwahab , Alanazi Jowaher , Ahemad Nafees , Gan Siew Hua , Malik Jonaid Ahmad , Anwar Sirajudheen , Atalay Arzu , Beshr Eman A. M.
Published: November 2022

FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations occur in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. In the current study, the oxindole chemotype is employed as a structural motif for the design of new FLT3 inhibitors as potential hits for AML irradiation. Cell‐based screening was performed with 18 oxindole derivatives and 5a–c inhibited 68%–73% and 83%–91% of internal tandem duplication (ITD)‐mutated MV4‐11 cell growth for 48‐ and 72‐h treatments while only 0%–2% and 27%–39% in wild‐type THP‐1 cells. The most potent compound 5a inhibited MV4‐11 cells with IC50 of 4.3 µM at 72 h while it was 8.7 µM in THP‐1 cells, thus showing two‐fold selective inhibition against the oncogenic ITD mutation. The ability of 5a to modulate cell death was examined. High‐throughput protein profiling revealed low levels of the growth factors IGFBP‐2 and ‐4 with the blockage of various apoptotic inhibitors such as Survivin. p21 with cellular stress mechanisms was characterized by increased expression of HSP proteins along with TNF‐β. Mechanistically, compounds 5a and 5b inhibited FLT3 kinase with IC50 values of 2.49 and 1.45 µM, respectively. Theoretical docking studies supported the compounds' ability to bind to the FLT3 ATP binding site with the formation of highly stable complexes as evidenced by molecular dynamics simulations. The designed compounds also provide suitable drug candidates with no violation of drug likeability rules.
Azobenzene derivatives with activity against drug‐resistant Candida albicans and Candida auris
Authors: Raschig Martina , Ramírez‐Zavala Bernardo , Wiest Johannes , Saedtler Marco , Gutmann Marcus , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Morschhäuser Joachim , Meinel Lorenz
Published: November 2022

Increasing resistance against antimycotic drugs challenges anti‐infective therapies today and contributes to the mortality of infections by drug‐resistant Candida species and strains. Therefore, novel antifungal agents are needed. A promising approach in developing new drugs is using naturally occurring molecules as lead structures. In this work, 4,4'‐dihydroxyazobenzene, a compound structurally related to antifungal stilbene derivatives and present in Agaricus xanthodermus (yellow stainer), served as a starting point for the synthesis of five azobenzene derivatives. These compounds prevented the growth of both fluconazole‐susceptible and fluconazole‐resistant Candida albicans and Candida auris strains. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm the potential therapeutic value of these compounds.
Exploration of thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones as tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, ADMET, docking, and antiproliferative evaluations
Authors: Aziz Nada A. A. M. , George Riham F. , El‐Adl Khaled , Mahmoud Walaa R.
Published: November 2022

As dual EGFR and VEGFR‐2 inhibitors, 22 innovative thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones were modeled, constructed, and measured for their anticancer performance versus four human neoplasms HCT‐116, MCF‐7, A549, and HepG2. Molecular docking and MD simulation were performed to inspect the binding technique of the proffered congeners with the EGFR and VEGFR‐2 receptors. Evidence realized thanks to the docking inquests was vastly consistent together with that detected through the biological screening. Structures 14a and 14g emerged as the most active compounds toward HCT116 (IC50 = 6.01 and 7.44 µM), MCF‐7 (IC50 = 5.77 and 7.23 µM), A549 (IC50 = 5.35 and 5.47 µM) and HepG2 (IC50 = 3.55 and 3.85 µM) tumefaction cells. Compounds 14a and 14g exhibited higher events than sorafenib (IC50 = 5.05, 5.58, 4.04, and 4.00 µM) against HepG2 instead subordinate incidents concerning A549, MCF‐7, and HCT116, parallelly. Nevertheless, these compounds signified weightier performance than erlotinib (IC50 = 13.91, 8.20, 5.49, 7.73, and µM), with respect to the four cell lines. Compounds having the best activity against the four cell lines, 12a–f, 13a–d, and 14a–g were chosen to appraise their in vitro VEGFR‐2 and EGFRT790M inhibiting activities. The best results were for compounds 14a and 14g compared to sorafenib and erlotinib, respectively, with IC50 values of 0.74 and 0.78 µM and 0.12 and 0.14 µM, respectively. Moreover, 13d, 14a, and 14g showed an adequate in silico calculated ADMET profile. The current investigation presents novel candidates for future optimization to construct mightier and eclectic binary VEGFR‐2/EGFRT790M restrainers with higher antitumor effects.
Eco‐friendly polyol through in situ hydroxylation from epoxidation of palm oleic acid via heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Azmi Intan S. , Hadi Abdul , Jalil Mohd J.
Published: November 2022

The world's consumption of raw materials has shifted from the use of non‐renewable materials to renewable materials. Studies on greener epoxidation using vegetable oils to produce eco‐friendly polyol have also increased. This study aims to produce polyol‐based epoxidized palm oleic acid with a high hydroxyl value by a novel method which is continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid using a heterogeneous catalyst. Starting from the raw palm oleic acid, the double bonds are functionalized by introducing epoxy groups and ring‐opened to produce hydroxyl groups. The best process parameters for epoxidation were optimized to maximize the oxirane value and to focus on oxirane stability. The relative conversion to the oxirane percentage was maximum (82%) after 30 min of epoxidation reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at a wavelength of 3300 cm−1, indicating the presence of a hydroxyl group when polyol was analyzed. Overall, polyol with a high hydroxyl value (339 mg KOH/g), high yield (80.7%) and average molecular weight of 1045 Da was successfully produced from palm oleic acid using continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized oleic acid. Based on hydroxyl value and average molecular weight, the polyol is deemed suitable for producing rigid polyurethane foam. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment in a Rat Model of Senile Osteoporosis In Vivo
Authors: Zhou Jun , Wang Jinling , Qu Mengjian , Huang Xiarong , Yin Linwei , Liao Yang , Huang Fujin , Ning Pengyun , Zhong Peirui , Zeng Yahua
Published: November 2022

This study assessed the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in a rat model of senile osteoporosis and the underlying molecular events. 24‐month‐old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control and PEMF groups (n = 8 per group) using a random digit table, while 3‐month‐old male SD rats were set as the young‐age control group. Rats in the PEMF group were treated by PEMF for 40 min/day for 5 days/week. Bone mineral density/microarchitecture, level of serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling genes in rat bone marrow cells were then analyzed. The 12‐week PEMF intervention showed a significant effect on inhibition of age‐induced bone density loss and deterioration of trabecular bone structures in the PEMF group rats versus control rats, that is, the treatment enhanced bone mineral density of the proximal femoral metaphysis and the fifth lumbar (L5) vertebral body and improved the proximal tibia and L4 vertebral body parameters using bone histomorphometry analysis. Furthermore, the BALP level in the bones was significantly increased, but the TRACP5b level was reduced in the PEMF group of rats versus control rats. PEMF also dramatically upregulated expression of Wnt3a, LRP5, β‐catenin, and Runx2 but downregulated PPAR‐γ expression in the aged rats. The results demonstrated that PEMF could prevent bone loss and architectural deterioration due to the improvement of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation and proliferation abilities and activating the Wnt signaling pathway. Future clinical studies are needed to validate these findings. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Carotid Baroreceptor Magnetic Activation and Beat‐to‐Beat Blood Pressure Variability, Implications to Treat Abrupt Blood Pressure Elevation in Labile Hypertension
Authors: Gmitrov Juraj
Published: November 2022

Mounting evidence suggests enhanced blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) independent role in cardiovascular (CV) damage. The goal was to estimate the effect of the carotid baroreceptor (CB) magnetic stimulation on sudden high BP elevation. Mean femoral arterial BP (MAP), heart rate (HR), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and ear lobe skin microcirculatory blood flow, by microphotoelectric plethysmography (MPPG), were simultaneously recorded in conscious rabbits sedated by pentobarbital intravenous (i.v.) infusion (5 mg/kg/h) after 40 min CB exposure to 350 mT static magnetic field (SMF), by Nd2‐Fe14‐B magnets (n = 14), or sham magnets exposure (n = 14). BRS was assessed from HR and MAP responses to abrupt hypotension induced by i.v. bolus injections of nitroprusside (Ni) and abrupt MAP elevation (MAPAE) by i.v. bolus of phenylephrine (Ph). Beat‐to‐beat BPV was estimated by MAP standard deviation. SMF CB exposure significantly increased BRSNi (74.5 ± 17.8%, P < 0.001) and microcirculation (23.8% ± 11.0%, P = 0.039); decreased MAP (−5.7 ± 1.7%, P < 0.014) and phenylephrine‐induced MAPAE (−19.1%, P = 0.043). MAPAE positively correlated with resting MAP (r = 0.342, P = 0.0383) and MAP SD (r = 0.383, P = 0.0194), and inversely with BRSPh (r = −0.47, P = 0.0156). SMF CB exposure enhanced the nitroprusside, which acts by releasing nitric oxide (NO), vasodilatory effect. This indicates arterial baroreflex to improve vessel sensitivity to NO, which is a new physiology with BP buffering effect. A positive correlation of MAP SD to phenylephrine BP ramps suggests a causal relationship and BPV prognostic significance to forecast abrupt BP elevation. Mechano/baroreceptor magneto‐sensing property proposed to be the basic physiology by which SMFs boost CV autonomic regulation with potential implementation in high CV risk labile arterial hypertensive disease. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
A Pilot Study Evaluating the Feasibility of Testing for an Acute Impact of Human Exposure to a Power‐line Frequency Magnetic Field on Blood Cortisol and Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone
Authors: Legros Alexandre , Corbacio Michael , Villard Sébastien , Souques Martine , Lambrozo Jacques
Published: November 2022

Numerous studies have been carried out on the potential effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF—0–300 Hz) magnetic field (MF) on human health. However, there is limited data on the effect of a high exposure level to ELF MFs for a prolonged period. Therefore, the objective of this pilot work was to demonstrate the feasibility of a study evaluating the stress hormone concentrations resulting from a 10‐min exposure to a 60 Hz MF of several tens of thousands of µT. In this pilot study, human volunteers were thus exposed for the first time to a 60 Hz, 50 mT MF for a duration of 10 min. Stress hormone levels were measured before (once), during (twice) and after (once) this 10‐min exposure period. The small sample size (n = 5) did not allow to conduct standard inferential statistical tests and no conclusion regarding the exposure effects can be drawn. However, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using a simple blood testing material in a protocol testing for the effect of a 10‐min exposure to a high MF level in healthy human volunteers. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Epigenetics across the evolutionary tree: New paradigms from non‐model animals
Authors: Sadler Kirsten C.
Published: November 2022

All animals have evolved solutions to manage their genomes, enabling the efficient organization of meters of DNA strands in the nucleus and allowing for nuanced regulation of gene expression while keeping transposable elements suppressed. Epigenetic modifications are central to accomplishing all these. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and the development of techniques that profile epigenetic marks and chromatin accessibility using reagents that can be used in any species has catapulted epigenomic studies in diverse animal species, shedding light on the multitude of epigenomic mechanisms utilized across the evolutionary tree. Now, comparative epigenomics is a rapidly growing field that is uncovering mechanistic aspects of epigenetic modifications and chromatin organization in non‐model invertebrates, ranging from octopus to sponges. This review puts recent discoveries in the epigenetics of non‐model invertebrates in historical context, and describes new insight into the patterning and functions of DNA methylation and other highly conserved epigenetic modifications.
Reclaiming “Mydentity”: Counterstorytelling to challenge injustice for racially and economically marginalized emerging adults
Authors: Pender Kristen N. , Hope Elan C. , Sondel Beth
Published: November 2022

Emerging adulthood is an important period for identity development, the development of sociopolitical beliefs, and establishment of social roles and responsibilities. As a part of this development, counterstorytelling—narrative processes that contrast and challenge dominant oppressive narratives—may be used within counterspaces to facilitate positive identity development and to challenge injustice. In this qualitative study, we analyse interviews with and poetry from 12 emerging adults who were facilitators within a youth critical literacy program to understand how counterstorytelling functions to both facilitate identity development and challenge injustice. We found evidence of two superordinate themes: reclaiming identity, taking ownership of identity through counterstorytelling; and co‐creating a narrative community, collectively building community through counterstorytelling. Findings support counterstorytelling promotes emergent identity development and works as a strategy for challenging injustice and oppression for marginalized emerging adults. Implications for practitioners and future research are discussed.
Hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) activates c‐Myc signaling by inhibiting ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation of c‐Myc in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Feng Jutao , Liu Yanmin , Fang Tianling , Zhu Jinrong , Wang Guoying , Li Jun
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis due to the usually advanced stage at diagnosis. Sustained activation of the MYC oncogene is implicated in the development of HCC; however, the molecular mechanisms of MYC deregulation in HCC are poorly understood. Here, real‐time PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) in HCC cells. Expression of HN1 and MYC in clinical specimens was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The role of HN1 in HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion was explored in vitro and in vivo. MYC expression was measured using real‐time PCR and western blotting. MYC transcriptional activity was assessed using a luciferase reporter system. Expression of MYC target genes was quantified using real‐time PCR. Protein interaction between MYC and HN1 was assessed using co‐immunoprecipitation and western blotting. We identified HN1 as a novel regulatory factor of the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β–MYC axis. HN1 expression is elevated in liver tumor tissues and cells, and significantly correlates with poor survival in HCC patients. Upregulation of HN1 promotes, and silencing of HN1 represses, the proliferation and metastasis of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, our results demonstrate that HN1 sustains stabilization and persistent activity of MYC via interaction with GSK3β in HCC. Importantly, the tumor‐promoting effects of HN1 on HCC cells were attenuated by suppressing MYC. In conclusion, constitutive activation of MYC by HN1 promotes the progression of HCC; therefore, HN1 might be a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
Correlation of aortic valve annular plane assessment by on‐table three‐dimensional rotational angiography and preprocedural computed tomography
Authors: Tanner Richard , Murphy Sean , Malone Ciara , McGorrian Catherine , Sugrue Declan , Barton David , Byrne Roger , Blake Gavin , Margey Ronan , Casserly Ivan P.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To assess the correlation between the aortic valve annular plane (AVAP) obtained by preprocedural computed tomography (CT) with on‐table three‐dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA), in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background

Accurate assessment of the AVAP is critical during TAVR procedures to enable optimal positioning and minimize complications. Most commonly, preprocedural CT has been used to determine the AVAP. However, this can differ from the actual AVAP obtained during the TAVR procedure.

Methods

Consecutive TAVR patients at a single center undergoing both preprocedural CT and 3DRA were included in the study. The AVAP assessment by CT was performed using 3mensio software (Pie Medical Imaging). 3DRA assessment was performed using DynaCT (Siemens).

Results

A total of 100 patients were included in the analysis. A difference of ≥5° and ≥10° in both the LAO/RAO and cranial/caudal components of the AVAP projection angle as assessed by CT and 3DRA was recorded in 39% and 10% of patients, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficient for the LAO/RAO and cranial/caudal implantation angles was 0.519 (95% CI: 0.377–0.661) and 0.558 (95% CI: 0.432–0.684), respectively.

Conclusion

Correlation between preprocedural CT and on‐table 3DRA in the prediction of the actual AVAP at the time of TAVR implantation is moderate.
Management of a right coronary artery mycotic coronary aneurysm with percutaneous intervention with covered stents
Authors: Price Justin , Okyere Robert , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Gupta Anjan
Published: November 2022

Coronary artery aneurysmal dilation is a rare finding with poorly understood mechanism of action that is found in small population of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Mycotic coronary aneurysm is an even rarer cause of coronary aneurysmal dilatation that develops as a potentially fatal complication of bacteremia. We present a case of mycotic right coronary artery aneurysm in a nonsurgical candidate with complex medical comorbidities treated with percutaneous coronary intervention via covered stents.
Multimodality imaging results of TAP versus novel modified TAP stenting in coronary bifurcation: From bench testing to first‐in‐man investigation
Authors: Ng Jaryl Chen Koon , Ang Huiying , Zhong Liang , Hakim Diaa , Marmagkiolis Kostas , Foin Nicolas , Leesar Massoud A.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We investigated the results of T and small protrusion (TAP) versus a novel modification of TAP (mTAP) stenting by multimodality imaging in bench testing and in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions (CBL).

Background

TAP stenting is a suboptimal technique for bailout side branch (SB) stenting.

Methods

In a bench model, optical coherence tomography (OCT), microscopic examinations (ME), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were performed after TAP and mTAP stenting. In 20 patients with CBL, 80 intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examinations were performed during mTAP stenting in which the SB stent was pulled‐back to indent the inflated main vessel (MV) balloon and deployed while deflating it. For TAP stenting, the tip of the SB stent was positioned in the MV and deployed.

Results

In bench testing, OCT showed neocarina length (NL) was shorter and minimum stent area (MSA) was larger after mTAP versus TAP stenting (2.84 ± 0.70 vs. 4.80 ± 020 mm; 6.75 ± 1.50 vs. 4.5 ± 2.2 mm2; respectively; p < 0.05). By ME, NL was shorter and shear rate trended lower after mTAP versus TAP stenting. In patients, IVUS showed MSA was larger after versus before mTAP stenting (6.32 ± 0.58 vs. 5.21 ± 0.56 mm2; p < 0.01); NL was 1.43 ± 0.22 mm with SB ostium coverage. The Seattle Angina questionnaire (SAQ) score was higher at 6 months versus baseline (85 ± 4.0 vs. 48 ± 6.0, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This multimodality imaging study showed, for the first time, mTAP stenting resulted in larger stent area and shorter neocarina than TAP stenting in bench testing. In patients with CBL, mTAP stenting led to larger stent area, short neocarina with complete SB ostium coverage, and improved the SAQ score at follow‐up.
A case of right inguinal necrotizing skin and soft‐tissue infection
Authors: Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Sitaridis Konstantinos , Filippidis Isaac , Tsiariglis Ioannis , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis
Published: November 2022

Mesh infection is the most common complication after elective hernia repair with an increasing incidence with time.
Cardiac involvement of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting as various arrythmias
Authors: Ido Tadakiyo , Minamiguchi Hitoshi , Ichibori Yasuharu , Hayashi Takaharu , Makino Nobuhiko , Hirayama Atsushi , Higuchi Yoshiharu
Published: November 2022

Symptomatic cardiac involvement of malignant lymphoma is rare. Silent invasion of malignant lymphoma makes it difficult to diagnose it in the early phase of clinical course. We describe a case with cardiac involvement of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting various types of arrythmias that were not diagnosed until autopsy.
Lipohypertrophy contributing to severe diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes: An increasing problem in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Smith Emilia Imogen , Ciutac Andra , Smith Jamie C.
Published: November 2022

A 57‐year‐old man with type 1 diabetes was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic. On examination, there was evidence of severe lipohypertrophy on his abdomen. Repeated injection of subcutaneous insulin into areas of lipohypertrophy was thought to have contributed to the development of ketoacidosis.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in stage III C Kienböck disease: Time is bone
Authors: Cracchiolo Andrea N. , Genco Fabio , Lo Bue Rosalia , Palmeri Marco , Tantillo Diego , Re Giuseppe , Bonanno Biagio , Finazzo Mario , Palma Daniela Maria
Published: November 2022

Kienböck disease, also known as lunatomalacia, is a rare condition which can lead to progressive wrist pain and abnormal carpal motion. We present the case of a 30‐year‐old patient with Down syndrome who came to our observation for treatment of stage III C Kienböck disease. In September 2019, the patient reported wrist pain with limitation in movements and initially underwent conservative treatment without benefit. In October 2020, pain symptoms and difficult movements with reduced strength worsened and surgical treatment was proposed, but the patient and his family declined. Thereby the patient underwent conservative treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) 60 sessions, 100% oxygen at 2.5 absolute atmospheres (ATA), oxygen total time 60 min, once daily, five times per week. After 6 months, a positive clinical and radiological evolution were observed, with an improvement in the patterns of pain, motion, and strength and an almost complete involution of the process of aseptic necrosis of the semilunar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of stage III C Kienböck's disease in Down's syndrome patient treated with HBOT.
A 9.8 Mb deletion at 7q31.2q31.31 downstream of FOXP2 in an individual with speech and language impairment suggests a possible positional effect
Authors: Iwata‐Otsubo Aiko , Klee Victoria H. , Ahmad Aaliya A. , Walsh Laurence E. , Breman Amy M.
Published: November 2022

Haploinsufficiency of FOXP2 causes FOXP2‐related speech and language disorder. We report a 9.8 Mb deletion downstream of FOXP2 in a girl with speech and language impairment, developmental delay, and other features. We propose involvement of FOXP2 in pathogenesis of these phenotypes, likely due to positional effects on the gene.
Omental infarction and anterior wall adhesion presenting as surgical abdomen in a pediatric patient
Authors: Omran Kareem , Al Tamr Wissam Jamal
Published: November 2022

Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen that can present in both the pediatric and adult populations causing adhesions or abscesses. Presentation may mimic appendicitis; however, ultrasonography may not be sufficient. We discuss the importance of CT imaging for the pre‐surgical diagnosis to avoid serious port‐site injuries.
Local bullous reaction as a cutaneous reaction after mRNA‐boosted vaccination in a post‐COVID patient
Authors: Kultawanich Kwanhatai , Sampattavanich Nattaporn
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The spectrum of symptomatic infection ranges from mild to critical with multiple severe complications. Many vaccines have been developed to prevent COVID‐19 disease, including an mRNA vaccine. Different adverse effects were reported as delayed large local reactions, swelling, erythema, urticarial, and morbilliform rashes. Among these, bullous reactions from the vaccine are considered rare. Here, we described a local bullous reaction after an mRNA booster vaccination in a post‐COVID patient.
Development of multiple myeloma after 15 years of treatment for polycythemia vera and successful treatment using bortezomib: A case report
Authors: Kimura Hideo , Furukawa Miki , Mori Hirotaka , Shiga Yutaka , Asai Jun , Satoh Keiji , Kai Tatsuyuki
Published: November 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM) and polycythemia vera (PV) rarely coexist; the clinical manifestations and treatment of this coexistence have not been described. An 81‐year‐old woman developed MM 15 years after undergoing PV treatment and was successfully treated using bortezomib. Herein, we share our experience of treating MM under such unusual conditions.
Preparing school counselors for social justice group counseling: Examining, power, privilege, and intersectionality
Authors: Ieva Kara P. , Steen Sam , Beasley Jordon J.
Published: November 2022

Given the sociopolitical climate of schools today and multiple crises, school counselors are poised to center healing engagement, antiracist education, and social emotional learning through group counseling. Therefore, counselor education programs must prepare and train social justice‐engaged school counselors with advanced group knowledge and skills to fuel the success of all P‐12 schools. This manuscript specifically explores the extent to which school counselors use the lens of power, privilege, and intersectionality within the screening, planning, implementation, and evaluation of small groups. Results indicate while school counselors are facilitating small group counseling, contradictions exist in training and school counselors’ implementation of small groups from the lens of power, privilege, and intersectionality to promote social justice and antiracist practices in schools. School counselors perceive they were trained in small group counseling from the lens of power, privilege, and intersectionality, however, they reported that they do not implement group counseling from the same lens.
Kinetics of bitumen extraction from oil sands using organic solvents
Authors: Yuan Wei , Zhu Peiliang , Kang Zhuang , Sun Yinlu
Published: November 2022

The kinetic study of bitumen extraction from oil sands is significant for efficiency improvement and reactor design in industrial applications. Here, an improved pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model was established with the assumption of a constant Sherwood number, which took into account the mass transfer area. Five organic solvents were used for the extraction kinetics of the prepared bitumen microbeads. The improved pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model exhibited excellent fitting effects. Petroleum ether/dichloromethane was proved to be the best solvent. The results also showed an exponential decrease in the diameter of the bitumen microbeads and a linear increase in mass transfer coefficients with time for all the solvents. The kinetics of bitumen extraction from oil sands using different solvents were predicted according to the corresponding average mass transfer coefficients. The experimental results confirmed that the improved kinetic model was capable of describing the mass transfer process of bitumen extraction from oil sands.