bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of technology of cheese enriched with vegetable biologically active substances
Authors:   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Berulava Irma O. , Apkhadze Ketino R. ,   Akaki Tsereteli State University
Published: April 2024

The search for plant raw materials containing biologically active substances and its use in food production is a promising direction that allows increasing the range of products with high biological value. The aim of the work was the development of technology production and evaluation of the quality of dairy products, namely cheese, using local vegetables rich in biologically active substances. In order to expand the range of functional dairy products, we studied the chemical composition of vegetables common in Western Georgia, namely carrots. It is a complete source of vitamins, minerals, organic acids, pectins, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, β-carotene. Carrot has antitumor, antimutagenic properties; strengthens the immune system. It is also easily digestible and therefore occupies an important place in the human diet. As a result of research, a technology has been developed for manufacturing a new dairy product – cheese using carrots. Cheese enriched with carrots provides the body with many vitamins, macro- and microelements. Vegetable raw materials, with their taste properties, are well combined with a dairy product, and at the same time form a specific color, new pleasant taste characteristics, and increase the nutritional value of the product. The used biologically active additive not only enriches the product with a certain biologically active substance, but also affects the technological properties and quality indicators of the finished product. One of our goals in this experiment was to ensure the maximum concentration of biologically active substances in a functional product without compromising the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. Since the new product is characterized by a specific taste, we considered it appropriate to include it in different percentages, which ensure the formation of color, taste and aroma, and the structure of the cheese. At the final stage of research work, the content of β-carotene, calcium and vitamin C, physicochemical and microbiological parameters, and storage periods were determined in the new product.
Characterising disease and prescribing patterns in people with heart failure and multiple chronic conditions: a single-centre descriptive cohort study
Authors: saied schabnam , Bahar Jameela , Mashida Knievel , Heron Olivia , Prokopidis Konstantinos , gulliford sarah , Connah Kelly , Rasoul Debar , Akpan Asan , Oguguo Chukwemeka , Walker Lauren , sankaranarayanan rajiv
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition often
accompanied by comorbidities such as renal dysfunction, diabetes
mellitus (DM), chronic respiratory diseases, frailty, and anaemia,
necessitating intricate management involving multiple therapeutics.
Objectives: This retrospective cohort study aims to characterize
prescribing patterns and identify potentially inappropriate polypharmacy
in individuals with HF and multimorbidity. Methods: Data was collected
from 234 HF adults with multimorbidity under the care of the HF
multidisciplinary team at Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust
(LUHFT) from January 2020 -February 2021. Results: The mean age was
71.5±13.9 and 44% were female. ACCI was 6.9±3.3, CFS was 5.5±3.2,
polypharmacy burden was high at 10.2±3.9, and ACB was 1.45±0.9. ACB was
higher in those with CFS≥6 vs. those with CFS<6 (1.5±1.1 vs.
1.1±0.9; p=0.02). The proportion of adults with HF on treatment for
depression was 19.7%, chronic pain 35%, and chronic constipation
19.7%. Fifteen percent received oral iron instead of the appropriate
intravenous iron replacement, while 17.9% of the cohort were observed
to be nearing the end of their lives. Regarding PIM use, 9% were on
either DAPT/anticoagulant plus anti-platelet therapy beyond 12 months of
an acute coronary event. One in five patients received PPIs without
clear justification. Conclusion: Adults with frailty and HF have a
higher ACB. This study identifies targets for de-prescribing
interventions in HF, including inappropriate PPI and DAPT/anticoagulant
plus anti-platelet therapy, which are seeing in 1:5 and 1:10 adults with
HF in the clinic, respectively. Tailored guidelines can aid shared
decision-making, reducing drug-related complications in this group.
Does the intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine induce bone regeneration in cranial defects at subsedative doses in rabbits?
Authors: Erkan Gözde Nur , Tekin Umut , Boyacıoğlu Özge , Korkusuz Petek , Orhan Kaan , Kırman Betül , Önder Mustafa Ercüment
Published: April 2024

Objective: Dexmedetomidine has been shown to exert protective
and curative effects on various tissues and organs in different
pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of
dexmedetomidine on the regeneration process after inducing a
critical-sized bone defect in the calvarium of rabbits. Subject
and Methods: Twenty-four male Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbits were
divided into three groups, and an 8-mm circular parietal critical-sized
bone defect was induced in all groups. Group_LD was given
dexmedetomidine 2.75 µg/kg; Group_HD, dexmedetomidine 5.5 µg/kg; and
Group_C, saline; all administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. The
blood pressure and sedation score of the rabbits were evaluated. Bone
tissue samples collected at the end of 8 weeks were examined via
micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometry.
Results: The micro-CT results indicated that regeneration
significantly improved in all parameters in the dexmedetomidine-treated
groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, low-dose dexmedetomidine
statistically significantly increased the bone volume ratio (BV/TV)
compared with high-dose dexmedetomidine (p = 0.002). Trabecular
thickness, connectivity value, and connectivity density were
statistically significantly higher in Group_LD than in Group_HD (p
< 0.001). The highest BA/TA% measurement in histomorphometry
was observed in Group_HD, with a mean of 29.81% ± 8.52%. Significant
intramembranous ossification was observed in the dexmedetomidine-treated
groups, and active osteoblasts were observed in at the margin of the new
bone trabeculae. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that
dexmedetomidine increases osteoblastic activity and regeneration
quality. In particular, low-dose dexmedetomidine exerted a more
significant positive effect on the regeneration process and regenerative
tissue quality than high-dose dexmedetomidine according to the micro-CT
parameters.
Minor Palatine Nerve Block in Peritonsillar Abscess Drainage from April to December in the Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Department of the Hospital de Clinicas - San Lorenzo 2022.
Authors: NUÑEZ SAMUDIO SERGIO , Canata Prof. Carlos Enrique Mena , RAÚL TORNACO
Published: April 2024

Background: A peritonsillar abscess is a purulent collection
localized between the palatine tonsil and the muscular wall of the
oropharynx and appears to be a complication of acute tonsillitis or
infection of Weber’s glands. The typical clinical presentation of
peritonsillar abscess includes severe sore throat, fever, and a “hot
potato” voice. Historical features are important for guiding
management. Methods: A prospective, controlled, non-randomized
study was conducted on patients who presented at the ENT emergency
department of Hospital de Clínicas - San Lorenzo with
uncomplicated peritonsillar abscesses. They were divided into two
groups, one receiving the lesser palatine nerve block, and the other
receiving only topical anesthesia with 10% lidocaine. Pain levels were
assessed using a 10-point numerical scale before and 30 minutes after
surgical drainage. Results: The group that received the lesser
palatine nerve block experienced significantly lower pain levels during
the procedure compared to the control group. However, the difference in
pain level after the procedure was not statistically significant between
the two groups. Conclusions: Despite the variability in the
results, it is concluded that the lesser palatine nerve block is a safe
technique that can provide better pain control during peritonsillar
abscess drainage. Further studies with a larger sample size and
consideration of other factors are needed to fully validate this
technique and its potential benefits in clinical practice.
Identifying conflicting domains in problem frame diagram for problem-oriented requirements analysis
Authors: Junaid Waqas , Zhi Li
Published: April 2024

The conflicting domains is a serious problem in problem frame
diagram. These conflicting domains need to be identified and removed.
Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to find the conflicting
domains, categorize them, and annotate them on real world case study.
Design/methodology/approach: This paper takes the three
categories of conflicts such as inconsistencies, inclusion, and
interlock to find the conflicting domains. Finding: the results
show us the different annotation or symbols to represents these
conflicting domains. Based on the annotations or symbols you can say
there is a possibility of conflicts between these domains.
Conclusion: This paper provide us the annotations or symbols such
as interdependenacy, inclusion, and interlock to represent the conflict
between domains in insulin injection control system and regular
monitoring of patient case studies. Originality/value: The paper
addresses a gap of conflicting domains and their annotations or symbols
to represent it, is acknowledged both in the literature and by
practitioners.
On the Performance of a Real-Time Electron Radiation Belt Specification Model
Authors: Staples Frances A , Kellerman Adam C , Green Janet C.
Published: April 2024

Maintaining accurate real-time hindcast and forecast specification of
the radiation environment is essential for operators to monitor and
mitigate the effects of hazardous radiation on satellite components. The
Radiation Belt Forecasting Model and Framework (RBFMF) provides
real-time forecasts and hindcasts of the electron radiation belt
environment, which are used as inputs for the Satellite Charging
Assessment Tool (SatCAT). We evaluated the long-term statistical error
and bias of the RBFMF by comparing the 10-hour hindcast of electron
phase space densities (PSD) to a multi-mission dataset of PSD
observations. We found that, between the years 2016-2018, the RBFMF
reproduced the radiation belt environment to within a factor of 1.5.
While the error and bias of assimilated observations were found to
influence the error and bias of the hindcast, data assimilation resulted
in more accurate specification of the radiation belt state than
real-time Van Allen Probe observations alone. Furthermore, when real
time Van Allen Probe observations were no longer available, the hindcast
errors increased by an order of magnitude. This highlights two needs;
(i) the development of physics-based modelling incorporated into this
framework, and (ii) the need for real-time observations which span the
entire outer radiation belt.
Coupling Remote Sensing with a Process Model for the Simulation of Rangeland Carbon Dynamics
Authors: Xia Yushu , Sanderman Jonathan , Watts Jennifer , Machmuller Megan B , Mullen Andrew L. , Rivard Charlotte , Endsley K. Arthur , Hernandez Haydee , Kimball John , Ewing Stephanie A , Litvak Marcy , Duman Tomer , Krishnan Praveena , Meyers Tilden , Brunsell Nathaniel A , Mohanty Binayak , Liu Heping , Gao Zhongming , Chen Jiquan , Abraha Michael , Scott Russell L. , Flerchinger Gerald , Clark Pat , Stoy Paul Christopher , Khan Anam Munir , Brookshire Jack , Zhang Quan , Cook David R , Thienelt Thomas , Mitra Bhaskar , Mauritz Marguerite , Tweedie Craig , Torn Margaret S. , Billesbach Dave
Published: April 2024

Rangelands provide significant environmental benefits through many
ecosystem services, which may include soil organic carbon (SOC)
sequestration. However, quantifying SOC stocks and monitoring carbon (C)
fluxes in rangelands are challenging due to the considerable spatial and
temporal variability tied to rangeland C dynamics, as well as limited
data availability. We developed a Rangeland Carbon Tracking and
Management (RCTM) system to track long-term changes in SOC and ecosystem
C fluxes by leveraging remote sensing inputs and environmental variable
datasets with algorithms representing terrestrial C-cycle processes.
Bayesian calibration was conducted using quality-controlled C flux
datasets obtained from 61 Ameriflux and NEON flux tower sites from
Western and Midwestern U.S. rangelands, to parameterize the model
according to dominant vegetation classes (perennial and/or annual grass,
grass-shrub mixture, and grass-tree mixture). The resulting RCTM system
produced higher model accuracy for estimating annual cumulative gross
primary productivity (GPP) (R2 > 0.6, RMSE < 390
g C m-2) than net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) (R2 >
0.4, RMSE < 180 g C m-2), and captured the spatial variability
of surface SOC stocks with R2 = 0.6 when validated against SOC
measurements across 13 NEON sites. Our RCTM simulations indicated
slightly enhanced SOC stocks during the past decade, which is mainly
driven by an increase in precipitation. Regression analysis identified
slope, soil texture, and climate factors as the main controls on
model-predicted C sequestration rate. Future efforts to refine the RCTM
system will benefit from long-term network-based monitoring of rangeland
vegetation biomass, C fluxes, and SOC stocks.
A Statistical Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on the World
Authors: Zaidi Zeenat
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 epidemic has caused an unparalleled era of disruption, significantly impacting public health, the environment, the economy, and civilizations globally. This data analysis offers a thorough examination of COVID-19's worldwide effects. Through statistical methods, it explores the epidemic's spread, mechanics of transmission, and social repercussions. In addition, it carries out quantitative research to comprehend how the pandemic affects society's behavior, healthcare systems, and the environment. To understand the substantial repercussions of the pandemic, the review combines many datasets and presents data from a reliable source. Through the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data, this review focuses on the pandemic's effects from several perspectives, such as public health measurements, societal shifts, and environmental changes. The findings demonstrate the horrifying cost of human deaths and describe how society has adapted to new issues and routines. The study additionally examines the data's graphical and tabular format, which comprises the total number of COVID-19 cases and fatalities that have been confirmed in nine different nations.
An Analysis of Intercultural Competence by Variables in Early Childhood Teachers
Authors:   The Korea Associantion For Early Childhood Education Administration, Ahn Hye-Jung , Choi Jung-Ah
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the overall aspects of intercultural competence of early childhood teachers and the differences in intercultural competence according to individual and institutional variables. The participants were 331 kindergarten and childcare teachers located in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyongsangnam-do, and an intercultural competence measurement tool was used. The results of the study are as follows. First, the intercultural competence of early childhood teachers was found to be at a higher level than average, both overall and in sub-factors. Among the sub-factors, conflict management and respect showed similarly high levels, followed by reflection and communication. Second, significant differences were observed in overall intercultural competence and sub-factors such as conflict management, communication, and reflection based on individual variables such as age, teaching experience, and educational background. Specifically, younger and less experienced teachers demonstrated higher overall intercultural competence, as well as higher competence in communication and reflection. Higher educational qualifications were associated with higher competence in conflict management and communication. Third, institutional variables such as teacher qualifications, age group of the assigned class, and institutional size showed significant differences in the sub-factors of intercultural competence, particularly in communication and conflict management. In other words, kindergarten teachers, teachers of younger age groups, and teachers in smaller institutions exhibited higher competence in communication and conflict management. This indicates the need for attention to early childhood teachers' intercultural competence and suggests the necessity to explore supportive measures considering various factors for enhancing intercultural competence.
Practice improvement in ‘Early Childhood Education Curriculum’ subject: Focusing on changes the student agency of pre-service early childhood teachers at S University
Authors:   The Korea Associantion For Early Childhood Education Administration, Jo Hye-Seon
Published: April 2024

This study explored the student agency changes of prospective early childhood teachers revealed in the process of improving the ‘Early Childhood Education Curriculum’ subject at S University in the metropolitan area. The research participants were 56 students from the Department of Early Childhood Education at S University and one professor who is the researcher oneself for the purpose of improving the 'Early Childhood Education Curriculum' class, the early childhood education curriculum theory lectures, on-site field classes, and TBL(Team Based Learning) were used to provide education to children. Research materials include kindergarten visit reports, research participants' PPT for early childhood education program presentation and key summaries, learning portfolios, class improvement reflection sheets, and researchers' research notes. The data collected during the research process was categorized based on specific concepts and reclassified based on the research problem through inductive content analysis. Excitement was mainly showed when the exercise of student agency was executed and field visit to kindergartens, and unfamiliarity was expressed through TBL early childhood education program presentations and discussion classes and learning portfolio experiences. Second, after improving the ‘Early Childhood Education Curriculum’ class, it is said that students came to recognize themselves as learners who formed student agency at the intersection of reflection and practice. I found autonomy like a compass through TBL, and through kindergarten field-related classes, they found themselves as a valuable resource as a early childhood teacher who lacked understanding of the connection between early childhood education theory and practice. Based on this study, we hope to become a systematic turning point in teaching-learning methods for improving theoretical classes to train high-quality pre-service early childhood teachers.
Prolonged course of novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 with the formation of pulmonary fibrosis in an HIV-infected patient
Authors: Savchenko M. A. , Musatov V. B. , Gusev D. A. , Cinzerling V. A.
Published: April 2024

A description of a clinical case of a severe, protracted course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a patient with advanced stage HIV infection, characterized by prolonged release of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the formation of pulmonary fibrosis against the background of an active viral infection, is presented. COVID-19 infection occurred in an immunosuppressed patient without ART. During the period of inpatient treatment, a comprehensive examination was carried out to exclude HIV-associated lung lesions; no evidence of viral, fungal, or bacterial pathology was obtained; mycobacterial infections were also excluded. Despite two courses of antiviral therapy, the use of anti-Covid plasma and complex pathogenetic therapy, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 replication was observed for eight months, with a steady progression of the disease, ending in death.
Timing of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Microvascular Disease in Adults With Obesity
Authors: Sabag Angelo , Ahmadi Matthew N. , Francois Monique E. , Postnova Svetlana , Cistulli Peter A. , Fontana Luigi , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

To assess the association between timing of aerobic moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), microvascular disease (MVD), and all-cause mortality in adults with obesity and a subset with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants included adults with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and a subset of those with T2D from the UK Biobank accelerometry substudy. Aerobic MVPA was defined as bouts of MVPA lasting ≥3 continuous minutes. Participants were categorized into morning, afternoon, or evening MVPA based on when they undertook the majority of their aerobic MVPA. The reference group included participants with an average of less than one aerobic MVPA bout per day. Analyses were adjusted for established and potential confounders.

RESULTS

The core sample included 29,836 adults with obesity, with a mean age of 62.2 (SD 7.7) years. Over a mean follow-up period of 7.9 (SD 0.8) years, 1,425 deaths, 3,980 CVD events, and 2,162 MVD events occurred. Compared with activity in the reference group, evening MVPA was associated with the lowest risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.39; 95% CI 0.27, 0.55), whereas afternoon (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.51, 0.71) and morning MVPA (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.56, 0.79) demonstrated significant but weaker associations. Similar patterns were observed for CVD and MVD incidence, with evening MVPA associated with the lowest risk of CVD (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.54, 0.75) and MVD (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.63, 0.92). Findings were similar in the T2D subset (n = 2,995).

CONCLUSIONS

Aerobic MVPA bouts undertaken in the evening were associated with the lowest risk of mortality, CVD, and MVD. Timing of physical activity may play a role in the future of obesity and T2D management.
PRE- AND POST-NATAL METHODS FOR PREVENTING EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES
Authors: Godovanets O. , Romanuyk D. , Hrynkevych L. , Khomyshyn O.
Published: April 2024

In general, the world recognizes the lack of preventive measures against dental caries in children, as evidenced by itsprevalence and intensity with a signifi cant range of fl uctuations.The aim of the study. To describe modern approaches to the prevention of early childhood dental caries in children basedon the analysis of foreign and domestic literature.Materials and methods. The study used the bibliosemantic method and structural and logical analysis. The electronicdatabases PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE were used to search modern scientifi c literature using the key words «early childhood caries», «macro and trace elements», «probiotics», «prenatal prevention», «postnatal prevention», «oral cavity microfl ora».Results and discussion. At this stage of caries development, the most eff ective prevention programs are those developedon the basis of methods to minimize the impact of risk factors for the development of the disease, such as microbial plaque,low resistance of dental tissues to demineralization, frequent consumption of carbohydrates. The practical implementation of comprehensive prevention programs is very diffi cult, as it should be carried out before the birth of a child and continue throughout life. Often the role of the dentist is to organize and monitor the program, while specifi c preventive measures can and should be implemented by health and education authorities, medical personnel, parents and educators. The greatest impact will be achieved through collaboration among specialists in various medical and non-medical fi elds.Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the literature, there is a great interest of the world’s leading scientists in the prevention of early childhood caries. However, the problems of developing adapted preventive measures taking into account etiologic factors remain relevant.
EXPLORING THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PROMOTING ENGLISH LANGUAGE PRONUNCIATION SKILLS
Authors: Mohammadkarimi Ebrahim
Published: April 2024

This research examines the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing learners' English pronunciation skills. The participants were 78 English language learners at the elementary and pre-intermediate levels, and 19 experienced English language teachers. The researcher employed a mixed-method approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, to comprehensively assess the efficacy of AI-based pronunciation aids and gauge learners' perceptions. During a course of two months, the experimental group used Listnr and Murf AI tools, while the control group adhered to a conventional instruction. The data were taken from pre- and post-test pronunciation scores, questionnaire responses, and interviews with the individuals. The findings of the pre- and post-test indicated that the participants in the experimental group had significant improvements in their pronunciation accuracy. The participants in the study had mostly favorable attitudes towards AI-driven tools, emphasizing their effectiveness in enhancing pronunciation skills, boosting confidence, and promoting engagement. Nevertheless, several obstacles pertaining to the interpretation of feedback and the capture of subtle differences in pronunciation were recognized. This research has shown how AI can potentially be used to teach pronunciation effectively, and it has provided valuable insights for teachers, curriculum developers, and learners.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA FLASH CARD DALAM EKSTRAKURIKULER SENI TARI PADA SISWA TUNAGRAHITA DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA YPPLB KOTA PADANG
Authors: Sari Novi Kurnia , Asriati Afifah
Published: April 2024

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh  penggunaan media FlashCard terhadap daya ingat siswa  kelas  IX smp SLB YPPLB Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuantitatif. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah Variabel  bebas (IndependentVariable) dan Variabel Terikat (Dependent Variable). Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan tes hafalan gerak tari. Langkah-langkah untuk menganalisis data adalah Uji Normalitas, Uji Paired Sample t-Test, Uji Homogenitas dan Uji Independent Sample t-Test. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan  hasil dari kegiatan ekstrakurikuler tari siswa antara penggunaan media Berbasis Manusia (Konvensional) dengan media FlashCard. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai rata-rata hasil kemampuan daya ingat siswa kelas eksperimen yaitu 88,33, sedangkan nilai rata-rata hasil kemampuan daya ingat siswa kelas kontrol yaitu 73,33.  Kemudian diperkuat lagi dengan hasil pengujian Independent Sample t-Test dimana nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,003  0,05. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Hipotesa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kelompok yang diberikan media FlashCard dengan yang hanya menggunakan media berbasis Manusia (Konvensional).
Vybrané aspekty zrušení a vypořádání obecného podílového spoluvlastnictví se zaměřením na solventnost spoluvlastníků
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Chupáč Miroslav
Published: April 2024

This contribution deals with the theme of ‘sovereignty’, especially state sovereignty, as a problematic concept that, from legal modernity onwards, falls into crisis and determines multiple aporias. According to the theoretical constructions of the two authors here considered in a diachronic key, Kelsen and Ferrajoli, it should be overcome in favour of an internationalist dimension of law, which can effectively guarantee the protection of fundamental rights and peace, thus approaching the horizon that Kant outlined at the end of the 18th century. This contribution will therefore set out several reasons why such a shift is desirable.
Zákonná formulace zásady rychlosti trestního řízení z pohledu samostatné existence této zásady
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Kobyljanský Adam
Published: April 2024

The state tries to increase the speed of criminal proceedings in many ways. One of them is the regulation of criminal procedural law. Above the particular procedural provisions related to the speed of proceedings, the Code of Criminal Procedure contains a general formulation of the principle of the speedy criminal proceedings. This paper analyses it and attempts to answer the question of whether the Code of Criminal Procedure regulates the requirement of speed as a independent fundamental principle of criminal procedure, and what the implications of this statutory conception are for the principle‘s existence. It can be summarised that the Code of Criminal Procedure does not regulate the requirement of speed as a independent fundamental principle, but rather as part of the the principle of ex officio proceedings, or at least in close connection with it. However, this conception is based on the theoretical interconnection of the principles mentioned and cannot be taken to imply that the principle of speed is not independent. At present, the formulation chosen in this way does not seem appropriate for several reasons and it would be more suitable to regulate the principle of speed in a separate provision of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The good news is that this is precisely how the new draft of the code currently conceives it, although even this draft is not ideal.
Nesezdané soužití v České republice
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Kotroušová Denisa
Published: April 2024

Cohabitation is a very common way of common living these days, including the Czech Republic. Almost half of the children born alive are born outside of marriage these days. The aim of this contribution is therefore to examine whether or not the Czech law reacts to this social reality and if and how it regulates the legal position and rights and duties of the cohabitants. The primary attention is being put on the Civil Code and its regulation. As the contribution unfolds, the Civil Code is aware of the existence of cohabitation and offers two terms to describe cohabitants – the close person, and the persons living in the same household. Is such regulation and rights and duties assigned to those subjects sufficient, though? Is the regulation limited only to the Civil Code, or can we find it elsewhere? These are just some of the questions posed in the contribution. Except for the examination of the Czech regulation of cohabitation, the current European trends are taken into consideration as well.
Postavení správce závodu
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Koutenský Otakar
Published: April 2024

The article deals with a general outline of the position of the warden of enterprise during the execution by sale of the enterprise. The article discusses in detail who and how the warden of enterprise can be appointed, as well as the rights and obligations of the warden of enterprise in the management of the enterprise, including the claims of the warden of enterprise for payment of remuneration and reimbursement of finished expenses.
Rule of law, democracy and human rights in the light of Advisory Opinion OC-28/21 of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Administration, Department of Public International Law, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin, Lis Edyta
Published: April 2024

One of the characteristics of the Latin American systemic landscape is the widespread presidentialism. The position of the executive is very strong, with certain law-making powers. Most constitutions of member states of OAS provide for a fixed term of presidential re-election but few of them provide for reelections without a defined limit. Each of these solutions has its own pros and cons. However, the indefinite presidential reelection raises considerable doubts. It may pose a threat to the proper functioning of the state, dismantling democratic oversight, undermine effective exercise of political rights, weaken the institutions and mechanism indispensable for protecting individuals and is contrary to the principle of representative democracy. Human rights, democracy, rule of law go hand in hand and lie at the heart of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law. This inextricable link was once again stressed by the IACHR in its advisory opinion on the indefinite presidential reelection in presidential systems in the context of the inter-American system of human rights. The opinion proves that the Court, through its jurisprudence, contributes to enhancement and promotion of the rule of law and the principle of democracy in Latin America.
Plnění splátkového kalendáře prostřednictvím smlouvy o důchodu
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Mifek Jan
Published: April 2024

The contribution discusses the fulfillment of the repayment schedule of the debtor in insolvency proceedings from funds obtained on the basis of a negotiated pension contract. The analysis is devoted to the institution of the pension contract, the fulfillment of the repayment schedule in insolvency proceedings with an emphasis on the provided pension contract, the dishonest intention of the debtor when negotiating such contracts and the person of the pension payer. The view of the jurisprudence of higher courts on individual aspects of such contracts is taken into account.
Náhrada újmy v pracovněprávních vztazích
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Papež Petr
Published: April 2024

Liability for damages is a special form of relationship where, on the basis of a violation of an already existing primary obligation, a secondary obligation – the obligation to compensate the damages – arises for the harming party. There is a considerable number of „types“ of liability for damages, many of which are primarily governed by the Civil Code, others are governed by special statutes. Compensation for damages in employment relations is regulated in a special legal regulation – Act No. 262/2006 Coll., Labor Code, as amended, which covers the legal regulation in question rather comprehensively and devotes its entire eleventh part to it. The legislation in question reflects the unequal status of the subjects of labor relations, especially the protection of the employee. The aim of this article is the compensation for damages in employment relations de lege lata, especially the liability of the employer for damages.
Riešeniu problému nedostatku farárov v platnom kánonickom práve správou farností in solidum
Authors:   Právnická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Pétiová Veronika
Published: April 2024

The Church is increasingly facing the problem of a shortage of priests, and there is the expectation that this problem will grow in the future. In some countries many parishes are already without a priest and this situation needs to be addressed. The current Code of Canon Law offers the possibility of parish administration in a so-called solidarity way. In this paper we would like to analyse the institute of parish administration in solidum, which is found only in the current Code of Canon Law, whereas the previous legislation did not recognise this institute. At the same time, we want to gain insight from the experience of some countries that use this model of parish pastoral care, in contrast to the Slovak dioceses, which only take an exceptional approach to it. It is anticipated that in a couple of decades, due to the need for a shortage of priests, there will be a growing need to address the staffing of parishes in this way as well.
Mediácia pri rozvode
Authors:   Paneurópska vysoká škola práva, Fakulta práva v Bratislave, Drobná Katarína
Published: April 2024

The aim of the paper is to point out the advantages of mediation and the possibilities of an agreement between spouses as well as a parental agreement, as a result of mediation, which reflects the needs, interests and possibilities of the participants transformed into mutual rights and obligations. Mediation proceedings can facilitate and, in particular, shorten the divorce process itself and pre-set decent conditions for the mutual relations of the participants after the divorce.
Význam zákona č. 350/2022 z.z. v postavení zamestnancov
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Janka Jesenského v Sládkovičove, Poláček Tureková Zlatica
Published: April 2024

The very meaning of Act No. 350/2022 Coll. lies not only in the fact that this act makes a major amendment to the Labor Code but mainly because this act also introduces new concepts such as paternity leave but also a change in the delivery of parcels, where the standard period of 18 days is reduced to 10 days. The employer may not set a collection period of less than ten days for the consignment. The Act also aligns Slovak legislation with Directive (EU) 2019/1158 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing Council Directive 2010/18/EU. From the point of view of the legal substance, this law will have significance for the application practice of employers and the very positions of employees. It is questionable how employers deal with a fixed-term employment relationship and the setting of a probationary period, or with the actual delivery, as well as with the father‘s status as an employee on paternity leave.
Koncepcia spravodlivej vojny v sociálno-právnej filozofii
Authors:   Katedra dejín práva Právnickej fakulty Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave, Prudovič Marek
Published: April 2024

This contribution is focused on a unique issue, which is the theory of just war, the gradual forming of which will be approached through an excursion of the opinions of four important theorists who historically shaped this theory. We also focused on questions that touch on the requirements for a morally justified war, considering the three-category structure of ius ad bellum, ius in bello and ius post bellum. As a result, we find out that just war might have several meanings throughout history, but the aim, to justify wars led by one’s state, remains the same. Moreover, the true importance of a just war lies rather in limitation of damages caused by war through some basic requirements on how to lead a war, than an actual justification of war itself.
Poistenie zodpovednosti za škodu pri vykonávaní práce v špecifických platformách
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Ridzoň Matúš
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the issue of liability insurance for damage that arose when performing work in specific platforms. The author offers an overwiev of the presented issue after taking into account the general principles of the phenomenon called the collaborative economy. However, he does not assess the collaborative economy as an isolated phenomenon, but analyzes it in relation to the polemics it creates in legal relations, with a special emphasis on the nature of the liability relationships that arise in connection with it. The correct assessment of the nature of liability relationships arising in connection with the performance of work in specific platforms has a fundamental impact on whether the resulting relationships will be assessed in accordance with the intentions of the Civil Code or the Labour Code, and also on which subjects will be responsible for the damage, to whom they will be responsible and to what extent responsible for the damage caused. The facts in question have a fundamental impact on which subjects are to be insured and for which damage. The paper results into the ideas linked to an inprovement of the legal regulation.
K nicotnosti rozhodnutí orgánu obchodní korporace ve vztahu k rejstříkovému řízení, se zaměřením na vady notářského zápisu
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Schwarzová Aneta
Published: April 2024

The contribution is focused on the issue of the nullity of the decision of the body of the business corporation in relation to the registry procedure. The author first defines the concept of nullity in general. It then focuses on the problematic aspects of the positive definition of nullity in relation to the decision of the body of a business corporation. Subsequently, it addresses the question of the assessment of the absolute invalidity and nullity of the decision of the body of the business corporation, from the point of view of the difference in the consequences that result from this assessment for the registration process.
Očkování z pohledu práva
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Wagner Filip
Published: April 2024

Vaccination is one of the basic ways to prevent infectious diseases and their related consequences. The basic purpose of vaccination is to induce an immune response of the organism as a reaction to the encounter with the relevant antigen and possibly other components of the vaccine. In addition to the individual protection of the individual who has undergone vaccination, from the point of view of protection against serious diseases transmitted from person to person, it is desirable to achieve collective protection, which can be achieved through a sufficiently high proportion of vaccinated and immunized individuals in the population. With regard to the necessity of ensuring the protection of public health, and therefore the prevention of the emergence and spread of serious and life-threatening infectious diseases, the entire process of vaccination is regulated by legal regulations, while vaccination against such diseases is regulated as mandatory. The basic legal regulation of vaccination, its types and method of implementation is contained in Act No. 258/2000 Coll., on the protection of public health.
Zmluvná povaha predzmluvnej zodpovednosti za spôsobenú škodu v českom práve?
Authors:   Katedra občianskeho a obchodného práva Právnickej fakulty Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave, Zoričáková Veronika
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the nature of pre-contractual liability in Czech civil law based on a recent decision of the Czech Supreme Court. The author considers whether pre-contractual liability should be governed by the rules of contractual or non-contractual liability and presents arguments in favour of the first as well as the second interpretative solution. In the end, the author tries to justify why the regime of contractual liability seems to be a more adequate consequence of the violation of pre-contractual obligations and defines the main consequences associated with the subordination of pre-contractual liability under § 2913 of the Civil Code.
The issue of legal regulation of administrative procedures on the example of foreign countries
Authors: Garifullin M. V.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the issue of legal regulation of administrative procedures on the example of foreign countries. The standards of the administrative procedure regarding the adoption of administrative decisions, i.e. decisions of public administration bodies, which concern the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities, are considered. The content and peculiarities of legal regulation of administrative procedures in foreign countries, the scope and subject of legal regulation through the prism of the legislation of foreign countries on administrative procedures are outlined. Various approaches to determining the scope, content and methods of its legal regulation are analyzed.

Attention is focused on the specifics of managerial activity, which must take effective measures in a timely manner in a wide variety of situations, forming the boundaries and restrictions necessary in the rule of law. The types of entities to which administrative procedures apply have been considered.

The rights and obligations of administrative bodies regarding the preparation and adoption of an administrative decision are defined. Features of appeals by individuals and legal entities, definition of sub-agency category of cases are outlined. The types of decisions made by the administrative body are classified. Emphasis is placed on informing persons whose interests may be affected by an administrative act.

The grounds for removing officials considered biased are outlined. The rights of citizens participating in the administrative procedure are considered separately.
Problems of selection of jurisdiction criteria in administrative proceedings
Authors: Hryshchuk A. B. , Prots I. M.
Published: April 2024

Based on the current legislation of Ukraine, the article examines the theoretical and practical problems of determining the criteria of jurisdiction in administrative proceedings. The relevance of the study determined by the fact that the dynamics of procedural legislation indicates the search for the most constructive option for regulating the institution of jurisdiction. The object of the study is the set of administrative procedural legal relations arising in relation to the competent court of first instance. The subject is the regularities of the emergence and development of administrative procedural legal relations regarding the jurisdiction of a legal case. The methodological basis made up of general scientific and private scientific research methods: functional, formal-legal, legal forecasting and others. It noted that jurisdiction must depend on the constituent parts of the claim, that is, on its elements. As a result, the criteria of jurisdiction can be the method of protecting the right and the object of the dispute, the basis of the claim and the parties to the dispute. The nature of disputed material legal relations affects the establishment of jurisdiction due to the legal basis of the claim. The elements of the claim and the type of proceedings are necessary and sufficient criteria for jurisdiction in administrative proceedings. It indicated that there is a need for a direct relationship between subject jurisdiction and the procedural form of case consideration. Different substantive jurisdiction of cases should imply a different order of consideration, since an error in determining jurisdiction actually leads to an error of the entire procedural form. Only such dependence can explain the necessity of subject jurisdiction. In administrative proceedings, it is necessary to distinguish the types of jurisdiction of the court of first instance: subject, subject, territorial. Subject jurisdiction involves determining the competent system of courts. Subject jurisdiction represents the differentiation of the powers of courts of the same system. Territorial jurisdiction as a species retains its content and division into subspecies. Further research should directed to the study of exclusive jurisdiction in administrative proceedings.