bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of failure in cancellous bone using extended finite element method
Authors: Salem Mohammad , Westover Lindsey , Adeeb Samer , Duke Kajsa
Published: July 2020

The objective of our study is to develop extended finite element method models of cancellous bone specimens that are capable of accurately predicting the onset and propagation of cracks under mechanical loading. In order to do so, previously published three-point bending test results of a single trabecula were replicated using two different extended finite element method approaches, namely, elastic-plastic-fracture and elastic-fracture that considered different configurations of the elasto-plastic properties of bone from which the best approach to fit the experimental data was identified. The behavior of a single trabecula was then used in 2D extended finite element method models to quantify the strength of the trabecular tissue of the forearm along three perpendicular anatomical axes. The results revealed that the elastic-plastic-fracture model better represented the experimental data in the model of a single trabecula. Considering the 2D trabecular specimens, the elastic fracture model predicted higher strength than the elastic-plastic-fracture model and there was no difference in stiffness between the two models. In general, the specimens exhibited higher failure strain and more ductile behavior in compression than in tension. In addition, strength and stiffness were found to be higher in tension than compression on average. It can be concluded that with proper parameters, extended finite element method is capable of simulating the ductile behavior of cancellous bone. The models are able to quantify the tensile strength of trabecular tissue in the various anatomical directions reporting an increased strength in the longitudinal direction of forearm cancellous bone tissue. Extended finite element method of cancellous bone proves to be a valuable tool to predict the mechanical characteristics of cancellous bones as a function of the microstructure.
Construction of benchmark retinal image database for diabetic retinopathy analysis
Authors: Kaur Jaskirat , Mittal Deepti
Published: July 2020

Diabetic retinopathy, a symptomless medical condition of diabetes, is one of the significant reasons of vision impairment all over the world. The prior detection and diagnosis can decrease the occurrence of acute vision loss and enhance efficiency of treatment. Fundus imaging, a non-invasive diagnostic technique, is the most frequently used mode for analyzing retinal abnormalities related to diabetic retinopathy. Computer-aided methods based on retinal fundus images support quick diagnosis, impart an additional perspective during decision-making, and behave as an efficient means to assess response of treatment on retinal abnormalities. However, in order to evaluate computer-aided systems, a benchmark database of clinical retinal fundus images is required. Therefore, a representative database comprising of 2942 clinical retinal fundus images is developed and presented in this work. This clinical database, having varying attributes such as position, dimensions, shapes, and color, is formed to evaluate the generalization capability of computer-aided systems for diabetic retinopathy diagnosis. A framework for the development of benchmark retinal fundus images database is also proposed. The developed database comprises of medical image annotations for each image from expert ophthalmologists corresponding to anatomical structures, retinal lesions and stage of diabetic retinopathy. In addition, the substantial performance comparison capability of the proposed database aids in analyzing candidature of different methods, and subsequently its usage in medical practice for real-time applications.
Granulomatous interstitial nephritis in the setting of disseminated Mycobacterium simiae: a rare presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Salas Natalie Mariam , Byrd Thomas F
Published: July 2020

Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae is a rare opportunistic infection reported most commonly in advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Treatment can be further complicated by the occurrence of severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We present the first case of disseminated multi-drug-resistant M. simiae in the setting of advanced HIV, complicated by IRIS in the form of granulomatous interstitial nephritis causing acute renal failure. This case highlights the importance of recognizing rare complications of IRIS, as delays in therapy can be life threatening.
The Southern California Lupus Registry: I. Baseline characteristics of lupus patients in uncharted territory
Authors: Sandhu Vaneet K , Teh Phildrich , Zakhary Bishoy , Liu Joshua
Published: July 2020

Objective

This study aimed to determine the baseline characteristics of a multi-ethnic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort in Southern California established with the intent of addressing regional health inequity.

Methods

Patients ≥18 years of age with SLE per the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria were recruited into the Southern California Lupus Registry (SCOLR) if they resided in San Bernardino and Riverside counties in California. Individuals were categorized according to their stated ethnicity as non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, Black, or Asian. Descriptive statistics were utilized for analysis. Predictors of renal disease were assessed by binomial regression.

Results

The SCOLR cohort comprised 162 patients: 57 non-Hispanic White, 58 Hispanic, 17 Asian, and 30 Black. A difference in the rate of renal involvement and SLE duration was found among the four ethnic groups. Renal involvement was significantly higher in Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic Whites.

Conclusion

In line with other cohorts, this study shows greater renal involvement in Hispanics than non-Hispanic Whites, demonstrating a need for more aggressive screening and early intervention to improve long-term outcomes. As a multi-ethnic SLE cohort, the SCOLR serves as a foundation for longitudinal studies addressing health inequity in this region.
What drives science media use? Predictors of media use for information about science and research in digital information environments
Authors: Metag Julia
Published: July 2020

This study analyzes the predictors of media use for information about science and research by drawing on the theory of planned behavior and audience orientations. It uses data from a representative survey in Switzerland. We find that both audience orientations and motivations explained the use of media to access science information. People with positive attitudes toward science were more likely to use all kinds of media to access information about science. Positive evaluations of mass media coverage predicted print media and website, television and radio use positively but social media use negatively. Thus, social media could be a way to reach people who do not appreciate the coverage of the traditional mass media as much as others but who are still positive toward science. However, people who use social media may possess lesser knowledge to assess to what extent such science information is trustworthy and correct.
Practice, clinician, and patient factors associated with the adoption of lung cancer screening
Authors: Hochheimer Camille J , Sabo Roy T , Tong Sebastian T , Westfall Matthew , Wolver Susan E , Carney Stacie , Day Teresa , Krist Alex H
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In 2013, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography in adults meeting certain criteria. This study seeks to assess lung cancer screening uptake in three health systems.

Setting

This study was part of a randomized controlled trial to engage underserved populations in preventive care and includes 45 primary care practices in eight states.

Methods

Practice and clinician characteristics were manually collected. Lung cancer was measured from electronic health record data. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess characteristics associated with screening.

Results

Patient records between 2012 and 2016 were examined. Lung cancer screening uptake overall increased only slightly after the guideline change (2.8–5.6%, p < 0.01). One health system did not show an increase in uptake (0.2–0.1%, p = 0.32), another had a clinically insignificant increase (1.5–2.9%, p < 0.01), and the third nearly doubled its higher baseline screening rate (10.4–19.1%, p < 0.01). Within the third health system, patients more likely to be screened were older, male, had more comorbid conditions, visited the office more frequently, were seen in practices closer to the screening clinic, or were uninsured or covered by Medicare or Medicaid.

Conclusions

Certain patients appeared more likely to be screened. The only health system with increased lung cancer screening explicitly promoted screening rather than relying on clinicians to implement the new guideline. Systems approaches may help increase the low uptake of lung cancer screening.
Newly graduated nurses’ experiences of horizontal violence
Authors: Rosi Ivana Maria , Contiguglia Adriana , Millama Kim Randall , Rancati Stefania
Published: July 2020

Background:

Horizontal violence, defined in the literature as ‘interpersonal conflict between two nurses at the same hierarchical levels in organizations’, often associated with bullying, affects the well-being of nurses, care recipients and the professional image of nursing and the organization due to increased turnover. One in every three newly graduated nurses is a victim of horizontal violence, although they do not always know how to define it.

Aim:

To investigate the direct and indirect experiences of horizontal violence in newly graduated nurses as well as to shed light on the phenomenon, on its awareness and recognition.

Methods:

A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted between September and October 2018 with newly graduated nurses, with a work experience ranging between 6 months and 3 years. The interviews were conducted face-to-face, consisting of a first open general question, followed by semi-structured questions.

Ethical considerations:

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institution Review Board.

Results:

From the analysis of the interviews of the 21 participants, four main themes were identified: the ‘enemies’, that is those who exercised violence, the ‘weapons’ used by them to exercise violence, the ‘effects’ and the types of ‘armor’ identified to protect themselves.

Discussion:

Horizontal violence is rarely recognized by newly graduated nurses, even though our sample had directly or indirectly experienced horizontal violence. Tackling the phenomenon starting from the undergraduate degree courses, focusing on effective support and more protection by the organization leaders were the silent requests that emerged from this study.

Conclusion:

Preventing horizontal violence is important for nurses’ professional and private well-being, for professional conduct and for the quality of care provided to patients.
A National Survey of Hearing Loss in the Philippines
Authors: Newall John P. , Martinez Norberto , Swanepoel De Wet , McMahon Catherine M.
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss in the Philippines using a nationally representative sample. A cross-sectional national survey was undertaken utilizing a 3-stage stratified cluster design. Participants in the present study comprised 2275 adults and children with pure tone hearing assessment results. Prevalence of moderate or worse hearing loss, defined as 4FA ≥41 dBHL, was 7.5% in children <18 years, 14.7% in adults between 18 and 65 years, and 49.1% in adults >65 years. Factors associated with greater risk of moderate hearing loss in the better ear were presence of a middle ear condition (adjusted odds ratio = 2.39, 95% confidence interval = 1.49-3.85) and socioeconomic status (household income; adjusted odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.23-2.19). Age was also associated with increased risk, with adjusted odds ratios varying with age category. Prevalence of wax occlusion and outer and middle ear disease was 12.2% and 14.2%, respectively. Prevalence of hearing loss, outer, and middle ear disease appear comparatively high in the Philippines when compared with rates reported in high-income countries. Higher proportions of severe to profound hearing loss were also identified, indicating that there is both an increased prevalence and severity of hearing loss in this population.
Drug policy’s past, present and future: Where should Australia head now?
Authors: Seear Kate
Published: July 2020

In recent years there have been significant changes in global drug policy. This article considers these developments. I provide a brief introduction to the history of global drug policy, followed by an overview of the current state of play, both in Australia and abroad. Inspired by a recent injunction by New South Wales Deputy Coroner Harriet Grahame to think differently about drug problems, I then consider whether we are asking the right questions in current debates about the future direction of drug policy, and whether our policy priorities need to change.
I Am What I Pledge: The Importance of Value Alignment for Mobilizing Backers in Reward-Based Crowdfunding
Authors: Nielsen Kristian Roed , Binder Julia Katharina
Published: July 2020

Crowdfunding has emerged as an important alternative financing tool for entrepreneurs. Extant research on the antecedents of crowdfunding success have produced divergent results. By applying the cross-disciplinary lens of strategic linguistic framing, that is, framing campaign messages in a way that is salient and that resonates with the values of the audience, we experimentally examine the role of value framing for a successful campaign outcome. Our results indicate that altruistically framed campaigns have a higher chance for funding compared to campaigns that emphasize egoistic or environmental motives, but even more importantly, that message framing needs to be aligned with the personal values of the backers. As such, our study highlights important similarities between resource mobilization in social movements and in crowdfunding.
Do Koreans like being nudged? Survey evidence for the contextuality of behavioral public policy
Authors: Kasdan David Oliver
Published: July 2020

This study explores the nuances of South Koreans’ approval for nudge policies by replicating a survey conducted in global nudge research, and then extending the analysis and discussion with greater detail about the context. The traditions, culture, and development of Korea have contributed to a distinct behavioral bias profile that must be integrated into approaches for nudge policy design and implementation. This article proposes the qualities of such a profile from the survey results, as well as the prospect that Koreans are more receptive to information nudges that engage analytic reflection. The findings show significantly lower nudge policy approval rates for Koreans in contrast to Americans and other Western countries. This serves to support previous calls for further research about the generalizability of nudge approaches by contributing evidence to the importance of context for identifying and leveraging behavioral biases in the application of policy. The research offers insights into the Korean context that may be used for nudge policies in Korea and other Eastern contexts.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Practice: An Exploration of Experiential Knowledge in the Multidisciplinary Team
Authors: Sanders Phoebe , Wadey Ross , Day Melissa , Winter Stacy
Published: July 2020

The aim of this research was to explore the experiential knowledge of patient-facing staff working in a prosthetic rehabilitation center in the United Kingdom. Eleven members of staff with varied roles and levels of experience took part in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: (a) defining successful rehabilitation, (b) the complex reality of patient-centered care, (c) organizational and interpersonal challenges, (d) who provides psychological support? (e) prosthetic as a panacea, and (f) crash landing. These findings highlight the impact of rotational roles in an environment reliant on experiential knowledge, the challenge of applying patient-centered care models, and the negative effect of unrealistic beliefs about prosthetics on patients and staff. This study contributes to a limited pool of literature articulating the experiential knowledge of staff in the context of rehabilitation after major lower limb loss, facilitating the translation of practice-based evidence into evidence-based practice.
An Electronic Questionnaire to Survey Colorectal Cancer Screening Status and Identify High-Risk Cohorts in Large Health Care Organizations
Authors: Soriano Christopher T. , McGarrity Thomas J. , Zhu Junjia , Loloi Justin , Peiffer Laurie P. , Cooper Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Though improved screening practices have reduced the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC), screening rates continue to be suboptimal. This is especially true of high-risk individuals, who are difficult for clinicians to identify during a typical health care encounter. The authors developed an electronic patient questionnaire that determined an individual’s CRC screening status and identified high-risk individuals. The questionnaire was administered to employees through the Department of Human Resources. The response rate was 44.7%; 81.2% of respondents aged ≥50 years were up-to-date on CRC screening; 878 high-risk individuals were identified, 77.7% of whom were up-to-date on CRC screening. However, among high-risk individuals aged 40 to 49 years, only 45.8% reported up-to-date CRC screening. The questionnaire was effective in measuring CRC screening rates and identifying high-risk individuals. Dissemination by the Department of Human Resources was novel, effective, and was not dependent on a health care encounter to assess screening or high-risk status.
E-Cadherin Expression in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasms: An Unrecognized Finding and Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Shenjere Patrick , Chasty Richard , Chaturvedi Anshuman , Dennis Michael W. , Ong Angelia , Wiseman Daniel H. , Menasce Lia P.
Published: July 2020

E-cadherin is expressed in hematopoietic erythroid precursors, but to our knowledge, its expression in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) has not been described. We report a case of BPDCN showing strong expression of E-cadherin, arising in a patient with history of primary myelofibrosis. Four more cases of BPDCN tested all showed strong expression of E-cadherin. Lack of awareness of this pattern of expression may lead to erroneous diagnosis of acute erythroid leukemia. It is increasingly becoming important to correctly identify this group of neoplasms, as approved new anti-CD123–targeted therapies are becoming available.
Superficial CD34-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor
Authors: Foot Oliver , Hallin Magnus , Bagué Silvia , Jones Robin L. , Thway Khin
Published: July 2020

Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently described entity that, despite significant pleomorphism, carries a good prognosis. We briefly describe this tumor and its principal differential diagnoses. Recognition of SCPFTs, including the clinical context in which they arise, is important to avoid confusion with other pleomorphic soft tissue tumors, particularly neoplasms in the group of pleomorphic sarcomas, which are typically aggressive tumors that could lead to unnecessary overtreatment.
Chinese Version of the Nine Item ARFID Screen: Psychometric Properties and Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance
Authors: He Jinbo , Zickgraf Hana F. , Ellis Jordan M. , Lin Zhicheng , Fan Xitao
Published: July 2020

Objective: The current study aimed to provide initial psychometric evidence for a Chinese version of the Nine-Item ARFID Screen (C-NIAS), which measures the symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), including picky eating, poor appetite/limited interest in eating, and fear of aversive consequences from eating. Method: The NIAS was translated into Chinese according to standard procedures. A total of 1,069 college students from mainland China responded to the C-NIAS. The factor structure was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed using regression analyses. Finally, measurement invariance was tested, and latent mean differences were compared, between Chinese and American college samples. Results: The measure’s original three-factor structure was confirmed. Strong measurement invariance between college samples of the United States and China was supported, and Chinese students had significantly higher latent mean scores on all three factors. The subscales showed the expected patterns of correlations with other validity constructs. Conclusions: The C-NIAS shows good psychometric characteristics and holds promise to facilitate much-needed research on subclinical symptoms of this understudied eating disorder in Chinese-speaking adult populations. Moreover, Chinese college students demonstrate greater potential ARFID symptomatology than American counterparts. More attention to ARFID should be called for in China.
Reading and Responding to Poetry: To Know, to Experience
Authors: Bullock Owen , McKnight Lucinda , Todd Ruby
Published: July 2020

Three poet-researchers conduct three different readings of Tishani Doshi’s poem A Fable for the 21st Century. We ask how as creative practitioners and critics we can negotiate the desire for mastery of a text, and the dangers a semiotic reading presents, allowing for difference, indecision, and complexity. We present our initial readings of the poem and summarize our discussions of them grounded in the transactional reading theory of Louise Rosenblatt and nuanced by assemblage theory. A final section includes three original poems written in response to Doshi, together with a brief discussion of them, and forms part of our conclusion.
Characterization of relapse patterns in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with blinatumomab
Authors: Lau Kimberly M , Saunders Ila M , Goodman Aaron M
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Blinatumomab is a CD19/CD3 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody that simultaneously binds CD19 on the surface of B-cells and CD3 on the surface of T-cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. It is approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and in patients with minimal residual disease after intensive induction chemotherapy. Relapse patterns after treatment with blinatumomab have not been well characterized.

Methods

We reviewed patients treated with blinatumomab with relapsed, refractory or minimal residual disease-positive B-ALL from 1 December 2014 to 31 December 2018 at a single academic medical center. Patient demographics, blast percentage prior to blinatumomab initiation, prior lines of therapy, blinatumomab treatment duration, sites of relapse, progression free survival, and overall survival were collected.

Results

A total of 20 patients were identified. Four (20%) patients developed extramedullary relapse following blinatumomab. The median time from treatment initiation to extramedullary relapse was 179 days (range 47–241). Sites of extramedullary relapse included the pancreas, adrenal gland, kidneys, liver, parotid gland, and brain.

Conclusion

Extramedullary relapse occurs frequently following treatment of B-ALL with blinatumomab. Further studies aimed at preventing extramedullary relapse following blinatumomab treatment are warranted.
Role of caplacizumab in the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Reid Justin H , Durant Karin M , Chen Sheh-Li , Perissinotti Anthony J , King Richard , Khoriaty Rami , Marini Bernard L
Published: July 2020

Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare blood disorder with a high early mortality rate, if untreated. Standard of care plasma exchange and glucocorticoids have dramatically improved survival. However, additional advancements are necessary to further decrease mortality. Caplacizumab-yhdp (Cablivi®) is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment indicated for adult patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, in combination with plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy. However, there are considerable risks associated with the use of caplacizumab and they must be weighed against the benefits of the medication.
Physical and chemical stability of cytarabine in polypropylene syringes
Authors: Ayed Wiem Ben , Drira Chema , Soussi Mohamed Ali , Ouesleti Hanen , Hamdene Besma , Khrouf Myriam , Safta Fathi , Fradi Ines
Published: July 2020

Background

Cytarabine is widely used to treat leukemia and lymphoma. Currently, Cyrabol®, powder for injection, is one of the specialties marketed in Tunisia. However, no stability data when diluted with 0.9% NaCl are available. The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of cytarabine (Cyrabol®) solution after dilution in 0.9% NaCl (1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL) in polypropylene syringes under different storage conditions.

Methods

Cytarabine solutions (1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL) in 0.9% NaCl were prepared in polypropylene syringes and stored for 28 days under different conditions. Cytarabine preparations in glass containers were prepared as a control to detect any adsorption. Chemical stability was assessed by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. The stability-indicating capacity of the method was proved by forced degradation tests. Linearity, precision and limit of detection and quantification were performed according to the International Conference on Harmonisation recommendations. Physical stability was checked by visual inspection.

Results

The method was proven to be a validated stability-indicating assay. At 2–8°C, all tested solutions were chemically stable for 28 days. However, at 25°C, the main degradation product gradually increased during the study and the chemical stability of 1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL solutions was 14 days, 8 days and 5 days, respectively. Similar results were observed in the glass containers.

Conclusion

The highest physical and chemical stability of cytarabine diluted in 0.9% NaCl in polypropylene syringes was observed at 2–8°C. At 25°C, better stability was found in the 1 mg/mL solution compared with those at higher concentrations (5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL).
Relapsing peritonitis and taurolidine peritoneal catheter lock: One center experience
Authors: Sosa Barrios R Haridian , Álvarez Nadal Marta , Burguera Vion Víctor , Campillo Trapero Cristina , López Melero Eva , Fernández Lucas Milagros , Rivera Gorrín Maite E
Published: July 2020

Background:

Relapsing peritonitis due to the development of a biofilm in the catheter’s lumen remains an important complication of peritoneal dialysis therapy that endangers technique continuity. Taurolidine catheter lock has proven efficient reducing infection rates in permanent hemodialysis catheters based on its biocidal activity and biofilm detachment effect. Efficacy evidence on its use in peritoneal dialysis catheters is lacking.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed all relapsing peritonitis episodes from June 2018 until October 2019 in our center. Patients were identified and data were collected from our electronic renal registry and patient’s records.

Results:

Six patients were identified during the study period. Most patients (66.6%) were on automated peritoneal dialysis and the median duration of peritoneal dialysis before the episode of taurolidine was started was 43.66 ± 29.64 months. Mean taurolidine doses were 10 (range: 9–11) and 83.3% (five patients, with peritonitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium propinquum) had a favorable response and microbial eradication without relapses after taurolidine treatment. Only one patient relapsed by the same organism ( Corynebacterium amycolatum) due to non-adherence to the antibiotic treatment prescribed. None of the patients experienced any relevant adverse events, with only two out of six presenting mild transient abdominal discomfort.

Conclusion:

We believe that peritoneal catheter taurolidine lock could be considered in cases of relapsing or refractory peritonitis, as it could prevent catheter removal and permanent switch to hemodialysis in selected cases, although literature is scarce and further studies are needed.
Ultrasound-guided double central venous access for azygos vein via the ninth and tenth intercostal veins
Authors: Yoshimaru Koichiro , Matsuura Toshiharu , Uchida Yasuyuki , Kajihara Keisuke , Toriigahara Yukihiro , Kawano Yuki , Kondo Takuya , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Matsuoka Wakato , Kaku Noriyuki , Maki Jun , Taguchi Tomoaki
Published: July 2020

Some patients with intestinal failure, who are dependent on total parenteral nutrition for long periods, suffer from a lack of suitable conventional venous access points, including axillary, external jugular, internal jugular, subclavian, saphenous, and the brachio-cephalic and femoral veins, due to their occlusion. Furthermore, extensive central venous stenosis and/or thrombosis of the superior and inferior vena cava may preclude further catheterization, so uncommon routes must be used, which can be challenging. In such patients, the azygos vein via the intercostal vein is a viable candidate. Thoracotomy-assisted, thoracoscopy-assisted, and cut-down procedures are currently suggested such access. We found that ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture method was a safe and minimally invasive approach and successfully placed two central venous lines in preparation for small bowel transplantation via two different intercostal veins (ninth and tenth). Although the lung was actually located just below the target veins, an ultrasound provided augmented and clear vision, which contributed to the safe performance of the procedure without the need for invasive surgical intervention, such as thoracotomy, thoracoscopy, or rib resection using the cut-down technique. Furthermore, constant positive-pressure ventilation during vein puncture under general anesthesia also helps avoid venous collapse. Despite carrying a slight risk of light injury to the lung, artery, and nerve along with the vein compared to other procedures, we believe that ultrasound-guided puncture under general anesthesia is feasible as a minimally invasive method.
Preprocedural ultrasound vascular assessment is essential to decision-making
Authors: Brescia Fabrizio , Fabiani Fabio , Borsatti Eugenio , Parisella Laura , Roveredo Laura , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: July 2020

Reliable venous access should be part of the clinical-therapeutic path of all cancer patients. A correct preliminary ultrasound evaluation of the patient’s veins and the choice of the suitable vein are the fundamental requirements to guarantee a stable and long-lasting venous access.
Total Functional Score of Enhancer Elements Identifies Lineage-Specific Enhancers That Drive Differentiation of Pancreatic Cells
Authors: Malladi Venkat S. , Nagari Anusha , Franco Hector L , Kraus W Lee
Published: July 2020

The differentiation of embryonic stem cells into various lineages is highly dependent on the chromatin state of the genome and patterns of gene expression. To identify lineage-specific enhancers driving the differentiation of progenitors into pancreatic cells, we used a previously described computational framework called Total Functional Score of Enhancer Elements (TFSEE), which integrates multiple genomic assays that probe both transcriptional and epigenomic states. First, we evaluated and compared TFSEE as an enhancer-calling algorithm with enhancers called using GRO-seq-defined enhancer transcripts (method 1) versus enhancers called using histone modification ChIP-seq data (method 2). Second, we used TFSEE to define the enhancer landscape and identify transcription factors (TFs) that maintain the multipotency of a subpopulation of endodermal stem cells during differentiation into pancreatic lineages. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TFSEE is a robust enhancer-calling algorithm that can be used to perform multilayer genomic data integration to uncover cell type-specific TFs that control lineage-specific enhancers.
Cytotoxic Activity of the Mesoionic Compound MIH 2.4Bl in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Amaral de Mascena Costa Luciana , Harmon Ashlyn C , Aguiar Coelho Teixeira Alvaro , Cássio Silva de Lima Filipe , de Sousa Araújo Silvany , Del Piero Fabio , Diógenes da Silva Souza Helivaldo , Filgueiras de Athayde Filho Petrônio , Alves Junior Severino , de Mascena Diniz Maia Maria , Wischral Aurea , Adrião Gomes Filho Manoel , Mathis J Michael
Published: July 2020

In this work, we report the synthesis of a new 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolate derivative of a mesoionic compound (MIH 2.4Bl) and the characterization of its selective cytotoxicity on a panel of breast cancer cells lines. The cytotoxic effect of MIH 2.4Bl on breast cancer cell lines was determined by XTT and crystal violet assays, flow cytometry analysis, electron microscopy characterization, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assays. As determined using XTT cell growth and survival assays, MIH 2.4Bl exhibited growth inhibition activity on most breast cancer cell lines tested, compared with normal human mammary epithelial cells. Three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T-47D, and ZR-75-1) showed a more potent sensitivity index to growth inhibition by MIH 2.4Bl than the other breast cancer cell lines. Interestingly, these 3 cell lines were derived from tumors of Luminal A origin and have ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive expression. Additional analysis of cytotoxicity mediated by MIH 2.4Bl was performed using the MCF-7 cell line. MCF-7 cells displayed both time- and dose-dependent decreases in cell growth and survival, with a maximum cytotoxic effect observed at 72 and 96 hours. The MCF-7 cells were also characterized for cell cycle changes upon treatment with MIH 2.4Bl. Using flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle distribution, a treatment-dependent effect was observed; treatment of cells with MIH 2.4Bl increased the G2/M population to 34.2% compared with 0.1% in untreated (control) cells. Ultrastructural analysis of MFC-7 cells treated with MIH 2.4Bl at 2 different concentrations (37.5 and 75 μM) was performed by transmission electron microscopy. Cells treated with 37.5 μM MIH 2.4Bl showed morphologic changes beginning at 6 hours after treatment, while cells treated with 75 μM showed changes beginning at 3 hours after treatment. These changes were characterized by an alteration of nuclear morphology and mitochondrial degeneration consistent with apoptotic cell death. Results of a TUNEL assay performed on cells treated for 96 hours with MIH 2.4Bl supported the observation of apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that MIH 2.4Bl is a promising candidate for treating breast cancer and support further in vitro and in vivo investigation.
Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation in a 10-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Chu Eric Chun Pu , Chakkaravarthy Divya Midhun , Lo Fa Sain , Bhaumik Amiya
Published: July 2020

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is the loss of normal alignment and stability of the first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae with respect to each other. We describe the clinical challenges of managing a 10-year-old boy who presented with repetitive episodes of torticollis. Open-mouth odontoid radiograph and computed tomographic (CT) scan gave a diagnosis in ARRS, based on its characteristic imaging findings. The child was admitted multiple times for continuous halter traction in the first 6 months after symptom onset. He also experienced a temporary complication from an overcorrection with correcting neck bracing. Seven months after symptom onset, this case was discussed by a multidisciplinary spine team and referred to chiropractic clinic. Despite persistent radiographic evidence of atlantoaxial instability, after 5 months of chiropractic treatment, the child was asymptomatic with nearly full range of neck movement. He also weaned off acetaminophen he had been taking over the past year. Incidentally, bilateral gynecomastia was discovered at the surveillance after treatment. The incidental finding of innocent gynecomastia, even if common in preteen boys, brings up the topic of acetaminophen’s effects on the regulation of sex hormones that was previously overlooked.
Vertebral Artery Dissection Related to Amphetamine Abuse – A Case Report
Authors: Winsløw Frederik , Hansen Nadja Skadkær , Jensen Michael Broksgaard
Published: July 2020

We report the case of a 37-year-old male patient with chronic amphetamine abuse who presented with vertebral artery dissection. Prior to presentation, he had increased the consumption of amphetamine from 5 times a year to once every week and had used amphetamine on the day of presentation. He attended with neck pain, vertigo and coordinating difficulties of his left arm. Computed tomography angiogram of the neck vessels showed a left vertebral stenosis and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed a left vertebral pseudolumen and a medullary stroke. Cervical artery dissection is a major cause of stroke in the young. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the second reported case of vertebral artery dissection in a patient with amphetamine abuse. Amphetamine might contribute to an increased risk of vertebral artery dissection through its vasculopathic properties although more data are needed to establish a causal relationship.
Dynamic stability of micropolar lubricated hydrodynamic offset-halves journal bearings
Authors: Sharma Sanyam , Krishna Chimata M
Published: July 2020

The plain circular journal bearings are not found to be stable by researchers when used in high speed rotating machineries. Hence, extensive research in the study of stability characteristics of non-circular bearings or lobed bearings assumed importance, of late. Present article deals with the stability analysis of non-circular offset bearing by taking selected set of input and output parameters. Modified Reynolds equation for micropolar lubricated rigid journal bearing system is solved using finite element method. Two kinds of input parameters namely, offset factors (0.2, 0.4) and aspect ratios (1.6, 2.0) have been selected for the study. The important output characteristics such as load, critical mass, whirl frequency ratio, and threshold speed are computed and plotted for various set of values of input parameters. The results obtained indicate that micropolar lubricated circular offset bearing is highly stable for higher offset factor and higher aspect ratio.
The national accounting paradox: how statistical norms corrode international economic data
Authors: Mügge Daniel , Linsi Lukas
Published: July 2020

The transnationalization and digitization of economic activity has undermined the quality of official economic statistics, which still center on national territories and material production. Why do we not witness more vigorous efforts to bring statistical standards in line with present-day economic realities, or admissions that precision in economic data has become increasingly illusive? The paradoxical answer, we argue, lies in the norms underpinning global statistical practice. Users expect statistics to draw on unambiguous sources, to allow for comparison over time and across countries, and they prize coherence—both internally and with holistic macroeconomic models. Yet as we show, the ambition of the transnational statistical community to meet these norms has in fact undermined the ability of economic data to represent economic life more faithfully. We base our findings on interviews with two dozen leading statisticians at international economic organizations, archival research at the International Monetary Fund and a thorough review of debates among statistical experts.
The development of analytical psychology in Chinese mainland: A Chinese perspective
Authors: Wang Baowei , Xu Mingjian , Pi Luyang
Published: July 2020

To give a comprehensive account of the development of analytical psychology in the Chinese mainland, this article reviews the developmental history, analyses the status quo and features and identifies some contemporary problems. Analytical psychology undergone three periods in China: Exploration (from 1961 to 1993), Development (from 1994 to 2019), and New Era (from 2019 till now). Currently, there are two journals about analytical psychology in China, Analytical Psychology and Sandplay Therapy. However, there are also several problems, including mutual problems all over the world and unique problems in China. There is still a long way to go. Heyong Shen and his team lead the development of analytical psychology in China. The team combines Jungian psychology and Freudian psychoanalysis with Chinese culture and proposed the concept ‘psychology of the Heart’, which emphasizes the fundamental role of the Heart.
In dialogue with nature: The centrifugal and centripetal voices of historic trees
Authors: Mazur Lucas B
Published: July 2020

Dialogism posits that at the core of life lies honest, open, mutual relationships between otherwise independent beings. This position differs from the psychologism that lies at the core of many dialectical philosophies in psychology. The current article examines the two core elements of such dialogue—that which pulls us apart and recognizes the uniqueness of the individual (the intrinsic, centrifugal voice), and that which expands us beyond ourselves and that builds bridges across our divisions (the extrinsic, centripetal voice). The text explores these two elements within the framework of communion with historically significant elements of nature. More specifically, it examines how two particular trees—one in Warsaw, Poland and one in Basking Ridge, New Jersey—inspire deep I-Thou dialogue (in the language of Martin Buber) in ways that differently highlight the importance of the centripetal and centrifugal elements of genuine dialogue. The text explores how we can meaningfully engage with individual non-human voices from nature. It also highlights the importance of materiality within dialogism, and it shows how historically important objects can speak to history in ways that show variation in degrees of intrinsic and extrinsic focus.
Understanding health and care expenditure by setting – who matters to whom?
Authors: Shand Jenny , Morris Stephen , Gomes Manuel
Published: July 2020

Objective

To assess service use and associated expenditure across a range of care settings in one local authority in London, United Kingdom.

Methods

An analysis of linked electronic health and council records of adults living in the borough of Barking and Dagenham, east London, for the financial year 2016/17. Unit costs were applied to individual service use to provide expenditure at an individual and population level for five settings of care. Population and expenditure volumes were compared for 32 possible combinations of service use.

Results

The total expenditure for the cohort (114,393 residents) for 2016/17 was £180.1 million. Almost half (47%) of total expenditure was incurred by community care, social care and mental health services, with hospital care and primary care incurring, respectively, 35% (£63.3 m) and 18% (£32.6 m). The two most common combinations in terms of total population volume and expenditure were primary and hospital care, and primary, hospital and community care. Primary care was present in all combinations. Mental health service use accounted for just over a tenth of all expenditure in the borough, but using mental health services substantially increased mean expenditure per patient.

Conclusions

A whole system perspective across all settings of care improves understanding of service user patterns. Setting-level analysis remains important, particularly for mental health users.
Use of mobile health technologies for postoperative care in paediatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Nguyen Nam , Leveille Etienne , Guadagno Elena , Kalisya Luc Malemo , Poenaru Dan
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Mobile health (mHealth) is the use of mobile communication devices such as smartphones, wireless patient monitoring devices and tablet computers to deliver health services. Paediatric surgery patient care could potentially benefit from these technologies. This systematic review summarises the current literature on the use of mHealth for postoperative care after children’s surgery.

Methods

Seven databases were searched by a senior medical librarian. Studies were included if they reported the use of mHealth systems for postoperative care for children  <18 years old. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate.

Results

A total of 18 studies were included after screening. mHealth use was varied and included appointment or medication reminders, postoperative monitoring and postoperative instruction delivery. mHealth systems included texting systems and mobile applications, and were implemented for a wide range of surgical conditions and countries.

Discussion

Studies showed that mHealth systems can increase the postoperative follow-up appointment attendance rate ( p < 0.001), decrease the rate of postoperative complications and returns to the emergency department and reliably monitor postoperative pain. mHealth systems were generally appreciated by patients. Most non-randomised and randomised studies had many methodological problems, including lack of appropriate control groups, lack of blinding and a tendency to devote more time to the care of the intervention group. mHealth systems have the potential to improve postoperative care, but the lack of high-quality research evaluating their impact calls for further studies exploring evidence-based mHealth implementation.
Claiming ‘anti-white racism’ in Australia: Victimhood, identity, and privilege
Authors: Sharples Rachel , Blair Kathleen
Published: July 2020

This article explores the attitudes and beliefs of 38 people who made claims of anti-white racism in a national survey that measured the extent and variation of racism in Australia. Quantitative analysis of survey data reveals that those who make claims of anti-white racism are nearly twice as likely as the rest of population to hold negative views about cultural diversity and immigration, to identify ‘out-groups’, and to self-identify as racist. They are also much less likely to recognise the existence of white privilege in Australia. Discourse analysis of these participants’ open-ended survey responses reveals their attitudes stem from a belief that their white national identity, and the privilege and ownership that accompanies this, is under threat. They view this ‘threat’ as a form of racism they are victims of. These discourses of anti-white racism reflect key mechanisms of institutional racism, in particular white privilege.