bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLEC-2 activates Syk through dimerization
Authors: Hughes Craig E. , Pollitt Alice Y. , Mori Jun , Eble Johannes A. , Tomlinson Michael G. , Hartwig John H. , O'Callaghan Christopher A. , Fütterer Klaus , Watson Steve P.
Published: February 2010

The C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2 activates platelets through Src and Syk tyrosine kinases, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of downstream adapter proteins and effector enzymes, including phospholipase-C γ2. Signaling is initiated through phosphorylation of a single conserved tyrosine located in a YxxL sequence in the CLEC-2 cytosolic tail. The signaling pathway used by CLEC-2 shares many similarities with that used by receptors that have 1 or more copies of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif, defined by the sequence Yxx(L/I)x6-12Yxx(L/I), in their cytosolic tails or associated receptor chains. Phosphorylation of the conserved immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif tyrosines promotes Syk binding and activation through binding of the Syk tandem SH2 domains. In this report, we present evidence using peptide pull-down studies, surface plasmon resonance, quantitative Western blotting, tryptophan fluorescence measurements, and competition experiments that Syk activation by CLEC-2 is mediated by the cross-linking through the tandem SH2 domains with a stoichiometry of 2:1. In support of this model, cross-linking and electron microscopy demonstrate that CLEC-2 is present as a dimer in resting platelets and converted to larger complexes on activation. This is a unique mode of activation of Syk by a single YxxL-containing receptor.
Impact of interactions of cellular components of the bone marrow microenvironment on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function
Authors: Chitteti Brahmananda R. , Cheng Ying-Hua , Poteat Bradley , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Sonia , Goebel W. Scott , Carlesso Nadia , Kacena Melissa A. , Srour Edward F.
Published: February 2010

Hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cell fate is governed by intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. We examined the impact of hematopoietic niche elements on HSC and HPC function by analyzing the combined effect of osteoblasts (OBs) and stromal cells (SCs) on Lineage−Sca-1+CD117+ (LSK) cells. CFU expansion and marrow repopulating potential of cultured Lineage−Sca-1+CD117+ cells were significantly higher in OB compared with SC cultures, thus corroborating the importance of OBs in the competence of the hematopoietic niche. OB-mediated enhancement of HSC and HPC function was reduced in cocultures of OBs and SCs, suggesting that SCs suppressed the OB-mediated hematopoiesis-enhancing activity. Although the suppressive effect of SC was mediated by adipocytes, probably through up-regulation of neuropilin-1, the OB-mediated enhanced hematopoiesis function was elaborated through Notch signaling. Expression of Notch 2, Jagged 1 and 2, Delta 1 and 4, Hes 1 and 5, and Deltex was increased in OB cultures and suppressed in SC and OB/SC cultures. Phenotypic fractionation of OBs did not segregate the hematopoiesis-enhancing activity but demonstrated that this function is common to OBs from different anatomic sites. These data illustrate that OBs promote in vitro maintenance of hematopoietic functions, including repopulating potential by up-regulating Notch-mediated signaling between HSCs and OBs.
STAT3 is constitutively phosphorylated on serine 727 residues, binds DNA, and activates transcription in CLL cells
Authors: Hazan-Halevy Inbal , Harris David , Liu Zhiming , Liu Jie , Li Ping , Chen Xiaomin , Shanker Sreejesh , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Keating Michael J. , Estrov Zeev
Published: February 2010

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western hemisphere, but its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation (p) of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 occurs in several solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. In CLL, however, STAT3 is constitutively phosphorylated on serine 727, not tyrosine 705, residues. Because the biologic significance of serine pSTAT3 in CLL is not known, we studied peripheral blood cells of 106 patients with CLL and found that, although tyrosine pSTAT3 was inducible, serine pSTAT3 was constitutive in all patients studied, regardless of blood count, disease stage, or treatment status. In addition, we demonstrated that constitutive serine pSTAT3 translocates to the nucleus by the karyopherin-β nucleocytoplasmic system and binds DNA. Dephosphorylation of inducible tyrosine pSTAT3 did not affect STAT3-DNA binding, suggesting that constitutive serine pSTAT3 binds DNA. Furthermore, infection of CLL cells with lentiviral STAT3-small hairpin RNA reduced the expression of several STAT3-regulated survival and proliferation genes and induced apoptosis, suggesting that constitutive serine pSTAT3 initiates transcription in CLL cells. Taken together, our data suggest that constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 on serine 727 residues is a hallmark of CLL and that STAT3 be considered a therapeutic target in this disease.
In vivo role of leukocyte ADAM17 in the inflammatory and host responses during E. coli-mediated peritonitis
Authors: Long Chunmei , Wang Yue , Herrera Amy H , Horiuchi Keisuke , Walcheck Bruce
Published: February 2010

A novel in vivo role for ADAM17 in modulating inflammation and host resistance against a Gram-negative bacterial infection.

Inflammation is the body's initial response to infection, which is harmful when excessive, as exemplified in sepsis inflammatory syndromes. Ectodomain shedding by the membrane metalloprotease ADAM17 is an emerging regulator of inflammation, as it directs the activity of various inflammatory modulators. At this time, however, little is known about the in vivo function of ADAM17. Here, we show that ADAM17-deficient leukocytes afforded mice a survival benefit following Escherichia coli-mediated peritoneal sepsis, which was associated with a reduction in systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels and bacterial burden. A more rapid yet transitory neutrophil infiltration into the peritoneal cavity of conditional ADAM17 knockout mice was observed when compared with control mice, suggesting a mechanism for their enhanced clearance of bacteria. Preventing the shedding of L-selectin augments neutrophil recruitment, and we show that L-selectin shedding by peritoneal neutrophils in conditional ADAM17 knockout mice was impaired. Moreover, their peritoneal TNF-α levels were markedly lower than control mice following E. coli challenge. These events indicate key molecular processes involved in the altered time course of neutrophil recruitment in conditional ADAM17 knockout mice. Overall, our study provides novel in vivo evidence of the instrumental role of ADAM17 in modulating inflammation and host resistance during Gram-negative bacterial infection.
Closed form optimal continuous guidance scheme for new dynamic of electrical propulsion plane change transfers
Authors: Shafieenejad I , Novinzadeh A B
Published: February 2010

New guidance policies for the problem of low-thrust transfer between inclined orbits are developed within the framework of optimal control theory. The objectives of this guidance schemes are to provide appropriate thrust steering programmes that will transfer the vehicle from inclined low earth orbits to high earth orbits. The presented guidance schemes are determined by using optimal control theory such that two optimal performance measures are minimized. In this work, the independent variable is changed from time to thrust angle and some properties of autonomous system equations are considered to obtain the exact closed form solutions. Three states are considered, orbital inclination, velocity, and ascending node, to establish this dynamic system. Finally, two performances are investigated for new class of electrical propulsion plane change manoeuvres.
Synthesis and Structure of Group 10 Metal Complexes with New Tripodal Tetradentate Ligand Bearing One Phosphine and Three Thioether Moieties
Authors: Takeda Nobuhiro , Tanaka Yusuke , Sakakibara Fumiaki , Unno Masafumi
Published: February 2010

A new tripodal tetradentate ligand bearing one phosphine and three thioether moieties, [2-(i-PrS)C6H4]3P (1b), was synthesized by the reaction of [2-(i-PrS)C6H4]Li with PCl3 in good yield. Ligand 1b reacted with NiCl2·6H2O in the presence of NaBF4 to afford a five-coordinate complex, [NiCl(1b)]BF4 (2), with slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. Reaction of 1b with [PdCl2(PhCN)2] gave a five-coordinate complex, [PdCl(1b)]Cl (3a). Anion-exchange reaction of palladium(II) complex 3a with NaBF4 afforded [PdCl(1b)]BF4 (3b) with distorted trigonal-bipyramidal structure. Reaction of 1b with [PtCl2(cod)] resulted in the formation of a four-coordinate square-planar complex, [PtCl2(1b)] (4). The structures of 2, 3b, and 4 in crystalline state were determined by X-ray structural analysis and are described in detail. The structures of 2–4 in solution were also discussed.
Preparation and Reactivity of Vitamin B12–TiO2 Hybrid Catalyst Immobilized on a Glass Plate
Authors: Shimakoshi Hisashi , Abiru Makoto , Kuroiwa Keita , Kimizuka Nobuo , Watanabe Midori , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: February 2010

The vitamin B12–TiO2 hybrid catalyst was effectively immobilized on a glass plate, and the immobilized catalyst shows an efficient reactivity for various molecular transformations, such as the 1,2-migration of a phenyl group and dechlorination of perchloroethylene during irradiation by UV light.
Component-Based Technology Transfer in the Presence of Potential Imitators
Authors: Sun Jiong , Debo Laurens G. , Kekre Sunder , Xie Jinhong
Published: February 2010

Technology transfer to low-cost locations offers global firms an opportunity to reduce their variable costs involved in serving emerging markets. However, such moves may also make imitation by local competitors easier. As a consequence, technology transfer may create competition in the local market. We introduce component-based technology transfer for the global firm as a means to deter or accommodate the imitators' entry, recognizing that components may differ in technological complexity. By choosing a subset of components to transfer, the global firm's decision has an impact not only on the imitators' fixed entry costs, but also on postentry competition based on variable costs. Our research identifies two different types of deterrence strategies—the barrier-erecting strategy and the market-grabbing strategy. In the former deterrence strategy, the global firm retains enough component technology in the home country to make the potential imitator's fixed entry costs so high that it is not worthwhile entering. In the latter deterrence strategy, the global firm transfers enough component technology to the emerging market, reducing the global firm's variable cost to make the potential imitator's revenues so low that it is not worthwhile entering. Which deterrence strategy the global firm should employ depends on the degree to which geographical proximity reduces imitation costs and the degree of differentiation between the local firm's and the global firm's products. Some other interesting and counterintuitive results arise. For example, it may benefit a global firm to transfer less technology for products with a higher emerging market potential.
Revenue Management with Strategic Customers: Last-Minute Selling and Opaque Selling
Authors: Jerath Kinshuk , Netessine Serguei , Veeraraghavan Senthil K.
Published: February 2010

Companies in a variety of industries (e.g., airlines, hotels, theaters) often use last-minute sales to dispose of unsold capacity. Although this may generate incremental revenues in the short term, the long-term consequences of such a strategy are not immediately obvious: More discounted last-minute tickets may lead to more consumers anticipating the discount and delaying the purchase rather than buying at the regular (higher) prices, hence potentially reducing revenues for the company. To mitigate such behavior, many service providers have turned to opaque intermediaries, such as Hotwire.com, that hide many descriptive attributes of the service (e.g., departure times for airline tickets) so that the buyer cannot fully predict the ultimate service provider. Using a stylized economic model, this paper attempts to explain and compare the benefits of last-minute sales directly to consumers versus through an opaque intermediary. We utilize the notion of rational expectations to model consumer purchasing decisions: Consumers make early purchase decisions based on expectations regarding future availability, and these expectations are correct in equilibrium. We show that direct last-minute sales are preferred over selling through an opaque intermediary when consumer valuations for travel are high or there is little service differentiation between competing service providers, or both; otherwise, opaque selling dominates. Moreover, contrary to the usual belief that such sales are purely mechanisms for disposal of unused capacity, we show that opaque selling becomes more preferred over direct last-minute selling as the probability of having high demand increases. When firms randomize between opaque selling and last-minute selling strategies, they are increasingly likely to choose the opaque selling strategy as the probability of high demand increases. When firms with unequal capacities use the opaque selling strategy, consumers know more clearly where the opaque ticket is from and the efficacy of opaque selling decreases.
Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity Study of Indium‐Tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Following Intratracheal Instillations into the Lungs of Hamsters
Authors: Tanaka Akiyo , Hirata Miyuki , Homma Toshiaki , Kiyohara Yutaka
Published: February 2010

Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity Study of Indium‐Tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Following Intratracheal Instillations into the Lungs of Hamsters: Akiyo Tanaka, et al. Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University

Objectives

The aim of this study was to clarify the chronic toxicological effects of indium‐tin oxide (ITO) and indium oxide (In2O3) on laboratory animals.

Methods

Male Syrian golden hamsters were intratracheally administered 3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg of ITO particles, or 2.7 mg/kg or 5.4 mg/kg of In2O3 particles, containing 2.2 mg/kg or 4.5 mg/kg of indium, twice a week, for 8 wk. Control hamsters were given vehicle of distilled water only. The hamsters were euthanized serially up to 78 wk after the final instillation and the toxicological effects were determined.

Results

Body weight gain was significantly suppressed in the ITO 6 mg/kg‐treated hamsters compared with the control group, but not in the ITO 3 mg/kg‐treated or In2O3‐treated hamsters. Relative lung weights among all the indium‐treated groups were significantly increased compared to that in the control group throughout the observation period. The serum indium concentration among all the indium‐treated groups gradually increased up to the end of the observation period. Histopathologically, foci of slight to severe pulmonary inflammatory response with diffuse alveolar or bronchiolar cell hyperplasia, expansion of the alveolar spaces and interstitial fibrotic proliferation were present in all the indium‐treated hamsters and the severity of these lesions worsened with the passage of time. Lung benign adenomas were only manifest in 3 out of 15 of the ITO 6 mg/kg‐treated hamsters.

Conclusions

The present results clearly demonstrate that ITO and In 2O3 particles caused chronic pulmonary toxicity when repeated intratracheal instillations were given to hamsters.
Interactive Effects of Job Stress and Body Mass Index on Over‐eating
Authors: Takaki Jiro , Minoura Akira , Irimajiri Hirohiko , Hayama Asako , Hibino Yuri , Kanbara Sakiko , Sakano Noriko , Ogino Keiki
Published: February 2010

Interactive Effects of Job Stress and Body Mass Index on Over‐eating: Jiro Takaki, et al. Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives

Recent prospective evidence drawn from the Whitehall II cohort reported by Kivimäki et al. implies that stressful situations are related to decreased body weight in thin men and increased body weight in obese men, whereas no corresponding interactive effects are observed in women. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown, and the purpose of this study was to confirm our hypothesis that the relevant mechanism is behavioral (e.g., over‐eating).

Methods

The subjects of this survey were 607 Japanese workers (response rate: 60.5%) in four organizations. The questionnaire solicited demographic information and included the Bulimia scale of the Eating Disorder Inventory‐EZ to measure tendencies toward overeating as well as the Japanese version of the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated on the basis of data obtained during medical check‐ups. We tested for linear and interactive effects with hierarchical regression analyses.

Results

BMI was significantly (p<0.05) associated with over‐eating both univariately and after adjusting for age in both sexes. Significant (p<0.05) interactions showed that ERIQ effort scores and effort‐reward ratios were more positively associated with over‐eating in men with higher BMIs, and ERIQ reward and financial remuneration scores were more negatively associated with over‐eating in men with higher BMIs. No corresponding interactive effects were observed among women.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that stressful situations are more associated with over‐eating in men with higher BMIs. This might explain, in part, the mechanism underpinning the interactive effects proposed by Kivimäki et al.
Basic Occupational Health Services in Baoan, China
Authors: Chen Yongwen , Chen Jinxi , Sun Yuwei , Liu Yimin , Wu Likang , Wang Ya , Yu Shujiang
Published: February 2010

Basic Occupational Health Services in Baoan, China: Yongwen Chen, et al. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Baoan, P.R. China

Objectives

The aim of the study was to develop a model of basic occupational health services (BOHS) in Baoan, which could provide occupational health services (OHS) universally for workers and control occupational hazards.

Methods

Steps involved in the BOHS strategy included construction of the BOHS system, capacity building, health training and education, surveillance of workplaces and the health of workers, risk assessment, control and evaluation processes.

Results

This model provided BOHS to employees universally, especially migrant workers in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) who had been underserved. It expanded the coverage of OHS and improved their content. The knowledge and recognition rate of occupational diseases, the coverage rates of working places and workers rose significantly after three years development. Furthermore, BOHS were cost‐effective and accepted by both employers and employees.

Conclusions

Our experience suggests that a BOHS strategy might be a feasible and effective way of protecting the health of workers confronted with occupational hazards.
Cellulose sulphuric acid as a biodegradable and reusable catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Shelke Kiran , Sapkal Suryakant , Niralwad Kirti , Shingate Bapurao , Shingare Murlidhar
Published: February 2010

A green, mild and efficient method for Knoevenagel condensation of 3-formylchromone/2-chlroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde with active methylene compounds such as Meldrum’s acid/ethyl cyanoacetate using biosupported cellulose sulphuric acid (CSA) in the solid-state by grinding under solvent-free condition has been developed. This method provides several advantages including environmental friendliness, shor t reaction times, high yields and a simple work-up procedure. Moreover, the CSA was successfully reused for four cycles without significant loss of activity.
Rapid synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives containing a benzothiazolyl moiety
Authors: Mithlesh  , Pareek Pawan , Kant Ravi , Shukla Sanjeev , Ojha Krishan
Published: February 2010

A series of N-(6-methylbenzothiazolyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrasubstituted-4-(aryl)-1,4-dihydropyridines were synthesized by reaction of 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole, aromatic aldehyde and active methylene compound in methanol by conventional, as well as, microwave irradiation (solvent free and solid support) methods. The microwave irradiation technique gives better yield and shorter reaction time. Among solid supported microwave irradiation better yields are obtained in acidic alumina as compared to silica, neutral alumina, and basic alumina. All compounds were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities and results have been compared with standard drugs. Entomological activities were also tested. The results showed that a change in the substitution pattern in 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives may cause a marked effect on their antimicrobial activity.
Role of temperature in the numerical analysis of CaO under high pressure
Authors: Bhardwaj Purvee , Singh Sadhna
Published: February 2010

In this paper we focus on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of the B1 phase of CaO by using the modified TBP model, including the role of temperature. We have successfully obtained the phase transition pressure and volume change at different temperatures. In addition elastic constants and bulk modulus of B1 phase of CaO at different temperatures are discussed. Our results are comparable with the previous ones at high temperatures and pressures. The thermodynamical properties of the B1 phase of CaO are also predicted.
DFT investigation on mechanism of dirhodium tetracarboxylate-catalyzed O-H insertion of diazo compounds with H2O
Authors: Liu Zhenfeng , Liu Jianyong
Published: February 2010

The mechanism of the dirhodium tetracarboxylate-catalyzed O-H insertion reaction of diazomethane and methyl diazoacetate with H2O has been studied in detail using DFT calculations. The rhodium catalyst and a diazo compound couple to form a rhodiumcarbene complex. Of two reaction pathways of the Rh(II)-carbene complex with H2O, the stepwise pathway is more preferable than the concerted one. Formation of a Rh(II) complex-associated oxonium ylide is an exothermal process, and direct decomposition of the ylide gives a very high barrier. The high barriers for the 1,2-H shift of Rh(II) complex-associated oxonium ylides make the ylides become stable intermediates in both reactions, especially for the reactions in solution. Difficulty in formation of a free oxonium ylide supports experimental results, indicating that the Rh(II) complex-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of a diazo compound proceeds via a Rh(II) complex-associated oxonium ylide rather than via a free oxonium ylide.
Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of phenanthridine, phenanthridinone and phenanthridine N-oxide using multivariate calibration methods
Authors: Sorouraddin Mohammad-Hossein , Amini Kaveh , Naseri Abdolhossein , Rashidi Mohammad-Reza
Published: February 2010

The multivariate calibration methods, partial least squares (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) have been used to determine phenanthridine, phenanthridinone and phenanthridine N-oxide in spiked human plasma samples. Resolution of binary and ternary mixtures of analytes with minimum sample pre-treatment and without analyte separation has been successfully achieved analyzing the UV spectral data. The net analyte signal (NAS) concept was also used to calculate multivariate analytical figures of merit such as limit of detection, selectivity and sensitivity. The simultaneous determination of three analytes was possible by PLS and PCR processing of sample absorbance in the 210–355 nm region. Good recoveries were obtained for both synthetic mixtures and spiked human plasma samples.
Comparison of pressurised fluid and ultrasonic extraction methods for analysis of plant antioxidants and their antioxidant capacity
Authors: Dobiáš Petr , Pavlíková Petra , Adam Martin , Eisner Aleš , Beňová Blanka , Ventura Karel
Published: February 2010

The analytical method based on the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection (HPLC/UV) for determination of selected antioxidants (i.e., esculetin, scopoletin, 7-hydroxycoumarine, rutin, xanthotoxin, 5-methoxypsoralen and quercetin) in plant material was developed. Pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) and ultrasonic extraction (USE) methods for the isolation of these compounds from ten real plant samples were used. Both extraction methods were optimised and compared to each other. For the proposed HPLC/UV method the LOQ values (limit of quantification) in the range from 22.7 (xanthotoxin) to 97.2 ng mL−1 (rutin) were obtained. For all extracts the antioxidant capacity based on the reduction of free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was also determined. Results ranged from 82.04 to 94.43% of DPPH radical inhibition for PFE method and from 76.01 to 89.94% in the case of USE method.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a series of optically active quaternary ammonium salts derived from phenylalanine
Authors: Lukáč Miloš , Lacko Ivan , Bukovský Marián , Kyselová Zuzana , Karlovská Janka , Horváth Branislav , Devínsky Ferdinand
Published: February 2010

We synthesized nine quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs) starting from phenylalanine, N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromides, which were prepared as optically pure substances. Five compounds were prepared as S-enantiomers and four compounds as R-enantiomers. These compounds were evaluated by their activities against bacteria and fungi. Three microbial strains were used in the study: the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungi Candida albicans. The activities were expressed as minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBC). The most active compounds were (2S)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide and (2R)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide, with MBC values exceeding those of commercial benzalkoniumbromide (BAB) used as standard. The relationships between structure and biological activity of the tested QUATs were quantified by the bilinear model (QSAR) and are discussed.
Isolation and Characterization of Lignin from Tropical and Temperate Hardwood
Authors: Jahan M Sarwar , Mun Sung Phil
Published: February 2010

Dioxane and milled wood lignins (MWL) were isolated from tropical hardwood, Nalita (Trema orientalis) and temperate hardwood, aspen. These lignins were characterized by UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, molecular weight determination, elemental and methoxyl analysis. The structural analysis revealed that Nalita and aspen lignin is syringyl-guaiacyl type. Aspen lignin had higher syringyl unit than Nalita lignin. The β-O-4 type linkages are the main interunit linkages and more abundant in aspen than Nalita. Dioxane lignin showed higher free phenolic hydroxyl group than MWL in both species. The weight average molecular weight of aspen lignin was lower than that of Nalita lignin. Nalita and aspen lignins contained both erythro and threo configuration, but erythro proton gave stronger peak. A UV absorption maximum of aspen lignin was at 274 nm, whereas it was shifted to 280 nm for Nalita lignin. Keywords: Trema orientalis, Aspen, Dioxane lignin, Milled wood lignin, Syringyl-guaiacyl, β-O-4 linkages DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4399 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 271-280, 2009
Creating Concise Summaries of Network Traffic Using Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Mahmood A , Leckie C , Udaya P
Published: February 2010

In today's high speed networks it is becoming increasingly challenging for network managers to understand the nature of the traffic that is carried in their network. A major problem for traffic analysis in this context is how to extract a concise yet accurate summary of the relevant aggregate traffic flows that are present in network traces. In this paper we present two summarization techniques to minimize the size of the traffic flow report that is generated by a hierarchical cluster analysis tool. By analyzing the accuracy and compaction gain of our approach on a standard benchmark dataset, we demonstrate that our approach achieves more accurate summaries than those of an existing tool that is based on frequent itemset mining. Key words: Cluster analysis, Internet management, Traffic analysis, Summarization. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4400 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 281-288, 2009
Liquid Phase Epitaxy for Optical Communication Devices
Authors: Haque Mohammad Asadul , Mahmood Zahid Hasan , Rahman Jalalur
Published: February 2010

In this review paper we discuss the scope of the Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) for the growth of the semiconductor materials required for optical communication devices. LPE is non-hazardous comparatively cheaper technology for the material growth and growth processing laboratory could be set up easily. LPE offers the selective and equilibrium growth which is suitable for simple structures. LPE set up could be easily installed for the research and academic institutes as well as in the industries. Key words: Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE), Impurities, Optical Communications, Multilayer, Heterostructures, Light Emitting Diodes (LED), Photodetectors, Solar cells and Photodiodes. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4402 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 297-302, 2009
Preparation and Characterization of Anti-CeTNT-1 and Anti-CeTNT-4 Antibodies
Authors: Amin M Ziaul , Kagawa Hiroaki , Satter Mohammed A
Published: February 2010

Among the four CeTNT isoforms, CeTNT-1, CeTNT-2 are body wall types, CeTNT-4 is pharynx type and CeTNT-3 is expressed in both the body wall and pharyngeal tissue. In our previous study, we used body wall and pharynx type anti-CeTNI, anti-CeTNC and anti-CeTM antibodies to observe the tissue specific interaction of the TNI isoforms with others TN subunits and tropomyosin isoforms. To extent the interaction study of CeTNT isoforms, in this study, we prepared and characterized the body wall type anti-CeTNT-1 and pharynx type anti- CeTNT-4 antibodies. For the preparation of the anti-CeTNT-1 and anti-CeTNT-4 antibodies, in this study we constructed the pCTNT-1 and pCTNT-4 expression vectors. The sub-cloned of the pCTNT-1 and pCTNT-4 expression vectors were verified by DNA sequencing. These expression vectors were used to generate fusion proteins of the body wall, TNT-1 and pharyngeal TNT-4 isoforms in Escherichia Ecoli. The expression of these fusion proteins were confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The anti-CeTNT-1 and anti-CeTNT-4 antibodies were prepared in the rabbit by using the gel cut of the CeTNT-1 and CeTNT-4 fusion proteins. The antibody specificity of the CeTNT-1 and CeTNT-4 fusion proteins was also judged by Western-analysis using prepared anti-CeTNT-1 and anti-CeTNT-4 antibodies. The antibody specificity results indicated that anti-sera against each of both the body wall type TNT-1 and pharynx type TNT-4 isoforms had tissue specificity. Key words: Troponin T, Caenorhabditis elegans, Body wall, Pharynx DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4413 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 371-376, 2009
Effect of Flora on the Growth and Yield of Wetland Rice
Authors: Aziz MA , Miah MAM
Published: February 2010

One experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm and another experiment was conducted at farmer's field, Samantopur, Gazipur during the T. aman season, 2006 in order to determine the performance of flora on the growth and yield of wetland rice. The following four treatment combinations were tested in both site: T1= Control (No-fertilizer), T2= Flora @ 3ml/lit. of water, T3= Soil Test Based (STB) dose and T4= T3 + Flora @ 3ml/lit. of water. BRRIdhan 31 was used as test crop. The blanket doses of fertilizers were applied on soil test based (STB). The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications of each treatment. The sources of N, P, K and S were Urea, TSP, MP and gypsum. Urea was applied into three equal splits, 1/3rd basal, 1/3rd maximum tillering stage and the remaining 1/3rd at panicle initiation stage. The treatment T4 where chemical fertilizer was applied on STB in combination with flora produced the maximum yield but in terms of economic point of view the treatment T3 (STB) was found superior to other treatments. Key words: Flora, growth, yield, wetland rice. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4416 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 9-13, June 2009
Germination Characteristics and Mobilization of Seed Reserves in Maize Varieties as Influenced by Temperature Regimes
Authors: Sikder S , Hasan MA , Hossain MS
Published: February 2010

In a laboratory experiment seeds of four maize varieties viz., BARI hybrid maize -5, BARI hybrid maize -2, BARI maize -7 and BARI maize -5 were germinated at 24, 30 and 36°C to study seed metabolic activity and seed reserve translocation. Temperature had significant effect on germination characteristics and seed reserves mobilization. The shoot dry weights were increased with the increase of temperature from 24 to 36°C. But in root dry weight and length of shoot and root the highest value was found at 30°C compared to 24 to 36°C. At moderate temperature (30°C) all the varieties showed highest seed metabolic efficiency (SME) than those of at 24 and 36°C temperature and hybrid varieties BARI hybrid maize -2 and BARI hybrid maize -5 attained higher seed metabolic efficiency than the BARI maize -5 and BARI maize -7. Key words: Maize; temperature; germination; seed metabolic efficiency. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4421 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 51-56, June 2009
Profitability of Summer BARI Hybrid Tomato Cultivation in Jessore District of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim MR , Rahman MS , Alam MS
Published: February 2010

The present study was conducted at Bagherpara thana under Jessore district to assess the profitability, contribution of factors to production and changes in socio-economic status of the farmers. About 42% and 21% of total variable cost was incurred for tunnel preparation and using human labour, respectively. The average yield of BARI hybrid tomato was found 32.78 t/ha. The average return per hectare over variable cost is observed to be Tk 11,44,387 on full cost basis and Tk 12,07,481 on cash cost basis. On an average benefit cost ratio was found to be 4.19 on full cost basis and 5.09 on cash cost basis. The cost per kilogram of hybrid tomato cultivation was Tk 10.94 and return from one kilogram of tomato production was Tk 45.83. The functional analysis shows that MP and TSP had positive significant contribution to yield while human labour, hormone, irrigation and seed had negative significant impact on yield of hybrid tomato. The overall socio-economic status of the sample farmers was found increased by 20.33 percent. High price of tunnel materials, timely non availability of hormone, insect and diseases attack were reportedly the major problems for tomato production. Key words: Hybrid tomato, profitability, socio-economic status. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4424 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 73-79, June 2009
Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Picking of Green Fruits on the Fruit and Seed Production of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench)
Authors: Moniruzzaman M , Quamruzzaman AKM
Published: February 2010

A field experiment on okra taking the variety BARI Dharos-1 with four nitrogen levels (0, 75, 125 and 175 kg/ha) and six levels of green fruit picking (no green fruit picking, first two, first four, first six, first eight and first ten green fruit picking) was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati Hill District to find out the optimum N level and suitable number of green fruit picking during the summer seasons of 2005 and 2006 for the highest economic benefit. The plants were grown for both vegetable and seed production. Growth parameters, green fruit as well as dry fruit characters, seed yield attributes were significantly affected by different levels of N and green fruit picking. Nitrogen levels and green fruit picking increased number of dry fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, weight of seeds per fruit and seed yield. Application of N @ 125 kg/ha gave the highest fruit and seed yield of okra followed by 175 kg N/ha. These two N levels also produced maximum 100-seed weight, percentage of germination and seed vigour. The treatment of picking of 10 green fruits produced the highest green fruit yield/ha. But picking of first 4 green fruits produced maximum seed yield, which was statistically at par with those of 2 and 6 green fruits picking. First 4 green fruit picking gave the highest seed vigour whereas first 6 green fruit pickings produced maximum 100-seed weight. Picking of first 4 green fruits accompanied with 175 kg N/ha gave the highest seed yield of 2.86 t/ha, which was closely followed by picking of first 2 or 6 green fruits with 125 kg as well as 175 kg N/ha. Picking of first 2 or 4 green fruits in combination with 125 kg N/ha also gave the similar seed yield. The combination of 125 kg N/ha and first 6 green fruit picking gave the highest gross income (Tk.193.56/ha), net return (Tk.126.35/ha) and maximum BCR of 2.88. Key words: Nitrogen; picking; okra; fruit and seed yield; profitability. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4428 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 99-106, June 2009
Integrated Crop Management to Control Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of Mango
Authors: Chowdhury MNA , Rahim MA
Published: February 2010

An experiment was conducted to develop an Integrated Crop Management (ICM) practice for controlling anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of mango with emphasis on non-chemical means and achieving higher yield. The treatments were T1 = Pruning (P) + Weeding (W) + Spading (S) + Fertilizer application + Garlic Extract (3 times) + Irrigation (14 days interval); T2 = P+W+S + Fertilizer application +GE (2 times) + Dithane M-45 (one time) + Irrigation (14 days interval); T3 = P+W+S + Fertilizer application + Bagging (60 days before harvest) + Irrigation (14 days interval); T4 = P+W+S + Fertilizer application + Dithane M-45 (3 times) + Irrigation (14 days interval) and T5 = Control (Untreated). It was found that T4 treated plant resulted the highest (14%) fruit retention per plant followed by T1 (13.75%). The lowest (8.50%) was obtained from T5 (control) at 60 DAFS. Treatments T4 and T1 produced the highest percentage (94 and 92, respectively) of healthy fruits and the lowest (86%) was obtained from T5 (control). The highest yield was obtained from T4 and T1 treatment (18.88 and 17.47 t/ha, respectively) and the lowest (4.48 t/ha) was found in T5. The highest (26.50) soluble solid was obtained form treatment T4 followed by T1 (25.75) and the lowest (24.00) was recorded from T5. The highest disease incidence and severity was found in T5 (66.67% and 3.00%, respectively). Key words: Mango; integrated management; anthracnose; yield. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4430 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 115-120, June 2009
Sowing Dates: A Major Factor on the Incidence of Major Insect Pests and Yield of Mungbean
Authors: Hossain M Altaf , Prodhan MZH , Sarker MA
Published: February 2010

An experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Center, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during kharif-I to find out the insect pests attacking mungbean crop sowing at different dates to determine the optimum date(s) of sowing. It is seen that the incidence and population fluctuation of various insect pests was very much dependent on the prevailed climatic conditions of the cropping season. The early (February 14 to March 06) and late sown (mid April to onward) crops received higher pest infestation than mid sown (March 13 to April 10) crops. The highest yield (1548 kg/ha) was obtained from March 27 sowing crop. The second highest yield (1279 kg/ha) was obtained from March 13 sowing which was statistically identical to March 20, April 03 and April 10 sowings crop. Again, the delayed sowings after mid April to onward provide yield of 717 kg/ha to 178 kg/ha which were very poor. Hence, for ensuring higher yield and less insect pest's infestation, mungbean should be sown within the period of March 13 to April 10 and the best date of sowing should be March 27. Key words: Sowing dates; pest infestation; yield of mungbean. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4432 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 127-133, June 2009
Standardization of Joint Examination Technique Leads to a Significant Decrease in Variability Among Different Examiners
Authors: GRUNKE MATHIAS , ANTONI CHRISTIAN E. , KAVANAUGH ARTHUR , HILDEBRAND VERENA , DECHANT CLAUDIA , SCHETT GEORG , MANGER BERNHARD , RONNEBERGER MONIKA
Published: February 2010

Objective.

To reduce the amount of variability among assessors, we conducted joint examination standardization seminars in conjunction with multicenter clinical trials for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The examination techniques used were based on the recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR).

Methods.

To evaluate the effect of standardization, participants at the seminars examined a given patient with RA before and after they were made familiar with the EULAR examination technique. The number of tender and swollen joints as well as the variance among the examiners before and after the training were compared. Joints were rated positive or negative for tenderness and swelling without grading.

Results.

Overall, 553 individuals from a variety of countries in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia participated. Examiners included different kinds of health professionals, mainly physicians and nurses. We found a substantial variance among examiners before the training in the standardized method. This variance could be significantly reduced by the training. We also found that the number of joints considered active was markedly reduced after the training.

Conclusion.

Standardized joint examination training significantly reduces variability among different assessors.
Empleo de microalga Scenedesmus obliquas en la eliminación de cromo presente en aguas residuales galvánicas
Authors: Pellón A. , Benítez F. , Frades J. , García L. , Cerpa A. , Alguacil F. J.
Published: February 2010

El vertido de aguas residuales con alto contenido de cromo, procedentes de las industrias galvanoplásticas, es un peligro potencial que se le presenta a la población y al medio ambiente. Se conoce que algunos metales, incluyendo los pesados, a concentraciones bajas participan en diferentes rutas metabólicas, pero en altas concentraciones pueden ser tóxicos para muchos organismos vivos. Algunos microorganismos toman los metales pesados del medio ambiente, siendo capaces de concentrar y acumular grandes cantidades de los mismos en diferentes estructuras citoplasmáticas, sin que lleguen a ocasionar efectos tóxicos en los mismos. Las microalgas son un ejemplo de este comportamiento, ya que tienen afinidad por los metales polivalentes, de ahí la posibilidad de su aplicación como agentes descontaminantes en aguas que contengan iones metálicos disueltos como método alternativo cuando no se pueda utilizar otro método de recuperación. En este trabajo se realizó un estudio de eliminación de cromo presente en las aguas residuales galvánicas, empleando un cultivo de scenedesmus obliquus. Se obtuvo una eficiencia de eliminación de Cr (VI) del 12 % y del 27 % para el Cr (III), y en condiciones de inmovilización del alga fue del 95 % para el Cr (III).
Caracterización microestructural y estabilidad térmica de la aleación Mg-23 %wt Zr sintetizada mediante Deposición Física en Fase Vapor (PVD)W
Authors: Garcés G. , Pérez P. , Adeva P.
Published: February 2010

El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la microestructura y estabilidad térmica de la aleación Mg-2,3 %wt Zr, crecida mediante deposición física en fase vapor. Las principales técnicas experimentales empleadas en este estudio son la calorimetría diferencial de barrido y la microscopía electrónica de transmisión. La aleación, en la condición estado de depósito (as-deposited)y es una solución sólida de átomos de circonio en magnesio. La microestructura de la aleación está caracterizada por granos alargados en la dirección de crecimiento. Los granos crecen con la dirección [0001] paralela a la dirección de crecimiento del depósito. Durante un calentamiento continuo del depósito, se observan tres transformaciones exotérmicas que se han asociado a restauración, precipitación del circonio en la matriz de magnesio y oxidación. Se calculó, mediante el análisis de Kissinger, que la energía de activación para el proceso de precipitación es de 138 kjmol-1.
Efecto de un laminado en caliente en la evolución de las propiedades mecánicas de aleaciones base cobre endurecidas por dispersión y compactadas uniaxialmente en caliente
Authors: Camurri C. , López M. , Inostroza J. , Guzmán M. , Jiménez J. A.
Published: February 2010

Se alearon polvos de cobre de tamaño promedio 140 μm con diferentes compuestos, 2 % B4C, 2 % ZrC, 1 % CrB, 2 % Cr3C2, 1 y 2 % vol. de ZrB2, en un molino de bolas de alta energía RETSCH PM, con tiempos de aleado mecánico de 6 u 8 h bajo atmósfera de argón, con contenedores de acero inoxidable y una razón de carga de bolas de 5 a 1. Como alternativa a la clásica consolidación mediante HIP, se utilizó un prensado uniaxial en caliente a 650 °C y 90 MPa de presión en atmósfera de argón durante 2 h, obteniéndose un paralelepípedo de 30 x 10 x 10 mm. Posteriormente, el compacto se laminó en caliente a 850 °C, con reducciones de área entre 10 y 40 %. Se constata que si el prensado uniaxial es uniforme, el laminado en caliente posterior puede evitarse ya que sólo produce un efecto tipo recocido, disminuyendo levemente la dureza y resistencia a la tracción, incrementando ligeramente la ductilidad del compacto.
Propiedades mecánicas de los aceros aleados al cromo utilizados en la fabricación de cilindros de apoyo de trenes de laminación
Authors: Mammeri A. , Belzunce F. J. , Rodríguez C. , Torre M. , Poveda S. , García J.
Published: February 2010

Los cilindros de apoyo de los trenes de laminación de chapa, tanto en caliente como en frío, son unos elementos mecánicos grandes que deben diseñarse para soportar fuertes tensiones de contacto (contra el cilindro de trabajo, bajo la presión de laminación) y también acciones importantes de desgaste superficial. En este trabajo, tras la descripción del tratamiento térmico más conveniente que es necesario aplicar a estos cilindros, basado en un tratamiento de temple bainítico seguido de tratamientos de revenido, se han determinado las propiedades más características simulativas del comportamiento en servicio de estos productos, para lo que se han utilizado ensayos de dureza, compresión, tenacidad a fractura y ensayos de desgaste en seco por deslizamiento.
Los inhibidores de corrosión
Authors: Godínez L. A. , Meas Y. , Ortega-Borges R. , Corona A.
Published: February 2010

En este trabajo, se describe el fenómeno de la degradación por corrosión electroquímica de los metales, sus efectos y costos, así como algunas de las técnicas empleadas para minimizar su impacto. Se hace énfasis en la descripción y mecanismo de acción de los inhibidores de corrosión y, con base en lo anterior, se plantea que el uso de estas substancias puede constituir un enfoque efectivo y relativamente barato para controlar la corrosión de algunos metales. En la última parte del artículo, se discuten brevemente algunas de las técnicas comúnmente empleadas para evaluar la actuación de los inhibidores de corrosión y algunos criterios generales para hacer una selección apropiada de los mismos.