bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Response Following Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield™) and/or Sinopharm, BBIBP-CorV (Vero cell™)
Authors: Kamar Sher Bahadur , Pandey Hemraj , Shahi Ramesh , Puri Shurehraman , Yadav Gopal Kumar , Amgain Kapil
Published: November 2024

Background: Billions of doses of COVID-19 vaccine have been introducing in the world to prevent pandemic COVID-19. Higher efficacy but limited data are available for its longevity. We aimed to find out the IgG Anti-SARS Cov-2 antibody level among frontline healthcare workers after two doses of vaccines.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried among 170 HCPs of Seti Provincial Hospital of western Nepal, who were more than 18 years, and had taken two doses of either one of COVID 19 vaccine. All those participants, who were on leave during the data collection tenure (1st February 2022 to 28th February 2022) and/or did not consent to participate were excluded. Mindray SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG assay kit based on CLIA method, was used whose target antigen is S-RBD (spike protein of receptor binding domain) antigen. The IgG immunoglobulin is detected and cut off value ?10 AU/ml is considered positive.Results: Based on the recommended cut off, the antibody was present in more than 90% across both groups of vaccinee i.e. the positive antibody titer at a mean duration of 7.31 months was 93.53% overall (93.75% and 93.44% in Vero cell™ and Covishield™ vaccinees respectively).There were 3.92 times high odds of high antibody titer (?250 AU/ml) in Covishield™ group (OR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.86-8.26, P-value: <0.001) than in Vero cell™ group of vaccinee. Similarly, there were significant difference of high titer of antibody across groups with more than six months of elapse of vaccination (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.06-4.49, P-value: <0.001) than with less than six months of elapse of vaccination.Conclusions: The humoral response was higher among HCPs who received two-doses vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield™) and/or Sinopharm, BBIBP-CorV (Vero cell™) vaccine, and among those with six or more months of elapse of vaccination. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 following two-doses vaccination among HCPs was more than nine-tenths. Keywords: antibody immunity; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19(Covishield™); receptor binding domain; seroprevalence; sinopharm.
Sexual Dysfunctions among Diabetic and Non-diabetic People Attending in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal
Authors: Karki Khem Bahadur , Shah Bhupendra Kumar , Shrestha Sushan Man
Published: November 2024

Background: Sexual dysfunctions including erectile dysfunction among men, a widespread sexual health issue, pose challenges to sexual satisfaction. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of sexual dysfunctions in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals aged 30-70.Methods: A study at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, surveyed 350 participants (176 men, 174 women), aged 30-70, with 52.6% having diabetes. The structured interviews and validated questionnaires like IIEF-5 for men and FSFI-6 for women to assess the prevalence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction were used. Statistical tools were employed to measure the associations of different variables with Sexual dysfunctions. Results: Overall, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 73.7% (95% CI: 72.4- 73.7) with higher rates in men 83.9% (95% CI: 83.1- 84.7) than women 63.6% (95% CI: 62.0 - 65.2). Individuals with diabetes experienced an 81.5% prevalence of sexual dysfunction (95% CI: 80.6-82.4), whereas non-diabetic individuals exhibited a 65.1% prevalence (95% CI: 63.5-66.7). In the diabetic male population, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 97.5% (95% CI: 97.4-97.6), while diabetic females had a prevalence of 68.9% (95% CI: 67.5-70.3). Among non-diabetic men, the percentage of erectile dysfunction was 72% (95% CI: 70.7-73.3), and among non-diabetic women, sexual dysfunction remained 56.2% (95% CI: 54.4-58.0). Among individuals with diabetes, those who used tobacco exhibited a sexual dysfunction prevalence of 93.8% (95% CI: 93.5-94.1), while non-tobacco users had a prevalence of 74.8% (95% CI: 73.6-76.0). In non-diabetic individuals, obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunctions, reaching 84.6% (95% CI: 83.8-84.6). High blood pressure showed a strong association with sexual dysfunctions in both diabetic (83% with 95% CI: 81.9-83.4) and non-diabetic (70% with 95% CI: 67.7-70.1) groups. Individuals with diabetes for more than five years had a higher rate of sexual dysfunction as 87.8% (95% CI: 86.6-89.0) with 100% in men and 79% in women. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions related to obesity and alcohol consumption between diabetics and non-diabetics.Conclusions: The research highlights a noteworthy association of sexual dysfunctions with individuals with diabetes, male sex, tobacco use, and hypertension. The observed high prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in both diabetic and non diabetic people is a public health concern, emphasizing the need for culturally tailored approaches to address the sexual health of the affected individuals.Keywords: Diabetes; hypertension; lifestyle factors; sexual dysfunctions.
Bruchs Membrane Opening Area Measurement in Healthy Nepalese Eyes
Authors: Kharel Sitaula Ranju , Shah Ganga Sagar
Published: November 2024

Background: Bruch’s membrane opening area is the circular area around the disc of Bruch’s membrane, which is devoid of Bruch’s membrane and can be assessed by capturing the retinal imaging system by Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. BMOA can be a new landmark in analyzing the glaucomatous optic nerve head, myopic optic disc, optic neuropathy and uveitic disc edema. This is the first study from South Asia to evaluate the normal Bruch’s membrane opening area among Nepalese eyes.Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional, quantitative, observational study cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary eye care hospital in Nepal. Healthy immunocompetent Nepalese participants of both genders and different age groups were enrolled. The mean average Bruch’s membrane opening area of each eyes, the difference in Bruch’s membrane opening area between the two eyes and the gender of varying age groups were analyzed.Results: Around 162 eyes (81 participants) were analyzed. The mean age was 56.69±17.5years. The mean average Bruch’s membrane opening area of the right and left eye was 2.53±0.58 mm2 and 2.50 ±0.58 mm2. There was no significant difference in the Bruch’s membrane opening area in either eye in both genders of any age group.Conclusion: The Bruch’s membrane opening area does not differ significantly according to the laterality, gender and age group in Nepalese eyes.Keywords: Bruchs membrane opening; Bruchs membrane opening area; Nepal; optical coherence tomography.
Knowledge and Perception Regarding Medication Error Among Nurses
Authors: Maharjan Susan , Shrestha Amrita , Shakya Vivechana , Maharjan Manju , Panthee Bimala , Joshi Rashmi
Published: November 2024

Background: Patient safety is the major concern in providing quality care. Medication errors have been identified as the most common type of preventable errors. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception regarding medication error among nurses.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research design was used. The study was conducted in four different private hospitals in Lalitpur. A total enumerative sampling technique was used to select 302 nurses from these hospitals. Descriptive statistical methods were used to assess socio-demographic variables and inferential statistics methods such as the chi-squared test was used to analyse the association between knowledge, perception, and its socio-demographic characteristics.Results: Most of the respondents 244 (80.8%) agreed the cause of medication error occurs due to unclear handwriting and 217 (71.9%) agreed prescribing the wrong route or dose and time. Mostly respondents 126 (41.7%) had inadequate knowledge, 101 (33.4%) had adequate knowledge and 75 (24.8%) had moderate knowledge on medication error. Mostly respondents 273 (90.4%) had positive perception and 26 (8.6 %) had negative perception.Conclusions: Most of the nurses had inadequate knowledge but has positive perception on medication error. Appropriate strategies for reducing nurses’ workload, barriers to reporting, and sensitization workshops in a regular basis by the administrator should be developed to address medication errors and enhance patient safety in hospital settings.Keywords: Knowledge; medication error; nurses; perception.
Youth Suicide in Nepal: A Growing Concern
Authors: Paudel Sudip , Atreya Alok
Published: November 2024

In Nepal, suicidal behaviour among adolescents is a growing concern, and the country has been in the grip of a major mental health disaster for many years. The issue must be addressed immediately, and there must be urgent and concerted action by state institutions, healthcare practitioners, and society. Official statistics show the increased rates of completed suicide, whereas those cases that attempted suicide and survived the event remain unaccounted for. The fortunate suicide victims, who were timely rescued, resuscitated, and survived; in the recent years as witnessed at a tertiary hospital in the western region of Nepal, depict a grim picture of suicidality among youths, particularly among teenagers and young adults. The authors recognize the urgent need to tackle and address the problem of youth suicide in the country.Keywords: Cultural factors; mental health crisis; Nepal; risk-taking behaviour; suicide prevention.
Unusual presentation of ruptured non coronary sinus of valsalva with new onset heart failure
Authors: Saraf Awin , Hirachan Anish , Sharma Ranjit Kumar , Rajbanshi Bijoy Gopal
Published: November 2024

Rupture of sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac condition which is associated with severe left to right shunting. Symptoms may include breathlessness, chest pain and fatigue or even cardiogenic shock and when untreated, this condition carries a grave prognosis. We report a case of a 57-year-old gentleman without any past comorbidities who presented to our hospital with features of acute heart failure due to rupture of sinus of Valsalva which was diagnosed by echocardiogram and further confirmed by cardiac computed tomography scan. Patient underwent successful patch closure of the defect and made a good recovery. His hospital stay was uneventful and is under regular follow up. This highlights the importance of multimodality imaging and timely treatment for cases of rupture of sinus of Valsalva. Keywords: Echocardiogram; ruptured sinus of Valsalva; sinus of Valsalva aneurysm.
Patient Satisfaction and Its Socio-Demographic Correlates in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Banstola Bidhya
Published: November 2024

Background: Patient satisfaction is an integral component of patient care. This concept has been already integrated in the developed nations and the topic is getting interest in developing nations. Hence attempt has been made to address the satisfaction of the patients in different settings and hospitals. The objective of this study was to assess the satisfaction and likely sociodemographic factors affecting the satisfaction among the outpatients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 207 outpatients visiting different departments of the hospital by systematic random sampling method. The satisfaction was assessed by the abbreviated form of Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 and the mean scores of seven domains were obtained. Results: Mean satisfaction level was 3.53(0.40) out of 5. Highest level of satisfaction was in interpersonal manner domain and the lowest in accessibility and convenience domain. None of the sociodemographic variables was significantly associated with the overall satisfaction (p>0.05). Enrollment into the national health insurance, occupation and educational status of the patients were found to significantly affect one or more domains. Conclusions: This study showed that the overall satisfaction was fair; hence there is room for improvement for better patient satisfaction. Hospital needs to focus on easy accessibility and convenience of the healthcare facilities and resources to the patients.Keywords: Nepal; patient satisfaction; socio-demographic tertiary hospital.
Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease among Adults in Nepal
Authors: Karki Khem Bahadur , Poudyal Anil , Dhimal Meghnath , Muller Ruth , Groneberg David A
Published: November 2024

Background: Coronary Artery Disease is a leading cause of death and a major disorder affecting the heart and blood vessels. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and its associated risk factors in Nepal.Methods: This population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey involved 12,557 participants aged 20 years and older, selected through a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Data on demographics and risk factors were collected via face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The association of different variables with Coronary Artery Disease outcomes was assessed using descriptive statistics.Results: The prevalence of definite Coronary Artery Disease among Nepalese adults aged 20 years and older was found to be 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3-0.7). Possible Coronary Artery Disease had a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.6-3.4), and probable Coronary Artery Disease had a prevalence of 0.3% (95% CI: 0.2-0.4). Higher prevalence rates were observed among older individuals, urban residents, those with higher education levels, males, and participants with hypertension, diabetes, and elevated total cholesterol levels.Conclusion: This study represents the first comprehensive national population-based assessment of Coronary Artery Disease in Nepal. The findings indicate a significant burden of Coronary Artery Disease and its risk factors among the adult population. Addressing the high prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and its risk factors requires both individual and population-level interventions. Keyword: Coronary arterial disease; Nepal; prevalence.
Clinical Profile and Endoscopic Management in Patients with Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Lamsal Manoj , Jha Anurag , Kafle Brindeswari , Hamal Rabin , Sherpa Tshering Wangdi , Kafle Pradip Kumar , Bhattarai Tulsi Ram , Bhusal Mohan , Koirala Dinesh , Pathak Rahul
Published: November 2024

Background: Common bile duct stones is a common medical problem that are usually seen in association with gallstone disease. Endoscopic management of Common bile duct stones involves doing Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for bile duct clearance which is the primary therapeutic modality of choice. This prospective study was done to identify the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients presenting with Common bile duct stones undergoing Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on all patients undergoing Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in department of Gastroenterology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, for management of diagnosed or suspected choledocholithiasis from April 2023 to March 2024. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography findings and post procedure outcome data were collected and analysed. Results: A total of 110 patients (61.8% male and 38.2% female) were included in the final analysis. Successful clearance of Common bile duct was obtained in 76.4% patients with overall adverse events of 18% related to the procedure. Among patients undergoing the procedure, 16.4% couldnâ€™t be managed with Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and were referred for surgical management. Conclusions: Endoscopic management in form of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is a safe and effective method to manage patients with Common bile duct stones.Keywords: Common bile duct calculi; endoscopic sphincterotomy; ERCP.
Âşık Paşa’nın Garibnâme’sine Göre Ulemâ
Authors: Ürkmez Rauf Kahraman
Published: November 2024

Âşık Paşa (ö. 733/1332), Türkiye Selçuklularının yıkılıp, Anadolu beyliklerinin filizlenmeye başladığı geçiş döneminde, Kırşehir’deki zâviyesinde irşad ve tebliğ faaliyetlerinde bulunmuş büyük bir sûfî şairdir. Başlıca kitabı olan Garibnâme, tasavvufa dair Anadolu’da Batı Türkçesi ile kaleme alınan ilk kapsamlı telif eserdir. Âşık Paşa’nın hem kurucu hem de taşıyıcı nitelikleri haiz bu eserinde, tasavvufî düşüncenin bakış açısı, bilgi birikimi ve ifade gücünü samimi, sade ve akıcı üslûbuyla birleştirerek dönemine ayna tutması, yaşanan ve yaşanması muhtemel sorunlara, ideal çerçevede de olsa, bazı çözüm önerileri sunması makalemizin hareket noktasını teşkil etmektedir. Aslında o; politik, kültürel ve sosyoekonomik problemlerin aşılarak erdemli ve istikrarlı bir toplumun inşasında, dünya ve âhiret saadetinin temininde hemen herkesi ve her kesimi (hükümdar, ebeveyn, ahî çiftçi vb.) sorumlu davranmaya çağırmaktadır. Onun, bu çerçevede zikrettiği kesimlerden biri de âlimlerdir. Garibnâme’de ulemânın dinî hayattaki yeri ve işlevine, buna bağlı olarak devlet ve toplum nezdindeki itibarına dair çok sayıda beyit göze çarpmaktadır. Bu tematik çalışmada Âşık Paşa’nın ulemâya dair bakış açısının, yaptığı kıyaslamaların ve ileri sürdüğü eleştirilerin ayrıntılı bir biçimde ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, bahsi geçen hususlara dair Garibnâme’nin muhtelif kıssalarında işlenmiş bilgiler, kavram ve bağlam analizleriyle bir araya getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Âşık Paşa’nın ulemâ kavramıyla aslında fukahayı kastettiği, bir sûfî olmasına ve âlimleri özellikle velilerle karşılaştırmasına rağmen, onlara karşı genellikle ölçülü ve yapıcı bir dil kullandığı, onları dinî hayatı düzenleyen ve besleyen en etkili unsurlardan biri olarak gördüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Zira o, bilgi birikimleri ve yadsınamaz rehberlikleriyle orantılı olarak ulemâya kritik görevler yüklemekte, bunların üstesinden gelebilmeleri için de bazı temel hususiyetleri (kanaat, fazilet, tevazu, uzmanlık vb.) haiz olmaları gerektiğini açıkça belirtmektedir. Bunu yaparken başta veliler olmak üzere, irdelenen diğer kesimlerin de (ümerâ, hükemâ, müridler, alperenler vb.) eksikliklerine değinmesi, onlara da sorumluluklarını hatırlatması, tutarlı bir bakış açısı geliştirdiğini ve objektif bir tutum sergilediğini gösterir. Bu keyfiyet, onun ve eserinin önemini bir kez daha arttırmaktadır.
Viability and functional impact of probiotic and starter cultures in salami-type fermented meat products
Authors: Mani-López Emma , Hernández-Figueroa Ricardo H. , López-Malo Aurelio , Morales-Camacho Jocksan I.
Published: November 2024

Salami, a well-known fermented meat product, is made from selected ground meat mixed with curing agents and spices. This work aimed to determine the viability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (as a starter), Lactobacillus acidophilus (probiotic microorganism), and their mixture during the fermentation and ripening of a salami-type product, evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical changes and assess the sensory acceptability of the final product. L. acidophilus has not been sufficiently explored as a probiotic in fermented meats, especially in terms of its effects on fermentation and sensory qualities. Salami-type products were formulated and fermented for 48 h at 32°C, and then ripening took place at 8°C for 13 days. pH, titratable acidity, Lactobacillus counts, and contaminating microbiota were analyzed during the process. Sensory evaluation was analyzed in the final products. The salami-type formulation served as an effective medium for growing microorganisms, with the populations of starter and probiotic cultures exceeding 108 CFU/g after fermentation and ripening for 15 days. The pH of the end products was ∼5.1, titratable acidity ∼2.5%, and aw ∼0.83. During fermentation and ripening, a significant reduction in total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (>7 logs), coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus (>8-fold reductions) were observed. The sensory evaluation results indicate that the product’s attributes are not influenced by the type of bacteria used, as no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The results show that L. acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, or their mixture can be used as a starter culture in fermented meat products. Using L. acidophilus, whether alone or in combination, is a viable option that preserves the characteristics of the fermented product and may enhance the benefits of probiotic consumption.
Death after sauna—case report of a heat stroke associated subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Nothnagel Anna Maria , Schwartz Stefan , Abramovich Igor , Schneider Thomas , Angermair Stefan , Treskatsch Sascha
Published: November 2024

Heat exposure could cause organ injuries leading to multi-organ failure. This case report describes a cardiopulmonary healthy 61-year-old woman who was admitted to our university hospital in an unconscious state after spending more than 30 min in an 80°C sauna. Initial radiological imaging revealed no pathological findings. Laboratory results revealed a rapidly progressing disseminated intravascular coagulation (“DIC”) and a clinically asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. The patient died 38 h after admission due to a second-stage subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with progressive DIC. This report emphasizes the importance of awareness and strategies to mitigate deadly consequences of heat exposure.
Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections
Authors: Zou Hao , Huang Changrui , Feng Qinqi , Yu Bang , Liu Jian , Shu Xinyang , Nie Xiaolu , Zhang Hongchun , Zou Xiaohui
Published: November 2024

Background

Wind-cold (WC) and Wind-heat (WH) are common syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), presenting different clinical features, but the transcriptomic changes associated with these syndromes remained unclear.

Materials and Methods

Patients with WC and WH syndromes were recruited from outpatient unit, pharyngeal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. Peripheral blood samples were obtained on day 1 and day 6, with healthy volunteers as controls. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with the two syndromes. Marker genes for each syndrome were identified, and a machine learning classifier was developed.

Results

A total of 124 samples from 34 WC, 30 WH patients, and 16 health controls were included in this study. No significant differences in etiological spectrum were observed between the syndromes. Both syndromes showed distinct gene expression profiles compared to health control. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that TGF-β and Wnt/β -catenin pathways were downregulated in the WH. The oxidative phosphorylation pathways were downregulated in WC cohort compared to the WH cohort. As the URTIs improved from day 1 to day 6, oxidative phosphorylation pathway activity returned to normal levels. The marker genes for WC and WH syndromes were identified and a random forest classifier was built, achieving an accuracy of 0.88.

Conclusion

WC and WH syndromes demonstrated distinct gene expression profiles, supporting more precise TCM diagnosis. WC syndrome is marked by mitochondrial dysfunction, while WH syndrome is characterized by downregulated TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
Advances of the multifaceted functions of PSTPIP2 in inflammatory diseases
Authors: Geng Shaohui , Hu Bohan , Guan Yiwei , Jiang Yijin , Shu Zixuan , Li Chen , Huang Guangrui
Published: November 2024

The complex interaction between the immune system and autoinflammatory disorders highlights the centrality of autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. With the exploration of PSTPIP2, it has been discovered to play an inhibitory role in immune diseases, suggesting its potential utility in the research and treatment of rheumatic diseases. This review outlines the mechanisms of PSTPIP2 in chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, liver diseases, renal diseases, pressure ulcer sepsis and diabetic obesity. The mechanisms include inhibiting the IL-1β inflammatory responses, NF-κB, ERK phosphorylation etc., promoting Erβ, and modulating the polarization of macrophage to prevent the inflammatory diseases. This review summarized current findings and offered perspectives on future research directions, laying a foundation for applying of PSTPIP2 in inflammatory diseases.
Realizing real-time optical molecular imaging in peripheral nerve tissue via Rhodamine B
Authors: Wei Jinzheng , Guo Xinyu , Wang Yixi , Zhang Yunmeng , Zhao Wei , Han Shufeng , Liu Chao , Yang Xiaofeng , Liang Wenkai
Published: November 2024

Background

Iatrogenic nerve injury is a consequential complication during surgery. Thus, real-time imaging of peripheral nerve (PN) possesses significant clinical implications. In recent years, the rapid advancements in optical molecular imaging (OMI) technology have provided essential technical foundations for the implementation of PN fluorescence imaging. This study aimed to realize real-time OMI of PNs via Rhodamine B.

Methods

Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), normal saline (NS), 5% glucose solution (GS), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were selected for measuring the fluorescence spectra of Rhodamine B solutions prepared in each formulation. Rhodamine B solutions, with varying doses dissolved in 100 μL of each formulation, were prepared and applied to the exposed PNs of the mice for incubation later. To ascertain the optimal formulation and dose of Rhodamine B, an analysis was performed on the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of the nerves. Based on the experimental results, we proceeded to incubate Rhodamine B solution on the PN tissue of mice and human subjects, as well as on neuronal cells, to verify the binding sites of Rhodamine B with nerve. Subsequently, histological studies were conducted to validate the binding site between Rhodamine B and the nerves. Finally, we injected the optimal combination of Rhodamine B solution into mice via the tail vein and collected the SBR of mouse nerve tissues at different time intervals to determine the optimal pre-injection time. Fluorescence images of various tissues were collected, and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining results were observed to determine the metabolism of Rhodamine B in mice and its toxicity.

Results

The excitation peak of Rhodamine B in PBS, NS, 5% GS, and FBS formulations was 554 nm, and the emission peak was 576 nm. In PBS group, the maximum SBR was 15.37 ± 0.68 while the dose of Rhodamine B was 8 nmol. Through ex-vivo validation on fresh human nerve tissue and verification using mouse and human tissue sections, we observed fluorescent signals of Rhodamine Bin the regions of nerve tissue and the fluorescence signals were all concentrated on the neuronal cell membranes. After injection, the fluorescent signal in nerve tissue reached its peak at 24 hours (h), coinciding with the highest SBR (5.93 ± 0.92) in mouse nerve tissues at this time point. Additionally, the fluorescence signal could be maintained for at least 48 h. Within 24 h, lung dilation and fusion of alveoli occurred. Then these pathological manifestations gradually diminished, returning to normal at 2 weeks (w), with no significant acute or chronic adverse reactions observed in other tissues.

Conclusion

Rhodamine B enables fluorescence imaging of PNs and has the potential for clinical translation.
Optogenetic elevation of postsynaptic cGMP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus enhances LTP and modifies mouse behaviors
Authors: Borovac Jelena , Rai Jayant , Valencia Megan , Li Hang , Georgiou John , Collingridge Graham L. , Takao Keizo , Okamoto Kenichi
Published: November 2024

A major intracellular messenger implicated in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions both in health and disease is cyclic GMP (cGMP). Utilizing a photoactivatable guanylyl cyclase (BlgC) actuator to increase cGMP in dentate granule neurons of the hippocampus by light, we studied the effects of spatiotemporal cGMP elevations in synaptic and cognitive functions. At medial perforant path to dentate gyrus (MPP-DG) synapses, we found enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic responses when postsynaptic cGMP was elevated during the induction period. Basal synaptic transmission and the paired-pulse ratio were unaffected, suggesting the cGMP effect on LTP was postsynaptic in origin. In behaving mice implanted with a fiber optic and wireless LED device, their performance following DG photoactivation (5–10 min) was studied in a variety of behavioral tasks. There were enhancements in reference memory and social behavior within tens of minutes following DG BlgC photoactivation, and with time (hours), an anxiogenic effect developed. Thus, postsynaptic cGMP elevations, specifically in the DG and specifically during conditions that evoke synaptic plasticity or during experience, are able to rapidly modify synaptic strength and behavioral responses, respectively. The optogenetics technology and new roles for cGMP in the DG may have applications in brain disorders that are impacted by dysregulated cGMP signaling, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Case report: Dramatic impact of DNA next generation sequencing results using specific targeted therapies—ALK and PIK3CA
Authors: Cullum Stav , Vang Hlu , Glover Michael , Alammarah Howra , Morton Heather , Pham Nancy , Rahman Mobeen , Khan Saad A.
Published: November 2024

In the era of targeted therapies, the clinical importance and utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has expanded significantly. Owing to the relative ease and financial feasibility of NGS, the use of personalized treatment strategies has the potential to revolutionize cancer care. In this case report, we explored the use of NGS in salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) and spindle cell neoplasm of the scalp. In our patient with SGC, NGS revealed a GPHN-ALK variant that allowed off-label treatment with alectinib, with a remarkable response in primary and metastatic foci. Similarly, the use of NGS in a cutaneous neoplasm in which no definitive diagnosis could be reached by pathology and which had progressed through standard of care treatment elucidated a PIK3CA mutation in which alpelisib was added and ultimately halted POD. Here, we discuss the use of NGS, future projections, and our recommendations.
Exploring the multifaceted challenges of gastrointestinal metastases in lung adenocarcinoma: a case report highlighting diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic innovations
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Zhou Qian , Chen Peng , Du Chengzhou , Huang Yonghua , Gao Xiaoxin , Xu Shumei , Wu Jinling , He Tianxiao , Li Hongtao
Published: November 2024

Background

Lung cancer, the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, often metastasizes early, commonly affecting the liver, brain, bones, and adrenal glands. Although gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis is rare, it poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and is frequently linked to severe complications.

Case description

We present a case of a 61-year-old male with a history of lung cancer who presented with intestinal obstruction. The initial diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopic biopsy. The patient underwent chemotherapy, after which he developed intestinal obstruction. Further imaging and histopathological analysis indicated GI metastasis. Despite treatment with both chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the patient experienced recurrent obstruction, necessitating surgical intervention. Postoperatively, he had another episode of perforation, which was addressed with an emergency laparotomy, revealing metastatic adenocarcinoma at the site of perforation.

Conclusions

This case highlights the complexities in diagnosing and treating GI metastases from lung cancer. It underscores the necessity for multimodal treatment strategies and underscores the urgent need for research focused on early detection methods to improve patient outcomes.
Stochastic modeling of plant-insect interaction dynamics with MEMS-based monitoring and noise effects
Authors: Ain Qura Tul , Qiang Xiaoli , Ain Noor Ul , Kou Zheng
Published: November 2024

The dynamics of plant-insect interactions play a crucial role in the ecosystem, influenced by complex molecular signaling pathways. This study extends existing deterministic models of plant-insect systems by incorporating stochastic elements and molecular interactions, particularly focusing on the roles of Botrytis Induced Kinase-1 (BIK1) and Phyto Alexin Deficient-4 (PAD4) proteins. The model evaluates the effects of constant inhibition, pulsed inhibition, and adaptive feedback control on plant biomass (y1), insect herbivore density (y2), PAD4 levels (y3), and BIK1 levels (y4). Additionally, we examine the impact of different noise types, including deterministic, Gaussian, and Lévy noise, on system variability and stability. Results indicate that our stochastic model is superior as it shows a significant reduction in BIK1 levels, particularly under higher noise intensities, which enhances PAD4 activity and improves plant defense mechanisms. Moreover, moderate noise intensity (σ=0.05) provides an optimal balance, sustaining PAD4 levels while effectively controlling insect herbivore populations. We also integrate MEMS-based feedback mechanisms, which dynamically adjust plant biomass and molecular signaling, further stabilizing the system’s response to environmental variability.
Drought induces opposite changes in organ carbon and soil organic carbon to increase resistance on moso bamboo
Authors: Ge Xiaogai , Mao Yilian , Zhou Benzhi , Wang Xiaoming , Li Mai–He
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The variety of organs carbon concentration may be important for tree survival rate, drought resistance and tree subsequent recovery. However, it remains unclear how drought affect structural carbohydrate (SC) and non–structural carbohydrate (NSC) export and transport on clonal plant, which can be correlated with sustain physiological metabolism and group drought resistance by resource sharing. To better understand the adaption ability of clone plants to drought and the linkage of organ carbon with soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions, we assessed how long–term drought affects organ carbon and its impact on SOC fractions among moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) ramets.

Methods

Throughfall exclusion included two treatments with simulated drought (TE) and control sample (CK, natural rainfall) by waterproofing panels, which excluded 70–80% of the precipitation. We measured the SC and NSC of leaves, branches and roots as well as soil organic carbon components on three ramets, which emerged in 2017 (grandma, GB), ramets that appeared in 2018 (mother bamboo, MB) and ramets emerging in 2019 (current-year bamboo, CB).

Results

The results showed that there was significant difference on lignin, cellulose: lignin ratio and soluble sugar in leaves and roots (p<0.05) instead of branches (p>0.05). Effect of drought on SC and NSC varied with different organs and ramet age. Drought significantly increased soluble sugar concentration of leaves and roots by 15.5–31.0% and 10.6–24.8% for current-year bamboo. Compared with CK, drought decreased SOC by 6.7–19.1%, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 55.3–68.7%, readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) by 11.2–29.8%, particulate organic carbon (POC) by 25.1–47.4% but no effect on mineral–associated organic carbon (MOC). Drought changed the relationships of carbon components between plant organs and soil. In the control treatments, SC of leaves were significantly positively correlated with ROC, NSC of branches were positively correlated with ROC and MBC, NSC of roots were significantly positively correlated with SOC.

Discussion

Overall, our results suggest that drought strengthened the linkage of plant organ carbon and soil carbon cycling among moso bamboo ramets in ecosystem studies, which are critical for predicting tree resistance and management in subtropical forest under drought.
Genome-wide evaluation of gene editing outcomes using CRISPR/Cas9 in seed propagated Camelina sativa and vegetatively propagated Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Jayakody Thilani B. , Zarka Daniel , Cho Keun Ho , Jensen Jacob , Sikora Samantha , Buell C. Robin , Douches David S. , Nadakuduti Satya Swathi
Published: November 2024

CRISPR/Cas9 is the most popular genome editing platform for investigating gene function or improving traits in plants. The specificity of gene editing has yet to be evaluated at a genome-wide scale in seed-propagated Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (camelina) or clonally propagated Solanum tuberosum L. (potato). In this study, seven potato and nine camelina stable transgenic Cas9-edited plants were evaluated for on and off-target editing outcomes using 55x and 60x coverage whole genome shotgun sequencing data, respectively. For both potato and camelina, a prevalence of mosaic somatic edits from constitutive Cas9 expression was discovered as well as evidence of transgenerational editing in camelina. CRISPR/Cas9 editing provided negligible off-target activity compared to background variation in both species. The results from this study guide deployment and risk assessment of genome editing in commercially relevant traits in food crops.
Meat-egg-dairy consumption and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults: exploring rural/urban and gender disparities
Authors: Si Boyu , Zhang Keqing
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study examines the association between Meat, Egg, and Dairy (MED) product consumption and depressive symptoms among older adults in China, focusing on rural/urban and gender differences.

Methods

This study employed data from the latest wave (year 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models were applied to examine the association between MED consumption and depression levels.

Findings

The findings revealed a consistent negative relationship between MED consumption and depression, with higher MED intake associated with lower depression levels. Urban residents and males exhibited higher MED consumption, which correlated with less depressive symptoms. However, the impact of MED consumption on depression varied by subgroups; urban older adults benefited more from MED consumption than their rural counterparts, and the relationship between MED intake and depression was more pronounced in males than in females. The study highlighted the influence of socio-demographic factors, such as literacy, income, and self-rated health, on depression levels.

Discussion

The results suggested that MED consumption may offer protective effects on mental health in older adults, although the association may not be causal. The study underscored the need for further research to explore the complex interplay between diet and mental health in older adults, particularly in diverse cultural contexts.
Advancing healthcare through mobile collaboration: a survey of intelligent nursing robots research
Authors: Wang Boyuan , Chen Shanji , Xiao Gexin
Published: November 2024

Mobile collaborative intelligent nursing robots have gained significant attention in the healthcare sector as an innovative solution to address the challenges posed by the increasing aging population and limited medical resources. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research advancements in this field, covering hospital care, home older adults care, and rehabilitation assistance. In hospital settings, these robots assist healthcare professionals in tasks such as patient monitoring, medication management, and bedside care. For home older adults care, they enhance the older adults sense of security and quality of life by offering daily life support and monitoring. In rehabilitation, these robots provide services such as physical rehabilitation training and social interaction to facilitate patient recovery. However, the development of intelligent nursing robots faces challenges in technology, ethics, law, and user acceptance. Future efforts should focus on improving robots’ perceptual and cognitive abilities, enhancing human-robot interaction, and conducting extensive clinical experiments for broader applications.
Advancement of life and death education research: recommending implementation of the Life + Death Education Framework for teaching and research purposes
Authors: Phan Huy P. , Ngu Bing Hiong , Hsu Chao-Sheng , Chen Si-Chi
Published: November 2024

Life and death education is a distinct field of study that has potential practicality and life relevance for us to consider. For example, one notable inquiry pertaining to life education teaching entails appreciation and theoretical understanding of quality life functioning (e.g., a person’s desire to attain spiritual wisdom vs. a person’s desire to attain immense financial wealth). Our research undertakings recently involved the development of a blueprint or framework, which we termed as the ‘Life + Death Education Framework’. This framework is intended to provide relevant information that may serve to assist educators, stakeholders, caregivers, etc. with their teaching practices of life and death education. We premise that to date, there is no clear consensus or agreement among educators as to what one is expected (e.g., specific learning outcome) to teach to students who wish to study and learn about life and death education (e.g., do we introduce to students the metaphysical lens about death?). Moreover, from our point of view, the Life + Death Education Framework may yield insightful guidelines and life-related benefits, such as the heightening of a person’s well-being and/or his or her daily life functioning. As such, then, the focus of the present theoretical-conceptual article is for us to provide an in-depth narrative of the Life + Death Education Framework and how this framework, or potential universal blueprint, could help introduce and clarify our proposition of a life functioning-related concept known as ‘self well-being’. Self well-being, for us, is an alternative nomenclature that may be used in place of subjective well-being.
Tinnitus and COVID-19: effect of infection, vaccination, and the pandemic
Authors: Tai Yihsin , Jain Namitha , Kim Gibbeum , Husain Fatima T.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began worldwide around March 2020, has had an impact on hearing health, specifically tinnitus and hearing loss. Physiologically, COVID-19 infection, or medication used to treat the infection, has been reported to be a potential risk factor for tinnitus onset. In addition, tinnitus was reported to be a long COVID symptom or to occur after a COVID-19 vaccination in some cases. With most reports focused on the clinical population, this study aimed to investigate how the onset of tinnitus is associated with COVID-19 infection, long COVID, and COVID-19 vaccination in the general population based on self-report, while accounting for otologic and psychological symptoms.

Methods

In this study, a cross-sectional online survey that included general demographic questions, questions about tinnitus, hearing loss, hyperacusis, emotional status, and the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) was conducted.

Results

Completed survey data of 1,511 respondents who reported having tinnitus or believed to have COVID-associated tinnitus were included in the analysis. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their judgment regarding the etiology of their tinnitus: (1) COVID infection group, (2) long COVID group, (3) COVID vaccination group, and (4) pre-existing tinnitus group. The results suggest that tinnitus severity (estimated using TFI scores) was significantly lower in the pre-existing tinnitus group than in any of the COVID-associated tinnitus groups. While varying factors were found to contribute to tinnitus severity among the COVID-associated groups, overall, depression and/or anxiety accounted for the most variance in predicting tinnitus severity.

Discussion

The findings highlight the need to evaluate the impact of varying otologic and psychological symptoms in individuals with COVID-associated tinnitus for better patient-centered care.
Analysing the contribution of trees and green spaces to household nutrition security in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Bhebhe Qhelile Ntombikayise , Siwela Muthulisi , Ojo Temitope O. , Hlatshwayo Simphiwe Innocentia , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Slotow Rob , Ngidi Mjabuliseni S. C.
Published: November 2024

Food from trees and green spaces can diversify diets and enhance food and nutrition security for households. However, sourcing food from these areas often receives little attention in addressing nutrition issues. This study assessed the contribution of trees and green spaces to household food consumption and nutrition in the eThekwini Municipal Area (EMA) located in KwaZulu-Natal South Africa, focusing on the Osindisweni and Maphephetheni communities, which are biologically diverse and face high poverty, unemployment, and food insecurity. Using stratified random sampling, 280 households were selected to complete questionnaires. Additionally, two Focus Group Discussions (FDG's) and key informant interviews were conducted with community members and municipal representatives. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Household Food Consumption Score (FCS), Ordered Logistic Regression and a thematic analysis was done to analyse responses from Focus Group Discussions. The results showed that 93.6% of households consumed acceptable diets, with only 5.0% in the borderline and 1.4% in the poor categories. Specifically, Osindisweni and Maphephetheni households reported 93.3% and 93.7% acceptable diets, respectively. Ordered logistic regression indicated that both cultivated and uncultivated green spaces, household size, number of dependants, as well as access to training, agricultural assistance, extension, and advisory services negatively correlated with nutrition security. While communities recognized the contributions of trees and green spaces, they believed that these sources alone were insufficient. It is concluded that consumption of products from trees and green spaces likely did not improve the nutrition security of the households. To improve household nutrition security in eThekwini, it is vital to foster collaboration among stakeholders, including nutritionists and extension agents. Strengthening the knowledge of extension officers regarding the harvesting and consumption of food from trees and green spaces is crucial for disseminating effective guidance to households, thereby enhancing nutrition outcomes.