bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Bacterial Diversity from the Surface of Fresh Fruit Samples Available in Local Market of Ayodhya City, India
Authors: Singh Prashant , Singh Ranjan , Patel Ajad , Tiwari Induja
Published: November 2024

Fruits are food we eat every day. It is usually listed as an entire fruit, juice, beverage, or still drink, etc., on diet charts worldwide. Fruit is a great source of key nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help prevent diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. The demand for food that is microbiologically safe has been highlighted in recent years due to rising consumer awareness. In this research primary goal was to isolation of microorganisms from fresh fruit samples and to specify enumeration of bacteria in fresh fruit available in Ayodhya market, Uttar Pradesh, India.
A Glance at the Trend, Bacterial Profile, Demographic Features and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Gram-Positive Uropathogens: A Frequent but Neglected Lot
Authors: M. Jangla Sunayana
Published: November 2024

Gram-negative organisms are commonest cause of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Gram-positive bacteria from urine samples are often disregarded as contaminants. However, Gram-positive organisms are established uropathogens and their numbers are expanding. Materials and Methods: Urine samples received from January 2018 up-to December 2019 and January 2022 up-to December 2023 from suspected UTI cases of our institute were processed for culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. Gram-positive uropathogens isolated and their trend, demographic features and antibiotic susceptibility pattern were analyzed. Result: 28,365 urine samples were processed and 386 Gram-positive bacteria were isolated. Gram-positive uropathogens were 4%, 5%, 9% and 12% in 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2023 respectively. Enterococcus faecalis were 39%, Enterococcus faecium 25%, Streptococcus agalactiae 16%, Staphylococcus haemolyticus 7%, Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus 5%, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus 4%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 2% and Staphylococcus epidermidis 2%. The importance of escalating number of Gram-positive bacteria as uropathogens especially in specific age groups and antibiotic susceptibility pattern is highlighted.
Factors Influencing Residual HIV-1 Replication in Patients Treated with Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir at the Al-Nadjma Polyvalent Center in N’Djamena, Chad
Authors: Faysala Oscar Asbagui , Keitoyo Amedé Naibi , Ahmat Ahmat Mahamat , Lodoum Nan Arabe , François Moudine Ouadjonre , Abdoulaye Mahamat Koulbou , Aguid Mahamat Nour , Otchom Brahim Boy
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the factors influencing low-level residual replication in patients infected with HIV-1 treated with TLD followed at the Center Polyvalent AL-Nadjma in N’Djamena, Chad. This was a retrospective and prospective study with an analytical aim which took place at the Polyvalent Al-Nadjma center from April 2022 to December 2023 in the city of N’Djamena. The study began with the interview of 135 patients, 108 of whom signed informed consent to participate in this study. Patients infected with HIV 1 on ART based on the combination of Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir (TLD) for at least 2 years with a load of 999 copies/mL were included. A total of 108 plasmas were collected and analyzed by the RT-PCR technique. The data from the interviews as well as the RT-PCR results were analyzed with R Studio software. 70% (76/108) of the participants were female with a M/F sex ratio of 0.42. The average age of the patients was 40.58 ± 9.58 years. Factors influencing residual replication were related to age with a prevalence of 27.27% of patients in the age group of 40 to 50 years, to initial HIV VL with 18.66% in patients who had an initial VL between 40 – 200 copies/ml and 22.22% in those with a baseline VL between 501 - 999 copies/ml, at prior ART, most patients were on prior ART consisting of (Viraday®). A prevalence of 23.95% of low-level residual viremia was observed in these patients and also non-compliance with a prevalence of 7.40% of residual viremia. Thus, it was found that factors influencing residual replication were linked to a higher risk of virological failure and poor immune reconstitution. A better understanding of the influencing factors and adverse effects in various states of residual viremia is expected to provide important guidance for HIV treatment.
Studies on Biochemical Properties of Potential Sorghum Lines in Rabi Season for Micronutrient Densification
Authors: Aherkar Shradha , Ghorade R. B. , Kalpande V. V. , Konde N. M. , Bhuyar Arjun , Kamble P. S.
Published: November 2024

Millets are the most important and nutrient rich food preferred by most of the people for their daily consumption. However, these millets if enriched with nutrients will eradicate the problem of hidden hunger i.e. malnutrition prevalent in the weaker sections of the society. Sorghum, the King of Millets which is rich in starch, protein, fibres, etc and have efficient amount of Zinc and Iron bioavailability. However, sorghum biofortification would provide a sustainable solution to iron and zinc densification in sorghum. The present study was undertaken to study the ten potential sorghum lines for their biochemical properties such as protein, carbohydrates and proline along with the micronutrients such as iron and zinc at Sorghum Research Station, Dr. PDKV, Akola during rabi season 2023-24. In the present investigation, it was observed that, highest and lowest protein content was recorded by the line CSV-29R (8.98%) and PKV Kranti (6.33%), respectively. The highest and lowest carbohydrate content was recorded in the line Parbhani Shakti (86.19 g/100g) and CSV-29R (49.23 g/100g), respectively. The highest and lowest proline content was recorded by the line CSV-22R (1 g/100g) and Parbhani Shakti (0.5 g/100g), respectively. From the correlation studies it was observed that, carbohydrates had significantly positive correlation with iron content (r=0.663*) whereas, had positive correlation with zinc content (r=0.286). On the other hand, negative correlation was observed between protein content and micronutrients.
Investigating the Physical and Functional Properties of Diverse Sorghum Varieties
Authors: Prathika M. P. , Khyadagi Kashibai , N Kulkarni Uma , Sajjanar Gouramma
Published: November 2024

The present investigation was focused on investigating the physical characteristics such as length, width, breadth, weight, volume, bulk density, and colour, as well as functional properties such as water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and percent solubility. The sorghum varieties are comprised of rabi seasons, viz. M-35-1 (Maldandi), AKJ-1 (Atarga kempu jola), and sorghum variety available at Dharwad local market (market sample). The market sample and M-35-1 variety had a cream colour with a lustrous appearance, whereas AKJ-1 variety had a red colour with a non-lustrous appearance. All sorghum varieties were circular in shape. Significant variation was observed in physical parameters such as grain length (4.50 to 4.92 mm), grain width (3.53 to 3.83 mm), grain breadth (2.34 to 2.89 mm), hundred kernel weight (2.56 to 3.92 g), hundred kernel volume (2.00 to 3.33 ml), and bulk density (1.17 to 1.30 g/ml). Similarly, functional properties of flour, viz., water absorption capacity (84.78 to 89.77%), oil absorption capacity (91.10 to 94.30%), swelling power (8.61 to 10.38 g/g), and percent solubility (16.96 to 25.26%) of selected sorghum varieties showed significant variation. Among the sorghum varieties, M-35-1 had the highest length, breadth, kernel weight, and bulk density, while AKJ-1 variety had significantly higher values for width. The AKJ-1 variety had higher values for water absorption capacity (89.77 %), oil absorption capacity (94.30 %), and swelling power (10.38 g/g), whereas M-35-1 variety had a higher percent solubility (25.26 %).
Nutrient Uptake Pattern of Some Chickpea (Cicer arietnum L) Varieties
Authors: Nuruz Zaman Abu Syed , Zaman S. K. P.
Published: November 2024

The climatic condition of Assam is suitable for cultivation of chickpea (Cicer arietnum L). However, chickpea is not a regular crop of Assam, as such to introduce it in the state an AICRP project on Chickpea was initiated at Shillongani to find out a suitable variety and agrotechniques for Assam condition which would yield high yield and also improve / maintain soil health. With this objective in mind a few varieties were tested in Assam at Shillongani in the district of Nagaon, Assam. The crop was given a fertilizer dose of N 20, P 20 and K 0 kg ha-1). Seeds of the varieties were sown on 28.11.2023 and harvested in April 2024. The varieties tested were IPC 2004-90, WCG 2000-14, GPBC -2, BG -2076, JG 2-44, GJG -0408, JSC -48, CSJ -486, GJG -0501, PG -9758 -6, JG -2-25, GL -23094 received from AICRP on Chickpea.
Preparation of Paclitaxel Glycoside-Anionic Nanoparticles, Curc-min Gluco-oligosaccharides, α-Tocopherol Glycoside, Daidzein Glycoside, and Genistein Glycoside and their Application for Treatment of Skin Cancer, Dementia, and Allergy
Authors: Hamada Hiroki , Uesugi Daisuke , Ishihara Kohji , Hosoda Ryusuke , Shimoda Kei , Kuboki Atsuhito , Kiriake Yuya
Published: November 2024

Biotransformation is a useful tool for preparation of biomedically active compounds. This study reports the preparation of glycoside compounds and their medical applications. Composite nanoparticles, “anionic liposomes”, composed of anionic Technol PG and paclitaxel glycoside were prepared by mixing them in water with cholic acid-based surfactants of SC and a subsequent heating/cooling/ultrasonicating process. Small-sized anionic Technol PG nanoparticles (particle size: 3 nm) could be prepared by ultrasonic fragmentation at low temperature of 4°C. Upon addition of paclitaxel glycoside-anionic Technol PG nanoparticles to rat skin tissue (in vitro), the nanoparticles “anionic liposomes” (particle size: 3 nm) infiltrated into the epidermis layer penetrating stratum corneum (intercellular space: ca. 100 nm). In addition, during the anti-skin cancer test using mouse model of skin cancer, our study revealed that the numbers of papillomas of the mouse applied with paclitaxel glycoside-anionic Technol PG nanoparticles, “anionic liposomes”, to mouse skin were decreased, although those of the mouse applied with paclitaxel glycoside itself to mouse skin (control)were increased. Thus, this study established that since paclitaxel glycoside-anionic Technol PG nanoparticles could permeate stratum corneum and be incorporated into the epidermis layer of mouse, they could also treat skin cancer (in vivo). On the other hand, biotransformation of curcumin was achieved by using enzymes as biocatalysts. Curcuming luco-oligosaccharides, which were intraperitoneally or orally injected to a mouse, could penetrate the BBB of mouse brain and be incorporated into the mouse’s brain tissue, and could enhance spatial learning (in vivo). In addition, glucoside and galactoside of α-tocopherol showed high anti-allergic activity toward allergen, glutenin. Also, glucoside and galactoside of daidzein and genistein had strong anti-allergic activity against allergen, globulin.
The Effect of Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate 13 Valent Vaccine on Severe Pneumonia among Hospitalized Children Under-Two years old
Authors: Elnaji Ahmed Nurallah , Ali Adlan Ibrahim , Sarar Mohamed Ahmed , Saeed Magzoub Omer
Published: November 2024

Severe pneumonia in children is a major forgotten killer globally. In Sudan the incidence among under-five children is 19% and it represents 27% of causes of hospital admission. Pneumonia is responsible for 10% of hospital deaths among under-five. Each year, more than 2 million children under-five die of pneumonia in the developing world. Objectives: The study has been conducted on Omdurman Pediatric Hospital; in the period from April to October 2014 to determine the effect of introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine (PCV13) on severe pneumonia in the second year after introduction of the vaccine in Sudan.375 children admitted in the hospital with severe pneumonia were included in the study. The study aimed to determine the coverage rate of the vaccine, the characteristics, pattern and presentation of severe pneumonia and to assess the prognosis and course of the disease among the vaccinated compared to non-vaccinated children. Methods: This study is a descriptive case finding clinical study among children who are categorized clinically as severe pneumonia at Omdurman Pediatrics Hospital, Sudan, according to discharge diagnosis in medical records with clinical evidence of severe pneumonia, in children between two and 24 months of age. The follow up of patient and information obtained after taking appropriate consents from guardian. Data analysis: The collected data was analyzed by computer using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version (16). The result obtained being presented in graphs and tables. Result: 375 children between 2-24 months of age were included. The patients less than 12 months of age were 268 represents 71.4% of the total number of patient. The total coverage rate of vaccination with PCV13 was 73.6%. The coverage rate of vaccination with first dose, second dose and third dose was 73.6%, 62.1%, and 48.3% respectively. There were no significant statistical differences in relation to age, sex, and length of stay in hospital, but the prognosis and outcome was significantly different between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients. The number of died patients was 19 and the case fatality rate was (5.06%). Conclusion: The coverage rate of the PCV13 was low because the vaccines have been introduced recently. The vaccination with PCV13 affects the invasiveness of the severe pneumonia infection, course, prognosis and outcome significantly.
Irrational Use of Antibiotics in Management of Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children under 5 years
Authors: Abdallah Ibrahim Samah Omer , Abdallah Gamaledin Mutaz , Saeed Magzoub Omer , H. A. Magid Isam Eldin
Published: November 2024

Background: Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years. It’s responsible for around 525, 000 deaths of children every year. The use of antibiotics for treatment of pediatric diarrhea has been observed in spite of World Health Organization guidelines which discourage the use of antibiotics for treating acute diarrhea. Here we assess the extent of irrational use of antibiotics in management of acute watery diarrhea among under-five children both at home and health setting. Methods: Children under 5 years of age (n = 147) presenting at Mohammed Al-Amin Hammed Hospital with acute watery diarrhea were included in the study. Background information on the children was collected by questionnaire, including home treatments, and clinical information including symptoms and treatment were provided at hospital. Data were collected and analyzed for associations between variables and use of antibiotics using Chi-square statistic (X2). Results: Among the 147 patients, 87 (59.3%) were males and 60 (40.7%) were females. The mean age of the children was 12 ± 12.1 months. 119(80.9%) were treated as in patient, while 28(19.1%) were treated as outpatient. 61(53%) were admitted because of ongoing losses, (24.3%) admitted because they were malnourished children, 25(21.7%) had some dehydration. (63.7%) didn’t have stool analysis done and only 36.3% had stool analysis done. 110 (76%) received antibiotics, which prescribed by health care provider. Regarding antibiotics, 82(63.4%) were third generation cephalosporin in form of Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefixime, followed by benzyl penicillin and gentamycin injection for 72 (55%), and 24 (18.6%) metronidazole. Use of antibiotics was not influenced by age of the child, reason of admission or stool analysis. The only variable positively associated with antibiotic prescription was diarrhea from one to three days at admission. Conclusion: It is clear that young children presenting with acute watery diarrhea to Mohammed Al-Amin Hammed Hospital are likely to be treated with antibiotics, despite there is being no obvious reason that this treatment is appropriate. Our study results support the need for institution-based antimicrobial stewardship to be implemented to decrease antimicrobial resistance.
Role of Probiotics on Aquaculture: Importance and Future Perspectives
Authors: Parashuramappa Renuka Kulenur
Published: November 2024

Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing growth sectors in the world and Asia presently contributes about 90% to the global production. But disease outbreaks are constraint to aquaculture production thereby affects both economic development of the country and socio-economic status of the local people in many countries of Asia-Pacific region. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. The use of such expensive chemotherapeutants for controlling diseases has been widely criticized for their negative impacts like accumulation of residues, development of drug resistance, immunosuppressant’s and reduced consumer preference for aqua products treated with antibiotics and traditional methods are ineffective against controlling new diseases in large scale aquaculture systems. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems there by to maintain the health of the cultured organisms. Use of probiotics is one of such method that is gaining importance in controlling potential pathogens. This review provides a summary of the criteria for the selection of the potential probiotics, their importance and future perspectives in aquaculture industry.
Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Well and Borehole Water in the Municipality of Sèmè-Podji, Benin
Authors: Justin Behanzin Gbèssohèlè , Avocefohoun Alphonse Sako , Pascal Tchogou Atchadé , Damien Zannou Sagbo , Sourou Montcho Papin , Sègla Alohoutade Parfait , Nicodème Chabi Worou
Published: November 2024

Access to clean water and sanitation is essential for health. Its contamination is the main source of water-borne diseases such as typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, intestinal parasites, lead poisoning, cyanosis, fluorosis and diarrhoeal diseases in large proportion. In Benin, there is low coverage of the drinking water supply network (AEP) in rural and semi-urban areas. Drilling wells and boreholes are used by the majority of the population in uncovered areas for drinking water supplies. The lack of maintenance and the failure to respect the rules of hygiene with regard to these waters lead to their contamination. The purpose of this study is to assess the microbiological quality of well and borehole water in the municipality of Sèmè-Podji. A field survey has been carried out on the sources of pollution of these waters, the treatments which are carried out on the water before its consumption, the storage mode, the frequency and the mode of cleaning of the storage tanks on these waters. A total of 46 water samples, including 24 from wells and 22 from boreholes, were collected and analyzed for their microbiological quality using standardized methods at the Water and Food Quality Control Laboratory, affiliated to the DNSP and located in Xwlacodji. The analytical results showed a contamination of 77.65% by thermotolerant coliforms, 45.83% by E. coli, and 77.24% by Enterococci. As for common germs, 100% of the water analyzes were positive. Statistically, there is no significant difference between the microbial loads recorded in these waters, regardless of the arrangements made, from one district to another for thermotolerant coliforms, E. packages and Enterococci. As for common germs, a significant difference was observed between the waters of wells meeting the sanitation standards and the waters of wells not meeting these standards, but there are no more common germs in the waters of drillings not meeting the sanitation standards than in those of drillings meeting this safety perimeter. Water is therefore a potential source of water-borne disease epidemics, which must be addressed before water can be consumed in order to address the threat to public health.
Influence of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Growth, Yield and Quality of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus L.)
Authors: kumar Udaya , Sanganna G. Ramesh , Sajjanar M. , Jyothi R.
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Raichur during 2021 and 2022 to assess the growth, yield and quality of lemon grass (Cymbopogan citratus L.) as influenced by different levels of nitrogen. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized completely block design with four replications. The results of the study showed that variety Krishna of lemon grass showed better performance concerning growth and yield attributes when compared to variety Cauvery and variety Prathibha. Nitrogen when applied at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 responded better when compared to higher dose and lower dose of nitrogen. Lemon grass of variety Krishna and nitrogen of 200 kg ha-1, increased the plant height (198.69 cm), number of tillers per clump (155.00), number of leaves per tiller (8.33), dry foliage per plant (1.42 kg) dry foliage per hectare (25.75 t ha-1), oil yield per hectare (201.66 kg ha-1), nitrogen uptake(135.80 kg ha-1), phosphorus uptake(34.68 kg ha-1) and potassium uptake (263.20 kg ha-1). Therefore, lemon grass variety Krishna, and nitrogen of 200 kg ha-1 was found beneficial for higher growth and yield in lemon grass.
Seroprevalence and Diagnostic Utility of Rapid and ELISA Test for Detection of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C Virus Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Mengi Shalu , Isharat Aishiya , Dogra Sandeep
Published: November 2024

HBV, HCV pose a major health problem throughout the world. Due to invasive procedure patients undergoing hemodialysis are at high risk of acquiring infections. Infections acquired in dialysis unit can prolong hospitalization thus increasing the current study intended at detecting the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among hemodialysis patients exercising the Rapid Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Conventional ELISA is regarded as the most used screening test but due to limitations like high cost, unavailability, time consuming nature and requirement of skilled personnel for interpretation of result, rapid tests are gaining more importance and warrants comparison of performance. All test samples ranged in age group (15-76) years. Test results revealed (39.3%) positive for HBV and (59.0%) positive for HCV in rapid ICT. ELISA further verified tested samples for confirmed results. This study showed that there is high prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hence, stern adherence to infection prevention and control measures, isolation of seropositive patients, ample screening of HBV and HCV for donated blood and donors is indispensable to minimize the risk of HBV and HCV infections.
Exploring Protease Enzymes from Extremophiles Novel Solutions for Sustainable Leather Processing
Authors: Singh Rawat Gandharv , Mohabe Satish , Nahar Bindu , Paliwal Neha , Malviya Jitendra
Published: November 2024

This review article highlights the industrial relevance of extremophile proteases and examines methods for isolating and characterizing them. Microorganisms known as extremophiles, which flourish in harsh conditions, have special enzymatic properties that may have important biotechnological uses. The methodical procedure includes gathering samples from extreme environments, isolating extremophiles, enrichment culture, and screening for protease activity. In order to predict the structure and function of proteins, promising strains go through gene sequencing, PCR amplification, genomic DNA extraction, and bioinformatics analysis. Together with protein extraction, purification, and characterization, the methodology described also makes use of biochemical assays to ascertain the enzymatic properties of proteins and methods such as SDS-PAGE. Stability, activity in harsh environments, and compatibility with industrial processes are all taken into account when evaluating industrial potential. Based on their strong and distinct characteristics, proteases derived from extremophiles are promising candidates for a range of industrial uses, according to the review. The systematic approach highlights the potential of proteases derived from extremophiles in the processing of leather and offers researchers a path forward. Because these enzymes can survive in harsh environments, there are potential for them to change and enhance sustainability in the leather sector. The study makes the case that more research into extremophile-derived proteases could lead to novel biotechnological approaches to leather processing as well as sustainable industrial practices.
Diagnosis of Foliar Diseases in Cotton Growing Regions of Bharuch
Authors: Pandya J. R. , Waghunde R. R. , Patel R. R. , Pathak D. M.
Published: November 2024

In this experiment, different tehsils of Bharuch district were closely examined for various foliar diseases in different cultivars. A survey was conducted on cultivars’ field during the crop season and a fix point survey on cotton was conducted periodically at RCRS farm (Year 2021-22 and 2022-23). The survey data included the per cent disease intensity which were found vary as region to region as well year to year. Survey conducted on foliar diseases in cotton cultivars across different tehsils of the Bharuch district is informative and highlights the importance of monitoring these diseases over multiple crop seasons. Certain regions demonstrated higher incidences of foliar diseases, which may be attributed to local climatic condition. The yearly variation indicates the need for ongoing monitoring to adapt management strategies effectively and respond to emerging threats.
A Brief Overview of Plant Microbiome: Stressing its Significance and Function
Authors: Vidhyalakshmi R. , Ramya S. , Janani S.
Published: November 2024

The plant microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms that live in and around plants, plays an essential role in plant health and development. This review offers a brief overview of the plant microbiome, focusing on its importance for plant growth, nutrient uptake, and disease resistance. Microbial communities, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea, have formed symbiotic relationships with plants, helping them adapt and thrive in a variety of environmental conditions. In this review highlight key functions of the plant microbiome, such as boosting stress tolerance, producing hormones, and protecting plants from pathogens. The review also touches on how manipulating the microbiome could be applied to sustainable agriculture, aiming to enhance crop productivity and resilience by deepening our understanding of plant-microbe interactions. Additionally, it emphasizes the critical role of soil microbial populations in directly contributing to plant growth.
Argentine Malbec market: comparative study of general chemical parameters and sensory properties within low, medium and high price segments
Authors: Draque Alfredo , Fanzone Martín L. , Sari Santiago E. , Catania Aníbal A.
Published: November 2024

Malbec, Argentina's emblematic wine, is appreciated worldwide for its unique characteristics and distinctive organoleptic profile. As demand for Malbec wines increases locally in Argentina and international markets, there is a need to better understand the relationship between the price of these wines and their chemical and sensory characteristics. The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the sensory attributes and chemical parameters (in particular, phenolics) of Argentinean Malbec wines of different price segments. In order to observe the differences between each price range, the eight best-selling wines from the low, medium, and high price categories were analysed. Wine general analytical parameters and phenolics composition were determined and a descriptive analysis was performed with a trained panel. The results show that it was only possible to differentiate between the high- and low-price ranges. Both ranges exhibited variability, including different types of wines. Significant differences were identified in several parameters, such as O.D.280, titratable acidity, malic acid, volatile acidity, alcohol, glucose and total sugars. There were also significant differences in anthocyanins, LPP, SPP, TPP and tannins. The high-price range was characterised by higher alcohol content, greater polyphenol concentration and greater colour intensity. Sensorially, they were distinguished by the descriptors wood, astringency and colour. The low-price range was associated with low colour intensity and higher total sugar content. This is the first study to clearly establish the sensory differences among different price ranges of Argentine wines. Our study demonstrated that wine pricing is not determined in a subjective or arbitrary manner; rather, wines produced for a specific segment are intentionally designed to achieve the desired sensory and chemical characteristics.
Water Supply Network Renewal Strategic Planning Utilizing the VIKOR Method
Authors: Orasanin Goran , Simic Stojan , Kosarac Aleksandar , Vaskovic Srdjan , Milic Davor , Batinić Krsto
Published: November 2024

Water networks are critical infrastructure components, ensuring the continuous supply of high-quality drinking water to consumers. To secure such water supply, regular maintenance, including the replacement of deteriorating pipelines, is essential. In this study, a methodology has been developed for determining optimal pipeline replacement solutions in water supply systems at water utilities with limited data availability. Hydraulic analysis has been conducted on the segment of 25 km of the water supply network using the free software EPANET. Applying water network optimization, eight pipeline replacement projects according to 13 pre-defined criteria have been identified and evaluated. The paper outlines the methods for evaluating the criteria, including defining specific quantitative limits. The Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method was used in the paper to determine the weights of the criteria. The reason for applying this method refers to problems that involve a set of criteria with a mixed structure, including both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Also, the paper describes the steps of the multi-criteria optimization method VIKOR, used to select the optimal project. This paper, considered as case studie, describes a method, i.e. application of a new principles and an innovative way to solve a problem for developing countries.
Closed Form Solution to the Hubble Tension Based on Rh = ct Cosmology for Generalized Cosmological Redshift Scaling of the Form: z = (Rh/Rt)x −1 Tested against the full Distance Ladder of Observed SN Ia Redshift
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: November 2024

Haug and Tatum [1, 2] have recently outlined a possible path to solving the Hubbletension within Rh = ct cosmology models using a trial-and-error algorithm for redshift scaling, 1 specifically z = (R_h/R_t) − 1 and z = (R_h/R_t)^{1/2}-1 . Their algorithm demonstrates that one canstart with the measured CMB temperature and a rough estimate of H_0. Based on this approach, they nearly perfectly match the entire distance ladder of observed supernovae by identifying a single value for H_0. However, their solution is based on a simple numerical search procedure, which, although it can be completed in a fraction of a second on a standard computer, is not a formal mathematical proof for resolving the Hubble tension.Here, we will demonstrate that the trial-and-error numerical method is not necessary and that the Hubble tension can be resolved using the same Haug and Tatum type R_h = ct model through a closed-form mathematical solution. Furthermore, we will prove that this solution is valid for a much more general case of any cosmological redshift scaling consistent with: z = (R)h/R)t)^x − 1. Haug and Tatum have only considered the most common assumptions of x = 1 and x = 1/2 .Our solution involves simply solving an equation to determine the correct value of H0. This is possible because an exact mathematical relation between H_0 and the CMB temperature has recently been established, in combination with the linearity in an R_h = ct model. We also demonstrate that a thermodynamic form of the Friedmann equation is consistent with a wide range of redshift scalings, namely: z = (R_h/R_t)^x − 1.
Note for the P Versus NP Problem (II)
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: November 2024

The P versus NP problem is a cornerstone of theoretical computer science, asking whether problems that are easy to check are also easy to solve. "Easy" here means solvable in polynomial time, where the computation time grows proportionally to the input size. While this problem's origins can be traced to John Nash's 1955 letter, its formalization is credited to Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Despite decades of research, a definitive answer remains elusive. Central to this question is the concept of NP-completeness. If even one NP-complete problem could be solved efficiently, it would imply that all problems in NP could be solved efficiently, proving P equals NP. This research proposes that Partition into Triangles, a notoriously difficult NP-complete problem, can be solved efficiently, thereby potentially establishing the equivalence of P and NP. This work is an expansion and refinement of the article "Note for the P versus NP problem", published in IPI Letters.
FRW Cosmology with Chiral Tensor Particles
Authors: Kirilova Daniela Petrova , Chizhov Emanuil Mihailov , Chizhov Mihail Vladimirovich
Published: November 2024

We discuss an extended model of FRW cosmology with additional chiral tensor particles. We discuss the influence of these particles on the expansion rate of the Universe, their direct interactions with the constituents of the early Universe plasma, we determine their cosmological place and derive updated cosmological constraints on their interaction strength.
Design and Analysis of Additional Tendon Path for Determining Bending Shape in Hyper-Redundant Manipulator with Rolling Joints
Authors: Kim Hansoul
Published: November 2024

Flexible surgical robots are emerging as advanced tools for minimally invasive surgeries, offering greater versatility compared to traditional rigid robots. Unlike commercial endoscopes, the overtube should remain fixed to maintain stability, ensure a clear field of view, and allow surgical tools to perform tasks efficiently. While constant curvature bending of the overtube is sufficient for some lesions, certain lesions require the overtube to bend into specific shapes to achieve appropriate positioning. Various methods for creating different bending shapes have been proposed in previous research, typically involving connecting multiple segments. However, this approach complicates control and reduces both space and cost efficiency. This study proposed a conceptual method for adding a shaping tendon to control the bending shape and mathematically analyzed the effect of this shaping tendon, inserted along an arbitrary path in addition to the main driving tendons for constant curvature bending, on the bending shape of the hyper-redundant manipulator with rolling joints. The overall system was modeled and analyzed from an energy perspective, and the validity of the proposed mathematical modeling was verified through comparison with results obtained from physical experiments. In addition, it was identified that the design parameter determining the tendon path is significant element in defining bending shape of the overtube.
Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Conjugate Harang Discontinuity and Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) Phenomena Observed by Multipoint Satellites
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C.
Published: November 2024

It is well understood that near midnight, the Harang Discontinuity separates the auroral duskside eastward electrojet (EEJ) and dawnside westward electrojet (WEJ) and associated plasma flows driven by enhanced magnetospheric convections via Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (M-I) coupling. There are conflicting reports regarding the significance of Region1 (R1) and R2 currents and the enhancement of Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) in the Harang region. We investigate the M-I conjugate Harang and SAPS phenomena using multipoint satellite observations. Results show the inner-magnetosphere (1) Harang region at midnight between the plasmapause and the closed/open field line boundary and (2) strong SAPS electric field (EX≈30 mV/m; in magnitude) in a fast-time voltage generator (VGFT) near the plasmapause, and the topside-ionosphere (3) Harang Discontinuity with R1 and R2 currents flown along, and (4) enhanced SAPS flow (~1,800 m/s) in the underlying VGFT system requiring no R2 currents. From these (1-4) findings we conclude (i) the significance of both R1 and R2 currents in the observed M-I conjugate Harang phenomenon’s development, (ii) the different development of the reversing EEJ-WEJ compared to the regular auroral EEJ and WEJ in the topside-ionosphere R1-R2 system, and (iii) the R2 currents’ absence in the enhanced SAPS flow newly formed in the VGFT system.
The Effect of Free Weight Resistance Training on Cognitive Function Explored Through Eye Tracking: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Mateluna-Núñez Cristián , Ibáñez-Orellana Romualdo , Campos-Rojas César , Santana-Covarrubias Andrea , Fuentes Figueroa Rodrigo , Martínez-Flores Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have reported important benefits of Resistance Training (RT) in cognitive function; however, there are certain aspects concerning the study of this relation between RT and cognition that still remain unexplored. Some of these aspects encompass populations, programming parameters, and outcome measures. Our interest is unveiling the potential benefits of RT on cognitive function among healthy young adults engaged in complex cognitive tasks, shedding light on RT's impact on cognitive processing through innovative methodology like Eye Tracking. Hence, this study aims to explore the impact of chronic RT, specifically with free weights (FW), on cognitive function among healthy young adults, employing Eye Tracking (ET) technology. We adopted an experimental design including both experimental and control groups. Participants (18) were randomly assigned to either group. The experimental group engaged in a 10-week program of free weight strength training. Cognitive function was operationalized as written text processing and assessed through ET metrics (including First Pass Reading Times and Total Reading Times). The results show significant improvements in eye-tracking measures: Total Reading Times and First Pass Reading Times. These improvements can be attributed to RT, as it has been shown to enhance executive functions, which in turn influence reading performance.
Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis
Authors: Ashirbekov Yeldar , Khamitova Nazgul , Satken Kantemir , Abaildayev Arman , Pinskiy Ilya , Yeleussizov Askar , Yegenova Laura , Kairanbayeva Anargul , Kadirshe Danara , Utegenova Gulzhakhan , Jainakbayev Nurlan , Sharipov Kamalidin
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The differential diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC) is often challenging due to similar clinicopathological presentations when bacterial shedding is negative, which can lead to delays in treatment. In this study, we tested the potential of plasma-circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) for the early and differential diagnosis of TB and LC. Methods: We conducted a two-phase study: profiling 188 miRNAs in pooled plasma samples and validating 14 selected miRNAs in individual plasma samples from 68 LC patients, 38 pulmonary TB patients, and 41 healthy controls. Results: Twelve miRNAs were significantly elevated in LC patients compared to controls and TB patients, while two miRNAs were significantly elevated in TB patients compared to controls. ROC analysis demonstrated that miR-130b-3p, miR-1-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-200a-3p had good discriminatory ability to distinguish LC patients (including those with stage I tumours) from healthy individuals and miR-130b-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-18b-5p effectively distinguished LC patients (including those with stage I tumours) from TB patients. Additionally, miR-18b-5p showed good discriminatory ability between SCLC and NSCLC patients. Conclusions: Circulating miRNAs hold strong potential for the early detection of LC and for distinguishing LC from TB.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Alatawi Ibtisam , Xiong Haizheng , Alkabkabi Hanan , Chiwina Kenani , Luo Qun , Ling Kai-Shu , Qu Yuejun , Du Renjie , Shi Ainong
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to determine gene pool structure in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) along with the relationships of populations in different regions. To do so, it leveraged 276 diverse cultivated accessions representing 35 countries, obtained via the USDA-GRIN tomato germplasm collection. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these accessions were detected by sequencing, and genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogenetic relationships were estimated from the SNP alleles. The results of model-based ancestry analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and principal component analysis supported these accessions as representing three well-differentiated genetic populations. Phylogenetic analyses traced the accessions back to their regions of origin, highlighting Central and South America as the primary center of domestication, with secondary centers in Europe and North America. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic variation in and relationships among cultivated tomato genotypes. The findings are of benefit to curators, researchers, and breeders in understanding, utilizing, conserving, and managing the collection, and in thereby contributing more efficiently to international tomato research.
The Influence of Biogeographic Diversity, Climate and Wildlife on Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia
Authors: Bjedov Linda , Bago Josip , Vucelja Marko , Tomljanović Kristijan , Cetinić Balent Nataša , Margaletić Josip , Đaković Rode Oktavija
Published: November 2024

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most significant arboviral infection in Croatia. The aim of the study was to analyse and correlate 17-year TBE seroprevalence data with winter temperature, precipitation and wildlife abundance to identify possible patterns that can be predictive of TBE incidence. TBE diagnosis was based on IgM/IgG anti-TBE antibodies and individual clinical interpretation of the results. Of the 19,094 analysed patients, 4.2% had acute TBE, significantly more often in older age (p<0.001) and in men (p<0.001). Overall seroprevalence of TBE among the tested population was 5.8%, and varied annually from 2.8% to 10.7%. The mean acute TBE incidence rate was 1.1 per 100.000 population with significant regional differences: 1.7 in the continental vs. 0.2 and 0.5 in the Mediterranean and Alpine regions, respectively. Particularly high incidence of 3.1 was recorded in northern Croatia. TBE displayed a seasonal pattern, peaking in June and July. Moderate negative correlations were observed between TBE acute cases and winter temperatures from December to February (r=-0.461; p=0.062), relative rodent abundance (r=-0.414; p=0.098) and yearly precipitation from one year before (r=-0.401; p=0.123). Considerable efforts are needed to understand the impact on TBE incidence to improve disease prevention.
MRNA Vaccines and the Potential Risk of Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Yuan Bingyan , Zhou Zhuanghan , Li Tianwang , Huang Zhengping
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The emergence of mRNA vaccines represents a significant advancement in public health by conferring protection against a variety of infectious diseases. However, concerns regarding the potential risk of inducing or exacerbating autoimmune disorders, particularly connective tissue diseases (CTDs), have arisen. This paper explores the mechanisms by which mRNA vaccines may lead to the onset or worsening of CTDs, focusing on the immune responses induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), the interactions between Toll-like receptors 7/8 and 9 (TLR7/8 and TLR9), and the activation of self-reactive B cells. Furthermore, guidelines are suggested for administering vaccines to individuals at elevated risk, such as those with a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test or specific rheumatic disease genes. Our findings underscore the necessity for targeted vaccination strategies that mitigate risks while maintaining public health efficacy.
Mechanisms of Adsorption of Phenoxyalkanoic Herbicides on Fulvic and Humic Acids
Authors: Paszko Tadeusz , Matysiak Joanna , Spadotto Claudio Aparecido , Boguta Patrycja , Skic Kamil
Published: November 2024

Our recent study demonstrated that fulvic and humic acids are the major contributors to the adsorption of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in soils. At very low pH, the neutral forms of these herbicides are bound directly to fulvic and humic acids, whereas at higher pH, their anionic forms are adsorbed mainly via bridges created by Al3+ species. The number of active sorption sites associated with Al3+ species complexed with fulvic acids is pH-dependent, whereas the number of corresponding sites in humic acids is pH-independent. Based on the results of the FTIR analysis, research into adsorption thermodynamics, and molecular modeling, an attempt was made in the present study to explain the adsorption mechanisms of six phenoxyalkanoic herbicides used currently in the European Union on the surfaces of the above fractions of humic substances. The obtained values of standard enthalpy (ΔH0) for the adsorption of the anionic forms of phenoxyalkanoic herbicides on fulvic or humic acids complexed with Al3+ were in the range of physical adsorption, i.e. from -8.4 kJ/mol to -2.9 kJ/mol for the former, and from -5.3 kJ/mol to -2.4 kJ/mol for the latter. The study demonstrated that the neutral forms of phenoxyalkanoic herbicides were bound to humic substances mainly via H-bonds, π-π stacking interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. Al3+ species were complexed with fulvic and humic acids to form outer-sphere complexes. Ternary outer-sphere complexes were also created between the anionic forms of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides and positively charged Al3+ species complexed with fulvic acids. The mechanisms of adsorption on humic acids involved a ligand exchange between a loosely bound hydroxyl group of hydrolyzed Al3+ complexed with this adsorbent and the anionic form of the herbicide. However, in this case, adsorption took place only in the presence of sufficiently strong hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions supported by H-bonds. These findings elucidate why phenoxyalkanoic herbicides are mobile in the soil profile and are often rapidly degraded in soils.
Asymptotic and Probabilistic Perturbation Analysis of Controllable Subspaces
Authors: Angelova Vera Angelova , Konstantinov Mihail , Petkov Petko
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider the sensitivity of the controllable subspaces of single-input linear control systems to small perturbations of the system matrices. The analysis is based on the strict componentwise asymptotic bounds for the matrix of the orthogonal transformation to canonical form, derived by the method of the splitting operators. The asymptotic bounds are used to obtain probabilistic bounds on the angles between perturbed and unperturbed controllable subspaces implementing the Markoff inequality. It is demonstrated that the probability bounds allow to obtain sensitivity estimates which are much tighter than the usual deterministic bounds. The analysis is illustrated by a high order example.