bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projected changes in Antarctic daily temperature in CMIP6 under different warming scenarios during two future periods
Authors: Zhu Jiangping , Xie Aihong , Qin Xiang , Xu Bing , Wang Yicheng
Published: October 2022

Global warming increases the frequency and intensity of climate extremes, but the changes in climate extremes over the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) during different periods are unknown. Changes in surface temperature extreme indices (TN10p, TX10p, TN90p, TX90p, CSDI, WSDI, TNn, TNx, TXn, TXx and DTR) are assessed during 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5, based on the multi-model ensemble mean (MMEM) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The extreme indices, excluding TXn and DTR, illustrate the opposite trend in the two periods in SSP1-2.6 over the AIS. Generally, the changes in extreme indices reflect the continued warming over AIS in the future, and the warming is projected to intensify in SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. The variations in the extreme indices exhibit regional differences. The Antarctic Peninsula displays rapid changes in TNn, TXn and DTR. In SSP5-8.5, the magnitudes of all climate index tendencies are greater during 2071–2100 than 2021–2050. The variations in TX10p, TX90p, TN10p, TN90p, WSDI and CSDI are faster in the Antarctic inland than in the other regions over the AIS. However, the decrease in the DTR is concentrated along the AIS coast and extends to the interior region, whereas the increasing trend occurs in the Antarctic inland. In West AIS, TX90p and TN90p rapidly increase during 2021–2050, whereas the rapid changing signals disappear in this region in 2071–2100. The dramatic changes in TNn, TXn and DTR occur at the Ross Ice Shelf during 2071–2100, indicating an increased risk of collapse. For TNx and TXx, the degree of warming in the later part of the 21st century is divided by the transantarctic mountains, and greater changes appear on the eastern side. Generally, Antarctic amplification of TNn, TXn and DTR is observed except under SSP1-2.6. In addition, TNx and TXx amplifications occur in SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5.
Global translation history
Authors: Roig-Sanz Diana
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to offer theoretical and methodological insights on global approaches applied to literary translation history. I claim that the impact of the global has not been sufficiently addressed in translation studies and that we need to define the global as a necessary condition for new and more inclusive translation histories. The paper reviews the main theoretical perspectives accounting for the study of literary translation history within a sociological approach, including the problems and pitfalls of previous approaches, while presenting a more encompassing conceptual model for the study of global translation flows in an entangled world society. I focus on the entanglements between translation and global history, sociological and globalization theories, as well as digital methods. The paper deals with the analysis of translation flows through the lens of five fundamental concepts: space, time, scale, connectivity, and agency.
Symmetric teleparallel geometries
Authors: Coley A A , van den Hoogen R J , McNutt D D
Published: October 2022

In teleparallel gravity and, in particular, in F(T) teleparallel gravity, there is a challenge in determining an appropriate (co-)frame and its corresponding spin connection to describe the geometry. Very often, the ‘proper’ frame, the frame in which all inertial effects are absent, is not the simplest (e.g, diagonal) (co-)frame. The determination of the frame and its corresponding spin connection for F(T) teleparallel gravity theories when there exist affine symmetries is of much interest. In this paper we present the general form of the coframe and its corresponding spin connection for teleparallel geometries which are invariant under a G
6 group of affine symmetries. The proper coframe and the corresponding F(T) field equations are also shown for these teleparallel Robertson–Walker geometries. Further, with the addition of an additional affine symmetry, it is possible to define a teleparallel de Sitter geometry.
A rotationally invariant approach based on Gutzwiller wave function for correlated electron systems
Authors: Ye Zhuo , Zhang Feng , Fang Yimei , Zhang Han , Wu Shunqing , Lu Wen-Cai , Yao Yong-Xin , Wang Cai-Zhuang , Ho Kai-Ming
Published: October 2022

We introduce a rotationally invariant approach combined with the Gutzwiller conjugate gradient minimization method to study correlated electron systems. In the approach, the Gutzwiller projector is parametrized based on the number of electrons occupying the onsite orbitals instead of the onsite configurations. The approach efficiently groups the onsite orbitals according to their symmetry and greatly reduces the computational complexity, which yields a speedup of

20
∼
50
×

in the minimal basis energy calculation of dimers. The computationally efficient approach promotes more accurate calculations beyond the minimal basis that is inapplicable in the original approach. A large-basis energy calculation of F2 demonstrates favorable agreements with standard quantum-chemical calculations Bytautas et al (2007 J. Chem. Phys.
127 164317)
A novel convolutional network with a self-adaptation high-pass filter for fault diagnosis of wind turbine gearboxes
Authors: Yang Fan , Huang Donghua , Li Dongdong , Zhao Yao , Lin Shunfu , S M Muyeen
Published: October 2022

The fault diagnosis of a wind turbine gearbox is helpful for reducing the operating costs and risks of wind power systems. However, existing machine-learning-based gearbox fault diagnosis methods have two shortcomings: (a) data samples of gearbox faults are always scarce; and (b) due to the complex structure of gearboxes, the collected vibration signals often contain a large amount of low-frequency noise, which is detrimental to both feature extraction and fault diagnosis. To solve the above two problems, a combination of deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs) and a convolutional network with a high-pass filter (CNHF) is proposed in this paper. Among them, the DCGAN combined with one-dimensional (1D) vibration data converted to a grayscale map is used to expand the fault data to solve the problem of a lack of fault data samples. The CNHF is realized by adding an adaptive high-pass filter to the conventional convolutional layer, and the threshold of the high-pass filter is adaptively set by the 1D convolution according to different data characteristics, thus greatly filtering out the interference of low-frequency noise and realizing the accurate diagnosis of faults. Experiments are performed on a drivetrain dynamics simulator rig to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.
Assessment of bubble activity generated by histotripsy combined with echogenic liposomes
Authors: Bhargava Aarushi , Huang Shaoling , McPherson David D , Bader Kenneth B
Published: October 2022

Objective. Histotripsy is a form of focused ultrasound therapy that uses the mechanical activity of bubbles to ablate tissue. While histotripsy alone degrades the cellular content of tissue, recent studies have demonstrated it effectively disrupts the extracellular structure of pathologic conditions such as venous thrombosis when combined with a thrombolytic drug. Rather than relying on standard administration methods, associating thrombolytic drugs with an ultrasound-triggered echogenic liposome vesicle will enable targeted, systemic drug delivery. To date, histotripsy has primarily relied on nano-nuclei inherent to the medium for bubble cloud generation, and microbubbles associated with echogenic liposomes may alter the histotripsy bubble dynamics. The objective of this work was to investigate the interaction of histotripsy pulse with echogenic liposomes. Approach. Bubble clouds were generated using a focused source in an in vitro model of venous flow. Acoustic emissions generated during the insonation were passively acquired to assess the mechanical activity of the bubble cloud. High frame rate, pulse inversion imaging was used to track the change in echogenicity of the liposomes following histotripsy exposure. Main results. For peak negative pressures less than 20 MPa, acoustic emissions indicative of stable and inertial bubble activity were observed. As the peak negative pressure of the histotripsy excitation increased, harmonics of the excitation were observed in OFP t-ELIP solutions and plasma alone. Additional observations with high frame rate imaging indicated a transition of bubble behavior as the pulse pressure transitioned to shock wave formation. Significance. These observations suggest that a complex interaction between histotripsy pulses and echogenic liposomes that may be exploited for combination treatment approaches.
Prediction of ICRF minority heating schemes for JET D–T experiments
Authors: Gallart D , Mantsinen M J , Manyer J , Planas E , Taylor D M A , Garcia J , Frigione D , Garzotti L , Kim Hyun-Tae , Nocente M , Rimini F , Van Eester D
Published: October 2022

Achieving high-performance conditions and maximizing the fusion yield of plasma discharges have been one of the main goals of recent Joint European Torus (JET) campaigns in preparation for its second deuterium–tritium (D–T) campaign. The simulations shown in this work delve into the role of external heating using neutral beam injection (NBI) and radio-frequency waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) in order to optimise high fusion performance in the JET tokamak. A baseline discharge with record neutron rate is used as a reference in order to perform a D–T prediction, which considers the NBI+RF synergy. In this work, our focus is on JET’s two main minority schemes, H and 3He. This study tackles the heating mechanisms by which these schemes reach high-performance conditions. The H scheme typically boosts the ICRF fusion enhancement through the second D harmonic heating, whereas 3He minority is characterised by its strong bulk ion heating. Both features are beneficial for increasing the fusion yield. Nevertheless, the minority concentration is a relevant parameter, which needs to be assessed to understand in which concentration ranges the benefits of each particular minority scheme are met. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to assess in which concentration range the ICRF fusion enhancement and bulk ion heating are optimal, for H and 3He, respectively. Under these conditions, our prediction suggests 3He concentration should stay above 1.2% and H should remain below 2.2%.
Accretion and Host-Galaxy Properties of 14 New “Changing-Look” Active Galactic Nuclei Identified from the SDSS-V Survey
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Dawei , Bai Jianying , Brink T. G. , Gao Cheng , Zheng Weikang , Filippenko Alex. V. , Wei Jianyan
Published: October 2022

The widely accepted active galactic nucleus (AGN) paradigm has been recently challenged by the discovery of the so-called ``changing-look'' (CL) phenomenon characterized by spectral-type transitions. By comparing the SDSS-V and SDSS DR16 spectroscopic datasets, here we report the identification of 14 new CL-AGNs (redshift $z<0.5$) exhibiting spectral-type changes on a timescale of $\sim 10$\,yr. Follow-up spectroscopy was conducted with the Lick Shane 3\,m and Keck 10\,m telescopes for three of the objects. Detailed analysis of these spectra enables us to arrive at the following two main results. (1) By compiling a sample of 65 CL-AGNs with good measurements, we reinforce the previous claim that CL-AGNs tend to be biased against both a high Eddington ratio ($\lesssim 0.1$) and a high bolometric luminosity ($\lesssim 10^{46}\,\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$). This bias suggests that the disk-wind broad-line-region model is a plausible explanation of the CL phenomenon. (2) The host galaxies of CL-AGNs tend to be dominated by intermediate stellar populations, which motivates us to propose that CL-AGNs are probably particular AGNs at a special evolutionary stage, such as a transition stage from ``feast'' to ``famine'' fueling of the supermassive black hole. In addition, with our spectra, we identify SDSS\,J025951.22+003744.2 as a new repeat CL narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy with a rapid ``turn-on'' timescale of $\sim 1$\,yr.
Construction and testing of sMDT tubes at the University of Michigan for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade
Authors: Wei C. , Chen A. , Amidei D. , Anderson N. , Carpenter E. , Cooperrider L. , Dai T. , Diehl E. , Ferretti C. , Li J. , Lugato P. , Minnella J. , Moskaitis S. , Nelson K. , Pillsbury V. , Salzer E. , Simpson L. , Wang Z.C. , Wang Z.R. , Weaverdyck C. , Yang Z. , Zhou B.
Published: October 2022

This paper reports on the design and construction of
infrastructure and test stations for small-diameter monitored drift
tube (sMDT) assembly and testing at the University of Michigan (UM)
to prepare for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade for the
high-luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider. Procedures of
the tube assembly and quality assurance and control (QA/QC) tests
are described in detail. More than 99% of the tubes meet the tube
QA/QC specifications based on 2100 tubes built at UM. The UM test
stations are also used for QA/QC testing on the tubes constructed at
Michigan State University. These tubes are being used to construct
the sMDT chambers which will replace the current MDT chambers of the
barrel inner station of the Muon Spectrometer.
A CdZnTe-based high-resolution gamma spectrometer for in-situ measurement in the marine environment
Authors: Zhou Z. , Feng C. , Zhao M. , Wang X. , Li L. , Jiang Z. , Wang Y. , Yuan J. , Cao P. , An Q.
Published: October 2022

In-situ radiation measurement and radionuclide
identification in the ocean provide essential information for seabed
geological and marine ecological exploration. In this work, a
small-sized CdZnTe-based gamma spectrometer with high energy
resolution was designed for automatic in-situ radioactivity
measurement in the marine environment down to a depth of
4500 m. Four 10 × 10 × 5 mm3 CdZnTe detectors were
used, and their energy spectra were combined to improve the
detection efficiency. Instead of multi-stage analog circuits,
digital processing methods such as digital filter, trigger, and
energy calculation were implemented in the readout electronics to
improve compactness and reduce the power consumption of the
spectrometer. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to estimate
the gamma attenuation through the waterproof shell and the marine
efficiency of the spectrometer. Several gamma sources and samples
were used to evaluate the nuclide identification capability of the
spectrometer. The resolution (FWHM) of the spectrometer was 1.8% at
662 keV at room temperature and improved to 1.5% at about
3°C, which is close to the ambient temperature in the
ocean. The spectrometer was tested under a pressure of up to 58 MPa
and was used for marine measurement at a depth of 1418 m in the
South China Sea. The radioactivity of the subsea region is higher
than that of seawater, where thorium daughters, radon daughters, and
^40K were identified in the spectrum result.
Managing forest carbon and landscape capacities
Authors: Boisvenue Céline , Paradis Gregory , Eddy Ian M S , McIntire Eliot J B , Chubaty Alex M
Published: October 2022

Widespread impacts of a warming planet are fuelling climate change mitigation efforts world-wide. Decision makers are turning to forests, the largest terrestrial primary producer, as a nature-based contribution to mitigation efforts. Resource-based economies, however, have yet to include carbon (C) in their resource planning, slowing the implementation of these important measures for atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction. The realisation of forest mitigation potential depends greatly on our ability to integrate C-sequestration practices in our forest management applications. This requires robust C-estimates, an understanding of the natural potential for a specific landscape to sequester C, the current state of the landscape relative to this potential, and the evaluation of management practices as a tool to sequester forest C in the midst of all the other values forests offer humans. Discrepancies between models used in management decisions and C estimation are the first hurdle impeding the application of forest-based mitigation strategies. Here, we combine forest disturbance and management models with a well-established C model on an open-source simulation platform. We then use the modelling system to produce C estimates of the natural C-holding capacity (potential) and two management scenarios for a study area in BC, Canada. Our simulations provide an essential metric if forests are to be managed for C-sequestration: the natural landscape C-holding capacity. Our simulations also point to a decreasing trend in simulated C on the study area over time and to a bias of the current C-levels compared to the landscape C-holding capacity (477 vs 405.5 MtC). Our explanations for this bias may provide an avenue for improved current C-state estimates. We provide a framework and the information needed for the implementation of nature-based solutions using forests for climate change mitigation. This study is a step towards modelling systems that can unify scientifically based forest management and informed C-management.
Thermodynamic and topological properties of copolymer rings with a segregation/mixing transition
Authors: Janse van Rensburg E J , Orlandini E , Tesi M C , Whittington S G
Published: October 2022

Two ring polymers close to each other in space may be either in a segregated phase if there is a strong repulsion between monomers in the polymers, or intermingle in a mixed phase if there is a strong attractive force between the monomers. These phases are separated by a critical point which has a θ-point character. The metric and topological properties of the ring polymers depend on the phase, and may change abruptly at the critical point. In this paper we examine the thermodynamics and linking of two ring polymers close in space in both the segregated and mixed phases using a cubic lattice model of two polygons interacting with each other. Our results show that the probability of linking is low in the segregated phase, but that it increases through the critical point as the model is taken into the mixed phase. We also examine the metric and thermodynamic properties of the model, with focus on how the averaged measures of topological complexity are related to these properties.
Laser-assisted ablation and plasma formation of titanium explored by LIBS, QCM, optical microscopy and SEM analyses along with mechanical modifications under different pressures of Ar and Ne
Authors: RIAZ Maryam , BASHIR Shazia , HAYAT Asma , NAZ Zarish
Published: October 2022

This study deals with the investigation of Nd:YAG laser-assisted ablation and plasma formation of Ti at irradiance of 0.85 GW cm−2under Ar and Ne environment at various pressures ranging from 10–120 Torr. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is used to evaluate plasma parameters, whereas quartz crystal microbalance is used for ablation yield measurements. The crater depth is evaluated by optical microscopy. The surface features are explored by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and the micro-hardness is measured by a Vickers hardness tester. It is observed that the plasma parameters are higher in Ar than in Ne, and are strongly correlated with the ablation yield, ablation depth, surface features and hardness of laser-ablated Ti. These parameters increase with increasing the pressure of environmental gases, attain their maxima at 40 Torr for Ar and at 60 Torr for Ne. Afterwards, they show a decreasing trend up till a maximum pressure of 120 Torr. The maximum value of the electron temperature (Te) is 5480 K, number density (ne) is1.46×1018cm−3,ablation depth is184μm,ablation yield is3.9×1015atoms/pulse and hardness is 300 HV in the case of Ar atmosphere. SEM analysis reveals the growth of surface features, such as cones, ridges and pores, whose appearance is more distinct in Ar than Ne and is attributed to temperature, pressure and density gradients along with recoil pressure of the Ti plasma.
Rights, Duties and the Common Good: How the Finnis-Fortin Debate Helps Us Think More Clearly About Abortion Today
Authors: Bachiochi Erika
Published: October 2022

Forty years ago, Fr. Ernest Fortin reviewed Natural Law and Natural Rights for the Review of Politics. In 2015, John Finnis published a lengthy response to Fortin’s review calling it “one of the most, and most enduringly, influential” reviews his book had ever received. The present article revisits Fortin’s review—situating it in his trenchant critique of modern rights theories more broadly—so as to better understand his disagreement with Finnis about the relationship between duties and rights. Though I will suggest that some of their debate was methodological, and some based on misunderstandings Fortin had of Finnis’s project, dissecting the debate in its entirety can teach much about the proper relationship between duties and rights, and the relationship of both to the common good. I argue it can also help us think more clearly about the fraught issue of abortion today.
Auricle Chondroma Excision With Contralateral Conchal Graft Reconstruction
Authors: Elzahabi Mahmoud , Alwafi Hebah
Published: October 2022

Extraskeletal or soft-tissue chondroma is a rare benign, slow-growing cartilaginous tumor that originates in the soft tissues but does not invade the surrounding tissue or organs. The tumor is most often found in the hand or foot, but other sites have also been reported. In this presenting case, the authors report a rare case of a patient with chondroma that developed in the auricle, which was treated with cartilage excision and reconstructed with a contralateral conchal graft.

Level of Evidence: 5
GTDB-Tk v2: memory friendly classification with the genome taxonomy database
Authors: Chaumeil Pierre-Alain , Mussig Aaron J , Hugenholtz Philip , Parks Donovan H
Published: October 2022

The Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) and associated taxonomic classification toolkit (GTDB-Tk) have been widely adopted by the microbiology community. However, the growing size of the GTDB bacterial reference tree has resulted in GTDB-Tk requiring substantial amounts of memory (∼320 GB) which limits its adoption and ease of use. Here, we present an update to GTDB-Tk that uses a divide-and-conquer approach where user genomes are initially placed into a bacterial reference tree with family-level representatives followed by placement into an appropriate class-level subtree comprising species representatives. This substantially reduces the memory requirements of GTDB-Tk while having minimal impact on classification.

Availability and implementation

GTDB-Tk is implemented in Python and licenced under the GNU General Public Licence v3.0. Source code and documentation are available at: https://github.com/ecogenomics/gtdbtk.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Are phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors potential therapies for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias?
Authors: Newby Danielle
Published: October 2022

This scientific commentary refers to ‘No association between initiation of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia: results from the Drug Repurposing for Effective Alzheimer’s Medicines (DREAM) study’ by Desai et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac247)
Retrieval flexibility links to creativity: evidence from computational linguistic measure
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Zhuang Kaixiang , Sun Jiangzhou , Liu Cheng , Fan Li , Wang Xueyang , Gu Jing , Qiu Jiang
Published: October 2022

Creativity, the ability to generate original and valuable products, has long been linked to semantic retrieval processes. The associative theory of creativity posits flexible retrieval ability as an important basis for creative idea generation. However, there is insufficient research on how flexible memory retrieval acts on creative activities. This study aimed to capture different dynamic aspects of retrieval processes and examine the behavioral and neural associations between retrieval flexibility and creativity. We developed 5 metrics to quantify retrieval flexibility based on previous studies, which confirmed the important role of creativity. Our findings showed that retrieval flexibility was positively correlated with multiple creativity-related behavior constructs and can promote distinct search patterns in different creative groups. Moreover, high flexibility was associated with the lifetime of a specific brain state during rest, characterized by interactions among large-scale cognitive brain systems. The flexible functional connectivity within and between default mode, executive control, and salience provides further evidence on brain dynamics of creativity. Retrieval flexibility mediated the links between the lifetime of the related brain state and creativity. This new approach is expected to enhance our knowledge of the role of retrieval flexibility in creativity from a dynamic perspective.
An equivalent source method for removal of attitude-induced responses in drone-towed magnetic scalar gradiometry data
Authors: Petersen Jacob Thejll , Kolster Mick E , Rasmussen Thorkild M , Døssing Arne
Published: October 2022

Drone-towed scalar field gradiometry surveys conducted in windy conditions or under self-excited oscillations generate attitude-induced responses that can hinder the geological interpretation. Here, we present a gradiometric equivalent source method (GESM) to remove these attitude-induced responses by interpolating and continuing the measured gradiometry data to new idealized pseudo-sensor positions free of any attitude deviations. In addition, we present transverse horizontal difference (THD) data from a precisely positioned drone-towed horizontal gradiometry survey collected in Nautanen, northern Sweden. Analysing the Nautanen survey’s positional data revealed that the gradiometer system exhibited directional-dependent yaw deviations with periods of unpredictable attitude deviations. Based on synthetic THD data created using the Nautanen survey’s positional data, these deviations manifest as line-to-line striping and short-wavelength oscillations in the THD maps. Applying GESM to the synthetic THD data removes these attitude-induced THD responses with satisfactory accuracy compared to the true THD values. Furthermore, on the actual THD data collected in Nautanen, applying GESM improved the continuity of anomalies, significantly improving the interpretation of the data. The results suggest that including GESM in the data processing of drone-towed gradiometry surveys, given precise positional information via an onboard GNSS-IMU system, ensures high-quality geological interpretation even in windy conditions or in high-gradient areas.
The essential role of jasmonate signaling in Solanum habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance in tomato grafts
Authors: Wang Lihui , Wu Bo , Chen Guoyu , Chen Hui , Peng Yuquan , Sohail Hamza , Geng Shouyu , Luo Guangbao , Xu Dandi , Ouyang Bo , Bie Zhilong
Published: October 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important vegetables across the world, but cold stress usually affects its yield and quality. The wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites is commonly utilized as rootstock for enhancing resistance against abiotic stresses in cultivated tomato, especially cold resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this research, we confirmed that S. habrochaites rootstock can improve the cold tolerance of cultivated tomato scions, as revealed by growth, physiological, and biochemical indicators. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling indicated significant differences in the scion of homo- and heterografted seedlings, including substantial changes in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling, which were validated by RT–qPCR analysis. S. habrochaites plants had a high basal level of jasmonate, and cold stress caused a greater amount of active JA-isoleucine in S. habrochaites heterografts. Moreover, exogenous JA enhanced while JA inhibitor decreased the cold tolerance of tomato grafts. The JA biosynthesis-defective mutant spr8 also showed increased sensitivity to cold stress. All of these results demonstrated the significance of JA in the cold tolerance of grafted tomato seedlings with S. habrochaites rootstock, suggesting a future direction for the characterization of the natural variation involved in S. habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance.
Designing in Pandemic Context: Scientific Collaboration through the OpenDesign Platform
Authors: Gonçalves Fabrício Matheus , Baranauskas M Cecília C
Published: October 2022

The Coronavirus pandemic and the consequent situation of social isolation have affected research design, especially in fields working directly with people. While online tools enable communication and collaboration, some specific domains involving contemporary technology-based systems, such as socioenactive systems, demand a deeper understanding of human-embodied action in real-world scenarios with ubiquitous technology. This work addresses this issue by presenting a study in which a research team used the OpenDesign Platform (ODP) to conduct a process of ideation and consolidation of a socioenactive-based system solution during pandemics and physical presence limitations. The contributions are twofold: addressing the demands of the research team working remotely and envisaging an interaction scenario for people in a socioenactive system, even without their copresence in the same physical space. Results have shown the strengths and weaknesses of the ODP and lessons learned towards supporting systems for teamwork in such systems’ ideation context.
Timing and spectral studies of Cen X-3 in multiple luminosity states using AstroSat
Authors: Bachhar Ritesh , Raman Gayathri , Bhalerao Varun , Bhattacharya Dipankar
Published: October 2022

We present the results of timing and spectral analysis of the high-mass X-ray binary pulsar, Cen X-3, with the help of observations carried out using the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter onboard AstroSat. As part of our analysis, we sampled the source properties during four different observation epochs covering two widely different intensity states. We obtain a timing solution and report precise measurements of the spin and orbital parameters corresponding to these observational epochs. The pulse profiles during the two intensity states reveal dramatically varying shapes within a time span of 1 month. We report the detection of one of the lowest measured frequencies of quasi-periodic oscillations at 0.026 ± 0.001 Hz for Cen X-3 during its low-intensity state. We also find correlated periodic and aperiodic noise components in the power density spectra. We further carried out a phase-averaged and a pulse phase-resolved spectral study, where we find that the best-fitting continuum spectrum is well described by an absorbed Comptonization model along with a blackbody. Cen X-3 exhibited the presence of the ∼28 keV cyclotron resonant scattering feature absorption line and a ∼6.6 keV Fe emission line in both the intensity states. Significant variations in the line-forming regions and mode of accretion for Cen X-3 within time spans of a month make Cen X-3 a highly dynamic persistent binary.
New ASKAP radio supernova remnants and candidates in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Bozzetto Luke M , Filipović Miroslav D , Sano H , Alsaberi R Z E , Barnes L A , Bojičić I S , Brose R , Chomiuk L , Crawford E J , Dai S , Ghavam M , Haberl F , Hill T , Hopkins A M , Ingallinera A , Jarrett T , Kavanagh P J , Koribalski B S , Kothes R , Leahy D , Lenc E , Leonidaki I , Maggi P , Maitra C , Matthew C , Payne J L , Pennock C M , Points S , Reid W , Riggi S , Rowell G , Sasaki M , Safi-Harb S , van Loon J Th , Tothill N F H , Urošević D , Zangrandi F
Published: October 2022

We present a new Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) sample of 14 radio supernova remnants (SNR) candidates in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This new sample is a significant increase to the known number of older, larger, and low surface brightness LMC SNRs. We employ a multifrequency search for each object and found possible traces of optical and occasionally X-ray emission in several of these 14 SNR candidates. One of these 14 SNR candidates (MCSNR J0522 – 6543) has multifrequency properties that strongly indicate a bona fide SNR. We also investigate a sample of 20 previously suggested LMC SNR candidates and confirm the SNR nature of MCSNR J0506 – 6815. We detect lower surface brightness SNR candidates which were likely formed by a combination of shock waves and strong stellar winds from massive progenitors (and possibly surrounding OB stars). Some of our new SNR candidates are also found in lower density environments in which SNe type Ia explode inside a previously excavated interstellar medium.
The nova KT Eri Is a recurrent nova with a recurrence time-scale of 40–50 yr
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E , Walter Frederick M , Hounsell Rebekah , Hillman Yael
Published: October 2022

KT Eridani was a very fast nova in 2009 peaking at V  = 5.42 mag. We marshal large data sets of photometry to finally work out the nature of KT Eri. From the TESS light curve, as confirmed with our radial velocity curve, we find an orbital period of 2.61595 d. With our 272 spectral energy distributions from simultaneous BVRIJHK measures, the companion star has a temperature of 6200 ± 500 K. Our century-long average in quiescence has V = 14.5. With the Gaia distance (5110$^{+920}_{-430}$ pc), the absolute magnitude is $M_{V_q}$ = +0.7 ± 0.3. We converted this absolute magnitude (corrected to the disc light alone) to accretion rates, $\dot{M}$, with a full integration of the α-disc model. This $\dot{M}$ is very high at 3.5 × 10−7 M⊙ yr−1. Our search and analysis of archival photographs shows that no eruption occurred from 1928 to 1954 or after 1969. With our analysis of the optical light curve, the X-ray light curve, and the radial velocity curve, we derive a white dwarf mass of 1.25 ± 0.03 M⊙. With the high white dwarf mass and very-high $\dot{M}$, KT Eri must require a short time to accumulate the required mass to trigger the next nova event. Our detailed calculations give a recurrence time-scale of 12 yr with a total range of 5–50 yr. When combined with the archival constraints, we conclude that the recurrence time-scale must be between 40 and 50 yr. So, KT Eri is certainly a recurrent nova, with the prior eruption remaining undiscovered in a solar gap of coverage from 1959 to 1969.
Evolutionary Responses of a Reef-building Coral to Climate Change at the End of the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Zhang Jia , Richards Zoe T , Adam Arne A S , Chan Cheong Xin , Shinzato Chuya , Gilmour James , Thomas Luke , Strugnell Jan M , Miller David J , Cooke Ira
Published: October 2022

Climate change threatens the survival of coral reefs on a global scale, primarily through mass bleaching and mortality as a result of marine heatwaves. While these short-term effects are clear, predicting the fate of coral reefs over the coming century is a major challenge. One way to understand the longer-term effect of rapid climate change is to examine the response of coral populations to past climate shifts. Coastal and shallow-water marine ecosystems such as coral reefs have been reshaped many times by sea-level changes during the Pleistocene, yet few studies have directly linked this with its consequences on population demographics, dispersal, and adaptation. Here we use powerful analytical techniques, afforded by haplotype-phased whole-genomes, to establish such links for the reef-building coral, Acropora digitifera. We show that three genetically distinct populations are present in northwestern Australia, and that their rapid divergence since the last glacial maximum (LGM) can be explained by a combination of founder-effects and restricted gene flow. Signatures of selective sweeps, too strong to be explained by demographic history, are present in all three populations and overlap with genes that show different patterns of functional enrichment between inshore and offshore habitats. In contrast to rapid divergence in the host, we find that photosymbiont communities are largely undifferentiated between corals from all three locations, spanning almost 1000 km, indicating that selection on host genes, and not acquisition of novel symbionts, has been the primary driver of adaptation for this species in northwestern Australia.
Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Coinfection in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Uganda
Authors: Baluku Joseph Baruch , Nakazibwe Bridget , Wasswa Amir , Naloka Joshua , Ntambi Samuel , Waiswa Damalie , Okwir Mark , Nabwana Martin , Bongomin Felix , Katuramu Richard , Nuwagira Edwin , Ntabadde Kauthrah , Katongole Paul , Senyimba Catherine , Andia-Biraro Irene
Published: October 2022

Background

Although a third of people with tuberculosis (TB) are estimated to be coinfected with helminths, the prevalence is largely unknown among people with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). We determined the prevalence of helminth coinfection among people with DR-TB in Uganda.

Methods

In a multicenter, cross-sectional study, eligible Ugandan adults with confirmed DR-TB were consecutively enrolled between July to December 2021 at 4 treatment centers. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Participants underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and blood samples were evaluated for random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, nonfasting lipid profile, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and a complete blood count. Fresh stool samples were evaluated for adult worms, eggs, and larvae using direct microscopy after Kato-Katz concentration techniques.

Results

Of 212 participants, 156 (73.6%) were male, 118 (55.7%) had HIV, and 3 (2.8%) had malaria coinfection. The prevalence of intestinal helminth coinfection was 4.7% (10/212) (95% confidence interval, 2.6%–8.6%). The frequency of helminth infections was Ancylostoma duodenale (n = 4), Schistosoma mansoni (n = 2), Enterobius vermicularis (n = 2), Ascaris lumbricoides (n = 1), and Trichuris trichiura (n = 1).

Conclusions

The prevalence of helminth coinfection was low among people with DR-TB. More studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of helminth/DR-TB coinfection.
Being Cared for in the Context of Crisis: Austerity, COVID-19, and Racialized Politics
Authors: Akhter Shahnaz , Elias Juanita , Rai Shirin M
Published: October 2022

This article presents an investigation into the racialized and gendered dynamics of the intensifying crisis in care for older people in the United Kingdom. Deploying a feminist political economy framework, we reveal how the care crisis is an intersectional crisis of social reproduction worsened by both austerity and COVID-19. We do this through an analysis of a small set of interviews with South Asian older women with care needs, conducted during the first period of UK national lockdown in 2020. This was a pilot study, focusing on the challenges faced in accessing formal and informal care during this period of the pandemic. The experiences, fears, and vulnerabilities that came through in the interviews are located within a broader analysis of the racialized care crisis—one that reveals the long-term harms that austerity, including “austerity Islamophobia,” generated for these older women and their families as they struggled to provide and access un/paid care.
Stretococcus gallolyticus infective endocarditis, a different presentation-a case report
Authors: Oh Ying Zi , Huang Weiliang , Tan Jian Jing
Published: October 2022

We present a case (57-year-old man) of infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus in a patient with incident early-stage colon cancer. Benzylpenicillin treatment was immediately initiated to control bacteremia, and curative cancer resection was conducted 1 week later. The patient was discharged and placed on a 6-week outpatient parenteral anti-biotic therapy program for infective endocarditis but was rehospitalized 2 months later for heart failure. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed multiple large vegetations and perforation of the aortic valve. Valve replacement was conducted successfully, and heart failure was alleviated. This case highlights the dilemma of prioritizing the management of two competing interests, one for heart failure caused by valve regurgitation and the other for early-stage colon cancer with a curative intent. In this case, curative resection of the colon cancer was conducted after reasonable control of the endocarditis. Perforation of the aortic valve and heart failure could have been avoided if valve replacement was conducted first, but at the risk of cancer progression.
Optimization of assisted reproductive technology outcomes in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: updates and unanswered questions
Authors: Fitz Victoria W. , Mahalingaiah Shruthi
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review

Narrative review of recent literature on optimization of assisted reproduction technology outcomes in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Recent findings

The key areas of focus include pre cycle treatment with the goal of cohort synchronization, methods of ovulation suppression and trigger medication. There is no definitive evidence that precycle treatment with combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or progestins improve or negatively impact in vitro fertilization outcomes in patients with PCOS. The reviewed evidence supports consideration of progestins as suppression of premature ovulation in patients with PCOS as an alternative to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist if a freeze all protocol is planned. There is limited prospective evidence in PCOS populations regarding use of a dual trigger using GnRH agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

This review has implications for clinical practice regarding ovarian stimulation protocols for patients with PCOS. We also identified areas of research need including the further exploration of the value of pre cycle COC or progestin use in a PCOS population, also the use of GnRH agonist in combination with hCG in a well defined PCOS population and using GnRH agonist trigger alone as a control.
Influenza Vaccination Receipt in Pediatric Patients With Cancer or Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Yarnall J. Nathan , Mertens Ann , Yee Marianne , Orenstein Evan , Lai Kristina W. , Wasilewski-Masker Karen
Published: October 2022

Background:

Influenza causes greater morbidity in children with cancer or sickle cell disease (SCD). Literature on influenza vaccination receipt for these populations is limited in low-vaccination states. Outpatient interventions improve vaccine receipt but isolated inpatient interventions remain unstudied.

Procedure:

We reviewed influenza vaccine receipt of children with cancer or SCD treated at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta during three influenza seasons. We implemented a clinical decision support intervention during an influenza season and compared influenza vaccine receipt preintervention and postintervention among admitted children.

Results:

The oncology cohort (N=1548, 60% to 62%) and the SCD cohort (N=2549, 61% to 65%) had similar-to-higher vaccination receipt to the United States (58% to 64%, P=0.01 to 0.79) and Georgia (51% to 56%, P<0.01). The intervention did not significantly improve vaccination receipt for admitted children with cancer (40% vs. 56%, P=0.05 to 0.88) or SCD (44% vs. 56%, P=0.01). Regression modeling also found no significant increase in vaccine receipt (hematologic malignancy: 0.8 [0.73 to 0.98], solid tumor: 0.9 [0.80 to 1.90], central nervous system tumor: 0.9 [0.71 to 1.14], SCD: 0.9 [0.85 to 0.99]).

Conclusions:

Children with cancer and SCD have similar-to-greater influenza vaccination receipt compared with Georgia and the United States. An inpatient intervention did not significantly improve influenza vaccine receipt in these patient cohorts. Future studies are needed to identify alternative approaches to improving vaccine receipt in these cohorts.
Radiologic Evaluation of the Fossa Navicularis on Dry Skull: A Comparative CBCT Study
Authors: Adanir Saliha S. , Bahşi Ilhan , Kervancioğlu Piraye , Orhan Mustafa , Aslan Öztürk Elif M. , Yalçin Eda D. , Topsakal Vedat
Published: October 2022

Fossa navicularis (FN) is defined as bony depression that is not always present and is located anterior to the foramen magnum and pharyngeal tubercle on the inferior aspect of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It has been reported that FN can create an infection spread path from the pharynx to the intracranial structures. Therefore, the diagnosis of this variation is important. Although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) diagnostic accuracy has mostly been verified in detection and quantification particularly on human skulls, there is no study comparing morphometric measurements between direct measurement on the skull and CBCT measurement. The main object of this study is to evaluate the presence of FN on dry bones and CBCT images of the same dry skull and to examine the morphometric and morphological features of this formation. Thirty-two random craniums that were made available for this study that did not have any fractures or deformities of the cranial base were examined. The sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, and depth of the FN was measured both directly on dry skulls and radiologically on CBCT images of dry skull. In addition, the shape of FN (SFN) was determined. FN was detected in 10 (31.25%) of 32 craniums examined with both modalities. It was determined that sagittal diameter of the FN, transverse diameter of the FN, depth of the FN, and the shape of FN did not show a statistically significant difference between the 2 measurements. Unlike the literature, FN was investigated on dry bones both directly and in CBCT images in this study. In contrast to previously thought the FN may be smaller according to this findings, and this small variation can be detected with CBCT images. According to this findings, it can be said that morphometric evaluations on CBCT are accurate and reliable, and CBCT is a safe method for clinical diagnosis and treatment.