bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis of S100A2 in pan-cancer and verification in glioma
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhou Qiang , Chen Erhua , Yang Yue , Hu Nan
Published: March 2023

S100A2 (S100 Calcium Binding Protein A2) is one of the 25 members of S100 protein family. S100A2 was involved with suppress tumor invasion and cancer progression. However, there was no pan-cancer analysis of S100A2 reported recently. This study sought to identify the effect of A100A2 on the immunological role and prognosis in pan-cancer. The expression of S100A2 was analyzed in 33 different cancers by using TCGA and GTEx database. The analysis of S100A2 gene expression was performed using the glioma samples from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA)-lower grade glioma and glioblastoma (GBMLGG) cohort. We assessed the association of S100A2 expression with molecular and immune subtypes in pan cancer. Then, we explored the S100A2-bingding proteins, the biological and molecular functions of S100A2, diagnosis and prognosis of S100A2 in pan cancer. Subsequently, based on the pan cancer analysis, we narrowed the focus to the relationship of S100A2 expression with clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression- free interval (PFI) in the GBMLGG. In addition, we analyzed the correlation of S100A2 and immune cells in pan cancer from the TIMER2 database. S100A2 was differently expressed in pan cancer, and it was associated with molecular subtypes and immune subtypes in various cancers. The infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells were associated with S100A2 expression. Pan cancer cox regression analysis showed that S100A2 high expression can cause a poor prognosis. Further investigation showed that the higher expression S100A2 had a worse OS, DSS and PFI in some clinical subgroups of GBMLGG. Our results showed that S100A2 expression was linked to WHO grade, IDH status, gender, age, and histological type of GBMLGG. We also found that the first 50 important genes that positively correlated with S100A2 expression in GBMLGG. In conclusion, our research provides a molecular biomarker for the therapy in GBMLGG.
Plasmon-Stimulated Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Song Zehao , Wind Lukas , Sistani Masiar , Schwingshandl Fabian , Lugstein Alois
Published: March 2023

With the emerging transition from programmed to learning computing, traditional electronic ICs are unlikely to be able to match the massive perceptual data that will need to be processed in real-time. Neuromorphic engineering may surmount the von Neumann bottleneck by creating high-performance hardware for distributed and parallel processing with low power consumption. Nowadays, most of high-efficiency neuromorphic hardware is based on artificial synapsis and neuronal devices, utilizingelectrical or optical platforms and thus correspondingly limited in terms of bandwidth or footprint, respectively. In this work, we introduce a plasmon-stimulated synaptic transistor concept that may combine the high bandwidth of a photonic network with the compactness of electronic circuits. The actual synaptic characteristic, including excitatory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse facilitation, is achieved utilizing charge trapping effects to control the conductivity of a monolithic Al-Ge-Al Schottky barrier field-effect transistor. The population of traps is thereby controlled by hot electrons arising from the non-radiative decay of deliberately applied surface plasmon polariton spikes. The temporal dynamics of the trapping process and thus the plasticity of the synaptic transistor can be set by the geometry and operation mode of the synaptic transistor as well as the intensity and duration of the plasmon spikes.
Compliance to Glycemic Control and Diabetes Dietary Practice among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Hailu Dejene , Zegeye Menen , Desta Derese Tamiru , Getachew Meheret Tena , GebreMichael Mignote
Published: March 2023

Objectives
Dietary control is regarded as one of the cornerstones of diabetes treatment. The lack of information on dietary habits of diabetes patients undersells the significance of these habits in the management of the condition. Therefore, this study examined the food habits and contributing factors of Type 2 diabetic patients in Hawassa City, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia.
Results
Nearly forty-seven percent (46.8%) of the patients had poor knowledge about diabetes. More than half of the respondents (54.5%) were overweight and obese. The levels of dietary practice among 171 (44.2%) type 2 diabetic patients were poor. Very low monthly income [AOR = 4.87; 95% CI :(1.20-19.81], taking insulin regimen [AOR = 2.36; 95% CI :(1.13–4.91)], taking both insulin injection and oral medication [AOR = 11.26; 95% CI: (3.05–41.54)], not getting DM education in hospital [AOR = 2.72; 95% CI :( 1.08–6.85)], despondency [AOR = 3.71; 95% CI:(1.39–9.89), lack of support from family and friends about dietary plan [AOR = 5.64;95% CI (2.66,11.92)], unavailability of fruits and vegetables[AOR = 3.04;95% CI:(1.11–8.34)] were the factors significantly associated with the poor dietary practice.
The synergistic effect of EGCG and conditioned medium derived from WJ-MSCs on androgen receptor and apoptotic signaling pathway in prostate cancer LNCaP cells
Authors: Mohammadi Reihane , Fazeli Zahra , Daraei Azam , Asgari Katayoon
Published: March 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) was known as the second most common cancer in men. Although there were several approaches to treat this disease, the cost and side effects of some approaches have encountered the patients with challenges. Therefore, the design of new therapy methods could be useful in the management of this disease. For this purpose, the synergic effect of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and conditioned medium derived from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were studied on prostate cancer LNCaP cells. In this study, LNCaP cells were treated with different concentrations of EGCG and conditioned medium derived from WJ-MSCs (WJCM). The viability of treated cells was determined by using cell proliferation assay. Then, the expression of androgen receptor (AR and PSA) and apoptotic (BAX, CASP3 and CASP7) pathway genes were defined by Real time PCR. The analysis of the data indicated that the treatment with 400µM EGCG in combination with 50% WJCM (0% FBS) for 72 hours decreased expression of AR and PSA genes as well as the enhanced expression of BAX, CASP3 and CASP7 genes in the LNCaP cells (p<0.05). The obtained results suggested that the combination therapy of EGCG and WJCM had an anticancer effect on LNCaP cells through activation of apoptotic pathway and suppression of androgen receptor pathway.
Glial-Restricted Precursors stimulate endogenous cytogenesis and effectively recover emotional deficits in a model of cytogenesis ablation
Authors: Pinto Luísa , Macedo Joana , Araújo Bruna , Anjo Sandra , Silveira-Rosa Tiago , Patrício Patrícia , Teixeira Fábio , Manadas Bruno , Rodrigues Ana Joao , Lepore Angelo , Salgado António , Gomes Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Adult cytogenesis, the continuous generation of newly-born neurons (neurogenesis) and glial cells (gliogenesis) throughout life, is highly impaired in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), impacting negatively on cognitive and emotional domains. Despite playing a critical role in brain homeostasis, the importance of gliogenesis has been overlooked, both in healthy and diseased states. To examine the role of newly formed glia, we transplanted Glial Restricted Precursors (GRPs) into the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), or injected their secreted factors (secretome), into a previously validated transgenic GFAP-tk rat line, in which cytogenesis is transiently compromised. We explored the long-term effects of both treatments on physiological and behavioral outcomes. Grafted GRPs reversed anxiety-like and depressive-like deficits, while the secretome promoted recovery of only anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, GRPs elicited a recovery of neurogenic and gliogenic levels in the ventral DG, highlighting the unique involvement of these cells in the regulation of brain cytogenesis. Both GRPs and their secretome induced significant alterations in the DG proteome, directly influencing proteins and pathways related to cytogenesis, regulation of neural plasticity and neuronal development. With this work, we demonstrate a valuable and specific contribution of glial progenitors to normalizing gliogenic levels, rescueing neurogenesis and, importantly, promoting recovery of emotional deficits characteristic of disorders such as MDD.
Towards Efficient Structured-grid Triangular Solver on Sunway Many-core Processors
Authors: Li Jianjiang , Liang Jiabi , Xue Wei , Hu Zhengding , Li Lin , Shi Jinliang
Published: March 2023

The sparse triangular solver (SpTRSV) is mostly used for scientific and engineering applications. The structured-grid triangular solver of regular dependencies (STRSV) is a special kind of SpTRSV. Some general SpTRSVs that disregards the regularity of STRSV are unsuitable for STRSV. This paper proposes an efficient parallel algorithm for STRSV on the SW26010 (swStructTRSV). The algorithm makes full use of the fine-grained and low latency communication characteristics of the SW26010 to reduce the waiting time for synchronization, maximizes the regularity of access to improve memory access bandwidth, and achieves overlap between memory access and computation simultaneously. Moreover, the idea of the algorithm can be extended to incomplete LU factorization (ILU factorization) because of consistent dependencies. The experimental results on 1 core group of SW26010 show that swStructTRSV can achieve an average speedup of 30.56 over the sequential version. swStructTRSV on SW26010 achieves solving speedups of 2.2 and 6.3 over the fast STRSV (fSpTRSV) previously implemented on SW26010 and MKL on Intel Xeon Gold 6132, respectively. swStructTRSV significantly outperforms cuSparse on NVIDIA TITAN RTX in terms of overall execution time.
Stabilizing Cobalt-Free Cathodes with Lithium-Stoichiometry Control for Sustainable Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Ke , Barai Pallab , Kahvecioglu Ozge , Pupek Krzysztof , Ge Mingyuan , Ma Lu , Ehrlich Steven , Zhong Hui , Sriniva Venkat , Bai Jianming , Wang Feng
Published: March 2023

Lithium-ion batteries are essential to decarbonizing transportation and power grids, but their reliance on high-cost earth-scarce cobalt in nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) based cathodes raises significant supply chain and sustainability concerns. Despite numerous attempts to address these issues, eliminating Co has remained elusive, yet to be commercially realized because doing so detrimentally affects the layering and cycling stability of NMC cathodes. We report here an alternative solution using Co free high-Ni Li1 xNi0.95Mn0.05O2 (NM9505) with a Li-deficient composite structure that outperforms the stoichiometric layer-structured counterparts. Through correlated synchrotron X-ray characterization and multiscale modeling, we show that Li-deficiency plays a predominant role in hindering crystallization and interparticle fusion during calcination, resulting in intergrown rocksalt and layered phases within the composite. As such, the anisotropic lattice expansion and contraction is suppressed in Li-deficient NM9505 upon cycling, offering 90% first-cycle Coulombic efficiency, 90% capacity retention, and close-to-zero voltage fade for 100 cycles up to 4.4 V. Our findings represent an important step forward in addressing the critical Co-reliance issues, and offer new opportunities for designing high-performing Co-free cathodes for sustainable Li-ion batteries.
Anemia is associated with low bone mass in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yang Hong , Liao Zhongjian , Zhong Junyuan , Chen Xiao
Published: March 2023

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to osteoporosis and anemia. Anemia may be also a risk factor of osteoporosis. However, the association between anemia and bone health in patients with NAFLD has not been well clarified. In this study we showed the association between anemia and bone health in patients with NAFLD. Methods A total of 277 subjects (172 women and 105 men) with NAFLD were included in this study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in L1-L3 veterbral body by computed tomography. Cortical thickness (mm) at the L3 veterbral body was also determined. Hemoglobin (Hgb) was determined in an automatic blood cell counter. Anemia was defined based on Hgb level (< 130 g/L in men and < 120 g/L in women). Results The age of patients with anemia was older than that without anemia. Correlation analysis further displayed that BMD was associated with Hb levels (r = 0.21, p < 0.01). The BMD and cortical thickness of men that had anemia was lower than that with normal Hgb (p < 0.05). The prevalence of osteoporosis in men with anemia was higher than that had normal Hgb (28.6%vs10.7%, p < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that anemia was an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in men (OR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.14–15.60). No association was found between anemia and osteoporosis in women. Conclusion Anemia is associated with risk of osteoporosis in men with NAFLD, but not in women. Treatment of anemia may be helpful for bone health in male patients with NAFLD.
Cost-effectiveness and ecological performance of direct seeding to compose arrangements in biodiverse agroforestry systems
Authors: Lobtchenko J. C. P. , Fernandes S.S.L , Santos M. L.B.M. , Pereira J. G. , Padovan M. P. , Pereira Z. V.
Published: March 2023

Deforestation of primary vegetation and degradation of pastures in Brazil has presented alarming numbers in recent years, which demonstrates the emerging need for environmental recovery strategies such as agroforestry systems (SAFs). Thus, the objective was to adopt a low cost technique such as direct sowing to compose spatial arrangements in SAFs in consortium with different agricultural crops and fertilizers, as well as to evaluate the cost-effectiveness. In the experiment, 23 native species from adjacent fragments were used. The treatments were formed by combining 2 sowing densities (5 and 10), 2 fertilizers (bovine manure and poultry litter), and 2 agricultural crops (watermelon and pumpkin). The seeds were arranged in a planting furrow measuring 2m in length, 10 cm in width and 5 cm in depth, spaced 2m apart and 2m between plots. Each treatment consisted of three repeat, and each repeat with 2 planting furrows. The use of direct seeding is a promising technique to increase species diversity in the composition of spatial arrangements of SAFs, especially if combined with organic fertilization and cultivation of agricultural crops, which has proven to be a profitable alternative to reduce restoration costs, can be completely amortized in a second cycle of cultivars, because until the establishment of the tree canopy of native species, the cultivation of agricultural crops can be a source of income to the farmer and ensure their food security.
Individuals with higher trait self-esteem prefer to use reappraisal, but not suppression: Evidence from functional connectivity analyses
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Dan , Yin Huazhan
Published: March 2023

Individual differences in the regulation of emotion are associated with trait self-esteem (TSE). However, how TSE is linked with emotion regulation at the neural level is still poorly understood. Accordingly, we adopted the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis to identify the neural bases linking TSE with emotion regulation. 234 young adults (44.9% females,Mage= 21.36) were guided to undergo the MRI scans and then complete the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire formed by two dimensions: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Results found that TSE mediated the relationships between the precuneus functional connectivity and different emotion regulation strategies. Specifically, rsFC analysis showed that TSE was positively correlated with rsFC, including right precuneus (rPrcu)-left superior frontal gyrus (lSFG) and left precuneus cortex (lPrcu)-left superior temporal gyrus (lSTG). Further mediation analysis indicated a mediated role of TSE in the link between the two connectivity and cognitive reappraisal. In addition, TSE was positively correlated with rsFC rPrcu-right lateral occipital cortex (rLOC). Further mediation analysis indicated a mediated role of TSE in the link between rPrcu-rLOC and expressive suppression. Overall, we reveal the neurofunctional correlates why people with higher TSE prefer to use cognitive reappraisal rather than expressive suppression.
Performing non-linear anomaly detection analysis using Renyi entropy and ISSA-SVM
Authors: Wu huiyong , Li hongkun , Jin shuchun , Yang tongtong , Zhou ziwei
Published: March 2023

In industrial systems,the signal of rotating machinery is usually non-stationary, non-linear, and with noise interference.To improve the accuracy of anomaly detection analysis and overcome the limitations of optimization methods, This article proposes a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method using Renyi entropy and the integrated sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) with flight strategy for optimizing support vector machines (SVM). Firstly, wavelet packet analysis is used to decompose the original signal, and the optimal frequency band is selected from the decomposed bands for reconstruction. The reconstructed frequency band is then used to calculate the Renyi entropy and form the feature vector, which is input into the sparrow search algorithm with dynamically reverse learning factors for fault diagnosis. This algorithm improves the diversity of the population and the problem of easily getting stuck in local optima of the sparrow search algorithm by initializing the population with a flight strategy and adjusting the step size factor. The improved algorithm is compared with the diagnostic results of grey wolf optimization algorithm, sparrow search algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm, and it is evident that the ISSA-SVM with improved algorithm has faster convergence and higher accuracy.
A computational model for synaptic message transmission
Authors: Xin Houwen , Xin Lizhi , Xin Kevin
Published: March 2023

A computational model incorporating insights from quantum theory is proposed to describe and explain synaptic message transmission. We propose that together, neurotransmitters and their corresponding receptors, function as a physical “quantum decision tree” to “decide” whether to excite or inhibit the synapse. When a neurotransmitter binds to its corresponding receptor, it is the equivalent of randomly choosing different "strategies"; a “strategy" has two actions to take: excite or inhibit the synapse with a certain probability. The genetic programming can be applied for learning the observed data sequence to simulate the synaptic message transmission.
Genetic Evaluations of Dairy Goats With Few Pedigree Data: Different Approaches to Use Molecular Information
Authors: Cardona Samir Julián Calvo , García-Baccino Carolina Andrea , Escobar-Restrepo Carlos Santiago , Cadavid Henry Cardona , Álvarez Juan David Corrales , Duarte José Luis Gualdrón , Rogberg-Muñoz Andres
Published: March 2023

One of the limitations of implementing animal breeding programs in small-scale or extensive production systems is the lack of production records and genealogical records. In this context, molecular markers could help to gain information for the breeding program. This study addresses the inclusion of molecular data into traditional genetic evaluation models as a random effect by molecular pedigree reconstruction and as a fixed effect by Bayesian clustering. The methods were tested for lactation curve traits in 14 dairy goat herds with incomplete phenotypic data and pedigree information. The results showed an increment of 37.3% of the relationships regarding the originals with MOLCOAN and clustering into five genetic groups. Data leads to estimating additive variance, error variance, and heritability with four different models, including pedigree and molecular information. Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) values demonstrate a greater fitting of the models that include molecular information either as fixed (genetic clusters) or as random (molecular matrix) effects. The molecular information of simple markers can complement genetic improvement strategies in populations with little information.
Determinants of SME performance: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Harini Sri , Pranitasari Diah , Said Meldasari , Endri Endri
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of information technology encourages small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to accelerate digital transformation to increase their sustainable competitiveness. However, improved entrepreneurial skills must also support technology readiness to adopt e-commerce. This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial skills and e-commerce, which mediate the factors of technology readiness, top management support, and competitive pressure, on SME performance. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to estimate the research model on data from 520 respondents who actively use e-commerce in their business activities in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires directly to SME. The results showed that entrepreneurial skills and e-commerce adoption positively affect SME performance. Furthermore, technology readiness, top management support, and competitive pressure positively affect e-commerce adoption and have implications for improving SME performance. Finally, this paper provides recommendations for SME managers and practitioners to improve business performance: e.g., they should enhance their entrepreneurial skills and increase e-commerce adoption for operational efficiency.
Extent of Integration of Social Determinants of Health in Clinical Practice in Hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Emmanuel Higenyi
Published: March 2023

The study determined the extent to which health workers in hospitals in Uganda integrate social determinants into clinical practice. This will provide a baseline for improvement interventions and act as a starting point for elucidating the factors influencing the integration of social determinants into clinical practice. This was a multi-method cross-sectional study conducted at 12 hospitals in Uganda. Data was collected between September and November 2021 involving 1042 health workers, 21 key informants, 2119 medical records, and six focus groups. The extent of integration was measured using an eight-item Likert scale for health workers (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.794, inter-item correlation 0.15 to 0.5;) 24-item Likert scale for key informants (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.973, inter-item correlation 0.18 to 0.936), and medical records. The study was approved by the research and ethics committee of Makerere University School of Health Sciences and by the Texila American University Faculty and registered by the National Council of Science and Technology. The aggregate extent of integration was 66%, computed as the average health workers score (66%), key informants score (65%), and medical records score (66%). There were variations across hospitals and social demographics of health workers. The extent of integration of social determinants into clinical practice was successfully determined. Further investigations are required to explain the variations across hospitals. The study did not take into consideration carry-over effects from health workers working in non-hospital healthcare settings. Keywords: Social determinants; Clinical practice; Integration; Factors; Hospitals; Uganda.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines among Students in Zambia - A Case Study of the University of Zambia
Authors: Haakonde Richard
Published: March 2023

Equitable access to safe and efficacious vaccines is essential to the fight against Covid-19. Low vaccine acceptance poses a challenge to controlling the Covid-19 pandemic. Young people are key in the fight against Covid-19, as they are a majority in most African populations. A cross-sectional study was used to assess the knowledge and attitude toward Covid-19 vaccines among university students in Zambia. This study comprised a total of 160 respondents with an average age of 21.0 + 3.6 years, ranging from 18 to 46 years. The study was done between January and February 2022. Random sampling was used for participant enrollment, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Spearman’s Rank Correlation test and Binary Logistic Regression were performed to establish relationships among the study variables. The study revealed a knowledge score of 61.3%, and a Covid-19 vaccine acceptance score of 28.0%. Knowledge was also found to be associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance (p<0.05). Covid-19 vaccine acceptance showed an association with history of having a relative or close friend who had Covid-19 infection (OR=2.041, C.I. 95%, 1.010-4.127; p<0.05), as well as knowledge (OR=1.275, C.I. 95%, 1.045-1.556; p<0.05). The results showed good knowledge of Covid-19 vaccines among students. The attitude was however found to be negative, as indicated by a vaccine acceptance score of 28.0%. Evidence-based health education on the importance of Covid-19 vaccination is needed to counter myths and conspiracy beliefs about the disease to improve vaccine uptake. Keywords: Vaccines; Covid-19; Acceptance; Attitude; Knowledge; Zambia.
Effect of Access to Immunization Information on Vaccine Acceptance amongst Parents/Caregivers Visiting Health Facilities in Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State
Authors: KA Otojareri
Published: March 2023

Globally, vaccines are the most cost-effective medical intervention to prevent death and disease. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of access to immunization information on vaccine acceptance amongst parents/caregivers visiting the major health facilities within Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for this study. The result of the study showed a mean age of respondents was 26.88 years. 96.5% of the respondents were females, 45.5% had no formal education, 30.7% were unemployed, and 35.5% were of Hausa ethnicity. 65.1% of respondents obtain information on routine immunization within 12 months before the study. 54.5% had satisfactory knowledge of immunization, while 71.5% exhibited a favorable attitude toward immunization. The major source of information was health workers. Those who had access to information were more likely to have good knowledge of immunization (X2=127.246, DF=1, p=0.001) and a more favorable attitude towards immunization (X2=14.155, DF=1, p=0.001). This study has demonstrated that access to information on immunization greatly affects the knowledge and, consequently, the attitude of parents toward making a positive decision to accept vaccination. Efforts should be made to understand the content and effect of information sources on knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination by relevant stakeholders involved in the implementation of immunization programs. Keywords: Access to immunization, Access to immunization information, Vaccine acceptance.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Inflammation, Immunonutrition, and Pathogenesis
of COVID-19
Authors: Yu Ligen , Abd Ghani Mohd Khanapi , Aghemo Alessio , Barh Debmalya , Bassetti Matteo , Catena Fausto , Gallo Gaetano , Gholamrezanezhad Ali , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Lal Amos , Sahu Kamal Kant , Saxena Shailendra K. , Elmore Ugo , Rahimi Farid , Robba Chiara , Song Yuanlin , Xia Zhengyuan , Yu Boxuan
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has claimed millions of lives worldwide in the past two years. Fatalities among the elderly with underlying cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and diabetes have particularly been high. A biometrics analysis on author’s keywords was carried out, and searched for possible links between various coronavirus studies over the past 50 years, and integrated them. We found keywords like immune system, immunity, nutrition, malnutrition, micronutrients, exercise, inflammation, and hyperinflammation were highly related to each other. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the human immune system is a multilevel super complex system, which employs multiple strategies to contain microorganism infections and restore homeostasis. It was also found that the behavior of the immune system is not able to be described by a single immunological theory. However, one main strategy is “self-destroy and rebuild”, which consists of a series of inflammatory responses: 1) active self-destruction of damaged/dysfunctional somatic cells; 2) removal of debris and cells; 3) rebuilding tissues. Thus, invading microorganisms’ clearance could be only a passive bystander response to this destroy–rebuild process. Microbial infections could be self-limiting and promoted as an indispensable essential nutrition for the vast number of genes existing in the microorganisms. The transient nutrition surge resulting from the degradation of the self-destroyed cell debris coupled with the existing nutrition state in the patient may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Finally, a possible coping strategies to mitigate COVID-19, including vaccination is also discussed.
Identification of Key Genes in Angiogenesis of Breast and Prostate
Cancers in the Context of Different Cell Types
Authors: Jariani Abbas , Kakroodi Setareh Talebi , Arabfard Masoud , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Rahimi Maryam , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Angiogenesis involves the development of new blood vessels.
Biochemical signals start this process in the body, which is followed by migration,
growth, and differentiation of endothelial cells that line the inside wall of blood vessels.
This process is vital for the growth of cancer cells and tumors.

Materials and Methods:

We started our analysis by composing a list of genes that have a
validated impact in humans with respect to angiogenesis-related phenotypes. Here, we
have investigated the expression patterns of angiogenesis-related genes in the context of
previously published single-cell RNA-Seq data from prostate and breast cancer samples.

Results:

Using a protein-protein interaction network, we showed how different modules
of angiogenesis-related genes are overexpressed in different cell types. In our results,
genes, such as ACKR1, AQP1, and EGR1, showed a strong cell type-dependent overexpression
pattern in the two investigated cancer types, which can potentially be helpful in
the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with prostate and breast cancer.

Conclusion:

Our work demonstrates how different biological processes in distinct cell
types contribute to the angiogenesis process, which can provide clues regarding the potential
application of targeted inhibition of the angiogenesis process.
Pre-clinical Efficacy and Safety Pharmacology of PEGylated
Recombinant Human Endostatin
Authors: Guo Lifang , Hua Linbin , Hu Bin , Wang Jing
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

This study aimed to outline the pre-clinical efficacy and safety
pharmacology of PEGylated recombinant human endostatin (M2ES) according to the
requirements of new drug application.

Methods:

The purity of M2ES was evaluated by using silver staining. Transwell
migration assay was applied to detect the bioactivity of M2ES in vitro. The antitumor
efficacy of M2ES was evaluated in an athymic nude mouse xenograft model of
pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) and gastric cancer (MNK45). BALB/C mice were treated with
different doses of M2ES (6, 12 and 24 mg/kg) intravenously, both autonomic activity and
cooperative sleep were monitored before and after drug administration.

Results:

The apparent molecular weight of M2ES was about 50 kDa, and the purity was
greater than 98%. Compared with the control group, M2ES significantly inhibits human
micro-vascular endothelial cells (HMECs) migration in vitro. Notably, weekly
administration of M2ES showed a significant antitumor efficacy when compared with the
control group. Treatment of M2ES (24mg/kg or below) showed no obvious effect on both
autonomic activity and hypnosis.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the pre-clinical efficacy and safety pharmacology data of
M2ES, M2ES can be authorized to carry out further clinical studies.
Insight of Engineered Nano-based Biologics Approaches used to Combat
Autoimmune Disease using TNF-α & IL Inhibitors
Authors: Patil Darshani , Ajazuddin  , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: March 2023

Autoimmune disease is increasing widely, and the biologicals in autoimmune disease play a vital role in the cure. Biologicals have an affinity to bind the specific target molecule and suppress inflammation. The different biologicals are used to treat various autoimmune diseases by preventing the cytokines from unlocking cells and causing inflammation. Each biologic targets a different cytokine. The common classes of biologic that are used to treat autoimmune disease are i) Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors and ii) Interleukin Inhibitors (IL). Along with bio-logics, nanomedicine has shown to be a successful method for creating customized nanomaterials with the potential to deliver medicinal agents to particular organs or tissues drugs without causing immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory adverse effects. This article reviews biologics used in treating Autoimmune Disease (AD) and the mechanism involved. The examination of current de-velopments that have been made to create innovative nanoparticle-based therapies for autoimmune illnesses and their inclusion in vaccines. Also, recent clinical trials display nanosystem strategies for treating AD.
Integration of Proteomic Data Obtained from the Saliva of Children with
Caries through Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Manuel Guzman-Flores Juan , Martínez-Esquivias Fernando , Sarai Becerra-Ruiz Julieta , Berenice Vázquez-Rodríguez Sandra
Published: March 2023

Background:

Dental caries can affect the expression of salivary proteins. Proteomics allows
us to analyze and identify many proteins in a single sample and experiment; bioinformatics is essential
to analyze proteomic data.

Objective:

This research aims to identify and integrate the main differentially expressed proteins in the
saliva of children with caries, infer their Gene Ontology and interactions, and identify regulatory factors.

Materials and Methods:

We extracted proteins from a bibliographic search in the Scopus and PubMed
databases. We analyzed these proteins with the web application ShinyGO v0.76, ToppGene and NetworkAnalyst
3.0, and the Cytoscape platform.

Results:

In the literature search, we extracted 26 differentially expressed proteins. These proteins
show enrichment in antioxidant activity, antimicrobial response, immune response, and vitamin and
mineral metabolism. We found three transcription factors that regulate most of the genes of these proteins:
TFDP1, SOX13, and BCL6. We also identified three microRNAs that highly restrict the expression
of these proteins: hsa-mir-124-3p, hsa-mir-27a-3p, and hsa-mir-26b-5p. On the other hand, the
main drugs associated with these proteins are potassium persulfate, aluminum, and cadmium.

Conclusion:

The differentially expressed proteins in the saliva of children with dental caries are involved
in metabolic pathways related to folate, selenium, and vitamin B12 metabolism. In addition,
some transcription factors (TFDP1, SOX13, and BCL6) miRNAs (hsa-mir-124-3p, hsa-mir-27a-3p,
and hsa-mir-26b-5p) and chemical compounds (potassium persulfate, aluminum, and cadmium) can
regulate the genes, mRNAs or proteins studied.
Synthesis, Anti-acetylcholinesterase Evaluation, Molecular Docking and
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Novel Psoralen Derivatives
Authors: Hasan Aso Hameed , Yusof Faten Syahira Mohamed , Kamarudin Natasha Amira , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Shakya Sonam , Jamalis Joazaizulfazli
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Seven new psoralen derivatives were synthesised by carbodiimide cou-pling to active carboxylic acid to amide formation in mild reaction conditions.

Methods:

The psoralen derivatives were produced through the condensation of seven different types of amine groups consisting of electron withdrawing groups and electron donating groups.

Results:

All the synthesised compounds were obtained with moderate to high yields. Structural characterization using ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS has confirmed their structure. Moreover, in silico evaluation of the psoralen derivatives against the AChE enzyme was per-formed, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of psoralen derivatives was also conducted.

Conclusion:

Results from molecular docking show the potential of compound 12e as AChE inhib-itors due to its highest binding energy value. It was further supported by the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of compound 12e, which has 91.69% inhibition, comparable to galan-tamine (94.12%). Furthermore, 100 ns run molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to re-fine docking results.
Rosebay Willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium) in Food Products: Evaluation of the Residual Anti-radical Activity of Polyphenol Compounds
and N-acetylcystein
Authors: Gorbachev Victor , Nikitin Igor , Velina Daria , Klokonos Maria , Mutallibzoda Sherzodkhon , Tefikova Svetlana , Orlovtseva Olga , Ivanova Natalia , Posnova Galina , Bychkova Tatyana , Zabalueva Yuliya , Matsikova Olga
Published: March 2023

Background:

The composition of polyphenolic compounds in various parts of the
Rosebay willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium) has been studied in detail and published. A
number of these compounds have sufficient antiradical activity (ARA) to create functional foods
based on extracts from this plant that are preventive against free-radical pathologies in humans.
Part of substances with antiradical activity (e.g., vitamins, polyphenol components) are destroyed
during the technological processing of food raw materials, and the values of ARA drop in the finished
food product concerning the initial values (before and after technical processing) are not
fully evaluated.

Objective:

The object of the study is to study the thermal stability of polyphenol components
possessing ARA (dried at 60°C and 150°C) and evaluate their residual ARA in the finished food
products, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as one of the known antiradical, was used as a reference substance.

Methods:

Spectrophotometric method was used to evaluate the change of ARA in prepared
foods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used as an additional method to
evaluate the difference in the chemical composition of polyphenol components.

Results:

The residual ARA in the finished products (for caramel and bakery products) was ≈
23.9% for rapidly extractable substances, for polyphenol compounds ≈ 46.1%, and for amino acids
and easily hydrolyzable substances ≈ 34.5%.

Conclusion:

Rosebay willowherb extract and N-acetylcysteine are recommended for increasing
the ARA (between 1.6-4.9 times) of foods with low ARA (confectionery, bread, or other heavily
processed foods) and for diets and diets preventive of free-radical pathologies by adding polyphenolic
plant components and cysteine derivatives.
Prospective Role of Leptin Receptor Gene and its Polymorphisms on the
Onset of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Vanamala Keerthi , Medithi Srujana
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Leptin hormone is produced by adipose tissue and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) influences leptin's free bioavailability. Obese individuals have unusually elevated leptin levels. Obesity influences insulin and other hormone levels and is a key risk factor for developing polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and mutations such as rs2025804 and G2548A (rs7799039). PCOS is a hormonal condition that affects females of reproductive age primarily. Although there is no known cause of PCOS, studies have linked it to various factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, and genetics. Till now, research indicates a substantial correlation between leptin and female reproductive hormones, and PCOS. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compile the available data for a better understanding of the link between leptin and its effect on female reproductive hormones and PCOS and to determine whether the leptin receptor polymorphism (LEPR) influences the start of PCOS.

Methods:

Following a review of the relevant papers, it was determined that there is an association between leptin and female reproductive hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), progesterone, and prolactin. It was observed that Gln223Arg (Q223R/rs1137101), Pro1019Pro (A3057G), Lys109Arg (K109R/rs1147100), rs2025804, and G2548A (rs7799039) are the LEPR polymorphisms associated with PCOS. Gln223Arg is the most frequently studied variant in the LEPR gene across populations.

Results:

Interestingly, different groups demonstrated varying relationships between leptin receptor polymorphisms and PCOS, particularly for Gln223Arg, which contains two alleles (G allele and A allele). The G allele was protective against PCOS in the Korean population but increased the frequency of PCOS in countries such as Bahrain, India, Iran, and Iraq. There was no significant difference between PCOS and controls with this polymorphism in places such as China, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Helsinki.

Conclusion:

To summarize, the association between multiple leptin receptor polymorphisms and PCOS is complex and varies by research region. There hasn't been much research done on the gene polymorphism "Gln223Arg" or the other polymorphisms. While certain research findings were notable, each came with its limitations. As a result, additional interventional studies, including precise criteria in bigger and more diverse groups, are required.
Rationale and Development of Tavapadon, a D1/D5-Selective Partial
Dopamine Agonist for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Bezard Erwan , Gray David , Kozak Rouba , Leoni Matthew , Combs Cari , Duvvuri Sridhar
Published: March 2023

Currently, available therapeutics for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) fail to provide
sustained and predictable relief from motor symptoms without significant risk of adverse events
(AEs). While dopaminergic agents, particularly levodopa, may initially provide strong motor control,
this efficacy can vary with disease progression. Patients may suffer from motor fluctuations, including
sudden and unpredictable drop-offs in efficacy. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are often prescribed during
early-stage PD with the expectation they will delay the development of levodopa-associated complications,
but currently available DAs are less effective than levodopa for the treatment of motor symptoms.
Furthermore, both levodopa and DAs are associated with a significant risk of AEs, many of
which can be linked to strong, repeated stimulation of D2/D3 dopamine receptors. Targeting D1/D5
dopamine receptors has been hypothesized to produce strong motor benefits with a reduced risk of
D2/D3-related AEs, but the development of D1-selective agonists has been previously hindered by intolerable
cardiovascular AEs and poor pharmacokinetic properties. There is therefore an unmet need in
PD treatment for therapeutics that provide sustained and predictable efficacy, with strong relief from
motor symptoms and reduced risk of AEs. Partial agonism at D1/D5 has shown promise for providing
relief from motor symptoms, potentially without the AEs associated with D2/D3-selective DAs and
full D1/D5-selective DAs. Tavapadon is a novel oral partial agonist that is highly selective at D1/D5
receptors and could meet these criteria. This review summarizes currently available evidence of
tavapadon’s therapeutic potential for the treatment of early through advanced PD.
Patinformatics Studies on Tomato Plant Disease
Authors: Wagle Shivali Amit , R. Harikrishnan , Volkova Elvira , Tiwari Amit Kumar
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence in agriculture have had excellent
results. This paper aims to discuss the patent perspective of tomato plant disease using artificial intelligence
and discover the global research scenario.

Methodology:

Patent documents from Lens.org were extracted for this study. A total of 4793 patent
documents were analyzed manually. It also provides state-of-the-art patent documents on the readymix
of researchers involved in tomato plant disease. The application used for patent landscape is
MS Excel, PatCite, and Origin.

Results:

The study analyzed the research activities worldwide, top players in the field, and patent
landscape analysis. This article focuses on the different facets of the competitive landscape process
of intellectual property related to tomato plant disease.

Conclusion:

This review familiarizes tomato plant diseases with new and changing trends and convinces
them of the importance of applying for patents to protect their innovation and the industry’s
use of those innovations to promote commercialization.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Erigeron
floribundus (Kunth) Sch. Bip.: A Review
Authors: Tamdem Guetchueng Stephanie , Tiwa Lontsi Axel , Kopa Kowa Theodora , Tchamgoue Joseph , Tsabang Nole , Nnanga Emmanuel Nga
Published: March 2023

:

Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch. Bip. is a reputed medicinal plant widespread all over the
world and used traditionally in the treatment of several diseases and infections such as skin disorders,
malaria, and gastrointestinal infections. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview
of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and toxicological profile of E. floribundus,
and to direct further studies on aspects that have not yet been investigated in order to bring more
scientific data for this plant and then give an opportunity for future exploitation in pharmaceutical industries.
A meticulous and methodical analysis of the literature was conducted using various online scientific
databases and all relevant abstracts and full text articles analyzed and included in the review. A wide
range of traditional uses are cited in the literature with the plant mostly being used in African folk medicine
for the treatment of malaria and skin diseases. Phytochemical investigations of E. floribundus have
resulted in the isolation of several metabolites from different classes including acetylene-derivatives, phenolic
compounds, triterpenoids, and steroids. Extracts and isolates from this species were reported to exhibit
promising antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, the plant has also
demonstrated some toxicological activities and should be used with caution. Reported chemical and
pharmacological investigations of E. floribundus support the traditional uses of this plant which deserves
further attention for antimicrobial drug discovery. The in-depth study should be emphasized the in vitro
and in vivo antimicrobial assessment of its extracts and isolated compounds.
WITHDRAWN: Cardio-Pshyco-Pharmacology: A Review
Authors: Rathnayake Dulaanga , Nishad A. A. Nilanga , Mendis Sepalika
Published: March 2023

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the Corresponding author.

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