bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and serological detection of Rift Valley Fever disease in farm animals in southern Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Hassan Y.A.H. , Ali Alsagher O.
Published: February 2021

In this study, the serological surveillance of Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) in southern Egypt was carried out for 460 serum samples collected from domestic animals (unvaccinated), including cattle, sheep, goat, camel and donkey reared in three different provinces (Qena, Luxor and Aswan). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect RVFV antibodies. The results showed that 97 out of 460 animals were positive by using blocking ELISA. The percentage of RVFV infection in cattle, sheep, goat, camel and donkey was 5.55%, 65.21%, 14.44%, 20.65% and 0%, respectively. Geographical distribution and breeding system were taken into consideration for RVFV infection in these animals. The most prevalent type of infection was identified in intensive breeding farms systems (27.63%), and then in individual breeding systems (11.68%). Qena had a higher infection rate of RVFV (23.55%), in comparison to Aswan and Luxor (20.65% and 14.14%, respectively). Marked seroprevalence recorded in this study indicates a high incidence of infection in sheep (65.21%) and camel (20.65%); this necessitates the application of more effective strategies to control these types of infections in Egypt. This study provides a concise picture about the RVFV disease in southern Egypt. We need more similar studies targeted to clarify the reliable epidemiological status of RVFV disease in southern Egypt and other localities.
Pollicott–Ruelle spectrum and Witten Laplacians
Authors: Dang Nguyen Viet , Rivière Gabriel
Published: February 2021

We study the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues and eigenmodes of the Witten Laplacian on a smooth compact Riemannian manifold without boundary. We show that they converge to the Pollicott–Ruelle spectral data of the corresponding gradient flow acting on appropriate anisotropic Sobolev spaces. As an application of our methods, we also construct a natural family of quasimodes satisfying the Witten–Helffer–Sjöstrand tunneling formulas and the Fukaya conjecture on Witten deformation of the wedge product.
Comparison of DNA Extraction Methods for Metagenomic Sequencing in Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Shin Juhee , Kim Youngback , Shin Seung Gu
Published: February 2021

Objectives:This study was performed to compare three commercial kits for the extraction of genomic DNA from anaerobic digestate for subsequent iSeq 100 sequencing and microbial community analysis.Methods:A full-scale mesophilic biogas plant was sampled, and made into aliquots of identical volumes to extract DNA using three commercial kits: FastDNA spin kit for soil (MP Biomedicals, USA), Exgene stool DNA mini (GeneAll, South Korea) and AccuPrep genomic DNA extraction kit (Bioneer, South Korea). To analyze the microbial communities in the purified DNA, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing (V3-4 region for bacteria and V4-5 region for archaea) was performed on the Illumina iSeq 100 platform. Quality filtered sequence reads were OTU-clustered for taxonomic assignment conducted using the RDP classifier on-line.Results and Discussion:The microbial community structure visualized on the NMDS plot using the weighted UniFrac distance revealed that both bacteria and archaeal communities have phylogenetic differences depending on the DNA extraction kit used. In addition, the abundance of certain microbial populations was significantly different among the DNA extraction methods. For example, Proteobacteria was the least abundant using the soil kit, while this phylum was the most abundant when the stool kit was used. However, in the case of Thermotogae, this tendency was vice versa. The abundance of archaeal genera Methanomethylovorans and Methanosarcina was also affected by DNA extraction methods.Conclusions:The microbial populations analyzed by 16S based sequencing were affected by DNA extraction methods. To compare microbial community changes in the identical set of research, one DNA extraction method should be chosen and used consistently for the whole experiment.
Comparison of Ammonium-oxidizing Bacterial Community Changes in Sludges from a Sewage and a Marine Fish Market Wastewater Treatment Plant During Enrichment Cultivation Under High Saline Conditions
Authors: Kim Jeongmi , Yu Jaecheul , Jeong Soyeon , Kim Yeonju , Bae Hyokwan , Lee Taeho
Published: February 2021

Objectives:It is important to enrich and cultivate ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) in order to successfully treat nitrogen in high saline wastewater using a deammonification process. Two different inocula, a sewage sludge and a fish-market wastewater sludge, were cultivated to enrich AOB and compared the changes of microbial community.
Methods:A sequential batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with the sewage sludge (PN1) enriched AOB under high-strength ammonium condition (500-3,000 mg NH4+-N/L) and then the salt concentration in the medium was gradually increased up to 20 g-NaCl/L. The other SBR seeded with the fish market wastewater sludge (PN2) was operated to enrich AOB directly under 20 g NaCl/L without any acclimation step.
Results and Discussion:Both PN1 and PN2 successfully showed more than 60% of the nitrite accumulation efficiency at a high saline concentration of 20 g NaCl/L. At the level of the phylum, Proteobacteria containing nitrifying microorganisms became dominant in both PN1 and PN2. However, the most dominant bacterial species in PN1 and PN2 were Nitrosomonas eutropha (60.7%) and N. halophila (20.2%), respectively.
Conclusions:Although different results of the most abundant AOB were shown in both sewage sludge and fish-market wastewater sludge conditions, nitritation was successfully developed even with wastewater containing high salinity. Therefore, in this study, both sludges can be applied for inoculation to the PN process for efficiently treating wastewater with high concentration of ammonium and saline.
Burdur İli Acil Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi (2013-2017 Yılları Arası)
Authors: SERT Ali , POLAT Mümin
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amaç Burdur iline ait 2013-2017 yıllarındaki 5 yıllık dönemde verilmiş olan acil sağlık hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesidir Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak planlanan çalışmada vakalar çağrı nedenlerine, ön tanılarına ve sonuçlarına göre incelenmiş olup yaş, değişkenler gibi vb. parametreler 5 yıllık süreçte ayrı ayrı aylara bölünerek incelenmiştir. Bulgular: 112 acil sağlık ekipleri toplamda 44,724 erkek 37,552 kadın olmak üzere 82,276 kişiye hizmet vermiştir. Çağrı nedenlerine göre dağılımı değerlendirildiğinde toplamda 96,956 vakanın 65,207’sini (%67,25) medikal, 14,165’ni (%14,60) trafik kazası oluşturmuştur. Vaka sonuçlarına göre dağılım incelendiğinde 2013 yılında ön tanı almış vaka sayısı 15,695 olup 2017 yılında sonuçlanmış vaka sayısı toplamda 22,130’dur. 2013-2017 yılları ortalama medikal %67,35, trafik kazası %14,45, diğer kazalar %8,84, diğer %4,66, yaralanma %1,60, intihar %1,21, iş kazası %1 şeklinde bulunmuştur. Travma vakaları %18,26, kardiyovasküler sistem vakaları %17,21, psikiyatrik vakalar %7,24, nörolojik vakalar %7,10, solunum sistemi vakaları %6,40, gastrointestinal sistem hastalıkları %4,02 olarak yer almıştır. Sonuç: Ambulans kullanım oranlarında her yıl artış gözlenmiştir. Vakaların özellikle yaz aylarında yükseldiği görülmüştür. Burdur ilinde vaka yerine ulaşım oranları zorlu kış şartlarında bile kentsel vakalarda ortalama %98,75, kırsal vakalarda ortalama %97,32 olduğu görülmüştür. Medikal vakalar (%67,25) ile ilk sırayı almıştır. Bu oran bize acil sağlık hizmetlerinin kazalardan daha çok tıbbi nedenlere yönelik hizmet verdiğini göstermektedir. Önceki yıllarda %76’larda olan gereksiz arama oranı 2017 yılında %62’lere kadar indiği görülmüştür. Acil sağlık hizmeti sunumu için yeni kalite göstergeleri belirlenmeli ve önlem alınması gereken noktalar belirlenerek eylem planları oluşturulmalıdır.
Hemşirelerin Hasta Teslimi İle İlgili Uygulamaları ve Görüşleri
Authors: TUĞRUL Emel , ŞAHBAZ Muazzez
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Hasta teslimi hasta güvenliği çerçevesinde önemli bir yeri olan hemşirelik işlevlerinden biridir. Hasta teslimlerinin yanlış yapılandırılması advers (istenmeyen) olayların sıklığını artırmakta ve bakım kalitesini azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışma, hemşirelerin hasta teslimi ile ilgili uygulama ve görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Analitik- kesitsel tipte olan araştırma, Aydın il merkezinde, Temmuz 2016 - Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında yataklı tedavi hizmeti veren dört hastanede hasta teslimi uygulanan kliniklerde çalışan 347 hemşire ile yapıldı. Çalışma verileri, hemşirelerin demografik ve mesleki bilgilerini, hasta teslimi ile ilgili uygulama ve görüşlerine yönelik soru formu ile toplandı. Araştırmanın verileri; sayı, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin yaş ortalamasının 31.0±9.01 olduğu, %48.1’inin lisans mezunu olup, %61.1’inin 0-12 yıldır görev yaptığı belirlendi. Hemşirelerin %97.1’i hasta teslimlerinin yapılması gerektiğini, %47.8’i hasta tesliminin yatak başında sözel, %41.8’i yatak başında yazılı olması gerektiğini düşündüklerini ve %80.4’ü hasta teslimi sırasında hasta yakınlarının odada bulunmasından rahatsız olduklarını bildirdi. Hemşirelerin %64’ü hasta teslimlerini yatak başında sözel olarak yapıldığını, %79.3’ü günde iki kez hasta teslimi yapıldığını ve ortalama 27-34 dakika sürdüğünü, %66.9’u hasta teslimi için herhangi bir form kullanmadıklarını bildirdi. Hemşirelerin %69.5’i hasta teslimini engelleyen en önemli faktörün iş yoğunluğu olduğunu, %33.7’si hemşireler arasındaki iletişim eksikliğinin bu süreci etkilediğini ve %80.4’ü teslim sırasında hasta yakınlarının ortamda bulunmasından rahatsız olduklarını bildirdi. Hemşireler hasta tesliminde aktarılması gereken bilgilerin hastanın mevcut durumunun ve günlük olarak takip edilmesi gereken bulguları olduğunu düşünmektedir.Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda; hemşirelerin hasta tesliminin yapılması gerektiğini ve yatak başında yapılan hasta tesliminin en etkili hasta teslim biçimi olduğunu düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Hasta teslimlerinin süresinin ve teslim biçimlerinin kliniklere göre farklılık gösterdiği ve hasta tesliminin kaydedildiği yapılandırılmış bir form olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Kadınlarda Serviks Kanserinin Tanısına İlişkin Tutum ve Düzenli Jinekolojik Muayene İlişkisinin Kesitsel Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DURMAZ Seyfi , OZVURMAZ Safiye , ADANA Filiz , KURT Fatma
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma kadınların serviks kanserinin tanısına ilişkin tutumlarını ve ilişkili faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmanın evrenini Aydın İli Çeştepe Aile Sağlığı Merkezine kayıtlı 18 yaş üzeri 2049 kadın, örneklemini ise okuryazar, 18 yaş ve üstü 314 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler, kişisel bilgi formu ve Servikal Kanserin Erken Tanısına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, temel istatistiksel testlerin yanı sıra Student T ve lineer regresyon testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kadınların %26.8’sı düzenli jinekolojik muayene olduğunu, %46.5’i pap smear yaptırdığı, %3.5’i ailede serviks kanseri olduğunu bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 34.9(±10.8)’dur. Serviks Kanserinin Erken Tanısına İlişkin Tutum Ölçek toplam puanı 72.24’tir (±8.36). Ölçeğin Algılanan Duyarlılık Boyut puan ortalaması, çekirdek tipi ailede yaşayanlarda geniş ailede yaşayanlara göre 1.62 (%95 GA:0.27-2.97) puan, ailede serviks kanseri olmayanlarda olanlara göre 2.47 (%95 GA:0.27-4.67) puan, düzenli jinekolojik muayene olmayanlarda olanlara göre 2.17 (%95 GA: 1.21-3.13) puan fazla bulunmuştur. Pap smear deneyimi yaşamamış olanlarda yaşamış olanlara göre Algılanan Engel Boyut puanı 0.58 (%95 GA: 0.00-1.16) puan fazla, Algılanan Yarar Boyut puanı ise 0.69 (%95 GA:0.07-1.30) puan fazla bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Kadınların serviks kanserinin erken tanısına ilişkin tutum puanları ortalama düzeydedir. Kadınlara serviks kanseri tanı yöntemleri, risk faktörleri hakkında sağlık eğitimlerinin verilmesi, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının geliştirilmesi için desteklenmesi ve serviks kanseri hakkında farkındalığın artması sağlanabilir.
Polonya Paradoksu ve Eşikteki Modernleşme
Authors: ÖZTOSUN Oğuz
Published: February 2021

Polonya toplumu, Polonya’nın 10. yüzyılda kuruluşunun hemen ardından Katolik inanışa geçilmesiyle beraber Katolik değer yargılarıyla sarmalanmaya başlamıştır. Bu nedenle, Polonya’daki Katolik kimliğin kökleri Polonya tarihinin kuruluş aşamalarına inilecek kadar derindir. Polonya kültürünün ve toplumsal hayatın ayrılmaz bir parçası olan Katoliklik, tarihsel gelişmelerin sonucu olarak Polonya’da toplumsal sorunlara karşı reaksiyon göstermede en güçlü kurum olma niteliği kazanmıştır. Katolikliğin bu denli güçlü bir konum elde etmesi Polonya’nın uygarlık bölgeleri arasında kalan coğrafi ve kültürel konumuyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Doğu-Batı meselesinde kendisini Batı ilişkileri içinde görme tutumuna sahip Polonya, bu bağı dini ve kültürel olarak Katolik olmakla meşrulaştırır. Ancak modernleşme hareketlerinin Batı’da başladığı şekilde Polonya’da görülmemesi, Polonya’nın Batı’dan uzaklaşmasına neden olan kültürel kopuş sürecini başlatmıştır. Polonya Katolikliğinin toplumsal sorunları çözmede oynadığı anahtar rol, ilerleyen süreçte karşılaşılan benzer toplumsal sorunların ortaya çıkmasına tek başına engel olamamaktadır. Bu durum, paradoksal bir durum ortaya çıkarır. “Polonya paradoksu” olarak kavramlaştırılabilecek bu toplumsal olgu, Polonya’daki devletleşememe sorunu ve dinin sorunların üstesinden gelinmesinde yeterli olamaması gerçeğini doğurmaktadır. Aslında paradoksu besleyen ana neden Polonya’nın modernleşme sorunudur ve Polonya modernleşmesi eşikte kalmaktadır. “Eşikteki modernleşme” olarak ifade edilebilecek olan bu olgu Polonya’nın paradoksal döngüsüne ışık tutmaya yaramaktadır.
The corona crisis as a catalyst for the digital transformation in the sanitary trade?
Authors: Diedrich Marcus , Peplinski Markus
Published: February 2021

The term Work 4.0 is connected with the discussion about the fourth industrial revolution, but focuses on modes of working conditions – not only in the industrial sector but also in the entire working world. The digital transformation is leading to profound changes in business models, organizations and work design. The working world of the future will be more digital, ﬂexible and networked. The corona crisis has shifted the framework conditions with regard to communication both within the company and with customers. Many companies are becoming aware that too little money and time has been invested in digital infrastructure. The aim of this essay is to fnd out to what extent the corona crisis serves as a catalyst for the digital transformation in the specialist sanitary trade. The study carried out for this purpose leads to the result that the use of video conferences and home offces have increased and will also be used more frequently in the future. In contrast, the use of targeted multi-channel measures in the form of virtual showrooms is on the decline.
Consumers´ perception of sustainable retailers
Authors: Jaderna Eva , Volfova Hana
Published: February 2021

Sustainability is a long-term retail trend in many forms. Retailers offer sustainable products, defne strategy of corporate social responsibility, behave sustainable, social responsible in their everyday activities, and help with the environmental education. The paper aims to describe the perception of sustainable concepts in retail by the Czech consumers. A small enterprise, based on sustainable principles, will be introduced as a best practice in retail. Consumers tend to interest in sustainable companies. But, is their confdence and money saving more than sustainable purchasing? Afterwards, the results of a marketing research will be presented and will show the perception of sustainable retailers (zero waste stores) in the Czech Republic. A survey was organized and data from 997 respondents were interpreted. The results describe the differences between respondents in different age, gender, incomes, region of stay, or job. Zero waste stores, or other zero waste concepts are sustainable in their nature. Therefore, the interest in zero waste stores was observed, and interpreted in this paper. Recommendations are focused generally on zero waste principles in retail.
Synthesis of NiO/ZnO Nanoparticles: Application for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Sajjad Bakhtawar , Ali Shaista , Farrukh Muhammad Akhyar
Published: February 2021

NiO/ZnO nanocomposites synthesized by sol-gel method with zinc chloride and nickel nitrate hexahydrate in ethanol used as solvent. Material was characterized by Particle size analyzer, UV-Vis, FTIR, TGA and DSC. NiO/ZnO nanoparticles investigated as a suitable photocatalytic material for the methylene blue degradation i.e. an organic dye under visible light irradiation. The UV–vis absorption spectra of the NiO/ZnO nanoparticles shown peaks in the UV region, corresponding to the band gap of the NiO/ZnO nanoparticles. The band gap of NiO/ZnO nanoparticles is calculated 3.55 eV by Tauc’s plot method. Then UV visible data showed the methylene blue degradation with NiO/ZnO nanoparticles, behaving as active catalyst.
Effect of dietary supplementation of neem oil (Azadirachtaindica) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned rabbits
Authors: R A Oluwafemi , E. O Oluwayinka , J. O Alagbe
Published: February 2021

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of neem oil (Azadirachtaindica) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned rabbits. A total of 50 weaned male cross bred rabbits between 5-6 weeks with an average weight of 565.4g-566.8gwere divided into five dietary groups of ten (10) weaned rabbits each in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments include a control, T1 (basal) diet with no neem oil (NOL), T2, T3, T4 and T5 were fed basal diet supplemented with NOL at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 12 weeks. The data obtained was used to evaluate the growth performance: weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality and nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and ether extract). WG, ADFI, TFI were significantly (P˂0.05) different among the treatments. T5 had the highest weight gain (755.90 g) followed by T4(734.0g), T3(705.90g), T2(705.0g) and T1(621.80g) respectively. Highest mortality was recorded in T1 (2%) followed by T2 (1%), none was recorded in T3, T4 and T5. Neem oil significantly influenced (P˂0.05) all the parameters measured. It could be concluded thatneem oil contains some essential nutrients and bioactive chemicals and could be supplemented in the diet of rabbit at 0.4 % without any deleterious effect on the general performance of the animal.
The Linguistic Markers of Persian Heritage Language Speakers: Evidence from the Classroom
Authors: Moore John , Sadegholvad Elham
Published: February 2021

This paper provides a preliminary sketch of aspects of Heritage Persian – a language that has not received much attention in the heritage language literature. We base our findings on a novel methodology – surveying student errors in order to build a picture of their heritage language. Exams and other assignments from students enrolled in a Heritage Persian course we analyzed to reveal a variety of morphological, syntactic and orthographic differences between Heritage and Standard Persian. Given that heritage language instructors are confronted with these types of errors on a regular basis, we suggest that this methodology is a useful tool for the initial description of a heritage language, particularly when there is little existing literature. Such a description provides a basis for further research.
Spanish as a Heritage Language Assessment: Successes, Failures, Lessons Learned
Authors: MacGregor-Mendoza Patricia
Published: February 2021

From its origins over three decades ago, interest in the field of Spanish as a heritage language (SHL) has grown and has produced a wealth of research. While our understanding of the sociolinguistic profile of Spanish heritage language learners has increased and we have advanced in our knowledge of the linguistic abilities and strategies Spanish heritage language learners bring to bear on specific language tasks, we are just beginning to apply this knowledge in meaningful ways for the purposes of assessment. The present paper describes the evaluation of the efficacy of the Spanish Placement Test (SPT) that has been used for over 15 years to evaluate students initiating their Spanish language study at New Mexico State University (NMSU). The SPT is intended to distinguish between students who would be best served by either the SHL sequence or the Spanish as a Second Language sequence and, further, to suggest which course
within the appropriate sequence would best allow their skills to grow. An examination of the SPT was warranted as the population for which the SPT was originally designed did not appear to match that of NMSU’s population of SHL learners. Additionally, at first glance, the items on the SPT did not appear to be a good fit with the goals of the courses in the SHL sequence. The present paper discusses the findings of our evaluation of the SPT in light of its ability to assess the skills of learners of Spanish as a heritage language and place them accurately in the sequence of SHL courses.
Developing a Placement Exam for Spanish Heritage Language Learners: Item Analysis and Learner Characteristics
Authors: Wilson Damián Vergara
Published: February 2021

This paper illustrates a method of item analysis used to identify discriminating multiple-choice items in placement data. The data come from two rounds of pilots given to both SHL students and Spanish as a Second Language (SSL) students. In the first round, 104 items were administered to 507 students. After discarding poor items, the second round presented 64 items to 330 students. Both graphical and statistical item analyses were employed. Graphical analysis involved an examination of trace-line graphs of each item. A fine-grained statistical analysis was conducted using point-biserial correlation coefficients. Both of these methods were useful and contributed to measure reliability. Different sets of items were selected for each learner group: 31 items for SHL participants and 21 for SSL participants. These items are currently being used in a preliminary online placement exam; after taking a biographical questionnaire, students are piped to either the SHL exam or the SSL exam. Finally, this paper examines characteristics of SHL students found in these data and finds that regional characteristics should be considered in item creation in terms of answer variability and possible distinction between SHL and SSL students.
UTILIZATION OF WATER YAM (Dioscorea alata) AS A SOURCE OF ETHANOL
Authors: Hashimi A.M.
Published: February 2021

Ethanol (C2H5OH) is a primary alcohol which can be produced by fermentation, using any of the sources of carbohydrates such as sugarcane, cassava, grains and yam tubers among others. Production of ethanol fermented from renewable sources for fuel and fuel additives are known as bioethanol. Since the need of bioethanol is increasing, the production of bioethanol must be increased using cheaper and eco friendly raw materials. This study was conducted, using cheaper and eco friendly raw materials; water yam (Dioscorea alata) as alternative sources for ethanol production. The starch that was produced from water yam was hydrolysed into fermentable sugar, using acid hydrolysis. The fermentable sugar was converted into ethanol by fermentation process at pH 4.5 using fermenting brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces calsbergensis). Starch, glucose and ethanol which were obtained were analysed for physicochemical properties. Findings revealed that the starch sample obtained gave a blue-black colouration on addition of few drops of iodine solution. This confirmed that the carbohydrate content was mainly starch. On calculation of viability, findings further showed that water yam is a good raw material for production of ethanol, therefore indigenous production of ethanol obtained from water yam is economically viable and recommended. This will save the country from lot of money spends annually on the importation of ethanol and it can also provide job opportunity for many wandering and unemployed Nigerians.
PRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL FROM PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE AND OLEIC ACID USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH.
Authors: Maryam U, A. , Maspalma G. A , Manu J. M , Hamid M. B
Published: February 2021

In this study, a mixed feed of Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)/ oleic acid was used to produced biodiesel catalyzed by sulfonated carbon. The effect of three process variables i.e. methanol - to –PFAD/oleic acid molar ratio, catalyst loading and reaction time on the yield of biodiesel produced was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). Optimum reaction conditions were obtained at 1:7 methanol- to-PFAD/oleic acid molar ratio, 15 wt.% catalyst loading and 5h reaction time. The predicted biodiesel yield was 96% under the optimal conditions. From the results obtained, it can be deduced that PFAD/ oleic acid has a high potential as an inedible feedstock to produce low cost biodiesel, and the method may be useful for industrial process optimization.
H ALIDE ION AND METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF IRVINGIA GABONESIS AS AN E NHANCED CORROSION INHIBITORY AGENT ON ALUMINIUM IN HCl
Authors: UBANI C.O.L , NWADIRE F.C , IGWE O.U , BILAR A. , AGUNANNE .  A.
Published: February 2021

The in hibitory efficiencies of methanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis and the role of a halide ion as an enhancement on the inhibition of aluminium corrosion in HCl medium were studied at varying acid concentrations of 0.01M , 0.05M, 0.1M und er the influence of 3% NaCl. Result of the studies carried out by weight loss techni que showed that I. gabonensis is highly an efficient inhibitor for the corrosion of al umimium in HCl acid environment and its inhibitory efficiencies increases with respect to the time of exposure.. It was observed from the study that in the absence o f the plant extracts, the weight loss increases rapidly indicating an increase in corrosi on rate from 0.003g to 0.026g as acid concentration was increased from 0.01M to 0.1M . Conversely, when the plant extract was introduced, there were remarkable decrease in weight loss from 0.001g at 0.01M of HCl to 0.021g at 0.1M , showing a decrea se in corrosion of the metal. Experimental data proved that the highest corrosion rates w ere observed at the highest acid strength pointing that at a concentration of 0.1M H Cl, 19% efficiency was attained and a maximum efficiency of 67% was obtained at 0.01MHCl showing a correlation between concentration and inhibition of metal. It was also revealed that the inhibitory efficiency of I. gabonensis in HCl medium was magnif icently increased when a salt of halide ion was introduced showing a weight loss of 0.01g through 0.003g as acid strength increased from 0.01M to 0.1M. This could be attributed to that the fact that halide ion facilitates the adsorption of organic cat ions during metal corrosion by forming intermediate bridges between the metal surface and the positive end of the organic inhibitor and this forms a protective hydrophi lic film on the metal surface which provided a barrier to the dissolution of the metal into the acid medium.
Follicular Tissue Associated with Impacted Lower Third Molars: Revisited
Authors:   HCF Dental Centre, Sydney, Australia, P Dhanrajani
Published: February 2021

Debate concerning the indication for removal of impacted third molars has been ongoing issue in the literature for many years. Justification for and against prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted third molars has lead the growing confusion in the mind of the dental practitioners. The follicles around these teeth has the potential to develop pathological lesions. This paper presents the incidences of pathological finding in cases treated for removal of third molars as a follicullar tissue and a case report of a cyst developing in asymptomatic follicular tissue in a 57-year-old man
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about the Antibiotics Prescription
Authors:   Dental College and Hospital, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Monika Allaudin Khoja , KS Poonacha ,   Dental College and Hospital, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Anshula Deshpande ,   Dental College and Hospital, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Seema Bargale ,   Dental College and Hospital, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Rameshwari Raol ,   Dental College and Hospital, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Parth Joshi ,   Dental College and Hospital, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Published: February 2021

Antibiotics are used for the management of active infectious diseases and/or to prevent the systemic spread of infection.
Training Patient for Definite Treatment with the Pre-Definitive Treatment Prosthesis or the Rehabilitation Device - A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA, Harisha Dewan
Published: February 2021

Severe morphological changes and the reduction of the residual ridge in old denture wearers can pose major challenges like providing optimum retention, stability, support and restoring the lost vertical dimensions in the new dentures. In addition, wearing such dentures with decreased or poor function can impair mastication and lead to harmful effects on the nutritional status of the patients. A rehabilitation device, often called a transitional denture or pre-definitive treatment prosthesis often provides a fine springboard from which to construct the second set of dentures. The present case report describes a method to restore the lost occlusal vertical dimension with a pre-definitive treatment prosthesis using the old complete dentures for a patient for him to adapt to the changes before the fabrication of the new complete dentures.
Comparative Effectiveness of Different Growth Media on Growth, Biomass and Morphology Features of Kinnow Mandarin Seedling
Authors:   University of Agriculture Faisalabad Sub Campus, Burewala, Pakistan, Taqi Raza , Zurriat Hasnain Kazmi ,   University of Agriculture Faisalabad Sub Campus, Burewala, Pakistan, Muhammad Arshad Ullah ,   National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, Iqra Kanwal ,   University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, Shakeel Imran ,   University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, Rizwan Ahmad ,   National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder ,   National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Sub-campus Burewala Vehari during spring 2018 to investigate the most effective growth media for the growth of kinnow Mandarin seedlings along with highest potential of root, shoots, branches and leaves growth. The growing media is crucial for better plant growth and development. Seeds of Kinnow Mandarin were sown in twelve (12) different composite media (made from different proportions of peat moss, coco coir, compost, baggase, and soil) in CRD with three repeats. Data regarding germination of kinnow seeds and seedling quality parameters (Fresh weight, dry weight, seedling length, root shoot ratio, dry matter contents) were recorded during the experiment. The results proved that the peat moss was the most efficient among all the other growing media for producing the maximum number of leaves, shoot length, root length and seedling length while, compost was found to be a most effective medium for maximum seed germination. The composition in 1:1 of baggase + peat moss was most prominent to produce leaves with larger surface areas. Therefore, peat moss is an effective growth media among other growing media for Kinnow production.
Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L (Lam)) Composite Spaghetti has Good Consumer Acceptability and a Significant Source of Dietary Vitamin A
Authors:   Department of Food Science & Technology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana, Richard Atinpoore Atuna , Nyarkoa Deborah ,   Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana, Francis Kweku Amagloh ,   Department of Food Science & Technology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
Published: February 2021

Objective In this study, orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) puree was substituted with wheat flour (48:52%) in the production of spaghetti, herein denoted VitAspag and compared with three existing whole wheat brands (Local, Oba and Spaghetti). Methods Hundred untrained panel list evaluated the colour, taste, stickiness, firmness and overall acceptability using a 5-point hedonic scale. The proximate and β-carotene content of VitAspag was carried out using standard methods and compared with the most preferred existing brand, Spaghetti. Results The sensory scores for all spaghetti brands were above 3, an indication of good consumer acceptability. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference among vitAspag, Local, Oba and Spaghetti with respect to all sensory attributes considered. The moisture, ash and fibre content ranged from 8.90% - 9.50%, 1.15% - 1.20% and 0.42% - 0.62%, respectively. Spaghetti, had a significantly higher protein (2.02% vs. 0.05%; p<0.001) and carbohydrates (81.0% vs. 79.7%; p = 0.024) content compared with VitAspag. VitAspag, was also significantly (p<0.001) higher in β-carotene, almost 1.6 times higher than Spaghetti. A 125 g and 500 g of vitAspag per day will respectively meet 10% and 9.03% of the daily vitamin A requirement of children <5 years (300 µg RAE/day) and pregnant and lactating mothers (1,300 µg RAE/day). Conclusion Ranking VitAspag similar to the existing commercial brand is an indication that consumers will equally accept it. OFSP puree could be composited with wheat flour up to (48:52%) on as is basis to make spaghetti and will contribute to a significant amount of dietary intake of vitamin A.
Development of the logistics system of the economic region “polissya” in the context of the green economy: ecological problems and perspectives
Authors:   National Aviation University, Hryhorak Mariia , Trushkina Nataliia
Published: February 2021

Modern business conditions require the implementation of the financial support mechanism for the transformation of transport and logistics systems using non-traditional sources of funding, including "green" investments. The key instruments of "green" financing for transport infrastructure modernization, which are effectively used in different countries, include: "green" bonds, "green" loans, grants, guarantees, technical assistance, money of "green" investment funds. This paper is devoted to the analyzes of the dynamics of environmental indicators of the regional logistics system taking as an example the economic region "Polissya". On this basis, modern environmental problems of the district's logistics system have been identified. An analysis of the development of world markets for "green" bonds, "green" loans and sustainable investment assets is made. Peculiarities and characteristic features of "green" financing instruments for the development of logistics systems of different levels are considered. As a result of the research it is established that in the Ukrainian realities it is expedient to apply the advanced international experience of realization of the "green" financing of infrastructure projects mechanism in economic areas. This will successfully transform regional logistics systems in the context of the green economy and achieve sustainable development of transport infrastructure.
Conceptual model of floriculture supply chain management
Authors:   National Aviation University, Karpun Olga
Published: February 2021

The flower industry today is a fairly dynamic international industry. Proof of this is the significant growth rates achieved in recent years in this area. Thus transportation of perishable goods is one of the most difficult types of delivery, and transportation of flowers is even more difficult. Because it is necessary not only to strictly adhere to the temperature regime, but also to preserve the appearance of such a demanding cargo. Conducted analysis of the flower industry has shown that market demand is stagnant, while supply is in surplus. In part, this is due to the fact that flowers are highly correlated with income, not being essential commodities. Although on the other hand, consumer demand is becoming more demanding and differentiated. The main factors influencing the market of floriculture products were identified and studied. It was noted that the market of floriculture products in Ukraine is relatively small and young, but promising and growing rapidly. In addition, it is one of the most complex and time-consuming, due to its features. First of all, the floriculture market is represented by a significant number of participants that have different basic and current resources, goals for the market, needs, and so on. Studies have shown that the floriculture industry can suffer huge losses, mainly due to the lack of proper infrastructure for storage and transportation, as well as due to the lack of control over the conditions of supply. Lack of visibility in supply chains leads to quality problems, which leads to product loss, product returns, rising costs, and time delays. In addition, changing consumer demands, an active lifestyle and an open economy are forcing manufacturers and suppliers to produce higher quality goods and constantly look for ways to optimize costs. The proposed conceptual model of floriculture supply chain management will make it possible to form a new infrastructure that will unite all the subjects of the floriculture market into a single system. Thus, we can say that the priority areas of infrastructure development of the floriculture market should be determined in terms of a systematic approach and consist in the interaction of elements of production, intermediary, floristic, design, marketing, financial, information and agricultural components. Each part of the chain must perform its function effectively in order to maintain the optimal conditions of the environment in which the products of floriculture are located, during its supply from the manufacturers to the final consumers. To this end, a combination of innovative technologies that help to manage the supply of floriculture products in real time through the supply chain was proposed. Therefore, in order to satisfy consumers, it is necessary to form an effective supply chain for floriculture products, all parts of which must work in a whole, so that end consumers can get high quality products.
Percutaneous cystolithotripsy in the reconstructed bladder of cloacal exstrophy: A case report
Authors: Hisamatsu Eiji , Koyama Kanae , Yoshino Kaoru
Published: February 2021

Background: Bladder stones are common after bladder augmentation. The management of bladder stones is challenging, especially in patients who underwent complex urinary tract reconstruction.
Case Presentation: We report our experience of percutaneous cystolithotripsy after bladder neck closure, creation of a catheterizable channel, and ileal bladder augmentation in a girl with cloacal exstrophy.
Conclusion: Percutaneous cystolithotripsy is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option for bladder stones after bladder neck closure and the creation of a continent catheterizable channel.
Rice Yield Differentials between IFAD Participating and Non-Participating Farmers in Nigeria’s Niger State
Authors: M.S Sadiq,
Published: February 2021

The research empirically determined rice yield differentials between the IFAD participating and non-participating farmers in Nigeria’s Niger state. A field survey data of 2018 cropping season collected through structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule from 111 participants and 185 non-participants sampled via a multistage sampling technique were used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, profit function and inferential statistics. The empirical findings showed that the participating farmers are efficient in managing their enterprise risk owing to low cost of production and high yield. In addition, the programme had impact on the farmers’ productivity both in the short-run and long-run, thus the reason for the high yield in comparison to their counterparts. Furthermore, the decomposition analysis justified the impact of the programme as structural difference called programme participation accounts for more than 92% variation in the yield of the participating farmers been higher than that of the non-participating farmers, leaving less than 10% to be contributed by resource endowment difference. Therefore, the study advised the participating farmers to increase their insurance coverage and adjust their structural pattern of production as a risk management strategy so as to enhance their chances of breaking even in rice production. In addition, the programme should be broaden to cover the non-treated groups so as to enhance the livelihood and rice food security of the farming households in particular; and that of the rural, state and national economies in general.
Supply-Demand Projection and Gap Analysis for Major Pulses in Assam
Authors: Barman Nabajit
Published: February 2021

Pulses are important constituent in the food basket of people of Assam. The state produces 107.5 thousand tonnes of total pulse from an area of 146.4 thousand hectare with yield rate of 735kg/ha (2016-17). The present production is able to meet only 20 per cent of the present requirement. The major pulses grown in the state are gram, arhar, greengram, lentil, blackgram and pea. A study conducted with the objective of analysing the supply demand gap of pulses in Assam, it was found that there was huge gap in requirement and supply of most of the pulses except black gram and pea and the deficit continues upto 2025, as well. The government has been trying to increase the pulses production with increase area and enhanced yield through various schemes namely NFSM-Pulse. Bringing more pulse area under irrigation, adoption of recommended production technology is expected to increase the yield that might help in bridging the demand supply gap. As blackgram was found to be surplus, the people of Assam should gradually replace lentil with blackgram as dal. Establishment of mini dal processing plant might attract the youth to grow and process pulse and thereby increase the employment opportunity and enhanced production in the state.
On Farm Benefits of the Chickpea in Rajasthan with Reference to Gangour (GNG 1581) Variety
Authors: Kumar Keshav
Published: February 2021

Chickpea (Cicer arientinum) is known in India since ancient times, and In Asia and Europe chickpea is said to be one of the oldest pulses known and cultivated. The On farm Benefits of the chickpea in Rajasthan with reference to Gangour (GNG 1581) variety was evaluated in this study. The evaluation was based on a household survey of chickpea grower in 4 villages of Bikaner District of Rajasthan. To evaluate on farm benefits of the chickpea in Rajasthan with reference to Gangour (GNG 1581) variety the cost of cultivation concept and simple statistical tools were used. Extra revenue generation estimated is ` 760 crores per year in case of Gangour (GNG 1581) variety. Labor productivity was higher for Gangour (GNG 1581) (0. 74q/day), and lower for the local variety (0.44q/day
Farmers Perception on Climate Change and its Impact on Pigeon Pea in Mahabubnagar District of Telangana
Authors: G.P. Sunandini
Published: February 2021

The present study was carried out in the erstwhile Mahabubnagar district of Telangana, the major producer of pigeon pea among pulses, which lies in the rain shadow area of the state and suffers from frequent droughts. The rainfall in the district is fluctuating. Further revealed that about 70 percent of farmers expressed that change in climatic conditions has reduced pigeon pea yield and 28 percent farmers opined that it reduced output and the quality seed, 87 percent are interested in an alternate crop as a coping up mechanism in complete failure of crop. The significant change in climate as per farmer’s perception is the erratic distribution of rainfall with the highest Garrett Score of 76.66, followed by a delay in monsoon,which scored 69.54. The suggestions of the farmers when ranked to face the extreme climate conditions given in the order are,the dissemination of knowledge on contingent crops,loans for second crop and waiver of earlier loans, early settlement of crop insurance, High yielding early duration pigeon pea varieties to escape terminal moisture stress, sufficient quantities of quality seed on subsidy for the second crop in case of failure of crop in initial stages.
Farm Level Technical Efficiency of Paddy Production in Andhra Pradesh: An Empirical Evidence from the Cost of Cultivation Survey Data
Authors: K.S.R. Paul,
Published: February 2021

The study calculated technical efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis technique was employed, one of the non-parametric linear programing techniques to estimate the farm level technical efficiency of paddy production in Andhra Pradesh. This secondary data set contained 541 paddy producing farms/units across Andhra Pradesh state under five agro climatic zones viz North coastal, Godavari, Krishna, Southern and Scarce rainfall zones was studied. The results showed that the overall technical efficiency of the entire sample is 86.8 per cent inferring that about 13 per cent of the potential paddy yield is lost because of technical inefficiency in Andhra Pradesh. The yield gap was found to be 981.10 kg/ha in Godavari zone and a minimum yield gap of 335 kg/ha in North coastal zone with an average yield gap of 663 kg/ha for Andhra Pradesh indicating domestic paddy production could be significantly increased only by improving farmers practices with the current amount of resource they are using. The study suggested that there should be exposure to improved technologies, frequent trainings and experience sharing mechanisms with efficient resource management practices.
Urbanization and its Impact on Production Diversity and Income of Farm Households: An Economic Analysis Across Rural-Urban Interface of Bengaluru
Authors: M.S Udaykumar,
Published: February 2021

The study was conducted in North of Bengaluru with an aim to analyze effect of urbanization on production diversity, farm income and factors influencing the same across the rural-urban interface. The required data was collected randomly from 80 farmers each under rural, transition and urban gradients. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the drivers of farm income. Herfindahl index was employed to capture the extent of production diversification. Results revealed that the rural farmers diversified from food crops to vegetable and flower crops over the years. Whereas, farmers of transition and urban gradients chose to grow high value horticulture crops instead of food crops. During 2019, the extent of diversification was more in transition (0.21) and rural (0.25) gradients compared to urban (0.29) gradient. In rural gradients, the major share of farm income was from cereals (31.79 %) followed by vegetables (28.65 %) and perennials (17.88 %) in 2014 but the major share was replaced by vegetables (28.69 %) and flower crops (19.98) in 2019. In transition and urban gradients, the major source of farm income was from vegetables in 2014 which was later substituted by fruit crops in 2019. Over the period of five years, the percentage increase in average farm income of households was highest in urban gradient (143.07 %) followed by rural (140.15 %) and transition (110.50 %) gradients. Land holding size, education, borrowed capital and investment in farming emerged as the principal determinants of farm income. As a whole, the study concludes that, urbanization led investment on high value crops through crop diversification which played a significant role in augmenting the farm income.