bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Between in situ Prepared Arylzinc Halides and 2‐Chloropyrimidine or 2‐Chloropyrazine.
Authors: Begouin Jeanne‐Marie , Gosmini Corinne
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Allyl Silane Additions to Highly Electrophilic 5,6‐Diyhdro‐2H‐1,4‐oxazinones.
Authors: Shafer Cynthia M. , Pigza Julie , Molinski Tadeusz F.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzothiazines in Synthesis. Further Studies of the Intramolecular, Stereoselective Addition of Sulfonimidoyl Carbanions to α,β‐Unsaturated Functional Groups.
Authors: Harmata Michael , Rayanil Kanok‐on , Espejo Vinson R. , Barnes Charles L.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed ortho‐Borylation of Functionalized Arenes Catalyzed by a Silica‐Supported Compact Phosphine—Iridium System.
Authors: Kawamorita Soichiro , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Hara Kenji , Fukuoka Atsushi , Sawamura Masaya
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Cyclopropyl Ketones with Bis(pinacolato)diboron to Synthesize 4‐Oxoalkylboronates.
Authors: Sumida Yuto , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper NanoCatalyst: Sustainable Phenyl‐Selenylation of Aryl Iodides and Vinyl Bromides in Water under Ligand Free Conditions.
Authors: Saha Amit , Saha Debasree , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Debromocymopolone (I) from the Green Alga, Cymopolia barbata.
Authors: Gallimore Winklet A. , Sambo Tandose , Campbell Theresa
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry Inspired Synthesis of Novel Ferrocenyl‐Substituted Amino Acids or Peptides.
Authors: Sudhir V. Sai , Venkateswarlu Ch. , Musthafa O. T. Muhammed , Sampath S. , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cordyceamides A and B from the Culture Liquid of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc.
Authors: Jia Jing‐Ming , Tao Hai‐Hua , Feng Bao‐Min
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Method for the Syntheses of Enopyranosides.
Authors: Khan Khalid M. , Perveen Shahnaz , Al‐Qawasmeh Raed A. S. , Shekani Mohammed S. , Shah Syed T. Ali , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Alkaloids via Transannular Mannich Reactions.
Authors: Vital Paulo , Hosseini Masood , Shanmugham M. Sundaram , Gotfredsen Charlotte H. , Harris Pernille , Tanner David
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Direct Biaryl Coupling: First Application to the Synthesis of Aporphines.
Authors: Chaudhary Sandeep , Pecic Stevan , LeGendre Onica , Harding Wayne W.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Wittig Reaction and Synthesis of 5‐Alkyl‐ and 5‐Alkenyl‐Resorcinols.
Authors: Wu Li‐Qiang , Yang Chun‐Guang , Yang Li‐Ming , Yang Li‐Juan
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Trimeric Hydrolyzable Tannin, Oenotherin T2, Isolated from Aerial Parts of Oenothera tetraptera cav.
Authors: Taniguchi Shoko , Imayoshi Yoko , Yoshida Takashi , Hatano Tsutomu
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of Chaetoviridin E (I) from a Cultured Microfungus, Chaetomium sp. and Structural Reassignment of Chaetoviridins B and D.
Authors: Kingsland Sally R. , Barrow Russell A.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nine‐Step Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Platencin.
Authors: Tiefenbacher Konrad , Mulzer Johann
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovering Novel Quercetin‐3‐O‐amino Acid‐esters as a New Class of Src Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Liu Hong , et al. et al.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiamoebic Coumarins from the Root Bark of Adina cordifolia and Their New Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives.
Authors: Iqbal Prince Firdoos , Bhat Abdul Roouf , Azam Amir
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Synparvolide B (I) and epi‐Synparvolide A (II).
Authors: Srihari P. , Bhasker E. Vijaya , Reddy A. Bal , Yadav J. S.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Graphislactones A, C, D, and H, of Ulocladol, and of the Originally Proposed and Revised Structures of Graphislactones E and F.
Authors: Altemoeller Martina , Gehring Timo , Cudaj Judith , Podlech Joachim , Goesmann Helmut , Feldmann Claus , Rothenberger Alexander
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: anti Human Immunodeficieny Virus‐1 (HIV‐1) Agents. Part 1. Discovery of Benzyl Phenyl Ethers as New HIV‐1 Inhibitors in vitro.
Authors: Dai Hui‐Ling , Liu Wu‐Qing , Xu Hui , Yang Liu‐Meng , Lv Min , Zheng Yong‐Tang
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Higher Oxidation States of Iron in Solid State: Synthesis and Their Moessbauer Characterization
Authors: Perfiliev Yurii D. , Sharma Virender K.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Etching of Silicon in Fluoride Solutions
Authors: Kolasinski Kurt W.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Real Time Imaging of Catalytic Reactions on Surfaces: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Rotermund Harm Hinrich
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Nanomaterials
Authors: Suzdalev I. P.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Lightweight Elements and Nanostructured Materials for Batteries
Authors: Chen Jun , Cheng Fangyi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Potential and Practical Applications of Acylated Flavonoids
Authors: Viskupicova J. , Ondrejovic M. , Sturdik E.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Morpholines
Authors: Albanese Domenico , Carlini Emanuele , Foschi Francesca , Tagliabue Aaron , Penso Michele
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Biocatalysts and Their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Tao Junhua
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrometallation of Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Dzhemilev Usein M. , Ibragimov Askhat G.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Imino Reductions by Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Wills Martin
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Nakamura Kaoru , Matsuda Tomoko
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis: A New Development in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Kyu , Kung Mayfair C. , Kung Harold H.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Base‐Sensitive Oligonucleotides
Authors: Virta Pasi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monosubstituted Positively Charged Cyclodextrins: Synthesis and Applications in Chiral Separation
Authors: Tang Weihua , Ng Siu Choon
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Glycolipid Antigens
Authors: Kulkarni Suvarn S. , Gervay‐Hague Jacquelyn
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity of 4‐Membered P‐Heterocycles
Authors: Mucsi Zoltan , Csizmadia Imre G.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylation of Thiophenes
Authors: Ivonin Sergei P. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Pinchuk Alexander M.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Reductions
Authors: Munslow Ian J.
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrosilylation of Imines
Authors: Riant Olivier
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonyl Hydrogenation
Authors: Hedberg Christian
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Reduction: Hydrosilylation
Authors: Mayes Penelope A. , Perlmutter Patrick
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Functionalized Alkenes
Authors: Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Benzylic Esters
Authors: Kuwano Ryoichi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Group‐Directed Orthoarylation of Aromatic Rings Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Oi Shuichi
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl‐, Propargyl‐, and Allenylsilicon Reagents in Asymmetric Synthesis: A Relatively Untapped Resource of Environmentally Benign Reagents
Authors: Curtis‐Long Marcus J. , Aye Yimon
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β,γ‐Unsaturated Acids from Allenes and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: North Michael
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions of Aryl Halides and Related Compounds
Authors: Brennfuehrer Anne , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Safe Genetically Modified Organisms Through the Chemical Diversification of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Herdewijn Piet , Marliere Philippe
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Blumea
Authors: Chen Ming , Jin Hui‐Zi , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Yan Shi‐Kai , Shen Yun‐Heng
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Cross‐Linking Strategies for Synthesizing Acellular Hemoglobin‐Based Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Harris David Raphel , Palmer Andre Francis
Published: August 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Verlängerung der Induktionsphase im Fouling durch kohlenstoffbasierte Beschichtungen von Wärmeübertragern
Authors: Geddert T. , Augustin W. , Scholl S.
Published: August 2009

Die unerwünschte Belagbildung auf wärmeübertragenden Flächen kann die Leistung eines Wärmeübertragers im Laufe der Betriebszeit erheblich reduzieren. Durch energetische und/oder mechanische Modifikationen der wärmeübertragenden Fläche kann die Standzeit des Apparates beim Kristallisationsfouling signifikant verlängert werden. Dies konnte in vorliegender Arbeit verifiziert werden. Zusätzlich wurden weitere Einflussfaktoren auf das Kristallwachstum identifiziert, was neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten bezüglich der Belagminderung gestattet.
Produktion des Erdgassubstitutes Bio‐SNG im Leistungsbereich um 30 MWBWL – Eine techno‐ökonomische Analyse und Bewertung
Authors: Rönsch S. , Müller‐Langer F. , Kaltschmitt M.
Published: August 2009

Vor dem Hintergrund begrenzter fossiler Energieträger und deren stark schwankender Preise sowie einer wachsenden Sensibilisierung der Bevölkerung für eine nachhaltige Energiebereitstellung zeigen Politik und Energieversorger zunehmend Interesse an alternativen, umweltschonenden Technologien. Dabei erscheint aufgrund des hoch effizienten Konversionspfades insbesondere die Erzeugung des Erdgassubstitutes Bio‐SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas) eine vielversprechende Option zur Nutzung biogener Festbrennstoffe. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird dieser Konversionspfad daher anhand eines Referenzprozesses mit einer Brennstoffwärmeleistung von etwa 30 MW analysiert sowie zwei mögliche Optimierungsansätze abgeleitet. Die optimierten Anlagenkonzepte werden anschließend anhand technischer und ökonomischer Kriterien mit dem Referenzprozess verglichen.
Optische in‐situ‐Untersuchungen der Partikelbildung im überkritischen Antisolvent‐Prozess
Authors: Braeuer A. , Dowy S. , Leipertz A. , Schatz R. , Rossmann M. , Schluecker Dr.‐Ing E.
Published: August 2009

Es wird der Einfluss des Wirkstoffs auf das Mischungsverhalten von Wirkstoff, Solvent und Antisolvent im überkritischen Antisolvent (SAS)‐Verfahren zur Herstellung feinster Partikel beschrieben. Das Mischungsverhalten wurde mittels der zweidimensionalen Raman‐Streuung untersucht. Es konnten simultan die Molenbruchverteilung sowie die Dichteverteilung des Antisolvents CO2 visualisiert werden. Die Eigenschaften der erzeugten Partikel wurden mit dem Mischungsverhalten verglichen. Während der Untersuchungen wurde die Wirkstoffkonzentration bei ansonsten unveränderten Betriebsparametern von 10 MPa und 313 K variiert.
On the Ghoudi, Khoudraji, and Rivest test for extreme‐value dependence
Authors: Ben Ghorbal Noomen , Genest Christian , Nešlehová Johanna
Published: August 2009

Ghoudi, Khoudraji & Rivest [The Canadian Journal of Statistics 1998;26:187–197] showed how to test whether the dependence structure of a pair of continuous random variables is characterized by an extreme‐value copula. The test is based on a U‐statistic whose finite‐ and large‐sample variance are determined by the present authors. They propose estimates of this variance which they compare to the jackknife estimate of Ghoudi, Khoudraji & Rivest (1998) through simulations. They study the finite‐sample and asymptotic power of the test under various alternatives. They illustrate their approach using financial and geological data. The Canadian Journal of Statistics © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Cysteine protease‐mediated cytoskeleton interactions with LFA‐1 promote T‐cell morphological changes
Authors: Jevnikar Zala , Obermajer Nataša , Kos Janko
Published: August 2009

T cells migrate through restrictive barriers in a protease‐independent, amoeboid fashion that is characterized by morphological cell polarization. The interaction of cysteine‐dependent carboxypeptidase cathepsin X with β2 integrin LFA‐1 (lymphocyte function associated antigen 1) induces T‐cell morphological changes, displaying into a 3D extracellular matrix a cytoplasmic projection termed a uropod. In the present study we show that inhibition of cathepsin X and a cysteine‐dependent endopeptidase, cathepsin L, markedly inhibits T‐cell actin polymerization, shape polarization, and chemotaxis. We propose that cathepsin L promotes T‐cell migration associated processes by activating procathepsin X in the endolysosomal vesicles near the cell membrane and at the peak of the uropod, where both proteases were colocalized. We show that active cathepsin X modifies the β2 cytoplasmic tail of LFA‐1 in the uropod, promoting its high affinity conformation. We suggest that LFA‐1 cleavage contributes to the conformational change in the cytoplasmic tail, promoting the binding of the cytoskeletal protein talin. This interaction is restricted to the uropod and results in the stabilization of this region, promoting LFA‐1‐mediated cell uropod elongation. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 1030–1040, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C3 Halogen and C8′′ Substituents on Stilbene Arotinoids Modulate Retinoic Acid Receptor Subtype Function
Authors: Álvarez Susana , Khanwalkar Harshal , Álvarez Rosana , Erb Cathie , Martínez Claudio , Rodríguez‐Barrios Fátima , Germain Pierre , Gronemeyer Hinrich , de Lera Angel R.
Published: August 2009

The synthesis and biological evaluation of the entire series of C3‐halogenated derivatives and bulkier substituents at the C8′′ position of the parent stilbene‐based RARβ‐selective agonist BMS641 4 c was undertaken. The synthesis uses an E‐selective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) condensation of C8‐substituted C5‐dimethyl dihydronaphthaldehyde and the benzylic phosphonates derived from the C3‐halogenated benzoates to construct the stilbene skeleton. Transactivation studies revealed the synergistic effect of small halogen atoms at C3 (F, Cl) and the moderately bulky phenyl group at C8′′ (in 4 b and 4 c) to achieve RARβ selectivity. Our results, supported by computational studies, provide a structural rationale for the mixed agonist–antagonist activities of these arotinoids, which are potent agonists of the RARβ subtype and antagonists of the RARα paralogue. Moreover, transitions from partial agonists to inverse agonists and antagonists can be accomplished with the incorporation of the same halogen atoms into the structures of known modulators BMS701 (5 a) and BMS493 (6 a), which have bulkier substituents than phenyl (p‐tolyl and phenylethynyl, respectively) at C8′′. Conversely, incorporation of halogen atoms in 6 a converted the ligand from an RARβ inverse agonist (6 b) to an antagonist (6 c) or an agonist (6 d). Amazingly, 6 a–c commonly acted as inverse agonists for RARα, while 6 d and 6 e acted as regular RARα antagonists, not affecting co‐repressor interaction. In the case of the mixed agonist/antagonist 5 a, C3‐halogenation yields inverse RARα and RARβ agonists (5 b–d) with the exception of iodinated 5 e, which is a regular antagonist for both these receptors. Because RARβ gene expression is frequently deleted or epigenetically silenced in several tumor cells, the novel repertoire of receptor and function‐selective RAR agonists, mixed agonist/antagonists, regular antagonists, and inverse agonists will be useful in the elucidation of the mechanism of tumor suppression by retinoids.
The influence of ferucarbotran on the chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Henning Tobias D. , Sutton Elizabeth J. , Kim Anne , Golovko Daniel , Horvai Andrew , Ackerman Larry , Sennino Barbara , McDonald Donald , Lotz Jeffrey , Daldrup‐Link Heike E.
Published: August 2009

For in vivo applications of magnetically labeled stem cells, biological effects of the labeling procedure have to be precluded. This study evaluates the effect of different ferucarbotran cell labeling protocols on chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) as well as their implications for MR imaging. hMSC were labeled with ferucarbotran using various protocols: cells were labeled with 100 µg Fe/ml for 4 and 18 h and additional samples were cultured for 6 or 12 days after the 18 h labeling. Supplementary samples were labeled by transfection with protamine sulfate. Iron uptake was quantified by ICP‐spectrometry and labeled cells were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and by immunostaining for ferucarbotran. The differentiation potential of labeled cells was compared with unlabeled controls by staining with Alcian blue and Hematoxylin and Eosin, then quantified by measurements of glucosaminoglycans (GAG). Contrast agent effect at 3 T was investigated on days 1 and 14 of chondrogenic differentiation by measuring signal‐to‐noise ratios on T2‐SE and T2*‐GE sequences. Iron uptake was significant for all labeling protocols (p < 0.05). The uptake was highest after transfection with protamine sulfate (25.65 ± 3.96 pg/cell) and lowest at an incubation time of 4 h without transfection (3.21 ± 0.21 pg/cell). While chondrogenic differentiation was decreased using all labeling protocols, the decrease in GAG synthesis was not significant after labeling for 4 h without transfection. After labeling by simple incubation, chondrogenesis was found to be dose‐dependent. MR imaging showed markedly lower SNR values of all labeled cells compared with the unlabeled controls. This contrast agent effect persisted for 14 days and the duration of differentiation. Magnetic labeling of hMSC with ferucarbotran inhibits chondrogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner when using simple incubation techniques. When decreasing the incubation time to 4 h, inhibition of chondrogenesis was not significant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial compartmentalization of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits at the calyx of Held synapse
Authors: Hermida Diana , María Mateos José , Elezgarai Izaskun , Puente Nagore , Bilbao Aurora , Luis Bueno‐López José , Streit Peter , Grandes Pedro
Published: August 2009

The mature calyx of Held ending on principal neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) has very specialized morphological and molecular features that make it possible to transmit auditory signals with high fidelity. In a previous work we described an increased localization of the ionotropic α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4 isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor (GluA) subunits at postsynaptic sites of the calyx of Held‐principal cell body synapses from postnatal development to adult. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the pattern of the synaptic distribution of GluA2/3/4c and ‐4 in adult MNTB principal cell bodies correlated with preferential subcellular domains (stalks and swellings) of the calyx. We used a postembedding immunocytochemical method combined with specific antibodies to GluA2/3/4c and GluA4 subunits. We found that the density of GluA2/3/4c in calyceal swellings (19 ± 1.54 particles/μm) was higher than in stalks (10.93 ± 1.37 particles/μm); however, the differences for GluA4 were not statistically significant (swellings: 13.84 ± 1.39 particles/μm; stalks: 10.42 ± 1.24 particles/μm). Furthermore, GluA2/3/4c and GluA4 labeling co‐localized to some extent in calyceal stalks and swellings. Taking these data together, the distribution pattern of GluA subunits in postsynaptic specializations are indicative of a spatial compartmentalization of AMPA subunits in mature calyx‐principal neuron synapses that may support the temporally precise transmission required for sound localization in the auditory brainstem. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:163–174, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the posterior parietal cortex in galagos: II. Ipsilateral cortical connections of physiologically identified zones within anterior sensorimotor region
Authors: Stepniewska Iwona , Cerkevich Christina M. , Fang Pei‐Chun Y. , Kaas Jon H.
Published: August 2009

We studied cortical connections of functionally distinct movement zones of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in galagos identified by intracortical microstimulation with long stimulus trains (∼500 msec). All these zones were in the anterior half of PPC, and each of them had a different pattern of connections with premotor (PM) and motor (M1) areas of the frontal lobe and with other areas of parietal and occipital cortex. The most rostral PPC zone has major connections with motor and visuomotor areas of frontal cortex as well as with somatosensory areas 3a and 1‐2 and higher order somatosensory areas in the lateral sulcus. The dorsal part of anterior PPC region representing hand‐to‐mouth movements is connected mostly to the forelimb representation in PM, M1, 3a, 1‐2, and somatosensory areas in the lateral sulcus and on the medial wall. The more posterior defensive and reaching zones have additional connections with nonprimary visual areas (V2, V3, DL, DM, MST). Ventral aggressive and defensive face zones have reciprocal connections with each other as well as connections with mostly face, but also forelimb representations of premotor areas and M1 as well as prefrontal cortex, FEF, and somatosensory areas in the lateral sulcus and areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere. Whereas the defensive face zone is additionally connected to nonprimary visual cortical areas, the aggressive face zone is not. These differences in connections are consistent with our functional parcellation of PPC based on intracortical long‐train microstimulation, and they identify parts of cortical networks that mediate different motor behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:783–807, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of visual mossy fiber projections and zebrin expression in the pigeon vestibulocerebellum
Authors: Pakan Janelle M.P. , Graham David J. , Wylie Douglas R.
Published: August 2009

Extensive research has revealed a fundamental organization of the cerebellum consisting of functional parasagittal zones. This compartmentalization has been well documented with respect to physiology, biochemical markers, and climbing fiber afferents. Less is known about the organization of mossy fiber afferents in general, and more specifically in relation to molecular markers such as zebrin. Zebrin is expressed by Purkinje cells that are distributed as a parasagittal array of immunopositive and immunonegative stripes. We examined the concordance of zebrin expression with visual mossy fiber afferents in the vestibulocerebellum (folium IXcd) of pigeons. Visual afferents project directly to folium IXcd as mossy fibers and indirectly as climbing fibers via the inferior olive. These projections arise from two retinal recipient nuclei: the lentiformis mesencephali (LM) and the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR). Although it has been shown that these two nuclei project to folium IXcd, the detailed organization of these projections has not been reported. We injected anterograde tracers into LM and nBOR to investigate the organization of mossy fiber terminals and subsequently related this organization to the zebrin antigenic map. We found a parasagittal organization of mossy fiber terminals in folium IXcd and observed a consistent relationship between mossy fiber organization and zebrin stripes: parasagittal clusters of mossy fiber terminals were concentrated in zebrin‐immunopositive regions. We also describe the topography of projections from LM and nBOR to the inferior olive and relate these results to previous studies on the organization of climbing fibers and zebrin expression. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:175–198, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron Transport and Redox Reactions in Molecular Electronic Junctions
Authors: McCreery Richard L.
Published: August 2009

Electron transport through single molecules or collections of molecules oriented in parallel can occur by several mechanisms, including coherent tunneling, activated transfer between potential wells, various “hopping” modes, etc. Given suitable energy levels and sufficiently long charge transport times, reduction or oxidation with accompanying nuclear reorganization can occur to generate “polarons”, that is, localized redox centers in the molecule or monolayer. Redox events in molecular junctions are amenable to spectroscopic monitoring in working devices, and can have major effects on the electronic behavior of the junction. Several examples are presented, along with a possible application to molecular memory.
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid developed in congenital dyshormonogenetic hypothyroidism without goiter: Diagnosis by FNAB
Authors: Drut Ricardo , Moreno Adrian
Published: August 2009

A 5‐year‐old girl known to have congenital dyshormonogenetic hypothyroidism since birth and under appropriate treatment (without goiter) developed a thyroid nodule which was found in the clinical follow‐up. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule allowed to diagnose a papillary thyroid carcinoma, a diagnosis which was certified by the surgical specimen exam. Dyshormonogenetic goiter may rarely associate with thyroid carcinoma. The present case appears unique since goiter was not present. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potato and soy peptides alter caecal fermentation and reduce serum non‐HDL cholesterol in rats fed cholesterol
Authors: Liyanage Ruvini , Han Kyu‐Ho , Shimada Ken‐ichiro , Sekikawa Mitsuo , Tokuji Yoshihiko , Ohba Kiyoshi , Sasaki Keiko , Jayawardana Barana Chaminda , Shimizu Takashi , Fukushima Michihiro
Published: August 2009

We examined the effect of potato peptides (PPC) in rats fed a cholesterol‐enriched diet, in comparison with two cholesterol‐enriched diets containing soy peptides (SPC) or casein (CNC), and a cholesterol‐free diet containing casein (CN) for 4 weeks. The serum non‐high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was lower in the PPC‐ (–18.39%) and SPC‐fed (–32.76%) groups (p <0.05) than in the CNC‐fed group at the end of the feeding period. The low‐density lipoprotein receptor mRNA level in the PPC‐fed group, and cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase and scavenger receptor class B type 1 mRNA levels in the SPC‐fed group, were higher (p <0.05) than in the CN‐ and CNC‐fed groups. Faecal neutral sterol and caecal short‐chain fatty acid concentrations in the PPC‐ and SPC‐fed groups were higher (p <0.05) than in the CN‐ and CNC‐fed groups. The faecal total acidic sterol concentration was higher in the SPC‐fed group than in the CN‐ and PPC‐fed groups. Caecal anaerobe and Bifidobacterium populations were higher (p <0.05) in the PPC‐ and SPC‐fed groups than in the CN‐fed group. This study suggests that potato peptides, as soy peptides, alter caecal fermentation and steroid absorption and reduce the serum non‐HDL cholesterol level in rats fed cholesterol.
Configuration‐Dependent Ring Opening of Silyloxiranes: Synthesis of Functionalized Alkenes or Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Lange Jens , Schaumann Ernst
Published: August 2009

cis‐ and trans‐Silyloxiranes with a potential tosylate or bromide leaving group in the β position are available by the diastereospecific reduction of the corresponding alkynes with DIBAL‐H and hydrosilylation with silanes, respectively. In the reaction with the anion of a silylthioacetal, the outcome of the reaction is configuration dependent: the cis‐oxiranes add nucleophilic methanthiolate and give a cis‐vinyl sulfide unit in a Peterson olefination. In contrast, the trans‐oxiranes lead to functionalized tetrahydrofurans with silyl(methylthio) substitution on the ring and in the exocyclic α position. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Investigation of mass transfer in the ion‐exchange‐membrane‐partitioned free‐flow IEF system for protein separation
Authors: Cheng Jiu‐Hua , Chung Tai Shung , Neo Sok Hong
Published: August 2009

In this study, novel polysulfone‐based cation‐exchange membranes with strong mechanical strength have been developed and applied in ion‐exchange‐membrane‐partitioned free‐flow IEF (IEM‐FFIEF) to replace the conventional immobiline membranes. A fundamental understanding of protein mass transfer in the IEM‐FFIEF process has been revealed experimentally with the aid of membrane‐based boundary effect model contributed by Ennis et al. we have proven experimentally the existence of a pH gradient across the membrane cross‐section when an IEM‐FFIEF system is in operation. The boundary effects on particle velocities are calculated based on the IEF assumption and various characterizations, and are compared with the experimental results. In the IEM‐FFIEF experiments, a protein mixture (BSA and myoglobin (Mb)) and sulfonated polysulfone membranes with different ion‐exchange capacities are applied. Experimental results show that the real velocity and real mobility (of Mb in this study) are comparable with the mathematic model developed by Ennis et al. This suggests that the equation proposed by Ennis et al., is sufficient to capture the mass transfer through membrane in the IEM‐FFIEF system after considering the effects of pore size distribution and effects of disturbed electric field. The charge properties of the membrane surface play a dominant role on the separation performance of the membranes. The newly developed porous solid‐phase ion‐exchange membranes may potentially and effectively replace immobilines to perform the selective function for protein separation.
Interaction of a phosphorus‐based FR, a nanoclay and PA6. Part 2 interaction of the complete PA6 polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Ramani Alwar , Hagen Martin , Hereid Johan , Zhang Jianping , Delichatsios Michael
Published: August 2009

Polyamide 6 (PA6) is modified with a nanoclay (NC), Cloisite 30B and/or a flame retardant (FR), OP1311. The thermal decomposition of pure PA6 and PA6 nanocomposites is done by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The decomposition products from TGA in nitrogen and air are analysed online by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to examine the time/temperature‐dependent thermal degradation processes and monitor the evolved gases online. The profiles of the evolved gases are compared with ε‐caprolactam spectra, which are the main species in the gas phase. Results show that the addition of the fire retardant decreases the degradation temperature, whereas the incorporation of NC (PA6+NC) contributes to increased residual mass and char formation. The evolved gases from TGA‐FTIR in nitrogen from pure PA6 and (PA6+NC) are hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, water, ε‐caprolactam and ammonia. The (PA6+FR) and (PA6+NC+FR) evolve the same volatiles with an additional phosphorus‐containing species, namely diethylphosphinic acid. The thermo‐oxidative degradation of all these composites in air yields carbon monoxide with an increased production of carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen cyanide. Another important result is that the hydrogen cyanide does not increase when the phosphinate FR is used. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D simulation of radionuclide transport in porous media
Authors: Marpeau Fabien , Saad Mazen
Published: August 2009

We present an efficient and easily implementable finite volume method simulating radionuclide transport through highly heterogeneous grounds in three space dimensions. The numerical concentration of the transported chemicals are proved to remain nonnegative and stable.

Then, we run a realistic test case in which some radioactive iodine I129particles are released from a leak in an underground nuclear waste disposal site. The question of whether the radionuclide invades the underground and reach the ground surface is investigated.

Because of the 3D nature of the problem, a particular emphasis is made on the control of CPU time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.