bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LithoExp: Explainable Two-stage CNN-based Lithographic Hotspot Detection with Layout Defect Localization
Authors: Jiang Cong , Sun Haoyang , Feng Dan , Xie Zhiyao , Tan Benjamin , Liu Kang
Published: February 2025

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) successfully detect lithographic hotspots by learning from hand-designed features of layout patterns or entire layouts, as images, in an end-to-end fashion. However, compared to lithography simulation, CNN-based solutions demonstrate inferior hotspot detection accuracy and a high false alarm rate. Moreover, the interpretability of the hotspot prediction process has yet to be considered due to the “black-box” nature of CNNs. In this work, inspired by conventional lithography simulation where defect regions are simulated as direct evidence for hotspot identification, we propose an explainable two-stage CNN-based hotspot detector that considers both the accuracy and interpretability of hotspot detection. Our architecture learns to locate the defect areas in the first stage as extracted hotspot features. In the second stage, we combine the strength of feature engineering and end-to-end learning, incorporating the original layout input, the learned defect location map from the first stage, and a fixed auxiliary region of interest (ROI) map for final hotspot detection. Experimental results for our technique exhibit the highest hotspot accuracy (98.1%) and the lowest false alarm rate (4.0%) thus far compared to all prior CNN solutions. We also demonstrate the best overall qualitative and quantitative interpretability results with the highest increase in confidence (IC) and the lowest average drop (AD) scores when CNN interpretation methods such as Grad-CAM-based approaches are applied. We further demonstrate use cases of our technique for successfully justifying and pinpointing hotspot mispredictions by examining the prediction evidence from our learned defect locations.
The Causes and Consequences of Ordovician Cooling
Authors: Bergmann Kristin D. , Macdonald Francis A. , Swanson-Hysell Nicholas L.
Published: February 2025

A long-term cooling trend through the Ordovician Period, from 487 to 443 Ma, is recorded by oxygen isotope data. Tropical ocean basins in the Early Ordovician were hot, which led to low oxygen concentrations in the surface ocean due to the temperature dependence of oxygen solubility. Elevated temperatures also increased metabolic demands such that hot shallow water environments had limited animal diversity as recorded by microbially dominated carbonates. As the oceans cooled through the Ordovician, animal biodiversity increased, leading to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. The protracted nature of the cooling suggests that it was the product of progressive changes in tectonic boundary conditions. Low-latitude arc-continent collisions through this period may have increased global weatherability and decreased atmospheric CO2 levels. Additionally, decreasing continental arc magmatism could have lowered CO2 outgassing fluxes. The Ordovician long-term cooling trend culminated with the development of a large south polar ice sheet on Gondwana. The timescale of major ice growth and decay over the final 2 Myr of the Ordovician is consistent with Pleistocene-like glacial cycles driven by orbital forcing. The short duration of large-scale glaciation indicates a high sensitivity of ice volume to temperature with a strongly nonlinear response, providing a valuable analog for Neogene and future climate change.

▪

Oxygen isotope data record progressive and protracted cooling through the Ordovician leading up to the onset of Hirnantian glaciation.

▪

The gradual cooling trend is mirrored by an Ordovician radiation in biological diversity, consistent with temperature-dependent oxygen solubility and metabolism as a primary control.

▪

Long-term cooling occurred in concert with low-latitude arc-continent collisions and an increase in global weatherability. Although CO2 outgassing may have also decreased with an Ordovician decrease in continental arc length, in the modern, CO2 outgassing is variable along both continental and island arcs, leaving the relationship between continental arc length and climate uncertain.

▪

Evidence for significant ice growth is limited to less than 2 Myr of the Hirnantian Stage, suggesting a high sensitivity of ice growth to pCO2 and temperature.

▪

Independent estimates for ice volume, area, and sea level change during the Hirnantian glacial maximum are internally consistent and comparable to those of the Last Glacial Maximum.
DETERMINING AUTONOMIC SYMPATHETIC TONE AND REACTIVITY USING BAEVSKY'S STRESS INDEX
Authors: Huizinga Jan D. , Chen Ji-Hong , Hussain Amer , Zheng Difei , Liu Lijun , Lui Hansel , Pan Maxwell , Chen Xurui , DiBattista Brienna , Alam Marzia , Niro Julia
Published: February 2025

The extrinsic autonomic nervous system is critical in controlling most organ functions and is involved in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases. However, its assessment plays a minor role in the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment outside cardiology. Since sympathetic dysfunction is related to diseases such as diabetes, chronic stress, and urinary and gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, an autonomic assessment is warranted. Here, we evaluate the Baevsky Stress Index (SI) to assess sympathetic tone and reactivity based on heart rate variability. We start with discussing Baevsky’s original stress index. We propose an optimized calculation of SI and assess the SI of 73 self-declared healthy subjects in the age groups 16-35, 35-50, and 50+ at supine baseline and in response to postural change from supine to standing. Normality assessment and kernel density analysis identified two subgroups: one we deemed to have normal autonomic functioning, and an outlier group with significantly higher baseline sympathetic index (SI) and sympathetic reactivity to standing. Using a Gaussian mixture model, we determined normal SI values and values for autonomic stress and autonomic dysfunction. This study provides a needed start to evaluate sympathetic dysfunction using heart rate variability.
Vulnerable Groups in Primary Health Care: Brief Report of a Project Implementation in Lisbon
Authors: Maria Ana Rita J. , Basílio Nuno
Published: February 2025

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to measures that conditioned the response of health services. More research is needed on what measures may be undertaken to promote the stability of general practitioners (GPs). Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe a project taking place in a primary health care (PHC) unit in Lisbon at the beginning of 2022, aiming to monitor vulnerable populations, including children and pregnant women. Method: A descriptive study design based on a case report was conducted. Results: A rich internship field presented an opportunity to the training of future doctors specializing in Family Medicine and providing health services at the PHC level, which are considered essential in the Portuguese health system. Additionally, the problem of inequality in access to PHC is ameliorated, especially in a context with a high number of patients without an assigned GP. Conclusions: Training of future doctors specializing in Family Medicine can be improved, and, at the same time, the problem of inequality in access to PHC is ameliorated. In order to lead a successful PHC, reform topics should be considered, such as the promotion of policies to retain professionals in the National Health Service.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Role of Obesity and Genetic Variants in Serum C-Reactive Protein Response to an Acute Fructose Load
Authors: Vennam Sai Sravani , Talevi Valentina , Venkataraman Geethika , Syed Rayyan Ahmed , Zhang Xinruo , Mass Baba B. , Voruganti Venkata Saroja
Published: February 2025

33 Introduction: Excess fructose intake has been linked to increased risk for dyslipidemia, insulin,
34 resistance, hyperuricemia, inflammation, and obesity. In this human study, we investigated if serum
35 CRP concentrations change after fructose consumption, and whether genetic variants and
36 obesity status influences this change. Methods: Blood was drawn before and at four time points
37 after administration of a fructose load (n=57). Serum concentrations of CRP were measured,
38 and 11 single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1205, rs1417938, rs1470515, rs3093068,
39 rs6588158, rs16842568, rs2259820, rs157581, rs2794521, rs3093062, rs17700633),
40 previously associated with serum CRP were genotyped and assessed for their association with
41 CRP levels. Results: Participants identifying as White (n = 37) had higher mean CRP levels across
42 all time points compared to those identifying as Black (n = 20). Participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30
43 kg/m2) (n = 25) were younger and had higher mean CRP levels throughout the study period
44 compared to those without (n = 32). All SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and their
45 effect allele frequencies ranged between 11and 96%. Baseline CRP was associated with CRP
46 SNPs rs1417938 and rs2794521 (p <0.005), with rs2794521 also associated with CRP response to
47 fructose challenge (p < 0.005). The variability in responses to fructose and genetic associations
48 were mainly observed in individuals without obesity. Obesity status was associated with early
49 changes in CRP (0-30 min and 30-60min) whereas CRP SNPs were associated with later changes
50 (60-120min and 120-180 min). Conclusion: Changes in serum CRP were associated with obesity
51 status or SNPs based on the time elapsed since fructose ingestion. Larger studies are needed to
52 confirm and validate these associations.
53
54
Evolution of Retinitis to Macular Hole and Closure: OCT Insights into an Unusual Course of Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Bhatta Subash , Pant Nayana , Pikacha Nola
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
To describe the distinctive optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics and the underlying mechanisms leading to the uncommon occurrence of macular hole (MH) development in ocular toxoplasmosis.

Case Presentation:
A 13-year-old girl with a history of bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis presented with newly onset floaters and a progressive loss of vision in her right eye. Examination revealed macular chorioretinal scars in both eyes. Foveal area in the right eye also revealed some barely distinct creamy white lesions which were visible in OCT as punctate inner and outer retinitis with some full thickness lesions, indicating active disease in the right eye. Treatment with oral co-trimoxazole and prednisolone was initiated. At two-weeks follow-up, there was complete necrosis of fovea leading to formation of MH with an overhanging membrane. Rapid evolution continued with signs of progressive closure of the hole starting within a week of MH formation. At four months, the foveal contour had restored with some evidence of regeneration of external limiting membrane. However, a small outer layer defect persisted and visual acuity remained at 3/60, with only a minimal subjective improvement in visual function.

Conclusion:
Liquefactive necrosis of retina can lead to a rapid course of MH formation without the presence of visibly florid retinal lesions and vitritis in toxoplasmosis. Spontaneous closure of the MH is possible with medical treatment, but the visual prognosis remains uncertain, as the MH is mostly closed with disorganized retinal tissue. OCT is crucial for diagnosis and monitoring, underscoring the importance of immediate attention to new symptoms.
End-user software engineering approach: improve spreadsheets capabilities using Python-based user-defined functions
Authors: Elserwy Tamer Bahgat , Aly Tarek , El-Demerdash Basma E.
Published: February 2025

End-user computing enables non-developers to handle data and applications, boosting collaboration and productivity. Spreadsheets are a key example of end-user programming environments that are extensively utilized in business for data analysis. However, the functionalities of Excel have limitations compared to specialized programming languages. This study aims to address this shortcoming by proposing a prototype that integrates Python's features into Excel via standalone desktop Python-based user-defined functions (UDFs). This method mitigates potential latency concerns linked to cloud-based solutions. This study employs Excel-DNA (dynamic network access) and IronPython; Excel-DNA facilitates the creation of custom Python functions that integrate smoothly with Excel's calculation engine, while IronPython allows these Python UDFs to run directly within Excel. Core components include C# and visual studio tools office (VSTO) add-ins, which enable communication between Python and Excel. This approach grants users the chance to execute Python UDFs for various tasks such as mathematical computations and predictions — all within the familiar Excel environment. The prototype showcases seamless integration, enabling users to invoke Python-based UDFs just like built in Excel functions. This study enhances the capabilities of spreadsheets by harnessing Python's strengths within Excel. Future work may focus on expanding the Python UDF library and examining user experiences with this innovative approach to data analysis.
Boosting stroke prediction with ensemble learning on imbalanced healthcare data
Authors: Labaybi Outmane , Taj Mohamed Bennani , El Fahssi Khalid , El Garouani Said , Lamrini Mohamed , El Far Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Detecting strokes at the early day is crucial for preventing health issues and potentially saving lives. Predicting strokes accurately can be challenging, especially when working with unbalanced healthcare datasets. In this article, we suggest a thorough method combining machine learning (ML) algorithms and ensemble learning techniques to improve the accuracy of predicting strokes. Our approach includes using preprocessing methods for tackling imbalanced data, feature engineering for extracting key information, and utilizing different ML algorithms such as random forests (RF), decision trees (DT), and gradient boosting (GBoost) classifiers. Through the utilization of ensemble learning, we amalgamate the advantages of various models in order to generate stronger and more reliable predictions. By conducting thorough tests and assessments on a variety of datasets, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in addressing the imbalanced stroke datasets and greatly enhances prediction accuracy. We conducted comprehensive testing and validation to ensure the reliability and applicability of our method, improving the accuracy of stroke prediction and supporting healthcare planning and resource allocation strategies.
Indonesian sentiment analysis in natural environment topics
Authors: Octovianto Christofer , Ibrohim Muhammad Okky , Budi Indra
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is one of the countries that is rich in biodiversity and has a high population growth. This condition can cause Indonesia to have problems related to the natural environment that are more complex than other countries. Hence, this has created a lot of discussions regarding natural environmental issues in Indonesia on social media platforms. In this case, stakeholders like the government in general can utilize sentiment analysis (SA) to comprehend the public’s views to allow them to better fit the public’s expectations when formulating a particular policy that related to the environmental sustainability (ES) issues. This paper built the first open dataset of Indonesian SA dataset in ES topics collected from Instagram. As the benchmark of our dataset, we used IndoBERT model variant for constructing the model and the experiment result shows that model based on IndoBERT-large-p2 obtained the best performance with 72.44% of F1-score.
A review on power transformer failures: analysis of failure types and causative factors
Authors: Abdugaffar Ugli Abdullaev Abduvokhid , Zokirovich Tuychiev Zafarjon , Kamolovich Jabborov Tulkin , Khamidjon Ugli Kobilov Mirodil , Zukhriddin Ugli Najmitdinov Zikrillo , Ziyodulla Ugli Sharipov Mukhriddin
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes power transformers and their components, types of damage, factors causing them. The advantage of this review article is that it was initially conducted a theoretical analysis based on published articles on power transformer damage in recent years. Then a statistical analysis was carried out on damaged power transformers in real condition. In the theoretical analysis, the articles published in the databases in recent years were first identified by keywords, and then sorted according to their relevance to the topic. A statistical examination of the damaged power transformers was performed utilizing the theoretical approach. According to the results of the analysis, damage to power transformers in 6(10) kV networks occurs mainly in 100 kVA, 160 kVA and 250 kVA power transformers. One of the factors that cause the power transformer to fail is the irregular implementation of restrictions on the power supply to electrical consumers. And these failures mainly damage the windings of the power transformer. We hope that the materials in this analytical article will serve as a crucial resource.
An embedded system for the classification of sleep disorders using ECG signals
Authors: Rajani Kumari Lavu Venkata , Daravath Babishamili , Sai Yarlagadda Padma
Published: February 2025

Sleep apnea (SA) is a well-known sleep disorder. It predominantly appears due to lack of oxygen in humans. Identifying SA at an early stage can help early diagnosis. The primary motto of our research is to identify SA using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Here, three classes are considered for classification. One is normal (N), and the other two are SA classes obstructive sleep apnea (OA) and central sleep apnea (CA). ECG signals are accumulated for MIT-BIH polysomnographic dataset. The ECG data divided into ECG segments and labelled using annotation file. The proposed deep long short-term memory (LSTM) model is then trained using ECG segments and further tested. The model is then finetuned and optimized to obtain the best accuracy. An accuracy of 98.51% is obtained. In addition, performance measures like precision, sensitivity, specificity, F-score are also evaluated. The model is then deployed on NVIDIA’s Jetson nano board to build a prototype. Our model is effective, promising and outperformed existing state of art techniques.
Geographic information system-based approaches for evaluating CO2 storage in Kalimantan basins, Indonesia
Authors: Susantoro Tri Muji , Sugihardjo Sugihardjo , Suliantara Suliantara , Widarsono Bambang , Usman Usman , Setiawan Herru Lastiadi , Romli Mohamad , Sukarno Panca W. , Nurkamelia Nurkamelia , Suhartono Rudi
Published: February 2025

To achieve the energy transition towards more environmentally friendly energy, various approaches must be taken, one of which is CO2 source-to-sink matching. A basin evaluation study has been carried out through classifying, weighting, and scoring in the geographic information system (GIS) for screening and ranking basins for CO2 storage on the island of Kalimantan, Indonesia. The region covers 13 sedimentary basins that have the potential to serve as CO2 sinks. As many as 21 parameters have been analyzed through classification and weighting using a pairwise comparison matrix method to produce scores and ranks for each basin. The results show that the Kutai, Tarakan, and Barito basins are the top three basins for CO2 storage potential. Singkawang, Nangapinoh, Pangkalanbun Utara, and Embaluh Selatan basins have been found to have the lowest sink potential.
Multi-camera multi-person tracking with DeepSORT and MySQL
Authors: Raghavendra Shashank Horakodige , Sorapalli Yashasvi , Poojar S. V. Nehashri , Maddirala Hrithik , Kumar P. Ramakanth , Nasreen Azra , Trivedi Neeta , Agarwal Ashish , K. Sreelakshmi
Published: February 2025

Multi-camera multi-object tracking refers to the process of simultaneously tracking numerous objects using a network of connected cameras. Constructing an accurate depiction of an object’s movements requires the analysis of video data from many camera feeds, detection of items of interest, and their association across various camera perspectives. The objective is to accurately estimate the trajectories of the objects as they navigate through a monitored area. It has several uses, including surveillance, robotics, self-driving cars, and augmented reality. The current version of an object tracking algorithm, DeepSORT, doesn’t account for errors caused by occlusion or implementation of multiple cameras. In this paper, DeepSORT has been extended by introducing new states to improve the tracking performance in scenarios where objects are occluded in the presence of multiple cameras. The communication of track information across multiple cameras is achieved with the help of a database. The suggested system performs better in situations where objects are occluded, whether due to object occlusions or person occlusions.
A study on the diversity of butterflies in selected landscapes of the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati campus, Assam, India
Authors: Dutta Uma , Sonali Dey  , Moran Deepshikha
Published: February 2025

A study has been carried out to find out the diversity of butterflies at the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati campus, Assam India from September 2019 to March 2022. In the present study, a total of 82 species with a total of 1,378 individuals of butterflies belonging to six families, namely, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, and Riodinidae have been recorded. During the survey, the maximum number of butterflies were observed in the old E-type site and D-type site and its adjoining areas, where there are abundant flowering, host, and nectar-collecting plants and wildflowers, and a minimum number of butterflies were listed from old and new guest house site and transit campsites. Among four study years, 2020 had the highest genera and species number followed by the year 2021. From the present study it can be concluded that despite urbanization, there is a good diversity of butterflies. Therefore, the implementation of appropriate and effective conservation methods is of utmost importance in order to protect the diversity.
Transcytosis of LDL Across Arterial Endothelium: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Bolanle Israel O. , de Liedekerke Beaufort Gaetan C. , Weinberg Peter D.
Published: February 2025

Transport of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) from plasma to arterial intima is thought to be rate limiting in the development of atherosclerosis. Its variation likely determines where lesions develop within arteries and might account for some of the currently unexplained difference in disease susceptibility between individuals. It may also be critical in the development of lipid-rich, unstable plaques. Mechanisms have been controversial but recent evidence suggests that caveolar transcytosis across endothelial cells is the dominant pathway. Receptors involved are LDLR (LDL receptor), SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1), and ALK1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1). The role of LDLR is influenced by IL-1β (interleukin-1β); the role of SR-B1 by HDL (high-density lipoprotein), DOCK4 (dedicator of cytokinesis 4), GPER (G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor), and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1); and the role of ALK1 by BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) 9. Additionally, BMP4 stimulates transcytosis, and FSTL1 (follistatin-like 1 protein) inhibits it. Fundamental transcytotic mechanisms include caveola formation, undocking, trafficking, and docking; they are influenced by cholesterol-lowering agents, MYDGF (myeloid-derived growth factor), MFSD2a (major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a; in the blood-brain barrier), and inhibitors of dynamin-2 and tubulin polymerization. The relative merits of different therapeutic approaches are discussed, with statins, colchicine, benzimidazoles, and metformin being existing drugs that might be repurposed and salidroside and glycyrrhizic acid being nutraceuticals worth investigating. Finally, we discuss evidence against the ferry-boat model of transcytosis, the contributions of receptor-mediated, fluid-phase, and active transcytosis, and where inhibition of transcytosis might be most beneficial.
Evaluation of Sex-Related Differences in Cerebrovascular Bypass Patency: Review of 357 Direct Cerebral Bypasses
Authors: McGuire Laura Stone , Abou-Mrad Tatiana , Du Xinjian , Alaraj Ali , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Atwal Gursant , Charbel Fady T.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Demographics and comorbid conditions play a role in vascular health, yet their specific impact on cerebrovascular bypass patency remains unclear.

METHODS:

An institutional database of 357 patients with intracranial bypass procedures between August 2001 and May 2022 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with bypass for all causes (eg, aneurysm, atherosclerotic disease, moyamoya disease) were included. Medical history, surgical technique, and flow-related measurements (intraoperatively and on quantitative magnetic resonance angiography at follow-up) were compared across biological sex and in relation to bypass patency. Bonferroni correction was applied to the initial analysis (
P
≤0.00167). The remaining analyses were considered exploratory. Propensity score–matched analysis matched cardiovascular risk factors and compared women and men in bypass patency.

RESULTS:

Of 357 patients, 141 were men (39.5%) and 216 were women (60.5%) with average age of 49.0±16.7 years and an average follow-up of 1.97 years. Bypass patency at last follow-up was 84.4% (n=114) for men versus 69.2% (n=148) for women (
P
=0.001). Differences were seen in underlying diagnoses, with more aneurysm and moyamoya cases represented in female sex (
P
<0.001); irrespective of diagnosis, lower patency rates were seen in women when considering bypass for aneurysm (
P
=0.032), moyamoya disease (
P
=0.035), and for atherosclerotic disease (
P
=0.159). Medical comorbidities were seen at higher rates in men, with comorbidity score of 2.7 versus 2.1 (
P
<0.001). Cut flow was higher in men 59.2 versus 51.1 (
P
=0.028), with no differences in intraoperative bypass flow, cut flow index, or follow-up quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. After removing cases using interposition grafts, similar differences were redemonstrated. Propensity score–matched analysis found women have a 2.71 higher chance of bypass occlusion after adjusting for cut flow index (
P
=0.017 [95% CI, 1.19–6.18]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Biological sex appears to play a role in bypass patency, across diagnoses. Women were less likely to have patent bypasses at the last follow-up, despite having fewer medical comorbidities than men and despite having similar intraoperative and perioperative flows.
The Universe as a Great Human Being: Eco-Cosmology in Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ
Authors: Darraz Muhammad Abdullah
Published: February 2025

The ecological crisis represents a significant challenge to our intellectual and spiritual understanding, reflecting a crisis in our comprehension of the relationship between humanity and the natural world. The reality of nature has been constrained by the limitations of human knowledge, which perceives nature as simply a physical entity devoid of its metaphysical and spiritual dimensions. Consequently, nature is regarded as a mere aggregation of inanimate objects that humans can treat indifferently. This research project aims to explore the concept of the universe as a great human being (al-ʿālam insān kabīr), an Islamic eco-cosmological concept formulated in the fourth/tenth century by a Muslim philosopher-scientist group called the Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (fl. third-fourth/ninth-tenth centuries) in their magnum opus, Rasāʾil (“Epistles”). The Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ espouse a vision that is spiritually considerate of nature/the universe, based on a more holistic and ontological-metaphysical worldview. The Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ recognize the hierarchical structure of existence initiated by God as the origin of all that exists, encompassing both rational-metaphysical entities and physical entities. It is impossible to consider the physical entities in isolation from the metaphysical and the existence of God. In addition to examining the concept of the universe as a great human being, this paper will also investigate certain environmental issues based on the derived entities (al-mawjūdāt al-muwalladāt), including minerals, plants, animals, and humans.
Old collections, new taxa: late Carboniferous (Moscovian) roachoids (stem group Dictyoptera) among plants with insect interactions from the Benxi Formation, China, stored in European museums
Authors: SANTOS ARTAI A. , MCLOUGHLIN STEPHEN , MOTTEQUIN BERNARD , ROBIN NINON , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: February 2025

The late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) witnessed the intensification of climatic gradients with the onset of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age. During this time, high latitudes were characterized by the spread of ice sheets, whereas the palaeotropics hosted the emergence of vast, verdant, coal-forming, swamp forests. Not only were the planet’s landscapes transformed through proliferation and diversification of vascular plants, but the evolution of diverse insect groups, including ‘primitive’ roachoids, reconfigured the terrestrial fauna. Here, we re-examine and describe new roachoid taxa from Moscovian strata of the Benxi Formation. The studied insect material was sourced from early 20th century collections held in the Swedish Museum of Natural History and the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, and is co-preserved with a broad array of plant fossils—some with evidence of herbivory damage. Our findings introduce Tangshanblatta inexpectata gen. et sp. nov. (Phyloblattidae), Pseudaphtoromylacris paucinervis gen. et sp. nov. (in the family Pseudaphtoromylacridae, fam. nov.), Spilarchimylacris kaipingense sp. nov. (Archimylacridae), and Etomylacris straeleni sp. nov. and Sooblattella ater sp. nov. (both Mylacridae). We establish Pseudaphtoromylacridae on the basis of several new characters that clearly differentiate it from related families. Etomylacris is restored from synonymy with Mylacris. The co-preserved plant fossils reveal a rich palaeovegetation including pteridophytes, ‘pteridosperms’, sphenophytes, conifers, and arborescent lycophytes. The remains of these plants bear seven distinct damage types belonging to four functional feeding groups: hole feeding, margin feeding, piercing and sucking, and oviposition. This diversity of insects, plants, and herbivory strategies signifies a relatively complex food web in the Carboniferous tropical coal-forming forests of northeast China. This study also demonstrates the value of historical museum collections and the importance of inter-institutional collaboration for piecing together palaeobiodiversity and palaeoecological information from now inaccessible fossil sites.
Additions to Termitomyces aurantiacus growing termite comb-associated fungi
Authors: YANG ERFU , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , SHAO SHICHENG , HAN LISU , SAMARAKOON MILAN C. , ELGORBAN ABDALLAH M. , CHIU CHUNI , TIBPROMMA SAOWALUCK , PROMPUTTHA ITTHAYAKORN
Published: February 2025

The Macrotermitinae termites, the only lineage that maintains and cultivates Termitomyces species as nutritional ectosymbionts, resemble human agricultural activities. Found in savannah and rainforest ecosystems across Africa and Asia, these termites enhance the physical and chemical properties of soil and influence the composition of microbial communities. However, fungus-growing termites also pose significant threats to agriculture and forestry. Termitomyces species, dominant fungi propagated within biomass-containing cork-like structures (“fungus comb”), also contain trace amounts of non-termitomyces fungi. In the summer of 2022, we collected combs of the subterranean fungus-growing termites that cultivate Termitomyces aurantiacus from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden. To validate our results, we used a culture-dependent method to isolate fungi residing in termite fungus gardens. This method was further validated by confirming their taxonomic classification through morphological and phylogenetic results. The findings of these studies led to the identification of one new (Geotrichum xishuangbannaensis) and four known (Paecilomyces formosus, Paecilomyces lagunculariae, Pleurostoma richardsiae, and Pseudallescheria angusta) species. We provide comprehensive descriptions, photographic illustrations of morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic trees of the taxa.
New latest Famennian (Late Devonian) cystoporate bryozoans from the Bulongguoer section, northwest Xinjiang, China
Authors: TOLOKONNIKOVA ZOYA A. , SONG JUNJUN , ZONG RUIWEN
Published: February 2025

A diverse bryozoan fauna was identified from the upper member of the Hongguleleng Formation (Uppermost Famennian) in western Junggar, China. There are fenestrates, cryptostomates, trepostomates and cystoporates, including two new cystoporate species Cheilotrypa gongae sp. nov. and Cheilotrypa strunica sp. nov. It is the first record of Strunian bryozoans in Xinjiang. The assemblage includes previously known early Famennian taxa and new taxa for that region, which migrated into the Xinjiang basin from different shelves of Palaeotethys. The bryozoan fauna points to close palaeobiogeographical relations between Northwest China and Kazakhstan during the latest Devonian at species and genus level. At the genus level, bryozoans from Xinjiang and Kuznetsk basin, and south of Western Siberia are also similar.
Reproduction, Variation and Reconstruction of the Bashu Regional Image in the English Translation of Tang Poetry
Authors: Xia Yu
Published: February 2025

This study explores the reproduction, variation, and reconstruction of the "Bashu regional image" in the English translations of Tang poetry, particularly focusing on the works of the esteemed poet Li Bai. Unlike traditional poetic imagery, regional images possess distinct local characteristics that reflect the unique cultural and geographical context of their origin. The Bashu region, known for its rugged landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and inclusiveness, serves as a quintessential example of this phenomenon. Li Bai's poetry, especially in pieces such as "On the Flowery Tower in the Town of Silk" and "The Moon over the Eyebrow Mountain," is infused with vivid Bashu cultural images that merit scholarly attention. This paper examines how these regional images are reproduced, altered, and reinterpreted in English translations, particularly considering the timeline of Li Bai’s experiences in Bashu. By analyzing the nuances of translation, this research aims to elucidate the complexities involved in conveying regional imagery to a global audience. Ultimately, it seeks to highlight the significance of maintaining the essence of local culture in translation, thus enhancing our understanding of both the source material and its adaptations across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Through this investigation, the study contributes to the broader discourse on the interplay between language, culture, and poetic expression in the context of ancient Chinese literature.
Scientification of politics or politicisation of science? Parliamentary committee hearings on the Finnish alcohol policy reforms in 1994 and 2017 as epistemic work
Authors: Katainen Anu , Syväterä Jukka , Westermarck Josefin , Warpenius Katariina
Published: February 2025

The study examined how alcohol policy stakeholders use research evidence to influence legislation and how the role of evidence and scientific expertise has changed over the past three decades in parliamentary alcohol policy consultations in Finland. The data consisted of parliamentary committee hearings on the comprehensive Alcohol Act reforms of 1994 and 2017. The analysis focused on the statements made by experts representing corporate interests, non-governmental organisations and research. The findings indicate the growing importance of science in the ways alcohol policies are influenced during the final stages of the law-making process. Researchers are being heard more frequently, and referencing research evidence has become a significant part of the epistemic work by which various stakeholders in the alcohol policy domain attempt to influence decision-makers. However, the scientification of policy debate does not necessarily indicate an increasing authority of science in determining policy outcomes. The demand for evidence appears to signal a shift in discourse rather than a change in the practice of parliamentary decision-making. Moreover, the consolidation of the ideal of evidence-based policymaking seems to be accompanied by shifting ways in which scientific experts are used – trending towards a legitimising function and an interest-based orientation.
Impact of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases on Clinical Outcomes in Patients undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Theodoropoulou Theoni , Apostolos Anastasios , Ktenopoulos Nikolaos , Koliastasis Leonidas , Tsalamandris Sotirios , Mourouzis Iordanis , Pantos Constantinos , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Toutouzas Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Patients with autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease (CID) are at an increased risk of valvular heart disease, including aortic valve stenosis, insufficiency, or both. The impact of CID on the prognosis of surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of CID on major clinical outcomes in this population. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality between patients with CID and controls. Secondary endpoints included, long-term all-cause mortality, stroke and in-hospital infection. Statistical analysis included Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Five studies involving 572,351 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with CID had a greater 30-day mortality (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.27; P < .001) and a higher rate of in-hospital infection (RR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.41; P < .001). No differences were observed in the other secondary endpoints. Patients with CID are at an increased risk of short-term all-cause mortality and in-hospital infections after AVR. Further studies are required to validate our results and define the optimal management of these patients.
Assessment of Automation Models in Hospital Pharmacy: Systematic Review of Technologies, Practices, and Clinical Impacts
Authors: Meknassi Salime Ghita , Bhirich Nihal , Cherif Chefchaouni Ali , El Hamdaoui Omar , El Baraka Soumaya , Elalaoui Yassir
Published: February 2025

Medication management in hospitals is a complex process that encompasses every step from prescription to administration, involving multiple healthcare professionals. This process is prone to various errors that can compromise patient safety and generate significant human and financial costs. Automation in hospital pharmacies represents a major advancement, enhancing patient safety, optimizing professional practices, and reducing hospital expenses. This study aims to analyze the different types of automation systems used in hospital pharmacies, assess the impact of automation, and explore its benefits as well as the challenges and limitations associated with its implementation. A literature search was conducted using the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases, covering the period from 1992 to 2024. A total of 129 relevant articles related to the automation of medication preparation and distribution, as well as its challenges and perspectives were included in this study. Automated technologies significantly contribute to reducing medication errors, strengthening traceability, optimizing inventory management, and alleviating the workload of healthcare professionals. However, challenges persist, particularly in terms of costs, integration with existing processes, and staff training. The use of artificial intelligence offers promising prospects for improving the accuracy and operational efficiency of automation systems.
Efficacy of Alfacalcidol Versus Calcitriol in Managing Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: El Nekidy Wasim S. , Ghazal Iyad , Mallat Jihad , Abidi Emna , Malik Amir , Madhyastha Rakesh , Hijazi Fadi , Ghosn Muriel
Published: February 2025

Background: Data comparing the efficacy of alfacalcidol to that of calcitriol in managing secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scarce. We sought to compare the efficacy of both drugs in managing hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study conducted from January 2022 to March 2023 included adults with CKD stages 3 to 5 (non-dialysis) who received alfacalcidol for 3 months followed by calcitriol for another 3 months. Assessments were done at baseline and after 3 months of each treatment. The primary outcome was iPTH suppression, and the secondary outcome was total serum calcium levels. Results: A total of 70 patients were included, with 34 (48.6%) being male. The cohort’s mean age was 65.5 ± 15 years. CKD stage 3 comprised 47.1% of the sample. The median dose of alfacalcidol was 0.5 (0.25-0.8) µg compared to 0.5 (0.25-0.5) µg for calcitriol ( P = .001). Alfacalcidol did not significantly suppress iPTH levels, with median values of 13.31 (8.23-24.4) pg/mL at baseline and 12.5 (8.86-24.7) pg/mL after 3 months ( P = .937). In contrast, calcitriol significantly reduced iPTH levels from 12.5 (8.86-24.7) pg/mL to 10.7 (5.7-19) pg/mL ( P = .017). Additionally, alfacalcidol did not significantly increase calcium levels, while calcitriol did. Throughout the study period, albumin values, the follow-up times, and the use of phosphate binders or non-active vitamin D remained consistent for each drug. The multivariate Generalized Estimating Equations indicated that baseline iPTH [ B = 0.041, 95% CI (0.03- 0.05); P < .001], calcitriol [ B = −0.278, 95% CI (−0.5 to −0.06); P = .014], daily dose of the study drug [ B = −0.45, 95% CI (−0.7 to −0.2); P < .001], and baseline phosphorus level [ B = 0.354, 95% CI (0.004-0.7); P = .047] were independent factors associated with iPTH suppression. Conclusion: Calcitriol, at significantly lower doses, was more effective than alfacalcidol in suppressing iPTH levels and increasing calcium levels over 3 months. A randomized controlled study is needed to confirm these findings.
Unguarded Areas and Rural Insecurity in Nigeria, 2010–2022
Authors: Abraham Omakoji Mark , Mbah Peter Oluchukwu , Ocheni Mabe Mercy , Obiagu Uchenna C.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the link between unguarded areas and rural insecurity within the context of the Nigerian State. It argued that poor deployment of security technologies to rural areas induces rural insecurity in Nigeria. The ungoverned spaces thesis underpinned the study and informed its adoption of mixed research strategies to generate detailed data/information necessary to provide insights into the problem under investigation. Data examination revealed a correlation between the key variables. The findings suggest the need for effective rural security surveillance and adequate deployment of modern security technologies to rual areas, with capacity building for security personnel to keep them abreast of modern security gadgets to abate rural insecurity in the country.
An Intervention Model for Mental Health Service Provision for Deaf Children in Zimbabwe: The Case of Danhiko Secondary School
Authors: Chidavaenzi Audrey Tafadzwa , Matende Tawanda , Chitereka Chipo
Published: February 2025

The study analysed the mental health services for Deaf children in Zimbabwe and consequently provided an intervention framework to improve service delivery. The study sought to establish mental health challenges currently experienced by Deaf children, available mental health services for Deaf children, the barriers that hinder accessibility of the resources and propose intervention strategies to improve the mental health services. The guiding theoretical framework for the study was the social model of disability. In fulfilment of the aim and objectives of the study, Danhiko Secondary School was selected as the study site where both male and female Deaf students were selected as participants. A qualitative approach was used in which purposive and quota sampling were applied and data were collected through respondent focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed through thematic analysis and findings were that Deaf children experience anxiety and depression as Deaf culture conflicted with the hearing community. Identified as main sources for mental health service provision were the Deaf community and non-governmental organisations. The study discovered that the barriers that hinder accessibility of mental health services include stigma, communication barriers and lack of awareness on mental health and disability inclusion. Possible intervention strategies provided by respondents were partnerships between relevant organisations and awareness building and training. Conclusively, it was evident that mental health challenges are present among Deaf children and exist within the context of their unique Deaf culture and community. Such views are supported by literature and highlight the need for a culturally relevant intervention model for mental health service provision for Deaf children.
The Rocky Mountain Humanistic Counseling and Psychological Association: An Emergent Leader for Humanity
Authors: Hoffman Louis , Edwards Lindsay , Enegren Edbury , Granger Nathaniel , Vallejos L. Xochtil , Vargas H. Luis , Varisco Brittany , Wickramasekera Ian
Published: February 2025

The Rocky Mountain Humanistic Counseling and Psychological Association (RMHCPA) was founded in 2016 as a local psychological organization with a commitment to building a humanistic community in Colorado. Since this time, the organization’s mission expanded to include purchasing a building that houses the International Archives of Existential and Humanistic Psychology, the International Archives of Transpersonal Psychology, and its training clinic, the Center for Humanistic and Interpersonal Psychology (CHIP). RMHCPA's vision has, from the outset, deeply embraced diversity, equity, and inclusion, as demonstrated in the constitution of its Board, the themes of its conferences, and the selection of its continuing education workshops. The community focus of RMHCPA has expanded to include local, national, and international involvement and connection.
Institutional Trust, Corruption, and Democracy: Relationships Based on People’s Perceptions Worldwide
Authors: Mizrahi Shlomo , Krup Dana Natan
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the relationships between corruption, democracy and trust in government, emphasizing the effect of societal norms that support corruption on these relationships. The empirical analysis uses data collected by the World Value Survey (Round 7) about citizens’ evaluations and perceptions about these issues. The findings show that social norms that see corruption as legitimate weaken the negative effect of actual institutional corruption on institutional trust. Furthermore, a weakening of democracy encourages institutional corruption that then reduces institutional trust. These moderating–mediating relationships also hold when including individual and country-level factors. Thus, the view that corruption is destructive to trust and to the quality of government is conditioned by people’s norms and beliefs. Our findings can help explain popular support for and the public legitimacy of politicians who engage in corrupt behavior in various countries, and more generally, the weakening of democratic systems and values all over the world.