bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-user Watermarking Based on Paralleled Invertible Neural Networks
Authors: Shi Jinghui , Yang Zhiguang , Li Li , Ye Jingyu , Dong Zhicheng , Wu Hanzhou
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, more and more deep-faked audios have emerged in cyberspace, leading to an urgent need for detecting and tracing deep fake audios. Watermarking provides an active method for detecting deep-faked audios, and especially through multi-bit watermarking technology. Multiple watermarks can provide stronger protection and tracking capabilities in various scenarios. Especially users can upload audios that incorporate with both personal watermarks of lyricist and composer and platform watermarks, ensuring a better monitor the dissemination and usage of audio. The current methods for embedding multi-user watermarks require training multiple networks, and these networks may interfere with each other during the training process. To address this issue, we propose an audio watermarking technique based on Paralleled Invertible Neural Networks (PINN), which allows splitting a single network into multiple networks for multi-user watermark embedding while training only one network. Specifically, we design a parallel-structured invertible neural network. This reversible structure is flexible, allowing the network to be split into multiple sub-networks for watermark rewriting or multi-user watermark embedding, with these embedded watermarks being independent of each other. By embedding multiple watermarks in the carrier, deep-faked audio can be identified and its source traced. Each watermark can be rewritten through a small-scale sub-network without affecting the others, making this approach more convenient in practical applications. Experimental results shows that the proposed method can effectively authenticate audios and has strong resistance to common distortions. Furthermore, partial rewriting experiments demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed method.
optRF: Optimising random forest stability by determining the optimal number of trees
Authors: Lange Thomas Martin , Heinrich Felix , Gültas Mehmet , Schmitt Armin Otto
Published: November 2024

Machine learning is frequently used to make decisions based on big data. Among these techniques, random forest is particularly prominent in genomic research, where it is used for selecting the best individuals within a test population or for identifying the most important genomic markers. Although random forest is known to have many advantages, one aspect that is often overseen is that it is a non-deterministic method that can produce different models using the same input data. This can have severe consequences on decision-making processes. In this study, we introduce a method to quantify the impact of non-determinism on predictions, variable importance estimates, and the selection process. Our findings demonstrate that increasing the number of trees in random forests enhances the stability in a non-linear way while computation time increases linearly. Consequently, we conclude that there exists an optimal number of trees for any given data set that maximises the stability without unnecessarily extending the computation time. Based on these results, we have developed the R package optRF which models the relationship between the number of trees and the stability of random forest, providing recommendations for the optimal number of trees for any given data set.
Impact of Cobalt Doping on the Structural, Optical, and Electronic Characteristics of xCo:NiO Crystal Lattice
Authors: J Mangaiyarkkarasi , D Sivaganesh , S Sasikumar
Published: November 2024

We employed a cost-effective co-precipitation method to fabricate nanostructures of xCo:NiO where x values of cobalt 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 were utilized. Our subsequent investigation included a thorough characterization of the resulting samples using various techniques, including Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Analysis of the PXRD data unveiled an average crystallite size spanning from 33 nm to 44 nm, determined through the application of the Scherrer formula. The XRD data were used to extract parameters such as lattice constant, cell volume, dislocation density, and microstrain. The application of the maximum entropy method allowed for an exploration of the electronic structure and interatomic bonding within the unit cell of cobalt-doped NiO. These investigations revealed that the incorporation of cobalt authenticates the covalent bond strength between nickel and oxygen, as evidenced by the mid-bond density values. Employing UV-Vis analysis, we determined the optical band gap (Eg) values, falling within the range of 4.371 eV to 4.697 eV, thereby confirming the wide band gap characteristics of NiO. The FTIR findings revealed the existence of significant functional groups at various stages of the synthesis process.
Artificial Neural Networks-Based HVDC System for Transient Stability Enhancement of Nigeria Power Grid
Authors: Ohanu Chibuike Peter , Ogbuefi Uche C. , Ejiogu Emenike
Published: November 2024

The increasing disturbances in power system networks present significant challenges to maintaining stability, especially in grid-tied generators, posing risks to synchronism and grid resilience. In this paper, an artificial neural networks (ANN) based high-voltage direct current system is applied as a FACTS device to improve the transient stability of a multi-generator power system. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on Nigeria 330kV 40-bus transmission network using the MATLAB-based Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). An initial system assessment used the Newton-Raphson power flow method and eigenvalue analysis to establish base case stability metrics and to reveal critical stability issues. This analysis shows a significant voltage reduction of 0.70 per unit (pu) and synchronism loss under fault conditions on the test system. The application of proportional-integral (PI) controller-based HVDC systems improved the system to a minimum voltage magnitude of 0.80 pu, which is below the statutory transmission voltage limit of 0.95 to 1.05 pu. Therefore, an ANN-based HVDC system was along the lines and this shows significant improvement with a three-phase fault clearing time reduced to 2 seconds, compared to the 3 seconds obtained with the PI controller-based device. This method improved voltage profile to a minimum voltage magnitude of 0.98 pu, improving system stability and synchronism. The results highlight a 27.8% improvement in voltage magnitude, affirming the proposed method as a superior alternative for transient stability enhancement. This paper provides valuable insights into the integration of intelligent systems for sustainable power grid operation and improved fault resilience in complex power networks.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Transformation of Spent NCM811 into Efficient TMO Electrocatalysts
Authors: Jang Haeseong , Kim Hyeeun , Kim Seongkwan , Kim Min-Ho , Hwang Chihyun
Published: December 2024

The expansion of electric vehicles has increased spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) containing valuable transition metals. Recycling these materials reduces economic costs and addresses resource shortages. Additionally, transition metal-based catalysts derived from spent LIBs can replace expensive noble metal catalysts. This study examines the catalytic performance of spent LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) materials, enhanced by adjusting mixed valence states and defect structures. Increasing calcination temperature transformed the layered structure into spinel and rock salt phases, inducing mixed valence states. Consequently, the optimized NCM catalysts exhibited improved catalytic activity in both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The ORR onset potential increased by 0.07 V, while the OER overpotential decreased by about 26.9%. In a zinc-air battery, the optimized catalyst demonstrated a discharge capacity of 792.1 mAh g⁻¹ and stable performance over 100 cycles. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed Mn as the main active site, with Ni and Co enhancing Mn's activity as electron donors and acceptors. These findings suggest that calcination-induced structural changes and mixed valence states enhance Mn site reactivity, improving catalytic performance. Overall, this study highlights the feasibility of repurposing spent LIB cathode materials into efficient electrocatalysts, thereby improving the economic viability and sustainability of catalyst development.
LncRNA-DRNPC competitively binds miR-27a to inhibit EBV-LMP1-mediated ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) stress-metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
Authors: Cao Xianbao , Cai Lan , Li Tianshu , Feng Chun , Zhang Jinqian
Published: December 2024

Background
The details of the regulatory mechanism in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma related to lncRNAs are unclear.
Methods
The bio-functions of LncRNA-DRNPC-miR-27a-FAM172A interaction net in the relationships between ER stress, NPC invasion were investigated.
Results
There was high expression of miR-27a and low expression of LncRNA-DRNPC in NPC tumor tissues. LncRNA-DRNPC regulated miR-27a as a ceRNA, and miR-27a inhibited FAM172A expression, which participated in the regulation of ER stress-related NPC invasion induced by EBV-LMP1.
Conclusion
LncRNA-DRNPC competes with miR-27a mediated by FAM172A and participated in the regulation of the NPC cell invasion associated with ER stress.
Variation in soil microbial communityand its mechanisms along an elevation gradient in the Qilian mountains, China
Authors: BAI Li-li , WANG Wen-ying , Liancourt Pierre , Michalet Richard , CHEN Zhe , lamu Deque , CHEN Xiao-yue , XIONG You-cai
Published: December 2024

Untangling the multiple drivers that affect biodiversity along elevation gradients is crucial for predicting the consequences of climate change on mountain ecosystems. However, the distribution patterns of microorganisms along elevation gradients have not yet been clarified, in particular when associated to strong changes in dominant species. Five typical vegetations (i.e., coniferous forest, meadow grassland, alpine shrub, alpine meadow, and sparse vegetation of limestone flats) from contrasting vegetation belts were selected to explore the influence of elevation gradients on soil microbial communities. The results showed that Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phylum. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the prevalent fungal phylum. Soil bacterial alpha diversity increased with increasing elevation, while soil fungal alpha diversity showed an obvious mid-elevation pattern. The beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities reflected a clear spatial niche-differentiation, and indicated that herbaceous plants affected soil bacterial communities while shrubs preferred soil fungal communities. Correlation analysis showed that environmental factors had different contributions to the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. Soil bacteria were primarily affected by soil properties whereas fungi were affected by vegetation. Our results can improve the prediction of soil microorganism ecological processes and patterns as related to elevation and provide a theoretical basis for soil microbial prediction in the context of global change.
Impact of Post Operative Tip Apex Distance, Cortical reduction, lateral wall integrity on radiological outcome in unstable trochanteric fractures managed by cephallomedullary nail in elderly
Authors: niraj nishant kumar
Published: November 2024

Background:
The global elderly population is steadily increasing, and among the fractures commonly observed in this age group, trochanteric hip fractures are particularly prevalent. Over time, various implant designs have been developed to manage these fractures, with the proximal femoral nail (PFN) emerging as the preferred choice for treating unstable trochanteric fractures due to its biomechanical advantages.
However, despite its benefits, the application of PFN is not without challenges. Complications such as screw cut-out, Z-effect, reverse Z-effect, and suboptimal functional outcomes have been reported in some cases.
This study aims to evaluate the individual and combined effects of key factors—tip-apex distance (TAD), lateral wall integrity, and the type of cortical reduction observed in immediate postoperative images—on the final radiological outcomes in elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed using PFN.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective observational study conducted in our institution from June 2021 to December 2023. After fulfilling the inclusion & exclusion criteria of our study, we had 100 patients; 35 males & 65 females with mean age of about 71 years with unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed with proximal femoral nail. All patients were followed for at least a minimum period of 6 months. Regular Antero posterior and lateral view X rays of the operated femur were taken when patient came for follow up and were analysed for signs of radiological union and any mechanical failure.
Results:
Patients with all 3 parameters in acceptable range (i.e.TAD < 25mm, positive cortical reduction in anteroposterior & lateral views and maintained/restored integrity of the lateral cortical wall showed comparatively better radiological outcome with fracture union & less number of mechanical failures.
Conclusions:
We would like to conclude from this study that intertrochanteric fractures fixed using proximal femoral nail with positive cortical support, maintained or restored functional integrity of lateral wall & TAD <25 in the immediate postoperative radiographs had better radiological outcome & lesser incidence of mechanical failure compared to cases where one or more of these criteria were not met intraoperatively.
Cenário dos portais de revistas científicas das universidades federais nas capitais do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Vieira Junior Nilson Carlos , Shintaku Milton
Published: November 2024

No Brasil ainda há pouca informação consolidada sobre as revistas científicas. Por isso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar as revistas hospedadas em amostra de universidades federais da Região Sul, por meio de um levantamento documental nos portais, selecionando o portal da universidade federal mais tradicional do estado. Os resultados mostraram que a área de maior concentração de revista foi às ciências humanas e a menor com as Ciências Biológicas e que não há dados suficientes sobre cobrança de Article Processing Charge (APC). O estudo é preliminar, mas levanta sérias questões sobre a distribuição das revistas nos portais universitários e possíveis mudanças de comportamento voltado à disseminação da informação.
Editores associados da Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural: eficiência e eficácia no processo editorial
Authors: Coronel Daniel , Bender Filho Reisoli , Perondi Miguel Ângelo
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar detalhadamente os principais resultados alcançados pela Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural (RESR) após a introdução da figura institucional do “Editor Associado” no fluxo editorial. Os resultados indicaram uma redução no tempo de avaliação e um maior controle na gestão do fluxo editorial por parte do responsável pela avaliação de cada submissão. Além disso, essa mudança possibilitou a modernização da revista, do ponto de vista da eficiência, eficácia e sinergia do seu processo editorial, e ampliou o contato entre pesquisadores de várias instituições nacionais e internacionais que integram o comitê científico editorial. Isso contribuiu para a melhoria da avaliação Qualis CAPES do periódico no último quadriênio (2017-2020).
Estratégias de engajamento nas mídias sociais: estudo métrico do Journal of Nursing and Health
Authors: Bonow Clarice Alves , Porto Adrize Rutz , Ricci Adriele Peres Ramos , Casarin Sidneia Tessme , Ceolin Teila
Published: November 2024

O estudo analisa as estratégias de engajamento do Journal of Nursing and Health (JONAH) nas mídias sociais, especialmente no Instagram, durante o período de junho de 2023 a junho de 2024. Foram examinadas 102 postagens divididas em cinco categorias principais: divulgação de artigos, TBT, datas alusivas, indicações de leitura e Reels. A análise revelou que os Reels e as indicações de leitura, com maior alcance e engajamento, foram os formatos mais eficazes. Em contraste, TBT e datas alusivas, apesar de menor alcance, tiveram bom desempenho em engajamento. O estudo sugere diversificação de estratégias, incluindo o uso contínuo de Reels e parcerias, para aumentar o impacto nas redes sociais.
A edição de revistas científicas nos colégios de aplicação das universidades federais: o caso da Revista Ponto de Vista
Authors: Tiradentes Leomar , Reis Fábio Jaderson Miguel
Published: November 2024

Algumas instituições federais possuem espaços multidisciplinares destinados à formação de professores e de novas práticas educacionais, são os denominados Colégios de Aplicação, centros de excelências no ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Esses colégios totalizam vinte e quatro unidades no Brasil, também pesquisam e publicam em periódicos científicos, muitas vezes em seus próprios periódicos. Quais são esses periódicos? Como esses colégios realizam seus processos editoriais? De caráter exploratório e descritivo a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar, analisar e compreender os processos editorias de periódicos vinculados a um Colégio de Aplicação, tendo como estudo de caso a análise de um periódico vinculado a uma instituição de ensino superior no Estado de Minas Gerais.
Redes sociais online para divulgação científica: estudo de caso da Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia
Authors: Facina Taís Fernandes , Casado Letícia
Published: November 2024

A revolução tecnológica, especialmente com o avanço da internet e das redes sociais, transformou as formas de comunicação. No Brasil, 86,6% da população está conectada, sendo que 66,3% possui perfis em redes sociais. Diante desse cenário, este estudo analisou o uso das redes sociais na divulgação científica, com foco na Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia (RBC). Por meio de um estudo de caso descritivo, foram avaliadas as estratégias da RBC nas redes sociais digitais, destacando o aumento de alcance e engajamento após a implementação de novas práticas de marketing digital. O estudo evidencia a importância das redes sociais na ampliação da visibilidade científica.
Implicações éticas do uso da inteligência artificial (IA) em textos científicos: uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Quintino Matheus Eugênio Gonçalves , Garcia Antônio  Gaudí Pinheiro Vorcaro , Primola Arthur Minardi Santiago Peret , Chaves Elba Cristina , Souza Nathan Mendes , Oliveira Luciana Latorre Galves , Sousa Camila Vieira
Published: November 2024

O uso de inteligência artificial (IA) na produção de textos científicos tem suscitado questões éticas, especialmente com o advento de ferramentas avançadas como o ChatGPT e o ChatGPT-4.0. Esta tecnologia, ao ser empregada como assistente para a escrita e revisão de textos acadêmicos, levanta preocupações sobre a originalidade e a integridade das informações produzidas. Além disso, o uso de ferramentas “humanizadoras”, que têm o potencial de disfarçar a origem de textos gerados por IA, pode ser caracterizado como uma forma de fraude acadêmica. Este artigo examina essas questões, propondo uma reflexão sobre os limites éticos e as responsabilidades envolvidas no uso de IA em contextos científicos.
UNVEILING OPPORTUNITIES: EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT IN BIHAR
Authors:   Research Scholar, Institute of Management & Commerce, NIMS University, Jaipur Rajasthan., Kunal Kishor , Choudhary Anita ,   Assistant Professor, Institute of Management & Commerce, NIMS University, Jaipur Rajasthan.
Published: November 2024

Commercial real estate has emerged as a key driver of economic growth and urban development in India. However, most development has concentrated in major metros while Tier-2/3 cities offer huge untapped potential. Bihar is one such state witnessing early stage growth in commercial real estate. This study utilizes primary data from developer/investor interviews and secondary data from industry reports. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to assess historical trends, current status, growth drivers, challenges, and future outlook. The analysis indicates that office and retail sectors are witnessing maximum growth, driven by factors like increasing demand from IT/ITeS, organized retail, and e-commerce companies. However, challenges like nascent stage of development, infrastructure gaps, lack of financing, land acquisitions, and talent availability need to be addressed. The study provides an in-depth understanding of commercial real estate in Bihar. While immense potential exists, concerted efforts on infrastructure improvement, policy reforms, and private participation are vital to realize the full promise. Targeted recommendations are provided for stakeholders to chart the future growth trajectory.
DETERMINANTS OF PERCEIVED PARENTING STYLE, PARENT ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIP AND STRESS RESILIENCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING SELECTED HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, KERALA
Authors:   Final Year PG Student, Department of Child Health Nursing, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church College of Nursing Kolenchery, Kerala, India., Rajan Asha , Kurian Grace ,   Associate Professor (Former), Departmentof Child Health Nursing, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church College of Nursing Kolenchery, Kerala, India., Baby Geethu ,   Associate Professor, Department of Child Health Nursing, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church College of Nursing Kolenchery, Kerala, India.
Published: November 2024

Significant changes in physical, sexual, cognitive, social, and emotional domains occur during adolescence, which may be both exciting and frustrating for kids and their families.The studys objective was to identify the variables that influence adolescents opinions on parenting styles, the bond between parents and their kids, and their ability to cope with stress.A cross-sectional study of 131 adolescents from two distinct schools was carried out. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, the structured parent-adolescent relationship scale, and the parenting style scale were utilized. Structured questionnaires were used to gather socio-personal information. According to the studys findings, (a) adolescents most frequently viewed authoritative parenting as a parenting style.(b) The parent-adolescent connection between mother and father did not have significant difference. (c) More than three quarters of the subjects (76.30%) had an intermediate level of stress resilience. (d) The parenting style had significant relation with parent adolescent relationship and stress resilience. (e) The paternal parent adolescent relationship showed no significant relationship with stress resilience whereas maternal parent adolescent relationship showed significant relationship with stress resilience. (6)The study also showed that maternal parent adolescent relationship had significant association with age of adolescents, type of school and place of residence whereas paternal parent adolescent relationship had significant association with age of adolescents. (7) It also pointed that stress resilience of adolescents was statistically significant(p0.01) association with type of family of adolescents.
PERIODONTAL INFRABONY DEFECT GRAFTING WITH AND WITHOUT BIOCOMPATIBLE GRAFT MATERIAL DFDBA IN IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT AT EXTRACTION SITE
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kartikey Kumar , Sarkar Payal ,   Pediatric Dentist, MDS, Department of Pediatric &Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2024

Background: Immediate implant placement in contrast to delayed placement of implant may be advantageous butpresence of jumping gap, morphology of the site, presence of interdental crater or intrabony 2-3 walled defect complicates the placement of immediate implant at extraction site. To overcome these complicating factors bone substitute material ie DFDBA within the fixture-socket gap preserves alveolarridge volume by minimizing socket remodeling and encouraging de-novo bone formation.

Aim:To compare the hard tissue dimensions in immediately placed implants with and without biocompatible allograft material DFDBA at extraction site.

Material And Methods:A total number of 20 patients selected randomly from the Outpatient Department of Periodontology were categorized in two groupsCONTROL AND TEST GROUP.

Experimental GROUP A:- Immediate implant placement without DFDBA Bone Graft in fresh extraction socketin 10 patients.(Control Group)

Experimental GROUP B:Immediate implant placement with DFDBA Bone Graft in fresh extraction socket in10 patients.(Test Group)

Statistical Analysis:The data for the present study was entered in the Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software 23.0 Version.

Result: Test group showed increased bone dimensions post operatively after 6 months as compared to control group showing decreased bone resorption and encouraging de- novo bone formation property of DFDBA.

Conclusion:With guided bone regeneration by DFDBA for insertion of immediate dental implant displayed the predictable results when proper case selection and careful surgery was performed.
PREDICTION OF CRIMINAL TENDENCIES BYSOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND PERSONALITYCHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   MSc Forensic Science Graduates, Department of Forensic Science, Garden City University, Bangalore, India., Satheesh Aiswarya , Prem Alina ,   MSc Forensic Science Graduates, Department of Forensic Science, Garden City University, Bangalore, India., K.P Devananda ,   MSc Forensic Science Graduates, Department of Forensic Science, Garden City University, Bangalore, India., Sahay Mayuri ,   Assistant Professor,Department of Forensic Science, Garden City University, Bangalore, India.
Published: November 2024

Youth criminal activities and social media use have a convoluted relationship that is dependent on many factors. It is possible to predict that many people will continue to benefit from understanding the unique relationship between criminal tendencies and social media use. This study aims on hearing if social media use among the youth could be directly attributed to personality traits related with the Big Five model and general criminal behavior A questionnaire was administered to youngsters without any severe psychiatric diagnoses or criminal convictions, assessing their habits on social media and measuring their personality and criminal tendencies. Weak positive correlations were found between social media use and Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness,and Emotional stability as personality traits. Conscientiousness showed an inverse relation with criminal tendencies, while emotional stability demonstrated a positive correlation: r = 0.230, p = 0.018. The criminal tendency was weakly correlated to the usage of social media, and the correlation was not statistically significant: r = 0.081, p = 0.409. Instead, regression analysis indicated that a model containing conscientiousness, openness, and emotional stability explained the maximum variance in criminal tendencies. These findings might indicate that the personality traits influence more on delinquent behaviors of adolescents compared to the influences of social media usage, although these relationships are still not clear. In addition, the current research also highlights a point that extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and finally social media addiction are positively correlated. This study raises the need for further research toward an understanding of the complex relationship between personality, social media engagement, and criminal behavior in view of third variables that can have an intervening effect.
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR FOLKSTHROUGHINCAPACITY: A CHEERFULTHENTALENTEDUPCOMINGFAST
Authors:   Pursuing Ph.D. Tata Institute of Social Sciences Hyderabad., Das Sunanda
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) ambitiousanswersmust the possible to meaningfullyinfluencepersonsthroughincapacitiesthroughifhelp in their everydaydoingstheneasing the gaining of new-fangledaptitudes. The use of AI knowledge in supplementarypersonsbyincapacitiesconsumesnewforecastsaimed atornamentalconvenience, development inclusivity throughcivilization, thenallowingindependentalive, which would thenposturesubstantialtests or endureimpossible. By way of the arena of AI lasts to growth, it grips the possible to ease the expansion of progressivelyurbanethencrushedcontraventionmethods to challenge the multi-layeredproblemsmet by personsthroughincapacities. So, AI consumes the volume to substitutesuperior inclusivity aimed at this populace.Artificial intelligence (AI) has arisenby way of a transformative skillthose proposals original then efficient methods to easethe organisation of our ordinaryerrands. AI consumes the size to mechanizeerrands that usuallytrust on humanoidintellect, countinglanguagethenspeechcredit, graphicinsight, prognosticmanuscript functionality, executivethennumerousadditionalerrands. Thispossiblegripsimportantinsinuationsaimed atpersonsthroughincapacities, by way of AI containerhighlyimprove their flexibilitythencontribution in day-to-daydoings.The excellence of lifetimeaimed atpeoplebyincapacity (PwD) is damaginglypretentiousthenwhollycooperated. They musttrouble in execution the humblest of diurnalnowdoings. Messagebysisterhumanoidexistencesin adding to the aptitude to animateindependently is susceptible. The adding of expedients computational switchpreviouslyhastefinishedhumanoiddreampreviouslyastuteness, formerlycalled AI, consumes the gearsthenaptitude to decreasenumerousfences that influencePwD in their monotonouseverydaylifetime . It consumes the possible to lease them be culturedthenworking in a non-demeaning method. In this setting, many software businesses are in the procedure of investigationbesidesexpansion of tackles, which containerdefinitelyinfluencesthe exists of PwD. Aninadequate of the instancesstatedunderneath are revealing of the cheerfulthentalentedupcoming it grips for PwD.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON OSTEOARTHRITIS: RISK FACTORS, HISTOPHYSIOLOGIES, AND MANAGEMENT
Authors:   General Medicine Third Year Student (Group 3020a), Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan., Kumkum Kumkum , Saini Divyangi ,   General Medicine Third Year Student (Group 3020a), Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan., Kumar Sharma Manoj ,   Department of Department of Evidence Based Medicines and Clinical Pharmacology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan., Sharma Rajkamal ,   Department of Morphology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan., Singh Gurjar Surendra ,   Department of Morphology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan., Kumar Punit ,   Department of Morphology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
Published: November 2024

Joints comprise cartilage (articular cartilage), ligaments, capsules, and synovial fluid. The articular cartilage prevents friction and enables smooth movement of bones in a joint. Osteoarthritis is a common clinical condition that is represented as a increasing disease of joint. It affects not only the inner surface of the joint but also other connective tissues in the joint such as cartilage, ligaments, and bone. Thus, this disease affects the entire joint.Osteoarthritis is commonly represented by joint pain, joint stiffness, and inflammation,etc. There are many risks associated with osteoarthritis: ageing, overweight, diabetes, injury, genetic factors, etc.The superiority of osteoarthritis increases with age.It is not an inevitable consequence of ageing .According to WHO data about 528 million people globally were affected with arthritis in 2019 and about 73% of cases were more than 55 years old. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint but the most affected joint is the knee , followed by the hip joint, and hand joint. In this report, we examined many aspects of OA such asepidemiology, symptoms, risk factors, types of osteoarthritis, and treatment options. This article aims to improve the understanding of this musculoskeletal disorder and also recommends the effective management of the condition.
ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF NALBUPHINE 0.8 MG AND 1.6 MG AS AN ADJUVANT TO ROPIVACAINE 0.75% FOR ELECTIVE LOWER LIMB SURGERIES: RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND INTERVENTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   M.D Anaesthesia, Ex Resident SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Raj)., Chohan Navdeep , Meena Sunita ,   M.D. Anaesthesia, Professor SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Raj)., Singh Amrinderpal ,   MBBS, MS Orthopaedics, Department of Orthpaedics, District Hospital, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India., Singh Meena Jeetam ,   M.D. Paediatric Medicine, Associate Professor, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Raj).
Published: November 2024

Background And Aim: Intrathecal Nalbuphine as an adjuvant with Ropivacaine providing profound analgesia with lesser side effects. We aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of two different doses of intrathecal Nalbuphine (0.8mg versus 1.6mg) as an adjuvant to 0.75% isobaric Ropivacaine for elective lower limb Orthopaedic surgeries.

Material And Method: It was a Prospective Randomized Double-blind Interventional study in a total of 90 patients posted for elective lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia, age 18-60 years, either gender, ASA I and II, weight 40-70 kg, height Ã¢Â‰Â¥ 145cm allocated in 3 groups, all of whom received 2.5ml total drug volume, Group A- Ropivacaine 2ml +0.5ml normal saline, Group B- Ropivacaine 2ml + 0.8mg Nalbuphinein 0.5ml normal saline, Group C- Ropivacaine 2ml+ 1.6mg Nalbuphine in 0.5 ml normal saline. We recorded the onset of sensory and motor block, total duration of analgesia, sedation, VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and side effects.

Results: Onset of motor and the sensory block was earlier in Nalbuphine groups as compared to Ropivacaine alone. Analgesia was prolonged in 1.6mg Nalbuphine>0.8 mg Nalbuphine>Ropivacaine alone. VAS Score for rescue analgesia (>3) was achieved at 240 min in group B &C, and 210 min in groups A. Haemodynamic variables and sedation were comparable in all three groups and statistically non-significant. Hypotension, nausea and vomiting were higher in group C.

Conclusion: Nalbuphine dose 0.8mg and 1.6mg doses are equivalently effective as an intrathecal adjuvant in providing prolonged analgesia with isobaric Ropivacaine, but 0.8 mg is the optimal dose with lesser side effects.
Features of fatty acid indices in the assessment of metabolic disorders in obese adolescents
Authors: Oleynik O. A. , Samoilova Iu. G. , Matveeva M. V. , Podchinenova D. V. , Shuliko L. M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The population strategy of modern healthcare is aimed at preventing obesity and its complications. The study of the spectrum of fatty acids is a progressive direction of lipidomics in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders.

Aim. To evaluate the possibilities of calculated fatty acid indices in determining the risk of metabolic disorders in obese adolescents.

Materials and methods. Single-center observational single-stage comparative study. The study sample consisted of 155 adolescents aged 10–15 years. The main group was represented by 101 participants – 45 boys and 56 girls with diagnosed obesity of exogenous constitutional type, 1–2 degrees (SDS BMI +2,0–+3,0 ). The control group included 54 healthy children with -1<SDS BMI <1: 28 girls and 26 boys. The calculation of SDS BMI was carried out using the WHO computer program “Anthro Plus” for the age category from 5 to 19 years. The levels of fatty acids in the blood serum were determined by chromatomass spectrometry.

Results. Significantly lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and higher content of some monounsaturated ω-7 and ω-9 fatty acids, as well as the main representatives of the saturated fatty acid family, were observed in obese adolescents. The values of the ω-3 index, both for whole blood and for erythrocyte membranes, were statistically significantly reduced in the main group. Subintimal inflammatory reaction risk index and PUFA % index/%NLC had high values in boys and girls of both groups. The ω-6/ω-3 index on the background of obesity was increased only in boys. The activity of delta-6-desaturase did not differ statistically significantly between the groups.

Conclusions. The presented indices (ω-3 index, risk index of subintimal inflammatory reaction, ω-6/ω-3 index, polyunsaturated/saturated LC index, ω-6 desaturase activity index) require additional study and specification of application conditions, reference values and interpretation rules, especially in the pediatric population.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of topical steroids in young children: Clinical cases
Authors: Shkodkina S. A. , Afonina I. A.
Published: November 2024

Treatment of atopic dermatitis remains a serious challenge due to the prevalence of the disease, significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their families, as well as the risk of sensitization and triggering the “atopic march” in young children. It is known that the development of the disease is associated with a violation of the epidermal barrier; approximately half of the patients have defects in the production of filaggrin protein; in 30%, dermatosis is associated with allergic diseases, most often with food allergies. The course of atopic dermatitis is chronic, often persistently relapsing, and worsens in childhood. First of all, this is due to the peculiarities of the structure and functioning of the skin of children, which predisposes to disruption of its barrier functions, increased transdermal water loss and increased resorptive properties. The above factors determine the need for a particularly careful selection of drugs for external therapy of atopic dermatitis, which can not only cope with the acute period of the disease, achieve remission and control, but also have a sufficient level of safety and good tolerability. Topical corticosteroids remain one of the most commonly used basic therapy, the use of which is recommended by leading Russian and foreign experts. Most often in clinical practice, drugs with strong anti-inflammatory activity are used, one of which is methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1%, approved for use from 4 months of life. Extensive experience has been accumulated in the use of medicines containing this active substance, confirming its effectiveness and minimal side effects. The article presents our own experience of using methylprednisolone aceponate in the form of Comfoderm K cream (with ceramides as a base) in young children (up to 2 years), the results of which are consistent with the data on the high level of safety and effectiveness of the drug obtained earlier.
Vitamin D status in children with latent tuberculosis infection and patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Yarovaya J. A. , Lozovskaya M. E. , Krylova S. A. , Gurina O. P. , Blinov A. E. , Shibakova N. D.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Vitamin D plays an important role in anti-tuberculosis immunity, and the reduction level of this vitamin in the body is critical.

Aim. To estimate the probability of diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children with positive ATR-test and/or IGRA test results and different vitamin D status.

Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted in 46 children aged 1–14 years from 2021 to 2023 in the Tuberculosis Department of St. Petersburg Children’s Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 3. Exclusion criteria comprised severe immunodeficiency diseases. The examination methods included the complex phthisiological examination and determination of serum calcidiol concentrations (inactive, main form of vitamin D).

Results. 93.5% of the examined patients had low levels of this vitamin. The mean calcidiol level in all examined children was 14.60 ± 1.30 ng/ml. The clinical examination identified residual changes after earlier rickets in 80.4% of patients. Moreover, most children had normal blood macroelement concentrations: calcium – in 87.0%, phosphorus – in 67.4%, magnesium – in 84.8% of cases. The probability that active tuberculosis may be diagnosed in children with positive ATR-test and/or IGRA test results and vitamin D deficiency (level less than 20 ng/ml) was higher than in children with vitamin D deficiency and normal level (OR = 10.13 CI [2.32–44.17] Se = 0.75, RR = 2.66 CI [1.16–6.10] Se = 0.42; F = 0.0017; χ2 = 11.060 (p < 0.001); φc = 0.49). Among children with vitamin D deficiency (level less than 20 ng/ml) and active tuberculosis, the proportion of complicated and disseminated forms was 48.1%, while among children with vitamin D deficiency and normal concentration, it was not observed. Discussion. The mean calcidiol level in all examined children was 14.60 ± 1.30 ng/ml, which indicated the absence of active manifestations of rickets during examination, and therefore the prevalence of decreased immune system function due to vitamin D insufficiency.

Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is a significant endogenous factor contributing to the development of tuberculosis.
Sitosterolemia (phytosterolemia): Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis
Authors: Pshenichnikova I. I. , Zakharova I. N. , Korchagina Yu. V. , Pupykina V. V. , Okulova O. A. , Telezhnikova N. D. , Vasiluev P. A. , Ivanova O. N. , Baranova P. V. , Zakharova E. Yu. , Ezhov M. V.
Published: November 2024

Sitosterolemia (phytosterolemia) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of plant sterols (phytosterols). The disease is caused by loss-of-function genetic mutations in sterolin proteins, which play an important role in selective excretion of plant sterols. Patients exhibit increased serum levels of phytosterols, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is accompanied by the risk of pre-mature atherosclerosis. Patients can have severe sitosterolemia when xanthomatosis develops as early as in infancy. Hematological disorders in the form of macrothrombocytopenia, stomatocytosis, episodes of hemolysis are reported in patients with sitosterolemia, which can be the only manifestation of the disease and are often interpreted as a manifestation of immune thrombocytopenia or primary hemolytic anemia. Hepatoand splenomegaly, acute liver failure, arthralgia may also be seen. Due to the similarity of clinical phenotypes, sitosterolemia can be misdiagnosed as familial hypercholesterolemia. It is vitally important to perform differential diagnosis to distinguish it from such diseases as lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Tangier disease, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, primary biliary cirrhosis, storage diseases. The treatment of sitosterolemia in children includes the use of the intestinal cholesterol/phytosterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe and bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine. The effective use of the combination of these drugs is described. The partial bypass of the distal ileum where the absorption of cholesterol, phytosterols, and reabsorption of bile acids mainly occurs can be used in severe cases. For patients with advanced vascular atherosclerosis and resistance to the standard treatments, LDL-C apheresis could be considered. The article describes our own clinical observation of a five-year-old patient suffering from sitosterolemia.
Breastfeeding vs. formula feeding: How infant's immune system develops?
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Sugian N. G. , Orobinskaya Ya. V.
Published: November 2024

Breastfeeding affects infant’s health over the shortand long-term horizon. Components of breast milk such as immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, lipids, hormones and enzymes play an important role in protecting breastfed infants and contribute to the development of the immune system. The gut microbiome is one of the important role-players in the development of immunity. Its formation is influenced by many factors, and breastfeeding is considered one of the most significant. The gut microbiota composition significantly differs in breastfed and formula-fed infants. It may explain the reduced risk of many infectious and non-infectious diseases in breastfed infants. The main goal of formula manufacturers is to ensure not only healthy physical development of infants, but the same indicators of cognitive development, as well as protection from infections, which are observed in breastfed infants. When choosing a baby formula due to failure to breastfeed, it is important to choose a quality product that has a stimulating effect on the maturation of immunity and the formation of the infant's microbiota. Goat milkbased infant formulas are becoming popular in the world as an alternative to cow's milk-based infant formulas and can be the first choice for optimal nutrition. This review compares the various effects of breast milk and goat milk-based formulas on the formation of infant’s immunity.
Innate immunity of the urothelium: A new step in decoding pathogenesis and improving therapeutic strategy for recurrent urinary tract infections in children
Authors: Kasyanova A. N. , Klimov L. Ya. , Dolbnya S. V. , Karaikozova A. A. , Minasyan A. K. , Fedko N. A. , Zaritovskaya N. V. , Popova E. V. , Zakharova I. N.
Published: November 2024

Regulation of immune and inflammatory processes of the body is necessary to limit the pathogenic process induced by uropathogenic E. coli in the bladder and kidneys while limiting damage to epithelial barriers. This review presents modern ideas about the features of innate immunity of the epithelium of the urinary system (urothelium) as the first barrier to infectious agents. As the nature of immune responses in the urinary tract becomes clearer, this knowledge can be used to develop new and effective strategies for the treatment and/or prevention of urinary tract infection. Some of these strategies are aimed at enhancing innate immune responses, and some at adaptive immune responses. However, the effectiveness of these strategies is based almost exclusively on data obtained from experimental mouse models. Overall, these recent results continue to better illuminate the processes in the body that increase susceptibility to urinary tract infections and their severity. In addition to the isolation and characterization of the uropathogen, a key requirement in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection may be to determine the nature of a defect in the local urinary tract immune system. This information can eventually serve as a basis for the development of new possible therapeutic approaches to the treatment of acute and recurrent urinary tract infections and allow in the future to adapt treatment methods for individual patients in such a way that they are pathogenetically justified, as individualized as possible and reduce the risks of recurrence and chronization of urinary tract infections.
Intensificação do Trabalho dos Diretores Escolares de Salvador e Região Metropolitana
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo da Silva , Santos Catarina Cerqueira de Freitas , Nunes Ruth Silva
Published: November 2024

Ao investigar de que maneira ocorre a intensificação do trabalho dos (as) diretores (as) das escolas de Ensino Médio da Bahia, o artigo analisa os efeitos das transformações dos sentidos do trabalho na sociedade contemporânea e a introdução dos parâmetros da Nova Gestão Pública na educação. A partir da análise do marco legal e de entrevistas com os profissionais foi possível apontar como parte dos elementos desse processo:  a) maior centralização das decisões em detrimento da gestão democrática e; b) a naturalização do acúmulo e diversidade das tarefas.