bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric one‐storey elastic systems with non‐linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: Simplified analysis and supplemental damping system design
Authors: Lin Wen‐Hsiung , Chopra Anil K.
Published: March 2003

Investigated is the accuracy in estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear viscoelastic (VE) dampers by analysing the corresponding linear viscous system wherein all non‐linear VE dampers are replaced by their energy‐equivalent linear viscous dampers. The response of the corresponding linear viscous system is determined by response history analysis (RHA) and by response spectrum analysis (RSA) extended for non‐classically damped systems. The flexible and stiff edge deformations and plan rotation of the corresponding linear viscous system determined by the extended RSA procedure is shown to be sufficiently accurate for design applications with errors generally between 10 and 20%. Although similar accuracy is also shown for the ‘pseudo‐velocity’ of non‐linear VE dampers, the peak force of the non‐linear VE damper cannot be estimated directly from the peak damper force of the corresponding linear viscous system. A simple correction for damper force is proposed and shown to be accurate (with errors not exceeding 15%). For practical applications, an iterative linear analysis procedure is developed for determining the amplitude‐ and frequency‐dependent supplemental damping properties of the corresponding linear viscous system and for estimating the response of asymmetric one‐storey systems with non‐linear VE dampers from the earthquake design (or response) spectrum. Finally, a procedure is developed for designing non‐linear supplemental damping systems that satisfy given design criteria for a given design spectrum. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative assessment of analytical and digital photogrammetric methods in the construction of DEMs of geomorphological forms
Authors: Baily Brian , Collier Peter , Farres Paul , Inkpen Robert , Pearson Alastair
Published: March 2003

Traditionally, landforms have been measured using a combination of field survey techniques and analogue and analytical photogrammetry. With advances in computing power digital photogrammetric solutions are now seen as offering an affordable and cost effective way of mapping topographic features. This paper looks at the relative merits of each of these photogrammetric techniques, in terms of the practical considerations involved in data extraction and accuracies that can be achieved for a case study. The site investigated is Maiden Castle, situated southwest of Dorchester in Dorset, UK. This paper examines the relative accuracies of both digital and analytical photogrammetric techniques in relation to ground control points recorded using a global positioning system (GPS). Colour stereoscopic aerial photographs were taken of Maiden Castle, Dorset, in November 1999 at a scale of approximately 1 : 4000. Stereo models were constructed using pre‐marked ground control points positioned using post‐processed differential GPS. Subsequent analysis involved the calculation of residual values produced by comparing the computer‐generated surface with a set of test points measured using differential GPS. This research demonstrates that the optimal digital system matched the performance of analytical photogrammetry for the collection of geomorphological data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The third‐order polynomial method for two‐dimensional convection and diffusion
Authors: Tkalich Pavlo , Chan Eng Soon
Published: March 2003

Using the upstream polynomial approximation a series of accurate two‐dimensional explicit numerical schemes is developed for the solution of the convection–diffusion equation. A third‐order polynomial approximation (TOP) of the convection term and a consistent second‐order approximation of the diffusion term are combined in a single‐step flux‐difference algorithm. Stability analysis confirms that the TOP‐12 scheme satisfies the CFL condition for two dimensions. Using smaller and narrower flux stencils compared to algorithms of similar accuracy, the TOP‐12 scheme is more efficient in terms of computations per single node. Numerical tests and comparison with other well‐known algorithms show a high performance of the developed schemes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying emerging generic technologies at the national level: the UK experience
Authors: Keenan Michael
Published: March 2003

A main reason for the popularity of national technology foresight exercises over the last decade has been their promise of allowing emerging generic technology areas to be identified and prioritized for resource‐allocation purposes. Yet descriptions of the conduct of such exercises tend to be superficial, providing few clues to those wanting to undertake similar exercises. Taking the UK Technology Foresight Programme as an example, this paper sets out to describe the processes used to obtain a list of prioritized generic ‘themes’. We show that several difficult choices have to be made, often requiring an assessment of opposing and synergistic tendencies. In the case of the UK Programme, a number of decisions seemed to be taken without adequate regard to some of the consequences. This resulted in the identification of generic themes that were, for the most part, subsequently ignored. This paper sets out to explain how this state of affairs came about, and points to possible lessons for those intending to embark upon similar exercises. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De novo erythroleukemia chromosome features include multiple rearrangements, with special involvement of chromosomes 11 and 19
Authors: Cigudosa Juan C. , Odero Maria D. , Calasanz M. José , Solé Francesc , Salido Marta , Arranz Eva , Martínez‐Ramirez Angel , Urioste Miguel , Alvarez Sara , Cervera Jose V. , MacGrogan Donald , Sanz Miguel A. , Nimer Stephen D. , Benitez Javier
Published: March 2003

Erythroid leukemia (ERL or AML‐M6) is an uncommon subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, the clinical, morphological, and genetic behavior of which needs further characterization. We analyzed a homogeneous group of 23 de novo AML‐M6 patients whose bone marrow cells showed complex karyotypes. We also analyzed eight leukemia cell lines with erythroid phenotype, performing detailed molecular cytogenetic analyses, including spectral karyotyping (SKY) in all samples. The main features are: (1) A majority of patients (56%) had hypodiploidy. Loss of genetic material was the most common genetic change, especially monosomies of chromosome 7 or 18, and deletions of chromosome arm 5q. Taken together, 87% of the cases displayed aberrations involving chromosome 5 or 8. (2) We describe a novel, cryptic, and recurrent translocation, t(11;19)(p11.2;q13.1). Another translocation, t(12;21)(p11.2;q11.2), was found to be recurrent in a patient with ERL and in the K562 cell line. (3) MLL gene rearrangements were detected in 20% of cases (three translocations and three amplifications) and, overall, we defined 52 rearrangements (excluding deletions) with a mean of 2.3 translocations per patient. (4) Of the structural aberrations, 21% involved chromosomes 11 and 19. Most of the rearrangements were unbalanced; only 13 reciprocal translocations were observed. The general picture of chromosomal aberrations in cell lines did not reflect what occurred in patient samples. However, both primary samples and cell lines shared three common breakpoints at 19q13.1, 20q11.2, and 21q11.2. This is the first molecular cytogenetic description of the karyotype abnormalities present in patients with ERL. It should assist in the identification of genes involved in erythroleukemogenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the recurrent translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma by multicolor banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis
Authors: Lestou Valia S. , Ludkovski Olga , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Lam Wan L. , Horsman Douglas E.
Published: March 2003

Aberrations of chromosomal bands 1p36 and 1q11–q23 are among the most common chromosomal alterations in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this study, 16 cases of NHL showing recurrent unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36;q11–23) by G‐band analysis were selected for further analysis. To delineate the exact breakpoints, multicolor band analysis for chromosome 1 (M‐BAND1), and locus‐specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (LS‐FISH) using human genome designated BAC clones were performed. In all but one dicentric case, the breakpoint was determined to involve chromosomal bands 1p36.3 and 1q21.1–2. LS‐FISH analysis for the TP73, MEL1, SKI, and CASP9 loci at 1p36, and the loci IRTA1, IRTA2, BCL9, AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1 at 1q21, verified the MBAND1 results and further delineated the breakpoints. In band 1p36, two hybridization patterns were observed, one involving deletions of MEL1, TP73, and SKI, but not CASP9, and the second involving a breakpoint telomeric to TP73. In region 1q21, four hybridization patterns were observed, the first involving duplication/translocation of all five genes; the second involving duplication/translocation of BCL9, AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1; the third involving duplication/translocation of AF1Q, JTB, and MUC1; and the fourth with a breakpoint telomeric to MUC1. Using an α‐satellite probe for chromosome 1 (D1Z5), centromeric involvement in the unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) was excluded in all but the one dicentric case, that is, dic(1;1)(p36.3;q10). In conclusion, deletion of 1p36 and duplication of 1q21 through formation of an unbalanced translocation t(1;1)(p36.3;q21.1–2) is a non‐random event in NHL, suggesting a deletion–duplication mechanism involved in lymphoma progression and justifying further systematic research. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning of tactile frequency discrimination in humans
Authors: Imai Tanya , Kamping Sandra , Breitenstein Caterina , Pantev Christo , Lütkenhöner Bernd , Knecht Stefan
Published: March 2003

Learning is based on the remodeling of neural connections in the brain. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which training‐induced improvements in tactile frequency discrimination in humans are correlated with an increase of cortical representations in the primary somatosensory cortex. Healthy male subjects (n = 16) were trained in a tactile frequency discrimination task of the left ring finger. During the first 15 days of training, there was a steep improvement in frequency discrimination, which generalized from the trained finger to its homologue on the opposite hand, and to a lesser extent, to the other fingers on both hands. During the following 15 days of training, there was only a minor improvement in tactile frequency discrimination. Retention of improved performance in frequency discrimination 30 days after training was demonstrated for all digits. Cortical finger representation in the primary somatosensory cortex, as measured by magnetic source imaging, did not change during training. Because of the generalized training effect and the lack of detectable increase in the cortical field evoked from the trained finger, we assume that skill improvement was mediated predominantly by regions outside the primary somatosensory cortex. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:260–271, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of perforant path neurons to field CA1 by hippocampal projections
Authors: Bartesaghi Renata , Gessi Tiziana
Published: March 2003

Previous evidence showed that single‐shock stimulation of dorsal hippocampal commissure (PSD) fibers to the entorhinal cortex led to sequential activation of perforant path neurons to the dentate gyrus, dentate granule cells, pyramidal neurons of hippocampal fields CA3 and CA1, and, through reentrant hippocampal impulses, neurons of deep and superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether perforant path neurons to CA1 are activated by the PSD input and/or by the reentrant hippocampal impulses in this model. Field potentials evoked by single‐shock (0.1‐Hz) or repetitive (1–4 Hz) PSD stimulation were recorded in anesthetized guinea pigs from the entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, fields CA1 and CA3, and subiculum. A current source‐density analysis of the evoked potentials was used to localize the input to field CA1 and dentate gyrus. After either single‐shock or repetitive PSD stimulation, an early current sink was found in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, but no sink was present in CA1. With low‐frequency PSD stimulation, a late (∼40‐ms) surface positive wave occurred in field CA1 alone. During this wave, a current sink was found in the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of CA1, but no sink was present in the dentate gyrus. The late wave had threshold and magnitude related to the building up of the response evoked by reentrant hippocampal impulses in layer III of the entorhinal cortex and was abolished by selective interruption of the perforant path to CA1. The results show that the commissural input to the entorhinal cortex activates perforant path neurons to the dentate gyrus, but not those to field CA1 which are recruited by repetitive hippocampal impulses. These findings show different frequency‐dependent patterns of loop operation that might be related to different behaviors. Hippocampus 2003;13:235–249. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lepidamine, the First Aristolane‐Type Sesquiterpene Alkaloid from the Basidiomycete Russula lepida
Authors: Tan Jianwen , Dong Zejun , Hu Lin , Liu Jikai
Published: March 2003

A novel N‐containing aristolane sesquiterpenoid compound, lepidamine (1), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Basidiomycete Russula lepida. Its structure was established by spectroscopic means. It is the first aristolane‐type sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from nature.
Effect of the Media on the Quantum Yield of Singlet Oxygen (O2(1Δg)) Production by 9H‐Fluoren‐9‐one: Solvents and Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Martínez Claudia G. , Neuner Annette , Martí Cristina , Nonell Santi , Braun André M. , Oliveros Esther
Published: March 2003

We have investigated the effect of a series of 18 solvents and mixtures of solvents on the production of singlet molecular oxygen (O2(1Δg), denoted as 1O2) by 9H‐fluoren‐9‐one (FLU). The normalized empirical parameter E derived from ET(30) has been chosen as a measure of solvent polarity using Reichardt's betaine dyes. Quantum yields of 1O2 production (ΦΔ) decrease with increasing solvent polarity and protic character as a consequence of the decrease of the quantum yield of intersystem crossing (ΦISC). Values of ΦΔ of unity have been found in alkanes. In nonprotic solvents of increasing polarity, ΦISC and, therefore, ΦΔ decrease due to solvent‐induced changes in the energy levels of singlet and triplet excited states of FLU. This compound is a poor 1O2 sensitizer in protic solvents, because hydrogen bonding considerably increases the rate of internal conversion from the singlet excited state, thus diminishing ΦΔ to values much lower than those in nonprotic solvents of similar polarity. In mixtures of cyclohexane and alcohols, preferential solvation of FLU by the protic solvent leads to a fast decrease of ΦΔ upon addition of increasing amounts of the latter.
Reporting indicators: What do they indicate?
Authors: Burke Joseph C. , Minassians Henrik P
Published: March 2003

The indicators selected for performance reporting reflect the attitudes of state policymakers on the goals, values, and models for excellence for public colleges and universities.
Policymakers' reactions to performance reporting
Authors: Burke Joseph C. , Minassians Henrik P
Published: March 2003

Survey results suggest that state policymakers fail to use the reports when making policy and that academic deans and department chairs lack familiarity with the report results. Surveys also indicate that the reports had the most effect on external accountability and state needs and the least institutional improvement and state funding.
Toothbrushing causes elemental release from dental casting alloys over extended intervals
Authors: Wataha John C. , Lockwood Petra E. , Mettenburg Donald , Bouillaguet Serge
Published: March 2003

The release of elements from dental alloys has been linked to alloy biocompatibility. Much of the research measuring elemental release has been done in vitro under passive conditions. The current study supplements a previous report that measured elemental release from dental alloys during and after the equivalent of 1 week of toothbrushing. In the current study, toothbrushing times were extended to the equivalent of 2 years, and elemental release was measured during and after brushing, with and without toothpaste. The results showed that for the major classes of dental alloys, brushing alone caused no significant elemental release during the brushing, and only minor increases after brushing. Brushing with toothpaste caused significant increases in elemental release for all elements of all alloys, but the largest increases were for the two nickel‐based alloys. Nickel released during brushing with toothpaste reached 600–800 μg/cm2 of alloy surface. Both beryllium‐containing and non‐beryllium‐containing nickel‐based alloys behaved similarly, refuting claims that non‐beryllium alloys are superior in this regard. Thus, brushing with toothpaste under these extended in vitro conditions appears to increase the biological liabilities from elemental release for all alloys, but primarily for nickel‐based alloys. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 180–185, 2003
Business Darwinism: Why IT strategy alone is not enough
Authors: Marks Eric
Published: March 2003

Information plays a critical role in business today. Only companies that can increase business value using
information will survive, says the author. But corporations must do more than fix the way they create
information value. They need a brand new model that combines both IT and business elements. © 2003
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Straight talk on investing
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Godwin Joseph H.
Published: March 2003

Brennan, Jack. 2002. Straight Talk on Investing, What You Need to Know (New York: John
Wiley and Sons).

Sagner, James, 2002. The Real World of Finance; 12 Lessons for the 21st Century
(New York: John Wiley and Sons).
Regulation by glucocorticoids of cell differentiation and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein production in cultured fetal rat nasal chondrocytes
Authors: Nadra Reem , Menuelle Pierrette , Chevallier Sylviana , Berdal Ariane
Published: March 2003

Glucocorticoids (GCs) modulate insulin‐like growth factor action in cartilage through mechanisms that are complex and insufficiently defined, especially in the context of cranio‐facial growth. Because the family of IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBP‐1 to ‐6) is important in the regulation of IGF availability and bioactivity, we examined the effect of GCs on chondrocyte differentiation in correlation with IGFBP production in cultured fetal rat chondrocytes isolated from nasal septum cartilage of fetal rat. Dexamethasone (DEX) effects were tested before and at the onset of extracellular matrix maturation. DEX induced a dose‐dependent increase in the size of cartilage nodule formed, 45Ca incorporation into extracellular matrix, alkaline phosphatase activity, and sulfatation of glycosaminoglycans, maximal effects being obtained with a 10‐mM DEX concentration. The IGFBPs produced by cultured chondrocytes were characterized in culture medium which had been conditioned for 24 h under serum‐free conditions by these cells. Western ligand blotting with a mixture of [125I]IGF‐I and ‐II revealed bands of 20, 24, 29, a 31–32 kDa doublet and a 39–41 kDa triplet which were differently regulated by DEX. Immunoblotting showed that following DEX exposure, IGFBP‐3 and ‐6 were up‐regulated whereas IGFBP‐2, ‐5, and the 24 kDa band were down‐regulated. The effect of DEX on both differentiation and IGFBP production showed a same dependence, and developed when extracellular matrix maturation had been just induced. The results obtained in this chondrocyte culture system show that production of IGFBPs is modulated by DEX at physiological concentrations thus regulating IGF availability and action, a control which could promote the primordial role of the rat nasal septum in craniofacial growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 911–922, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proprotein interaction with the GPI transamidase
Authors: Chen Rui , Anderson Vernon , Hiroi Yukio , Medof M. Edward
Published: March 2003

For characterizing how the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase complex functions, we exploited a two‐step miniPLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase) in vitro translation system. With this system, rough microsomal membranes (RM) containing either [35S]‐labeled Gaa1p or epitope‐tagged Gpi8p, alternative components of the enzymatic complex, were first prepared. In a second translation, unmodified or mutant miniPLAP mRNA was used such that [35S]‐labeled native or variant miniPLAP nascent protein was introduced. Following this, the RM were solubilized and anti‐PLAP or anti‐epitope immunoprecipitates were analyzed. With transamidase competent HeLa cell RM, anti‐PLAP or anti‐epitope antibody coprecipitated both Gaa1p and Gpi8p consistent with the assembly of the proprotein into a Gaa1p:Gpi8p‐containing complex. When RM from K562 mutant K cells which lack Gpi8p were used, anti‐PLAP antibody coprecipitated Gaa1p. The proprotein coprecipitation of Gaa1p increased with a nonpermissive GPI anchor addition (ω) site. In contrast, if a miniPLAP mutant devoid of its C‐terminal signal was used, no coprecipitation occurred. During the transamidation reaction, a transient high Mr band forms. To definitively characterize this product, RM from K cells transfected with FLAG‐tagged GPI8 were employed. Western blots of anti‐FLAG bead isolates of solubilized RM from the cells showed that the high Mr band corresponded to Gpi8p covalently bound to miniPLAP. Loss of the band following hydrazinolysis demonstrated that the two components were associated in a thioester linkage. The data indicate that recognition of the proprotein involves Gaa1p, that the interaction with the complex does not depend on a permissive ω site, and that Gpi8p forms a thioester intermediate with the proprotein. The method could be useful for rapid analysis of nascent protein interactions with transamidase components, and possibly for helping to prepare a functional in vitro transamidase system. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1025–1037, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis and lung cancer: A review
Authors: Shivapurkar Narayan , Reddy Jyotsna , Chaudhary Preet M. , Gazdar Adi F.
Published: March 2003

It is important to understand the molecular events that contribute to drug‐induced apoptosis, and how tumors evade apoptotic death. Defects in apoptosis are implicated in both tumorigenesis and drug resistance, and these defects are cause of chemotherapy failures. These studies should explain the relationship between cancer genetics and treatment sensitivity, and should enable a more rational approach to anticancer drug design and therapy. Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths throughout the world. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represent the two major categories of lung cancer that differ in their sensitivity to undergo apoptosis. The role of apoptosis regulation in lung cancer with major focus on the differential sensitivities of the major subtypes is reviewed. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 885–898, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of various implicit solvent models in molecular dynamics simulations of immunoglobulin G light chain dimer
Authors: Król Marcin
Published: March 2003

The present study tests performance of different solvation models applied to molecular dynamics simulation of a large, dimeric protein molecule. Analytical Continuum Electrostatics (ACE) with two different parameter sets, older V98 and new V01, and Effective Energy Function (EEF) are employed in molecular dynamics simulation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) light chain dimer and variable domain of IgG light chain. Results are compared with explicit solvent and distance dependent dielectric constant (DDE) calculations. The overall analysis shows that the EEF method yields results comparable to explicit solvent simulations; however, the stability of simulations is lower. On the other hand, the ACE_V98 model does not seem to achieve the accuracy or stability expected in nanosecond timescale MD simulation for the studied systems. The ACE_V01 model greatly improves stability of the calculation; nonetheless, changes in radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface of the studied systems may indicate that the parameter set still needs to be improved if the method is supposed to be used for simulations of large, polymeric proteins. Additionally, electrostatic contribution to the solvation free energy calculated in the ACE model is compared with a numerical treatment of the dielectric continuum model. Wall clock time of all simulations is compared. It shows that EEF calculation is six times faster than corresponding ACE and 50 times faster than explicit solvent simulations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 531–546, 2003
Dual‐level direct dynamics studies for the reactions of dimethyl ether with hydrogen atom and methyl radical
Authors: Wu Jia‐Yan , Liu Jing‐Yao , Li Ze‐Sheng , Huang Xu‐Ri , Sun Chia‐Chung
Published: March 2003

The dual‐level direct dynamics approach is employed to study the dynamics of the CH3OCH3 + H (R1) and CH3OCH3 + CH3 (R2) reactions. Low‐level calculations of the potential energy surface are carried out at the MP2/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory. High‐level energetic information is obtained at the QCISD(T) level of theory with the 6‐311+G(3df,3pd) basis set. The dynamics calculations are performed using variational transition state theory (VTST) with the interpolated single‐point energies (ISPE) method, and small‐curvature tunneling (SCT) is included. It is shown that the reaction of CH3OCH3 with H (R1) may proceed much easier and with a lower barrier height than the reaction with CH3 radical (R2). The calculated rate constants and activation energies are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculated rate constants are fitted to kR1 = 1.16 × 10−19 T3 exp(−1922/T) and kR2 = 1.66 × 10−28 T5 exp(−3086/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1 over a temperature range 207–2100 K. Furthermore, a small variational effect and large tunneling effect in the lower temperature range are found for the two reactions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 593–600, 2003
Systematic errors in DFT calculations of haloalkane heats of formation
Authors: Cloud C. F. , Schwartz M.
Published: March 2003

The B3LYP and B3PW91 density functionals were employed with a large [BS1 = 6‐311+G(3df,2p)] and small [BS2 = 6‐311G(d,p)] basis set to compute enthalpies of formation (at optimized MP2/6‐31G(d) geometries and with scaled HF/6‐31G(d) frequencies) in the following series of haloalkanes: (1) the 15 fluoro‐, chloro‐, and chlorofluoromethanes, (2) the 18 fluorinated and chlorinated ethanes. Similar to earlier higher level calculations on haloalkanes, the computed enthalpies exhibited very large, systematic deviations from experiment. It was found that these errors could be largely eliminated using a very simple Bond Additivity Correction (BAC) formula, ΔfH°(BAC) = ΔfH°(calc) − nCX · ΔCX [X = F, Cl], in which the BAC parameters, ΔCF and ΔCCl were determined by fitting the equation to experimental data on the four fluoroethanes and chloroethanes, respectively. The resultant BAC corrected enthalpies of formation are in excellent agreement with experiment, with RMS deviations in the same range as quoted RMS errors in measured enthalpies. Therefore, this simple BAC procedure may be utilized to provide reliable semiquantitative estimates of enthalpies of formation in larger haloalkanes, for which higher level ab initio calculations are not feasible. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 640–646, 2003
Use of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations in a clinically depressed sample: Factor structure, personality correlates, and prediction of distress
Authors: McWilliams Lachlan A. , Cox Brian J. , Enns Murray W.
Published: March 2003

The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1990) is a self‐report measure of Emotion‐, Task‐, and Avoidance‐oriented coping. The psychometric properties of the CISS were evaluated in a large sample of outpatients with major depressive disorder (N = 298). The CISS scales demonstrated good reliability and support for their factorial validity was obtained. Relationships between the CISS scales and the broad personality domains from the five‐factor model of personality, as well as two measures of emotional distress, were examined. Less‐adaptive coping strategies (i.e., Emotion‐oriented coping) were associated with less‐adaptive personality traits (i.e., Neuroticism) and with psychological distress (i.e., Depression), whereas the reverse was found regarding adaptive coping strategies (i.e., Task‐orientated coping). The incremental validity of the CISS was demonstrated by multiple‐regression analyses that found two CISS scales accounted for significant variance in psychological distress beyond that contributed by the demographic and personality variables. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 423–437, 2003.
Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale and short Form C: Forensic norms
Authors: Andrews Paul , Meyer Robert G.
Published: March 2003

Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC) (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) scores were collected on 1096 individuals involved in forensic evaluations. No prior publication of forensic norms was found for this instrument, which provides a measure of biased self‐presentation (dissimulation). MC mean score was 19.42 for the sample. Also calculated was the score on Form C (MC‐C) (Reynolds, 1982), and the mean for this 13‐item scale was 7.61. The scores for the current sample generally are higher than those published for non‐forensic groups, and statistical analysis indicated the difference was significant for both the MC and MC‐C (d = .75 and .70, respectively, p < .001). Neither gender nor educational level proved to be significant factors in accounting for variance, and age did not appear to be correlated with scores. Group membership of subjects based on referral reason (family violence, abuse, neglect, competency, disability) was significant for both the MC and MC‐C scores. Results suggest the MC or MC‐C can be useful as part of a forensic‐assessment battery to measure biased self‐presentation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 483–492, 2003.
Prospects for tooth regeneration in the 21st century: A perspective
Authors: Chai Yang , Slavkin Harold C.
Published: March 2003

The prospects for tooth regeneration in the 21st century are compelling. Using the foundations of experimental embryology, developmental and molecular biology, the principles of biomimetics (the mimicking of biological processes), tooth regeneration is becoming a realistic possibility within the next few decades. The cellular, molecular, and developmental “rules” for tooth morphogenesis are rapidly being discovered. The knowledge gained from adult stem cell biology, especially associated with dentin, cartilage, and bone tissue regeneration, provides additional opportunities for eventual tooth organogenesis. The centuries of tooth development using xenotransplantation, allotransplantation, and autotransplantation have resulted in many important insights that can enhance tooth regeneration. In considering the future, several lines of evidence need to be considered: (1) enamel organ epithelia and dental papilla mesenchyme tissues contain stem cells during postnatal stages of life; (2) late cap stage and bell stage tooth organs contain stem cells; (3) odontogenic adult stem cells respond to mechanical as well as chemical “signals”; (4) presumably adult bone marrow as well as dental pulp tissues contain “odontogenic” stem cells; and (5) epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions are pre‐requisite for tooth regeneration. The authors express “guarded enthusiasm,” yet there should be little doubt that adult stem cell–mediated tooth regeneration will be realized in the not too distant future. The prospects for tooth regeneration could be realized in the next few decades and could be rapidly utilized to improve the quality of human life in many nations around the world. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:469–479, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regeneration of periodontal Ruffini endings in adults and neonates
Authors: Wakisaka Satoshi , Atsumi Yukako
Published: March 2003

We reviewed the regeneration of periodontal Ruffini endings, primary mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament, following injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in adult and neonatal rats. Morphologically, mature Ruffini endings are characterized by an extensive arborization of axonal terminals and association with specialized Schwann cells, called lamellar or terminal Schwann cells. Following injury to IAN in the adult, the periodontal Ruffini endings of the rat lower incisor ligament regenerate more rapidly than Ruffini endings in other tissues. During regeneration, terminal Schwann cells migrate into regions where they are never found under normal conditions. The development of periodontal Ruffini endings of the rat incisor is closely associated with the eruption of the teeth; the morphology and distribution of the terminal Schwann cells became almost identical to those in adults during postnatal days 15–18 (PN 15–18d) when the first molars appear in the oral cavity, while the axonal elements showed extensive ramification around PN 28d when the functional occlusion commences. When the IAN was injured in neonates, the regeneration of periodontal Ruffini endings was delayed compared with the adults. The migration of terminal Schwann cells is also observed following IAN injury, after which the distribution of terminal Schwann cells became almost identical to that of the adults, i.e., PN 14d. Since the interaction between axon and Schwann cell is important during regeneration and development, further studies are required to elucidate its molecular mechanism during the regeneration as well as the development of the periodontal Ruffini endings. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:516–527, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Keratinization of the epidermis of the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (dipnoi)
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo , Joss Jean M.P.
Published: March 2003

The differentiation of the epidermis in sarcopterigian fish may reveal some trend of keratinization followed by amphibian ancestors to adapt their epidermis to land. Therefore, the process of keratinization of the epidermis of the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri was studied by histochemistry, electron microscopy, and keratin immunocytochemistry. The epidermis is tri‐stratified in a 2–3‐month‐old tadpole but becomes 6–8 stratified in young adults. Keratin filaments increase from basal to external cells where loose tonofilament bundles are present. This is shown also by the comparison of positivity to sulfhydryl groups and increasing immunoreactivity to alpha‐keratins in more external layers of the epidermis. Two broad‐spectrum anti alpha‐keratin monoclonal antibodies (AE1 and AE3) stain all epidermal layers as they do in actinopterigian fish. In the adult epidermis, but not in that of the larva, the AE2 antibody (a marker of keratinization in mammalian epidermis) often immunolabels more heavily the external keratinized layers where sulfhydryl groups are more abundant. Mucous granules are numerous and concentrate on the external surface of the epidermis to be discharged and contribute to cuticle formation. Keratin is therefore embedded in a mucus matrix, but neither compact keratin masses nor cell corneous envelope were seen in external cells. It is not known whether specific matrix proteins are associated with mucus. There was no immunolocalization of the keratin‐associated proteins, filaggrin and loricrin, which suggests that the epidermis of this species lacks the matrix and cell corneus envelope proteins characteristic of that of amniotes. In conclusion, while specific keratins (AE2 positive) are probably produced in the uppermost layers as in amphibian epidermis, no interkeratin, matrix proteins seem to be present in external keratinocytes of the lungfish other than mucus. J. Morphol. 256:13–22, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter‐ and intraspecific variation in the distribution and number of pit organs (free neuromasts) of sharks and rays
Authors: Peach Meredith B.
Published: March 2003

The distribution of pit organs (free neuromasts) has previously been documented for several species of pelagic sharks, but is relatively poorly known for rays and bottom‐dwelling (demersal) sharks. In the present study, the complete distribution of pit organs was mapped in the demersal sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni, Orectolobus maculatus, Hemiscyllium ocellatum, Chiloscyllium punctatum, and Asymbolus analis, and the rays Rhinobatos typus, Aptychotrema rostrata, Trygonorrhina sp. A, Raja sp. A, and Myliobatis australis. All of these species had pit organs scattered over the dorsolateral surface. The sharks also had “mandibular” pit organs (and “umbilical” pit organs in C. punctatum and A. analis) on the ventral surface, while pit organs were sparse or absent on the ventral surface of rays. All of the species examined here, except for M. australis, also had a “spiracular” group of pit organs adjacent to the eye and/or spiracle. Spiracular pit organs were also recorded for the sawshark Pristiophorus sp. A and the skate Pavoraja nitida, although the remainder of pit organs were not mapped in these species. The distribution and number of pit organs varied both within and among species. Pit organ distribution was asymmetrical in each individual examined, but no particular trend towards left or right “handedness” was observed in any species. Although rays have been thought to have fewer pit organs than sharks in general, this was not the case in the present study. All of the species examined here had few pit organs compared to the pelagic sharks previously documented, but it is not clear whether this is due to ecological or phylogenetic causes. J. Morphol. 256:89–102, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placentation in garter snakes. II. Transmission EM of the chorioallantoic placenta of Thamnophis radix and T. sirtalis
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Lorenz Rachel L.
Published: March 2003

Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of the allantoplacenta of garter snakes during the last half of gestation. This placenta occupies the dorsal hemisphere of the egg and is formed through apposition of the chorioallantois to the inner lining of the uterus. The uterine epithelium consists of flattened cells with short, irregular microvilli and others that bear cilia. The lamina propria is vascularized and its capillaries lie at the base of the uterine epithelial cells. The chorionic epithelium consists of a bilayer of squamous cells that are particularly thin superficial to the allantoic capillaries. Neither the chorionic epithelium nor the uterine epithelium undergoes erosion during development. Although a thin remnant of the shell membrane intervenes between fetal and maternal tissue at mid‐gestation, it undergoes fragmentation by the end of gestation. Thus, uterine and chorionic epithelial are directly apposed in some regions of the allantoplacenta, forming continuous cellular boundaries at the placental interface. During development, capillaries proliferate in both the uterine and chorioallantoic tissues. By late gestation, the interhemal diffusion distance has thinned in some areas to less than 2 μm through attenuation of the uterine and chorionic epithelia. Morphologically, the allantoplacenta is well adapted for its function in gas exchange. However, the presence of cytoplasmic vesicles, ribosomal ER, and mitochondria in the chorionic and uterine epithelial cells are consistent with the possibility of additional forms of placental exchange. J. Morphol. 256:171–186, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placentation in garter snakes. III. Transmission EM of the omphalallantoic placenta of Thamnophis radix and T. sirtalis
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Lorenz Rachel L.
Published: March 2003

The omphalallantoic placenta is a complex organ that is unique to viviparous squamates. Using transmission EM and light microscopy, we examined this placenta in garter snakes in order to understand its structural organization and functional capabilities. The omphalallantoic placenta is formed from the uterine lining and the bilaminar omphalopleure, the latter of which is associated with the isolated yolk mass and allantois. A thin shell membrane separates the fetal and maternal tissues throughout gestation. The uterine epithelium contains cuboidal cells with large droplets or granules and appears to be secretory. Epithelium of the omphalopleure is specialized for absorption and contains cells with prominent microvilli and others with large cytoplasmic droplets or granules. The brush‐border cells are rich in mitochondria and Golgi bodies and interdigitate extensively with adjacent cells, forming elaborate intercellular canaliculi. Their morphology is consistent with their proposed role in sodium‐coupled water movement. During development, the isolated yolk mass becomes depleted as yolk droplets are digested by cells of the omphalopleure and allantois. However, the allantois does not fuse to or vascularize the inner face of the omphalopleure. Consequently, the distance between fetal and maternal circulatory systems remains large (about 250–300 μm), precluding efficient gas exchange and hemotrophic transfer. The morphology of the omphalallantoic placenta strongly suggests that it functions in nutrient transfer through uterine secretion and fetal absorption. J. Morphol. 256:187–204, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the CD8‐positive T cell response in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C using HLA‐A*2402 peptide tetramers
Authors: Nakamoto Yasunari , Kaneko Shuichi , Takizawa Hisao , Kikumoto Yoshikazu , Takano Masaaki , Himeda Yoshiko , Kobayashi Kenichi
Published: March 2003

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) contribute to viral clearance in acute, self‐limited hepatitis C as well as to liver cell injury in the more frequent cases with chronic hepatitis C. Although HLA class I‐peptide tetramers have been used to detect circulating HCV epitope‐specific CTL with a high sensitivity and specificity, this technique has been targeted exclusively to the most frequent HLA haplotypes in the Caucasian population and the large number of HCV‐infected Asian patients, most of whom are HLA‐A24 positive, have not been studied. The current study determines the frequency, phenotype, and clinical significance of HCV‐specific CD8+ T lymphocytes with five different HLA‐A*2402 tetramers in 43 HCV infected Japanese patients and 32 controls. Overall, tetramer+ cells were detected in the blood of 33 of 43 patients at frequencies of 0.064–0.75% CD8+CD4−CD14−CD19− T lymphocytes. Interestingly, although the T cell response was always targeted multispecifically against epitopes in different HCV proteins, the relative frequency of cells stained with individual tetramers differed between patients. Furthermore, tetramer+CD8+ T lymphocytes were highly activated, but the phenotypes of different tetramer+ cells varied in each patient. In conclusion, HLA‐A24 restricted, HCV‐specific CD8+ T lymphocytes are found at similar frequencies in Asian patients as HLA‐A2 restricted, HCV‐specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in Caucasian patients. Differences in the frequency and activation status of individual tetramer+ cell populations suggest that CD8+ T lymphocytes with different HCV epitope specificity may mediate differential pathogenetic effects in chronic hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 70: 51–61, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of humoral immune responses to a human cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine: Adjuvant effects of aluminum phosphate and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Temperton Nigel J. , Quenelle Debra C. , Lawson Keirissa M. , Zuckerman Jane N. , Kern Earl R. , Griffiths Paul D. , Emery Vincent C.
Published: March 2003

A human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gpUL55) DNA vaccine has been evaluated in BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization of these mice with pRc/CMV2‐gB resulted in the generation of high levels of gpUL55‐specific antibody (geometric mean titer [GMT] 1:8900) and neutralizing antibody (GMT 1:74) after 2 booster doses given 5 and 10 weeks after primary inoculation. Emulsifying the construct with the aluminum phosphate gel adjuvant Adju‐Phos before immunization enhanced gpUL55‐specific antibody responses (GMT 1:17800, P = 0.04). Co‐immunization with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides was shown to enhance levels of neutralizing antibodies generated by immunization of mice with a pRc/CMV2‐gB/Adju‐Phos emulsion (P = 0.04). The results provide a rationale for evaluating combinations of other HCMV proteins for incorporation into a multi‐target DNA vaccine, and for the optimization of adjuvant usage, to elicit enhanced levels of neutralizing antibodies. J. Med. Virol. 70:86–90, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of SLAM mutations in EBV‐associated lymphoproliferative disease patients
Authors: Ferrand Véronique , Li Cuiling , Romeo Giovanni , Yin Luo
Published: March 2003

X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease is a rare inherited immunodeficiency in which affected males present abnormal responses to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. The gene defective in X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease, SH2D1A (also named SAP or DSHP), has been identified and shown to code for an adapter protein that interacts with signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and several other members of the CD2 superfamily. SH2D1A is mutated in no more than 60% of X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease patients. It could be postulated that a certain percentage of patients without apparent maternal transmission might be caused by other gene(s) in SH2D1A‐related signal transduction pathways. Being a partner of SH2D1A and having a key role in proliferation and differentiation of the T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, SLAM was considered as a candidate gene for patients who manifest symptoms of X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease but who have no mutations in SH2D1A. As a first step, SLAM mutations were screened for from cDNA of the lymphoblastoid cell line of all available patients. Then conditions for PCR, single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), heteroduplex analysis, and sequencing were established in all eight exons of SLAM. A total of 31 typical and atypical patients were analysed, from which six novel nucleotide variants were identified; however, none of these variants seems to cause abnormal function of the SLAM gene. Therefore, mutations in coding regions or splicing sites of SLAM are unlikely to play a major role in the mechanism of EBV‐associated lymphoproliferation. J. Med. Virol. 70:131–136, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of Epstein‐Barr virus load in pyothorax‐associated lymphoma
Authors: Shide Kotaro , Henzan Hideho , Nagafuji Koji , Aoki Kenichi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Shimoda Kazuya , Kazuyama Yukumasa , Ohshima Koichi , Gondo Hisashi , Harada Mine
Published: March 2003

We treated a 73‐year‐old man who developed a pyothorax‐associated pleural lymphoma after a 52‐year history of tuberculous pleuritis. The lymphoma was classified histologically as a diffuse large, B‐cell type. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was identified in the tumor by immunocytochemical and molecular methods. Chemotherapy both without and with the addition of rituximab was only minimally effective, but adding radiotherapy to chemotherapy reduced the tumor size, resulting in a partial remission. The EBV load measured by a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction correlated well with the tumor size and the serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration. Monitoring the EBV load may be useful in the management of pyothorax‐associated lymphoma. J. Med. Virol. 70:137–140, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.