bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El fact-checker en español alrededor del mundo: Perfil, similitudes y diferencias entre verificadores hispanohablantes
Authors: Herrero Esperanza , Herrera Damas Susana
Published: September 2021

El del fact-checker es un rol profesional cada vez más relevante en el control de los procesos informativos contemporáneos. Sin embargo, su perfil ha sido poco abordado a nivel internacional, y todavía menos en el contexto hispanohablante. El fact-checking es un fenómeno que se sitúa al centro de los procesos informativos contemporáneos alrededor del mundo, convirtiéndose en un movimiento periodístico global en crecimiento desde su consolidación en el panorama anglosajón. Particularmente, la verificación de informaciones en español está viviendo un crecimiento exponencial en los últimos años con un aumento de más del 500% del número de plataformas desde 2018. Conocer el perfil de quienes desarrollan la verificación de informaciones en países de habla hispana es esencial para estudiar en profundidad el fenómeno dentro de un contexto de convergencia como el hispanoamericano. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una encuesta (n=52) entre verificadores hispanohablantes con el objetivo de conocer su percepción sobre la vinculación de esta actividad con el periodismo, así como el grado de colaboración que existe entre las distintas iniciativas y las similitudes y diferencias entre los fact-checkers de España y América Latina. En un segundo momento, se enriquecen los resultados con la realización de 13 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales y estudiosos del fenómeno.
Test-Retest Reliability of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition Assessed by Threshold-Tracking and Automated Conventional Techniques
Authors: Nielsen Christina S.-Z. , Samusyte Gintaute , Pugdahl Kirsten , Blicher Jakob U. , Fuglsang-Frederiksen Anders , Cengiz Bülent , Tankisi Hatice
Published: September 2021

Two novel short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) protocols, assessing SICI across a range of interstimulus intervals (ISIs) using either parallel threshold-tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TT-TMS) or automated conventional TMS (cTMS), were recently introduced. However, the test-retest reliability of these protocols has not been investigated, which is important if they are to be introduced in the clinic. SICI was recorded in 18 healthy subjects using TT-TMS (T-SICI) and cTMS (A-SICI). All subjects were examined at four identical sessions, i.e., morning and afternoon sessions on 2 d, 5–7 d apart. Both SICI protocols were performed twice at each session by the same observer. In one of the sessions, another observer performed additional examinations. Neither intraobserver nor interobserver measures of SICI differed significantly between examinations, except for T-SICI at ISI 3 ms (p = 0.00035) and A-SICI at ISI 2.5 ms (p = 0.0103). Intraday reliability was poor-to-good for A-SICI and moderate-to-good for T-SICI. Interday and interobserver reliabilities of T-SICI and A-SICI were moderate-to-good. Although between-subject variation constituted most of the total variation, SICI repeatability in an individual subject was poor. The two SICI protocols showed no considerable systematic bias across sessions and had a comparable test-retest reliability profile. Findings from the present study suggest that both SICI protocols may be reliably and reproducibly employed in research studies, but should be used with caution for individual decision-making in clinical settings. Studies exploring reliability in patient cohorts are warranted to investigate the clinical utility of these two SICI protocols.
Normal Aging Affects the Short-Term Temporal Stability of Implicit, But Not Explicit, Motor Learning following Visuomotor Adaptation
Authors: Bindra Guneet , Brower Rylee , North Ryan , Zhou Weiwei , Joiner Wilsaan M.
Published: September 2021

Normal aging is associated with a decline in memory and motor learning ability. However, the exact form of these impairments (e.g., the short-term temporal stability and affected learning mechanisms) is largely unknown. Here, we used a sensorimotor adaptation task to examine changes in the temporal stability of two forms of learning (explicit and implicit) because of normal aging. Healthy young subjects (age range, 19–28 years; 20 individuals) and older human subjects (age range, 63–85 years; 19 individuals) made reaching movements in response to altered visual feedback. On each trial, subjects turned a rotation dial to select an explicit aiming direction. Once selected, the display was removed and subjects moved the cursor from the start position to the target. After initial training with the rotational feedback perturbation, subjects completed a series of probe trials at different delay periods to systematically assess the short-term retention of learning. For both groups, the explicit aiming showed no significant decrease over 1.5 min. However, this was not the case for implicit learning; the decay pattern was markedly different between groups. Older subjects showed a linear decrease of the implicit component of adaptation over time, while young subjects showed an exponential decay over the same period (time constant, 25.61 s). Although older subjects adapted at a similar rate, these results suggest natural aging selectively impacts the short-term (seconds to minutes) temporal stability of implicit motor learning mechanisms. This understanding may provide a means to dissociate natural aging memory impairments from deficits caused by brain disorders that progress with aging.
Bibliometric analysis of research in the field of organizational communication in the web of science database
Authors: Türk Abdullah , Mızrak Kağan Cenk
Published: September 2021

For organizations, communication is one of the most critical factors affecting their continuity, goals, and success levels. Organizational communication directs the relationship between internal and external stakeholders of the organization by taking a role in all organizational action and managerial processes. In this context, it also affects organizational outcomes. Effectively and efficiently channelling intra-organizational communication for organizational success is also effective in employees' understanding of their duties and responsibilities within the organization and activating their knowledge skills and abilities in line with the organisation's goals. At this point, it can be said that organizational communication adds mobility to businesses through self-expression. From this perspective, it understands the communication subject's development processes that play a crucial role for organizations in the literature and revealing its relationship with other variables will bring a systematic and holistic perspective to the relevant literature. With the bibliometric analysis method made for this purpose, it is aimed to create a perspective on how organizational communication offers mobility to businesses, the development, quality and quantity of the process. In this context; Distribution of studies on organizational communication by years, co-authorship of authors, co-authorship of organizations, co-authorship of countries, citation of authors, bibliographic coupling of documents, co-citation of authorship, co-citation of sources, co- The maps of occurrence of keywords were created, and the levels of contribution to the literature and the areas where the subject interacts were conveyed.
Yetenek yönetimi uygulamalarının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi ve bu etkide ücret tatmininin aracılığının araştırılması
Authors: Öge Ercan
Published: September 2021

Amaç- COVİD-19 pandemisi sonrası, iş yaşamında çok ciddi değişim ve dönüşümler beklenmektedir. İşletmeler, yeni koşullara uygun olarak yeniden yapılanma süreçlerini başlatırken, beraberinde yetenekli çalışana duydukları ihtiyaç her geçen gün daha da artmaktadır. Yeteneği elde tutmanın önemli unsurlarından biri olan, aldıkları ücretten duydukları tatmininin beklentilerini karşılamaması çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetini etkileyebilecektir. Bu araştırmanın amacı; yetenek yönetimi uygulamalarının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki doğrudan ve aracı değişken olarak ücret tatmini etkisinin araştırılması olup, bu ilişkinin nasıl modellenebileceğini ortaya çıkarmaktır.
Metodoloji- İlişkisel tarama yöntemi ile yapılan araştırmanın örneklemi; faaliyetlerine devam eden bir tesis yönetim (Dış Kaynak Hizmeti Sağlayan) işletmesinin 200 çalışanından oluşmaktadır.
Bulgular- Yetenek yönetimi, ücret yönetimi ve işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisine yönelik yapılan çalışma neticesinde; bağımlı değişken olarak yer alan işten ayrılma algısı ile hem somut hem de soyut yetenek yönetimi ilişkisinin negatif yönlü orta seviyeli bir ilişki içinde olduğu, yetenek yönetimi faktörlerinin ücret tatmini ile ilişkisinde ise oldukça yüksek pozitif korelasyon ve ücret tatmininin de oldukça güçlü bir mediatör yani aracı etkisine sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Özgünlük- Literatürde, yetenek yönetimi, ücret tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisine yönelik ayrı ayrı ya da ikili ilişkiler halinde incelenmiş çalışmalar olmasına rağmen, bu üç kavramın ilişkisini bir arada ele alan bir çalışmanın olmadığından yola çıkılarak, yapılan bu çalışma ile literatüre bu yönde katkı sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Lojistik performansın pazarlama performansı ve müşteri memnuniyetine etkisi: Üretim işletmeleri üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Özoğlu Buket , Erdemir Mustafa Burak
Published: September 2021

Küreselleşme ve artan dış ticaret faaliyetleri lojistik sektörüne stratejik bir önem kazandırmıştır. Lojistik sektöründeki bu değişim üretim işletmelerinin maliyetleri ve hizmetleri üzerinde olumlu gelişmelere öncülük etmiştir. Lojistik hizmet alan üretim işletmelerinin, hizmet aldıkları lojistik firmaların performanslarının lojistik firmaların pazarlama performansına ve üretim işletmelerinin müşteri memnuniyetine etkisini değerlendirmek hem ülke ekonomisi hem de işletmelerin rekabet faktörleri açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, lojistik hizmet sağlayıcıların lojistik performanslarının pazarlama performanslarına ve üretim işletmelerinin müşteri memnuniyetine etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda lojistik hizmet sağlayıcılardan hizmet alan üretim işletmelerinden yüzyüze anket yöntemiyle 400 adet veri elde edilmiştir. Verinin analizinde yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılmış, SPSS ve AMOS paket programları ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre doğrudan etkilere bakıldığında lojistik performansın pazarlama performansı üzerinde 0,75’lik ve lojistik performansın müşteri memnuniyeti üzerinde 0,38’lik olumlu bir etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan, lojistik performansın pazarlama performansı ve müşteri memnuniyetine etkisini bir arada incelediğimiz modele göre lojistik performansın müşteri memnuniyetine etkisinde pazarlama performansının kısmi aracılık etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Role of adipokines in embryo implantation
Authors: Jafari-Gharabaghlou Davoud , Vaghari-Tabari Mostafa , Oghbaei Hajar , Lotz Laura , Zarezadeh Reza , Rastgar Rezaei Yeganeh , Ranjkesh Mahnaz , Nouri Mohammad , Fattahi Amir , Nikanfar Saba , Dittrich Ralf
Published: September 2021

Embryo implantation is a complex process in which multiple molecules acting together under strict regulation. Studies showed the production of various adipokines and their receptors in the embryo and uterus, where they can influence the maternal-fetal transmission of metabolites and embryo implantation. Therefore, these cytokines have opened a novel area of study in the field of embryo–maternal crosstalk during early pregnancy. In this respect, the involvement of adipokines has been widely reported in the regulation of both physiological and pathological aspects of the implantation process. However, the information about the role of some recently identified adipokines is limited. This review aims to highlight the role of various adipokines in embryo–maternal interactions, endometrial receptivity, and embryo implantation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
The characteristics of intestinal flora in overweight pregnant women and the correlation with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Su Yao , Chen Li , Zhang Dong-Yao , Gan Xu-Pei , Cao Yan-Nan , Cheng De-Cui , Liu Wen-Yu , Li Fei-Fei , Xu Xian-Ming , Wang Hong-Kun
Published: September 2021

Objective

To investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora in overweight pregnant women and the correlation with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

A total of 122 women were enrolled and divided into four groups according to their pre-pregnancy BMI and the presence of GDM: group 1 (n = 71) with a BMI <24 kg/m2, without GDM; group 2 (n = 27) with a BMI <24 kg/m2, with GDM; group 3 (n = 17) with a BMI ≥24 kg/m2, without GDM; and group 4 (n = 7) with a BMI ≥24 kg/m2 with GDM. Feces were collected on the day that the oral glucose tolerance test was conducted. The V3–V4 variable region of 16S rRNA was sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform, and a bioinformatics analysis was conducted.

Results

There were differences between the four groups in the composition of intestinal flora, and it was significantly different in group 4 than in the other three groups. Firmicutes accounted for 36.4% of the intestinal flora in this group, the lowest among the four groups, while Bacteroidetes accounted for 50.1%, the highest among the four groups, making ratio of these two bacteria approximately 3:5, while in the other three groups, this ratio was reversed. In women with a BMI <24 kg/m2, the insulin resistance index (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in pregnant women with GDM was higher than in those without (P3 = 0.026).

Conclusion

The composition of the intestinal flora of pregnant women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy and suffered from GDM was significantly different than women who were not overweight or did not suffer from GDM.
Biocolonialidad: Desafíos a las religiones y las espiritualidades
Authors: Valverde Campos Juan Carlos
Published: September 2021

La crisis ecológica impone retos concretos a las teologías, las religiones y las espiritualidades que no podrán ser asumidos con justeza en nuestro continente hasta tanto no se haya tomado una conciencia clara de la biocolonialidad a la que están siendo sometidas. Las teologías clásicas que sirven de cimiento a las religiones y espiritualidades occidentales u occidentalizadas difunden una imagen equívoca de Dios, del mundo y del ser humano. Las propuestas del nuevo paradigma de la complejidad son de gran utilidad para recomponer la realidad fragmentada que nos ha sido transmitida en teología.
Sexual Minority Status and Age of Onset of Adolescent Suicide Ideation and Behavior
Authors: Luk Jeremy W. , Goldstein Risë B. , Yu Jing , Haynie Denise L. , Gilman Stephen E.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES

To determine if sexual minority adolescents have earlier onset of suicidality and faster progressions from ideation to plan and attempt than heterosexual adolescents.

METHODS

A population-based longitudinal cohort of 1771 adolescents participated in the NEXT Generation Health Study. Participants reported sexual minority status (defined by sexual attraction) in 2010–2011 and retrospectively reported age at onset of suicidality in 2015–2016.

RESULTS

Sexual minority adolescents (5.8% of weighted sample) had higher lifetime risk of suicide ideation (26.1% vs 13.0%), plan (16.6% vs 5.4%), and attempt (12.0% vs 5.4%) than heterosexual adolescents. Survival analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms revealed positive associations of sexual minority status with time to first onset of suicide ideation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.06) and plan (HR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.30–5.56). The association between sexual minority status and age at onset of suicide attempt was stronger at age <15 (HR = 3.26; 95% CI 1.25–8.47) than age ≥15 (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.21–1.66). The association between sexual minority status and progression from ideation to plan was stronger in the same year of first ideation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.07–3.77) than ≥1 year after first ideation (HR = 1.33; 95% CI 0.26–6.77).

CONCLUSIONS

Sexual minority adolescents had earlier onset of suicidality and faster progression from suicide ideation to plan than heterosexual adolescents. The assessment of sexual minority status in routine pediatric care has the potential to inform suicide risk screening, management, and intervention efforts among early sexual minority adolescents.
Simulated Fishing to Untangle Catchability and Availability in Fish Abundance Monitoring
Authors:   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Tobias Vanessa
Published: September 2021

In fisheries monitoring, catch is assumed to be a product of fishing intensity, catchability, and availability, where availability is defined as the number or biomass of fish present and catchability refers to the relationship between catch rate and the true population. Ecological monitoring programs use catch per unit of effort (CPUE) to standardize catch and monitor changes in fish populations; however, CPUE is proportional to the portion of the population that is vulnerable to the type of gear used in sampling, which is not necessarily the entire population. Programs often deal with this problem by assuming that catchability is constant, but if catchability is not constant, it is not possible to separate the effects of catchability and population size using monitoring data alone. This study uses individual-based simulation to separate the effects of changing environmental conditions on catchability and availability in environmental monitoring data. The simulation combines a module for sampling conditions with a module for individual fish behavior to estimate the proportion of available fish that would escape from the sample. The method is applied to the case study of the well monitored fish species Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) in the San Francisco Estuary, where it has been hypothesized that changing water clarity may affect catchability for long-term monitoring studies. Results of this study indicate that given constraints on Delta Smelt swimming ability, it is unlikely that the apparent declines in Delta Smelt abundance are the result of changing water clarity affecting catchability.
The Role of Regional Agro-Industrial Cluster Enterprises in Improving National Competitiveness
Authors: Makarkin Nikolay P. , Gorina Alla P. , Alferina Olga N.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem is due to the fact that in modern conditions, making a profit is not the only goal and criterion for the successful functioning of enterprises. If recently the activities of many enterprises have been aimed at gaining a market share, now the leading companies are changing their priorities trying to increase the number of regular customers, boost the efficiency of resource use, and meet the consumer demand. Based on the research conducted, the article identifies the role of the regional agro-industrial cluster enterprises producing poultry products in improving national competitiveness. Materials and Methods. The empirical and information base of the study was made up of statistical materials on the stated topic, as well as of departmental reports and accounting statements of the considered enterprises of the regional agro-industrial cluster of the Republic of Mordovia for 2015–2020. The methodological and empirical base used made it possible to competently and professionally analyze the competitive advantages of the considered enterprises and develop recommendations on how to increase their competitive strengths in the national market of poultry products. Results. The conducted research of competitive criteria for goods by regional producers of poultry products made it possible to identify the main areas of activities of these enterprises aimed at improving their competitive positions. The tools for assessing the competitiveness of poultry farming have been theoretically substantiated and developed on the basis of identifying the importance of competitive criteria for regional producers, such as price, quality, packaging, assortment, and image of the manufacturer. Specific recommendations have been developed aimed at strengthening the competitive positions of the enterprises of the regional agro-industrial cluster and at identifying key priorities for the development of a competitive strategy, in order to save resources without losing product quality. Discussion and Conclusion. The recommendations produced will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the regional producers of poultry products. The results of the study can be used by regional authorities when clustering a region and developing territorial programs for socio-economic development.
Regional Features of Development of Tourism Infrastructure and Their Impact on Tourism
Authors: Morozov Mikhail A. , Morozova Natalia S.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Tourism activities are important development drivers of regional economies. Regional tourism has gained special significance in the last year, when restrictions on international travel caused by the COVID-19 pandemic diverted tourist flows to domestic travel. The research topic is of relevance because of the peculiarities and uneven development of tourism and tourism infrastructure in different regions of Russia and because of the need to identify the causes and consequences of the emerging imbalances. Based on the results of the conducted research, the article identifies the regional features of development of tourism infrastructure and the factors affecting them. Materials and Methods. The study was based on the analysis of official statistical data from Russian Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Agency for Tourism regarding the development of tourism and tourism infrastructure in the federal districts of the Russian Federation. To identify the level of development of the tourism infrastructure, economic and statistical methods were used, as well as specific indicators characterizing the tourist infrastructure, including the Baretje-Defert and Schneider indices, etc. A horizontal and structural analysis of statistical data on the development of tourism and its infrastructure was carried out, which made it possible to identify the features of regional development of tourism infrastructure. Results. The authors have analyzed statistical data characterizing tourism activities, studied regional imbalances in the development of tourism infrastructure, identified the causes and consequences of uneven development of regional infrastructural support for tourism activities, and formulated proposals for taking them into account when developing strategic master plans for development of tourist areas. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained can be used when devising strategies for development of regional infrastructural support for tourism activities, as well as when preparing master plans for tourist destinations, which will contribute to increasing the scientific validity of managerial decisions regarding tourism development at the regional level.
Migration und Staatsbürgerschaft
Authors: Bauböck Rainer , Valchars Gerd
Published: September 2021

Internationale Migration führt dazu, dass Wohnbevölkerung und Staatsvolk zunehmend weniger übereinstimmen. Immer mehr Staatsbürger/innen leben außerhalb der Grenzen des Landes und ein wachsender Teil der Wohnbevölkerung besteht aus Nicht-Staatsbürger/innen. Wie groß diese Diskrepanzen sind, hängt nicht nur von Wanderungsbewegungen ab, sondern auch von den Regeln für den Erwerb und Verlust der Staatsangehörigkeit. Dieses Buch untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Migration, Staatsbürgerschaft und Wahlrecht aus rechtlicher, historischer, sozialwissenschaftlicher und demokratietheoretischer Perspektive. Die einzelnen Kapitel behandeln den Erwerb der Staatsbürgerschaft bei Geburt und durch Einbürgerung, den Verlust durch Verzicht oder staatliche Aberkennung, den staatlichen Umgang mit mehrfacher Staatsbürgerschaft und die Ausweitung von Wahlrechten für Nicht-Staatsbürger/innen. Im Vordergrund steht die österreichische Situation im internationalen Vergleich. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Österreich hinter anderen Einwanderungsstaaten bei der Öffnung der Staatsbürgerschaft für Immigranten und Immigrantinnen, der Akzeptanz von Doppelstaatsbürgerschaft und der Ausweitung von Wahlrechten weit zurückbleibt. Die Autoren argumentieren, dass der Zugang zur Staatsbürgerschaft und die Akzeptanz von Doppelstaatsbürgerschaften nicht nur für die Integration von Immigranten und Immigrantinnen von entscheidender Bedeutung ist, sondern auch für die Legitimität demokratischer Institutionen im Einwanderungsland Österreich.
Gallic acid improves the viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of post-thawed goat buck semen
Authors: İnanç Muhammed Enes , Güngör Şükrü , Gül Emir , Uslu Barış Atalay , Ata Ayhan
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gallic acid (GA) on frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa. Four Honamli goat bucks were used at their breeding season, and ejaculates were collected by an electroejaculator. Mixed semen was divided into the following four groups: control (0 mM), low (L; 1 mM), medium (M; 2 mM), and high (H; 4 mM) concentration of GA. All the groups were frozen and thawed in a water bath for spermatological evaluation. The lowest motility was observed in the control group (47.60 ± 5.70%) (P< 0.05), while the highest viability (62.45 ± 1.68%), plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (44.81 ± 4.57%), and high mitochondrial membrane potential (35.96 ± 2.50%) were observed in the low GA group (P< 0.05). Also, the lowest hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOS +) value was found in the high GA group (47.60 ± 4.82%) (P< 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing a low concentration (1 mM) of GA to the Tris-based semen extender had a positive effect on spermatological parameters after freeze-thawing of Honamli goat semen. Further studies should be continued in other species with different doses and combinations using commercial and/or homemade semen extenders.
In silico screening of natural products targeting chorismate synthase
Authors: Zaghlool Al-Khayyat Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Chorismate synthase catalyzes the final step in shikimate  acid pathway involved in synthesis of aromatic compounds in bacteria.This enzyme can be a possible molecular target for design of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Homology modeling and molecular dockingwere performed to screen about one hundred natural compounds in order to find inhibitors of enzymes as a possible new target. A model wasbuilt by SWISS-MODEL and its quality was assessed by ERRAT, ProSA, Rampage and MolProbity servers. Docking experiments were performedand pharmacokinetics and toxicities were studied by admetSAR. Results: The predicted model was reliable to be used in docking experiments.Amentoflavone had the highest binding affinity of -10.0 Kcal/mol. Probabilities indicated that rotenone may inhibit P-glycoprotein I, hinokiflavone and silybin may inhibit P-glycoprotein II, while taspine acts on both types of P-glycoproteins. Amentofalavone, hinokiflavone, rotenone and silybin have a probability of inhibiting cytochromes that are involved in oxidation stage of metabolism. Conclusions: These compounds had binding affinities towards FMN binding site of the enzyme model and may be considered in the research for new antibacterial agents but only when their drug interactions are fully investigated.
Detection of Alpha-1 antitrypsin and Interleukin-8 in meningitis patients
Authors: Abbas Samir K. , Iqbal Mayada N. , Abdul Majeed Nahlah G.
Published: September 2021

Meningitis is a meninges inflammation and the subarachnoid cerebrum spinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord and brain. Infantile meningitisis a major cause of morbidity & mortality in various parts of the world; it is earnest disorder owing to the nearness of the location to the brain andspinal cord. It can be caused by virtually any organism; in general viral infections are more common than bacterial, fungal and parasitic infectionsrespectively. Objective: investigation of the Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Alaph-1 Antitrypsin in the cerebrum spinal fluid of meningitis patients.Material and Method: A study was done at the Medical city and Al-kadimia hospitals included 47 and 20 beings of Patients and Control groupswith an overall age range between 11 days to 6 years old. According to the causative agents of the disease, they were divided into three groups:bacterial, viral and control groups. All subjects were monitored for the IL-8 by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Alaph-1Anti-trypsin by Single Radial Immunodiffusion assay (SRIA) in the cerebrospinal fluid the data was analyzed via using SPSS (chi-squire test)program (version 22). Results and discussion: The results revealed the presence of an elevation concentration of IL-8 among meningitis diseasepatients (484.0695 pg/ml ), high concentration of IL-8 seemed in bacterial meningitis (825.3250pg/ml) when compared with its level in viralmeningitis (142.8143pg ml) ( p= 0.002) and control group ( 56.3409 pg/ml) (p=0.00) but no significant difference was found between viral andcontrol groups (p= 0.679). Alpha 1 antitrypsin results appeared high concentration of (21.6462 mg/ dl) and (16.4000 mg/ dl) in bacterial and viralmeningitis groups in sequentially, and that concentrations showed differences arrived significantly. The statistical analysis of this research showeda correlation between IL-8 levels and both of neutrophil and lymphocyte in meningitis patients. IL-8 had significant correlation with lymphocyte(p=0.02) in viral group while no significant correlation was appeared between IL-8 and neutrophil. In bacterial group, lymphocytes with IL-8 hadweak correlation, in contrary the correlation between neutrophil and IL-8 revealed the significantly correlation (p=0.01). No correlation was establish concerning the Alpha-1 antitrypsin and the cell’s numbers and types. Conclusion: A study indicated that Alpha 1 antitrypsin and IL-8 playedan important role in meningitis disease.
Semantic analysis of color, light and transparency in Islamic architecture of Iran
Authors: Sarbakhshian Behnam
Published: September 2021

The subject of color, including single colors or compounds like Haft Rang (seven colors), which conveys the psychological effectsand mystical interpretation of color, has a palpable presence in the realm of arts, especially in architecture. On the other hand,light as the most immaterial element of nature has always been present in Iranian architecture. In fact, it symbolizes transcendentalworld and spiritual realm. In traditional Iranian architecture, the conceptualization of light flourished under the influence of Islamicthought, and came to be known as the manifestation of sanctity and the spiritual world. This paper is an applied research, with ananalytical approach that seeks to conduct a semantic analysis of color, light and transparency in the Islamic architecture of Iran.The data was collected using the library research. Also, some illustrations of colors and light in Islamic architecture of Iran werephotographed and recorded in a field study. The analysis shows that Iranian architects have employed these factors in order to pleadto the observer’s sense of beauty by forging a close association between light and color in architecture. Diversity of colors, whichis rooted in divine wisdom, gives an appreciation of the beauty and dimensions to human beings. Moreover, the results suggest that theIranian architects have not been concerned with phenomenal clarity to create complexity, attractiveness, and spatial diversity, which areprimarily architectural aspects, but rather have focused on cultural objectives and excellence of human beings.
Degenerate Pochhammer symbol, degenerate Sumudu transform, and degenerate hypergeometric function with applications
Authors: YAĞCI Oğuz , ŞAHİN Recep
Published: September 2021

In the paper, we first define a degenerate Pochhammer symbol by using the degenerate gamma function and investigate its properties. By using the degenerate Pochhammer symbol, we introduce and investigate a degenerate hypergeometric function. We also define a degenerate Sumudu transform and investigate its properties by using degenerate exponential function. Finally, we give certain the integral representations, derivative formulas, integral transforms, factional calculus applications, and generating functions of the degenerate hypergeometric function.
On Einstein warped product space with respect to semi symmetric metric connection
Authors: PAL Buddhadev , KUMAR Pankaj
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we study Einstein warped product space with respect to semi symmetric metric connection. During this study we establish some results on curvature, Ricci and scalar tensors with respect to semi symmetric metric connection and second order semi symmetric metric connection. In the last section, we investigate under what conditions, if $M$ is an Einstein warped space with nonpositive scalar curvature and compact base with respect to semi symmetric metric connection then $M$ is simply a Riemannian product space.
REGULATION OF STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SHIITAKE MUSHROOM SUSPENSION AS AN OBJECT OF DRYING
Authors: Turchyna T. , Zhukotskyi E. , Avdieieva L. , Dekusha H.
Published: September 2021

The article considers whether a shiitake basidiomycete can be processed into powder. This mushroom is a source of valuable nutrients: it contains, on a dry basis, 18.76% of protein, 74.5% of carbohydrates, 1% of lipids, and 5.73% of ash. It has been determined that to obtain a uniform mushroom suspension, it is advisable to use the mechanisms of discrete-pulse energy input, which is an effective tool to influence the high-strength structural elements of heterogeneous systems of different nature. It has been determined that the mechanostructural properties of a mushroom suspension as an object of spray drying need to be changed. Studies of the microstructure have shown that in a suspension obtained from a whole fruiting body, particles of the insoluble fractions of a shiitake mushroom aggregate into chaotic clusters. These are spatial associates up to 3–4 mm in size, with individual hyphae of their caps or their fragments that are significantly shorter (10–15 μm) than the hyphae of the stems (50–5000 µm). The three-cycle processing of the suspension obtained from a whole mushroom by discrete-pulse energy input led to a decrease in the average particle size by 2.3 times. The same processing of the mushroom suspension obtained from the shiitake caps made it possible to reduce the average particle size by 20 times (to δmax≤100–150 μm). Microstructural analysis of the powder obtained from the whole fruiting body of the mushroom has shown that while the size of the particles generally ranges 4–120 µm, the bulk of them (80–85%) are quite large agglomerates, 40–120 µm in size. The powder obtained from the caps of the mushroom had smaller particles (ranging 4–60 µm), mostly round-shaped, and 75–80% of these particles were 4–20 µm in size. This improved its drying conditions and increased the yield from the spray dryer up to 92% (while the yield of powder prepared from the whole shiitake mushroom was less than 50%). The complex of studies carried out has shown the advantages of obtaining a mushroom suspension from the caps of shiitake mushrooms. The use of mechanisms of discrete-pulse energy input allows a 6-fold increase in the bioavailable health-improving polysaccharide complex contained in the powder from shiitake caps, as compared with the powder obtained from mushroom’s whole fresh fruiting body.
MILK LIPIDS AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS
Authors: Danchuk V. , Ushkalov V. , Midyk S. , Vigovska L. , Danchuk O. , Korniyenko V.
Published: September 2021

This article deals with the process of obtaining quality raw milk by analyzing its lipid composition. The lipid composition of raw milk depends on many factors, among which, first of all, is the species, the composition of the diet and the physiological state of the breast. In recent years, a large amount of data has accumulated on the fluctuations of certain lipid parameters of milk depending on the type, age, lactation, diet, time of year, exercise, animal husbandry technology, physiological state of the lactating organism in general and breast status in particular. Factors of regulation of fatty acid composition of raw milk: genetically determined parameters of quality and safety; fatty acid composition of the diet; synthesis of fatty acids by microorganisms of the digestive tract; synthesis of fatty acids in the breast; physiological state of the breast. The milk of each species of productive animals has its own specific lipid profile and is used in the formulation of certain dairy products to obtain the planned technological and nutritional parameters. Diagnosis of productive animals for subclinical mastitis involves the use of auxiliary (thermometry, thermography, electrical conductivity) and laboratory research methods: counting the number of somatic cells; use of specialized tests; microbiological studies of milk; biochemical studies of milk. The biochemical component in the diagnosis of subclinical forms of mastitis is underestimated. An increase in body temperature implies an increase in the intensity of heat release during the oxidation of substrates, sometimes due to a decrease in the intensity of synthesis of energy-intensive compounds. There are simply no other sources of energy in the body. The situation is the same with certain parts of the metabolism, which are aimed at the development of protective reactions to the etiological factor aimed at the defeat of the breast. That is why the biochemical composition of breast secretions in the absence of clinical signs of mastitis undergoes biochemical changes and the task of scientists is to develop mechanisms for clear tracking of such changes, identification of animals with subclinical forms of mastitis and effective treatment.
COMPOSITION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR CULTIVATION OF BRASSICA JUNCEA CZERN
Authors: Krichkovskaya L. , Lysak P. , Bobro M. , Dubonosov V. , Gritzaenko Yu.
Published: September 2021

cultivation of plant food objects, in particular, Brassica juncea czern (mustard seeds of the talisman variety). In addition, the issue of recycling of the most concentrated fermentation liquid, which is a waste after separation at the stage of growing a pure yeast culture, is solved. The growth-stimulating activity of "Humir-1", created on the basis of hydrated fullerenes (HyFn), (C60(H2O)n) and humates, as well "Humir-2" in which the mixture of hydrated fullerenes and humates was added to the supernatant of the fermentation fluid, in which a pure culture of yeast (strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was grown. Concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrated C60HyFn which are molecular colloidal systems of spherical fractal clusters, the structural unit of which is a strong, highly hydrophilic supramolecular complex consisting of a C60 fullerene molecule enclosed in the first hydrated shell containing 24 water molecules were used as a basis in “Humir” preparations. Humates, which is also part of the developed composition, in addition to stimulating growth, has a positive effect on the plant's immunity, helping to adapt to the environment and increase protection against its negative manifestations. The supernatant of the fermentation mixture, in which pure culture yeast was grown, is rich of vitamins, micro and macro elements, yeast residues, and also contains the dry matter of yeast rich in biologically active substances. The influence of the developed compositions on the efficiency of brassica juncea czern cultivation was studied in laboratory and field conditions on the basis of an experimental farm of the Dokuchaev Institute of Agriculture in Kharkiv region. As a result of research, it has been proved that the developed drug "Humir-2", in addition to increasing the yield of brassica juncea czern, increases photosynthetic activity, increases germination and germination energy. As a result, plants have a powerful developed root system and a significantly increased assimilation area of the Leaf.
QUALITY OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS HONEY OBTAINED IN THE CONDITIONS OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION
Authors: Kryvyi M. , Yushchenko О. , Dikhtiar О. , Lisohurska D. , Stepanenko V.
Published: September 2021

Natural honey is a source of vital amino acids, easily digestible carbohydrates, macro, microelements, biologically active substances that determine nutritional, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In the conditions of man-caused pollution of Polissya of Ukraine due to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, systematic control of the quality and safety of beekeeping products is important. To conduct such research, we created a group of twelve bee families - analogs of the Ukrainian breed, medium strength. Families were kept in unified multifunctional hives. At the beginning of the honey harvest, the bee families were transported to the sunflower fields, where they stayed during the blossoming of the plants. The density of radioactive contamination of 137Cs soils where sunflower was grown was 47.0 kBq / m2. We used organoleptic, physicochemical, microscopic, microbiological, and radiological methods in the study. According to standard methods, we studied the species composition of pollen grains, physicochemical parameters of centrifugal, honeycomb, and «zabrus» sunflower honey.(zabrus honey was obtained from wax caps, which we cut with an apiary knife from honeycombs filled with nectar and sealed by bees). The content of lead (Pb) in honey from sunflower obtained in the conditions of Polissya is 1.8 - 2.1 times higher than the State sanitary norms. The largest amount of it is in the centrifugal honey. In acceptable amounts, the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and 137Cs were present in honey. Pesticides, dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane, and hexachlorane were not detected in the samples. We investigated the bactericidal action against bacterial growth of typical cultures of Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Zubrus sunflower honey showed the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. We found that the value of antioxidant activity (AOA) of sunflower honey depends on the method of its production, duration of storage, and solutions of extracts (alcohol, aqueous) used in research. Laboratory control of transgenic organisms in flowers and sunflower pollen did not reveal the target sequences of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the NOS terminator (nopaline synthase) of the plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Efficacy of different human-elephant conflict prevention and mitigation techniques practiced in West Bengal, India
Authors: CHAKRABORTY Souraditya , PAUL Nabanita
Published: September 2021

Human-elephant conflicts (HEC) have become an ever-increasing threat to wildlife management in recent years around the world. In India, West Bengal has been one of the worst sufferers of these conflicts. With 2.89 % of the entire elephant population in India, the state records a high mortality rate, both human and pachyderm every year. Although several mitigation techniques, traditional as well as modern, have been used for many years, however, the conflict cases have not shown any steady decline. It seems that the measures practiced in the region focus on short-term alleviation rather than a long-lasting solution ensuring peaceful coexistence of the two species. The study discusses the mitigation and preventive measures of human-elephant conflicts practiced in the state, their efficacy and shortcomings. The study revealed a single “universal model” is not successful to mitigate the concerns; rather a combination of measures is required. An amalgamation of traditional and modern techniques is also suggested. An efficacious operative mitigation plan should be site-specific and based on several local factors including conflict, physiographical, habitat, anthropogenic and other such variables. Thus, a hypothetical model for designing an effective mitigation strategy has been proposed for future researchers and competent authorities to look into. This could be helpful for policy makers to plan effective management practices not only in the region but also elsewhere.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: September 2021

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 3, Volume 13, 2021: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Ethnopharmacological utility, traditional knowledge and phytochemistry of Aristolochia species in Assam, India; Pomegranate, fruit of the desert, a functional food, and a healthy diet; Vulvo-vaginal myiasis among rural women in West Bengal, India; Persistence, dissipation and health risk assessment of combi-product profenofos and cypermethrin in/on sapota under sub-tropical agro-climatic conditions in India; Efficacy of different human-elephant conflict prevention and mitigation techniques practiced in West Bengal, India; Diversity and distribution of Asian forest scorpions (Arthropoda, Scorpionidae, Heterometrinae) in Telangana State, India; Moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) diversity of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Penicillium ochrochloron etc.
Resource planning of the railway facilities construction technological process with the use of an artificial neural network
Authors: Polyanskiy Aleksey
Published: September 2021

The article is dedicated to theoretical and practical research in the resource planning field for the railway facilities’ construction technological process using artificial neural networks. The study is a part of the subsystem in the development of railway construction engineering and technical maintenance — engineering and technical maintenance of railway facilities construction technological process. The subsystem is based on the effective automated systems use with elements of artificial intelligence. This is caused by deviations occurrence from the target requirements during the technological process implementation, due to the railway construction stochasticity, and the need for a prompt revision of the already made decisions. The existing methods allow us to correct the construction work organization, however, the technology remains unchanged, which is dictated by the design documentation and the work safety requirements. To give technological process flexibility in order to adapt to work changing conditions, it is necessary to provide an operational solution to the resource planning problem. The existing resource planning methods peculiarities, the current problem dimension, and the need to take into account a number of restrictions allow us to use artificial intelligence tools. In this regard, a methodology and a railway facilities construction technological process resource planning (labor, technical) computational-logical model with the artificial neural network use were developed. This approach is based on the lack of precise algorithmic actions or rules that can provide the desired result without formal complications. Also, the author has developed a special software module, prepared a data sample, an artificial neural network topological structure, and implemented an algorithm for its training, configuration, and testing. Based on the theoretical research and software module application results, the article presents the practical aspects of resource planning for the railway roadbed flooded embankment erection technological process.