bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: L5 tomita En bloc spondylectomy for oligometastatic liposarcoma with post adjuvant stereotactic ablative radiotherapy
Authors: Saha Priyanshu , Raza Mohsen , Fragkakis Angelo , Ajayi Bisola , Bishop Timothy , Bernard Jason , Miah Aisha , Zaidi Shane H. , Abdelhamid Mohamed , Minhas Pawan , Lui Darren F.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Tomita En-bloc spondylectomy of L5 is one of the most challenging techniques in radical oncological spine surgery. A 42-year-old female was referred with lower back pain and L5 radiculopathy with a background of right shoulder liposarcoma excision. CT-PET confirmed a solitary L5 oligometastasis. MRI showed thecal sac indentation hence wasn't suitable for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) alone. The seeding nature of sarcoma prevents the indication of separation surgery hence excisional surgery is considered for radical curative treatment. This case report demonstrates dual-staged modified TES including the utilisation of novel techniques to allow for maximum radical oncological control in the era of SABR and lesser invasive surgery.

Methods

First-stage: Carbonfibre pedicle screws planned from L2 to S2AI-Pelvis, aligned, to her patient-specific rods. Radiofrequency ablation of L5 pedicles prior to osteotomy was performed to prevent sarcoma cell seeding. Microscope-assisted thecal sac tumour separation and L5 nerve root dissection was performed. Novel surgical navigation of the ultrasonic bone-cutter assisted inferior L4 and superior S1 endplate osteotomies. Second-stage: Vascular-assisted retroperitoneal approach at L4–S1 was undertaken protecting the great vessels. Completion of osteotomies at L4 and S1 to En-bloc L5: (L4 inferior endplate, L4/5 disc, L5 body, L5/S1 disc and S1 superior endplate). Anterior reconstruction used an expandable PEEK cage obviating the need for a third posterior stage. Reinforced with a patient-specific carbon plate L4–S1 promontory.

Results

Patient rehabilitated well and was discharged after 42 days. Cyberknife of 30Gy in 5 fractions was delivered two months post-op. Despite left foot drop, she's walking independently 9 months post-op.

Conclusion

These are challenging cases require a truly multi-disciplinary team approach. We share this technique for a dual stage TES and metal-free construct with post adjuvant SABR to achieve maximum local control in spinal oligometastatic disease. This case promotes our modified TES technique in the era of SABR and separation surgery in carefully selected cases.
Management of COVID-19-related post-intubation tracheal stenosis
Authors: Conforti Serena , Licchetta Gloria , Reda Marco , Astaneh Arash , Pogliani Luca , Fieschi Stefano , Rinaldo Alessandro , Torre Massimo
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected Italy since the beginning of 2020. Endotracheal intubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and tracheostomy are frequently required in patients with severe COVID-19. Tracheal stenosis is a potentially severe condition that can occur as a complication after intubation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and safety of endoscopic and surgical techniques in the treatment of tracheal stenosis related to COVID-19.

Materials and Methods

Between June 2020 and May 2022, consecutive patients with tracheal stenosis who were admitted to our surgical department were considered eligible for participation in the study.

Results

A total of 13 patients were included in the study. They consisted of nine women (69%) and four men (31%) with a median age of 57.2 years. We included seven patients with post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis. Bronchoscopy was performed to identify the type, location, and severity of the stenosis. All patients underwent bronchoscopic dilation and surveillance bronchoscopy at 7 and 30 days after the procedure. We repeated endoscopic treatment in eight patients. Three patients underwent tracheal resection anastomosis. Final follow-up bronchoscopy demonstrated no residual stenosis.

Conclusions

The incidence of and risk factors associated with tracheal stenosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19 are currently unknown. Our experience confirms the efficacy and safety of endoscopic management followed by surgical procedures in cases of relapsed tracheal stenosis.
Cutting-edge patient-specific surgical plates for computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction: The art of matching structures and holes in precise surgery
Authors: Liu Renshun , Su Yuxiong , Pu Jingya , Zhang Chunyu , Yang Weifa
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Cutting-edge patient-specific surgical plates (PSSPs) are supposed to improve the efficiency, precision, and functional outcomes of mandibular reconstruction. This study characterized the premium role of PSSPs in precise surgery and explored their working principles in computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction (CAMR).

Methods

The PSSPs-enhanced surgical precision was investigated through the model surgery and representative cases. Spatial deviations of reconstruction were characterized by comparing the reconstructed mandible with the virtually designed mandible. Working principles of PSSPs were distinguished by a review of evolving surgical techniques in CAMR.

Results

In the model surgery, spatial deviations between the virtually planned mandible and the reconstructed mandible were 1.03 ± 0.43 mm in absolute distance deviation, 1.70 ± 1.26 mm in intercondylar length, and 1.86 ± 0.91 mm in intergonial length in the study group of PSSPs, significantly smaller than in the control group of conventional prebent surgical plates. Meanwhile, in the study group, distance deviations were 0.51 ± 0.19 mm in bone-plate distance and 0.56 ± 0.28 mm in drilled screw holes, indicating the art of matching structures and holes. The PSSPs-enhanced CAMR was further demonstrated in three representative cases of mandibular reconstruction. Finally, four primary techniques of CAMR were summarized based on a review of 8,672 articles. The premium role of PSSPs was distinguished by the benefits of matching structures and holes.

Conclusions

The PSSPs-enhanced surgical precision was verified through the model surgery and demonstrated in human surgery. Compared to other surgical techniques of CAMR, PSSPs contributed to the precise surgery by the art of matching structures and holes.
Phenotypic and genotypic survey of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy farms in Uruguay
Authors: Casaux María Laura , D'Alessandro Bruno , Vignoli Rafael , Fraga Martín
Published: March 2023

Salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic pathogen that is frequently identified in dairy farming systems. An increase in antibiotic resistance has led to inadequate results of treatments, with impacts on animal and human health. Here, the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from dairy cattle and dairy farm environments were evaluated and compared. A collection of 75 S. enterica isolates were evaluated, and their phenotypic susceptibility was determined. For genotypic characterization, the whole genomes of the isolates were sequenced, and geno-serotypes, sequence types (STs) and core-genome-sequence types were determined using the EnteroBase pipeline. To characterize antibiotic resistance genes and gene mutations, tools from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology were used. Salmonella Dublin (SDu), S. Typhimurium (STy), S. Anatum (SAn), S. Newport (SNe), S. Agona (Sag), S. Montevideo (SMo) and IIIb 61:i:z53 were included in the collection. A single sequence type was detected per serovar. Phenotypic non-susceptibility to streptomycin and tetracycline was very frequent in the collection, and high non-susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was also observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 42 isolates (56.0%), with SAn and STy presenting higher MDR than the other serovars, showing non-susceptibility to up to 6 groups of antibiotics. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of 21 genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolates. More than 60% of the isolates carried some gene associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Only one gene associated with beta-lactam resistance was found, in seven isolates. Two different mutations were identified, parC_T57S and acrB_R717Q, which confer resistance to quinolones and azithromycin, respectively. The accuracy of predicting antimicrobial resistance phenotypes based on AMR genotypes was 83.7%. The genomic approach does not replace the phenotypic assay but offers valuable information for the survey of circulating antimicrobial resistance. This work represents one of the first studies evaluating phenotypic and genotypic AMR in Salmonella from dairy cattle in South America.
Predictors and Adverse Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hod Tammy , Oberman Bernice , Scott Noa , Levy Liran , Shlomai Gadi , Beckerman Pazit , Cohen-Hagai Keren , Mor Eytan , Grossman Ehud , Zimlichman Eyal , Shashar Moshe
Published: March 2023

Data about in-hospital AKI in RTRs is lacking. We conducted a retrospective study of 292 RTRs, with 807 hospital admissions, to reveal predictors and outcomes of AKI during admission. In-hospital AKI developed in 149 patients (51%). AKI in a previous admission was associated with a more than twofold increased risk of AKI in subsequent admissions (OR 2.13, p < 0.001). Other major significant predictors for in-hospital AKI included an infection as the major admission diagnosis (OR 2.93, p = 0.015), a medical history of hypertension (OR 1.91, p = 0.027), minimum systolic blood pressure (OR 0.98, p = 0.002), maximum tacrolimus trough level (OR 1.08, p = 0.005), hemoglobin level (OR 0.9, p = 0.016) and albumin level (OR 0.51, p = 0.025) during admission. Compared to admissions with no AKI, admissions with AKI were associated with longer length of stay (median time of 3.83 vs. 7.01 days, p < 0.001). In-hospital AKI was associated with higher rates of mortality during admission, almost doubled odds for rehospitalization within 90 days from discharge and increased the risk of overall mortality in multivariable mixed effect models. In-hospital AKI is common and is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. Strategies to prevent AKI during admission in RTRs should be implemented to reduce re-admission rates and improve patient survival.
Determination of Public Supervision Aspects and Legal Pillars of Activities of Financial Agents in Central European Countries
Authors: Sidak Mikuláš , Slezáková Andrea , Hajnišová Edita , Filip Stanislav
Published: March 2023

Financial intermediation can be performed by certain types of financial agents or financial brokers in selected European countries. Using primarily analysis and the comparison, the authors focus on certain legal aspects of distribution of financial services in selected Member States of the EU and the EEA, providing a comparative legal analysis. In Slovakia, it is being focused on the subordinate financial agent. The subordinate financial agent is an entrepreneur entitled to perform financial intermediation. The subordinate financial agent belongs under the delegated supervision of the independent financial agent. The paper deals with a consideration de lege ferenda, a change to the relevant legislation according to which the subordinate financial agents could belong to the supervised financial market entities. The authors provide pros and cons regarding the direct supervision of this entity realized by the National Bank of Slovakia. The paper is being prepared by using analysis, synthesis, the inductive method, the deductive method, and the comparative method. When regulating distribution of financial services on the European level, the Insurance Distribution Directive had played a key role. Mainly due to protection of financial consumers, the subordinate financial agent should belong under the direct supervision of the National Bank of Slovakia.
Business Decision-Making and Complex Thinking: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Pacheco-Velázquez Ernesto Armando , Vázquez-Parra José Carlos , Cruz-Sandoval Marco , Salinas-Navarro David Ernesto , Carlos-Arroyo Martina
Published: March 2023

Complex thinking is an important tool for effective decision-making, as it helps people to better understand uncertain situations by considering the multiple variables and relationships involved in a situation, thus being able to identify patterns and connections that would not otherwise be evident. This article presents the results of a bibliometric study to identify academic publications that consider the correlation between decision-making in the business area and complex thinking competency and its sub-competencies. The intention was to have a theoretical horizon that provides a complete overview of the current academic situation regarding the correlation of both professional skills to identify areas of opportunity for new studies. Methodologically, we conducted a literature review using Scopus and Web of Science databases under the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol from which a sample of 339 articles related to both topics was obtained. R, Rstudio, and Bibliometrix were used for the quantitative analysis of the data. The results showed an academic tendency to associate decision-making in business with critical thinking, paying little attention to the other sub-competencies of complex thinking. Furthermore, we found a concentration of research in specific universities and countries, repeating a tendency to study only a few sub-competencies. Overall, this work sheds light on the broad opportunity to link the complex thinking macro-competency with decision-making in business, to provide more extraordinary skills and tools to future professionals.
The Presence of the Biochar Interlayer Effectively Inhibits Soil Water Evaporation and Salt Migration to the Soil Surface
Authors: Xu Qiang , Liu Hongguang , Li Mingsi , Li Pengfei
Published: March 2023

To reveal the mechanisms of water conservation and soil salinity control in the biochar interlayer, the effects of biochar addition as an interlayer on soil water infiltration, evaporation, and salt transport were studied. Through the indoor soil-column simulation test, soil columns were set up by packing homogeneous soil (CK) and biochar spacers into columns at different burial depths of 10, 20, and 30 cm. The biochar interlayer decreased the infiltration capacity of the soil, with the average infiltration rate decreasing from 0.72 cm·h−1 to the ranges of 0.39–0.48 cm·h−1 in the CK soil column, and salt leaching efficiency was improved. The salt content in the bottom layer of soil in the CK column was reduced to within the range of 19.96–47.46% compared with that in the barrier soil column. The presence of the biochar interlayer improved the distribution of soil water and salt. The soil water content in the upper layer above the interlayer was around 7.79–13.68% higher than that in CK, whereas the average salt content was 6.44–60.40% lower than that in CK. The biochar interlayer inhibited soil water evaporation, and cumulative evaporation in this layer decreased by 32.34–42.10% compared with that in CK. The salt accumulation in the interlayer in the soil column decreased within the range of 16.36–51.36% compared with that in the CK soil column. The biochar interlayer could not only retain water for a long time, but also adsorb the salt leached from the upper layer, and thus, inhibit the reverse salt flux from the lower layer. The creation of the biochar interlayer of 30 cm could play a role in soil salinity control and water conservation, and can also provide a basis and reference for the improvement of saline-alkali farmland in arid and semi-arid areas.
Insight into Hormonal Homeostasis and the Accumulation of Selected Heat Shock Proteins in Cold Acclimated and Deacclimated Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Stachurska Julia , Sadura Iwona , Rys Magdalena , Dziurka Michał , Janeczko Anna
Published: March 2023

The aim of the current work was to characterize disturbances in the hormonal balance and changes in the accumulation of the protective heat shock proteins (HSP) as a result of deacclimation in a few cultivars of oilseed rape. Samples for both analyses were collected from plants that had not been acclimated (before cold acclimation—control), cold acclimated (at 4 °C d/n, three weeks) and then deacclimated at 16/9 °C d/n (one week). The tested hormones included abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins (including their precursors, intermediates and conjugates). Unambiguous results were obtained for a stress hormone, abscisic acid, whose concentration increased in the leaves of all of the tested cultivars during cold acclimation while it strongly decreased during deacclimation. Deacclimation resulted also in an elevated level of the typical growth hormones. As a result of cold acclimation, the accumulation of protective proteins such as cytoplasmic HSP70 and HSP90 increased in three of the four tested cultivars. The HSP content most often decreased in the deacclimated plants compared to the cold-acclimated plants. The hormonal and protein changes are discussed relative to the frost tolerance changes of the tested cultivar.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes in the Seeds of Naturally Aged Wenling Medic (Medicago polymorpha) with Its Recovery of Viability
Authors: Li Jiaqing , Wei Zhenwu , Min Xueyang , Zhao Peizhou , Yang Linghua , Liu Nana
Published: March 2023

Wenling Medic (Medicago polymorpha) is common in southern China and has long been utilized as a vegetable in eastern China, as well as a significant raw ingredient for livestock and pickled meals. As a legume, there is still a research vacuum, and the first problem Wenling Medic faces in production is the problem of seed germination. The germination percentage of Wenling Medic was low, according to production practice and laboratory tests performed in this work. Furthermore, after more than two years of storage, the germination percentage of Wenling Medic dropped sharply, and it lacked a long enough seed life. An attempt was made to restore the viability of the seeds using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) osmoregulation-mediated priming method, after the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the seeds were assessed using the anthrone method, Bradford assay, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The findings showed that it has a relatively short storage age and, with a useable life of only two years under normal aging circumstances, is not deactivated soon after harvesting. In addition, whereas protein content and α-amylase concentration did not significantly correlate (p > 0.05) with storage life, the conductivity of exudate, malondialdehyde content, and carbohydrate content did (p < 0.05). The seed viability was not considerably increased by the saturation initiation mediated by osmoregulation, utilizing PEG. In conclusion, the decrease in Wenling Medic seeds’ germination ability was substantially connected with higher levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased carbohydrate levels, but not with protein concentrations or α-amylase activity. The timing of dehydration may need to be carefully controlled when using PEG osmoregulation to prime Wenling Medic seeds.
Chemical and Ecotoxicological Assessment of Elements of Toxicological Concern in Agriculture
Authors: Emmanouil Christina
Published: March 2023

Soil is one of the most important resources on land and plays a central role in sustainable development; as such, it is important for us to maintain its pristine quality and safeguard its multifaceted capabilities [...]
Chemometric Approaches to Analyse the Composition of a Ewe’s Colostrum
Authors: Todaro Massimo , Maniaci Giuseppe , Gannuscio Riccardo , Pampinella Daniela , Scatassa Maria Luisa
Published: March 2023

Colostrum is a major source of immunity in lambs and, in general, in all newborn ruminants. It allows the transfer of antibodies from the ewe to the lamb, and it becomes the exclusive source of nutrients for a newborn. Among the most significant Pearson correlations, the positive correlation between the Brix refractive index (Brix) and protein (0.90) should be noted. Both parameters (protein percentage and Brix) were then positively correlated with the percentage of fat (0.38 and 0.41), urea (0.81 and 0.67), calcium (0.39 and 0.29), and magnesium (0.58 and 0.59), as well as the yellowness (0.78 and 0.75). Somatic cell count (SCC) and pH, parameters which are indicators of subclinical mastitis, were positively correlated (0.49), and SCC was positively correlated with sodium (0.37) and negatively correlated with potassium (−0.28). Among the macroelements in colostrum—calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium—the correlations were largely positive. With respect to the colour parameters, yellowness was negatively correlated with lightness (−0.41) and redness (−0.45). The factor analysis split the total of variance into three latent factors. The first factor was named “Colostrum quality of grazing sheep” because it was positively correlated primarily with SCC, pH, Poly Unsatured Fatty Acids (PUFA), and the sum of the omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs). The second factor, named “Good quality colostrum”, was positively correlated primarily with the refractive index, protein and fat percentages, urea content, phosphorus, Mono Unsatured Fatty Acids (MUFA), and yellowness. The third factor was positively correlated primarily with calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium, and it was therefore termed “Mineral component of colostrum”. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the protein percentage, calcium, and magnesium were able to explain more than 85% of the Brix refractive index, which remains a good parameter for simply evaluating the nutritional quality of sheep colostrum at the level of a farm.
Cats Did Not Change Their Problem-Solving Behaviours after Human Demonstrations
Authors: Arahori Minori , Kimura Ayano , Takagi Saho , Chijiiwa Hitomi , Fujita Kazuo , Kuroshima Hika
Published: March 2023

Humans learn by observing the behaviour of others, which can lead to more efficient problem-solving than by trial-and-error learning. Numerous studies have shown that animals, other than humans, are also capable of social learning. Dogs, as humans’ closest companion animals, can learn to obtain rewards following behavioural demonstrations by humans. However, it is not known whether cats, who also live with humans, can learn how to solve problems by observing human behaviours. Three experiments were used to investigate whether cats could change their behaviour and gain rewards efficiently by observing a human demonstrating how to obtain food. In Experiment 1, a human demonstrated how to open a transparent drawer and take out the reward inside, but cats did not significantly follow the same method as the human. In Experiment 2a, a transparent tube device was used to make the operation easier for cats. However, cats were not influenced by the human behaviour. As the devices used in these experiments were transparent, meaning that the cats could see the food inside directly, they might have required strong inhibitory control. Therefore, in Experiment 2b the tube device was made opaque, and cats again observed the human demonstration. Nevertheless, the cats were not influenced by the human’s behaviour. The results of these experiments indicate a lack of social learning, including imitation, from human behaviours in cats, at least in these experimental settings with food rewards. Other than their inherent ability, cats’ biological characteristics and the experimental context may have contributed towards the negative results.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width as a Novel Parameter in Canine Disorders: Literature Review and Future Prospective
Authors: Miglio Arianna , Valente Carlotta , Guglielmini Carlo
Published: March 2023

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a quantitative laboratory parameter applied for the measurement of anisocytosis and is a reliable and inexpensive method for clinical classification of anemia. An increased RDW reflects a great heterogeneity in the size of red blood cells typical of regenerative and iron-deficiency anemia. In humans, numerous and recent studies have shown a relationship between increased RDW and the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with various disorders. In particular, a strong association has been established between changes in RDW and the risk of adverse outcome in humans with diseases affecting different organs or systems. Following the human literature, some studies have recently been conducted trying to clarify the clinical role of RDW in various animal disorders, particularly in dogs. In this review, we summarize and critically evaluate the results of the studies based on the measurement of RDW in dogs. We also emphasize the need for further and more extensive studies on the use of this simple and inexpensive parameter in animals.
A Preliminary Study on “Personalised Treatment” against Varroa destructor Infestations in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Colonies
Authors: Sokół Rajmund , Michalczyk Maria
Published: March 2023

The requirement for the protection of bee colonies against Varroa destructor invasions has been noted by many breeders and is included as an aspect of the development of beekeeping. This research aimed to check the effect of the development of a colony exposed to laying eggs (brood surface) by queen bees with similar chemical potential (sisters) on the effect of a preparation combating V. destructor depending on the number of mites found in a given colony. We chose this as a standard model of conduct that treats each bee colony as one organism subjected to individual parasite control. For this purpose, we created a bee colony with a mother-of-one breeding line and fertilised drones from one colony. Infection with V. destructor occurred naturally and uncontrollably. Without interfering with the colony’s development, the frame insulator helped each colony’s brood (mothers’ reproductive potential) and the initial and final individuals from the mites themselves. The study was carried out in four species (two control species and two species with up to 20 and over 21 mites, respectively). Treatments with amitraz to combat damage were divided into four treatment subgroups: two treatments every four days or four treatments every two days. We observed the number of individuals that were protected in all subgroups in the average brood area. The reproductive potential of the sisters’ mothers did not change after the treatments with amitraz, which indicated that amitraz did not affect the delegation of egg laying. The invasion rate was also tracked relative to the control group, which allowed us to conclude that a two-time treatment with amitraz reduced the frequency of mites and a four-time treatment checked the effectiveness. Tailoring the control of V. destructor in bee colonies may be an effective measure in the fight against this parasite.
Natural Behaviour Is Not Enough: Farm Animal Welfare Needs Modern Answers to Tinbergen’s Four Questions
Authors: Dawkins Marian Stamp
Published: March 2023

Despite the many scientific objections that have been raise to it, ‘natural behaviour’ is widely used as an indication of good welfare by the food industry. The supposed link between welfare and natural behaviour derives, however, from a now outdated view of animals becoming frustrated if they cannot perform their natural instinctive behaviour. On the 60th anniversary of its publication, Niko Tinbergens’ Four Questions framework is used to show why there is no necessary link between natural behaviour and welfare and why, therefore, reliance on natural behaviour in commercial farming may not result in the claimed improvements in welfare. Used on its own without supporting evidence, ‘natural behaviour’ lacks the most essential criterion for good welfare—whether it matters to the animals themselves. There are now a number of well-established methods for demonstrating what animals value, including choice tests and, particularly, what animals will work and pay a cost to obtain. Some of the evidence on what animals value is already available in published papers but some will require collaborative research between scientists and commercial farming to find practical and commercially viable ways of providing animals with what they value.
Supplementary Feed Additives Can Improve Lamb Performance in Terms of Birth Weight, Body Size, and Survival Rate
Authors: Ahmadzadeh-Gavahan Leila , Hosseinkhani Ali , Palangi Valiollah , Lackner Maximilian
Published: March 2023

To evaluate the effects of supplementation of feed additives in the last trimester of pregnancy on placental characteristics and offspring performance, this study was conducted with 48 estrous-synchronized Ghezel ewes that had randomly been assigned to one of the following six groups (n = 8): ad libitum feeding (AL); feed restriction (RF; 60% of ad libitum intake); feed restriction + propylene glycol (PG); feed restriction + propylene glycol + monensin sodium (MS); feed restriction + propylene glycol + rumen-protected choline chloride (RPC); feed restriction + propylene glycol + monensin sodium + rumen-protected choline chloride (PMC). Birth weight, body size, and rectal temperature of lambs were determined within 24 h of birth. The presence of lambs at 87 days of age was used as an index of survival to weaning. The outcome of this study was that the average placental weight of ewes in the AL and MS groups was the highest and lowest, respectively, among the treatment groups (p < 0.01). RPC ewes presented higher placental efficiency compared to AL, RF, and MS ewes (p < 0.05). The largest and smallest crown-to-rump lengths (CRLs) were observed in PMC and RF lambs, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, lambs born from PMC, RPC, and PG ewes had a longer curved crown-to-rump length (CCRL) than those born from AL and RF ewes (p < 0.01). The concurrent administration of propylene glycol and rumen-protected choline chloride resulted in the highest birth weight among treatment groups (p < 0.01). Lambs born to PMC and RPC ewes had a higher survival rate and rectal temperature than those born to RF ewes (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that although dietary restriction does not have adverse effects on lambs’ performance compared with ad libitum intake, the combined administration of propylene glycol and rumen-protected choline chloride in the ewes’ restricted diet can improve placental characteristics and subsequently amend lambs’ birth weight and body size. Therefore, the combined administration of these additives can be practiced during feed restriction.
The Efficiency Evaluation of the Reactive Extrusion Process for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Monitoring of the Industrial Foil Manufacturing Process by In-Line Rheological Measurements
Authors: Szymczak Piotr , Dziadowiec Damian , Andrzejewski Jacek , Szostak Marek
Published: March 2023

The main topic of the presented work is the evaluation of the in-line viscometer (VIS) operation installed on the industrial line for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil production. The tests were performed during the regular operation of the machine, which results from the need to maintain production continuity. Polymer viscosity control is of particular importance in the production of degradable materials and recycled polymers. The processing of PET film is, therefore, a particularly difficult issue due to the presence of both of these problems at the same time. The conducted research had a two-pronged character: assessment of the correct operation of the viscosity measurement system and testing of the effectiveness of reactive additives during the extrusion process. Measurements were carried out with the use of several types of input materials, including recycled blends. The key tests were carried out with the addition of viscosity modifiers. Measurements conducted during the extrusion process confirmed the effectiveness and high sensitivity of the in-line system (VIS), while clear changes in the polymer flow characteristics were observed only after the addition of chain extenders. The in-line measurements revealed that the addition of 1% of the reactive compound increased the viscosity from the initial 150 Pa∙s to over 350 Pa∙s. The most significant increase in viscosity for the additive based on pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) confirms the effectiveness of the reactive extrusion method and the suitability of the used measuring. During further analysis, the obtained films were also tested. The results showed no negative effects of the reactive extrusion on the mechanical performance of the foil; however, for recycled materials, the average values of tensile strength and elongation at break have deteriorated. A positive aspect of the use of reactive additives was the greater uniformity of mechanical properties. For some materials, there was a significant increase in the haze factor (transparency), which should be considered a disadvantage.
FLIP: A New Approach for Easing the Use of Federated Learning
Authors: Galende Borja Arroyo , Mayoral Silvia Uribe , García Francisco Moreno , Lottmann Santiago Barrio
Published: March 2023

Over the last few years, there have been several attempts to provide software tools for the development of federated learning (FL) models. However, both the complexity of the concept itself and the high entry barrier of these tools have meant that their adoption has been limited. Considering the related benefits, especially in terms of preserving data privacy, and the need for this type of solution in specific areas where data sharing is impossible, not only from a practical point of view but also from a legal and even ethical perspective, it is necessary to advance in solutions that allow its use to be democratised and its deployment to be extended. With this objective in mind, FLIP (Federated Learning Interactive Platform) has been developed as a comprehensive, easy-to-use fully functional web-based FL network management platform that eases and accelerates the usage of federated datasets by researchers in real scenarios. In this sense, FLIP has achieved a SUS score of 84.64, confirming a high level of perceived usability as expected. Taking this into account, FLIP can help increase the productivity and adoption of FL by a wider audience.
Monitoring Method of Large Section Bifurcated Small Clear Distance Tunnel during Information Construction Control
Authors: Wang Jianxiu , Cao Ansheng , Cui Tao , Wu Zhao , Li Zonghai , Lin Lihua , Li Huboqiang , Long Yanxia
Published: March 2023

Constructing a large section bifurcated small clear distance tunnel poses significant challenges due to its large section and small clear distance, complex and overlapping construction steps, unsynchronized excavation and support processes, and disturbance of surrounding rock caused by blasting. Timely and effective construction monitoring is crucial to ensure construction safety and quality. However, traditional monitoring methods are unable to fully satisfy requirements and realize real-time monitoring. Therefore, this study proposes an automatic monitoring and control method for a large section bifurcated small clear distance tunnel to leverage the positive role of information construction. Using the Xiamen Haicang Evacuate Channel project as a case study, this paper introduces the tunnel monitoring and layout scheme of monitoring points. The monitoring data were analyzed from different perspectives, including cumulative deformation, deformation rate, cumulative deformation control value, and deformation rate control value. The follow-up excavation and support measures were optimized based on the measurement results. Additionally, an automatic monitoring and control method of the middle rock pillar combined with the criterion of stability of the middle rock pillar was proposed, constructing a working idea and framework for timely feedback and three-dimensional and dynamic monitoring. Site monitoring predicted the danger before construction and provided feedback on construction information to improve the specific construction method of subsequent excavation and support. The proposed automatic monitoring and control method can solve the problem of accidental errors in traditional monitoring methods and enable real-time automatic monitoring. The research results provide valuable experience for constructing a bifurcated small clear distance tunnel.
Novel Proton-Conducting Layered Perovskites Based on BaLa2In2O7 Produced by Cationic Co-Doping
Authors: Tarasova Nataliia , Bedarkova Anzhelika , Animitsa Irina , Abakumova Ekaterina , Trofimov Alexey , Verinkina Evgeniya
Published: March 2023

Proton conducting materials are used in electrochemical devices such as proton conducting fuel cells and proton conducting electrolyzers. These devices belong to the hydrogen energy field and serve the goals of clean energy and sustainable environmental development. Layered perovskites are a promising class of proton conducting electrolytes. Cationic co-doping is a well-known method to improve the transport properties of classical perovskite ABO3. However, data on the application of this method to layered perovskites are limited. In this work, the bilayered perovskites BaLa1.9−xSrxGd0.1In2O7−0.5x have been prepared and studied for the first time. The possibility of oxygen-ionic and proton transport was demonstrated. Cationic co-doping was shown to increase the proton conductivity values by up to 1.5 orders of magnitude.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Path Following Control with Dynamics Randomization for Parametric Uncertainties in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Ahmic Kenan , Ultsch Johannes , Brembeck Jonathan , Winter Christoph
Published: March 2023

Reinforcement learning-based controllers for safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving, are typically trained in simulation, where a vehicle model is provided during the learning process. However, an inaccurate parameterization of the vehicle model used for training heavily influences the performance of the reinforcement learning agent during execution. This inaccuracy is either caused by changes due to environmental influences or by falsely estimated vehicle parameters. In this work, we present our approach of combining dynamics randomization with reinforcement learning to overcome this issue for a path-following control task of an autonomous and over-actuated robotic vehicle. We train three independent agents, where each agent experiences randomization for a different vehicle dynamics parameter, i.e., the mass, the yaw inertia, and the road-tire friction. We randomize the parameters uniformly within predefined ranges to enable the agents to learn an equally robust control behavior for all possible parameter values. Finally, in a simulation study, we compare the performance of the agents trained with dynamics randomization to the performance of an agent trained with the nominal parameter values. Simulation results demonstrate that the former agents obtain a higher level of robustness against model uncertainties and varying environmental conditions than the latter agent trained with nominal vehicle parameter values.
An Improved Confounding Effect Model for Software Defect Prediction
Authors: Yuan Yuyu , Li Chenlong , Yang Jincui
Published: March 2023

Software defect prediction technology can effectively improve software quality. Depending on the code metrics, machine learning models are built to predict potential defects. Some researchers have indicated that the size metric could cause confounding effects and bias the prediction results. However, evidence shows that the real confounder should be the development cycle and number of developers, which could bring confounding effects when using code metrics for prediction. This paper proposes an improved confounding effect model, introducing a new confounding variable into the traditional model. On multiple projects, we experimentally analyzed the effect extent of the confounding variable. Furthermore, we verified that controlling confounding variables helps improve the predictive model’s performance.
The Effect of Block-Matrix Interface of SRM with High Volumetric Block Proportion on Its Uniaxial Compressive Strength
Authors: Zhu Guojin , Ding Yu , Cao Yajun
Published: March 2023

The soil–rock mixture (SRM), as a heterogeneous and discrete geomaterial, can be widely found in nature and may present difficult design and construction issues for structures within or on top of them. Engineers face a difficult problem when determining the mechanical behavior of geomaterials with SRM, especially those with a high volumetric block proportion (VBP). As it is often very difficult to prepare undisturbed and representative samples of these materials. Thus, this paper proposes a novel method that can generate SRM models with a high VBP and produce a block-matrix interface (BMI) around the rock block, which can simulate unwelded SRM in nature. Then, the finite difference method (FDM) is applied to simulate uniaxial compression tests. The conformity of the numerical simulation results with the experimental results shows that the method is reasonable and effective. In addition, the effect of the strength of the BMI, the thickness of the BMI, and the geometrical shape of the rock blocks on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the SRM are also investigated. The modelling approach proposed in this paper is able to generate BMI in SRMs and enables the effect of the BMI on the SRMs’ properties to be better investigated in numerical simulations. This method can overcome the difficulties of preparing representative and undisturbed experimental cores while saving cost and improving efficiency. Simultaneously, the method proposed in this paper is promising to be extended to three dimensions.
Integrative Assessment of Sediment Quality in the São Francisco River (Mina Gerais, Brazil)
Authors: Riba Inmaculada , Bonnail Estefanía , Salamanca María José , Conradi Mercedes , Costa Maria Helena
Published: March 2023

The São Francisco River (one of the most important South American rivers) has many contamination sources, but just a few environmental assessments have been conducted. A weight-of-evidence approach identified the pollution sources (industrial activities, mineral processing, fisheries, and tourism) in the river and the city of Três Marias based on two different lines of evidence: the structure of the benthic community (biological monitoring working party score system, abundance of taxa, number of individuals, Margalef species richness, Pielou evenness, and Shannon–Wiener diversity) and the physicochemical determination of sediments (%fines, TOC, nitrate, ammonium, ammonia, ammoniacal nitrogen, metalloids, and SEM/AVSs). The results show that the wastewater treatment plant was the most important source of pollution. A factory was also detected as a source of contamination, with related adverse effects having been measured downstream. Other sources of contamination and stress were detected in the studied area. The macro-benthic identification study identified three different sentinel species (Tanytarsus sp., Crytochironomus sp., and Polypedilum sp.) for future monitoring assessments of the sediment quality in riverine areas. Thus, an improvement in the management of river effluents and more measures focused on cutting contaminant emissions from the waste treatment plant are recommended.
Compact High-Tc Superconducting Terahertz Emitter with Tunable Frequency from 0.15 to 1 THz
Authors: Sun Hancong , Chen Shixian , Wang Yong-Lei , Sun Guozhu , Chen Jian , Hatano Takeshi , Koshelets Valery P. , Koelle Dieter , Kleiner Reinhold , Wang Huabing , Wu Peiheng
Published: March 2023

A compact cryogenic terahertz emitter is highly desired for applications in terahertz astronomy with a broad frequency range of emissions and relatively high emission power. In this paper, we report on a terahertz emitter based on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + δ (BSCCO) intrinsic Josephson junctions, with a frequency range from 0.15 to 1.01 THz. The emitter is a square gold-BSCCO-gold mesa on a sapphire substrate fabricated by a simple and efficient method. The highest emission power of 5.62 μW at 0.35 THz was observed at 50 K. A record low emission frequency of 0.15 THz was achieved at 85 K, extending the applicability of BSCCO terahertz emitters in the low-frequency range.
Analysis of Conflict Distribution Characteristics between Motor Vehicles and E-Bikes at Roundabouts
Authors: Li Rui , Liang Guohua , Chen Yixin , Zhang Dong , Wang Baojie
Published: March 2023

Roundabouts are a common traffic infrastructure, which are supposed to facilitate safe and smooth traffic flow. Electric bikes as a common traffic tool in a lot of cities in China play an important role in relieving traffic congestion due to the rapid increase of motor vehicles on roads. However, compared with cyclists, e-bikers are more vulnerable because of their higher speed when colliding with motor vehicles. In this research, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of conflicts between motor vehicles and electric bikes (e-bikes) at signalized roundabouts are explored. First, the time distance method was used to identify conflicts, and the time to collision (TTC) was selected as the discrimination index we proposed for two representative conflict types. On conflict heat maps and conflict distribution during one signal cycle, we found a series of spatial-temporal conflict distribution regularities. Spatially, the proposed two representative types of conflicts were mainly distributed at exit areas and near the outermost circulatory lanes. Conflict Type 1 was mainly distributed around the outermost motor vehicle lanes, and Type 2 was mainly distributed inside the outermost vehicle lanes and behind the second stop line. In time span, both types of conflicts showed rapid increase before reaching a peak at 30 percentile green time and then decreasing gradually after that peak. Type 1 presented a sharp increasing range during 0–10 percentile green time, while the sharp increasing range for Type 2 presented during the 10–20 percentile. The conclusions developed by this article could provide a theoretical basis for improving traffic safety at roundabouts.
Investigation of Energy Harvesting Capabilities of Metglas 2605SA1
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Ducharne Benjamin , Sebald Gaël , Makihara Kanjuro , Lallart Mickaël
Published: March 2023

In the framework of electromechanical energy conversion devices for vibrational energy harvesting, magnetostrictive materials are an attractive alternative solution to the brittleness of piezoelectric materials. Electromagnetic systems have low voltage output at a low frequency while magnetostrictive materials are suitable for a larger frequency bandwidth. In this work, a special experimental emphasis is placed on Fe80Si9B11 (also known as Metglas 2605SA1) alloy. The ultimate energy conversion abilities are investigated by performing experimental Ericsson cycles as well as through theoretical predictions using a dedicated model for the magnetic curves at the material scale. Typical output magnetic energy densities ranged between 0.1 and 1 mJ/cm3/cycle under moderate stress (<100 MPa) and magnetic excitation (up to 4 kA/m). Apart from its energy conversion abilities, Metglas 2605SA1 also features attractive characteristics for realistic applications in microgenerators, such as a low price, which is an important advantage for the mass production and cost-effectiveness of the harvester. Furthermore, its soft magnetic property reduces the need for high magnetic fields and yields a well-adapted solution from a system point of view. It is therefore shown that this material is a suitable conversion material according to the available stress and magnetic excitation magnitudes, in addition to economic considerations.