bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knotted Magnetic Field Lines via Magnetic Reconnection during an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Lin Jun , Mei Zhixing , Keppens Rony , Chen Yuhao , Ye Jing , Xie Xiaoyan , Ni Lei , Li Yan , Hu Jialiang , Zheng Jiehui
Published: December 2024

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in astrophysics and plasma physics that involves a change in the topological structure of magnetic fields. The long ray-like current sheet (CS) trailing behind a solar coronal mass ejection (CME) serves as a unique reconnection site, extending in length from several to over twenty solar radii. However, the three-dimensional (3D) geometry, internal reconnection process and the resultant topological changes in the magnetic field remain elusive. Here, in a 3D isothermal magnetohydrodynamic simulation that covers the entire solar-terrestrial region to follow a CME evolution through the solar wind from Sun to Earth, we reproduce all major observational features of CS and recover observationally inferred plasma blobs inside the CS. Furthermore, we find that magnetic reconnection within the long CS results in a knotting of magnetic field lines and the formation of a M\"obius band. When the CME propagates in the Sun-earth space, these knotted magnetic fields persist and continue moving earth-ward. Our findings open a new window to understanding complex topological magnetic structures.
Potential Targets for Epilepsy Treatment: An Integrated Study Based on Multi-omics, Mendelian Randomization, Immune Infiltration Assessment, and Machine Learning
Authors: Hu Dongsen , Sun Wenqi , Wang Weiguang , Chen Zijie , Wang Hongyan , Zhai Shuangqing
Published: December 2024

Background: Epilepsy is a severe neurological disease. Exploring the intrinsic mechanisms of the onset and development of epilepsy, and seeking new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers, remain very important for epilepsy research.
Methods: Two independent epilepsy microarray datasets from the GEO database were used to identify differentially expressed genes. And eQTL exposure factor data from the GWAS database were used for Mendelian randomization analysis to identify genes associated with epilepsy. The intersection of genes from the two sources was taken to identify key genes for epilepsy. Subsequently, various enrichment analyses and immune infiltration assessments were performed on the key genes to explore their functions and the pathways involved in the epileptic process. Finally, four machine learning models were used to construct a nomogram to evaluate the risk of epilepsy.
Results: This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with epilepsy, including 163 up-regulated DEGs and 100 down-regulated DEGs. Combined with Mendelian randomization analysis, seven key genes were confirmed: ASAH1, RASGRP1, PGLYRP1, ARG1, TBC1D4, PDIA6, and SLPI. These gene enrichments were involved in cellular material transport networks, related cellular components, as well as amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, neurotrophic factor signaling pathways, sphingolipid metabolism, Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, Ras/MAPK signaling pathways, phagocytosis, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. CIBERSORT analysis revealed the unique distribution of immune cells in epilepsy and the regulation of key genes on immune cells, further emphasizing the importance of immune processes in the disease. The nomogram constructed based on these genes provides a quantitative prediction of epilepsy risk.
Conclusion: The findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of epilepsy and demonstrate the potential for treating epilepsy by targeting specific molecular pathways, laying the groundwork for future research and clinical work.
A Single Far-Field Wavefront Reconstruction Method Based on a Mixed Focal Length-Fresnel Zone Plate and AM-CNN
Authors: Ge Xinlan , Hao Xuying , Zhu Licheng , Wei Ling , Wang Shuai , Yang Ping
Published: December 2024

In adaptive optics, multiple different incident wavefronts may correspond to the same far-field intensity distribution, resulting in a many to one mapping relationship. This paper proposes a single far-field wavefront reconstruction method based on a mixed focal length-Fresnel zone plate (MFL-FZP) and neural network. First, the phase modulation and imaging are integrated, allowing partial focal plane information and defocus information of the wavefront to be reflected in the same far-field spot. It can break the symmetry of the near-field wavefront, overcome the problem of multiple solutions, and reconstruct a unique wavefront based on the light spot. Then, an attention mechanism-based convolutional neural network (AM-CNN) is introduced to establish an accurate nonlinear mapping between a single far-field image and a near-field wavefront. Compared to ResNet, VGG networks, AM-CNN has superior speed and accuracy, AM-CNN has superior speed and accuracy. In addition, a comparative verification work is conducted on the existing four quadrant discrete phase modulation and spiral discrete phase modulation methods, and the results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and stronger robustness. Finally, the influence of defocusing amount on reconstruction accuracy is quantitatively discussed. The test results show that the optimal defocusing amount of the MFL-FZP is 1 λ, and the average root mean square (RMS) of the residual wavefront is 0.012 λ. The average RMS for residual wavefronts under different turbulence intensities is only 1.5% of the incident wavefronts, and the inference time is 3.2 ms. To further substantiate the method's practicality, we constructed an experimental optical setup, which confirmed the simulation results and demonstrated the method’s robust performance in real-world conditions. This work offers an efficient and high-precision method for single-frame wavefront reconstruction, validated through both simulations and experiments.
Ghost cells as a two-phase blood analog fluid —fluorescent mechanical hemolysis detection
Authors: Schürman Benjamin J. , Holst Bennet F. , Creutz Pia , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Clauser Johanna C.
Published: December 2024

Background
This study investigated fluorescent hemolysis detection as an optical method to detect local hemolysis in mechanical circulatory support systems, addressing the limitations of standard hemolysis tests and current simulation methods. Standard tests, per ASTM1841-19, quantify general hemolysis but do not localize it.
Methods
We employ a two-phase blood analog fluid composed of calcium-loaded ghost cells and phosphate-buffered saline. Ghost cells are hemoglobin-depleted red blood cells, allowing for optical measurements. A calcium-sensitive fluorescent indicator (Cal590 potassium salt, AAT Bioquest, Pleasanton, USA), activated by calcium released upon ghost cell hemolysis, enables fluorescent hemolysis detection. Hemolysis tests were conducted using porcine whole blood and the blood analog fluid, confirming that both undergo mechanical hemolysis in the Food and Drug Administration pump model.
Results
The results revealed increased fluorescence intensity in response to hemolysis, with a quantitative fluorescence increase of 8.85/min at 3500 RPM and 2.5 L/min, indicating hemolysis, particularly at the rotor tip. Through image processing of fluorescence images, local hemolysis was visualized.
Conclusion
This study is the first to use fluorescent hemolysis detection for local detection of mechanical hemolysis. Further refinement may enhance the design of mechanical circulatory support systems and bridge simulation limitations with experimental, localized hemolysis detection.
The Merit of Loving an Undying Horse
Authors: Diekhans Jonas
Published: December 2024

Der Autor befragt das Verhältnis von Psychoanalyse und empirisch basierten Psychologie sowie den prekären Status der Psychoanalyse an der Universität.
Es gibt weder Gewähr noch Geschlechtsverkehr
Authors: Pazzini Karl-Josef
Published: December 2024

Erkundet wird die Möglichkeit von Gewähr. Die psychoanalytischen Praxis als Kur wie in ihrer Organisation berührt dabei auch die Ontologie. Gewähr hat eine Prozessdynamik, die das Verhältnis zwischen Individuen, zwischen Psyche und Körper, sowie zwischen Theorie und Praxis in der Psychoanalyse reflektiert. Gewähr entsteht als kollektive Interaktion und Reflexion in Übertragung und verändert das Kollektiv. Durch die Betrachtung von Gewähr als einen aktiven Prozess des Gebens und Nehmens werden Fragen der Macht, Ethik und Erkenntnis aufgeworfen.
Jenseits von Verfügung und Kontrolle
Authors: Hartmann Anna
Published: December 2024

In der heutigen herrschenden aufklärerischen Pädagogik werden die der Sexualität innwohnende Risiken stark reglementiert. Dadurch wird aber die Rolle der Sexualität und des Geschlechts für die Konstitution des Subjekts eher neutralisiert als aufgewertet und erkundet. Aus einer psychoanalytischen pädagogischen Einsicht würde man lieber in Richtung einer Zurückhaltung gehen, um jene sexuelle und geschlechtliche Subjektivierung von Jungendlichen zu ermöglichen, die die Dimension des Begehrens nicht auslöscht.
Echos verstreuter Unzusammenhängender
Authors: Porge Erik
Published: December 2024

Ausführungen zum Nicht-Ensemble der Analytiker, ausgehend von Lacans Formulierung "épars désassortis". Mit Bezugnahmen auf Heraklit, Lacans Text zum Gefangenen-Sophisma und seine Erfindung des "Kartells" als Arbeitsform.
The potential of rabbit meat in combating malnutrition and food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sergon Philomena
Published: December 2024

In Sub-Saharan Africa, food insecurity and malnutrition continue to be a major problem that calls for long-term solutions to increase protein intake and dietary diversification. Rabbit meat, a high-protein, low-fat, and nutrient-dense alternative, offers tremendous potential for resolving these issues. Despite its potential, rabbit meat remains underutilized in Sub-Saharan Africa hence, this study evaluated the existing literature on the potential of rabbit meat in combating malnutrition and food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review used a qualitative method to thoroughly examine the literature on the potential of rabbit meat to combat malnutrition and food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Targeted keywords were used to find relevant peer-reviewed studies, policy reports, and reliable organizational publications in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and FAO's resource platform. Inclusion was based on English-language studies that examined rabbit farming, nutritional value, and socioeconomic consequences in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thematic analysis found key patterns and trends, which aided the synthesis of the discussion. The findings show that food insecurity and malnutrition are persistent concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa, exacerbated by climate variability, low agricultural output and inequitable food distribution systems. Rabbit farming has emerged as a feasible solution due to its versatility, high reproduction rates, low resource requirements and nutritional benefits. Despite its promise, rabbit farming in the region is affected by socio-cultural, environmental and institutional challenges. Based on findings, several recommendations are proposed aimed at unlocking its potential in reducing malnutrition and enhancing food security in Sub-Saharan Africa
El abuso sexual: retos y desafíos en materia jurídica y psicológica
Authors: Mira González Clara María , Cartagena Preciado Andrea
Published: December 2024

El abuso sexual de niños, niñas y adolescentes es una problemática mundial que afecta derechos fundamentales como la integridad personal, la vida, la salud mental y física de quienes la padecen. (Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, artículos 11, 16, 17 y 28, 1991).
Asimismo, el Fondo Internacional de Emergencia de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia manifestó que el Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI), se considera como una de las peores formas de violencia en contra de las niñas, niños y adolescentes, pero pese a su gravedad y a su incremento en el mundo, la mayoría de los casos no son detectados ni denunciados. (UNICEF, 2016).
Possibilidade do Uso de Perfis de Instagram para Publicidade Turística
Authors: Conceição Renan Augusto Moraes , Cecon Luan Henrique
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo buscou entender como os perfis de Instagram de influenciadores digitais contribuem para o consumo e divulgação dos atrativos turísticos da cidade de Londrina-PR. Para isso, primeiramente foi necessário identificar quais são os perfis com maior relevância e que compartilham fotos, informações e curiosidades sobre a cidade, além de analisar e caracterizar as postagens realizadas por esses perfis. O percurso metodológico é o de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de caráter exploratório, e uma Análise de Rede Social (ARS). Por fim, para mensurar os dados obtidos como os números de curtidas e comentários foi realizado um levantamento quantitativo, a fim de entender e organizar as variáveis encontradas. Os três perfis escolhidos para a análise possuem viés publicitário, principalmente por realizarem publicidade em suas postagens e apresentar alusões à cidade em seus nomes de usuário. Para se comprovar que os perfis escolhidos podem contribuir com o tema principal do trabalho, realizou-se um estudo mensal de seu engajamento através de suas publicações, onde os resultados demonstram que não é necessário um perfil com muitos seguidores para se obter um bom índice de engajamento.
Determinantes do Fluxo Internacional de Turistas para o Brasil
Authors: Rosa Silva Renatha , Iasco Pereira Hugo
Published: December 2024

O fluxo internacional turístico pode ser uma importante fonte de crescimento e desenvolvimento para economias nacionais e locais.  Diversos estudos buscaram entender os diferentes determinantes da demanda turística de um país a nível microeconômico e macroeconômica. Inserido nesta literatura, este artigo investiga os principais determinantes macroeconômicos da demanda turística internacional para o Brasil entre 1989 e 2018. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados sobre a chegadas de turistas estrangeiros dos quarenta principais países emissores ao Brasil por todas as vias – aérea, terrestre e marítima. Os dados foram organizados em formato de painel, e os parâmetros foram estimados utilizando a metodologia Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) usando as metodologias de estimação GMM-diff (sistema de equações que emprega apenas as diferenças das variáveis como instrumentos) e GMM-system (sistema de equações que emprega as diferenças e os níveis das variáveis como instrumentos). Os resultados, robustos a diferentes especificações, indicaram que as condições macroeconômicas brasileiras importam na determinação do fluxo de turistas internacionais para o Brasil. Isto é, uma taxa de câmbio real competitiva e baixas taxas de inflação, ao aumentar a competitividade via preços do setor turístico brasileiro, implicam em aumento do fluxo de turistas internacionais em direção ao Brasil.
Ângulos de transição: Ensaios acerca do world cinema latino-americano e português
Authors: Albano Sebastião Guilherme
Published: December 2024

Este volume contrai em ensaios longitudes fílmicas no intermeio do XX e do XXI, decênios entre centúrias caracterizando os estertores de um marco socioeconômico tributável a um etéreo neoliberalismo. Por industriarem-se extremismos da economia-política clássica na América Latina e na península ibérica, talvez haja vibrado forças poéticas em séries históricas (governo técnico das figurações e vice-versa, com acento para o realismo e mesmo certo populismo mágico), afluindo-se
em discursos que encetamos no didatismo do conceito de world cinema aqui arrazoado em oito especulações a propósito de películas proeminentes.
Análise dos mecanismos de combate à vulnerabilidade social na universidade federal rural do semi-árido
Authors:   , Menezes Leia Mara de
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo se ocupa da temática da vulnerabilidade social e seus traços no en-sino superior. A noção de vulnerabilidade social adotada é a proposta por Kaztman (2000). De acordo com esse autor, vulnerabilidade social pode ser entendida como a incapacidade de uma pessoa ou de um domicílio de acessar as oportunidades que se encontram disponíveis nos di-versos âmbitos socioeconômicos para melhorar sua situação de bem-estar ou impedir sua de-terioração. Com base nisso, a pesquisa tem como objetivo geral compreender como a univer-sidade pública contribui para evitar a vulnerabilidade social através da utilização dos meca-nismos de gestão. Através dos objetivos específicos pretende-se: a) Identificar os recursos que, à luz dos documentos oficiais da UFERSA, evitam a vulnerabilidade social. b) Discutir, a partir dos dados coletados, em que medida a evasão e a retenção são traços da eficácia dos mecanismos que evitam a vulnerabilidade social na universidade. A pesquisa foi realizada na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), e a escolha por esse lócus de estudo justifica-se pela significativa expansão que a instituição vivenciou nos últimos anos, visto que com a ampliação do acesso, surge o problema da permanência do discente. Optou-se por de-senvolver o trabalho em uma universidade pública por entender que essa é parte integrante do Estado, provedora de ativos sociais e estruturas de oportunidades. Para a pesquisa, que possui natureza qualitativa e classifica-se como exploratória, utilizou-se a revisão bibliográfica através de livros, artigos científicos e legislações. Na fase da investigação documental e de campo, a fim de se alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram consultados diversos documentos oficiais e coletados dados referentes aos mecanismos da universidade que reduzem a vulnerabilidade social, contribuindo para a permanência do discente na instituição. Como resultado, identificou-se que a UFERSA dispõe de mecanismos que auxiliam os alunos no enfrentamento da vulnerabilidade social, tais como a Moradia Estudantil, o Restaurante Universitário; o Programa Institucional Permanência (PIP); os Estágios; o Programa de Monitoria e o Programa de Mobilidade Acadêmica. Essas estruturas de oportunidades se mostram eficazes à medida que dão acesso a ativos financeiros, humanos e sociais, que viabilizam a permanência do discente no ambiente universitário. No entanto, apesar de eficazes, a análise demonstrou que seu acesso, pelos discentes, ainda é bastante limitado.
AVALIAÇÃO DO GRAU DE TRANSPARÊNCIA DAS INFORMAÇÕES ECONÔMICO-FINANCEIRAS DOS PORTAIS DE DADOS ABERTOS ESTADUAIS
Authors: Nascimento dos Santos Paulo , Marcos Lima Emanoel
Published: December 2024

Nas últimas décadas, tem-se observado uma crescente onda em prol da transparência governamental, impulsionada pela demanda por maior accountability e participação pública nas decisões governamentais. Os dados abertos governamentais desempenham um papel crucial neste contexto, pois permitem uma análise e compreensão aprofundadas das ações do governo. Objetivo: avaliar o grau de transparência dos dados abertos governamentais relacionados às informações econômico-financeiras disponibilizadas pelos Portais de Dados Abertos dos Estados Brasileiros, utilizando como referência o modelo OpenGovB de Veljković et al. (2014). Metodologia: Metodologicamente se caracteriza como uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva de cunho bibliográfico, documental, com análise qualitativa envolvendo a análise dos portais para identificar e avaliar as informações econômico-financeiras apresentadas, seguida de uma inspeção individual dos arquivos para avaliar sua qualidade. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que os portais dos estados brasileiros apresentaram um grau de transparência abaixo do esperado, com variações entre 30% e 60%. Conclusão: Desafios como problemas de autenticidade, falta de padronização e limitada adesão a formatos abertos foram identificados, indicando a necessidade urgente de melhorias para alcançar os padrões desejados de transparência governamental.
Herbal DPP-4 Inhibitors: Comprehensive Review of their Effectiveness, Safety and Environmental Fate in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dhankhar Sanchit , Mahajan Shushank , Chauhan Samrat , Saini Monika , Garg Nitika , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to be a worldwide health concern, which
calls for the ongoing investigation of novel therapeutic options. This review aims to examine the
developing field of herbal dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors as a potentially useful approach
to managing diabetes. Because of their ability to suppress the breakdown of incretin hormones,
DPP-4 inhibitors have become increasingly popular due to their role in improving glycemic
control. This review focuses on the rising evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of
herbal alternatives, although synthetic DPP-4 inhibitors have been used extensively in the
past. The pharmacological actions of several herbal substances with DPP-4 inhibitory characteristics
are extensively examined in this review. These natural chemicals have anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties derived from traditional medicinal plants. This study also
sheds light on the molecular processes via which these herbal medicines inhibit DPP-4. In addition,
the study assesses the efficacy of herbal DPP-4 inhibitors in both animal and human studies,
providing a critical evaluation of both types of research. The research of natural alternatives to
synthetic pharmaceuticals not only broadens the therapeutic landscape but also highlights the significance
of merging traditional wisdom with modern scientific breakthroughs. This is because
natural alternatives were not previously available. Herbal DPP-4 inhibitors may emerge as significant
additions to the arsenal of anti-diabetic drugs as research in this field continues to advance.
These inhibitors would provide a holistic and sustainable approach to the treatment of diabetes.
Lead Phytomolecules for Treating Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Agrawal Krishn Kumar , Veer Chandra , Murti Yogesh , Singh Sunil Pratap
Published: December 2024

One percent of persons over 65 years of age suffer from Parkinson's disease, a neurological
ailment marked by dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway gradually dying
and being depleted in the striatum. Parkin and PINK1 gene mutations, which are essential for
mitophagy and impair mitochondrial function, are the cause of it. Parkinson's disease is linked
to a number of motor and impairment disorders, including bradykinesia, rigid muscles, tremor
at rest, and imbalance. Numerous signaling pathways, including α-synuclein aggregation, lead
to age-related decline in proteolytic defense systems. Parkinson's disease etiology involves oxidative
stress, ferroptosis, mitochondrial failure, and neuroinflammation. Parkinson's disease is
significantly influenced by neuroinflammation, which is a result of both innate and adaptive
immune responses. The purpose of studying mechanisms and phytomolecules is to assist researchers
in creating therapies for Parkinson's disease. Phytomolecules, like curcumin, β-
amyrin, berberine, capsaicin, and gentisic acid, exert neuroprotective properties by reducing
ROS levels, lessening α-synuclein-induced toxicity, and shielding the cells from apoptosis. In
conclusion, the studies presented here provide valuable insights into the potential of various
medications for Parkinson's disease treatment. By understanding the mechanisms behind these
treatments, researchers can develop more effective treatments for PD.
Antifungal Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Allium Jesdianum on Fungi-Contaminated Dairy Products
Authors: Fallahi Fatemeh , Naghdifar Shirin , Irani Zahra Sadri , Kazemi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Shakib Pegah , Madani Mahboobeh
Published: December 2024

Background:

One of the main sources of contaminated dairy products is
moldy fungi, specifically species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. This study aimed to
evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Allium jesdianum plant on the growth of
molds contaminating dairy products in Isfahan.

Materials and Methods:

In this research, 200 samples of dairy products were gathered
from different areas of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of
buttermilk, 40 samples of yogurt, 20 samples of curd, and 10 samples of cream. The
antifungal activity of Allium jesdianum plant was investigated by the diffusion method in
disc, well, and agar dilution in various concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) and minimum fatal concentration (MFC) were also determined. Aspergillus, Penicillium,
Cladosporium, and Acremonium fungi were the most commonly found fungal
contaminants of this investigation. Antifungal activity was not observed by disc diffusion
and well diffusion methods.

Results:

In the agar dilution method, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of stem and
leaves in concentrations of 80, 60, 40, and 30 mg/ml, and ethanolic and methanolic
extracts of plant bulbs in concentrations of 60 and 30 mg/ml revealed antifungal activity
against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The MIC
of stem and leaf ethanol extracts and onion ethanol for Aspergillus niger was 18.7, and
for Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum, it was 37.5, 37.5, 37.5, and 37.5
mg/ml. Fungal contamination of dairy products is a serious threat to the public health of
society. Therefore, identifying medicinal plants with antifungal activity can be an
effective step in preventing fungal contamination and increasing the shelf life of these
products.

Conclusion:

The results of this research have shown that the Allium jesdianum plant can
inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium
chrysogenum.

result:

In the agar dilution method, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of stem and leaves in concentrations of 80, 60, 40, and 30 mg/ml, and ethanolic and methanolic extracts of plant bulbs in concentrations of 60 and 30 mg/ml revealed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The MIC of stem and leaf ethanol extracts and onion ethanol for Aspergillus niger was 18.7, for Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum was 37.5, 37.5, 37.5, and 37.5 mg/ml. Fungal contamination of dairy products is a serious threat to the public health of society. Therefore, identifying medicinal plants with antifungal activity can be an effective step in preventing fungal contamination and increasing the shelf life of these products.
Biodiversity and Climate Change: The Missing Link
Authors: Rai Vikas
Published: December 2024

Changes in an organism’s DNA can influence all aspects of its life.
Mutations serve as raw material for genetic variability and its evolution. These are
caused by high-energy radiation. Chemical substances present in the environment are
other potential causative agents. They may also occur during DNA replication.
Radiation damage has increased many folds after the advent of cellular telephony.
Genes are DNA molecules. These molecules are distributed on the chromosomes of
individuals or populations of a species. Some populations grow faster than others.
Why? The chapter tries to find an answer to it.Population increase has been observed in some countries and for others, a decrease has
been detected. It has been predicted that the human population will increase to 8.5
billion in 2030 from 7. 8 billion in 2020. The exploitation of natural resources would
increase accordingly. World Economic Forum reports that research conducted at the
Swiss Re Institute has pointed out that an 18 percent reduction in GDP is achievable by
2050 if the Global temperature rise is restricted to 3.20
C. About 16 to 29% reduction
in CO2
emissions would lead to a less dangerous climate change provided population
growth is slowed down. If factors contributing to Global warming are managed in such
a way that the Global temperature rises by 1.50
C, Sustainable Development Goals are
achievable. Net–zero emissions targeted to be achieved by 2050 are not feasible as
international agreements are not honored.
Erosion Rate Analysis and Land Conservation Direction Based on Geographic Information System in Way Rarem Subwatershed, Lampung Province
Authors: Napitupulu Ruth Erditha , Andawayanti Ussy , Lufira Rahmah Dara , Pratama Rizki Ramadhani
Published: December 2024

The Ministry of Forestry has designated the Way Rarem sub-watershed, part of Tulang Bawang, a critical watershed, as a priority. Several reasons cause land criticality, including deforestation and inappropriate land use, which cause erosion and sedimentation. In this case, the criticality of the watershed occurs due to the high erosion rate, which impacts flooding in the Way Rarem subwatershed area. Over the past year, there have been flood disasters at five points in the Tulang Bawang watershed. Based on information from BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency), the flood disaster affected 140 families. The losses that occur due to flooding that arise due to erosion and sedimentation need to be studied in more depth; therefore, the situation in the Way Rarem Sub-watershed is important to study further. The objectives of this study are to determine the Erosion Hazard Index, measure the erosion rate in the Way Rarem sub-watershed using the USLE method, and provide adequate conservation strategies. The required data are rainfall data, soil type, slope, and land use in 2019 and 2023 as a comparison. GIS was used to process all the data. The results showed that the erosion rate in 2019 was 21933.9 tons/ha/year, whereas in 2023, it was 14187.4 tons/ha/year, with the Erosion Hazard Index dominated by the 'Very High' category. For conservation direction, three alternative conservation activities are carried out, namely by vegetative, mechanical, and vegetative-mechanical methods. Based on the results of the analysis, the appropriate conservation direction to reduce the erosion rate is vegetative-mechanical conservation, which can reduce the erosion rate by 66.9% of the existing erosion rate. From the results obtained, it is hoped that new concepts in land conservation that have not yet been implemented in the Way Rarem Sub-watershed can be taken into consideration. Combining two conservation methods, vegetative and mechanical, can be an alternative to controlling erosion that occurs in the Way Rarem Sub-watershed.
Optimization of Slab Bottom Grouting: A Case Study Utilizing an Underplate Grouting Model with Brinkman Equation and Level Set Method
Authors: Chen Deqiang , Pan Zhu , Chang Zhenchao , Mo Peng , Hao Tianzhi
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a case study on a slab bottom grouting project, focusing on the development and optimization of an underplate grouting model. The primary research objective is to determine the optimal grouting implementation strategy for the project by analyzing the impact of various structural parameters, grout properties, and grouting process properties on the grouting radius. The model incorporates the Brinkman equation and the level set method to explore the impact of various structural parameters, grout properties, and grouting process properties on the grouting radius. Through extensive analysis, the paper identifies the optimal implementation strategy for the project. The study reveals that parameters such as subbase permeability (K2), grouting pressure (P), and grouting time (t) positively affect the grouting radius, while the grout viscosity (μg) has a negative impact. The influence of grout density (ρg) and displaced fluid density (ρa, ρw) on the grouting radius is found to be negligible. Based on the underplate grouting model, the paper determines the optimal grouting implementation scheme for the slab bottom grouting project, specifying a grouting pressure of 1.2 MPa and a grouting time of 60 seconds. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed implementation strategy is indirectly validated through the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) analysis. The results demonstrate that the underplate grouting model successfully eliminates voids at the bottom of the slab, providing conclusive evidence for the reliability of the grouting strategy proposed by the model. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding and optimization of slab bottom grouting projects, offering valuable insights for practitioners in the field.
A Machine Learning–Based Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Multicenter Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ma Mengqing , Chen Caimei , Chen Dawei , Zhang Hao , Du Xia , Sun Qing , Fan Li , Kong Huiping , Chen Xueting , Cao Changchun , Wan Xin
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to establish and validate predictive models for AKI in hospitalized patients with CAP based on machine learning algorithms.

METHODS

We trained and externally validated 5 machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and deep forest (DF). Feature selection was conducted using the sliding window forward feature selection technique. Shapley additive explanations and local interpretable model-agnostic explanation techniques were applied to the optimal model for visual interpretation.

RESULTS

A total of 6371 patients with CAP met the inclusion criteria. The development of CAP-associated AKI (CAP-AKI) was recognized in 1006 (15.8%) patients. The 11 selected indicators were sex, temperature, breathing rate, diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, albumin, white blood cell, hemoglobin, platelet, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil count. The DF model achieved the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy in the internal (AUC=0.89, accuracy=0.90) and external validation sets (AUC=0.87, accuracy=0.83). Furthermore, the DF model had the best calibration among all models. In addition, a web-based prediction platform was developed to predict CAP-AKI.

CONCLUSIONS

The model described in this study is the first multicenter-validated AKI prediction model that accurately predicts CAP-AKI during hospitalization. The web-based prediction platform embedded with the DF model serves as a user-friendly tool for early identification of high-risk patients.
Self-Management Support Apps for Spinal Cord Injury: Results of a Systematic Search in App Stores and Mobile App Rating Scale Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Bernard Renaldo M , Seijas Vanessa , Davis Micheal , Volkova Anel , Diviani Nicola , Lüscher Janina , Sabariego Carla
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The use of mobile technology to meet health needs, widely referred to as mobile health (mHealth), has played a critical role in providing self-management support for chronic health conditions. However, despite its potential benefits, mHealth technologies such as self-management support apps for spinal cord injury (SCI) have received little research attention, and an understanding of their public availability is lacking. Therefore, an overview of these apps is needed to complement findings from the literature for a complete understanding of mHealth self-management support tools for SCI to support the selection and improvement of existing apps and the development of new ones.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify and describe quantity, quality, focus, strengths, and weaknesses of self-management support apps for SCI available on major mobile app digital distribution platforms.

METHODS

A systematic search of the Google Play Store and Apple App Store was conducted to identify and summarize apps for SCI that have been updated since 2017. A supplementary systematic literature review was conducted across 11 bibliographic databases to identify publications that provided more detailed descriptions of the identified apps than what is typically available in app stores. The data synthesis was guided by self-management tasks and skills taxonomies. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines informed the reporting.

RESULTS

The 13 apps included in the final synthesis were launched between 2013 and 2021, mostly originating in the United States, with availability in 72 countries and support for 14 languages. Most apps used the Android operating system (10/13, 77%), while 31% (4/13) used iOS. The identified apps mainly focused on activities of daily living, physical activity promotion, health literacy, and therapeutic exercise. All 3 self-management tasks (medical, role, and emotional management) and most self-management skills and support activities were supported by the apps. The mean Mobile App Rating Scale score was 3.86 (SD 0.54), indicating good overall quality. No publications were found describing these apps.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite their good overall quality, as measured by the Mobile App Rating Scale assessment, the 13 identified apps, alone or combined, do not appear to offer a comprehensive self-management approach that incorporates theory-based strategies. Besides working to improve comprehensiveness, future research and practice should consider adopting new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to enhance future self-management support apps for SCI. Furthermore, adopting new app development methods, such as low-code development platforms, could help reduce barriers to development, such as time, cost, and securing scarce expertise.
Prehabilitation Exercise Training to Target Improved Muscle Strength in Pretransplant Patients Diagnosed With Multiple Myeloma: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Normann Amber J , Mo Clifton C , Wilson Rebekah L , Perez Michelle , Cutler Corey , Uno Hajime , Thompson LaDora V , Skinner Tina L , Richardson Paul G , Marinac Catherine R , Dieli-Conwright Christina M
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Muscle mass and strength are severely compromised in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma, such that the risk of poor overall survival increases as the prevalence of low muscle mass, also known as sarcopenia, increases. Additionally, at the time of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), 51% of patients experience low muscle mass and strength, which can prolong hospitalization and lead to increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, lowered physical function, and poor quality of life.

OBJECTIVE

The PROTECT (Prehabilitation Exercise Training in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation) trial will examine the preliminary effects of digitally supervised prehabilitative aerobic and resistance exercise on muscle strength in patients with multiple myeloma scheduled for ASCT.

METHODS

This prospective, 2-armed single-center randomized controlled trial will recruit 30 patients with multiple myeloma, aged 18 years and older, planning to receive ASCT. Individuals will be assigned to either the exercise or the waitlist control group. The 8-week exercise intervention is home-based and digitally supervised by a clinical exercise trainer. The frequency of the exercise intervention is 3 times per week consisting of aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer and resistance exercises, which are individually tailored based on patient health status. The waitlist control group maintains normal daily activities of living and is offered the intervention within 6 months from ASCT. The primary outcome is lower limb muscle strength, measured using the 10-repetition maximum leg press or extensor strength. Additional outcomes include physical and cardiorespiratory function, patient-reported outcomes, cardiometabolic health outcomes, and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

The trial was funded in the fall of 2022 and recruitment began in June 2023. As of August 2024, a total of 3 participants have consented and been randomized (n=1, exercise group; n=2, waitlist control group). Trial completion and start of data analysis is expected in July 2025 with expected results to be published in early winter of 2026.

CONCLUSIONS

We expect exercise to improve lower limb muscle strength and overall health outcomes compared to the waitlist control group. Results will contribute foundational knowledge needed to conduct larger-phase clinical trials testing the clinical benefits of prehabilitation exercise in this patient population. This study will provide insight into a prehabilitative exercise intervention designed to support patient prognosis.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05706766; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05706766

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/64905
Patients’ perception of a brief online mindfulness-based intervention for pain following discharge after total joint arthroplasty: A qualitative description (Preprint)
Authors: Martorella Geraldine , Hanley Adam Wesley , Muessig Kathryn Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Important levels of pain are reported upon discharge from major surgery with a risk of becoming chronic. Further, individuals express the need for support in managing pain after discharge. However, very few studies address pain management interventions in the post-discharge phase after surgery including for individuals undergoing total joint arthroplasty.

We have conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial testing a brief mindfulness intervention targeting people at risk for chronic post-surgical pain 2 weeks after surgery. Although the intervention we proposed was judged as acceptable based on ratings obtained through a questionnaire, the nuanced perceptions of why and how it is considered acceptable are critical in refining the intervention. Moreover, the acceptability of mindfulness interventions in the perioperative context remains generally unknown and even more in the post-discharge setting.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to use qualitative data to explore the individual perception of acceptability of a brief 4-week MBI for pain following discharge after a total joint arthroplasty.

METHODS

A qualitative description was used to assess patients’ perception of the preliminary version of the intervention for pain management following discharge after surgery. The qualitative assessment was done at the end of the 4-week intervention (6 weeks after surgery). Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used to encourage free expression from participants (n=16) before proceeding to content analysis.

RESULTS

When reflecting on the benefits of the intervention, the main themes that emerged were: increased mindfulness, pain reappraisal, and supplementary relief. The intervention was perceived as relevant during recovery although participants experienced a few challenges related to the novelty of mindfulness practice. Engagement and readiness were discussed in relation to their adherence to the intervention. Addressing expectations and personal beliefs before the intervention could improve participant’s adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the increasing number of total joint arthroplasty surgeries performed each year and the ability of non-pharmacological interventions, such as mindfulness-based approaches, to support recovery and well-being, efforts should be made to increase patient access to these promising adjunctive treatments. Combining non-pharmacological interventions before and after surgery may be an interesting avenue to optimize pain relief and recovery as well as prevent complications. Finally, the use of technology could improve the accessibility and adoption of these promising approaches for individuals with limited resources and mobility.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT04848428

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/30951
The effectiveness of a digital microscopy interactive system based on 5G LAN: a tool used in medical education in China (Preprint)
Authors: Xu Jie , Sha Jihong , Jia Song , Li Jiao , Xu Lei , Shao Zhihua
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Technological innovation has brought medical education into a new era. Various new technologies have been applied to improve the quality of medical student training, with digital technology being the most anticipated. Microscopy technology, a fundamental skill for medical students, is crucial for future clinical diagnoses and requires sufficient laboratory practice to enable students to accurately judge lighting, focus, and morphological features. However, the inability to visualize microscope operations presents a significant challenge in microscope teaching. To address this issue, a digital microscopy interactive system has been introduced in the biology course at Tongji University in China.

OBJECTIVE

This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the digital microscope interactive system introduced in the biology course at Tongji University by studying its impact on students' academic performance and learning experience.

METHODS

A total of 39 students enrolled in the biology course were randomly assigned to two groups: one utilizing traditional optical microscopes (control) and the other using the digital microscopy interactive system (DMIS). Their academic performance was evaluated through a knowledge test and three laboratory reports. Additionally, participants were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the DMIS and the laboratory lectures.

RESULTS

In the knowledge test, no statistical difference was found between the two groups; however, the DMIS group scored significantly higher in Lecture 2 (P<0.05). In the laboratory reports, the DMIS group performed significantly better than the control group (90.33±2.63 versus 80.53±3.52, P<0.0001). Questionnaire results indicated that the DMIS group have a positive evaluation of the system and expressed greater confidence in its future application. For the evaluation of the laboratory lectures, DMIS group had higher evaluation on the course content and self-efficacy (P<0.05), and higher satisfaction with the laboratory lectures (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the digital microscope interactive system enhances students' learning experiences and improves their academic performance. It offers various interactive functions to facilitate the organization of teaching activities and promote immediate feedback in the classroom. Thus, it is a promising tool for microscopy laboratory teaching.
Bioremediation Potential of Indigenous Bacteria in Pesticide-Contaminated Soils: A Sustainable Solution for Agriculture. (Preprint)
Authors: Ordu-Pac Obuchukwu Preciou , Ariyo Adenike Bosede
Published: December 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Pesticide contamination of agricultural soils poses significant environmental and public health challenges, necessitating eco-friendly soil restoration approaches. Indigenous soil bacteria offer a promising solution for detoxifying pesticide residues and enhancing soil health. This study aimed to: (1) identify bacterial strains in pesticide-contaminated soils with bioremediation potential, (2) evaluate the degradation efficiency of these strains, (3) analyze the influence of soil physicochemical properties on pesticide degradation, and (4) contribute empirical data for sustainable agricultural practices aligned with SDGs. Soil samples were collected from four pesticide-contaminated sites in Otuoke, Nigeria, and analyzed for microbial counts, pesticide residues, and physicochemical parameters. Bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, and biodegradation assays were monitored via optical density changes over seven days. Results showed a 60–80% reduction in pesticide residues, particularly when microbial consortia were applied. Actinomycetes exhibited the highest colony counts (9.20 × 10⁷ CFU/g), and Enterobacter hormaechei was notable for possessing the laccase functional gene linked to pesticide degradation. Soil analysis revealed significant disruptions in organic matter, pH, and nitrate levels due to pesticide contamination. These findings underscore the efficacy of microbial consortia in bioremediation and recommend field-scale applications to restore contaminated soils.