bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping and Assessment of Geological Lineaments with the Contribution of Earth Observation Data: A Case Study of the Zaer Granite Massif, Western Moroccan Meseta
Authors: Zoraa Noura , Raji Mohammed , El Hadi Hassan , Maimouni Soufiane , Si Mhamdi Hicham , Reddad Aicha , Zahour Ghalem , Ait-Yazza Achraf
Published: September 2023

The Zaer granitic massif is one of the most important Variscan granitoids in the Central Zone of the Western Moroccan Meseta. It is characterized by a deformation which is manifested by a network of fractures of different scales. Thanks to the technology currently available, many geological studies rely heavily on the mapping of geological lineaments, especially in structural geology. This has become more reliable with access to earth observation data using optical and radar sensors as well as the various remote sensing techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the potential of Landsat 8, ASTER, Sentinel 2 and radar Sentinel 1 datasets using the automatic method to extract lineaments. Furthermore, this work focuses on quantitative lineament analysis to determine lineament trends and subsequently compare them with global and regional tectonic movement trends. The lineaments obtained through different satellite images were validated by including the shaded relief maps, the slope map, the correlation with the pre-existing faults in the geological maps as well as the field investigation. Comparison of these results indicates that Sentinel 1 imagery provides a better correlation between automated extraction lineaments and major fault zones. Thus, Sentinel 1 data is more effective in mapping geological lineaments. The final lineament map obtained from the VH and VV polarizations shows two major fault systems, mainly oriented NE-SW and NW-SE to NNW-SSE.
Effects of home-based telerehabilitation on dynamic alterations in regional intrinsic neural activity and degree centrality in stroke patients
Authors: Chen Jing , Li Jing , Qiao Fenglei , Shi Zhang , Lu Weiwei
Published: September 2023

Objective

To explore the effects of home-based telerehabilitation (TR) on dynamic alterations in regional intrinsic neural activity and degree centrality in stroke patients by resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) methods.

Methods

The neuroimaging data of 52 stroke patients were analyzed. Dynamic regional spontaneous neural activity (dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, dALFF; and dynamic regional homogeneity, dReHo) and dynamic degree centrality (dDC) were compared between the TR and conventional rehabilitation (CR) groups. A flexible factorial model was employed to investigate the expected effects.

Results

The patients in the TR group showed increased dALFF in the right precuneus and bilateral precentral gyrus (PreCG) and reduced dALFF in the right inferior parietal lobule by the analysis of main effects. Significant differences between groups were detected in the right precuneus, right fusiform gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus for dReHo and in the left cingulate gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and left precuneus for dDC. A significant correlation was found in the TR group between the changed dALFF in the left PreCG and the changed Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) scores from baseline to postrehabilitation.

Conclusions

This study implied that home-based TR training can alter the patterns of dynamic spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity in certain brain regions. The identification of key brain regions by neuroimaging indicators such as dynamic regional brain activity and degree centrality in the recovery process would provide a theoretical basis for noninvasive brain stimulation technology and strategies for formulating targeted rehabilitation programs for stroke patients with motor dysfunction.
Sustainable Pathways: Exploring Farmers' Perceptions of Cocoa Certification Programme in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Oginni Oluwaseun Clement , Oseni Joseph Olumide , Awolala David Olufemi
Published: September 2023

The significance of sustainable cocoa production has been widely studied using various methods and models, however, the farmers’ viewpoints on cocoa certification programme remained largely unexplored. This study attempts to examine the perceptions of farmers on certification programme towards sustainable cocoa production in the South-West, of Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedures were used to collect primary data through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire from three hundred and sixty (360) cocoa farmers (certified and non-certified) in Ondo, Osun and Ogun States. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and percentage as well as Independent T-test were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that the majority (68.9%) of the respondents were male, and also married which implies that they have access to family labour. The main reason why non-certified cocoa farmers did not participate in the programme is due to inadequate awareness, while the major bodies creating awareness on cocoa certification are the exporters and the License buying agents. The study further revealed that the promotion of good agricultural practices, provision of premium on cocoa beans sold, and access to market linkages were perceived and ranked highest among the certified farmers. The major constraints identified with the programme are pest and disease, delay in premium payment, climate change, and inadequate storage facilities. The results of the T-test revealed that there were significant differences between both the income and the output of certified cocoa farmers and that of non-certified cocoa farmers. The study therefore recommended that more awareness of cocoa certification programmes should be created not only by the cocoa Exporters and Licensed buying agents, but also by Government agencies and institutions, and policymakers should also work to ensure that certified farmers receive fair and competitive premium prices for their cocoa beans.
Impact of Technological Interventions on Pigeon Pea for Enhancing Income through Cluster Front Line Demonstrations
Authors: Chaudhary R. P. , Dwivedi V. , Srivastava R. , Chaturvedi A. K. , Meena Kamlesh , Singh Neeraj , Barnwal Sarvesh
Published: September 2023

Aims: The area and production of pigeon pea in Bhadohi are still significantly lower than in other districts of other states. There is a significant yield gap between the potential output and the yield under current farming conditions. To study the impact of technological interventions on the pigeon pea crop for increasing income through Cluster Front Line Demonstrations was the goal of the current study.

Place and Duration of Study: Cluster front line demonstrations on improved pigeon pea technologies were carried out by ICAR-IIVR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhadohi, at farmers' fields from 2015–16 to 2019–20.

Methodology: A total of 155 pigeon pea cluster front line demonstrations on improved pigeon pea technologies covering a 45.70 hectare area were held in one hundred eighteen localities. Field days, training and group meetings were also organized to provide opportunities for other farmers to witness the benefits of demonstrated technologies. The output data were collected from CFLD plots as well as control plots (farmers practice) by random crop cutting method and analyzed using simple statistical tools such as per cent change in yield, cost of cultivation, net income, and benefit cost ratio etc.  

Results: In the experimental plots, the mean yield over five years was 15.44 q/ha, while it was only 11.21 q/ha in the control plots. Over the course of the five years of the study, the yield development varied, though on average, it was measured at 42.49 percent. When compared to the farmer's practice (28,463/ha), the average net return for the demonstration plots at the farmer's field over the investigation period was greater at 56,611/ha. Additionally, the demonstration plots' benefit-cost ratio was larger (2.32) than the farmer's practice's (1.69).

Conclusion: From the aforementioned findings, it can be concluded that using modern technologies for pigeon pea cultivation may significantly close the extension and technology gap, increasing pigeon pea yield in the area. It requires collaborative extension efforts to enhance the adoption of location and crop specific technologies among the farmers to bridge these gaps.
Performance of Qualitative and Quantitative Models in Creating Landslide Susceptibility Map of Chaliyar River Basin
Authors: Aiswarya L. , Rema K. P. , Asha J.
Published: September 2023

A Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM) for Kerala's Chaliyar river basin is what this study aims to provide. Several landslides occurred in this basin as a result of the floods in 2018 and 2019. There were 592 identified landslides. Using ArcGIS 10.7 software, the landslide inventory was taken from the inventories created by the National Remote Sensing Center (NRSC) and Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA), and the future incidence of landslides was projected by linking the landslide cause variables. Landslide inventories were split into training and validation groups in this study, with the ratios fixed at 70:30. Two models, including a qualitative one called Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and a quantitative one (a bivariate statistical model) called Weights of Evidence (WOE) model, were used to evaluate landslide susceptibility. The following factors were employed as causative parameters: Slope, Aspect, Curvature, Relative Relief, TWI, Distance to Road, Distance to Streams, Distance to Lineaments, Land Use Land Cover, Drainage Density, Road Density, Lineament Density, Geomorphology, Soil Texture, and NDVI. The performance of the models was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)'s Area Under the Curve (AUC). In the study, the WLC model yields an AUC success rate accuracy of 59.9%, while the WOE model yields an accuracy of 70.9%. In terms of ratio of landslide validation accuracy, the WOE model outperforms the WLC model by 11%. The anticipated landslide area is included in the landslide susceptibility map, which can be incorporated to lessen the risk of landslides in this research.
Response of Different Level of Zinc and Boron on Growth, Flowering, Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cv. ‘Pusa Cherry-1’
Authors: Sandilya Agniwesh , Prasad V. M. , Bahadur Vijay , Singh Devi , Singh Yash Kumar
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the effect of Zinc and Boron on the growth, yield, and quality of Cherry tomatoes. [Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) Fosberg] cv. ‘Pusa Cherry-1’ in Prayagraj, India.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height, number of branches, plant spread, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to fruit setting, days to fruit picking, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruit set per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, acidity and benefit-cost ratio. The nine treatments applied in the study include control, Zinc at different concentrations (50 ppm and 100 ppm), and Boron at different concentrations (50 ppm and 100 ppm). The results of the study indicate that the application of Zinc and Boron significantly improved the growth and yield of Cherry tomatoes. The highest fruit yield, fruit weight, TSS, and ascorbic acid content were observed in the plants treated with Zinc at a concentration of 100ppm added Boron at a concentration of 100ppm. The benefit-cost ratio was also found to be higher in the treated plants compared to the control. Overall, the study suggests that the application of Zinc and Boron can be an effective and sustainable method for enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of Cherry Tomatoes.
Methodology of Micropropagation of Elite Genotype in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Genotype Lakshmi
Authors: D. Karthika , R. Chitra , P. Irene Vethamoni , B. Rajagopal , M. Rajavel
Published: September 2023

The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic plant grown extensively throughout Asia, mostly for commercial and ornamental purposes. It is mostly propagated via rhizomes. A potent and reproducible plant regeneration system for lotus has been developed in this work employing rhizomes, shoot tips from the mother plant, and mature and immature embryos collected from eighteen and twenty-six-day-old aseptically fertilized seed. Shoot induction, number of shoots, and length of roots were induced on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) mgL-1 (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4). The response of the explant varied with different BAP concentrations. The most favorable outcomes were achieved using MS medium treated with 0.5 mgL-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (T2).
Study on Impact of Sowing Dates on Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) in Direct Seeded Rice
Authors: N. Sachin , C. Sandhya Rani , C.V. Rama Rao , M. Rambhadra Raju , D. Sandeep
Published: September 2023

A field experiment to study the impact of sowing dates on Rice leaf folder in direct seeded rice was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2021. Early planted rice crop had lower pest than later transplanted rice. Various dates have a significant impact on the occurrence of biotic stress, particularly insect pests. To identify suitable plating dates to minimize the leaf folder infestation in paddy the following experiment was conducted. Sowing was done at four different dates with 10 days interval which were taken as treatments each replicated with five times and the data has also been correlated with light trap data. The mean per cent damage ranged from 9.44 to 16.64 %. Highest infestation (16.64 %) was observed in last date of sowing and least damage  (9.44 %) was observed in first date of sowing. Correlation analysis of light trap catch data shown a positive correlation with morning (r = 0.373) and evening (r = 0.186) relative humidity while a negative correlation with maximum (r = - 0.182), and minimum (r = - 0.017) temperatures and rainfall (r= - 0.154). Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) of trapped adult number and climatic conditions at different sowing dates revealed that weather parameters contributed to the variation in moth number trapped in light trap by 35.4 per cent in first date of sowing, 42.2 per cent in second date of sowing, 59.6 per cent in third date of sowing, and 50.7 per cent in fourth date of sowing. Yield ranged from 3632 kg ha-1 in last date of sowing to 5156 kg ha-1 in first date of sowing.
Characterization of Soil Properties and Their Relationship with Various Sulphur Fractions in Groundnut Farming Regions of Bikaner District, India
Authors: Bhunwal Vanika , Singh Jasveer , Gulati I. J. , Choudhary Anirudh , Rajveer  , Khadda Balbir Singh , Choudhary Naseeb , Jaipal
Published: September 2023

An exploratory survey was conducted in Bikaner district during the 2015-16 kharif season to study the sulphur fractions and other soil properties in groundnut growing areas. 40 farmers from four tehsils (Lunkaransar, Shri Dungargarh, Nokha, and Kolayat) were selected for the study. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, CaCO3, organic carbon, soil texture, available nutrients (N, P2O5, K2O, S), and sulphur fractions. The results showed that the soils were sandy, loamy sand, and sandy loam in texture and alkaline in -pH. The majority of soils were calcareous with low organic carbon content. The available nitrogen was found to be low while available P2O5 and K2O were medium. The distribution of different forms of sulphur in soil was found to be strongly dependent on soil characteristics such as clay content, silt and organic carbon content. It is noted that for more productive growth of groundnut better fertilizer practices along with organic manure should be practiced so as to improve OC status as well as compensate for lower water holding capacity of sandy soils.
Phytochemical Profiling of Dried Palmyrah Haustorium Powder through GC-MS Analysis: Unveiling Novel Bioactive Compounds
Authors: S. Pavithra , P. Irene Vethamoni , S. Pazhanivelan , K. Venkatesan , M. Anand
Published: September 2023

Palmyrah seed haustorium is most beneficial (in human health) with its medicinal properties. It contains various volatile compounds and health benefits, preventing many diseases. The present study was carried out with palmyrah haustorium to evaluate the volatile compounds through GC-MS analysis using methanolic extract. The haustorium extract was used to identify the amount of bioactive substances, secondary metabolites, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, and phenolics found in the Palmyrah haustorium using GC-MS analysis. The results indicated that the palmyrah haustorium contains 50 volatile compounds and secondary metabolites. GC-MS analysis of palmyrah haustorium extract revealed volatile compounds with medicinal properties including anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, antihistaminic, cardiotonic, diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. It may prevent Alzheimer's and nervous system disorders. Haustorium is used in food and perfumery industries as a flavoring agent and food additives. The study highlights its health benefits and disease preventing potential in palmyrah haustorium.
Genomic Sequencing as a First-Tier Screening Test and Outcomes of Newborn Screening
Authors: Chen Ting , Fan Chunna , Huang Yonglan , Feng Jizhen , Zhang Yinhong , Miao Jingkun , Wang Xiaohua , Li Yulin , Huang Cidan , Jin Weiwei , Tang Chengfang , Feng Lulu , Yin Yifan , Zhu Bo , Sun Meng , Liu Xiulian , Xiang Jiale , Tan Minyi , Jia Liyun , Chen Lei , Huang Hui , Peng Huanhuan , Sun Xin , Gu Xuefan , Peng Zhiyu , Zhu Baosheng , Zou Hui , Han Lianshu
Published: September 2023

Importance

Newborn screening via biochemical tests is in use worldwide. The availability of genetic sequencing has allowed rapid screening for a substantial number of monogenic disorders. However, the outcomes of this strategy have not been evaluated in a general newborn population.

Objective

To evaluate the outcomes of applying gene panel sequencing as a first-tier newborn screening test.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included newborns who were prospectively recruited from 8 screening centers in China between February 21 and December 31, 2021. Neonates with positive results were followed up before July 5, 2022.

Exposures

All participants were concurrently screened using dried blood spots. The screen consisted of biochemical screening tests and a targeted gene panel sequencing test for 128 conditions. The biochemical and genomic tests could both detect 43 of the conditions, whereas the other 85 conditions were screened solely by the gene panel.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were the number of patients detected by gene panel sequencing but undetected by the biochemical test.

Results

This study prospectively recruited 29 601 newborns (15 357 [51.2%] male). The mean (SD) gestational age was 39.0 (1.5) weeks, and the mean (SD) birth weight was 3273 (457) g. The gene panel sequencing screened 813 infants (2.7%; 95% CI, 2.6%-2.9%) as positive. By the date of follow-up, 402 infants (1.4%; 95% CI, 1.2%-1.5%) had been diagnosed, indicating the positive predictive value was 50.4% (95% CI, 50.0%-53.9%). The gene panel sequencing identified 59 patients undetected by biochemical tests, including 20 patients affected by biochemically and genetically screened disorders and 39 patients affected by solely genetically screened disorders, which translates into 1 out of every 500 newborns (95% CI, 1/385-1/625) benefiting from the implementation of gene panels as a first-tier screening test.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, the use of gene panel sequencing in a general newborn population as a first-tier screening test improved the detection capability of traditional screening, providing an evidence-based suggestion that it could be considered as a crucial method for first-tier screening.
Creep Characterization of Inconel 718 Lattice Metamaterials Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Bhuwal Akash Singh , Pang Yong , Maskery Ian , Ashcroft Ian , Sun Wei , Liu Tao
Published: September 2023

Lattice metamaterials manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are limited by their performance for critical applications. LPBF materials have microstructural or macroscale anomalies, such as suboptimal grain size, morphology, and lack of fusion. This results in LPBF metamaterials performance degradation for various mechanical properties, such as creep, which has seldom been researched. To understand the creep behavior of LPBF Inconel 718, body‐centered cubic metamaterials are fabricated for creep test at 650 °C. Kachanov's damage modeling is used to predict the creep performance of the metamaterials under different loading conditions. Microstructural characterization is performed with scanning electron microscopy to identify critical microstructure defects affecting the failure mechanisms and creep behaviors of the metamaterials. It is shown in the results that the loading conditions affect the fracture process of the metamaterials owing to different failure mechanisms. In the simulation and test results, the logarithmic decline in creep life is shown when loading increases; also, logarithmic increase in the creep life is shown when relative density increases.
Comparison of the Thermal Stability in Equal‐Channel‐Angular‐Pressed and High‐Pressure‐Torsion‐Processed Fe–21Cr–5Al Alloy
Authors: Arivu Maalavan , Hoffman Andrew , Duan Jiaqi , Poplawsky Jonathan , Zhang Xinchang , Liou Frank , Islamgaliev Rinat , Valiev Ruslan , Wen Haiming
Published: September 2023

Nanostructured steels are expected to have enhanced irradiation tolerance and improved strength. However, they suffer from poor microstructural stability at elevated temperatures. In this study, Fe–21Cr–5Al–0.026C (wt%) Kanthal D (KD) alloy belonging to a class of (FeCrAl) alloys considered for accident‐tolerant fuel cladding in light‐water reactors is nanostructured using two severe plastic deformation techniques of equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high‐pressure torsion (HPT), and their thermal stability between 500–700 °C is studied and compared. ECAP KD is found to be thermally stable up to 500 °C, whereas HPT KD is unstable at 500 °C. Microstructural characterization reveals that ECAP KD undergoes recovery at 550 °C and recrystallization above 600 °C, while HPT KD shows continuous grain growth after annealing above 500 °C. Enhanced thermal stability of ECAP KD is from significant fraction (>50%) of low‐angle grain boundaries (GBs) (misorientation angle 2–15°) stabilizing the microstructure due to their low mobility. Small grain sizes, a high fraction (>80%) of high‐angle GBs (misorientation angle >15°) and accordingly a large amount of stored GB energy, serve as the driving force for HPT KD to undergo grain growth instead of recrystallization driven by excess stored strain energy.
Determination of the Rate Dependence of Damage Formation in Metallic‐Intermetallic Mg–Al–Ca Composites at Elevated Temperature using Panoramic Image Analysis
Authors: Medghalchi Setareh , Zubair Muhammad , Karimi Ehsan , Sandlöbes-Haut Stefanie , Kerzel Ulrich , Korte-Kerzel Sandra
Published: September 2023

A cast Mg‐4.65Al‐2.82Ca alloy with a microstructure containing an α‐Mg matrix is studied, which is reinforced with a C36 Laves phase skeleton. Such ternary alloys are targeted for elevated temperature applications in automotive engines, since they possess excellent creep properties. However, in application, the alloy may be subjected to a wide range of strain rates, and thus accelerated testing is often essential. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the effect of such rate variations. Herein, their impact on damage formation is focused. The analysis is based on high‐resolution panoramic imaging using scanning electron microscopy, combined with automated damage analysis using deep learning for object detection and classification (YOLOv5). It is found that with decreasing strain rate the dominant damage mechanism for a given strain level changes: at a strain rate of 5 × 10−4 s−1, the evolution of microcracks in the C36 Laves phase dominates damage formation. However, when the strain rate is decreased to 5 × 10−6 s−1, interface decohesion, becomes equally important. A change in crack orientation is also observed, indicating an increasing influence of plastic codeformation of the α‐Mg matrix and Laves phase. This transition is attributed to the leading damage mechanism to thermally activated processes at the interface.
Effects of Thermal Cycling and Porosity on Phase Transformation of Porous Nanocrystalline NiTi Shape Memory Alloy: An Atomistic Simulation
Authors: Liu Bingfei , Wang Yuyang , Wu Wenping
Published: September 2023

Herein, the effects of thermal cycling and porosity on the martensitic phase transformation behavior of porous nanocrystalline (NC) NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) at the atomic scale are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that thermal cycling causes the NC NiTi SMAs to repeatedly undergo martensitic phase transformation and inverse phase transformation processes. The martensitic phase transformation capability is suppressed with increasing porosity and number of cycles, but the suppression effect of thermal cycling is weakened with increasing porosity. Moreover, the start temperature of martensitic transformation, residual martensitic phase, and the fraction of interstitial atoms increase with increasing porosity. Thermal cycling causes the disordered structures and shear plastic deformation to accumulate as cycling increases. Recoverable shear deformation is generated within the grain, but shear plastic deformation is mainly concentrated at both grain boundaries and pore surfaces. Residual martensitic phase increases after thermal cycling. These results provide important explanations and references for a deeper understanding of phase transformation behavior and pore effects caused by thermal cycling.
Nanoscintillator‐Mediated X‐Ray‐Triggered Boosting Transformation of Fe3+ into Fe2+ for Enhancing Tumor Ferroptosis/Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Caiju , Lu Shuting , Deng Kai , Qian Wang , Liu Yue , Li Yi , Jin Shiqi , Suo Ruiyang , Xu Haibo , Wu Bo
Published: September 2023

Ferroptosis therapy induced by iron‐catalyzed Fenton reaction has offered enormous opportunities for tumor therapy. Unfortunately, high catalytic activity ferrous (Fe2+)‐based therapeutic agent has remained challenging due to the instability of Fe2+. Herein, an X‐ray‐activated Fe2+ supply platform, termed “PFCN”, containing the core of CaWO4 nanoscintillator to emit ultraviolet (UV) light and Fe3O4 decorated on the surface to deliver excessive Fe2+ is proposed. Under X‐ray excitation, the UV light emitted by CaWO4 can catalyze ferric (Fe3+) to generate Fe2+, which further cascades the Fenton reaction to induce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals generation. More importantly, immunogenic cell death‐associated immunotherapy is simultaneously triggered during this process. Experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo revealed that X‐ray‐triggered PFCN shows superior tumor therapeutic efficacy, contributing i) enhanced radiotherapy; ii) X‐ray‐activated ferroptosis therapy; and iii) ferroptosis/radiotherapy‐induced immunotherapy. Besides, PFCN can be utilized as an MR/CT dual‐mode imaging contrast agent for tumor diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The study provides a novel example of an X‐ray‐activated ferrous‐regeneration platform for imaging‐guided augmenting tumor ferroptosis/immunotherapy
Cu7S4/MxSy (M=Cd, Ni, and Mn) Janus Atomic Junctions for Plasmonic Energy Upconversion Boosted Multi‐Functional Photocatalysis
Authors: Guo Meijun , Talebian‐Kiakalaieh Amin , Xia Bingquan , Hu Yiyang , Chen Hongjun , Ran Jingrun , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: September 2023

Rational design/synthesis of atomic‐level‐engineered Janus junctions for sunlight‐impelled high‐performance photocatalytic generation of clean fuels (e.g., H2O2 and H2) and valuable chemicals are of great significance. Especially, it is appealing but challenging to acquire accurately‐engineered Janus atomic junctions (JAJs) for simultaneously realizing the plasmonic energy upconversion with near‐infrared (NIR) light and direct Z‐scheme charge transfer with visible light. Here, a range of new Cu7S4/MxSy (M=Cd, Ni, and Mn) JAJs are designed/synthesized via a cation‐exchange route using Cu7S4 hexagonal nanodisks as templates. All Cu7S4/MxSy JAJs show apparently‐enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 evolution compared to Cu7S4 in pure water. Notably, optimized Cu7S4/CdS (CCS) JAJ exhibits the outstanding H2O2 evolution rate (2.93 mmol g−1 h−1) in benzyl alcohol aqueous solution, due to the following factors: i) NIR light‐impelled plasmonic energy upconversion induced H2O2 evolution, revealed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy; ii) visible‐light‐driven direct Z‐scheme charge migration, confirmed by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Besides, three different reaction pathways for H2O2 evolution are disclosed by in situ electron spin resonance spectroscopy and quenching experiments. Finally, CCS JAJ also exhibits super‐high rates on H2 and benzaldehyde co‐generation using visible‐NIR light or NIR light. This work highlights the significance of atomic‐scale interface engineering for solar‐to‐chemical conversion.
Self‐Contained Underwater Adhesion and Informational Labeling Enabled by Arene‐Functionalized Polymeric Ionogels
Authors: Wang Shuxue , Li Jingjing , Li Shuai , Wu Xiaochun , Guo Cui , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Wang Zhihang , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: September 2023

Adhesives and water exhibit a conflicting correlation as indicated by the failure of most synthetic adhesives in submerged and humid environments. Development of instant, strong, reversible, and long‐lasting adhesives that can adhere to wet surfaces and function in underwater environments presents a formidable challenge, yet it is of paramount importance in biomedical and engineering applications. Herein, viscoelastic and moldable ionogels are developed based on synergistic engineering of aromatic substituents, fluorinated counterions, ionic building blocks, and 3D cross‐linked networks. The molecular design and structural engineering result in a facile synthesis, two bonding methods (glue‐ and tape‐type), and the combined mechanisms of enhanced adhesion and cohesion. The high underwater adhesion strength of over 8.9 MPa is among the best‐performing tape‐type underwater adhesives reported to date. A combination of excellent durability, reliability, deformation resistance, salt tolerance, water proof, antiswelling, and self‐healing properties demonstrates the “self‐contained” underwater adhesion. Furthermore, the extended π‐conjugation of the aromatic pendant groups confers a new functionality to the ionogels – visible fluorescence, enabling intriguing applications such as underwater labeling, information encryption, and signal transmission. This study shines lights on the fabrication of ionogel‐based adhesives and provides their future perspectives in underwater sealing, self‐repair, crack diagnosis, and informational labeling.
Configurational and Dynamical Heterogeneity in Superionic Li5.3PS4.3Cl1.7−xBrx
Authors: Wang Pengbo , Patel Sawankumar , Liu Haoyu , Chien Po‐Hsiu , Feng Xuyong , Gao Lina , Chen Benjamin , Liu Jue , Hu Yan‐Yan
Published: September 2023

The correlation between lattice chemistry and cation migration in high‐entropy Li+ conductors is not fully understood due to challenges in characterizing anion disorder. To address this issue, argyrodite family of Li+ conductors, which enables structural engineering of the anion lattice, is investigated. Specifically, new argyrodites, Li5.3PS4.3Cl1.7−xBrx (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.7), with varying anion entropy are synthesized and X‐ray diffraction, neutron scattering, and multinuclear high‐resolution solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are used to determine the resulting structures. Ion and lattice dynamics are determined using variable‐temperature multinuclear NMR relaxometry and maximum entropy method analysis of neutron scattering, aided by constrained ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. 15 atomic configurations of anion arrangements are identified, producing a wide range of local lattice dynamics. High entropy in the lattice structure, composition, and dynamics stabilize otherwise metastable Li‐deficient structures and flatten the energy landscape for cation migration. This resulted in the highest room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 26 mS cm−1 and a low activation energy of 0.155 eV realized in Li5.3PS4.3Cl0.7Br, where anion disorder is maximized. This study sheds light on the complex structure–property relationships of high‐entropy superionic conductors, highlighting the significance of heterogeneity in lattice dynamics.
Tailoring Neuroplasticity in a Ferroelectric‐Gated Multi‐Terminal Synaptic Transistor by Bi‐Directional Modulation for Improved Pattern Edge Recognition
Authors: Li Mingjie , Liu Zhifang , Sun Yilin , Ding Yingtao , Chen Hongwu , Zhang Weibo , Liu Zhongyang , Liu Xiao , Wang Han , Chen Zhiming
Published: September 2023

The dynamic modulation of the plasticity of artificial neuromorphic devices facilitates a wide range of neuromorphic functions. However, integrating diverse plasticity modulation techniques into a single device presents a challenge due to limitations in the device structure design. Here, a multiterminal artificial synaptic device capable of bi‐directional modulation on its plasticity is proposed. Significantly, the conversion of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic plasticity can be achieved not only by modifying the polarity of the presynaptic voltage spike but also by exchanging its input terminal between top and bottom gate while maintaining the same presynaptic stimuli. This unique bi‐directional modulation of synaptic plasticity has been attributed to two distinct physical mechanisms: nonvolatile ferroelectric polarization and interface charge trap‐induced memory characteristics. Additionally, the effective dynamic modulation of the synaptic behaviors is quantified under different back‐gate bias and verified in the constructed neural network perceptron. Further, a visual simulation demonstrates the enhanced clarity and precision of edge recognition through the back‐gate modulation in the artificial synapses. This study provides a strategy to fulfill diversified modulation on synaptic plasticity in ferroelectric‐gated transistors, thereby prompting efficient and controllable neuromorphic visual systems.
Reversible Ultrafast Chiroptical Responses in Planar Plasmonic Nano‐Oligomer
Authors: Wang Fei , Han Zexiang , Sun Juehan , Yang XueKang , Wang Xiaoli , Tang Zhiyong
Published: September 2023

Ultracompact chiral plasmonic nanostructures with unique chiral light–matter interactions are vital for future photonic technologies. However, previous studies are limited to reporting their steady‐state performance, presenting a fundamental obstacle to the development of high‐speed optical devices with polarization sensitivity. Here, a comprehensive analysis of ultrafast chiroptical response of chiral gold nano‐oligomers using time‐resolved polarimetric measurements is provided. Significant differences are observed in terms of the absorption intensity, thus hot electron generation, and hot carrier decay time upon polarized photopumping, which are explained by a phenomenological model of the helicity‐resolved optical transitions. Moreover, the chiroptical signal is switchable by reversing the direction of the pump pulse, demonstrating the versatile modulation of polarization selection in a single device. The results offer fundamental insights into the helicity‐resolved optical transitions in photoexcited chiral plasmonics and can facilitate the development of high‐speed polarization‐sensitive flat optics with potential applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics.
Metallic and All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces Sustaining Displacement‐Mediated Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Berger Luca M. , Barkey Martin , Maier Stefan A. , Tittl Andreas
Published: September 2023

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are localized electromagnetic modes within the continuous spectrum of radiating waves. Due to their infinite lifetimes without radiation losses, BICs are driving research directions in lasing, non‐linear optical processes, and sensing. However, conventional methods for converting BICs into leaky resonances, or quasi‐BICs, with high‐quality factors typically rely on breaking the in‐plane inversion symmetry of the metasurface and often result in resonances that are strongly dependent on the angle of the incident light, making them unsuitable for many practical applications. Here, an emerging class of BIC‐driven metasurfaces is numerically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated, where the coupling to the far field is controlled by the displacement of individual resonators. In particular, both all‐dielectric and metallic as well as positive and inverse displacement‐mediated metasurfaces sustaining angular‐robust quasi‐BICs are investigated in the mid‐infrared spectral region. Their optical behavior with regard to changes in the angle of incidence is investigated and experimentally shows their superior performance compared to two conventional alternatives: silicon‐based tilted ellipses and cylindrical nanoholes in gold. These findings are anticipated to open exciting perspectives for bio‐sensing, conformal optical devices, and photonic devices using focused light.
A Numerical Study of Ash Deposition Characteristics in a 660MW Supercritical Tangential Boiler
Authors: Zhu Mengxin , Lu Hao , Zhao Wenjun , Huang Shangwen , Chang Xiqiang , Dong Lijiang , Kong Dean , Jing Xuehui
Published: September 2023

When the boiler is operated at different loads, the characteristics of ash deposition in the boiler will change accordingly. In this paper, a 660MW tangentially fired power boiler is taken as the research object. The combustion characteristics and ash deposition on the boiler walls are studied by numerical simulation. The results show that: 1) In the middle and lower part of the furnace wall, more particles are deposited, the temperature is higher and the CO concentration is higher, so slagging is easy to occur. 2) The ash accumulation in the bottom hopper mainly comes from the bottom two layers of burners for >98%. 3) The deposition ratio is negatively correlated with the height of the burner. 4) With the particle diameter increasing, the particle deposition from the lower burner increases significantly. Selecting pulverized coal with particle size of 65 µm can reduce the risk of ash deposition.
Long‐term treatment outcomes in gastric cancer with oligometastasis
Authors: Hara Kentaro , Cho Haruhiko , Onodera Atsushi , Endo Kazuya , Maezawa Yukio , Aoyama Toru , Yamada Takanobu , Oshima Takashi , Rino Yasushi
Published: September 2023

Aim

While surgery is essential for curative treatment of gastric cancer with oligometastasis, its target, timing, and possibility of combination with other treatments are unclear. We herein investigated the clinical course and long‐term outcomes of gastric cancer with oligometastasis in the real world setting to determine the optimal therapeutic strategy.

Methods

The present study retrospectively analyzed 992 patients who received any treatment for metastatic or recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma at Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital between 2007 and 2019. Oligometastasis was defined as any one of the following: liver metastases (HEP) <3; lung metastases (PUL) <3; unilateral adrenal gland metastasis (ADR); para‐aortic lymph node metastasis (PALN); or one, distant, lymph node metastasis, excluding the regional lymph nodes (LYM). Overall survival was compared by the characteristics and treatments for the oligometastasis, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors of overall survival.

Results

Ninety‐seven patients (9.8%) with the following metastasis sites were enrolled: HEP (n = 27), PUL (n = 2), ADR (n = 3), PALN (n = 55), and LYM (n = 10). The median survival time of the cohort was 22.8 months, and the five‐year overall survival rate was 28.4%. On multivariate analysis, chemotherapy for the initial treatment (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.438; p = 0.048), distal gastrectomy and/or metastasectomy (HR: 0.290; p = 0.001), and R0 resection (HR: 0.373; p = 0.005) were identified as independent, positive factors of overall survival.

Conclusion

The long‐term outcomes of gastric cancer in patients with oligometastasis may improve if treatment is begun with chemotherapy rather than surgery.
Photochemical Oximesulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl‐Oxime‐Ethers as Bifunctional Reagents
Authors: Dey Jayanta , Banerjee Nayan , Daw Swikriti , Guin Joyram
Published: September 2023

Utilization of oxime ethers as bifunctional reagents remains unknown. Herein, we present a mechanistically distinct strategy that enables oximesulfonylation of olefins using sulfonyl‐oxime‐ethers as bifunctional reagents under metal‐free photochemical conditions. Via concomitant C−S and C−C bond formation, the process permits incorporation of oxime and sulfonyl groups into olefins in a complete atom‐economic fashion, providing rapid access to multi‐functionalized β‐sulfonyl oxime ethers with good yields and stereoselectivity. The method is amenable to functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is shown to be scalable. A radical chain mechanism initiated via photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mediated N−O bond cleavage is suggested for the process, based on our results on mechanistic investigations.
Untersuchungen des Flüssigkeitsgemisches Aceton/n‐Heptan in den Grenzgebieten der Konzentration
Authors: Plüddemann H. , Schäfer Kl.
Published: September 2023

Die Abweichungen vom ersten Raoultschen Gesetz durch die Realgaskorrektur und das Flüssigkeitsvolumen in den Grenzgebieten der Konzentration, in denen nach der elementaren Theorie das Raoultsche Gesetz streng erfüllt sein sollte, ist selten experimentell überprüft worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die Größe dieser Effekte am System Aceton/n‐Heptan. Hierzu wurden Dampfdruckgleichgewichte gemessen. Ferner wurde die Lage und Zusammensetzung des azeotropen Punktes des Systems zwischen 25 und 60°C so genau ermittelt, daß daraus eine Abschätzung des Verlaufs der Aktivitätskoeffizienten im ganzen Konzentrationsgebiet ermöglicht wird, die mit neueren Experimentalergebnissen verglichen werden kann. Schließlich werden noch einige Daten über den Azeotropismus des Systems Aceton/n‐Hexan mitgeteilt, aus dem ähnliche Schlüsse über den Verlauf der Aktivitätskoeffizienten im gesamten Konzentrationsgebiet gezogen werden können.
Ein Beitrag zum elektrischen Leitungsmechanismus von Schmelzen metallorganischer Komplexverbindungen und deren Lösungen mit assoziierenden Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Cordes H. , Röttger H.
Published: September 2023

Es wird gezeigt, daß der Stromtransport im Dialuminiumtriäthyl‐Natriumfluorid und auch in dessen Lösungen mit Diäthyläther, Benzol und Toluol als Platzwechselvorgang aufzufassen ist. Die genannte Komplexverbindung bildet mit den benutzten Lösungsmitteln definierte Solvatationskomplexe. Am System Toluol‐Dialuminiumtriäthyl‐Natriumfluorid läßt sich nach abgeschlossener Solvatation die Temperatur‐und Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit mit Exponentialfunktionen und dem er‐mittelten Dissoziationsgleichgewicht der in Lösung dimer und monomer vorliegenden Verbindung beschreiben. Für den Platzwechsel über die monomere bzw. dimere Form des Dialuminiumtriäthyl‐Natriumfluorids sind unterschiedliche Aktivierungsenergien erforderlich.
Zur Deutung der Relaxation der Oberflächenspannung
Authors: Göring Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

Die Relaxation der dynamischen Oberflächenspannung wird in analoger Weise wie die Spannungsrelaxation im elastischen Körper mit Hilfe des Maxwellschen Relaxationsansatzes rechnerisch erfaßt und als vorwiegend translatorischer Platzwechselvorgang in der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche gedeutet.
Elektronenspektren einiger Molekülkomplexe im gesamten Quarz‐UV
Authors: Czekalla J.
Published: September 2023

Aus spektralphotometrischen Messungen an verdünnten Lösungen bei — 180 °C konnten die Bildungskonstanten Kc und damit die Absorptionsspektren der reinen Molekülverbindungen bis 210 mμ für folgende Komplexe rechnerisch ermittelt werden: Tetrachlorphthalsäureanhydrid‐Anthracen, ‐Hexamethylbenzol; Trinitrobenzol‐Anthracen, ‐Hexamethylbenzol; Tetracyanäthylen‐Hexamethylbenzol.

Ein Vergleich der so gewonnenen Spektren mit den Spektren der Komponenten zeigt, daß die verschiedenen Banden durch die Komplexbildung recht unterschiedlich beeinflußt werden. Ein Verlust an Feinstruktur, geringfügige Blau‐ oder Rotverschiebung und nicht allzu starke Intensitätserhöhung oder ‐erniedrigung sind bei fast allen Banden festzustellen. Die Daten reichen nicht aus, um hierbei schon Gesetzmäßigkeiten zu erkennen. Nur für die symmetrieverbotene, langwelligste Bande des Hexamethylbenzols wurde in allen drei Komplexen eine starke Rotverschiebung und eine Intensitätserhöhung um etwa eine Zehnerpotenz gefunden, die praktisch einer Aufhebung des Übergangsverbots für den B2u ← A1g‐Übergang im Komplex gleichkommt.
Zur Adsorption von Radionukliden an Ionenaustauscherfilmen
Authors: Eschrich Hubert , Lindner Roland
Published: September 2023

Die Adsorptionskinetik verschiedener Radionuklide, insbesondere der Isotopenaustausch Y‐89 ⟷ Y‐91, an durch Sulfonierung von Polystyrolbändern erhaltenen etwa 15 μ dicken Ionenaustauscherschichten wird messend verfolgt.
Die Trennung der Spaltprodukte an Ionenaustauschern
Authors: Seyb Karl‐Erich , Herrmann Gunter
Published: September 2023

Es wird ein Trennschema für alle Elemente, die bei der Kernspaltung des Urans (und der benachbarten Elemente) mit Isotopen von mehr als einem Tag Halbwertszeit entstehen, beschrieben. Die Trennung erfolgt an Ionenaustauschern, in einigen Fällen werden Destillationsverfahren benutzt. Nach einem oxydierenden Lösen der Probe wird zunächst Jod abdestilliert. Der Rückstand wird in konzentrierter Salzsäure auf einen stark basischen Anionenaustauscher gegeben. Die Elemente Ru, Zr, Cd, Nb, Np, Pu, Sb, U, Mo, Te und Sn werden adsorbiert und in Gruppen oder einzeln durch Salzsäure, Salzsäure‐Flußsäure, Flußsäure oder Perchlorsäure geeigneter Konzentration eluiert. Von den nicht adsorbierten Elementen werden Rh und Ag aus 1 n Salzsäure an einer zweiten Säule mit stark basischem Anionenaustauscher adsorbiert. Ebenfalls an diese Säule gelangen Zr und Cd, die von der ersten Säule gemeinsam desorbiert werden. Diese Elemente werden durch Salzsäure und Salpetersäure verschiedener Konzentration getrennt. Die Elemente As, Cs, Sr, Ba, Y und Seltene Erden passieren auch die zweite Säule; sie werden ‐ bis auf As ‐ an einem stark sauren Kationenaustauscher adsorbiert und mit Ammoniumchlorid (Cs), α‐Oxy‐isobuttersäure steigenden pH‐Wertes (Y, Seltene Erden) und Salzsäure (Sr, Ba) getrennt. Ru wird zwischen der ersten und zweiten Anionensäule abdestilliert. Der Einfluß verschiedener Variablen auf die Trennung wird erörtert.
Eine Druckwellenapparatur zur Messung von Relaxationsvorgängen in Lösungen
Authors: Hoffmann H. , Pauli K.
Published: September 2023

Es wird eine Druckwellenapparatur zur Messung von Relaxationsvorgängen im Mikrosekundenbereich beschrieben. Durch Kondensatorentladungen über eine Flachspule vor einer Kupfermembran werden rechteckförmige Druckimpulse von etwa 12μsec Dauer und einer Amplitude von 25 atm erzeugt. Die dadurch ausgelösten chemischen Relaxationsvorgänge werden durch Messung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit verfolgt. Das Verfahren erfaßt in seinem jetzigen Entwicklungsstand Relaxationszeiten zwischen 1 μsec und etwa 10 μsec und ergänzt daher die bisherige Drucksprungmethode. Die Ausdehnung des Meßbereiches zu kürzeren und auch längeren Zeiten ist möglich.

Bei einer Anwendung des Verfahrens auf das Relaxationsverhalten von Co‐malonatlösungen wurden zwei verschiedene Relaxationszeiten beobachtet. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.