bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of deep neural networks for automatic irony detection in Russian texts
Authors: Kosterin Maksim A. , Paramonov Ilya V.
Published: March 2024

The paper examines automatic methods for classifying Russian-language sentences into two classes: ironic and non-ironic. The discussed methods can be divided into three categories: classifiers based on language model embeddings, classifiers using sentiment information, and classifiers with embeddings trained to detect irony. The components of classifiers are neural networks such as BERT, RoBERTa, BiLSTM, CNN, as well as an attention mechanism and fully connected layers. The irony detection experiments were carried out using two corpora of Russian sentences: the first corpus is composed of journalistic texts from the OpenCorpora open corpus, the second corpus is an extension of the first one and is supplemented with ironic sentences from the Wiktionary resource.

The best results were demonstrated by a group of classifiers based on embeddings of language models with the maximum F-measure of 0.84, achieved by a combination of RoBERTa, BiLSTM, an attention mechanism and a pair of fully connected layers in experiments on the extended corpus. In general, using the extended corpus produced results that were 2–5% higher than those of the basic corpus. The achieved results are the best for the problem under consideration in the case of the Russian language and are comparable to the best one for English.
Attempt to Eliminate Cyrillic Writing in the USSR in 1920s - 1930s: Politics and Practice
Authors: Sinitsyn Fedor L.
Published: March 2024

The idea of ‘the desirability of introducing a Latin writing for all nationalities inhabiting the territory of the Republic’ arose in the power circles of the RSFSR back in 1919. The target for ‘Latinizers’ were, among others, the Cyrillic alphabets used in the country. The intentions of the ‘Latinizers’ were based on the general attitudes of the ‘hyperinternationalist’ policy of the first decade of Soviet power. At the same time, the argument for why the Cyrillic alphabet should be changed to the Latin alphabet was weak. The practice of Latinization of the written language of different peoples had similar and special features. Despite the statements of the ‘Latinizers’ about the ‘universal support’ for Latinization, resistance to this initiative was revealed among the public and even government structures. The main and decisive factor of resistance was the harsh negative reaction of the USSR leadership to the activities of Romanization of the Russian alphabet. Despite all the efforts of the ‘Latinizers’, many peoples who used the Cyrillic alphabet did not switch to the Latin alphabet. The refusal to latinize the Russian alphabet became a ‘trigger’ for the abolition of Latinization on an all-Union scale.
Reflection of Everyday Life of the Common Man on the Pages of the "Satyricon" Magazine. Part 2
Authors: Moysinovich Anna M.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the satirical weekly «Satyricon», published in 1908-1914 in St. Petersburg. It set the vector for the development of Russian satirical and humorous journalism for many years to come. Based on the analysis of the materials published in the magazine, the article attempts to look at the world of the layman through the prism of satire and humor, to understand his interests and pressing problems. The author comes to the conclusion that the magazine «Satyricon» reflects almost all aspects of everyday life of the layman: culture, social life, fashion, entertainment. Particular attention in the periodical was given to the political events in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, the activities of the State Duma, and representatives of the political parties of the time. The vivid images of political leaders created by the satirists of the magazine could transform over time, change and be filled with new details, which were followed with great attention by the readers of the magazine.
Mean values in historical studies
Authors: Dashkovskaya Olga D.
Published: March 2024

The article examines the possibilities of using averages in historical researches. The basic principles of the application of these mathematical indicators are considered, the main errors of researchers arising from non-compliance with these rules are identified. On the basis of historical material, such averages as arithmetic mean, mode and median are analyzed in detail, their calculation in simple and non-standard cases (if statistical indicators are presented in the form of groupings, closed or open intervals). The possibilities of the «Microsoft Excel» program for calculating averages are demonstrated. Finally, the indicators of variation are characterized, allowing to reflect the individual values of the units of the statistical population.
Applying rhetorical methods to teach writing techniques to pre-service teachers
Authors: Papaevangelou Olympia , Soultana Rousaki , Syndoukas Dimitrios , Kalogiannidis Stavros
Published: March 2024

This study explores the impact of rhetorical strategies on the writing techniques of pre-service teachers. It specifically examines how process-based writing instruction, rooted in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), enhances the ability of student teachers to employ effective writing methods in crafting argumentative essays. Utilizing a sample of 98 student teachers from Greece, the research was conducted through a performance-based essay task, supported by two think-aloud protocols. This approach allowed for a detailed examination of the writing techniques used by pre-service teachers, both before and after receiving process-based writing instruction. The study focuses on the application and improvement of writing methods through the use of a rhetorical process approach. The results highlight the significance of rhetorical strategies, such as idea generation and rewriting, in the development of effective writing skills. The study reveals a clear improvement in the ability of students to choose and integrate relevant ideas into their essays after mastering these techniques. Additionally, the findings suggest the frequent use of translation strategies from native to foreign languages in concluding an article. This research underscores the importance of teaching rhetorical strategies in pre-service teacher training programs. By focusing on these techniques, educators can better equip student teachers with the skills necessary to become proficient writers, capable of addressing various audiences effectively. The study advocates for a greater emphasis on process-based instruction to enhance writing competencies in educational settings.
The effectiveness of breeding work on the improvement of the main economically important traits of traditional variety population Banannaya in Primorsky kray
Authors: Sakara N. A. , Bardina N. V. , Kim I. V.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. Although there is notable success in breeding vegetable crops to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids, traditional selection methods have been gaining in popularity as a means of improving the economically important traits of local traditional varieties in Russia today. These varieties suffered the reduction in their valuable starting parameters (yield, the uniformity of marketable produce and biochemical composition) over the many years of reproduction. The Department of Potato Breeding and Horticulture (FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki”) have been working on the creation of new squash variety-populations with large fruits using the variety-population Banannaya 42, bred by V. Ya. Smolei at the Far Eastern experimental station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Breeding in the 1940s, as the starting material. We carried out a multi-year research on the selection of promising families belonging to this variety to increase yield, improve the uniformity of fruits and the main biochemical parameters.

   Results. The breeding work conducted on the families of variety-population 945 in 2011-2022 resulted in the improvement of some economically important traits (the uniformity of fruit shape, yield, and biochemical parameters) compared to the started form. The eleven years of research allowed us to achieve high uniformity of fruit shape in the selection of the ninth year (PIP 2) – 90.0-90.7 % (increased by 34.9-36.0 %). The yield increased from 28.4 t/ha to 38.2-45.3 t/ha or by 34.5-59.5 %. The following biochemical parameters were improved through selection: the content of dry mater from 8.5 to 12.9 % or by 51.8 % on average, the content of sugars from 6.1 to 9.1 or by 49.2 %, the content of carotene from 1.7 to 3.8 or by 123.5 %, and the content of vitamin C from 9.6 to 21.1 or by 119.8 %. We selected the families of the same type from variety-population 945 (variety-population Banata) with improved and uniform economically important traits for submission to the State variety testing. The yield was 38.2-45.3 t/ha, fruits were heart-shaped, skin was greyish green, pulp was orange, and the content of sugars was 9.0-13.2 %. Large-fruited variety population Banata was included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted to use in the Russian Federation in 2024.
Dehydration of plant raw materials for variety of the space menu
Authors: Borzov S. S. , Kaukhcheshvili N. E. , Yanchenko E. V.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the work is due to the need to find ways to preserve the nutrient composition of vitamins and other necessary raw materials to create finished food products that can diversify the diet of astronauts, taking into account their habitat.

   Goal – Comparison of methods for dehydrating plant materials and creating finished food products with a certain degree of dehydration, recommended for feeding astronauts. These methods were used to produce so-called “frips” from fresh fruits and berries; this is a type of snack that is also widely used and developed in modern industry.

   Objects and methods of research. The objects of the study were several types of fruits and berries of various varieties (minimum 2) during dehydration by several types of drying.

   Results. Dehydration using the LTVD (low temperature vacuum drying) method makes it possible to obtain finished products with a given final moisture content, and the product can be made from multi-component raw materials. The duration of the dehydration process using the LTVD method compared to the VFD (vacuum freeze drying) method is reduced by approximately 10-20 % depending on the product, while due to the absence of preliminary freezing, the specific energy costs for drying a food object can presumably be reduced by 15-25 %. Quality indicators of the finished dry product The product dried using the presented methods is comparable, the content of vitamins and microelements is at almost the same level, therefore, when choosing the type of drying, we can recommend the LTVD method as less energy-consuming. The yield of marketable products in the production of frips ranges from 15.0 to 19.5 % by weight of the initial raw materials, which meets the requirements for economic efficiency of production.
Tomato breeding for open ground in the south of Russia
Authors: Engalychev M. R. , Dzhos E. A. , Matyukina A. A. , Verba O. V. , Demidenko E. V. , Sosnov V. S. , Rubtsov A. А.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the southern regions of Russia and one of the most popular with the population in all natural and climatic zones of the country. The majority of products is produced in large vegetable-growing, farming and private household farms. One of the most important tasks is to improve the assortment taking into account natural and climatic conditions of cultivation and directions of use. In this regard, the selection of industrial tomato with a high level of flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors for the south of Russia is an urgent task.

   The aim of the study is to evaluate economically valuable features of perspective lines and new hybrids of tomato of industrial type, adapted to the conditions of southern Russia.

   Material and methodology. The work was carried out in the open field conditions of experimental production farm of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Industry (Moscow region) and Biryuchekutskaya vegetable breeding experimental station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Rostov region).

   The objects of research were breeding material and 6 perspective new hybrid combinations of tomato of selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Federation.

   Results and discussion. As a result of step-by-step study and selection, the most promising samples were identified for further use as source material for practical breeding: B-6-C-2014, VS-B-№7, VS-B-18, VS-B-20, VS-B-35, VS-B-38. As a result of the competitive testing, the best hybrid combinations were identified: F1 B-1, F1 B-2, F1 B-4, meeting the requirements of commercial production in the south of Russia. It is shown that the hybrid combination F1 B-2 exceeds both standard samples F1 Meteor and F1 Perfectpeel both in terms of total yield (by 10.9 t/ha and 9.6 t/ha), marketability of fruits, and dry matter content in fruits (6.1 % vs. 5.1% and 5.2 %). Taking into account the complex of economic characteristics, a precocious F1 hybrid of tomato F1 B-2 called F1 Profy has been submitted to the State Variety Testing, as it shows stable economic characteristics over several years of study.
Technological methods for increasing the yield and fertility reproduction when growing zucchini on sod-podzolic light loamy soil in natural and climatic conditions of Republic of Belarus
Authors: Kozlovskaya I. P. , Vinokurova-Labunskaya Yu. V.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. To improve the quality of life and expand the taste preferences of the population of Belarus, it is necessary to expand the range of vegetable crops with high yields, marketability and product quality, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the republic. In this regard, improving technological methods for cultivating such a crop as zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is of scientific and practical importance.

   Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on the territory of a private farm in the village of Chukhny, Smorgon district. Field and laboratory studies were carried out using generally accepted methods and guidelines.

   Results. Substantiated the feasibility of cultivating green manure crops in combination with the local application of thermoammonia-disinfected compost when growing zucchini in seedlings on sod-podzolic light loamy soils in the natural climatic conditions of Belarus. The developed technological methods ensure the reproduction of soil fertility, increased yield, and production of high quality products without the use of mineral fertilizers. When using green manure and disinfected compost, the nitrate content in zucchini cv. Bonus, grown without mineral fertilizers, was in the range of 280-320 mg/kg. To reproduce the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy soils when growing zucchini in the natural climatic conditions of Belarus, it is advisable to use oats, oilseed radish and peas as green manure fertilizers. This technological technique increases the content of organic matter in the soil by 0.8-1.3 %. Together with green manure, adding thermo-ammonia-disinfected compost into a hole when planting zucchini seedlings ensures an increase in organic matter content by 1.2-1.5 % in the compost localization zone. During the decomposition of organic matter of green manure crops and disinfected compost applied locally, nutrients are released in quantities sufficient to form a high yield of zucchini with a nitrate content below the maximum permissible concentration. Thus, when grown on soddy-podzolic light loamy soils in the natural climatic conditions of Belarus, the proposed technological methods make it possible to obtain high-quality products and significantly increase the yield of zucchini due to green manure in combination with the local application of disinfected compost without the use of mineral fertilizers.
Comparing the Efficiency of European Banking Sectors from the Financialisation Perspective Using the DEA Method
Authors: Florczak Tomasz Grzegorz , Czechowska Iwona Dorota , Kucharski Adam , Stawska Joanna , Lobozynska Sophia
Published: March 2024

Research background: The importance of the financial sector for the real economy has increased as there has been a transition from industrial capitalism to financial capitalism in recent years. The increasing importance of the financial sector is referred to as financialisation, and it is undoubtedly associated with finance, financial operations, or an increase in the importance of profits generated by financial activities. Financialisation is a long‑term process characterised by the growth of the banking sector. Purpose of the article: This article compares the effectiveness of banking sectors in the European Union (EU) countries from the financialisation perspective.
Methods: The study determined the efficiency of the banking sectors for the 28 EU countries using an input‑oriented, non‑radial BCC model in 2017 and assessed changes in the efficiency of the entities studied using the Malmquist index between 2008 and 2017.
Findings & value added: With certain outlays and effects, the banking sectors of seven countries were effective in 2017 from the financialisation perspective: Cyprus, Denmark, France, Luxembourg, Malta, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The effectiveness of individual inputs for the banking sectors from each country was then determined, and benchmark leaders were identified. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the efficiency of the banking sectors showed that Sweden had the highest values of the Malmquist index between 2008 and 2017 (where efficiency increased by 37.7%).
Asymmetry in Body Composition Variables of Youth Athletes
Authors: Dimitrova Albena
Published: March 2024

Assessing bilateral differences in paired anthropometric features is an important methodological problem in sports anthropology. The present study included 128 adolescent female athletes (59 rhythmic gymnasts, 58 tennis players, and 11 swimmers). Body composition components were determined using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance measurements (analyzer InBody 170). Asymmetry coefficients of muscle and fat mass accumulation in the upper (AA) and lower (AL) limbs were calculated using the Nacheva` equation (1986). The percentiles method was applied to distribute the bilaterally studied anthropometric features according to the mean values of the units of asymmetry (UA). Wilkoxon-test was used to assess the statistically significant differences in paired variables. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to determine the differences in UA between three assessed athlete groups, depending on their age. The differences in body composition components between rhythmic gymnasts (RG), tennis players (TP), and swimmers (SW) were well expressed in all assessed age groups. The most considerable inter-group differences were observed in terms of the asymmetry coefficient in the lean body mass (LBM) with a right direction and body fat mass with a left direction for upper limb fat mass (%, kg), which have signed the highest values in the tennis players group, followed by the RG on the same age. Swimmers had significantly the lowest values of UA for all body segments. A close relation was found between asymmetry in body composition variables and the type of sports activity. Tennis was found as a sport with more pronounced inter-limbs asymmetry.
Persystencja wyników Otwartych Funduszy Emerytalnych/OFE działających na polskim rynku kapitałowym w dobie pandemii
Authors: Kurzyk Beata
Published: March 2024

Cel artykułu. Wykazanie powtarzalności wyników funduszy emerytalnych to ważny wskaźnik przyszłych decyzji inwestycyjnych. Badania nad persystencją wyników były i są w głównej mierze skierowane na fundusze inwestycyjne. W Polsce niewiele badań poświęcono zagadnieniu utrzymywania się wyników funduszy emerytalnych, znikomą w odniesieniu do OFE. Głównym celem tej pracy było zbadanie występowania persystencji wyników OFE na polskim rynku kapitałowym w dobie pandemii Covid-19.
Metoda badawcza. Zidentyfikowano dziesięć funduszy OFE. Analizie poddano persystencje stóp zwrotu poszczególnych OFE liczoną w interwałach miesięcznych (34), kwartalnych (11) oraz półrocznych (5) w okresie od 1 marca 2020 r. do 31 grudnia 2022 r. Analizę przeprowadzono za pomocą miernika, którego konstrukcja opiera się na stopie zwrotu obliczonej w oparciu o stopę referencyjną (nadwyżkowa stopa zwrotu wolna od ryzyka).
Wyniki badań. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań persystencji stóp zwrotu dziesięciu Otwartych Funduszy Emerytalnych w Polsce w okresie trwania pandemii COVID-19. Wykazano brak trwałości wyników i stwierdzono ich odwracanie. Przemawia to na korzyść hipotezy o niewystępowaniu krótkookresowej powtarzalności w czasie dekoniunktury.
Powiązania przyczynowo-skutkowe zmian płac i wzrostu gospodarczego
Authors: Przekota Grzegorz
Published: March 2024

Cel artykułu. Wynagrodzenia za pracę oraz wzrost gospodarczy to dwie wielkości ekonomiczne będące pod szczególną uwagą ekonomistów. Powstało wiele teorii wiążących ze sobą te wielkości w zależności przyczynowo-skutkowej. Teorie te często różnią się określeniem, która z tych wielkości jest przyczyną, a która skutkiem. Badania przeprowadzone w niniejszej pracy dotyczą tego kontekstu. Jako cel artykułu przyjęto określenie kierunku i siły zależności przyczynowo-skutkowej w relacji wynagrodzeń i wzrostu gospodarczego. Weryfikacji podlega hipoteza, że powiązanie zmian w poziomie wynagrodzeń i tempie wzrostu gospodarczego jest istotne, a kierunek tej zależności jest wyznaczany przez opóźnienia czasowe.

Metoda badawcza. Badania oparto na danych rocznych dotyczących wskaźnika udziału wynagrodzeń w PKB oraz dynamiki PKB dla krajów OECD za lata 2003–2021. W opisie zastosowano analizę korelacji oraz modelowanie wielopoziomowe. Analizowano wartości średnioroczne dotyczące całej grupy krajów, powiązania korelacyjne szeregów czasowych każdego kraju indywidualnie oraz łącznie w modelu analizy wielopoziomowej. W celu wyeliminowania korelacji pozornych, analizę przeprowadzono na przyrostach wielkości.

Wyniki badań. Ustalono, że bieżące wzrosty wynagrodzeń działają hamująco na bieżący wzrost gospodarczy, natomiast bieżący wzrost gospodarczy działa stymulująco na przyszłe wzrosty wynagrodzeń. Takie wyniki mogą być podstawą tworzenia programów rządowych, nastawianych na stymulowanie gospodarki, zamiast regulacji płac.
Wahania sezonowe jako skutek zmian w strukturze inwestorów – studium przypadku dla Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie S.A.
Authors: Szczepańska-Przekota Anna
Published: March 2024

Cel artykułu. Sezonowość na rynkach kapitałowych opisywana jest w literaturze finansów jako swoistego rodzaju anomalia kalendarzowa, pokazująca irracjonalne zachowania inwestorów. Można zadać pytanie, czy zauważa się również inne przyczyny, niż irracjonalne zachowania inwestorów, zmian w występowaniu i sile anomalii kalendarzowych? W pracy postawiono hipotezę, że za pojawianie się anomalii sezonowych odpowiadają zmiany w strukturze inwestorów.

Metoda badawcza. Analiza wahań sezonowych notowań indeksu WIG za lata 1997–2022 została przeprowadzona za pomocą procedury CENSUS X12 wraz z testami stabilności wahań sezonowych oraz obecności ruchomej sezonowości. Ocena związku pomiędzy siłą wahań sezonowych, mierzonych różnicą pomiędzy miesięcznymi ekstremalnymi odchyleniami sezonowymi w danym roku a udziałem inwestorów indywidualnych w ogólnej liczbie transakcji dokonywanych na rynku akcji na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie została wykonana przy użyciu współczynnika korelacji liniowej Pearsona oraz testu przyczynowości Grangera.

Wyniki badań. Zauważono pojawiające się okresy pojawiania się i zanikania wahań sezonowych na rynku akcji w Polsce. Jako wyjaśnienie tego zjawiska wskazano zmiany w strukturze inwestorów. Okresy, w których zjawisko sezonowości było bardziej intensywne pokrywały się ze zwiększoną aktywnością inwestorów indywidualnych. Zatem to nie opis anomalii okazywał się przyczyną do jej zanikania, ale jej pojawianie się i zanikanie było związane ze strukturą inwestorów, którzy wykazywali pewne stałe zachowania.
Developing the entrepreneurial skills of Nigerian business education students for sustainability: Policy and practice imperatives
Authors: Alao Olusegun Ezekiel , Alao Priscilla Onyinye , Elijah Taiwo Michael
Published: March 2024

Despite the innumerable natural resources available in Nigeria for innovative job creation in green entrepreneurship, the rate of youth unemployment continues to escalate uncontrollably. This unpleasant situation stirred up the concern and commitment of the world leaders to embark on policy and practice of innovative and sustainable entrepreneurship education for proper empowerment of youth towards sustainability of the world economy. Business Education, as a vocational program, has not adequately aligned its curriculum policy and practice with the teaching and learning of green entrepreneurship in Nigeria. The study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial skills of Nigerian business education students for sustainability. The study focuses mainly on the ideal policy and innovative instructional practices, such as management and recycling of wastes, commercialization of green products, and engagement in agribusinesses, among others, that can be explored to adequately empower students of Business Education undergraduate programs for the realization of optimum social, economic and environmental sustainability in Nigeria.
Keywords: Business education; empowerment; green entrepreneurship; policy and practice; sustainability
Student-centered and Teacher-centred approaches to the application of TV Series in ESP Teaching
Authors: Tataurova Viktorija , Martinova Jekaterina
Published: March 2024

The use of movies and TV series in the foreign language classroom has proved to be successful for multiple reasons, such as the development of various English language skills, the increased motivation and engagement of the students, the awareness of cultural diversity, as well as the decreased anxiety and stress levels. However, previous research in the field has primarily concentrated on the use of teacher-centered methods and approaches. The present research employs two documentary TV series on teaching ESP to first-year tertiary-level students to investigate the students’ feelings associated with the use of multimedia via two different perspectives: student-centered and teacher-centered. While the former method does not restrict the students with any requirements and allows for their creativity, the latter is fully directed by the teacher-instructor. On the completion of two sets of activities, the students are asked to reflect on their experiences with both teaching approaches by completing the surveys on Google Forms. The results of the research have suggested that the groups of students were satisfied with both sets of activities giving a slight preference to the student-centred one, which despite being time-consuming, was described as ‘interesting, motivating, and engaging’.

Keywords: Movie-based learning; student-centered teaching; teacher-centered teaching
DELA BLAGOJA MARKOVIĆA U NASTAVI FILOZOFIJE U MEĐURATNOM PERIODU
Authors: RAJKOVIĆ MARICA
Published: March 2024

Cilj teksta je prikazivanje najvažnijih dela Blagoja Markovića, pre svega delâ Logika i Psihologija, koja su korišćena kao udžbenici iz filozofije u srednjim školama u Vojvodini tokom i nakon međuratnog perioda. Neposrednim uvidom u udžbenike rekonstruiše se konkretni plan i program nastave filozofije, kao i tematske celine koje je predmet filozofija obuhvatao. Prikazivanjem filozofski relevantnih delova udžbenika navode se konkretne teme, pojmovi i autori koji su tematizovani, čime se rasvetljava čitava struja u filozofiji Kraljevine SHS, odnosno Kraljevine Jugoslavije, budući da delo koje je propisano kao udžbenik svedoči ne samo o konkretnom nastavnom planu u školama, već i o mnogo široj naučno-filozofskoj atmosferi i tendencijama kada je filozofsko obrazovanje u pitanju.
DEKART I SPINOZA O „NAJISTINITIJOJ” OD SVIH IDEJA
Authors: POPOVIĆ UNA
Published: March 2024

Ovaj rad posvećen je razmatranju odnosa epistemički odlikovane ideje i osnova metafizike u filozofijama Dekarta i Spinoze. Namera nam je da pokažemo kako su ideja Cogito ergo sum kod Dekarta, odnosno ideja najsavršenijeg bića kod Spinoze, odredile i postavke njihovih metafizičkih projekata. U radu ćemo analizirati Dekartove i Spinozine razloge za isticanje upravo ovih ideja, kao i prigovore, odnosno odgovore koje bi oni mogli da upute jedan drugom. Rezultat analize pokazuje da oba mislioca nastoje da održe smisao tradicionalnog određenja istine kao adequatio rei et intellectus, odnosno da se Dekart pri tome više oslanja na formalni status Cogito ergo sum kao ideje, dok je Spinozi važniji objektivni status predmetnog sadržaja ideje najsavršenijeg bića.
REVOLUCIJA VOLJE ZA ŽIVOT U KAPITALIZMU
Authors: STANKOVIĆ PEJNOVIĆ VESNA
Published: March 2024

U radu se dokazuje da je Ničeova (Nietzsche) volja za život kao volja za moć, Marksov (Marx) slobodan rad kao izraz života, i Delezov (Deleuze) pojam želje kao volja za moć temelj za revoluciju volje za život u kapitalizmu. Niče se zalaže za obrazovnu i kulturološku revoluciju kao izlaz iz otuđenog sveta u kome se ljudi upotrebljavaju kao objekti. Marks pod revolucijom ne misli samo na političku ili ekonomsku, pa čak ne i svetonazorsku promenu, nego prvenstveno „radikalnu promenu u čoveku i društvu“ mišljenjem. Revolucija je usmerena na ukidanje svake eksploatacije, ali i puno ostvarenje, najviši oblik i bit prakse kao slobodne stvaralačke delatnosti. Marks se zalaže za jednu permanentnu revoluciju celine kao kružnog procesa apsolutne ideje, ostvaruje se proces samo-proizvođenja posredovanog kroz sve posebne načine proizvodnje predmeta, sveta u celini.

Delez u saradnji sa Gatarijem (Guattari) spaja mišljenja Ničea i Marksa i teži razviti politiku primerenu složenosti života, ukazujući da je kapitalizam represivan u svom nekontroliranom nametanju i nagomilavanju želja uz  opasnost od izjednačavanja čoveka i stroja. Oni se zalažu za eksperimentiranje-život, stvaranje „nove zemlje“ kao projekt koji se ne može svesti na političko rješenje  kao  proizvodnju stvarnog, stvaranje života, kroz aktivne, pozitivne linije bega jer one otvaraju želju. Želja, koja je prema Ničeu volja za moć, sama po sebi je revolucionarni proces. Proces želje je radost, a njezin proces se odvija kroz deteritorijalizaciju kao liniju bega kao delovanja jer nema ničeg aktivnijeg od bega kao „susreta između dva carstva.“
RASCEPLJENO JA FENOMENOLOŠKE EGOLOGIJE
Authors: JURIĆ ANDRIJA
Published: March 2024

Pojam Ja jedan je od centralnih pojmova Huserlove fenomenologije. Glavni problem Ja sastoji se u mogućnosti njegovog zahvatanja. Pristupi li se iz ugla (samo)refleksije, tada pri Ja-refleksiji imamo slučaj javljanja „dva” Ja – reflektujućeg, subjekta refleksije i reflektovanog, objekta refleksije. Pri oslobađanju od objekt-orijentacije toka doživljaja, „upijenosti” u objekte i tematizovanju Ja, suočeni smo sa paradoksom da refleksija „cepa” Ja. Teškoća postaje uspostavljanje (ponovnog) identiteta između reflektujućeg i reflektovanog Ja. Ono, distancirajući se od sebe u samoposmatranju, istovremeno i održava kontinuitet samoidentiteta sa svojim objektom. Time širi problemi transcendentalne fenomenologije, kao što su odnos transcendentalnog i konkretnog ega, te paradoks subjektivnosti, počivaju na dubljoj rascepljenosti između reflektujućeg Ja-Subjekta i reflektovanog Ja-Objekta, odnosno, na paradoksu refleksije. Problem Ja-cepanja biće sagledan u tri distinktna slučaja: aktima osadašnjivanja, refleksiji i s obzirom na nezainteresovanog posmatrača. Rad će zaključiti da uprkos akcentovanju refleksije pri zahvatanju Ja, Huserl pojmom Ja-cepanja nudi jedno potencijalno rešenje kritike modela refleksije, uspostavljenu sa Fihteom.
PROSVEĆENO STRANSTVOVANJE FILOZOFA: DOSITEJEVO RAĐANJE U NOVOM SVETU
Authors: PROLE DRAGAN
Published: March 2024

U prvom delu rada, autor zastupa tezu da prosvetiteljstvo ne napušta hrišćansku antropologiju, nego je koriguje tako što zastupa izvesnu verziju spasenja. Nekadašnji život večni na onom svetu zamenjen je potpunim životom na ovom svetu. Vodeću ulogu pri tom je imala ključna reč 18. veka, ideja o savršenstvu. Vodeća ideja članka glasi da je proces prosvetiteljstva principijelno beskonačan, a ne može se okončati zbog toga što nema jednoznačnog odgovora o njegovoj svrsi i o tome kako bi ga valjalo dovršiti. On je neiscrpan i nedovršiv usled svoje unutrašnje višeslojnosti unutar koje se uvek mogu ustanoviti različita viđenja, pa otuda i polarizacije. Zato se daju razaznati i međusobno suprotstavljene struje prosvetiteljstva. Paradoks prosvetiteljstva sastoji se u tome što opozicija nije negde s one strane prosvetiteljskog pokreta. U drugom delu rada autor izlaže ideju da bi se čitav Dositejev intelektualni i ljudski napor mogao svesti na izgradnju kulture i humanosti u kojoj neće biti mesta za šikaniranje, iživljavanje, proganjanje. Kulturom s one strane nasilja, mogao bi biti njegov vodeći slogan.
PROSVETITELJSKE I ANTIPROSVETITELJSKE PERSPEKTIVE: OD PROSVETITELJSTVA, PREKO KRITIKE, DO PRIČE
Authors: MIĆIĆ NEMANJA
Published: March 2024

Autorefleksivni momenat samog jezika, kojim se dolazi do priče kao konstitutivnog činioca svakog iskustva i stvarnosti, takođe je i momenat u kojem se otvara prilika za drugačiji odnos spram ustaljenih relacija moći, na svim društvenim poljima. Moglo bi se tvrditi da priče dekonstruišu negativni predznak moći kao volje za dominacijom. Prepoznajući mnoštvenost i kontingentnost priča, jezik je u stanju da pokaže novu vrstu prodora. Taj prodor se može tumačiti iz vizure napretka, ali u nešto drugačijoj i izmenjenoj formi, u odnosu na prosvetiteljski pledoaje.
UPOTREBA APOFATIČKE METODE U DELIMA ŽAKA DERIDE
Authors: TODOROVIĆ KRISTINA
Published: March 2024

Negativni diskurs koji Žak Derida koristi u opisima svojih koncepcija, sličan je onom koji se pojavljuje u okvirima apofatičke metode govora o Bogu. Zbog toga ćemo u ovom radu pokušati da odgovorimo na pitanje da li se tragovi ove teološke metode mogu pronaći u Deridinim delima. Kada govori o negativnoj teologiji, Derida se najčešće osvrće na dela Dionisija Areopagite, čije ćemo koncepcije apofatike razmatrati u ovom istraživanju. Pristupajući iz ugla Deridine kritike metafizike, pokušaćemo da osvetlimo kontekst iz kog verujemo da se javila potreba za uvođenjem elemenata apofatičke metode. Zbog toga ovo istraživanje ima za cilj da pruži uvid u to može li se, i na koji način, govoriti o sličnostima između Deridinih ideja i ove teološke metode. Takođe, ovaj rad predstavlja osnovu za neka buduća, podrobnija ispitivanja odnosa apofatike i dekonstrukcije.
Akibat Hukum Endorsement yang Dilakukan oleh Anak di Bawah Umur Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Moh Anis
Published: March 2024

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini telah mengubah strategi pemasaran dari metode tradisonal menjadi pemasaran online (endorsement). Endorsement yang berkembang belakangan ini telah banyak yang melibatkan anak di bawah umur yang dijadikan alat untuk mempromosikan produk tertentu. Tulisan ini bertjunan untuk mengetahui aspek hukum endorsement yang melibatkan anak dibawah umur sebagai modelnya yang dilibatkan oleh selebriti atau public figure. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu penggadilan data pada akun-akun Instagram para artis yang melibatkan anaknya dalam kegiatan endorsement dan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai bahan hukum primer. Adapun bahan hukum sekundernya adalah buku-buku dan jurnal hasil penelitian yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis regulasi. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aspek hukum endorsement yang melibatkan anak dibawah umur sebagai modelnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akibat hukum terhadap endorsment yang dilakukan oleh anak dibawah anak dibawah umur dalam perspektif hukum islam adalah tidak sah, namun apabila mengajukan permohonan kepada pengadilan atas persetujuan pengampunya untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum dengan adanya putusan hakim yang menyatakan perjanjian kontrak anak dibawah umur dengan syarat subjek hukum terpenuhi maka perjanjian tersebut sah demi hukum. (The development of information technology today has changed marketing strategies from traditional methods to online marketing (endorsement). Many endorsements that have developed recently have involved minors who are used as tools to promote certain products. This paper aims to find out the legal aspects of endorsements involving minors as models who are involved by celebrities or public figures. This research is a normative legal research with conceptual approach and statutory approach. The type of data used is secondary data, namely data mining on Instagram accounts of artists who involve their children in endorsement activities and legislation as primary legal material. The secondary legal materials are books and journals of research results that have relevance to this research. The data collected is then analysed using regulatory analysis techniques. The purpose of this research is to find out the legal aspects of endorsements involving minors as models. The results of this study indicate that the legal consequences of endorsements carried out by minors in the perspective of Islamic law are invalid, but if submitting an application to the court with the consent of the guardian to carry out legal acts with a judge's decision stating the contract agreement of minors with the condition that the contract is valid.)
Lembaga Penghimpun Zakat Secara Online: Kajian Yuridis dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Habibullah  , Asyhari
Published: March 2024

Lembaga penghimpunan zakat secara online merupakan fenomena baru dalam pelaksanaan ibadah zakat di era digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian yuridis dan hukum Islam terhadap lembaga penghimpunan zakat secara online. Metode deskriptif-analitik dengan pendekatan normatif diadopsi dalam penelitian ini. Informasi yang digunakan adalah informasi sekunder yang terdiri dari hukum dan peraturan, literatur, dan studi kepustakaan terkait dengan zakat online dan praktek penghimpunan zakat secara online. Menurut temuan penelitian, organisasi penghimpun zakat secara online memiliki dasar hukum dalam Islam yang mengatur tentang pelaksanaan ibadah zakat. Prinsip-prinsip yang terkait dengan zakat, seperti kewajiban, jumlah zakat yang harus dikeluarkan, dan penerima zakat, tetap berlaku dalam konteks penghimpunan zakat secara online. Namun, penelitian ini juga menemukan beberapa isu hukum yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penghimpunan zakat secara online. Isu-isu tersebut meliputi Bagaimana kajian yuridis dan hukum Islam lembaga penghimpun zakat secara Online, Bagaimana analisis terhadap faktor-faktor Muzakki tidak membayar ZIS Melalui BAZNAS. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada lembaga penghimpunan zakat secara online untuk mematuhi ketentuan hukum Islam dalam penghimpunan dan pengelolaan zakat. Selain itu, lembaga penghimpunan zakat secara online juga perlu menjaga keamanan data pribadi donatur, melaksanakan audit internal secara berkala, dan meningkatkan transparansi dalam penggunaan dana zakat. (Online zakat collection institutions are a new phenomenon in the implementation of zakat worship in the digital era. This research aims to conduct a juridical and Islamic law study of online zakat collection institutions. The descriptive-analytic method with a normative approach was adopted in this research. The information used is secondary information consisting of laws and regulations, literature, and literature studies related to online zakat and online zakat collection practices. According to research findings, online zakat collection organizations have a legal basis in Islam which regulates the implementation of zakat worship. Principles related to zakat, such as obligations, the amount of zakat to be issued, and recipients of zakat, still apply in the context of online zakat collection. However, this research also found several legal issues that need to be considered when collecting zakat online. These issues include how to study juridical and Islamic law online zakat collection institutions, how to analyze the factors of Muzakki not paying ZIS through BAZNAS. This study provides recommendations for online zakat collection institutions to comply with the provisions of Islamic law in the collection and management of zakat. In addition, online zakat collection institutions also need to maintain the security of donors' personal data, carry out regular internal audits, and increase transparency in the use of zakat funds)
Penerapan Model Hybrid Contract pada Akad Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah dalam Produk Pembiayaan
Authors: Muhtadi Ridan , Safik Moh , Suyudi Moh , Fudholi Moh
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan model hybrid contract pada akad Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah dalam produk pembiayaan di BMT. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada BMT Mawaddah. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pengurus dan anggota BMT serta analisis dokumen terkait akad Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model hybrid contract pada akad Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pembiayaan dan meminimalkan risiko bagi BMT. Hybrid contract ini menggabungkan prinsip-prinsip dari dua jenis kontrak, yaitu Bai' al-wafa' dan Ijarah, sehingga dapat memperluas ruang lingkup pembiayaan yang ditawarkan oleh BMT. Selain itu, hybrid contract ini juga dapat mengurangi risiko default dan kerugian bagi BMT, karena terdapat jaminan dari pihak pengguna barang atau jasa yang disewakan. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini juga menemukan beberapa kendala dalam penerapan hybrid contract pada akad Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah di BMT Mawaddah, seperti kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran anggota BMT tentang hybrid contract, serta kendala dalam pelaksanaan akad tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya peningkatan pemahaman dan sosialisasi tentang hybrid contract pada akad Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah kepada anggota BMT yang akan melakukan pembiayaan, serta perlu adanya bimbingan dalam pelaksanaan akad tersebut. (This research aims to analyze the application of the hybrid contract model on the Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah contract in financing products at BMT. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach on BMT Mawaddah. Data were obtained through interviews with BMT officials and members, as well as the analysis of documents related to the Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah contract. The results of the study indicate that the application of the hybrid contract model on the Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah contract can improve financing effectiveness and minimize risks for BMT. This hybrid contract combines principles from two types of contracts, Bai' Al-Wafa' and Ijarah, thus expanding the scope of financing offered by BMT. Additionally, the hybrid contract can also reduce default and loss risks for BMT since there are guarantees from the lessee of the goods or services leased. However, this research also found some challenges in the implementation of the hybrid contract on the Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah contract at BMT, such as a lack of understanding and awareness of the hybrid contract among BMT members, and difficulties in executing the contract. Therefore, this study recommends the need for increased understanding and socialization of the hybrid contract on the Bai’ Al-Wafa’ Ma’al Ijarah contract among BMT members, as well as the need for guidance and training in executing the contract.)
Scientific, Technological and Innovative Development and Cooperation of the Countries of Greater Eurasia
Authors: Gerasimov Vladimir , Kodaneva Svetlana
Published: March 2024

The article provides information about the 6th International research-to-practice conference “Greater Eurasia: National and Civilizational Aspects of Development and Cooperation”. We primarily focus on reports related to determining the place and role of science and education in modernization, innovative and technological development and cooperation between the EAEU countries and other states of Greater Eurasia, including the goals and objectives of modernizing the scientific complex of these countries, priorities of research, the role of the academic community in the formation of a strategic management system, global trends in scientific and technological development, new forms of interaction between science and education, mechanisms for stimulating the development of science and evaluating results of research activities. A significant part of the overview discusses reports on the issues of artificial intelligence. The reporters consider the prospects for using AI in mathematical research, fundamental physics, biology, crystallography and inorganic chemistry, natural language processing, medicine, education, etc. They also characterize the relationship between natural and artificial intelligence, as well as the state of legal regulation of AI at the international level and in the national legislation of the Russian Federation.
A Textbook for Researchers. Review of the Textbook “Information Resources and Tools in the Researcher’s Work” by V. N. Gureyev and N. A. Mazov
Authors: Eremenko Tatiana
Published: March 2024

The author reviews a textbook written by Vadim N.Gureyev and Nikolay A.Mazov (Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the SB RAS). The review notes the scale of content coverage, good organization of the material, high relevance and novelty of the information presented in the textbook. From the perspective of a researcher and university lecturer, the reviewer examines certain aspects of five chapters of the textbook, which provide characteristics of modern publishers of academic literature, databases of scientific publications and journals, identifiers for research works and authors, classification systems of scientific knowledge and bibliometric indicators. The review emphasizes the uniqueness of the publication as a kind of professional reference book for researchers, from young authors to established scholars. The methodological part of the textbook and its auxiliary apparatus are characterized positively. The presentation of the material shows a combination of logic and conciseness, which illustrates the principle of necessity and sufficiency when selecting content to achieve the stated purpose of the educational publication and provides readers with quick access to necessary information. The reviewer gives reasons of the wide readership of the publication, including its undoubted value for library workers and expresses a wish to present materials that deal with researcher’s information retrieval tools in the form of a separate structural part of the textbook. The work is assessed as a relevant authors’ contribution to the series of, so far, few educational publications in the field of research communications. The review is accompanied by a bibliographic list of the most significant works co-authored by V.N.Gureyev and N.A.Mazov.