bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deformation recorded in polyhalite from evaporite detachments revealed by 40Ar/39Ar dating
Authors: Richards Lachlan , Jourdan Fred , Collins Alan Stephen , King Rosalind Clare
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Salt Range Formation is an extensive evaporite formation in northern Pakistan that has acted as the primary detachment accommodating Himalayan orogenic deformation from the north. This rheologically weak formation forms a mylonite in the Khewra mines, where it accommodates approximate 40 km displacement and is comprised of intercalated halite and potash salts and gypsiferous marls. Polyhalite [K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4•2H2O] grains taken from potash marl and crystalline halite samples are used as geochronometers to date the formation and identify the closure temperature of the mineral polyhalite using the 40Ar/39Ar step heating method. The diffusion characteristics measured for two samples of polyhalite are diffusivity (D0), activation energy (Ea), and %39Ar. These values correspond to a closure temperature of ca. 281 and 296 °C for a cooling rate of 10 °C/Ma. 40Ar/39Ar age results for both samples did not return any reliable crystallization age. This is not unexpected as polyhalite is prone to 40Ar* diffusion loss and the evaporites have experienced numerous phases of deformation resetting the closed K/Ar system. An oldest minimum heating step age of 514 ± 3 Ma from sample 06-3.1 corresponds relatively well to the established early Cambrian age of the formation. Samples 05-P2 and 05-W2 have apparent step ages and represent a deformation event that partially reset the K/Ar system based on oldest significant ages between ca. 381 Ma and 415 Ma. We interpret the youngest apparent step ages, between ca. 286 Ma and 292 Ma, to represent the maximum age of deformation-induced recrystallisation. Both the youngest and oldest apparent step ages for Samples 05-P2 and 05-W2 occur within the time of a major unconformity in the area. These dates may reflect partial resetting of the K/Ar system from meteoric water infiltration and recrystallisation during this non-depositional time. Else, they may result from mixing of Ar derived by radiogenic decay after Cambrian precipitation with partially reset Ar from pervasive Cenozoic deformation and physical recrystallisation.
Analysis of the MODIS Above-Cloud Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm Using MCARS
Authors: Wind Galina , da Silva Arlindo M. , Meyer Kerry G. , Platnick Steven , Norris Peter M.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Multi-sensor Cloud and Aerosol Retrieval Simulator (MCARS) presently produces synthetic radiance data from Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model output as if the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was viewing a combination of atmospheric column inclusive of clouds, aerosols and a variety of gases and land/ocean surface at a specific location. In this paper we use MCARS to study the MODIS Above-Cloud AEROsol retrieval algorithm (MOD06ACAERO). MOD06ACAERO is presently a regional research algorithm able to retrieve aerosol optical thickness over clouds, in particular absorbing biomass burning aerosols overlying marine boundary layer clouds in the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. The algorithm's ability to provide aerosol information in cloudy conditions makes it a valuable source of information for modeling and climate studies in an area where current clear sky-only operational MODIS aerosol retrievals effectively have a data gap between the months of June and October. We use MCARS for a verification and closure study of the MOD06ACAERO algorithm. Our simulations indicate that the MOD06ACAERO algorithm performs well for marine boundary layer clouds in the SE Atlantic provided some specific screening rules are observed. For the present study, a combination of five simulated MODIS data granules was used for a dataset of 13.5 million samples with known input conditions. When pixel retrieval uncertainty was less than 30 %, optical thickness of the underlying cloud layer was greater than 4 and scattering angle range within the cloud bow was excluded, MOD06ACAERO retrievals agreed with the underlying ground truth (GEOS-5 cloud and aerosol profiles used to generate the synthetic radiances) with a slope of 0.913, offset of 0.06, and RMSE = 0.107. When only near-nadir pixels were considered (view zenith angle within +/−20 degrees) the agreement with source data further improved (0.977, 0.051 and 0.096 respectively). Algorithm closure was examined using a single case out of the five used for verification. For closure, the MOD06ACAERO code was modified to use GEOS-5 temperature and moisture profiles as ancillary. Agreement of MOD06ACAERO retrievals with source data for the closure study had a slope of 0.996 with offset −0.007 and RMSE of 0.097 at pixel uncertainty level of less than 40 %, illustrating the benefits of high-quality ancillary atmospheric data for such retrievals.
Incorporating experimentally derived streamflow contributions into model parameterization to improve discharge prediction
Authors: Hartmann Andreas , Payeur-Poirier Jean-Lionel , Hopp Luisa
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Environmental tracers have been used to separate streamflow components for many years. They allow to quantify the contribution of water originating from different sources such as direct runoff from precipitation, subsurface stormflow or groundwater to total streamflow at variable flow conditions. Although previous studies have explored the value of incorporating experimentally derived fractions of event and pre-event water into hydrological models, a thorough analysis of the value of incorporating hydrograph separation derived information on multiple streamflow components at varying flow conditions into model parameter estimation has not yet been performed. This study explores the value of such information to achieve more realistic simulations of catchment discharge. We use a modified version of the process-oriented HBV model that simulates catchment discharge through the interplay of hillslope, riparian zone discharge and groundwater discharge at a small forested catchment which is located in the mountainous north of South Korea subject to a monsoon season between June and August. Applying a Monte Carlo based parameter estimation scheme and the Kling Gupta efficiency (KGE) to compare discharge observations and simulations across two seasons (2013 & 2014), we show that the model is able to provide accurate simulations of catchment discharge (KGE ≥ 0.8) but fails to provide robust predictions and realistic estimates of the contribution of the different streamflow components. Using a simple framework to incorporate experimental information on the contributions of hillslope, riparian zone and groundwater to total discharge during four sub-periods, we show that the precision of simulated streamflow components can be increased while remaining with accurate discharge simulations. We further show that the additional information increases the identifiability of all model parameters and results in more robust predictions. Our study shows how tracer derived information on streamflow contributions can be used to improve the simulation and predictions of streamflow at the catchment scale without adding additional complexity to the model. The complementary use of temporally resolved observations of streamflow components and modelling provides a promising direction to improve discharge prediction by representing model internal dynamics more realistically.
OBJECT RE-IDENTIFICATION USING MULTIMODAL AERIAL IMAGERY AND CONDITIONAL ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Kniaz V. V. , Moshkantseva P.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Object Re-Identification (ReID) is the task of matching a given object in the new environment with its image captured in a different environment. The input for a ReID method includes two sets of images. The probe set includes one or more images of the object that must be identified in the new environment. The gallery set includes images that may contain the object from the probe image. The ReID task’s complexity arises from the differences in the object appearance in the probe and gallery sets. Such difference may originate from changes in illumination or viewpoint locations for multiple cameras that capture images in the probe and gallery sets. This paper focuses on developing a deep learning ThermalReID framework for cross-modality object ReID in thermal images. Our framework aims to provide continuous object detection and re-identification while monitoring a region from a UAV. Given an input probe image captured in the visible range, our ThermalReID framework detects objects in a thermal image and performs the ReID. We evaluate our ThermalReID framework and modern baselines using various metrics. We use the IoU and mAP metrics for the object detection task. We use the cumulative matching characteristic (CMC) curves and normalized area-under-curve (nAUC) for the ReID task. The evaluation demonstrated encouraging results and proved that our ThermalReID framework outperforms existing baselines in the ReID accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the fusion of the semantic data with the input thermal gallery image increases the object detection and localization scores. We developed the ThermalReID framework for cross-modality object re-identification. We evaluated our framework and two modern baselines on the task of object ReID for four object classes. Our framework successfully performs object ReID in the thermal gallery image from the color probe image. The evaluation using real and synthetic data demonstrated that our ThermalReID framework increases the ReID accuracy compared to modern ReID baselines.
On the effects of inter-farm interactions at the offshore wind farm Alpha Ventus
Authors: Pettas Vasilis , Kretschmer Matthias , Clifton Andrew , Cheng Po Wen
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The energy transition means that more and more wind farms are being built in favorable offshore sites like the North Sea. The wind farms affect each other as they interact with the boundary layer flow. This phenomenon is a topic of current research by the industry and academia as it can have significant technical and financial impacts. In this study we use data from the Alpha Ventus wind farm site to investigate the effects of inter-farm interactions. Alpha Ventus is the first offshore German wind farm located at the North Sea with a fully equipped measurement platform FINO1 in the near vicinity. We look at the effects on the wind conditions measured at FINO1 before and after the beginning of operation of the neighboring farms. We show how measured quantities like turbulence intensity, wind speed distributions, and wind shear are evolving from the period where the park was operating alone in the area to the period where farms were built and operate in close proximity (1.4–15 km). Moreover, we show how the wind turbine performance is affected using data from a turbine that is in the vicinity of the mast. The results show the wake effects in the directions influenced by the wind farms according to their distance with increased turbulence intensity, reduced wind speeds, and increased structural loading.
Design and analysis of a wake model for spatially heterogeneous flow
Authors: Farrell Alayna , King Jennifer , Draxl Caroline , Mudafort Rafael , Hamilton Nicholas , Bay Christopher J. , Fleming Paul , Simley Eric
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Methods of turbine wake modeling are being developed to more accurately account for spatially variant atmospheric conditions within wind farms. Most current wake modeling utilities are designed to apply a uniform flow field to the entire domain of a wind farm. When this method is used, the accuracy of power prediction and wind farm controls can be compromised depending on the flow-field characteristics of a particular area. In an effort to improve strategies of wind farm wake modeling and power prediction, FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) was developed to implement sophisticated methods of atmospheric characterization and power output calculation. In this paper, we describe an adapted FLORIS model that features spatial heterogeneity in flow-field characterization. This model approximates an observed flow field by interpolating from a set of atmospheric measurements that represent local weather conditions. The objective of this method is to capture heterogeneous atmospheric effects caused by site-specific terrain features, without explicitly modeling the geometry of the wind farm terrain. The implemented adaptations were validated by comparing the simulated power predictions generated from FLORIS to the actual recorded wind farm output from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) recordings and large eddy simulations (LESs). When comparing the performance of the proposed heterogeneous model to homogeneous FLORIS simulations, the results show a 14.6 % decrease for mean absolute error (MAE) in wind farm power output predictions for cases using wind farm SCADA data and a 18.9 % decrease in LES case studies. The results of these studies also indicate that the efficacy of the proposed modeling techniques may vary with differing site-specific operational conditions. This work quantifies the accuracy of wind plant power predictions under heterogeneous flow conditions and establishes best practices for atmospheric surveying for wake modeling.
THE USE OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OFFLINE TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO STUDENTS OF NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Kurbanov Anvar Kulmurodovich
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the importance of using informational recourses in teaching process of foreign language, and also analyzes the importance and effectiveness of using web technologies in learning a foreign language both in the classroom and in the independent work of students. The author analyzes various points of view on the feasibility of using information technologies in teaching a foreign language and expresses a holistic position on this issue, backing up with illustrative examples of a positive effect in the course of using modern technologies.
DETERMINATION OF THE INHOMOGENEITY PARAMETERS OF A SPHERE’S COVER ENSURING REQUIRED SOUND REFLECTION IN A WAVEGUIDE
Authors: Peshkov Nikita Yurievich , Skobeltsyn Sergey Alekseevich
Published: May 2021

The numerical-analytical method of identifying the inhomogeneity parameters of a material of a sphere’s elastic cover, which allow to ensure minimal (maximal) average pressure in the scattered field of a spherical sound wave, which is radiated by a monopole source, within the disk observation domain in a cylindrical waveguide, has been developed. The sphere is assumed to be either absolutely rigid (moveless) or filled with an homogeneous elastic material. Verification of the scheme for determining the cover’s extremal inhomogeneity characteristics has been carried out and influence of the solution algorithm’s launch parameters on their identification accuracy during the numerical experiment has been evaluated. The finite element method (FEM) and the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm are used in the problem solving.
GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF GRANITOIDS OF THE PRECEMBRIAN BASEMENT OF UKRAINIAN SHIELD (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MELNIKOVTSY PLOT)
Authors: Reshetnyk M. , Starokadomsky D.
Published: May 2021

In Ukraine, there are all possibilities for the development of geophysical methods for solving the problems of mapping the Precambrian foundation, as there is a well-exposed Ukrainian Shield (US). The article shows the possibilities of the magnetic scanning method for geological mapping, on the example of a section composed of granitoids with xenoliths of crystalline shales. The magnetic field and magnetic susceptibility on exposures are «scanned» in detail. Two positive anomalies of the magnetic field with a similar fine internal structure have been identified. The results of the study showed that granitoids have low magnetic properties that do not allow the formation of positive anomalies of the magnetic field. It is assumed that the source of «toothed» positive anomalies of the magnetic field in the studied section of the US can be two parts of one layered geological body — with a rhythmic internal structure composed of crystalline shales. It is possible that the body was awakened by local tectonic processes and torn into parts that are significantly displaced, and even lie almost parallel in the study area.
A atualidade do pensamento de Paulo Freire para reinventar as práticas de formação política no âmbito da educação popular
Authors: Pontual Pedro de Carvalho , Machado Maria Auxiliadora Delgado
Published: May 2021

ste artigo pretende discutir a educação popular no âmbito do Conselho de Educação Popular da América Latina e do Caribe (CEAAL), considerando um de seus pressupostos básicos a formação política. O intuito é mostrar como a presença de Paulo Freire, primeiro presidente do CEAAL, foi fundamental para a formação e a atuação desse grupo ao longo de sua história. Os argumentos fundamentam-se na identificação de categorias freirianas consolidadas na literatura e presentes nos dois mais recentes documentos do CEAAL em 2018 e 2019. Ambos os documentos são produto do coletivo de educadores populares de 21 países da América Latina. Fez-se uma análise léxica simplificada com o software Vayant Tools, a partir da contagem de palavras em cada texto e comparadas aos verbetes de um dicionário sobre a obra freiriana. As seis categorias identificadas contribuem para uma revisão crítica e desafios da formação política hoje na perspectiva da educação popular.
Microbiome Composition and Circadian Rhythm Disruption Alters Epithelial Barrier Integrity
Authors: Pinker Elisha , Tuganbaev Timur
Published: May 2021

The intestine is home to one of the most complex ecological communities, termed the human gut microbiome. The gut microbiome modulates a wide range of human diseases from diabetes to neurological disorders to cancer. Separating the host and the gut microbiome is the epithelial barrier. The intestinal epithelium serves as an adaptive interaction hub between the host and microbiome that plays an important role in deciding the outcome of host-microbiome interactions. Regulation of epithelial barrier permeability to ions, nutrients and microbiome metabolites is known to be a tightly controlled process on the host side. However, whether the microbiome community also affects epithelial permeability remains unclear. Here, we show that alterations in microbiota composition by treatment with antibiotics selectively targeting specific members of the microbiome community impacts the permeability of the intestine. Additionally, modulating the microbiome through other methods such as altering diet composition shows changes in permeability of the epithelial barrier. As daily feeding rhythm entrains diurnal fluctuations in microbiome, we have set out to measure epithelial barrier permeability throw out the clock. We have discovered that the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier exhibits circadian rhythms in mice. Disruption of these rhythms, through jet-lag or genetic deficiencies in circadian machinery, consequently alters epithelial barrier integrity. Together, these findings provide evidence that disruptions in circadian rhythms as well as alterations in microbiome composition have direct consequences in intestinal permeability, and that microbiome might serve as a tool in regulating epithelium permeability.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE LENDING FRAMEWORK FOR AIC OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Султанова З.Х. , Абдулова Т.Г. , Мукина Г.С. , Sultanova Z. , Abdulova T. , Mukina G.
Published: May 2021

Агропромышленный комплекс (АПК) занимает особое место в экономике любого государства. Уровень развития АПК во многом определяет уровень экономической и продовольственной безопасности страны. Вопросы устойчивого развития АПК приобрели еще большую актуальность в условиях текущей пандемии: правительства обязаны создать систему мер по обеспечению продовольственной безопасности.
В статье на основе официальной статистической информации и отчетных данных финансовых институтов осуществлен анализ состояния кредитования АПК Республики Казахстан. Этот анализ позволил выделить четыре основных группы проблем в данной сфере: финансовые; процедурные; инфраструктурные; проблемы, обусловленные состоянием заемщика.
Методика проведенного исследования включает анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, изучение зарубежного опыта кредитования сельского хозяйства, анализ системы кредитования АПК, применяемой в практической деятельности финансовых институтов.
Изучив отечественную практику и мировой опыт кредитования АПК, авторами даны обоснованные рекомендации и направления, в которых должны осуществляться оптимизационные меры. Применительно к каждой из выделенных групп проблем предлагаются конкретные пути их решения. Предложения авторов отличаются от широко предлагаемых учеными общих мер, являются конкретными и содержат описание механизма реализации предложения.

Agro-industrial complex (AIC) occupies a special place in the economy of any state. The level of development of AIC determines country’s economic and food safety. Sustainable development issues in AIC have become even more relevant in conditions of current pandemic when governments are required to establish a system of measures to ensure the food safety.
In the article analysis of the state of lending of the AIC in Republic of Kazakhstan has been implemented on the basis of official statistical data and financial institutions' reports. This analysis has allowed for identify four main groups of problems in this area such as financial, procedural, infrastructural and borrowed-related problems.
The methodology of the conducted research consists of the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, the study of foreign experience in agricultural lending and the analysis of the AIC lending system applied in the practical activities of financial institutions.
On the basis of study of domestic practices and world experience of AIC lending sound recommendations and directions for the implementation of the optimization measures were given by authors. Specific solutions are proposed for each of the identified groups of problems. Proposals given by authors differ from the general measures widely proposed by scientists, are specific and describe the mechanism for implementing the proposal.
Финансовая устойчивость банковского сектора Казахстана
Authors: Kerimkulova D. , Alina G. , Zholamanova M. , Керимкулова Д.Д. , Алина Г.Б. , Жоламанова М.Т.
Published: May 2021

Today, the banks’ financial stability remains one of the most important problems in both scientific and practical aspects.
Various factors play a role in achieving financial stability. The most important of which are the adequacy and quality of equity capital, which also serves as an indicator of financial stability. Based on this, this article examines the relationship of the Bank's equity capital with indicators of financial stability.
Based on the study of previously published literature, the authors show the degree of scientific and theoretical development of the problem by both domestic and foreign scientists. Based on the materials of the Kazakhstan’ second-tier banks, was conducted a statistical analysis of the domestic second-tier banks equity capital for 2014-2019. A detailed analysis of the structure, quality and capital adequacy ratios of the banking sector of Kazakhstan for a five-year period was carried out. The article also examines the impact and role of the regulator-the National Bank on the financial stability of the country's banking sector.

На сегодняшний день финансовая устойчивость банков остается одной из важных проблем как в научно-теоретическом так и практическом аспекте.
В достижении финансовой устойчивости играют роль различные факторы. Важными из которых являются достаточность и качество ссудного портфеля, что также служит индикатором финансовой устойчивости. Исходя из этого в данной статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь собственного капитала банка с показателями финансовой устойчивости.
На основании изучения ранее изданной литературы авторы показывают степень научно-теоретической разработанности проблемы как отечественными, так и зарубежными учеными. На материалах банков второго уровня Республики Казахстан проведен статистический анализ собственного капитала отечественных банков второго уровня за 2014-2019 годы. Проведены детальный анализ структуры, качества и рассчитаны коэффициенты достаточности собственного капитала банковского сектора Казахстана за пятилетний период. В статье также рассматривается влияние и роль регулятора – Национального Банка на финансовую стабильность банковского сектора страны.
На основе анализа литературы и практической ситуации обосновываются задачи и перспективы деятельности банков по стабилизации финансового состояния и повышению качества собственного капитала. Авторы также проводят аналитический обзор текущей ситуации в банковском секторе в целом, деятельности Национального банка по повышению финансовой устойчивости банковского сектора и результатов оценки качества активов.
FORMATION OF THE IMAGE AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF DOMESTIC AND INBOUND TOURISM IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Нурпеисова М.М. , Nurpeisova М.
Published: May 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные вопросы привлекательности внутреннего и въездного туризма в Республике Казахстан, где основным туристическим продуктом Казахстана являются разнообразные природные ресурсы, историческое и культурное наследие. Использованы данные Комитета Республики Казахстан по статистике для проведения статистического метода исследования современного состояния внутреннего и въездного туризма в Республике Казахстан. Анализ статистических и эмпирических данных, приведенных в работе свидетельствует о возрастающем интересе к туристическим продуктам Казахстана и позитивных тенденциях развития туризма.
Главной целью развития туризма в Казахстане является формирование экологически и социально ориентированной, высокорентабельной и конкурентоспособной туристской индустрии, способной обеспечивать потребности туристов в разнообразных туристических услугах, приносящие доходы стране и новые рабочие места, в том числе и в смежных с туризмом отраслях экономики. Роль внутреннего и въездного туризма в экономике Казахстана определяется степенью достижения этой цели.
Особое внимание в работе уделено важности развития внутреннего и въездного туризма в республике для формирования имиджа и привлекательности для иностранных туристов. Проведенное исследование в области совершенствования деятельности внутреннего и въездного туризма позволило обосновать выводы и предложить некоторые рекомендации адаптированного характера.

The article discusses the main issues of the attractiveness of domestic and inbound tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan, where the main tourist product of Kazakhstan is a variety of natural resources, historical and cultural heritage. The data of the Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics were used to conduct a statistical method for studying the current state of domestic and inbound tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of statistical and empirical data presented in the work indicates a growing interest in the tourism products of Kazakhstan and positive trends in tourism development.
The main goal of tourism development in Kazakhstan is the formation of an environmentally and socially oriented, highly profitable and competitive tourism industry capable of meeting the needs of tourists in a variety of tourist services that bring income to the country and new jobs, including in industries related to tourism. The role of domestic and inbound tourism in the economy of Kazakhstan is determined by the degree to which this goal is achieved.
Particular attention is paid to the importance of the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the republic for the formation of the image and attractiveness for foreign tourists. The conducted research in the field of improving the activities of domestic and inbound tourism made it possible to substantiate the conclusions and propose some recommendations of an adapted nature.
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIGHT INDUSTRY MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Мухан Б.С. , Есиркепова А.М. , Тулеметова А.С. , Mukhan B. , Yessirkepova A. , Tulemetova A.
Published: May 2021

Мақалада тежеуші факторларды ескере отырып, жеңіл өнеркәсіптің отандық нарығын дамытудың басым бағыттары қарастырылған. Елдің экономикалық және стратегиялық қауіпсіздігі негізінде жеңіл өнеркәсіптің дамуын зерттеген ғалымдардың еңбектеріне басты назар аударылған.Статистикалық деректерді талдау барысында жеңіл өнеркәсіп құрылымындағы ең үлкен үлес салмақты тоқыма саласының өнімдері алып отырғаны, ал киім өндірісі соңғы жылдары өз орнын жоғалтқаны анықталды. Жеңіл өнеркәсіп кәсіпорындары Қазақстан Республикасының барлық өңірлерінде орналасқан, өйткені олар көптеген сабақтас салалармен байланысты және бүкіл халық шаруашылығы кешеніне қызмет көрсетеді.Авторлардың пікірінше, жеңіл өнеркәсіп нарығында саланы дамытудың негізгі жүйелі мәселелері бар: жеңіл өнеркәсіптің технологиялық артта қалуы; ішкі нарықтағы отандық тауарлардың бәсекеге қабілеттілігінің төмендігі; электрондық сауда нарығының дамымауы; импорттық шикізатқа тәуелділік; саланың инновациялық қызметінің төмен деңгейі; тауарлар сапасының сатып алушылардың қажеттіліктеріне сәйкес келмеуі.Мақала авторлары Қазақстан Республикасының жеңіл өнеркәсіп нарығын одан әрі дамыту бойынша нақты ұсыныстар берген: жаңа технологиялар мен инновацияларға ақша салу; тауарларды жылжыту және тұтынушылардың қалауын анықтау үшін әлеуметтік желілерді пайдалану; тауарларды өткізу үшін электрондық бизнес модельдерін қолдану.

The article considers the priority directions of development of the domestic light industry market, taking into account the constraints. The main attention is paid to the works of scientists who consider the development of light industry in the context of economic and strategic security of the country.
The analysis of statistical data revealed that the largest share in the structure of light industry is occupied by textile products and clothing production has lost its position in recent years. Light industry enterprises are located in all regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as they are connected with many related industries and serve the entire national economic complex.
According to the authors, the light industry market has the main systemic problems in the development of the industry: technological backwardness of light industry; weak competitiveness of domestic goods in the domestic market; underdevelopment of the e-Commerce market; dependence on imported raw materials; low level of innovation in the industry; discrepancy in the quality of goods to the needs of customers.
The authors of the article give specific recommendations for the further development of the light industry market of the Republic of Kazakhstan: to invest money in new technologies and innovations; to use social networks to promote products and find out consumer preferences of buyers; to apply e-business models for the sale of goods.
我国B2C电商用户下沉实证研究
Authors: 叶 健麟 , 游 燕 , 方 建生
Published: May 2021

我国B2C电子商务发展出现比较明显的用户下沉的现象，四线五线小城青年和中老年用户成为电商增量的主要组成部分。本研究拟通过实证分析，研究电商用户下沉发展过程，勾勒电商用户下沉路径，并判断电商用户结构发展趋势，为B2C行业业务开展提供依据。
日本房地产泡沫化对我国房地产未来趋势的省思
Authors: 郭 又源 , 杨 国梁
Published: May 2021

从美国与日本签订广场协议后，美元贬值以及贸易出口业亏损，让日本为规避风险而实行了量化宽松的货币政策，进而导致日本出现过剩流通资金，引发大规模房地产经济投资过热的虚假现象；随后，日本银行以用力过度的方式制止泡沫扩大，控制住房地产经济过热，却导致日本经济出现长达10年的经济衰退。改革开放后中国的房地产经济持续走热，上海、北京等地区房价甚至超过部分发达国家；而中国房地产经济泡沫存在长期的时间和地点跨度的争议，目前普遍认为这个现象在我国的一、二、三线城市的商业地产中表现明显。本文运用功效系数计算日本和中国房地产泡沫经济的预期指标，再通过计算K值整理出两国的泡沫状态进而作出对比分析，并列举可能导致日本和中国出现房地产泡沫经济的原因，以及房地产泡沫经济产生的影响，并提出合理政策建议。
有效汇率与国际收支平衡的验证
Authors: 杨 国梁 , 张 悦 , 江 雅轩
Published: May 2021

在全球经济一体化的影响下，各国之间的国际收支不平衡反映了各国生产要素的配置和结构。为减少经常帐户逆差，各国一般采用贬值措施，以增加出口竞争力，维持国际收支平衡；但由于近年来观察各国的贸易关系，发现这个观点不能得到有力的支持。本文对1998~2018年人民币、日元、欧元、美元的实际有效汇率指数，与中国、日本、德国、美国的经常帐和国际收支帐占GDP比率的关系，并结合时间趋势变量进行计量检验，考察是否存在“BergstenMussa预期”引为依据的因果关系。计量检验发现，各国汇率变量的作用都高于时间趋势变量的作用，而中国较能符合“BergstenMussa预期”。本文结论表明既然难以指望美国经常帐户逆差由于美元贬值而相应减少，那么人民币对美元升值也难以发挥帮助美国改善其国际收支平衡的作用。
Trump v. Twitter
Authors: Saxer Urs
Published: May 2021

US-Präsident Trump erliess als Reaktion auf die Eingriffe der Plattform Twitter in seine Tweets am 28. Mai 2020 eine präsidiale Verfügung mit dem programmatischen Namen «Executive Order on Preventing Online Censorship». Social Media-Plattformen sollen für die veröffentlichen Inhalte verantwortlich gemacht werden können, sobald sie z.B. Falschmeldungen als solche markieren oder den Zugang sperren. Der Autor durchleuchtet die Verfügung, die den in den USA bisher gültigen Grundsatz der Freiheit des Internets in Frage stellt, und setzt sich mit den möglichen Folgen für globale Netzwerke auseinander. Für ihn stellt die Verordnung ein Druckversuch des mächtigsten Mannes der USA auf eine der zentralen Verbreitungsinfrastrukturen für die öffentliche Kommunikation dar.
Stolperstein Aktivlegitimation bei UWG-Klagen gegen Medienunternehmen
Authors: Born Christoph
Published: May 2021

Die Erwägungen im Urteil des Handelsgerichts des Kantons Bern vom 22. April 2020 (HG 18 100) machen deutlich, dass die Aktivlegitimation bei UWG-Klagen gegen Medienunternehmen unter zwei Aspekten zum Stolperstein werden kann: Es muss substanziiert dargetan werden, inwiefern die klagende Partei in den eingeklagten Publikationen für den Durchschnittsadressaten erkennbar ist und inwiefern sie dadurch in ihrem eigenen wirtschaftlichen Wettbewerb betroffen ist. Das Handelsgericht hat beide Aspekte geprüft, obwohl sich die Prüfung der Betroffenheit im Wettbewerb erübrigt hätte, da gemäss Feststellung des Handelsgerichts die Klägerin in den eingeklagten Beiträgen nicht erkennbar war.
Von Waagen, Bauplänen, Netzsperren, hauchdünnen Farbschichten und Tonschnipseln
Authors: Künzi Sandra
Published: May 2021

Im Berichtsjahr befassten sich schweizerische Gerichte mit Streitigkeiten um den Werkcharakter von Konstruktionsplänen einer Waage, von Bauplänen und eines Faltprospektes, dann mit der Abgrenzung von erlaubtem Eigengebrauch und urheberrechtlichen Ansprüchen der Schöpfer beim Streamen und Downloaden von Filmen sowie mit dem Urheberrechtsschutz von Bauwerken, wenn diese erweitert werden sollen – konkret ging es um den vom berühmten Architekten Santiago Calatrava gestalteten Bahnhof Stadelhofen. Zudem beantwortete der Gerichtshof der EU (EuGH) spannende Vorfragen zum Zitatrecht im Zusammenhang mit einem Streit um einen zwei Sekunden langen Tonschnipsel in einem Musikstück.
Der Grundsatz der Justizöffentlichkeit im Zivilprozess
Authors: Fabienne Bretscher Martina Patricia Steiner und
Published: May 2021

Das Bundesgericht hält in einem kürzlich ergangenen Grundsatzentscheid fest, dass das Zivilgericht die Presse von Vergleichsverhandlungen ausschliessen darf. Begründet wird dies damit, dass Vergleichsgespräche nicht auf die gerichtliche Streitentscheidung ausgerichtet sind. Die Autorinnen nehmen den Entscheid zum Anlass, die Tragweite des Grundsatzes der Justizöffentlichkeit im Zivilverfahren allgemein und spezifisch in den verschiedenen Verfahrensstadien genauer zu untersuchen und zu bestimmen.
â€œEtiopathological Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes and as per Ayurvedic conceptsâ€
Authors: TIWARI DR SHASHI KANT , Kar A. c. , Tripathi Kamlakar
Published: May 2021

About santarpanjanya Vikaras1 like Sthaulya/Medoroga, Prameha, Hridroga Ayurveda presumes that faulty dietary habits and lifestyle errors in accordance with genetic make of an individual alters functions of different sets of Agni (especially Medodhatvagni), which may leads to defective tissue metabolism at one side and formation of Ama (reactive antigenic factor) like substances at other sites. Medhodhatvagni Mandata & Medodhatvagniansa vridhi2 increases the fatty contents in the body and Dhatus and Ama precipitate and initiates process of inflammation that laid down the backbone of basic matrix metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome and Prediabetes. In the present study is design to find out exact nidan and samprapti ghatak of the two clinical conditions.
A Ayurvedic management of Thrombo Angiitis Oblitrerans (T. A. O.) (Buergerâ€™s disease) â€“ A case study
Authors: Biswas Devashis , Kadapi Kavya Ramrao , Gopikrisna B. J. , Pathak Avnish
Published: May 2021

T.A.O (Thrombo Angiitis Oblitrerans) also called as buergerâ€™s disease or smokerâ€™s disease.it is due to in response to the inflammation of all three layer of the artery. It is non -atherosclerotic inflammatory disorder involving medium sized and distal arteries.Mainly occurs in young males between ages of 20-40 years  and is common in lower limbs .  The common cause of the disease is smoking or tobacco chewing. Tobacco secretes nicotine which is responsible for vasospas,. In early stage it is unilateral but later involves both the limbs. Causes include hypersensitivity to cigarette, recurrent minor feet injuries, poor hygiene and altered autonomic functions. Sign and symptoms include intermittent claudication, discoloration of the involved limb, decreased local temperature, rest pain, ulceration and, bridded nail,loss of subcutaneous fat ,gangrene,  absence/feeble distal pulses and recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis1.  Modern management of this disease includes conservative with use of vasodilators, pentoxyfylline,dose aspirin,or platelate aggregation inhibitor drug. Surgical management includes chemical sympathectomy lumbar sympathectomy,, and if gangrenous stage is there then amputation is the choice.These means of treatment are costly, not satisfying and associated with  complications.  In  Ayurveda, the disease is not mentioned as it is but the features can be correlated with gambheera vatarakta.2Hence, because of rakta dusti manjisthadi Kshara basti3 was planned as ekal chikitsa.with the hypothesis that it helps  to improve the collateral formation and increased the micro circulation. All these means gave satisfactory results and the patient was able to do his daily activites without any trouble.
Pelatihan Eco-Print Kain Kapas/Cotton Pada Siswa SMK Tekstil Pedan
Authors: Subiyati Subiyati , Rosyida Ainur , Wartiono Totok
Published: May 2021

Ecoprint dapat didefinisikan sebagai Teknik pewarnaan kain yang cukup sederhana namun dapat menciptakan visual yang sangat menarik, unik dan eksklusif. Prinsip pembuatannya yakni melalui kontak langsung antara daun, bunga atau batang yang mengandung pigmen warna dengan bahan tekstil yang terbuat dari serat alam. Urutan proses pengerjaan meliputi persiapan bahan yang artinya kain siap diwarna. Pengerjaan ecoprint dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pounding dengan langkah langkah sebagai berikut : 1. Membentangkan kain kapas putih di atas koran agar tidak kotor. 2. Meletakkan bunga atau daun sebagai bahan pewarna. 3. Pukul pukul bunga atau daun yang sudah ditata menggunakan palu. 3. Bunga atau daun yang sudah mengeluarkan pigmen dibiarkan sampai kering. 4. Bunga atau daun dilepas dan difiksasi menggunakan  tawas.
Pelatihan Dasar Gambar Teknik Dengan Perangkat Lunak CAD Dalam Proses Perancangan
Authors: Cahyono Sukmaji Indro , Triyono
Published: May 2021

Usaha bengkel las di Wilayah Jaten Karanganyar sebagian besar mengerjakan kontruksi kecil hingga sedang dan belum mampu mendapatkan proyek besar. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi adalah desain yang diinginkan konsumen hanya dibuat sket gambar manual seadanya tanpa mengukuti kaidah gambar teknik standar ISO dan tanpa melalui proses perancangan, sehingga estimasi biaya dan kebutuhan bahan hanya perkiraan saja dengan kata lain tidak standar. Selain itu dalam proses pembuatan produk, terjadi banyak kesalahan pengukuran sehingga pemotongan dan penggunaan bahan tidak effesien. Tujuan menjadi fokus utama PKM ini adalah pengenalan proses perancangan, pelatihan dan pendampingan penggunaan perangkat lunak CAD dalam mendesain dan merancang produk yang dikerjakan dengan proses pengelasan. Mitra utama program pengabdian ini adalah juru las dan warga sekitar terutama warga lulusan sekolah vokasi/SMK untuk berkolaborasi dengan mengangkat studi kasus merancang dan mendesain pembuatan Gazebo masjid Fatimah Ar-Royyan Jaten karanganyar. Metode yang dipilih pada proses pengabdian demi tercapainya tujuan pengabdian adalah kolaborasi interaktif, yang dibantu dengan media animasi manufaktur dan detail gambar Teknik standar ISO.  Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah tumbuhnya minat warga yang ingin mempelajari dan menguasai pengoperasian perangkat lunak desain CAD. Evaluasi secara keseluruhan terjadi peningkatan interaksi antara mitra pembuat (juru las dengan Mitra konsumen) dengan adanya peresentasi visual gambar 3D maupun gambar teknik, dan terjadi efesiensi penggunaan bahan dan proses yang lebih baik sehingga keuntungan proses jasa manufaktur proses las meningkat.
The use of glucose-fructose syrups in ice cream without sucrose with the low contents of fat
Authors: Ландиховская Анна Валентиновна , Творогова Антонина Анатольевна , Казакова Наталия Владимировна
Published: May 2021

Целью проводимых исследований являлась разработка композиционного состава мороженого без сахарозы с низким содержанием жира, с низким гликемическим индексом за счет изменения углеводной части продукта, с сохранением показателей качества традиционного мороженого. Для достижения цели разработан композиционный состав мороженого с заменой сахарозы по сладости на глюкозно-фруктозный сироп (ГФС) и восполнением недостающих сухих веществ концентратами сывороточных белков или пищевыми волокнами. Это позволило снизить количество добавленного сахара на 10 %, калорийность мороженого с сывороточными белками на 12 % и с инулином на 15 %, гликемический индекс в 1,5 и 1,8 раза соответственно. Выполнено исследование показателей качества экспериментальных партий мороженого, в том числе с использованием современных реологических и микроструктурных методов. Установлено, что при замене сахарозы на ГФС криоскопическая температура смеси снижается на 0,83 °С. Доля кристаллов льда размером от 0 до 35 мкм в контрольном образце составляет 82 %, в образцах с ГФС 83 и 86 %, что свидетельствует о высокой дисперсности этих структурных элементов. В результате исследований разработан и экспериментально обоснован композиционный состав мороженого функциональной направленности с низким содержанием жира, без сахарозы, обогащенного белком или пищевым волокном, с низким гликемическим индексом.

Developing a compositional content of low-fat ice cream without sucrose with the low glycemic index by changing the carbohydrate part of the product preserving quality indices of traditional ice cream was the aim of the study. The compositional content of ice cream with replacement of sucrose at sweetness with glucose-fructose syrup (GFS) had been developed to achieve this purpose. The replenishment of the missing dry substances was carried out by using a concentrate of whey proteins or food fibers. It allowed reducing the amount of added sugar by 10 %, the calorie content of ice cream with whey proteins by 12 % and with inulin by 15 %, as glycemic index decreased by 1.5 and 1.8 times respectively. The research of quality indices of the experimental lots of ice cream was carried out also with the help of modern rheological and microstructural methods. It was determined that by replacement of sucrose with GFS, the cryoscopic temperature of the mixture decreased by 0.83 °С. The proportion of ice crystals in size of 0 to 35 μm in the control sample was 82 %, in the samples with GFS 83 %, which shows a high dispersion of these structural elements. The compositional content of functional low-fat and sucrose-free ice cream enriched with protein or food fiber, with low glycemic index has been developed and experimentally substantiated as the result of study.
Formulation and invitro evaluation of delayed release multiple unit pellets of Lansoprazole in capsules
Authors: Kolli Suresh , Vijayasri K. , Murthy P.N.
Published: May 2021

The present research was aimed to formulate and evaluate Lansoprazole delayed release multiple unit pellets in capsules. Lansoprazole degrades in the acidic environment of the stomach. It is also unstable under conditions of high temperature and high humidity which leads to therapeutic inefficiency. Hence it is important to bypass the acidic pH of the stomach. Protection of drug from acidic environment is done by coating the drug with enteric polymer. In the present study, successive layers of drug layer, barrier layer and enteric layer was coated on the inert sugar spheres by using solution/suspension layering technique in Fluidized bed processor (FBP). The prepared drug layered and barrier layered pellets were evaluated for % yield. The prepared lubricated pellets were evaluated for flow properties i.e., bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and hausner’s ratio. Lubricated pellets filled into size ‘1’ capsules and evaluated for drug content, drug content resisted in acid, invitro drug release studies and compared with the marketed product. The dissimilarity and similarity factors for the optimized and marketed formulations were found to be 84.29. Accelerated Stability Testing (AST) was performed as per the ICH guidelines at 40±5°C/75±5% RH for 6 months and found satisfactory.
Identification of Secondary Metabolites from the Ethanol extract of the leaves of Bauhinia tomentosa by GC-MS Analysis
Authors: Balabhaskar R. , Vijayalakshmi K.
Published: May 2021

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is normally used for direct analysis of chemical components existing in herbal medicines. The medicinal plants are having numerous bioactive components which are identified even at less than 1ng by using GC-MS or LC-MS analysis. The aim of this study is to identify the secondary metabolites present in the leaves of B. tomentosa using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In the present study the ethanol extract of the leaves of Bauhinia tomentosa has been subjected to GC-MS analysis, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 14 secondary metabolites. These compounds were identified by comparing their retention times and peak areas with those from the literature and by interpretation of the mass spectra. The major secondary metabolites were DL-.alpha.-tocopherol (14.84%), 2-[(trimethylsilyl oxy]-, methyl ester, 1-alpha,2-alpha.-epoxy-1-beta-methylcholesta-4,6-dien-3-one (12.93%), pentacosenoic acid (12.71%), phytol (10.28%), Ethyl Isoallocholate (8.197%), Spirost-8-en-11-one-3-hydroxy-,(3-beta,5 alpha,14 beta,20 beta, 22 beta,25R)-(8.162%), Urs-12-en-28-ol (6.675%), 1-Octadecyne (5.702%) and Cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol,Acetate (5.426%). The compounds having area less that 5% were considered of no significance. These findings suggest that the presence of these secondary metabolites may be the cause for the properties exhibited by Bauhinia tomentosa. Thus, presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the leaf for various ailments by traditional practitioners.