bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE LEMMA DILEMMA
Authors: Webb Stuart
Published: December 2021

Recently there has been some debate about the appropriacy of different lexical units in pedagogy and research (e.g., Brown et al., 2020; Dang & Webb, 2016a; Kremmel, 2016; Laufer & Cobb, 2020; McLean, 2018; Nation, 2016; Nation & Webb, 2011; Vilkaitė-Lozdienė & Schmitt, 2020). The lexical unit (word types, lemmas, flemmas, word families) needs to be considered when developing wordlists, vocabulary tests, and vocabulary learning programs. It is also central to the lexical profiles of text and corpora, which indicate the vocabulary learning targets associated with understanding different types of discourse. Perhaps most importantly, the lexical unit of words found in vocabulary learning resources such as word lists and tests may affect their pedagogical value. The aim of this article is to highlight aspects of research and pedagogy that are affected by lexical units and describe issues that should be considered when operationalizing words in studies of vocabulary and learning resources.
Ex-Ante Prioritarianism Violates Sequential Ex-Ante Pareto
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E.
Published: December 2021

Prioritarianism is a variant of utilitarianism. It differs from utilitarianism in that benefiting individuals matters more the worse off these individuals are. On this view, there are two standard ways of handling risky prospects: Ex-Post Prioritarianism adjusts for prioritizing the worse off in final outcomes and then values prospects by the expectation of the sum total of those adjusted values, whereas Ex-Ante Prioritarianism adjusts for prioritizing the worse off on each individual's expectation and then values prospects by the sum total of those adjusted expectations. A standard objection to Ex-Post Prioritarianism is that it violates Ex-Ante Pareto, that is, it prescribes choices that worsen the expectations for everyone. In this article, I argue that Ex-Ante Prioritarianism suffers from much the same problem: it violates a sequential version of Ex-Ante Pareto, that is, it prescribes sequences of choices that worsen the expectations for everyone.
Did you see that? False memories for emotional words in bilingual children
Authors: Cangelosi Martina , Bossi Francesco , Palladino Paola
Published: December 2021

When participants process a list of semantically strongly related words, the ones that were not presented may later be said, falsely, to have been on the list. This ‘false memory effect’ has been investigated by means of the DRM paradigm. We applied an emotional version of it to assess the false memory effect for emotional words in bilingual children with a minority language as L1 (their mother tongue) and a monolingual control group. We found that the higher emotionality of the words enhances memory distortion for both the bilingual and the monolingual children, in spite of the disadvantage related to vocabulary skills and of the socioeconomic status that acts on semantic processing independently from the condition of bilingualism. We conclude that bilingual children develop their semantic knowledge separately from their vocabulary skills and parallel to their monolingual peers, with a comparable role played by Arousal and Valence.
Hyperparameters optimization of neural network using improved particle swarm optimization for modeling of electromagnetic inverse problems
Authors: Sarkar Debanjali , Khan Taimoor , Ahmed Talukdar Fazal
Published: December 2021

Optimization of hyperparameters of artificial neural network (ANN) usually involves a trial and error approach which is not only computationally expensive but also fails to predict a near-optimal solution most of the time. To design a better optimized ANN model, evolutionary algorithms are widely utilized to determine hyperparameters. This work proposes hyperparameters optimization of the ANN model using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. The different ANN hyperparameters considered are a number of hidden layers, neurons in each hidden layer, activation function, and training function. The proposed technique is validated using inverse modeling of two meander line electromagnetic bandgap unit cells and a slotted ultra-wideband antenna loaded with EBG structures. Three other evolutionary algorithms viz. hybrid PSO, conventional PSO, and genetic algorithm are also adopted for the hyperparameter optimization of the ANN models for comparative analysis. Performances of all the models are evaluated using quantitative assessment parameters viz. mean square error, mean absolute percentage deviation, and coefficient of determination (R2). The comparative investigation establishes the accurate and efficient prediction capability of the ANN models tuned using IPSO compared to other evolutionary algorithms.
Web Scraping
Authors: Speckmann Felix
Published: December 2021

Abstract. When people use the Internet, they leave traces of their activities: blog posts, comments, articles, social media posts, etc. These traces represent behavior that psychologists can analyze. A method that makes downloading those sometimes very large datasets feasible is web scraping, which involves writing a program to automatically download specific parts of a website. The obtained data can be used to exploratorily generate new hypotheses, test existing ones, or extend existing research. The present Research Spotlight explains web scraping and discusses the possibilities, limitations as well as ethical and legal challenges associated with the approach.
WAMPUM: An Indigenous-Designed Path to Sea Level Rise Adaptation
Authors: Palmer Jane
Published: December 2021

Northeastern and mid-Atlantic tribal nations lived sustainably on the coastline for centuries before colonization. How can their experiences inform strategies for sea level rise adaptation?
Surface Mass Balance Controlled by Local Surface Slope in Inland Antarctica: Implications for Ice‐Sheet Mass Balance and Oldest Ice Delineation in Dome Fuji
Authors: Van Liefferinge Brice , Taylor Drew , Tsutaki Shun , Fujita Shuji , Gogineni Prasad , Kawamura Kenji , Matsuoka Kenichi , Moholdt Geir , Oyabu Ikumi , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Awasthi Abhishek , Buizert Christo , Gallet Jean‐Charles , Isaksson Elisabeth , Motoyama Hideaki , Nakazawa Fumio , Ohno Hiroshi , O’Neill Charles , Pattyn Frank , Sugiura Konosuke
Published: December 2021

The limited number of surface mass balance (SMB) observations in the Antarctic inland hampers estimates of ice‐sheet contribution to global sea level and locations with million‐year‐old ice. We present finely resolved SMB over the past three centuries in a low‐accumulation region with significant depth hoar formation on Dome Fuji derived from ∼1,100 km of microwave radar stratigraphy dated with a firn core. The regional‐mean SMB over the past 264 years is estimated to ∼22.5 ± 3.3 kg m−2 a−1, but with large local variability of up to 30%. We found that local SMB is negatively correlated with surface slope at scales of a few hundred meters, resulting in anomalous zones of low SMB which represent as much as 8–10% of the total SMB on the inland plateau if the SMB‐slope relationship is more widely valid. This impact should be investigated further to improve estimates of Antarctic mass balance and sea‐level contribution.
Emerging Trends in Arctic Solar Absorption
Authors: Sledd A. , L’Ecuyer T. S.
Published: December 2021

Recent satellite observations confirm that the Arctic is absorbing more solar radiation now than at the start of this century in response to declining Arctic sea ice and snow covers. Trends in the solar radiation input to Arctic ocean and land surfaces now each exceed interannual variability at the 95% confidence level, although all‐sky trends have taken 20%–40% longer to emerge compared to clear‐sky conditions. Clouds reduce mean solar absorption and secular trends over both land and ocean, but the effect of clouds on natural variability depends on the underlying surface. While clouds increase the time needed to unambiguously identify trends in nearly all Arctic regions, their masking effects are strongest over oceans. Clouds have extended the time to emergence of already observed clear‐sky trends beyond the existing 21 years Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System record in half of eight Arctic seas, supporting the need for continued satellite‐based radiative flux observations over the Arctic.
Threshold Conditions for the Shift Between Vegetated and Barebed Rivers
Authors: Calvani G. , Carbonari C. , Solari L.
Published: December 2021

Vegetation plays a fundamental role in riverine environments, by affecting both hydrodynamics and morphodynamics. At the same time, flow velocity and sediment scouring influence the decay of plants by uprooting. The balance among such interactions defines whether or not rivers are colonized by submerged or emergent vegetation. Previous studies focused on the shift between vegetated and barebed conditions through flume experiments or numerical simulations. Herein, we derive analytical formulations for the threshold in terms of flow velocity and Froude number, by accounting for the conditions of submergence. Both the formulations predict lower thresholds for submerged vegetation than emergent plants. Vegetation characteristics and flow regime variability play the major role in controlling the thresholds. The comparison of the proposed relationships to available data shows a good agreement. These results have important implications to understand bio‐morphological changes induced by natural and human factors, as well as to design effective river restoration projects.
Energetic Electron Precipitation Induced by Oblique Whistler Mode Chorus Emissions
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Kai , Omura Yoshiharu , Kubota Yuko
Published: December 2021

Energetic electron acceleration and precipitation in the Earth's outer radiation belt are highly associated with wave‐particle interactions between whistler mode chorus waves and electrons. We perform test particle simulations to investigate electrons interacting with parallel and oblique chorus emissions with maximum amplitude 2.1 nT and 370 pT at L = 4.5. We build up a database of Green's functions, which are treated as results of the input electrons interacting with one chorus emission. The loss process of electrons caused by consecutive chorus emissions in the outer radiation belt are traced by applying the convolution integrals of distribution functions and the Green's functions. Oblique chorus emissions lead to more electron precipitation than parallel chorus emissions in the range 370 pT–2.1 nT. By checking the resonance condition and resonant energies, we find that electrons are difficult to be scattered into the loss cone directly by Landau resonance. We propose a two‐step precipitation process for oblique chorus emissions that contributes to more electron loss: (a) Through Landau resonance interaction with a chorus emission, electrons at high pitch angles are effectively accelerated in the parallel direction, and their pitch angles become lower. (b) The electrons bounce back toward the equator, and they are pushed into loss cone through nonlinear scattering due to cyclotron resonance with another chorus emission. The combination of Landau resonance and cyclotron resonance by oblique chorus emissions results in a higher precipitation rate than the single cyclotron resonance by purely parallel chorus emissions.
Use of Twenty Years CLUSTER/FGM Data to Observe the Mean Behavior of the Magnetic Field and Current Density of Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Robert P. , Dunlop M. W.
Published: December 2021

The data from the CLUSTER FGM magnetometer, recorded for 20 years at ESA's Cluster Science Archive, as well as the position of the spacecraft, have been used to form a database aligned in time. It allows the calculation of curl(B) over all the lifetime of the mission (representing the current density via ). The and data are then bin averaged, as a function of the dipole tilt angle, to form a 3D grid of spatial extent of about 20 RE, and for any spatial resolution. From these data grids, maps of the direction of the magnetic field and of the current density can be produced, allowing the observation of the average behavior of the magnetic field and the current density on a large scale. The validity of the calculation of is discussed. By means of spatial interpolation, the grids are used to provide a measurement of the magnetic field at any point in space where the grid is filled. This allows the possibility of ray tracing to obtain empirical plots of the magnetic field lines, that is, modeled from experimental data. Field lines near the cusp can be visualized, although smoothed by the averaging of the IMF and solar wind parameters. In future work it would be possible to add other classification criteria than just the dipole tilt angle, such as various activity indices and solar wind parameters. The prospect of adding data from other missions (such as MMS?) would extend the regions that have been covered by Cluster, and increase the spatial extent of the 3D grid and its resolution.
Massive Multi‐Mission Statistical Study and Analytical Modeling of the Earth's Magnetopause: 3. An Asymmetric Non Indented Magnetopause Analytical Model
Authors: Nguyen G. , Aunai N. , Michotte de Welle B. , Jeandet A. , Lavraud B. , Fontaine D.
Published: December 2021

In a companion statistical study, we showed that the expression of the magnetopause surface as a power law of an elliptic function of the zenith angle θ holds at lunar distances, that the flaring of the magnetopause surface is influenced by the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) By component and that the IMF Bx component had no influence on the stand‐off distance. As a follow‐up to these statistical results, this paper presents a new empirical analytical asymmetric and non‐indented model of the magnetopause location and shape. This model is obtained from fitting of 15,349 magnetopause crossings using 17 different spacecraft and is parametrized by the upstream solar wind dynamic and magnetic pressures, the IMF clock angle and the Earth dipole tilt angle. The constructed model provides a more accurate prediction of the magnetopause surface location than current Magnetopause surface models, especially on the night side of the magnetosphere.
Active surveillance inclusion criteria under scrutiny in magnetic resonance imaging-guided prostate biopsy: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kornienko Kira , Siegel Fabian , Borkowetz Angelika , Hoffmann Manuela A. , Drerup Martin , Lieb Verena , Bruendl Johannes , Höfner Thomas , Cash Hannes , von Hardenberg Jost , Westhoff Niklas ,   GESRU Academics Prostate Cancer Group, von Hardenberg Jost , Beyer Burkhard , Bründl Johannes , Cash Johannes , Herrmann Jonas , Radtke Jan Philipp , Hoffmann Manuela A. , Leitsmann Conrad , Kornienko Kira , Worst Thomas , Borgmann Hendrik , Linxweiler Johannes , Klümper Niklas , Wenzel Mike , Welte Maria Noemi , Westhoff Niklas , Würnschimmel Christoph , Sigle August , Mahjoub Samy , Ortner Gernot , Kwe Jeremy , Langenberger Sven-Thorben
Published: December 2021

Background

Although multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is recommended for primary risk stratification and follow-up in Active Surveillance (AS), it is not part of common AS inclusion criteria. The objective was to compare AS eligibility by systematic biopsy (SB) and combined MRI-targeted (MRI-TB) and SB within real-world data using current AS guidelines.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study was conducted by a German prostate cancer (PCa) working group representing six tertiary referral centers and one outpatient practice. Men with PCa and at least one MRI-visible lesion according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2 were included. Twenty different AS inclusion criteria of international guidelines were applied to calculate AS eligibility using either a SB or a combined MRI-TB and SB. Reasons for AS exclusion were assessed.

Results

Of 1941 patients with PCa, per guideline, 583–1112 patients with PCa in both MRI-TB and SB were available for analysis. Using SB, a median of 22.1% (range 6.4–72.4%) were eligible for AS. Using the combined approach, a median of 15% (range 1.7–68.3%) were eligible for AS. Addition of MRI-TB led to a 32.1% reduction of suitable patients. Besides Gleason Score upgrading, the maximum number of positive cores were the most frequent exclusion criterion. Variability in MRI and biopsy protocols potentially limit the results.

Conclusions

Only a moderate number of patients with PCa can be monitored by AS to defer active treatment using current guidelines for inclusion in a real-world setting. By an additional MRI-TB, this number is markedly reduced. These results underline the need for a contemporary adjustment of AS inclusion criteria.
The Calcivis story - enamel caries activity assessment from technology to practice
Authors: Pitts Nigel B. , Longbottom Chris , Christie Adam , Vernon Bruce , Bailey Graham
Published: December 2021

The Calcivis story is one of innovation and collaboration to deliver new technology capable of helping dentists improve patient care through solving an unmet clinical need in assessing the activity of caries lesions in enamel. Presently, there is no system routinely used in dental practice that can, in a single visit, determine whether a non-cavitated caries lesion is active or not. Calcivis has evolved since 2005, when a potential link between basic science in luminescence and differentiating initial-stage caries lesions that are actively demineralising and likely to progress, from other lesions which are inactive and currently do not need interventive care, was recognised. The 16-year journey has involved clinical academic dentists, scientists and entrepreneurs, general practitioners and their patients, together with serial investors and a core team working to patent, refine, assess and develop products to submit to regulatory approval and take to the international dental market. This journey has been made possible through effective long-term collaborations between disparate groups all sharing a common vision for the possibilities of harnessing new technology to help dental professionals provide better care for their patients.
Hedgehog-inspired magnetic nanoparticles for effectively capturing and detecting exosomes
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Yu Yunru , Shou Xin , Zhang Dagan , Liang Gaofeng , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: December 2021

Exosomes, as one type of extracellular vesicle derived from multiple cells, have much potential as cancer biomarkers in clinical applications, but their enrichment and detection remain a huge challenge. Herein, inspired by the burr-like structure of the hedgehog, we present a new nanoparticle with a nanoneedle-assembled shell and a magnetic core for the effective capture and detection of exosomes. The unique nanoneedle structures endowed the magnetic nanoparticles with a large surface area for antibody modification so that the nanoparticles could serve as a platform for efficient exosome capture. In addition, the controllable movement of exosome-combined nanoparticles, which is due to the magnetic iron oxide cores, provides tremendous convenience for separating exosomes. The practical value of these nanoparticles in exosome analyses of serum from healthy patients and patients with liver cancer has also been demonstrated. Thus, we believe that bioinspired hierarchical nanoparticles are promising for biomedical and clinical applications.
Overemphasis on recovery inhibits community transformation and creates resilience traps
Authors: Rachunok Benjamin , Nateghi Roshanak
Published: December 2021

Building community resilience in the face of climate disasters is critical to achieving a sustainable future. Operational approaches to resilience favor systems’ agile return to the status quo following a disruption. Here, we show that an overemphasis on recovery without accounting for transformation entrenches ‘resilience traps’–risk factors within a community that are predictive of recovery, but inhibit transformation. By quantifying resilience including both recovery and transformation, we identify risk factors which catalyze or inhibit transformation in a case study of community resilience in Florida during Hurricane Michael in 2018. We find that risk factors such as housing tenure, income inequality, and internet access have the capability to trigger transformation. Additionally, we find that 55% of key predictors of recovery are potential resilience traps, including factors related to poverty, ethnicity and mobility. Finally, we discuss maladaptation which could occur as a result of disaster policies which emphasize resilience traps.
EpoR stimulates rapid cycling and larger red cells during mouse and human erythropoiesis
Authors: Hidalgo Daniel , Bejder Jacob , Pop Ramona , Gellatly Kyle , Hwang Yung , Maxwell Scalf S. , Eastman Anna E. , Chen Jane-Jane , Zhu Lihua Julie , Heuberger Jules A. A. C. , Guo Shangqin , Koury Mark J. , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup , Socolovsky Merav
Published: December 2021

The erythroid terminal differentiation program couples sequential cell divisions with progressive reductions in cell size. The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is essential for erythroblast survival, but its other functions are not well characterized. Here we use Epor−/− mouse erythroblasts endowed with survival signaling to identify novel non-redundant EpoR functions. We find that, paradoxically, EpoR signaling increases red cell size while also increasing the number and speed of erythroblast cell cycles. EpoR-regulation of cell size is independent of established red cell size regulation by iron. High erythropoietin (Epo) increases red cell size in wild-type mice and in human volunteers. The increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) outlasts the duration of Epo treatment and is not the result of increased reticulocyte number. Our work shows that EpoR signaling alters the relationship between cycling and cell size. Further, diagnostic interpretations of increased MCV should now include high Epo levels and hypoxic stress.
Integrated single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Dinh Huy Q. , Pan Feng , Wang Geng , Huang Qing-Feng , Olingy Claire E. , Wu Zhi-Yong , Wang Shao-Hong , Xu Xin , Xu Xiu-E , He Jian-Zhong , Yang Qian , Orsulic Sandra , Haro Marcela , Li Li-Yan , Huang Guo-Wei , Breunig Joshua J. , Koeffler H. Phillip , Hedrick Catherine C. , Xu Li-Yan , Lin De-Chen , Li En-Min
Published: December 2021

The tumor microenvironment is a highly complex ecosystem of diverse cell types, which shape cancer biology and impact the responsiveness to therapy. Here, we analyze the microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using single-cell transcriptome sequencing in 62,161 cells from blood, adjacent nonmalignant and matched tumor samples from 11 ESCC patients. We uncover heterogeneity in most cell types of the ESCC stroma, particularly in the fibroblast and immune cell compartments. We identify a tumor-specific subset of CST1+ myofibroblasts with prognostic values and potential biological significance. CST1+ myofibroblasts are also highly tumor-specific in other cancer types. Additionally, a subset of antigen-presenting fibroblasts is revealed and validated. Analyses of myeloid and T lymphoid lineages highlight the immunosuppressive nature of the ESCC microenvironment, and identify cancer-specific expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This work establishes a rich resource of stromal cell types of the ESCC microenvironment for further understanding of ESCC biology.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems exhibit reduced bronchial epithelial cells toxicity compared to cigarette: the Replica Project
Authors: Caruso Massimo , Emma Rosalia , Distefano Alfio , Rust Sonja , Poulas Konstantinos , Zadjali Fahad , Giordano Antonio , Volarevic Vladislav , Mesiakaris Konstantinos , Al Tobi Mohammed , Boffo Silvia , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Zuccarello Pietro , Giallongo Cesarina , Ferrante Margherita , Polosa Riccardo , Li Volti Giovanni ,   the Replica Project Group, Pulvirenti Roberta , Carota Giuseppe , Spampinato Maria Rita , Caruso Tancredi , Karanasios Georgios , Albalushi Najwa , Canciello Angelo , Ilic Aleksandar
Published: December 2021

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may reduce health risks associated with chronic exposure to smoke and their potential benefits have been the matter of intense scientific debate. We aimed to replicate three published studies on cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of cigarette smoke and ENDS aerosol in an independent multi-center ring study. We aimed to establish the reliability of results and the robustness of conclusions by replicating the authors’ experimental protocols and further validating them with different techniques. Human bronchial epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were exposed to cigarette whole smoke and vapor phase and to aerosol from ENDS. We also assessed the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and the remodeling mediator matrix metalloproteinase-1. We replicated cell viability results and confirmed that almost 80% of cytotoxic effects are due to volatile compounds in the vapor phase of smoke. Our findings substantiated the reduced cytotoxic effects of ENDS aerosol. However, our data on inflammatory and remodeling activity triggered by smoke differed significantly from those in the original reports. Taken together, independent data from multiple laboratories clearly demonstrated the reduced toxicity of ENDS products compared to cigarettes.
Morphology of the oldest fossil subfamily of Limoniidae (Diptera, Architipulinae) in the light of exceptionally preserved Mesozoic material
Authors: Kopeć Katarzyna , Soszyńska-Maj Agnieszka , Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Coram Robert A. , Krzemiński Wiesław
Published: December 2021

Based on known fossil evidence the extinct subfamily Architipulinae is considered to be the oldest evolutionary group of the Limoniidae, the largest family within the infraorder Tipulomorpha. The morphology of this subfamily, which includes 11 genera, has so far been based mainly on wing venation. New well-preserved representatives of the genus Cretolimonia Kalugina, 1986 were recovered from the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary of Shevia and Daya, Transbaikalia, as well as from mid-Cretaceous amber from Kachin, Myanmar. This new material enriches our knowledge of the subfamily Architipulinae and of the genus Cretolimonia, and allows us to ascertain the detailed morphological structure of the female copulatory apparatus with spermathecae and the structure of the male hypopygium. The combination of detailed impression fossils with a specimen preserved three-dimensionally in resin has permitted study of the morphology of this Mesozoic fly genus almost to the level of modern genera. The paper includes descriptions of four new species of Cretolimonia: C. lukashevichae sp. nov., C. pseudojurassica sp. nov., C. dayana sp. nov. from sedimentary rocks, and C. mikolajczyki sp. nov. from Myanmar amber, supported with a key to all known species.
Leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in Chinese retired adults
Authors: Mu Xuanwen , Yu Kuai , Long Pinpin , Niu Rundong , Li Wending , Chen Huiting , Gao Hui , Li Xingxing , Yuan Yu , Yang Handong , Zhang Xiaomin , He Mei-an , Liu Gang , Guo Huan , Wu Tangchun
Published: December 2021

The optimum amounts and types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among Chinese retired adults are unclear. The prospective study enrolled 26,584 participants (mean age [SD]: 63.3 [8.4]) without baseline disease from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort in 2013. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean 5.0 (1.5) years of follow-up, 5704 incident CVD cases were documented. Compared with less than 7.5 metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-hours/week) of LTPA, participating LTPA for 22.5–37.5 MET-hours/week, which was equivalent to 3 to 5 times the world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum, was associated with a 18% (95% CI 9 to 25%) lower CVD risk; however, no significant additional benefit was gained when exceeding 37.5 MET-hours/week. Each log10 increment of MET-hours/week in square dancing and cycling was associated with 11% (95% CI 2 to 20%) and 32% (95% CI 21 to 41%), respectively, lower risk of incident CVD. In Chinese retired adults, higher LTPA levels were associated with lower CVD risk, with a benefit threshold at 3 to 5 times the recommended physical activity minimum. Encouraging participation in square dancing and cycling might gain favourable cardiovascular benefits.
Great tits feed their nestlings with more but smaller prey items and fewer caterpillars in cities than in forests
Authors: Sinkovics Csenge , Seress Gábor , Pipoly Ivett , Vincze Ernő , Liker András
Published: December 2021

Rapidly increasing urbanisation is one of the most significant anthropogenic environmental changes which can affect demographic traits of animal populations, for example resulting in reduced reproductive success. The food limitation hypothesis suggests that the shortage of high-quality nestling food in cities is a major factor responsible for the reduced reproductive performance in insectivorous birds. To study this explanation, we collected data on the parental provisioning behaviour of urban and forest great tits (Parus major) in three years that varied both in caterpillar availability (the main food of great tit nestlings) and in reproductive success of the birds. In all years, urban parents provisioned caterpillars in a smaller proportion to their nestlings, but the total amount of food per nestling (estimated by the volumes of all prey items) did not differ between habitats. In the two years with much lower reproductive success in urban than forest habitats, urban parents had higher provisioning rates, but provided more non-arthropod food and brought smaller prey items than forest parents. In the year with reduced habitat difference in reproductive success, urban parents were able to compensate for the scarcity of caterpillars by provisioning other arthropods rather than non-arthropod food, and by delivering larger preys than in the other years. Specifically, in this latter year, caterpillars provisioned by urban pairs were cc. twice as large as in the other two years, and were similar in size to caterpillars provisioned in the forest broods. These results show that although urban great tit parents can provide the same quantity of food per nestling as forest parents by reducing their brood size and increasing the per capita feeding rates for nestlings, they cannot compensate fully for the scarcity of high-quality preys (caterpillars) in poor years. In some years, however, favourable conditions for urban caterpillar development can greatly reduce food limitation in cities, allowing urban birds to achieve higher reproductive success. We suggest that urban green areas designed and managed in a way to facilitate conditions for phytophagous arthropods could improve habitat quality for urban birds.
Functional and structural analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the MYB oncoproteins associated with human cancer
Authors: Lim Shu Wen , Tan Kennet JunKai , Azuraidi Osman Mohd , Sathiya Maran , Lim Ee Chen , Lai Kok Song , Yap Wai-Sum , Afizan Nik Abd Rahman Nik Mohd
Published: December 2021

MYB proteins are highly conserved DNA-binding domains (DBD) and mutations in MYB oncoproteins have been reported to cause aberrant and augmented cancer progression. Identification of MYB molecular biomarkers predictive of cancer progression can be used for improving cancer management. To address this, a biomarker discovery pipeline was employed in investigating deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in predicting damaging and potential alterations on the properties of proteins. The nsSNP of the MYB family;MYB,MYBL1, andMYBL2was extracted from the NCBI database. Five in silico tools (PROVEAN, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, SNPs&GO and PhD-SNP) were utilized to investigate the outcomes of nsSNPs. A total of 45 nsSNPs were predicted as high-risk and damaging, and were subjected to PMut and I-Mutant 2.0 for protein stability analysis. This resulted in 32 nsSNPs with decreased stability with a DDG score lower than − 0.5, indicating damaging effect. G111S, N183S, G122S, and S178C located within the helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain were predicted to be conserved, further posttranslational modifications and 3-D protein analysis indicated these nsSNPs to shift DNA-binding specificity of the protein thus altering the protein function. Findings from this study would help in the field of pharmacogenomic and cancer therapy towards better intervention and management of cancer.
Offline low-frequency rTMS of the primary and premotor cortices does not impact motor sequence memory consolidation despite modulation of corticospinal excitability
Authors: Psurek Felix , King Bradley Ross , Classen Joseph , Rumpf Jost-Julian
Published: December 2021

Motor skills are acquired and refined across alternating phases of practice (online) and subsequent consolidation in the absence of further skill execution (offline). Both stages of learning are sustained by dynamic interactions within a widespread motor learning network including the premotor and primary motor cortices. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and its interaction with the primary motor cortex (M1) during motor memory consolidation. Forty-eight healthy human participants (age 22.1 ± 3.1 years) were assigned to three different groups corresponding to either low-frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of left dPMC, rTMS of left M1, or sham rTMS. rTMS was applied immediately after explicit motor sequence training with the right hand. Motor evoked potentials were recorded before training and after rTMS to assess potential stimulation-induced changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE). Participants were retested on motor sequence performance after eight hours to assess consolidation. While rTMS of dPMC significantly increased CSE and rTMS of M1 significantly decreased CSE, no CSE modulation was induced by sham rTMS. However, all groups demonstrated similar significant offline learning indicating that consolidation was not modulated by the post-training low-frequency rTMS intervention despite evidence of an interaction of dPMC and M1 at the level of CSE. Motor memory consolidation ensuing explicit motor sequence training seems to be a rather robust process that is not affected by low-frequency rTMS-induced perturbations of dPMC or M1. Findings further indicate that consolidation of explicitly acquired motor skills is neither mediated nor reflected by post-training CSE.
Reversible CO2 activation by a N-phosphinoamidinato digermyne
Authors: Fan Jun , Quek Shina , Yang Ming-Chung , Zhang Zheng-Feng , Su Ming-Der , So Cheuk-Wai
Published: December 2021

The N-phosphinoamidinato digermyne [LG̈e–G̈eL] (L = tBu2PNC(Ph)NDipp, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) demonstrated transition-metal–like reactivity in undergoing reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination with CO2 to form [LG̈eOC(O)G̈eL].
Design of a MOF based on octa-nuclear zinc clusters realizing both thermal stability and structural flexibility
Authors: Ma Yunsheng , Tang Xiaoyan , Chen Ming , Mishima Akio , Li Liangchun , Hori Akihiro , Wu Xiaoyu , Ding Lifeng , Kusaka Shinpei , Matsuda Ryotaro
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate the generation of a MOF (Zn8-as) based on octa-nuclear zinc clusters from a curved ligand and Zn(ii) in DMF and H2O. Zn8-de displays gated adsorption for C2H2and type-I adsorption for CO2, attributed to the framework flexibility.
Synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients using electrochemical methods: keys to improve sustainability
Authors: Cantillo David
Published: December 2021

This article summarizes recent examples of synthesis of active ingredients involving electrochemical steps and discusses the merits of electroorganic synthesis in terms of green chemistry.
Selective functionalization of benzylic C–H bonds of two different benzylic ethers by bowl-shaped N-hydroxyimide derivatives as efficient organoradical catalysts
Authors: Kato Terumasa , Maruoka Keiji
Published: December 2021

A highly efficient, site-selective benzylic C–H bond amination of two different benzylic ether substrates was described by using bowl-shaped N-hydroxyimide organoradical catalysts with diethyl azodicarboxylate.
Electronic structure calculations and quantum dynamics of rotational deexcitation of CNNC by He
Authors: Ritika  , Kumar Sanchit , Dhilip Kumar T. J.
Published: December 2021

The quantum dynamics of rotational transitions of the diisocyanogen (CNNC) molecule undergoing collision with the helium (He) atom occurring in the interstellar medium (ISM) has been studied.
Theoretical investigation of CH-bond activation by photocatalytic excited SO2 and the effects of C-, N-, S-, and Se-doped TiO2
Authors: Gerhards Luca , Klüner Thorsten
Published: December 2021

The photocatalytic sulfoxidation on TiO2 discovered by Parrino et al. represents a new, interesting and lower energy route for the synthesis of sulfonic acids.
Assessment of DFT approaches in noble gas clathrate-like clusters: stability and thermodynamics
Authors: Yanes-Rodríguez Raquel , Prosmiti Rita
Published: December 2021

Assessment of computational quantum approaches in He@clathrate cage systems.
Six-week inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles in mice affects antioxidant defense, immune response, kidneys, intestine and bones
Authors: Tulinska Jana , Krivosikova Zora , Liskova Aurelia , Lehotska Mikusova Miroslava , Masanova Vlasta , Rollerova Eva , Stefikova Kornelia , Wsolova Ladislava , Babelova Andrea , Tothova Lubomira , Busova Milena , Babickova Janka , Uhnakova Iveta , Alacova Radka , Dusinska Maria , Horvathova Mira , Szabova Michaela , Vecera Zbynek , Mikuska Pavel , Coufalik Pavel , Krumal Kamil , Alexa Lukas , Piler Pavel , Thon Vojtech , Docekal Bohumil
Published: December 2021

Inhalation of PbO nanoparticles in mice has adverse effects on immune response, oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, kidneys, intestine and bones.
Recent progress on immobilization technology in enzymatic conversion of marine by-products to concentrated omega-3 fatty acids
Authors: Liu Yi , Dave Deepika
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive summary of recent research progress applying immobilization technology in sustainable development of marine biomass to value-added products.
Correction: Quantifying nanotherapeutic penetration using a hydrogel-based microsystem as a new 3D in vitro platform
Authors: Goodarzi Saba , Prunet Audrey , Rossetti Fabien , Bort Guillaume , Tillement Olivier , Porcel Erika , Lacombe Sandrine , Wu Ting-Di , Guerquin-Kern Jean-Luc , Delanoë-Ayari Hélène , Lux François , Rivière Charlotte
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Quantifying nanotherapeutic penetration using a hydrogel-based microsystem as a new 3D in vitro platform’ by Saba Goodarzi et al., Lab Chip, 2021, 21, 2495–2510, DOI: 10.1039/D1LC00192B.
Electrostatic self-assembly of 2D Janus PS@Au nanoraspberry photonic-crystal array with enhanced near-infrared SERS activity
Authors: Cao An , Zhang Tao , Liu Dilong , Xing Changchang , Zhong Shichuan , Li Xuejiao , Zeng Pan , Li Yue
Published: December 2021

We developing a simple strategy to prepare a kind of 2D Janus PS@Au nanoraspberry photonic-crystal array with excellent near-infrared SERS enhancement effec by electrostatic self-assembly.
Contact electrification through interfacial charge transfer: a mechanistic viewpoint on solid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Panda Pritam Kumar , Singh Deobrat , Köhler Mateus H. , de Vargas Douglas D. , Wang Zhong Lin , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: December 2021

Contact electrification (triboelectrification) has been a long-standing phenomenon for 2600 years.
Na2SnO3 functions as outstanding magnesium alloy passivator by synergistic effect with trace carboxymethyl chitosan for Mg–air batteries for standby protection
Authors: Chen Liangyuan , Ma Xiumin , Ma Zheng , Lu Dongzhu , Hou Baorong
Published: December 2021

Coordination of Na2SnO3 with trace carboxymethyl chitosan contributes to standby protection and high utilization efficiency of the AZ61 anode.
A coupling bimetallic Ni–La/MCM-41 catalyst enhanced by radio frequency (RF) plasma for dry reforming
Authors: Xu Junqiang , Tian Huan , Chen Kaipeng , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yalin , Cao Wuyi , Guo Fang
Published: December 2021

Ni–La–Imp–P exhibited excellent stability and less carbon deposition (only 5.94%) after reacting at 700 °C for 20 h.
Highly oriented quasi-2D layered tin halide perovskites with 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide for efficient and stable tin perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xu Yanting , Jiang Ke-Jian , Wang Pengcheng , Gu Wei-Min , Yu Guang-Hui , Zhou Xueqin , Song Yanlin
Published: December 2021

The addition of TEAI can induce oriented growth of perovskite films and enhance the efficiency with high stability.
Excitonic absorption and defect-related emission in three-dimensional MoS2 pyramids
Authors: Negri M. , Francaviglia L. , Kaplan D. , Swaminathan V. , Salviati G. , Fontcuberta i Morral A. , Fabbri F.
Published: December 2021

In this work, we study the excitonic absorption and cathodoluminescence emission of MoS2 micro-pyramids grown by chemical vapor deposition on SiO2 substrates, obtained at room and cryogenic temperatures.
Rediscovering Bacon's hydrazine/phenylhydrazine mediated cyclization of 2,2′-dicarbonylbi(hetero)aryls: construction of (5-azo)-/indazolo[2,3-a]quinolines
Authors: Dhote Pawan S. , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: December 2021

Hydrazine/phenylhydrazine-mediated reductive dicarbonyl coupling reactions have been carried out under mild conditions to provide polycyclic aromatic compounds and azo-substituted polyaromatic compounds.
Metal-free sulfonylation of arenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide via cleavage of S–N bonds: expeditious synthesis of diarylsulfones
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Feng Yueji , Tuo Yanyan , Zheng Qing-Zhong
Published: December 2021

A novel metal-free sulfonylation of arenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) toward the synthesis of diarylsulfones has been developed.
A biocompatible two-photon absorbing fluorescent mitochondrial probe for deepin vivobioimaging
Authors: Lin Lingmin , He Zewei , Zhang Tianfang , Zuo Yanming , Chen Xiangfeng , Abdelrahman Zeinab , Chen Feihong , Wei Zhongcao , Si Ke , Gong Wei , Wang Xuhua , He Sailing , Chen Zuobing
Published: December 2021

We reported a mitochondria-targeted two-photon fluorescent dye with an excellent two-photon absorption cross-section. With this dye, we reached an imaging depth ofca.640 μm during mitochondrial imaging of cortical cells in live animals.
Gap surface plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from upconversion nanoparticle-sensitized perovskite quantum dots in a metal–insulator–metal configuration under NIR excitation
Authors: Kim Minju , Kim Youngji , Kim Kiheung , Huang Wen-Tse , Liu Ru-Shi , Hyun Jerome K. , Kim Dong Ha
Published: December 2021

29-Fold luminescence enhancement of upconversion nanoparticle-sensitized perovskite quantum dots was achieved by implementing a metal–insulator–metal configuration and plasmonic coupling.
Partial transmit sequence based on discrete particle swarm optimization with threshold about PAPR reduction in FBMC/OQAM system
Authors: Li Lei , Xue Lunsheng , Chen Xihong , Yuan Dizhe
Published: December 2021

Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is an effective method to reduce the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, but it is not suitable for the filter bank multi‐carrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) system because of the overlapping structure of FBMC/OQAM signals. And PTS needs the traversal method to search for the optimal solution, which will increase the complexity of the system. To overcome this shortcoming, a PTS based on discrete particle swarm optimization with threshold (PTS‐DPSO‐TH) is proposed and applied to FBMC/OQAM system in this paper. PTS‐DPSO‐TH uses discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) to search for the optimal solution, effectively reducing the excessively high PAPR of the FBMC/OQAM system and avoiding the increase of system complexity. Secondly, the threshold is introduced to decrease the number of iterations and further reduce the system's complexity on the premise of guaranteeing the performance of PAPR reduction. Furthermore, through simulation, the effects of multiple parameters on PAPR reduction performance of PTS‐DPSO‐TH are compared and analysed.
A novel light field compression framework with hybrid residue transform mechanism
Authors: Huang Xinpeng , An Ping , Yang Chao , Shen Liquan
Published: December 2021

To meet the challenge of compressing the vast light field data, many prediction‐based algorithms achieve satisfactory results. Although these algorithms remove most redundancy through angular prediction, they rarely develop the suitable de‐correlation solutions for the prediction residue, leading to a large gap for higher compression performance. Therefore, this letter proposes a hybrid residue transform (HRT) mechanism to fully exploit the correlations in prediction residue for a three‐layer hierarchical light field compression. Specifically, the prediction residue is hierarchically generated from the authors' three‐layer structure. Besides, considering the high‐dimensional feature of light field residue, the high‐dimensional transforms, including 3D and 4D discrete cosine transforms, are alternately utilized to make the energy of the residue more compact. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Design of 18–40 GHz GaN reactive matching power amplifiers using one‐order and two‐order synthesised transformer networks
Authors: Chen Yang , Wu Yunqiu , Luo Liwei , Wang Qiyu , Zhang Yong , Yan Bo , Xu Ruimin , Xu Yuehang
Published: December 2021

A reactive matching (RM) power amplifier (PA) can achieve higher efficiency than a distributed amplifier (DA). In this paper, RM PAs that cover 18–40 GHz are proposed by using one‐order and two‐order synthesised transformer networks (STNs) with GaN on Si technology. In this band, the PAs can provide ≥30 dBm and ≥31.9 dBm output power, with power‐added efficiency (PAE) of ≥17% and ≥15% in the continuous mode, respectively. Further, STNs are analysed using the transmission poles method (TPM) instead of the resonant frequency method (RFM). Thus, the limitations of output power and bandwidth are comprehensively derived. In the one‐order STN, the impedance transformation ratio (T1N) has a maximum value (TMAX_1N), limiting the output power. A two‐order STN is proposed, and the impedance transformation ratio maximum (TMAX_2N) can be improved to (TMAX_1N)2. The result of this paper will be helpful for wideband high‐power amplifier applications.
Establishment of the Carrot-Made LTB-Syn Antigen Cell Line in Shake Flask and Airlift Bioreactor Cultures
Authors: Carreño-Campos Christian , Arevalo-Villalobos Jaime I. , Villarreal María Luisa , Ortiz-Caltempa Anabel , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio
Published: December 2021

Carrot (Daucus carota) cells have been used to effectively manufacture recombinant biopharmaceuticals such as cytokines, vaccines, and antibodies. We generated the carrot cell line Z4, genetically modified to produce the LTB-Syn antigen, which is a fusion protein proposed for immunotherapy against synucleinopathies. In this work, the Z4 cell suspension line was cultivated to produce the LTB-Syn protein in a 250 mL shake flask and 2 L airlift bioreactor cultures grown for 45 and 30 days, respectively. Maximum biomass was obtained on day 15 in both the airlift bioreactor (35.00 ± 0.04 g/L DW) and shake flasks (17.00 ± 0.04 g/L DW). In the bioreactor, the highest LTB-Syn protein yield (1.52 ± 0.03 µg/g FW) was obtained on day 15; while the same occurred on day 18 for shake flasks (0.92 ± 0.02 µg/g FW). LTB-Syn protein levels were analyzed by GM1-ELISA and western blot. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of the transgene in the Z4 line. The obtained data demonstrate
that the carrot Z4 cell suspension line grown in airlift bioreactors shows promise for a scale-up cultivation producing an oral LTB-Syn antigen.