bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAZER SOBRE RODAS NO PROCESSO DE ENVELHECIMENTO DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA POR LESÃO MEDULAR
Authors: Wagner Valdilene , Oliveira Leonardo Pestillo de , Honorato Anderson Da Silva
Published: January 2021

O envelhecimento é um fenômeno frequentemente estudado namodernidade e vem atingindo as pessoas com lesão medular graçasao prolongamento da vida dessa população. Esse estudo objetivoudialogar com a literatura para verificar as correlações entre as práticasde atividade física e percepção de saúde com os hábitos de lazer,identificando como essas vivências podem favorecer a saúde depessoas com lesão medular no processo de envelhecimento. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, correlacional de abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que indivíduos envolvidos em atividades de lazer, práticas de exercícios, e com condições favoráveis de saúde, têm mais chances de amenizar as perdas e as modificações nos corpos humanos causadas no processo de envelhecimento, bem como condições de enfrentamento da depressão e do isolamento social pela melhoria na qualidade de vida. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para compreender de maneira ainda mais abrangente essas áreas do conhecimento.
ADOLESCÊNCIA, DESENVOLVIMENTO MORAL E EDUCAÇÃO: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DO DESENHO ANIMADO CAVERNA DO DRAGÃO
Authors: Barros Lucian da Silva
Published: January 2021

O texto apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa com foco no desenvolvimento moral do adolescente. O desenho animado Caverna do Dragão foi tomado como objeto de estudo, a partir do qual, por meio das ações expressas por seus personagens nos episódios, buscamos os subsídios necessários para a construção de uma reflexão a respeito de como o adolescente vivencia, em seu cotidiano, os mais diversos dilemas morais, e os meios que aplica no enfrentamento e resolução dessas questões. Após a análise dos dados, realizou-se uma aproximação dessa proposta com o contexto escolar, buscando construir estratégias de atuação na escola.
Retrograde balloon aortic valvuloplasty with the newly invented Inoue balloon for aortic stenosis accompanied by severe heart failure: a case report
Authors: Ishizu Keinchi , Kawaguchi Tomohiro , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji
Published: January 2021

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is frequently utilized for selected
high-risk patients who cannot be immediate candidates for transcatheter
aortic valve replacement. We describe a case of high-risk retrograde BAV
performed safely with a newly invented Inoue balloon with stable
fixation and multistage inflation characteristics, without any rapid
ventricular pacing requirements.
DEM--CFD modeling and simulations of hydrodynamic characteristics and flow resistance coefficient in fixed-bed reactors
Authors: Li Yaping , Xie Le , Zhou Yonghua , Jiang Chongwen , Zhong Hong
Published: January 2021

The ability to predict void fraction, pressure drop, and flow resistance
coefficient in fixed-bed reactors is significant to their optimal
design. In this study, the discrete element method (DEM) is combined
with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the hydrodynamic
characteristics of fixed-beds. A realistic random packing structure for
fixed-beds with spherical particles was generated via the DEM method and
then meshed using Ansys ICEM software for the CFD simulation. A grid
independency study was performed to select appropriate grid model
parameters. A large set of numerical experiments was conducted to
investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics with respect to different
inlet velocities and particle sizes, and the simulated pressure drop
data were used to calculate the flow resistance coefficient. The output
flow resistance coefficients agreed well with those calculated by the
classical models in laminar and turbulent flow regimes, thereby
indicating the accuracy and advantage of the proposed DEM–CFD approach.
Accurate Prediction of Deprotonation and pH value of Acids in Aqueous Solutions over the Whole Concentration Range
Authors: Lee Bong-Seop , Lin Shiang-Tai
Published: January 2021

The pKa of an acid is important for determining the dissociation and
thermodynamic properties of solutions containing it. However, the value
of pKa is typically determined at dilute limit and cannot be used to
describe properties of the solution at high concentrations. In this
work, we propose an approach to determine the concentration independent
equilibrium constant Keq based on pKa and predicted activity
coefficients. The Keq determined is applied to predict the degree of
dissociation over whole concentration range for weak to strong acids.
The pH of acid aqueous solution is predicted over whole concentration
range, showing a good agreement with experiments. Based on this
approach, we found that the vapor pressures of acid aqueous solutions
strongly depend on the degree of dissociation of acids. The proposed
model provides useful insights to link the macroscopic properties of
acid aqueous solutions to its microscopic dissociation phenomena over
the whole concentration range.
Odor of achlorophyllous plants' seeds drives seed-dispersing ants
Authors: Yamada Mikihisa , Hojo Masaru , Imamura Akio
Published: January 2021

Seed dispersal by ants is an important means of migration for plants.
Although many 34 myrmecochorous plants have seeds containing elaiosome,
a nutritional reward for ants, some 35 non-myrmecochorous seeds without
elaiosomes are also dispersed by ant species. However, the 36 mechanism
by which seeds without elaiosomes enable efficient dispersal by ants is
scarcely 37 investigated. The seeds of the achlorophyllous and
myco-heterotrophic herbaceous plant 38 Monotropastrum humile are very
small without elaiosomes and require a fungal host for 39 germination
and survival. We performed a bioassay using seeds of M. humile and the
ant 40 Nylanderia flavipes to demonstrate ant-mediated seed dispersal.
We also analyzed the volatile 41 odors emitted from M. humile seeds and
conducted bioassays using dummy seeds coated with 42 seed volatiles.
Although elaiosomes were absent from the M. humile seeds, the ants
carried the 43 seeds to their nests. They also carried the dummy seeds
coated with the seed volatile mixture to 44 the nest, and left some
dummy seeds inside the nest and discarded the rest of the dummy seeds 45
outside the nest with a bias toward locations with moisture conditions,
which might be 46 conducive to germination. We concluded that seeds of
M. humile were dispersed by the ants, 47 and that seed odors were
sufficient to induce directed dispersal even without elaiosomes. It is
48 probable that the fleshy fruit producing genus Monotropastrum evolved
from the related 49 anemochorous genus Monotropa, which produces capsule
fruit. This transformation from 50 anemochory to myrmecochory presents a
novel evolutionary pathway toward ant-mediated seed 51 dispersal in an
achlorophyllous plant.
Intracardiac Flow Visualization Using High-Frame Rate Blood Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: Illustrations from infants with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Cantinotti Massimiliano , Marchese Pietro , Koestenberger Martin , Giordano Raffaele , Santoro Giuseppe , Assanta Nadia , Kutty Shelby
Published: January 2021

We report applications of novel high-frame rate blood speckle tracking
(BST) echocardiography in a series of infants with congenital heart
disease (CHD). BST echocardiography was highly feasible, reproducible,
and fast. High-frame rate BST provided complimentary information to
conventional color-Doppler data enhancing the visualization and
understanding of anomalous blood trajectories (e.g., shunt direction,
regurgitant volumes, and stenotic jets) and vortex formation. High-frame
rate BST echocardiography is a new, promising imaging tool that may be
helpful for deeper understanding of complex CHD physiology.
The Immunocompromised Surgical Patient and Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Gajurel Kiran , Subramanian Aruna K
Published: January 2021

Immunosuppressive medications used to prevent allograft rejection render solid-organ transplant recipients vulnerable to various opportunistic infections. These infections include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and occur either via reactivation of previously acquired latent infection or de novo acquisition from the donor organ itself or the environment after the transplantation. The type and clinical course of the infection depend on various factors, including the transplanted organ, nature of immunosuppressive regimens, timing of infection relative to the organ transplant, and type and duration of prophylaxis. Proper donor and recipient screening for preventable infections and posttransplantation prophylaxis are instrumental in preventing morbid infections. Posttransplantation infections may present with subtle findings and thus may cause a delay in diagnosis and treatment, resulting in a poor outcome. Appropriate pathogen-specific tests should be requested promptly for early diagnosis. Since these infections may have overlapping clinical and radiologic features, tissue biopsy, if feasible, should be done to establish a definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision or débridement should be attempted in patients presenting with abscesses or invasive fungal sinusitis along with antimicrobial therapy. After the completion of treatment, suppressive therapy may be required in certain infections to prevent a relapse as long as the patient remains immunosuppressed.
This review contains 3 tables, and 82 references.
Key words: allograft, donor, immunocompromised, infection, opportunistic, organ, transplant
Neonatal Physiology
Authors: Frugoni Brian , Downey Laura
Published: January 2021

The neonate has many unique physiologic characteristics that set it apart from older children and adults. Many of these differences arise from the requirements for fetal growth and development and the abrupt transition from fetal to extrauterine life. All organ systems are impacted, with critical implications for medical management. Understanding the unique features of the neonate is essential for the safe anesthetic care of these patients. This chapter reviews fetal development of the different organ systems, along with their function during the neonatal period. Placental physiology as it pertains to anesthetic management will be reviewed. Special attention will be paid to transitional cardiac and respiratory physiology as well as neonatal respiratory mechanics. Renal acid–base maintenance, fluid and electrolyte management, hematologic and neurologic systems will be discussed. Emphasis is on the term neonate, although preterm neonatal physiology is also briefly reviewed. Common neonatal disease states are also covered. The goal is for the anesthesia practitioner to gain a greater understanding of the unique aspects of the neonate so that they may better care for this vulnerable subset of patients.

This review contains 8 figures, 13 tables, and 52 references.
Key Words: apnea of prematurity, chronic lung disease, infant lung mechanics, intraventricular hemorrhage, neonate, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, persistent fetal circulation, transitional circulation, retinopathy of prematurity
Neonatal Emergencies II: Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Abdominal Wall Defects
Authors: Vesselinova Iva Vassileva
Published: January 2021

Recent advances in perinatal care have dramatically improved the survival of the youngest and smallest infants, including critically ill neonates and those born with congenital malformations. This has increased the neonatal population at risk for intraabdominal diseases due to prematurity that require surgical intervention. Thus, the pediatric anesthesiologist is increasingly confronted with the challenging task of providing anesthetic care for these vulnerable patients. Despite our better understanding of the immature transitional physiology and developmental pharmacology, pathology of the diseases of prematurity and impact of surgery and anesthesia on their fragile homeostasis, the risk for adverse perioperative events is still the highest in neonatal patients. Therefore, thoughtful preparation, anticipation of potential complications, and efficient collaboration within the multidisciplinary team are essential to ensure safety and quality of the delivered anesthetic care. This review focuses on the perioperative management of necrotizing enterocolitis and abdominal wall defects, with emphasis on preoperative stabilization and tailoring of anesthetic intraoperative plan to the unique neonatal physiology and disease process.
This review contains 4 tables, and 50 references.
Key Words: anesthesia, necrotizing enterocolitis, gastroschisis, omphalocele, neonatal, prematurity, resuscitation, morbidity, mortality.
Preparation for Advanced Airway Management: Pre-oxygenation and Positioning
Authors: Mehta Arpan , Pichurko Adrian
Published: January 2021

Preoxygenation allows a margin of safety prior to establishing control of a patient’s airway. Effective preoxygenation is influenced by careful technique, respiratory physiology, blood oxygen content, and total body oxygen consumption. Total body oxygen consumption is increased in the pregnant, pediatric, and obese populations, making maintenance of oxygenation more difficult during apnea. In addition to a standard facemask, advanced equipment such as high-flow nasal cannula, THRIVE, and various mask variants may be used. Positioning of a patient for advanced airway management affects preoxygenation, respiratory mechanics, and the conditions for establishing a definitive airway. The “triple airway support” maneuver consists of head extension, neck flexion, and protrusion of the mandibular teeth over the upper teeth; and provides effective mechanics for positive-pressure mask ventilation. Patients with potentially unstable cervical spines present additional challenges and, especially in emergency situations, require careful negotiation of priorities. Common maneuvers such as head tilt, jaw thrust, cricoid pressure, and manual in-line stabilization can cause motion in the unstable cervical spine with uncertain effects. 
This review contains 7 figures, 5 tables, and 43 references.
Keywords: preoxygenation, functional residual capacity, blood oxygen content, alveolar fraction of oxygen, total body oxygen consumption, high-flow nasal cannula, apneic oxygenation, sniffing position, triple airway support maneuver, manual in-line stabilization
The Geriatric Patient
Authors: Mechlin Maggie , Arrabal Peter
Published: January 2021

An aging population combined with the increasing availability of invasive medical procedures has created a growing number of elderly patients that anesthesiologists care for every day. Geriatric patients present unique challenges that must be taken into consideration when crafting an anesthetic plan. To start with, one must first decide what it means to be elderly. Is it an age cutoff? If so, at what age does a patient become elderly? Is it a physiologic definition? If so, what amount of physiologic derangement must be present and in how many organ systems for someone to be classified as elderly? Although there is no clear consensus, a reasonable definition would combine age with the patient’s physical tolerance towards the stresses of surgery. This chapter attempts to address the myriad challenges faced by the perioperative physician who is planning to anesthetize an elderly patient. There are unique points to be noted in the preoperative physical examination, cognitive evaluation, creation of the anesthetic plan, and risk stratification. There are additional concerns related to a patient’s wishes regarding code status and potential end-of-life care. By addressing all these issues, anesthesiologists can provide safe, successful, and compassionate care to a complex and diverse elderly population.
This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables, and 52 references.
Key Words: anesthetizing the elderly, code status discussion, delirium, pharmacokinetic changes of aging, postoperative cognitive decline, physiologic changes of aging, regional anesthesia for orthopedic surgery, risk stratification
Special Perioperative Considerations in Anesthesiology
Authors: Hurford William E. , Pitman William
Published: January 2021

Anesthesia providers are faced with increasing work stressors and challenges that affect both patient care and the health of providers.  Most physicians cope with stressors by relying on situational and personal characteristics.  Addiction remains a relatively common maladaptive response.  Anesthesiologists tend to abuse more potent medications than the general population and have a higher mortality rate than other practitioners with substance use disorder.  Distractions from personal stressors, combined with a myriad of distractions in the operating room, can jeopardize vigilant practice. How can we better provide for the safety of our patients and satisfaction within our own lives?  1) Mindful practice can lead to an internal state of personal wellness.  2) Intentional design of clinical processes can simplify our workflows and increase resilience to errors.  3) Adoption of performance improvement techniques and error reduction strategies can focus on identifying deviations from practice.  4) Checklists and standardized workflows, along with structured communication and team training can improve shared understanding and the reliability of our work.  Adoption of such interventions can reduce the burden of our work and improve outcomes for both the practitioner and the patient.
This review contains 2 figures, 6 tables, and 55 references.
Keywords: burnout, disclosure of mistakes, distractions, malpractice, mindfulness, performance improvement, physician impairment, safety, substance use disorder
Basic Pharmacologic Concepts
Authors: Cook Bryan , Urben Lindsay
Published: January 2021

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles specifically describe the different ways a drug and the body interact with each other. Pharmacokinetics focuses mainly on the absorption of medications into the body, the distribution into various tissues, how the body metabolizes and breaks down medications, and the elimination of any remaining medication or metabolites. Moreover, patient-specific characteristics, such as comorbidities and organ dysfunction, must be considered as they may also influence a drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Pharmacodynamics involves the different ways a medication affects the body, particularly when interacting with different receptors and the subsequent biochemical actions that elicit physiologic responses. Different drug-specific properties, such as affinity, efficacy, and agonism, also play a role in a patient’s response to the medication. When the concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are joined together, computer models and simulations can be utilized to help predict the expected physiologic effects of a drug based on varying dosing parameters while taking tissue distribution and metabolism into consideration.

This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 21 references.
Keywords: biophase, compartment distribution, context-sensitive half-time, dose-response relationship, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics, receptor sensitization
Ophthalmologic Anesthesia: Open Eye Injuries
Authors: Estime Stephen R , Rahmani Safa
Published: January 2021

Anesthetic management for ophthalmic surgery in a patient with an open eye injury requires a pragmatic, evidence-based approach to optimize success. Close communication with the ophthalmologist can make a significant impact on outcome. Additionally, providing appropriate pulmonary aspiration risk reduction using established guidelines; thoughtfully managing the challenging airway; and choosing the best medications during induction, maintenance, and emergence are all critical to minimizing the risks for further eye injury. Anesthetic goals can often be in opposition to one another, but with the appropriate knowledge, experience, and effective communication between patient and surgeon, the anesthesia provider can maintain patient safety while effecting the desired surgical outcome.
This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables and 37 references
Key Words: awake intubation, deep extubation, emergency eye surgery, eye trauma, full stomach, intraocular extrusion, intraocular pressure, open eye injury, succinylcholine and open eye sugammadex
Neonatal Emergencies II: Myelomeningocele
Authors: Vesselinova Iva Vassileva
Published: January 2021

Myelomeningocele is the most common and severe congenital malformation of the central nervous system, associated with substantial neurological morbidity, devastating lifelong medical disability and increased mortality. This review focuses on the perioperative anesthesia considerations of postnatal correction of myelomeningocele.
This contains 3 tables, and 34 references.
Key words: myelomeningocele, Arnold Chiari malformation, tethered spinal cord syndrome, hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, latex hypersensitivity, morbidity, mortality.
Neurosurgical Critical Care
Authors: Sarmiento Jose Manuel , Lahiri Shouri
Published: January 2021

The overarching goal of neurosurgical critical care is to prevent potential deleterious effects of secondary brain injury. The initial management of patients with traumatic brain injury prioritizes the assessment of injury severity and prevention of hypotension and hypoxemia. The assessment of severity in patients with traumatic brain injury is important for determining the need for intubation and need for placement of intracranial monitoring. The stepwise management of increased intracranial pressure following traumatic brain injury is emphasized to prevent cerebral herniation syndromes and cerebral infarcts. Treatment with glucocorticoids following acute spinal cord injury is not recommended. Operative indications for intracranial monitor placement, hemicraniectomy, and spinal decompression are reviewed.
 
This review contains 1 figure, 3 tables and 32 references
Key Words: glucocorticoids in spinal cord injury, hemicraniectomy, intracranial hypertension, multimodal monitoring, secondary brain injury, spinal cord injury, spinal decompression, traumatic brain injury
Principles and Techniques of Abdominal Access and Physiology of Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Gould Jon C. , Simon Kathleen
Published: January 2021

Laparoscopic surgery has gained popularity in recent time. An essential aspect of this technique is production of a pneumoperitoneum with insufflation for adequate visualization and manipulation of abdominal contents. Various techniques have been developed over the years for optimal access with minimization of complications. Some of these complications include vascular injury, visceral injury, and incisional hernia. Furthermore, considerations with regards to the patient’s physical morphology, and the cardiovascular/respiratory effects of increased abdominal pressure and anesthesia must be accounted for. The guidelines to optimize patient care in these regards are discussed in this review.

This review contains 2 videos, 5 figures, 2 tables, and 79 references.
Keywords:  trocar insertion, port site hernia, Veress needle, optical trocar, trocar related injuries, Hassan cannula, pneumoperitoneum, air embolism, pneumoperitoneum physiology
Sepsis
Authors: Filbin Michael R.
Published: January 2021

Sepsis accounts for approximately one in three hospital deaths, and is associated with very high health care costs due to prolonged lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. Sepsis is essentially an immunologic response to infection that is propagated systemically, leading to diffuse cellular and microcirculatory dysfunction, vasodilation, vital organ hypoperfusion, and eventual failure. This review covers the pathophysiology, stabilization/assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and disposition and outcomes of sepsis. Figures show the inflammatory and thrombotic response to infection, the action of nitric oxide on vascular smooth muscle cells, accelerated glycolysis and increased lactate production as a result of the catecholamine surge seen in septic shock, sepsis mortality associated with number of organ failures identified in the emergency department (ED), and protocolized therapy for septic shock. Tables list definitions of sepsis syndromes; frequently cited scoring systems for mortality prediction in emergency department patients with sepsis; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score; current recommendations regarding treatment bundles at 3 and 6 hours of resuscitation; antibiotic recommendations based on suspected source; and vasopressors used in septic shock with recommended dosing, mechanism of action, and indications.

This review contains 5 figures, 7 tables, and 57 references.
Keywords: Sepsis; Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, definitions, SEP-1 sepsis quality measure, time-to-antibiotics, volume resuscitation, lactated ringers
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Beck Anna C , Sugg Sonia L
Published: January 2021

The clinical presentation and genetic mutations associated with parathyroid cancer are reviewed. Surgery, other treatment modalities, and outcomes are discussed.
This review contains 1 table and 19 references.
Key Words: CDC73-related parathyroid carcinoma, denosumab, HRPT2 germline mutation, hyperparthyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, parathyroid carcinoma
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Epstein Laurence M. , Kumar Saurabh
Published: January 2021

Supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) comprise a group of usually benign arrhythmias that originate from cardiac tissue at or above the His bundle. SVTs include inappropriate sinus tachycardia, atrial tachycardias (ATs), atrial flutter (AFL), junctional tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), and forms of accessory pathway–mediated reentrant tachycardias (atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia [AVRT]). Although mostly benign, symptoms can be debilitating, in the form of palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, dizziness, and/or syncope; rarely, SVTs can result in cardiomyopathy due to incessant arrhythmia. This review covers the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and classification of SVTs. 
This review contains 14 figures, 17 tables, and 61 references.
Keywords: Supraventricular tachycardia, cardioversion, arrhythmia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, MAZE procedure, catheter ablation
Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Ling Geoffrey S.F. , Datta Mohit
Published: January 2021

Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries are significant causes of permanent disability and death. In 2010, 823,000 traumatic brain injuries were reported in the United States alone; in fact, the actual number is likely considerably higher because mild traumatic brain injuries and concussions are underreported. The number of new traumatic spinal cord injuries has been estimated at 12,000 annually. Survival from these injuries has increased due to improvements in medical care. This review covers mild traumatic brain injury and concussion, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and traumatic spinal cord injury. Figures include computed tomography scans showing a frontal contusion, diffuse cerebral edema and intracranial air from a gunshot wound, a subdural hematoma, an epidural hematoma, a skull fracture with epidural hematoma, and a spinal fracture from a gunshot wound. Tables list requirements for players with concussion, key guidelines for prehospital management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, key guidelines for management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, brain herniation brain code, key clinical practice guidelines for managing cervical spine and spinal cord injury, and the American Spinal Injury Association’s neurologic classification of spinal cord injury.
This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 12 tables, and 55 references.
COVID-19: Exploring the Disease Transmission Dynamics
Authors: Nikhra Vinod
Published: January 2021

The Immuno-Thrombo-Inflammatory Disease: COVID-19 is an acute immuno-thrombogenic inflammatory viral disease manifested by dysfunctions related to multiple organs involved in its pathogenesis. Its incidence and prevalence is related to environmental viability of the virus, various transmission factors associated with the agent and the host, possible modes of transmission, period of infectiousness, and composition and susceptibility of the population. Whereas respiratory route is dominant mode of transmission, transmission through direct contact and fomite transmission do occur. SARS-CoV-2: Understanding the Agent Factors: Understanding of SARS-CoV-2 or hCoV-19 structural components is important for understanding the dynamics of the disease transmission and propagation. The virus has a lipid shell, a singlestranded RNA genome containing 29891 nucleotides, spike, envelope, and membrane and hemagglutinin-esterase dimer proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 structural components have been related to the COVID-19 pathogenic mechanisms. The Kinetics of Transmission and Propagation: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to cause COVID-19 requires that a minimum but unknown dose of replication-competent virus be delivered to an appropriate anatomical site in a susceptible and vulnerable host. A combination of various agent (viral), host, and environmental factors influence the transmission and course of the disease. Fear, Confusion, and Impact on Mass Behavior: The un-relented spread of COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health concern threatening general and mental health and safety of the human life all over the globe. The associated anxiety and emotional stress levels are often high. The healthcare professionals, too, suffer with various concerns like long and strenuous working hours, being able to provide competent medical care, their safety at the workplace and taking the infection home to their family, and uncertainty about their organizational support for their personal and family needs. Conclusion: The Lessons for Pandemic Control: The human subjects produce respiratory droplets ranging from 0.1 to 1000µm. Depending on droplet size, inertia, gravity, and evaporation factors, the emitted droplets and aerosols disperse in air. There are two obvious transmission pathways: the airborne inhalation and contracting through the contaminated surfaces. It appears that the contaminated surfaces may play less significant role as compared to the infected airborne droplets and the aerosol in the disease transmission.
Factors influencing employee’s quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mulyani Indah , Rahardjo Wahyu , Andriani Inge , Qomariyah Nurul
Published: January 2021

One result of the COVID-19 pandemic for the wider community, especially employees, is the need to carry out physical distancing in the form of work from home. This phenomenon certainly has consequences on the quality of life felt by employees. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the quality of life of employees who work from home is influenced by variables such as type D personality, anxiety, technology overload, and work-life balance. Participants in this study were 486 employees living in Jakarta Greater Area who worked from home because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling using online questionnaire. Measurements were made using a measuring tool from each variable using a quantitative approach. Hierarchical regression is used as a data analysis technique. The findings of this research show that all independent variables have an influence on quality of life. However, anxiety has the smallest influence and type D personality has the greatest effect. Meanwhile, like work-life balance, technology overload has positive effect on quality of life. That is, internal and external factors can have different effects on the quality of life felt by employees who work from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kawasan Sepakat: “Modernisasi Dari Peri-Urbanisasi” Kota Pontianak
Authors: Ginting Eginta Sai Sari , Darmawan Diaz Restu , Efriani Efriani , Novianti Nadia
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas perubahan yang terjadi di Kawasan sepakat semenjak dibukanya wilayah itu menjadi Kawasan Pendidikan dan menjadi wilayah kecamatan baru. Penelitian ini dilakukan dikawasan Sepakat, Desa Bansir Darat, Kabupaten Pontianak Tenggara, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode observasi dan wawancara. Temuan penelitian dianalisa dengan teori pembangunan Rostow. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan wilayah Sepakat merupakan wilayah pendidikan pinggiran kota (peri-urbanisasi), yang mengalami perubahan terus-menerus dilatarbelakangi oleh kemajuan masyarakat urban untuk mengubah lingkungan Sepakat. Masyarakat urban mengidentifikasi Sepakat sebagai lokasi strategis dari target ekonomi yang dinamis. Kemajuan masyarakat urban di lingkungan Sepakat telah membuat masyarakat asli mengikuti jejak yang sama. Masyarakat lokal merubah haluan perekonomian mereka menjadi seperti masyarakat pendatang. Meninggalkan pola kehidupan masyarakat agraris yang hidup mengikuti lingkungan, ikut menjadi masyarakat modern yang terjebak ke dalam kebutuhan materialis.
The Relationship of the Andragogy Approach With Learning Motivation in Automotive Training at the Working Center of Training Padang City
Authors: Handarman Rifo , Irmawita Irmawita
Published: January 2021

This research is motivated by the low learning motivation of the trainees, where the approach used by the trainer has not encouraged the enthusiasm of the participants to take part in the training. This study aims to determine how much the relationship between the andragogical approach and learning motivation in automotive training at the Job Training Center in Padang City. This type of research is descriptive correlational. The population of this study were all 32 participants of the Automotive Training. The sampling technique used Stratified Random Sampling by taking a sample of 65% of the population, so the research sample was 22 people. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The data analysis used was correlation with spearmen. The results showed that (1) the andragogic approach was classified as good, (2) the training participants' learning motivation was good and (3) there was a relationship between the andragogical approach and learning motivation in automatic training at the Padang City Job Training Center.Keywords: andragogical approach, learning motivation
The origins of the teacher’s worldview culture and ethics formation in northern Russia
Authors: Nikolaeva Alla Dmitrievna , Bugaeva Aya Petrovna , Shadrina Sofia Nikolaevna , Marfusalova Venera Petrovna
Published: January 2021

The relevance of this study is due to the question of the teacher’s worldview culture and ethics formation while nurturing the human capital in the conditions of Northern Russia. The study aims to identify the value foundations that underlie the ethno-pedagogical experience of generations. The study identifies and justifies the origins of the teacher’s philosophical culture and ethics formation and the value foundations that underlie the ethno-pedagogical experience, which ensures the transfer of spiritual and moral experience from generation to generation. The results of the study can be useful for school and university teachers, who can influence the formation of the students’ (future teachers’) ethics and worldview culture. The findings may also help predict trends in the development of teacher training system in modern conditions.
FUNGSI RAGAM HIAS TEMPAYAN MARTAVAN PADA MASYARAKAT TIONGHOA JAKARTA
Authors: Restiyati Diyah Wara
Published: January 2021

Tempayan martavan merupakan warisan budaya yang merepresentasikan identitas budaya Tionghoa terutama dengan ragam hias yang digambarkan pada permukaan wadah tersebut. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan tentang fungsi ragam hias tempayan martavan. Apakah masyarakat Tionghoa memfungsikan tempayan martavan sesuai dengan makna nilai-nilai luhur dari ragam hiasnya? Berdasarkan dari pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui fungsi dan makna ragam hias yang terkait dengan kepercayaan leluhur masyarakat Tionghoa di Jakarta. Penelitian mengenai tempayan martavan ini menggunakan pendekatan antropologi simbolik untuk mengetahui motif, pola, ragam hias, nilai filosofi dan fungsi martavan di dalam masyarakat Tionghoa di Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan terlibat serta kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masyarakat Tionghoa di Jakarta, ragam hias ini mengandung makna nilai-nilai luhur dalam kepercayaan, yaitu Buddha, Khong Hu Cu dan Tao (disebut dengan Tridharma/Sam Kauw).

Martavan as a cultural heritage represent cultural identity of Chinese, mostly with the motifs in its surface. This research problem appoint the function of ornamental variety on martavan jars. Did the Chinese put into function the martavan jars according to the meaning of the noble values of the decoration? Based on these questions, the research was conducted to determine the function and meaning of decorative styles associated with the ancestral beliefs of the Chinese community in Jakarta. This research used a symbolic anthropological approach to confirm the motives, patterns, decorations, philosophical values and functions of martavan in Chinese society in Jakarta. The data collection technique in this study used in-depth interview, observation and literature review. The results showed that in the Chinese community of Jakarta, this decoration contains the meaning of noble values in belief, namely Buddha, Confucianism and Taoism (called Tridharma/Sam Kauw).
Indicators Of Land Rights Certificate Cancellation Caused By Overlapping Rights As Administration Failure
Authors: Wulandari Suhani
Published: January 2021

Land registration which aims to provide legal certainty for the ownership of a person's land parcel, which is in the form of a certificate of land title, in the issuance of which there may be errors resulting in two certificates or overlapping so that one certificate can be ascertained that it contains administrative defects, in handling the dispute case settlement refers to the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/KaBPN Number 11 of 2016 article 24 paragraph (7).This study aims to determine, land title certificate can be said to be administratively flawed, Implementation of cancellation of land title certificate due to administrative defect errors at the Regional Office of BPN Lampung Province and the Land Office. This research uses empirical normative juridical research method. The research approach uses a statutory, analytical and participatory approach. Data analysis uses primary and secondary data to draw conclusions using inductive logic. The results show that in order to resolve dispute cases with an overlapping typology of land title certificates, it is necessary to cancel one of the certificates issued in the latest year, because it can be ascertained that it contains errors in its issuance so that it becomes an administrative defect. And tthe cancellation of the certificate of land title is carried out on the basis of a public complaint or BPN initiative, with a request submitted by the Land Office, the Land Office carries out data collection activities, analysis accompanied by Case Handling Progress Report to be submitted to the Regional Office, at the Regional Office Assessment, Field Research, Exposure, Case Settlement Reports and the issuance of a Decree on the Cancellation are then submitted to the Land Office for announcement and deletion in the Land Office data base.
Crescimento de bananeira ‘BRS Vitória’ sob adubações nitrogenada e potássica
Authors: Bezerra Fabiano Simplicio , Oliveira Neto Otávio do Carmo de , Mendonça Rejane Maria Nunes , Silva Silvanda de Melo , Souza Adailson Pereira de , Araújo Raunira da Costa
Published: January 2021

A bananicultura apresenta grande importância socioeconômica para o Brasil, gerando vários empregos diretos e indiretos. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das adubações com nitrogênio e potássio no crescimento vegetativo da bananeira ‘BRS Vitória’. O trabalho foi realizado no setor de agricultura do Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, município de Bananeiras, estado da Paraíba, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial conforme a matriz Plan Plueba III, com cinco doses de N (15, 90; 150; 210 e 285 g por planta) e cinco doses de K2O (24; 144; 240; 336 e 456 g por planta). Nas análises de crescimento foram avaliadas altura do pseudocaule, diâmetro do pseudocaule e taxas de crescimento absoluto da altura e do diâmetro do pseudocaule. A dose de 133,3 g por planta de nitrogênio proporcionou altura máxima de 3,7 m para a bananeira ‘BRS Vitória’ no lançamento da inflorescência. Recomenda-se utilizar a combinação das doses de 200 g por planta de nitrogênio e 312,5 g por planta de potássio, para maior crescimento vegetativo da bananeira ‘BRS Vitória’.
Caracterização da variabilidade fenotípica de planta em geração F5 de pimenteira ornamental (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Guedes João Felipe da Silva , Rêgo Elizanilda Ramalho do , Pessoa Angela Maria dos Santos , Souza Karla Nascimento de , Rêgo Mailson Monteiro do
Published: January 2021

As pimenteiras apresentam ampla diversidade contribuindo para seu uso como planta ornamental. Objetivou-se neste trabalho estimar uma geração F5 de pimenteiras ornamentais (Capsicum annuum L.) quanto suas características de planta com base em descritores qualitativos. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCA/UFPB), Areia/PB, avaliou-se 4 populações segregantes F5 (56.8), (56.26), (17.15) e (55.50). Utilizou-se 8 descritores: cor do caule (CC), presença de antocianina (ANTO), forma do caule (FC), pubescência do caule (PBC), hábito de crescimento (HC), densidade de ramificação (DR), forma da folha (FF) e cor da folha (CF). Os dados analisados através de estatística descritiva e expressos em porcentagem. Os caracteres de antocianina nodal, pubescência do caule e forma da folha foram monomórficos nas 4 famílias avaliadas. A forma do caule variou apenas na família 56.26, formando duas classes: cilíndrico e angular. Densidade de ramificação variou nas famílias 17.15 e 55.50 formando duas classes: intermediária e escassa. A cor do caule variou nas 4 famílias formando duas classes: verde com manchas púrpuras e roxo. O hábito de crescimento variou nas 4 famílias, formando duas classes: intermediária e ereta. A cor da folha variou entre e dentro as 4 famílias formando três classes: variegada, verde escuro e roxa. Houve variabilidade para os caracteres de planta avaliados, sendo importante a sua utilização e caracterização em acessos de pimenteiras ornamentais, possibilitando a seleção entre e dentro de famílias para caracteres que atendem as necessidades e demanda do mercado.
Elaboração de doce leite de cabra light
Authors: Barros Nara Vanessa dos Anjos , Silva Darkianne Leite da , Gonçalves Maria Aurilene Feitosa de Moura , Santos Gleyson Moura dos , Sousa Paulo Víctor de Lima , Melo Natália Quaresma Costa
Published: January 2021

O doce de leite é um produto lácteo produzido basicamente a partir da desidratação do leite líquido e/ou reconstituído, no qual é adicionada a sacarose e submetido à condições de temperatura e pressão, podendo variar de acordo com o fabricante. O objetivo com o presente estudo foi elaborar um doce light de leite de cabra e analisar a composição centesimal (teor de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios e carboidratos), qualidade microbiológica, aceitação sensorial e preferência do produto. Foram elaboradas duas formulações de doce, sendo uma padrão (controle) e F1 (light, com adição do edulcorante e pectina). As amostras de doce de leite foram analisadas quanto à composição centesimal, qualidade microbiológica (coliformes termotolerantes e pesquisa de Salmonella spp) e as características sensoriais utilizando-se os testes afetivos de escala hedônica e pareado preferência. Obteve-se uma formulação com teor reduzido de carboidratos, que pode ser caracterizada como light para este nutriente. As formulações desenvolvidas estavam de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Pode-se observar que tanto a amostra padrão como a light de doce de leite de cabra apresentaram uma boa aceitação global e intenção de compra, e não apresentaram diferença significativa (t = 0,95; p = 0,6220) entre as mesmas. Diante disto, o produto desenvolvido apresentou uma boa aceitação e viabilidade para a comercialização, com boa qualidade microbiológica, além de apresentar uma redução no teor de carboidratos, tornando-se uma opção para os indivíduos que necessitam de alimentos para fins especiais ou que buscam uma alimentação mais saudável.
Crescimento e produtividade do crambe em resposta à calagem e ao espaçamento entre fileiras
Authors: Branquinho Rodrigo Gomes , Alves José Milton
Published: January 2021

O crambe é uma espécie vegetal oleaginosa potencial fornecedora de matéria prima para biodiesel. No Brasil, seu cultivo é incipiente, sendo necessárias informações relativas ao manejo da cultura. Assim, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de quatro espaçamentos entre linhas (0,15; 0,30; 0,45; e 0,60 m) e três níveis de calagem (0; 1.500; e 3.000 kg ha-1 de calcário) sobre o crescimento e produtividade da cultura do crambe. O experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de campo na área experimental de agroenergia do IF Goiano, campus Rio Verde, GO. Foram realizadas coletas e pesagens da parte aérea e das raízes 60 dias após a emergência, com a finalidade de acompanhar o crescimento das plantas. Por ocasião do final do ciclo da cultura, 77 dias após a emergência, as plantas da área útil, compreendidas em 1 m2, foram coletadas para a obtenção da produtividade de grãos, peso de 100 sementes e massa seca da parte aérea produzida por área. Dessas plantas, dez foram tomadas ao acaso para contagem do número de galhos. Os resultados indicaram que plantas com fileiras espaçadas em 0,60 m apresentaram maior crescimento individual que aquelas com fileiras espaçadas em 0,15 m; porém, o espaçamento de 0,15 m propicia maior produção de parte aérea por área comparado ao espaçamento de 0,60 m. A aplicação de 1500 kg ha-1 de calcário propicia maior crescimento individual das plantas aos 60 dias após a emergência, comparado a aplicação de 3000 kg ha-1 de calcário. Maior produtividade de grãos é conseguida com a aplicação de 3000 kg ha-1 de calcário e espaçamento entre fileiras de 0,30 m. As quantidades de calcário avaliadas, no entanto, não influenciaram na massa da parte aérea produzida por área.
ADVISORY OPINION AND PRELIMINARY RULING PROCEDURE – A COMPARATIVE AND CONTEXTUAL NOTE
Authors: Daka Marija
Published: January 2021

The apropos of this article is Additional Protocol No. 16 complementing to the European Convention on Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms that recently came into force. This paper presents the main common and differing elements of two non-contentious procedures before supranational courts. The advisory opinion procedure of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the preliminary ruling procedure marked by unprecedented success before the Court of Justice of the European Union, -as at least prima facie- similar types of proceedings. The paper also analyses cross-cutting issues arising from the application of both procedures in the same case arising before designated national court or tribunal. Although the purpose of the advisory opinion is to achieve and maintain efficiency bearing in mind that the ECtHR is victim of its own success the paper outlines some of serious doubts and assumptions whether in current format and in foreseeable future this purpose will be achieved. Furthermore, the paper also takes a closer look at the procedural aspects of the first advisory opinion delivered by ECtHR given its importance as we can draw at least some conclusions on the functioning of this type of procedure. Lastly, the paper -in comparative spirit- also refers to the relationship of the ECHR and the European Union Law as the two main trustees within the European multilevel system of rights protection.