bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanozybiotics: Advancing Antimicrobial Strategies Through Biomimetic Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Caiyu , Wang Qian , Cao Haolin , Jiang Jing , Gao Lizeng
Published: June 2024

Infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens present significant global health challenges. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance exacerbates this issue, leading to a scenario where effective antibiotics are increasingly scarce. Traditional antibiotic development strategies are proving inadequate against the swift evolution of microbial resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial strategies with mechanisms distinct from those of existing antibiotics. Nanozybiotics, which are nanozyme‐based antimicrobials, mimic the catalytic action of lysosomal enzymes in innate immune cells to kill infectious pathogens. This review reinforces the concept of nanozymes and provides a comprehensive summary of recent research advancements on potential antimicrobial candidates. Initially, nanozybiotics are categorized based on their activities, mimicking either oxidoreductase‐like or hydrolase‐like functions, thereby highlighting their superior mechanisms in combating antimicrobial resistance. The review then discusses the progress of nanozybiotics in treating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, confirming their potential as novel antimicrobial candidates. The translational potential of nanozybiotic‐based products, including hydrogels, nanorobots, sprays, bandages, masks, and protective clothing, is also considered. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of nanozybiotic‐related products are explored, emphasizing the design and antimicrobial capabilities of nanozybiotics for future applications.
Self‐Assembled Aza‐Boron‐Dipyrromethene‐Based H2S Prodrug for Synergistic Ferroptosis‐Enabled Gas and Sonodynamic Tumor Therapies
Authors: Zhao Jiajia , Bian Erbao , Zhang Renwu , Xu Tao , Nie Yang , Wang Linqi , Jin Gui , Xie Han , Xiang Huijing , Chen Yu , Wu Dejun
Published: June 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of gliomas of the central nervous system. The efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against GBM is significantly reduced by the expression of apoptosis‐inhibitory proteins in GBM cells. In this study, an intelligent nanoplatform (denoted as Aza‐BD@PC NPs) based on the aza‐boron‐dipyrromethene dye and phenyl chlorothionocarbonate‐modified DSPE‐PEG molecules is developed for synergistic ferroptosis‐enabled gas therapy (GT) and SDT of GBM. Once internalized by GBM cells, Aza‐BD@PC NPs showed effective cysteine (Cys) consumption and Cys‐triggered hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release for ferroptosis‐enabled GT, thereby disrupting homeostasis in the intracellular environment, affecting GBM cell metabolism, and inhibiting GBM cell proliferation. Additionally, the released Aza‐BD generated abundant singlet oxygen (1O2) under ultrasound irradiation for favorable SDT. In vivo and in vitro evaluations demonstrated that the combined functions of Cys consumption, H2S production, and 1O2 production induced significant death of GBM cells and markedly inhibited tumor growth, with an impressive inhibition rate of up to 97.5%. Collectively, this study constructed a cascade nanoreactor with satisfactory Cys depletion performance, excellent H2S release capability, and prominent reactive oxygen species production ability under ultrasound irradiation for the synergistic ferroptosis‐enabled GT and SDT of gliomas.
Sensory Nerve Regulation via H3K27 Demethylation Revealed in Akermanite Composite Microspheres Repairing Maxillofacial Bone Defect
Authors: Gu Kaijun , Tan Yu , Li Sitong , Chen Siyue , Lin Kaili , Tang Yanmei , Zhu Min
Published: June 2024

Maxillofacial bone defects exhibit intricate anatomy and irregular morphology, presenting challenges for effective treatment. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing an injectable bioactive composite microsphere, termed D‐P‐Ak (polydopamine‐PLGA‐akermanite), designed to fit within the defect site while minimizing injury. The D‐P‐Ak microspheres biodegraded gradually, releasing calcium, magnesium, and silicon ions, which, notably, not only directly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) but also activated sensory nerve cells to secrete calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), a key factor in bone repair. Moreover, the released CGRP enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through epigenetic methylation modification. Specifically, inhibition of EZH2 and enhancement of KDM6A reduced the trimethylation level of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), thereby activating the transcription of osteogenic genes such as Runx2 and Osx. The efficacy of the bioactive microspheres in bone repair is validated in a rat mandibular defect model, demonstrating that peripheral nerve response facilitates bone regeneration through epigenetic modification. These findings illuminated a novel strategy for constructing neuroactive osteo‐inductive biomaterials with potential for further clinical applications.
Artificial Neutrophils Against Vascular Graft Infection
Authors: Jiang Wentao , Xu Huizi , Gao Zheng , Wu Ziyu , Zhao Zichun , Wang Jun , Wu Yawen , Ke Haifeng , Mao Chun , Wan Mimi , Zhou Min
Published: June 2024

Efficient neutrophil migration to infection sites plays a vital role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and natural immune responses. Neutrophils have a short lifespan and cannot be mass‐cultured in vitro. Therefore, developing more stable artificial neutrophils (AN) in a controllable manner has become a research focus. However, existing AN lack chemotaxis, which is the ability to migrate toward high‐signal‐concentration positions in a dynamic blood‐ flow environment. Supplying AN with chemotaxis is key to designing AN that are more similar to natural neutrophils in terms of morphology and function. In this study, micrometer‐sized, spherical, biocompatible AN are developed. These AN consist of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoparticles encapsulating two enzymes, coacervate droplet frameworks, and outer phospholipid bilayers carrying enzymes. The AN exhibit responsiveness to elevated hydrogen peroxide levels at inflammation sites, actively chemotaxing toward these sites along concentration gradients. They also demonstrate effective combat against Staphylococcus aureus infections. The capabilities of the AN are further validated through in vitro experiments and in vivo evaluations using vascular graft infection models. This study replicates natural neutrophils in terms of chemical composition, functionality, and physiological impact. It introduces new ideas for advancing the development of advanced artificial cells.
Public agricultural research, political economy, and climate change: A literature review
Authors: Miao Ruiqing , Ulucak Recep , Zilberman David
Published: June 2024

Impacted by both economic and political forces, agricultural research serves as a critical approach to alleviating the adverse effects of climate change. Focusing on public agricultural research in the United States, this paper provides a literature review on research and development from the perspectives of the market environment and political economy. It also examines the current assessment of agricultural research effectiveness in addressing the challenges of climate change. A bibliometric analysis is conducted to appreciate the knowledge dynamics in the nexus of agricultural research, political economy, and climate change. Future research directions related to public agricultural research are discussed.
Full‐color‐tunable chiral aggregation‐induced emission fluorophores with tailored propeller chirality and their circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Li Yifan , Liang Junhao , Fu Shiwei , Huang Haoxin , Liu Sheng , Wang Lei , Liu Yi
Published: June 2024

The regulation of emission color, emission efficiency, and asymmetry factor is of great significance for the real applications of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials. Herein, we develop a modular synthetic strategy toward full‐color‐tunable CPL materials based on chiral macrocyclic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens via delicate molecular engineering. Modular synthesis of chiral AIEgens with different acceptor moieties has afforded a series of bright solid emitters with tunable emission colors. These chiral cyclic AIEgens have retained high solid‐state emission quantum yield and displayed CPL emission from blue to red as nano‐aggregates, in liquid crystal matrix and polymer film. The strong acceptor units in the red‐emitting chiral AIEgens RBTPE‐2CN and SBTPE‐2CN have rendered them twisted intramolecular charge transfer properties and solvatochromic luminescence. And polymer matrix with different polarity further facilitates the tuning of CPL emission color from green to red emission. These results have paved a reliable approach toward constructing full‐spectra solid‐state CPL material.
Long‐term impact of type 2 diabetes onset on dementia incidence rate among New Zealanders with impaired glucose tolerance: A tapered‐matched landmark analysis over 25 years
Authors: Yu Dahai , Wang Zheng , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi , Pickering Karen , Baker John , Cutfield Richard , Cai Yamei , Orr‐Walker Brandon J. , Sundborn Gerhard , Qu Bingjie , Zhao Zhanzheng , Simmons David
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to investigate the association between the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dementia incidence rates (IR) in the population with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) identified in primary care in New Zealand (NZ) over 25 years.

METHODS

Tapered matching and landmark analysis (accounting for immortal bias) were used to control for potential effects of known confounders. The association between T2D onset and 5‐ and 10‐year IR of dementia was estimated by weighted Cox models.

RESULTS

The onset of T2D was significantly associated with the 10‐year IR of dementia, especially in the socioeconomically deprived, those of non‐NZ European ethnicity, those currently smoking, and patients with higher metabolic measures.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that the onset of T2D is a significant risk factor for dementia in individuals with IGT. Dementia screening and structured diabetes prevention are vital in the population with IGT, particularly those from deprived or ethnic minority backgrounds.

Highlights

Increased dementia incidence rate links with T2D onset in people with IGT.

Significant incidence varied by ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and health factors.

Results emphasize the diabetes manage and socioeconomic factors on dementia risk.

Secondary analysis highlights the key role of vascular health in dementia prevention.
Gender‐specific analysis of social connection patterns and risk of dementia in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Htun Htet Lin , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Ryan Joanne , Owen Alice J. , Woods Robyn L. , Chong Trevor T.‐J. , Murray Anne M. , Shah Raj C. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Freak‐Poli Rosanne
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Poor social connection is considered a risk factor for dementia. Since socializing behaviors may cluster together or act compensatorily, we aimed to investigate social connection patterns and their association with dementia, for men and women separately.

METHODS

A total of 12,896 community‐dwelling older adults (mean ± SD age: 75.2 ± 4.3 years, 54% women) without major cognitive impairment were included. Latent class analysis was conducted using 24 baseline social connection indicators. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between latent classes and incident dementia over 12 (median: 8.4) years follow‐up.

RESULTS

Three distinct classes were identified in both genders: strong social connections with an intermediate friend‐relative network (Class 1: men, 43.8%; women, 37.9%), weak social connections (Class 2: men, 29.6%; women, 27.4%), and strong social connections with a larger friend‐relative network (Class 3: men, 26.6%; women, 34.7%). Compared to Class 1, men in Class 2 (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.77) and women in Class 3 (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.60) had an increased risk of dementia.

DISCUSSION

Dementia risk varies with different social connection patterns among older men and women.

Highlights

Three distinct social connection patterns were identified based on 24 indicators.

These patterns were related to dementia risk differently in men and women.

In men, a weak social connection pattern was associated with a higher dementia risk.

In women, a strong social connection with a relatively larger friend‐relative network was associated with a greater dementia risk.
Influence of ear tags on the results of body composition analysis in mice
Authors: Liu He , Zhang Yinghua , Zhang Peng , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan , Li Yushu , Wang Dan
Published: June 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of marking methods on the outcomes of body composition analysis and provide guidance for the selection of marking methods in mouse body composition analysis.

Methods

Male C57BL/6J mice aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned for pre‐ and post‐ ear tagging measurements. The body composition of the mice was measured using a small animal body composition analyzer, which provided measurements of the mass of fat, lean, and free fluid. Then, the mass of fat, lean and free fluid to body weight ratio was gained. Further data analysis was conducted to obtain the range and coefficient of variation in body composition measurements for each mouse. The distribution of fat and lean tissue in the mice was also analyzed by comparing the fat‐to‐lean ratio.

Results

(1) The mass of all body composition components in the ear tagging group was significantly lower than that in the control group. (2) There was a significant increase in the range and coefficient of variation of body composition measurements between the ear tagging group and the control group. (3) The fat‐to‐lean ratio in the ear tagging group was significantly lower than that in the control group.

Conclusions

Ear tagging significantly lowered the results of body composition analysis in mice and higher the results of measurement error. Therefore, ear tagging should be avoided as much as possible when conducting body composition analysis experiments in mice.
A well‐managed case of discontinuous anorectal injury caused by a personal watercraft treated by combining surgery and colonoscopy
Authors: Okuzawa Hiraaki , Endo Akira , Akutsu Tomohiro , Suzuki Keisuke , Hoshi Hiromasa , Kato Shunichiro , Ito Koji , Otomo Yasuhiro , Morishita Koji
Published: June 2024

Background

Anorectal injury caused by personal watercraft (PWC)‐related trauma is rare. However, PWC accidents have increased recently, and since patients tend to be younger, treatment strategies should consider anal function preservation in addition to saving lives.

Case Presentation

A 30‐year‐old female patient who fell into the water when a PWC suddenly accelerated and injured her perineum with a forceful water jet was transported to our hospital. On examination, she was diagnosed with a traumatic rectal perforation with intraperitoneal findings and an anorectal injury. Emergency surgery, which involved direct suturing, temporary colostomy with intraoperative endoscopy for the rectal perforation, and anorectal reconstruction, was performed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 19 without complications, and the colostomy was closed 5 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

We encountered a case of multiple noncontinuous anorectal injuries due to a PWC accident that was successfully treated using a combination of surgery and intraoperative endoscopy.
Elucidating the Discrepancy between the Intrinsic Structural Instability and the Apparent Catalytic Steadiness of M‐N‐C Catalysts toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cai Jinyan , Hao Xiaobin , Bian Zenan , Wu Yishang , Wei Cong , Yin Xuanwei , Liu Bo , Fang Ming , Lv Youming , Xie Yufang , Fang Yanyan , Wang Gongming
Published: June 2024

Despite the widespread investigations on the M‐N‐C type single atom catalysts (SACs) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an internal conflict between its intrinsic thermodynamically structural instability and apparent catalytic steadiness has long been ignored. Clearly unfolding this contradiction is necessary and meaningful for understanding the real structure‐property relation of SACs. Herein, by using the well‐designed pH‐dependent metal leaching experiments and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, an unconventional structure reconstruction of M‐N‐C catalyst during OER process was observed. Combining with density functional theory calculations, the initial Ni−N coordination is easily broken in the presence of adsorbed OH*, leading to favorable formation of Ni−O coordination. The formed Ni−O works stably as the real active center for OER catalysis in alkaline media but unstably in acid, which clearly explains the existing conflict. Unveiling the internal contradiction between structural instability and catalytic steadiness provides valuable insights for rational design of single atom OER catalysts.
Controlling Disinfection Byproducts at Maine Water's Mirror Lake Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Malenfant Anne , Ames Michael
Published: June 2024

Key Takeaways

With elevated disinfection byproduct (DBP) levels in its distribution system, a water treatment plant in Maine worked with an engineering consultant to develop solutions and avoid possible regulatory violations.

Four mitigation options were determined—two of them immediate and two long‐term, with the chosen strategy being premembrane coagulation.

Recommendations from the success of the DBP mitigation project include being proactive, collaborating with team members and outside experts, and planning for resilience.
Advancing Cobalt‐Free Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Electrochemical Model Refinement and Experimental Parametrization of LNMO|Gr Cells with Gel Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Daems Kato , Román Victor , de Meatza Iratxe , Ayerbe Elixabete , Dermenci Kamil B. , Van Mierlo Joeri , Berecibar Maitane
Published: June 2024

Developing new battery configurations is a time‐consuming process, electrochemical models can be employed to expedite the process by predicting the performance of battery designs. An electrochemical pseudo‐two‐dimensional modeling framework is created for both LNMO|LiPF6 in EC/PC/sulfolane|Gr and LNMO|PVdF GPE with 1.15 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/FEC/sulfolane|Gr configurations with gelifiable electrodes, leveraging the experimental characterization of battery components for enhanced accuracy. Parametrization experiments include quasi‐open circuit potential, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, microscopy and the four‐point resistance method. The modeling framework is initiated at full coin cell level and subsequently extended to encompass monolayered, 200 mAh and 500 mAh multilayered pouch cells. Experimental validation, through voltage‐capacity measurements, ensures the accuracy of the models. The discharge curves indicate that cells incorporating GPE show similar performance with liquid electrolytes. The impact of increasing current rates on performance is examined by scrutinizing the polarization trends during discharge and the Li‐ion concentration in the electrolyte phase. Elevated C‐rates induce heightened polarization, detrimentally influencing performance. Importantly, the developed model for full coin cells can be seamlessly expanded to encompass 500 mAh multilayered pouch cells without requiring additional component characterization. This versatility allows the modeling framework to be a valuable tool for evaluating the performance of battery configurations at higher levels.
Protective effects of selegiline against amyloid beta‐induced anxiety‐like behavior and memory impairment
Authors: Mohamadpour Behnam , Mirazi Naser , Komaki Alireza , Basir Hamid Shokati , Hosseini Abdolkarim
Published: June 2024

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and common neurodegenerative disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of selegiline (SEL) on various aspects of memory performance, anxiety, and oxidative stress in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta1‐42 (Aβ1‐42).

Methods

Oral administration of SEL at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day was performed for 30 consecutive days. Following the 30 days, several tests, including the open‐field, elevated plus‐maze, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and passive avoidance learning were conducted to assess locomotor activity, anxiety‐like behavior, recognition memory, spatial memory, and passive avoidance memory, respectively.

Results

The results indicate that the induction of AD in rats led to recognition memory, spatial memory, and passive avoidance memory impairments, as well as increased anxiety. Additionally, the AD rats exhibited a decrease in total antioxidant capacity and an increase in total oxidant status levels, suggesting an imbalance in oxidative‐antioxidant status. However, the administration of SEL improved memory performance, reduced anxiety, and modulated oxidative‐antioxidant status in AD rats.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence that SEL may alleviate anxiety‐like behavior and cognitive deficits induced by Aβ through modulation of oxidative‐antioxidant status.
Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy as third‐ or further‐line therapy for stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer patients with ECOG performance status 2: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Shuo , Yu Ze‐Shun , Liu Hong‐Zhi , Li Shu‐Jing , Wang Ming‐Yue , Ning Fang‐Ling , Tian Li‐Jun
Published: June 2024

Background

Patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 2 probably cannot tolerate chemotherapy or other antitumor therapies. Some studies have reported that immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy is well‐tolerated and shows good antitumor activity. However, the efficacy of this combination as a later‐line therapy in patients with ECOG PS 2 is unclear. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this combination strategy as third‐ or further‐line therapy in stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with ECOG PS 2.

Methods

In this retrospective study, patients treated with camrelizumab plus antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab, anlotinib, or recombinant human endostatin) were included. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), quality of life (QOL) assessed by ECOG PS, and safety were analyzed.

Results

Between January 10, 2019, and February 28, 2024, a total of 59 patients were included. The ORR was 35.6% (21/59) and the DCR was 86.4%. With a median follow‐up of 10.5 months (range: 0.7–23.7), the median PFS was 5.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–7.3) and the median OS was 10.5 months (95% CI: 11.2–13.6). QOL was improved (≥1 reduction in ECOG PS) in 39 patients (66.1%). The most common Grade 3–4 treatment‐related adverse events were hepatic dysfunction (6 [10%]), hypertension (5 [8%]), and hypothyroidism (3 [5%]). There were no treatment‐related deaths.

Conclusions

Third‐ or further‐line immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy is well‐tolerated and shows good antitumor activity in stage IV NSCLC patients with ECOG PS 2. Future large‐scale prospective studies are required to confirm the clinical benefits of this combination therapy.
Infraspecific Chemical Variability and Metabolomic Profiling by Paper Spray Ionization (PSI‐MS) of Averrhoa carambola from Different Brazilian Biomes
Authors: Balbino Naará S. , Lima Nerilson M. , Machado Hugo G. , Lima Gesiane S. , Sousa Jean C. P. , Gontijo Vaz Boniek
Published: June 2024

This research focused on the molecular diversity of A. carambola collected from three Brazilian biomes (Cerrado, Amazônia, and Mata Atlântica), whose results revealed significant differences in metabolite profiles among these biomes through PSI‐MS analysis. Chemometric analysis provided valuable insights into the clustering patterns and metabolic distinctions. Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes exhibited a 70 % similarity, indicating a notable degree of resemblance. In Cerrado, carambolaside A was notably abundant, while carambolaside M was low in Amazônia and moderate in Cerrado samples. Carambolaside B was abundant in Amazônia but relatively low in the Cerrado and Mata Atlântica. In contrast, the Amazônia biome samples appeared to be more dissimilar. In Cerrado, epicatechin, kaempferol, and procyanidin B showed lower abundance, while apigenin, quercetin, myricetin, and rutin displayed moderate levels. Mata Atlântica showed relatively higher levels of kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin. This study indicated the environmental influence on secondary metabolites production in A. carambola fruits.
Unveiling the culprit: Exploring malignant thrombotic superior vena cava obstruction
Authors: Yingchoncharoen Pitchaporn , Ashour Firas , Bernal Romelia Barba , Abdelnabi Mahmoud
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case image describes the complex proposed etiologies of a case of superior vena cava syndrome. Hence, different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are needed in a multidisciplinary team approach.
Rare Mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterine cervix arising on a background of endometriosis: A diagnostic challenge with risk of malignant transformation—A case report and review of the current literature
Authors: Bruguier Hannah , Maalouf Natalie , Smyth Sarah Louise , Damato Stephen , Reddy Priyanka , Soleymani majd Hooman
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Endometriosis may contribute to Mullerian adenosarcoma development but makes diagnosis challenging given similar symptoms. Survival benefit has not been definitively shown for chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiotherapy, consolidating surgery as the mainstay treatment. Local excision may be a treatment option for patients with confined tumors wishing to preserve their fertility.
Gastric metastasis of renal cell carcinoma treated with endoscopic resection: A case report
Authors: Yamashita Kaori , Kubota Satoshi , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Yoshida Keita , Shiseki Takahiro , Sakamoto Tetsushi , Nakazawa Tadao , Inui Masashi
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Gastric metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rarely encountered. The time interval between the primary diagnosis of RCC and the occurrence of gastric metastasis tends to occur after more than 10 years. Clinicians should be diligent in checking the general symptoms of patients for more than 10 years.
Visible Light‐promoted C(sp3)‐H α‐Carbamoylation of Cyclic Ethers with Isocyanides
Authors: Russo Camilla , Volpe Carmine , Santoro Federica , Brancaccio Diego , Di Porzio Anna , Carotenuto Alfonso , Randazzo Antonio , Grimaud Laurence , Vitale Maxime R. , Protti Stefano , Giustiniano Mariateresa
Published: June 2024

A protocol exploiting isocyanides as carbamoylating agents for the α‐C(sp3)‐H functionalization of cyclic ethers has been optimized via a combined visible light‐driven hydrogen atom transfer/Lewis acid‐catalyzed approach. The isocyanide substrate scope revealed an exquisite functional group compatibility (18 examples, with yields up to 99 %). Both radical and polar trapping, kinetic isotopic effect and real‐time NMR studies support the mechanistic hypothesis and provide insightful details for the design of new chemical processes involving the generation of oxocarbenium ions.
A novel IFPWM‐based all‐digital transmitter architecture and FPGA implementation
Authors: Mehboob Rahman , Haque Muhammad Fahim Ul , Malik Tahir , Johansson Ted
Published: June 2024

The software‐defined radio (SDR) concept for wireless communications provides flexibility and simplicity, replacing most of the analog air interfaces. With all‐digital transmitters (ADT), the entire signal chain, from user input to frequency upconversion, can be implemented in the digital (programmable) domain, making it an ideal platform for SDR. ADTs depend heavily on the bitrate of the serializer to generate a specific frequency band with good Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR), however, the transmission frequency achieved is lower than half of the serializer's bitrate.

In this paper, we present a scalable ADT architecture capable of generating higher transmission frequencies with state‐of‐the‐art comparable ACLR and relatively low implementation complexity. A modified Pulse‐Width Pulse‐Position Modulation (M‐PWPM) scheme, based on the RF‐PWM principle, is derived, which provides an improved ACLR and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). The proposed transmitter architecture implemented on an Field‐Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) achieves ACLR of 32 dB and EVM below 2% at 14.72 GHz Tx frequency for a 20 MHz LTE signal. The obtained transmission frequency was achieved using a serializer operating at 28 Gbps, which is for the first time beyond the half of the serializer's bitrate. The proposed ADT architecture has the potential to be used with serializers beyond 28 Gbps bitrate, hence, achieving even higher transmission frequencies.
Magnetic properties of CrMnGen (n = 3–20) clusters
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhao Jun , Guo Junji , Chen Shanbao , Zhao Yapeng , Chen Jiaye , Wang Yarui , Liu Le , Wang Chaoyong , Liu Zhiqing
Published: June 2024

Due to the potential applications in next‐generation micro/nano electronic devices and functional materials, magnetic germanium (Ge)‐based clusters are receiving increasing attention. In this work, we reported the structures, electronic and magnetic properties of CrMnGen with sizes n = 3–20. Transition metals (TMs) of Cr and Mn tend to stay together and be surrounded by Ge atoms. Small sized clusters with n ≤ 8 prefer to adopt bipyramid‐based structures as the motifs with the excess Ge atoms absorbed on the surface. Starting from n = 9, the structure with one TM atom interior appears and persists until n = 16, and for larger sizes n = 17–20, the two TM atoms are full‐encapsulated by Ge atoms to form endohedral structures. The Hirshfeld population analyses show that Cr atom always acts as the electron donor, while Mn atom is always the acceptor except for sizes 3 and 6. The average binding energies of these clusters increase with cluster size n, sharing a very similar trend as that of CrMnSin (n = 4–20) clusters, which indicates that it is favorable to form large‐sized clusters. CrMnGen (n = 6, 13, 16, 19, and 20) clusters prefer to exhibit ferromagnetic Cr–Mn coupling, while the remaining clusters are ferrimagnetic.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients treated with laser balloon for atrial fibrillation: A high volume center experience with the first‐ and second‐generation laser balloon
Authors: Urbanek Lukas , Bordignon Stefano , Tohoku Shota , Hirokami Jun , Nagase Takahiko , Chen Shaojie , Schaack David , Chun K. R. Julian , Schmidt Boris
Published: June 2024

Background

Laser balloon (LB) pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established ablation technique for atrial fibrillation (AF). We report long‐term follow‐up and procedural data of LB‐PVI and we compare the first and second LB generation.

Methods

Patients undergoing LB ablation with first‐ (LB1) or second‐generation LB (LB2) for AF were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups. Procedural endpoint was complete PVI. Clinical success was defined as no recurrence of AF/atrial tachycardia after a 90 days blanking period.

Results

538 patients were included (age 66 ± 10 years, 58% paroxysmal AF), 427 in LB1 and 111 in LB2. 2079 PVs were targeted and 2073 (99.7%) were successfully isolated; 2027 (97.5%) using solely the LB. Additional touch‐up ablation was limited (46 PVs; 2.2%) with no difference between the groups. Procedural (LB1: 120 ± 33 minutes vs. LB2: 99 ± 22 min; p < .001) and fluoroscopy time (LB1: 11.2 ± 5 min vs. LB2: 8.5 ± 3 min; p < .001) were shorter with LB2. The complication rate was 8.9% (LB1: 10.1% vs. LB2: 4.5%; p = .067) with most complications resulting from the access site (21/48). Overall freedom from AF after 1‐year was 73.7% (paroxysmal AF: 76.9%; persistent AF: 69.3%; p < .001) with no difference between the groups (LB1: 73.4% vs. LB2: 74.7%; p = .491).

Conclusion

LB showed a high efficacy and acceptable safety, with numerically lower complication rates with the second‐generation LB. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were shorter with LB2. Overall, 73.7% of patients were free from AF at 1‐year, with comparable results among both generations.
Epyrifenacil, a new systemic PPO‐inhibiting herbicide for broad‐spectrum weed control
Authors: Sada Yoshinao , Jin Yoshinobu , Hikosaka Masashi , Ido Kunio
Published: June 2024

Epyrifenacil is a novel PPO‐inhibiting herbicide discovered and developed by Sumitomo Chemical. Epyrifenacil belongs to the pyrimidinedione chemical class and has a unique three‐ring structure. It is systemically active on a broad range of weeds including grass weeds and some target‐site‐based PPO‐inhibitor resistant broadleaf weeds. Its systemic action is mediated by a phloem movement of the active form of epyrifenacil. In addition, epyrifenacil's vapor action is sufficiently low to not cause an off‐target movement to nontarget sensitive crops. It is expected that epyrifenacil will contribute to global food production in the near future. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluating the technical use of a Fitbit during an intervention for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension with quality of life as primary endpoint: Lessons learned from the UPHILL study
Authors: Kwant Chermaine T. , de Man Frances S. , Bogaard Harm J. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton
Published: June 2024

This article examines technical use of Fitbit during an intervention for pulmonary hypertension (PAH)‐patients. Technical issues with the device led to data being unavailable(37.5%). During intervention objective daily physical activity (DPA) decreased and subjective DPA increased. This emphasizes that an assessment of DPA in PAH requires incorporating both objective and subjective measurements.
Know your institution's legal responsibilities for handling students’ dining accommodations requests
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2024

The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that around 2% of adults have a food allergy (bit.ly/3UjKHVE). This means that food allergies also affect students at your institution.
How are you, anthropology? Reflections on well‐being and the common good
Authors: Millhauser John K.
Published: June 2024

The articles that compose this special issue of Economic Anthropology represent a sample of the work presented and discussed at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Economic Anthropology on the topic of well‐being and the common good. I trace the roots of this conference theme in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its connections to the literature on the “anthropologies of the good.” I then unpack three themes that emerge across the articles in this special issue: the value of tacking between objective measures and subjective meanings, the productive tension produced by investigating across scales, and patterned variation from which we can build an anthropological theory of the good.
GeTe/MoTe2 Van der Waals Heterostructures: Enabling Ultralow Voltage Memristors for Nonvolatile Memory and Neuromorphic Computing Applications
Authors: Khot Atul C. , Nirmal Kiran A. , Dongale Tukaram D. , Kim Tae Geun
Published: June 2024

Advanced electronic semiconducting Van der Waals heterostructures (HSs) are promising candidates for exploring next‐generation nanoelectronics owing to their exceptional electronic properties, which present the possibility of extending their functionalities to diverse potential applications. In this study, GeTe/MoTe2 HS are explored for nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic‐computing applications. Sputter‐deposited Ag/GeTe/MoTe2/Pt HS cross‐point devices are fabricated, and they demonstrate memristor behavior at ultralow switching voltages (VSET: 0.15 V and VRESET: −0.14 V) with very low energy consumption (≈30 nJ), high memory window, long retention time (104 s), and excellent endurance (105 cycles). Resistive switching is achieved by adjusting the interface between the Ag top electrode and the heterojunction switching layer. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscope images and conductive atomic force microscopy analysis confirm the presence of a conducting filament in the heterojunction switching layer. Further, emulating various synaptic functions of a biological synapse reveals that GeTe/MoTe2 HS can be utilized for energy‐efficient neuromorphic‐computing applications. A multilayer perceptron is implemented using the synaptic weights of the Ag/GeTe/MoTe2/Pt HS device, revealing high pattern accuracy (81.3%). These results indicate that HS devices can be considered a potential solution for high‐density memory and artificial intelligence applications.
FeSA‐Ir/Metallene Nanozymes Induce Sequential Ferroptosis‐Pyroptosis for Multi‐Immunogenic Responses Against Lung Metastasis
Authors: Yang Baochan , Cao Lingzhi , Ge Kun , Lv Chaofan , Zhao Zunling , Zheng Tianyu , Gao Shutao , Zhang Jinchao , Wang Tianyu , Jiang Jianzhuang , Qin Yan
Published: June 2024

For cancer metastasis inhibition, the combining of nanozymes with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy remains the major challenge in controllable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for creating effective immunogenicity. Herein, new nanozymes with light‐controlled ROS production in terms of quantity and variety are developed by conjugating supramolecular‐wrapped Fe single atom on iridium metallene with lattice‐strained nanoislands (FeSA‐Ir@PF NSs). The Fenton‐like catalysis of FeSA‐Ir@PF NSs effectively produced •OH radicals in dark, which induced ferroptosis and apoptosis of cancer cells. While under second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) light irradiation, FeSA‐Ir@PF NSs showed ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency (𝜂, 75.29%), cooperative robust •OH generation, photocatalytic O2 and 1O2 generation, and caused significant pyroptosis of cancer cells. The controllable ROS generation, sequential cancer cells ferroptosis and pyroptosis, led 99.1% primary tumor inhibition and multi‐immunogenic responses in vivo. Most importantly, the inhibition of cancer lung metastasis is completely achieved by FeSA‐Ir@PF NSs with immune checkpoint inhibitors, as demonstrated in different mice lung metastasis models, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) model. This work provided new inspiration for developing nanozymes for cancer treatments and metastasis inhibition.
Dual‐Salts Localized High‐Concentration Electrolyte for Li‐ and Mn‐Rich High‐Voltage Cathodes in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Tianyang , Wan Ruichen , Tang Zhenghuan , Yap Jun Wei , Shao Jieren , Qin Lei , Zhang Songwei , Choi Junbin , Wu Yiying , Kim Jung‐Hyun
Published: June 2024

Limited electrochemical stability windows of conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes pose a challenge to support the Lithium (Li)– and manganese (Mn)–rich (LMR) high‐voltage cathodes in rechargeable Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). To address this issue, a novel localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) composition incorporating LiPF6 and LiTFSI as dual‐salts (D‐LHCE), tailored for high‐voltage (>4.6 Vvs.Li) operation of LMR cathodes in LMBs is introduced. 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy revealed the characteristics of the solvation structure of D‐LHCE. The addition of LiPF6 provides stable Al‐current‐collector passivation while the addition of LiTFSI improves the stability of D‐LHCE by producing a more robust cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) on LMR cathode and solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li‐metal anode. As a result, LMR/Li cell, using the D‐LHCE, achieved 72.5% capacity retention after 300 cycles, a significant improvement compared to the conventional electrolyte (21.9% after 100 cycles). The stabilities of LMR CEI and Li‐metal SEI are systematically analyzed through combined applications of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation times techniques. The results present that D‐LHCE concept represents an effective strategy for designing next‐generation electrolytes for high‐energy and high‐voltage LMB cells.
Enabling Gradient‐Structured Solid Electrolyte Interphase by a Hydrated Eutectic Electrolyte for High‐Performance Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Ming , Zhu Xiaonan , Jiang Chenxu , Liu Xing , Li Zhen , Xu Gang , Wang Hongyong , Wu Minghong , Song Chan , Zhou Wenfeng , Wu Chao , Wang Guanyao
Published: June 2024

Aqueous Zn metal batteries are attracting tremendous interest as promising energy storage systems due to their intrinsic safety and cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, the reversibility of Zn metal anodes (ZMAs) is hindered by water‐induced parasitic reactions and dendrite growth. Herein, a novel hydrated eutectic electrolyte (HEE) consisting of Zn(BF4)2·xH2O and sulfolane (SL) is developed to prevent the side reactions and achieve the outstanding cyclability of ZMAs. The strong coordination between Zn2+ and SL triggers the eutectic feature, enabling the low‐temperature availability of HEEs. The restriction of BF4− hydrolysis in the eutectic system can realize favorable compatibility between Zn(BF4)2‐based electrolyte and ZMAs. Besides, the newly‐established solvation structure with the participation of SL, H2O, and BF4−, can induce in situ formation of desirable SEI with gradient structure consisting of B,O‐rich species, ZnS, and ZnF2, to offer satisfactory protection toward ZMAs. Consequently, the HEE allows the Zn||Zn symmetric cell to cycle over 1650 h at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. Moreover, the Zn||NH4V4O10 full batteries can deliver a prolonged lifespan for 1000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 83.4%. This work represents a feasible approach toward the elaborate design of advanced electrolyte systems for next‐generation batteries.
A Versatile Approach to Stabilize Liquid–Liquid Interfaces using Surfactant Self‐Assembly
Authors: Honaryar Houman , Amirfattahi Saba , Nguyen Duoc , Kim Kyungtae , Shillcock Julian C. , Niroobakhsh Zahra
Published: June 2024

Stabilizing liquid–liquid interfaces, whether between miscible or immiscible liquids, is crucial for a wide range of applications, including energy storage, microreactors, and biomimetic structures. In this study, a versatile approach for stabilizing the water‐oil interface is presented using the morphological transitions that occur during the self‐assembly of anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants mixed with fatty acid oils. The morphological transitions underlying this approach are characterized and extensively studied through small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), rheometry, and microscopy techniques. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) as a simulation tool is adopted to investigate these morphological transitions both in the equilibrium ternary system as well as in the dynamic condition of the water‐oil interface. Such a versatile strategy holds promise for enhancing applications such as liquid‐in‐liquid 3D printing. Moreover, it has the potential to revolutionize a wide range of fields where stabilizing liquid–liquid interfaces not only offers unprecedented opportunities for fine‐tuning nanostructural morphologies but also imparts interesting practical features to the resulting liquid shapes. These features include perfusion capabilities, self‐healing, and porosity, which could have significant implications for various industries.
Trinitarian Design of Gradient Artificial Interphase Enables Colossal Granular Li Deposits for Stable Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Xiangxiang , Gao Jianhong , Zheng Zefan , Ye Jialin , Ahmad Waqar , Zhou Chuhan , Li Han , Li Siying , Ma Yongqun , Ling Min , Zhang Haibing , Gao Xuehui , Liang Chengdu
Published: June 2024

The cycling lifespan of Li‐metal batteries is compromised by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the continuous Li dendrites, restricting their practical implementations. Given these challenges, establishing an artificial SEI holds promise. Herein, a trinitarian gradient interphase is innovatively designed through composite coatings of magnesium fluoride (MgF2), N‐hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), and polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF‐HFP) on Li‐metal anode (LMA). Specifically, the MgF2/CTAC/PVDF‐HFP SEI spontaneously forms a lithium fluoride (LiF)‐rich PVDF‐HFP‐based SEI, along with lithium‐magnesium (Li‐Mg) alloy substrate as lithiophilic electronic conductor and positively charged CTAC during plating. Noticeably, the Li‐Mg alloy homogenizes the distribution of electric field and reduce the internal resistance, while the electronically insulated LiF/PVDF‐HFP composite SEI offers fast ion‐conducting and mechanical flexibility, accommodating the volumetric expansion and ensuring stable Li‐ion flux. Additionally, CTAC at the dendritic tip is pivotal for mitigating dendrites through its electrostatic shield mechanism. Innovatively, this trinitarian synergistic mechanism, which facilitates colossal granular Li deposits, constructs a dendrite‐free LMA, leading to stable cycling performances in practical Li||LFP, popular Li||NCM811, and promising Li||S full cells. This work demonstrates the design of multifunctional composite SEI for comprehensive Li protection, thereby inspiring further advancements in artificial SEI engineering for alkali‐metal batteries.
Nanoscale Surface and Bulk Electronic Properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene Unraveled by Multimodal X‐Ray Spectromicroscopy
Authors: Amargianou Faidra , Bärmann Peer , Shao Hui , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Simon Patrice , Gonzalez‐Julian Jesus , Weigand Markus , Petit Tristan
Published: June 2024

2D layered materials, such as transition metal carbides or nitrides, known as MXenes, offer an ideal platform to investigate charge transfer processes in confined environment, relevant for energy conversion and storage applications. Their rich surface chemistry plays an essential role in the pseudocapacitive behavior of MXenes. However, the local distribution of surface functional groups over single flakes and within few‐ or multilayered flakes remains unclear. In this work, scanning X‐ray microscopy (SXM) is introduced with simultaneous transmission and electron yield detection, enabling multimodal nanoscale chemical imaging with bulk and surface sensitivity, respectively, of individual MXene flakes. The Ti chemical bonding environment is found to significantly vary between few‐layered hydrofluoric acid‐etched Ti3C2Tx MXenes and multilayered molten salt (MS)‐etched Ti3C2Tx MXenes. Postmortem analysis of MS‐etched Ti3C2Tx electrodes cycled in a Li‐ion battery further illustrates that simultaneous bulk and surface chemical imaging using SXM offers a method well adapted to the characterization of the electrode‐electrolyte interactions at the nanoscale.
Verstärkung von Stahlkonstruktionen mit Memory‐Stahl
Authors: Ghafoori Elyas , Possekel Joshua , Wang Sizhe , Mohri Maryam , Li Lingzhen , Izadi Mohammadreza , Jafarabadi Ali , Pichler Niels , Michels Julien
Published: June 2024

Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über jüngste Arbeiten zur Entwicklung und Anwendung von Formgedächtnislegierungen auf Eisenbasis (Fe‐SMA), den sog. Memory‐Stählen, für Verstärkungs‐ und Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen an Stahlkonstruktionen. Zunächst werden Studien zu den Materialeigenschaften von Fe‐SMA bezüglich Formgedächtniseffekt und Pseudoelastizität erörtert. Anschließend wird der Einsatz von Fe‐SMA als vorgespannte Verstärkungsmaßnahme bei Stahlkonstruktionen erläutert. Hierbei wird auf Verstärkungen von Stahlträgern, Verbindungen und die Reparatur von Ermüdungsrissen eingegangen. Es werden verschiedene Verstärkungslösungen wie mechanisch verankerte oder geklebte Fe‐SMA sowie Studien über das Verhalten von Fe‐SMA‐Stahlverbindungen diskutiert. Ein Anwendungsfall wird anhand einer 113 Jahre alten Stahlbrücke vorgestellt. Zusätzlich wird die Anwendung von Fe‐SMA für Rohrkupplungen gezeigt. Abschließend werden innovative Untersuchungen aus der laufenden Forschung zum Thema additive Fertigung von Fe‐SMA (4D‐Druck) erörtert.