bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEPEMIMPINAN MILLENIAL DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL DESA
Authors: Aminah Aminah , Abisono Nasution Fatih Gama
Published: June 2022

This research examines millennial leadership and its impact on village social transformation. This research departs from the phenomenon of many youths returning to the village to seize political leadership in the village. This phenomenon is commonly found in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, but not many have researched it. Previous studies looked at the phenomenon go-politics, usually in political parties, social movements, and business organizations, but this study looks at go-politics youth in the village realm. In particular, the research aims to explore what factors shape the structural conditions for the birth of millennial leadership for social transformation. This research is a qualitative type with the method used is an exploratory study in accordance with the objectives of this study. Taking the location in Guwosari Village, Bantul Regency, with the argument that the lurah officials are from the millennial generation and their leadership involves youth as the main target of change. Collecting data using observation, direct and virtual interviews, and documentation techniques. By using a structuration theoretical framework, the results of the study show that the conditions that enable millennial leadership are born because people are thirsty for change and want leaders with new and fresh faces; and the will of the millennial generation to become leaders. This is because in the previous period, Guwosari was led by a lurah with an elderly background as well as a religious figure. The millennial leadership in Guwosari also has an impact on encouraging the process of social transformation. Institutionally, currently the Guwosari Village is still undergoing a process of transformation (becoming). So that the ongoing social transformation is still vulnerable to shifting if it is not institutionalized. In this case, the institutionalization from leader to government is a challenge for millennial leaders.
DETERMINANTS FACTORS OF WORK STRESS AMONG NURSES IN PERFORMING SERVICES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Elvianasari Ni Putu Yesika , Wati Ni Made Nopita , Mustriwati Komang Ayu
Published: June 2022

The increasing number of Covid-19 cases has led to a high demand for health services and the number of health workers in hospitals. This results in health workers working with the intensity of long working hours and increasing workloads. The high demands of work and excessive worry are a source of stres for nurses. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of factors that were associated with and most related to the work stres of nurses in carrying out services during the Covid-19 pandemic in the intensive isolation room of the Bali Mandara Hospital. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique respondent in this study is a total sample of 129 nurses. The instrument used in this research is a job stres questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (Spearman Rank correlation test), and multivariate analysis (Regression test). The results showed that most of the subject were aged 31-40 years (74,4%), female (60,5%), unmarried status (51,95%), working period of 3-5 years (79,8%), has a Diploma (76,7%) and has mild work stres (81,4%). The results showed that there was a relationship between age (p=0,001), marital status (p=0,003), years of service (p=0,006) and education (p=0,000) with work stres. There is no relationship between gender (p=0,108) and work stres. The results also showed that the level of education is the most related factor to the work stres of nurses. Ti is expected for nurses to continue their studies to a higher level so that nurses have broad insight and are not easily stresed when experiencing obstacles at work.
Keywords: Covid-19, Job stres, Nurses
LITERATURE REVIEW: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOOD SECURITY AND STUNTING AMONG TODDLERS
Authors: Sihite Nathasa Weisdania
Published: June 2022

Stunting is a condition in children with a length or height of less than -2 SD. Stunting harms children under five and causes growth failure due to chronic nutritional deficiency. In Indonesia in 2017, the prevalence of stunting was 36.4%, which shows the world that Indonesia ranks third as the country with the highest majority of stunting in Southeast Asia. The harmful impact of stunting in the future is a decrease in the quality of human resources, which includes aspects of decreasing the productivity of human resources in the future. Food security is indicated to be one of the factors causing stunting in toddlers, and stunting conditions are closely related to food insecurity experienced by toddlers. This literature review aims to analyze and provide information on the relationship between food security and the incidence of stunting in children under five. The narrative study reviewed many research articles related to food security and the incidence of stunting in children under five. The review results from various sources have been reviewed, showing a close relationship between food security and the incidence of stunting in children under five. Food insecurity experienced by a family directly impacts the food intake of family members to be not optimal both in terms of quantity and quality; this is the cause of the formation of a situation that is not food insecure. The long-term of this condition is that the nutritional adequacy of children under five is not fulfilled, and stunting cannot be prevented. Hopefully, this study can provide information that food adequacy, as seen from food security, is the basis for fulfilling the nutritional needs of children under five.
Keywords: Toddler, Food security, Stunting
Girişimcilik eğiliminin bireysel öncüllerinin incelenmesi
Authors: AVCI Murat , ARDIÇ Kadir
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada girişimcilik ve girişim oluşturma sürecini daha iyi anlamak için çevresel ve bilişsel faktörlere odaklanılmıştır. Kontrol odağı, girişimci öz yeterlilik, girişimcilik eğilimi, öznel norm ve belirsizlikten kaçınma arasındaki ilişkiler açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırma Sakarya Üniversitesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi ve Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesinde İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi ve İşletme Fakültesinde girişimcilik dersi alan ve girişimcilik planı olan 200 öğrenci üzerine yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Levenson Kontrol Odağı ölçeği, Girişimci öz yeterlilik ölçeği, belirsizlikten kaçınma ve öznem norm ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan başlıca analizler ise betimleyici istatistikler, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri, korelasyon ve regresyon analizi ve diğer istatistiki analizlerdir. Bireylerin öz yeterlilik inancı, kontrol odak durumu, belirsizlikten kaçınma algısı ve öznel norm algısı öğrencilerin girişimciliğe eğilimini bilişsel açıdan etkilemesi söz konusudur. Bu doğrultuda korelasyon analizi sonucu belirsizlikten kaçınma değişkeni diğer değişkenlerle anlamı ve pozitif ilişki gösterirken, öznel norm sadece kariyer eğilimi ve girişimci öz yeterlilik ile anlamlı ve pozitif ilişki, Girişimci (kariyer) eğilimi ise kontrol odağı ve girişimci öz yeterlilik değişkenlerinde anlamlı ve pozitif ilişki göstermiştir. Regresyon analizinde ise girişimcilik eğilimi üzerinde girişimci öz yeterliliğin pozitif yönde ve düşük bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır.
Maternal and New-Born Outcomes When Using Upright and Supine Birth Positions During Labour and Delivery: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Mtatina Advera V , Mselle Lilian T , Mwakawanga Dorkasi , Sando David , Mkoka Dickson A
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the effects of upright and supine birth positions on maternal and new-born outcomes including maternal blood losses, duration of labor, perineum tear or intact, and APGAR score of the new-born in the first and fifth minutes in two District hospitals in Tanzania.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental study design using a quantitative approach was conducted to assess the maternal and new-born outcomes in the in intervention study group (upright) and non-intervention group (supine). A convenient sample of 150 parturient were included, among them 73 formed an intervention group and 77 were in the non-intervention group. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 whereby STATA software was used to assess the effect of the independent variables (birth positions) to the dependent variables (maternal and new-born outcomes). Results were compared using chi-square test at P-value <0. 05

Findings: Among of women who assumed upright birth position were experienced good maternal and new-born outcomes more than those in supine position. 93% and 96% of women in upright had short labour in 1st and 2nd stage respectively compered 24.68% and 44% in supine respectively (P-value <0.001). Maternal blood loss and perineum status had no significant differences in both positions while the APGAR score of the new-born in upright (p=0.018) were more advanced than those in supine group. The study revealed that, Upright birth positions provides positive effects to maternal and new-born more than supine positions.  The findings of this study will help pregnant women to have choice on birthing position they feel comfortable to use during labour and delivery.

Recommendation: The Ministry of Health should build capacity of midwives to be able to conduct labour using alternative birthing positions including upright position.
BREAKING THE PARADIGMS OF THE USE OF DRYWALL AS AN INTERNAL SEALING ELEMENT IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS: A COMPARISON WITH SEALING MASONRY
Authors: Santos Tiago , Souza Wagner Cavalare
Published: June 2022

It is a fact that within the field of Brazilian Civil Engineering, ceramic brick masonry is the type of vertical fence most used in reinforced concrete buildings, however, there are already interesting options on the market that perform the same function with the use of new technologies. The drywall system is one of these options, however, it still faces cultural obstacles for its definitive insertion in the country's works. Starting from this point, this research focuses on breaking existing paradigms regarding the use of drywall through a comparative study with traditional masonry sealing. The research aims to present technical aspects of both systems, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages, encouraging a greater diffusion of drywall. The objective was also to present structural impacts of the use of the system in buildings, as well as to encourage the use of innovative systems in national civil construction. To achieve these goals, a bibliographic research was carried out, with a qualitative approach and having objectives classified as descriptive. Different literary sources from scientific publications in national databases were used, with a cut covering productions from the last ten years. Once the sources were gathered, records were prepared, separating them by relevant technical areas for discussions and their comparisons. Among the main conclusions, it is stated that the drywall system presents itself as a possibility in the construction market, having lower own weight, less thick walls and better operational processes than ceramic brick masonry, resulting in cleaner works with less waste.
Desain Media Sosial sebagai Media Penyuluhan di Masa Pandemik COVID-19
Authors: Artika Dowi Karunia  , Kartika Budi Utami  , Andi Warnaen
Published: June 2022

Materi penyuluhan tentang penerapan kesejahteraan hewan pada budidaya sapi perah sangat penting dan dibutuhkan oleh peternak. Namun, selama masa pandemik COVID-19, kegiatan penyuluhan secara tatap muka cenderung dibatasi. Penyuluhan online dinilai dapat menjadi solusi karena peternak dapat mengakses materi penyuluhan tanpa dibatasi tempat dan waktu. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menetapkan media sosial yang sesuai sebagai media penyuluhan online, menghasilkan desain, mendeskripsikan pengelolaan serta mengevaluasi efektivitas media penyuluhan online di masa pandemik COVID-19. Metode penelitian adalah survei. Sampel penelitian yaitu 30 peternak yang ditetapkan secara purposive sampling. Pendekatan kajian yang digunakan ada tiga tahap. Tahap satu menggunakan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation) untuk menganalisis dan menetapkan, mendesain serta mengelola media sosial. Tahap dua menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas media sosial dengan EPIC model (Empathy, Persuasion, Impact dan Communication). Tahap tiga yaitu evaluasi (evaluation) dampak media sosial menggunakan Rumus Konten Positif dan Rumus Konten Negatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan matriks analisis channel YouTube. Hasil analisis penetapan media sosial menunjukkan bahwa YouTube merupakan platform media sosial yang cocok digunakan untuk pelaksanaan penyuluhan online. Pengelolaan YouTube dilakukan dengan pembuatan nama dan ikon channel “sapi perah moo”; pencantuman deskripsi channel; pengunggahan konten kesejahteraan hewan pada sapi perah dengan memanfaatkan jadwal rilis; pembuatan judul konten dan thumbnail; pembuatan playlist serta penyisipan kartu tayang. Disimpulkan bahwa channel YouTube “sapi perah moo” merupakan media penyuluhan online yang efektif digunakan di masa pandemik COVID-19 dengan nilai efektivitas sebesar 88% dan dampak positif sebesar 100%.
Uji Serologis Toxoplasmosis pada Kambing Lokal di Sulawesi Selatan dengan Metode ELISA
Authors: Hadi Sulaxono
Published: June 2022

Kambing lokal Sulawesi Selatan merupakan hasil persilangan antara kambing kacang dan kambing jawa randu, berkembang biak pada beberapa kabupaten/kota di provinsi ini yang dipelihara secara semi intensif. Perkembangan dan perkawinan secera alami tidak terlepas dari ancaman penularan penyakit zoonosis, yang potensial menular ke manusia, selain mengakibatkan gangguan reproduksi, salah satunya adalah toxoplasmosis. Surveilans serologis telah dilakukan oleh Balai Besar Veteriner Maros pada kambing lokal Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan surveilans adalah mengetahui seroprevalensi toxoplasmosis di beberapa kabupaten/kota dan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Bahan yang digunakan untuk pengujian serologis berupa sampel serum kambing yang diperoleh dari 17 desa, 15 kecamatan di 5 kabupaten/kota, Sidrap, Pare-Pare, Maros, Makassar dan Jeneponto. Sebanyak 1.106 sampel serum dari lima kabupaten telah diuji secara serologis. Sampel diperoleh secara sampling sedangkan metode pengujian serologis dilakukan dengan menggunakan ELISA. Hasil surveilans menunjukkan seroprevalensi Toxoplasmosis pada kambing lokal di Sidrap sebesar 12,40%, Pare-pare 77,03%, Maros 22,58%, Makassar 47,33% dan Jeneponto 35,68%. Seroprevalensi toxoplasmosis pada kambing di Sulawesi Selatan sebesar 27,85%, dengan seroprevalensi terbesar terdapat di Kabupaten Pare-Pare, disusul Makassar, Jeneponto. Maros dan Sidrap.
Pendampingan Intensif dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Peternak di Desa Cilembu: Analisis Kasus Program Indonesia Gemilang LAZ Al-Azhar
Authors: Yogi Ikballudin  , M. Munandar Sulaeman  , Lilis Nurlina
Published: June 2022

LAZ Al-Azhar merupakan salah satu lembaga filantropi di Indonesia yang bertugas untuk mendayagunakan dana zakat, infaq, shodaqoh dan wakaf. Salah satu program pendayagunaan dana zakat adalah Program Indonesia Gemilang, sebuah program pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam peningkatan ekonomi, keagamaan, kesehatan dan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran pendampingan intensif dalam program pemberdayaan masyarakat peternak sebagai salah satu kasus pelaksanaan Program Indonesia Gemilang Bantuan Ternak Domba LAZ Al-Azhar di Desa Cilembu Kecamatan Pamulihan Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam kepada informan yang dipilih secara purposive terhadap enam belas orang yang terdiri dari pihak Al-Azhar, penerima manfaat ternak dan aparat Desa setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pendampingan intensif dilakukan oleh tiga elemen yakni manajemen Al-Azhar, Koordinator Wilayah (Korwil) dan Dasamas (Da’I Sahabat Masyaraakat). Peran yang diberikan adalah pendampingan intensif 24 jam, kunjungan langsung penerima manfaat serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Perkembangan yang terjadi setelah pendampingan adalah pembentukan kelompok ternak, penambahan aset ternak, kandang komunal dan lahan pakan odot. Manfaat yang dirasakan dari program tersebut yakni manfaat ekonomi dan manfaat sosial.
Examines Iran-China Trade Relations: COVID-19 Challenges, Sanctions, and Positive Potentials
Authors: Jelodar Azim , Duan Pingfang
Published: June 2022

Article in English. In the field of international relations, governments use different tools to advance their national goals and interests, some of which are tangible and some of which are immaterial. In a way, these tools mainly indirectly affect the important interests of rival governments and cause them to change their behavior. At a time when the use of force in international relations has diminished or at least governments are more cautious in relying on this tool, the impact on sensitive areas has taken another form, which is a manifestation of sanctions. Sanctions imposed on Iran in recent years over its nuclear program have affected Iran's relations with other countries and thus its interests. Following the sanctions, Iran lost ties with many countries, especially European countries, and thus accelerated Iran's growing relations with China, especially in the fields of economy and trade. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated the positive capacity for cooperation between Iran and China and suggest seven effective criteria based on the objectives of this study.
RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-REGULATION, STRESS, AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS OF EKAMAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BANGKOK, THAILAND
Authors: P. ILAO RICHMOND , T. FABELLA FREDERICK EDWARD
Published: June 2022

Middle school students face various developmental and academic challenges. As these grade levels are characteristically in-between elementary and high school years, the adolescent difficulties may be even more prominent in these stages, pre-pandemic and more so during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of important variables to individuals in the middle school age group such as self-regulation, stress, and life satisfaction, and to analyze whether these variables differ when students are grouped according to sex, grade level, and socio-economic status which are deemed to be bases of a proposed program. One hundred (115) purposively sampled middle school students in Ekamai International School in Bangkok, Thailand were the respondents of this study. Results indicated that a significant positive relationship was found only between life satisfaction and self-regulation. This study also concludes that students may have a high level of life satisfaction despite experiencing stress. No significant difference was noted in self-regulation, stress, and life satisfaction when students are grouped according to sex, grade level, and socioeconomic status.
Buenas prácticas docentes para la atención de estudiantes con discapacidad visual, motriz o auditiva
Authors: Maldonado Osuna Mitzy Grinely , Norzagaray Benítez Claudia Cecilia
Published: June 2022

Con el propósito de mejorar la inclusión de personas con discapacidad en el aula, el presente manual desarrolla una serie de normas generales, aplicables a la discapacidad física, visual y auditiva. Ofrece lineamientos para que el docente ajuste, de forma razonable, sus contenidos, metodología y formas de evaluación con el fin de que sean accesibles y que todos los alumnos puedan participar. Pretende convertirse en una herramienta práctica que promueva vivencias positivas y en un referente en el campo de la educación inclusiva para profesores. Dirigido a docentes de educación superior, también es un recurso útil para las personas interesadas en métodos de inclusión de la población con discapacidad. Además de ofrecer procedimientos didácticos, propone pautas que fomentan los valores de igualdad, cooperación y equidad entre las personas. Colección "Textos académicos" 154
Potential biochemical effects of honey in oral health care: a review
Authors: Qamar Zeeshan , Alghonaim Maryam Fahad , Almohana Salah Abdualkreem , Almohana Alhanouf Abdulkarem , Zeeshan Tayyaba
Published: June 2022

Honey is a natural flower extract rich in healthy components including fructose, glucose, and various oligosaccharides. In addition, it comprises of proteins, enzymes, trace elements, vitamins, and polyphenols. Honey has a long history for its uses in medicinal purposes. However, its benefits on oral health have been overlooked till date. The main aim of this review is to address the benefits of honey in oral cavity, which have been identified in previous studies to have anti-cariogenic and anti-plaque; and also, for the treatment of cancer-induced mucositis and xerostomia.
Determination of ethyl octanoate in Chinese liquor using FT-NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Jianxue , Dong Xinluo , Han Sihai , Xie Anguo , Li Xuan , Li Peiyan , Xu Baocheng , Luo Denglin
Published: June 2022

To quantitatively detect ethyl octanoate in Chinese liquor, Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was performed in the present work, with 162 Chinese liquor samples selected from Luoyang Dukang Distillery. The chemical values of ethyl octanoate were determined by gas chromatography (GC), and spectral data from 12,000 to 4000 cm-1 were collected. The calibration model was established with partial least squares (PLS) regression, and then validated using internal cross-validation. The predictability of the model was further confirmed by the validation set as external validation. After comparing the effects of the models set up with sample data under different pre-processing methods, the model was built within the spectral region of 6101.7 - 5449.8 cm-1; based on the SNV pre-processing method which was selected as the optimal model. The coefficient of determination (R2) for cross-validation of the model was 0.9507, and the corresponding root mean square errors of cross-validation (RMSECV) was 3.91 mg L-1. The R2 for external validation was 0.9537, and the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) was 3.62 mg L-1. The results demonstrated that using NIR spectroscopy to determine ethyl octanoate in Chinese liquor is feasible and can achieve satisfactory results.
Reduction of enzymatic browning of fresh-cut Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) by UV-C treatment
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhao Xiaoyan , Ma Yue , Zhang Yan , Wang Dan
Published: June 2022

Herein, we studied the effect of UV-C (shortwave ultraviolet) irradiation on the quality and inhibition of the browning of fresh-cut Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita). The irradiation of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 kJ m-2 were applied to fresh-cut Chinese yam, and quality characteristics were evaluated during 16 days of storage at 4°C. The results indicated that UV-C treatment (8 KJ m-2) effectively decreased the browning degree, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and total bacteria count (TBC). However, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, PAL gene expression, respiration rate, and total phenol content increased. The UV-C treatment of 8 kJ m-2 resulted in a lower degree of membrane damage, as evidenced by the lower soluble quinone accumulation and browning index (BI), and retained the soluble solid content and hardness during storage. Increasing irradiation intensity would enhance cell damage while did not reduce browning. The results also showed that UV-C treatment alone had great potential to inhibit the browning of fresh-cut vegetables.
Manufacturing process and physicochemical analysis of Kariki: a traditional cheese from the Island of Tinos, Greece
Authors: Ourailoglou Dimitris , Athanasiadis Vassilis , Bozinou Eleni , Salakidou Chrysanthi , Evmorfopoulos Evangelos , Lalas Stavros
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to identify, for the first time, the traditional manufacturing process and the physicochemical properties of the Kariki cheese originated from the Island of Tinos, Greece. Various physicochemical parameters (moisture, protein, fat and NaCl content, pH, acidity, fatty acid profile, and pigments) were determined on cheese samples (matured for three months in a dried calabash). The samples were obtained from the only dairy company in Tinos Island that produces this type of cheese using traditional methods. The results showed that Kariki is a yellow cheese, hard on the outside but soft on the inside, with low moisture and acidity content, and high proportion of fat comparable to similar types of cheese products. These characteristics are probably derived from the maturation process in the calabash. Kariki also showed much higher content in saturated fatty acids and lower content in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids than the other cheeses with similar maturing time.
Determination of antimicrobial, pH, bile salt, and gastric juice tolerance properties of Lactobacilli isolated from human milk
Authors: Abbas Asma , Kanwar Rabia , Aslam B. , Bilal M. , Yaseen Kashaf , Ali Ashiq , Qayyum F. , Zafar Nishat
Published: June 2022

Human milk is a complex biological fluid, and a source of nutrients and probiotics which plays a vital role in the growth and development of infants. Probiotics are helpful bacteria which are good for human health. The primary bacterial genera which are gaining status as probiotics are Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Bifidobacterium. The present work aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus bacteria from human milk. A total of 70 samples of human milk were collected from different lactating mothers. The milk samples were inoculated on the De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar plates to observe the growth of Lactobacillus bacteria. The bacteria were identified based on their morphology, culture characteristics, and biochemical properties. Isolated bacteria were evaluated for probiotic properties in which, tolerance to acidic pH, bile salts, and gastric juice as well as antibacterial activity and antibiotic susceptibility were determined. Out of the 70 milk samples, 57 were positive for Lactobacillus. Out of the positive sample, 10.5% of the samples tolerated acidic pH and high bile salt concentration, but a significant difference was obtained for gastric juice. In the antibacterial activity, Pseudomonas showed no action against Lactobacillus. In antibiotic susceptibility, the test isolates were resistant to penicillin. The present work proved the presence of beneficial bacteria in the human milk. Isolated Lactobacillus exhibited significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and tolerance to acidic pH, bile salt, and gastric juice. Therefore, human milk could be a good source of probiotics for infants.
Analysis of metabolites of nitrofuran antibiotics in animal-derived food by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Lv Zhenzhen , Luo Zhongwei , Lu Jiaqi , Xu Zihan , Zhang Wen , Chen AiLiang
Published: June 2022

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was used for the simultaneous detection of four metabolites of nitrofuran (NF) antibiotics in eight animal-derived foods, namely porcine muscle, chicken, fish, duck, pork liver, crab, shrimp, and egg. Briefly, the sample was first acid-hydrolysed, derivatised, and extracted by ethyl acetate. The extract was then analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. Later, sample pre-treatment and UPLC-MS/MS conditions were optimised. The results showed that the method had good linearity over the range of 0.5~50 μg·kg-1. The average recoveries were 80.3~119.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were < 8.1 and < 10.9% for intra-assay and inter-assay precision, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), 5-morpholino-3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AMOZ), and 1-amino-hydantoin (AHD) were 0.1, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.4~0.5 μg·kg-1, respectively, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) for AOZ, SEM, AMOZ, and AHD were 0.4, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.8~1.0 μg·kg-1, respectively. The proposed method was used to detect NF residues in 100 animal-derived food samples and quality control samples. The results were close to those detected by the China national standard method GB/T 20752-2006, and the results of quality control samples were within the detectable ranges. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the detection of NF residues in different kinds of animal-derived foods.
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation on the quality of Samurai 2, a mutant sorghum flour
Authors: Kurniadi Muhamad , Afuw Haliim Al , Sari Ardhea Mustika , Wiyono Tri , Nurhayati Rifa , Frediansyah Andri
Published: June 2022

Sorghum is a remarkably nutritious cereal plant primarily found in Africa. It was introduced to Indonesia in 1989. Joining the effort to improve the quality of local flour as part of the Indonesian government’s food security program, we applied the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during sorghum flour fermentation with different parameters to yield better final flour products. Since low digestibility of proteins and high levels of tannins that are present in grains are considered as obstacles to favourable sorghum flour production, we aimed at formulating a method for flour production by using the mutant sorghum variety called Samurai 2, and employing various fermentation periods and concentrations of S. cerevisiae as starter culture. The quality controls were performed on the basis of chemical and physical properties. The present work employed a complete factorial randomised design, by varying the durations of fermentation (20, 40, and 60 h) and starter culture concentrations of 107 CFU/mL (0, 2, 4, and 6%, w/v). The results showed that the longer the fermentation time and the higher the starter concentration, the lower the water, ash, and in-flour tannin contents, whiteness intensity, and viscosity (p < 0.05). On the other hand, this treatment increased the levels of dissolved protein (p < 0.05), and the microstructure of starch granules became coarser.
In vitro probiotic and industrial properties of bacteria isolated from fermented food products
Authors: Kefyalew Bali Chirkena , Ulusoy Beyza Hatice , ‪Metekia Wubshet Asnake , Kaya Yıldırım Fatma
Published: June 2022

Probiotics are live microorganisms present in naturally fermented food products, and also added to other products as supplements to improve the hosts' health and microbial balance. Bacteria are considered as probiotics based on selection criteria that include the ability to survive the transition through the gastrointestinal tract conditions (pH and bile salt concentration), adhesion to the intestinal epithelium, auto-aggregation, and antibiotic resistance. The industrial properties of probiotic bacteria associated with their incorporation into food products are essential for the application of probiotic cultures in the development of functional foods. Probiotic bacteria must survive industrial applications, grow adequately in food products during their shelf life, and be technologically suitable for their incorporation into foods products so that they retain viability and efficacy. The antimicrobial activity of probiotic bacterial strains against foodborne pathogenic bacteria may also be a characteristic parameter for probiotics to be included in the composition of probiotic preparations and probiotic foods. This review discusses the in vitro and industrial properties of bacteria isolated from a variety of fermented food products.
The effect of different compositions of starter cultures developed from phytic acid-degrading lactic acid bacteria on the sensory quality of bread
Authors: Doğan Murat
Published: June 2022

Sourdough is an initial product used in cereal fermentation, usually prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to a mixture of wheat and water. Phytic acid present in wheat flours negatively affects the bioavailability of bread. LAB is found to have phytase activity. The present work thus aimed to determine the effect of starter culture combinations developed from phytic acid-degrading LAB (PAD-LAB) strains isolated from sourdough samples on bread sensory quality. De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar, MRS Broth, M17 agar, M17 broth, sodium phytate, and mass spectrometry were used to isolate and identify PAD-LAB from sourdough samples. The extracellular phytase activity of PAD-LAB strains was determined by spectrophotometry. Sourdough samples were prepared using different strains having high phytase activity, and breads produced from these samples were evaluated using sensory attributes. Extracellular phytase activities of 30 strains were determined by the spectrophotometric method, showing the highest value at 1109.7 U/mL, and lowest at 386.9 U/mL, with a mean of 685.1 U/mL. Sourdough samples were prepared using five different strains with high phytase activity as starting cultures; and of the four sourdough samples selected, the count of LAB increased (7.80 - 9.87 log CFU/g), pH decreased (3.53 - 4.57), and TTA (total titratable acidity) values increased (10.17 - 14.29 mL) during the fermentation period. In the sensory evaluation, bread produced with starter culture combination CS30 was preferred. In conclusion, it was determined that the bread produced with PAD-LAB strains has an advantage in terms of sensory quality as compared to the control samples.
Physicochemical parameters, organoleptic property, and Escherichia coli load of fresh turkey organs
Authors: Jaber Hassna , Boulamtat Rachid , Oubayoucef Ali , Rhaim Noureddine , Bourkhiss Brahim , Ouhssine Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Escherichia coli is a common microorganism of the digestive microflora of many warm-blooded animal species, including humans. The presence of E. coli in food is an indicator of faecal contamination and ultimately, possible contamination by pathogenic digestive microflora. The aim of the present work was to study the physicochemical parameters, organoleptic property, and E. coli load in turkey organs (thigh, upper thigh, breast, throat, liver, wing, and skin). A total of 224 samples were purchased from several markets, and subjected to different experiments. Results showed that the best overall scores for organoleptic property were recorded for breast (8.64 ± 0.43) and upper thigh (7.12 ± 0.72). The physicochemical parameter results varied across the studied organs. E. coli was isolated up to 100, 93.75, 90.62, 87.50, 62.5, 56.25, and 40.62% in the skin, wing, throat, liver, thigh, breast, and upper thigh samples, respectively. The highest E. coli loads were recorded in the skin, throat, and wing at 3.89, 3.52, and 3.27 log10 CFU/g, respectively. The present work highlighted the physicochemical parameters, organoleptic property, and E. coli load of turkey organs purchased from several districts of Kenitra city, and discussed a number of practices to improve turkey meat quality and protect consumer health from coliform contamination.
Optimisation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Trigona honey and propolis using response surface methodology from fermented food products
Authors: Hagar Abdullah Yahya , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ahmed Idris Adewale , Ramli Norazsida , Mhd Jalil Abbe Maleyki , Abd Rani Nurlisa Fatiha
Published: June 2022

Honey and propolis are honeybee products that are becoming increasingly common as a result of their ability to improve human health. The optimal combination of honey and propolis for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity were analysed for Trigona honey and propolis aqueous extracts using response surface methodology and a central composite design. The effect of honey (X1: 15 - 16.5 g) and propolis (X2: 13.5 - 15 g) on the total phenolic content (TPC, Y1), total flavonoid content (TFC, Y2), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, Y3; ABTS, Y4), and FRAP (Y5) were tested. The experimental outcomes were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model regarding TPC (R2 = 0.9539, p = 0.0002), TFC (R2 = 0.9209, p = 0.0010), antioxidant activity (DPPH, R2 = 0.9529, p = 0.0002; ABTS, R2 = 0.9817, p < 0.0001), and FRAP (R2 = 0.9363, p = 0.0005). The optimal percentage compositions of honey and propolis were 15.26 g (50.43%) and 15 g (49.57%), respectively. The predicted results for TPC, TFC, DPPH (IC50), ABTS, and FRAP were 162.46 mg GAE/100 g, 2.29 mgQE/g, 14.52 mg/mL, 564.27 µMTE/g, and 3.56 mMTE/g, respectively. The experimental outcomes were close to the predicted results: 152.06 ± 0.55 mg GAE/100 g, 2.21 ± 0.05 mg QE/g, 13.85 ± 0.34 mg/mL, 555.22 ± 36.84 µMTE/g, and 3.71 ± 0.02 mMTE/g, respectively. It was observed that the optimal combination of honey and propolis provided the highest antioxidant yield and can be used as functional foods, cosmetics, and medical and pharmacological ingredients.
The effect of dietary rapeseed on milk protein fractions in dairy cows
Authors: Oancea Alexandra Gabriela , Dragomir Catalin , Pistol Gina Cecilia , Cismileanu Ana , Toma Smaranda Mariana , Radu Gabriel L
Published: June 2022

Significant interest exists on the inclusion of oilseeds in dairy cows' diets to improve the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile of their milk due to PUFA’s effects on human health. However, this strategy can affect milk protein fractions, compounds that play an important role in the dairy industry, and also affect consumers' health. The present work thus aimed to investigate the effect of rapeseed in dairy cows' diets on milk protein fractions such as caseins [s1-casein (s1-CN), s2-casein (s2-CN), β-casein (β-CN), k-casein (k-CN)], whey proteins [β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), -lactalbumin (-La)], and minor proteins [lactoferrin (LF), bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG)]. The animals were randomly distributed in two groups, each fed with a control diet and a rapeseed-based diet, respectively. The protein fractions were determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results indicated that the inclusion of rapeseed in dairy cows’ diets led to a significant decrease in total milk protein (from 3.73 ± 0.03 to 3.58 ± 0.03%, p < 0.05) and total casein content (from 2.96 ± 0.03 to 2.80 ± 0.03%, p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant decrease was also observed in the content of k-CN (from 32275 to 25883 A.U., p = 0.015), an important protein involved during milk coagulation; and a decrease tendency for β-CN also occurred (from 44746 to 41441 A.U., p = 0.087), the high content of which is associated with some human diseases. Dietary rapeseed also decreased the β-Lg content (from 61256 to 52694 A.U., p = 0.016), which is positively correlated with cheese quality. Other minor protein fractions such as BSA and IgG were also decreased by the rapeseed diet.
Main functional ingredients, nutritional, and medicinal values of common wild edible fungi: a review
Authors: Shen Xiaojing , Wang Qi , Liu Kunyi , Cai Jiao , Wang Hong , Zhang Qian , Zhang Chen , Fan Jiang Ping
Published: June 2022

Common wild edible fungi are not only delicious but are also high in nutritional and medicinal values. They contain many functional ingredients such as polysaccharides, alkaloids, choline, triterpenes, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals as their chemical constituents. Seven species of common wild edible fungi were chosen for their main functional ingredients, nutritional values, and medicinal importance in this review.
Bioactive diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) in Turkish coffees: Impact of roasting
Authors: Eren Fatma Hulyam , Besler Halit Tanju
Published: June 2022

While the cholesterol-raising effect of coffee has been ascribed to the presence of diterpenes, they have also been shown to present favourable health effects. Boiled-type coffees show slightly higher levels of diterpenes than those made with other brewing methods. However, there is considerable controversy regarding the effect of roasting on the contents of the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to measure the contents of these diterpenes in Turkish coffees, and to determine how they are influenced by roasting. The samples used were 16 roasted and ready-ground Turkish coffees sold in supermarkets in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The cafestol and kahweol contents of the coffee samples were analysed using liquid-liquid extraction followed by HPLC-DAD. The lipid contents of commercially roasted and ground Turkish coffee samples varied in the range of 14.32 ± 0.09 to 15.60 ± 0.09 g/100 g. The lipid contents of brewed Turkish coffee samples varied from 318 ± 2.00 to 571 ± 4.30 mg/100 mL. When compared within each commercial brand, dark roasted ground Turkish coffee samples had higher lipid contents. The average diterpene content in one cup of Turkish coffee sample was between 2.69 ± 0.28 and 13.58 ± 0.88 mg. The ranges of cafestol and kahweol contents in a cup were 1.4 ± 0.21 - 6.9 ± 0.65 mg and 1.28 ± 0.07 - 6.68 ± 0.28 mg, respectively. Within products of the same brand, the highest amount of oil was observed in dark roasted Turkish coffee beverages, and no significant differences were found in total diterpene, cafestol, and kahweol contents in coffee beverages among the different roasting levels. It is recommended that future studies perform more detailed investigations of the effect of roasting on the diterpene contents in Turkish coffees, and the impact of preparation parameters, as well as the presence of diterpene-derived compounds.
Comparative study of fat properties and phenolic contents of fermented rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and pulasan (Nephelium mutabile Blume) seeds
Authors: Hamid Hazrulrizawati , Yahya Izzah Hayati , Ramli Aizi Nor Mazila
Published: June 2022

Rambutan and pulasan seeds are usually discarded as waste. However, the seeds contain a significant quantity of quality crude fat. Therefore, the present work was conducted to establish and compare the fat properties, and saponin and total phenolic contents of fermented rambutan and pulasan seeds. Results showed that the crude fat yields for rambutan and pulasan seeds were 3.98 and 7.41 g/10 g, respectively. Results also showed decreases in crude fat by 41% for rambutan seeds, and 23% for pulasan seeds after fermentation. The yields of the main fatty acid in rambutan and pulasan seeds, which was oleic acid, were 53.11 and 58.27%, respectively. Only 0.81 and 37.25% of triacylglycerols remained in rambutan and pulasan seed fats, respectively after fermentation. In addition, the melting temperature for both seed fats increased, while the saponin and total phenolic contents in rambutan and pulasan seeds decreased with increasing fermentation time.
Natural products’ potential to maintain/ameliorate oral health: A review
Authors: Qamar Zeeshan , Zeeshan Tayyaba , Al Dossary Omar Bandar , Alanazi Tariq Abdullah , Aldhuwayhi Jaber Naif , Alqarni Abdulrahman Hassan , Alshalan Abdulrahman Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Many diseases such as human dental caries result in the destruction of tooth structure; dental caries is an infectious disease leading to the destruction of tooth structure due to the acids produced on the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates by acidogenic bacteria. Bacteria colonise non-shedding oral surfaces, and produce lactic, acetic, and formic acids. Preserving tooth structure using fluoride in dental products may have its adverse effects on human health. The use of fluoride-containing dental products without supervision in children when the teeth are developing can lead to fluorosis. Therefore, the main aim of the present review was to identify natural oral healthcare products having minimum or no adverse effects in maintaining the integrity of tooth enamel. The active compounds observed in the natural plant products till date are polyphenolic compounds which contain antibacterial effects, and a potential to shift demineralisation to remineralisation. But their mechanism of action remain unclear. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of these natural products and enhance their effect.
Psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus: An emerging pathogen from foodborne diseases
Authors: Hassan Zahirotul Hikmah
Published: June 2022

Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen which has become a concern to food industries due to its ability to produce spores. The high resistance of the spores against heat, radiation, and chemical agents allows them to survive much longer during food processing and sanitising treatments, and causes recontamination of the products. Furthermore, the emergence of psychrotolerant B. cereus species able to grow and proliferate at refrigeration temperatures has raised concerns for food industries as it shows enhanced germination at low temperatures which makes the problem associated with chilled and minimally processed foods much more complicated. Temperature discrepancies often occur during transportation and storing of chilled foods at retail and consumer’s homes, which provide more favourable conditions for the spores to germinate into active cells. The present review therefore highlights the current scientific knowledge associated with this pathogen, including an introduction on the characteristics, classification, sources, virulence, and foods associated with it, as well as the clinical syndromes and preventive measures to control and mitigate foodborne diseases it causes.
Chemical composition and bacterial community changes during the fermentation of yan yu, a Chinese traditional fermented fish product
Authors: Du Bin , Lin D. , Wang J. Y. , Zhou X. L.
Published: June 2022

Yan yu is a traditional fermented fish product produced by the Dong people of Guizhou Province in southwestern China. However, despite its widespread regional consumption, little is known about the chemical characteristics and bacterial community changes involved during yan yu fermentation. Therefore, the present work assessed the changes in both the chemical and microbiota composition of yan yu during its fermentation. Glucose levels gradually decreased after an initial increase at the beginning of fermentation, whereas increase in lactic acid levels continued after 10 d of fermentation. A rapid increase in free amino acid levels was observed at the beginning, but either remained constant or slowly decreased later in the fermentation. In contrast, biogenic amine (BA), TVB-N, and TBARS levels remained low throughout the fermentation. Bacterial community analyses revealed that Lactiplantibacillus and Tetragenococcus dominated the bacterial community. Moreover, O2PLS-based correlation analysis indicated that these two genera significantly affected the chemical composition of yan yu. Furthermore, lactic acid and free amino acid contents (i.e., two major quality parameters of fermented products) were highly correlated with the occurrence of Lactiplantibacillus and Tetragenococcus. These results are expected to establish a basis for the quality improvement of traditional fermentation of yan yu.