bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"La Ingratitud" de Matilde Sánches: representaciones del exilio
Authors: Ravetti Graciela
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Este artigo reflete sobre o conceito de identidade neste final de milênio, tendo em mente questões teóricas que pensam a contemporaneidade do ponto de vista da pós-colonialidade. A análise focaliza o livro da escritora argentina contemporânea Matilde Sánchez, La Ingratitud. Palavras-chave: Literatura argentina; Matilde Sánchez; La Ingratitud; identidade.Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona sobre el concepto de identidad en este final de milênio, teniendo en mente cuestiones teóricas que piensan la contemporaneidad desde el punto de vista de la postcolonialidad. El análisis focaliza el libro de la escritora argentina contemporânea Matilde Sanches, La Ingratidud.Palabras-clave: Literatura argentina; Matilde Sánchez; La Ingratitud; identidad.Keywords: Argentinian literature; Matilde Sánchez; La Ingratitud; identity.
Uso de textos literários no ensino de língua italiana
Authors: Coelho Amarilis Gallo
Published: April 2015

Resumo: O emprego de textos literários no ensino de língua e cultura italiana a estrangeiros comprova sua eficiência na medida em que favorece a aproximação entre alunos e contextos sociolingüísticos narrados. A aplicabilidade deste corpus tão variado é ainda definida pela necessidade de romper, durante o ensino do idioma, as barreiras que dificultam a compreensão do repertório lingüístico italiano, principalmente no tocante às peculiaridades espaço-temporais tais como dialetos e regionalismos.Palavras-chave: Língua italiana; lingüística aplicada; ensino e aprendizagem de língua estrangeira; literatura.Abstract: L’importanza dei testi letterari utilizzati come metodo didattico nell’insegnamento della lingua italiana viene afermata dall’avvicinamento riuscito tra gli studenti ed i contesti sociolinguistici diversi. Oltre a questo, l’analisi di un corpus così vario, rende possibile una maggior facilità nella comprensione dei fatti linguistici peculiari, come i dialetti ed i regionalismi.Parole chiave: Lingua italiana; linguistica applicata; insegnamento ed apprendimento delle lingue straniere; letteratura.Keywords: Italian; applied linguistics; foreign language teanching and learning; literature.
Cine Letras Goytisolo Cartelera
Authors: Souza Flávio Pimenta de
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Estudo de investigação sobre a obra literária do escritor Juan Goytisolo em que se analisam comparativamente as técnicas cinematográficas do projeto Dogma 95 e as técnicas literárias do referido autor.Palavras-chave: Literatura espanhola; Juan Goytisolo; cinema.Resumen: Estúdio de investigación sobre la obra literaria del escritor Juan Goytisolo en el que se analizan comparativamente las técnicas cinematográficas del proyecto Dogma 95 y las técnicas literarias de dicho autor.Palabras-clave: Literatura española; Juan Goytisolo; cine.Keywords: Spanish literature; Juan Goytisolo; cinema.
Verdade e ficção nos "Diarios" de José María Arguedas
Authors: Monte Alto Rômulo
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Após escrever El zorro de arriba y el zorro d abajo, José María Arguedas, escritor e antropólogo peruano, tentou se suicidar em sua sala na Universidad Agrária de la Molina, em Lima, 1969, como havia anunciado nas páginas que acabava de escrever; acabou falecendo três dias depois num hospital. Através da análise dos Diarios, contidos em seu último romance, queremos discutir o papel do diário na (re)construção da trajetória pessoal do autor e na sua escolha como instrumento de anúncio de sua morte.Palavras-chave: Literatura peruana; José María Arguedas; Diarios; biografia.Resumen: Trás escribir El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo, José María Arguedas, escritor y antropólogo peruano, intentó suicidarse en su despacho en la Universidad Agraria de la Molina, en Lima, 1969, como había anunciado desde las páginas que acababa de escribir; tres dias después falleció en un hospital. A través del análisis de los Diarios presentes en su postrera novela buscamos discutir el papel del diario en la (re)construcción de la trayectoria personal del autor y en su elección como instrumento de anuncio de su muerte.Palabras-clave: Literatura peruana; José María Arguedas; Diarios; biografía.Keywords: Peruvian literature; José María Arguedas; Diarios; biography.
Michaux, "Le Jardin Exalté"
Authors: Casa Nova Vera Lúcia de Carvalho
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Esse ensaio resulta de uma leitura do texto de H. Michaux, focalizando a relação entre as artes na escritura desse autor.Palavras-chave: Literatura francesa; Henri Michaux; Le Jardin Exalté; artes.Résumé: Cet essai est le résultat d’une lecture qui montre les relations entre les arts dans l’écriture Henri Michaux.Mots-clés: Littérature française; Henri Michaux; Le Jardin Exalté; arts.Keywords: French literature; Henri Michaux; Le Jardin Exalté; arts.
Cosmogonia
Authors: Pampaloni Graziano
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Análise crítica, lingüística e temática da poesia de P. Levi Nel Principio: uma cosmogonia laica. Palavras-chave: Literatura italiana; Primo Levi; Nel Principio.Abstract: Analisi critica, linguistica e tematica della poesia di P. Levi Nel principio: una cosmogonia laica.Parole chiave: Letteratura italiana; Primo Levi; Nel Principio.Keywords: Italian literature; Primo Levi; Nel Principio.
Palavra de artista ou como decifrar uma obra surrealista
Authors: Arbex Márcia Maria Valle
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Tradução do texto Qu’est-ce que le surréalisme?, de Max Ernst, precedida de apresentação crítica.Palavras-chave: Tradução; literatura alemã; Max Ernst; Qu’est-ce que le surréalisme?; literatura francesa; André Breton.Résumé: Traduction du texte Qu’est-ce que le surréalisme?, de Max Ernst, accompagné d’une introduction critique.Mots-clés: Traduction; littérature allemande; Max Ernst; Qu’est-ce que le surréalisme?; littérature française; André Breton.Keywords: Translation; German literature; Max Ernst; Qu’est-ce que le surréalisme?; French literature; André Breton.
Les abîmes de la réprésentation: ironie et métalangage dans «La Farce de Maistre Pierre Pathelin»
Authors: Pereira Júnior Matosalém Vilarino
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Este artigo procura fazer uma leitura metalingüística da peça medieval anônima La Farce de Maistre Pierre Patherlin enquanto uma obra que representa, através da técnica da mise en abîme, a necessidade da arte de representar a si mesma e a de desierarquizar a história. Para tanto, as análises que aqui são feitas constituem uma espécie de eco dos pensamentos de Aristóteles sobre a distinção entre historicidade e verossimilhança e de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre a paródia.Palavras-chave: Literatura francesa; La Farce de Maistre Pierre Patherlin; Aristóteles; historicidade;  verossimilhança; Mikhail Bakhtin; paródia.Résumé: Cet article cherche à faire une lecture métalinguistique de la pièce médiévale et anonyme La Farce de Maistre Pierrre Pathelin en tant qu’une oeuvre qui représente, par la mise en abîme, l’enviede l’art de se représenter en lui-même et celle de déhiérarchiser l’histoire. Pour ce faire, les analyses qui sont faites à propôs de ce sujet ne sont que l’écho des pensées d’Aristote sur la distinction entre historicité et vraisemblance et Mikhaïl Bakhtine sur la parodie.Mots-clés: Littérature française; La Farce de Maistre Pierre Patherlin; Aristote; historicité;  vraisemblance; Mikhaïl Bakhtine; parodie.Keywords: French literature; La Farce de Maistre Pierre Patherlin; Aristotle; historicity;  likelihood; Mikhail Bakhtin; parody.
O uso de chats na aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Fonseca Lorena Ribeiro
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Neste artigo, justifico o uso do chat por aprendizes de línguas estrangeiras ressaltando seus pontos positivos mas, também, apontando para problemas potenciais que esta prática pode acarretar.Palavras-chave: Lingüística aplicada; ensino e aprendizagem de língua estrangeira; tecnologia.Résumé: Dans cet article, je justifie la pratique des tchatches par les étudiants de langues étrangères. J’en rélève les points positifs mais, aussi, je signale les problèmes potentiels que cet exercice peut entraîner.Mots-clés: Linguistique apliquée; enseigment et apprentissage des langues étrangères; technologie.Keywords: Applied linguistics; foreign language teaching and learning; technology.
Formação discursivo-ideológica e condições de produção na «Carta-Testamento» de Getúlio Vargas
Authors: Mello Renato de
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Partindo de concepções teóricas próprias da Análise do Discurso, tais como formação discursiva/ideológica e condições de produção do discurso, propomos, no presente trabalho, algumas reflexões sobre a “Carta-Testamento” de Getúlio Vargas, buscando identificar no texto alguns percursos semânticos intradiscursivos, uma contradição interdiscursiva, aspectos das condições e do território comum do locutor e do interlocutor, das formas de interação verbal com as condições concretas em que se realiza, além de algumas marcas do locutor e do alocutário.Palavras-chave: Análise do discurso; história; Getúlio Vargas; ideologia.Résumé: A partir de concepts théoriques propres à l’Analyse du discours tels que formation discours tels que formation discursive/idéologique et conditions de production du discours, nous proposons, dans ce travail, quelques réflexions sur la “Lettre-Testament” de Getúlio Vargas, en essayant d’identifier dans le texte quelques parcours sémantiques intradiscoursifs, une contradiction interdiscoursive, des aspects des conditions et du territoire commun du locuteur et de l’interlocuteur, des formes d’interation verbale avec les conditions concrètes dans lesquelles elles se réalisent et quelques marques du locuteur et de l’interlocuteur.Mots-clés: Analyse du discours; histoire; Getúlio Vargas; idéologie.Keywords: Discoruse analysis; history; Getúlio Vargas; ideology.
ROJO, Sara. Tránsitos y Desplazamientos Teatrales: de América Latina a Italia. Santiago: Cuarto Propio: 2002.
Authors: Lobo Carola Oyarzún
Published: April 2015

.
La chanson brésilienne et la construction de réprésentations interculturelles
Authors: Barros Maria Lúcia Jacob de
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Abordar uma canção numa aula de FLE (francês lingua estrangeira), é abordar um mundo em várias dimensões : musical, lingüístico, culural e até mesmo visual, quando é o caso de um clip. propomo-nos fazer aqui uma abordagem, do ponto de vista intercultural, entre a canção francesa e a canção brasileira. Tomando alguns exemplos e canções que foram objeto de uma versão em francês e, através da comparação desses textos/letras – o texto original e a versão em francês -, tentaremos localizar as representações da cultura brasileira evidenciadas nesse processo de criação, pela transposição de uma língua/cultura a outra.Palavras-chave: Língua portuguesa; língua francesa; Brasil; França; música; tradução.Résumé: Nous nous proposons ici de faire une approche, du point de vue interculturel, entre la chanson française et la chanson brésilienne. Nous avons choisi quelques exemples de chansons qui ont été l’objet d’une version en français et, à travers la comparaison de ces textes/paroles – le texte original et la version en français - , nous essaierons de repérer les représentations de la culture brésilienne mises en évidence dans ce processus de création, par transposition d’une langue/culture à l’autre.Mots-clés: Langue portugaise; langue française; Brésil; France; musique; traduction.Keywords: Portuguese; French; Brazil; France; music; translation.
Crítica textual & lingüística histórica: a questão dos diacríticos
Authors: Cambraia César Nardelli
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma descrição sistemática do uso de diacríticos em um texto medieval português – Livro de Isaac (cód. ALC 461 da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa) – e discutir problemas que a sua interpretação coloca para a crítica textual e para a lingüística histórica.
Musique profane et reugieuse: la présence feminine dans la musique médiévale et baroque
Authors: Cunha Viviane
Published: April 2015

La présence de la femme dans la musique médiévale est un thême encore peu étudié du point de vue social, les musicologues se consacrant surtout à la lecture des notations. Cependant, la participation de la femme dans le contexte soit de la musique sacrée, soit de la musique profane, peut révéler la progression de son rôle dans une société misogyne, comme celle du Haut Moyen Age et celle du Bas Moyen Age. Um parcours diachronique nous permettra d'observer la présence de la femme dans la musique médiévale, à partir des chansons de femmes de caractère profane, en passant par la musique latino-médiévale, jusqu'à la musique du nord d'Italie, à l'époque baroque.A presença da mulher na música medieval é um tema ainda pouco estudado do ponto de vista social, tendo em vista que os musicólogos dedicam-se mais às notações. A participação da mulher no contexto da música sagrada, bem como no da música profana revela a progressão de seu papel numa sociedade misógina, como a da Alta e a da Baixa Idade Média. Um percurso diacrônico nos permitirá observar a presença da mulher na música medieval, a partir das canções de mulheres de caráter profano, passando pela música latino-medieval, indo até à rnúsica barroca do norte da Itália.
"Guadalupe" del Teatro de la Esperanza: espejo de una realidad
Authors: Barros Cristiano Silva de
Published: April 2015

Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa a obra Guadalupe do grupo teatral chicano El Teatro de la Esperanza; o estudo mostra como esta obra reflete, como um espelho, a realidade social, política e cultural da comunidade chicana na sociedade norteamericana, e como expõe e denuncia os problemas que sofre tal comunidade em dito contexto. Através de técnicas brechtianas e de elementos folclórico da cultura chicana, Guadalupe também mostra didaticamente que a união é o caminho para superar a situação em que se encontram os chicanos.Palavras-chave: Literatura chicana; Guadalupe; El Teatro de la Esperanza; sociedade.Resumen: El presente trabajo analiza la obra Guadalupe del grupo teatral chicano El Teatro de la Esperanza; el  estudio muestra como esta obra refleja, como un espejo, la realidad social, política y cultura de la comunidad chicana en la sociedad estadounidense, y como expone y denuncia los problemas que sufre tal comunidad en dicho contexto. A través de técnicas brechtianas y de elementos folclóricos de la cultura chicana, Guadalupe también enseña didácticamente que  la unión es el camino para superar la situación en que se encuentran los chicanos.Palabras-clave: Literatura chicana; Guadalupe; El Teatro de la Esperanza; sociedad.Keywords: Chicano literature; Guadalupe; El Teatro de la Esperanza; society.
Les cultures religieuses et leurs signifiances dans les poésies des civilisations modernes
Authors: Diène Ibra
Published: April 2015

Resumo: No século XX, o recuo da prática religiosa não fez desaparecer a religião das obras, que continuam marcadas por essa prática. Até mesmo as obras blasfematórias exprimem, em seu conteúdo e forma, uma certa cultura religiosa, assim como outros textos, de temática diferente, servindo de base para a legibilidade ideológica, expressividade ou poeticidade dos mesmos. Existem, nesses textos, significâncias e funções diversas que podem ser observadas através da forma como são tratadas as culturas relacionadas com as religiões muçulmanas e cristãs nas literaturas das sociedades modernas. Atualmente, é muito raro haver uma inspiração direta e principal da religião, a menos que seja blasfematória, o que procederia dessa nova tradição subversiva, situada, recentemente, dentro de critérios de modernidade. Entretanto, nas sociedades de modernidade recente, em que o espiritual é ainda primordial, como no Senegal, a fidelidade a Deus é, às vezes, objeto poético e sua poeticidade coloca-se como meio discursivo eficaz, pela sua dupla função, persuasiva e perlocutória.Palavras-chave: Literatura senegalesa; religião; cristianismo; islamismo.Résumé: Au XXe siècle, le recul de la pratique religieuse n’a pas entraîné l’effacement de la religion dans les oeuvres et celles-ci continuent à en être marquées. Même les oeuvres blasphématoires étalent une certaine culture religieuse dans contenu et dans leur forme, tout comme des textes de thématique différente, pour asseoir le fondement de leur lisibilité idéologique, de leur expressivité ou de leur poéticité. Il y a là diverses signifiances et fonctions que nous pouvons observer à travers le traitement des cultures référant aux religions musulmanes et chrétiennes dans les littératures des sociétés modernes. Aujourd’hui, l’inspiration directe et principale de la religion, à moins d’ètre blasphématoire, ce qui procéderait de cette nouvelle tradition subversive récemment posée en critères de modernité, est très rare. Pourtant, dans les sociétés de modernité recente où le spirituel est encore d’une emprise primordiale comme au Sénégal, l’allégeance à Dieu est parfois objet poétique et sa poéticité se pose comme moyen discursif efficace à la double fonction persuasive et perlocutoire.Mots-clés: Littérature sénégalaise; religion; Christianisme; Islam.Keywords: Senegalese literature; religion; Christianity; Islam.
Le défi du nouveau roman
Authors: Arbex Márcia Maria Valle
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Neste trabalho, trata-se de expor alguns aspectos essenciais da obra de Alain Robbe-Grillet como exemplo de abordagem da narrativa contemporânea. Tendo publicado recentemente três livros, o escritor francês atravessou o século XX deixando uma influência efetiva em toda uma geração marcada pelo nouveau roman. Desta forma, uma etapa importante da história da literatura francesa pode ser retraçada a partir do estudo de seus textos, cuja renovação das formas literárias é uma constante. Além disso, o autor se interessa por diversas categorias de imagens, permitindo abordar a relação entre escrita e outros sistemas semióticos como o cinema e a pintura.Palavras-chave: Literatura francesa; Alain Robbe-Grillet; semiótica; imagem; cinema; pintura.Résumé: Dans ce travail, il s’agira d’exposer quelques uns des aspects essentiels de l’oeuvre d’Alain Robbe-Grillet, comme un exemple d’approche possible du récit contemporain. Ayant récemment publié trois ouvrages, l’écrivain a traversé le XXème siècle en laissant une influence durable sur tourte une génération marquée par le nouveau roman. C’est ainsi qu’une étape importante de l’histoire de la littérature française peut être retracée à partir de l’étude des ses textes, dont le renouvellement de formes est une constante. En outre, l’auteur s’intéresse à différentes catégories d’images, ce qui permet d’envisager le rapport entre l’écriture et d’autres systèmes sémiotiques comme le cinéma et la peinture.Mots-clés: Littérature française; Alain Robbe-Grillet; sémiotique; image; cinéma; peinture.Keywords: French literature; Alain Robbe-Grillet; semiotics; image; cinema; peinture.
Marcas da Ooó
Authors: Sobrinho João Batista Santiago
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Neste estudo,  pretendemos perscrutar, entre a escrita e o escritor, um aspecto da estética rosiana capaz de sintetizar, em alguns momentos, nas conexões das letras, como um ideograma, o caráter polifônico do texto.Palavras-chave: Literatura brasileira; Guimarães Rosa; imagem; polifonía.Résumé: Cette étude vise identifier, entre l’écriture et l’écrivain, un aspect de l’esthétique de Guimarães Rosa capable de synthétiser, comme un idéogramme, dans les connexions des lettres, le caractère polyphonique du texte.Mots-clés: Littérature brésilienne; Guimarães Rosa; image; polyphonie.Keywords: Brazilian literatura; Guimarães Rosa; image; polyphony
O papel dos intelectuais na América Latina
Authors: Costa Elzimar Goettenauer de Marins
Published: April 2015

Resumo: O intelectual detém um saber; ele possui conhecimentos que, ademais de habilitá-lo profissionalmente, podem capacitá-lo a exercer uma determinada função não necessariamente restrita à sua profissão. O desafio será sempre o de não perder de vista os valores – a ética – do papel que é convocado a desempenhar. Ética que deriva do respeito às necessidades essenciais do ser humano: viver plena e dignamente, em um ambiente onde não só esteja garantido o acesso às condições materiais de existência, como também estejam asseguradas a liberdade e a justiça. Norteando por esses princípios, o intelectual na América Latina tem sido impelido a discutir, esclarecer e denunciar o que impede a plenitude da vida humana.Palavras-chave: Sociologia; crítica literária; intelectual; América Latina.Resumen: El intelectual detiene un saber, posee conocimientos que, además de autorizarlo profesionalmente, pueden habilitarlo a ejercer determinada función no siempre restricta a su profesión. Su reto será el de tener presentes los valores – la ética – del papel que debe desempeñar. Ética que deriva del respeto a las necesidades esenciales del ser humano: vivir de modo pleno y digno, en un ambiente donde se garantice el acceso a las condiciones materiales de existencia y se aseguren la libertad y la justicia. Anclando en dichos princípios, el intelectual en América Latina se ha dedicado a discutir, aclarar y denunciar lo que impide la plenitude de la vida humana.Palabras-clave: Sociología; crítica literaria; intelectual; América Latina.Keywords: Sociology; literary criticism; intelectual; Latin America.
Memória e esquecimento em «Don Quixote»: reflexões a partir de «Lete» de Harald Weinrich
Authors: Vieira Elisa Maria Amorim
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Este ensaio propõe uma reflexão sobre a questão da memória e do esquecimento no Quixote com base nas observações levantadas por Harald Weinrich em Lete: arte e crítica do esquecimento. Analisa-se o esquecimento presente na estrutura da obra de Cervantes; as tentações do esquecimento; a relação do perdão e da anistia com o esquecimento público e a relação estabelecida por Weinrich entre esquecimento e engenho, cujo principal representante seria Don Quijote, em contraposição à memória e à incapacidade de invenção que caracterizariam Sancho Panza. Por último, observa-se como a presença da oralidade, à qual se relaciona Sancho, pode desfazer o esquema proposto pelo autor do Lete.Palavras-chave: Literatura espanhola; Miguel de Cervantes; Don Quixote; Harald Weinrich; memória; esquecimento.Resumen: Este ensayo propone una refexión sobre la cuestión de la memória y del olvido en el Quijote com base en las observaciones levantadadas por Harald Weirinch en Lete: arte e crítica do esquecimento. Se analiza el olvido presente en la estructura de la obra de Cervantes; las tentaciones del olvido; la relación del perdón y de la amnistía con el olvido público y la relación estabelecida por Weinrich entre olvido e ingenio que caracterizaría a Sancho Panza. Por último, se observa de qué modo la presencia de la oralidad, a la que se relaciona Sancho, puede deshacer el esquema propuesto por el autor del Lete.Palabras-clave: Literatura española; Miguel de Cervantes; Don Quixote; Harald Weinrich; memoria; olvido.Keywords: Spanish literatura; Miguel de Cervantes; Don Quixote; Harald Weinrich; memory; oblivion.
Maternal adjustment of offspring provisioning and the consequences for dispersal
Authors: Larios Eugenio , Venable D. Lawrence
Published: April 2015

Phenotypic plasticity in seed provisioning is a widespread phenomenon in plant populations that is often manifested as environmentally induced maternal effects. Environmental maternal effects can be beneficial if they influence population dynamic functions of seeds in a way that increases fitness, such as escaping from crowding. Using the winter annual plant, Dithyrea californica, we studied the response of seed provisioning to the maternal competitive environment and the associated seed dispersal consequences. We measured the average size of seeds produced by plants experiencing different competitive environments in order to test the hypothesis that mother plants respond to crowding by providing fewer resources to each offspring. We also hypothesized that smaller seeds produced by crowded mothers would benefit from greater dispersal away from their high‐density natal habitat. We marked seeds with fluorescent paint while still attached to the mother plant, recorded seed diameter, and followed them for nine months after dispersal, recording the distance they moved from the mother plant. Plants that experienced more competition produced smaller seeds that dispersed farther from their mother plant. Larger seed diameter was previously shown to be associated with greater competitive ability in D. californica. Thus the production of smaller seeds in more competitive environments implies a possible trade‐off between competitive ability and dispersal arising from an environmentally driven aspect of phenotype. Fitness consequences of this trade‐off in the context of the year‐to‐year variation in rainfall and density are uncertain.
Can inducible resistance in plants cause herbivore aggregations? Spatial patterns in an inducible plant/herbivore model
Authors: Anderson Kurt E. , Inouye Brian D. , Underwood Nora
Published: April 2015

Many theories regarding the evolution of inducible resistance in plants have an implicit spatial component, but most relevant population dynamic studies ignore spatial dynamics. We examined a spatially explicit model of plant inducible resistance and herbivore population dynamics to explore how realistic features of resistance and herbivore responses influence spatial patterning. Both transient and persistent spatial patterns developed in all models examined, where patterns manifested as wave‐like aggregations of herbivores and variation in induction levels. Patterns arose when herbivores moved away from highly induced plants, there was a lag between damage and deployment of induced resistance, and the relationship between herbivore density and strength of the induction response had a sigmoid shape. These mechanisms influenced pattern formation regardless of the assumed functional relationship between resistance and herbivore recruitment and mortality. However, in models where induction affected herbivore mortality, large‐scale herbivore population cycles driven by the mortality response often co‐occurred with smaller scale spatial patterns driven by herbivore movement. When the mortality effect dominated, however, spatial pattern formation was completely replaced by spatially synchronized herbivore population cycles. Our results present a new type of ecological pattern formation driven by induced trait variation, consumer behavior, and time delays that has broad implications for the community and evolutionary ecology of plant defenses.
Controls over native perennial grass exclusion and persistence in California grasslands invaded by annuals
Authors: Mordecai Erin A. , Molinari Nicole A. , Stahlheber Karen A. , Gross Kevin , D'Antonio Carla
Published: April 2015

Despite obvious impacts of nonnative species in many ecosystems, the long‐term outcome of competition between native and exotic species often remains unclear. Demographic models can resolve the outcome of competition between native and exotic species and provide insight into conditions favoring exclusion vs. coexistence. California grasslands are one of the most heavily invaded ecosystems in North America. Although California native perennial bunchgrasses are thought to be restricted to a fraction of their original abundance, the eventual outcome of competition with invasive European annual grasses at a local scale (competitive exclusion, stable persistence, or priority effects) remains unresolved. Here, we used a two‐species discrete time population growth model to predict the outcome of competition between exotic annual and native perennial grasses in California, and to determine the demographic traits responsible for the outcome. The model is parameterized with empirical data from several field experiments. We found that, once introduced, annual grasses persist stably with little uncertainty. Although perennial grasses are competitively excluded on average, the most likely range of model predictions also includes stable coexistence with annual grasses. As for many other perennial plants, native bunchgrass population growth is highly sensitive to the survival of adults. Management interventions that improve perennial adult survival are likely to be more effective than those that reduce exotic annual seed production or establishment, reduce competition, or increase perennial seedling establishment. Further empirical data on summer survival of bunchgrass adults and competitive effects of annuals on perennials would most improve model predictions because they contribute most to the uncertainty in the predicted outcome for the perennial grass. This work demonstrates how demographic approaches can clarify the outcome of competition between native and exotic species, identify key targets for future empirical work, and predict the effectiveness of management interventions. Such studies are critical both for understanding the impacts of invasion and for targeting management responses that maximize the benefit to native species.
Geo-Political and Regulatory Risk Quantification - An Approach to Quantify Risks and Their Effect on the Effective Cost of Capital of the Project
Authors: Garg Sohil
Published: April 2015

This paper aims to serve as a guideline to more proactive risk evaluation and management. Each firm is supposed to have certain amount of systematic (undiversifiable) and idiosyncratic (diversfiable) risk. By the very definition of systematic risks, it is inherent to the firm because of the industry it operates in. However the idiosyncratic risk keeps changing because of various decisions that the firm makes, including portfolio decisions. The paper proposes a technique to isolate the idiosyncratic risk of a project/business in a firm from the global portfolio of the firm. It focuses on quantifying this idiosyncratic part of geopolitical and regulatory risks. The idea is to use this quantifiable risk to understand the effective cost of capital for the project, and hence equip the project manager with a tangible decision tool for risk prioritization and mitigation, and portfolio management. The proposed framework has a broad range of applications across a multitude of projects (field operations, manufacturing, logistics etc.) and geographical locations.

The framework first identifies risks to any project using a risk assessment framework. These risks are then quantified using risk likelihood and impact factors resulting in a risk index for the project. This risk index is used to modify the Capital Asset Planning Model (CAPM) by varying the beta of the equation in order to come up with a new risk-adjusted cost of capital of the project. It also briefly touches upon quantifying risks in a more dynamic setting during the running of the project.

The framework is tested on a hypothetical project in the MENA region to show its application. In case of a project that is ‘riskier’ than the firm's average project, the cost of capital for the project increases after the framework is applied - thereby reducing the net present value (NPV) of its cash flows, and making it less attractive.
Rethinking international education through the concept of capabilities
Authors: Pham Lien
Published: April 2015

This paper calls for rethinking international education towards a transformative agenda to engender international students’ self-determination, self-reflection, agency and citizenship that would enable them to make valuable personal and social change for them and their communities when they return to their homeland. It argues for a reconceptualisation of the vision of international education to include both the instrumental objectives of skills development and jobs procurement, as well as the intrinsic value of creating substantive opportunities for people to live the lives they value. It further argues that there is a need to move research from institutional perspectives of international education providers to those of international students and graduates focussing on their personal and civic commitment within their home communities.

In the context of this paper, the terms “West” and “Western” generally refer to countries in the geographical regions of Europe including the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and New Zealand in the Pacific region. The terms “Anglo-West” and “Euro-America” are also used interchangeably with the same meaning. The terms “Asia” and “Asian” generally refer to countries in the geographical regions of East and South East Asia, and South Asia.

This paper has four parts. The first part sketches the current discourses on international education in the emerging knowledge societies of Asia. It critiques the parochial Anglo-Western values in international education discourses and calls for contending viewpoints that consider diversity of students’ cultural and social values. The second part presents Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach (CA) as an alternative framework for viewing and evaluating international education. The third part discusses the operationalising aspects of the CA in the practical contexts of its philosophical status and considers the potential of its epistemological benefits. The last part concludes the paper by summarising the discussion about the merits of the CA as a conceptualising and evaluating tool for international education.
Probiotics for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of C. difficile Infections: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: McFarland Lynne
Published: April 2015

Clostridium difficile infections are a global clinical concern and are one of the leading causes of nosocomial outbreaks. Preventing these infections has benefited from multidisciplinary infection control strategies and new antibiotics, but the problem persists. Probiotics are effective in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and may also be a beneficial strategy for C. difficile infections, but randomized controlled trials are scarce. This meta-analysis pools 21 randomized, controlled trials for primary prevention of C. difficile infections (CDI) and four trials for secondary prevention of C. difficile recurrences and assesses the efficacy of specific probiotic strains. Four probiotics significantly improved primary CDI prevention: (Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus casei DN114001, a mixture of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum, and a mixture of L. acidophilus, L. casei and L. rhamnosus). None of the tested probiotics significantly improved secondary prevention of CDI. More confirmatory randomized trials are needed to establish if probiotics are useful for preventing C. difficile infections. v
New Representations of “Chariots” in the Rock Art of Extremadura and Some Considerations of the Archaeological Context
Authors: Giraldo Hipólito
Published: April 2015

Depictions of “chariots” could be considered almost exceptional in the field of schematic rock art of the Iberian Peninsula. Their presence usually generates some discussions among researchers who are dedicated to the study of this artistic cycle to some extent.
Characteristics of Carbonaceous Species in PM2.5 in Wanzhou in the Hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservior of Northeast Chongqing, China
Authors: Zhang Liuyi , Huang Yimin , Liu Yuan , Yang Fumo , Lan Guoxin , Fu Chuan , Wang Jun
Published: April 2015

Daily PM2.5 samples were collected in the four consecutive seasons in 2013 in Wanzhou, the second largest city in Chongqing Municipality of China and in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservior on Yangtze River and analyzed for the mass concentrations and carbonaceous species of PM2.5 to investigate the abundance and seasonal characteristics of PM2.5, and organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). The annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 125.3 μg·m−3, while OC and EC were 23.6 μg·m−3 and 8.7 μg·m−3, respectively. The total carbonaceous aerosol (TCA) accounted for 32.6% of the PM2.5 mass. On seasonal average, the OC and EC concentrations ranked in the order of winter > fall > spring > summer, which could be attributed to the combined effects of changes in local emissions and seasonal meteorological conditions. Strong OC-EC correlations were found in the winter and fall, suggesting the contributions of similar sources. The lowest OC-EC correlation occurred in the summer, probably due to the increases in biogenic emission and formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) through photochemical activity. Average secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentration was 9.0 μg·m−3, accounting for 32.3% of the total OC. The average ratios of SOA/PM2.5 of 3.8%~15.7% indicated that SOA was a minor fraction in fine particles of Wanzhou.
Regulation of AU-Rich Element RNA Binding Proteins by Phosphorylation and the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1
Authors: Shen Zhong-Jian , Malter James
Published: April 2015

The accumulation of 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), AU-rich element (ARE) containing mRNAs, are predominantly controlled at the post-transcriptional level. Regulation appears to rely on a variable and dynamic interaction between mRNA target and ARE-specific binding proteins (AUBPs). The AUBP-ARE mRNA recognition is directed by multiple intracellular signals that are predominantly targeted at the AUBPs. These include (but are unlikely limited to) methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and isomerization. These regulatory events ultimately affect ARE mRNA location, abundance, translation and stability. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of phosphorylation and its impact on conformation of the AUBPs, interaction with ARE mRNAs and highlight the role of Pin1 mediated prolyl cis-trans isomerization in these biological process.
Experimental Validation of the Sensitivity of Waveguide Grating Based Refractometric (Bio)sensors
Authors: Gartmann Thomas , Kehl Florian
Published: April 2015

Despite the fact that the theoretical foundations of the sensitivity of waveguide grating based (bio)sensors are well-known, understood and their implications anticipated by the scientific community since several decades, to our knowledge, no prior publication has experimentally confirmed waveguide sensitivity for multiple film thicknesses, wavelengths and polarization of the propagating light. In this paper, the bulk refractive index sensitivity versus waveguide thickness of said refractometric sensors is experimentally determined and compared with predictions based on established theory. The effective refractive indices and the corresponding sensitivity were determined via the sensors’ coupling angles at different cover refractive indices for transverse electric as well as transverse magnetic polarized illumination at various wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared. The theoretical sensitivity was calculated by solving the mode equation for a three layer waveguide.
Development of an Electrochemical Sensor for NADH Determination Based on a Caffeic Acid Redox Mediator Supported on Carbon Black
Authors: Zanardi Chiara , Ferrari Erika , Pigani Laura , Arduini Fabiana , Seeber Renato
Published: April 2015

Screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with carbon black nanoparticles (CB) has been tested as a new platform for the stable deposition of caffeic acid (CFA) on the electrode surface. The electrochemical performance from varying the amount of CFA/CB composite has been tested with respect to NADH determination. The electrocatalytic activity of CFA/CB has also been compared with that of SPEs modified by a single component of the coating, i.e., either CFA or CB. Finally, glycerol dehydrogenase, a typical NADH-dependent enzyme, was deposited on the CFA/CB coating in order to test the applicability of the sensor in glycerol determination.
A Community-Based Approach to Identifying Influential Spreaders
Authors: Zhao Zhiying , Wang Xiaofan , Zhang Wei , Zhu Zhiliang
Published: April 2015

Identifying influential spreaders in complex networks has a significant impact on understanding and control of spreading process in networks. In this paper, we introduce a new centrality index to identify influential spreaders in a network based on the community structure of the network. The community-based centrality (CbC) considers both the number and sizes of communities that are directly linked by a node. We discuss correlations between CbC and other classical centrality indices. Based on simulations of the single source of infection with the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, we find that CbC can help to identify some critical influential nodes that other indices cannot find. We also investigate the stability of CbC.
Nonparametric Regression Estimation for Multivariate Null Recurrent Processes
Authors: Cai Biqing , Tjøstheim Dag
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses nonparametric kernel regression with the regressor being a \(d\)-dimensional \(\beta\)-null recurrent process in presence of conditional heteroscedasticity. We show that the mean function estimator is consistent with convergence rate \(\sqrt{n(T)h^{d}}\), where \(n(T)\) is the number of regenerations for a \(\beta\)-null recurrent process and the limiting distribution (with proper normalization) is normal. Furthermore, we show that the two-step estimator for the volatility function is consistent. The finite sample performance of the estimate is quite reasonable when the leave-one-out cross validation method is used for bandwidth selection. We apply the proposed method to study the relationship of Federal funds rate with 3-month and 5-year T-bill rates and discover the existence of nonlinearity of the relationship. Furthermore, the in-sample and out-of-sample performance of the nonparametric model is far better than the linear model.
A Combined Optical, Thermal and Electrical Performance Study of a V-Trough PV System—Experimental and Analytical Investigations
Authors: Bahaidarah Haitham , Tanweer Bilal , Gandhidasan Palanichamy , Rehman Shafiqur
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to achieve higher efficiency of a PV system while reducing of the cost of energy generation. Concentration photovoltaics was employed in the present case as it uses low cost reflectors to enhance the efficiency of the PV system and simultaneously reduces the cost of electricity generation. For this purpose a V-trough integrated with the PV system was employed for low concentration photovoltaic (LCPV). Since the electrical output of the concentrating PV system is significantly affected by the temperature of the PV cells, the motivation of the research also included studying the ability to actively cool PV cells to achieve the maximum benefit. The optical, thermal and electrical performance of the V-trough PV system was theoretically modeled and validated with experimental results. Optical modeling of V-trough was carried out to estimate the amount of enhanced absorbed radiation. Due to increase in the absorbed radiation the module temperature was also increased which was predicted by thermal model. Active cooling techniques were studied and the effect of cooling was analyzed on the performance of V-trough PV system. With absorbed radiation and module temperature as input parameters, electrical modeling was carried out and the maximum power was estimated. For the V-trough PV system, experiments were performed for validating the numerical models and very good agreement was found between the two.
Vitamin D as an Immunomodulator: Risks with Deficiencies and Benefits of Supplementation
Authors: Goldsmith Jason
Published: April 2015

Vitamin D refers to a class of fat-soluble secosteroids often associated with their role in absorption and metabolism of minerals such as calcium and phosphate. In recent years, our understanding of vitamin D has expanded to include its role in modulating the immune system. Of particular focus are the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on patients suffering from disorders due to dysregulation of the immune system. In patients with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, deficiencies in vitamin D have been associated with an increased risk of disease activity. In this review, we will look at the current state of research in regards to the relationship between vitamin D and immune-dysregulation. We will focus on both the risks associated with vitamin D deficiency as well as the benefits of vitamin D supplementation.
Let It “B”? The Role of Hepatitis B Universal Vaccination among Italian Problematic Drug Users
Authors: Lugoboni Fabio , Pavarin Raimondo , Resentera Chiara , Gambini Daniele
Published: April 2015

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis is extremely common among problematic drug users (DUs). As of 2012, 47 of the 53 European countries had implemented a universal hepatitis B vaccination programme, a scenario that could radically change its spread. Even so, drug users are still one of the main groups at risk of being infected by HBV, exposing the fact that universal vaccination still has not managed to reach an optimal level of contagion protection. In order to evaluate the role of universal HBV vaccination in protecting against risk behaviour related to the use of illicit drugs, a group of 748 DUs, 511 male and 237 female, was tested for HBV markers, at their first access to public addiction clinics in the metropolitan area of Bologna, Italy. 487 were born after 1981, so they were eligible to have received HBV vaccination in adolescence or at birth; in these subjects antibodies against HBV core antigen had the significant prevalence of 6.2%. Universal HBV vaccination has shown evidence of protecting against infection in the general population. These results, amongst the first to evaluate actual protection in DUs vaccinated at birth or during adolescence, show that compulsory universal vaccination does not solve the problem of HBV transmission in the most at risk groups and that additional strategies must be studied and implemented to address this issue.
Exposure to Indoor Pollutants and Wheeze and Asthma Development during Early Childhood
Authors: Patelarou Evridiki , Tzanakis Nikolaos , Kelly Frank
Published: April 2015

Background: This review aimed to summarize existing epidemiological evidence of the association between quantitative estimates of indoor air pollution with early childhood respiratory disease. Methods: We carried out a systematic literature search of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies undertaken in “westernized” countries that have assessed exposure to indoor pollutants and asthma and wheeze from infancy up to the age of 5. Results: The search, between January 2004 and February 2014 yielded 1840 studies for consideration. Following application of eligibility criteria to titles and abstracts 22 independent studies were deemed relevant for further review. Two additional studies were next identified through examination of the references’ lists of these studies. Of these 24 selected studies, 16 adopted a prospective cohort design and 8 were case-control studies. Fourteen studies assessed exposure to bio-aerosols, 8 studies assessed exposure to specific air chemicals and two studies assessed exposure to bio-aerosols and air chemicals. Furthermore, 11 studies examined the association of exposure with asthma and 16 with wheeze. Findings indicate that existing studies have reported contradictory effects of indoor pollutants levels and occurrence of asthma/wheeze. Conclusion: Additional research to establish causality and evaluate interventions to prevent disease onset is needed.