bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multispecies amplicon sequencing approach for genetic diversity assessments in grassland plant species
Authors: Loera‐Sánchez Miguel , Studer Bruno , Kölliker Roland
Published: December 2021

Grasslands are widespread and economically relevant ecosystems at the basis of sustainable roughage production. Plant genetic diversity (PGD; i.e., within‐species diversity) is related to many beneficial effects on the ecosystem functioning of grasslands. The monitoring of PGD in temperate grasslands is complicated by the multiplicity of species present and by a shortage of methods for large‐scale assessments. However, the continuous advancement of high‐throughput DNA sequencing approaches has improved the prospects of broad, multispecies PGD monitoring. Among them, amplicon sequencing stands out as a robust and cost‐effective method. Here, we report a set of 12 multispecies primer pairs that can be used for high‐throughput PGD assessments in multiple grassland plant species. The target loci were selected and tested in two phases: a “discovery phase” based on a sequence capture assay (611 nuclear loci assessed in 16 grassland plant species), which resulted in the selection of 11 loci; and a “validation phase”, in which the selected loci were targeted and sequenced using multispecies primers in test populations of Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Trifolium pratense L. and T. repens L. The multispecies amplicons had nucleotide diversities per species from 5.19 × 10−3 to 1.29 × 10−2, which is in the range of flowering‐related genes but slightly lower than pathogen resistance genes. We conclude that the methodology, the DNA sequence resources, and the primer pairs reported in this study provide the basis for large‐scale, multispecies PGD monitoring in grassland plants.
Influence of dual rinse irrigation on dentinal penetration of a bioceramic root canal sealer: A Conofocal microscopic Analysis
Authors: Gawdat Shaimaa Ismail , Bedier Marwa Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

To evaluate the sealer penetration after applying dual rinse irrigant in comparison with sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. Mandibular premolars were prepared by ProTaper Next and irrigated with NaOCl, NaOCl/Dual Rinse or NaOCl/EDTA and then obturated with a single‐cone technique and bioceramic‐based. Samples were observed using confocal laser microscopy, and the maximum depth of penetration was measured, as well as the percentage of sealer coating the canal wall and the penetration area of the sealer. One‐way anova was used, followed by Tukey post hoc test. Sealer penetration area displayed a statistically significant difference between the tested groups (P < 0.05), and the highest percentage of sealer coating the canal wall and the greatest depth of sealer penetration were found in Group (NaOCl/Dual Rinse). Group (NaOCl/Dual Rinse) displayed better sealer penetration inside the dentinal tubules than Group (NaOCl/EDTA), while Group (NaOCl) showed the lowest sealer penetration.
Clinical benefits of music‐based interventions on preterm infants' health: A systematic review of randomised trials
Authors: Costa Victor Seabra , Bündchen Daiana Cristine , Sousa Helena , Pires Leandra Bündchen , Felipetti Francielly Andressa
Published: December 2021

Aim

This systematic review aimed to differentiate and isolate the results of different music‐based interventions used with preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and explore their clinical benefits.

Methods

The last search was performed on 5 July 2021 on Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and CENTRAL. Only randomised clinical trials that explored the health benefits of music‐based interventions were considered.

Results

A total of 39 studies were included. All music‐based interventions were divided into music medicine and music therapy. The overall results suggested that music medicine interventions were associated with a significant improvement in pain relief; in turn, improvements in cardiac and respiratory function, weight gain, eating behaviour, and quiet alert and sleep states were more consistent in studies that followed a music therapy approach with the presence of a music therapist.

Conclusion

This review supports the beneficial effects of music‐based interventions on the health of preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit; however, it also offers suggestions for future studies in order to increase the number of interventions with music therapists, since the results of music therapy approaches were more consistent for physiological and behavioural outcomes.
Social distance towards schizophrenia in health professionals
Authors: Lin Chen‐Hua , Lai Tzu‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Jen , Lin Shun‐Ku
Published: December 2021

Objective

The stigma and prejudice of the public regarding psychiatric disorders are a long‐standing social problem. However, health professionals are more likely to have negative attitudes and label people with mental health conditions. This study aimed to investigate how self‐rated familiarity and literacy about schizophrenia are related to social distancing towards schizophrenia patients among health professionals in Taiwan.

Method

This study used a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey and invited respondents to complete the survey either electronically or in a pencil/paper format. Respondents included health professionals in different disciplines and students under medical placements. The survey instrument consists of three parts: sociodemographic information, the 18‐item Social Distance Scale for schizophrenia, and the 19‐item Schizophrenia Experience and Knowledge Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using linear regression models to explore sociodemographic factors, self‐rated familiarity, and literacy total scores about social distance, attitude, and opinions towards schizophrenia.

Result

In total, 420 health professionals completed the questionnaire, of which 24.5% were physicians, 36.0% nurses, 6.7% pharmacists, and 28.6% interns. The majority of respondents (n = 360, 85.7%) had contact experience with schizophrenia patients, and approximately 60% rated their experience as a positive impression. Although 62.9% of respondents had received psychiatric education or training, 86% believed that such education/training was insufficient. Moreover, over half of the respondents did not have confidence in their knowledge of schizophrenia. Older age, being married, and having more working experience were associated with high social distance, a negative attitude, and high prejudice. More familiarity with schizophrenia was associated with low social distance, a positive attitude, and less prejudice. A high literacy score was associated with a positive attitude and less prejudice, but no significant correlation was observed with social distance (β ± SE = −0.26 ± 0.14, p = .057). Among respondents who rated their past contact experiences as negative, neither familiarity nor literacy was associated with social distance.

Conclusion

High levels of self‐rated familiarity and high literacy about schizophrenia were associated with low social distance, a positive attitude, and less prejudice towards schizophrenia among health professionals. Therefore, sufficient education and training are imperative to increase familiarity and knowledge of schizophrenia. Appropriate education could be implemented from different perspectives, including communication skills, resources of social support, and topics to reduce stigma and prejudice.
Past millennium hydroclimate variability from Corsican pine tree‐ring chronologies
Authors: Esper Jan , Hartl Claudia , Konter Oliver , Reinig Frederick , Römer Philipp , Huneau Frédéric , Lebre Sebastien , Szymczak Sonja , Bräuning Achim , Büntgen Ulf
Published: December 2021

Palaeoclimatic evidence is necessary to place the current warming and drying trends of the Mediterranean region in a long‐term perspective of pre‐industrial variability. Annually resolved and absolutely dated climate proxies that extend back into medieval times are, however, limited to a few sites only. Here we present a network of long ring width chronologies from Pinus nigra tree‐line sites in northern Corsica (France) that cohere exceptionally well over centuries and support the development of a single high‐elevation pine chronology extending back to 974 CE. We apply various detrending methods to these data to retain high‐to‐low frequency ring width variability and scale the resulting chronologies against instrumental precipitation and drought observations to produce hydroclimate reconstructions for the last millennium. Proxy calibration and transfer are challenged by a lack of high‐elevation meteorological data, however, limiting our understanding of precipitation changes in sub‐alpine tree‐line environments. Our new reconstructions extend beyond existing records and provide evidence for low‐frequency precipitation variability in the central‐western Mediterranean from 974–2016 CE. Comparison with a European scale drought reconstruction network shows that regional predictor chronologies are needed to accurately estimate long‐term hydroclimate variability on Corsica.
Litter decomposition rates across tropical montane and lowland forests are controlled foremost by climate
Authors: Ostertag Rebecca , Restrepo Carla , Dalling James W. , Martin Patrick H. , Abiem Iveren , Aiba Shin‐ichiro , Alvarez‐Dávila Esteban , Aragón Roxana , Ataroff Michelle , Chapman Hazel , Cueva‐Agila Augusta Y. , Fadrique Belen , Fernández Romina D. , González Grizelle , Gotsch Sybil G. , Häger Achim , Homeier Jürgen , Iñiguez‐Armijos Carlos , Llambí Luis Daniel , Moore Georgianne W. , Næsborg Rikke Reese , Poma López Laura Nohemy , Pompeu Patrícia Vieira , Powell Jennifer R. , Ramírez Correa Jorge Andrés , Scharnagl Klara , Tobón Conrado , Williams Cameron B.
Published: December 2021

The “hierarchy of factors” hypothesis states that decomposition rates are controlled primarily by climatic, followed by biological and soil variables. Tropical montane forests (TMF) are globally important ecosystems, yet there have been limited efforts to provide a biome‐scale characterization of litter decomposition. We designed a common litter decomposition experiment replicated in 23 tropical montane sites across the Americas, Asia, and Africa and combined these results with a previous study of 23 sites in tropical lowland forests (TLF). Specifically, we investigated (1) spatial heterogeneity in decomposition, (2) the relative importance of biological factors that affect leaf and wood decomposition in TMF, and (3) the role of climate in determining leaf litter decomposition rates within and across the TMF and TLF biomes. Litterbags of two mesh sizes containingLaurus nobilisleaves or birchwood popsicle sticks were spatially dispersed and incubated in TMF sites, for 3 and 7 months on the soil surface and at 10–15 cm depth. The within‐site replication demonstrated spatial variability in mass loss. Within TMF, litter type was the predominant biological factor influencing decomposition (leaves > wood), with mesh and burial effects playing a minor role. When comparing across TMF and TLF, climate was the predominant control over decomposition, but the Yasso07 global model (based on mean annual temperature and precipitation) only modestly predicted decomposition rate. Differences in controlling factors between biomes suggest that TMF, with their high rates of carbon storage, must be explicitly considered when developing theory and models to elucidate carbon cycling rates in the tropics.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Modeling population effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a long‐lived species
Authors: Schwacke Lori H. , Marques Tiago A. , Thomas Len , Booth Cormac G. , Balmer Brian C. , Barratclough Ashley , Colegrove Kathleen , De Guise Sylvain , Garrison Lance P. , Gomez Forrest M. , Morey Jeanine S. , Mullin Keith D. , Quigley Brian M. , Rosel Patricia E. , Rowles Teresa K. , Takeshita Ryan , Townsend Forrest I. , Speakman Todd R. , Wells Randall S. , Zolman Eric S. , Smith Cynthia R.
Published: December 2021

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill exposed common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana to heavy oiling that caused increased mortality and chronic disease and impaired reproduction in surviving dolphins. We conducted photographic surveys and veterinary assessments in the decade following the spill. We assigned a prognostic score (good, fair, guarded, poor, or grave) for each dolphin to provide a single integrated indicator of overall health, and we examined temporal trends in prognostic scores. We used expert elicitation to quantify the implications of trends for the proportion of the dolphins that would recover within their lifetime. We integrated expert elicitation, along with other new information, in a population dynamics model to predict the effects of observed health trends on demography. We compared the resulting population trajectory with that predicted under baseline (no spill) conditions. Disease conditions persisted and have recently worsened in dolphins that were presumably exposed to DWH oil: 78% of those assessed in 2018 had a guarded, poor, or grave prognosis. Dolphins born after the spill were in better health. We estimated that the population declined by 45% (95% CI 14–74) relative to baseline and will take 35 years (95% CI 18–67) to recover to 95% of baseline numbers. The sum of annual differences between baseline and injured population sizes (i.e., the lost cetacean years) was 30,993 (95% CI 6607–94,148). The population is currently at a minimum point in its recovery trajectory and is vulnerable to emerging threats, including planned ecosystem restoration efforts that are likely to be detrimental to the dolphins’ survival. Our modeling framework demonstrates an approach for integrating different sources and types of data, highlights the utility of expert elicitation for indeterminable input parameters, and emphasizes the importance of considering and monitoring long‐term health of long‐lived species subject to environmental disasters.

Article impact statement: Oil spills can have long‐term consequences for the health of long‐lived species; thus, effective restoration and monitoring are needed.
Integrated pest management strategies for cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) in oilseed rape
Authors: Ortega‐Ramos Patricia A. , Coston Duncan J. , Seimandi‐Corda Gaëtan , Mauchline Alice L. , Cook Samantha M.
Published: December 2021

Oilseed rape (OSR) is the second largest source of vegetable oil globally and the most important biofuel feedstock in the European Union (EU) but the production of this important crop is threatened by a small insect, Psylliodes chrysocephala – the cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB). The EU ban on use of neonicotinoid seed treatments and resistance of CSFB to pyrethroid insecticides have left farmers with limited control options resulting in drastic reductions in production. Integrated pest management (IPM) may offer a solution. We review the lifecycle of CSFB and the current options available, or in the research pipeline, for the eight IPM principles of the EU Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive (Directive‐2009/128/EC). A full IPM strategy for CSFB barely exists. Although there are a range of preventative measures, these require scientific validation; critically, resistant/tolerant OSR cultivars are not yet available. Existing monitoring methods are time‐consuming and there are no commercial models to enable decision support based on predictions of migration timing or population size. Available thresholds are not based on physiological tolerances of the plant making it hard to adapt them to changing market prices for the crop and costs of control. Non‐synthetic alternatives tested and registered for use against CSFB are lacking, making resistance management impossible. CSFB control is therefore dependent upon conservation biocontrol. Natural enemies of CSFB are present, but quantification of their effects is needed and habitat management strategies to exploit their potential. Although some EU countries have local initiatives to reduce insecticide use and encourage use of ‘greener’ alternatives, there is no formal process for ranking these and little information available to help farmers make choices. We summarize the main knowledge gaps and future research needed to improve measures for CSFB control and to facilitate development of a full IPM strategy for this pest and sustainable oilseeds production.
CMBEAR: Python‐Based Recharge Estimator Using the Chloride Mass Balance Method in Australia
Authors: Irvine Dylan J. , Cartwright Ian
Published: December 2021

The chloride mass balance (CMB) method is widely used to estimate long‐term rates of groundwater recharge. In regions where surface water runoff is negligible, recharge can be estimated using measurements of chloride concentrations of groundwater and precipitation, and an estimate of long‐term average rainfall. This paper presents the Chloride Mass Balance Estimator of Australian Recharge (CMBEAR), a Jupyter (Python) Notebook that is set up to rapidly apply the CMB method using gridded maps of chloride deposition rates across the Australian continent. For an Australian context, the chloride deposition rate and rainfall maps have been provided. Thus, CMBEAR requires only a spreadsheet with the groundwater chloride concentration, the latitude and longitude of the sample location, and some simple user inputs. CMBEAR may be easily applied in other regions, providing that a gridded chloride deposition map is available. Recharge estimates from CMBEAR are compared against published applications of the CMB method. CMBEAR is also applied to a large dataset from the Northern Territory and is used to produce a gridded map of recharge for western Victoria. CMBEAR provides a reproducible and straightforward approach to apply the CMB method to estimate groundwater recharge.
Increasing Stormwater Capture and Recharge Using Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations, Prado Dam
Authors: Woodside Greg D. , Hutchinson Adam S. , Ralph F. Martin , Talbot Cary , Hartman Robert , Delaney Chris
Published: December 2021

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates Prado Dam in southern California for flood risk management and to capture stormwater for groundwater recharge. USACE and the Orange County Water District (OCWD) have collaborated for over 30 years to temporarily store Santa Ana River (SAR) stormflow at Prado Dam for groundwater recharge in the Orange County Groundwater Basin (Basin). USACE, OCWD, and other stakeholders are assessing Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO) at Prado Dam as a new operational approach to capture additional supplies of SAR water for groundwater recharge without affecting Prado Dam's primary flood risk management purpose. Many dams, including Prado Dam, do not directly incorporate precipitation and streamflow forecasting in their operations. FIRO is an innovative research and operations partnership that uses weather forecasting, streamflow modeling, and watershed monitoring to help water managers selectively retain or release water from reservoirs in a manner that reflects current and forecasted conditions. A recently completed study, called a Preliminary Viability Assessment of FIRO at Prado Dam, determined that increased stormwater capture, beyond the current program, is viable subject to completion of additional studies. The ultimate increase in stormwater capture is anticipated to largely be a function of community and environmental tolerance for more frequent inundation rather than operational constraints of the dam. FIRO is a promising approach to operating Prado Dam that can increase SAR stormwater capture for recharge to the Basin, reducing the need for imported water and contributing to sustainable groundwater management.
The effects of microstructure on mechanical and electrical properties of W dispersed Al2O3 ceramics
Authors: Shi Shengfang , Cho Sunghun , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru
Published: December 2021

This work aims to enhance the fracture toughness of brittle Al2O3 ceramics and apply insulated Al2O3 ceramics with electrical conductivity by dispersing second tungsten (W) metal particles. In order to investigate the effects of W dispersion on mechanical and electrical properties, Al2O3–W composites with various amounts of W (ranging from 5 vol% to 20 vol%) were fabricated by the hot‐press sintering method at various sintering temperatures. Microstructure analysis revealed submicron Al2O3 matrix grains and W particles. The existence of three phases of Al2O3, W, and AlWO4 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction patterns. All Al2O3–W composites showed higher fracture toughness than monolithic Al2O3. The toughening mechanism was attributed to crack deflection and crack bridging. Transgranular fracture was visible in all composites. Electrical resistivity dramatically lowered from 2.9 × 1012 Ω cm of monolithic Al2O3 to 4.1 × 102 Ω cm of the composite with 20 vol% W addition. The percolation threshold is calculated as 18.5%. With the increase in sintering temperature, the amount of W particles was decreased and Al2O3 grains became large, leading to the reduced number of conductive pathways formed by the dispersed W particles. As a result, electrical conductivity was decreased.
Paediatric dentists' role in child protection practice: Progress over time?
Authors: Harris Jenny C. , Baker Sarah R. , Elcock Claire
Published: December 2021

Background

Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) is a global public health problem. Healthcare professionals must contribute to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children at risk.

Aim

To determine whether paediatric dentists’ rates of child protection training, experience and practice have changed and to identify factors currently associated with maltreatment recognition and referral.

Design

A pre‐piloted anonymous questionnaire was mailed to the UK‐based British Society of Paediatric Dentistry members in 2005 (n = 789) and 2016 (n = 575). Analysis was conducted for practising dentists.

Results

Response rates were 66.3% in 2005 and 62.4% in 2016. Increases were observed in respondents’ postgraduate child protection training (87.2% vs. 99.7%), multi‐agency training (27.9% vs. 49.2%), ever suspected (67.9% vs. 82.3%) and ever referred child maltreatment (30.7% vs. 61.0%). The proportion who had suspected maltreatment but never referred a child reduced from 37.2% to 21.3%. Having referred more than five times in the preceding five years rose from 0.4% to 14.6% of respondents, yet those seeing children with neglected dentitions daily or more frequently remained unchanged.

Conclusion

This repeated cross‐sectional survey demonstrates a substantial improvement in UK paediatric dentists’ training and practice, but a gap remains between suspecting and referring maltreatment concerns such that some children remain at risk.
Interventions for acceptance and inclusion of people with intellectual disability: A systematic review
Authors: Kármán Bianka , Szekeres Ágota , Papp Gabriella
Published: December 2021

Background

The inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities is limited due to a high prevalence of prejudice towards this population. We reviewed studies to identify the most effective intervention methods that focus on acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities.

Method

A literature review was conducted using several databases—EBSCO, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The search resulted in 6728 articles, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria.

Results

Studies were largely consistent in reporting positive changes after interventions. Although there is no obvious pattern to determine the efficacy of an, long interventions or those involving direct contact may have the most beneficial effects on the relationships between people with and those without intellectual disabilities.

Conclusion

The evidence suggests that several types of interventions impact the knowledge, change in the attitudes, behaviour and self‐related constructs that lead to the acceptance of people with intellectual disability.
Tanycyte specific ablation of diacylglycerol lipase alpha stimulates the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis by decreasing the endocannabinoid mediated inhibition of TRH release
Authors: Kővári Dóra , Penksza Veronika , Szilvásy‐Szabó Anett , Sinkó Richárd , Gereben Balázs , Mackie Ken , Fekete Csaba
Published: December 2021

In addition to the hypophysiotropic thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐synthesizing neurons, a glial cell type, the tanycytes, also play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis. Tanycytes modulate the feedback regulation of the axis by regulating the local thyroid hormone availability in the median eminence where the hypophysiotropic axons terminate. Recently, we showed that tanycytes produce diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα), the synthesizing enzyme of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) that inhibits the release of TRH from the hypophysiotropic terminals in median eminence explants. To determine the importance of the endocannabinoid production of tanycytes, adult male Rax‐CreERT2//DAGLαfl/fl mice were treated with tamoxifen to induce a tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression (T‐DAGLα KO). The effect of this genetic manipulation on the activity of the HPT axis was determined. Tanycyte specific decrease of DAGLα expression resulted in an approximately 2‐fold increase of TSHβ mRNA level that was accompanied by increased levels of circulating free T4. The TRH mRNA level was, however, not influenced by the genetic manipulation. In addition to the effects on the HPT axis, the T‐DAGLα KO mice showed increased fat mass ratio and decreased blood glucose levels. These data indicate that when endocannabinoid release of tanycytes is decreased, the disinhibition of the TRH release induces increased TSH synthesis and higher circulating T4 levels. Thus it suggests that in wild‐type mice, tanycytes exert a tonic inhibitory effect on the TRH release of hypophysiotropic axons. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid release of tanycytes also influences glucose homeostasis and fat deposition.
Which factors influence the prevalence of institution‐acquired falls? Results from an international, multi‐center, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hoedl Manuela , Eglseer Doris , Bernet Niklaus , Everink Irma , Gordon Adam L , Lohrmann Christa , Osmancevic Selvedina , Saka Bülent , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Thomann Silvia , Bauer Silvia
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Falls are a highly prevalent problem in hospitals and nursing homes with serious negative consequences such as injuries, increased care dependency, or even death. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive insight into institution‐acquired fall (IAF) prevalence and risk factors for IAF in a large sample of hospital patients and nursing home residents among five different countries.

Design

This study reports the outcome of a secondary data analysis of cross‐sectional data collected in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the United Kingdom in 2017 and 2018. These data include 58,319 datapoints from hospital patients and nursing home residents.

Methods

Descriptive statistics, statistical tests, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyze the data.

Findings

IAF prevalence in hospitals and nursing homes differed significantly between the countries. Turkey (7.7%) had the highest IAF prevalence rate for hospitals, and Switzerland (15.8%) had the highest IAF prevalence rate for nursing homes. In hospitals, our model revealed that IAF prevalence was associated with country, age, care dependency, number of medical diagnoses, surgery in the last two weeks, and fall history factors. In nursing homes, care dependency, diseases of the nervous system, and fall history were identified as significant risk factors for IAF prevalence.

Conclusions

This large‐scale study reveals that the most important IAF risk factor is an existing history of falls, independent of the setting. Whether a previous fall has occurred within the last 12 months is a simple question that should be included on every (nursing) assessment at the time of patient or resident admission. Our results guide the development of tailored prevention programs for persons at risk of falling in hospitals and nursing homes.
The tangled webs we wreak: Examining the structure of aggressive personality using psychometric networks
Authors: West Samuel J. , Chester David S.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Trait aggression is a prominent construct in the psychological literature, yet little work has sought to situate trait aggression among broader frameworks of personality. Initial evidence suggests that trait aggression may be best couched within the nomological network of the Five‐Factor Model (FFM). The current work sought to locate the most appropriate home for trait aggression among the FFM.

Method

We applied a preregistered regimen of psychometric network analyses to three datasets (combined N = 2927) that contained self‐reports of trait aggression and the FFM traits.

Results

Trait aggression was highly central in the factor‐level networks, which contained associations consistent with the conceptualization of this construct as a lower‐order component of low agreeableness. The facet‐level networks revealed that the behavioral facets of trait aggression reflected low agreeableness, but that the anger and hostility facets reflected high neuroticism. The item‐level network suggested that the intent to initiate aggressive encounters was the primary bridge that empirically linked trait aggression to agreeableness.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that trait aggression is primarily a lower‐order facet of agreeableness, advance our understanding of trait aggression, integrate it with broader frameworks of personality, and suggest future directions to refine this complex dispositional tendency.
Shifting Subjectivities and Shifting Teaching: Participatory Action Research in Prison
Authors: Sosnowski Jim , Dean Bryan , Mendoza Pablo , Mayorga Orlando
Published: December 2021

Research focused on minoritized communities has predominantly been conducted by individuals associated with universities who have little connection to or investment in these communities beyond their research agenda. Oftentimes, this research benefits the researcher more than the community. This study of a peer‐taught, prison‐based, adult language, and literacy program challenged traditional research paradigms through the implementation of participatory action research (PAR). Informed by PAR epistemologies, the research team, composed of the incarcerated peer‐instructors and a university volunteer, employed qualitative methodologies over an 18‐month period to better understand how the program was experienced by its different members in relation to classroom practices and policies. We examine how PAR provided a reflexive space for us to examine our shifting subjectivities as members and researchers in the program while also challenging our understandings of the experiences of program members. Additionally, this study calls for a broader consideration of how change is defined.
“We Need People to be Woken Up and See This!” Teens Learning Through Critical Analysis
Authors: Evans Sarah A.
Published: December 2021

The continued dearth of realistic, culturally diverse characters in children's literature corresponds with the lack of diversity among those who create, publish, and review books. To address this problem, the researcher collaborated with six culturally diverse high school aged girls for a participatory action research (PAR) project that involved critical analysis of children's picture books that mirrored one or more facets of each girl's identity, with an eye to authenticity. The girls concluded that (1) omitting relevant details about a character's identities created cognitive dissonance for the reader, and (2) book creators who choose this approach create potential for cultural outsiders to glean inaccurate ideas. The positive impact on the participants included changes in their relations and/or changes in their thinking. When the project ended sooner than expected and with a different end product, the researcher's own thinking changed about measuring the success of a PAR project.
Respiratory physiology at high altitude and considerations for pediatric patients
Authors: Bebic Zvonimir , Brooks Peterson Melissa , Polaner David M.
Published: December 2021

Over 150 million people, including many children, live at high altitude (>2500 m) with the majority residing in Asia and South America. With increases in elevation, the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) is reduced, resulting in a hypobaric hypoxic environment. Fortunately, humans have evolved adaptive processes which serve to acclimate the body to such conditions. These mechanisms, occurring along a specific time course, result in tachypnea, tachycardia, diuresis, and hematopoiesis, and a shift in the oxygen dissociation curve favoring an increased affinity for oxygen. These, along with other physiological effects, including increased pulmonary vascular resistance, alterations in cerebral blood flow, and changes in sensitivity to opioids, must be considered when administering anesthesia at high altitudes. Susceptible individuals or those who ascend too quickly may outpace the body's ability to acclimate resulting in one or more forms of high‐altitude sickness ranging from the milder acute mountain sickness to the more serious conditions of high‐altitude pulmonary edema and cerebral edema, either of which can be life‐threatening if not promptly recognized and treated. Since the adaptive mechanisms for acclimatization greatly affect the cardiopulmonary systems, patients with underlying health issues such as sleep apnea, congenital heart disease, and asthma may have susceptibilities and warrant special consideration. Clinicians should have an understanding of the physiologic adaptations, anesthetic considerations, and special concerns in these populations in order to offer the best care possible.
ADH2/GSNOR1 is a key player in limiting genotoxic damage mediated by formaldehyde and UV‐B in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Jinzheng , Lv Qiang , He Yi‐Kun
Published: December 2021

Maintenance of genome stability is an essential requirement for all living organisms. Formaldehyde and UV‐B irradiation cause DNA damage and affect genome stability, growth and development, but the interplay between these two genotoxic factors is poorly understood in plants. We show that Arabidopsis adh2/gsnor1 mutant, which lacks alcohol dehydrogenase 2/S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (ADH2/GSNOR1), are hypersensitive to low fluence UV‐B irradiation or UV‐B irradiation‐mimetic chemicals. Although the ADH2/GSNOR1 enzyme can act on different substrates, notably on S‐hydroxymethylglutathione (HMG) and S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), our study provides several lines of evidence that the sensitivity of gsnor1 to UV‐B is caused mainly by UV‐B‐induced formaldehyde accumulation rather than other factors such as alteration of the GSNO concentration. Our results demonstrate an interplay between formaldehyde and UV‐B that exacerbates genome instability, leading to severe DNA damage and impaired growth and development in Arabidopsis, and show that ADH2/GSNOR1 is a key player in combating these effects.
Link between childhood tobacco exposure and childhood psoriasis: A case‐control study
Authors: Atak Mehmet Fatih , Kundakci Nihal , Farabi Banu
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Childhood psoriasis is not uncommon, and its prevalence is estimated to be 128 per 100,000 children. There are sparse data regarding intrauterine and environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the development of psoriasis in childhood. In this study, we aimed to investigate these parameters in the Turkish pediatric population.

Materials and Methods

We included 130 children with psoriasis and 390 children as controls. For each risk factor, odds ratios of psoriasis as an estimate of relative risks and corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated. Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determining the crude odds ratio. Subsequently, to evaluate the effects of potential confounding factors, multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used.

Results

Childhood psoriasis (CP) was found to be associated with environmental tobacco smoke exposure irrespective of intrauterine smoking exposure, family history of psoriasis, and obesity (OR: 2.23, 95% CI = 1.39–3.58), whereas multiple logistic regression analysis did not show a relationship between CP and intrauterine tobacco exposure (OR: 1.61, 95% CI = 0.75–3.43).

Conclusions

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home denotes an important preventable risk factor for developing CP. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between CP and environmental tobacco exposure investigating a large cohort of CP patients who have been diagnosed by expert dermatologists.
Human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus in children with lower respiratory tract infections: Effects on clinical, microbiological features and disease severity
Authors: Ademhan Tural Dilber , Yalcin Ebru , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Ozsezen Beste , Alp Alpaslan , Sunman Birce , Gozmen Onur , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural
Published: December 2021

Background

We aimed to compare the clinical findings of human bocavirus (HBoV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections, and to analyze the effects of coinfections on clinical features and disease severity in children with HBoV and HMPV infections.

Methods

Data were collected from 125 children with lower respiratory tract infections due to HBoV or HMPV, detected from nasal swap by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during the period from January, 2013 to December, 2017. In total, there were 101 HBoV (group 1) and 23 HMPV (group 2) infections in our data. The patients were further divided into four subgroups according to the coinfection status: HoBV only (subgroup 1, n = 41), HMPV only (subgroup 2, n = 19), HBoV and coinfection with other respiratory viruses (subgroup 3, n = 60), and HMPV and coinfection with other respiratory viruses (subgroup 4, n = 4).

Results

The majority (88.8%) of the patients were aged 5 years or younger. Coinfections with other respiratory viruses were significantly more common in group 1 (P = 0.001). Among patients who had nosocomial pneumonia, patients with HBoV infections had significantly longer mean length of hospital stay (LOS) than those with HMPV infections (P = 0.032). The hospitalization and antibiotic requirements were significantly higher in subgroup 1 than subgroup 3 (P = 0.005, 0.039, resp.) According to the logistic regression analyses, the LOS increased by 21.7 times with HBoV infections (P = 0.006).

Conclusions

Human bocavirus and HMPV infections are serious pathogens mostly seen in children and usually requiring hospitalization regardless of co‐infection status. The HBoV infections caused longer LOS than the HMPV infections in patients with nosocomial infections.
Associations between clinicians' emotion regulation, treatment recommendations, and patient suicidal ideation
Authors: Barzilay Shira , Gagnon Amanda , Yaseen Zimri S. , Chennapragada Lakshmi , Lloveras Lauren , Bloch‐Elkouby Sarah , Galynker Igor
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study examines how clinicians' emotional responses to suicidal patients and their emotion regulation abilities are related to their treatment recommendations for these patients and to patients' concurrent suicidal ideation and at one‐month follow‐up.

Methods

Adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 361) and the mental health professionals evaluating them for treatment (N = 43) completed self‐report assessments following their first clinical meeting. Clinician emotion regulation traits, emotional responses to individual patients, and the recommended intensity of treatment were assessed. Patients were assessed for suicidal ideation immediately following the initial meeting and at a one‐month follow‐up. Moderation and mediation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between study variables.

Results

Patient suicidal ideation at the initial clinical encounter was associated with increased negative emotions in clinicians with lower emotion regulation. Further, recommended treatment intensity was associated with clinicians' negative emotional responses but not with patient suicidal ideation among clinicians with lower emotion regulation.

Conclusions

Treatment intensification is related to clinicians' emotion regulation abilities. Clinicians' attention to their emotional responses may facilitate improved treatment process and ultimately may improve suicidal outcomes.
Feeling Black: A Conversation About Justice Imperatives in Education, Disability, and Health
Authors: Hodge Samuel R. , Harrison Louis
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to engage the reader in a conversation about justice imperatives in education, disability, and health. As counternarrative to structured majoritarian scholarship and positioned in the expressed intent of the National Academy of Kinesiology’s 90th annual meeting theme of Kinesiology’s Social Justice Imperative, we express feelings about the urgency for social justice in teacher education. To start, we operationally define social justice as advocacy, agency, and action. Next, we recommend the application of critical theoretical frameworks in conceptualizing and conducting research involving historically marginalized and minoritized populations (e.g., African American students). This conversation is theoretically grounded in intersectionality to offer a nuanced understanding of social constructions, such as ethnicity (e.g., African American) and race (e.g., Black), gender, culture, disability, and sociometric positioning regarding justice imperatives in education, disability, and health.
Radiolytic redox interplay defines nanomaterial synthesis in liquids
Authors: Ahmed Auwais , Boyle Erik C. , Kottke Peter A. , Fedorov Andrei G.
Published: December 2021

Unexpected off-target growth offers insights into electron-mediated chemistry and nanostructure synthesis.
Supplemental Material: Paleozoic–Mesozoic dispersal of Gondwana: Insights from detrital zircon geochronology of Lesser Himalaya strata, eastern Nepal
Authors: Baral Upendra , Li Shun , al. et
Published: December 2021

Table S1. Detrital zircon U-Pb isotopic data obtained from LA-ICP-MS.
Plasmolipin and Its Role in Cell Processes
Authors: Shulgin A. A. , Lebedev T. D. , Prassolov V. S. , Spirin P. V.
Published: December 2021

The mechanisms involved in the origin and development of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases are an important area of modern biomedicine. A crucial task is to identify new molecular markers that are associated with rearrangements of intracellular signaling and can be used for prognosis and the development of effective treatment approaches. The proteolipid plasmolipin (PLLP) is a possible marker. PLLP is a main component of the myelin sheath and plays an important role in the development and normal function of the nervous system. PLLP is involved in intracellular transport, lipid raft formation, and Notch signaling. PLLP is presumably involved in various disorders, such as cancer, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLLP and its homologs were identified as possible virus entry receptors. The review summarizes the data on the PLLP structure, normal functions, and role in diseases.
Flexible Spin Valves: Interlayer Interaction and Deformation Sensitivity
Authors: Naumova L. I. , Chernyshova T. A. , Zavornitsyn R. S. , Milyaev M. A. , Maksimova I. K. , Proglyado V. V. , Zakharov A. A. , Ustinov V. V.
Published: December 2021

Exchange-coupled spin valves based on ferromagnetic alloys CoFeNi and antiferromagnetic alloy FeMn are obtained on flexible polyimide substrates by magnetron sputtering. The magnetoresistive properties of films and microstrips of spin valves are measured at various degrees of bending deformation of the sample. The behavior of the dependence of the deformation sensitivity of the spin valve on the interaction between the magnetic layers and on the arrangement of the anisotropy axes with respect to the deformation vector is characterized. It is found that the deformation sensitivity decreases with an increase in the interval between the fields of magnetization reversal of the free and fixed layers in the spin valve.
Acritarch Elektoriskos? williereae (G. & M. Deflandre, 1965) Vanguestaine, 1979 emend. nov. from the Upper Ordovician of the Siberian Platform: New Morphological and Stratigraphic Data
Authors: Raevskaya E. G. , Dronov A. V.
Published: December 2021

The morphology of acritarch speciesElektoriskos? williereae(G. & M. Deflandre, 1965) Vanguestaine, 1979, previously considered as a Silurian index of the Llandovery, has been clarified, the diagnosis emended, and the stratigraphic distribution expanded. According to new data, the first appearance ofE.? williereaewas confined to the upper part of the Baksan Horizon near the boundary of the Sandbian and Katian stages of the Upper Ordovician. Co-occurrence ofE.? williereaewith representatives of the generaGordonirundum,Nirundella,Peteinosphaeridium, andSacculidiumis a distinct, well-recognizable palynological characteristic of the Katian deposits of the Siberian Platform which can serve for identification, dating, and correlation of the acritarch-bearing strata. Morphological variations inE.? williereaeare a stable diagnostic feature of the species that distinguishes it from other taxa. It is possible that the species was sensitive to paleoenvironments and, probably, highly adaptive, which allowed it, remaining almost unchanged, to overcome the global Late Ordovician cooling, which became fatal for many other groups of organisms.
Implementation and impact of mobile health (mHealth) in the management of diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dike Franklin Okechukwu , Mutabazi Jean Claude , Ubani Blessing Chinenye , Isa Ahmed Sherif , Ezeude Chidiebele , Musa Ezekiel , Iheonye Henry , Ainavi Isah Idris
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The WHO has proposed the concept of mobile health (mHealth) to support healthcare systems delivery worldwide. mHealth basically involves the use of Information and Communication Technology for healthcare provision or delivery services. Africa has seen a remarkable increase in mobile phone availability and usage in the last decade. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Africa have also been on the increase in the last decade, in sharp contrast to an ailing healthcare system. We aim to review the extent of implementation of mHealth in the management of DM in Africa, and estimate its impact in helping patients achieve desired glycaemic target, sustain control and prevent complications in the past decade.

Methods and analysis

Studies assessing the utilisation of mhealth in the management of patients with DM in Africa will be considered based on the PICO method: Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes. Medline, PubMed, SCOPUS and the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, among others will be searched. Two authors independent of each other shall screen titles and abstracts retrieved using the search strategy, retrieve the full text articles and assess them for eligibility and extract data. A third reviewing author will be brought in to resolve any disagreement between the two authors by discussion. The ‘Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool’ will be used to assess the quality of included studies. A narrative synthesis of extracted data and, where the characteristics of the eligible studies permit, a meta-analysis (which will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines) will be done.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval will be required since only published data will be used. Dissemination of results will be through peer reviewed publication and conference presentation.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021218674.