bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The site-specific integration reaction of Listeria phage A118 integrase, a serine recombinase
Authors: Mandali Sridhar , Dhar Gautam , Avliyakulov Nuraly K , Haykinson Michael J , Johnson Reid C
Published: January 2013

Background

A large subfamily of serine recombinases contains long polypeptide segments appended to the C-terminal end of the conserved catalytic domain. Members of this subfamily often function as phage integrases but also mediate transposition and regulate terminal differentiation processes in eubacteria. Although a few members of this subfamily have been studied in purified in vitro systems, key mechanistic aspects of reactions promoted by these recombinases remain to be determined, particularly with respect to the functions of the large C-terminal domain.

Results

We have developed and characterized a robust in vitro recombination reaction by the Listeria phage A118 integrase, a member of the subfamily of serine recombinases containing a large C-terminal domain. The reaction occurs in a simple buffered salt solution and exhibits a modest stimulation by divalent cations or spermidine and DNA supercoiling. Recombination with purified A118 integrase is unidirectional, being efficient only between attP and attB DNA sites to either join separate DNA molecules (intermolecular recombination) or to generate deletions or inversions depending on the relative orientation of att sites in cis (intramolecular recombination). The minimal attP site is 50 bp but requires only 44 bp of base sequence information, whereas the minimal attB site is 42 bp and requires 38 bp of base sequence information. DNA exchange occurs between the central 2 bp of attP and attB. Identity between these two base pairs is required for recombination, and they solely determine the orientation of recombination sites. The integrase dimer binds efficiently to full att sites, including the attL and attR integration products, but poorly and differentially to each half-site. The large C-terminal domain can be separated from the N-terminal catalytic by partial proteolysis and mediates non-cooperative DNA binding to att sites.

Conclusions

The basic properties of the phage A118 integrase reaction and its substrate requirements have been elucidated. A118 integrase thus joins the handful of biochemically characterized serine integrases that are serving as models for mechanistic studies on this important class of recombinases. Information reported here will also be useful in exploiting this recombinase for genetic engineering.
The predictive value of resting heart rate following osmotherapy in brain injury: back to basics
Authors: Hasanpour Mir Mahsa , Yousefshahi Fardin , Abdollahi Mohammad , Ahmadi Arezoo , Nadjafi Atabak , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba
Published: December 2012

Background

The importance of resting heart rate as a prognostic factor was described in several studies. An elevated heart rate is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and total mortality in patients with coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, and the general population. Also heart rate is elevated in the Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and the mortality due to MODS is highly correlated with inadequate sinus tachycardia.

To evaluate the value of resting heart rate in predicting mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury along scoring systems like Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS).

Method

By analyzing data which was collected from an open labeled randomized clinical trial that compared the different means of osmotherapy (mannitol vs bolus or infusion hypertonic saline), heart rate, GCS, APACHE II and SOFA score were measured at baseline and daily for 7 days up to 60 days and the relationship between elevated heart rate and mortality during the first 7 days and 60th day were assessed.

Results

After adjustments for confounding factors, although there was no difference in mean heart rate between either groups of alive and expired patients, however, we have found a relative correlation between 60th day mortality rate and resting heart rate (P=0.07).

Conclusion

Heart rate can be a prognostic factor for estimating mortality rate in brain injury patients along with APACHE II and SOFA scores in patients with brain injury.
Resolution of complex ends by Nonhomologous end joining - better to be lucky than good?
Authors: Strande Natasha Tiffany , Waters Crystal Ann , Ramsden Dale A
Published: December 2012

The Nonhomologous end joining pathway is essential for efficient repair of chromosome double strand breaks. This pathway consequently plays a key role in cellular resistance to break-inducing exogenous agents, as well as in the developmentally-programmed recombinations that are required for adaptive immunity. Chromosome breaks often have complex or “dirty” end structures that can interfere with the critical ligation step in this pathway; we review here how Nonhomologous end joining resolves such breaks.
S-waves and the near surface: A time-lapse study of S-wave velocity and attenuation in the weathering layer of an Alberta heavy oil field
Authors: De Meersman Kristof
Published: December 2012

This study used data from a three-month continuous reservoir monitoring experiment in Peace River, Alberta, Canada to measure spatial and temporal variations in near-surface S-wave velocity (VS) and attenuation (QS) in the weathering layer. The permanently buried sources generate a strong refracted S-wave that was recorded on buried 3C receivers. A method to perform receiver-side up-down separation and extract primary and ghost S-wavefields is presented. These wavefields are then used to measure near-surface VS and QS for the near-surface layer above the buried receivers, which is the top 12 m in this case. The measured VS values range between 180 and 220 m/s and QS values between 8 and 22. Maps of VS and QS show a robust correlation (low VS with low QS) and a clear spatial variation that can be associated with soil type. Both properties increase slowly over a three-month period in one section of the survey area while remaining constant in another. The cumulative increase in VS and QS is 10%.
Pseudo S-wave broadband response of C-waves after domain change
Authors: Gaiser James , Verm Richard , Chaveste Alvaro
Published: December 2012

Transforming multicomponent data from one domain to another has long been an important tool for interpretation, VP/VS analysis and joint amplitude versus offset/angle AVO/AVA inversion. Recent interest in the dynamics of these domain changes has led to investigations in wavelet distortion and correction methods for improved inversion and bandwidth for well ties (Bansal and Matheney, 2010; Gaiser, 2011; and Ursenbach et al., 2012). In this article, we derive corrections for converted P- to S-waves (C-waves), to match their effective wavelengths with the physical wavelengths of S-waves, in P-wave time or depth. We call this a pseudo S-wave response. Although bandwidth is broadened, these corrections do not completely retrieve the resolution benefits of shorter wavelength S-waves.
Accurate estimation of density from the inversion of multicomponent prestack seismic waveform data using a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm
Authors: Padhi Amit , Mallick Subhashis
Published: December 2012

Estimation of density and other elastic parameters is important in characterizing conventional, unconventional and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestrated reservoirs. While it is possible to estimate velocities from the conventional P-wave seismic data, it is difficult to accurately estimate density from such data. Because the converted wave (P-SV) reflections are more sensitive to density compared to the primary (PP) reflections, using both PP and P-SV data in a multicomponent inversion has been shown to accurately estimate density compared to using P-wave data alone. The problem of such multicomponent inversion is, however, nonlinear, requires simultaneous optimization of multiple sets of data and has multiple optimal solutions. Such simultaneous optimization is better handled by a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm in comparison to the classical approach. Applying the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm to multicomponent synthetic seismic data here, we demonstrate that this method can potentially extract the subsurface elastic parameters and density.
Continuing education
Authors: Miller Edith
Published: December 2012

For many geophysicists, their first close encounter with SEG is through continuing education (CE) courses. Providing opportunities for professional development is one of the core activities of our Society. As most members are well aware, courses are offered before the Annual Meeting, but also throughout the year in various locations, in addition to privately contracted courses at locations worldwide. Recently, the Society has expanded its public course offerings to more global locations. The key to a successful Continuing Education Program is a strong course curriculum and excellent instructors. This is where the CE Committee comes in. The Continuing Education Committee members, as well as SEG's professional development staff, are always looking.
Preventing depression and promoting resilience: feasibility study of a school-based cognitive-behavioural intervention
Authors: Stallard Paul , Buck Rhiannon
Published: January 2013

Background

The limited reach and effectiveness of psychological treatments for adolescent depression have fuelled interest in alternative approaches designed to promote resilience. Schools offer a convenient location for the widespread delivery of depression prevention programmes, although little research has evaluated the feasibility of delivering interventions in this setting.

Aims

To investigate the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a universal school-based depression prevention programme for children aged 12-16 years.

Method

A three-arm pilot study was conducted in one UK secondary SChOOl (n = 834).

Results

Interventions had good reach (96%), with high rates of consent (89%) and reasonable retention (78%). The majority of intervention sessions were delivered as intended, with 85% of students attending seven or more sessions. The programme was acceptable to students and teachers, with the specific content of the active intervention being rated differently from the control programmes.

Conclusions

Delivering and undertaking methodologically robust evaluations of universal school-based depression programmes is feasible.
Designing youth mental health services for the 21st century: examples from Australia, Ireland and the UK
Authors: McGorry Patrick , Bates Tony , Birchwood Max
Published: January 2013

Despite the evidence showing that young people aged 12-25 years have the highest incidence and prevalence of mental illness across the lifespan, and bear a disproportionate share of the burden of disease associated with mental disorder, their access to mental health services is the poorest of all age groups. A major factor contributing to this poor access is the current design of our mental healthcare system, which is manifestly inadequate for the unique developmental and cultural needs of our young people, if we are to reduce the impact of mental disorder on this most vulnerable population group, transformational change and service redesign is necessary. Here, we present three recent and rapidly evolving service structures from Australia, Ireland and the UK that have each worked within their respective healthcare contexts to reorient existing services to provide youth-specific, evidence-based mental healthcare that is both accessible and acceptable to young people.
Marginal Jobs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Unemployment Flows
Authors: Elsby Michael W. L , Michaels Ryan
Published: January 2013

This paper introduces a notion of firm size into a search and matching model with endogenous job destruction. The outcome is a rich, yet analytically tractable framework that can be used to analyze a broad set of features of both the cross-section and aggregate dynamics of the labor market. The model provides a coherent account of the distributions of employer size and employment growth across establishments, the amplitude and propagation of cyclical fluctuations in worker flows, the negative comovement of unemployment and vacancies, and the dynamics of the distribution of employer size over the business cycle. (JEL E24, E32, J63, J64)
Investors, Managers, Brokers, and Culture Workers: How the “New” Chinese Are Changing the Meaning of Chineseness in Cambodia
Authors: Nyíri Pál
Published: December 2012

China has become the largest source of capital in Cambodia. Managers of state enterprises that construct hydropower plants and roads—as well as private investors and managers in mining, agricultural land concessions, and garment manufacturing—wield increasing influence and are beginning to shape labor practices. In this situation, mainland Chinese migrants are no longer seen by the Sino-Khmer as the marginal and suspect outsiders that they were twenty years ago. Rather, for both the increasingly entrenched Sino-Khmer elite and the struggling Sino-Khmer middle classes, they are a source of business opportunities or jobs. The Sino-Khmer have emerged as middlemen both between Chinese capital and the neopatrimonial Cambodian state and between Chinese managers and Khmer labor. This role is predicated upon a display of Chineseness whose form and content is itself rapidly changing under the influence of an increasing number of teachers and journalists who come from the mainland to run Cambodia’s Chinese-language press and schools. This paper will attempt to makes sense of the facets of this change.
Templates of “Chineseness” and Trajectories of Cambodian Chinese Entrepreneurship in Phnom Penh
Authors: Verver Michiel
Published: December 2012

In the 1960s, William Willmott described Cambodia as a plural society in which different ethnic groups occupy different places in the economic structure. The Chinese made up the economic class, active in trade and commerce, and formed a definable ethnic community, both socioculturally and politically. Since Willmott’s seminal studies, Cambodia’s ethnic Chinese have endured the destruction and repression of both private enterprise and Chinese sociocultural life (1970–1990), followed by a revitalization of Chinese business. Through ethnographic case studies, this paper explores the relationship between “Chineseness” and business life in trajectories of Cambodian Chinese entrepreneurship in Phnom Penh. How do entrepreneurs deploy notions of Chinese business? The author argues that Chinese family businesses, trust-based networks, patronage arrangements, and cultural representations have indeed been greatly revitalized over the last few decades, but that they also remain challenged in certain contexts. Moreover, such revitalization has taken a fundamentally different form from Willmott’s description. Practices of Chinese business can no longer be ascribed to an ethnic Chinese “community” in Phnom Penh. Rather, as the latter has become increasingly multiform, Chinese business has developed into a template at the deployment (or neglect) of a broader category of Cambodian Chinese entrepreneurs.
Surrealpolitik : The Experience of Chinese Experts in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975–1979
Authors: Mertha Andrew
Published: December 2012

The literature on Chinese assistance to Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979), has tended to be divided into two approaches. The first rests on the argument that the Chinese revolutionary state—particularly the more radical phases such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution—provided both a blueprint and an inspiration for the Cambodian revolution. This approach suggests that Chinese experts in Democratic Kampuchea were akin to revolutionary comrades-in-arms who shared an ideological affinity as they worked alongside their Cambodian counterparts. The second approach focuses on a state-to-state level of analysis in which the human element is ignored altogether. In this article, by contrast, the author argues that the Chinese experience in Democratic Kampuchea was structured and constrained by the contradiction of technical imperatives in a milieu of deadly political infighting, as well as by the many institutional shortcomings on both the Cambodian and the Chinese sides. The author uses the petroleum refinery project at Kampong Som (Sihanoukville) to illustrate his argument.
Showing Praise in Greek Choral Lyric and Beyond
Authors: Nikolaev Alexander
Published: December 2012

In this article I examine several passages in Greek choral lyric where the verb δείκνυμι is construed with a direct object meaning “song” or “hymn” and show that this usage finds an exact parallel in the Rigveda, where the cognate root diś- is likewise employed with “song (of praise)” as its object. Greekδεῖξαι ὕμνον, μέλος, etc., “to show forth song (of praise),” is thus argued to be an archaism of the melic poetry that goes back to the Indo-European poetic language. The use of Latin dīcō of reciting verse ( dīcere carmen ) or singing praise ( dīcere laudēs ) in Augustan poets may continue the same inherited phraseology. Finally, based on these results I argue that the long problematic epithet ἀριδείκετος contains the root of δείκνυμι (and not of δέκομαι) and should be interpreted as “famous, well worth singing of, well worth praising (in song).”
The Legend of Phatta in Longus’ Daphnis and Chloe
Authors: Kossaifi Christine
Published: December 2012

The legend of Phatta, as narrated by Longus in Daphnis and Chloe (1.27), intertwines aesthetic, psychological, religious, and narratological aspects. It is linked with Aphrodite and love, with Kore-Persephone-Pherephatta and death, and with Orpheus and music. But this intricate narrative, which plays upon narrators and audience, fiction and art, is also a subtle and complex synthesis of Theocritean bucolic enshrined in the original prose form of an aetiological legend.
Flyte of Odysseus: Allusion and the hoplōn krisis in Quintus Smyrnaeus Posthomerica 5
Authors: Maciver Calum Alasdair
Published: December 2012

This article principally discusses the contest between Ajax and Odysseus in Quintus Smyrnaeus Posthomerica 5. Scholars have recently labelled the poem as a “Second Sophistic epic,” partly on the basis of discussion of the Hoplōn Krisis in Book 5. I begin by discussing the literary and cultural context of the Posthomerica , and especially the contest in Book 5, in relation to this label. I then show that the contest is closely modelled on speech-making situations in the Iliad , particularly contests of “flyting.” I discuss the nature of flyting speeches, and discuss how Odysseus is made to appropriate Iliadic flyting settings to prove his worth as the rightful heir to the arms.
The Oscan Cursing Tablets: Binding Formulae, Cursing Typologies and Thematic Classification
Authors: Murano Francesca
Published: December 2012

This article considers various aspects of the Oscan cursing tablets. In particular, it examines the binding formulae, the cursing typologies, and the thematic classification of these texts, comparing them with cursing tablets pertaining to other cultural areas. It considers also the peculiar textual and linguistic aspects of the Oscan corpus, setting it in the context of linguistic studies and the history of magic.
Orpheus and the Reinvention of Bucolic Poetry
Authors: Kania Raymond
Published: December 2012

The anonymous Lament for Bion has been interpreted as a meditation on the end of the Greek bucolic tradition. The poem, however, does not merely receive bucolic poetry as a fixed genre. The Lament brings Orpheus into the genre as a mythical model for its hero, the bucolicized Bion. The poem further reinvents its generic context by figuring all Greek poetry as equivalent or subordinate to bucolic. The Lament thereby advances possibilities for renewing and continuing the bucolic tradition, which Virgil develops as central themes of the Eclogues by way of references to Orpheus and singers with Orpheus-like powers.
After 9/11: Militarized Borders and Social Movements in the Mariana Islands
Authors: Camacho Keith L.
Published: December 2012

In this essay, I provide an ethnographic study of militarization and social movements in the aftermath of 9/11. Drawing on activist, government, media, and military sources, I examine the roles of social movements in the U.S. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and the U.S. unincorporated territory of Guam. As colonies of America’s most westernmost “border,” the CNMI and Guam constitute the Mariana Islands. I argue that this archipelago has become another site wherein the United States has increasingly militarized its borders, and in ways that have garnered the critical attention of indigenous activists and labor activists. By focusing on their respective calls for freedom, I analyze how indigenous and labor activisms challenge, support, or transform narratives of U.S. military legitimacy since 9/11.
Marriage, Moynihan, Mahogany : Success and the Post–Civil Rights Black Female Professional in Film
Authors: Thaggert Miriam
Published: December 2012

The 1975 film Mahogany destabilizes its portrayal of successful black femininity by interjecting a subtle narrative of national, familial, and racial normalcy. In what could be a retelling of Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s infamous report on the black family, the film pathologizes the heroine’s visual knowledge and professional success as a model, halts her accomplishments in Europe, and returns her to the United States. Because Mahogany emphasizes image production and circulation, and because the film reflects specific historical, political, and cultural issues that affected the United States in the 1970s, it offers an opportunity to revisit previous feminist analyses of the film and to examine the importance of visual knowledge in post–civil rights black culture.
Occupied Okinawa on the Edge: On Being Okinawan in Hawai‘i and U.S. Colonialism toward Okinawa
Authors: Onishi Yuichiro
Published: December 2012

This essay unpacks the work of imagining a new identity among Okinawan immigrants in Hawai‘i in the late 1940s and early 1950s. During this period, they negotiated the nearness of their homeland under U.S. occupation, all the while pursuing the promise of becoming U.S. citizens buoyed by immigration reform and the Hawaiian statehood campaign. Traversing the liminal space of being a citizen and an immigrant, they constructed the stories of their future to ponder the significance of occupied Okinawa on their legal status in Hawai‘i. Such concrete engagement challenged and confounded the normative idiom of what it meant to be a sovereign subject. Yet equally important was law’s role in suppressing the Okinawan immigrant sense of history and human agency. This dialectic is immanent in the little-known case United States v. Ushi Shiroma (1954), and its critique lays bare occupied Okinawa on the edge of U.S. imperial sovereignty.
“Midnight Scenes and Orgies”: Public Narratives of Voodoo in New Orleans and Nineteenth-Century Discourses of White Supremacy
Authors: Gordon Michelle Y.
Published: December 2012

This article examines “public narratives” of Voodoo in newspapers, travel narratives, magazines, and scholarly journals as a register of the shifting anxieties and discourses of white patriarchal supremacy across the second half of the nineteenth century. These popularized narratives authenticated the hegemonic narrative of white supremacy by offering “proof” of black criminality and hypersexuality. Post–Civil War public Voodoo narratives served as forerunners and companions to the myth of the black rapist, which was prominent by the 1880s and justified disenfranchisement, racial violence, and segregation. Together, these public narratives revealed widespread angst about black political power, interracial marriage, and virtually any form of consensual intimacy, especially involving white women, across the color line.
"English Liberties" and German Settlers in Colonial America: The Georgia Salzburgers' Conceptions of Community, 1730-1750
Authors: Auman Karen
Published: December 2012

Much of what we know about Germans in colonial British America is centered on their experiences in Pennsylvania and the Middle Colonies. This essay examines the lives of the Salzburgers, a group of exiled Lutherans who settled in Georgia along the Savannah River beginning in 1734, and their approach to forming community in British North America. Operating under the patronage of the Georgia Trustees, the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and Pietists in Germany, the Salzburgers built their community in a manner different from that of either the well-studied Moravians or the archetypal German farmer living in Pennsylvania's backcountry. The Salzburgers upheld a strong loyalty to the British monarch King George II, as well as a shared sense of civic responsibility to the empire and the colony that included sometimes criticizing English settlers for not being morally good subjects. At the same time, the Salzburgers made great effort to nurture Germans in America while maintaining ties with Pietist Lutherans worldwide.
New Nations, New Connections: Spanish American Privateering from the United States and the Development of Atlantic Relations
Authors: Head David
Published: December 2012

The early nineteenth century has often been cited as a crucial period of Atlantic history in which the ties that had bound together the people of the Atlantic world began to unravel, in no small part because of the Age of Revolutions. The rise of new independent states is seen as part and parcel of the decline of the Atlantic world. Another story, however, emerges from the experience of the men who sailed from the United States as privateers commissioned by the new nations of Spanish America. These privateers formed new connections between North and South America as they acquired commissions and returned to port with cargoes. In between, they also developed new loyalties. Following the actions of Spanish American privateers, therefore, shows the transformation of the Atlantic world in action as privateering encouraged people to make new ties, sometimes in spite of the emergence of new nations and, sometimes, because of it.
From Spain to the River Plate: Migratory Strategies of Spaniards in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Pérez Mariana
Published: December 2012

During the eighteenth century thousands of poor Spaniards migrated to Buenos Aires. This article analyzes the first stage of their migratory experiences. It focuses on the extent to which Bourbon policies enforced during the eighteenth century conditioned the decision to migrate and the strategies developed to travel to the River Plate. These policies were not always consistent and involved significant contradictions. In the River Plate region the Crown fostered economic growth and transformed the River Plate into an attractive place to which to migrate. This stimulus, however, was simultaneously countered by legislation restricting the free movement of Spaniards from Spain to American colonies. Therefore, most Spaniards migrating to Buenos Aires had to resort to practices that allowed them to circumvent the existing regulations. But these illegal or quasi-legal practices were accepted as legitimate by local authorities and the River Plate society, in open opposition to the norms set by the Crown in Madrid.
"Centripetal Attraction" in a Centrifugal World: The Pacifist Vision of Elihu Burritt
Authors: Minardi Margot
Published: December 2012

Beginning in the 1840s, the American peace advocate Elihu Burritt envisioned the peoples of different countries coming together in a "congress of nations" that would advance "universal brotherhood" and obviate the need for war. But this vision of peaceful internationalism was challenged by the rampant warfare and nationalism of the mid-nineteenth century. Ultimately, the bloodiness that accompanied the waning Age of Revolutions prompted Burritt to advocate a more homogenizing alternative to the congress of nations—Anglo-American empire—as the preferred pathway to peace.
The Poetics of Belonging in the Age of Enlightenment: Spiritual Metaphors of Being in Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative
Authors: Fisher Rebecka Rutledge
Published: December 2012

Olaudah Equiano's classic 1789 autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself , uses what this study identifies as spiritual metaphors of being—figurative, theological expressions of one's sense of self that carry philosophical (ontological) undercurrents. The spiritual metaphors of being that Equiano crafted emerged from his sense of himself as a modern subject living inexorably on the edge of the many precipices of modern life and existence. In this essay I read these fluid spaces of contiguity as characteristic of the metaphors of being that indelibly mark Equiano's autobiography. Equiano's Narrative teaches us that the parallel development ofWestern nation-states and empires should not be assessed without due consideration of the continuing influence of ontotheological precepts on individual thought, in spite of the eighteenth-century decline of the church as a far-reaching, powerful institution. Equiano uses spiritual metaphors of being to resist the politics of empire, a politics that ensured that polities could never smoothly transition from empires to states, that upheaval and shifting allegiances would consistently characterize an individual's existence, and that the character of modern human being would always be of a fractured but navigable nature.
Imperial Uncertainties and Republican Conflicts: Archives, Diplomacy, and Historiography in Nineteenth-Century Chile
Authors: Estefane Andrés
Published: December 2012

During the second half of the nineteenth century the Chilean state sponsored several missions to European archives to identify and transcribe official records from the colonial period. Since the immediate objective of these operations was to create a diplomatic archive that enabled the authorities to respond to the territorial claims presented by neighboring states, the commissioners gave special attention to the political reports, statistical descriptions, ethnographic accounts, and cartographic representations generated by the European scientific expeditions that had visited Latin America during the eighteenth century. Convinced of the reliability and accuracy of these sources, the envoys created a documental collection that exactly reflected the diplomatic conjuncture faced by the novel republic. But the outcomes of these diplomatic missions went beyond dealing with the immediate territorial disputes. By collecting these types of references, the commissioners also laid the bases for the first systematic efforts to study the colonial past, offering nineteenth-century Chilean historians an impressive arsenal of references that determined not only the content of their approaches but also the epistemological foundations of their works. Those colonial documents initially employed to defend the "frontiers of the state"—more precisely the idea of territory as legal property based on historical proofs—were also critical inputs for the development of a national historiography that started to interpret the colonial period as a reflection of the present. Analyzing the circulation and republican uses of colonial legal and scientific knowledge, this article seeks to explore the intersections among archives, diplomacy, historiography, and territoriality in the transition from a colonial order to a national one.
On the Margins: The Mediating Function of Footnotes in Thomas Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts-Bay
Authors: Cheng Eileen
Published: December 2012

Permanently exiled from his beloved Massachusetts to spend the rest of his life as an alien in the English nation whose authority he had tried to uphold, Thomas Hutchinson, the historian and last civilian royal governor of Massachusetts, seems to embody the image of the Loyalists of the American Revolution as "losers." Paralyzed by his conservative ideology and his dual loyalties to America and Britain, Hutchinson has seemed for modern scholars to epitomize the tragic fate of the many Loyalists marginalized by their attachment to an outmoded imperial structure at a time when the modern nation-state appeared to be in the process of supplanting earlier imperial forms. Yet Hutchinson's work as a historian suggests that the Loyalist historians were more versatile and in tune with the prevailing intellectual currents of their time than the image of them as losers has assumed. Grappling with the same issues that engaged the leading Enlightenment historians of his time—namely, how to integrate their ideal of philosophical history with the classical tradition of exemplary history and their commitment to antiquarian scholarship—Hutchinson used the footnotes in his History of Massachusetts-Bay to bring together these different genres of historical writing. As he did so, Hutchinson expressed an impartial and cosmopolitan outlook that enabled him at once to transcend and to mediate between his colonial and imperial loyalties. Thus, the apparent colorlessness and incoherence of Hutchinson's history were actually the product of his effort to negotiate between both his colonial and imperial loyalties and conflicting definitions of history as a discipline.
The Caribs of St. Vincent and Indigenous Resistance during the Age of Revolutions
Authors: Kim Julie Chun
Published: December 2012

Although recent scholarship on the Haitian Revolution has emphasized the centrality of African actors in fomenting change in the Atlantic world, the roles that indigenous peoples played during the Age of Revolutions have largely been ignored. This essay counteracts this neglect by examining the history of the Caribs of St. Vincent, whose participation in the Second Carib War (1795-96) posed a serious threat to British rule in the Caribbean. The Caribs of St. Vincent are more commonly known as the Black Caribs, a moniker used by British chroniclers to downplay the Caribs' aboriginal status and territorial claims to St. Vincent. Yet Amerindians had first inhabited St. Vincent during the precolonial era and hence well before Britain claimed possession of the island in 1763. Furthermore, they turned the island into a "Carib Republic," or refuge from imperial control, by incorporating runaway Africans, many of whom came from nearby British colonies, into their numbers. They also formed alliances with the governments of neighboring French colonies, which aided them during the Second Carib War. Although the British ultimately won the war, it nevertheless represents a unique attempt by a multiracial, Amerindian-led force to take advantage of revolutionary turmoil and maintain their territorial autonomy.
Trans-Atlantic Anti-Jacobinism: Reaction and Religion
Authors: Den Hartog Jonathan
Published: December 2012

This article identifies an important transnational political ideology and identity in the Atlantic world in the 1790s-1810s: trans-Atlantic Anti-Jacobinism. Opposition to the French Revolution, although present in individual nations, gained force and variety through connections forged between individuals from the European Continent to Great Britain, Canada, and the United States. Lines of communication that were formed through the practices of writing and printing, correspondence, diplomacy, and travel kept the movement unified against a common enemy. The two most salient elements of this Anti-Jacobinism were concerns over political reaction and religion or, stated differently, vigorous defenses of the established political order and the received religious belief, Protestant or Catholic Christianity. Interlocked, these two main concerns of Anti-Jacobins inspired active response. Ironically, a desire to defend individual nations, political arrangements, and faith traditions led to a political alignment that crossed national boundaries and bound individuals together in a common cause. The formation and operation of Anti-Jacobinism thus occurred simultaneously on subnational and supranational levels, demonstrating the multiple valences of political opinion in the Age of Revolutions.
"Good and Kind Benefactors": British Logwood Merchants and Boston's Christ Church
Authors: Newton Ross A.
Published: December 2012

In the spring of 1727 members of Christ Church in Boston's North End received word that British logwood merchants residing along the Bay of Honduras intended to contribute over one hundred tons of costly dyewood to the newly constructed church. Although their settlements on the periphery of the Spanish American empire were not official English colonies, and they traded with all nations, British logwood cutters—known as Baymen—maintained strong ties to the British Empire, and this gift embedded them in the inner workings of Christ Church. This act of patronage by a small group of logwood merchants enhanced the Baymen's collective commercial reputation and provided an example of benevolence worthy of emulation, marking them as participants in a trans-Atlantic network of Anglicans who financially supported needy New England churches. As a gesture of thanks, the church furnished a prominently located double pew for these merchants' exclusive use. The Baymen's pew was a fixture at Christ Church for over thirty years, during which time church vestrymen actively solicited and procured logwood from the Bay of Honduras, and Baymen participated in religious life and governance at Christ Church. This article places the story of the Baymen's pew and larger trade in logwood within the imperial rivalries and voluntary associations of religion and commerce that characterized the mid-eighteenth-century Atlantic.
Competing Loyalties: Nationality, Church Governance, and the Development of an American Catholic Identity
Authors: Gillikin Margaret Wilson
Published: December 2012

The Catholic community in Charleston, South Carolina, found itself torn by competing identities and conflicting ideas about how to be Catholic in the new American democracy. During the late eighteenth century hundreds of refugees arrived in Charleston from France and Saint Domingue as a result of the French and Haitian Revolutions, and numerous immigrants from Ireland found their way to Charleston as well. A complicated struggle over who should be their priest, the one chosen by the local trustees or the one appointed by their bishop in Baltimore, developed and tore the worshiping community apart. Debates like the one that occurred in Charleston were common during the early republican era; and, traditionally, historians have viewed them as evidence that local congregations wanted to impose republican governmental structures on their church. What is often missing from these interpretations is an examination of the immigrant content of the individual congregations. Using ecclesiastical correspondence, published treatises, and personal papers, this article argues that finding acceptance among Charleston's residents was the primary goal of the city's Catholics, and this common goal allowed them to unite across cultural barriers and ultimately bring about change in the Catholic Church.
“I Just Want to Help People”: Young Women’s Gendered Engagement with Engineering
Authors: Bystydzienski Jill M. , Brown Adriane
Published: December 2012

Research on women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has focused scant attention on how young women engage with the gendered construction of engineering as they decide whether or not to enter the field. Drawing on data from a study of more than a hundred diverse girls who participated in a National Science Foundation intervention and research project titled Female Recruits Explore Engineering (FREE), the article shows that their involvement with engineering is strongly gendered. The study participants were aware that engineering is male-dominated and not particularly open to women. They, especially the white and economically privileged girls, were also skeptical regarding the gendered messages they were receiving via programs designed to attract them to engineering. However, once the participants began to engage with engineering—through the selection of possible fields of study and by executing engineering projects—they did so in stereotypically gendered ways. The article’s findings indicate that the girls’ perceptions and choices are influenced by the presentation of engineering on websites, at career fairs, and through other venues designed to attract young women to engineering.
Modesty and Feminisms: Conversations on Aesthetics and Resistance
Authors: Hahner Leslie A. , Varda Scott J.
Published: December 2012

In the last decade, hundreds of advocates in blogs, magazines, and social networking sites have promoted modesty as an empowering style. By dressing and acting modestly, girls and young women are promised the capacity to effectively deflect sexual objectification. Popular feminist critics have responded to these efforts by labeling modesty as a postfeminist advocacy that simply employs the language of feminism to promote aims that injure girls and young women and the goals of feminist projects. Reading both discourses that encourage modesty and feminist criticisms of modesty, the article suggests that these discussions use the figure of the autonomous subject to generate a division between modesty and feminisms that limits the capacity for young people’s agency. It argues that modesty might be productively read as an outgrowth of aesthetic-based feminist claims that equate empowerment with autonomous individual choice. As such, the connections between these discursive communities—especially the limits and possibilities of aesthetic resistance tactics—provide critical guidance for collaborative dialogue.
Going Rogue: Postfeminism and the Privilege of Breaking Rules
Authors: Jolles Marjorie
Published: December 2012

The article explores the imperatives of postfeminism, specifically the dual mandates of what Shelley Budgeon (2011) calls “successful femininity”: self-invention and self-regulation. Using examples from contemporary American middlebrow fashion culture, it analyzes the way postfeminist ideology requires its subjects to fulfill these mandates by both following and breaking rules. Through this analysis, the article argues that a key feature of postfeminism is a detachment toward rules and those who follow them, which it traces to both an earlier feminist skepticism toward norms and a pronounced anxiety in middlebrow culture over femininity and individuality. It further argues that this detachment is an iteration of class privilege and is enacted through class violence, suggesting that postfeminism is above all a phenomenon of class as much as gender. Ultimately, the article argues that a postfeminist celebration of rule-breaking as a practice of successful femininity leads to inaccurate and dangerous notions of women’s agency, vividly exemplified in the figure of Sarah Palin, whose rogue affect both claims and disavows feminism.
A Threat to the Nation: México Marimacho and Female Masculinities in Postrevolutionary Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Alfaro Sofia
Published: December 2012

Literature, among other artistic expressions, played a relevant role in the construction of Mexicanness— lo mexicano —a concept that began to be articulated in the decades following the Mexican Revolution. In this article I examine the novel México marimacho (1933) by Mexican writer Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta (1859–1935), in which I analyze the literary representation of the marimacho —mannish woman—as a female masculinity figure that embodies the cultural and socioeconomic changes that women experienced in the 1920s and 1930s in Mexico. Also, I explore the crucial role played by the patriarchal and heteronormative discourses used in the novel to construct and construe the literary representation of the marimacho : the novel of the revolution and its stereotyped character of the female soldier— la soldadera —and the pervasive medical discourse that in the text dissects and diagnoses the marimacho as an abject and “ill” body present in Mexico’s postrevolutionary era.
How to Read Copi: A Historiography of the Margins
Authors: Edwards Matthew
Published: December 2012

Copi was many things. Among them, he was known as Raúl Damonte Taborda, and was an Argentine novelist, dramaturge, actor, director, and cartoonist, who called Paris home. His life and times present a story marked by his own marginality, but also by his simultaneous protagonism in multiple and diverse social, political, and artistic environments. The following study looks critically at how to approach such a past and uses Copi’s own view of subjectivity as a historical model that embraces the confusion, contradiction, and chaos that characterized his life. Remembering Copi in this way proposes that the memory of marginal subjectivity be addressed and narrated from the margins of dominant epistemologies and independently from the clarity and cohesion associated with traditional historiography.
El sueño de la modernidad produce monstruos: el cómic disidente de Enric Sió en el tardofranquismo
Authors: Villamandos Alberto
Published: December 2012

En este artículo se propone una lectura crítica de Mara , la obra principal del autor de cómics catalán Enric Sió, dentro del contexto del tardofranquismo. Sió, miembro de la gauche divine de Barcelona—un grupo de intelectuales y profesionales de clase alta—, representa en Mara no solo el ambiente de violencia política y represión durante el régimen. También, a través de la simbólica familia que protagoniza el cómic, el autor se refiere al apoyo activo de la burguesía catalana a la dictadura y a la postura ambigua de la gauche divine , entre sus privilegios y la disidencia. El concepto de Sigmund Freud de lo inquietante o siniestro servirá como herramienta en el análisis, a la hora de mostrar los vínculos entre política represiva, sadismo sexual y una identidad nacional “fantasmática”.
The Greatest Collector: Ribadeneira’s Hagiography of Loyola as Struggle Against Dispersion
Authors: Conrod Frédéric
Published: December 2012

The Vida del padre Ignacio , started sixteen years after the death of the Jesuit founder, was Ribadeneira’s lifetime project. In order to become the most successful hagiographer of the founding saint of the Society of Jesus, Ribadeneira needed to reform some of the outdated techniques of hagiographies, a popular genre of the Middle Ages in vogue again during the reign of Felipe III. Ribadeneira emphasized Loyola’s everyday life gestures more than miracles as a way to promote Spanish lifestyle as model for Roman Counter-Reformation, and to prevent readers from dispersion (the physical opposite of collection). While dispersion can lead Christians to the Protestant Reformation, collection enables the Jesuit hagiographer to redirect believers toward the center, i.e., Roman Catholicism. In the light of critical observations from Michel de Certeau and Walter Benjamin, this article underlines the centrifuge qualities of the act of collecting when applied to hagiographies.
Fiction and Fictitious Capital in Julián Martel’s La Bolsa
Authors: Beckman Ericka
Published: December 2012

This essay examines Julián Martel’s novel La Bolsa (1891) as a contradictory response to Argentina’s first wide-scale financial melt-down, the Baring Crisis of 1890. Through an analysis of this work, I show how novelistic form attempted to explain the causes and consequences of economic crisis. While most critics have accepted this novel’s antifinancial stance at face value, this essay argues that La Bolsa endeavors to explain crisis in such a way as to shore up belief in the very market system that had created the disaster in the first place. In this manner, I argue, La Bolsa can be read as a “supplement” to economic ideology. At the same time, the essay points to ways in which economic ideology depends upon narrative structures to explain recurrent market failures.