bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÍNDICES DE SELECCIÓN GENÉTICA PARA CARACTERES DE PESOS AL NACIMIENTO, DESTETE Y GANANCIA DE PESO EN LLAMAS (Lama glama, Linnaeus, 1.758)
Authors: APAZA ZUÑIGA EDGAR , QUISPE COAQUIRA JESUS
Published: July 2015

4002 registros de pesos al nacimiento y destete de llamas cría, correspondientes a las campañas ganaderas de los años 1987-2011 y 1998-2011, pertenecientes a los CIPs La Raya de la UNA y Quimsachata del INIA, respectivamente, del departamento de Puno, fueron analizados a objeto de determinar Índices de selección genética y la precisión de los mismos. Se determinó el Índice de selección clásico, acorde con la teoría de Smith y Hazel, el Índice con valores de cría predichos (VCPs), obtenido por la metodología BLUP mediante el programa VCE-6; considerando caracteres de: peso al nacimiento (PENAC), peso al destete (PDEST) y ganancia de peso medio diario (GPPD). Se determinó el Índices clásico e Índice con VCPs, restringidos, considerando al carácter GPPD constante. Los pesos económicos fueron determinados como la inversa de la desviación típica fenotípica de cada carácter. De los resultados se infiere que el Índice estructurado con valores de cría predichos (VCPs) fue el que mejor predice (r HI  0.6506) su mérito genético, respecto del Índice Smith-Hazel (r HI  0.5010); es evidente que en estos Índices no toda la variabilidad del Agregado genotípico H es explicado por I. En los Índices restringidos, el estructurado con VCPs es mejor como predictor de su correspondiente H, (r HI  0.2703), respecto de su correspondiente Índice Smith-Hazel (r HI  0.1226), en ambos casos, son poco explicativos de sus correspondientes méritos genéticos. Los Índices de selección, como procedimiento de valoración genética, son útiles para la implementación de programas de mejora genética en los hatos de esta especie animal.

PALABRAS CLAVE: * Índices de selección * VCPs * BLUP * pesos económicos
SISTEMA MÓVIL AUTOMÁTICO PARA INCREMENTAR LA OBTENCIÓN DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA DE UN PANEL FOTOVOLTAICO EN EL DISTRITO DE HUANCAVELICA
Authors: GONZALES SAENZ WOHLER
Published: July 2015

La investigación surge por la existencia de una insuficiente obtención de energía eléctrica en paneles fotovoltaicos con instalación fija en el distrito de Huancavelica; por lo tanto, se buscó determinar el incremento de la energía eléctrica de un panel fotovoltaico con sistema móvil automático en comparación a otro panel fotovoltaico fijo. El estudio se desarrolló en el distrito de Huancavelica (Longitud Oeste 74°582 173 , latitud Sur 12°472 063 y altitud 3676 m.s.n.m.); la investigación contempló la revisión bibliográfica, análisis, diseño, simulación, experimentación y procesamiento de datos. Para el experimento y muestreo de datos se utilizó un aplicativo informático que fue desarrollado en el lenguaje de programación LabView y cuya interface de comunicación serial estuvo conectado al Microcontrolador PIC16F876A y la tarjeta NI 6008 de National Instruments. 

El experimento se efectuó durante 10 días, entre el 07 y 26 de abril de 2014 con un tiempo de muestreo de 03 minutos por cada paquete de datos en el horario de 06:00am y 18:00pm. El experimento demostró que el panel fotovoltaico con sistema móvil automático incrementa la energía eléctrica en un 27,3% con respecto al panel fotovoltaico fijo. El incremento de la energía eléctrica según la distribución horaria fue de 31,67%, 18,51% y 49,63% de la totalidad energética obtenida en los horarios de 06:00-10:00am, 10:00am-14:00pm y 14:00-18:00pm respectivamente. La ortogonalidad solar obtenida del sistema móvil automático fue de 97.92% para el eje «X» y 98,26% para el eje «Y», respaldando así el incremento energético obtenido (27,3%) en la presente investigación.
«LAS CONSECUENCIAS Y SU AFECTACION A LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES POR EL ARRESTO CIUDADANO Y EL ABUSO DEL DERECHO»
Authors: BACA GARCIA JHONY
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo, se basa en la realidad que hoy en día el Nuevo Código Procesal Penal regula en su artículo 260, respecto al arresto ciudadano que faculta a los ciudadanos de a pie a arrestar a un delincuente in fraganti, es decir inmediatamente después de realizar un hecho punible, debiendo ponerlo de inmediato a disposición de la comisaría más cercana de la Policía Nacional del Perú, para que se proceda de acuerdo a los procedimientos establecidos por la ley, respetando todas las garantías que presta el nuevo código procesal penal y la constitución Política del Estado, así como las normas y tratados internacionales de los que el Perú es parte, en concordancia con el debido proceso, sin embargo en la norma bajo comentario se han detectado falencias por falta de capacitación en las personas facultadas, es decir los ciudadanos organizados para prevenir los ilícitos penales que pudieran generarse en sus comunidades abusan del derecho que les faculta, por cuanto estos se exceden en el maltrato y abuso de los delincuentes que son sorprendidos y arrestados vulnerando sus derechos fundamentales como son la integridad física, moral y hasta la propia vida siendo ajusticiados por la furia de la turba siendo ajusticiados y maltratados, pasando los ciudadanos de colaboradores de la justicia a denunciados por lesiones leves, graves y hasta por homicidio, a causa de una mala interpretación o desinformación de la facultad que poseen, con mayor incidencia en las zonas urbano marginales y comunidades campesinas. 
Para mitigar este desliz social considero que el Estado debe organizar a los ciudadanos que integran las rondas de seguridad de sus comunas con un trabajo en conjunto con la Policía Nacional del Perú y las municipalidades a través de sus serenazgos. 
En el presente artículo, hemos desarrollado una vasta explicación e interpretación de las normas procesales penales que constituyen el mecanismo legal del tratamiento a los delincuentes que son sorprendidos en flagrancia delictiva, describiendo los requisitos fácticos que prevé la legislación, así como la ilegalidad en el actuar abusivo de la facultad de la que están premunidos y la defensa legal que todos los seres humanos contamos de acuerdo a los derechos humanos y el respeto a la dignidad por el derecho a la vida, lo que está establecido puntualmente en las conclusiones arribadas en el presente artículo.
LOS PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS DE LATINOAMÉRICA Y LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE SU IDENTIDAD ÉTNICA
Authors: RIVERA VELA ENRIQUE
Published: July 2015

El renacer de la identidad étnica es un fenómeno que ha cobrado fuerza entre las poblaciones de los pueblos originarios de Latinoamérica en los últimos años. En algunos países, tal es el caso de Bolivia, como parte del proyecto político del Estado y, en la mayoría, por la propia dinámica mundial de una mayor apertura y respeto a la diversidad cultural, donde ser el «otro» o «distinto» culturalmente, está dejando de tener connotaciones peyorativas, aunque en la práctica persistan comportamientos y actitudes subordinantes hacia quienes no tienen y/o adoptan los modelos de la cultura dominante. En este estudio, a partir de testimonios de líderes de diversos pueblos originarios de Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, México y Perú, se reflexionó sobre la manera cómo los pueblos originarios latinoamericanos están construyendo sus identidades étnicas, llegando a concluir que ésta es construida a partir de una visión primordialista, donde la tierra, el idioma y la espiritualidad se presentan como sus principales marcadores identitarios.
Produção de geléia real por abelhas africanizadas em Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Daniel Santiago , Paiva Charle Da Sllva , Mendes Alba Regina Andrade , Batista Jael Soares , Maracaja Patricio Borges
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho foi realizado com o intuito de avaliar a produção de geleia real de abelhas africanizadas com a utilização de diferentes concentrações de água de coco no substrato-base das larvas. O experimento foi realizado durante o mês de agosto de 2010 na Fazenda Experimental da UFERSA, Mossoró-RN. Para produção da geleia real foi utilizado o método Doolittle, utilizando-se cúpulas de acrílico de cor laranja. Cada cúpula recebeu 300 µl de solução com geleia real (GR). Foram utilizadas 03 colmeias mini-recria modelo Ribeirão Preto. Os tratamentos testados constaram de solução de GR diluída em água de coco nas seguintes concentrações: 25% de GR;  50% de GR; e 75% de GR. Cada parcela foi composta de 20 cúpulas, sendo contabilizadas apenas as cúpulas com larvas aceitas pelas operárias para o cálculo das variáveis: PA - Percentual de aceitação de larvas; PL - Peso das larvas; PGR - Produção por cúpula de GR; GRT - Produção de Geleia Real total. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se ANOVA em blocos casualizados com 03 repetições, e os tratamentos também foram comparadas por analise de regressão linear com o auxilio do software R versão 2.13.0. Verificou-se efeito significativo para a aceitação das larvas (P>0,01) e a variável produção de geleia real por tratamento (P>0,05), o peso das larvas, submetidos aos tratamentos, não mostrou efeito significativo. Houve influencia da concentração de substrato ofertado às larvas transferidas na aceitação das mesmas pelas operárias e na produção de geleia real. Conclui-se que o uso do substrato com geleia real influencia no índice de aceitação e sobrevivência das larvas e que o uso da água de coco na diluição da geleia real apresentou resultados satisfatórios. 
Produção de abelhas rainha européias (Apis mellifera), utilizando diferentes métodos de manejo em Captain Cook, Havai, EUA
Authors: Pereira Daniel Santiago , Coelho Wesley Adson Costa , Blanco Benito Soto , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se verificar a influencia do uso de diferentes métodos de manejo nas colmeias recria, na aceitação de larvas para produção de abelhas rainha (Apis melífera ligustica). O trabalho foi conduzido durante o mês de agosto de 2008, na Hawaiian Queen CO, cidade de Captain Cook, estado do Havaí, EUA. Foi utilizado o método proposto por Doolittle (1899), utilizando-se cúpulas de acrílico. Os tratamentos foram: T1- colmeia recria com rainha composta por um ninho, tela excluidora e sobreninho (recria); T2- colmeia Recria com rainha composta por ninho, sobreninho 1, tela excluidora e sobreninho 2 (recria); T3- Introdução das larvas transferidas para ambiente com abelhas operárias órfãs e transferencia para uma colmeia recria com rainha composta por um ninho, tela excluidora e sobreninho (recria); T4- Introdução das larvas transferidas para ambiente com abelhas operárias órfãs e transferencia para uma colmeia recria com rainha composta por um ninho, sobreninho, tela excluidora e sobreninho (recria). Após execução do teste da normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, foi executado o teste t para amostras independentes e Mann-Whitney. Verificou-se significância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade entre os tratamentos, ou seja, os tratamentos 1, 3 e 4 mostraram-se mais eficientes para aceitação das larvas e produção de rainhas.
Nível tecnológico empregado no manejo para produção de mel de Apis mellifera L. em três municípios do Alto Oeste Potiguar
Authors: Souza Eduardo Alves de , Vaz Rodrigo da Silva , Silva Francisco Éverton Jales da , Pereira Daniel Santiago , Holanda Neto João Paulo de
Published: July 2015

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as técnicas de manejo utilizadas na produção de mel nos municípios de Marcelino Vieira, Pau dos Ferros e Portalegre, Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo foi realizado no mês de março de 2014 com a aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado com 25 apicultores, cuja as variáveis foram: uso do sombreamento para as colmeias, fornecimento de água no apiário, alimentação artificial no período de estiagem, identificação de inimigos naturais, utilização de redutor de alvado, uso de proteção contra inimigos naturais nos cavaletes, e o povoamento das colmeias de março de 2013 a março de 2014. Constatou-se que a maioria dos produtores faziam uso do sombreamento para as colmeias no apiário (72,0%), e, somente 40,0% forneceram suprimento extra de água no período de estiagem. Na suplementação de alimento às abelhas, apenas 16,0% ofertaram este recurso. Foi identificado a presença de inimigos naturais, predominando a traça da cera (Galleria mellonella), com 56,0%, e a arapuá (Trigona spinipes), com 32,0%. No emprego da redução de alvado, 20,0% dos apicultores utilizaram a técnica. Já na proteção dos cavaletes, o uso foi de 56,0%. Observou-se, ainda, a média de colmeias por apicultor, que em 2013 foi de 22,6; e em 2014 de 26,5. Conclui-se, com o observado, que os apicultores entrevistados possuem conhecimento mediano acerca das técnicas de importância apícola, e que a constatação a respeito da amostra aplicada foi relativamente positiva.
O uso de agrotóxicos pelos agricultores da comunidade Baixa do Juá, Santana de Mangueira - PB
Authors: Pereira Jocimario Alves , Jesus Joelma F. V. de , Silva Natanaelma C. da
Published: July 2015

Os agrotóxicos foram introduzidos no Brasil na década de 60, na época o governo criou um plano nacional de defensivos agrícolas, baseado e argumentado pela “Revolução Verde”, onde as práticas modernas se expandem, uso de máquinas, sementes geneticamente modificadas aparecem e o uso de defensivos químicos (agrotóxicos) se populariza.  Com políticas publicas favoráveis a esse setor, hoje o país passou a ser apontado em varias pesquisas como maior consumidor de insumos químicos. Desta forma interiorizando no Brasil novas tecnologias de manejo e práticas agrícolas como uso de agrotóxicos. Este trabalho objetiva investigar o uso de defensivos químicos na produção agrícola da comunidade Baixa do Juá município de Santana de Mangueira - PB, avaliando as possíveis consequências dessa prática no âmbito pessoal e profissional. O trabalho constou de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, com pesquisa documental, pesquisa de campo, entrevistas e questionários, junto aos produtores associado à ASPROBAJA (Associação dos Produtores Rurais da comunidade Baixa do Juá) que residem no perímetro da comunidade.  A conjectura do trabalho revela a situação de precariedade ao assistencialismo agrícola, em pequenas comunidades, abandonada pelo poder público, expondo a necessidade de um trabalho educativo e estruturante de dispositivos que possam fortalece o setor.
Does wildfire likelihood increase following insect outbreaks in conifer forests?
Authors: Meigs Garrett W. , Campbell John L. , Zald Harold S. J. , Bailey John D. , Shaw David C. , Kennedy Robert E.
Published: July 2015

Although there is acute concern that insect‐caused tree mortality increases the likelihood or severity of subsequent wildfire, previous studies have been mixed, with findings typically based on stand‐scale simulations or individual events. This study investigates landscape‐ and regional‐scale wildfire likelihood following outbreaks of the two most prevalent native insect pests in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW): mountain pine beetle (MPB;Dendroctonus ponderosae) and western spruce budworm (WSB;Choristoneura freemani). We leverage seamless census data across numerous insect and fire events to (1) summarize the interannual dynamics of insects (1970–2012) and wildfires (1984–2012) across forested ecoregions of the PNW; (2) identify potential linked disturbance interactions with an empirical wildfire likelihood index; (3) quantify this insect‐fire likelihood across different insect agents, time lags, ecoregions, and fire sizes. All three disturbance agents have occurred primarily in the drier, interior conifer forests east of the Cascade Range. In general, WSB extent exceeds MPB extent, which in turn exceeds wildfire extent, and each disturbance typically affects less than 2% annually of a given ecoregion. In recent decades across the PNW, wildfire likelihood does not consistently increase or decrease following insect outbreaks. There is evidence, however, of linked interactions that vary across insect agent (MPB, WSB), space (ecoregion), and time (interval since insect onset). Specifically, in most cases following MPB activity, fire likelihood is neither higher nor lower than in non‐MPB‐affected forests. In contrast, fire likelihood is lower following WSB activity across multiple ecoregions and time lags. In addition, insect‐fire likelihood is not consistently associated with interannual fire extent, suggesting that other factors (e.g., climate) control the disproportionately large fire years accounting for regional fire dynamics. Thus, although both bark beetles and defoliators alter fuels and associated fire potential, the windows of opportunity for increased or decreased fire likelihood are too narrow—or the phenomena themselves too rare—for a consistent signal to emerge across PNW conifer forests. These findings suggest that strategic plans should recognize (1) the relative rarity of insect‐fire interactions and (2) the potential ecosystem restoration benefits of native insect outbreaks, when they do occur.
Investigation of Hydromechanical Mechanisms in Microseismicity Generation in Natural Fractures Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Han Yanhui , Hampton Jesse , Li Gang , Warpinski Norm R. , Mayerhofer Mike J.
Published: July 2015

Economic success in producing oil/gas from low-permeability shale often relies on pre-existing natural fractures (NFs) to be activated or connected by hydraulic-fracturing (HF) stimulation. In practice, the reactivated NF network is often identified with the microseismicity (MS) monitored during the stimulation. However, the fundamental mechanisms of MS generation and focal mechanisms inferred from geophysical analysis near HFs are not currently well-understood (e.g., it is not clear whether the MS observed in the field can be mainly attributed to local shear slip along NFs when leakoff occurs and/or induced by stress changes as a result of HF propagation or fluid leakoff). The exact slippage area and amount of slip displacement generating the microseismic event are not well-understood either, thus requiring a “bridge” between geomechanics and geophysics. To bridge this gap, a set of experiments is performed in a geomechanics laboratory to observe whether, when, where, and how the acoustic-emission events are generated during various scenarios. The experiments are designed with the guidance of the fracture-flow/discrete-element method (DEM), coupling geomechanical simulations. In this paper, the reliability and accuracy of the fracture-flow/DEM coupling approach is validated through solving a few fundamental problems and comparing the numerical-simulation results with the corresponding analytical solutions. The coupling approach is then applied to simulate and optimize two fundamental laboratory experiments. The simulations indicate that, despite the difference in the magnitude, one could induce the local slip along NFs by both fluid leakoff and stress changes.
Multiple-Mixing-Cell Method for Three-Hydrocarbon-Phase Displacements
Authors: Li Liwei , Khorsandi Saeid , Johns Russell T. , Ahmadi Kaveh
Published: July 2015

Low-temperature oil displacements by carbon dioxide involve complex phase behavior, in which three hydrocarbon phases can coexist. Reliable design of miscible gasflooding requires knowledge of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), which is the pressure required for 100% recovery in the absence of dispersion or as defined by slimtube experiments as the “knee” in the recovery curve with pressure in which displacement efficiency is greater than 90%. There are currently no analytical methods to estimate the MMP for multicomponent mixtures exhibiting three hydrocarbon phases. Also, the use of compositional simulators to estimate MMP is not always reliable. These challenges include robustness issues of three-phase equilibrium calculations, inaccurate three-phase relative permeability models, and phase identification and labeling problems that can cause significant discontinuities and failures in the simulation results. How miscibility is developed, or not developed, for a three-phase displacement is not well-known.

We developed a new three-phase multiple-mixing-cell method that gives a relatively easy and robust way to determine the pressure for miscibility or, more importantly, the pressure for high-displacement efficiency. The procedure that moves fluid from cell to cell is robust because it is independent of phase labeling (i.e., vapor or liquid), has a robust way to provide good initial guesses for three-phase flash calculations, and is also not dependent on three-phase relative permeability (fractional flow). These three aspects give the mixing-cell approach significant advantages over the use of compositional simulation to estimate MMP or to understand miscibility development. One can integrate the approach with previously developed two-phase multiple-mixing-cell models because it uses the tie-line lengths from the boundaries of tie triangles to recognize when the MMP or pressure for high-displacement efficiency is obtained. Application of the mixing-cell algorithm shows that, unlike most two-phase displacements, the dispersion-free MMP may not exist for three-phase displacements, but rather a pressure is reached in which the dispersion-free displacement efficiency is maximized. The authors believe that this is the first paper to examine a multiple-mixing-cell model in which two- and three-hydrocarbon phases occur and to calculate the MMP and/or pressure required for high displacement efficiency for such systems.
On a fixed point theorem and its application in dynamic programming
Authors: Almeida Ángel , Roldán-López-de-Hierro Antonio-Francisco , Sadarangani Kishin
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we present some fixed point theorems for contractions of
rational type. These theorems generalize some other results appearing in the
literature. Moreover, we present some examples illustrating our results.
Finally, we present an application to the study of the existence and
uniqueness of solutions to a class of functional equations arising in
dynamic programming.
Is lipoprotein(a) regulating prostaglandin I2-synthesis stimulating plasma factor?
Authors: Sinzinger Helmut , Ruppert Ernst , Laimer Herbert
Published: July 2015

Introduction. Lipoprotein(a) - Lp(a) is accepted as an independent risk
factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The mechanism, however, and
how it exerts its pathogenetic role is still unclear. More than a decade ago
a deficiency of prostacyclin synthesis stimulating plasma factor (PF) was
claimed to be associated with an increased Lp(a). Objective. The aim of this
retrospective analysis was to assess whether elevated Lp(a) is associated
with a PF-deficiency and whether certain risk factors may exert influence.
Methods. In a total of 185 patients (131 men and 54 women), aged 30-85 years,
suffering from clinically manifested atherosclerosis risk factor profile,
lipids, lipoproteins and PF under drug intake were evaluated. Results.
Patients with absent PF-activity did not differ concerning age, height,
weight, body mass index, waist circumference and different lipid and
lipoprotein parameters. Mean Lp(a) in patients with absent PF-activity was 18
vs. 94 mg/dl (p<0.001). Laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein,
fibrinogen, protein S, protein C, activated protein C resistance and others
were not different. In patients with normal (<30 mg/dl) Lp(a) only 4 males
(3.4%) and 3 females (4.8%) had PF-deficiency, while the Lp(a) cut-off of 30
mg/dl the prevalence was 61.1% males and 64.4.% females. Conclusion. These
findings indicate that the association of PF-deficiency with increased Lp(a),
at least in part, could contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in
these patients.
Changes in platelets and anticoagulant protein activity during adenosine-exercise single-photon emission computed tomography stress test
Authors: Obradovic Slobodan , Subota Vesna , Baskot Branislav , Dopudja Marija , Antonijevic Nebojsa , Djenic Nemanja , Vukotic Snijezana , Salinger Sonja , Jovelic Aleksandra , Mikovic Danijela , Antovic Jovan , Grdenic Aleksandra , Gligic Branko
Published: July 2015

Introduction. Activation of haemostasis during physical stress or during
myocardial ischemia could be an important mechanism to trigger coronary and
stent thrombosis. We examined changes in haemostatic parameters and its
association with myocardial ischemia during adenosine-exercise-SPECT
(adeno-EX) stress test in coronary patients at least 4 months after coronary
stenting. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine relationship
between changes in haemostatic parameters and stress induced myocardial
ischemia quantified by perfusion scintigraphy in stented coronary patients.
Methods. Thirty-seven patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (26 on
clopidogrel plus aspirin and 11 on aspirin only) 4-8 months after successful
intracoronary stent implantation were enrolled in the study. We determined
the levels of platelet aggregability (PA) on ADP (PA-ADP) and epinephrine
(PA-EPI), beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor-4, protein C (PC) and
antithrombin (AT) before and 15 minutes after intravenous injection of 150
?/kg adenosine for 4 minutes concomitant with supine ergo-bicycle exercise
test for 50 W. The size of stress perfusion defect was measured 15 minutes
after stress and in rest 4 hours later by 99mTc-tetrofosmin single photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT) within 17 myocardial segments. Results.
There were no differences between haemostatic parameters before and after
stress. A significant myocardial ischemia after exercise was registered in
12 patients on combined antiaggregation therapy and in 5 patients on
aspirin. In this preliminary report, because of a small number of patients
in the aspirin group we did not analyse difference in the levels of
haemostatic markers and their correlations with the size of perfusion
defect. The only significant difference between measured haemostatic
parameters in the patients with stress induced ischemia compared to the
patients without it, was a lower level of AT activity after stress (81.0%
vs. 87.5%; p=0.027). Antithrombin activity before stress had significant
negative correlation with the size of perfusion defect in rest (R2=0.219;
p=0.016) and PC activity before stress had significant linear correlation
with stress perfusion defect (R2=0.248; p=0.010). Conclusion. Baseline
activities of natural anticoagulant proteins AT and PC are associated with
the size of myocardial perfusion defect during adeno-EX-SPECT test. Patients
with significant stress-induced ischemia had lower levels of AT activity
after stress.
Obstacles in the diagnostics and therapy of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Antonijevic Nebojsa , Radovanovic Nebojsa , Obradovic Slobodan , Vucelic Dragica , Stojanovic Bojan , Mikovic Danijela , Kovac Mirjana , Kocica Tina , Tadic Svetlana , Antonijevic Irina , Draskovic Snezana , Djordjevic Valentina , Calija Branko , Perunicic Jovan , Vasiljevic Zorana
Published: July 2015

An immune-mediated, severe, acquired prothrombotic disorder, heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia type II (HIT II) occurs in 0.5-5% of patients exposed to
unfractionated heparin longer than 5-7 days. Arterial and venous thromboses
are induced by HIT II in about 35-50% of patients. Typical death rate for HIT
is about 29%, while 21% of HIT patients result in amputation of a limb. The
trend towards the occurrence of HIT due to the administration of low
molecular weight heparins (LMWH) taking ever conspicuous place in the
standard venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis has been more frequently
observed recently. It is considered that LMWH may cause HIT II in about
0.25-1%. The need for further modification of HIPA assays with LMWH has been
imposed in the HIT laboratory diagnostics, heretofore overburdened with
complexity. There are several constantly opposing problems arising in HIT
laboratory diagnostics, one of which is that in a certain number of patients
immunologic assays detect nonpathogenic antibodies (mainly IgM or IgA
heparin-PF4 antibodies) while, on the other hand, the occurrence of HIT
pathogenetically mediated by minor antigens (neutrophil-activating peptide 2
or interleukin 8) may be neglected in certain cases. The following factors
play an important role in the interpretation of each laboratory HIT assays
performed: 1. correlation with HIT clinical probability test, the best known
of which is 4T?score, 2. the interpretation of the laboratory findings
dependent on the time of the thrombocytopenia onset, as well as 3. the
sensitivity and specificity of each test respectively. The HIT diagnostics in
the presence of other comorbid states which may also induce thrombocytopenia,
more precisely known as pseudo HIT (cancer, sepsis, disseminated
intravascular coagulation, pulmonary embolism, antiphospholipid syndrome,
etc), represents a specific clinical problem.
Chromatin Remodeling and Transcriptional Control in Innate Immunity: Emergence of Akirin2 as a Novel Player
Authors: Tartey Sarang , Takeuchi Osamu
Published: July 2015

Transcriptional regulation of inflammatory gene expression has been at the forefront of studies of innate immunity and is coordinately regulated by transcription factors, including NF-κB, and chromatin modifiers. The growing evidence for involvement of chromatin in the regulation of gene expression in innate immune cells, has uncovered an evolutionarily conserved role of microbial sensing and chromatin remodeling. Toll-like receptors and RIG-I-like receptors trigger these signaling pathways leading to transcriptional expression of a set of genes involved in inflammation. Tightly regulated control of this gene expression is a paramount, and often foremost, goal of most biological endeavors. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress about the molecular mechanisms governing control of pro-inflammatory gene expression by an evolutionarily conserved novel nuclear protein Akirin2 in macrophages and its emergence as an essential link between NF-κB and chromatin remodelers for transcriptional regulation.
Analytic Exact Upper Bound for the Lyapunov Dimension of the Shimizu–Morioka System
Authors: Leonov Gennady , Alexeeva Tatyana , Kuznetsov Nikolay
Published: July 2015

In applied investigations, the invariance of the Lyapunov dimension under a diffeomorphism is often used. However, in the case of irregular linearization, this fact was not strictly considered in the classical works. In the present work, the invariance of the Lyapunov dimension under diffeomorphism is demonstrated in the general case. This fact is used to obtain the analytic exact upper bound of the Lyapunov dimension of an attractor of the Shimizu–Morioka system.
Student Continuity with Patients: A System Delivery Innovation to Benefit Patient Care and Learning (Continuity Patient Benefit)
Authors: Poncelet Ann , Hudson J.
Published: July 2015

Medical education is continuing to evolve to meet the healthcare needs of the future. The longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) model is an important innovation in medical education. It has in its vision and structure “patient- and learner-centered education”, using longitudinal relationships between patients and students as a foundational element in its design. LIC students have shown more patient-centered attitudes and behaviors that persist after medical school. They remain connected with the patient experience of care, which supports empathy and student moral development. The time that LIC students spend acting independently with patients also supports the development of higher order clinical and cognitive skills and professional identity formation. Student participation in a more meaningful way in the care of their patients promotes patient wellbeing, and helps patients with transitions of care, communication and preventative care. Patients report feeling empowered to be more active agents in their own care and feel an accountability and pleasure in the training of new physicians. Focusing on the patient/student relationship as a foundational element of clinical education has meaningful benefits to the patient and student with the potential to improve patient care directly and in the future, as these students become physicians.
What Do We Know about the Role of miRNAs in Pediatric Sarcoma?
Authors: Kelly Lorna , Lázaro Antonio , O'Sullivan Maureen
Published: July 2015

Non-coding RNAs have received a lot of attention in recent years, with especial focus on microRNAs (miRNAs), so much so that in the just over two decades since the first miRNA, Lin4, was described, almost 40,000 publications about miRNAs have been generated. Less than 500 of these focus on sarcoma, and only a fraction of those on sarcomas of childhood specifically, with some of these representing observational studies and others containing functionally validated data. This is a group of cancers for which prognosis is often poor and therapeutic options limited, and it is especially in these areas that strides in understanding the role of non-coding RNAs and miRNAs in particular are to be welcomed. This review deals with the main forms of pediatric sarcoma, exploring what is known about the diagnostic and prognostic profiles of miRNAs in these tumours and where novel therapeutic options might present themselves for further exploration.
Characterization of a Functional Role of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum Isocitrate Lyase in Desiccation Tolerance
Authors: Jeon Jeong-Min , Lee Hae-In , Sadowsky Michael , Sugawara Masayuki , Chang Woo-Suk
Published: July 2015

Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean. In previous studies, transcriptomic profiling of B. japonicum USDA110, grown under various environmental conditions, revealed the highly induced gene aceA, encoding isocitrate lyase (ICL). The ICL catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate in the glyoxylate bypass of the TCA cycle. Here, we evaluated the functional role of B. japonicum ICL under desiccation-induced stress conditions. We purified AceA (molecular mass = 65 kDa) from B. japonicum USDA110, using a His-tag and Ni-NTA column approach, and confirmed its ICL enzyme activity. The aceA mutant showed higher sensitivity to desiccation stress (27% relative humidity (RH)), compared to the wild type. ICL activity of the wild type strain increased approximately 2.5-fold upon exposure to 27% RH for 24 h. The aceA mutant also showed an increased susceptibility to salt stress. Gene expression analysis of aceA using qRT-PCR revealed a 148-fold induction by desiccation, while other genes involved in the glyoxylate pathway were not differentially expressed in this condition. Transcriptome analyses revealed that stress-related genes, such as chaperones, were upregulated in the wild-type under desiccating conditions, even though fold induction was not dramatic (ca. 1.5–2.5-fold).
Towards InAs/InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells Directly Grown on Si Substrate
Authors: Azeza Bilel , Hadj Alouane Mohamed , Ilahi Bouraoui , Patriarche Gilles , Sfaxi Larbi , Fouzri Afif , Maaref Hassen , M’ghaieth Ridha
Published: July 2015

This paper reports on an initial assessment of the direct growth of In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) solar cells on nanostructured surface Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The effect of inserting 40 InAs/InGaAs/GaAs QDs layers in the intrinsic region of the heterojunction pin-GaAs/n+-Si was evaluated using photocurrent spectroscopy in comparison with pin-GaAs/n+-Si and pin-GaAs/GaAs without QDs. The results reveal the clear contribution of the QDs layers to the improvement of the spectral response up to 1200 nm. The novel structure has been studied by X ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results provide considerable insights into low cost III-V material-based solar cells.
Engineering of Iron-Based Magnetic Activated Carbon Fabrics for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Haham Hai , Grinblat Judith , Sougrati Moulay-Tahar , Stievano Lorenzo , Margel Shlomo
Published: July 2015

Magnetic Fe3O4, Fe and Fe/Pd nanoparticles embedded within the pores of activated carbon fabrics (ACF) were prepared by impregnation of the ACF in iron acetylacetanoate (Fe(acac)3) ethanol solution, followed by thermal decomposition of the embedded iron precursor at 200, 400 and 600 °C in an inert atmosphere. The effect of the annealing temperature on the chemical composition, shape, crystallinity, surface area, pore volume, and magnetic properties of the various functionalized ACF was elucidated. The Fe nanoparticles within the ACF were also doped with tinier Pd nanoparticles, by impregnation of the Fe/ACF in palladium acetate ethanol solution. The potential use of the functionalized ACF for removal of a model azo-dye, orange II, was demonstrated. This study illustrated the enhanced removal of the dye from an aqueous solution according to the following order: Fe/Pd/ACF > Fe/ACF > ACF. In addition, the enhanced activity of Fe3O4/ACF in the presence of increasing concentrations of H2O2 (Fenton catalysts) was also illustrated.
Potential Antiviral Agents from Marine Fungi: An Overview
Authors: Moghadamtousi Soheil , Nikzad Sonia , Kadir Habsah , Abubakar Sazaly , Zandi Keivan
Published: July 2015

Biodiversity of the marine world is only partially subjected to detailed scientific scrutiny in comparison to terrestrial life. Life in the marine world depends heavily on marine fungi scavenging the oceans of lifeless plants and animals and entering them into the nutrient cycle by. Approximately 150 to 200 new compounds, including alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polyketides, and aromatic compounds, are identified from marine fungi annually. In recent years, numerous investigations demonstrated the tremendous potential of marine fungi as a promising source to develop new antivirals against different important viruses, including herpes simplex viruses, the human immunodeficiency virus, and the influenza virus. Various genera of marine fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium were subjected to compound isolation and antiviral studies, which led to an illustration of the strong antiviral activity of a variety of marine fungi-derived compounds. The present review strives to summarize all available knowledge on active compounds isolated from marine fungi with antiviral activity.
Bioactive Cembranoids from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton elegans
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Junsheng , Liu Qiao , Tang Guihua , Wang Hongsheng , Fan Chengqi , Yin Sheng
Published: July 2015

Four new cembranoids, sarcophelegans A–D (1–4) and six known analogues (5–10) were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans. Their structures were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute conﬁguration of 1 was conﬁrmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antimigratory potential of compounds 1–10 were evaluated and compounds 2 and 6 were found to inhibit human breast tumor MDA-MB-231 cell migration at 10 μM.
Hydrothermal Fabrication of WO3 Hierarchical Architectures: Structure, Growth and Response
Authors: Wu Chuan-Sheng
Published: July 2015

Recently hierarchical architectures, consisting of two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures, are of great interest for potential applications in energy and environmental. Here, novel rose-like WO3 hierarchical architectures were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared WO3 hierarchical architectures were in fact assembled by numerous nanosheets with an average thickness of ~30 nm. We found that the oxalic acid played a significant role in governing morphologies of WO3 during hydrothermal process. Based on comparative studies, a possible formation mechanism was also proposed in detail. Furthermore, gas-sensing measurement showed that the well-defined 3D WO3 hierarchical architectures exhibited the excellent gas sensing properties towards CO.
Increased Levels of Antinutritional and/or Defense Proteins Reduced the Protein Quality of a Disease-Resistant Soybean Cultivar
Authors: Sousa Daniele , Carvalho Ana. , Oliveira José , Farias Davi , Castelar Ivan , Oliveira Henrique , Vasconcelos Ilka
Published: July 2015

The biochemical and nutritional attributes of two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, one susceptible (Seridó) and the other resistant (Seridó-RCH) to stem canker, were examined to assess whether the resistance to pathogens was related to levels of antinutritional and/or defense proteins in the plant and subsequently affected the nutritional quality. Lectin, urease, trypsin inhibitor, peroxidase and chitinase activities were higher in the resistant cultivar. Growing rats were fed with isocaloric and isoproteic diets prepared with defatted raw soybean meals. Those on the Seridó-RCH diet showed the worst performance in terms of protein quality indicators. Based on regression analysis, lectin, trypsin inhibitor, peroxidase and chitinase appear to be involved in the resistance trait but also in the poorer nutritional quality of Seridó-RCH. Thus, the development of cultivars for disease resistance may lead to higher concentrations of antinutritional compounds, affecting the quality of soybean seeds. Further research that includes the assessment of more cultivars/genotypes is needed.
Improving the Computational Performance of Ontology-Based Classification Using Graph Databases
Authors: Lampoltshammer Thomas , Wiegand Stefanie
Published: July 2015

The increasing availability of very high-resolution remote sensing imagery (i.e., from satellites, airborne laser scanning, or aerial photography) represents both a blessing and a curse for researchers. The manual classification of these images, or other similar geo-sensor data, is time-consuming and leads to subjective and non-deterministic results. Due to this fact, (semi-) automated classification approaches are in high demand in affected research areas. Ontologies provide a proper way of automated classification for various kinds of sensor data, including remotely sensed data. However, the processing of data entities—so-called individuals—is one of the most cost-intensive computational operations within ontology reasoning. Therefore, an approach based on graph databases is proposed to overcome the issue of a high time consumption regarding the classification task. The introduced approach shifts the classification task from the classical Protégé environment and its common reasoners to the proposed graph-based approaches. For the validation, the authors tested the approach on a simulation scenario based on a real-world example. The results demonstrate a quite promising improvement of classification speed—up to 80,000 times faster than the Protégé-based approach.
Place-Based Education in the Architectural Design Studio: Agrarian Landscape as a Resource for Sustainable Urban Lifestyle
Authors: Nikezić Ana , Marković Dragan
Published: July 2015

This article highlights how “place-based education” can be used to raise awareness about sustainability and potentially influence design process decisions that have environmental and cultural implications. “Place-based education” is a term used to describe an educational worldview based on development of curriculum centered on the local, social, economic, and ecological resources of a community. The study shows results of Masters Students’ research on situating a housing complex in the context of the agrarian landscape of Vojvodina, Serbia, considering it as a resource for a new sustainable urban lifestyle. During the first year of Masters Studies at the Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade University, an architectural design studio with 15 students had the task of exploring the potential of expanding the city of Belgrade across the agrarian landscape, as to affirm the role of place in contemporary everyday life. Students were expected to explore the possibilities and limitations of the relationship between man and agrarian landscape via architecture, re-thinking how various architectural design approaches could balance and harmonize the impact of the built environment on the agrarian landscape. The paper shows that “place-based education” possesses elements necessary for the inclusion of a wider spatial-cultural context in the process of architectural design and prioritization of environmental literacy and responsibility, as one of the main components of sustainable development.
Spatio-Temporal Features of China’s Urban Fires: An Investigation with Reference to Gross Domestic Product and Humidity
Authors: Wang Zhenbo , Zhang Xiaorui , Xu Bo
Published: July 2015

Frequent fire accidents pose a serious threat to human life and property. The spatio-temporal features of China’s urban fires, and their drivers should be investigated. Based on the Spatio-temporal Dynamic panel data Model (SDM), and using fire data gathered from 337 Chinese cities in 2000 to 2009, the influence of spatio-temporal factors on the frequency of urban fires was analyzed. The results show that (1) the overall fire incidence of China increased annually before 2002 and reduced significantly after 2003, and then high fire incidence increased in western China; (2) Spatio-temporal factors play a significant role in the frequency of Chinese urban fires; specifically, the fire assimilation effect, fire inertia effect and fire caution effect. The ratio of fire incidence of China has reduced significantly, and the focus of fire incidence moved towards the western region of China. GDP and humidity have a significant effect on urban fire situation change in China, and these effects may be referred to as “fire assimilation effects”, “fire inertia effects” and “fire caution effects”.
How decision analysis can further nanoinformatics
Authors: Bates Matthew E , Larkin Sabrina , Keisler Jeffrey M , Linkov Igor
Published: July 2015

The increase in nanomaterial research has resulted in increased nanomaterial data. The next challenge is to meaningfully integrate and interpret these data for better and more efficient decisions. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, rapid changes in technology, and disunified testing and data publishing strategies, information regarding material properties is often illusive, uncertain, and/or of varying quality, which limits the ability of researchers and regulatory agencies to process and use the data. The vision of nanoinformatics is to address this problem by identifying the information necessary to support specific decisions (a top-down approach) and collecting and visualizing these relevant data (a bottom-up approach). Current nanoinformatics efforts, however, have yet to efficiently focus data acquisition efforts on the research most relevant for bridging specific nanomaterial data gaps. Collecting unnecessary data and visualizing irrelevant information are expensive activities that overwhelm decision makers. We propose that the decision analytic techniques of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), value of information (VOI), weight of evidence (WOE), and portfolio decision analysis (PDA) can bridge the gap from current data collection and visualization efforts to present information relevant to specific decision needs. Decision analytic and Bayesian models could be a natural extension of mechanistic and statistical models for nanoinformatics practitioners to master in solving complex nanotechnology challenges.
A new and efficient procedure for the synthesis of hexahydropyrimidine-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones
Authors: Reis Marcelo Isidoro P , Campos Vinícius R , Resende Jackson A L C , Silva Fernando C , Ferreira Vitor F
Published: July 2015

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of hexahydropyrimidine-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones in one step with high yields from the reaction of lawsone with 1,3,5-triazinanes was developed.
Double-Access Sentences Generalized
Authors: Ogihara Toshiyuki
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Imperfectivity and Progressivity: The French Imparfait
Authors: Jayez Jacques
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
On Negative Eventualities, Negative Concord, and Negative "Yes/No" Questions
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Support for a Unique Theory of Definiteness
Authors: Abbott Barbara
Published: July 2015

No abstract.