bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Novel Acoustic Liners and Their Design for Aero-Engine Applications
Authors: Neubauer Moritz , Genßler Julia , Radmann Vincent , Kohlenberg Fleming , Pohl Michael , Böhme Kurt , Knobloch Karsten , Sarradj Ennes , Höschler Klaus , Modler Niels , Enghardt Lars
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical investigation on a novel liner concept for enhanced low-frequency and broadband acoustic attenuation. In particular, two different realizations, derived from conventional Helmholtz resonators (HR) and plate resonators (PR) are investigated, which both deploy flexible materials with material inherent damping. In this context, a comprehensive experimental investigation was carried out focusing the identification and evaluation of various geometric parameters and material properties on the acoustics dissipation and related properties of various materials in a simplified setup of a single Helmholtz resonator with flexible walls (FHR concept). Furthermore, a parameter study based on analytical models was performed for both liner concepts, taking into account material as well as geometric parameters and their effects on transmission loss. In addition, design concepts that enable cylindrical or otherwise curved liner structures and the corresponding manufacturing technologies are presented, while considering essential structural features such as drainage. With respect to the potential application in jet engines, a structural–mechanical analysis considering the relevant load cases to compare and discuss the mechanical performance of a classical HR and the FHR concept liner is presented. Finally, both concepts are evaluated and possible challenges and potentials for further implementation are described.
The Impact of Taxiway System Development Stages on Runway Capacity and Delay under Demand Volatility
Authors: Dönmez Kadir , Aydoğan Emre , Çetek Cem , Maraş Erdem Emin
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the impact of the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) taxiway system development stages on runway capacity and delays in a single-runway airport that serves mixed operations by using a combined approach integrating the capacity-demand estimation analyses. We proposed a generic and systematic approach to taxiway development alternatives based on the ICAO guidelines rather than case-specific improvements presented in previous studies. The Samsun Çarşamba Airport (LTFH), which has the most basic level of taxiway layout, was chosen as a case study. The development stages were modeled and run in a fast-time simulation environment for different traffic scenarios based on historical data. As a result of modelling, average airborne and gate waiting delay of arrivals, queue delay of departures, taxi times, and runway occupation times were obtained. In addition, gate sensitivity and cost-benefit analyses were carried out. A triple exponential smoothing forecast was performed for different scenarios including normal, runway closures, COVID-19, and recovery from COVID-19. Practical capacities of the stages were revealed using the results of simulation and traffic demand forecasts. In addition, we evaluated the potential operational improvements of the stages by modifying a previously presented mathematical model. The proposed approach can assist airport operators in predicting the airport capacity saturation and selecting the best capacity improvement strategy for unexpected events.
Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Fetal Growth and Fetal Weight Calculation in Sows during Gestation
Authors: Vernunft Andreas , Eggert Anja , Brüssow Klaus-Peter
Published: December 2022

Ultrasound examinations offer the possibility to monitor fetal growth and estimate fetal weight, but reference data for such techniques in pigs are rare. The aim of this study was therefore to identify suitable anatomical fetal structures for monitoring physiological growth dynamics by ultrasound examinations and to estimate fetal weight using appropriate mathematical models. For this purpose, 198 fetuses of 15 primiparous Landrace sows were examined by ultrasound on days 36, 50, 64, 79 and 92 of gestation in live sows and in utero after slaughter. Biparietal distance (BPD), rostro-occipital distance (ROD), corpus vitreum diameter, heart length, abdominal circumference (AC) and transverse and sagittal abdominal diameter were determined by ultrasound in utero, and the fetuses were subsequently ex uteri determined and weighed. Reference curves for the continuous increase in fetal parameters over the pregnancy were established. Weight estimation could be performed with linear models at a known stage of pregnancy using one or a combination of parameters. Cubic equations were developed to describe the relationships between body measurements and weight over the course of gestation. BPD, ROD and AC have been shown to be the most suitable parameters for fetal weight estimation, but in live sows, only the fetal head parameters could be easily and reliably determined. These techniques could initially be of interest for research into fetal growth, but future application in veterinary practice is also conceivable.
Analyzing a Saturation Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Baking Volume and Grain Protein Concentration in Wheat
Authors: Dier Markus , Hüsken Alexandra , Mikolajewski Sabine , Langenkämper Georg , Zörb Christian
Published: December 2022

Some wheat cultivars show a linear relationship between grain protein concentration (GPC) and baking volume, but others display a saturation curve. Such a saturation curve could be general, but in some cultivars it might only appear at GPC > 17%. However, such GPC is mostly not achieved in the field. Pot experiments with high nitrogen application reliably result in GPC > 17%. In a pot experiment with a high (N1) and an excessive N level (N2) and four cultivars (Akteur, Arnold, Discus and Hystar), the change in grain protein composition and the relationship between different protein fractions and baking volume at GPC > 17% was investigated. GPC ranged from 17 to 24% and mean nitrogen content per grain from 1.2 to 1.8 mg. The N2 treatment increased GPC and mean nitrogen content per grain in the Akteur and Discus cultivar, but not in Arnold and Hystar. N2 increased concentration of gliadin by 10 to 34% and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) in all cultivars by 12 to 73%. Glutenin concentration was increased by N2 in Akteur and Discus (19 to 36%), but was decreased by N2 in the Arnold and Hystar cultivar. Baking volume was moderately increased by N2 in all cultivars by 6 to 9% and correlated significantly with most glutenin fractions in the Akteur and Discus cultivar, with GMP in Arnold and with HMW-GS to LMW-GS ratio in Hystar. Thus, specific effects on grain protein by N2 were responsible for the increased baking volume in each cultivar. However, as gliadin and its sub-fractions hardly correlated with baking volume, a positive effect of increasing gliadin proteins on baking quality was not obvious.
DEM Study of Seed Motion Model-Hole-Wheel Variable Seed Metering Device for Wheat
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Zhong Jiyu , Gu Xin , Zhang Heng , Chen Yongxin , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Tian , Chen Liqing
Published: December 2022

On the basis of the discrete element method (DEM), the movement of seed particles during the filling process of a wheat hole-wheel variable seed-metering device was numerically simulated. The impact of various model hole structures, filling postures, and vibration frequencies on the performance of filling was investigated. The results demonstrated that the average speed and filling posture of seeds varied significantly between models. The research demonstrated that the planter’s filling effect was greatly enhanced by raising the average seed population speed in the confined region. Wheat seeds can be filled in the “flat” and “side” postures because the type of hole is conducive to smooth seed filling and the seed in the type of hole is not readily lost owing to vibration. The seed-metering devices adapt well to a vibrational environment, and the vibration factor has no discernible effect on the seed metering rate. The model holes (e.g., inverted fin-shaped holes) with the highest seed filling rate in the simulation test are employed in the bench test to validate the simulation model. The seed rate range was 300–3200 g/min, while the frequency of vibration was 0–10 Hz. Results indicated that the coefficient of variation of the stability of the total seeding rate was less than 1.3%, that the seeding rate of each row was consistent, and that the coefficient of variation was less than 3%, demonstrating that the simulation model was accurate and met the requirements of wheat agronomic seeding.
Detection Method of Straw Mulching Unevenness with RGB-D Sensors
Authors: Shao Yuanyuan , Guan Xianlu , Xuan Guantao , Li Xiaoteng , Gu Fengwei , Ma Junteng , Wu Feng , Hu Zhichao
Published: December 2022

Returning straw to the field is very important of for the conservation tillage to increase land fertility. It is vital to detect the unevenness of the straw covering to evaluate the performance of no-tillage planter, especially for the ones with returning full amount of straw. In this study, two kinds of RGB-D(Red, Green, Blue-Depth) sensors (RealSense D435i and Kinect v2) were applied to estimate the straw mulching unevenness by detecting the depth of straw coverage. Firstly, the overall structure and working principle of no-tillage planter with returning the full amount of straw was introduced. Secondly, field images were captured with the two kinds of RGB-D sensors after no tillage planter operation. Thirdly, straw covering unevenness computing was carried on a system developed by Matlab. Finally, the correlation analysis was conducted to test for the relationship between the straw covering unevenness by manual and deep sensors, with R (correlation coefficient) of 0.93, RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) of 4.59% and MAPE(Mean of Absolute Percentage Error) of 3.86% with D435i sensor, and with R of 0.915, RMSE of 6.53% and MAPE of 13.85% with Kinect V2, which showed both kinds of RGB-D sensors can acquire the unevenness of straw covering efficiently. The finding can provide a potential way to detect the unevenness of straw coverage and data support for operation evaluation and improvement of no-tillage planter.
Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Landraces for Their Agronomic, Biochemical Characteristics and Resistance to Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Maxim Aurel , Albu Vasile Cristian , Vodnar Dan Cristian , Mihăiescu Tania , Mang Ștefania Mirela , Camele Ippolito , Trotta Vincenzo , Bonomo Maria Grazia , Mihalescu Lucia , Sandor Mignon , Ranga Floricuța , Borsai Orsolya
Published: December 2022

Genetic diversity in crop plants is the conditio sine qua non for sustainable agriculture and long-term food security. Our research carried out the morphological, agronomic, and physico-chemical characterization and resistance to late blight of 35 tomato landraces from seven countries. These landraces have been approved and appear in the Official Catalog of Varieties. The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) descriptors have been used to describe the tomato’s morphological and agronomic characteristics. For the physico-chemical characteristics, the dry matter, the pH, and the carotenoid content (lycopene, lutein, and β-carotene)) were analyzed. Carotenoids were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the morphological diversity of landraces was very high. Three landraces of remarkable commercial value have shown increased resistance to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, one of the most damaging diseases of tomato. Also, six landraces had a lycopene content exceeding 100 µg/g sample. The carotenoid content ranged between 0.769 (Marmande-FR 166) and 140.328 mg kg−1 FW (Răscruci). The landrace with the highest β carotene content was PT 308 with 65.499 mg kg−1 FW, while the lowest values were registered for Marmande-FR 166 with 0.105 mg kg−1 FW. The present study provides essential information on the morphological and agronomic qualities of these tomato landraces and their lycopene and other carotenoid content. The results are discussed in light of the importance of tomato landraces in meeting the preferences of different producers and consumers, the choice of the most suitable landraces for specific pedoclimatic conditions, and the supply of carotenoid pigment sources for the pharmaceutical industry. Our research responds to humanity’s great global challenges: preserving agricultural biodiversity, protecting the environment by identifying pest-resistant varieties, and also protecting consumer health by finding important sources of antioxidants.
A Review of Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Regulation Mechanism
Authors: Peng Qi , Tang Xiaohua , Dong Wanyang , Sun Ning , Yuan Wenchang
Published: December 2022

Bacteria can form biofilms in natural and clinical environments on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. The bacterial aggregates embedded in biofilms are formed by their own produced extracellular matrix. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens of biofilm infections. The formation of biofilm can protect bacteria from being attacked by the host immune system and antibiotics and thus bacteria can be persistent against external challenges. Therefore, clinical treatments for biofilm infections are currently encountering difficulty. To address this critical challenge, a new and effective treatment method needs to be developed. A comprehensive understanding of bacterial biofilm formation and regulation mechanisms may provide meaningful insights against antibiotic resistance due to bacterial biofilms. In this review, we discuss an overview of S. aureus biofilms including the formation process, structural and functional properties of biofilm matrix, and the mechanism regulating biofilm formation.
CoQ Regulates Brown Adipose Tissue Respiration and Uncoupling Protein 1 Expression
Authors: Chang Ching-Fang , Gunawan Amanda L. , Liparulo Irene , Zushin Peter-James H. , Bertholet Ambre M. , Kirichok Yuriy , Stahl Andreas
Published: December 2022

Coenzyme Q (CoQ, aka ubiquinone) is a key component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and membrane-incorporated antioxidant. CoQ10 deficiencies encompass a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical phenotypes and can be caused by hereditary mutations in the biosynthesis pathway or result from pharmacological interventions such as HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors, and statins, which are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular disease. How CoQ deficiency affects individual tissues and cell types, particularly mitochondrial-rich ones such as brown adipose tissue (BAT), has remained poorly understood. Here we show that pharmacological and genetic models of BAT CoQ deficiency show altered respiration that can only in part be explained by classical roles of CoQ in the respiration chain. Instead, we found that CoQ strongly impacts brown and beige adipocyte respiration via the regulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. CoQ deficiency in BAT robustly decreases UCP1 protein levels and uncoupled respiration unexpectedly, resulting in increased inner mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ADP/ATP ratios. Suppressed UCP1 expression was also observed in a BAT-specific in vivo model of CoQ deficiency and resulted in enhanced cold sensitivity. These findings demonstrate an as yet unappreciated role of CoQ in the transcriptional regulation of key thermogenic genes and functions.
YPL-001 Shows Various Beneficial Effects against Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Emphysema Formation: Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidative, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects
Authors: Lee Kyoung-Hee , Woo Jisu , Kim Jiyeon , Lee Chang-Hoon , Yoo Chul-Gyu
Published: December 2022

Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are thought to be important causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the effect of YPL-001 (under phase 2a study, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02272634), a drug derived from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum, on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced inflammation, the anti-oxidative pathway, and apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells and on CSE-induced emphysema in mice. YPL-001 suppressed CSE-induced expression of IL8 mRNA and protein. This was due to the reduction in NF-κB transcriptional activity by YPL-001, which resulted from the blockade of acetylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 (Lys310). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) prevent gene transcription by condensing the DNA structure and affecting NF-κB nuclear binding. YPL-001 alone increased HDAC2 activity and enhanced CSE-induced activation of HDAC2. YPL-001-induced suppression of NF-κB transcriptional activity might be caused by increased HDAC2 activity. YPL-001 increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) expression via both degradation of its inhibitory protein, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, and an increase in de novo protein synthesis. YPL-001 increased the DNA binding activity of Nrf2. Consequently, YPL-001 upregulated the expression of Nrf2-targeted anti-oxidant genes such as NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and heme oxygenase 1. Moreover, YPL-001 significantly suppressed CSE-induced apoptotic cell death. In vivo study showed that CSE-induced emphysematous changes, neutrophilic inflammation, protein leakage into bronchoalveolar space, and lung cell apoptosis in mice were suppressed by YPL-001 treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that YPL-001 is a good therapeutic candidate for the treatment of COPD by blocking inflammation and apoptosis and activating the anti-oxidative pathway.
Two-Color Operation of a Soft X-ray FEL with Alternation of Undulator Tunes
Authors: Schneidmiller Evgeny , Bermudez Macias Ivette J. , Beye Martin , Braune Markus , Czwalinna Marie Kristin , Düsterer Stefan , Faatz Bart , Ivanov Rosen , Jastrow Ulf Fini , Kuhlmann Marion , Rönsch-Schulenburg Juliane , Schreiber Siegfried , Sorokin Andrey , Tiedtke Kai , Yurkov Mikhail , Zemella Johann
Published: December 2022

FLASH is the first soft X-ray FEL user facility, routinely providing brilliant photon beams for users since 2005. The second undulator branch of this facility, FLASH2, is gap-tunable, which allows for testing and using advanced lasing concepts. In particular, we developed a two-color operation mode based on the alternatingly tuned undulator segments (every other segment is tuned to the second wavelength). This scheme is advantageous in comparison with a subsequent generation of two colors in two consecutive sections of the undulator line. First, source positions of the two FEL beams are close to each other which makes it easier to focus them on a sample. Second, the amplification is more efficient in this configuration since the segments with respectively “wrong” wavelength still act as bunchers. We studied operation of this scheme in the regime of small and large separation of tunes (up to a factor of two). We developed new methods for online intensity measurements of the two colors simultaneously that require a combination of two detectors. We also demonstrated our capabilities to measure spectral and temporal properties of two pulses with different wavelengths.
Seismic Performance of a New Assembled Bolt-Connected Concrete Beam–Column Joint: Experimental Test and Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Yu Dehu , Ding Kewei , Liu Yunlin
Published: December 2022

A new assembled bolt-connected concrete beam–column joint is proposed, aimed at completing the repair of a post-earthquake node by replacing the bolts and precast beams. Low-cycle loading tests were performed on two new full-scale connections to investigate the effect of bolt strength on the seismic performance of the new connections. A finite element model was established based on the experimental node specimens and compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of the finite element simulation results. The seismic performance of the new joints under different axial ratios was studied using finite element software to determine the effect of the axial pressure ratio on the seismic performance of the new joints. Based on the research carried out, a new improved joint was designed, numerical models of the improved joint were established using finite element software, and the seismic performance of the improved joint was compared with the results of the experimental simulation to analyze the seismic performance of the improved joints. The results of the study showed that the bolts and precast concrete beams are the main load-bearing members in the period of service. The joint can be repaired by replacing the bolts and precast concrete beams under seismic action, which meets the new joint design concepts. The finite element simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The larger the axial compression ratio, the earlier the failure stage of the concrete, and the faster the bearing capacity and ductility decrease. The larger the axial compression ratio, the higher the initial stiffness of the joints and the greater the rate of stiffness reduction. The bolt stress distribution of the modified and optimized joints is more satisfactory. This change in node form can improve the recovery efficiency of the joint to a certain extent.
Study on Seismic Attenuation Based on Wave-Induced Pore Fluid Dissolution and Its Application
Authors: Jin Ziqi , Zheng Xuelin , Shi Ying , Wang Weihong
Published: December 2022

Seismic wave attenuation is affected by wave-induced pore fluid dissolution. The mechanism of wave-induced pore fluid dissolution is the mutual dissolution between different fluids caused by pore fluid pressure. Compared with the traditional WIFF (wave-induced fluid flow) mechanism, the wave-induced pore fluid dissolution mechanism can predict the attenuation of the seismic frequency band and can be used in well-to-seismic calibration. Conventional methods neglect the velocity dispersion caused by the interaction between pore fluids, which will lead to errors in attenuation prediction. In this paper, we focus on accurately predicting the velocity dispersion at low porosity and permeability, which can be used in multi-scale data matching. The stretch between the synthetic data by using logging data and seismic data needs to be calibrated for more accurate interpretation. The kernel of well-to-seismic calibration is the knowledge of the velocity dispersion between the logging frequency band and seismic frequency band. We calibrate the difference between the two kinds of data by using the rock physical model. Both the model test and field data application prove the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed strategy.
Voting-Based Contour-Aware Framework for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Deng Qiao , Zhang Rongli , Li Siyue , Hong Jin , Zhang Yu-Dong , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Shi Lin
Published: December 2022

Accurate and automatic segmentation of medical images is in increasing demand for assisting disease diagnosis and surgical planning. Although Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown great promise in medical image segmentation, they prefer to learn texture features over shape information. Moreover, recent studies have shown the promise that learning the data in a meaningful order can make the network perform better. Inspired by these points, we aimed to propose a two-stage medical image segmentation framework based on contour-aware CNN and voting strategy, which could consider the contour information and a meaningful learning order. In the first stage, we introduced a plug-and-play contour enhancement module that could be integrated into the encoder–decoder architecture to assist the model in learning boundary representations. In the second stage, we employed a voting strategy to update the model using easy samples in order to further increase the performance of our model. We conducted studies of the two publicly available CHAOS (MR) and hippocampus MRI datasets. The experimental results show that, when compared to the recent and popular existing models, the proposed framework can boost overall segmentation accuracy and achieve compelling performance, with dice coefficients of 91.2 ± 2.6% for the CHAOS dataset and 88.2 ± 0.4% for the hippocampus dataset.
Effect of a 10-Week Sensomotor Exercise Program on Balance and Agility in Adolescent Football Players: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Sikora Damian , Linek Pawel
Published: December 2022

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 10-week sensomotor exercise programme on body balance and agility in a group of adolescent athletes. Initially, 120 adolescent football players were included in the study. In the final analysis, 90 athletes aged 10–17 years participated. The study was designed as a single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Healthy athletes who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two comparative groups: experimental and control groups. Sensomotor exercises were conducted twice weekly for 10 weeks in the experimental group. The adolescent footballers were subjected to the following tests: a COP (Centre of Pressure) test on a stabilometric platform, a Y balance test (Y-BT), and an agility test. The experimental group showed improvement with respect to the following variables: COP-based path length, with eyes open, for 30 s duration—improved by 5.3 cm (mean: 20.0; 95% CI 15.3–24.8); area, with eyes open, for 30 s duration—improved by 1 cm2 (mean 2.1; 95% CI 0.6–3.5); area, with eyes closed, for 30 s duration—improved by 0.4 cm2 (mean 2.2; 95% CI 1.6–2.8). The Y-BT was significantly improved in terms of the final score for the following variables: left leg anterior by 2.1% (mean 73.1; 95% CI 70.7–75.2); right leg posterolateral by 3.8% (mean 112.3; 95% CI 109.3–115.3); right and left leg posteromedial by 5.6% (mean 111.7; 95% CI 108.6–114.9) and 5.7% (mean 112.3; 95% CI 109.7–115.1), respectively; medium posterolateral by 3.2% (mean 111.8; 95% CI 109.0–114.7); medium posteromedial by 6.0% (mean 112.0; 95% CI 109.2–115.0); and Y total score by 3.5% (mean 98.8; 95% CI 96.6–100.9). The agility test in the experimental group was improved by 1.6 s (mean 13.2; 95% CI 12.6–14.0). A 10-week programme of additional sensomotor exercises improved selected parameters determining balance and agility in the young football players.
Flexible Convolver for Convolutional Neural Networks Deployment onto Hardware-Oriented Applications
Authors: Arredondo-Velázquez Moisés , Aguirre-Álvarez Paulo Aaron , Padilla-Medina Alfredo , Espinosa-Calderon Alejandro , Prado-Olivarez Juan , Diaz-Carmona Javier
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces a flexible convolver capable of adapting to the different convolution layer configurations of state-of-the-art Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). The use of two proposed programmable components achieves this adaptability. A Programmable Line Buffer (PLB) based on Programmable Shift Registers (PSRs) allows the generation of the required convolution masks required for each processed CNN layer. The convolution layer computing is performed through a proposed programmable systolic array configured according to the target device resources. In order to maximize the device resource usage and to achieve a shortened processing time, the filter, data, and loop parallelisms are leveraged. These characteristics allow the described architecture to be scalable and implemented on any FPGA device targeting different applications. The convolver description was written in VHDL using the Intel Cyclone V 5CSXFC6D6F31C6N device as a reference. The experimental results show that the proposed computing method allows the processing of any CNN without requiring special adaptation for a specific application since the standard convolution algorithm is used. The proposed flexible convolver achieves competitive performance compared with those reported in related works.
Anteroposterior Ethmoidectomy in the Endoscopic Reduction of Medial Orbital Wall Fractures: Does It Really Reduce Stability?
Authors: Romano Antonio , Troise Stefania , Maffia Francesco , Committeri Umberto , Sani Lorenzo , Sarcinella Marco , Arena Antonio , Iaconetta Giorgio , Califano Luigi , Dell’Aversana Orabona Giovanni
Published: December 2022

The surgical treatment of isolated medial orbital wall fractures is still a much-debated topic in the literature due to the choice of many surgical accesses. The main options are represented by transcutaneous versus endonasal endoscopic approaches. Our study aims to clarify the role of ethmoidectomy in the pure endoscopic endonasal reduction of medial orbital wall fractures, evaluating the immediate postoperative outcome and its long-term stability. A total of 31 patients affected by isolated medial orbital wall fracture, treated only by endoscopic approach, were included in the study and divided in two groups: (A) 14 patients treated by endoscopic reduction and anterior ethmoidectomy; (B) 17 patients treated by endoscopic reduction and anteroposterior ethmoidectomy. Perioperative and 6-month postoperative follow-up CT scans were performed. With the use of 3D medical software, we evaluated the comparison between the treated orbit and the mirrored contralateral orbit in the two groups, in order to observe the reduction of the fracture. Furthermore, to check the stability of reduction and to evaluate any medial orbital wall changes, we provided a comparison between the 3D CT scan orbital images of immediate postoperative CT and 6-month follow-up. Data obtained showed that the intraoperative surgical reduction was successful in all 31 cases, but it was better in Group B. Stability of the reduction at 6 months was observed in both groups without significant discrepancies. In our opinion, the endonasal endoscopic approach with ethmoidectomy represents a valid and useful technique by which to treat medial orbital wall fractures. The anatomical detail of the buttressing structures of the medial orbital wall, as the second portion of the middle turbinate, grants long-term stability of the surgical outcome.
Laboratory Experiment on Formation of MICP Horizontal Seepage-Reducing Body in Confined Aquifer for Deep Excavation
Authors: Wang Jianxiu , Long Yanxia , Zhao Yu , Pan Weiqiang , Qu Jianxun , Yang Tianliang , Huang Xinlei , Liu Xiaotian , Xu Na
Published: December 2022

Using a soil improvement biotechnology based on microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) to form a horizontal water barrier in foundation pit dewatering can not only achieve a good dewatering control effect, but also control the cost and obtain good economic and environmental benefits. In this study, taking the Shanghai layer ⑨ sand as the research object, the solution injected into the layer ⑨ sand by MICP grouting technology includes bacterial solution (Sporosarcina pasteurii) and cementation solution (urea and CaCl2 solution). The migration mechanism of the bacterial solution and cementation solution in groundwater was analyzed through batch experiment and column test, and the mathematical model of migration was established. The dynamic adsorption characteristics of the S. pasteurii, Ca2+, and urea were obtained by dynamic adsorption test. Through isothermal adsorption test, the Freundlich isotherm was used to describe the isothermal adsorption of S. pasteurii onto fine sand, and the partition coefficient of the S. pasteurii was found to be 1.5 × 10−7 L/mg. The Langmuir isotherm can be used truly reflect the isothermal adsorption of Ca2+ onto fine sand. The distribution coefficient of the Ca2+ was 7 × 10−8 L/mg. The maximum adsorption capacity of the solute was 2404.8 mg/kg. The adsorption capacity of the urea was very small. According to the sand column test, the vertical dispersion was 11.5 cm. Due to the obvious size effect of dispersion, the sensitivity of dispersion in actual working conditions should be analyzed in a subsequent numerical simulation. The determined solute transport parameters provide support for the further study of the numerical simulation of the solute transport process of the HSRB formed by MICP grouting technology and provide a basis for further field application.
A Consistency Evaluation Method of Pavement Performance Based on K-Means Clustering and Cumulative Distribution
Authors: Ye Wenya , Zhang Rui , Yang Qun
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a cumulative distribution modelling method for pavement performance indexes based on the sampling theorem and implements clustering analysis of similar road sections through the K-means algorithm. The results show that: (1) The modelling method proposed in this paper can convert discrete pavement performance data into a continuous function of pavement performance indexes and a continuous function of pavement performance cumulative distribution and achieve the acquisition of a large amount of pavement performance data. (2) Based on the cumulative distribution and K-means clustering, it is possible to understand the overall pavement performance status of the network and identify road sections with similar decay models and poor decay status for focused attention, which constructed the pavement performance evaluation system of the three-level system of road network–road section–unit road section.
Goodness-of-Fit Test for the Bivariate Hermite Distribution
Authors: González-Albornoz Pablo , Novoa-Muñoz Francisco
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the goodness of fit test for the bivariate Hermite distribution. Specifically, we propose and study a Cramér–von Mises-type test based on the empirical probability generation function. The bootstrap can be used to consistently estimate the null distribution of the test statistics. A simulation study investigates the goodness of the bootstrap approach for finite sample sizes.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients Co-Infected with SARS-CoV2 and Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Boicean Adrian , Neamtu Bogdan , Birsan Sabrina , Batar Florina , Tanasescu Ciprian , Dura Horatiu , Roman Mihai Dan , Hașegan Adrian , Bratu Dan , Mihetiu Alin , Mohor Călin Ilie , Mohor Cosmin , Bacila Ciprian , Negrea Mihai Octavian , Fleaca Sorin Radu
Published: December 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the treatment of Clostridioides Difficile (CD)-infected patients given the increasing number of co-infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) shows promise in modulating the immune system’s function and alleviating the burdens associated with this condition. Methods: To achieve this goal, we performed a comparative, retrospective, single-center study on 86 patients (admitted between January 2020 and March 2022). We based our approach on specific inclusion criteria: 1. The study group included 46 co-infected patients (COVID-19 and CD) receiving antibiotics and FMT; 2. In the control group, 40 co-infected patients received antibiotics only. Our results showed no significant group differences in terms of gender, age, risk factors such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases, type 2 diabetes, and obesity (p > 0.05), or in pre-treatment inflammatory status, evaluated by white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We report a significant decrease in inflammatory syndrome (CRP, WBC) in coinfected patients receiving FMT in addition to antibiotics (p < 0.05), with a lower relapse rate and mitigation of cramping and abdominal pain (91.3%). In addition, a higher level of fibrinogen, persistent moderate abdominal pain (82.5%), and a significantly higher CD infection relapse rate (42.5%) were recorded in co-infected patients treated only with antibiotics (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study provides new data to support the multiple benefits of FMT in the case of COVID-19 and CD co-infection by improving patients’ quality of life and inflammatory syndrome.
Serum Levels of Inflammatory and Fibrotic Cytokines in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Baričić Mirjana , Cvijanović Peloza Olga , Jerbić Radetić Ana Terezija , Šantić Veljko , Omrčen Hrvoje , Zoričić Cvek Sanja
Published: December 2022

A certain percentage of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is associated with inflammatory conditions. Osteoarthritis (OA) increases the risk of CTS, and both diseases are common in the general population. Moreover, OA and CTS are often present in the same patients. Since inflammation and fibrosis are found in both conditions, the question is whether circulating inflammatory cytokines and cytokines involved in fibrosis in OA and CTS patients could serve as indicators of coexisting CTS and OA pathology. This investigation was performed on 31 CTS patients, 29 hip OA patients, and 15 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected, and serum levels of TGF-β1, BMP-7, IL-1β, and TNFα were measured using the ELISA method. The statistical analysis was performed to reveal the most significant differences in the serum levels of these cytokines. Statistical significance was set at p-values ≤ 0.05. The serum level of TGF-β1 was the highest in CTS patients (16.36 pg/mL) and significantly different compared to OA and healthy control. Analysis of the cytokine serum level in the subdivided group revealed that serum levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 were significantly higher in CTS+/OA+ patients as well as BMP-7 in the OA+/CTS+ group. There was no significant difference in serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β among all groups. This study showed that in the end stage of CTS and OA, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL1-β and TNFα) were not altered, while the serum levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 were significantly higher, especially in patients with coexisting OA and CTS. These findings suggest the possible values of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 as a predictive factor for the comorbidity of CTS and OA.
The Effect of Antipsychotics and Their Combinations with Other Psychotropic Drugs on Electrocardiogram Intervals Other Than QTc among Jordanian Adult Outpatients
Authors: Bulatova Nailya , Altaher Noor , BaniMustafa Radwan , Al-Saleh Akram , Yasin Haya , Zawiah Mohammed , Khalefah Hala , Ghilan Mokhtar , Al-Lahham Ala’a , Hudaib Mohummad , AlKhawaldeh Batoul , Nasr Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

The ECG changes produced by antipsychotics and other psychotropic medications are studied mostly regarding QTc interval prolongation. This study aimed to investigate ECG changes beyond long QTc interval produced by psychotropic medications. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the effect of these agents on RR, PR, TpTe intervals and TpTe/QT ratio among Jordanian outpatients. The RR interval was significantly shorter among patients on TCAs versus those not receiving TCAs and among patients on polytherapy versus those on monotherapy (p < 0.05 for both comparisons), when adjusted for age, gender, BMI, caffeine intake, smoking, presence of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and medications known to produce heart rate changes. Positive correlations were found between the PR interval and age in patients treated with SGAs, SSRIs, citalopram, polytherapy and in the total sample (p < 0.01 for all). Inverse correlations were found between the RR interval and the number of psychotropic medications among patients treated with SSRIs and in the whole study sample (p < 0.01 for both). In conclusion, various ECG changes beyond QTc interval prolongation are observed in patients on antipsychotics and other psychotropic medications, in those on polytherapy. It is recommended to obtain an ECG before starting patients on psychotropic drugs known to produce electrocardiographic changes and their combinations.
Pancreatic Pathological Changes in Murine Toxoplasmosis and Possible Association with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: El-kady Asmaa M. , Alzahrani Amal M. , Elshazly Hayam , Alshehri Eman Abdullah , Wakid Majed H. , Gattan Hattan S. , Al-Megrin Wafa Abdullah I. , Alfaifi Mashael S. , Mohamed Khalil , Alharbi Waheeb , Elshabrawy Hatem A. , Younis Salwa S.
Published: December 2022

Background: Previous studies have reported involvement of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infections in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, such as polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Crohn’s disease. However, data on the association between T. gondii infections and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are still controversial. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the pancreatic pathological changes in mouse models with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis and their association with T1DM. Materials and Methods: Three groups (10 mice each) of male Swiss Albino mice were used. One group of mice was left uninfected, whereas the second and third groups were infected with the acute virulent T. gondii RH strain and the chronic less virulent Me49 T. gondii strain, respectively. T. gondii-induced pancreatic pathological changes were evaluated by histopathological examination of pancreatic tissues. Moreover, the expression of insulin, levels of caspase-3, and the pancreatic infiltration of CD8+ T cells were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Results: Pancreatic tissues of T. gondii-infected animals showed significant pathological alterations and variable degrees of insulitis. Mice with acute toxoplasmosis exhibited marked enlargement and reduced numbers of islets of Langerhans. However, mice with chronic toxoplasmosis showed considerable reduction in size and number of islets of Langerhans. Moreover, insulin staining revealed significant reduction in β cell numbers, whereas caspase-3 staining showed induced apoptosis in islets of Langerhans of acute toxoplasmosis and chronic toxoplasmosis mice compared to uninfected mice. We detected infiltration of CD8+ T cells only in islets of Langerhans of mice with chronic toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: Acute and chronic toxoplasmosis mice displayed marked pancreatic pathological changes with reduced numbers of islets of Langerhans and insulin-producing-β cells. Since damage of β cells of islets of Langerhans is associated with the development of T1DM, our findings may support a link between T. gondii infections and the development of T1DM.
Collaborative Continuum Robots for Remote Engineering Operations
Authors: Ma Nan , Monk Stephen , Cheneler David
Published: December 2022

In situ repair and maintenance of high-value industrial equipment is critical if they are to maintain the ability to continue vital operations. Conventional single-arm continuum robots have been proven numerous times to be successful tools for use in repair operations. However, often more than one arm is needed to ensure successful operation within several scenarios; thus, the collaborative operation of multiple arms is required. Here, we present the design and operating principles of a dual-arm continuum robot system designed to perform critical tasks within industrial settings. Here, presented are the design principle of the robotic system, the optimization-based inverse kinematic calculation of the 6-DoF continuum arms, and the collaborative operation strategy. The collaborative principle and algorithms used have been evaluated by a set of experiments to demonstrate the ability of the system to perform in situ machining operations. With the developed prototype and controller, the average error between planned and real toolpaths can be within 2.5 mm.
Analysis of the Performance of Natural Composite Materials Reinforced with Sago Sheath Fibers as an Alternative Material in Overcoming the Effect of Urban Heat Islands on Buildings
Authors: Maryanto Eko , Setyawan Ary , Maria Theresia , Astuti Winny
Published: December 2022

Local knowledge of a region is an asset that encourages the identification of a region. Hence, the specificity, uniqueness, and character that animates a particular city can distinguish it significantly from other cities. Sago tree fronds are widely applied to buildings as an alternative material for making tiles for roofs and other parts of buildings. The sago palm has long been used for making roofs and walls, especially in traditional houses. Few previous studies have used sago fronds as a manufacturing material for traditional houses. However, based on data in the field, many traditional houses still use sago fronds as a roof and wall framing material. This is also an effort to overcome the urban heat island phenomenon (UHI) in buildings. The UHI phenomenon is a phenomenon of urban development that highly affects environmental quality conditions and causes microclimate changes where air temperature conditions in urban areas are higher than the surrounding air temperatures. Sago midrib fiber is a natural composite material used as a reinforcing material for natural composite materials due to its thermal and mechanical properties. Composite materials using the hand lay-up technique—with characterization methods including the impact test and the DSC test, variations in NaOH levels, and variations in the resin–catalyst matrix—were used in this study. The results obtained were then compared with those in the literature. The results showed that 6% NaOH obtained the most significant impact value of 2.1 J, and the resin–catalyst matrix variation of 97.5%:2.5% obtained the most significant impact value, which was 2.4 J. Meanwhile, the DSC test results showed that the material’s best value for retaining heat was at 4% NaOH content variation and a resin–catalyst matrix variation of 97.5%:2.5%.
Characterization of CdTe Thin Films Using Orthogonal Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Quintana-Silva Guillermo , Sobral Hugo , Rangel-Cárdenas Jesus
Published: December 2022

Orthogonal reheating double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to the elemental analysis of CdTe thin film samples. Films were grown through nanosecond pulsed laser ablation over silicon and glass substrates. The analysis was performed by applying a 266 nm pulsed laser devised to minimize sample damage. Re-excitation was conducted using a nanosecond laser emitting at 1064 nm that induced air breakdown 1 mm above the target. Emission enhancement was investigated as a function of both time acquisition delay and inter-pulse delay. The plasma temperature and electron density calculations made showed that the double-pulse scheme produced higher temperature values and a longer plasma duration than single-pulse LIBS. The self-absorption coefficient of the lines was determined from the measured ablated matter, plasma volume and collected spectra. The results of the double-pulse LIBS configuration showed a significant increase in emission intensity, reducing the self-absorption effect. In addition, the relative concentration of the thin films was determined for both experimental schemes. The calculated elemental values for the double-pulse configuration coincide with those expected and are more accurate than those obtained using a single laser.