bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the hepatitis B virus in autochthonous and endogenous populations in the Western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Dias Ádila Liliane Barros , Oliveira Cintia Mara da Costa , Castilho Márcia da Costa , Silva Maria do Socorro Pontes da , Braga Wornei Silva Miranda
Published: February 2012

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B virus is classified into eight genotypes, varying from A to H, with distinct geographical distributions. In Brazil, the most frequent genotypes are A, D, and F. METHODS: This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotypes in cases of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infections in an endemic area in the Western Brazilian Amazon. We analyzed 86 serum samples reactive for HBsAg from indigenous and non-indigenous populations obtained from previous serological surveys. RESULTS: Of the 86 reactive serum samples, 39 were found to be HBV-DNA-positive by semi-nested PCR. The genotypes were established by sequencing the amplified S gene region. We obtained 20 sequences classified into three genotypes: A, D, and F. Genotype A was the most frequent (60%), followed by D (35%) and F (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the HBV genotypes reflected the pattern of historical occupation of the region.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and carriage after nineteen years of vaccination program in the Western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Braga Wornei Silva Miranda , Castilho Márcia da Costa , Borges Fabiane Giovanella , Martinho Ana Cristina de Souza , Rodrigues Ivo Seixas , Azevedo Eliete Pereira de , Scazufca Márcia , Menezes Paulo Rossi
Published: February 2012

INTRODUCTION: Reductions in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage, decreases in liver cancer incidence, and changes in patterns of liver dysfunctions are described after hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a population-based seroprevalence study aimed at estimating the HBV prevalence and risk of infection in the rural area of Lábrea following nineteen years of HBV vaccination. RESULTS: Half of the subjects showed total anti-HBc of 52.1% (95% CI 49.6-54.7). The HBsAg prevalence was 6.2% (95% CI 5.1-7.6). Multivariate analysis showed an inverse association between HBV infection and vaccination (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.87). HBsAg remained independently associated with past hepatitis (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.52-3.89) and inversely to vaccination (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.69). The prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg-positive individuals was 20.4% (95% CI 12.8-30.1), with the positive subjects having a median age of 11 years (1-46) p=0.0003. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that HBV infection is still an important public health issue and that HBV vaccination could have had better impact on HBV epidemiology. If we extrapolate these findings to other rural areas in the Brazilian Amazon, we can predict that the sources of chronic infected patients remain a challenge. Future studies are needed regarding clinical aspects, molecular epidemiology, surveillance of acute cases, and risk groups.
In-house ELISA method to analyze anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgG reactivity for differential diagnosis and evaluation of Chagas disease morbidity
Authors: Santos Lilian da Silva , Torres Rosália Morais , Machado-de-Assis Girley Francisco , Bahia Maria Terezinha , Martins Helen Rodrigues , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Coelho-dos-Reis Jordana Grazziela Alves , Albajar-Viñas Pedro , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Lana Marta de
Published: February 2012

INTRODUCTION: The goal was to develop an in-house serological method with high specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis and monitoring of Chagas disease morbidity. METHODS: With this purpose, the reactivities of anti-T. cruzi IgG and subclasses were tested in successive serum dilutions of patients from Berilo municipality, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The performance of the in-house ELISA was also evaluated in samples from other relevant infectious diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), syphilis (SYP), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), and noninfected controls (NI). Further analysis was performed to evaluate the applicability of this in-house methodology for monitoring Chagas disease morbidity into three groups of patients: indeterminate (IND), cardiac (CARD), and digestive/mixed (DIG/Mix), based on their clinical status. RESULTS: The analysis of total IgG reactivity at serum dilution 1:40 was an excellent approach to Chagas disease diagnosis (100% sensitivity and specificity). The analysis of IgG subclasses showed cross-reactivity, mainly with NI, VL, and ATL, at all selected serum dilutions. Based on the data analysis, the IND group displayed higher IgG3 levels and the DIG/Mix group presented higher levels of total IgG as compared with the IND and CARD groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that methodology presents promising applicability in the analysis of anti-T. cruzi IgG reactivity for the differential diagnosis and evaluation of Chagas disease morbidity.
Vitamin C effects in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi QM2 strain
Authors: Gusmão Alex Silva de , Castanho Roberto Esteves Pires , Andrade Rodrigo Franzoso Almeida de , Farsetti Clarisse Moreno , Mathias Andressa Boim , Therezo Altino Luiz Silva , Martins Luciamáre Perinetti Alves
Published: February 2012

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C in reducing the consequences generated by the production of free radicals in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease, two different doses of ascorbic acid were administered orally to 60 mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi QM2 strain. METHODS: The animals were divided into six groups: G1, G2, and G3 for the acute phase study, and G'1, G'2, and G'3 for the chronic stage. The groups G1 and G'1 received 8.6x10-4mg/g of vitamin C daily, whereas G2 and G'2 received 7.14x10-3mg/g daily. The other groups, G3 and G'3, were considered placebos and received 10µL of mineral water. RESULTS: The study of the acute phase showed statistically significant differences between G1 and the other groups at various count days of the parasitemia evolution. The multiplying parasite was slower in G1 until the 11th day, but on the 22nd day it had greater parasitemia than in G2 and G3, and from the 36th day on, parasitemia stabilized at higher levels. However, when the histopathology of acute and chronic phases is considered, one does not note significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of two different doses of vitamin C was not able to protect mice and to contain the oxidative stress caused by free radicals formed by the metabolism of oxygen (reactive oxygen species) and nitrogen (reactive nitrogen species).
Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in São Vicente Férrer, a sympatric area to cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Vanessa Cristina Fitipaldi Veloso , Costa Pietra Lemos , Silva Fernando José da , Silva Kyldman Thais da , Silva Kamila Gaudêncio da , Araújo Ana Isabele Freitas de , Rodrigues Eduardo Henrique Gomes , Brandão Filho Sinval Pinto
Published: February 2012

INTRODUCTION: In the last decades, a considerable geographic expansion of the leishmaniases in all regions of Brazil has been observed. The present study was carried out to identify the composition of the phlebotomine sandfly fauna and verify the seasonal variation of the main species after environmental changes occurred in São Vicente Férrer Municipality, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were carried out during four consecutive nights of each month using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps from September 2009 to September 2010. The correlation between the number of phlebotomine sandflies captured and climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 13,872 specimens belonging to 20 species were captured, of which, 6,247 (45%) were females, and 7,625 (55%) were males. Lutzomyia migonei was the most abundant species with 9,964 (71.8%) specimens, being predominant in the intradomicile and peridomicile areas with 108 (86.4%) and 9,746 (97%), respectively. In the forest remnants, Lutzomyia complexa 2,395 (65%) and Lutzomyia sordellii 770 (20.8%) predominated. The correlation analysis between the total number of sandflies captured and climatic factors did not show a significant influence on population density. CONCLUSIONS: The high abundance of Lutzomyia migonei and Lutzomyia complexa indicates the possibility of new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).
Sandfly frequency in a clean and well-organized rural environment in the state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Legriffon Cristiane Machado de Oliveira , Reinhold-Castro Kárin Rosi , Fenelon Vanderson Carvalho , Neitzke-Abreu Herintha Coeto , Teodoro Ueslei
Published: February 2012

INTRODUCTION: Sandflies caught in Santa Juliana Farm in Sarandi, State of Paraná, Brazil, were assessed in terms of their fauna, seasonality, and frequency in the homes and in shelters of domestic animals around the homes, as well as in the nearby forest. METHODS: In Santa Juliana Farm, there are no records of cases of ACL, differing from other relatively clean and organized areas where surveys of sandflies have been conducted in Paraná. Samples were collected with Falcão light traps, fortnightly from 22:00 to 02:00 hours, from November 2007 to November 2008. RESULTS: A total of 4,506 sandflies were captured, representing 13 species, predominantly Nyssomyia whitmani (71.8%). More sandflies were collected in the forest (52.6%) than outside the forest (residences and pigsty) (47.4%). However, Ny. whitmani was collected in greater numbers outside (38.3%) than inside the forest (33.5%). Most sandflies were collected in the warmer months and during periods with regular rainfall. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cleaning and organization around the houses could reduce sandfly population in peridomicile. Constructing shelters for animal at a distance of approximately 100m from domiciles is recommended to prevent the invasion of sandflies, as this farm has an area of preserved forest, with wild animals and sandflies present to maintain the enzootic cycle of Leishmania.
Relationship between antibiotic consumption, oropharyngeal colonization, and ventilator-associated pneumonia by Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit of a Brazilian teaching hospital
Authors: Moreira Michel Rodrigues , Gontijo Filho Paulo Pinto
Published: February 2012

INTRODUCTION: his study evaluated the consumption of major classes of antibiotics, the colonization of the oropharynx of patients on mechanical ventilation, and the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit for adults. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out using colonized patients (cases) by oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) and (controls) oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus (OSSA) from May 2009 to August 2010. The occurrence of VAP by S. aureus was also evaluated in the same period. Antibiotic consumption was expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)/1,000 patient-days for glycopeptides, carbapenems, and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-six (56.1%) patients underwent mechanical ventilation with a frequency of oropharyngeal colonization of 36.4%, corresponding to 63.5% for ORSA and 36.5% for OSSA. The risk of illness for this organism was significant (p<0.05), regardless of whether colonization/infection was by ORSA or OSSA. The consumption of antibiotics was high, mainly for broad-spectrum cephalosporins (551.26 DDDs/1,000 patient-days). The high density of use of glycopeptides (269.56 DDDs/1,000 patient-days) was related to colonization by ORSA (Pearson r=0.57/p=0.02). Additionally, age >60 years, previous antibiotic therapy, and previous use of carbapenems were statistically significant by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between the colonization of the oropharyngeal mucosa and the risk of VAP by both phenotypes. The use of glycopeptides was related to colonization by ORSA.
Abnormal spontaneous interleukin 8 receptor expression: a brief report of two cases
Authors: Antas Paulo , Holland Steven , Sterling Timothy
Published: February 2012

Interleukin 8 (CXCL8) is an autocrine chemokine specific for the chemoattraction and activation of granulocytes, NKT cells and T lymphocytes. Patients with tuberculosis and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were assessed for the spontaneous expression of CXCR1 (CD128) and CXCR2 on lymphocytes and monocytes. Compared with ex vivo profiles, increased spontaneous CXCR2 expression and normal CXCR1 expression were found on lymphocytes in two out of 59 individuals. Monocytes showed normal ex vivo profiles for both receptors. After stimulation with purified protein derivative, the in vitro levels of CXCL8 were below the median levels of all patients with prior tuberculosis. Spontaneous CXCR2 modulation did not cause notable variation in the in vitro levels of CXCL8.
Universidades e inovação: configurações institucionais & terceira missão
Authors: Castro Maria Helena de Magalhães
Published: February 2012

O texto analisa a chamada "3ª Missão" da universidade de pesquisa, qual seja, a de transferir conhecimento, tecnologia e inovação; que tem sido acompanhada por reconfigurações tanto da pesquisa (alinhando-a ao novo modo de produção cientifica), quanto do ensino (alinhando-o aos novos perfis adequados à economia e sociedade do conhecimento). Faz-se um breve resumo das reformas européias que alteraram profundamente o sistema de governança do ensino superior e de suas universidades, seguido de uma sistematização das mudanças que vêm redefinindo o lugar e papéis das universidades de pesquisa no Brasil - tanto as promovidas pelo MEC, quanto principalmente, pelo MCT. Estes materiais são usados para discutir o ajuste da configuração institucional das universidades de pesquisa brasileiras - especialmente, as da rede federal - aos novos desafios de produzir (e transferir) conhecimentos e quadros que alavanquem a inovação, a economia e sociedade do conhecimento no país.
O cuidado à puérpera com HIV/AIDS no alojamento conjunto: a visão da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Araújo Carla Luzia França , Signes Aline Faria , Zampier Vanderleia Soéli de Barros
Published: February 2012

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a visão que a equipe de enfermagem tem sobre o cuidado à puérpera soropositiva e a implementação das ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV no alojamento conjunto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa. Foi realizada em uma maternidade no município de Nova Iguaçu/Rio de Janeiro. Como recurso técnico-metodológico utilizou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Após a análise dos discursos verificamos que a equipe de enfermagem não tem uma abordagem adequada à puérpera soropositiva. A implementação das ações desenvolvidas no alojamento conjunto para a prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV não foi reconhecida pelos sujeitos do estudo. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de melhor qualificação da equipe de enfermagem que presta assistência no alojamento conjunto, com relação à assistência à puérpera com HIV, em particular sobre as ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV.
Alimentação e saúde: sentidos atribuídos por adolescentes
Authors: Silva Julyana Gall da , Teixeira Maria Luiza de Oliveira , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção
Published: February 2012

OBJETIVOS: identificar o saber de adolescentes sobre uma alimentação saudável, analisar os alimentos que compõem suas refeições, discutir este consumo à luz de uma alimentação saudável e programar ações de educação em saúde sobre o tema. MÉTODO: Pesquisa convergente-assistencial, com entrevista individual e aplicação de um roteiro com questões fechadas e abertas. Participaram 14 adolescentes, entre 14 e 17 anos, de um colégio público. RESULTADOS: apesar de os adolescentes saberem sobre os hábitos saudáveis de alimentação, a maioria declarou não os seguir. A cultura de alimentação com comidas de preparação rápida marca seus hábitos, podendo trazer consequências à sua saúde. CONCLUSÃO: intervenções são necessárias para a melhoria dos hábitos alimentares dos adolescentes, para que eles perdurem na fase adulta. Como parte da pesquisa convergente-assistencial, a educação em saúde, baseada no diálogo, investiu no esclarecimento dos adolescentes sobre o tema.
Memórias e representações sociais do Sistema Único de Saúde por seus usuários
Authors: Santo Caren Camargo do Espírito , Gonçalves Thais Carvalho , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Gomes Antonio Marcos Tosoli
Published: February 2012

Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar o conteúdo das memórias e das representações do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) desenvolvidas por seus usuários. Possui abordagem qualitativa, baseado na Teoria das Representações e Memória Sociais. Foram selecionadas 15 entrevistas de usuários da rede hospitalar e 15 da rede básica, e realizada análise de conteúdo temática. Originaram-se três categorias, porém este estudo refere-se apenas a uma categoria, denominada Representações Sociais e Memórias do SUS. Os sujeitos reconhecem o SUS como um sistema de saúde para todos. Sobressai o bom atendimento, assim como relatam as facilidades e dificuldades dos serviços de saúde. Relatam também a utilização dos serviços de saúde no setor privado e utilização do sistema de referência como um elemento facilitador. Conclui-se que a representação sobre o SUS é a universalidade e que este estudo permitiu entender como o usuário do SUS vivencia seu processo de implementação.
Avaliação dos eventos adversos a medicamentos no contexto hospitalar
Authors: Roque Keroulay Estebanez , Melo Enirtes Caetano Prates
Published: February 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de eventos adversos a medicamentos em um hospital público e cardiológico, localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro e classificar os eventos adversos em relação à gravidade do dano. Trata-se de uma investigação baseada em revisão retrospectiva de prontuários. Foi analisada uma amostra aleatória de 112 prontuários de pacientes hospitalizados no período dezembro de 2007 a fevereiro de 2008. Enfermeiras revisoras selecionaram prontuários com potencial evento adverso a medicamento e um grupo de avaliadores confirmou a ocorrência dos eventos adversos e classificaram de acordo com o dano. A incidência de eventos adversos a medicamentos foi de 14,3%. Em 31,2% dos casos em que foi detectado o evento houve necessidade de intervenção para o suporte de vida. A detecção de eventos adversos nas instituições hospitalares possibilita conhecer falhas no sistema de medicação, bem como implementar estratégias para reduzi-las.
Sentimentos de familiares acompanhantes de adultos face ao processo de hospitalização
Authors: Beuter Margrid , Brondani Cecília Maria , Szareski Charline , Cordeiro Franciele Roberta , Roso Camila Castro
Published: February 2012

O estudo teve como objetivo descrever os sentimentos dos familiares acompanhantes durante a hospitalização de um membro da família e identificar as estratégias adotadas pela equipe de enfermagem para auxiliar o familiar acompanhante no enfrentamento da hospitalização do doente em uma unidade de clínica médica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se o Método Criativo e Sensível para produção dos dados através da dinâmica "Almanaque". Os dados foram submetidos à análise de discurso francesa, emergindo dois temas: sentimentos de familiares acompanhantes oriundos do processo de hospitalização e estratégias da equipe de enfermagem para auxiliar o familiar acompanhante no enfrentamento da hospitalização do doente. Identificaram-se os sentimentos de solidão, abandono, apreensão, desespero e impotência. Constata-se que estratégias como a realização de grupos de apoio e de oração, a utilização da comunicação clara e coesa e o estabelecimento de uma relação solidária com o familiar acompanhante contribuirão na superação daqueles sentimentos.
Comunicação entre mãe HIV+ e filho à luz da tacêsica em ambiente natural e experimental
Authors: Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz , Lima Ivana Cristina Vieira de , Aguiar Larissa de Fátima Pontes , Pedrosa Nathália Lima
Published: February 2012

A tacêsica é a forma de expressão da comunicação não verbal relacionada ao toque ou tato, desvelando-se como importante modo de expressão no relacionamento das mães com os bebês. Objetivou-se comparar a comunicação tacêsica entre mãe HIV positivo e seu filho, em ambiente natural e experimental, durante os cuidados maternos do banho e da troca. Filmagens dos cuidados foram realizadas nos dois ambientes e analisadas de forma descritiva por peritos em comunicação. Apesar das similaridades da utilização da tacêsica em ambiente natural e experimental, nos aspectos relativos à localização, intensidade e frequência do toque, a comunicação mediada pelo toque demonstrou ser executada de modo incipiente, sobretudo no ambiente natural. Assim incentiva-se orientar e motivar as mães para ampliar e incrementar os toques durante os cuidados com os filhos com vistas a estimular precocemente a ampliação do vínculo com seu filho e proporcionar o desenvolvimento cognitivo e relacional do bebê.
Saúde e meio ambiente na contemporaneidade: o necessário resgate do legado de Florence Nightingale
Authors: Camponogara Silviamar
Published: February 2012

As evidências de que a sociedade contemporânea vivencia uma intensa crise ambiental são cada vez mais contundentes. Na condição de sujeitos contemporâneos, sofremos o impacto de tais problemas ambientais, mas não necessariamente desenvolvemos ações de minimização do impacto ambiental. O texto busca problematizar a relação entre as questões ambientais e o campo da saúde, resgatando bases conceituais que possibilitem, aos profissionais de enfermagem e saúde, refletir sobre o tema e seu papel no processo de preservação ambiental, especialmente visando destacar o legado deixado por Florence Nightingale. Conclui-se que é necessária uma retomada do legado de Florence Nightingale, de forma a valorizar a dimensão ambiental como indispensável para o processo de assistência a saúde, tanto no que se refere à promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida, como a minimização do impacto ambiental advindo do processo de trabalho em saúde. A reflexão ética e a abordagem educativa são fundamentais nesse processo.
Haydn, segundo Villa-Lobos: uma análise do 1º movimento do Quarteto de cordas nº 7 de Villa-Lobos
Authors: Salles Paulo de Tarso
Published: February 2012

Este estudo analisa o 1º movimento do Quarteto de Cordas nº 7 de Villa-Lobos e investiga possíveis referências aos quartetos de cordas compostos por Franz Haydn, como Villa-Lobos sugeriu a Arnaldo Estrella.
Gagaku, de Olivier Messiaen
Authors: Irlandini Luigi Antonio
Published: February 2012

A tensão entre nostalgia e inovação se manifesta de maneira única em Gagaku, o quarto movimento de Sept Haikai, de Olivier Messiaen. A religiosidade de Messiaen representa uma forma de nostalgia para a vanguarda intelectual francesa. Messiaen considera o senso de ritual e de estase como expressões musicais do sagrado. Através da comparação da estrutura do Gagaku de Messiaen (analisado à luz de seus próprios escritos sobre os seus métodos composicionais) e da estrutura da música tradicional japonesa gagaku, este artigo mostra de que modo o senso de ritual e de estase constitui o elemento estético comum existente independentemente em ambas as formas musicais. A existência de um elemento comum entre a "fonte" não-ocidental e a composição ocidental inspirada por esta fonte provê a condição necessária para a transformação de nostalgia em inovação. O conceito de écriture tem um papel importante na dialética de passado/futuro desta transformação, causando estrutura e estilo a se diferenciarem baseados no princípio da não-imitação, e afirmando-se como o elemento formativo que faz de Gagaku uma peça distintamente francesa.
Gerenciamento da dor na Síndrome Pós-poliomielite: estudo de caso
Authors: Orsini Marco , Kale Júnior Nelson , Mello Mariana Pimentel , Machado Dionis , Bastos Victor Hugo , Joppert Daniel , Reis Carlos Henrique Melo , Silva Júlio Guilherme , Oliveira Acary Bulle , Menezes Sara Lúcia de , Freitas Marcos Raimundo de
Published: February 2012

A Síndrome Pós-Pólio (SPP) caracteriza-se por um novo episódio de fraqueza muscular e/ou fadiga muscular anormal em indivíduos que apresentaram poliomielite anterior aguda (PAA) anos antes. Ainda são poucos os relatos na literatura sobre o gerenciamento da dor na SSP. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o controle da dor na síndrome pós-pólio por meio de um relato de caso. Um homem de 57 anos com SPP foi submetido a 24 sessões de fisioterapia para controle do quadro álgico na síndrome, baseada em recursos eletrotermofototerápicos e cinesioterapia. Para análise da dor pré e pós-intervenção fisioterapêutica foram aplicados dois instrumentos: a Escala Analógica Visual (EVA) e a Intensidade de Dor Presente (ID). O quadro álgico no joelho direito sofreu redução de grau 8 para 4 pela EVA e grau 5 para 2 pela ID, enquanto a dor no tornozelo direito reduziu de grau 2 pela EVA e grau 1 pela ID para zero em ambas as escalas. A dor é apontada como um sintoma predominante por muitos pacientes com SPP. O sujeito deste relato, após o programa de tratamento, apresentou melhora expressiva da dor. Entretanto, devido à escassez da literatura sobre dados substanciais referentes ao seu gerenciamento, especialmente na fisioterapia, novos estudos devem ser propostos para gerar maior fundamentação teórica à abordagem fisioterapêutica na SPP.
Complicações respiratórias pós-operatórias em cirurgia bariátrica: revisão da literatura
Authors: Delgado Priscila Martins , Lunardi Adriana Claudia
Published: February 2012

Obesidade é um problema de saúde pública mundial com altos índices de morbi-mortalidade. A cirurgia bariátrica tem sido o tratamento mais usado e desperta atenção para seu desenvolvimento e resultados. Porém, até o momento, não há revisão sobre a incidência de complicações respiratórias nesta população. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre as complicações respiratórias após cirurgias bariátricas convencionais com a utilização das bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e Scielo buscando os termos: complicações, pulmonar, pós-operatório e cirurgia bariátrica. Os limites foram os últimos dez anos, adultos, inglês e espanhol. Encontramos 69 artigos e utilizamos 21. As complicações respiratórias mais observadas em cirurgia bariátrica são: embolia pulmonar, atelectasias e pneumonia, estando relacionadas à idade e à hipoventilação. A obesidade mórbida está associada a disfunções respiratórias, incluindo diminuição da resistência cardiorrespiratória e dispneia, sendo as alterações mais comuns: diminuição da ventilação e da complacência torácica, taquipneia e aumento do trabalho muscular respiratório, com altos índices de hipoxemia e fadiga respiratória. Nossos resultados mostram que embolia pulmonar, atelectasias e pneumonias são as complicações respiratórias mais incidentes em cirurgias bariátricas convencionais, sendo os idosos ou portadores de síndrome da hipoventilação e apneia obstrutiva do sono os que apresentam maior risco de desenvolvê-las.
Impact of coal mining on water quality of three artificial lakes in Morozini River Basin (Treviso, Santa Catarina State, Brazil)
Authors: Moschini-Carlos Viviane , Pompêo Marcelo Luiz Martins , Lobo Felipe de Lucia , Meirelles Sergio Tadeu
Published: February 2012

AIM: To assess water quality of three lakes located in an abandoned coal mining area, in the Morozini River basin (Treviso, Santa Catarina State, Brazil). METHODS: The study sites were three lakes mining pits flooded after deactivation, near the drainage basin of the Morozini River (Treviso City, Santa Catarina State, Brazil). Samplings were carried out in profile in the limnetic region during two seasons (Summer in February and Winter in July). RESULTS: In general, the three lakes showed high concentrations of SO4-2, Mg, Fe, Al, Ca, Ba, Si, Zn, Ni, Na, K, Sr, B, Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu. CONCLUSIONS: Coal mining activity and waste disposal practices adopted by the mining companies in the Morozini River basin have drastically affected the water quality of the examined lakes and made them inappropriate for diverse human uses, such as leisure, swimming and fishing.
Structural optimisation: biomechanics of the femur
Authors: Phillips Andrew T. M.
Published: February 2012

A preliminary iterative three-dimensional meso-scale structural model of the femur was developed, in which bar and shell elements were used to represent trabecular and cortical bone respectively. The cross-sectional areas of the bar elements and the thickness values of the shell elements were adjusted over successive iterations of the model based on a target strain stimulus, resulting in an optimised construct. The predicted trabecular architecture, and cortical thickness distribution showed good agreement with clinical observations, based on the application of a single leg stance load case during gait. The benefit of using a meso-scale structural approach in comparison to micro- or macro-scale continuum approaches to predictive bone modelling was achievement of the symbiotic goals of computational efficiency and structural description of the femur.
Menai Suspension Bridge: a history of maintenance and repair
Authors: Day William Thomas
Published: February 2012

Menai Suspension Bridge was completed and opened in January 1826, a triumph for Thomas Telford and the longest span in the world. Despite the success of the bridge Telford was not entirely happy and was concerned by perceived problems. During construction the bridge suffered damage in strong winds and in February 1826 six hangers broke. Breakage of six hangers was repeated again in 1836 and in 1839 the deck was virtually wrecked in a hurricane. Provis was engaged to consider the matter and designed a new, articulated and heavier deck for the bridge, the construction of which was supervised by Maude. The replacement timber deck survived until 1893 when Baker designed a new steel deck. In 1908, Rivers commenced repairs and modifications to the bridge, but these were not entirely satisfactory. Tudsbery and Gibbs were engaged to examine the bridge in 1922, and it was recognised that the carriageway and weight restrictions severely limited use of the bridge. In 1938, Dorman Long began the difficult task of reconstructing the bridge to carry the full spectrum of modern road traffic. This paper recalls the first 112 years of the history of the bridge up until the time of the reconstruction.
Cauchy problem for a class of parabolic systems of Shilov type with variable coefficients
Authors: Litovchenko Vladyslav , Dovzhytska Iryna
Published: February 2012

In the case of initial data belonging to a wide class of functions including distributions of Gelfand-Shilov type we establish the correct solvability of the Cauchy problem for a new class of Shilov parabolic systems of equations with partial derivatives with bounded smooth variable lower coefficients and nonnegative genus. We also investigate the conditions of local improvement of the convergence of a solution of this problem to its limiting value when the time variable tends to zero.
Nonextensive statistical effects in the quark-gluon plasma formation at relativistic heavy-ion collisions energies
Authors: Gervino Gianpiero , Lavagno Andrea , Pigato Daniele
Published: February 2012

We investigate the relativistic equation of state of hadronic matter and quark-gluon plasma at finite temperature and baryon density in the framework of the non-extensive statistical mechanics, characterized by power-law quantum distributions. We impose the Gibbs conditions on the global conservation of baryon number, electric charge and strangeness number. For the hadronic phase, we study an extended relativistic mean-field theoretical model with the inclusion of strange particles (hyperons and mesons). For the quark sector, we employ an extended MIT-Bag model. In this context we focus on the relevance of non-extensive effects in the presence of strange matter.
A generic 3D kinetic model of gene expression
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir
Published: February 2012

Recent experiments show that mRNAs and proteins can be localized both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. To describe such situations, I present a 3D mean-field kinetic model aimed primarily at gene expression in prokaryotic cells, including the formation of mRNA, its translation into protein, and slow diffusion of these species. Under steady-state conditions, the mRNA and protein spatial distribution is described by simple exponential functions. The protein concentration near the gene transcribed into mRNA is shown to depend on the protein and mRNA diffusion coefficients and degradation rate constants.
A New Species of Mites of the Genus Anystipalpus (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) from the Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Trach V.
Published: February 2012

A New Species of Mites of the Genus Anystipalpus (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) from the Eastern Ukraine

Anystipalpus stepposus Trach, sp. n. from Lugansk Region associated with carabid beetles is described. The new species is similar to A. livshitsi (Eidelberg, 1989), differing by the arrangement of short and thickened setae on the podonotal shield, presence of large presternal shields, shape and sclerotization of the sternal shield, shape of some setae on legs and venter of idiosoma, details of structure of the chelicerae.
Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Personality and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament - analysis of their associations in a Polish sample
Authors: Hornowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2012

Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Personality and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament - analysis of their associations in a Polish sample

The present study explores the relationship between Cloninger scales and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT) traits. Cloninger's psychobiological model identifies four dimensions of temperament (Novelty seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Persistence) and three dimensions of character (Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence). RTT proposes the traits of Briskness, Perseveration, Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance and Activity as the basic dimensions underlying individual differences. The relationships between the dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character and Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament are investigated in a sample of 282 participants. Data analysis demonstrated some significant correlations between the two models. The strongest associations were found between the dimension of Harm Avoidance from Cloninger's concept and Strelau's RTT traits (positive correlations from r = .73 for Emotional Reactivity to r = .48 for Perseveration, and negative correlations from r = -.57 for Endurance to r = -.51 for Briskness). However, there is not enough evidence to suggest that the two models offer an alternative way of explaining individual differences. According to RTT, temperamental traits are expressed in formal characteristics of behavior (energetic and temporal) and every kind of behavior (irrespective of its content) can be described in the same formal categories. In the Psychobiological Model of Personality the traits are characterized rather by the content or goals of behavior. In this model, in addition to underlining the biological variation of heritable traits, the social, cultural and phenotypical levels of behavior are reflected.
Carbon dioxide sequestration by Polish forest ecosystems
Authors: Gaj Kazimierz
Published: February 2012

Pochłanianie CO2przez polskie ekosystemy leśne
A profile of lichen diversity down the trunk of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) highlights its importance in maintaining lichen species diversity in the Oleszno reserve (Przedborski Landscape Park)
Authors: Łubek Anna
Published: February 2012

Pionowe zróżnicowanie bioty porostów na pniu jesionu wyniosłegoFraxinus excelsiororaz znaczenie tego drzewa w zachowaniu różnorodności gatunkowej porostów w rezerwacie Oleszno (Przedborski Park Krajobrazowy)
La fabrique cinématographique de l'altérité. Les personnages de « Chinoises » dans le cinéma occidental
Authors: Staszak Jean-François
Published: February 2012

L’article analyse le rôle du cinéma occidental dans la construction de l’altérité raciale et sexuelle, en suivant la carrière d’Anna May Wong, actrice hollywoodienne d’origine chinoise, active surtout dans les années 1920-1940. Il montre comment beaucoup de ses films portent sur le tabou des rapports interraciaux tout en érotisant son corps exotique. Ses personnages sont réduits à des stéréotypes, qui stigmatisent la communauté chinoise, en particulier aux États-Unis. Anna May Wong a été la victime d’un système raciste et sexiste qu’elle a malgré elle participé à reproduire. L’actrice est aujourd’hui célébrée par la communauté Chinese-American , mais a aussi acquis le statut d’icône gay du fait du caractère camp de ses personnages de Dragon Lady . Son parcours et ses films montrent que les systèmes de domination de genre et de race s’alimentent l’un autre, au point de les rendre indémêlables. Ces représentations de la femme orientale ont alimenté des phantasmes occidentaux, qui sont probablement impliqués dans le développement du tourisme sexuel en Asie du Sud-Est.
Les forêts dunaires de l'ouest de la France : de la nécessité d'une ressource aux difficultés d'une gestion multifonctionnelle
Authors: Petit-Berghem Yves
Published: February 2012

Les forêts dunaires de l’ouest de la France sont des créations artificielles dont l’origine remonte au XIX e siècle. Dans un contexte de transformation agricole accélérée et de bonification des terres, le boisement apparaît comme une solution pour transformer des espaces instables et jugés sans grande valeur. C’est alors que la forêt constitue la ressource la plus importante car c’est elle qui suscite le plus d’investissements et c’est elle qui transforme radicalement le paysage dunaire. La situation est différente aujourd’hui car les sylvosystèmes dunaires vieillissent et les attentes ne sont plus les mêmes. Des risques se manifestent et certaines forêts sont menacées par leur position très avancée en bordure des plages. La gestion de la forêt ne peut alors être opérée qu’en la recadrant dans le géosystème dunaire.
La néologie lexicale : de l'impasse à l'ouverture
Authors: Mortureux Marie-Françoise
Published: February 2012

En 1974, dans Langages  36, L. Guilbert et son équipe signalaient les obstacles théoriques empêchant la syntaxe générative transformationnelle de N. Chomsky d’intégrer la néologie lexicale à la description linguistique. Divers travaux en morphologie lexicale et sémantique lexicale ont, depuis, éclairé la production et la lexicalisation des néologismes, inscrivant la néologie lexicale dans un modèle évolutionniste du lexique.
Les transformations générationnelles de la politisation dans les collectivités territoriales
Authors: Biland Émilie
Published: February 2012

Résumé Cette contribution étudie les rapports au politique (entendus principalement comme les relations entretenues avec les élus locaux) des cadres des collectivités territoriales au regard de leur mode de recrutement, de leur statut d’emploi et de leur déroulement de carrière. Ces trois indicateurs de la position professionnelle varient fortement selon la génération d’appartenance. Les transformations de l’emploi public local qui affectent les jeunes générations – élévation de la qualification initiale, raréfaction de la mobilité liée à l’ancienneté, banalisation de la mobilité géographique et de la contractualisation – contribuent à la redéfinition des relations entre élus locaux et cadres territoriaux, dans le sens d’une moindre dépendance personnelle, mais d’un étiquetage partisan maintenu. Ce faisant, cet article revisite la thèse de la politisation de l’encadrement territorial en spécifiant ses formes au regard des trajectoires et des pratiques professionnelles, ainsi qu’en intégrant l’existence de tensions générationnelles.
« Tout change à partir de ce soir » ?
Authors: Frau Caroline
Published: February 2012

Résumé Si le lien entre changement générationnel et modification du répertoire d’action au sein des organisations politiques est souvent soulevé, les médiations causales entre ces deux types de transformations sont plus rarement étudiées. À partir des notions de situation de génération, d’ensemble générationnel et d’unité générationnelle développées par Karl Mannheim, cet article propose de saisir comment le changement de situation générationnelle du groupe professionnel des buralistes est utilisé de manière stratégique dans la lutte pour l’accès au pouvoir au sein de l’organisation représentative. Travailler ensemble les logiques structurelles et les logiques de situation permet alors de comprendre que le recours à la manifestation comme nouvelle pièce du répertoire d’action est un acte symbolique de monstration de ce qui est défini comme la nouvelle génération.
Du projet politique au projet syndical
Authors: Tonneau Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2012

Résumé La « gauche judiciaire » initiée dans les années 1970 est bien souvent perçue a priori , car non analysée, comme l’œuvre de jeunes militants de l’extrême gauche qui, tout en débutant le deuil de leurs idéaux de jeunesse, pénètrent le monde professionnel. La création du Syndicat des avocats de France (SAF) en 1973 par des avocats communistes membres des cellules du Palais de Paris et de région parisienne oblige à rompre avec cette vision uniforme. Cet article s’intéresse aux deux premières générations du SAF : les fondateurs communistes et les avocats issus de l’extrême gauche adhérant dans la seconde moitié des années 1970. Après avoir mis en évidence les tensions entre ces générations d’avocats-militants aux affiliations et/ou orientations partisanes diverses, l’article montre comment la coexistence quotidienne dans la profession et dans le syndicat en phase d’établissement contribue à atténuer les tensions intergénérationnelles. Il met ce faisant en relief le poids des sociabilités et des contraintes professionnelles quotidiennes comme de la politique institutionnelle dans la dynamique des relations intergénérationnelles au sein d’un syndicat.
Quand une génération en cache une autre
Authors: Raison du Cleuziou Yann
Published: February 2012

Résumé La crise que traverse le clergé catholique dans les années 1960-1970 a été interprétée comme la conséquence de la différenciation générationnelle des modes de socialisation à l’institution sacerdotale. Cet article revient sur cette interprétation et propose de penser le conflit de génération non seulement comme le produit d’une lutte d’habitus générationnels mais également comme une arène spécifique de lutte construite par des acteurs qui se réclament explicitement d’intérêts générationnels. En effet, une génération n’est pas que le produit d’un mode de socialisation spécifique, elle est également un groupe social construit à travers les discours et les pratiques d’acteurs qui se saisissent de cette catégorie d’identification à des fins mobilisatrices. À partir de l’exemple de la Province dominicaine de France, cet article montre comment se différencient les habitus des religieux au fil des années 1950-1960, puis comment l’Ordre va être mis en crise au nom des « jeunes » par une génération de dominicains qui accèdent aux positions dominantes et voient dans la contestation de mai 1968 une occasion d’imposer les réformes qu’ils souhaitent.
Les sens de l'humour
Authors: Zambiras Ariane
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’approche ethnographique permet de saisir les discussions politiques informelles dont l’importance, pour l’étude de la politisation, a été soulignée. L’enquête présentée ici montre que l’humour est une modalité privilégiée de politisation des discussions informelles, en particulier dans un contexte public, car il permet d’atténuer les « logiques de conflictualisation » propres au processus de politisation. Introduire le politique sous forme de plaisanterie permet de proposer pour validation aux autres membres du groupe un contenu implicite, sans pour autant prendre le risque de clivage en cas de désaccord. L’échec de l’événement humoristique est une épreuve pour les participants à la discussion, mais celle-ci est moins profonde qu’un désaccord pleinement formulé lors d’une discussion de fond faisant apparaître des clivages insurmontables. Porter attention aux événements humoristiques permet de contribuer au renouvellement des modes d’approche de la politisation, et de comprendre comment celle-ci opère en dépit des risques de clivage qu’elle fait encourir à la communauté.
Limites du modèle délibératif : composer avec différents formats de participation
Authors: Richard-Ferroudji Audrey
Published: February 2012

Résumé En France la politique de l’eau exige une participation des usagers à sa gestion et une concertation entre les différentes personnes concernées. Les critiques adressées aux dispositifs mis en œuvre pour remplir ces exigences montrent les limites d’une conception uniquement fondée sur le modèle délibératif et invitent à porter un regard attentif aux situations participatives. En nous appuyant sur la théorie des régimes d’engagement, nous proposons une grille de lecture de la manière dont les participants sont engagés et s’engagent dans les dispositifs selon différentes figures de participation : porteur d’enjeux, sujet politique et moral, personne enracinée ou être curieux. Cette approche est mobilisée pour décrire trois formats typiques de participation à la gestion de l’eau, en nous appuyant sur le cas du bassin de l’Orb. Cet article développe une critique interne des dispositifs pour penser leur ajustement. Il invite à penser l’articulation de différents formats de participation pour composer un dispositif approprié et qui reconnaisse les différences entre participants selon plusieurs dimensions.
Union européenne : une dépolitisation propice au populisme
Authors: Nivet Bastien
Published: February 2012

Résumé Souvent analysé de façon fractionnée, le développement dans plusieurs pays de l’Union européenne (UE) de mouvements politiques qualifiés de populistes commence à être abordé plus globalement comme le signal de malaises politiques, économiques et sociaux communs à plusieurs États européens. Dans ce contexte, les européanistes ayant questionné le lien entre ces dynamiques populistes et leur objet d’étude – l’UE –, se sont pour l’heure contentés d’une posture relativement descriptive et victimaire, constatant le développement simultané d’une même pathologie dans plusieurs États membres et une propension de ces mouvements à prendre pour cible, aux côtés des élites et des étrangers, l’UE. Il est aujourd’hui nécessaire de penser la façon dont l’espace européen, par certains de ses défauts et par des dérives dans la façon dont les gouvernements nationaux le pratiquent et le construisent, fournit malheureusement un terreau favorable à la diffusion de mouvements politiques populistes.