bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canine autologous platelet rich fibrin membrane transplantation for corneal reconstruction after the excision of dermoid cyst in two pups
Authors:   Dept. of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala- 680 651, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Kerala, India, Philip Laiju M. , Jos B.M. Nijin , Kumar Ajin S. , Stephen Alan V. , Varghese Reji , Martin K.D. John , Venugopal Syam K.
Published: January 2025

Two Rottweiler puppies were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai, KVASU, with the history
of epiphora from the right eye for a period of three weeks. On ophthalmic examination, a dermoid cyst could be observed
at the lateral border of the right cornea in both the dogs. Dermoid cysts were excised under general anaesthesia by
superficial keratectomy followed by conjunctivectomy. Autologous platelet rich fibrin membrane (PRFM) was transplanted
over the wound bed by suturing onto the bulbar conjunctiva followed by third eyelid membranoplasty. After the transplant,
the corneal epithelisation process took place over two weeks. The cornea returned to normal transparency after five
weeks. At eight weeks following the transplant, the dog had little neovascularisation and slight corneal scarring. In
conclusion, canine autologous PRFM transplantation can aid corneal healing following the removal of dermoid cysts in
dogs.
Keywords: Autologous platelet rich fibrin membrane, corneal reconstruction, dermoid cyst
How Banf1 Functions to Inhibit the Activity of PARP1
Authors:   , Bai Bond
Published: January 2025

This thesis explores the interaction between two key proteins, Banf1 and PARP1, which play crucial roles in DNA repair. Using advanced techniques like mass photometry, spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, the research reveals how Banf1 regulates PARP1's activity by binding to its catalytic domain. This interaction is significant for maintaining genomic stability, with implications for diseases such as cancer, where DNA repair processes are often disrupted. The findings contribute to understanding how these proteins function together, potentially paving the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting PARP1 in cancer treatment.
Coronary Thrombosis Due To Atypical Mechanism during Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report
Authors: Barbosa Roberto Ramos
Published: January 2025

Radiofrequency ablation is currently used for the treatment of several arrhythmias, including premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in cases of persistent symptoms despite optimized medical treatment and arrhythmia-induced-cardiomyopathy. The most common complications are those related to the vascular access, followed by cardiac tamponade. Atrioventricular blocks, coronary lesions and neurological alterations may also occur. We report a case of a fifty-year-old female referred for catheter ablation of PVCs, who evolved with cardiac tamponade and cardiorespiratory arrest during procedure. After pericardiocentesis and return of spontaneous circulation, a persistent anterior wall ST-segment elevation was noted. Immediate coronary angiography showed occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, probably secondary to extrinsic compression by the pigtail catheter in the pericardial sac during chest compressions, a mechanism not yet described of myocardial infarction during ablation. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention was successfully performed. The patient had favorable evolution after the complications, with no ventricular dysfunction, and was discharged from hospital after seven days.
Achıevements in the Surgıcal Treatment of Aneurysms of the Infrarenal Regıon of the Abdomınal Aorta
Authors: Ilgar Namazov , Kamala Namazova , Rasim Guliyev , Azer Aslanov , Sadiq Ahmadov , Ulviyya Ahmadova , Narmin Murvaladova , Gulnar Ibrahimova
Published: January 2025

The article’s topic is devoted to the surgical treatment of aneurysms of the infrarenal aorta, the achievements we have achieved in the perioperative period, and the prevention of possible complications that may arise in the postoperative period. For this purpose, clinical materials from 125 patients were analyzed. Operation “Resection of the aneurysm using a synthetic aortic prosthesis” in 34 patients; “thromboendarterectomy from the abdominal aorta, biiliac bifemoral synthetic aortic prosthesis” was performed on 91 patients. In patients, the operation was performed using combined epidural intubation anesthesia. The duration of the operation was 293.0±11.87 minutes. The Cell-Saver apparatus was used for autotransfusion. The average volume of blood loss was 3252.5±219.12 ml. Mortality in the postoperative period occurred in 3.2% of patients. Cause of death; “Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome” developed as a result of internal bleeding in 1 patient; 1 patient had “intestinal obstruction”, and 2 patients had “acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary-heart-renal failure”.
Teaching Listening Comprehension in the Armenian Classroom Using Bottom-up and Top-down Strategies
Authors: CHALABYAN SUSANNA , SAHAKYAN ARPINE
Published: January 2025

The paper investigates bottom-up and top-down strategies widely implemented in
teaching listening comprehension. Being constituent parts of cognitive strategies, these
two processes have been widely discussed and argued in pedagogical and linguistic
literature and implemented in ESL (English as a Second Language) classrooms to boost
the listening skills of students. Some elements of these strategies, namely lexical
knowledge, prior knowledge, the ability to make deductions and inferring the meaning,
are discussed in the paper, underlining their relevant contribution to the excelling
listening competence of Second language (L2) students.
The research carried out by outstanding scholars has been investigated and
introduced in the paper. The aim of the research is to reveal the efficiency of these two
strategies when implied in a classroom. The advantages and some disadvantages of
bottom-up and top-down strategies are discussed and shown in the paper, emphasizing
that only their simultaneous leverage is the answer to enhancing the listening
comprehension of L2 students. Being mutually reinforcing and interwoven they benefit
to the improvement of listening comprehension when being used in a balanced way.
Impact of the Economic Justification of Punishment on the System of Certain Crimes
Authors: PAPOYAN HRAYR , VANYAN VENERA
Published: January 2025

Gary Becker's theory («Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach») was
studied and presented in the article. In this theory, Gary Becker presents the criminal as
an individual who evaluates his income and costs, his time, and his risk differently.
Based on this, he divides criminals into two categories:
• risk-prone criminals, for whom the likelihood of detection plays a huge role,
• risk-averse criminals, for whom the severity of punishment is of paramount
importance.
Based on this, the articles on theft in the Criminal Code of the RA and foreign
countries were studied.
We also studied the statistics of theft and crime and statistics of crime detection.
In addition, to understand how the severity of punishment affects the theft rate in
the RA and foreign countries, we introduced the economic index of the severity and the
weighted economic index of punishment. We found out that the economic index of the
severity of punishment does not have an impact on the crime rate. However, in the RA
the weighted economic index of punishment has a more significant impact on criminal
intent of criminals, which reduces the number of theft cases. Also, the main risk factor for criminals in the RA and foreign countries is the likelihood of crime detection, which
is discussed in Becker’s theory.
Job Retention Schemes as a Long-Term Employment Policy Instrument
Authors: TOROSYAN ALIK
Published: January 2025

The intervention of relevant government authorities is crucial when a critical
situation arises, such as the coronavirus pandemic. They should not be underestimated;
job retention schemes are the tools through which the governments shield the most
vulnerable population from the adverse effects of massive dismissals. These schemes,
which can be used in various ways, can be used to provide a timely and temporary fix to
a developing problem in the form of a crisis, or they can be used as solutions that
address issues such as structural unemployment in the long run. Across the globe,
nations have embraced a variety of job retention schemes, which generally fall into
three main categories: short-time work schemes, furlough schemes, and wage subsidy
schemes. These schemes are shaped to suit each country since they should address
particular problems and situations.
The article explores how employment protection measures affected the
unemployment trends during the COVID-19 pandemic, with this classification
understandably steering reliance on job retention schemes as either temporary crisis
responses or fundamental tools for a sustainable labor plan. More specifically, the
article uses a panel model to understand better the relationship between the growth
rates of COVID-19 cases and the fluctuations in the unemployment rate. The findings
have revealed that governments implementing long-term job retention schemes observe
much lower increases in unemployment compared to those relying on short-term
solutions. Furthermore, in countries where job retention schemes have become part of
sustainable economic development strategies, a higher level of public trust towards government activities has contributed to more stable consumer behaviour and improved
economic stability
Գազանանոցային զբոսաշրջություն. երբ հատվում են վայրի բնության պահպանությունն ու ռեկրեացիան / ZOO TOURISM: WHEN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION INTERSECT
Authors: TOVMASYAN Gayane
Published: January 2025

One type of wildlife tourism is zoo tourism, when people travel to other places to visit zoos and see
wild animals. Zoos are among the most visited tourist attractions in the world. The article discusses the
importance of developing zoo tourism as a means of combining recreation and wildlife conservation.
The article presents the history of the emergence of zoos, the 20 most famous zoos in the world, as well
as some statistics on the number of zoos in the world and their visitors. The Yerevan Zoo, the animals
kept there, as well as the need to develop the zoo and zoo tourism in the Republic of Armenia were
also presented.
Տնտեսական աճի գլուխկոտրուկը. ծառայությունների ոլորտի հետքերով/ PUZZLE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: IN THE TRAILS OF THE SERVICE SECTOR
Authors: PETROSYAN Narine
Published: January 2025

With strong economic growth now in its second year, a heated debate continues about its feasibility,
truthfulness, value, and ultimately, inclusiveness.
In the previous issue, we referred to the developments in the industry sector, trying to break the coil
of economic growth. Continuing to follow the pulse of the economy, this second issue focuses on the
most remarkable developments in the service sector and the expectations formed around it.
«Հաջողություն մանող թելերը». հայացք դեպի զարգացած տեքստիլ արդյունաբերություն ունեցող երկրներ / SPINNING THREADS OF SUCCESS:
A LOOK AT COUNTRIES WITH DEVELOPED TEXTILE INDUSTRIES
Authors: SHAHRIMANYAN Tereza
Published: January 2025

For countries with developed textile industries, this sector serves as an important source of
employment and export earnings. The international experience of managing the textile industry in
those countries involves cooperation, setting standards and regulations, promoting competition and
innovation, and complying with global trade rules. Now it is impossible to develop the textile industry
by staying isolated from global trends. Therefore, due to the growing interest in sustainability and
environmental protection, the management of the sector should be led in that direction. In order to
develop the RA textile industry, the provision of financial and institutional support to small and medium-sized enterprises of the textile industry should become an element of the management system of
the sector making investments in education and training of the textile industry, in the development of
technologies. Additionally, it is also necessary to adopt international quality standards, participate in
international agreements regulating textile trade, which may have an impact on the import and export
of textile products.
Ռումինիայի ագրարային ոլորտի զարգացումները և Հայաստանի հետ ընդհանուր գծերը / DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN ROMANIA
AND COMMON FEATURES WITH ARMENIA
Authors: AVETISYAN Samvel
Published: January 2025

Among the EU countries, Romania is the closest to Armenia in terms of agricultural organization.
Here, too, the number of landowners is quite large (about 2.84 million) and the amount of land per
household is relatively small. Approximately 1.06 million owners have less than 0.5 hectares of land,
which negatively affects the competitiveness of agriculture. Romania's agriculture differs from that of
former socialist countries due to the high degree of land fragmentation . In addition, the possibilities
of mechanization are relatively small. For instance, one tractor serves about 53 hectares of cultivated
land, compared to 14 hectares in the EU on average. At the same time, Romania stands out for its
relatively flat terrain, fertile soils and favorable climate for agriculture.
The purpose of this paper is to study Romania - a EU country that shares similar agricultural
conditions with Armenia - make certain comparisons, find similar problems and specific solutions.
Բարձրագույն կրթության միջազգայնացման խնդիրները Հայաստանում / CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF ARMENIA
Authors: MOVSISYAN Shushan
Published: January 2025

Currently, internationalization is one of the main factors in ensuring high quality education. It contributes to the development of scientific and research potential of universities, the provision of internationally competitive education, the diversification of HEIs’ income and their international recognition.
Developing countries are gradually transitioning from being importers to exporters of educational
services. The paper analyzed the current state of internationalization in Armenia’s higher education,
highlighting its main challenges and prospect.
Հայաստանի նոր էներգետիկ ուղին. «Սևծովյան մալուխ» նախագծի հեռանկարները / ARMENIA'S NEW ENERGY PATH։ THE PROMISE OF THE BLACK SEA CABLE PROJECT
Authors: TOROSYAN Alik
Published: January 2025

TThe Black Sea Submarine Cable Project is an EU-funded initiative aimed at building a high-voltage power (HVDC) and optical fiber cable (OFC) connection across the Black Sea. This project enables
Caucasian countries to export the green electricity they produce to Southeast European countries. The
Black Sea cable project can bring serious economic benefits to Armenia, but there are serious difficulties to join the project, which requires great efforts to overcome. The paper examines the electricity
demand of the beneficiary countries of the Black Sea cable project, the power generation capacities of
the Caucasian nations, the obstacles to Armenia's participation, and the potential impact on Armenia's
economy if it successfully joins the project.
Տնտեսական ակտիվության աճի և դանդաղման պատճառները 2024 թվականի հունվար-սեպտեմբերին / CAUSES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY GROWTH AND SLOWDOWN:
JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 2024
Authors: TADEVOSYAN Ruzanna
Published: January 2025

The paperanalyzes the economic activity indicator (EAI) of Armenia from January to September
2024. The study encompasses the state of the industry, trade turnover, construction, and service sectors.
While all of these sectors have generally contributed to growth, key areas such as mining, information
technology, beverage production, chemical products manufacturing, and clothes manufacturing have
experienced declines, impacting the growth of the EAI. Both the growth and slowdown are primarily
driven by external factors, although the degree of decline in some sectors, such as IT, could have been
mitigated through a more prudent tax policy.
Հյուսիս-հարավ մայրուղու շահագործումը՝ որպես Հայաստանի համար Չաբահար նավահանգստից լիարժեքորեն օգտվելու նախապայման / OPERATION OF THE NORTH-SOUTH HIGHWAY AS A PREREQUISITE FOR ARMENIA’S FULL
UTILIZATION OF CHABAHAR PORT
Authors: AVETISYAN Samvel
Published: January 2025

Almost all documents related to the North-South highway investment program emphasize that its
main objective is to provide access to the Black Sea via the territories of Armenia and Georgia, and
then to European countries. Another ambitious goal of the project is to improve the road connection
between Europe, the South Caucasus, and Asia. This issue takes on a completely new meaning after
India and Iran signed an agreement on developing the Chabahar port. Moreover, in the context of
geopolitical changes, the Russian-Ukrainian war, the terrorist activities of the Yemeni Houthis in the
Suez Canal, this road is important for the safe and inexpensive transportation of goods between China,
India, Iran, Southeast Asia and the ports of Poti, Varna, Constanta.
Calculations of the project show that in the case of the constructing the North-South highway corridor (556 km), the transportation of Iranian goods through the territory of Armenia will take 5 hours
instead of 9 hours, and the cost of transportation of 1 t/km will decrease by 1.5-2 US dollars. However,
a key prerequisite for the implementation of this project is the completion of the construction of the
North-South road within the territory of the Republic of Armenia. This paper highlights the problems
associated with the delay in the construction of this road and the organizational and economic issues
necessary to overcome them.
«Քրեածին» ՏՏ առաջընթաց. կիբեռհանցավորության գլոբալ միտումները / "CRIMINOGENIC" IT PROGRESS: GLOBAL TRENDS IN CYBERCRIME
Authors: PAKHLYAN Anna
Published: January 2025

New technologies are creating new types of crime while expanding opportunities for traditional criminal activity. Many of today's widespread cybercrimes are digital enhancements of traditional
crimes and have existed long before the word "cyber" was even coined.
Although statistics on the level and manifestations of cybercrime are fragmentary and limited, the
analysis of available data shows an unprecedented growth in the volume and constant improvement of
crimes committed in the cyber domain around the world.
Ճամփորդություն ալիքների վրայով. նավարկային զբոսաշրջության զարգացումը XXI դարում / TRAVELING ON THE WAVES: THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRUISE TOURISM
IN THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: TOVMASYAN Gayane
Published: January 2025

The paper discusses the historical development of cruise tourism, the main types of cruises, as
well as the benefits and challenges associated with this industry. Particular attention is paid to modern trends, including the growing interest in expedition cruises, increasing environmental awareness
of tourists, and the rising number of young travelers. The paper also highlights the impact of cruise
tourism on the local economy, infrastructure, cultural heritage, and environment, offering strategies
for sustainable management.
Despite being landlocked, Armenia is seeking to use its lakes and rivers to create unique cruise
routes. The paper suggests utilizing the potential of Lake Sevan to develop cruise tourism by creating
unique routes and improving infrastructure to attract tourists and promote economic growth.
«Դասական» տնտեսագիտական ցուցանիշները փոխարինելիս. Բիգ Մակի / REPLACING “CLASSICAL” ECONOMIC INDICATORS: THE BIG MAC INDEX
Authors: KHACHATRYAN Ani
Published: January 2025

The Big Mac Index, published by The Economist journal, is widely used in public as an informal
indicator of the value of national currencies and Purchasing Power Parity across different countries.
Considered a "non-classical" economic indicator, the widespread applicability of the Big Mac Index is
due to the use of a standardized product - the McDonald's Big Mac. The simplicity and universal nature
of this approach allow for insightful economic analysis, making it accessible and practical for understanding complex economic principles. The index has found application in various academic fields,
particularly in examining disparities in real wages across different nations. For instance, Princeton University economist Orley Ashenfelter, combined the Big Mac Index with data on McDonald's employee
wages (termed McWage) to create the "Big Macs per Hour" (BMPH) index. This metric provides a useful
gauge of real wages in different regions by calculating how many Big Macs an employee can afford per
hour of work. Such analysis does not only highlight wage disparities, but also allows to evaluate the
feasibility and significance of minimum wage increase.
State Regulation of The Railway Industry of The Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   NPJSC «Al-Farabi Kazakh National University», IZTELEUOVA Zhuldyz , KUNANBAYEVA Duissekul ,   Almaty Technological University
Published: January 2025

As a result of the study, it is recommended to create and expand a network of railway
transport and logistics centers that correspond to the current and future level of demand
for transport services. The railway industry must meet world standards in terms of safety,
speed of delivery and service. This study assessed the development of the railway industry in
Kazakhstan. The level of development and country regulation of the railway sector in Kazakhstan
was analyzed with the analysis of statistical data. The theoretical and practical importance
of the article is that the rules and conclusions contained in the work clarify the ideas formed in
the economic literature about the role and importance of the management and development of
railway transport in the country. At the same time, the results of the SWOT-analys provide an
opportunity to predict the further development of the railway industry, turn opportunities into
advantages and determine the further development strategy for the industry. The purpose of
the article is to develop theoretical and practical recommendations on improving the use of the
development potential of the railway sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, studying regulatory
measures by the country and determining their development prospects. The theoretical and
methodological basis of the article was considered the works of leading domestic and foreign
authors on the development of railway transport in the industrial and post-industrial society,
state economic policy and state entrepreneurship, private-state cooperation in the field of
economy.
SMART GOVERNANCE: PROGRAM TRANSFORMASIONAL DIGITAL NASIONAL MELALUI DESA, SIAPKAH INDONESIA?
Authors: Cahya Tiyar , Aris Umar , Pranacitra Resi , Suriyanto Suriyanto , Dewanto Wishnu
Published: January 2025

Smart Governance merupakan konsep tata kelola pemerintahan berbasis teknologi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, transparansi, dan partisipasi publik. Di Indonesia, penerapan Smart Governance difokuskan melalui desa sebagai unit pemerintahan terkecil dalam mendukung transformasi digital nasional. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi potensi desa dalam menjalankan program transformasi digital serta menilai kesiapan Indonesia dalam menerapkannya. Meskipun berbagai inisiatif seperti Desa Digital dan Internet Desa telah diluncurkan, tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan infrastruktur, rendahnya keterampilan digital, dan regulasi yang belum sepenuhnya mendukung. Untuk mengatasi kendala ini, diperlukan strategi kolaboratif antara pemerintah pusat, daerah, dan masyarakat lokal, serta peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia di desa. Kesimpulannya, desa dapat menjadi pusat inovasi digital yang mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan jika didukung dengan regulasi dan sumber daya yang memadai
Analisis Putusan Hakim Dalam Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Kemanfaatan, Kepastian Hukum, Dan Keadilan (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 832/Pid.Sus/2023/Pn Jkt.Brt)
Authors: Nurhayati
Published: January 2025

Tindak pidana kekerasan seksual terhadap anak merupakan tindak pidana serius yang merusak martabat manusia dan harus digolongkan sebagai kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menganalisis data sekunder yang bersumber dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur akademis. Kasus yang menonjol di Jakarta Barat melibatkan terdakwa (nama disamarkan), yang dijatuhi hukuman 6 tahun penjara sebagaimana tercantum dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Barat No. 832/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jkt.Brt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) penerapan sanksi dalam kasus tersebut, dan (2) pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi dari perspektif kemanfaatan, kepastian hukum, dan keadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sanksi pidana yang dijatuhkan mengacu pada Pasal 82 ayat (1) jo Pasal 76E UU No. 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Namun, putusan ini dinilai belum cukup memberikan efek jera. Rekomendasi yang diberikan antara lain melengkapi sanksi pidana penjara dengan pidana tambahan, seperti pengungkapan identitas pelaku secara terbuka dan kebiri kimiawi, untuk meningkatkan pencegahan dan mencapai nilai kemanfaatan, kepastian hukum, dan keadilan.
A longitudinal exploration of career factors: Focusing on college students participating in the Leadership Development Scholarship
Authors:   Korea Association Care Competency Education, Mun Jiyoung , Yang Chaewon
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the development curves of various factors on career development process of 300 scholarship recipients who participated in the Leader Development Scholarship Program from 2018 to 2022. A latent growth model was used to examine the mediating role of career exploration in the changes between career planning and career decision-making through a longitudinal mediation effect analysis. The analysis results showed that the career planning, career exploration, and career decision-making showed a linear pattern of change. The initial status of career planning significantly influences the initial status and rate of change of career exploration, as well as the influence of the change rate of career planning on the change rate of career exploration. However, the initial status and rate of change of career decision-making were found to have no significant impact. Additionally, while the initial status of career exploration showed a statistically significant influence on the initial status and rate of change of career decision-making, the paths between their change rates were not significant. Mediation analysis revealed that the initial status of career planning partially mediates the initial status of career decision-making through the initial status of career exploration, with no significant mediated effects observed in the rates of change. This suggests that the career decision-making of scholarship recipients reflects cognitive aspects of career development developed through career exploration processes and individual career planning. Therefore, to enhance the career planning of scholarship recipients, educational interventions such as career-related programs should focus on the growth and changes of scholarship recipients from a long-term perspective.
Prediction and Optimization of Mechanical Properties of HVOF Sprayed TiO2 Coatings Utilising Response Surface Methodology
Authors:   Government Polytechnic College, Bargur, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu -635104, India, Sathiyamoorthy R. , Thirumalaikumarasamy D. ,   Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram. Tamil Nadu – 608002, India., Pradeep Raj R. ,   Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram. Tamil Nadu – 608002, India.
Published: January 2025

The objective of this work is to optimise and estimate the porosity and hardness of HVOF-sprayed conventional TiO₂ coatings on magnesium alloys using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The coatings were created to improve surface qualities including wear and corrosion resistance, which are essential for extending the life of magnesium alloys in a variety of industrial applications. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimise important spray parameters such as oxygen flow rate, LPG flow rate, powder feed rate, and spray distance. The impact of these parameters on the porosity and hardness of TiO₂ coatings was thoroughly studied. Statistical models were created to correlate process variables with coating qualities, and the findings revealed a satisfactory fit between experimental and anticipated values. The results of the optimised conditions showed that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective predictive and optimisation technique for thermal spray operations, producing coatings with reduced porosity and increased hardness.
Safety Evaluation of Eggshell Powder Based on Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies
Authors: Fajriaty Inarah , Nani Nurbaeti Siti , Kurniawan Hadi , Nugraha Fajar , Tubagus Agus , Khalishah Hana , Nur Hidayat Kartika , Wahyuni Lestia
Published: January 2025

The chicken eggshell is specifically composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at a percentage of 98%, therefore providing an important component of dietary calcium for people of all ages.The present study was carried out to evaluate the safety of eggshell powder. Eggshell as a supplement material must be quality and safety standards through acute and subchronic toxicity testing. The toxicity test was based on the OECD 425 Up and Down method and OECD 407. Eggshell powder did not show any signs of poisoning, and there was no decrease in the bodyweight of the rats. LD50 value of Eggshell powder more than 5000mg/kgBW categorized as practically non-toxic based on the analysis using the AOT425 Pgm. stat. There was no effect of eggshells powder on the increase in body weight of male and female rats. The eggshell administration has not affected the hematological profile including MCH, MCHC, leucocytes, basophils, eosinophils, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets. The blood biochemical profile of eggshells gave normal results on the triglyceride, HDL, glucose, urea, SGOT, and SGPT profiles but increased the total cholesterol profile, LDL of female rats, and the creatinine profile of male rats in the control group, at doses of 400 and 1000mg/kgBW, and control satellite, as well as female creatinine profiles in the control satellite group. Microscopic observations of the heart showed hypertrophy in some female rats and reversible necrosis in some male rats. Microscopic histology observation of kidney organs showed glomerular atrophy in female and male rats. Changes in the kidney organs in the female and male dose groups were also reversible. The histology results show that there are no changes that occur in the lungs, and spleen organs of female and male rats. These investigations indicate that eggshells may be safe for human ingestion.
Virtual Screening Studies on Bone Healing Phytochemicals Isolated from Cissus quadrangularis (round variant) and Cissus rotundifolia
Authors: Ansarali Sabeerali , Alagu Lakshmanan Ganapathy Murugan , Manikandan Selvarasuvasuki , Rashid Shagufta
Published: January 2025

Bone fractures are a prevalent orthopaedic issue that many people experience. While the body can naturally repair a broken bone, the duration of the healing process can range from weeks to years, depending on the injury's severity and potential complications. Different techniques are used in the process of bone healing, including both experimental and computational modeling methods. Computational modeling and simulation have been used to address the limitations of experimental methods. This study focuses on screening and investigating bone healing compounds found in the leaves of Cissus rotundifolia and the stem of Cissus quadrangularis (round-stemmed variant) using molecular docking studies to identify potent compounds for bone healing treatment. GC-MS analysis revealed two active compounds: alpha-methylglucofuranoside and tetradecanoic acid. These compounds were tested against the bone healing protein ABMP2 (ID: 4MID) sourced from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and showed good docking scores and reasonable stability. In vivo and in-vitro approaches are recommended to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of these compounds and develop them into potent drugs for treating bone fractures. The present study clearly observed with the screened compounds could possibly develop into potent drugs for treating bone fractures.
Correlation between 25(OH)D Levels with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity
Authors: Soegiarto Gatot , Yuliasih Yuliasih , Fetarayani Deasy , Wachida Rizqi
Published: January 2025

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) manifests immune system dysregulation leading to tissue damage, and hypovitaminosis D is reported to be a contributing factor. Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator, actively contributing to the pathogenesis of SLE by maintaining antigen-presenting cell (APC) tolerance, inhibiting dendritic cell maturation, and exhibiting antimicrobial and antiapoptotic properties. Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between 25(OH)D serum levels and the activity of SLE in individuals diagnosed with SLE, assessed through the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) score. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational analytic study was conducted on 40 SLE subjects at Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital's Outpatient and Inpatient Installation in Surabaya. The disease activity was assessed using SLAM scores, and theArchitect brand instrument, employing chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), was utilized to measure 25(OH)D serum levels. Statistical analysis of the data involved the use of the Spearman correlation test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Result: The average age of the participants was 27.43 years with a standard deviation of 8.65 and a median SLAM score of 17.5 (range: 1-39). The mean 25(OH)D serum level was 21.69±2.72ng/mL, demonstrating a significant negative correlation with SLE activity (p<0.01; r = -0.671). Additionally, there was a negative correlation with C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.05; r = -0.414) and positive correlations with complement components C3 (p<0.01; r = 0.538) and C4 (p < 0.05; r = 0.356). Conclusion: The study establishes a substantial negative correlation between 25(OH)D serum levels and SLE activity, as assessed by the SLAM score.
Development and Comparative Analysis of Probiotic-Enhanced Aceclofenac Tablets for Colon-Specific Delivery in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Dubey Priyanka , Sahpuriya Prinsi , Yadav Savita , Kumar Gupta Ritesh , Deheriya Ritu , Chourasia Vivek , Kumar Yadav Sachin , Gupta Supriya , Parveen Neha
Published: January 2025

In this research, we developed a novel approach to formulate colon-specific matrix tablets containing Aceclofenac. Employing the wet granulation method, we integrated guar gum as the polymeric matrix and harnessed the potential of probiotics as targeting aids. Our investigation revealed a remarkable capability of this methodology to achieve colonic release of the drug, even in the absence of colonic microflora, while ensuring sustained drug release from the formulations. The outcomes underscore the promise of the probiotic-assisted procedure in yielding matrix tablets with exceptional release behavior, actively targeting drug delivery to the colon. Consequently, this innovative delivery system presents a unique and promising strategy for the treatment of stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal ailments. This research represents a significant advancement in pharmaceutical science, offering a distinctive approach to address targeted drug delivery challenges in gastrointestinal therapeutics.
Effect of Vigna aconitifolia (Moth Bean) Seed Extract In 7,12 Dimethyl Benz[A] Anthracene Dmba-Induced Breast Cancer in Rats
Authors: J. Dadel Aasiya , L. Ladda Padma , S. Naikwade Nilofar , Shikalgar Tabassum
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. The potential of various natural and dietary agents in reducing breast cancer risk is well recognized. Currently, chemotherapy serves as the primary treatment for breast cancer, yet its cytotoxic effects on normal cells and the development of drug resistance pose significant challenges. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop safer and more effective anticancer therapies. V. aconitifolia seeds are rich in phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, phytic acids, trypsin, and chemotrypsin inhibitors. The acetone extract of V. aconitifolia has been noted for its anticancer and antioxidant properties, with abundant trypsin inhibitors and vicilins contributing to these activities. Despite the high presence of anticancer phytoconstituents in its seeds, scientific evaluation of V. aconitifolia for its anticancer potential remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate V. aconitifolia as a potential anticancer agent.In this research, the anticancer efficacy of acetone extract from V. aconitifolia seeds was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Breast cancer was induced in Wistar rats through intragastric administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at 80 mg/kg body weight. Pretreatment with V. aconitifolia extract (200 mg/kg BW) demonstrated effectiveness against DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. Administration of V. aconitifolia normalized elevated SGOT and SGPT levels, and restored antioxidant levels to within normal limits. Additionally, body weight and hematological parameters of animals in the pretreatment group remained within normal ranges. Histopathological studies further confirmed the efficacy of V. aconitifolia against DMBA-induced ductal and invasive carcinoma. These findings collectively underscore the preventive potential of V. aconitifolia against DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in Wistar rats.
Endodontic management of a multi-rooted tooth as a foundation dentist
Authors: Arif Mahmud Ayla
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, caused by demineralization of hard tissue as a result of acids produced due to fermentation of carbohydrates. It is the most prevalent chronic disease globally, with a prevalence of 36% in the global adult population. Streptococcus mutans, an acidogenic bacterial species, is considered to be the predominant causal agent. If dental caries progresses into the pulp chamber of the tooth, direct pulp capping or root canal treatment (RCT) may be indicated. Root canal treatment is performed to manage infection caused by the ingress of bacteria. The aim of RCT is to reduce the bacterial load in the root canal system by chemo-mechanical debridement and the root canals are prepared to maximize irrigant penetration.

Case Report: This case report demonstrates structured evidence-based approach to management of a multi-rooted maxillary first molar (UR6) by a foundation dentist in a general practice setting. The patient presented with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis of the UR6 and opted for RCT of the tooth, followed by cuspal coverage with a metal onlay.

Conclusion: This case discusses the considerations and step-by-step management of endodontic treatment to achieve a successful outcome. It highlights the importance of understanding root canal anatomy and employing tools such as magnification and ultrasonics, in addition to maintaining clear communication with patients about their treatment options. Reflection on cases such as these aids professional growth and fosters an understanding of the decision-making process.
Tyranny of City Brain: How China Implements Artificial Intelligence to Upgrade its Repressive Surveillance Regime
Authors: Liyanage Chamila
Published: January 2025

Despite a growing body of research on Chinese mass artificial intelligence (AI) surveillance, there is hardly any study that analyzes its technological architecture and its exact implementation to advance authoritarianism at home and abroad. This article examines the use of AI within Chinese mass surveillance, focusing on its technological architecture, implementation, and impact. The article also explores how Chinese mass AI surveillance grows exponentially, creating its home ecosystem, the all-encompassing smart city, governed by City Brain. The study draws on evidence using in-depth qualitative analysis of key Chinese AI companies and their surveillance technologies verified through their primary research on AI. This evidence helps analyze the implementation of AI surveillance and its impact on civil liberties. The study argues that mass AI surveillance is a means, not an end, a part of a broader goal to create smart cities to forge a home ecosystem for next-generation smart authoritarianism. It is essential to understand Chinese AI surveillance, its implementation, and its impact, as this can be replicated anywhere in the world with China’s export of surveillance technologies. The study findings highlight a close relationship between Chinese AI and a quest to develop precision authoritarianism to crush freedom and exert precision social control that can be exported worldwide.
Considering the Assumptions of the Technocentric Model of Democratic Flourishing and Decay
Authors: Livingston Steven , Miller Michael
Published: January 2025

A common explanation of democratic backsliding relies on methods and models adopted from social psychology and cognitive science. According to this model, individuals are radicalized by algorithmically amplified social media content that exacerbates cognitive bias. Following a critical evaluation of this model, we present an alternative organizational-level explanatory framework, one that considers the effects of civil society organizations on political parties, especially conservative parties. In some of the literature, civil society organizations are regarded as a potential threat to the stability of liberal democracy.  Bennett and Segerberg’s connective action model suggest that under certain conditions routinized online communication—such as hashtags, subreddits, and Facebook groups—constitute an organization. This is communication as organization. If conventional party-aligned surrogate organizations threaten the cohesion and stability of democracy, then digitally constituted organizations like #QAnon or #StoptheSteal are even more corrosive to party ideological boundaries and democratic stability. This article is adapted from the concluding chapter of our forthcoming work, Connective Action and the Rise of the Far-Right: Platforms, Politics, and the Crisis of Democracy.
Dark Shadows under the Ivory Tower: An Approach to Elon Musk's Ideology
Authors: Cuenca Arsenio , Caro Jaime
Published: January 2025

Though he is primarily renowned for his technological ventures, Elon Musk’s ideological turn has not gone unnoticed. He advocates a society based on the rule of an entrepreneurial tech-elite. A former progressive techno-libertarian, Musk is radicalizing, undergoing a similar illiberal phase as many political actors today. This ideological maturation is possible due to the patterns shared between Silicon Valley’s neoliberal techno-solutionism and illiberalism. At the origin of this transition reside both the crisis of meaning provoked by neoliberalism and the re-politicization of elites’ ideological discourse as an answer. To his techno-solutionism, Musk has paired a subset of futurist ideologies asserting that only a group of select individuals can together see far enough into the future of society to guarantee the survival and well-being of humans. Put into practice, this logic aligns with Musk’s commercial interests, neglecting major challenges facing humanity like climate change. This vision has a geopolitical dimension too, which has made him sometimes take sides with illiberal governments. This paper delves into Musk’s ideology, resorting to political discourse analysis methods, focusing on his ideological imprint as seen in different contexts or online, to explain the implications of it and his radicalization.
Mutis por el foro de Carlos José Reyes
Authors: Yepes Londoño Mario Alberto
Published: January 2025

Editor's Note - This obituary for the death of Carlos José Reyes was originally published in El Espectador on September 25, 2024. It is published in the Revista de Estudios Colombianos with the express permission of its author and the newspaper.
Doble filo, Vida profunda y Círculo de resonancias
Authors: Mejía Suárez Carlos Mario
Published: January 2025

Esta reseña introduce la obra reciente de la autora Clara Eugenia Ronderos. Se concentra en los poemarios Vida profunda y Círculo de resonancias, y en la colección de cuentos Doble filo. Se rastrea particularmente la lógica desde la cual se reúnen los diferentes textos en cada volumen: la relación amenazante con la muerte y la realidad en los cuentos de Doble filo, el acto de conocerse desde el pasado y rompiendo la prisión del "yo" para llegar a los otros y al mundo en Vida profunda, y la construcción del "yo" lírico femenino a partir de una problemática herencia patriarcal, atravesando la presencia silenciada de lo materno y lo femenino en esa herencia, así como la función de la escritura en ese recorrido para llegar a la conformación del Círculo de resonancias donde la voz se hermana con la de otras mujeres. La reseña además relaciona brevemente los temas contemporáneos que atraviesan las obras, así como las contribuciones estéticas de esta obra a la literatura colombiana actual.
Antonieta de muchos nombres
Authors: Bustos Diego
Published: January 2025

Reseña de la novela Antonieta de muchos nombres de Carlos Mario Mejía Suárez.
Reterritorializing the Spaces of Violence in Colombia
Authors: Fuentes Bibiana
Published: January 2025

Reterritorializing the Spaces of Violence in Colombia (2024) de Constanza López Baquero resalta de manera crítica el trabajo de una variedad de individuos y colectivos sociales que han asumido la tarea de transformar sus territorios de espacios marginalizados y violentos a comunidades empoderadas, mediante procesos que involucran expresiones artísticas, actividades agrícolas y prácticas cotidianas. Siguiendo los preceptos del feminismo comunitario y una ética del cuidado, este libro es el resultado de un proceso de escucha activa que se sensibiliza frente al dolor de las víctimas de la violencia política, reconoce la legitimidad de su lucha y celebra la transformación de las comunidades.
Nation as a Choice
Authors: Sverdiolas Arūnas
Published: January 2025

The paper examines Ernest Renan’s notion of the nation as an everyday plebiscite which draws on the post-Enlightenment idea of rational and free persons who make a social contract. A person as such does not belong to anything, but decides to belong to a nation and belongs to it on the grounds of a resolve made by will and (or) passion. Renan articulates a nation’s resolve to be by metaphoric juxtaposition with an existential resolve of a person, with the Nietzschean world of ja-sagen. Both these decisions cover all the three dimensions of the existential time: past, present, and future. Radicalising Renan’s thought, decisions must be understood as not only of the present, but also as of the present in the past and of the present in the future. The paper complicates this resolve by confronting Renan’s ideas with the problematics of the “difficult heritage”, guilt, and responsibility. These issues are elaborated in the field of the dramatic and tragic history of Lithuania: the fate of the Lithuanian diaspora, Holocaust, the annexation of the Klaipėda region, collaboration with the Nazi and Soviet regimes. Pushed in this way, Renan’s notions turn out especially relevant to current debates.