bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between cognitive ability and field of study
Authors: Deldoost Mostafa H , Mohammadzadeh Parviz , Akbari Akram , Saeedi Mohammad Taghi
Published: April 2019

The present study was conducted to investigate the existence of any possible relationship between the cognitive reflection test (CRT), numeracy and academic majors. The statistical population of this study consisted of 117 freshmen studying under the faculties selected from the University of Tabriz. The generalised structural equation modelling technique was employed for data analysis. The research results indicated that CRT and numeracy had positive and significant effects on high school and university program selection. According to the research model and the higher CRT scores of engineering and medicine (two popular majors) than that of other majors, it appears that individuals with higher CRT and numeracy scores are more inclined to get accepted into these programs. Moreover, the relationship between CRT and numeracy was positive and significant, where CRT acted as the cause and numeracy as the effect. However, the reverse need not necessarily be true.

Keywords: Cognitive reflection, numeracy skill, academic majors, relationship.
Comparing the training effects of problem-solving and coping skills with stress
Authors: Abdi Mansour , Sharyati Atefeh
Published: April 2019

This research compares the effect of problem-solving and stress management skills by two methods, tradition and workshop, in reducing tendency to addiction on male studentsin the academic years 91â€“92. The research population included all male students in the College of literature, Science and humanities in Arak University, in which, 30 students were selected by available sampling method. The students were placed in two groups with random selection. The first group were trained by the traditional method of problem-solving and stress management skills, and the second group were trained each skills with workshop method. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that training problem solving and stress management skills using both traditional and workshop method have been effective in reducing the tendency to addiction. Providing training on the problem-solving and stress management skills can enable individuals behave effectively, and thus, as a coping strategy, prevent them from tendency to addiction.

 

Keywords: Problem-solving skills, traditional training methods, tendency to addiction.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Bozkurt Tulay
Published: April 2019

Dear Readers,

Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues Volume 9, Issue 1, (2019) . It is a great honor for us to publish ninth volume, first issue of Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues (GJPR). Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on psychological issues and related disciplines. The mission of the journal is to publish articles of professional interest for members of psychology. The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to; the following major areas of psychology science including clinical psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, experimental psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, traffic psychology, forensic psychology, psychometric psychology, sports psychology, health psychology, educational psychology, media psychology and neuroscience psychology.

A total number of seventeen (17) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of three (3) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.

Aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the results of their academic studies. There are different research topics discussed in the articles.

We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

Best regards,

Prof. Dr. Tulay Bozkurt Editor â€“ in Chief
Analisis Kandungan Timbal dalam Beberapa Sediaan Kosmetik yang Beredar di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Yugatama Adi
Published: April 2019

Penggunaan sediaan kosmetik di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Beberapa sediaan kosmetika yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat adalah eye-liner pencil, bedak, dan lipstik. Sediaan kosmetik dapat dikatakan aman apabila memenuhi jumlah maksimum kadar timbal yang sesuai dengan persyaratan yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar logam timbal dalam sediaan kosmestik eye-liner pencil, bedak, dan lipstik yang beredar di Kota Surakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di berbagai tempat di kota Surakarta dengan metode purposive sampling. Preparasi sampel dilakukan dengan metode destruksi basah dengan campuran larutan asam HNO3 dan HCl (1:3). Sampel dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom (SSA) dan diperoleh nilai absorbansinya dan dimasukkan ke dalam kurva kalibrasi sehingga dapat dihitung kadar timbal dalam sampel. Hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa kadar timbal terbesar terdapat pada sediaan lipstik yaitu sebesar 23,1683 ± 0,1225 mg/kg dan kadar timbal terendah terdapat pada sediaan bedak yaitu sebesar 0,6001 ± 0,0092 mg/kg. Semua sediaan eye-liner pencil, bedak, dan lipstik yang beredar di Kota Surakarta telah memenuhi persyaratan batas maksimum kandungan timbal yang dipersyaratkan oleh BPOM, kecuali dua sampel lipstik yang tidak teregistrasi BPOM.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT PEER FEEDBACK TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ WRITING PERFORMANCE SUJITO (CORRESPONDING AUTHOR)
Authors: Yunita Emilia , Sujito Sujito
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT This study intended to investigate if there was any significant difference between students’ writing performance who were treated using direct peer feedback and students writing performance who were treated using conventional method. The samples were X TKJ1 and X TKJ2 at SMK Mahardika Karangploso in the 2015/2016 academic year. In this study, the researcher used quasi-experimental research design to gain the data. The researcher implemented direct peer feedback in experimental group and conventional method in control group. Writing test as an instrument was used to collect the data. The research was conducted by the researcher for six meetings. Independent sample t-test was used to examine the data, the result showed that the mean score of experimental group was bigger than control group (82.17 > 71.38). Moreover, the sig.2-tailed value was less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). It meant that there was significant differences between students’ writing performance who were treated using direct peer feedback and students’ writing performance who were treated using conventional method.

Keyword: performance, peer feedback,
Epidemiological Study of Kawasan Waterfalls
Authors: Mustacisa Marife Matic , Bodiongan Clyde , Montes Vanesa , Morial Weneliza , Ramirez Iris April , Tabotabo Marchee
Published: April 2019

A place with clean water is worth living for, however, if it runs counter to the usual, it corollary results in some diseases. This epidemiological study does not intend to give a false image on the Kawasan Waterfalls of Badian Cebu, Philippines rather, it aids to provide awareness among tourists to at least minimize anthropological activities that could contribute to water pollutants which cause an increased amount of heavy metals present in the water. With the collection of analyte and lab testing for the presence of cadmium, lead, and mercury in the aforementioned research environment, it was found that the water will not pose any health hazard to anyone in and around the river falls and even to any tourist in the place who wants to plunge into its azure water as far as cadmium and lead concentration is concerned. However, the mean concentration of mercury on the water projected a value, which is beyond the permissible concentrations and therefore may harm anyone in the community. Thus, it is recommended to strengthen measures to prevent and to control the release of these substances into the natural water. Shower facilities should be provided in the place and swimmers should wash first before plunging into the river. As part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of mercury to potentially exposed individuals on the place. It is also suggested to conduct further concentration analysis of other metals present in the said water falls.
Uniwersalizm postanowień Europejskiego Filaru Praw Socjalnych w zakresie sprawiedliwych warunków pracy - realny kierunek zmian czy fantasmagoria? Zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Florczak Izabela , Otto Marta
Published: April 2019

Europejski Filar Praw Socjalnych koncentruje szereg swoich regulacji wokół uczciwychwarunków zatrudnienia. Dotychczasowy dorobek prawodawstwa unijnego gwarantowałwiele praw w tym zakresie, nie wydaje się jednak, aby ich realizacja była wystarczająca.W świetle powyższego zasadne staje się zidentyfikowanie wyzwań stojących przedprawodawcą unijnym jak i krajowym w kontekście zabezpieczenia stosownego poziomuuczciwych warunków zatrudnienia.
The Application of Aqueous Two-phase System in the Extraction of Natural Products from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Review
Authors: Xiang Cheng , Chang Jie , Yue Ying Ying , Wang Ju , Fu Yan
Published: April 2019

Background:

In the past decades, Chinese herbal medicine has attracted
worldwide attention because they contain a variety of active ingredients which are beneficial
to human health. As a result, there is a growing interest in the extraction of these substances.
However, traditional extraction methods not only need a large amount of extractant,
but are also time-consuming, moreover, the extraction efficiency is extremely poor
and tedious purification steps are required to purify the crude extract. Thus, researchers
hope to find an alternative method for the extraction of these components and the aqueous
two-phase system (ATPS) seems to be one.

Objective:

This review focuses on introducing the properties of the aqueous two-phase
system and summarizing the application of ATPS in the extraction of natural products.
Meanwhile, this review also provided a guideline to researchers who wish to design a suitable ATPS for a specific
target and how to amplify it to industrial-scale.
Aptasensing Ampicillin on Silica Substrate Gapped by Interdigitated Aluminium Electrode
Authors: Paraja Syazwan , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Md Arshad M.K.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Ampicillin has been widely used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment
and prevention of human diseases with a low-toxicity. Ampicillin plays an important role in
therapeutics, however, there might be some synthetically prepared compounds for the applications in
agriculture, animals and even humans that eventually have resulted in major health issues.

Objective:

This research demonstrates the approach to improve the specific in vitro detection of ampicillin
using titanium dioxide nanoparticle-based interdigitated device electrode.

Methods:

The fabrication of biosensor was performed using the conventional photolithography integrated
process of an inductively-coupled plasma dry-etching. Surface modifications were applied on a
50 µm gapped interdigitated comb-like titanium dioxide nanoparticle modified electrode surface using
0.02 M of 3-Aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, which was diluted in 75% ethanol. A Schiff-base reaction
using glutaraldehyde was followed to covalently immobilize streptavidin followed by a non-covalent
immobilization of biotinylated-aptamer DNA probe (1 µM), having a sequence of 5’-
CACGGCATGGTGGGCGTCGTG–biotin-3’.

Results:

These surface modifications with multiple self-assembling monolayers afford the additional
control for stability. The immobilized aptamer DNA probe was interacted with the target, ampicillin at 10
mg/ml, resulting in the current field changes across the device. I-V relationship interpreted the selective
binding of ampicillin and distinguished kanamycin from carbenicillin. Our sensing system was able to
detect ampicillin in a linear range of 0.1 ng until 10 mg/ml with the limit of detection at 0.1 ng/ml.

Conclusion:

This sensing platform aimed to evaluate the purity of ampicillin, a promising beneficial
approach towards the pharmaceutical industries.
Weighted Multipath Energy-Aware Clustered Stable Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Mohindra Anubhuti , Gandhi Charu
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective:

Mobile ad hoc networks are defined as highly dynamic, leading
to frequent disconnections and changing topologies. The energy and stability of power limited nodes
needs to be managed while designing the protocol & clustering helps in reducing the problem of
network congestion due to information overhead in large sized networks. Multipath routing helps in
balancing the load and node failures in a dynamic environment thereby helping to solve the problem
of congestion. This paper proposes a new multipath, energy-aware and stable routing protocol –
Weighted Multipath Energy-aware Clustered Stable routing protocol (WMECS).

Methods:

It uses weighted approach in clustered mobile adhoc networks. In this, both cluster head as
well as path selection is done using an optimal energy and mobility model. This helps in attaining
stable and energy efficient network with prolonged lifetime. The energy model considers energy metrics
like transmission power, drain rate and power load that helps in constructing a network with
lower energy consumption. We have also considered Gauss-Markov Mobility Model to handle the
mobility of nodes and attain a stable network with less re-clustering and re-affiliations by choosing
low relative mobility nodes in every cluster. Multipath selection is done based on a weighted metric
that considers energy and mobility coefficients whereas Optimal Paths are selected on the basis of
lower weight.

Results:

Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better performance when compared
with other related protocols in terms of Energy Consumption, Network Lifetime and end to end delay.
Test Case Prioritization Based on Early Fault Detection Technique
Authors: Yadav Dharmveer K. , Dutta Sandip
Published: April 2019

Background:

In Regression testing when any changes made to already tested program it should not
affect to other part of program. When some part of code is modified then it is necessary to validate the modified
code. In the life cycle of software development, regression testing is an important and expensive activity.

Objective:

Our objective is to save regression testing time by reducing the cost and time of retesting of the
modified code as well as affected components of the program. Objective is to prioritize the test case for object
oriented program based on early fault detection.

Methods:

A new model is proposed using fuzzy inference system for regression testing. This paper presents a
fuzzy inference system based on the use of inputs like fault detection rate, execution time and requirement coverage.
The proposed system allows tester to prioritize test case based on linguistic rules.

Results:

In this paper performance is measured by using Average Percentage Fault Detection metric. We analysed
for both prioritized and non-prioritized test suite using average percentage fault detection metric.

Conclusion:

We developed fuzzy expert model which helps to takes better decision than other expert system
for regression testing. We conclude that, prioritization of test case will decrease the regression testing time.
Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC) for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Poluru Ravi Kumar , Reddy M. Praveen Kumar , Basha Syed Muzamil , Patan Rizwan , Kallam Suresh
Published: April 2019

Background:

Recently Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a composed of a full number of arbitrarily dispensed energy-constrained sensor nodes. The sensor nodes help in sensing the data and then it will transmit it to sink. The Base station will produce a significant amount of energy while accessing the sensing data and transmitting data. High energy is required to move towards base station when sensing and transmitting data. WSN possesses significant challenges like saving energy and extending network lifetime. In WSN the most research goals in routing protocols such as robustness, energy efficiency, high reliability, network lifetime, fault tolerance, deployment of nodes and latency. Most of the routing protocols are based upon clustering has been proposed using heterogeneity. For optimizing energy consumption in WSN, a vital technique referred to as clustering.

Methods:

To improve the lifetime of network and stability we have proposed an Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC).

Results:

In simulation results describes the protocol performs better regarding network lifetime and packet delivery capacity compared to EEDEC and DEEC algorithm. Stability period and network lifetime are improved in EADEEC compare to DEEC and EDEEC.

Conclusion:

The EADEEC is overall Lifetime of a cluster is improved to perform the network operation: Data transfer, Node Lifetime and stability period of the cluster. EADEEC protocol evidently tells that it improved the throughput, extended the lifetime of network, longevity, and stability compared with DEEC and EDEEC.
Withdrawn: Fingerprint Analysis of Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum Indicum L. by HPLC Combined with Chemometrics Methods
Authors: Duan Xuewei , Zhang Xinyi , Chen Lei , Zheng Fang , Lu Xiaofang , Zhou Jingqi , Zhang Peifeng , Tian Wei
Published: April 2019

Bentham Science has decided to withdraw this article from the journal in accordance with BSP Editorial Policies and apologizes
to its readers for any inconvenience this may cause.

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
The Effectiveness of Environmental Interpretation in Influencing Visitors’ Knowledge in Kinabalu Park
Authors: Ching Goh Hong , Wan Mohamad Ariffin Wan Nur Syazana
Published: April 2019

Protected areas are established for conservation of unique and pristine environment. Although protected, they are subjected to possible environmental and social impacts due to increasing tourism activities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinabalu Park's environmental interpretation in mitigating these impacts through the assessment of visitors’ knowledge. Visitors' knowledge was compared between those who were exposed (post-visit) and not exposed to the interpretive programs (pre-visit). Overall, environmental interpretation in Kinabalu Park is partially successful in influencing visitors' knowledge related to general facts as post-vist samples indicated higher level of knowledge. However, there were no differences in their knowledge related to scientific aspect.

Keywords: environmental interpretation; knowledge; protected areas; repeat visitors

eISSN 2514-751X © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v4i13.344
The Empowerment of Social Capital in the Malay Traditional Settelement
Authors: Hassan Nur Adilah , Harun Nor Zalina , Tambi Noordeyana
Published: April 2019

Good social capital development allows for discussions to explore what makes a self-sustaining settlement by the locals. This kind of discussion includes the opportunity to speak out and to be part of a development process that is involved in the local settlement. However, many issues have been identified towards making sustainable community developments a success, especially in settlements with high heritage values. This paper seeks to devise solutions to issues identified with regard to development occurred in Kuala Terengganu. Knowledge of these issues may provide a useful guide for future social capital developments in a place with high heritage values.
What are Users' Perceptions of the Hospital Courtyard Garden and How Satisfied are they with it?
Authors: Mat Idris Madihah , Sibley Magda
Published: April 2019

Since the 1970s, courtyard gardens with diverse scales and design configurations have been introduced in the planning of Malaysian public hospitals to enhance users' experiences. However, these have never been systematically evaluated to understand of how they perform and what improvements can be made to them to increase their responsiveness to users' needs and inform the practice of both hospital designers and managers. This paper presents the results of fieldwork conducted in a large central courtyard in a Malaysian public hospital. Interview surveys and field measurements were conducted to provide a new understanding of users' perceptions of the various physical and environmental attributes and their satisfaction levels with them.
Cataract Surgery Barrier Model: A framework for intervention of cataract blindness in Malaysia
Authors: Mutalib Abdul , Mat Zin Nurulain , Shahir Ahmad , Hassan Asma
Published: April 2019

Surgery can easily cure and prevent blindness due to cataract. However, cataract still poses a major public health problem as the single most common cause of global blindness. Identifying the barriers to access cataract surgery is essential to effectively address this problem. By utilising the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach in this study, we identified barriers at the personal, primary care and specialist care level. Based on these findings, a model is designed to better understand and improve the strategy to address the barriers to improve the uptake of cataract surgery in order to prevent cataract blindness in Malaysia.
Childhood Weight Management for School Health Nurses and School Children in Malaysia: A conceptual framework
Authors: Said Norimah , Md Nor Norazmir , Buhari Siti Sabariah , Ahmad Sharoni Siti Khuzaimah
Published: April 2019

In developing an effective Chidhood weight management, it needs to be based on a theory. The Social Cognitive theory (SCT) and Urie Bronfenbrenner model with integrated Kolb's model of Learning Styles and Experiential Learning is used in this study to modify and make changes to the personal factor influences such as knowledge, attitude and expectations, behavior modification and environmental influences among overweight and obese school children. The aim of this study is to provide a new model for the professional development role of the nurses in the School Health Program (SHP) and health education promotion towards obese school children to improve their quality of life. Furthermore, in this study SHP and future health education and promotion are integrated with the role of SHN to facilitate the effective management of childhood obesity.
Illness Perception in Different Clinical Categories of Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Razali Salmi , Ismail Zaliha , Abdullah Najib , M Nawawi Hapizah
Published: April 2019

Understanding illness perception is crucial to ensure healthy lifestyles. However, it has been poorly explained to inform effective lifestyle modification of patients with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) Therefore, we described the illness perception of different clinical categories of FH patients (using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Criteria (DLCC) and investigate its association with sociodemographic and illness-related factors. Illness perception of FH patients varies according to the level of education and the presence of CVD. Patients with 'definite' FH have the highest emotional disturbances. These findings may help clinicians to improve the interventions suitable for FH patients.
Is there a Link between Physical, Cognitive and Fear of Falls among Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Azizan Azliyana , Anum Asilah , Alias Amiera
Published: April 2019

Imbalance and general weakness are amongst the most common impairments in the elderly and put them at a significantly higher risk of falling. Therefore, this study aims to compare the physical and cognitive functions towards fear of falls among 80 community-dwelling elders with and without diabetes mellitus. The results revealed that there was a decline in cognitive functions, reduced in physical function and high risk of falls among the elderly with diabetes. In conclusion, balance and resistance training need to be included in the daily exercise regime to reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, especially those with diabetes.
Optional Web-Based Videoconferencing Added to Office-Based Care for Women Receiving Psychotherapy During the Postpartum Period: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Rebecca , Vigod Simone N , Hensel Jennifer M
Published: April 2019

Background

Depression and anxiety during the postpartum period are common, with psychotherapy often being the preferred method of treatment. However, psychological, physical, and social barriers prevent women from receiving appropriate and timely psychotherapy. The option of receiving psychotherapy through videoconferencing (VC) during the postpartum period presents an opportunity for more accessible and flexible care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of optional VC added to usual office-based psychotherapy, with a psychotherapist during the postpartum period.

Methods

We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial with 1:1 randomization to office-based care (treatment as usual; TAU) or office-based care with the option of VC (treatment as usual plus videoconferencing; TAU-VC) for psychotherapy during the postpartum period. We assessed the ability to recruit and retain postpartum women into the study from an urban perinatal mental health program offering postpartum psychotherapy, and we evaluated the uptake, acceptability, and satisfaction with VC as an addition to in-person psychotherapy. We also compared therapy attendance using therapist logs and symptoms between treatment groups. Symptoms were assessed at baseline and 3 months postrandomization with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, and Parental Stress Scale. Furthermore, 3-month scores were compared between groups with intention-to-treat linear mixed-effects models controlling for baseline score.

Results

We enrolled 38 participants into the study, with 19 participants in each treatment group. Attendance data were available for all participants, with follow-up symptom measures available for 25 out of 38 participants (66%). Among the 19 TAU-VC participants, 14 participants (74%) utilized VC at least once. Most participants were highly satisfied with the VC option, and they reported average savings of Can $26 and 2.5 hours in travel and childcare expenses and time per appointment. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups for psychotherapy attendance or symptoms.

Conclusions

The option of VC appears to be an acceptable method of receiving psychotherapy for postpartum women, with benefits described in costs and time savings. On the basis of this small pilot sample, there were no significant differences in outcomes between office-based care with or without the option of VC. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of such a program in an urban center, which suggests that a larger study would be beneficial to provide evidence that is more conclusive.
Your Patient Has a New Health App? Start With Its Data Source (Preprint)
Authors: Morse Keith E , Schremp Jonathan , Pageler Natalie M , Palma Jonathan P
Published: April 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Recent regulatory and technological advances have enabled a new era of health apps that are controlled by patients and contain valuable health information. These health apps will be numerous and use novel interfaces that appeal to patients but will likely be unfamiliar to practitioners. We posit that understanding the origin of the health data is the most meaningful and versatile way for physicians to understand and effectively use these apps in patient care. This will allow providers to better support patients and encourage patient engagement in their own care.
Comparative study on prophylactic antibiotic versus empirical antibiotic in prevention of surgical site infection
Authors: Rajarajan S , Sreelekshmi Devi T.H. , Simon Neeshma Mariam , Navin Shankar K.R. , Ganesan V.
Published: April 2019

The main aim of the study was to comparative study of single dose prophylactic antibiotic versus empirical postoperative antibiotics in prevention of surgical site infection. The study was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 8months. A total of 100 number of surgery cases were selected randomly, to groups of 50 each. The study group received a single dose of antibiotic preoperatively while the control group received 3 to 5 days of empirical antibiotic therapy. Data analysis and statistical analysis was done with the help of graph pad prism trial version software. Student t test was carried out for paired analysis to find P value. There was no significant association of surgical site infection, grades of infection, and other complications. The hospital stay of patients, cost to the patients, and number of antibiotics used in patients were significantly more. The single dose prophylactic antibiotics are better than empirical post operative therapy in reducing the hospital stay and hospital cost to patients. Since the complete eradication of surgical site infection is not possible, only the reduction in infection rate can be achieved to a minimal level.

Keywords: Prophylactic antibiotics, surgical site infection, surgical complications, post operative antibiotics.
Effect of garlic extract on mortality and biochemical parameters of fresh water fishes Heteropneustes fossilis against Cypermethrin
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Zahra Kaneez
Published: April 2019

To find out the effect of garlic extract (GE) on mortality different concentrations of GE (1ml/l, 2ml/l, 5ml/l & 10ml/l) were administered along with the LC50 values of cypermethrin after 24, 48, 72 & 96 h exposures and 10 ml/l of GE was found to be effective at which no mortality occurred. To analyze the effect of GE on biochemical parameters after acute exposure of cypermethrin, fishes were divided into 4 groups of 10 fishes each. Ist group served as control, IInd, IIIrd and IVth group were treated with toxicant (24h LC50), GE (10ml/l) and toxicant + GE respectively. Same protocol was employed using 48-96 h LC50 values & 10ml/l GE. For chronic toxicity experiments fishes were divided into 4 groups of 10 fishes each. Ist group taken as control, IInd group contained 1/10th of 96 h LC50 of CYP, IIIrd group contained 10ml/l GE and in IVth group GE (10ml/l) + CYP (1/10th of 96 h LC50) for 15 days. Experiments were also carried out after 30 and 45 days exposure by same protocol. After acute and chronic exposure periods blood samples were collected, centrifuged and serum was separated to analyze biochemical parameters. Increased level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, ACP, Creatinine, and Blood Glucose were observed during both acute and chronic exposure. Activity of Total protein was found to be decreased following acute and chronic exposure. Level of Uric acid increased in acute exposure but decreased during chronic exposure. However, garlic extract supplementation showed a remarkable reduction to these changes and all the parameters tends to become normalize. Our data indicate that garlic is a powerful antioxidant against cypermethrin induced toxicity.

Keywords: Cypermethrin, Garlic extract, Heteropneustus fossilis, LC50.
Review on Bioactive and Antioxidant Potential of Coloured Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Patel Sarvesh , Chaubey Manoj Kumar , Das Ishwar , Pandey V. N.
Published: April 2019

The colour of fruits and vegetables represent a lot about their nutritional value. These nutritional values are due to presence of bioactive substances like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Among natural dietary supplements, fruits and vegetables, in spite of low in calorific value, play very important role in human diet as a major source of biologically active compounds. Now a days, fruits and vegetables are gaining popularity and new ways of using as nutraceutical, antioxidants and medicines for treating diabetes, atherosclerosis, mastitis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, foot and mouth disease, gastric disorders, night blindness, skin allergies, hypersensitivity reaction, food poisoning, retention of placenta etc. The medicinal benefits are suitable for both the human as well as animals, being cost economic without side effect. The North Eastern Terai region of Uttar Pradesh harbors green lush vegetation having coloured fruits and vegetables. Till date 25 fruits and 21 vegetables plants are reported, which have enormous biological power and potential of nutraceutically active biomolecules. Therefore, the present study has undertaken to ascertain the possibilities of nutraceutical potential of coloured fruits and vegetables.

Keywords; Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Phytochemicals, Bioactive molecule.
Floating Oral In-Situ Gel: A Review
Authors: Bashir Rabiah , Majeed Asmat , Ali Tabasum , Farooq Saeema , Khan Nisar Ahmad
Published: April 2019

The drugs having a narrow absorption window in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) when administered by oral route are often limited by poor bioavailability due to incomplete drug release and short residence time at the site of absorption. Novel drug delivery systems in the form of gastroretentive systems such as floating systems, mucoadhesive, high-density, expandable have been developed as they provide controlled delivery of drugs with prolonged gastric residence time. Liquid orals are more prone to low bioavailability because they are eliminated quickly from the stomach since they are subjected to faster transit from the stomach/ duodenum. The problems of immediate release and short gastrointestinal residence of liquids are eliminated by formulating as oral in situ gels as they provide the best means to overcome these problems The in situ gel dosage form is a liquid before administration and after it comes in contact with gastric contents due to one or more mechanisms gets converted to gel which floats on gastric contents. This achieves increased residence as well as sustained release. This approach is useful for systemic as well as local effect of drugs administered. This review gives a brief idea about floating oral in-situ gel formation and research done by various scientists on a number of drugs and polymers.

Keywords: Floating drug delivery, gastric retention time, In-situ gel.
Analytical method development and validation of assay test of pravastatin sodium tablets
Authors: Shinde Ashvini C , Devhadrao Nitin V , Bansode Ashwini S , Bansode Ajit S
Published: April 2019

A simple, accurate, precise and stability indicating Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of pravastatin sodium in tablet dosage form. The separation was carried on Acquity UPLC ® HSS C18, 2.1 × 100mm, 1.8µm ID column, with mobile phase comprising of mixture of pH 5.5 buffer: methanol in the ratio of 30 : 70 v/v, as the mobile phase at a flow rate  0.2 ml/min and the detection was carried out using UV-visible detector at 238nm. The method was validated by evaluation of different parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, filter equivalency, solution stability. The retention time were found to be 1.5 min. Calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficient (r2) 0.999. The Percent assay of Pravastatin sodium tablet was found to be 98.4%. The developed methods were validated as per the ICH guidelines.

Keywords: Pravastatin sodium (PVS), UPLC, Method Validation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Lisinoprel
Authors: Manjula B. , Divyasri V. , Shravya Ch. , Yadav Ch.Maniteja , Soujanya Ch.
Published: April 2019

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The traditional medicine and phytoconstituents from natural products for liver disease: A review
Authors: Ali Tabasum , Shah Zahida , Bashir Rabiah , Bader G.N.
Published: April 2019

To combat a variety of liver ailments medicinal plants may serve as a vital source because of presence of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. It is very interesting to note that there is no drug available in the modem system of medicine for treating hepatic disorders; only certain herbal preparations are available to treat this quite vulnerable disease. A large number of plants with hepatoprotective activity are present but only handful of herbs have such scientific support. Herbal medicines have been used to alleviate liver disorders for many centuries and have currently become a favorable therapy for pathological liver disease.

Keywords: Liver disease, Herb, Hepatoprotective activity
A review on phytochemical and ethnopharmacological studies of Ajuga Bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth.
Authors: Ali Tabasum , Shah Zahida , Bashir Rabiah
Published: April 2019

Herbal medicines as the major remedy in traditional system of medicine have been used in medical practices since antiquity. The plants of genus Ajuga are evergreen, clump-forming rhizomatous perennial or annual herbaceous flowering species, with Ajuga being one of the 266 genera of the family Lamiaceae. There are at least 301 species of the genus Ajuga with many variations. Ajugabracteosa Wall. ex Benth (A. bracteosa) is an important medicinal plant of Himalaya regions. Medicinal potential is due to presence of of various pharmacologically active compounds such as neo-clerodane diterpenoids, flavonol glycosides, iridoid glycosides, ergosterol-5,8- endoperoxide and phytoecdysones. The aim of this review article was to gather information about A. bracteosa which is currently scattered in form of various publications. This review article tried to attract the attention from people for therapeutic potential of A. bracteosa. The present review comprises upto date information of,traditional uses, botanical aspects, active ingredients and pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic activity, antiarthritic activity, antioxidant activity . A large variety of compounds have so far been isolated from Ajuga bracteosa.

Keywords:  Ajuga bracteosa, Herbal medicines, pharmacological activities.
Formulation by Design (FbD) approach to develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for the aptness of nose to brain delivery
Authors: Sarma Anupam , Das Malay K.
Published: April 2019

The objective of the present investigation was to optimize and develop Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) loaded Nanostrucrured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) with Compritol 888 ATO as solid lipid and oleic acid as liquid lipid by modified emulsion solvent diffusion method using Central Composite design (CCD). Three independent variables viz., Lipid to Drug ratio (A), Aqueous phase pH (B) and Sonication time (min) (C) were taken to investigate their effect on dependent variables viz., particle size (nm) (R1), PDI (R2) and % Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) (R3). Optimized formula of NLC was selected from the design space which was further optimized by changing the surfactants quantity. NLCs were evaluated for physicochemical, morphological, solid state characterization, and in-vitro dissolution in PBS pH 6.4, PBS 7.4 and ACSF. The average particle size was found to be 94.7 ± 15.70 nm with PDI of 0.380 ± 0.024 and 134.3 ± 9.71 nm with PDI of 0.358 ± 0.038 respectively for T4 and T5 NLC formulation. The zeta potential value of -17. ± 3.87 mV and -17.17 ± 1.05 mV and %EE of 35.5 ± 1.04 % and 34.2 ± 2.78 %. Overall, the above finding shows promising results in the area of developing non-invasive intranasal route as an alternative to oral route for brain delivery. 

Keywords: Central composite design, Intranasal, Neuro-AIDS, CNS targeting.
Evaluation of Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant Activity of Senna occidentalis Seeds Extracts
Authors: Singh Vijay Vikram , Jain Jainendra , Mishra Arun Kumar
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of present work was to determine the anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity of Senna occidentalis L. ethanolic seed extract by different mod­els. Methods: For evaluation of anticonvulsant activity, Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure model and Maximal electroshock (MES) seizure model were used. For antioxidant activity, (1, 1-diphenyl - 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) method were used. Results: The finding suggested that the ethanolic extract (EAE) of Senna occidentalis in the dose 400 mg/kg body weight posses potent anticonvulsant activity. The EAE showed anticonvulsant action in dose dependent fashion. It was observed that upon increasing the concentration of extract, it showed reduced absorbance and increased free radical inhibition, and when comparison was made with Ascorbic acid, it showed marked antioxidant property in DPPH as well as H2O2 method. The IC50 of Ascorbic acid and EAE by DPPH method were found to be 14.56 and 14.8 respectively whereas the IC50 of Ascorbic acid and EAE by H2O2 method were found that 14.3and 14.8 respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study concluded hat the EAE of Senna occidentalis L. possesses significant antioxidant and anticonvulsant activity. The activity was in dose dependent fashion. This study will assist in future research associated with formulation development of seeds of Senna occidentalis L.

Keyword: Senna occidentalis L., Anticonvulsant, Antioxidant, DPPH model
To perform phytochemical screening and study the antioxidant potential of isolated compound from Hemidesmus indicus
Authors: Nutan , , Das Manas Kr , Saxena Gaurav , Kumar Nitin
Published: April 2019

“Anantmul” is an important and widely used medicinal plant. The study aimed to determine the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Hemidesmus indicus (Asclepiadaceae). The roots of the plant were collected and sequentially extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out and found to be a good source of bioactive compounds. Biological activities of flavonoid and phenolic compounds have been discovered in several latest studies. Further phytochemical isolation was carried out, and Lupeol was isolated. Phenols are shown to be multifunctional antioxidants which will perform as singlet oxygen quenchers. Lupeol was evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant activity. It showed a correlation with antioxidant activity by DPPH (IC50 = 0.52, P 6 0.05) and H2O2 (IC50 = 0.43, P 6 0.05). The results show promising perspectives for the exploitation and use of anantmul rhizome as a constituent of anti-aging as well as anticancer diet.

 Keywords: Anantmul, Lupeol, Antioxidant, DPPH
A review on analytical method validation and its regulatory perspectives
Authors: Lal Basant , Kapoor Devesh , Jaimini Manish
Published: April 2019

Analytical methods plays vital role in the process of identification, separation and then quantification of chemical components in natural materials or synthetic materials based on their chemistry. The main purpose of the analytical method development and validation is to prove that proposed analytical method is accurate, specific, precise and robust in the pharmaceutical industry for analysis of a drug moiety. Analytical method development gives important information in the pharmaceutical industry, on the potency of a drug, the drug’s bioavailability, the drug’s stability and also its effects. The analytical method validation is essential for analytical method development and tested for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, range, detection limit, quantitation limit and robustness. In summary, analytical method development and validation confirms that an accurate, precise and reliable potency measurement of a pharmaceutical preparation can be performed.

Keywords: HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC, GC, MS, SOP
Ayurveda and Modern Perspective on Diseases Associated with Ahara: A Review
Authors: Naharia Ranjita , Husain Mariya
Published: April 2019

Ahara (food) is considered as one of the most important factor in life and it is believe that the normal & abnormal physiological functioning mainly depends upon the quality of food consumed. Consumption of proper diet in appropriate manner may offer good health status while intake of unwholesome food stuffs can lead to disease condition. Ahara provides strength, complexion and Oja to the body, it play vital role towards longevity & boost mental strength also. The Rasa, Guna, Virya and Vipaka of Ahara considered responsible for the equilibrium of the Dosha and Dhatu. The consumption of proper diet not only offers nutritional value but also acts as preventive measure towards many diseases. The Ahara if not taken in proper manner then various ailments may be observed including consequences of Virudha-Ahara, present article described importance of Ahara and diseases originated from bad food habits.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Ahara, Diseases, Virudha-Ahara.
Concept of Ahara W.S.R. incompatible foods: Ayurveda and modern perspective
Authors: Gangasagre Jyotsna Nagnath , Gangasagre Nagnath Subhanji
Published: April 2019

Samhita is considered as most important classical text of Ayurveda, used since 4th B.C. Samhita encompasses various concepts related to diseases and their treatment. Samhita offers different principles towards the maintenance of health status of whole mankind. These basic principles suggests us how to maintain good physical as well as mental status, rules of Samhita emphasizes different aspects related to diseases and their treatment. Ayurveda believe in prevention than cure therefore in this regards Ayurveda mentioned some pillars of life for healthy well being and Ahara is one of them. Ahara if consumed in proper manner then it will help to remain away from disease while inappropriate dietary pattern may lead pathological conditions. Considering Ahara as important aspect of healthy life further Ayurveda described termed “Viruddha-Ahara” which means incompatible foods responsible for pathological initiation. Incompatible food is one of the important concepts of medical science and it is believed that consumption of incompatible foods may lead various pathological manifestations. It is believed that opposite properties of wrong food combination, wrong processing, excess food consumption, consumption of food in wrong time and seasonal diversity may leads Viruddha-Ahara. Present article described ayurveda as well as modern perspective of Viruddha-Ahara/incompatible foods in a view to explore understanding of food originated diseases.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Viruddha-Ahara, Incompatible foods, Samhita-Siddhant.