bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal control of acute protein aggregate turnover by UBE3C and NRF1-dependent proteasomal pathways
Authors: Hickey Kelsey L. , Panov Alexandra , Whelan Enya Miguel , Schäfer Tillman , Mizrak Arda , Kopito Ron R. , Baumeister Wolfgang , Fernández-Busnadiego Rubén , Harper J. Wade
Published: December 2024

A hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is the progressive loss of proteostasis, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins or protein aggregates, with subsequent cytotoxicity. To combat this toxicity, cells have evolved degradation pathways (ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy) that detect and degrade misfolded proteins. However, studying the underlying cellular pathways and mechanisms has remained a challenge, as formation of many types of protein aggregates is asynchronous, with individual cells displaying distinct kinetics, thereby hindering rigorous time-course studies. Here, we merge a kinetically tractable and synchronous agDD-GFP system for aggregate formation with targeted gene knockdowns, to uncover degradation mechanisms used in response to acute aggregate formation. We find that agDD-GFP forms amorphous aggregates by cryo-electron tomography at both early and late stages of aggregate formation. Aggregate turnover occurs in a proteasome-dependent mechanism in a manner that is dictated by cellular aggregate burden, with no evidence of the involvement of autophagy. Lower levels of misfolded agDD-GFP, enriched in oligomers, utilizes UBE3C-dependent proteasomal degradation in a pathway that is independent of RPN13 ubiquitylation by UBE3C. Higher aggregate burden activates the NRF1 transcription factor to increase proteasome subunit transcription and subsequent degradation capacity of cells. Loss or gain of NRF1 function alters the turnover of agDD-GFP under conditions of high aggregate burden. Together, these results define the role of UBE3C in degradation of this class of misfolded aggregation-prone proteins and reveals a role for NRF1 in proteostasis control in response to widespread protein aggregation.
DPF2 reads histone lactylation to drive transcription and tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhai Guijin , Niu Ziping , Jiang Zixin , Zhao Fei , Wang Siyu , Chen Chen , Zheng Wei , Wang Aiyuan , Zang Yong , Han Yanpu , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2024

Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a new type of histone mark implicated in the regulation of various functional processes such as transcription. However, how this histone mark acts in cancers remains unexplored due in part to a lack of knowledge about its reader proteins. Here, we observe that cervical cancer (CC) cells undergo metabolic reprogram by which lactate accumulation and thereby boosts histone lactylation, particularly H3K14la. Utilizing a multivalent photoaffinity probe in combination with quantitative proteomics approach, we identify DPF2 as a candidate target of H3K14la. Biochemical studies as well as CUT&Tag analysis reveal that DPF2 is capable of binding to H3K14la and colocalizes with it on promoters of oncogenic genes. Notably, disrupting the DPF2–H3K14la interaction through structure-guided mutation blunts those cancer-related gene expression along with cell survival. Together, our findings reveal DPF2 as a bona fide H3K14la effector that couples histone lactylation to gene transcription and cell survival, offering insight into how histone Kla engages in transcription and tumorigenesis.
Electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged disk through Green’s theorem
Authors: Sagaydak Alina E , Silagadze Zurab K
Published: December 2024

All existing derivations of the electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged disk are technically rather involved. In an old and now almost forgotten publication, Duffin and McWhirter proposed a method for calculating the electrostatic potentials of planar bodies by a skillful application of Green’s theorem. It is shown that this method significantly simplifies the problem of calculating the electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged disk and makes it an almost trivial task.
Nonreciprocal spin wave propagation in synthetic antiferromagnetic double domain walls
Authors: Ye Yuchen , Zhao Chenbo , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang
Published: December 2024

Based on micromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate nonreciprocal spin-wave transmission in the double-domain wall waveguide within an artificial antiferromagnetic structure. Interestingly, the nonreciprocity of the upper and lower layers is opposite. By bringing the two domain walls closer via an external magnetic field, the resulting dipolar interaction causes energy transfer between domain walls. The chirality of the Néel wall in the lower layer is opposite to that of the upper layer, and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction at the interface makes the nonreciprocal transmission of the lower layer opposite to that of the upper layer. Changing the frequency of spin waves can adjust the magnitude of the nonreciprocity. Our findings pave the way for the development of novel nonreciprocal magnonic devices.
Unveiling the impact of Ni doping on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline FeCo2O4 spinel oxide: a combined experimental and ab initio investigations
Authors: Verma Deepak , Maitra Tulika , Varma G D
Published: December 2024

In the present work, nanocrystalline samples of compositions

N

i

x

F

e

1
−
x

C

o

2

O

4

(

x

= 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) have been synthesized via co-precipitation method by annealing at 900 °C. The nanocrystalline samples of compositions Ni0.25Fe0.75Co2O4 (D0.25) and Ni0.5Fe0.5Co2O4 (D0.5) crystallizes in a pure spinel phase, whereas Ni0.75Fe0.25Co2O4 (D0.75) show the existence of secondary phase of NiO, as confirmed by the x-ray diffraction analysis. The particle size and lattice strain in the samples both decrease as Ni substitution has increased. The field-dependent dc magnetization M(H) virgin curve measured at 5 K for sample D0.75 shows the existence of field-induced metamagnetic transition, while this behavior is absent in samples D0.5 and D0.25. Dynamic magnetic properties have been investigated by ac susceptibility measurement, which shows a strong frequency dependence behavior resulting from the blocking/spin-glass freezing states depending upon the amount of Ni substitution and the range of measurement temperature. High-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the presence of mixed valence states of Fe2+/Fe3+, Co2+/Co+3, and Ni2+/Ni+3 in all samples. Using first principles-based density functional theory calculations with HSE06 exchange-correlation functional predicts the correct description of the ground state, which is ferrimagnetic and insulating in their inverse spinel case for D0.25, D0.5, and D0.75 samples that agreed well with our experimental observations. A closer look at the electronic structure near the Fermi level (E
F) of Ni-doped samples suggests a typical Mott–Hubbard insulating state while it is found to be a mixture of charge-transfer and Mott–Hubbard insulating state for parent compound FeCo2O4. The obtained spin-dependent gap hierarchy can have possible applications in spintronics. We have studied a detailed correlation between experiment and theory.
Estimation of turbulent transport coefficients by the conditional variance method
Authors: Tork T. , Manz P. , Bian N.H. , Reimold F. , Grenfell G. , Killer C. , Zholobenko W. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the W7-X Team
Published: December 2024

A novel approach for estimating turbulent transport coefficients in fusion devices is presented. The diagnostic method is established on the analysis of the conditional variance of one-point time series of density or temperature fluctuations. It is tested on data obtained from probe measurements in the edge of the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade and the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, and on synthetic data from the gyrofluid transport model GEMR. The approach demonstrates a remarkable degree of accuracy, typically within a factor of two of the actual transport measured by more difficult means. It is a simple and accurate way of evaluating turbulent particle and heat transport coefficients that does not require measurements of the velocity fluctuations.
Degradation performance of methyl orange by TiO2 photocatalyst from green synthesis
Authors: Oktafianti R , Putri N P , Riska A M , Kusumawati D H
Published: December 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was prepared using the green synthesis method to investigate its photocatalytic activity in degrading methyl orange. The properties of TiO2 were analyzed using XRD to ascertain the phase and crystal size, SEM-EDX to evaluate the morphology and composition, and UV-Vis to measure the absorbance and bandgap energy. The study was conducted by varying the methyl orange (MO) solution concentration and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time. The results indicated that the maximum degradation efficiency after 180 minutes was achieved at a concentration of methyl orange solution of 5 ppm with a value of 92.92%, while at concentrations of 15 ppm and 30 ppm, the degradation efficiency was 90.33% and 73.77%. Therefore, TiO2 has the potential to be an effective photocatalyst in the application of purifying water contaminated with dyes.
Development of 4-Tier Diagnostic Fluid Static Test (4T-DFST) to identify profile students’ conception
Authors: Saputra O , Hermanto I M , Safitri A I , Putra H T , Nadzirin A , Lusiyanti D
Published: December 2024

Students’ conceptions sometimes differ from those of physicists, necessitating teachers to incorporate detection methods in their instructional planning to mitigate these disparities. This study aimed to create a 4-Tier Diagnostic Fluid Static Test (4T-DFST) tool and assess students’ conceptual understanding of static fluid topics. This research follows the Research and Development (R&D) approach, employing the ADDIE model (Analyzing, Designing, Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating). In essence, the four-tier diagnostic test format comprises four distinct levels. The instruments were deemed valid and reliable based on validity and reliability tests, yielding results of 0.60 and 0.79, respectively. Both expert validation and calculations confirm the suitability of the developed 4T-DFST for implementation. This research represents an advancement by focusing on static fluid material, whereas prior research concentrated solely on mechanics material with minimal attention to static fluid concepts.
Modified Crank-Nicolson method for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation
Authors: Kurniawan A R , Suaebah E , Supardi Z A I
Published: December 2024

The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is fundamental to quantum mechanics, describing the evolution of quantum systems. This study introduces a novel numerical approach that extends and modifies the Crank-Nicholson method to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. This method is designed to enhance both the precision and performance of computational results, especially in the context of quantum tunneling phenomena and applications that require high accuracy over long periods. To assess the precision and performance of the modified Crank-Nicolson method, we benchmark it against two well-known numerical methods: the Runge-Kutta method and the Split-Step Fourier method. Quantum tunneling is selected as the case study due to its relevance in quantum physics applications. Comparative analysis is based on numerical error metrics. The proposed method can be applied to other physical phenomena, expanding its potential application in physics research and technology industries.
Development of continuity principles tools based on the WOKWI simulator Arduino Uno sensor for dynamic fluids
Authors: Zakaria A , Sucahyo I
Published: December 2024

This research aims to develop a fluid, dynamic teaching aid for Senior High School. Visualization tools based on dynamic fluid materials. The method used in the research is the ADDIE development model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). However, it is limited to ADD (Analysis, Design, and Development). This tool is designed using an Arduino UNO sensor, which can be connected to the sensor, and is made with 3D design with the help of Blender 4.1 software—the water flow sensor functions as a discharge meter. The LCD screen displays the results of the calculation of the discharge and water level in the venturi pipe. The tool has a guide sheet for programming procedures using WOKWI software. Based on the simulator results, the program code applied to the WOKWI simulator runs well with the Water Level Pump indicator ON/OFF. Media designs include Arduino, Resistor, Slides Witch, Arduino Atmega8, LED display, water pump, water pipe and venturi, DPDT relay, LED lamp, and ultrasonic distance measuring sensor. So, it can be concluded that the water flow or water level sensor program code and the continuity principles teaching aid design trials went well, so the implementation stage for high school level students can be carried out for further research.
Integrating local culture and science: Exploring physics concepts through Angklung craftsmanship
Authors: Rahmat A D , Kuswanto H , Wilujeng I
Published: December 2024

Angklung, a traditional West Java musical instrument, has achieved global acclaim, elevating Indonesia’s cultural prestige. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore how physics concepts are integrated into the craft of making Angklung. Data were collected through interviews, documentation, and observation and analyzed descriptively with triangulation techniques. The research reveals that the process of making Angklung involves traditional craftsmanship and significant physics concepts, such as resonance, sound frequency, and wave propagation. The method includes four main stages: bamboo selection, bamboo cutting, tuning, and assembly. Each stage illustrates relevant physics principles, providing insights into how bamboo properties affect acoustic characteristics and how precise carving and cutting techniques influence sound quality. The tuning stage further educates students about harmonizing sound through acoustic principles using tools like tuners. This study offers a novel perspective by integrating traditional Angklung craftsmanship with educational physics concepts, enriching cultural heritage and scientific understanding.
Analysis of student scientific literacy skills on energy and simple machines topics
Authors: Reswara T R , Parno  , Nugraheni D , Suwasono P , Jannah R , Khamis N
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess students’ scientific literacy skills on energy and simple machines. This quantitative descriptive research employed a survey method. It involved 63 ninth-grade students who had covered the material on energy and simple machines from three junior high schools in Malang, Indonesia. The research utilized an instrument consisting of 8 items from the Energy and Simple Machines Scientific Literacy Skills Test with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.807 (very high). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, followed by ranking classification based on sub-topics and each scientific literacy indicator. The results showed that students’ average scientific literacy skills were in the “not good” category. This was due to students not being accustomed to solving scientific literacy-indicated problems, which tend to contain long, complex readings requiring extra comprehension. Additionally, teacher involvement was lacking in applying methods, models, or learning strategies related to scientific literacy. When reviewed by each sub-topic and scientific literacy indicator, the energy sub-topic scored higher than the simple machines sub-topic, and the first indicator, explaining phenomena scientifically, scored the highest among the three indicators. Based on these findings, implementing project-based learning models that enhance students’ scientific literacy, such as STEAM elements, is highly recommended.
Development and application of Assessment for Learning (AfL) instruments to measure students’ critical thinking abilities on renewable energy topics
Authors: Viyanti  , Safitri W D , Suyatna A
Published: December 2024

Measuring critical thinking skills constructively is important in training students to find solutions. The assessment for learning (AfL) instrument has demonstrated its effectiveness in assessing learners’ ability to think critically about renewable energy material. This research aims to (1) develop and validate the AfL instrument and (2) Assess and gauge students’ critical thinking abilities on renewable energy topics. AfL instrument to measure students’ critical thinking abilities was developed based on interview findings (n=16), testing stage (n=35), and trial (n=35) and carried out on 96 high school students spread across the city of Bandar Lampung. This development research uses Thiagarajan’s (1974) 4 stages, namely: 1) define, 2) design, 3) develop, and 4) dissemination. Based on the expert validation results, a score of 87.87% was obtained in the very valid category. Next, the instrument was tested on 35 students, implemented on 96 high school students, and analyzed with the Rasch model, supported by Ministep 4.8.2 software. Based on the trial data analysis results, 14 statements were declared valid. The Afl instrument items for measuring students’ critical thinking abilities were also declared reliable with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.84 in the very good category. The practicality test score was obtained at 87.15 with very practical criteria. The final product of the AfL instrument for renewable energy material is a valid, reliable, and practical instrument for measuring students’ critical thinking abilities.
Ethnophysics concepts analysis: Traditional vs. modern game in lato-lato and Newton’s pendulum
Authors: Arisanti A , Nurlailiyah Alfi , Lestari N A , Misbah  , Deta U A , Prahani B K
Published: December 2024

The vast cultural legacy of Indonesia provides valuable materials for educational applications. An exemplary instance is the conventional game of lato-lato, which encompasses fundamental physics principles, such as momentum. Lato-lato, similar to Newton’s pendulum, demonstrates the concepts of momentum, the conservation of energy, and the coefficient of restitution by showcasing ball collisions. Although the devices have distinct features, they exhibit the principles of momentum and energy conservation, as well as the properties of elastic collisions. The principle of energy conservation in these systems emphasizes the transformation of potential energy into kinetic energy, with the efficiency affected by the restitution coefficient. Furthermore, the principle of conservation of momentum guarantees that the overall momentum remains constant without any external influences. Incorporating lato-lato into physics teaching offers a novel and captivating method to enhance students’ understanding of these essential physics principles.
Performance test of brushless direct current (BLDC) generator in micro hydro power plant (MHPP) with Archimedes screw turbine
Authors: Bustomi M A , Setiawan F B , Indarto B , Purwanti E
Published: December 2024

Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) generators have many advantages over DC generators that use brushes. In this research, the advantages of the BLDC generator are applied as a generator for a micro-hydro power plant (MHPP) that uses an Archimedes screw turbine. The study aims to test the performance of the BLDC generator as a generator on the Archimedes screw turbine MHPP. The MHPP specifications for the Archimedes screw turbine used in this research are an Archimedes screw turbine with three blades, an elevation angle of 40° and a transmission gear ratio of 2.8:1. The screw turbine has an inner diameter of 14.02 cm, an outer diameter of 23.9 cm, a pitch of 25.67 cm and a length of 51.34 cm. The generator used is a 3-phase Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) generator. The load used is a 12 Volt LED lamp with a 5 to 20 Watts power. The test results at a discharge of 0.00634 m3/s showed that the mechanical power was (36.408 ± 0.202) Watts and the highest electrical power was (7.86 ± 0.03) Watts. Based on these results, the efficiency of electrical power on mechanical power is around 22%.
Computational modeling of parabolic motion with air resistance using scratch programming
Authors: Taufiq M , Kaniawati I , Liliasari  , Samsudin A
Published: December 2024

Parabolic motion, a fundamental concept in physics, becomes significantly more complex when air resistance is considered. Traditional analytical methods often need to provide accurate solutions, necessitating computational approaches. This research aims to develop a computational model to simulate parabolic motion with air resistance using Scratch programming. This research applies a development method with a modified waterfall model. The phase of the waterfall model applied in this research include defining, designing, developing, testing, and analyzing. The computational modeling of parabolic motion with air resistance using Scratch programming employs the Euler method to solve the differential equations. The model uses horizontal and vertical motion components, integrating air resistance effects. The developed Scratch program successfully simulates the projectile’s trajectory, showcasing the significant impact of air resistance on parabolic motion. The results illustrate how air resistance causes deviations from ideal parabolic paths, leading to shorter ranges and altered apex heights. This research concludes that a computational model was produced to simulate parabolic motion with air resistance using Scratch programming that highlights the potential of Scratch as a tool for computational physics, making complex numerical methods accessible to beginners. Integrating the Euler method within Scratch presents a novel approach to teaching and understanding projectile motion with air resistance. The research contributes to science education by providing an engaging, interactive platform for students to explore and understand advanced concepts in mechanics. Furthermore, this approach can be adapted for various other physical phenomena, broadening the scope of its application in educational settings.
Patterns of PM10 particles change in the atmospheric air of Ivano-Frankivsk city
Authors: Adamenko S Y , Arkhypova L M , Adamenko Y O , Moskalchuk N M , Glibovytska N I , Chupa V M
Published: December 2024

PM is one of the main atmospheric air pollutants causing serious concern for public health. New evidence on health effects of PM has led to the publication of new WHO air quality guidelines. Spatio-temporal patterns of PM10 change are a current topic in atmospheric and environmental sciences. An equally important aspect is the study of the relationship between PM10 concentration and meteorological characteristics. Temperature, humidity, wind and atmospheric pressure can affect the concentration, distribution and transport of PM10. The database for the study included measurements of PM10 concentration, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity for 306 days in 2019 (from March 1 to December 31) every hour, a total of 7,344 for each parameter from the Ecocity public monitoring station in the central part of Ivano-Frankivsk city. There are no significant stationary pollution sources and highways near the observation site. Certain regularities were found in the daily variation of PM10 concentration: sharp increase in concentrations at night with a peak around midnight, decrease during the day (minimum around 16:00). The proposed sinusoidal model fairly well reflects the distribution of data in the morning hours, from 5 to 11 am. Significant fluctuations in daily concentrations (from 0 to 100 μg/m3) were observed, especially in the cold period of the year. The highest average monthly values of PM10 are in March, the lowest are in July. The current average daily limit value in Ukraine and the EU is 50 μg/m3 (no more than 35 exceedances per year), 442 instantaneous indicators above the norm. When analyzing the relationship between PM10 concentrations and air temperature, the regularity is observed both during the day and throughout the year (in cold periods, the concentration of particles is higher, which can be explained by lower air temperatures). The patterns identified are related to a number of factors, such as meteorological conditions, pollution sources, and atmospheric chemistry. Multivariate linear regression was used to find the mathematical relationship between the average monthly values of PM10 concentration, humidity and air temperature. The coefficient of determination R
2 = 0.67, Fisher’s test F = 70.95 and the mean square error MSE = 23.12. On the basis of this, it can be stated that the model is acceptable for estimating and forecasting temporal patterns of the concentration of PM10 particles in the atmospheric air of Ivano-Frankivsk, depending on the average monthly indicators of humidity and atmospheric air temperature.
Research on influence of stress-strain evolution in immediate floor before and after excavation face on origin floor heave in coal mines roadways
Authors: Sakhno I , Sakhno S , Isaienkov O , Petrenko A
Published: December 2024

The floor heave is one of the most acute issues of underground mine roadways stability problem. With an increase in mine depth, the floor heave becomes more dramatic. Analysis shows that rock bolts reinforcement is the most advanced and worldwide method of floor heave control. The current mine roadway support systems in Ukraine usually do not provide measures to floor heave control. As a result, floor heave values exceed 0.7-1.0 m, which leads to disruption of transport chains and failure of ventilation regime. In this paper, for the typical conditions of coal mines located in Pokrovsky, Dobropilsky districts and Western Donbass, stress-strain evolution in roadway’s bottom before and after excavation face was studied. Ansys code was used to analyze the evolution of stress and strain in immediate floor of roadway before and after excavation face. It was found that rocks in immediate floor undergo cyclic loading and alternating strains. Before and after excavation face a zone of increased stress and a stress relief zone are formed respectively. Thus, in the immediate floor behind the excavation face cracks are formed and structurally defects are branched. This initiates the origin of floor heave process. The control of the immediate floor delamination after excavation face can be ensured by a timely installation of rock bolts in the excavation face with their inclination to roadway face. The most appropriate bolt inclination coincides with the contour of the stress concentration zone, which can be determined from the results of numerical modeling.
Predictive calculation of blasting quality as a tool for estimation of production cost and investment attractiveness of a mineral deposit development
Authors: Hryhoriev Y , Lutsenko S , Shvets Y , Kuttybayev A , Mukhamedyarova N
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the importance of ensuring the necessary degree of rock crushing in open pit mining technology and its profound impact on extraction, loading operations, and overall production processes. The degree of rock crushing significantly influences excavation and transportation costs, making it a pivotal factor in determining the total cost of mining operations. Traditionally, empirical formulas have been used to establish the dependence of granulometric composition of blasted rocks on rock properties and technological factors. However, this study emphasizes the need for a multifactorial model to predict rock crushing quality, incorporating characteristics of rock massifs, explosives, and specific costs. By doing so, it aims to enhance the efficiency of open-pit mining technology and evaluate the investment attractiveness of deposit development at the pre-project stage. The study also explores the use of linear regression analysis and non-linear search methods to determine the parameters for predictive calculations of blasting quality. The research offers valuable insights into optimizing blasting approaches and minimizing operational costs in open-cast mining operations, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of mineral deposits.
Analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters of gas mixture in thermal processes of mine medium
Authors: Kliuiev E S , Ahaiev R A , Ye Dudlia K , Vlasenko V V , Zberovskyi V V
Published: December 2024

The article examines the problem of the occurrence and spread of fires in mines caused by the increased emission of methane and coal dust. The method of mining space isolation with the help of fire-prevention stopping, reducing the oxygen concentration and creating an inert medium, was studied. It has been experimentally established that thermal action on coal without air access causes the formation of combustible gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The peculiarities of the formation of a multicomponent gas mixture in the temperature range from 400 to 900°C were determined. High temperature causes a gas phase yield rise, which leads to an increase in its heat of combustion according to a quadratic dependence. It was found that the methane yield increases up to 600°C, and then its decrease in the gas mixture is observed due to decomposition into hydrogen and atomic carbon at temperatures above 700°C.High values of combustion heat of gases are determined by methane at temperatures up to 800°C, after which the influence of hydrogen rises with high temperatures. The obtained data of the gas mixtures combustion heat make it possible to establish the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the thermal process occurring in the isolated mining space. This can be used to calculate the heat balance of the mining medium and to simulate the thermodynamic processes occurring during mining fires.
Areas of the nature reserve fund use in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Koshkalda I , Dombrovska O , Gurskienė V , Kniaz O , Stoiko N
Published: December 2024

The study is aimed at analysing the conditions and prospects of the nature reserve fund development of the Kharkiv region in order to develop recommendations for optimising the management and conservation of natural resources in the sustainable development context. The nature reserve fund is an important component of the sustainable development model, contributing to the conservation of biodiversity, maintaining the sustainability of natural ecosystems, environmental education and recreation. The article examines the problem of slowing down the formation pace of new territories and objects of the nature reserve fund (NRF) in Kharkiv region and in Ukraine as a whole, which is a consequence of the current socio-economic situation. The authors of the article believe that to solve this problem, it is necessary to amend the current legislation, in particular, to simplify the procedures for creating new NRF objects and to introduce economic measures to encourage land users and landowners to create such objects. It is noted that the existing protected area rate in Kharkiv region, although exceeding the average rate in Ukraine, is still lower than in neighbouring European countries. The problematic issues are compounded by the lack of a clear strategy for the development of protected areas and the lack of the management system coordination at the state and regional levels. To solve these problems, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of a set of measures, such as the creation of a scientifically based network of protected areas and objects and a system of balanced nature management. The article offers a set of measures to intensify the processes aimed at achieving Goal 15 in Ukraine, in particular, to intensify the work of local authorities to create new territories and objects of the nature reserve fund.
Application of polymer flooding to increase oil recovery
Authors: Pashchenko O A , Borodina N A , Yavorska O O , Ishkov V V , Cherniaiev O V
Published: December 2024

This article examines the problem of non-uniform oil displacement during the development of multi-layer fields and proposes a promising approach to solve it – polymer flooding. The article outlines the basic principles of polymer flooding, including dissolving polymers in water to increase viscosity and reduce water mobility. Various types of polymers used in this technology and their unique characteristics are considered. The advantages of polymer flooding are highlighted, such as increasing reservoir coverage and increasing oil production efficiency. The illustrations presented in the article compare oil displacement using polymer flooding and traditional methods. In conclusion, a comparative description of various types of polymers in terms of composition and main application parameters is given and the importance of this technology in the context of ensuring sustainable and efficient oil production in multi-layer fields is substantiated.
The income, consumer spending and wellbeing of Ukrainian households
Authors: Verba D V , Kotenok A G , Kotenok D M
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the refinement of factors determining the structure of Ukrainian households’ consumption spending and approaches to interpretation of shifts in such structure in context of population well-being. It contains analysis with using indexes of real volume of consumption, combined with the localization of causes determining fluctuations in relative prices by commodity group. The results of such analysis should create preconditions to clarify the contribution of certain industries and commodity groups in the dynamics of consumer welfare. For estimating the income and price elasticity of consumption by wide aggregated commodity groups the linear modeling was used. Authors have used quite simple linear additive function, the first element of which is close to Working function, and the second – a very simplified replacement of Theil proposed mathematical tools for incorporating relative prices into mentioned model. The elasticity coefficients, calculated on basic our model were compared with coefficients obtained by Seale Jr. and Regmi [1]. For five commodity categories, we also compared the actual indices of real changes in quantity of consumption with similar indicators, which were calculated on basis the elasticity coefficients, obtained in our and mentioned works. Elasticity coefficients are designed by Seale Jr. and Regmi [1] for “Food” and “Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house” have demonstrated quite good explanatory power. But estimated figures for both models clearly deviate from the actual values, which were observed for “Clothing and footwear”, as well as for “Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels”. At last, we try to explain the causes determining such deviation of actual scale of consumption comparing with calculated on basis elasticity coefficients and create precondition for better understanding connection of observed change in consumption of such commodity group with level of population’s well-being.
Ukrainian social sector development in contemporary conditions: problems and areas for their solution
Authors: Lopushniak H S , Kytsak T G , Verkhovod I S , Osadchyi V V , Ryabokon I O
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the adaptation of social policy’s conceptual framework to war conditions, radical growth of defense spending, which, against the background of production infrastructure destruction and declining business activity, lead to critical underfunding of social sector. The authors emphasize the priority of population’s quality of life characteristics as a criterion for assessing functioning of social sector’s clusters and a basis for updating social policy’s principles and priorities. The study identified the main social sector development problems, which primarily include: limited resources in response to the social sector’s growing needs, including social protection; reduced access to medical and educational services; insufficiently effective reforms during the period of war; depopulation; increased migration flows, etc. The following priority areas have been identified for their resolution: creation of conditions for increasing the birth rate, and socialization of senior citizens; effective migration policy; reforming the wage system; simplifying access to professional pre-university and higher education; adapting the network of medical institutions to population’s growing needs; preserving and restoring social infrastructure, etc. Development and implementation of measures within the mentioned areas will contribute to social sector development and, accordingly, to the improvement of population’s quality of life.
Thermo-responsive hydrogels based on gelatin-alginate composition with humic acids intended for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Lebedeva K O , Lebedev V V , Klochko N P , Cherkashina A M , Bogoyavlenska O V , Miroshnichenko D V
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work is to create a bioactive “smart” thermo-responsive hydrogel, which, when exposed to the body with a physiological temperature of 37°C, reversibly turns into a sol, which can be used to introduce drugs into hard-to-reach places, for local and long-term delivery of drugs, as well as for reducing doses of delivered drugs. Herein, we developed and studied hydrogel systems containing gelatin, sodium alginate and humic acids. All natural molecular polymers used are low cost and have non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and non-immunogenic properties. In addition, using our own technology, humic acids with antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity were obtained from lignite, which provided a concrete chance for the technological use of humic acids in accordance with the “waste-to-wealth” approach. Rheological studies confirmed that the hydrogel containing 14 %wt.gelatin and 6.4 %wt. sodium alginate is thermo-reponsive and has a gel-sol transition, manifested in a sharp decrease in its kinematic viscosity at a physiological temperature of 37°C. The FTIR spectra of the gelatin-sodium alginate-H2O and gelatin-sodium alginate-humic acids-H2O systems turned out to be similar. The small red and blue shifts in stretching and bending vibration positions occurred due to gelatin-sodium alginate, gelatin-humic acids and sodium alginate-humic acids interactions, and are similar to those observed in the literature, in particular due to a conformational change in the secondary structure of gelatin. The results of a study of the gel-sol transition time at a physiological temperature of 37°C for samples of the developed thermo-responsive bioactive gelatin-alginate hydrogel containing 6.4 %wt. sodium alginate and 14%wt. gelatin, as well as samples of this hydrogel modified with different contents of humic acids, visually showed a sharp increase in the transition time from 6 min to 11 min as a result of adding 2.5 %wt.humic acids. Thus, these studies showed that relatively small concentrations of humic acids can provide a prolonged drug delivery effect through the use of gelatin-sodium alginate hydrogel modified with humic acids on the surface of the human body.
Development of the modeling system core for severe plastic deformation processes
Authors: Tarasov O F , Altukhov O V , Vasylieva L V
Published: December 2024

The research is focused on the development of the structure of the core of the integrated automated modeling system (AMS). The AMS ensures an increase in the functionality of the CAD and CAE systems by combining them with several external independent modules. The AMS modeling technological schemes of severe plastic deformation processes, the behavior of materials in deformation processes, and reducing the cost of choosing the scheme and parameters of the deformation processes. Object-oriented software was developed to analyze the influence of different initial shapes of the billets and the die sets on the changes in the billet’s cross-section during deformation. The software is written in C# using the WPF interface and the page structure of the main application window. Using parametric models of processes enables automated calculations in CAE systems and the generation of 3D geometric models of die sets in CAD systems. The design of experiments allows automation research of severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes and reduces the costs of studies. Importing and accumulating calculation results in the CAE system made it possible to find the optimal values of the parameters of SPD technological processes. The parameters of the deformation models obtained based on modeling are the basis for constructing the geometry of the die set in CAD with subsequent integration with CAE to calculate the stress-strain state in the volume of the billet. Ways to expand software functions to support various SPD processes are proposed.
Comparative analysis and modeling safe variability areas of power for VVER-1000 and AP-1000 power units
Authors: Ye Saukh S , Godun O V
Published: December 2024

We conducted an analysis of the safe loading and power maneuvering areas for both existing VVER-1000 power units and prospective AP-1000 power units. Mathematical models were developed to represent these areas accurately. These proposed models offer a comprehensive assessment of the potential operating conditions for Nuclear Power Plant units within the context of evolving energy systems, which are increasingly reliant on renewable energy sources. By adequately accounting for the limitations and constraints associated with safe power output maneuvering, these models facilitate informed decision-making processes regarding the integration and operation of VVER-1000 and AP-1000 nuclear power units alongside wind and solar power plants in electric power systems. This ensures the safe and efficient operation of NPP units while accommodating the growing penetration of renewable energy sources in the overall energy mix.
Modeling the process of ensuring environmental sustainability of the airport as a functional component of socio-tecnical systems
Authors: Liamzin A O , Lozova G M , Klymenko V V , Yeroshenko O R
Published: December 2024

The article addresses the modernization and broadening of the functional capacities of airport infrastructure, focusing on transforming airports into contemporary and ecologically safe spaces within socio-technical systems. This theme is not only pertinent for mitigating the adverse environmental effects of airports but also for enhancing the living conditions and health of the surrounding communities, airport personnel, and waiting passengers. The implementation of the ecologically safe space model yields positive economic outcomes, bolstering the airport’s image and competitiveness among investors and the public. The paper introduces an original model for ecologically safe airport spaces, offering new avenues for the development and integration of innovative technologies to optimize environmental safety. The analysis covers economic, political, technological, and environmental factors influencing airport operations and their impact on the country. A range of measures is explored to minimize the negative environmental impact of airports, forming ecologically safe spaces within airports in line with international agreements, including the Airport Carbon Accreditation program. Positive examples of zero carbon emission airports and those evolving as city-airports are examined. The core of the work lies in devising a model for economically safe airport spaces based on a mathematical model of socioium activity within a specific sector of the airport’s environmental framework. This dynamic model addresses complex issues such as reducing the airport’s negative environmental impact on human within airport confines to prevent accidents, and minimizing the cyclic interaction level among airport stakeholders.
Experimental study of the effect of hydraulic gradient on soil hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Khlapuk M M , Klimov S V , Bezusiak O V , Shumlyanskyi A O
Published: December 2024

When operating various hydraulic structures, particularly agricultural drains, during the water movement through soils, various types of suffusion deformations typically occur. Particle reorientation and displacement happen under the influence of various forces, including hydraulic gradients. The movement of fine particles, mechanical suffusion, and colmatage were investigated in the hydro-technical laboratory of the National University of Water and Environmental Engineering (Rivne city). Laboratory experiments on filtration using Darcy’s facility reveal patterns of the hydraulic gradient’s influence on the hydraulic conductivity in soils with different particle size distributions. The article describes the experimental facility and filtration model, outlines the selection of model soil compositions, and the corresponding experimental constructions, along with the conditions for conducting experiments. Based on the research results for selected model soils, the dependence of the hydraulic conductivity on the magnitude of the hydraulic gradient was established. The hydraulic conductivity increases with an increase in the hydraulic gradient, and upon exceeding a certain value of the gradient, known as the critical hydraulic gradient, when soil particles attain a stable position, deformation processes practically cease. It was also found that with a gradual reduction in hydraulic gradients, the hydraulic conductivity remains constant within a certain interval. Only after reaching specific gradient values does the hydraulic conductivity start to decrease, but it exceeds the initial values significantly (up to 32%). This indicates that deformations in the soil caused by mechanical suffusion and colmatage are irreversible.
Analysis of current trends in water runoff of the Sluch River in terms of extraterritorial impacts of hydrotechnical construction
Authors: Korbutiak V M , Stefanyshyn D V , Khodnevych Y V , Lahodniuk O A , Martyniuk V O
Published: December 2024

The aim of the conducted research was to uncover current trends in the variability of the Sluch River’s flow in the context of potential depletion of its water resources due to climate change and anthropogenic activity in its catchment area. The research methodology relied on the analysis of time series data from hydrological observations of average annual, maximum, and minimum water flows. Modern trends in the variability of the river flow were determined using data collected from three operational hydrological posts located at different sections of its course: “Hromada” in the upper part of the river basin, “Zviahel” within the middle course, and “Sarny” in the lower course. The total monitoring period for establishing modern trends in the variability of the river flow spanned 27 years, from 1989 to 2015. The research revealed that the minimum flow of the river underwent the most significant negative changes in the context of water resource depletion during this period. This finding was particularly evident at the Zviahel hydrological station.