bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The statistical properties of 3D Klein polyhedra
Authors: Illarionov A. A.
Published: November 2019

Let

be a rank-

lattice in

. The convex hulls of the nonzero lattice points lying in orthants are called the Klein polyhedra of

. This construction was introduced by Klein in 1895, in connection with generalizing the classical continued-fraction algorithm to the multidimensional case. Arnold stated a number of problems on the statistical and geometric properties of Klein polyhedra. In two dimensions the corresponding results follow from the theory of continued fractions. An asymptotic formula for the mean value of the

-vectors (the numbers of facets, edges and vertices) of 3D Klein polyhedra is derived. This mean value is taken over the Klein polyhedra of integer 3D lattices with determinants in

, where

is an increasing parameter.

Bibliography: 27 titles.
Animal science Down Under: a history of research, development and extension in support of Australia’s livestock industries
Authors: Bell Alan W.
Published: November 2019

This account of the development and achievements of the animal sciences in Australia is prefaced by a brief history of the livestock industries from 1788 to the present. During the 19th century, progress in industry development was due more to the experience and ingenuity of producers than to the application of scientific principles; the end of the century also saw the establishment of departments of agriculture and agricultural colleges in all Australian colonies (later states). Between the two world wars, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was established, including well supported Divisions of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, and there was significant growth in research and extension capability in the state departments. However, the research capacity of the recently established university Faculties of Agriculture and Veterinary Science was limited by lack of funding and opportunity to offer postgraduate research training. The three decades after 1945 were marked by strong political support for agricultural research, development and extension, visionary scientific leadership, and major growth in research institutions and achievements, partly driven by increased university funding and enrolment of postgraduate students. State-supported extension services for livestock producers peaked during the 1970s. The final decades of the 20th century featured uncertain commodity markets and changing public attitudes to livestock production. There were also important Federal Government initiatives to stabilise industry and government funding of agricultural research, development and extension via the Research and Development Corporations, and to promote efficient use of these resources through creation of the Cooperative Research Centres program. These initiatives led to some outstanding research outcomes for most of the livestock sectors, which continued during the early decades of the 21st century, including the advent of genomic selection for genetic improvement of production and health traits, and greatly increased attention to public interest issues, particularly animal welfare and environmental protection. The new century has also seen development and application of the ‘One Health’ concept to protect livestock, humans and the environment from exotic infectious diseases, and an accelerating trend towards privatisation of extension services. Finally, industry challenges and opportunities are briefly discussed, emphasising those amenable to research, development and extension solutions.
Determination of borders between objects on satellite images using a two-proof doubly stochastic filtration
Authors: Andriyanov N A , Dementyiev V E
Published: November 2019

The text deals with the possibility of using a random process of the algorithm based on the two-pass application of the Kalman filter modification to determine the instant of disorder. A technique is proposed for generalizing this algorithm to the case of processing a random process with slowly varying statistical and correlation properties based on the application of a doubly stochastic filter. The consistency of the approach for determining the borders between objects on two-dimensional digital images is shown.
Performance evaluation of 4-stroke gasoline engine using Bio fuel (Ethanol)
Authors: Rafeh A , Obaidullah K , Masih A , Rehman A
Published: November 2019

The article examines the performance of a 4-stroke gasoline engine using Bio-fuel (Ethanol). The research work was carried out on a SOLTEQ engine test bed available in university in Thermodynamics laboratory. In this study an ordinary gasoline engine was fixed on test bed. Several modifications to external parts of the engine were made to fix it on the bed such as base frame, suction port, exhaust port and oil temperature indicators. To asses engine performance the experiment setting used gasoline with 5 different blends of ethanol such as E0 (100% gasoline), E5 (95% gasoline, 5% ethanol), E10 (90% gasoline, 10% ethanol), E15 (85% gasoline, 15% ethanol) and E20 (80% gasoline, 20% ethanol). While the engine performance was evaluated at operating parameter called wide open throttle (WOT). Different charts were established to compare results. The results obtained from analysis showed significant deviations in performance curves at different fuel grades. These results were quite useful especially for utilizing ethanol additives with gasoline in ordinary gasoline engines.
Adaptive vibration absorbing method of torsional vibrations for processing equipment
Authors: Bashmur K A , Petrovsky E A , Mazurov I A , Bukhtoyarov V V , Tynchenko S V , Gorodov A A
Published: November 2019

This article describes issues relating to monitoring vibrations affecting the processing equipment. Especially, the problem of negative influence from the increased vibration background in well drilling, where the issue is the most acute, is being described. The urgency of creating methods to monitor vibration condition, due to which it becomes possible to design reliable and efficient structures with the required characteristics and purpose, is shown. Particular attention is paid to passive methods for monitoring torsional vibrations of pipe columns. In this case, the developed method for monitoring the vibration condition of torsional vibrations is presented, and its effectiveness is shown. In addition, a new device for monitoring torsional vibrations to the developed method, which is distinguished by its simplicity as well as high potential of reliability and efficiency, is shown.
Architecture, algorithmic support and software development of aviation synthetic vision system for perspective transport civil aircraft
Authors: Neretin E S , Dyachenko S A
Published: November 2019

The paper considers the aviation onboard synthetic vision system that generates and outputs a three-dimensional (3D) external environment images to the cockpit multifunctional displays (MFD). Particularly, the system architecture, algorithmic support and software are designed. The synthesized images present 3D earth surface areas with high informativity in the real time scale. The example of generated 3D models of real geographic objects is provided.
Development of human gingiva phantom material for minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery
Authors: Buinov M A , Vorotnikov A A , Klimov D D , Poduraev Y V
Published: November 2019

The article describes the technological process of manufacturing the material for the phantom of human gingiva for subsequent use as a part of a prototype of a robotic system for laser maxillofacial surgery. The prototype of the experimental setup is presented, which allows automating the process of manufacturing the material for this phantom. A preliminary comparison of cuts on the phantom material of gingiva with the biological material of a pig gingiva was made. It has been experimentally proven that the material is well suited for creating gingiva phantoms with complex geometric surface shapes in ways similar to the molding of plastics into silicone molds.
Assurance of complex pressure control system operability in high-temperature media
Authors: Terasmes K S , Petrovsky E A , Bashmur K A , Tynchenko S V , Bukhtoyarov V V , Shepeta N A
Published: November 2019

For the purpose of control and overpressure protection in pipeline systems of power industry and pressure vessels, indirect-action valves consisting of a main valve and a pilot valve are often used. Such devices are characterized by smaller reliability due to complication of their structure depending on operability of these two valves. A pilot valve controlling the whole safety system is the weakest element of the system. It is especially typical of machines operated in severe conditions, since life of sensing elements quickly decreases during work with high-temperature and polluted media. The authors considered the ways for improving reliability of pressure control systems operated in severe conditions by redundancy of the sensing element of the valve with a system equipped with a metal bellows. The authors analyzed reliability of initial systems and redundant systems at various operating temperatures.
Adaptive robust control of oil and gas production objects
Authors: Bukhtoyarov V V , Tynchenko V S , Petrovsky E A , Zhukov V G , Kukartsev V V , Bashmur K A
Published: November 2019

The article discusses a synthesis algorithm for objects with identification and parameter tuning. The algorithm is made on the basis of software and is tested for the formation of control effects in distillation column control circuit used in oil and gas processing production. It is shown that the control method suggested for a distillation column is not less effective in comparison with a control method that pre-tuned a preset proportional and integral differential controller. The suggested controller parameter tuning is not required and is made as the mentioned algorithm functions. Moreover, in the article it is possible to find the research results of testing in conditions of various level noise, control limitations, and controlled object parameter shift.
High temperature effect on structure formation and performance of hybrid geopolymers
Authors: Kozhukhova N I , Zhernovskaya I V , Teslya A Yu , Kozhukhova M I , Yakovlev E A
Published: November 2019

Fly ash based hybrid geopolymers (HGP) containing different type of mineral admixtures such as portland cement (PC), kaolin and metakaolin (MK) were developed in this study. The improved values of compressive strength, water absorption and water resistance for PC-modified hybrid geopolymers versus MK-modified HGP and reference mix was observed. High-temperature treatment (600 °C) enables to boost compressive strength by 177 % and 55 % as well as water resistance by 34 % and 40 % for MK-modified and kaolin modified HGP, respectively. At the same time, the PC-modified HGP demonstrated a very low thermal resistance, which was confirmed by a rapid drop of compressive strength and distracted structure of the specimen subjected to high temperature.
Shielding properties study of the fabrics obtained by magnetron spraying
Authors: Krasina I V , Antonova M V , Ilyushina S V , Minyazova A N , Mingaliev R R , Parsanov A S
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the method of the modification of polyester fabrics used to create a coating that protects against electromagnetic radiation. As a method of modifying the technical properties of the polyester material, treatment in a magnetron spraying unit is proposed. Aluminum and titanium are used as sprayed materials. The use of the studied samples of metallized tissue leads to the significant decrease in the levels of electromagnetic fields.
Internal Dosimetry assessment for monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments labeled by Lutetium-177
Authors: Zakaly H MH , Mostafa M Y A , Zhukovsky M
Published: November 2019

In this research, the behaviour of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and their fragments labeled by 177Lu after injecting into the body is simulated for diagnostic and therapy. The absorbed doses in organs and tissues with maximum radiation exposure are presented. On the base of reference data in the literature, a biokinetic model is built-in for MAb and their fragments. The cumulative activity of 177Lu in organs and tissues per Bq of administered activity is calculated. Spleen, liver, and red bone marrow have the highest doses when 177Lu associated with intact monoclonal antibodies is injected into human body. The estimated doses on these organs are 1.95, 1.17 and 0.54 mGy/MBq, respectively. For the fragments of monoclonal antibodies is considered with 177Lu, the most exposed organs are the kidneys with the doses of 0.78 mGy/MBq for F(ab’)) and 1.27 mGy/MBq for F(ab′)2.
Physical mechanisms analysis of ultrasonic high amplitude cleaning
Authors: Prikhodko V , Karelina M , Fatyukhin D , Moiseev V
Published: November 2019

The article discusses physical factors that have the greatest impact on the high-amplitude ultrasonic cleaning process course. It has been revealed that an increase in oscillations amplitude a piston ultrasonic transducer over 10 … 12 μm leads to qualitatively new effects formation, which make it possible to expand ultrasonic cleaning technological capabilities. Usually, dynamic effects organization during ultrasonic cleaning is associated with cavitation bubbles action capable collapsing with local shock waves formation, pressure of which reaches 1000 atmospheres, narrow cumulative liquid streams directed toward the solid surface, and new fragmentation bubbles-germ. In high-amplitude regimes, various scale hydrodynamic flows play a decisive role for cavitation effects distribution functions formation in working capacity and for occurrence in it of spatial self-organization certain manifestations. Different-scale acoustic flows effect influence on ultrasonic treatment zone erosion activity has been analyzed. Studies have revealed technological zones presence specific for this type of treatment. Ultrasonic cleaning features with direct collapsing cavitation bubbles use are given in the articles. Possibility for expanding active cavitation erosion zone with high-amplitude ultrasonic cleaning is considered. Research conducting allowed to create effective specific technologies and several technological devices, as well as introduce them at leading industrial enterprises.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of traffic control algorithms based on a simulation model in the AnyLogic
Authors: Shamlitskiy Ya I , Mironenko S N , Kovbasa N V , Bezrukova N V , Tynchenko V S , Kukartsev V V
Published: November 2019

The increase in the number of vehicles every year covers an growing number of countries, as a result of which the vehicle fleet of large cities and megalopolises is constantly increasing, as well as the number of people involved in traffic. The growth in traffic leads to the increase in traffic intensity, which in the conditions of cities with historically developed buildings leads to a transport problem. It is particularly acute in the nodal points of the road network. The problems are caused by the increase in transport delays, queuing and congestion, which in turn causes the decrease in the speed of communication, unnecessary consumption of fuel and increased wear of components and assemblies of vehicles. Effective traffic management involves the use of both network and local adaptive control algorithms. City-wide automated system should be based on the principles of maximum management efficiency and reliability of the system.
Value stream mapping method for development of a dynamic model of capacity utilization
Authors: Russkikh P A , Alikin N N , Kapulin D V
Published: November 2019

For multi-product small-scale manufacturing, for example the production of electronic equipment, the searching of methods and tools for production planning is relevant. One of the basic tools for planning is the model of enterprise capacity utilization. The purpose of this research is to develop a model and software allowed the company to calculate the optimal capacity utilization. The paper considers the use of value stream mapping method for development of a manufacturing dynamic model. This method allows creating the interaction logic and collecting data and parameters for each system components. The purpose of the value stream analysis is to find a transit solution from the current production state to a more efficient, which allows loading the production capacity in optimal mode. In the analysis, the manufacturing data of the finished products assembly shop of a radio-electronic enterprise is used. According to the results of use the proposed method, the duration of the assembly process was significantly reduced, which makes it possible to equalize the load of work centers and to reduce the volume of unfinished production.
Study of the point scattering uniform algorithms in R40space
Authors: Stupina A A , Pavlenko A A , Tikhonenko D V , Tynchenko V V , Bukhtoyarov V V , Tynchenko S V
Published: November 2019

The use of randomness in the spread of points in the R40space gives doubts about the stability of using these spreads and the stability of global optimization algorithms predictions that are based on these spreads. The uniformity of the following initial points scatter algorithms is analyzed: LPτ sequence, UDC sequence, uniform random spread in R40. The uniformity of the spread was determined by the distance of the points from the centers of the grid cells in two-dimensional coordinate planes of the R40cube space and by the uniformity of the projections of the points on the coordinate axes in these planes. The authors identified the features of using the points spread algorithms when the number of points is multiple to two and not multiple to two. The UDC sequence is the best initial point spread algorithm in the R40space by two uniformity factors. LPτ sequence is at the second place and recently used uniform random scatter is at the third place.
Problem of the selection of genetic algorithm initial configuration
Authors: Timofeev N A , Peresunko P V , Nekhonoshin S R , Kukartsev V V , Tynchenko V V , Mikhalev A S
Published: November 2019

The genetic algorithm is one of the most well-known and frequently used global optimization algorithms. The software implementation of the algorithm in many programming languages and the development of various modifications of the selection parameters only encourage authors to analyze the GA parameters and search for their optimal values. Many works are trying to answer the question: what values of input parameters should be used for a greater likelihood of successfully finding the result. However, they only consider a specific set of parameters. This article describes the entire set of GA output parameters and draws up a recommendation for choosing initial values. Favorable sets of parameter values were found. Based on these sets, it is possible to customize them for specific tasks. This study provides an example of using these sets to solve the problem of determining the parameters of a welded beam. The results were obtained corresponding to the best values of similar studies. It is important to note that in solving this problem, an initial set of parameters was already formulated, which facilitated the search for a global minimum.
Automation of university curriculum construction using didactic unit arrays
Authors: Lozitskaya E V , Chzhan E A , Kukartsev V V , Tynchenko V S
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to new approach to the automated analysis and synthesis of university curriculum, based on the use of an array of didactic units from which are used to make educational chains. These chains are the base for educational disciplines. Thus, a “bottom-up” process is provided from didactic units through modules and training disciplines to a curriculum.
Analysis of the modern science and technology in the context of the concept of CDIO
Authors: Goncharov V N , Nesmeyanov E E , Kolosova O U , Arutyunyan V V , Ivashova V A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents modern trends in science and technology of the beginning of the 21st century and the response of engineering education to the current needs of society. The analysis of publications is made, in which methodological approaches are presented in the design of innovations in science and technology. The opinions of the regional engineering community of the agrarian sector and the sphere of IT-technologies are studied regarding the possibilities of implementing CDIO standards in programs for the training of professional engineers. The comparative analysis of opinions about the ideal attributes of the future engineers expressed by the engineering community, it is significantly differing in character and objects of professional activity and they made it possible to speak on the example of practical industrial activity about the manifestation of general trends in the development of science and technology. There remains a need for understanding innovative trends in engineering activity articulated both at the level of the global scientific community and at the level of regional engineering practice.
Frames, their relatives and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces
Authors: Speckbacher Michael , Balazs Peter
Published: November 2019

This paper considers different facets of the interplay between reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) and stable analysis/synthesis processes: first, we analyze the structure of the reproducing kernel of a RKHS using frames and reproducing pairs. Second, we present a new approach to prove the result that finite redundancy of a continuous frame implies atomic structure of the underlying measure space. Our proof uses the RKHS structure of the range of the analysis operator. This in turn implies that all the attempts to extend the notion of Riesz basis to general measure spaces are fruitless since every such family can be identified with a discrete Riesz basis. Finally, we show how the range of the analysis operators of a reproducing pair can be equipped with a RKHS structure.
The study of maintenance frequency during the warranty period of operation
Authors: Bulatov S V
Published: November 2019

Due to the high cost of car warranty repairs, it is expedient to optimize car maintenance (CM) during the warranty of their operation. It is necessary to analyze the economic feasibility of technological operations in the performance of routine work during the warranty period. The appeal of car owners to the service station is associated with the emergence of various kinds and nature of car malfunctions in the operation. In order to save personal time, car owners, especially during the warranty period, combine troubleshooting with maintenance. In this regard, it is advisable to take into account the actual indicators of their reliability when determining the optimal frequency of maintenance of vehicles.
Limitation of dynamic loads in the mine hoist based on the elastic torque feedbacks
Authors: Kuznetsov N K , Iov I A , Dolgih E S
Published: November 2019

In this article the results of a study of the efficiency of using feedbacks on the elastic torque are presented using the example of a three-mass calculating scheme. Feedbacks are synthesized based on the solution of the inverse dynamic problems according to given law of variation of the elastic torque in order to limit the dynamic loads in a single-end mine hoist. It is shown that the application of the proposed method of synthesis allowed determining not only the structure but also the parameters of feedback, which provide the desired character of transient processes. The results of a numerical study of the effectiveness of the proposed control system for limiting dynamic loads in the mine hoisting machine C1.2×1.0 are presented.
Analysis of the reliability of the power cable of an electric-centrifugal pump unit
Authors: Suleimanov R I , Khabibullin M Ya , Suleimanov Re I
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to assessing the reliability of the cable line installation of an electric-centrifugal pump. Based on the analysis of the time between failures, the probability of failure-free operation of the cable line of the ESP installation was calculated to determine the time of scheduled repair.
Modeling of objects for reception and storage of spent nuclear fuel
Authors: Yakovlev P V , Piskunov V M , Lebedev V A , Panasenko N N
Published: November 2019

Facilities for the storage of nuclear fuel are distinguished from other objects by high standards of safety in any operating conditions. A feature of these structures is the large thickness of the walls and floors. This feature should be taken into account in the calculations of seismic effects and thermal stresses caused by uneven temperature fields in concrete. In the work, calculations of joint effects on the building of thermal stresses and earthquakes are made. The calculations allowed us to distinguish the features of the deformation of concrete structures.
Resilient architecture; a design approach to counter terrorism in building for safety of occupants
Authors: Okeke F O , Chendo I G , Sam amobi C G
Published: November 2019

The intensity of fear of insecurity has increased in 21st century due to the frequency and global spread of terrorism. Homes, public infrastructures and utilities have been damaged; physical and psychological injuries inflicted; economic fortunes wrecked in a minute; many rendered homeless and lives lost as a result of terrorism and threats to terrorism. Historically, bombs and explosives have been a favourite tactic of terrorists, this is because ingredients for homemade bombs are effortlessly obtained in the open market, as are the techniques for its construction and also are easy and quick to execute. However, one area counter terrorism strategy has been universally identical is in architecture and urban planning. The aim of this paper is to reveal the need for a change in ideological approach to design by architects and planners in Nigeria in order to safeguard the environment. It discusses architectural design approach to counter terrorism in building for occupant’s safety and draws analogy from the defensive architecture of ancient times. The paramount theme is on terrorist attack with regards to explosive and bomb, the focus is on an approach that limits damage or mitigates damage rather than a blast-resistant approach. The study employed the use of case study research method with extensive review of literature of the past and present approach to counter terrorism. The result highlights some practical security design strategy that will improve occupant’s safety within a structure if incorporated in architectural designs. This will also facilitate evacuation efforts and enhance rescue endeavour in an unlikely incidence of terror attack. It concludes and advocate for a proactive design strategy for buildings in Nigeria.
Benefits of Human Resource Information Systems in a South African Construction Organisation
Authors: Ngwenya L , Aigbavboa C , Thwala W
Published: November 2019

This study assessed the impact of Human resource information system (HRIS) within a large construction organisation in South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative research approach and used descriptive statistics to analyse the data gathered. Research respondents consisted of twenty-seven persons from the human resource department in an identified construction company in Gauteng, South Africa. The study revealed that HRIS is a management system in accordance with the legislation governing labour relations in the country which provides a clear vision of the business and saves time. Also, it minimises errors that are caused by human factor. This paper offers an overview of HRIS on Human Resource Management. Thus, highlighting its benefits thereof.
Housing affordability among low-income earners in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Adegun O B , Joseph A , Adebusuyi A M
Published: November 2019

Ability to afford a decent house is a critical aspect of human well-being. This study seeks to understand housing affordability among low-income earners in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. We conducted a survey that involves administering questionnaire to 100 randomly selected Akure residents who are employed in the junior category within public and private organisations. Most of the respondents – over 73% have monthly household income under N100,000. 81.3% of the respondents live in rented houses, while 13.3% owned where they lived. Being able to afford decent housing is a challenge as 90.7% of the respondents spent up to 25% of their total household income on rent. Majority (62.7%) agreed that their housing is not affordable, as paying rent affects spending for other household needs especially, children’s school fees and food. We recommend that stakeholders need to provide incentives towards affordable housing for their employees in the junior cadre.
Residential housing redevelopment and its impact on Asokoro district of Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Unah M O
Published: November 2019

Recently, both Private and Government Developers embarked on drastic redevelopment of residential housing conversion into commercial and public buildings. However, the changes do not take into considerations social, physical and economic factors. The non-compliance with building regulations and enforcement of designated land use has considerably affected the quality of life for the residents. As an Architectural response, this study examines housing redevelopment and its impact on Asokoro District of Abuja, Nigeria. A quantitative method was adopted in this study, using structured close-ended questionnaires as a means of collecting data. A total of 190 questionnaires were distributed to residents. However, only 180 valid responses were ultimately retrieved. Among the variables examined in this study are (i) The main land uses (ii) the extent of conversion of residential housing into commercial buildings (iii) the reason for conversion and (iv) the socio-economic/environmental implication of the conversion in the study area. The findings indicated that people embarked on Housing redevelopment and conversion in order to provide basic commercial amenities that were not provided by Government. The studies concluded by identifying among others the non-approval of redeveloped buildings plan on already approved building plots as this is contravening in the image of the appropriate authorities.
Premature Project Closure: The Part Played by Clients
Authors: Akinshipe O , Aigbavboa C , Madidimalo M , Thwala W D
Published: November 2019

All projects regardless of complexity, have a documented start and end date. However, some projects may close prematurely because predefined goals cannot be met within the defined schedule. Negligence by one a more project stakeholders can result in premature project closure. This study examines how clients contribute to premature project closure in construction projects within South Africa. The nature of the study is descriptive which was carried out through survey research. A Likert scale structured questionnaire was used to collect data from construction professionals within Gauteng Province of South Africa and retrieved data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that the major clients’ actions that can lead to premature project closure include untimely allocation of resources and setting of unrealistic goals. It was therefore concluded that clients must ensure that projects are properly planned, and the predefined project design and timeline must be appropriately adhered to without much interference. This will reduce the risk of premature project closure.
Assessment of Daylighting Designs in the Selected Museums of South-West Nigeria: A Focus on The Integrated Relevant Energy Efficiency Features
Authors: Aderonmu P , Adesipo A , Erebor E , Adeniji A , Ediae O
Published: November 2019

An examination of the integrated relevant energy efficiency features is emergent to proffer amicable solutions into some tropical buildings and energy issues. This would go a long way to determine the registered thermal comfort levels enjoyable by the users, occupants and dwellers of such buildings. In this regard, great accountability is required on the part of the stakeholders, especially the Architect-designers. This study investigated the daylighting features engaged in the selected museums of South-western states in Nigeria. The integration of natural daylighting into museums spaces is a major factor in determining the positioning and sizing of fenestrations to the interior spaces of most buildings. Especially in Museum building designs where the artefacts are supposedly not to be exposed to the direct rays of the sun. The effects of daylighting exposure to the museum artefacts depends greatly on the length of exposure to light rays and object tolerance. The aim of this project is to carry out an assessment of daylighting designs in the Selected Museums of South-West Nigeria in order to integrate relevant energy efficiency features into the architectural designs. The study methodology engaged questionnaires, interview and literature reviews in order to have an understanding of the daylighting features integrated into Museum buildings. It also examined the relevant energy-design features for integrating daylighting strategies into the Museum designs. Questionnaires were administered and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) through descriptive analysis of the data. The analysis showed that there are parametric-energy design indices in the existing architectural designs that are applicable in forms, spaces, materials, techniques, installation and strategies to museums in the tropical climatic regions. The analysis further showed that the use of domes, clerestory windows, atriums, light tubes and anti-solar glass/windows were considered to be most adequate daylighting features sufficient for daylighting designs and energy efficiency optimization. This study developed an architectural design model of a museum as a canonized exemplar that explores various strategies and techniques on how daylighting can be achieved in the museum spaces. It finally recommended an architectural model design specific to all tropical building species in a holistic form and spaces, and planning. These would enable a high-level patronage and optimization for entrepreneurial benefits within the confine of museums and other culture-related buildings in the tropical climate.
Use of Non-Destructive Tests for Reinforced Concrete Damage Assessment
Authors: Thomas H , Ede A
Published: November 2019

Worldwide, the debilitation of structures over the last few decades has been a cause for concern. This has led to the need to create awareness among engineers, and home owners about the different ways in which a structure can be checked for structural safety. To assess the behavior of new and existing buildings to varying loads over time, numerous methods have been developed and a major breakthrough for concrete and steel structures is the introduction of Non-destructive tests. This project was aimed at highlighting the common methods while also giving an in-depth investigation into the use of Non-destructive tests in Nigeria as well as their efficiency in the determination of building properties. The widely used methods in Nigeria includes: Schmidt hammer test, Ultrasonic pulse velocity test and the Rebar locator test and the properties the tests considered include: strength, surface hardness, homogeneity, reinforcement location and bar size. After successful execution of the tests, it was discovered that the Schmidt hammer is capable of giving an estimate of concrete strength not too far from the strength obtained from carrying out destructive tests on the same sample. From the pulse velocity test, it was observed that the method is not a reliable test of strength but rather, a determinant for uniformity and homogeneity in the tested samples. Thus, it can be concluded that in carrying out assessments of structures, the Schmidt hammer, ultrasonic velocity tester and the rebar locator should simultaneously be used to give a proper assessment on the structural integrity of structures.
Impact of activated–flux tungsten inert gas (a-tig) welding on weld joint of a metal – Review
Authors: Afolalu S A , Soetan S B , Ongbali S O , Abioye A A , Oni A S
Published: November 2019

Welding is applied in every industry and it’s a major method of manufacturing and revamping metal products because its generally economical, efficient and reliable as a means of joining together metals. Various ways have been proposed to improve the process ranging from adjusting the various welding parameters like welding current, voltage, arc length, width, type of shielding gas used, to using arc pulsing. The method that has however gained the most attention is the Activated-flux TIG welding process which utilizes welding flux to help reduce the bead width and increase the weld penetration. In order to improve the TIG welding process’s industrial efficiency and penetration ability, one method commonly applied is the use of activating flux with the welding process. This review provides insight to the impact of Activated - Flux Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on weld joint of a materials metal.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Welded Joints in Tig, Mig and Friction Stir Welding –Review
Authors: Afolalu S A , Ohwofa A O , Ongbali S O , Ajayi O O , Abioye A A
Published: November 2019

In the manufacturing industry today, welding is a very important process needed for fabrications and revamping metal products. Researchers continually look for the best types of welding to be used for various joints. A lot of experiments had been carried out varying welding parameters and studying its effects. This paper basically reviews the residual stress effects on the welded joints of Steel, Magnesium and Aluminium alloy with their experimental analysis. The performances comparison of TIG, MIG and Friction Stir welding were also considered through check of their microstructure, mechanical property, young modulus, stress and yield stress of their welded joints. This has been able to show different behavious resulted from various welding mode of a welded joint.
Geotechnical characteristics of a selected shallow marine area considered for quay wall construction
Authors: Ogunwole D A , Akinwumi I I
Published: November 2019

Quay wall defense systems are useful marine structures for berthing of vessels and other marine operations. Before quay-walls are constructed in shallow marine areas, there is need for adequate subsurface investigation to ensure proper design and construction of quay-walls that will be able to satisfactorily support the facilities they are intended for. This research work focuses on subsurface investigation involving the geotechnical characterization of soil in a selected shallow marine area in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Percussion rigs were used for both the on-land and over-the-water borings. A total of seven (7) on-land and six (6) over-the-water borings, all to a depth of 40 m each below existing ground level and sea bed respectively, were carried out. Field and laboratory tests were performed in order to effectively characterize the soils. Stratigraphy of on-land borings showed soft fibrous organic peaty clay layer, underlain below by silty sands and clays. Beneath this layer to the end of boring is well-graded sands and gravels. The borings over-water had a very soft to soft clay layer underlain by silty-sand, being underlain by poorly-graded sands and well-graded sands to the limits of the borings. Deep foundation systems employing reinforced concrete piles to depths (coinciding with the sandy horizon) were recommended for the on-land piles, reinforced hollow cylindrical steel piles for piers and piles for offshore landing jetties, and concrete sheet piles for shore protection works. This will form the ballasts for mooring of cargo vessels for conveying oil and gas final products.
Stabilization of lateritic soil with cement – oil palm empty fruit bunch ash blend for California bearing ratio base course requirement
Authors: Komolafe O O , Osinubi K J
Published: November 2019

Lateritic soil obtained from a borrow pit at Maya Aladiye, Ijebu – Itokin Road, Ikorodu Local Government Area in Lagos state was classified as an A-6(8) using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) soil classification system or CL using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). It was treated with cement – oil palm empty fruit bunch ash (OPEFBA) blend in stepped concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 % cement as well as 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 % of OPEFBA, respectively, by weight of dry soil. Index, cation exchange capacity (CEC), compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) laboratory tests were carried out on the natural and treated soil specimens. Compaction was done using three different effort levels namely, the British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and the British Standard heavy (BSH). The 2-day CBR values (soaked) of the natural soil for the BSL, WAS and BSH compaction efforts increased from 10, 6 and 8 % to 105, 120 and 110 %, respectively, at an optimum 8 % Cement / 2 % OPEFBA treatment. These CBR values met the 80 % requirement for base course materials with a beneficial environmental advantage of utilizing a palm oil mill waste.
Comparative analysis of microbial loads of molecular potential chain disintegrator (MPCD) and potassium permanganate (PP) in remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil/groundwater in three dimensional (3D) laboratory sand tank model
Authors: Fadugba O G , Olukunle O F , Ola S A , Ojuri O O
Published: November 2019

This paper evaluates the comparative analysis of bacterial loads of molecular potential chain disintegrator (MPCD) and potassium permanganate (PP) in remediation of artificial hydrocarbon contaminated soil and groundwater in 3D laboratory sand tank. Alluvial sand was packed in the sand tank model, and 20 cm chamber was packed with prepared artificial diesel contaminated soil. Free flow of water was allowed through the soil medium from the inlet chamber which was being fed continuously from the storage elevated tank with the discharge port opened at flow rate of 58 ml/min. The remediating agents (MPCD and PP) were prepared differently and introduced through the injection wells (IW) to the sand medium at different experimental design stages. Microbial analysis was carried using standard techniques. The microbial loads of unpolluted soil samples collected from the sand tank model was 3.5 x 104 ± 1.5 Cfu/g while the oil-degraders from the diesel contaminated soil was 9.5 x 104 ± 2 Cfu/g. It could be observed that the population of oil-degraders in the MPCD amended soils and water decreased gradually during the incubation period of 15 days from 36 x 104 ± 4 Cfu/g on day 0 to 12.5 x 104 ± 3.5 Cfu/g for soil samples and from 58.5 x 102 ± 1.35 Cfu/mL to 17.5 x 102 ± 0.5 Cfu/mL for water samples. The decrease in the population of oil-degraders could be attributed to the reduction in the concentration of diesel in the soil and water samples undergoing bioremediation. The composition of the two nutrients (MPCD and PP) can be responsible for the ability of the nutrients to enhance the degradation process.
Failure Trend of Transport Infrastructure in Developing Nations: Cases of Bridge Collapse in Nigeria
Authors: Ede A , Nwankwo C , Oyebisi S , Olofinnade O , Okeke A , Busari A
Published: November 2019

Sustainable transport system must be supported by resilient infrastructure such as bridges. Bridge is an essential transportation structure that offers unique solutions for road and rail traffic to cross rivers, gorges and difficult ground conditions or for reducing conflict points in transportation system by carrying one mode of traffic over the other. Due to its pronounced economic importance to the society, bridge design aspects must go beyond the physical bridge structures and must cover all the factors that impact on the safe operation throughout its serviceable life span. The environment and the obstacle it crosses, the soil which carries it, the self-weight, imposed dead weights and the moving live loads must be adequately taken care of. The considerable conflicting factors of the site’s soil characteristics, river hydrology, ecosystem environmental impact, aesthetics, historical and archaeological impacts, permanent and transient loads, construction technologies and construction materials bring together a vast expertise of professionals. These sizeable factors must be well managed and harnessed by the vast team of experts involved to guarantee a positive outcome. The vast decay of Nigerian transport system is visible in all complimenting infrastructure including bridges. Cases of bridge collapse abound in Nigeria within the last decade. This research studies the failure trends of bridges in Nigeria and forty-five documented cases are considered for the research. Structural health monitoring approaches were combined with statistical measures to assess the causes and to proffer solutions to the failure trend. Poor maintenance, torrential rainfall/flooding, terrorist attacks, faulty design, poor materials and construction quality and truck overloading were found to be the major causes of bridge failures in Nigeria.
Mechanisms of riverbank failure and channel instability on the Nkisi River, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Okeke C A U , Ede A N
Published: November 2019

Sedimentation hazards pose several geoenvironmental problems in active alpine regions and fluvio-deltaic environments. Therefore, this research seeks quantitative knowledge of the mechanisms that trigger riverbank erosion which result in high volumes of sediment yield in the downstream reaches of the Nkisi River. Study of the mechanisms of mass wasting of the riverbanks was motivated by the high rate of siltation and accretion that are currently occurring at the mouth of the Nkisi River, occupying a total surface area of about 40,000 m2. Many riverbank stability and erosion assessment studies have been done using a wide range of geomorphometric and geotechnical analyses which consider the shear strength of the bank materials in relation to the geomorphometric characteristics of the riverbanks. With this insight, this research focuses on investigating the potential causes of riverbank retreat on the river, with particular interest on the effects of soil properties in triggering mass failures. Field surveys and laboratory investigations, coupled with Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) and Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) characterized the riverbanks as unstable and conditionally stable, revealing a potentially high rate of sediment loading from the composite banks, with a factor of safety that varies from 0.76 to 1.04.
Analysis of Euler beam and bar as negative stiffness mechanism in vibrating structures
Authors: Oyelade A O , Sadiq O M
Published: November 2019

Presented here is a new mechanism based on a combination of a bar and Euler beam to illicit negative stiffness in structures. The proposed mechanism consists of an inclined bar, a horizontal Euler beam. The characteristics of the negative stiffness model is presented, and its dynamic features in combination with a vertical spring and damper is investigated under displacement vibration. It was discovered that the design of the mechanical isolator provided a better performance at zero dynamic stiffness during vibration than that of the linear isolator. The proposed mechanism can provide an alternative means of generating negative stiffness within structures.