bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norcantharin ameliorates the development of murine lupus via limiting STAT3-mediated IL-17-producing cell accumulation
Authors: Du Lijun , Feng Yuxiang , He Zhixing , Huang Lin , Li HaiChang , Wen Chengping , Zhang Yun
Published: June 2020

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a devastating autoimmune disorder, results from the aberrant T cell and B cell activation. Norcantharin(NCTD), a derivative of Cantharidin, is an efficacious anti-cancer drug, whereas the role of NCTD in SLE remains unknown. As a result, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of NCTD on the development of murine lupus.Methods: MRL/MpJ and MRL/ lpr female mice were randomly divided into three groups and administered with vehicle control or NCTD at 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg. The mortality rate, auto-antibodies, kidney damage, immune complex deposition and lupus-related inflammation level were tested. Furthermore, the proportion of T/B cells or T cell subsets in splenocytes from each group was monitored using flow cytometry. Finally, double-negative (CD3+CD4-CD8-, DN) T cell proliferation and T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation in vitro as well as regulatory pathways were analyzed for NCTD treatment.Results: NCTD decreased mortality, the accumulation of anti-dsDNA, splenomegaly and inflammation level of lupus mice. In addition, NCTD-treated MRL/ lpr mice showed notably ameliorated renal involvement. Moreover, we found that NCTD reduced DN T cell proliferation and Th17 differentiation via mediating the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Conclusions: NCTD effectively suppressed DN T cell proliferation and Th17 cell polarization, thus ultimately contributing to the attenuated the SLE development. Our results revealed that NCTD may be a promising therapeutic agent for SLE.
360-DEGREE EVALUATION REVIEW APPLIED IN TOP-LEVEL EDUCATION
Authors: Carlos Vázquez Cid de León , Salvador Montesinos González , Abraham Espejo Martínez , Erick Castañeda Martínez Evelio , Corby Martínez Martínez Rigoberto
Published: June 2020

This research paper aims to find and show what was written about the 360 degree assessment, applied to students and university professors. It was found, that the application of this method in medical students is dominant since in this profession not only the accumulation of acquired knowledge, but also the human quality, and the skills they can develop, does not matter. However, in the medical sector today there is a great tension to maintain an excellent service and that has quality in the full extent of the word; in most of the reviewed articles one of the best advantages, shown in the 360 degree evaluation, is that given its nature, it can be used to improve the quality of those, evaluated by speaking from bosses, colleagues, subordinates and clients, as long as the evaluation is done in a proper, honest and well-organized way you get benefits the same as the authors of different works describe them as advantages and disadvantages. The research objective was achieved and a table is provided with the main works, dating from 2013 to 2019, with the aim of providing an update of this topic in 2020.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL CHRISTIAN MUSIC IN THE EARLY MEDIEVAL TIME
Authors: Ryabokin Alina
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the formation of sacred music by Christians in the early Middle Ages. Basing on the historical sources and scientific literature, the authors show a connection between the musical traditions of Rome, the Western Goths of Spain and the empire of Charlemagne. The teaching of professional church singers, the birth of Mass, the complexity of the musical pattern of Christian singing, the educational ideas of Isidore of Seville and Alcuin of York, the metriz school timely opened by Christian mentors – all of it contributed to the formation of the early medieval educational process. Alcuin is the author of many (about 380) Latin instructive, panegyric, hagiographic, and liturgical poems (among the most famous are The Cuckoo (lat. De cuculo) and The Primate and Saints of the York Church (lat. De pontificibus et sanctis Ecclesiae Eboracensis )). Alcuin also wrote puzzles in poetry and prose. Alkuin conducted the extensive correspondence (with Charles the Great, Anguilbert, Pope Leo III and many others, a total of 232 letters to various people); Alcuin's letters are an important source on the history of the Carolingian society. At the Palace Academy, Alquin taught trivium and quadrivia elements; in his work On True Philosophy, he restored the scheme of the seven liberal arts, following Kassiodor’s parallel between the seven arts and the seven pillars of the temple of Wisdom of Solomon. He compiled textbooks on various subjects (some in a dialogical form). The Art of Grammar (lat. Ars grammatica) and the Slovene of the Most Noble Young Man Pipin with Albin Scholastic (Lat. Disputatio regalis et nobilissimi juvenis Pippini cum Albino scholastico) became very famous. Alcuin’s textbooks on dialectics, dogmatics, rhetoric, and liturgy are also known.
The Role of Stigmatization and Infodemics in India During COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Pedapalli Akhil Satya
Published: June 2020

COVID-19, a virulent disease with an unknown source of origin that has its roots in Wuhan, CHINA unfold speedily to quite two hundred countries within the world making panic and creating stigmatization within the general public. In the second-most inhabited country like the Republic of India, the concern and stigmatization are terribly high that makes it tough to contain and manage the transmission of the disease. This article very well describes the spread of misinformation and the ways to combat it and it also throws light into few incidents in Bharat that resulted from stigmatization and concern.
Antitumor Effects of Triterpenes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sureda Antoni , Martorell Miquel , Capó Xavier , Monserrat-Mesquida Margalida , Quetglas-Llabrés Maria Magdalena , Rasekhian Mahsa , Nabavi Seyed M. , Tejada Silvia
Published: June 2020

Background:

Triterpenes are a large group of secondary metabolites mainly produced by
plants with a variety of biological activities, including potential antitumor effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) is a very common primary liver disease spread worldwide. The treatment can consist of
surgical intervention, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic drugs. These drugs mainly
include tyrosine multikinase inhibitors, although their use is limited by the underlying liver disease and
displays side effects. For that reason, the utility of natural compounds such as triterpenes to treat HCC is
an interesting line of research. No clinical studies are reported in humans so far.

Objective:

The aim of the present work is to review the knowledge about the effects of triterpenes as a possible coadjuvant tool to treat HCC.

Results:

In vitro and xenograft models have pointed out the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects as
well as improvements in tumor growth and development of many triterpenes. In addition, they have also
shown to be chemosensitizing agents when co-administered with chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanisms
of action are diverse and involve the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including
JNK, p38 MAPK and ERK, and the survival-associated PI3K / Akt signaling pathway. However, no
clinical studies are still reported in humans.

Conclusion:

Triterpenes could become a future strategy to address HCC or at least improve results
when administered in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.
Pyrazole Derivatives of Medically Relevant Phenolic Acids: Insight into Antioxidative and Anti-LOX Activity
Authors: Milovanović Vesna , Petrović Zorica D. , Novaković Slađana , Bogdanović Goran A. , Simijonović Dušica , Mladenović Milan , Branković Jovica , Petrović Vladimir P.
Published: June 2020

Background:

From the point of view of medicinal chemistry, compounds containing phenolic
and pyrazolic moiety are significant since they are often constituents of bioactive compounds.

Objective:

The aims of this study were to synthesize pyrazole derivatives of medically relevant phenolic
acids, confirm their structure, and evaluate their antioxidative and anti-LOX activities.

Methods:

Phenolic pyrazole derivatives were obtained, starting from esters of medically relevant phenolic
acids. The structures of all obtained compounds were determined by NMR and IR spectroscopy, and
UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In addition, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used. Pyrazole derivatives
were tested for their in vitro antioxidative (DPPH assay), and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activities.
Radical quenching mechanism was estimated using DFT and thermodynamic approach, while
molecular docking was used to estimate the binding mode within the enzyme.

Results:

Pyrazole derivatives were obtained in high yields. The crystal structure of a new compound 3e
was determined. Pyrazole derivative with catechol moiety 3d exhibited excellent radical scavenging activity,
while compound 3b exhibited the best anti-LOX activity. Molecular docking study revealed that
there is no direct interaction of any ligand with the active site of LOX-Ib, but pyrazoles 3a-e behave as
inhibitors blocking the approach of linoleic acid to the active site.

Conclusion:

In this research, protocatechuic and vanillic acid pyrazole derivatives have been obtained for the first time. In vitro antioxidative assay suggests that pyrazole derivate of protocatechuic acid is a powerful radical scavenger, while anti-LOX assay indicates
a pyrazole derivative with 4-hydroxyphenyl moiety.
Socio-Economic Situation and Substance Use Disorder Influences on Safety Practices among Truckers
Authors: Ajayi Adeyinka P. , Mazinyo Sonwabo P.
Published: June 2020

Background:

The study examined the nexus between Social Economic Situation (SES) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and the influence the two exerted on willingness to comply with Health Safety and Environment (HSE) guiding the conveyance of petroleum products among truckers in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria.

Methods:

Multistage and simple random sampling techniques were utilized to obtain the 265 respondents who are professional haulers and necessary information on the study objectives were obtained through self-reporting designed questionnaire. Bivariate statistical analysis and Logistic Regression Model were also used in ascertaining the existence of relationships among the dependent and independent variables.

Results:

The result from the bivariate analysis showed the existence of an association between two SES variables of age [X2(9) 17.05, p=0.04] and literacy level[X2 (9) 41.36 p=0.00] and SUD. While the marital status of the respondents did not significantly influence the incidences of SUD [X2(9) 9.841p=0.36].Furthermore, a Logistic Regression Model (LRM) examined the relationship between dichotomous dependent variable (compliance or non-compliance to HSE stipulations guiding the conveyance of petroleum products) and the different independent explanatory variables (Age, Marital Status, Educational Status and SUD). The Wald criterion demonstrated that marital status (p=.000), educational status (p=.000) and attitude to SUD (p=.000) all made significant contributions to the prediction (compliance) while age (p=.861) was not a significant predictor.

Conclusion:

The study recommends the importance of non-economic factors (like literacy and marital status) in the achievement of sustainable HSE stipulations guiding the conveyance of petroleum products.
Apelin/Apelin Receptor System: Molecular Characteristics, Physiological Roles, and Prospects as a Target for Disease Prevention and Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Kinjo Toshihiko , Higashi Hiroshi , Uno Kyosuke , Kuramoto Nobuyuki
Published: June 2020

Background:

Among the various orphan G protein-coupled receptors, apelin receptor (APJ), originally identified in the
human genome as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, was deorphanised in 1998 with the discovery of its endogenous ligand, apelin. Apelin and APJ mRNA are widely expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system in mammals.

Objective:

In this review, we discuss the characteristics, pharmacology, physiology, and pathology of the apelin/APJ system in mammals.

Conclusion:

Several physiological roles of the apelin/APJ system have been reported, including in homeostasis, cardiovascular
maintenance, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. In cellular signaling, apelin has been shown to drive the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and PKA
signaling pathways, leading to cell proliferation and protection from excitotoxicity. Apelin is also found in breast milk; therefore,
apelin is believed to contribute to the establishment of the infant immune system. Furthermore, activation of the apelin/APJ system is
reported to restore muscular weakness associated with aging. Thus, the apelin/APJ system represents a novel target for the prevention
of several important cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and the maintenance of health during old age.
Energy Efficient Configurable Layout of Logic Block in QCA Frame Work for an FPGA
Authors: Das Kunal , Sadhu Arindam , Sarkar Rimpa Dey , De Debashis , Kanjilal Maitreyi Ray
Published: June 2020

Aims:

Embedded system plays a vital role in today’s life. Hence, our interest is in areadelay-
energy efficient embedded system design in post-CMOS technology, i.e., QCA.

Objectives:

The research is focused on efficient area-delay-energy Configurable Logic Block (CLB)
design for Field-Programmable Gate Array architecture (FPGA) with successful simulation-based on
next-generation technology, Quantum-dot cellular automata.

Methods:

Each proposed circuit is designed on post CMOS 4 dot 2 electron technology, i.e. QCA
(Quantum dot Cellular Automata), is adopted in circuit implementation due to low power dissipation,
high clock frequency and high package density. QCADesigner is used to verify the functionality of
every circuit. QCAPro tool is used for determining power dissipation.

Results:

In contrast, a new approach of using de-multiplexer replacing the decoder has been introduced
that results in the reduction of the average energy dissipation by almost 57%. A NOR based D
flip-flop memory architecture and multiplexer are also used in the lookup table for the configurable
logic block. The proposed architecture thus reduces the overall latency. The proposed CLB consists of
6356 QCA cells covering 7.44 um2 area. Write and read latency of proposed CLB are 12 and 7.25
QCA clock, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present paper concludes that read and write latency reduction occurs; average energy
dissipation, leakage, and switching energy dissipation are reduced in a large amount resulting in an
advantage of the overall minimization of the latency for the proposed CLB in the process.
Whither the Protection for Cyberstalking Victims? Some evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Hamin Zaiton , Wan Rosli Wan Rosalili
Published: June 2020

Cyberstalking leads to a chain of reactions such as identity theft, rape, and even murder. Despite the severe ramifications of cyberstalking, the perception of the adequacy of the law and the legal protection for victims remain ambiguous. This paper aims at examining the perception of the criminalisation of such crime, the gendered nature of such crime and the attendant legal protection for its victims. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology. The preliminary findings revealed that such crime is not considered as a gendered crime and there exists ambivalence on the perception of the crime and the legal protection of victims.   
Keywords: Cyber Stalking, Criminalisation, Gender, Secondary Victimisation, Victim-Blaming Mentality.   
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2297
Migrant Workers with Social Security in Malaysia: Are they being discriminated against?
Authors: Mohd Akahsah Namirah , Abd Razak Muhammad Faliq , Mohammd Na’aim Mohd Safri , Tajudin Ainul Mardhiyyah
Published: June 2020

Migration and cross-border mobility of workers are expected to further intensify in the coming years as the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) works towards a full regional integration. Malaysia is one of the countries that receive migrant workers supplied by sending countries in ASEAN. The initial finding shows that migrant workers in Malaysia face discriminatory treatment, with insufficient legal coverage under the existing laws. Using the qualitative research methodology, this article analyses the coverage and protection given under existing laws to migrant workers, which would ensure basic social and labour protection and with reference to International Labour Standard.
Keywords: Migrant workers; Discriminatory Treatment; Social and Labour protection; International Labour Standard
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2298
A Conceptual Framework of Design and Material Process of Bagasse for Furniture Application
Authors: Safian Shahril , Ahmad Mohammad Azroll , Bahari Shahril Anuar , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor
Published: June 2020

This conceptual framework uses bagasse as potential material for furniture design application. Bagasse has been used as an industrial material manufacturing process, some information detected in furniture manufacturing literature. Aims, to identify bagasse in the form of biocomposite material that able used in furniture application. This research was undertaken, where research methods were developed and the material was tested, documented and analysed to inform this biocomposite in furniture design development process. The objective provided new knowledge on bagasse as potential material for furniture design application. This paper acts as material processing outlines and provides preliminary evaluation for final phase results.   
Keywords: Conceptual framework; material process; bagasse; furniture design.   
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2304
Characteristic of Local Pelangi Cloth Motifs
Authors: Samin Mohd Azhar , Legino Rafeah
Published: June 2020

‘Pelangi’ cloth flourished locally circa 18th century. Began to decline then extinct due to the development of the Batik industry around the 1930s. In the 1960s, the tie and dye textiles were spread across the world that often mistaken by the community as ‘Pelangi’ cloth, although the design characteristics were different. The objectives of this study are to identify the elements and to show how the textile motifs design features are. This research used field study methods, interviews and library studies. The novelty of this study is to reveal the actual character to avoid misinterpretation and misperception of the community.   
Keywords: Characteristic, Cloth, Local ‘Pelangi’, Motif.   
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2308
Dermatoskopija u dijagnostici različitih kliničkih tipova melanoma
Authors: Majnarić Tea , Prpić Massari Larisa
Published: June 2020

Melanom je zloćudni tumor kože i sluznica, izrazito sklon ranom limfogenom i hematogenom metastaziranju. Incidencija melanoma povećava se u cijelom svijetu, stoga je melanom sve značajniji javnozdravstveni problem. Dermatoskopija je neinvazivna dijagnostička metoda koja omogućuje vizualizaciju morfoloških struktura melanocitnih i nemelanocitnih kožnih promjena koje nisu vidljive golim okom te tako povezuje klinički pregled i patohistološku dijagnostiku. U analizi se koristi algoritam u dva koraka kojim se u prvom koraku procjenjuje je li promjena melanocitna ili nemelanocitna na temelju nazočnosti struktura kao što su pigmentna mreža, točke i globuli, homogena pigmentacija, radijalni tračci i paralelni uzorak. Ako je promjena melanocitna, u drugom koraku određujemo radi li se o dobroćudnoj ili zloćudnoj promjeni pomoću brojnih metoda kao što su analiza uzorka, lista sedam točaka, ABCD metoda te Menziesova metoda. Kod većine melanoma, neovisno o metodi koju koristimo, dermatoskopijom uočavamo neke od specifičnih kriterija za ovaj zloćudni tumor, a to su atipična pigmentna mreža, atipične točke i globuli, plavo-bijeli veo, nepravilni tračci, atipični vaskularni uzorak, asimetrična pigmentacija i regresijske strukture. No, pojedini klinički tipovi imaju i svoja specifična obilježja. Stoga, u ovom radu prikazujemo dermatoskopska obilježja vezana uz određeni tip melanoma, što dodatno omogućuje predviđanje patohistološke dijagnoze, prognoze i ishoda bolesti. Razvojem dermatoskopije došlo je do velikog napretka u ranoj dijagnostici melanoma, koja je preduvjet uspješnog liječenja.
Prijevremeni porođaj
Authors: Barišić Anita , Finderle Aleks
Published: June 2020

Prijevremeni porođaj jedan je od vodećih svjetskih zdravstvenih problema i prioriteta. Iako postoje standardizirani globalni indikatori za optimizaciju sakupljanja i izvještavanja podataka, oni su još uvijek neprimjereni za međunarodnu usporedbu. Ovim kratkim preglednim člankom prikazane su aktualne spoznaje i kontroverze vezane uz definiciju, epidemiologiju te uzroke prijevremenog porođaja, utemeljene na najnovijim rezultatima opažajnih i pokusnih istraživanja te sustavnih pregleda i metaanaliza.
Individualized Apartment Accommodation for People With Intellectual Disability: Protocol for a Qualitative Study Examining the Well-Being and Support Outcomes Linking Housing and Health
Authors: Carnemolla Phillippa
Published: June 2020

Background

Understanding the outcomes associated with both receiving and providing support to people with intellectual disability in specific settings can facilitate the alignment of health providers, community care providers, architects, and urban planners to strengthen levels of autonomy and community participation of people with intellectual disability living in the community. This study explores the impact of providing support (available 24 hours a day) for people with intellectual disability in a high-density apartment. It seeks the perspectives of people with intellectual disability who have moved into an apartment from a group home (where 4-6 people with disability live), their families, and support staff. It will enable comparison between two models of supported accommodation, group homes and individualized apartments, in a community setting.

Objective

The aims of this study are to explore the impact of an individualized apartment model of supported accommodation in a high-density setting on the well-being, autonomy, and participation of people with intellectual disability living and receiving support; the experience of providing care or support; and how this setting impacts the logistics of how quality support is provided.

Methods

Qualitative research methods were employed as the primary means of collecting and analyzing data. There are two main sources of data in this study: (1) semistructured interviews with participants in up to 3 waves (pre, post 1, and post 2) and (2) pre- and postoccupancy evaluation data on the design, layout, and location details of the built environments. Coded interview data will be paired with pre- and postoccupancy evaluations of the two accommodation settings.

Results

As of May 2020, we have recruited 55 participants. There have been 96 interviews conducted in 2 waves with people who have moved into supported accommodation, families, and staff. Collected data are currently being analyzed. We expect the results of the trial to be published in a peer-reviewed journal in late 2020.

Conclusions

This paper sets out a study of an alternative housing and support model for people with intellectual disability. It will capture personal experiences of people with intellectual disability receiving support in an apartment compared to their experiences in a group home. It will also capture the experiences of support staff working in the new setting and reveal how this differs from a group home setting. The inclusion of pre (group home) and post (apartment integrated into a community setting) measures addresses evaluative and comparative questions around the nature and impacts of the small-scale apartment and support model for both those who live and receive support, and those who support them.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/18248
Trends in Web Searches About the Causes and Treatments of Autism Over the Past 15 Years: Exploratory Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Saposnik Florencia E , Huber Joelene F
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Ninety percent of adults in the United States use the internet, and the majority of internet users report looking on the web for health information using search engines. The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), uncertainty surrounding its etiology, and variety of intervention approaches contribute to questions about its causes and treatments. It is not known which terms people search most frequently about ASD and whether web search queries have changed over time. Infodemiology is an area of health informatics research using big data analytics to understand web search behavior.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives were to (1) use infodemiological data to analyze trends in web-based searches about the causes and treatments of ASD over time and (2) inform clinicians and ASD organizations about web queries regarding ASD.

METHODS

Google Trends was used to analyze web searches about the causes and treatments of ASD in the United States from 2004 to 2019. The search terms analyzed for queries about causes of ASD included vaccines, genetics, environmental factors, and microbiome and those for therapies included applied behavior analysis (ABA), gluten-free diet, chelation therapy, marijuana, probiotics, and stem cell therapy.

RESULTS

Google Trends results are normalized on a scale ranging from 0 to 100 to represent the frequency and relative interest of search topics. For searches about ASD causes, vaccines had the greatest frequency compared to other terms, with an initial search peak observed in 2008 (scaled score of 81), reaching the highest frequency in 2015 (scaled score of 100), and a current upward trend. In comparison, searches about genetics, environmental factors, and microbiome occurred less frequently. For web searches about ASD therapies, ABA consistently had a high frequency of search interest since 2004, reaching a maximum scaled score of 100 in 2019. The analyses of chelation therapy and gluten-free diet showed trending interest in 2005 (scaled score of 68) and 2007 (scaled score of 100), respectively, followed by a steady decline since (scaled scores of only 10 and 16, respectively, in 2019). Searches related to ASD and marijuana showed a rise in 2009 (scaled score of 35), and they continue to trend upward. Searches about probiotics and stem cell therapy have been relatively low (scaled scores of 22 and 18, respectively), but are gradually gaining interest. Web search volumes for stem cell therapy in 2019 surpassed both gluten-free diet and chelation therapy as web-searched interventions for ASD.

CONCLUSIONS

Google Trends is an effective infodemiology tool to analyze large-scale web search trends about ASD. The results showed informative variation in search trends over 15 years. These data are useful to inform clinicians and organizations about web queries on topics related to ASD, identify knowledge gaps, and target web-based education and knowledge translation strategies.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF LAMOTRIGINEUSING DISCRETE SUPER DISINTEGRANTS AND COPROCESSED EXCIPIENTS
Authors: POONURU RAJASEKHAR , CHERUKU ROHINI , JULURI PAVAN , JABEEN KHADEERA , SREERAMULA SWETHA , BANDARI SNEHA , MADUPU AKHILA
Published: June 2020

Objective: The present study was designed to formulate and evaluate the orodispersible tablets of lamotrigine after enhancing its solubility.

Methods: Lamotrigine was made into an inclusion complex with eudragit E 100 my kneading and mass extrusion method and later this mixture is compressed into orodispersible tablet using various super disintegrants and co-processed excipients to reduce the disintegration time for providing prompt action through rapid drug release.

Results: Lamotrigine ODTs containing F-melt (F1-3%, F2-5%) dispersed in lesser time of (9±0.11) and (21±0.58) compared to formulations with polyplasdone XL-10 and primellose as super disintegrants respectively with F1 showing short wetting time. The water absorption was also was found to be more for formulation with 3% F-Melt.

Conclusion: Lamotrigine orodispersible tablets were prepared by direct compression technique by using 3% and 5% of three super disintegrants (f-melt, primellose and polyplasdone XL-10). Disintegration time of F1 (3% f-melt) formulation was found to be least (7 sec).
STUDY OF POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG EIGHT MAJOR DEPARTMENTS-GENERAL MEDICINE, ORTHOPEDICS, GYNECOLOGY, PULMONOLOGY, GENERAL SURGERY, PSYCHIATRY, OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND DERMATOLOGY OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN INDIA
Authors: JABEEN TALHA , KHADER MOHD ABDUL , BABU A. V. KISHORE , RAO A. SRINIVASA
Published: June 2020

Objective: To identify frequency, type, severity and predictors of potential drug-drug interactions(pDDIs), potential drug-food interactions(pDFIs), potential drug-alcohol interactions(pDAIs) and potential drug-tobacco interactions(pDTIs) and most frequently interacting drug combination pairs in hospitalized patients from departments(depts) of General Medicine(GM), Orthopedic(Ortho), Gynecology(OBG), Pulmonology(Pulmo), General Surgery (GS), Psychiatry (Psych), Otolaryngology(ENT) and Dermatology (Derm) of study population.

Methods: A Prospective Observational Study was conducted in eight major dept's of a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6 mo. A sample size of 650 prescriptions reflecting admission no's for each department were used.

Results: A total of 650 patients were included in the study. Among them, 282(43.4%) were males and 368(56.6%) were females. The mean age of the study population was 39.67±15.23. A total of 487 pDDIs, 734 pDFIs, 586 pDAIs and 159 pDTIs were found out of 650 hospitalized episodes. OBG showed the highest pDDIs and pDAIs. Highest pDFIs and pDTIs were seen in Pulmo. The majority of DDIs were minor, DFIs and DAIs were moderate and DTIs were of major in severity. Pharmacokinetic types of interactions were seen in the majority of the depts. Logistic regression analysis showed that Polypharmacy was associated with the occurrence of DIs. Most of the DIs repeated several times in particular depts and a list of these combinations was prepared.

Conclusion: With the high occurrence of overall DIs and characteristic patterns of DIs combination pairs among different departments of the hospital, the presence of clinical pharmacists in hospitals can play a great role, especially in developing nations like India where their role in hospitalized settings is always controversial.
CARVEDILOL AS A POTENTIAL ADDITION TO THE COVID-19 THERAPEUTIC ARSENAL
Authors: MD. NAKHLE AYOUB
Published: June 2020

No single therapeutic agent has been recognized so far as the ultimate treatment for COVID-19 and many treatment strategies rely on associating different medications with proven or hypothetical anti-viral effects. Carvedilol is a third-generation beta-blocker displaying potential inhibitory properties on several key enzymatic processes and pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses replication, in addition to the modulatory effect on several inflammatory messengers of COVID-19. These data could provide a reasonable hypothetical background for further investigating specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects and could pave the way for further clinical verification.
Tendencias genéticas y fenotípicas para pico productivo, rendimiento lechero y persistencia de lactación en la raza Murciano-Granadina
Authors: Miranda Alejo Judith Carmen , León Jurado Jose Manuel , Pieramati Camillo , Gómez Carpio Mayra Mercedes , Valdés Hernández Jesús , Barba Capote Cecilio José
Published: June 2020

El objetivo fue evaluar las tendencias genéticas (TG) y fenotípicas (TF) para los caracteres de pico productivo (PP), rendimiento lechero (RL) y persistencia de la lactación (P) en la curva de lactación de la raza Murciano-Granadina (MG). Para ello se utilizaron 180,872 lactaciones, de 85,404 cabras (registros históricos de 1990-2012). Para la obtención de los caracteres de interés (PP, RL y P) se realizó la biomodelación de curvas de lactación mediante el modelo Spline usando el software “R”. Los valores genéticos (VG) se obtuvieron mediante modelo animal univariado con observaciones repetidas, empleándose el paquete MTDFREML. Las TG y TF se estimaron vía mínimos cuadrados en una regresión del promedio de los VG e información productiva conocida según el año de nacimiento. En el cálculo de las TG y TF se obtuvieron coeficientes de regresión lineal (b), donde los valores b para PP, RL y P fueron de +0.00071, +0.00698; +0.00114, +0.01117 y +0.00002, -0.00076; respectivamente. El trayecto de TG, TF de PP y RL se comportó de la misma manera siguiendo una línea de tendencia ascendente con presencia de intervalos de crecimiento y decrecimiento. La TG de P mostró un comportamiento estacional y la TF fue descendente con puntos más consistentes en su recorrido; reforzando la idea de que altas producciones van en detrimento de la P. Estos resultados permiten informar a los criadores del comportamiento de estos caracteres y considerar la incorporación de la persistencia de la lactación como criterio de selección en el programa genético de la raza.
Factores asociados al decomiso de hígados positivos a Fasciola sp en una zona endémica del sureste de México
Authors: Ojeda-Robertos Nadia Florencia , González-Garduño Roberto , Cornelio-Cruz Santiago , Peralta-Torres Jorge Alonso , Luna-Palomera Carlos , Machain-Williams Carlos , Zarza Heliot , Torres-Chablé Oswaldo Margarito , Reyes-Novelo Enrique , Baak-Baak Carlos , Chay-Canul Alfonso
Published: June 2020

El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia por decomiso de hígados con daños atribuidos a la presencia de Fasciola sp y los factores de riesgo asociados. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo observacional en el que se efectuaron visitas diarias durante un periodo de 12 meses, a un rastro municipal en la zona Sierra del estado de Tabasco. El 25.8 % de los hígados fueron positivos a la presencia del parásito, siendo el decomiso por sexo igual para machos y hembras (X2 = 0.011, gl= 1, P<0.05). La mayor proporción de decomiso, se concentró en la época de lluvias (9.36 %). Se concluye que la prevalencia de la fasciolosis en la zona de Jalapa no ha disminuido en los últimos años y está relacionada con el origen del animal. La fasciolosis es una enfermedad que debe ser monitoreada para detectar los factores que permiten su permanencia en una región geográfica, con el fin de poder establecer y plantear medidas estratégicas de control y de prevención adaptadas a las condiciones particulares de las zonas endémicas.
Medición del clima organizacional en una Pyme del sector servicios de la región centro de Hidalgo
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Jocelyn Estrella , Martínez Muñoz Enrique , Duana Avila Danae , Hernández Gracia Tirso Javier
Published: June 2020

En los últimos años, se han incrementado las Pymes, principalmente las del sector servicios, las cuales ofrecen innumerables oportunidades para estimular el crecimiento y el empleo en un país. Sin embargo, pese a que las Pymes son el pilar fundamental de las organizaciones modernas, en los últimos años se ha frenado su crecimiento debido a la baja productividad que han tenido.

 Una de las debilidades de los directivos de las Pymes, es el no considerar a sus empleados como clientes internos, olvidan que ellos reflejan la filosofía, los valores, la calidad y el servicio que brinda la empresa; por lo tanto, dejan de lado el ambiente laboral y los empresarios dan por hecho que les proporcionan a sus empleados las herramientas necesarias para que desarrollen sus funciones y se desempeñen adecuadamente.

 En la presente investigación, se plantea el estudio para medir el clima organizacional en una Pyme del sector de servicios del estado de Hidalgo, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a sus trabajadores, con la finalidad de conocer la percepción que estos tienen acerca del ambiente que les rodea en la empresa. Una vez procesada la información, se obtuvieron resultados alarmantes, los cuales indicaron que la empresa tiene un clima organizacional con un nivel bajo, esto quiere decir que los empleados carecen de motivación, compromiso y no están satisfechos.

 Ante este análisis, sus dirigentes podrían implementar acciones para conducir la gestión de cambios en su clima laboral y logren planificar técnicas que influyan en los trabajadores para que en estos exista un sentimiento de pertenencia que los motive a mejorar su desempeño y con ello, se incremente la productividad, se optimicen los servicios para ser más competitivos y se aseguren la permanencia de la empresa en el mercado.
Overview of the most significant coronavirus infections in veterinary medicine
Authors: Nisavic Jakov , Milic Nenad , Radalj Andrea
Published: June 2020

Background. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have been recognized in veterinary virology
for a long time and comprise a large group of RNA viruses responsible for
enteric, respiratory, hepatic, and neurologic diseases in a variety of
animal species and humans. These viruses are very adaptable considering
their highly error-prone replication process and recombination ability,
resulting in remarkable mutability and efficient expansion of their host
range and tissue tropism. Scope and Approach. In the recent past, after the
outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2012, CoVs became a
research focus in the scientific community. Moreover, the ongoing SARS-CoV-2
pandemic raised more questions concerning the threats posed by these
viruses. Several significant examples of coronaviruses jumping the species
barrier and changing their tropism have been reported in the past, and novel
viruses of both animals and humans have appeared as a consequence. This
paper reviews some of the examples of CoV mutability and the most notable
animal coronaviruses of veterinary relevance. Key Findings and Conclusions.
There is still no proof that the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted
to humans from domestic animals, and its recent cross-species jump is
currently being intensively researched. Intensified and diverse human
activities that lead to the disruption of ecosystems contribute to the
increased risk of contact with animals that might represent virus
reservoirs. The need for constant surveillance of CoVs and expanded studies
of their virological traits, mutation mechanisms, diversity, prophylactic
and therapeutic measures highlight the key role of both veterinarians and
medical doctors in order to preserve the health of the human population.
Ensuring Online Learning Quality: Perspectives from the State University of New York
Authors: Muller Kristyn , Scalzo Kim A , Pickett Alexandra M , Dubuc Lisa , Dugan Lawrence , McCabe Ryan , Pelz William , Simiele Donna
Published: June 2020

As online learning continues to grow within higher education, it is important for colleges and universities to ensure that they are delivering quality online courses and programs. This paper will discuss the evaluation and assessment of online learning from an institutional perspective. Open SUNY, the system-wide office of online education that supports and services the State University of New York (SUNY), has developed a process using the Online Learning Consortium’s (OLC) Quality Scorecard for the Administration of Online Programs to help SUNY campuses examine and improve the quality of online learning. The first half of this paper will describe the development of that tool and the implementation of the Open SUNY Institutional Readiness Process. The second half of this paper will explain the OLC Quality Scorecard standards for the Evaluation & Assessment section and provide examples of best practices from four different SUNY community colleges.
Attitudes towards technology among distance education students: Validation of an explanatory model
Authors: Romero Martínez Sonia J. , Ordóñez-Camacho Xavier G. , Guillen-Gamez Francisco David , Bravo Agapito Javier
Published: June 2020

Attitudes towards technology are preconceived notions that have an effect on the teaching-learning process and on the academic-professional performance of students, in particular those who use technology as a means of study. This investigation has two objectives: on the one hand, to test the measuring properties (reliability, factorial structure) of an instrument to measure attitudes and, on the other hand, to propose and validate a model that hypothesizes that digital competence and frequency of use of technologies have a positive impact on same. 1251 students of the Madrid Open University participated. It is a non-experimental, explanatory study using structural equation methodology.  The results show adequate psychometric properties for the test and good adjustment of the proposed model (χ²=163.91, df=37, p<.001) allowing for further exploration of the relationship between use, skill and attitudes in the distance education context and improving the properties of measuring instruments proposed in Spanish.
Development and Validation of the Purdue Global Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale
Authors: Reyes-Fournier Elizabeth , Cumella Edward J. , March Michelle , Pedersen Jennifer , Blackman Gabrielle
Published: June 2020

The currently available measures of online teaching effectiveness (OTE) have several flaws, including a lack of psychometric rigor, high costs, and reliance on the construct of traditional on-the-ground teaching effectiveness as opposed to the unique features of OTE (Blackman, Pedersen, March, Reyes-Fournier, & Cumella, 2019). Therefore, the present research sought to establish a psychometrically sound framework for OTE and develop and validate a measure based on this clearly-defined construct. The authors developed pilot questions for the new measure based on a comprehensive review of the OTE literature and their many years of experience as online instructors. Students enrolled in exclusively online coursework and programs at Purdue University Global, N = 213, completed the survey, rating the effectiveness of their instructors. Exploratory Factor Analysis produced four clear OTE factors: Presence, Expertise, Engagement, and Facilitation. The resulting measure demonstrated good internal consistency and high correlations with an established OTE measure; good test-retest reliability; and predictive validity in relation to student achievement. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed a good fit of the data and yielded a final 12-item OTE measure. Further refinement and validation of the measure are recommended, particularly with students in other universities, and future research options are discussed.Keywords: online teaching effectiveness, instructor effectiveness, distance learning, student evaluations, asynchronous learning.
Stability of the surgery-only orthognathic approach in class III patients with maxillary retrognathia
Authors: Dilaver Emrah , Gulsilay Sayar , Sina Uckan
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The aim was to compare the stability of the surgery-only approach (SOA, indicating surgery without orthodontics) to the orthodontics-first approach (OFA; orthodontics followed by surgery) in patients with dentofacial deformities. Methods: All ten patients who underwent SOA and 10 OFA were included. Cephalometric radiographs were taken before surgery (T0), and six months after SOA or OFA(T2). The actual maxillary movement was measured intraoperatively (T1). The difference between T2-T0 and T1 is accepted as relapse. Each cephalometric film was analyzed using specialized software and the stability of actual advancement was analyzed. Results: Difference of relapse amount between SOA and OFA groups was statistically significant (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Although the stability of SOA was less than OFA, the amount of advancement was higher in SOA
Complications of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis
Authors: Kævanc Berke , Muazzez Suzen , Cagræ Delilbasæ
Published: June 2020

Arthrocentesis is a frequently performed and accepted minimally invasive and predictable procedure in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. This review aimed to evaluate arthrocentesis complications. The literature search has included PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases by using terms "((TMJ OR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT OR TMD OR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER) AND ARTHROCENTESIS) AND COMPLICATION". Publications up to 2019 were examined. Seven studies involving arthrocentesis complications were included. Although arthrocentesis is considered as a cost-effective and safe procedure, complications may be seen due to its proximity to important anatomical structures. Most of these complications are short-lived and can easily be managed in the outpatient clinic; however, some severe complications have rarely been reported in the literature. The practitioners who perform this procedure should be aware of these possible complications and be able to manage them in the clinic.