bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Influence of Organic Carbon Source on Chromate Reduction by Bacillus sp.
Authors: Xu Wei Hua , Liu Yun Guo , Zeng Guang Ming , Li Xin , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2012

The effect of different organic carbon sources on Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by Bacillus sp. was investigated. Three organic compounds, malate, succinate and glucose were tested in Cr(Ⅵ) reduction experiments. The results demonstrated that three organic compounds all significantly enhanced Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. The enhancing degree of these three organic compounds was observed as malate>glucose>succinate, although the cell growth in succinate-added medium was similar to that in malate-added medium and was apparently higher than that in glucose-added medium. Addition of glucose resulted in decrease of pH and increase of redox potential, while addition of malate or succinate resulted in increase of pH and decrease of redox potential during Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. Cr(Ⅵ) was reduced by liquid culture metabolite when glucose was added in liquid medium, but not reduced by liquid culture metabolite when malate or succinate was applied in liquid medium for bacterial cultivation.
Nitrogen Removal from Contaminated Water by Two Aquatic Plants
Authors: Fu Xiao Yun , He Xing Yuan
Published: December 2012

Two aquatic macrophytes (Monochoria korsakowii and Alisma plantago-aquatica) were grown in monoculture to test the relative growth rate(RGR) and abilities of removing total nitrogen(TN) by the manipulative indoor experiment. A nutrient treatment consisted of two levels of nitrogen[ low (14 mg L-1 N) and high (56 mg L-1 N) ]of nutrient solution. Result revealed that the RGR of the species was significantly different, however nutrients had no significant affect on the RGR. The results showed that TN in wastewater were significantly higher from unvegetated microcosms compared to vegetated. M. korsakowii was shown to be best removal effect with the removal rates of 94.9% and 77.0% at low and high concentrations of TN.
Removal of Low Concentration Chromium (III) from Aqueous Solution with 4 Microbial Biosorbents
Authors: Li Xin , Sun Yong Liang , Zhou Lin , Wang Ju Fang , Li Wen Jian
Published: December 2012

The low concentration Chromium (Ⅲ) adsorption was studied by 4 biosorbents (TP, XB, MY and TQ), which were isolated from Chrome-tanned leather construction section sludge. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of contact time, solution pH, biomass dosage, initial concentration of copper and temperature on biosorption efficiency. The experiment results showed that the concentration of chromium (Ⅲ) could meet the national standard (≤1.5mg/L) after treatment. The optimal pH value, mass concentration and temperature of biosorption was 4.0, 0.5g/L and 30°C, respectively. When the biosorbent were treated by [ NaOH ]= 0.3 mol/L, absorption capacitie was increased by 34.54%、23.21%、17.86% and 38.96% respectively. And from the results of SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and FT-IR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy), the structure and functional groups of biosorbents was changed after the biosorption.
Case Study of Nanjing Inner Ring on Air Pollution Dispersion from Roadway Tunnel Portals
Authors: Miao Shu Jiang , Fu Da Fang
Published: December 2012

The tunnel module of a rather simple Lagrangian model GRAL (Grazer Langrange model) has been chosen to study air pollutant dispersion around tunnel portals in Nanjing inner ring. Two points have been made to popularize GRAL3.5TM (the tunnel module of a Lagrangian model GRAL; the update was in May 2003) and assure it more suitable for the actual situations in Nanjing. One is to derive a piecewise function of the intermediate parameter ‘stiffness’. Another is to take Romberg NOx-NO2 scheme into account. After these 2 works on GRAL3.5TM, NO2 dispersion from portals of all the 6 tunnels in Nanjing inner ring has been simulated. The importance of limiting urban traffic volume to control air quality around tunnel portals and roadways has been emphasized.
Water Quality Model Parameters Estimation Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Xu Wen Yuan , Liu Bing Xiang , Xu Xing , Hu Na , Hu Hao , Zhu Ying
Published: December 2012

Water quality parameter is the basic data of the river water quality mathematical model for forecasting river water quality status. In this paper, the parameter estimation problem of the analytical model, which is used to describe one-dimensional tracing test data of river streams with tracers instantaneously injected, is converted to the function optimization problem. And particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to solve this problem. The experimental results show that the particle swarm optimization algorithm can estimate the water quality model parameter values regardless of whether the randomly sampling data has noise.
Study on Explosive Wastewater Treatment by Supercritical Water Oxidation
Authors: Chang Shuang Jun , Liu Yu Cun , Yang Xue Qin
Published: December 2012

Many toxic and undegradation organic pollutants to people health are existed in explosive wastewater. The conventional treatments are unable to effectively remove them. This paper treated the explosive wastewater of TNT by using a self-made discontinuity reactor, Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) system. The experimental results show that SCWO is a high-efficiency, clean treatment and disposal technique for TNT explosive wastewater. Temperature and reaction time serve as the main influence factors in removing COD of wastewater, with which add, the COD removal rate obviously increases. Under no oxygen condition, partially oxidation existed in SCWO.This shows that supercritical water is a well solvent and has oxidation. At 550°C, 24MPa, and 120s and at oxygen excess 300%, the COD removal rate of wastewater is over 99% and its main toxic pollutants TNT are thoroughly disposed. The discharge standard of environmental protection is met.
Color Removal of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R Simulated Dye Wastewater by Using Novel Flocculants
Authors: Li Ji Zhou , Yuan Xu Yin , Tian Ming , Ji Hao Ran , Jiang Wan
Published: December 2012

In this study, five novel flocculants, QTRY-02, DC-491, Fennofix K97, BWD-01 and MD-03 were chosen to treat Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R simulated wastewater by jar tests. The effect of flocculant dosage, initial pH, solution temperature of simulated dye wastewater and sedimentaion time on the color removal was examined respectively. The maximum color removal efficiency of KN-R was over 82% after 20 minutes of sedimentation and the optimal dosage was 150mg/L for all flocculants. In the pH range from 3 to 11, small changes in the color removal efficiency for QTRY-02. While for BWD-01, the efficiency increased from 67.3% to 88.3%. For both QTRY-02 and MD-04, decolorization efficiency increased as the solution temperature increased from 10°C to 50°C and the same result appeared when prolonging the sedimentation time from 1 to 12 hours.
Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lightly Polluted Urban Landscape River by Aquatic Ornamental Plant
Authors: Chen De Qiang , Liu Xiao Zhong , Chen Yi Qun , Maimai Ti A Bu Du Aini , He Hao
Published: December 2012

In this study, three species of water ornamental plants, Lythrum salicaria, Typha angustifolia and Iris wilsonii, were introduced to removing nitrogen and phosphorus in lightly polluted urban landscape water. The results showed the experimental plants were all growing well in lightly polluted water and the growth rates were: Lythrum salicaria 33%, Iris wilsonii 19% and Typha angustifolia16%, respectively. The removal efficiency of TN of Lythrum licaria, Typha angustifolia and Iris wilsoni were 55.42%, 62.65% and 57.59%, respectively. The removal rates of TP of three species of hydrophytes were Lythrum licaria 63.9%, Typha angustifolia 51.7% and Iris wilsoni 38.9%, respectively. Based on the removal efficiencies on nitrogen and phosphorus and landscape efficiency, the three species of water ornamental plants were recommended as pioneer in aquatic vegetation restoration in urban lightly polluted landscape river.
Treatment of Imidacloprid Pesticide Wastewater by Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Bi Xiao Yi , Yang Hai Yan , Sun Pei Shi , Xu Xiao Yi
Published: December 2012

In this study, modified activated carbon used as catalysts treat imidacloprid pesticide wastewater with microwave-assisted catalytic oxidation. The effect of working conditions such as hydrogen peroxide concentration, homogeneous catalysts concentration of Fe2+, amount of activated carbon catalysts, microwave power, irradiation time, wastewater temperature, and pH value on the treatment of imidacloprid pesticide wastewater in the process was investigated. The results show that COD removal rate , can reach 89.25%, with the following working conditions : imidacloprid pesticide wastewater with initial concentration of 268mg/ L , 100 mL ; hydrogen peroxide solution added at a concentration of 26.52g/L , Fe2+ concentration ,109.81mg/L; amount of activated carbon catalysts, 5g;power of microwave , 119 W; irradiation time , 4min ; pH value , 6.
Study of Mercury Re-Emission from Simulated Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Liquors
Authors: Jiang Yu Ze , Chen Chuan Min , Jiang Li Xing , Liu Song Tao , Wang Bin
Published: December 2012

Hg2+captured by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems can easily be reduced by reducing substances such as S(IV) (SO32-or HSO3-) and results in emissions of elemental mercury (Hg0). The re-emission of Hg0would lead to a damping of the total mercury removal efficiency by WFGD systems. The effects of the operating conditions, which included the pH, temperature, Cl-concentrations and oxygen concentrations, on Hg0re-emission from WFGD liquors was carried out. The experimental results indicated that the Hg0re-emission rate from WFGD liquors increased as the operational temperatures and pH values increased. The Hg0re-emission rates decreased as the O2concentration of flue gas and Cl-concentration of WFGD liquors increased. So the Hg0re-emission from WFGD system can be reduced or slowed by decreasing the temperature and pH, or by using forced oxidation. The present findings could be valuable for industrial application of characterizing and optimizing mercury control in WFGD systems.
Study on Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Wetlands in Daqing Oil Field Development Zones
Authors: Wang Ji Fu , Xu Wei Ping , Xu Lu , Liu Xing Tu , Yang Fu Yi
Published: December 2012

Daqing Oil Field brings enormous economic benefits to the city of Daqing; however, it also results in serious contamination of adjacent wetlands. The current study will take Qunyingxi Lake as example. This lake is typical oil contaminated wetland of Daqing Oil Field Development Zones. And choose to use two biological agents, they have been screened these two years, and their implementation of localization will continue. Different amount of two biological agents were put into four test sites, then collect samples and monitor them before and after putting biological agents. Test the concentration of COD, BOD5, NH3-N, TP, TN, volatile phenol and oil, et al. Take the grey clustering method to evaluate water quality data and analyze the repaired effects of biological agents in oil contaminated wetland. To provide the effective protection of wetland ecosystems in Daqing Oil Field Development Zone and a scientific basis for study on bioremediation of oil contaminated wetland.
Degradation of Disperse Blue 2BLN Dye Wastewater by Pulsed Corona Discharge Combined with Ozone Process
Authors: Zheng Hong Ai , Liu Jian She , Pan Li Li
Published: December 2012

Waste water discharged from dye plant contains high sanity ,high chroma and high CODcr (Chemical Oxygen Demand), commonly used biodegradation is often limited in application; As a new efficient advanced oxidation, pulsed corona discharge combining with ozone is attracting more and more attention. A special reactor was designed, in addition, the removal of COD and decoloration of stimulant dye wastewater containing disperse blue 2BLN dye (100mg/L) by pulsed corona discharge combining with ozone were investigated . It showed that in alkaline solution, the maximum COD removal and decoloration rate(58.8% and 99.1%) was observed ,which demonstrated that ozone and pulsed discharge was more efficient on COD removal and decolouration in alkalin than in neutral solution when all the samples were treated for13mins. After being treated, B/C increased from 0.2 to 0.45. Decoloration efficiency and COD removal could be improved obviously when oxygen feed increased from 40 to80L /h，yet further increase in oxygen feed led to a markedly decrease of decolouration efficiency and COD removal.
The Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal and Sludge Yield Comparative Study under Anaerobic/Aerobic and Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions
Authors: Li Ya Jing , Sun Li Ping , Ji Min
Published: December 2012

The nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and effect of different electron acceptors (O2 and NO3-) on the sludge yield were studied through experiments in two SBRs (Sequencing Batch Reactors ) in this paper. The results showed that two systems both had good decontamination effect; the theory value of sludge yield (It was 0.435gVSS/gCOD and 0.402gVSS/gCOD for anaerobic /aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic condition, respectively) was higher than the actual value (It was 0.335gVSS/gCOD and 0.321g VSS/gCOD for anaerobic/aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic condition, respectively); There was no significant difference for the sludge yield under anaerobic/aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic conditions, because the endogenesis respiration of sludge under anaerobic/aerobic condition was stronger consequently more sludge being attenuated (Attenuation coefficient was 0.0081 and 0.0026 for anaerobic/aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic condition, respectively).
Mobility of N and P in Phosphogypsum Pile and its Impact on Surface Water Quality in Guizhou Province, Southwestern China
Authors: Luo Hai Bo , Liu Fang , Zhu Jian , An Quan
Published: December 2012

In order to evaluate the impacts of N and P mobility from phophogypsum on surface water quality, the dissolved N and P concentrations in the drainage and river waters nearby phophogypsum piles were investigated at the phosphoric acid plant regions in central Guizhou Province, and batch leaching tests for the phophogypsum was performed. The results shown that the concentrations of NH4+ and PO43− in leachate solutions from phophogypsum were 0.325~0.587 mg L−1 and 148.6~266.0 mg L−1, respectively, and higher concentrations of NH4+ (2.86~8.02 mg L−1) and PO43− (201.9~1195.6 mg L−1) in the drainage waters from phophogypsum pile. In phosphoric acid plant areas, the concentrations of NH4+ and PO43− in the stream waters nearby phophogypsum piles were 0.96~2.36 mg L−1 and 1.26~4.89 mg L−1, respectively, as indicated by high concentrations of NH4+ and PO43−, suggesting a eutrophication problem for surface water nearby phophogypsum piles in those areas.
Effects of Biochar Amendment on the Dynamics of Enzyme Activities from a Paddy Soil Polluted by Heavy Metals
Authors: Yang Yage , Yan Jin Long , Ding Cheng
Published: December 2012

Reducing heavy metals mobility and improve the soil physical-chemical property in order to reduce plant uptake would be an urgent demand for safe rice production in China. A field experiment was conducted for the research of biochar (BC) amendment on the dynamics of soil enzyme activities in a contaminated paddy soil after 2 years. BC was applied in 2009 before rice transplantation at rates of 0, 10, 20, 40 t ha-1, and three undisturbed soil cores of 0 to 15 cm depth were sampled from each plot for physicochemical analysis and enzymatic monitoring. Compared to the control, the soil pH and SOC were significantly increased by 2–5 % and 16–51 % after BC amendment. The activities of cellulase, urine enzyme, neutral phosphatase and sucrase were also found to increase by 117.4–178.3 %, 31.1–37.6 %, 29.7–193.8 % and 36.5–328.6 %, respectively. Furthermore, there were positive correlation of soil enzyme activities with soil pH and SOC content. Data in this research indicated that BC amendment may be potential in improvement of soil properties to some extent to achieve the agricultural use. Introduction
Research to Deal with the Pulping Black Liquor by Using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Rui Feng , Lu Jie , Liu Yan Jun
Published: December 2012

We treat black liquor using Aspergillus niger to extract lignin and to improve the utilization value of pulping black liquor. Results show that: The original black liquor directly to the biological treatment by Aspergillus niger, biological bacteria cannot grow, when reaction liquid pH ≤ 9; Inorganic salt concentration ≤7% (mass ratio); The black liquor load ratio is 20% (mass ratio), the condition of Aspergillus niger growth is good, the ability to produce acid is strong. After treatment of Aspergillus niger, liquid pH decreased to 3, Aspergillus niger changes settling performance of lignin, and it’s good for extraction and purification of lignin. Lignin methoxyl content reduced 2.81%, alcoholic hydroxyl content reduced 0.31%, and carboxyl content increased 0.15%.
Effects of Air Remnant on Temperature and Pressure in Medical Waste Sterilizer
Authors: Jin Deng Chao , Bao Zhen Bo , Teng Hong Jun , Li Yang
Published: December 2012

The effects of air remnant on temperature and pressure in medical waste sterilizer were tested using the modern medical waste autoclave. The relations between air remnant, pressure and temperature in sterilizing chamber were also theoretically developed. Both results of theoretical calculation and test indicate that the air remnant in chamber has influence on both temperature and pressure in sterilizer, more air remnant will cause lower temperature at the same pressure in sterilizer chamber. The relationship between temperature and pressure in sterilizer was not Antoine style but a superimposed one, experimental results meet well with the theoretical calculation.
Screening of a Thermophilic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Consortium and Community Structure Analysis
Authors: Liu Qi You , Li Lin , Zhao Dong Feng , Zhao Chao Cheng
Published: December 2012

5 highly efficient hydrocarbon-degrading mixed bacteria were obtained from the petroleum-contaminated soil samples by the traditional method of enrichment and acclimation. The KL9-1 consortium had a wide temperature tolerance range and higher hydrocarbon degrading ability. The degradation rate of thin oil and heavy oil was up to 43.27% and 20.09% respectively through 7 d at 45oC. After several times of isolation and purification, three dominant strains with the capability of hydrocarbon-degrading were obtained, and their petroleum degradation rates were all over 30%. According to its morphological and 16S rDNA sequence characteristics, KL9-1-1 and KL9-1-2 were identified as Pseudomonas sp., and the KL9-1-3 was identified as Rhodococcus sp..
Treatment Mechanisms and Operation Conditions of Arsenic Removal from Copper Smelting Effluent Using Combined Process of Aeration Micro-Electrolysis and Flocculation
Authors: Liu Yu Qi , Feng Yue Bin , Wang Xin Ying , Wang Jing , Xu Xiao Jun
Published: December 2012

An effective combined process of aeration micro-electrolysis and flocculation was utilized to treat arsenic that incoming contaminate level was 153 mgL-1 from the metallurgical effluent. Treatment mechanisms and operation conditions were discussed which influenced the removal efficiency of arsenic. Under the optimal technological conditions, it was found that the removal efficiencies of COD and As were 92.5% and 99.7% respectively. The remain arsenic concentration in the treated wastewater was only 0.43mgL-1 and met National Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB8978-1996) in China. Analysis by SEM and EDS revealed that using combined process, most of As(III) could be oxidized to As(V), which led to the high efficiency of arsenic removal. In the meantime, most of other heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb and Ni, had been removed. Therefore, the combined process is regarded as a promising technology in the treatment of arsenic from copper smelting effluent. It has bright future in application.
Primary Study on Microbial Fuel Cell Using Refinery Oil Wastewater as Fuel
Authors: Guo Xuan , Zhan Ya Li , Guo Shao Hui , Yan Guang Xu , Sun Su Xiu , Geng Rong Mei , Zhao Li Jie
Published: December 2012

A single-chambered and double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) with refinery oil wastewater as its fuel was constructed respectively to investigate the feasibility of electricity generation and oil pollutants degradation using microbial fuel cell. Results indicated that the refinery oil waste water could be used as fuel in MFCs to generate electricity, the oil pollutants could be degraded by MFCs and the efficiency of double-chambered MFC was better; the main composition of pollutants in the solution influx and effluent of MFCs was changed and processes which were similar to anaerobic fermentation were proceeded.
Study on Comprehensive Utilization of Arsenic from High Arsenic-Bearing Copper Sulphide Concentrate
Authors: Xie Hai Yun , Lan Zhuo Yue , Liu Dian Wen , Tong Xiong
Published: December 2012

In this paper a new technology for comprehensive utilization of arsenic in high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrate has been studied out. Firstly,the concentrate was bioleached by moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, under the suitable leaching conditions, the experiments results show that the concentrate is bioleached 82% of Cu,78% of As and 40% of Fe. Secondly, removal of Fe3+ by solvent extraction with P204 from bacterial leaching solution are presented, and Fe3+ is extracted up to 93％, and the content of Fe3+ in raffinate is under 9 mg/L. The comprehensive utilizations of most of arsenic from leaching liquor after removal Fe3+ has been carried out. When the temperature is 80 to 90°C, pH at 4.0~5.0 and ammonia as a neutralizer, the results of XRD analysis show that the forming process of copper arsenate is complicated, and the formed molecular formulas are in different types, and they are CuAs2O4, Cu5As2O10•5H2O, C4H6As6Cu4O16, Cu5As4O15•9H2O and Cu2AsO4OH•3H2O. The comprehensive utilizations of most of arsenic are in the form of copper arsenate, and the content of arsenic is 9.11~35.82mg/L in solution after its precipitated. This study provides a new treatments and process for the utilization of arsenic in the high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrate.
The Study of LSM-SA Dynamic Thrust Testing Device in the Gate of River and Main Canal
Authors: Liu Pei Feng , Lv Tao , Bu Qing Hua
Published: December 2012

The application of the linear motor is a hot topic in current researching. The dynamic thrust testing is not also an important indicator in the study of linear motor, but also one of the difficulties in the study of linear motor characteristics. The LSM-SA dynamic thrust testing device was researched in the gate of river and main canal. According to compare with the traditional dynamic thrust test, its principle, advantages and disadvantages was illustrated. Some improvements were further made. Meanwhile, the variation of the improved cogging force was analyzed, the curve of the cogging force was made and the LSM-SA testing equipment was designed. Finally, the accuracy of the equipment was verified. It can directly conduct a test of the dynamic thrust. Nowadays, flood protection and disaster prevention has become an urgent task to solve, it is directly related to the country’s economy and people’s lives. The dynamic thrust to control the gate of the river and the main canal was used to prevent disaster. Therefore, the determination of the dynamic thrust becomes particularly important. In order to achieve the system to operate efficiently and accurately, the size of the dynamic thrust must be accurately determined. The device could achieve high accuracy direct drive to ensure the safe and effective operation of the gate of the river and the main canal, develop the water conservancy.
The Effects of Turbulence on the Polysaccharides Content and Colony Formation of Microcystis under Different Nutrition Conditions
Authors: Li Ming , Zhu Wei
Published: December 2012

The effects of low and high turbulence on the polysaccharides content and colony formation of Microcystis under different nutrition conditions were studied through a laboratory experiment. The rotation speed of 60rpm and 200rpm was provided to represent the turbulence induced by the wind with a speed of 4.0m/s and 6.5m/s in a shallow lake. Transitory and intermittent high turbulence could stimulate the growth of Microcystis and increase of pH value, but the increase of the pH value was not along with the increase of IC. Under eutrophication, N-limited and P-limited conditions, the salvation ratio increased noticeably (increased from 30% to 60%) because of the increase in rotation speed. High turbulence also makes the colony size be smaller than that with low turbulence. Our results suggested that high turbulence could stimulate the salvation of bound extracellular polysaccharides (bEPS) which was adverse to colony formation of Microcystis.
Modeling and Analysis of Piezoelectric Bimorph Cantilever for Vibration Energy Harvesting
Authors: Gong Jun Jie , Xu Ying Ying , Ruan Zhi Lin
Published: December 2012

The vibration energy can be converted to electrical energy directly and efficiently using piezoelectric cantilever beam based on piezoelectric effect. Since its structure is simple and its working process is unpoisonous to the environment, the piezoelectric cantilever beam can be used in various fields comprehensively. The present paper perform an analysis on the vibration energy harvesting problem of piezoelectric bimorph cantilever beam. The piezoelectric cantilever model has been formulated using the theory of elasticity mechanics and piezoelectric theory. A prototype of piezoelectric power generator is set up to do vibration test, and the electromechanical coupling FEA model under vibration load is built to simulate its output displacement, stress and voltage. The present numerical results of piezoelectric bimorph cantilever coincide well with our related experimental results, which shows the validity of the present FEA model and the relate results.
The Application of Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor to Circulating Water
Authors: Ren Jia Guo , Wu Qian Qian
Published: December 2012

According to the requirements of the circulating water treatment, a corrosion and scale inhibitor which compounded several single corrosion inhibitor and scale inhibitor was prepared, resulting in simplifying the process of operation, improving the concentration ratio of circulating water from 2.2 to 2.8, reducing the sewage volume, and decreasing the corrosion rate and cohesion rate. Therefore, the economic efficiency of the power plant gets greatly improved.
Effect of H2 in CO Feed Gas on Carbonylation of Methanol to Acetic Acid over Ir-Ru Catalysts
Authors: Liu Bo , Ji Sheng Fu
Published: December 2012

Effect of the minor H2 presence in CO feed gas on the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid over homogeneous Ir-Ru catalysts was studied. The results indicated that the carbonylation reaction rate would be decreased with the increasing of H2 content in CO feed gas. The process of CO migratory insertion was inhibited with the decrease of CO partial pressure in feed gas. With the increasing of H2 content in CO feed gas, CH4 composition distribution in gas byproducts was increased while that of CO2 was decreased. The yield of propionic acid in liquid products was increased. The occurrence extent of hydrogenated side reactions was affected due to minor H2 presence.
Flood Frequency Analysis Transformed Model for Small Sample
Authors: Dong Jie , Diao Yan Fang , Wang Gang
Published: December 2012

This thesis is aimed to integrate the theory of nonparametric statistics and that of transference, establish nonparametric statistical transference models, explore their applicability in analyzing floods frequency, the present model improves the precision in small sample estimation, and provide an alternate method to floods frequency analysis.
Employing DPSIR Conceptualization and PP Clustering Algorithm to Predict Water Resources Carrying Capacity of River Basins in Fujian, China, in 2020
Authors: Hu Cheng , Chen Gang , Lu Xiao Hua
Published: December 2012

Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is very significant to the sustainable developing of society and ecosystem. The main goal of this paper was to predict WRCC of river basins in Fujian province, using index-set method, to provide a adjuvant reference for the planning department while making decisions. Under the guidance of DPSIR framework, 20 indices in total were selected, which can reflect the inherent attributes of WRCC. PP Clustering (PPC) model coupled with generic algorithm was applied to compute WRCC ranking. This model can automatically identify the contribution of every factor to the evaluating objective, as to avoid the subjectivity during the process of index weights. The predictive result shows WRCC of the southeastern area of Fujian is in relative better state of water resources utilization. Special attention needs to be paid to optimum allocation for water resources in the upper reaches area of Minjiang River basin and northeastern area.
Study on Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Hefei City
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Sheng , Xu Guo Wei , Su Hai Min , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2012

Water resources carrying capacity was evaluated by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method after the evaluation index system was constructed according to water resources condition, socio-economic development level and economic structure characteristics in Heifei City. The results showed that development and utilization degree of water resources was high and further development and utilization potential was small. The water resources development potential of city proper was the minimum in all regions and WRCC of it was saturated. The development and utilization degree of water resources in Feixi County was smaller than other districts, there were certain development potential. On this basis, some suggestions and measures were proposed for improve regional water resources carrying capacity and ensure regional sustainable development.
Corrosion of Stainless Steels in the Marine Splash Zone
Authors: Bailey Stuart I. , Li Xiang
Published: December 2012

Splash zone corrosion was investigated for a number of selected corrosion resistant alloys including in synthetic seawater. Stainless steels 304 and 316 and duplex stainless steels 2205 and 2507 were all investigated. A laboratory apparatus designed to simulate the wetting by a splash, and the subsequent drying through exposure to the weather, was used for this study. The corrosion potential showed a distinct evolution throughout the wet – dry cycle, compared to a sample maintained under constant immersion. However, the corrosion potential gave no indication of susceptibility to pitting corrosion. On the other hand, examination under an infinite focus microscope revealed significant pitting in the samples subjected to wet – dry cycling compared to those maintained under constant immersion
Extreme Analysis of an Annual Rainfall Dataset
Authors: Gong Sheng
Published: December 2012

Annual rainfall values in Fortaleza in Brazil from 1849 to 1979 are modeled with extreme values theory. Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution with and without trend are estimated by using maximum likelihood method for these rainfall values. Moreover, return levels, which is inferred from estimation result of GEV, associated with various return periods are analyzed.
A Research of Reservoir Sediment Solidification Using Biotechnology
Authors: Tsai Wen Po , Liao Hui Wen , Chen Ho Ji , Jane Kuo Chang
Published: December 2012

At the end of 2010, almost all reservoirs in Taiwan have sedimentation problem. Sedimentation in major reservoirs, such as Wushoh reservoir, had reached 63.73% of its storage capacity in 2009, and must undergo dredging. However, agencies responsible for the final processing stages of reservoir sediments failed to come up with a breakthrough. Limitations established by environmental protection laws also hindered proper dredging of the reservoirs. Hence, further investigation was required for solidifying and reusing reservoir sediments. This research focused on the reuse of Wushoh reservoir sediments. Experimental results showed that when bacteria Bacillus Pastuerii(B.P.) was utilized in sediment solidification, higher bacterial concentrations could induce higher sedimentation of calcium carbonate. In a 70% Urea-CaCl2 medium, a bacterial concentration of 100% resulted in the highest compressive strength that was 30% higher than the control group (bacterial concentration of 0%). Therefore, bacteria can be used to solidify sediments and improve compressive strength. In specimens treated with higher concentrations of bacteria, more square and polygonal crystals were observed via SEM. X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) analysis showed that bacteria-treated sediments contained calcium carbonate crystals in every stage of processing. Hence, it was shown that bacteria can promote solidification by inducing calcium carbonate sedimentation.
Characteristics of Nonpoint Source Erosion from Burned Mountain Basin
Authors: Son Kwang Ik , Woo Kwang Sung , Kang Yong Gu , Kim Kyung Min , Son Gyo Chang
Published: December 2012

A drastic change of hydrological characteristics of a deforested basin causes severe runoff, sediment yield, and environmental contamination. In these days, many forest suffered from more frequent wildfires than before due to the climate change and human activities in Korea. A bared soil surface caused by wildfires results higher peak discharge and serious erosion over the basin. Ultimately, the increased sediment erosion results the nonpoint source contamination of water and soils of the basin. Systematic researches on sediment yields had been carried out with a mountainous watershed which had been suffered from wildfires. The experimental watershed has being operated with six standard plots and one sedimentation chamber last four years. The cover management factor of RUSLE and the characteristics of SDR (Sediment Delivery Ratio) for burned mountain basin were suggested from the field investigation.
Impacts of Permafrost Mean Annual Ground Temperature and Ice Content on Thermal Regime of Pile Foundation of Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission Line
Authors: Li Guo Yu , Yu Qi Hao , Ma Wei , Mu Yan Hu
Published: December 2012

The ±400 kV Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission Line (QTPTL) was officially operated in December of 2011 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China, crossing 550-km-long permafrost and 438-km-long seasonally frozen ground regions. Some of tower foundations of the QTPTL were buried in permafrost. It faces potential challenges of freeze- and thaw-related geohazards induced by freeze-thaw cycle, active layer thickening and permafrost degradation, which are mainly caused by climate warming, surface disturbance, enhanced heat transfer of concrete pile. These geohazards has become the concerns for stability and integrity of the QTPTL. In this study, some numerical tests on the thermal interaction between pile and permafrost were carried out to investigate impacts of permafrost mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and ice content of soils surrounding pile on active layer thickening, permafrost degradation and freeze-thaw cycle considering climate warming, surface disturbance and enhanced heat transfer of concrete pile. The research results and discussions are described, which will provide the basis for normal operation and option of countermeasures against thaw settlement and frost jacking of the QTPTL, and the reference for the similar permafrost engineering in cold regions
Field Test for Heat and Humidity Environment and Analysis of Air-Conditioning System Consumption
Authors: Li Hui Xing , Xiao Wei , Geng Geng , Li Bei Ni , Wang Wei
Published: December 2012

Museum has its particularity in public buildings and high research value for its thermal and humidity environment and building energy efficiency status. According to a investigation of air-conditioning systems and a test of indoor heat and humidity parameters in summer and winter for a museum in Shenyang, this article analysis its thermal environment and air-conditioning energy consumption status, draw the winter and summer indoor temperature and humidity and air-conditioning energy consumption chart, research the indoor temperature change rules and the energy consumption status of air-conditioning system in winter and summer. The results show that as air-conditioning energy consumption accounted for the main body of museum’s total building energy consumption, more energy-efficient technologies can be used to reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning systems. And how to control the thermal environment of different types of collections in this museum, and take a consideration of energy saving, are focues of future research.
Architectural Design of Green Campus
Authors: Liu Qi Xia , Zou Xin , Deng Jun Yan
Published: December 2012

The plan and architectural design of the campus is one part of green ecological building, which is the ingredient of architectural theory of sustainable development. Beginning with the plan of ecological campus, this paper analyzes design technique of ecological building in different areas. According to the characteristics and priorities of different areas, the different models of design are built and the different means of energy conservation and emission reduction are adopted in this paper. So the aim to save energy resources and utilize resource scientifically and efficiently will be realized. This paper will be a salutary lesson to create humanistic, ecological and intellective campus landscape with abundant connotations.
Movement of Elements between Soil and its Source Rock a Case Form Limestone Soil in Suzhou City, Anhui Province, China
Authors: Chen Song
Published: December 2012

The limestone soils and its source rock samples had been collected from Suzhou area for the testing about major and trace elements. The concentration value have been compared with the background and the migration coefficient(K) of element form source rock to soil have been calculated, the result showed: the elements Ca and Th are enrichment, the Al is loss seriously, the Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zn, Rb, Sr., Zr, and Pb are basic fairly with the background value; the K, Cu, Fe and As are slightly higher than the soil background values; The elements Si, Ti, Mn, Zr, Pb and Th have high K in subsoil layer; the element Fe, Cr, As and Rb have the least K in subsoil layer; the element Al, V, Cu and Zn can be showed disorder with the more high migration coefficient in topsoil.
Unconfined Compression Strength of Tianluoshan Relic Soils Solidified by Silicone
Authors: Chai Xin Jun , He Chun Feng , Gao Yan Sheng
Published: December 2012

Tianluoshan relic sites is a typical earthen sites located at moisture circumstances. The potential application of silicone for strengthening Tianluoshan relic soils were evaluated by a series of unconfined compression tests. The main considered influence factors includue: curing condition, curing time, and variation of water content. The results show that the compressive strength of Tianluoshan relic soils solidified by silicon increase with curing time, and silicon can effectively improve the strength of Tianluoshan relic soils under constant temperature & moisture condition.
Effect of Different Management Systems on Soil Water Content in the Black Soil of Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Shi Xiu , Zhang Zhi Yong , Jiang Si Wei , Yu Jun
Published: December 2012

Soil water content is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting crop productivity. In this study, the different management practices were investigated in the black soil of Northeast China to evaluate the efficacy of practices on soil water content. The results showed that the application of organic matter, large-scale machine and residues retention have positive effects on soil water content. Saturated water content (SWC), field water-holding capacity (WHC), and available water content (AWC) were strongly correlated with soil bulk density and soil organic matter. Our results suggested that proper management systems could improve soil water use efficiency in black soil region of Northeast China.
Causes for the Formation of Waterlogged Land in the Black Soil Region of Northeastern China
Authors: Wang Ai Juan , Liu Gang
Published: December 2012

Waterlogged land characterized by low productivity impact the productivity of the adjacent land and increase soil erosion. Gangzhongwa, one type of waterlogged lands, is widely distributed in Jiusan cultivated lands in Heilongjiang province China. Observation of soil profiles and measurements of soil physical properties were carried to investigate the factors related to the waterlogged land formation. The results showed Gangzhongwa waterlogged land is formed due to three reasons: firstly, the water table of groundwater is shallow and the soil profile texture varies regularly from clay loam layer, and sandy loam layer to aquitard layer; secondly soil infiltration is significantly correlated with sand content and gravel content; and thirdly the subsurface runoff makes the soil profile saturated where the surface clay loam layer is thin but the sandy layer is thick with larger infiltration rates. This study presents some theoretical insights for the Gangzhongwa waterlogged land conservation plan.
Effects of Soil Amendment on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Oat Field
Authors: Liu Hui Jun , Liu Jing Hui , Yu Jian , Xu Sheng Tao
Published: December 2012

The effect of different soil amendment (potassium polyacrylate; polyacrylamide;potassium humate; potassium polyacrylate+ potassium humate; polyacrylamide+ potassium humate) on soil physical and chemical properties in oat field was studied. The results showed that different soil amendments increase significantly the soil organic matter, available N, available P and available K content by 8.24%-30.22%, 7.60%-19.29%, 5.15%-29.45% and 27.86%-68.86% respectively. Soil water content at 0-60 cm depth is higher with soil amendment. But soil amendment has no effect on the soil water content at 60-100 cm soil depth. At the same time, soil amendments reduce the soil bulk density at 0-10 cm,10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm depths, and they produce no obvious effect on soil bulk density at 60-100 cm depth. The proportion of > 0.25 mm soil aggregate at 0-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth is increased significantly by applying soil amendment. Among five aggregate sizes (> 2 mm; 2-1 mm; 1-0.5 mm; 0.5-0.25 mm; 2 mm and 2-1 mm soil aggregates are the most. In conclusion, the mixing use of two kinds of soil amendments(potassium polyacrylate+ potassium humate and polyacrylamide+ potassium humate) is more effective for improving soil physical and chemical properties.
Quality of Soils on Reclaimed Land from a Coal Mining Area
Authors: Shi Xue Yi , Wang Yun Ping , Sun Xiao Dan
Published: December 2012

Paper provides the results of research to determine the optimum technique of soil quality analysis in reclaimed land areas. The method involves topsoil stripping and mixed replacement techniques. The soils are sampled in different years after placement. Soil properties were analyzed. The data comes from the Wu-yang mine, Shanxi Province, China. Research has resulted in four conclusions: i) by topsoil stripping, soil fertility is nearly the same as the original soil, soil nutrients are higher in the tilth layer than in the bottom soil, and there is an upward tendency. ii) by mixed pushing, soil fertility is low and heterogeneous and needs to improve fertility. iii) changes of soil heavy metal concentrations are affected by dust and sewage and have little connection with reclaimed techniques and years after reclamation. iv) reclamation by topsoil stripping is better in the plain areas. Paper discusses how to choose the best reclamation technique and decide on the recovery time of land fertility.
Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Surface Dust and Soil of Shanghai, China
Authors: Ma Jing , Zheng Ji San , Chen Zu Yi , Wu Ming Hong , Horii Yuichi , Ohura Takeshi , Kannan Kurunthachalam
Published: December 2012

Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) are a group of halogenated contaminants found in the urban environment with a toxic potential similar to dioxins. Little is well-known on the distribution and characteristics of ClPAHs on urban surfaces. In this study, concentrations of 20 ClPAH congeners were measured in road dust and soil from crossroads along arterial traffic, park and lake areas, a chemical industrial complex, waste incineration power plants nearby, and a steel factory in Shanghai. ClPAHs are ubiquitous and log-normally distribute in urban surface with a range from 0.27 to 206 ng/g dw for dust, and with a range from 0.05 to 94.3 ng/g dw for soils. The highest mean concentration of total 20 ClPAHs is found in floor dust from a steel factory. ClPyr and ClPhe are predominant in road dust, which infers that ClPAHs detected in the urban surface dust samples originate from vehicle exhaust.
Effects of Reclaimed Water Irrigation upon Soil Quality
Authors: Gao Jun , Wang Hui Xiao , Liu Hai Jun , Yin Jian , Zhao Xuan
Published: December 2012

To analyze reclaimed water irrigation effects upon soil quality, including indicators of secondary salinization and heavy metal accumulation, a field experiment in the typical reclaimed water irrigated area (Xin-he irrigated area, Tongzhou District) was carried out in this study. The treated soils for sampling and analyzing were irrigated with reclaimed water and well water. Soil heavy metal contents were determined by ICP-AES, while those of soil salt ions were determined by DX 600. Results show that, reclaimed water irrigated soil has a significant increase in salt ion contents than well irrigated soil, with an increasing order of Na+>K+>Mg2+>Ca2+. And Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+accumulations at 40~80 cm and140~180 cm are relatively critical. Vertical trends of sodium adsorption ratio(SAR) values of soil extraction are the same in districts irrigated with reclaimed water and well water, however, SAR values of reclaimed water irrigated soil are significantly higher than well irrigated soil, with an average of 5~6 times bigger. But values are still in the suitable level for crops. Although heavy metals(Cu、As、Ni、Pb and Zn) slightly accumulate at 140~200cm, values are still consistent with soil environmental standard grade of 1or 2. And contents of heavy metals have no obvious differences between soils irrigated with reclaimed water and well water at 0~140cm.