bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Polypyrrole/Silica on the Output Force of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
Authors: He Qing Song , Zhang Xiao Qing , Yu Min , Dai Zhen Dong
Published: May 2013

In this paper, a polypyrrole (PPy)/SiO2 composite filler prepared via in situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) on SiO2 particles was incorporated into Nafion to improve the performance of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphology of the prepared PPy/SiO2. IPMC with 1% and 2% PPy/SiO2 was synthesized, and the elastic modulus, the electric current, the blocking force and the water retention ability were measured on the test apparatus. Results showed that IPMC with 1% PPy/SiO2 composite, synthesized with 0.5ml Py, exhibited the best mechanical property. Compared with the pure Nafion-IPMC, the blocking force of PPy/SiO2/Nafion-IPMC with the optimized filler content (34.68 mN) at the sinusoidal voltage of 3 V and 0.1Hz was 2.3 times higher. Such significantly improved performance was attributed to the PPy’s redox reaction, which facilitates the ion transport in IPMC. Furthermore, the reasonable amount of the PPy and PPy/SiO2 plays an important role in fabricating the homogeneously distributed PPy/SiO2/Nafion membrane.
SHS-Composition Ceramics Obtained with Participation of Modified Wollastonite
Authors: Mansurov Zulkhair , Mofa Nina , Sadykov Bakhtiyar
Published: May 2013

The efficiency of using in the charge of SHS-mixtures wollastonite “active” additives of micron size activated and modified by different organic compounds as a result of mechanochemical treatment(MCT) is considered. The structure, composition and morphology of modified particles of wollastonite depending on the conditions of MCT in mills-activators of dynamic action are studied. During SHS of composition metal-oxide materials, wollastonite particles play the role of the centre of the mixture combustion site, provide the local increase of temperature, change thermodynamic characteristics of the sample synthesis process as a whole and contribute to formation of nanostructurized SHS-ceramics with high strength and dielectric characteristics.
Effect of Compatibilizers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of High Density Polyethylene Filled with Bio-Filler from Eggshell
Authors: Buakaew Wanikorn , Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat , Suppakarn Nitinat , Sutapun Wimonlak
Published: May 2013

In this research work, the effect of compatibilizers on mechanical and thermal properties of ESP/HDPE composites was investigated. High density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (HDPE-g-MA) and ethylene propylene rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (EPR-g-MA) were used to compatibilize the ESP/HDPE composites. The ESP/HDPE composite with and without the compatibilizes was prepared at 20 wt.% ESP. The volume average particle size of ESP was 20.35 µm. The compatibilized HDPE composites were prepared at 2, 5, 8 and 10 wt.% of HDPE-g-MA and at 2, 5, 8 and 10 wt.% of EPR-g-MA, as well. It was found that ultimate stress, yield strength, and elongation at break of the ESP/HDPE composites prepared with HDPE-g-MA increased with increasing HDPE-g-MA content. In addition, Young’s modulus was maximum at 8 wt.% HDPE-g-MA. The composites filled with HDPE-g-MA had improved impact strength with increasing HDPE-g-MA content. On the other hand, the composites with EPR-g-MA showed a decrease in tensile properties and impact strength when increasing EPR-g-MA content. The impact strength of the HDPE composites compatibilized with EPR-g-MA decreased with increasing EPR-g-MA content. In addition, degree of crystallinity of the composites with EPR-g-MA was higher than that of the composite with HDPE-g-MA. Furthermore, compatibilizing ESP/HDPE composites with either HDPE-g-MA or EPR-g-MA did not influence HDPE and ESP decomposition temperatures, HDPE melting temperature and HDPE crystallization temperature.
Adsorption of Aqueous Azo Dye Using Waste Carbon Fiber Activated by Microwaves and Potassium Hydroxide
Authors: Chen Shao Hao , He Cheng Chun , Kuo Chao Yin
Published: May 2013

This study investigates the activation of waste carbon fiber by microwave heating and potassium hydroxide and the adsorption of aqueous dye RB19 using said modified waste carbon fiber. Heating was performed in a microwave that was set to 900 W from 20 to 60 minutes (M20, M40, and M60). The specific surface areas of the original waste carbon fiber (WCF), M20, M40, and M60were 2 to489 m2/g. M40 had the highest specific surface area and an acceptable yield of 62%. In adsorption experiments at 57°C, the original waste carbon fiber adsorbed only 15 mg of dye/g of fiber. The results reveal that the capacity of adsorption increased when the waste carbon fibers were modified by activation with microwave and potassium hydroxide. Remarkably, M40 was the most suitable absorbent of aqueous dye RB19 and it had the highest capacity of 202 mg/g.
Numerical Algorithm for Pore Size Distribution Characterization of Materials from 3D Images
Authors: Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eduard , van Breugel Klaas
Published: May 2013

This paper presents an image based numerical method proposed to obtain information regarding pore structure and organization of pores within materials based on 3D digital image input. The output of the numerical algorithm is a pore size distribution of materials. The algorithm is based on the combination of the two digital image processing algorithms: 1) a medial axis thinning algorithm to obtain 3D skeleton of the pore structure, and 2) the distance transform of an image. The method is tested on simple 2D and 3D microstructures of packed spheres, demonstrating the performance of the proposed method.
ErGermanide Schottky Junctionfor n-Type Schottky Barrier Ge MOSFET
Authors: Oh Sung Kwen , Li Meng , Shin Hong Sik , Lee Hi Deok
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the electricalcharacteristics of Ergermanideschottkyjunction werestudied for source / drain of n-typeschottky barrier Ge MOSFET.Ergermanideshowed the lowest ideality factor at RTP temperature of 600°C among the applied temperature range. When RTP temperature was increased, barrier height and work function of Ergermanidebecame similar to those of Er2Ge3. From the analysis of the leakage current, it is shown that the Poole-Frenkel barrier lowering was dominant at RTP 600°C and the influence of the Schottky barrier lowering was decreased as RTP temperature increased. The electrical characteristics of Ergermanideare very sensitive to the RTP temperature andclosely related tothe trapsites which are generated by germanidation.
Corrosion Behavior of Construction Materials for Intermediate Temperature Steam Electrolysers
Authors: Nikiforov Aleksey V. , Petrushina Irina M. , Jensen Jens Oluf , Bjerrum Niels J.
Published: May 2013

Different corrosion resistant stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, pure nickel, Ta-coated stainless steel (AISI 316L), niobium, platinum and gold rods were evaluated as possible materials for use in the intermediate temperature (200-400 °C) acidic water electrolysers. The corrosion resistance was measured under simulated conditions (molten KH2PO4) corresponding to the proton-conducting solid acids or transition metal phosphates as electrolytes. It was shown that, unlike at temperatures below 200 °C, gold is unstable with respect to corrosion in molten KH2PO4. Platinum demonstrated high corrosion resistance and the anodic and cathodic limits were for the first time found for the electrolyte. Nickel, niobium, Inconel®625, Hastelloy®C-276 and Ta-coated stainless steel (AISI 316L) demonstrated high corrosion stability and can be recommended as construction materials for bipolar plates.
Influence of Deposition Temperature on the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of CdZnS Thin Films
Authors: Rajathi S. , Subramanian N. Sankara , Ramanathan K. , Senthamizhselvi M.
Published: May 2013

CdZnS thinfims have been prepared on mineral glass substrate by spray pyrolysis method at different deposition temperature using the optimized coating parameters. The XRD profile of the films confirms hexagonal wurtizite structure with preferred orientation along the (101) pane. The different crystallographic parameters viz., lattice constant, c/a ratio, mean grain size, number of reflections per unit area, lattice strain, dislocation density, texture coefficient and standard deviation have been calculated from the experimentally observed XRD data and the effect of deposition temperature on these parameters have been elaborately discussed. The maximum optical transmittance of 84.5% (at λ= 650 nm ) has been observed for the CdZnS thin film spray deposited at the temperature 450 °C. The direct band gap energy calculated from the transmittance measurements lies between 2.82 eV and 3.4 eV. The electrical resistivity has been found to be low with the value 50 x 103 Ω - cm for the film deposited at the temperature 450 °C. The SEM micrographs of the films show uniform surface pattern associated with large accumulation of fine grains. The grain size estimated from the SEM analysis lies between 100 nm and 350 nm.
High Temperature Oxidation of CrAlSiN Thin Films
Authors: Won Sung Bin , Kim Min Jung , Xu Chun Yu , Hwang Yeon Sang , Lee Dong Bok
Published: May 2013

Nano-multilayered, crystalline CrAlSiN thin films were deposited on either steel or WC-10%Co substrates by the cathodic arc plasma deposition. Their oxidation characteristics were studied at 800-1000°C for 50 h in air. The film deposited on steel displayed good oxidation resistance, due mainly to formation of Cr2O3 and α-Al2O3. The film deposited on WC-10%Co displayed poor oxidation resistance, due mainly to the oxidation of the substrate.
Facile Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Uniform Fe3O4 Nanorod with Strong Magnetic Response
Authors: Zhou Xi , Shi Yan Feng , Chen Zhi Wei
Published: May 2013

Rod-shaped Fe3O4 nanocrystals have been prepared with a high yield using a facile poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)-mediated hydrothermal synthesis method at a low temperature of 90 °C. The formation mechanisms related to the chemical reaction, Fe3O4 nuclei and Fe3O4 rod-shaped crystal growth were discussed in detail. Furthermore, magnetic characterization showed that the Fe3O4 nanorod exhibited a strong magnetic response property, which leads to their potential applications in the bioseparation fields.
Thermal Diffusivity and Dielectric Property of Silicone Rubber/Alumina Microparticles Composites Prepared by Solution Mixing Process
Authors: Ma Jie , Zhu Lin , Jing Mao Xiang , Shen Xiang Qian
Published: May 2013

The silicone rubber composites filled with various contents of alumina (Al2O3) microparticles were prepared by the solution mixing process. The fractured surface morphology, thermal diffusivity and dielectric property of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the laser flash thermal diffusivity analyzer, a LCR digital meter and a resistor tester, respectively. The results show that with Al2O3 content increasing from 8 vol. % to 35 vol. %, the thermal diffusivity increases from 0.13 mm2/s to 0.31 mm2/s, while the dielectric property reduces slightly. At a given Al2O3 content, the thermal diffusivity of the composites exhibits a reduction tendency with the increasing temperature. The Nielsen model is generally suitable to predict the thermal diffusivity of the composites.
A Useful Synthetic Route to Yield Silver-Nanoparticles on Phyllosilicates and Morphologic Structural Investigations
Authors: Vilela Menegaz Teixeira Pires Cléo Thomás Gabriel , de Melo Júlio César Perin , Airoldi Claudio
Published: May 2013

Organofunctionalized phyllosilicates containing both amino and mercapto groups were synthesized and used as support for silver nanoparticles in situ deposition. Depending on silver concentration in relation to phyllosilicate different amount of nanoparticles size and distributions were obtained, even with smallest silver used causes strong exfoliation of the phylosilicate lamella. Also such condition favors nanoparticles formation with homogeneous distribution with smaller diameters and narrower particle particles size distributions. With highest silver amounts preferential external phyllosilicate surface crystallization is obtained, as given by particle diameters up to 30 nm. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies were successfully employed to characterize morphological and structural features for these synthesized materials, enabling atomic visualization for the silver nanoparticles. These new phyllosilicates containing silver nanoparticles are extensively employed to design inorganic light emission diodes and also in applying in biological fields.
The Effect of Pelletizing Pressure on SHS Synthesis of MoSi2
Authors: Zhou Ying , Ye Guo Tian , Wei Cai Li
Published: May 2013

An experimental study on the preparation of molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) was conducted by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from elemental powder compacts with different pelletizing pressures (0, 50, 100 and 200MPa). The composition of test specimens is Mo:Si = 1:2. The results showed that the propagation time of the reaction front, the density of the combustion products, the particle size and the morphology of MoSi2 were significantly influenced by pelletizing pressure of the reactant compact. In addition, all the samples obtained with different pelletizing pressures were single-phase MoSi2.
Utilization of Waste Printed Circuit Board Resin in Controlled Low-Strength Materials
Authors: Chiou Ing Jia , Chiang Chu Chan , Ho Cheng Lan
Published: May 2013

In this investigation, waste printed circuit board resin powder (WPCBRP) was used to replace 0-30% of the fine aggregate in controlled low-strength materials (CLSM), to explore their rheological behavior, mechanical behavior, and durability. The results thus obtained demonstrate that when 10% of the fine aggregate was replaced by WPCBRP, the adjusted slump flow, setting time, and compressive strength could all met the standards at the ages of 12 hours and 28 days, with a high impedance of 1.54-1.63 kΩcm. CLSM with WPCBRP has a similar water permeability, of between 10-8 and 10-9 cm/s, to that of compacted clay. Therefore, this form of CLSM is impervious, and has a lower compacted settlement when compared with clay.
Mechanical Properties of Homogenous and Heterogeneous Three Layered Particleboard Composite in Relation on Different Resin Content
Authors: Sarmin Siti Noorbaini , Zakaria Shaikh Abdul Karim Yamani , Kasim Jamaludin
Published: May 2013

Two types of three layered particleboard composite, homogeneous (Acacia mangium core-face/back) and heterogeneous (Acacia mangium core, mixed sawdust face/back) were fabricated with three different resin contents and densities. Three different resin content; 8:10:8, 10:10:10 and 12:10:12, were use with 500, 600 and 700kg/m3 board densities. Urea Formaldehyde (UF) was used as a binder and 1% of wax was added. The properties of bending strength (MOR & MOE) and internal bond strength (IB) were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard; JIS A 5908:2003 Particleboard (2003). The results showed that there were relationship between resin contents and densities on homogeneous and heterogeneous particleboard composites. Result obtained indicated that bending and internal bond strength of homogeneous composite bonded using ratio of 12:10:12 resin content with 700kg/m3 density was better compared to ratio of 8:10:8 and 10:10:10 resin contents. When the densities were increased, the mechanical properties also increased.
Nonlinear Oscillations of a Composite Laminated Plate with Parametrically and Externally Excitations
Authors: Bian Xiao Li , Li Shuang Bao
Published: May 2013

Nonlinear oscillations of a simply-supported symmetric cross-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate are investigated in this paper. The rectangular thin plate is subjected to the transversal and in-plane excitations. Based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory and the stress-strain relationship of the composite laminated plate, a two-degree-of-freedom non-autonomous nonlinear system governing equations of motions for the composite laminated rectangular thin plate is derived by using the Galerkin’s method. Numerical simulations illustrate that there exist complex nonlinear oscillations for composite laminated rectangular thin plate.
Liquid Metallurgy Synthesis and Thermo-Electrical Characterization of Copper-Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Osoba Opeyemi Lawrence , Afolabi Ayo Samuel , Vodal Emmanuel , Fasuba Omoniyi Akinboboye
Published: May 2013

Samples of copper-aluminum reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) were prepared by liquid metallurgy method using micron–sized silicon carbide (SiC) particulate. The resultant MMC samples were characterized to determine their thermal, electrical and mechanical properties in respect to varying particle sizes (212, 425, 710 and 1200 mm) of the SiC. The analyses of the results obtained showed that the thermal conductivity of the composite increased with decrease in particle size and volume fraction of the SiC. Also with decrease in grains size, high thermal conductivity was achieved by increasing the volume fraction. The results obtained in this study showed that alloying Cu matrix with aluminium is effective in reducing the interfacial reactions of a typical Cu-SiC matrix composite. The synthesized MMC samples also possessed a combination of high thermal and electrical conductivities with a low coefficient of thermal expansions which is synonymous to a low tensile strain at a maximum load. These properties were achieved for a 60%Cu/Al(40%SiC) at 212 µm, 50%Cu/Al(50%SiC at 12 µm and 70%Cu/Al(30%SiC) at 710 µm. The microstructural evaluation using optical microscopy (OM) indicated good dispersion of the SiC particles in all the samples which consequently enhanced the microhardness obtained in the MMC samples.
Significance and Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 and Glycoprotein96 in Human Gastroenterological Cancers
Authors: Wang Xiao Ping , Wang Qiao Xia , Lin Huan Ping , Wang Ya Li
Published: May 2013

Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and glycoprotein 96 (gp96) are highly expressed in cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 and gp96 in the development and progression of gastrointestinal carcinomas but detailed information is still ambiguous. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between clinicopathology and expression of HSP72 and gp96 in human common gastroenterological cancers- esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colonic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The results showed that HSP72 and gp96 were highly expressed in gastroenterological carcinomas. HSP72 and gp96 were mainly stained in cytoplasm. HSP72 and gp96 expression were significantly associated with the presence of tumor infiltration, lymph node and remote metastasis. The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the expression of HSP72 and gp96 and the progression of gastroenterological carcinomas.
Bacterial Toxicity of Functionalized Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Toward Escherichia coli
Authors: Miyazaki Jumpei , Kuriyama Yuta , Miyamoto Akihisa , Tokumoto Hayato , Konishi Yasuhiro , Nomura Toshiyuki
Published: May 2013

Nanotechnology has the potential to produce a variety of new materials in the coming years, as a result of the design of novel nanoparticles with new physicochemical characteristics. However, their potential to adversely affect the environment and human health must be addressed. The toxicity of polystyrene latex (PSL) nanoparticles with various functional groups toward Escherichia coli KP7600 strain was investigated using the colony count method, and confocal microscopy observations. It was found that the positively charged PSL nanoparticles led to the death of the bacterial cells. Confocal observations of the bacterial cells after 1 h of exposure to the amine-modified, positively-charged PSL nanoparticles in an aqueous NaCl solution showed that the surfaces of the dead cells were almost entirely covered with the nanoparticles. No uptake of the nanoparticles into the bacterial cells was observed, regardless of the cell viability. It is likely that the adhesion of the positively charged nanoparticles onto the surface of the bacterial cells (due to the electrostatic attractive force) caused a decrease in the fluidity of the cell membrane, and the inhibition of metabolism through the cell membrane led to the death of the bacterial cells.
A Oxidative Desulfurization System for Model Oil with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Zi Zhen , Li Chun Hu , Feng Li Juan
Published: May 2013

Oxidative desulfurization of model oil was conducted in emulsion oxidative system (water –in-oil [W/O]) using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and water as extractive solvent, span60 as surfactant. The system was evaluated for oxidative desulfurization of BT, DBT and 4.6-DMDBT using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and exhibit excellent activities in oxidative desulfurization of model compounds.
Theophylline Cocrystallized with Salicylic Acid and Picolinic Acid: Preparation and Physical Properties
Authors: Weenawan Somphon , Khumponkrung Sopita , Haller Kenneth J.
Published: May 2013

Theophylline (TP) is an oral bronchodilator medicine, used to treat respiratory diseases. The problem of TP is low aqueous solubility, slow release tablets, and solid state interconversion between anhydrous and monohydrate forms as a function of relative humidity (RH). Physicochemical properties of this medicine, including solubility, humidity sensitivity, and chemical and physical stability can be improved by cocrystallizing with another compound. Herein we present the cocrystallization of TP with salicylic acid (SA) and picolinic acid (PI). Mixtures of 2:1 TP-SA and TP-PI were screened by solvent-drop grinding, crystal growth by slow evaporation and pH control at 2.0 and 7.0, and compared to the 1:1 crystalline products of TP-SA and TP-PI. The products were characterized by XRD, FT-IR/FT-Raman, and DSC/TG. Crystals of the 1:1 TP-SA, 1:1 TP-PI, and pure TP were stored at room temperature (342 °C) with 582% RH for one month and their stability examined by FT-IR.
Study on Syntheses and Anticoagulant Action of Rare Earth Ternary Complexes with Tryptophan and Sodium Citrate
Authors: Wang Kun Jie , Wu Yan Ping , Li Hong Xia , Zhang De Yi , Feng Hui Xia , Wang Yi , Song Yu Min
Published: May 2013

Three new rare earth ternary complexes (NdLL'•4H2O, EuLL'•4H2O and LaLL'•4H2O) have been prepared with rare earth nitrates, tryptophan (L) and sodium citrate (NaL'). The characteristics of the complexes were identified by elemental analysis, IR, molar conductivity solubility and TG-DTA. The results showed the complexes have constant composition of RELL'•4H2O. And all of the rare earth ternary complexes have anticoagulant action.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Spirogyra spp.
Authors: Junthip Rattanabhorn , Amornlerdpison Doungporn , Chimsook Thitiphan
Published: May 2013

A freshwater macroalga, Spirogyra spp., were analyzed for its phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (Folin−Ciocalteu method). Phytochemical analysis of Spirogyra neglecta revealed presence of phenolics, tannins, glycosides and saponins. The crude extraction of Spirogyra spp. was carried out using two solvents via, methanol (methanolic extract) and water (aqueous extract). The total phenolic contents of crude extracts were shown at 346.58±1.61 and 589.77±1.65 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract in aqueous and methanolic extracts, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of aqueous and methanolic extract was estimated by two different methods; ABTS assay, and DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity of two extracts is affected by the extracting solvent and different assay. In the DPPH scavenging assay and ABTS assay, both extracts showed high antioxidant activity. In addition, the high correlation between results of all antioxidant activities and total phenolic content was found. The rapid TLC assay in methanolic extract is considered as the rapid test to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural compounds. The compounds showing four bands at Rf = 0.25, 0.35, 0.42, 0.64. This study showed that Spirogyra spp. might constitute an important source of natural antioxidants.
Effects of Cobalt Chloride on Determination of Cadmium in Radix aucklandiae by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Pan Qing Shan , Liu Wei , Huang Du Shu , Zhou Bo , Wu Na , Shi Ling
Published: May 2013

The cadmium in the Radix aucklandiae was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry after the Radix aucklandiae was treated by high pressure digestion. The effect of cobalt chloride to determination of cadmium by atomic fluorescence spectrometry was studied in this paper. The linear relationship was best when the concentration of cadmium standard solution at 0-10ug/L. The linear equation of standard curve was If=290.50×C+19.06. R= 0.9996,while the detection limits was 0.49ng/L,with a relative standard deviation of 0.37% .The cadmium content in the Radix aucklandiae was 56.8-72.3µg/kg with a recovery range of 81.6%-87.2%.
Preparation YbFeO3 by Microwave Assisted Method and its Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Jia Ling Xiang , Zhu Jun Yue , Lin Ting Ting , Jiang Zhen , Tang Chao Wan , Tang Pei Song , Chen Hai Feng
Published: May 2013

Using Yb(NO3)3•6H2O and Fe(NO3)3•9H2O as raw material, the YbFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted method. The YbFeO3 nanoparticles were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). It was found that the prepared YbFeO3 show an average grain size of 80 nm in diameter, and strong visible-light absorption with absorption onset of 608 nm, indicating a narrow optical band gap of 2.04eV. Consequently, the YbFeO3 nanoparticles show high photocatalytic activity for decomposition of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation.
Cholesterol-Imprinted Receptor Using Chitosan Derivative as the Precursor
Authors: Guan Huai Min , Tong Yue Jin , Zheng Jin Hua , Li Xiang
Published: May 2013

Research has been focused on the development of molecularly imprinted polymers using a chitosan derivative as the precursor. An O-acyl chitosan was synthesized by the selective protection of amino groups of chitosan in MeSO3H and was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde in the presence/ absence of template molecule, cholesterol. The effect of the degree of the acyl substitution on the selection of precursor was investigated, regarding the solubility of chitosan derivative, interaction between the precursor and imprinted molecule, and degree of the cross-linking of precursor. The rebinding experiments indicated the significant recognition for cholesterol with imprinted polymer as compared with non-imprinted polymer. It was found that a good binding capacity of the imprinted polymer towards cholesterol could be achieved in a less-polar solvent. And the O-acyl chitosan-based molecularly imprinted polymer obtained displayed good recognition selectivity for cholesterol in comparison to similarly strctural analogue, cholesterol acetate.
Stilbene Molecular Probes as Potential Materials for Bioengineering: Real Time Analysis of Antioxidants and Nitric Oxide, Immunoassay in Solution and Biomembranes Fluidity
Authors: Likhtenshtein Gertz I.
Published: May 2013

A series of fluorescent methods of analysis and investigation of system based on the use of stilbenes and potentially important in biochemistry, biophysics, biotechnology, and biomedicine were proposed and developed. In these methods, two new types of stilbene molecular probes have been used: (i) fluorescent photochrome molecules and (ii) super molecules containing fluorescent and fluorescent quenching segments. These methods utilize the following photochemical and photophysical phenomena: the fluorescence and phosphorescence quenching, photochrome photoisomerization, and triplet–triplet and singlet–singlet energy transfer. The fluorescence properties of the new probes were intensively exploited as the basis of several methodologies that include a real-time analysis of nitric oxide, immunoassay in solution, investigation of molecular dynamics of biomembranes in a wide range characteristic times, and characterization of sensors for antibodies. These techniques may be adapted to fibro-optic sensoring.
The Study on the Effect of Er on the Structure and Properties of Ti/SnO2-Sb Anode Prepared by Pechini’s Method
Authors: Li Shan Ping , Zeng Xue Yuan , Jiang Yan Yan
Published: May 2013

The Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode with/without Er were manufactured by Pechini’s method. The electrodes were characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, the oxygen evolution potential test and their electro-catalytic abilities were evaluated though nitenpyram degradation. XRD and FT-IR results showed that the structure of the electrodes were Sn-base sosoloid without Er and Sb phases. The Er3+iron entering the unit cell of SnO2(Sn4+) could cause the grain refinement, the surface enrichment of Sb and Er, stronger water absorbability, and higher anode potential. These consequently generated more active sites and less oxygen vacancies on the anode surface, leading the improving of the electro-catalytic performance. The grain refinement mechanism for Er doping may be ascribed to the increase of the surface composition supercooling, the acceleration of the SnO2generation rate, and the restrain of its growth rate.
Preparation Technology of Pterostilbene-Cyclodextrin Inclusion and Evaluation for Release Performance
Authors: Zhang Yue , Feng Wei , Yu Yi Feng , Zhao Shu Chun , Shang Zhen Hua
Published: May 2013

A preparation technology, characterization and release performance of pterostilbene cyclodextrin inclusion is investigated.
Shenfouweikang Herbs Inhibit Dysplasia in Rat Chronic Atrophy Gastrititis Model
Authors: Lin Huan Ping , Wang Xiao Ping , Wang Qiao Xia , Li Shou Chao
Published: May 2013

Purpose: To explore the anti-proliferation effect of the Shenfouweikang in treatment of chronic atrophy gastrititis. Methods: Wistar rat was used as the experimental model. The rats were divided into three groups, one control and the two drug administration experimental groups. Animals in the two experimental groups received either Shenfouweikang or Dele granule over a 90-day period starting at the first day after drug administration. Animals received saline as controls. All the rats were sacrificed at 91 days after treatment. The anti-proliferation effect was assessed by two ways: (1) The weight was periodically measured during the life of the animals. (2) The morphological changes of gastric mucous were examined by pathology analysis. (3) The expression of heat shock protein 70 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with controls and Dele granular powder, the dysplasia in rat chronic atrophy gastrititis model was significantly inhibited and reversed in the Shenfouweikang decoction group. The expression of heat shock protein 70 was decreased after Shenfouweikang herbs treatment. Conclusion: Shenfouweikang herbs could produce anti-proliferation effect through reversing the dysplasia of chronic atrophy gastrititis through down-regulating the expression of heat shock protein 70.
Electro-Catalytic Degradation of Nitenpyram Wastewater Using C/PTFE Gas Diffusion Electrode
Authors: Li Shan Ping , Ma Xiang Ru , Cao Xiao Hong , Dong Yan Wen
Published: May 2013

Oxidation of nitenpyram in aqueous media by electro-Fenton process using carbon/polytetrafluoroethylene (C/PTFE) O2-fed cathode has been studied in this article. ABO3 perovskite was used in electrode as catalyst of improving Fenton reaction efficiency. And the parameters for nitenpyram degradation with the electrode were determined by Central Composite Design-Response Surface Methodology. Current intensity 0.35A and pH 3.34 provided the optimum catalytic degradation. Furthermore, the main degradation intermediates formed during electro-Fenton oxidation treatment were studied with liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) method. The main aromatic intermediates of electro-Fenton reaction were allowed to compose a complete mineralization pathway.
Molecular Characterization of Avermectin that Bind to Rdl β5 GABA Receptors of House Fly
Authors: Hao Ming , Wang Qiang , Ma Qing Qing , Zhao Jin Long , Hou Wan Guo , Chen Li Hua
Published: May 2013

The interaction between Rdlβ5 GABA receptors of house fly before and after mutation and AVM was considered as the reason that AVM cause the insect death and investigated with Sybylx1.1 software. The docking results showed that the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction played an important role among the complexes of Rdlβ5 GABA receptor and avermectin. Hydrogen bond of 2.217 Å formed between B/Ser58 of GABA receptor and atom O42 of avermectin before mutation, 1.953 Å hydrogen bond formed between A/Gln6 of GABA receptor and hydroxyl (C7) of avermectin after mutation. In addition, our results indicated that the binding free energy (ΔE) of AVM and GABA receptors increased 3.59 kcal mol−1 after mutation, which was consistent with the experimental phenomenon of the insecticidal resistance to AVM.
Conversion of Waste Paper Sludge into Heavy Metal Adsorbent Using Sulfur Impregnation
Authors: Wajima Takaaki
Published: May 2013

During the manufacture of recycled paper, paper sludge is discharged as an industrial waste. The amount of sludge discharged from manufacturing plants increases annually. In this study, the organic constituents, such as cellulose, in the sludge were converted into carbonaceous heavy metal absorbents using sulfur treatment. Paper sludge was washed with 5 M HCl solution to remove inorganic content, and then immersed in 1 M K2S solution for 24 h. After immersion, the sample was heated at 800 °C for 1 h under N2 atmosphere, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the product. The sludge was mainly composed of inorganic content, such as calcite, kaolinite and talc, and organic content. Calcite was removed with acid washing and sulfur was impregnated into the sludge by immersing it into the K2S solution. The product with sulfur impregnation indicated higher removal abilities for lead and nickel than those without sulfur impregnation.
Evaluation of Scale Problems for Libyan Water Wells
Authors: Elazhari Omar Ahmed , Elbasir Ali A. , Eshtwi Mohamed
Published: May 2013

The presence of salts in water is a common phenomenon that leads to scale problems under certain operating conditions. The formation of scale from water is troublesome problem .these deposits may be found in domestic hot water heaters and in several of cooling water systems such as heat exchangers. These deposits are undesirable because such uncontrolled scale may build up to such an extent that flow through pipes is reduced as well as fouling. More over this problem leads to shut down of the plant units consequently.this may increase the production and maintenance costs The objective of this study is to evaluate and predict scale formation in different locations for Libyan water sources. and classify ground and surface water from corrosion and scale problem , using proper soft wares for calculating Langeliar saturation index (LSI). Many factors affecting scale and corrosion were involved in this study among of them temperature and PH of water as well as the chemical composition. The results of this study indicate the state of water wells for nine cities of Libya All water samples show that the scale tendency is affected by temperature of the wells and independent on wells depth .
Optimization Studies on Acid Hydrolysis of Pretreated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Production of Xylose by Application of Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Duangwang S. , Sangwichien C.
Published: May 2013

Oil palm empty fruit bunch is a lignocellulosic material from palm oil plantations. It is a potential source of xylose which can be used as a raw material for production of xylitol. Using of lignocellulosic waste for bioconversion to fuels and chemicals is justifiable as these materials are low cost, renewable and widespread sources of sugars. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of H2SO4 concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time for acid hydrolysis of pretreated OPEFB, pretreated OPEFB with reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration were 130 °C, 40 min and 15% (w/v), respectively to achieve high xylose yield. Batch reactions were carried out under various reaction temperature, reaction time and H2SO4 concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was followed to optimize acid hydrolysis in order to obtain high yield of xylose. The optimum reaction temperature, reaction time and H2SO4 concentration were found to be 140 °C, 90 min and 7% (w/v), respectively. The maximum value of xylose was obtained 56.39 g/l by using the above condition. The best result of xylose yield obtained was 126%.
Kinetics of LIS-100 Cation Exchange Resin to Remove Reaction Substrate of Non-Enzymatic Browning in Clarified Apple Juice
Authors: Yi Jian Hua , Li Mei Li , Zhu Zhen Bao
Published: May 2013

In order to inhibit non-enzymatic browning in clarified Fuji apple juice during storage, four kinds of cation exchange resins were compared for their abilities to exchange and remove amino acids, the reaction substrates of non-enzymatic browning in apple juice. The favorite resin, LSI-100, was screened to carry out static and dynamic adsorption experiments. The results showed that LSI-100 cation exchange resin had the best capacity for adsorption and removal amino acids. The equilibrium time of LSI-100 resin for amino acids was 3.5h.And the isotherm of LSI-100 resin could be described by Freundlich at 20°C. Additionally, the flow rates, temperature and concentrations of amino acids in apple juice affected the dynamic kinetic curves of LSI-100 cation exchange resin and the better dynamic exchange and adsorption parameters were as follows: flow rate 4BV/h, temperature 50°C,and amino acid concentration 30mg/100g apple juice.
Structural Evolution and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by DC-Reactive Sputtering Technique
Authors: Rabih Laith , Sudjatmoko  , Triyana Kuwat , Nurwantoro Pekik
Published: May 2013

Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) thin films have been deposited on glass substrates under various conditions by using a homemade reactive DC sputtering technique. The TiO2 has unique characteristics and economical alternative material for transparent conductivity oxide thin films compared with other materials. In this study, titanium (Ti) has been used as a target while argon (Ar) and oxygen (O22</subthin films has been measured by using a calibrated I-V meter. On the other hand, the transparency, microstructure and component of TiO2 thin films have been investigated respectively by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer, XRD and SEM (EDX). The thickness of TiO2 films, the grain size and the band gap have been also successfully estimated. As a result, the conductivity of films increased for Dt at 1 hour to 3.5 hours and decreased for Dt at 4 hours. It means that the optimum Dt was at about 3.5 hours. It may be related to the thickness (structures) of the films. In addition, the thickness and grain size increased by increasing Dt, while the band gap decreased when the film structure changed from non-crystalline structure to crystalizing structure.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical/Metallurgical Properties of Direct Metal Laser Sintered 17-4 Precipitate Hardened Stainless Steel
Authors: Kumpaty Subha , Kamara Sheku , Tomlin Brandon , Yoo Jisun , Kumpaty Hephzibah , Anderson Daniel , Govindaraju M. , Kanoongo Nitin , Balasubramanian K.
Published: May 2013

Greatbatch Medical, specializing in orthopedic implants and instruments, is currently utilizing direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) technology to develop concept prototypes. Greatbatch uses EOS GP1 Stainless Steel which adheres to the American standard for 17-4 Precipitation Hardened SS. Following DMLS, Greatbatch heat treats its parts to obtain desirable mechanical properties. In this study, three different heat treatment methods were examined: heat treatment and stress relief (HT+SR), stress relief (SR), and solution aging and annealing (SAA). The Vickers Hardness Test and the Tensile Strength Test were used to assess the mechanical properties of each sample. The research also included grain structure analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope and surface roughness studies via profilometer measurements. For example, the HT+SR sample yielded 456 HV (hardness), an ultimate tensile strength of 1319 MPa, an yield strength of 1120 MPa, and 6.36% elongation. It was found that compared to the untreated sample, HT+SR decreased the total elongation by 73% and SAA decreased total elongation by 17% and additionally decreased hardness by 17%. It was learnt that stress relieving the part after DMLS was the superior method of choice based on its resulting mechanical properties. It was found that the grain structure of the non-treated sample resembled a solution treated sample and the stress-relieved sample actually matched an age-hardened sample. The sample that was precipitation hardened was actually over-aged. Thus it was found that the DMLS process seemed to be acting as an aging process while simultaneously building the part. Further studies in examining specific effects of DMLS and how it impacts what order heat treatments should follow would be appropriate.
Flow Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of an As-Wrought Duplex Stainless Steel during Hot Compression Deformation
Authors: Chen Lei , Ma Xiao Cong , Wang Ming Jia , Huang Hua Gui
Published: May 2013

The flow behavior and microstructural evolution of an as-wrought duplex stainless steel has been investigated by Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator within the temperature range of 950-1200°C and the strain rate range of 0.1-10s-1. The flow curves exhibited a peak stress characteristic followed by dynamic softening and the strain for appearance of steady stress is bigger at higher strain rate than at lower strain rate. The apparent activation energy (Q) and the apparent stress exponent (n) of the test steel are obtained to be about 462 kj/mol and 3.95, respectively. The relationship between peak stress (σp) and Zener-Holomon parameter (Z) is obtained, whereby the σp can be predicted at differern hot working conditons. The results of microstructural observation show that the austenite softens by the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) which can be dominantly responsib le for dynamic softening, while the ferrite phase mainly continues to exhibit dynamic recovery (DRV).
Tensile Properties of Processed 3D Printer ZP150 Powder Material
Authors: Gharaie Saleh H. , Morsi Yos , Masood S.H.
Published: May 2013

3D Printing is one of the few powder-bed type rapid prototyping (RP) technologies, which allows fabrication of parts using powder materials. Understanding of mechanical properties of 3D parts made by this process is essential to explore more applications of this technology. In general, the mechanical properties of many RP produced parts depend on the process parameters andalso on post-processing methods of that RP process. Very few studies have been made to characterize the mechanical properties of 3D Printing processed parts. This paper presents an experimental investigation on how tensile properties of parts fabricated by 3D Printing is affected by 3D Printing build orientation, and by post-processing methods of infiltration process and drying of parts. Results obtained forvarious parameters are compared to investigate the optimum procedure to achieve the highest tensile strength using ZP150 powder material.
Improvement of Thermal Stability of Nickel Silicide Using Co-Sputtering of Ni and Ti on Boron Cluster Implanted Ultra-Shallow Junction for Nanoscale CMOS Technology
Authors: Li Meng , Oh Sung Kwen , Shin Hong Sik , Lee Hi Deok
Published: May 2013

In this paper, Ni-silicide formed by co-sputtering of Ni and Ti on a boron cluster (BF2, B18H22) implanted ultra-shallow source/drain for MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) is proposed. Ni and Ti with a TiN capping layer were deposited by co-sputtering on boron cluster implanted wafer. By analysis of its sheet resistance, interfacial structures, surface morphological stability, and phase formation after post-silicidation annealing, thermal stability of Ni-silicide was found to be improved a lot.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Palm Fruit Pyrolysis in a Fast Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Mtui P.L.
Published: May 2013

The palm fruit biomass is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor bed and the transport equations for heat, mass and momentum transfer are solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach is employed to model fluidizing behavior of the sand for an externally heated reactor prior to the introduction of the biomass. The particle motion in the reactor is computed using the drag laws which depend on the local volume fraction of each phase. Heat transfer from the fluidized bed to the biomass particles together with the pyrolysis reactions were simulated by Fluent CFD code through user-defined function (UDF). Spontaneous production of pyrolysis oil, char and non-condensable gases (NCG) confirm the observation widely reported in literature. The computer model can potentially be used to assess other candidate biomass sources also to assist design of optimized pyrolysis reactors.
Production of Lightweight Ceramsite from the Yellow River Silt and its Performance Investigation in a Biological Aerated Filer (BAF) Reactor
Authors: Li Shan Ping , Cao Xiao Hong , Ma Xiang Ru , Xu Jie , Dong Yan Wen
Published: May 2013

This study discussed the possibility of employing the Yellow River Silt (YRS) as the starting materials to produce lightweight ceramisite (LWC) by a non-sintering process. Cement and sodium silicate were used as additives. The performance of the LWC serving as a biomedium in a biological aerated reactor (BAF) for hospital wastewater treatment was investigated and the optimum operation condition was studied. Results presented that: (1) YRS could be used to prepare the LWC under the propitious condition (the ratio of YRS to cement was 75:25, the percentage of sodium silicate was 7% and the curing time was 5 d); (2) LWC could be used as a packing medium in the BAF. The BAF has large removal efficiencies on COD¬cr and NH3-N when the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the ratio of air to liquid (A/L) and the height of packing medium were 6 h, 5:1 and 80 cm respectively.
A New-Type of Phenolic Resin Sand Control and its Construction Technology
Authors: Zhang Fu Sheng , Ouyang Jian , Ma Xin Tong , Feng Xin Fang
Published: May 2013

The structure of phenolic resin was improved to enhance consolidation strength and decrease resin dosage according to its curing mechanism, and sand control costs was decreased greatly, phenolic resin with a higher consolidation strength at the lower temperature was synthesized, some factors which effect its consolidation strength was investigated deeply. Phenolic resin can be diluted with water and to be carried to subterranean formation by the synergism of the powder gain adsorptivity and the surfactant dispersity.