bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New therapeutic approach with ozoile® to the EAC eczema, a chronic and annoying pathology
Authors: Di Maria Domenico
Published: May 2021

The Eczema of the external auditory canal (EAC) is a challenge for the otolaryngologist and it’s a pathology that can annoy the patients and, in the most extreme cases, compromise their quality of life. Hence patients with eczema of EAC are exposed to a greater number of bacterial (acute bacterial otitis externa) or fungal (otomycosis) infections. The therapies proposed as of now for chronic eczematous external otitis (more than 3 months) are empirical. The most widely used drugs in this condition are topical corticosteroids which unfortunately can lead to dehydration of the skin, hypotropism with a reduction in their effectiveness over time Ozoile® (Stable Ozonides with Vitamin E acetate) acts as a biological inducer, regulates the main metabolic pathways, stimulates the endogenous defense system and through the regulation of gene transcription promotes tissue regeneration and damage-injury repair. This biological inducer has anti-inflammatory, anti-itching and anti-microbial action. Based on these results, the author used Ozoile® for the treatment of chronic eczematous external otitis (symptoms lasting more than three months). Sixty patients suffering from chronic eczematous otitis externa (CEOE) were recruited and given 1 month of treatment with 5 drops per ear in the morning and in the evening. Through a visual analogue scale (minimum score 0 and maximum 10 depending on the severity of the symptoms) the parameters itching, secretions, flaking and complications were evaluated at the beginning of the treatment (time 0) and at one month (time 1). After the treatment the results were as follow: 62.5% itching reduction, desquamation reduction by 72%, reduction of secretions by 80%. Total absence of side effects. We can conclude that Ozoile® (Stable Ozonides with Vitamin E acetate) has an excellent "outcome" in EAC eczema even for prolonged periods and is a manageable and complication-free biological inducer.
Evaluation of graft taking and hearing threshold after tympanoplasty
Authors: Taha Yaseen Ehab , Abdul Qader Ali Mohamed , Qahtan Khalaf Adnan , Thanoon Ali Zeno
Published: May 2021

Background: Tympanoplasty is one of the surgical procedures mainly aimed to restoring the hearing loss and eradication of chronic middle ear diseases. Aim: To evaluate the hearing threshold preoperatively and postoperatively in patients who were subjected to tympanoplasty procedures. Patients and methods: This prospective study included 27 patients attended ENT department of AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital ,from February -2017 to October- 2018 , The age of patients between (10-60 years) of both gender . they presented with hearing loss as a result of chronic suppurative otitis media. After full assessment and proper preparation , They underwent Tympanoplasty procedure through post auricular incision using underlay temporalis fascia graft , The type of Tympanoplasty procedure was planned according to the status of the middle ear and ossicular chain .To eradicate disease from both the mastoid and middle ear cavity procedure and could be combined with mastoidectomy, Patients were evaluated preoperatively and followed up for 6 months postoperatively, pure Tone Audiogram was done to asses the change in hearing. Results: The study included 27 patients, (74.06%) of them were the age group between (21–40) years , the least number of patients were younger than 21 years and older than 51 years , 16 females (59.3%) and 11 males (40.7%) , Patients were classified according to tympanoplasty procedures into five groups : (Group1):10 patients (37.03%) underwent only Type I tympanoplasty. (Group2): 11 patients (40.7%) Type I with Cortical Mastoidectomy. (Group3): 2 patients (7.4%) Type II with Cortical Mastoidectomy. (Group4): 3 patients (11.1%) Type III with Cortical Mastoidectomy (Group5): one patient (3.7%) Type III with Modified Radical Mastoidectomy. They had a mean Air-Bone gap improvements were (9.66 dB), (17.4 dB), (13.2 dB), (9.60 dB) and (5.54 dB) respectively. The overall graft success rate was (92.5%). Conclusion: Significant improvement was noted in the subjective symptom of hearing loss following the tympanoplasty procedures. The mean Air-Bone gap closure was greatest for type I with cortical mastoidectomy; followed by type II with Cortical Mastoidectomy, type I alone and then type III with Cortical Mastoidectomy. Modified radical mastoidectomy was associated with the least hearing improvement as otherwise.
Do repeated adenoidctomy challenging the post adenoidectomy bleeding control
Authors: Qobty Abdelaziz , Al-Qahtani Ali S , Almothahbi Ali , Al Hariri Nadiah
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the data of patients underwent adenoidectomy in Otorhinolaryngological practice, and determine the incidence of adenoid regrowth after adenoidectomy evaluate complications of surgery& challenging in management of these complications. Setting: Tertiary referral centre. Methods: Retrospective study over 5 years of all adenoidectomy cases at Aseer central hospital during the period from January 2013 to January 2017. Patient’s demographic data, recurrent cases and post op complications were analysed. Results: A total 201 cases underwent adenoidectomy 117 (58.2%) Male and 84(41.8%) were female. The age range was from1 year to 9year; . shows that 98.0% of the sample have (No Recurrence), 2.0% ( 4 cases ) have (Recurrence Underwent 2ND Adenoidctomy.95.5% of the sample don’t have complications, 4.5% ( 9 cases ) have (complications)which is bleeding per mouth , 7 cases managed surgically and 2 cases managed conservative. Conclusion: Adenoid regrowth after adenoidectomy is rare about 2% & most common complications noticed is bleeding per mouth.
The effect of mobile phone use on hearing on pure tone audiometry
Authors: Malik Priya , Singla Aditi , Wadhera Raman , Gupta Navdeep
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Mobile phones as fastest means of communication, indispensable for daily life globally. The widespread use has given rise to concerns about the potential health hazards of its electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human health. The present study was conducted to investigate the adverse effects of mobile phone usage on auditory functions and to study the pattern of hearing threshold in mobile phone users. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the effect of mobile phone on average pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold of the person and to study the changes in the pure tone threshold at high frequencies such as 2 kHz, 4 kHz, and 8 kHz among the students with prolonged exposure to mobile phones. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical and paramedical students who have been using mobile phones for one year or more, divided in two groups. Group A- less than one hour per day and GroupB- more than one hour per day. The effect of mobile phones on the PTA threshold in the exposed ear and the nonexposed ear was also assessed. Results: The study shows that there is a significant difference in average air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) hearing threshold among the exposed and the nonexposed ears (P < 0.05) especially at high frequency. A significant rise of both AC and BC threshold in group B more than group A also noted in this study. Conclusion: The study conducted shows changes in the hearing threshold with mobile usage. The technology along with comfort also brings some hazards, hence to limit the duration of usage of mobile phones.
Quality of life between early stage and advanced stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in dr. sardjito hospital yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rai Indrasari Sagung , Fajaria Ratu , Herdini Camelia , Yudistira Danu
Published: May 2021

Background: Patients with advanced stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) have much better quality of life compared to other types of cancer, which causes the patients to experience misdiagnosis or they go to see the doctor in an already advanced stage, consequently therapy becomes more complex. Research used specific questionnaire measurements for head and neck cancer, which was the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H & N35) to detect small changes in NPC patients’ quality of life at the initial clinical staging is required. Method: A cross sectional study, all observations on research subjects were made once at the beginning of NPC staging and on the same episode in ENT Policlinic Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia, starting from September 2018 - March 2019. Result: Derived from 78 research subjects consist of 50 men & 28 women diagnosed with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, on NPC patients research subject with European Organization For Research And Treatment Of Cancer - Head and Neck Cancer assessment of Life Quality Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H & N35) resulted that the early stages who had good quality of life were 11 patients (14.1%) and poor quality of life was 1 patient (1.3%), while advanced stage NPC patients who had good quality of life were 62 patients (79.5%) and 4 patients had poor quality of life (5.1%).
Single stage cochlear implantation in radical mastoid cavity- a surgical dilemma
Authors: K Panda Naresh , Nayak Gyanaranjan , Verma Roshan
Published: May 2021

Objective: To describe the potential problems of cochlear implantation in mastoid cavity with possibilities of extrusion of electrode array by breakdown of epithelial lining or flap cover recurrent cholesteatoma and spread of infection to the implant. The issues with surgical management and subsequent follow up is discussed. Methods: In a Series of 170 Cochlear Implantations at our centre, four patients had Cochlear Implantation with Blind sac closure, complete removal of epithelium from the radical mastoid cavity, obliteration of the cavity with temporoparietal fascia flap and electrode insertion. Follow up ranging from 21 months up to 84 months is available. One patient during follow up had to undergo re implantation due to extrusion of the electrodes. Results: All the patients had good outcome regarding hearing improvement. One of the patients had to undergo exploration and re implantation of electrodes due to extrusion of electrodes through the external auditory canal. This patient had a canal cholesteatoma. Discussion: An important issue in single stage procedure is ensuring complete removal of fibro epithelial lining of the cavity. The advantage is cost reduction and minimizes the need for multiple general anesthesia. A follow up CT scan at regular intervals is required to detect recurrence. Conclusions: The patients undergoing cochlear implantation in a radical mastoid cavity require intensive follow up with computerized tomography to detect recidivism, Single stage cochlear implantation in radical mastoid cavity is an appropriate therapeutic decision by the cochlear implant surgeon.
Reinke’s oedema and hypothyroidism: a correlation in an old woman
Authors: Massimo Magro Valerio , Coppola Carla , Caturano Michele , Maria Lanni Veronica , Boccalone Eugenio
Published: May 2021

A 71-year-old woman presented fatigue, hoarse voice, swelling of the face and eyelids and psychomotor slowdown on admission. She had history of smoking and she was postmenopausal. Lab studies revealed hypothyroidism. By the laryngeal examination we diagnosed Reinke’s bilateral oedema. After 30 days of levotiroxina therapy we observed reduction of Reinke’s bilateral oedema.
Skin reconstruction of the temporo parotid region
Authors: Bedini Ivo , Acosta Lautaro , Cavalieri Luciano , Ruggeri Carlos Santiago
Published: May 2021

bjectives: To determine the result of reconstruction with local or regional flaps of skin defects in the temporo-parotid region, after resection of malignant parotid gland and ear tumors, and to establish a reconstruction algorithm according to the size of the defect. Methods: The electronic medical records of the patients who underwent surgery for malignant tumors of the parotid gland and ear with invasion of the skin of the region, and who had reconstructions of the skin defect with local and regional flaps, were selected. The surgeries were performed by the surgical team of the Otorhinolaryngology service of the Italian hospital in Buenos Aires between 2005 and 2018. Results: Five patients were included.There were two malignant parotid gland tumors with histology of adenoid cystic carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and three temporal bone tumors: squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma in another and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The reconstructions were made with local or regional flaps. In skin defects smaller than 8cm the reconstructions were made with cervical and scalp flaps. In skin defects larger than 8cm the pectoralis major musculoctaneous flap were used. No patient had partial or total necrosis of the flaps. Conclusions: The results of the reconstructions with local and regional flaps of the skin defects caused by the resection of malignant tumors of the ear and the parotid gland were very good, since they allowed the repair of the defect with a good aesthetic result, without the need to perform grafts in the donor area and with few minor complications. In patients with advanced malignant tumors of the ear and parotid gland with infiltration of the surrounding skin, it is better to do the reconstruction with local or regional flaps due to the greater simplicity and speed of the surgical technique, similar aesthetic results and few complications.
The comparative analysis of global pandemics of two respective genre
Authors: Rudra Tapash
Published: May 2021

The ongoing global pandemic that has been demolishing every aspect of humankind is truly unprecedented. The mankind experienced the variety of catastrophe since last few centuries, however, this deadly epidemic is extremely unique. This is not restricted to a particular geographical periphery, more importantly, it is not ethnicity dependent. If we could revert back, the last global epidemic of such proportion that is Spanish Flu (1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic) had plenty of similarities with the ongoing disaster in terms of the prevalence across the globe, epidemiology and associated attributes. Scientific fraternity across the world is trying the heart out to depict the origin of this deadly disaster but to say the least, there has been more argument than settlement. However, the most crucial part that coincidentally blends both the epidemics in a perfect order is the infodemic that without a shadow of doubt is the most staggering obstacle to deal with. In this paper a comprehensive effort has been put forward to illustrate the comparative analysis between the global pandemics of two respective genre. At the same time, the best possible lay outs have been also discussed to overhaul the ongoing crisis.
Laryngeal framework surgery
Authors: Amaral Catani Guilherme Simas do , Carvalho Catani Maria Eduarda , Schiavon Kinasz Letícia Raysa , Alves Marroni Gabriela , Botelho Soares Marcelly , Scarabotto Patrícia Cristina , Hamerschmidt Rogério
Published: May 2021

Laryngeal framework surgery is defined as surgical procedures performed on the laryngeal skeleton and the insertion of muscles to correct vocal fold positioning and tension. Its main objective is to improve the voice without directly intervening in the vocal folds. The European Society of Laryngology proposed in 2000 a classification and nomenclature of these surgeries according to their purpose. Such standardization has divided these procedures into four groups: Approximation laryngoplasty, Expansion laryngoplasty, Relaxation laryngoplasty, and Tensioning laryngoplasty. Indications, techniques, and complications of each procedure will be described in this review.
Audiological evaluation in children and adolescents with turner syndrome by otoacustic emissions
Authors: Carvalho Bettina
Published: May 2021

Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by short stature and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, associated with typical somatic features. Although hearing loss (HL) was not reported in Henry Turner first description of the disease, it has been brought to attention in the last decades in many studies. But the true nature of this problem is still unknown due to inconsistent data resulting from different study methodology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate hearing of TS girls using Audiometry and Otoacustic emissions, both Distortion product (DPOAEs) and Transient (TOAEs) in the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital and hearing complaints of these patients. Materials and Methods: prospective cross-sectional study of TS girls aging from six to 19 years old. Results: 13 patients with TS (26 ears) were evaluated. They showed in Audiometry: normal hearing in 14 ears, NSHL in three ears, conductive in seven and mixed HL in two ears (12 alterations). In the DPOAEs: 19 absent responses (73.1% of cases) in at least one frequency, and in TOAEs: 16 absent responses (61.5%). 15 absent responses in both tests (57.7%). Five patients had history of chronic otitis media. Conclusion: The presence of auditory alterations in TS patients assessed by OAE was high, with presence of history of chronic otitis media and their complications. Only one patient had hearing complaints. These findings should bring to attention HL in these patients, even without complaints.
Photography in dentistry: A perspective
Authors: N Hegde Mithra , B Sodvadiya Urvashi
Published: May 2021

Photography is an “informative tool” to evaluate the diagnosis, make the proper treatment plan, document cases, communicate with the dental technician and other specialties for a multidisciplinary approach. These all can be achieved by only a good photograph with illumination, sharpness, and proper color contrast. This article emphasizes on photography and technical aspects which are required to understand photography in the field of dentistry. By using accessories like photographic mirror, contrastors and retractors, we can record the details of a targeted area. The advances in techniques of photography gives good results provided one understands the complexity of the camera-system.
Comparison between the draf IIc and standard draf IIb procedure for frontal sinus drainage: single center experience and comparison of outcomes
Authors: Kvarantan Aigerim , Poje Gorazd , Kalogjera Livije
Published: May 2021

Aims: Inadequate surgical frontal sinus drainage in chronic sinusitis cases refractory to conservative treatment results in a poor clinical response and is associated with recurrent frontal recess stenosis. Endonasal frontal sinus drainage procedures are classified according to Draf into three groups: DrafIIb enables unilateral orbit to septum drainage and the IIc is the extension of the IIb across the midline. The purpose of our report is to review chronic sinusitis cases treated at our Department using the standard (IIb) or modified (IIc) procedure and compare results. Methods: Patient- and surgery-related data were retrieved on patients operated between 2013 and 2016 for chronic frontal sinusitis using the standard/modified DrafIIb procedure.The modified IIb (i.e. IIc) procedure was performed so that both frontal sinus ostia were visualized by performing an intersinusseptectomy: the aim was to provide drainage to both frontal sinuses simultaneously. Results: In the observed period, 26 patients were treated: 12 using the modified DrafIIb (IIc) and 14 using the standard DrafIIb procedure. There were no significant differences between groups regarding age, sex, number of previous procedures or follow-up period. All patients had an uneventful postoperative recovery and there were no cases of re-stenosis observed in the DrafIIc group; there were seven cases of restenosis in the DrafIIb group.
A case report of gingival tuberculosis: an Otolaryngologist’s perspective
Authors: Kumar Pandey Apoorva , Maithani Tripti , Bhardwaj Aparna
Published: May 2021

Tuberculous infection of the oral cavity is an exceedingly rare clinical entity and it generally occurs secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, with the gingival involvement as its only primary finding. Due to its rarity and atypical presentation this condition often gets misdiagnosed. We report here a case of secondary oral tuberculosis in a 44 year old male patient who presented with gingival involvement. The diagnosis was based on sputum examination, radiology of chest, montaux test and histopathology. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is important for management of this clinical condition.
Spontaneous temporal cerebrospinal fluid leak
Authors: Borges Moreira Bárbara Cecília , de Azevedo Alexandre Fernandes , Castro Mirian Cabral Moreira de
Published: May 2021

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks of the temporal bone are uncommon conditions, but with increasing incidence in the last years. They represent the osteodural defect of the middle and posterior fossae floor with consequent communication between the subarachnoid space and the middle ear and mastoid cells, not associated with a history of trauma, chronic infections, tumors, surgery or irradiation. Physiopathogenesis is not well defined, being associated with the faulty development of the temporal bone and/or the presence of aberrant arachnoid granulations, in addition to being favored by idiopathic intracranial hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea and obesity. It has the potential for serious neurological complications, which is why surgical treatment is recommended. The main approaches involve transmastoid access and craniotomy access through the middle fossa, or a combination of both. This paper reports on a case attended at Grupo Santa Casa BH and performs a literature review and on aspects related to the clinical presentation and management of the condition.
Surgical results of type I tympanoplasty during the years 2014 to 2019, at the hospital universitario clínica San Rafael in Bogotá
Authors: Murcia DP Monsalve , Tolosa C Macias
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of postoperative tympanic reperforations at three months and at six months, in patients who underwent type I tympanoplasty in the otorhinolaryngology service of San Rafael University Clinical Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, during the years 2014 to 2019. Methodology: retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Study population and methods: The data were collected from the review of otology outpatient medical records, who met the selection criteria and the surgical criteria for institutional type I tympanoplasty. Results: 47 patients were operated on. 62% were female and 38% male. Postoperative reperforation was evidenced in 8.5% of the total sample. None were before three months, 1 patient between 3 and 6 months postoperative and 3 patients after 6 months postoperative. The most frequent cause for which a patient was led to type I tympanoplasty was infectious, (66%). The otorhinolaryngological comorbidity most frequently associated with perforations was chronic otitis media (COM), in 51%. The audiometries performed showed an improvement of 17% and 20% between the preoperative and postoperative PTA, in the right ear and in the left ear, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that the type of tympanoplasty used in the institution is effective for the anatomical closure of the tympanic perforations included in our study, despite the associated poor prognostic factors, recommending the use of this surgical technique and this type of cartilaginous graft to achieve this main objective.
Open and closed treatment of chest injuries: mortality, hospitalization, trauma indices and physiological data
Authors: Pereira de Godoy Jose Maria , de Assis Cury Francisco , Godoy OT Maria de Fatima Guerreiro , Godoy OT Fatima Guerreiro
Published: May 2021

Background: In more than half of cases of chest trauma, patients also have head injuries, abdominal injuries or polytrauma. Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare open and closed treatment for chest injuries according to mortality, hospitalization, trauma indices and physiological data. Method: Three hundred sixty-seven patients (293 males and 74 females) with an Anatomic Injury Scale (AIS) score of 2 or more for thoracic trauma were evaluated. The following aspects were evaluated associations between treatment (open and closed) for chest injury, discharge from hospital, hospitalization and death, Trauma indices Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) and TRISS, Blood pressure, diastolic pressure, respiratory rate and pulse. Results: No significant associations were found between the type of treatment (open or closed procedure) and discharge from hospital, hospitalization or death (p = 0.3).No significant associations were found between the type of treatment (open or closed procedure) and the trauma indices, blood pressure, pulse or respiratory rate.
Ferroptosis and its facet in Cancer therapy
Authors: Shreshtha Shreya
Published: May 2021

Ferroptosis is a regulated process impelled by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It is a new type of cell destruction processes including apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. It demonstrates mainly the contraction of mitochondria and expansion of mitochondrial membrane density which does not lead to any alteration in morphology. Due to the malfunctioning of ferroptosis several disorders arise which includes damage of one or more nerve which leads to numbness and muscle weakness whereas ischemia reperfusion injury, acute kidney failure and cancer also occurs. Also, ferroptosis is induced in large number of cancer cells through series of small molecules which helps in to bringing out this process. In scientific research and medicine many findings contribute in the chance of defeating cancer by genetic or pharmacological interference with ferroptosis cell death which is appealing for various researches. There are multiple pathways and cell organelles which plays a role in ferroptosis regulation. Ongoing studies on ferroptosis have demonstrated its role in humans though its mechanism is not yet clear. Recently, various studies have encouraged the role of this newly emerged cell death process and also showed some effective usage in the treatment of cancer. Here, we review the mitochondrial aspect of ferroptosis as well as discuss on the role of ferroptosis in Cancer cell therapy. We will also aim on the future scope of ferroptosis in the treatment of Cancer as well as discuss about the problems related to its clinical role which may trigger the cancer cell therapy.
Stability of plasmid pBR322 within Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Tabassum Tahsin , Tabassum Tasmin , Tabassum Nafisa , Muntaka Maniha Syeda , Noor Rashed
Published: May 2021

nsertion of plasmids into the bacterial cells is of great significance especially in course of the transfer of drug resistance, virulence and other traits. Retention of plasmids within the host bacteria is therefore an important factor for bacterial homeostasis. Current study inferred the pBR322 plasmid stability within the Escherichia coli competent cells. The calcium chloride heat shock method was used for the transformation purpose. The plasmid retention phenomenon was assessed through the replica plating. The results positively showed the plasmid retention within E. coli.
Accessing the himalayan herbs traded in the streets of itahari by sherpa community of Taplejung, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Sandesh
Published: May 2021

Sherpa community are the oldest ethnic groups of Himalayas and chiefly known for their ability to climb mountains and their knowledge on medicinal plants found in the high Himalayas. The main objective of this study was to document the medicinal plants available for trade-in Itahari. The study reported 40 species of medicinal plants belonging to 34 families from an interview with twelve herbal traders. The habit of the medicinal plant recorded were herbs (53%), trees (20%), shrubs (13%), vines (8%), fungus (5%), and lichen (3%). Herbal medicines were mostly found for curing minor diseases like cuts, wounds to major diseases like jaundice, typhoid, and also cancer. The knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants has been preserved from ancestors to ancestors, is still in existence and are also spreading towards their younger generations. Furthermore, More researches should be done to access the medicinal plants traded across the country and also their conservation strategy followed by the ethnic community during the collection of medicinal plants.
Immune response by the human body to SARS-CoV 2 infection
Authors: Gupta PD
Published: May 2021

A new virus SARS-CoV2 is responsible for Covid-19. Many existing drugs were tried but failed to treat Covid-19 patients. To begin with our immune system also couldn’t cope with Covid-19, therefore within no time it became pandemic. It is a well-known fact that our body fights against all infections and inflammations through well-organized immune system. The human immune system is made up of individual cells (T and B cells) and proteins as well as entire organs and organ systems. The organs of the immune system include skin and mucous membranes, and the organs of the lymphatic system. The skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defense against germs entering from outside the body and once the infection enter in the organs and tissues lymphatic organs take over. Additionally, here we also described gut bacteria and food to build up immunity. In this way human beings are fight against the new virus SARS-CoV2 infections.
Survey differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell to chondrocyte using synovial fluid and cold atmospheric plasma treated nanofibrous pcl substrate
Authors: Soleimani Saleh , Nazem Habibollah , Fazilati Mohammad , Pezeshki Modarres Mohammad , Mohammad Atyabi Seyed
Published: May 2021

Tissue engineering has developed strategy for the repair and regeneration of a variety of tissues. The demand for effective treatment strategies of cartilage cause to autologous human Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) used for the repair of cartilage defects. In this study effect of some factors on human MSCs for differentiation to chondrocyte were surveyed such as Present of Poly Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), also effect and amount of synovial fluid were evaluated. In this experimental study cell culture for differentiation assay performed in 6 well pellets by DMEM high glucose medium with a supplement of 10% FBS and synovial fluid 5% and 10% of medium add to pellets for 21 days. Total cellular RNA extracted was used for analysis by RT-PCR. Alcian blue staining confirmed the chondrogenic differentiation. MTT assay results in this study showed that the cells proliferation gradually increased from 1st day to 21st days on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. Cellular attachment and proliferation of hMSCs showed higher rate on PCL substrate, modiﬁed with Helium cold atmospheric plasma, compared to the unmodiﬁed and control group at the ﬁrst day to 21st days. Chondrogenic differentiation confirmed by alcian blue staining, and show high degree of conversion to the chondrocyte. MTT assay and the expression of chondrogenic specific genes Collagen type П and Has-2 in comparison with control groups demonstrated cell survival ability, proliferation and cell differentiation by synovial fluid.
Non-conventional Covid treatment methods 19
Authors: Adamski Adam
Published: May 2021

In bioelectronic terms, the organism is understood as an integrated circuit of biological piezo, pyroelectrics, ferromagnets and semiconductors, filled with bioplasm and managed electronically by quantum processes. The presence of semiconductors in a biological system is synonymous with the presence of an electronic integrated device, therefore a living organism can be seen as a complex electronic device, analogous to technical devices. Proteins, DNA, RNA, melanin from the biology side, it is a biological structure, from the biochemistry side, they are chemical compounds with different chemical formulas, again from the bioelectronics side it is an electronic material that can serve as structural elements in a bioelectronic device which is an organism. Enzyme transistors were constructed in technical devices from these materials.1
Parasitoids collected in the Caatinga biome in Brazil
Authors: Henrique Marchiori Carlos
Published: May 2021

The Caatinga is the only biome restricted to the Brazilian territory, occupying basically the Region Northeast, with some areas in the state of Minas Gerais. Caatinga vegetation does not have green exuberance rainforests and the dry aspect of the physiognomies dominated by cacti and shrubs suggests low diversification of fauna and flora. To unravel your wealth you need a look more attentive, more open. So she reveals her great biodiversity, its biological relevance and its peculiar beauty. This study aimed to make a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of Caatinga, as well as their characteristics, main groups and species and studies performed.
Biological control of fungal phytopathogens: A comprehensive review based on Bacillus species
Authors: Khan Muddasir , Salman Muhammad , Ahmad Jan Sohail , Khan Shinwari Zabta
Published: May 2021

Worldwide, emergence of new resistant fungal phytopathogens and use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides for the protection of crops lead to serious environmental issues. Due to these problems, the need to explore alternative management approaches that are not only successful but also less harmful to the environment is of paramount importance. Bacillus species are a good candidate for use as a biocontrol agent against these fungal phytopathogens because they produce various types of antimicrobial substances and their environmentally friendly behavior. This article provides basic knowledge of Bacillus spp. biocontrol agents, tools for identification of their biocontrol agents and techniques for screening of Bacillus spp. against fungal phytopathogens based on current findings. Specifically, if thoroughly explored, Bacillus will remove the existing commonly used control agents such as fungicides, harmful cultural activities of health and control phytopathogens in the ecosystem.
Immunomodulation by helmintos: Possible use as therapy for autoimmune diseases
Authors: Farak Gomez Juan
Published: May 2021

Context: The incidence of autoimmune diseases and allergies has increased markedly in the last half of the 20th century, especially in more developed countries, with an increase in urbanization and hygiene that has led to the elimination of many parasitic infections. Objective: To analyze through scientific bibliographic sources the effects of the parasite load, especially helminthiasis, on the appearance of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Methodology: The documentary analysis of different scientific sources that refer to the theory of immunomodulation by helminths was used. Results: They suggest that the treatment of autoimmune diseases with helminths or products derived from them can have protective and therapeutic effects in these patients. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the immunodulation mechanisms carried out by helminths prevent patients from eliminating the parasites, but have beneficial effects on the course of some autoimmune diseases. Although the causal relationship is not fully proven, studies in animal models and clinical trials carried out in patients with autoimmune diseases suggest that their treatment with helminths or products derived from them may have protective and therapeutic effects in these patients.
Depression revealing primary Sjögren's syndrome with neurological involvement
Authors: Bouomrani Salem
Published: May 2021

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is the most frequent connective tissue disease, but remains very under diagnosed. Psychiatric manifestations are classified among the central neurological disorders of pSS, and their prevalence is variously estimated according to the series and the recruitment services: 20-70% of cases. They may be the predominant manifestations of the disease, but pSS remains an underestimated cause of neuropsychiatric disorders. The inaugural psychiatric presentations of this disease are exceptional and represent a real diagnostic challenge for clinicians. We report an original observation of depression as an initial and isolated manifestation revealing neuro-Sjögrenina 60-year-old woman. Only a few similar sporadic cases were previously reported in the world literature. As rare as it is, this clinical presentation of pSS deserves to be known by any healthcare professional.
Perforated Meckel's diverticulum by chicken bone associated with terminal ilial volvulus in a child, a case report
Authors: Alghamdi Alshaima
Published: May 2021

Foreign body ingestions are a common occurrence in children. The initial presentation can vary from the child being completely asymptomatic to a variety of symptoms. Perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum by foreign bodies is a rare cause of acute abdomen. It is usually diagnosed intra operative. We here in report on an unusual a case of 3-year-old male child who came to the Emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain associated with bilious vomiting and diarrhea. The initial diagnosis was acute small bowel obstruction. After exploration, it turned out to be perforated Meckel's diverticulum caused by a swallowed chicken bone.
Minimally invasivethyroidectomy: A cosmetic alternative to standard thyroidectomy
Authors: X Ngo Tham
Published: May 2021

Background: We report on minimally invasive thyroidectomy (MIT) through a 2–4cm incision hypothesize similar clinical results to standard open thyroidectomy. Methods: Between January 2019 and March 2020, 61 MIT were evaluated for clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction on a 1–10 scale. Results: The 61 study patients underwent MIT procedure. The final diagnoses were benign nodular goitre (63%), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (37%). Five patients had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis and four patients had temporary hypocalcemia. Conclusion: In selected patients, MIT through a 1,5–3cm incision assistance is a safe alternative to standard open thyroidectomy in the hands of an experienced surgeon. The clinical results are equivalent and patient satisfaction is significantly improved.
Laparoscopic cholecystostomy tube placement
Authors: Cheeyandira  Abhiman
Published: May 2021

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in the world today Acute calculus cholecystitis is the most frequent complication of cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for acute calculus cholecystitis when performed within 72 hours. Acute cholecystitis tends to be one of the highest risks for conversion to open surgery-due to unclear anatomy, excessive bleeding or technical complications. Here we present 2 cases with severe acute cholecystitis that required placement of laparoscopic cholecystostomy (LC) tube. Patient subsequently underwent interval cholecystectomy, when the inflammation had subsided. LC tube placement can be a safe alternative in such situations to avoid complications and conversion to open procedure.
Transient global amnesia associated with migraine triggered by anxiety under the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A case report
Authors: Yang Chunhui
Published: May 2021

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome featured with the sudden onset of primarily short-term loss of anterograde as well as a milder decline of retrograde memory. The etiology is still unclear. Various risk factors relate with TGA and it is thought the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in the pathophysiological cascade. During the quarantine period of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a 53-year-old Asian woman with 30 years of migraine history presented the emergency department for the first time to evaluate a sudden onset confusion and forgetfulness with repetitive questioning during migraine attack. Neurologic examination showed preserved orientations for time and person and no abnormalities in motor, speech, sensory, coordination, or cranial nerves. No focal Neurologic finding. Her memory gradually improved and restored to normal baseline over the course of a 24-hour in-patient stay. However, are trograde memory gap still existed a month after the TGA attack. The pathogenesis of TGA is unknown and many risk factors are associated with it, but among them migraine is considered a major risk factor, particularly in female patients aged 40-60 years. The anxiety stressor is a significant trigger for TGA. The pathophysiology argues that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in TGA.
Checkpoint inhibitor develops histological autoimmune pancreatitis like type 1 diabetes. A case report
Authors: riva Carlo de
Published: May 2021

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome featured with the sudden onset of primarily short-term loss of anterograde as well as a milder decline of retrograde memory. The etiology is still unclear. Various risk factors relate with TGA and it is thought the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in the pathophysiological cascade. During the quarantine period of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a 53-year-old Asian woman with 30 years of migraine history presented the emergency department for the first time to evaluate a sudden onset confusion and forgetfulness with repetitive questioning during migraine attack. Neurologic examination showed preserved orientations for time and person and no abnormalities in motor, speech, sensory, coordination, or cranial nerves. No focal Neurologic finding. Her memory gradually improved and restored to normal baseline over the course of a 24-hour in-patient stay. However, are trograde memory gap still existed a month after the TGA attack. The pathogenesis of TGA is unknown and many risk factors are associated with it, but among them migraine is considered a major risk factor, particularly in female patients aged 40-60 years. The anxiety stressor is a significant trigger for TGA. The pathophysiology argues that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays an important role in TGA.
Tympanic membrane perforation, otitis media and labyrinthitis caused by otomycosis confirmed by intravenous gadolinium 1.5 tesla MRI-a case report
Authors: Yang Chunhui
Published: May 2021

Otomycosis is a fungal ear infection, mostly a superficial mycotic infection of the outer ear canal. The infection may be either subacute or acute but chronic form is around 10%. The characteristic of otomycosis are discharge, pruritus, or more severe discomfort. Here we report a 46-year-old Asian woman presented with vertigo and was diagnosed as otomycosis with the complications of tympanic membrane perforation, otitis media and labyrinthitis of inner ear which was confirmed by IV-Gd 1.5 T MRI. This case is a chronic otomycosis related to cerumen removal two year before this onset. Our study supported the suggestion that otomycosis should include fungal infections of the middle and inner ear, furthermore the infection of the inner ear may be included as labyrinthitis with the symptom of vertigo.
Inebriated liver causing mesangial turmoil
Authors: Caraballo Luis
Published: May 2021

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide, diagnosed 10% of renal biopsies in the United States, up to 20% in Europe and approximately 40% in Asia, the latter being the leading cause of ESRD in Asia. Multiple studies have shown the relationship between cirrhosis and the development of glomerular lesions leading IgA deposition in the mesangium causing IgAN. Here we present an unusual case of a 64-year-old female presenting with IgA nephropathy induced by liver cirrhosis.
Complications of refractory juvenile dermatomyositis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Orgeron Rhett
Published: May 2021

We present a 29-year-old male with a history of treatment resistant juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). The patient was admitted for complaints of nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain and was subsequently found to have intestinal perforation on imaging. The patient had also exhibited classic dermatologic findings alongside rare dermato-pathological manifestations of JDM on examination; likely consequences of his underlying disease process. This case serves to present these rare findings and analyze the similarities of JDM and adult dermatomyositis (DM). In addition, overall diagnosis and treatment of resistant/severe JDM is explored. High clinical suspicion alongside an interdisciplinary approach is warranted for such patients given their extensive risk factors for future complications.
Metastatic ovarian cancer to the gallbladder indicative of the diagnosis
Authors: Berrad Soumia
Published: May 2021

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that usually develops from the surface coating of the ovaries. The most common form is epithelial carcinoma. As a result of its location, and its silent nature responsible for a delay in diagnosis that makes the prognosis rather poor. The usual metastatic sites are the peritoneal cavity, liver and lung. Secondary biliary localization is a rare, even exceptional site. We report the observation of a patient who presented with abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium and progressive vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a 21 mm gallbladder lithiasis with hepatic steatosis. Abdominal CT scan revealed a large heterogeneous mass with engulfed gallstones. The patient underwent cholecystectomy. Histological study showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and acute cholecystitis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for antibodies against CK7, WT1, PAX8 and p53 and negative for CK20 and ER. These results suggest that the tumor was a metastasis of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Medical imaging done with abdominal CT showed an ovarian mass with peritoneal carcinosis, serum CA125 was elevated at 97U/ml. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were normal. The patient received first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. After 6 courses of therapy, she achieved a partial clinical, biological and radiological response, in our medical oncology department of the CHU Hassan II from Fez. The interest of the subject is to report the rarity of this entity as well as the radiological, histopathological, prognostic and therapeutic characteristics.
A rare case presentation of acute myo-pericarditis in a patient with lupus flare
Authors: Caraballo Luis
Published: May 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disorder of autoimmune etiology of unknown cause. Cardiac involvement during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may include the pericardium, myocardium, valvular disease, including Libman-Sacks endocarditis, and coronary arteries. Myocarditis is a severe unusual feature most common in African-American that can be asymptomatic with a prevalence of 8-25% in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Acute myo-pericarditis with subsequent heart failure is a life threatening complication of SLE that needs to get recognized early to prevent mortality to the patient. Steroids is the first line therapy in patients with acute myopericarditis. Here we present a rare case of SLE flare presenting as Acute myopericarditis.