bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uterine rupture at the fundus during labor: A case report
Authors: Yadav Sunita , Chaudhary Susheela , Malhotra Vani
Published: November 2021

Uterine rupture is a rare but catastrophic complication seen in obstetrical practice. The most crucial predisposing factor is previous caesarean scar and it is generally being reported during labor in patients with scarred uterus. Although rare, rupture of an unscarred uterus is one of the most terrible obstetric complications, resulting in maternal and fetal jeopardy. Shoulder dystocia is one of the most difficult complications of labour that is unpredictable and therefore unpreventable. In neglected cases, grave maternal complications like obstructed labour and rupture of uterus can occur. Very rarely, the reverse, uterine rupture leading to shoulder dystocia can also occur. The present case is reported to emphasize the importance of early recognition of this condition. A 32 year old gravida 5 para 2 live 2 abortion 2 with 9 month period of gestation presented to labor room with shoulder dystocia, with history of fundal pressure. After delivery of head, pain subsided and the trunk failed to deliver. Her previous two deliveries were by normal vaginal delivery 8 years and 5 years back respectively. She had previous two abortions 6 years and 3 years back respectively. Both were spontaneous expulsion followed by dilatation and curettage. On examination, clinical diagnosis of rupture uterus was made and patient was taken up for laparotomy. On laparotomy, fetal body and limbs along with the placenta was seen lying in the abdominal cavity and head was in uterus. Baby of 2.34 kg was extracted as breech. A linear rupture of around 10-12 centimeter was present at fundo-posterior region. Uterus was repaired in 3 layers and bilateral tubal ligation was done. Patient was discharged on post- operative day 10 without any complications.

In women with high risk for uterine rupture, delivery must be conducted at tertiary hospitals where facilities for emergency caesarean is available. In these patients, if shoulder dystocia occurs, rupture of the uterus must be suspected as an underlying cause. Assisted fundal pressure during delivery can result in trauma even to the unscarred uterus and cause traumatic uterine rupture. Early diagnosis is vital if maternal morbidity is to be reduced.
Histopathological spectrum of nonneoplastic lesions of large intestine- A three year study
Authors: Anvikar Arti Rameshrao , Salunke Leena Shrikant , Gosavi Alka Vikas , Palve Priyanka Santosh
Published: November 2021

Large intestine is a site for an array of different nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Clinical manifestations may overlap, thus making the diagnosis difficult and creating the need for tissue diagnosis. Our study aims at detail histopathological examination of the different non neoplastic lesions of large intestine.

A total of 30 nonneoplastic lesions of large intestine were studied over a period of 3 years. Both resected specimens and endoscopic biopsy specimens were included. Histopathological findings were studied along with analysis of the distribution of lesions and correlation of the histopathological findings with clinical parameters.

The lesions were distributed in all age groups, with maximum frequency in 5 to 8 decades. The frequency was significantly higher in males (23 cases- 76.7%) as compared to females (7 cases- 23.3%). The most common lesion was perforation (10 cases), followed by gangrene (4 cases). Two cases had gangrene with perforation. Other lesions included Hirschprung’s disease (5 cases), Crohn’s disease (two cases) and one case each of Enteric duplication cyst, tuberculosis, amoebic colitis with perforation and Peutz-Jeghers polyp. Three cases had nonspecific inflammation.

Our study emphasizes the importance of histopathological examination in the management of colonic lesions
Role of solid phase immunoassay as a screening test for antinuclear antibody – A comparative analysis on Indian population
Authors: Bordoloi Samrat , Kumar Sharath , Iyenger Jayaram , S Nagaraj , G C Yatish , Sathyamurthy Sangitha , MP Kavitha
Published: November 2021

Detection of Antinuclear antibody (ANA) is the hallmark of laboratory investigations in Connective Tissue Disorders (CTD). However, various methodologies used in both screening tests and specific antibody detection has led to a loss of consensus and poor reproducibility of results. The objective of this study is to compare Solid Phase Immunoassay (SPI) with Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFA) as a screening test in correlation with the clinical profile as well as subsequent detection of specific antibodies. The study was conducted as a pilot study with a sample size of 60 cases, recruited by Rheumatologists, between April 2019 to July 2019. Each sample was screened by IFA and SPI and tested for specific antibodies by three different specific antibody tests. Although the Sensitivity of SPI (71%) was lower when compared to IFA (79%), the Specificity (78%), Positive Predictive Value (PPV) (74%) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) (76%) were all comparatively higher. In two clinically proven cases of Sjogren’s syndrome where IFA was negative and SPI was positive, specific antibody tests showed positivity for SSA/Ro. Also it was seen in two clinically confirmed cases of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus IFA was positive and SPI was negative. In this pilot study SPI appeared comparable to IFA as a screening test with better specificity, PPV and NPV. The utility of SPI was especially seen in cases with antibodies against SSA/Ro where IFA may be negative. However, in a few cases of high antibody titer SPI appeared to give a false negative result.
Spectrum of soft tissue lesions in upper and lower extremities on fine needle aspiration cytology: A three years’ experience from Western Indian population
Authors: Sisodiya Sneha , Gaikwad Vaishali P , Naik Leena
Published: November 2021

Soft tissue lesions have a wide spectrum which includes non- neoplastic, benign & malignant lesions. FNAC act as preliminary diagnostic tool providing a predictive diagnosis of a benign or malignant soft tissue neoplasm and thus helps for further intervention.

This study discusses the spectrum of FNAC of soft tissue lesions in upper and lower limbs.

All cytology smears of soft tissue lesions from both upper and lower limbs were included over a period of three years at tertiary care hospital.

The most common age group was 31 to 40 years with male to female ratio being 1.3:1. The spectrum included broadly neoplastic (65.7%) & non-neoplastic (34.3%) cases. The neoplasms were further divided as benign (42.8 %), malignant (18.6%) and suspicious for neoplasm (4.3%) whereas (34.3 %) were non-neoplastic lesions. The most common lesion was giant cell tumor (GCT) of tendon sheath. The most common site was hand (24%) followed by feet (22.5%).

FNAC of soft tissue lesions is useful for differentiating various lesions and neoplasms in extremities so as to help patients in further management.
Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells of pancreas: Case report and brief literature review
Authors: Dekate Jyoti Parag , Kelkeri Manjula V , Garudadri Gowri
Published: November 2021

Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells is a distinctive rare neoplasm involving pancreas and rarely bile ducts. This neoplasm shows characteristic histologic features with variable admixture of mononuclear histiocytic cells, non- neoplastic osteoclastic giant cells and neoplastic mononuclear cell component. Though, this tumor has been shown to share genetic alterations with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, clinically, it behaves unpredictably with a substantial proportion of patient showing prolonged survival period. We present a case of this rare pancreatic tumour with brief literature review discussing the key pathologic features, immunophenotype, genetic profile and clinical behavior.

Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells is a rare neoplasm in pancreas which is believed to be of epithelial origin and shares genetic aberrations with ductal adenocarcinoma. Despite this, these tumours have better prognosis with prolonged survival period.
Colonic ganglioneuromatous polyposis in a 6-year-old girl – A case report and review of literature
Authors: M Reshma , Panicker G. Sathibai , Issac Reeba Mary
Published: November 2021

Ganglioneuroma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare mesenchymal tumor of neural origin, especially in childhood. They are categorized into three different morphological subtypes, namely, polypoid ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuromatous polyposis (GP), and diffuse ganglioneuromatosis. Patients with ganglioneuromas have different presentations depending on the location, extent, and size of the lesion. We report here a case of colonic ganglioneuromatous polyposis, presenting as abdominal pain and chronic constipation in a 6‑year‑old girl. Although GP cases are reported in adult age group, cases in pediatric age group are rare. Only a few cases are reported in the literature of GP in the pediatric age group. Although rare, this disorder must be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis in every patient with symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, and lower intestinal bleeding, to avoid a delayed diagnosis.
Protective effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in a diabetic rat model through live retinal imaging
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China, Fu Yan , He Guang-Hui ,   Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China; Ophthalmic Center of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, Chen Song ,   College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China, Gu Zhao-Hui ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China, Zhang Yue-Ling ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China, Li Li-Ying ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
Published: November 2021

AIM: To assess the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hucMSC-Exs) in a diabetic rat model by using a variety of retinal bioassays.
METHODS: hucMSCs were subjected to differential ultracentrifugation for the collection of exosomes, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) using a NanoSight analysis system and Western blotting (WB) were used to analyze the expression of surface marker proteins such as CD63, CD9 and Calnexin. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity to establish a diabetic model. Rats were divided into a normal group, diabetic group and hucMSC-Ex group. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and other live imaging methods were used to observe the fundus of the rats. Finally, the eyeballs of rats from each group were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to further analyze the retinal structure.
RESULTS: Through TEM, NTA and WB, we successfully isolated hucMSC-Exs. Subsequent FFA and OCT confirmed that hucMSC-Exs effectively prevented early retinal vascular damage and thickening of the retina. Finally, HE staining of rat retinal sections revealed that exosomes effectively alleviated retinal structure disruption caused by diabetes.
CONCLUSION: hucMSC-Exs have a protective effect on the retina in diabetic rat through FFA, OCT and HE staining.
Combination of oridonin and TRAIL induces apoptosis in uveal melanoma cells by upregulating DR5
Authors:   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China, Hua Xin , Gao Guo-Sheng ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang Province, China, Ye Xiao-Lei ,   College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan Province, China
Published: November 2021

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of the combined use of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and oridonin on choroidal melanoma cell lines, and to explore its underlying mechanism.
METHODS: MUM-2B and C918 cells were treated with different concentrations of TRAIL and oridonin, and MTT assay used to evaluate the inhibition rate of the two compounds on cells. Then, the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and changes in apoptosis-related proteins such as death receptor 5 (DR5), a-caspase-3, and x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) were detected by Western blot. MUM-2B cells were transfected with si-DR5, which interfered with the expression of the DR5 gene. MTT and Western blot assay were used to detect cell activity and apoptosis-related proteins.
RESULTS: When TRAIL and oridonin were simultaneously administered to the MUM-2B cells, the apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that by the two drugs individually. However, the effect of combined use of TRAIL and oridonin on C918 cells was not significantly different from that used alone. Cell cycle analysis showed that TRAIL and oridonin could induce G2/M arrest in MUM-2B cells. The Western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of the DR5, a-caspase-3, and BAX increased, while the expression levels of the anti-apoptosis-related proteins XIAP and BCL-2 were suppressed when TRAIL and oridonin simultaneously administered to MUM-2B cells. Interfering the expression of DR5 gene in MUM-2B cells could reverse the inhibitory effect of oridonin and TRAIL on the proliferation and apoptosis induction of MUM-2B cells.
CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effects of oridonin and TRAIL on MUM-2B cells are significantly enhanced when they were administered as a combined treatment, which may ascribe to up-regulation of DR5.
Comparison of imo and Humphrey field analyzer perimeters in glaucomatous eyes
Authors:   Tokai Eye Clinic, 399-Hadokoro-cho, Tsu 514-0009, Japan, Nakai Yoshinori , Shono Yuko ,   Tokai Eye Clinic, 399-Hadokoro-cho, Tsu 514-0009, Japan, Taoka Kaori ,   Tokai Eye Clinic, 399-Hadokoro-cho, Tsu 514-0009, Japan, Nakai Yoshihide ,   Tokai Eye Clinic, 399-Hadokoro-cho, Tsu 514-0009, Japan
Published: November 2021

AIM: To compare the imo perimeter, a new portable head-mounted perimeter unit that enables both eyes to be examined quickly and simultaneously, with the Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) perimeter to investigate correlations and their diagnostic ability in glaucomatous eyes.
METHODS: The performance of the equipment in 128 glaucomatous eyes and 40 normal eyes were tested. We investigated the correlations of mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, visual field index, and the sensitivity.
RESULTS: Measurements of mean deviation (r=0.886, P<0.001), pattern standard deviation (r=0.814, P<0.001), and visual field index (r=0.871, P<0.001) in both perimeters were strongly and positively correlated. The sensitivities in the imo perimeter were 80.5% for mean deviation, 81.2% for pattern standard deviation, and 80.5% in visual field index; those in the HFA were 63.3% for mean deviation, 74.5% for pattern standard deviation, and 80.5% for visual field index. Both perimeters demonstrated high diagnostic ability.
CONCLUSION: The parameters by the imo and HFA in glaucomatous eyes show strong positive correlations with favorable sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic ability. However, the difference between imo and HFA results increases with the increase in visual field disturbance.
¿Es el guamo (Inga densiflora Benth.) un árbol benéfico como acompañante de plántulas de café con diferentes tipos de fertilización?
Authors: Armbrecht Inge , Torres Wilmar , Vargas-García Nicole
Published: November 2021

El uso de árboles leguminosos como sombra de los cultivos de café podría ser parte de una estrategia para la agricultura del futuro en un contexto de cambio climático en los trópicos. El guamo (Inga spp., Fabaceae) es un árbol leguminoso tradicionalmente usado por sus beneficios de amortiguación del microclima y mejoramiento de las propiedades del suelo. Sin embargo, no se sabe si su beneficio como sombra para el café se produce desde que se establece la plantación o a medida que transcurre el tiempo. Para demostrar si la proximidad de plántulas de guamo afecta el crecimiento de las de café con diferentes tipos de fertilización, se sembraron 360 cafetos y 90 plántulas de guamo (Inga densiflora Benth.) de tres meses de edad en un lote de 1.800 m2 siguiendo un diseño de aleatorización estratificada con 90 parcelas y 270 subparcelas. Se asignaron aleatoriamente tres opciones de acompañante (guamo, otro cafeto y control), dos fuentes de fertilización (gallinaza comercial proveniente de la granja avícola Saramartina de Jamundí y copolímero orgánico), y el control sin abono. Mensualmente se midió la variable de crecimiento hasta alcanzar el año. Los tratamientos con gallinaza permitieron un crecimiento del cafeto significativamente mayor que el copolímero (23,4 % más de diámetro) y el control sin fertilizante (27,8 % más de diámetro). La altura de dichos cafetos fue 19,9 y 22,6 % mayor comparada con los tratamientos de copolímero y control, respectivamente.No se encontró un efecto del guamo como árbol acompañante. Se evidenció que la gallinaza es un abono orgánico efectivo para los cafetales y que la presencia de plántulas de guamo ni benefició (vía facilitación) ni perjudicó (vía competencia interespecífica) el establecimiento de los cafetales.
Distribución altitudinal de macroinvertebrados acuáticos y su relación con las variables ambientales en un sistema fluvial amazónico (Perú)
Authors: Arana Jerry , Tolentino Daniel Álvarez , Miranda Rafael , Tobes Ibon , Araujo-Flores Julio , Carrasco-Badajoz Carlos , Rayme-Chalco Carolina
Published: November 2021

Hay pocos estudios ecológicos sobre los patrones de diversidad de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos en la Amazonía peruana, a pesar de ser esenciales para la gestión y manejo de estos ecosistemas fluviales. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar su composición taxonómica y su relación con las variables ambientales a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal del río Alto Madre de Dios, cuenca en donde podrían registrarse nuevas especies. Se establecieron 22 estaciones en un rango altitudinal de 398 a 2.411 m s.n.m., cuantificando las características fisicoquímicas del agua y del hábitat fluvial: pH, temperatura del agua (T, °C), conductividad eléctrica (CE, μS.cm-1), ancho del río (A, m), profundidad (P, cm), sombra y velocidad del flujo de la corriente (m·s-1). Para los muestreos de macroinvertebrados se utilizó una red “de patada” de 200 μm de tamaño de malla. Se identificaron 56 taxones distribuidos en los órdenes Acari, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Megaloptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Decapoda. Los análisis multivariados de clasificación y agrupamiento permitieron establecer cuatro grupos de estaciones estadísticamente diferenciadas (p<0,05), principalmente por la velocidad y el tipo de sustrato dominante, lo que explica la abundancia y amplia distribución de Chironomidae, Baetodes, Thraulodes y Anacroneuria. Los taxones de macroinvertebrados cambiaron notablemente a lo largo del gradiente, reportándose una mayor diversidad en zonas con altitudes medias y una relación con las variables ambientales.
Viscoelastic Mechanical Model of Asphalt Concrete Considering the Influence of Characteristic Parameter of Fiber Content
Authors: Huang Chunshui , Gao Danying , You Peibo
Published: November 2021

This paper carries out bending creep tests on polyester fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete beams, and investigates how the volume ratio and aspect ratio of the fibers influence the parameters of viscoelastic mechanical model and the viscoelastic performance of the asphalt concrete. The results show that: with the growing volume ratio and aspect ratio of the fibers, the midspan deflection and bottom flexural-tensile strain of asphalt concrete beams first dropped and then rose over time; the characteristic parameter of fiber content (FCCP) could reflect the overall effects of the volume ratio and aspect ratio of the fibers. On this basis, a viscoelastic mechanical model was established for the asphalt concrete in the light of the influence of FCCP. The test and theoretical results show that, in our tests, the optimal volume ratio of fibers, optimal aspect ratio of fibers, and optimal FCCP are 0.348, 324, and 1.128 for polyester fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete.
Modern approaches to the analysis of implicatures. Review of the book: Zufferey, S., Moeschler, J., & Reboul, A. (Eds.). (2019). Implicatures. Cambridge University Press. 251 p.
Authors: Chadiuk Mariia
Published: November 2021

Review of: Zufferey, S., Moeschler, J., & Reboul, A. (Eds.). (2019). Implicatures. Cambridge University Press. 251 p.
Framing Kyivan Rus’ in modern American media
Authors: Moiseyenko Olena , Mazin Dmytro
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on identifying and structuring the linguistic frames which are activated in relation to the representation of Kyivan Rus’ in the U.S.English media discourse. The research aimed to examine the connections between the first historically recorded East Slavonic state and present-day Ukraine. The linguistic analysis is based on the rhetorical version of framing analysis, seeking to explore the ways how the rhetorical means used by the media contribute to shaping the audience’s perceptions in specific historical and political areas.
History of the Ukrainian language at the beginning of the XX century: the educational dimension
Authors: Vydaichuk Tetiana
Published: November 2021

Background. The article aims at establishing the ideological, political, national, educational, and scientific processes which contributed to establishing the Ukrainian language in all spheres of usage and fostered its functional-stylistic development. The paper centers around the language socioleme, that is the history of Ukrainian speakers, readers, and writers, language researchers and those who fought for the right of Ukrainian to be the language of education and the subject of scientific study.Purpose. The article aims at highlighting the struggle for the rights of the Ukrainian language in 1905–1917, as well as some aspects of the Russian Empire language policy as regards university education in Dnieper Ukraine. The research material comprises the ideas of the then scholars and public figures, which appeared in the media at the time (predominantly in the Rada newspaper), archival documents, and gendarme papers.Methods. The article relies primarily on the descriptive method, coupled with elements of the contrastive method and the biographical analysis.Results. The struggle for the Ukrainian language rights in the realm of education began with the demand to establish native language courses at private educational institutions and an extensive Kharkiv and Odesa student campaign for the right to take courses in Ukrainian Studies. Fresh impetus was provided by Kyiv St. Volodymyr University students’ address to the academic council, appealing for the establishment of Departments of Ukrainian Studies. The Imperial University administration did not support the student initiative, which triggered a widespread debate in public and academic circles in Ukraine at the time.Discussion. Generally, up to 1917–1920 (the age of the Ukrainian Revolution) universities and other educational institutions featured no systematic annual academic courses in the Ukrainian language, its dialectal variation, or its history. At the time, Ukrainian did not function as the language of education and science in Dnieper Ukraine, nor was it an object of rigorous academic study. The Russian Empire language and national policy remained anti-Ukrainian, in disregard of the liberties declared in 1905.
Newton's method for the eigenvalue problem of a symmetric matrix
Authors: Verbitskyi V. V. , Huk A. G.
Published: November 2021

Newton's method for calculating the eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of a symmetric real matrix is considered. The nonlinear system of equations solved by Newton's method consists of an equation that determines the eigenvalue and eigenvector of the matrix and the normalization condition for the eigenvector. The method allows someone to simultaneously calculate the eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector. Initial approximations for the eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector can be found by the power method or by the reverse iteration with shift. A simple proof of the convergence of Newton's method in a neighborhood of a simple eigenvalue is proposed. It is shown that the method has a quadratic convergence rate. In terms of computational costs per iteration, Newton's method is comparable to the reverse iteration method with the Rayleigh ratio. Unlike reverse iteration, Newton's method allows to compute the eigenpair with better accuracy.
On one class of solutions of the quasilinear matrix differential equations
Authors: Shchogolev S. A. , Karapetrov V. V.
Published: November 2021

In the mathematical description of various phenomena and processes that arise in mathematical physics, electrical engineering, economics, one has to deal with matrix differential equations. Therefore, these equations are relevant both for mathematicians and for specialists in other areas of natural science. Many studies are devoted to them, in which the solvability of matrix equations in various function spaces, boundary value problems for matrix differential equations, and other problems were investigated. In this article, a quasilinear matrix equation is considered, the coefficients of which can be represented in the form of absolutely and uniformly converging Fourier series with coefficients and frequency slowly varying in a certain sense. The problem is posed of obtaining sufficient conditions for the existence of particular solutions of a similar structure for the equation under consideration. For this purpose, the corresponding linear equation is considered first. It is written down in component-wise form, and, based on the assumptions made, the existence of the only particular solution of the specified structure is proved. Then, using the method of successive approximations and the principle of contracting mappings, the existence of a unique particular solution of the indicated structure for the original quasilinear equation are proved.
ABOUT REAL INEQUALITIES IN THE EXERCISE OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES TOWARDS THE CHILD
Authors: Dobre Cristina
Published: November 2021

In judicial practice, the issue of real inequality between parents in terms of the exercise of their rights and duties over the child has been raised, causing much discussion in this regard. In this context, we show in this article that the principle of equality does not prohibit certain specific rules. Therefore, we stress that real inequality results from these specific rules, and to the extent that equality is not natural, imposing it would be tantamount to discrimination. Moreover, we point out that in judicial practice it has been decided that respect for the principle of equality of rights does not mean that the legal rule reflects the full uniformity of social situations, but that, on the contrary, the diversity of social situations can be proportionately adjusted to bring them to a common denominator.
PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER. FINDING THE NULLITY OF THE INDICTMENT AND OF THE CRIMINAL PROSECUTION ACTS DUE TO THE BREACH OF THE DEFENDANT'S RIGHT OF DEFENCE
Authors: Pamfil Mihaela Laura
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the limits within which the judge of the pre-trial chamber may order the restitution of the case to the prosecutor, starting from a concrete deed that was the subject of case file no. 5609/245/2018 / a1 pending before the Iaşi District Court and the Iaşi County. In this case, the Pre-Trial Chamber judge considered that the suspect was not given the necessary time to prepare his defense as he was heard as defendant on the same day when he was also heard as a suspect, although when he was heard as a suspect he requested a break for the preparation of the defense, the report on the termination of the criminal prosecution was drawn up on the same day when he was heard, and his request for a forensic examination in question was rejected by the prosecutor, without the court waiting for the submission of the objectives of the expertise. For these reasons, the pre-trial chamber judge considered that it is necessary to find the nullity of all criminal proceedings subsequent to the date and time when the suspect was heard, as he was deprived of the possibility to enforce his defense during the criminal proceedings, a procedural stage that has been completed.
INVITATION TO READ. REVIEW
Authors: Diaconu Nicoleta
Published: November 2021

The paper "The Influence of International Law on Contemporary Geopolitics", developed by Dr. Chiţu Alexandru-Cristinel is the result of documentary and research efforts carried out by the author during the internship of the doctoral thesis with the same title in the field "Law" in 2019. Publication of the doctoral thesis at the "Top Form" publishing house proves the author's intention to provide society with more information on the relationship between international law and contemporary geopolitics. The paper has a complex, interdisciplinary character, bringing together elements of international law, economic law, political science and geopolitics, being based on extensive documentation.
Researching Masculinity and Men’s Sexual Health in Bangladesh: Methodological Reflections
Authors: Hasan Kamrul
Published: November 2021

Sex and sexuality are deemed “sensitive” issues in relatively conservative, predominantly Muslim countries. Men’s sex and sexualities research within such cultural contexts confronts certain challenges and raises important methodological issues. This paper reflects on some of the methodological issues and challenges encountered when carrying out a study in Bangladesh. It reports on a male researcher’s qualitative study of men’s sexual health and masculinity in Bangladesh, a predominantly Muslim country where sexuality is largely constituted as a taboo subject. The researcher faced challenges in gaining access and in discussing sex and sexuality issues in interview settings. Moreover, the interview context emerged as a site for expressing, negotiating, challenging men and masculinities. Drawing upon experiences in navigating the “field” in Bangladesh, some of the useful ways of researching “sensitive” issues such as sex, sexuality, and masculinity within these settings are suggested, highlighting what works when researching men’s sexual health and masculinity.
Impuls do rozwoju czy symbol kryzysu. Zmiana postrzegania Igrzysk Olimpijskich w Tokio 2020 po wybuchu pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Socha Marcin
Published: November 2021

Celem rozdziału jest analiza znaczenia gospodarczego, politycznego i wizerunkowego Igrzysk Olimpijskich i Paraolimpijskich w Tokio 2020, uwzględniając kluczową zmienną, jaką jest wpływ kryzysu wywołanego wybuchem pandemii COVID-19. Analiza została przeprowadzona na podstawie danych statystycznych dotyczących nastrojów społecznych w Japonii i za granicą, wypowiedzi japońskich polityków, przedstawicieli biznesu, mediów i innych grup zaangażowanych w organizację wydarzenia. Rozdział pokazuje, że igrzyska w Tokio nie tylko nie spełniły oczekiwań rządu, organizatorów, biznesu, społeczeństwa i społeczności międzynarodowej, ale także przyczyniły się do pogłębienia kryzysu zaufania do polityków oraz utrwalenia negatywnego postrzegania japońskiej sytuacji gospodarczej, określanego w Japonii mianem straconych dekad. Pogarszający się odbiór igrzysk wśród japońskiego społeczeństwa nie został wywołany tylko i wyłącznie na skutek pogorszenia sytuacji pandemicznej, lecz także braku zarządzania kryzysowego oraz skutecznej strategii komunikacyjnej rządu.
Konflikt Arabii Saudyjskiej z Katarem. Próba analizy wydarzeń z lat 2017–2021
Authors: Paszyn Maciej
Published: November 2021

Celem poniższego artykułu jest przedstawienie wydarzeń, jakie miały miejsce w Regionie Zatoki Perskiej w latach 2017–2021, kiedy to nastąpiła eskalacja konfliktu Arabii Saudyjskiej z Katarem przy aktywnym udziale Iranu i w mniejszym stopniu Turcji. W badaniu przyjęto tezę, iż przebieg konfliktu, zachowanie stron wpłynęły nie tylko na relacje międzynarodowe w regionie Zatoki Perskiej. Był to sprawdzian dla organizacji regionalnej (GCC) jako forum porozumienia się krajów regionu w kontekście wytrwałości Kataru w zderzeniu z potężnym sąsiadem. Dla Teheranu była to okazja dla poszerzania strefy wpływów, co, jak pokazały wydarzenia pomiędzy 2017 a 2021 r., częściowo się udało. W badaniu przyjęto metodę analizy polityki zagranicznej i analizy treści.
Amerykanizacja kampanii wyborczych a aplikacja marketingu na rynku politycznym w Polsce w pierwszej dekadzie przemian ustrojowych
Authors: Sempach Marek
Published: November 2021

Począwszy od roku 1952, marketing polityczny nieustająco rozwijał się w USA, które ostatecznie stały się światowym liderem w skutecznej aplikacji marketingu na rynku politycznym. Po upadku komunizmu w Polsce w roku 1989 pojawiły się nowe uwarunkowania rynkowe, gdzie wzorem wielu innych państw kampania wyborcza prowadzona w amerykańskim stylu stała się możliwa do przeprowadzenia. Artykuł zawiera marketingową ocenę kluczowych kampanii prezydencko-parlamentarnych w Polsce, które toczyły się w pierwszej dekadzie po transformacji ustrojowej. Tekst weryfikuje charakter zaangażowania marketingowego lokalnych organizacji partyjnych, poddając ocenie kwestię potencjalnej amerykanizacji kampanii wyborczych w Polsce w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. Podjęty problem weryfikowano, wykorzystując metodę obserwacji oraz krytyki dostępnych źródeł literaturowych.
Bałuty w XXI wieku. Kryzys tożsamości?
Authors: Łukowska Maria Antonina
Published: November 2021

Celem pracy jest ukazanie pewnego fenomenu kulturowego, jakim są łódzkie Bałuty, dzielnica podobna do innych robotniczo-przedmiejskich dzielnic miast na świecie i w Europie. Ów fenomen kulturowy polega na ich trwaniu pomimo licznych, bo pięciu kryzysów, a nawet na stopniowym rozszerzaniu po każdym z nich pojęcia „Bałuty” poza granice administracyjne tej dzielnicy. Stosując podejście etnonauki, która zakłada, iż kultura nie jest zjawiskiem materialnym, nie składa się z rzeczy, ludzi, zachowań lub uczuć, ale jest organizacją tych wszystkich składników, formą tego, co ludzie przechowują w swoim umyśle, ich modeli postrzegania, kojarzenia i interpretowania świata zastosowano metody umożliwiające poznanie gramatyki kultury Bałut z pozycji antropologii emicznej. Wykorzystano do tego zarówno źródła zastane (opracowania historyczne i antropologiczne), jak i wywołane (wywiady, wspomnienia, fotografie, publikowane i niepublikowane). Ową gramatykę kultury Bałut jako kulturowego faktu długiego trwania próbowano przedstawić poprzez historię dzielnicy jako wsi, przedmieścia i miasta w mieście, charakterystykę mieszkańców, opisu pięciu kryzysów związanych z atakiem na tożsamość kulturową Bałut i strategii jej zachowania, m.in. specyfiki języka i narracji, najistotniejszych dla dzielnicy przestrzeni (Bałucki Rynek, „Limanka”), oraz współczesnej walki o zachowanie odrębności kulturowej w dobie pandemii i lockdownu. Zaznaczono również potrzeby dalszego, pogłębionego badania konkretnych zagadnień związanych z kulturą tej dzielnicy, które nie doczekały się jeszcze odrębnych opracowań.
Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri dari Bunga Mawar (Rosa hybrda L.) dengan Metode Solvent Free Microwave Extraction
Authors: Yuniati Yuyun , Putri Saras Nurani , Sambawa Pradipta Risang Ratna , Bhuana Donny Satria , Mahfud Mahfud
Published: November 2021

To date, essential oils still play an important role in various aspects of human life. Flowers are essential oil-producing plants that still need to be further explored, of which rose petals (Rosa hybrda L.) are an option for types of flowers that have the potential to produce economical essential oils. In this study, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was used as an essential oil extraction method, which is considered safe because it does not use heat energy and chemical solvents which can be considered to trigger a decrease in the quality of the oil extract. The optimum microwave power in this study is 560 Watt with a yield of 0.0124%. The difference in the value of the feed intake ratio to the volume of the distiller (F/D) influences yield, where the F/D value of 0.15 g/mL gives the highest yield value of 0.0145%. The result of the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis shows rose flower essential oil extract provided a profile of 12 compounds, of which three dominant compounds are β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, and nonadecane. Keywords: Extraction, rose flower petals, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), essential oils Hingga saat ini, minyak atsiri masih memegang peranan penting untuk berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Bunga-bungaan merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih lanjut, yang mana mahkota bunga mawar (Rosa hybrda L.) adalah satu opsi jenis bunga yang berpotensi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) sebagai metode ekstraksi minyak atsiri yang dinilai aman karena tidak menggunakan energi panas dan bahan pelarut kimia yang dapat dianggap memicu penurunan kualitas ekstrak minyak. Daya microwave optimum pada penelitian ini adalah 560 Watt dengan perolehan yield sebesar 0,0124%. Perbedaan nilai rasio feed masuk terhadap volume distiler (F/D) memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil rendemen, yang mana nilai F/D 0,15 g/mL memberikan nilai rendemen tertinggi sebesar 0,0145%. Hasil analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak minyak atsiri bunga mawar memberikan profil 12 senyawa dengan tiga senyawa dominan yaitu β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, dan nonadecane. Kata kunci: Ekstraksi, mahkota bunga mawar, solvent-free microwave extraction
Oncopharmacogenomics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma - A Therapy Related Review
Authors: P K Prem Ravi Varma
Published: November 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a highly complex disease resistant to commonly used chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As the fifth most common cancer worldwide with the third highest mortality rate and very poorly understood molecular pathways driving hepatocarcinogenesis, new treatment strategies are urgently needed for this devastating disease. The multi kinase inhibitor Sorafenib was the first molecular targeted drug in HCC that led to significant survival benefit in patients with advanced tumors. It is the first drug to be considered standard of care for advanced HCC and supports the importance of molecular therapies in the treatment of this cancer. Analysis of genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as different molecular pathways involved in the development of HCC help to identify potential new druggable targets. A variety of novel compounds are already under preclinical or clinical investigation, and accumulating evidence suggests that combination therapy targeting different pathways will potentiate anti-tumoral effects and will become the future therapeutic approach. In addition, the establishment of a robust molecular classification will pave the way for a more personalized treatment scheme in HCC. In this article a review of the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC and an overview of molecular targeted therapies in the management of HCC are provided.
Management of Positive Cervical Lymph Nodes in Parotid Cancer
Authors: Ali Zedan , Aieat Morsy , Osama Mustafa , Marwa Hussien , Ebrahim Aboeleuien
Published: November 2021

Objective: Assessment the management of positive cervical lymph nodes in parotid cancer. Associated clinical symptoms, histological types, regional lymph node stage (n stage), occult metastasis, neck dissection by level, recurrence, neck irradiation. Methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 43 patient’s pathological positive lymph nodes metastatic from parodied cancer, who underwent neck dissection. treated in years 2010-2020, we analyzed the following parameters: age, sex, pT-Status, tumour size, skin invasion, facial nerve palsy, tumour fixation, extraparotid extension, localization, grade, histology, Distribution of T classification was: T3 (60%), and T4 (40%). Results: Mean patient age was 52 years, the most common location of cervical Nodes Met. was level II (72%), then III (49%) then I (42%), then IV (40%) and V (19%). The incidence was highest among patients with (27.9%) mucoepidermoid carcinoma was most common, followed by (14.6%) carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (9.3%) with acinic cell carcinoma (7%) with squamous cell carcinoma, (11.6%) with adenoid cystic carcinoma, (7.0%) with adenocarcinoma, (7.4%) salivary duct carcinoma, When classified by histological grade, 35% of patients with low/intermediate-grade versus 65.0% high-grade ., Pre-operative fine needle aspiration (83.7%) patients, Post-surgical irradiation was performed in all 43 patients (100%). The resection status (R) was Negative margins R0. (93%), lymphovascular space invasion (44.2%) and (25.6%) had perineural invasion. Skin invasion in (14%) patients, and (4.7%) had regional nodal recurrence (7%) patients with pN1, vs (93%) patients with pN2. Pathologically positive lymph node 4 (range: 1–8 Nodes) lymph nodes harvest 29(range, 23–41 lymph nodes)., Conclusion: modified Radical Neck Dissection with additional radiotherapy should be carried out in patients. Nodes positive parotied cancer especially High histological stage, advanced stage, perineural invasion, positive operative edge, a fixed mass with extra parotid extension facial-nerve paralysis and tumor pain in partied cancer.
Does Thermoplastic Mask Alleivates Skin Sparing Effect of Photons in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Pilot study
Authors: Nagpal Puneet , Pruthi Deep Shankar , Shanmugan Prabhakar , Chinnakari Paranthaman , Pandey Manish , Singh Harpreet
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Head and Neck tumors are mainly treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Treatment delivery with Megavoltage beam has the advantage of skin sparing effect but still skin reactions have been a major side effect since 2D era. Initially these reactions were due to the delivery with bilateral opposed portals but with advent of IMRT/ VMAT, it has been possible to escalate the tumor dose with the need of strict immobilization with thermoplastic mask. This thermoplastic mask may have a bolus effect and can result in increase in surface dose resulting in skin reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate if any bolus effect of thermoplastic mask exists. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients of histologically proven carcinoma oropharynx and hypopharynx were taken. Patients were scanned for planning CT with thermoplastic mask. Another scan was taken in the same position but without thermoplastic mask. Same contouring and planning were done on both the scans. Plans were made and ascertained that all OAR’s and target volumes should get similar doses. Skin contoured on both the scans was evaluated for the dose received. Results: Mean dose received by skin in patients with thermoplastic mask was 48.15 GY while Mean dose received by skin in patients without thermoplastic mask was 43.18 GY. A paired t-test was applied on the dataset which revealed a statistically significant difference between the skin doses with and without mask with a p value of < 0.05. Conclusion: Increase in skin dose can be attributed of the bolus effect of thermoplastic mask. This bolus effect should be considered once high dose to skin is observed during planning or patient develops skin reaction.
Loss of EGFR Mutation Expression Induced by NF1 Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Non-Canonical Pathway of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors’ Resistance
Authors: Negron Rodriguez Jose Gabriel , Poma Luis Orrego , Galvez Manuel Leiva , Rodriguez Zavaleta Maria Claudia , Rodriguez Pantigoso Wuilbert
Published: November 2021

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is considered the first cause of cancer-related death worldwide and many therapies have been developed against the presence of actionable mutations. For example, targeting the EGFR mutation has changed the overall prognosis in NSCLC. However, resistance to treatment has emerged and many canonical mechanisms have already been described. NF1 mutation causes partial or total loss of function of neurofibromin, which activates several intracellular pathways (MAPK / ERK, PI3K / AKT, TGF -β / Smad), producing cellular proliferation, migration, apoptosis resistance and genetic instability, leading to loss of EGFR expression. Herein, we describe a case of a novel activation of a non-canonical pathway that led to treatment resistance by NF1 mutation.
Late, but Before Schedule-A Bigeminal Rhythm with Blocked Premature Junctional Beats
Authors: Manna Daniel
Published: November 2021

Premature supraventricular ectopic beats are common findings in ambulatory ECG monitoring. Blocked ectopic beats may occur if the premature beat coincides with the refractory period of the downstream conductive tissues. We report of an uncommon, symptomatic bigeminal rhythm which resulted in an abrupt decrease of the heart rate because of blocked P waves. The blocked P waves appeared uncommonly late in the cardiac cycle because of a very His-near activation site. For anatomic reasons treatment was difficult and the patient received a pacemaker.
Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases
Authors:   Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden, Funck Jensen Dan , Dubey Mukesh ,   Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden, Jensen Birgit ,   University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Karlsson Magnus ,   Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
Published: November 2021

The fungus Clonostachys rosea was recognized as an aggressive parasite on other fungi already in the late 1950s. Research into its potential use in biological control of plant diseases soon followed. Today, there are several commercial products based on C. rosea available for biocontrol applications worldwide. Although its mycoparasitic ability has attracted a lot of interest, C. rosea is now viewed as an ecological generalist whose lifestyle also includes plant endophytism, rhizosphere competence and polyphagous ability. Protocols for producing high amounts of C. rosea spores are available for both solid state and liquid fermentation. Low temperature and low moisture content are key factors that influence the shelf life of C. rosea propagules. Products based on C. rosea can be delivered to flowers using bumble bees, applied by spraying or as seed dressing or by incorporation into the soil. Clonostachys rosea is today an established factor in sustainable plant protection strategies.