bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Non-Punishment Principle as Cornerstone of a Robust European Modern Slavery Law Framework
Authors: Siegle Patrick Joseph
Published: September 2022

A significant ruling by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in 2021 (V.C.L. and A.N. v UK) reinvigorated the principle of non-punishment as a paramount tool in the prevention of modern-day slavery. This article attempts to crystallise how the principle can aid in recentring victims of human trafficking and other forms of physical and psychological abuse and, therefore, diminish the susceptibility of vulnerable people becoming such victims in the first place, disguised as perpetrators themselves, although being exploited for criminal activity. While ending impunity through criminalisation is one important tool in combating the existence of modern slavery (I), states need to incorporate other stipulations into their national legislation in order to provide a robust framework (II). The most crucial of these ingredients is the principle of non-punishment, which needs to be understood as an all-englobing shield applicable to all stages of criminal investigations. The principle needs to gain a more authoritative standing in national and European legal frameworks, as shall be demonstrated in the comparison between a deficient 2015 ruling by the High Court of Ireland and the ECtHR’s 2021 V.C.L. and A.N. v UK decision (III).
The Offences of Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Labour Exploitation: A Comparative Study (Part I)
Authors: Cucinotta Carlo
Published: September 2022

In the absence of unambiguous interpretations of the concepts of slavery, servitude, forced labour and labour exploitation offered by the sociological and anthropological debate, the article analyses the same concepts from a normative point of view, first, considering the approach of the European Court of Human Rights and then examining the solutions adopted by the Italian, French, German and Spanish criminal codes. The comparative investigation reveals significant similarities but also common problems in national legislations, which call for intervention by the European Union legislator.
Die Dresdner Gemäldegalerie 1722–1887
Authors: Paula Doreen
Published: September 2022

Inwiefern spiegeln sich in der Sammlungsgeschichte der Dresdner Gemäldegalerie Einflussnahmen durch Politik und das erstarkende Bürgertum wider? Und wie gelang es der Kunstgeschichte als wissenschaftlicher Disziplin, nach und nach federführend in der Sammlungspolitik zu werden? In Katalogen und Inventaren finden sich dazu zahlreiche Informationen. Sie machen deutlich, welche Aufmerksamkeit die Galerie als Ganzes sowie einzelne Künstler oder Schulen erfuhren.

Die Autorin beleuchtet die Geschichte der Sammlung von ihrer Gründung im 18. Jahrhundert bis zu der Zeit, als sich die Kunstgeschichte als universitäres Fach etablierte. Damit arbeitet sie ein bedeutendes Kapitel europäischer Museumsgeschichte auf.
Development of Informative System of Autism Spectrum Disorders Registry in Iran: A Brief Report
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Rezaei Mohammad , Seyedi Mahdieh , Bashirian Saeid , Zareian Sepideh , Khazaei Salman
Published: September 2022

Background: The registry will provide adequate motivation for researchers to conduct various studies in numerous fields of medical and neuropsychological sciences. Objectives: Up to the present, no registry system for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been developed in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed at the generation of the protocol to develop an informative system of ASD registry in Hamadan, one of the western cities of Iran. Methods: Before conducting this protocol, screening of 18-month-old children for ASD was executed. A researcher-made questionnaire will be used for data collection. The Data Management website will keep under review all accomplished questionnaires through the registration process. Results: The developed registry system is a precious tool to survey ASD and accurately conceive the essence of the problem. In Hamadan, similar to other parts of Iran and on a larger scale worldwide, the number of children diagnosed with ASD is increasing. Conclusions: The essential services and facilities will be provided for children with ASD and their affected families through the obtained information from this registry system. In addition, the obtained data from a large population by the registry system for ASD will induce researchers to discover environmental and genetic contributions to the etiological components of ASD.
Antidepresivi i COVID-19: prikaz slučaja i pregled literature
Authors: Dabetić Marija , Jovicic Milica Jasna , Dabetić Uroš , Latas Milan
Published: September 2022

Uvod. Antiinflamatorno dejstvo antidepresiva nagovešteno je u brojnim istraživanjima i pre pandemije koronavirusa. Aktuelne studije su na velikom broju pacijenata sa simptomatskom COVID-19 infekcijom potvrdile da antidepresivi pokazuju protektivno dejstvo u smislu smanjenja verovatnoće intubacije i smrtnog ishoda. Takođe, odgovor na antidepresive kod osoba sa postkovid depresijom je brži i jači u odnosu na one kod kojih depresija nije vezana za COVID-19. Cilj ovog rada jeste pregled literature vezan za efekat i mehanizme dejstva antidepresiva u COVID-19 infekciji i postkovid sekvelama, dopunjem prikazom tipičnog ambulatnog slučaja pacijentkinje sa post COVID-19 depresivnim poremećajem. 

Zaključak.  Postkovid depresija je česta sekvela COVID-19 infekcije. SSRI kod post COVID-19 depresije deluju brzo i efikasno, što se može objasniti njihovim antiinflmatornim svojstvima. Blagovremeni skrining i terapija postkovid psihijatrijskih simptoma može značajno umanjiti teret depresije za pojedinca i društvo. Takođe, pandemijska istraživanja stavila su u fokus nove mehanizme dejstva antidepresiva te pružila nove perspektive za sagledavanje etiologije depresije.
SCN1A polymorphisms influence the antiepileptic drugs responsiveness in Jordanian epileptic patients
Authors: Abduljabbar Rami , Eid Tamimi , Yousef Al-Motassem , Mukred Saeed , Zawiah Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN1A) gene polymorphisms influence the responsiveness of Jordanian epileptic patients to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods: A total of 72 AEDs-treated epileptics were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including SCN1A rs2298771, rs3812718, rs3812719, rs2217199, rs2195144 and rs1972445. Genotype and allele distributions in drug-responsive and drug-resistant patients were compared. The six SNPs haplotypes were examined, and the linkage disequilibrium (LD) was assessed. Results: The genotypes of drug-resistant and drug-responsive groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Three genetic polymorphisms of the SCN1A gene seemed to influence the resistance to AEDs, on the level of alleles and genotypes. Data revealed that rs2298771 G allele, rs3812719 C allele, and rs2195144 T allele increased the risk of developing AEDs-resistance (OR=2.9; 95%CI= 1.4-5.9, p=0.003; OR=2.4; 95%CI=1.2-4.7, p=0.01; OR=2.3; 95%CI=1.2-4.7, p=0.01), respectively. Haplo type analysis of SCN1A polymorphisms revealed high-degree LD associated with resistance to AEDs. A synergetic effect appears with highly significant association in GCCATG haplotype of rs2298771, rs3812718, rs3812719, rs2217199, rs2195144, and rs1972445 respectively (OR=2.8; 95%CI=1.5-6.2, p=0.002). Conclusions: Data suggests that SCN1A polymorphisms could influence the resistance to AEDs in Jordanian epileptics at three SNPs (rs2298771; rs3812719; rs2195144). Additionally, haplotype analysis indicated a substantial degree of LD between the six SCN1A polymorphisms. Further investigation with larger sample size is needed to confirm the results of the current study.
Association between serum irisin concentration and ischemic stroke: From etiology to clinic
Authors: Çalık Mustafa , Sengul Yildizhan , Mail Gurkan , Hintoglu Deniz , Fevziye Mısırlıoglu , Uzun Hafize
Published: September 2022

Background: To investigate the relationship between irisin levels in serum and classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin Score (mRS) at the time of discharge from the hospital in Turkish patients who had their first acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Serum irisin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 180 patients who applied to emergency department with the diagnosis of AIS from May 2021 to November 2021. Results: A significant relationship was found between serum irisin levels and ischemic stroke aetiological factors (TAOST) (p=0.017). Increased serum irisin levels were detected in patients without neurological deficits with localization value than those with it (p<0.01). Serum irisin levels also have a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) value in ischemic stroke (r: -0.272, p<0.01). Conclusions: High serum irisin levels found in patients with stroke attributed to small vessel disease and in patients with ischemic stroke in whom we did not find any neurological deficits with a localization value. The results of the study show that serum irisin levels have an important role in the etiology of ischemic stroke. Although the question how the irisin is involved in the course of ischemic stroke and what the clinical reflection has not been answered, these findings are a pioneering study on this subject.
A Numerical Formulation Applicable to Surface Piercing Hydrofoils and Propellers
Authors: Savineau Cedric , Kinnas Spyros
Published: September 2022

The flow field around a fully ventilated two-dimensional hydrofoil of arbitrary geometry is considered. The presented theory is a non-linear, time marching, potential based boundary element method. The perturbation potential on the cavity is a function of submergence and time. The non-linear cavity geometry is determined iteratively within the solution at each timestep. A linearized free surface condition, at infinite Froude number, is enforced by using the “negative image” approach. The developed analysis is shown to converge well with iterations per timestep, even though the cavity geometry has been found to be sensitive to the panel arrangement at the foil leading edge. Pressure distributions compare very well with linearized analytical results at small angles of attack, but the non-linear effects are noticeable at larger angles of attack.
Measurement of Water Surface Particle Kinematics Using a Motion Tracking System
Authors: Murray J. J. , Sullivan M. A.
Published: September 2022

Water particle motions on the wave surface are of interest to the designer for various applications that require quantification of particle kinematics. Difficulties in predicting these kinematics lead to other alternatives such as measurements in model tests. The modelled waves themselves as generated in facilities may also be of interest. Devices to measure particle motion adopted from fluid flow measurement equipment, are generally not well suited to measure particle kinematics because of limitations in their response or intrusiveness within the wave field. This paper discusses the use of a motion tracking device to measure wave surface particle kinematics. Small spheres floating on the wave surface are tracked using an optical tracking device and their position is determined as a function of time using monitoring cameras. Tests were carried out in a series of regular and irregular waves. Measured kinematics are compared and discussed in relation to those predicted by wave theories.
Nonlinear Characteristics of Laboratory-Generated Irregular Waves
Authors: Park In-Seung , Im Sungbin , Powers Edward J. , Duggal Arun , Johnson Peter
Published: September 2022

In this paper we consider the use of so-called sparse Volterra time-domain models to decompose experimentally observed irregular waves into their first- and second order components. By decomposing the wave elevation, the influence of the individual linear and quadratic components on the large, extreme waves are quantified. The performance of the sparse Volterra and full Volterra modeling techniques are compared by implementing them for modeling and prediction of wave elevation as well as wave decomposition.
Laser Doppler Velocimetry Techniques in the Large Cavitation Channel
Authors: Blanton James N.
Published: September 2022

Recent demands for making velocity measurements on complex models in the Large Cavitation Channel have required the use of innovative techniques in the application of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). Several typical models, from bodies of revolution to fully-appended surface ships, are shown to demonstrate various effective techniques used in obtaining LDV measurements. Furthermore, LDV measurements of test section and diffuser flows obtained in the absence of a model are compared favorable with wind tunnel model data.
Behavior of Tendon Models in Random Seas
Authors: Niedzwecki J. M. , van de Lindt J. W. , Rijken O. R.
Published: September 2022

A great deal of effort has been directed toward developing reliability based procedures for use in the design of offshore platforms. The emphasis in this study was on the use of design contours and the treatment of uncertainties associated with modeling the environment and variation of structural parameters. A combination of a empirically based environmental model and a numerically based Monte Carlo simulation was used to establish the probabilities of failure conditional on occurrence of particular storms. An example is presented which illustrates the effects of top tension variation in a TLP designed to be deployed in a 750m water depth. A discussion relating the conditional probabilities of failure, the reliability index, and the return periods has been included.
The Use of Numerical Optimization in Advanced Blade Section Design
Authors: Black Scott
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a method to design foil sections for marine propellers or hydrofoils using inviscid and boundary-layer theory. The current configuration allows a variety of goals and constraints including cavitation inception prediction, lift/drag maximization, and flow separation avoidance. A state-of-the-art two-dimensional boundary-layer formulation is coupled with a perturbation potential panel method to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sections. Several examples are designed using this method and are compared to conventional sections. The foil shape is optimized using a method of feasible directions algorithm.
Detailed Bow-Flow Data and CFD of a Series 60 CB= .6 Ship Model for Froude Number 0.316
Authors: Stern F. , Longo J. , Zhang Z. J.
Published: September 2022

The bow flow of the Series 60 CB 0. 6 ship model is reinvestigated using both experiments and CFD. More detailed bow-flow data is obtained by taking measurements of the wave elevation with a point gauge very near the bow. In the CFD, the bow flow is resolved in more detail by using the real bow geometry instead of the simplified vertical zero-thickness bow used in previous studies, which requires a much finer grid in the bow region. The experiments and CFD are briefly described; results are presented; and discussions are made concerning comparisons of the new and old CFD solutions with the extended data regarding the wave profile and elevation at the bow, the thin film and beads (i.e. attached spray sheet and bow vortices), and the stagnation effects. Finally some concluding remarks are made.
Measurement of Pressure, Added Mass and Damping Coefficients for a Destroyer Model using the Marine Dynamic Test Facility
Authors: Datta I. , Ando S.
Published: September 2022

The Marine Dynamic Test Facility (MDTF) is a five degree-of-freedom forced oscillation test apparatus being purchased jointly by the Canadian Department of National Defence (DND) and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). When completed, it will be installed in the towing tank of the Institute for Marine Dynamics (IMD) in St. John's, Newfoundland. The apparatus is designed to perform complex experiments with surface ships, submarines, underwater vehicles, etc. by putting them through pre-defined arbitrary trajectories, measuring the reaction forces and extracting the hydrodynamic characteristics of the vehicles from the measured data. There are also other novel applications which this apparatus could be put to. Currently IMD has a pilot version of the MDTF, with only dynamic heave and pitch, and variable yaw offset, capabilities. The pilot rig was used in a recent experiment to oscillate a destroyer model in pure heave and pure pitch modes in calm water. One purpose was to measure the added mass and damping coefficients. As well, the model was instrumented with 19 pressure transducers to measure the radiation pressure on the model hull as function of oscillation frequency, amplitude and forward speed. These data are vital for the proper validation of numerical codes, particularly since good experimental data on radiation load and pressure are relatively rare. This paper outlines the main features of the experimental technique, describes the data analysis procedures and presents results that show the validity of the approach. The huge amount of data gathered are still in the process of being analyzed and only some representative results are presented.
Nonlinear Roll Damping of Nova Scotia Inshore Fishing Boats
Authors: Peng H. , Lacy G. , Huang Z. J. , Hsiung C. C.
Published: September 2022

Investigation into the roll damping of Nova Scotia inshore fishing boats, known locally as Cape Island boats has been carried out. The roll damping coefficients are obtained for the computer simulation of Cape boat motion in large waves. Cape boats have low length to beam ratio, very shallow draft, and a deep skeg. Time history of the roll decay tests shows stiff and heavily-damped roll motions which only last for one-and-a-half to two cycles. The four models chosen in the test cover a wide range of Cape boat designs. It is found that the damping coefficients are both nonlinear and roll angle dependent. The data analysis procedure and results are presented in this paper.
Parametric Identification of Hydrodynamic Characteristics From Ship Maneuvering Trials Using Neural Networks
Authors: Haddara M. R. , Sabin G. C.W.
Published: September 2022

The success of a ship in performing its mission depends on the ability of the naval architect to understand how the design features of a ship affect its performance. The ability to relate the performance of a ship in a seaway to its design features is one of the basic goals of a naval architect. Ship's performance is a matrix of parameters that describe its stability, maneuverability, response to wave excitation, ... etc. The efforts in relating design features to the different parameters of the performance matrix have met different degrees of success, greater with regard to powering and seakeeping and with regard to maneuverability.
Stent-assisted coiling of a ruptured basilar artery perforator aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Cho Jongwon , Suh Sang Hyun , Chung Joonho
Published: September 2022

Basilar artery (BA) perforator aneurysms are exceedingly rare causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, the natural history and optimal treatment have not been established, and surgical, endovascular, and conservative management have been used. However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment strategy. Herein, we report the case of a 52-year-old man presenting with a ruptured BA perforator aneurysm. First, we deployed an Enterprise stent from the left P1 segment to the BA because the microcatheter could not enter the aneurysm. Then, we deployed a helical coil on the orifice of the BA perforator. Finally, we deployed another Enterprise stent, sandwiching the helical coil between the two Enterprise stents. The aneurysm was completely obliterated without recurrence on the follow-up angiography. Our technique of sandwiching the small helical coil between two Enterprise stents might help other surgeons by offering another feasible treatment option for ruptured BA perforator aneurysms.
Complications and risk factors after digital subtraction angiography: 1-year single-center study
Authors: Nam Ho Hyun , Jang Dong Kyu , Cho Byung Rae
Published: September 2022

Objective: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is an imaging technique used to diagnose and confirm abnormal lesions of cerebral blood vessels in various situations. Several complications such as cerebral infarction, contrast-induced allergy, and angio-site hematoma or infection can occur after DSA. We investigated complication rates and risk factors related to DSA.Methods: All patients who underwent DSA at Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital from January to December 2021 were included. Those who underwent emergency DSA due to stroke or who underwent endovascular surgery within 1 week after DSA were excluded. Complications that occurred within 1 week after DSA were included in the study and was classified into three categories (neurologic complications, contrast-induced allergy, and wound complications).Results: The mean age was 57.7±13.2 years old and the female was dominant at 63.9%. The overall complication rate was 5% (n=20/407). Regarding neurologic complications, the presence of malignancy (p<0.01), and a longer procedure time (>15 minutes, p=0.04) were statistically significant factors. Contrast-induced allergy did not show any statistically significant difference in any parameter. The wound complication rate was higher in men (p=0.02), trans-femoral approach (p=0.02), frequent alcohol drinkers (p=0.04), those taking anticoagulants (p=0.03), and longer procedure time (>15 minutes, p<0.01).Conclusions: DSA is an invasive diagnostic modality and can cause several complications. Patients with cancer should be more careful about the occurrence of cerebral infarction, and men taking anticoagulants or drinking frequently should be more careful about the occurrence of angio-site hematomas.
Alterations of vital signs as prognostic factors after intraprocedural rupture of intracranial aneurysms during endovascular treatment
Authors: Kim Keonhee , Kim Junhyung , Park Sang Kyu , Park Keun Young , Chung Joonho
Published: September 2022

Objective: To report our experience with intraprocedural rupture (IPR) of intracranial aneurysms during endovascular treatment and evaluate alterations in vital signs as independent prognostic factors to predict the outcomes of IPR.Methods: Between January 2008 and August 2021, 34 patients (8 ruptured and 26 unruptured) were confirmed to have IPR based on our dataset with 3178 endovascular coiling procedures. The patients who underwent additional surgeries related to IPR were classified as the OP group (n=9), while those who did not receive additional surgeries were classified as the non-OP group (n=25). Vital signs were recorded during the procedure by anesthesiologists and analyzed.Results: Of the 34 patients included in this study, eight initially presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm. The clinical outcomes at discharge were significantly different between the two groups (p=0.046). In the OP group, five patients showed favorable outcomes at discharge, while four showed unfavorable outcomes. In the non-OP group, 23 patients showed favorable outcomes at discharge while two patients showed unfavorable outcomes. Maximal (MAX) systolic blood pressure (SBP) (odds ratio [OR] 1.520, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.084-2.110; p=0.037) and higher differential value MAX-median blood pressure (MBP) (OR 1.322, 95% CI 1.029-1.607; p=0.044) remained independent risk factors for poor prognosis after IPR on multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusions: The MAX SBP and the difference between the maximal and baseline values of MBP are key factors in predicting the prognosis of patients after IPR, as well as providing useful information for predicting the outcome. Further research is required to confirm the relationship between naive pressure and prognosis.
Polygenic adaptation after a sudden change in environment
Authors: Hayward Laura Katharine , Sella Guy
Published: September 2022

Polygenic adaptation is thought to be ubiquitous, yet remains poorly understood. Here, we model this process analytically, in the plausible setting of a highly polygenic, quantitative trait that experiences a sudden shift in the fitness optimum. We show how the mean phenotype changes over time, depending on the effect sizes of loci that contribute to variance in the trait, and characterize the allele dynamics at these loci. Notably, we describe the two phases of the allele dynamics: The first is a rapid phase, in which directional selection introduces small frequency differences between alleles whose effects are aligned with or opposed to the shift, ultimately leading to small differences in their probability of fixation during a second, longer phase, governed by stabilizing selection. As we discuss, key results should hold in more general settings and have important implications for efforts to identify the genetic basis of adaptation in humans and other species.
c-Myc plays a key role in IFN-γ-induced persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Vollmuth Nadine , Schlicker Lisa , Guo Yongxia , Hovhannisyan Pargev , Janaki-Raman Sudha , Kurmasheva Naziia , Schmitz Werner , Schulze Almut , Stelzner Kathrin , Rajeeve Karthika , Rudel Thomas
Published: September 2022

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr) can persist over extended times within their host cell and thereby establish chronic infections. One of the major inducers of chlamydial persistence is interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released by immune cells as a mechanism of immune defence. IFN-γ activates the catabolic depletion of L-tryptophan (Trp) via indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), resulting in persistent Ctr. Here, we show that IFN-γ induces the downregulation of c-Myc, the key regulator of host cell metabolism, in a STAT1-dependent manner. Expression of c-Myc rescued Ctr from IFN-γ-induced persistence in cell lines and human fallopian tube organoids. Trp concentrations control c-Myc levels most likely via the PI3K-GSK3β axis. Unbiased metabolic analysis revealed that Ctr infection reprograms the host cell tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to support pyrimidine biosynthesis. Addition of TCA cycle intermediates or pyrimidine/purine nucleosides to infected cells rescued Ctr from IFN-γ-induced persistence. Thus, our results challenge the longstanding hypothesis of Trp depletion through IDO as the major mechanism of IFN-γ-induced metabolic immune defence and significantly extends the understanding of the role of IFN-γ as a broad modulator of host cell metabolism.
Post-phagocytosis activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by two novel T6SS effectors
Authors: Cohen Hadar , Baram Noam , Fridman Chaya Mushka , Edry-Botzer Liat , Salomon Dor , Gerlic Motti
Published: September 2022

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used by bacteria to deliver toxic effectors directly into target cells. Most T6SSs mediate antibacterial activities, whereas the potential anti-eukaryotic role of T6SS remains understudied. Here, we found a Vibrio T6SS that delivers two novel effectors into mammalian host immune cells. We showed that these effectors induce a pyroptotic cell death in a phagocytosis-dependent manner; we identified the NLRP3 inflammasome as being the underlying mechanism leading to the T6SS-induced pyroptosis. Moreover, we identified a compensatory T6SS-induced pathway that is activated upon inhibition of the canonical pyroptosis pathway. Genetic analyses revealed possible horizontal spread of this T6SS and its anti-eukaryotic effectors into emerging pathogens in the marine environment. Our findings reveal novel T6SS effectors that activate the host inflammasome and possibly contribute to virulence and to the emergence of bacterial pathogens.
What’s the effectiveness of stocking actions in small creeks? The role of water discharge behind hatchery trout downstream movement
Authors: Brignone Stefano , De Santis Vanessa , Putelli Tiziano , Molina Christophe , Piccinini Armando , Carmichael Richard A. , Volta Pietro
Published: September 2022

Fish stocking to enhance freshwater fisheries or to improve the conservation status of endangered fish species is a common practice in many countries. Little is known, however, of the effectiveness of these practices in spite of the high efforts and investments required. The movement of subadult/adult hatchery-released brown troutSalmo truttaL. was studied by passive telemetry in a small tributary of Lake Lugano (i.e., Laveggio Creek, Canton Ticino, Switzerland). Hatchery fish, together with some resident wild individuals sampled during electrofishing surveys, were tagged with Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) tags. Hatchery fish were released upstream and downstream a submersible monitoring antenna, which was anchored to the streambed in a pass-over orientation. The number of hatchery fish detected daily by the antenna (divided between fish released upstream and downstream the antenna) was analyzed in relation to the daily water discharge, to search for similar patterns in their fluctuation over time. Only the movement of fish released upstream the antenna displayed a significant relationship with water discharge, with the highest number of fish detected during periods of high-water flow, occurring after heavy rains. High-water discharge events had a significant role in hatchery trout downstream movement in our study site, likely acting as a driver for the downstream migration to Lake Lugano. Such events contributed to the poor effectiveness of stocking actions in this small tributary, providing further evidence against stocking strategies based on subadult/adult fish.
Improved response inhibition induced by attentional capture is associated with physical activity
Authors: Zhu Hao , Xu Jiuyang , Zheng Yue , Jiang Guiping , Huang Xinyi , Tan Xiaohuan , Wu Xueping
Published: September 2022

The ability to stop a response promptly when a stop signal is presented is named response inhibition. It is generally accepted that the process of response inhibition requires a subject to pay attention to the stop instruction and then cancel the action. A wealth of converging evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) can promote response inhibition, but the potential contributions of attentional capture to the relationship between PA and response inhibition are currently unknown. In this study, the standard stop-signal task (SST) and two novel versions of the SST were used to solve this gap. A total of 58 college students were divided into a higher PA group and a lower PA group, respectively. In Experiment 1, the classical SST determined that the participants in the higher PA group displayed a significantly faster stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) than those in the lower PA group. Experiment 2 separated the attentional capture in the SST and revealed that the participants in the higher PA group could detect the signal faster than those in the lower PA group. Experiment 3 further added a stop signal to Experiment 2 and demonstrated that the participants in the higher PA group could more effectively deploy attentional resources to complete the task. Overall, these findings indicate that PA is positively associated with response inhibition and that the positive relationship is associated with effective allocation of attentional resources for faster attentional capture.
Does quality of novice hand-tied square knots improve with repetition during a single training session?
Authors: Tobias Karen , Mulon Pierre-Yves , Daniels Alec , Sun Xiaocun
Published: September 2022

Background

Knot tying is a key surgical skill for novices, and repetition over several training sessions improves knot tying. This study examined the effects of repetition within a single training session on quality of knotted loops and compared results of novice trainees and experienced surgeons.

Methods

Using 0.55 mm nylon monofilament fishing line, novices and surgeons each hand-tied 20 knotted loops, using a 2=1=1=1 configuration (surgeon’s throw and three square throws). Loops were mechanically tested with a single load to failure.

Results

All loops tolerated five newtons (N) preload. More than 70% of novice and surgeon knots failed by slipping or untying, and 8.8% of novice knots and 2.5% of surgeon’s knots were considered dangerous. Surgeons’ loops had less extension at preload, indicating better loop security. However, during single test to failure, there was no difference in mean extension or maximum load between surgeons and novices. There was no significant difference in results of mechanical testing or modes of failure for the first and last ten knotted loops, or the first, second, third, and fourth sets of knotted loops.

Discussion

With appropriate training, novices can construct knots as strong and secure as experienced surgeons. A large percentage of knotted loops are insecure under testing conditions; extra throws may be required when using large diameter monofilament nylon. Novices may require extra training in maintenance of loop security when constructing square knots. Tying more than five or 10 knotted loops within a single training session does not provide added benefits for novices.
Still: A Screenplay Exploring Death Anxiety - The Fear of Losing a Loved On
Authors: Laurent Maria Olivia
Published: September 2022

The fear of death has long plagued people for its unknown implications and the burden of grief that comes with it; however, it is not something that people often acknowledge. This work intends to highlight that fear-related issues should not be understated as trivial negative emotions and need more awareness. Using the death anxiety and protection motivation theories, I discovered that there are hidden conflicts behind death anxiety that people need to address to minimize their symptoms and eventually undergo a successful coping process. The story follows the struggle of Sasha, who initially rejects her beloved Kaiser’s death by creating alternate universes to save him but then slowly realizes that her interferences are harmful. In the end, she finally accepts his death and moves on. Through that angle, this work aims to motivate people that while death happens inevitably, they can always handle their fear through a more positive mindset. Keywords: death anxiety, codependency, coping, science fiction, dark fantasy, alternate universes
Gender Roles and Culture: Female Students’ Interest in Information Technology Major and Career
Authors: Wijaya Graciela Queen
Published: September 2022

Stereotypes has been ingrained in the society for a very long time. According to Daniel Katz and Kenneth Braly (1933), stereotyping guides to racial discrimination just after people respond to a particular group and assign the characteristic of the group emotionally. Cultural expectations have dominated societies around the world, and become an obstacle to women, including in career. However, they start to break down the barriers to show how traditional gender roles belong in the past. Therefore, in college majors, they started to enter the male-dominated majors. This research aims to find out what cultural values do the female students believe related to gender roles and its relationship with their chosen major and career. The theory that will be used is gender roles. A qualitative approach will be used by interviewing and collecting all the data from the students who are majoring in Informatics Engineering and Business Information System (SIB) in Petra Christian University.Keywords: gender roles, non-traditional career, male-dominated majors, education, career choice
Embracing the Future: Digital School Culture in Tabanan High Schools
Authors: Setyawan Reynald
Published: September 2022

Digitalization has been an inevitable part of human lives, and education is not an exception. Digitalization is, however, only a part of the change. While digitalization is just using digital technologies and digitized data for an impact, digital transformation is broader adoption of digital technology and cultural change. It is more about the people, rather than the technology. One of the most prominent examples is the integration of the digital culture and the school culture, creating “digital school culture”. Concerns arise from the change, especially isolation from peers and decreased effectiveness on practical lessons . In this case, the creativity to integrate digital culture in online settings to accommodate these concerns is necessary. This research attempts to find the three high schools in Tabanan’s current state of digital school culture and plan of development for the future. The data is gained through semi-impromptu interviews with three high schools’ vice-principal of curriculum and vice-principal of student affairs in Tabanan. Their answers are then analyzed through digital culture and school culture theory. Their answers will also be compared with each other to figure out the similarities and differences in their implementation of digital school culture.Keywords: digital culture, school culture, digital school culture, digital transformation, digital native, digital immigrant, Tabanan high school
Comparing and Contrasting the Samurai Gintoki and Hijikata Personalities from Gintama
Authors: Martono Leonardo Kevin
Published: September 2022

The mask or persona will be discussed in the first subchapter. Gintoki and Hijikata both have a mask that they wear to show to other people or society. Gintoki's persona is lazy, childish, and cowardly since his motivation is to live a carefree life, free of obligations, and to project an image that others will not hold high expectations of him. Behind every façade is their genuine personality, which they prefer not to project. The shadow will be discussed in the second subchapter. Their repressed feelings and flaws are contained in the shadow. I will also go through how each character's shadow works. Gintoki's shadow is his guilt about killing his own teacher as a result of being forced to make some difficult decisions. Whereas Hijikata’s shadow is regret of being unable to save his brother. The findings are that a human psyche is complex, and each has his different causes and outcomes.Keywords: samurai, persona, shadow, anima, animus, personality
Adolf Hitler’s Pathological Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Mein Kampf
Authors: Hartanto Fayola Isabelle , Setiawan Dwi
Published: September 2022

Given the argument that an autobiography can be deconstructed like any other fictional texts, this article analyzes Mein Kampf (1939), an autobiography written by Adolf Hitler by treating the text as a fiction. Doing so reveals Adolf Hitler the character, who is very influenced by Adolf Hitler the writer. With the use of Otto F. Kernberg’s (2004) theory on pathological narcissistic personality disorder, this article attempts to find Adolf Hitler the character’s narcissistic personality disorder inside of Mein Kampf and the reasons for such personality disorder. The investigation reveals that the symptoms of the character’s narcissism can be found in the character’s self, emotional life, and social functioning which fit into Kernberg’s (2004) description of a narcissistic patient. On the other hand, the character’s authoritarian parental figure and innate talents are the reasons for the personality disorder. Keywords: autobiography; narcissism; adolf hitler; mein kampf
Increasing the Brand Awareness of PT. Hadi Citra Cemerlang by Emphasizing Its Unique Selling Point in a Marketing Booklet
Authors: Liew Edwan Dhika Dwijayaputra
Published: September 2022

PT. Hadi Citra Cemerlang is a frozen food distributor in East Java, Indonesia. The company’s target markets are restaurants, Agencies, and Convenience stores. As one of the biggest distributors in East Java, PT. Hadi Citra Cemerlang has problem. The company has difficulty in selling its products and introducing the uniqueness of the company. Therefore, PT. Hadi Citra Cemerlang needs to increase its brand awareness through a promotional tool. The writer provides a solution which is a Marketing Booklet. The writer will use the theory of branding, promotional tool, marketing booklet, and Unique Selling Point (USP) to make that happen. After identifying the company's Unique Selling Point, the USP will be highlighted and emphasized in the marketing booklet. Excellence services and Lower prices are the main USP of the company. A marketing booklet can benefit the company since it can help prospects, new customers easier and more efficiently. Keywords: marketing booklet, unique selling point, promotion, promotional tool
Father-and-son’s Conflicts in Webtoon Bastard
Authors: Tanoko Ivania
Published: September 2022

Webtoon is a popular digital-comic media. For this thesis, I will analyze a thriller Webtoon Bastard because it has a great theme, plot, drawing style, and good reviews. The story focuses on the conflicts between a father (Dongsoo Seon), who is also a murderer, and his son (Jin Seon), which inspires me to take the failure in a father-and-son’s relationship as my topic. Therefore, I want to explore what factors trigger father-and-son’s conflicts and how those factors lead to the failure in the father-and-son’s relationship. I apply the theory of father-and-son’s conflict. I want to show Dongsoo’s and Jin’s different ways of thinking on concepts of happiness and love, parental roles, and parental authority create conflicts because of no emotional bond and agreement related to familism values, discrepancy between expectations and reality, and no room for adolescent’s independence. In conclusion, the complexity in this relationship can attract Webtoon’s readers. Keywords: father and son, single parent, adolescent, conflicts in the family, webtoon
Jack’s Anxieties and Defense Mechanisms in Fight Club
Authors: Sanusi E.O.
Published: September 2022

In this article, I want to analyze a movie entitled Fight Club by David Fincher. It is one of Film Noir movies that is adapted from Chuck Palahniuk’s novel. Film Noir usually employs mentally unstable characters. In this movie, Jack, the main character, has psychological problems which causes his anxieties. Thus, I want to find out the types of Jack’s anxiety and the defense mechanism he uses to cope with it. I will identify the types of Jack’s anxieties and the defense mechanisms he uses. His anxieties have led him to have insomnia, depression, and the formation of his alter ego Tyler Durden. They also cause his problematic behavior that results in the destruction of his life. In order to cope with his psychological problem, Jack uses several defense mechanisms. In my analysis, I use theory of anxieties and defense mechanisms by Sigmund Freud. Based on the analysis, I find that Jack has reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety. To cope with anxieties, he uses defense mechanisms such as repression, fixation, and regression. His anxieties and unhealthy defense mechanisms are what have driven him to have problematic behavior.  Keywords: anxiety, defense mechanism, neurotic anxiety, reality anxiety, moral anxiety
Hamilton: An American Founding Father—or an Other?
Authors: Moekoe Gabriela Lika Inga , Setiawan Dwi
Published: September 2022

Hamilton is a highly successful musical, both critically and commercially, which has been applauded for its revolutionary inclusivity: the musical famously casts people of color, despite its characters being based on historical, living people who were not of color, including the towering figures of America’s ‘founding fathers’. A group of critics, however—minor yet nonetheless vital voices—have denounced this as superficial diversity that perpetuates the erasure of people of color from history; as no main character is based on a historical person of color. While certain writers and reviewers have offered rebuttals, there is yet to be critical exposition that the character Hamilton himself, rather than a representation of the founding father, is instead a representation of what postcolonialists term ‘the other’; therefore making the work the opposite of an erasure of societally othered minority groups. As such, this paper examines, and later finds, that Hamilton’s Hamilton is indeed the epitome—and thus a prime representation, signaling undeniable presence—of the other in the text. Keywords: Musical Theater, American Literature, Postcolonialism, The Other, Immigrants.
Experience in caring for the older people with dementia in the home environment: a qualitative synthesis of evidence / Experiência em cuidar de idosos com demência no ambiente domiciliar: uma síntese qualitativa de evidências
Authors: Cruzeiro Maria Gabriela Martins , Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga do , Santos Aline Silva de Assis , Oliveira Isabela Viana , Rezende Cristiane de Paula
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: compreender a experiência de cuidadores familiares no cuidado de idosos com demência em ambiente domiciliar. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca sistemática por estudos qualitativos e análise temática para sintetizar os resultados. Resultados: foram incluídos nove estudos. Emergiram quatro temas analíticos: Reconhecendo a demência e desvendando o cuidar; “Você está sozinha”; Limitações e desconhecimentos no cuidar com demência; “É um último recurso (colocação em instituição de longa permanência)”. A perda de autonomia dos idosos gerou sentimentos de luto e solidão. O conhecimento limitado sobre demência suscitou em um cuidado inábil. Os cuidados temporários eram percebidos como uma solução frente à necessidade de ajuda, porém, a institucionalização foi abordada como uma última alternativa. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos são importantes para fornecer subsídio para a criação de políticas públicas mais humanizadas que considerem a integralidade no cuidado, auxiliar profissionais de saúde na prestação de cuidados aos idosos com demência e sua família.