bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Kandang Perternakan Di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Berbasis Android
Authors: Rizki Syafrika Deni , Van FC Lucky Lhaura , Lisnawita Lisnawita
Published: October 2018

Abstrak- Perancangan aplikasi sistem informasi geografis untuk pemetaan dan pencarian Kandang Peternakan Di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman berbasis android bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi lokasi Kandang Peternakan kepada masyarakat yang ada di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman maupun masyarakat luar Kabupaten Padang Pariaman tersebut, serta memberikan informasi-informasi mengenai detail Kandang Peternakan. Sehingga diharapkan dapat di akses kapanpun dan dimana pun.Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Geografis berbasis android ini dibuat menggunakan MapInfo Professional 9.0 sebagai dasar pembuatan peta aplikasi, Eclipse sebagai dasar Aplikasi di android , dan Giscloud sebagai server penyimpanan peta secara online.Aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat dipergunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi Kandang Peternakan Di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman yang disajikan dalam bentuk sebuah aplikasi peta Dan Informasi tentang Kandang Peternakan. Aplikasi ini dapat digunakan secara online maupun offline. Kata kunci : Sistem informasi geografis , MapInfo , Eclipse, Giscloud, Android Abstract- The design of the application of geographic information system for mapping and Cages Animal Husbandry android-based In the district of Padang Pariaman to provide location information Cage Ranch to the people in the district of Padang Pariaman and communities outside Padang Pariaman district, as well as provide information about the details of the Cage Ranch. android based Geographic Information System was created using MapInfo Professional 9.0 as the basis for the map application, Eclipse as the basis of applications in the android, and Giscloud as maps online. The storage server aplication is expected to be used for get information Cage Ranch in Padang Pariaman district were presented in the form of a map application and information about the Cage Ranch. This application can be used online or offline. Keywords: geographic information system, MapInfo , Eclipse, Giscloud, Android
Penetapan Balance Scorecard untuk Mengukur Kinerja Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi di PT. DXY, Jakarta
Authors: Hudiarto Hudiarto , Arifin Fury
Published: October 2018

Changing of country’s leadership will affect state policy in Indonesia. It will automatically change its policies and  business processess gradually to make it more clean, well controlled, and more transparant. In this case, it might affect some companies that previously their business rely on the power of negotiation business practice and relationships for achieving a project. That companies will start losing their customers especially from the government and state-owned bank (SOEs) in the future. PT. DXY is a medium scale company engaged in mining industry, particularly in supplying various type of heavy equipments and other support services. The shareholders and the board of directors aware of this situation and they are ready to find a way to transform. Through various stages of approach, especially in usage of the IS / IT from Primozic, SWOT Analysis, Balanced Scorecard, and New Information Economics, they drafted business plans, and information systems and technology (IS/IT) strategies so that the company can still exist and even be able to occupy higher position in the competition of the industry. One that can be addressed here is the new Balanced Scorecard that is used   as the benchmark performance management at the company for the first time. Changes in business processes as well as investments in the near future on the IS/IT cover human resource (HR) and customer resource management (CRM) applications along with forming computer networking. It is believed to be able to change the position of the use of IS/IT from what is now saving money becoming making money.

Index Terms: balance scorecard, information system and technology, make money, save money, state policy.
Hidden Potential of Doob Grass- An Indian Traditional Drug
Authors: Reshu Virmani , Tarun Virmani , Satbir Singh , Geeta Mahlawat , Girish Mittal
Published: October 2018

Medicinal plants are rich in several potential drugs and it carries healthier and harmless alternate to synthetic system of drugs. Plant Cynodon dactylon (L.) (doob/ bermuda grass) family (Graminae/Poaceae) is one of them. It is a perennial grass circulated all over the world, and particularly it is native to the high temperate and tropical regions. In various states of India doob grass is known by different names like Durva (Marathi), Arukampillu (Tamil), Durba (Bengali), Dhro (Gujarati), Shataparva (Sanskrit), Garichgaddi (Telugu) etc. It is the second most holy plant of Hindu religious after Tulsi (Oscimum sanctum). It has various medicinal values and it is used in the treatment of various types of diseases in the form of various dosage forms like powder, paste or extracts. The plant of C. dactylon has a variety of biological activities like antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial and specially wound healing properties. Furthermore, it has been broadly used in ancient medicines to treat various problems such as hypertension, epilepsy, cough, diarrhoea, headache, cramps, dropsy, dysentery, hemorrhage, hysteria, measles, snakebite, sores, stones urogenital disorders, tumors, and warts (outer growth on the skin). The herb contains crude proteins, carbohydrates, and mineral constituents, oxides of magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, sodium and potassium. The herb has β-sitosterol and β-carotoene, triterpinoids, vitamin C, cartone, palmitic acid, alkaloids, ergonovine and ergonovinine. The aim of this review is to produce an interest for further investigations of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of this herb.
Adult’s Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and Implementation of Standardized Formulation in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alomi Yousef Ahmed , Almalki Hussam Saad , Fallatah Aisha Omar , Alshammari Awatif Faraj , Alotaibi Nahedh Rashed
Published: October 2018

The general administration of pharmaceutical care started potential pharmacy practice program. The program is part of accreditation professional’s process of national and international regulations. The adult’s parenteral nutrition was one of the critical programs. The most healthcare professionals are not familiar with the new system. The new initiatives system adult’s standardized concentration formulation of total parental nutrition as complementary to the previous one. The new formulation consisted of all parental nutrition requirements based on national and international standards. The new system can be converted as computerized physician orders. The new initiatives may implement as project management model over one year or less than that’s. The new system prevents nutrition-related problems, and medication errors, and improve clinical outcomes of the adults’ population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Pediatrics’ Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and implementation of standardized formulation in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Alomi Yousef , Saad Almalki Hussam , Fallatah Aisha Omar , Alshammari Awatif Faraj , Al-Shubbar Nesreen
Published: October 2018

The national total parental nutrition program with an emphasis on pediatrics started before several ago at Ministry of health hospitals In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The program covered several regions and consisted from the foundation of Intravenous Admixture and preparation of pediatric parenteral nutrition to administration and follow up of patients outcomes. In addition to the prior system, the new initiative project with the standardized formulation of pediatric’s parenteral nutrition is the complementary project of the parental nutrition for pediatrics. The project initiated to prevent drug-related problems of parental nutrition, improve patient clinical outcome and reduce the unnecessary economic burden on the healthcare system. It is the new system in the Middle East and Gulf counties in additional to Saudi Arabia. The initiatives are the systemic implementation of standardized pediatrics formulation using management project tools of starting new idea until finding in the ground.
Cambios de uso de la tierra y su impacto en el ciclo hidrológico en la Cuenca del río Ñacunday (Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná)
Authors: Wehrle Martínez Andrés
Published: October 2018

El objetivo principal fue estudiar las respuestas en bajas frecuencias que podrían generarse de la relación entre la precipitación, evapotranspiración y escorrentía, como consecuencia de los cambios en el uso del suelo de la cuenca del río Ñacunday. Para realizar el análisis del efecto de estos cambios en el uso del suelo en el balance hídrico, se aplicó el método de Análisis Espectral Singular a las series históricas de Precipitaciones (P), caudales (Q) y Evapotranspiración (ET).Se utilizaron sensores remotos para determinar la perdida del Bosque Atlántico del alto Paraná en la cuenca donde se encontró que las mayores perdidas de cobertura boscosa se dieron en la década del 80 con una disminución del 46,6% de los bosques y en la década del 90 la perdida fue de 24,8%.

Coincidentemente en el periodo 1980-2000, se registraron aumentos de Q de hasta un 50%, siendo que la P fue causal de solo un 20% de los aumentos de Q. La ET determinada a partir del balance hídrico también reflejó la deforestación.
Ruteo de vehículos multi-objetivo en dos niveles para logística urbana inteligente
Authors: Eitzen Haiko , López-Pires Fabio , Barán Benjamín , Sandoya Fernando , Chicaiza Jorge Luis , Suárez Núñez Carlos
Published: October 2018

Las actuales tendencias de urbanización y economías crecientes conllevan aumentos en la congestión de tráfico, por lo que los gobiernos municipales se ven obligados a recurrir a nuevas estrategias para enfrentar tales desafíos. La distribución multi-nivel es una estrategia ya conocida y empleada por empresas, donde la formulación clásica del Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos en Dos Niveles (2E-VRP, por sus siglas en inglés) refleja la perspectiva de un único proveedor, sin considerar las decisiones de ruteo de terceros. La falta de coordinación entre proveedores ejecutando sus planificaciones individuales y, consecuentemente, la falta de un enfoque holístico al tráfico urbano puede causar más problemas. En este artículo se presenta una formulación multi-objetivo del 2E-VRP multi-proveedor con flotas heterogéneas de vehículos desde la perspectiva del gobierno municipal en el contexto del Movimiento de Bienes Urbanos. Adicionalmente, se presenta un Algoritmo Evolutivo Multi-Objetivo para la resolución del problema propuesto con validaciones experimentales de la calidad de soluciones obtenidas
Detection of Hepatitis B Genotypes in HBsAg & HBeAg Carriers
Authors: Khan Salman , Madan Molly
Published: October 2018

Objective:- Hepatitis B is noteworthy medical issues that may include the late continuation of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed for the detection and diffrentiation of Hepatitis B virus HBsAg inactive non-replicative carriers, HBeAg-positive inactive replicative carriers, active carriers & HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B by Real Time PCR and their genotyping

Methods: This research conducted on 245 positive for HBsAg, 118 (48.16 %) were male and 127 (51.84%) were female patients, which was performed in central research station labortory of Microbiology at netaji subhash Chandra Bose subharti Medical College and Hospital, Meerut Between march 2016 to November 2017 The sera were separated and screened for HBsAg by ELISA kit. Positive samples for HBsAg were tested for HBeAg ELISA kit and DNA Viral load then sequenced for genotying

Results:. Of the 245 HBsAg Positive case 55 (1.12%) were HBeAg positive. In 16 PCR positive and HBV genotyping, In HBsAg inactive Non-Replicative 37.5% (n=6) genotype-B and 6.25% (n=1) genotype-A, In HBeAg inactive Replicative 12.5% (n=2) genotype-B and 12.5% (n=2) genotype-A and In HBeAg Active Chronic Hepatitis B 18.75% (n=3) genotype-B and 12.5% (n=2) genotype-A were detected

Conclusions: Management strategy, using HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA viral load, seems adequate for the confirmation and diffrentiation of Hepatitis B virus inactive, active carriers & HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients and genotype B was more prevalent in comparission to genotype A. Distribution of carriers & genotypes, help physicians to prescribe proper antiviral/interferon therapy according to current genotyping pattern in this region

Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Carrier State, HBsAg, HBeAg, RT-PCR
Teachers' Mental Health: Protective Factors
Authors: Menghi María Soledad
Published: October 2018

At present, the psychophysical health of educators is an issue that has taken on increased importance, especially the phenomenon of chronic work stress, as it directly affects the effectiveness of their work. Hence the importance of detecting what factors can prevent this chronic exhaustion in the educational field. This research aimed at answering this question from an empirical perspective. To this end, a sample of 300 early education and primary school teachers from both public and private institutions of the Argentina was used. Maslach and Jackson's Burnout Inventory (MBI) was implemented to determine the level of chronic stress. In order to assess two psychosocial resources of great relevance in the context of work, the Albert Bandura's Teaching Self-efficacy Scale and the Job Satisfaction Scale for educators were used. Overall, the perceptions of teacher self-efficacy and of job satisfaction are considered psychological resources that would act as modulators of chronic stress in the workplace, noticing moderate and high values in the resources, but low levels of burnout symptoms in the teacher sample evaluated.
Analysis of Hydraulic Properties of Indian Forest Soil
Authors: Prasanna Shwetha
Published: October 2018

Soils are a product of the factors of formation and continuously change over the earth's surface. The analysis of the spatial variability of soil properties is important for land management and construction of an ecological environment. Soils are characterized by high degree of spatial variability due to the combined effect of physical, chemical or biological processes that operate with different intensities and at different scales. The spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties helps us to find the subsurface flux of water. The most frequently used hydraulic properties are soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Both these hydraulic properties exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of hydraulic properties of forest soils of Pavanje river basin. Correlation analysis technique has been used to analyze various soil properties. Spatial variability of the forested hillslope soils at different depths varied considerably among the soil hydraulic properties. The spatial variability of water retention at all the different pressure head is low at the top layers, and increases towards the bottom layers. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is almost same in the top layers, but more in the bottom layers of forest soil.
Numerical Study on the Impact of Revising the Rainstorm Intensity Formula on the Storm Flood Disaster Prediction in Huinan, Pudong District
Authors: HUANG Jing
Published: October 2018

The numerical model by MIKE FLOOD software has been set up with coupled the rainfall runoff sub-model and underground network sub-model by MIKE URBAN software and the overland flow sub-model by MIKE 21 software to simulate the storm flood in Huinan, Pudong District. After the calibration and validation, the model is applied to study the impact of revising the rainstorm intensity formula on the local storm flood disaster prediction. And the conclusions are obtained: after the formula revised, the time to appear the maximum waterlogging area would be delayed, and the local storm flood disaster would worsen under the current drainage pipe networks, i.e., the overland flood range and its depth would slightly increase.
Three-dimensional engineering-geological model of the soil massif: the case study of the base of a hydrotechnical building
Authors: Ren Zhanghao
Published: October 2018

In the process of engineering and geological surveys, three-dimensional engineering-geological modeling makes it possible to perform a comprehensive assessment of the state of the territory for making sound-design decisions on the placement of construction sites and their structures. Secondly, a logical conclusion of a detailed study of engineering-geological and geotechnical conditions, which is implemented to use three-dimensional modeling, is a well-grounded design with a reasonable margin of safety, which causes a reduction in the total cost of the erected or reconstructed structure. Thirdly, in comparison with traditional engineering-geological two-dimensional models (cuts, maps, etc.), three-dimensional models give more information. This is especially important, when we think about the scale of the hydraulic structures. According to archival materials, it can be noted that there are many spatial geological heterogeneities in this territory, and the engineering-geological conditions turned out to be complex. Taking into account the advantages of three-dimensional modeling, the creation of a three-dimensional model of a dispersed soil massif is an actual task for solving complex engineering-geological problems. The article analyzes a three-dimensional engineering-geological model of the soil massif under a hydrotechnical building in the Moscow region, and then calculates its stress-strain state and the coefficient of stability of the sides of the ditch.
Comparison of Russian, Chinese and European seismic design on pseudo-static seismic coefficient in slope analysis
Authors: Kang K. , Zerkal O.V. , Liu J. , Huang S. , Tao D.
Published: October 2018

Most design codes and specifications recommend a simple pseudo-static approach for the analysis of slope stability under seismic conditions. The codes in different countries appoint different pseudo-static seismic coefficient. The present work list different seismic coefficients in Russian, Chinese and European codes. A sensitivity analysis of a case slope was carried out using GeoStudio, then determined that the stability of the slope is more sensitive to material cohesion and seismic coefficient than material density and friction angle. It‘s shown that the chosen of the seismic coefficient has a big effect on slope stability.
Master Plan Preparation for Arakkonam Town using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: R Shyam Sundar Raj , Rajiah Murugasan , Chinnappa Venkatesan
Published: October 2018

The main objective of this paper is to prepare a master plan for Arakkonam town in India. The study illustrates the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multicriteria evaluation (MCE) technique for the selection of suitable sites in the study area for urban development. Google Earth and Toposheet were used to generate various thematic layers using ArcGIS software. Soil, geology, geomorphology, groundwater, rail network, road network and land use/land cover layers were integrated and weighted overlay analysis was performed to arrive at the final site suitability map. The master plan was prepared by projecting the population for next 20 years by Geometric Growth Method for the study area and planning zones such as Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Educational and Recreational were delineated as per Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) guidelines.
Anhydrous Cooling Mode Applied in External cooling Equipment of HVDC Converter
Authors: WEN Yu-liang , WANG Guang-wu , LU Zhi-min , CHEN Jian-ye
Published: October 2018

Anhydrous Cooling Mode is that it consumes little water in the operation process. This paper made some investigates in the external cooling equipment which is currently applied in the HVDC converter substation. There are some anhydrous cooling modes in the HVDC converter substation. A case of anhydrous cooling mode which air cooler series with the water chiller applied in the long distance natural gas pipeline pressurization was introduced. It is recommended that the cooling system composed of air cooler in series with chilling water will be preferentially chosen as an anhydrous cooling mode applied in the HVDC converter external cooling equipment.
Conference report: Word-Formation Theories III & Typology and Universals in "Word-Formation IV", June 27–30, 2018; Košice, Slovakia
Authors: Kalafus Antoniová Vesna
Published: October 2018

Department of British and American Studies in cooperation with SKASE (The Slovak Association for the Study of English) organized the Word-Formation Theories III & Typology and Universals in Word-Formation IV Conference. The Conference took place at P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia, from 27 June to 30 June 2018. The event was organized by Slávka Tomaščíková, Lívia Körtvélyessy and Pavol Štekauer (P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia) and with the support of the APVV project No: APVV-16–0035 Research into extralinguistic factors of word-formation and word-interpretation. The program and the book of abstracts are available at the conference homepage http://kaa.ff.upjs.sk/en/alumni-club/33/word-formation-theories-iii-typology-and-universals-in-word-formation-iv.
 
Dieser Beitrag ist ursprünglich im Peter-Lang-Verlag erschienen (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/plg/jwf/2018/00000002/00000002/art00004)
"Die kneg van Jahwe" in Deuterojesaja
Authors: Oberholzer J.P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die bybels reformatoriese teologie en die begrip volk en Nasionalisme
Authors: Koekemoer J.H.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die reformatore en die sending
Authors: Du Plessis J.G.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Hoofprobleme van die filosofie en die teologie van die geskiedenis
Authors: Dreyer P.S.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die prediking en die mens
Authors: Zwarts A.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die gesprek met die bejaarde
Authors: Prins S.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Incorporating Self Efficacy and Subjective Norms into the Integrated TAM/TTF to Evaluate Drivers of Corporate Career Portals and Users' Performance
Authors: Abbabneh Hayel , Aleassa Hasan
Published: October 2018

The goal of this research is to understand how recruiters perceive the fit between the characteristics of electronic job marketplaces and their needs, and how that fit influences the use of corporate career portals and expected performance. This paper contributes in providing considerable attention of technological, individual and social factors; thus, it integrates TAM and TTF and incorporates subjective norms and computer self-efficacy into the integrated model. This unique model is developed to interpret recruiters' attitudes towards its actual use, and consequently to understand the expected performance. A total of 145 valid responses collected from HR practitioners at Jordanian banks were statistically analysed. Results showed a good fit between the model’s technological attributes and the task of recruiting. Thus, the results indicated that the proposed model could be used to predict the users' intention toward corporate career portal. The Actual use of corporate career portals was directly affected by perceived usefulness and subjective norms, while there was no effect of perceived ease of use on actual use. Indirectly, fit of technology characteristics to task requirements, and computer self-efficacy have a significant effect on actual use and ultimately on users' performance.
A Journey From Abandonment to Awakening of Jewishness in the Fixer
Authors: Xiang Fang
Published: October 2018

Jewish identity, carrying the historical significance and sense of mission of Jewish people, is rather serious and contradictory to Jews. This thesis tries to analyse Yakov’s journey from his abandonment of Jewish identity to his awakening of Jewishness and his spiritual growth, from his pursuit of exterior freedom to the freedom of all Jews through his suffering in prison and his fighting against those anti-semitic.
The complex phenomenological model for prediction of inhomogeneous deformations of railway ballast layer after tamping works
Authors: Sysyn Mykola , Gerber Ulf , Kovalchuk Vitalii , Nabochenko Olga
Published: October 2018

The given article considers the method of calculating the track geometry deformation with respect to uneven accumulation of residual deformations along the track. The technique proposes two significant changes in existing approaches to calculating the efficiency of the ballast layer. The transition from the approach of allowable stresses design in the ballast layer to the deformative approach of accumulations of track geometry deformations allows us to draw conclusions regarding the intervals of track tamping and the duration of ballast layer life cycle. The transition from the determinative to probabilistic approaches makes it possible to draw conclusions not only from the average unevenness, but also with regard to all possible facts of unevenness. The method is based on the mechanism of sudden and gradual deformations occurrence, which depends on a number of key factors: dynamic stresses on the ballast, non-uniformity of track elasticity, performance of current maintenance work. Based on the experimental studies results, the dependencies of sudden deformations and the intensity of gradual deformations on the level of stress on the ballast layer were established. The experimental results of the influence of the sub-ballast base elasticity on the intensity of accumulation of residual deformations are shown. On the basis of the developed method, the prediction of track geometry deterioration for a given structure of the track, the rolling stock and the permissible level of geometric deviations for track maintenance is presented.
Pathogenesis of Polyglutamine Diseases
Authors: Sahashi Kentaro , Katsuno Masahisa
Published: October 2018

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by expansions in the distinct genes harbouring a (cytosine‐adenine‐guanine) CAG‐trinucleotide repeat, which is translated into an expanded polyQ tract within the encoded protein. This induces toxic protein aggregates, which eventually causes neurodegeneration and the spreading of pathology. Nine polyQ diseases have been reported so far; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, the first identified polyQ disease in 1991, followed by Huntington disease, dentatorubral–pallidoluysian atrophy and six types of spinocerebellar ataxia. PolyQ diseases elicit common phenotypes of late‐onset, progressive neurodegeneration and the presence of intracellular aggregates, especially in the affected neurons. In addition, toxic roles of expanded repeat‐containing RNAs are implicated as the additional mechanisms of polyQ diseases. Nearly 30 years since the discovery of expanded CAG repeats as a cause of neurodegeneration, the mechanism of vulnerability of specific neuronal populations still remains an enigma.

Key Concepts

Polyglutamine diseases are late‐onset, inherited neurodegenerative disorders, caused by expansions of a CAG‐trinucleotide repeat encoding glutamine in nine distinct genes.

CAG expansions confer a gain‐of‐function toxicity, occasionally with a concomitant loss or augmentation of function of a native protein.

The repeat length of polymorphic CAG trinucleotides is correlated with disease severity and age of onset.

Despite the ubiquitous expression of the mutated genes, CAG‐expansion mutations cause dysfunction and degeneration in specific neuronal subpopulations and present a great diversity of clinical disease manifestations.

Toxic repeat‐expanded RNAs and transneuronal propagation of pathogenic proteins would also play a role in the specific pathogenesis of polyglutamine diseases.
Moral Enhancement – And the Opposite: Making People More or Less Moral
Authors: Dubljević Veljko , Ranisch Robert
Published: October 2018

‘Moral enhancement’ refers to the possibility of using biomedical means for making individuals morally better in practice. It has generated a heated debate, especially in terms of the strategies for enhancement, the means that provide the desired enhancement effects and the populations that are supposed to be enhanced. It is important to note the history of moral enhancement, reasons that have been given in the recent discussions for engaging in moral enhancement and possible targets of intervention (cognition, volition or effect). There is some evidence that suggests that psychopharmacological (Oxytocin and stimulant drugs), electromagnetic (noninvasive brain stimulation) and genetic means (selective reproduction and direct genome editing) could be used for such a purpose. However, no safe and effective means of moral enhancement are available at this time.

Key Concepts

Moral enhancement refers to the (speculative) possibility of using biomedical means for making individuals morally better.

Bioliberals typically emphasise the importance of morphological and reproductive freedom in a liberal state.

Transhumanists do not merely want to enhance humanity but overcome the limits of humankind and guide evolution towards a ‘posthuman’ age.

Moral malleability refers to the idea that moral cognition is amenable to pharmacological, electromagnetic and possibly even genetic interventions.

Psychopathic individuals have impaired capacity for empathy, guilt and remorse, and consequently commit a disproportionate amount of immoral acts, thus they are considered the key population in need of moral enhancement.
Habenula
Authors: Mathis Victor , Kenny Paul J
Published: October 2018

The habenula is a diencephalic brain region that has attracted growing interest over the past decade because of its role in reward‐related behaviours and potential involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders in which reward processes are perturbed. The habenula exerts remarkable control over major dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems and has been implicated in a plethora of complex behavioural processes. It has been hypothesised that the habenula integrates information regarding rewarding and aversive stimuli and participates in the selection of behavioural strategies to maximise rewarding outcomes. Habenular activity is highly responsive to drugs of abuse and alterations in its activity may contribute to the negative emotional states during periods of drug abstinence that may precipitate the emergence of compulsive drug seeking behaviours. Thus, the habenula appears today as a hot topic in the neuroscience field in regard to its proper role such as to its potential implication in several pathologies like addiction.

Key Concepts

The habenula is a well‐conserved structure, divided in a medial and a lateral part, controlling the monoaminergic centres of the brain.

The medial and the lateral habenula, even if they belong to a same complex (the habenular complex or habenula), present important differences in term of connectivity and neurochemical markers.

The habenula location allows it to convey information from the telencephalon to the midbrain regions, regarding the rewarding properties such as the emotional aspect of a situation.

It is now well described that drug of abuse, such as nicotine and cocaine, induce important alterations of the medial and lateral habenula activity respectively.

Drug‐induced alteration of the habenular nuclei may lead to severe negative states and participate to withdrawal symptoms, such as depression.
Floral Mimicry
Authors: Goodrich Katherine R
Published: October 2018

Mimicry involves an organism copying the phenotype of a model so that another organism (operator) mistakes the mimic for the model. Mistaking mimic for model, the operator behaves in a way that benefits the mimic. In floral mimicry, the mimic is a flower that dupes the operator into acting as pollinator. The model, sought by the operator and mimicked by the flower, can be anything from a rewarding flower, to a sexually receptive female insect, to a pile of dung. Floral mimicry is found in many angiosperm families, most commonly in orchids. Pollination strategies involving mimicry allow us to address questions about how natural selection might favour transitions from rewarding to nonrewarding (deceptive) flowers, and in some scenarios, transitions from ‘traditional’ floral phenotypes to elaborate floral phenotypes mimicking animals, fungi or microbial decomposition of different substrates. These scenarios also allow us to address questions about pollinator sensory perception, learning and behaviour.

Key Concepts

Pollination strategies involving floral mimicry provide fascinating systems by which to study ecology and evolution.

Both Batesian and Müllerian mimicry are used as pollination strategies.

In Batesian floral mimicry, a nonrewarding flower may mimic a rewarding flower or a nonfloral resource such as carrion or dung.

There is currently some disagreement over definitions, classifications and expectations of mimicry in natural systems including pollination ecology.

When investigating potential mimicry in pollination, it is important to identify an ecologically relevant model and to understand the behavioural motivation of the operator (pollinator).
Protein production is an early biomarker for RNA‐targeted therapies
Authors: Self Wade K. , Schoch Kathleen M. , Alex Jacob , Barthélemy Nicolas , Bollinger James G. , Sato Chihiro , Cole Tracy , Kordasiewicz Holly B. , Swayze Eric , Bateman Randall J. , Miller Timothy M.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Clinical trials for progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis have been hindered due to the absence of effective pharmacodynamics markers to assay target engagement. We tested whether measurements of new protein production would be a viable pharmacodynamics tool for RNA‐targeted therapies.

Methods

Transgenic animal models expressing human proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disorders – microtubule‐associated protein tau (hTau) or superoxide dismutase‐1 (hSOD1) – were treated with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) delivered to the central nervous system to target these human mRNA transcripts. Simultaneously, animals were administered 13C6‐leucine via drinking water to measure new protein synthesis after ASO treatment. Measures of new protein synthesis and protein concentration were assayed at designated time points after ASO treatment using targeted proteomics.

Results

ASO treatment lowered hTau mRNA and protein production (measured by 13C6‐leucine‐labeled hTau protein) earlier than total hTau protein concentration in transgenic mouse cortex. In the CSF of hSOD1 transgenic rats, ASO treatment lowered newly generated hSOD1 protein driven by decreases in newly synthesized hSOD1 protein, not overall protein concentration, 30 days after treatment. At later time points, decreases in newly generated protein were still observed after mRNA lowering reached a steady state after ASO treatment.

Interpretation

Measures of newly generated protein show earlier pharmacodynamics changes for RNA‐lowering therapeutics compared with total protein concentration. Early in ASO treatment, decreases in newly generated protein are driven by changes in newly synthesized protein. Measuring new protein production in CSF may be a promising early pharmacodynamics marker for RNA‐targeted therapeutics.
Ultrathin 2D Cobalt Zeolite‐Imidazole Framework Nanosheets for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Masa Justus , Morales Dulce M. , Tomanec Ondrej , Ranc Vaclav , Petr Martin , Wilde Patrick , Chen Yen‐Ting , Zboril Radek , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Fischer Roland A.
Published: October 2018

2D layered materials, including metal‐di‐chalcogenides and transition metal layered double hydroxides, among others, are intensively studied because of new properties that emerge from their 2D confinement, which are attractive for advanced applications. Herein, 2D cobalt ion (Co2+) and benzimidazole (bIm) based zeolite‐imidazole framework nanosheets, ZIF‐9(III), are reported as exceptionally efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Specifically, liquid‐phase ultrasonication is applied to exfoliate a [Co4(bIm)16] zeolite‐imidazole framework (ZIF), named as ZIF‐9(III) phase, into nanoscale sheets. ZIF‐9(III) is selectively prepared through simple mechanical grinding of cobalt nitrate and benzimidazole in the presence of a small amount of ethanol. The resultant exfoliated nanosheets exhibit significantly higher OER activity in alkaline conditions than the corresponding bulk phases ZIF‐9 and ZIF‐9(III). The electrochemical and physicochemical characterization data support the assignment of the OER activity of the exfoliated nanosheet derived material to nitrogen coordinated cobalt oxyhydroxide N4CoOOH sites, following a mechanism known for Co‐porphyrin and related systems. Thus, exfoliated 2D nanosheets hold promise as potential alternatives to commercial noble metal electrocatalysts for the OER.
Less Sacrifice, More Insight: Repeated Low‐Volume Sampling of Microbioreactor Cultivations Enables Accelerated Deep Phenotyping of Microbial Strain Libraries
Authors: Hemmerich Johannes , Tenhaef Niklas , Steffens Carmen , Kappelmann Jannick , Weiske Marc , Reich Sebastian J. , Wiechert Wolfgang , Oldiges Marco , Noack Stephan
Published: October 2018

With modern genetic engineering tools, high number of potentially improved production strains can be created in a short time. This results in a bottleneck in the succeeding step of bioprocess development, which can be handled by accelerating quantitative microbial phenotyping. Miniaturization and automation are key technologies to achieve this goal. In this study, a novel workflow for repeated low‐volume sampling of BioLector‐based cultivation setups is presented. Six samples of 20 μL each can be taken automatically from shaken 48‐well microtiter plates without disturbing cell population growth. The volume is sufficient for quantification of substrate and product concentrations by spectrophotometric‐based enzyme assays. From transient concentration data and replicate cultures, valid performance indicators (titers, rates, yields) are determined through process modeling and random error propagation analysis. Practical relevance of the workflow is demonstrated with a set of five genome‐reduced Corynebacterium glutamicum strains that are engineered for Sec‐mediated heterologous cutinase secretion. Quantitative phenotyping of this strain library led to the identification of a strain with a 1.6‐fold increase in cutinase yield. The prophage‐free strain carries combinatorial deletions of three gene clusters (Δ3102‐3111, Δ3263‐3301, and Δ3324‐3345) of which the last two likely contain novel target genes to foster rational engineering of heterologous cutinase secretion in C. glutamicum.
Environmental enrichment has minimal effects on behavior in the Shank3 complete knockout model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hulbert Samuel W. , Bey Alexandra L. , Jiang Yong‐hui
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Several studies have supported the use of enriched environments to prevent the manifestation of ASD‐like phenotypes in laboratory rodents. While the translational value of such experiments is unknown, the findings have been relatively consistent across many different models.

Methods

In the current study, we tested the effects of early environmental enrichment on a mouse model of ASD with high construct validity, the Shank3 ∆e4–22 mice our laboratory previously generated and characterized.

Results

Contrary to previous reports, we found no benefits of enriched rearing, including no change in repetitive self‐grooming or hole‐board exploration. Instead, we found that early environmental enrichment increased anxiety‐like behavior in all mice regardless of genotype and decreased motor performance specifically in wild‐type mice.

Conclusions

Although using a different enrichment protocol may have rescued the phenotypes in our mouse model, these results suggest that a “one‐size fits all” approach may not be the best when it comes to behavioral intervention for ASD and underscores the need for effective pharmaceutical development in certain genetic syndromes with severe symptom presentation.
Clinical Anatomy of the Ligament of the Head of Femur
Authors: Perumal Vivek , Techataweewan Nawaporn , Woodley Stephanie J. , Nicholson Helen D.
Published: October 2018

The ligament of the head of femur (LHF) has gained clinical attention recently and is reported to contribute to hip stability. This study explores its morphology and morphometry, information that may help inform surgical decision making. Gross anatomical dissections were undertaken on 229 embalmed hips from European (n = 105) and Thai (n = 124) adult cadavers to examine LHF anatomy. Ligament morphometry was statistically compared at different sites, between sexes and sides. The origin of ligamental arteries and absence of the ligament were documented. The LHF was pyramidal or quadrangular in shape. Sub‐synovial fibrous bands originated from the transverse acetabular ligament, edges of the acetabular notch, and acetabular floor; less frequently from the hip joint capsule. Distally, the ligament flattened and converged onto the fovea capitis. The ligament was 22.3 ± 4.4 mm long and was significantly wider (P = 0.001) and thicker (P = 0.0003) at the fovea, compared to its mid‐zone. Branches of the obturator artery entered the acetabular foramen inferomedially and penetrated the middle third of the LHF. Blood vessels ran within the LHF and appeared to enter the fovea. The ligament was absent in 2.8% of Thai hips and there were no significant sex or side differences in ligament dimensions. The morphology of the LHF is complex. While individual variation was apparent, blood vessels were seen in the distal ligament. Precise information on LHF morphometry and attachment sites will help inform appropriate graft dimensions and choice of fixation sites necessary for ligament reconstruction. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐Voltage Supercapacitors Based on Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Zang Xining , Shen Caiwei , Sanghadasa Mohan , Lin Liwei
Published: October 2018

Supercapacitors with high power density and life cycles are an important family of power supplies among energy storage systems. The operating voltage window of a supercapacitor is determined by both the chemistry of electrode materials and the electrochemical kinetics of electrolytes while the water hydrolysis potential of 1.23 V is the typical limit for capacitors based on aqueous electrolytes. Here, we briefly outline the working mechanism of electrochemical supercapacitors, including electron double layer capacitors (EDLC) and pseudo‐capacitors, and investigate the limitations of their working voltages. The principles and examples of different designs of electrodes and electrolytes for high‐voltage supercapacitors beyond the hydrolysis limit are discussed, such as asymmetric electrodes, high concentration electrolytes, and electrolytes with different pH values. Insights into high voltage capacitor cells and future prospects are provided for the development of electrochemical energy storage systems.
The impact of rapid on‐site evaluation on thyroid fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: A 2‐year cancer center institutional experience
Authors: Pastorello Ricardo G. , Destefani Camila , Pinto Pedro H. , Credidio Caroline H. , Reis Rafael X. , Rodrigues Thiago de A. , Toledo Maryane C. de , De Brot Louise , Costa Felipe de A. , do Nascimento Antonio G. , Pinto Clóvis A. L. , Saieg Mauro A.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

The impact of rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) on thyroid aspirates has been a matter of extensive debate. In the current study, the authors reviewed all thyroid fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) performed in their service in recent years to evaluate the impact of ROSE on final adequacy and diagnostic rates.

METHODS

All ultrasound‐guided FNABs of the thyroid performed between July 2015 and July 2017 were included retrospectively. ROSE was performed by experienced cytopathologists, with production of Romanowsky‐stained slides for immediate evaluation. When ROSE was not performed, a total of 3 needle passes were performed as the default. Final specimen adequacy and the risk of malignancy (ROM) of each The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category were calculated in the 2 groups (ROSE and non‐ROSE) and compared using the chi‐square test.

RESULTS

An initial search obtained 4649 cytology specimens, 3469 of which (74.6%) underwent ROSE and 1180 of which (25.4%) did not. Patients were predominantly female (85.4%), with a mean age of 53 years. Specimen adequacy was found to be significantly higher in the ROSE group (93.4% vs 69.4%; P<.0001), with a mean number of needle passes necessary for an adequate diagnosis of 1.48 ± 0.71 (median, 1.0 needle passes; range, 1‐5 needle passes). No statistical difference was observed with regard to the ROM for each TBSRTC category when the 2 groups (ROSE and non‐ROSE) were compared.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study data support ROSE as a valuable technique in thyroid FNAB. It was proven to significantly improve specimen adequacy with a decreased mean number of needle passes necessary to achieve an adequate cytological diagnosis and no impact on the ROM for any TBSRTC category.
A general method to stabilize unstable periodic orbits for switched dynamical systems with a periodically moving threshold
Authors: Miino Yuu , Ito Daisuke , Asahara Hiroyuki , Kousaka Takuji , Ueta Tetsushi
Published: October 2018

In the previous study, a method to control chaos for switched dynamical systems with constant threshold value has been proposed. In this paper, we extend this method to the systems including a periodically moving threshold. The main control scheme is based on the pole placement; then, a small control perturbation added to the moving threshold value can stabilize an unstable periodic orbit embedded within a chaotic attractor. For an arbitrary periodic function of the threshold movement, we mathematically derive the variational equations, the state feedback parameters, and a control gain by composing a suitable Poincaré map. As examples, we illustrate control implementations for systems with thresholds whose movement waveforms are sinusoidal and sawtooth‐shape, and unstable one and two periodic orbits in each circuit are stabilized in numerical and circuit experiments. In these experiments, we confirm enough convergence of the control input.
Lessons from Drosophila Pointed, an ETS family transcription factor and key nuclear effector of the RTK signaling pathway
Authors: Vivekanand Pavithra
Published: October 2018

The ETS family of transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved throughout the metazoan lineage and are critical for regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and migration. All members have an ETS DNA binding domain, while a subset also has a protein–protein interaction domain called the SAM domain. Pointed (Pnt), an ETS transcriptional activator functions downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway to regulate diverse processes during the development of Drosophila. This review highlights the indispensable role that Pnt plays in regulating normal development and how continued investigation into its function and regulation will provide key mechanistic insight into understanding why the de‐regulation of its vertebrate orthologs, ETS1 and ETS2 results in cancer.
An operator theoretic approach to infinite‐dimensional control systems
Authors: Jacob Birgit , Zwart Hans
Published: October 2018

In this survey we use an operator theoretic approach to infinite‐dimensional systems theory. As this research field is quite rich, we restrict ourselves to the class of infinite‐dimensional linear port‐Hamiltonian systems and we will focus on topics such as well‐posedness, stability and stabilizability. We combine the abstract operator theoretic approach with the more physical approach based on Hamiltonians. This enables us to derive easy verifiable conditions for well‐posedness and stability.