bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAME MOBILE ANDROID PEMBELAJARAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA
Authors: Retnowati Nurcahyani Dewi , Al-Afiah Yanti Alif
Published: May 2021

Knowing and understanding Pancasila as the basic of the state is mandatory for all Indonesian people, especially for children in the life of nation and state in order to maintain unity and unity of the Republic of Indonesia. Pancasila learning can be applied through games that will introduce and provide understanding for elementary school. Introduction and understanding of Pancasila values for elementary school in the form of android-based educational game using game maker studio software that support in making educational game. The results of the study show that the Educational Game has become a new alternative in learning as well as playing media. The results of testing on the android platform indicate that this game can be installed on several android platforms ranging from KitKat, Lollipop, Marshmallow, and Oreo. In using the game also shows good performance on each button. This game has been through several stages of design and testing and the results of questionnaires from 50 respondents indicate the level of feasibility of Educational Games to be used with a percentage of 86.28% which means that most users consider this game interesting and can play and understand Education Games.
Silifke’de Sosyo Ekonomik ve Kentsel Gelişme (16. Yüzyıldan 19. Yüzyıla)
Authors: YALÇIN Ayhan
Published: May 2021

Silifke, 12. ve 13. yüzyıllarda yaşanan siyasi kargaşalarla büyük ölçüde kale yerleşimi haline geldi. 16. yüzyılda Osmanlı egemenliğinde İçel sancağı merkezi olmasıyla birlikte kale yanında aşağı ovada da antik şehir harabeleri üzerinde yeniden küçük bir köy boyutunda yerleşim canlandı. Kıbrıs’ın fethedilmesi sürecinde ve özellikle fetih sonrasında Silifke’ye çok miktarda insan gelip gitmeye başladı. Artan nüfus ve insan trafiği ve sancak merkezi haline gelmesi ile Silifke, kasabaya dönüşmeye başladı. 17. yüzyılda aşağı yerleşim büyük sayılabilecek bir Osmanlı kasabasına dönüşürken yaşanan Celâli isyanları ve 18. yüzyılda âyan isyanları sonrasında yeniden küçülüp köye dönüştü. 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında nüfusu, ekonomik faaliyetlerinin karakteri bakımından köy niteliğini sürdürdü. Tanzimat reformları ve İmparatorluğun dış dünyayla artan ticari ilişkileri bağlamında sahil yerleşimi ve iç bölgelerle ikincil düzeyde de olsa ulaşım kavşağı olması sayesinde büyük ölçüde değişime uğradı. 1870 ve sonrasında İçel sancağı yeniden yönetim merkezi hâline geldi. 19. yüzyıl sonlarında, çevredeki diğer kasabalara göre kentleşme, kamu yatırımları, ticaret ve ticarileşen tarım gibi alanlarda farklılaştı. Bu bağlamda, Konya-Silifke ve Mersin-Silifke arasında şose yollar, köprüler inşa edildi. Yönetimdeki değişiklik, kentleşen Silifke’de yeni ve büyük kamu binaları, çeşmeler, ibadethaneler yapıldı. Konya’dan başlayarak Silifke’ye nakledilen tarım, hayvancılık ürünleri ağırlıklı ihracat ve yarı mamul, mamul nitelikli ithalat gelişti. Sonuçta, 19. yüzyılın son yıllarında kentli karakterli bir nüfus meydana gelmeye başladı. Kentli yaşamın bir sonucu olarak çok katlı, çok odalı ve kiremit çatılı konak tipi yapılar inşa edildi. Ancak, yine 19. yüzyıl sonlarında Adana-Mersin tren yolunun açılması Silifke’nin büyümesi ve gelişmesini durdurdu. Silifke 20. yüzyıla girerken gerilemeye bile başladı. Bu çalışma ile Osmanlı idaresine geçiş sürecinde Silifke’nin idari, iktisadi, kentsel manalarda hangi nedenlerle ne tür bir değişim süreci yaşadığı belgelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Silifke’nin söz konusu alanlarda yaşadığı değişim süreci, ağırlıklı olarak Osmanlı merkezi ile yerel resmî birimler arasındaki yazışmalardan oluşan belgelerle yerel resmî yayınlar (vilayet salnameleri) ve gezginlerin gözlemlerinden aktarımlarla ortaya konulmak istenmiştir.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY: SOME FEATURES
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: May 2021

Scientific research activity (SRA) in comprehensive school is not a new phenomenon. Similar actions have been paid attention at various stages of education. Changes in the quali-ty and quantity of the current stage of society development show a different situation: the pace of life increases, the “turbulence” of the surroundings is observed, globalization and so-cial and economical changes in various segments of society gain more power. At the moment, the education system in Lithuania and other countries is facing different changes. As for the reorganization of Lithuanian education system within the period of the last two decades, it seems to be an intensive and ambiguous process. Lithuania had to pose two fundamental challenges: first, to proceed from the so called “soviet” system of education the one based on national identity and experience, and second, to adapt the new system to the needs for mod-ern society fully integrating the experience of international education. The adjustment of na-tional and international components has remained the major problem of Lithuanian educa-tion system up to now. Progress in acquiring the abilities of scientific research activity closely correlates with the development of critical thinking, a choice in strategies for dealing with problems and ap-plying them in practice, the effective use of different information sources, data processing, analysis, synthesis and interpretation and proposing hypotheses and alternatives. In terms of education, an important point is that students should not only better acknowledge natural phenomena, facts and laws but also were able to align them with everyday experience and adapt to different situations. Scientific research activity creates the right conditions for a simi-lar type of integration. Moreover, this is not only theoretical or practical knowledge but also feelings and remarkable discoveries that, first of all, are very important to the child him/herself. In other words, such activity integrates and positively manifests an emotional component of a personality. It is worth mentioning that the process of scientific research ac-tivity fully discloses individual interests and abilities of students. Key words: abilities, comprehensive school, scientific research activity.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY USAGE FOR INFORMATION SEARCH
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas , Šlekienė Violeta , Ragulienė Loreta
Published: May 2021

Modern society receives a relatively big part of information using information communication devices. Information search possibilities are rapidly growing. On the other hand, the amount of information itself is expanding. One of the quickest ways of finding information is using internet search engines, e.g., “Google”, “Yahoo”, “AltaVista” and others. Their usage undoubtedly makes big influence on education. Pupils’ ability to find the necessary information is highly relevant. Thus, information search literacy is an inseparable component of general education. It is not enough only to find information, it is necessary to use it in the most effective way. Seeking to improve pupils’ information skills, it is necessary to know current position of an analysed question. The object of this research is information search using ICT. The aim of the research is to analyse how comprehensive school upper class students use ICT for information search. It has been ascertained by a research what additional information sources pupils use, where and how they get necessary literature, what information search engines and what electronic information sources they use most frequently. At least a few times per week apart from textbooks respondents use other literature as well (books, dictionaries, handbooks) for learning purposes. They use encyclopaedias very seldom or don’t use them at all. Pupils usually read books and newspapers which they have at home. They also use internet and library service; however, it is not popular to borrow books from friends or buy them. Pupils use internet daily both for leisure and learning. Girls more often than boys use internet for learning and for leisure – they use it equally. Respondents usually search information through Google search engine, less frequently – through Delfi. The other search engines and catalogues mentioned in the questionnaire are used very seldom, especially HotBot, Penki, On.lt and others. Both girls and boys, town and region pupils equally use search engines and catalogues. From electronic information sources respondents most frequently use internet encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Internet books and e magazines are read once a month on average, virtual library is scarcely used. It is absolutely not popular to use such sources as Nerandu.lt, tingiu.lt, Speros.lt.
Key words: comprehensive school, electronic information sources, ICT, information search.
THE ATTITUDES OF MAINSTREAM PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS THE STUDY SUBEJCT “THE WORLD AROUND US” AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Mačiukaitė Angelija
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present research is to examine the attitudes of students with special ed-ucational needs (SEN) towards the study subject of “The World Around Us” and educational environment. Research subjects were 370 mainstream primary school students.
Primary school students more often like than dislike the examined subject. Preferred activities during classes are a conversation, group work and games; however, even in the pre-ferred activities the students with SEN participated less often. The majority of the students like the topics about nature, plants and animals, while in the sphere of social environment they are more interested in the topics about the past and traditions, about their native land and foreign countries. The research demonstrated that provided with comprehensive and sin-cere support, students with different kinds of SEN can take an active part in the lessons and in extra activities, they are able to work next to their peers.
Key words: attitudes, students with special educational needs (SEN), study subject “The World Around Us”, educational process and environment.
THE MULTIMODAL LEARNING AS A STRATEGY FOR CHEMISTRY REPRESENTATIONS CONVERSION: THE PHENOMENON TO THE CHART
Authors: Dias de Souza Dirceu Donizetti , Moreira Maria Fernanda , Arroio Agnaldo
Published: May 2021

Go through multiple ways of representation constitutes an essential skill to recognize, understand and explain numerous phenomena on the natural sciences and simultaneously relating them to the social and technological aspects that permeate the contemporary socie-ty. This integration of meanings becomes particularly relevant when the forms of representa-tion are Cartesian systems, which add, among others, opportunities to build inferences and predictions during its production or reading. The learning that focuses the movement be-tween these multiple forms of representation is not innate and dependent on teaching strate-gies that provide and encourage this practice. Learning strategies that consider aspects that combine multimodal oral narratives, texts and numbers, visual and audiovisual language are powerful tools that are available to be inserted into instructions in chemistry classrooms. These strategies allow the teacher to establish the initial skills and their evolution through-out the process regarding the ability of students to construct graphs representing the phe-nomena studied in the conceptual and analytical perspective. In this work are presented and discussed the results of evolution in the form of representation of Cartesian graphs for high school students before and during the process of multimodal learning. At the beginning of the process the students build their charts showing only a superficial view of the subject, merely just plot the data between two axes. Throughout the process students moves from a practical copyist to an explicit vision essential to a practice in which the relationships and conceptual analytical view about the phenomenon are considered.
Key words: chemistry, graphs, multimodal learning.
EXPERIMENTS WITH EVERYDAY SUBSTANCES FOR AN INTERESTING AND PRODUCTIVE LEARNING IN CHEMISTRY
Authors: Cedere Dagnija , Logins Jazeps , Volkinsteine Jelena , Flint Alfred
Published: May 2021

A concept “Chemistry for life” developed in Germany characterises a number of the-ses generally recognised in modern didactics, from which the principle “from the simple to more difficult” and psychological laws of learning are highlighted. This concept is in par-ticular characterised by the thesis that chemistry studies should be based on student every-day notions. The foundation of chemistry studies is experimentation with everyday substanc-es.
The concept “Chemistry for life” can be successfully used for acquiring chemistry in schools in Latvia by intensifying the use of experiments with everyday substances and devel-oping student inquiry skills.
Key words: chemistry for life, chemistry learning process, everyday substances, experiments, inquiry skills.
The Mad Max Effect
Authors: Newton James
Published: May 2021

The Mad Max Effect provides an in-depth analysis of the Mad Max series, and how it began as an inventive concoction of a number of influences from a range of exploitation genres (including the biker movie, the revenge film, and the car chase cinema of the 1970s), to eventually inspiring a fresh cycle of international low budget 'road warrior' movies that appeared on home video in the 1980s.

The Mad Max Effect is the first detailed academic study of the most famous and celebrated post-apocalypse film series, and examines how a humble Australian action movie came from the cultural margins of exploitation cinema to have a profound impact on the broader media landscape.
Donna Summer's Once Upon a Time
Authors: Jeffery Alex , Veal Michael E. , Deykers Martyn , Fleming Colin , Pyzik Agata , Favreau Alyssa , Morgan Jane
Published: May 2021

Contradicting assumptions that disco albums are shallow and packed with filler, Donna Summer’s double album Once Upon A Time stands out as a piece that delivers on its promise of an immaculately crafted journey from start to finish. A new interpretation of the Cinderella story, it is set in the then contemporary world of New York disco and takes the listener on a journey from urban isolation and deep despair to joy and vindication, all filtered through the mind of its naïve and fantasy-prone protagonist.

As well as charting the production of the album within the legendary Munich Machine in Germany, this book digs deep into the album’s rich themes and subtexts. Approaching the book from inventive angles, the four essays within the book act as a prism connecting the reader to the classical aspirations of Eurodisco, the history of the black fairy tale and a queer knowledge that reads Summer’s Cinderella tale in some surprising ways.
“Effect of Yoga on Memory and Problem Solving Ability of University Players”
Authors:   Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India., Laxmi Vijay
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of 4 week interuniversity Yoga Camp on the psychological profile of selected Haryana University Yoga players i.e. Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, and Maharishi Dayanand University. The subjects chosen for the study were 100 University Yoga players (male-50,female-50) attending Inter university Yoga camp between the age range of 20-25 years. The single group pre and post design was used for data collection. The memory of the participants was measured by PGI memory scale of players developed by N.N. Wig and problem solving ability of the players was measured by using Problem Solving Ability Test ( PSAT- d) developed by L.N.Dubey . The memory and problem solving ability of the player was measured before and after 4 weeks. The result of the study revealed that there is a significant difference found between pre and post yoga camp in University players (p=0.001) on memory and problem solving ability of the all selected University players.
The difference between Chirp & Click stimulation in Diagnostic Auditory Brainstem Response in assessment of hearing among age group between 1-10 years Iraqi children
Authors:   Physicians, higher diploma in medical Audiology & Speech Therapy, The Departments of Audiology & Speech therapy, Al-Jumhoori Teaching Hospital Ministry of Health, Nineveh health Directorate., Al-Mula Hamo Dr. Mohammed Saeed , Mulla Tohi Dr. Khalid Khudhur ,   Physicians, higher diploma in medical Audiology & Speech Therapy, The Departments of Audiology & Speech therapy, Al-Jumhoori Teaching Hospital Ministry of Health, Nineveh health Directorate., Jasim Alogaidi Dr. Mohammed Ahmed ,   Iraqi board in pediatrics, Al-alwiyah teaching hospital for children -Baghdad-Alrusafa health directorat, Ministry of health, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: May 2021

Background: Aim: To compare the response of human auditory brain stem evoked by clicks stimuli and chirps. Patients and Methods: A study of cross-sectional design was chosen to evaluate the objective of the study. Children between 1-10 years were enrolled from the attendants of the Dept. of Surgery and Audiology, Al-Jamhoori Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health /Nineveh health Directorate, and the outpatient clinics in al-alwiyah teaching hospital for children and done in the privet clinics of the researchers. The data collection extended over the period from 2019 January to 2020 August. A total number of 70 children involved in the study according to the parents’ complaints, full history taken and the clinical examination by otoscopy. The probable conductive problem excluded by using the Tympanometry. Moreover, free field test was done before chirp and click. Paired t-test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The males represent (44.3%) and the females (55.7%). The mean age of children included was 49 months ± 27.7 SD. Wave V of the chirp shows lower latency means in all intensities in comparison with that of click stimuli. While waves I and III, show longer latency as the intensity go down, but the differences between chirp and click are insignificant. Wave V amplitudes getting lower values as the intensity decreasing in both chirp and click and become significantly higher than that of click. Wave I and III show decreasing amplitudes with the decreasing intensity in both chirp and click, with higher amplitudes in click in comparing with that of chirp, which are insignificant statistically down to below 70 dBnHL. Conclusions: The chirp stimuli are highly significant and more efficient from the click in the detection of hearing loss among the children regarding both latency and amplitude particularly at wave V.
Morphological classification and treatment outcomes of children with AML during four years
Authors:   Pediatrics specialist, M.B.Ch.B, FIBMS Pediatrics , Specialty of general Pediatrics and neonatology, Iraqi board and subspecialty of hematology in Pediatrics Iraqi board, Pediatric central teaching hospital, Al-karch Health Directorate, Ministry of Health and environment, Baghdad, Iraq., Authman Hreeth Dr. Munaf , Nadher Kareem Dr. Ahmed ,   Pediatrics specialists, M.B.Ch.B. ,D.C.H.,C.A.B.P Consultant pediatrician, Specialty of general Pediatrics and neonatology, Iraqi board and subspecialty of hematology in Pediatrics Iraqi board, Pediatric central teaching hospital, Al-karch Health Directorate, Ministry of Health and environment, Baghdad, Iraq., Noori Rashid Dr. Sabah ,   Pediatrics specialists, M.B.Ch.B. ,D.C.H.,C.A.B.P Consultant pediatrician, Specialty of general Pediatrics and neonatology, Iraqi board and subspecialty of hematology in Pediatrics Iraqi board, Pediatric central teaching hospital, Al-karch Health Directorate, Ministry of Health and environment, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: May 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia comprises only 15% to 20% of acute leukemia in children. It remains a challenging disease with an inferior treatment outcome in comparison with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). This study aimed to document the morphological classification and treatment outcomes of children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia treated in the Child’s Central Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in Baghdad / Iraq. This retrospective study was conducted at CCTH in Baghdad, during the period from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2012 on 49 cases who were diagnosed as AML. Down syndrome (DS) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), with undifferentiated leukemia were excluded from this study. The average age of presentation was 5 years, and the median duration of symptoms was 4 weeks, with male (M): female (F) ratio = 1.13:1. It can be concluded that there was slight male predominance. The most common French-American-British (FAB) subtype was M2 38.8%. From the total number of patients who received treatment n= 38/49 (77.5%), death rate was n= 27/38 (71%), the main cause of death was infection followed by bleeding, while lost to follow-up (during any period after started treatment) was n= 6/38 (16%). Only five {n= 5/38(13%)} patients were still alive to the end of the study and those are in continuous complete remission one (CCR1). It can be concluded that AML-M2 was the most common subtype, and the overall survival was much low and seems to be unlikely to increase without good supportive care and using of more intensification therapy.
An improved fuzzy TODIM method based on entropy measure under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, India., Kumar Sunit , Kumar Satish ,   Department of Mathematics, Maharishi Markandeshwar, Mullana, Haryana, India.
Published: May 2021

Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) is one of the most extensive and important tool to accommodate more uncertainties than existing fuzzy set structures. In the present paper, we describe an improved entropy based on TODIM procedure for handling multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) under IF setting and also the weight information is partially known. First, we study the basic notions and operating laws of IFSs, also the accuracy and score function of it. The new entropy has been proposed. Secondly, the IF information-based decision-making technique for MCDM is presented. Lastly, a numerical example is given related, to demonstrate that their results are credible and feasible.
EMG based Exoskeleton for Left Hemiplegia patients
Authors:   BME Dept., Rajalakshmi engineering college, India., Nithyaa A N , Premkumar R. ,   BME Dept., Rajalakshmi engineering college, India., Gokul M ,   BME Dept., Rajalakshmi engineering college, India., Aanandhi C Geetha ,   BME Dept., Rajalakshmi engineering college, India.
Published: May 2021

Paralysis is a condition in which the muscle function is lost in a part of the body. Paralysis is mainly caused as a result of severe stroke, where in the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off. Hemiplegiais a type of paralysis which affects half of the body includes one arm and one leg on the same side of the body. The case of left Hemiplegia is taken into account, which is caused by the absence of blood supply to the righthemisphere of the brain. Stationary systems like Lokomat, used in the rehabilitation centres to assist training, provide highly repetitive action and just assistance to the patient’s capabilities while walking on a treadmill. However these systems are not portable and cannot be used for home or daily activities. To overcome this, this paper presents the rehabilitation system, which comprises of an exoskeleton that aids the movement of the left upper limb. The entire system is driven by a motor through a microcontroller system which assists patient’s flexion and extension movements. Meanwhile, EMG signal can be recorded by placing surface electrodes to know the recovery of physiological motor function.
Incendios forestales en la Sierra de Catorce y acciones locales para su combate en el ejido La Presa, Villa de Guadalupe, San Luis Potosí
Authors: Rodríguez Cárdenas Gabriela , Santacruz de León Germán
Published: May 2021

Los objetivos son identificar y analizar la presencia de incendios forestales en el período 2010-2017 en la Sierra de Catorce y las acciones locales que se realizan en el ejido La Presa durante la ocurrencia de incendios forestales. Se consultaron documentos oficiales, normas y leyes que regulan su atención. Se examinóla ocurrencia de incendios forestales en la serie histórica 2010-2017 emitida por CONAFOR y se compara con la densidad de puntos de calor. Se revisaron periódicos locales que reportaron la ocurrencia de incendios en el área de estudio y se aplicaron quince entrevistas no estructuradas a ejidatarios. Se encontró que el 74 % de los incendios en la zona estudiada fueron generados por actividades antropogénicas. Se concluye que, si bien el altiplano potosino no figura como una zona de atención especial para la prevención y combate de incendios, estos se presentan mayormente en los períodos de estiaje siendo los ejidatarios los principales actores en las prácticas locales de combate a incendios forestales.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL KELUARGA DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN KLIEN KANKER YANG MENJALANI KEMOTERAAPI DI RSPAD GATOT SOEBROTO JAKARTA PUSAT
Authors: Tobing Duma Lumban , Septyadita Hera
Published: May 2021

Kecemasan adalah sebuah perasaan emosi dari pengalaman individu secara subjektif, perasaan ketakutan tidak dapat dispesifikan secara objektif, kegelisahan yang muncul juga tidak diketahui sebabnya, perasaan itu timbul setiap permulaan baru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang hubungan dukungan sosial keluarga dengan tingkat kecemasan klien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi. Sampel purposive sampling sebanyak 30 responden. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, status pendidikan, jenis kanker dan stadium kanker memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap dukungan sosial keluarga terhadap klien kanker karena memiliki p value < 0,05.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN METODE BRAINSTORMING DAN MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DIFTERI
Authors: Azki Filly Fikriyati , Rokhaidah Rokhaidah
Published: May 2021

Difteri berakibat fatal pada 5-10% kasus, dengan angka kematian yang lebih tinggi pada anak-anak. Salah satu pencegahan difteri yaitu dengan upaya promotif melalui pendidikan kesehatan. Metode brainstorming dan media audiovisual dapat digunakan dalam pendidikan kesehatan agar lebih efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan metode brainstorming dan media audiovisual terhadap pengetahuan Ibu balita tentang pencegahan difteri. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kuasi eksperimen dengan. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji wilcoxon dengan convident interval 95% . Hasil analisis statistik didapatkan p value <0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan Ibu sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi. Pengetahuan ibu tentang difteri meningkat setelah dilakukan intervensi Kesimpuan : Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan metode brainstorming dan media audiovisual dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang difteri. Rekomendasi : Penggunaan metode brainstroming dengan media audiovisual untuk pendidikan kesehatan sebagai upaya preventif dan promotif untuk penyakit difteri.
GAMBARAN PERSEPSI MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN TENTANG KINERJA PRECEPTOR KLINIK
Authors: Apriana Rista Apriana
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran persepsi mahasiswa tentang kinerja preceptors pada proses bimbingan klinik di rumah sakit. Tujuan jangka panjang dalam penelitian ini adalah terwujudnya sistem pendidikan keperawatan yang berkualitas untuk menghasilkan lulusan keperawatan yang profesional dan memiliki daya saing baik nasional maupun internasional . Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif . Preceptors disini adalah perawat yang berperan sebagai pembimbing dalam praktik klinik mahasiswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa keperawatan semester 5 yang telah melaksanakan praktek klinik . Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 80 mahasiswa.  Analisis univariat untuk menggambarkan persepsi mahasiswa tentang kinerja preceptors dalam pembimbingan praktik klinik di rumah sakit dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah sebagian besar mahasiswa keperawatan mempersepsikan baik kinerja preceptor klinik yaitu sebesar 52,5% dan sisanya 47,5 kurang baik.Kata kunci: persepsi, kinerja, preceptor
PERBEDAAN BTA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DENGAN STRATEGI DOTS
Authors: Wahyuni Veronika Kristina , Sulistiyowati Maria Agustina Ermi Tri , Novitasari Diana
Published: May 2021

Latar belakang : Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sumber penularan adalah pasien TB paru BTA positif. Data WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2016, Indonesia menempati posisi kedua dengan beban TB tertinggi di dunia. Angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB di Indonesia masih dibawah standar Nasional. Strategi yang digunakan untuk penatalaksanaan TB adalah strategi DOTS. Perbedaan BTA sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan sangatlah penting untuk menentukan angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB. Metode : Jenis penelitian kuantitaf obsevasional analitik.  Sampel penelitian sebanyak 71 responden diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data diambil dari rekam medis di register TB 03, TB 04 berupa hasil BTA sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan TB paru. Analisa data menggunakan uji Marginal Homogeneity. Hasil : Hasil BTA paling banyak sebelum pengobatan adalah BTA +1 yaitu 30 responden ( 42,3 % ). Hasil BTA paling sedikit sebelum pengobatan adalah  BTA +2 yaitu 8 responden ( 11,3 % ). Hasil BTA paling banyak sesudah pengobatan adalah BTA negatif yaitu 70 responden ( 98,6 % ). Hasil BTA paling sedikit sesudah pengobatan adalah BTA +1 yaitu 1 responden ( 1,4 % ).Ada perbedaan BTA sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan Tuberkulosis paru dengan strategi DOTS di RS St. Elisabeth Semarang dengan p value < 0,001. Simpulan : Ada perbedaan BTA sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan Tuberkulosis paru dengan strategi DOTS dengan p value             < 0,001. Kata kunci : Perbedaan BTA, Strategi DOTS
Developing a theoretical model to examine factors affecting school leadership effectiveness
Authors: Phuc Tran Quang Bao , Nguyen Linh Duy , Parveen Khalida , Wang Muhua
Published: May 2021

What determines the success and effectiveness of leadership in schools? In the process of managing administrative and educational activities, the leadership effectiveness of school leaders is greatly influenced by a combined set of factors, possibly from leadership competencies and styles as well as local and global socio-economic landscape, latest advancements of science and technology, school culture, and change in modern leadership and management practices, etc. Based on extant literature review of rigorous studies on school leadership as the main methodology adoption, the present paper purposefully seeks to propose a theoretical model of school leadership effectiveness through investigating a network of relationships amongst leadership competencies, leadership styles, external and internal factors, and leadership effectiveness for global K-12 schools. Ultimately, the proposed model has both theoretical and managerial implications. Accordingly, an insight into the nature of these relationships will first expand the existing literature in school leadership and then activate school leader self-efficacy to enrich themselves with standout knowledge, skills, and qualities in the industry and simultaneously tailor their leadership styles to specific educational practices towards change and innovation to optimize leadership effectiveness.
Analysis of teacher professional development in Tanzania: View point school management practice
Authors: Sam Mbuli Rose , Zhang Jiajun
Published: May 2021

The study analyse teacher professional development (PD) in Tanzania in view of school management practice in supporting teacher professional development. The present study take school management practice as a factor which can affect teacher professional development. The instruments which are used for the purpose of data collection were interviews, questionnaires, focus group and documentary review. The study examined the prevalence of teacher’s initiated management practices such as planning & scheduling, short term training programs & seminars, formal mentoring program, meeting held at school level and to encourage teachers on the effective utilization of teachers learning resource. As well the study outcomes recommend the government to increase autonomy to school management to enhance the power to choose specific objective to teacher’s professional development.
Education governance in Pakistan: A critical analysis of challenges
Authors: Akram Huma
Published: May 2021

The socioeconomic development of a country depends upon a sound education system. The current era of technology increases its demand to survive in this globalized world. However, several drastic measures have been taken by Pakistan’s government but are still unable to acquire the goals and struggle with low literacy. On this account, a critical analysis was done to understand the root causes of bad governance of education and propose suggestions to resolve those challenges. The study specified several challenges such as unequal access to education, insufficient resources, unavailability of trained teachers, scared accountability and examination system, socioeconomic gap and private supplementary education. In accordance with the findings, the study also proposed useful suggestions for policymakers and educationists.
THE CHALLENGES OF REGULATING HATE SPEECH ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN LIGHT OF THE THEORY OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Authors: PAULOS Biruk , ÇELİK Seydi
Published: May 2021

Although international human rights instruments declare that everyone has the right to freedom of thought and expression, many countries today have laws that censor or limit certain forms of expression on social media, including speech that fuels hatred and violence. Some free speech advocates prefer an open market of ideas where no expression is restricted thinking that the best answer to harmful speech is discussions that allow different ideas to challenge any speech freely. Still some others, on the other hand, argue that restrictions on hate speech on social media are vital for protecting minority communities from the harms caused by this speech. Hate speech raises a very complex question that tests the limits of free speech. Thus, based on the theories that underpin freedom of expression, this piece of work strives to analyze the regulatory dilemma on hate speech on social media by exploring the arguments and challenges that frame the regulatory process.
An Indigenous Design for Management of Congenital Scoliosis - A Case Study
Authors: Swain Parthasarathi , Mohanty Sonali , Rout Bapina Kumar
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Available orthotic brace options for Congenital scoliosis are a few and are quite cumbersome to be tolerated by infants. Considering comfort, acceptance, and effectiveness, we have designed and developed a new spinal Orthosis, incorporating a flexible strap system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of this novel flexible spinal Orthosis on scoliotic curve correction and progression.
Methods: A 1-year-old female infant diagnosed with congenital Scoliosis was fitted with the novel flexible spinal orthotic brace to control the curve progression and to maintain an upright posture. The anterior-posterior radiographs were analyzed for measuring the Cobb angle. The plumb line test was used to assess the postural improvements. Before and After tests were conducted with and without the Novel spinal brace with an intervention period of 2 months.
Discussion: The Cobb’s angle was found to be 7˚ less after the intervention period of 2 months. There was also a marked improvement in Body posture with a 6mm plumbline shift towards the midline. This indigenous flexible spinal brace can be considered as a new, effective method for the treatment of Congenital Scoliosis and it also can be used for maintaining an aligned posture.

Key words: Congenital Scoliosis, Flexible spinal Brace, Cobb’s angle.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Virtual Learning Programme on Adult Basic Life Support Regarding Knowledge and Attitude among Nursing Students in Selected Colleges, Bhopal
Authors: Agnibhoj Prabha , Patidar Anurag Bhai , K Radha
Published: May 2021

Introduction: In India, about 80% of the cardiac arrest occurs out of hospital and requires emergency interventions for the survival of victim. Basic Life Support (BLS) is the vital procedure in condition of out of hospital Cardiac arrest before the arrival of Emergency Medical Services. Nurses are the frontline members to provide emergency aid services and should stands first to provide BLS.
Aim and objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual Learning Programme on Adult BLS regarding knowledge and attitude among nursing students in selected colleges, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
Material & Methods: A one group pretest posttest design was used among 150 nursing students selected through convenience sampling from selected Nursing Colleges of Bhopal Madhya Pradesh. After taking informed consent, pretest was administered online through Google Form. Virtual Learning Programme was administered with the structured PPT through Google Meet app to the group of nursing students after administration of pretest.
Demographic data sheet, knowledge questionnaire, Attitude scale were used for data collection. Post test was conducted after 7 days.
Results: The majority of nursing students belonged to age group of 21-25 years. Majority of them were female and married. The result revealed that the post test knowledge and attitude mean score was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the pre test knowledge and attitude mean score. There was a significant association between pretest score of knowledge and attitude with educational level and marital status.
Conclusion: Virtual Learning Programme proved to be effective in improving the knowledge and attitude regarding Adult BLS among nursing students.

Key words: Virtual Learning Programme, Basic life support, nursing students.
Awareness of COVID-19 Pandemic and General Management Protocol for Home Isolated Patients through Modern and Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Meenu Mishra , Mahima Pandey , Shubham Borkar
Published: May 2021

The corona virus pandemic, is an ongoing pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The aim and objectives are to describe awareness factors for COVID-19 pandemic and to summarize general protocol for home isolated patients through modern and Ayurveda perspective. For this study Ayurveda Samhitas, authentic publications, internet and modern medical literature have been reviewed. By this review article it is concluded that all introducing, recognizing, spreading, preventive and treatment modalities for COVID-19 pandemic are very important to aware and controlling this pandemic.

Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, Awareness of COVID-19, Home isolated patient.
Physiotherapy Management of Patients with COVID-19 Infection in a Tertiary Care Setup-
A Case Series
Authors: Wakde Gauri , Patil Prajakta , Jadhav Sumit
Published: May 2021

The entire world is currently in the clutches of COVID 19. COVID-19 has led to major health crises in the world. Inadequate hospital facilities, shortage of medications, constantly rising cases and increasing death rates have created fear and panic amongst the people. Patients having comorbidities develop more severe form of disease and require longer time for recovery. This case series highlights the patients with comorbidities who represented moderate to severe infection. However Physiotherapy interventions right from the beginning along with medical management resulted in remarkable recovery of the patients. This proves the vital role of physiotherapy in COVID 19. Such positive outcomes appeal including physiotherapy along with medical management for every patient with COVID 19.

Key words: COVID 19, Coronavirus, Case series, Comorbidities, moderate to severe symptoms, physiotherapy.
Effect of Kaulitika Varti-Madhu Ashchyotana in the Management of Kaphaja Abhishyanda with Special Reference to Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) -
A Case Study
Authors: Kumar Raju , Vardhan Prabhakar , Pamnani Gulab Chand
Published: May 2021

Rationale: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a recurrent bilateral chronic allergic inflammatory disease of the ocular surface affecting mainly young children in first decade of life. As per Ayurveda, the disease VKC bears resemblance to the kaphaja abhishyanda which is one among four types of abhishyanda (conjunctivitis). The line of treatment of abhishyanda is langhana (fasting), lepana (anointing with medicated paste), swedana (causing perspiration), siravedhana (venesection), virechana (purgation), anjana (collyria application) and ashchyotana (guttae application) respectively. Based on this principle, the present case was managed with amapachanayoga and ashchyotana as per classical guidelines.
Background: An Indian female aged 23 years presented in December 2020 with complaints of severe itching, watering, redness, papillae on upper palpebral conjunctiva, gelatinous opacification (approx. 2 mm in size) around the limbus and Tranta’s dots for 11 years. The patient had recurrent episodes of this illness since last 11 years.
Intervention and Outcome: The patient was treated on prescribed line of treatment i.e. langhana (amapachana) and ashchyotana as described in Ayurveda for abhishyanda disease. Before treatment, the severity score determined by the 5-5-5 Exacerbation Grading Scale in VKC was 145. After the therapy, the severity score reduced to 0.00. Hence, 100% improvement in disease severity.

Key words: abhishyanda, ashcyotana, amapachana, spring catarrah.
Cancer Scenario in a Health Care Setting - An Observational Study
Authors: Kapoor Anuj , Singh Kamna
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Cancer can affect all living cells in the body, at all ages and both genders are affected with Cancer. There is a multifactorial causation and the disease process differs at different sites. The World Cancer Report documents that cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate globally.
Aim and objectives: To assess the cancer scenario in a tertiary care setting, GMC Kathua
Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective study undertaken in the tertiary care center Kathua. GMC, Kathua is one among the five new medical colleges established in Jammu & Kashmir. The records of cancer patients generated from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2020 were analyzed. All the cancer cases who reported either for diagnosis in any of the hospital OPD or for the treatment (radiotherapy/ chemotherapy/ surgery) were included. Data was entered in the MS Excel for analysis
Results: A total 254 patients were registered during this 1 year period. Females accounted for 56.2% and males for 43.07% .Majority of the cases (114) were found in the age group 41-60. CA breast was the common (16.54%) reported cancer among females followed by CA cervix whereas in males, CA lung (9.92%) was the most common reported cancer among males
Conclusion: The prevalence of cancer cases was found to be higher in females as compared to males. The major age group fell in between 41-60 years. The lung was a leading site of cancer among males and breast was a leading site of the cancer among the females.

Key words: Cancer, Breast cancer, Lung cancer.
Psychological Effect of COVID-19 among Nursing Students
Authors: Shrestha Niran , Ghimire Nirmala , Khatry Roshani
Published: May 2021

Objective: Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has not only brought the risk of morbidity and mortality but also psychological burden on individuals. The objective of the study was to assess psychological effect of COVID- 19 among nursing students of Patan Academy of Health Sciences School of Nursing and midwifery, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Method: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in July 2020 among 382 nursing students. Stress was assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10 item scale, Anxiety level was assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale and depression with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 9 item scale. The total enumerative sampling technique was used for sample selection and data was collected by an online survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data.
Result: The findings of the study revealed that that 278 (72.8%) nursing students had moderate level and 11 (2.9%) had high perceived stress, 202 (52.9%) had mild anxiety and only 8 (2.1%) had severe anxiety. Regarding depression, 220 (57.6%) did not have depressive symptoms and only 4 (1%) had severe depression. Significant mean difference in stress, anxiety and depression between PCL, BSc and BNS were found with p value <0.05 which indicated that PCL students were more likely to be stressed, anxious and depressed than B.Sc and BNS due to COVID 19.
Conclusion: The survey revealed that the majority of nursing students had moderate level of stress, mild anxiety and no depressive symptoms during COVID 19. In order to improve the psychological status of students, the government and organizations should collaborate with educational institutions to ensure psychological support to the students.

Key words: Anxiety, COVID 19, depression, nursing students, psychological effect, stress, students.
The Impacts of Dry & Wet Seasons Induced Criteria Air Pollutants Concentrations in Old Port Harcourt Gra, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Chikerenma Levi-Okoli Ifeyinwa , Apaemi Briggs-Kamara , Barikpe Sigalo Friday
Published: May 2021

This paper evaluated the air quality in Old Port Harcourt GRA in order to determine if it is within or above the acceptable limits/standards by the WHO. To measure the ambient air quality in the study area, a portable gaseous emission analyzer was used. Gaseous pollutants were monitored continuously by pulsed fluorescence. In this method, air is drawn via a sample chamber where it is irradiated with pulses of ultra-violet light. Any specified gas of interest in the sample is excited to a higher energy level and upon returning to its original state, light or fluorescence is released. The amount of fluorescence measured is proportional to the gas concentration. The Suspended particulate matter was measured with an EGVOC SPM Monitor. This is a hand held Aerosol particle counters that operates by counting and sizing the number of particles in the air. In the data analysis, all the average measurements were done in uniform unit of µg/m3. From the findings, in Old Port Harcourt GRA, the ozone (O3) for both dry and wet seasons, and wet season PM10 were within the WHO standards. Sox for both wet and dry seasons were above the WHO limit by 80%; NOx for both wet and dry seasons were above WHO limits by 60%. However, the mean concentration of PM2.5 in dry season was above the WHO limits by 88.2%, while in wet season, the average concentration of PM2.5 was higher than the WHO limits by just 11.5%. The average concentration of PM10 in dry season was higher than the WHO limits by 79.5%. The implications of the findings are that the levels/concentrations of the ozone (O3) both in the dry and wet seasons and the PM10 level in wet season are safe enough for the people of old Port Harcourt GRA as they are within the WHO standards for criteria air pollutants. The level of PM2.5 in wet season is relatively safe but more works still need to be done to further reduce it to be within WHO acceptable limits. The levels/concentrations of the other criteria air pollutants are very unsafe for the people of old Port Harcourt GRA.

Key words: Criteria air pollutants, Wet season, Dry Season, Port Harcourt, WHO guidelines.