bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vanadium dioxide nanostructures with remarkable surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity
Authors: Guan Haomin , Tian Zheng , Kong Qinghong , Xi Guangcheng
Published: April 2021

Metallic and porous VO2 (D) nanospheres with a highly dense and rough surface were synthesized. These VO2 (D) nanospheres present highly sensitive activity as a surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate.
Efficiently harvesting the ultrasonic vibration energy of two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride for piezocatalytic degradation of dichlorophenols
Authors: Lei Hua , Wu Meixuan , Mo Fan , Ji Shilong , Dong Xiaoping , Jia Yanmin , Wang Feifei , Wu Zheng
Published: April 2021

The ultrasound-induced piezoelectric field drives electrons and holes to migrate in opposite directions towards the surface of 2D g-C3N4, leading to the formation of active species, which further degrade dichlorophenols into small molecules.
Purple grumixama anthocyanins (Eugenia brasiliensisLam.) attenuate obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet mice
Authors: Teixeira Luciane de L. , Pilon Geneviève , Coutinho Camille Perella , Dudonné Stéphanie , Dube Pascal , Houde Vanessa , Desjardins Yves , Lajolo Franco M. , Marette André , Hassimotto Neuza M. A.
Published: April 2021

The anthocyanins from the purple grumixama phenolic extract is responsible for reducing obesity and insulin resistance.
A hybrid upconversion nanoprobe for ratiometric detection of aliphatic biogenic amines in aqueous medium
Authors: Jaiswal Shilpi , Kundu Subhankar , Bandyopadhyay Sujoy , Patra Abhijit
Published: April 2021

An organic–inorganic hybrid upconversion nanoprobe was developed for the real-time detection of aliphatic biogenic amines in an aqueous medium, adulterated milk, and rotten fish.
Scalable graphene electro–optical modulators for all-fibre pulsed lasers
Authors: Lau Kuen Yao , Pyymaki Perros Alexander , Li Diao , Kim Maria , Sun Zhipei
Published: April 2021

Here, we report scalable graphene electro–optical modulators for all-fibre pulsed laser applications, promising for various applications such as medical treatment, material processing, and spectroscopy.
Identification of a covalent binder to the oncoprotein gankyrin using a NIR-Based OBOC screening method
Authors: Maresh Marianne E. , Zerfas Breanna L. , Wuthrich Brice S. , Trader Darci J.
Published: April 2021

Despite huge advancements in the process of synthesizing small molecules as part of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) libraries, progress lags in the ability to rank potential hits from a primary library screen.
A carbon dot doped lanthanide coordination polymer nanocomposite as the ratiometric fluorescent probe for the sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase activity
Authors: Sun Weidi , Han Xue , Qu Fengli , Kong Rong-Mei , Zhao Zilong
Published: April 2021

Based on the stimulus-responsive lanthanide coordination polymer and the stable fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs), a simple ratiometric fluorescence sensing strategy was proposed to detect ALP activity.
Enhanced detection sensitivity of the chemisorption of pyridine and biotinylated proteins at localized surface plasmon resonance inflection points in single gold nanorods
Authors: Ryu Kyeong Rim , Ha Ji Won
Published: April 2021

The homogeneous localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) inflection points (IFs) located at the long wavelength side of the LSPR scattering peak exhibited the highest sensitivity for the detection of chemical adsorption with respect to the counterpart LSPR peak maxima.
Synthesis of porous Au–Ag alloy nanorods with tunable plasmonic properties and intrinsic hotspots for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Ke Shanlin , Kan Caixia , Zhu Xingzhong , Wang Changshun , Wang Xiu , Chen Yuan , Zhu Xiaoguang , Li Zhaosheng , Shi Daning
Published: April 2021

The tunability of longitudinal plasmonic bands of P-AuAgNRs is realized to cover a wide range of wavelengths. P-AuAgNRs exhibit numerous internal hotspots which favor highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection.
Coordination-driven discrete metallo-supramolecular assembly for rapid and selective photochemical CO2 reduction in aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Yanan , Chen Longxin , Liu Ting , Chao Duobin
Published: April 2021

A discrete metallo-supramolecular assembly bearing six iron(ii) centers and twelve terpyridine fragments has been developed for highly efficient and selective photochemical CO2 reduction with an organic TADF photosensitizer.
Bio-based crotonic acid from polyhydroxybutyrate: synthesis and photocatalyzed hydroacylation
Authors: Parodi Adriano , Jorea Alexandra , Fagnoni Maurizio , Ravelli Davide , Samorì Chiara , Torri Cristian , Galletti Paola
Published: April 2021

Bio-based crotonic acid was prepared via the thermolytic distillation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and PHB-enriched bacteria, and then subjected to a photocatalyzed hydroacylation, showing a comparable reactivity with that of commercial crotonic acid.
Optimized preconcentration method using magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction with GO–γFe2O3nanoparticles for the determination of Se in fish samples by FIA-HG-AAS
Authors: do Nascimento Mayara Cristina Leal , Ferreira Fernanda Nunes , Benevides Ana Paula , da Silva Danilo de Castro , Cesar Deborah Vargas , Luna Aderval S. , de Gois Jefferson S.
Published: April 2021

Magnetic nanoparticles of GO–γ-Fe2O3were applied for the preconcentration of Se in fish samples and determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and flow injection analysis.
Biosafety of micro/nanomotors towards medical application
Authors: Hou Kexin , Zhang Yandong , Bao Meili , Liu Yanhao , Wang Jinmeng , Xin Chao , Wei Zengyan , Zhang Hua , Wu Zhiguang , Wang Zhenyu
Published: April 2021

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) have attracted tremendous interest of researchers owing to their ability to mimic the function of natural microorganisms to complete tasks in biomedicine and other fields.
Surface oxidation for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction of metal nitrides: a theoretical study on vanadium nitride
Authors: Adimi Samira , Qi Weiliang , Thomas Tiju , Gebauer Ralph , Yang Minghui , Ruan Shengping
Published: April 2021

A single oxide layer acts as a surface oxide activation layer (SOAL) on top of the VN surface toward the HER. VN is a simple model nitride, and this picture can be used for designing enhanced nitride-based catalysts with controlled oxidation of surfaces.
Preferential adsorption of ethane over ethylene on a Zr-based metal–organic framework: impacts of C–H⋯N hydrogen bonding
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Lv Daofei , Chen Jiayu , Liu Zewei , Duan Chongxiong , Chen Xin , Yuan Wenbing , Xi Hongxia , Xia Qibin
Published: April 2021

C–H⋯N interactions are more important than C–H⋯π interactions for ethane-selective adsorption.
Engineering conductive protein films through nanoscale self-assembly and gold nanoparticles doping
Authors: Mejias Sara H. , López-Martínez Elena , Fernandez Maxence , Couleaud Pierre , Martin-Lasanta Ana , Romera David , Sanchez-Iglesias Ana , Casado Santiago , Osorio Manuel R. , Abad Jose M. , González M. Teresa , Cortajarena Aitziber L.
Published: April 2021

We report the fabrication of a conductive biomaterial based on engineered proteins and patterned gold nanoparticles to overcome the challenge of charge transport on macroscopic protein-based materials. This approach has great value for bioelectronics.
Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation reaction by in situ formed ultra-fine metal nanoparticles in live thermophilic hydrogen-producing bacteria
Authors: Bing Wei , Wang Faming , Sun Yuhuan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: April 2021

An environmentally friendly biomimetic strategy has been presented and validated for the catalytic hydrogenation reaction in live bacteria. In situ formed ultra-fine metal nanoparticles can realize highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation reactions.
Mixed solvent synthesis of polydopamine nanospheres for sustainable multilayer flame retardant nanocoating
Authors: Lazar Simone , Shen Ruiqing , Quan Yufeng , Palen Bethany , Wang Qingsheng , Ellison Christopher J. , Grunlan Jaime C.
Published: April 2021

Mixed solvent synthesized polydopamine is used in a multilayer nanocoating for protecting foam from fire. The use of LbL technology significantly reduces the processing time often observed with traditional methods polymerized from buffer.
Self-cyclization vs. dimerization of o-alkenyl arylisocyanides: chemodivergent synthesis of quinolines and pyrrolo-fused diindoles
Authors: Dong Jinhuan , Wang Lei , Li Haoyue , Leng Xinrong , Guo Xiaoyu , Hu Zhongyan , Xu Xianxiu
Published: April 2021

Solvent-dependent chemoselective MBH-type self-cyclization and dimerization of o-alkenyl arylisocyanides were developed for the efficient and chemodivergent synthesis of various 3-acylquinoline and pyrrolo-fused diindole frameworks.
Mild reductive rearrangement of oximes and oxime ethers to secondary amines with hydrosilanes catalyzed by B(C6F5)3
Authors: Fang Huaquan , Wang Guoqiang , Oestreich Martin
Published: April 2021

Oximes, its ether derivatives and the corresponding hydroxylamines rearrange to secondary amines when reacted with PhSiH3 and B(C6F5)3 as catalyst. Computations suggest a reduction–rearrangement to be slightly favored over a Beckmann-type sequence.
Synergistic zinc catalyst mediated oxa-Michael kinetic resolution reaction
Authors: Peng Tianyu , Zhu Haiyong , Xu Yingfan , Li Dan , Wang Yuan , Wang Linqing , Liu Xin , Yang Dongxu , Wang Rui
Published: April 2021

An oxa-Michael kinetic resolution reaction is developed to efficiently construct complexed polycyclic motifs by developing novel bifunctional zinc catalysts.
New pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated from Leptopus chinensis and their hepatoprotective activities on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative injury
Authors: Long Liping , Yang Ye , Zhu Tianliang , Zhang Xinxin , Qi Shizhou , Liu Ting , Song Kairu , Wang Da , Gao Huiyuan
Published: April 2021

Eight new triterpenoids and eight known analogues were first obtained from Leptopus chinensis. Among them, compounds 2, 5 and 16 showed the significant hepatoprotective effects against oxidative injury induced by t-BHP in HepG2 cells.
The optical shielding performances and mechanisms of green flame-retardant two-component matte films under various application conditions
Authors: Yin Xuan , Luo Yunjun
Published: April 2021

Herein, we meticulously investigated the optical shielding performances and mechanisms of green flame-retardant two-component waterborne polyurethane matte films based on a previous study.
Proton exchange membrane and bio-Fenton micro fuel cells for energy harvesting, gas leakage detection, and dye degradation
Authors: Basak Mitali , Mitra Shirsendu , Gooh Pattader Partho Sarathi
Published: April 2021

Flexible proton exchange membrane and bio-Fenton fuel cells for the application of energy harvesting, dye degradation and gas leakage sensor.
Synthesis and characterization of new fluorescent boro-β-carboline dyes
Authors: Szepesi Kovács Dénes , Hajdu Imre , Mészáros Gergely , Wittner Lucia , Meszéna Domokos , Tóth Estilla Zsófia , Hegedűs Zita , Ranđelović Ivan , Tóvári József , Szabó Tímea , Szilágyi Bence , Milen Mátyás , Keserű György Miklós , Ábrányi-Balogh Péter
Published: April 2021

The first representatives of fluorescent boro-β-carbolines were applied for labeling trastuzumab. The antibody fluorophore conjugate was confirmed as a useful tool for labeling and imaging tumour cells in confocal and two-photon microscopy.
Highly sensitive all-polymer photodetectors with ultraviolet-visible to near-infrared photo-detection and their application as an optical switch
Authors: Zhao Zijin , Liu Baiqiao , Xu Chunyu , Liu Ming , Yang Kaixuan , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Yunhua , Zhang Jian , Li Weiwei , Zhang Fujun
Published: April 2021

All-polymer photomultiplication type photodetectors were built based on PMBBDT:N2200 (100 : 3, w/w) as photoactive layers, which can be applied in optical switch systems without any current pre-amplifier.
Developments in forensic DNA analysis
Authors: Haddrill Penelope R.
Published: April 2021

The analysis of DNA from biological evidence recovered in the course of criminal investigations can provide very powerful evidence when a recovered profile matches one found on a DNA database or generated from a suspect. However, when no profile match is found, when the amount of DNA in a sample is too low, or the DNA too degraded to be analysed, traditional STR profiling may be of limited value. The rapidly expanding field of forensic genetics has introduced various novel methodologies that enable the analysis of challenging forensic samples, and that can generate intelligence about the donor of a biological sample. This article reviews some of the most important recent advances in the field, including the application of massively parallel sequencing to the analysis of STRs and other marker types, advancements in DNA mixture interpretation, particularly the use of probabilistic genotyping methods, the profiling of different RNA types for the identification of body fluids, the interrogation of SNP markers for predicting forensically relevant phenotypes, epigenetics and the analysis of DNA methylation to determine tissue type and estimate age, and the emerging field of forensic genetic genealogy. A key challenge will be for researchers to consider carefully how these innovations can be implemented into forensic practice to ensure their potential benefits are maximised.
Combination of oriented-plane curvature reproduction and squeeze film effect-based texture reproduction to simulate curved and textured surface
Authors: Zeng Tao , Liu Yan , Ouyang Enshan
Published: April 2021

The finger skin contains a variety of receptors, which provide multiple tactile sensing channels. When a finger touches the surface of an object, people can simultaneously perceive curvature, texture, softness, temperature, and so on. However, in most of research activities, the designed haptic feedback devices can only focus on a certain channel. In this paper, the rendering of curved and periodic textured surfaces involving two channels, i.e., curvature and texture, was studied. Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate whether the coupling of kinesthetic feedback of curvature and tactile feedback of texture could reproduce curved and textured surfaces with high fidelity. The results showed a deviation of the point of subjective equality values in terms of curvature and roughness, indicating that the curvature rendering and texture rendering have an impact on each other. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the bias when making virtual rendering. The influence of curvature on texture rendering is reduced by recalculating and adjusting the spatial period of the synthesized texture in real-time; the influence of texture on curvature rendering is eliminate by compensating the force difference between touch on physical strip and artificial stimulus.
Number of screws in the articular segment of distal humerus AO/OTA C-type fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation is associated with complication rate
Authors: Grogan Brian F. , Danford Nicholas C. , Lopez Cesar D. , Maier Stephen P. , Kongmalai Pinkawas , Kovacevic David , Levine William N. , Jobin Charles M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures can lead to numerous complications. Data suggest that the number of screws in the distal (articular) segment may be associated with complication rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between a number of screws in the distal segment and complication rate for surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures. We hypothesize that the number of screws in the articular segment of distal humerus AO/OTA C-type fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) will be inversely proportional to the complication rate. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of 27 patients who underwent ORIF of distal humerus fractures C-type with at least six months of radiographic and clinical follow-up. Clinical outcomes including a range of motion, pain, revision surgery for stiffness and/or heterotopic ossification (HO), nonunion, and persistent ulnar nerve symptoms requiring revision neurolysis were recorded. Results: In C-type fractures, the use of three or fewer articular screws was significantly associated with nonunion or loss of fixation (RR 17, p = 0.006). Nineteen of 36 (53%) patients experienced at least one complication. The surgical approach, plate configuration, age, and ulnar nerve treatment (none, in situ release, transposition) were not associated with the need for revision surgery. Men had a higher risk of requiring surgical contracture release due to improving post-operative stiffness (RR 12, p = 0.02). Conclusion: In this retrospective study, the use of three or fewer screws to fix articular fragments in AO type C fractures was a significant risk for nonunion or loss of fixation. Plate configuration and surgical approach did not correlate with outcomes. Men had higher rates of complications and required more frequent revision surgery compared to women.
Geriatrisches Assessment: Personalisierung des alten Tumorpatienten
Authors: Kolb Gerald F. , Leischker Andreas H.
Published: April 2021

Ein auf die Besonderheiten des älteren Patienten zugeschnittenes Geriatrisches Assessment kommt außerhalb von Studien kaum und schon gar nicht regelhaft in einer festen, etablierten Institution wie dem Tumorboard zum Einsatz. Diese Situation erscheint im Sinne der „personalisierten Medizin“ unbefriedigend. Das Geriatrische Assessment ist keine Konkurrenz zur bestehenden „personalized medicine“ mit molekularpathologisch unterstützter Entscheidung im Tumorboard – es soll eine sinnvolle Ergänzung sein, die sowohl den Tumor als auch den einzelnen Patienten hinsichtlich seiner alltagsrelevanten Defizite, aber auch Ressourcen umfassend beschreibt. Eine solche funktionsorientierte Betrachtung würde entscheidend helfen, dass weder eine teure und toxische Übertherapie, noch eine ineffektive und ressourcenbindende Untertherapie beim älteren Patienten erfolgt.
Leben nach Krebs: Gezielte Bewegungstherapie bei einer chronischen Fatigue
Authors: Siebert Stefanie , Baumann Freerk T. , Salchow Jannike
Published: April 2021

Eine der häufigsten Langzeitfolgen bei Krebsüberlebenden ist das Erschöpfungssyndrom, auch als „Cancer-Related Fatigue“ (CRF) bezeichnet. Eine Fatigue kann auch Jahre nach der Erkrankung noch bestehen bleiben und führt bei den Betroffenen zu erheblichen Einschränkungen des täglichen Lebens und der Lebensqualität. Bei der Behandlung einer chronischen Fatigue spielt die onkologische Bewegungstherapie eine entscheidende Rolle und konnte in mehreren Metaanalysen die stärkste Evidenz für eine erfolgreiche Symptombehandlung zeigen. Forschungsbedarf besteht jedoch weiterhin bezüglich einer optimalen Trainingssteuerung und Trainingsart, weshalb die multizentrische FatiGO-Studie konzipiert wurde, die die unmittelbare Wirksamkeit auf die Fatigue untersucht.
Die Misteltherapie beim Mammakarzinom und Fatigue
Authors: Paepke Daniela
Published: April 2021

Die Mistel gehört in Deutschland zu den meistverordneten komplementärmedizinischen Krebsmedikamenten. Viele Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom erhalten im Verlauf ihrer Erkrankung eine Misteltherapie. Präklinische Forschungen, klinische Studien und Übersichtsarbeiten liegen zum Einsatz der Misteltherapie beim Mammakarzinom vor. Hautsächlich findet die Mistel Anwendung bei Tumor-assoziierter Fatigue, zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und zur Verminderung systemtherapeutisch bedingter Nebenwirkungen.
Comparison and Association of Neck Extensor Muscles’
Endurance and Postural Function in Subjects with and without Chronic Neck Pain
– A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Kakarparthy Venkata Nagaraj , Rengaramanujam Kanagaraj , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Dixit Snehil , Gautam Ajay Prashad , Silvian Paul , Gular Kumar , Eapen Charu , CG Shashi Kumar
Published: April 2021

Purpose Neck extensor endurance (NEE) and position sense are vital for
maintaining cervical spine function and defects in these processes may be
associated with impaired postural control in chronic neck pain (CNP)
subjects. The study’s objectives are 1) to compare the cervical
extensor endurance capability and postural control of CNP subjects with
those of asymptomatic controls; 2) to investigate the association between
NEE and postural control.

Materials and Methods Sixty-four participants (38 asymptomatic, 38
with CNP) participated in this cross-sectional study. NEE was assessed using
a clinical extensor endurance test. Under open and closed eyes conditions,
postural control measures were tested with the Good Balance system. The
postural control parameters were AP-velocity (mm/s), ML-velocity
(mm/s) and Velocity moment (mm2). NEE capacity and postural control
parameters were compared and correlated between asymptomatic and CNP
subjects.

Results and Discussion CNP subjects showed lower NEE capacity
(p<0.001) and significantly larger AP-velocity (p<0.001),
ML-velocity (p<0.001) and Velocity moment (p<0.001) than
asymptomatic participants. NEE negatively correlated with AP-velocity
(r=−0.51, p=0.001), ML-velocity (r=0.46,
p=0.003) and velocity moment (r=0.38, p=0.020) in
asymptomatic subjects in eyes open condition and no correlations in subjects
with CNP. CNP subjects showed increased postural sway velocities and lowered
extensor endurance capacity compared to asymptomatic participants. No
correlations existed between NEE and postural control parameters in CNP
subjects.
Allenes: Versatile Building Blocks in Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Activation
Authors: Volla Chandra M. R. , Shukla Rahul K. , Nair Akshay M.
Published: April 2021

The unique reactivity of allenes has led to their emergence as valuable coupling partners in transition-metal-mediated C–H activation reactions. On the other hand, due to its high abundance and high Lewis acidity, cobalt is garnering widespread interest as a useful catalyst for C–H activation. Here, we summarize cobalt-catalyzed C–H activations involving allenes as coupling partners and then describe our studies on Co(III)-catalyzed C-8 dienylation of quinoline N-oxides with allenes bearing a leaving group at the α-position for realizing a dienylation protocol.
High-Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Synergizing Fullerene and Non-fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: April 2021

With the development of the non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), the use of ternary organic photovoltaic devices based on a fullerene acceptor and a NFA is now widespread, and the merits of both acceptor types can be fully utilized. However, the effective approach of enhancing device performance is adjusting the charge dynamics and the thin-film morphology of the active layer via introducing the second acceptor, which would significantly impact the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, and the fill factor, thus strongly affecting device efficiency. The functions of the second acceptor in a ternary organic solar cell with a fullerene acceptor and a NFA are summarized here. These include a broader absorption spectrum; formation of a cascade energy level or energy transfer; modified thin-film morphology including phase separation, effects on crystallinity, size, and purity of domain; and vertical distribution along with improved charge dynamics like exciton dissociation and charge transport, collection, and recombination. Then, we discuss the hierarchical morphology in ternary solar cells, which may benefit device performance, and the outlook of the ternary device.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of β- and δ-Carbolines by Double N-Arylation of Primary Amines
Authors: Hung Tran Quang , Dang Tuan Thanh , Langer Peter , Van Phuc Ban , Do Ha Nam , Quan Nguyen Minh , Tuan Nguyen Ngoc , An Nguyen Quang , Van Tuyen Nguyen , Anh Hoang Le Tuan
Published: April 2021

Two efficient and practical approaches are reported for the synthesis of β- and δ-carbolines from 3,4-dibromopyridine. The synthesis is based on site-selective Cu-catalyzed double C–N coupling reactions and subsequent annulations by twofold Pd-catalyzed C–N coupling with amines.
The Application of P300-Long-Latency Auditory-Evoked Potential in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Ferrazoli Natalia , Donadon Caroline , Rezende Adriano , Skarzynski Piotr H. , Sanfins Milaine Dominici
Published: April 2021

Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative and progressive neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Despite the motor symptoms, PD patients also consistently show cognitive impairment or executive dysfunction. The auditory event-related potential P300 has been described as the best indicator of mental function, being highly dependent on cognitive skills, including attention and discrimination.

Objective To review the literature on the application and findings of P300 as an indicator of PD.

Data Analysis The samples ranged from 7 to 166 individuals. Young adult and elderly male patients composed most study samples. The Mini-Mental State Examination test, the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, and the Hoehn and Yahr Scale were used to assess neurological and cognitive function. In terms of testing hearing function, few studies have focused on parameters other than the P300. The factors we focused on were how the P300 was modified by cognitive effects, its correlation with different PD scales, the effect of performing dual tasks, the effect of fatigue, and the influence of drug treatments.

Conclusion The use of the P300 appears to be an effective assessment tool in patients with PD. This event-related potential seems to correlate well with other neurocognitive tests that measure key features of the disease.
Effect of Heparanase and Heparan Sulfate Chains in Hemostasis
Authors: Nadir Yona
Published: April 2021

Heparanase, the only mammalian enzyme known to degrade heparan sulfate chains, affects the hemostatic system through several mechanisms. Along with the degrading effect, heparanase engenders release of syndecan-1 from the cell surface and directly enhances the activity of the blood coagulation initiator, tissue factor, in the coagulation system. Upregulation of tissue factor and release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor from the cell surface contribute to the prothrombotic effect. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and the strongest physiological anticoagulant antithrombin are attached to the endothelial cell surface by heparan sulfate. Hence, degradation of heparan sulfate induces further release of these two natural anticoagulants from endothelial cells. Elevated heparanase procoagulant activity and heparan sulfate chain levels in plasma, demonstrated in cancer, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and aging, could suggest a potential mechanism for increased risk of thrombosis in these clinical settings. In contrast to the blood circulation, accumulation of heparan sulfate chains in transudate and exudate pleural effusions induces a local anticoagulant milieu. The anticoagulant effect of heparan sulfate chains in other closed spaces such as peritoneal or subdural cavities should be further investigated.
Evaluation of Serum Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and Circulating Immune Complexes in Oral Precancer and Cancer Patients
Authors: Madki Pooja , Tejasvi Mandya Lakshman Avinash , Paramkusam Geetha , Khan Ruheena , J. Shilpa
Published: April 2021

Objectives The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) as tumor marker in oral cancer and precancer patients.

Materials and Methods The present study was performed on 45 individuals subdivided into three groups, that is, oral precancer, oral cancer and healthy individuals, and levels of immunoglobulins, and CIC was estimated by turbidometry and ELISA method.

Results In the present study, the mean serum IgA levels in oral precancer were 161.00 ( ±  118.02) mg/dL, oral cancers were 270.67 ( ±  171.44) mg/dL, and controls were 133.73 ( ±  101.31) mg/dL. Mean serum levels of IgG in oral precancer were 1,430.87 ( ±  316) mg/dL, oral cancers were 1,234.27 ( ±  365.42) mg/dL, and controls were 593.87 ( ±  323.06) mg/dL.

Conclusion We found that the levels of serum IgG and IgA were elevated consistently in precancer and cancer group, and Serum IgM levels were increased only in precancer. Also, significant increase in serum CIC levels were seen in oral precancer and cancer group on comparison with control.
The Influence of Topically Administered Heparin on Peripheral Microcirculation of the Skin: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Preliminary Study on 50 Healthy Subjects
Authors: Denzinger Markus , Held Manuel , Amr Amro , Krauß Sabrina , Bender Dominik , Daigeler Adrien , Wenger Andrea
Published: April 2021

Background Venous thrombosis is the most common cause of flap failure in the first days after surgery. Although heparin is one of the most important antithrombotic substances and is implemented in the therapy of various diseases, there are only a few studies addressing its topical administration in the field of flap surgery. Especially, very little is known about the effects of topical heparin and its impact on microcirculation. In this study we evaluated to what extent topically administered heparin influences skin microcirculation (capillary venous oxygen saturation SO2, blood filling of microvessels, blood flow, and velocity) in healthy subjects.

Methods Skin perfusion parameters on the forearm were measured with the O2C device in a double-blinded, controlled, and randomized study with 50 healthy subjects after administration of heparin ointment in three different concentrations and a control ointment (dexpanthenol).

Results Topically administrated heparin slightly increased SO2 (max. 187 ± 285 SD or standard deviation % vs. 145 ± 129 SD %), flow (max. 264 ± 427 SD % vs. 151.74 ± 111 SD %), and velocity (max. 153 ± 149 SD % vs. 122 ± 56 SD %) after an incubation time of 60 minutes in comparison to control. No statistically significant difference could be detected regarding heparin concentration.

Conclusion As a first important step in possible future implementing of heparin as a topical administration in flap surgery, our data—although not statistically significant—indicate that heparin can improve microcirculation (SO2, flow) in healthy subjects. Nevertheless, further research in subjects with impaired microcirculation is necessary.
Progressive Leukodystrophy-Like Demyelinating Syndromes with MOG-Antibodies in Children: A Rare Under-Recognized Phenotype
Authors: Yazbeck Elise , Maurey Hélène , Leroy Carole , Horellou Philippe , Napuri Silvia , Lali Mohammed , Adam Clovis , Husson Beatrice , Sevin Caroline , Deiva Kumaran
Published: April 2021

Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) are frequently associated with myelin oligodendrocytes glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in children. Clinical phenotypes are heterogeneous and may delay the diagnosis, especially when they relapse and are atypical, mimicking diseases such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders . Here, we describe two children: one with a progressive cognitive and behavioral deterioration with seizures after only one relapse and the other with similar clinical impairments associated with multiple relapses. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subsequent progressive leukodystrophy-like lesion with diffuse bilateral white matter injuries in both patients. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed pleiocytosis, increased level of proteins with no oligoclonal bands. Metabolic and inflammatory blood markers were all negative. Brain biopsy was performed in the second child and nonspecific inflammatory lesions with no argument for histiocytosis or tumor were observed. Clinical and radiological stabilization were obtained after active immunotherapy. Retrospective analysis of anti-MOG antibodies in these two children was positive at the earlier stage of the disease and turned negative after treatment and during follow-up. Leukodystrophy-like ADS with anti-MOG-antibodies may display distinct progressive phenotype and have a severe neurological prognosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may improve outcome in these children.
Proving Triptycene Homoconjugation with the Same Chromophore but Different Connectivity to the Core
Authors: Elbert Sven M. , Kirschbaum Tobias , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael
Published: April 2021

Homoconjugation is a phenomenon discussed for various π-systems where classical conjugation is broken by e.g. methylene units but still a stabilization by electronic communication exists. In this respect, triptycene with its rigid C3 symmetric geometry is an ideal scaffold to study this phenomenon. Although several studies based on triptycene strengthen the hypothesis of homoconjugation, in all described cases the electronic communication through space relies on different π-blades. Here, two triptycenes are presented having the exact same π-extended chromophore, but differently annulated to the bicyclic core. Both compounds were investigated by spectroscopic as well as computational means and compared with the corresponding model compound, elucidating the influence of the attachment site to the triptycene core on potential homoconjugation.
What Industry Wants: An Empirical Analysis of Health Informatics Job Postings
Authors: McLane Tara M. , Hoyt Robert , Hodge Chad , Weinfurter Elizabeth , Reardon Erin E. , Monsen Karen A.
Published: April 2021

Objectives To describe the education, experience, skills, and knowledge required for health informatics jobs in the United States.

Methods Health informatics job postings (n = 206) from Indeed.com on April 14, 2020 were analyzed in an empirical analysis, with the abstraction of attributes relating to requirements for average years and types of experience, minimum and desired education, licensure, certification, and informatics skills.

Results A large percentage (76.2%) of posts were for clinical informaticians, with 62.1% of posts requiring a minimum of a bachelor's education. Registered nurse (RN) licensure was required for 40.8% of posts, and only 7.3% required formal education in health informatics. The average experience overall was 1.6 years (standard deviation = 2.2), with bachelor's and master's education levels increasing mean experience to 3.5 and 5.8 years, respectively. Electronic health record support, training, and other clinical systems were the most sought-after skills.

Conclusion This cross-sectional study revealed the importance of a clinical background as an entree into health informatics positions, with RN licensure and clinical experience as common requirements. The finding that informatics-specific graduate education was rarely required may indicate that there is a lack of alignment between academia and industry, with practical experience preferred over specific curricular components. Clarity and shared understanding of terms across academia and industry are needed for defining and advancing the preparation for and practice of health informatics.
Efficient Solar Cells Based on a Polymer Donor with β-Branching in Trialkylsilyl Side Chains
Authors: Bin Haijun , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: April 2021

Side-chain engineering is an important strategy in designing novel polymer semiconductor materials for high-efficient organic solar cells. The use of trialkylsilyl side chains can improve the photovoltaic efficiency by decreasing the energy of the HOMO of the polymer and improving its crystallinity and hole mobility. Compared to simple linear derivatives, α-branching in the alkyl groups of trialkylsilyl side chains causes strong aggregation and excessive phase separation in the photoactive layer, leading to poor device performance. β-Branching of the alkyl groups has not yet been used in trialkylsilyl side chains. Herein, we describe a new polymer (J77) with triisobutylsilyl side chains to investigate the effect of β-branching on the molecular aggregation, optical properties, energy levels, and photovoltaic properties. We find that compared to α-branching, β-branching of alkyl groups in trialkylsilyl side chains significantly reduces aggregation. This enables J77 to form blend morphologies in films that provide high-efficient solar cells in combination with different non-fullerene acceptors. Moreover β-branching of the alkyl groups in trialkylsilyl side chains lowers the HOMO energy level of J77 and increases the open-circuit voltage of J77-based solar cells without sacrificing short-circuit current density or fill factor.
Total Infrapatellar Fat Pad Excision Leads to Worse Isokinetic Performance in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cankaya Deniz , Akti Sefa , Yasar Niyazi Erdem , Karakus Dilek , Unal Kazim Onur , Karhan Taha Esref , Sezgin Erdem Aras
Published: April 2021

There are concerns that total infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) excision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) results in patellar tendon shortening due to ischemic contracture, but individual preference of the surgeon is still the main determinant between total or partial excision. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare isokinetic performance and clinical outcome of TKAs with total and partial excision of the IPFP. Seventy-two patients scheduled to undergo TKA for primary knee osteoarthritis by a single surgeon were randomly assigned to either total or partial excision group. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative 1 year, with Knee Society Score (KSS) and isokinetic measurements. The physiatrist performing isokinetic tests and patients were blinded to the study. There were no significant differences between the groups in respect of age, body mass index, gender, and preoperative KSS and isokinetic performance. Postoperatively, both groups had improved KSS knee and KSS function scores, with no difference determined. Knee extension peak torque was significantly higher postoperatively in the partial excision group at postoperative 1 year (p = 0.036). However, there were no significant differences in knee flexion peak torque following TKA (p = 0.649). The results of this study demonstrated that total excision of the IPFP during TKA is associated with worse isokinetic performance, which is most likely due to changes in the knee biomechanics with the development of patella baja. Partial excision of the IPFP appears to be a valid alternative to overcome this potential detrimental effect without impeding exposure to the lateral compartment. This is a Level I, therapeutic study.
The cross-polarization scattering system for the magnetic fluctuation measurement in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Ji J. X. , Liu A. D. , Zhou C. , Zhuang G. , Zhang J. , Feng X. , Liu Z. Y. , Zhong X. M. , Fan H. R. , Zhang S. B. , Liu Y. , Hu L. Q. , Mao W. Z. , Lan T. , Xie J. L. , Li H. , Liu Z. X. , Liu W. D.
Published: April 2021

The cross-polarization scattering (CPS) system for magnetic fluctuation measurements in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has been designed and installed. Different from the Doppler reflectometer (DR) system, the CPS system detects the perpendicular polarization of the electromagnetic wave induced by magnetic fluctuations B̃. The CPS system in the EAST has been developed from the existing Doppler reflectometer system, and they are integrated together for simultaneous measurement of magnetic and density fluctuations. Ray-tracing simulations are used to calculate the scattering locations and the wavenumber coverage of the magnetic fluctuation for CPS. In the experiments, the CPS and DR system data were different in Doppler shift, amplitude, and spectrum broadening. In this article, the hardware design, the ray tracing, and the preliminary results of the system in the EAST are presented.
The coherent information on the manifold of positive definite density matrices
Authors: Tehrani Alireza , Pereira Rajesh
Published: April 2021

This paper will explore the restriction of the coherent information to the positive definite density matrices in the special case where the quantum channels are strictly positive linear maps. The space of positive definite density matrices is equipped with an embedded submanifold structure of the real vector space of Hermitian matrices. These ensure that the n-shot coherent information is differentiable and allows for the computation of its gradient and Hessian. We show that any tensor products of critical points preserve being a critical point of the coherent information. Furthermore, we show that for any positive integer n, the maximally mixed state is always a critical point for the class of mixed unitary quantum channels with orthogonal, unitary Kraus operators. We determine when the maximally mixed state is a local maximum/minimum or saddle point, including its eigenvectors, for the class of Pauli-erasure channels when n is equal to 1. This class includes the dephrasure channel and Pauli channel and refines potential regions where super-additivity is thought to occur. These techniques can be used to study other optimization problems over density matrices and allow the use of manifold optimization algorithms and a better understanding of the quantum capacity problem by utilizing the first and second order geometry.
On the general analytic solution for unsteady turbulent incompressible flow between parallel plates
Authors: García García F. J. , Fariñas Alvariño P.
Published: April 2021

This research reports the mean-velocity field associated with a general plane-parallel flow, regardless of its being laminar, turbulent, steady-state, unsteady, or transient. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation is posed, with proper initial and boundary conditions, and the solution is developed in an easy-to-follow fashion. The time-dependent general analytic solution is obtained, which is the sum of three components: (i) the transient decay of the initial mean velocity, (ii) the unsteady mean velocity directly created by the mean pressure gradient, and (iii) the unsteady mean velocity originated from the flow's Reynolds shear-stress gradient. Each one of these components has a different evolution in time, resulting in an asynchronism among them that yields deformed mean-velocity profiles. The formalism is applied to study the transient flow created when an initial steady-state flow is accelerated or decelerated up to a final steady state. A rapidly accelerated version of this problem was already studied in a DNS by He and Seddighi [“Turbulence in transient channel flow,” J. Fluid Mech. 715, 60–102 (2013)]. We show that DNS results concerning mean velocity are qualitatively reproduced by our approach, including surprising features like the flattening of transient mean-velocity profiles, the middle mean-velocity overshoot, global laminarization, and the enhancement of the viscous sublayer related to the notion of hyperlaminarity already introduced by the authors. The decelerated case presents sharpening of mean-velocity profiles, middle mean-velocity undershoots, global turbulentization, and the destruction of the viscous sublayer, and poses predictions that await experimental confirmation. This research continues the exposition of the theory of underlying laminar flow initiated in previous papers.
Versatile four-leg thermoelectric module test setup adapted to a commercial sample holder system for high temperatures and controlled atmospheres
Authors: Schuler Raphael , Madathil Reshma K. , Norby Truls
Published: April 2021

A high temperature thermoelectric test setup for the NORECS ProboStat™ sample holder cell has been designed, constructed, and tested. It holds four thermoelectric legs of up to 5 × 5 mm2 area each and flexible height, allows various interconnects to be tested, and utilizes the spring-load system of the ProboStat for fixation and contact. A custom stainless steel support tube flushed with water provides the cold sink, enabling large temperature gradients. Thermocouples and electrodes as well as the gas supply and outer tube use standard ProboStat base unit feedthroughs and dimensions. The setup allows for testing in controlled atmospheres with the hot side temperature of up to around 1000 °C and a temperature gradient of up to 600 °C. We demonstrate the test setup on a four-leg Li–NiO/Al–ZnO module with gold interconnects. The comparison between the predicted performance based on individual material parameters and the experimentally obtained module performance underlines the necessity for testing materials in combination, including interconnects. The four-leg setup allows versatile match-screening, performance evaluation, and long-term stability studies of thermoelectric materials in combination with hot and cold side interconnects under realistic operational conditions.
Spectral CT imaging of human osteoarthritic cartilage via quantitative assessment of glycosaminoglycan content using multiple contrast agents
Authors: Baer Kenzie , Kieser Sandra , Schon Ben , Rajendran Kishore , ten Harkel Timen , Ramyar Mohsen , Löbker Caroline , Bateman Christopher , Butler Anthony , Raja Aamir , Hooper Gary , Anderson Nigel , Woodfield Tim
Published: April 2021

Detection of early osteoarthritis to stabilize or reverse the damage to articular cartilage would improve patient function, reduce disability, and limit the need for joint replacement. In this study, we investigated nondestructive photon-processing spectral computed tomography (CT) for the quantitative measurement of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content compared to destructive histological and biochemical assay techniques in normal and osteoarthritic tissues. Cartilage-bone cores from healthy bovine stifles were incubated in 50% ioxaglate (Hexabrix®) or 100% gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance®). A photon-processing spectral CT (MARS) scanner with a CdTe-Medipix3RX detector imaged samples. Calibration phantoms of ioxaglate and gadobenate dimeglumine were used to determine iodine and gadolinium concentrations from photon-processing spectral CT images to correlate with the GAG content measured using a dimethylmethylene blue assay. The zonal distribution of GAG was compared between photon-processing spectral CT images and histological sections. Furthermore, discrimination and quantification of GAG in osteoarthritic human tibial plateau tissue using the same contrast agents were demonstrated. Contrast agent concentrations were inversely related to the GAG content. The GAG concentration increased from 25 μg/ml (85 mg/ml iodine or 43 mg/ml gadolinium) in the superficial layer to 75 μg/ml (65 mg/ml iodine or 37 mg/ml gadolinium) in the deep layer of healthy bovine cartilage. Deep zone articular cartilage could be distinguished from subchondral bone by utilizing the material decomposition technique. Photon-processing spectral CT images correlated with histological sections in healthy and osteoarthritic tissues. Post-imaging material decomposition was able to quantify the GAG content and distribution throughout healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage using Hexabrix® and MultiHance® while differentiating the underlying subchondral bone.
High-resolution calorimetry in pulsed magnetic fields
Authors: Imajo Shusaku , Dong Chao , Matsuo Akira , Kindo Koichi , Kohama Yoshimitsu
Published: April 2021

We have developed a new calorimeter for measuring the thermodynamic properties in pulsed magnetic fields. Instrumental design is described along with the instrument construction details, including the sensitivity of a RuO2 thermometer. Operation of the calorimeter is demonstrated by measuring the heat capacity of three samples: pure germanium, CeCu2Ge2, and κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br, in pulsed fields up to 43.5 T. Obtaining field stability is key in measuring high-resolution heat capacity under pulsed fields. We also examine the performance of the calorimeter by employing two measurement techniques: the quasi-adiabatic and dual-slope techniques. We demonstrate that the calorimeter developed in this study is capable of performing high-resolution calorimetry in pulsed magnetic fields, which opens the door to new opportunities for high-field thermodynamic studies.