bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online measures of looking and learning in infancy
Authors: Smith‐Flores Alexis S. , Perez Jasmin , Zhang Michelle H. , Feigenson Lisa
Published: September 2021

Infants in laboratory settings look longer at events that violate their expectations, learn better about objects that behave unexpectedly, and match utterances to the objects that likely elicited them. The paradigms revealing these behaviors have become cornerstones of research on preverbal cognition. However, little is known about whether these canonical behaviors are observed outside laboratory settings. Here, we describe a series of online protocols that replicate classic laboratory findings, detailing our methods throughout. In Experiment 1a, 15‐month‐old infants (N = 24) looked longer at an online support event culminating in an Unexpected outcome (i.e., appearing to defy gravity) than an Expected outcome. Infants did not, however, show the same success with an online solidity event. In Experiment 1b, 15‐month‐old infants (N = 24) showed surprise‐induced learning following online events—they were better able to learn a novel object's label when the object had behaved unexpectedly compared to when it behaved expectedly. Finally, in Experiment 2, 16‐month‐old infants (N = 20) who heard a valenced utterance (“Yum!”) showed preferential looking to the object most likely to have generated that utterance. Together, these results suggest that, with some adjustments, online testing is a feasible and promising approach for infant cognition research.
Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations in Thai children: A 5‐year national data analysis
Authors: Sitthikarnkha Phanthila , Uppala Rattapon , Niamsanit Sirapoom , Sutra Sumitr , Thepsuthammarat Kaewjai , Techasatian Leelawadee , Teeratakulpisarn Jamaree
Published: September 2021

Background

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common cause for hospitalization in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with LRTIs are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The national data analysis of epidemiologic variations facilitates awareness and develops solutions to prevent these conditions in the future.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, causative pathogens, morbidity, and mortality of LRTIs in pediatric patients of Thailand from 2015 to 2019.

Methods

This was a retrospective study among pediatric patients aged between 0 and 18 years old admitted in hospitals due to LRTIs in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The data were extracted from National Health Security Office using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Thai Modification; ICD‐10‐TM of J09 to J22.

Results

A total of 1,423,509 children hospitalized due to LRTIs were identified. Most of the patients were of age 1–5 years. Pneumonia was the most common LRTI (876,557 children, 61.58%) in hospitalized children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main etiologic pathogen of bronchiolitis, which presents in approximately 10.86% of all episodes. Influenza viruses were found predominantly in children with pneumonia (15.52%). The mortality rate since 2015–2019 was highest in pneumonia under 1 year old (P < 0.001). Pneumonia in children under 5 years old had the highest mortality rate, which accounted for 11.85 per 100,000 children in 2019.

Conclusions

LRTIs had a high incidence rate of hospitalization and mortality, especially in children under 5 years old. Influenza virus was the most common pathogen of pneumonia.
An assessment of the structural relationship between determinants and implications of caste‐based endogamy in Pakistan
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Rizwan , Nasar Asim , Akram Muhammad , Yousaf Farhan Navid
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the socio‐economic determinants and implications of caste‐based endogamy in Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan. It also measures the structural relationship between determinants and implications of endogamy. For this cross‐sectional study, 488 respondents were randomly selected from three Punjab province districts with inclusion criteria of being married within their caste. A path modelling and multigroup analysis were conducted using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). This study has found that social pressure, casteism, and fear of exogamy failure significantly influence mate selection in Punjab, which has socio‐economic implications. Social pressure and perceived easiness of endogamy less likely contribute towards economic implications. Similarly, casteism indicated a non‐significant influence on social implications. Overall, male and female respondents shared views on endogamy influencing determinants causing socio‐economic implications. This study concludes that caste‐based endogamy has a stronghold in the cultural patterns of Punjab, Pakistan, which restricts economic mobility, deepens the marginalisation of those from lower castes, and promotes casteism at community and institutional levels. This is one of the initial studies in Pakistani Punjab assessing the structural relationship between endogamy determinants and their social and economic implications.
Controlled synthesis of alumina in a spray flame aerosol reactor
Authors: Okonkwo Onochie , Dhawan Sukrant , Biswas Pratim
Published: September 2021

In this study, a spray flame aerosol reactor (S‐FLAR) is used to synthesize alumina nanoparticles. The as‐produced powders are then characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the crystal phase, surface area, particle size distribution, and morphology. The effects of the precursor, dispersion oxygen, and sheath oxygen rates on the characteristics of synthesized alumina were investigated. On increasing the precursor rate, decreasing the dispersion oxygen rate or sheath oxygen rate; the alumina powder surface area decreased. With increasing precursor rates and decreasing dispersion oxygen rates, the proportion of theta alumina increased and that of eta alumina decreased. When using an S‐FLAR to synthesize alumina, the dispersion oxygen rate offers the best control of the surface area, while the precursor rate controls the crystal phase proportions. This result is useful for the design and operation of spray flame aerosol reactors to produce alumina‐based catalysts.
Stigma among transgender and gender‐diverse people accessing healthcare: A concept analysis
Authors: Velasco Roque Anthony F.
Published: September 2021

Aim

To provide a timely analysis around the concept of stigma among transgender and gender‐diverse people accessing healthcare.

Background

While research on stigma has been prolific in other disciplines, the literature on stigma—especially among transgender and gender‐diverse people—have been limited in nursing. A clear definition of stigma among transgender/gender‐diverse people is also lacking in the nursing literature.

Design

Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis.

Data sources

PubMed and CINAHL databases were used to retrieve English language records from February 2016 to February 2021. Influential literature from sociology and psychology and an online dictionary and thesaurus were also used to clarify the concept.

Methods

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis was used to search the scientific literature to clarify and describe the antecedents, defining attributes, consequences and empirical referents of stigma among transgender/gender‐diverse people accessing healthcare.

Results

A clear definition of stigma was identified. The defining attributes of stigma—labelling, stereotype, separation, status loss and discrimination—reflect its definition. Without asymmetrical power relationships, stigma will not exist. The consequences of stigma include negative and positive outcomes.

Conclusion

While this concept analysis provides clarification of stigma, further exploration of the concept is needed. Furthermore, this concept analysis illustrates how nurses are strategically positioned to disrupt the power structures that allow stigma to operate. Understanding the concept of stigma also enables nurses to create equitable and multifaceted inventions to improve healthcare access among transgender and gender‐diverse people.
Fathers' daily intake of fruit and vegetables is positively associated with children's fruit and vegetable consumption patterns in Europe: The Feel4Diabetes Study
Authors: Papamichael Maria Michelle , Moschonis George , Mavrogianni Christina , Liatis Stavros , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Cardon Greet , De Vylder Flore , Kivelä Jemina , Flores‐Barrantes Paloma , Imre Rurik , Moreno Luis , Iotova Violeta , Usheva Natalya , Tankova Tsvetalina , Manios Yannis ,   the Feel4Diabetes‐Study Group
Published: September 2021

Background

Past research has focused on the relationship between mothers' and children's eating habits, although little is known about fathers as potential agents. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between fathers' and children's fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in the context of fathers' education level and family income insecurity.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis using baseline data from the multicentre Feel4Diabetes Study were collected in 2016. Participants were parent‐dyads (fathers, n = 10,038) and school children (n = 12,041) from six European countries. Socio‐demographic and dietary data were collected using questionnaires. Associations were assessed applying the multinomial logistic regression model.

Results

Overall, European children have low FV intake, especially in Southern European countries (Greece, Spain and Hungary). Children with fathers consuming FV daily were more likely to consume fresh fruit (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.95–3.88) and vegetables (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.80–3.60) 1–2 times per day. After adjusting for paternal educational level and family income insecurity significant associations remained for fresh fruit (ORadj = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.82–3.69) and vegetables (ORadj = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.38–2.86). Country differences showed that fathers' educational level and income insecurity might be important factors worth considering for FV intake in Greece.

Conclusions

The present study showed that fathers' FV intake was positively associated with children's daily intake of these foods. Implementation of future population‐based strategies promoting FV intake not only in mothers, but also in fathers could be an effective public health initiative to increase FV intake in children. Policy‐makers should give special attention to families dwelling in Southern European regions.
Association between physical fitness, body mass index and intelligence quotient in individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Cabeza‐Ruiz R. , Trigo‐Sánchez M. E. , Rodríguez‐Servián M. , Gómez‐Píriz P. T.
Published: September 2021

Background

Physical exercise seems to improve cognitive abilities at different physiological levels. Numerous studies have examined the relationship between physical fitness (PF), physical activity and cognition among populations without intellectual disabilities (ID), but very few have addressed this question with respect to people with ID. This study aimed to determine the correlation between intelligence quotient (IQ) and factors related to PF in healthy adults with ID.

Methods

A multicentre cross‐sectional study was conducted in 91 individuals with ID. All participants were assessed with the K‐BIT tests and the following test items from the SAMU DIS‐FIT Battery: body mass index, handgrip strength (HGS), leg strength, dynamic balance and physical endurance.

Results

Significant differences between men and women were tested by multiple regression. IQ was found to be statistically related to HGS and leg strength, with a medium effect size. Statistical relationships were also found between sex and physical endurance, with a medium effect size, and HGS, with a large effect size.

Conclusions

The study results highlight relationships between the variables of muscular strength and the participants' IQ. Further studies with experimental designs are needed to enhance the understanding of the relationships between PF and cognition in persons with ID.
Introduction: Language and White Supremacy
Authors: Smalls Krystal A. , Spears Arthur K. , Rosa Jonathan
Published: September 2021

The introduction to this special issue frames White supremacy as a central concern within linguistic anthropology, both as a focus of analysis and as a power structure that has profoundly shaped the field’s logics and demographics. We emphasize how carefully attending to language, discourse, and signs can productively illuminate White supremacy’s slippery logics, organizing principles, dynamic infrastructures, and diverse practices. Centering the role of White supremacy in constituting modern sign relations can contribute significantly to linguistic anthropologists’ efforts toward understanding historical and contemporary power structures that organize the dynamic yet systematic interplay between language and context. We hope that this special issue builds constructively on longstanding and more recent linguistic anthropological work that has led us to reconsider the fundamental relationship between language, race, and culture while also pushing our field in important new directions by reconsidering the fundamental relationship between language and racism as a strategy for understanding and contributing to efforts toward combating White supremacy.
Management of premature leaf fall (Marssonina coronaria) of apple with new generation fungicides in the North‐Western Himalayan Region of India
Authors: Watpade Santosh , Kumar Rakesh , Pramanick Kallol Kumar , Shukla Arun Kumar , Kumar Jitender , Mhatre Priyank Hanuman , Sharma Usha
Published: September 2021

In the north‐western Himalayan region of India, premature leaf fall (PLF) caused by Marssonina coronaria is a major disease in apple orchards. Field experiments were conducted at a commercial orchard to evaluate the efficacy of new‐generation fungicides on PLF management during 2018 and 2019. Three contact fungicides (chlorothalonil, propineb and mancozeb), one systemic fungicide (difenoconazole) and four combination products (metiram +pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole) were evaluated against an untreated control (UTC) by applying them at three times at 15‐day intervals to trees of the susceptible apple cultivar ‘Royal Delicious’. Out of all tested treatments, tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin achieved the lowest area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and the greatest yield increase. Similarly fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole also significantly reduced AUDPC and enhanced yield relative to the UTC. Taking into account the cost of the tested products, tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin offered the best benefit‐cost ratio in both years, followed by fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole. Based on these findings, the combination products tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin, fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole can all be recommended to the farmers of the north‐western Himalayan region for PLF management.
Elastography is unable to exclude cirrhosis after sustained virological response in HCV‐infected patients with advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Broquetas Teresa , Herruzo‐Pino Paula , Mariño Zoe , Naranjo Dolores , Vergara Mercedes , Morillas Rosa Mª , Forns Xavier , Carrión José A.
Published: September 2021

Background

Liver fibrosis and transient elastography (TE) correlation in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) after the sustained virological response (SVR) is unknown.

Aims

To evaluate TE accuracy at identifying cirrhosis 3 years after HCV‐eradication.

Methods

Prospective, multi‐centric study including HCV‐cACLD patients before direct‐acting antivirals (DAA). Diagnostic accuracy of TE (area under ROC, AUROC) to identify cirrhosis 3 years after SVR was evaluated.

Results

Among 746 HCV‐infected patients (95.4% with TE ≥10 kPa), 76 (10.2%) underwent a liver biopsy 3 years after SVR. Before treatment, 46 (63%) showed a TE>15 kPa. The TE before DAA was the best variable for predicting cirrhosis (METAVIR, F4) after SVR (AUROC = 0.79). Liver function parameters, serological non‐invasive tests (APRI and FIB‐4), and TE values improved after SVR. However, liver biopsy 3 years after HCV elimination (median time = 38.4 months) showed cirrhosis in 41 (53.9%). Multivariate analysis (OR (95% CI), P) showed that HCV‐genotype 3 (20.81 (2.12‐201.47), .009), and TE before treatment (1.21 (1.09‐1.34), <.001) were the only variables associated with cirrhosis after SVR. However, the accuracy of TE after SVR was poor (AUROC = 0.75) and 6 (27.3%) out of 22 patients with a TE <8 kPa had cirrhosis. Similar results were found with APRI and FIB‐4 scores.

Conclusions

Cirrhosis is present, 3 years after SVR, in more than half of HCV‐cACLD patients even with the normalisation of liver function parameters, serological non‐invasive tests and TE values. The low diagnostic accuracy of non‐invasive methods after SVR reinforces the need for long‐term surveillance.
Nutrition in Nepal: Three decades of commitment to children and women
Authors: Chitekwe Stanley , Torlesse Harriet , Aguayo Victor M.
Published: September 2021

South Asia has made significant progress in reducing child undernutrition. The prevalence of stunting declined by one third between 2000 and 2019; as a result, in 2019, there were 34 million fewer stunted children than in 2000, indicating that progress for child nutrition is possible and is happening at scale. However, no country in South Asia is on track for all nutrition targets of Sustainable Development Goal 2, and the region has the highest prevalence of stunting (33.2%) and wasting (14.8%) in the world. Nepal, the best performing country in the region, narrowly missed the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target to half the prevalence of child underweight between 1990 and 2015 and achieved the fastest recorded reduction in stunting prevalence in the world between 2001 and 2011. In 2019, UNICEF Nepal completed a series of papers to examine Nepal's progress on maternal and child nutrition during the MDG era. The series explores the trends, distribution and disparities in stunting, micronutrient deficiencies and feeding practices in children under 5 years and anaemia in adolescents and women. Besides, it reviews national micronutrient programmes (vitamin A supplementation, iron and folic acid supplementation and universal salt iodization) and Nepal's first Multi‐Sector Nutrition Plan, to illuminate the success factors and enduring challenges in the policy and programme landscape for nutrition. This overview paper summarizes the evidence from these analyses and examines the implications for the direction of future advocacy, policy and programme actions to improve maternal and child nutrition in Nepal and other similar contexts.
RelA binding of mRNAs modulates translation or sRNA‐mRNA basepairing depending on the position of the GGAG site
Authors: Basu Pallabi , Altuvia Shoshy
Published: September 2021

Previously, we reported that RelA protein facilitates Hfq‐mediated mRNA‐sRNA regulation by binding sRNAs carrying a Shine‐Dalgarno‐like GGAG sequence. In turn, sRNA‐Hfq monomers are stabilized, enabling the attachment of more Hfq subunits to form a functional hexamer. Here, using CLIP‐seq, we present a global analysis of RelA‐bound RNAs showing that RelA interacts with sRNAs as well as with mRNAs carrying a GGAG motif. RelA binding of mRNAs carrying GGAG at position −7 relative to the initiation codon (AUG) inhibits translation by interfering with the binding of 30S ribosomes. The extent of inhibition depends on the distance of GGAG relative to the AUG, as shortening the spacing between GGAG and AUG abrogates RelA‐mediated inhibition. Interestingly, RelA binding of target mRNAs carrying GGAG in the coding sequence or close to AUG facilitates target gene regulation by sRNA partners that lack GGAG. However, translation inhibition caused by RelA binding of mRNAs carrying GGAG at position −7 relative to the AUG renders sRNA‐mRNA basepairing regulation ineffective. Our study indicates that by binding RNAs carrying GGAG the ribosome‐associated RelA protein inhibits translation of specific newly synthesized incoming mRNAs or enables basepairing regulation by their respective sRNA partners, thereby introducing a new regulatory concept for the bacterial response.
Oral shedding of herpesviruses and clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Miranda‐Silva Wanessa , de Molla Vinícius Campos , Knebel Franciele Hinterholz , Tozetto‐Mendoza Tania Regina , Arrais‐Rodrigues Celso , Camargo Anamaria Aranha , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To characterize the oral shedding of herpes viruses in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and investigate its relationship with clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic digestion were performed to identify the oral shedding of the members of the Herpesviridae family in 31 patients. The samples were collected from the oral cavity at five timestamps.

Results

The presence of each herpesvirus in the oral cavity was observed in 3.2%, 12.9%, 19.3%, 32.2%, 54.8% and 93.5% patients for human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6A, herpes simplex virus‐1, HHV‐6B, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and HHV‐7, respectively. Oral shedding of herpes virus was not uncommon after alloHSCT. There was a statistically significant association between the EBV and CMV oral shedding at C1 and the cumulative incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD). The results suggested that the presence of HSV‐1 at C2 was related to a relapse. The HHV‐7 oral shedding at C2 suggests a possible link between relapse, progression‐free survival and overall survival of the patients.

Conclusions

Patients who developed aGVHD showed higher CMV and EBV shedding in the oral cavity at aplasia, suggesting modifications to the pattern of immune cell response and inflammatory microenvironment.
Shifts between cooperation and antagonism driven by individual variation: a systematic synthesis review
Authors: Moran Nicholas P. , Caspers Barbara A. , Chakarov Nayden , Ernst Ulrich R. , Fricke Claudia , Kurtz Joachim , Lilie Navina D. , Lo Lai Ka , Müller Caroline , R Reshma , Takola Elina , Trimmer Pete C. , van Benthem Koen J. , Winternitz Jamie , Wittmann Meike J.
Published: September 2021

The outcomes of interspecific and intraspecific ecological interactions can be considered to fall along continua from cooperative (mutually beneficial) to antagonistic (detrimental to one or both parties). Furthermore, the position of an interaction outcome along the continuum, for example whether a symbiont provides net costs or benefits to its host, or whether two conspecifics cooperatively forage or compete for food, is often not fixed but can change over time or across contexts. In this systematic review, we investigate the role of intraspecific trait variation (‘ITV') in one or both interacting parties in determining the cooperative‐antagonistic outcome of inter‐ and intraspecific ecological interactions. Based on a literature collection of 96 empirical and theoretical publications meeting our inclusion criteria, we give an overview of the types of interaction continua involved; traits related to outcome variance; and mechanisms as well as constraints on shifts in interactions outcomes. We propose that ITV can lead to shifts in interaction outcomes via two interrelated mechanisms. First,trait frequency effectsoccur when there are changes in a population's composition of traits linked to cooperation or antagonism (e.g. aggressive personality types, cheater phenotypes etc.), leading to net shifts in interaction outcomes. Second,systemic variance effectsoccur where the level of ITV in a trait in a population (as opposed to the mean value) is the factor that influences the cooperative‐antagonistic outcome. Heritable trait differences and phenotypic plasticity are sources of phenotypic variation among individuals, and both the degree of heritability and plasticity of the trait involved may determine whether shifts between cooperation and antagonism are likely to be short‐term (i.e. context‐dependent) or lead to more persistent shifts (e.g. mutualism breakdown). To guide future research, we describe knowledge gaps and divergences between empirical and theoretical literature, highlighting the value of applying evidence synthesis methods in ecology and evolution.
Significantly less inappropriate shocks in ischemic patients compared to non‐ischemic patients: The S‐ICD experience of a high volume single‐center
Authors: Oosterwerff Erik , Adiyaman Ahmet , Elvan Arif , Ghani Abdul , Hoek Lennaert , Breeman Karel , Smit Jaap Jan , Ramdat Misier Anand , Delnoy Peter Paul
Published: September 2021

Background

The subcutaneous cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) continues to be preferentially used in relatively young patients, with less advanced heart disease.

Objective

We, therefore, studied the short and long‐term efficacy and safety of the S‐ICD in subgroups of patients, which are underreported at present.

Methods

A total of 218 patients between November 2010 and February 2019 undergoing S‐ICD with a follow up of at least 6 months implantation were included in a prospective registry. Mean follow up was 38 months.

Results

The most common indication for S‐ICD implantation was ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 106, 49%). Complication rate needing invasive intervention was 9% (n = 21). Appropriate shock rate in patients with an S‐ICD was 3.5%/year. A total of 30 inappropriate shocks (IAS) occurred in 19 patients (8.7%; 2.7%/year). The proportion of appropriate and inappropriate shock rates in patients with different cardiomyopathies shows remarkable variances. There were significant more IAS (3.6%/year vs. 1.7%/year, p = .048) in patients with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy versus patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Multivariate analysis identified, besides type of cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation (AF) as predictor for IAS.

Conclusion

In this real‐world prospective registry we analyzed S‐ICD performance in the more traditional ICD patient. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy had significantly less inappropriate therapy compared to patients with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy and appear to be appropriate patients for this type of device.
Disruption of the circadian rhythms and its relationship with pediatric obesity
Authors: Kawai Masanobu
Published: September 2021

The circadian clock system is an evolutionarily conserved system by which organisms adapt their metabolic activities to environmental inputs, including nutrient availability. The disruption of this system has been pathogenically linked to the disintegration of metabolic homeostasis, leading to the development of metabolic complications, including obesity. Lifestyle factors that disrupt this system have been found to be associated with the development of metabolic disorder, which is most evidenced by the finding that shift workers are at an increased risk of developing various disorders, such as obesity and obesity‐related complications. Lifestyle factors that contribute to a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms have also been identified in children. A short sleep duration and skipping breakfast are prevalent in children and there is mounting evidence that these factors are associated with an increased risk of pediatric obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. Our current understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors that cause a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms on the development of pediatric obesity is summarized herein, with a discussion of potential mechanistic factors.
Effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after embryo transfer on the pregnancy rate in cattle
Authors: Karasahin Tahir , Alkan Hasan , Satilmis Fatma , Dursun Sukru , Erdem Huseyin
Published: September 2021

Contents

This study aimed to determine the effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after the transfer of in vivo produced embryos to Angus (cows) and Holstein (cows and heifers) breeds of cattle on pregnancy rate. Holstein cows were used as donors in the study. A double dose of prostaglandin F2α was administered to the recipient animals for synchronization. Uterine flushing was performed in donors on day 7 after artificial insemination. A total of 295 transferable embryos were obtained. These embryos were transferred to Angus cows (n = 85), Holstein heifers (n = 80) and Holstein cows (n = 130). After the transfer, these animals were divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup (TI) was administered flunixin meglumine during embryo transfer, and the second subgroup (TII) was administered flunixin meglumine both during embryo transfer and on days 8 and 9 after the transfer. The third subgroup (TIII) was not administered anything and it was considered the control group. Pregnancy examination of the recipients was performed on days 30–35 after the transfer using real‐time ultrasonography. The pregnancy rates after embryo transfer were found to be 43.52% in Angus cows, 42.5% in Holstein heifers, and 24.61% in Holstein cows (p < .05). When the animals were not classified according to breed, the pregnancy rates in subgroups TI, TII and TIII were found to be 29.29%, 45.10% and 29.79%, respectively (p < .05). In addition, the pregnancy rates were higher in TII and TIII subgroups of Angus cows and Holstein heifers compared to that of Holstein cows (p < .05). As a result, the pregnancy rates obtained after embryo transfer in Angus cows and Holstein heifers were found to be higher than that in Holstein cows. In addition, it was concluded that the administration of flunixin meglumine during and during/after embryo transfer has a positive effect on pregnancy rates in Angus cows and Holstein heifers.
A Downscaling Approach to Compare COVID-19 Count Data from Databases Aggregated at Different Spatial Scales
Authors: Python Andre , Bender Andreas , Blangiardo Marta , Illian Janine B. , Lin Ying , Liu Baoli , Lucas Tim C.D. , Tan Siwei , Wen Yingying , Svanidze Davit , Yin Jianwei
Published: September 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten various regions around the world, obtaining accurate and reliable COVID-19 data is crucial for governments and local communities aiming at rigorously assessing the extent and magnitude of the virus spread and deploying efficient interventions. Using data reported between January and February 2020 in China, we compared counts of COVID-19 from near-real-time spatially disaggregated data (city level) with fine-spatial scale predictions from a Bayesian downscaling regression model applied to a reference province-level data set. The results highlight discrepancies in the counts of coronavirus-infected cases at the district level and identify districts that may require further investigation.
Emotional dysfunction in avoidant personality disorder and borderline personality disorder: A cross‐sectional comparative study
Authors: FREDERIKSEN CHRISTINA , SOLBAKKEN OLE ANDRÉ , LICHT RASMUS W. , JØRGENSEN CARSTEN RENÉ , RODRIGO‐DOMINGO MARIA , KJAERSDAM TELLÉUS GRY
Published: September 2021

According to the literature, avoidant personality disorder (APD) is often overlooked in research on personality disorders. In the present study, patients with APD were compared to patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with respect to emotional dysfunction. Emotional dysfunction was operationalized through the Affect Integration Inventory. Sixty‐one patients receiving treatment at specialized outpatient hospital facilities for either BPD (n = 25) or APD (n = 36) (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition) were included in a cross‐sectional study. Supporting our expectations of no difference in the global capacity for affect integration between groups, the estimated difference was 0.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.53, 0.53]). On the other hand, the expected increased dysfunction in APD regarding Expression could not be confirmed. Furthermore, problems with specific affects distinguished the groups; integration of Interest was worse in APD (p = 0.01), whereas integration of Jealousy was worse in BPD (p = 0.04). In terms of prototypical modes of experiencing affects, APD was characterized by decreased access to the motivational properties of Interest (p < 0.01), while BPD was more driven by Interest (p < 0.01), Anger (p < 0.01), and Jealousy (p = 0.01). In conclusion, even though the two disorders are characterized by similar overall levels of emotional dysfunction, they differ systematically and predictably regarding specific affects and modes of experiencing. These findings carry implications for the understanding of emotional dysfunction in APD and BPD, suggesting specific areas of emotional dysfunction that could be targeted in tailored psychotherapeutic interventions.
Investigating pathological narcissism and loneliness, and the link with life satisfaction
Authors: Kealy David , Woolgar Sarah , Hewitt Jackson M. A.
Published: September 2021

Loneliness is a significant health concern that may be influenced by dispositional features. Pathological narcissism may elevate loneliness through aversive interpersonal behaviors and negative social appraisals. The present study examined two dimensions of pathological narcissism, along with five‐factor personality traits, in relation to loneliness among 120 young adults. Loneliness was also examined as a mediator between pathological narcissism and satisfaction with life. Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability were both significantly associated with loneliness. Multiple regression analysis, including five‐factor traits, revealed narcissistic vulnerability to be uniquely associated with loneliness, along with neuroticism. Mediation analysis also found an indirect effect of narcissistic vulnerability on reduced satisfaction with life, through loneliness as a mediator. These preliminary findings point to future research needs and potential clinical consideration of narcissistic vulnerability as a dispositional risk factor for loneliness.
Sports elites, counter‐stereotypical statements, and immigration attitudes
Authors: Wilkinson Betina Cutaia , Michelson Melissa R. , Webster Alexis
Published: September 2021

Objective

Political and social elite rhetoric can have a robust impact on individuals’ policy stances, particularly when recipients of persuasive messages share an in‐group identity with the messenger and when the information is counter‐stereotypical. In this study, we build on Harrison and Michelson's (2017) theory of dissonant identity priming (TDIP) and examine an understudied topic, the effectiveness of National Football League (NFL) elite pro‐immigration statements in shifting individuals’ perspectives on immigration topics.

Methods

We explore this question using two unique randomized survey experiments, one conducted face‐to‐face with residents of Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, and one using a national Internet‐based sample.

Results

We find little support for our expectation that counter‐stereotypical messages on immigration and immigrants delivered by NFL elites can be effective in shaping the views of their shared in‐groups (those who are NFL fans or those who share their race).

Conclusion

While TDIP can explain individuals’ shift in support of same‐sex marriage, we cannot say the same for the effectiveness of sports elites’ statements on immigration and immigrants.
Behaviors of a Hole-Pattern Seal With Wet-Gas
Authors: Zhang Min , Childs Dara W.
Published: September 2021

Hole-pattern (HP) seals are widely used in centrifugal compressors to control leakage. This paper investigates the behaviors of an HP with wet-gas mixtures. The mixture consists of oil and air with inlet liquid volume fraction (LVF) up to 8%. Injecting oil into the air stream increases the leakage mass flowrate. Direct stiffness K is frequency-dependent and increases with increasing excitation frequency Ω. Injecting oil into the airflow makes this stiffening effect more pronounced. At low frequencies, increasing inlet LVF shows no appreciable impact on K; however, as Ω increases, the effects of changing LVF become more pronounced; i.e., at high frequencies, increasing LVF increases K. The effective damping Ceff value at half of the running speed is indicative of the system stability because many compressor rotors frequently show instabilities at ∼50% of the running speed. At 50% of the running speed, Ceff is positive, and it increases with increasing inlet LVF. Predictions based on San Andrés's (2011) homogenous-mixture bulk-flow model show a good agreement with test results for leakage mass flowrate, K, and the Ceff value near 50% of the running speed. When Ω = 0.5ω, the predicted value of Ceff is smaller than the measured value by ∼12.5%, giving a safe margin for the compressor design.
An integrated underwater soundscape analysis in the Bering Strait region
Authors: McKenna Megan F. , Southall Brandon L. , Chou Emily , Robards Martin , Rosenbaum Howard C.
Published: September 2021

Rapid changes in the Arctic from shifting climate and human use patterns are affecting previously reported distributions and movements of marine mammals. The underwater soundscape, a key component of marine mammal habitats, is also changing. This study integrates acoustic data, collected at a site in the northern Bering Sea, with information on sound sources to quantify their occurrence throughout the year and identify deviations in conditions and dominant soundscape components. Predictive models are applied to explain variation in sound levels and to compare the relative contributions of various soundscape components. Levels across all octave bands were influenced most strongly by the variation in abiotic environment across seasons. The presence of commercial ships did not have a discernible effect on sound levels at this location and period of time. The occurrence of sources was compared to a second site, where we documented how higher levels of shipping changed that soundscape. This study demonstrated the value of acoustic monitoring to characterize the dominant acoustic features in a soundscape and the importance of preserving soundscapes based on dominant features rather than level of sound. Using a soundscape approach has relevance for protecting marine mammals and for the food security of Alaska Native communities that depend upon them.
Temporal teleportation with pseudo-density operators: How dynamics emerges from temporal entanglement
Authors: Marletto Chiara , Vedral Vlatko , Virzì Salvatore , Avella Alessio , Piacentini Fabrizio , Gramegna Marco , Degiovanni Ivo Pietro , Genovese Marco
Published: September 2021

A teleportation protocol is presented, reproducing the quantum dynamical evolution by teleporting quantum states in time.
Extinction of austral diatoms in response to large-scale climate dynamics in Antarctica
Authors: Pinseel Eveline , Van de Vijver Bart , Wolfe Alexander P. , Harper Margaret , Antoniades Dermot , Ashworth Allan C. , Ector Luc , Lewis Adam R. , Perren Bianca , Hodgson Dominic A. , Sabbe Koen , Verleyen Elie , Vyverman Wim
Published: September 2021

Miocene and Pleistocene paleolake sediments provide a unique view on the evolution of continental Antarctica’s diatom flora.
The carrier transition from Li atoms to Li vacancies in solid-state lithium alloy anodes
Authors: Lu Yang , Zhao Chen-Zi , Zhang Rui , Yuan Hong , Hou Li-Peng , Fu Zhong-Heng , Chen Xiang , Huang Jia-Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2021

The carrier alternation from Li atoms to Li vacancies leads to interface instability in solid-state lithium alloy anodes.
Quantum computational advantage using photons
Authors: Zhong Han-Sen , Wang Hui , Deng Yu-Hao , Chen Ming-Cheng , Peng Li-Chao , Luo Yi-Han , Qin Jian , Wu Dian , Ding Xing , Hu Yi , Hu Peng , Yang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Wei-Jun , Li Hao , Li Yuxuan , Jiang Xiao , Gan Lin , Yang Guangwen , You Lixing , Wang Zhen , Li Li , Liu Nai-Le , Lu Chao-Yang , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: September 2021

A light approach to quantum advantage

Quantum computational advantage or supremacy is a long-anticipated milestone toward practical quantum computers. Recent work claimed to have reached this point, but subsequent work managed to speed up the classical simulation and pointed toward a sample size–dependent loophole. Quantum computational advantage, rather than being a one-shot experimental proof, will be the result of a long-term competition between quantum devices and classical simulation. Zhong
et al.
sent 50 indistinguishable single-mode squeezed states into a 100-mode ultralow-loss interferometer and sampled the output using 100 high-efficiency single-photon detectors. By obtaining up to 76-photon coincidence, yielding a state space dimension of about 10
30
, they measured a sampling rate that is about 10
14
-fold faster than using state-of-the-art classical simulation strategies and supercomputers.

Science
, this issue p.
1460
Wolframin-1–expressing neurons in the entorhinal cortex propagate tau to CA1 neurons and impair hippocampal memory in mice
Authors: Delpech Jean-Christophe , Pathak Dhruba , Varghese Merina , Kalavai Srinidhi Venkatesan , Hays Emma C. , Hof Patrick R. , Johnson W. Evan , Ikezu Seiko , Medalla Maria , Luebke Jennifer I. , Ikezu Tsuneya
Published: September 2021

Wolframin-1–positive neurons in the entorhinal cortex of mouse brain propagate tau to the hippocampal CA1 region resulting in memory impairment.
Pantothenate kinase activation relieves coenzyme A sequestration and improves mitochondrial function in mice with propionic acidemia
Authors: Subramanian Chitra , Frank Matthew W. , Tangallapally Rajendra , Yun Mi-Kyung , Edwards Anne , White Stephen W. , Lee Richard E. , Rock Charles O. , Jackowski Suzanne
Published: September 2021

Therapeutic relief of CoA sequestration improves mitochondrial dysfunction in a propionic acidemia mouse model.
Static lung storage at 10°C maintains mitochondrial health and preserves donor organ function
Authors: Ali Aadil , Wang Aizhou , Ribeiro Rafaela V. P. , Beroncal Erika L. , Baciu Cristina , Galasso Marcos , Gomes Bruno , Mariscal Andrea , Hough Olivia , Brambate Edson , Abdelnour-Berchtold Etienne , Michaelsen Vinicius , Zhang Yu , Gazzalle Anajara , Fan Eddy , Brochard Laurent , Yeung Jonathan , Waddell Tom , Liu Mingyao , Andreazza Ana C. , Keshavjee Shaf , Cypel Marcelo
Published: September 2021

Static storage of donor lungs at 10°C enhances mitochondrial protection and is a clinically feasible option to extend viable lung preservation times.
What have we learned from the COVID-19 plague?
Authors: Plotkin Stanley A.
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating, but it enables us to learn from it and prepare for the next pandemic disease.
Immunophenotyping and Transcriptional Profiling of Human Plasmablasts in Dengue
Authors: Aggarwal Charu , Saini Keshav , Reddy Elluri Seetharami , Singla Mohit , Nayak Kaustuv , Chawla Yadya M. , Maheshwari Deepti , Singh Prabhat , Sharma Pragati , Bhatnagar Priya , Kumar Sanjeev , Gottimukkala Kamalvishnu , Panda Harekrushna , Gunisetty Sivaram , Davis Carl W. , Kissick Haydn Thomas , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Lodha Rakesh , Medigeshi Guruprasad R. , Ahmed Rafi , Murali-Krishna Kaja , Chandele Anmol
Published: September 2021

Dengue is globally spreading, with over 100 million clinical cases annually, with symptoms ranging from mild self-limiting febrile illness to more severe and sometimes life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock, especially among children. The pathophysiology of dengue is complex and remains poorly understood despite many advances indicating a key role for antibody-dependent enhancement of infection.
Infection of Glia by Human Pegivirus Suppresses Peroxisomal and Antiviral Signaling Pathways
Authors: Doan M. A. L. , Roczkowsky A. , Smith M. , Blevins G. , van Landeghem F. K. H. , Gelman B. B. , Branton W. G. , Stapleton J. T. , Hobman T. C. , Power C.
Published: September 2021

Human pegiviruses are detected in 1 to 5% of the general population, principally infecting leukocytes, although their effects on human health remain uncertain. Here, we show that human pegivirus infects specific neural cell types in culture and human brain and, like other neurotropic flaviviruses, causes suppression of peroxisome and antiviral signaling pathways, which could favor ongoing viral infection and perhaps confer susceptibility to the development of neurological disease.
The NF-κB Transcriptional Footprint Is Essential for SARS-CoV-2 Replication
Authors: Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Uhl Skyler , Grimont Adrien , Doane Ashley S. , Cohen Phillip , Patel Roosheel S. , Higgins Christina A. , Acklin Joshua A. , Bram Yaron , Chandar Vasuretha , Blanco-Melo Daniel , Panis Maryline , Lim Jean K. , Elemento Olivier , Schwartz Robert E. , Rosenberg Brad R. , Chandwani Rohit , tenOever Benjamin R.
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant mortality and morbidity around the world. Although effective vaccines have been developed, large parts of the world remain unvaccinated while new SARS-CoV-2 strains keep emerging.
Virulence of Enterovirus A71 Fluctuates Depending on the Phylogenetic Clade Formed in the Epidemic Year and Epidemic Region
Authors: Kobayashi Kyousuke , Nishimura Hidekazu , Mizuta Katsumi , Nishizawa Tomoha , Chu Son T. , Ichimura Hiroshi , Koike Satoshi
Published: September 2021

Outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with severe enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) cases have occurred repeatedly, mainly in Asia. In severe cases, central nervous system complications can lead to death, making it an infectious disease of importance to public health.
Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Haemophilus Colonizing the Airways of Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Watts Stephen C. , Judd Louise M. , Carzino Rosemary , Ranganathan Sarath , Holt Kathryn E.
Published: September 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease begins during infancy, and acute respiratory infections increase the risk of early disease development and progression. Microbes involved in advanced stages of CF are well characterized, but less is known about early respiratory colonizers.
Cigarette Smoking and Opium Use in Relation to the Oral Microbiota in Iran
Authors: Wu Zeni , Han Yongli , Caporaso J. Gregory , Bokulich Nicholas , Mohamadkhani Ashraf , Moayyedkazemi Alireza , Hua Xing , Kamangar Farin , Wan Yunhu , Suman Shalabh , Zhu Bin , Hutchinson Amy , Dagnall Casey , Jones Kristine , Hicks Belynda , Shi Jianxin , Malekzadeh Reza , Abnet Christian C. , Pourshams Akram , Vogtmann Emily
Published: September 2021

Cigarette smoking and opium use are associated with periodontal disease caused by specific bacteria such as
Porphyromonas gingivalis
, which suggests a link between cigarette smoking and opium use and the oral microbiota. Alterations of the oral microbiota in cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers have been reported, but this has not been studied across diverse populations.
Multiple Mechanisms of Tigecycline Resistance in
Enterobacteriaceae
from a Pig Farm, China
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Han , Mei Cai-Yue , Wang Yan , Wang Zhen-Yu , Lu Meng-Jun , Pan Zhi-Ming , Jiao Xinan
Published: September 2021

As a last-resort antimicrobial agent to treat serious infections, the emergence and spread of tigecycline resistance in
Enterobacteriaceae
and
Acinetobacter
have raised global concerns. Multiple mechanisms mediate tigecycline resistance in
Enterobacteriaceae
, such as the monooxygenase Tet(X), mutations in Tet proteins, and overexpression of efflux pumps.