bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saint-Marcet – a forgotten castle
Authors: Brousse Jean-Louis
Published: August 2024

The castle of St Marcet was in the 13th and 14th centuries the largest stronghold in the county of Comminges, from Spain to Muret. Its powerful neighbours, Toulouse, English Bigorre, Armagnac and Astarac, Foix and Aragon, aimed to claim this land for themselves. A delicate partition of the castle between the counts and the bishops of Comminges weakened the building. This succinct evocation makes one aware of the complexity of the historical context and the disorder that results from it: the diversity, the opportunity of matrimonial and political alliances, the wars between neighbours. The richness of its history, illustrated by the 20 years of captivity of the famous and powerful Countess Marguerite de Comminges, gave this place all its interest and even saved it. The owner, Jean-Marc Fontan, has been working for nearly 20 years to rehabilitate this vast estate on a site that is difficult to access and complicated.
Factors influencing larval coregonine spatial distribution in Lake Geneva (Europe) and Lake Superior (North America) during a single season near known spawning sites
Authors: Dobosenski Jamie A. , Yule Daniel L. , Guillard Jean , Anneville Orlane , Isaac Edmund J. , Stockwell Jason D. , Myers Jared T. , Ackiss Amanda S. , Chapina Rosaura J. , Moore Seth A.
Published: August 2024

Survival rate of the larval stage is an important driver of fish recruitment. To understand mechanisms regulating larval survival it is important to understand the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors that shape larval spatial distributions. We studied larval Coregonus distributions in surface waters (surface to 1 m) by repeatedly sampling study sites in two lakes that varied greatly in trophic state and regional climate. We evaluated the importance of bathymetric depth, Julian Day, edible zooplankton densities (EZ, ind. L−1) and wind vectors on larval spatial distributions using generalized additive modeling. In both systems, larval counts declined in a negative exponential fashion with bathymetric depth, indicating shallow depths are critical nursery habitat. The north-south wind vectors and Julian Day (which was positively correlated with surface temperature) influenced larval distributions in Lake Geneva with larval counts related to both variables linearly, whereas the east-west wind vector and EZ were unimportant. Highest larval counts were during an offshore south wind and declined slightly with Julian Day. In Lake Superior, bathymetric depth and the east-west wind vector influenced larval distributions and were unrelated to EZ, Julian Day, and the north-south wind vector. Larval counts were highest when onshore southwest winds preceded sampling. Differences in how wind affected larval distribution (offshore vs. onshore) might be related to larval size with Lake Superior larvae considerably smaller (average length 12.9 mm vs. 15.9 mm); thus, more apt to be subjected to advection. Within coastal waters, Julian Day and wind vectors influence distributions, but their importance seemingly varies lake-to-lake.
Expertenkommentar
Authors: Kolac Corinna
Published: August 2024

Die Polycythaemia vera ist eine seltene und chronische myeloproliferative Neoplasie. Primäre Therapieziele zielen darauf ab, Thrombosen und eine Myelofibrose zu vermeiden und die klinischen Symptome zu verbessern. Seit dem Jahr 2019 ist Ropeginterferon alfa-2b zur Behandlung von erwachsenen Patienten mit Polycythaemia vera ohne symptomatische Splenomegalie zugelassen und in die Leitlinie als Erstlinienoption nach Basistherapie mit Aderlass und Acetylsalicylsäure aufgenommen. Über aktuelle Trends in der Behandlung der Polycythaemia vera sprachen wir mit Herrn Dr. Hans-Guido Holl, Stuttgart.
Neonatologische Bildgebung: Von Kontrastmittel-Ultraschall bis Bedside-MRT
Authors: Born Mark
Published: August 2024

Die Bildgebungsmodalität der ersten Wahl ist die Sonografie. Bei durch die Sonografie nicht zu beantwortenden Fragen kommt zur weiteren Abklärung die MRT zur Anwendung, die sich in den ersten Lebenswochen in der Regel sogar ohne Sedierung durchführen lässt. Neben der Sonografie ist jedoch auch die konventionelle Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax und, bei entsprechenden Fragestellungen, des Abdomens auch beim Neugeborenen unverzichtbar. Die Computertomografie kommt hingegen nur bei sehr wenigen, speziellen Fragestellungen wie z. B. in Notfallsituationen oder bei manchen konnatalen Lungenfehlbildungen zum Einsatz. In vielen Fällen lassen sich heutzutage jedoch auch pulmonale Fragestellungen durch die Magnetresonanztomografie beantworten. MRT-kompatible Transportinkubatoren vereinfachen den Umgang mit kritisch kranken Neugeborenen im MRT. Bettseitige MRT-Geräte für die neonatale Intensivstation sind inzwischen erhältlich, und ihr Einsatz wird derzeit geprüft.
Dynamik der zirkulierenden DNA mit Therapieansprechen assoziiert
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: August 2024

In der Phase-III-Studie AEGEAN (NCT03800134) wurden bei Patient*innen mit resektablem nicht kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) im Frühstadium (IIA–IIIB) unter der Therapie mit Durvalumab (Imfinzi®) plus neoadjuvante Chemotherapie vor und nach der OP als adjuvante Monotherapie eine signifikante und klinisch bedeutsame Verlängerung des ereignisfreien Überlebens (EFS) im Vergleich zu einer alleinigen neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie mit anschließender OP erzielt. Eine neue Analyse der Dynamik der zirkulierenden DNA (ctDNA) zeigt jetzt eine signifikante Assoziation mit dem Therapieansprechen.
Den Kombinationstherapien gehört die Zukunft
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: August 2024

Als Reaktion auf die Entwicklung von Resistenzen unter der Therapie mit Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren werden auch beim Ösophaguskarzinom unterschiedlichste Immun-Kombinationen untersucht. Gegenwärtig ist der Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitor Nivolumab der neue Standard beim lokal fortgeschrittenen oder metastasierten Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ösophagus, entweder in Kombination mit Ipilimumab oder mit einer Chemotherapie. Die zahlreichen auf der Jahrestagung der American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) präsentierten Kombinationsregime lassen für die kommenden Jahre aber eine Neudefinition möglicher Standardtherapien erwarten.
Prävention mittels Peptidvakzine?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: August 2024

Das duktale Adenokarzinom (PDAC) gehört zu den sehr langsam wachsenden Tumoren des Pankreas. Es bietet damit bei molekularpathologischer Stratifizierung ein langes Zeitfenster für therapeutische Interventionen. Auf dem AACR-Kongress 2024 wurden erste Daten für eine Vakzinierung des KRAS-mutierten duktalen Adenokarzinoms im prämalignen Stadium vorgestellt.
Nichtinvasives Diagnosefenster eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: August 2024

Mithilfe moderner Hochdurchsatz-Gensequenzierungsmethoden konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die breite klinische Heterogenität von Lymphomen in unterschiedlichen genomischen Veränderungen widerspiegelt. Auf dem „West German Lymphoma Symposium“ in Essen umriss Prof. Ash Alizadeh, Stanford, einer der führenden Experten der Liquid-Biopsy-Diagnostik, die Möglichkeiten der molekularen Analyse von Blut auf Tumorzellen oder Tumor-DNA auf dem Weg zu einer personalisierten Tumortherapie.
Synergistische Wirkungen von Kombinationen gezielt nutzen
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: August 2024

Seit einigen Jahren kann man genomische Subgruppen anhand ihrer Mutationssignaturen besser charakterisieren. Damit soll auch die Entwicklung molekular zielgerichteter Response-adaptierter Lymphomtherapien ermöglicht werden. Prof. Louis Staudt vom National Cancer Institute in Bethesda stellte auf dem West German Lymphoma Symposium in Essen Ansätze zur Therapie aggressiver Lymphome mit aggressiven Kombinationen zielgerichteter Therapien am Beispiel der ViPOR-Studie vor.
Studien untersuchen Ansätze mit ICI und Denosumab
Authors: Maugg Doris
Published: August 2024

Die Subgruppe der GeparX-Phase-II-Studie von Patientinnen mit frühem TNBC ohne pathologische Komplettremission (non-pCR) profitierte hinsichtlich des iDFS neoadjuvant von einem wöchentlichen Nap-Paclitaxel-Regime, jedoch nicht von Denosumab (Dmab). In der Phase-III-Studie IMpassion132 war unter Checkpoint-Inhibitor bei fortgeschrittenem TNBC das Gesamtüberleben nicht verbessert.
Rare Presentations of Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Series
Authors: Mondal Sudipta , Shanmugam Sedhupathi , Kumar Swasthi S. , Namboodiri Narayanan , Radhakrishnan Jayakrishnan , Pitchai Shivanesan
Published: August 2024

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a form of large vessel vasculitis that may lead to fibrosis, stenosis, or aneurysm formation of vessels. Its presentation varies depending on the arterial beds involved. We report 3 cases out of around 150 cases of TA with rare initial presentations of brachial plexopathy caused by an axillary artery aneurysm, complicated type A intramural hematoma, and renal artery aneurysms along with abdominothoracic TA presenting as a pulsatile abdominal mass.
Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis and Staging of Gestational Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Mandava Anitha , Koppula Veeraiah , Kandati Meghana , Reddy Arvind K. , Rajappa Senthil J. , Rao T. S.
Published: August 2024

Choriocarcinoma is an uncommon, highly invasive malignancy arising from the placental trophoblastic tissue. Though staging is clinical, imaging has significant role in the diagnosis, staging, prognostic risk scoring, and management of choriocarcinomas. The purpose of this article is to review the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and management of choriocarcinomas in correlation with clinicopathologic findings.
Evaluation of Osteotomy Healing in Boxer Dogs Undergoing Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy Using Two Radiographic Scoring Systems
Authors: Huerta Yael , Filliquist Barbro , Agnello Kimberly A. , Syrcle Jason A. , Chou Po-Yen , Garcia Tanya C. , Massie Anna M.
Published: August 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to (1) compare 5-point and 10-point bone healing radiographic scoring systems using postoperative tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) radiographs and (2) determine whether Boxer osteotomy healing time differs from age-matched Labrador Retrievers.

Study Design This was a multicentre retrospective study. Fifty-eight client-owned dogs undergoing TPLO (29 Boxers and 29 Labrador Retrievers) were included. Five board-certified surgeons evaluated the radiographs three independent times. Osteotomy healing approximately 8 weeks postoperatively was graded using previously reported 5-point and 10-point scoring systems and immediate postoperative radiographs were assessed for the presence of an osteotomy gap of ≥1 mm.

Results Both scoring systems had good consistency among observers. Intraobserver consistency was good in three out of five observers using the 5-point system and in four out of five observers using the 10-point system. Boxers had significantly lower radiographic healing scores at 8 weeks postoperatively compared with Labrador Retrievers using both scoring systems (p ≤ 0.001). The presence of an osteotomy gap postoperatively resulted in significantly lower healing scores at 8 weeks using both scoring systems (p < 0.001) in both breeds.

Conclusion No difference was found in inter- and intraobserver variability between scoring systems. Boxer dogs had lower healing scores at 8 weeks after TPLO compared with Labrador Retrievers. An osteotomy gap of ≥1 mm was associated with lower healing scores.
Characterizing the effects of drive asymmetries, component offsets, and joint gaps in double shell capsule implosions
Authors: Goodarzi S. , Sagert I. , Sauppe J. P. , Keiter P. A. , Loomis E. N. , Sacks R. F. , Mohamed Z. L. , Palaniyappan S. , Merritt E. C. , Haines B. M. , Patterson B. M. , Meyerhofer D. D. , Montgomery D. S. , Schmidt D. W.
Published: August 2024

This work provides a numerical study of how double shell capsule deformations caused by drive asymmetries and fabrication imperfections affect implosion symmetry and neutron yield. Hydrodynamics simulations are performed in two dimensions and focus on low-mode deformations that are caused by corresponding asymmetries in the Hohlraum drive, component offsets, and ablator joint gaps. By providing a parameter study of these features, our goal is to understand the dominant sources for inner shell deformation and yield degradation. The discussed capsules are composed of an aluminum ablator with a chromium inner shell. The latter encloses a carbon-deuterium foam ball that serves as fuel. We find that for clean capsules, even-numbered low-mode asymmetries in the drive are imprinted on the ablator and smoothly transferred to the inner shell during shell collision. The resulting deformation of the inner shell is more pronounced with larger fuel radius, while the yield is inversely proportional to the amplitude of the drive asymmetry and varies by factors ≤4 in comparison with clean simulations. Capsule component offsets in the vertical direction and ablator thickness nonuniformity result in p1-type deformations of the imploding inner shell. Finally, joint gaps have the largest effect in deforming the ablator and inner shell and degrading yield. While small gap widths (1 μm) result in prolate inner shells, larger gap widths (4 μm) cause an oblate deformation. More importantly, capsules with a small outer gap (1 μm) experience a dramatic drop in yield, typically <3% of a clean simulation.
Transport of nonspherical particles in non-Newtonian fluid: A review
Authors: Hu Xiao , Yu Longfei , Atomsa Nebiyu Tariku , Zhao Hongrui
Published: August 2024

The transport of spherical particles in microchannel flow has been extensively studied owing to its relevance to efficient particle control, particularly in high-throughput cytometry and in single-cell detection and analysis. Despite significant advances in the field of inertial microfluidics, however, there remains a need for a deeper understanding of the migration of nonspherical particles in non-Newtonian fluids, given the diverse shapes of particles found in biological and industrial contexts. In this review, the transport behaviors of both spherical and nonspherical particles in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are examined. The current state of knowledge, challenges, and potential opportunities in inertial microfluidics are analyzed, with a focus on the underlying physical mechanisms and the development of novel channel designs. The findings presented here will enhance our understanding of the accumulation behavior of rigid particles in non-Newtonian fluid channel flow and may provide insights into efficient particle focusing and control in microfluidic devices.
Stability, bifurcation, and chaos in a class of scalar quartic polynomial delay systems
Authors: Ye Mengyu , Yang Xiao-Song
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a class of scalar quartic polynomial delay systems is investigated. We found rich dynamics in this system through numerical simulation, including chaotic attractors, chaotic saddles, and intermittent chaos. Moreover, this chaotic quartic system may serve as an approximation, through Taylor expansion, for a wide class of scalar delay differential equations. Thus, these nonlinear systems may exhibit chaotic behaviors, and the studies in our paper may provide an insight into the emergence of chaos in other time-delay nonlinear systems. We also conduct a detailed theoretical analysis of the system, including the stability of equilibria and Hopf bifurcation analysis based on the theory of normal form and center manifold. Additionally, a numerical analysis is provided to give numerical evidence for the existence of chaos.
Plasma-induced damage on the tungsten surface using a kilojoule plasma focus device: Applicable to study the damages on nuclear fusion reactor related materials
Authors: Jain Jalaj , Carrasco Marcos Flores , Moreno Jose , Davis Sergio , Pavez Cristian , Bora Biswajit , Soto Leopoldo
Published: August 2024

Damages induced on the tungsten surface at two different operating conditions of a kilojoule plasma focus device are studied. In one condition, the tungsten samples were exposed to axial plasma shocks that are formed after pinch disruption, and in the other condition, the pinch phenomenon was absent or weak. Melting, craters, and cracking on the surfaces were observed in both cases. In the former case, the charged particle beams and post-pinch material ejection will play a role in impacting the surface; however, in the latter case those phenomena will have small contributions because of the absence or weak formation of the pinch. A damage factor of ∼109 W m−2 s0.5 was estimated at a distance of 3 cm from the pinch exit using the method given in Akel et al. [J. Fusion Energy 35, 694–701 (2016)] and Klimov et al. [J. Nucl. Mater. 390, 721–726 (2009)] for the former case. The present work suggests that at pressures lower than the pinch-occurring pressure, only axial plasma shock effects on the targeted surface can be studied and that they can be separated from the effects produced by the charged particle beams mixed with axial plasma shocks in the case of pinch occurrence.
Augmenting machine learning of Grad–Shafranov equilibrium reconstruction with Green's functions
Authors: McClenaghan J. , Akçay C. , Amara T. B. , Sun X. , Madireddy S. , Lao L. L. , Kruger S. E. , Meneghini O. M.
Published: August 2024

This work presents a method for predicting plasma equilibria in tokamak fusion experiments and reactors. The approach involves representing the plasma current as a linear combination of basis functions using principal component analysis of plasma toroidal current densities (Jt) from the EFIT-AI equilibrium database. Then utilizing EFIT's Green's function tables, basis functions are created for the poloidal flux (ψ) and diagnostics generated from the toroidal current (Jt). Similar to the idea of a physics-informed neural network (NN), this physically enforces consistency between ψ, Jt, and the synthetic diagnostics. First, the predictive capability of a least squares technique to minimize the error on the synthetic diagnostics is employed. The results show that the method achieves high accuracy in predicting ψ and moderate accuracy in predicting Jt with median R2 = 0.9993 and R2 = 0.978, respectively. A comprehensive NN using a network architecture search is also employed to predict the coefficients of the basis functions. The NN demonstrates significantly better performance compared to the least squares method with median R2 = 0.9997 and 0.9916 for Jt and ψ, respectively. The robustness of the method is evaluated by handling missing or incorrect data through the least squares filling of missing data, which shows that the NN prediction remains strong even with a reduced number of diagnostics. Additionally, the method is tested on plasmas outside of the training range showing reasonable results.
Single-pericyte nanomechanics measured by contraction cytometry
Authors: Islam Md. Mydul , Gaska Ignas , Oshinowo Oluwamayokun , Otumala Adiya , Shekhar Shashank , Au Yong Nicholas , Myers David R.
Published: August 2024

Pericytes line the microvasculature throughout the body and play a key role in regulating blood flow by constricting and dilating vessels. However, the biophysical mechanisms through which pericytes transduce microenvironmental chemical and mechanical cues to mediate vessel diameter, thereby impacting oxygen and nutrient delivery, remain largely unknown. This knowledge gap is clinically relevant as numerous diseases are associated with the aberrant contraction of pericytes, which are unusually susceptible to injury. Here, we report the development of a high-throughput hydrogel-based pericyte contraction cytometer that quantifies single-cell contraction forces from murine and human pericytes in different microvascular microenvironments and in the presence of competing vasoconstricting and vasodilating stimuli. We further show that murine pericyte survival in hypoxia is mediated by the mechanical microenvironment and that, paradoxically, pre-treating pericytes to reduce contraction increases hypoxic cell death. Moreover, using the contraction cytometer as a drug-screening tool, we found that cofilin-1 could be applied extracellularly to release murine pericytes from hypoxia-induced contractile rigor mortis and, therefore, may represent a novel approach for mitigating the long-lasting decrease in blood flow that occurs after hypoxic injury.
Martingale solutions and asymptotic behaviors for a stochastic cross-diffusion three-species food chain model with prey-taxis
Authors: Hu Jing , Ren Jie , Zhang Qimin
Published: August 2024

The stochastic food chain model is an important model within the field of ecological research. Since existing models are difficult to describe the influence of cross-diffusion and random factors on the evolution of species populations, this work is concerned with a stochastic cross-diffusion three-species food chain model with prey-taxis, in which the direction of predators’ movement is opposite to the gradient of prey, i.e., a higher density of prey. The existence and uniqueness of martingale solutions are established in a Hilbert space by using the stochastic Galerkin approximation method, the tightness criterion, Jakubowski’s generalization of the Skorokhod theorem, and the Vitali convergence theorem. Furthermore, asymptotic behaviors around the steady states of the stochastic cross-diffusion three-species food chain model in the time mean sense are investigated. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the results of our analysis.
PW laser intensity enhancement by a hollow solid plasma cone
Authors: Zheng Xiaolong , Zhang Xiaomei , Shen Baifei
Published: August 2024

High-intensity lasers are critical for exploring the laser–matter interactions. Here, we propose a scheme to enhance the light intensity of petawatt (PW) lasers. The scheme is based on a hollow solid plasma cone that is formed by the multiphoton ionization of PW lasers. The influence of the length and radius of the cone on laser intensity enhancement is systematically studied. After tight focusing by the plasma cone, the spot size is 1 × 1 μm2. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations predict an intensity enhancement of a laser pulse from 5.3×1021 to 5.5×1022 W/cm2—a ratio of 10. In addition, the focusing position of the laser can be either inside or outside the cone. Such powerful lasers can be used to increase the energy of gamma photons radiated in laser solid–target interactions. PIC simulations reveal that compared with the case without a plasma cone, both the maximum energy and yield of gamma photons are increased significantly. As plasma is robust and resistant to damage at high intensities, the plasma cone should be used as a complementary optical element to achieve higher laser intensity on existing PW laser facilities.
Effect of vibrational excitation on vorticity amplification and transportation in shock/isotropic turbulence interaction: A numerical investigation
Authors: Shi Fangcheng , Guo Peixu , Liu Hongpeng , Wang Tiantian
Published: August 2024

The canonical shock/isotropic turbulence interaction (SITI) at high shock Mach numbers (Ms) is studied by conducting direct numerical simulation (DNS) for thermally perfect gas (TPG) and calorically perfect gas (CPG). Combining DNS with linear interaction analysis (LIA), the amplification of vorticity variance across the shock wave is studied. It is found that the changes in vortical velocity fluctuation amplitude and turbulent length scales under vibrational excitation have a competitive effect on vorticity amplification. The latter is dominant and leads to the transverse vorticity amplification increasing by 32.2% at Ms = 6.0. Based on the LIA theory, a vorticity amplification model for SITI considering vibrational excitation is established. Furthermore, the impact of vibrational excitation on the downstream vorticity transportation is examined through an analysis of the transport equation. The vibrational excitation strengthens both the vortex stretching and viscous dissipation of streamwise vorticity but only alters the viscous dissipation of transverse vorticity. Then, the vorticity transportations of different turbulent structures for CPG and TPG are compared. The comparison indicates that the increment of vortex stretching for streamwise vorticity variance is sustained by the enhanced turbulent structures corresponding to the stable-node/saddle/saddle, and the rapid decay of transverse vorticity variance for TPG is associated with the enhanced viscous dissipation of the nonfocal turbulent structure.
Decoherence ensures convergence of non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with number of states
Authors: Liu Dongyu , Wang Bipeng , Vasenko Andrey S. , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: August 2024

Non-adiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful approach for studying far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics in photophysical and photochemical systems. Most NA-MD methods are developed and tested with few-state models, and their validity with complex systems involving many states is not well studied. By modeling intraband equilibration and interband recombination of charge carriers in MoS2, we investigate the convergence of three popular NA-MD algorithms, fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH), global flux surface hopping (GFSH), and decoherence induced surface hopping (DISH) with the number of states. Only the standard DISH algorithm converges with the number of states and produces Boltzmann equilibrium. Unitary propagation of the wave function in FSSH and GFSH violates the Boltzmann distribution, leads to internal inconsistency between time-dependent Schrödinger equation state populations and trajectory counts, and produces non-convergent results. Introducing decoherence in FSSH and GFSH by collapsing the wave function fixes these problems. The simplified version of DISH that omits projecting out the occupied state and is applicable to few-state systems also causes problems when the number of states is increased. We discuss the algorithmic application of wave function collapse and Boltzmann detailed balance and provide detailed FSSH, GFSH, and DISH flow charts. The use of convergent NA-MD methods is highly important for modeling complicated quantum processes involving multiple states. Our findings provide the basis for investigating quantum dynamics in realistic complex systems.
Colloquialisation
Authors: Mair Christian
Published: August 2024

Surveying a representative sample of studies of colloquialisation, a tendency for written norms to move closer to
spoken usage, the chapter explores:

the relationship between colloquialisation, operationalised in exclusively linguistic terms, and
informalisation and democratisation, two processes primarily targeting wider sociocultural change, and

complications arising when colloquialisation is extended beyond its original domain of application,
standard written English of the ENL type.

There are two major findings. Colloquialisation works less well in the study of ESL varieties than ENL ones. In
addition, recent real-time analyses of change in spoken English suggest that the supposedly homogeneous baseline style of informal
conversational English is more internally variable than is assumed in current work on colloquialisation.
Speaking for the downtrodden
Authors: Tyrkkö Jukka , Raineri Sophie , Räikkönen Jenni , Budirská Alžběta , Nabawy Mai , Silfver Amanda
Published: August 2024

Most linguistic studies of political speaking in the field of critical discourse analysis tend to focus on
speeches delivered by prominent politicians either in a domestic party-political setting or in the international arena. Less
attention has been afforded to speeches by civil rights activists and campaigners for other progressive causes. To fill this gap,
the present paper focuses on political speaking occurring outside of the party-political setting. The data comprises 120 American
activist speeches from the years 1808–2016. The analysis focuses on the construction of ingroups and outgroups, and whether the
use of personal pronouns is affected by the type of audience. The frequency trends bring forth new information about the
referential complexity of pronouns within individual speeches.
Family, politics and media
Authors: Baker Helen , McEnery Tony
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we utilise the Nineteenth Century Newspaper Corpus to examine reporting
surrounding William Gladstone’s Midlothian campaign, a key point in the democratization of British politics where a politician not
only communicated with ordinary people through hustings but indirectly to a wider electorate via media reporting of those
hustings. With the use of social actor analysis (van Leeuwen 2008), approached through
collocation, we find that a distinctive feature of media reporting was a focus on Gladstone’s family. This surprising intersection
of family and electioneering reveals a powerful hierarchy of social relationships in terms of gender and seniority, which became
an effective propaganda strategy as Gladstone, enabled by Liberal-supporting newspapers, utilised his family as a political
tool.
Pseudo matrix sluicing constructions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Liu Chi-Ming Louis
Published: August 2024

Speakers of Mandarin Chinese have a variety of ways to respond to others, one of which is the employment of a single wh-phrase to form a follow-up question. However, using a short wh-phrase to ask a question is not without any restrictions. Sometimes, the antecedent sentence needs to contain an indefinite NP, while at other times it does not. I first consider the possibility of applying the movement and ellipsis approach and the base-generation approach to these Mandarin short wh-phrase questions. Given the fact that neither of these analyses captures the syntactic properties of this type of question in Mandarin Chinese, I propose to deal with it in terms of an analysis that is based on LF-copying. More specifically, I propose that the wh-phrase in a short wh-phrase question is base-generated in the Spec of CP, which is followed by an empty IP in the underlying and surface structure. When this structure is processed at LF, it becomes interpretable after the antecedent IP is copied into the empty IP position. Since the wh-phrase remains in its original position throughout the derivation, I call this type of question a pseudo matrix sluicing construction. This analysis not only successfully accounts for the derivation of Mandarin short wh-questions, but also respects the fact that Mandarin Chinese is a wh-in-situ as well as a non-preposition-stranding language.
INPP4B promotes PDAC aggressiveness via PIKfyve and TRPML-1–mediated lysosomal exocytosis
Authors: Saffi Golam T. , To Lydia , Kleine Nicholas , Melo Ché M.P. , Chen Keyue , Genc Gizem , Lee K.C. Daniel , Chow Jonathan Tak-Sum , Jang Gun Ho , Gallinger Steven , Botelho Roberto J. , Salmena Leonardo
Published: August 2024

Aggressive solid malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), can exploit lysosomal exocytosis to modify the tumor microenvironment, enhance motility, and promote invasiveness. However, the molecular pathways through which lysosomal functions are co-opted in malignant cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase, Type II (INPP4B) overexpression in PDAC is associated with PDAC progression. We show that INPP4B overexpression promotes peripheral dispersion and exocytosis of lysosomes resulting in increased migratory and invasive potential of PDAC cells. Mechanistically, INPP4B overexpression drives the generation of PtdIns(3,5)P2 on lysosomes in a PIKfyve-dependent manner, which directs TRPML-1 to trigger the release of calcium ions (Ca2+). Our findings offer a molecular understanding of the prognostic significance of INPP4B overexpression in PDAC through the discovery of a novel oncogenic signaling axis that orchestrates migratory and invasive properties of PDAC via the regulation of lysosomal phosphoinositide homeostasis.
Controllable location-dependent frequency conversion based on space-time transformation optics
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Gao Xiaoke , Wang Jiawei , Ma Xikui , Dong Tianyu
Published: August 2024

Electromagnetic wave frequency conversion is a fundamental technique in telecommunications, especially the conversion from a single-frequency source to a multi-frequency output or a continuous spectra spread throughout space or time. By linking the differential intervals between the physical and virtual space with the ratio of the desired wavelength and the original wavelength, we can derive the mapping between the virtual and physical space-time within the space-time transformation optics (TO). With the functional magneto-electric coupling medium induced from the mapping, we demonstrate a class of converters that can generate arbitrary wavelength and location-dependent frequency distribution on a one-dimensional transmission line. Moreover, we have shown that multiple converters can be deliberately arranged both in the spatial and temporal dimension to achieve long-lasting time-varying frequency and space-time lens that can serve as a compressor and stretcher in chirp pulse amplification. Our concept for wave manipulation based on space-time TO may prepare the ground for a general solution to frequency conversion in various fields.
Plasma and metasurface composite absorber based on topology optimization
Authors: Guo Shiping , Dong Gouxiang , Chen Jianzhong , Chen Xiaoming
Published: August 2024

This work uses topology optimization methods to interactively design the plasma and metasurface loaded by resistance film, and obtains a composite absorber with good absorption effect. Genetic algorithm is used to find the minimum reflectivity of the composite absorber of plasma and metasurfaces, and after decoding, determine the corresponding topological structure of metasurface units and the optimal values of other parameters of the composite absorber. The optimized composite absorber maintains an absorption rate of over 95% in a wide frequency range of 5 GHz–18 GHz. This broadband absorption effect is caused by the superposition of the absorption performance of plasma and metasurface. In addition, due to the central symmetric configuration of the metasurface unit, the composite absorber has good polarization insensitivity characteristics, and it still has broadband absorbing ability in the case of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves obliquely incident. Thus, the proposed composite absorber designed based on topology optimization method has a wide frequency band, wide incidence angle, high absorption rate, and polarization insensitive absorbing effect. The topology optimization method is used for the design of the proposed composite absorber composed of plasma and metasurface, which does not overly rely on design experience of designer and provides an intelligent design method for stealth skin design in complex scattering media such as plasma.
Linear diffusion noise boosted deep image prior for unsupervised sparse-view CT reconstruction
Authors: Wu Jia , Jiang Xiaoming , Zhong Lisha , Zheng Wei , Li Xinwei , Lin Jinzhao , Li Zhangyong
Published: August 2024

Objective. Deep learning has markedly enhanced the performance of sparse-view computed tomography reconstruction. However, the dependence of these methods on supervised training using high-quality paired datasets, and the necessity for retraining under varied physical acquisition conditions, constrain their generalizability across new imaging contexts and settings. Approach. To overcome these limitations, we propose an unsupervised approach grounded in the deep image prior framework. Our approach advances beyond the conventional single noise level input by incorporating multi-level linear diffusion noise, significantly mitigating the risk of overfitting. Furthermore, we embed non-local self-similarity as a deep implicit prior within a self-attention network structure, improving the model’s capability to identify and utilize repetitive patterns throughout the image. Additionally, leveraging imaging physics, gradient backpropagation is performed between the image domain and projection data space to optimize network weights. Main Results. Evaluations with both simulated and clinical cases demonstrate our method’s effective zero-shot adaptability across various projection views, highlighting its robustness and flexibility. Additionally, our approach effectively eliminates noise and streak artifacts while significantly restoring intricate image details. Significance. Our method aims to overcome the limitations in current supervised deep learning-based sparse-view CT reconstruction, offering improved generalizability and adaptability without the need for extensive paired training data.
First observation of RMP ELM mitigation on MAST Upgrade
Authors: Ryan D A , Ham C , Kirk A , Markovic T , Munaretto S , Piron L , Saarelma S , Suttrop W , Thornton A J , Viezzer E , Willensdorfer M ,   the MAST Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: August 2024

The first experimental attempts at controlling edge localised modes (ELMs) via the application of resonant magnetic perturbations on the MAST Upgrade tokamak are reported. Using the linear MHD model MARS-F, the phase shift between the upper and lower coil rows ΔΦ was optimised for toroidal mode number n = 1 and n = 2 fields, to provide forward guidance to experiments. In low β

N
discharges, the application of n = 1 3D fields caused the ELM frequency f

E
L
M

to increase by over a factor 20 relative to the reference, and also induced a locked mode, which did not cause a plasma termination nor an H-L back transition. However when β

N
was raised, this induced locked mode caused plasma termination which precluded mitigation access. Initially, applying a numerically optimised n = 2 field had no effect. However applying a rigid toroidal shift to this field caused a locked mode disruption, demonstrating the presence of a substantial n = 2 error field. Coil current ramps were conducted with ΔΦ set at 6 different values, resulting in either locked mode disruptions or no effect, but mitigation with n = 2 fields was not established.
Effect of rotation on negative triangularity plasmas in DIII-D
Authors: Chrystal C , Austin M E , Odstrcil T , Paz-Soldan C , Thome K E , Marinoni A , Boyes W , Osborne T H , Logan N C , Hyatt A W , Nelson A O
Published: August 2024

At the DIII-D tokamak, plasmas with negative triangularity (NT) have been found to have similar energy confinement times as H-mode plasmas with positive triangularity. These NT plasmas also have a stable edge that inhibits H-mode, lacks dangerous edge transients, and has naturally low impurity confinement. For these reasons, NT plasmas have the potential to be a transformative reactor scenario. To determine the importance of strong co-current neutral beam torque for NT performance at DIII-D, scans of neutral beam torque at constant neutral beam power have been performed. These scans have shown that the energy confinement time for a basic, inductive NT scenario (

q

95

≈
2.8

) decreases by 16% when torque is reduced to reactor levels. This reduction in confinement can be replicated with gyrofluid modeling that isolates the role of

E

×

B

shear in the change in transport. In a separate set of discharges with lower plasma current (

q

95

≈
4.2

), no significant correlation between confinement time and rotation was found. Throughout this investigation, excellent MHD stability was observed, even with very low toroidal rotation. Further, low impurity confinement was found at multiple rotation levels. Throughout the campaign, rotation near the edge was counter-current, consistent with the measurement of counter-current intrinsic edge rotation, and these observations agree with NT results from the TCV tokamak.
Modelling and optimization of epoxy-PMMA microcapsule synthesis parameter: A response surface methodology approach
Authors: Akorede Abdulafeez Olayinka , Aliyu Adetutu O , Adebisi Adetayo Abdulmumin
Published: August 2024

The efficiency of self-healing microcapsule in restoring damages incurred by polymeric or composite materials is heavily dependent on modelling of encapsulation conditions to achieve optimized microcapsule with desired characteristics. This study modelled the effects of encapsulation conditions (core–shell ratio, agitation rate, and temperature) on the morphological, chemical, and thermal characteristics of epoxy-polymethylmethacrylate (epoxy-PMMA) microcapsules using response surface methodology (RSM). Epoxy-PMMA microcapsules were synthesized by encapsulating epoxy resin in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at varied encapsulation conditions using solvent evaporation method. The morphology of the synthesized microcapsule using optical microscope (OP) revealed that the microcapsules are either mononuclear or irregular capsule types. The modelled effect showed that microcapsule percentage yield varied between 74.96 to 96.56%, was highly influenced by core–shell ratio and the effect of studied encapsulation conditions on percentage yield was best described by quadratic model. The core content of the microcapsules varied between 54.8 to 67.2%, observed to be highly influenced by both core–shell ratio and agitation rate which fit into linear model. The microcapsule average diameter was between 26 to 74 μm, highly influenced by agitation rate and fit linear model. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of synthesized microcapsules revealed epoxy characteristic peak of C–O–C at 913 cm−1 and C–O-ph stretching at 1032 cm−1. C–O doublet of PMMA was observed at 1386 cm−1 and 1189 cm−1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of epoxy-PMMA microcapsule showed three stages of decomposition attributed to water evaporation, epoxy degradation, and PMMA shell degradation. Lastly, optimization process to achieve maximum yield, maximum core content and minimum capsule diameter was obtained with core–shell ratio of 1.5:3 and agitation rate of 1000 rpm at 40 °C. The synthesized epoxy-PMMA microcapsules exhibited chemical, thermal, morphological stability and the models can be optimized to achieve microcapsule with desired characteristics.
Exact cosmological solutions for a Chaplygin Gas in anisotropic petrov type D spacetimes in Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld gravity: Dark Energy model
Authors: Djiodjo Seugmo Guichard , Jean Baptiste Patenou , Tadmon Calvin
Published: August 2024

We consider a Petrov Type D physical metric g, an auxiliary metric q and a Chaplygin Gas of pressure P in Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld theory. From the Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld-Chaplygin Gas equations, we first derive a system of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then, by a suitable change of variables, we arrive at a system of first order linear ordinary differential equations for the non-vanishing components of the pressure P, the physical metric g and the auxiliary metric q. Thanks to the superposition method, we collect an analytical solution for the nonlinear system obtained, which allows to retrieve new exact cosmological solutions for the model considered. By studying the Kretschmann invariant, we see that a singularity exists at the origin of the cosmic time. By the Kruskal-like coordinates, we conclude that this solution is the counterpart of the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime in the Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld theory. The Hubble and deceleration parameters in both directions of the physical metric g and the auxiliary metric q, as well as their behaviours over time, are also studied. The thermodynamic behaviour of the Chaplygin Gas model is investigated and, as a result, we show that the third-law of thermodynamics is verified. This means that the value of the entropy of the Chaplygin Gas in the perfect crystal state is zero at a temperature of zero Kelvin, which yields a determined value of the entropy and not an additive constant. Finally, we show that the solutions change asymptotically to the isotropic regime of expansion of Dark Energy. With this, we infer that the Chaplygin Gas can show a unified picture of Dark Energy and Dark Matter cooling during the expansion of the Universe.
Triple band self-decoupled MIMO antenna pair for 5G communication
Authors: Kansal Parul , Mandpura Anup Kumar , Kumar Narendra
Published: August 2024

A two port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with self-isolation is proposed for the application of fifth generation (5G) mobile phones. In this antenna, feeding ports that are inherently isolated across a bandwidth without the need for extra decoupling components directly excite the MIMO antenna. An approach involving the creation of common and differential modes utilizes a mode-cancellation technique to comprehensively understand the self-decoupling mechanism on a physical level. The proposed self-decoupled antenna pair exhibits about 22 dB isolation across the triple band 2.58 GHz to 2.84 GHz, 3.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz and 4.3 GHz to 4.6 GHz, respectively. According to the experimental findings, the proposed MIMO system may offer better than 22 dB isolation across all ports and a respectable level of overall gain 1.9 dBi, 3.77 dBi and 2.9 dBi across 2.58 GHz to 2.84 GHz, 3.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz and 4.3 GHz to 4.6 GHz. A suggested design method, with its advantages of self-decoupling, simple structure, high efficiency and triple band demonstrates amazing upcoming 5G highly integrated MIMO antennas for 5G devices.
Revisiting the concordance ΛCDM model using Gamma-Ray Bursts together with supernovae Ia and Planck data
Authors: Adil Shahnawaz A. , Dainotti Maria G. , Sen Anjan A.
Published: August 2024

The Hubble constant, H0, tension is the tension among the local probes, Supernovae Ia, and the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. This tension has persisted for decades and continues to puzzle the community. Here, we add intermediate redshift probes, such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) and Quasars (QS0s), to check if and to what extent these higher redshift probes can reduce this tension.
We use the three-dimensional fundamental plane relation among the prompt peak luminosity, the luminosity at the end of the plateau emission, and its rest frame duration. We find similar trend in GRB intrinsic parameters as previously seen in Pantheon-Plus intrinsic parameters. We find an apparent 3.14σ tension for the GRB intrinsic parameter b.
Indeed, this tension disappears and the parameters are actually compatible within 2.26σ. Another interesting point is that the 3D relation plays an important role in conjunction with Supernovae data with Pantheon Plus and that this apparent discrepancy shows the importance of the correction for selection biases and redshift evolution. The incorporation of redshift evolution correction results in a reduction of the GRB tension to 2.26σ when adjusting correction parameters. We envision that with more data this indication of tension will possibly disappear when the evolutionary parameters of GRBs are computed with increased precision.