bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The advertisement call and geographic distribution of Odontophrynus lavillai Cei, 1985 (Anura: Odontophrynidae)
Authors: ROSSET SERGIO , BALDO DIEGO
Published: March 2014

Currently, the genus Odontophrynus Reinhardt & Lütken comprises 11 species distributed in southern and eastern South America. Among them, O. americanus (Duméril & Bibron), O. lavillai Cei, O. cordobae Martino & Sinsch, and O. maisuma Rosset constitute a group of sibling diploid and tetraploid species, the O. americanus group (Rosset et al. 2006 and literature cited therein).
Lauriana Ren & Qin, a new genus of the tribe Tropidocephalini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) from China
Authors: REN FENG-JUAN , ZHENG LI-FANG , HUANG YI-XIN , QIN DAO-ZHENG
Published: March 2014

A new delphacid genus and species, Lauriana senticosa Ren & Qin, gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Tropidocephalini) is described from Sichuan, China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of the new species are given, and the differences between the new genus and its closely related genera are discussed.
Two new species of Esthemopsis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from southeastern and northeastern Brazil, with taxonomic comments on Esthemopsis teras (Stichel, 1910) stat. rev. and Esthemopsis pallida Lathy, 1932 stat. nov.
Authors: Silva Dias Fernando Maia , Dolibaina Diego Rodrigo , Mielke Olaf Hermann Hendrik , Casagrande Mirna Martins
Published: March 2014

Two new species of Esthemopsis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 from southeastern and northeastern Brazil are described, Esthemopsis sateri sp. nov. and Esthemopsis diamantina sp. nov., and revised and new combinations are proposed for Esthemopsis teras (Stichel, 1910) stat. rev. and Esthemopsis pallida Lathy, 1932 stat. nov., respectively. Lectotypes are designated for Lepricornis teras Stichel, 1910 and Esthemopsis caerulea pallida Lathy, 1932. The habitus of male and female specimens of the species discussed are illustrated; male head and labial palpus pictures, male and female genitalia illustrations are provided.
Two new species of Neotyphloceras (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) from Argentinean Patagonia
Authors: SANCHEZ JULIANA , LARESCHI MARCELA
Published: March 2014

Two new species of Neotyphloceras Rothschild, parasites of sigmodontine rodents from Argentinean Patagonia, are described and illustrated: N. crackensis n. sp. and N. pardinasi n. sp. These species are compared with their morphologically closest relatives. Males are characterized by the shape of the upper lobe of the fixed process of clasper; the shape and chaetotaxy of the distal arm of sternum IX and by the shape of the crochet of the aedeagus; females by the contour of the distal margin of sternum VII. Neotyphloceras pardinasi n. sp. is reported from western Chubut Province, while N. crackensis n. sp. is known from the eastern regions of Chubut and Santa Cruz Provinces. With these reports, the geographical distribution of Neotyphloceras is extended to eastern Patagonia. A key to the species and subspecies of Neotyphloceras is provided.
Notes on the Neotropical Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) with the description of two new species from Brazil
Authors: LOPES ROGÉRIO B. , NOLL FERNANDO B.
Published: March 2014

Two new species, Zethus (Zethus) aliceae Lopes, sp. nov. (Brazil) and Z. (Zethus) sinuostylus Lopes, sp. nov. (Brazil) are described and figured. New synonymy is proposed for Zethus (Zethoides) biglumis Spinola, 1841 (=Zethus ferrugineus de Saussure, 1852, syn. nov.
A Unified Representation of Deep Moist Convection in Numerical Modeling of the Atmosphere. Part II
Authors: Wu Chien-Ming , Arakawa Akio
Published: March 2014

In Part I of this paper, a generalized modeling framework for representing deep moist convection was presented. The framework, called unified parameterization, effectively unifies the parameterizations in general circulation models (GCMs) and cloud-resolving models (CRMs) and thus is applicable to any horizontal resolution between those typically used in those models. The key parameter in the unification is the fractional convective cloudiness σ, which is the fractional area covered by convective updrafts in the grid cell. The central issue of Part I is to formulate the σ dependence of vertical eddy transports of thermodynamic variables and to determine σ for each realization of grid-scale processes. The present paper completes the formulation through further analysis of the simulated data. The analyzed fields include the vertical structure of the σ dependence of vertical and horizontal eddy transports of moist static energy and horizontal momentum and that of cloud microphysical sources. For the momentum transport, the analysis results clearly show the limits of the traditional approach of parameterization based on an effectively one-dimensional model. For cloud microphysical conversions, it is shown that those taking place primarily inside and outside the updrafts are roughly proportional to σ and 1 − σ, respectively.
Comparison of Seasonal Potential Predictability of Precipitation
Authors: Feng Xia , DelSole Timothy , Houser Paul
Published: March 2014

Three methods for estimating potential seasonal predictability of precipitation from a single realization of daily data are assessed. The estimation methods include a first-order Markov chain model proposed by Katz (KZ), and an analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) method and a bootstrap method proposed by the authors. The assessment is based on Monte Carlo experiments, ensemble atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, and observation-based data. For AGCM time series, ANOCOVA produces the most accurate estimates of weather noise variance, despite the fact that it makes the most unrealistic assumptions about precipitation (in particular, it assumes precipitation is generated by a Gaussian autoregressive model). The KZ method significantly underestimates noise variance unless the autocorrelation of precipitation amounts on consecutive wet days is taken into account. Both AGCM and observation-based data reveal that the fraction of potentially predictable variance is greatest in the tropics, smallest in the extratropics, and undergoes a strong seasonal variation. The three methods give consistent estimates of potential predictability for 67% of the globe.
Real-Time Radar Reflectivity Calibration from Differential Phase Measurements
Authors: Bellon Aldo , Fabry Frédéric
Published: March 2014

An algorithm based on the self-consistency between the horizontal reflectivity ZH and the specific differential phase KDP has been devised for the calibration of the reflectivity measurements of the McGill S-band dual-polarization radar and implemented in real time in the fall of 2012. By combining pairs of measured and theoretical differential propagation phases (ΦDP) along rain paths from several azimuths, elevation angles, and radar cycles, a robust calibration estimate is obtained even in relatively light precipitation, provided the number of pairs is of the order of at least 103. It confirmed the stability of the radar system as further corroborated by disdrometer and ground echo comparisons. However, the two-parameter ZH–KDP technique proved to be inadequate in convective situations because it overestimates ΦDP differences of paths with heavy precipitation. An ex post facto analysis has revealed that a three-parameter (ZH–KDP–ZDR) relationship provides a much better agreement with the measured ΦDP differences regardless of the intensity of the precipitation along the rain paths. The main usefulness of the technique remains its ability to derive a reliable calibration correction factor even in light precipitation; thus, it is readily applicable in climate regimes and/or at times of the year characterized by the absence of strong convection capable of providing the large ΦDP differences previously thought necessary for such a technique to be successful.
Moisture Variability and Multiscale Interactions during Spring in West Africa
Authors: Mera Roberto , Laing Arlene G. , Semazzi Frederick
Published: March 2014

The West African monsoon (WAM) is a vital source of rainfall for the African Sahel. In addition to the agricultural benefit of its rains, it benefits public health because bacterial meningitis outbreaks end with the monsoon onset. Outbreaks occur between December and May, a period of low humidity. Knowledge of the onset of high humidity could aid in predicting where the outbreaks will cease. Therefore, this study investigates the variability of atmospheric moisture during the spring over West Africa, characterizing the sources of moisture, as well as circulation patterns and relative influences of tropical and midlatitude systems. A conceptual model of the evolution of the premonsoon period is presented.

The meridional and temporal variability of surface moisture during the spring is modulated by multiscale interactions, as illustrated for the period from mid-April to early May 2009. As westward-propagating, synoptic disturbances move across West Africa, a corresponding peak occurs in the surface relative humidity. With the passage of each disturbance a new and more humid regime is established. Filtered anomalies of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) indicate that Kelvin waves, equatorial Rossby waves, and possibly the MJO contributed to the initiation and intensification of the synoptic disturbances. During the last of the disturbances, whose passage raised the relative humidity above 40%, a critical threshold for meningitis, an extratropical cyclone also contributed to moisture influx over the Sahel. Analysis of the period 2000–09 shows the relative influences of synoptic and subseasonal circulations on the onset of high relative humidity over the Sahel during the spring.
Communicative Participation and Quality of Life in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Eadie Tanya L. , Lamvik Kristin , Baylor Carolyn R. , Yorkston Kathryn M. , Kim Jiseon , Amtmann Dagmar
Published: March 2014

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine how a new self-report outcome measure of communicative participation, the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB), related to disease- and discipline-specific quality of life (QOL) outcomes in a head and neck cancer (HNC) population.

Methods:

One hundred ninety-five individuals treated for HNC completed the CPIB, the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire (UW-QOL), and the Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI-10).

Results:

Results revealed moderate QOL scores across the UW-QOL (mean scores: global QOL = 66; physical subscale = 70; social-emotional subscale = 73) and VHI-10 (mean = 16). Correlations between the CPIB and the UW-QOL scores were statistically significant ( P < .001) but relatively weak ( r = .37–.38). As hypothesized, a stronger correlation was found between the CPIB and the VHI-10 ( r = −0.79; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Clinicians may consider adopting the CPIB to complement existing tools in assessing communication outcomes after HNC.
Airway Management and Endoscopic Treatment of Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Vorasubin Nopawan , Vira Darshni , Jamal Nausheen , Chhetri Dinesh K.
Published: March 2014

Objectives:

The objective is to present clinical outcomes of subglottic and tracheal stenosis treated by flexible bronchoscopic delivery of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser via laryngeal mask airway (LMA).

Methods:

All consecutive, nontracheotomy dependent cases of subglottic and tracheal stenosis treated endoscopically over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical approach consisted of radial incisions using a flexible fiber-based CO2 laser, balloon dilation, and topical application of mitomycin C. Ventilation during the procedure occurred through the LMA, and the CO2 laser fiber was delivered through the working channel of a flexible bronchoscope passed through the LMA. Number of dilations, period between dilations, and operative times were reviewed.

Results:

Eleven patients who underwent airway intervention during the study period were identified. Average follow-up was 28 months. Etiologies of airway stenosis included intubation injury (6), idiopathic (4), or autoimmune disease (1), requiring an average of 1.3, 1.5, and 3 dilations, respectively. Average operative time was 67 minutes. Autoimmune etiology correlated with more frequent dilations.

Conclusion:

LMA is an effective way to manage ventilation while simultaneously allowing unencumbered flexible bronchoscopic access for laser surgery, balloon dilation, and mitomycin C application for airway stenosis. Long-term success in treating stenosis is achievable using this technique.
Case Report
Authors: Keereweer Stijn , Van der Schroeff Marc P. , Pullens Bas
Published: March 2014

Objectives:

To date, over 200 000 cochlear implants (CIs) have been implanted worldwide and the incidence is still increasing. We present a case of traumatic displacement of CI magnet to raise awareness about this complication and to highlight the need for vigilance during surgery as well as for proper counseling.

Methods:

The clinical presentation of a 1.5-year-old boy with a traumatic displacement of a CI magnet was presented and the literature was reviewed for this rare complication.

Results:

After minor head injury, the sound processor could no longer connect to the CI. X-ray imaging demonstrated displacement of the CI magnet. During revision surgery, the magnet was replaced by a new magnet in the silicon holding cap. Intraoperative impedance measurements were normal and the CI was successfully activated 4 weeks postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Clinicians and patients should be aware of the risk of displacement of the CI magnet after (minor) head injury. Young boys tend to have a higher risk for this complication.
Laryngeal Mask Airways and Use of a Boyle–Davis Gag in ENT Surgery
Authors: Hettige Roland , Pankhania Miran , Demetriou Vias , Draper Mark
Published: March 2014

Objectives:

The objective was to identify whether the experience of the operating surgeon was relevant to the frequency of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) airway obstruction or change to an endotracheal tube during ear, nose, and throat surgery.

Methods:

Data were prospectively collected for 186 patients undergoing a procedure with the use of a Boyle–Davis gag and LMA over 12 months in a district-general hospital in the United Kingdom. patient demographics (age, mallampati grade), grade of surgeon, grade of anesthetist, LMA size inserted, and any intraoperative adjustments needed were recorded.

Results:

There was an overall intraoperative airway intervention rate of 21%. The experience of the surgeon affected the rate of intraoperative airway interventions encountered, reflected by the significantly lower rate of airway complications (ie, 10%) seen when associate specialists perform these types of procedures compared to other grades of surgeon (Fisher’s exact test 2-tailed P value = .04). A significant complication rate of 50% was seen with core surgical trainees compared to other grades of surgeon (Fisher’s exact test 2-tailed P value = .002).

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest there may be a learning curve for otolaryngology trainees when using a LMA. However, larger studies and further subanalyses are essential before further conclusions can be made.
Superomedial Submucosal Partial Arytenoidectomy for Improved Posterior Glottic Closure
Authors: Romak Jonathan J. , Ekbom Dale C. , Saleh Amy M. , Orbelo Diana M. , Maragos Nicolas E.
Published: March 2014

Objective:

Endoscopic medial partial arytenoidectomy has been described previously for expansion of the posterior glottic airway in bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Superomedial submucosal partial arytenoidectomy (SSPA), a modification of this technique, can improve glottic closure in the setting of an obstructing anteromedially prolapsed arytenoid. We present our surgical technique and a case example.

Methods and Results:

A 45-year-old man presented with dysphonia attributable to unilateral true vocal fold paralysis. Laryngoscopy revealed right true vocal fold atrophy and an anteriorly prolapsed right arytenoid cartilage preventing posterior glottic closure during adduction. Right SSPA and ipsilateral vocal fold injection augmentation were performed without complication. One-month and 11-month postoperative evaluations showed marked improvement in voice, with complete glottic closure. Quality-of-life assessment and patient report showed a durable result at 50 months.

Conclusion:

SSPA may be a valuable technique in the management of breathy dysphonia associated with posterior glottic gap and other sequelae of the malpositioned arytenoid.
The pursuit of exclusion through zonal banning
Authors: Palmer Darren , Warren Ian
Published: March 2014

In recent years, a growing emphasis has been placed on the use of zonal banning to address violence and anti-social behaviour associated with alcohol consumption. While we recognise the longer historical links between territory and crime, this article focuses on recent efforts to govern territory through new zonal regulations. Recent processes in Australia involve the conflation criminal law principles with processes of managing order in and around private spaces through new administrative approaches to alcohol-related law enforcement. The article outlines the nature of sub-sovereign ‘police laws’ and the extent to which they have been used based on Victorian data. We conclude by suggesting these developments need ongoing critical scrutiny given evidence of the ongoing expansion of proprietary-based principles in the management of urban disorder, and the potential for these developments to promote the increased use of surveillance technologies to exclude undesirable populations from the night-time economies of Australian cities.
A ‘world culture’ of institutional ambiguity? Comparing the reorganization of hospital care in Germany and Mexico
Authors: Bode Ingo
Published: March 2014

According to widespread perceptions, health care provision is becoming more universalistic internationally – but also more business-like. The article examines this dual movement through the lens of the (neo-institutionalist) world polity model and by exploring regulatory change in the hospital sectors of Mexico and Germany. These – highly disparate – countries have both seen attempts to make the access to inpatient care more comprehensive, quantitatively or qualitatively; at the same time, reforms have led to the marketization and managerialist transformation of their health care infrastructures. Hence there is similar regulatory change being driven by two expansive institutional logics, although its implementation faces contingencies, due to country-specific bottlenecks in the reform process. In this configuration, hospital care undergoes a process of ‘fuzzy’ reorganization with paradoxical consequences. The overall development bears witness to a cross-national diffusion of institutional ambiguity to which macro-sociological theory concerned with globalization should pay greater attention.
Threat in Context
Authors: Hanselman Paul , Bruch Sarah K. , Gamoran Adam , Borman Geoffrey D.
Published: March 2014

Schools with very few and relatively low-performing marginalized students may be most likely to trigger social identity threats (including stereotype threats) that contribute to racial disparities. We test this hypothesis by assessing variation in the benefits of a self-affirmation intervention designed to counteract social identity threat in a randomized trial in all 11 middle schools in Madison, Wisconsin. We find that school context moderates the benefits of self-affirmation for black and Hispanic students’ grades, with partial support among standardized achievement outcomes. Self-affirmation reduced the very large racial achievement gap in overall grade point average by 12.5 percent in high-threat school contexts and had no effect in low-threat contexts. These self-affirmation activities have the potential to help close some of the largest racial/ethnic achievement gaps, though only in specific school contexts.
Investigation of the effect of para-aramid fabric impregnation with shear thickening fluid on quasi-static stab resistance
Authors: Zielinska Dorota , Delczyk-Olejniczak Bogumila , Wierzbicki Lukasz , Wilbik-Hałgas Bo ż ena , Struszczyk Marcin Henryk , Leonowicz Marcin
Published: March 2014

The main research objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the impregnation of Twaron® fabric with various shear thickening fluids (STFs) on the stab resistance at quasi-static conditions—being the main parameter characterizing the future application of the impregnated textiles in the scope of the new functionality of the elaborated protection of the multi-layer system. It was found that the STF/Twaron® fabric composites required significantly higher loading than the untreated fabric to achieve spike penetration. In the composite fabric tests, the spike did not fully puncture the material.
Associations between the physiological basis of fabric-evoked prickle, fiber and yarn characteristics and the Wool ComfortMeter value
Authors: Naebe Maryam , McGregor Bruce A , Swan Paul , Tester David
Published: March 2014

The association between the incidents counted by the measurement wire of the Wool ComfortMeter (WCM) and the previously published neurophysiological basis for fabric-evoked prickle have been investigated for lightweight knitted woolen fabrics. The fiber lengths and diameters capable of triggering the fabric-evoked prickle sensation were calculated using Euler’s buckling formula, and it is suggested that fibers as fine as 10 µm are capable of triggering the prickle response if they have a short enough free length protruding from the surface. Good agreement was found between the sensory assessed human prickle sensation and the wearer prickle response predicted using the WCM outputs, especially when the latter were transformed using Stevens’s Psychophysical Power Law.
Better to Own or to Regulate? The Case of Alcohol Distribution and Sales
Authors: Zullo Roland
Published: March 2014

Alcohol-related income generation is compared across monopoly and license off-premise alcohol regulatory models in U.S. states, 1977-2010. An optimum organizational-ownership mix is found when states directly own alcohol wholesale and employ a network of state-owned retailers serving urban regions and private agents serving less-populated regions. Per capita alcohol-related income in US dollars for these optimal systems was $58.82 compared with $26.72 with license systems. This disparity held after controlling for alcohol sales and retail hours of operation. The findings challenge the wisdom of asset divestment as a response to fiscal stress and contradict a central tenet of New Public Management (NPM) Theory.
Impact of Disease Activity on Resting Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Adult Crohn's Disease
Authors: Gong Jianfeng , Zuo Lugen , Guo Zhen , Zhang Liang , Li Yi , Gu Lili , Zhao Jie , Cao Lei , Zhu Weiming , Li Ning , Li Jieshou
Published: March 2014

Background: There is controversy about nutrition status and calorie needs during phases of active versus inactive adult Crohn's disease (CD). Results have been reported in cross‐sectional studies, but longitudinal data are unavailable. Our aim was to explore whether disease activity had an impact on resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in adult patients with CD. Materials and Methods: Adult patients were studied on 2 occasions with active and inactive CD. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Body composition was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Disease activity was measured using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Regression analyses of REE with CDAI score, C‐reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also performed. Results: Seventy‐five patients were included. Patients with active CD had increased REE/body weight compared with patients with inactive disease (28.8 ± 5.4 vs 25.9 ± 4.3 kcal/kg, P < .001). Disease behavior and location, but not sex, had an impact on REE/body weight. Body mass index was lower in active disease than in remission (17.4 ± 3.0 vs 18.1 ± 2.6 kg/m2, P = .010). Body composition was not affected by disease behavior or location. Conclusion: Patients with remission had a better nutrition status and decreased REE compared with those with active CD. REE could also be affected by disease location and behavior.
Surgical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Iyer Kishore R.
Published: March 2014

For patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), surgery can play an important role in preventing, mitigating, and, in some cases, reversing intestinal failure (IF). During intestinal resection, bowel length should be conserved to the fullest extent possible to avoid dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN). Bowel salvage may be improved by initially preserving tissue of questionable viability and later reevaluating during “second‐look” procedures. Once the patient is stabilized, ostomy reversal and recruitment of distal unused bowel should be prioritized whenever feasible. Following progression to IF, surgical management of SBS depends on the symptoms and anatomical characteristics of the individual patient. For carefully selected patients with rapid intestinal transit and dilated bowel, longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT) and serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedures may provide benefit. Outcomes following STEP and LILT are generally similar, and the choice between these procedures may rest on surgeon preference. For patients with rapid intestinal transit in the absence of bowel dilation, segmental reversal of the small bowel may reduce PN requirements. Intestinal transplantation is the standard of care for patients in whom intestinal rehabilitation attempts have failed and who are at risk of life‐threatening complications of PN. Because patients awaiting isolated intestine transplant show increased survival compared with patients awaiting combined intestine‐liver transplant, early referral of appropriate patients, before the development of advanced liver disease, is critical to enhancing patient outcomes.
Contemporary Union Organizing in the UK—Back to the Future?
Authors: Saundry Richard , Wibberley Gemma
Published: March 2014

Attempts to revitalize trade unions in the UK have had mixed results, leading to calls for more radical organizing strategies. This paper examines a recent organizing campaign in the UK public sector that involved a shift from an approach that focused on the development of rank-and-file leadership and worker engagement to one that prioritized member recruitment. The paper argues that a focus on recruitment is not necessarily inimical to union revitalization, but this depends on the extent to which it is used to develop new activists and to strengthen the ability of local unions to provide effective representation.
Learning from success and failure
Authors: Lewis Sarah
Published: March 2014

Whilst a positive working relationship has been recognized as a ‘powerful vehicle’ for offender change (NOMS, 2010), little is known in respect to how powerful a positive working relationship can be for probationers and the impact it may have upon their lives. From considering the ‘experience’ of a working relationship, this study evaluated ‘what worked’ for probationers by drawing from the successes and failures within a relational context. The study also explored the impact of these relationships upon the probationers, both at the time of the relationship and once it had ceased. Seven probationers were involved in this collaborative study, assisting in the design and analysis of the study, as ‘experts’ in probation relationships. The results tentatively suggested that certain characteristics (acceptance, respect, support, empathy and belief) enable a positive relational climate to exist that has a powerful impact upon the probationer, their beliefs and their behaviour. Conversely, if the probation supervisor (PS) fails to demonstrate these characteristics, a ‘toxic’ environment for change is more probable and could lead to greater risk of offending.
Television as a trattoria: Constructing the woman in the kitchen on Italian food shows
Authors: Buscemi Francesco
Published: March 2014

This article analyses the gender issues raised by the representation of the woman in the kitchen on Italian food TV. In Italy, food and women have always been constructed as a whole, but today this model seems to be redundant. Controversial postfeminist readings of Nigella’s cooking shows and Williams’ categories of dominant, emergent and residual help investigate, in a constructivist sense, how Italian TV deals with this social change. Through qualitative, semiotic and gender analyses, the article focuses on three Italian food shows broadcast at noon. Results show that the three programmes mediate the role of the woman, drawing on the model of trattorie, traditional Italian restaurants in which the women cook and the men serve the tables. This negotiation helps balance gender relations without revolutionary outcomes. In fact, at the same time, it modernises the old model of the housewife and does not move the woman out of the kitchen.
Employers and schools: How Mansfield is building a world of work approach
Authors: Hutchinson Jo , Dickinson Berni
Published: March 2014

There is a keen interest in encouraging employers to engage with schools so that young people can learn more about careers, understand the skills that employers are interested in, broaden their aspirations and be motivated to succeed. Employer engagement in schools in England however is increasingly fragmented because of a loss of brokering infrastructure. This article describes a partnership approach developed in Mansfield where a consortium of local schools has worked with their business community and public sector organisations. Together they have listened to what young people say they both want and need to know about careers and then responded by providing a strategic careers learning programme. The particular contribution of the Mansfield Learning Partnership which is wholly funded by the town’s secondary schools is detailed in the article alongside elaboration of the Mansfield Framework for Career Learning which provides a work experience programme and several imaginative opportunities for young people to engage in meaningful encounters with employers.
Does self-efficacy influence recovery and well-being in osteoarthritis patients undergoing joint replacement? A systematic review
Authors: Magklara Eleni , Burton Christopher R , Morrison Val
Published: March 2014

Objective:

To investigate the role of self-efficacy in functional recovery and well-being outcomes in osteoarthritis patients, undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery.

Data sources:

Studies were identified using MEDLINE via PUB med, PsycINFO and CINAHL from inception to July 2013.

Methods:

Three search strategies that combined key terms of ‘self-efficacy’, ‘functional recovery’, ‘well-being’ and ‘joint replacement’ were applied. Titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility and, accordingly, potentially eligible studies were retrieved for review. Included studies were assessed in terms of their quality, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis of results was conducted.

Results:

In total, 836 articles were identified and after electronic de-duplication, 708 articles remained. After screening 15 articles were retrieved as potentially eligible and eight articles were included in the review. Of the eight studies ( n = 967 patients), seven had a prospective design and all studies were considered of good quality. No fully conclusive evidence for the influence of self-efficacy upon functional recovery outcomes was found. When the timing of self-efficacy measurement was examined, post-operative self-efficacy was found to be related to functional recovery outcomes.

Conclusion:

Presurgical self-efficacy was the least consistent predictor of functional outcomes while postoperative self-efficacy was more consistently associated with recovery outcomes such as longer distance ambulation, exercise repetition and frequency, walking speed and disability.
Developing a Stakeholder Approach for Recruiting Top-Level Sales Students
Authors: Agnihotri Raj , Bonney Leff , Dixon Andrea Leigh , Erffmeyer Robert , Pullins Ellen Bolman , Sojka Jane Z. , West Vicki
Published: March 2014

With growing industry demand for sales professionals, recruitment at colleges and universities that have a sales education focus has increased remarkably over the past few years. However, results indicate that hiring organizations face an uphill task in filling sales positions. Recruiters and students struggle to build critical person–job fit during a relatively brief period of interaction. To address these issues, the present article presents a two-staged ideal recruitment process based on a stakeholder perspective. A set of 16 propositions is provided for improving key outcomes of the sales student recruitment process.
Twenty Years of Country-of-Origin Food Labeling Research
Authors: Newman Christopher L. , Turri Anna M. , Howlett Elizabeth , Stokes Amy
Published: March 2014

Recent legislation by the United States and European Union governments now mandates the provision of country-of-origin (COO) information at the point of purchase for a variety of meats, fruits, vegetables, and other assorted food products. To better understand the significance of these regulatory changes, two decades of existing COO food labeling research are synthesized, reviewed, and discussed. The implications for two primary sets of actors within aggregate marketing systems, consumers and practitioners, are then discussed from a macromarketing perspective. Based on the reviewed literature, the authors conclude that little generalizable knowledge about COO food labeling effects exists, and further identify a lack of sufficient theoretical application and development as a primary reason. Consequently, the exact impact of mandatory (and voluntary) COO labeling initiatives for consumers and practitioners still remains unclear and highly debatable. Thus, as these initiatives continue to make country-of-origin labeling more commonplace around the world, it is crucial that additional theory-driven research be conducted, especially from a macromarketing perspective, to foster more generalizable knowledge about the complex role of COO information in aggregate food marketing systems.
Tendon Contraction After Cyclic Elongation Is an Age-Dependent Phenomenon
Authors: Lavagnino Michael , Bedi Asheesh , Walsh Christopher P. , Sibilsky Enselman Elizabeth R. , Sheibani-Rad Shahin , Arnoczky Steven P.
Published: March 2014

Background:

Tendons are viscoelastic tissues that deform (elongate) in response to cyclic loading. However, the ability of a tendon to recover this elongation is unknown.

Hypothesis:

Tendon length significantly increases after in vivo or in vitro cyclic loading, and the ability to return to its original length through a cell-mediated contraction mechanism is an age-dependent phenomenon.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In vitro, rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTfs) from Sprague-Dawley rats of 3 age groups (1, 3, and 12 months) underwent 2% cyclic strain at 0.17 Hz for 2 hours, and the percentages of elongation were determined. After loading, the RTTfs were suspended for 3 days under tissue culture conditions and photographed daily to determine the amount of length contraction. In vivo, healthy male participants (n = 29; age, 19-49 years) had lateral, single-legged weightbearing radiographs taken of the knee at 60° of flexion immediately before, immediately after, and 24 hours after completing eccentric quadriceps loading exercises on the dominant leg to fatigue. Measurements of patellar tendon length were taken from the radiographs, and the percentages of tendon elongation and subsequent contraction were calculated.

Results:

In vitro, cyclic loading increased the length of all RTTfs, with specimens from younger (1 and 3 months) rats demonstrating significantly greater elongation than those from older (12 months) rats ( P = .009). The RTTfs contracted to their original length significantly faster ( P < .001) and in an age-dependent fashion, with younger animals contracting faster. In vivo, repetitive eccentric loading exercises significantly increased patellar tendon length ( P < .001). Patellar tendon length decreased 24 hours after exercises ( P < .001) but did not recover completely ( P < .001). There was a weak but significant ( R2 = 0.203, P = .014) linear correlation between the amount of tendon contraction and age, with younger participants (<30 years) demonstrating significantly more contraction ( P = .014) at 24 hours than older participants (>30 years).

Conclusion:

Cyclic tendon loading results in a significant increase in tendon elongation under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Tendons in both conditions demonstrated an incomplete return to their original length after 24 hours, and the extent of this return was age dependent.

Clinical Relevance:

The age- and time-dependent contraction of tendons, elongated after repetitive loading, could result in transient alterations in the mechanobiological environment of tendon cells. This, in turn, could induce the onset of catabolic changes associated with the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. These results suggest the importance of allowing time for contraction between bouts of repetitive exercise and may explain why age is a predisposing factor in tendinopathy.
Comparison Between Sexes of Bone Contusions and Meniscal Tear Patterns in Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Wittstein Jocelyn , Vinson Emily , Garrett William
Published: March 2014

Background:

Valgus load has been linked to female predominance and mechanism for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reporting frequent medial contusions in noncontact ACL injuries suggest anterior translation rather than a valgus mechanism.

Hypothesis:

Bone contusion and meniscal tear patterns differ between sexes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This study included a review of clinic notes, operative reports, and MRI of patients younger than 20 years who underwent acute primary ACL reconstruction for a noncontact injury between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2010. A blinded musculoskeletal MRI radiologist reported the incidence of medial and lateral femoral and tibial bone contusions on MRI, as well as the severity of medial versus lateral tibial contusions. The location of the bone contusions and meniscal tears and the maximal tibial contusion severity were compared through chi-square analysis (statistical significance, P < .05).

Results:

A total of 73 patients met inclusion criteria: 28 males, 45 females; mean age, 16.1 ± 1.7 years (males), 16.5 ± 1.7 years (females). No significant differences were noted between sexes for location of tibial contusions ( P = .32), femoral contusions ( P = .44), or meniscal tears ( P = .715). The most common tibial contusion pattern was to have both medial and lateral tibial contusions, in both male (57%) and female (60%) patients. The most common femoral contusion pattern was lateral only in females (62%) and both medial and lateral in males (50%). The percentage of female (29%) and male (29%) patients with isolated medial meniscal tears was nearly identical. More males (29%) than females (18%) had isolated lateral meniscal tears ( P = .72). No significant difference in the relative severity of the tibial contusions was noted ( P = .246). The lateral tibial contusion was rated as being more severe than the medial in the majority of females (64%) and males (57%).

Conclusion:

No significant differences were detected between sexes with noncontact ACL injuries for location of tibial or femoral contusions or meniscal tears or for severity of medial versus lateral tibial contusions. The MRI data were not consistent with the valgus collapse mechanism of injury.
Effects of curvature on strength and damage modes of L-shaped carbon fiber-reinforced polypropylene
Authors: Wan Yi , Matsuo Tsuyoshi , Ohsawa Isamu , Takahashi Jun
Published: March 2014

Curved section is regarded as the weak point of composite structures because of the delamination caused by the stress concentration. In the present work, L-shaped specimens made of randomly oriented short fiber-reinforced polypropylene were prepared to investigate the effect of the radius of the curved section of composite structures on the strength and the damage modes. The results of tensile tests and finite element analysis indicated that the radius greatly affects on the stress distribution and the damage modes, and showed good agreement with former researches using different composites. The strengths of the materials were extrapolated from the results of tensile tests and finite element analysis in this research. Finally, allowable radii of the curved section of the composite structures of two kinds of materials were given respectively.
The Burden of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas Associated With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Skalicky Anne M. , Rentz Anne M. , Liu Zhimei , Wheless James W. , Pelletier Corey L. , Dunn David W. , Frost Michael D. , Nakagawa JoAnne , Magestro Matthew , Prestifilippo Judith , Pashos Chris
Published: March 2014

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic disorder characterized by benign tumor growth including lesions in the ventricular system of the brain known as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. This analysis focuses on the clinical presentation, management, and associated burden of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex in the United States. An institutional review board–approved web-based survey of tuberous sclerosis complex patients and caregivers collected information, and descriptive analyses were conducted on age-based subgroups. A total of 116 tuberous sclerosis complex–subependymal giant cell astrocytoma patients or caregivers responded (17% of the total tuberous sclerosis complex sample). Mean and median patient ages were 25.5 and 23.5 years. Besides subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, patients also experienced skin lesions (72%), seizures (65%), and cognitive concerns (60%). Forty-five percent reported having brain surgery (22% for subependymal giant cell astrocytoma). In the past year, 42% of patients were admitted at least once to the hospital whereas 39% went to the emergency department. Results demonstrate that tuberous sclerosis complex–subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is associated with significant clinical burden, resource utilization, and decreased well-being.
Ethics in a Mountain State County Jail
Authors: Iannacchione Brian , Collins Peter A. , Hudson Marianne , Stohr Mary K. , Hemmens Craig , Thayer Jamie , Brady Katelyn
Published: March 2014

This research was conducted to identify and explain factors that shape staff and inmate perceptions of ethical behavior within a correctional setting. Prior research has found that staff do perceive high levels of deviance among their peers, but this varies by both the facility (jails were perceived as more unethical) and staff characteristics, with female and older staff perceiving their workplace as more ethical. The current research attempts to expand this line of study by surveying both inmates and staff on their perceptions of staff ethics within a jail in a mountain state jail. This research first examines what the general perceptions are among these two populations in regard to staff ethics. Second, it answers the question of whether perceived differences exist and how they vary between staff and inmates in regard to staff ethical behavior.
Spirituality and Nursing
Authors: Dhamani Khairunnisa Aziz
Published: March 2014

This article seeks to describe a professional, personal, and cultural understanding of spirituality in nursing care. It revisits and refines the many concept clarifications of spirituality in our practice discipline, while reflecting on the potential meanings and learnings from Ismaili tenets and principles within a personal nursing practice. Through a review of mainstream literature in conjunction with nontraditional literature, the implicit is made explicit in terms of similarities and differences, as well as opportunities for further exploration. The summary brings forward the persistent gaps and questions on critical areas such as creating the “place” and “operationalizing” of spirituality. These continue to challenge and intrigue nurses seeking spiritual comfort for both themselves and their clients.
Effect of an Essential Oil Mixture on Skin Reactions in Women Undergoing Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Halm Margo A. , Baker Clarice , Harshe Val
Published: March 2014

Purpose:This pilot study compared the effects of an essential oil mixture versus standard care on skin reactions in breast cancer patients receiving radiation. Method: Using an experimental design, 24 patients were randomized to standard care (i.e., RadiaPlexRx™ ointment) or an essential oil mixture. Products were applied topically three times a day until 1 month postradiation. Weekly skin assessments were recorded and women completed patient satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) instruments at 3-, 6-, and 10-week intervals. Results: No significant differences were found for skin, QOL, or patient satisfaction at interim or follow-up time points. Effect sizes were as follows: skin = .01 to .07 (small-medium effect); QOL = .01 to .04 (small effect); patient satisfaction = .02 (small effect). Conclusion: The essential oil mixture did not provide a better skin protectant effect than standard care. These findings suggest the essential oil mixture is equivalent to RadiaPlexRx, a common product used as standard care since it has been shown to be effective in protecting skin from radiation. Thus, this pilot provides evidence to support botanical or nonpharmaceutical options for women during radiotherapy for breast cancer.
A new design and grinding algorithm for ball-end milling cutter with tooth offset center
Authors: Cheng Xuefeng , Ding Guofu , Li Rong , Ma Xiaojie , Qin Shengfeng , Song Xiaolu
Published: March 2014

Ball-end milling cutter with tooth offset center is widely used in machining industry, because it has higher machining efficiency and better stability compared with the ball-end milling cutter without tooth offset center. In addition, the tooth offset center has lower wear rate of the tool tip so the life of the milling cutter is improved. However, up to present, there is no mature and effective theory for the design and manufacture of this kind of milling cutters. This article presents a new mathematical model for S-shaped edge curve of the ball end taking the tooth offset center into account, which can construct accurate S-shaped edge curve for the ball-end cutting tools with tooth offset center as well as without tooth offset center. This model overcomes the complex computation and bad adaptability of the traditional modeling method. At the same time, a five-axis grinding algorithm for rake face of the ball end is also presented in this article. Finally, based on the application programming interface of CATIA™, a three-dimensional computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing system is developed. The accuracy and effectiveness of the grinding algorithm are verified by simulation in VERICUT™ and machining experiment in tool grinding machine.