bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An In Silico Study of the Interactions of Alkaloids from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta with Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Kyei Lois Kwane , Gasu Edward Ntim , Ampomah Gilbert Boadu , Mensah Jehoshaphat Oppong , Borquaye Lawrence Sheringham
Published: May 2022

The Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) are essential for Plasmodium falciparum growth and development, and have been validated as targets for the development of new antimalarial agents. Several alkaloids isolated from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta have been reported to have antiplasmodial activity, but their protein targets are unknown. Therefore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the interactions and stability of the alkaloids with PfDHFR and PfDHODH. Based on physicochemical characteristics, alkaloids were grouped as sterically bulky (sb) or planar (pg). Docking results revealed strong binding affinities (−6.0 to −13.4 kcal/mol) of the alkaloids against PfDHODH and various strains of PfDHFR while interacting with key residues such as Asp54 and Phe58 in PfDHFR. The pg alkaloids had high binding affinity and preference for the inhibitor binding domain over the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) binding domain in PfDHODH due to size considerations. From the molecular dynamics trajectories, protein-alkaloid complexes were stable throughout the simulation, with supporting evidence from root mean square deviations, root mean square fluctuations, radius of gyration, free binding energies, and other parameters. We report herein that biscryptolepine and cryptomisrine (sb class), as well as cryptolepinone, cryptoheptine, cryptolepine, and neocryptolepine (pg class), are capable of inhibiting PfDHFR effectively in pyrimethamine sensitive and resistant cells. Also, our results show that alkaloids of the pg class can inhibit PfDHODH as FMN decoys, as well as direct enzyme inhibitors, thereby halting crucial protein function.
Corneal Endothelial Characteristics in Normal Chinese Han Children and Youngsters: A Study from the Specular Microscopy Descriptions
Authors: Xie Lilian , Fang Huilong , Xie Yuyu , Wang Haiyan , Liu Ru , Li Zhiyuan , Zhu Jundong
Published: May 2022

Objective. To observe the morphological changes of corneal endothelial cells in healthy Chinese children and youngsters and analyze the sensitive and specificity of the endothelial assessments. Methods. 14,670 Chinese healthy volunteers enrolled were examined by specular microscopy, and the endothelial descriptive indexes: the central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in average cell size (CV), the percentage of regular hexagonal cells (hexagonality, HEX), cell size of minimal cell (

S

min

), cell size of maximal cell (

S

max

), average cell size (

S

avg

), and size of standard deviation of cell area (

S

sd

) as well as sex and age were analyzed. Results. The average age of this study is

17.36
±
7.58

 (4–30) years. There is no sex predominance: 7,260 male (49.5%) and 7,410 female (50.5%). The mean CCT, ECD, CV, HEX,

S

min
/
max

, S

avg

, and

S

sd

are

529.94
±
31.53

(437–644) μm,

3,051.28
±
375.49

(2,031–4,074) cells/mm2,

28.34
±
4.36

(18–40) %,

61.21
±
10.29

(17–89) %, (

147.79
±
21.94

 to

678.29
±
120.96

) μm2,

332.74
±
44.62

 μm2, and

95.02
±
23.17

 μm2, respectively. The CCTs keep consistency. The ECD decreased rate is 1.02%/year. The curve of ECD and hexagonality expresses the same linear tender. The CCT and endothelial evaluation indexes have no sex predominant (

p
>
0.05

); the quantitative indicators: CCT, ECD, and HEX are significant negative associated with age (

p
=
0.001

or

p
<
0.001

); the variability indexes: the CV,

S

min

,

S

max

,

S

avg

, and

S

sd

are positive correlation (

p
<
0.001

). The coefficients of CCT, HE, and

S

min

are -0.35, -0.59, and 1.17, respectively. Conclusions. The ECD decrease rate is 1.02%/year of the normal Chinese Han childhood to the earlier adulthood. The ages 4 to 12, 13 to 20, and 21 to 30 can be named as the childhood, puberty and adulthood from endothelial biologic identity. The HEX is the sensitivity marks for the polymorphisms while the S min is the specificity indicator CVs upon the Topcon Noncon Specular microscopy results.
Genetic Cross-Talk between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: The Potential Role of Immunity
Authors: Fan Yunjian , Zhang Jie , Shi Jiayu , Chen Lin , Long Jiazhen , Zhang Shuqi , Liu Shuguang
Published: May 2022

Background. This bioinformatics study was aimed at evaluating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with regard to related immune cells and prognosis. Methods. We downloaded the data on OSCC from TCGA and for T2D from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed, i.e., for OSCC genes with

p
 
value
<
0.01

,

log
2

FC

>
0

; and for T2D, genes with

p
 
value
<
0.05

,

log
2

FC

>
0

. The intersected genes between OSCC and T2D were cross-talk genes. The expression values of immune-related genes in case samples in OSCC and T2D were assessed and underwent multivariate and univariate analysis (Cox-PH model). The intersection between the immune genes and cross-talk genes was taken and further analyzed by recursive feature elimination (RFE), survival analysis, and ROC analysis. Results. 1008 cross-talk genes were acquired, including 28 common upregulated, 440 common downregulated, and 540 differently regulated DEGs. We extracted the gene expression value of 782 immune-related genes, of which seven increased immune cells were obtained. From the results, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and effector memory CD8 T cells were highly negatively correlated in both OSCC and T2D. After estimating a low- and high-risk model for survival, we found that activated dendritic cell was significantly different between high and low groups (

p
=
0.0095

), followed by plasmacytoid dendritic cell. We integrated DE_Immune genes set 1 and DE_Immune genes set 2 and eight key immune-related cross-talk genes (C1QC, ABCD1, NOS2, PDIA4, IL1RN, ALOX15, CSE1L, and PSMC4) were evaluated. After ROC analysis, we obtained that ABCD1, C1QC, CSE1L, and PSMC4 had higher classification and prediction effects on OSCC and T2D. Conclusion. This study revealed a close relationship between T2D and OSCC. Thereby, plasmacytoid dendritic cell and activated dendritic cell-related genes were associated with the survival of T2D-related OSCC, while ABCD1, C1QC, CSE1L, and PSMC4 were the most important immune-related cross-talk genes.
Teaching of College English Writing from the Perspective of Multimedia Education
Authors: Cao Xiangying
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of science and technology, the rapid updating of computer technology, the constant networking, and computerisation of society are ushering in a new era in which computer technology and various media are used to process and disseminate information. Multimedia technology has also been mentioned and developed in the field of education. Its intervention has had a significant impact on education, leading to a renewed conception of educators, educational methods, and forms of learning. This paper is based on educational theory, educational planning theory, and educational psychology theory, starting from the combination of network multimedia and college English writing instruction through detailed demand analysis and system design, fully using modern information technology to build a multimedia network learning platform of blended college English writing instruction. This paper examines the application of multimedia technology in blended learning college English writing. Based on the reading and collecting of a large number of materials, it combines the long-term experience of teaching practice, the concept of multimedia, characteristics, application status, and development trends of multimedia technology; in-depth analysis of the current situation and problems faced by blended learning English writing in college summarizes the application of multimedia curriculum in teaching practice and feedback on the use of multimedia curriculum in teaching English writing in college. The experiments showed that the

P

value of students’ attitude toward English writing and multimedia teaching method is less than 0.05, which showed that the multimedia teaching method could improve students’ self-discovery ability and enhance the learning effect; the repetition of multimedia teaching material conforms to the memory rules and effectively helps students to remember what they learn repeatedly.
The Role of NMP22 and CSTB Levels in Predicting Postoperative Recurrence of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Huang Changkun , Ai Xiaolin , Hu Liping , Ren Da
Published: May 2022

Objective. To investigate the value of preoperative urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and Cystatin B (CSTB) expressions in evaluating the postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. Methods. The clinical case data of 102 patients with bladder cancer who underwent surgical treatment from January 2017 to January 2022 were collected, and the patients were divided into a recurrence group (

n
=
54

) and nonrecurrence group (

n
=
48

) according to whether the patients recurred after surgery, and the preoperative NMP22 and CSTB expression levels between the two groups were compared. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to analyze the evaluation value of preoperative NMP22 and CSTB expression in patients with bladder cancer postoperative recurrence. Logistic multivariate regression method was used to analyze the correlation between preoperative NMP22 and CSTB expression and postoperative bladder cancer recurrence. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of NMP22 and CSTB single detection and combined detection were evaluated for postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. Results. The preoperative expression levels of NMP22 and CSTB in the recurrence group were significantly higher than those in the nonrecurrence group (

P
<
0.05

). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of preoperative NMP22 and CSTB expression levels to assess postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer was 0.696 and 0.659, respectively (

P
<
0.05

). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative NMP22 and CSTB overexpression was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer (

OR
=
1.042

, 2.307,

P
<
0.05

). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of preoperative NMP22 combined with CSTB in evaluating bladder cancer recurrence after surgery were higher than those of preoperative NMP22 and CSTB alone, and the differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Preoperative NMP22 and CSTB conveying is hardly interrelated to postoperative recurrence of bladder carcinoma and has certain appraisal worth for postoperative recurrence of bladder carcinoma, and the combined testing of the two has a taller appraisal worth. NMP22 combined with CSTB detection will help to detect postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer and formulate effective treatment measures in time.
Ulam-Hyers Stability Results of
λ
-Quadratic Functional Equation with Three Variables in Non-Archimedean Banach Space and Non-Archimedean Random Normed Space
Authors: Van An Ly , Tamilvanan Kandhasamy , Udhayakumar R. , Kabeto Masho Jima , Van Ngoc Ly
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce the

λ

-quadratic functional equation with three variables and obtain its general solution. The main aim of this work is to examine the Ulam-Hyers stability of this functional equation in non-Archimedean Banach space by using direct and fixed point techniques and examine the stability results in non-Archimedean random normed space.
MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Mitophagy to Alleviate Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the miR-223-3p/NLRP3 Axis
Authors: Sun Zejia , Gao Zihao , Wu Jiyue , Zheng Xiang , Jing Shizhao , Wang Wei
Published: May 2022

Background. MSC-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs) exhibit a protective functional role in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI). Recent studies have revealed that mitophagy could be a potential target process in the treatment of RIRI. However, whether MSC-derived EVs are involved in the regulation of mitophagy in RIRI remains largely unknown to date. Methods. RIRI model was established in vivo in mice by subjecting them to renal ischemia/reperfusion. TCMK-1 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) stimulation to mimic RIRI in vitro. BMSCs and BMSC-derived EVs were isolated and identified. Renal injury was assessed using H&E staining. The qPCR and western blot analyses were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein levels. Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis. The EVs, autophagosomes, and mitochondria were observed using TEM. The colocalization of autophagosomes with mitochondria was confirmed through the confocal assay. The direct binding of miR-223-3p to NLRP3 was validated through the dual-luciferase assay. Results. BMSCs and BMSC-derived EVs were successfully isolated from mice and identified. The protective effect of BMSC-derived EVs against RIRI was validated both in vitro and in vivo, which was indicated by a decrease in apoptosis and inflammasome activation and an increase in mitophagy. However, this protective effect was impaired in the miR-223-3p-depleted EVs, suggesting that miR-223-3p mediated this protective effect. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that miR-223-3p suppressed inflammasome activation to enhance mitophagy by directly targeting NLRP3. Conclusion. In conclusion, the protective role of BMSC-derived EVs and exosome-delivered miR-223-3p in RIRI was validated. Exogenous miR-223-3p directly targeted NLRP3 to attenuate inflammasome activation, thereby promoting mitophagy.
Cooperative Recharge Scheme Based on a Hamiltonian Path in Mobile Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks
Authors: Li He , Liu Quan , Ma Xiaopu , Qi Qinglei , Liu Jinjiang , Zhao Pan , Yang Yang , Zhang Xingang
Published: May 2022

The energy problem and limited capacity of batteries have been fundamental constraints in many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. For WSN, the wireless energy transmission technology based on magnetic resonance coupling is a promising energy transmission technology. To reduce the cost and energy consumption during charging in mobile wireless rechargeable sensor networks (MWRSNs), a cooperative mobile charging mechanism based on the Hamiltonian path is proposed in this paper. To improve the charging task interval, we study the use of a mobile charger (MC) as a mobile sink node to collect the data in this paper. Then, we used the sink and the charging sensors selected by the MC to construct the undirected complete graph. Finally, the Euclidean distance between nodes is used as the edge weight and a Hamiltonian loop is found by using the improved Clark–Wright (C-W) saving algorithm to solve the problem of charging a rechargeable sensor network. In addition to the energy usage efficiency (EUE) and the network lifetime, the average energy loss per unit time is considered as the evaluation index according to the impact of the MC on the energy consumption during charging. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme increases the average network lifetime, decreases the average energy loss per unit time, and improves the EUE.
Automatic Grading Technology and Application of Baijiu Based on Segmented Characteristics and IIoT
Authors: Ye Fan , Sun Yunquan , Yang Jiaping , Liu Yong , Xu Ding , Ren Dongping , Zhou Hailong
Published: May 2022

In order to explore the segmented relationship between the segmented rating results of Baijiu and the segmented characteristics of alcohol content and cumulative flow in the distillation process and to verify whether different liquor categories can achieve rating through the segmented characteristics of alcohol content and cumulative flow, in view of this, combined with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology and online detection and analysis of alcohol and cumulative traffic, its accuracy can reach ±0.5%, ±1%, with the integration of Baijiu categories, sources, liquor characteristic conditions, and other multisource data, to achieve Baijiu segmented rating data reconstruction, the use of standard error and standard deviation as evaluation indicators, quantification of distilled liquor alcohol, and cumulative flow segmented characteristics to form a liquor rating strategy, so as to use the Arduino platform control motor to achieve automatic grading of Baijiu. Experiments show that the relative error between automatic rating and manual rating is less than 10%, which shows that automatic rating can be better applied to the actual brewing process. It provides a solution for the digitization and standardization of Baijiu grading.
Performance Analysis of Metamaterial-Inspired Structure Loaded Antennas for Narrow Range Wireless Communication
Authors: Jairath Kapil , Singh Navdeep , Shabaz Mohammad , Jagota Vishal , Singh Bhupesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, the demand for low-cost, compact, and interference rejected antennas with ultrawideband capability has been increased. Metamaterial-inspired loaded structures have capability of providing exceptional solutions for narrow range wireless communication and low consuming power while transmitting and receiving the signal. It is a difficult task to construct ideal metamaterial-inspired antennas with a variety of features such as extremely large bandwidth, notching out undesirable bands, and frequency. Metamaterial-inspired structures such as SRR and CSRR, and triangle-shaped TCSRR are most commonly used structures to achieve optimized characteristics in ultrawideband antennas. In this paper, an extensive literature survey is accomplished to get conception about metamaterial-inspired patch antennas. This review paper elucidates variants of metamaterial-inspired structures/resonators utilized in order to acquire sundry applications such as WiMAX, WLAN, satellite communication, and radar. Various researchers have used different methodology to design, stimulate, and analyze the metamaterial-inspired structure loaded antennas. Also, the results of different metamaterial-inspired antennas such as bandwidth, gain, return loss, and resonant frequency have been also represented in this paper. This manuscript also gives brief introduction about the metamaterial, its types, and then its application in microstrip patch antenna over the last decade. This manuscript throws light over the various studies conducted in the field of metamaterial-inspired antenna in the past. It has been seen that with the inclusion of metamaterial in conventional antenna, various characteristics such as impedance bandwidth, reflection coefficient, gain, and directivity have been improved. Also, frequency rejection of narrow bands which exits in ultrawideband frequency range can be done by embedding metamaterial-inspired structures such as SRR and CSRR.
[Retracted] Effectiveness of Yoga on the Interrectus Distance in Early Postpartum Women: A High‐Frequency Ultrasound Study
Authors: Li Qunfeng , Lei Siman , Liu Yanhong , Liu Qiongzhu , Chen Ying , Lin Xin , Zhang Xinling
Published: May 2022

To investigate the effects of ultrasonic evaluation of a progressive yoga exercise program on reducing the inter‐recti distance (IRD) among women in the early postpartum period. Postpartum women (n = 116), free of obstetric complications and in recovery following vaginal delivery between weeks 1 and 12, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to the control and yoga exercise group in the pre‐ and post‐intervention design. The control group received no treatment, while the yoga exercise group participated in a guided 12‐week progressive yoga exercise program started at postpartum week 1. The IRD was examined using high‐frequency ultrasound at postpartum weeks 6 and 12. The results showed that the supraumbilical, umbilical, and subumbilical IRD were significantly decreased in the yoga exercise group after the 12‐week progressive yoga exercise intervention compared with the first (week 6) and second (week 12) measurements. The differences in IRD at supraumbilical, umbilical, and subumbilical intervals between weeks 6 and 12 significantly increased in the yoga exercise group. Progressive yoga exercises are effective program that reduce IRD among women in the early postpartum period through ultrasound evaluation. In conclusion, women should advocate combined yoga exercise in the early postpartum days following a supervised program.
Multimedia Recognition and Monitoring of Respiration and Heart Rate VO2 Max in Exercise Training Based on Regression Equation
Authors: Liu Qiaojuan
Published: May 2022

As an important basis for improving physical fitness and promoting health, the author proposes a research on the identification and monitoring of VO2 max in exercise training based on regression equations. Six female cyclists in province A were used as the experimental subjects. The experimental period was 4 weeks, and the training content was carried out by the coaches according to the training plan. The coefficients of the resulting equations were not significant by a univariate regression analysis of heart rate at LT and V0O. When heart rate is used as the dependent variable, Y represents LT, X represents VT, and heart rate is the independent variable, and unitary regression analysis is performed to obtain the following equation: VT-LT heart rate regression analysis before training: Y = 200.828–0.240X

P
=
0.391
>
0.05

; training post-VT-LT heart rate regression analysis: Y = 239.445–0.469X

P
=
0.073
>
0.05

; VT-LT heart rate comprehensive regression analysis: Y = 218.120–0.343X

P
=
0.043
>
0.05

, the coefficients are significantly different, and the equation is reliable.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Translation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Xiaojing
Published: May 2022

A machine automatic translation quality evaluation model based on a deep learning algorithm is built with the aim of achieving an accurate evaluation of machine automatic translation quality. Deep learning-based automatic machine translation was made. During the unsupervised and supervised learning stages, language information extraction executes unsupervised learning and reconstructs automated translation samples of bilingual words using a noise lessening automatic coding machine. To improve the effect of language vector feature extraction, the machine optimizes the effect of language vector feature extraction by importing language vector function and machine automatic translation information into bilingual words. The machine automatic translation language vector function is imported into the translation quality evaluation model based on deep learning to realize the automatic machine translation quality evaluation. The experimental results show that the constructed model can accurately evaluate the quality of machine automatic translation, the pattern of translated sentences and the number of sentences do not adversely affect the evaluation performance of the model, and the model exerts a good effect is showing.
Design and Analysis of ANFIS – Based MPPT Method for Solar Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Revathy S. R. , Kirubakaran V. , Rajeshwaran M. , Balasundaram T. , Sekar V. S. Chandra , Alghamdi Saad , Rajab Bodour S. , Babalghith Ahmad O. , Anbese Endalkachew Mergia
Published: May 2022

The solar photovoltaic energy is becoming popular in the modern-day distribution networks due to the clean energy factor. The photovoltaic modules exhibit a nonlinearity in the output power concerning the environmental conditions. This work suggests an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system- (ANFIS-) based maximal power point tracker (MPPT) for the optimization of the solar photovoltaic system (SPVS). The controller modelled is utilized to optimize the output power of a DC-DC converter connected to a 400 W PV array. The entire model is analysed employing MATLAB/SIMULINK using primary features provided by the technical data. The behavior of the controller modelled is tested for various weather conditions and partial shading conditions. The findings show the controller’s tracking speed effectiveness and dynamic response in PSCs.
Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Breathing Exercises and Heart Rate Exercises Based on In-Depth Regression Equations
Authors: Min Jinchan
Published: May 2022

For the purpose of research, the maximum oxygen uptake of exercise training breathing and heart rate constructed based on the deep learning regression equation learn about the effects of training breathing and heart rate on VO2 max. Based on 77 healthy adults without chronic diseases (37 men and 40 women, aged 20–39 years old), who participate in two exercise tests (the first time is a direct test and the second time is a secondary quantitative load plan), in order to establish a second-level quantitative load scheme for power vehicles, the predictive equation for predicting the maximum oxygen uptake. The author researched and established a stable heart rate HRH based on gender, BMI, and second-level load; the second-level load RPE and

R
P

E

1

are independent variables, the absolute value of the subject’s maximum oxygen uptake is the regression equation of the dependent variable. The experimental results prove that the reliability and validity of the second-level quantitative load scheme for power vehicles are better and can be used as the maximum oxygen uptake in the laboratory, directly tested with alternative submaximal solutions, and used for large-scale investigation of maximum oxygen uptake data. At the same time, since the load is submaximal, it can also be used to clinically assess the patient’s cardiorespiratory endurance.
Small-Bowel Angioectasias: Are They Responsible for a Real Impact on Survival?
Authors: Correia João , Pinho Rolando , Rodrigues Adélia , Ponte Ana , Gomes Catarina , Afecto Edgar , Estevinho Manuela , Freitas Teresa
Published: May 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of small-bowel angioectasia on survival, given the hypothesis that angioectasia might be an independent risk factor of frailty and poor outcomes. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all patients undergoing small-bowel capsule endoscopy between 2010 and 2013 for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding from a Portuguese tertiary centre were included. Follow-up started after capsule endoscopy and ended upon death or end of the study (November 2020). Survival analysis was performed using a Cox proportional-hazards model, in order to analyse the effect of small-bowel angioectasia on survival as well as potentially confounding factors (age, vascular diseases and chronic kidney disease). Results: A total of 176 patients were included in this study (50.6% male), with a median age of 68.5 years (IQR 24). The median follow-up was 7 years (IQR 4), during which 67 (38.1%) patients died. Seventy-three (41.5%) patients had at least one small-bowel angioectasia on capsule endoscopy. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, only age, peripheral arterial disease, history of previous mesenteric ischaemia and chronic kidney disease were independent risk factors of death. The presence of small-bowel angioectasia did not affect survival in this analysis (HR 1.30; 95% CI 0.75–2.23; p = 0.35). Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study, some comorbidities and age were independent predictors of poor survival. The presence of small-bowel angioectasia per se did not affect survival.
Reinventar la escuela, un nuevo reto
Authors: Rodríguez-Henao Clara Elena
Published: May 2022

El presente texto relata la experiencia de una educadora de cuarto de primaria en torno al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, luego de un año de pandemia, en un contexto educativo con pocos recursos tecnológicos que exigió dar continuidad a los procesos académicos permeados por factores emocionales, económicos y sociales, en muchos casos adversos y que ha implicado, tanto para las educadoras como para los estudiantes, empezar de nuevo cada vez que algo se presenta (aislamiento preventivo, virtualidad, alternancia, paro nacional, presencialidad), un avanzar y retroceder al mismo tiempo, como si fuéramos Sísifos en las aulas.
Mutation Type and Intracranial Aneurysm Formation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Akagawa Hiroyuki , Ushio Yusuke , Sato Masayo , Manabe Shun , Makabe Shiho , Kawachi Keiko , Akihisa Taro , Iwasa Naomi , Yoshida Rie , Tsuchiya Ken , Nitta Kosaku , Mochizuki Toshio
Published: May 2022

Background

Screening for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in patients with risk factors of IA is recommended. However, genetic risk factors of IA in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remain unclear, and genotype–phenotype relationships in IAs in patients with ADPKD have not been clarified. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the associations between germline mutations and IA formation in patients with ADPKD.

Methods

A total of 135 patients with ADPKD who were evaluated for ADPKD mutations were examined for IA formation in this single‐center observational study.

Results

The incidence of de novo IA formation was 1.3% per patient‐year. Age at IA diagnosis was younger in patients with frameshift (median, 36 years;
P
=0.003) and splicing mutations (median, 43 years;
P
=0.046) than in patients with substitutions (median, 63 years). Multivariable analyses showed that IA was associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.32 [95% CI, 1.10–10.01];
P
=0.03), a family history of IA or subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR, 3.05 [95% CI, 1.07–8.71];
P
=0.04), estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.54–0.87];
P
=0.002), and splicing mutations (OR, 9.30 [95% CI, 1.71–50.44];
P
=0.01). Splicing mutations showed a significant association with IA formation even in subcohorts with minimal risk factors for IA, such as age <50 years (OR, 19.52 [95% CI, 3.22–118.51];
P
=0.001), nonhypertension (OR, 49.28 [95% CI, 3.60–673.98];
P
=0.004), and nonsmoking behavior (OR, 27.79 [95% CI, 3.49–221.21];
P
=0.002). Conversely, substitutions showed significant associations with IA formation in subcohorts such as age ≥50 years (OR, 8.66; 95% CI, 1.43–52.51;
P
=0.02) and chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5 (OR, 10.70 [95% CI, 1.05–108.75];
P
=0.045).

Conclusions

Genetic analyses in patients with ADPKD could contribute to IA screening and could be useful for evaluating the prognosis, including complications. IA screening should be recommended for patients with ADPKD who have splicing and frameshift mutations and for older patients or patients with advanced ADPKD who have substitutions.
Paying for Free Lunch: The Impact of CEP Universal Free Meals on Revenues, Spending, and Student Health
Authors: Rothbart Michah W. , Schwartz Amy Ellen , Gutierrez Emily
Published: May 2022

The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 allows school districts to provide free meals to all students if over 40 percent of them are directly certified as free-meal eligible. While emerging evidence documents positive effects on student behavior and academics, critics worry that CEP has unintended consequences for student weight, district finances, and instructional spending. We investigate these using school and district data from New York State and a difference-in-differences design. We exploit staggered CEP adoption, and explore differences between metro, town, and rural districts. We investigate potential mechanisms, including lunch and breakfast participation, and use event studies to assess pre-adoption trends and effects over time. We find that CEP increases total food expenditures, but spending per meal declines. Local food service revenues decline, but increased federal reimbursements more than compensate for local food revenues and expenditures changes. Indeed, while some worry that CEP crowds out education spending, we find no effect on instructional expenditures. Furthermore, CEP increases participation in school lunch and breakfast, but has no deleterious effect on weight outcomes and, instead, is associated with obesity declines in secondary grades. Rural districts experience larger impacts than metro and town districts, alongside some negative fiscal effects.
Mystères in situ
Authors: Jaccottet Anne-Françoise
Published: May 2022

A bilingual Latin-Greek boundary-inscription from the sanctuary of Samothrace (2nd c. AD) and the Senatus consultum de bacchanalibus (186 BC) provide the basis for an analysis of the Latin formulas and language use concerning the expression of mysteries and initiation. At Samothrace, the use of a purely Latin formulation (sacra accipere) to express initiation coexists with transcriptions and translation of Greek words. Inside the case of the Bacchanalia, as referred to by the senatus consulta and reported by Livy, the distinctions of vocabulary use between the two ways of report lead to a diachronic analysis of the rise and development of the Latin vocabulary of the mysteries. This analytic path results in interrogations on the methodological way to approach mysteries without falling into the trap of reductive key words and on the plurality of the rituality of initiation hidden behind the uniformity and the generalisation of the vocabulary.
Mass-related differences in metabolic rate and fasting endurance explain divergence in seasonal activity of Mediterranean lizards
Authors: Luiselli Luca , Stille Bo , Stille Marie , Buttemer William A. , Madsen Thomas
Published: May 2022

We analysed the effects of body mass on the monthly activity patterns of six Mediterranean lacertid lizard taxa, four relatively small species, the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus), the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), the blue-throated keeled lizard (Algyroides nigropunctatus), and the Ionian wall lizard (Podarcis ionicus), and two larger species, the western green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) and the Balkan green lizard (Lacerta trilineata). The highest number of observations for all six species occurred in April and May and the lowest in July and August, the latter being the hottest and driest months of the year. The two larger species were mainly active from March to July, whereas the four smaller species had an additional period of high activity from September to November. As all six species reproduce during spring, the increase in activity of the smaller species in autumn was consequently unrelated to reproductive behaviour. There was no difference in seasonal activity of the two smaller Italian species at sites with or without the larger green lizards. It is therefore unlikely that interference competition/predation by green lizards caused the increased autumnal activity of the smaller lizards. We suggest that due to their lower mass-specific metabolic rates, larger species can obtain sufficient lipid stores over a shorter annual activity to ensure successful reproduction the subsequent spring. By contrast, smaller species have greater need to replenish their lipid reserves after summer fasting and therefore resume much higher activity levels in September to November to attain this goal.
The differential impact of four tropical species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on biofortified cassava
Authors: Oyetunde Aminat K. , Afolami Steve O. , Kulakow Peter , Coyne Danny
Published: May 2022

Cassava plays an important food security role in Africa. Although a hardy crop in general, average yields are low, while traditional cultivars tend to be low in nutrients and vitamins. Substantial efforts have therefore been made to improve the nutritional quality of cassava through the development of biofortified cultivars. Although root-knot nematodes (RKN) are among the various important constraints affecting production, details on the impact of different species of RKN on cassava productivity are scarce. In this study, six popular cultivars of biofortified cassava were evaluated for their response to M. arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. incognita, M. javanica and a combination of all four species, in pots. All tested cultivars were susceptible to the four Meloidogyne species, but some cultivars showed a tolerance to M. arenaria infection. Galling damage was observed on feeder roots of inoculated plants, with nematode reproduction factors ranging between 2.3 and 9.5. Plant height, stem girth and fresh plant mass were significantly lower for most cultivars by as much as 70% following RKN infection. The highest root galling and damage were observed in plants following inoculation with a combination of the four species. As individual species inoculations, M. incognita and M. javanica were the most damaging, with the least damage observed in plants inoculated with M. arenaria only. These results confirm the pathogenicity of M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica and further illustrate the potential of M. enterolobii to impact cassava production, while combined species infections demonstrate the greater levels of damage that these may cause.
‘[A]nother kind of rain’: Aesthetic Ontology and Contagious Imaginations in Althusser’s Aleatory Materialism
Authors: Carmichael Thomas
Published: May 2022

One of the remarkable features of recent interest in the work of Louis Althusser has been the prominence granted to Althusser’s cultural criticism. However, aside from one notable exception, Althusser’s cultural criticism has not figured prominently in discussions of his late work, and the absence of Althusser’s cultural criticism from those discussions has perhaps unwittingly obscured both the genealogy of Althusser’s late aesthetic ontology and the logic of his last texts, of ‘The Underground Current of the Materialism of the Encounter’ and related writings on aleatory materialism. By tracing the genealogy of the aleatory impulse in Althusser’s cultural criticism, it is possible to show how that work resonates in Althusser’s late texts including the larger unpublished manuscript from which ‘The Underground Current of the Materialism of the Encounter’ has been drawn. This reading of the philosophy of the encounter also allows us to understand the importance of Nicolas Malebranche for Althusser’s aleatory materialism.
Die Liebe einer Mutter bei Prudentius
Authors: Gnilka Christian
Published: May 2022

The miscell offers the explanation for a verse that has always been misunderstood: Prud. perist. 10.845.
Mani the Anchorite, Mani the Apostle: The Cologne Mani Codex and Syrian Asceticism
Authors: Han Jae Hee
Published: May 2022

The Apostle of Jesus Christ, Mani, declares himself to be a “solitary one” (monērēs) no less than three times in the Cologne Mani Codex (CMC). Through a literary analysis that contextualizes the CMC both with contemporary Syrian depictions of anchoritic ascetics, on the one hand, and the hairy mountaineering anchorite (CMC 126.4-129.17) with Mani, on the other hand, this article argues that the redactor of the CMC sought to portray Mani as an anchoritic ascetic. Mani’s declaration to be a monērēs is therefore not incidental, but an essential marker of his identity, even as he sets out into the world as the Apostle of Jesus Christ.
Heart position and pulmonary vasculature in snakes with different lung morphologies
Authors: de Godoi Champini Barbara , da Cruz André Luis , Klein Wilfried
Published: May 2022

The respiratory system of snakes, composed of a trachea and one or two lungs, shows considerable variation in terms of size and complexity, especially in terms of length and distribution of the respiratory epithelium. The importance of heart position within snakes has previously been investigated concerning gravitational stress. The relationship between respiratory gas exchange epithelium and heart position, however, has not been addressed in detail, which seems necessary, since the heart needs to pump blood through the pulmonary circulation for effective gas exchange. Herein, we analyze the morphology of the respiratory epithelium in Boa constrictor and Crotalus durissus stereologically regarding the composition of the gas exchange tissue and the distribution of blood vessels within the vascularized parts of the respiratory system. The gas exchange epithelium is composed of blood capillaries, larger vessels, trabeculae, and septa, forming an overall faveolar-type epithelium in both species. Pulmonary capillaries and respiratory surface area showed a tendency to be more concentrated in the anterior and middle portions of each lung’s respiratory epithelium, suggesting a tendency toward greater parenchymal development in these regions. Therefore, there seems to be no conclusive relationship between the position of the heart and pulmonary circulation, since in C. durissus the anterior and middle parenchymal regions are distant from the heart, whereas in B. constrictor the anterior and middle parenchymal regions are close to the heart, facilitating blood transport between the heart and the gas exchange epithelium.
Abundance and home range of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in northwestern Mexico
Authors: Amador-Alcalá Saúl A. , Amarillas Javier V. , Falconi Fredy A. , Carreón-Arroyo Gerardo , Valdez Coronel Carlos M. , Monroy-Vilchis Octavio
Published: May 2022

In Mexico, information about ocelots is limited, which hinders the implementation of effective management and conservation measures. The purpose of this research was to provide basic information of population density, relative abundance and home range observed for the species in northwestern Mexico. Systematic sampling was implemented from January to December 2015 using photo-trapping as tool. Fifty-four camera-trap stations (37 double stations) were used, and the resulting grid covered an area of 182 km2. We applied six sampling periods of 59-62 days in each period. Density analysis was based on spatially explicit models and traditional capture-recapture models. The home range was estimated using the minimum convex polygon method. We obtained 135 photographic records of ocelots, of which 17 individuals were identified (five males, four females and eight individuals of undetermined sex). During six study periods, our sampling effort reached 19 710 trap-days. We estimate a capture rate for the study of 6.84 rec./1000 trap-days. The density of ocelots estimated with the Capture module in the MARK program ranged from 1.38 to 2.93 rec./100 km2. The results estimate using the SERC method showed a density of 0.93-3.06 individuals per 100 km2. The ocelots in the Northern Jaguar Reserve (NJR) had an average distribution area of 14.1 km2. The results of this research illustrate the importance of continuing studies of ocelots on the NJR to maintain a long-term viable population for northwestern Mexico.
Competing Stories
Authors: Grzywacz Anna , Lubina Michał
Published: May 2022

The recent discussions on the 2021 Myanmar’s coup have overshadowed the ‘old’ issues, and the Rohingya crisis in particular. In this article, we draw the interest back to one of the most challenging crises of all. We discuss how the main actors shape the image of the Rohingya crisis narratively. How is the conflict narrated? Do competing narratives share anything in common? We argue that all actors produce different and to some extent mutually exclusive images of the conflict. We also find that there are no divergences within the actors’ narratives of the conflict, which suggests that they are more engaged in advocating their political aims than finding a bridging point for further negotiations on the conflict. Our argument is substantiated by an analysis of the narratives articulated by five actors: the United Nations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Myanmar government, Bangladesh, and the Rohingya themselves.
The Fight against the Exploitation of Vulnerability According to the Kuwaiti Civil Code
Authors: Alrashidi Husain
Published: May 2022

The Kuwaiti legislator has introduced within the Civil Code articles to combat the abuse of a contractor’s vulnerability. We were able to demonstrate drawbacks to the concept, conditions, and effects. It is recommended to cancel these articles and replace them with others. In the search for alternatives, we found the rules regarding lesion and consent could be applied in place of exploitation of vulnerability. Nevertheless, we have excluded them from consideration as only certain people have the ability to invoke these rules. Overall, it seems to the author that the principle of good faith and the principle of loyalty, which reign all phases of contraction, are sufficient to protect the vulnerable and disadvantaged. The contractors must conclude and execute the contract fairly and in good faith. It is deemed as bad faith and lack of loyalty when someone seeks to profit from the vulnerable position of his contractor.
Animal Welfare and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Rolston Holmes
Published: May 2022

Bernard Rollin’s main concerns are domestic and research animals. Such animals have endured less suffering as a result of Rollin’s seminal work. Animals are of moral concern because they have conscious interests, or telos. Rollin’s use of telos is plausible though more specialized than usual. Rollin has theoretical or in-principle ideals that are unlikely to be accepted as current practice. In result he adopts more moderate moral principles. In the fair-contract, husbandry dimension of agriculture, the farmer takes care of the cows and pigs, recognizing their rights, and then eats them, or sells them to be eaten. He reaches a strange combination of kinship and chasm separating human and animal minds. Rollin’s account of any deeper environmental ethics for a biospheric Earth is unsatisfactory, any respect for life beyond sentience, especially his concepts of global ecosystems.
Out of the Public Eye: Researching Political Factors that Influence the Implementation of Research Knowledge as Part of Educational Reforms and Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Aguilar Mario Sánchez , Castaneda Apolo
Published: May 2022

This paper reports an exploratory study of political factors that may influence the implementation of research knowledge in the formulation of educational reforms and mathematics textbooks in Mexico. The study is based on the analysis of an in-depth interview with a key informant, who has extensive experience as a textbook author and as an advisor in the Ministry of Education of Mexico. Three political factors that may influence the implementation of research knowledge from mathematics education are identified: (1) interest-based coalitions — such as mathematics teachers and their associations, (2) issues of (mis)communication within decision venues, and (3) the level of compatibility and alignment of mathematical and didactical contents with the political agendas.

The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493873.
Implementation of Problem Solving in School: From Intended to Experienced
Authors: Koichu Boris , Cooper Jason , Widder Mirela
Published: May 2022

The importance of mathematical problem solving has long been recognized, yet its implementation in classrooms remains a challenge. In this paper we put forth the notion of problem-solving implementation chain as a dynamic sequence of intended, planned, enacted and experienced activity, shaped by researchers, teachers and students, where the nature of the activity and its aims may change at the links of the chain. We propose this notion as an analytical framework for investigating implementation of problem-solving resources. We then illustrate this framework by a series of narratives from a project, in which the team of task-designers develops problem-solving resources aimed at reaching middle-school students via their teachers, who encounter these resources in professional development communities. We show how the problem-solving activity evolves along the implementation chain and then identify opportunities for mutual learning that emerge from tensions in perspectives on PS held by the different parties involved.

The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.19493903.