bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Life Stress Alters Adult Serotonin 2C Receptor Pre-mRNA Editing and Expression of the α Subunit of the Heterotrimeric G-Protein Gq
Authors: Bhansali Punita , Dunning Jane , Singer Sarah E. , David Leora , Schmauss Claudia
Published: February 2007

Infant maternal separation, a paradigm of early life stress in rodents, elicits long-lasting changes in gene expression that persist into adulthood. In BALB/c mice, an inbred strain with spontaneously elevated anxiety and stress reactivity, infant maternal separation led to increased depression-like behavioral responses to adult stress and robustly increased editing of serotonin 2C receptor pre-mRNA. Chronic fluoxetine treatment of adult BALB/c mice exposed to early life stress affected neither their behavioral responses to stress nor their basal 5-HT2Cpre-mRNA editing phenotype. However, when fluoxetine was administered during adolescence, depression-like behavioral responses to stress were significantly diminished in these mice, and their basal and stress-induced 5-HT2Cpre-mRNA editing phenotypes were significantly lower. Moreover, when BALB/c mice exposed to early life stress were raised in an enriched postweaning environment, their depression-like behavioral responses to adult stress were also significantly diminished. However, their 5-HT2Cpre-mRNA editing phenotype remained unaltered. Hence, the similar behavioral effects of enrichment and fluoxetine treatment during adolescence were not accompanied by similar changes in 5-HT2Cpre-mRNA editing. Enriched and nonenriched BALB/c mice exposed to early life stress also exhibited significantly increased expression of mRNA and protein encoding the Gαq subunit of G-protein that couples to 5-HT2A/2Creceptors. In contrast, Gαq expression levels were significantly lower in fluoxetine-treated mice. These findings suggest that compensatory changes in Gαq expression occur in mice with persistently altered 5-HT2Cpre-mRNA editing and provide an explanation for the dissociation between 5-HT2Creceptor editing phenotypes and behavioral stress responses.
Roles of Volume-Sensitive Chloride Channel in Excitotoxic Neuronal Injury
Authors: Inoue Hana , Okada Yasunobu
Published: February 2007

Excitotoxicity is associated with stroke, brain trauma, and a number of neurodegenerative disorders. In the brain, during excitotoxic insults, neurons undergo rapid swelling in both the soma and dendrites. Focal swellings along the dendrites called varicosities are considered to be a hallmark of acute excitotoxic neuronal injury. However, it is not clear what pathway is involved in the neuronal anion flux that leads to the formation and resolution of excitotoxic varicosities. Here, we assessed the roles of the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) Cl−channel in excitotoxic responses in mouse cortical neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that the VSOR Cl−channel in cultured neurons was activated by NMDA exposure. Moreover, robust expression of this channel on varicosities was confirmed by on-cell and nystatin-perforated vesicle patch techniques. VSOR channel blockers, but not blockers of GABAAreceptors and Cl−transporters, abolished not only varicosity resolution after sublethal excitotoxic stimulation but also necrotic death after sustained varicosity formation induced by prolonged NMDA exposure in cortical neurons. The present slice-patch experiments demonstrated, for the first time, expression of the VSOR Cl−channels in somatosensory pyramidal neurons. NMDA-induced necrotic neuronal death in slice preparations was largely suppressed by a blocker of the VSOR Cl−channel but not of the GABAAreceptor. These results indicate that VSOR Cl−channels exert dual, reciprocal actions on neuronal excitotoxicity by serving as major anionic pathways both for varicosity recovery after washout of an excitotoxic stimulant and for persistent varicosity formation under prolonged excitotoxic insults leading to necrosis in cortical neurons.
Differential Spatial Representation of Taste Modalities in the Rat Gustatory Cortex
Authors: Accolla Riccardo , Bathellier Brice , Petersen Carl C. H. , Carleton Alan
Published: February 2007

Discrimination between foods is crucial for the nutrition and survival of animals. Remarkable progress has been made through molecular and genetic manipulations in the understanding of the coding of taste at the receptor level. However, much less is known about the cortical processing of taste sensation and the organizing principles of the gustatory cortex (GC). Using genetic tracing, it has recently been shown that sweet and bitter taste are processed through segregated neuronal circuitries along the gustatory pathway up to the cortical level. This is in disagreement with the evidence that GC neurons recorded in both anesthetized and behaving animals responded to multiple taste modalities (including sweet and bitter). To investigate the functional architecture of the GC in regard to taste modalities, we usedin vivointrinsic optical imaging, a technique that has been successfully applied to explore the organization of other neocortical regions. We found that four of the primary taste modalities (sweet, bitter, salty, and sour) are represented by distinctive spatial patterns but that no region was specific to a single modality. In addition, we found that two tastants of similar hedonic value (pleasant or unpleasant) activated areas with more common regions than two tastants with opposite hedonic value. In summary, we propose that these specific cortical patterns can be used to discriminate among various tastants.
Effectiveness of long-term cabergoline treatment for giant prolactinoma: study of 12 men
Authors: Shimon Ilan , Benbassat Carlos , Hadani Moshe
Published: February 2007

Objective: To review our experience with cabergoline, a D2-selective dopamine agonist, for the treatment of giant prolactinomas.

Design: A retrospective case series; descriptive statistics.

Methods: The study group included 12 men aged 24–52 years (mean 39.2 years) treated for giant prolactinoma at our centers from 1997 to 2006. Cabergoline was started at a dose of 0.5 mg/three times a week and progressively increased as necessary to up to 7 mg/week. Patients were followed by hormone measurements, sellar magnetic resonance imaging, and visual examinations.

Results: In ten patients, cabergoline served as first-line therapy. The other two patients had previously undergone transsphenoidal partial tumor resection because of visual deterioration. Mean serum prolactin level before treatment was 14 393 ± 14 579 ng/ml (range 2047–55 033 ng/ml; normal 5–17 ng/ml). Following treatment, levels normalized in ten men within 1–84 months (mean, 25.3 months) and decreased in the other two to 2–3 times of normal. Tumor diameter, which measured 40–70 mm at diagnosis, showed a mean maximal decrease of 47 ± 21%; response was first noted about 6 months after the onset of treatment. Nine patients had visual field defects at diagnosis; vision returned to normal in three of them and improved in five. Testosterone levels, initially low in all patients, normalized in eight. There were no side effects of treatment.

Conclusion: Cabergoline therapy appears to be effective and safe in men with giant prolactinomas. These findings suggest that cabergoline should be the first-line therapy for aggressive prolactinomas, even in patients with visual field defects.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) against strains causing otitis externa in dogs and cats
Authors: Moulari B. , Pellequer Y. , Chaumont J. , Guillaume Y. , Millet J.
Published: February 2007

Otitis externa in dogs and cats is always caused by a combination of yeasts and bacteria, among which the most important are
Malassezia pachydermatis, Staphylococcus intermedius
and
Pseudomonas
species. These organisms often develop resistance to classical antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of an ethyl acetate leaf extract of
Harungana madagascariensis
against the organisms cited, to carry out the phytochemical investigation of this extract and to determine its bioactive chemical class using dilution techniques, the bioautography method and the standard phytochemical method described by Harborne (1973). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and anthracenic derivatives. The bioassay showed that the antimicrobial properties may be attributed to astilbin, a flavanone derivative identified on the basis of its spectroscopic data. The results suggest that the extract could be used in an antimicrobial preparation effective against the whole range of organisms incriminated in otitis externa in dogs and cats, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/ml.
Porcine circovirus type 2 and associated diseases in Romania — Short communication
Authors: Cadar D. , Cságola A. , Dán Á. , Deim Z. , Spînu Marina , Miclăuş V. , Köbölkuti L. , Czirják G. , Tuboly T.
Published: February 2007

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been demonstrated to be the causal agent for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). This report describes the first detection of PCV2 and associated diseases in a Romanian swine herd located in Transylvania. The clinical signs, pathological and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs were similar to those previously described for PDNS and PMWS. Polymerase chain reaction and
in situ
hybridisation were used for the detection of PCV2 nucleic acids from tissues and serum samples. Complete PCV2 genomes of both PMWS and PDNS cases were sequenced and analysed, and by comparing them with each other no genomic differences could be detected. The sequence analysis showed that the Romanian PCV2 was closely related to PCV2 identified in France and in Hungary.
Könyvismertetések
Authors: Balogh Tibor , Duró Lajos , Hahn Noémi , Pléh Csaba , Garab Edit Anna
Published: February 2007

Gervain Judit - Kovács Kristóf - Lukács Ágnes - Racsmány Mihály (szerk.): Az ezerarcú elme. Tanulmányok Pléh Csaba 60.
születésnapjára
(Balogh Tibor)
Nagy László
(Miklós): Az ismeretek
alkalmazásának pszichológiai problémái
(Duró Lajos)
 Kiss Szabolcs:
Elmeolvasás
(Hahn Noémi)
Simon Baron-Cohen: Elemi különbség. Férfiak, nők és
a szélsőséges férfiagy
(Hahn Noémi)
 Jean-Pierre Changeux: Raison et plaisir
(Pléh Csaba)
Eric R.
Kandel: In search of memory. The
emergence of a new science of mind
(Pléh
Csaba)
Daniel Schacter:
Az emlékezet hét bűne
(Garab Edit Anna)
Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Low Deoxynivalenol Content in Hexaploid Wheat Population from ‘Arina’ and NK93604
Authors: Semagn Kassa , Skinnes Helge , Bjørnstad Åsmund , Marøy Anne Guri , Tarkegne Yalew
Published: February 2007

Breeding for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant wheat adapted to the Norwegian climatic conditions is one of the top priorities in the country. This study was conducted to characterize QTLs for FHB resistance and low deoxynivalenol (DON) content in a population of 93 double haploid lines from a cross between ‘Arina’ and NK93604. Both parents have moderate levels of resistance to FHB. The population was assessed for FHB resistance under field conditions for 3 yr (2001 to 2003), and DON content was analyzed from seed samples in the 2002 experiment. The two traits showed significant genetic variation and were significantly correlated with each other. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified four QTLs using the 3 yr mean for FHB resistance on chromosomes 1AL, 1BL, 6BS, and 7AL. The QTLs on 1AL, 1BL, and 7AL were consistently detected in all 3 yr, and explained 27.9, 19.6, and 14.8% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The QTLs on chromosomes 1BL and 6BS originated from Arina, whereas those on 1AL and 7AL were from NK93604. None of the QTLs for FHB resistance detected in this study were coincident with those previously reported in the Arina/‘Forno’ population. Two major QTLs, both derived from NK93604, on chromosomes 1AL and 2AS were identified for DON content that explained 27.9 and 26.7% of the variation, respectively. A major QTL for FHB resistance on 1AL coincided with a QTL for DON content. As far as we are aware, the QTL on chromosome 1AL is novel and not reported elsewhere. Data from the present study provides breeders with additional information on chromosomal regions associated with FHB resistance and DON content in European wheats and will help guide the development of FHB‐resistant wheat.
Molecular Analysis of Soybean Lines with Low Palmitic Acid Content in the Seed Oil
Authors: Cardinal Andrea J. , Burton Joseph W. , Camacho-Roger Ana Maria , Yang Ji H. , Wilson Richard F. , Dewey Ralph E.
Published: February 2007

Palmitic acid is the major saturated fatty acid found in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, accounting for approximately 11% of the seed oil content. Reducing the palmitic acid levels of the oil is desirable because of the negative health effects specifically associated with this fatty acid. One of the genetic loci known to reduce the seed palmitate content in soybean is fapnc. Previous studies indicated that fapnc is associated with a deletion in a gene (designated FATB) encoding 16:0‐ACP thioesterase activity. In this report, we isolated full length cDNAs of three of the four unique FATB genes expressed in soybean and show that the isoform designated GmFATB1a represents the specific gene deleted in lines possessing the fapnc locus. Allele specific primers corresponding to GmFATB1a were used to genotype plants from two F4‐derived populations that were segregating for fapnc The GmFATB1a‐specific markers were effective in accounting for 62 to 70% of the genotypic variation in palmitate content in the two populations studied. Because the markers developed in this study are 100% linked to the locus of interest, they should be particularly useful in marker‐assisted selection programs designed to lower the palmitic acid levels of soybean oil.
Records of players in the Parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate
Authors: Bentley G. E.
Published: February 2007

The parish of St. Giles without Cripplegate is a most important one in the history of the early English drama. Within its confines and some five minutes walk to the north of the parish church stood the Fortune theatre, whose ancient site is still marked by the Playhouse Yard running between Golden Lane and White-cross Street. There are Elizabethan aspects to the parish still. One cannot elbow his way through the grimy crowds of White-cross Street Market and hear the occasional “Buy, buy, buy!” and the commoner “They're love-ly! They're love-ly!” and watch the haggling over fish and peepshows and lace and panaceas without thinking of earlier days.
Drinking Alcohol Causes Certain Cancers, So Why Don’t Labels Warn About That?
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: February 2025

This Medical News article discusses updating health warning labels on alcoholic beverages to include the fact that drinking alcohol causes certain cancers, with examples of initiatives in Canada, Ireland, and South Korea.
Landmark Study Aims to Enroll 100 000 Black Women to Investigate Their Cancer Risks and Outcomes
Authors: Bock Anna
Published: February 2025

This Medical News article discusses the American Cancer Society’s VOICES of Black Women population cohort study, the largest ever study of Black women in the US.
Cumulative Excess Body Mass Index and MGUS Progression to Myeloma
Authors: Liu Lawrence , Grandhi Nikhil , Wang Mei , Proskuriakova Ekaterina , Thomas Theodore , Schoen Martin W. , Sanfilippo Kristen M. , Carson Kenneth R. , Visram Alissa , Vachon Celine , Colditz Graham , Janakiram Murali , Ji Mengmeng , Chang Su-Hsin
Published: February 2025

Importance

Obesity is a risk factor associated with multiple myeloma (MM) and its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). However, it is unclear how cumulative exposure to obesity affects the risk of MGUS progression to MM.

Objective

To determine the association of cumulative exposure to excess body mass index (EBMI), defined as BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) greater than 25, with risk of MGUS progression to MM.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included patients with MGUS, including immunoglobin G, immunoglobin A, or light chain MGUS, from the nationwide US Veterans Health Administration database from October 1, 1999, to December 31, 2021. A published natural language processing–assisted model was used to confirm diagnoses of MGUS and progression to MM. Data were analyzed from February 12 to November 4, 2024.

Exposures

Cumulative EBMI was calculated by area under the curve of measured BMI subtracting the reference BMI at 25 during the first 3 years after MGUS diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was progression from MGUS to MM. Multivariable Fine-Gray time-to-competing-event analyses, with death as the competing event, were used to determine associations.

Results

The cohort included 22 429 patients with MGUS (median [IQR] age, 70.5 [63.5-77.9] years; 21 613 [96.4%] male), with 8329 Black patients (37.1%) and 14 100 White patients (62.9%). There were 4862 patients (21.7%) with reference range BMI (18.5 to <25), 7619 patients (34.0%) with BMI 25 to less than 30, and 8513 patients (38.0%) with BMI 30 or greater at the time of MGUS diagnosis. Compared with reference range BMI at MGUS diagnosis, patients with BMI 25 to less than 30 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34) or 30 or greater (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09-1.47) at MGUS diagnosis had higher risk of progression to MM. In patients with reference range BMI at MGUS diagnosis, each 1-unit increase of EBMI per year was associated with a 21% increase in progression risk (aHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.40). However, for patients with BMI 25 or greater at MGUS diagnosis, the incremental risk associated with cumulative EBMI exposure was not statistically significant.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that, for patients with BMI 18.5 to less than 25 at the time of MGUS diagnosis, cumulative exposure to BMI 25 or greater was associated with an increased risk of progression. These findings suggest that for these patients, maintaining a healthy and stable weight following MGUS diagnosis may prevent progression to MM.
L3 English Learning and Teaching
Authors: Archibald John , Wu Junyu
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the range of contexts in which English is taught as a third language globally. We consider situations where the L3 classroom makeup would be quite fixed (such as a minority L1 and a majority L2; or a majority L1 and a colonial L2) as well as contexts where the L3 classrooms can be quite mixed (such as cases where there is an immigrant population with diverse language histories). Three prominent models of third language acquisition are discussed: the Typological Primacy Model, the L2 Status Factor Model, and the Linguistic Proximity Model.
Technology for Reading and Writing Motivation Using Social‐Emotional Learning
Authors: Martínez‐Alba Gilda , Herrera Luis Javier Pentón , Guerrero Judith Cruzado
Published: February 2025

Providing students with an engaging environment where they feel motivated to learn can be a (good) challenge. Taking into account students' ability levels, interests, language proficiencies, ages, cultures, and backgrounds, teachers can begin to work toward this goal. The Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles offer teachers a framework encompassing objectives, strategies, materials, and assessments tailored to diverse learners. Additionally, fostering choice while considering students' backgrounds and abilities and utilizing various technologies can be a productive approach to cultivating a supportive environment. As technology evolves, teachers can also build their knowledge to assist students in learning reading and writing skills with the most current advances using the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards. Engaging in these activities can inspire students to develop their reading and writing skills, all the while imparting knowledge about tools that will benefit them in their upcoming academic endeavors and future professional paths through the lens of social‐emotional learning (SEL).
Tailored Nickel Base Multilayer Systems with Adjusted Grain Size and Chemical Composition
Authors: Luksch Jutta , Niegisch Johannes , Jordt Maike , Weissenberger Marion , Pauly Christoph , Schaefer Florian , Motz Christian
Published: February 2025

Metal multilayers exhibit improved material properties in a wide range of applications. Used as coatings, they can make a component more resistant to wear or corrosion in particular environments. Multilayer coatings can also be used to add additional properties to a component and make it multifunctional. The fabrication and characterization of multilayers are therefore an important issue. Herein, both the fabrication and characterization of Ni/Cu and nanocrystalline/coarse‐grained Ni (nc/cg‐Ni) multilayers are presented. The production by means of electrodeposition also allows a variation of layer thicknesses from a few nanometers up to a few hundred micrometers and is easily scalable to industrial application. This article describes the single‐bath deposition and analyzes the microstructure and composition of the homogeneously deposited Ni/Cu and nc/cg‐Ni multilayers. A modulation of hardness in nc/cg‐Ni varying from 4.9 to 6.1 GPa is achieved while the elastic modulus is nearly constant. In Ni/Cu multilayers, hardness varies from 6.4 to 6.1 GPa in the Ni‐ and Cu‐rich layers, respectively. Additionally, the reduced Young's modulus ranges from 187.2 (Ni‐rich) to 169.8 GPa (Cu‐rich). The layer interfaces in both sample types are tested using microbending cantilevers and are found be pore‐free, mechanically stable and show crack‐free plastic deformation.
Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Enable High‐Efficiency and Water‐Resistance CO2/N2 Separation
Authors: Zhang Pinyue , Zhang Chi , Zhu Changyan , Dong Junchao , Zhang Hao , Shao Tianci , Ma Dan , Tian Yuyang , Zou Xiaoqin
Published: February 2025

Membrane separation is advantageous in mitigating excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of worldwide concern. However, most membranes are vulnerable to water during CO2 separation from combustion disposal gas, resulting in performance deterioration. Water‐resistant covalent organic framework (COF) membranes for efficient CO2 separation from wet gas stream are designed and synthesized. Two COFs termed as COF‐TpPa‐1‐CF3 and COF‐TFBPa‐CF3 are constructed using planar trifluoromethyl‐functionalized monomers; featuring open straight pores, high hydrophobicity, and unique CO2 affinity. Liquid–liquid interfacial polymerization renders the self‐standing COF membranes free of cracks. COF‐TFBPa‐CF3 and COF‐TpPa‐1‐CF3 membranes are able to separate CO2 from N2 under dry and wet conditions; and the former membrane is more resistant against water than the latter one, demonstrated by invariant gas permeation. The COF‐TFBPa‐CF3 membrane exhibits exceptional CO2 permeability (>9000 Barrer) and high CO2/N2 selectivity (>25), superior to other reported COF membranes. Moreover, the selectivity‐permeability product breaks 2008 upper bound. The excellent separation performance, water stability, and high reproducibility promise COF‐TFBPa‐CF3 membrane in practical CO2 separation from post‐combustion gas.
Regulation of Configurational Entropy to Realize Long Cycle Lifespan of High Entropy Alloy Anodes for Potassium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruiying , Xue Huichun , Du Daoguang , Shen Yue , Zheng Jia , Li Changwei , Feng Zhongmin , Sun Ting
Published: February 2025

High entropy alloys (HEAs) with entropy‐driven stabilization are attractive in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs); however, they suffer from phase segregation due to the disparity of versatile components. Confining multifarious metals into the same lattice using ligands with full‐coordination abilities allows for delicate control at the nanoscale level and thus decreases atom diffusion. This chemical synthesis can suppress phase segregation and realize HEAs for PIB anodes. Herein, a new MnCoNiCuZn‐based HEA nanoparticle encapsulated within nitrogen‐doped carbon (HEA‐NPs@NC) is fabricated for PIB anodes. The flexible chlorhexidine is selected due to its long chain, large steric bulkiness, abundant neutral tetradentate donors, and large coordination ability. The high entropy effect and the “cocktail” effect of HEA‐NPs@NC allow for tailoring electrochemical functionalities, including multiple K+ transport paths, good conductivity, and entropy stability. The HEA‐NPs@NC anode achieves a long lifespan of over 3000 cycles, impressive capacity (513 mAh g−1), and high‐rate performance (202 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). The ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations elucidated the HEA acts as an “atomic composite” and forms interstitial metallic solid solutions with K due to the interaction of constituent elements.
Precision Molecular Engineering of Carbon Nitride for Efficient and Selective Photoreduction of CO2 to C2H6 in Pure Water
Authors: Chen Zihe , Ding Guixiang , Wang Zhaoqiang , Xiao Yin , Liu Xin , Chen Lihui , Li Chunxue , Huang Hongwei , Liao Guangfu
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into high‐value C2+ products such as C2H6 is of great importance but challenging due to their multi‐electron steps and high energy barrier of C─C coupling. Moreover, improving its solar‐to‐chemical (STC) energy conversion efficiency in pure water beyond the current 1% empirical value is also a significant challenge. Herein, graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets with controllable carbon (C) doping and nitrogen (N) vacancies (PCCN‐x) are designed through a biochar‐tailored protocol for efficiently and selectively photo‐converting CO2 into C2H6. The optimal PCCN‐10 photocatalyst enables the achievement of an exceptional C2H6 activity of 99.14 µmol g−1 h−1 with C2H6 selectivity of 80.33% over 20 h in pure water. A record STC efficiency of ≈1.13% for solar fuel production from CO2 and H2O vapor is also achieved without any other energy inputs. Outdoor tests also demonstrated an impressive CO2‐to‐C2H6 photo‐conversion rate of 43.17 µmol g−1 h−1 in pure water, with stable activity over 50 h period. Critically, experimental and theoretical calculations further confirm the pivotal role of bridged C sites and N vacancies in activating CO2 molecules and promoting the formation of C─C coupling intermediate (*OCCO), which is very beneficial for the production of C2H6. The impressive performance of this work in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to high‐value C2H6 fuels paves the way for large‐scale fuel production and broader sustainable applications.
A Self‐Detection Mechanism Toward Stable Multiple Perception of Ionic Skins
Authors: Shen Shuting , Liu Chengfei , Fan Wenxin , Sui Kunyan
Published: February 2025

Ionic skins (I‐skins) hold significant potential for mimicking the complex sensory functions of human skin. However, they suffer from unstable sensing performance because the water content and temperature of I‐skins are susceptible to the surrounding environment. Here, a self‐detection sensing mechanism designed to address this critical issue, ensuring stable perception of multiple stimuli in I‐skins, is introduced. It is demonstrated that gradient polyelectrolyte (GP) conductors possess two parameters—resistance and self‐induced potential—that are responsive to temperature and water content. Through establishing the functional relations of resistance and potential against temperature and water content based on the Nernst−Planck and Arrhenius equations, respectively, the temperature and water content of resulting GP I‐skins can be self‐detected/calculated in real‐time from the measured resistance and potential signals. Such self‐detection capability allows GP I‐skins not only to self‐calibrate their sensing parameters for accurate detection of mechanical stimuli across varying environmental conditions but also to discern surrounding temperature and humidity in accordance with Flory−Rehner theory. This self‐detection sensing mechanism offers a powerful tool for developing I‐skins capable of stable perception of multiple stimuli in changing environments without complex and undesired encapsulation.
Engineering Novel DNA Nanoarchitectures for Targeted Drug Delivery and Aptamer Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Dwivedy Abhisek , Baskaran Dhyanesh , Sharma Gaurav , Hong Wei , Gandavadi Dhanush , Krissanaprasit Abhichart , Han Joonsu , Liu Yusheng , Zimmers Zack , Mafokwane Tshepo , Hayah Ichrak , Chauhan Neha , Zheng Mengxi , Yao Sherwood , Fraser Keith , Decker John S. , Jin Xiaohe , Wang Hua , Friedman Adam D. , Wang Xing
Published: February 2025

The specific and potent delivery of anticancer drugs to targeted cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains a critical need to maximize on‐target, on‐tumor effects while minimizing on‐target, off‐tumor toxicities. Herein, the designer DNA architecture (DDA)‐templated drug conjugates (DDA‐DCs) customized are presented to deliver daunorubicin (Dau) specifically and potently to a subset of CSCs: acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that often maintain minimal residual disease (MRD) and cause relapse. These DDA‐DCs target LSCs via CD117‐ and CD123‐binding aptamers: aptamers that when used alone disrupts the MAP Kinase and apoptosis signaling pathways, leading to a 40% reduction in cell viability over 72 h. These aptamers, when loaded with dsDNA‐intercalating Dau and docked to DDA platforms, exhibit potent and selective cytotoxicity against CD117+/CD123+ AML cells, achieving a reduction in effective drug dosage by 500‐fold ex vivo and up to 10‐fold in vivo AML models. These DDA‐DC strategy confers many advantages over other targeted therapies, such as selective cell targeting based on cell surface biomarker profiles (not just individual biomarkers that are often expressed by healthy tissues), titratable affinity, pattern matching, multiplexing, multidrug delivery, and target cell drug sensitization. The combination of these features yields superior anticancer efficacies with minimal off‐target effects.
Continuous‐Wave Pumped Self‐Assembled Colloidal Topological Lasers
Authors: Duan Rui , Zhang Qiang , Thung Yi Tian , Zhou Xuehong , Yin Tingting , Ao Yutian , Xiao Lian , Zhang Zitong , Lee Calvin Xiu Xian , Ren Tianhua , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Lew Wen Siang , Zhang Baile , Sun Handong
Published: February 2025

The field of optoelectronic integrated circuits is actively developing reliable and efficient room‐temperature continuous‐wave (CW) lasers. CW‐pumped lasers combine the economical and simple manufacturing processes of colloidal semiconductor lasers with the efficient and stable output of continuous pumping, enabling them to significantly impact the field of semiconductor lasers. However, development is still severely challenged by limitations such as gain materials and cavity structures. Consequently, as a compromise, most colloidal semiconductor lasers proposed to date have relied on another pulsed laser as the pumping source. In this study, a self‐assembled colloidal topological laser is proposed that benefits from CW pumping at room temperature. By utilizing an interfacial self‐assembly strategy, nanoplatelets (NPLs) are managed to control the collective orientation (face‐down or edge‐up), achieving controlled polarization of amplified spontaneous emission for the first time. Furthermore, precise control over the thickness of a single NPL layer is demonstrated, which enables the laser system to offer extensive wavelength tunability (over 50 nm), ultra‐high polarization (over 95%), and good temporal stability. These metrics signify the optimal performance level of colloidal semiconductor lasers, marking a new era in solution processing systems for the optoelectronic integrated circuit field.
Interpretable Radiomics Model Predicts Nanomedicine Tumor Accumulation Using Routine Medical Imaging
Authors: Tang Jiajia , Zhang Jie , Li Yang , Hu Yongzhi , He Doudou , Ni Hao , Zhang Jiulou , Wu Feiyun , Tang Yuxia , Wang Shouju
Published: February 2025

Accurately predicting nanomedicine accumulation is critical for guiding patient stratification and optimizing treatment strategies in the context of precision medicine. However, non‐invasive prediction of nanomedicine accumulation remains challenging, primarily due to the complexity of identifying relevant imaging features that predict accumulation. Here, a novel non‐invasive method is proposed that utilizes standard‐of‐care medical imaging modalities, including computed tomography and ultrasound, combined with a radiomics‐based model to predict nanomedicine accumulation in tumor. The model is validated using a test dataset consisting of seven tumor xenografts in mice and three sizes of gold nanoparticles, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851. The median accumulation levels of tumors predicted as “high accumulators” are 2.69 times greater than those predicted as “low accumulators”. Analysis of this machine‐learning‐driven interpretable radiomics model revealed imaging features that are strongly correlated with dense stroma, a recognized biological barrier to effective nanomedicine delivery. Radiomics‐based prediction of tumor accumulation holds promise for stratifying patient and enabling precise tailoring of nanomedicine treatment strategies.
Ultra‐Sensitive Short‐Wave Infrared Single‐Photon Detection Using a Silicon Single‐Electron Transistor
Authors: Sudha Pooja , Miyagawa Shogo , Samanta Arup , Moraru Daniel
Published: February 2025

Ultra‐sensitive short‐wave infrared (SWIR) photon detection is a crucial aspect of ongoing research in quantum technology. However, developing such detectors on a CMOS‐compatible silicon technological platform has been challenging due to the low absorption coefficient for silicon in the SWIR range. In this study, a codoped silicon‐based single‐electron transistor (SET) in a silicon‐on‐insulator field‐effect transistor (SOI‐FET) configuration is fabricated, which successfully detects single photons in the SWIR range with ultra‐high sensitivity. The detection mechanism is evidenced by the shift in the onset of the SET current peaks and by the occurrence of random telegraph signals (RTS) under light irradiation, as compared to the dark condition. The calculated sensitivity of our device, in terms of noise equivalent power (NEP), is ≈10−19 W Hz−1/2.
Realization of Non‐Equilibrium Wurtzite Structure in Heterovalent Ternary MgSiN2 Film Grown by Reactive Sputtering
Authors: Kageyama Sotaro , Okamoto Kazuki , Yasuoka Shinnosuke , Ide Keisuke , Hanzawa Kota , Hiranaga Yoshiomi , Hsieh Pochun , Hazra Sankalpa , Suceava Albert , Saha Akash , Yokota Hiroko , Shigematsu Kei , Azuma Masaki , Gopalan Venkatraman , Uchida Hiroshi , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Funakubo Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

The piezoelectric and ferroelectric applications of heterovalent ternary materials are not well explored. Epitaxial MgSiN2 films are grown at 600 °C on (111)Pt//(001)Al2O3 substrates by the reactive sputtering method using metallic Mg and Si under the N2 atmosphere. Detailed X‐ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the epitaxially grown films on the substrates have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with c‐axis out‐of‐plane orientation. The random occupation of this structure by Mg and Si differs from that of the previously reported structure in which these two cations periodically occupy the cationic sites. However, the lattice spacings closely approximate those that are previously reported, irrespective of the ordering, and they are almost comparable with those of (Al0.8Sc0.2)N. The wide bandgap of >5.0 eV in deposited MgSiN2 is compatible with that of AlN and suggests durability against the application of strong external electric fields, possibly to induce polarization switching. In addition, MgSiN2 is shown to have piezoelectric properties with an effective d33 value of 2.3 pm V−1 for the first time. This work demonstrates the compositional expansion of hexagonal wurtzite to heterovalent ternary nitrides for novel piezoelectric materials, whose ferroelectricity is expected.
Outcomes of Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma Treated With R‐GemOx: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Yamshon Samuel , Koff Jean L. , Larson Melissa C. , Kahl Brad S. , Casulo Carla , Lossos Izidore S. , Haddadi Sara , Stanchina Michele , Chihara Dai , Ayers Amy , Habermann Thomas M. , Wang Yucai , Khurana Arushi , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Reicks Tanner W. , Farooq Umar , Link Brian K. , Cohen Jonathon B. , Martin Peter , Li Jia , Shewade Ashwini , Batlevi Connie Lee , Lo‐Rossi Andrea , Fox David , Masaquel Anthony , Mun Yong , Cerhan James R. , Flowers Christopher R. , Maurer Matthew J. , Nastoupil Loretta J.
Published: February 2025

Rituximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin (R‐GemOx) is a commonly used chemoimmunotherapy regimen for relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but there are limited real‐world data. In a multicenter retrospective study from a cohort of eight US academic centers (LEO CReWE), we evaluated 183 patients with R/R DLBCL and high‐grade B cell lymphoma treated with R‐GemOx, including subgroups treated without intent for consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy (n = 100), those utilizing R‐GemOx as a bridge to ASCT or CAR T (n = 83), and those aged 70 and older (n = 71). Overall response rates (ORRs) for all patients treated with R‐GemOx were 45% with a complete response (CR) rate of 29%. The median event‐free survival (EFS) was 2.3 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 13.5 months. Patients receiving R‐GemOx without intent for ASCT or CAR T had ORR and CR rates of 33% and 18%, respectively, with median EFS and OS of 2.0 and 9.5 months, respectively. Patients receiving R‐GemOx as a bridge to ASCT or CAR T had ORR and CR rates of 57% and 36%, respectively, with median EFS and OS of 3.5 and 17.4 months, respectively. Patients receiving R‐GemOx aged 70 and older had ORR and CR rates of 53% and 33%, respectively, with median EFS and OS of 2.2 and 13.9 months, respectively. These data provide a benchmark for R‐GemOx in the rapidly evolving landscape of R/R DLBCL therapies.
Establishment and characterization of liver‐specific Apoa4‐Cre and Cyp2c11‐Cre rat models in juvenile and adult stages
Authors: Dong Wei , Gao Xiang , Guan Feifei , Pan Jirong , Chen Wei , Zhang Li , Zhang Lianfeng
Published: February 2025

Background

Liver diseases are a major contributor to both morbidity and mortality. Conditional knockout animals are always produced through crossing floxed animals with a tissue‐specific Cre animal. The use of floxed rat resource has rapidly increased, but the liver‐specific Cre rat lines for studying liver diseases and interested genes are limited, especially in a spatially and temporally restricted manner.

Methods

RNA sequencing and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to screen and confirm the presence of liver‐specific genes. Apoa4‐Cre rats and Cyp2c11‐Cre rats were produced by CRISPR/Cas9 knockin. Rosa26‐imCherry rats were employed to hybridize with the Cre rats to obtain the Apoa4‐Cre/Rosa26‐imCherry and Cyp2c11‐Cre/Rosa26‐imCherry rats. The temporal and spatial patterns of Cre expression were determined by the observation of red fluorescence on tissue sections. Hematoxylin–eosin stain was used to evaluate the liver histopathologic changes. The blood biochemical analysis of several liver enzymes and liver lipid profile was performed to evaluate the liver function of Cre rats.

Results

Apoa4 and Cyp2c11 were identified as two liver‐specific genes. Apoa4‐Cre and Cyp2c11‐Cre rats were produced and hybridized with Rosa26‐imCherry rats. The red fluorescence indicated that the Cre recombinases were specially expressed in the juvenile and adult liver and not in other organs of two hybridized rats. All the blood biochemical parameters except low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) did not change significantly in the Cre rats. No histological alterations were detected in the livers of the Cre rats.

Conclusions

Liver‐specific Apoa4‐Cre and Cyp2c11‐Cre rats have been established successfully and could be used to study gene knockout, specifically in juvenile and adult liver.
Barrierless Electron Transfer in a Photosynthetic Reaction Center Model
Authors: Ullrich Tobias , Ramírez‐Wierzbicki Ivana , Slep Leonardo D. , Cadranel Alejandro
Published: February 2025

Vibrational spectroscopy is the ultimate tool to reveal whether any donor‐acceptor system is truly delocalized and therefore characterized by a single‐welled potential energy surface, or if it is marginally localized with a barrier that defines two minima. Our femtosecond IR absorption investigations on cyanide‐bridged mixed valence systems show a broad, intense and downshifted CN vibration signature, revealing, for the first time, an asymmetric, fully delocalized Class III photoinduced mixed valence system.
Permeability of 3D Printed Acrylate Rubbers
Authors: Stovall Benjamin J. , Rafalko Charles J. , Cassady Harrison J. , Zimudzi Tawanda J. , Nyoni Hlengilizwe , Hickner Michael A.
Published: February 2025

The versatility of vat photopolymerization additive manufactured (VPAM) elastomers garners much interest in the production of medical supplies and microfluidic devices. However, little research has characterized the liquid barrier properties and chemical resistance specifically related to these emerging acrylate‐based VPAM polymers. Herein, we describe a systematic approach to studying the structure–property relationships for a series of 3D printable elastomers from commonly used monomers and crosslinkers, including n‐butyl acrylate (BA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Polymer samples showed elongations‐to‐break between 200%–400% and Young's moduli between 0.4–0.6 MPa. The study helps to develop a picture of the chemical space inhabited by these model systems via permeability experiments and relation to Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). The permeability of the tested solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine, isopropanol (IPA), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was related to the composition and increased water uptake of the materials. As the weight percent of HEA increased in the polymer composition, the permeability of all solvents increased. The magnitude of the permeability depended on solvent interactions with water, quantified by HSPs, and was independent of polymer composition. THF exhibited the highest permeability through the polymer membranes due to its low HSP. The formulated elastomers represent modular VPAM materials accessible with current commercial 3D printing technology that can be deployed for specific applications.
A Transparent, Abrasion‐Resistant Anti‐Fog Coating on Glass Substrates
Authors: Yang Sijia , Song Xiao , Wei Ran , Zhou Chuanjiang , Wu Zhaoqiang , Chen Hong
Published: February 2025

The formation of fog on the surface of transparent glass severely reduces its transmittance, which limits its application in medical devices, optical instruments, and other industries that require high transmittance. A new transparent, water‐resistant, and abrasion‐resistant PVA anti‐fog coating based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 5‐sulfosalicylic acid (SAD), and ammonium persulfate (APS) was developed in this study. The hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfonic acid groups in the SAD molecule can form dense hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the PVA side chain, which increases the water resistance of the coating. APS, as a free radical initiator, can produce sulfate radicals during the thermal curing of the coating and eventually form a cross‐linked structure of the PVA main carbon chain, thereby further improving the water resistance, friction resistance, and thermal stability of the coating. The experimental results show that the transparent glass surface modified by the coating not only has excellent light transmittance and anti‐fog performance but also has good abrasion resistance and thermal stability. In addition, the preparation method of the transparent hydrophilic anti‐fog coating is simple and convenient, and nontoxic and environmentally friendly water is used as the solvent, which is expected to be used in large‐scale industrial production.
Self‐Healing Waterborne Polyurethane With Enhanced Mechanical Properties Based on Nano‐Silica
Authors: Zhao Kaiyang , Zhou Chao , Liu Li , Wu Guangfeng
Published: February 2025

Waterborne polyurethanes with self‐healing damage and restore mechanical properties became widely used. The self‐healing performance was closely related to good chain segment mobility, but loose chain segments could weaken mechanical properties. High mechanical performance and high self‐healing performance were contradictory. Therefore, research on how to ensure high self‐healing while improving the mechanical properties of materials became one of the research directions for self‐healing materials. In this work, waterborne polyurethanes with disulfide bonds were first prepared, and then nano‐silica was dispersed through mechanical stirring to obtain silica‐modified self‐healing waterborne polyurethane (SWPU‐SiX). The effect of nano‐silica content on the properties of SWPU‐SiX were studied. It was found that the tensile strength of the prepared material reached 16.58 MPa, and the toughness reached 67.51 MJ/m3representing increases of 397.57% and 150.43% compared to SWPU, respectively. It could be almost completely healed at 80C. The enhancement of these properties provides a new method for the research of self‐healing materials.
A Rhodamine‐and‐Naphthalimide Based Dual‐chromophore for Fast and Sensitive Detection of Nerve‐agent Mimic and Real Nerve Agents
Authors: Wang Rongxin , Liu Shanshan , Wang Xubin , Qin Molin , Yan Zhen , Qiao Min , Ding Liping , Kong Jinglin , Fang Yu
Published: February 2025

For the sake of public safety and citizen health, the development of efficient and portable detection devices to nerve agents is critical. In this investigation, a naphthalimide‐rhodamine based dual‐chromophore, RNI−P, was synthesized and applied to detect nerve‐agent mimic diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) and real nerve agents. The probe exhibits inherently weak fluorescence due to the PET processes from both piperazine and rhodamine units to the naphthalimide unit. It shows rapid fluorescence enhancement to DCP in aqueous solution, demonstrating exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the probe‐inked paper strip can also rapidly respond to DCP vapor when integrated into a lab‐made portable sensing platform. The detection limit to DCP vapor can be as low as 130 ppb. Most notably, the probe is capable of quickly and effectively detecting real nerve agents such as sarin and soman in aqueous solution, highlighting its significant potential for practical use. The turn‐on responses are attributed to the prohibition of PET processes through protonation of the probe. This study reveals that not only the usual nucleophilic groups but also a second fluorophore can cause effective PET process to the core chromophore and empowers the probe with strong potential for efficient detection of nerve agents.