bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimetional Outcome and Long-Term Evaluation of Non-Avoidance Stutterung Therapy
Authors: Georgieva Dobrinka
Published: April 2015

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF, WHO, 2001) is a constructive framework for quality assessment and treatment in Logopedics (Speech Language Therapy). The current research study makes an attempt to introduce this standard into logopedical practice and applied research to measure the quality of life of persons with fluency disorders, such as stuttering. The quality of life is a modern multidimensional construct that covers health-medical, psychological, social and economic factors. Good level of communication and stabilized fluency is of key importance to improve the quality of life of persons who stutter.

The purpose of the study was to show a model of assessment, treatment and evaluation of the efficacy of the non-avoidance approach in adult stuttering therapy.

Methods: CharlesVan Riper’s non-avoidance approach for an intensive therapy. Participants were 15 adults who stutter with an average age 25.2 years.

Results: Specific significant decreasing of the two main parameters: index of dysfluencies immediately after the intensive therapy as well as duration of disfluences in seconds. The changes in speech fluency before and after the intensive therapy as well as 3 years after this therapy were obtained regarding the duration of disfluencies and index of dysfluency.

Conclusion: The present model of an intensive non-avoidance therapy format for adults with stuttering disorders was successfully applied for the Bulgarian conditions. Improved fluency is an important factor for quality of life improvement of persons with stuttering disorder.
An Evidence-Based Analysis of Self-Regulated Strategy Development Writing Interventions for Students with Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Alharbi Areej , Hott Brittany L. , Jones Beth A. , Henry Harvetta R.
Published: April 2015

Background: Approximately 5% of school-aged children in the United States receive special education services under the specific learning disabilities category. Additionally, 20% of all students experience difficulty with writing, spelling, and handwriting.

Goal: This literature review provides a synthesis of single case studies evaluating the use of self-regulated strategy development SRSD) for students with specific learning disabilities.

Method: Percentage of non-overlapping data PND) and Percentage of Data Exceeding the Median (PEM) were used as a common metric to evaluate studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Results: Fifteen articles evaluating seven SRSD writing intervention strategies met study inclusion criteria. Both mean PND (89.69%, Range = 38% - 100%) and mean PEM (0.98, Range = 0.91 - 1.00) suggest that SRSD writing interventions are effective to highly effective.

Conclusions: Althoudh additional research is needed, the results suggest that self-regulated writing strategies are an effective intervention to support students with specific learning disabilities experiencing difficulty with writing.
Conversational implicatures, reference point constructions, and that noun thing
Authors: Salmon William
Published: April 2015

This paper offers the first empirical and theoretical account of an NP construction referred to as
Functionality Assessment of Ecodesign Support System
Authors: Dostatni Ewa , Diakun Jacek , Grajewski Damian , Wichniarek Radoslaw , Karwasz Anna
Published: April 2015

In the paper the issue of ecological-oriented product design is addressed. The definitions that concern product design are listed and the factors that make them important for the manufacturers are indicated. The method of ecological-oriented product assessment during the design process (implemented in the 3D CAD system), drawn-up by authors, is used for the analysis. The assessment of real household appliance using the method is presented and the conclusions from the evaluation are drawn.
A new species of Microchilus (Goodyerinae, Orchidaceae) from Peru
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L.
Published: April 2015

A new species of Microchilus Presl is described and illustrated based on Peruvian material. The new entity resembles M. laegaardii Ormerod, from which it differs by the long leaf petiole and sheath, as well as by spur length and lip form. A key for identification of Peruvian Microchilus species is also provided.
Linguistic innovations in the immigration context as initial stages of a partially restructured variety: Evidence from SE constructions in the Portuguese of the East Timorese diaspora in Portugal
Authors: Afonso Susana , Goglia Francesco
Published: April 2015

Portuguese became one of the official languages of independent East Timor after ca. 25 years of Indonesian rule; this prevented the partial restructuring of an East Timorese variety of Portuguese in a similar way to that undergone by other Portuguese varieties (e.g., Mozambican, Angolan and Vernacular Brazilian Portuguese). We will discuss the idiosyncratic use of SE constructions in the speech of literate Portuguese-speaking East Timorese immigrants in Portugal, who will go back to East Timor and will be likely to lead language change. Given this particular link between East Timor and its diasporas, linguistic innovations in the immigration context can shed light on the initial stages of a future partially-restructured East Timorese Portuguese variety. SE constructions are highly polysemous and marked and the data show that innovative patterns are emerging, comprising deletion and generalization of the clitic as well as creative uses of these constructions, mainly observed in impersonal and spontaneous situation types. These innovative patterns can be attributed to L2 acquisition and to the interference of Tetum Dili.
Using Ecological Niche Modeling For Biodiversity Conservation Guidance In The Western Podillya (Ukraine): Amphibians
Authors: Tytar V. , Mezhzherin S. , Sobolenko L.
Published: April 2015

Maximum entropy niche modeling was employed as a tool to assess potential habitat suitability for 13 amphibian species and to map their potential distribution in the Western Podillya (Ukraine). The predictor variables used were of climate, topography and human impact (assessed by the Human Footprint). The “mean temperature of coldest quarter” and “isothermality” were two of the most important factors in predicting habitat suitability and distribution. Another profound contribution has been displayed by the Human Footprint, meaning that human infrastructure may benefit amphibians, a phenomenon that perhaps is much more widespread than thought. Areas have been distinguished that in the first place should be of interest to nature conservationists targeting amphibians (exemplified by Bombina variegata) and a map summarizing species richness was produced.
Finding Of Gyrodactylus perccotti (Plathelminthes, Gyrodactylidae) In Water Bodies Of Kyiv Region
Authors: Zaichenko N. V.
Published: April 2015

Specific parasite of the introduced by accident fish the Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii, monogenean Gyrodactylus perccotti Ergens et Yukhimenko, 1973 was found in Kyiv Region, Ukraine. Dimensions of haptoral chitinous parts are given.
The Ground-Beetles Of The Genus Anthracus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Of Ukraine
Authors: Putchkov A. V. , Nitochko M. I.
Published: April 2015

The data of geographical distribution of 3 species of the genus Anthracus Motschulsky, 1850 in Ukraine are presented. Th e short geographical and ecological data and a key of Anthracus are given.
Boundary-Layer Flow of Walters’ B Fluid with Newtonian Heating
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Shafiq Anum , Mustafa Meraj , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: April 2015

This work studies the flow of Walters-B fluid over a stretching surface with Newtonian heating. The governing partial differential equations are first simplified through boundary layer approximations and then reduced into ordinary differential equations by using the appropriate substitutions. The resulting problems have been solved for the series solutions by a homotopic approach. Convergence analysis is performed and appropriate values are determined by plotting the so-called ℏ-curves. Graphical results for the dimensionless velocity and temperature are presented and discussed for various physical parameters. In addition, the expressions of skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are presented. The dimensionless expressions of wall shear stress and wall mass flux are analysed graphically and numerically.
Higher-Order Rogue Waves for a Fifth-Order Dispersive Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in an Optical Fibre
Authors: Wang Qi-Min , Gao Yi-Tian , Su Chuan-Qi , Shen Yu-Jia , Feng Yu-Jie , Xue Long
Published: April 2015

In this article, a fifth-order dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger equation is investigated, which describes the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses, up to the attosecond duration, in an optical fibre. Rogue wave solutions are derived by virtue of the generalised Darboux transformation. Rogue wave structures and interaction are discussed through (i) the analyses on the higher-order rogue waves, the cubic, quartic, quintic, group-velocity, and phase-parameter effects; (ii) a higher-order rogue wave consisting of the first-order rogue waves via the interaction; (iii) characteristics of the rogue waves which are summarised, including the maximum/minimum values of the rogue waves and the number of the first-order rogue waves for composing the higher-order rogue wave; and (iv) spatial-temporal patterns which are illustrated and compared with those of the ‘self-focusing’ nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We find that the quintic terms increase the time of appearance for the first-order rogue waves which form the higher-order rogue wave, and that the quintic terms affect the interaction among the first-order rogue waves, which elongates the distance of appearance for the higher-order rogue wave.
Driving Sleep Slow Oscillations by Auditory Closed-Loop Stimulation—A Self-Limiting Process
Authors: Ngo Hong-Viet V. , Miedema Arjan , Faude Isabel , Martinetz Thomas , Mölle Matthias , Born Jan
Published: April 2015

The <1 Hz EEG slow oscillation (SO) is a hallmark of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and is critically involved in sleep-associated memory formation. Previous studies showed that SOs and associated memory function can be effectively enhanced by closed-loop auditory stimulation, when clicks are presented in synchrony with upcoming SO up states. However, increasing SOs and synchronized excitability also bear the risk of emerging seizure activity, suggesting the presence of mechanisms in the healthy brain that counter developing hypersynchronicity during SOs. Here, we aimed to test the limits of driving SOs through closed-loop auditory stimulation in healthy humans. Study I tested a “Driving stimulation” protocol (vs “Sham”) in which trains of clicks were presented in synchrony with SO up states basically as long as an ongoing SO train was identified on-line. Study II compared Driving stimulation with a “2-Click” protocol where the maximum of stimuli delivered in a train was limited to two clicks. Stimulation was applied during SWS in the first 210 min of nocturnal sleep. Before and after sleep declarative word-pair memories were tested. Compared with the Sham control, Driving stimulation prolonged SO trains and enhanced SO amplitudes, phase-locked spindle activity, and overnight retention of word pairs (allps < 0.05). Importantly, effects of Driving stimulation did not exceed those of 2-Click stimulation (p> 0.180), indicating the presence of a mechanism preventing the development of hypersynchronicity during SO activity. Assessment of temporal dynamics revealed a rapidly fading phase-locked spindle activity during repetitive click stimulation, suggesting that spindle refractoriness contributes to this protective mechanism.
Modulation of Spinal Motor Output by Initial Arm Postures in Anesthetized Monkeys
Authors: Yaguchi Hiroaki , Takei Tomohiko , Kowalski David , Suzuki Takafumi , Mabuchi Kunihiko , Seki Kazuhiko
Published: April 2015

Proper execution of voluntary movement requires a sensorimotor transformation based on the initial limb state. For example, successfully reaching to a stable target requires the recruitment of different muscle groups depending on limb position at movement initiation. To test whether this transformation could occur at the spinal level, we stimulated the cervical spinal cord of anesthetized monkeys while systematically changing initial posture and examined the modulation of the twitch response induced in the upper limb muscles. In three monkeys, a multichannel microelectrode array was implanted into the C6 segment of the spinal cord and electromyographic electrodes were implanted in 12 limb muscles (five hand, four elbow, and three shoulder muscles). The magnitude and onset latency of the evoked response in each electrode–muscle pair were examined by systematically changing the hand position through nine positions in a horizontal plane with the monkey prone. Among 330 electrode–muscle pairs examined, 61% of pairs exhibited significant modulation of either magnitude or latency of twitch responses across different hand/arm configurations (posture dependency). We found that posture dependency occurred preferentially in the distal rather than proximal muscles and was not affected by the location of the electrode within the stimulated spinal segment. Importantly, this posture dependency was not affected by spinalization at the C2 level. These results suggest that excitability in the cervical spinal cord is affected by initial arm posture through spinal reflex pathways. This posture dependency of spinal motor output could affect voluntary arm movement by adjusting descending motor commands relative to the initial arm posture.
Functional Architecture for Disparity in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex and Its Relationship to the Architecture for Faces, Color, Scenes, and Visual Field
Authors: Verhoef Bram-Ernst , Bohon Kaitlin S. , Conway Bevil R.
Published: April 2015

Binocular disparity is a powerful depth cue for object perception. The computations for object vision culminate in inferior temporal cortex (IT), but the functional organization for disparity in IT is unknown. Here we addressed this question by measuring fMRI responses in alert monkeys to stimuli that appeared in front of (near), behind (far), or at the fixation plane. We discovered three regions that showed preferential responses for near and far stimuli, relative to zero-disparity stimuli at the fixation plane. These “near/far” disparity-biased regions were located within dorsal IT, as predicted by microelectrode studies, and on the posterior inferotemporal gyrus. In a second analysis, we instead compared responses to near stimuli with responses to far stimuli and discovered a separate network of “near” disparity-biased regions that extended along the crest of the superior temporal sulcus. We also measured in the same animals fMRI responses to faces, scenes, color, and checkerboard annuli at different visual field eccentricities. Disparity-biased regions defined in either analysis did not show a color bias, suggesting that disparity and color contribute to different computations within IT. Scene-biased regions responded preferentially to near and far stimuli (compared with stimuli without disparity) and had a peripheral visual field bias, whereas face patches had a marked near bias and a central visual field bias. These results support the idea that IT is organized by a coarse eccentricity map, and show that disparity likely contributes to computations associated with both central (face processing) and peripheral (scene processing) visual field biases, but likely does not contribute much to computations within IT that are implicated in processing color.
Radioiodine therapy increases the risk of cerebrovascular events in hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients
Authors: la Cour Jeppe Lerche , Jensen Lars Thorbjoern , Vej-Hansen Anders , Nygaard Birte
Published: April 2015

Background and objective

Hyperthyroid patients treated with radioiodine have increased morbidity and mortality from cerebrovascular events. This risk has until now has been attributed to the hyperthyroidism. However, radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid diseases exposes the carotid arteries to radiation and is capable of inducing atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to elucidate whether ionizing radiation from radioiodine might contribute to cerebrovascular morbidity.

Methods

In a retrospective register cohort study, 4000 hyperthyroid and 1022 euthyroid goitre patients treated with radioiodine between 1975 and 2008 were matched 1:4 on age and sex with random controls. The cohort was followed from the date of treatment until hospitalization due to cerebrovascular event, death, 20 years of follow-up or March 2013. Data were analyzed in competing risk models adjusting for age, sex, Charlson's comorbidity score, atrial fibrillation and previous cerebrovascular events.

Results

Mean follow-up time was 11.5 years, mean age 61 years, with a total number of 3228 events. Comparing all radioiodine-treated patients with controls, the fully adjusted model showed increased risk of cerebrovascular events among all treated patients, hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 (95% CI 1.09–1.29). The risk was increased among hyperthyroid (HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.07–1.28) as well as euthyroid patients (HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02–1.44).

Conclusions

We report an increased risk of cerebrovascular events in hyperthyroid as well as euthyroid patients treated with radioiodine for benign thyroid disorders. That these patient groups have similar risks suggests the possibility that radiation from radioiodine contributes to cerebrovascular morbidity via acceleration or initiation of atherosclerosis.
Miejskie dokumenty planistyczne wobec zmian funkcjonalno‑przestrzennych w obszarze dawnego Wielkiego Krakowa
Authors: Hołuj Dominika
Published: April 2015

The article assesses the usefulness of documents in the field of spatial planning for change management in heritage cities. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the Cracow borders of Greater Cracow, which were created by the inclusion of the neighbouring municipalities in the early twentieth century. Today, this space is the core of the city. This implies certain consequences associated with investment pressure in a space that is already heavily invested in. The author of the study shows that despite the many drawbacks that the system of spatial planning in Poland has, it should be possible to take maximum advantage of legal solutions to direct changes in the valuable areas. The analysis indicates those aspects of spatial policy which should be particularly taken into account in heritage cities. The thesis is supported with specific examples of the consequences of actions that were taken - or not taken - in the past.
A história da historiografia e o desafio do giro linguístico
Authors: Da Silva Rogerio Forastieri
Published: April 2015

Esta exposição examina as relações entre a história da historiografia e o giro linguístico, este último tomado como um “desafio” à primeira. Inicialmente procura-se definir o que significa “o ponto de vista da história geral da historiografia”, ou seja, tomar a história da historiografia em sua inteireza, dos gregos ao presente e, em consequência, colocar sob suspeição as proclamadas “rupturas”, “cortes epistemológicos”, “revoluções”, “mutações” e “novas histórias” nos períodos recentes da história geral da historiografia; neste contexto, busca-se discutir o estatuto “científico” da história-discurso. Na segunda parte, caracterizamos o giro linguístico e a natureza do “desafio” que o mesmo vem a representar para a história da historiografia. Na terceira parte, situa-se o papel de Hayden White na formulação deste desafio e seus desdobramentos para a prática da história-discurso, ilustrando com exemplos de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht e Peter Englund. A conclusão retoma argumentos de Siegfried Kracauer, Arnaldo Momigliano, Johan Huizinga, Carlo Ginzburg e Hayden White (este, em 2011) que, no conjunto, reforçam a importância de se considerar a história geral da historiografia como um todo (dos gregos ao presente) no tratamento da história-discurso; esta última, concebida como integrante de um “domínio intermediário” que, mesmo aspirando ao estatuto científico (compromisso com a verdade), não pode abandonar a construção da memória coletiva e o acerto de contas com o passado, daí decorrendo o caráter aproximativo do conhecimento histórico.
Hamlet Brasileiro: ensaio sobre giro linguístico e indeterminação historiográfica (1970-1980)
Authors: Cezar Temístocles
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste ensaio é o de analisar os primeiros efeitos do giro linguístico na historiografia brasileira. Considerando a escassez de pesquisa na área, optei, em primeiro lugar, por fazer uma breve descrição da emergência do giro linguístico em termos mais gerais e, em segundo lugar, uma análise de alguns textos seminais de autores brasileiros que se relacionam, de formas distintas, à temática.
A sabedoria bárbara e os limites da helenização: o Mundo Helenístico de Arnaldo Momigliano
Authors: Biazotto Thiago Do Amaral , Funari Pedro Paulo Abreu
Published: April 2015

Neste artigo busca-se analisar a obra do historiador italiano Arnaldo Momigliano (1908-1987), em particular no que se refere à abordagem dada por ele às interações culturais durante o período helenístico (323-30 a. C.). Será argumentado que as interpretações de Momigliano sobre o referido período estavam, em grande medida, marcadas por sua forte identidade judaica, ainda mais pelo fato de Os Limites da Helenização (Alien Wisdom: The Limits of Hellenization [1975]) – sua principal obra sobre o assunto – ter sido publicada sob os ecos dos ataques da Síria e do Egito ao Estado de Israel. Desse modo, busca-se problematizar a produção de Momigliano, demonstrado como o cenário político e identitário influiu no trabalho do historiador.
Uma revisão crítica das fontes historiográficas para a história do Império Parto (247 a.C. – 228 d. C.): o caso de Apolodoro de Artemita e Arriano de Nicomédia
Authors: De Sant'Ana Henrique Modanez
Published: April 2015

Este artigo está vinculado ao crescente interesse crítico pelo Império Parto e tem como objetivo discutir duas das principais fontes historiográficas para a história dessa unidade política nascida em 247 a.C., após a vitória militar sobre os selêucidas: Apolodoro de Artemita e Arriano de Nicomédia. A escolha desses dois historiadores antigos (cada qual com sua Parthica) deve-se aos fatos de que Apolodoro foi o primeiro a registrar a manipulação da ancestralidade aquemênida pelos partos, como parte de sua estratégia de legitimação política, e de que Arriano se tornou o principal herdeiro da historiografia greco-parta (representada por Apolodoro) na tradição literária romana.
Patria Suave: uma análise das obras de divulgação sobre a história do México publicadas durante as comemorações do Bicentenário
Authors: Kalil Luis Guilherme Assis , Da Silva Caio Pedrosa
Published: April 2015

Em 2010, o México organizou uma longa série de cerimônias públicas, vídeos, músicas e discursos em comemoração ao Bicentenário de sua Independência e ao Centenário da Revolução Mexicana. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar de que maneiras determinadas obras de divulgação sobre a história mexicana publicadas durante as celebrações representaram o passado mexicano a partir de dois eixos centrais: o período pré-colombiano e a Revolução Mexicana. Devido à profusão de discursos produzidos no período, centraremos nossa atenção nas obras voltadas ao público não especializado que alcançaram as maiores tiragens dentre as que foram organizadas durante as comemorações do Bicentenário ou mesmo como parte delas.
A Confederação dos Tamoios como escrita da história nacional e da escravidão
Authors: Ferretti Danilo José Zioni
Published: April 2015

Este artigo é uma tentativa inicial de reavaliação da obra A Confederação dos Tamoios (1856), do poeta romântico Gonçalves de Magalhães, tomando-a como um exercício de escrita da história brasileira e do papel nela desempenhado pela escravidão. Para tanto, busca-se compreender as inovações oitocentistas do épico mediante uma discussão sobre o diálogo entre literatura e conhecimento histórico no Brasil oitocentista. Aponta-se que ambos compartilharam o objetivo de servir como meios de orientação da coletividade nacional, empenhando-se em conferir significação e direção à sua própria experiência do tempo. Analisa-se a interpretação da história contida no poema e a centralidade conferida à questão da escravidão, indicando que o indianismo de Magalhães era também um antiescravismo.
An evaluation of quality of life and its determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS from Southern Brazil
Authors: Passos Susane Müller Klug , Souza Luciano Dias de Mattos
Published: April 2015

This cross-sectional study evaluated the quality of life and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS at a regional reference center for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in southern Brazil. WHOQOL-HIV Bref, ASSIST 2.0, HAD Scale, and a questionnaire were used to assess 625 participants on quality of life, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, depression and anxiety. Multivariate analysis was performed through linear regression. The lowest results for quality of life were associated with being female, age (< 47 years), low education levels, low socioeconomic class, unemployment, not having a stable relationship, signs of anxiety and depression, abuse or addiction of psychoactive substances, lack of perceived social support, never taking antiretroviral medication, lipodystrophy, comorbidities, HIV related hospitalizations and a CD4+ cell count less than 350. Psychosocial factors should be included in the physical and clinical evaluation given their strong association with quality of life domains.
Quality of life of mothers whose children work on the streets of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Cavalcante-Nóbrega Luciana Porto , Mello Andrea Feijó , Maciel Mariana Rangel , Cividanes Giuliana Cláudia , Fossaluza Victor , Mari Jair Jesus , Mello Marcelo Feijó
Published: April 2015

The present study evaluated the perceived quality of life of the mothers of street children and investigated the association with their history of childhood violence, the occurrence of current domestic violence, their current mental states and that of their children, and family functioning. The applied instruments were as follows: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, WorldSAFECore Questionnaire, Instrument for the Assessment of Quality of Life of the WHO, Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The sample of convenience consisted of 79 low-income mothers who raised their children alone, and most of whom had a positive screening for mental illness. The multiple regression analysis showed that the perception of quality of life of these women was associated with the presence of psychopathology either in themselves or their children and family dysfunction. Thus any program aimed at improving the quality of life of such mothers should consider addressing their mental problems as well as those of their children, besides offering educational and psychotherapeutic approaches to these families to improve the social environment
El significado del capital social "individual" en diabéticos receptores de cuidado en un contexto urbano colombiano
Authors: Martínez-Herrera Eliana , Moreno-Mattar Ornella , Dover Robert V. H.
Published: April 2015

Comprender el significado del capital social de la diabetes tipo 2 según género, dentro un contexto urbano colombiano. Investigación cualitativa del interaccionismo simbólico. 25 mujeres y 16 hombres, diabéticos, familiares, vecinos y personal asistencial participaron en seis grupos focales. Emergieron 850 códigos que se integraron en un set de 142 códigos de códigos para el ego, el alter y alter ego. Tres categorías y veinte subcategorías fueron identificadas para el diseño del "paradigma de la codificación". El significado no es igual para hombres y mujeres. Los vínculos sociales de las redes sociales, creados cotidianamente por la confianza y la solidaridad para el cuidado, son valorados de manera diferente, debido a experiencias y hechos sociales resultantes de la autoconfianza, la autoeficacia para el apoyo social principalmente y, la autoestima frente al manejo y control de la enfermedad. Los recursos sociales de un individuo son reificados para el manejo y cuidado de la enfermedad como estrategia para disminuir las inequidades en salud
Monorquidismo em um equino marchador
Authors: Magalhães Jéssica Fontana de , Costa Guilherme Mattos Jardim , Oliveira Celina Alves de , Corrêa Mayara Gomes , Rocha Júnior Sérgio da Silva , Beier Suzane Lilian , Mendes Heloisa Maria Falcão , Alves Geraldo Eleno Silveira , Faleiros Rafael Resende
Published: April 2015

O monorquidismo é um quadro raramente descrito em equinos, que não apresenta descrições prévias na literatura nacional. Trata-se de um equino adulto brasileiro, com oito anos de idade, sem raça definida, porém com características de raças de origem nacional. Por abordagem inguinal do lado esquerdo, localizou-se a túnica vaginal intacta, que, aberta, continha a cauda de um epidídimo mal formado, o ducto deferente e um delgado pedículo vascular, mas sem indícios de testículo. Exames histológicos e hormonais confirmaram a ausência de tecido testicular. Conclui-se que os exames histológicos e hormonais são essenciais para o diagnóstico de monorquidismo que, apesar de raro, também pode acometer equinos nacionais
Agrupamento de trabalhadores com perfis semelhantes de aprendizado apoiado em Análise de Componentes Principais
Authors: Azevedo Bárbara Brzezinski , Anzanello Michel José
Published: April 2015

A manufatura de produtos personalizados em larga escala, chamada customização em massa, implica o aumento da variedade de modelos e redução no tamanho dos lotes de produção. Tarefas que dependem da habilidade humana são especialmente afetadas nesse contexto, visto que os trabalhadores precisam se adaptar às características do novo modelo. Esse processo de adaptação pode ocorrer de forma distinta dentro do grupo de trabalhadores, justificando o desenvolvimento de sistemáticas com vistas ao agrupamento de indivíduos com características de aprendizado semelhantes. Este artigo propõe um método para formação de grupos homogêneos de trabalhadores de acordo com seus perfis de aprendizado pela integração de curvas de aprendizado e clusterização. Para tanto, dados de desempenho são coletados e modelados por meio de curvas de aprendizado; os parâmetros oriundos da modelagem quantificam o processo de adaptação dos trabalhadores às tarefas, servindo de base para o agrupamento dos trabalhadores. Na primeira proposição deste artigo, os dados originais (parâmetros) são clusterizados pelo método K-Means, e a qualidade do agrupamento formado, avaliada por intermédio do Silhouette Index (SI). Em uma proposição alternativa, a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) é aplicada sobre os dados originais e as variáveis latentes geradas (escores) são clusterizados por meio do K-Means. Quando aplicado em um processo da indústria calçadista, a clusterização apoiada nos escores apresentou um incremento na qualidade dos agrupamentos medida por SI de 147% (de SI=0,392 para SI=0,968) quando comparado à clusterização aplicada às variáveis originais. Os dois grupos de trabalhadores gerados pelo método foram corroborados com base na separação em um gráfico relacionando os componentes principais obtidos. Por fim, um estudo de simulação foi realizado para corroborar a eficácia do método proposto, o qual se mostrou robusto quando submetido a diferentes níveis de ruído, correlação e proporções de variáveis e observações. Por meio da análise de variâncias (ANOVA), verificou-se que os fatores variância do ruído e proporção de observações por variáveis interferiram significativamente na qualidade da clusterização; por sua vez, a correlação entre as variáveis não apresentou variância significativa nos agrupamentos.
Diagnóstico ambiental de indústrias de fabricação de estruturas metálicas e esquadrias de metal de pequeno e médio porte
Authors: Moro Patrícia Dal , Pandolfo Adalberto , Moro Leila Dal , Barbacovi Naira Elizabete , Tagliari Leandro Doro
Published: April 2015

O crescimento populacional na última metade do século XX, acompanhado dos avanços tecnológicos, levou ao desenvolvimento acelerado das indústrias, o que ocasionou o aumento da poluição ambiental causada pelos resíduos sólidos. Assim, a legislação tem se tornado cada vez mais exigente, o que obriga as empresas a serem cada vez mais responsáveis, no que se refere à questão ambiental em sua estratégia operacional. Diante deste fato, este trabalho buscou realizar um diagnóstico ambiental em indústrias de fabricação de estruturas metálicas e esquadrias de metal de pequeno e médio porte, a fim de verificar as formas de fabricação, gerenciamento, resíduos sólidos gerados e os programas ambientais adotados. Para a obtenção das informações, foram visitadas 18 empresas, as quais participaram da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado.
Mapeamento de um núcleo de partida de referências em Data Mining a partir de periódicos publicados no Brasil
Authors: Silva Glauco Barbosa da , Costa Helder Gomes
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal estabelecer um mapeamento da produção científica publicada no Brasil e definir um núcleo inicial de referências bibliográficas para desenvolvimento de pesquisas em Data Mining. O mapeamento contemplou 48 artigos, distribuídos em 28 diferentes periódicos, que foram selecionados a partir do conteúdo disponível na base SCIELO. O objetivo secundário é apresentar algumas reflexões no viés da Engenharia de Produção. A amostra avaliada teve cerca de 8% de artigos publicados em periódicos indicados pela ABEPRO.
Normas de associação semântica para 20 categorias em adultos e idosos
Authors: Bordignon Suelen , Zibetti Murilo R. , Trentini Clarissa M. , Resende Ana Cristina , Minervino Carla A. S. M. , Silva-Filho José Humberto da , Pawlowski Josiane , Teodoro Maycoln L. M. , Abreu Neander
Published: April 2015

O desenvolvimento de normas para categorias semânticas é necessário para a compreensão do modo como os indivíduos organizam o conhecimento na memória e para a construção de instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva. O objetivo do presente estudo é fornecer normas associativas de 20 categorias semânticas para adultos e idosos brasileiros. Participaram do estudo 236 pessoas, entre 40 e 88 anos, das cinco regiões brasileiras. Os participantes responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e a um questionário de itens para categorias semânticas, e foram solicitados a produzir os cinco primeiros exemplares de cada categoria apresentada. Os resultados foram agrupados e são apresentadas as normas das categorias (exemplares, tamanho da categoria, respostas corretas, em branco e erros), bem como as respostas de cada categoria que foram comuns a todas as regiões brasileiras.
Atividades Avançadas de Vida Diária (AAVD) e desempenho cognitivo entre idosos
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Moreira de , Silva Henrique Salmazo da , Lopes Andrea , Cachioni Meire , Falcão Deusivania Vieira da Silva , Batistoni Samila Satler Tavares , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: April 2015

O estudo objetivou investigar a associação entre Atividades avançadas de vida diária (AAVD) e o desempenho cognitivo entre idosos participantes do estudo FIBRA em Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo. Foram investigados 302 idosos sem declínio cognitivo, classificados em muito ativos e pouco ativos nas AAVDs, e avaliados pelo Mini exame do estado mental (MEEM), bateria breve de rastreio cognitivo (BBRC), fluência verbal (FV), teste do desenho do relógio (TDR) e escala de depressão geriátrica (EDG). As AAVDs associaram-se ao desempenho no MEEM e no TDR, nas análises univariadas, mas esta associação perdeu significância no modelo multivariado. O desempenho, no MEEM, esteve associado à idade, escolaridade, sexo e número de sintomas depressivos. O escore, no TDR, associou-se à escolaridade. Conclui-se que a relação entre as AAVDs e o desempenho cognitivo parece ser modulada por variáveis sociodemográficas e por sintomas depressivos.
Psicologia das emoções: uma proposta integrativa para compreender a expressão emocional
Authors: Miguel Fabiano Koich
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho realizou uma revisão da literatura das principais teorias sobre o funcionamento emocional: jamesianas, psicoevolucionistas, cognitivas e sociais. Com objetivo de integrar as propostas, foi desenvolvido um modelo constituído por aspectos cognitivos na avaliação do evento eliciador que conduzem a possíveis reações (impressão subjetiva, comportamento expresso e/ou alterações fisiológicas) e retroalimentam a interpretação. Esse modelo foi usado como base para apresentar características de expressão das emoções, sendo que seis emoções básicas foram discutidas (alegria, medo, surpresa, tristeza, nojo e raiva) com foco em seus aspectos expressivos faciais e cognitivos. Foi possível concluir que uma abordagem integrativa do fenômeno emocional pode trazer informações importantes para o trabalho do psicólogo.
Circumstances and factors associated with accidental deaths among children, adolescents and young adults in Cuiaba, Brazil
Authors: Martins Christine Baccarat de Godoy , Mello-Jorge Maria Helena Prado de
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Analysis on accidents from the perspective of population segments shows there is higher incidence among children, adolescents and young adults. Since the characteristics and circunstances of the event are closely related to educational, economic, social and cultural issues, identifying them may contribute towards minimizing the causes, which are often fatal. The aim here was to identify the environmental, chemical, biological and cultural factors associated with deaths due to accidents among children, adolescents and young adults in Cuiabá, in 2009. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. RESULTS Thirty-nine accidental deaths of individuals aged 0 to 24 years were examined: 56.4% due to traffic accidents; 25.6%, drowning; 10.3%, aspiration of milk; 5.1%, falls; and 2.6%, accidentally triggering a firearm. Male victims predominated (82.1%). The presence of chemical, environmental and biological risk factors was observed in almost all of the homes. Regarding cultural factors and habits, a large proportion of the families had no idea whether accidents were foreseeable events and others did not believe that the family's habits might favor their occurrence. Delegation of household chores or care of younger siblings to children under the age of 10 was common among the families studied. CONCLUSION The results point towards the need to have safe and healthy behavioral patterns and environments, and to monitor occurrences of accidents, thereby structuring and consolidating the attendance provided for victims.
Short-term thermal stratification and partial overturning events in a warm polymictic reservoir: effects on distribution of phytoplankton community
Authors: Santos RM. , Saggio AA. , Silva TLR. , Negreiros NF. , Rocha O.
Published: April 2015

In lentic freshwater ecosystems, patterns of thermal stratification play a considerable part in determining the population dynamics of phytoplankton. In this study we investigated how these thermal patterns and the associated hydrodynamic processes affect the vertical distribution of phytoplankton during two consecutive diel cycles in a warm polymictic urban reservoir in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Water samples were taken and physical, chemical and biological data collected at half-meter intervals of depth along a water column at a fixed site, every 3 hours throughout the 48-hour period. Two events of stratification, followed by deepening of the thermocline occurred during the study period and led to changes in the vertical distribution of phytoplankton populations. Aphanocapsa delicatissima Nägeli was the single dominant species throughout the 48-hour period. In the second diel cycle, the density gradient induced by temperature differences avoided the sedimentation of Mougeotia sp. C. Agardh to the deepest layers. On the other hand, Pseudanabaena galeata Böcher remained in the 4.0-5.5 m deep layer. The thermal structure of the water was directly affected by two meteorological factors: air temperature and wind speed. Changes in the cell density and vertical distribution of the phytoplankton were controlled by the thermal and hydrodynamic events.
Alterations in land uses based on amendments to the Brazilian Forest Law and their influences on water quality of a watershed
Authors: Rodrigues-Filho JL. , Degani RM. , Soares FS. , Periotto NA. , Blanco FP. , Abe DS. , Matsumura-Tundisi T. , Tundisi JE. , Tundisi JG.
Published: April 2015

The amendments to the Forest Law proposed by the Brazilian government that allow partial substitution of forested areas by agricultural activities raised deep concern about the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. To assess the impacts of this alteration in land uses on the watershed, diffuse loads of total nitrogen (Nt) and total phosphorus (Pt) were estimated in Lobo Stream watershed, southeastern Brazil, based on export coefficients of the Model of Correlation between Land Use and Water Quality (MQUAL). Three scenarios were generated: scenario 1 (present scenario), with 30-meter-wide permanent preservation areas along the shore of water bodies and 50-meter-radius in springs; scenario 2, conservative, with 100-meter-wide permanent preservation areas along water bodies; and scenario 3, with the substitution of 20% of natural forest by agricultural activities. Results indicate that a suppression of 20% of forest cover would cause an increase in nutrient loads as well as in the trophic state of aquatic ecosystems of the watershed. This could result in losses of ecosystem services and compromise the quality of water and its supply for the basin. This study underlines the importance of forest cover for the maintenance of water quality in Lobo Stream watershed.
Fish stomach contents in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage assessments
Authors: Tupinambás TH. , Pompeu PS. , Gandini CV. , Hughes RM. , Callisto M.
Published: April 2015

The choice of sampling gears to assess benthic macroinvertebrate communities depends on environmental characteristics, study objectives, and cost effectiveness. Because of the high foraging capacity and diverse habitats and behaviors of benthophagous fishes, their stomach contents may offer a useful sampling tool in studies of benthic macroinvertebrates, especially in large, deep, fast rivers that are difficult to sample with traditional sediment sampling gear. Our objective was to compare the benthic macroinvertebrate communities sampled from sediments with those sampled from fish stomachs. We collected benthic macroinvertebrates and fish from three different habitat types (backwater, beach, riffle) in the wet season, drying season, and dry season along a single reach of the Grande River (Paraná River Basin, southeast Brazil). We sampled sediments through use of a Petersen dredge (total of 216 grabs) and used gill nets to sample fish (total of 36 samples). We analyzed the stomach contents of three commonly occurring benthophagous fish species (Eigenmannia virescens, Iheringichthys labrosus, Leporinus amblyrhynchus). Chironomids dominated in both sampling methods. Macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition and abundances from fish stomachs differed from those from sediment samples, but less so from riffles than from backwater and beach habitats. Macroinvertebrate taxa from E. virescens stomachs were more strongly correlated with sediment samples from all three habitats than were those from the other two species. The species accumulation curves and higher mean dispersion values, compared with with sediment samples suggest that E. virescens is more efficient than sediment samples and the other fish studied at collecting benthic taxa. We conclude that by analyzing the stomach contents of benthophagous fishes it is possible to assess important characteristics of benthic communities (dispersion, taxonomic composition and diversity). This is especially true for studies that only sample fish assemblages to evaluate aquatic ecosystem impacts. Therefore, this approach can be useful to amplify assessments of human impacts, and to incorporate additional bioindicators.
Reproductive aspects of the flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis from the Northeastern coastal waters of Brazil
Authors: Oliveira MR. , Carvalho MM. , Silva NB. , Yamamoto ME. , Chellappa S.
Published: April 2015

The epipelagic flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis is a major artisanal fishery resource from the Northeastern coastal waters of Brazil. However, biological information about this species has been poorly documented. This paper presents data on the length-weight relationship, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, gonadal development and fecundity of H. affinis sampled from the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The total body length and weight for both sexes ranged from 23.4 to 29.4 cm and from 89 to 188g, respectively. The allometric coefficient of males was 2.208 and that of females was 2.985, indicating negatively allometric growth. The sex ratio was 1M:1.6F thus differing from the expected ratio of 1:1 (χ2 = 18.63). The total length at first sexual maturity was estimated at 27.3 cm for males and 27.1 cm for females. The macroscopic characteristics of the gonads indicated four maturation stages. Histological studies of gonads of H. affinis showed seven phases of oocyte development and four phases of spermatocyte development. The mean absolute fecundity was 9092 vitelogenic oocytes. Spawning occurred during the months of March to July. The microscopic descriptions of the stages of gonad maturation indicate that the study area is an important spawning ground of H. affinis.
Helminth fauna of Astyanax fasciatus Cuvier, 1819, in two distinct sites of the Taquari River, São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Acosta AA , Queiroz J. , Brandão H. , Silva RJ
Published: April 2015

This study assessed the helminth fauna of Astyanax fasciatus in two distinct sites of the Taquari River, São Paulo State, with 30 individuals sampled in a lotic site and 30 in a lentic site, recording the monogeneans: Cacatuocotyle paranaensis, Characithecium costaricensis, Diaphorocleidus kabatai, Jainus sp., Notozothecium sp. and Gyrodactylus sp., the digenean Antorchis lintoni and no-identified metacercariae; the nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and no-identified larvae. The mean abundances of total monogeneans (U = 1053; p = 0.042) and C. costaricensis (U = 1107; p = 0.005) were higher in the lotic site. This difference may be due to the higher density of the host population in the lotic site, and the water transparence in lentic environments that prevents A. fasciatus to form shoals, precluding the exchange of parasites with direct cycle within a host population. This study is the first report of the helminth fauna of A. fasciatus in the Taquari River, with ten taxa recorded, and reports A. fasciatus as a new host for Notozothecium sp. and C. paranaensis.