bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolating Terminology Layers in Complex Linguistic Environments: A Study about Waste Management
Authors: Cirillo Nicola
Published: February 2024

Automatic term extraction aims at extracting terminological units from specialized corpora to assist terminographers in developing glossaries, thesauri, and termbases. Unfortunately, traditional methods often overlook the complex relation between terminologies of different subject fields that co-occur in a single specialized corpus. This study illustrates Domain Concept Relatedness, a novel term extraction technique meant to isolate the terminology of a given subject field. We test our technique against the term extraction tool of Sketch Engine and the contrastive approach by applying them to the extraction of waste management terms from a new Italian corpus about waste management legislation. The results show that Domain Concept Relatedness effectively extracts multi-word terms belonging to a given subject field but still fails to extract single-word terms.
What Is life? Rethinking Biology in Light of Fundamental Parameters
Authors: Fantini Jacques , Matveeva Mélanie , Lefebvre Marine , Chahinian Henri
Published: February 2024

Defining life is an arduous task that has puzzled philosophers and scientists for centuries. Yet biology suffers from a lack of clear definition, putting biologists in a paradoxical situation where one can describe at the atomic level complex objects that remain globally poorly defined. One could assume that such descriptions make it possible to perfectly characterize living systems. However, many cases of misinterpretation put this assumption into perspective. In this article, we focus on critical parameters such as time, water, entropy, space, quantum properties, and electrostatic potential to redefine the nature of living matter, with special emphasis on biological coding. Where does the DNA double helix come from, why cannot the reproduction of living organisms occur without mutations, what are the limitations of the genetic code, and why do not all proteins have a stable three-dimensional structure? There are so many questions that cannot be resolved without considering the aforementioned parameters. Indeed, (i) time and space constrain many biological mechanisms and impose drastic solutions on living beings (enzymes, transporters); (ii) water controls the fidelity of DNA replication and the structure/disorder balance of proteins; (iii) entropy is the driving force of many enzymatic reactions and molecular interactions; (iv) quantum mechanisms explain why a molecule as simple as hydrocyanic acid (HCN) foreshadows the helical structure of DNA, how DNA is stabilized, why mutations occur, and how the Earth magnetic field can influence the migration of birds; (v) electrostatic potential controls epigenetic mechanisms, lipid raft functions, and virus infections. We consider that raising awareness of these basic parameters is critical for better understanding what life is, and how it handles order and chaos through a combination of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, we propose to incorporate these parameters into the definition of life.
Phylogeographic Reconstruction to Trace the Source Population of Asian Giant Hornet Caught in Nanaimo in Canada and Blaine in the USA
Authors: Freeman Alexa , Xia Xuhua
Published: February 2024

The Asian giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia, is an invasive species that could potentially destroy the local honeybee industry in North America. It has been observed to nest in the coastal regions of British Columbia in Canada and Washington State in the USA. What is the source population of the immigrant hornets? The identification of the source population can shed light not only on the route of immigration but also on the similarity between the native habitat and the potential new habitat in the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed mitochondrial COX1 sequences of specimens sampled from multiple populations in China, the Republic of Korea, Japan, and the Russian Far East. V. mandarinia exhibits phylogeographic patterns, forming monophyletic clades for 16 specimens from China, six specimens from the Republic of Korea, and two specimens from Japan. The two mitochondrial COX1 sequences from Nanaimo, British Columbia, are identical to the two sequences from Japan. The COX1 sequence from Blaine, Washington State, clustered with those from the Republic of Korea and is identical to one sequence from the Republic of Korea. Our geophylogeny, which allows visualization of genetic variation over time and space, provides evolutionary insights on the evolution and speciation of three closely related vespine species (V. tropica, V. soror, and V. mandarinia), with the speciation events associated with the expansion of the distribution to the north.
Association of Microsatellite Instability and Gene Expression Profile in Colorectal Carcinoma and Potential Implications for Therapy
Authors: Kibriya Muhammad G. , Jasmine Farzana , Khamkevych Yuliia , Raza Maruf , Kamal Mohammed , Bissonnette Marc , Ahsan Habibul
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective: In sporadic colorectal carcinomas (CRC), microsatellite instability (MSI) pathways play important roles. Previously, we showed differences in DNA methylation patterns in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal carcinomas and MSI-CRC. In the current study, we explore the similarities and differences in gene expression profiles in MSS and MSI at the gene level and at the pathway level to better understand CRC pathogenesis and/or the potential for therapeutic opportunities. Material and Methods: Seventy-one CRC patients (MSI = 18, MSS = 53) were studied. Paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues were used for genome-wide gene expression assays. Result: At the gene level, we compared the list of differentially expressed genes (fold change (FC) ≥ 3 and FDR < 0.05) in tumor tissues compared to corresponding normal tissue in CRC patients with MSI tumors (190 genes) and MSS tumors (129 genes). Of these, 107 genes overlapped. The list of genes that were differentially expressed in MSI tumors only showed enrichment predominantly in two broad categories of pathways—(a) Inflammation-related pathways including the interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, chemokine signaling, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling, and cytokine-cytokine interactions, and (b) metabolism-related pathways, including retinol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, drug metabolism, pentose and glucoronate interconversions, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. The genes in inflammation-related pathways were up-regulated whereas genes in metabolism-related pathways were down-regulated in MSI tumor tissue. Pathway-level analysis also revealed similar results confirming the gene enrichment findings. For example, the 150 genes involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway were on average up-regulated by 1.19 fold (CI 1.16–1.21) in MSI compared to 1.14 fold (CI 1.13–1.16) in MSS patients (interaction p = 0.0009). Conclusions: We document an association between MSI status and differential gene expression that broadens our understanding of CRC pathogenesis. Furthermore, targeting one or more of these dysregulated pathways could provide the basis for improved therapies for MSI and MSS CRC.
Expression of Inflammation Depending on the Stage of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Vitkauskaite Agne , Urboniene Daiva , Celiesiute Joana , Jariene Kristina , Paskauskas Saulius , Vaitkiene Daiva , Vitkauskiene Astra
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major public health problem, ranking as the fourth most common cause of cancer incidence and mortality in women globally. The development of CC is believed to be closely related to chronic inflammation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the expression of systemic inflammation in patients with CC and to determine the threshold prognostic value of the systemic inflammation markers for CC and its advanced stage. Materials and Methods: 182 participants were recruited: 94 histology-proven patient with CC and 88 healthy women with NILM confirmed by liquid-based cytology test. The pre-treatment serum concentrations of cytokines, including IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, LCN2, TREM-1, and TNF-α, were determined for all study patients. Results: The odds ratio (OR) of having IL-6 concentration >17.4 pg/mL in the CC group compared to control patients was 11.4 (95% CI: 4.897–26.684); that of having TREM-1 concentration >355.6 pg/mL was 5.9 (95% CI: 2.257–15.767); and that of having LCN2 concentration >23,721.5 pg/mL was 3.4 (95% CI: 1.455–8.166). The odds ratio (OR) of having IL-6 concentration >28.7 pg/mL in advanced-stage CC (III–IV stage) compared to early-stage CC (I–II stage) was 2.921 (95% CI: 1.06–8.045), and that of having LCN2 concentration >25,640.0 pg/mL was 4.815 (95% CI: 1.78–13.026). Conclusions: The pre-treatment serum inflammation markers IL-6, TREM-1, and LCN2 at specified levels could be used as predictors of cervical cancer, and IL-6 and LCN2 as predictors of an increased chance of advanced-stage (III–IV stages) cervical cancer. Patients with cervical cancer had expressed systemic inflammation, and expression of inflammation elevated the chance of having CC and advanced-stage disease.
The Neuroprotective Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Cognitive Impairment of an Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Mouse Model
Authors: Lim Ji Sun , Kim Shin , Park Mee-Na , Lee Hyunsu , Baek Hye Suk , Kim Jin Kyung , Kim Hae Won , Hong Jeong-Ho
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) shows promise as an approach with neuroprotective effects, capable of reducing secondary brain damage and intracranial pressure following successful mechanical thrombectomy in the acute phase. However, its effect on cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study investigated whether TH can improve cognitive impairment in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (tMCAO/R). Materials and Methods: Nine-week-old C57BL/6N mice (male) were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, tMCAO/R, and tMCAO/R with TH. Cognitive function was assessed 1 month after model induction using the Y-maze test, and regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured through positron emission tomography with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. Results: tMCAO/R induced cognitive impairment, which showed improvement with TH. The TH group exhibited a significant recovery in cerebral glucose metabolism in the thalamus compared to the tMCAO/R group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that TH may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for alleviating ischemia/reperfusion-induced cognitive impairment.
Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav , Lyubavin Alexander
Published: February 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important medical problem, as it significantly affects patients’ quality of life and prognosis. AF often complicates the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a widespread disease with heavy economic and social burdens. A growing body of evidence suggests multiple links between COPD and AF. This review considers the common pathogenetic mechanisms (chronic hypoxia, persistent inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial remodeling) of these diseases and describes the main risk factors for the development of AF in patients with COPD. The most effective models based on clinical, laboratory, and functional indices are also described, which enable the identification of patients suffering from COPD with a high risk of AF development. Thus, AF in COPD patients is a frequent problem, and the search for new tools to identify patients at a high risk of AF among COPD patients remains an urgent medical problem.
ADME Gene-Related Pharmacogenomic Labeling of FDA-Approved Drugs: Comparison with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Evidence Levels
Authors: Deb Subrata , Hopefl Robert , Reeves Anthony Allen , Cvetkovic Dena
Published: February 2024

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) can facilitate the transition to patient-specific drug regimens and thus improve their efficacy and reduce toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overlap of PGx classification for drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME)-related genes in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PGx labeling and in the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) database. FDA-approved drugs and PGx labeling for ADME genes were identified in the CPIC database. Drugs were filtered by their association with ADME (pharmacokinetics)-related genes, PGx FDA labeling class, and CPIC evidence level. FDA PGx labeling was classified as either actionable, informative, testing recommended, or testing required, and varying CPIC evidence levels as either A, B, C, or D. From a total of 442 ADME and non-ADME gene–drug pairs in the CPIC database, 273, 55, and 48 pairs were excluded for lack of FDA labeling, mixed CPIC evidence level provisional classification, and non-ADME gene–drug pairs, respectively. The 66 ADME gene–drug pairs were classified into the following categories: 10 (15%) informative, 49 (74%) actionable, 6 (9%) testing recommended, and 1 (2%) testing required. CYP2D6 was the most prevalent gene among the FDA PGx labeling. From the ADME gene–drug pairs with both FDA and CPIC PGx classification, the majority of the drugs were for depression, cancer, and pain medications. The ADME gene–drug pairs with FDA PGx labeling considerably overlap with CPIC classification; however, a large number of ADME gene–drug pairs have only CPIC evidence levels but not FDA classification. PGx actionable labeling was the most common classification, with CYP2D6 as the most prevalent ADME gene in the FDA PGx labeling. Health professionals can impact therapeutic outcomes via pharmacogenetic interventions by analyzing and reconciling the FDA labels and CPIC database.
Genetic and Evolutionary Analysis of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Guangxi Province, Southern China, from 2020 to 2023
Authors: Li Biao , Gao Yeheng , Ma Yan , Shi Kaichuang , Shi Yuwen , Feng Shuping , Yin Yanwen , Long Feng , Sun Wenchao
Published: February 2024

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has shown large-scale global spread since its discovery in Hong Kong in 2012. In this study, a total of 4897 diarrheal fecal samples were collected from the Guangxi province of China from 2020 to 2023 and tested using RT-qPCR. In total, 362 (362/4897, 7.39%) of samples were positive for PDCoV. The S, M, and N gene sequences were obtained from 34 positive samples after amplification and sequencing. These PDCoV gene sequences, together with other PDCoV S gene reference sequences from China and other countries, were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Chinese PDCoV strains have diverged in recent years. Bayesian analysis revealed that the new China 1.3 lineage began to diverge in 2012. Comparing the amino acids of the China 1.3 lineage with those of other lineages, the China 1.3 lineage showed variations of mutations, deletions, and insertions, and some variations demonstrated the same as or similar to those of the China 1.2 lineage. In addition, recombination analysis revealed interlineage recombination in CHGX-MT505459-2019 and CHGX-MT505449-2017 strains from Guangxi province. In summary, the results provide new information on the prevalence and evolution of PDCoV in Guangxi province in southern China, which will facilitate better comprehension and prevention of PDCoV.
Analysis of Vaginal Microbiota Variations in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Their Correlation with Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Prodan-Barbulescu Catalin , Bratosin Felix , Folescu Roxana , Boeriu Estera , Popa Zoran Laurentiu , Citu Cosmin , Ratiu Adrian , Rosca Ovidiu , Ilie Adrian Cosmin
Published: February 2024

This study conducted a detailed analysis of the vaginal microbiota in pregnant women to explore its correlation with preterm birth (PTB) outcomes. The primary objective was to identify microbial variations associated with increased PTB risk. Secondary objectives included investigating how changes in microbial composition relate to the local immune environment and PTB. Utilizing a retrospective case–control design, the study involved pregnant women with liveborn infants between 2019 and 2023. In total, 89 women who delivered preterm and 106 term deliveries were included. Data collection focused on third-trimester vaginal cultures. Statistically significant differences were observed between the preterm and full-term groups in several areas. The median white blood cell count (10.2 × 103/mm3 vs. 7.6 × 103/mm3, p = 0.009) and neutrophil count (7.2 × 103/mm3 vs. 5.1 × 103/mm3, p < 0.001) were higher in the preterm group. Vaginal pH was also elevated in preterm births (5.6 vs. 4.4, p < 0.001), with a higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (29.2% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.001) as indicated by the Nugent Score. The study noted a significant association of PTB with the presence of Candida spp. (OR = 1.84, p = 0.018), Gardnerella vaginalis (OR = 2.29, p = 0.003), Mycoplasma hominis (OR = 1.97, p = 0.007), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (OR = 2.43, p = 0.001). Conversely, a reduction in Lactobacillus spp. correlated with a decreased PTB risk (OR = 0.46, p = 0.001). The study provides compelling evidence that specific vaginal microbiota components, particularly certain pathogenic bacteria and an altered Lactobacillus profile, are significantly associated with PTB risk. These findings highlight the potential of targeting microbial factors in strategies aimed at reducing PTB rates. Further research is necessary to fully understand the complex interplay between microbial dynamics, host immunity, and PTB outcomes.
Intrauterine Transmission of Zika and Vertical Transfer of Neutralizing Antibodies Detected Immediately at Birth in Oaxaca, Mexico: An Analysis in the Context of Microcephaly
Authors: Porras-García Alfredo , Villanueva-García Dina , Arnaud-Rios Rafael , García-Lemus Nadia , Castillo-Romero Angélica , Mejía-Flores Mariana , Contreras Luis Erik , Hernández-Castillo Liliana , Jiménez-Hernández Elva , Mejía-Aranguré Juan Manuel , Ochoa Sara A. , Xicothencatl-Cortes Juan , Cruz-Córdova Ariadnna , Lira-Carmona Rosalia , Arellano-Galindo José
Published: February 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause neurological issues in infants. To provide protection, neutralizing antibodies should be transferred from the mother to the infant. We conducted a study at the Hospital General de Pochutla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Samples were collected from mothers (blood and breast milk) and infants (saliva and dried blood spots) within the first 12 postnatal hours (December 2017 to February 2018) and tested for ZIKV total and neutralizing antibodies as well as ZIKV-PCR. Microcephaly was evaluated according to INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Maternal IgG seroprevalence was 28.4% with 10.4% active infection, while infant IgG seroprevalence was 5.5% with 2.4% active infection. There were two cases of virolactia, and 6.3% of the infant saliva samples tested positive for ZIKV. Additionally, 18.3% of the infants were in a cephalic perimeter percentile lower than 10 and had an association between microcephaly and serology or a PCR between 8.6 and 60.9%. The infant blood samples had neutralizing antibodies, indicating intrauterine protection. Microcephaly was correlated with serology or PCR, but in our study population, non-ZIKV factors may be involved as well. Low ZIKV infection values in breast milk mean that breastfeeding is safe in most of the mothers and infants of the endemic area studied.
Minocycline/Amoxicillin-Based Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Pilot Study
Authors: You Senlin , Tang Xiaoqiong , Zhou Jiarui , Shen Yalin , Song Xiaona , Benghezal Mohammed , Marshall Barry J. , Tang Hong , Li Hong
Published: February 2024

The common adverse effects and the complicated administration of tetracycline and metronidazole greatly affect the clinical application of the classical bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) for Helicobacter pylori eradication. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline/amoxicillin-based BQT for H. pylori eradication. Firstly, consecutive H. pylori isolates collected at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between 2018 and 2021 were included for susceptibility testing of tetracycline and minocycline using E-test strips. Secondly, both treatment-naïve and experienced patients were included to receive a 14-day minocycline/amoxicillin-based BQT: esomeprazole 40 mg or vonoprazan 20 mg, bismuth colloidal pectin 300 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and minocycline 100 mg, all given twice daily. Among a total of 101 H. pylori isolates, tetracycline resistance was 3.0%, whereas minocycline resistance was nil. A total of 114 patients (treatment-naïve/experienced, 72/42) received the minocycline/amoxicillin-based BQT. The overall intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) eradication rates were 94.7% (108/114) and 97.3% (108/111), respectively. The ITT and PP eradication rates were 91.7% (66/72) and 95.7% (66/69) among the treatment-naïve patients, and both were 100.0% among the treatment-experienced patients. No serious adverse event was recorded. This pilot study suggests that minocycline/amoxicillin-based BQT is an excellent therapy for H. pylori eradication.
A Low-Cost, Integrated Immunization, Health, and Nutrition Intervention in Conflict Settings in Pakistan—The Impact on Zero-Dose Children and Polio Coverage
Authors: Khan Amira M. , Ahmed Imran , Jawwad Muhammad , Islam Muhammad , Tahir Rehman , Anwar Saeed , Nauman Ahmed Ali , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: February 2024

Pakistan is one of two countries globally still endemic for poliovirus. While increasing immunization coverage is a concern, providing equitable access to care is also a priority, especially for conflict-affected populations. Recognizing these challenges, Naunehal, an integrated model of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH), immunization, and nutrition services delivered through community mobilization, mobile outreach, and private-sector engagement was implemented in conflict-affected union councils (UCs) with high poliovirus transmission, including Kharotabad 1(Quetta, Balochistan) and Bakhmal Ahmedzai (Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). A quasi-experimental pre–post-design was used to assess the impact of the interventions implemented between April 2021 and April 2022, with a baseline and an endline survey. For each of the intervention UCs, a separate, matched-control UC was identified. At endline, the proportion of fully immunized children increased significantly from 27.5% to 51.0% in intervention UCs with a difference-in-difference (DiD) estimate of 13.6%. The proportion of zero-dose children and non-recipients of routine immunization (NR-RI) children decreased from 31.6% to 0.9% and from 31.9% to 3.4%, respectively, with a significant decrease in the latter group. Scaling up and assessing the adoption and feasibility of integrated interventions to improve immunization coverage can inform policymakers of the viability of such services in such contexts.
Genome-Wide Analysis of C-Repeat Binding Factor Gene Family in Capsicum baccatum and Functional Exploration in Low-Temperature Response
Authors: Yang Yanbo , Cai Qihang , Luo Li , Sun Zhenghai , Li Liping
Published: February 2024

Capsicum baccatum is a close relative of edible chili peppers (Capsicum annuum) with high economic value. The CBF gene family plays an important role in plant stress resistance physiology. We detected a total of five CBF genes in the C. baccatum genome-wide sequencing data. These genes were scattered irregularly across four chromosomes. The genes were categorized into three groupings according to their evolutionary relationships, with genes in the same category showing comparable principles for motif composition. The 2000 bp upstream of CbCBF contains many resistance-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and transcription factor binding sites. These findings emphasize the crucial functions of these genes in responding to challenging conditions and physiological regulation. Analysis of tissue-specific expression revealed that CbCBF3 exhibited the greatest level of expression among all tissues. Under conditions of low-temperature stress, all CbCBF genes exhibited different levels of responsiveness, with CbCBF3 showing a considerable up-regulation after 0.25 h of cold stress, indicating a high sensitivity to low-temperature response. The importance of the CbCBF3 gene in the cold response of C. baccatum was confirmed by the use of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, as well as the prediction of its protein interaction network. To summarize, this study conducts a thorough bioinformatics investigation of the CbCBF gene family, showcases the practicality of employing VIGS technology in C. baccatum, and confirms the significance of the CbCBF3 gene in response to low temperatures. These findings provide significant references for future research on the adaptation of C. baccatum to low temperatures.
Crithmum maritimum L.—Study on the Histochemical Localization of Essential Oil
Authors: Dzhoglova Velina , Ivanov Kalin , Benbassat Niko , Georgieva-Dimova Yoana , Ardasheva Rayna , Karcheva-Bahchevanska Diana , Ivanova Stanislava
Published: February 2024

Crithmum maritimum L. is a perennial halophyte plant that is a medicinal herb known by people from different cultures since ancient times. However, the therapeutic potential of this halophyte has not been completely investigated, and the scientific data on it are limited. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the aerial parts of Crithmum maritimum L. growing wild in Bulgaria, as well as the histolocalization of secretory structures for the synthesis and accumulation of volatile oils. The results obtained on the EO composition of Bulgarian Crithmum maritimum L. provide an opportunity to reveal potential future applications in various fields, such as medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, food, and the cosmetic industry. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was performed to assess the chemical profile of the isolated EO. The phenylpropanoid dillapiole was identified as the major compound in the EO, accounting for 34.09% of the total EO. Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented 62.07% of the total oil composition. γ-Terpinene, D-limonene, and β-pinene were the most abundant monoterpene hydrocarbons in the composition of the EO. In addition, histochemical localization of EO in the stem and leaves of Crithmum maritimum L. was carried out. The secretory structures were located in the cortical region of the stem and in the mesophyll tissues of the leaves in the form of secretory ducts. The performed histochemical analysis confirmed the lipophilic nature of the secretion from the duct cells. This is the first report related to the histolocalization and chemical composition of the EO from Bulgarian Crithmum maritimum L. Furthermore, our data indicate some potential possibilities for the evaluation of the therapeutic activity of the EO obtained from this plant species and outline its future applications as a therapeutic agent. Also, the EO from the studied halophyte plant has prominent potential to be used as a biopesticide, which is an environmentally friendly option compared to standard pesticides.
Potential Response Patterns of Endogenous Hormones in Cliff Species Opisthopappus taihangensis and Opisthopappus longilobus under Salt Stress
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Shen Yuexin , Han Mian , Su Yu , Feng Xiaolong , Gao Ting , Zhou Xiaojuan , Wu Qi , Sun Genlou , Wang Yiling
Published: February 2024

When plants are exposed to salt stress, endogenous hormones are essential for their responses through biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. However, the roles of endogenous hormones in two cliff species (Opisthopappus taihangensis and Opisthopappus longilobus (Opisthopappus genus)) in the Taihang Mountains under salt stress have not been investigated to date. Following different time treatments under 500 mM salt concentrations, 239 differentially expressed gene (DEG)-related endogenous hormones were identified that exhibited four change trends, which in Profile 47 were upregulated in both species. The C-DEG genes of AUX, GA, JA, BR, ETH, and ABA endogenous hormones were significantly enriched in Opisthopappus taihangensis (O. taihangensis) and Opisthopappus longilobus (O. longilobus). During the responsive process, mainly AUX, GA, and JA biosynthesis and signal transduction were triggered in the two species. Subsequently, crosstalk further influenced BR, EHT, ABA, and MAPK signal transduction pathways to improve the salt resistance of the two species. Within the protein–protein interactions (PPI), seven proteins exhibited the highest interactions, which primarily involved two downregulated genes (SAUR and GA3ox) and eight upregulated genes (ACX, MFP2, JAZ, BRI1, BAK1, ETR, EIN2, and SNRK2) of the above pathways. The more upregulated expression of ZEP (in the ABA biosynthesis pathway), DELLA (in the GA signaling pathway), ABF (in the ABA signaling pathway), and ERF1 (in the ETH signaling pathway) in O. taihangensis revealed that it had a relatively higher salt resistance than O. longilobus. This revealed that the responsive patterns to salt stress between the two species had both similarities and differences. The results of this investigation shed light on the potential adaptive mechanisms of O. taihangensis and O. longilobus under cliff environments, while laying a foundation for the study of other cliff species in the Taihang Mountains.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Appreciation of Rhododendron Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Liang Jincheng , Chen Yaoli , Tang Xuexiao , Lu Yin , Yu Jinghui , Wang Zongbo , Zhang Zetian , Ji Hao , Li Yu , Wu Purui , Liu Yue , Wang Ling , Huang Chuanhuang , He Bizhu , Lin Wei , Guo Lijin
Published: February 2024

Qinting Lake Park has effectively imported Rhododendron varieties from Zhejiang Province. The analytic hierarchy process was employed to devise an evaluation framework to evaluate the ornamental and adaptive features of these species. Subsequently, we conducted a standardized evaluation of 24 species for their ornamental and adaptive traits under controlled cultivation conditions. The findings indicated that the percentage of ornamental flowers in the first-level index was significantly greater than the other two factors, indicating that the ornamental value of flowers was the most important in the evaluation of Rhododendron ornamental value. Among the secondary indicators, the proportion of flower color and flower weight was significantly higher than that of other factors, which had the greatest impact on the evaluation results. The 24 Rhododendron species were classified into two grades based on their ornamental value, as determined by index weights and scoring standards. Rhododendron ‘Xueqing’, Rhododendron ‘Big Qinglian’, and Rhododendron ‘Jinyang No. 9’ exhibited superior ornamental value and demonstrated more favorable suitability for garden applications.
Allelopathy and Identification of Five Allelochemicals in the Leaves of the Aromatic Medicinal Tree Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa
Authors: Moh Seinn Moh , Tojo Shunya , Teruya Toshiaki , Kato-Noguchi Hisashi
Published: February 2024

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is an economically and therapeutically valuable tree. It is cultivated as a fruit plant in southeast Asian countries. In this research, we investigated the allelopathy and possible allelochemicals in the leaves of A. marmelos. Aqueous methanol extracts of A. marmelos exhibited significant inhibitory effects against the growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Medicago sativa, Echinochloa crusgalli, Lolium multiflorum, and Phleum pratense. Bioassay-directed chromatographic purification of the A. marmelos extracts resulted in identifying five active compounds: umbelliferone (1), trans-ferulic acid (2), (E)-4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester (3), trans-cinnamic acid (4), and methyl (E)-3’-hydroxyl-4’-methoxycinnamate (5). The hypocotyl and root growth of L. sativum were considerably suppressed by these compounds. Methyl (E)-3’-hydroxyl-4’-methoxycinnamate also suppressed the coleoptile and root growth of E. crusgalli. The concentrations of these compounds, causing 50% growth reduction (I50) of L. sativum, were in the range of 74.19–785.4 μM. The findings suggest that these isolated compounds might function in the allelopathy of A. marmelos.
Polyethylene Glycol Priming Enhances the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under Salt Stress
Authors: Wang Renjie , Li Chenxuan , Zeng Li , Liu Ligong , Xi Jiayi , Li Jun
Published: February 2024

Seed priming has become a practical pre-sowing strategy to deal with abiotic stresses. This study aims to explore the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) priming on seed germination and seedling growth of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under salt stress. Regardless of seed priming, salt stress significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of S. baicalensis. PEG priming significantly alleviates the inhibitory effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth when compared to non-priming and water priming. Among all treatments, PEG priming exhibited the highest germination rate, germination potential, seed vigor index, fresh weight, dry weight, and plant length; the highest contents of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein; the highest K+/Na+ ratio and relative water content; the highest antioxidant activities and contents; but the lowest H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and relative electrical conductivity in response to salt stress. In addition, PEG priming had the highest transcript levels of antioxidant-related genes among all treatments under NaCl stress. Taken together, the results demonstrated that seed priming with PEG could be recommended as an effective practice to enhance the germination and early seedling growth of S. baicalensis under saline conditions.
Recent Insights into the Morphological, Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) for the Development of Functional Foods
Authors: Avinash Pawar Gayatri , Hamid  , Shams Rafeeya , Dash Kshirod Kumar , Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram , Ungai Diána , Harsányi Endre , Suthar Tejas , Kovács Béla
Published: February 2024

Aonla, commonly known as Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), is a plant native to India with various therapeutic and dietary benefits. This review covers the taxonomical, morphological, and species-level classifications of aonla fruit, including its flower biology, maturation, harvesting, and yield metrics. It also discusses the nutritional, physico-chemical, and phytochemical characteristics and the total antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and mineral compositions of several aonla fruit cultivars. Additionally, the health benefits of aonla are reviewed, including its analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, ulcerogenic, chemo-protective, neuroprotective, free radical scavenging, hypoglycaemic, and immunogenic properties, which make it beneficial in the treatment and prevention of various illnesses. Further various forms of fruit extract are also considered to be beneficial for the improvement of plant and animal health. Overall, aonla is a valuable fruit with significant potential for use in improving human health.
Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen–Coal Blending Combustion in a 660 MW Tangential Boiler
Authors: Dong Lijiang , Huang Shangwen , Qian Baiyun , Wang Kaike , Gao Ning , Lin Xiang , Shi Zeqi , Lu Hao
Published: February 2024

With the adjustment of energy structure, the utilization of hydrogen energy has been widely attended. China’s carbon neutrality targets make it urgent to change traditional coal-fired power generation. The paper investigates the combustion of pulverized coal blended with hydrogen to reduce carbon emissions. In terms of calorific value, the pulverized coal combustion with hydrogen at 1%, 5%, and 10% blending ratios is investigated. The results show that there is a significant reduction in CO2 concentration after hydrogen blending. The CO2 concentration (mole fraction) decreased from 15.6% to 13.6% for the 10% hydrogen blending condition compared to the non-hydrogen blending condition. The rapid combustion of hydrogen produces large amounts of heat in a short period, which helps the ignition of pulverized coal. However, as the proportion of hydrogen blending increases, the production of large amounts of H2O gives an overall lower temperature. On the other hand, the temperature distribution is more uniform. The concentrations of O2 and CO in the upper part of the furnace increased. The current air distribution pattern cannot satisfy the adequate combustion of the fuel after hydrogen blending.
Exploring the Antimelanoma Potential of Betulinic Acid Esters and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations
Authors: Milan Andreea , Mioc Marius , Mioc Alexandra , Marangoci Narcisa , Racoviceanu Roxana , Mardale Gabriel , Bălan-Porcărașu Mihaela , Rotunjanu Slavița , Şoica Irina , Șoica Codruța
Published: February 2024

Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene belonging to the lupane-group that exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities. BA derivatives are continuously being researched due to their improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability. The current research was conducted in order to determine the antiproliferative potential of three synthesized BA fatty esters using palmitic, stearic and butyric acids and their liposomal nanoformulations. The cytotoxic potential of BA fatty esters (Pal-BA, St-BA, But-BA) and their respective liposomal formulations (Pal-BA-Lip, St-BA-Lip, But-BA-Lip) has been assessed on HaCaT immortalized human keratinocytes and A375 human melanoma cells. Both the esters and their liposomes acted as cytotoxic agents against melanoma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The butyryl ester But-BA outperformed BA in terms of cytotoxicity (IC50 60.77 μM) while the nanoformulations St-BA-Lip, But-BA-Lip and BA-Lip also displayed IC50 values (60.11, 50.71 and 59.01 μM) lower compared to BA (IC50 65.9 μM). The morphological evaluation revealed that the A375 cells underwent morphological changes consistent with apoptosis following 48 h treatment with the tested compounds, while the HaCaT cells’ morphology remained unaltered. Both the esters and their liposomal formulations were able to inhibit the migration of the melanoma cells, suggesting a significant antimetastatic effect. The quantitative real-time PCR revealed that all tested samples were able to significantly increase the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax and inhibit the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. This effect was more potent in the case of liposomal nanoformulations versus non-encapsulated compounds, and overall, But-BA and its formulation exhibited the best results in this regard.
Dry Machining Techniques for Sustainability in Metal Cutting: A Review
Authors: Pawanr Shailendra , Gupta Kapil
Published: February 2024

Dry machining has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its promising contribution towards sustainability. This review study introduces dry machining, presents its benefits, and summarizes the recent technological developments that can facilitate dry machining. It aims to provide a concise overview of the current state of the art in dry machining to promote sustainability. This article synthesizes and emphasizes the useful information from the existing literature, and summarizes the methods and tools used to implement it. It also identifies some of the major problems and challenges and their potential solutions to make dry machining more viable and efficient. It concludes with some future research directions important for the scholars and researchers to establish the field further. From this review study, the major findings are: (1) tools with textures or patterns can enhance the cutting performance of dry machining for various materials, (2) tool coating is an effective way to lower the tool cost in dry machining and can achieve the required functionality for the cutting tool without affecting its core properties, (3) Alumina-based mixed ceramic tools with SiC whiskers have better fracture toughness, thermal shock resistance, and self-crack healing properties, (4) one effective method to improve the dry cutting of engineering materials is to apply external energy sources to assist the dry machining process, (5) by using microwave sintering, cutting tools with finer microstructures and higher densities can be produced, which improve their hardness, wear resistance, and thermal stability to perform well in dry machining conditions.
Influences of Cosolvents and Antifreeze Additives Derived from Glycerol through Esterification on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel
Authors: Lin Cherng-Yuan , Chen Yun-Chih
Published: February 2024

Bioglycerol is a major by-product of the biodiesel manufacturing process. Various chemical derivatives from bioglycerol would enhance its economic value. An antifreeze of glycerine acetate was chemically converted from an esterification reaction of bioglycerol with acetic acid. The photocatalyst TiO2/SO42− irradiated with ultraviolet light assisted the chemical conversion reaction. The molar ratio of acetic acid/bioglycerol was varied to obtain the optimum composition of the derived antifreeze product. Different cosolvents were considered to enhance the homogeneous extent between the antifreeze of glycerine acetate and biodiesel, and thus, the anti-freezing effect. The cosolvent/glycerine acetate, at various volumetric ratios from 0 to 0.25 vol.%, was blended into a commercial biodiesel. After 5 vol.% antifreeze of the glycerine acetate/cosolvent mixture of the biodiesel was added to the commercial biodiesel, the fuel properties of the biodiesel were analyzed. The effects of the cosolvent types and the blended volumetric ratio of cosolvent to the antifreeze of glycerine acetate on the fuel properties of the commercial biodiesel were analyzed to determine the optimum cosolvent type and volumetric composition of the cosolvent/glycerine acetate. The experimental results show that the antifreeze of glycerine acetate produced from the reaction of acetic acid/glycerol at a molar ratio equal to 8 under UV-light irradiation appeared to have the lowest freezing point. The UV-light irradiation on the TiO2/SO42− catalyst also caused higher triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) and lower monoacylglycerol (MAG) formation. In addition, the low-temperature fluidity was the most excellent when the volumetric percentage of the methanol/glycerine acetate was equal to 0.25 vol.%, at which the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of the biodiesel was reduced from 3 °C for the neat biodiesel to −2 °C for the biodiesel blended with the mixture. In contrast, the effect of adding the antifreeze on the CFPP of the biodiesel was inferior; it was reduced from 3 °C for the neat biodiesel to 1 °C for the biodiesel when butanol cosolvent was added. The increase in the volumetric ratio of cosolvent/antifreeze increased the acid value and cetane index while it decreased the kinematic viscosity and CFPP. The heating value was observed to increase for butanol while decreasing for methanol with the increase in the volumetric ratio of cosolvent/antifreeze. In comparison to butanol, the cosolvent methanol caused a higher cetane index and acid value but a lower kinematic viscosity, heating value, and CFPP of the blended commercial biodiesel.
Thermodynamic Modeling of a Solar-Driven Organic Rankine Cycle-Absorption Cooling System for Simultaneous Power and Cooling Production
Authors: Jiménez-García José C. , Moreno-Cruz Isaías , Rivera Wilfrido
Published: February 2024

Humanity is facing the challenge of reducing its environmental impact. For this reason, many specialists worldwide have been studying the processes of production and efficient use of energy. In this way, developing cleaner and more efficient energy systems is fundamental for sustainable development. The present work analyzed the technical feasibility of a solar-driven power-cooling system operating in a particular location in Mexico. The theoretical system integrates organic Rankine and single-stage absorption cooling cycles. A parabolic trough collector and a storage system integrated the solar system. Its performance was modeled for a typical meteorological year using the SAM software by NREL. The analyzed working fluids for the organic cycle include benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, and R123, while the working fluid of the absorption system is the ammonia-water mixture. The cycle’s first and second-law performances are determined in a wide range of operating conditions. Parameters such as the energy utilization factor, turbine power, COP, and exergy efficiency are reported for diverse operating conditions. It was found that the highest energy utilization factor was 0.68 when the ORC utilized benzene as working fluid at ORC and ACS condensing temperatures of 80 °C and 20 °C, respectively, and at a cooling temperature of 0 °C. The best exergy efficiency was 0.524 at the same operating conditions but at a cooling temperature of −10 °C.
An Integrated Model for Acid Fracturing without Prepad Considering Wormhole Growth
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Wang Haibo , Li Fengxia , Zhou Tong , Li Ning , Bai Yu
Published: February 2024

Acid fracturing is an effective stimulation technology that is widely applied in carbonate reservoirs. An integrated model for acid fracturing without prepad treatment has been established. Compared with the previous models which use prepad for generating hydraulic fractures, this model can simultaneously simulate the fracture propagation and the acid etching of fracture surfaces, as well as the wormhole growth during acid fracturing. The influences of some essential factors have been studied through a series of numerical simulations, and the main conclusions are as follows. First, increasing the injected acid volume can expand the size of the formed hydraulic fractures and extend the propagation distance of the wormhole. Increasing the injected acid volume can also expand the etched width and extend the effective distance of the injected acid. Second, a high injection rate impels more acid to flow into the depth of a fracture before infiltration and reaction, resulting in the augmentation of a hydraulic fracture’s geometric size and the extension of the effective distance. But the maximum etched width decreases as the injection rate rises. A high injection rate can also enable wormholes to grow in the natural fracture area farther away from the hydraulic fracture inlet, but shorten the length of the original wormhole near the hydraulic fracture inlet. Third, an increase in acid viscosity can enlarge the geometric size of the hydraulic fracture and reduce the propagation distance of wormholes. In addition, an increase in the acid viscosity blocks the acid flow from fracture inlet to tip, reducing the effective distance of acid fracturing. Fourth, the natural fracture is the vital inducement of wormhole growth, and wormholes are apt to grow in the natural fracture area. Moreover, the geometric size of the hydraulic fracture and the effective distance of acid fracturing decrease with an increasing number of natural fractures. This research can provide a reference for field applications of acid fracturing without prepad.