bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can we improve orthodontic care for patients with autism and/or learning disabilities?
Authors: Ellis Pamela E , Silverton Sarah , Hollingsworth Lorna
Published: August 2017

Receiving orthodontic care can be challenging for our patients with autism and/or learning disabilities; being in new places, meeting new people and having treatment can be overwhelming. In this article the authors have worked with carers to understand better the challenges patients with autism and/or learning disabilities face and identify reasonable adjustments which can be made to improve their experience. It is hoped that other orthodontists may adopt these changes in their own services or find similar ways to improve the care of this patient group.

Clinical Relevance: Orthodontists encounter patients with autism and/or learning disabilities in their day-to-day practice. This paper outlines reasonable adjustments they can make to improve the experience of these patients.
A simple method for facebow recording for orthognathic surgery
Authors: Jagsi Shreenal , Maggs Roger , Deans Jamie
Published: August 2017

Orthognathic surgery involving the maxilla generally requires the mounting of models on an articulator. Mounted casts facilitate detailed patient assessment and treatment planning, as well as allowing wafer construction to aid the three-dimensional surgical correction of dento-facial deformities and malocclusion. Systematic error in facebow transfer from the patient to the articulator is a contributing factor in the discrepancy between planned surgical movements and the final surgical result. This paper presents a simple technique that uses mini-spirit levels to allow commercially available semi-adjustable articulators to allow natural head position to be used as the horizontal reference plane rather than anatomical landmarks. We feel that this technique is another step towards error reduction in orthognathic surgery.

Clinical Relevance: Many orthognathic centres use commercially available semi-adjustable articulators that use anatomical landmarks to record the horizontal reference plane during facebow recording. These horizontal reference lines can differ significantly from the true horizontal line on which the patient is planned. The cross member of the articulator corresponds to the horizontal reference plane recorded and, if this is different from the true horizontal, then systematic error is introduced into orthognathic surgery.
Maxillary incisor root resorption induced by ectopic canines part 1: prevalence rates and longevity outcomes
Authors: Wong Lilia , Khan Sadaf
Published: August 2017

Root resorption of maxillary incisors as a result of impacted maxillary canines is a sequelae of canine ectopia that has been reported in the literature in terms of case reports and retrospective case series. However, to our knowledge there has been no work done that consolidates the available information on the subject, particularly since the advent of improved imaging techniques with higher rates of detection of maxillary incisor root resorption. This paper aims to review the prevalence rates of maxillary incisor root resorption induced by impacted maxillary canines, as well as to discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of teeth affected by this phenomenon.

Clinical Relevance: Maxillary incisor root resorption induced by ectopic maxillary canines is an issue which may be encountered by all dental specialties; however, the awareness of each stage of management is frequently unknown by clinicians. This paper aims to increase awareness and provide a reference point for appropriate management.
Enlarged parietal foramina – an incidental finding on a lateral cephalogram
Authors: Attard Alan , Cure Richard , Stocker Judith
Published: August 2017

This is a case report of a 16-year-old girl referred to the oral and maxillofacial department for further assessment of a radiolucent area noted at the posterior aspect of the skull vertex on a lateral cephalogram by her orthodontist. Following assessment, these were diagnosed as enlarged parietal foramina and managed conservatively.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: With the increased use of the multiple imaging modalities available in dental practice, in particular the use of cone-beam CT imaging, the clinician should be familiar with the appearances of common pathology, as well as some incidental findings in the traditional dental and maxillofacial region, and adjacent territories. The careful review of medical imaging and referral for further evaluation of ambiguous incidental findings is recommended.
Synovial sarcoma: effect of treatment on root development and eruptive potential – a case report and review
Authors: Begum Aysha , Bister Dirk , Khamashta-Ledezma Leilaq
Published: August 2017

Overall, the survival rate of people affected by childhood cancer is increasing. It is important for dental professionals to understand the effects cancer treatment can have on growth and dental development. The aim of this case report is to describe the effects of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy on dental development, dental appearance and oral health in a 6-year-old female patient treated for synovial sarcoma. The numerous theories of tooth eruption described in the literature are summarized and this case report shows how, although root development was arrested, tooth eruption still occurred.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The skeletal and dento-alveolar effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for treatment of childhood cancers are explored and exemplified by the case reported. The numerous tooth eruption theories that have been described are also discussed. Interestingly in this case report, tooth eruption still occurred despite incomplete root formation.
Caries associated with orthodontic care part 2: management
Authors: Hyde Amy , Vanat Maryam , Deery Chris
Published: August 2017

It is recognized that wearing an orthodontic appliance increases the caries risk of the individual. The prevalence of demineralization has been reported to be as high as 73%. When demineralization occurs a number of treatments exist: fluoride application, acid microabrasion, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CCP-ACP), resin infiltration and self-assembling peptides. Of these, topical fluoride has the most evidence to support its use.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Demineralization is the most common complication of orthodontic care. The clinician should understand how to manage this when it occurs.
Coronectomy: a case series demonstrating its value in younger patients
Authors: Marshall Sophie , Bryant Catherine
Published: August 2017

This article describes the value of coronectomy as an alternative to the removal of teeth in the management of younger patients when intervention is required but extraction is associated with a heightened risk of post-operative neuropathy. Three cases are presented of children who underwent a coronectomy procedure which was planned within a multidisciplinary Orthodontic, Oral Surgery and Paediatric Dentistry team at King's College Hospital. None of the children experienced post-operative neuropathy.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article describes the value of coronectomy (partial odontectomy) as an alternative to the removal of teeth in the management of younger patients when intervention is required but extraction is associated with a heightened risk of post-operative neuropathy.
Assessment of growth in orthodontics
Authors: Songra Goldie , Mittal Tarun K , Williams Julie C , Puryer James , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J
Published: August 2017

Being able to predict the likely timing and duration of growth accurately, in particular the pubertal growth spurt, is important in orthodontic treatment planning. The different assessments of growth, their advantages and disadvantages will be described.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: A knowledge of the typical assessments of skeletal growth is important in the planning and execution of orthodontic treatment.
Orthodontic management of delayed permanent tooth eruption and a case report of hyper-IgE syndrome
Authors: Din Ahmed , Bhatti Nabeel , Sharma Pratik K
Published: August 2017

This article aims to look at the treatment and management of patients presenting with delayed tooth eruption of the permanent dentition. We describe the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented having been diagnosed with Hyper-IgE syndrome. The patient was positive for the STAT-3 gene and presented with a history of some classic Hyper-IgE features. There was a history of multiple skin abscesses and she was on long-term antibiotics. She presented in the mixed dentition with multiple retained deciduous teeth and a full complement of unerupted and fully formed permanent teeth. This article will describe features of this syndrome and discuss management strategies for patients presenting with delayed eruption.

Clinical Relevance: This case study highlights the difficulties in managing patients who present with retained primary dentition at an older age. It also presents a rare case presentation of a patient with Hyper-IgE.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – implications on facial growth and contemporary management
Authors: Abela Stefan , Armon Kate , Tewson David , Prince Sharon , Seedat Mohamed-Saeed , Bister Dirk
Published: August 2017

The aim of the present study was to describe a case with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement and long-term facial growth implications, requiring complex surgical treatment and multidisciplinary teams.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Consideration was given to TMJ replacement with alloplastic graft, however, the final management strategy involved bimaxillary surgery.
Case report: the importance of careful planning for orthodontic extractions
Authors: Leck Richard , Johar Ushmita , Farr David
Published: August 2017

This case describes the root resorption of a maxillary first molar due to an impacted maxillary second premolar tooth. The impacted second premolar tooth was surgically removed leaving a compromised first molar tooth.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case demonstrates the importance of thorough assessment of impacted teeth prior to planned orthodontic extraction. It shows that unerupted maxillary premolar teeth have the potential to damage the permanent molar teeth by resorbing the roots. It is especially important to consider this as a potential complication when extracting teeth for orthodontic purposes.
Autofluorescence and Nonspecific Immunofluorescent Labeling in Frozen Bovine Intestinal Tissue Sections: Solutions for Multicolor Immunofluorescence Experiments
Authors: Jenvey Caitlin J. , Stabel Judith R.
Published: August 2017

Autofluorescent compounds present in intestinal tissue often hinder the ability to utilize multiple, spectrally different, fluorophores. In addition, fixatives and blocking solutions may contribute to background autofluorescence or nonspecific immunofluorescent labeling. During immunofluorescence protocol development, autofluorescent pigments were observed in frozen bovine mid-ileal intestinal tissue sections. Coagulant fixatives, normal serum blocking, histochemical stains Sudan Black B (SBB) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB), and spectral separation using imaging software were compared for their ability to reduce autofluorescence, as well as their effect on immunofluorescent labeling. Fluorescent pigments of frozen bovine mid-ileal intestinal tissue sections, most likely caused by eosinophils and lipofuscin, were masked successfully with a combination of DAB and SBB. Little to no statistical differences were observed for all other methods investigated; however, tissue fixed with 1:1 acetone methanol and 10% horse serum diluted in 0.05 M Tris buffer demonstrated lower mean fluorescence intensities. Spectral separation of specific immunofluorescent labeling from background autofluorescence is a simple method for removing unwanted fluorescence; however, successful separation is dependent on tissue and labeling quality.
‘Welcome to the jungle’: Content creators and fan entitlement in the furry fandom
Authors: Plante Courtney N. , Reysen Stephen , Roberts Sharon , Gerbasi Kathleen
Published: August 2017

In the present research, we examined fan entitlement among members of the furry fandom – a group of people with a shared interest in media and activities that feature anthropomorphic animals (animals given human-like features). We surveyed both fans and content creators in the fandom, which allowed us to test several predictors of fan entitlement (e.g., stigmatization, age) and the relationship between fan entitlement and perceptions of fan entitlement among artists. The results are then contextualized within well-known psychological processes (e.g., the availability heuristic), laying the groundwork for future research on the processes underlying fan entitlement and its effects. Implications of the results are discussed for three different bodies of research: research on the furry fandom specifically, research on fan entitlement more broadly, and research on fan/creator relationships in general.
Captação de Múltiplos Órgãos: os Desafios do Processo para os Profissionais da Saúde e Familiares
Authors: Leite Naianne Figueredo , Maranhão Thércia Lucena Grangeiro , Farias Athena De Albuquerque
Published: August 2017

O artigo teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos que envolvem profissionais da saúde e familiares no processo de Captação de Múltiplos Órgãos na perspectiva dos enfermeiros, tendo como objetivos específicos: compreender o processo para diagnosticar a morte encefálica, como é feita a entrevista dos enfermeiros com os familiares enlutados para a possibilidade de doação de órgãos e constatar, na perspectiva do enfermeiro, o papel do psicólogo no suporte emocional aos familiares durante o processo de captação de órgãos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no Hospital Regional do Cariri, por meio de entrevista contendo dez perguntas. As respostas foram avaliadas a partir da análise de conteúdo, sendo estabelecidas quatro categorias: o procedimento utilizado na abordagem familiar; Dúvidas dos familiares quanto à doação de órgãos; Principais desafios dos profissionais da saúde no processo de captação de órgãos; Importância do profissional psicólogo na equipe multidisciplinar da Organização de Procura de Órgãos. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível chegar as seguintes conclusões: o diagnóstico de morte encefálica é realizado pelos médicos. O maior desafio encontrado pelos profissionais é a abordagem familiar, logo após o diagnostico, é realizada uma entrevista com a família para a possível doação de órgãos. Destaca-se a necessidade de serem desenvolvidas mais pesquisas nesta linha para melhorar o amparo aos envolvidos no processo.
Readaptação dos Professores em Bibliotecas Escolares Públicas no Brasil: Uma Reflexão Psicológica sobre a Autoestima
Authors: Rodrigues Kátissa Galgania Feitosa Coutinho , Santos Cícero Reginaldo Nascimento
Published: August 2017

O artigo propõe compreender o adoecimento laboral dos professores readaptados por lei em bibliotecas escolares públicas no Brasil e a relação com concepção psicológica da autoestima. Para tanto é necessário conhecer a história da formação dos professores no Brasil; compreender o processo de adoecimento dos professores readaptados e relacionar a constituição da autoestima com o processo de adoecimento. Diante da experiência obtida na primeira graduação acadêmica em biblioteconomia e a experiência de trabalho, foi possível ampliar o debate do adoecimento em uma perspectiva psicológica e as condições da autoestima destes profissionais. Percebendo a relação entre o direito à readaptação e as possibilidades estruturais de realização profissional e humana. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa de caráter qualitativa e bibliográfica, explicativa que abrirá caminho para uma pesquisa de campo que refute ou confirme questões da autoestima relacionada à saúde dos professores readaptados. Dimensionado por pesquisas na internet em plataformas como Scielo, Blogs, Revistas Acadêmicas, Dissertações e Teses. Delimitadas do ano de 1900 a 2016. Os textos foram escolhidos de maneira aleatória em plataformas utilizando frases como: história da formação de professores no Brasil; readaptação de professores; readaptação de professores em bibliotecas escolares; leis da readaptação de professores; bibliotecário exercício profissional, adoecimento psicológico e psicologia versus autoestima. Realizando um recorte de obras de referência das áreas de Biblioteconomia, Direito, Pedagogia e Psicologia, este estudo pretende instigar um novo olhar dos professores readaptados sobre si mesmos sem perderem a identidade profissional, possibilitando no ambiente das bibliotecas escolares públicas um maior desenvolvimento social, educacional, vida profissional e pessoal perante a percepção da autoestima.
A Contribuição da Família e da Escola na Aprendizagem das Crianças do 4º Aano do Ensino Fundamental I, da Escola Bom Jesus da Lapa em Araripina – Pernambuco
Authors: Sousa Jurandi Afonso de , Videira Márcia Cristina Moraes Cotas
Published: August 2017

O tema dessa pesquisa é a contribuição da família e da escola na aprendizagem das crianças do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental I. É uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. O principal objetivo foi saber como a família e a escola contribuem na aprendizagem dessas crianças. O universo de pesquisa foi a Escola Bom Jesus da Lapa em Araripina – Pernambuco. Ao todo catorze sujeitos, participaram da pesquisa respondendo às entrevistas, sendo eles: duas coordenadoras (pedagógica e administrativa), dez pais de alunos e duas professoras. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, aplicou-se além das entrevistas aos sujeitos relacionados, uma entrevista em grupo com os pais de alunos e também realizou-se a análise de dois documentos da escola: Atas de Reuniões e Projeto Político Pedagógico. Concluiu-se que a ausência da relação colaborativa entre família e escola é o principal fator que institui a não contribuição de ambas as instituições na efetivação da aprendizagem dos alunos de 4º ano da Escola Bom Jesus da Lapa, em Gergelim, Araripina – PE.
El plan de regionalización de la provincia de Buenos Aires 2011–2015. Visiones del estado, la reforma bonaerense y la nueva gestión pública
Authors: Piana Ricardo Sebastián
Published: August 2017

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Reforma policial y profesionalización en seguridad aeroportuaria (2005–2015)
Authors: Costantino Gabriel , Gutiérrez Mariana
Published: August 2017

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La reforma política en debate. Análisis de las últimas reformas político-electorales (discutidas y/o celebradas) en la Argentina
Authors: Gallo Adriana
Published: August 2017

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Recensión de tesis: Integración de métodos para la toma de decisiones en el ámbito público referidas a las adjudicaciones en las licitaciones de obras públicas (Santa Fe)
Authors: Giumelli Ricardo
Published: August 2017

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Reseña bibliográfica: La innovación en el sector público: tendencias internacionales y experiencias mexicanas, de Guillermo Cejudo, Mauricio Dussauge Laguna y Cynthia Michel
Authors: Torres Alonso Eduardo
Published: August 2017

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Análise de uma proposta de atividade para o ensino médio sob a ótica dos aspectos emocionais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Schroeder de Sena Maria Elenice , Adamatti Diana Francisca , Machado Catia Maria
Published: August 2017

Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma proposta de atividade para a inserção da Teoria dos Grafos no Ensino Médio através de uma ferramenta computacional de aprendizagem. No Ensino de Matemática, a utilização de recursos, sobretudo digitais, como os softwares e os objetos de aprendizagem, representa a possibilidade de aprender Matemática de forma reflexiva, construtiva e autônoma. Oportunizar ao estudante do Ensino Médio a possibilidade de desenvolver habilidades importantes, tais como explorar, analisar, e modelar problemas do cotidiano, através da Teoria dos Grafos, pode proporcionar ao estudante a aptidão necessária para participar efetivamente deste mundo moderno onde é cada vez mais valorizado o conhecimento tecnológico. Diante disso os jovens estariam mais preparados e seguros para lidar com as situações do mundo, estariam tendo sua autoestima aprimorada na escola, além de desenvolver os aspectos cognitivos estariam desenvolvendo seus aspectos emocionais em relação a si mesmos o que os torna cada vez mais capazes de reagir e lidar com situações reais apresentadas diariamente. Formar cidadãos com consciência de si e de seu papel no mundo, promover mudanças, auxiliar na tomada de decisão, refletir e questionar contribui de forma positiva para um ensino de melhor qualidade.
Simulações do perfil vertical do vento na camada limite planetária com o modelo WRF-ARW
Authors: De Almeida Lucas Everton , Gutiérrez Arce Alejandro , Romero de Moraes Marcelo , Cazes Boezio Gabriel
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho analisa o comportamento do perfil vertical do vento nos primeiros 100 metros da camada limite planetária, através da análise de dados observados em uma torre de medição meteorológica no Uruguai, assim como dados simulados pelo modelo numérico WRF-ARW, os quais compreendem o período de 1 ano. Da torre de medição analisada (Colonia Eulacio), foram utilizadas informações referentes a velocidade média do vento em intervalos horários para as alturas de 10.1 metros e 101.8 metros. O modelo WRF-ARW foi executado para o mesmo período dos dados analisados, e configurado com distintas combinações de parametrizações físicas de camada limite planetária e camada limite superficial, buscando assim identificar dentre as diferentes simulações realizadas, qual o comportamento das mesmas em estimar a velocidade média do vento nos períodos anual, estacional durante o ciclo diário para as duas distintas alturas de interesse. Todas as parametrizações analisadas apresentaram um bom ajuste ao ciclo diário quando se comparou o nível eta correspondente a altura de 101.8 metros. Quando se analisou o ciclo diário do nível eta correspondente a 10.1 metros, somente a parametrização física de camada limite planetária Mellor-Yamada-Janjic conseguiu representar os aumentos de velocidade média do vento durante períodos diurnos em todas as estações do ano (inverno, primavera, verão e outono), resultando em uma maior correlação linear e menor erro média absoluto da mesma em relação as outras parametrizações físicas utilizadas no modelo.
Descrição do Comportamento das velocidades máximas mensais do vento utilizando o WRF-ARW
Authors: Franco Ignacio , Gutierrez Alejandro , Cataldo José
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar de forma mensal as velocidades máximas do vento para alturas acima de dez metros. Considerando a  ausência de  medições disponíveis para tais alturas, foi utilizado o modelo WRF e uma base de dados CFSR como entrada para o modelo, sendo uma forma alternativa, onde foram realizados um pré- processamento, execuçãoe pós-processamento dos dados simulados para o período compreendido entre os anos 1979 a 2015. Para ajustar os dados de saída do modelo WRF, foram utilizados dados de torres de três diferentes localizações, sendo fornecidos os mesmo pela companhia de energia elétrica UTE, onde de posse dos mesmos foi possível ajustar no pós-processamento os dados históricos de velocidade do vento para as torres consideradas. Com a metodologia descrita é possível gerar dados históricos dos locais que não possuem informações de medições, desenvolvendo neste processo uma ferramenta que pode ser usada por qualquer usuário para gerar informações históricas de grandes períodos a partir dos dados CFSR, usando o modelo WRF e um período recente de dados históricos medidos in situ.
Um estudo sobre o comportamento alimentar de frangos de corte utilizando a mineração de dados
Authors: Rodrigues Alex , Borges Eduardo Nunes , Barwaldt Regina
Published: August 2017

Avicultura é um importante setor da economia brasileira, representando 1.5% do PIB brasileiro, bem como, cinco milhões de empregos diretos e indiretos. Destaca-se também a privilegiada posição brasileira no cenário mundial, estando entre os três primeiros do mundo, quando trata-se da produção e consumo da ave, e em primeiro lugar quando refere-se a exportações da mesma. Como forma de contribuir com este contexto, o presente trabalho buscou compreender a relação entre os períodos do dia e o tempo de vida dos frangos de corte no seu comportamento alimentar. Para que os resultados do presente trabalho fossem obtidos, foram adotados o método de monitoramento automático, RFID, que pode ser visto como uma tecnologia de identificação que opera sob ondas de rádio, capaz de enviar e armazenar dados de forma remota. Concomitante ao uso desta tecnologia, foi empregada a descoberta de conhecimento em bases de dados com objetivo de descobrir padrões implícitos no conjuntos de dados, transformando os dados sem significado em informação útil. Após o período de coleta de dados (20 dias) na Escola Técnica Estadual Santa Isabel, localizada na zona rural do município de São Lourenço do Sul, foi observado que os frangos que se encontram no estágio inicial de criação buscam se alimentar com maior frequência nos diversos períodos do dia, destacando-se, os períodos da noite e madrugada. Também se constatou que conforme os frangos cresciam, a procura por alimentação diminuía de forma progressiva.
Legal Research on the Abuse of Patent Litigation and the Defensive Measures for the Japanese and Taiwanese IT Industry
Authors: Jenweeranon Pawee
Published: August 2017

The patent assertion entity (PAE) which known as “the world, particularly severe impact in the US Specifically, in 2013, the report entitled “Patent Assertion and US Innovation” issued by the National Economic Council and Council of Economic Advisers of the US clearly reflected the significant harm of patent assertion toward the economic development of the country. Moreover, the Congress of the United States planned to reconsider the Innovation Act for combating PAEs at the beginning of May. The ongoing discussion in the Congress implies that analyzing the 2015 proposed Innovation Act is important for finding appropriate solutions to solve the remaining problem regarding the abuse of patent litigation in the US, specifically, Patent Trolling activity costs the US economy billions of dollars per year. The IT industry is the main target of patent trollers, briefly, due to the standard for considering the eligibility criteria for a software patent is still weak. Admittedly, many legal scholars believe that the proposed bill will be the significant tool for solving the abuse of patent litigation. For this reason, this research will analyze the major provisions in the proposed bill. Additionally, related cases in the US also will be addressed in this research, for instance, the case between Octane Fitness, LLC and ICON Health & Fitness, Inc. which will be discussed herein. This paper will define the concept of the patent assertion or patent troll and examine the relationship with IT industry. The paper will then clarify the significant role of the Innovation Act 2015 in the patent assertion. Further, this thesis will compare the major provisions of the Innovation Bill 2015 by separating into five main issues with the regulatory framework in Japan and Taiwan, study the rules which were laid down in the landmark cases to understand the court interpretation and propose the suggestion for selected countries to address aforementioned problem. In other words, an analysis of the Patent Assertion Entities situation in Japan and Taiwan will be conducted focusing on the regulatory framework for preventing patent troll and its activities because Japanese and Taiwanese IT Industry normally be targeted by foreign patent trollers. This situation led to the defensive measures issued by the Japanese and Taiwanese government which will be addressed in this paper. A comparative study of the Innovation bill and the domestic laws of Taiwan, Japan, and related factors will be analyzed herein.
Contamination of dried blood spots – an underestimated risk in newborn screening
Authors: Winter Theresa , Lange Anja , Hannemann Anke , Nauck Matthias , Müller Cornelia
Published: August 2017

Background:

Newborn screening (NBS) is an established screening procedure in many countries worldwide, aiming at the early detection of inborn errors of metabolism. For decades, dried blood spots have been the standard specimen for NBS. The procedure of blood collection is well described and standardized and includes many critical pre-analytical steps. We examined the impact of contamination of some anticipated common substances on NBS results obtained from dry spot samples. This possible pre-analytical source of uncertainty has been poorly examined in the past.

Methods:

Capillary blood was obtained from 15 adult volunteers and applied to 10 screening filter papers per volunteer. Nine filter papers were contaminated without visible trace. The contaminants were baby diaper rash cream, baby wet wipes, disinfectant, liquid infant formula, liquid infant formula hypoallergenic (HA), ultrasonic gel, breast milk, feces, and urine. The differences between control and contaminated samples were evaluated for 45 NBS quantities. We estimated if the contaminations might lead to false-positive NBS results.

Results:

Eight of nine investigated contaminants significantly altered NBS analyte concentrations and potentially caused false-positive screening outcomes. A contamination with feces was most influential, affecting 24 of 45 tested analytes followed by liquid infant formula (HA) and urine, affecting 19 and 13 of 45 analytes, respectively.

Conclusions:

A contamination of filter paper samples can have a substantial effect on the NBS results. Our results underline the importance of good pre-analytical training to make the staff aware of the threat and ensure reliable screening results.
Gender and Urban Aspirations: The Case of Highly Educated Uyghur Women in Shanghai
Authors: Tursun Sajide
Published: August 2017

In spite of the growing attention given to minority Uyghurs in China, there has been little focus on gender issues in relation to the Uyghur migration to inland cities since the 1980s. Based on fifteen months of ethnographic research from 2012 to 2013, this article focuses on the lifeworlds of highly educated Uyghur women and their aspirations in the megacity of Shanghai. A combination of local gender norms, patriarchal Islamic ideologies, and state policies that aim to promote the emancipation of women have influenced the current status, conditions, and gendered identities of Uyghur women. Added to these are the shifting demands of an environment marked by rapid socioeconomic change in urban China that sees Uyghur women on the move. Tracing the migration story of Uyghur women through a case study of Xumar, a woman who pursued university education and then worked in Shanghai, I demonstrate the dilemma of staying or returning with which they constantly wrestle as they attempt to balance the normative Uyghur cultural values and their experiences of urbanism and cosmopolitanism in Shanghai. These factors all inform their understandings of what it means to be a Uyghur woman. Looking at the shifting ideas of gender among highly educated Uyghur women, this research contributes to understanding changes of Uyghur identity in relation to migration on the one hand, and reflects the ambivalence and complexity of Uyghur migration experiences on the other. Personal narratives of migrant Uyghur women shed light on the subtleties of the gender roles, arguments for and against returning home, and their later resignation to (arranged) marriages. The migration experiences gained by the women offer them a better understanding of themselves and of the demands and expectations of their cultural heritage. The urban aspirations of highly educated Uyghur women, this article argues, are produced by structural, cultural, and social factors that rely on dominant discourses of migration, minority, gender, age, class, and place.
Transcriptomic analysis of juvenile wood formation during the growing season in Pinus canariensis
Authors: Chano Víctor , López de Heredia Unai , Collada Carmen , Soto Álvaro
Published: August 2017

A noticeable proportion of low transcribed genes involved in wood formation in conifers may have been missed in previous transcriptomic studies. This could be the case for genes related to less abundant cell types, such as axial parenchyma and resin ducts, and genes related to juvenile wood. In this study, two normalized libraries have been obtained from the cambial zone of young individuals of Pinus canariensis C. Sm. ex DC, a species in which such cells are comparatively abundant. These two libraries cover earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) differentiation, and reads have been de novo meta-assembled into one transcriptome. A high number of previously undescribed genes have been found. The transcriptional profiles during the growing season have been analyzed and several noticeable differences with respect to previous studies have been found. This work contributes to a more complete picture of wood formation in conifers. The genes and their transcription profiles described here provide a useful molecular tool for further studies focused on relevant developmental issues, such as wound response and the formation of traumatic wood, re-sprouting, etc., presumably related to those cells.
Intuition and managerial decision-making
Authors: Gigalová Veronika
Published: August 2017

The study examines new possibilities for recognising and understanding intuitive managerial decision-making, which is increasingly discussed in relation to the theory of management. Managers make decisions in organisations which have been undergoing transformation related to societal changes. Managerial decision-making is still understood as a purely rational action. Let us suppose that managers are able to entirely rationally calculate inputs and outputs, or the consequences, of their actions, and always do so to achieve set goals. Managers are expected to decide quickly, and this increases the probability of errors occurring. Therefore, intuition derived from knowledge, experience and emotions is now taking precedence over rationality.
What is the public perception of what it means to be a good citizen? Empirical evidence from Slovakia
Authors: Gyárfášová Oľga
Published: August 2017

The study analyses the public perception of citizenship in Slovakia using empirical findings from the ISSP sociological survey. The paper conceptualizes the important features of citizenship, identifying three factors constituting the public’s perception of citizenship. It is a perception that is relatively stable in time and informed more by the legal dimension of citizenship than the participatory one. In this respect the empirical findings do not support the theoretical assumptions usually associated with citizenship research that highlight active, participatory citizenship. The study also analyses how citizenship relates to national pride. The author finds that the normative understanding of “a good citizen” is only very loosely related to the perception of national pride.
The “false” debate between positivism andVerstehenin the origins of sociology
Authors: de la Rosa Francisco Javier Ullan
Published: August 2017

The article revisits the debate between the positivists and non-positivists currents in sociology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, concluding that it is actually a false debate, due to the fact that, beyond their differences, both shared some of the basic principles of the paradigm of modernity. From this historical analysis the article seeks to draw lessons for the social sciences in the present, at a time when these seem to have reached a certain synthesis between the modern and postmodern epistemologies. The article shows us that such a synthesis was already prefigured in the writing of classical theorists as it is, in fact, an ineluctable structural law of science itself if it wants to escape from the trap of skepticism and epistemological nihilism. The article also explores how, as a consequence of the pervasiveness of the modern paradigm, a common ethnocentric bias can be traced in all the fathers of sociology and wonders whether sociology today has actually got rid of this problem.
Healthcare seeking behaviour of students living on their own compared to those living in the parental home: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hof Samuel N. , Messoussi Ilyes , Schuijt Michiel T.U. , de Goeij Moniek C.M. , Kunst Anton E.
Published: August 2017

Objective

This study aimed to investigate differences in healthcare seeking behaviour and barriers between students living in the parental home and those living on their own.

Participants

Five hundred and six second year students of the University of Amsterdam (UvA), interviewed in March and April 2015.

Methods

In a paper-and-pencil survey, questions were asked about the students’ healthcare seeking behaviour and barriers. Differences according to residency were analysed with χ2-tests and regression models.

Results

The frequency of healthcare seeking behaviour varied according to residency, but none of the differences were statistically significant. Yet, a proportion of students living on their own visited primary healthcare providers less often after they changed residency (23.7% for general practitioner and 41.8% for dentist). Travel distance and lack of time were most often mentioned as barriers to students living on their own.

Conclusion

The barriers implicate the importance of encouraging students living on their own to switch to a new general practitioner or dentist.
Blood, joy and tears: menarche narratives of undergraduate females in a selected in Nigeria Private University
Authors: Adegbayi Adenike
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study is to add to the body of knowledge on less researched aspects of female adolescent health in Nigeria. It specifically explored the menarche or first period narratives of 136 young women, focusing on the contents of the discussion that ensued with whom they told when they first got their period using qualitative methodology. It also explores sources of premenstrual information and how the menstrual period is managed. The sample consisted of 136 undergraduate females in Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria. Almost all of the respondents (95%) received information about menstruation from mothers, female relatives and school lessons prior to menarche. The majority of the respondents first told either their mother or a female relative when they first got their period and viewed menarche as a crisis. Two salient themes emerged from the contents of the narratives; celebration and advice. The advice theme was further explored and three advice patterns were identified: being a woman, hygiene and changed dynamics in relationships with males. Data from the present study suggests that only certain aspects of the menstruation discourse have evolved. All respondents reported using sanitary towels during their menstrual period with the majority experiencing cramps regularly and (61%) using pharmalogical agents for remedy. It is envisaged that findings from the study will be useful in future health intervention programmes and research on female adolescent health in Nigeria and elsewhere.
A picture of Indian adolescent mental health: an analysis from three urban secondary schools
Authors: Long Katelyn N.G. , Gren Lisa H. , Long Paul M. , Jaggi Rachel , Banik Srabani , Mihalopoulos Nicole L.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Mental health disorders are a pressing issue among adolescents around the world, including in India. A better understanding of the factors related to poor mental health will allow for more effective and targeted interventions for Indian adolescents.

Methods

The Indian Adolescent Health Questionnaire (IAHQ), a validated questionnaire designed specifically for use in schools, was administered to approximately 1500 secondary students in three private urban Indian schools in 2012. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) module assessed mental health. Linear regression was used to predict SDQ scores. The biopsychosocial framework was used as an organizing framework to understand how each explanatory variable in the final model might impact the SDQ score.

Results

One thousand four hundred and eight students returned IAHQ surveys (93.9% response rate); 1102 students completed questions for inclusion in the regression model (78.3% inclusion rate). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) independent variables associated with SDQ scores were gender, level of overall health, negative peer pressure, insults from peers, kindness of peers, feeling safe at home, at school, or with friends, and grades.

Discussion

Schools have a role to play in improving adolescent mental health. Many of the significant variables in our study can be addressed in the school environment through school-wide, long-term programs utilizing teachers and lay counselors. The IAHQ and SDQ can be used by schools to identify factors that contribute to poor mental health among students and then develop targeted programs to support improved mental health.
The diurnal pattern of salivary IL-1β in healthy young adults
Authors: Ghazali Nur Basirah , Steele Michael , Koh David , Idris Adi
Published: August 2017

Disruption in circadian rhythm affects the production of inflammatory cytokines. Understanding how it behaves in diseased conditions is essential. Despite the role of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a potent inflammatory cytokine, in human diseases, little is known about the steady-state circadian rhythm of IL-1β in healthy individuals. This short study investigates the diurnal pattern of salivary IL-1β throughout the day in healthy young adults. Twelve participants provided saliva samples at various times throughout the day. Salivary IL-1β were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Salivary IL-1β levels were highest at 0430 h and lowest at 0000 h and shared a similar diurnal pattern to that of salivary IL-6. Western blot analysis showed that these levels correspond to the mature form of IL-1β. Our findings are important as it established the diurnal pattern of salivary IL-1β is fluctuating normally throughout the day. The findings also open an incredible opportunity for developing research conducted in the field with saliva as the diagnostic tool.
Advances in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation at the nanoscale
Authors: Kashef Nasim , Huang Ying-Ying , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: August 2017

The alarming worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance amongst microbial pathogens necessitates a search for new antimicrobial techniques, which will not be affected by, or indeed cause resistance themselves. Light-mediated photoinactivation is one such technique that takes advantage of the whole spectrum of light to destroy a broad spectrum of pathogens. Many of these photoinactivation techniques rely on the participation of a diverse range of nanoparticles and nanostructures that have dimensions very similar to the wavelength of light. Photodynamic inactivation relies on the photochemical production of singlet oxygen from photosensitizing dyes (type II pathway) that can benefit remarkably from formulation in nanoparticle-based drug delivery vehicles. Fullerenes are a closed-cage carbon allotrope nanoparticle with a high absorption coefficient and triplet yield. Their photochemistry is highly dependent on microenvironment, and can be type II in organic solvents and type I (hydroxyl radicals) in a biological milieu. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles act as a large band-gap semiconductor that can carry out photo-induced electron transfer under ultraviolet A light and can also produce reactive oxygen species that kill microbial cells. We discuss some recent studies in which quite remarkable potentiation of microbial killing (up to six logs) can be obtained by the addition of simple inorganic salts such as the non-toxic sodium/potassium iodide, bromide, nitrite, and even the toxic sodium azide. Interesting mechanistic insights were obtained to explain this increased killing.
High-Intensity Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Damage in Postpubertal Boys and Girls: A Comparative Study
Authors: Pal Sangita , Chaki Biswajit , Chattopadhyay Sreya , Bandyopadhyay Amit
Published: August 2017

Pal, S, Chaki, B, Chattopadhyay, S, and Bandyopadhyay, A. High-intensity exercise induced oxidative stress and skeletal muscle damage in post-pubertal boys and girls: a comparative study. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1045–1052, 2018—The purpose of this study was to examine the sex variation in high-intensity exercise induced oxidative stress and muscle damage among 44 sedentary postpubertal boys and girls through estimation of postexercise release pattern of muscle damage markers like creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and oxidative stress markers like extent of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and catalase activity. Muscle damage markers like creatine kinase, LDH, ALT, and AST were measured before, immediately after, and 24 and 48 hours after high-intensity incremental treadmill running. Oxidative stress markers like thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and catalase activity were estimated before and immediately after the exercise. Lipid peroxidation and serum catalase activity increased significantly in both groups after exercise (p < 0.001) with postexercise values and percentage increase significantly higher in postpubertal boys as compared to girls (p < 0.001). Creatine kinase and LDH activity also increased significantly above pre-exercise level at 24 and 48 hours after exercise in both the sexes, (p < 0.001) with values significantly higher for boys than the girls (p < 0.001). Although ALT and AST increased significantly in both the groups after exercise, the pattern of postexercise release of these markers were found to be similar in both the groups. Accordingly, it has been concluded from the present investigation that high-intensity exercise induces significant oxidative stress and increases indices of skeletal muscle damage in both postpubertal girls and boys. However, postpubertal girls are relatively better protected from oxidative stress and muscle damage as compared to the boys of similar age and physical activity level. It is further evident that sex difference may not be apparent for all the biomarkers of muscle damage in this age group.