bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Agricultural Extension Services at Enhancing Market-Oriented Cocoa Production in Ife-East Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Kinwale Jonathan Akinsola , Omobuwa Tomipe Sunday
Published: May 2022

The extent at which agricultural extension is rendering support towards ensuring market-oriented cocoa production formed the basis for this study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to sample 76 cocoa farmers in Ife-East Local Government Area of Osun State. Radio was the mostly used (92.1%) extension communication channel by the extension agents. The most established linkage was found between farmers and agro-dealers (85.5%). The prominent activities performed by the extension agents toward market-oriented cocoa production were: training on production techniques ( x̅ = 3.62), establishing linkage with input supplies (x̅ = 3.56) and tailored marketing production (x̅ = 3.53 ). Meanwhile, provision of sales outlets to sell produce ( x̅ = 2.91) was ranked low by the cocoa farmers. There was high level of trust for cooperative leadership ( x̅ = 1.86) and extension services (x̅ = 1.81 ). There was no significant relationship (r = -0.037) between activities performed by the extension agents and level of trust with other actors. Agricultural extension services should work with relevant governments and non-governmental organizations to create alternative marketing channels to sustain the current efforts at achieving market-oriented cocoa production.
Enterprise Training Needs of Poultry Farmers During Covid-19 Pandemic in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ohagwu Violet. A. , Onwubuya Elizabeth A. , Nwobodo Cynthia E.
Published: May 2022

The study investigated the enterprise training needs of poultry farmers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Enugu State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and eight (108) respondents from the six agricultural zones in the State. Data were collected using semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed using Percentages and mean score. Findings indicated that (100.0%) of the respondents produced live chicken alone, 88% indicated that they never had any visits from extension agents before and during COVID_19 Pandemic. Also, results revealed that the cost of feeds increased by 88% during the Pandemic. In addition, the major constraints faced by the respondents during pandemic were; scarcity of trained labour ( =3.76), theft ( =3.63), rotting of eggs ( =3.55) and shortage of feeds ( =3.52). The study revealed that farmers needed trainings in the areas of flow of funds (98.1%) and feed formulations (73.1%) during COVID-19 Pandemic. Extension should therefore provide training for farmers on how to access fund during emergencies. Also, farmers should be trained on feed formulation so that they can be able to produce the feed they need during emergencies like COVID-19 Pandemic. Government should make available agricultural grants to farmers which will enable them bounce back especially during emergencies.
Redefining Agricultural Extension Practice to Cope with Emergencies
Authors: Kudla Frank Satumari
Published: May 2022

No Abstract.
Adaptation Strategies to Land Grabbing among Agri-Preneurs in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf-Oshoala M.A. , Okeowo T.A. , Orowole P.F. , Adebayo C.O. , Umunnah M.O. , Agbajuni O.M.
Published: May 2022

The study identified adaptation strategies to land grabbing among agri-preneurs using three stage sampling technique. First was purposive selection of Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu Local Governments. Second stage was selection of communities mostly affected by land grabbing activities; third stage involved use of representative sampling technique to select sixty respondents. Data collected through interview schedule were analyzed using percentage and chi-square. Results showed that increased urbanization 48.3% accounted for major cause of land grabbing. Building and construction was used by 60% of the respondents as the most effective preventive measure. The majority (83.3%) of the respondents used change in farming system as their coping strategies. A significant relationship existed between education status and coping strategies (X2= 11.7). Land grabbing is gradually driving agricultural production into extinction in Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu Local Government Areas mostly known for agricultural production. Equipping farmers with adequate knowledge on different farming system such as mixed cropping, mixed farming and integrated farming system. Extension services should be geared towards giving farmers technical advice and information on how to effectively use the little land at their disposal and Government should assist farmers by ensuring strict adherence to formulated policy on land grab matters.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Implication on Nigeria Agriculture and Role of Extension
Authors: Undiandeye U.C. , Ayi N.A.
Published: May 2022

The paper focused on COVID-19 pandemic, its implication on the Nigeria agriculture and the role of extension. The review uncovered a subtle but undeniable negative impact on all the value chain of the Nigeria agriculture. One of the most important factors that may avert this negative impact is agricultural extension service. With lockdown, travel ban and social distancing, the way out becomes technology. Government and institutions at all levels should intentionally deploy technology tools to aid effective agricultural extension service to farmers.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Agro-inputs Distribution in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyeleke Oyediran Wasiu , Ayoade Alaka Fatai , Siji Olutegbe Nathaniel , Mary Ojo Oluwadamilola
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agro-inputs distribution  and sales along the agricultural supply chain (ASC) in gun State, Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 96 agro-dealers from the Abeokuta and Ilaro ADP zones of Ogun State. Data were collected and analysed using a computer assisted personalized interviewing (CAPI) system. Findings showed that 89% of the respondents sold agro-inputs in the shops, 26% in the rural villages, and 19.8% at market stands. Due to the lockdown, 68.8% closed down shops for 35 – 39 days, 92.7% found it difficult to move agro-inputs from the stores to the villages, and 85.4% incurred high costs in transporting agro-inputs from urban to the rural areas. Likewise, 61.5% reported low patronage of fewer than 10 customers per week while the average weekly sales dropped from ₦60,000 to 15,600 for maize seeds, ₦78,000 to 27,000 for herbicides, and ₦336,000 to 120,000 for fertilizers. The lockdown was significantly affected patronage (β = 0.64) and sales (β = 0.72). The COVID-19 pandemic affected patronage and sales of agro-inputs in Ogun State.
Higher Education Administrators’ Perceived Politics of Education Control on Educational Development of Tertiary Institutions in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim U. , Edemenang C.E. , Deba A.A. , Adam M. , Abba I.S.D.
Published: May 2022

This paper focused on higher education administrators’ perceived impact of politics of control of  education on educational development of tertiary  institutions in Bauchi state, Nigeria. The study  adopted qualitative research approach using case study design. Three specific objectives and three  research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population consisted of senior higher education administrators from all the state’s  tertiary institutions in the three geo-political zones of  Bauchi state. The study had a sample of respondents drawn from the population using  purposive  sampling technique. The numbers that constituted the sample size were five and drawn from College  of Education Azare, College for  Legal and Islamic Studies Misau and College of Education  Kangere within the three educational zone of Bauchi state. Area of the study is Bauchi  state. Semi-structured interview, observation and document analysis were used for data collection. Data  collected were analyzed using content and  thematic analyses to answer the research questions of  this study. Based on the findings, it was concluded that politics affects tertiary institutions  positively  via impact of control of education in Bauchi state. It was recommended among others that politics  of education control should be done  bearing in mind that, it should be intended to improved tertiary  institution for sustainable development and not the other way round. It is hoped  that the recommendations would serves as solutions towards the politics of education control on tertiary  institutions for sustainable development  in Bauchi state.
Utilization of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) As A Feedback Tool by Secondary School Teachers in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State
Authors: Abani F. Shettima , Jidda A. Gabasa , Gazali H.B.
Published: May 2022

The study determined the utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) as a tool for feedback among secondary school teachers in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State. The objectives of the study were to determine level of utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment as a tool for feedback among secondary school teachers and if there are statistically significant differences in the level of utilization among teachers of secondary schools due to the variables of academic qualification, years of experience and gender. The study used exploratory survey research design to obtain data for the study. The target population for this study was all secondary school teachers in Maiduguri metropolis, Borno state. There were 3,170 secondary school teachers within the metropolis as at May, 2021. The sample for the study was one hundred and eighty-five teachers randomly sampled. The instrument for data collection was a researcher designed questionnaire consisting of 19 items. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability of the instrument was .75. The instrument was administered to the teachers in their offices and was collected on the same day. Percentage and frequency count were used to analyze data on the level of utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment as a feedback tool by teachers while Krustal-Wallis Test Chi-Square was used to analyze data on differences in utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment among teachers by academic qualification and years of experience. Data on gender difference in utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment as among teachers was analysed by means of t-test of independent samples. Results on level of utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment indicate a high level of utilization among teachers. On difference in utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment the study found no significant differences among teachers by academic qualifications and years of experience. The result however indicates a significant gender difference in utilization of cognitive diagnostic assessment among teachers in favour of females.
Effect of Interactive Computer Software Package on Keyboarding Students Academic Achievement Between Gender in Federal Colleges of Education in North East Nigeria
Authors: Abdulmumini H. , Adamu Z. , Bello A.
Published: May 2022

The study investigates the effect of interactive computer software package on keyboarding students’ academic achievement among gender in Federal Colleges of Education in North-East Nigeria. The study had two objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses. The pretest posttest comparison group design was used. The population of the study was 1748 students that offered keyboarding in two of the Federal Colleges of Education in North-east Nigeria in 2019/2020 academic session. Two intact classes of 43 male, 30 female making 176 students and 62 male, 103 female students were used for the study respectively. The instrument used for data collection were keyboarding pre-diagnostic achievement test  (KPAT) and keyboarding diagnostic achievement test (KDAT) was designed by the researcher and validated by three experts. The data obtained from pilot study were subjected to statistical analysis using Cronbach Alpha. The instrument had Reliability Coefficient of 0.85 while that of posttest was 0.89. The KDAT were administered to student before the treatment while KDAP were administered after the treatment. Data collected from the two instruments were marked by the researcher using drawn marking scheme. The results of the data were coded in to Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. The SPSS was used analyze Descriptive statistics of Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test, Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research question while t-test was employed in testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed among others that those taught using conventional method perform woefully in both gender. Based on the findings, the researcher concluded that the use of interactive computer software package would help both male and female students to have proficiency in mastering the keyboard which will facilitate their typing skills. It was recommended among others that school should charge all the keyboarding lecturers to use computer software package in teaching the students irrespective of gender.
Stress Management and Employee Counselling: It’s Imperative to the Nigerian Public Service
Authors: Muhammad A. Hauwa , Muhammad S.Y.
Published: May 2022

The paper highlights the importance and the major causes of employee stress, and provides explanations on stress management and employee counselling as a major tool for managing stress in organizations. This work delves and relies heavily on secondary source of data. It also employs the Person Environment fit model theory in its explanation and analysis which believes that both external and internal causative factors are referred to as stressors, and the resulting state of the individual - poor physical health, job dissatisfaction, turn-over as stress. The model posits that for stress to be properly understood, it must be seen as an outcome of interaction of characteristics of both the focal individual [person, employee or worker] and his environment. Person-Environment Fit States Some of the stressors common to Nigerian public servants, include incessant power failure, bad roads, road congestions, environmental hazards among few. the paper concludes by Recommending for the establishment of counselling units in organizations, provision of infrastructure like good roads to reduce road congestions, provision of stable power supply, and payment of living wage.
Analysis of Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 2019 West African Senior School Certificate Examination Multiple-Choice Objective Tests in Economics
Authors: Adewuni D. Adebayo , Busari Y. Taiwo
Published: May 2022

This study analyzed the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 2019 May/June West African Senior School Certificate Examination Multiple-choice Objective Tests in Economics at three different confidence Interval (CI). A quantitative research design of the descriptive type was adopted for the study. The sample of the study was Three hundred and Two (302) Senior Secondary School Three (SSS.3) students that offered Economics selected from twelve (12) schools in the three senatorial districts in Osun State, Nigeria and Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in this study. 2019 May/June and Nov/Dec (GCE/WASSCE) Multiple-Choice Objective Tests in Economics were adopted as instruments for the study. Data collected were analyzed using Descriptive statistics. The findings of this study revealed that the performance of students in WASSCE May/June Economics Multiple choice objective test of 2019 flagged the SEM of 4 (+ or -4). Also, the performance of students in 2019 GCE WASSCE Economics Multiple-choice objective test flagged the SEM of 12 (+ or - 12) both at 68% confidence interval. It was concluded that 2019 May/June WASSCE Economics Multiple-choice objective test is more precise, reliable and correct than 2019 GCE WASSCE Economics Multiple-choice objective test at all the confidence intervals. The study recommended that educators should consider the magnitude of SEMs for students across the achievement distribution. It was also recommended that test practitioners should adopted classical Test Theory (CTT) in test scoring and test precision.
Investigation into The Uses and Practices of Continuous Assessment Among Secondary School Teachers in Biu Educational Zone of Borno State
Authors: Kaku Zakka , Williams W. Waba
Published: May 2022

This research assess uses and practice of continuous assessment among senior secondary school teachers in Biu Educational Zone of Borno State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was employed, all the one hundred and ninety-two (192) teachers in the zone constitute the population and sample of the study. Three objective, one hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, questionnaire was used. Frequency and percentage were used to answer the research questions. While one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to answer the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance data collected was statistically analyzed using statically package of social science (SPSS) at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study revealed that: teachers do not make used of continuous assessment in decision making, there is no significant in the practice of continuous assessment among less qualified, qualified and unqualified teachers. The researchers recommended that: the state government as well as stake holders in Biu Educational Zone of Borno state should only recruit teachers with educational background, those that are still in the system should encouraged to have post graduate diploma in education. Administrator and stakeholders should from time to time organize in house workshop or seminars for teachers in order to acquire real knowledge of C.A. Government should also provide appropriate continuous assessment guideline to help teachers on how to conduct and use continuous assessment, also regular supervision should be done to ensure the effective and efficient use of continuous assessment.
Kültürel Peyzaj Bağlamında Yalvaç İlçesinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: HALAÇ Hicran Hanım , ŞAHİN Esra
Published: May 2022

Kültürel peyzaj dağlar, ovalar, akarsular, vadiler, göller gibi doğal peyzaj alanlarının insanlar tarafından kendi yaşam biçimlerine uyarlanmasıyla oluşmaktadır. Ülkemizde kültürel peyzaj alanında değerlendirilebilecek pek çok alan vardır. Bu alanlardan biri olan Yalvaç ilçesi taşıdığı zengin kültürel peyzaj ögeleriyle ve köklü bir tarihe sahip olmasıyla bu çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmadaki amaç; Yalvaç ilçesinin Dünya Kültürel Peyzaj Listesi’ne dâhil edilebilmesi için farkındalık oluşturmaktır. 2012 yılında geleneksel yaşamını sürdürmeye devam ederek Cittaslow şehir seçilen ilçenin; yöre halkı, yerel kuruluşlar ve kültürel peyzaj alanındaki uzmanların iş birliğiyle kültürel peyzaj listesine girmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın kapsamını Yalvaç ilçe merkezi oluşturmakta olup ilçe sınırları dışında kalan kültürel peyzaj ögelerine sonuç bölümünde değinilmiştir. Yöntem olarak, tespit edilen kültürel peyzaj ögeleri literatür taramasıyla tanımlanmaya çalışılmış, gözlem yöntemiyle kültürel peyzaj ögeleri yerinde tespit edilerek fotoğraflanmış ve genel hatlarıyla konu başlığı ile olan ilişkisi açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak ise tarihi kent dokusu ve asırlık ağaçlarıyla bütün olarak değerlendirilen ilçe merkezinin tescilli kültürel peyzaj alanı listesine dâhil edilmesi için yöre halkı, alanında uzman kişiler, üniversite ve yerel kuruluşlarla birlikte adım atılması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur.
A Long Command Subsequence Algorithm for Manufacturing Industry Recommendation System with Similarity Connection Technology
Authors: Huang Siyu , Huang Xueyan , Zeng Taisheng , Cai Danlin , Zhu Daxin
Published: May 2022

Manufacturing industry requires a unique recommendation system to suggest products and raw materials, but its performance is often poor in massive data environment. In order to solve the similarity connection problem of large-scale real-time data, the optimized incremental similarity connection method which is used to deal with streaming data can concisely obtain the longest common additive sequence of two given input sequences. This paper, on the basis of the recursion equation, applies a very simple linear space algorithm to solve this problem and adopts new states to carry out similarity connection of incremental data. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can not only ensure the accuracy of real-time recommendation system but also greatly reduce the computed amount.
Five-level DTC-ANN with Balancing Strategy of DSIM
Authors: Benyoussef Elakhdar , Barkat Said
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an artificial neural networks controller devoted to improve the performance of direct torque control strategy of double star induction machine fed by two five-level diode-clamped inverters. The resulting control scheme presents enough degrees of freedom to control both torque and flux with very low ripple and high dynamics. Unfortunately, the diode-clamped inverter has an inherent problem of DC-link capacitors voltages variations. To overcome this problem, an artificial neural network based direct torque control with balancing strategy is proposed to suppress the unbalance of DC-link capacitor voltages. Simulations results are given to show the effectiveness and the robustness of the suggested control method.
Transfer Learning-Based Deep Learning Models for Screening Covid-19 Infection from Chest CT Images
Authors: Malliga Dr. S. , Kogilavani Dr. S. V. , Deepti R. , Krishnan S. Gowtham , Adhithiya G. J.
Published: May 2022

As the global prevalence of Covid-19 rises, accurate diagnosis of Covid-19 patients is critical. The biggest issue in diagnosing people who test positive is the non-availability or scarcity of testing kits, as Covid-19 spreads rapidly in the community. To prevent Covid-19 from spreading among humans as an alternative quick diagnostic method, an automatic detection system is required. We propose in this study to employ Convolution Neural Networks to detect corona virus-infected patients using Computed Tomography (CT) images. In addition, we look into the transfer learning of deep convolutional neural networks like VGG16, inceptionV3, and Xception for detecting infection in CT scans.To find the best values for hyper-parameters, we use Bayesian optimization. The study comprises of comparing and analysing the employed pre-trained CNN models. According to the data, all trained models are more than 93 percent correct. Pretrained models such as VGG16, InceptionV3, and Xception have attained more than 97 percent precision. Furthermore, our method introduces novel methods for classifying CT scans in order to detect the Covid-19 infection.
Investigation of the relationship between interferon-gamma receptor 1-56C/T gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to lung sarcoidosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaymaz Serdar , Kavas Murat , Demiray Aydın , Karasu Uğur , Çobankara Veli , Boğa Sibel
Published: May 2022

Objectives:This study aims to investigate the relationship between the interferon-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) polymorphism and susceptibility to lung sarcoidosis.

Patients and methods:The study included a total of 55 patients (13 males, 42 females; mean age: 46.5±9.1 years; range, 22 to 66 years) with lung sarcoidosis and 28 healthy controls (6 males, 22 females; mean age: 43.9±5.9 years; range 22 to 60 years) selected from the Turkish population. The polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping of participants to determine single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which is considered an important tool for detecting genotyping errors, was tested. Allele and genotype frequencies of patients and controls were compared using logistic regression analysis.

Results:The analyses showed no correlation between the tested IFNGR1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2234711) and lung sarcoidosis (p>0.05). The categorization analysis according to the clinical features, laboratory, and radiographic characteristics showed no correlation between the tested polymorphism of IFNGR1 (rs2234711) and these characteristics (p>0.05).

Conclusion:The results of the study showed that the tested gene polymorphism (rs2234711) of IFNGR1 was not associated with lung sarcoidosis. More comprehensive studies are needed to verify our results.
Role of low-density lipoprotein receptor rs5925 (1959C>T) gene polymorphism in pathogenesis of dyslipidemia among Egyptian lupus nephritis patients
Authors: Alsabbagh Yumn A. , Ahmed Saher A. , Salama Heba E. , Abd-Elmawla Mai A. , Elgendy Hala L.
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) rs5925 genetic variants and to evaluate their relationship with plasma lipid and kidney functions in lupus nephritis patients.

Patients and methods: Between September 2020 and June 2021, a total of 100 lupus nephritis patients (8 males, 92 females; mean age: 31.1±1.1 years; range, 20 to 67 years) and a total of 100 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (10 males, 90 females; mean age: 35.8±2.8 years; range, 21 to 65 years) were included. The gene polymorphism rs5925 (LDLR) was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Lipid profile and kidney functions were measured.

Results: Regarding rs5925 (LDLR), C allele was significantly higher among lupus nephritis patients (60%) compared to the control group (45%). While T allele was significantly lower in lupus nephritis patients (40%), compared to the control group (p=0.003). The plasma level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower in lupus nephritis patients with TT and CT genotypes, compared to those with CC genotype. Moreover, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio were significantly lower in patients with TT genotype, compared to the patients with CC genotype. There was a strong and clear association between patients with renal biopsies grades III & IV & V and LDLR C allele (p=0.01, p=0.003, and p=0.004, respectively).

Conclusion: C allele is the significantly prevailed LDLR C1959T variant among lupus nephritis patients. Moreover, LDL-R genetic variant may be one of the non-immunological mechanisms implicated in the disturbed lipid profile among lupus nephritis patients. Profound dyslipidemia may partly underscore the deterioration of kidney function among lupus nephritis patients.
Factors that Accelerate Vulnerability to Climate Change Impact among the Agro- Pastoralists in Arumeru, Tanzania
Authors: Sunda Joseph Laurent
Published: May 2022

This study sought to establish factors that accelerate vulnerability to climate change impact among Agro- Pastoralists in Arumeru District, Tanzania, using the Cross- Sectional Survey Design. The sample size was 202 respondents selected through random and purposive sampling procedures. In each village, 30 households of 18 years of age and above were sampled. Data was collected using household survey, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Data was analysed through the thematic approach and descriptive statistics. The study identified some factors that accelerated vulnerability to Climate Change Impact. The study recommended that there is a need to fully involve local communities in planning and decision making on how to effectively mitigate climate change impacts on people's livelihood. There is also a need for increased consciousness of the possible impacts of climate changes. Finally, the agro-pastoralist should employ several strategies to reduce risk, such as planting drought-resistant crops like cassava to yield in the dry seasons.
Quality Assurance Strategies in Enhancing Learning Achievement among Public Primary Schools in Arusha Region, Tanzania
Authors: Makiya Rosemary , Mnyanyi Cosmas , Ngirwa Coletha
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the School Quality Assurance (SQA) strategies in enhancing learning achievement among Public Primary Schools (PPSs) in Arusha Region, Tanzania, using a cross-section descriptive design. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from 226 participants. Qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic approach and quantitative data through descriptive statistics, ordinal regression and Spearman’s rho correlation. The study revealed that visiting schools regularly, follow-up visits, releasing SQA feedback on time, friendly language, supporting professional development, visiting schools without prior information and involving teachers in SQA practices enhanced learning achievement. Poor transport facilities, shortages of SQAOs and inadequate SQA facilities limited the implementation. While insufficient fund caused SQAOs failure to visit every school in a year, delayed written reports made schools fail to implement SQA recommendations on time. The study recommended that the government of Tanzania should allocate required resources such as employing more qualified officers, adequate provision of funds and transport facilities to facilitate SQA practices. Furthermore, the government needs to support SQAD by continuously conducting short courses on lesson preparation and classroom management in order to support teachers in improving teaching skills. SQAOs need to handle teachers in a friendly manner that promotes trust, thus enhancing quality of their exercise.
Effect of School Infrastructure on Pupil Enrolment in Universal Primary Education Schools: A Case of Mbarara City, Uganda
Authors: Nasuna Gorette , Arinaitwe Judith , Barigye Enoch , Kyayemagye Flora
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the relationship between school infrastructure and pupil enrolment among the universal primary education schools in Mbarara City, Uganda. School infrastructure was conceptualized in terms of physical, services and didactic aspects. The study adopted the cross-sectional research design with a sample of 230 from the population of 776 teachers. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and was analysed quantitatively. The study established that much as the schools had adequate infrastructure including appropriate buildings, enough classrooms, desks that enabled comfortable writing, comfortable classroom chairs, appropriate blackboards and classrooms with attractive charts, the UPE schools did not attract the expected number of pupils. Services infrastructure was at a fair level as a lot was still desired in the schools with respect to electricity, provision of drinking water, toilets for boys and girls and school clinics. The libraries were to a less extent spacious. The schools had very limited working computers and other technologies such as television sets and projectors. While physical infrastructure and services infrastructure had a positive and significant relationship with pupils’ enrolment, didactic infrastructure did not have a relationship. It was therefore recommended that leadership in schools under investigation should make effort to entice parents to take pupils to UPE schools. This could be accomplished by improving the quality of school infrastructure. Since the physical and service infrastructures had a significant relationship with the school enrolment, such factors should be improved in order to enable the schools attract the required number of pupils.
Perspective on Traditional Herbal Medicine – Ashwagandha
Authors: Dev Asish , Kadam Dhanashree Santosh
Published: May 2022

Herbal medicines comprise of herbs, its materials, preparations, and finished products, that contains main constituents which are parts of plants, plant materials, their combinations. In Ayurveda's medical armamentarium, Ashwagandha remains renowned for improving health and well-being, and has proved to be beneficial in the treatment of many ailments. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) [L. Dunal, Family: Solanaceae] is one of the leading and appreciated therapeutic plant of the Indian Ayurvedic medicine system. Ashwagandha is also called as poisonous gooseberry, winter cherry, and Indian ginseng. Inclination to develop new products with Ashwagandha bioactive molecules continues. Ashwagandha is a potential medicinal plant that can produce international business in India. Scientific studies on this plant need to be expanded with more immediate comparisons in order to effectively limit patent technology based on this plant and to utilize a few of its therapeutic uses at the highest level.
Action humanitaire et urbanisation au Tchad : le cas d’Abéché et Goré
Authors: OBAH Yvan Hyannick , BIANGO NYAMA Loïc Bertrand , MENGUE Marie Thérèse
Published: May 2022

La présente réflexion questionne la transformation des espaces traditionnels en centres urbains modernes, sous la bannière de l’action humanitaire. En Afrique, l’attrait des villes occidentales, l’exubérance du phénomène migratoire (multifactoriel) et la forte croissance démographique entraînent une urbanisation rapide et incontrôlée. Au Tchad, les conflits et crises (internes et externes) ont un double rapport à l’urbanisation des villes traditionnelles et des villages. Si au premier abord les effets en termes de dégâts matériaux et de désastres humanitaires obèrent des dynamiques urbaines, ces conflits et crises constituent cependant un catalyseur des transformations rurales et urbaines à travers le déploiement de l’action humanitaire. Cette tendance, qui fait l’objet de ce travail, invite à questionner l’influence de l’action humanitaire sur l’urbanisation, en prenant le cas des villes d’Abéché et Goré au Tchad. Les analyses s’adossent sur la perspective sociologique balandienne centrée sur le concept de « mutations » qui appréhende ici l’action humanitaire comme un facteur de construction et d’identification d’un nouveau type de villes. Elles s’appuient également sur des données empiriques recueillies grâce aux observations directes et indirectes menées dans les zones d’étude (Abéché et Goré). Le premier axe de la réflexion procède à une sociographie de l’action humanitaire au Tchad afin de faire ressortir ses fondements et ses ressorts. Le second moment de l’analyse met l’emphase sur les éléments de complémentarité et de divergence entre l’action humanitaire et l’urbanisation. Le troisième moment enfin s’appesantit sur les défis liés à l’urbanisation par l’action humanitaire au Tchad.
Trajectoire résidentielle des déplacé·e·s internes et migrant·e·s à Ouagadougou
Authors: SERE Seydou
Published: May 2022

Ouagadougou, la capitale du Burkina Faso est une métropole en forte croissance démographique et spatiale, avec une population aujourd’hui estimée à 3 millions d’habitants pour une superficie de 518 km2. Cette dynamique rapide est liée à la croissance naturelle et à une migration importante, à la fois internationale, avec les déplacés du conflit ivoirien au cours des années 2000, et interne, avec la persistance de flux migratoires d’origine rurale. Selon l’observatoire de la population de Ouagadougou (OPO), 71 % des adultes de plus de 15 ans ne sont pas né·e·s dans la capitale. Cette croissance soutenue exerce une pression extrêmement forte sur la situation résidentielle des natifs et des migrants, contraints très souvent à loger dans les quartiers périphériques lotis et non lotis. Cet article analyse, les trajectoires résidentielles des migrant·e·s internes et internationaux à Ouagadougou. Cette analyse s’appuie sur un état de l’art des migrations urbaines au Burkina Faso, et des données de l’étude « Ouaga 2009 », utilisées dans le cadre de nos recherches doctorales. Ainsi, l’article aborde les points sur les lieux de naissance des Ouagalais·es, les flux migratoires, les quartiers d’accueil à l’arrivée et les motifs des migrations vers Ouagadougou, ainsi que les trajectoires résidentielles.
Manifestations et stratégies d’adaptation au changement climatique. Des indicateurs opérationnels pour la gouvernance de la ville de Ziguinchor (Sénégal)
Authors: MBAYE Ibrahima
Published: May 2022

Les manifestations de la vulnérabilité environnementale liée au changement climatique revêtent un caractère multiforme dans la ville de Ziguinchor. Parmi les plus évidentes soulignées par les populations, nous pouvons faire montre des inondations, de l’augmentation de la température de l’air, de la salinisation des terres et de la baisse de la pluviométrie. À Ziguinchor, une prise de conscience empirique des phénomènes naturels associés au changement climatique semble être une réalité. Pour évaluer l’impact de cette prise de conscience, un indice empirique de vulnérabilité environnementale a été construit à partir des réponses individuelles recueillies lors d’une enquête quantitative auprès de 260 chef-fe-s de ménage, répartis dans les 26 quartiers de la ville de Ziguinchor, à raison de 10 ménages par quartier. Les réponses individuelles et empiriques des chef-fe-s de ménage étaient relatives aux manifestations du changement climatique évoquées plus haut. Grâce à une analyse multi-échelles, une distribution plus hétérogène des effectifs des quartiers et des ethnies a été constatée selon les classes de l’indice empirique de vulnérabilité environnementale. Le changement d’échelle a aussi influé sur la significativité des différences relatives aux représentations ou réponses individuelles (chef-fe-s de ménage) des manifestations du changement climatique. Par ailleurs, si une prise de conscience empirique des manifestations du changement climatique semble s’avérer, l’analyse des réponses individuelles a en revanche révélé que 50 % des chef-fe-s de ménage ignorent les stratégies à mettre en œuvre pour atténuer les manifestations du changement climatique.
L’approche de la transition énergétique des organisations internationales pour les pays du Sud : une analyse critique
Authors: ROBERT Pierre
Published: May 2022

Cet article propose une analyse critique des fondements théoriques des approches de la transition énergétique des organisations internationales pour les pays du Sud. Celles-ci font référence à deux modèles théoriques – l’échelle énergétique et l’échelle d’accumulation énergétique – analysés d’un point de vue paradigmatique, théorique et normatif. Ces modèles retiennent les postulats de la microéconomie classique de la consommation. Cela aboutit à promouvoir une vision idéalisée, hors sol et essentialiste de la transition énergétique qui néglige les spécificités contextuelles que revêt ce processus. Cette analyse conclut en faveur d’une approche située de la transition énergétique.
Evaluation of biochemical parameters in acute myocardial infarction and angina patients
Authors: Karpay Soujanya , Sarada C.V. , Kondu Deepthi , Pavuluri Pratyusha , Gadepalli Ramesh , Naresh Bandaru
Published: May 2022

Background: Early and accurate detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important unmet clinical requirement. The present study sought to evaluate the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), fasting lipid profile, random blood sugar, and serum creatinine in AMI patients compared to angina patients.
Methods: In a single-center, hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational, prospective study conducted at Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, from October-2018 to September-2019. A total of 150 patients aged above 40 years with acute chest pain (within 2-6 hours) and who were clinically susceptive of AMI and angina were investigated. The patients were divided into group I (50 AMI patients) and group II (100 angina patients). Levels of all biochemical parameters of blood were assessed. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software, version 15. A student t-test was used to compare the continuous variables between the two groups.
Results: Out of 150 patients, higher male prevalence was found in both the groups (60% and 63%, respectively). Group I had higher levels of NTproBNP (2909±273pg/ml vs. 110±20.74pg/ml, P<0.01), cTnI (2.06±1.3ng/ml vs. 0.006±0.002ng/ml, P<0.01), and fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol:216±41.2mg/dl vs.201±32.5mg/dl, P<0.05, triglycerides:217.7±63.6 mg/dl vs. 175.3±48.8 mg/dl, P<0.01, low-density lipoprotein:141.7mg/dl±41.5 vs. 127.1±30.24 mg/dl, P<0.05, very low-density lipoprotein:43.4±12.8mg/dl vs. 35.1±9.8mg/dl, P<0.01) than group II, except low levels of high-density lipoprotein (31.2±3.83mg/dl vs. 38.9±4.32 mg/dl, P<0.01).
Conclusion: Assessment of NTproBNP, cTnI, and fasting lipid profile may aid in the early diagnosis of AMI and its management.
Detection of stem cells in human endometrium: immune-histochemical study
Authors: Mejbel Hamad Sameeah
Published: May 2022

In this work, we recruited CD105 and CD90 markers to identify the endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) in the human uterine endometrium. Fifty endometrial specimens have been extracted from twenty-five deceased women. All specimens have been embedded in paraffin block and prepared for immune-histochemical processing. The expression of CD105 and CD90 was counted per high power field (HPF). Paired sample t-test was used to compare the means between groups and age variables. The Statistical analysis was conducted using “SPSS16 software" The statistical significance was considered at less than 0.05. Results of paired sample t-test showed that the expression count (EC) at the Basalis layer (with CD105) was 5.26 points higher than the Functionalis layer (95% CI [3.43, 7.09]) and the correlation was strongly and positively related (r = 0.829, P < 0.001). The EC at Basalis layer (with CD90) was 4.96 points higher than Functionalis layer (95% CI [3.02, 6.89]) and the correlation was strongly and positively related (r = 0.746, P= < 0.001). The EC at Functionalis layer (with CD105) was 0.9 points higher than the Stroma layer (95% CI [2.27, 4.11]); however, the correlation was weak and positively related (r = 0.429, P = 0.032). The EC at Functionalis layer (with CD90) was 1.4 points higher than the Stroma layer (95% CI [2.1, 4.2]), but the correlation was moderately and positively related r = 0.547, P = 0.005). Findings of an independent-sample t-test showed that the EC of stem cells at the Functionalis, Basalis, and Stroma layers (with CD105 and CD90 markers) was more among patients of reproductive age (<50 years) than patients who were at non-reproductive age (50 years and above), a statistically significant difference [(m = 9.6, 95% CI (5.3, 14.6), t (19.630) = 4.413, P  < 0.001)], [(m = 10.2, 95% CI (5.2, 15.2), t (20.714) = 4.202, P  < 0.001)] and [(m = 8.4, 95% CI (3.5, 13.4), t (12.313) = 3.523, P  = 0.002)], respectively. In conclusion, the EC of the stem cells in the endometrium decreases with age.
A Reflection on Challenges Faced by Deaf Trainees in Effective Social Interaction in St. Angela Mumias Vocational School, Kakamega, Kenya
Authors: Nzioka Brenda Mumbua Nzioka , Ouko Ong’ang’a  H. M. Ouko , Backy Isanda
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to establish the challenges deaf trainees face in their social interactions. The study focused on St. Angela Mumias Vocational School for the Deaf, Kakamega County. The study was anchored on the Theory of Mind by David Premack (1978). A case study design was adopted. The study target was 103, including 95 deaf trainees, one principal, and 7 trainers. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select 3 trainers and the principal, while simple random sampling was used to select 39 deaf trainees. This study adopted a mixed-methods data collection approach. Questionnaires comprising both open-ended and close-ended questions were used to collect data from the principal and deaf trainees. In contrast, semi-structured interview schedules were used to collect primary data from trainers. Quantitative data was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). Descriptive data was represented in the form of mean, median, mode, correlation, frequency distribution tables, graphs, pie charts, and percentages. Qualitative data were coded systematically by hand, analyzed thematically and presented in narrative form. The findings revealed that only 27.8 % of deaf trainees interacted with the hearing trainees and they also do not share their problems and secrets. Based on the results, the study recommends that the government, through the Ministry of Education, decentralize sign language training to the villages and community settings to assist in enhancing communication between the Deaf and the hearing.
A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among primary school teachers in selected urban and rural schools, Jalandhar (Punjab) with a view to develop an information booklet.
Authors:   Assistant Professor/HOD, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Bharat Institute of Nursing, mudh, Jalandhar, Punjab, Gupta Rajratan
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: Mental retardation is not a disease but a condition in which the intellectual faculties are never manifested or have developed sufficiently to enable the retarded person to acquire such knowledge. The objective of the study to assess the knowledge score regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among the school teacher in urban & rural area, to compare the knowledge score regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among the urban and rural school teachers, to find out the association between urban and rural school teacher knowledge score regarding mild and moderate mental retardation and with their demographic variablesandto develop an information booklet regarding mild and moderate mental retardation. METHODOLOGY: A comparative non-experiment is used. The setting is a urban and rural primary schools, Jalandhar. The sample includes 60 primary school teachers selected by purposive sampling technique. The tool consisted: Part 1 demographic variables and Part 2 Self structured knowledge questionnaire. Reliability of the tool was established by using split half method. RESULTS: The findings of the study show that the mean score and SD of rural primary school on knowledge according to area. Definition and epidemiology the mean score is 3 and SD is 0.5, according to etiology the mean score is 5.6 and SD is 0.5, according to types the mean score is 1.2 and SD is 0.833, according to characteristics the mean score is 2.1 and SD is 0.600, according to sign and symptoms and diagnostic tests the mean score is 0.7 and SD is 0.441, according to prevention the mean score is 2.4 and SD is 0.527 and according to management the mean score is 4.5 and SD is 1.236. CONLUSION: Majority (60%) of urban primary school teachers had satisfactory knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation in children while the majority (83.3%) rural primary school teachers had satisfactory knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation in children.
Determinants Of Auditor Performance At State Islamic Religious Universities In Indonesia
Authors:   State Islamic University Alauddin Makassar, Sumarlin Sumarlin
Published: May 2022

This study aims to examine the effect, independence, competence and understanding of good governance as well as organizational commitment to auditor performance with organizational commitment as an intervening variable and integrity as moderating organizational commitment to the performance of PTKIN SPI auditors in Indonesia. The population of this research is all auditors at SPI PTKIN in Indonesia. The sample used is 137 respondents, which were analyzed using the method Structural Equation Modeling smart Partial Least squares. The results showed that independence, competence and understanding of good governance had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, then independence, competence and organizational commitment had a positive effect on auditor performance, while understanding of good governance had no effect on auditor performance, then independence, competence and understanding of good governance had a positive effect. on auditor performance through organizational commitment while integrity is not able to moderate the relationship of organizational commitment to auditor performance.