bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistemas de innovación agrícola: una mirada a la situación del sector agrícola ecuatoriano
Authors: Zamora Boza Solange , Espinoza Herrera Xavier , San Andrés Reyes Pablo , Moreno Silva Adrián
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo pretende contextualizar las características de los sistemas de innovación dentro del sector agrícola, incluyendo varios actores públicos y privados dentro de un entorno de instituciones, incentivos, tecnología, y recursos. Particularmente, se analiza el caso de Ecuador, en el que se describe la situación de los principales cultivos ecuatorianos y los esfuerzos en materia de innovación agrícola que se han implementado hasta el año 2018. El objetivo de la presente investigación es revisar los modelos de innovación desarrollados en la región, y analizar las características del sector agrícola en el país. La metodología del estudio es descriptiva y exploratoria a través de búsquedas bibliográficas y documentales, para indagar, identificar y detallar los factores relacionados con la innovación en la agricultura. Se concluye que el Ecuador es un país donde predomina la agricultura primaria con recursos subutilizados, pero con potencial de crecimiento y mejora de su productividad
Análisis desde la plurinacionalidad y la interculturalidad de la justicia indígena en el Ecuador
Authors: Zuleta Sánchez Andrea , Ortiz Merchán Grace
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo contiene un estudio de las normas jurídicas desarrolladas a partir del reconocimiento de la justicia indígena en el Ecuador, misma que deviene de un proceso de conquistas de derechos de los pueblos indígenas, y cuyo ejercicio, previo a la Constitución de 1998, hubiese resultado imposible. La Constitución vigente reconoce a las formas de resolver los conflictos en el mundo indígena, envistiéndolo de legitimidad y relacionándolo con el Derecho estatal por medio de los mecanismos de control constitucional esbozados tanto en la Carta Magna como en las leyes de desarrollo. El preámbulo de la Constitución de Montecristi, lleva a inferir que el Estado tiene como objetivo el encuentro intercultural de los pueblos y nacionalidades existentes en el territorio. El control constitucional garantiza el pleno reconocimiento del pluralismo jurídico existente en el Ecuador, que surge de la pluriculturalidad siendo su fin teleológico la interculturalidad. Mediante el presente estudio se busca analizar los mecanismos de reconocimiento y control que ejerce el Estado a través de las distintas normas del ordenamiento jurídico en aras de la consecución de la interculturalidad. El análisis jurisprudencial es vital para el presente ensayo, puesto que el ordenamiento jurídico previo al reconocimiento de la llamada justicia indígena, no se había desarrollado en la práctica.
The Relationship Between Share Prices and DUPONT Model Components: Evidence from Mexican Stock Market
Authors: Tovar Rocha Luis Manuel , Téllez Pérez Julio , Agudelo Torres Gabriel Alberto
Published: January 2022

This article presents the possible association between the three components (profit generation, asset efficiency and financial leverage) of the DUPONT ratio and share prices. The generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation was used with a sample of 23 companies traded on the Mexican stock exchange between 2008 and 2016, considering a period of three days before and three days after the presentation of the quarterly results. It is noted that the generation of profit and efficiency are the components of the DUPONT model that are strongly associated with stock prices, while the leverage effect is the component with the least impact. This empirical work is intended to help understand the relationship between accounting information and stock prices. The study identifies variables that influence decision-making and does not seek to be a predictive model of the value of actions in the future. This research differs from previous studies because it considers the volatility index (VIMEX) as a control variable.
Neuro-wavelet Model for price prediction in high-frequency data in the Mexican Stock market
Authors: Massa Roldán Ricardo , Reyna Miranda Montserrat , Gómez Salcido Vicente
Published: January 2022

With the availability of high frequency data and new techniques for the management of noise in signals, we revisit the question, can we predict financial asset prices? The present work proposes an algorithm for next-step log-return prediction. Data in frequencies from 1 to 15 minutes, for 25 high capitalization assets in the Mexican market were used. The model applied consists on a wavelet followed by a Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM). Application of either wavelets or neural networks in finance are common, the novelty comes from the application of the particular architecture proposed. The results show that, on average, the proposed LSTM neuro-wavelet model outperforms both an ARIMA model and a benchmark dense neural network model. We conclude that, although further research (in other stock markets, at higher frequencies, etc.) is in order, given the ever increasing technical capacity of market participants, the inclusion of the LSTM neuro-wavelet model is a valuable addition to the market participant toolkit, and might pose an advantage to traditional predictive tools.
Penentuan Setelan Rotor Mesin Open End Untuk Pembuatan Benang Ne 6 sebagai Upaya Jaminan Atas spesifikasi dan Kualitas Pada Workshop Pemintalan di Ak-Tekstil Solo
Authors: Pujianto Hendri , Dharma Fajar Pitarsi , Hindardi Darmawan , Tuwarno Tuti Purwati
Published: January 2022

Mesin open end adalah salah satu jenis mesin yang digunakan dalam proses pemintalan benang. Fungsi utama mesin open end adalah memproses sliver dari mesin drawing dan memisahkan sliver menjadi serat tungga. Serat dikirim ke rotor melalui saluran vakum, rotor berputar pada kecepatan yang sangat tinggi dan memadatkan sebagian serat menjadi bentuk khusus dengan memutar serat pada saat yang bersamaan. Rotor adalah jantung dari proses pemintalan yang mempengaruhi kualitas benang, kinerja pemintalan, produktivitas dan keekonomisan proses. Pembuatan benang Ne pada industri pemintalan diproses pada mesin open end dan untuk benang Ne 6 menggunakan rotor tipe C341 dan C533 agar dapat memenuhi spesifikasi dan kualitas benang Ne 6. Penggunaan rotor yang berbeda tipe menghasilkan spesifikasi dan kualitas benang Ne 6 yang berbeda pula. Solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah menentukan setelan rotor mesin open end yang paling tepat untuk memenuhi spesifikasi dan kualitas benang Ne 6. Percobaan produksi dilakukan di spindel nomor 7 dan 9 pada mesin. Setelah dilakukan pengamatan terhadap percobaan produksi dengan dua tipe rotor yang berbeda maka didapatkan rotor tipe C341 yang lebih memenuhi spesifikasi dan kualitas untuk pembuatan benang Ne 6. Pada spindel 7 mendapat rata–rata Ne 5,86 dan nilai Cvm% yaitu 12,56, spindel 9 mendapat rata–rata Ne 5,94 dan nilai Cvm% yaitu 14,22. Nilai Ne telah memenuhi standar spesifikasi benang Ne 6 yaitu 5,8-6,2 Ne dan nilai Cvm% telah memenuhi toleransi jaminan kualitas ketidakrataan benang Cvm%=1,11-1,25 nilai Um%.
Modifikasi Medium Menggunakan Saline-Water Soluble Fraction (SSF) atau Fraksi Minyak Terlarut untuk Menumbuhkan Bakteri Pendegradasi Hidrokarbon
Authors: Huyyirnah Huyyirnah , R Rosmaniar
Published: January 2022

Isolasi bakteri pendegradasi hidrokarbon memerlukan teknik yang baik dan nutrisi optimal untuk pertumbuhannya. Kendala dalam pembuatan medium dan pengamatan isolat bakteri yang mengandung hidrokarbon sering terjadi di laboratorium, sehingga dibutuhkan teknik pengembangan metode dalam proses isolasi bakteri pendegradasi hidrokarbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan jumlah dan jenis koloni bakteri yang tumbuh dalam medium Zobell+saline-water soluble fraction (SSF) dibandingkan dengan medium Zobell+minyak bumi. Metode penelitian yaitu mengisolasi bakteri menggunakan medium Zobell+SSF 6 jam (A), 12 jam (B), 24 jam (C) dan sebagai kontrol adalah medium Zobell+1% v/v minyak bumi (K), perhitungan bakteri menggunakan metode TPC dan mengidentifikasi bakteri dengan alat VITEK-MS. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah bakteri yang tumbuh pada medium Zobell+SSF 24 jam (C) adalah 6.9 x 108 CFU/ml, hal ini menunjukkan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Zobell+1% v/v minyak bumi (K)=5.2 x 108 CFU/ml, medium Zobell+SSF 12 jam (B)=6.6 x 107 CFU/ml dan medium Zobell+SSF 6 jam (A)=1.8 x 107 CFU/ml.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa dari segi jumlah total bakteri medium modifikasi Zobell+SSF pengadukan selama 24 jam (C) lebih baik dalam menumbuhkan bakteri pendegradasi hidrokarbon dibandingkan dengan pengadukan 6 jam (A), 12 jam (B), dan medium Zobell+1% v/v minyak bumi (K). Sedangkan apabila berdasarkan dengan keragaman bakteri, didapatkan hasil bahwa strain bakteri yang terisolasi pada medium modifikasi Zobell+SSF perlakuan pengadukan 6, 12, 24 jam sama dengan strain bakteri yang tumbuh pada kontrol (medium Zobell +1% v/v minyak bumi. Bakteri yang teridentifikasi sebagai bakteri pendegaradsi hidrokarbon adalah bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter asburiae/Enterobacter cloacae dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Optimalisasi Kecepatan Belt Conveyor pada Praktikum Time Study di Laboratorium Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja
Authors: Delti Gemah
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kecepatan optimal belt conveyor pada praktikum time study di laboratorium Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja Politeknik ATI Makassar. Laboratorium Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja (TPSK) adalah sarana dan prasarana untuk kegiatan proses belajar mengajar, baik yang bersifat rutin kegiatan praktikum maupun eksidental berupa suatu tempat yang digunakan untuk percobaan dan pengamatan yang berhubungan dengan bidang ilmu teknik industri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu suatu metode yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran yang sejelas­jelasnya tentang deskripsi  time study di Laboratorium TPSK untuk menetapkan waktu baku melalui data dan pengukuran­pengukuran waktu kemudian hasilnya akan dibuat kesimpulan secara umum terhadap optimalisasi kecepatan belt conveyor. Jumlah populasi yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Teknik Industri Agro yang menjalani perkuliahan praktek pada Laboratorium TPSK jumlah populasi ±210 orang mahasiswa. Sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa  yang praktek modul time studi sebanyak ±93 orang. Hasil pengujian keseragaman data pada percobaan ke dua menggunakan aplikasi miniTab guna menentukan reliability diperoleh 98,9 %. Hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan telah memenuhi syarat 95 % covidence Level dan 5 % Degree of Accuracy dengan bukti  N’ ≤ N pada percobaan ke dua dengan kecepatan belt conveyor 1,5 m/s. Sehingga optimalisasi kecepatan belt conveyor praktikum time study di laboratorium teknik perancangan sistem kerja ada pada kecepatan 1,5 m/s.
Aproximaciones a la temprana formación cívica de niños y niñas
Authors: Aguirre Lora María Esther
Published: January 2022

Entre los eventos más significativos que la modernidad impulsó está el auge de la cultura escrita/impresa, cuya consolidación en el curso del siglo XIX trajo consigo nuevas prácticas culturales que modificarían sustancialmente la forma de entender el mundo y de comunicarse con el otro, y que revelarían una gran diversidad de prácticas lectoras y de materiales. El siglo XIX comenzó a dirigirse a diversos tipos específicos de población; en este contexto surgieron el Diario de los Niños (1839-1840) y Los niños pintados por ellos mismos (1843), ambas publicaciones debidas a la iniciativa de Vicente García Torres, con el propósito de contribuir a la formación de los futuros ciudadanos que el nuevo proyecto de sociedad requería. Este texto estudia dichas publicaciones a través de los siguientes ejes: a) la primera publicación periódica dirigida a la niñez; b) modelos ejemplares o Mozart para niños; c) representaciones sociales en torno a la niñez.
Automatic Facial Mask Rule Violation Detection using Keras & Tensorflow to Limit COVID-19
Authors: Francis Eayan
Published: January 2022

Abstract: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that spread by itself coming in the contact of people. It was initially started from China and now it has been spread all over the world and many casualties have been occurred. Social distancing commonly known as physical distancing is a non-pharmaceutical approach through which it can be reduced. But social distancing only works when people started wearing mask because it can spread by sneezing even having distance among people. So wearing mask is mandatory to stop spreading this virus at its possible extent. In this paper, it has been intended to identify the people who are wearing mask or not. By the help of CCTV camera it can be recognized at the entrance of various public places such as mall, airport, railway station, mart and many more. If facial mask can be recognized effectively with high level of accuracy then it can become mandatory for people who are violating the rules. The proposed system uses Keras and Tensorflow model for identifying whether people are following the rule or not. Tensorflow is a deep learning methodology through which facial mask can be detected with all kind of situations. Proposed system is able to classify whether a person wear a mask or not, it is also able to identify whether people incorrectly wearing mask i.e. partial wearing. It is mandatory to identify whether people are properly using the mask or not. System identify this kind of situation and classified them accordingly. System uses hybrid technique by combining two algorithms i.e. keras and tensorflow. By combining both the systems it can be identified more precisely to identify the rule violations. Keywords: COVID-19, Facial Mask, Convolutional Neural Network, Classifiers, Machine Learning, Image Processing, Pattern Recognition.
A Multidisciplinary Team of a Physician and Clinical Pharmacists Managing Hypertension
Authors: Hutchison Robert W. , Hash Robert B. , Nault Evan C.
Published: January 2022

Background: Providing effective pharmaceutical care to ambulatory care patientswith chronic diseases presents an enormous challenge. Medication therapy management (MTM) is defined as the direct, responsible provision of medicationrelated care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life. MTM is a patient-centred service, typically provided by clinical pharmacists in collaboration with physicians and other healthcare providers, that seeks to improve the quality of medication use and intended results among patients who are at high risk of having adverse reactions from medications.Methods and Findings: We tested the hypothesis that MTM provides both improved outcomes and cost reduction as determined by differences in the measurable outcomes (lipid levels, tobacco consumption, weight, prescription cost, and average blood pressure values). Patients were given, at random, the opportunity to participate in MTM in a 5-month period. We found there was a significant reduction in blood pressure, glucose, LDL, triglycerides, cholesterol, and cost for patients participating in MTM.Conclusions: MTM may improve pharmacotherapy outcomes and reduce medication costs.
The Timely Open Communication for Patient Safety Project
Authors: Paterson Margo Lynn , Medves Jennifer , Dalgarno Nancy , O'Riordan Anne , Grigg Robyn
Published: January 2022

Background: Concern is growing over increased numbers of adverse events experienced by patients when admitted to acute care hospitals in Canada due to breakdowns in communication. The purpose of the Timely Open Communication for Patient Safety (TOC) project was to create a culture of patient safety through enhanced interprofessional communication by developing resources for caregivers and patients. Methods and Findings: The research was framed by a mixed methods design that included pre- and post-surveys and focus groups, online educational modules, face-to-face activities, and the development of patient orientation materials. Three clinical sites participated in the study. The findings indicate that supporting healthcare teams to identify strengths, challenges, and future directions of communicating, clarifying roles, functioning, and collaborating, coupled with educational interventions that raise awareness of patient safety,may enhance patient safety. The study was limited by the absence of data regarding the incidence of adverse events during the research period. Conclusion: The data showed improvement in team members' perceptions of interprofessional collaborative practice within the participating Collaborative Learning Units (CLUs). If the CLU model of care is adopted within the healthcare system, the safety of patients/clients may improve.
Improving Understanding of Teaching Strategies Perceived by Interprofessional Learning (IPL) Lecturers to Enhance Students’ Formulation of Multidisciplinary Roles: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Dalrymple Lynn , Hollins Martin Caroline Joy , Smith Wendy
Published: January 2022

Background: Interprofessional Learning (IPL) is an educational process intended to equip health and social care students with appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes for effective interprofessional working. By and large, the literature review highlighted in this article has shown that IPL is a worthwhile pursuit, with some studies highlighting conflicts over best teaching methods to use. In response, the aim of this exploratory research was to improve understandings of teaching strategies perceived by IPL lecturers to enhance students' formulation of multidisciplinary roles.Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with a purposive sample of 4 consenting IPL lecturers. The objectives of the study were to extend understandings of strategies believed to enhance or inhibit students' accurate assimilation of Allied Health Professional (AHP) roles, to nurture awareness of potential obstacles that may inhibit successful delivery of IPL, to promote insight into what constitutes quality delivery of IPL, and to identify potential topics for further research.Findings: Five themes emerged from the data: (1) IPL lecturers hold contrasting viewpoints about the need for IPL; (2) improved understanding of roles is directly proportional to time spent with AHPs; (3) perspectives differ about when and where IPL should be taught; (4) stereotyping and negative attitudes inhibit accurate role construction; and (5) positive role modelling by lecturers is important.Conclusions: This article acts in a conscience-raising manner and highlights five key areas of lecturers' understandings about how to effectively deliver IPL. This nurtured awareness will be used to develop and evaluate new implementations in IPL and education.
Development of the Department of Veterans Affairs Centers of Excellence in Primary Care Education Trainee Participant Survey: Measuring Trainees’ Perceptions of an Interprofessional Education Curriculum
Authors: Davila Jessica A. , Sansgiry Shubhada , Rugen Kathryn Wirtz , Rajashekara Shruthi , King Samuel , Amspoker Amy , Tivis Rick , Poppe Anne , Harada Nancy D. , Gilman Stuart C.
Published: January 2022

Background: The Trainee Participant Survey was developed for the evaluation of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Centers of Excellence in Primary Care Education (VA CoEPCE), which developed and delivered an interprofessional education (IPE) postgraduate curriculum to learners of multiple professions at seven geographically diverse VA facilities across the United States.Methods and findings: Perceptions of the curriculum by learners across professions were assessed to identify differences in curricular perceptions and unmet needs to inform programmatic changes. The comparison of responses by profession revealed no statistically significant differences across the core domains; precepting, supervising, mentoring; or program practices. Trainee professions differed significantly on satisfaction and system impacts.Conclusion: The Trainee Participant Survey has excellent psychometric properties and can serve as a model for evaluating future IPE programs.
Does the Type of Records Affect the Estimates of the Parameters?
Authors: Tripathi Ayush , Singh Umesh , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: January 2022

The maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters of inverse Rayleigh and exponential distributions are discussed based on lower and upper records. The aim is to study the effect of the type of records on the behavior of the corresponding estimators. Mean squared errors are calculated through simulation to study the behavior of the estimators. The results shall be of interest to those situations where the data can be obtained in the form of either of the two types of records and the experimenter must decide between these two for estimation of the unknown parameters of the distribution.
Formation of content modules for teaching artificial intelligence in the basic school
Authors: Levchenko Irina V. , Merenkova Polina A.
Published: January 2022

Problem and goal. The problem of insufficient substantive provision of training of primary school students in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is considered. The goal is to identify and describe the basic didactic elements within the content modules, as well as to identify the intrasubject and intersubject connections that are realized in the course of teaching the elements of AI in the main school. Methodology. A set of methods was used: analysis of international experience (USA, China, England, Germany, Israel, Russia); analysis of documents defining requirements for the implementation of basic educational programs; analysis of textbooks; research of ready-made software solutions applicable in the process of teaching the basics of AI to primary school students; reflection of the content of the knowledge gained. Results. The study made it possible to identify learning opportunities in the field of AI for students starting from grade 5, regardless of the availability of teaching hours allocated for compulsory informatics education, due to the variability of general education. An analysis of informatics textbooks for basic school showed that teaching the basics of AI should be implemented taking into account intrasubject connections with informatics. This approach will make it possible to carry out a supporting, expanding or propaedeutic function of teaching AI elements in relation to the main course of informatics. In the process of forming meaningful modules for teaching the elements of AI to primary school students, starting from grade 5, didactic elements were identified, the development of which must be organized taking into account interdisciplinary connections with general education disciplines. The content of educational material in the field of AI should be mastered through the most expedient types of activity in the context of the system-activity approach, which will allow to form personally significant know- ledge and skills of students, to develop their creative abilities. Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to substantiate the expediency of teaching the elements of AI to primary school students, starting from grade 5. Various options for including in the basic school curriculum issues related to the basics of AI, taking into account the existing experience of teaching schoolchildren in the field of informatics, were identified.
Choosing a project topic by students in the development and implementation of it projects
Authors: Ruzhnikov Michael S. , Charnaya Olga M.
Published: January 2022

Problem and goal. The theoretical approaches and main stages of work from the point of view of design thinking, as well as the experience of choosing topics and developing IT projects by students in grades 10-11, are presented. Methodology. The methodological basis of the work was the analysis of the design thinking method, which is presented in the works of R. Kyudale, O. Kempkens, G. Andreev, A.S. Krotova and A.A. Barkov. Approaches to the use of the design thinking method in the development of an IT project by a schoolchild are formulated, their brief characteristics and the tools used are given. As tools of the design thinking method at different stages of project development, the following are used: analysis of existing solutions, similar situations, insights from opinion leaders, analysis of artifacts, interviews, swot analysis, five Why?, the method of focal objects, scamper, etc. Results. In the process of working on the project, students in grades 10-11 use the tools of design thinking in their activities. The result of the work is an IT project of students Smart Pomodoro Timer. Conclusion. In order to introduce the method of design thinking into the joint work of a teacher and a student on an IT project into practice, it is necessary to develop a system of advanced training for teachers in terms of developing practical skills in using design thinking tools for effective process management. In addition, develop the creative potential of teachers and students in the context of the digital transformation of education and attract specialists from different fields (designers, software developers, data analysts, etc.).
Myeloid Sarcoma of the Bladder in a Patient with Chronic myelomonocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Smith Rebecca , Mohamed Bashir , Nettleton Jeremy
Published: January 2022

Background

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary tumour of immature granulocytes, most commonly involving the skin, bone, lymph nodes, and soft tissue. It is usually associated with a diagnosis of relapsed or de novo acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic transformation of a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, or can occur as isolated myeloid sarcoma.

Case report

A 66-year-old female with a 7-year history of stable chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia presents with urgency, frequency, dysuria symptoms, and without new constitutional symptoms. She is found to have atypical, multifocal lesions on the right posterolateral wall of the bladder with associated hydronephrosis. Pathology reveals the diagnosis as myeloid sarcoma; surprisingly, bone marrow evaluation does not show evidence of acute leukaemic transformation.

Conclusions

Myeloid sarcoma occurring in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia is extremely rare, and there are no cases reported in the English literature of these patients developing lesions in the bladder. The urological manifestations of an underlying haematological malignancy are best managed with a combination of systemic chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplant, and in this case, the only surgical intervention required was ureteric stenting and tissue biopsy. Although rare, it is essential to consider alternative diagnoses when confronted with an atypical bladder tumour; failure to do so may result in patient harm by exposure to unnecessary intervention and delay to potentially curative treatment.
STEAM Elementary School With The Concept of Creative Learning Space in Heidegger’s View
Authors: Trisno Rudy , Lianto Fermanto , Tishani Natasha Kurnia
Published: January 2022

This research aims to find out that education significantly influences the way people live in the world; with today’s education, humans and robots have become blurred. Therefore, it is necessary to change the curriculum and education, architecture which are the main problems Heidegger’s views used as a reference in this study. The solution offered to apply the future curriculum, namely STEAM, to the education system and its architectural forms by creating creative spaces and creating architecture that exudes human existence in them with metaphorical architecture. In this study, the current incidence of COVID-19 is taken as the context of the times in which humans are in, so it is necessary to make a school design is responsive to Covid-19. The method applied: 1) Applying the concept of ‘being’ in Heidegger’s philosophy; 2) creating a creative space; 3) creating a strategy when the Covid-19 incident in Heidegger’s philosophy of ‘time’. Architects need to think about the people who feel the existence of buildings in terms of form and function. The findings; how to create creative spaces to help the learning process in schools so that children can be motivated by their creativity by referring to Heidegger’s views on ‘being and time’.
A GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF BIM STANDARDS ACROSS THE GLOBE: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Ganah Abdulkadir , Lea Gavin
Published: January 2022

Building Information Modelling (BIM) represents a paradigm shift in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry as companies reposition themselves from a people, technology and process perspective to improve efficiency and quality. The aim of this paper is to identify and compare BIM standards, guidelines and templates from around the globe in order to provide an indicative central resource for BIM documentation and gaps in BIM standards. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research methodological approach was utilised, underpinned by document analysis of BIM standards developed in different countries across six continents. These findings are presented in tabular format along with illustrations to highlight documentation gaps, which form the basis of discussion. This research evaluates 13 countries’ BIM standards, guidelines and templates; the correlation of which presents relationships and synergy, including recommendations for the development of standards based on the gaps presented. Research findings provide a pivotal appreciation of the different levels of maturity – the discourse of which can act as a signpost for each countries reflection, viz: government, industry bodies or academic institution to help develop BIM standards to fill the gaps in contract, Employers Information Requirement (EIR), BIM Execution Plan (BEP) and design documentation.
Transcriptome analysis provides critical answers to the “variants of uncertain significance” conundrum
Authors: Postel Mackenzie , Culver Julie O. , Ricker Charité , Craig David
Published: January 2022

The vast volume of data that has been generated as a result of the
next-generation sequencing revolution is overwhelming to sift through
and interpret. Parsing functional vs. non-functional and benign vs.
pathogenic variants continues to be a challenge. Out of three billion
bases, the genomes of two given individuals will only differ by about 3
million variants (0.1%). Furthermore, only a small fraction of these
are biologically-relevant and, of those that are functional, only a
handful actually drive disease pathology. While whole genome and exome
sequencing have transformed our collective understanding of the role
that genetics plays in disease pathogenesis, there are certain
conditions and populations for whom DNA-level data has failed to produce
a molecular diagnosis. Patients of non-White race/non-European ancestry
are disproportionately affected by “variants of unknown/uncertain
significance” (VUS). This limits the scope of precision medicine for
minority patients and perpetuates health disparities. VUS often include
deep intronic and splicing variants which are difficult to interpret in
DNA alone. RNA analysis is capable of illuminating the consequences of
VUS thereby allowing for their reclassification as pathogenic vs.
benign. Here we review the critical role, going forward, of
transcriptome analysis for clarifying VUS in both neoplastic and
non-neoplastic diseases.
Pollinator community response to planted pollinator habitat in agroecosystems over time
Authors: Levenson Hannah , Tarpy David R.
Published: January 2022

Pollinators are important both ecologically and economically, with the
majority of flowering plants and many of the world’s crop species
relying on animal pollination—the majority of which is provided by
bees. However, documented pollinator population decline threatens
ecosystem functioning and human well-being. As such, conservation
methods such as augmented pollinator habitat are becoming popular tools
to combat pollinator losses. In our study, we evaluate an initiative to
plant pollinator habitat at all North Carolina agricultural research
stations to ensure that these efforts result in improved bee
communities. From 2016 to 2018, we found significant increases in bee
abundance and community diversity. These increases depended on the
quality of habitat, with plots with higher cover and more plant
diversity supporting larger, more diverse bee communities. Although the
habitat positively supported bee communities, we found that overall
habitat quality degraded over the course of our study. This points to
the need of regular upkeep and maintenance of pollinator habitat in
order for it to appropriately support bee communities. Future long-term
studies on pollinators will be important as natural fluctuations in bee
populations may limit findings and many knowledge gaps on native bees
still persist.
Unsupervised Character Recognition with Graphene Memristive Synapses
Authors: Walters Ben , Lammie Corey , Yang Shuangming , Jacob Mohan , Azghadi Mostafa Rahimi
Published: January 2022

Memristive devices being applied in neuromorphic computing are
envisioned to significantly improve the power consumption and speed of
future computing platforms. The materials used to fabricate such devices
will play a significant role in their viability. Graphene is a promising
material, with superb electrical properties and the ability to be
produced sustainably. In this paper, we demonstrate that a fabricated
graphene-pentacene memristive device can be used as synapses within
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to realise Spike Timing Dependent
Plasticity (STDP) for unsupervised learning in an efficient manner.
Specifically, we verify operation of two SNN architectures tasked for
single digit (0-9) classification: (i) a simple single-layer network,
where inputs are presented in 5x5 pixel resolution, and (ii) a larger
network capable of classifying the Modified National Institute of
Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, where inputs are presented in
28x28 pixel resolution. Final results demonstrate that for 100 output
neurons, after one training epoch, a test set accuracy of up to 86% can
be achieved, which is higher than prior art using the same number of
output neurons. We attribute this performance improvement to homeostatic
plasticity dynamics that we used to alter the threshold of neurons
during training. Our work presents the first investigation of the use of
green-fabricated graphene memristive devices to perform a complex
pattern classification task. This can pave the way for future research
in using graphene devices with memristive capabilities in neuromorphic
computing architectures. In favour of reproducible research, we make our
code and data publicly
available https://anonymous.4open.science/r/c69ab2e2-b672-4ebd-b266-987ee1fd65e7.
Woody plant secondary chemicals increase in response to abundant deer and arrival of invasive plants in suburban forests
Authors: Morrison Janet A. , Roche Bernadettte , Veatch-Blohm Maren
Published: January 2022

Plants in suburban forests of eastern North America face the dual
stressors of high white-tailed deer density and invasion by
nonindigenous plants. The combination of chronic deer herbivory and
strong competition from invasive plants could alter a plant’s stress-
and defense-related secondary chemistry, especially for long-lived
juvenile trees in the understory, but this has not been studied. We
measured foliar total antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids in
juveniles of two native trees, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash)
and Fagus grandifolia (American beech), growing in six forests in
the suburban landscape of central New Jersey, USA. The trees grew in
experimental plots that had been subject for 2.5 years to factorial
treatments of deer access/exclosure X addition/no addition of the
nonindigenous invasive grass Microstegium vimineum (Japanese
stiltgrass). As other hypothesized drivers of plant secondary chemistry,
we also measured non-stiltgrass herb layer cover, light levels, and
water availability. Univariate mixed model analysis of the deer and
stiltgrass effects and multivariate structural equation modeling (SEM)
of all variables showed that both greater stiltgrass cover and greater
deer pressure induced antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids, with some
variation between species. Deer were generally the stronger factor, and
stiltgrass effects were most apparent at high stiltgrass density. SEM
also revealed that soil dryness directly increased the chemicals; deer
had additional positive, but indirect, effects via influence on the
soil; in beech PAR positively affected flavonoids; and herb layer cover
had no effect. Juvenile trees’ chemical defense/stress responses to deer
and invasive plants can be protective, but also could have a
physiological cost, with negative consequences for recruitment to the
canopy. Ecological implications for species and their communities will
depend on costs and benefits of stress/defense chemistry in the specific
environmental context, particularly with respect to invasive plant
competitiveness, extent of invasion, local deer density, and deer browse
preferences.
Association of rs780094 and rs1260326 glucokinase regulatory protein gene polymorphisms with dyslipidemia in a group of Serbian acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Basic Jelena , Milosevic Vuk , Zivanovic Milica , Kundalic Jasen , Despotovic Milena , Jevtovic-Stoimenov Tatjana , Stojanovic Ivana
Published: January 2022

Although genetic variations rs780094 and rs1260326 of the glucokinase regulatory protein gene (GCKR) could be associated with lipid profile imbalance, their influence on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) risk has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of GCKR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs780094 and rs1260326 on lipid profile parameters in patients with AIS, and to evaluate the association of these SNPs with the risk of AIS. In a case-control study, a total of 148 subjects were screened for GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The lipid profile was determined based on serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. The frequencies of the minor rs780094T allele and the minor rs1260326T allele were significantly lower in AIS patients compared to controls. The rs780094TT genotype and the rs1260326TT genotype were associated with decreased risk of AIS compared to wildtype carriers. In conclusion, this is the first study implying that decreased risk of AIS in rs780094 and rs1260326 homozygous minor allele carriers is not caused by dyslipidemia, but possibly by the lack of coagulation factor glycosylation.
Integration of miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA profiles in liver tissue from EpCAM knockout mice
Authors: Lei Zili , Lei Yuting , Chen Guibin , Liu Shaomin , Liu Wanwan , Huang Li , Yang Lanxiang , Wu Huijuan , Yang Yanhong
Published: January 2022

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is highly expressed in the liver during development and diseases. However, its role in the development and pathology of liver remains to be explored. The liver tissues of EpCAM-/- and wildtype (WT) mice at P0 stage were used for RNA sequencing. The differently expressed miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs were selected and confirmed by qPCR. The expression of metabolism-related gene SET domain bifurcated 2 (Setdb2) was significantly increased in the liver of EpCAM-/- mice; the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the liver were also markedly decreased in EpCAM-/- mice. The microRNA (miRNA)-long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mRNA regulatory networks indicated that EpCAM may play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism of the liver during development and in disease. The comprehensive miRNA, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the developing liver of EpCAM-/- mice established here might help to elucidate functions and mechanisms of EpCAM during development and in diseases of the liver.
Root resorption in relation to a modified piezocision technique
Authors: Arana Juliana Gómez , Rey Diego , Ríos Héctor , Álvarez María Antonia , Cevidanes Lucia , Ruellas Antonio C. , Aristizábal Juan Fernando
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To evaluate root resorption of lower incisors and canines quantitatively in a group of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with piezocision and/or a collagen reinforcement technique with a fully resorbable three-dimensional (3D) collagen xenograft matrix compared with a control group.

Materials and Methods

The study sample of this secondary analysis consisted of 32 periodontally healthy patients with angle Class I malocclusion or mild Class II or III malocclusion and moderate irregularity index scores who underwent orthodontic treatment and had before (T0) and after treatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography scans. Root resorption of lower incisors and canines was assessed quantitatively in the following four groups: the control group received orthodontic treatment without piezocision, experimental group 1 received orthodontic treatment with piezocision, experimental group 2 received orthodontic treatment with piezocision and a 3D collagen matrix, and experimental group 3 received orthodontic treatment with a 3D collagen matrix.

Results

An overall statistically significant decrease in root length from T0 to T1 for all groups was observed (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference among the groups in the amount of root length decrease from T0 to T1.

Conclusions

Orthodontic treatment combined with piezocision does not increase the risk of root resorption of lower incisors and canines when compared with orthodontic treatment without acceleration techniques. More studies with larger samples should be undertaken to confirm these results.
Beliefs Around Hypoglycemia and Their Impacts on Hypoglycemia Outcomes in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes and High Risks for Hypoglycemia Despite Using Advanced Diabetes Technologies
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Richardson Caroline R. , Dobrin Iulia , DeJonckheere Melissa J. , Mizokami-Stout Kara , Fetters Michael D. , Aikens James E. , Fisher Simon J. , Ye Wen , Pop-Busui Rodica
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to 1) identify the frequency of severe and level 2 hypoglycemia presenting in individuals with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs), including those with concomitant closed-loop insulin pumps, in a clinical practice setting and 2) evaluate the impact of beliefs around hypoglycemia in the development of severe and level 2 hypoglycemia in this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cross-sectional survey study in adults with type 1 diabetes using CGMs >6 months was conducted at a large tertiary academic center. Participant demographics, 6-month severe hypoglycemia history, hypoglycemia beliefs (with the Attitude to Awareness of Hypoglycemia questionnaire), and 4-week CGM glucose data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the presentation of severe and level 2 hypoglycemia and identify associated risk factors.

RESULTS

A total of 289 participants were recruited (including 257 participants with CGM data within the last 3 months). Of these, 25.6% experienced at least one severe hypoglycemic episode in the last 6 months, and 13.6% presented with ≥1% of time in level 2 hypoglycemia on CGMs. Reporting beliefs about prioritizing hyperglycemia avoidance was associated with severe hypoglycemia development (P < 0.001), while having beliefs of minimal concerns for hypoglycemia was associated with spending ≥1% of time in level 2 hypoglycemia (P = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the use of advanced diabetes technologies, severe and level 2 hypoglycemia continues to occur in individuals with type 1 diabetes and high hypoglycemia risks. Human factors, including beliefs around hypoglycemia, may continue to impact the effectiveness of glucose self-management.
Association of Baseline HbA1c With Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes: Analyses From DECLARE-TIMI 58
Authors: Cahn Avivit , Wiviott Stephen D. , Mosenzon Ofri , Goodrich Erica L. , Murphy Sabina A. , Yanuv Ilan , Rozenberg Aliza , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P.H. , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid A.M. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Sabatine Marc S. , Raz Itamar
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Current guidelines recommend prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors to patients with type 2 diabetes and established or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), irrespective of HbA1c levels. We studied the association of HbA1c with cardiovascular and renal outcomes and whether the benefit of dapagliflozin varies by baseline HbA1c.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events trial (DECLARE-TIMI 58), 17,160 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to dapagliflozin or placebo for a median follow-up of 4.2 years. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes by baseline HbA1c in the overall population and with dapagliflozin versus placebo in HbA1c subgroups were studied by Cox regression models.

RESULTS

In the overall population, higher baseline HbA1c was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF); major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke; and cardiorenal outcomes (adjusted hazard ratios 1.12 [95% CI 1.06–1.19], 1.08 [1.04–1.13], and 1.17 [1.11–1.24] per 1% higher level, respectively). Elevated HbA1c was associated with a greater increased risk for MACE and cardiorenal outcomes in patients with multiple risk factors (MRF) than in established ASCVD (P-interaction = 0.0064 and 0.0093, respectively). Compared with placebo, dapagliflozin decreased the risk of cardiovascular death/HHF, HHF, and cardiorenal outcomes, with no heterogeneity by baseline HbA1c (P-interaction > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Higher HbA1c levels were associated with greater cardiovascular and renal risk, particularly in the MRF population, yet the benefits of dapagliflozin were observed in all subgroups irrespective of baseline HbA1c, including patients with HbA1c <7%.
Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence in Adults With Diabetes in the United States: The National Health Interview Survey 2013–2018
Authors: Taha Mohamad B. , Valero-Elizondo Javier , Yahya Tamer , Caraballo César , Khera Rohan , Patel Kershaw V. , Ali Hyeon Ju R. , Sharma Garima , Mossialos Elias , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Nasir Khurram
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Health-related expenditures resulting from diabetes are rising in the U.S. Medication nonadherence is associated with worse health outcomes among adults with diabetes. We sought to examine the extent of reported cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN) in individuals with diabetes in the U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied adults age ≥18 years with self-reported diabetes from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (2013–2018), a U.S. nationally representative survey. Adults reporting skipping doses, taking less medication, or delaying filling a prescription to save money in the past year were considered to have experienced CRN. The weighted prevalence of CRN was estimated overall and by age subgroups (<65 and ≥65 years). Logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic characteristics independently associated with CRN.

RESULTS

Of the 20,326 NHIS participants with diabetes, 17.6% (weighted 2.3 million) of those age <65 years reported CRN, compared with 6.9% (weighted 0.7 million) among those age ≥65 years. Financial hardship from medical bills, lack of insurance, low income, high comorbidity burden, and female sex were independently associated with CRN across age groups. Lack of insurance, duration of diabetes, current smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were associated with higher odds of reporting CRN among the nonelderly but not among the elderly. Among the elderly, insulin use significantly increased the odds of reporting CRN (odds ratio 1.51; 95% CI 1.18, 1.92).

CONCLUSIONS

In the U.S., one in six nonelderly and one in 14 elderly adults with diabetes reported CRN. Removing financial barriers to accessing medications may improve medication adherence among these patients, with the potential to improve their outcomes.