bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Lnc’‐ing Wnt in female reproductive cancers: therapeutic potential of long non‐coding RNAs in Wnt signalling
Authors: Ong Mei S , Cai Wanpei , Yuan Yi , Leong Hin C , Tan Tuan Z , Mohammad Asad , You Ming L , Arfuso Frank , Goh Boon C , Warrier Sudha , Sethi Gautam , Tolwinski Nicholas S , Lobie Peter E , Yap Celestial T , Hooi Shing C , Huang Ruby Y , Kumar Alan P
Published: July 2017

Recent discoveries in the non‐coding genome have challenged the original central dogma of molecular biology, as non‐coding RNAs and related processes have been found to be important in regulating gene expression. MicroRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are among those that have gained attention recently in human diseases, including cancer, with the involvement of many more non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) waiting to be discovered. ncRNAs are a group of ribonucleic acids transcribed from regions of the human genome, which do not become translated into proteins, despite having essential roles in cellular physiology. Deregulation of ncRNA expression and function has been observed in cancer pathogenesis. Recently, the roles of a group of ncRNA known as lncRNA have gained attention in cancer, with increasing reports of their oncogenic involvement. Female reproductive cancers remain a leading cause of death in the female population, accounting for almost a third of all female cancer deaths in 2016. The Wnt signalling pathway is one of the most important oncogenic signalling pathways which is hyperactivated in cancers, including female reproductive cancers. The extension of ncRNA research into their mechanistic roles in human cancers has also led to novel reported roles of ncRNAs in the Wnt pathway and Wnt‐mediated oncogenesis. This review aims to provide a critical summary of the respective roles and cellular functions of Wnt‐associated lncRNAs in female reproductive cancers and explores the potential of circulating cell‐free lncRNAs as diagnostic markers and lncRNAs as therapeutic targets.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Taking culture seriously: Can we improve the developmental health and well‐being of Australian Aboriginal children in out‐of‐home care?
Authors: Raman S. , Ruston S. , Irwin S. , Tran P. , Hotton P. , Thorne S.
Published: July 2017

Background

Children in out‐of‐home care have well‐documented health and developmental needs. Research suggests that Aboriginal children in care have unmet health and intervention needs. In metropolitan Sydney, Kari Aboriginal Resources Inc. (KARI), an Aboriginal organization, provides support to indigenous children in care, including clinical assessment and intervention. We wanted to determine the health and developmental needs of a subset of children in out‐of‐home care with KARI, who had been in stable care for at least a year. We wanted to identify child, carer, and intervention characteristics that contributed to children doing well. We also wanted to identify enablers and barriers to providing culturally competent intervention.

Methods

We used mixed methods. From the KARI clinic database over the past 3 years, we identified children who had been in stable care with KARI for >12 months. We compared clinical measures and outcomes for these children with results from previous audits. We carried out a group discussion and key informant interviews with therapists and caseworkers to identify risk and resilience factors for each child, as well as enablers and barriers to culturally competent intervention.

Results

The health and developmental profile of the 26 children identified as being in stable care was similar to that of previous audits. Most (88%) were getting speech pathology intervention; one third were getting occupational therapy and psychological intervention; most children and their carers attended cultural programmes. The majority of children (25/26) improved in their developmental health. Caseworkers and therapists identified risk and resilience factors related to child, carer, and home characteristics. They also identified elements of good practice; systemic issues prevented some interventions from being carried out.

Conclusions

There are challenges delivering a trauma‐informed, culturally respectful service to Aboriginal children in out‐of‐home care in an urban setting, but it can be done if attention is paid to culture and the enablers and barriers are identified.
Parent‐child interactions and children with cerebral palsy: An exploratory study investigating emotional availability, functional ability, and parent distress
Authors: Barfoot J. , Meredith P. , Ziviani J. , Whittingham K.
Published: July 2017

Background

Emotionally available parent–child relationships are supportive of child health and development. When a child has cerebral palsy, a range of child and parent factors can potentially impact the parent–child relationship; however, little research has specifically addressed this question. The aim of this study is to investigate links between parent–child emotional availability and both child functional abilities and parent distress in a sample of parents and children with cerebral palsy.

Methods

Twenty‐three mothers (mean age 37.3+/−5.7 years) and their children (mean age 4.9+/−3.3 years) with cerebral palsy completed a 20 min videoed parent–child interaction, scored using the Emotional Availability Scales. Parents also completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Correlational analyses were conducted, and qualitative observations were made.

Results

Parent–child dyads in which the parent reported depressive symptoms scored poorer on all aspects of parent–child emotional availability. Where parents reported experiencing anxiety or stress, increased parent hostility and decreased child responsiveness was found. There was no relationship between child functional abilities and either parent distress or parent–child emotional availability. Parent sensitivity, structuring, and nonintrusiveness were negatively associated with child peer problems. Both child responsiveness and child involvement were negatively associated with hyperactivity/inattention. Observations of video footage suggested that parent implementation of therapy strategies impacted negatively on parent–child emotional availability for some dyads.

Conclusion

Findings from this study are consistent with the wider literature showing a link between parental depression and the parent–child relationship and extend this link to the cerebral palsy population. The importance of routine screening for parental mental health problems in early childhood intervention is highlighted by these findings. In addition, this study emphasizes the need to better understand how therapists support parents to implement therapeutic strategies to minimize negative impact on the developing parent–child relationship.
Moving an Evidence‐Based Parenting Program Into the Community
Authors: Roben Caroline K.P. , Dozier Mary , Caron EB , Bernard Kristin
Published: July 2017

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC) is a parenting program developed to enhance sensitivity among parents of infants who experience early adversity. In several randomized clinical trials, the intervention's efficacy has been demonstrated. Moving interventions into the community with adequate fidelity is challenging, though, and intervention effects are often much smaller than when tested in randomized clinical trials. To enhance the likelihood that ABC is delivered with high fidelity, a microanalytic fidelity assessment was developed. Using this fidelity tool as a central component of training, supervision, and certification, changes in parent sensitivity for 108 families with children ages 6 months to 2 years were as large as those seen in laboratory settings. These findings are discussed with regard to implications for moving other evidence‐based interventions into the community.
Helicobacter pylori and gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis versus Alzheimer's disease: 10 pitfalls of microbiome studies
Authors: Park Ah‐Mee , Omura Seiichi , Fujita Mitsugu , Sato Fumitaka , Tsunoda Ikuo
Published: July 2017

Alteration of microbiota has been associated with intestinal, inflammatory and neurological diseases. An abundance of “good bacteria,” such as Bifidobacterium, or their products has been generally believed to be beneficial for any diseases, whereas “bad bacteria,” such as pathogenic Helicobacter pylori, are assumed to be always detrimental for hosts. However, this is not the case when we compare and contrast the association of the gut microbiota with two neurological diseases, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. After H. pylori infection, pro‐inflammatory T helper (Th)1 and Th17 immune responses are initially induced to eradicate bacteria. However, H. pylori evades the host immune response by inducing Th2 cells and regulatory T cells that produce anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10. Suppression of anti‐bacterial Th1/Th17 cells by regulatory T cells might enhance gastric H. pylori propagation, followed by a cascade reaction involving vitamin B12 and folic acid malabsorption, plasma homocysteine elevation, and reactive oxygen species induction. This can damage the blood‐brain barrier, leading to accumulation of amyloid‐β in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, this suppression of pro‐inflammatory Th1/Th17 responses to H. pylori has protective effects on the hosts, as it prevents uncontrolled gastritis as well as suppresses the induction of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells, which can mediate neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. The above scenario might explain why chronic H. pylori infection is positively associated with Alzheimer's disease, whereas it is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis. Finally, we list “10 pitfalls of microbiota studies,” which will be useful for evaluating and designing clinical and experimental microbiota studies.
Alveolar bone resorption after primary tooth loss has a negative impact on straightforward implant installation in patients with agenesis of the lower second premolar
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Bertl Michael H. , Heimel Patrick , Burt Maria , Gahleitner André , Stavropoulos Andreas , Ulm Christian
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To compare the alveolar bone dimensions in patients with lower second premolar (P2) agenesis prior to and after primary molar loss on CT scans, and assess the possibility for straightforward implant placement.

Methods

Alveolar bone dimensions were evaluated on 150 mandibular CT scans in three groups: (i) agenesis of P2, with the primary tooth in situ, and regularly erupted first premolar (P1) and molar (M1) (AW); (ii) agenesis of P2, without the primary tooth in situ for ≥3 m, but regularly erupted P1 and M1 (AWO); and (iii) P1, P2, and M1 regularly erupted (CTR). The possibility of straightforward placement of an implant 3.5 or 4.3 mm in Ø × 10 mm long was digitally simulated and compared to the actually performed treatment.

Results

Buccolingual width (7.3 ± 2.0 mm) at the coronal aspect of the ridge in the AWO group was statistically significantly smaller comparing with both the AW (9.2 ± 1.4 mm) and the CTR (9.5 ± 1.1 mm) group; width reduction appeared to be mainly due to “collapse” of the buccal aspect of the ridge. Simulated straightforward placement of implants with a diameter of 3.5 or 4.3 mm was possible in 62% and 56% of the cases in the AWO vs. 86% and 84% in the AW group (p = .006 and .002, respectively). Straightforward implant placement was actually possible in all patients (22) in the AW group, while 28% (11 of 39) of the patients in the AWO group needed additional hard tissue augmentation.

Conclusions

Significant dimensional differences exist in the alveolar ridge, especially in the coronal part, at lower P2 agenesis sites missing the primary tooth for ≥3 m, when compared to P2 agenesis sites with the primary tooth in situ. It seems thus reasonable to advise that the primary second molar should be kept as long as possible, in order to facilitate straightforward implant installation and reduce the probability of additional bone augmentation procedures.
A call to action towards an evidence‐based approach to using verbal encouragement during maximal exercise testing
Authors: Midgley Adrian W. , Marchant David C. , Levy Andrew R.
Published: July 2017

By definition, maximal exercise testing inherently requires participants to give a maximal effort. This is an important practical issue as submaximal efforts can produce invalid test results. Verbal encouragement is commonly used to motivate participants to maintain or increase effort investment during maximal exercise testing. Accordingly, studies have reported significant increases in time to exhaustion of between 8% and 18% during VO2max and multistage shuttle run tests, and a significant 30·5 m mean increase in 6‐min walk test distance. Significant improvements during shorter tests, such as the Wingate and 2‐min walk tests, have not been observed however. Although participants typically perceive verbal encouragement positively during maximal exercise testing, around one‐third have neutral or negative perceptions. Despite the ubiquity and importance of verbal encouragement during maximal exercise testing, surprisingly little research has investigated the characteristics of effective encouragement with respect to its content, timing and frequency. The only randomized controlled trial to investigate one of these issues observed that verbal encouragement delivered every 20 s increased time to exhaustion during VO2 max testing, but not every 60 or 180 s. Of particular concern is that several exercise testing guidelines have incorporated specific guidelines for the use of verbal encouragement, but not provided any theoretical or empirical justification, presumably because of the limited research to inform practice. Recent empirical research does provide some important insight into participant preference for the content and timing of verbal encouragement during maximal exercise testing; however, much more research is clearly required to establish comprehensive evidence‐based guidelines.
Endometrial cytopathology. An image analysis approach using the Ki‐67 biomarker
Authors: Apostolou G. , Apostolou N. , Moulos P. , Chatzipantelis P.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To investigate the different identity and biological behaviour of endometrial benign epithelial and endometrial adenocarcinoma cell categories.

Methods

For this study, the imprint smears from three groups, 10 cases of disordered proliferative/benign hyperplastic endometrium, 21 cases of low‐grade and eight cases of high‐grade endometrial adenocarcinoma, were examined using image analysis and the Ki‐67 biomarker. The plastic stem cell model was also applied.

Results

Among the examined groups, the nuclear area major axis ranged statistically different in the digitally measured Ki‐67 positive endometrial epithelial and adenocarcinoma cells (P<.0001). Moreover, higher values of the cycling nuclear area major axis were observed in high‐grade, as compared with the low‐grade endometrial adenocarcinomas (P<.0001) and the cases of disordered/benign hyperplastic endometrium (P<.0001). Additionally, a Ki‐67 increase pathway was observed in the benign endometrial lesions, and a relatively stable pathway was noticed in low‐ and high‐grade endometrial adenocarcinomas.

Conclusions

The different range of the nuclear area major axis among cycling endometrial epithelial and adenocarcinoma cells may correlate with their specific identity and biological behaviour. The different values of the cycling nuclear area major dimension may also be connected with the biological behaviour of the three examined groups. Moreover, the endometrial epithelial cells may follow a Ki‐67 increase pathway, instead of the relatively stable pathway which the rapidly proliferating adenocarcinoma cells may use. Finally, the studied cell categories may exhibit different biology, because their stem cells may reside in different states of stemness.
Does sensitivity to arousal improve the prognostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials in newborn infants?
Authors: Dachy Bernard
Published: July 2017

This commentary is on the original article by Lori et al. on pages 959–964 of this issue.
Does developmental regression in autism spectrum disorder have biological origins?
Authors: Parr Jeremy R
Published: July 2017

This commentary is on the original article by Scott et al. on pages 947–951 of this issue.
Three‐dimensional echocardiography for predicting postoperative ventricular volumes after surgical ventricular reconstruction of left ventricular aneurysm: A case‐based presentation
Authors: Politi María Teresa , Vivas Martín Federico , Filipini Eduardo , Chillik Iván , Riznyk Laura Mariana , Avegliano Gustavo , Ronderos Ricardo
Published: July 2017

Three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) may have a role in predicting final left ventricular volumes and clinical response after the surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) of left ventricular aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. Left ventricle final volumes can be calculated through “virtual aneurysmectomy.” We present a patient with a huge ventricular dilation combined with myocardial dissection, localized wall rupture, and aneurysm of the left ventricular apex after acute myocardial infarction in which accurate predictions from 3DTTE suggest potential clinical value.
Grade I diastolic dysfunction and elevated left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure: Mitral Doppler inflow, pulmonary vein atrial reversal, and the M‐mode mitral B‐bump
Authors: Kerut Edmund K. , McIlwain Elizabeth , Nishimura Rick A.
Published: July 2017

Grade I diastolic dysfunction (DD) is generally associated with a normal mean left atrial pressure (LAP) and normal left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP). The first hemodynamic alteration seen in DD, however, is the development of an elevated LVEDP with a persistent normal LAP. This is manifested by echocardiography as a continued mitral pulsed wave (PW) E/A <0.8 (Grade I DD), but with evidence of an elevated LVEDP. Such findings include alterations in PV flow, mitral PW inflow response to Valsalva maneuver, and also the presence of a B‐bump on the mitral M‐mode tracing. When assessing diastolic function, it may be clinically helpful to assess for this early hemodynamic manifestation of DD.
Peirce on Truth as the Predestinate Opinion
Authors: Atkins Richard Kenneth
Published: July 2017

Abstract: In 1878's ‘How to Make Our Ideas Clear’, Peirce states that truth is the predestinate opinion, or that which is fated to be ultimately agreed to by all who investigate. Later in his life, though, he would claim both (i) that truth is what would be believed if we could figure out the right method of inquiry and (ii) that, instead of affirming that truth is the predestinate opinion in 1878, he ought to have affirmed that truth is what would be believed if inquiry were carried sufficiently far. The aim of this paper is to provide an account of why the early Peirce endorses the claim that truth is the predestinate opinion and why the late Peirce is compelled to modify that position. I argue that Peirce's early statement that truth is the predestinate opinion is motivated by his theory that all mental action is of the nature of a valid inference and that the later modification of his view is partly motivated by his rejection of that theory.
Spinoza and Nietzsche on Freedom Empowerment and Affirmation
Authors: Ioan Razvan
Published: July 2017

Against much of the philosophical tradition, Spinoza and Nietzsche defend an understanding of freedom opposed to free will and formulated as an ethical ideal consisting in a transition from a smaller to a greater power of acting. Starting from a shared commitment to necessity and radical immanence, they present freedom as a passage to a greater power of self‐determination and self‐expression of the body. Nevertheless, the continuities between their power ontologies and their respective commitments to a life of knowledge break down in their discussion of the various possible manifestations of power. I will argue that Nietzsche's distinctive formulation of power as struggle between wills to power enables him to formulate the question of the qualitative dimension of empowerment in a way that is foreign to Spinoza's rational determinism. While acknowledging the profound similarities, I will argue that we must see Nietzsche's discussion of affirmation as the culmination of his disagreement with his predecessor on the topic of freedom and empowerment.
Altered life history strategies protect malaria parasites against drugs
Authors: Birget Philip L. G. , Greischar Megan A. , Reece Sarah E. , Mideo Nicole
Published: July 2017

Drug resistance has been reported against all antimalarial drugs, and while parasites can evolve classical resistance mechanisms (e.g., efflux pumps), it is also possible that changes in life history traits could help parasites evade the effects of treatment. The life history of malaria parasites is governed by an intrinsic resource allocation problem: specialized stages are required for transmission, but producing these stages comes at the cost of producing fewer of the forms required for within‐host survival. Drug treatment, by design, alters the probability of within‐host survival, and so should alter the costs and benefits of investing in transmission. Here, we use a within‐host model of malaria infection to predict optimal patterns of investment in transmission in the face of different drug treatment regimes and determine the extent to which alternative patterns of investment can buffer the fitness loss due to drugs. We show that over a range of drug doses, parasites are predicted to adopt “reproductive restraint” (investing more in asexual replication and less in transmission) to maximize fitness. By doing so, parasites recoup some of the fitness loss imposed by drugs, though as may be expected, increasing dose reduces the extent to which altered patterns of transmission investment can benefit parasites. We show that adaptation to drug‐treated infections could result in more virulent infections in untreated hosts. This work emphasizes that in addition to classical resistance mechanisms, drug treatment generates selection for altered parasite life history. Understanding how any shifts in life history will alter the efficacy of drugs, as well as any limitations on such shifts, is important for evaluating and predicting the consequences of drug treatment.
A Community‐Responsive Adaptation to Reach and Engage Latino Families Affected by Maternal Depression
Authors: Valdez Carmen R. , Ramirez Stege Alyssa , Martinez Elizabeth , D'Costa Stephanie , Chavez Thomas
Published: July 2017

As family researchers and practitioners seek to improve the quality and accessibility of mental health services for immigrant families, they have turned to culturally adapted interventions. Although many advancements have been made in adapting interventions for such families, we have yet to understand how the adaptation can ensure that the intervention is reaching families identified to be in greatest need within a local system of care and community. We argue that reaching, engaging, and understanding the needs of families entails a collaborative approach with multiple community partners to ensure that adaptations to intervention content and delivery are responsive to the sociocultural trajectory of families within a community. We describe a cultural adaptation framework that is responsive to the unique opportunities and challenges of identifying and recruiting vulnerable families through community partnerships, and of addressing the needs of families by incorporating multiple community perspectives. Specifically, we apply these principles to the cultural adaptation of an intervention originally developed for low‐income African American and White families facing maternal depression. The new intervention, Fortalezas Familiares (Family Strengths), was targeted to Latino immigrant families whose mothers were in treatment for depression in mental health and primary care clinics. We conclude with key recommendations and directions for how family researchers and practitioners can design the cultural adaptation of interventions to be responsive to the practices, preferences, and needs of underserved communities, including families and service providers.
Short‐term temporal instability in fine‐scale genetic structure of masu salmon
Authors: Kitanishi Shigeru , Ikeda Takayoshi , Yamamoto Toshiaki
Published: July 2017

Identifying spatial extent and temporal patterns of population genetic structure is important for understanding evolutionary relationships among local populations and for designing conservation programmes. However, little attention has been devoted to understand whether genetic structure is temporally stable or unstable, and how genetic characteristics may change over time. The goal of this study was to assess the temporal stability of the genetic structure of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou).

To examine the temporal component of genetic variation in genetic structuring within a river system, we used 810 masu salmon collected from eight tributaries of the Atsuta River, Hokkaido, Japan, over three consecutive years (i.e. 2007–09). We assessed the temporal stability of the genetic structure in 15 microsatellite loci by comparing genetic diversity, effective population size and the relationships between genetic and geographical distances among samples collected from different tributaries and over time.

Significant genetic differences were observed among most of the temporal samples collected from the same tributary, and analysis of molecular variance indicated that the temporal component explained about 10 times more of the genetic variation (1.98%) than did the spatial component (0.18%).

Isolation by distance (IBD) was detected only in 2009. In addition, a significant correlation in population genetic structure was observed between samples collected in 2008 and those in 2009. In 2007, decomposed pairwise regression analysis identified one population as an outlier population and, following exclusion of the outlier sample, IBD was observed in 2007. This population is small and physically isolated by waterfall, in which the effective population size or effective number of breeders would be expected to be small.

We found that fine‐scale genetic structure in masu salmon populations was temporally unstable, due perhaps to genetic drift in small isolated populations, temporal changes in environmental conditions (e.g. drought), and a combination of these factors. This study also highlights that the genetic structure among populations could easily be affected by temporal and/or sampling issues. Studies focused on temporal genetic structuring are likely to be important for conservation of species inhabiting unstable or isolated habitats such as freshwater fish.
Global change and the distributional dynamics of migratory bird populations wintering in Central America
Authors: La Sorte Frank A. , Fink Daniel , Blancher Peter J. , Rodewald Amanda D. , Ruiz‐Gutierrez Viviana , Rosenberg Kenneth V. , Hochachka Wesley M. , Verburg Peter H. , Kelling Steve
Published: July 2017

Understanding the susceptibility of highly mobile taxa such as migratory birds to global change requires information on geographic patterns of occurrence across the annual cycle. Neotropical migrants that breed in North America and winter in Central America occur in high concentrations on their non‐breeding grounds where they spend the majority of the year and where habitat loss has been associated with population declines. Here, we use eBird data to model weekly patterns of abundance and occurrence for 21 forest passerine species that winter in Central America. We estimate species’ distributional dynamics across the annual cycle, which we use to determine how species are currently associated with public protected areas and projected changes in climate and land‐use. The effects of global change on the non‐breeding grounds is characterized by decreasing precipitation, especially during the summer, and the conversion of forest to cropland, grassland, or peri‐urban. The effects of global change on the breeding grounds are characterized by increasing winter precipitation, higher temperatures, and the conversion of forest to peri‐urban. During spring and autumn migration, species are projected to encounter higher temperatures, forests that have been converted to peri‐urban, and increased precipitation during spring migration. Based on current distributional dynamics, susceptibility to global change is characterized by the loss of forested habitats on the non‐breeding grounds, warming temperatures during migration and on the breeding grounds, and declining summer rainfall on the non‐breeding grounds. Public protected areas with low and medium protection status are more prevalent on the non‐breeding grounds, suggesting that management opportunities currently exist to mitigate near‐term non‐breeding habitat losses. These efforts would affect more individuals of more species during a longer period of the annual cycle, which may create additional opportunities for species to respond to changes in habitat or phenology that are likely to develop under climate change.
Factors Driving German Physicians’ Managed Care Participation
Authors: Ehlert Andree , Oberschachtsiek Dirk , Wein Thomas
Published: July 2017

Recent German health care reforms were intended to increase efficiency and quality of medical supply by introducing managed care (MC). Participation of physicians in MC contracts, however, is still limited. This study econometrically identifies factors determining physicians’ MC participation. The data has been obtained from a telephone survey among 500 German physicians. Economic implications of our results regarding future MC development in Germany are discussed.
The possible role of human papillomavirus infection in the development of lichen sclerosus
Authors: Hald Anna K. , Blaakaer Jan
Published: July 2017

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin predominantly affecting the anogenital area that causes pruritus and pain and is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. In some cases, LS vanishes after application of imiquimod, raising the question whether human papillomavirus (HPV) may have an etiopathogenic role in anogenital LS. The databases MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched using the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty‐seven papers were included that reported the prevalence of HPV in LS and in LS associated with neoplasia. HPV was identified in 0–80% (median 22%) of all LS cases. The prevalence of HPV was higher among male patients with LS (median 29%) than among female patients (median 8%). HPV16 was the most prevalent genotype, but the distribution of genotypes indicates that even low‐risk HPV can cause LS. The diverging detection rates are probably due to small sample sizes in the reviewed papers and different detection methods. Factors possibly underestimating the prevalence of HPV are a selective search for high‐risk HPV, DNA destruction in fixed tissue, focally residing HPV, and possibly a clearing of HPV before the time of biopsy. Seventy‐five percent of sexually active people acquire HPV during their lifetime, thus HPV alone is not a cause of LS. Genetic and immunological host factors and viral factors other than type are likely to contribute. Future studies should include patients with a short duration of symptoms, and biopsies should be multiple and fresh.
Study on inactivation mechanisms of Listeria grayi affected by pulse magnetic field via morphological structure, Ca2+ transmembrane transport and proteomic analysis
Authors: Wu Ping , Qu Wenjuan , Abdualrahman Mohammed Adam Yayha , Guo Yiting , Xu Kangkang , Ma Haile
Published: July 2017

The inactivation mechanism of PMF on Listeria grayi (L. grayi) was investigated through the analysis of biological effects as well as the monitoring of morphology, membrane permeability and intracellular proteins of cells. Under the optimal inactivation conditions of PMF (2.5 T and 25 pulses), the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) showed that PMF‐treated cells membranes were damaged, resulting in the increase in intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensities. A significant (P < 0.01) negative correlation between intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensities and the amount of colonies was found. Proteomic analysis showed that the mode‐of‐action of cells outer membrane, the stability of intracellular proteins and the metabolism‐related proteins might be affected by PMF. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that PMF treatment could affect the nitrogen, organic and energy metabolisms of L. grayi, inducing the death of cells finally.
Broccoli seed extracts but not sulforaphane have strong free radical scavenging activities
Authors: Ligen Zou , Yuanfeng Wu , Yuke Shen , Lei Zhang , Mupunga Jothame , Jianwei Mao , Shiwang Liu
Published: July 2017

The abilities of broccoli seed extracts and purified sulforaphane (SF) to scavenge 2,2′‐azinobis [3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonate] (ABTS•+), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and superoxide anions were studied. The free radical scavenging activities of broccoli seed extracts had no exact correlation with SF content, indicating that SF was not the main antioxidant component. The broccoli seed extracts were separated by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography to obtain purified SF, which showed dose‐dependent free radical scavenging activities in the DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays, but its activities were weaker to those of ascorbic acid. The same trend was observed in the chemiluminescence assay. The results showed that broccoli seed extracts had strong free radical scavenging activities that were not attributable to SF.
Individual‐level Foci of Identification at Work: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Atewologun Doyin , Kutzer Roxanne , Doldor Elena , Anderson Deirdre , Sealy Ruth
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a systematic literature review of individual‐level targets (or foci) of identification, that is, the bases by which one derives a sense of self as a unique being in the context of work. We reviewed 253 articles from over 30 top management journals between 2005 and 2016. In examining foci types, definitions, underpinning theoretical and philosophical assumptions, we catalogue nine categories of individual‐level identification foci (manager, leader, follower, team, organization, occupation‐specific, professional, career and work), finding a dominance of functionalist meta‐theoretical orientations (comprising over half the sample, with interpretivist approaches comprising about a third of studies). Further, we enhance construct clarity in the field; we identify conceptual challenges with extant definitions of key foci, and offer integrative definitions by specifying scope conditions for each identity focus and semantic relationships between various identity foci. We contextualize our discussion of construct clarity to different research orientations in the field and offer possibilities for theoretical developments therein. Third, we offer an integrative framework for positioning work in the field by scope of interest (identity content or context) and identity construction assumptions (stable or evolving), suggesting directions for future research.
Metatheories and Metaphors of Organizational Identity: Integrating Social Constructionist, Social Identity, and Social Actor Perspectives within a Social Interactionist Model
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Cornelissen Joep P. , Werner Mirjam D.
Published: July 2017

This review examines three dominant metatheories of organizational identity that are grounded in social constructionist, social identity, and social actor theorizing. It focuses on root metaphors of framing, categorization and personification that are associated with each metatheory and outlines differences in their assumptions, key constructs, and forms of analysis. The review shows how the emphasis of each root metaphor serves to direct research along a particular path in ways that often lead to a siloing of research knowledge. However, while laying bare the foundations of each metatheory and discussing the nature of the empirical projects by which they are supported, we also seek to draw them more closely together. In particular, we do this by elaborating an integrative social interactionist model in which organizational identity is understood to be the product of recursive interaction between bottom‐up and top‐down processes of identity consensualization and contestation.
Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescent angiography‐assisted modified superior gluteal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of sacral pressure sores
Authors: Chang Chun‐Kai , Wu Chien‐Ju , Chen Chun‐Yu , Wang Chi‐Yu , Chu Tzi‐Shiang , Hsu Kuo‐Feng , Chiu Han‐Ting , Liu Hung‐Hui , Chou Chang‐Yi , Wang Chih‐Hsin , Lin Chin‐Ta , Dai Niann‐Tzyy , Tzeng Yuan‐Sheng
Published: July 2017

Pressure sores are often observed in patients who are bedridden. They can be a severe problem not only for patients and their caregivers but also for plastic surgeons. Here, we describe a new method of superior gluteal artery perforator flap harvesting and anchoring with the assistance of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescent angiography. In this report, we describe the procedure and outcomes for 19 patients with grades III and IV sacral pressure sores who underwent the operation between September 2015 and November 2016. All flaps survived, and two experienced wound‐edge partial dehiscence. With the assistance of this imaging device, we were able to acquire a reliable superior gluteal artery perforator flap and perform modified operations with it that are safe, easy to learn and associated with fewer complications than are traditional.
Independent association between age and circadian systolic blood pressure patterns in adults with hypertension
Authors: Deng Ming , Chen Da‐Wei , Dong Yi‐Fei , Lu Peng , Zhan Bi‐Ming , Xu Jian‐Qing , Ji Xi‐Xin , Li Ping , Cheng Xiao‐Shu
Published: July 2017

Previous studies indicate a preliminary association between age and circadian blood pressure (BP) variation. This association would be affected by confounding factors in real‐world populations. The authors investigated whether this is a convincingly independent association in a real‐world population of adults with hypertension. Clinical data and findings of 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring were obtained from 297 consecutive adults with hypertension (60.19±0.77 years). BP dipping patterns were categorized based on the percentage of nocturnal BP drop. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified an independent correlation between age and percentage of nocturnal systolic BPdrop (β=−7.296; 95% CI, −10.430 to −4.162 [P<.001]). Reverse dippers were the oldest and extreme dippers were the youngest. A significant age difference was noted among patients grouped into four BP dipping patterns with and without adjustments for sex, body mass index, drugs, diabetes mellitus, smoking, 24‐hour mean heart rate, and 24‐hour mean systolic and diastolic BP.
Pituitary–thyroid axis development during the larval–juvenile transition in the pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis
Authors: Chalde T. , Miranda L. A.
Published: July 2017

The morphological development of the thyroid gland of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis during larval–juvenile transition was studied and related to whole‐body concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and tri‐iodothyronine (T3). A complementary (c)DNA fragment of the thyroid‐stimulating hormone β‐subunit (tshb) was sequenced and transcript levels quantified during this period. Follicles with eosinophilic and T4‐immunoreactive colloids were detected at hatching together with tshb transcript levels and whole‐body concentrations of T4 and T3 hormones. Thyroid follicles were located in the subpharyngeal region associated with the ventral aorta below the hyoid bone. Follicle structure switched from the rounded form at hatching to oval in juveniles. Significant increase of follicle number per larva, mean colloidal area and total colloidal area was observed throughout development with maximum values at the end of the larval–juvenile transition. A significant decrease of tshb expression together with a significant increase in T4 and T3 whole‐body concentrations was observed prior to achieving the juvenile phenotype. These results are in accordance with a negative feedback regulation of tshb expression by thyroid hormones and a possible association between thyroid hormone levels and the acceleration of metabolic processes necessary to complete metamorphosis.
Comparative development in Moenkhausia pittieri and Paracheirodon innesi (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with comments on heterochrony and miniaturization in the Characidae
Authors: Ferreira Marinho M. M.
Published: July 2017

Developmental heterochronies between the small‐sized Moenkhausia pittieri and the miniature Paracheirodon innesi were determined by describing and comparing external morphological development in both species. Despite being classified as miniature, P. innesi was larger and more developed in the flexion and post‐flexion larval stages than M. pittieri. Broader patterns within the Characidae suggest that body size reduction in P. innesi is tied to accelerated development and higher growth rate along with early maturation and precocious cessation of growth, which are characteristic of miniature species. Comments on adipose‐fin loss in Characidae as a consequence of developmental truncation are included.
Tai Chi for Risk of Falls. A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Lomas‐Vega Rafael , Obrero‐Gaitán Esteban , Molina‐Ortega Francisco J. , Del‐Pino‐Casado Rafael
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To analyze the effectiveness of tai chi for falls prevention.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Setting

Pubmed, Scopus, CINHAL, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched to May 26, 2016.

Participants

Older adult population and at‐risk adults.

Intervention

Randomized controlled trials analyzing the effect of tai chi versus other treatments on risk of falls.

Measurements

The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for falls incidence and hazard ratio (HR) for time to first fall.

Results

The search strategy identified 891 potentially eligible studies, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. There was high‐quality evidence of a medium protective effect for fall incidence over the short term (IRR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.70) and a small protective effect over the long term (IRR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.77, 0.98). Regarding injurious falls, we found very low‐quality evidence of a medium protective effect over the short term (IRR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.74) and a small effect over the long term (IRR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.95). There was no effect on time to first fall, with moderate quality of evidence (HR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.69, 1.37).

Conclusion

In at‐risk adults and older adults, tai chi practice may reduce the rate of falls and injury‐related falls over the short term (<12 months) by approximately 43% and 50%, respectively. Tai chi practice may not influence time to first fall in these populations. Due to the low quality of evidence, more studies investigating the effects of tai chi on injurious falls and time to first fall are required.
What is the Economic Cost of the Investment Home Bias?
Authors: LEVY HAIM
Published: July 2017

Overinvesting domestically is well known as an investment home bias (IHB). We define an economic home bias (EHB), whereby the IHB measures the investment weights and the EHB measures the economic cost induced by the IHB. We may have a large IHB and a negligible EHB. With the increase in the average correlation between foreign markets from 0.4 for the decade ending in 1988 to about 0.9 for more recent decades, the U.S. EHB is becoming negligible despite the domestic investment of 77.5%. Since 2009, the correlations have decreased, indicating that the HB puzzle is emerging once again.
Nowcasting U.S. Headline and Core Inflation
Authors: KNOTEK EDWARD S. , ZAMAN SAEED
Published: July 2017

Forecasting future inflation and nowcasting contemporaneous inflation are difficult. We propose a new and parsimonious model for nowcasting headline and core inflation in the U.S. consumer price index and price index for personal consumption expenditures that relies on relatively few variables. The model's nowcasting accuracy improves as information accumulates over a month or quarter, outperforming statistical benchmarks. In real‐time comparisons, the model's headline inflation nowcasts substantially outperform those from the Blue Chip consensus and the Survey of Professional Forecasters. Across all four inflation measures, the model's nowcasting accuracy is comparable to that of the Federal Reserve Board's Greenbook.
Short‐Term Corporate Debt around the World
Authors: SORGE MARCO , ZHANG CHENDI , KOUFOPOULOS KOSTAS
Published: July 2017

Short‐term corporate debt as a proportion of total debt issued by public firms varies greatly across countries, between 28% in the United States and 78% in China. This paper argues that the interaction between information asymmetry and legal protection of creditors is an important determinant of debt maturity. When short‐term debt plays a dual role as signaling and commitment devices, a reduction in information asymmetry has a larger impact on debt maturity when creditor rights are weaker. We find empirical support for this prediction using firm‐level data from 45 countries around the world.
Consumer Attitudes and Their Forecasting Power for Consumer Spending
Authors: BARNES MICHELLE L. , OLIVEI GIOVANNI P.
Published: July 2017

The University of Michigan's Surveys of Consumers is summarized with principal components of consumer attitudes with respect to income and wealth, prices, and interest rates and credit availability. These summary measures contain information beyond that captured by the Index of Consumer Sentiment. The summary measures have forecasting power for aggregate consumption behavior, even when controlling for economic fundamentals. These measures also help to improve significantly upon Survey of Professional Forecasters, Blue Chip Consensus, and Federal Reserve Board's forecasts of consumption and other real activity measures, consistent with their predictive ability conditioned upon a broader set of fundamentals and forecasters’ judgment.
A Reexamination of Credit Rationing in the Stiglitz and Weiss Model
Authors: SU XUNHUA , ZHANG LI
Published: July 2017

We reexamine Stiglitz and Weiss (1981) credit rationing by simultaneously considering adverse selection and moral hazard. If returns of the projects are ranked by first‐order stochastic dominance, neither adverse selection nor moral hazard exists. If the projects have equalized expected returns, moral hazard does not exist, and credit rationing due to adverse selection occurs under extreme conditions. If the projects are ranked by second‐order stochastic dominance (SSD), adverse selection and moral hazard may coexist, logically restoring credit rationing, but SSD imposes strict limitations on lenders’ ability to classify borrowers. In general, our results do not support significance of credit rationing.