bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time visualization of the gastrointestinal tract during nasogastric tube placement: Pilot study of new video-Assisted system
Authors: Lo Yi-Ning , Kang Jui-Wen , Hsieh Chih-Cheng , Chen Chiung-Zuei , Yang Kai-Chun , Tsai Wei-Chu , Chiang Hsueh-Chien , Chen Chien-Cheng , Shih I-Cheng , Chen Po-Jun , Yang Er-Hsiang , Kuo Hsin-Yu , Chen Chiung-Yu , Chen Chen-Ju , Chuang Chiao-Hsiung
Published: December 2024

Nasogastric (NG) tubes are commonly inserted blindly, leading to complications. Existing NG tube placement-assisting systems face safety and cost-effectiveness issues. This study aimed to evaluate a new assisting system using a camera probe inserted into the NG tube to provide real-time visualization.

Thirty patients requiring nasogastric tube placement were prospectively included. The primary objective was to determine the success rate of NG tube placement, while the secondary objectives included assessment of usability and safety of this system.

Our findings revealed a high success rate of 96.7%. Median time to complete NG tube placement was 3.8 minutes. No serious complications were observed during the 7-day follow-up period. Operator feedback indicated this system helps facilitate NG tube placement, identify the gastric mucosa and safety landmark, and ease of camera wire removal. However, image visibility received a slightly lower score due to gastrointestinal secretions entering the NG tube through the side hole. To address this, air insufflation was used to enhance visibility in 13 patients.

The video-assisted system provides real-time visualization of the gastrointestinal tract during tube insertion and has been shown to enhance the safety and effectiveness of NG tube placement.
Anomalous temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of 2H-NbSe2 single crystals intercalated with TCNQ
Authors: Balla D. D. , Mamalui A. A. , Obolenskii M. A. , Starodub V. A. , Chashka Kh. B.
Published: December 2024

The electrical resistivity of 2H-NbSe2 intercalated with TCNQ, as a function of temperature, is found to exhibit a maximum in the temperature region 240−250°K, when (Rint/Rpure)293 > 16. In the temperature region 78−200°K, the experimental results may be described by the relationship ρ ∼ lnT.
Self-consistent calculation of the isotherms of solid argon
Authors: Zubov V. I.
Published: December 2024

The isotherms and thermodynamic properties of solid argon are calculated quasi-classically up to the solid–vapor and solid–liquid coexistence curves using an improved unsymmetrized self-consistent field approach for strongly anharmonic crystals, in the temperature interval 40 to 200°K. Strongly fourth-order anharmonicity is considered in a zeroth approximation. Anharmonicity of fifth and sixth order is included by thermodynamic perturbation theory. A first quantum correction is calculated. The multiparameter pair potentials of Baker and co-workers and the Lennard–Jones potential are used in the calculation. The results are compared with available experimental data. The Lennard–Jones potential yields a somewhat poorer agreement than that resulting from the Barker–Bobetic and Barker–Fisher–Watts potentials. However a choice between the latter two will require more precise measurements of the elastic moduli at high pressures and of the thermal expansion coefficient near the melting curve, as well as consideration of the role of vacancies. The thermodynamic properties calculated for solid argon along several isotherms are presented in tables.
Lattice defects in single-crystal nickel deformed at 4.2°K
Authors: Kozinets V. V. , Ogneva É. M. , Khotkevich V. I.
Published: December 2024

The kinetics of defect formation in a single crystal of nickel have been investigated at 4.2°K using the parameters of deformation and resistance measurements. A size effect of dislocation pile-up has been observed in the easy slip stage and the multiplication coefficient for the process has been evaluated. A sudden slowing of defect formation is observed in the intermediate stage of work hardening.
The linguistic construal of extreme behaviour
Authors: Vilar-Lluch Sara
Published: December 2024

Teaching and family communities usually have an active role in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in childhood. Examining the construal of hyperactivity-impulsivity in teaching guidelines and online parental exchanges can elucidate common lay understandings of the trait. The study considers transitivity, with a focus on Relational and Behavioural clauses, lexical metaphors and appraisals. The linguistic descriptions have a potential to assist medical specialists in interpreting evidence presented by teaching and family communities in the complex task of diagnosing ADHD, facilitating communication and explaining the strategies used to avoid potentially stigmatising descriptions. The analysis supports the suitability of distinguishing Behavioural processes in transitivity and traces a parallelism between the metaphorical descriptions of extreme behaviour and those traditionally reported for strong emotions.
The text of the Bayeux Tapestry
Authors: Banks David
Published: December 2024

The Bayeux Tapestry, which strictly speaking is not a tapestry at all but a piece of embroidery, was produced in the late 11th century, probably commissioned by Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William the Conqueror’s half-brother. Its objective is to support William’s invasion and conquest of England. It can thus be seen as a piece of 11th century propaganda. It tells the story of Harold’s oath to support William’s claims to the English crown, his subsequent acceptance of the crown himself, followed by William’s invasion of England and Harold’s death at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The images in the Tapestry are accompanied by a text in Latin. This paper analyses the transitivity of those clauses in this text where Harold and William occur. This shows how both of these protagonists are represented through the transitivity selections of the text. While both occur as Actor to the same extent, Harold functions as Affected much more frequently than William (including ultimately, getting killed!). In addition, William functions as Sayer more frequently than Harold, and usually with verbs that indicate his authority. Thus William is painted as an effective, authoritative ruler. Thus the text of the tapestry underlines the power of William following his conquest and enhances the empowerment which success in battle bestowed on him.
Contrastive feature hierarchies and Germanic phonology
Authors: Dresher B. Elan
Published: December 2024

I discuss an analysis of changes in the Scandinavian runic alphabet, or futhark, by Jørgen Rischel (1966). Rischel’s article accounts for some puzzling changes in the futhark by employing
contrastive feature hierarchies represented as branching trees. Feature hierarchies can be traced back to the work of Roman
Jakobson and his colleagues. They enjoyed a brief period of prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, but then disappeared from
mainstream phonological theory. However, they were employed in a number of interesting studies of Germanic and other languages
whose insights we can still profit from today. The goal of this paper is to bring attention to this largely forgotten approach to
phonological analysis, and to spell out the principles that underlie it.
Impact of voltage variation on topography, hydrophobicity, and corrosion behavior of the CeO2-TiO2 nanocomposite coating on AM60B Mg alloy prepared by plasma electrolyte oxidation
Authors: Safari Afsaneh , Mozammel Mahdi , Emarati Seyed Masoud , Khalil-Allafi Jafar , Hosseini Milad
Published: December 2024

A superhydrophobic oxide layer on AM60B magnesium alloy was created by using a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique and subsequent surface modification. PEO was applied in an electrolyte with/without CeO2-TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) by two different voltages of 350 and 450 V. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to evaluate the roughness and morphology of the surface. Water contact angles on the surface were measured to investigate the surface wettability. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were used to assess the corrosion resistance of the coating. Also, the FE-SEM images showed that increasing applied voltage, decreases the numbers and size of the pores on the surface. Results showed that applying PEO, increased the corrosion resistance of the bare AM60B because corrosion rate (C.R.) decreased from 1.523805 (bare AM60B) to 1.432107 mpy (PEO-450 V). Furthermore, using CeO2-TiO2 NPs effectively enhanced the corrosion resistance of the bare AM60B by decreasing the corrosion rate from 1.523805 to 1.286469 mpy.
On the Size of the Singular Set of Minimizing Harmonic Maps
Authors: Mazowiecka Katarzyna , Miśkiewicz Michał , Schikorra Armin
Published: December 2024

We consider minimizing harmonic maps

u
u

from

Ω
⊂

R

n

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n

into a closed Riemannian manifold

N

\mathcal {N}

and prove: 1. an extension to

n
≥
4

n \geq 4

of Almgren and Lieb’s linear law. That is, if the fundamental group of the target manifold

N

\mathcal {N}

is finite, we have
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper H Superscript n minus 3 Baseline left-parenthesis s i n g u right-parenthesis less-than-or-equal-to upper C integral Underscript partial-differential normal upper Omega Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue nabla Subscript upper T Baseline u EndAbsoluteValue Superscript n minus 1 Baseline normal d script upper H Superscript n minus 1 Baseline semicolon">

H

n
−
3

(
sing
⁡
u
)
≤
C

∫

∂
Ω

|

∇
T

u

|

n
−
1

d

H

n
−
1

;

\mathcal {H}^{n-3}(\operatorname {sing} u) \le C \int _{\partial \Omega } |\nabla _T u|^{n-1} \,\mathrm {d}\mathcal {H}^{n-1};

\]
2. an extension of Hardt and Lin’s stability theorem. Namely, assuming that the target manifold is

N

=

S

2

\mathcal {N}=\mathbb {S}^2

we obtain that the singular set of

u
u

is stable under small

W

1
,
n
−
1

W^{1,n-1}

-perturbations of the boundary data. In dimension

n
=
3

n=3

both results are shown to hold with weaker hypotheses, i.e., only assuming that the trace of our map lies in the fractional space

W

s
,
p

W^{s,p}

with

s
∈
(

1
2

,
1
]

s \in (\frac {1}{2},1]

and

p
∈
[
2
,
∞
)

p \in [2,\infty )

satisfying

s
p
≥
2

sp \geq 2

. We also discuss sharpness.
Vallée Poussin sums of rational Fourier–Chebyshev integral operators and approximations of the Markov function
Authors: Potseiko P. G. , Rovba E.
Published: December 2024

Rational approximations of the Markov function on the segment

[
−
1
,
1
]

[-1,1]

are studied. The Vallée Poussin sums of rational integral Fourier–Chebyshev operators as an approximation apparatus with a fixed number of geometrically distinct poles are chosen. For the constructed rational approximation method, integral representations of approximations and upper estimates of uniform approximations are established.

For the Markov function with a measure whose derivative is a function that has a power-law singularity on the segment

[
−
1
,
1
]

[-1, 1]

, upper estimates of pointwise and uniform approximations and an asymptotic expression of a majorant of uniform approximations are found. The values of the parameters of the approximating function are determined at which the best uniform rational approximations are provided by this method. It is shown that in this case they have a higher rate of decrease in comparison with the corresponding polynomial analogs.

As a corollary, rational approximations on a segment by Vallée Poussin sums of some elementary functions representable by a Markov function are considered.
Barriers and Facilitators to Older Adults’ Acceptance of Camera-Based Active and Assisted Living Technologies: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tham Natalie An Qi , Brady Anne-Marie , Ziefle Martina , Dinsmore John
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Camera-based active and assisted living (AAL) technologies are an eminent solution to population aging but are frequently rejected by older adults. The factors that influence older adults’ acceptance of these technologies remain poorly understood, which may account for their lagging diffusion. This scoping review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies, with a view to facilitating their development and widespread dissemination.

Research Design and Methods

MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, and gray literature databases were searched from inception to June 2024. Publications that reported data on barriers and facilitators to the acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies among community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above were eligible. Barriers and facilitators were extracted and mapped to the theoretical domains framework, thematically clustered, and narratively summarized.

Results

A total of 28 barriers and 19 facilitators were identified across 50 included studies. Dominant barriers concerned the technology’s privacy-invasive, obtrusive, and stigmatizing qualities. Salient facilitators included the perceived usefulness of, and older adults’ perceived need for, the technology.

Discussion and Implications

Results inform practitioners’ selection of strategies to promote older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies. These efforts should transcend the conventional focus on pragmatics and give credence to psychological, social, and environmental influences on technology acceptance.
Constricting colonic lipoma causing acute intestinal obstruction
Authors: Lodhia Jay , Hussein Atiyya , Mremi Alex
Published: December 2024

Colon lipomas are rare benign, nonepithelial tumors that are often asymptomatic. However, when symptoms do occur, they vary depending on the size and location of the lipoma and are generally nonspecific. Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological analysis. Lipomas smaller than 2.5 cm can typically be observed without intervention, but larger or symptomatic lipomas require resection, which can be performed endoscopically or surgically. This case presents a rare phenomenon of synchronous left colonic lipoma leading to intestinal obstruction. Despite their benign nature, colonic lipomas can sometimes mimic malignant lesions, making histopathological analysis crucial for confirming the diagnosis.
A refractory right cervical mediastinal lymphangioma with medication and insertion of a Denver shunt
Authors: Tatekawa Yukihiro , Tsuzuki Yukihiro , Fukuzato Yoshimitsu
Published: December 2024

The Denver shunt is used for persistent chylothorax as a pleuroperitoneal shunt. Insertion of a Denver shunt was attempted in the current case involving a 3-year-old male with a refractory right cervical mediastinal lymphangioma. He was medicated with Eppikajutsuto® (0.65 g/kg) and underwent a Denver shunt for volume reduction of the cervical cyst to prevent airway obstruction. However, revision surgery for hemorrhage in the lymphangioma revealed that the tip of the shunt catheter had penetrated the cyst wall. The rounded tip of the catheter was placed back into the cyst. Oral administration of sirolimus (1 mg) was added. The Denver shunt was removed due to a catheter infection and administration of sirolimus was temporarily stopped because of an elevated blood concentration. Six months postoperatively from the third operation, neck swelling was negligible and radiologic findings showed complete regression of the lymphangioma.
Prolactinomas
Authors: Kumar Aditi , Turcotte Evelyn L. , Bendok Bernard R.
Published: December 2024

Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary adenomas and the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia. There are several pitfalls in the evaluation of hyperprolactinemia, which should be recognized as they affect management decisions. Medical therapy with dopamine agonists is the first-line treatment for prolactinomas. Transsphenoidal surgery is indicated in cases of intolerance or resistance to dopamine agonist therapy.
Multimodal multiphasic preoperative image-based deep-learning predicts HCC outcomes after curative surgery
Authors: Hui Rex Wan-Hin , Chiu Keith Wan-Hang , Lee I-Cheng , Wang Chenlu , Cheng Ho-Ming , Lu Jianliang , Mao Xianhua , Yu Sarah , Lam Lok-Ka , Mak Lung-Yi , Cheung Tan-To , Chia Nam-Hung , Cheung Chin-Cheung , Kan Wai-Kuen , Wong Tiffany Cho-Lam , Chan Albert Chi-Yan , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Yuen Man-Fung , Yu Philip Leung-Ho , Seto Wai-Kay
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims﻿:

HCC recurrence frequently occurs after curative surgery. Histological microvascular invasion (MVI) predicts recurrence but cannot provide preoperative prognostication, whereas clinical prediction scores have variable performances

Approach and Results:﻿

Recurr-NET, a multimodal multiphasic residual-network random survival forest deep-learning model incorporating preoperative CT and clinical parameters, was developed to predict HCC recurrence. Preoperative triphasic CT scans were retrieved from patients with resected histology-confirmed HCC from 4 centers in Hong Kong (internal cohort). The internal cohort was randomly divided in an 8:2 ratio into training and internal validation. External testing was performed in an independent cohort from Taiwan.

Among 1231 patients (age 62.4y, 83.1% male, 86.8% viral hepatitis, and median follow-up 65.1mo), cumulative HCC recurrence rates at years 2 and 5 were 41.8% and 56.4%, respectively. Recurr-NET achieved excellent accuracy in predicting recurrence from years 1 to 5 (internal cohort AUROC 0.770–0.857; external AUROC 0.758–0.798), significantly outperforming MVI (internal AUROC 0.518–0.590; external AUROC 0.557–0.615) and multiple clinical risk scores (ERASL-PRE, ERASL-POST, DFT, and Shim scores) (internal AUROC 0.523–0.587, external AUROC: 0.524–0.620), respectively (all p < 0.001). Recurr-NET was superior to MVI in stratifying recurrence risks at year 2 (internal: 72.5% vs. 50.0% in MVI; external: 65.3% vs. 46.6% in MVI) and year 5 (internal: 86.4% vs. 62.5% in MVI; external: 81.4% vs. 63.8% in MVI) (all p < 0.001). Recurr-NET was also superior to MVI in stratifying liver-related and all-cause mortality (all p < 0.001). The performance of Recurr-NET remained robust in subgroup analyses.

Conclusions:

Recurr-NET accurately predicted HCC recurrence, outperforming MVI and clinical prediction scores, highlighting its potential in preoperative prognostication.
Can Exposure Therapy Be Effective for Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms? A Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Design Across 4 Cases
Authors: Hecker Lynn , King Skye , Stapert Sven , Geusgens Chantal , den Hollander Marlies , Fleischeuer Britt , van Heugten Caroline
Published: December 2024

Objective:

After a concussion, some patients develop persistent post-concussion symptoms, which interferes with functioning in daily life. A biopsychosocial explanation for the development and continuation of persistent post-concussion symptoms is the fear avoidance model (FAM). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of an individual 14-week exposure therapy for patients with persistent symptoms after concussion.

Participants:

Four participants from a medical psychology outpatient clinic participated in the study. Their age ranged between 51 and 68 years old (M = 62.8, SD = 7). The average length of time since the concussion was 10 months.

Design:

A single-case experimental design (SCED) with nonconcurrent multiple baselines was used. Participants were randomly assigned to a baseline period (A phase) length between 21 and 42 days. The intervention phase (B phase) consisted of 14 treatment sessions in 14 weeks. The follow-up phase was 12 weeks.

Main Measures:

Participants answered questions on a visual analogue scale about their satisfaction with functioning in daily life, avoidance behavior, and symptoms experience on a daily basis during baseline and on a weekly basis during intervention and follow-up. Additional outcomes included symptom severity, catastrophizing, quality of life, participation, avoidance behavior, and feasibility interviews.

Results:

Tau-U yielded significant effects (P < .05) on all measures when comparing intervention and follow-up with the baseline in 3 out of 4 participants. Satisfaction with daily life increased and avoidance behavior and post-concussion symptoms experienced decreased. Participants and therapists rated the intervention protocol with an average of 8.8 out of 10.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that exposure therapy seems effective and feasible in treating patients with persistent symptoms after concussion in a clinical setting. Larger randomized controlled trials or replication with SCED studies are advised to obtain additional evidence on the effectiveness of exposure for individuals with persistent symptoms after concussion.
Recruitment Strategies and Obstacles During the Zoster Eye Disease Study
Authors: Sherman Mark D. , Asbell Penny , Warner David , Mian Shahzad I. , Cohen Elisabeth , Lee Ting-Fang , Gillespie Colleen , Jimenez Carlos Lopez , Baratz Keith H. , Jeng Bennie
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to identify successful recruitment strategies and obstacles reported by principal investigators (PIs) of the Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS).

Methods:

A web-based survey was created by a subset of ZEDS PIs and distributed to ZEDS PIs after study enrollment was closed. The survey queried investigators about recruitment strategies and obstacles, use of prophylactic oral antiviral medication, electronic medical records, telemedicine, COVID-19 effect, turnover of research staff, and recruitment outreach to minority and underserved populations. The survey allowed objective measures and free-text options. Analysis from centers with higher enrollment was compared with centers with lower enrollment to identify successful strategies and common obstacles.

Results:

The most frequently cited helpful strategies were participation from ophthalmologists within the PI's institution (33/63, 52%), ophthalmology resident referrals (23/63, 37%), and chart review (23/63, 37%). Travel to participating clinical center (42/63, 67%) and ongoing prophylactic use of oral systemic antiviral medication (39/63, 62%) were common obstacles. Research coordinator turnover was identified as a contributor to reduced recruitment success by 49% (31/63) of PIs and made recruitment much harder for 22% (14/63). A small number of investigators used telemedicine (18/63, 29%) and few made efforts to recruit from minority and underserved populations (10/63, 16%).

Conclusions:

Our survey highlights the importance of internal ophthalmologist referral, chart review, and research coordinator commitment for successful clinical trial recruitment. We discuss the impact of prophylactic use of oral antiviral medication on recruitment. Future randomized clinical trials should mobilize the helpful recruitment strategies and improve outreach to underserved populations.
mHealth for Women with Pregnancies with Fetal Anomalies
Authors: Butler Mary , McArthur Erin C.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this review is to investigate the current landscape of evidence-based mHealth resources designed to support pregnant patients with fetal anomalies, with a focus on enhancing maternal wellbeing, disseminating relevant information, and facilitating communication with nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals.

Study Design:

Using the JBI (formerly known as the Joanna Briggs Institute) scoping review protocol and the PRISMA-ScR framework, we conducted a comprehensive search across databases including CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Methods:

A keyword search was conducted, resulting in 227 unique records. Articles discussing mobile apps for pregnancies with a fetal diagnosis or fetal risk for anomaly were included, including hospital-affiliated or telehealth apps that were adapted for use with this specific population.

Results:

Ten articles were selected for inclusion. Our analysis identified several predominant themes. The surge of mHealth, influenced in part by the COVID-19 pandemic, has provided critical access to care for pregnant patients with fetal anomalies through mobile platforms. Comprehensive resource tools integrating informational components via mHealth are needed to offer flexibility to patients as well as nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals. Adopting a patient-driven approach in developing mHealth resources is important in meeting the needs of patients, their families, and their health care team.

Clinical Implications:

A framework for the development and implementation of high-fidelity mHealth resources tailored to this vulnerable population is needed. Emphasizing a patient-centered approach in the creation of mHealth resources is paramount to ensuring their effectiveness and usefulness for pregnant women experiencing fetal anomalies, their families, and the perinatal health care team.
Validation Study of a Nursing Education and Competency Tool
Authors: Coughlin Vincenza , Geraghty Gail , Zavotsky Kathleen Evanovich , Nash Alice , Bass Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Distinguishing competency and education in clinical healthcare education is complex. The NYU Langone Health Nursing Education and Competency Algorithm (NE-CA) was developed as a tool for competency identification and sustainment. A mixed-methods design national research study was employed to evaluate the validity of the NE-CA. Findings of the study support the utilization of the NE-CA tool by expert clinical nurse educators, professional nurses, and organizations in structures and processes guiding competency in clinical education.
Development of the Association for Nursing Professional Development Casey–Fink Nurses in Professional Development Transition Experience Survey
Authors: Casey Kathy , Mernin Mandi , Harper Mary G. , MacDonald Ryan , Fink Regina M.
Published: December 2024

Nurses new to the nursing professional development (NPD) specialty often lack clarity on their role responsibilities and expectations. Given the lack of published instruments, the purpose of this two-phase study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a survey to measure NPD practitioners' transition experience. The resultant reliable and valid instrument can be used to measure the role transition of novice NPD practitioners and better support them in their professional role development.
Are Nurse Residents Ready for Evidence-Based Practice?
Authors: Salmela Lynn M. , Dyer Ellen L. , Bird Anna M. , Schiller Debra A.
Published: December 2024

A nursing professional development practitioner and clinical nurse specialists developed a curriculum, including supportive materials to complete evidence-based practice projects, as part of a new nurse residency program. Residents were guided through the evidence-based practice process. Challenges uncovered during the implementation phase suggested a need to reevaluate resident readiness. These findings emphasize the need for educators to consider skill level and experiences of incoming residents, timing, resources, and mentorship availability while planning evidence-based practice curriculum.
Behavioral Health Education, Awareness, and Response Development (BeHEARD)
Authors: Smith Emily , Madsen Lisa , Swanson Carley , Leichter Jeffrey , Preussler Rich
Published: December 2024

An increased need to support behavioral health concerns such as anxiety and depression was identified in both healthcare employees and patients. To address this gap, a multistate Midwestern healthcare system developed a course to provide education and training on behavioral health for employees in clinical and nonclinical roles. Over 650 participants have attended the course. Participants reported an improved confidence in supporting adults struggling with behavioral health concerns.
Matching Preceptors to New Grad Nurses for the Purpose of New Nurse Graduate Residency Programs; Not Exactly a Dating App
Authors: Sallemi Marianna
Published: December 2024

Attributes of successful relationships, personal and professional, closely echo those of a successful preceptorship. Applications, or “apps,” are responsible for one third of today's relationships; they have been hugely successful in making personal relationships viable. This article explores the possibility of using existing algorithms of dating-style apps to match preceptors to preceptees. Staff development educators can greatly benefit from an innovative application by having a pool of qualified and dedicated preceptors and mentors at their fingertips.
An Accelerated Evidence-Based Nursing Orientation
Authors: McLellan Mary C. , Giangregorio Maeve , Homoki Adam , Rogan Mary Lou , DeGray Christine , Donovan Christine , Connor Jean A. , Hurtig Michelle
Published: December 2024

The Hybrid Instructor Preceptor Model is a novel, accelerated, evidence-based nursing orientation model. The Hybrid Instructor Preceptor Model uses instructor and preceptor phases, which standardize foundational content, approach skills acquisition, and increase clinical experiences for a new hire. A pediatric acute cardiac care unit successfully onboarded 30 nurses in 10 months using the Hybrid model.
Dissect mitochondrial activity by transcriptome data with mitology R package
Authors: Pirrotta Stefania , Bonora Massimo , Calura Enrica
Published: December 2024

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play crucial roles in energy transformation, biosynthesis, and cellular signaling. They actively process biological information, detecting and reacting to both internal and external stimuli. Through intricate physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms within cellular networks, mitochondria integrate diverse inputs and generate signals that finely adjust cellular functions and overall physiology. As a result, the phenotypic expressions of impaired mitochondrial function can exhibit high variability. High-throughput transcriptomic data can capture these changes, but traditional pathway analyses performed on common databases often struggle to specifically detect mitochondrial alterations. This is primarily due to the size of pathways, where the mitochondrial component is typically a small portion of the examined signaling network. To allow a specific exploration of mitochondrial activity through transcriptomic profiles, we developed the mitology R package. We started with a collection of genes whose proteins localize in to the mitochondria, derived from specialized databases like MitoCarta, IMPI, MSeqDR, and from the Gene Ontology database (genes annotated with terms related to ‘mitochondri-’ in their description). Then, exploiting the mitochondrial gene list, mitology provides ready-to-use implementations of MitoCarta pathways and also a reorganization of general pathway databases, like Reactome and Gene Ontology, with a specific focus on the pathways related to mitochondria activity. Finally, mitology utilizes these mitochondria-focused pathways to conduct mitochondrial pathway analyses, enabling single-sample assessments. Furthermore, we extended the functionality of our package to accommodate classical gene expression data, as well as the newest techniques of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. Mitology emerges as a novel R package adept at dissecting and unraveling mitochondrial activity, serving as an instrument for conducting targeted mitochondrial studies.
Modulating activity of the APC/C regulator SISAMBA improves the sugar and antioxidant content of tomato fruits
Authors: de Oliveira Perla Novais , de Souza Leonardo Perez , Ferreira Pedro Boscariol , Mauxion Jean Phillippe , Correa da Silva Luis Felipe , Chang Ana Isabela , Saleme Marina de Lyra Soriano , Selma García Sara , De Beukelaer Herman , Martins Marina C. M. , Pino Lilian Ellen , Bollier Norbert , Peres Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira , Vandepoele Klaas , Goossens Alain , Gonzalez Nathalie , Fernie Alisdair R. , Eloy Nubia Barbosa
Published: December 2024

The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a crucial role in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of key cell cycle regulators, which is completed by 26S proteasome. Previously, SAMBA, a plant-specific regulator of the APC/C, was identified in Arabidopsis as a critical factor controlling organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation. Here, by assessing its role in the crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we confirm that SAMBA is a conserved APC/C regulator in plants. Twoslsambagenome-edited lines were characterized showing delayed growth, reduced plant size and altered fruit morphology, which were linked to changes in cell division and expansion. Notably, untargeted metabolomics revealed altered flavonoid profiles, along with elevated Brix values in the fruits, indicating a sweeter taste. Accordingly, transcriptomics uncovered a change in temporal gene expression gradients during early fruit development, correlating with the alterations in sugar metabolism and revealing changes in cell wall biosynthesis genes. This study provides the first evidence ofSAMBA’srole in regulating fruit development, metabolic content, and, ultimately, quality. These important findings offer potential applications for improving the nutritional quality and overall performance of tomato.
Removal of epicuticular wax has no effect on the rate of cuticular wax deposition, which is constant in mature cherry laurel leaves
Authors: Janová Jitka , Kalistová Tereza , Kubásek Jiří
Published: December 2024

The plant cuticle, multifunctional hydrophobic air-to-plant boundary, vary dramatically among plant species and responds dynamically to environmental and biotic factors. These dynamics, certainly driven by cost-benefit selection, are poorly understood up to now.

13C labelling and compound-specific isotope analysis open a new avenue to study the cuticle dynamics. We studied side specific leaf cuticular wax regeneration, in different compounds, and separately for intra-(IW) and epicuticular wax (EW), as well as the effect of epicuticular wax removal on the regeneration rate.

Mature leaves that reached the final area before the start of the experiment deposited new IW at first, but quickly equilibrated with EW. Removal of EW accelerated this equilibration but not the net rate of new wax deposition. The n-alkanes had the fastest turnover. Pentacyclic triterpenoids (ursolic acid) had a surprisingly slow turnover due to the large pool but also slow deposition rate. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces exhibited small but consistent differences.

We demonstrated for the first time that EW removal does not affect wax deposition rate in evergreen leaf cuticle. We also confirmed that collodion discriminates between EW and IW well and does not inhibit future leaf metabolism and wax deposition in our species.
Isolation and characterization of microbiota from human pancreatic tumors and small intestine
Authors: Awad Dominik , Attebury Holly , Hong Ryan , Kim Kwi , Zhang Li , Bischoff Allison , deDekker Aaron , Hoostal Matthew , Nieto Carrion Joseph A. , Nelson Noah S. , Strayhorn Chris , Frankel Timothy , di Magliano Marina Pasca , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Schmidt Thomas M. , Daley Donnele
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a unique tumor microbiome and the systemic depletion of bacteria or fungi using antibiotic/antifungal cocktails leads to a decrease in pancreatic tumor burden in mice. However, functional studies remain rare due to the limited availability of clinically relevant microbiota. Here, we describe in detail the isolation of bacteria and fungi from the small intestine and tumor of pancreatic cancer patients at the Rogel Cancer Center. We then further characterized the impact of a newly isolatedKlebsiella oxytocastrain (UMKO1) on the pancreatic tumor microenvironment using bacterial genome sequencing, untargeted and targeted metabolomics, as well as anex vivotumor transplant system. We found thatUMKO1possesses a gene for the long form of cytidine deaminase, which can inactivate the standard PDAC chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. In addition, we found thatUMKO1can produce several indoles when grown in tumor-like conditions, metabolites that can lead to an immune suppressive environment and interfere with therapy outcome. To test this in detail, we assessed changes in immune populations in pancreatic tumor explants upon exposure to the supernatant ofUMKO1and other isolated bacteria grown in tumor Interstitial fluid media (TIFM). We found that while none of the bacterial supernatants changed the abundance of CD8 T cells, granzyme B positive CD8 T cells were the lowest in tumor explants exposed toUMKO1, and not other isolatedKlebsiellaspecies or the non-pathogenic laboratory strainE. coli K12. In summary, the isolated collection of bacteria and fungi from this study are a valuable toolbox to study the impact of microbiota on pancreatic cancer.
Development of the Tool for Advancing Practice Performance, a practice-level survey to assess primary care structures and processes
Authors: Kwok Lorraine , Paul Margaret M. , Albert Stephanie L. , Harel Daphna , Blecker Saul B. , Weiner Bryan J. , Damschroder Laura J. , Cohen Deborah J. , Nguyen Ann M. , Shelley Donna R. , Berry Carolyn A.
Published: December 2024

Despite progress to define primary care practice transformation models, there remains gaps in translating evidence-based guidelines into routine clinical care. Primary care providers (MD, DO, NP, PA) and researchers need tools to assess modifiable factors that improve practice performance to inform practice transformation efforts. We aimed to develop a pragmatic tool for assessing practice-level primary care structures and processes that are associated with better care quality and clinical outcomes. We generated 314 candidate items for the Tool for Advancing Practice Performance (TAPP) using data from a comprehensive literature review, Delphi study, and qualitative interviews with high-performing practices. We used empirical criteria and expert review to eliminate redundancy and improve clarity via removing and retaining items. The retained items were formatted into a survey tool, and we further revised the tool based on feedback elicited from cognitive interviews and pilot testing with primary care providers and staff. The final candidate pool comprised 126 items after refinement and expert review. For the survey tool, we adapted and developed survey questions for each of the 126 items. Eight cognitive interview participants reviewed the tool and provided feedback on its content and language. Based on this feedback, we eliminated 13 items because they were poorly or incorrectly understood by participants, resulting in a 113-item tool. Fifteen participants pilot tested the tool and no additional items were eliminated. The TAPP is a novel, low-burden tool that researchers and primary care providers can use to identify areas for improvement at the practice-level. Practices and health systems could use the TAPP to assess their own performance and identify gaps in their structures and processes, and practice networks and health systems can use the tool to assess structures and processes at individual clinics, track this information over time, and evaluate its relationship to care quality and clinical outcomes.
Functional composition of subsoil microbial communities changes with oak mortality
Authors: Goodman Anna C. , Walker Ernest N. , Bogar Glade D. , Bogar Laura M.
Published: December 2024

Tree mortality in oak savannas is increasing under climate change, but its impact on microbial communities and soil carbon below the top 20 centimeters is relatively unknown. Deep tree roots, their ectomycorrhizal fungi, and associated bacteria may have a particularly important effect on landscape carbon storage, as they mediate the transfer of recently fixed plant carbon into deep soil and subsoil layers. To investigate how tree mortality impacts microbes and soil carbon, we sampled under living and recently deadQuercus douglasiitrees in a California oak savanna, gathering depth-resolved soil cores to 45 cm below the surface. We captured finely resolved biological detail on these soil samples, comparing living (RNA-based) to potential and historical (DNA-based) microbial communities and assessing microbial biomass with phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Tree mortality greatly reduced the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly in subsoils. Fungal niches were more variable at depth under dead trees than under living ones, and RNA-based profiling captured substantially different communities than DNA, especially under living trees. However, tree mortality three years prior to our study did not impact the overall quantity of carbon stored in the soil. Tree mortality can have profound effects on the interactions between tree roots, mycorrhizal fungi, and soil bacteria, which may shift soil carbon dynamics over long time scales. Understanding the mechanisms of these interactions, and their time scales, will improve our ability to predict and manage soil carbon in savanna landscapes as drought and heat events kill more oaks in arid climates.

Highlights

Ribosomal RNA, from living cells, revealed different communities than from DNA.

Microbial functions changed more with depth and tree health than taxonomy.

Differences were most extreme below 20 cm depth.

Microbial population distributions changed under living and dead trees.

Total microbial biomass and carbon were similar beneath living and dead trees.
Tackling the Complexity of Spatial Transcriptomics Data Interpretation with Large Language Models
Authors: Khan Taushif , Farley Colleen M. , Wilson John J. , Chang Chih-Hao , Chaussabel Damien
Published: December 2024

Spatial transcriptomics offers unprecedented insights into the complex cellular landscapes of tissues, particularly in cancer research where understanding the tumor microenvironment is crucial. However, interpreting the vast and intricate data generated by this technology remains a significant challenge. This study explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in the analysis and interpretation of spatial transcriptomic data from a murine melanoma tumor model. We first evaluated the performance of multiple LLM models in describing and quantifying spatial gene expression patterns. Our benchmarking revealed that spatial transcriptomics data interpretation proved challenging for most models, with only a few demonstrating sufficient capability for this complex task. Using Claude 3.5 Sonnet, which showed the highest accuracy in spot quantification and pattern recognition, we developed a systematic workflow for analyzing the tumor immune landscape. The model first assisted in identifying and prioritizing panels of M1 and M2 macrophage-associated markers through knowledge-driven scoring. It then demonstrated remarkable ability to integrate spatial expression data with extensive immunological knowledge, providing sophisticated interpretation of local immune organization. When analyzing individual tumor regions, the model identified coordinated immunosuppressive mechanisms including metabolic barriers and disrupted pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, findings that both aligned with and extended current understanding of tumor immunology. This study highlights the potential of LLMs as powerful assistive tools in spatial transcriptomics analysis, capable of combining advanced pattern recognition with extensive knowledge integration to enhance data interpretation. While significant development work remains to make such workflows scalable, our proof of concept demonstrates that LLMs can help accelerate the translation of spatial transcriptomics data into biological insights.
RCVT: a novel diagnostic to quantify compositional biases among taxa for phylogenomics
Authors: Steenwyk Jacob L , Buida Thomas J.
Published: December 2024

Phylogenomics aims to reconstruct the history of genes and genomes. However, noise or error during inference can stem from diverse sources, such as compositional biases. Here, we introduce RCVT (RelativeCompositionVariability amongTaxa), a novel metric to quantify compositional biases among taxa. We demonstrate the utility of RCVT using example data and quantify compositional biases in 16 empirical phylogenomic datasets, revealing variation in biases across datasets and taxa therein. RCVT may help researchers diagnose and potentially ameliorate phylogenomic noise associated with compositional biases.
P4ward: an automated modelling platform for Protac ternary complexes
Authors: Jofily Paula , Kalyaanamoorthy Subha
Published: December 2024

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (Protacs) are a new class of drugs which promote degradation of a protein of interest (POI) by hijacking the Ubiquitin-Proteasome system. Struc tural knowledge of an E3 ligase: Protac:POI ternary complex is required for Protac rational design, and computational modelling of such heteromeric complex structures is nontrivial. To date, few programs have been developed to address this challenge, however, there remains a need for readily accessible tools that can significantly improve ternary complex modelling accuracy. Particularly, programs that can also support the screening phase of Protac discovery, where speed and the ability to test multiple Protacs is essential to advance the field of Protac therapeutics. To bridge these gaps, we present P4ward, a free and fully automated Protac ternary complex modelling pipeline. P4ward achieves a hit-rate of 76.5% with an average rank of 7.26, and substantially reduces the rank of the near-native pose by 73-98% compared to earlier programs. We believe that P4ward could be a user-friendly, fast, and effective tool for gaining atomistic insights necessary for Protac modelling and optimization.
Viral mimicry redirects immunosuppressed colorectal tumour landscapes towards a proinflammatory and CMS1-like regenerative state
Authors: Corry Shania M , Sakhnevych Svetlana , Mohamed Noha Ehssan , Malla Sudhir B , Byrne Ryan , Young Andrew , Amirkhah Raheleh , Bull Courtney , Lees Andrea , Redmond Keara , Lannagan Tamsin , Ridgway Rachel , Taggart Fiona R , Fisher Natalie C , Maughan Tim , Lawler Mark , Campbell Andrew , Leedham Simon J , Ryan Aideen E , Longley Dan B , Small Donna , Sansom Owen J , Dunne Philip D
Published: December 2024

In colorectal cancer (CRC), tumours classifier as consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) have the worst prognosis and derive negligible benefit from chemotherapy. We previously described how repressed interferon-related signalling is associated with increased relapse in CMS4 tumours. Although the viral mimetic poly(I:C) can reduce liver metastasisin vivo, the initial phenotypic changes that underpin its anti-metastatic response remain poorly described, particularly in the immunosuppressed CMS4 tumour microenvironment.

Here we characterise lineage-specific anti-metastatic responses induced by poly(I:C), including acute macrophage polarisation and a novel CMS1-like regenerative stem cell state, which drive pro-inflammatory microenvironmental changes in CRC. These insights enabled the development of tractable biomarkers that identify an “immune-warm” patient subset most likely to respond to poly(I:C), enriched for mismatch-repair proficient (pMMR), anti-inflammatory macrophages and CMS4-like features. The viral mimetic poly(I:C) offers a tailored treatment option for CMS4 tumours, by reprogramming stem cell states and activation of an innate-adaptive anti-metastatic response.