bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method for direct kinematics solution of fully parallel manipulators using basic regions theory
Authors: Kamali K , Akbarzadeh A
Published: July 2011

Model-based controllers potentially offer a higher positioning accuracy for robotic systems. The direct kinematics solution is an essential part of these controllers. However, the direct kinematics problem for parallel manipulators is usually very complicated and in general does not have a closed-form solution. This problem usually leads to multiple solutions. When a control application or dynamics simulation is considered, only one of the solutions is acceptable. Although there are some numerical methods that obtain all possible solutions, specifying the one acceptable solution among them is still a challenging problem. It is shown that the tool space of a parallel manipulator with one inverse kinematic solution can be categorized into special regions called basic regions. In this paper, a new concept for basic regions is proposed that extends the concept to non-cuspidal fully parallel manipulators with multiple inverse and multiple direct kinematics solutions. Then, for general non-cuspidal fully parallel manipulators, a numerical algorithm is proposed that determines the basic region domains in the tool space. Finally, a novel method is proposed which utilizes the basic regions theory to determine which direct kinematics solution is acceptable. The proposed method presents a general solution to the direct kinematics problem of non-cuspidal parallel manipulators in trajectory following. The provided solutions are reliable and can be refined up to an arbitrary accuracy. The proposed method is illustrated using a 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator.
Innovative linear compressor by magnetic drive and control
Authors: Tsai N-C , Chiang C-W
Published: July 2011

A mathematical model for the magnetically levitated linear compressor (MLLC), which consists of a magnetic linear actuator, a pair of active magnetic bearings (AMBs), and a drive rod, has been developed. To prevent any potential wear or collision by the drive rod against conventional bearings, and certainly to reduce noise, the AMB pair is employed to regulate the lateral position deviation of the drive rod. The integral sliding mode control (ISMC) is synthesized to account for displacement-dependent system parameters and input non-linearities for the MLLC system. In addition, the closed-loop stability, under the presence of the reaction force by gas in the chamber, is proven by the Lyapunov direct method. Finally, the efficacy of the ISMC is verified by intensive computer simulations to ensure its superior regulation capability for lateral position deviation on the drive rod, retention of constant stroke of the piston, and counterbalance against the reaction force by gas during the Otto cycle.
Malacia, inflammation and bronchoalveolar lavage culture in children with persistent respiratory symptoms
Authors: De Baets F. , De Schutter I. , Aarts C. , Haerynck F. , Van daele S. , De Wachter E. , Malfroot A. , Schelstraete P.
Published: July 2011

In children with persistent respiratory symptoms despite regular anti-asthma inhalation treatment, diagnostic investigations to exclude underlying disease are warranted.

124 children were prospectively enrolled, and 24-h oesophageal pH measurement and fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed. BAL fluid (BALF) was processed for neutrophil counting and bacterial culture. Inflammation of the respiratory mucosa was assessed.

A structural abnormality of the central airways was found in 47% of subjects (40% females). In 19% of subjects, neither anatomical anomalies nor inflamed respiratory mucosa were observed, whereas in 64%, definite macroscopic mucosal inflammation was observed. Inflammation of the respiratory mucosa was associated with a significantly higher percentage of neutrophils in the BALF: median (interquartile range) 48 (14–82)% compared with 7 (0–16)% (p<0.025). A positive BALF culture was found in 62% of the infants with mucosal inflammation compared with 25% in the group without inflammation (p<0.016). 56% of the BALF samples were positive for bacterial culture.

In children with persistent respiratory symptoms, nearly half have anatomical anomalies of the central airways. In 62% of the children with mucosal inflammation, a positive BAL culture and a significantly higher percentage of BALF neutrophils were detected.
Anti-reflux surgery in lung transplant recipients: outcomes and effects on quality of life
Authors: Robertson A.G.N. , Krishnan A. , Ward C. , Pearson J.P. , Small T. , Corris P.A. , Dark J.H. , Karat D. , Shenfine J. , Griffin S.M.
Published: July 2011

Fundoplication may improve survival after lung transplantation. Little is known about the effects of fundoplication on quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of fundoplication in lung transplant recipients and its effects on quality of life.

Between June 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010, a prospective study of lung transplant recipients undergoing fundoplication was undertaken. Quality of life was assessed before and after surgery. Body mass index (BMI) and pulmonary function were followed up.

16 patients, mean±sdage 38±11.9 yrs, underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. There was no peri-operative mortality or major complications. Mean±sdhospital stay was 2.6±0.9 days. 15 out of 16 patients were satisfied with the results of surgery post fundoplication. There was a significant improvement in reflux symptom index and DeMeester questionnaires and gastrointestinal quality of life index scores at 6 months. Mean BMI decreased significantly after fundoplication (p=0.01). Patients operated on for deteriorating lung function had a statistically significant decrease in the rate of lung function decline after fundoplication (p=0.008).

Laparoscopic fundoplication is safe in selected lung transplant recipients. Patient benefit is suggested by improved symptoms and satisfaction. This procedure is acceptable, improves quality of life and may reduce deterioration of lung function.
Mutation screening of the RNF8, UBC13 and MMS2 genes in Northern Finnish breast cancer families
Authors: Vuorela Mikko , Pylkäs Katri , Winqvist Robert
Published: July 2011

Background

Currently known susceptibility genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 explain less than 25% of familial aggregation of breast cancer, which suggests the involvement of additional susceptibility genes. RNF8, UBC13 and MMS2 are involved in the DNA damage response pathway and play important roles in BRCA1-mediated DNA damage recognition. Based on the evidence that several players in the ubiquitin-mediated BRCA1-dependent DDR seem to contribute to breast cancer predisposition, RNF8, UBC13 and MMS2 were considered plausible candidate genes for susceptibility to breast cancer.

Methods

The entire coding region and splice junctions of RNF8, UBC13 and MMS2 genes were screened for mutations in affected index cases from 123 Northern Finnish breast cancer families by using conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis and direct sequencing.

Results

Mutation analysis revealed several changes in RNF8 and UBC13, whereas no aberrations were observed in MMS2. None of the found sequence changes appeared to associate with breast cancer susceptibility.

Conclusions

The present data suggest that mutations in RNF8, UBC13 and MMS2 genes unlikely make any sizeable contribution to breast cancer predisposition in Northern Finland.
Target-selective joint polymerase chain reaction: A robust and rapid method for high-throughput production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies from single cells
Authors: Yoshioka Megumi , Kurosawa Nobuyuki , Isobe Masaharu
Published: July 2011

Background

During the development of a therapeutic antibody, large numbers of monoclonal antibodies are required to screen for those that are best suited for the desired activity. Although the single cell-based immunoglobulin variable gene cloning technique is a powerful tool, the current methods remain an obstacle to the rapid production of large numbers of recombinant antibodies.

Results

We have developed a novel overlap extension polymerase chain reaction, the target-selective joint polymerase chain reaction (TS-jPCR), and applied it to the generation of linear immunoglobulin gene expression constructs. TS-jPCR is conducted using a PCR-amplified immunoglobulin variable gene and an immunoglobulin gene-selective cassette (Ig-cassette) that contains all essential elements for antibody expression and overlapping areas of immunoglobulin gene-specific homology. The TS-jPCR technique is simple and specific; the 3'-random nucleotide-tailed immunoglobulin variable gene fragment and the Ig-cassette are assembled into a linear immunoglobulin expression construct, even in the presence of nonspecifically amplified DNA. We also developed a robotic magnetic beads handling instrument for single cell-based cDNA synthesis to amplify immunoglobulin variable genes by rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends PCR. Using these methods, we were able to produce recombinant monoclonal antibodies from large numbers of single plasma cells within four days.

Conclusion

Our system reduces the burden of antibody discovery and engineering by rapidly producing large numbers of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in a short period of time.
Chronic administration of palmitoleic acid reduces insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in KK-Ay Mice with genetic type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yang Zhi-Hong , Miyahara Hiroko , Hatanaka Akimasa
Published: July 2011

Background

Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) on reducing muscle insulin resistance and preventing beta-cell apoptosis. However, the effect of palmitoleic acid on diabetes remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the antidiabetic effect of palmitoleic acid in KK-Ay mice, a spontaneous model for studies of obese type 2 diabetes with low insulin sensitivity.

Methods

KK-Ay mice were orally administered vehicle, 300 mg/kg of palmitoleic acid, or 300 mg/kg of palmitic acid (C16:0) on a daily basis for 4 weeks.

Results

Palmitoleic acid reduced body weight increase, ameliorated the development of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and improved insulin sensitivity. In addition, hepatic characteristics were significantly affected, as weight of the liver and hepatic triglyceride levels were lower in the palmitoleic acid group when compared to the control (vehicle and palmitic acid groups). Oil red O staining clearly indicated reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in response to palmitoleic acid. Furthermore, palmitoleic acid down-regulated mRNA expressions of proinflammatory adipocytokine genes (TNFα and resistin) in white adipose tissue and lipogenic genes (SREBP-1, FAS, and SCD-1) in liver.

Conclusions

These results suggest that palmitoleic acid improves hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia by increasing insulin sensitivity, in part owing to suppressing proinflammatory gene expressions and improving hepatic lipid metabolism in diabetic mice.
Low RBM3 protein expression correlates with tumour progression and poor prognosis in malignant melanoma: An analysis of 215 cases from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
Authors: Jonsson Liv , Bergman Julia , Nodin Björn , Manjer Jonas , Pontén Fredrik , Uhlén Mathias , Jirström Karin
Published: July 2011

Background

We have previously reported that expression of the RNA- and DNA-binding protein RBM3 is associated with a good prognosis in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. In this study, the prognostic value of immunohistochemical RBM3 expression was assessed in incident cases of malignant melanoma from a prospective population-based cohort study.

Methods

Until Dec 31st 2008, 264 incident cases of primary invasive melanoma had been registered in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Histopathological and clinical information was obtained for available cases and tissue microarrays (TMAs) constructed from 226 (85.6%) suitable paraffin-embedded tumours and 31 metastases. RBM3 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry on the TMAs and a subset of full-face sections. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparison of RBM3 expression and relevant clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to assess the relationship between RBM3 and recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

RBM3 could be assessed in 215/226 (95.1%) of primary tumours and all metastases. Longitudinal analysis revealed that 16/31 (51.6%) of metastases lacked RBM3 expression, in contrast to the primary tumours in which RBM3 was absent in 3/215 (1.4%) cases and strongly expressed in 120/215 (55.8%) cases. Strong nuclear RBM3 expression in the primary tumour was significantly associated with favourable clinicopathological parameters; i.e. non-ulcerated tumours, lower depth of invasion, lower Clark level, less advanced clinical stage, low mitotic activity and non-nodular histological type, and a prolonged RFS (RR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.27-0.91) and OS (RR = 0.36, 95%CI = 0.20-0.64). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the beneficial prognostic value of RBM3 remained significant for OS (RR = 0.33; 95%CI = 0.18-0.61).

Conclusions

In line with previous in vitro data, we here show that RBM3 is down-regulated in metastatic melanoma and high nuclear RBM3 expression in the primary tumour is an independent marker of a prolonged OS. The potential utility of RBM3 in treatment stratification of patients with melanoma should be pursued in future studies.
Upregulation of cathepsin D in the caudate nucleus of primates with experimental parkinsonism
Authors: Yelamanchili Sowmya V , Chaudhuri Amrita Datta , Flynn Claudia T , Fox Howard S
Published: July 2011

Background

In Parkinson's disease there is progressive loss of dopamine containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuronal damage is not limited to the substantia nigra but progresses to other regions of brain, leading to loss of motor control as well as cognitive abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to examine causes of progressive damage in the caudate nucleus, which plays a major role in motor coordination and cognition, in experimental Parkinson's disease.

Results

Using chronic 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment of rhesus monkeys to model Parkinson's disease, we found a upregulation of Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartic protease, in the caudate nucleus of treated monkeys. Immunofluorescence analysis of caudate nucleus brain tissue showed that the number of lysosomes increased concurrently with the increase in Cathepsin D in neurons. In vitro overexpression of Cathepsin D in a human neuroblastoma cell line led to a significant increase in the number of the lysosomes. Such expression also resulted in extralysosomal Cathepsin D and was accompanied by significant neuronal death associated with caspase activation. We examined apoptotic markers and found a strong correlation of Cathepsin D overexpression to apoptosis.

Conclusions

Following damage to the substantia nigra resulting in experimental Parkinson's disease, we have identified pathological changes in the caudate nucleus, a likely site of changes leading to the progression of disease. Cathepsin D, implicated in pathogenic mechanisms in other disorders, was increased, and our in vitro studies revealed its overexpression leads to cellular damage and death. This work provides important clues to the progression of Parkinson's, and provides a new target for strategies to ameliorate the progression of this disease.
Word selection affects perceptions of synthetic biology
Authors: Pearson Brianna , Snell Sam , Bye-Nagel Kyri , Tonidandel Scott , Heyer Laurie J , Campbell A Malcolm
Published: July 2011

Members of the synthetic biology community have discussed the significance of word selection when describing synthetic biology to the general public. In particular, many leaders proposed the word "create" was laden with negative connotations. We found that word choice and framing does affect public perception of synthetic biology. In a controlled experiment, participants perceived synthetic biology more negatively when "create" was used to describe the field compared to "construct" (p = 0.008). Contrary to popular opinion among synthetic biologists, however, low religiosity individuals were more influenced negatively by the framing manipulation than high religiosity people. Our results suggest that synthetic biologists directly influence public perception of their field through avoidance of the word "create".
Impact of coercive measures on life stories: qualitative
study
Authors: Sibitz Ingrid , Scheutz Alexandra , Lakeman Richard , Schrank Beate , Schaffer Markus , Amering Michaela
Published: July 2011

Background

How people integrate the experience of involuntary hospital admission and
treatment into their life narrative has not been explored
systematically.

Aims

To establish a typology of coercion perspectives and styles of
integration into life stories.

Method

Transcripts of recorded interviews with 15 persons who had previously
been involuntarily admitted to hospital were coded and analysed
thematically using a modified grounded theory approach.

Results

With hindsight, people viewed the experience of involuntary hospital
admission as a ‘necessary emergency brake’, an ‘unnecessary overreaction’
or a ‘practice in need of improvement’. With respect to how they
integrated the experience into their life narratives, participants viewed
it as ‘over and not to be recalled’, a ‘life-changing experience’ or a
‘motivation for political engagement’.

Conclusions

The participants' diverse and differentiated perspectives on coercive
measures and their different styles of integration suggest that people
may come to accept coercive measures as necessary when confronted with
danger to self or others. However, the implementation of coercion needs
to be improved substantially to counteract possible long-term adverse
effects.
Tcf/Lef repressors differentially regulate Shh-Gli target gene activation thresholds to generate progenitor patterning in the developing CNS
Authors: Wang Hui , Lei Qiubo , Oosterveen Tony , Ericson Johan , Matise Michael P.
Published: July 2011

During neural tube development, Shh signaling through Gli transcription factors is necessary to establish five distinct ventral progenitor domains that give rise to unique classes of neurons and glia that arise in specific positions along the dorsoventral axis. These cells are generated from progenitors that display distinct transcription factor gene expression profiles in specific domains in the ventricular zone. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms that control the differential spatiotemporal transcriptional responses of progenitor target genes to graded Shh-Gli signaling remain unclear. The current study demonstrates a role for Tcf/Lef repressor activity in this process. We show that Tcf3 and Tcf7L2 (Tcf4) are required for proper ventral patterning and function by independently regulating two Shh-Gli target genes, Nkx2.2 and Olig2, which are initially induced in a common pool of progenitors that ultimately segregate into unique territories giving rise to distinct progeny. Genetic and functional studies in vivo show that Tcf transcriptional repressors selectively elevate the strength and duration of Gli activity necessary to induce Nkx2.2, but have no effect on Olig2, and thereby contribute to the establishment of their distinct expression domains in cooperation with graded Shh signaling. Together, our data reveal a Shh-Gli-independent transcriptional input that is required to shape the precise spatial and temporal response to extracellular morphogen signaling information during lineage segregation in the CNS.
Total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status after surfactant treatment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Dizdar Evrim Alyamac , Uras Nurdan , Oguz Suna , Erdeve Omer , Sari Fatma Nur , Aydemir Cumhur , Dilmen Ugur
Published: July 2011

Background

Oxidative damage is important in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, data on the effect of surfactant therapy on oxidative stress in vivo are limited. We aimed to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant status in preterm infants with RDS via measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS), to determine the effect of surfactant on oxidant/antioxidant balance and to assess the association between TAC, TOS and clinical outcomes of the patients.

Methods

Sixty-nine infants with RDS were included. Blood samples for determining TAC and TOS were collected before and 48 h after surfactant treatment. TAC and TOS levels were analysed in serum. Patients were followed up until discharge or death.

Results

Post-surfactant TAC levels were significantly higher than pre-surfactant TAC levels ( P = 0.029). TAC/TOS ratio significantly increased after surfactant treatment ( P = 0.018). Infants <28 weeks of gestational age had lower levels of baseline TAC than those ≥28 weeks of gestational age ( P = 0.020), whereas TOS levels were similar. Baseline TAC/TOS ratio was lower in infants who died in the study period than those who survived ( P = 0.023). After controlling gestational age, baseline TAC levels were significantly and inversely correlated with the duration of total respiratory support ( r = −0.343; P = 0.009) and hospitalization ( r = −0.341; P = 0.009). TAC or TOS levels were not associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or other complications as determined during the investigation period.

Conclusions

Oxidant–antioxidant balance shifts in favour of the antioxidant system after surfactant treatment. Lower TAC/TOS ratio in preterm infants may be associated with increased mortality.
Malnutrition is dangerous: The importance of effective nutritional screening and nutritional care
Authors: Brotherton Ailsa , Simmonds Nicola , Bowling Tim , Stroud Mike
Published: July 2011

In July 2010, the Government published the White Paper Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS, which places a strong emphasis on patient safety, sets the long-term vision for the NHS and describes a coherent framework of reform to deliver health care amongst the best in the world. Good nutritional care is a prerequisite of safe care and hence fundamental to the achievement of this vision, especially for vulnerable individuals. This article outlines the prevalence and costs associated with malnutrition * and the impact of malnutrition on patient safety within the context of the current NHS reforms. It concludes with guidance for clinicians and senior managers which, where fully implemented, will facilitate good nutritional care and ensure compliance to nutritional guidelines, standards and legislation including the regulations relating to nutrition as set out in the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2009 and the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009.
Postpartum dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, nephritis and lupus anticoagulant: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Hall Daniel , New David , Kelly Teresa
Published: July 2011

A 32-year-old Caucasian woman presented with shortness of breath four weeks postpartum. She was known to suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus with cutaneous, joint and minor renal involvement. During pregnancy, the patient had developed nephrotic syndrome for which she was managed with prophylactic anticoagulation and corticosteroid therapy. A leg deep vein thrombosis had arisen following caesarean section following antepartum haemorrhage. Examination revealed a heart murmur, and pulmonary signs. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram showed cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusions but no pulmonary embolus. Echocardiogram demonstrated dilated cardiomyopathy. An initial diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy was considered, with lupus myocarditis and coronary in situ thrombosis among the differential diagnoses.
RNA-ligase-dependent biases in miRNA representation in deep-sequenced small RNA cDNA libraries
Authors: Hafner Markus , Renwick Neil , Brown Miguel , Mihailović Aleksandra , Holoch Daniel , Lin Carolina , Pena John T.G. , Nusbaum Jeffrey D. , Morozov Pavel , Ludwig Janos , Ojo Tolulope , Luo Shujun , Schroth Gary , Tuschl Thomas
Published: July 2011

Sequencing of small RNA cDNA libraries is an important tool for the discovery of new RNAs and the analysis of their mutational status as well as expression changes across samples. It requires multiple enzyme-catalyzed steps, including sequential oligonucleotide adapter ligations to the 3′ and 5′ ends of the small RNAs, reverse transcription (RT), and PCR. We assessed biases in representation of miRNAs relative to their input concentration, using a pool of 770 synthetic miRNAs and 45 calibrator oligoribonucleotides, and tested the influence of Rnl1 and two variants of Rnl2, Rnl2(1–249) and Rnl2(1–249)K227Q, for 3′-adapter ligation. The use of the Rnl2 variants for adapter ligations yielded substantially fewer side products compared with Rnl1; however, the benefits of using Rnl2 remained largely obscured by additional biases in the 5′-adapter ligation step; RT and PCR steps did not have a significant impact on read frequencies. Intramolecular secondary structures of miRNA and/or miRNA/3′-adapter products contributed to these biases, which were highly reproducible under defined experimental conditions. We used the synthetic miRNA cocktail to derive correction factors for approximation of the absolute levels of individual miRNAs in biological samples. Finally, we evaluated the influence of 5′-terminal 5-nt barcode extensions for a set of 20 barcoded 3′ adapters and observed similar biases in miRNA read distribution, thereby enabling cost-saving multiplex analysis for large-scale miRNA profiling.
The Comparison of Combination SSRI and PDE-5 Inhibitor Therapy to SSRI Monotherapy in Men with Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Burton Travis D , Liday Cara
Published: July 2011

Objective:

To evaluate whether combination therapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor is superior to SSRI monotherapy in the treatment of premature ejaculation,

Data Sources:

A literature search of MEDLINE (January 1980-April 2011) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (January 1970-April 2011) was conducted using the search terms premature ejaculation, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All English-language human studies assessing the use of a PDE-5 inhibitor and SSRI in the treatment of premature ejaculation were evaluated. Additional references were retrieved from reference citations.

Data Synthesis:

Premature ejaculation is a multi-component disorder with several treatment options. Studies have demonstrated that both SSRIs and PDE-5 inhibitors used as monotherapy can delay time to ejaculation. Four clinical trials have been conducted to compare the efficacy of SSRI monotherapy versus combination SSRI–PDE-5 inhibitor therapy for the treatment of premature ejaculation. All studies focused on the treatments' ability to delay time to ejaculation. A statistically significant delay in time to ejaculation was found in patients using both an SSRI and PDE-5 inhibitor when compared to those on an SSRI alone. Average time to ejaculation was increased by approximately 50-78 seconds in patients using combination therapy when compared to monotherapy. The data also show greater delay in ejaculation with combination therapy in patients previously using SSRI monotherapy but dissatisfied with its effects. Adverse drug reactions including headache and flushing were higher in the combination group.

Conclusions:

Although a modest delay in ejaculation is seen when using an SSRI and PDE-5 inhibitor together, the combination also comes with increased risks for adverse drug reactions and is more expensive. SSRI monotherapy should continue to be first-line treatment for premature ejaculation due to a better adverse drug reaction profile, lower cost, and high efficacy. Combination therapy may be prescribed for those who fail SSRI monotherapy or have concomitant erectile dysfunction.
Organic solar cells using a multilayer structure MoO3/Ag/MoO3 as anode
Authors: Cattin Linda , Nguyen Duc Tuong , Morsli Mustapha , Bernède Jean Christian
Published: July 2011

MoO3/Ag/MoO3 structures have been grown and characterized. It is shown that the transmittance of the films increases when the silver thickness increase from 8 to 10 nm, whereas further increase induces transmittance decrease. The study of the variation of the conductivity vs. Ag thickness shows that the MoO3/Ag/MoO3 structures become highly conductive when the Ag thickness reaches 10 nm. Therefore, the optimum structure is obtained when the silver thickness is 10 nm. These MoO3/Ag/MoO3 structures have been used as anode in glass/anode/CuPc (35 nm)/C60(40 nm)/Alq3 (9 nm)/Al (120 nm) organic solar cells. These anodes permit achievable promising results, even if their efficiencies stay slightly smaller than that achieved with ITO based devices.
A Laboratory Procedure for Measuring High Soil Suction
Authors: Malaya C. , Sreedeep S.
Published: July 2011

Measurement of soil suction is important for geotechnical and geoenvironmental projects involving unsaturated soils. Most of the methodologies developed for measuring soil suction are limited to low range of suction (<1500 kPa). Those methodologies that can measure high suction (>1500 kPa) are costly, time intensive and require skilled person for suction measurement. Therefore, a simple, cost-effective and relatively less time consuming measurement methodology has been proposed in this study for easy and quick measurement of high range of soil suction. The instrument essentially consists of a commercially available relative humidity sensor secured in a fabricated relative humidity box. The total suction for three soils measured using the proposed methodology has been compared with the conventional filter paper method. The study demonstrates the usefulness and advantage of the proposed cost-effective methodology for measuring high range of soil suction, in a relatively less time.
Effects of Testing Procedures on the Laboratory Determination of Swell Pressure of Expansive Soils
Authors: Singhal Sonal , Houston Sandra L. , Houston William N.
Published: July 2011

There is lack of agreement on laboratory procedures that should be used to measure swell pressure. In this study, effects of apparatus compressibility and applied initial net normal stress on measured swell pressure were revisited, with emphasis on undisturbed specimens. Samples covering a wide range of properties were collected from Texas and Arizona, and effects were explored by examination for consistency of trends in behavior for several “companion” sets of undisturbed specimens. Failure to account for apparatus compressibility results in unintended swell of the specimen, reducing the constant volume swell pressure by as much as half for specimens of this study. Applied initial net normal stress level also affects measured swell pressure. For specimens of this study, swell pressures measured at low initial net normal stress (token load) were found to be about 40%, on average, of swell pressures measured for specimens loaded initially equivalent to field overburden stress. This difference is believed to be primarily due to initial specimen compression. Commonly adopted sampling disturbance corrections to constant volume tests conducted at initial light confining stress (∼ 1–7 kPa) were investigated, and found to give inconsistent values of swell pressure. Comparisons of constant volume to load-back swell pressure are also presented. Findings suggest that application of an initial confining stress level corresponding to field conditions and application of apparatus compressibility corrections as the swell pressure develops are key to the consistent measurement of constant volume swell pressure, and that measured swell pressures from constant volume tests, when carefully performed, are more consistent than swell pressures estimated using methods to account for sampling disturbance.
Alternatively spliced androgen receptor variants
Authors: Dehm Scott M , Tindall Donald J
Published: July 2011

Alternative splicing is an important mechanism for increasing functional diversity from a limited set of genes. Deregulation of this process is common in diverse pathologic conditions. The androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid receptor transcription factor with functions critical for normal male development as well as the growth and survival of normal and cancerous prostate tissue. Studies of AR function in androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate cancer (PCa) have demonstrated loss-of-function AR alterations in AIS and gain-of-function AR alterations in PCa. Over the past two decades, AR gene alterations have been identified in various individuals with AIS, which disrupt normal AR splicing patterns and yield dysfunctional AR protein variants. Recently, altered AR splicing patterns have been identified as a mechanism of PCa progression and resistance to androgen depletion therapy. Several studies have described the synthesis of alternatively spliced transcripts encoding truncated AR isoforms that lack the ligand-binding domain, which is the ultimate target of androgen depletion. Many of these truncated AR isoforms function as constitutively active, ligand-independent transcription factors that can support androgen-independent expression of AR target genes, as well as the androgen-independent growth of PCa cells. In this review, we will summarize the various alternatively spliced AR variants that have been discovered, with a focus on their role and origin in the pathologic conditions of AIS and PCa.
The mathematical modelling of corrosion in hot dip galvanized steel reinforced concrete
Authors: Hegyi A. , Vermeşan H. , Rus V.
Published: July 2011

In this paper we wish to present the numerical model elaborated in order to simulate some physical phenomena that influence the general deterioration of steel, whether hot dip galvanized or not, in reinforced concrete. We describe the physical and mathematical models, establishing the corresponding equation system, the initial and boundary conditions. We have also presented the numeric model associated to the mathematical model and the numeric methods of discretization and solution of the differential equations system that describes the mathematical model.
Strengthening strategies using FRP composites for precast RC wall panels with cut-out openings
Authors: Demeter I. , Nagy-Gyögy T. , Stoian V. , Dăescu C. , Dan D.
Published: July 2011

Building structures using Precast Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels (PRCWP) are widely used in Romania. An important disadvantage of these buildings is the functional rigidity of the interior space due to the dense distribution of the load bearing walls. Cut-out openings are often required to facilitate direct access from outside or between adjacent apartments. This paper presents a part of research program regarding the effectiveness of using the Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP-EBR) composites as seismic retrofitting solution for PRCWPs weakened by cut-out openings. The discussion was focused on the strengthening strategies adopted for both narrow and wide door openings.
Qualidade de alface crespa cultivada em sistema orgânico, convencional e hidropônico
Authors: Silva Eliana Mara NCP da , Ferreira Regina Lúcia F , Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro de , Tavella Leonardo B , Solino Antônio JS
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da alface do grupo crespa, cv. Vera, em sistemas de cultivo orgânico, convencional e hidropônico em Rio Branco-AC. O experimento foi conduzido em julho de 2009. As amostras dos sistemas, convencional e hidropônico (3 marcas comerciais), foram escolhidas aleatoriamente nos supermercados do município de Rio Branco, no mesmo dia de coleta da alface produzida em sistema orgânico. A alface orgânica, produzida na área experimental do Setor de Agricultura Ecológica da Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), em Rio Branco, foi cultivada em estufa, sob plantio direto utilizando folhas de bambu como cobertura do solo, e adubada com composto orgânico (17 t ha-1 em base seca). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições compostas por três plantas. As amostras foram lavadas, cortadas e processadas com folha e caule, para obter o suco. Logo após foram determinados os teores de sólidos solúveis e a concentração de nitrato e ácido ascórbico. As três marcas de alface hidropônica apresentaram maior teor de nitrato e menor concentração de sólidos solúveis e ácidos ascórbico, enquanto a alface orgânica apresentou qualidade superior, com baixa concentração de nitrato e maior teor de ácido ascórbico.
Production and levels of foliar nitrogen in rocket salad fertilized with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers and urea
Authors: Ratke Rafael Felippe , Verginassi Adriana , Basto Débora de C , Morgado Hélber S , Souza Milena RF de , Fernandes Eliana Paula
Published: July 2011

Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance crop productivity and decrease nitrogen loss through volatilization and leaching. This study aimed at determining the effect of nitrogen treatments provided by controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers and urea. The following fertilizers were tested: 1 (agricultural urea), 2 (ammonium sulfonitrate + nitrification inhibitor, dimethylpyrazole phosphate (Entec 26®)),3 (urea + Kimberlit polymer (Kimcoat N®)) and 4 (urea + NBPT (Super N - Agrotain®)). Treatments corresponded to 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha-1 of N with rocket salad grown inside a greenhouse, assessing the production of fresh and dry leaf mass as well as levels of foliar nitrogen. Doses of different controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers showed significant polynomial regressions for the production of rocket salad fresh leaf mass and levels of foliar nitrogen, whereby Entec 26® did not show significant polynomial regression, considering the last parameter evaluated. The production of rocket salad dry leaf mass did not display significant linear regressions. The maximal production of rocket salad fresh leaf mass was reached at doses of 600, 490, 765, and 462 kg ha-1 of N with the use of urea, Entec 26®, Kimcoat N® and Super N®, respectively.
Inequalities in access and utilization of dental services: a cross-sectional study in an area covered by the Family Health Strategy
Authors: Baldani Márcia Helena , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira
Published: July 2011

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the presence of inequalities in the access and use of dental services for people living in the coverage area of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, and to assess individual determinants related to them. The sample consisted of 747 individuals who answered a pre-tested questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by chi-square test and Poisson regression analysis, obtaining explanatory models for recent use and, by limiting the analysis to those who sought dental care, for effective access. Results showed that 41% of the sample had recent dental visits. The lowest visit rates were observed among preschoolers and elderly people. The subjects who most identified the FHS as a regular source of dental care were children. Besides age, better socioeconomic conditions and the presence of a regular source of dental care were positively associated to recent dental visits. We identified inequalities in use and access to dental care, reinforcing the need to promote incentives to improve access for underserved populations.
Estratégias discursivo-interacionais de construção de identidade de consumidor em audiências de conciliação
Authors: Ladeira Wânia Terezinha , Silva Elaine Luzia da
Published: July 2011

O presente estudo investiga a construção de identidade que emerge da produção discursiva dos consumidores nas audiências de conciliação de um Juizado especial Cível de relações de Consumo de uma cidade mineira. a partir de teorias da Sociolinguística interacional e da utilização de técnicas da análise da Conversa, gravamos quatro audiências em áudio e analisamos a construção de identidade de consumidor por meio de seus relatos nas audiências. A análise dos dados confirmou a riqueza de construções identitárias nas narrativas analisadas. Percebemos que os reclamantes constroem suas identidades a fim de se posicionarem como vítimas e posicionarem o seu oponente como vilão. Para isso, as estratégias mais frequentes por eles utilizadas são: a exploração de um grande número de repetições, a utilização de termos extremos e a incorporação de diferentes categorias identitárias.
O livro didático importado de inglês e o ensino da escrita
Authors: Ferreira Marília Mendes
Published: July 2011

O texto analisa como a série Interchange, terceira edição, conceitua escrita e seu ensino e se a abordagem de ensino dessa habilidade muda ao longo da série. Os exercícios do livro foram classificados em cinco categorias e concluiu-se que a escrita, de modo geral, foi concebida como demonstração de conhecimento gramatical e de vocabulário, como uma prática mecânica de uso da língua descontextualizada, padronizada e prescindível de modelos ou amostras. O ensino da escrita assumido pelo material adota uma abordagem inferior à tradicional e o material procura uma atualização teórica e mercadológica com a inserção de técnicas da abordagem processual e com a etiquetagem de textos com termos referentes aos gêneros textuais.
Livros à mão cheia: o livro como veículo de produção acadêmica
Authors: Menandro Paulo Rogério Meira , Yamamoto Oswaldo Hajime , Tourinho Emmanuel Zagury , Bastos Antônio Virgílio Bittencourt
Published: July 2011

O texto discute a importância do livro como modalidade de produção acadêmica. São apresentados argumentos em favor da visão de que periódicos e livros, em diversas áreas de conhecimento, constituem formas de veiculação de produção científica que se complementam no cumprimento de funções relevantes para o desenvolvimento da ciência e para a formação e atualização de profissionais. A metodologia adotada nos últimos anos para a avaliação dos livros produzidos no âmbito da pós-graduação em Psicologia é descrita e comentada.
Vigilância de infecção de sítio cirúrgico no pós-alta hospitalar de cirurgia cardíaca reconstrutora
Authors: Sasaki Vanessa Damiana Menis , Romanzini Adilson Edson , Jesus Ana Paula Marcielo de , Carvalho Edevã de , Gomes João Junior , Damiano Valquiria Barco
Published: July 2011

A incidência de doenças cardiovasculares vem aumentando a cada ano e, na maioria das vezes, a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio se faz necessária, sendo a infecção de sítio cirúrgico, uma das principais complicações. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar sinais e sintomas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico no pós-alta hospitalar de cirurgia cardíaca reconstrutora. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo descritivo de caráter prospectivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada na residência de 20 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca reconstrutora, em um hospital filantrópico de nível quaternário, situado em São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brasil. Quatro pacientes apresentavam exsudato seroso ou purulento e hiperemia na incisão cirúrgica. Evidenciou-se uma taxa de 20% de infecção de sítio cirúrgico no pós-alta hospitalar. Ressalta-se a necessidade de implementar um método de vigilância no período cirúrgico focalizado no pós-alta hospitalar que possibilite uma real notificação das infecções de sítio cirúrgico, já que estas podem ser subnotificadas ocasionando uma alta taxa de morbi-mortalidade.
Qualidade da madeira de cinco espécies florestais para o envelhecimento da cachaça
Authors: Catão Catarina G. , Paes Juarez B. , Gomes Josivanda P. , Araújo Gilmar T.
Published: July 2011

Realizou-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar as características das madeiras de amburana (Amburana cearencis (Fr. Allem.) A.C. Sm.), bálsamo (Myroxylon peruiferum L.f.), ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L. var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee et Lang.) e jequitibá-rosa (Cariniana legalis (Mart.) Kuntze) no armazenamento de cachaças; comparar as cachaças com amostra armazenada em barril de carvalho (Quercus sp.), analisar o efeito do envelhecimento e comparar os valores obtidos com os padronizados pela Legislação Brasileira. Para tanto, as cachaças foram armazenadas em barris de madeira e em recipiente de vidro e analisadas suas características químicas (acidez volátil, álcool metílico, álcool superior, aldeído, cobre, éster, extrato seco a 100 ºC, furfural e grau alcoólico) e organolépticas (cor, sabor e aroma). Após seis meses de armazenamento as cachaças foram comparadas com os valores padronizados. Independente da espécie, a madeira melhorou as qualidades sensoriais da cachaça incorporando, à bebida, cor, gosto e sabor característicos. Todas as cachaças avaliadas continuaram dentro dos padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pela Legislação Brasileira.
Produção de beterraba fertilizada com jitirana em diferentes doses e tempos de incorporação ao solo
Authors: Silva Maiele L. da , Bezerra Neto Francisco , Linhares Paulo C. F. , Sá José R. de , Lima Jailma S. S. de , Barros Júnior Aurélio P.
Published: July 2011

Este trabalho foi conduzido no período de julho a novembro de 2009, na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido UFERSA, Brasil, objetivando-se avaliar a produção da beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.) fertilizada com jitirana (Merremia aegyptia L.) sob diferentes doses e tempos de sua incorporação ao solo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos completamente casualizados e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 + 1 com 3 repetições, com 72 plantas por parcela, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas doses de jitirana (5,4; 8,8; 12,2 e 15,6 t ha-1 em base seca), o segundo pelos tempos de sua incorporação ao solo (0, 10, 20 e 30 dias após a semeadura - DAS) e o tratamento adicional com adubação de 80 t ha-1 de esterco bovino. A cultivar de beterraba plantada foi a Early Wonder. A melhor performance produtiva da beterraba foi obtida na dose de 15,6 t ha-1 de jitirana incorporada ao solo, no tempo 0 dia. Os indicadores econômicos na dose de 15,6 t ha-1 no tempo de 0 dia foram superiores aos obtidos com o uso de 80 t ha-1 de esterco bovino. O cultivo da beterraba é viável agroeconomicamente com o uso da jitirana como adubo verde.
A eficácia informativa da demonstração do valor adicionado
Authors: Cosenza José Paulo
Published: July 2011

O cenário mundial contemporâneo vem sendo caracterizado por significativas mudanças nas áreas social, política e econômica, com reflexos diretos no ambiente empresarial, através da imposição de novos padrões de competitividade e uma necessidade de alterações nos processos de trabalho e nas práticas de gestão. Neste contexto, a informação contábil tradicional não responde totalmente às demandas novas dos usuários com interesses diferentes daqueles contemplados nos relatórios contábeis clássicos. A Demonstração do Valor Adicionado é parte integrante deste novo grupo de relatórios desenvolvidos pela contabilidade para assistir melhor essas necessidades emergentes, visando, principalmente, a evidenciar o papel social das empresas, apresentando claramente a riqueza gerada, para que toda a sociedade conheça sua função positiva na criação de valor para a comunidade. Este trabalho apresenta aspectos relacionados ao valor adicionado pela atividade empresarial e analisa a importância deste relatório ao facilitar o entendimento da informação sócio-econômica sobre a companhia e sua relação com o ambiente onde está localizada.