bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Visualization Monitoring of Cracks at Shotcrete-Rock Interface Based on Acoustic Emission
Authors: Guo Yuzhu , Chen Xudong , Wu Jin , Ji Tao , Ning Yingjie
Published: August 2023

To investigate the possibility of quantitative monitoring of the fracture process zone (FPZ) at the shotcrete-rock interface, the acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) are used to monitor the three-point bending test of shotcrete-rock specimens. Firstly, the AE intensity signal characteristics during damage to the shotcrete-rock interface are analyzed. Then, the spatial b-value of AE is used to visually characterize the shotcrete-rock interface damage, and the interface damage characteristics of two specimens, shotcrete-granite and shotcrete-sandstone, are analyzed using this analysis method. The analysis reveals that not only the AE spatial b-value can determine the location of microdamage within the interface but it can also characterize the degree of damage. Finally, a new parameter, Tb-value, is constructed based on the AE spatial b-value to quantitatively characterize the FPZ, and the newly established characterization method is validated with the FPZ monitored by DIC. The results show that the Tb-value not only locates and visually characterizes the location of the FPZ within the specimen but also enables the quantitative determination of the FPZ. This provides a new idea for localizing and quantitatively monitoring cracks and FPZs inside structures using AE techniques.
Expressed Barcoding Enables High-Resolution Tracking of the Evolution of Drug Tolerance
Authors: Cotton Jennifer L. , Estrada Diez Javier , Sagar Vivek , Chen Julie , Piquet Michelle , Alford John , Song Youngchul , Li Xiaoyan , Riester Markus , DiMare Matthew T. , Schumacher Katja , Boulay Gaylor , Sprouffske Kathleen , Fan Lin , Burks Tyler , Mansur Leandra , Wagner Joel , Bhang Hyo-eun C. , Iartchouk Oleg , Reece-Hoyes John , Morris Erick J. , Hammerman Peter S. , Ruddy David A. , Korn Joshua M. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Niederst Matthew J.
Published: August 2023

For a majority of patients with non–small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations, treatment with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) induces a clinical response. Despite this initial reduction in tumor size, residual disease persists that leads to disease relapse. Elucidating the preexisting biological differences between sensitive cells and surviving drug-tolerant persister cells and deciphering how drug-tolerant cells evolve in response to treatment could help identify strategies to improve the efficacy of EGFRi. In this study, we tracked the origins and clonal evolution of drug-tolerant cells at a high resolution by using an expressed barcoding system coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing. This platform enabled longitudinal profiling of gene expression and drug sensitivity in response to EGFRi across a large number of clones. Drug-tolerant cells had higher expression of key survival pathways such as YAP and EMT at baseline and could also differentially adapt their gene expression following EGFRi treatment compared with sensitive cells. In addition, drug combinations targeting common downstream components (MAPK) or orthogonal factors (chemotherapy) showed greater efficacy than EGFRi alone, which is attributable to broader targeting of the heterogeneous EGFRi-tolerance mechanisms present in tumors. Overall, this approach facilitates thorough examination of clonal evolution in response to therapy that could inform the development of improved diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for targeting drug-tolerant cells.

Significance:

The evolution and heterogeneity of EGFR inhibitor tolerance are identified in a large number of clones at enhanced cellular and temporal resolution using an expressed barcode technology coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing.
Fasting-Mimicking Diet Drives Antitumor Immunity against Colorectal Cancer by Reducing IgA-Producing Cells
Authors: Zhong Ziwen , Zhang Hao , Nan Ke , Zhong Jing , Wu Qichao , Lu Lihong , Yue Ying , Zhang Zhenyu , Guo Miaomiao , Wang Zhiqiang , Xia Jie , Xing Yun , Fu Ying , Yu Baichao , Zhou Wenchang , Sun Xingfeng , Shen Yang , Chen Wankun , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jin , Ma Duan , Chu Yiwei , Liu Ronghua , Miao Changhong
Published: August 2023

As a safe, feasible, and inexpensive dietary intervention, fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) exhibits excellent antitumor efficacy by regulating metabolism and boosting antitumor immunity. A better understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying the immunoregulatory functions of FMD could help improve and expand the clinical application of FMD-mediated immunotherapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of metabolic reprogramming induced by FMD in activation of antitumor immunity against colorectal cancer. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of intratumoral immune cells revealed that tumor-infiltrating IgA+ B cells were significantly reduced by FMD treatment, leading to the activation of antitumor immunity and tumor regression in murine colorectal cancer models. Mechanistically, FMD delayed tumor growth by repressing B-cell class switching to IgA. Therefore, FMD-induced reduction of IgA+ B cells overcame the suppression of CD8+ T cells. The immunoregulatory and antitumor effects of FMD intervention were reversed by IgA+ B-cell transfer. Moreover, FMD boosted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to trigger RUNX3 acetylation, thus inactivating Cα gene transcription and IgA class switching. IgA+ B-cell expansion was also impeded in patients placed on FMD, while B-cell expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, was increased. Furthermore, CPT1A expression was negatively correlated with both IgA+ B cells and IgA secretion within colorectal cancer. Together, these results highlight that FMD holds great promise for treating colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the degree of IgA+ B cell infiltration and FAO-associated metabolic status are potential biomarkers for evaluating FMD efficacy.

Significance:

Metabolic reprogramming of B cells induced by fasting-mimicking diet suppresses IgA class switching and production to activate antitumor immunity and inhibit tumor growth.

See related commentary by Bush and Perry, p. 3493
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Abrogates Intestinal Toxicity and Promotes Tumor Immunity to Increase the Efficacy of Dual CTLA4 and PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Gao Yaqi , Xu Pingping , Sun Danfeng , Jiang Yi , Lin Xiao-Lin , Han Ting , Yu Jun , Sheng Chunquan , Chen Haoyan , Hong Jie , Chen Yingxuan , Xiao Xiu-Ying , Fang Jing-Yuan
Published: August 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy; however, their application is limited by the occurrence of immune-related adverse events. The gut microbiota plays important roles in the response to and toxicity of immunotherapy and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) has been shown to possess immunomodulatory potential. Here, we found that patients receiving ICIs who developed colitis had a lower abundance of F. prausnitzii. In vivo, immunocompetent mice administered with dextran sodium sulfate and immunodeficient NSG mice with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell transfer were treated with ICIs to study ICI-induced colitis. Dual CTLA4 and PD-1 blockade exacerbated autoimmune colitis, activated an inflammatory response, and promoted myeloid cell infiltration, with higher percentages of macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. F. prausnitzii administration mitigated the exacerbated colitis induced by ICIs. Concomitantly, F. prausnitzii enhanced the antitumor immunity elicited by ICIs in tumor-bearing mice while abrogating colitis. In addition, administration of F. prausnitzii increased gut microbial alpha diversity and modulated the microbial composition, increasing a subset of gut probiotics and decreasing potential gut pathogens. F. prausnitzii abundance was reduced in mice that developed ICI-associated colitis. Together, this study shows that F. prausnitzii administration ameliorates ICI-induced colitis, reshapes the gut microbial composition, and enhances the antitumor activity of immunotherapy.

Significance:

F. prausnitzii alleviates colitis while enhancing the tumor-suppressive effects of immune checkpoint blockade, indicating that supplementation with F. prausnitzii could be a treatment strategy to mitigate immunotherapy toxicity in patients with cancer.
Improved Posttransplant Outcomes in Recent Years for AML Patients with FLT3-ITD and Wild-type NPM1: A Report from the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party
Authors: Bazarbachi Ali , Labopin Myriam , Gedde-Dahl Tobias , Remenyi Peter , Forcade Edouard , Kröger Nicolaus , Socié Gerard , Craddock Charles , Bourhis Jean Henri , Versluis Jurjen , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Salmenniemi Urpu , El-Cheikh Jean , Bug Gesine , Esteve Jordi , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is recommended in first complete remission (CR1) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3–internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). We assessed changes over time in transplant characteristics and outcomes in patients with AML age 60 years and younger with a FLT3-ITD.

Experimental Design:

We identified 1,827 adult patients with AML (median age 49 years, range 18–60) with FLT3-ITD and intermediate karyotype, allografted between 2012 and 2021 in CR1.

Results:

NPM1 was mutated in 72% of patients. We compared changes over time in 688 patients transplanted between 2012 and 2016, and 1,139 patients transplanted between 2017 and 2021. For patients with wild-type NPM1, the 2-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) significantly improved over time from 54% to 64% (HR = 0.67; P = 0.011) and from 63% to 71% (HR = 0.66; P = 0.021), respectively. Allo-HCT in recent years significantly reduced the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). For patients with NPM1 mutation, no significant changes over time were noted.

Conclusions:

In patients with AML with FLT3-ITD and wild-type NPM1, we noticed a significant decrease over time in the CIR and improvement of LFS and OS, likely reflecting the efficacy of FLT-3 inhibitors, including when used as posttransplant maintenance, in this high-risk setting. On the contrary, no significant change over time was noticed in outcomes of patients harboring a FLT3 and NPM1 mutation.
Are Diagnostic Delays Associated with Distress in Breast Cancer Patients?
Authors: Yang Jerry H. , Huynh Victoria , Leonard Laura D. , Kovar Alexandra , Bronsert Michael , Ludwigson Abigail , Wolverton Dulcy , Hampanda Karen , Christian Nicole , Kim Simon P. , Ahrendt Gretchen , Mathes David W. , Tevis Sarah E.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Receiving a new breast cancer diagnosis can cause anxiety and distress, which can lead to psychologic morbidity, decreased treatment adherence, and worse clinical outcomes. Understanding sources of distress is crucial in providing comprehensive care. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between delays in breast cancer diagnosis and patient-reported distress. Secondary outcomes include assessing patient characteristics associated with delay. Methods: Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who completed a distress screening tool at their initial evaluation at an academic institution between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The tool captured distress levels in the emotional, social, health, and practical domains with scores of “high distress” defined by current clinical practice guidelines. Delay from mammogram to biopsy, whether diagnostic or screening mammogram, was defined as >30 days. Result: 745 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients met inclusion criteria. Median time from abnormal mammogram to core biopsy was 12 days, and 11% of patients experienced a delay in diagnosis. The non-delayed group had higher emotional (p = 0.04) and health (p = 0.03) distress than the delayed group. No statistically significant differences in social distress were found between groups. Additionally, patients with higher practical distress had longer time interval between mammogram and surgical intervention compared to those with lower practical distress. Older age, diagnoses of invasive lobular carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ, and clinical anatomic stages 0-I were associated with diagnostic delay. Conclusion: Patients with higher emotional or health-related distress were more likely to have timely diagnoses of breast cancer, suggesting that patients with higher distress may seek healthcare interventions more promptly. Improved understanding of sources of distress will permit early intervention regarding the devastating impact of breast cancer diagnosis.
Characterization of Membranous Nephropathy with Microspherular Deposits
Authors: Ren Kevin Yi Mi , Hou Jean
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome in the USA. The typical ultrastructural finding is of global uniformly dense subepithelial electron-dense immune complex deposits along glomerular basement membranes. However, early reports described deposits with a unique microspherular substructure. There was variability in what was identified as microspherular, sometimes overlapping with other entities such as podocyte infolding glomerulopathy. Currently, the nature, composition, and clinical significance of these microspherular deposits (MSDs) remain unknown. Method: We report the clinicopathologic features of a series of MN cases with MSD, with detailed ultrastructural characterization as well as PLA2R and THSD7A immunohistochemical and IgG subclass-staining characteristics. The proportion of MSD to overall deposits is segregated into two groups: global MSD with >50% MSD (n = 14) and segmental MSD with <50% (n = 5). Results: The size and appearance of the microspherules were nearly identical in global and segmental MSD groups (mean diameter of 77.9 nm and 77.2 nm, respectively), with subepithelial (n = 19) or intramembranous (n = 12) distributions in all cases. Mesangial MSDs (n = 5) were only found in the global MSD group. The majority of biopsies (86% of global MSD and 100% of segmental MSD) were Ehrenreich-Churg stage 2 or above; early stage 1 was only observed in the global MSD group. All but 3 cases were PLA2R/THSD7A double negative; 1 THSD7A positive in global MSD and 2 PLA2R positive in segmental MSD. IgG1 was the dominant subclass in the global MSD group, and IgG4 was dominant in the segmental MSD group, including the 2 PLA2R-positive cases. Conclusion: The findings suggest that MSDs are more commonly associated with secondary MN. This case series is the largest to date, and the findings may yield etiologic and prognostic information on this rare but unique subset of MN and provide a well-characterized cohort of cases for future studies.
Primary Breast Sarcoma: A Two-Centre Analysis and Review of Literature
Authors: Žatecký Jan , Coufal Oldřich , Fabian Pavel , Holánek Miloš , Sehnálková Eva , Burkoň Petr
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Primary breast sarcoma is a very rare malignant type of breast tumours with an incidence of 0.1% of all primary breast malignancies. Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of the case series from two hospitals in the Czech Republic with a review of the diagnostic and treatment approach to primary breast sarcomas with an analysis of published prognostic factors. Results: Eleven patients were included in the study, 9 women and 2 men. Statistical evaluation revealed that tumour size (p = 0.1964), grade (p = 0.1667), margin distance (p = 0.5403), mitotic activity (p = 0.8577), or age (p = 0.7822) were not prognostic factors in our cohort. Conclusion: The analysis did not prove any of the factors, such as age, tumour size, grade, or mitotic activity, to be statistically significant prognostic factors. Based on the literature review, the most common published prognostic factors are tumour size, margin status, and grade, but the results are ambiguous.
“Segunda Chamada”: a insustentabilidade da educação pública na ficção seriada
Authors: Coca Adriana Pierre
Published: August 2023

Este artigo investiga como a ficção seriada configura os sentidos ao abordar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Investigou-se a série brasileira Segunda Chamada, cuja trama são os enfrentamentos de um grupo de professores de uma escola pública da periferia de São Paulo, que se dedica à educação de jovens e adultos (EJA). Averiguou-se a tradução de sentidos em relação à EJA, segundo a semiótica da cultura, em especial os conceitos de fronteira e tradução de Lotman2. A série apresenta regularidades das narrativas seriadas da TV aberta e descontinuidades que a atualizam para o contexto digital, mesmo sob um sistema modelizante de cultura midiática.
Cardiorenal Biomarkers, Canagliflozin, and Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease: The CREDENCE Trial
Authors: Januzzi James L. , Mohebi Reza , Liu Yuxi , Sattar Naveed , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Tefera Eshetu , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Butler Javed , Yavin Yshai , Li Jingwei , Pollock Carol A. , Perkovic Vlado , Neal Bruce , Hansen Michael K.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

People with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria are at an elevated risk for cardiac and renal events. The optimal biomarkers to aid disease prediction and to understand the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition remain unclear.

METHODS:

Among 2627 study participants in the CREDENCE trial (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), concentrations of NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, growth differentiation factor-15, and IGFBP7 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7) were measured. The effect of canagliflozin on biomarker concentrations was evaluated. The prognostic potential of each biomarker on the primary outcome (a composite of end-stage kidney disease [dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
], doubling of the serum creatinine level, or renal death or cardiovascular death) was assessed.

RESULTS:

The median (quartiles 1 and 3) concentration of each biomarker was generally elevated: NT-proBNP, 180 ng/L (82, 442 ng/L); high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, 19 ng/L (12, 29 ng/L); growth differentiation factor-15, 2595 ng/L (1852, 3775 ng/L); and IGFBP7, 121.8 ng/mL (105.4, 141.5 ng/mL). At 1 year, the biomarkers all rose by 6% to 29% in the placebo arm but only by 3% to 10% in the canagliflozin arm (all
P
<0.01 in multivariable linear mixed-effect models). Baseline concentrations of each biomarker were strongly predictive of cardiac and renal outcomes. When the biomarkers were analyzed together in a multimarker panel, individuals with high risk scores (hazard ratio [HR], 4.01 [95% CI, 2.52–6.35]) and moderate risk scores (HR, 2.39 [95% CI, 1.48–3.87]) showed a higher risk for the primary outcome compared with those with low risk scores. By 1 year, a 50% increase in NT-proBNP (HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08–1.15]), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (HR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.64–2.10]), growth differentiation factor-15 (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.24–1.70]), and IGFBP7 (HR, 3.76 [95% CI, 2.54–5.56]) was associated with risk of the primary outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:

Multiple cardiorenal stress biomarkers are strongly prognostic in people with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Canagliflozin modestly reduced the longitudinal trajectory of rise in each biomarker. Change in the biomarker level in addition to the baseline level augments the primary outcome prediction.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02065791.
Fractional Flow Reserve–Guided PCI or Coronary Bypass Surgery for 3-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: 3-Year Follow-Up of the FAME 3 Trial
Authors: Zimmermann Frederik M. , Ding Victoria Y. , Pijls Nico H.J. , Piroth Zsolt , van Straten Albert H.M. , Szekely Laszlo , Davidavicius Giedrius , Kalinauskas Gintaras , Mansour Samer , Kharbanda Rajesh , Östlund-Papadogeorgos Nikolaos , Aminian Adel , Oldroyd Keith G. , Al-Attar Nawwar , Jagic Nikola , Dambrink Jan-Henk E. , Kala Petr , Angeras Oskar , MacCarthy Philip , Wendler Olaf , Casselman Filip , Witt Nils , Mavromatis Kreton , Miner Steven E.S. , Sarma Jaydeep , Engstrøm Thomas , Christiansen Evald H. , Tonino Pim A.L. , Reardon Michael J. , Otsuki Hisao , Kobayashi Yuhei , Hlatky Mark A. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Desai Manisha , Woo Y. Joseph , Yeung Alan C. , De Bruyne Bernard , Fearon William F. ,   on behalf of the FAME 3 Investigators
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Previous studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multivessel coronary disease not involving the left main have shown significantly lower rates of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke after CABG. These studies did not routinely use current-generation drug-eluting stents or fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide PCI.

METHODS:

FAME 3 (Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, international, randomized trial involving patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease (not involving the left main coronary artery) in 48 centers worldwide. Patients were randomly assigned to receive FFR-guided PCI using zotarolimus drug-eluting stents or CABG. The prespecified key secondary end point of the trial reported here is the 3-year incidence of the composite of death, MI, or stroke.

RESULTS:

A total of 1500 patients were randomized to FFR-guided PCI or CABG. Follow-up was achieved in >96% of patients in both groups. There was no difference in the incidence of the composite of death, MI, or stroke after FFR-guided PCI compared with CABG (12.0% versus 9.2%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.3 [95% CI, 0.98–1.83];
P
=0.07). The rates of death (4.1% versus 3.9%; HR, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.6–1.7];
P
=0.88) and stroke (1.6% versus 2.0%; HR, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.4–1.7];
P
=0.56) were not different. MI occurred more frequently after PCI (7.0% versus 4.2%; HR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1–2.7];
P
=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:

At 3-year follow-up, there was no difference in the incidence of the composite of death, MI, or stroke after FFR-guided PCI with current-generation drug-eluting stents compared with CABG. There was a higher incidence of MI after PCI compared with CABG, with no difference in death or stroke. These results provide contemporary data to allow improved shared decision-making between physicians and patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02100722.
Incidence of New-Onset Hypertension Post–COVID-19: Comparison With Influenza
Authors: Zhang Vincent , Fisher Molly , Hou Wei , Zhang Lili , Duong Tim Q.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

SARS-CoV-2 may trigger new-onset persistent hypertension. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors associated with new-onset persistent hypertension during COVID-19 hospitalization and at ≈6-month follow-up compared with influenza.

METHODS:

This retrospective observational study was conducted in a major academic health system in New York City. Participants included 45 398 patients with COVID-19 (March 2020 to August 2022) and 13 864 influenza patients (January 2018 to August 2022) without a history of hypertension.

RESULTS:

At 6-month follow-up, new-onset persistent hypertension was seen in 20.6% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and 10.85% of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. Persistent hypertension incidence among hospitalized patients did not vary across the pandemic, whereas that of hospitalized patients decreased from 20% in March 2020 to ≈10% in October 2020 (R
2
=0.79,
P
=0.003) and then plateaued thereafter. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were 2.23 ([95% CI, 1.48–3.54];
P
<0.001) times and nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 were 1.52 ([95% CI, 1.22–1.90];
P
<0.01) times more likely to develop persistent hypertension than influenza counterparts. Persistent hypertension was more common among older adults, males, Black, patients with preexisting comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease), and those who were treated with pressor and corticosteroid medications. Mathematical models predicted persistent hypertension with 79% to 86% accuracy. In addition, 21.0% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with no prior hypertension developed hypertension during COVID-19 hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS:

Incidence of new-onset persistent hypertension in patients with COVID-19 is higher than those with influenza, likely constituting a major health burden given the sheer number of patients with COVID-19. Screening at-risk patients for hypertension following COVID-19 illness may be warranted.
A new species of Tournefortiopsis (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae) from northern Colombia
Authors: PÉREZ DAVID , ALZATE FERNANDO
Published: August 2023

A new species of Tournefortiopsis from high Andean forests of the Central Colombian Cordillera is described and illustrated. Tournefortiopsis triflora is characterized mainly by its dichasium inflorescence, a feature not previously reported in the genus. It can be distinguished from its related species by its smaller leaves, peduncles, and corolla tube, and by the leaves abaxially glabrous on the areoles. The new species is from an area of biogeographic interest due to the large number of endemic species known to this area. A distribution map, conservation status and taxonomic affinities are provided in this paper.
A new species of Zercoseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae) from Brazil
Authors: SANTOS JANDIR C. , BORGES VINICIUS , CASTILHO RAPHAEL C.
Published: August 2023

Zercoseius luizdequeirozi n. sp. is described based on adult females collected from soil/litter samples taken from disturbed areas of the natural vegetation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. This new species differs from Zercoseius spathuliger (Leonardi, 1899), presently the only species included in this genus, reported so far from Europe, northern Africa and northwestern USA, more obviously by the shape of the dorsal shield setae and by having seta s1.
Monolithic Miniature Glass Spectrometer
Authors: Qian Jiashun , Chu Tao
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a monolithic spectrometer based on a plano-convex glass lens and achieves a resolution better than 0.7 nm in the spectral range of 550–720 nm. In the monolithic instrument, all components were fixed in the machined lens, resulting in a much smaller size and more stable assembly than traditional mini spectrometers. Additionally, a dual-band design was proposed and demonstrated to extend the spectral range from the visible band (550–700 nm) to the near-infrared band (800–900 nm), thus allowing more characteristic spectral fingerprints for improved material identification. The feasibility of compensating the residual aberrations caused by structural limitations with a specifically designed aberration-correcting grating is further detailed.
‘Involution’ or Alienation?: Visiting the Issue through Jia Zhangke’s ‘Hometown Trilogy’
Authors: Jha Madhurendra
Published: August 2023

‘Nei Juan (内卷)’, translated as ‘involution’, was the ‘buzzword’ in Chinese social media in the year 2020. With ‘involution’, two more phenomena widely known as the ‘Sang Wenhua (丧文化)’, loosely translated as the ‘culture of dispiritedness’ and ‘Tangping Zhuyi (躺平主义)’, loosely translated as ‘lying flat-ism’, gained currency. If ‘involution’ is the issue the urban youth of China is facing in a commercialised and competitive China of today, then ‘dispiritedness’ seems to be its symptom, and ‘lying flat-ism’ its cure being adopted by the ‘dispirited’ youth. As a result, a few questions naturally arise. Is ‘involution’ a new issue that the Chinese urban youth is encountering today? Or is ‘involution’ in itself yet another symptom of a larger issue, ‘alienation’? My inquiry into these questions makes me turn towards films. To find the answers, I take up the works of Jia Zhangke, the central theme of whose works I describe as ‘the desultory wanderings of the alienated souls’. I argue that a critical and close reading of his ‘Hometown Trilogy’, will present us with such youth, who in the face of the rapid changes brought by the post-1979 economic reforms, were filled with a sense of powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, isolation and self-estrangement, all forms of alienation as proposed by Melvin Seeman. I also look into the genesis of ‘involution’ and its manifestation to argue that the Chinese urban youth experiencing ‘involution’ and thereby ‘dispiritedness’, are experiencing the same subjective feelings of alienation as experienced by the youth in the Jia’a ‘Hometown Trilogy’.
European NCAP Driver State Monitoring Protocols: Prevalence of Distraction in Naturalistic Driving
Authors: Mulhall Megan , Wilson Kyle , Yang Shiyan , Kuo Jonny , Sletten Tracey , Anderson Clare , Howard Mark E. , Rajaratnam Shantha , Magee Michelle , Collins Allison , Lenné Michael G.
Published: August 2023

Objective

examine the prevalence of driver distraction in naturalistic driving when implementing European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP)-defined distraction behaviours.

Background

The 2023 introduction of Occupant Status monitoring (OSM) into Euro NCAP will accelerate uptake of Driver State Monitoring (DSM). Euro NCAP outlines distraction behaviours that DSM must detect to earn maximum safety points. Distraction behaviour prevalence and driver alerting and intervention frequency have yet to be examined in naturalistic driving.

Method

Twenty healthcare workers were provided with an instrumented vehicle for approximately two weeks. Data were continuously monitored with automotive grade DSM during daily work commutes, resulting in 168.8 hours of driver head, eye and gaze tracking.

Results

Single long distraction events were the most prevalent, with .89 events/hour. Implementing different thresholds for driving-related and driving-unrelated glance regions impacts alerting rates. Lizard glances (primarily gaze movement) occurred more frequently than owl glances (primarily head movement). Visual time-sharing events occurred at a rate of .21 events/hour.

Conclusion

Euro NCAP-described driver distraction occurs naturalistically. Lizard glances, requiring gaze tracking, occurred in high frequency relative to owl glances, which only require head tracking, indicating that less sophisticated DSM will miss a substantial amount of distraction events.

Application

This work informs OEMs, DSM manufacturers and regulators of the expected alerting rate of Euro NCAP defined distraction behaviours. Alerting rates will vary with protocol implementation, technology capability, and HMI strategies adopted by the OEMs, in turn impacting safety outcomes, user experience and acceptance of DSM technology.
130 years of spectroheliograms at Paris-Meudon observatories (1893–2023)
Authors: Malherbe Jean-Marie
Published: August 2023

Broad-band observations of the solar photosphere began in Meudon in 1875 under the auspices of Jules Janssen. For his part, Henri Deslandres initiated imaging spectroscopy in 1892 at Paris observatory. He invented, concurrently with George Hale in Kenwood (USA), but quite independently, the spectroheliograph designed for monochromatic imagery of the solar atmosphere. Deslandres developed two kinds of spectrographs: the ‘ spectrohéliographe des formes’, that is, the narrow bandpass instrument to reveal chromospheric structures; and the ‘ spectrohéliographe des vitesses’, that is, the section spectroheliograph to record line profiles of cross sections of the Sun. This second apparatus was intended to measure the Dopplershifts of dynamic features. Deslandres moved to Meudon in 1898 to build the large quadruple spectroheliograph. The service of Hα and CaII K systematic observations was organized by Lucien d’Azambuja and continues today. The digital technology was introduced in 2002. The collection is one of the longest available: it contains sporadic images from 1893 to 1907 (during the development phase) and systematic observations along 10 solar cycles since 1908. This paper summarizes 130 years of observations, instrumental research and technical advances.
The evaluation of the relationship between the microstructure and properties of the tire tread containing carbon black/silica hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Khosrojerdi Farzaneh , Kourki Hajir , Bagherzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2023

Today, air pollution is considered as one of the most important challenges of mankind, which is affected by the pollutants emitted by vehicles in cities. Given that the greatest loss of the kinetic energy generated by car engine occurs in the tires due to the rolling resistance, a reduction in their rolling resistance lowers fuel consumption and decreases air pollution. Additionally, the change in the formulation of tire tread components significantly decreases the rolling resistance. In addition, the change in the component formulation requires a variation in the conditions of tire processing, which results in altering the tire mechanical properties. The present study evaluated the effect of adding nanocarbon black with various sizes and nanosilica at different levels into the formulation of tire tread component on the rheological properties. Further, their effect on the mechanical properties and efficiency of produced components, were evaluated. The results of rheological study represented higher viscosity following a rise in nanosilica concentration and a decrease in the size of nanocarbon black. Based on the results of mechanical properties, the elastic modulus at 100 and 300% of component increased by raising the level of nanosilica, while decreased while using smaller nanocarbon black. Finally, the relation between microstructure and properties was presented for the obtained nanocomposites and some of the structure parameters was examined using small-angle X-ray scattering technique.
Social Movement Ruptures and Legacies: Unpacking the Early Sedimentation of the Anti-European Super League Movement in English Football
Authors: Turner Mark , Millward Peter
Published: August 2023

Building on Della Porta’s work on social movement events, critical junctures, and legacies, this article studies the discursive practices, emotions and networks of the instant 48-hour mobilizations of the anti-European Super League (ESL) movement in English football in April 2021. In doing so, we show how this case reveals a new generation of conflict between the different supporter demographic and corporate constituencies that characterize elite football in England, and their politicized temporal structures. Showing how social movement ‘legacy’ operates as a multifaceted concept of power and time, we argue that the ‘puzzling out’ of a new post-ESL regulatory regime in football reveals the tensions between what are considered legitimate, and illegitimate, practices, which characterize the moral economy of the contemporary English football crowd.
Scholarly article retrieval from Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A comparative analysis of retrieval quality
Authors: Singh Prashasti , Singh Vivek Kumar , Piryani Rajesh
Published: August 2023

Scholarly databases are now being increasingly used for search and retrieval of research articles in different subject areas. Several previous studies have shown that different databases vary in their coverage of publication sources, and therefore, one may expect that for a given query, they may retrieve different results. However, how do these databases compare in terms of relevance of the retrieved results is relatively unexplored. This study, therefore, attempts to bridge this research gap by carrying out a systematic study of retrieval relevance of the three scholarly databases – Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions. Five selected queries are used for this purpose. The retrieved results from the three databases for the given queries are first analysed in terms of volume of retrieved records, language of retrieved records, etc. Thereafter, a user-based annotation scheme is used to assess and compare the relevance of retrieved results. The standard measure of normalised discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) is computed for the purpose. Results indicate that although the number of retrieved results for the same query differs significantly in the three databases, the databases differ only marginally in retrieval relevance, with Web of Science having a slight edge over other two.
Role of E-Business Driven OTT Platforms in Influencing Consumer’s Intention to Cut the Cable Cord
Authors: Bisoyi Bhubaneswari , Mishra Vivek , Das Biswajit , Satpathy Ipseeta
Published: August 2023

The research article focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that contributed to a surge in cable cord-cutting in mature as well as emerging markets such as India. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed understanding of the motivating forces behind consumers’ intention to cut the cord of television cables. This research article has tried to examine the impact of four factors, namely, (a) perceived advantage, (b) perceived value, (c) perceived compatibility and (d) perceived substitutability on the intention of the consumers’ cord-cutting. The research data were collected from 186 Subscription Video on Demand subscribers by circulating an online questionnaire and administering Amos 23.0 for analysing the data. The data analysis result revealed that consumers’ intention for cord-cutting was influenced by perceived compatibility, perceived value, perceived advantage and perceived substitutability. This research study intends to provide direction to pay TV subscription providers to understand the factors that influence cord-cutting and to motivate consumers to retain a minimal subscription leading to cord-shaving.
Development of Two Korean IACUC Guidance Documents to Foster Implementation of the Three Rs
Authors: Lee Gwi Hyang , Kim Heui-Jin , Joo Young-Shin , Kim Seung Yeon , Reed Barney , Hart Lynette A. , Choe Byung In
Published: August 2023

In Korea, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) have been legally required to apply the Three Rs principles (i.e. replacement, reduction and refinement) and undertake the ethical review of animal study protocols, since 2008. According to Korean law, each IACUC is required to appoint at least one lay member recommended by a non-governmental animal protection organisation, who participates in the ethical review process as part of this role. Despite the importance of the Three Rs and the ethical review process, limited information and practical resources are available for IACUC members in the Korean language, particularly for lay members who are inexperienced in animal experimentation. In January 2020, the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency announced the funding for a six-month research project to develop guidance to assist IACUC members in carrying out effective and efficient protocol reviews in line with Korean legislative requirements. This funding was awarded for the production of two IACUC guidance documents — ‘Guide for Animal Study Protocols’ and ‘Guide for the IACUC Lay Member’ — which were published in December 2020. These guidance documents aim to foster the implementation of the Three Rs and provide practical resources for IACUC members, researchers and other relevant personnel. This paper describes the framework for animal use in Korea and the overall production of these two IACUC Guidance Documents.
On cosmic injustices: Critical thinking, outer space, green values, and capitalist ideologies in a planetary age
Authors: Tabas Brad
Published: August 2023

It may seem obvious that the interests of social justice should always align with environmental justice on a limited planet Earth. Unfortunately, this is far from the case in practice, even in the Anthropocene. This essay provides a new cognitive mapping of how ideologically charged discourse splits the interests of people and planet. It offers a pragmatic, semantic, and spatial analysis of how arguments for planetary protection can infelicitously turn into justifications for broadening social inequalities (and the inverse). As such, it presents an implicit critique of holist theories. In striving to demonstrate the fundamental unity of society and the environemnt risk, holistic thinking leaves critics with an impoverished critical toolbox incapable of differentiating between transparently fraudulent greenwashing and scientifically supportable, but ideologically charged, claims. This text is focused on the spatial dimension of Anthropocene ideology. It places a particular focus on the growing place and rhetorical function of outer space within the Anthropocene economy. It illustrates that the promise of extraterrestrial growth, at least when this growth is contextualized against a zoned extraterrestrial space, has emerged as a potent means of justifying inequality in the name of planetary well-being, and so also of justifying the gospel of growth despite our increasing awareness of the limits of our planet.
Preconditioning with interleukin-1 alpha is required for the neuroprotective properties of mesenchymal stem cells after ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Wong Raymond , Smith Craig J , Allan Stuart M , Pinteaux Emmanuel
Published: August 2023

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) pre-conditioning with interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1ɑ) drives MSCs toward a potent anti-inflammatory phenotype. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of intra-arterially administered IL-1ɑ preconditioned MSCs, after experimental cerebral ischaemia in mice. After 3 h from the start of middle cerebral artery occlusion, animals were treated with vehicle, 9.1 × 104 non-conditioned or IL-1ɑ preconditioned MSCs by intra-arterial administration. Animals were allowed to recover for 1.5 h after treatment to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), and 3 days or 14 days post-stroke to evaluate lesion volume and functional outcomes. At 3-days post-stroke preconditioned MSCs reduced (by 67%) lesion volume and increased CBF (by 32%) compared to vehicle, while non-conditioned MSCs had no effect. A separate cohort of animals recovered to 14 days post-stroke also showed reduced infarct volume (by 51%) at 48 h (assessed by MRI) and better functional recovery at 14 days when treated with preconditioned MSCs when compared to vehicle. Preconditioning MSCs with IL-1α increases their neuroprotective capability and improves functional recovery after delayed intra-arterial administration. With increasing use of thrombectomy, the adjunct use of preconditioned MSCs therefore represents a highly relevant therapy to improve outcomes in ischemic stroke.
Psychopathic Traits in a Swedish Court-Ordered Forensic Sample: Preferential Associations of Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition
Authors: Sörman Karolina , Fakih Ayman , Caman Shilan , Kelley Shannon E. , Poghosyan Kamo , Gustavsson Petter , Edens John F. , Howner Katarina
Published: August 2023

The construct validity of the triarchic psychopathy model has yet to be evaluated in the Swedish forensic psychiatric context. We examined associations between the three phenotypic constructs of the triarchic model of psychopathy (i.e., boldness, meanness, disinhibition), self-assessed empathy and anxiety, and clinical variables in 91 individuals undergoing pretrial forensic psychiatric evaluation in Sweden. Participants completed the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) and self-report measures of empathy and anxiety. Clinical variables, including psychiatric diagnoses and criminal behavior, were collected from the forensic psychiatric evaluations (FPE). All three subscales of the TriPM displayed significant and predominantly anticipated correlations with empathy and trait anxiety measures. TriPM Disinhibition was the only subscale with significant associations with the clinical variables collected from the FPEs. The results provide evidence for the reliability and construct validity of the Swedish translation of the TriPM in a pretrial forensic setting.
Research on key technologies of large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage capacity big data configuration optimization
Authors: Tong Xin
Published: August 2023

Due to the uncertainty and randomness of large-scale wind and light, the output power of the power grid has great fluctuations. If it is directly connected to the grid, it will affect the main grid. In addition, when the grid switches between on-grid/off-grid operation modes, there will be power shortages, shocks and oscillations. The scientific and reasonable configuration of energy storage system capacity big data can reduce the load power shortage rate, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, and ensure the reliable operation of the power grid. For this reason, the key technology of large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage capacity big data configuration optimization is studied. A large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage structure is proposed, and the working characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation are analyzed, and the probability model of photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and load, as well as the charging and discharging model of battery and super capacitor are established accordingly. On this basis, the optimization objective function is set, the constraints are determined, and the large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage capacity big data configuration optimization model is constructed. And the PSO algorithm is used to solve the model to realize the big data configuration optimization of large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage capacity. The research results show that the proposed method of large-scale wind-solar hybrid grid energy storage system has good power supply reliability and economy, and can effectively improve the utilization rate of renewable energy.
Using Machine Learning Prediction to Create a 15-question IPV Measurement Tool
Authors: Shashidhara Sneha , Mamidi Pavan , Vaidya Shardul , Daral Ishank
Published: August 2023

Domestic violence, especially intimate partner violence (IPV), is an important issue worldwide, especially in India. Those that experience it may not always be able to come forward or have access to the required social support to act against it. We use National Family Health Survey data ( n = 66,013 women) to create machine learning models which can predict IPV instances with a recall of 78%. We use the top 15 best predicting questions that avoid sensitive issues to create a field tool that frontline health workers can use to identify women with a high risk of IPV and provide the support they need.