bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Survey on A Posteriori Error Estimators for the Crouzeix–Raviart Nonconforming Finite Element Method for the Stokes Problem
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Merdon Christian
Published: January 2014

This survey compares different strategies for guaranteed error control
for the lowest-order nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart finite element method for the Stokes equations.
The upper error bound involves the minimal distance of the computed piecewise gradient
$\operatorname{D}_{\textup {NC}}u_{\textup {CR}}$
to the gradients of Sobolev functions with exact boundary conditions.
Several improved suggestions for
the cheap computation of such test functions
compete in five benchmark examples. This paper provides numerical evidence that guaranteed
error control of the
nonconforming FEM is indeed possible for the Stokes equations with overall efficiency indices
between 1 to 4 in the asymptotic range.
Robust observer design for Sugeno systems with incremental quadratic nonlinearity in the consequent
Authors: Moodi Hoda , Farrokhi Mohammad
Published: January 2014

This paper is concerned with observer design for nonlinear systems that are modeled by T-S fuzzy systems containing parametric and nonparametric uncertainties. Unlike most Sugeno models, the proposed method contains nonlinear functions in the consequent part of the fuzzy IF-THEN rules. This will allow modeling a wider class of systems with smaller modeling errors. The consequent part of each rule contains a linear part plus a nonlinear term, which has an incremental quadratic constraint. This constraint relaxes the conservativeness introduced by other regular constraints for nonlinearities such as the Lipschitz conditions. To further reduce the conservativeness, a nonlinear injection term is added to the observer dynamics. Simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the existing techniques reported in well-established journals.
POSSIBILITIES OF THE USE OF ELECTROLYZED WATER IN POULTRY BREEDING
Authors: Jirotková Dana , Šoch Miloslav , Kernerová Naděžda , Pálka Václav , Zábranský Luboš , Marešová Iveta
Published: January 2014

the paper deals with verification of the effects of the electrolyzed NaCl-water solution where a new possibility for an alternative procedure to disinfect water is provided. The experiment was done in two chicken breeding halls where the solution was used to disinfect the stable premises and at the same time it was applied into the feed water. The effects of disinfection were verified directly in the stable premises at the interval of 20, 40, 60 minutes after application. Staphylococci and Streptococci and Enterococci were inactive always after 60 minutes of effect. There was significant decrease in the number of total number of microorganisms. An evaluation of the qualitative features of the produced chicken meat, focused mainly on the PSE meat disorder, was a part of the examination, too. After the research was finished, the chickens were slaughtered at the industrial slaughterhouse and samples of the meat were taken (gradually 157 pieces in total) from the individual halls and analysed. The determined share in water loss by dripping was the most significant of the monitored indicators, which could suggest a possible development of the PSE problem, however, the meat colour and the pH values did not confirmed this. The values of pH, colour and loss of water (dripping) ascertained, processed by the T-test did not confirm the hypothesis of the assumed possible differences in occurrence of critical values of these indicators in both groups observed.
Some Properties of the Sorgenfrey Line and the Sorgenfrey Plane
Authors: Arnaud Adam St. , Rudnicki Piotr
Published: January 2014

We first provide a modified version of the proof in [3] that
the Sorgenfrey line is T1. Here, we prove that it is in fact T2, a stronger result.
Next, we prove that all subspaces of ℝ1 (that is the real line with the usual
topology) are Lindel¨of. We utilize this result in the proof that the Sorgenfrey
line is Lindel¨of, which is based on the proof found in [8]. Next, we construct the
Sorgenfrey plane, as the product topology of the Sorgenfrey line and itself. We
prove that the Sorgenfrey plane is not Lindel¨of, and therefore the product space
of two Lindel¨of spaces need not be Lindel¨of. Further, we note that the Sorgenfrey
line is regular, following from [3]:59. Next, we observe that the Sorgenfrey line is
normal since it is both regular and Lindel¨of. Finally, we prove that the Sorgenfrey
plane is not normal, and hence the product of two normal spaces need not be
normal. The proof that the Sorgenfrey plane is not normal and many of the
lemmas leading up to this result are modelled after the proof in [3], that the
Niemytzki plane is not normal. Information was also gathered from [15].
Commutativeness of Fundamental Groups of Topological Groups
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur
Published: January 2014

In this article we prove that fundamental groups based at the unit point of topological groups are commutative [11].
Constructing Binary Huffman Tree
Authors: Okazaki Hiroyuki , Futa Yuichi , Shidama Yasunari
Published: January 2014

Huffman coding is one of a most famous entropy encoding methods for lossless data compression [16]. JPEG and ZIP formats employ variants of Huffman encoding as lossless compression algorithms. Huffman coding is a bijective map from source letters into leaves of the Huffman tree constructed by the algorithm. In this article we formalize an algorithm constructing a binary code tree, Huffman tree.
Subjective evaluation of defensive behavior in the Syrian honeybee (Apis mellifera syriaca)
Authors: Zakour Mohamad Khaled , Bienefeld Kaspar
Published: January 2014

To separate gentle from defensive bee types, a rating scale is the most reliable, economical, and practical evaluation system. In initiating a breeding programme for the indigenous Syrian honeybee Apis mellifera syriaca, a typical representative of the endangered subspecies of the Middle East, multiple measurements were used to generally monitor this behavior and verify whether the international Apimondia recommendations are suitable for such subspecies. A total of 72 beekeepers and three breeding centers provided performancetesting results from 969 colonies distributed throughout 75 apiaries in Syria. Each colony was tested, on average, 4.73 times (4584 records total). The defensive behavior of A. m. syriaca was found to be very aggressive (1.48 scored by a system ranging from 1 (aggressive) to 4 (gentle)). The low repeatability (0.19) of defensive behavior estimated using restricted maximal likelihood analysis and the low and skewed variation of the trait indicate that other scoring systems are expected to be more efficient for selective breeding towards gentle behavior.
INVERTEBRATES INHABITING CULINARY HERBS GROWN UNDER COVER
Authors: Lubiarz Magdalena , Goszczyński Wojciech , Cichocka Elżbieta
Published: January 2014

The study contains the list of invertebrates collected from culinary herbs (Allium schoenoprasum, Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus sp., Petroselinum crispum, Coriandrum sativum, Artemisia dracunculus, Eruca sativa, Melissa officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Mentha xpiperita, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus sp.) in greenhouses, under plastic-film covers, and at mother farms. The study provides information about the times of the year when these invertebrates settle on the herbs, and about the specific character of cultivating such plants. Even a few individual arthropods on culinary herbs cannot be tolerated and eliminating arthropods by using chemicals is unacceptable. For these reasons, those plants on which the arthropods have settled must be removed from greenhouses and destroyed. Biological pest control is also recommended. Some species of the observed invertebrates are encountered in a greenhouse year-round (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Ovatus mentharius, Aulacorthum solani, Eupteryx sp., Trialeurodes vaporariorun, larvae of Thysanoptera) while others appear only during the periods of spring migrations (Cavariella aegopodi) or autumn migrations (Aphis fabae, Dysaphis crataegii, butterflies from the subfamily Hadeninae). Peppermint had already been inhabited by O. mentharius on mother farms, and O. mentharius probably hibernated on farms as well. Potted peppermint seedlings brought from mother farms to greenhouses had already been inhabited by that aphid species. Some invertebrates were associated with a substrate (Sciaridae) while the appearance of others coincided with the development of algae (Ephydridae: Scatella sp.).
Factors associated with recurrence of postoperative meningioma: a clinical study of 138 patients
Authors: Gobran Alfotih , Li Fang Cheng , Xu Xin Ke , Zhang Shang Yi
Published: January 2014

Background and purpose: As the postoperative recurrence of meningioma can have devastating effects, it is important to identify factors that can be used to predict this type of tumor recurrence.

Material and methods: We have performed a retrospective study involving 138 patients who were surgically treated for intracranial meningioma between 2005 and 2010. The patient population consisted of 80 females and 58 males, with an age range of 23 to 77 years old (mean age = 52 years). We measured associations between meningioma recurrence and clinical features (age, sex, extent of resection, histological type), or radiological features (tumor size, location, shape, calcification, bone changes, brain tumor interface, tumor necrosis, and MRI enhancement).

Results: We found statistically higher levels of postoperative meningioma recurrence in patients with high Simpson grade resections, high histological types, tumor diameters > 5 cm, tumors located in the base of the skull or the parasagittal sinus, tumors with unclear border, irregular enhancements on MRI, edema around the tumor, bleeding and necrosis within the tumor, and irregularly shaped tumors (e.g., lobulated or mushroom-shaped). In addition, calcification, age, sex, bone change, and dural tail sign provided no predictive value. C

onclusions: We have shown that histological type, degree of resection, bleeding, necrosis, edema, irregular enhancement, location, shape, size, and margin serve as strong predictors for the postoperative recurrence of meningioma tumors.
Fouling of nanofiltration membranes used for separation of fermented glycerol solutions
Authors: Bastrzyk Justyna , Gryta Marek , Karakulski Krzysztof
Published: January 2014

In this study, the glycerol solutions were fermented using Lactobacillus casei bacteria. The broths were pre-treated by microfiltration, followed by a further separation with nanofiltration. The latter process was carried out in two stages, using the NF270 and NF90 membranes, respectively. The concentrates thus obtained were enriched with citric acid (first stage) and then with lactic acid and glycerol (second stage). By means of SEM and AFM microscopy, as well as ATR-FTIR analysis, the intensity of membrane-fouling was studied. The colloidal fouling and bio-fouling caused a more than two-fold decrease in the permeate flux during microfiltration of the broth. This pre-treatment stage was effective, and a permeate turbidity of less than 0.2 NTU was obtained. However, the nanofiltration membranes exhibited a 30 % flux decline over the course of the process, mainly due to the organic fouling.
An Improved Neutral a-Glucosidase Assay for Assessment of Epididymal Function—Validation and Comparison to the WHO Method
Authors: Eertmans Frank , Bogaert Veerle , Van Poecke Tanita , Puype Barbara
Published: January 2014

Neutral a-glucosidase (NAG) activity in human seminal plasma is an important indicator for epididymis functionality. In the present study, the classic World Health Organization (WHO) method has been adapted to enhance assay robustness. Changes include modified enzyme reaction buffer composition and usage of an alternative enzyme inhibitor for background correction (glucose instead of castanospermine). Both methods have been tested in parallel on 144 semen samples, obtained from 94 patients/donors and 50 vasectomized men (negative control), respectively. Passing-Bablok regression analysis demonstrated equal assay performance. In terms of assay validation, analytical specificity, detection limit, measuring range, precision, and cut-off values have been calculated. These data confirm that the adapted method is a reliable, improved tool for NAG analysis in human semen.
Comparison of UTCI with Other Thermal Indices in the Assessment of Heat and Cold Effects on Cardiovascular Mortality in the Czech Republic
Authors: Urban Aleš , Kyselý Jan
Published: January 2014

We compare the recently developed Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) with other thermal indices in analysing heat- and cold-related effects on cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in two different (urban and rural) regions in the Czech Republic during the 16-year period from 1994–2009. Excess mortality is represented by the number of deaths above expected daily values, the latter being adjusted for long-term changes, annual and weekly cycles, and epidemics of influenza/acute respiratory infections. Air temperature, UTCI, Apparent Temperature (AT) and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) are applied to identify days with heat and cold stress. We found similar heat effects on CVD mortality for air temperature and the examined thermal indices. Responses of CVD mortality to cold effects as characterised by different indices were much more varied. Particularly important is the finding that air temperature provides a weak cold effect in comparison with the thermal indices in both regions, so its application—still widespread in epidemiological studies—may underestimate the magnitude of cold-related mortality. These findings are important when possible climate change effects on heat- and cold-related mortality are estimated. AT and PET appear to be more universal predictors of heat- and cold- related mortality than UTCI when both urban and rural environments are of concern. UTCI tends to select windy rather than freezing days in winter, though these show little effect on mortality in the urban population. By contrast, significant cold-related mortality in the rural region if UTCI is used shows potential for UTCI to become a useful tool in cold exposure assessments.
Tools for User-Centred Design
Authors: Case Keith
Published: January 2014

User-Centred Design aims to involve users at all stages of the design of products. Some of the basic principles are briefly considered together with their relationship to ergonomics. Tools for the application of User-Centred Design are discussed including specific tools such as digital human modelling, personas, manikin characters, inclusive design and human behavioural modelling.
Two-Dimensional Structural Topology Optimization Based on Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Qiu Guang Yu , Hu Ping , Zhou Wei
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the isogeometric analysis is applied to two-dimensional structural topology optimization instead of traditional finite element analysis. By treating the corresponding element density of knot spans as design variables, the topology optimization model is formulated based on SIMP method. Then the optimization problem is solved using the method of moving asymptotes. As demonstrated by examples, the proposed method can be used for two-dimensional topology optimization. And the results show that checkerboard patterns can be controlled.
Study and Test of Coupled Axial and Transverse Vibrations on Drillpipe for Rotary Drilling Rig
Authors: Xu Xin Xin , Jiao Sheng Jie , Cheng Jian Lian , Li Jin Ping
Published: January 2014

In order to more accurately predict the vibration characteristics of drillpipe for rotary drilling rig, dynamic model of coupled axial and transverse vibrations was established based on Hamilton variation principle and finite element theory after discussing the vibration mechanism of drillpipe. The Newmark-β method was adopted to solve the dynamic equation and the simulated vibration responses of drillpipe were calculated. The results show that the axial models yield harmonic motion. The axial displacement is quite small and the maximum amplitude of the first section is about 6×10-4 m. The transverse displacement is much larger than the axial displacement and the maximum transverse amplitude of the first section is about 0.03 m. The drillpipe of the first section of rotary drilling rig was tested. Comparing simulation results and test results, trends of the responses of axial displacement and transverse displacement have a good agreement and the simulation model is verified by the experiment.
A Reverse Solving Method of Regularization on the Calculation of Acoustic Field
Authors: Hu Hai , Wu Xin Yue , Ma Long
Published: January 2014

Based on the normalization of sample datas errors, a feasible reverse solving method of regularization is studied to avoid ill-posed problem in inverse problem. The analysis result shows that the high robustness in selection method of regularization parameters, rather than the strategy of regularization, is the key factor deciding the effectiveness of regularization.
Method of Redundant Features Eliminating Based on K-Means Clustering
Authors: Li Li Min , Wang Zhong Sheng
Published: January 2014

When diagnosing mechanical faults using multi signal features, in order to keep the most efficient signal features and eliminate redundant ones, and make the mechanical fault diagnosis achieve a balance between computational complexity and diagnostic accuracy, a redundant features eliminating method based on k-means clustering was proposed. By optimizing the result of k-means clustering we obtained weights of all the inputted features, after setting appropriate threshold, compare it with all feature weights, eliminate those features whose weight is smaller than the threshold. After compared this method with some advanced methods, it shows that when using the SVM multi-classifier for mechanical fault diagnosis, this method produces a higher accuracy; and since eliminating part of features, it makes the time needed for diagnosis shorter.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded AA7021 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Feng , Xiong Bai Qing , Zhang Yong An , Liu Hong Wei , Li Zhi Hui , Li Xi Wu , Xia Feng Bin
Published: January 2014

In this study, a laser beam welds in a Al-Zn-Mg alloy were characterized by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and tensile tests. It is found that the joint of the alloy contained three distinctive regions, i.e. fusion zone, heat affected zone and base metal region. The fusion zone consists of small grains, whose size is heterogeneously distributed. Extensive microhardness measurements were conducted in the weld regions of the nuggets exhibited a hardness loss in the fusion zone due to the loss of strengthening phases. Microstructural examination of the joints revealed typical eutectic structure was appeared in the heat-affected zone due to relative low cooling rate. Tensile properties of the joints were obtained by testing flat transverse tensile specimens, and the results indicated that tensile strength of these welds approached 76.8~77.3% of the base metal.
The Application of Multi-Feature Fusion in Remote Sensing Image Recognition
Authors: Liu Jin Mei , Chen Jing Hua
Published: January 2014

A novel method for multi-feature fusion is proposed in this paper. Spectral curve is used to represent spectral feature. Run-length is redefined to describe texture. Surface integral is introduced to express spatial feature. The fuzzy fusion theory is adopted to integrate a variety of features so as to identify remote sensing images. SPOT5 multi-spectral images were used as experimental data. Qingdao Agricultural University and its surrounding were selected as the study area. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good performance for green land, building, shadow and water, but the recognition rate of bare ground and road is not high. The even classification accuracy is satisfactory about 79.5%.
The Design of Emergency Rescue Equipment for Agricultural Motor-Pumped Wells
Authors: Wang Kai Bao , Ma Wen Kai , Meng Xian Ge , Wang Rui Feng , Wang Xing Fu
Published: January 2014

A wide variety of motor-pumped wells were used in agricultural in our daily life. Considering the service situation, the motor-pumped well was exposed to the air usually. With the condition, the falling accidents of underage children are reported frequently. It is extremely complicated to rescue the children trapped in the narrow and small space. The emergency rescue equipment based on optimization design method and dynamics analysis is introduced in the paper. This Motor-pumped well Rescue Equipment with the carrying platform can be controlled by the flexible rope to adapt to different rescue site. With the protection of umbrella support structure, the equipment completes combined action by dragging the manipulator; the equipment has been set up scalable obstacle negotiation mechanism so that it can adapt to the Motor-pumped well larger than 350 mm in diameter. In the research, the virtual prototype technology was used to simulate the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the mechanical system. The feasibility of the design scheme of mechanical system was proved with the simulation analysis results. The equipment has advantages of the structure is compact, safe and reliable, easy to use. The research of the emergency rescue equipment for agricultural motor-pumped wells can be regarded as the reference of the related research.
The Study on Automatic Extraction and Conversion of Assembly Relation
Authors: Dong Yan , Li Mei
Published: January 2014

Aim at the assembly model of three-dimensional CAD focusing on determining the geometric location relationship of parts, the constraints define of assembly being inconsistent, this paper put forward the concept of assembly relationship to describe the geometry connecting relationship between the parts. The cooperation, insert and tangent constraints of inventor assembly are converted to pasting, centering and tangency of retrieval model, and marked with the attribute. This assembly model can support retrieving assembly, realize the effective management of the model.
Analysis of Power of Underwater Cylinder Excited by Propeller/Shaft System
Authors: Ji Gang , Zhou Q. , Huang Chun Wen
Published: January 2014

To adopting means to reduce power radiated from the hull, power injected by the shaft system and that radiated by the hull are analyzed for an underwater cylinder excited by the propeller/shaft system. As the power is injected by combination of the solely acting loads on the junction and there concurrent, power transmitted by each solely acting load, radiated by the hull and the concurrent power are compared to understand the mechanism of power transmission and transformation. In the comparisons, quantities are decomposed according to circum orders to understand the radiation modes. The conclusion drawn in the paper will provide some guidance for acoustic reduction by shaft isolation design.
Modelling and Non-Linear Free Vibrations of Cable-Stayed Beam
Authors: Wang Zhi Qian
Published: January 2014

The dynamic behavior of a simple beam suspended at the other end by an inclined cable is studied. In consideration of non-linear of the beam and the cable, the equations of the cable-stayed beam are obtained with the help of the lagrangian multiplier method. The ensuing ordinary differential equation has both quadratic and cubic terms, due to geometric nonlinearities and the non-linear coupling between the cable and the beam also. Meanwhile, the boundary and connection conditions are ensured by mechanics equilibrium condition. Then setting the determinant of the coefficient matrix equal to zero, the exact eigenvalues can be given. Following, the results of the parametric analysis on the in-plane and out-of-plane eigenproblems are presented.
Simulation Analyzing for Spinner Institutions of Iron Roughneck Based on ADAMS
Authors: Zhao Xiao Ying
Published: January 2014

The structure and working principle on Spinner institutions of iron roughneck are introduced. The stress analysis on Spinner institutions is done according to the theory of mechanics and the load formula of the hydraulic cylinder is obtained. Spinner model is set up using professional three-dimensional design software: Inventor, and imported into the ADAMS for simulation analysis, the clamping force curve of spinner institutions and stress value of the key components are obtained. The article verified the correctness of the system and provided theoretical basis for the parameter setting of the system practical action and control.
The Numerical Simulation of Small Melt-Blown Machine Spinning Die Bead by Fluent
Authors: Wang Hua Qing , Yang Jian Cheng , Yang Kai , Qin Jian Feng , Bai Yu , Hu Shuang Hu , Jiang Xiu Ming
Published: January 2014

In the melt-blown nonwoven fabric technology,the design of melt blowing die drawing hot air passage is very important. The design of spinning die rely on mapping and experience currently,when forming the series are often inadequate design basis.In order to obtain the die flow of air jet flow and temperature distribution,this paper analyzes the working principle of the die head assembly and establish three basic equations of jet flow field; got jet flow field velocity profile and airflow temperature distribution,experimental results shows that airflow jet flow field simulation results by Fluent obtained are true and reliable,it can also provide references of similar design.
A Three-Phase Inspection Policy Based on a Three-Stage Failure Process
Authors: Wang Wen Bin , Wang Hui Ying , Peng Rui
Published: January 2014

This paper proposes a three-phase inspection policy model based on a three-stage failure process for a single unit system. Different from existing works which usually assume unique inspection interval, the three-phase inspection policy allows the inspection policy to change according to the identified state of the unit. The possible renewal scenarios are considered based on which the cost model is proposed. Numerical example is presented, and the results clearly reveal the advantage of the three-phase inspection policy over the unique interval inspection.
Monitor and Research of the Road Traffic Flow in the City
Authors: Gu He , Li Nian Feng , Dai Ying Fei
Published: January 2014

To establish intelligent traffic system,using better traffic flow monitoring methods is its primary task, in the paper proceed from the actual situation, proposed several methods such as based on the ground sense coil monitoring, ultrasonic monitoring and video image monitoring, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods, finally, applying these methods to a reasonable application of occasions.
Research on Initial Velocity and Penetration Ability of 50SiMnVB Steel Shell Formed Fragments
Authors: Chen Chun , Li Wei Bing , Wang Xiao Ming , Lu Hai Tao
Published: January 2014

For 50SiMnVB steel shell formed fragments, AUTODYN-3D finite element software was applied to numerical simulate the process of fragment forming. The change law of velocity distribution of 50SiMnVB steel shell formed fragments under high energy explosive charge along the warhead axial was obtained. And the maximum velocity and penetration ability of 50SiMnVB steel shell formed fragments was researched by experiment. The result shows that, the whole process of shell breaking is about 70μs, and the velocity of shell expanding during it can be distributed to three phases called librating, accelerating and stability. The minimum initial velocity of fragments appears at where approaching detonation point, and its quantity is about 931.7m/s; The maximum initial velocity appears at where away from detonation point about 60% cylinder length, and its quantity is about 1488.3m/s. When fragment group penetrates 5mm thickness armor steel target with 1215m/s, its penetration probability is about 46.2%.
Structure Design and Mechanics Calculation of Aqueduct Model
Authors: Li Xue Chen , Chen Peng , Ye Yong , Wang Cheng Hao
Published: January 2014

Aqueduct is a conveyance structure which can across the channel, depressions, roads and railways and its conveyance water system is mainly composed of bridges, tunnels or ditch. Aqueduct is widely used in hydraulic engineering, and plays a role in irrigation ,water delivery , drainage and desilting. A large aqueduct can also be used for navigation. In the paper, based on the aqueduct design, aqueduct model making, aqueduct structure calculation and static load experiment, the whole process of design and calculation of continuous beam truss aqueduct model are performed, and the analysis of its mechanical properties are also carried on. These results are useful for the practical application of aqueduct structure.
Critical Seismic Response Analysis of Skew Bridges
Authors: Lu Ming Qi , Guo Shao Qin
Published: January 2014

The complexity of seismic response for skew bridge rises higher seismic-vulnerability relatively in comparison with right bridge. One of the parameters that directly affects the seismic response on a skew bridge is the excitation angle of the ground motion [. This paper investigates the effects of seismic force direction on the responses of skew bridges without considering impact effect in time history nonlinear dynamic analyses. The combination rules for orthogonal earthquake effects, such as the 100/ 30, 100/40 percentage rules and the SRSS method are also examined. It is concluded that the angle of excitation that produces the critical responses depends both on the ground motion and bridge characteristics, and the three combination rules are all relatively conservative, a new formula which considers the influence of skew angle and excitation angle of the ground motion is suggested.
Numerical Simulation on Propagation Mechanism of Hydraulic Fracture in Fractured Rockmass
Authors: Men Xiao Xi , Tang C.A. , Han Zhi Hui
Published: January 2014

Hydraulic fracturing process in fractured rockmass which with an existing single natural fracture at its various conditions: its different angles and different lengths was simulated by using RFPA2D(2.0)-Flow version which adopts the finite element method and considers the heterogeneous characteristics of rock in meso-scale, creates seepage-stress-failure coupling model. The effect tendency of natural fractures angle and length on the seepage characteristics of fractured rockmass was given through the description of tensile fracture initiation and propagation in the rock specimens. The simulation results show that the effect of these two factors on fractures initiation, propagation and rockmass stability under the hydraulic fracturing could be remarkable.
Numerical Simulations on Effects of Unloading on Occurrence of Rock Lateral Cracks
Authors: Chen Pei Qi , Cui Jin Tao , Zhou Xiao Jie
Published: January 2014

This paper performed numerical simulations of effects of unloading on occurrence of rock lateral cracks by using the numerical analysis software. The results indicate that the probability of median cracks and Hertz cracks occurrence was decreased due to the residual stress caused by stress mismatch during unloading, while the probability of lateral cracks occurrence was increased. The lateral cracks were tended to occur with the increasing of the amount of unloading and confining pressure. And the initiation direction of lateral cracks is more parallel to the rock surface, although the initiation direction became the same at the end. The relative positions of lateral cracks occurred were more concentrated during unloading process under the same confining pressure.
Experimental Study on the Flexural Impact Properties of Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Niu Jian Gang , Wu Bin , Bao Jian
Published: January 2014

Through experimental study on the flexural impact properties of different dosage of plastic-steel fiber and steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, the results show that energy dissipation of cracking and damaging of steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete increase with the increase of fiber ratio. However, energy dissipation of cracking and damaging of plastic-steel fiber concrete increases in early stage and decreases later with the increase of plastic-steel fibers. Enhancement effect of energy dissipation of damaging of plastic-steel fiber is higher than steel fibers.
Research on the Structure of Eco-Green Space in Urumqi by Remote Sensing
Authors: Ye Zhang Huang , Yan Qiang , Li Yong , Xin Jiang , Li Xiao Dong
Published: January 2014

A study has been carried out to investigate and analyze the structure of the ecological green space in Urumqi with techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geography Information System (GIS). Combination of multi-band of TM image has tried in the study to interpreter the green space in Urumqi, which could draw the information on urban ecological green space accurately. On the basis of the results of rational classification, the structural characteristics of ecological green space in Urumqi have been analyzed and the existing problems have been discussed, finally the strategies and measures that should be taken in future have been put forward for building better ecological green space in Urumqi.
Application of Systematical Optimization GM(1,1) Model Based on Lifting Wavelet in Dam Displacement Forecast
Authors: Zheng Ke Hong , Wang Zhi Qiang
Published: January 2014

A new GM(1,1) model is proposed in the paper thinking about of the influence of the traditional modeling accuracy bias of subjective modeling and noise interfere. Using the new model, the noisy part of monitoring data could be deleted and prediction error could be decreased. At the same time, the constraint conditions of minimum fitting error sum of squares of each variable during once accumulation is raised to build and optimize a prediction model with optimal initial values based on the Principle of Least Squares. Moreover, the new GM(1,1) model is established by improving the background value and gray value with consideration of systematical optimization. Finally through the practical case, the results show that the calculation result of using the new GM(1,1) model is smaller and the accuracy is higher than using the traditional model.
Damage Detection of Cantilever Beams Based on Derivatives of Mode Shapes
Authors: Guo Jin Quan , Ou Fen Lan , Zhong Jian Feng , Zhong Shun Cong , Yang Xiao Xiang , Yao Li Gang
Published: January 2014

For the small crack detection (crack ration less than 5%), the derivatives of mode shapes of cantilever beams were used for crack detection in the beams. These derivatives consist of the slope, curvature and rate of curvature, which are the first, second and third derivatives of the displacement mode shape respectively. The presence of a crack results in a slight change in the mode shape of a structure which is manifested as a small discontinuity in the response at the crack location. It is hard to detect small cracks in beams using the direct data of mode shape change. But when the first, second and third derivatives of the displacement mode shape, that is the slope, curvature and rate of curvature, respectively, of the cracked cantilever beam provide a progressively better indication of the presence of a crack. However, `noise' effects due to the difference approximation error also begin to be magnified at higher derivatives so that it is not advantageous to go beyond the third derivatives of mode shapes. For the intact beam, these derivatives are smooth curves. So the local peaks or discontinuity on the slope, curvature and rate of curvature modal curves can be used to indicate abnormal mode shape changes at those positions. In this way, these local peak positions can be used to detect and locate cracks in the structure. The modal responses of the damaged and intact cantilever beams used were computed using the finite element method.
Research Reconfiguration Method for Warship Power System Based on Graph Trace Analysis and Generic Algorithms
Authors: Shang An Li , Xia Li , Wang Zheng
Published: January 2014

The electric power network reconfiguration of warship integrated power system is one of the most important methods to restore power supply and improve survivability of shipboards under fault. The reconfiguration method based on graph trace analysis (GTA) and generic algorithms is proposed for warship integrated power system in order to maximize the number of served loads with highest priority under fault. Simulation results have demonstrated that is method is able to reach target configurations.
Detecting Tower Crane with Multi-Features
Authors: Yin Hai Ming
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for tower crane detection in images with multi-feature analysis. The image will be segmented into several objects first, and then for each object, its color, texture and geometric features are extracted, and at last, all features extracted are fed to a trained SVM to generate the final judgment. Experiments show that our algorithm can detect tower crane in images with high recall and precision.
Simulation for Dynamics of Leaf Based on a 1/ƒ Noise Method
Authors: Li Bei Bei , Zhao Zhi Hong
Published: January 2014

This study addresses a method for simulating a leaf dynamics on the basis of a 1/fnoise method. Firstly, a 1/fnoise with linear varying amplitude is used to simulate a selected leaf boundary detected and recognized. Secondly, a sample points operation is employed within its boundary after a corresponding reprocess is adopted, and then the corresponding body within its boundary is capable of being simulated. Finally, simulation for the leaf dynamics may be completed by using a dynamically rotating coordinates method. The experimental results show that this method has a better capability and can be used to realize simulation for the leaves with regular shapes to some extent.
Exploration of the Relationship of the Voltage Critical Clearing Time and the Voltage Transient Transmission Capacity
Authors: Liu Bing , Meng Jie , Yang Zhen , Wang Ying , Xie Hua Zhi , Zhang Wen Chao , He Cheng Ming , Deng Xiang Yang
Published: January 2014

Both the voltage critical clearing time (VCCT) and the voltage transient transmission capacity (VTTC) are always used to evaluate the stability of the system transient voltage, and their relationships are studied and clarified in the paper. The stability of the transient voltage is mainly depended on the dynamic reactive characteristics of load and the transmission characteristics of voltage and power. Based on the analysis on the dynamic reactive characteristics of load and the transmission characteristics of a power transmission network, the characteristics of the VCCT and the VTTC are studied in this paper. Finally, a conclusion, i.e. the margin of the VCCT and the VTTC has a nonlinear characteristic, is obtained by simulations on the actual power grid. According to the conclusion, the voltage stability cannot be exactly reflected by the VCCT margin.
Effect of Manganese Dioxide on Structure and Compressive Strength of Foam Glass
Authors: Wu Long , Zhao Yi Hong , Chen Rong Fa , Yang Hua , Li Qing Qing , Li Zhi Long , Lu Hua Feng
Published: January 2014

The MnO2 was used as foaming agent to produce the glass foams in this paper. The macro morphology, physical properties and the metallurgical structure were discussed in detail by the modern means of DTA, SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that the less dense and more uniform pore size of foam glass was prepared, and the good mechanical properties were obtained. And the main crystal was quartz, nepheline and albite by the XRD method.
Effects of Double Glazing on the Performance of a Solar Thermal Collector
Authors: Ihaddadène Nabila , Ihaddadène Razika , Mahdi Azzeddine
Published: January 2014

In this research document, an attempt has been made to come across the effect of double glazing on the efficiency of a solar thermal collector. Experiments were performed on an active solar energy demonstration system (ET 200). Commercial glass pane of 3 mm thick having the same dimensions as that of the apparatus was placed above the collector at a distance of 2 cm. Tests were done with and without the added glass. Experiments were performed for double glazing with two positions of the light meter. In one position, it was placed in the middle of the collector surface. While, in the other, the light meter was placed in the middle of the added glass. To study the effect of double glazing on the performance of the solar collector ET200, the correct position of the light meter was to place it exactly in the middle of the additional pane under the lamp. Double glazing decreased the efficiency of the collector of 15%.
Experimental and Validation of Photovoltaic Solar Cell Performance Models in Desert Climate
Authors: Aoun Nouar , Chenni Rachid , Bouchouicha Kada
Published: January 2014

This paper presents investigation of the performance and efficiency characteristic of the five-parameter model of photovoltaic module at desert environment. Experimental data under outdoor conditions can be given by the realistic mono-crystalline PV-panel operations in desert climate in the region of Adrar (0.18 W, 27.82 N), Algeria, and was studied. The available technical data over a period of three consecutive days include solar radiation, ambient temperature, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point current and the actual electrical output power. Finally, we compared and analyzed the modeled results and the actual experimental measurements. A good agreement between the simulated results and the field data are found.
Research on Prediction Model of Discharge Voltage under High-Altitude Condition Based on BP ANN
Authors: Luo Xiao Qing , Huo Feng , Ye Qi Ming
Published: January 2014

To obtain a mathematical model capable of predicting the 50% discharge voltage of air-gap under high-altitude conditions, we used the test results of air-gap in high altitude areas to establish the 50% discharge voltage BP neural network model of air-gap under high-altitude conditions. We used the model to forecast the 50% discharge voltage of air-gap under high-altitude conditions. The result shows that the maximum error between forecast voltage and test voltage is 1.42%, which certificates the possibility of using the neural network to build the multidimensional and nonlinear relationship between the environmental factors and discharge voltage. At the same time, we can simulate and analyze the effect of environmental factors on discharge voltage of air-gap with the help of model that we established, analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity and atmosphere pressure, and discharge voltage of air-gap.
Management System of Transmission Line Passage Protection Based on Web Map Service
Authors: Jiang Hui Lan , Zheng Shuang Qi , Li Ning
Published: January 2014

To improve the management level of latent troubles that perhaps happened in transmission line passage, a transmission line passage protection system (TLPPS) based on web map service is developed in this paper. In this system whose structure is selected as B/S, Baidu Maps API is creatively used to construct the Web GIS platform and its network database is built by Microsoft SQL Server 2005. Android mobile APP by Java is designed to exchange latent troubles information with network database. The system can achieve latent troubles information real-time uploaded, displayed on map, queried and other management of the entire process.
The Study about Combustion and Emission Characteristics of n-Butanol/Diesel Fuel Mixture
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhu Li Li , Wang Zhan Cheng , Xu Bin , Wang Hong Ming
Published: January 2014

Experiment of fuel combustion and emission characteristics was carried on a turbocharged intercooled electronically controlled high pressure common rail diesel engine with n-butanol/diesel blends, then the results of experiment were compared and analyzed. The results show that with the adding of n-butanol, the maximum combustion pressure gradually increases and the maximum heat release rate gradually reduces; compared with diesel, CO emissions of the blends are slightly lower and decrease with the increasing load; HC emissions of the mixture fuel are higher and decrease first then increase with the increasing load; at 2000rpm, NOX emissions of the blends are a little lower than the pure diesel in small loads but higher in other loads, and increase with the adding of the load.
Biodiesel Production Unit from Lab Scale to Industrial Pilot Plant: Material and Energy Balance
Authors: Awad Sary , Tazerout Mohand
Published: January 2014

The modern society is, nowadays, facing two major problems: the energy sources depletion and the degradation of the ecologic system because of wastes rejection. The energetic valorization of wastes contributes on the resolution of both problems.
In the present work, a feasibility study of an industrial pilot scale installation for the production of biodiesel from waste grease traps is lead. The installation is meant to transform 1000 tons of fat trap grease per year to biodiesel by transesterification. The daily production of the unit reaches 3200 l of biodiesel. All necessary equipments were sized following process engineering design and based on lab scale optimization experiments. Installation energy balance was also realized and it showed that the energy required for the installation functioning does not exceed 3.5% of the heating value of produced biodiesel.
A New Differential Relay Framework for Power Transformer
Authors: Bouderbala Rachid , Bentarzi Hamid
Published: January 2014

A differential relay that is very sensitive relay operating even at its limits may be used for protecting a power transformer. However, this characteristic may lead to unnecessary tripping due to transient currents. In order to avoid this unnecessary tripping, estimated harmonics of these currents may be required which need great computation efforts. In this paper, a new frame work is proposed using PC interfaced with a data acquisition card AD622, which acquires real-time signals of the currents, process them numerically in the computer and outputs tripping signal to the circuit breaker. All algorithms of differential protection function and blocking techniques have been implemented using the Simulink/Matlab. To validate the present work, the performance of developed relay is tested by signals generated by Simulink/MATLAB simulator under different conditions. The test results show that this proposed scheme provides good discrimination between the transient currents and the internal fault currents.
Study on Frequency Characteristics of Valve in Heat Metering Control System
Authors: Pang Yan Rong , Li Xing Ru , Liang Yu Jiao , Fang Li De , Cao Suo Sheng , Song Zhan Biao
Published: January 2014

This paper has propose a new metering control system. From the control system, analysis the valve characteristics of heat metering control system. In the design of new heating metering control system, it is critical for electric valve closes when the appropriate degree of opening. Determine the adjustable range of indoor temperature,indoor the most at operating frequency, temperature and other indicators of the dynamic response time. In this paper, the mathematical model of the room heating calculation based on device characteristics through an example for solving typical temperature and time as a function of flow rate. The instantaneous heat dissipation radiator heat in the room, the electric valve to maintain the closed state. when the room temperature is not lower than the lower limit. By analysis the flow,when the coefficient is 0.59, the total cumulative time calories minimum number of the electric valve operations tends to 0, the system is the most efficient.