bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposed Hypothesis of TWEAK/Fn14 Receptor Modulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Khan Heena , Rihal Vivek , Kaur Amarjot , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: October 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex,
multiple etiology that is marked by impaired social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviour.
There is presently no pharmaceutical treatment for the core symptoms of ASD, even
though the prevalence of ASD is increasing worldwide. Treatment of autism spectrum disorder involves
the interaction of numerous signalling pathways, such as the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, probiotics
and kynurenine pathway, PPAR pathway, PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, Hedgehog signaling
pathway, etc. The scientific literature has revealed TWEAK/Fn14 to not be explored in the autism
spectrum disorder. In vitro and in vivo, TWEAK can control a wide range of cellular responses. Recent
research has revealed that TWEAK and Fn14 are expressed in the Central Nervous System
(CNS) and upregulated in perivascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia in response
to various stimuli, including cerebral ischemia. This upregulation is followed by cell death
and an increase in Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) permeability. The study has revealed that Aurintricarboxylic
Acid (ATA) acts as an agent that suppresses TWEAK/Fn14 signaling. Similarly, from the
discussion, it has been emphasized that the proposed molecular TWEAK/Fn14 signalling pathway
can be considered as a therapeutic approach in the management of autism spectrum disorder.
Tanshinone IIA Regulates NRF2/NLRP3 Signal Pathway to Restrain Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Uric Acid-Induced HK-2 Fibrotic Models
Authors: Zhang Weiliang , Feng Jiashu , Liu Ruiqi , Xiang Ting , Wu Xinlin
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

This study aims to investigate the function and potential mechanism of
Tanshinone IIA in uric acid-induced HK-2 fibrosis models

Materials and Methods:

An in vitro model of fibrosis was constructed using uric acid stimulation.
RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The detection
of ROS and ELISA assay were used to analyze the changes in oxidative stress.

Results:

Tanshinone IIA inhibited the increase in inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6,
and IL-18 and the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by uric acid stimulation. In addition,
Tanshinone IIA treatment reduced the production of ROS and MDA, promoting the expression
of SOD and CAT, thereby protecting HK-2 cells from oxidative stress damage. Besides, the
expression of TGF-β, FN, and COL-1 was significantly reduced by the treatment of Tanshinone
IIA. Mechanistically, Tanshinone IIA inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the
formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting NRF2.

Conclusion:

Tanshinone IIA exerts a protective role in uric acid-induced HK-2 fibrosis models by
targeting the NRF2-NLRP3 signaling pathway to reduce the occurrence of inflammation and
oxidative stress.
Comparative Study on the Genetic Architecture of Type 2 Diabetes in Indian and Other Ethnic Groups: A Review
Authors: Singh Jyotsna , Tripathi Vijay , Kumar Nachimuthu Senthil , Kant Rajiv , Lal Jonathan A.
Published: October 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition of metabolism that impacts
people worldwide regardless of country, age group, and gender. In addition to a sedentary
lifestyle, genetic susceptibility, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms, is implicated
in the emergence and progression of T2DM. This study compares the genetic variants
of the Indian population with three other ethnic cohorts: African, European, and Chinese.
Based on the literature survey, common and unique Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
(SNPs) and genes were explored in different Populations, including PPARG, TCF7L2,
THADA, CDKN2A, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, HHEX and CDKAL1. Identifying common and
specific markers may help in risk prediction and early detection of T2DM. In conclusion,
this comparative study of T2DM-susceptible SNPs in Indian and other ethnic groups
highlights the complexity and diversity of genetic factors contributing to T2DM. By
shedding light on the similarities and disparities in genetic predisposition across populations,
this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop more effective and tailored
approaches for managing and avoiding T2DM in diverse global populations.
Flexibilizing Mechanisms of Spinel-, Hercynite-, Galaxite-, and Chromite-Containing Basic Refractories for Cement Rotary Kilns
Authors: Guo Zongqi , Ding Qiang , Ding Haiwei , Dai Yajie , Dang Xiaomei , Gao Jianying , Yuan Wenjie
Published: October 2024

Background:

Refractory linings of cement rotary kilns are subjected to severe
thermomechanical stresses of cranking, ovality, tyre hooping/migration, and uneven thermal
distribution. An insistent demand is to discover the significance of spinel, hercynite,
galaxite, and chromite in magnesia refractories, as well as their flexibilizing mechanisms.

Objectives:

The objectives are to compare the fracture behavior of magnesia–spinel, –
hercynite, -galaxite, and -chromite refractories and to unveil the flexibilizing mechanisms
of different spinels.

Methods:

The wedge-splitting test is carried out to produce various fracture parameters.
Their flexibilizing mechanisms are unveiled by performing microstructural observations
and analyses.

Results:

Various fracture parameters are obtained, including specific fracture energy, brittleness
number, characteristic crack length, and thermal-shock resistance parameter. Generally,
magnesia–hercynite bricks and magnesia–galaxite bricks have demonstrated the
obvious advantages of fracture resistance, which are more flexible than magnesia–spinel
bricks and magnesia–chromite bricks.

Conclusion:

The flexibility of magnesia–spinel bricks is attributed to microcracks generated
from the thermal mismatch between spinel grains and surrounding periclase, which is
recognized as the thermal-expansion mismatch mechanism. In magnesia–hercynite and
magnesia-galaxite refractories, the active-ion-diffusion mechanism is predominant beyond
similar microcracks, to drive the flexibility by the continuous diffusion of Fe2+, Mn2+, and
Mg2+ during high-temperature processes. In magnesia–chromite bricks, the pore rims contribute
to the flexibility as a silicate-migration mechanism, after silicate envelopes first
arise around chromite grains and then vanish into the surrounding magnesia by the suction
of capillary force during the burning process.
Himalayan Sheep Wool Reinforced Composite- A Novel Sustainable Material for Future
Authors: Rattan Nav , Kaushik Aakanksha J , Kumar Ajay , Phanden Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Ashwini , Goyat Vikas
Published: October 2024

Background:

Sheep wool-reinforced composites offer a sustainable alternative
with diverse applications. This study explores their properties, focusing on water
absorption behavior and contact angle measurements.

Objective:

To investigate the properties of sheep wool-reinforced composites and evaluate
their suitability for moisture-sensitive environments, with potential for patent protection.

Methods:

Wool fibres, known for their hydrophilic nature, were modified to be hydrophobic
and incorporated into epoxy resin matrices. Different weaving patterns
were utilized to create fibre mats reinforcing epoxy composites.

Results:

2D plane weaving reinforcements exhibited superior in-plane properties
compared to other reinforcements. Utilizing environmental sources like sheep wool in
epoxy composites offers advantages such as low density, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability,
potentially patentable innovations.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates the developed composites' excellent resistance
to water absorption, making them viable for moisture-sensitive applications. Contact
angle measurements suggest strong interfacial adhesion between wool fibres and the
epoxy matrix, highlighting patent-worthy advancements. These findings underscore the
potential of sheep wool-reinforced composites in sustainable and moisture-resistant applications
across various industries, including automotive, construction, and consumer
goods, emphasizing the importance of patent protection for innovative technologies.
Assessing the Efficacy and Challenges of Tofacitinib in the Management of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Dara Tahereh , Zabihi Mohsen , Hoseinzade Farahnaz , Radandish Mohammad Reza , Saghafi Fatemeh
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

Global healthcare faces challenges in combating COVID-19, with rising cases
despite widespread vaccination. Severe COVID-19 cases, marked by acute respiratory distress and
cytokine release syndrome, highlight the importance of managing cytokine storms. Janus kinase
(JAK) inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, show promise in this regard. While tofacitinib is recommended
for severe cases, challenges include adverse effects, conflicting studies, and the need for further investigation
of new virus strains. Overcoming these hurdles is crucial for developing an effective
treatment protocol and reducing COVID-19 mortality.

Methods:

This study conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of
Science for observational studies on tofacitinib treatment in human adults with COVID-19. The
search covered a specified period up to 2024. Data extraction, including study characteristics and
quality assessment, employed the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and a modified Cochrane tool. Statistical
analysis, conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software, assessed heterogeneity and significance
levels.

Results:

The meta-analysis of the three studies showed a significant reduction in mortality (Risk Ratio:
0.372, 95% CI: 0.213–0.649, P-value = 0.001) with low heterogeneity (Cochrane P-value =
0.793), while no significant reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation was observed (Cochrane
P-value = 0.194).

Conclusion:

Tofacitinib administration shows a significant reduction in COVID-19 mortality. However,
the limited studies on its efficacy highlight the need for cautious interpretation in clinical assessments.
Evaluation of a Novel Streptomyces avermitilis Strain from Egyptian Soil for Biological Control of Tetranychus urticae in Greenhouse Cucumber Plantations
Authors: Saied Norhan A , Yaseen R. , Mostafa Amal A. , Barghout Marwa E. , Ahmed Rasha H. , Amin Basma H. , Ali M.A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Infestation in greenhouse cucumber with the two-spotted spider
mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) commonly causes severe damage to crop quality and
quantity and increases crop production costs.

Objective:

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of high-abamectinproducing
isolates of S. avermitilis against T. urticae-infested cucumber and to assess
their impact on biochemical stress markers in these vegetables.

Methods:

In this study, 72 non-antagonistic Streptomyces were isolated from rhizospheric
soil samples collected from eight different locations in Egypt and screened for their
ability to produce the secondary metabolite, abamectin

Results:

The screening process identified two potent abamectin-producing isolates, EW8
and T2, which produced 42.7 and 29.6 μg/L abamectin, respectively, as confirmed by
LC-MS/MS analysis. According to DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, these
two isolates belong to the species S. avermitilis. The acaricidal activity of either culture
suspensions of S. avermitilis strains WE8 and T2, or their extracts containing abamectin,
against the mobile stages and egg hatchability of T. urticae was evaluated in the laboratory
and the greenhouse. Data on the mortality among the examined female mites and the
reduction in their number of eggs point out a potential acaricidal activity of the examined
strains of S. avermitilis and their extracts containing abamectin against T. urticaes. Furthermore,
the extracts containing abamectin from these two S. avermitilis strains induced
oxidative stress in the infested cucumber plants by T. urticaes, as indicated by increased
levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, the levels of MDA in T. urticae-infested
cucumber plants varied depending on the strain and the specific abamectin crude extract
used.

Conclusion:

S. avermitilis strains T2 or WE8, or their crude extract could be applied in
greenhouse cucumber plantations to combat red mite infestation (Fig. 1).
Redefining Chronic Disease Care: Unleashing the Potential of
Phytomedicines
Authors: Siddiqui Tohfa , Sharma Vikram , Kumar Sakshi , Gupta Komal
Published: October 2024

Phytomedicines represent a diverse array of plant-derived compounds renowned
for their therapeutic potential. Traditionally, these mixtures were extracted using water or ethanol, but simpler methods like tea infusions are gaining prominence. However, ensuring the
efficacy and safety of phytomedicines demands high-quality plant material and stringent production processes. Advancements in biological screening techniques have shed light on the
mechanisms of action of phytomedicines, emphasizing the significance of synergistic interactions among their constituents. Ten widely-used phytomedicines are outlined, detailing their
applications, efficacy, and safety profiles, underscoring their global importance in healthcare.
Moreover, ongoing research in phytomedicine development showcases the rich biodiversity's
capacity to yield novel medicinal compounds. These studies highlight the potential of untapped plant sources in providing innovative solutions to medical challenges, offering promising avenues for future therapeutics. In essence, the utilization of phytomedicines underscores
a fusion of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches, emphasizing both the
importance of respecting ancient remedies and harnessing contemporary advancements for
improved healthcare outcomes.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and its Treatment with Natural Products
Authors: Dönmez Ceylan , Ayaz Fatma , Eruygur Nuraniye
Published: October 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes myelination
defects and axonal impairment in the central nervous (CNS) system, causing inhibition
of electrical transmission. The disease's typical symptoms include stiffness, persistent
discomfort, exhaustion, motor and mobility problems, and cognitive deficits. Although
immunosuppressive and immune-modulating medications have been the fundamental
basis of MS treatment, there is currently no known treatment for the disease. Herbaloriginated therapies are now being considered a possible therapeutic option for MS by
using medicinal plant extracts or phytochemicals. Numerous research works have
emphasized the medicinal herbs' anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which
make them a natural treatment for MS. According to the literature, several plants, such
as hemp, turmeric, ginkgo, St. John's wort, black cumin, ginseng, and ginger have been
reported to have various therapeutic effects in MS patients. Otherwise, the most
promising substances that have been suggested to treat MS symptoms include
curcumin, resveratrol, cannabinoids, apigenin, omega 3, and vitamin D. In this chapter,
we compiled medicinal plants, and phytochemicals that have potential effects on MS. It
is suggested that clinical trials were conducted on MS patients with medicinal plants,
which were prominent in vivo findings. We also advise further research in this field to
identify the precise active ingredients present in these extracts for the best composition
necessary for the intended therapeutic effect.
Vitamin D and Melanoma
Authors: Alnaqbi Shaikha , Dheir Noor Abu , Papandreou Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

Melanoma, a malignant tumor of the skin, is a major health concern
worldwide, with increased incidence rates especially among fair-skinned individuals.
This section investigates the complex connection between vitamin D and melanoma,
offering insight to vitamin D's numerous functions in both skin health and prevention
of cancer. Vitamin D, which is largely synthesized in the skin in response to ultraviolet
B (UVB) radiation, has important activities beyond mineral homeostasis, such as
immunological regulation and tumor suppression. Considering its potential preventive
effects, the processes behind vitamin D's influence on the likelihood of melanoma and
progression are complex and require further research. Observational studies indicate a
possible adverse link between vitamin D levels and melanoma risk, while causality and
appropriate supplementing regimens are unclear. Genetic differences in vitamin D
receptors and metabolic enzymes may also influence an individual's vulnerability to
melanoma. Melanoma risk reduction strategies include a broad approach, including
limiting UV exposure, supplementing the diet, and considering genetics. This review
summarizes the current investigation into vitamin D's complex interaction with
melanoma, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive measures to maximize its
efficacy in melanoma prevention and care.
Ionel, Lucian: Sinn und Begriff: Negativität bei Hegel und Heidegger.
Authors: Pfeiffer Robert
Published: October 2024

Rezension von: Ionel, Lucian: Sinn und Begriff: Negativität bei Hegel und Heidegger. Berlin: De Gruyter. 2020. 333 Seiten.
Modelo de gestión financiera para toma de decisiones en microempresas de Ambato-Tungurahua
Authors: Tipán Masaquiza Alexandra , Abril Flores Jorge Francisco
Published: October 2024

A nivel de empresas sobresale la gestión financiera como un proceso que permite analizar el desempeño económico de una compañía. Es por ello que esta investigación propone un modelo de gestión financiera como herramienta para la adecuada toma de decisiones en las microempresas de Ambato-Tungurahua. En ese sentido, se utilizó métodos teóricos y descriptivo que detallan lo relacionado con gestión financiera y un modelo para la toma de decisiones en función de cinco etapas: diagnóstico, planificación, control, evaluación y delimitación; lo cual contribuya a la rentabilidad y solvencia empresarial. En definitiva, la investigación refleja que la gestión financiera es una herramienta esencial en microempresas debido a que permite mejorar los niveles de eficiencia, analizar indicadores financieros, garantizar el alcance de objetivos, y sostener la operatividad en el mercado.
Emotional demonstration (EMO DEMO) to improve exclusive breastfeeding: literature review
Authors: Sembiring Gaipyana , Damayani Ayi Diah , Yunus Endriyani Martina , Pinaremas Annisa Sali
Published: October 2024

Background: Suboptimal breastfeeding practices cause 823,000 deaths in children under 5 years of age and 20,000 deaths in women due to breast cancer in the world every year. The Government's program to increase coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is contained in the 10 Steps Towards Successful Breastfeeding (LMKM) which states that health workers are required to provide exclusive breastfeeding education to mothers from the antenatal period. An Emo Demo is a way to convey nutritional messages with a behavior change communication strategy that uses Behavior Centered Design (BCD).

Objectives: This literature review aims to analyze the effect of exclusive breastfeeding education using the emotional demonstration method (EMO DEMO) on exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods: This research method is a literature review using PRISMA analysis with the PUBMED, Science Direct, Proquest, Springer, and Google Scholar databases from 2019-2023. The inclusion criteria in this Literature Review are using a period from 2019-2023. the type of article is original research. The exclusion criteria in this literature review are research subjects other than pregnant women, mothers who have children under 2 years old, and health cadres.

Results: Exclusive breastfeeding education using the emo demo method increases knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and exclusive breastfeeding. Emotional demonstration training increases cadres' knowledge and skills in providing exclusive breastfeeding education.

Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding education innovations with emotional demonstration methods will help the government accelerate optimal breastfeeding practices to improve maternal and child health in Indonesia. It is hoped that health workers can apply the emo demo method in providing exclusive breastfeeding education.

 
Snowball Group Usability Testing for Rapid and Iterative Multisite Tool Development: Method Development Study
Authors: Dauber-Decker Katherine L , Feldstein David , Hess Rachel , Mann Devin , Kim Eun Ji , Gautam-Goyal Pranisha , Solomon Jeffrey , Khan Sundas , Malik Fatima , Xu Lynn , Huffman Ainsley , Smith Paul D , Halm Wendy , Yuroff Alice , Richardson Safiya
Published: October 2024

Background

Usability testing is valuable for assessing a new tool or system’s usefulness and ease-of-use. Several established methods of usability testing exist, including think-aloud testing. Although usability testing has been shown to be crucial for successful clinical decision support (CDS) tool development, it is often difficult to conduct across multisite development projects due to its time- and labor-intensiveness, cost, and the skills required to conduct the testing.

Objective

Our objective was to develop a new method of usability testing that would enable efficient acquisition and dissemination of results among multiple sites. We sought to address the existing barriers to successfully completing usability testing during CDS tool development.

Methods

We combined individual think-aloud testing and focus groups into one session and performed sessions serially across 4 sites (snowball group usability testing) to assess the usability of two CDS tools designed for use by nurses in primary and urgent care settings. We recorded each session and took notes in a standardized format. Each site shared feedback from their individual sessions with the other sites in the study so that they could incorporate that feedback into their tools prior to their own testing sessions.

Results

The group testing and snowballing components of our new usability testing method proved to be highly beneficial. We identified 3 main benefits of snowball group usability testing. First, by interviewing several participants in a single session rather than individuals over the course of weeks, each site was able to quickly obtain their usability feedback. Second, combining the individualized think-aloud component with a focus group component in the same session helped study teams to more easily notice similarities in feedback among participants and to discuss and act upon suggestions efficiently. Third, conducting usability testing in series across sites allowed study teams to incorporate feedback based on previous sites’ sessions prior to conducting their own testing.

Conclusions

Snowball group usability testing provides an efficient method of obtaining multisite feedback on newly developed tools and systems, while addressing barriers typically associated with traditional usability testing methods. This method can be applied to test a wide variety of tools, including CDS tools, prior to launch so that they can be efficiently optimized.
Mobile Phone App to Promote Lifestyle Change in People at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Feasibility 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Skoglund Gyri , Hilde Gunvor , Lunde Pernille , Cruz Naceno Venessa Vera , Fromholt Olsen Cecilie , Blakstad Nilsson Birgitta
Published: October 2024

Background

The use of mobile health interventions, such as apps, are proposed to meet the challenges faced by preventive health care services due to the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, we developed and conducted initial feasibility testing of the Plunde app for promoting and monitoring individual goals related to lifestyle change for people at risk of T2D.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of an app for promoting lifestyle change in people at risk of T2D. The secondary aim was to assess recruitment rate, resource requirements, and change in potential outcomes for a full scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) study .

Methods

A 3-arm feasibility RCT lasting 12 weeks was designed. Participants were recruited from 9 general practitioners in Norway. Eligible participants were randomized to either (1) app follow-up; (2) app follow-up and referral to care as usual in Healthy Life Centers; or (3) referral to care as usual in a Healthy Life Center, only. The primary outcome was feasibility and was measured by app adherence (actual usage of the app), the System Usability Scale, and app motivation score gained from a questionnaire designed for this study. Criteria for success were preset based on these measures. Secondary outcomes included recruitment rate, resource requirements, and potential primary outcomes of a full-scale RCT. This included change in body weight, waist circumference, and self-evaluated functional health status, assessed with the Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Research Network/World Organization of Family Doctors (COOP/WONCA) functional health assessment chart.

Results

Within 8 months, 9 general practitioners recruited a total of 54 participants, of which 45 were eligble for participation in the study. Mean age was 61 (SD 13) years and 53% (n=24) were female. App adherence was 86%, the mean System Usability Scale score was 87.3 (SD 11.9), and the mean app motivation score was 74.8 (SD 30.3). Throughout the intervention period, health care professionals spent on average 3.0 (SD 1.0) minutes per participant per week providing follow-up. Statistically significant reduction in body weight and waist circumference was shown in group 1 and 3.

Conclusions

Based on the preset criteria for success, the Plunde app is feasible in providing support for lifestyle change. The Plunde app had excellent user satisfaction. The amount of time spent on monitoring and promoting lifestyle change through the app was low; however, the recruitment was slow. Results from this study will guide the development of further research within this field.
An Analysis of Human Nature in Fromm's Humanistic Thought
Authors: Xu Yan
Published: October 2024

In contemporary society, the problem of human existence has increasingly aroused the common concern of all mankind, and the rich and colorful material life has enriched people's daily life, but the spiritual life of human beings is relatively impoverished, and the great abundance of material wealth to a certain extent makes people enslaved to material things, and the spiritual life of individuals is in a state of imbalance. While elaborating on the actual state of human existence, Fromm's humanistic thought critically exposes the social problems caused by the development of productive forces, and fundamentally points out the confusion of human beings, on the basis of which it indicates that we can realize the breakthrough of the state of human beings' gradual dissolution in a certain way, so as to generate a brand-new space for the survival of human beings. In this way, human beings will be able to find their way out of numbness and self-loss, and thus step into the “kingdom of existence”. Fromm's anthropological point of view mainly centers on human nature, including three aspects: human nature, human nature alienation, and human nature liberation. This paper is a brief analysis of this aspect of human nature.
Investigation on the Current Situation and Ethical Reflection of ChatGPT Application in Education under the Background of Digitalization
Authors: Sun Guohang , Li Bingqi , Sun Guohang
Published: October 2024

With the rapid advancement of the digital globalization process, the iterative renewal of educational technology has promoted the reform of teaching tools and the renewal of educational concepts in the field of education. Advanced AI technologies such as ChatGPT play a key role in this process, bringing unprecedented innovation and opportunities to educational practice with their powerful natural language processing capabilities and deep learning techniques.At the same time, the wide application of these technologies has also triggered a series of deep ethical considerations.Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to conduct an in-depth investigation into the application status of advanced technologies such as ChatGPT in the field of education and to think calmly about the ethical issues involved.
Physiological and biochemical characterization cellulolytic bacteria
Authors: Bharambe S. D. , Kumar Kunvar Gyanendra , Singh R. P. , Pawar A. S.
Published: October 2024

Several efficient cellulase producing microorganisms were isolated. The purpose was to identify and characterize those isolates displaying the greatest cellulase activity for the possible use in the large scale biorefining. Cellulases are inducible enzymes that are synthesized by a large number of microorganisms during their growth on cellulosic materials. Cellulases have attracted much interest because of the diversity of their applications. Cellulases are used in the various industrial process, including textile and laundry, food, feed, leather, pulp and paper. The biochemical characterizations of the isolated Bacterial strains from termite gut. .Isolated strains are efficient namely TG I and TG II. Indicate that they may play a role in cellulose digestion in termite gut.
Bais or Balance? Multimodal discourse Analysis of British media representation of Russain – Ukraine war
Authors: Abdulmehdi Shaymaa Fadhil , Hussein Prof. Abbas Lutfi
Published: October 2024

This study investigates how the British media covers the Russia-Ukraine conflict, utilizing a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) framework. Considering both verbal and visual components in news reportage, it intends to identify whether the reporting is balanced or biased. Built on the work of Wodak (2006), Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), Machin (2013) and Wong (2019), the paper surveys how text, graphics, and design are utilized to form narratives. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of media coverage selection has been conducted to uncover the complication of these multimodal components. The results expose accomplished ideological thoughts and power dynamics that influence the narratives being told, utilizing visuals and verbal elements to strengthen particular viewpoints. While British media generally target is impartiality, biases are still embedded due to the difficult socio-political context of the conflict, emphasizing the significance of photo and self-reflection in conflict reportage.
El Rol de las Grandes Empresas Sostenibles en el Desarrollo de la Innovación Social
Authors: Caroli Matteo Giuliano
Published: October 2024

Este capítulo propone desarrollar y argumentar que las empresas y principalmente las grandes, pueden ser protagonistas de la innovación social a través de sus estrategias de desarrollo sostenible, generando lo que se denomina “Innovación Social Empresarial”.
Perancangan Alat Pembuat Pelet Pakan Ternak Portable
Authors: Cahyono Fajar Nur , Rifky Rifky , Nofendri Yos
Published: October 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian pembuatan alat pelet pakan ternak portable diperutukan sebagai alternatif pakan ternak kambing ketika musim kemarau tiba, dimana ketika musim kemarau tiba menyebabkan kelangkaan rumput pakan untuk kebutuhan pakan kambing ternak masyarakat. Teknologi yang digunakan untuk pembuatan alat ini menggunakan mesin penggerak motor bensin 4 langkah kerja dengan kecepatan maksimal 3800 rpm, kapasitas tangki bensin 3,1 liter, dan daya 5.5 HP. Mesin penggerak ini akan menghasilkan daya untuk memutar pulley dan daya tersebut akan diteruskan v-belt ke pulley extruder, extruder yang berfungsi sebagai alat penekan bahan baku untuk pelet yang kemudian dialirkan menuju die. Untuk kapasitas dari alat pencetak pelet pakan ternak ini dapat menghasilkan pelet dengan kapasitas tertentu yang dimana semakin tinggi putaran rpm dari mesin penghasil daya makan akan cepat juga perputaran screw di dalam extruder yang bilamana semakin cepat perpuatan keduanya akan semakin cepat juga bahan pelet yang akan dicetak menjadi pelet. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa alat pembuat pelet pakan ternak portable sudah dibuat dan hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa dalam waktu 105 menit dapat menghasilkan pelet sebanyak 125,5 kg dengan produktivitas 1,2 kg/ menit.
 
Abstract
Research on making  portable  animal feed pellets which are intended as an alternative to animal goat  feed when the dry season arrives, where when the dry season arrives it causes a scarcity of forage grass for the community's livestock goat  feed needs. The technology used to manufacture this tool uses a 4 stroke gasoline engine with a maximum speed of 3800 rpm, a gas tank capacity of 3.1 liters, and a power of 5.5 HP. This driving machine will generate power to rotate the pulley and the power will be transmitted by the v-belt to the pulley extruder, the extruder which functions as a pressing device for raw materials for pellets which are then flowed to the die. For the capacity of this animal feed pellet printer, it can produce pellets with a certain capacity where the higher the rpm rotation of the feeding power-producing machine, the faster the rotation of the screw in the extruder, the faster the rotation of the two, the faster the pellet material to be printed will become. pellets. The results showed that a portable animal feed pellet maker had been made and the test results showed that within 105 minutes it could produce 125.5 kg of pellets with a productivity of 1.2 kg/minute.
THE DEPARTMENT OF PRESS AND INFORMATION OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AS A TOOL OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Antyukhova E.A.
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on some fragments of the history of the Department of Press and Information of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire. The creation of this structural unit within the framework of the foreign ministry was closely connected with the active use in public diplomacy of one of the main types of media at the beginning of the 20th century – periodical press. One of the main tasks of the Department of Press and Information of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was to cover the foreign policy of the country abroad, and therefore to form appropriate foreign policy views among the foreign audience, as well as to influence the government decisions made there. The restoration of the mechanism of functioning of the official line in foreign policy issues is possible only under the condition of all the factors affecting the formation of the country's position in various issues of international cooperation being taken into account. The phenomenon of public diplomacy offers additional opportunities in the reconstruction of these realities. The sources used for writing the article include documents of the Archive of the Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire (AFA RE).
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF THE LATE 18TH CENTURY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE MOB ARBITRARINESS
Authors:   Academician I.G. Petrovskii Bryansk State University (Russia), Blumenau S.F.
Published: October 2024

In France under the Old Regime crop failures and subsequent food riots were a frequent occurrence. In the mythologized consciousness of the masses, there was an idea of a "hunger pact" - the desire of those in power to kill the people. The social groups associated with grain operations - large farmers, wealthy merchants, millers, bakers - were considered the instrument of this "conspiracy". The revolutionary events unfolding in the summer of 1789 marked the beginning of the collapse of the former government and created a sense of permissiveness among the population. Hence the self-styled reprisals of half-starved crowds against their real, and more often imaginary enemies. At first, the still politically weak revolutionary elite did not dare to take serious measures to counter popular riots and the extrajudicial reprisals that accompanied them. But in the autumn of 1789 the position of the Constituent Assembly was strengthened, and besides, it relied on local authorities and the National Guard.The murder of the baker Francois by the mob was the catalyst for passing a martial law decree. This law, and even more the resolution of the food crisis, led to the establishment of relative public peace, which made it easier for the legislators to carry out profound changes in various social and political spheres.
Kadınların Serbest Zaman Tercihlerine İlişkin Bir İnceleme
Authors: Tan Çetin , Aküzüm Leyla , Kırtepe Abdurrahman , Aküzüm Cemal , Tan Suriye
Published: October 2024

Bu araştırmada, Diyarbakır ilindeki özel bir spor kompleksi kapsamında kadınların serbest zaman tercihlerine ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenip serbest zamanlarını değerlendirme kapsamındaki engellerin, beklentilerin ve serbest zaman sürecine yönelik kazanımlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Katılımcı grubunu, Diyarbakır ilindeki özel bir spor kompleksinde serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılan kadınlar içerisinden amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş 10 gönüllü kadın oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın veri toplama aracı olarak 5 soruluk yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formu ile elde edilen veriler, NVivo nitel veri analizi programına aktarılarak içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre kadınlar; serbest zaman etkinlikleriyle psikolojik olarak iyi oluş, öz güven, sosyalleşme gibi olumlu durumlar yaşamaktadırlar. Ayrıca yapılan içerik analizinde kadınların serbest zaman etkinliklerine katılım engelleri olarak çocuk ve ailenin gerektirdiği sorumluluklar ve kadınların kendi işleri nedeniyle yaşadıkları zaman sıkıntısı şeklinde belirtilmiştir
Network-Device-Independent Certification of Causal Nonseparability
Authors: Dourdent Hippolyte , Abbott Alastair A. , Šupić Ivan , Branciard Cyril
Published: October 2024

Causal nonseparability is the property underlying quantum processes incompatible with a definite causal order. So far it has remained a central open question as to whether any process with a clear physical realisation can violate a causal inequality, so that its causal nonseparability can be certified in a device-independent way, as originally conceived. Here we present a method solely based on the observed correlations, which certifies the causal nonseparability of all the processes that can induce a causally nonseparable distributed measurement in a scenario with trusted quantum input states, as defined in [Dourdent et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 090402 (2022)]. This notably includes the celebrated quantum switch. This device-independent certification is achieved by introducing a network of untrusted operations, allowing one to self-test the quantum inputs on which the effective distributed measurement induced by the process is performed.
Salud mental comunitaria
Authors: Hernández Cruz Victoria Eugenia , Ospina Marín Astrid Carolina
Published: October 2024

El presente escrito aborda el ejercicio de investigación desarrollado en el Semillero Acción Psicosocial Hacia el Bienestar Comunitario con la estrategia solidaria SISSU desde su escenario de practicas para psicología, donde se implementan acciones psicosociales a partir de la telepsicología en busca de mejorar la salud mental comunitaria de las regiones colombiana y generar responsabilidad social ante los aspectos psicológicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales que genera el confinamiento por la pandemia actual. Por lo cual se ejecuta a partir del uso de herramientas digitales y tomando la guía de telepsicología del Colegio Colombia de Psicólogos COLPSIC, para garantizar la calidad de la intervención psicosocial en las regiones colombianas. Dentro de los resultados se reconoce el impacto positivo del ejercicio del psicólogo comunitario a la hora de comprender y analizar las interacciones sociales donde la cogestión es fuente fundamental para el éxito de toda intervención con la comunidad y construcción de una sociedad solidaria, así se fortalece la salud mental comunitaria y se obtiene un alto bienestar psicosocial.
Emotional Labor And Compassion Fatigue: Concerning Issues Among Mental Health Practitioners
Authors: Khawaja Sumra Mumtaz , Saeed Javeria , Naz Qirat , Zahid Qammar-wish
Published: October 2024

In this fast-paced world, mental health is at a greater toll due to the continuous pressure of excellence. Every other person suffers from anxiety, stress, or depression. Emotional labor is common among mental health professionals, and with extended practice, they are more prone to compassion fatigue and job burnout. This study investigates the relationship between emotional labor and compassion fatigue among mental health practitioners by considering the demographic factors (age, gender, qualifications, and experience) that may affect this relationship. This study employed a cross-sectional design to survey mental health practitioners. The sample (N = 117) comprised male (n = 50) and female (n = 67) professionals within the age range of 24 to 61 years. Participants were selected from hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and community health centers in collaboration with department administrators. Measures of the Emotional Labor Scale (Brotheridge & Lee, 2023) and Compassion Fatigue Short Scale (Adams et al., 2008) were used to assess the study variables. Results showed that Emotional labor was positively associated with compassion fatigue. Female professionals exhibited higher emotional labor and compassion fatigue levels than their male counterparts. Mental health professionals with extended job experience exhibit lower levels of emotional labor and compassion fatigue than those with less experience in the mental health field. Moreover, the results indicated that professionals older in age expressed a lower level of emotional labor than those in the younger age group. The strategies deduced should create a supportive environment addressing the diverse factors affecting emotional well-being in this context.
Historical, Philosophical And Psychological Dimensions Of Bilingualism: Cognitive And Neurological Perspectives
Authors: Hee Alvina Chee Ying , Lee Brice Tseen Fu
Published: October 2024

Research on bilingualism has traditionally focused on its effects on language proficiency, yet a significant gap exists in understanding its broader cognitive impacts, particularly regarding executive functions and brain structure. This study aims to bridge that gap by examining the multifaceted influences of bilingualism on cognitive function, incorporating historical and philosophical perspectives to provide a comprehensive analysis. Using a systematic literature review approach, supported by neuroimaging studies, this research explores how bilingualism enhances brain plasticity and executive functions, such as attentional control and task-switching. Historical analysis reveals the shift from early 20th-century deficit views of bilingualism to the recognition of its cognitive advantages. Philosophical discussions further contextualize these findings, addressing the ethical considerations of cognitive enhancement and the mind-brain relationship in bilingual contexts. The results suggest that bilingualism confers distinct cognitive benefits, reshaping both brain structure and function. Based on these findings, this study offers key recommendations for improving future research methodologies, emphasizing the need for more diverse and standardized studies, and suggests practical counseling approaches that account for the psychological and philosophical complexities of bilingual identity. These insights challenge traditional views on cognitive development and have significant implications for educational policies, counseling strategies, and future neuroscience research.
Gender Differences In Undergraduates’ Perceived School Support, Self-Esteem, Academic Fatigue, And Engagement In Nigerian Government-owned Universities
Authors: Olatunbosun Stella , Pillay Jace
Published: October 2024

Various research results show that there are differences in perceived social support, self-esteem, academic fatigue, and academic engagement based on gender. Yet, at this current research location, pre-research data shows the contrary. This study examines undergraduates’ perceived school support, self-esteem, academic fatigue, and engagement in two public Nigerian universities. The cross-sectional quantitative research type of the non-experimental design was utilized for the study through the theory lenses of Self-concordance and Demands-resources. The population of the study was undergraduate students undertaking degree courses at two public universities in Southwest Nigeria (the Federal University Oye-Ekiti, and the Ekiti State University), and these were selected using both the purposive and simple random sampling techniques. An instrument tagged "School Support and Undergraduates' Self-esteem, Academic Engagement, and Fatigue Questionnaire" was used for data collection with Cronbach alpha of 0.78, 0.81, 0.88, 0.89 for the four sections of the scales, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency counts and percentages), and t-test at a 5% significance level. The study's findings have shown that undergraduates’ gender influences their perceived school support and academic fatigue, with gender differences in favour of males. Still, there was no significant gender difference in undergraduates’ self-esteem and academic engagement. The study recommends that efforts be concentrated on ensuring continued gender equity, equality, and gender-balanced dynamics within the school context. Implications of the study and future research suggestions are proffered.
Nicotinic signaling stimulates glucagon secretion in mouse and human pancreatic α-cells
Authors: Hamilton Alexander , Zhang Quan , Gao Rui , Hill Thomas , Salehi Albert , G. Knudsen Jakob , Draper Matthew , R.V. Johnson Paul , Rorsman Patrik , I. Tarasov Andrei
Published: October 2024

Abstract Smoking is widely regarded as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, as nicotine contributes to insulin resistance by desensitizing the insulin receptors in muscle, liver, or fat. Little is known, however, about the immediate regulation of islet hormonal output by nicotine, an agonist of ionotropic cholinergic receptors. We investigated this by imaging cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics in mouse and human islets using confocal microscopy and measuring glucagon secretion in response to the alkaloid from isolated mouse islets. Nicotine acutely stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ in glucagon-secreting α-cells but not in insulin-secreting β-cells. The 2.8±0.5-fold (p<0.05) increase in the Ca2+, observed in >70% of α-cells, correlated well with a 2.5±0.3-fold stimulation of glucagon secretion. Nicotine-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ relied on the influx from the extracellular compartment rather than the release of the cation from intracellular depots. Metabotropic cholinergic signaling, monitored at the level of intracellular diacylglycerol, was limited to 69% of α-cells vs 94% of β-cells. We conclude that parasympathetic regulation of pancreatic islet hormone release utilizes different signaling pathways in β- (metabotropic) and α-cells (metabotropic and ionotropic), resulting in the fine-tuning of the ACh-induced glucagon exocytosis. Sustained nicotinic stimulation is, therefore, likely to attenuate insulin sensitivity by increasing glucagon release.
Article highlights (100)
· Smoking/nicotine is conventionally assumed to exacerbate the diabetic phenotype. The mechanisms are unclear.

· Can nicotine directly and specifically impact pancreatic islet cell signaling - in particular, that of the α-cell?

· Utilizing real-time microscopic imaging, electrophysiology and ELISA, we found that nicotine selectively stimulates Ca2+ dynamics and hormone release in islet α-cells but not β-cells.

· We propose that the nicotinic sensitivity can underlie the distinct effects of parasympathetic signaling on islet α- and β-cells.
The difficulty of studying the association between pathway delays and survival in cancer – an example from bladder cancer
Authors: Russell Beth , Hagberg Oskar , Häggstrom Christel , Holmberg Lars , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Liedberg Fredrik
Published: October 2024

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