bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of different dimensionality reduction methods in hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Kang Lei , Hu Xiaoqing , Zhong Chengcheng , Zhang Kai , Jiang Yanan
Published: September 2021

Considering the high-dimensional characteristics of hyperspectral image (HSI) data, researchers generally adopt the dimensionality reduction (DR) methods to reduce the complexity and computing time of subsequent classification or regression tasks while preserving the intrinsic structure information of the data. At present, the research on DR of HSIs data mostly focuses on the application performance of a single method in specific tasks and few studies have been conducted on the adaptability of different DR methods to HSIs data. From the perspective of spectral domain and spatial domain, this paper makes a comparative study on the performance of various linear and nonlinear DR methods in the task of HSI classification of aerial HSI of Matiwan Village in Xiongan New Area. Specifically, it includes principal component analysis, independent component analysis, isometric mapping, Laplacian eigenmaps, autoencoder, etc. The results show that the intrinsic structure in Xiongan HSI is mainly linear structure. Compared with the nonlinear DR methods, the linear DR methods can better preserve the intrinsic structure information of data at a lower time-consuming cost. For the subsequent classification tasks, the linear DR methods have better classification performance and are more suitable for HSI data.
Biomechanical analysis of shooting performance for basketball players based on Computer Vision
Authors: Pan Hang , Li Jianwei , Wang Huidong , Zhang Kaiyu
Published: September 2021

Shooting technique is exceedingly crucial in basketball. In order to improve the shooting average, this study captured shooting technology action by computer vision technology, analyzed human posture in different gender and gave effective suggestions in routine training. Kinect Azure was used to collect the human skeleton information when the 10 players (5 males and 5 females) who experienced amateur basketball training shot. After smoothing and reducing noises of three-dimensional skeleton information, the kinematic parameters such as human joint angle and torso tilt angle were calculated by using Euclidean dot product formula and anti-triangular formula. The result showed that shooting average of male was higher than that of female (P<0.05). When the players squatted to the maximum extent, the angles of the knee and hip of female were significantly bigger than that of male (P<0.05). The torso was tilted to a certain extent, and the extent of female was significantly larger than that of male(P<0.05). In conclusion, by computer vision obtaining data collection, this study suggested that the players should strengthen the muscle and master the range of flexion degree which was suitable for their own strength. At the same time, so as to improve the shooting average, they should pay attention to the coordination of upper and lower limbs during shooting.
Single Image Super-Resolution Network Based on Multiple- Scale Self-Similarity Module
Authors: Xiong Jiaxin , Wang Guoyou
Published: September 2021

Recently, single image super-resolution (SISR) based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has been widely studied and achieved remarkable results. However, most of these methods mainly widen or deepen the network to get better results, ignoring the self-similarity in natural images. Some works have successfully leveraged this self-similarity by exploring non-local attention modules, but they only use non-local attention modules at one scale or two scales. And they need to calculate the self-similarity in each residual module, which makes the network more complex and takes a long time to train. We propose a multiple-scale self-similarity module (MSSS) that can be flexibly inserted into existing various super-resolution networks. MSSS uses convolution with different kernels and the trailing dilated convolution to obtain feature maps at different scales, and then calculates the correlation between multiple feature maps at different scales through two-head region-level recurrent criss-cross attention modules (TRRCCA), finally gets fusion output through channel attention. So MSSS can mine multiple-scale self-similarities. We only insert a MSSS module into the basic residual SISR network, and the result is significantly improved.
Image segmentation application combined with DRLSE and moving mesh method
Authors: Lee Wan-lung , Shi Hongjian
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the time-consuming problem of level set method in processing image segmentation, this paper presents an image segmentation algorithm combining DRLSE and moving mesh method. This method is applied to segment images into multiple blocks in different initial regions. When a large image needs to be segmented into multiple blocks, the level set method has to calculate various data at each pixel. So, there are problems such as low-efficiency and time-consuming processing. In order to solve this problem, we propose a moving mesh method to process image segmentation based on the level set method. By calculating the monitor function about the image gradient, the grid encryption is automatically realized with the change of image gradient. This makes the calculation of the image segmentation more accurate. In order to improve efficiency, our method will reduce the grid to 1/4. Then the level set method is applied to achieve the result of computational acceleration. In order to verify the performance and accuracy of the new method, our method segmented some images several times. Experiments show that our method can quickly and automatically segment some images into multiple blocks without affecting the results.
Research on Flower Image Classification Method Based on YOLOv5
Authors: Tian Ming , Liao Zhihao
Published: September 2021

The rapid development of deep learning has accelerated the progress of related technologies in the computer vision field and it has broad application prospects. Due to flower inter-class similarity and intra-class differences, flower image classification has essential research value. To achieve flower image classification, this paper proposes a deep learning method using the current powerful object detection algorithm YOLOv5 to achieve fine-grained image classification of flowers. Overlap and occluded objects often appear in the images of the flowers, so the DIoU_NMS algorithm is used to select the target box to enhance the detection of the blocked objects. The experimental dataset comes from the Kaggle platform, and experimental results show that the proposed model in this paper can effectively identify five types of flowers contained in the dataset, Precision reaching 0.942, Recall reaching 0.933, and mAP reaching 0.959. Compared with YOLOv3 and Faster-RCNN, this model has high recognition accuracy, real-time performance, and good robustness. The mAP of this model is 0.051 higher than the mAP of YOLOv3 and 0.102 higher than the mAP of Raster-RCNN.
Path planning of mobile robot based on improved DDQN
Authors: yunxiao Yang , Wangjun  , Hualiang Zhang , shilong Dai
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the problem of overestimation and sparse rewards of deep Q network algorithm in mobile robot path planning in reinforcement learning, an improved algorithm HERDDQN is proposed. Through the deep convolutional neural network model, the original RGB image is used as input, and it is trained through an end-to-end method. The improved deep reinforcement learning algorithm and the deep Q network algorithm are simulated in the same two-dimensional environment. The experimental results show that the HERDDQN algorithm solves the problem of overestimation and sparse reward better than the DQN algorithm in terms of success rate and reward convergence speed, Which shows that the improved algorithm finds a better strategy than the DQN algorithm.
Committee-Voting mechanism based on Graph for Semisupervised Person Re-identification
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhao Xiuyang
Published: September 2021

Recently, person re-identification technology has made great progress, mainly thanks to a large amount of annotated data. However, the current million-dollar annotations are becoming increasingly difficult to scale. Therefore, we work on the problem of semi-supervised person re-identification using only a small amount of annotated data. Inspired by QBC, we propose the committee-voting mechanism based on graph (CVG), which consists of two modules, the committee, and the chairman. The committee proposes different opinions and constructs multiple sets of information pairs for unlabelled data, and the chairman is responsible for aggregating the opinions of all committee members and making the final decision. As a sound selection mechanism, which effectively improves the accuracy of semisupervised person re-identification. Extensive experiments on three large-scale datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on Smoking Detection Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Huiying , Xiao Ruijie , Li Qingjie
Published: September 2021

Smoking detection in public places is an important means to protect people's health and safety of life and property, but small target detection will have problems such as low detection accuracy and missed detection. In response to this problem, from the perspective of single-stage detection, a smoking detection model suitable for real-time monitoring is proposed. Based on the custom attention mechanism module and the improved residual network, design a backbone network that reuses underlying features while fusing features at different stages to enhance the ability to extract small target features and improve the accuracy of target detection; the feature fusion part uses FPN The structure and PAN structure are integrated, and a lightweight Neck layer network structure is designed to retain the semantic information and location information of the target feature; the DIOU_nms algorithm is selected to improve the missed detection problem. The self-made smoking data set was detected, the average accuracy rate (mAP) reached 86.32%, and the detection speed reached 55f/s. The detection model in this paper improves the accuracy of smoking detection, improves the supervision effect of smoke-free areas to a certain extent, and provides help for eliminating fire hazards.
Space-Time Separate Modeling for Efficient Video Classification
Authors: Cao Pei , Wang Shuo , Wu Jinmeng , Hao Yanbin
Published: September 2021

Efficient video classification requires the deep neural network models to be much lightweight. Current deep convolutional networks generally adopt 3D convolutions or similar spatio-temporal computational counterparts to process the 3D signal of videos. However, due to the heavy computational load of those 3D units, they suffer from the problems of hard training and inefficient inferring. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel yet efficient space-time separate (STS) modelling module. STS splits the feature channels into multiple groups and separately model various types of content information from the channel groups using different convolutional operations. Since the channel splitting mechanism can significantly reduce the model complexity, STS is much more lightweight than the existing video models. Particularly, the joint use of spatial/temporal/spatio-temporal convolutions achieves paralleled information modelling in a single block. We conduct experiments on two benchmarked video datasets to evaluate the performance of STS and demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency on the video classification task.
Towards the Software Evolution Recovery at the Level of Software Architecture
Authors: Zhu YanXia , Zhong LinHui , Fu LiJuan , Ruan ShuHe , Xu Jing , Ye Haitao
Published: September 2021

In the process of software evolution, a lot of evolution history information will be stored in software repository. Because some open source repositories (such as GitHub) only record the version of every source file, it is difficult for people to comprehend and manage the evolution of software component and software architecture. In the paper, we propose the concept of software evolutionary binary tree to present the evolution history of software architecture and its components, propose a method to recover them by software architecture recovery technology as well. The experimental results of four open source software (Cassandra, Hbase, Hive and Openjpa) demonstrate that the method is effective.
Improved hybrid recommendation algorithm based on joint interpolation
Authors: Su QiChen , Su Yang , Liu TianYi
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the sparsity problem of the underlying score matrix of the collaborative filtering algorithm, to solve the problem of poor filling effect when the existing filling method has a large difference in the scores of items between neighbors, an improved hybrid recommendation algorithm based on joint interpolation is proposed. The algorithm first uses joint interpolation to fill in the user’s rating matrix, and then uses the similarity between the filled data and the user and item information to predict the user’s rating of the item, and then compares the item’s rating with the user’s scores of similar items, impose penalties on scores that are far apart, and finally recommend the penalized scores from high to low. Experimental results show that the algorithm has a better recommendation effect.
Effective dc-link voltage variation for renewable power application
Authors: Maheswaran G. , Ettappan M. , Kavitha T. , Senthil Kumar R.
Published: September 2021

The proposed method analysis the effective utilization of dc-link voltage for a Multi-Level Converter by controlling the sequential operation of switching devices as per the load requirement. Here a different switching pattern is followed, where the number of switching devices are switched ON depending on the value of input voltage needed for the inverter, thereby unnecessary switching ON of all devices are avoided. Initial DC needed voltage is generated from renewable voltage source. The proposal also quotes on various application of theses switching pattern in the field of renewable energy and voltage backup systems where voltage generated is utilized with minimal switching losses. This Varied DC link voltage method by Selective Switch Count (SSC) is used in Voltage Source Inverter. Simulation using MATLAB is used to validate the proposed SSC method feasibility.
Multi-messenger triggered searches with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope
Authors: Colomer Molla M. , Alves S.
Published: September 2021

The ANTARES neutrino telescope has been operating for
thirteen years in the Mediterranean sea with the purpose of
searching for high-energy cosmic neutrinos. During the last years,
multi-messenger astronomy has become one of the most exciting topics
for Cherenkov neutrino detectors, and probably the best strategy to
identify the neutrino sources. Thus, the ANTARES Collaboration is
actively participating to the follow-up of alerts sent by different
experiments, covering the full electromagnetic spectrum and
gravitational wave interferometers.

ANTARES' real-time response to these alerts is complemented with
dedicated offline analyses, the latter being the focus of this
talk. These studies allowed to set upper limits that constrain the
neutrino emission from various sources, including Fast Radio Bursts,
Gamma Ray Bursts and compact binary mergers, as well as neutrino
alerts by others neutrino observatories (IceCube, GVD). The latest
results are presented here.
SAGE: a Monte Carlo simulation framework for experiments with germanium detectors
Authors: She Z. , Ma H. , Zeng W. , Dai W. , Geng X. , Normahmedov O. , Yang J. , Zeng Z. , Yue Q. , Cheng J. , Li J.
Published: September 2021

A Geant4-based simulation framework for rare event searching experiments with germanium detectors named SAGE is presented with details.
It is designed for simulating, assessing background distribution, and investigating the response of the germanium detectors.
The SAGE framework incorporates its experiment-specific geometries and custom attributes, including the event generators, physics lists and output format, to satisfy various simulation objectives.
Its docker image has been prepared for virtualizing and distributing the SAGE framework.
Deployment of a Geant4-based simulation will be convenient under this docker image.
The implemented geometries include p-type point contact and broad energy germanium detectors with environmental surroundings, and these hierarchical geometries can be easily extended.
Users select these custom attributes via the JSON configuration files.
The aforementioned attributes satisfy the simulation demands, and make SAGE a generic and powerful simulation framework for the CDEX experiment.
A high specific surface area porous carbon skeleton derived from MOF for high-performance Lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Xinran , Li Junxiang , Li Pengyu , Wu Mengqiang
Published: September 2021

Lithium-ion capacitor (LICs) is expected to replace the traditional double-layer capacitor and lithium-ion battery as a new energy storage device. However, the slow de/intercalation of Li+ in battery-type electrodes (anode) limits the power density of lithium-ion capacitors (LICs). In this work, a high specific surface area porous carbon skeleton (Z-T-PC) is synthesized derived from MOF (Zn-TFBDC). Benefit from the large specific surface area and 3D conductive skeleton, the Z-T-PC shows that the sample has a high specific capacity and stable cycling performance as the LIC anode. The assembled asymmetric LICs exhibit high power density and energy density with Z-T-PC anode. The work provides new thinking for the application of the novel anode material of LICs.
Growing the solid solution of molekular substitution (GaAs)1-z(ZnSe)z
Authors: Saidov Amin S , Saparov Dadajon V , Usmonov Shukrullo N , Gaimnazarov Kurban G , Maripov Ilhom I
Published: September 2021

Epitaxial layers of semiconductor solid solutions of molecular substitution (GaAs)1-z(ZnSe)z (0 < z < 0.80) with a smoothly (but not monotonously) varying composition were obtained from the liquid phase on monocrystal GaAs (100) substrates. The solubility of gallium arsenide and zinc selenide in tin and the phase diagrams of binary systems Ga-Sn, As-Sn, Zn-Sn and Sn-Se indicate that binary compounds in the tin solvent at temperatures of 650–750°C, below the melting point of the corresponding materials, are not in the form of individual atoms of gallium, arsenic, zinc and selenium, but in the form of molecules of gallium arsenide and zinc selenide. Moreover, in the temperature range 650-750°C, the solubility of GaAs in tin varies from ∼ 2.6 to ∼ 5.5 mol%, and ZnSe - from ∼ 0.2 to ∼ 0.35 mol%, the solubility of gallium and zinc is unlimited, and the solubility of arsenic is more than 70 at. %, selenium - more than 5 at.%. It is shown that due to the difference in the valence of gallium and arsenic atoms, the forces of chemical bonds between neighboring Ga and As atoms located in the tetrahedral lattice are not the same. In the tetrahedral lattice, each Ga atom forms 4 bonds with four neighboring As atoms, three of which are formed by the sharing of electrons of neighboring Ga and As atoms, and the fourth one only due to the two valence electrons of the As atom. Apparently, the ionic fraction of the fourth chemical bond is stronger than the other three.
Development of innovative technologies for deep mineral processing
Authors: Zabneva Elvira , Kuznetsova Yulia , Poddubnyak Anatoly , Lunev Evgeny
Published: September 2021

The rate of industrial development depends not only on the demand for products that are outdated in terms of quality, but also on the possibility of updating the quality indicators of the raw material mass, matching the demand dynamics of the raw materials quality with the indicators corresponding to the future tasks. The transition of the world economy and energy to a low-carbon development trajectory reduces the demand for Russian coal, and therefore the near future of the coal industry is associated with fundamental changes in the requirements for the quality and variety of marketable products. There is an urgent need for technological renewal in coal enrichment, restoration and further development of coal chemistry. The paper highlights the key problems and trends in the field of deep coal enrichment, reveals the methods used in the processing plants of Kuzbass. The proposed technology of deep mineral processing “Carbon-99”, which received the support of the Skolkovo Innovation Center in 2021, is described. The Carbon-99 technology is a synthesis of technological solutions groups, which variety depends on the properties of the mineral groups included in a particular coal material: enrichment of rock mass cl. 2-200 mm, magnetic separation cl. 0-2 mm, enrichment of sludge masses-centrifugation cl. 0-0. 05 mm. It is shown that the proposed complex technology of deep coal enrichment will reduce the ash content in the concentrates of brown, coking and anthracite coals to 1-9%, and reduce the sulfur content by 30-70%. Reduction of moisture content in the coal mass, including dispersed materials. Also, to obtain concentrates of mineral groups extracted from the coal mass, without chemical reagents.
Electrical resistance and impedance of manganese sulfides, substituted by lutetium
Authors: Kharkov A M , Sitnikov M N , Begisheva O B , Gelgorn A V , Nikitinskiy O S , Cheremnykh N A
Published: September 2021

The effect of electron doping in LuxMn1-xS and cationic vacancies in Mn0.9S manganese sulfide on the formation of phonon modes of vibration, the type of conductivity, and the impedance characteristics is studied. The IR spectra in the frequency range 450-7500 cm−1, the I-V in the temperature range 300-500 K, and the impedance in the frequency range 102-106 Hz were measured. The qualitative difference in the temperature behavior of the impedance, the activation character of the relaxation time, and the change in the activation energy of the impurity conductivity in LuxMn1-xS at high temperatures are found.
The type of current carriers and the influence of prehistory on the dynamic magnetic characteristics in HoxMn1-xS
Authors: Sitnikov M N , Aplesnin S S , Kharkov A M , Bandurina O N
Published: September 2021

In a solid solution of HoxMn1-xS, the influence of the prehistory of a sample cooled without a field and in a magnetic field on the magnetic characteristics is investigated. An increase in the inductance of a coil with a sample cooled in a magnetic field is found. The type of current carriers, the temperature of the change of the sign of the current carriers, the concentration and mobility from the Hall constant are determined. The results are explained in the model of spin and orbital-charge glass formation.
Research on the influence of deformable sheet aluminum alloy rheological behavior on stretch forming process limits
Authors: Mikheev V A , Nosova E A , de Alvarenga Roberto , Demidova M M
Published: September 2021

Our research was aimed at modeling a symmetrical wrapping and stable control of the processes of shaping by wrapping a sheet blank along a wrapping punch having a double curvature surface and placed on the table of a virtual stretch-tightening press. The main task of modeling was to determine the deformed state with a uniform change in thickness in different regions of the sheet blank without folds and breaks, but without the influence of the rheological behavior of the deformable aluminum alloy. Here, the LS-DYNA software package is used with the use of an explicit or implicit solver for nonlinear problems of solid mechanics, characteristic of nonequilibrium transitions of the initial dissipative phase due to viscosity and heat transfer. Now it is possible to predict defect formation from a practical point of view, using the forming limit diagram (FLD), which makes it possible with sufficient accuracy to determine the degree of deformation of a given sheet material, at which any defects do not occur. The presented results of the study revealed the features of the influence of the rheological behavior of a wrought sheet aluminum alloy on the limits of the shaping process by a wrap.
Crystal chemistry of anisotropy magnetic properties gas atomization powders of an alloy of the Fe-Nd-B system
Authors: Savin V V , Marukhin A O , Osadchy A V , Savina L A , Chaika V A
Published: September 2021

The magnetic material of Fe-Nd-B alloys is widely used in science and technology due to the unique physical and chemical properties of borides based on it. The functional properties of the material significantly depend on the structural-phase state in the alloy. The transition on the Melt Quenching technology (MQ) for its production required additional theoretical and experimental studies of the regularities of the formation and stability of the structural-phase state in multicomponent REM-containing alloys under conditions of nonequilibrium crystallization and solidification of a highly supercooled melt. The implementation of the industrial MQ technology by the method of Gas Atomization (GA) of medium pressure imposes additional significant requirements for such studies. The paper comprehensively studies and summarizes the available results on the relationship between the conditions for obtaining powder materials of Fe-Nd-B alloys by the MQ GA method and the functional properties of materials based on them. It is proved that the anisotropy features of their magnetic properties are related to the existing inhomogeneities in the distribution and morphology of Fe14Nd2B phase grains in MQ GA powder materials. A crystal-chemical explanation of the occurrence of the identified features is proposed and the possibility of their practical application is shown.
Stress-strain condition of flat manhole covers under internal pressure in presence of mechanical defect with different dislocation on surface
Authors: Rubtsov A V , Gracheva V V , Kulakov P A , Mukhametzyanov Z R
Published: September 2021

One of the most common damage to the structural elements of vessels and apparatus of hydrocarbon processing plants is mechanical damage, which mainly occurs during repair and installation operations. One of the prerequisites for the occurrence of this type of defects is the use of a locksmith tool and other devices, tools and devices, upon contact of which with the surface of the elements to be repaired and mounted, risks, scratches, balls, nicks and other damage are formed. The vast majority in terms of the degree of occurrence on the surface of structural elements of all defects of a mechanical nature occupy scratches. There is practically no technical device operating in a hazardous production facility and does not have at least one of the elements of this type on the external surface. With respect to the surface on which the scratches are arranged, these defects can be both small geometrical dimensions and sufficiently extended. Such defects generally do not limit the life cycle of the object, but can have a significant effect on the redistribution of the stress-strain state in the element. The redistribution of the stress-strain state can serve as an initial stage for the generation of potential fracture sites from the concentration of increased stresses in these zones. Also, not only the presence of a scratch, but also the length, as well as the nature of the location on the surface of the element, can affect the stressed-deformed state of the element. Therefore, the actual work is a study of the change in the stress-deformed state of the flat manhole cover with a scratch, the arrangement of which on the surface has various options. In this work, the stress-strain state of the flat manhole cover is simulated depending on the change in the angle of inclination and the location of the scratch on it relative to the central zone.
Modeling the stress-strain state of plates in a form of Reuleaux Triangle profile during grinding of plastic materials
Authors: Krivov D A
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the mechanical characteristics that arise in the crushing zone during grinding plastic material in a crusher with type-setting plates in a form of Reuleaux Triangle Profile. It is described the methodology for calculating internal and external energy and the load in the crushing zone. Much attention is given to the modeling of the stress-strain state of the plates during grinding plastic materials. The analysis of deformations made it possible to determine the critical zones of the impact of loads on the plates.
Thermoelastic non-stationary fields in a rigidly fixed plate
Authors: Kusaeva Zh M
Published: September 2021

In this article, a new closed solution of the axisymmetric dynamic problem of the theory of thermoelasticity is constructed for a rigidly fixed circular isotropic plate in the case of temperature changes on its face surfaces. The mathematical formulation of the problem includes linear equations of motion and thermoelasticity in the spatial formulation with respect to the components of the displacement vector, as well as the function of temperature change. The study of non-self-adjoint equations is carried out in an unrelated statement. Initially, we consider the initial boundary value problem of thermoelasticity without taking into account the deformation of the plate, and at the next stage, we study the problem of elasticity theory under the action of a given (defined) temperature change function. To solve the problems, we use a mathematical apparatus for separating variables in the form of finite integral transformations: Fourier, Hankel, and generalized integral transformation (CIP). In this case, at each stage of the study, the procedure is performed to bring the boundary conditions to the form that allows you to apply the appropriate transformation.
A Scoping Review of Methods Used to Assess Medication Adherence in Patients with Chronic Conditions
Authors: Konstantinou Pinelopi , Kasinopoulos Orestis , Karashiali Christiana , Georgiou Geοrgios , Panayides Andreas , Papageorgiou Alexia , Wozniak Greta , Kassianos Angelos P , Karekla Maria
Published: September 2021

Background

Medication nonadherence of patients with chronic conditions is a complex phenomenon contributing to increased economic burden and decreased quality of life. Intervention development relies on accurately assessing adherence but no “gold standard” method currently exists.

Purpose

The present scoping review aimed to: (a) review and describe current methods of assessing medication adherence (MA) in patients with chronic conditions with the highest nonadherence rates (asthma, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, hypertension), (b) outline and compare the evidence on the quality indicators between assessment methods (e.g., sensitivity), and (c) provide evidence-based recommendations.

Methods

PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were screened, resulting in 62,592 studies of which 71 met criteria and were included.

Results

Twenty-seven self-report and 10 nonself-report measures were identified. The Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) was found to be the most accurate self-report, whereas electronic monitoring devices such as Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) corresponded to the most accurate nonself-report. Higher MA rates were reported when assessed using self-reports compared to nonself-reports, except from pill counts.

Conclusions

Professionals are advised to use a combination of self-report (like MARS-5) and nonself-report measures (like MEMS) as these were found to be the most accurate and reliable measures. This is the first review examining self and nonself-report methods for MA, across chronic conditions with the highest nonadherence rates and provides evidence-based recommendations. It highlights that MA assessment methods are understudied in certain conditions, like epilepsy. Before selecting a MA measure, professionals are advised to inspect its quality indicators. Feasibility of measures should be explored in future studies as there is presently a lack of evidence.
Attenuated monoamine oxidase a impairs endometrial receptivity in women with adenomyosis via downregulation of FOXO1
Authors: Tian Jiao , Zhang Chunxue , Kang Nannan , Wang Junxia , Kong Na , Zhou Jidong , Wu Min , Ding Lijun , Sun Haixiang , Yan Guijun , Sheng Xiaoqiang
Published: September 2021

The establishment of endometrial receptivity is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy. Women with adenomyosis possess a lower chance of clinical pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology, which is partially due to impaired endometrial receptivity. The establishment of endometrial receptivity requires the participation of multiple processes, and proper endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) proliferation is indispensable. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a key molecule that regulates neurotransmitter metabolism in the nervous system. In the present study, we demonstrated a novel role for MAOA in the establishment of endometrial receptivity in women with adenomyosis and in an adenomyotic mouse model. Attenuated MAOA impairs endometrial receptivity by promoting inappropriate proliferation of EECs via the downregulation of FOXO1 during the window of implantation. These results revealed that MAOA plays a vital role in endometrial receptivity in female reproduction.
A case report of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis necessitating total pericardiectomy
Authors: Yousif Nooraldaem , Alnuwakhtha Abdulla , Darwish Abdulla , Arekat Zaid , Abdulrahman Seham
Published: September 2021

Background

Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is one of the most serious sequelae of tuberculous pericarditis, which is characterized by heart constriction secondary to intense pericardial inflammation and thickening. Several invasive and non-invasive diagnostic modalities are crucial to address the challenges of confirming the diagnosis of CP and to expedite timely intervention.

Case summary

This study reports the case of a Bahraini male with tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosed with CP as a result of various evaluations. The patient underwent urgent total pericardiectomy and showed remarkable recovery with complete resolution of heart failure symptoms.

Discussion

This case demonstrates the paramount importance of early diagnosis and treatment for patients with CP. In this unique case, the acoustic windows on echocardiography were suboptimal because of pericardial thickening. Further, computed tomography did not show significant calcification of the thickened pericardium. A novel approach of assessing haemodynamics through the right antecubital vein and right radial artery facilitated the accurate diagnosis of CP with confidence. Thereafter, successful pericardiectomy revealed a markedly thickened and stiff pericardium with many abscesses and dense adhesions encasing the heart, and pericardial biopsy showed large caseating granulomas. This case exemplifies the difficulty in diagnosing CP and the favourable outcomes achieved with well-timed surgical intervention.
Establishment of a bovine rumen epithelial cell line
Authors: Ji Xu , Tong Huili , Settlage Robert , Yao Wen , Jiang Honglin
Published: September 2021

Rumen epithelium plays an essential role in absorption, transport, and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids, the main products of rumen fermentation, and in preventing microbes and other potentially harmful rumen contents from entering the systemic circulation. The objective of this study was to generate an immortal rumen epithelial cell line that can be used as a convenient model of rumen epithelial cells in vitro. We isolated primary rumen epithelial cells from a steer through trypsin digestion and transduced them with lentiviruses expressing the Simian Virus (SV) 40 T antigen. We cloned the transduced cells by limiting dilution. Western blotting analysis confirmed the expression of the SV40 T antigen in two single-cell clones. Cells from one clone, named bovine rumen epithelial clone 1 (BREC1), displayed a flat and squamous morphology in culture. RNA sequencing revealed that BREC1 cells expressed many markers of epithelial cells, including keratins, the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the short-chain fatty acid transporters monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) 1 (MCT-1) and MCT-4. RNA sequencing revealed that BREC1 cells expressed key enzymes such as 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 involved in ketogenesis, a unique function of rumen epithelial cells. RNA sequencing also revealed the expression of genes encoding tight junctions, desmosomes, anchoring junctions, and polarized plasma membranes, structures typical of epithelial cells, in BREC1 cells. Cell proliferation assays indicated that BREC1 cells were similar to primary rumen epithelial cells in response to insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin, and butyrate. In conclusion, BREC1 is not only a convenient but an appropriate model for studying the factors and mechanisms that control proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, nutrient transport, metabolism, and barrier function in rumen epithelium.
Associations of natural variation in the CD163 and other candidate genes on host response of nursery pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection
Authors: Dong Qian , Dunkelberger Jenelle , Lim Kyu-Sang , Lunney Joan K , Tuggle Christopher K , Rowland Raymond R R , Dekkers Jack C M
Published: September 2021

Pigs with complete resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) have been produced by genetically knocking out the CD163 gene that encodes a receptor of the PRRSV for entry into macrophages. The objectives of this study were to evaluate associations of naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD163 gene and in three other candidate genes (CD169, RGS16, and TRAF1) with host response to PRRSV-only infection and to PRRS vaccination and PRRSV/porcine circovirus 2b (PCV2b) coinfection. SNPs in the CD163 gene were not included on SNP genotyping panels that were used for previous genome-wide association analyses of these data. An additional objective was to identify the potential genetic interaction of variants at these four candidate genes with a mutation in the GBP5 gene that was previously identified to be associated with host response to PRRSV infection. Finally, the association of SNPs with expression level of the nearby gene was tested. Several SNPs in the CD163, CD169, and RGS16 genes were significantly associated with host response under PRRSV-only and/or PRRSV/PCV2b coinfection. The effects of all SNPs that were significant in the PRRSV-only infection trials depend on genetic background. The effects of some SNPs in the CD163, CD169, and RGS16 genes depend on genotype at the putative causative mutation in the GBP5 gene, which indicates a potential biological interaction of these genes with GBP5. In addition, genome-wide association results for the PRRSV-only infection trials revealed that SNPs located in the CDK5RAP2 or MEGF9 genes, near the TRAF1 gene, had suggestive effects on PRRS viral load, which indicates that these SNPs might contribute to PRRSV neuropathogenesis. In conclusion, natural genetic variants in the CD163, CD169, and RGS16 genes are associated with resistance to PRRSV and/or PCV2b infection and appear to interact with the resistance quantitative trait locus in the GBP5 gene. The identified SNPs can be used to select for increased natural resistance to PRRSV and/or PRRSV-PCV2b coinfection.
“But You’re Not at All like Bertha”: Contemporary (Black) Trans* Studies and Richard Wright’s “Man of All Work”
Authors: Foster Guy Mark
Published: September 2021

This essay mines the intersections among contemporary trans* studies, black feminism, and black studies to reexamine Richard Wright’s short story, ‘Man of All Work’ (1961), depicting a black heterosexual man’s efforts to save his home from foreclosure by dressing in his wife’s clothes to find work. Rather than engage these critical traditions in rigid identitarian terms, this essay uses such scholarship to examine how the author’s farcical attempts to dramatize the cultural feminization of black men yields complex theoretical insights as to the impact of anti-black racism on the lived experiences of black people. A key insight from black studies is the tendency of US white supremacy to collapse black gender difference into sameness, thereby excluding black men and women from sexual difference. Highlighting the fungibility of black gender, this essay works these scholarly intersections to examine how the self-conscious exploitation of anti-black assumptions about the body creates the potential for unlikely intraracial solidarities to emerge.
“We Are Here”: Race, Gender, and Spaces of “Common Ground” in the Works of John Edgar Wideman, bell hooks, and Jesmyn Ward
Authors: Wendland-Liu Joel
Published: September 2021

Black-authored self-writing serves as a tool of cultural self-determination and anticipates the concept of “placemaking.” Scholars regard “placemaking” as a process by which people of color struggle to transform space into place, to alter racially segregated spaces into sites of joy, freedom, and political mobilization. This essay evaluates these claims through an exploration of spatial themes in three memoirs: John Edgar Wideman–s Fatheralong (1994), bell hooks’s Where We Stand (2000), and Jesmyn Ward’s Men We Reaped (2013). The contemporary constructions of black place in these narratives destabilize ideological impressions of linear racial progress, individualism, dominant narratives of “colorblind” white supremacy, and neoliberal political economy. These texts record a process by which black people create a self-determined space of “common ground” despite white supremacist, capitalist dominance.
Topological gapless points in superconductors: From the viewpoint of symmetry
Authors: Sumita Shuntaro , Yanase Youichi
Published: September 2021

Searching for topological insulators/superconductors is a central subject in recent condensed matter physics. As a theoretical aspect, various classification methods of symmetry-protected topological phases have been developed, where the topology of a gapped Hamiltonian is investigated from the viewpoint of its onsite/crystal symmetry. On the other hand, topological physics also appears in semimetals, whose gapless points can be characterized by topological invariants. Stimulated by this background, we shed light on the topology of nodal superconductors. In this paper, we review our modern topological classification theory of superconducting gap nodes in terms of symmetry. The classification method elucidates nontrivial gap structures arising from nonsymmorphic symmetry or angular momentum, which cannot be predicted by a conventional theory.
Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock Patients Is Predicted by Pao 2/Fio 2 (Horowitz Index) Measured on ICU After Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Implantation
Authors: Scherer Clemens , Lüsebrink Enzo , Joskowiak Dominik , Feuchtgruber Vanessa , Petzold Tobias , Hausleiter Jörg , Peterss Sven , Massberg Steffen , Hagl Christian , Orban Martin
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment in patients with severe cardiogenic shock can cause or aggravate acute lung injury. In our retrospective analysis, we aimed at identifying markers for acute lung injury after arrival on ICU, which predict mortality of those patients.

DESIGN:

Observational, monocentric, retrospective analysis.

SETTING:

Cardiac ICU of Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany.

PATIENTS:

Two-hundred eleven patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for severe cardiogenic shock were included into this analysis. Patients who died within 24 hours after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

To determine lung injury, we investigated the influence of Pao2/Fio2 ratio (Horowitz index). The lowest Horowitz index was measured on ICU 6–12 hours after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation. An optimal cutoff value of less than 126 for Horowitz index to predict mortality was identified via receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve, 0.62). Patients with Horowitz index less than 126 had a 30-day mortality rate of 67.5% compared to 37.5% with a Horowitz index greater than or equal to 126 (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified Horowitz index less than 126 as an independent risk factor of ICU mortality (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.8–7.3; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this hypothesis-generating analysis, a Horowitz index less than 126 is associated with increased mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which may serve as a threshold for further therapeutic interventions.
A novel prognostic biomarker for cutaneous malignant melanoma: red cell distribution width (RDW) to lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Hannarici Zekeriya , Yilmaz Ali , Buyukbayram Mehmet E. , Tekin Salim B. , Bilici Mehmet
Published: September 2021

It is well-known that inflammation plays a significant role in cancer formation and prognosis. Both lymphocyte count and red cell distribution width (RDW) has been used to predict prognosis in various cancers as an indicator of inflammation. Yet, the role of RDW-lymphocyte ratio (RLR) in determining prognosis is still unknown. We aimed to determine the prognostic role of RLR in cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). One hundred fifteen patients with MM were included in the study retrospectively. The relationship of the clinical-pathological data with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The cut-off values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and RLR were determined as 2, 487, 51.5 and 6.52, respectively. OS was significantly longer in the low SII, high PNI, low RLR group, while PFS was longer in groups with high PNI and low RLR. In univariate analysis, it was determined that PFS was significantly correlated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance, TNM stage, PNI and RLR. Moreover, in univariate analysis, a significant correlation was determined between OS and age, ECOG performance, TNM stage, adjuvant interferon, SII, PNI and RLR. In multivariate analysis, ECOG performance, TNM stage and RLR were determined as independent prognostic factors for PFS, while TNM stage and RLR were found to be independent prognostic factors for OS. RLR could be a novel prognostic marker for both PFS and OS in patients with cutaneous MM.