bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the correlation between text neck syndrome and vertigo in young adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Momani Murad
Published: December 2024

Background:

Vertigo and dizziness are common across all age groups, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 30% in adults. Young adults and adolescents also exhibit a high prevalence, with up to 20% experiencing these symptoms. Among the primary risk factors is neck pain, particularly cervicogenic dizziness, which has a prevalence of around 40% in adults. Recent studies have shown a significant association between smartphone overuse and neck pain, often referred to as “text neck.”

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between text neck syndrome and the prevalence of vertigo in young adults, focusing on understanding the potential mechanisms and implications for preventive measures.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational survey design was employed, targeting individuals aged 18–40 years from the local community. A total of 902 subjects completed the Situational Vertigo Questionnaire (SVQ) and provided data on sociodemographic factors, smartphone use, and neck pain severity. The SVQ was translated into Arabic using a backward–forward translation process. Descriptive statistics, multiple logistic regression, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyses were conducted.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 26.7 years (standard deviation = 6.2). The average daily duration of smartphone use was 3 h. The sample consisted of 56% of females and 44% of males. The 12-month prevalence of situational vertigo was 37.6%, with the majority (31%) experiencing mild vertigo. Significant correlations were found between SVQ scores and neck pain (r = 0.89) and between SVQ scores and smartphone use duration (r = 0.66). Neck pain was also significantly correlated with smartphone use duration (r = 0.57). Linear regression analysis indicated an excellent simple correlation (r = 0.91) with an r
2 of 0.82, showing that neck pain severity and smartphone use duration significantly predicted SVQ scores.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrated a significant association between text neck syndrome and vertigo in young adults. The findings highlight the need for preventive measures to address neck pain and excessive smartphone use to mitigate the risk of vertigo.
Cognitive resource allocation in deaf individuals: Any implications for injurious falls?
Authors: Jones Emily , Brown Julie , Oh Chorong
Published: December 2024

Background:

This mixed-methods pilot study was designed to investigate the possible risk of injurious falls in American Sign Language (ASL) users. Sign language is highly cognitive, yet the impacts of concurrent cognitive load among ASL users are unclear. Research on dual task of walking and signing may provide functional and critical information to prevent injurious falls in the Deaf community where ASL is a primary language. The current study was designed to investigate the potential fall risks due to the simultaneous activity of walking and signing among ASL users.

Methods:

Five ASL users (4 native ASL users and 1 ASL interpreter) participated in the study. Participants completed three walking tasks under a different cognitive load: Walking without signing, walking while retelling the Cinderella story using ASL, and walking while having a conversation in ASL. Four gait parameters (i.e., functional ambulation profile (FAP), velocity, stride length (SL), and double support time [DST]) were measured using the GAITRite© Portable Walkway System from CIR Systems, Inc. Following the walking tasks, a semi-structured interview was conducted to understand participants’ subjective perception of potential fall risks associated with the dual task.

Results:

The one-way analysis of variance with the within-subject factor of cognitive load and the Tukey post hoc test revealed participants’ gait stability decreased as the cognitive load increased, evidenced by the significant decrease in FAP scores, SL, and velocity, and increase in DST. Through the qualitatively thematic analysis of the interview, three themes were identified: Walking and signing is a common experience in the Deaf community; signers maintain compensatory strategies; and cultural rules to minimize fall risks while walking and signing exist.

Discussion:

While the sample size was limited, objective gait deterioration was found in all participants which implies increased fall risks. In addition, participants stated cultural rules and strategies that evidence the presence of such gait changes. The results from this pilot study suggest that while the risk of falls is underperceived, the impact of such an occurrence is felt throughout this sample of Deaf community members. Further investigations in this area are warranted.

Conclusion:

This pilot study reveals that walking and signing concurrently may increase fall risk among ASL users, as evidenced by objective gait deterioration and participants’ noted compensatory strategies. These findings emphasize the need for greater awareness and further research on fall prevention approaches within the Deaf community.
Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device – What influences its use? A qualitative study from Bengaluru urban district, India
Authors: Thattil Anissa Mary Thomas , Ramesh Naveen , Sunny Sobin , Chakraborty Sagnik , Gerard Sukesh , Scaria Francis Joseph , Siddaiah Archana
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The postpartum family planning program was introduced in 2009, and free services are being provided by the Government of India. However, the unmet need for family planning continues to be high in Karnataka (6.5%) with the unmet need for spacing at 3.8%. This may be due to a lack of understanding of the cultural, religious, and socioenvironmental factors in determining the utilization of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCDs) services. This study therefore attempted to understand factors which influence the acceptance of PPIUCD from the user, provider, and community perspectives in rural Bengaluru.

Material and Methods:

A qualitative study was conducted in the Government Taluk Hospital, Anekal, Bengaluru Urban District, Karnataka, India. Two focus group discussions and six key informant interviews were conducted, and data analysis was done using a thematic framework approach. The primary themes identified in our study were “client dependent,” “healthcare dependent,” and “solutions to the identified barriers.”

Results:

Two novel domains that emerged from the data analysis were that of “fear of side effects” and “family dynamics.” The attitude toward and use of PPIUCD was found to be the result of an interplay between the following: educational status, religion, misconceptions, fear of side-effects, poor reproductive autonomy, male child preference, increased client involvement, increasing women empowerment, and knowledgeable healthcare providers.

Conclusion:

The determinants of PPIUCD acceptance function at individual, family, and community levels. These need to be tackled to address the unmet need for family planning and spacing. Accurate information must be provided while simultaneously addressing the fears and misconceptions of clients.
Borrowing, loss of income and related sociodemographic factors in post-traumatic stress disorder in COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study from a government hospital in Mumbai, India
Authors: Bhondve Amit , Tilak Shruti Vijay , Sudarson Nived G. , More Shermeen Rajesh , Saraf Prashant Harish , Singh Shreyansh Dinesh , Lele Eeshwari Vinay , Shah Ritu Mohit , Shah Kavya Amitabh , Mehra Diya Padam
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Socioeconomic and related demographic characteristics may contribute to psychological distress following hospitalization with COVID-19. Financial strain experienced during the hospital stay may be associated with a heightened risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Material and Methods:

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of PTSD among patients previously hospitalized with COVID-19 in a government hospital in Mumbai, India, through a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study design. Patients were contacted through telephonic interviews 3 months following discharge. The questionnaire included demographic and socioeconomic details in relation with COVID-19 hospitalization and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).

Results:

Only (6.7%) patients received a provisional diagnosis of PTSD, while 12/89 (13.5%) were classified as having subthreshold PTSD. 10/89 (11.2%) scored ≥31 on the PCL 5 and had probable PTSD. 10/89 (11.2%) scored ≥31 on the PCL-5. On bivariate analyses, being unmarried or divorced or separated (P = 0. 037), having children who were minors (P = 0. 002), traveling from outside the state for hospitalization (P < 0.001), borrowing (P = 0.002), or loss of income (P = 0.028) due to hospitalization were significantly associated with subthreshold PTSD. On multivariable analysis, borrowing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.45, 95% CI 1.08–82.72) and traveling from outside the state (AOR 35.75, 95% CI 1.46–875.45, P = 0.028) retained significance for subthreshold PTSD.

Conclusion:

Socioeconomic factors may contribute to PTSD burden in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This points to a need for mental health screening and economic relief measures in financially vulnerable patients.
Harnessing Data-mining Algorithms to Model and Evaluate Factors Influencing Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Variations in a Mining Industry
Authors: Zare Sajad , Esmaeili Reza , Nakhaei pour Mojtaba
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to gauge the condition of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in workers, followed by modeling and estimating the weight of factors affecting changes in their emissions.

Methods:

The present study comprises two main phases. In the first phase, the OAEs were assessed using the distortion product OAEs (DPOAEs) test. Furthermore, the occupational factors influencing fluctuations in OAEs, including sound exposure, frequency, age, work experience, and exposure time, were measured. In the second phase, the weight of the factors affecting OAEs was investigated using deep learning (DL) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms.

Results:

The results of both algorithms showed that sound exposure had the greatest effect (weighting between 36% and 45%) on the changes in OAEs. Frequency, with a weight ranging from 19% to 25%, was recognized as the second factor impacting the changes in DPOAEs. Conversely, age had the slightest effect on OAEs (weighing between 6% and 11%). The results also showed that the DL algorithm had higher accuracy compared to the SVM algorithm.

Conclusions:

As a result of determining the weight of factors causing variations in OAEs, the allocation of resources for control measures and effective reduction will be accomplished more efficiently and accurately.
Identification of Infectious Bacteria in Dental Units
Authors: Moradnia Maryam , Mousavi Shaghayegh , Darvishmotevalli Mohammad , Karimi Hossein , Qazvini Fatemeh Fotoohi
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial contamination of surfaces and water of dental units of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

Methods:

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the surgery and periodontal units at the Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Totally, 108 samples were collected from different parts of the dental units. Total Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, and Escherichia coli were counted before and after disinfection by deconex.

Results:

The results of this study showed that before and after disinfection, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Coliforms were the most frequent bacteria in periodontal (100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively) and surgery wards (100%, 100%, and >83%, respectively). There was no significant relationship between pre and postdisinfection in terms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa for other parts of the surgery and periodontics units (p >0.05). Furthermore, the statistical results indicated that all parts of the surgery and periodontics surfaces were statically significant pre and postdisinfection in term of Coliforms (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the rate of microbial pollution in water lines and surfaces of the dental units is high. Furthermore, since a significant number of bacteria were identified after disinfection, it indicates the improper use of disinfectants.
Comparing the Effectiveness, Procedural Time, and Postoperative Outcomes of Rotary and Reciprocating Systems in Root Canal Instrumentation
Authors: Shetty Rashmi G. , Tarun G. S. , Naik K. Supreetha S. , Prakash Karanam Apoorva , Shanmugam Sandhya , Prasad B. S. Keshava
Published: December 2024

Objective::

The study aims to compare the effectiveness, procedural time, and postoperative outcomes of rotary and reciprocating systems in root canal instrumentation.

Materials and Methods::

This randomized clinical trial involved 30 patients requiring root canal treatment in single-rooted teeth. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (rotary system) and Group B (reciprocating system), with 15 participants each. ProTaper Gold files were used for the rotary system, whereas WaveOne Gold files were employed for the reciprocating system. Outcome measures included canal cleanliness assessed radiographically, procedural time, and postoperative pain evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale at 6, 24, and 48 h. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results::

The reciprocating system demonstrated significantly lower procedural time (14.6 ± 1.8 min) compared to the rotary system (18.9 ± 2.3 min) (P < 0.05). Postoperative pain was lower in the reciprocating group at all intervals, but differences were not statistically significant. Canal cleanliness scores were comparable between both the groups.

Discussion::

The reciprocating system’s single-file technique enhances procedural efficiency and reduces stress on canal walls, potentially leading to less postoperative discomfort. Rotary systems, however, provide greater control and precision, making them ideal for anatomically complex cases. Both systems were effective in achieving adequate canal preparation.

Conclusion::

Reciprocating systems excel in procedural efficiency and comfort, whereas rotary systems offer superior precision. Clinicians should select the system based on case complexity and patient-specific needs to optimize treatment outcomes.
Efficacy of Antibacterial Sealing Gel to Prevent Microleakage at the Implant-abutment Interface; Detection of Biofilm Formation on the Implant Surfaces; and Verification of the Same with Polymerase Chain Reaction – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Nayak Aishwarya Gajanan , Nadiger Ramesh , Bhat Kishore , Ingalgi Preeti , Kulkarni Raghvendra
Published: December 2024

Background::

Implant abutment interface has a microgap that is often colonized by microorganisms. These organisms might form a biofilm on the implant surface which may lead to peri implantitis and bone loss eventually.

Aim::

The study aimed to detect the ability of the microbial isolates to form a biofilm on the implant surface.

Objective::

To verify the biofilm production by polymerase chain reaction.

Materials and Methods::

Thirty implants and abutments of a known company were taken and divided into two groups-Test group and Control group with fifteen implants and abutments assembled in each group. The test group were assembled with the antimicrobial sealant at the implant abutment interface while the Control group were assembled without the antimicrobial sealant at the interface. All the thirty implant abutment assemblies were sterilized by cold sterilization and were then immersed in test tubes that contain thyoglycollate broth and checked for sterility overnight. Ten micro liter suspension of the commonly isolated organisms were added and mixed to these test tubes. After the incubation period the implants were removed from the broth; cleaned 2-3 times with de-ionized water. The scrapings on the implant surface were collected in the tube with Tris-Ethylenediamine Tetra-Acetic Acid Buffer for DNA Extraction. DNA extraction of the sample was done and taken up for Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the specific targeted gene.

Results::

The microbial growth was present in both test as well as control groups however the test group with an antibacterial sealant showed comparatively lesser growth.

Conclusion::

The microorganisms did form a biofilm and PCR testing of these samples showed that the predominant biofim forming genes were that of Staphylococcus aureus and of Streptococcus mutansfollowed by P gingivalis.
Lateral circumflex femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following transfemoral coronary intervention
Authors: Davulury Sri Satyavathi , Bhan Vinod
Published: December 2024

Post-femoral access arterial injuries are well-known entities with attendant complications involving common femoral, superficial femoral and profunda femoris arteries, and rarely, pelvic vessel injuries were described. We report the case of pseudoaneurysm of the lateral circumflex femoral artery following percutaneous coronary angioplasty for unstable angina and left circumflex coronary artery stenting. The patient underwent open surgical repair for femoral pseudoaneurysm with uneventful recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pseudoaneurysm from the lateral circumflex femoral artery following percutaneous coronary intervention.
Guillain–Barre syndrome: An atypical presentation of IRIS on initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a newly diagnosed HIV infected
Authors: Patel Hardik , Majumdar Debajyoti , Modak Dolanchampa
Published: December 2024

We report the occurrence of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) along with disseminated histoplasmosis in a 45-year-old male who had tested seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Histoplasmosis was treated with conventional amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole. Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral drugs were initiated, as per the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) recommendations, and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. After 3 months of treatment, he was readmitted with rapid onset of bilateral weakness of limbs, initially lower and then progressed to upper limbs along with difficulty in swallowing. On evaluation, he had symmetrical quadriparesis in the form of motor weakness, loss of posterior column sense, bulbar involvement and bilateral facial lower motor neuron nerve palsy with areflexia. Elevated protein was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis of GBS was made, patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and invasive ventilatory support was added for respiratory paralysis. He showed clinical signs of improvement and was discharged in a favourable condition after 2 weeks. At the time of discharge, his CD4+ T-cell count was 586,000 cells/mm3 and plasma viral load was <150 copies/mL.
Resolving sub-internal limiting membrane haemorrhage mimicking as endogenous endophthalmitis
Authors: Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar , Mohanty Loknath , Thareja Japesh
Published: December 2024

A 43-year-old male presented with painless loss of vision in the left eye (LE) of 5 days duration. The patient had been hospitalised for cerebral malaria and kidney infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae growth had been obtained from blood and urine cultures, and the patient had been diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis elsewhere. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in LE was 20/60, N12. Fundus examination showed a yellowish-white lesion in the macular area in LE. Optical coherence tomography revealed sub-internal limiting haemorrhage in LE. The patient was observed. Two weeks following presentation BCVA in LE improved to 20/32, N6 with almost complete resolution of lesion.
Efficacy of Topical Corticosteroid vs PUVAsol Following Split Thickness Grafting in Stable Vitiligo: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Mehta Prafull , Yadav Chinmai , Kumar Ramesh , Jain Suresh
Published: December 2024

Background:

Vitiligo is a common, acquired, discoloration of the skin, characterized by well circumscribed, ivory or chalky white macules which are flush to the skin surface. Although majority of cases are managed by medical therapies, surgical methods are reserved for lesions not responding to medical treatment and are stable in nature. The basic principle surgical method is the transfer of melanocytes from uninvolved skin to the stable vitiligo patch in the form of either tissue graft or cellular graft.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of topical corticosteroids and PUVAsol in repigmentation of vitiligo patch following split-thickness skin grafting.

Methods:

Twenty patients of stable vitiligo having total 30 patches were included in the study of which 15 completed it. Each patch is subjected to split-thickness skin grafting and then randomly divided into two groups of fifteen each. Group A received PUVAsol therapy while other received topical steroid therapy started 4 weeks after surgery. During the follow-up of 6 months, five patients were lost to follow-up; fifteen patients were evaluated for pigment spread and side effects at 1st, 4th, 8th, and 24th week.

Results:

Eight patients (61.53%) in PUVA sol group and seven patients (58.3%) in steroid group had excellent (>90%). Color matching of grafted area was observed to be better with steroid therapy (83.3%), then PUVAsol (76.9%).

Conclusion:

Although the extent of repigmentation was more in Group A (PUVAsol) then in Group B, the color matching and the side effect profile were improved in Group B (topical steroid). The use of topical corticosteroid is much less cumbersome, cheaper, and easy to administer at home. The limitation of our study was short follow-up and small sample size.
Necrobiosis Lipoidica through the Microscope
Authors: Mehrotra Parul , Tirumalae Rajalakshmi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare, idiopathic granulomatous dermatitis, known for its strong association with diabetes mellitus (DM). Most of the literature available is based on the western population, and studies focusing on histopathology are few. The largest series from India reported so far comprised six cases.

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to highlight the histopathologic spectrum and presentations of NL in Indian patients.

Methods:

We reviewed eight cases diagnosed as NL over 10 years. Clinical features were recorded, and various histopathologic parameters were reassessed.

Results:

The age ranged from 26 to 77 years with a mean of 42, with a female preponderance of 3:1. Clinical presentations included erythematous indurated plaques, painful nodules, and ulcers on the legs. Only one patient had DM. Provisional diagnosis ranged from granuloma annulare to mycosis fungoides. One patient had generalized involvement, with nodules on the upper limbs, trunk, and face. His DM was detected after the onset of lesions. Histopathologic features common to all cases were altered collagen, tiered arrangement of necrobiosis, myointimal hyperplasia and luminal narrowing of blood vessels, and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. The upper dermis was involved in five cases and subcutis in four cases. The patterns of granulomas were mixed (6/8), tuberculoid (1/8), and palisading (1/8). Plasma cells were predominant in only one case. Perineural inflammation was seen in one case. A perforating variant was seen in one case. None of the cases had dermal mucin.

Conclusion:

Diagnosis of NL relies on clinicopathologic correlation. Our series highlights variations in histopathology compared to classically described findings such as involvement of upper dermis, striking vascular changes, rarity of palisading granulomas, perineural inflammation, and paucity of plasma cells. It is important to be aware of these in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
Cooking Nutritious Food: A Family-oriented Approach Free from Gender Bias - A Viewpoint
Authors: Shah Varsha , Patel Meghana , Lakhani Jitendra D.
Published: December 2024

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in disease prevention and treatment, making the cooking of nutritious meals a vital family activity. However, traditional gender roles often dictate who prepares meals, leading to inequities in health knowledge and outcomes. This article discusses the importance of a family-oriented approach to cooking that promotes shared responsibilities among all family members, regardless of gender. By examining the relationship between cooking, nutrition, and health, particularly in disease prevention and management, this article emphasizes the need for equitable participation in meal preparation. Strategies for fostering a collaborative cooking environment are outlined, with implications for public health and family dynamics.
Detection of porphyromonas gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma using qRT-PCR: A comparative study
Authors: Suganya G , Sahana NS , Akalya P , Yadav Satish T. , Suresh T , Chandrakala J
Published: December 2024

Background:

Recent researches has shown a significant association between microorganisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Porphyromonas gingivalis, the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is considered as an important potential etiologic agent of OSCC, but the underlying mechanisms by which P. gingivalis mediates OSCC progression remain poorly understood.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the levels of P. gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders, oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa using qRT-PCR.

Method and Material:

Genomic DNA was extracted and quantified, and the expression of the P. gingivalis levels was done in 16 cases of oral potentially malignant disorders, 16 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 16 cases of normal oral mucosa by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results:

It was observed that there was an over expression of P. gingivalis in both oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma with good mean cycle threshold (CT) value of 27.00 and 27.55, respectively. When comparing the levels of P. gingivalis in three groups, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) showed higher expression than normal mucosa and in between two groups OSCC showed higher expression than OPMD and the difference is statistically significant with P value less than 0.001.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that there is an over expression of P. gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma, compared to normal mucosa and highly expressed in OSCCs compared to OPMD. Increased levels of P. gingivalis in OPMDs and OSCCs may suggest the early event of tumorigenesis. Hence, it can be used as a valuable marker for early diagnosis, prognosis marker and in the identification of therapeutic targets.
The outcomes between cystic decompression and marsupialisation methods in odontogenic cysts and cyst-like tumours: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Rungsaeng Kannika , Pittayapat Pisha , Panya Sappasith , Kamolratanakul Paksinee
Published: December 2024

Context:

Marsupialization and decompression are treatments designed to reduce hydrostatic pressure which results in reducing the cystic size and increasing the bone density of the lesion.

Aims:

To compare the percentage of cystic size reduction and the percentage of change in radiographic density from marsupialisation and two types of decompression: tube drain and stent.

Settings and Design:

Retrospective analysis of panoramic films was conducted to evaluate cystic size and intralesional density.

Materials and Methods:

Data were analysed from 40 cases, including 31 cases of odontogenic cyst and 9 cases of cyst-like tumour, treated at Chulalongkorn University’s Faculty of Dentistry from 2009 to 2019. The percentage of cystic size reduction and percentage of change in radiographic density were analysed before the procedure and three months after treatment. The density and size of the odontogenic cysts were determined using Image J software version 1.43.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:

The percentage of cystic size reductions when using marsupialisation, decompression with a tube drain and decompression with a stent were 31.49 ± 7.43, 35.42 ± 10.58 and 30.99 ± 7.16, respectively (P = 0.366). The percentage of change in radiographic density was 25.21 ± 7.04, 27.09 ± 7.96 and 24.94 ± 5.35, respectively (P = 0.661). There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between the groups.

Conclusions:

Decompression with a tube drain yielded both the highest percentage of size reduction and the highest percentage of change in radiographic density in the cyst, although this better performance was not statistically significant. We recommend decompression with a tube drain, as it effectively maintains an open drainage pathway and prevents collapse of the cyst opening. This continuous release of hydrostatic pressure is beneficial in promoting gradual bone healing and regeneration.
Quantification of DNA, in dried blood, saliva tinged with blood in comparision with fresh blood for forensic identification- A pilot study
Authors: Manjunathan Kangan , Bavle Radhika Manoj , Menon Mrinalini , Venugopal Reshma , Makarla Soumya , Nair Sankha
Published: December 2024

The important tenet of forensic science is personal identification based on DNA studies. The use of DNA has changed the specificity and sensitivity of victim identity tests associated with criminology, trauma, and natural disasters in Forensic Science. Blood is a proven source of DNA quantification for these analyses. The use of saliva, which can be acquired more easily in a simple and atraumatic method is gaining preference; as some of its advantages include – collection of larger sample numbers, easy replication of tests in duplicates and triplicates, and repetitions if advocated, can easily be performed. Though it yields a comparatively slightly lesser quantity of DNA, some of the samples – like dried blood and blood-tinged saliva, have the potential to be used in forensic sciences and provide a better result than simple saliva. Such samples are valuable sources of genetic material that can be utilized in crime and forensic investigations.

The present study is one of few studies to be explored in this sphere as very few studies using blood-tinged saliva and dried blood have been conducted so far.

Aims and Objectives:

To determine if blood-tinged saliva or dried blood yields a good amount of DNA. To compare it with fresh blood samples for authentication.

Materials and Methodology:

The study groups: Group A – n = 20 normal blood samples, Group B – n = 20 of saliva-tinged blood samples and Group C – Dried Blood samples from the same subjects. DNA was isolated from these 60 samples using Xplorogen DNA isolation and extraction kit. The quality and quantity of DNA isolation were determined using a spectrophotometric technique using a Biospectrometer.

Results:

The extracted DNA was quantified and the yield was 83.3 ± 9.4, 55.1 ± 7.4, and 73.4 ± 8.7 μg/ml in fresh blood, dried blood, and blood-tinged saliva, respectively. Out of the 60 samples assessed, all 100% samples yielded a sufficiently good DNA content. Extraction from Blood tinged with saliva showed promising results when compared to dried blood and the levels obtained were closely comparable to whole blood (fresh).

Conclusion:

Blood is a standard sample for ample DNA yields in forensic studies. We conclude in this study, that blood-tinged saliva gives an equally good sample for utilization in DNA detection in those situations where such samples are traced (even at a later date) at the scene of crime, or mass disasters for forensic analysis.
Sexual dimorphism in the permanent maxillary first molar in a population of Maharashtrian ancestry: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mhatre Vibhuti Shreesh , Pathak Jigna , Choudhari Sheetal , Swain Niharika , Deshpande Sneha Masne , Terni Prachiti
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Teeth, being the most stable tissues in the body, can serve as excellent sources in forensic investigations. Tooth size standards based on odontometric investigations can be used for sex determination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in the buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of permanent maxillary first molars in a population of Maharashtrian ancestry.

Materials and methods:

This study was conducted on 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) of the Maharashtrian population, in the age group of 18–25 years. The buccopalatal (BP) and mesiodistal (MD) diameters of the maxillary first molars were measured using digital vernier callipers on the study casts.

Results:

Unpaired t-tests and paired t-tests were used to analyse the data. There was a statistically significant sexual dimorphism (P < 0.01) in the permanent maxillary first molar dimensions in the Maharashtrian population.

Conclusion:

Sexual dimorphism in permanent maxillary first molars may serve as a supplementary tool in sex determination and also provide population-specific baseline data.
Histomorphometric analysis of lichen planus and lichenoid lesions – Retrospective study
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Manti , Rajasekhar Bandela , Shetty Vishwaprakash , Prakash Animelli Jacob , Rao Thokala Madhusudhan , Latha H Aparna
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Though it has a different aetiology, lichenoid lesions and lichen planus are both chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous conditions with similar clinical and histological characteristics. Uncertainty persists despite the development of recommendations for distinguishing oral lichen planus from lichenoid diseases.

Materials and Methodology:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 25 cases of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), and normal oral mucosa (NOM) that had been histologically diagnosed. Using imagej analysis software, morphometric assessments of the cellular area, nuclear area, nucleus cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear diameter, and cellular diameter of suprabasal cells were performed on sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The data were then analysed using ANOVA.

Results:

Our study’s findings demonstrated that, in comparison to the normal oral mucosa, the mean values of the nuclear area, cellular area, nuclear diameter, and cellular diameter in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions were higher.

Conclusion:

In the current investigation, we also found that, in comparison to normal mucosa, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was lower in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions.
Unveiling the third dimension of tooth shape: 2D versus 3D geometric morphometry of human post-canine dentition
Authors: Natarajan Srikant , Ahmed Junaid , Shetty Shravan , Jose Nidhin P. , Chowdappa Sharada , Chengappa Kavery
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Geometric morphometry is an effective tool for studying teeth morphology for quantifying variations in dental shape across individuals and populations. This study aims to analyse the dimorphism of human post-canine maxillary and mandibular tooth shape by utilising 2D and 3D landmark data and compare the effectiveness of both methods in detecting allometry and shape characteristics.

Methods:

Pre-treatment dental casts (N = 160) from patients aged 13–20 were digitised, and 2D and 3D anatomic landmarks on maxillary and mandibular post-canine teeth were marked. The data were evaluated using principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis, and regression analysis of shape coordinates with centroid size using MorphoJ morphometric software.

Results:

Principal component analysis revealed that 20–30% of the principal components explained 80% variation in tooth shape. The maxillary second molar and mandibular second premolar had the largest differences in variance between 2D and 3D data. The two-cusp type mandibular second premolar and maxillary second molar displayed the highest variation in 3D analysis. The mandibular second premolar (two-cusp type) had the highest overall accuracy in classifying sex, followed by the maxillary first and second molars.

Conclusion:

3D data collection offers advantages over 2D methods, but it has limitations and trade-offs. It can be time-consuming and expensive and require specialized equipment or software. 2D methods may miss important depth axis variation or capture biological variation. Researchers must carefully consider the benefits and limitations of both methods before choosing. This study provides valuable insight into post-canine tooth shape dimorphism and contributes to existing knowledge in the field.
Unveiling the enigma: Navigating extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease in the maxilla - A teen’s journey
Authors: Premalatha B , Raj K Barath , Balamurali PD , Arulvizhi M
Published: December 2024

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD), a rare histiocytic disorder, typically manifests as widespread lymphadenopathy. We present a unique case of extranodal RDD in a 14-year-old with a solitary maxillary lesion and mild bilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy. Clinical, radiological, and histopathological assessments confirmed RDD, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach. Immunohistochemistry, including CD68, CD45, CD 1a, and S100, played a crucial role in diagnosis. Differential diagnoses encompassed Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Erdheim–Chester disease, lymphomas, and histiocytic sarcoma, necessitating meticulous evaluation. Surgical excision was performed due to bone involvement, leading to successful healing in six months. Our case underscores the significance of a multidisciplinary and scientific approach for accurate RDD diagnosis and management, especially in atypical intraoral presentations.
Role of Moisturisers in Atopic Dermatitis: Expert Group Recommendations from a Malaysian Panel via Modified Delphi Consensus Method
Authors: Affandi Azura Mohd , How Kang Nien , Kwan Zhenli , Yap Felix Boon-Bin , Chng Chin Chwen , Tan Wooi Chiang , Yap Evelyn Wen Yee , Selvarajah Latha , Raja Teeba , Kon Khen Meng
Published: December 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterised by dry skin, pruritus and recurrent eczematous lesions. Challenges in the management of AD include fear associated with the use of corticosteroids, compliance issues and frequent flare-ups impacting the quality of life. Moisturisers are the cornerstone of AD management. In this study, we aim to develop the evidence-based consensus recommendations regarding the role and choice of moisturisers for AD. An electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was undertaken to identify the relevant articles using keywords such as ‘atopic dermatitis’, ‘eczema’, ‘moisturiser’, ‘humectant’, ‘occlusive’, ‘emollient’, ‘selection’, ‘ingredients’, ‘efficacy’, ‘safety’, ‘formulation’, ‘paediatric’, ‘adult’, ‘prevention’ and ‘guidelines’. A modified Delphi consensus methodology was used to achieve the consensus. A committee of nine dermatologists from Malaysia constituted the panel. Twenty-five questions belonging to five domains were drafted: (i) challenges impacting the regular use of moisturisers in AD; (ii) selection criteria; (iii) role of bioactive ingredients in alleviating AD symptoms; (iv) clinical effectiveness of moisturisers and (v) early initiation of moisturisers for AD prevention. Consensus was set a priori as a minimum agreement of 80%. The panel agreed that moisturisers for AD management should contain humectants, occlusives and emollients to replenish epidermal lipids, retain moisture, reduce inflammation and restore skin barrier function. Regular moisturisation decreases flare-ups and enhances the effectiveness of topical corticosteroids. The experts recommended selecting moisturisers tailored to patient needs, considering factors such as the intensity of skin dryness, site of application, formulation, active ingredients, environmental humidity, climate and cost.
Griscelli Syndrome
Authors: Hossain Symran , Singh Hemanta Kumar , Dhar Suman Sourav , Pattanaik Biswajit
Published: December 2024

Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive immune deficiency disorder that is characterized by pigmentation disorder of the skin and hair, recurrent skin and sinopulmonary infections, neurologic problems, hypogammaglobulinemia, and variable cellular immunodeficiency. Three mutations have been described in different phenotypes of the disease. In most cases, GS leads to death in the first decade of life. We hereby report a case of 3-year-old girl child presenting with silvery gray hair, hypomelanosis, and features of hemophagocytosis. The probable diagnosis of GS type 2 (GS2) was made on a set of clinical features and laboratory criteria with hair microscopic findings. Our purpose is to emphasize the rarity of GS2 as a potentially fatal condition that can progress to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and the need for urgent intervention. Bone marrow transplant is the only curative treatment for GS2.
Potential Drug–Drug Interaction among Pediatric Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Harbi Manar A. , Azam Sohail , Almarzouqi Hala F.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

This study aims to identify the prevalence of drug–drug interactions among admitted pediatric patients, identify risk factors, and classify and identify the most common drug–drug interactions.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on neonatal and pediatric patients, 12 years or younger, admitted in or during December 2022. The data were collected by reviewing the medical files of the patients; subsequently, the number of pDDIs of co-administered medications was assessed using Lexicomp version 8.2.0.

Results:

Out of 395 patients, 162 (41%) were associated with having at least one pDDI. About 37%, 20%, and 43% were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and pediatric wards, respectively. The factors significantly linked with pDDIs were age, admission ward, diagnosis, length of stay, and the total number of drugs prescribed during admission. Moderate pDDIs were the most prevalent, 486 (72.1%); followed by minor pDDIs, 124 (18.4%); and then major pDDIs 64 (9.5%) with no contraindicated pDDIs encountered. The most prevalent major pDDIs were fentanyl + midazolam 15 (2.23%), while the most frequent moderate pDDIs were methylprednisolone + salbutamol 54 (8.01%), and ondansetron + paracetamol 32 (4.75%) was the most recurring minor pDDIs.

Conclusion:

The factors that were found to be significantly linked with pDDIs were age, admission ward, diagnosis, length of stay, and the total number of drugs prescribed during admission. Thus, further investigation of these factors is essential in mitigating pDDIs in admitted pediatrics.
Fabrication of Al18B4O33 Spherical Powder with Increased Fluidity via Control of B2O3 Particle Size and Distribution
Authors: Song Kiho , Lee Sang in , Song Hyunseung , Ahn Changui
Published: December 2024

Ceramic materials have become essential due to their high durability, chemical stability, and excellent thermal stability in various advanced industries such as aerospace, automotive, and semiconductor. However, high-performance ceramic materials face limitations in commercialization due to the high cost of raw materials and complex manufacturing processes. Aluminum borate (Al₁₈B₄O₃₃) has emerged as a promising alternative due to its superior mechanical strength and thermal stability, despite its simple manufacturing process and low production cost. In this study, we propose a method for producing Al₁₈B₄O₃₃ spherical powder with increased uniformity and high flowability by controlling the particle size of B₂O₃. The content ratio of the manufactured Al18B4O33 spherical powder was Al2O3: B2O3 = 87:13, and it exhibited a 17% reduction in the Hausner ratio (1.04) and a 29% decrease in the angle of repose (23.9°) compared to pre-milling conditions, demonstrating excellent flowability.
High-Temperature Steam Oxidation Behavior of Silicide- or Aluminide- Coated Mo and Nb Refractory Metals
Authors: Lim Woojin , Baek Je-Kyun , Kim JaeJoon , Kim Hyun Gil , Ryu Ho Jin
Published: December 2024

Refractory materials, such as molybdenum and niobium, are potential candidates for cladding material due to their high melting temperatures and desirable mechanical properties at higher temperatures than those of zirconium alloys. However, refractory materials have low resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures. Therefore, this study examined silicide or aluminide surface coatings as protection against rapid oxidation of refractory materials at elevated temperatures for a potential accident-tolerant fuel cladding. Silicide or aluminide layers were formed on refractory metal substrates by using the pack cementation method. The steam oxidation behavior of both coated and uncoated samples was compared by thermogravimetric analysis at 1200°C. The weight changes of the coated samples were greatly reduced than those of uncoated samples. Microstructural analyses demonstrated that the silicide and aluminide layers were oxidized to form a protective surface oxide that prevented rapid oxidation of the refractory substrate at elevated temperatures.
Molecular identification and characterization of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain showing potent degradation activity towards pyrene
Authors: Mohammad Ali Hani
Published: December 2024

Pyrene is a Polyaromatic hydrocarbon ubiquitously found in soils. Bioremediation of this lethal and toxic compound is of utmost importance due to its toxicity toward humans. It is imperative to identify and isolate bacterial species that readily degrade pyrene present in the soil. In this study soil samples were collected from different regions in the Madinah region and studied for the presence of bacterial species that readily degrade pyrene. Isolates were thoroughly studied for the degradation of Pyrene using Spectrophotometer, DCPIP Assay, and dry weight method. About 18 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples of Madinah. Among them, only P12 show high degradation activity. Furthermore, the potent strains were Identified using 16s rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas stutzeri. Results show that Pseudomonas stutzeri change color from blue to white in the presence of DCPIP dye compare to the control one. The optical density of this strain was also high at 600 nm wavelength compare to the other strains. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography analysis shows that one of the selected sample P12 shows 100 % degradative activity compare to the control one. The dry weight also confirms its degradative activity towards pyrene. Our study concludes that these strains can be used to clean the environment.