bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literacka rama wydawnicza w edycji dzieła Malchera Piotrkowity pt. „Przeciw morowemu powietrzu przestroga”
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska, Sitkowa Anna
Published: December 2021

In the article, the research is devoted to the study of titling press, stemmat, an inscription letter and a preface to the reader, constituting the literary framework of the only work known today by Malcher Piotrkowita, Jan Kostka’s court physician, voivode of Sandomierz. A warning against miasmas, issued after January 5, 1579, has survived till today in a unique form, belonging to the collection of the National Museum in Krakow / The Princes Czartoryski Museum. Piotrkowita’s book has not yet become an object of detailed studies, although, according to the author, it was the first comprehensive guide for the time of the plague, written by a Pole in his national language.
Epidemie dalekie i bliskie: mór pod piramidami i w wiejskiej chacie w XVI wieku – Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Peregrynacyja do Ziemi Świętej…" i „Victoria deorum” Sebastiana Fabiana Klonowica – konwencje opisu na tle literatury klasycznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polska, Kuran Michał
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to present outlook specificity to the topic of epidemics process described in two works Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł’s “Peregrination to the Holy Land” and “Victoria deorum” of Sebastian Fabian Klonowic on the background of Thucydides, Lucretius, Ovid and Boccacio. As the contexts are summoned relations of Homer and Virgil. Elements creating convention are following: description of symptoms, treatment attempts, medics’ hopelessness, mass death of population, consequences of social stratification during the plague, an increase of religious worship or escape into hedonistic use of life, loosening moral principles, population migrations, families’ fall, lack of respect for bodies and mass burials. Radziwiłł describes, from a distant perspective, a several-year dynamics of the epidemic’s development largely omitting conventions, Klonowic focuses on its process among the poorer classes, only partially taking up well known plots. Referring to literary tradition, he introduces new ones.
Between an Object and a Person: an Inverted Image / Icon
Authors: Popović Una
Published: December 2021

Relations between persons in the contemporary world often resemble those of the same persons towards objects. We are accustomed to ‘use’ – and even see – others as if they are, to put it in Kantian terms, merely a means to an end, and not as if they are an end in themselves. Such blurring of lines between objects and persons surely has significant moral and political consequences. However, in this paper I reach instead for a very traditional example and suggest it as a possible model for understanding these contemporary issues. I’d like to offer an analysis of icons, with regard to the concepts of latreia (worship) and proskynesis (devotion), developed and discussed in the Byzantine empire during the era of iconoclasm. By revisiting this old quarrel, I wish to invert the issue of persons becoming (like) objects, since in the case of the icons the question is whether an object can and should be treated as a person. Such an inverted image could, in my opinion, offer us a new perspective on contemporary intersubjective relations and present us with a double optic, which can teach us to distinguish between esteem for objects and respect for persons.
Idea praw człowieka – chwiejący się monument europejskiej kultury. Polemika z Rezolucją Parlamentu Europejskiego w sprawie ogłoszenia UE strefą wolności osób LGBTIQ
Authors: Bobko Aleksander
Published: December 2021

W artykule podjęta zostaje kwestia wykorzystania idei praw człowieka we współczesnych sporach na temat praw mniejszości seksualnych. W pierwszej części zostają przypomniane filozoficzne fundamenty, na których zasadza się idea praw człowieka. Podkreślony jest związek pomiędzy prawami jednostki a moralnymi obowiązkami. W części drugiej analizowane są treści i przesłanie, które zawiera w sobie Rezolucja Parlamentu Europejskiego w sprawie ogłoszenia UE strefą wolności osób LGBTIQ z 11 marca 2021 roku. W ocenie autora dokument ten może stanowić przykład instrumentalnego wykorzystania idei praw człowieka, co grodzi zachwianiem pozycji tego swoistego „monumentu”, który w europejskiej i światowej kulturze oraz praktyce politycznej odgrywa niezwykle istotną rolę.
Cykliczny i linearny obraz dziejów w historiozofii XX wieku na podstawie myśli Oswalda Spenglera i Francisa Fukuyamy
Authors: Tomasiewicz Marcin
Published: December 2021

W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowane zostały dwa modele historiozoficzne, obecne w filozofii dziejów XX wieku. Pierwszy, zakładający cykliczność dziejów, ukazany został na podstawie dzieła Oswalda Spenglera Zmierz Zachodu. Drugi z kolei, linearny, stanowił założenie filozofii dziejów zawartej w Końcu historii i Ostatnim człowieku Francisa Fukuyamy. W tym kontekście poruszone zostały kwestie postępu i regresu, nieodwracalności procesu historycznego oraz determinizmu dziejowego. W podsumowaniu autor zwraca uwagę na to, w jaki sposób wybór określonej koncepcji dziejów: linearnej lub cyklicznej, koresponduje z krytyką bądź afirmacją zastanego porządku społeczno-politycznego. Jednocześnie zostaje postawione pytanie o znaczenie pojęcia „kultury”, jako charakterystycznego dla historiozofii XX wieku podmiotu dziejów.
A Predictive Performance Analysis of Vitamin D Deficiency Using a Decision Tree model
Authors: Osmani Freshteh
Published: December 2021

Background. HBV infection is a major health problem which may be life-threatening. Vitamin D (VD) is involved in various pathophysiological mechanisms in a plethora of diseases. And also, there is a strong demand for the prediction of its severity using different methods. The study aims to evaluate performance of DT as one of the machine learning models in the prediction of severity in vitamin D deficiency. Methods. In total, data containing serum VD levels were collected from 292 CHB patients. The independent characteristics such as: age, sex, weight, height, zinc, BMI, body fat, sunlight exposure, and milk consumption were used for prediction of VD deficiency. 60% of them were allocated to a training dataset randomly. To evaluate the performance of decision-tree the remaining 40% were used as the testing dataset. The validation of the model was evaluated by ROC curve. Results. The prevalence of VD deficiency was high among patients (63.0%). The final experimentation results showed that DT classifier achieves better accuracy of 96 % and outperforms well on training and testing of VD dataset. Also, the areas under the ROC curve AUC is 0.78, when we applied DT algorithm with the significant variables by cross validation, the values of AUC = 0.78 and 85.3% accuracy were obtained. Conclusion. We concluded that the serum level of Zn is an important associated risk factor for identifying cases with vitamin D deficiency. Also, the risk of VD deficiency could be predicted with high accuracy using decision tree learning algorithm that could be used for antiviral therapy in CHB patients.
Major pathogenicity factors of Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Burova L. A. , Totolian A. A.
Published: December 2021

Streptococcal diseases and their complications are among the global problems of international health. S. pyogenes (group A streptococci — GAS) is a pathogen that causes significant morbidity in different countries and different age groups of the population, occurring both sporadically and epidemically. Due to ineffective antibacterial therapy or its absence, 3–5% of people who have had streptococcal infection may develop complications such as acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and invasive complications: necrotizing fasciitis and myositis, septicemia and toxic shock syndrome, highly lethal due to the rapid development of the process and systemic organ damage. According to recent estimates, at least 517 000 deaths occur annually in the world due to diseases caused by GAS. The diverse arsenal of pathogenic factors of this pathogen is manifested in a combination of joint or sequential reactions in the process of microbial colonization of tissue, formation of the focus of infection and overcoming the host's defense mechanisms. It is an important point in the process of studying the pathogenesis of diseases caused by these microbes. The pathogenic factors of GAS can be divided into extracellular and associated with the microbial cell, predominantly with its cell wall. The spectrum activity of pathogenicity factors can be quite wide (M proteins, pyrogenic exotoxins, superantigens) or limited (serine and cysteine proteinases, streptokinase). Information about the specificity of pathogenicity factors, their properties, relationships, regulation and specific function in pathology is the task of scientific, as well as complex researches, leading to understanding the pathogen-host interaction. An integrated approach to the investigation of GAS pathogenicity factors is needed to study the pathogenicity of streptococci, since pathogenicity factors do not manifest themselves in isolation and are not always independently regulated. In many cases, regulators control the expression of more than one of them. S. pyogenes has been studied for about 150 years, but a number of issues related to their pathogenicity remain unknown to this day. Some factors need more in-depth study: for example, endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, arginine deiminase. Immunoglobulin-degrading enzymes require special attention due to their possible participation in the genesis of immunopathological processes of streptococcal etiology. This review summarizes the literature data about most of the pathogenicity factors of S. pyogenes and their role in the infectious process.
Marcas da ‘brasilidade’: negociações em torno de gênero, sexualidade e cor em Portugal
Authors: Alaman Jônatas Stritar , Passamani Guilherme R.
Published: December 2021

Resumo O presente trabalho tem como fio condutor as experiências de homens brasileiros que migraram para Portugal para exercerem o trabalho sexual como escorts. Para tanto, a partir de entrevistas e observações online, serão formuladas reflexões acerca de suas interações com clientes europeus, as características do mercado sexual no qual se inseriram, bem como as negociações subjacentes à prática prostitucional. As conclusões mostram como ocorre a marcação da diferença nesses contextos, referente a cor, gênero e sexualidade. Demonstramos que, mesmo em contextos assimétricos, sujeitos e identidades “subalternizadas” possuem agência e utilizam, a seu favor, marcas de seus corpos e de suas identidades em um processo contínuo e constitutivo de subjetividades.
DIFERENCIAS POR SEXO, EDAD Y GRADO ESCOLAR EN LA SOCIALIZACIÓN EN NIÑOS
Authors: Cueto Liliana Margarita Meza , Díaz Rubiela de la Concepción Godin , Álvarez Maria Laura Vergara
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer las diferencias en el perfil de socialización según sexo, edad y grado escolar en niños escolares del municipio de Sincelejo, Colombia. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa con diseño de investigación no experimental de corte transversal, y con alcance descriptivo- comparativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 101 niños con edades entre 6 y 14 años. El instrumento aplicado fue la batería de socialización BAS 1. En los resultados obtenidos se evidenció que existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las dimensiones sensibilidad social, respeto - autocontrol y agresividad - terquedad. En cuanto al grado escolar, existen diferencias entre grupos en las dimensiones liderazgo, sensibilidad social, jovialidad, agresividad-terquedad y apatía-retraimiento. A partir del estudio se reitera la necesidad de abordar el proceso de socialización de los niños bajo un enfoque diferencial, promoviendo estrategias pedagógico-didácticas que posibiliten su tratamiento.
Fenologia reprodutiva e vegetativa de três espécies ocorrentes em uma área de restinga urbana em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Alves Ingrid de Jesus , Paz Joicelene Regina Lima da , Moreira André Luiz da Costa , Pigozzo Camila Magalhães
Published: December 2021

RESUMO A fenologia vegetal auxilia na compreensão da dinâmica e manutenção dos processos ecológicos nos ecossistemas, pois pode predizer a periodicidade dos eventos. Neste estudo, caracterizamos o comportamento reprodutivo e vegetativo de três espécies vegetais lenhosas: Byrsonima microphylla A.Juss. (Malpighiaceae), Chamaecrista ramosa (Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) e Vellozia dasypus Seub. (Velloziaceae). Dez indivíduos de cada espécie foram acompanhados mensalmente, de outubro 2014 até setembro 2015, em uma área de restinga no Estado da Bahia. Floração e frutificação foram contínuas em B. microphylla e C. ramosa, e anual explosiva em V. dasypus, com valores intermediários e máximos de sincronicidade. As espécies são perenifólias, e as fenofases não têm correlação com os fatores abióticos. B. microphylla e C. ramosa apresentaram simultaneidade de flores e frutos em diferentes estágios, tornando os recursos disponíveis à guilda de visitantes florais e frugívoros ao longo do ano, o que torna essas espécies comuns em restingas fontes importantes de recursos, sobretudo quando considerando a sazonalidade deste ecossistema.
Pozzolanic efficiency of calcined clays in blended cements with a focus on early hydration
Authors: Beuntner Nancy , Thienel Karl-Christian
Published: December 2021

Fundamental knowledge about the reaction mechanism of calcined clays in cement and their mutual interaction is important for their assessment as supplementary cementitious materials and the resulting concrete properties. In this study, the hydration of two cements differing in alkali content and with the addition of a highly reactive, aluminium-rich metakaolin and a calcined common clay with low kaolinite content was investigated during the first 48 h. For this purpose, four established methods that describe the early hydration were used: isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, in situ X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis of pore solution. This as yet unique combination of methods led to greater understanding of the hydration behaviour of the complex binder (cement–calcined clay). The results showed considerable differences depending on the type of calcined clay, its chemical–mineralogical composition and fineness, especially with regards its reaction mechanism with aluminate clinker phases controlled by the composition of the pore solution. The impact of calcined clay on early clinker hydration extends far beyond well known physical effects.
(In)felicitous use of subjects in Greek and Spanish in monolingual and contact settings
Authors: Giannakou Aretousa , Sitaridou Ioanna
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on subject distribution in Greek and Chilean Spanish, both null subject languages, as evidenced in the oral production of monolingual and bilingual speakers. Narratives elicited from 40 monolinguals and 76 bilinguals of different types, namely, first- generation immigrants, heritage speakers, and L2 speakers, were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively to explore potential differences in expressing subject reference between the groups in monolingual and contact settings. The qualitative analysis of contexts of topic continuity and topic shift showed no overextension of the scope of the overt subject pronoun expected to be found in the bilingual performance according to the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace 2011; 2012) and previous research. The findings also show that the redundancy of lexical subjects observed in topic continuity contexts mostly involved felicitous (pragmatically appropriate) constructions. Moreover, while null subjects in topic shift were found to be mostly felicitous in both monolinguals and bilinguals, cases of ambiguity were observed in the bilingual performance in this discourse context.
Bristol Fashion: Reclaiming Cary Grant for Bristol – Film Heritage, Screen Tourism and Curating the Cary Comes Home Festival
Authors: Crofts Charlotte
Published: December 2021

This article re-examines Cary Grant’s star persona arguing that the importance of his Bristolian identity has been under-appreciated. Through a detailed discussion of attempts to promote his Bristolian roots including the biennial Cary Comes Home Festival (established 2014), the article argues that these activities have encouraged a re-evaluation of Cary Grant’s star identity, increased understanding of his importance to Bristol’s screen heritage, and helped promote film tourism to the city. The article outlines the history and development of the festival, critically reflecting on the curatorial practices that underpinned them. It is informed by three main interlinked theoretical areas: star studies; the literature on fan practices of cinematic tourism and pilgrimage, and festival studies. It analyses the ways in which expanded cinema programming provides opportunities for decentering the understanding of Grant’s persona as a Hollywood star, by exploring the festival’s programming of immersive cinematic experiences in locations that were significant to his Bristolian identity. The article also examines the impact of the festival’s role in relocating Grant within Bristol, the ways in which it has enhanced the city’s sense of its cinematic heritage – including achieving UNESCO City of Film status in October 2017 – and the ways in which Bristol has become a living archive through which and in which Cary Grant’s star persona is constructed and circulates, which has helped promote film tourism to the city today.
Rhetoric of Belonging and Transnational Appropriation in the Development and Marketing of the Bulgarian Popular Feature Love.net
Authors: Nedyalkova Maya
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on issues of representation and belonging, in an attempt to uncover how popular cinema in Bulgaria caters to national sensitivities while at the same time making the link with the global film industries. The Bulgarian popular feature Love.net (Ilian Djevelekov, 2011) is an example of the shift towards treating filmmaking in Bulgaria as a business as much as a cultural venture. It emerged as part of broader European trends, which put an emphasis on film development, marketing and stars, with the aim to counter Hollywood’s dominant market position. Love.net focuses on the role of the Internet as facilitating love, relations and communication in the contemporary world. On a textual level, and similarly to Love Actually (Richard Curtis, 2003), it explores the six degrees of separation theory, implicitly advocating for a world of interconnectedness. Contextually, Love.net created a sense of virtual belonging among the local online community, allowing them to participate in the film’s development and engage with its interactive marketing. Transnational stars provided a further point of contact and involvement. Through its mixed cast featuring home-grown and locally popular foreign actors, Love.net both channelled and challenged Hollywood, positioning European cinema as similar in glamour and attraction but different in identity.
Application of the dynamic Lorentz model to modeling the motion of a rigid body
Authors:   Institute for Integration and Professional Adaptation, Makeyev Nikolay
Published: December 2021

A qualitative research of the field of phase trajectories of the system of dynamic equations of an absolutely rigid body was carried out, moving around the selected pole under the influence of gyroscopic, dissipative forces and Coriolis inertia forces. The equations of body motion are reduced to a dynamical system generating a Lorentz attractor. Under parametric constraints imposed on the equations of a dynamical system, the structure of its phase trajectories is described depending on the values of the system parameters.
Representation of a solution for a system of linear inhomogeneous two-dimensional difference equations of fractional order
Authors:   Baku State University, Alieva S. T.
Published: December 2021

One linear inhomogeneous two-parameter discrete fractional system is considered, and the boundary condition is a solution of an analogue of the Cauchy problem for a linear ordinary difference equation. Equation coefficients are given by discrete matrix functions. By introducing an analogue of the Riemann matrix, representations of solutions of the considered boundary value problem are obtained. Note that the result obtained plays an essential role in the linear case for establishing a necessary and sufficient optimality condition in the form of the Pontryagin maximum principle, and also in the general case for studying special control in discrete optimal control problems for systems of 2D fractional orders.
Сonstruction of an instrumental model for the study of the system "Сomputer virus–Сarrier– automated workstation–local area network"
Authors:   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation, Goryachev S. N. , Kobyakov N. S. ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation, Kostarev S. N. ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The mechanism of computer virus infection of workstations is considered, the transmission of a virus from an infected workstation to an uninfected one. The impact of a computer virus on a local area network is analyzed. An instrumental model for the study of the system "computer virus-carrier-automated workstation-local-computer network" is presented.
Import substitution in the field of telecommunications and IT technologies
Authors:   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation, Osipov Vitaliy , Zhigalov Igor ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation, Lubyankov A. S. ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation, Antipov A. A. ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation, Titov E. V. ,   Perm Military Institute of the National Guard Forces of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article examines the problems that arise when solving the problem of import substitution in information systems that work in the interests of state authorities. The tasks of import substitution in the field of information technologies are formulated. The causes of the problem are analyzed. Possible ways of solving the problem are suggested.
Modification of the algorithm based on the Feistel network by adding an element of randomness into the encryption key
Authors:   Perm State University, Chernov Pavel , Shkaraputa Aleksander ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The article revealed the research of methods for constructing block ciphers and its advantages and disadvantages. The modified algorithm based on the Feistel network using Hamming codes and adding an element of randomness into the encryption key was proposed. Analysis of the main arameters of the algorithm in comparison with Feistel network was performed: resistance to cryptanalysis, execution time, increase in the volume of encrypted data. The analysis revealed the stronger resistance to cryptanalysis than the Feistel network, increased execution time and volume of encrypted data. The potential for building block ciphers based on the algorithm was explored.
Association of Ser447Ter polymorphisms of the LPL gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene with obesity in children and adolescents in the Rostov-on-Don population
Authors:   South Federal University, Abd Ali A. H. , Bocharova O. V. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Shkurat T. P. ,   South Federal University, Shkurat M. A. ,   ООО «Science», Amelina M. A. ,   South Federal University
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to study the correlation between the Ser447ter (C-G) polymorphisms of the LPL gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene and obesity in children and adolescents of the Rostov region (Russia). A case-control study examined the relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphisms of the FTO gene and Ser447Ter (S447X) of the LPL gene with obesity in 520 children and adolescents of both sexes aged 3 to 18 years: the main group consisted of 370 obese children and adolescents, and the control group - 150 children and adolescents without obesity. Genotyping of polymorphisms T / A rs9939609 of the FTO gene and C / G Ser447Ter of the LPL gene was performed using PCR- allele-specific primers. Polymorphisms of the FTO rs9939609 and LPL Ser447Ter genes in donor DNA samples were typed by the electrophoretic method using commercial test systems from the Litekh research and production com-pany (Russia). The relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene and obesity was revealed, differences (P<0.05) were established between the main and control groups in the frequency of occurrence of the AA genotype (P = 0.0079) and allele A (P = 0.005; OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51–0.88) of the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene. Combinations of genotypes with increased and decreased risk of obesity in the child and adolescent population of Rostov-on-Don were determined. Antagonistic rela-tionships between the rs9939609 polymorphisms of the FTO gene and Ser447Ter of the LPL gene are shown. Using the MDR method, combinations of genotypes with an increased and decreased risk of obe-sity in the child and adolescent population of Rostov-on-Don were established.
Diversity of culturable aerobic bacteria isolated from lindane-contaminated soils
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch RAS, Nazarova E. A. , Pervova M. G. ,   Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the RAS, Egorova D. O. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

It was found that in the soils sampled on the territory of OJSC "Sredne-Volzhsky plant of chemicals" in Chapaevsk, Samara region in 2013, the concentration of lindane varies in the range of 0.393 - 53.449 mg / kg of soil. 26 strains of aerobic culturable bacteria were isolated from soils. It was shown that there is a direct correlation between the level of contamination of the soil sample with lindane and the number of isolated strains. The dominant position is occupied by representatives of the phylum Proteobacteria, clas-ses α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria. It was found that strains of Ochrobactrum sp. NE3 and Ochrobactrum sp. 132 decompose by-products of biotransformation of lindane (1,2,4-TCB and 2,5-DCP), and can be recommended for use in biotechnologies for remediation of lindane-contaminated soils to prevent the ac-cumulation of hazardous compounds.
Structure of spider-harvestman assemblages (Arachnida, Araneae, Opiliones) of model biotopes of Visimskiy natural reserve
Authors:   Perm State University, Esyunin Sergei L. , Ukhova Nadezhda L. ,   Visimskiy Nature Reserve, Domolazova Anna M. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The assemblages of herpetobion spiders from four habitats: two seven-year-old burns, spruce-birch and fir-spruce forests, were examined in the Visimskiy Reserve (Sverdlovsk Region) during May-September 2017 using pitfall-traps. The structure of the spiders population of burns significantly differs from that of forests in species composition, total occurrence rate (ind./100 trap-days), seasonal dynamics and composi-tion of the dominant species. Differences in the structure of the population are most pronounced in the summer. In summer spider assemblages of burns, the most abundant are Agyneta allosubtilis, Alopecosa pulverulenta, P. fulvipes, P. lugubris, P. riparia and Piratula hygrophila, in forests - Allomengea scopigera and Haplodrassus soerenseni.
Features of the immune status of pupils under the influence of heterogeneous physical factors of a non-ionizing nature
Authors:   Perm State University, Lanin Dmitry V. ,   FSC for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies,   Perm State Medical University named after E.A. Wagner, Likhachev Konstantin N. ,   FSC for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Perm Region, Dolgikh Oleg V. ,   Perm State University,   FSC for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Sabitova Albina A. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

A hygienic assessment of a number of physical factors of the school environment was carried out and the features of the immune status of students under the influence of these factors in the gymnasium of Perm (observation group) were described in comparison with the features of the same indicators in students of a school in one of the cities of the Perm Region. All the studied physical factors, with the exception of the aeroionic composition of the air, did not exceed the maximum permissible levels established by sanitary requirements. In the air of all the examined classrooms of the gymnasium, the number of negative and positive aeroions was found to be inconsistent with the norm; at school, in a number of classrooms, the aeroion composition of the air corresponded to the norm. A comparative analysis of the immune system indicators revealed the presence of age-dependent changes in the expression of CD-receptors of lympho-cytes in the presence of additional sources of physical factors. In the students of the observation groups in primary, primary and high school, changes in individual classes of immunoglobulins were found both in relation to the comparison groups and in relation to the physiological norm. An imbalance of pro- and an-ti-inflammatory cytokines was found in children in primary and secondary schools of the gymnasium.
ENTERPRENEURSHIP: NATURE, CONTENT, AND ESSENCE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Taranukha Yury V.
Published: December 2021

I n recent times, entrepreneurship is given a special attention to as entrepreneurship is customarily seen to be a virtually free and unlimited factor of economic growth. Meanwhile, the question of its nature, content, and essence remains unresolved. This leads not only to a misunderstanding of the entrepreneurship mechanism and the behavior of entrepreneurs, but also to mistakes in economic policy in relation to entrepreneurship, in particular, associated with over-expectations regarding the entrepreneurs’ focus on social needs. The problem is aggravated by the fact that scientific literature claims that there are at least three approaches to entrepreneurship analysis: 1) entrepreneurship as an economic category, 2) as a management method, and 3) as a type of economic mindset. Each approach has its right to exist due to the versatility of the entrepreneurship phenomenon itself. The aim of this article is to study entrepreneurship as an economic category. This is driven by the fact that the other two aspects of the analysis can be appropriately described only if they are derived from the true nature of the phenomenon. Having the principles of the systemevolutionary approach in mind, the author shows the inextricable connection between entrepreneurship and the development of exchange and market economy. At the same time, it is proven that the variety of approaches to entrepreneurship stems both from the evolution of entrepreneurship itself and from wrong exploitation of its analysis methodology. This approach is novel because the article looks at entrepreneurship as a special type of business behavior. This gives a substantial conclusion that the content side of entrepreneurship is the conquest of competitive advantages, while its essence means “non-violent acquisition”, i.e. accumulation of property through market transactions. Understanding the nature of entrepreneurship as a result of exchange process and a market change agent gives promising prospects for studies in the area of evolution of exchange forms and the forms and methods of entrepreneurship existence.
The institution of traditional authority in Okombahe, Erongo Region of Namibia: can the institution be reconciled with democratic values of justice?
Authors: More Madikgomo
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article was to explore the roles and functions of the institution of traditional authority in contributing to access to justice or providing a form of justice through the preservation of customary law to the people of the Okombahe community in the Erongo Region of Namibia. The article's aim was to investigate the factors that have contributed to the institution's resilience and how this resilience may be tied to the type of justice this customary institution provides and represents. The institution of traditional authority has recently caught the attention of both scholars and policymakers due to the increasing return or revival of this "ancient" form of governance in the contemporary era that is constantly changing its procedures and rules of appointment to adapt to contemporary concerns and social problems. The scope of traditional leaders' jurisdiction and power is defined in the roles and functions they fulfil. As a popular legitimate informal institution in Okombahe, traditional leaders were found to manage and resolve conflict, and to preserve communal identity, unity, and continuity. This article highlights the significance of the institution of traditional authority as a legitimate customary institution originating from the bottom-up, and as a system that can be complementary to democracy as opposed to the assumption sometimes held that it is contesting with it. In Okombahe, the institution of traditional authority was found to contribute to providing an accessible justice system option grounded in this community's identity, history and social norms. The data collection employed for this qualitative case study of Okombahe consisted of interviews, supporting documents, and relevant scientific articles.
Over-attemperation and Short-term Overheating in Pendant-type Superheaters
Authors: Basson N. , Fuls W.F.
Published: December 2021

A water-wedge is often suspected to be the root cause for short-term overheating in fossil-fuelled boiler superheaters. However, it can be argued that evaporation of the water-wedge would cool the tube sufficiently and prevent overheating. This study aims to determine if the thermo-physical conditions occurring at low loads support this claim by studying the transient behaviour of a representative superheater segment under postulated conditions. A flow model was constructed to facilitate direct comparison with a boiler pendant superheater of a full-scale fossil-fuelled power plant. Several scenarios of water-wedges sustained by attemperation spraywater were simulated at low load operating conditions. The temperature evolution of the tube wall was tracked and, together with calculated equivalent stresses including thermal stress, was compared to the yield strength of the material. The results show that the stresses exerted over the tube wall and throughout the tube length are not sufficient to overcome the yield strength of the tube material, even for an aged tube under severe process conditions of boiler overfiring. Evaporation of the water-wedge provides sufficient cooling to the superheater tube to prevent failure. It was concluded that water-wedging alone is unlikely to be the root cause of short-term overheating at low boiler loads.
The Structural Design of a High-Performance WBD Brake Disc
Authors: Chen A. , Kang K-J. , Kienhofer F.
Published: December 2021

A high performance, newly-developed wire-woven bulk diamond (WBD) ventilated brake disc is introduced to reduce the operating temperatures and mass of conventional brake discs. The use of the highly porous material requires a deeper understanding of the mechanical stresses developed within a brake disc to be developed to improve the disc core strength to withstand the high stresses developed during braking. In this study, experimentally determined solid brake disc stress distribution results, separated into the compressive stresses due to the pad clamping force and the shear stresses due to the applied brake torque, were applied to the reinforcement of the WBD core brake disc. The analysis was based on the maximum predicted deceleration conditions of a medium sized truck (Mercedes-Benz Atego). While the WBD core material possessed sufficient strength to withstand the shearing due to the braking torque, the pad clamping load was predicted to cause disc failure. Consequently, straight radial ribs were designed to reinforce the ventilated core, with final rib dimensions of 74×14×2.5 mm, manufactured from mild steel (SAE1006). A total of 10 ribs at 36° intervals were added to reinforce the core, increasing the mass by 0.20 kg compared to the original disc. The newly reinforced WBD brake disc remains lighter than a commercially available pin-finned disc, and is expected to maintain superior thermal performance while possessing the required mechanical strength.
Una revisión del desempeño de los jardines de lluvia y los tipos de suelo
Authors: Furlani Clarissa Gonçalves Ribeiro , Sant’Ana Daniel
Published: December 2021

El cambio climático global, la impermeabilización excesiva, el crecimiento urbano acelerado, la canalización de ríos y arroyos son algunas de las motivaciones que contribuyen a alterar el ciclo hidrológico. Estas transformaciones impactan el régimen de lluvias, y pueden generar problemas como inundaciones e inundaciones, sin embargo, pueden ser abordados mediante técnicas de desarrollo de bajo impacto, y un ejemplo de ello son los jardines de lluvia, cuyo principal objetivo es captar y atenuar la superficie. las precipitaciones de escorrentía y contribuyen a la recarga de los acuíferos. Se realizaron muchos estudios y simulaciones sobre el tema, sin embargo, es necesario comprender cómo las características locales, climáticas y de diseño podrían influir en el desempeño de estas estructuras, para que el desarrollo de los proyectos se lleve a cabo de manera asertiva. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática, utilizando protocolos de búsqueda en la plataforma Web of Science, de la cual se extrajeron 50 artículos que apoyaron el desarrollo de la investigación. Los hallazgos describieron los principales factores que influyen en el rendimiento de los jardines de lluvia, tales como: clasificación del suelo, conductividad hidráulica, características climáticas, altura del nivel freático y geometría del diseño. De la investigación resultó evidente que, a pesar de la posibilidad de que factores como los tipos de suelo y los índices de lluvia influyan negativamente en el rendimiento de los jardines de lluvia, estos pueden evitarse con el desarrollo de estrategias de diseño adecuadas. Finalmente, el estudio proporcionó la sistematización de información considerando tipologías de suelos, fortalezas y debilidades, así como sugerencias para abordar las limitaciones identificadas, con miras a ayudar en el análisis y desarrollo de proyectos.
Сезонные миграции на дачу как одна из практик формирования урбанистического детства у москвичей
Authors: Иванова Полина Евгеньевна
Published: December 2021

Распространенность сезонной временной миграции на дачи является одной из особенностей российской урбанизации. До 2/3 городского населения страны владеют дачами разных типов. Участниками поездок между городом и дачей помимо самих горожан становятся и их дети, которые таким образом получают новый опыт социализации и досуговых практик. В отличие от городского, дачному детству пока не свойственна регламентированность, институционализация и преобладание пассивных форм досуговых практик.

Цель данной статьи — реконструировать дачный опыт городского ребенка и оценить его значимость в детстве. На основе данных, полученных с помощью полуструктурированных интервью, были выявлены и описаны основные характеристики дачного детства и представления о даче как пространстве детства. В качестве респондентов были выбраны горожанеродители, которые регулярно совершают совместные поездки на дачу с детьми, при этом большую часть времени проживают в городе (в нашем случае это Москва). Выбор родителей как основных информантов объясняется тем, что они являются создателями дачного детства и оказывают большое влияние на формирование детского досуга.

Итогом статьи стало описание дачи как пространства, создающего уникальные детские практики, характеристиками которых являются преобладание природного компонента, большая роль семейной и межпоколенческой социализации, меньшая степень контроля со стороны родителей. Дачный опыт оказывается отличным от городского за счет возможности реализации различных практик, для которых нет времени или места в городе. Такими практиками оказываются игры на открытом воздухе, изучение природы, семейный досуг, различные виды рукоделия и ремесла, спортивные активности. Данные характеристики подтверждают гипотезу о создании на даче возможностей для получения нового опыта, который восполняет важные элементы детства, постепенно исчезающие в городе.
Готовность подростков-сирот к самостоятельной жизни в условиях мегаполиса
Authors: Аначко Ксения Азатовна
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности формирования готовности к самостоятельной жизни в условиях мегаполиса у подростков двух разных социальных групп: подростков из полных семей и подростков, являющихся социальными сиротами. Представлены результаты исследования по следующим методикам: тест жизнестойкости С. Мадди; тест СЖО; опросник «Готовность к самостоятельной жизни» Т.В. Шининой и О.В. Митиной; опросник самоорганизации деятельности Е.Ю. Мандриковой. Автор отталкивается от исследовательского вопроса о том, как формируется жизнестойкость подростков, являющихся социальными сиротами, и подростков из полных семей. Выборка исследования составила 60 человек от 12 до 15 лет (30 девушек и 30 юношей). В первую группу вошли 30 подростков из полных семей, во вторую 30 подростков, проживающих в Центре поддержки семьи и детства СЗАО. Результаты исследования отражают специфику формирования самостоятельности детей в условиях мегаполиса. Выявлены качественные особенности формирования жизненных сценариев у подростков из обеих групп. Отмечается, что на становление самостоятельности подростков в условиях мегаполиса положительное влияние оказывает возможность включения в специальные программы и проекты, позволяющие подросткам эффективно справиться со стрессорами и повысить уровень своей жизнестойкости.
We need to make up for the gap: University student teachers’ difficulties associated with basic algebraic manipulations
Authors: MBHİZA Hlamulo , MUTHELO Dimakatjo , CHUENE Kabelo
Published: December 2021

With the increasing number of students enrolling in South African Higher Education institutions, it is essential to determine what level of mathematical knowledge gaps and understanding they bring from secondary school level. This was the context for a study of first year undergraduate mathematics education students at the University of Limpopo. In this paper, we present our autoethnographical experiences of lecturing calculus courses for a teacher preparation programme. The patterns that emerged from our interactions with students revealed that they experienced difficulties in understanding basic algebraic procedures and recognising structure to solve algebraic problems in the context of differentiation. This made us aware that we needed to configure effective strategies to make up for the identified elementary mathematics knowledge gaps, which we assumed students brought with from Grade 12. Our quest to make up for the algebraic knowledge gaps does not only serve the purpose of enabling our student teachers’ mathematical knowledge, but to ensure that they develop good knowledge base needed to teach the subject during their training as well as once they qualify as teachers.
DiMeLo-seq: Directed Methylation with Long-read sequencing v2
Authors: Altemose Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Directed Methylation and Long-read sequencing (DiMeLo-seq) is a powerful method to map protein-DNA interactions at a single-molecule level across the genome (including repetitive regions). It can be multiplexed to analyze multiple base modifications at once (e.g. endogenous CpG methylation and directed pA-Hia5 adenine methylation). Additionally, PCR amplification is not necessary for this protocol, which means that sequencing readout is proportional to protein-DNA interaction frequency. Finally, DiMeLo-seq can be used to map multiple protein interactions across a long single molecule.
Processing human frontal cortex brain tissue for population-scale Oxford Nanopore long-read DNA sequencing SOP v1
Authors: J Billingsley Kimberley , Dewan Ramita , Malik Laksh , Alvarez Jerez Pilar , Kiley Stith , Blauwendraat Cornelis , behalf of the CARD Long-read Team on
Published: December 2021

Processing human frontal cortex brain tissue for population-scale Oxford Nanopore long-read DNA sequencing SOP At the NIH's Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD) https://card.nih.gov/research-programs/long-read-sequencing we will generate long-read sequencing data from roughly 4000 patients with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, and healthy subjects. With this research, we will build a public resource consisting of long-read genome sequencing data from a large number of confirmed people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and healthy individuals. To generate this large-scale nanopore sequencing data we have developed a protocol for processing and long-read sequencing human frontal cortex brain tissue, targeting an N50 of ~30kb and ~30X coverage. †Correspondence to: Kimberley Billingsley billingsleykj@nih.gov and Cornelis Blauwendraat cornelis.blauwendraat@nih.gov Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the Nanopore team (Androo Markham &Hannah Lucio), Circulomics Inc team (Jeffrey Burke, Michelle Kim, Duncan Kilburn & Kelvin Liu) and the whole CARD long-read team listed below => UCSC: Benedict Paten, Mikhail Kolmogorov, Miten Jain, Kishwar Shafin, Trevor Pesout; NHGRI: Adam Phillippy, Arang Rhie; Baylor: Fritz Sedlazeck; JHU: Winston Timp; NINDS: Sonja Scholz; NIA: Cornelis Blauwendraat, Kimberley Billingsley, Frank Grenn, Pilar Alvarez Jerez, Bryan Traynor, Shannon Ballard, Caroline Pantazis; CZI: Paolo Carnevali.
[RETRACTED] Quit Smoking CBD Gummies Shark Tank Read This Review Before Buy! v1
Authors: Smoking CBD Gummies Shark Tank Quit
Published: December 2021

[RETRACTED]

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[RETRACTED] Hyper Drops - Biljne Kapi,Shqiperi, Mk, Cijena, Cena, Iskustva, Forum, Hrvatska, Kosove v1
Authors: not provided AllaGlebova
Published: December 2021

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Use of cholera toxin subunit B to label neural projections to lower urinary tract organs v1
Authors: R Keast Janet , B Osborne Peregrine , Fuller-Jackson John-Paul
Published: December 2021

This protocol is used to visualise sensory and autonomic neurons innervating organs of the lower urinary tract in an experimental adult male or female rat. The protocol is performed under anesthesia and should incorporate all local requirements for standards of animal experimentation, including methods of anesthesia, surgical environment, and post-operative monitoring and care.
Quantitation of lower urinary tract afferents in 3D reconstruction of lumbosacral spinal cord sections v1
Authors: Fuller-Jackson John-Paul , B Osborne Peregrine , R Keast Janet
Published: December 2021

This protocol details the 3D reconstruction of the lumbosacral spinal cord using alternating cryosections, and then goes through the steps required to quantify lower urinary tract afferents. Using TissueMaker (MBF Bioscience), images of alternating sections can be ordered and aligned prior to the production of a single image stack. In Neurolucida 360 (MBF Bioscience), regions of interest can be defined within the image stack, and the bouton-like immunolabelling of cholera toxin B can be segmented. Once saved, this data can then be extracted using Neurolucida Explorer (MBF Bioscience).