bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binary Addition in Resistance Switching Memory Array by Sensing Majority
Authors: Reuben John
Published: May 2020

The flow of data between processing and memory units in contemporary computing systems is their main performance and energy-efficiency bottleneck, often referred to as the ‘von Neumann bottleneck’ or ‘memory wall’. Emerging resistance switching memories (memristors) show promising signs to overcome the ‘memory wall’ by enabling computation in the memory array. Majority logic is a type of Boolean logic, and in many nanotechnologies, it has been found to be an efficient logic primitive. In this paper, a technique is proposed to implement a majority gate in a memory array. The majority gate is realised in an energy-efficient manner as a memory R E A D operation. The proposed logic family disintegrates arithmetic operations to majority and NOT operations which are implemented as memory R E A D and W R I T E operations. A 1-bit full adder can be implemented in 6 steps (memory cycles) in a 1T–1R array, which is faster than I M P L Y , N A N D , N O R and other similar logic primitives.
STT-DPSA: Digital PUF-Based Secure Authentication Using STT-MRAM for the Internet of Things
Authors: Chien Wei-Chen , Chang Yu-Chian , Tsou Yao-Tung , Kuo Sy-Yen , Chang Ching-Ray
Published: May 2020

Physical unclonable function (PUF), a hardware-efficient approach, has drawn a lot of attention in the security research community for exploiting the inevitable manufacturing variability of integrated circuits (IC) as the unique fingerprint of each IC. However, analog PUF is not robust and resistant to environmental conditions. In this paper, we propose a digital PUF-based secure authentication model using the emergent spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) PUF (called STT-DPSA for short). STT-DPSA is an original secure identity authentication architecture for Internet of Things (IoT) devices to devise a computationally lightweight authentication architecture which is not susceptible to environmental conditions. Considering hardware security level or cell area, we alternatively build matrix multiplication or stochastic logic operation for our authentication model. To prove the feasibility of our model, the reliability of our PUF is validated via the working windows between temperature interval (−35 ∘ C, 110 ∘ C) and Vdd interval [0.95 V, 1.16 V] and STT-DPSA is implemented with parameters n = 32, i = o = 1024, k = 8, and l = 2 using FPGA design flow. Under this setting of parameters, an attacker needs to take time complexity O( 2 256 ) to compromise STT-DPSA. We also evaluate STT-DPSA using Synopsys design compiler with TSMC 0.18 um process.
Metagenomic Analysis of Regularly Microwave-Treated and Untreated Domestic Kitchen Sponges
Authors: Jacksch Susanne , Thota Jyothi , Shetty Sudarshan , Smidt Hauke , Schnell Sylvia , Egert Markus
Published: May 2020

Kitchen sponges massively absorb and spread microorganisms, leading to contamination of kitchen appliances, surfaces, and food. Microwaving as an effective and widespread technique can rapidly reduce the microbial load of kitchen sponges. However, long-term effects of such treatments are largely unknown. Notably, it has been speculated that regularly applied domestic cleaning and disinfection may select for microbial communities with a higher pathogenic potential and/or malodorous properties. In this study, we distributed newly purchased polyurethane kitchen sponges to 20 participants, with the instruction to use them under normal household conditions for four weeks. Ten of the participants sanitized their sponges regularly by a standardized microwaving protocol, while the remaining ten sponges remained untreated. Metagenomic sequence data evaluation indicated that, in addition to bacteria, viruses, eukaryotes, and archaea were also part of the kitchen sponge microbiome. Comparisons of sanitized and untreated kitchen sponges indicated a trend towards a reduced structural microbial diversity while functional diversity increased. Microwave sanitization appeared to alter composition and metabolic properties of the microbial communities. Follow-up studies will have to show whether these changes are more positive or negative in terms of domestic hygiene, human health, and well-being.
The Seven Sisters Hydrothermal System: First Record of Shallow Hybrid Mineralization Hosted in Mafic Volcaniclasts on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge
Authors: A. Marques Ana Filipa , Roerdink Desiree L. , Baumberger Tamara , de Ronde Cornel E. J. , Ditchburn Robert G. , Denny Alden , Thorseth Ingunn H. , Okland Ingeborg , Lilley Marvin D. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Pedersen Rolf B.
Published: May 2020

We document the discovery of an active, shallow, seafloor hydrothermal system (known as the Seven Sisters Vent Field) hosted in mafic volcaniclasts at a mid-ocean ridge setting. The vent field is located at the southern part of the Arctic mid-ocean ridge where it lies on top of a flat-topped volcano at ~130 m depth. Up to 200 °C phase-separating fluids vent from summit depressions in the volcano, and from pinnacle-like edifices on top of large hydrothermal mounds. The hydrothermal mineralization at Seven Sisters manifests as a replacement of mafic volcaniclasts, as direct intraclast precipitation from the hydrothermal fluid, and as elemental sulfur deposition within orifices. Barite is ubiquitous, and is sequentially replaced by pyrite, which is the first sulfide to form, followed by Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag bearing sulfides, sulfosalts, and silica. The mineralized rocks at Seven Sisters contain highly anomalous concentrations of ‘epithermal suite’ elements such as Tl, As, Sb and Hg, with secondary alteration assemblages including silica and dickite. Vent fluids have a pH of ~5 and are Ba and metal depleted. Relatively high dissolved Si (~7.6 mmol/L Si) combined with low (0.2–0.4) Fe/Mn suggest high-temperature reactions at ~150 bar. A δ13C value of −5.4‰ in CO2 dominated fluids denotes magmatic degassing from a relatively undegassed reservoir. Furthermore, low CH4 and H2 (<0.026 mmol/kg and <0.009 mmol/kg, respectively) and 3He/4He of ~8.3 R/Racorr support a MORB-like, sediment-free fluid signature from an upper mantle source. Sulfide and secondary alteration mineralogy, fluid and gas chemistry, as well as δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr values in barite and pyrite indicate that mineralization at Seven Sisters is sustained by the input of magmatic fluids with minimal seawater contribution. 226Ra/Ba radiometric dating of the barite suggests that this hydrothermal system has been active for at least 4670 ± 60 yr.
A Mineral X-ray Linear Attenuation Coefficient Tool (MXLAC) to Assess Mineralogical Differentiation for X-ray Computed Tomography Scanning
Authors: Bam Lunga , Miller Jodie , Becker Megan
Published: May 2020

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is becoming one of the most important techniques in the geosciences. The technique relies on linear attenuation coefficient differences in order to reveal the internal structure of the rocks. In this work, we present a new excel macro tool, called MXLAC, which is a data bank with an excel interface that uses density, X-ray energy and the mineral chemical formula to allow users to calculate mineral linear attenuation coefficients that can then be used to determine discrimination between mineral pairs. Elements within a mineral and specified by the chemical formula, determine how the X-ray beam is attenuated. Analysis of a variety of scanned mineral pairs with similar densities and attenuation coefficients indicates that an attenuation coefficient difference of greater than or equal to 6% at 45.5 keV effective X-ray energy is required for effective discrimination between two minerals using XCT with single energy scanning. This means that mineral pairs, such as quartz and pyrophyllite cannot be discriminated using the current XCT instruments due to the fact that the attenuation coefficient difference is less than 1.9% at 45.5 keV effective X-ray energy. Garnets and a variety of other minerals were used as examples to illustrate the importance of knowing the actual chemical formula of the mineral to demonstrate whether they can be partially or fully discriminated from each other.
Gold Nanorod Assemblies: The Roles of Hot-Spot Positioning and Anisotropy in Plasmon Coupling and SERS
Authors: Dey Priyanka , Baumann Verena , Rodríguez-Fernández Jessica
Published: May 2020

Plasmon-coupled colloidal nanoassemblies with carefully sculpted “hot-spots” and intense surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are in high demand as photostable and sensitive plasmonic nano-, bio-, and chemosensors. When maximizing SERS signals, it is particularly challenging to control the hot-spot density, precisely position the hot-spots to intensify the plasmon coupling, and introduce the SERS molecule in those intense hot-spots. Here, we investigated the importance of these factors in nanoassemblies made of a gold nanorod (AuNR) core and spherical nanoparticle (AuNP) satellites with ssDNA oligomer linkers. Hot-spot positioning at the NR tips was made possible by selectively burying the ssDNA in the lateral facets via controlled Ag overgrowth while retaining their hybridization and assembly potential at the tips. This strategy, with slight alterations, allowed us to form nanoassemblies that only contained satellites at the NR tips, i.e., directional anisotropic nanoassemblies; or satellites randomly positioned around the NR, i.e., nondirectional nanoassemblies. Directional nanoassemblies featured strong plasmon coupling as compared to nondirectional ones, as a result of strategically placing the hot-spots at the most intense electric field position of the AuNR, i.e., retaining the inherent plasmon anisotropy. Furthermore, as the dsDNA was located in these anisotropic hot-spots, this allowed for the tag-free detection down to ~10 dsDNA and a dramatic SERS enhancement of ~1.6 × 108 for the SERS tag SYBR gold, which specifically intercalates into the dsDNA. This dramatic SERS performance was made possible by manipulating the anisotropy of the nanoassemblies, which allowed us to emphasize the critical role of hot-spot positioning and SERS molecule positioning in nanoassemblies.
Influence of the Introduced Chitin Nanofibrils on Biomedical Properties of Chitosan-Based Materials
Authors: Maevskaia Ekaterina N. , Shabunin Anton S. , Dresvyanina Elena N. , Dobrovol’skaya Irina P. , Yudin Vladimir E. , Paneyah Moisey B. , Fediuk Andrey M. , Sushchinskii Petr L. , Smirnov Gerald P. , Zinoviev Evgeniy V. , Morganti Pierfrancesco
Published: May 2020

Hemorrhage occurring during and after surgery still remains one of the biggest problems in medicine. Although a large number of hemostatic products have been created, there is no universal preparation; thus, the development of new materials is an urgent task. The aim of this research is to increase hemostatic properties of chitosan by introducing chitin nanofibrils (ChNF). The blood absorbance by ChNF-containing chitosan sponges and time-until-arrest of bleeding were studied. Non-woven materials containing 0.5% of ChNF and materials without chitin were obtained. The studies of ζ-potential showed that the material containing 0.5% ChNF had relatively a high positive charge, but efficiencies of both materials for hemorrhage arrest were comparable to those of commercial hemostatic products (Surgicel and TachoComb). To investigate the interaction between the materials and living organism, histological studies and optical microscopy studies were conducted after implantation of fibers. Despite bioinertness of fibers, implantation of non-woven materials led to formation of significant granulomas.
Expression of Gibberellin Metabolism Genes and Signalling Components in Dwarf Phenotype of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Plants Growing on Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) Rootstocks
Authors: Zhou Yuchan , Underhill Steven J. R.
Published: May 2020

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a traditional staple tree crop throughout the tropics. The species is an evergreen tree 15–20 m; there are currently no size-controlling rootstocks within the species. Through interspecific grafting, a dwarf phenotype was identified in breadfruit plants growing on Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) rootstocks, which displayed ~60% reduction in plant height with ~80% shorter internodes. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism underlying rootstock-induced dwarfing, we investigated the involvement of gibberellin (GA) in reduction of stem elongation. Expression of GA metabolism genes was analysed in the period from 18 to 24 months after grafting. In comparison to self-graft and non-graft, scion stems on marang rootstocks displayed decrease in expression of a GA biosynthetic gene, AaGA20ox3, and increase in expression of a GA catabolic genes, AaGA2ox1, in the tested 6-month period. Increased accumulation of DELLA proteins (GA-signalling repressors) was found in scion stems growing on marang rootstocks, together with an increased expression of a DELLA gene, AaDELLA1. Exogenous GA treatment was able to restore the stem elongation rate and the internode length of scions growing on marang rootstocks. The possibility that GA deficiency forms a component of the mechanism underlying rootstock-induced breadfruit dwarfing is discussed.
Classifying Pathways for Smart City Development: Comparing Design, Governance and Implementation in Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dubai, and Abu Dhabi
Authors: Noori Negar , Hoppe Thomas , de Jong Martin
Published: May 2020

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the new paradigm of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and rapid changes in technology and urban needs urge cities around the world towards formulating smart city policies. Nevertheless, policy makers, city planners, and practitioners appear to have quite different expectations from what smart cities can offer them. This has led to the emergence of different types of smart cities and pathways of development. This paper aims to answer the research question: When comparing a selection of smart city projects, can we classify pathways for their implementation? We do this by using a cross-case research design of four cities to explore commonalities and differences in development patterns. An input-output (IO) model of smart city development is used to retrieve which design variables are at play and lead to which output. The four cases pertain to the following smart city projects: Smart Dubai, Masdar City, Barcelona Smart City, and Amsterdam Smart City. Our analysis shows that Amsterdam is based on a business-driven approach that puts innovation at its core; for Masdar, technological optimism is the main essence of the pathway; social inclusion is the focus of Barcelona Smart City; and visionary ambitious leadership is the main driver for Smart Dubai. Based on these insights, a classification for smart city development pathways is established. The results of the present study are useful to academic researchers, smart city practitioners, and policy makers.
Agroforestry Heritage Systems as Agrobiodiversity Hotspots. The Case of the Mountain Oases of Tunisia
Authors: Santoro Antonio , Venturi Martina , Ben Maachia Sihem , Benyahia Fadwa , Corrieri Federica , Piras Francesco , Agnoletti Mauro
Published: May 2020

Traditional agricultural systems are receiving increasing attention at the international level due to their multifunctional role. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) aims to identify agricultural systems of global importance, preserve landscape, agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge and apply the principles of dynamic conservation to promote sustainable development. Biodiversity associated to traditional agricultural practices is particularly important, especially in difficult environments, like traditional oases, for ensuring food and nutrition to local communities. We documented landscape and biological diversity associated with traditional agricultural practices in three traditional oases in Tunisia, through a landscape analysis based on land-use survey, and an assessment of cultivated species. Results show that the landscape structure is dominated by agricultural land uses and characterized by a high level of diversification. Agrobiodiversity is high: we identified 20 varieties of date palm, 21 species of fruit trees, 21 vegetable species and two fodder crops. Results highlighted that traditional oases, as other agroforestry and agricultural heritage systems, continue to play a crucial role in maintaining genetic resources and agrobiodiversity. Farmers who, all over the world, still cultivate applying traditional practices are the main actors that practice a real conservation of genetic resources and diversity by maintaining traditional cultivars and a diversified landscape structure. Our methodology, based on the combined assessment of land uses and agrobiodiversity, can be replicated in other agricultural heritage systems to evaluate and measure possible transformations and identify the best strategies for their preservation.
Uncovering Distinct Primary Vaccination-Dependent Profiles in Human Bordetella pertussis Specific CD4+ T-Cell Responses Using a Novel Whole Blood Assay
Authors: Lambert Eleonora E. , Corbière Véronique , van Gaans-van den Brink Jacqueline A. M. , Duijst Maxime , Venkatasubramanian Prashanna Balaji , Simonetti Elles , Huynen Martijn , Diavatopoulos Dimitri D. , Versteegen Pauline , Berbers Guy A. M. , Mascart Françoise , van Els Cécile A. C. M.
Published: May 2020

To advance research and development of improved pertussis vaccines, new immunoassays are needed to qualify the outcome of Bordetella pertussis (Bp) specific CD4+ T-cell differentiation. Here, we applied a recently developed whole blood assay to evaluate Bp specific CD4+ T-cell responses. The assay is based on intracellular cytokine detection after overnight in vitro Bp antigen stimulation of diluted whole blood. We show for the first time that CD4+ T-cell memory of Th1, Th2, and Th17 lineages can be identified simultaneously in whole blood. Participants ranging from 7 to 70 years of age with different priming backgrounds of whole-cell pertussis (wP) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccination were analyzed around an acellular booster vaccination. The assay allowed detection of low frequent antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells and revealed significantly elevated numbers of activated and cytokine-producing CD4+ T-cells, with a significant tendency to segregate recall responses based on primary vaccination background. A stronger Th2 response hallmarked an aP primed cohort compared to a wP primed cohort. In conclusion, analysis of Bp specific CD4+ T-cell responses in whole blood showed separation based on vaccination background and provides a promising tool to assess the quantity and quality of CD4+ T-cell responses induced by vaccine candidates.
Otimização do processo de transporte intra-hospitalar de pacientes a partir de acionamento remoto de auxiliares (e-hailing)
Authors: Souza Silva Milena , Gabriel Bortoli Allyson , Xavier Barretto Edilvane , Lima de S. Serrão Hérica Jacy , Dos Reis Novaes Paulina , De Souza Lima Luciano
Published: May 2020

Dentro da estrutura de serviços de apoio no Hospital Santa Izabel, o serviço de transporte intra-hospitalar de paciente representa uma etapa fundamental para os devidos fluxos assistenciais, interligando etapas imprescindíveis para toda a cadeia das linhas de cuidados. A falta de compartilhamento eficiente dos recursos, em um processo descentralizado, retroalimentava a ineficiência do serviço e consequentemente agravava o seu baixo nível de satisfação, o que motivou o desenvolvimento do projeto de melhoria do serviço de transporte intra-hospitalar, utilizando a metodologia LeanSix Sigma. O projeto atuou na otimização do processo de transporte de paciente, de modo a permitir uma melhor distribuição das equipes, possibilitando suprir toda a demanda, inicialmente não atendida, reduzir a variação do tempo de atendimento de transporte de pacientes e melhorar a satisfação do cliente interno.
Short-term assessment of left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Dukhan Ahmed L. , Ramadan Abd El Megeed M. , Hafez Basem A. , Rashed Peter A.
Published: May 2020

Background: The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on postoperative left ventricular function is still the subject of ongoing studies. The degree of recovery and its duration have not been precisely determined, and the published data are discordant. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of surgical revascularization on left ventricular systolic function.

Methods: We prospectively studied 50 consecutive patients who underwent elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in the period from January 2017 to November 2017. All patients had echocardiography preoperatively, pre-discharge, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were measured in all patients.

Results: The mean age was 57.22±7.04 years. The mean number of grafts was 2.60±1.02. Improvement in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) score from (2.72 ± 1.03) preoperatively to [(0.12 ± 0.39), p<0.001] after six months was achieved. Additionally, improvement in the patient New York Heart Association (NYHA) score occurred from (1.70 ± 0.97) preoperatively to [(0.12 ± 0.33), p<0.001] after six months. A significant improvement in left ventricular function occurred  as demonstrated by improvement in mean left ventricular ejection fraction from (54.14±9.80) % to  [(62.40 ± 4.18) %, p<0.001] at six months. The mean total hospital stay was 5.62±1.51 days. The mean total intensive care unit length of stay was 47.16±25.73 hours. Two patients (4%) had re-exploration for bleeding, and postoperative myocardial infarction occurred in three patients (6%).  One patient (2%) had postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction, and 3 patients (6%) had postoperative atrial fibrillation. Two patients (4%) suffered from superficial wound infection. There was no hospital mortality.  

Conclusion: Patients undergoing CABG experienced an improvement in left ventricular contractile function at six months postoperatively. Further studies are required to evaluate the changes after 6 months.
Surgical Repair versus Conservative Treatment for Moderate Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Concomitant with Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Rezk Moataz , Moustafa Shimaa , Singab Nora , Elnahas Ashraf
Published: May 2020

Background: Management of moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) secondary to left-sided valve lesion is controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term results of surgical repair versus conservative treatment for moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation in concomitant with mitral valve surgery.

Methods: Our study included 60 patients with mitral valve lesion and moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were divided into 2 groups; group A included 30 patients whose tricuspid valve disease were managed conservatively, and group B included 30 patients who had tricuspid valve band annuloplasty.

Results: Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data were comparable between groups. There was no difference regarding mechanical ventilation time (6 .13 ± 3.02 vs. 7.01 ± 4.14 hours; p= 0.291), or intensive care unit stay (51.42 ± 12.1 vs. 52.31 ± 15.32 hours; p=0.614) in group A and B respectively. There was a significant improvement in the degree of tricuspid valve regurgitation in group B early postoperative (moderate tricuspid regurgitation reported in 22 (73.3%) vs. 4 (13.3%); p<0.001) and at 3 months (moderate tricuspid regurgitation 11 (36.7%) vs. 2 (6.7%); p<0.001) and 6 months follow up (moderate tricuspid regurgitation 10 (30%) vs.  2 (6.7%); p<0.001) in group A and B respectively. After 6-months, 20 (66.7%) patients in group A had dyspnea grade I compared to 26 (86.7%) patients in group B; p=0.021.

Conclusion: Although the correction of the left-sided lesion improved the degree of TR in some patients, concomitant repair of the tricuspid valve could produce better improvement in the clinical outcome when compared to the conservative approach.
Sutureless Perceval versus Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve, Single Center Experience
Authors: Fouly Mohamed Abdel Hafez
Published: May 2020

Background: High-risk patients are currently presenting for aortic valve replacement (AVR). Sutureless valves may decrease the operative risk in those patients. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term and one-year follow-up results of the sutureless Perceval valve versus bioprosthetic aortic valve.

Methods: The data of patients who underwent elective AVR with bioprosthesis were collected From March 2012 to March 2017. The patients were divided into two groups; group 1 included the patients who had a sutureless aortic valve (Perceval) (n= 25; 3.57% of total AVR patients), and group 2 included patients who had conventional bioprosthesis (n= 50; 7.1% of total AVR patients).

Results: The median age of patients in group 1 was 67 years (25th- 75th percentiles; 64-71), and in group 2 was 66 years  (25th- 75th percentiles: 63 to 69). There is no significant difference in the patients’ comorbidities between the two groups. The median duration of the ischemic time was significantly lower in group 1 (33 (25th- 75th percentiles: 32- 35)  vs. 60.5 (58- 66), respectively; p< 0.001). Perceval valve was used more commonly in patients who had minimally invasive AVR (n= 21 (84%) in group 1 vs. 11 (22%) in group 2; p<0.001). Postoperative complications were comparable between both groups. The early paravalvular leak was non-significantly higher in group 1 (12% vs. 2%; p= 0105). The mean postoperative gradient was lower in group 1 (7 (7-9) vs. 10 (8-12) mmHg; p<0.001). The changes in valvular gradient were not significantly different between both groups (p= 0.5). The hospital stay was lower in patients received Perceval valve (Coefficient: -1.3; 95% Cl: -2.3- -0.29; p=0.012)

 Conclusion:  Sutureless aortic valve (Perceval) is a new surgical technique for AVR, with potential advantages of reducing cross-clamp time and a subsequent reduction in myocardial ischemia, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and maintaining satisfactory hemodynamic outcomes through reducing patient prosthesis mismatch. All these advantages could help in decreasing postoperative hospital stay.
The Effect of Boiling on Stability of Oxytetracycline and Sulfamethazine Residues in Raw Milk using HPLC Method
Authors: El-Toukhy Fathy , Sabry M , El-Sherbiny Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Two hundred raw milk samples (250 ml of each) were collected from small dairy farms, street peddlers and dairy shops in Mansoura Governorate. These samples were screened using Bacillus Subtilis Diffusion Assay for qualitative detection of antibiotics residues; where the percentage of suspected positive samples was 12.5%. High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Ultra Violet detector (HPLC- UV) method was developed and validated to determine the amount of oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) residues in raw milk before and after boiling. The results revealed that 8.5 % of the raw milk samples were containing (OTC) residues (6.5 % of them exceed MRL) while, (SMZ) was detected in4 % of the raw milk samples (3 % of them exceed MRL). Upon applying heat treatment, the reduction in the (OTC) content in milk boiled for 2 minutes was 30.5% but boiling for 5 minutes was accompanied with 54.1% reduction. On the other hand, the percentage of (SMZ) reduction was 1.7% and 9.5% in milk boiled for 2 and 5minutes respectively which could be attributed to the low heat stability of (OTC) and high stability of (SMZ).
A survey of tumors affecting cattle, buffaloes and sheep, in El-Dakahlyia Governorate
Authors: Moharram Inas , Awadin Walaa , Hamed Mohamed , Salem M , Mosbah E
Published: May 2020

In a 2-year survey of tumors occurring in ruminants reared in El-Dakahlyia Governorate, Egypt during the period from October 2016 to October 2018. 66 tumor masses were collected: 60 from cattle, 2 from buffaloes and 4 from sheep. According to histopathology of cattle tumors, 15 neoplasms were diagnosed as cutaneous papilloma, 5 neoplasms were diagnosed as cutaneous fibropapillomas, 25 neoplasms were diagnosed as squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the eye; 8 neoplasms were diagnosed as SCC of perineum, 1 neoplasm was diagnosed as SCC in skin of muzzle, 2 neoplasms were diagnosed as epulis in dental pad, 2 neoplasms were diagnosed as vaginal leiomyoma, 1 neoplasm was diagnosed as fibroma and 1 neoplasm was diagnosed as liposarcoma. Histopathology of buffalo tumors revealed SCC in head skin (1 case) and buccal cavity (1 case). Histopathology of sheep tumors revealed SCC in skin under the tail (2 cases), skin of groin (1 case) and skin of abdomen (1 case). In conclusion, cattle (60/66) were more susceptible to tumors than buffaloes (2/66) and sheep (4/66). Females accounted for a higher percentage of the neoplasms (47/66) than males (19/66). Adult animals aged above 2 years were more frequently affected than young. The occurrence of epithelial tumors (60/66) was greater than the mesenchymal tumors (6/66). The most common epithelial tumors were ocular SCC and cutaneous papilloma. Number of malignant tumors (41/66) was higher than number of benign tumors (25/66). Variable degrees of bovine SCC differentiation were detected. Meanwhile ovine SCC appeared only well differentiated.
Kepemimpinan Wanita Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Abror Mhd.
Published: May 2020

Pembahasan ini hendak menelaah lebih dalam tentang kepemimpinan perempuan di tinjau dari aspek hukum syariah. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas, bagaimana sebenarnya tuntunan syariah tentang kepemimpinan perempuan serta batas-batasnya.  Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yaitu suatu penelitian yang data-datanya berasal dari literatur-literatur yang terkait dengan obyek penelitian, kemudian dianalisis muatan isinya. Dari kajian ini menegaskan bahwa, terdapat kesepakatan ulama fiqih (ijmak) dari keempat madzhab dan lainnya, salaf dan kontemporer, bahwa perempuan tidak boleh menduduki jabatan al-khilafah al-ammah atau al-imamah al-udzma. Namun, tidak dipungkiri defenisi kedua istilah ini memiliki perbedaan pandangan. Mayoritas memaknai kata al-khilafah al-ammah atau al-imamah al-udzma sebagai kepala negara yang membawahi wilayah Islam di seluruh dunia seperti yang terjadi pada zaman empat khalifah pertama (khulafaur rasyidin), masa khilafah Abbasiyah dan Umayyah. Pada umumnya Ulama fiqih klasik melarang perempuan menjadi hakim, kecuali Ibnu Hazm, Ibnu Jarir At-Tabari dan imam Abu Hanifah mereka membolehkan perempuan menduduki posisi apapun. Pandangan ketiga ulama terakhir ini menjadi salah satu alasan ulama kontemporer atas bolehnya wanita menjabat posisi apapun asal memenuhi syarat.
Urgensi Kalender Hijriyah Sebagai Haul Zakat Maal di Baznas Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Angkat M. Arbisora
Published: May 2020

Abstrak

Artikel ini ingin memberikan informasi kepada umat muslim bahwa seharusnya haul pembayaran zakat maal umat muslim menggunakan Kalender Hijriyah (354 hari). Karena selama ini praktiknya haul pemabayaran zakat maal umat muslim pada saat ini menggunakan Kalender Masehi (365 hari). Sehingga terdapat selisih sekitar 11 hari setiap tahunnya dan apabila Kalender Masehi terus digunakan sebagai haul pembayaran zakat maal, maka selama kurun waktu 30 tahun bisa menyebabkan hutang zakat maal dalam 1 tahun tidak dikeluarkan. Sebenarnya Kalender Masehi dapat digunakan untuk menentukan haul zakat maal, hanya saja persentase zakatnya adalah sebesar 2.577% bukan 2.5%. Persentase ini tentunya sangat berdampak terhadap nominal zakat maal yang ada Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, maka sudah seharusnya BAZNAS Provinsi Kepulauan Riau menggunakan persentase 2,577% apabila tetap menggunakan Kalender Masehi sebagai haul zakat maal. Sehingga tujuan zakat sebagai kemashlahatan umat manusia, sebagai solusi memecahkan problem kemiskinan, meratakan pendapatan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan umat Islam khususnya di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau bisa tercapai.

Kata Kunci : Kalender Hijriyah, Haul Zakat Maal. BAZNAS Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

 

Abstract

This article would like to inform for Muslims that the haul payment of Muslim’s wealth zakat must be using the Hijri Calendar (354 days). Because all this time the practice of haul payment for Muslim’s wealth zakat is currently using the Solar Calendar (365 days). So there is a deviation around 11 days for each year and if the Solar Calendar to be used continously as a haul of wealth zakat payment, then for a period of 30 years can make the debt of wealth zakat in 1 year is not issued. Actually the Solar Calendar can be used to determine the wealth zakat haul, but the percentage of zakat is 2.577% not 2.5%. This percentage certainly has an impact on the nominal value of wealth zakat in the Riau Islands Province, so BAZNAS of Riau Islands Province must be using a percentage of 2.577% if they still using the Solar Calendar as a haul of wealth zakat. So the purpose of zakat as the mankind’s benefit, as a solution to solve the poorness problem, leveling income and improving the welfare of Muslims, especially in Riau Islands Province can be achieved.

Keyword : Hijri Calender, Wealth Zakat Haul. BAZNAS of Riau Islands Province
The Adoption Process of Payment Cards -An Agent- Based Approach
Authors: Alexandrova-Kabadjova Biliana , Castellanos Pascacio Sara Gabriela , García-Almanza Alma L.
Published: May 2020

Investigamos la tasa de adopción de las tarjetas de pago considerando el conocimiento (la consciencia) de consumidores y comercios respecto las externalidades de red, usando dos niveles de Cuota de Intercambio en un mercado de tarjetas multi-agente. Para el propósito de nuestra investigación, en múltiples instancias (escenarios) del modelo los efectos investigados son analizados sobre el proceso completo de adopción, hasta que el mercado alcanza su punto de saturación. Se realiza una comparación, para cada escenario, entre los dos niveles de Cuota de Intercambio y diferentes grados de conocimiento (consciencia) de consumidores y comercios. Hemos modelado explícitamente las interacciones entre consumidores y comercios en el punto de venta. En el modelo, los emisores de tarjeta pueden cobrar cuotas fijas y entregar beneficios netos por el uso de las tarjetas, mientras que los adquirientes pueden cobrar cuotas fijas y por transacción a los comercios.
Práticas educativas no controle da dengue: atuação dos agentes de combate às endemias e percepção dos moradores
Authors: Peixoto Thaís Moreira , Cerqueira Erenilde Marques de , Andrade Juliana Nascimento , Coelho Maira Moreira Peixoto
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Analisar as práticas educativas dos ACE durante as inspeções domiciliares. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritiva. Os sujeitos participantes foram os ACE que atuavam nos bairros selecionados e os moradores dos domicílios inspecionados. A pesquisa obedeceu aos princípios éticos e legais conforme determinação da Resolução CNS N.466/12. Resultados: A síntese dos discursos possibilitou chegar a duas unidades temáticas: Categoria 1. A prática educativa do ACE focada essencialmente no controle ao mosquito transmissor; Categoria 2. A mudança de hábito em relação aos criadouros do A. aegypti: uma lição a ser apreendida? Os resultados desse estudo apontaram que a ação educativa realizada pelos agentes durante as inspeções é focada essencialmente no controle do vetor transmissor, pautadas na transmissão de informações, sem a participação do morador neste processo, e realizadas na maioria das vezes ao final da inspeção, dissociado da prática. Conclusão: Entende-se que é necessário repensar a importância desta estratégia, propiciando aos ACE uma qualificação adequada para a abordagem da comunidade durante a visita domiciliar e juntos conseguirem mudar o perfil de infestação do vetor na localidade.
Descritores: Dengue; Educação em saúde; Agente de Combate às Endemias; Mobilização social.
Enfermería deportiva: intervenciones del enfermero experto en la actividad física y el deporte
Authors: Muñoz Moreno Jorge , Pértega Bouso Luis , Fernández-Lázaro Diego
Published: May 2020

El enfermero experto en la actividad física tiene un rol importante en el equipo técnico de medicina deportiva, actuando hacia la consecución de mejoras en las aptitudes físicas del deportista, mediante cuidados de calidad dirigidos a las esferas física, psíquica y social de la salud. Pese al perfil profesional polivalente y el crecimiento de las necesidades deportivas en las últimas décadas, actualmente su presencia es escasa en los clubes, federaciones e instalaciones deportivas, habiendo sido a finales del siglo pasado cuando la enfermería deportiva contó con mayor reconocimiento desde el deporte. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las intervenciones de la profesión enfermera que son susceptibles de realizarse en el ámbito deportivo. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica narrativa de la literatura científica sobre las intervenciones de enfermería en el equipo técnico de medicina deportiva, para definir el perfil profesional del enfermero experto en la actividad física y el deporte, desarrollada a través de las bases de datos Dialnet y Medline, y la revista científica Journal of Athletic Training.
MENENTUKAN DETERMINAN SUATU MATRIKS DENGAN METODE CHIO
Authors: Saepudin Asep
Published: May 2020

Matrix theory is a branch of linear algebra that discussed in the mathematical sciences. Mathematical sciences play an important role in human life, it is necessary to solve problems that can not be solved directly. Thus, the problem can be transformed into the form of a mathematical model. One is the SPL (Linear Equation System). Various methods can be used to solve it. But for the SPL with a large variable can be solved by matrix methods, namely the inverse matrix. In the inverse matrix of the determinants involved. If the search value that ordo major determinant of the matrix (ð‘›×ð‘›), it would require an effective method. One is the method of Chio. Chio method can be applied to all square matrixas long as the element is ð‘Ž11 not equal to zero (ð‘Ž11≠0). Chio method of calculating the determinant of the matrix by decomposing determinant will look into sub-determinant of degree two (2×2) using the matrix element row 1 and column 1 as pointof departure. The decomposition is performed using the following sized matrix:  

Keywords: Matrix, Matrix Determinant, Chio method.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIS SISWA (DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI DAN KOMUNIKASI)
Authors: Ariyanti Hidayatul Purnama
Published: May 2020

This research is motivated by the low mathematical ability of students seen in the test results Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2012. The ability of mathematics not only be based on the ability of understanding only, but there are also other capabilities that factor into the level of mathematical ability of students, among others, representation and communication capabilities. So to overcome this use realistic mathematics learning. Formulation of the problem in this research is "Is there any realistic mathematics education effect on the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication?". The goal was to determine the effect of realistic mathematics learning of the mathematical ability of students' representation and communication. The method used is Posttest-Only Control Design which will give treatment to the realistic mathematics learning experiment class and conventional learning to control class. After treatment, given posttes to measure its influence in the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication. The research instrument in the form of tests which contains the indicator variables. Subjects in this study were 32 students of the control class and 32 students for the experimental class. For data analysis used the t-test previously conducted pre-requisite test the normality and homogeneity test. In this study, H0 reads No realistic mathematics education effect on the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication. And H1 reads no realistic mathematics education effect on the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication. The results show the ability of the student representation is obtained and the communication skills of students obtained which showed that H0 refused on both. It can be concluded that the realistic mathematics instruction affect the ability of students' mathematical representation and communication.

 

Keywords: Realistic Mathematics Education, Communication Skills, Representation Skills.
PENERAPAN METODE POLYA PADA SOAL CERITA PROGRAM LINEAR
Authors: Fitriatien Sri Rahmawati
Published: May 2020

Pemecahan masalah dengan Polya merupakan dasar yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah soal cerita program linear. Metode polya memiliki empat tahapan, tahapan pertama adalah pemahaman terhadap masalah matematika, tahap kedua adalah perencanaan penyelesaian masalah matematika, tahapan ketiga adalah penyelesaian masalah matematika, dan tahapan keempat adalah melakukan pengecekan ulang penyelesaian masalah matematika yang sudah dikerjakan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah masalah program linear. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan observasi dan pemberian soal latihan sebagai tes kemampuan setelah proses belajar mengajar selesai. Aktivitas belajar mahasiswa ketika diterapkan metode polya, di analisa dengan menjumlahkan skor aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dengan aspek penilaian yang telah tervalidasi. Selain aktivitas belajar mahasiswa, hasil belajar mahasiswa juga dianalisa dengan menghitung ketuntasan belajar mahasiswa secara individu terlebih dahulu, kemudian dilanjutkan menghitung ketuntasan belajar mahamahasiswa. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah penerapan metode polya pada materi ini, mengalami perbedaan hasil antara sebelum diterapkan dan setelah dilakukan penerapan metode polya. Persentase aktivitas belajar mahasiswa sebelum menggunakan metode polya adalah 63,82% dan terdapat kenaikan nilai sebesar 81,23%. Peneliti dapat mengasumsikan bahwa metode pemecahan masalah polya mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar mahasiswa dengan bentuk kreativitas mahasiswa pada materi program linear.

Kata Kunci: penerapan, metode polya, soal cerita
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MAHASISWA CALON GURU SEMESTER VI IKIP-PGRI PONTIANAK
Authors: Nurmaningsih Nurmaningsih
Published: May 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa calon guru semester VI IKIP-PGRI Pontianak. Secara khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa calon guru semester VI IKIP-PGRI Pontianak pada masing-masing aspek pemecahan masalah matematika. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitiannya adalah studi kasus. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Pada aspek memahami masalah, mahasiswa sudah menuliskan informasi yang ada pada soal namun masih terdapat kekurangan dan kesalahan dalam menentukan apa yang ditanyakan pada soal, (2) Pada aspek merencanakan penyelesaian, mahasiswa masih belum menuliskan rencana penyelesaian secara sistematis dan detail pada tiap langkah-langkahnya, (3) Pada aspek melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian, masih terdapat kesalahan dalam perhitungan sehingga menghasilkan jawaban yang kurang tepat, (4) Pada aspek memeriksa kembali hasil yang diperoleh, masih terdapat kesalahan dalam kesimpulan akibat dari kesalahan dalam memahami masalah dan juga kesalahan dalam perhitungan.

Kata kunci: pemecahan masalah, program linear

Abstract

This study aims to decrypt the problem solving skills of mathematics students prospective teacher semester VI IKIP-PGRI Pontianak. Specifically, this study aims to describe the mathematical problem solving skills of prospective teachers of semester VI of IKIP-PGRI Pontianak in each aspect of solving mathematical problems. In this study used descriptive method with the form of research is a case study. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) In the aspect of understanding the problem, the students have written information on the problem but there are still deficiencies and mistakes in determining what is asked on the question, (2) In the aspect of the plan of settlement, the student still has not written the plan (3) In the aspect of executing the settlement plan, there are still errors in the calculation so as to produce a less precise answer, (4) In the aspect of re-examining the results obtained, there is still a mistake in the conclusion of the result of Error in understanding the problem and also the error in the calculation.

Key word: problem solving, linear programming
Motywy zwierzęce w malarstwie Fridy Kahlo: próba interpretacji na przykładzie wybranych obrazów
Authors: Kowalicka Joanna
Published: May 2020

Tematem pracy jest analiza wybranych motywów zwierzęcych w malarstwie meksykańskiej artystki Fridy Kahlo. Celem było przedstawienie zależności istniejących między życiem prywatnym malarki a symboliką zwierząt ukazanych na obrazach Autoportret z naszyjnikiem z cierni i kolibrem oraz Jelonek. Analizie poddałam zarówno życie miłosne artystki, jak i jej problemy zdrowotne, pragnienie macierzyństwa, relacje z bliskimi jej osobami. Dodatkowo, jako że Frida wykazywała się znajomością mitów i sztuki prekolumbijskiej, praca została uzupełniona o znaczenia symboliczne wybranych gatunków zwierząt u Azteków. Istnieje bowiem przypuszczenie, że artystka wielokrotnie czerpała inspirację z wierzeń azteckich.
CREATING STYLE SHEET BY USING SPEECH RECOGNITION
Authors: Preethi.S
Published: May 2020

Today’s rich Web applications use a mix of Java Script and Asynchronous communication with the application server. This mechanism is also known as Ajax: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. The intent of Ajax is to exchange small pieces of data between the browser and the application server, and in doing so, use partial page refresh instead of reloading the entire Web page. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.) is a powerful web development model for browser-based Web applications. This project is designed and developed keeping that factor into mind, and a little effort is made to achieve this aim. Our project is capable to recognize the speech and convert the input audio into text & style sheet it also enables a user to perform operations “save, open, exit” a file by providing voice input.
North Africa in the Tourist Guidebooks of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Manai Adel
Published: May 2020

By the dawn of the twentieth century, a guidebook was a vital element of a tourist’s packing list and an item, which a tourist could not do without.  The guidebook not only provided practical and useful information, but also advised the tourist about what ‘ought to be seen’. It accompanied the development and maturation of modern tourism and witnessed an explosion in the second half of the 19th century and after. The guidebook was gradually improved, highly commercialized, popularized, and extended to many parts of the world and somehow managed to impose ‘beaten tracks’ on tourists. Similarly, the guidebook accompanied European colonial schemes, served as a tool for them and reflected their agendas and the mindset of the age. This paper is based on a large number of French and English guidebooks spanning approximately the period  between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and addresses the following questions: when and how was North Africa included in the tourist guidebook literature? What visions did the guidebook provide of the region? How far did the guidebooks contribute to placing North Africa in the global tourist networks and with what effect?