bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of the VAT Collectionin the Czech Republic
Authors: Burianova Olga
Published: April 2023

Value added tax is one of the EU budgets pillars. In the process of VATcollection, the environment of stability and continuity may be threatened. Eachmember country has an important role regarding payments to the budget of EU.The contribution is focused on the determination of threats and the consequentrisks, which can negatively affect the collection of VAT in the Czech Republic.The author’s aim is to find potential threats of VAT collection withinthe risk management process. The main research question is: What relevantthreats can be identified in VAT collection? Risk assessment techniquesused the recommendations of the CSN EN IEC 31010 (8/2020) and 31010(2018) standards. The thesis also provides a classification of threats accordingto the publicly available methodology of the Ministry of Finance, using riskmanagement processes. The DYVELOP© method is used for the identificationand analysis of operational risks, with a description of the semantics and syntaxof the graphical representation of the issue in tables. The author tried to use hisexperience from thirty years of practice in tax to present a comprehensive view.
JEL Classification: G32 , H26
Association of the Respiratory Severity Score with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Kielt Matthew , Beer Lindsey , Rivera Brian , Jama Waceys , Slaughter Jonathan , Backes Carl , Conroy Sara
Published: April 2023

Objective: To test the hypothesis that elevations in the respiratory severity score (RSS) are associated with increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH).
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of infants born extremely preterm admitted to a BPD center between 2010-2018. Echocardiograms obtained ≥36 weeks’ post-menstrual age (PMA) were independently adjudicated by two blinded cardiologists to determine the presence/absence of BPD-PH. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the association between RSS with BPD-PH.
Result: BPD-PH was observed in 68/223 (36%) of subjects. The median RSS at time of echocardiography was 3.04 (Range 0-18.3). A one-point increase in RSS was associated with BPD-PH, aOR 1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.4), after adjustment for gestational age and PMA at time of echocardiography.
Conclusion: Elevations in the RSS were associated with a greater risk of BPD-PH. Prospective studies are needed to determine the validity and performance of RSS as a clinical susceptibility/risk biomarker for BPD-PH.
QTL detection for three tiller-related traits and their effects on yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Cai Yibiao , Zhou Xiaohan , Wang Chenyang , Liu Aifeng , Sun Zhengcang , Li Shihui , Shi Xinyao , Yang Shuang , Guan Yuxiang , Cheng Jiajia , Wu Yongzhen , Qin Ran , Sun Han , Zhao Chunhua , Li Junming , Cui Fa
Published: April 2023

Tiller related traits play important roles in determining yielding potential in wheat. It is of great value to elucidate the genetic basis of tiller number for the genetic improvement of wheat yield. In the present study, a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) mapping population derived from the cross between Kenong 9204 (KN9204) × Jing 411 (J411) (denoted by KJ-RILs) was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of three tiller related traits. A total of 78 putative additive QTLs for spike number per plant (SNPP), the maximum tiller number (MTN) and ear-bearing tiller rate (EBTR) were detected in eight different environments. Among them, 12 repeatable QTL might be novel QTL that were firstly documented in the present study. The genetic effect analysis of two co-located major stable QTL, i.e., qSnpp-KJ-5D.1 and qMtn-KJ-5D.1, on yield-related traits were characterized. Moreover, the favored alleles of qSnpp-KJ-5D.1 and qMtn-KJ-5D.1 have been undergone selection in wheat breeding programs; its future application potential in the genetic improvement of yield based on molecular breeding technology was evaluated. The candidate genes underlying qMtn-KJ-5D.1 were predicated based on multi-omics data information, and TraesKN5D01HG00080 is likely to be its candidate gene. Overall, our findings will be useful for elucidating the genetic architecture of tiller-related traits and developing novel wheat varieties with high yield.
Renewed Measurements of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Phase Equilibrium
Authors: Ito Haruki , Gibo Akari , Shiraishi Sayaka , Yasuda Keita , Ohmura Ryo
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates phase equilibrium conditions in the carbon dioxide hydrate forming system. Carbon dioxide hydrate can be utilized for carbon capture, salt manufacture, carbonated solid foods and tritium water concentration, so the phase equilibrium conditions have been substantially reported so far. However, the data from previous studies were inconsistent with each other, such as there is a difference of 1.0 K in the phase equilibrium temperature at 2 MPa. In this study, the newly three-phase (water rich liquid + hydrate + carbon dioxide rich vapor) equilibrium conditions in the carbon dioxide hydrate forming system were measured at twenty different temperature conditions within the range of (271.9-282.7) K in the two different laboratories. The six pairs of three-phase equilibrium condition data measured under equivalent pressure conditions were consistent within mutual uncertainties. The internal consistency of the data measured in this study was evaluated by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The data measured in this study existed within the uncertainty range of the data from several previous studies.
The Right Angled Scattering Triangle Pre-Existing as the Scattering Vector Geometry in Partial Wave Analysis
Authors: Bhanumoorthy P
Published: April 2023

Bragg reflection necessitates an isosceles diffraction triangle.
Absence of Bragg reflection contradicts presence of isosceles diffraction triangle.
So must be the case with scattering triangle also.
Scattering involves no reflection.
When incident vector is doubled, reflection is removed and isosceles becomes right angled.
And thus the scattering triangle becomes right angled.
Partial wave analysis is in spherical coordinates and determines the correct substitute for the polar angle.
As the substitute, Bragg angle implies isosceles scattering triangle and scattering angle implies right angled scattering triangle.
As a standard, partial wave analysis is formulated with scattering angle as the substitute for polar angle.
Hence, partial wave analysis becomes the already existing application for the right angled scattering triangle.
Invariance of physical system in partial wave analysis validates the right angled scattering triangle.
Standing wave description readily explains the wavelength invariance in elastic scattering with unequal magnitudes of incident and scattered vectors in the right angled.
The existing scattering vector geometry as given in textbooks involves isosceles scattering triangle and hence needs to be modified.
The effect of childhood trauma on suicide risk: the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress
Authors: Yao Kaimin , Chen Peiyi , Zhou Hui , Ruan Jiajia , Chen Dan , Yang Xueling , Zhou You
Published: April 2023

Background Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years. A large number of studies have found that mental disorder in adulthood is closely related to childhood trauma, and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk is influenced by resilience and mental distress. This study aimed to explore the effects of childhood trauma on suicide risk among young people and the potential roles of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma on suicide risk.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 742 young adults who were in graduate school stage from multiple provinces and cities in China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-Short Form), Connor-Davison Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were used to measure young adults’ childhood trauma, resilience and suicide risk, respectively. 9-items Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-items self-report Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to measure mental distress. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the initial relationships among the main variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress on the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk.Results Childhood trauma significantly predicted suicide risk (β = 0.295, p < 0.001) and mental distress (β = 0.171, p < 0.001), which had negative effect on resilience (β = -0.198, p < 0.001). Resilience negatively affected mental distress (β = -0.491, p < 0.001) and suicide risk (β = -0.150, p < 0.001), while mental distress positively associated with suicide risk (β = 0.225, p < 0.001).Conclusion Mediation effect analysis showed that resilience and mental distress not only mediated the relationships between childhood trauma and suicide risk independently, but also in sequence. The present study provides a comprehensive view of the suicide risk in graduate students, and suggest to pay attention to their resilience and mental distress to prevent suicide risk.
Utilizing 3D Magnetic Source Imaging with Landmark-Based Features and Multi-classification for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Al-Rahayfeh Amer , Atiewi Saleh , Almiani Muder , Jararweh Mohammad , Faezipour Miad
Published: April 2023

Improvements in medical imaging have accelerated the rise of computerized healthcare. Namely, Magnetic Resource Imaging (MRI) has been shown to be a reliable method for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), the prenominal stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) (MCI). Complex nonlinear registration and tissue segmentation are needed in order to extract features from structural MRI, which increases computation costs. We suggest the diagnosis of AD utilizing landmark-based features and multi-classification from 3D MR images to solve this issue. Preprocessing, Patch extraction, Feature learning and fusion, and Classification are the successive modules that make up our proposed work. Three processes—Noise removal, Skull stripping, and Normalization—make up the Preprocessing module. A Distributed based Adaptive Median Filter (DAMF) is used to remove noise, while the Hybrid Watershed Algorithm is used to remove the skull (HWA). Particle Swarm Optimization is used to choose the most suitable landmarks for patch extraction (PSO). By increasing the effectiveness of the feature learning process, this method of patch extraction also tends to increase accuracy. A Deep Polynomial Network is used to carry out a new feature learning technique (DPN). The Genetic Algorithm is used to extract the best features from the learned features (GA). The chosen features are then combined. The given fused features are then divided into four groups by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier: AD, stable MCI (sMCI), progressive MCI (pMCI), and normal control (NC). We put our ideas into practice utilizing the MATLAB R2017b toolkit. The proposed work outperformed the SLbL technique in terms of Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, F-Score, and computation time.
Association Between Gut Microbiota and Digestive System Cancers: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xie Ning , Wang Ziwei , Shu Qiuai , Liang Xiru , Wang Jinhai , Wu Kaichun , Nie Yongzhan , Shi Yongquan , Liu Na , Fan Daiming , Wu Jian
Published: April 2023

Background Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota closely correlates with the tumorigenesis of digestive system cancers (DSCs). However, whether the causality between gut microbiota and DSCs exists is unknown.Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of gut microbiota and DSCs and the bidirectional two-sample MR analysis were utilized to assess the causality between gut microbiota and DSCs. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of our results.Results We found that genus Eggerthella (OR = 0.464, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.796, P = 0.005) was negatively associated with the risk of gastric cancer. Genetically predicted genus Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group (OR = 0.607, 95%CI: 0.439 to 0.84, P = 0.003) correlated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, and genus Turicibacter (OR = 0.271, 95%CI: 0.109 to 0.676, P = 0.005) was a protective factor for liver cancer. In the reverse MR, DSCs regulated the relative abundance of specific strains of gut microbiota.Conclusions We comprehensively screened the association of gut microbiota with DSCs via a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis and identified the causality between several microbial taxa and DSCs. Our discoveries are beneficial for the development of novel microbial markers and microbiota-modifying therapeutics for DSCs patients.
Optimization of Ti/IrO2-Sb2O3 anode material coating composition for high electrochemically active area using response surface method
Authors: Jayathilaka Pavithra Bhakthi , Bandara Athula , Nanayakkara Nadeeshani , Subasinghe Nalaka Deepal
Published: April 2023

Anode material plays big role in electrochemical oxidation process of water treatment. Since its coating composition can affect the degradation path way, the reaction mechanism and the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation process, it is important to identify the optimum conditions of a given material composition of a high electrochemical active area. In this work, central composite design with response surface method was implemented to optimize Ir and Sb contents of Ti/IrO2-Sb2O3 anode. In order to do that, response factors (i.e. anodic charge and open circuit potential value), which are related to electrochemically active area of the anode were monitored. They were expressed in second-order functions of two factors such as Ir and Sb concentrations. Since these factors showed significant impact on anodic charge and open circuit potential values of the anode, statistical analysis was done in order to gain the understanding of them. ANOVA table results, R2 and Radj values, lack of fit test and p values indicated that the models represent experimental data well. 3-D response surface and 2-D contour plots visualized the effects. Overall analysis of results found that 0.3625 mC anodic charge value and -0.0869 mV open circuit value can be obtained by optimum material conditions of 0.08 g/L and 0.92 g/L Ir and Sb concentrations respectively.
A case of VEXAS syndrome presenting with unusual bone marrow granulomas: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Vu Khiem , Wolfe Rachel , Lambird Jonathan , Maracaja Danielle
Published: April 2023

Background
VEXAS is a recently described inflammatory disease caused by mutations in the UBA1 gene. Symptoms are diverse and include fevers, cartilaginous inflammation, lung inflammation, vasculitis, neutrophilic dermatoses, and macrocytic anemia. Cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloid and erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow are a hallmark feature. Here we report the first case of VEXAS with non-caseating granulomas in the bone marrow.
Case presentation
A 62-year-old Asian male presented with fevers, erythema nodosum, inflammatory arthritis, and periorbital inflammation. Labs were significant for persistently elevated inflammatory markers and macrocytic anemia. Over the years his symptoms and inflammatory markers only improved with glucocorticoids and recurred when prednisone dose was lowered below 15–20 mg daily. He underwent bone marrow biopsy showing non-caseating granulomas and PET scan showing hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He was initially diagnosed with IgG4-related disease (treated with rituximab) and later sarcoidosis (treated with infliximab). After failing these agents, the possibility of VEXAS was considered and later confirmed by molecular testing.
Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of non-caseating granulomas in VEXAS, a cautionary reminder of its non-specificity since misinterpretation can lead to diagnostic delay. VEXAS should be in the differential in patients with symptoms of chronic inflammation responding positively to steroids (but not to B-cell depletion or TNF inhibition), which is in line with previous literature.
Analysis Crystal Structure of Sars-cov-2 Nsp3 Macrodomain Based on Optimal Multi Level of Deep Neurocomputing Technique
Authors: Al-Janabi Samaher , Alkaim Ayad
Published: April 2023

In an attempt to improve the analysis crystal structure of sars-cov-2 nsp3 macrodomain, a new deep learning neural network architecture called (DLSTM) is established in this work which combines a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called (Lion-AYAD ) and deterministic structure network (DSN) with Determined set of rules (Knowledge Constructions (KC)) for each protein’s generation from synthesis tRNA based on the location of each component (i.e., U, C, G and A) in the triples of tRNA and other KC related to SMILE Structures. LSTM is one of the deep learning algorithms (DLA) from type neurocomputing contain specific feature not found on other DLA is memory also it proves their ability to give results with high accuracy in prediction problem but on other side LSTM required to determined many parameters based on try and error concept and have high complexity of computation therefore This work attempting to solve this gap through suggest new tool to determine the structure of network and parameters through one optimization algorithm called Lion-AYAD. that searching of the optimal (objective function, #Hidden Layers, #nodes in each Layers and wights for four gate unit in each layers) called DSN. With trained bidirectional DLSTM on the DNA sequence to generated protein get very pragmatic results from determined which protein active and inactive in injury sars-cov-2. on other side trained bidirectional DLSTM on SMILES to analysis crystal structure of sars-cov-2 nsp3 macrodomain get very high reconstruction rates of the test set molecules were achieved 95%. In general Lion-AYAD is one of optimization algorithm determined the set of rules to avoiding incorrect interactions of materials, finally add the KC that include apply four rules through synthesis each triplet tRNA to generated proteins and five Rules through synthesis each SMILE Structure.
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide 0.19 mg (ILUVIEN ® ) in patients with non-infectious uveitis: real-world effectiveness and safety outcomes at 12 months
Authors: Moll-Udina Aina , Hernanz Inés , Sainz-de-la-Maza Maite , Pelegrín Laura , Borges Ana Isabel Coelho , Pazos Marta , Adán Alfredo , Llorenç Victor
Published: April 2023

Purpose This assessed the effectiveness of the 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant by multimodal measurements in patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU) in a real-world setting in Spain.Methods A prospective study of patients who had NIU including uveitic macular oedema (UME) with ≥ 12 months follow-up was done. Exclusion criteria include infectious uveitis and uncontrolled glaucoma or ocular hypertension requiring more than 2 medications. Effectiveness was assessed using a multicomponent outcome measure that included nine outcomes, with effectiveness defined as all components being met at every timepoint. Secondary outcome measures: onset or progression of glaucoma and investigator-reported adverse events.Results Twenty-six eyes from 22 patients were included, with 96.2% having an indication including UME. During the 12-month study, the FAc implant was effective in 15 (57.7%) eyes, reaching effectiveness as soon as 2 weeks post-implantation. Mean best-corrected visual acuity and mean central macular thickness (CMT) were significantly improved vs. baseline at all timepoints (all comparisons p < 0.01). During the 12-month study, markers of inflammation (anterior chamber cells and vitreous haze) also significantly declined. Factors predicting effectiveness at month 12: systemic corticosteroid dose pre-FAc, higher immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) load at baseline and thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) at baseline (all p < 0.05). Factors predicting failure: male, thinner RNFL at baseline and treatment ineffective at 1 month (all p < 0.05). In parallel, corticosteroid and IMT use also declined significantly. No significant increases in IOP.Conclusion The FAc implant is safe and effective at treating NIU over 12 months in a real-world setting in Spain.
Mesoporous fibrous Nanosilica (KCC-1) supported Polyaniline composite: Synthesis, characterization, and dye removal assessment in simulated and real water samples
Authors: TANWEER MOHD SAQUIB , IQBAL ZAFAR , ALAM MASOOD
Published: April 2023

In this work, polyaniline (PANI) functionalized fibrous porous silica nanoparticles (KCC-1 NPs) namely KCC-1/PANI nanocomposite with excellent surface area (391.34 m2/g) and adsorption capacities have been successfully developed by the hydrothermal method followed by the in situ polymerization technique. KCC-1/PANI has been characterized using FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTA, BET, and Zeta potential analyses and their adsorption property has been screened out against several dyes. The morphological characterization shows wrinkle shaped, fibrous type KCC-1 NPs. According to the TGA results, KCC-1/PANI withstands the temperature upto 470 ℃ with weight loss of only 35%. The adsorption capacities of PANI, KCC-1 and KCC-1/PANI nanocomposite for CV uptake at neutral pH was evaluated. The qmax of KCC-1/PANI against CV adsorption was 456.62 mg/g (obtained from Langmuir model). Adsorption mechanism investigation disclosed that the sorption of CV dye onto KCC-1/PANI was ascribed because of π-π and electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding (dipole-dipole interaction and Yoshida bonding) between hydrogen containing functional groups (hydroxyl and amine) of the KCC-1/PANI nanoadsorbent and CV molecules. Adsorption process strictly fulfilled pseudo second order kinetic model with R2 (0.998) and closeness between qecal (1428.57 mg/g) and qeexp (1417.14 mg/g). Thermodynamic studies revealed that the CV abatement using KCC-1/PANI is endothermic process with ΔH° = 9.11 kJ/mol and spontaneous as value of ΔG° is negative at all temperatures (ΔG° = -9.29 to -11.15 kJ/mol). Batch adsorption operations were also confirmed to validate the ability of the KCC1-/PANI nanoadsorbent to adsorb CV dye from real wastewater, including tap water, river water, and laundry wastewater. Hence, this study reflecting that KCC-1/PANI nanoadsorbent could be an exquisite material for the mitigation of cationic dye pollutants from aqueous environment.
METTL21C mediates the occurrence of autophagy and formation of slow-twitch muscle fibers after exercise
Authors: Qu Jing , Dang Shuai , Sun Yuan-Yuan , zhang Tao , Jiang Hai , Lu Hong-Zhao
Published: April 2023

Homeostasis is essential for muscle repair and regeneration after skeletal muscle exercise. This study investigated the role of methyltransferase-like 21C (METTL21C) in skeletal muscle of mice after exercise and the potential mechanism. First, muscle samples were collected at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after exercise, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, blood lactic acid (BLA) and triglyceride (TG) were assessed. Moreover, the expression levels of autophagy markers and METTL21C in skeletal muscle were analyzed. The results showed that the expressions of METTL21C and MYH7 in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice in the exercise group were significantly higher than that in the control group after exercise, which suggested that long-term exercise promoted the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibers in mouse skeletal muscle. Likewise, the autophagy capacity is enhanced with the extension of exercise in muscles. The findings were further verified in mouse C2C12 cells. We discovered that knockdown of Mettl21c reduced the expression of MYH7 and autophagy level in mouse myoblasts. These findings indicate that METTL21C mediates autophagy in skeletal muscle after exercise, maintains skeletal muscle homeostasis, and promotes differentiation of myogenic and formation of slow muscle fiber.
Attractive targeted sugar bait: the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr and the antimalarial pharmaceutical artemether-lumefantrine arrest Plasmodium falciparum development inside wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes
Authors: N’Guessan Raphael , Camara Soromane , Rowland Mark , Alou Ludovic P. Ahoua , Wolie Rosine Z. , Zoh Marius G. , N’Guessan Brou , Tia Innocent Z. , Oumbouke Welbeck A. , Thomas Matthew B. , Koffi Alphonsine A.
Published: April 2023

Background Attractive targeted sugar bait (ATSB) is a novel approach to vector control, offering an alternative mode of insecticide delivery via the alimentary canal, with potential to deliver a variety of compounds new to medical entomology and malaria control. Its potential to control mosquitoes was recently demonstrated in major field trials in Africa. The pyrrole chlorfenapyr is an insecticide new to malaria vector control, and through its unique mode of action – disruption of ATP mediated energy transfer in mitochondria – it may have direct action on energy transfer in the flight muscle cells of mosquitoes. It may also disrupt mitochondria of malarial parasites co-existing within the infected mosquito. However, little is known about the impact of such compounds on vector competence in mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission.Method In this study, we compared the effect of ATSBs containing chlorfenapyr insecticide and, as a positive control, the antimalarial drugs artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) on Plasmodium falciparum development in wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. for their capacity to reduce vector competence. To do this, we exposed females mosquitoes to ATSB containing sublethal dose of chlorfenapyr (CFP: 0.025%) or concentrations of A/L ranging from 0.4/2.4 mg/ml to 2.4/14.4 mg/ml, either shortly before or after infective blood meals. The impact of their component compounds on the prevalence and intensity of P. falciparum infection were compared between treatments.Results We showed that both prevalence and intensity of infection were significantly reduced in mosquitoes exposed to either A/L or CFP, compared to unexposed negative control mosquitoes. The A/L dose (2.4/14.4 mg per ml) totally erased P. falciparum parasites: 0% prevalence of infection in female mosquitoes exposed compared to 62% of infection in negative controls (df = 1, χ2 = 31.23 p < 0.001). The dose of CFP (0.25%) that killed < 20% females in ATSB showed a reduction in oocyte density of 95% per midgut (0.18/3.43 per midgut).Conclusion These results are evidence that CFP, in addition to its direct killing effect on the vector, has the capacity to block Plasmodium transmission by interfering with oocyte development inside pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, and through this dual action may potentiate its impact under field conditions.
Chemical Diversity and In Vitro/In Silico Antiviral Activity of Extracts from Different Parts of Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Poir
Authors: Carvalho Alice Rhelly Veloso , Reis José Diogo Evangelista , Gomes Paulo Wender Portal , Ferraz Ariane Coelho , Mardegan Horrana Acácio , Menegatto Marília Bueno da Silva , Lima Rafaela Lameira Souza , de Sarges Maria Rosilda Valente , Pamplona Sônia das Graças Santa Rosa , Gontijo Karen Sartori Jeunon , de Magalhães José Carlos , Silva Milton Nascimento da , Magalhães Cintia Lopes de Brito , Silva Consuelo Yumiko Yoshioka e
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae), the “stone breaker” has long been used in folk medicine to treat hepatitis B, an important viral disease. In this regard some species of this genus were tested against viruses as Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), COVID and Hepatitis C virus (HCV), showing expressive inhibition in some of them, attracting attention to the genus and to its chemical constituents. Although P. brasiliensis has no traditional use as an antiviral plant, these findings urge us to consider whether P. brasiliensis, plant widely distributed in the Brazilian Amazon and its compounds have antiviral activity against Vero cell lines infected with Mayaro, Oropouche, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses.
Objectives: Thus, herein we describe a study of extracts' chemical diversity, antiviral activity, and specialized metabolites detected in different parts of the Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Poir.,
Methods: In this context, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a crucial analytical method to reveal the identity of many drug candidates from extracts from medicinal plants used to treat diseases, including for instance infections by viruses.
Results: As result, 44 compounds were annotated by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking approach. Along, the extracts were tested against Vero cell lines infected with Mayaro, Oropouche, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Overall, the results revealed that this species is high in fatty acids, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and lignans. Among them, especially lignans are known to have promising antiviral properties. In this context, in vitro assays revealed potent antiviral activity against different viruses, especially lignan-rich extracts MEB (EC50 = 0.80 µg.mL− 1, SI = 377.59), MEL (EC50 = 0.84 µg.mL− 1, SI = 297.62), and HEL (EC50 = 1.36 µg.mL− 1, SI = 735.29) against Zika virus (ZIKV).
Conclusions: The potential of lignans was also supported by in silico antiviral prediction, and Tuberculatin (a lignan) stood out with high activity score and as a strong candidate from MEL extract. Therefore, authors believe that P. brasiliensis extracts contain metabolites that could be a new kick-off point with candidates for antiviral drug development, with lignans becoming a promising trend for further virology research.
Performance Evaluation and Participatory Variety Selection of Improved Highland Sorghum Varieties At West Hararghe Zone
Authors: Begna Temesgen , Gichile Hayilu
Published: April 2023

The ultimate purpose of a crop improvement program is to develop high yielding cultivars with desirable traits for farmers. However farmers in marginal areas still grow low-yielding, disease- and pest-prone sorghum land-races. In order to address the issues of farmers' selection criteria, an experiment was conducted at Hirna and Chiro with the objectives of evaluating adaptability and identifying farmers' preferred traits. During the 2019 main cropping season, a total of six sorghum varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design. Direct-matrix and pair-wise ranking algorithms were used to evaluate farmers at the flowering and maturity developmental stages. Grain yield, biomass, seed color, disease resistance, and seed size characteristics were given priority by farmers when evaluating and selecting their preferred varieties. At a 1% probability level, the combined analysis of variance results revealed the existence of highly significant genetic variation among varieties for all the traits under study. The maximum grain yield was obtained from Dibaba (11.375tha-1) and Jiru (10.175tha-1) varieties, which were also, identified as the superior improved sorghum varieties by field experiment and farmer visual observation. The correlation between grain yield and days to 50% flowering (0.91**), days to maturity (0.73**), and thousand seed weight (0.91**) was positive and highly significant. Based on the preferences of farmers as a whole, Dibaba and Jiru were ranked first and second and followed by Adelle, Chiro, and ETS2752 respectively. As a result, farmers' evaluations and the result of field experiments led to the choice of the varieties Dibaba and Jiru due to their superior performance compared to the other varieties. Dibaba and Jiru improved sorghum varieties were thus recommended for multiplication and distribution to farmers through both formal and informal seed systems as the experiment's result. In general, plant breeders and farmers' perspectives were combined to boost acceptance rates and make effective breeding programs for future improvement.
ESG Performance and Credit Risk in Latin America
Authors: Dandaro Fernanda Massarotto , Lima Fabiano Guasti
Published: April 2023

Previous studies suggest that the environmental, social and governance performance of companies helps to build a stronger image and reputation, thus providing better financial performance. However, the adoption of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices as a tool for financial risk management is still little explored, especially in undeveloped economies. This research seeks to fill this gap by investigating whether the adoption of ESG practices reduces credit risk in publicly traded companies in Latin America. The results, obtained through an ordered logistic regression, considering the rating of the companies as a dependent variable and the indices of the ESG dimensions, obtained by the Refinitiv base, as explanatory variables, provide evidence that ESG practices are not being considered for the assignment of credit risk ratings from Moody’s and Fitch agencies. Thus, ESG practices are not helping to reduce credit risk, especially when we consider Argentine and Peruvian companies. The results are robust, even when considering the capital structure, profitability, leverage, size, and asset turnover. Thus, the article contributes by showing that even with the advances of credit rating agencies in adopt ESG indicators, it is still not possible to observe an impact on credit risk reduction, as evidenced by the literature.
The Future is Now for Precision Genomic Addiction Medicine as a Frontline
Modality for Inducing “Dopamine Homeostasis” in Reward Deficiency
Syndrome (RDS)
Authors: Gilley Elizabeth D. , Bowirrat Abdalla , Gupta Ashim , Giordano John , Dennen Catherine A. , Braverman Eric , Badgaiyan Rajendra D. , McLaughlin Thomas , Baron David , Blum Kenneth
Published: April 2023

In this genomic era of addiction medicine, ideal treatment planning begins with genetic
screening to determine neurogenetic antecedents of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) phenotype.
Patients suffering from endotype addictions, both substance and behavioral, and other
mental health/comorbid disorders that share the neurobiological commonality of dopamine dysfunction,
are ideal candidates for RDS solutions that facilitate dopamine homeostasis, addressing
the cause, rather than symptoms. Our goal is to promote the interplay of molecular biology and
recovery as well as provide evidence linked to RDS and its scientific basis to primary care physicians
and others. This was an observational case study with a retrospective chart review in which
an RDS treatment plan that utilized Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) analysis to evaluate
neurogenetic challenges was used in order to develop appropriate short- and long-term pharmaceutical
and nutraceutical interventions. A Substance Use Disorder (SUD) treatment-resistant patient
was successfully treated utilizing the GARS test and RDS science. The RDS Solution Focused
Brief Therapy (RDS-SFBT) and the RDS Severity of Symptoms Scale (SOS) may provide clinicians
with a useful tool for establishing neurological balance and helping patients to achieve selfefficacy,
self-actualization, and prosperity.
Effects of Kefir Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic
Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yahyapoor Farveh , Haghighat Neda , Sohrabi Zahra , Asbaghi Omid , Bagherniya Mohammad , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: April 2023

Background:

Fermentation of lactose in milk by bacteria and yeasts naturally present in
kefir grains produces a beverage that has been suggested to have cardiovascular benefits. This systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effects
of this kefir beverage on cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods:

Literature search utilised PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar for
articles published from inception until June 2021. Cardiometabolic risk indices extracted included
insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA_IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood sugar
(FBS), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight (BW). In total, six RCTs (314 subjects) were
selected for the meta-analysis. Inverse-variance weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence
interval (CI) was calculated for the mean changes in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBS,
HbA1c and BW compared to baseline. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled
WMD.

Results:

Kefir intake significantly reduced fasting insulin (WMD: -3.69 micro-IU/mL,95% CI:
-6.30 to -1.07, p = 0.006, I2 = 0.0%) and HOMA-IR (WMD: -2.56, 95% CI: -3.82 to -1.30,
p<0.001, I2 = 19.4%). No effect on TC (p = 0.088), TG (p = 0.824), HDL-C (p = 0.491), LDL-C (p
= 0.910), FBS (p = 0.267), HbA1c (p = 0.339) or body weight (p = 0.439) were found for kefir
treatment.

Conclusion:

Kefir has a beneficial effect in decreasing insulin resistance; however, no effect was
seen on BW, FBS, HbA1C, and lipid profile.
The Impact of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol Implementation
on Postoperative Pain Management in the Era of Opioid Crisis: The Postchemotherapy
Open RPLND Experience
Authors: Dimitropoulos Konstantinos , Pisters Louis L. , Papandreou Christos N. , Daliani Danai , Karatzas Anastasios , Petsiti Argiro , Tassoudis Vassilios , Arnaoutoglou Eleni , Vlachostergios Panagiotis J. , Tzortzis Vassilios
Published: April 2023

Aim:

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been proven to optimize
postoperative outcomes; however, misuse of opioid analgesics can still hinder postoperative recovery
due to related side effects and potential complications.

Introduction:

To determine if the implementation of ERAS protocol in post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal
lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) patients could help with reducing postoperative pain and
opioid use.

Methods:

case-control study of consecutive testicular cancer patients with indications for PCRLPND,
who were offered Conventional Post-operative Management (CPM) or ERAS protocol. Outcomes
of interest included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-assessed pain level at postoperative days 3,
7, and 30, and Morphine-Equivalent Doses (MEDs)/postoperative day. Intraoperative parameters and
postoperative complications were recorded. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used for statistical
analysis.

Results:

In total, 100 opioid-naïve PC-RPLND patients were studied. CPM and ERAS groups (36 and
64 patients, respectively) had similar demographic and baseline clinical characteristics). ERAS group
patients had significantly lower blood loss (p = 0.005), blood transfusion rate (p < 0.001), and duration
of the procedure (p < 0.001). Post-operative complications were comparable between groups.
Nausea and bowel disorders were numerically but not statistically more frequent in the CPM group.
ERAS patients had shorter mean hospital stay (5.3 ± 1.4 vs. 7.4 ± 1.6 days, p < 0.001), lower daily
MEDs (4.73 ± 2.63 vs. 7.04 ± 2.29, p < 0.001), and lower VAS scores on post-operative day 7 (3.89 ±
1.07 vs. 4.67 ± 1.17, p = 0.001). Post-operative pain was similar between groups on post-operative
days 3 and 30.

Conclusion:

Systematic implementation of ERAS protocol after PC-RPLND improves pain management, optimizes patient recovery, and prevents over-prescription of opioid analgesics.
Employing “Red Flags” to Fight the Most Neglected Diseases: Nitroaromatic
as Still Suitable Tools to Treat Human and Veterinary Parasitosis
Authors: Galasse Rando Daniela Gonçales , de Oliveira Costa Helena Gabrielle , Fernanda Heitor Thais , de Moraes Josué , Amorim Pavani Thais Fernanda
Published: April 2023

Nitroaromatic compounds have been used for treating parasitic diseases since the 1960s. Pharmacological alternatives to treat them are under observation. However, for the most neglected diseases, such as those caused by worms and less known protozoans, nitro compounds are still among the drugs of choice, despite their well-known collateral effects. In this review, we describe the chemistry and the uses of the still most employed nitroaromatic compounds for treating parasi-tosis caused by worms or lesser-known protozoans. We also describe their application as veterinary drugs. The most accepted mechanism of action seems to be the same, leading to collateral effects. For this reason, a special session was dedicated to discussing toxicity, carcinogenicity, and muta-genesis, as well as the most acceptable aspects of the known structure-activity/toxicity relationships involving nitroaromatic compounds. It employed the SciFindern search tool from the American Chemical Society in the search for the most relevant bibliography within the field, exploring key-word expressions such as “NITRO COMPOUNDS” and “BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY” (within Ab-stracts or Keywords) and concepts related to parasites, pharmacology and toxicology. The results were classified according to the chemical classes of nitro compounds, being the most relevant stud-ies regarding journal impact and interest of the described results chosen to be discussed. From the found literature, it is easy to notice that nitro compounds, especially the nitroaromatic ones, are still widely used in antiparasitic therapy, despite their toxicity. They also are the best starting point in the search for new active compounds.
Recent Advancement in Multicomponent Synthesis of Fused Coumarin
Derivatives
Authors: Yadav Vinita , Thakur Ajay , Bharti Ruchi , Verma Monika , Sharma Renu
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of coumarin derivatives has been an essential topic since its discovery in 1820. In bioactive compounds, the coumarin moiety serves as a backbone, as many such bioactive compounds with the coumarin moiety play a significant role in their bioactivities. Given this moie-ty's relevance, several researchers are developing fused-coumarin derivatives to create new drugs. Mostly the approach done for this purpose was a multicomponent reaction based. Over the years, the multicomponent reaction has gained enormous popularity, and this approach has evolved as a replacement for conventional synthetic methods. Because of all these perspectives, we have report-ed the various fused-coumarin derivatives synthesized using multicomponent reactions in recent years.
Mesalamine may be a Plausible Therapeutic Agent for the Management of Diabetic Wounds: A Computational Approach
Authors: Jadeja Jayrajsinh , Kakasaniya Priya , Asodariya Jaydip , Yele Vidyasrilekha , Sanapalli Bharat Kumar Reddy
Published: April 2023

Aim:

Validation of mesalamine (MS) as a potential therapeutic agent in treating diabetic
wound (DW) healing using in silico approach.

Background:

Diabetic wound (DW) is a serious consequence of diabetes that frequently results in the
amputation of the affected organ. Maggot therapy, pressure off-loading, surgical intervention, glucose
control, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, wound debridement, and other treatments are currently available for
DW. However, the majority of people do not meet all DW requirements due to significant pathology and
the high expense of the solutions.

Objective:

To address the issues with current conventional therapy, we reasoned that repurposing existing
medication (MS) to a target receptor that plays a significant role in the progression of DW might be advantageous.
Mesalamine (MS), also known as Mesalazine or 5- Aminosalicylic acid, is an aminosalicylate
anti-inflammatory used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC), inflamed anus
or rectum. The complicated pathophysiology of DW, which includes prolonged inflammation, increased
infection, decreased cell proliferation, and migration, is a serious issue. As a result, we chose the MMP-9,
TNF-α, MurC, ParE, and GSK-3β receptors as a universal target for treating the complex pathogenesis of
DW. The use of MS as a therapeutic modulator on MMP-9, TNF-α, MurC, ParE, and GSK-3β receptors
was studied in the current hypothetical investigation.

Methods:

Computational studies such as molecular docking and MMGBSA were performed by using the
Schrödinger suite.

Results:

Computational investigations, such as molecular docking and MMGBSA were used to test our
theory. It is clear from the in silico methods that MS has a higher binding affinity for the designated receptors.
Hence, it is predicted that MS may be a good therapeutic agent to use in the treatment of DW.

Conclusion:

As a result of our findings, MS appears to be a unique therapeutic drug for the treatment of
DW. However, further studies are highly required to take MS into clinical use.
Insight into Quantum Computing and Deep Learning Approach for Drug Design
Authors: Paliwal Deepika , Rao Gudhanti Siva Naga Koteswara , Yadav Devdhar , Raj Prince
Published: April 2023

:

In recent years, substantial modelling breakthroughs have been achieved in artificial intelligence
due to new algorithms, improved computer power, and expanded storage capacity. These factors
have made it possible to process large amounts of data in a short amount of time. By using quantum computing
in conjunction with deep learning models, it has been possible to explain the characteristics of
ligands and their interactions with biological targets. This contributes to the process of ligand identification
and ultimately results in the optimization of drug design. This review explains the extensive use of
quantum deep learning in the development of drug design from traditional to quantum-powered deep
learning neural networks that cover some domains like variational quantum Eigen solver, variational
quantum circuits, quantum convolutional deep neural networks, QC-based deep neural networks for
QSAR, as well as quantized generative models for the discovery of small drug molecules. Quantum computing
can execute incredible computational work tenfold faster than current technology, transforming
drug design, development, and post-marketing surveillance. This will reduce the time and resources needed
to develop a medicine. Scientific research is moving toward quantum computing since it is anticipated
that QC-based deep learning technologies can predict and mimic the characteristics, structures, and activities
of molecules more efficiently than different ML techniques or conventional computers.
Oral Microbial and Molecular Cross Talk between SARS-CoV-2 and
Diabetes Mellitus - A Mini Review
Authors: Kheur Supriya , Ghosal Sushmita , Desai Karishma Madhusudan
Published: April 2023

The oral microbiome has long been considered a measure of overall systemic health. It
is often significantly altered in case of chronic inflammation or any other systemic infection.
Therefore, a shift in oral microbiota and oral health is bound to be observed in diabetics infected
with the coronavirus. The prognosis of COVID-19 in a diabetic individual is often worse than that
in a healthy individual. The increased pathogenicity of coronavirus in diabetics is due to the peculiar
ways in which it interacts with specific physiological mechanisms in a diabetic patient and vice
versa. Diabetes Mellitus Type-II (DM -II) is one of the most frequently associated co-morbidities
in a COVID-19 patient, and therefore it is even more pertinent that their interrelationship is understood.
It is essential to recognize the above-mentioned interactions and consider their implications
while treating susceptible patients. This article attempts to review and summarize the said vital interactions.
Additionally, it attempts to guide and prepare oral health professionals on what to expect
and how to treat diabetic patients in a future where coronavirus is, as unfortunate as it is, a
regularity and not a rarity.