bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Print Capitalism, War, and the Remaking of the Mass Media in 1930s China
Authors: Chin Sei Jeong
Published: August 2013

This article explores the intricate relationship among print capitalism, war, and the popularization of newspapers in 1930s China by analyzing the motivations for publishing the Libao 立报 and the reasons behind its success. Most of the print capitalists publishing major broadsheet newspapers in Shanghai in the early 1930s did not have a strong financial motivation to popularize such broadsheets especially because of the relatively small circulation of printed materials, the underdevelopment of communications infrastructures, the low level of literacy, and the small size of the middle class. However, this study of the Libao published in the mid-1930s demonstrates that the simultaneity of the commercialization of print media and the outbreak of the national crisis in the 1930s gave rise to the expansion of a politicized reading public and to popular nationalism, and provided print capitalists with financial motives to popularize and politicize newspapers.
The Landscape for Diabetes Education
Authors: Martin Annette Lenzi , Warren Joshua P. , Lipman Ruth D.
Published: August 2013

Purpose

The National Member Practice Survey (NPS) of the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) is conducted biannually to describe the current diabetes education practice in the United States and identify trends, opportunities, and areas for improvement.

Methods

The 2012 NPS contained 49 questions about diabetes education providers, patients, and programs. The survey, sent electronically to approximately 13 000 AADE members, was completed by 3644 members. Testing was completed using a significance level of .05 or 95% confidence.

Results

While nurses and dietitians continued to comprise the majority of diabetes educators in 2012, a significant increase from 2010 occurred in the respondents identified as pharmacists (5% vs 4%). Individuals holding the certified diabetes educator (CDE) credential decreased slightly in 2012 from 2010. Practice settings for diabetes education increased significantly in 2012 versus 2010 for hospital outpatient/clinic (44% vs 37%) and hospital inpatient (20% vs 15%) settings. Prediabetes education was provided by 78% of respondents. Nearly 53% of educators indicated they devoted more than 4 hours per week to data entry, significantly higher than any other amount of time. Collection of clinical and behavioral outcomes increased significantly in 2012 from 2010.

Conclusions

Results of the 2012 NPS provide evidence that the practice of diabetes education is continuing to adapt to evolving models of health care in the United States by expanding the mix of practitioners providing education, engaging in necessary system support activities, and broadening the range of patients seen to include individuals at risk of developing diabetes.
Does Cultural Exposure Partially Explain the Association Between Personality and Political Orientation?
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Mar Raymond A. , Peterson Jordan B.
Published: August 2013

Differences in political orientation are partly rooted in personality, with liberalism predicted by Openness to Experience and conservatism by Conscientiousness. Since Openness is positively associated with intellectual and creative activities, these may help shape political orientation. We examined whether exposure to cultural activities and historical knowledge mediates the relationship between personality and political orientation. Specifically, we examined the mediational role of print exposure (Study 1), film exposure (Study 2), and knowledge of American history (Study 3). Studies 1 and 2 found that print and film exposure mediated the relationships Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness have with political orientation. In Study 3, knowledge of American history mediated the relationship between Openness and political orientation, but not the association between Conscientiousness and political orientation. Exposure to culture, and a corollary of this exposure in the form of acquiring knowledge, can therefore partially explain the associations between personality and political orientation.
Consequences of Collective-Focused Leadership and Differentiated Individual-Focused Leadership
Authors: Kunze Florian , de Jong Simon Barend , Bruch Heike
Published: August 2013

Recent advances in leadership research suggest that collective-focused leadership climate and differentiated individual-focused leadership might simultaneously, yet oppositely, affect collective outcomes. The present study extends this literature by addressing open questions regarding theory, methods, statistics, and level of analysis. Therefore, a new and more parsimonious theoretical model is developed on the organizational-level of analysis. Drawing on the commitment literature, we argue for opposite relations of the two leadership constructs on the affective organizational commitment climate. We subsequently theorize that contingent-reward leadership climate moderates these opposing relationships, making our study the first in this field to investigate moderators. Last, we reason that organizational effectiveness is enhanced when affective commitment is “put into action” and raises the organizational citizenship behavior climate. Our three-path moderated-mediation hypotheses are tested, and supported, by structural equation modeling analyses in a multisource data set containing 16,911 respondents from 157 companies. Extensive alternative model testing shows that our theory and findings are robust.
Status in Organization and Management Theory
Authors: Piazza Alessandro , Castellucci Fabrizio
Published: August 2013

Status is a pervasive construct in the organizational literature, and a recent surge in interest in the topic testifies to its potential as a field of study. In this article, we review the existing studies on status, and we propose an integrative classification framework based on two distinct dimensions: the level of analysis—macro, meso, or micro—and the role status hierarchies play in extant research. We do so with a view to clarifying the status construct, differentiating it from the cognate concept of reputation, and clearly stating the ways in which status dynamics could inform organizational scholars and their research efforts. We conclude by highlighting underdeveloped theoretical intersections and suggesting potentially fruitful directions for future inquiry.
Adoptees’ curiosity and information-seeking about birth parents in emerging adulthood
Authors: Wrobel Gretchen Miller , Grotevant Harold D. , Samek Diana R. , Korff Lynn Von
Published: August 2013

The Adoption Curiosity Pathway (ACP) model was used to test the potential mediating effect of curiosity on adoption information-seeking in a sample of 143 emerging adult adoptees (mean age = 25.0 years) who were adopted as infants within the United States by parents of the same race. Adoptees were interviewed about their intentions and actions taken to gather new information about their birth mothers and fathers. As expected, level of curiosity was positively associated with information-seeking behavior. Moreover, level of curiosity was influenced by adoptees’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators toward information-seeking. In fact, curiosity partially mediated the impact of internal and external barriers on information-seeking about birth mothers. Curiosity fully mediated the impact of external barriers and partially mediated external facilitators on birth father information-seeking. This study provides important support for the ACP, which describes context, motivation, and behavior relating to seeking new adoption-related information.
Attention and language as mediators of academic outcomes following early psychosocial deprivation
Authors: Merz Emily C. , McCall Robert B. , Wright Amanda J.
Published: August 2013

Children adopted from institutions at older ages are at increased risk of persistent attention problems, lower cognition, and academic difficulties. This study examined cognitive and behavior problems as mediators of the association between early psychosocial deprivation and academic functioning. Participants were 8–17-year-old children adopted from psychosocially-depriving Russian institutions after 14 months of age ( n = 34) and before 9 months of age ( n = 39). Children completed a cognitive assessment, while their parents completed questionnaires on child behavior problems and use of learning support services in school. Children adopted after 14 months were found to have significantly lower vocabulary, higher levels of attention problems, and higher rates of using learning support services relative to children adopted before 9 months after controlling for age at assessment. The two groups did not differ significantly in nonverbal reasoning, anxiety, or oppositional behavior. Attention and vocabulary significantly mediated the association of early psychosocial deprivation with the use of learning support services. These findings suggest that interventions targeting attention regulatory and language skills may be beneficial in terms of improving school performance in this population.
Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in tracheal surgery: a case series
Authors: Chang X , Zhang X , Li X , Xu M , Zhao H , Fang W , Yao F
Published: August 2013

Objectives:

To review our experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in airway management during tracheal surgery.

Methods:

A retrospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in tracheal surgery in Shanghai Chest Hospital between 2008 and 2012.

Results:

In all 91 tracheal surgeries, 7 high-risk cases used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support ranged from 10 min to 31 min. All extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients underwent surgical procedures safely and there was no hospital mortality.

Conclusions:

Although various advanced anesthesia techniques can ensure a safe airway in tracheal surgery in most cases, extracorporeal circulation plays an important role in high-risk cases.
A systematic review of circulating markers in primary chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Smith Ross K , Golledge Jonathan
Published: August 2013

Objectives

The etiology of primary chronic venous insufficiency is poorly understood. This systematic review aimed to summarize published evidence assessing the association of circulating markers with primary chronic venous insufficiency.

Methods

A search was undertaken through the PubMed database using the terms “venous insufficiency” and “biological marker” or “plasma” or “serum”. Search limits included English language, human subjects and studies with publication dates from 1994. Studies which classified patients using the Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology system of venous disease were analyzed.

Results

Seventeen studies were included, which have examined > 60 different biomarkers. A total of 13 markers were assessed in >1 study with the number of primary chronic venous insufficiency cases ranging from 41 to 244 and the number of controls ranging from 30 to 144 in these studies. Circulating estradiol, homocysteine and vascular endothelial growth factor were the most consistently associated with primary chronic venous insufficiency.

Conclusions

Whilst a number of studies have examined biomarkers associated with primary chronic venous insufficiency, further studies are required using improved and standardized approaches on larger populations. Biomarker research may increase pathogenic knowledge and result in opportunities to decrease chronic venous insufficiency burden.
Beyond the Primary Influences of Parents and Peers on Very Young Adolescent Alcohol Use
Authors: Smith Dayna T. , Kelly Adrian B. , Chan Gary C. K. , Toumbourou John W. , Patton George C. , Williams Joanne W.
Published: August 2013

This study examined the extent to which young adolescent alcohol use was related to alcohol-related norms and law enforcement of underage alcohol use, after accounting for known strong parent and peer correlates. Our sample consisted of 7,674 students ([Formula: see text] age = 12 years) from 30 Australian communities. Two-level (individuals nested within communities) binary logistic regression was used to examine relationships between recent alcohol use (last 30 days) and perceived community norms about alcohol use, perceived law enforcement of underage alcohol use, parent alcohol use, parent permissiveness of adolescent alcohol use, peer alcohol use, and demographic factors. Results indicated that community norms and perceived law enforcement of alcohol use were associated with alcohol use and this association was independent of parent and peer factors. After accounting for proximal social correlates, community factors were significantly associated with alcohol use among very young adolescents.
Bronchial artery hypertrophy is correlated with coronary artery disease
Authors: Tresoldi Silvia , Di Leo Giovanni , Villa Federica , Squarza Silvia Amaryllis Claudia , Beneggi Irene Maria , Flor Nicola , Sardanelli Francesco , Cornalba Gianpaolo
Published: August 2013

Background

Bronchial arteries support the systemic pulmonary vasculature and physiologically communicate with pulmonary arteries and coronary arteries. While there is evidence supporting the link between pulmonary diseases and bronchial artery hypertrophy (BAH), few data on the correlation between coronary artery disease (CAD) and BAH have been published.

Purpose

To evaluate a possible association between BAH and CAD in patients without known pulmonary diseases undergoing computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA).

Material and Methods

This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee. One hundred patients with varying degrees of CAD underwent CTCA. Patients were stratified into four groups as follows: group I, 25 patients without CAD or with non-significant CAD; group II, 25 untreated patients with significant CAD; group III, 25 stented patients; group IV, 25 patients with coronary artery bypass grafts. The number and diameter of bronchial arteries were recorded. Correlation between age, CAD, and BAH was estimated.

Results

One hundred and ninety-nine bronchial arteries were detected. Approximately 51% were hypertrophic (diameter, >1.5 mm) with a mean diameter of 1.7 ± 0.5 mm. Seventy-six patients showed no pulmonary alterations; 24 were found to have previously undiagnosed pulmonary findings, six of which were severe. Presence and degree of CAD correlated with patients’ mean age (60 in group I, 68 in group II, 65 in group III, 69 in group IV; P = 0.023), and mean bronchial artery transverse diameter (1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively; P = 0.009). The bronchial artery diameter was not associated with pulmonary findings ( P = 0.390).

Conclusion

There is an association between CAD and BAH. In patients with no pulmonary alterations, BAH could be caused by undiagnosed underlying CAD.
A motive for the use of a posterior approach in shoulder arthography: ventral leakage of contrast medium
Authors: Adriaensen Miraude EAPM , Ertl Oliver T , Laar Peter-Jan van , Nix Maarten , Vanhoenacker Filip M
Published: August 2013

Background

Some orthopedic surgeons request a posterior approach for shoulder magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography, especially in patients with anterior shoulder instability, to avoid interpretive difficulties in differentiating anterior extraarticular contrast injection when using an anterior approach from ventral leakage of contrast.

Purpose

To determine the occurrence of ventral leakage of contrast in shoulder MR arthrography when using a posterior approach.

Material and Methods

Retrospectively, we included 73 consecutive patients who underwent shoulder MR arthrography (1.0 Tesla) using the posterior approach. Three unsuccessful procedures were excluded. Ventral leakage of contrast, defined as contrast seen around the musculus subscapularis without distention of the posterior capsule, was recorded. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results

Seventy shoulders were included. Forty-one left shoulders were involved (59%). Mean age of patients was 49 years (range, 17–76 years). Thirty-five patients were women (50%). Ventral leakage of contrast was seen in 12 shoulders (17%).

Conclusion

As ventral leakage of contrast was seen in a substantial number of cases when using a posterior approach in shoulder MR arthrography, the use of a posterior approach is advised to avoid misinterpretation of ventral contrast leakage with accidental extra articular contrast injection, and to increase confidence in the final radiological diagnosis.
Results of Arthroscopic Labral Reconstruction of the Hip in Elite Athletes
Authors: Boykin Robert E. , Patterson Diana , Briggs Karen K. , Dee Ashley , Philippon Marc J.
Published: August 2013

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been well characterized as a cause of hip pain and resultant damage to the acetabular labrum. It has become increasingly clear that an intact labrum is essential for normal joint mechanics, hip stability, and preservation of the articular cartilage. Elite athletes with a hypoplastic or irreparable labrum present a difficult clinical challenge.

Purpose:

To assess clinical outcomes and determine if elite athletes are able to return to a high level of function and sport after labral reconstruction.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review of a prospectively collected registry identified 21 elite athletes (23 hips) with an average age of 28.0 years (range, 19-41 years) who underwent an arthroscopic iliotibial band labral reconstruction. Concomitant procedures included femoral and acetabular osteoplasty in all patients and microfracture in 9 of 23 hips. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), the Hip Outcome Score (HOS), the Short Form–12 (SF-12), and patient satisfaction (on a scale from 1-10). Return to play was determined, as well as level of return to play, based on sport-specific statistics.

Results:

Two patients progressed to arthroplasty. There were 2 revisions in this group of patients, both for lysis of capsulolabral adhesions in which the graft was found to be well integrated at the time of surgery. The rate of return to play was 85.7% (18/21), with 81% (17/21) returning to a similar level. Subjective follow-up was obtained from 17 of the remaining 19 patients (89%), with an average follow-up of 41.4 months (range, 20-74 months). The average MHHS improved from 67 to 84 ( P = .026) and the average HOS Sport subscore from 56 to 77 ( P = .009). The overall median patient satisfaction with outcome was 8.2 (range, 3-10).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic labral reconstruction using an ipsilateral iliotibial band autograft provides good short-term clinical outcomes, high patient satisfaction, and a satisfactory level of return to play in a select group of elite athletes.
Passive Anterior Tibial Subluxation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Deficient Knees
Authors: Tanaka Miho J. , Jones Kristofer J. , Gargiulo Andrew M. , Delos Demetris , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Potter Hollis G. , Pearle Andrew D.
Published: August 2013

Background:

Abnormal anterior-posterior and rotational motion secondary to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency is typically described in terms of dynamic laxity. An original description of the abnormal tibiofemoral relationship in the setting of ACL insufficiency has highlighted the presence of a fixed anterior tibial subluxation in this population of failed ACL reconstruction (ACLR); however, no study has quantified the degree of tibial subluxation in both the medial and lateral compartments.

Purpose:

To measure and compare the amount of anterior tibial subluxation among various states of ACL competency, including (1) intact ACL, (2) acute ACL disruption, and (3) failed ACLR (ie, patients requiring revision ACLR). We hypothesized that anterior tibial displacement would be greater in the lateral compartment and in cases of failed ACLR compared with intact and acute ACL injured states.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a standardized measurement technique, we determined the amount of anterior tibial subluxation relative to a constant posterior condylar reference point. Measurements were performed in both the medial and the lateral compartments and were compared with 1-way analysis of variance. The presence of meniscal tears along with meniscal volume loss and chondral damage was correlated with the amount of subluxation in each group.

Results:

Compared with the intact ACL state, the medial tibial plateau was positioned more anteriorly relative to the femur in both acute ACL injured knees (mean 1.0 mm) and those that failed ACLR (mean 1.8 mm) ( P = .072). In the lateral compartment, there was 0.8 mm of mean anterior tibial displacement after acute ACL injury and 3.9 mm of mean anterior subluxation in patients who failed ACLR ( P < .001). Mean anterior displacement of the lateral plateau in patients who failed ACLR was almost 5 times greater than the amount observed in patients with acute ACL injuries. There was no correlation between meniscal/chondral injury and the amount of subluxation.

Conclusion:

Patients who require revision ACLR have an abnormal tibiofemoral relationship noted on MRI that is most pronounced in the lateral compartment and should be taken into account during revision surgery. These observations may explain the suboptimal clinical results seen in some patients who undergo revision ACLR.
Victimization Experiences, Substance Misuse, and Mental Health Problems in Relation to Risk for Lethality Among African American and African Caribbean Women
Authors: Sabri Bushra , Stockman Jamila K. , Bertrand Desiree R. , Campbell Doris W. , Callwood Gloria B. , Campbell Jacquelyn C.
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of intimate partner victimization experiences, mental health (MH), and substance misuse problems with the risk for lethality among women of African descent. Data for this cross-sectional study were derived from a large case-control study examining the relationship between abuse status and health consequences. Women were recruited from primary care, prenatal, or family planning clinics in Baltimore and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Logistic regression was used to generate the study findings. Among 543 abused women, physical and psychological abuse by intimate partners, comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, and PTSD-only problems significantly increased the likelihood of lethality risk. However, victims’ substance misuse and depression-only problems were not associated with the risk for lethality. In addition, PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between severe victimization experiences and risk for lethality. Practitioners should pay attention to victimization experiences and MH issues when developing treatment and safety plans. Policies to fund integrated services for African American and African Caribbean women with victimization and related MH issues, and training of providers to identify at-risk women may help reduce the risk for lethality in intimate partner relationships.
Street-level charity: Beggars, donors, and welfare policies
Authors: Muñoz Cristian Pérez , Potter Joshua D
Published: August 2013

Begging is a phenomenon that has largely been ignored by scholars of the welfare state. This is surprising because the presence of beggars in a society tends to be interpreted as the welfare state's failure to adequately provide for its citizens. This paper examines the conditions under which we expect donors to actually give money to beggars at the street level. In particular, it offers a systematic theoretical framework for analyzing interactions between beggars and potential donors. We develop a game theoretic model where potential donors and beggars interact with one another in the context of a broader political environment. The contribution of our approach is twofold. First, it offers equilibria results on the strategic considerations that motivate begging practices. Second, it explains how social welfare policies at the macro-level can indirectly shape the parameters that structure these street-level equilibria.
Control allocation for regenerative braking of electric vehicles with an electric motor at the front axle using the state-dependent Riccati equation control technique
Authors: Kanarachos Stratis , Alirezaei Mohsen , Jansen Sven , Maurice Jan-Pieter
Published: August 2013

In this paper the systematic development of an integrated braking controller for a vehicle driven by an electric motor on the front axle is presented. The objective is to engage the electric motor only during braking, up to the point at which the vehicle reaches its manoeuvrability and stability limit. The control challenges are to distribute the braking effort correctly between the hydraulic brakes at the four tyres and the electric motor, to handle the tyre saturation and motor constraints effectively and to adapt the control allocation based on the vehicle’s states. The controller is designed using the state-dependent Riccati equation control technique, the vehicle state estimation and the ‘magic formula’ tyre model. The state-dependent Riccati equation control technique is a suboptimal control design technique for non-linear systems. A novel method for constructing the state-dependent coefficient formulation of the system dynamics is proposed. Soft constraints in the state dynamics are described, while an augmented penalty approach is suggested for handling the system’s hard constraints. The performance of the controller was evaluated for different braking scenarios using simulations in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. An eight-degree-of-freedom non-linear vehicle model was utilized. The numerical results show that the controller suboptimizes the regenerative braking effort while considering the tyre force saturation, the motor torque limits, the vehicle yaw rate and the slip angle error. A comparison with a constrained linear quadratic regulator shows the advantages of the proposed controller.
The effect of lead exposure on tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin, total and differential white blood cells count, and serum levels of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and cytokines in guinea pigs
Authors: Farkhondeh T , Boskabady MH , Jalali S , Bayrami G
Published: August 2013

The effect of exposure to inhaled lead acetate in guinea pigs was evaluated. The present study comprised of five groups of guinea pigs including control (C), sensitized to ovalbumin (OA; S) and three groups exposed to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 M inhaled lead (Pb; n = 6 for each group). Tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and OA, total and differential white blood cells (WBCs) count in lung lavage, serum levels of cytokines (interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)), histamines, and immunoglobulin E (IgE), and Pb concentration in lung were measured. Tracheal responsiveness to methacholine, OA, total and differential WBC types as well as IL-4, IFN-γ, histamine, and IgE were significantly increased but IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly decreased in sensitized animals as well as those exposed to high Pb concentrations when compared with the control group (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In addition, there was not a significant difference in most measured values between animals exposed to high Pb concentration and group S. The Pb concentration in lung tissues of animals exposed to all three Pb concentrations was significantly higher than that of group C ( p < 0.001 for all cases).These results showed that inhaled lead acetate exposure can induce lung inflammatory changes similar to sensitized animals. Therefore, exposure to environmental Pb pollution may cause asthma-like changes.
Quercetin protects rat hepatocytes from oxidative damage induced by ethanol and iron by maintaining intercellular liable iron pool
Authors: Li Y , Deng Y , Tang Y , Yu H , Gao C , Liu L , Liu L , Yao P
Published: August 2013

Accumulating evidence has shown that ethanol-induced iron overload plays a crucial role in the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease. We designed the present study to investigate the potential protective effect of quercetin, a naturally occurring iron-chelating antioxidant on alcoholic iron overload and oxidative stress. Ethanol-incubated (100 mmol/L) rat primary hepatocytes were co-treated by quercetin (100 µmol/L) and different dose of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) for 24 h. When the hepatic enzyme releases in the culture medium, redox status of hepatocytes and the intercellular labile iron pool (LIP) level were assayed. Our data showed that Fe-NTA dose dependently induced cellular leakage of aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione depletion, superoxide dismutase inactivation, and overproduction of malondialdehyde) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of intact and especially ethanol-incubated hepatocytes. The oxidative damage resulted from ethanol, Fe-NTA, and especially their combined treatment was substantially alleviated by quercetin, accompanying the corresponding normalization of intercellular LIP level. Iron in excess, thus, may aggravate ethanol hepatotoxicity through Fenton-active LIP, and quercetin attenuated ethanol-induced iron and oxidative stress. To maintain intercellular LIP contributes to the hepatoprotective effect of quercetin besides its direct ROS-quenching activity.
The clinical manifestations and survival of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Turkey: report from two centers
Authors: Pamuk ON , Akbay FG , Dönmez S , Yılmaz N , Calayır GB , Yavuz S
Published: August 2013

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with a variety of clinical features. Survival has become longer as a result of better treatment modalities and better supportive care. There is no information on survival of SLE patients in Turkey. We evaluated clinical features and survival in SLE patients in two rheumatology departments.

Methods

All SLE patients being followed up by the Department of Rheumatology, Trakya University Medical Faculty, and the Department of Rheumatology, Marmara University Medical Faculty, over the 1996–2012 period were included. Patients were diagnosed with SLE if they fulfilled at least four American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. The clinical and laboratory features, mortality data were obtained from medical charts.

Results

We had 428 SLE patients, and women (399 patients, 93.2%) far outnumbered men (29 patients, 6.8%). The mean age at the time of SLE diagnosis was 40.3 ± 12.4 years. The most frequent clinical manifestations were arthritis (76.9%) and photosensitivity (70.1%). Renal disease was present in 32.9% of patients and neurological involvement in 12.9% of patients. After a median follow-up of 60 months, 19 patients died. The most frequent causes of death were ischemic heart disease, chronic renal failure and sepsis. The rate of five-year survival was 96%; 10-year survival, 92%; and 15-year survival, 88.8%. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that serositis at the time of diagnosis, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score 6, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Data from two centers in Northwestern Turkey show that the mortality rate for SLE is similar to the rate in Western countries.
Changes in Farr radioimmunoassay and EliA fluorescence immunoassay anti-dsDNA in relation to exacerbation of SLE
Authors: Hillebrand JJG , Moens HJ Bernelot , Mulder AHL
Published: August 2013

Measuring anti-dsDNA levels could support treatment adjustment during follow-up of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated whether patients with exacerbations of SLE showed changes in anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) levels prior to the exacerbation using the Farr and EliA assay and examined which assay showed highest specificity and predictive value for exacerbations. Changes in anti-dsDNA of ≥25% prior to exacerbation were considered of clinical significance. Exacerbations were retrospectively abstracted from medical records. Eighteen of 48 patients showed one or more exacerbations. We found 22 exacerbations with complete lab work-up, all accompanied by ≥25% change in anti-dsDNA in one or both assays. Only 10 exacerbations showed concordant changes in anti-dsDNA in both assays. Changes in anti-dsDNA had a low predictive value for exacerbations of SLE, but the specificity of anti-dsDNA changes for patients with exacerbations was higher for EliA than Farr. We conclude that despite the limited relation between anti-dsDNA changes and exacerbations of SLE, anti-dsDNA testing could still support clinical decision making when used in the correct setting. We conclude that EliA is preferable over Farr for assaying anti-dsDNA during follow-up of patients with SLE because of higher specificity, less “hands-on” time and absence of radioactivity.
Individual differences in mental control predict involuntary musical imagery
Authors: Beaman C. Philip , Williams Tim I.
Published: August 2013

The experience of earworms, a type of involuntary musical imagery, may reflect a systematic failure in mental control. This study focused on how individual differences in each of two factors, schizotypy, or “openness to experience”, and thought suppression might relate to the appearance of the involuntary musical image (earworm). Schizotypy was measured by Raine’s schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ; Raine, 1991) and thought suppression was measured by the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI; Wegner & Zanakos, 1994). Each was found to contribute independently to the overall experience of involuntary musical imagery. Schizotypy was correlated with the length and disruptiveness of earworms, the difficulty with which they were dismissed and the worry they caused, but was not correlated with the frequency of such intrusive imagery. In turn, schizotypy was predicted by suppression and intrusion components of WBSI. The WBSI is associated with the length, disruptiveness, difficulty dismissing and interference but not with the worry caused or the frequency of earworms. The assumption of “ownership” of earworms was also found to affect the extent to which the earworms were considered worrying. Multiple regression analysis showed that both schizotypy and the WBSI predicted the difficulty with which unwanted musical images were dismissed, but that the WBSI accounted for additional variance on top of that accounted for by schizotypy. Finally we consider how earworm-management might relate to wider cognitive processes.
Report of wood decay fungus Inonotus tropicalis (phylum Basidiomycota) from a dog with a granulomatous mediastinal mass
Authors: Sheppard Barbara J. , McGrath Elizabeth , Giuffrida Michelle , Craft Serena L. M. , Kung Chung Yee , Smith Matthew E.
Published: August 2013

A 75.9-kg, 3.5-year-old male Irish Wolfhound dog with a 2–3-week history of gagging and eating difficulties was referred to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Hospital (Gainesville, Florida) for evaluation of a large cranial mediastinal mass suspected to be a thymoma or lymphosarcoma. The patient had 4 months of nearly 10 kg progressive weight loss with severe flank sensitivity and radiographically apparent lumbar vertebral changes interpreted as discospondylitis. Lab work revealed hyperglobulinemia, mild proteinuria, normal T4, negative Brucella canis titer, and negative blood and urine bacterial cultures. A thoracotomy revealed a nonresectable, destructive, space-occupying mediastinal mass resulting in euthanasia without surgical recovery. Biopsies from the mass were collected during surgery for histology. Microscopic examination revealed extensive granulomatous cellulitis and lymphadenitis characterized by central cavitated necrotic areas containing debris and degenerate neutrophils, intermediate zones of fibrovascular proliferation with marked mixed inflammation, peripheral fibrosis, frequent multinucleated macrophages, and scattered mineralization. The necrotic material contained dense mats of 2 µm wide by 8–15 µm long fungal hyphae with parallel walls, acute angle branching, frequent septae, and occasional bulb-like dilations. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region confirmed the presence of a fungus in the Inonotus tropicalis group. Inonotus tropicalis is primarily a wood decay fungus that is found on dead wood from angiosperms in tropical and subtropical habitats. Isolates of the I. tropicalis group have been detected a few times from immunosuppressed human beings with X-linked granulomatous disease.
Utilization and Cost of Services in the Last 6 Months of Life of Patients With Cancer - With and Without Home Hospice Care
Authors: Bentur Netta , Resnizky Shirli , Balicer Ran , Eilat-Tsanani Tsofia
Published: August 2013

This study examined the utilization and cost of all health services consumed during the last six months of life by cancer patients, and compared those with and without home-hospice care. Detailed information was extracted from the health care electronic administrative data files on 193 deceased cancer patients that their family approved the study (out of 429, 45%). About 88% had been hospitalized for 19 days on average and 53% visited the ER. One quarter received home-hospice care. Their average cost was $13,648 compared to $18,503 for patients without home-hospice care. Hospitalization contributed 32% to the total cost of patients with home-hospice care and 64% for those with it. The findings support the justification for significant expansion of home-hospice care.
“Contrasts in Tolerance” in a Single Jurisdiction
Authors: Lynch Nessa
Published: August 2013

There is considerable literature on the causes of punitiveness in late modern society. Penal tolerance and its causes are less well studied. Both studies of punitiveness and tolerance have relied on analysis of single jurisdictions across time, or comparatively across jurisdictions. New Zealand offers a perhaps unique case study of a jurisdiction that hosted a tolerant and progressive youth justice and a punitive adult justice system in the same time period. This article considers three factors that have operated differently in each system to promote punitiveness or tolerance in the two decades from 1989. These are the mode of legislative and policy development, the participation of victims of crime in the criminal process, and how legislation and policy are implemented by professional decision makers.
Organizational Influence on Scientists’ Efforts to Go Public
Authors: Marcinkowski Frank , Kohring Matthias , Fürst Silke , Friedrichsmeier Andres
Published: August 2013

This article contributes to the debate on the influence of organizational settings on scientists’ media contact. Drawing on a quantitative survey of researchers ( n = 942) from 265 German universities, the results indicate that a large proportion of scientists from all disciplines participate regularly in the dissemination of research findings. The authors provide evidence that scientists’ media efforts are influenced by how they adopt their university’s desire to be visible in the media, as well as by the university’s PR activities. The increased orientation toward news media is discussed in the light of the new governance of science within Europe.
Sunitinib-induced reversible purpuric rash in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Mutlu Hasan , Büyükçelik Abdullah , Akça Zeki , Kaya Nilgün
Published: August 2013

Sunitinib which is used in the treatment of kidney cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Although sunitinib is associated with some side effects, it is generally well tolerated. In the present case, the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor was four years ago. The patient had multiple liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. Sunitinib was initiated with a dose of 50 mg daily for four weeks and two weeks off, because of resistance of imatinib. The patient was admitted to the hospital with purpuric rash on her arms and body in the eighth week of treatment. No other disorders or drugs which may cause purpuric rash were detected in the patient. Purpuric rash disappeared two weeks after sunitinib discontinuation without any further intervention.
Examining factors that influence the effectiveness of cleaning antineoplastic drugs from drug preparation surfaces: A pilot study
Authors: Hon Chun-Yip , Chua Prescillia PS , Danyluk Quinn , Astrakianakis George
Published: August 2013

Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs has been documented to result in various adverse health effects. Despite the implementation of control measures to minimize exposure, detectable levels of drug residual are still found on hospital work surfaces. Cleaning these surfaces is considered as one means to minimize the exposure potential. However, there are no consistent guiding principles related to cleaning of contaminated surfaces resulting in hospitals to adopt varying practices. As such, this pilot study sought to evaluate current cleaning protocols and identify those factors that were most effective in reducing contamination on drug preparation surfaces. Three cleaning variables were examined: (1) type of cleaning agent (CaviCide®, Phenokil II™, bleach and chlorhexidine), (2) application method of cleaning agent (directly onto surface or indirectly onto a wipe) and (3) use of isopropyl alcohol after cleaning agent application. Known concentrations of antineoplastic drugs (either methotrexate or cyclophosphamide) were placed on a stainless steel swatch and then, systematically, each of the three cleaning variables was tested. Surface wipes were collected and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to determine the percent residual of drug remaining (with 100% being complete elimination of the drug). No one single cleaning agent proved to be effective in completely eliminating all drug contamination. The method of application had minimal effect on the amount of drug residual. In general, application of isopropyl alcohol after the use of cleaning agent further reduced the level of drug contamination although measureable levels of drug were still found in some cases.
Women who kill men: Gender, agency and subversion in Swedish crime novels
Authors: Mäntymäki Tiina
Published: August 2013

The article discusses how women murderers embedded in the victim-turned-avenger narrative function as vehicles of social criticism in three contemporary Swedish crime novels, Henning Mankell’s The Fifth Woman, Håkan Nesser’s Woman with Birthmark and Fredrik Ekelund’s Nina och sundet [Nina and the Strait]. The murderers’ performances of murder, based on parody and irony, question masculinity and its institutionalized practices. By rendering vulnerable the discourse of hegemonic masculinity, these performances prove their subversiveness and critical potential. At the same time they renew the crime fiction genre and particularly the feminist crime novel in which female agency is identical with the agency of the detective.
Effect of the strip inclination angle on the friction and wear behavior of contact strip against contact wire with electric current
Authors: Chen Guangxiong , Yang Hongjuan , Zhang Weihua , Lu Yuting , Zhang Saidan , Zhou Zhongrong
Published: August 2013

A series of tests were conducted to study the effect of the strip inclination angle on the friction and wear behavior of a contact strip rubbing against a contact wire with electric current using a ring-block-type test machine. The arc voltage and electric current were measured throughout the tests to evaluate the scaled accumulated arc energy. The variations of the wear rate of the carbon strip and the scaled accumulated arc energy with strip inclination angle were obtained. Experimental results show that the strip inclination angle has an effect on the friction and wear behavior of contact strip against contact wire with electric current, and an appropriate strip inclination angle can decrease wear of the contact strip.
Load carrying capacity and friction in starved hydrodynamically lubricated circular contacts
Authors: Ankouni M , Biboulet N , Lubrecht AA
Published: August 2013

The current work studies the evolution of the load carrying capacity and friction forces as a function of the level of starvation for spherical hydrodynamically lubricated contacts. Unfortunately, the parabolic approximation of the geometry cannot be applied, as it leads to infinite friction forces for the fully flooded case. Thus, this work uses the complete spherical geometry but this introduces an additional parameter ɛ which is the ratio between the minimum film thickness h0 and the radius R. Two viscous forces are distinguished: the Couette term associated with sliding and the Poiseuille term generated by the pressure gradient. The load and friction forces are computed numerically as a function of the geometry and the level of starvation. Finally, some simple curve fitted equations are given for load and friction as a function of the degree of starvation A and the ratio ɛ.
Relationships among factual and perceived knowledge of harms of waterpipe tobacco, perceived risk, and desire to quit among college users
Authors: Lipkus Isaac M , Eissenberg Thomas , Schwartz-Bloom Rochelle D , Prokhorov Alexander V , Levy Janet
Published: August 2013

Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in the United States among college students. Through a web-based survey, we explored associations among factual and perceived knowledge, perceived risks and worry about harm and addiction, and desire to quit among 316 college waterpipe tobacco smoking users. Overall, factual knowledge of the harm of waterpipe tobacco smoking was poor, factual and perceived knowledge was weakly correlated, both forms of knowledge were related inconsistently to perceived risks and worry, and neither form of knowledge was associated with the desire to quit. Findings provide preliminary insights as to why knowledge gaps may not predict cessation among waterpipe users.
The influence of time perspective on cervical cancer screening among Latinas in the United States
Authors: Roncancio Angelica M , Ward Kristy K , Fernandez Maria E
Published: August 2013

To develop effective interventions to increase cervical cancer screening among Latinas, we should understand the role of cultural factors, such as time perspective, in the decision to be screened. We examined the relation between present time orientation, future time orientation, and self-reported cervical cancer screening among Latinas. A group of 206 Latinas completed a survey measuring factors associated with screening. Logistic regression analyses revealed that future time orientation was significantly associated with self-reported screening. Understanding the influence of time orientation on cervical cancer screening will assist us in developing interventions that effectively target time perspective and screening.
Cancer in full-colour: Use of a graphic novel to identify distress in women with breast cancer
Authors: Lo-Fo-Wong Deborah NN , Beijaerts Anne , de Haes Hanneke CJM , Sprangers Mirjam AG
Published: August 2013

The graphic novel Cancer Vixen about breast cancer was used as an example to examine whether reading of graphic novels may enhance insight into illness experiences. Content analysis showed that the graphic novel depicts the full range of distress, by portraying practical, social, emotional, religious/spiritual and physical problems. Findings were illustrated with descriptions from the book. The results indicate that – from a content perspective – this graphic novel may be of value in medical education and health psychology settings to teach students and patients about the human side of being ill.