bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an analytical method for quantitative comparison of the e-waste management systems in Thailand, Laos, and China
Authors: Liang Li , Sharp Alice
Published: August 2016

This study employed a set of quantitative criteria to analyse the three parameters; namely policy, process, and practice; of the respective e-waste management systems adopted in Thailand, Laos, and China. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to determine the current status of the three parameters in relation to mobile phones. A total of five, three, and six variables under Policy (P1), Process (P2), and Practice (P3), respectively, were analysed and their weighted averages were calculated. The results showed that among the three countries surveyed, significant differences at p<0.01 were observed in all the P1, P2, and P3 variables, except P305 (sending e-waste to recovery centres) and P306 (treating e-waste by retailers themselves). Based on the quantitative method developed in this study, Laos’ e-waste management system received the highest scores in both P1 average (0.130) and P3 average (0.129). However, in the combined Ptotal, China scored the highest (0.141), followed by Laos (0.132) and Thailand (0.121). This method could be used to assist decision makers in performing quantitative analysis of complex issues associating with e-waste management in a country.
Adolescents’ Lived Experiences of Close Relationships in the Context of Transnational Families: A Qualitative Study From Ecuador
Authors: Jerves Elena , De Haene Lucia , Enzlin Paul , Rober Peter
Published: August 2016

Although transnational migration and its impact on families and society has received considerable attention from scholars, still little is known about its effects on the family members who stay in their home country. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore adolescents’ experiences of close relationships in the context of transnational migration. The study was based on in-depth interviews with male and female adolescents whose parents had migrated. For administration of these interviews, a tool consisting of 15 pieces of wood was developed in order to invite participants to represent family members in an expressive modality that could facilitate discussion and decrease tension provoked by parental migration. Thematic analysis showed that adolescents experienced growing up within tri-generational families whose structure and dynamics allow for a sense of stability. In these families, adolescents experience meaningful relationships that are important sources of support to cope with the delicate emotional situation inherent in transnational families. However, the present study also revealed that adolescents experience the relationship with their migrant parents as a recurrent source of distress and emotional ambivalence, leading to a potential perspective on the parent-child separation in the context of transnational migration as an experience of an ambiguous loss.
Repackaging of Intravenous Fat Emulsions
Authors: Cober M. Petrea
Published: August 2016

To accommodate small fluid volumes, repackaging of intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) is frequently performed in institutions providing parenteral nutrition to neonates and smaller pediatric patients. However, some consider this an unsafe practice. Concerns for potential administration errors leading to an overdose of IVFEs are weighed against the potential for microbial contamination from the repackaging process. The clinician providing pediatric nutrition support should tailor repackaging practices to ensure patient safety and quality. This discussion aims to describe the strengths and limitations surrounding IVFE repackaging to provide guidance regarding the practice.
Rural Location and Relative Location: Adding Community Context to the Study of Sexual Assault Survivor Time Until Presentation for Medical Care
Authors: Johnson Ingrid Diane , Hiller Matthew L.
Published: August 2016

Despite a strong empirical base linking community context and proximity to resources to individual health care access, studies examining predictors of sexual assault survivor time until presentation for medical care have not yet examined these relationships. This study addresses this gap. The data included retrospective records on a sample of 1,630 female survivors who reported their sexual assault to law enforcement and were subsequently seen by a sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) in one of eight Alaskan communities between the years 1996 and 2006. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether delays in presentation (presentation 12 hr or more after assault) differed for women presenting in unique communities (rural location), and between those whose assault and exam occurred in different communities versus occurring in the same community (relative location). Although rural location did not seem to have a unique impact on time until presentation, differing locations (i.e., relative location) of assaults and exams increased the likelihood of delays in presentation. Non-American Indian/Alaska Native race/ethnicity and knowing one’s assailant(s) also increased the likelihood of delays. These results indicate that in addition to a need for further research, there is a need for more appropriate and reliable sexual assault medical services across communities, and that survivors assaulted by known assailants should be targeted in efforts to reduce time until presentation.
Disseminating the Community Advocacy Project in Mexico: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Sullivan Cris M. , Aguilar Elizabeth , López-Zerón Gabriela , Parra-Cardona José Rubén
Published: August 2016

The Community Advocacy Project is an evidence-based practice that has been shown to lead to numerous positive changes in the lives of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors. Prior research conducted in the Midwest United States, and with primarily African American and Anglo American survivors, has shown that this short-term, community-based advocacy intervention results in increased safety and quality of life even 2 years after the intervention ends. The current study describes the process of culturally adapting and disseminating this program in Monterrey, Mexico, with a sample of low-income Mexican IPV survivors exposed to a variety of considerable contextual stressors. Interviews were conducted with advocates, advocate supervisors, and survivors to examine the acceptability and utility of the intervention. Twenty-seven IPV survivors, seven advocates, and four advocate supervisors participated in the intervention research. Advocates and their supervisors were highly laudatory, believing the intervention to be culturally relevant and effective. Encouraging changes were found for survivors as well, with positive changes over time being found on safety, quality of life, social support, and depression.
Disordered Eating Behaviors and Sexual Harassment in Italian Male and Female University Students
Authors: Romito Patrizia , Cedolin Carlotta , Bastiani Federica , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to describe sexual harassment among Italian university students and analyze the relationship between harassment and disordered eating behaviors. An observational survey was conducted among university students at Trieste University (Italy) in spring 2014. Students answered an anonymous self-administered questionnaire about sexual harassment, including three domains—sexual harassment, unwanted comments on physical appearance, cyber-harassment—and disordered eating behaviors. The global sexual harassment index was computed with three levels: Level 0, no harassment; Level 1, harassment in at least one of the three domains; and Level 2, harassment in two or three domains. Disordered eating behaviors were classified by at least one of the following: (a) eating without being able to stop or vomiting at least once or twice a month, (b) using laxatives or diuretics at least once or twice a week, (c) monitoring weight every day, and (d) dieting at least very often. The sample included 759 students (347 men and 412 women; 18-29 years old). Experiencing sexual harassment was related to eating disorder symptoms for both genders with a regular gradient: the higher the harassment score, the more frequent the disordered eating behavior symptoms, even after adjusting for age and previous sexual violence. The association was stronger for males than females. Sexual harassment and disordered eating behaviors have long been considered mainly a female problem. Men are not exempt from these problems and in some cases may be more affected than women. The topics should be assessed in men and women.
Mediating Effect of Career Decision Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Parental Support and Indecision in Taiwan
Authors: Mao Ching-Hua , Hsu Ying-Chu , Fang Tzu-Wei
Published: August 2016

This study used a hierarchical regression model to investigate the mediating effect of career decision self-efficacy on the relationship between parental support and career indecision and indecisiveness. The participants of this study were 633 university students in Taiwan. The results revealed that only accurate self-appraisal significantly mediated the relationship between parental emotional support and career indecision regarding unreliable information. The career decision self-efficacy did not mediate the relationship between parental support and career indecision and indecisiveness in most cases.
A computational study on the effect of the orifice size on the performance of a turbulent jet ignition system
Authors: Thelen Bryce C , Toulson Elisa
Published: August 2016

Fully three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic simulations with detailed combustion chemistry of a turbulent jet ignition system installed in a rapid compression machine are presented. The turbulent jet ignition system is a prechamber-initiated combustion system intended to allow lean-burn combustion in spark ignition internal-combustion engines. In the presented configuration, the turbulent jet ignition prechamber has a volume that is 2% of the volume of the main combustion chamber in the rapid compression machine and is separated from the main chamber by a nozzle containing a single orifice. Four simulations with orifice diameters of 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and 3.0 mm respectively are presented in order to demonstrate the effect of the orifice diameter on the combustion behavior of the turbulent jet ignition process. Data generated by the simulations is shown including combustion chamber pressures, temperature fields, jet velocities and mass fraction burn durations. From the combustion pressure trace, the jet velocity, and other field data, five distinct phases of the turbulent jet ignition process are identified. These phases are called the compression phase, the prechamber combustion initiation phase, the cold jet phase, the hot jet phase, and the flow reversal phase. The four simulations show that the orifice diameter of 1.5 mm provides the fastest ignition and the fastest overall combustion as reflected in the 0–10% and 10–90% mass fraction burn duration data generated. Meanwhile, the simulation for the orifice diameter of 1.0 mm produces the highest jet velocity and has the shortest delay between the spark and the exit of a jet of hot gases into the main chamber but produces a slower burn duration than the simulation for the larger orifice diameter of 1.5 mm. The simulations for orifice diameters of 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm demonstrate that the combustion speed is reduced as the orifice diameter increases above 1.5 mm. Finally, a discussion is given which examines the implications that the results generated have in regard to implementation of the turbulent jet ignition system in an internal-combustion engine.
Risk as zombie category: Ulrich Beck’s unfinished project of the ‘non-knowledge’ society
Authors: Gross Matthias
Published: August 2016

‘Non-knowledge’ is a classical sociological term introduced into sociology most prominently by Georg Simmel. Dismissing classical sociological concepts as ‘zombie categories’, Ulrich Beck turned to non-knowledge relatively late in his career. This article argues provocatively that many of Beck’s observations on issues ranging from the uninsurability of modern risks to the notion of risk itself would have greatly profited from being complemented or even substituted by a theory of not knowing. Viewed in this light, Beck’s notion of risk no longer applies to the world he describes and thus has become one of his own zombie categories. The article then takes up some of Beck’s unfinished attempts at conceptualizing the unknown and develops them further so that they might prove useful for security studies and related fields today. To illustrate this approach, the article uses examples of non-knowledge on matters ranging from potential terrorist attacks to issues of human health and security.
The paths not (yet) taken: Ulrich Beck, the ‘cosmopolitized world’ and security studies
Authors: Selchow Sabine
Published: August 2016

While it is Ulrich Beck’s concept of ‘risk society’ that has mostly attracted attention in the field of security studies, in this article I argue that if we want to take Beck seriously, we need to go beyond his ‘risk society’ thesis and acknowledge that his main thesis was that we live in a social reality that is qualitatively new and, consequently, calls for a radical shift in how we look at and talk about it. To bring Beck into security studies, then, means to study ‘security’ from within Beck’s ‘new world’. For that, I argue, a sharper conception of what characterizes that world is needed. At the heart of my article I provide such a conception – the ‘cosmopolitized world’ – which I identify as being shaped by non-linearity and the interplay of two moments: the ‘cosmopolitized reality’ and the ‘tradition of the national perspective’. Building on this concept and experimenting with it, I turn to reading the ‘US national security’ discourse as this is constructed in the text of the 2015 National Security Strategy from within this ‘cosmopolitized world’. Reflecting on this experiment, I conclude by highlighting the potential that bringing Beck in this way into security studies holds, as well as pointing to the need for future work on the vocabulary of the ‘cosmopolitized world’.
Experiences that inspire hope: Perspectives of suicidal patients
Authors: Vatne May , Nåden Dagfinn
Published: August 2016

Background:

Suffering in a suicidal crisis includes feelings such as despair, loneliness, anxiety, fear, shame, guilt and hopelessness. This study highlights the experiences of patients in the aftermath of suicide attempts. The research question was, what do suicidal patients see as meaningful help in care and treatment situations?

Methodology:

The methodology is inspired by Gadamer’s hermeneutics, where the parts are understood in light of the whole, and the whole is understood in light of the parts. Qualitative interviews were employed.

Participants and research context:

A total of 10 persons, 4 women and 6 men 21–52 years old, were informed and asked to participate by specialists in psychology at two emergency psychiatric wards and by one crisis resolution team. Nine of the participants had experienced one or more suicide attempts using drugs and alcohol. Forced hospitalization prevented one of the 10 participants from attempting suicide.

Ethical considerations:

Before the participants signed an informed consent form, the interviewer met all participants to provide the written information, talking about the interview. A meeting to terminate contact was arranged after the participants had read their own interviews.

Findings:

Three themes were generated by the methodology we applied: (1) experiencing hope through encounters, (2) experiencing hope through the atmosphere of wisdom and (3) experiencing a ray of hope from taking back responsibility.

Discussion:

The findings are discussed in the light of Eriksson’s suffering theory and Lindström’s theory about psychiatric care, as well as earlier research and theories about suicidality.

Conclusion:

The study reinforces possibilities that hope in suicidal patients can be inspired in encounters with healthcare personnel and within caring cultures. Through dialogue and cooperation, patients’ safety and ability to cope with suffering is created and thereby the hope and will to struggle for life.
Decision Tree Analysis for Selection of Factors in DEA: An Application to Banks in India
Authors: Jain Ravi Kumar , Natarajan Ramachandran , Ghosh Amlan
Published: August 2016

The body of research assessing the technical efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) with a special reference to Indian banking sector suggests that a majority of these studies have employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring technical efficiency with two-input/two-output or three-input/three-output or models with several combinations of various input and output factors. In almost all the cases, the choice of input and output factors was based on the judgement of the researchers. They lack the rigorous justification pertaining to the appropriateness of or the efficacy of such input– output factors to measure the true technical efficiency of the DMUs. This study evaluates 11 select DEA models representing the intermediary approach with various input–output factors and investigates the relationship between the computed efficiency scores and a single performance measure of DMUs by using decision tree (DT) analysis. The objective is to find a better criterion using a scientific method of input–output selection to effectively assess the true efficiency of the DMUs. The article analyzes the relative efficiency scores of 57 DMUs (representing private, public and foreign scheduled commercial banks) from 11 different variable returns to scale (VRS) DEA models with input orientation. The results indicate that 2 out of the 11 models are the most appropriate to measure relative efficiency when intermediary approach is considered to evaluate the banks. This leads to the conclusion that the management of the banks in our study should focus their efforts and resources on the input–output factors from these two models to improve efficiency and increase profitability.
Applying Indigenous Knowledge to Innovations in Social Work Education
Authors: Hertel Amy Locklear
Published: August 2016

Grounded in an indigenous holistic worldview and borrowing from the four Rs (values of relationships, responsibility, reciprocity, and redistribution), this article supports the inclusion of translational science and the integration of core metacompetencies into social work doctoral education as innovations in the field of social work science. The author argues that these innovations will enhance the ability of social–work–trained researchers to serve on transdisciplinary research teams, which are necessary to address complex metaproblems found in the natural world. Further, the author asserts that transdisciplinary scientific integration is helpful to social work science, as it builds awareness and appreciation of social work scholarly inquiry, promotes the inclusion of social work values in scientific research, and helps erode the scientific hierarchy that has traditionally existed between the natural and social sciences. By leveraging personal experiences in transdisciplinary education, the author offers a conceptual framework for innovations in doctoral education.
Training in Nonviolent Resistance for Foster Parents
Authors: Van Holen Frank , Vanderfaeillie Johan , Omer Haim , Vanschoonlandt Femke
Published: August 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate a training in non-violent resistance (NVR) for foster parents who take care of a foster child (ages 6-18) with externalizing problem behavior.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was used to compare an intervention group (NVR, n = 31) with a treatment as usual control group (TAU, n = 31). The NVR-intervention consists of ten weekly home sessions. Measures regarding behavioral problems in foster children, parenting stress and parenting practices in foster mothers, and the size of the supportive network were assessed before, after treatment, and at three months follow-up.

Results:

NVR showed to be an acceptable approach that lead to an increase in experienced support and some promising changes in parenting stress and parenting practices.

Conclusion:

Implementation of this intervention might increase the effectiveness of foster care. More longitudinal research using a Multitrait-multimethod-approach is however needed.
Maintaining Equilibrium: Socialization and Gendered Identities of Iranian Male Nurses
Authors: Azadi Arman , Valizadeh Leila , Zamanzadeh Vahid , O’Connor Tom , Negarandeh Reza , Taghinejad Hamid
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to explore the process of Iranian male nurses’ professional socialization and how they negotiate a gendered identity. A purposive sample of 22 male nurses was recruited from six public hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Study data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews. Data collection was continued until reaching data saturation. Totally, 25 interviews were conducted. Data analysis was carried out using Corbin and Strauss’s techniques for qualitative data analysis. The core category of the study, that is, the socialization process of male nurses who participated in the study, was “maintaining equilibrium.” Our participants’ strategies for socialization included informing, conforming, and self-establishing. The study findings can be used for developing effective strategies for male staff recruitment and retention.
Relationships With Individuals Facing Eating Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Buser Juleen K. , Parkins Rachael A. , Gelin Shana , Buser Trevor , Kearney Anne
Published: August 2016

Due to a dearth of qualitative research on the experience of friends, nonparental family members, and romantic dating partners of those struggling with eating disorder symptoms, we undertook a phenomenological inquiry into this issue. After interviewing 12 participants who had a friend, family member, or romantic dating partner with eating disorder symptoms, we identified four main themes: (a) compassionate emotions toward the individual with eating disorder symptoms with a subtheme of concomitant emotions of frustration and/or anger, (b) sharing the burden of concern for the struggling individual, (c) intervening with boundaries, and (d) detrimental impact of the eating disorder on the relationship with the struggling individual and the participant’s own body image and/or eating behaviors.
Tibial Sesamoid Position Influence on Functional Outcome and Satisfaction After Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Chen Jerry Yongqiang , Rikhraj Kiran , Gatot Cheryl , Lee Justine Yun Yu , Singh Rikhraj Inderjeet
Published: August 2016

Background:

During hallux valgus surgery, the abnormal position of the first metatarsal bone relative to the sesamoids is addressed. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of postoperative tibial sesamoid position (TSP) on functional outcome and patient satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery.

Methods:

Between February 2007 and November 2011, 250 patients who underwent hallux valgus surgery at our tertiary hospital were followed for 2 years after surgery. They were categorized into 2 groups based on Hardy and Clapham’s TSP classification, recorded on postoperative weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP) radiographs: (1) normal (grades I-IV) and (2) outliers (grades V-VII).

Results:

The mode TSP improved from grade VII preoperatively to grade IV postoperatively ( P < .001). The visual analog scale for pain was 1 (95% CI 0, 1) point better in the normal group compared to the outlier group at 2 years after surgery ( P = .050), whereas the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale was 6 (95% CI 2, 11) points higher in the normal group ( P = .009). Patients in the outlier group were also more likely to be dissatisfied with the surgery performed when compared to the normal group (OR 3.881, 95% CI 1.689, 8.920, P = .001).

Conclusion:

We recommend correcting the TSP to grade of IV or less to improve functional outcome and satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Comparative Study of Assisted Ambulation and Perceived Exertion With the Wheeled Knee Walker and Axillary Crutches in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kocher Benjamin K. , Chalupa Robyn L. , Lopez Donna M. , Kirk Kevin L.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Functional limitations after lower extremity surgery often require the use of an assistive device for ambulation during rehabilitation and recovery. There are no known objective data evaluating the wheeled knee walker as an assistive device for protected ambulation. The purpose of this study was to compare assisted ambulation and perceived exertion with the wheeled knee walker and the axillary crutches in healthy participants.

Methods:

A prospective, randomized crossover study was performed using 24 healthy volunteers. Each participant performed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) using each assistive device in a crossover manner. Preactivity and postactivity heart rates were recorded. The self-selected walking velocity (SSWV) was calculated and the participant’s rating of perceived exertion was recorded using the OMNI Rating of Perceived Exertion (OMNI-RPE). Participant’s preference for assistive device was identified.

Results:

The 6MWT, SSWV, and the Omni-RPE were evaluated using paired t tests and determined to be statistically significant for the wheeled knee walker compared with axillary crutches. Evaluation of the preactivity and postactivity heart rates demonstrated a statistically significant difference for the wheeled knee walker compared with axillary crutches. The wheeled knee walker was preferred by 88% of participants.

Conclusions:

The wheeled knee walker provided increased assisted ambulation and had a lower rating of perceived exertion than axillary crutches on level surfaces in healthy participants.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Nasogastric Tube Feeding for Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kells Meredith , Kelly-Weeder Susan
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: The use of nasogastric (NG) feeding in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) is endorsed by national professional organizations; however, no guidelines currently exist. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review were to identify and evaluate outcomes of NG feedings for individuals with AN and to develop recommendations for future research, policy, and practice. DESIGN: An integrative review of the research literature was conducted. RESULTS: Of the 19 studies reviewed, all indicated short-term weight gain following NG feeding. Four studies examined adherence; nearly 30% of subjects were nonadherent as evidenced by tube manipulation. Seven studies reported psychiatric outcomes, suggesting NG feeding reduces eating disorder behaviors but not overall symptomology. CONCLUSIONS: NG feeding promotes short-term weight gain; however, long-term outcomes are poorly understood. Future research, using rigorous methods, is still needed to inform practice.
Information Management in New Motherhood
Authors: Barkin Jennifer L. , Jani Smit
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Women are faced with the task of gathering information and making subsequent decisions for themselves and their families as they are often the primary caregivers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate prominent themes related to information management and Internet usage in new motherhood. While the advantages to online support have been explored, triggered anxiety has not been a focus of the literature. DESIGN: A focus group study of 31 adult, postpartum women was held at a large, urban medical center in the Northeastern United States. Data related to information management were extracted and analyzed thematically. RESULTS: Women reported experiencing (a) a forcible, internal drive for information related to family health and (b) a high level of anxiety surrounding health-related Internet searches. CONCLUSIONS: Health care providers must be aware that women will consult the Internet for information and that at least a portion of those individuals will experience anxiety as a result.
Using Liberating Structures to Increase Engagement in Identifying Priorities for the APNA Research Council
Authors: Mahoney Jane S. , Lewin Linda , Beeber Linda , Willis Danny G.
Published: August 2016

Background: In 2015, the Co-Chairs and Steering Committee of the Research Council members recognized the need to reevaluate the council’s priorities. Objective: To determine the top priorities for the Research Council. Design: Use of liberating structures: Impromptu Speed Networking, 1-2-4-all, and Crowd Sourcing. Results: Identified Research Council priorities included the following: efforts to increase psychiatric mental health (PMH) research funding; serve as a connector to bring researchers together; foster research through state chapters; increase collaboration between PhDs and DNPs; and develop models for organizational support for PMH staff nurse involvement in research. Conclusions: The liberating structures used are valuable strategies for engaging groups of people to identify what matters most to the group. Through the use of these novel techniques, the American Psychiatric Nurses Association Research Council has identified priorities for the work of the council. This has led to actions planned for the coming future with the intent to move PMH nursing research forward.
Impact resistance of Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures with thin fibre reinforced polymer facesheets
Authors: Liu Longquan , Feng Han , Tang Huaqing , Guan Zhongwei
Published: August 2016

In order to investigate the impact resistance of the Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures skinned with thin fibre reinforced woven fabric composites, both drop-weight experimental work and meso-mechanical finite element modelling were conducted and the corresponding output was compared. Drop-weight impact tests with different impact parameters, including impact energy, impactor mass and facesheets, were carried out on Nomex honeycomb-cored sandwich structures. It was found that the impact resistance and the penetration depth of the Nomex honeycomb sandwich structures were significantly influenced by the impact energy. However, for impact energies that cause full perforation, the impact resistance is characterized with almost the same initial stiffness and peak force. The impactor mass has little influence on the impact response and the perforation force is primarily dependent on the thickness of the facesheet, which generally varies linearly with it. In the numerical simulation, a comprehensive finite element model was developed which considers all the constituent materials of the Nomex honeycomb, i.e. aramid paper, phenolic resin, and the micro-structure of the honeycomb wall. The model was validated against the corresponding experimental results and then further applied to study the effects of various impact angles on the response of the honeycomb. It was found that both the impact resistance and the perforation depth are significantly influenced by the impact angle. The former increases with the obliquity, while the latter decreases with it. The orientation of the Nomex core has little effect on the impact response, while the angle between the impact direction and the fibre direction of the facesheets has a great influence on the impact response.
Allergic Reaction to Polyether Ether Ketone Following Cross-Reactivity to Epoxy Resin
Authors: Kofler Lukas , Wambacher Markus , Schweinzer Katrin , Scherl Maritta , Kofler Heinz
Published: August 2016

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a thermoplastic polymer frequently used in engineering but also in medical devices. Only 1 case of allergic reaction to PEEK used as an implanted medical device has been reported so far; however, the route of sensitization remained unclear. Here we report on a 62-year-old male patient with a preknown, severe type IV allergy to epoxy resin. He reported strong pain in his shoulder after implantation of a PEEK-containing device after a rotator cuff injury. For testing, the device was implanted in a small pouch subcutaneously on the abdomen. The patient reported massive pain starting 8 hours after the implantation, strictly limited to the procedural area and showing perifocal erythema. A possible explanation of the sensitization mode is the source material for PEEK and epoxy resin, as both are mainly based on bisphenols. An allergic reaction to PEEK with preknown epoxy resin sensitization has not been reported so far. As epoxy resins are a frequent cause of occupational contact dermatitis and PEEK is widely used for medical and nonmedical devices, we believe that this is of great clinical relevance.
Reflexivity versus rigor
Authors: Czarniawska Barbara
Published: August 2016

Although both rigor and reflexivity are counted among scientific virtues, following these virtues in practice—whether the practice of management or the practice of research—is more complex than it might seem. In what follows, I discuss some of those complexities.
Human resource management impacts on labour productivity in tourism
Authors: Li X. Penny , Joppe Marion , Meis Scott M.
Published: August 2016

This article presents the first multivariate analysis of the Human Resource Module (HRM) of the Canadian Tourism Satellite Account. Annual labour productivity is calculated for six tourism industries using the National Tourism Indicators and the HRM. The impact of various labour force characteristics on labour productivity is measured through the estimation of an econometric model. Labour productivity is found to increase with the capital labour ratio, the proportion of part-time hours, the share of hours supplied by women, the proportion of immigrant workers and the proportion of the most experienced workers.
‘Uurga shig’ – What is it like to be a lasso? Drawing figure–ground reversals between art and anthropology
Authors: Spriggs Hermione
Published: August 2016

How might a singular object, a herdsman’s lasso known as the ‘ uurga’, facilitate a fresh understanding of cosmology and human–animal relationships in nomadic Mongolia? ‘ Uurga shig’ re-evaluates the performance of an object as an agentive social participant and the role of drawing as an anthropologically relevant method, outlining the need for interdisciplinary exchange between the fields of participatory art and anthropology. With a starting point of Alfred Gell’s thesis of ‘Traps as artworks and artworks as traps’ (1996), the lasso presents an alternative point of view to the western ‘zoological framing’ criticized by Massumi (‘What animals teach us about politics’, 2014). Instead the uurga functions as a non-Euclidean drawing tool, a frame through which to better understand the fluid relationships underpinning human–animal codependency on the Mongolian steppe.

From the line on a page to the ‘drawing through’ of a thread in a needle and the ‘drawing in’ of a wild horse in nomadic Mongolia, the author explores the application of drawing as an intimate method for analyzing moving relationships. With a focus on the drawn line as a connecting device that lends itself to figure–ground reversal, she extends the application of drawing as a prosthetic technology, one that might be used to catalyze a perspectival shift into the worlds of other animals.
Old things with character: The fetishization of objects in Margate, UK
Authors: Balthazar Ana Carolina
Published: August 2016

This article explores the work of fetish in practices of consumption at a charity shop in contemporary Margate (UK). Here fetish relates to a specific semiotic ideology (described by Keane in Christian Moderns: Freedom and Fetish in the Mission Encounter, 2007) that acknowledges the personality and history of objects. More specifically, fetish appears as the material property of old objects ‘with character’ to combine different remnants of the past and allow for or resist multiple meanings and stories. To argue that objects are fetishized in Margate is to say that in this English town we encounter a semiotic ideology that challenges the ‘moral narrative of modernity’ that claims individual freedom and agency.
Combined experimental and flexible multi-body dynamic investigation of high-energy impact-induced driveline vibration
Authors: Turnbull R , Miknas OR , Mohammadpour M , Rahnejat H
Published: August 2016

Lightly damped non-linear dynamic driveline components are subjected to excitation with rapid application of clutch and/or throttle. Modern thin-walled driveshaft tubes respond with a plethora of structural-acoustic modes under such impulsive conditions, which are onomatopoeically referred to as clonk in the vehicle industry. The underlying mechanisms for the occurrence of this phenomenon are investigated, using combined experimentation and flexible multi-body dynamics under impulsive impact conditions. The coincidence of high-frequency structural modes, coupled with acoustic response is highlighted for the broad-band spectral response of the hollow driveshaft tubes. The cyclic relationship of clonk with the shuffle response of the driveline system is also established for transient decay of the clonk phenomenon. In particular, the multi-body model is used to ascertain the effect of vehicle laden state on the propensity of driveline clonk, an approach not hitherto reported in literature.
Investigation on contact angle of ball bearings
Authors: Wang Fengtao , Jing Minqing , Fan Hongwei , Wei Yaobing , Zhao Yang , Liu Heng
Published: August 2016

As an important structure parameter, contact angle is also a judgement factor for the working performance of ball bearings. However, under some conditions, the ball may roll over the raceway shoulder, and contact angle is not enough for estimating this phenomenon. Thus, edge angle and edge distance are proposed as compensatory judgement factors in the current study. A six-degree dynamic model with time-varying contact stiffness was developed for investigating effects of initial contact angle, raceway groove curvature factors, number of balls, axial load, shaft speed, friction coefficient and raceway misalignment on contact angle, contact stiffness, edge angle and edge distance. Inapposite initial contact angle may make the ball roller over the raceway shoulder, inner raceway misalignment have significant influences on the stable motion of ball bearings, and more harmonics frequencies about contact angle appear. Comparison of contact angle from presented model with Jones–Harris model under axial load shows reasonable qualitative agreement.
Sensitivity analysis on dynamic response of railway vehicle and ride index over curved bridges
Authors: Zakeri Jabar A , Feizi Mohammad M , Shadfar Morad , Naeimi Meysam
Published: August 2016

When a train passes over bridges, the magnitude of forces and accelerations is altered due to sudden changes in the track stiffness. These forces can change with the variation in operational parameters and are effective particularly in high-speed passenger trains, when studying ride index parameter. In addition, by increasing the speed, old bridge structures could fall into resonance, which has harmful consequences for both bridge and ride comfort index. Moreover, to harmonize the old bridges with the new operational conditions dynamic behavior of the vehicle and ride comfort need to be taken into account. In this paper, coupled vertical and roll vibration of a horizontally curved bridge are considered. During pass over the bridge, acceleration and ride comfort of a passenger vehicle are studied. The eccentric vertical and lateral forces are the major excitation sources in the analysis, an issue that is rarely noticed in the literature. A multi-body model of a normal wagon is built in three dimensions, passing over a horizontally curved bridge. The governing equations of the vehicle–bridge system are written, taking into account the wheel–rail interactions. The major variables are the cant, train speed, track quality, and radius of curvature. The paper studies the effects of the prescribed variables on ride comfort. The results show that track quality and cant have considerable influences on ride comfort index. The ride comfort is improved when the speed is approached to a so-called equivalent speed.
Deciphering signs: An empirical apprenticeship
Authors: Aroles Jeremy , McLean Christine
Published: August 2016

The aim of the article is to explore how an apprenticeship through signs can inform ethnographic inquiries. Upon engaging with signs, one can develop new empirical sensibilities that could allow for the appreciation of the flows, forces and intensities encountered during such research processes. In particular, it enables us to attend to those aspects of research that we may struggle to capture or illuminate. We suggest naming such endeavour nomadography in order to emphasize the move away from anthropocentric accounts and to reflect the iterative, polymorphic and experiential nature of this approach. We also draw on a brief extract from some fieldwork in Fiji that focused on the ‘discovery’ of a new plant species. In particular, we wish to explore how a nomadographic approach provides a way of rejuvenating our thinking conceptually, empirically and methodologically by rethinking these three interconnecting and overlapping aspects of the research process.
Graph mapping: Multi-scale community visualization of massive graph data
Authors: Jonker David , Langevin Scott , Giesbrecht David , Crouch Michael , Kronenfeld Nathan
Published: August 2016

Graph visualizations increase the perception of entity relationships in a network. However, as graph size and density increases, readability rapidly diminishes. In this article, we present an end-to-end, tile-based visual analytic approach called graph mapping that utilizes cluster computing to turn large-scale graph (node–link) data into interactive visualizations in modern web browsers. Our approach is designed for end-user analysis of community structure and relationships at macro- and micro scales. We also present the results of several experiments using alternate methods for qualitatively improving comprehensibility of hierarchical community detection visualizations by proposing constraints to state-of-the-art modularity maximization algorithms.
Bureaucratic respectful equality
Authors: Nathan Christopher
Published: August 2016

Ian Carter has recently argued in a series of articles that a certain form of respect, called ‘opacity respect’, gives a moral grounding to people’s equality. This type of respect involves abstaining from making or acting on judgements about others. Aside from arguing for its justificatory role, Carter also argues that, in this role, it has a series of implications for our thinking about liberal politics. I argue, first, that the theoretical implications of the view that opacity respect grounds equality are narrower than they first appear. This is because, in order to put the view into action, one must make a certain kind of empirical claim. Second, I show that this point reveals an important structural aspect of Carter’s view, concerning the way that principles can be limited in practice. Third, I argue that the practical implications of the view are potentially much broader than they first appear, threatening absurdity. This is because the position’s repercussions naturally extend into day-to-day transactions.
A Kantian argument against world poverty
Authors: Reglitz Merten
Published: August 2016

Immanuel Kant is recognised as one of the first philosophers who wrote systematically about global justice and world peace. In the current debate on global justice, he is mostly appealed to by critics of extensive duties of global justice. However, I show in this paper that an analysis of Kant's late work on rights and justice provides ample resources for disagreeing with those who take Kant to call for only modest changes in global politics. Kant's comments in the Doctrine of Right clarify that he thinks we need a coercively enforced global civil condition. But his work also contains ideas that imply that within such a global legal order there must be no extreme forms of poverty and inequality, and that the current holdings of states are by no means conclusive possessions without confirmation by the global legal order we have a duty to establish. Thus, this paper challenges the prevailing interpretation of Kant as a conservative thinker about global justice that is held, for instance, by the leading contemporary liberal thinkers such as John Rawls, Thomas Nagel, and Ronald Dworkin.
The Effect of Victim Resistance on Rape Completion: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wong Jennifer S. , Balemba Samantha
Published: August 2016

When confronted with a sexual attacker, women are often extremely concerned with avoiding rape completion. While narrative reviews typically suggest that the victim resistance is linked to rape avoidance, much of the existing literature relies on overlapping samples from the National Crime Victimization Survey. The current meta-analysis examines whether victim resistance is related to a greater likelihood of avoiding rape completion. Results from a systematic literature search across 25 databases supplemented by a search of the gray literature resulted in 4,581 hits of which seven studies met eligibility criteria for the review. Findings suggest that women who resist their attacker are significantly more likely than nonresisters to avoid rape completion. This finding held across analyses for physical resistance, verbal resistance, or resistance of any kind. Limitations of the analysis and policy implications are discussed, with particular focus on other research findings that resistance may be linked to greater victim injury.
Development of a Barbershop-Based HIV/STI Risk Reduction Intervention for Young Heterosexual African American Men
Authors: Jemmott Loretta Sweet , Jemmott John B. , Lanier Yzette , Thompson Ciarra , Baker Jillian Lucas
Published: August 2016

Young, heterosexual African American men ages 18 to 24 years continue to be at high risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. However, few interventions have been designed to meet the needs of this “forgotten” population. The article describes the systematic development of a theory-based, culturally-tailored, gender-specific, barbershop-based HIV risk reduction intervention for heterosexual African American men ages 18 to 24. The process included developing a community advisory board, selecting a guiding theoretical framework, incorporating community-based participatory research principles, and conducting formative research with African American males, barbers, and barbershop owners. The result was Shape Up: Barbers Building Better Brothers, a 2-day, HIV risk reduction intervention focused on increasing HIV knowledge and condom use and reducing the number of sexual partners. Intervention sessions were facilitated by barbers who used iPads to deliver the content. As a high-risk population, this intervention has great public health significance for the health of African American men and their sexual partners.