bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The "Veil" Surrounding Alexander Henry, the Elder's Mixed-Blood Sons
Authors: Scott Anatol L
Published: November 2016

Fur traders have played an inordinately important role in western Canadian history; their records and their published journals are the bedrock of our historiography. Paradoxically, we know little about the private lives of many of these traders. By assembling a readily available and conflicting body of knowledge on Alexander Henry, the Elder, and by linking it to other scattered bits of information, this paper presents a profile of Henry and his family that differs considerably from the traditionally accepted view.
Operation “Lifesaver”: Canadian Atomic Culture and Cold War Civil Defence
Authors: Reilly Frances
Published: November 2016

On September 28th 1955, the city of Calgary executed one of the only major civil defence evacuation operations in Canadian history. The exercise, Operation “Lifesaver,” was a product of careful planning over a series of months but failed to attract the interest of most Calgary citizens. The operation exhibited both the Canadian government’s concern for civil defence during the 1950s and the desire for civic pride in a decade that favoured a homogenous and functional society. Operation “Lifesaver” was not an accurate representation of a nuclear attack; instead it was a controlled exercise devised to calm the fears of civilians in the face of possible war. Despite the rich primary sources available, Canada’s civil defence experiences during the Cold War remain an allusive topic in Canadian historiography. Operation “Lifesaver” holds a prominent position in Alberta history in an era that defined much of Canada’s nationality and society. This article is the third chapter of my History MA thesis which examines the place of Atomic Culture in Canadian history and the Canadian Cold War experience.
Party-Komsomol Relations in the Soviet Military, 1918-1924
Authors: Juricic Andrew
Published: November 2016

During the Russian Civil War many Communist Youth League (Komsomol) military recruits loyally supported the Bolshevik Party on the civilian and military fronts. With the cessation of hostilities the Komsomol attempted to consolidate control over its members in the armed forces by creating Komsomol military cells. Party leaders, believing that Komsomol recruits were politically unreliable, denied all Komsomol requests for autonomy and forced League members to subordinate themselves to military Party organs and to undergo intensive political indoctrination. The Party hoped that these measures would raise the political qualifications of Komsomol recruits. As the number of Komsomol members in military units grew, the strict subordination of Komsomol members proved untenable. The Party therefore created Komsomol "groups assisting the Party" in 1924. Their establishment effectively purged the Party of politically immature Komsomol members and reorganized the Parry's military control apparatus.
Prometheus Unbound: The Technology of Bodybuilding in the Nervous Age
Authors: Turse Nicholas
Published: November 2016

By emphasizing bodybuilding as the technology of physique transformation, this article sets out to explore the social meaning of bodybuilding as a response to the crisis of masculinity that occurred during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Intimately entangled with issues of class, gender, religion, medicine and consumer culture, the history of bodybuilding and the contemporaneous development of a hyper-muscular aesthetic offers a fascinating window through which to view and examine the construction of masculinity.
Perestroika and Persons with a Physical Disability
Authors: Atkins Sean
Published: November 2016

Perestroika brought important changes to the place in Soviet society of persons with a physical disability. The administrative and bureaucratic changes of (he Soviet government, including those affecting social security benefits, and the increased involvement of persons with a disability in governmental and nongovernmental organizations were vital to the changes. The establishment of the All-Russia Society for the Disabled in 1988 reflected the growth of private and public charity. The media began encouraging public response, leading to the growth of local and community relief organizations. The media also provided a forum in which persons with a physical disability could be heard. The period between 1988 and 1991. however, revealed how enormous the task of social rehabilitation would be. Although the Soviet government acknowledged the rights and needs of persons with a physical disability it did not and could not provide enough money to deal effectively with these needs.
The Enduring Marginalization of Women’s Studies in Academia: A Case Study of Simon Fraser University, 1968-2008
Authors: Smith Julia
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the formation of the Women’s Studies Department at Simon Fraser University. While the struggle to establish this, the first credit Women’s Studies program in Canada, was a significant part of the second wave women’s movement and a crucial step towards achieving the broader goal of reinserting women back into academic discourse, in many disciplines the study of women continues to remain peripheral to “traditional” areas of inquiry. This paper will argue that although the establishment of the Women’s Studies department was a monumental achievement for women at the time and has undoubtedly greatly improved the status of women’s voices within academic research, it is not enough. What is required now is the incorporation of these voices into the mainstream disciplines; the ideal being an academic world that fully reflects the pluralistic society in which we live.
The Evolution of the Roman Calendar
Authors: Meisner Dwayne
Published: November 2016

The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1.
The Anglo-German Alliance Talks and the Failure of Amateur Diplomacy
Authors: Lajeunesse Adam
Published: November 2016

In 1914 Great Britain and the German Empire were implacable enemies, embroiled in the greatest war the world had ever known. However, little more than a decade previously relations between these two great powers were far different. From 1898-1903 the two states were engaged in extensive negotiations meant to cement their friendship with an Anglo-German alliance. The ultimate failure of these talks was largely the result of amateur diplomacy. It was the failure of men like Joseph Chamberlain and Hermann von Eckardstein who, through their impetuous and occasionally

dishonest dealings, prevented the honest and constructive discourse which could have led the negotiations to a successful conclusion.
Meanings of Motherhood: Maternal Experiences and Perceptions on Low Country South Carolina Plantations
Authors: Rogers Healey Robynne
Published: November 2016

This paper is a comparative study of the meanings of motherhood for black and white women in the antebellum South. Even the prescriptive literature concerning motherhood penned by women during the first half of the nineteenth century largely ignored the health-related aspects of motherhood. Records of the experience of white plantation mistresses and female plantation slaves in antebellum, low country South Carolina, however, reveal that concerns with health, both mortality and morbidity, dominated the maternal experience of these women. Furthermore, in this particular geographic location, motherhood itself was centred more in the extended family than in the nuclear family.
Divorce in Classical Athenian Society: Law, Practice and Power
Authors: Norena Carlos F
Published: November 2016

The practice of divorce in classical Athens sheds light on relationships which are fundamental to our understanding of Athenian society: between husband and wife, between separate households, and between household and state. The power which informs these relationships, as illuminated by divorce, can be measured not only in juridical terms, but in social and economic terms as well. The main primary sources for the study of divorce in classical Athens are the forensic speeches of the Attic orators. These speeches show that whereas it was easy, legally, to obtain a divorce, it was often complicated in actual practice. Divorce, in fact, was often avoided—even when the state intervened to mandate the dissolution of a marriage—and I argue that the practice of divorce, as opposed to the laws governing it, reveals an unexpected balance of power between the constituents to an Athenian marriage.
The Alberta Eugenics Movement and the 1937 Amendment to the Sexual Sterilization Act
Authors: Dack W Mikkel
Published: November 2016

The scholarly study of eugenics legislation in Alberta has been seriously limited as research has focused on the province’s original Sterilization Act, passed in March 1928, and on the political, social, and economic conditions of the 1920s. Although the 1928 Act was of great significance, being the first sterilization law passed in Canada, it was its 1937 amendment and the permitting of involuntary sterilizations that made the Alberta eugenics movement truly distinct. During the late 1930s, a time when the great majority of regional governments were either decommissioning or disregarding their sterilization laws due to a lack of funding, the discrediting of scientific racism and an increase in public protest, Alberta expanded its own legislation. Although similar laws were met with fierce opposition in other provinces and in the United States, this new amendment of 1937 remained largely unopposed in Alberta.

As a result of such narrowly focused research, the explanations for why the Act was amended and why resistance to non-consensual sterilization remained minimal during the 1930s have been based almost entirely on political and social assumptions and not on sound evidence; explanations have proven to be exaggerated, inaccurate, and misleading. By dismissing the preconceived notions and arguments of the past we are left with a new grounding from which to build future propositions and with a new set of sharpened questions to help determine why the Alberta government, and presumably its people, were willing to support such regressive legislation when it was being ignored and rejected elsewhere. By doing so new theories arise, such as the influential role of individual personalities within the provincial government and the Alberta medical community, the definition and diagnosis of “mental deficiency” in Canada, and the means by which political resistance could be expressed.
A Conceptual History of Civil Society: From Greek Beginnings to the End of Marx
Authors: DeWiel Boris
Published: November 2016

The idea of civil society has undergone a renaissance in recent years, but missing from this literature is an explanation for its historical transformation in meaning. Originally civil society was synonymous with political society, but the common modem meaning emphasizes autonomy from the state. This paper traces this historical transformation within the context of the history of ideas, and suggests that the critical event was an eighteenth-century reaction against the rationalistic universalism associated with the French Enlightenment. The continued significance of the question of universalism is suggested by the fact that universalistic Marxist Leninist theories provided the ideological underpinnings for the destruction of civil society in Eastern European nations. The paper concludes that three elements are essential to the modern understanding of civil society: its autonomy from the state, its interdependence with the state, and the pluralism of values, ideals and ways of life embodied in its institutions.
Concubinage in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Literature: A Historical Study of Xing-shi yin-yuan zhuan
Authors: Zhao Yifeng
Published: November 2016

This study explores the subtle patterns, variety, and changes in Chinese concubinage during the seventeenth century by focusing on cases described in Xing-shiyin-yuan zhuan, a seventeenth-century Chinese novel, and other literary and historical sources. It argues that the various social practices of concubinage in late Ming China diverged from government regulations. Chinese concubinage underwent remarkable changes by the seventeenth century in comparison with earlier periods. Even as concubinage was widely accepted, certain Confucian intellectuals of this period criticized the institution.
The Twilight of the Colombian Paramilitary
Authors: Holroyd Ryan
Published: November 2016

The following article discusses the development of Colombia’s paramilitary army, the Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC), beginning in the 1990s and ending with the destruction of the organisation in the late 2000s. The AUC was originally founded by three brothers surnamed Castaño as a private army designed to combat the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) and other Columbian revolutionary guerrilla groups. The main argument put forward in the article is that when the AUC was initially founded, the primary goal of its leaders, the Castaño brothers, was a sincere desire to check and, if possible, destroy the power of the FARC. In the process of its development however, the AUC came to depend on the taxation of cocaine to fund its war against the guerrillas. When the Colombian state, which had been too weak to prevent the development of either the AUC or the FARC in the 1990s, strengthened its military power in the 2000s, it demanded the AUC cease its operations, demobilise its military forces, and aid the state in destroying the cocaine industry’s infrastructure in southern Colombia. The Castaño brother who had become the organisation’s sole leader, Carlos, was willing to comply, but his move to end the AUC’s association with the cocaine industry invoked the wrath of his subordinate commanders, resulting in his brutal murder. This event revealed that the AUC had gradually developed into a cocaine cartel in the guise of a paramilitary army despite the intentions of its leader, who was killed because his leadership became a threat to the profitable taxation of cocaine that his former subordinate commanders enjoyed.
Disappearance: How Shifting Gendered Boundaries Motivated the Removal of Eighteenth Century Boxing Champion Elizabeth Wilkinson from Historical Memory
Authors: Thrasher Christopher
Published: November 2016

In the eighteenth century, one fighter’s reputation outshone all others. She was Elizabeth Wilkinson, a bare-knuckled, trash talking, knife wielding, European boxing champion. Both throughout her life and a century and a half thereafter, writers heaped praise at her feet. She provided a point of imperial pride for authors that pointed to her as proof that the British of both genders were strong and brave. This began to change at the end of the nineteenth century. As the British Empire seemed in danger of collapse and the American economy shifted unpredictably, men on both sides of the Atlantic basin began to redefine their masculinity. They embraced a new form of passionate manhood that judged men as lovers, athletes, and for their ability to give and withstand pain in the boxing ring. Boxing, which had long been British regardless of gender, now became male, regardless of nationality. Men built a mythical past for boxing that ignored Wilkinson and crowned one of her contemporaries, James Figg, the sport's first champion.
Dreaming of a Better World: Student Rebellion in 1960s Regina
Authors: Lexier Roberta
Published: November 2016

The late 1960s and early 1970s was a time of widespread social upheaval; universities around the world witnessed an explosion with activism and demands for a better world. The University of Saskatchewan, Regina Campus was founded during these turbulent years and thus developed a strong culture of student radicalism. This paper examines the two major events that shook the university during this period. The first, the so-called Carillon Crisis, was an attempt by the University Board of Governors to censor the Regina Campus student newspaper, The Carillon. The second, the occupation of the offices of the Dean of Arts and Science and the Dean of Graduate Studies and Research was an attempt by students to formalize student representation within the university community. Demanding that the university and surrounding society live up to the ideals of democracy they proclaimed, these protests left a lasting impression not only on the development of the university, but on the students themselves.
A Reevaluation of the Impact of the Hundred Years War On The Rural Economy and Society of England
Authors: Wuetherick Brad
Published: November 2016

Most scholars have argued that the Hundred Years War negatively impacted the economy and society of England. They have focused primarily on four aspects of the war: the burden of taxation on the English populace, the effects of purveyance on rural society, the effect of recruitment on the labour force of England and the costs of supporting military expeditions. However, in each case the actual degree of impact can be called into question or offset by appealing to other scholarship, or by drawing attention to related positive benefits that are too often overlooked. Beyond this, one must also consider the benefits of war in the form of new industry and the influx of money from high wages, rewards, ransoms, and the spoils of war.

This paper seeks to examine both the positive and negative impacts of the Hundred Years War on the rural society and economy of England and to demonstrate that the overall impact of the war was not as negative as the majority of historians have previously maintained.
Hunting in Seneca’s Phaedra
Authors: Mocanu Alin
Published: November 2016

Seneca, in his tragedy Phaedra, created an elegiac character using, among other elegiac conventions, the amorous hunting. His Phaedra turns into an aggressive erotic predator who wants to “hunt” Hippolytus whom she is in love with. The prologue of Phaedra connects the play with elegiac poetry through the extensive use of venery description, because it highlights Hippolytus’ attitude to love: the young man sees the forest as a place of reclusive solitude where he can hide from frenetic passion. The prologue to Phaedra is also important from a spatial point of view, for Seneca associates his two main characters with a fundamental difference in locale that recalls the roman elegiac paraclausithyron, where the lover tries, without success, to penetrate into his beloved’s intimate space, the house. Furthermore, Seneca reverses the relationship between the lovers: Hippolytus becomes the beloved, Phaedra, the lover, thus inverting the gender roles of normal erotic elegy. At the same time, he amplifies this convention, making it the main theme of his tragedy, for Phaedra has a fundamental impact on the play’s action through her desperate attempts to conquer her stepson. Roman love elegy often associates the lover, the feeble man, with the hunter, while representing the beloved, the dominant woman, as his prey. Seneca goes further, because Hippolytus, the true hunter, becomes the erotic prey, while the female character takes on the role of the erotic predator. In this way, Seneca justifies the reversal of the male and the female characters’ roles in his use of the elegiac theme of hunting.
"We Cannot Shoo These Men to Another Place": The On to Ottawa Trek in Toronto and Ottawa
Authors: Hewitt Steven R
Published: November 2016

This year is the sixtieth anniversary of the On to Ottawa Trek. The original Trek started in Vancouver as over a thousand unemployed men attempted to reach Ottawa by rail to express their discontent with the policies of the Bennett government. Their journey ended in Regina when a police-provoked riot led to their dispersal. Major works on the subject have not recognized that parallel treks occurred in Manitoba and Ontario from June to August 1935. "We Cannot Shoo These Men to Another Place" explores trek events in Toronto and Ottawa and discovers that while the trek itself was a failure, it did reveal the anti-Communist paranoia of both the political right and left and the Canadian state.
Settlement and Land Tenure in the Peace Country: A Study of Township 83-25-W5
Authors: Irwin Robert
Published: November 2016

In recent years, historians such as Lyle Dick and Paul Voisey have begun to explore western Canadian settlement and land tenure patterns. Their studies demonstrate that an analysis of land ownership and utilisation is an important first step towards a historical understanding of western Canadian agricultural society. This paper examines settlement and land tenure in one township in the Peace River country. Special problems of settlement in the Peace country, including the homestead system, timing, the Soldier Settlement Board, marginal lands, and distance from market, led to the early maturation of the community. Combined with the post First World War depression, these problems caused an early rationalisation of the population in the township leading to long term stability. This study provides another example of the varied agricultural experience in the west.
Civil Society and Biopolitics in Contemporary Russia: The Case of Russian “Daddy-Schools”
Authors: Åberg Pelle
Published: November 2016

This article deals with civil society organizations active in the field of family policy and demographic issues in contemporary Russia. This article uses Michel Foucault’s concepts of biopolitics and governmentality and later developments discussing technologies of citizenship. More specifically, using interviews, documents, and participant observations, so-called “daddy-schools” that have emerged in and around Saint Petersburg since 2008, are studied as a mode of governmentality. The analysis shows how the civic initiative studied attempted to empower fathers and how it has altered demographic discourses while approaching similar societal goals as the state does in its biopolitical strategies. Thus, the daddy-schools provide a complementary discourse concerning fatherhood while approaching the same perceived demographic crisis that the Russian state is challenged by.
Decapitating Power
Authors: McWhorter Ladelle
Published: November 2016

In “Society Must Be Defended” Foucault examines 17th century race war discourse not so much in order to understand 20th century racism or concepts of race but primarily because it constitutes an historical example of an attempt to think power without a head or king. This essay examines his account of race war discourse and the sources he used to construct it. It then takes issue with his claim that early race war discourse can be separated from 18th and 19th century racisms. Finally, it returns to the question of power and argues that the effect of the 1976 lecture series was to dislodge the sovereign model of power but also the model of power as war.
Foucault Among the Classicists, Again
Authors: Boyle Brendan
Published: November 2016

Foucault’s posthumously-published late work on epimeleia heautou might inaugurate a new partnership between classicists and Foucault. This work, however, has been misconstrued in recent classical scholarship, an important instance of which I consider here. I remedy the errors of one of Foucault’s classical interpreters; diagnose the reasons for the errors; and briefly suggest the transformative potential of Foucault’s work for students of antiquity.
Empire and the Dispositif of Queerness
Authors: Nichols Robert
Published: November 2016

Thinkers heavily indebted to Foucault—such as Wendy Brown, Judith Butler, Jodi Melamed and Jasbir Puar—are at the fore of a contemporary interrogation of queerness and racialized empire. This paper critically surveys this terrain, differentiates several strands of it, and attempts a theoretical reframing such that we may be better equipped to gain new vantage on the central problematic. I argue that the current conviviality of queerness and empire is best understood not only through a univocal ‘homonationist’ lens, but also requires situating in the context of multiple languages of civilizational superiority and liberal tolerance. In particular, it requires the deployment of arguments about the ‘benchmark of civilization,’ in which whole societies are ranked along a unilinear trajectory of development according to standards set by the most powerful among them. One relatively recent addition to the criteria of civilizational adjudication is the capacity of societies to ‘tolerate’ new forms of societal difference. In this case, I argue, the most important of these are the strange pairing of sexual and religious dispositifs.
Neosocial Market Economy
Authors: Vogelmann Frieder
Published: November 2016

Although the governmentality literature has occasionally acknowledged the importance of the concept of a liberal truth-regime, there has never been a thorough investigation of the role it plays in Foucault’s governmentality lectures. Therefore, this paper begins with an examination of the lectures’ “archaeological dimension” that leads to two claims: First, it shows that the crucial conceptual tool in the lectures is the question about the relation to truth that a particular political rationality possesses. Only by looking at the changing truth-regimes of the liberal governmentalities will their differences and continuities come into full contrast. The article’s second claim is that this conceptually sharpened understanding of the political rationalities is required for a diagnosis of the present, which reveals that today’s dominant governmentality is no longer neo-liberalism but a new liberal rationality: neosocial market economy.
Rupture and Transformation: Foucault’s Concept of Spirituality Reconsidered
Authors: Carrette Jeremy
Published: November 2016

Using Foucault’s conceptual frame from The Archaeology of Knowledge to read Foucault’s late deployment of “spirituality,” this article argues that Foucault’s enigmatic gesture in using this concept reveals a refusal of “rupture” from the Christian pre-modern discourse of “spirit.” Despite attempts to alter the “field of use,” Foucault’s genealogical commitment ensures a Christian continuity in modern discourses of transformation. In a detailed examination of the 1982 Collège de France lectures, the article returns Foucault’s use of “spirituality” to the Alexandrian joining of philosophy and theology and the specificity of Christian practice and belief.
Between Bodies and Pleasures: A Territory Without a Domain
Authors: Hengehold Laura
Published: November 2016

Foucault’s debt to Kant is usually examined with respect to his ethos of critique. In fact, Kant’s writings on aesthetic judgment, teleological judgment, and anthropology constitute an important, if implicit, object of Foucault’s genealogical efforts to free Western culture from a scientia sexualis that oppresses sexual minorities. Comparing Foucault’s use of Kant to the use made by psychoanalytic theorists of sexual difference, this paper argues that the concept of non-teleological pleasure found in Kant’s critique of aesthetic judgment may provide grounds for queer thinkers to resist and reconfigure associations between death, knowledge, and sexuality as a function of organisms—associations inherited from the post-Kantian philosophical anthropology and biological medicine of the nineteenth century.
Foucault and Althusser: Epistemological Differences with Political Effects
Authors: Ryder Andrew
Published: November 2016

Michel Foucault was at times critical of the Marxist tradition, and at other times more sympathetic.  After his dismissal of Marx in The Order of Things, he conceded the existence of a more compelling, non-humanist version of this discourse.  Louis Althusser’s innovations are crucial for the existence of this second Marxism.  While consideration of the relation between Foucault and Althusser varies between those who emphasize relations between State and capital, and conversely those who inscribe Marxist considerations into a micro-political account, the distinction between the two thinkers takes place earlier in the development of their respective outlooks.  Foucault initially emphasized Marxism as an anthropological eschatology; he revises this argument, commending the possibility of an epistemological mutation of history inherent in Marx’s thought.  I locate crucial distinctions between Foucault and Althusser in the early work of the 1960s as inflecting relations in the seemingly more proximate work of the 1970s.  In this approach, we can better examine Foucault’s non-Marxist contentions in order to consider the reciprocal distinctions and contributions between these two forms of anti-humanism, providing the necessary groundwork for debates regarding the nature of subjectivity, the State, and revolution.
Stultitia and Type 2 Diabetes: The Madness of Not Wanting to Care for the Self
Authors: Ljungdalh Anders Kruse
Published: November 2016

This paper explores the condition of stultitia, which is described by Michel Foucault in The Hermeneutics of the Subject as a condition one is in, before having started to care for the self.  The purpose is to shed light on one of the paradoxes of patient education by introducing and elaborating an aspect of Foucault’s literary activities, which has not, to my knowledge, been investigated empirically before.  To illustrate this condition, the paper targets the relation between type 2 diabetes, contemporary norms of healthy living, diabetes education, and the situation that sometimes occurs when individuals are not capable of, or motivated to, taking care of themselves.  It specifically targets a situation, which is both incomprehensible to health professionals and patients alike; when patients desire a healthy life, but at the same time do not pursue it according to the recommendations.  Thus, it is a condition of madness, which is investigated; madness in the sense that patients have internalised a rationality, against which their own behaviour rebels.
Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature of Thought
Authors: Cisney Vernon W.
Published: November 2016

In this paper I employ the notion of the ‘thought of the outside’ as developed by Michel Foucault, in order to defend the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze against the criticisms of ‘elitism,’ ‘aristocratism,’ and ‘political indifference’—famously leveled by Alain Badiou and Peter Hallward.  First, I argue that their charges of a theophanic conception of Being, which ground the broader political claims, derive from a misunderstanding of Deleuze’s notion of univocity, as well as a failure to recognize the significance of the concept of multiplicity in Deleuze’s thinking.  From here, I go on to discuss Deleuze’s articulation of the ‘dogmatic image of thought,’ which, insofar as it takes ‘recognition’ as its model, can only ever think what is already solidified and sedimented as true, in light of existing structures and institutions of power.  Then, I examine Deleuze’s reading of Foucault and the notion of the ‘thought of the outside,’ showing the ‘outside’ as the unthought that lies at the heart of thinking itself, as both its condition and its impossibility.  Insofar as it is essential to thinking itself, finally, I argue that the passage of thought to the outside is not an absolute flight out of this world, as Hallward claims, but rather, a return of the different that constitutes the Self for Deleuze.  Thinking is an ongoing movement of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, or as Foucault says, death and life.  Thinking, as Deleuze understands it, is essentially creative; it reconfigures the virtual, thereby literally changing the world.  Thinking is therefore, according to Deleuze, thoroughly political.
Ethics and the ontology of freedom: problematization and responsiveness in Foucault and Deleuze
Authors: Gilson Erinn Cunniff
Published: November 2016

Both Foucault and Deleuze define ethics as a form of creative activity.  Yet, given certain ontological features indicated by both thinkers, ethics must be more than just creative and critical activity.  Forgoing a transcendent ground for ethics, the ontological condition of ethics – what Foucault calls liberté and Deleuze calls the plane of immanence – is an opening for change that makes possible normalizing modes of existence as well transformative ones.  In this context, ethics must be a practice that comprehends the dangers of such open-ended creation.  The concept of problematization, emphasized by Foucault and Deleuze, leads to an enhanced understanding of their conception of ethics.  On this understanding, ethics is a practice of problematization requiring a determination and assessment of the most pressing problems to which one must respond rather than attempt to solve once and for all.  Ethics is necessarily a responsive engagement with the problems of one’s present.
For The Love Of Boys
Authors: Carvalho John M.
Published: November 2016

Foucault’s late studies of classical Greek and Roman texts are significant for the attention they give to the nuances and complexities the authors of those texts attribute to the relations between men and boys.  Foucault follows carefully the considerations the classical writers gave to the bodies, pleasures and knowledge that formed and were formed by these relations.  His aim is not to capture what was said in these texts but to think with them about what it might have taken, lacking any standard or model, for boys and men, both, to become, in the context of their relations with one another, beautiful examples of what it means to be alive.  What interests him, ultimately, is not boys or the ancient pleasures associated with boys but this practice of making one’s life admirable, to oneself and to those with whom one associates freely and intimately, in the absence of a given standard or code.  If there is a Foucauldean ethics, it can be nothing more or less than this becoming an admirable instance of a life worth living.
Neo‐Liberalism, Police, and the Governance of Little Urban Things
Authors: Lippert Randy K.
Published: November 2016

This article seeks to refine understandings of the governmental logics that comprise and shape urban governance.  Drawing on research using ethnographic methods that explore the business improvement district (BID) and the condominium corporation (condo) it is argued that exclusive focus on urban neo-liberalism neglects an urban ”police.” This latter logic is most famously remarked upon in Michel Foucault’s writings as targeting “little things” in urban spaces.  Both “police” and the ”free rider problem” it confronts predate and are irreducible to neo-liberalism.  Ethnography helps discern this “police” as well as how neo-liberalism relates to it in private urban realms typically hidden from view.  Examining BIDs and condos in this way shows that neo-liberalism and “police” co-exist and combine in the governance of urban residential and commercial life.  This matters because it reveals a more complex picture of urban governance than is sometimes assumed when neo-liberalism is exclusively invoked and one that is necessarily considered when conceiving of alternative governing arrangements.
Platonism, Christianity, Stoicism: The Subject, The Truth, And The Political Import Of Their Relationship In Three Traditions
Authors: Weiss Robin
Published: November 2016

Foucault has been criticized for overlooking the similarities among Platonism, Christianity and Stoicism, and overstating Stoicism’s distinctness.  However, an examination of Stoic theories of truth shows that the Stoics sought out a particular kind of knowledge, and that this knowledge was necessarily sought by means of a certain circular process, to which Foucault himself vaguely alludes.  This accounts for many of Foucault’s observations, and explains why, even when Stoics speak about such topics as self-knowledge and self-renunciation in ways that recall Platonism and Christianity, their approach is rightly characterized as differing from that of their Platonic and Christian counterparts.  Ultimately, this sheds light on Stoicism’s import for politics.  In short, only by the Stoic will the search for truth be carried out in such a way that the individual’s identity will neither reinforce, nor be reinforced by his or her grasp of the truth; and this will uniquely prepare the Stoic to enter the political domain and to be recognized there as someone who speaks the truth.
This Is What a Historicist and Relativist Feminist Philosophy of Disability Looks Like
Authors: Tremain Shelley
Published: November 2016

With this article, I advance a historicist and relativist feminist philosophy of disability. I argue that Foucault’s insights offer the most astute tools with which to engage in this intellectual enterprise. Genealogy, the technique of investigation that Friedrich Nietzsche famously introduced and that Foucault took up and adapted in his own work, demonstrates that Foucault’s historicist approach has greater explanatory power and transgressive potential for analyses of disability than his critics in disability studies have thus far recognized. I show how a feminist philosophy of disability that employs Foucault’s technique of genealogy avoids ahistorical, teleological, and transcultural assumptions that beleaguer much work in disability studies. The article also situates feminist philosophical work on disability squarely in age-old debates in (Eurocentric) Western philosophy about universalism vs. relativism, materialism vs. idealism, realism vs. nominalism, and freewill vs. determinism, as well as contributes to ongoing discussions in (Western) feminist philosophy and theory about (among other things) essentialism vs. constructivism, identity, race, sexuality, agency, and experience.
Habermas, Foucault and Nietzsche: A Double Misunderstanding
Authors: Biebricher Thomas
Published: November 2016

The article analyses Habermas' interpretation of Foucault in the Philosophical Discourse of Modernity and argues that the former misunderstands the Foucaultian project of genealogy fundamentally. While Habermas assumes that Foucault aims at a strictly scientific approach to the writing of history it can be shown that Foucaultian genealogy is strongly characterised by rhetorical aspects, creating a hybrid model of critique that stands in between science and literature. The essay goes on arguing that this misreading can be explained with reference to Habermas' reconstruction of Nietzsche's philosophy in the Philosophical Discourse. On the basis of this clarification the article analyses what a Habermasian position vis-à-vis genealogy including the rhetorical element would look like. Making use of Habermas' remarks on Derrida in the Philosophical Discourse the essay concludes that, counter-intuitively, a rhetorically understood genealogy has to be considered a valid philosophical approach even on Habermas' own terms.
In 'Descent' Proposal: Pathologies of Embodiment in Nietzsche, Kafka, and Foucault
Authors: Mellamphy Dan , Mellamphy Nandita Biswas
Published: November 2016

This paper advances the argument that Foucault's notion of 'bodily inscription' can be found in more rudimentary form in the Nietzschean notion of 'bodily descent'- the path qua pathology of 'going under' first outlined by Nietzsche in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. The argument is set within context of the ongoing debate in Foucault studies about whether a non-discursive dimension of the body can be posited or whether the body is always already and inevitably discursive. Following Judith Butler's assessment that there is in Foucault's work the presence of a body outside of signification, the present paper argues that Foucaultian bodily inscription is akin to Nietzschean bodily descent: both are predicated on and depend upon the occluded presence of an inherently 'indecent' or 'undisciplined' body, one that disrupts the discursive economy of subjectivization (assujettissement). Through the detailed reading of an exemplary tale by Franz Kafka ('In the Penal Colony'), we attempt to describe the structural axes or disciplinary matrix that descends and is imposed upon 'undisciplined' or 'indecent' bodies, revealing in so doing the 'indecent' body subject to this descent, the body 'crossed over' and 'crossed out' - 'double crossed' - by these axes, by this matrix. We suggest that it is at the crossroads or the crossing of these axes, precisely at the point where the indecent and untidy body is 'inscribed' and 'disciplined', that Foucault, like Nietzsche, locates a point that points beyond the structure, beyond axial and axiomatic binaries, to a body of inherent possibilities, affective virtualities, and spirited resistance.
Normalizing Foucault? A Rhizomatic Approach to Plateaus in Anglophone Educational Research
Authors: Baker Bernadette
Published: November 2016

This paper offers a rhizomatic reading of Foucault scholarship in anglophone educational research. It delineates unique parameters of an educational field, the conditions of receptivity for Foucault's work, and identifies three temporary plateau-formations that have erupted in educational research. Indebted to (non-formulaic) principles of connectivity and heterogeneity, multiplicity, and asignifying ruptures the analysis brings to notice the recombinatorial attributes of the discipline of education through attention to what is encamped and what seeps in debates over his work.
Anthocyanin pigmentation study in flower petals of Asiatic hybrid lily
Authors: Dhiman Mast Ram , Bhatia Rita , Kumar Raj , Suman Ram Singh , Chandresh Chandresh , Neeraj Neeraj , Guleria Mahesh
Published: November 2016

- Lilium is very important bulbous flower, cosmopolitan and has high demand in International flower market. Asiatic hybrid lily cultivars often have dark red spots on the interior surface of their petals. Pigments accumulated in petal spots are anthocyanins. In Lilium, the genetic basis of flower colour and spot formation are little understood because of the heterozygous genome structure. In this study 10 intravarietal Lilium hybrids along with their parents were tested and evaluated. The aim of this study was to estimate and analyse the flower colour of Asiatic Lilium hybrids. Highest value of anthocyanin was recorded in the hybrid PKLH-12 (43.48 mg/100g) and lowest in hybrid PKLH-6 (3.670 mg/100g). Anthocyanin content in the basal part was slightly higher (12.02 mg/100g) than the upper part (12.00mg/100g). Lilium petal during day of anthesis exhibits the highest amount of anthocyanin (13.96 mg/100g) than the 2 days after anthesis(10.05 mg/100g). Based on the variation in anthocyanin content in the present genotypes it may be concluded that this variability can be used for further development of indigenous hybrids with altered colours, hues, and patterns with long post harvest life. This study is important to understand the genetic basis of the traits and to apply molecular markers linked to map loci for MAS.
Modal cut off properties of a metal coated optical waveguide with trefoil cross-section under weak guidance approximation
Authors: Sharma Alka
Published: November 2016

In the present paper the author investigated the propagation of electromagnetic wave through the special cross-sectional waveguide whose guiding region consist three cores embedded in common metallic boundary. By choosing an appropriate coordinate system, the scalar wave equation is solved, and thereby characteristic equation for the guided modes under the weak guidance approximation is derived using analytical method. To understand the basic modal properties in a simple manner, the cutoff equation is derived, and the modal cutoff properties of some lower order modes are determined numerically. The author also gave a comparative study of metallic boundary instead of dielectric cladding boundary on the modal cutoff behavior of waveguide.
Ultrasonic attenuation in Niobium Oxide(NbO) due to phonon-phonon interaction
Authors: Tiwari Arvind Kumar
Published: November 2016

Ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon-phonon interaction and thermo elastic mechanism have been evaluated in NbO along (110) direction in the temperature range 100-500K. The second and third order elastic constants are also evaluated for the evaluation of ultrasonic attenuation and other associated parameters. The ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon-phonon interaction is predominant over thermo elastic loss in this material. The results are discussed in correlation with thermo elastic properties of NbO.
Plant Parasitic Thread Worms (Nematodes)
Authors: Tiwari Mohit Kumar , Gupta Pratibha
Published: November 2016

About 15% species of these parasites are plant parasitic causing severe threat to various crops all over the world including India. Plant parasitic nematodes are responsible for loss of about 45 billion rupees all over the world. Plant nematodes can infect Pine, Citrus plants, Coconut, Rice crop, Maize ,Peanut, Soya bean, Banana, Potato, Sweet potato, Beat etc. causing infection of root, stem leaf, flower and seed etc. Source of infection is contaminated soil containing eggs or larvae of infective plant nematode which enter in host plant through root in 2nd juvenile larval stage. This infection spreads from one place to other with contaminated soil, farmers instruments, shoes, flow of water and with infected plants and plant product. Plant nematodes are controlled by fumigation, chemicals and plant nematode predators.
Bio-diversity: importance, loss and conservation
Authors: Singh Arvind
Published: November 2016

Exactly how many species of life exists is not known to anybody. Estimate ranges from 3 million to 100 million. There are 1,435,662 identified species all over the world, however, a large number of species are still unidentified. They include 7,51,000 species of insects, 2,48,000 of flowering plants, 2,81,000 of animals, 68,000 of fungi, 26,000 of algae, 4,800 of bacteria and 1,000 of viruses. Approximately 27,000 species become extinct every year due to loss of ecosystems. Majority of them are small tropical organisms. If this trend of bio-diversity depletion continues, 25 per cent of the world's species may vanish by the year 2050.
Protein
Authors: Chaturvedi A. K.
Published: November 2016

Protein is the constituent of human food. There are 24 amino acid which form different proteins. Source of protein is vegetables and animal. All enzymes are proteins and enzymes are bio-catalyst. Protein builds up body and increases immune power in human beings. Excess protein causes high blood pressure, obesity, arthritis, kidney disease. Lack of protein causes dwarfness, hair fall, weight loss, muscles weakness etc. Proteins are fibrous, globular, simple, mixed.
Disasters and disaster management
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh
Published: November 2016

Disasters are the result of imbalance in nature that leads to hindered development and progress. Besides natural calamities there are several manmade situations. Natural disasters are earthquake, Tsunami, landslide, eruption of volcanoes, draught, flood, melting of glaciers etc. Patience, intelligence, mutual cooperation and proper management are the remedial means. Disaster management is of two types- pre disaster and post disaster.