bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among Residence in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Yonge Shadrack A. , Opiyo Bob O. , Bakari Bibi A. , Shamsudin Abbas A. , Sharma Rekha R. , Sharon Betty
Published: June 2024

Background: Infectious disease pandemic of COVID-19 continues to be a global & public health challenge. The knowledge, attitudes and practices of the people towards COVID-19 is critical to the understanding the epidemiological dynamics of the disease. This study sought to assess the awareness of Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19.
Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted in Mombasa between September-October, 2020. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation and multivariate linear regression tests. A total of 422 participants completed the survey questionnaire. A p<0.05 was statistically significant.
Results: The mean age was 29.55 years (SD: 10.7), 252 (59.72%) were female, and 170 (40.28%) were male. Majority 255 (60.4%) were aged between 18-29 years while 200 (47.38%) and 162 (38.39%) were educated up to secondary and university level respectively. Knowledge scores significantly differed across genders, age-groups, categories of marital status, education levels (p<0.05). The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 7.45 (SD: 1.51), suggesting an overall 62% (7.45/12×100) correct rate on this knowledge test. The majority of the respondents agreed that COVID-19 will finally be successfully controlled (66.35%) and this was significant (p<0.05). The vast majority of the participants had not visited any crowded place (88.35%) and wore masks when going out (74.31%) in recent days.
Conclusions: The knowledge about COVID-19 in the Mombasa County population during the outbreak was acceptable, attitudes have been mostly favourable and the practices are mostly adequate.
An assessment of socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Charles-Eromosele Titilope O. , Maduafokwa Blossom A. , Kanma-Okafor Oluchi J. , Oluwole Esther O. , Oridota Ezekiel S. , Giwa Opeyemi O. , Ibenye-Ugbala Chioma J. , Abdulkareem Aisha T. , Pitan Adesola A. , Matti Oluwadamilola A. , Onajole Adebayo T.
Published: June 2024

Background: There are attendant socio-cultural challenges of social distancing in controlling COVID-19 in developing countries which must be overcome. The objectives of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on social distancing, to determine the socio-cultural challenges and assess the coping mechanisms to the socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that assessed the socio-cultural challenges of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study population included adults ≥18 years that have resided in Lagos state for more than six months. Respondents were recruited through the internet, using the social media platforms. A total of 500 responses were analysed. Quantitative analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22.
Results: Overall, about 98.2% of the participants had adequate knowledge of social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control, 51% of the participants had positive attitude towards social distancing as a means of COVID-19 control, and about 98.2% of the participants practised social distancing. About a quarter (27.2%) saw social distancing as a violation of human right and 97% agreed that it affected education in schools. Internet-based communication, teleworking, financial compensation, support groups, health education and special attention to the vulnerable were indicated coping strategies.
Conclusions: The findings showed significant socio-cultural challenges in implementing COVID-19 mitigating measures such as social distancing and recommended mass health education plus a good socio-economic support system will help promote the adoption of preventative guidelines.
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among the hypertensive patients in Wajir county, Kenya
Authors: Ali Abdirahman M. , Kimani Harun M. , Ogweno Gordon O.
Published: June 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is public health burden and rising rapidly in prevalence in developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. CKD increases with advancing age and comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. However, there is no data on CKD the prevalence and risk factors associated among the hypertensive adult patients in Wajir county. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and establishing risk factors associated with CKD among hypertensive patients in Wajir county and sought to recommend viable preventive measures.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design utilized, non-probability consecutive sampling was adopted to obtain sample size of 293 respondent attending medical outpatient clinic at Wajir county referral hospital between September to December 2023. The study utilised primary data that were collected using structured questionnaires and secondary data from the laboratory result.
Results: Key findings revealed majority of hypertensive patients have CKD (45.40%), highlighting a critical health concern in the region. The study found most CKD cases were in early stages (stages 1 and 2), some had progressed to severe stages (stages 4 and 5). Regression analysis identified several demographic and clinical factors associated with CKD development, including age, gender, and education, and employment status, family history of CKD and difficulty in medication compliance.
Conclusions: there is high prevalence of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive adults in Wajir county. With nearly half of hypertensive patients also suffering from CKD, there is an undeniable public health crisis at hand in Wajir county. Study recommended initiation of targeted screening programs.
Nutrient composition of cassava flour fortified with pumpkin leaves and its effects on post-prandial blood glucose level among diabetes patients
Authors: Balogun Olanike O. , Olaniran Olajumoke P. , Oduneye Motunrayo T.
Published: June 2024

Background: The nutritional and phytochemical content of cassava has shown many health benefits. However, the use of cassava for the control of diabetes and dyslipidemia is poorly researched. Hence this study aims to determine the effect of cassava flour fortified with pumpkin leaves on post-prandial blood glucose level.
Methods: The research adopted an experimental study design. The fortified cassava flour was produced at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The flour was fortified in the ratio; 90:10 (sample-A), 70:30 (sample-B), and 50:50 (sample-C). The fasting and postprandial plasma of the subjects were taken using Rossmax and Accu Checker. The proximate and micronutrient composition of cassava were analyzed. The data analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.
Results: The result of the post-prandial effect (min/max) of control, sample A, B, and C, was 57/310 mg/dl, 102/282 mg/dl, 79/188 mg/dl, and 74/160 mg/dl respectively. Sample-B had the highest value in ash, protein, and crude fiber contents. Sample-C had the least protein. The control sample had the least fiber content. sample-A had the highest fat content. However, sample-B had the highest percentage of carbohydrate [96.89±0.03 (sample-B), 84.01±0.19 (sample-C), 83.32±0.02 (Control), and 79.35±0.75 (sample-A)]. The micro-nutrient of the control is lower than other samples with the exception of phosphorus. Sample-A had the highest value of potassium, iron, and calcium. Sample-B had the highest value for magnesium and phosphorus.
Conclusions: Sample-C had a lowering effect on the post-prandial blood level of the respondents.
Prevalence, resistant pattern and associated risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among antenatal clients in a municipal hospital in Ghana
Authors: Kwashie Solomon D. Y. , Mensah Benjamin Tetteh , Attipoe Israel , Akorly Eric , Degenu Victor A. , Kupeh Edward K. , Danyi Dominic , Osei-Owusu William , Dzokoto Maxwell Kwame
Published: June 2024

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to determine the prevalence of uro-pathogens among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic at Weija-Gbawe Municipal Hospital. The data was collected between May 2023 and October 2023. The data collection process involved the use of a structured questionnaire, while urine specimens were collected in sterile urine containers and cultured on CLED medium. The bacteria colonies were identified and evaluated for their susceptibility to antibacterial agents. Multiple logistics regression was used to determine the factors associated with bacteriuria among pregnant women.
Results: The age range of the participants was 14 years to 45 years with mean age of 30 years (SD±6.5). About 13% of the participants had no formal education. Majority (77.4%) of study participants were obese while only 3.42% had normal weight. Isolates were Escherichia coli (27%), Klebsiella species (23%), Proteus species (18%) and Citrobacter koseri (18%). Gentamicin was sensitive to E. coli and cotrimoxazole was the most resistant antibiotics. Factors such as BMI, educational level, smoking status, recurrent UTI, parity were not found to have statistical influence on prevalence of bacteriuria among pregnant women.
Conclusions: The study revealed 15.1% prevalence of ASB among pregnant women with E. coli being the predominate isolates. Gentamicin and cotrimoxazole were the most sensitive and resistant antibiotics respectively. Pregnant women should be advised to adhere to optimal hygiene practices and safe sexual behaviours, with a focus on the role of these practices in preventing uro-pathogen colonization.
Prevalence and neonatal outcomes of preterm born at Garissa county referral hospital, Kenya
Authors: Amolo Tom , Olayo Rose , Otieno Walter , Esendi Gladys C. , Raballah Evans
Published: June 2024

Background: Despite the significance of late preterm and early term neonates in neonatal health, comprehensive data on their prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and associated maternal sociodemographic and economic characteristics is grossly lacking in Garissa County, Kenya. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of late preterm (LPN) and early term neonates (ETN) born at Garissa County Referral Hospital (GCRH), relative to full-term neonates (FTN).
Methods: Singleton live neonates in the three groups were enrolled. Prevalence was computed as percentages of births in each category relative to total singleton live births during the study period. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to assess morbidity patterns, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Mortality rates were presented as total deaths per 1,000 live births within the first 28 days.
Results: The LPN, ETN, and FTN had a prevalence of 8.47%, 11.86%, and 9.2%, respectively. Maternal age was significantly associated with gestational age (p=0.014; Φc=0.263), while other sociodemographic and economic characteristics were comparable across groups (p>0.05). LPNs had lower odds of respiratory distress diagnosis on day 1 compared to ETNs (OR=-1.68896; 95% CI: -3.012335 to -0.365593; p=0.012). Mortality rates were comparable among gestational age categories (p=0.649).
Conclusions: Overall, the study shows that LPN and ETN are considerably prevalent in Garissa County and that, only maternal age impacts on gestational age. Targeted interventions, particularly for younger mothers, should be implemented to mitigate associated risks and improve neonatal outcomes.
Comparison of platelet to lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes and women with preterm delivery
Authors: Khodadost Mahsa , Ghavami Zahra , Dargahi Rogayeh , Amani Firouz
Published: June 2024

Background: Considering the adverse effect of PROM on birth outcomes and the condition of mother and fetus, early identification of risk factors of PROM and their control can reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes for mother and fetus and improve their health. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing PLR and NLR in women with PROM and women with preterm delivery.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 155 women with PPROM as case group and 155 women with preterm delivery as control group. Age, gestational age, type of delivery, baby's birth weight, gravida, parity, APGAR score, rate of hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), occurrence of neonatal sepsis and development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were recorded from women's medical records. Also, the results of blood tests and PLR and NLR values were calculated for each pregnant woman. Collected data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 24.
Results: The average gestational age and weight of babies at birth time in the case group were significantly lower than those with preterm delivery. The mean of NLR in case group with 4.8±2.5 was significantly higher than control group with 4.2±2.2. The mean of PLR in case group with 111.5±47.6 was significantly higher than control group with 100.98±43.4.
Conclusions: The high values of PLR and NLR in the women with PROM compared to women with preterm delivery can be a marker to identify the risk of PPROM in pregnant women.
Pattern of mobile use among medical students and its impact on health in GMC Jalaun
Authors: Verma Santosh Kumar , Singh Namrata
Published: June 2024

Background: Mobile phone because of the ever availability and its mobility application has created a dramatic interest for youth in comparison with other communication technologies. Unfortunately, communication technology has some negative effects also. Constant usage and addiction to cell phones has affected the people physically, psychologically, and socially. Aims and objective were to assess the pattern and impact on health of mobile phone use among students of Government Medical College, Jalaun.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on GMC Jalaun from October to December (3 months). All students of MBBS final year part 1 were selected as sample, so total 98 students were selected in the study. Students were requested to complete a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using appropriate statistical test.
Results: Our study shows that mobile phone use was very high among the medical students and 54.1% of them spending 4-6 hours per day. Most of the students were frequently using mobile phone for taking pictures, videos, playing games, listening to music and internet surfing other than for calling and messaging purpose. Majority of the students used mobile phones at night (62.2%). Majority were suffered from sleep disturbance (52.1%) followed by lack of concentration (47.9%) and behavioural disorder (36.8). Out of total students, 31.6% were having refracting error.
Conclusions: Our study showed pattern of mobile phone use among the medical students and it was found that mobile phone use was very high among the medical students.
Assessment of oral health knowledge among the medical graduates of private and government colleges: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Vanga Akhila , Gomasani Srinivasulu
Published: June 2024

Background: General health and oral health are interconnected, with oral health being a fundamental component. It is critical for life long human well-being. Oral health issues pose a significant concern for public health. Medical students should also have better knowledge of oral hygiene so that they can provide oral health education and guidance to their patients when requested. Many people seek medical care from their primary care provider for oral health problems. Therefore, doctors must have sufficient knowledge about oral health and play an important role in promoting oral health. This study aimed to assess the oral health knowledge of medical graduates from private and government colleges in Nellore, India.
Methods: A Cross-sectional study using a pre-designed survey consisting of 25 questions with Likert scale options. The study included medical graduates from all private and government colleges. Questions about oral health issues and their relationship to overall health. Data was collected, compiled, and analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results: Compared to government medical college students, 83.8% of private college students believe that dental caries and periodontal diseases are plaque-mediated diseases. 90.3% of government medical college students agree with the statement "tobacco is only the risk factor for oral cancer" compared to private college students.
Conclusions: Medical students lack awareness of oral health issues. Frequently, oral health concerns are neglected as they focus on classroom dynamics and students’ behavior.
Novel contribution to existing knowledge: a focus on emotional intelligence and academic behavior in Northern India
Authors: . Shikha , Sarin Jyoti , Abhishek  , Saini Abhishek , . Saima , Sharma Priya , Qurat-Ain  , Dogra Rahul , Hafiz Rahil
Published: June 2024

Background: The present study explored the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and academic behavior (AB) among undergraduate students in Northern Indian colleges. Understanding these factors is fundamental for enhancing student success and well-being.
Methods: Using a cross-sectional methodology, self-report questionnaires were used to gather data from 1000 undergraduate students who were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using tools that included the Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment Questionnaire and the Academic Behavior Assessment Questionnaire.
Results: The study's findings indicate that, while emotional intelligence and academic behavior are not substantially associated, students exhibit exceptional academic behavior and high emotional intelligence scores Statistical analyses examined the correlations and impacts of various demographic factors on EI and academic behavior. Participants exhibited high levels of academic behavior (mean=87.26, SD=13.55) and average levels of EI (mean = 48.76, SD = 13.99). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between EI and academic behavior (r = 0.097, p = 0.002). Course of study, presence of physical illness, and socio-economic status significantly influenced academic behavior, while place of residence, religion, and socio-economic status affected EI scores.
Conclusions: Despite the positive correlation between EI and academic behavior, the association was not substantial. The study highlights the complex interplay of multiple factors affecting student achievement. Further research is encouraged to investigate additional variables impacting EI and academic behavior among Northern Indian undergraduates. These insights can inform targeted interventions to support student development and academic success.
Study on decision making patterns and parameters among doctors of pre-clinical and para clinical departments of GMKMC, Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Jayapal Balaji , Karuppan Chellavel Ganapathi , Jayaraman Guru Kartick
Published: June 2024

Background: Many studies and research articles in our medical field focus on decision making in the clinical set up, but this study only focused on decision making on pre-clinical and paraclinical settings. The objective was to study patterns and parameters of decision making among the doctors of pre-clinical and para clinical departments of GVMCH, Salem.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 45 doctors across 7 pre and para clinicals departments of Government Medical College Salem in Tamil Nadu. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation were used for quantitative data and Pearson chi square test and logistic regression was used for qualitative data using Epi Info 7.
Results: The mean score was 7.2±2.8 with mean scoring percentile of 28.8±11.5. There was Pearsons’s chi square significance for variables like external resources related to decision making, books related to decision making, UG and PG pursued at, exposure to workshops or CMEs related to decision making, and age group <35. But on running logistic regression we got statistical significance for external resources related to decision making and age group >35 years.
Conclusions: Variables like external resources related to decision making, age group >35 years showed statistical significance and better inferences compared to other dependent and independent variables in this pre and para clinical department set ups.
The time motion study of an out-patient department in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Rajan T. Palanivel , Shanu J. E. Jeffin , Pandi S.
Published: June 2024

Background: The time taken by the patients during their visit to the hospital out-patient department (OPD) at various service delivery points, the time motion study and by assessing the patient satisfaction regarding the hospital out-patient department, the present study was conducted. This study established the clinical workflow of various events and the operational efficiency of the out-patient department in a busy tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu.
Methods: The data pertaining to the time motion study was recorded in hours, minutes and seconds. The patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-10 item questionnaire) was requested by interviewing the patients. The data was statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the SPSS v26.0.
Results: The maximum time spent was at the investigation counter 00:15:12 and SD was ±00:08:56. The total average waiting time spent during the hospital visits was 00:32:25±00:18:17. The patient satisfaction questionnaire revealed that the overall satisfaction was found to be good in 38 (62.3%) and excellent in 10 (16.4%).
Conclusions: The time spent at the investigation counters which was at the peak can be reduced by prioritization and faster case work-up. The staffing pattern was adequate except on government holidays, there were no particular delay in the OPD care setting.
Caffeine consumption among medical students: an exploratory study in a medical school in a sub–Himalayan state of India
Authors: Gangwal Ujjwala , Mir Mehak T. , Gupta Rajiv K. , Gupta Rishab , Kailu Chaitanya , Dhadawad Mahendra S. , Padha Reenu , Naik Khalid H.
Published: June 2024

Background: Among the psychostimulants, caffeine is the most commonly used compound with beneficial effects in low to moderate intake. Medical students due to extended scholastic work do indulge in caffeine intake. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence, determinants and its positive and negative effects among medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Jammu, India.
Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in the month of December, 2023. Online questionnaire was shared with all the undergraduate MBBS students of the medical school and were directed to submit their responses. Data thus collected was entered into Excel spread sheet and analysed.
Results: Prevalence of caffeine intake among the respondents was 85.7%. The most common caffeinated beverage consumed was tea followed by coffee while energy drinks were least consumed. Among the reasons for consumption, feeling refreshed and combating drowsiness were cited as two main reasons. Respondents reported gastritis (41%), insomnia (30%), anxiety (18%) and palpitation (18%) as major side effects post consumption.
Conclusions: The frequency of caffeine use among the respondents was more on the regular days in contrast to stress related exam days as reported in other studies. Intake of caffeinated beverages favourable time was morning. More studies are recommended to study long term results of consumption of caffeinated beverages.
Study to find out reasons for opting medical profession and regret after joining MBBS course among first year students of a medical college in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Shrivatsam Paidi , Yadav Preeti K. , Chand Paidi Purna
Published: June 2024

Background: Many students in India are influenced by parental pressure to pursue a career in medicine. It has been consistently observed that a notable number of medical students later regret their career choice. This study aims to delve into the reasons behind the choice of a medical career, preferences for various teaching methods, causes of inattentiveness in classes, and the level of regret experienced by students after opting for this path.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 first year medical students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 19.13±1.18 and most of them were females (57.6%). The majority (72.2%) of students opted MBBS out of self-interest. To serve the society (21.2%) was the most common motivational factor to choose MBBS. 14.6% of the subjects were having feelings of regret for choosing the medical profession.
Conclusions: Self-interest was the major reason for opting MBBS. Fulfilling parent’s wishes was also observed as one of the reasons for opting MBBS. Most students considered interactive lectures as their preferred teaching method, though many also preferred demonstrations and video lectures. Almost one third of the students were having feelings of regret for selecting the medical profession.
Assessment of quality of mid-day meal in Khamanon, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Halder Pritam , Srivastava Rachana , Singh Tarundeep , Khanna Poonam
Published: June 2024

Background: Mid-day meal (MDM) is a scheme implemented by Government of India to combat the problem of malnourishment. Periodic assessment of the food and nutritional quality of mid-day meals being served to the school children for nutrient consumption is imperative. This study was designed to evaluate the quality of food served under MDM.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 11 government schools of Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab (May-July, 2018). The cooked food samples were evaluated for assessing the food quality of MDM in different schools with respect to colour, consistency and taste by a panel of 5-6 judges. The amount of food grains, pulses, vegetables, etc. provided to all the upper primary school children were recorded and then evaluated for the nutritive content (calories, protein, fat) of MDM and its contribution per day.
Results: In the present study, energy as well as protein requirement was fulfilled by mid-day meal but was low for fat (2.4 gm). The quantity of mid-day meal provided was adequate except for the vegetables (leafy also). Usage of green leafy vegetables was low (42 gm), served once in a week. There was 76% adequacy of nutrient intake in the present study.
Conclusions: The present study shows that improvement in the quality and quantity of the Mid-day meal is essential to fill the nutrient gap. There is a need to improve fat content of the meal, as it was low. More leafy vegetables should be included in the meal or their substitutes should be encouraged.
A systematic review of knowledge, attitude, practice and health impacts of self-medication among COVID-19 affected people in South Asia
Authors: Asma Sanjana , Islam Mohammad Anarul , Tohi Patrick , Hakkim Saira
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication and its health impact among South Asian people. This systematic review was conducted at the Department of Public Health, under the Faculty of Health Sciences of University of Sunderland, United Kingdom (UK) during December 2020 to December 2022.For this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of self-medication among COVID-19-affected adults aged 18 and older in South Asian nations The design of this review was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)-2019 were used to identify the methodological problems in each individual study report. In this systematic review ten qualifying studies were examined with a total of (n=5137) study subjects. Among the study subjects, 2211 (43.04%) COVID 19 afflicted People had enough knowledge of self- medication followed 2001 (38.95%) COVID19 affected people in South Asia had a favorable attitude toward self-medication, 2906 (56.56%) people had performed self-medication and 206 (4.01%) had adverse impacts on their health. Bangladesh and India had the greatest and lowest rates of self-medication, 88.3% and 17.9%, respectively. In addition, the greatest rate of self-medication was seen among medical students in Pakistan (83%). This study investigated that during the COVID-19 Pandemic, self-medication was very common, with over half of the study population engaging in it. Therefore, it is vital to enhance the public awareness about the adverse effects of self-medication without having proper knowledge.
Caffenol-C: a viable alternative to conventional radiographic developer
Authors: Sudhakar Sankaran , Shreenivas Sundar , Rajkumar Couppoussamy , Jones Sumathi
Published: June 2024

Current radiographic developers are considered detrimental and hence there is a constant quest for less harmful products. Caffenol-C a liquid concoction of household materials is considered as an alternative photographic developing agent. However, its usage in radiology has not been evaluated. Considering this, the present work was conducted to assess the utility of caffenol-C in processing dental radiographs. 2.6 g of instant coffee and vitamin C powder is mixed in 22.5 ml of water. Then 1.6 g of washing soda is dissolved in another 22.5 ml of water. Both the solutions are then mixed to make the final caffenol-C preparation. The preparation is then used for processing of dental radiographs and evaluated for its diagnostic quality. Radiographs developed with caffenol-C preparation showed excellent contrast and density. The optimum developing time was found to be 10 min. The present work observed that the radiographs processed with caffenol-C preparation had good diagnostic quality and thus it appears to be a viable alternative.
Physicochemical, proximate and sensory evaluation of pearl millet and pigeon pea based nutrient dense mix
Authors: Ahmed Maryam Fairoz , Pandey Sangeeta
Published: June 2024

Severe acute malnutrition serves a high risk of mortality among children aged 6-59 months. At a community level anganwadi centers play a vital role in identifying malnutrition among children and enabling resources for growth and development. The aim of this study was to develop a nutrient dense mix using pearl millet and pigeon pea and evaluate its sensory, physicochemical and proximate properties. The nutrient dense mix was formulated using pearl millet and pigeon pea in several variations and the best accepted variation was selected through sensory evaluation and analyzed for its physiochemical and proximate composition. Variation 3 of the nutrient dense mix prepared by balancing pearl millet with rice had the highest acceptability in all sensory parameters. It had favorable physicochemical properties including water solubility index (20.1%), swelling power (3.7%) and low moisture content (3.7%). The proximate analysis revealed high energy (347.10±0.85 kcals), protein (14.28±0.04 g), fat (19.53±0.03) and calcium content (154.63±2.2 mg). The percentage adequacy of the nutrients from the nutrient dense mix showed that 31.27% of energy as per the estimated average requirements was met for 1-3 year olds and 25.5% for 4-6 year olds. The high sensory acceptability, low cost and good micro and macronutrient profile encourages further exploration for the product in curbing malnutrition.
Leadership, and management style and influence on healthcare worker’s job satisfaction and productivity: a scoping review
Authors: Dzokoto Maxwell Kwame , Mensah Benjamin Tetteh , Agbenu Ivy Akushika , Gatheru Peter Muriuki , Kwashie Michael Deladem , Boateng Kyerewaa Akuamoah
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this scoping review is to employ Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology to determine leadership and management styles and their influence on health worker’s job satisfaction and productivity in Low-and middle-income countries. A scoping review of literature published in English since May, 2012 was carried out using PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Sage. Key search terms strategy was employed using the words “leadership styles”, “management styles”, “health workers”, “productivity” and “job satisfaction” to identify relevant studies. A total of 1487 articles resulted from the application of the search strategy. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which 18 was quantitative and 1 was qualitative study. The main leadership styles identified were transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, laissez-faire leadership style and autocratic leadership style. Transformational leadership style was found to have a higher influence on job satisfaction as compared to the other forms leadership styles. Also, transformational leadership styles encouraged about 67% of health workers to provide better healthcare services to their patients. Health facilities in LMICs have employed mainly transformational, transactional, participatory and laissez-faire leadership styles that have varying degree of influence on health workers job satisfaction. Transformational leadership style has proven to positively influence job satisfaction and productivity while laissez-faire leadership demotivate healthcare workers. In order to improve health care services and productivity for client as well as job satisfaction for healthcare workers, transformational leadership trainings will have to be intensified.
Intracoronal esthetic restorative materials in pediatric dentistry: concepts revisited
Authors: Mehta Vivek , Srivastava Nikhil
Published: June 2024

A plethora of restorative materials currently exist to repair carious teeth in children, and numerous options are available for restoring primary and young permanent incisors and molars esthetically. Intracoronal esthetic restorations most commonly used for primary and young permanent dentition include direct restorative materials mainly as composite resins, glass ionomer cement, their modifications, and indirect restorative materials like laboratory-processed inlays, onlays, overlays, and endo-crown prostheses. A pediatric dentist needs to be aware of the composition, indications, advantages, and limitations associated with these restorative materials to employ them judiciously in children. However, the clinical data is insufficient to suggest the most superior type of restoration to be used in pediatric patients. Through this platform; the authors discuss esthetic restorative treatment alternatives along with established recommendations and directions for future developments, familiarizing clinicians with evidence for and against the use of appropriate materials for pediatric restorative dentistry.
The Use of Quantum computing with the Formation of a Single computational space of Ultra-large dimensions in the field of Supply of fuel and energy resources in the conditions special period situations
Authors: Loginov Evgeny
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the problems of forming organizational and information mechanisms based on quantum computing technologies with the formation of a single computational space of ultra-large dimensions, aimed at the ability of the supersystem of the fuel and energy complex in the Russian economy to avoid the spread of disruption in the process of supplying fuel and energy resources and ensure its functionality in critical conditions situations. To solve the problem of ensuring energy security, a structured sequence of subtasks of an organizational and informational nature is proposed, taking into account in detail intersectoral and cooperative connections in the fuel and energy complex in the Russian economy in relation to the production and logistics infrastructure, taking into account possible economic, military, terrorist, climatic and other threats . A tool for solving this problem is proposed to be a systemic technical and economic modeling of the economy, which is used to prioritize the threats of ordinary and critical situations (including situations of a special period and attempts at an economic blockade), assess the likely scale of negative consequences in the event of the implementation of threats, as well as justify composition of measures to reduce risks and mitigate the consequences of threats. Critical situations are structured that must be taken into account when developing the policies of federal executive authorities and strategies of state corporations in order to structure and predict the development of the situation and plan the necessary actions to ensure the supply of fuel and energy resources at the federal level and at the level of industries and regions.
Why we compare Artificial Intelligence Functions and Human Intelligence Capabilities
Authors: Gorman Anna Viktoriia
Published: June 2024

The author describes a hypothesis that without a focus on comparing artificial intelligence and human intelligence, the scientific community could accelerate the progress of AI-related research including solving the problem of trust in AI technologies. Anthropocentrism is shown as a limiting factor for trust in AI, and therefore the AI technology acceptance and development. The author analysed the premises for comparing functions of AI and human intelligence capabilities: from some theories on the philosophy of mind and theory of communication to philological influences and psychological tendencies. The article examines the arguments against comparing artificial intelligence functions with human intelligence capabilities: a theoretical possibility of substrate-free intellect, the incompleteness of human intelligence, the sufficiency of having an AI compared to other biological species for the major risk scenarios, and the fundamental shift from the anthropocentric-based platform. Also, the article presents examples of contemporary philosophers’ concepts that viewed AI functions outside the realms of human intelligence and saw progress in stepping out of comparing AI functions and human intelligence capabilities in the anthropocentric model.
A Problem-oriented Language for Modeling Communities
Authors: Bragin Alexey
Published: June 2024

In multi-agent modeling, a key aspect is the implementation of the model as a computer program. The model implementation can be made more convenient by using a domain-specific language (DSL). In this work, a library was developed in the C# programming language, representing a domain-specific language that allows for the formulation of the modeling task at a high level in terms that are close to the subject area. Data structures and a class hierarchy were proposed. An implementation of an agent whose composition of attributes can change during the modeling process was proposed. The library also includes methods for modeling community life: birth and death rates, and tools for modeling marital behavior. During testing, it was shown that the peak memory usage and overall computational complexity correspond to theoretical estimates, and the structure of the modeled community corresponds to demographic data. A model of the population of the Russian Federation based on demographic data from 2019 was constructed, and a forecast for the change in population numbers by 2036 was made. The result obtained was close to that obtained by Rosstat for these data and time interval, using a method different from multi-agent modeling.
The JSM-method of Automated Research Support and the Conceptual Apparatus for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Finn Viktor
Published: June 2024

This is the final paper of a series devoted to the JSM-method of automated support for research. We formulate the postulates of constructive evolutionary epistemology, which is a methodological basis of the JSM-method of automated research support. Also included is a review of the main results of the series of papers on discovering empirical regularities by means of the heuristics of JSM-investigations that leads to generating confidence in the results of intelligent data analysis. The paper concludes with a review of the key concepts (the conceptual apparatus) of the JSM-method of automated research support and its basic notions.
The Appendix provides some additional material concerning the logic of reasonings and the methodology of the JSM-method.
The series of papers on empirical regularities in the JSM-method of automated research support was published in the Scientific and Technical Information, Series 2, No. 12, 2023, pp. 14-33; ibid., No. 1, 2024, pp. 11-33; this journal, No.1, 2024
Review of the panel discussion “Philosophical and Ethical Analysis of the Concepts of Death and Human Existence in the Context of Cybernetic Immortality”, Samara, 29.03 2024
Authors: Gurov Oleg
Published: June 2024

This publication constitutes a comprehensive account of the panel discussion entitled “Philosophical and Ethical Analysis of the Concepts of Death and Human Existence in the Context of Cybernetic Immortality” which transpired within the confines of the international scientific symposium “The Seventh Lemovsky Readings” held in Samara from March 28th to 30th, 2024. The aforementioned panel discussion, which congregated scores of erudite scholars representing preeminent research institutions across the Russian Federation, emerged as one of the cardinal events of the conference. Eminent Russian academics hailing from multifarious domains of knowledge engaged in a profound deliberation on the potentialities of cybernetic immortality, the conundrums associated with the transference of human consciousness and identity into the virtual realm, as well as the ethical and philosophical quandaries engendered by the transfiguration of the conceptualization of the notions of mortality and the natural life cycle. The roundtable delved into the technological feasibilities and perils of engendering digital doppelgangers, the preservation of individuality after corporeal demise, as well as the plausible ramifications of the technological modification of the human essence.
Cyborgization: the reality of our days or the distant future?
Authors: Konkova Tatiana
Published: June 2024

Widely covered by the world media, the developments of Elon Musk’s company to introduce a device with a brain-computer interface makes us think about a new stage in the development of humanity and brings futuristic forecasts about cyborgization closer. The article provides an overview of examples of the implementation and use of chips. Today, the transhumanist movement is developing and one person is officially recognized as a cyborg. The question is also raised about the attitude of society towards new technologies associated with attempts to introduce technology (Brain-Computer Interface). The original goal of BCI is to enable people to control a computer cursor or keyboard using only their thoughts.
The paper discusses possible risks with the widespread use of this technology. Will people undergo elective brain surgery just so they can scroll through social media with just their mind? And is there a need for this, since every person already has fairly effective interfaces between the brain and the world.
Modeling the Reliability of Distributed Data Storage Systems
Authors: Hammoud Obadah
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the problem of estimating the reliability of distributed data storage systems. The author concludes that classical models do not consider many of the capabilities of modern distributed systems, such as the ability of automatic data recovery on the rest of nodes. Such ability depends on several factors, including free and used space on nodes. This process means that such a system can recover nodes loss independently without the interaction with other agents, as system administrators, which might be required to configure new nodes for data recovery. After that, the author describes the main components of such a system, which reliability should be calculated. The parameters which are used in such an automatic data recovery are defined and added to the well-known methodology-based reliability estimating model for RAID. At the end, modelling of various data storage systems is carried out and the result of reliability estimation of these systems is compared with the systems that are based on the proposed automatic data recovery model.
20. Asırda Adana’da Yaşamış Arap Alevîsi (Nusayrî) Âlimler
Authors: Sonay Ahmet
Published: June 2024

Arap Alevîleri, Adana’da yaşayan en eski dinî gruplardan biridir. Arap Alevîlerinin Adana’daki varlığı, kimi kaynaklar tarafından 10. asra kadar götürülmektedir. Siyasî destekten yoksun olmalarına rağmen Arap Alevîlerinin Adana’daki varlıklarını bu kadar uzun süre koruyabilmelerinde en büyük katkılardan biri, hiç şüphesiz Arap Alevîsi âlimlere aittir. Söz konusu âlimlerin çoğu hakkında günümüze bilgi ulaşmamıştır. Bununla birlikte yakın tarihte Adana’da yaşamış bazı Arap Alevîsi âlimlere ilişkin elimizde somut bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Bu makalenin konusu, 20. asırda Adana’da yaşamış ve haklarında somut bilgilere sahip olduğumuz Arap Alevîsi âlimlerdir. Makale, bahsi geçen konuyu ilmî bir üslupla araştırmak suretiyle Arap Alevîlerinin Adana’daki yakın tarihine ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Makalede tasvirci metot takip edilmiş, objektif olmaya özen gösterilmiştir. Konuyla ilgili yazılı kaynakların toplanması için zorlu bir saha çalışması yapılmış, bunun yanı sıra, konuya vâkıf Arap Alevîsi kanaat önderleriyle temas kurularak onlardan tamamlayıcı şifahî bilgiler alınmıştır. Bu makale aracılığıyla ileride konuya ilişkin çalışma yapacak araştırmacılara sağlam bir hareket noktası temin edilmiş, ayrıca konuya ilgi duyan okuyuculara güvenilir bir başvuru kaynağı sunulmuştur.
Tanrı’nın Tekliğini İspat: Şehristânî’nin Tevhîd Savunusu
Authors: Tanrıbilir Tarık
Published: June 2024

İslam düşüncesinde Tanrı’nın tekliği, merkezi bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Zira Kur’an’ın en çok önemsediği ve kesinlikle taviz vermediği konuların başında Tanrı’nın tekliği gelmektedir. Ayrıca Kur’an’da affedilemeyecek en büyük günah olarak şirkin tanımlanması, onun zıttı olan tevhidin önemini göstermektedir. Kelâm ilmi, Tanrı’nın tekliğini kanıtlamayı amaçladığı için tevhîd ilmi olarak da adlandırılmıştır. Kur’an’ın tevhîd vurgusu ve tevhîd prensibini tehdit eden politeist inanç mensuplarının itiraz ve meydan okumaları, Tanrı’nın tekliğini savunmak için nakli delillerin yanı sıra akli delillere de başvurulması konusunda kelâm bilginlerini harekete geçirmiştir. Şehristânî, Tanrı’yı her bakımdan tek ve emsalsiz olarak nitelendirmektedir. Ona göre en hususi tanrısal nitelik, yaratma kudreti olarak belirginleşmektedir. Şehristânî, önceki kelâm bilginlerinin Tanrı’nın tekliğini kanıtlamak amacıyla başvurdukları burhân-ı temânu` ve burhân-ı tevârüdü kendine has yöntemiyle yorumlamakta ve söz konusu kanıtları tahkim ve takviye etmek amacıyla burhân-ı istiğnâ adını verdiğimiz özgün kanıtını ortaya koymaktadır. Söz konusu kanıtlardaki tüm varsayımlar, birden çok ilahın akli olarak imkânsız olduğunu göstermekte ve Tanrı’nın tekliğini pekiştirmektedir. Çalışmamızda, Şehristânî’nin ilgili görüşleri kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmekte, bu görüşlerin detaylı analiz ve değerlendirmesi yapılmakta ve nihai olarak bütüncül bir sonuç ve değerlendirme sunulmaktadır.