bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of the Shear Resistance of Concrete Hinges Under a Biaxial Load
Authors: Havlíček Peter , Šoltész Július , Gašpárek Jakub
Published: January 2021

Concrete hinges can withstand extremely high loads and rotations, while requiring only minimal maintenance. Their use is widespread, mainly in bridge construction, but they also find applications in the prefabrication of tunnel segments. With the right design and implementation, they can meet the highest requirements for the durability and resistance of a structure. However, the existing models and design procedures are relatively outdated. The models are based solely on empirical assumptions, whereas the shear resistance of the joint itself plays only a marginal role. The following paper aims to compare existing design models against experimental results in order to find the most suitable design approach that reliably captures the performance of a hinge under a shear load. An experimental program was developed in which 9 samples of concrete hinges were tested for different levels of axial loads and degrees of reinforcement. The results of the experiments were then compared with the selected design models, and a numerical nonlinear analysis was conducted.
Effects of exercise programs on upper crossed syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Ranđelović Ivan , Jorgić Bojan , Antić Vladimir , Hadžović Miljan
Published: January 2021

Keeping the head in a forward position can, in the long run, cause a postural disorder termed upper crossed syndrome - UCS. Upper crossed syndrome is defined as overactivity, or tightening, of the upper trapezius, major pectoralis and levator scapulae, combined with a weakened rhomboid, serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, as well as deep cervical flexors. This posture can result in neck pain, as well as upper back pain. The syndrome has been exacerbated with technological advancement, and the ever-increasing use of computers and smartphones. It affects school-age children, university students, as well as employees who work in an incorrect position or repeat the same actions throughout their working day. Physical exercise, namely, strength and stretching exercises, is one of the possible methods of correcting this postural disorder. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies to date in order to determine the effects of implementing different exercise programs on the treatment of upper crossed syndrome. The analyzed scientific papers were collected by searching online databases of electronic academic journals: Google Scholar, PubMed, Wolters Kluwer. The review focused on papers published between 2000 and 2019. Key words used for searching the databases included: upper crossed syndrome, effects, exercise program. Studies were included based on meeting the following criteria: examining the effects of different exercise programs on upper crossed syndrome, as well as on reducing neck and upper back pain, and improving functional ability. Based on the criteria set, a total of 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The final analysis established that upper crossed syndrome was affected most favorably by programs containing strength and stretching exercises, when these were administered over a 4-week period, with a minimum weekly frequency of 3 practice sessions
The effect of arm and shoulder muscle strength training models on learning outcomes of shot put: An experimental study on physical education of middle school students
Authors: Mulyadi Hendri , Putra Ade
Published: January 2021

The problem in this study is the lack of arm and shoulder muscle strength training on the results of high school student shot put. This study aims to determine how much influence the arm and shoulder muscle strength training model has on the results of the shot put in high school students (SMK). The research participants were students of class XI SMK Negeri Rambah Samo, Rokan Hulu Regency. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, amounting to 18 vocational students with an age range of 17-19 years (M = 18.2; SD = 0.8). This research is using the experimental method. The test instrument is shot put and data analysis using t-test statistics. The results of the study explained that the arm and shoulder muscle strength training model had the same effect on the results of students' throws. The results of statistical calculations show that the posttest t-count of the experimental group's arm and shoulder muscle strength is -0.11, where the tcount is smaller than t-table 9-0.11 <2.06), so the conclusion is that arm muscle strength training and shoulder muscle strength have the same effect on increasing shot throws. students. Therefore, arm muscle strength training and shoulder muscle strength are as good as increasing student shot put results.
Analysis of the educational process in teaching physical and sports activities collectives for secondary education under the competency approach
Authors: Djamel Bekhtaoui , Djamel Mokrani
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to analysis the educational process in teaching physical and collective sports activities for secondary education in light of the competencies approach, where we used the descriptive analytical approach. The study was conducted on a sample of 206 teachers of physical and sports education working in some high schools in the Algerian region using a questionnaire network. We have come to say that the educational process in teaching collective physical and sports activities is based on educational goals and procedures and evaluation; and through this, the material of physical and sports education becomes a leading role as a result of developing the performance of teachers, and therefore this offering can be considered as a way to reform educational systems through the reform of educational materials.
Sokol idea: Idea for the 21st century
Authors: Pantelić-Babić Kristina , Mijatović Slađana , Gavrilović Dejan
Published: January 2021

Created by the idea of Miroslav Tyrš in the second half of the 19th century as a movement of spiritual and physical strengthening of the nation, sokolism soon spread to all countries where the Slavic people lived. In that way, it reached the territory of Herzegovina as well. However, what exactly was the idea of the sokol movement, what did it develop into in the first half of the 20th century in Herzegovina and whether it is an idea that can benefit a man of the 21st century as well, are just some of the questions that the authors deal with in this research. Although Miroslav Tyrš and his sokols are typical representatives of ethnocentrism, the sokolism of Herzegovina has expanded its ideas also in another direction. Using physical exercise as a gracious food for their body and truth and zeal as food for their soul, they may have been able to hint at what is an essential need almost a century later, and that is a theoanthropocentric way of approaching man which has been used more and more lately, especially in the field of physical culture. The appointed problems authors research using the method of theoretical analysis and historical method.
Ball and book as a system of values: Milovan Jaksic, life and work
Authors: Mihailović Igor
Published: January 2021

History is not often fair to some personalities who, in their own right, deserve to be recorded in the memory of a people. What would set Milovan Jaksic apart from any other top athlete and his successes is not significant and greater, but the circumstances in which he achieved world-wide fame and the time in which this was achieved deserve to be a reminder to younger generations. The sooner the result, with which he contributed as a part of the collective, to this day has not been surpassed in domestic football. In addition to the sporting success by which he is most recognized, until recently, in recent circles, and for the last ten or so years, work aims to look back on life and work after his sports career. It is related to the interests and aspirations of Jakšić from his boyhood days, and they are related to the book, which is especially significant from the aspect of correlation of sport and education. Also interesting is the human side of the famous goalkeeper, who came to the fore during difficult moments during World War II. Given that we, as a people, are committed to tradition, this work will also look at several major anniversaries associated with this man that are significant to national sports history. In the absence of literature, the paper relies on several monographic publications, as well as on newspaper articles and works of material from the Archives of Yugoslavia.
What is the biomechanical principle of forehand smash in badminton? Article review
Authors: Putra Gilang , Lumintuarso Ria
Published: January 2021

The pattern of human movement is strongly influenced by biomotor conditions, age development will affect the level of biomotor maturity. Forehand smash is one of the techniques that every badminton athlete must master well. To do this stroke well, a good movement pattern is needed, biomotor maturity which in this study is related to the age of the athlete. So that the development of age will cause differences in movement patterns which in this study analyzes the forehand smash movement patterns in badminton based on age. It is known that the most efficient badminton technique for gaining points in badminton is the smash. The smash-hit is more likely to produce a fast shuttle lock rate performed using the forehand smash technique. So that in this study the writer will analyze a technique in badminton, namely the forehand smash technique. These findings contribute to future research on the biomechanical analysis of forehand smash motion in badminton.
Whether to win at all costs? The athletes' attitudes towards fair play
Authors: Mitić Petar , Đurić Uroš , Mladenović Kristina , Đošić Anđela , Ranđelović Nebojša , Živković Danijela
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper was to determine the athletes' attitudes about fair play in sports, ie to determine whether there are differences in the athletes' attitudes towards fair play in sports concerning gender, professional or amateur sports status, and length of participation in sport. Also, the research aimed to formulate an adequate questionnaire to assess athletes' attitudes towards fair play. The sample of subjects consisted of 150 respondents. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes' attitudes towards fair play concerning the gender of the respondents in all three subscales of the questionnaire (aggressiveness in the game, orientation towards victory, and orientation towards enjoying the game). It was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes' attitudes in relation to professional or amateur sports status (sig. =.001). It was also found that there is no statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes' attitudes about fair play in sports in relation to the length of participation in sports (sig. =.698). A questionnaire with a high degree of internal consistency was constructed (Cronbach Alpha =.821).
Physical-motor development in children at elementary school: Article review
Authors: Susilowati Ani , Suwarjo S
Published: January 2021

Physical development is the growth and change that occurs in a person's body. The most obvious changes are changes in body shape and size. Meanwhile, motor development is the development of all forms of changes that occur progressively in a child's ability to be able to perform various movements obtained through the interaction between maturity factors and training or experience during life which can be seen through changes/movements made. In the learning process, it appears that student activities are very diverse. Starting from how they move, socialize, act, and interact with friends around them. Then from the skills of teachers in developing children's creativity so that they can produce children who have physical motor development who can adapt to the classroom environment, school, and outside of school. All these activities are positive so that they will be able to form and produce students who have great personalities, are intelligent, skilled, capable, creative, and have noble character. Suggestions for elementary school teachers are that it is necessary to provide learning that will foster students' interest in creating according to their imagination. As well as teachers can develop new media which will later be able to stimulate the physical-motor activities of students in the learning process. In the future, research is also needed to support the physical-motor development of elementary school children.
Institutional Quality. Human Capital and Industrial Sector Growth in Ecowas
Authors: Ologbenla Patrick
Published: January 2021

The industrial sector has been identified as a tool for effective economic diversification among developing countries but major challenges of the sector have been the institutional and human capital in these economies. Consequently, the need to re-assess the relationship among the three is pertinent. The study investigates empirically, the impacts of institutional quality and human capital on the industrial sector growth of the ECOWAS. The methodology adopted is quantitative with the use of panel data analysis. Findings from the analysis show that both human capital and institutional quality in the ECOWAS have not supported industrial growth significantly. However, the result shows that macroeconomic variables such as inflation rate and exchange rate have the largest effect on the growth of the industrial sector of ECOWAS. The study used ECOWAS that has not been used by any of the previous authors and the economic bloc is in dire need of economic diversification. It is recommended that ECOWAS countries should improve on their institutional quality and human capital development for them to be effective in promoting the growth of their industrial sector.
Microeconomic Foundation of the Phillips Curve
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: January 2021

It is an important problem to derive negative relation between the unemployment rate and the inflation rate, that is, the Phillips curve without market imperfection. We derive the Phillips curve using an overlapping generations model under monopolistic competition. We consider the effects of exogenous changes in labor productivity. An increase (decrease) in the labor productivity in a period induces a decrease (increase) in the employment, an increase (decrease) in the unemployment rate and a falling (rising) in the price of the goods in the same period. Then, given the price in the previous period the inflation rate falls (rises). This conclusion is based on the premise of utility maximization of consumers and profit maximization of firms. Therefore, we have presented a microeconomic foundation of the Phillips curve.
Internal Branding: Antecedents of Employee Attitudes, Satisfaction, and Organizational Loyalty
Authors: Scridon Mircea-Andrei
Published: January 2021

As competition between employers has become more intense in recent years, employee-based differentiation has become one of the strategic solutions for many organizations. The objective of this paper is to test a nomological model between internal branding, attitude, satisfaction, and loyalty. Data were collected through a survey among employees of a leading electronics conglomerate from Romania. While the relationship between attitudes and loyalty is partially mediated by satisfaction, the relationship between internal branding and satisfaction is indirect, with full mediation by attitudes being detected. The results of the study agree with previous studies, which suggested that internal branding influenced certain employee behaviors, such as positive attitudes, satisfaction, or loyalty.
Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Southern Africa
Authors: Mhlanga David , Denhere Varaidzo
Published: January 2021

The study sought to establish the drivers of financial inclusion in Southern Africa with a specific focus on South Africa. Financial inclusion has been a topic of global interest due to the negative impact of financial exclusion in addressing socio-economic issues like poverty. Using the logit model, the study discovered that financial inclusion is driven by age, education level, the total salary proxy of income, race, gender, and marital status. The variable gender was the only factor with a negative influence on financial inclusion all other significant variables had a positive influence on financial inclusion. As a result, governments in Africa should encourage the use of financial services and products among women, Black Africans, Coloureds and the youths. Products and services tailor-made to satisfy the needs of these groups should be designed to improve financial inclusion among them. This initiative will go a long way in addressing poverty, inequality, and unemployment in the country.
Rotating Detonation: History, Results, Problems
Authors: Vasil’ev Anatoly A.
Published: January 2021

Among of modern papers devoted to numerical modeling of rotated waves the greater part of papers are based on assumption that such wave propagates with velocity equals to the Chapman-Jouguet velocity of ideal detonation model with plane front. But the experimental velocities of rotated detonation waves, as a rule, are less (and even much less) the velocity of ideal Chapman-Jouguet detonation. Such regimes are named as low-velocity detonation or quasi-detonation and its characteristics are practically not investigated carefully. Moreover, similar to the spinning detonation, the strong connection of velocity of rotated transverse waves with the acoustic waves of reaction products was observed. So the new model with an allowance for the losses of impulse and energy must be used at numerical modeling of RDE and new experimental investigations of regimes with understated velocity must be carried out. In given paper some important aspects of rotated detonation waves and new experimental results are analyzed: the multifront system of rotated waves; correlation of rotation velocity of waves with acoustic characteristics of reaction products; streak-records trajectory of rotated waves on moving film; pressure and temperature profiles of rotating waves; velocity deficit and energy-release.
Aircraft Turbine Engine Automatic Control Based on Adaptive Dynamic Models
Authors: Yepifanov Sergiy
Published: January 2021

One of the most perspective development directions of the aircraft engine is the application of adaptive digital automatic control systems (ACS). The significant element of the adaptation is the correction of mathematical models of both engine and its executive, measuring devices. These models help to solve tasks of control and are a combination of static models and dynamic models, as static models describe relations between parameters at steady-state modes, and dynamic ones characterize deviations of the parameters from static values.

The work considers problems of the models’ correction using parametric identification methods. It is shown that the main problem of the precise engine simulation is the correction of the static model. A robust procedure that is based on a wide application of a priori information about performances of the engine and its measuring system is proposed for this purpose. One of many variants of this procedure provides an application of the non-linear thermodynamic model of the working process and estimation of individual corrections to the engine components’ characteristics with further substitution of the thermodynamic model by approximating on-board static model. Physically grounded estimates are obtained based on a priori information setting about the estimated parameters and engine performances, using fuzzy sets.

Executive devices (actuators) and the most inertial temperature sensors require correction to their dynamic models. Researches showed, in case that the data for identification are collected during regular operation of ACS, the estimates of dynamic model parameters can be strongly correlated that reasons inadmissible errors.

The reason is inside the substantial limitations on transients’ intensity that contain regular algorithms of acceleration/deceleration control. Therefore, test actions on the engine are required. Their character and minimum composition are determined using the derived relations between errors in model coefficients, measurement process, and control action parameters.
UAV Flight Safety System Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Shcherban Anastasiia , Ieremenko Volodymyr
Published: January 2021

The article proposes a method of deciding on the continuation or termination of the UAV flight on the basis of fuzzy logic to ensure its trouble-free flight, which will be used in the future to build an onboard monitoring system of the power supply of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The developed method of decision-making allows to determine the residual battery life on the basis of data on current voltage, battery temperature, temperature on board the UAV and the direction and strength of the wind, using which the computer system will make recommendations for continuing or terminating the UAV flight task. The method of decision-making using fuzzy logic involves the formation of linguistic variables, which are the input information parameters and the output decision, their linguistic terms and membership functions, as well as a system of rules for decision-making. The voltage at the output of the battery, its surface temperature and the wind direction on board the UAV were used as input variables, and the residual battery life was used as the output linguistic variable.
Review on the Rotating Detonation Engine and It’s Typical Problems
Authors: Xie Qiaofeng , Ji Zifei , Wen Haocheng , Ren Zhaoxin , Wolanski Piotr , Wang Bing
Published: January 2021

Detonation is a promising combustion mode to improve engine performance, increase combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and enhance thermal cycle efficiency. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made towards the applications of detonation mode in engines, such as standing detonation engine (SDE), Pulse detonation engine (PDE) and rotating detonation engine (RDE), and the understanding of the fundamental chemistry and physics processes in detonation engines via experimental and numerical studies. This article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress in the knowledge of rotating detonation engine from the different countries. New observations of injection, ignition, and geometry of combustor, pressure feedback, and combustion modes of RDE have been reported. These findings and advances have provided new opportunities in the development of rotating detonation for practical applications. Finally, we point out the current gaps in knowledge to indicate which areas future research should be directed at.
Openfinger: Towards a Combination of Discriminative Power of Fingerprints and Finger Vein Patterns in Multimodal Biometric System
Authors: Kovač Ivan , Marák Pavol
Published: January 2021

Multimodal biometric systems are nowadays considered as state of the art subject. Since identity establishment in everyday situations has become very significant and rather difficult, there is a need for reliable means of identification. Multimodal systems establish identity based on more than one biometric trait. Hence one of their most significant advantages is the ability to provide greater recognition accuracy and resistance against the forgery. Many papers have proposed various combinations of biometric traits. However, there is an inferior number of solutions demonstrating the use of fingerprint and finger vein patterns. Our main goal was to contribute to this particular field of biometrics.

In this paper, we propose OpenFinger, an automated solution for identity recognition utilizing fingerprint and finger vein pattern which is robust to finger displacement as well as rotation. Evaluation and experiments were conducted using SDUMLA-HMT multimodal database. Our solution has been implemented using C++ language and is distributed as a collection of Linux shared libraries.

First, fingerprint images are enhanced by means of adaptive filtering where Gabor filter plays the most significant role. On the other hand, finger vein images require the bounding rectangle to be accurately detected in order to focus just on useful biometric pattern. At the extraction stage, Level-2 features are extracted from fingerprints using deep convolutional network using a popular Caffe framework. We employ SIFT and SURF features in case of finger vein patterns. Fingerprint features are matched using closed commercial algorithm developed by Suprema, whereas finger vein features are matched using OpenCV library built-in functions, namely the brute force matcher and the FLANN-based matcher. In case of SIFT features score normalization is conducted by means of double sigmoid, hyperbolic tangens, Z-score and Min-Max functions.

On the side of finger veins, the best result was obtained by a combination of SIFT features, brute force matcher with scores normalized by hyperbolic tangens method. In the end, fusion of both biometric traits is done on a score level basis. Fusion was done by means of sum and mean methods achieving 2.12% EER. Complete evaluation is presented in terms of general indicators such as FAR/FRR and ROC.
On Some Combinatorial Properties of P (r, n)-Pell Quaternions
Authors: Bród Dorota , Szynal-Liana Anetta
Published: January 2021

In this paper we introduce a new one parameter generalization of the Pell quaternions – P (r, n)-Pell quaternions. We give some of their properties, among others the Binet formula, convolution identity and the generating function.
On J(r, n)-Jacobsthal Hybrid Numbers
Authors: Bród Dorota , Szynal-Liana Anetta
Published: January 2021

In this paper we introduce a generalization of Jacobsthal hybrid numbers – J(r, n)-Jacobsthal hybrid numbers. We give some of their properties: character, Binet’s formula, a summation formula and a generating function.
On the Combinatorial Properties of Bihyperbolic Balancing Numbers
Authors: Bród Dorota , Szynal-Liana Anetta , Włoch Iwona
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we introduce bihyperbolic balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers. We give some of their properties, among others the Binet formula, Catalan, Cassini, d’Ocagne identities and the generating function.
A Note on Expansions of Rational Numbers by Certain Series
Authors: Serbenyuk Symon
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with representations of rational numbers defined in terms of numeral systems that are certain generalizations of the classical q-ary numeral system.
Generalizations of Certain Representations of Real Numbers
Authors: Serbenyuk Symon
Published: January 2021

In the present paper, real number representations that are generalizations of classical positive and alternating representations of numbers, are introduced and investigated. The main metric relation, properties of cylinder sets are proven. The theorem on the representation of real numbers from a certain interval is formulated.

One of the peculiarities of the research presented in this paper, is introducing numeral systems with mixed bases (i.e., with bases containing positive and negative numbers). In 2016, an idea of a corresponding analytic representation of numbers was presented in [14, Serbenyuk, S.:On some generalizations of real numbers representations, arXiv:1602.07929v1]. These investigations were presented in [15, Serbenyuk, S.:Generalizations of certain representations of real numbers, arXiv:1801.10540] in January 2018.

Also, an idea of such investigations was presented by the author of this paper at the conference in 2015 (see [9, Serbenyuk, S.:Quasi-nega-Q˜\tilde QQ-representation as a generalization of a representation of real numbers by certain sign-variable series,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303255656]).
On Some Multinomial Sums Related to the Fibonacci Type Numbers
Authors: Włoch Iwona , Włoch Andrzej
Published: January 2021

In this paper we investigate Fibonacci type sequences defined by kth order linear recurrence. Based on their companion matrix and its graph interpretation we determine multinomial and binomial formulas for these sequences. Moreover we present a graphical rule for calculating the words of these sequences from the Pascal’s triangle.
Pelaksanaan Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Aspek Visite Di Rumah Sakit X Sesuai Peraturan Perundangan
Authors: Dwidhananta I Made Sasmita , Wirasuta I Made Agus Gelgel
Published: January 2021

One of the pharmacists practice in the implementation of pharmacy services for patients is through visite. This study is to determine the implementation of the visite of pharmaceutical services standards at X Hospital with applicable laws and regulations. This research is observational descriptive study. Accidental sampling technique and in-depth interview are used to obtain observation and interview data. The implementation of pharmacy service standards for visite aspects at X Hospital has been in accordance with the laws and regulations of visite. Evaluation results that show patient evaluation and assessment of patient drug regimens by pharmacists have been carried out well, while the current patient planning consultation and administration of drug consultations for returning patients are sufficient. Factors that become obstacles in the implementation of visite at X Hospital are the limited of pharmacists, overload tasks, limited time, lack of motivation, and the not effective of hospital management system.

Pelaksanaan pelayanan kefarmasian pada pasien salah satunya berupa praktik apoteker ruang rawat melalui kegiatan visite. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan standar pelayanan kefarmasian aspek visite di RS X sesuai peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional. Teknik accidental sampling dengan indepth interview digunakan untuk memperoleh data observasi dan wawancara. Pelaksanaan standar pelayanan kefarmasian aspek visite di RS X telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan serta pedoman visite. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan akurasi riwayat pengobatan pasien dan pengkajian rejimen obat pasien oleh apoteker telah dilakukan dengan baik, sedangkan penilaian perencanaan pengobatan pasien saat ini dan pemberian konsultasi obat kepada pasien pulang tergolong cukup. Faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam pelaksanaan visite di RS X adalah jumlah apoteker yang terbatas, banyaknya tugas apoteker, waktu pelaksanaan yang terbatas, motivasi apoteker rendah, serta sistem manajemen rumah sakit yang belum efektif.
Epileptic Seizure Classification using Deep Batch Normalization Neural Network
Authors: Purnomo Adenuar , Tjandrasa Handayani
Published: January 2021

Epilepsy is a chronic noncommunicable brain disease. Manual inspection of long-term Electroencephalogram (EEG) records for detecting epileptic seizures or other diseases that lasted several days or weeks is a time-consuming task. Therefore, this research proposes a novel epileptic seizure classification architecture called the Deep Batch Normalization Neural Network (Deep BN3), a BN3 architecture with a deeper layer to classify big epileptic seizure data accurately. The raw EEG signals are first to cut into pieces and passed through the bandpass filter. The dataset is very imbalanced, so an undersampling technique was used to produce a balanced sample of data for the training and testing dataset. Furthermore, the balanced data is used to train the Deep BN3 architecture. The resulting model classifies the EEG signal as an epileptic seizure or non-seizure. The classification of epileptic seizures using Deep BN3 obtained pretty good results compared to other architectures used in this research, with an accuracy of 53.61%.
Design of Web Virtual Reality for Job Interview Preparation Simulation
Authors: Anggoro Pius Dian Widi
Published: January 2021

The implementation of Virtual Reality (VR) in education is a breakthrough in using technology to support the teaching-learning system. This study will provide more knowledge about the use of VR in English classes. Students can practice answering interview questions in their own place, as often as they need. Students also can practice answering interview questions. This research is use VR technology in a web platform for job interview simulation cases. In the early stages, the evaluation to review the use of VR technology that running on low-specification smartphones (Low-Cost Device), which require a lower internet connection. The WebVR and React 360 libraries were used to develop the virtual environments and JavaScript for the language. The Web Speech API was used to convert the test into conversations by taking questions from the web service on the Moodle learning platform that was connected to PostgreSQL. The first test methods were the web application performance, then followed by Alpha Testing, a validation test by media and material experts. Than it continued in Beta Testing where a product test by 15 English class students participants. The data collection technique used a questionnaire that has to be answered by the participants. The validity and reliability tests were carried out for product usage test. The results obtained from the assessment of media experts and participant provide an assessment score of 83.10 from the experts and 77.58 from the users. The average score obtained is 80.34 which is included in the feasible category. Therefore, this learning media is ready to be used to support learning in English class.
Data Security for School Service Top-Up Transactions Based on AES Combination Blockchain Technology
Authors: Fadlil Abdul , Riadi Imam , Nugrahantoro Achmad
Published: January 2021

The application of Blockchain technology has begun to be widely accommodated in industrial and business practitioner environments as a safeguard of transaction security so that now including the education sector, non-business institutions enjoy the use of this technology to support the learning process. Information on the protected Blockchain can be in the form of transactions, assets, identities, and other information packaged in digital form. Information is collected in the form of blocks that are interrelated by using the hash function as cryptographic encryption. This research uses Blockchain for online pocket money top-up transactions for students. The use of a centralized Blockchain is centralized to reduce server procurement costs, but to increase the security of transaction information, modification of each block series is carried out using the AES cryptographic approach. The results showed that the attack by inserting a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) script if you want to know the value of the top-up transaction amount, you must be able to hack the cryptographic process. This is supported by chain validation testing to determine how many block changes have been changed.
Modeling of Solar Radiation Using the Wavelet Neural Network Model in Mataram City Lombok Island
Authors: Bahri Syamsul
Published: January 2021

Sunlight is a source of energy for living things in general. In reality, the intensity of solar radiation is an environmental parameter that has positive and negative impacts on human life in particular. Furthermore, the knowledge on the characteristics of solar radiation, including its distribution pattern, is considered by many circles, both policy-makers and researchers in the environmental field. This study aims to create a solar radiation model in response to meteorological factors such as wind speed, air pressure and temperature, humidity, and rainfall using the Wavelet Neural Network (WNN). The modeling of solar radiation in this study is carried out by simultaneously utilizing its advantages as a hybrid model that combines the neural network model and the wavelet method. These advantages through the learning process (supervised learning) are multiplied through the use of the wavelet transform as a pre-processing data method and two type wavelets function, B-spline and Morlet wavelets, as an activation function in the neural network learning process. The WNN model was analyzed in two cases of meteorological variables, which are with and without rainfall. The results based on the root of the mean square error (RMSE) indicator show that the WNN model in these two cases is quite accurate. Meanwhile, the other indicator shows that the interval of the data distribution from the model is within the actual range. This implies that the predicted intensity of the solar radiation will be in a safe position in its adverse effect when the model is used as a reference.
USING THE BLENDED LEARNING AS AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING IN THE PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Hilmi Danial , Ifawati Nur Ila
Published: January 2021

Arabic language learning in the modern era demands mastery of technology in all fields, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic which requires learning assistance. Therefore, the use of blended learning needs to be addressed in the Arabic teaching and learning process. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of Arabic teaching through blended learning and using blended learning as an alternative model to Arabic language learning in the pandemic era. The study used mixed method that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches descriptively. The data were obtained from interviews, documentation and the results of a survey of the Arabic language learning process obtained from Arabic language teachers. The results showed that the implementation of Arabic language learning through blended learning using a platform that is considered effective according to the conditions of the teacher and students, and the use of blended learning is actually an alternative to implementing face-to-face learning to provide monitoring of language habits.
La pré-structure diégétique et le théâtre de la plénitude amoureuse ou deux visions de l’arbre dans la série romanesque d’Émile Zola, "Les Rougon-Macquart"
Authors: Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska Anna
Published: January 2021

L’article analyse deux formes que prend le motif de l’arbre dans Les Rougon-Macquart, série de romanesque d’Émile Zola. La première, celle que l’on peut appeler « sociale » correspond à l’arbre généalogique des personnages formant la famille romanesque ; la création de cet arbre et la préparation d’informations détaillées sur chaque héros et ses destinées ont précédé le début des travaux sur la série, ce qui en fait de lui une sorte de sa pré-structure. La deuxième forme sous laquelle l’arbre apparaît dans les textes analysés est la forme « naturelle », associée à la nature (l’arbre comme plante) et saturée de symboles liés à l’amour et à la fertilité. Les deux formes partagent une référence à la vie comme valeur suprême et thème de base de la littérature naturaliste.
Od pramatki kiedry do wnuczki jabłonki. Historie rodowe w „Listach z nieba” Stanisława Vincenza
Authors: Serafin Ewa
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest próbą rekonstrukcji historii rodowych Szumejów, bohaterów cyklu Na wysokiej połoninie Stanisława Vincenza. Najciekawszym motywem opowieści jest pochodzenie rodu od drzew. Zanalizowane zostały deskrypcje drzew oraz konsekwencje niezwykłego pochodzenia dla kreacji bohaterów. Wyróżniono obrazy kiedry: wojownik, gazda, matka rodu, drzewo żywota i umierania. Cechami odziedziczonymi przez potomków kiedry są: wytrwałość, nieugiętość oraz troskliwość i zaufanie do świata. Z uwagi na patrylinearną strukturę rodu kobiety są na drugim planie rodowych historii, brak w nich narratorki, ostatnia kobieta z rodu umiera. Na płaszczyźnie społecznej i symbolicznej nie istnieje pokoleniowa więź między kobietami. W artykule uwzględniono również zawarte w dziejach rodu symboliczne odniesienia do historii zbawienia.
Drzewo kobiet. Matrylinearność w „Nieczułości” Martyny Bundy
Authors: Ładoń Monika
Published: January 2021

Artykuł dotyczy powieści Martyny Bundy Nieczułość. Autorka tekstu bada relacje między matką, seniorką rodu, a jej trzema córkami. Interesuje ją ukazana w powieści rekonstrukcja drzewa genealogicznego, która wzmacnia jedynie kobiece gałęzie, unieważniając części męskie. Martyna Bunda już w otwierającej książkę dedykacji zdradziła, jak ważne jest dla niej kobiece uniwersum, ale postrzegane niezwykle dynamicznie, relacyjnie. Taki sposób postrzegania związków między matką a córką oraz kategorii córectwa i siotrzeństwa w ostatnich latach jest  przedmiotem wielu ciekawych analiz w obrębie filozofii feministycznej, literaturoznawstwa i nauk społecznych. Autorka artykułu skupia swoją uwagę także na kategoriach traumy i rany jako czynnikach w szczególny sposób modelujących relacje między bohaterkami powieści.
Drzewa i lasy w kalendarzach przyrodniczych dla dzieci wydawanych w PRL-u
Authors: Staniów Bogumiła
Published: January 2021

Przedmiotem rozważań jest analiza znaczeń i funkcji przypisywanych drzewom i ich skupiskom w kalendarzach przyrodniczych dla dzieci z czasów PRL-u. W książkach tych zastosowano kilka strategii wykorzystywania drzew w komunikacji z młodym czytelnikiem. W opisach wstępnych, „zagajających”, ich obraz pomaga w ukazaniu atmosfery, na przykład klimatu nowej pory roku (1), w opisach konkretnych zjawisk / elementów przyrodniczych pozwala na jego uszczegółowienie (2). Jest też elementem budzącym refleksję historyczną – o trwaniu i przemijaniu (3). Dary lasu są przedstawiane w kalendarzach przyrody jako istotny element pożywienia ludzi i zwierząt (4) oraz jako ciekawy przedmiot dziecięcej zabawy (5). Zwłaszcza w trzech pierwszych zastosowaniach autorzy opisów chętnie przedstawiali drzewa i las w formie metaforycznej. Ukazane zostały wszystkie wyżej wymienione zastosowaniadrzew i lasu w trzech publikacjach o charakterze kalendarza przyrodniczego: w Głosie przyrody Marii Kownackiej i Marii Kowalewskiej (t. 1–2, 1963), Razem ze słonkiem Marii Kownackiej (t. 1–6, 1975–1978). Zasięg chronologiczny ograniczono do lat 1945–1989, gdyż po transformacji ustrojowej na rynku wydawniczym ukazało się wiele edycji podobnych książek przyrodniczych, jednak były one wydawane na licencjach zagranicznych i miały już całkiem inny charakter.
Drzewa w „Listach moralnych" Seneki Filozofa
Authors: Budzanowska-Weglenda Dominika
Published: January 2021

Seneka Młodszy w Listach moralnych jawi się jako filozof stoicki, dając swemu przyjacielowi Lucyliuszowi wiele praktycznych porad. Ilustruje je różnymi przykładami z życia i otaczającego go świata, odwołuje się także do drzew. Mądrość stoicką przyrównuje do lasu lub do owocującego drzewa, las stanowi dla niego pomoc w refleksji nad Bogiem. Filozof objaśnia drzewa jako istnienia mające pierwowzory oraz jako stworzenia cielesne, ale niemające duchaani rozumu, a zatem i prawdziwego dobra. W niektórych wypowiedziach Seneka krytykuje współczesne mu umiłowanie zbytku – wychwala ludzi złotego wieku, którzy zadowalali się tym, co dawała im natura, mieszkali w drzewach, z drzew robili odzienie. Natomiast drewniane ściany i sufity pokryte marmurem i złotem nie dają ludziom szczęścia. Drzewa pokazują Senece także, ile czasu już przeminęło, a opadające liście przypominają o nieuchronnościśmierci. Zajmowanie się rolnictwem może być ważne w starości, dawać przyjemność i być pożytecznym.
>>Cudownie nieartykułowana mowa dźwięków<<. Muzyczno-literacki motyw lipy w pieśni piątej z „Winterreise” Franza Schuberta i „Der Lindenbaum” Wilhelma Müllera w przekładzie Stanisława Barańczaka
Authors: Wyciślik Karolina
Published: January 2021

W 1827 roku Franz Schubert wydał cykl pieśni Winterreise. Z kolei 167 lat później Stanisław Barańczak opublikował tom Podróż zimowa. Wiersze do muzyki Franza Schuberta. Romantyczna pieśń zapoczątkowana przez austriackiego kompozytora dała nową sposobność do przekazania ekspresji poprzez słowo śpiewane i towarzyszącą muzykę. Artykuł na podstawie Pieśni V, zatytułowanej Der Lindenbaum (Lipa), przedstawia korelacje zachodzące na płaszczyźnie między Schubertem, Wilhelmem Müllerem a Barańczakiem. Jest to jedyny wiersz w cyklu, który Barańczak przełożył z języka niemieckiego. Powstające we wspólnym muzyczno-literackim obszarze sensy autorka lokuje w różnych systemach  znaczeniowych: tekstu literackiego, możliwych sytuacjach intertekstualnych oraz istnienia dzieła literackiego wobec muzyki, i odpowiada na pytanie, jak w tej sytuacji topika drzewa znaczy w wierszu Barańczaka połączonym z muzyką Schuberta.
Rola drzew w poezji Urszuli Zajączkowskiej odczytywana przez pryzmat ekopoetyki
Authors: Koza Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Artykuł poświęcony został ekopoetyckiej lekturze wierszy Urszuli Zajączkowskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem drzew pojawiających się w wierszach z tomików Atomy (2014) i minimum (2017). Pod uwagę wzięto przede wszystkim stosunek podmiotu mówiącego do drzew (także szerzej – flory), ich funkcję oraz znaczenie, jakie niosą w poszczególnych tekstach. Wyodrębniono dwa typy podmiotu, którymi są podmiot wrażliwiec i podmiot scjentysta. Okazało się, że są one stale ze sobą skorelowane, a przez to wspólnie wyrażają szczególne miejsce drzew w tej poezji. Analiza tekstów wykazała, że u Zajączkowskiej lasy odgrywają niebagatelną rolę – umożliwiają ucieczkę od świata, jednocześnie będąc świadkiem historii ludzkości i pojedynczego człowieka. Z tomików wyniknęła także istotna nieantropocentryczna konstatacja, że drzewa podobne są do gatunku homo sapiens. Odczuwają one ból, mają krwiobieg, a z ich ciał można odczytywać wiele informacji  dotyczących życia.
Anita Całek, „Nowa teoria listu”
Authors: Olma Marceli
Published: January 2021

Anita Całek, „Nowa teoria listu” [Recenzja książki: Anita Całek, „Nowa teoria listu”, Biblioteka Jagiellońska – Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2019, ss. 452]
Stawka większa niż las
Authors: Szaj Patryk
Published: January 2021

Stawka większa niż las [Recenzja książki: „O jeden las za daleko. Demokracja, kapitalizm i nieposłuszeństwo ekologiczne w Polsce”, red. Przemysław Czapliński, Joanna B. Bednarek, Dawid Gostyński, Książka i Prasa, Warszawa 2019, ss. 365]
„cytowałam zdania z wnętrza drzew”. „minimum” Urszuli Zajączkowskiej
Authors: Gralewicz-Wolny Iwona
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest próbą lektury ostatniego tomiku poezji Urszuli Zajączkowskiej tropem trzech zamieszczonych w nim wierszy: w koronach, miejsce przy oknie i wysokie drzewa. Wszystkie odwołują się do wątków dendrologicznych, reprezentując tym samym jeden z kilku, lecz być może najważniejszy obszar przyrodniczych zainteresowań autorki Atomów. Wymienione utwory zostały potraktowane w interpretacji jako emblematy pojęć, odpowiednio, kontaktu, komunikacji i kreacji, wyznaczając kierunki lektury pozostałych zgromadzonych w tomie wierszy.
Botaniczne konceptualizacje pamięci Mirona Białoszewskiego
Authors: Rydz Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Artykuł został zainspirowany esejami Georga Simmla, niemieckiego filozofa (Most i drzwi) oraz książką Douwego Draaismy, holenderskiego teoretyka pamięci, Fabryka nostalgii. O fenomenie pamięci wieku dojrzałego (2010). Omawiam zjawisko osobistych wspomnień poety, czyli reminiscencje. Reprezentacja pamięci w poezji Białoszewskiego została przedstawiona na przykładach: anamnezy, upamiętnienia, zapomnienia. Botaniczne motywy pełnią tu funkcję medium pamięci.
>>Puszcza Białowieska rośnie na osadach ludzkich<< – las i pamięć
Authors: Sawicka-Mierzyńska Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie specyfiki lasu jako miejsca pamięci, a punktem wyjścia – historia ukrytych w puszczy mogił ofiar Romualda Rajsa „Burego”. Kwestia lokalizacji ich grobów, a później – formy upamiętnienia, stanowi przykład konfliktów pamięci, do jakich często dochodzi na terenach o złożonej historii i niejednorodnej strukturze etnicznej, a do takich należy Podlasie. Wydarzenia 1946 roku i ich konsekwencje dla kolejnych pokoleń mieszkańców Hajnówki stały się faktograficzną kanwą kryminału Katarzyny Bondy Okularnik, którego interpretacja stanowi zasadniczą część zawartych w artykule rozważań. Las, ze względu na swoje ambiwalentne atrybuty i kulturowe konotacje, takie jak nieprzejrzystość, miejsce schronienia / zagrożenia, bliskość / obcość, trwałość / zmienność, okazuje się jedną z kluczowych metafor służących opisaniu trudnej wspólnotowej pamięci, którą ukrywa / utajnia i zabezpiecza zarazem. Zastosowana w artykule perspektywa badawcza to pamięcioznawstwo, ważna jest również kategoria nekropolityki w wersji Ewy Domańskiej.