bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative hair structure in the Lutrinae (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
Authors: Kuhn Rachel A. , Meyer Wilfried
Published: August 2010

The hair structure of the Lutrinae has been analysed to see if the different species could be identified using hair characteristics and also to determine if the hair characteristics have an adaptive value or are influenced by the phylogeny of the group. The macroscopic (colour, morphology, length, width) and microscopic (cross-section, medulla, cuticle) characteristics of the primary hairs (PHs), which are more species-specific, and also the length and width of the secondary hairs of each of the 13 known otter species were examined. The PHs of the different species showed many similar characteristics, but also some significant divergences. It was not possible to identify every species confidently because of great similarities in medulla and cuticle structure. Apparently, the macroscopic and microscopic hair structure in the Lutrinae has been influenced by both phylogenetic relationships and adaptive pressures. An influence of the climate and of the association to water could be recognized.
Southernmost record of the Sanborn's big-eared bat, Micronycteris sanborni (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Ferreira Santos Carolina , Nogueira Marcelo Rodrigues , Cunha Nicolay Leme da , Felipe Alves da Cunha Carvalho Luiz , Fischer Erich
Published: August 2010

No abstract available
What can incisor microwear reveal about the diet of ungulates?
Authors: Rivals Florent , Semprebon Gina M.
Published: August 2010

We analyzed dental wear patterns on molars and incisors of modern plains zebra (Equus quagga) from a single locality in Kenya and from a single breeding population. Our objective was to explore the potential of incisor microwear in terms of elucidating ungulate diet as well as the various chewing patterns of different incisors and molar teeth among various age classes. We found significant inter-tooth variation of the microwear signal among different incisors and, not unexpectedly, that incisors do not reveal the same dietary signal as molar teeth. Such differences are related here to differential chewing forces (shearing vs compression) along the tooth row. We find no significant differences among various zebra age classes in terms of their mesowear and microwear patterns, providing additional evidence that the mesowear signal is consistent and stable throughout the adult lifespan of an individual. These findings indicate that there is no age segregation in terms of access to food resources in this particular breeding population.
Microstrains Around Standard and Mini Implants Supporting Different Bridge Designs
Authors: Sallam Hanaa , Kheiralla Lamia Sayed , Aldawakly Alzahra
Published: August 2010

The purpose of the study was to analyze microstrains around small- versus standard-diameter implants used in restoration of thin wiry ridge through different bridge designs. Additionally, influence of the site of occlusal vertical loading was evaluated using strain gauges. Two models simulating mandibular unilateral free-end saddle were fabricated. Two standard-size implants (3.75 × 13 mm) were inserted in one model in the position of the second premolar and first molar to support 2 3-unit cantilever bridges (NiCr alloy). On the other model, a standard implant and a mini implant (3.0 × 13 mm) were inserted in the position of the second premolar and second molar, respectively, to support 2 fixed-fixed 3-unit NiCr bridges. Four strain gauges were mounted buccally, lingually, mesially, and distally adjacent to each implant. The prostheses were temporarily cemented. A 300 N vertical load was applied on the middle of the horizontal runner bar connecting the prosthetic units and on the center of the pontics. Microstrains were recorded and analyzed. Cantilever bridges recorded higher microstrains than fixed-fixed bridges for both loading conditions. Yet, for both designs, loading on the horizontal runner bars, which apply an equal load on all bridge units simultaneously, resulted in significantly lower microstrain values than applying the load only on the pontics. Mini implant revealed greater strain values than standard implant supporting the same fixed partial denture. The best treatment option that produced the least microstrains was the fixed-fixed bridge with a mini implant as a terminal abutment. Mini implants induced higher microstrains than standard implants.
Effect of Surgical Guide Design and Surgeon's Experience on the Accuracy of Implant Placement
Authors: Hinckfuss Simon , Conrad Heather J. , Lin Lianshan , Lunos Scott , Seong Wook-Jin
Published: August 2010

Implant position is a key determinant of esthetic and functional success. Achieving the goal of ideal implant position may be affected by case selection, prosthodontically driven treatment planning, site preparation, surgeon's experience and use of a surgical guide. The combined effect of surgical guide design, surgeon's experience, and size of the edentulous area on the accuracy of implant placement was evaluated in a simulated clinical setting. Twenty-one volunteers were recruited to participate in the study. They were divided evenly into 3 groups (novice, intermediate, and experienced). Each surgeon placed implants in single and double sites using 4 different surgical guide designs (no guide, tube, channel, and guided) and written instructions describing the ideal implant positions. A definitive typodont was constructed that had 3 implants in prosthetically determined ideal positions of single and double sites. The position and angulation of implants placed by the surgeons in the duplicate typodonts was measured using a computerized coordinate measuring machine and compared to the definitive typodont. The mean absolute positional error for all guides was 0.273, 0.340, 0.197 mm in mesial-distal, buccal-lingual, vertical positions, respectively, with an overall range of 0.00 to 1.81 mm. The mean absolute angle error for all guides was 1.61° and 2.39° in the mesial-distal and buccal-lingual angulations, respectively, with an overall range of 0.01° to 9.7°. Surgical guide design had a statistically significant effect on the accuracy of implant placement regardless of the surgeon's experience level. Experienced surgeons had significantly less error in buccal-lingual angulation. The size of the edentulous sites was found to affect both implant angle and position significantly. The magnitude of error in position and angulation caused by surgical guide design, surgeon's experience, and site size reported in this study are possibly not large enough to be clinically significant; however, it is likely that errors would be magnified in clinical practice. Future research is recommended to evaluate the effect of surgical guide design in vivo on implant angulation and position error.
Esthetic and Functional Reconstruction of the Posttumoral Interrupted Mandible With Double-Barrel Fibular Free Flap Graft: Rationale for a Microsurgical and Prosthodontic Approach
Authors: Paranque Armand-Régis , Steve Marc , Vazquez Lydia , Bolleyn Alain , Roze-Pellat Marie-Andrée , Dohan Ehrenfest David M.
Published: August 2010

Reconstruction after substantial osseous, cutaneous, and muscular tissue loss following a mandibular resection is a challenge. The use of a fibular free flap is an outstanding, but delicate, treatment option. These grafts, using the double-barrel technique, can achieve an almost complete reconstruction of the mandibular defect. The challenge posed by these treatments is to achieve an end result that is both functional and esthetically pleasing—an endeavor that requires a defined prosthetic plan prior to complete microsurgical reconstruction. Using a detailed clinical case, this article discusses the importance of planning the mandible reconstruction with double-barrel fibular graft in view of an implant-supported fixed partial denture. Immediate implant loading was even possible in this case. This approach allows improvement of the final esthetic and functional result of such a complex rehabilitation. Maxillofacial reconstructive surgery should seek to establish a near-as-normal anatomic situation that will allow a permanent implant rehabilitation that is both esthetic and durable.
Evaluation of chondrocyte death in canine osteochondral explants exposed to a 0.5% solution of bupivacaine
Authors: Hennig Geoffrey S. , Hosgood Giselle , Bubenik-Angapen Loretta J. , Lauer Susanne K. , Morgan Timothy W.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate chondrocyte death in canine articular cartilage exposed in vitro to bupivacaine with and without methylparaben and to compare viability for cartilage with intact or mechanically debrided surfaces.

Sample Population—Both glenohumeral joints from 10 adult canine cadavers.

Procedures—10 osteochondral cores were harvested from each of the 20 humeral heads; synovium and 1 core from each joint were examined to verify joint health, and the other 9 cores were exposed to canine chondrocyte culture medium (CCCM), a 0.5% solution of bupivacaine, or 0.5% solution of bupivacaine with methylparaben for 5, 15, or 30 minutes.

Results—For the superficial zone of surface-intact chondrocytes, bupivacaine with methylparaben caused a significantly higher percentage of chondrocyte death at 5 minutes (47.7%) than did bupivacaine (23.6%) or CCCM (25.4%). Bupivacaine (53.8%) and bupivacaine with methylparaben (62.5%) caused a significantly higher percentage of chondrocyte death at 30 minutes than did CCCM (20.0%). For the superficial zone of chondrocytes with debrided surfaces, bupivacaine with methylparaben caused a significantly higher percentage of chondrocyte death at 30 minutes (59%) than it did at 5 minutes (37.7%). Bupivacaine with methylparaben caused a significantly higher percentage of chondrocyte death at 30 minutes (59.0%) than did CCCM (28.9%). For middle and deep zones of chondrocytes, treatment solution and surface debridement had minimal effects on percentage of chondrocyte death.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bupivacaine and bupivacaine with methylparaben were cytotoxic to canine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Intra-articular administration of bupivacaine is not recommended for clinical use until additional studies are conducted.
Generators of existence varieties of regular rings and complemented Arguesian lattices
Authors: Herrmann Christian , Semenova Marina
Published: August 2010

We proved in an earlier work that any existence variety of regular algebras is generated by its simple unital Artinian members, while any existence variety of Arguesian sectionally complemented lattices is generated by its simple members of finite length. A characterization of the class of simple unital Artinian members [members of finite length, respectively] of such varieties is given in the present paper.
Growth and yield performance of different generations of seed potato as affected by PVY and PLRV
Authors: Rahman MS , Akanda AM , Mian IH , Bhuian MKA , Karim MR
Published: August 2010

Performance of potato seed tubers of first, second, third, fourth, and fifth generations were evaluated against PVY and PLRV. Potato plants grown from first generation seed tubers were free from PVY infection. Incidence of the virus was the minimal at second generation, which increased afterwards steadily by third, fourth, and fifth generations. Incidence of PLRV was minimal at first generation. It increased gradually with the advancement of generation seed tubers showing the highest incidence at fifth generation. The highest plant growth and tuber yield were recorded at second generation, which was followed by third, fourth, and fifth generations. The highest reduction in plant height, tuber number, and tuber yield were recorded in 5th generation due to infection of PVY and PLRV. Keywords: Generation evaluation; PVY; PLRV; growth; yield; potato DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5865Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 37-50, March 2010
Determination of crop co-efficient of hybrid maize by lysimeter study
Authors: Islam MS , Hossain MA
Published: August 2010

In a study at Joydebpur, the crop co-efficient values at initial, development, mid-season, and late season stages of hybrid maize (variety: BARI Hybrid Maize-I) were determined as 0.38, 0.87, 1.36, and 0.75, respectively. These locally determined values of BARI Hybrid Maize-I differed to some extent from those recommended by FAO. The corresponding FAO values are 0.4, 0.80, 1.15, and 0.70. The reasons might be that the FAO values are the generalized ones and recommended for a wide range of locations. But those determined by this study are location specific. Another reason may be the use of specific variety of hybrid maize in this experiment. However, locally determined values are preferred to standard values (FAO values) to estimate location specific crop ET. Keywords: Crop co-efficient; hybrid maize; lysimeter. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5868Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 77-82, March 2010
Economics of hybrid maize production in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim MR , Moniruzzaman M , Alam QM
Published: August 2010

The present study is an attempt to assess the existing agronomic practices of hybrid maize cultivation, its profitability, constraints, and factors affecting hybrid maize production. The majority of the total farmers sowed seeds during the first week of December. The average seed rate was found to be 20.94 kg per hectare. About 16 varieties were found to cultivate by farmers, of which majority farmers used NK-40 followed by Pacific-II. All kinds of fertilizer used by the farmers were below the optimum level of recommendation. About 33 and 28 percent of the total variable cost was for human labour and chemical fertilizer, respectively. The average yield of hybrid maize was found higher than the national average. The average gross margin was observed to be Tk. 28456 on total variable cost basis. The cost per kilogram of maize cultivation was Tk. 4.12 and return from one kilogram of maize production was Tk. 7.80. It is found that the coefficient of human labour, land preparation, irrigation, urea and borax have significantly impact on gross return. Timely non-availability of seeds, high price of fertilizer, and low price of yield were the major problems for hybrid maize production. Farmers cultivated hybrid maize because of higher yield, higher income, and easy growing. Keywords: Gross return; gross margin; profitability. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5869Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 83-93, March 2010
Effect of drought on physiology and yield contributing characters of sunflower
Authors: Hossain MI , Khatun A , Talukder MSA , Dewan MMR , Uddin MS
Published: August 2010

The present study was conducted during 1995 to April 1996 at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of drought stress at various levels with a view to studying the physiological characters of sunflower associated with yield under drought condition. Two varieties ( Kironi and Hysan-55) and five drought cycles were i) Daily watering, ii) 1 day without water, iii) 2 days without water, iv) 3 days without water, and v) 4 days without water imposed in the study. As a whole, drought treatment reduced the yield and yield contributing characters of sunflower. In most cases, the rate of reduction was higher in plants that received 4 days drought cycle followed by 3 days. The minimum reduction was observed in plants that received 1 and 2 days drought cycle. The growth parameters (CGR, RGR, NAR, and LAI) were reduced under drought treatments. Similar trend was followed in case of CSI values and RWC of the leaves. The rate of reduction for most of characters was higher in Hysan-55 than that of Kironi. Thus, the variety Kironi was found better than Hysan-55 in respect of physiological adaptation associated with yield under drought condition. Keywords: Drought; physiology; sunflower DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5872Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 113-124, March 2010
Biochemical basis of resistance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) to Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee and their correlation with shoot and fruit infestation
Authors: Khorsheduzzaman AKM , Alam MZ , Rahman MM , Mian MA Khaleque , Mian M Ismail Hossain
Published: August 2010

Studies on the biochemical basis of resistance to Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee and their correlation with shoot and fruit borer damage in five selected brinjal genotypes done at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India during June to December 2005 showed that both shoot and fruit of less susceptible genotypes had the higher amount of poly phenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) and lignin and lower amount of reducing sugar. Significant negative correlation was found between percent infestation (shoot and fruit) with PPO, PAL and lignin content, whereas it was positively correlated with reducing sugar content. Among the biochemical constituents, PPO, PAL and lignin contents were negatively correlated with reducing sugar but PPO were positively correlated with PAL and lignin content and vice-versa. Keywords: Biochemical basis; resistacace; eggplant; Leucinodes orbonalis. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5876Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 149-155, March 2010
Optimization of nitrogen rate for aromatic Basmati rice (Oriza sativa L.)
Authors: Mannan MA , Bhuiya MSU , Hossain HMA , Akhand MIM
Published: August 2010

The experiment was conducted with different Basmati rice varieties at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur during 1999 and 2000 T.aman season. Four rice genotypes (Basmati PNR, Basmati 370, Basmati 375 and Basmati-D) were tested with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha to determine the optimum N level as well as to find out the genotype having high yield potential. The plant height, tiller number, number of panicles, panicle length, spikelet sterility and straw yield increased with the increase of nitrogen levels upto 75 kg N/ha. Maximum plant growth at the highest level of N caused lodging of plant which increased spikelet sterility and lower number of grains per panicle and ultimately decreased grain yield. Genotype Basmati PNR having dwarf plant characteristics performed well at higher level of nitrogen (100 kg N/ha), while other genotypes having medium plant height responded well at lower level of nitrogen (52-56 kg N/ha). Keywords: Basmati rice; nitrogen; aman season. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5877Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 157-165, March 2010
A study on the agricultural mechanization in selected farms of Thakurgaon Sugar Mill
Authors: Chowdhury Md Golam Ferdous , Hossain Md Sarwar , Sattar MA , Islam Md Shirazul
Published: August 2010

Mechanized cultivation plays significant role in sugarcane production in Bangladesh. A study was conducted in the Thakurgaon Sugar Mill farms in Thakurgaon District as an undergraduate project work in the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The objective was to determine benefit-cost analysis of those farms. The farm management provided data on production cost and income for the year 2001-2002. On the basis of the supplied data, it was found that the three production farms were incurring loss and the experimental farm was found to be earning marginal profit. In this study, it was observed that the farms were spending huge amount on personnel and maintenance, which is probably peculiar nature of public enterprises. Bringing available land under production, adoption of more machines to reduce labour costs, and adoption of high yielding varietys appeared to be a partial solution to reduce the huge loss and to go for profit earning. Keywords: Agricultural mechanization; farm implements; Thakurgaon Sugar Mill. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5879Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 167-177, March 2010
Effectiveness of three insecticides against mustard aphid and predator under field condition
Authors: Maula AKMM , Shah MMR , Siddquie NA , Mamun MAA , Begum M
Published: August 2010

Studies were conducted in the field to determine the effectiveness of three insectidicdes, Metasystox-R 25EC, Dimethion 40 EC, and Fentro 50 EC applied against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. and measure their toxic action on the predator Coccinella septempunctata L. The mustard plants were sprayed with the insecticides at 0.05% and 0.025% a. i. at 50 and 70 days after sowing. The mortality of both mustard aphid and the predator was assessed at 1, 4, and 7 days after first and second spraying of insecticides. Metasystox-R showed the most effectiveness among the three insecticides causing the highest mortality of mustard aphid followed by Dimethion and Fentro. But the lowest mortality of Coccinella septempunctata was obtained in Dimethion treated plot, and Fentro treated plot showed the highest mortality indicating that the Dimethion was less toxic and Fentro was more toxic to the predator. Keywords: Effectiveness; insecticides; mustard aphid; predator. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5880Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 179-187, March 2010
In vitro regeneration potentiality of Brassica genotypes in differential growth regulators
Authors: Khan MMA , Robin ABM Arif Hasan Khan , Nazim-Ud-Dowla MAN , Talukder SK , Hassan L
Published: August 2010

Petiole of six genotypes of oilseed Brassica viz. Tori-7, Sampad, Kallyania, BARI Sarisha-7, BARI Sarisha-8, and MM 20-3 were cultured in MS medium with different concentrations of BAP, NAA, and AgNO3 for callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration. The highest percentage of callus induction (91.43%) was observed in Tori-7 in the media supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L AgNO3. Calli were maintained in order to get sufficient number of regenerants. With the increased concentration of BAP, the highest percentage (57.14) of regenerants were found in Tori-7 followed by Sampad (33.13%) and BARI Sarisha-8 (31.42%) in MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L AgNO3. Root formation from the regenerants was found best in half MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA in genotype Tori-7. Regenerated plantlets of four genotypes (Tori-7, BARI Sarisha-8, Kallyania, BARI Sarisha-7) were successfully established in the field.Keywords: AgNO3; BAP; Brassica; NAA; regeneration.  DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5881Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 189-199, June 2010
Effect of potassium application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in old Himalayan Piedmont Plain
Authors: Saha PK , Hossain ATMS , Miah MAM
Published: August 2010

A field trial was conducted in Rabi season 2001-2002 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute’s Agricultural Research Station (BARI ARS) farm, Thakurgaon to evaluate a higher dose of K (66 kg K/ha) for maximizing yield of wheat and sustain soil native K level for wheat in north-western (NW) region of Bangladesh. To accomplish the objective, three levels of K (T1 = K0, T2 = K66, and T3= K38 (Farmers' practice) were tested. T1= K0 and T2 = K66 were tested under soil test based (STB) N116 P15 S36 Zn1 B1.7 fertilization and these two treatments T1 and T2 were compared with the farmers' own fertilization practice N68 P24 K38 S16 Zn0B0 (T3). Results showed that the treatment (T2) i. e. K66 with STB dose produced the better yield of wheat (var. Protiva). The highest gross return of Tk. 35,610/- and the highest net-return of Tk. 30,479/- was obtained with the treatment T2 (STB). The dose of 66 kg K/ha for wheat growing in Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) was not adequate, and thus needs to be increased to maintain the soil K reserve, since there was an apparent negative balance of K in the soil with sole use of chemical fertilizers. The recommended P dose of 24 kg P/ha in wheat season created a positive balance of P. The STB dose for S and Zn @36 and 1 kg/ha, respectively, in wheat season created a positive balance of S and Zn in soil. Keywords: Potassium; fertilizer management; wheat; nutrient balance sheet. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5883Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 207-216, June 2010
In vitro regeneration of Anthurium andreanum cv. Nitta
Authors: Islam SA , Dewan MMR , Mukul MHR , Hossain MA , Khatun F
Published: August 2010

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different combinations of NAA, IBA, and BAP on in vitro organogenesis of Anthurium andreanum cv. "Nitta" at the DEBTEC (Development of Biotechnology & Environmental Conservation Centre) Laboratory, Dhaka. Organogenesis from leaf mid rib to shoot initiation required 9.00 days and the best survivality was 80.00% percent at 30 DAI (Day after initiation) with the combination of 1 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BAP in MS media. Among the 20 hormone supplements, MS media containing 1 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BAP showed the highest shoot formation (68.30%), number of shoots/explant (3.37) and the longest shoot (4.65 cm) at 60 DAI. MS media without any hormone (control) showed the poorest performance in regeneration of shoots. On the other hand, MS media containing 1 mg/L IBA + 1 mg/L BAP showed the best performance in rooting of shoots (83.85%), highest number of roots (4.29/plantlet), root elongation (5.50 cm) were recorded at 60 DAI. Keywords: In vitro regeneration; Anthurium andreanum. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5884Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 217-226, June 2010
Crop Agriculture of Bangladesh: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mondal Mohammad H
Published: August 2010

Crop agriculture in Bangladesh is constrained every year by challenges, such as a) Loss of Arabie Land, b) Population Growth, c) Climate Changes, d) Inadequate Management Practices, e) Unfair Price of Produces, and f) Insufficient Investment in Research. In Bangladesh, about 80,000 ha of arable land are going out of production every year. The loss is alarming and needs to be addressed immediately. The land use policy of the government should be updated and implemented immediately to stop further loss of arable land. Another problem to agriculture is the increase in the growth of population. The twin problem of arable land loss and population growth needs to be addressed simultaneously to ensure sustainable crop production. Country's crop production is also affected frequently by flood, drought, and salinity. Varieties/technologies tolerant to these natural hazards need to be developed. Renewable energy, reduction in the use of fossil fuels, and afforestation are recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. To sustain crop production, chemical fertilizers must be integrated with organic manure and costly non-urea fertilizers should continue to be subsidized. Incidence of pests and diseases has lately become severe due to climate change impacts. Therefore, more varieties resistant to the pests should be evolved. Small and marginal farmers of Bangladesh have limited access to institutional credit. They are not eligible for microcredit of NGOs either. Establishment of a new institution/foundation in line with PKSF is recommended to meet their needs. These farmers do not have farmers' associations or cooperatives to bargain for fair price of their produces. Government might encourage establishment of farmers' cooperatives to ensure fair price of their produces. To make such cooperatives successful, top-down approach by the influentials must be avoided. Investment in agricultural research should as well be raised to at least 2% of GDP to help generate technologies to cope with climate change hazards and disseminate such technologies at farmer's level. Keywords: Crop agriculture; challenges; opportunities. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5886Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 235-245, June 2010
Effect of urea super granule on the performance of cabbage in Young Jamuna and Brahmaputra Floodplain Soils of Tangail
Authors: Hussain MJ , Ali MY , Rahman MA , Quayyum MA , Choudury DA
Published: August 2010

A number of experiments were conducted at the Farming Systems Research and Development (FSRD) site, Palima, Tangail for three consecutive years to evaluate the efficiency of USG application in comparison with prilled urea on the yield and yield attributes of cabbage (cv. Atlas-70). There were five treatments, T1= N195 (recommended N dose for HYG, used as prilled urea), T2= N195 (recommended N dose for HYG, used as USG), T3=N175 (N 10% reduction of recommended N dose as USG), T4= N155 (N 20% reduction of recommended N dose as USG), and T5= N105 (Farmers' N dose used as prilled urea). Treatments Tl-T4 received recommended dose of other nutrients (P56K162S13Mo0.6CD3t) and T5 received P25K90S0Mo0CD51 Yield and yield-contributing characters of cabbage significantly responded to the application of USG. The highest head yield (78.1 t/ha) was obtained with the recommended dose of N as USG, and 10% (77.1 t/ha), and 20% (72.0 t/ha) less than the recommended dose of N as USG also produced higher yield than recommended prilled urea-N. Application of USG was found more efficient than prilled urea and the treatment N195P56K162S13Mo0.6CD3t (recommended N as USG for HYG) was found profitable for cabbage cultivation in terms of yield and the treatment N175P56K162S13Mo0.6CD3t (10% N reduction of recommended N dose as USG) was found profitable in terms of economic returns. Keywords: USG; prilled urea; cabbage. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5889Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 267-272, June 2010
Crop productivity as affected by fertilizer management options in Boro -T.aman cropping pattern at farmers' fields
Authors: Ali M Akkas , Alam M Robiul , Molla MSH , Islam F
Published: August 2010

The experiment was conducted at multilocation testing (MLT) site, Sujanagar, Pabna during the year of 2003-2004 to find out a soil test based economically viable fertilizer recommendation for the cropping pattern Boro-T. aman. Six treatments viz., moderate yield goal (MYG), high yield goal (HYG), integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS), recommended fertilizer of FRG' 97 (BARC) guide (RF), farmers' practice (FP), and absolute control were employed for the study. The grain yield of Boro and T. aman rice increased 18 and 14%, respectively, by IPNS compared to farmers' practice. Total grain yield of rice was increased by about 16% in the IPNS fertilizer package compared to farmers' practice. Fertilizer nutrients supplied both from organic and inorganic sources in adequate amount have a positive effect on productivity of soil. On an average it was found that highest grain yields of Boro rice (5.37 t/ha) and T. aman (4.49 t/ha) were obtained from integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) where farmers’ practice gave yield of 4.55 and 3.94 t/ha. The highest average gross margin (70385 Tk./ha) and marginal benefit cost ratio (3.78) was also obtained from IPNS plots. Keywords: Crop productivity; fertilizer management; cropping pattern. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5892Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 287-296, June 2010
Exploring Variation and Predictors of Residential Fine Particulate Matter Infiltration
Authors: Clark Nina A. , Allen Ryan W. , Hystad Perry , Wallace Lance , Dell Sharon D. , Foty Richard , Dabek-Zlotorzynska Ewa , Evans Greg , Wheeler Amanda J.
Published: August 2010

Although individuals spend the majority of their time indoors, most epidemiological studies estimate personal air pollution exposures based on outdoor levels. This almost certainly results in exposure misclassification as pollutant infiltration varies between homes. However, it is often not possible to collect detailed measures of infiltration for individual homes in large-scale epidemiological studies and thus there is currently a need to develop models that can be used to predict these values. To address this need, we examined infiltration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and identified determinants of infiltration for 46 residential homes in Toronto, Canada. Infiltration was estimated using the indoor/outdoor sulphur ratio and information on hypothesized predictors of infiltration were collected using questionnaires and publicly available databases. Multiple linear regression was used to develop the models. Mean infiltration was 0.52 ± 0.21 with no significant difference across heating and non-heating seasons. Predictors of infiltration were air exchange, presence of central air conditioning, and forced air heating. These variables accounted for 38% of the variability in infiltration. Without air exchange, the model accounted for 26% of the variability. Effective modelling of infiltration in individual homes remains difficult, although key variables such as use of central air conditioning show potential as an easily attainable indicator of infiltration.
Flat-Cladding Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Large Strain Amplitude Fatigue Tests
Authors: Feng Aihen , Chen Daolun , Li Cheng , Gu Xijia
Published: August 2010

We have successfully developed a flat-cladding fiber Bragg grating sensor for large cyclic strain amplitude tests of up to ±8,000 με. The increased contact area between the flat-cladding fiber and substrate, together with the application of a new bonding process, has significantly increased the bonding strength. In the push-pull fatigue tests of an aluminum alloy, the plastic strain amplitudes measured by three optical fiber sensors differ only by 0.43% at a cyclic strain amplitude of ±7,000 με and 1.9% at a cyclic strain amplitude of ±8,000 με. We also applied the sensor on an extruded magnesium alloy for evaluating the peculiar asymmetric hysteresis loops. The results obtained were in good agreement with those measured from the extensometer, a further validation of the sensor.
Sustainability in Near-shore Marine Systems: Promoting Natural Resilience
Authors: Falkenberg Laura J. , Burnell Owen W. , Connell Sean D. , Russell Bayden D.
Published: August 2010

Accumulation of atmospheric CO2 is increasing the temperature and concentration of CO2 in near-shore marine systems. These changes are occurring concurrently with increasing alterations to local conditions, including nutrient pollution and exploitation of selected biota. While the body of evidence for the negative effects of climate change is rapidly increasing, there is still only limited recognition that it may combine with local stressors to accelerate degradation. By recognizing such synergies, however, it may be possible to actively manage and improve local conditions to ameliorate the effects of climate change in the medium-term (e.g., by reducing nutrient pollution or restoring populations of herbivores). Ultimately, however, the most effective way to increase the sustainability of near-shore marine systems into the future will be to decrease our reliance on carbon-based sources of energy to reduce the negative effects of climate change.
Adenoviral Producer Cells
Authors: Kovesdi Imre , Hedley Susan J.
Published: August 2010

Adenovirus (Ad) vectors, in particular those of the serotype 5, are highly attractive for a wide range of gene therapy, vaccine and virotherapy applications (as discussed in further detail in this issue). Wild type Ad5 virus can replicate in numerous tissue types but to use Ad vectors for therapeutic purposes the viral genome requires modification. In particular, if the viral genome is modified in such a way that the viral life cycle is interfered with, a specific producer cell line is required to provide trans-complementation to overcome the modification and allow viral production. This can occur in two ways; use of a producer cell line that contains specific adenoviral sequences incorporated into the cell genome to trans-complement, or use of a producer cell line that naturally complements for the modified Ad vector genome. This review concentrates on producer cell lines that complement non-replicating adenoviral vectors, starting with the historical HEK293 cell line developed in 1977 for first generation Ad vectors. In addition the problem of replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) contamination in viral preparations from HEK293 cells is addressed leading to the development of alternate cell lines. Furthermore novel cell lines for more complex Ad vectors and alternate serotype Ad vectors are discussed.
Kinetic studies and predictions on the hydrolysis and aminolysis of esters of 2-S-phosphorylacetates
Authors: Trmčić Milena , Hodgson David R W
Published: August 2010

Background: Heterobifunctional cross-linking agents are useful in both protein science and organic synthesis. Aminolysis of reactive esters in aqueous systems is often used in bioconjugation chemistry, but it must compete against hydrolysis processes. Here we study the kinetics of aminolysis and hydrolysis of 2-S-phosphorylacetate ester intermediates that result from displacement of bromide by a thiophosphate nucleophile from commonly used bromoacetate ester cross-linking agents.

Results: We found cross-linking between uridine-5′-monophosphorothioate and D-glucosamine using N-hydroxybenzotriazole and N-hydroxysuccinimde bromoacetates to be ineffective. In order to gain insight into these shortfalls, 2-S-(5′-thiophosphoryluridine)acetic acid esters were prepared using p-nitrophenyl bromoacetate or m-nitrophenyl bromoacetate in combination with uridine-5′-monophosphorothioate. Kinetics of hydrolysis and aminolysis of the resulting p- and m-nitrophenyl 2-S-(5′-thiophosphoryluridine)acetates were determined by monitoring the formation of phenolate ions spectrophotometrically as a function of pH. The p- and m-nitrophenyl 2-S-(5′-thiophosphoryluridine)acetates showed similar reactivity profiles despite the significant difference in the pKaH values of their nitrophenolate leaving groups. Both were more reactive with respect to hydrolysis and aminolysis in comparison to their simple acetate progenitors, but their calculated selectivity towards aminolysis vs hydrolysis, while reasonable, would not lead to clean reactions that do not require purification. Extrapolations of the kinetic data were used to predict leaving group pKa values that could lead to improved selectivity towards aminolysis while retaining reasonable reaction times.

Conclusions: Both p- and m-nitrophenyl 2-S-(5′-thiophosphoryluridine)acetates show some selectivity towards aminolysis over hydrolysis, with the m-nitrophenolate system displaying slightly better selectivity. Extrapolation of the data for hydrolysis and aminolysis of these esters suggests that the use of readily accessible trifluoroethyl 2-S-(5′-thiophosphoryluridine)acetate with a leaving group pKaH of 12.4 should afford better selectivity while maintaining reasonable reaction times. Kinetically, p- and m-nitrophenyl 2-S-(5′-thiophosphoryluridine)acetates show similar properties to o-nitrophenyl 2-S-ethylacetate, and show no evidence for intramolecular catalysis of hydrolysis or aminolysis by the phosphoryl groups.
Five loaves and two fishes: An empirical study in psychological type and biblical hermeneutics among Anglican preachers
Authors: Francis Leslie J.
Published: August 2010

The sensing, intuition, feeling and thinking (SIFT) method of biblical hermeneutics and liturgical preaching has its roots in three fields: a theology of individual differences situated within the doctrine of creation, an application of Jungian psychological-type theory and empirical observation. The present study tested the empirical foundations for this method by examining the psychological-type profile of two groups of Anglican preachers (24 licensed readers in England and 22 licensed clergy in Northern Ireland) and by examining the content of their preaching according to their dominant psychological-type preferences. These data provided further support for the psychological principles underpinning the SIFT method of biblical hermeneutics and liturgical preaching.
Prediking as pastorale uitnodiging tot deelname: ‘n Kultureel-linguistiese beskouing
Authors: Reinecke Hannes , Müller Julian C.
Published: August 2010

Preaching as a pastoral invitation to participate: A cultural-linguistic view As a practical theologian, the author of this article adopts a social-constructionist approach, namely Lindbeck’s cultural-linguistic method, which focuses on narratives and grammar as vehicles of identity, and individuals’ choice to be part of a group by accepting the group’s traditions. This article discusses preaching as a pastoral action by examining the specific role that preaching has to fulfil in order to be pastoral within a cultural-linguistic model. The role of narratives, the Bible, the context of the group and individual, and the tradition of the group are also discussed. The article concludes by citing two specific homiletic proposals for narrative pastoral preaching.
Godsbeelde in die liturgie
Authors: Vos Cas J.A.
Published: August 2010

Images of God in the liturgy In this article, the research hypothesis is that a one-sided liturgy leads to a watered-down image of God. When room for God is not created in the liturgy, God is not encountered in all God’s glory. As a result, worshippers cannot fully bring homage to God’s glory. From this perspective, the article explores the different faces of God in the liturgy. These diverse images of God lead to a rich diversity of views and experiences of God by worshippers.
Hot‐Pressed ZrB2 Ceramics With Composite Additives of Zr and B4C
Authors: Wang Xin‐Gang , Guo Wei‐Ming , Kan Yan‐Mei , Zhang Guo‐Jun
Published: August 2010

This work pointed out a new approach to get dense ZrB2 ceramics by forming refractory second phases through adding reactive composite additives. With the combination of Zr and B4C additives at a 3:1 molar ratio, the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of hot‐pressed ZrB2 ceramics were investigated. The Zr reacted with B4C at relatively low temperature of 1400 °C to form the secondary ultra‐high‐temperature ZrB2 and ZrC phases with high sinterability, which would be beneficial to improve the densification and maintain the high‐temperature properties of ZrB2 ceramics. For comparison, the separate effects of B4C or Zr additive on densification and microstructures of ZrB2 ceramics were also investigated.
Failure of Alumina in Torsion Tests
Authors: Schwind Thomas , Fünfschilling Stefan , Kerscher Eberhard , Lang Karl‐Heinz , Oberacker Rainer , Hoffmann Michael J. , Fett Theo
Published: August 2010

Fatigue behavior under cyclic torsion loading shows a complicated dependency between the number of cycles to failure Nf and the height of the applied load σappl. A recently published result is chosen for which three clearly different regions are observed in which the normally straight log(Nf)‐log(σ) plot shows different slopes. Whereas the high‐stress region near the torsion strength can be interpreted as normal mode‐I failure of randomly oriented surface cracks, the steep part may be understood as the consequence of friction degradation at grinding cracks which are under pure mode‐II and mode‐III loading. At lowest loads, quasi‐static subcritical crack growth support has to be expected with its commonly higher load exponents.
Formation of Aluminum Nitride Coatings at Low Temperature
Authors: Adaszko Andrew , Sercombe Timothy
Published: August 2010

A method has been developed that produces an AlN coating on an aluminum substrate at 540 °C. It builds on the techniques previously reported (D. Kent, G. B. Schaffer, T. B. Sercombe, J. Drennan, Scripta Mater. 2006, 54, 2125), but uses aluminum powder which reduced the reaction time and required less stringent atmosphere control. Initially, the nitride formed as a shell round the particles and was accompanied by the filling of the interstitial pores by a secondary aluminum. At longer times, both the powder and the secondary aluminum nitrided, resulting in a relatively dense coating.
Nucleation Kinetics and Microstructure Evolution of Traveling ASTM F75 Droplets
Authors: Roy Sudesna , Ando Teiichi
Published: August 2010

A method is devised for the prediction and control of the nucleation kinetics and solidification microstructure of traveling droplets of a cobalt‐base biocompatible alloy ASTM F75. Mono‐size droplets produced by the uniform‐droplet spray (UDS) process (a capillary jet breakup process) are quenched on substrates at different flight distances to determine nucleation distance from the splat morphology. Using the nucleation temperatures estimated from the splat morphology as references, the nucleation kinetics of F75 droplets is predicted and presented in the form of a continuous‐cooling transformation diagram. Cooling 300 µm F75 UDS droplets in argon gas resulted in an estimated supercooling of 132 K and formation of a well‐defined dendritic microstructure, whereas cooling the same droplets in helium gas produced a larger supercooling of 377 K and a microcrystalline structure indicative of dendrite fragmentation. This process, with stringent control of nucleation kinetics, can produce F75 balls with a rapid solidification microstructure suitable for bio‐implant applications.
Nanoindentation, Modeling, and Toughening Effects of Zirconia/Organic Nanolaminates
Authors: Zlotnikov Igor , Dorogoy Avraham , Shilo Doron , Gotman Irena , Gutmanas Elazar Y.
Published: August 2010

The present research is motivated by the remarkable toughness of natural nanostructured composites, specifically nacre, whose highly regular “brick‐and‐mortar” structure is composed of alternating layers of aragonite sheets separated by thin layers of organic material. Robust multilayer zirconium oxide (ZrO2)‐organic nanolaminates are deposited on Si wafers. Organic layers are synthesized employing layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition of alternating polyanion (PSS) and polycation (PAH) sublayers. Zirconia layers are deposited on LbL organic films employing magnetron sputtering from ZrO2 target and characterized employing TEM and XRD. Hardness and elastic modulus of the obtained nanostructures are measured employing nanoindentation technique. Yield stress of both constituents is obtained by fitting finite element (FE) nanoindentation simulations to nanoindentation measurements. Using the obtained mechanical data, the toughening of multilayered nanostructure relative to bulk zirconia is shown numerically by crack shielding mechanism that is demonstrated employing FE simulations. The higher toughness of the nanolaminates is also demonstrated by controlled scratch test.
Hierarchical ZnS‐In2S3‐CuS Nanospheres with Nanoporous Structure: Facile Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Excellent Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Li Yingxuan , Chen Gang , Wang Qun , Wang Xu , Zhou Ankun , Shen Zaoyu
Published: August 2010

Without using any templates or surfactants, hierarchical ZnS‐In2S3‐CuS nanospheres with nanoporous structure are successfully synthesized via a simple and convenient process. The nanospheres are aggregations of densely packed nanoparticles and nanorods. Different to the oriented attachment (OA) mechanism reported in the literature, the formation of these nanorods is believed to follow a lateral OA mechanism (nanoparticles attach along the direction perpendicular to the crystallographic axes with lateral planes as the juncture) based on the experimental data. This process could be a general phenomenon and would provide a new insight into the OA mechanism. A detailed time‐resolved TEM kinetic study of the formation of the complex structure is shown. The dipole mechanism and electric field‐induced growth are found to be responsible for the final architecture. Photocatalytic activities for water splitting are investigated under visible‐light irradiation (λ > 400 nm) and an especially high photocatalytic activity (apparent yield of 22.6% at 420 nm) is achieved by unloaded ZnIn0.25Cu0.02S1.395 prepared at 180 °C for 18 h because of their high crystallinity, large pore volume, and the presence of nanorods with special microstructures.