bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tegnmakerens skrivelek: En a/r/tografisk studie av en fireårings tegnmaking i mulighetsrike verksteder
Authors: Bendiksen Solveig Åsgard
Published: February 2017

Artikkelen er et kunnskapsbidrag til tidlig litterasitet studert gjennom a/r/tografisk metodologi, i utøverens (a = artist), utforskerens (r = researcher) og utdannerens (t = teacher) (heretter artografi) sammenvevde trippelperspektiv. Blikket er rettet mot en fireårings tegnmaking i verksteder som tilbyr et mangfold av skrivemedier. Videomaterialet viser jentas respons på spørsmål om hun kan skrive, og om hun da vil skrive navnet sitt eller noe annet, så lenge hun har lyst. Artografisk metodologi tillater utvikling av en rhizomatisk analysetekst basert på observasjon, videoopptak, forskernotater og foto. Teksten belyser at jentas tegnmaking er litterasitet preget av en lek med former som samspiller med hennes persepsjoner knyttet til verkstedmiljøenes affordances (Gibson, 1986). Denne skriveleken inneholder mer enn lek med bokstaver, tall og symboler som forberedelse til skriveferdighet. Ytterligere nærstudier av utvalgte grafemer i denne skriveleken, finner at de har narrative, hybride og estetiske trekk som røper jentas interkulturelle kontekst.
Die Graduiertenschule Solvation Science
Authors: Winter Nina , Petermann Marcus
Published: February 2017

Die GSS bietet ihren Mitgliedern eine exzellente Infrastruktur für ihre Forschung im Promotionsprozess und ein internationales und interdisziplinäres Ausbildungsprogramm auf dem Gebiet der Solvatationswissenschaft. Mit 30 % internationalen Mitgliedern und einem Ausbildungsprogramm auf Englisch wird Internationalität und interkulturelle Vielfalt aktiv gelebt. Die GSS‐Mitglieder, die in unterschiedlichen Gebieten der Chemie, Physik, Biologie und der Verfahrenstechnik arbeiten, tauschen sich auf regelmäßigen Veranstaltungen und Workshops aus und lernen dabei von Beginn der Promotion an eine interdisziplinäre Denkweise kennen.
Forschung trifft Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Strippel Christian G. , Sommer Katrin , Kohlbauer Tom
Published: February 2017

Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (Public Outreach) zu aktueller Forschung sollte es zum Ziel haben, sowohl die Inhalte dieser Forschung als auch die Wege der Erkenntnisgewinnung zu thematisieren. In der Ausstellung “Völlig losgelöst” begleiten Besucher Wissenschaftler des RESOLV Cluster of Excellence auf eine metaphorische Reise in unbekannte Welten. Den Besuchern wird die naturwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisgewinnung explizit, implizit und erfahrungsbasiert nahegebracht. Die Forschungsarbeiten in RESOLV werden einerseits als Beispiele für Vorgehensweisen in den Naturwissenschaften allgemein präsentiert. Andererseits erhalten die Besucher Einblicke in konkrete Forschungsvorhaben. An einer Experimentierstation können die Besucher selbst erfahren, welche Schwierigkeiten und Freuden mit der eigenständigen Umsetzung eines Forschungsvorhabens verbunden sind. Hier wird zusätzlich ein Einblick in die fachdidaktische Forschung an dem Projekt gegegen.
Die Stellknöpfe der Entwicklungsuhr
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: February 2017

Stammzellen kommen immer wieder in die Nachrichten, etwa als Wundermittel für eine zukünftige Ersatzteilmedizin, aber auch als Angriffsziel für neuartige Krebstherapien. Viel zu unscharf ist allerdings noch das Verständnis des eigentlichen Wesens der Stammzellen: Ist ihre wundersame Totipotenz oder Pluripotenz eine intrinsische Eigenschaft oder wird sie auch von der Umwelt, der so genannten Stammzellnische geprägt?
Frisst du mich, so stirbst du – Bakterien verteidigen sich gegen Amöben
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: February 2017

Bodenbakterien konkurrieren nicht nur mit anderen Bakterien und Pilzen um Lebensraum, sie müssen sich auch vor Fraßfeinden wie Amöben schützen. Die bakteriellen Alkaloide Pyreudion A‐D wurden als amöbizide Verbindungen erkannt und strukturell untersucht [1].
A Theoretical Approach to Model and Predict the Adsorption Coefficients of Some Small Aromatic Molecules on Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Heidari Afsane , Fatemi Mohammad H.
Published: February 2017

In this study, for the first time, the CORAL software is used to model the quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) of adsorption coefficients of chemicals on carbon nanotubes. The new method, which includes three‐dimensional response surfaces for all subsets, is used to optimize Monte Carlo parameters in the modeling procedure. By using the 3D response surfaces, we obtained a satisfactory value for , at the same time keeping the statistical quality of the subtraining and validation sets. Two predictive models were developed by using hydrogen‐filled graph‐based descriptors (model 1) and hybrid descriptors (model 2) with squared correlation coefficient (
R
2
) values of 0.985 and 0.940, respectively. The prediction power of these models was evaluated on a six‐member test set, leading to
R
2
values of 0.962 and 0.941 for model 1 and model 2, respectively. Moreover, the leave‐one‐out cross validation test was used to investigate the robustness of models, which lead to
Q
2
values of 0.983 for model 1 and 0.932 for model 2.
Transplant with a twist: A pitfall in sonographic diagnosis of renal transplant torsion
Authors: Narasimhan Evan , Kennedy Anne , Campsen Jeffrey
Published: February 2017

Torsion is an uncommon cause of impaired function in a renal transplant. We present a case of intraperitoneal transplant torsion secondary to adhesions to the left fallopian tube and ovary. Inability to confirm renal venous flow with Doppler misled to the erroneous sonographic diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis, although end diastolic flow was absent rather than reversed. The correct diagnosis was made with CT. The combination of abnormal orientation of the graft on ultrasonography, acutely impaired renal function, and abnormal Doppler study should have led to a diagnosis of transplant torsion. The case is also unusual in that the lead point was adnexal pathology. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:528–530, 2017
Monitoring a PGD solver for parametric power flow problems with goal‐oriented error assessment
Authors: García‐Blanco R. , Borzacchiello D. , Chinesta F. , Diez P.
Published: February 2017

The parametric analysis of electric grids requires carrying out a large number of power flow computations. The different parameters describe loading conditions and grid properties. In this framework, the proper generalized decomposition (PGD) provides a numerical solution explicitly accounting for the parametric dependence. Once the PGD solution is available, exploring the multidimensional parametric space is computationally inexpensive. The aim of this paper is to provide tools to monitor the error associated with this significant computational gain and to guarantee the quality of the PGD solution. In this case, the PGD algorithm consists in three nested loops that correspond to (1) iterating algebraic solver, (2) number of terms in the separable greedy expansion, and (3) the alternated directions for each term. In the proposed approach, the three loops are controlled by stopping criteria based on residual goal‐oriented error estimates. This allows one for using only the computational resources necessary to achieve the accuracy prescribed by the end‐user. The paper discusses how to compute the goal‐oriented error estimates. This requires linearizing the error equation and the quantity of interest to derive an efficient error representation based on an adjoint problem. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on benchmark problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorbent polyvinyl alcohol–sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels for propolis delivery in wound healing applications
Authors: Oliveira Renata Nunes , Moreira Ana Paula Duarte , Thiré Rossana Mara da Silva Moreira , Quilty Brid , Passos Thayse Marques , Simon Pascal , Mancini Mauricio Cordeiro , McGuinness Garrett Brian
Published: February 2017

Second degree burns require dressings to heal. The ideal dressing should keep a moist environment, have low cost, be elastic and have a bactericidal effect. The potential of PVA‐NaCMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) gels to combine the mechanical and swelling properties of PVA with the flexibility and high water uptake of NaCMC and the antimicrobial characteristics of propolis is investigated. The freeze‐thawed gels were characterized by FTIR and DSC. Their swelling behavior, their mechanical response, the delivery of active compounds and their antimicrobial properties were also determined. The main findings of the FTIR analysis were that no chemical bonding occurred between the materials. The DSC analysis revealed that the addition of NaCMC to PVA lowered the PVA crystallinity, as did the addition of propolis, leading to a more deformable gel (as can be observed from the tensile tests results). This also resulted in a higher rate of delivery of active compounds, higher weight loss and higher fluid uptake than comparable PVA‐propolis systems, as shown by the swelling tests and by the propolis delivery tests. Samples with 15% propolis content or more inhibited S. aureus colonies with 80% reduction, and are therefore highly absorbent and compliant antimicrobial gels for wound healing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1224–1233, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Excitation energy dependence of initial phase shift in Kerr rotation of resident electron spin polarization in a CdTe single quantum well
Authors: Yan L.‐P. , Takamure T. , Kaji R. , Karczewski G. , Takeyama S. , Adachi S.
Published: February 2017

The generation dynamics of a resident electron spin polarization involve the formation and transformation of the associated optically excited states depending on the excitation photon energy. Initial phase shift in the precession of a resident electron spin polarization gives the important clues to reveal the interplay between the associated excited states and resident electrons. In this work, the excitation energy dependence of the initial phase shift in Kerr rotation of a resident electron spin polarization is investigated in a CdTe/CdMgTe single quantum well under a low magnetic field. Through the careful analysis of the spin precession, the excited electron–heavy‐hole pairs show unique spin dynamics when the excitation energy is increasing past the neutral exciton resonance. Meanwhile, the negative initial phase shift becomes significantly large in magnitude. The larger initial phase shift and the unique precession traces are caused by the transformation from neutral excitons to negative trions with accompanying the hole spin‐flip. The exciton‐to‐trion transformation time is estimated experimentally to be 160 ps.
Growth and characterization of (Zn,Sn,Ga)As2 thin films grown on GaAs(001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Toyota H. , Terauchi T. , Hidaka S. , Kato T. , Uchitomi N.
Published: February 2017

Ga‐incorporated ZnSnAs thin films were grown on semi‐insulating GaAs(001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy, and the structural, compositional, and electrical properties were characterized with respect to achieving conduction‐type control. Compositional analysis with an electron‐probe micro analyzer indicated that Ga atoms are substituted for cation (Zn and Sn) atoms and that the Ga/Sn beam equivalent pressure ratio has only a small influence on the Ga concentration. In addition, the composition ratios of Zn to all the cation sites were 2.0–5.7% smaller than that of Sn. ‐scan X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed the epitaxial growth of (Zn,Sn,Ga)As thin films on GaAs(001) substrates. Reciprocal space maps revealed that these thin films are almost fully relaxed, and the lattice constants are in good agreement with Vegard's law. Hall effect measurements of all the (Zn,Sn,Ga)As thin films indicated n‐type conductivity, which was due to the high Ga content of 44.1–47.8% on the cation sites.
Sarcopenia predicts postoperative infection in patients undergoing hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery
Authors: Takagi Kosei , Yagi Takahito , Yoshida Ryuichi , Umeda Yuzo , Nobuoka Daisuke , Kuise Takashi , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background

Operative mortality and morbidity rates after hepato-biliary-pancreatic (BILI) surgery remain high. This study evaluated clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients who underwent BILI surgery and investigated predictors of outcomes by focusing on sarcopenia.

Materials and methods

A prospective observational study was performed for consecutive patients who underwent BILI surgery at our institution between June 2013 and May 2014. Sarcopenia was evaluated using computed tomography. Surgical outcomes and the influence of sarcopenia on outcomes were evaluated. Subsequently, the impact of prognostic factors, including sarcopenia, associated with postoperative infections was assessed using multivariate analyses.

Results

Total mortality, major complications, and infectious disease rates for all 157 patients were 0%, 9.6%, and 21.7%, respectively. Thirty-eight patients met the criteria for sarcopenia. The sarcopenic group had a significantly higher incidence of infectious complications compared to the non-sarcopenic group (36.8% vs. 17.2%; P = 0.015). During multivariate analyses of prognostic factors, sarcopenia (hazard ratio = 2.44; P = 0.043) and diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio = 3.07; P = 0.01) were detected as independent predictors of postoperative infections.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia is an independent preoperative predictor of infection after BILI surgery. Earlier diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for patients with sarcopenia could be useful in the development of comprehensive approaches for perioperative care.

Highlights
One-dimensional refraction properties of compression shocks in non-ideal gases
Authors: Alferez Nicolas , Touber Emile
Published: February 2017

Non-ideal gases refer to deformable substances in which the speed of sound can decrease following an isentropic compression. This may occur near a phase transition such as the liquid–vapour critical point due to long-range molecular interactions. Isentropes can then become locally concave in the pressure/specific-volume phase diagram (e.g. Bethe–Zel’dovich–Thompson (BZT) gases). Following the pioneering work of Bethe (Tech. Rep. 545, Office of Scientific Research and Development, 1942) on shocks in non-ideal gases, this paper explores the refraction properties of stable compression shocks in non-reacting but arbitrary substances featuring a positive isobaric volume expansivity. A small-perturbation analysis is carried out to obtain analytical expressions for the thermo-acoustic properties of the refracted field normal to the shock front. Three new regimes are discovered: (i) an extensive but selective (in upstream Mach numbers) amplification of the entropy mode (hundreds of times larger than those of a corresponding ideal gas); (ii) discontinuous (in upstream Mach numbers) refraction properties following the appearance of non-admissible portions of the shock adiabats; (iii) the emergence of a phase shift for the generated acoustic modes and therefore the existence of conditions for which the perturbed shock does not produce any acoustic field (i.e. ‘quiet’ shocks, to contrast with the spontaneous D’yakov–Kontorovich acoustic emission expected in 2D or 3D). In the context of multidimensional flows, and compressible turbulence in particular, these results demonstrate a variety of pathways by which a supplied amount of energy (in the form of an entropy, vortical or acoustic mode) can be redistributed in the form of other entropy, acoustic and vortical modes in a manner that is simply not achievable in ideal gases. These findings are relevant for turbines and compressors operating close to the liquid–vapour critical point (e.g. organic Rankine cycle expanders, supercritical $\text{CO}_{2}$ compressors), astrophysical flows modelled as continuum media with exotic equations of state (e.g. the early Universe) or Bose–Einstein condensates with small but finite temperature effects.
Seasonal control of Petermann Gletscher ice-shelf melt by the ocean's response to sea-ice cover in Nares Strait
Authors: SHROYER E. L. , PADMAN L. , SAMELSON R. M. , MÜNCHOW A. , STEARNS L. A.
Published: February 2017

Petermann Gletscher drains ~4% of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) area, with ~80% of its mass loss occurring by basal melting of its ice shelf. We use a high-resolution coupled ocean and sea-ice model with a thermodynamic glacial ice shelf to diagnose ocean-controlled seasonality in basal melting of the Petermann ice shelf. Basal melt rates increase by ~20% in summer due to a seasonal shift in ocean circulation within Nares Strait that is associated with the transition from landfast sea ice to mobile sea ice. Under landfast ice, cold near-surface waters are maintained on the eastern side of the strait and within Petermann Fjord, reducing basal melt and insulating the ice shelf. Under mobile sea ice, warm waters are upwelled on the eastern side of the strait and, mediated by local instabilities and eddies, enter Petermann Fjord, enhancing basal melt down to depths of 200 m. The transition between these states occurs rapidly, and seasonal changes within Nares Strait are conveyed into the fjord within the same season. These results suggest that long-term changes in the length of the landfast sea-ice season will substantially alter the structure of Petermann ice shelf and its contribution to GrIS mass loss.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Wogonin reversed resistant human myelogenous leukemia cells via inhibiting Nrf2 signaling by Stat3/NF-κB inactivation
Authors: Xu Xuefen , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Yi , Yang Lin , Liu Yicheng , Huang Shaoliang , Lu Lu , Kong Lingyi , Li Zhiyu , Guo Qinglong , Zhao Li
Published: February 2017

Constitutive NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, NFE2L2) activation has been recently reported to play a pivotal role in enhancing cell survival and resistance to anticancer drugs in many tumors. Wogonin had strong reversal potency via reduction of Nrf2 mRNA in Adriamycin (ADR)-induced resistant human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562/A02, but the mechanism of reduction of Nrf2 mRNA was still unclear. In this study, we aimed to delineate the mechanism by which Wogonin suppressed transcription of Nrf2 in resistant CML cells and further evaluate the reversal effects of Wogonin on the established animal models. Data indicated that Wogonin suppressed transcription of Nrf2 by NF-κB inactivation. Wogonin inhibited the binding of p65 to Nrf2 by suppression of the κB-binding activity. Further research revealed the κB2 site was responsible for the decreased Nrf2 by Wogonin in resistant K562 cells. Furthermore, reduction of pY705-Stat3 was involved in inhibition of the binding of p65 to Nrf2 by Wogonin. In vivo, Wogonin potentiated the inhibitory effect of ADR on leukemia development by suppressing pY705-Stat3 and Nrf2 signaling. In summary, these results demonstrated Wogonin could combat chemoresistance effectively through inhibiting Nrf2 via Stat3/NF-κB signaling, and supported that Wogonin can be developed into an efficient natural sensitizer for resistant human myelogenous leukemia.
Dynamics on networks: competition of temporal and topological correlations
Authors: Artime Oriol , Ramasco José J. , San Miguel Maxi
Published: February 2017

Links in many real-world networks activate and deactivate in correspondence to the sporadic interactions between the elements of the system. The activation patterns may be irregular or bursty and play an important role on the dynamics of processes taking place in the network. Information or disease spreading in networks are paradigmatic examples of this situation. Besides burstiness, several correlations may appear in the process of link activation: memory effects imply temporal correlations, but also the existence of communities in the network may mediate the activation patterns of internal an external links. Here we study the competition of topological and temporal correlations in link activation and how they affect the dynamics of systems running on the network. Interestingly, both types of correlations by separate have opposite effects: one (topological) delays the dynamics of processes on the network, while the other (temporal) accelerates it. When they occur together, our results show that the direction and intensity of the final outcome depends on the competition in a non trivial way.
Microfluidic cell isolation technology for drug testing of single tumor cells and their clusters
Authors: Bithi Swastika S. , Vanapalli Siva A.
Published: February 2017

Drug assays with patient-derived cells such as circulating tumor cells requires manipulating small sample volumes without loss of rare disease-causing cells. Here, we report an effective technology for isolating and analyzing individual tumor cells and their clusters from minute sample volumes using an optimized microfluidic device integrated with pipettes. The method involves using hand pipetting to create an array of cell-laden nanoliter-sized droplets immobilized in a microfluidic device without loss of tumor cells during the pipetting process. Using this technology, we demonstrate single-cell analysis of tumor cell response to the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin. We find that even though individual tumor cells display diverse uptake profiles of the drug, the onset of apoptosis is determined by accumulation of a critical intracellular concentration of doxorubicin. Experiments with clusters of tumor cells compartmentalized in microfluidic drops reveal that cells within a cluster have higher viability than their single-cell counterparts when exposed to doxorubicin. This result suggests that circulating tumor cell clusters might be able to better survive chemotherapy drug treatment. Our technology is a promising tool for understanding tumor cell-drug interactions in patient-derived samples including rare cells.
Short-term monocular occlusion produces changes in ocular dominance by a reciprocal modulation of interocular inhibition
Authors: Chadnova Eva , Reynaud Alexandre , Clavagnier Simon , Hess Robert F.
Published: February 2017

Ocular dominance can be modulated by short-term monocular deprivation. This changes the contribution that each eye makes to binocular vision, an example of adult cortical neuroplasticity. Optical imaging in primates and psychophysics in humans suggest these neuroplastic changes occur in V1. Here we use brain imaging (MEG) in normal adults to better understand the nature of these neuroplastic changes. The results suggest that short-term monocular deprivation, whether it be by an opaque or translucent patch, modulates dichoptic inhibitory interactions in a reciprocal fashion; the unpatched eye is inhibited, the patched eye is released from inhibition. These observations locate the neuroplastic changes to a level of visual processing where there are interocular inhibitory interactions prior to binocular combination and help to explain why both binocular rivalry and fusional tasks reveal them.
Efficient N-tailing of blunt DNA ends by Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase
Authors: Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Nagata Yuji , Tsuda Masataka
Published: February 2017

Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) is a widely used enzyme for cDNA synthesis. Here we show that MMLV-RT has a strong template-independent polymerase activity using blunt DNA ends as substrate that generates 3′ overhangs of A, C, G, or T. Nucleotides were appended efficiently in the order A > G > T > C, and tail lengths varied from 4 to 5, 2 to 7, 2 to 4, and 2 to 3 for A, C, G, and T, respectively. The activity was so strong that nearly all our test DNA ends were appended with at least one A, C, G, or T. The N-tailing activity of MMLV-RT was enhanced in the presence of Mn2+, and the G-, C-, and T-tailing activities were further enhanced by dCMP, dGMP, and dAMP, respectively. This is the first report of an enzymatic activity that almost thoroughly appends two or more As, or one or more Cs, Gs, or Ts to the 3′ end of double-stranded DNA, which would enable exhaustive analysis of DNA samples. The N-tailing activity of MMLV-RT is potentially useful in many biotechnological applications.
Discovering missing reactions of metabolic networks by using gene co-expression data
Authors: Hosseini Zhaleh , Marashi Sayed-Amir
Published: February 2017

Flux coupling analysis is a computational method which is able to explain co-expression of metabolic genes by analyzing the topological structure of a metabolic network. It has been suggested that if genes in two seemingly fully-coupled reactions are not highly co-expressed, then these two reactions are not fully coupled in reality, and hence, there is a gap or missing reaction in the network. Here, we present GAUGE as a novel approach for gap filling of metabolic networks, which is a two-step algorithm based on a mixed integer linear programming formulation. In GAUGE, the discrepancies between experimental co-expression data and predicted flux coupling relations is minimized by adding a minimum number of reactions to the network. We show that GAUGE is able to predict missing reactions of E. coli metabolism that are not detectable by other popular gap filling approaches. We propose that our algorithm may be used as a complementary strategy for the gap filling problem of metabolic networks. Since GAUGE relies only on gene expression data, it can be potentially useful for exploring missing reactions in the metabolism of non-model organisms, which are often poorly characterized, cannot grow in the laboratory, and lack genetic tools for generating knockouts.
A nonmonotonic dependence of the contact angles on the surface polarity for a model solid surface
Authors: Qi Chonghai , Zhou Bo , Wang Chunlei , Zheng Yujun , Fang Haiping
Published: February 2017

We found an unusual nonmonotonic contact angle dependence of the surface polarity (denoted as q) on a solid surface with specific charge patterns, where the contact angle firstly decreases and then increases as q increases from 0 e to 1.0 e.
Co2SnO4 nanoparticles as a high performance catalyst for oxidative degradation of rhodamine B dye and pentachlorophenol by activation of peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Ali Monaam Ben , Barras Alexandre , Addad Ahmed , Sieber Brigitte , Elhouichet Habib , Férid Mokhtar , Szunerits Sabine , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: February 2017

Spinel Co2SnO4 NPs, prepared by hydrothermal process, are applied for PMS activation for organic pollutants degradation.
Bipyridine based metallogels: an unprecedented difference in photochemical and chemical reduction in the in situ nanoparticle formation
Authors: Tatikonda Rajendhraprasad , Bertula Kia , Nonappa Nonappa , Hietala Sami , Rissanen Kari , Haukka Matti
Published: February 2017

Reduction of silver containing metallogels led to formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNP's). Considerable size and morphological differences of the AgNP's were observed between the standard chemical and photochemical reduction of the metallogels.
A facile and green synthesis of colloidal Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals and their application in highly efficient solar water splitting
Authors: Suryawanshi Mahesh , Shin Seung Wook , Ghorpade Uma , Song Donghoon , Hong Chang Woo , Han Sang-Soo , Heo Jaeyeong , Kang Soon Hyung , Kim Jin Hyeok
Published: February 2017

The development of solution-processable routes as well as compounds consisting of earth abundant elements is highly desirable to reduce the fabrication cost of solar energy harvesting devices.
Constrained decoupled power predictive controller for a single‐phase grid‐tied inverter
Authors: Shadmand Mohammad B. , Li Xiao , Balog Robert S. , Abu Rub Haitham
Published: February 2017

This study presents a decoupled active and reactive power control technique, for a single‐phase grid‐tied inverter, using model predictive control (MPC). The proposed technique does not use conventional phase‐locked loop, pulse‐width modulation nor a synchronisation transform, which makes the control algorithm well suited for an all‐digital implementation. The proposed controller minimises the number of switching state transitions required to control the grid‐side current while simultaneously constraining the harmonics distortions and protecting the inverter from overcurrent condition. In this study, the switching frequency is reduced by using a look‐up table to minimise the number of switching state transitions, which helps lowering down the switching losses. The proposed technique uses an adaptive weight factor which gives more priority to commanded power tracking during transient, and minimises the tracking error and switching frequency in steady state while constraining the harmonics distortion. This method improves the tracking performance as well as reduces the switching losses by minimising the switching frequency compared to the MPC with fixed weight factor and conventional decoupled power control. Thus, the outcome of proposed controller is a constraint multi‐objective optimisation between the switching frequency reduction and grid‐side current harmonics in terms of cost function with weighting factor.
Semiconductor metamaterial fools the Hall effect
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: February 2017

A structure made entirely out of an n-type semiconductor can mimic some properties of a p-type semiconductor.
High-energy-density science blooms at NIF
Authors: Kramer David
Published: February 2017

The weapons facility is exploring phenomena found in brown dwarfs, the cores of “super Earths,” new phases of carbon, and other extreme environments.
Agent causation as a solution to the problem of action
Authors: Brent Michael
Published: February 2017

My primary aim is to defend a nonreductive solution to the problem of action. I argue that when you are performing an overt bodily action, you are playing an irreducible causal role in bringing about, sustaining, and controlling the movements of your body, a causal role best understood as an instance of agent causation. Thus, the solution that I defend employs a notion of agent causation, though emphatically not in defence of an account of free will, as most theories of agent causation are. Rather, I argue that the notion of agent causation introduced here best explainshow it isthat you are making your body move during an action, thereby providing a satisfactory solution to the problem of action.
The Archives of the Order of the Golden Fleece and Music
Authors: Haggh Barbara
Published: February 2017

Even though no medieval chivalric order was known to have patronized musicians, there was reason to believe that music had played a prominent role in the ceremonies of the Burgundian Order of the Golden Fleece in the fifteenth century. The first two sovereigns of the Order, Dukes Philip and Charles of Burgundy, were enthusiastic patrons of skilled composers and performers. And the meetings of the Order were unusually splendid, to judge from contemporary accounts, chronicles and paintings. Chronicles describing the Feast of the Pheasant organized by the Order in Lille in 1454 to launch a crusade are especially full of details about the performance of polyphonic music.
Mille regretz as Model: Possible Allusions to ‘The Emperor's Song’ in the Chanson Repertory
Authors: Rees Owen
Published: February 2017

Mille regretz is today one of the best-known chansons attributed to Josquin des Prez. That fame is no doubt due in part to its inherent musical worth, but also owes not a little to the intriguing title which Luys de Narváez attached to it in the vihuela anthology Los seys libros del delphin de musica (Valladolid, 1538): ‘la cancion del Emperador’ (‘the emperor's song’). Narváez's testimony should certainly not be dismissed out of hand, for two reasons. First, he may already at the date of the publication have been close to the court of Charles V. Second, there exists corroborative evidence of a connection between the chanson and Charles in the form of Moralės's six-voice parody Mass based on Mille regretz: although the book in which this Mass was published is dedicated to Cosimo de’ Medici, the Missa Mille regretz opens with a decorative woodcut showing Charles's coat of arms.
Bilateral comparison on the calibration of a set of F1 mass standards between IBMETRO (Bolivia) and INTI (Argentina)
Authors: Quille Ruben , Sanchez Jorge , Escalante Boris
Published: February 2017

Mass calibration is an important activity for National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), due to the amount of measurements on scientific, industrial and legal activities that have traceability to the national mass standards of each country.

In order to evaluate the stated uncertainty and degree of equivalence between INTI-Argentina and IBMETRO-Bolivia on mass calibration a bilateral comparison was agreed between both laboratories.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Letter: can addition of an immunomodulator really reverse antibody formation and loss of response in patients treated with adalimumab?
Authors: Bendtzen K. , Steenholdt C.
Published: February 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Ungar et al and Ben‐Horin et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13862 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13932.
Radiolabeling, quality control, and biological characterization of 177Lu‐labeled kanamycin
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Usman , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Khalid Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad Razeen , Roohi Samina , Hina Saira , Mehmood Sajid , Sohaib Muhammad , Jabbar Tania
Published: February 2017

Kanamycin is an antibiotic, isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus, which is used to treat serious bacterial infections. The fact that the present radioligand 99mTc‐kanamycin used for diagnosis is short‐lived, raised a need to label and study kanamycin with one of the most important beta (β) radiation emitting isotope 177Lu. Labeling yield of 177Lu‐kanamycin was confirmed by different chromatography techniques such as paper chromatography, TLC, HPLC. Several experiments were performed to optimize labeling with changing reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, amount of ligand, and reaction time. In vitro stability analysis was performed incubation with human serum. Electrophoresis analysis was also conducted to determine the charge on 177Lu‐kanamycin. The biodistribution and scintigraphy were performed in normal mice and rabbit, respectively, at different time intervals of postinjection. 177Lu‐kanamycin was prepared with very high yield (~100%), with excellent stability in vivo and in vitro (>99% 6 hr postprep.), at pH 7. Maximum labeling was achieved at less reaction time (15 min), with maximum conjugation of the ligand (12.5 mg) with 177Lu. Electrophoresis analysis showed net neutral charge. The radioligand showed rapid clearance from body in biodistribution and scintigraphy studies. The preparation 177Lu‐kanamycin could be used as a radio‐pharmaceutical for infection imaging purpose, especially when transporting the radioligand to long‐range distances.
Lack of evidence for prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor intron‐1 CA repeats for oral carcinomas
Authors: Precht Clarissa , Blessmann Marco , Kluwe Lan , Scheld Theresa , Schön Gerhard , Henningsen Anders , Pflug Christina , Smeets Ralf , Heiland Max , Gröbe Alexander
Published: February 2017

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is altered in several malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. A CA‐repeat polymorphism in intron‐1 (CA‐SSR‐1) of the EGFR gene is reported to influence EGFR expression and is associated with features of various solid tumors and outcomes of cancer patients. In the present study we evaluated the influence of length and zygosity of CA‐SSR‐1 on the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The length and zygosity of CA‐SSR‐1 was obtained through microsatellite analysis in 91 patients with oral cancer, who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany, during the years 1998–2008. Follow up was conducted until 2016. Outcome measures were age, gender, tumor stage, occurrence of metastases, and date of recurrence or death. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi‐square test and the log‐rank test. Neither length nor zygosity of the CA‐SSR‐1 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma was significantly correlated with sex, age, tumor size, tumor localization, lymph node involvement, metastasis status, disease‐free survival, or overall survival. Length and zygosity of the CA‐SSR‐1 polymorphism in EGFR is not able to serve as a prognostic biomarker in White European patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Gender Stereotypes and Venture Support Decisions: How Governmental Venture Capitalists Socially Construct Entrepreneurs’ Potential
Authors: Malmström Malin , Johansson Jeaneth , Wincent Joakim
Published: February 2017

In the present study, we conduct a discourse analysis on a set of longitudinal observations of government venture capitalists’ decisions to identify how gender stereotypes are socially constructed and activated when assessing entrepreneurs’ potential in the financial distribution of venture support. The present study finds that female entrepreneurs risk receiving significantly less venture capital, which is caused by the language and rhetoric used that relates to gender differences when funding decisions are made. We consider and discuss the implications of our results for related research about distributing venture capital and the social constructions of female and male entrepreneurs.
Effects of pore diameters on phase, oxidation resistance, and thermal shock resistance of the porous Si2N2O ceramics
Authors: Lin Shaojie , Ye Feng , Ding Junjie , Yang Chunping , Ma Jie , Dong Shangli , Liu Qiang
Published: February 2017

Porous silicon oxynitride (Si2N2O) ceramics were prepared by gas pressure sintering at 1650°C for 2 hour under 1.5 MPa N2 in two different powder beds, that is, h‐BN/Si3N4 or h‐BN/(Si3N4 + SiO2). Effects of the gaseous atmosphere in the powder bed and the pore diameter in the ceramics on formation of the Si2N2O phase and the oxidation resistance of the sintered porous ceramics were investigated. Results showed that presence of the gaseous SiO in the powder bed played a crucial role in suppressing decomposition of the Si2N2O phase at the outer surface of the material. Permeability of the gaseous substances was decreased when the pore diameter was small, to affect the phase composition and the oxidation behavior of the porous Si2N2O ceramics. The oxidation weight gain curves of the porous Si2N2O ceramics fitted the asymptotic law. No significant changes in the dielectric constant of the Si2N2O ceramics were observed after oxidation at 1000°C‐1200°C for up to 30 minutes, whereas the dielectric loss tangent was reduced by oxidation due to formation of SiO2. The as‐obtained porous Si2N2O ceramics could withstand a highest thermal shock of 1200°C when the outer surface could be sealed by the oxidation‐derived SiO2 layer.
Balance between site fidelity and habitat preferences in colony site selection by herons and egrets
Authors: Carrasco Luis , Toquenaga Yukihiko , Mashiko Miyuki
Published: February 2017

Habitat selection in avian species is a hierarchical process driven by different factors acting at multiple scales. Habitat preferences and site fidelity are two main factors affecting how colonial birds choose their breeding locations. Although these two factors affect how colonial species choose their habitats, previous studies have only focused on one factor at a time to explain the distribution of species at regional scales. Here we used 28 yr of colony location data of herons and egrets around Ibaraki prefecture in Japan in order to analyze the relative importance of habitat preferences and colony site fidelity for selecting breeding locations. We used Landsat satellite images together with a ground survey‐based map to create land‐use maps for past years and determine the habitats surrounding the herons and egrets colonies. Combining the estimated colony site fidelity with the habitat data, we used a random forest algorithm to create habitat selection models, which allowed us to analyze the changes in the importance of those factors over the years. We found high levels of colony site fidelity for each year of study, with its relative importance as a predictor for explaining colony distribution increasing drastically in the most recent five years. The increase in collective site fidelity could have been caused by recent changes in the population size of grey herons Ardea cinerea, a key species for colony establishment. We observed a balance between habitat preferences and colony site fidelity: habitat preferences were a more powerful predictor of colony distribution until 2008, when colony site fidelity levels were lower. Considering changes in the relative importance of these factors can lead to a better understanding of the habitat selection process and help to analyze bird species’ responses to environmental changes.
Superinfection interference between dengue‐2 and dengue‐4 viruses in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Muturi Ephantus J. , Buckner Eva , Bara Jeffrey
Published: February 2017

Objective

Dengue virus consists of four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV 1‐4) that are transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. In many dengue‐endemic regions, co‐circulation of two or more DENV serotypes is fairly common increasing the likelihood for exposure of the two vectors to multiple serotypes. We used a model system of DENV‐2 and DENV‐4 to investigate how prior exposure of Aedes aegypti to one DENV serotype affects its susceptibility to another serotype.

Methods

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were sequentially infected with DENV‐2 and DENV‐4 and the infection and dissemination rates for each virus determined.

Results

We found that prior infection of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with DENV‐4 rendered them significantly less susceptible to secondary infection with DENV‐2. Although the results were not statistically significant, mosquitoes infected with DENV‐2 were also less susceptible to secondary infection with DENV‐4. The midgut dissemination and population dissemination rates for DENV‐2 were significantly higher than those of DENV‐4 when either virus was administered 7 days after administration of either a non‐infectious blood meal or a blood meal containing a heterologous dengue serotype.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that superinfection interference between DENV serotypes is possible within Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, but its effect on DENV epidemiology may be dependent on the fitness of interacting serotypes.
Vibrations of a Simply Supported Cross Flow Heat Exchanger Tube With Axial Load and Loose Supports
Authors: Sadath Anwar , Vinu V. , Vyasarayani C. P.
Published: February 2017

In this work, a mathematical model is developed for simulating the vibrations of a single flexible cylinder under crossflow. The flexible tube is subjected to an axial load and has loose supports. The equation governing the dynamics of the tube under the influence of fluid forces (modeled using quasi-steady approach) is a partial delay differential equation (PDDE). Using the Galerkin approximation, the PDDE is converted into a finite number of delay differential equations (DDE). The obtained DDEs are used to explore the nonlinear dynamics and stability characteristics of the system. Both analytical and numerical techniques were used for analyzing the problem. The results indicate that, with high axial loads and for flow velocities beyond certain critical values, the system can undergo flutter or buckling instability. Post-flutter instability, the amplitude of vibration grows until it impacts with the loose support. With a further increase in the flow velocity, through a series of period doubling bifurcations the tube motion becomes chaotic. The critical flow velocity is same with and without the loose support. However, the loose support introduces chaos. It was found that when the axial load is large, the linearized analysis overestimates the critical flow velocity. For certain high flow velocities, limit cycles exist for axial loads beyond the critical buckling load.
Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago
Authors: Siska Veronika , Jones Eppie Ruth , Jeon Sungwon , Bhak Youngjune , Kim Hak-Min , Cho Yun Sung , Kim Hyunho , Lee Kyusang , Veselovskaya Elizaveta , Balueva Tatiana , Gallego-Llorente Marcos , Hofreiter Michael , Bradley Daniel G. , Eriksson Anders , Pinhasi Ron , Bhak Jong , Manica Andrea
Published: February 2017

Early Neolithic (~7700-year-old) genetic data from the Russian Far East implies a high level of genetic continuity in this region.
Mexican scientists feel the Trump effect
Authors: Wade Lizzie
Published: February 2017

Economic crisis, border wall threaten collaborations.
Researchers close in on ancient dinosaur proteins
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: February 2017

“Milestone” paper opens door to molecular approach.
The pulse of the people
Authors: Bohannon John
Published: February 2017

Can internet data outdo costly and unreliable polls in predicting election outcomes?
An ecosystem-based deep-ocean strategy
Authors: Danovaro R. , Aguzzi J. , Fanelli E. , Billett D. , Gjerde K. , Jamieson A. , Ramirez-Llodra E. , Smith C. R. , Snelgrove P. V. R. , Thomsen L. , Dover C. L. Van
Published: February 2017

Monitoring and assessment must underpin development of a new international agreement
Organelle inheritance—what players have skin in the game?
Authors: Gruneberg Ulrike , Barr Francis
Published: February 2017

Peroxisomes contribute to cell division and differentiation decisions in the mammalian epidermis
Vera Cooper Rubin (1928—2016)
Authors: Urry C. Megan
Published: February 2017

An astronomer who changed how we view the universe