bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Super-High Strength Al Alloys by Spray Forming
Authors: Zhang Guo Wei , Chen Zhen , Chen Wei , Xin Hai Ying , Zhai Jing , Guo An Zhen , Ma Li , Chen Gang
Published: June 2012

To analysis the microstructure and properties of super-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing Zr ,Ni and Mn, the apparatus of SEM、TEM、and Tensile machine was used. The results show that the microstructure was fine and homogeneous, the phases became finer for the alloys with adding Zr, Mn, Ni than the alloy with Zr only after solid solution. The ultimate tensile strength of the alloy was 850MPa and the elongation was 5% respectively at peak aging.
Research on a New Type Grain Refiner Refining α-Al by Adding Molten State and Diluted Al-Ti-B-RE Master Alloy
Authors: Wang Zheng Jun
Published: June 2012

Al-Ti-B-RE master alloy was prepared by casting of pure Ti. To improve the quality and reduce the cost of α- Al, the Al-Ti-B-RE master alloy was added to α-Al in molten and diluted state. The refining method had the advantages of shorter contact time and better refining effect. The array of the second phase particles was separated and the nucleating rate was greatly increased. Analysis and comparison of the refining effects were by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM).The refining experiment showed that the molten and diluted state Al-Ti-B-RE by oneself had better grain refining performance and had obvious advantages over Al-Ti-B in domestic.
Effects of Ni/Ti Ratio and Heat-Treatment on Transformation Temperature, Mechanical Properties and Shape Recovery Strain of Ni-Ti-Nb Alloy
Authors: Feng Zhao Wei , Wang Jiang Bo , Mi Xu Jun , Miao Wei Dong , Yuan Zhi Shan , Zhou Jin
Published: June 2012

Ni-Ti-Nb wide hysteresis shape memory alloys of three Ni/Ti ratio components were manufactured by vacuum induction melting. The transformation temperature, mechanical properties and recovery strain were studied by using differential scanning calorimeter and material testing machine. It shows that with Ni/Ti ratio increase, the transformation temperature and mechanical properties decrease. Shape recovery strain is higher when Ni/Ti ratio is 1.068, with recovery strain range from 6.8 to 7.5. The faster the cooling rate after annealing, the higher is the transformation temperature, and the lower are the mechanical properties and recovery strain.
Study on Cyclic Load Creep Test of the Nickel-Based Super Alloy K403
Authors: Ning Xiang Rong , Cai Xian Xin , Yi Lu , Chen Wei
Published: June 2012

A creep test of the Nickel-based superalloy K403 is performed and the test result shows that the creep deformation under the cyclic load is larger than that under the static load distinctly, which can provide references for the creep deformation analysis of the engine hot parts.
The Influence of Composition on the Material Structure and Performance of 3104 Aluminum-Alloy Canbody Material
Authors: Huang Rui Yin , Yin Zhi Min , Huang Qi Wu , Liao Ming Shun
Published: June 2012

Effect of content of Fe,Si and Fe/Si on Structure and Properties of 3014 can-body were studied by using tensile test, stamping test, SEM, XRD, etc. The results show that:(1) The sum of Cube and Goss texture in 3104 aluminum-alloy canbody is about 40%. The influence of brass texture{011}, S texture{123}, copper texture Cu{112}, cube texture{001} and Goss texture{011} is balanced, resulting in ears in 8 directions and low earing rate. Fe/Si of 1.8 possesses less content of Brass compared to Fe/Si of 3.2 ，and less earing rate; (2)The phase size of compound particles of Al(Fe,Mn,Si) in the second phase of 3104 aluminum-alloy canbody shouldn’t exceed 22μm, Lumpy compound particles will compromise the life of moulds.
Effect of KBF4 Addition on the Microstructure of Mg-6Zn-1Si Alloy
Authors: Zhang Bao Feng , Chen Qi , Chen Xiao Wei , Zhao Hong Liang
Published: June 2012

In this study, the effect of KBF4 addition on the microstructure of the Mg-6Zn-1Si alloy has been investigated by Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). At 1.5wt% KBF4 addition, the morphology of Mg2Si phase completely changed from Chinese script type into uniformly, dispersedly distributed graininess or small block, with the average size of the Mg-6Zn-1Si alloy decreasing from 135μm to 82μm.
Rigid Finite Element Modeling of Ball Screw System
Authors: Li Yi Hao , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2012

An integrated modeling method is proposed for ball screw drives which incorporates the elastic deformation of the screw within the nut. The ball screw model is derived based on Rigid Finite Element method, which is modeled as rigid multibody system consisting of rigid finite elements connected with spring damping elements, by using Rigid Finite Element method. The distributed contact stiffness of screw-nut interface is converted on ball screw and nut via Frenet-Serret coordinates. The proposed ball screw model has much less degrees of freedom than conventional finite element models. Comparisons between numerical simulations and experiments show that satisfied accuracy can also be obtained. The resulting model can be used for vibration analysis and control of ball screw drives.
Analysis of Hottest-Spot Temperature Distribution in Cast-Resin Dry-Type Transformer Design
Authors: Sun Xing Tao , Mu Zhang
Published: June 2012

In the cast-resin dry-type transformer design, the determination of winding hottest-spot temperature rise is very important. It determines the safe and cost of transformers. In this paper, a thermal model for analysis of the hottest-spot temperature distribution of cast-resin dry-type transformer has been introduced. The model is based on electrical analogy method and a current source is used to represent the thermal flow source of windings, and a nonlinear resistor is used to represent the effect of air in duct. A 500kVA cast-resin dry-type transformer has been selected and experiment is carried out to demonstrate the model
Influence of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure in HCCI/Steel Bimetal Composite Hammer
Authors: Wei Ning , Wang Kai , Zhou Xiang Kui , Wang Qiang , Liu Qiang , He Ji Cheng
Published: June 2012

The HCCI/carbon steel bimetal composite hammer was prepared by bimetal liquid cast process and the effect of cooling rate, which is obtained by different mold material, on the microstructures of hypereutectic HCCI was studied. The results show that the primary carbides and eutectic carbides are refined with the increase of cooling rate. Good metallurgical combination of the HCCI/carbon steel bimetal hammer can be reached by bimetal liquid cast process with fast cooling mold.
Properties of Vanadium Oxide Films Prepared by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Different Oxygen Partial Pressures
Authors: Huang Ren Gui , Zhang Dong Ping , Zhang Ting , Li Yan , Chen You Tong , Zhong Yong Lin , Fan Ping
Published: June 2012

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, vanadium oxide thin films have become a hot research topic. In the present work, Vanadium oxide thin films were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different oxygen partial pressure and thermally annealed in Ar atmosphere at 500°C for 2 hours. The microstructure, transmittance, optical band gap, resistivity, and temperature coefficient resistance (TCR) were measured. The results suggest that increasing of oxygen partial pressure can obviously improve the optical and electric properties
Effect of Partitioning of Quenching-Partitioning-Tempering Process on Microstructures and Hardness in High Carbon Steels
Authors: Zeng Yang Zheng , Wu Kai Ming , Hu Feng , Zheng Hua
Published: June 2012

The effect of partitioning process of quenching-partitioning-tempering (Q-P-T) process on hardness and microstructure were investigated. The 1-step Q-P-T and 2-step Q-P-T heat treatment were designed and carried out. The microstructure and carbides were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. Results showed that compared with 1-step Q-P-T heat treatment, more amount of retained austenite was obtained by 2-step Q-P-T heat treatment, however, the carbides were bigger in size and the hardness was lower.
Numerical Simulation and Mechanical Analysis of Special-Channel Steel Sheet on Cold Roll Forming Process
Authors: Huang Qiu Bo , Yang Qing Bo , Ji Xiang An
Published: June 2012

In this paper the explicit dynamic finite element method with the software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate the cold-roll forming process of special-channel steel sheet is studied, and it can reveal the forming rule, and analyze mechanical performance, which has specific theory significance and application value.
On STL Subdivision Algorithm of Parametric Cross Wedge Die
Authors: Yuan Wen Sheng , Wang Zhong Lei , Li Zhao Dong , Cheng Gang
Published: June 2012

Aiming at solving the problem of the complicated structure and difficult 3D modeling of cross wedge rollors, the article does some research on the 3D cross wedge die based on STL documents. In accordiance with the data of parametric cross wedge die, adopting the STL document format, aotomatically construct the 3D shape of the model, this method can increase the efficiency of designing the modeling of cross wedge rollors; since most CAM, CAE systems can read STL document, this method can speed up the CAE and CAM systems in order to provide 3D geomatrical model quickly.
Research of Technological Factors on Producing Oxygen-Free Copper Strip in Horizontal Continuous Casting
Authors: Sun Zu Li , Guo Ming En , Guo Yu Chen
Published: June 2012

In the method that the oxygen-free copper strips are produced through undercurrent horizontal continuous casting-cold rolling process, there are some coarse grains, microscopic cracks, shrinkage, shrinkage and segregation defects in the oxygen-free copper strip billet, which debase the densities of the strip billet, and are the main reasons for rejected castings during machining operation. Through the orthogonal experiment of the technical factors in the casting process, the mapping model of artificial neural networks have been established using the data obtained in the experiments, which built the relationship among the densities of casting blank and technological factors. With the help of this model, the optimal casting conditions have been researched by using GA optimizations method and real experiments. The results show that micro-structure of castings was improved and the densities of the strip billets are enhanced.
The Effect of Al2O3 as a Sintering Aid on the Densification of B4C by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Jiang Quan Zhen , Li Yun Kai , Sun Chuan , Wang Yun Fei , Wan Ming Ming , Zhu Ling Bo
Published: June 2012

The effect of the Al2O3 additive on the densification behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of the B4C–xwt%Al2O3 composites sintered by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS) process were investigated. It was found that addition of Al2O3 improve the sinterability of B4C at temperatures between 1700 and 1800°C remarkably. The composite samples which with an addition of 4 wt% Al2O3 and sintering at 1750°C exhibits excellent mechanical properties (relative density: 98.82%, hardness: 90.6 HRA).
Forming Margin Diagram for Tube Hydroforming with Radial Crushing under Linear Loading Path
Authors: Tao Zhi Hua , Yang Lian Fa
Published: June 2012

Tube hydroforming with radial crushing (THFRC) process is one of tube hydroforming methods that is suitable for overlong structure parts forming process avoiding wrinkling and bursting failure. In this paper, the Forming Margin Diagram (FMD) for THFRC process was presented to optimize loading paths. Initially, parameters of Finite Element (FE) simulation in this study were represented, which contained FE model and linear loading paths. Afterwards, boundaries of the FMD were delimited based on real working status. Moreover, curves of corner radius, bursting failure and thickness uniform rate were determined by FE simulation results to establish the FMD, and the curves and zones on the FMD were analyzed simultaneously. Furthermore, features of contour lines were discussed, and the usage of the FMD was introduced.
Effect of Temperature in Superplastic Forming in Al6063/SiCp Composites
Authors: Ananth S. Vijay , Kumerasan M , Kalaichelvan K.
Published: June 2012

Superplastic forming in Al6063/SiCp composites having a wide range of applications in aerospace and automobile industries due to the high strength and wear resistance[7]. High percentage of elongation was obtained only at high temperatures. At high temperatures liquid phase will form in the grain boundaries. Due to the liquid phase, grain boundary sliding was easy to get the Newtonian viscous flow[1]. In composites high ductility was obtained only the temperature more than 560°C. The maximum dome height of 19 mm was obtained at 580°C. Temperature is more than 600°C the material was failed, fracture was occurred.
An Experimental Study for the Effect of Contact Stress of Blank Holder and Punch Velocity on Crack Ratio of Fine-Blanked Surface
Authors: Ding Ri Xian , Guo Cheng , Zhang Huan Huan
Published: June 2012

In this study, the parameters (i.e., contact stress at the die-sheet interface and the punch velocity) were measured by the installation of film stress sensors in the fine-blanking die. A regression model was established to investigate the degree of importance of the parameters and their interaction on reducing the crack ratio of fine-blanked surface. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then performed to check the adequacy of the regression model. The optimal results of the regression model agreed well with the experimental result. The regression analysis indicated that the contact stress have a major influence, followed by the interaction and the punch velocity. The importance of the interaction means that the ability of contact stress in crack ratio reduction depends on the level of punch velocity. The result could be useful to facilitate an improvement in the quality of the fine-blanked parts by the optimization parameters.
Application of Fuzzy Controller with Self-Tuning Scaling Factors for the Filling System of Counter-Gravity Casting
Authors: Li Qiang , Hao Qi Tang , Jie Wan Qi
Published: June 2012

Pressurization control system plays an important role in the process control at the stages of riser-tube filling, mold-filling, pressure-increasing and pressure maintaining in counter-gravity casting. Casting quality is affected by the precision of pressurization control system to a great extent. Input and output scaling factors of conventional fuzzy controller are static, which is hard to ensure a suitable state for various counter-gravity casting equipments. A new fuzzy controller with self-tuning scaling factors has been developed in our laboratory, which will be described in this paper. Input and output scaling factors of fuzzy controller are tuned by different error ranges. When the differential pressure error is large, output scaling factor is increased to speed up dynamic response. At the same time, input scaling factors are also increased in order to reduce steady state error. Compared to fuzzy controller and conventional PID controller, fuzzy-PID controller with self-tuning scaling factors has more steady-state precision and excellent robustness. Experimental results show that at riser-tube filling stage and mold-filling stage the gas flow is stable, and the tracking property of pressurization control system is very satisfactory.
Influence of Casting Process for Technological Yield of Thin Wall Steel Castings by Last Solidifying Feeding Mechanism
Authors: Yang Da Chun
Published: June 2012

For the steel castings which is thin wall, uniform thickness, complex structure, and no special mechanical properties, it is feasible that the foundry technology was designed according to the last solidifying feeding mechanism. Adopting this process for the thin wall steel castings, the pouring temperature must be controlled and the gating system be designed rationally. Using self-feeding shrinkage in solidification, and the casting was poured and congealing at the same time. The shrinkage of finally congealing part was fed by small riser or gating system (no riser). Using this foundry technology, the casting process yield and surface quality of casting may be improved, the production cost is reduced, and the requirements of mechanical properties can be met.
Development Status and Applications Prospect of Squeeze Casting Technology
Authors: Yang Hai Bo , Zhao Xing Sheng , Fan Wei Zhong , Chen Xue Wen , Xu De Ying
Published: June 2012

Squeeze casting(liquid forging), a process technology that combines casting- forging and near net-shape high-quality engineering components，is always subjected high attention of the industrial circle. The squeeze casting technology which refers to improve the products properties and expand the applicable range of the squeeze casting is developing fast. With the Flourishing development of car industry and the constant renewal of National Defense Equipment, it raises a new requirement for squeeze casting industry. This paper discusses the process technology and casting machine of domestic and overseas.
The Difference between Microstructures and Optical Properties of Pb1-xGexTe Thin Films Evaporated Using Electron Beam and Resistance Heating Respectively
Authors: Li Bin , Xie Ping , Zhang Su Ying , Liu Ding Quan
Published: June 2012

Lead germanium telluride (Pb1-xGexTe), a pseudo-binary alloy of IV-VI narrow gap semiconductors PbTe and GeTe, is considered a potential mechanically robust high-index coating material. Pb1-xGexTe thin films were evaporated on silicon substrates from the ingots of single crystals using electron beam and resistance heating, respectively. The surface topographies and compositions of thin-films were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX); the transmission spectra in a spectral range of 2.5~12 μm were also examined. Thin films demonstrated columnar microstructure; moreover, those evaporated using e-beam heating have much larger granular dimensions, in comparison with those using resistance heating. The measurement of transmittance reveals the advantage of perfect stoichiometry in e-beam evaporated thin films fails to improve optical properties. It can be deduced the scattering from the larger grains may impair the optical transparency. It can be concluded that electron beam evaporation is an optimum deposition choice.
Study on the Microstructure and Properties of ZL205A Alloy under Partial Remelting Treatment
Authors: Li Min , Cai Lan Rong , Liu Peng Xin
Published: June 2012

In this paper, effects of partial remelting treatment on microstructure and properties of ZL205A alloy were studied in detail. The results show that the grain size of ZL205A alloy decreases at different degree. The grain size increases first and then decreases with increasing of returns content. The average grain size of the primary ZL205A alloy was measured to be about 60 μm, and the good result can be got of the ZL205A alloys with the average particle size of α (Al) phase being about 33 μm after adding 20wt.% returns. The ZL205A alloy with 20 wt.% returns has a considerably high tensile strength and yield strength of 525MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, which is much higher than 501 MPa and 421 MPa of primary ZL205A alloy, meanwhile the elongation level is up to14%.
Deformation Behaviors of Non-Metallic Inclusion in FGH96 Superalloy during Different Plastic Processes
Authors: Zhang Min Cong , Liu Chen Yi , Wang Shu Yun
Published: June 2012

The non-metallic inclusions in FGH96 superalloy during different plastic processes were studied. The results show that SiO2 react with aluminum and titanium in FGH96 superalloy and the reaction zone is formed in the interface between SiO2 and alloy, whereas Al2O3 react with no elements in FGH96 superalloy and the transition zone between them is mechanical combination during the plastic processes. In addition the sizes of non-metallic inclusions increase in the direction perpendicular to deformation during isothermal forging process. The non-metallic inclusions are pulled into a discontinuous line in extrusion direction and areas of non-metallic inclusions in each direction are constricted during extrusion process. The non-metallic inclusions of FGH96 superalloy is conditioned by the state of the as-extrusion inclusions during extrusion+isothermal forging process. In summary, extrusion process with large extrusion ratio can break the non-metallic inclusions in FGH96 alloy effectively and improve forging quality.
The Casting Process of the High Chromium Cast Iron Grinding Ball in Mill
Authors: Zhou Zhe Bo , Zhou Qing Hong , Liang Hai Zhen , Zhang Jin Long , Zhu Nan Nan
Published: June 2012

Aimed at the work conditions and the failure of the grinding ball in ball grinding, High chromium cast iron with the characteristics of long service life, high abrasion resistance and good shock resistance must be chose in the ball grinding . The best mixture ratio of chemical compositions was pointed out, and the production technological process by using die cast is introduced.
Micro Pattern Forming of Spiral Grooves in a Fluid Dynamic Bearing Using Desktop Forming System
Authors: Song Jung Han , Park Jeanho , Lee Jong Sup , Choi Seo Gou , Lee Hye Jin , Hwang Jeong Ho
Published: June 2012

This research explores the micro-forming process of spiral groove pattern on Fluid Dynamic Bearing(FDB), which is utilized in precision driving part of the hard disk drive(HDD), using micro desktop forming system. While EDM and ECM process has been widely used to engrave the precision pattern which generates dynamic pressure on FDBs, micro forming process is newly proposed in this study to increase the productivity and to reduce the product costs. At first, desktop forming system is designed for spiral groove pattern forming. FE simulations are followed in order to evaluate the feasibility of micro-forming. The simulation results show that forming loads of 1,500Kgf is required to fabricate micro patterns with the depth of 15 μm. Finally the formability test is carried out with various forming loads. Deformed shapes and forming loads obtained from the test are compared with those from the analysis. The results fully demonstrate that micro pattern forming techniques are available to fabricate micro spiral groove patterns in FDB.
The Development on 600MPa Grade Hot Rolled Sheet for Engineering Mechanism in Pangang
Authors: Zhang Kai Hua , Ye Xiao Yu , Zuo Jun
Published: June 2012

By adopting microalloying design, reasonable controlled rolling and cooling process, Pangang successful developed 600MPa grade hot rolled sheet for engineering mechanism. The average yield strength, tensile strength, elongation are 684MPa, 747MPa, 21.5%, respectively. The PQ600 steel which produced in Pangang with excellent forming property and welding property, can fully meet the requirements of users.
Constitutive Relationship and Critical Condition for Dynamic Recrystallization of Inconel 625 during Hot Deformation
Authors: Guo Sheng Li , Li De Fu , Wu Zhi Gang
Published: June 2012

Hot compression tests of the commercial Inconel 625 were performed in the temperature range of 950 - 1200 °C and strain rate range of 0.01 - 10 s-1. The constitutive relationship and the critical condition for dynamic recrystallization of Inconel 625 were established. The influence of strain on the flow stress was investigated by considering the effect of the strain on material constants. It was found that a five-order polynomial was suitable to represent the influence of the strain. The stress-strain curves obtained by the proposed constitutive equation showed a good agreement with experimental results. It can be used for the analysis problem of hot forming processes.The critical condition for dynamic recrystallization was obtained by using strain hardening rate. The critical strain increased with temperature decreasing and strain rate increasing. The critical condition for dynamic recrystallization can be expressed as .
Design and Manufacturing of Punching Die of Thickening Steel Plate
Authors: Liu Xiao Peng , Zheng Xin Jian
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Based on the development of blanking of steel plate in automobile industry, design features and manufacturing technology of the blanking die of thick steel plate has been described in this article. And then, according to the production, the selection of the clearance between core plate and cavity plate of the blanking die of thick steel plate has been introduced. In addition, assemblage, adjusting steps and fault treatment of blanking die of thick steel plate has been recommended, so has the breakdown types and its elimination of the blanking die of thick steel plate during the initial stage of process.
Research and Application of the Enviromental Automatic Sandblast Derusting Machine
Authors: Long Bin , Tang De Yu , Wang Ke Kuan , Liu Ming Zhu , Zhao Bin Jie
Published: June 2012

This article describes the composition, working principle and the effect of an enviromental automatic sandblast derusting tool, and the equipment consists of air compressors, sand blasting machine, walking rack and control system. The dual-nozzle form of recycling of steel grit and rust dust using the vacuum principle, and is able to quickly complete the pipeline to fill the mouth of the sand-blasting operations. The application shows that the performance of the device is reliable, simple operation, high recovery rate of steel grit and dust, safety and environmental protection, and the rust cleaning effect reaches Sa2.5 class.
Primary Study of Dieless Drawing Process for Bimetal Tube
Authors: Wang Hui Feng , Han Jing Tao , Liu Jing , Zhang Yong Jun
Published: June 2012

At present, bimetal tube has been used wildly in industry and there are many methods for preparation these kinds of tubes. In consideration of deficiencies of available methods, a new technique of bimetal tube preparation was presented in this paper. With appropriate design and manufacture of facility and design of experiment, copper clad steel tube was prepared. Feasibility and practicability of this process was verified by conclusion of research. At last, the following study was discussed.
Pitch Carbon Fiber Melt Spinning Diameter Stabilization Method Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network
Authors: Yuan Ju Mei , Shen Yu Xiao , Liu Bin , Zhou Min , Liu Jun Qing
Published: June 2012

In order to control the wire diameter stability for pitch carbon fiber melt-spinning effectively, this can affect the performance of carbon fiber. This paper presents an asphalt carbon fiber melt-spinning wire diameter stabilization method based on radial basis function neural network. Firstly, the relation model that pitch carbon fiber melt-spinning wire diameter, spinning temperature, spinning pressure and spinning roller speed was established through measured data based on radial basis function neural network. Then control the spinning temperature, pressure and spinning rollers speed coordination changes to ensure the stability of spinning wire diameter in spinning process. Finally, we apply this method to our laboratory measured data and compared with existing experience formula. The result shows that the method is feasible and effective
Design and Testing of the Precise Cutting Test Bed for Micron Paring Machining
Authors: Guo Han , Ma Yan
Published: June 2012

The test bed for micron paring machining is a kind of Computer numerical control (CNC) carpentry test beds. Movement of machine is controlled automatically according to processing instructions, machining of different raw materials can be realized by simply changing the processing instruction program. The test bed’s precision and its persistence are mainly guaranteed by the lathe bed, and have an air clamping device and its feeding mechanism includes a stepper motor for CNC feeding. At the end of the thesis, the conclusion of experiment presents widths of micron parings machined by cutting lengthways along the grain fall between 50~150 µm. With further analysis, around 72% of the parings are 60~100 µm thick, around 75% are 5~8 mm wide, around 78% are 65~75 mm long. The results show micron parings machined by the specialised test bed meet the design requirements for micron parings.
Influence of Bar-Cutting Material on the Formation of MEFP
Authors: Yin Jian Ping , Zhang Hong Cheng , Wang Zhi Jun , Fu Lu
Published: June 2012

The density of bar-cutting wire reflects the intensity of cutting material, in order to evaluate the influence of the cutting material on the formation and hitting probabilities of MEFP, numerical simulations of the forming process of MEFP passing through the cutting bar with different material like aluminum alloy, steel, copper and tungsten are carried out in Lagrange method of LS-DYNA. Then the influence of different cutting material on MEFP’s damage efficiency is analyzed based on the damage index of divergence angle. The results indicate that the cutting material has an obvious influence on the formation of MEFP, and the greater density of cutting material is, the better influence to the formation will be. Therefore, the shorter cutting time is, the better damage efficiency of MEFP will be.
Research of Spiral Tool Path Generation Based on Point Cloud
Authors: Tang Lin Xin , Qi Cong Qian , Zhou Xiao Qing
Published: June 2012

Triangulating the point cloud get STL model, a planar spiral line can obtain by offset the STL mode. Along the Z axis projecting towards the Equidistant surface of STL model will get a spatial spiral line, it can be used in numerical control high speed machining.
Integrated Monitoring of Surface Roughness and Chip Formation by Utilizing Cutting Force and Cutting Temperature
Authors: Tangjitsitcharoen Somkiat , Ratanakuakangwan Suthas
Published: June 2012

This research presents the integration of the surface roughness and chip formation monitoring by using the cutting force and the cutting temperature during the in-process turning. The surface roughness prediction model is proposed by utilizing the response surface analysis with the Box-Behnken design. The effects of cutting parameters on the cutting force and the cutting temperature are investigated. The cutting force and the cutting temperature are measured to help analyze the relation between the surface roughness and the cutting conditions. The models of the cutting force ratio and the cutting temperature are also proposed based on the experimental data. The in-process monitoring of chip formation is developed to detect the continuous chip and the broken chip by utilizing the power spectrum density of dynamic cutting force and the variance of the dynamic cutting temperature.The broken chip formation is required for the reliable turning operation. The algorithm is proposed to obtain the broken chip by changing the cutting conditions during the cutting process based on the cutting force and the cutting temperature. It has been proved by series of cutting experiments that the proposed surface roughness model can be effectively used to predict the surface roughness, and the broken chip is well identified by the proposed method.
Analysis of Machinability of Inconel 718 in High Speed End Milling with Ceramic Inserts under Room Temperature Conditions
Authors: Amin A.K.M. Nurul , Mokhtar Suhaily , Arif Muammer Din
Published: June 2012

Inconel 718 is used for high-temperature applications in aerospace, nuclear, and automotive industries due to its resistance, at high temperatures, to corrosion, fatigue, creep, oxidation, and deformation. Unfortunately, these same qualities also impair its machinability and researchers have investigated on ways to machine it economically. Some unconventional machining practices such as: Plasma Enhanced and Laser Assisted Machining etc. have been applied. However these practices increase the machining cost. This research investigated the viability of high speed end milling of Inconel 718 using circular Silicon Nitride (ceramic) inserts under room temperature conditions. Tool wear (flank and notch wear), machining vibration amplitude and average surface roughness were evaluated for the feasibility analysis. A vertical CNC mill was used to machine Inconel 718 samples using different combinations of three primary machining parameters: cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Vibration data acquisition device and Datalog DasyLab 5.6 software were used to analyze machining vibration. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and surface profilometer were utilized to measure tool (flank and notch) wear and surface roughness, respectively. It was observed that the machining vibrations, in high speed machining, was reasonable (0.045 V on the average). This resulted in acceptable tool wear (averages: flank wear = 0.25 mm, notch wear = 0.45 mm) and semi-finished surface roughness (0.30 µm) measured after every 30 mm length of cut. Thus, room temperature high speed machining of Inconel 718 using circular silicon nitride inserts is a practical option.
Effect of Liquid-Die-Forging Pressure on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A390 Sloping Swash-Plate
Authors: Zhang Guang An , Jiang Feng , Zhou Qi , Wu Fu Fa
Published: June 2012

The effect of liquid-die-forging pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A390 sloping swash-plate forming was investigated. It was found that the microstructure and comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy were effectively improved by the liquid-die-forging pressure applied on the A390 aluminum melt. With continuous increasing of the specific pressure, the grain size of primary silicon gradually decreased, the fraction of eutectic silicon obviously decreased, and its morphology was granular mainly. When the applied pressure was 181 MPa, the size of primary silicon was reduced to about 20 μm. When the casting temperature of the alloy was 820 °C, the mould preheating temperature was 240 °C and the forging casting specific pressure reached 181 MPa, the sloping swash plate without macro-defects, and with the internal compact-gain structure and excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
The Design of Pneumatic Control System for CHT Hydrolysis Device
Authors: Mao Kai Ge , Xiong Xiao Hang , Yan Shao Feng
Published: June 2012

The working medium of the pneumatic control system is air, which is delivered to each branch pipe through the role of the governing valve , and then the divided gas delivers the compressed air to each solenoid valve and pneumatic control valve. The solenoid valves and pneumatic control valve is connected through terminals and PLC, PLC obtains corresponding signal and makes judgment, conveying signal which is delivered to the solenoid valves and pneumatic control valve to achieve ventilation and breathe action, and finally the gas reaches the cylinder . The cylinder can complete the valve body on and off, so as to realize the pneumatic system of the automatic control.
Cutting Force Prediction of Stainless Steel in High-Speed Milling
Authors: Xie Xiao Zheng , Yao Yun Ping , Zhao Rong Zhen , Jin Wu Yin
Published: June 2012

According to the components, mechanical properties of difficult-to-process material (26NiCrMoV145)as well as characteristics of high-speed machining, modelling and prediction of cutting force in high-speed milling is studied. Based on geometry model of ball end mill edge line, milling force model of helical ball milling cutter is established by theoretical analysis and empirical coefficient. Then, simulation prediction of cutting forece is conducted under different circumstances. The experimental result shows that the predicted cutting force is consistent with experimental data and the established model is reasonable. The article contributes to the milling of difficult-to-process material, which improves security and productive efficiency in processing.
Study on Surface Roughness Simulation to Lathe Machining
Authors: Xie Dong , Wang Min
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a simulation system for the cutting surface roughness based on the feed rate, spindle speed and tool material, shape and other parameters. The reasons affecting the surface quality in machining is explained. Using classic formula and empirical data, the mathematical model of the surface roughness is built to predict surface quality of parts. The paper proposes a method of the simulation system design for the machined surface quality. The simulation results could give a guide to the choice of cutting parameters in CNC machining.
Effect of Grit Size and Wall Thickness of Core Drill on Machining Quality at Hole Exit in Drilling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Laminate
Authors: Wang Wei Feng , Chen Yan , Xu Jiu Hua , Mu Juan
Published: June 2012

This article focuses on the drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminate with brazed diamond core drill under no cooling condition. The effect of grit size, wall thickness of core drill and feed speed on machining quality at the hole exit is studied. The experimental results indicate that the grit size has a significant influence on the diameter of the hole exit. The expanding factor of diameter at hole exit increases with the decrease of grit size. Both large wall thickness and high feed speed lead to serious drilling-induced defects of the hole exit. The drilling-induced defects at hole exit are transformed from broken-edge and burr to local tear.
Drilling Wear Recognition Based on Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Yan Ming Xia
Published: June 2012

Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm was introduced in detail to classify a set of original sampling data on drilling wear in this paper. Simulation results by Matlab programming show that drill wear modes can be successfully represented by four fuzzy grades after fuzzy clustering and classification. The analysis result indicates that fuzzy description can properly reflect drill wear, FCM can effectively identify different wear modes. It is suggested that the severe degree of membership of wear be used as a criterion for replacement of a drill. This technique is simple and is adaptable to different environment in automatic manufacturing
Influence of Film Hole Diameter on Soil Water and Nitrogen Transport and Distribution Characteristic under Facilities Conditions
Authors: Wu Hai Xia , Cheng Dong Juan , Wang Li Jia , Liang Liu
Published: June 2012

Through the facilities imitating experiment of film hole irrigation with nitric acid potassium solution under different film hole diameter, the content of soil water and nitric nitrogen was determined and analyzed in the different time after irrigation. The result shows: the content of soil water and nitric nitrogen under different film hole diameter reduced with time and achieved the maximum at the center while it is reverse away from film hole; soil water content decreased with the increase of film hole diameter at the same position while the nitric nitrogen content was opposite. The influence of the increase of film hole diameter on soil water and nitric nitrogen distribution is harm for plant to absorb water and nitric nitrogen, so it will be better to reduce the film hole diameter in the agriculture production. The result provided the proof for the sustainable development of facilities agriculture and evaluating the effect of nitrogen on environment.
A Study on how Grinding Technology Parameters Affect the Surface Texture Formation of Marine Diesel Engine Crankshafts
Authors: Torims Toms , Vilcans Janis , Zarins Marcis , Brutans Valdis , Ratkus Andris
Published: June 2012

New technology has been developed to permit repair work on one of the main and most important components of shipboard diesel engines—the crankshaft—without removing it from engine. It is no longer necessary to dismantle the whole engine and as such, this innovative technology significantly reduces repair costs. However, the impact of this novel grinding technology on the surface roughness parameters is not yet clear and requires additional scientific analysis. Machining technology and cutting regimes, as well as the material of the tool being used, all have a direct impact on the surface texture and consequently on the quality of the repair as a whole. Therefore, to realise this innovation, it is necessary to carry out additional research into the impact of grinding technology parameters on the surface formation of the crankshaft main and crankpin bearings (journals). Current roughness research is usually restricted to two-dimensional surface roughness parameters—simple profile analysis. Nevertheless, in practice any surface has three dimensions, which give it a characteristic texture. It is therefore also necessary to create a new theoretical 3-D surface model for crankshaft bearings surfaces. This will allow us to analyse the full-scale impact of technological grinding regimes on the actual three-dimensional surface. This study revealed that optimal 3-D surface roughness (texture) parameters for crankshafts depend upon: the mean arithmetical deviation of the surface, RaT, and two perpendicular surface spacing parameters between the peaks Sm1 and Sm2. Multifactorial research shows individual significance of each technological regime and overall impact on the 3-D parameter RaT, Sm1 and Sm2. The approach and methodology adopted for the experiments enabled us to identify the optimal and most appropriate grinding technology parameters.
A Dynamic Thrust Force Prediction Model for Drilling of CFRP
Authors: Cheng Hui , Li Yuan , Zhang Kai Fu , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2012

Thrust force is the most important element which will cause delamination in the drilling of CFRP. This paper developed a dynamic thrust force prediction model for CFRP drilling, by firstly, representing the drilling process into a three-step model. Secondly, the dynamic thrust force is decomposed into two parts. Thirdly, the thrust force components on both tool major cutting edge and chisel edge is developed according to the analysis on infinitesimal cutting unit. Lastly, several experiments are performed to compare the result of thrust force analyzed, which proves that the purposed model can analyze the dynamic thrust force in drilling of CFRP well.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field of Linear Friction Welding of 45# Carbon Steel
Authors: Liu Ze Min , Guo Zheng Hua , Zhang Shu
Published: June 2012

A 3D finite-elements model of 45# carbon steel of linear friction welding is built with the dynamic explicit code ABAQUS/explicit. The temperature field of workpiece, and the temperature change of center point of welding interface are showed in results. The center temperature of welding interface soars to 800°C, but the temperature of both ends of the welding interface are only 400°C or so at 0.75s. Then, the interface temperature rises slowly to about 920°C and maintains until welding ends.
The Impact of Adscititious Longitudinal Magnetic Field on CO2 Welding Process
Authors: Jiang Shu Yuan , Wang Xiao Wei , Chen Huan Ming , Liu Pin
Published: June 2012

Aiming at the welding arc can act with the magnetic field, has electrical quasi-neutral and electrical conductivity. This paper introduced an adscititious longitudinal magnetic field to control the CO2 welding process and used the Hanover Welding Quality Analyzer to acquire the real-time welding signal. Meanwhile, the short circuit behavior of CO2 welding under the adscititious longitudinal magnetic field, was monitored with the High-speed Photography System. The results show that when the excitation current in an optimal range, the welding current decay and the frequency of short circuit transition is uniform and faster, smaller droplet size and the welding process is more stability than welding without adscititious magnetic field.
The Research of the Auxiliary Power of Q235 Steel Friction Stir Welding Technology and Joint Microstructure’s Observation
Authors: Wang Xi Jing , Lu Yong Xin , Liang Jian Li , Ping Sun
Published: June 2012

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new and developing technology that has been used succefully in the joining of aluminum and aluminum alloys.To demonstrate the feasibility of the auxiliary power of Q235 steel friction stir welding, we used orthogonal test method to design auxiliary power FSW parameter,then welded 200mm×80mm×4mm of Q235 with the parameter. The result shows that the rotating 1200 r/min, the stay time 10s and the heating temperature 700 °C,the welding joint tensile strength can reach 332.19 MPa. Analysing the parameter fracture morphology,we found that the fracture is divided into three levels: the upper part is the ductile fracture; the middle part is the combination of the ductile fracture and the brittle fracture;the lower part is the majority of the brittle fracture, and exists the local ductile fracture. Analysing the microstructure,we found that welding joint is divided into the base zone, the heat affected zone,the thermo-mechanically affected zone and the stir zone,and the microscopic organization of every area is influenced by the heat and the force on the area. The microhardness of stir area improves 12% on average than the base’s.The microhardness of the heat affected zone and the thermo-mechanically affected zone decreases , comparing to the base’s.
Control-Oriented Modeling and Simulation of a Low Carbon Steel A.C. Resistance Spot Welding Process
Authors: Xi Yan , Gong Liang , Liu Cheng Liang
Published: June 2012

Resistance spot welding (RSW) has been extensively used as a sheet metal joining process, and the welding process identification is the essential issue for the design of high performance control strategy and set-up of a new welding schedule. However the RSW is a nonlinear time-varying uncertain process which couples the thermal, electrical, mechanical and metallurgical dynamics. To understand this complicated physical phenomenon an M-series pseudo-random electrical pattern is adopted to excite the RSW electrical-thermal dynamics and the thermal response is recorded according to the welding power outputs. Based on the experimental information the transfer function of an RSW electrical-thermal mechanism is identified, and the optimum model order and parameters are determined. Subsequently a control-oriented RSW model is established to explore the welding power control algorithm. The simulated results from the control model show their agreement with the experimental data, which validates its feasibility for corresponding welding control.
Plasma Arc Welding between AISI 304 and AISI 201 Stainless Steels Using a Technique of Mixing Nitrogen in Shielding Gas
Authors: Chandra-Ambhorn Somrerk , Chauiphan Wichan , Sukwattana Nich Chanuch , Pudkhunthod Narin , Komkham Sakarat
Published: June 2012

Plasma arc welding was applied to join AISI 304 and AISI 201 stainless steel sheets. Nitrogen was mixed in argon shielding gas to help control microstructure and improve corrosion property of the weld. It was found that increasing nitrogen in shielding gas from 0 to 12 %v/v reduced the amount of delta ferrite in austenite matrix of the weld from 20 to 16 %v/v. This indicated the role of nitrogen as an austenite stabiliser. From polarisation test in 3.5wt% NaCl solution at 25 °C, increasing nitrogen in shielding gas nobly shifted a pitting corrosion potential from 401 to 472 mV vs Ag/AgCl. This corresponded to the increase of nitrogen content in the weld from 0.11 to 0.19 wt%.
The Effect of Nb+Ti on the Martensite Fraction in Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheet during Welding Process
Authors: Deng Jiang Ning , Xu De Chao , Su Lei , Dong Gang , Liu Yan Dong
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the welding microstructure of Ferritic Stainless Steel sheet with different Ti, Nb elements were studied. The experiment results shows that the addition of alloying element Ti +Nb stabilization steel causes the precipitation of Nb(CN) and TiN. This can reduce the C content, so the temperature of Ac1 increases, then it would be difficult to get martensite. Due to Martensite is harmful for toughness, so Ti+Nb elements are in need.