bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and mechanical properties of Ti2AlNb-based alloy welded joints using keyhole plasma arc welding with subsequent heat treatment
Authors: Naumov S. V. , Panov D. O. , Chernichenko R. S. , Sokolovsky V. S. , Salishchev G. A. , Alekseev E. B. , Neulybin S. D. , Belinin D. S. , Shchitsyn Yu. D. , Lukianov V. V.
Published: July 2024

Using keyhole plasma arc welding, welded joints of a Ti2AlNb-based alloy, VTI-4, were obtained, and their structure and mechanical properties were studied. It has been established that the dynamic effect of a keyhole arc had a positive effect on the quality of the welded joint; namely, lack of penetration, porosity, and microcracks were eliminated. The welded joint consisted of a fusion zone (FZ), a heat-affected zone (HAZ), and a base metal (BM). Depending on the phase composition and morphology of the obtained phases, the HAZ can be divided into four zones: HAZ1 with large β-phase grains near the melting line, HAZ2 with large β-phase grains + α2, HAZ3 with more fragmented β-phase grains retaining more α2-phase, and HAZ4 with the phase composition β + α2 + O. Subsequent heat treatment (HT: quenching at 920 °C for 2 h, cooling in air, followed by aging at 800 °C for 6 h, cooling in air) preserved the zone structure of the weld but led to the formation of the O-phase within β-grains. The microhardness of the weld in the zone corresponds to 360±15 HV0.2, but after HT, it increased to 382±20 HV0.2. The strength properties of the welded joint after HT were above 90 % of the base metal (σucs = 1120 MPa, σ0.2 = 1090 MPa), while elongation to failure is close to the initial condition (δ = 2.1 %).
Selection of heat treatment and its impact on the structure and properties of AK10M2N–10%TiC composite material obtained via SHS method in the melt
Authors: Luts A. R. , Sherina Yu. V. , Amosov A. P. , Minakov E. A. , Ibatullin I. D.
Published: July 2024

The composite materials based on the Al–Si system alloys, strengthened with a highly dispersed titanium carbide phase, possess improved characteristics and belong to the group of promising structural materials. Currently, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) based on the exothermic interaction, wherein titanium and carbon precursors directly involve in the melt, is the most accessible and effective method to obtain them. This paper proves the feasibility and demonstrates the successful synthesis of a 10 wt.% titanium carbide phase in the melt of the AK10M2N alloy, resulting in the AK10M2H-10% TiC composite material. Samples of the matrix alloy and the composite material were subjected to heat treatment according to the T6 mode, with various temperature-time parameters for hardening and aging operations. Based on the results, optimal heat treatment modes were selected to ensure maximum hardness. We studied the macroand microstructure of the obtained samples and performed micro X-ray spectral and X-ray diffraction phase analyses. Different groups of properties underwent comparative tests. It was established that the density of AK10M2N–10%TiC samples before and after heat treatment, according to optimal modes, is close to the calculated value. We showed that the combination of reinforcement and heat treatment significantly increases hardness, microhardness, and compressive strength, with a slight decrease in ductility. Additionally, it maintains the values of the coefficient of thermal linear expansion, high-temperature strength, and resistance to carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide corrosion at the level of the original alloy. The greatest effect was observed during the investigation of tribological characteristics: heat treatment of the composite material according to the recommended mode significantly reduces the wear rate and friction coefficient, eliminates seizure and tearing, and prevents temperature rise due to friction heating.
Influence of manganese alloying on the structure and properties of electrospark coatings of EP741NP heat-resistant nickel LPBF alloy
Authors: Mukanov S. K. , Petrzhik M. I. , Loginov P. A. , Levashov E. A.
Published: July 2024

The paper investigates the impact of Mn content (Mn = 0; 0.5; 0.6; 1; 1.5 at.%) in the composition of the electrodes of the Al–Ca–Mn system on the structure and properties of electrospark coatings formed on LPBF substrates made of EP741NP alloy. It was found that the highest weight gain of the substrate (5.8·10–4 g) was recorded when the Al–7%Ca–1%Mn electrode with a low degree of supercooling of the melt (Δt = 5 °C) was subject to electrospark treatment (EST). EST with this electrode with a fine eutectic structure enables the formation of coatings with minimal surface roughness (Ra = 3.51±0.14 μm). The nanocrystalline structure of the coatings was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, including HRTEM. Comparative tribological tests revealed that the coating with maximum hardness (10.7±0.8 GPa) formed during EST with an electrode containing 1.5 at.% Mn had the minimal wear rate (1.86 ·10–5 mm3/(N· m)). We proved that EST with Al–Ca–Mn electrodes enables to reduce the specific weight gain of the LPBF EP741NP alloy during isothermal (t = 1000 °C) curing in air due to in situ formation of a complex thermal barrier layer consisting of oxides (α-Al2O3, CaMoO4) and intermetallides (γ ′-Ni3Al and β-NiAl). We determined the concentration limit of Mn (1.0 at.%) in the electrode, at which the barrier layer retains its integrity and functionality.
Evaluación estructural de un vehículo tipo mototaxi usando herramientas de simulación: caso México
Authors: Cuautle Gutierrez Luis , Cordero Guridi Jose de Jesus , Olivares Rojas Jesus Eduardo , Pena Preza Nashira
Published: July 2024

The mototaxi, a three-wheeled vehicle equipped with a roof, is a widely utilized mode of transportation in Mexico. Typically, it is employed for short-distance journeys in exchange for payment, similar to the operation of a conventional taxi. This study conducts astructural analysis of a mototaxi-type vehicle utilized in Mexico to assess its performance and safety. It underscores the significance of this mode of transportation, widely relied upon by numerous individuals. A product design and development methodology was employed, utilizing torsional deformation simulations to validate the new geometry. The objective was to minimize torsions as much as possible, thereby enhancing the motorcycle taxi’s safety and ensuring the vehicle’s correct positioning. Through computeraided design, the prevailing torsions within the casing were assessed, establishing the operating conditions to which the system is commonlysubjected. The findings from the chosen vehicular structure reveal a flexural rigidity of 6,508.15 N/mm, torsional rigidity of 27.35 KNm/°, and a range of natural frequencies between 8-21 Hz. These values indicate favorable resistance against bending forces and operational frequency. However, the torsional results exhibit deficiencies, suggesting an unsafe structure for all motorcycle taxi occupants. Consequently, technology developers and national legislators should prioritize enhancing the structural integrity of such vehicles.
Neural network-based robot localization using visual features
Authors: Trujillo-Romero Felipe
Published: July 2024

This paper outlines the development of a module capable of constructing a map-building algorithm using inertial odometry and visual features. It incorporates an object recognition module that leverages local features and unsupervised artificial neural networks to identify non-dynamic elements in a room and assign them positions. The map is modeled using a neural network, where each neuron corresponds to an absolute position in the room. Once the map is constructed, capturing just a couple of images of the environment is sufficient to estimate the robot's location. The experiments were conducted using both simulation and a real robot. The Webots environment with the virtual humanoid robot NAO was used for the simulations. Concurrently, results were obtained using a real NAO robot in a setting with various objects. The results demonstrate notable precision in localization within the two-dimensional maps, achieving an accuracy of ± (0.06, 0.1) m in simulations contrasted with the natural environment, where the best value achieved was ± (0.25, 0.16) m.
Cuentacuentos basado en IA generativa para promover la inclusión de personas con discapacidades
Authors: Ramírez Vergara Keren Mitsue , López-Chau Asdrúbal , Rojas Hernández Rafael
Published: July 2024

This article presents the comprehensive design and evaluation of a digital storytelling system tailored forchildren aged 4 to 6 in Latin America. This system is based on generative artificial intelligence.Tests were conducted encompassing the system’s functionality, content diversity, generation times,voice evaluation, intonation, speed, and pronunciation quality. The results confirm the system’s correctoperation and intuitive nature. The generated stories exhibit a high degree of diversity, as evidenced bythe calculation of Jaccard indices, with a maximum value of 0.2 observed in the evaluations of 30 analyzedstories. As anticipated, generation times increase with the length of the stories. It was determined thatthe voice best suited for storytelling is Onyx from OpenAI’s TTS. However, pronunciation errors werenoted in all TTS model voices. According to the conducted analysis, the system produces diverse stories that promote values among Spanish-speaking children, thus emphasizing the importance of inclusivity for individuals with different abilities. It is noteworthy that no inappropriate content for children was found in any of the stories
Walking and expressing the city collectively, a teaching-learning experience in the Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism
Authors: Hirao Hélio , Tarocchi Carolina Silva , Frascareli Marina Biazotto
Published: July 2024

The article experiments with methodologies for apprehending and cognizing city spaces. It shares the development of a discipline in the Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism at Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) with the theoretical-methodological discussion complemented by the practice of Wandering and Cartography in a common space in the neighborhood of Vila Colonial in the city of Bauru, SP. It distances itself from the traditional representational methods of reading the city and approaches to those that express the subjective city, the traversal through the affections of bodies and environments in order to make existential territories visible and thus think about and build a city for and with the people who inhabit the place. In this methodological procedure of wandering, it recognizes the resistance to the functionalist and productivist city and expresses, through affective cartographies, which are still in the process of construction, a visual language, as a research tool that makes it possible to report on the real city.
Motorlu araç muayene ve hata birliktelikleri tahmini
Authors: Çetin Gizem , Tanrıöver Ömer Özgür
Published: July 2024

Araç muayenesi trafikte yer alan motorlu ya da motorsuz araçlar için teknik yeterliliklerinin ölçüldüğü, yolcu ve trafik güvenliğinin sağlanıp sağlanmadığının tespit edildiği sistemdir. Karayolunda seyreden araçların teknik muayenelerini daha etkin ve sağlıklı bir şekilde yapmak ve karayolu trafik güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla her yıl yaklaşık 6 milyona yakın aracın perdiyodik muayenesi gerçekleşmektedir. Bu araştırma çalışmasında araç muayene verileri ile makine öğrenmesi ve derin sinir ağları kullanılarak araç muayene sonucu tahmin ve kusur birliktelik analizi yapılmıştır. Birliktelik kuralları çıkarım yöntemlerinden apriori algoritması ile araçların muayene sonucunda birlikte görülen kusurların analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir ve araç kusurları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ayrıca makine öğrenmesi tahmin yöntemlerinden Lojistik Regresyon (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Karar Ağaçları (DT), Rastgele Orman (RF), K-En Yakın Komşu (KNN), Gradyan Yükseltme (XGBoost), AdaBoost, Derin Sinir Ağı (DNN) ve Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı (CNN) kullanılmış olup her bir model AUC, ROC eğrisi, doğruluk, kesinlik, hatırlama ve F1 skor değerleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Makine öğrenme yöntemleri ile hafif kusurlu, ağır kusurlu ve emniyetsiz olarak sınıflandırılan muayene sonucu tahmininin yüksek sayılabilecek doğrulukta, belirli kusurların da birlikte yüksek oranda görülebildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Tectono-thermal Evolution of the Proterozoic Mahakoshal Belt along the Northern Margin of Central Indian Tectonic Zone: Constraints from Geochemistry, Phase Equilibria Modelling and in-situ Monazite Dating from a Metapelite Sequence around Jabalpur
Authors: Shrivastava A. K. , Saha L. , Behera S. , Gupta S.
Published: July 2024

In this contribution, geochemical signatures and petrological evolution of a folded sequence of mica schist from the Jabalpur area of the Mahakoshal Belt in the northern Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) are described. Multiple tectonic discrimination diagrams incorporating both major and trace element concentrations have constrained back-arc settings for deposition of the sedimentary units. S1 foliation formation marks the beginning of the M1 metamorphic stage. In contrast, the later M2 metamorphic event resulted in garnet and andalusite formation during heating at 2-3 kbar, followed by staurolite-sillimanite, garnet-staurolite assemblages at peak P-T conditions of 5.4 kbar, 550-600°C. Textural evidence suggests that M2 is pre-syn tectonic to D2 deformation, resulting in formation of the NE-SW trending S2 axial planar foliation. From the isopleth thermobarometry, a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression has been determined for M2. Similar results have been obtained from conventional thermo-barometry performed on multiple samples. Monazite dating (EPMA) of one of the samples suggests 1.9 Ga, age for D1-M1 event. M2 is correlated with the younger age population of monazites yielding 1.5 Ga. A clockwise P-T path constrained for M2 suggests collisional tectonics along the northern margin of the CITZ, as recorded from its southern margin.
The Past, Present, and Future of Interprofessional Education in Medical Education in South Korea
Authors: Park Yon Chul , Lee Sangmi T. , Park Kyung Hye
Published: July 2024

Interprofessional education (IPE) fosters knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to interprofessional collaboration (IPC) for safe, quality patient care. In recent years, the importance of IPC has extended beyond the medical field to local community settings. However, IPE has only recently been introduced and has yet to become widespread. This study reviews the origin and development of IPE in Korean medical education by comparing it with established models in other countries that provide useful insights into future directions for IPE in Korea. Dedicated institutions led the IPE effort in other countries; however, IPE initiatives in Korea were mainly driven by individual professors’ and medical schools’ interest and commitment, without structural support systems. An important finding of this study is that the lack of awareness and organizational support within the medical education community resulted in the absence of a mandatory curriculum for IPE, as it was omitted from the accreditation standards. For more organized adoption and implementation of IPE in Korea, this study suggests the need to widely communicate the importance of IPE to the medical community and the public. It is also imperative to establish leadership capable of guiding IPE, share materials through trusted institutions with IPE experience, and include IPE in the accreditation standards. These steps are essential for actively implementing IPE and meeting societal healthcare needs in Korea.
Prospecting for zoonotic pathogens using targeted DNA enrichment v1
Authors: Enabulele Egie
Published: July 2024

There are over 60 zoonoses linked to small mammals, including some of the most devastating pathogens in human history. Meanwhile, millions of museum-archived tissues are available to understand natural history of these pathogens. Our goal is to maximize the value of museum collections for pathogen-based research using targeted sequence capture. To this end, we have generated a probe panel that includes 39,916, 80bp RNA probes targeting 32 pathogen groups, including bacteria, helminths, fungi, and protozoans. Laboratorygenerated, mock control samples show that we are capable of enriching targeted loci from pathogen DNA 2,882 to 6746-fold. Further, we were able to identify bacterial species inmuseum-archived samples, including Bartonella, a known human zoonosis. These results show that probe-based enrichment of pathogens is a highly customizable and efficient method for identifying pathogens from museum-archived tissues.
BAF_S02_Jasco 1500 Circular Dichroism Spectrometer v1
Authors: Sherman Nicholas
Published: July 2024

This is a general step-by-step to run a sample in the Jasco 1500 CD spectrometer.
Trauma, Guilt, and Narrative: An Analysis of E. Lockhart’s We Were Liars and Family of Liars
Authors: Sawa Nisrein M. Abu
Published: July 2024

The present article examines E. Lockhart’s novels We Were Liars (2014) and the prequel Family of Liars (2022); it employs the notions of “trauma” and the “sense of guilt” and draws upon the view that narration can be a therapeutic tool. Accordingly, the article argues that the narratives which Cadence in We Were Liars and Carrie in Family of Liars form out of flashbacks as well as imaginary conversations and events help them deal with trauma and guilt respectively. It is argued that Cadence overcomes the traumatic memory of accidentally causing the death of the Liars through the fragmented narrative she constructs, and Carrie’s shaped narrative helps her deal with the internalized sense of guilt she develops on account of murdering Pfeff. At the beginning of their narratives, both Cadence and Carrie are burdened with grief, repressing their tragic memories; however, through the gradual development of the narratives they form, they eventually take responsibility for causing the death of their victims. In fact, Cadence and Carrie manage to cope with grief by shaping narratives in which they ensure that they are forgiven, and their victims are in peace after passing, asserting at the end of their narratives that they can endure such pain. Therefore, the present article posits that the shaped narratives in Lockhart’s selected novels function as an outlet, as the narratives help give Cadence and Carrie new perspectives on the tragic incidents and enable them to move on with their lives.
Constructing Research Preferences by Prospective Indonesian EFL Teachers
Authors: Saragih Erikson , Sinaga Nenni Triana , Rumapea Elina Lulu Bimawati , Sipayung Rohdearni Wati , Tarigan Sri Ninta , Daulay Irma Khoirot
Published: July 2024

Several studies have discussed the features and characteristics of research on English language teaching in Indonesia by both lecturers and students. However, there is very little research that discusses topics, research methods, designs, and reasons for choosing topics, as well as the efforts to improve the quality of research conducted by prospective EFL teachers in the Indonesian context. The study aims to identify, assess, and characterize the research conducted by prospective Indonesian EFL teachers. The study used mixed research methods utilizing 477 research works as the objects of study, while the research participants were 67 prospective Indonesian EFL teachers and 5 heads of the English education program. The results showed that students' selected research topics were the process of learning English at the secondary school level and that their preferred methodologies were quantitative research, qualitative research, and classroom action research (mixed methods). The most popular topics in English language learning research were methods for learning, classroom action research, textbook analysis, media for learning English, and viewpoints on English teaching concerns. The reasons for choosing certain research topics and methods were dominated by issues of ease of research completion. The results contribute as a basis for future research to select variables, designs, issues, or study subjects to explore as well as for directing and defining the themes and research topics in the English Education study program.
Integrating Empathy in EFL Education: A Study of Vietnamese Tertiary Teachers’ Adaptive Responses
Authors: Hieu Hua Hong , Thao Le Thanh
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study investigates the responses of Vietnamese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers to the integration of empathical practices in tertiary education. Focusing on a sample of nine teachers from two institutions, representing novice, mid-career, and near-end career stages, the study explores their reactions spanning resistance, negotiation, and acceptance of these practices. Employing semi-structured interviews, the research is underpinned by social constructivism and Lewin’s (1951) three-stage model of change, providing a comprehensive framework for analysis. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: the evolution of perception towards empathical practices, challenges in integrating these practices, and the negotiation of professional identity in their wake. Teachers at all career stages reported a dynamic shift in their perception of empathical practices, evolving from skepticism to acceptance. A significant finding was the universal challenge in integrating empathy into existing teaching paradigms and institutional frameworks. Additionally, the study highlighted how teachers navigate changes in their professional identity as they adopt these new practices. These findings contribute to the discourse on empathy in education, emphasizing the complexities of organizational change in educational settings. The study underscores the need for context-specific professional development and systemic support for empathical practices in teaching.
A modern view of the role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of breast cancer
Authors: Pavlova N. V. , Dyomin S. S. , Churnosov M. I. , Ponomarenko I. V.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this review is to summarize current understandings of the genetic risk factors for the development of breast cancer (BC), evaluate the role of germline mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the disease, based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other associative studies.

   The search for relevant sources was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, and the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of GWAS. The analysis includes works published from January 2007 to December 2022. A total of 197 sources focused on the role of genetic factors in the development of BC were found. Search queries included data on associations of various molecular-genetic markers – germline mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms – with the formation of BC. From this body of work, 45 studies were included in the current review. The inclusion criterion for the analysis wasthe presence of GWAS data and associative studies conducted among patients with representative samples with the necessary power. Additionally, results characterizing the clinical-pathological significance (association with molecular subtypes of BC, therapy features, disease prognosis) of BC genetic factors were evaluated. Excluded from the analysis were data from associative studies of candidate genes for malignant breast neoplasms that are morphologically not carcinomas, performed on small (non-representative) patient samples and control groups. Mutations in genes with high and moderate penetrance (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PALB2, etc.) are associated with the onset of BC in 5 % of cases. Among families with two or more members affected by BC, their share reaches only 30–40 %. GWAS data revealed the role of more than 180 polymorphic loci associated with BC, which determine a heritability rate of about 18 %. According to twin studies, this rate is 1.7 times higher, reaching 31 %. Meanwhile, the contribution of environmental factors is no more than 16 %. The proportion of unidentified hereditary factors in BC formation is about 8 %. However, contemporary studies of associations of various candidate genes (ESR1/2, IGF1, EGFR, VEGF, TNFα, MMPs, etc.), whose signaling pathways regulate BC tumor progression, show their involvement in carcinogenesis. Thus, the unknown heritability in BC formation may reach 40 %. The proportion of germline mutations in major BC predisposition genes in the population is low. Genetic variations within the same gene (e.g., BRCA1) show ethnic or territorial diversity. Nevertheless, a significant portion of BC heritability is determined by various candidate genes, whose role in forming individual BC risk is demonstrated by GWAS. Substantial evidence on the involvement of key carcinogenesis-regulating genes in BC development is being accumulated. Each of the three considered groups of genetic factors has important clinical-pathological significance and can influence the course and prognosis of the disease.
Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b as a candidate for targeted therapy: features of structure, function, and expression
Authors: Kiyamova R. G. , Vlasenkova R. A. , Bulatova L. F.
Published: July 2024

The sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b is an integral membrane protein of the SLC34 phosphate transporter family and is an attractive target for precision therapy of several human diseases. Together with other members of this family, the NaPi2b transporter is involved in maintaining phosphate homeostasis in the mammalian body. The NaPi2b transporter gene (SLC34A2) has a broad expression pattern in healthy tissues, including small intestinal epithelial cells, where NaPi2b plays a major role in the absorption of dietary phosphate. NaPi2b transports one divalentorthophosphoric acid residue into cells along with three sodium ions. NaPi2b transport is regulated by dietary phosphate, pH, hormones, and vitamins including vitamin D, estrogen, glucocorticoids, and epidermal growth factor. The NaPi2b transporter exists in two isoforms – 689 and 690 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of NaPi2b depends on the degree of glycosylation and varies from 70 to 100 kDa. According to various sources, the transporter has from 6 to 12 transmembrane domains, 2 co-transport domains, a large extracellular localization domain, as well as N- and C-terminal domains that face the inside of the cell. Impaired NaPi2b function leads to the development of several diseases, including pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and hyperphosphatemia, and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is known to be associated with mutations in the SLC34A2 gene encoding NaPi2b. High levels of NaPi2b have been found in several malignant tumors, including ovary, lung, breast, thyroid, colon, bladder, liver, stomach, kidney, and in gliomas. The tumor-specific conformation of the large extracellular domain of the NaPi2b transporter, mutations, and features of expression of the transporter gene in normal and pathological conditions show that NaPi2b is a promising target for the development of highly selective targeted drugs against it for the treatment of cancer and metabolic disorders.
The effect of NOTCH1 knockdown on the phenotype of human lung and colon cancer stem cells
Authors: Vasileva M. V. , Khromova N. V. , Boichuk S. V. , Kopnin P. B.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Lung and colorectal cancers are the most common cancer types, characterized by a poor prognosis. Tumor progression is also caused by the aberrant activity of intercellular signaling pathways, which can arise due to mutations in genes encoding their components. In particular, the oncogenic role of NOTCH1 receptor of Notch signaling pathway has been proven for various cancer types, including lung and colorectal cancers. In this research, we delved deeper into the importance of NOTCH1 receptor expression for the progression of these malignancies.

   Aim. To investigate the importance of NOTCH1 expression in maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) pool and phenotype of human lung and colon cancers.

   Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on previously obtained NOTCH1 knockdown cell lines of human lung A549 and colon HCT116 carcinomas. First of all, we studied the effect of NOTCH1 knockdown on the metastatic ability of A549 cells and the tumorigenicity of A549 and HCT116 cells when injected to immunodeficient BALB/c nu/nu mice. Next, we carried out in vitro tests to determine CSC pool and phenotype in tumor cell culture: cytofluorimetric analysis of ABC-transporters activity to exclude dye to the external environment and analysis of colony formation in a semi-liquid medium. In conclusion, we assessed the proportion of cells in the culture producing the CSC marker – CD133 using flow cytometry and the expression level of some genes associated with CSC phenotype (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2) using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

   Results. NOTCH1 knockdown decreased the number of experimental animals with metastases, the number of formed metastatic foci and increased in the minimum cell inoculation dose. The activity of ABC-transporters, the ability for unattached growth, the proportion of CD133-positive cells in culture, and the expression of genes associated with maintaining of CSC pool and phenotype decreased under NOTCH1 knockdown in both cell lines.

   Conclusion. NOTCH1 expression is important for maintaining CSC pool and phenotype of human lung and colon carcinomas. The obtained data may be valuable in the development of anticancer therapies.
BREVE HISTÓRIA DOS FUNDAMENTOS NORMATIVOS DAS CORTES CONSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Slaibi Filho Nagib , Souza Neto Cláudio Pereira de
Published: July 2024

O texto apresenta a conceituação e função da Corte Constitucional, apresentando sua evolução de atuação nas culturas estadunidense, europeia e brasileira. Aponta a criação judicial (e não legislativa) da ideia de hierarquização do qual resultou o controle da constitucionalidade das leis nos EUA. Na Europa, discute o pensamento predominante quando da elaboração dos textos magnos e na instituição do controle de constitucionalidade. Em seguida, demonstra as características históricas absolutamente ímpares do processo constitucional do Brasil, embora derivadas dos sistemas europeu e norte americano.
O ESTADO DA ARTE DO MERCADO DE CRÉDITO DE CARBONO: PERSPECTIVA DE UMA ARQUITETURA REGULATÓRIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Marshall Carla Izolda Fiuza Costa , Flores Nilton Cesar
Published: July 2024

O artigo promove reflexão acerca dos parâmetros a serem utilizados para o mercado de crédito de carbono no Brasil, com vistas à sua inserção mundial. Nesse âmbito aborda o sistema normativo utilizado e a legislação, específica, em vigor à época da pesquisa, trazendo à baila análise do mercado de forma abrangente, no que tange aos dois tipos existentes. A metodologia adotada, em síntese, se deu por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica descritiva, documental e normativa, de forma a possibilitar o entendimento e a interferência na realidade investigada. A investigação dispôs como objetivos gerais de análise do mercado brasileiro e suas perspectivas, identificando se a regulação existente era suficiente para dar cumprimento às metas climáticas, e, quais, eventuais mudanças seriam necessárias para que o Brasil transforme seu potencial em riqueza e se insira no mercado internacional, a partir da análise do aparato normativo. Como resultado foi possível verificar que, ainda, não há regulação para o mercado de crédito de carbono no Brasil, o que se constitui num desafio a mais a ser ultrapassado, mas que há iniciativas que visam alterar o panorama atual. Nessa vertente, o mercado de crédito de carbono, cuja representatividade tem sido ampliada no contexto das nações e o Brasil precisa ser orientada de modo a ser preservada, mas, também, trazer recursos geradores de desenvolvimento econômico. Nesse contexto, imprescindível a elaboração de normas que regulem esse mercado e se insiram no ambiente internacional
APLICABILIDADE DO CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR NO MERCADO DE PLANOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Cerceau Renato , Martins Plínio Lacerda
Published: July 2024

As relações de consumo no mercado de saúde suplementar tem grande impacto para a economia e para a sociedade. Neste setor, as operadoras são fornecedoras de serviço ao consumidor, que é o destinatário final. Tem sido crescente a judicialização das questões relacionadas a este segmento econômico. Apesar dos avanços normativo e legislativos, ainda prevalecem dúvidas na observância das disposições do Código de Defesa do Consumidor na área de saúde suplementar, em especial na discussão quanto à sua aplicação subsidiaria ou simultânea aos contratos. Neste sentido, foi conduzido o presente estudo observando a aplicabilidade do código consumerista no mercado privado de saúde suplementar.
Development and Application of a Multi-Objective Ant Colony Op-timization Method for Portfolio Problem
Authors: Panteleev A.V. , Popova N.S.
Published: July 2024

A numerical method of multi-objective optimization is proposed for an approximate solution of the problem based on the generation of feasible solutions using the continuous ant colony method, non-dominated sorting and the epsilon-constraint technique. Solving a problem means finding the Pareto front. Solutions of typical model examples are given. The applied problem of optimizing an investment portfolio has been solved, in which the initial data are the tabulated average returns and covariance of stocks.
Assessment of the Influence of Psychological Parameters on Results Student Survey
Authors: Cherven-Wadali E.B. , Sidorova V.B. , Antipova S.N.
Published: July 2024

The article describes the process of questioning in order to collect in a generalized form the student assessment of teaching courses, the influence of the age factor on the quality of teaching disciplines based on the constructed mathematical model according to the selected criteria and its analysis.
Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System
Authors: Ksemidov B.S. , Abgaryan K.K.
Published: July 2024

The goal of the work is to create a modern adaptive intelligent system using current machine learning technologies to automate a significant part of the teacher’s work. Existing intelligent systems, the purpose of which is to train students to work in various subject areas, currently have a set of various disadvantages, for example, the need to prepare educational material in a given format, which is sometimes a very labor-intensive task. In addition, in such systems there is a need to assess knowledge to correct the training plan for students, which requires various practical tasks for their formal presentation. In this case, practical assignments must be compiled by the course author, which can also be very labor-intensive. The novelty of the adaptive intelligent system presented in the work lies in the improvement of learning approaches using the latest machine learning methods. To help the teacher prepare educational material provides the ability to create video material automatically. This approach provides an opportunity for students to receive material not only in text form, but also in video format, without increasing the labor intensity on the part of the teacher. In addition, the teacher will be given the opportunity to manipulate versions of educational materials in accordance with the statistics provided by the system on student performance.
Education in High School
Authors: Kulanin Y.D. , Stepanov M.E.
Published: July 2024

The article continues the cycle of methodological developments of authors [1] - [17]. It examines the current problems of modern education related to the need to form not just a specialist, but also a person as a whole, first of all, her civic position. The authors are based on personal experience of working at the Faculty of Information Technology of the Moscow State Pedagogical University.
Characteristics of Iinterpersonal Iinteraction of Adolescents Prone to Aggression
Authors: Buslaeva E.L. , Vlasova N.V.
Published: July 2024

The article provides an analysis of the results of a study of the unique aspects of interpersonal interaction among adolescents prone to aggression. The theoretical basis for the purpose of the work was provided by modern research, showing the versatility of the process of interpersonal interaction between adolescents and manifestations of aggression. The respondents of the study were teenagers from educational schools in Moscow, numbering 68 people aged 15-16 years. The empirical study used the aggressiveness test by L.G. Pochebut, “Aggressive behavior” methodology by E.P. Ilyin and P.A. Kovalev, interpersonal relations questionnaire by A.A. Rukavishnikov, emotional empathy questionnaire by A. Mehrabian, N. Epstein. The results of the empirical study established significant differences in the interpersonal interaction of adolescents prone to aggression. They are characterized by a desire to dominate, a lack of willingness to control their behavior, low selectivity and criticality in choosing communication partners, as well as a low level of empathy development. The obtained results can be used in work with adolescents aimed at creating favorable interactions among adolescents and reducing aggression.
Per oral endoscopic myotomy in esophageal achalasia in children. First endoscopic procedures
Authors: Podkamenev Alexey V. , Korolev Michail P. , Smirnov Alexander A. , Fedotov Leonid E. , Kopyakov Alexander L. , Meshkov Alexey V. , Ivanov Andrey P. , Kiriltseva Maya M. , Hodos Ksenya G. , Glushkova Victoria A.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Achalasia is an esophagus lesion which is characterized by disorders of its motility. It is met extremely rare in childhood. Among the existing techniques of achalasia management, Heller's laparoscopic myotomy is a procedure of choice. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an endoscopic method for AP treating proposed by P. Pasricha in 2007.
AIM: To describe the experience of per oral endoscopic myotomy in children.
METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of data taken from the patients with confirmed esophageal achalasia who had had POEM. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Eckard scale.
RESULTS: In 2018–2021, 8 children with average age 14.4 years were treated with POEM surgery. Before POEM, 2 children underwent balloon dilatation of the cardia. The surgery was technically performed in all children. Dysphagia was eliminated in all patients, and none of them required any additional intervention. A significant decrease in Eckard scale scores was registered in all children after surgery.
CONCLUSION: Our results confirm findings that POEM is an effective procedure for treating esophageal achalasia. However, a longer follow-up period and a larger group of patients are needed to confirm POEM role in the management of children with esophageal achalasia.
A study of physical water treatment methods for the mitigation of mineral fouling
Authors:   , Kim Won Tae , Cho Young I.
Published: July 2024

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness of physical water treatment (PWT) technology in fouling reduction, to validate the performance of PWT technology at a high cycle of concentration in a cooling tower system, and to theoretically study the principle of PWT technology. The scope of the present study included a microscopic observation to investigate the process of scale formation under various test conditions. The technology of physical water treatment used magnetic, electromagnetic, and electric fields. It was hypothesized that the external fields precipitated dissolved mineral ions and formed a state of suspended clusters in solution, resulting in fouling mitigation at heat-transfer surfaces. The principle of physical water-treatment (PWT) technology was theoretically studied including a review of bulk precipitation by PWT, the characteristics of PWT devices, and the concept of nucleation work. PWT devices included both an electronic anti-fouling (EAF) device using a solenoid coil and a permanent magnetic device. A microscopic imaging technique was developed to visualize fouling process with an artificially-hardened water and recirculating cooling tower water. Using the new experimental technique, one could acquire valuable information on the time-dependent behavior of crystal growth during fouling processes such as nucleation sites, scale growth, number of crystals, scale layer formation, and removal process. This study examined the effect of PWT technology on fouling in a simulated cooling-tower system. It was found that the EAF technology could maintain high COC (5 to 10) of water when applied to a circulating cooling tower water. The EAF treatment was effective in reducing fouling resistances in a heat exchanger in a recirculating cooling system, even at high cycles of concentration. The runs for 5 COC, no blowdown, and 10 COC resulted in 70, 50, and 60% reductions in the fouling resistance, respectively. The study also demonstrated that a high flow velocity of approximately 6 m/s through a PM device was necessary to obtain the maximum performance of the PM device in mineral scale prevention. At this optimum operating condition, the PM device could substantially reduce mineral fouling in a heat exchanger using cooling-tower water even at 5-6 COC. SEM photographs revealed characteristics of crystal structures in scale deposition, suggesting that the scale was created through crystallization fouling in cases without PWT. On the contrary, SEM photographs obtained in cases with PWT did not show regular crystal structures, suggesting that the scales were formed by suspended particles as particulate fouling.
The plastic design of steel cofferdam
Authors:   , Disque Robert O.
Published: July 2024

The fundamental purpose of this thesis is to employ the plastic theory in the design of a hypothetical steel sheet pile cofferdarm. Prior to undertaking this work, the author had had no previous experience with the plastic theory. Therefore, a portion of this thesis is devoted to the development of the fundamentals necessary for the actual design computations. The theory of plastic analysis has been used as far back as the 1920's in Hungary for the structural design of apartment buildings. It is, however, only in recent years that the theory has been utilized to a significant degree in this country. Much progress has been made by J. F. Baker at Cambridge University, England and recently Lehigh University has been conducting many large scale tests of structural members and frames. It is primarily through these endeavors that the use of the plastic theory is being stimulated in the United States. Very little work has been done to date in the application of the plastic theory to structures subjected to soil pressures, It seems, however, that structures such as designed in this thesis are ideally suited to be designed by the plastic theory. The temporary nature of a cofferdam justifies the concept of designing for an ultimate load-deflections not being a consideration. Since the soil pressures are assumed to be triangular, there is very little possibility that the pressures would be greater than those assumed. It is, therefore, logical to design for the ultimate capacity of the structure, Nevertheless, a load factor is used to insure additional safety. A solution to the problem of sheet pile penetration is presented in this thesis. As far as it is known, this is a new solution to the problem and would seem to be a significant contribution to the application of the plastic theory.
An evaluation of measures of depression to provide recommendations for their use in dance/movement therapy outcome research
Authors:   , Ottenberg Mat , Goodill Sherry W.
Published: July 2024

Given the prevalence of depression and its cost to the impacted individuals, their families, and society, the importance of assessing and treating depression is evident. When evaluating the effectiveness of dance/movement therapy as a treatment for depression, the specific measurement tool used can significantly affect the results. The theoretical construct of the measure, method of administration, psychometric properties, and population under review all impact the outcome. The purpose of this study is to identify published measures of depression, as well as published and unpublished movement assessments, and to categorize these measures. The ultimate aim is to provide recommendations for choosing the "best fit" among the myriad of measures of depression so that reliable and valid outcome research on the efficacy of dance/movement therapy for the treatment of adults with depression may be conducted. The measure selected should provide the researcher or clinician with the information that is most useful in evaluating the efficacy of the treatment. A review of the literature highlighted the benefits of a multiple assessment strategy. Three measures, The Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology, clinician and self-report versions, and the Functional Assessment of Movement, are recommended, creating an assessment battery that includes an observer rating, a self-report measure, and a movement assessment.
The Generalization of Text-Based Computer-Aided Instruction to Verbal Speech Production by Students with Autism
Authors:   , Dressler John T. , Hurewitz Felicia
Published: July 2024

Autism is a developmental disorder which is defined by deficits in the domains of sociability, communication, and cognitive/behavioral flexibility. Research on language development has focused on the social and communicative aspects of language, but autistic individuals also show deficits in syntax, resulting in a decreased ability to express complex ideas (Eigsti & Bennetto, 2001). Simulated environments that present a controlled and structured educational setting can be created using computer-based strategies. These environments Can provide autistic children with opportunities to train and practice skills. Using computer based instruction for language learning would allow a slowing down of language processing, providing the chance for one to more fully understand what is being taught. In this study we utilized a computer-based program known as Grammar-Trainer (GT) to teach grammar to 12 autistic students who were verbal, but showed weaknesses in language production, particularly in syntax. Utilizing a wait-list design, the participants received 15 or 16 sessions (15-20 minutes per session) of the intervention program over a three week period. We administered a battery of receptive and productive language assessments before and after receiving the intervention. The results indicated that participants made significant improvements on a standardized syntax assessment, as well as significantly less grammatical errors on a verbal elicitation task. The improvement on a verbal elicitation task indicated that the grammatical skills taught in GT may have generalized to verbal productions of utterances that utilize those specific grammatical skills. Though there were limitations to the study design, including a small sample size and a short intervention period, the results are positive evidence of the success of the intervention. This study is a promising step towards future efficacy studies required to examine the benefits GT can provide for autistic students.