bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Assessment of Projected Residual Feed Consumption and Expression of Significant Candidate Genes in Duroc Pigs and Second-Generation Commercial Blends
Authors: Belous A. A. , Sermyagin A. A. , Zinovieva N. A.
Published: April 2024

Residual feed intake (RFI) is one of the basic and complex feed characteristics that is economically important for livestock production. However, the genetic and biological mechanisms governing this trait in pigs are largely unknown. Therefore, the study aimed to identify genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), candidate genes involved in RFI regulation, their biological pathways and clustering, using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). The study was carried out on Duroc pigs (n = 783) and their commercial hybrids of the second generation (n = 250), undergoing test fattening at automatic feed stations for individual accounting. As a result, genes that are significant in terms of the orthology of biological functions and in terms of expression in tissues and organs and are associated with RFI were obtained. These candidate genes include: adhesion receptor G6 (ADGRG6), centromeric protein S (APITD1), carboxypeptidase E (CPE), transmembrane calcium-binding protein (SYTL2), cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), Fli proto-oncogene-1, transcription factor ETS (FLI1), teneurin transmembrane protein 3 (TENM3), prostaglandin E4 (PTGER4), and Potassium voltage-gated channel D subfamily member 2 (KCND2). In addition, the analysis of the obtained data on clustering showed the division into biological, functional and molecular libraries and data published in PubMed. Combining the information obtained, it can be said that the genetic component of the predicted residual feed intake is important, as indicated in previous and current studies. In this connection, there is a need to create molecular diagnostics and develop calculations for genomic assessment, in conjunction with feed conversion, which will improve productivity in pig breeding herds and improve the quality of products.
Causes of Morphological and Genetic Heterogeneity of White Fish Coregonus lavaretus sensu lato in the Arctic Part of the Lena River Basin
Authors: Bochkarev N. A. , Sendek D. S. , Zuikova E. I. , Pestryakova L. A. , Ushnitskaya L. A. , Zakharov E. S. , Everstova A. A. , Zakharova N. N. , Politov D. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of the morphological and genetic analysis of populations/forms/species of tanned whitefish from the middle and lower reaches of the river are presented. Lena, and adjacent rivers. There are reasons to believe that, despite the significant heterogeneity of whitefish in Siberia, a small number of stable forms/species inhabit the water bodies of the Siberian Arctic. These are East Siberian (C. lavaretus pidschian n. brachymystax), glacial plain (C. lavaretus pidschian n. glacialis), and Yukagir whitefish (C. lavaretus pidschian n. jucagiricus), as well as their hybrid populations. The glacier-plain whitefish and its derivatives differ from the East Siberian whitefish in plastic features, but they are identical in meristic ones. Molecular genetic studies have shown that in most glacier-plain whitefish form extensive loosely connected networks of haplotypes, which corresponds to the long-term existence of populations in favorable conditions. The East Siberian whitefish haplotypes are closely related to the whitefish haplotypes from the water bodies of Southern Siberia and have a radial structure. Such a structure of median networks indicates a recent decline in the number of East Siberian whitefish followed by expansion, which is directly related to the events of the Quaternary glaciations.
Characterization of the Spectrum of Mitochondrial DNA Nucleotide Substitutions in Human Populations in High Altitude Environments
Authors: Malyarchuk B. A.
Published: April 2024

Using phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of whole mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA), the spectra of germinal nucleotide substitutions (on the L-chain of mtDNA) were reconstructed in highland populations of the Pamirs and Tibet in comparison with regional indigenous groups of West Asia, Northeast Siberia, and South Siberia. No differences were found in the distribution of nucleotide substitution frequencies in the mtDNA spectra depending on the population distribution by altitude. Pyrimidine transitions dominate in all mtDNA spectra, and T → C substitutions are the most frequent among them. Next in frequency in most regional groups are A → G substitutions, but in the Pamir and northeast Asian groups G → A substitutions are prevalent. Of the transversions in all populations studied C → A replacements were found to be predominant, except for the Tibetan one, where A → C substitutions are more frequent. The lack of differences in the distribution of mtDNA mutations in high-altitude and non-highland populations indicates that the structure of mtDNA spectra in human populations is independent of the oxidative stress intensity in mitochondria.
Description of Divergence of Subpopulations in the Hierarchical System under the Analysis of Isonymy. II. Probabilities of Non-Isonymic Encounters
Authors: Passekov V. P.
Published: April 2024

Metapopulations with typical for human populations hierarchical subdivision into parts (subpopulations) are considered, corresponding to classifications based on administrative-territorial division (say, village, village council, district, region, and so on) or on a genealogical approach based on ethnogenesis, as well as on other principles of biological classification. The purpose of this work is to analyze the general properties of the distribution of the surname concentration over subpopulations in their hierarchical structure. Attention is focused on the description of the surname divergence of subpopulations, as an indicator of which the total probability of two person with different surnames encounter is considered, which is understood as the probability of the encounter in a randomly chosen subpopulation, a unit of observation, from metapopulation with a hierarchical structure. Its decomposition by hierarchy levels is obtained, which generalizes the Wahlund effect in population genetics. The total probability of non-isonimic encounters in a hierarchically subdivided metapopulation is less than the probability of random encounters in it by the sum of the average surname concentration intragroup variances corresponding to separate levels. Such properties are purely statistical characteristics of the hierarchical structure, and not a feature of a particular population system, and are not derived from the regularities of one or another model of microevolution. They are computationally formulated in the same way for any hierarchical system, although in the general case they do not coincide quantitatively. The results obtained refer to rural and urban hierarchical metapopulations as separate components of the entire population.
Search for Candidate Genes for Live Weight in Southern Meat Breed Sheep
Authors: Shevtsova V. S. , Kulikova A. Ya. , Getmantseva L. V. , Usatov A. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of candidate genes search for live weight is southern meat sheep breed. The sample of 48 ewes weighed in the age of 24 months and elder was genotyped on Ovine SNP 50 Genotyping BeadChip array. Using a fixation in dices method (Fst), wedetected 55 polymorphisms associated with live weight. 10 SNP swith the highest Fst value were selected to check the effect on the trait under investigation. All the candidate genes showed the association witht helive weight trait. It’s interesting to not ethatin the NDFIP1 gene there were detected two significant SNPs with a high Fst value.
Variations in Chromosome Synapsis at Meiotic Prophase I of Mole Voles Ellobius tancrei Heterozygous for Robertsonian Translocations
Authors: Matveevsky S. N. , Bogdanov Yu. F. , Lyapunova E. A. , Bakloushinskaya I. Yu. , Kolomiets O. L.
Published: April 2024

We have shown that different combinations of meiotic configurations (different number of trivalents and different chromosome chain structure) in the same individual can be formed in heterozygotes with the Robertsonian translocations in the meiotic prophase I. Two types of experimental hybrids of the eastern mole vole Ellobius tancrei which are heterozygous for four Robertsonian translocations were studied here. Instead of the expected four trivalents, different types of meiotic configurations at the pachytena stage up to 10-element chains were identified. We suggest that the probability of passing meiosis in different cells depends on the structure of the formed chains and possibility of their correction. Such variations in chromosome synapsis during multivalent formation may lead to a decrease in gametes production but not to a complete stop of gametogenesis, which provides the background for the maintenance of Robertsonian translocations in the population.
Description of the Divergence of Subpopulations in the Hierarchical System under the Analysis of Isonymy. III. Surname Inbreeding Coefficient
Authors: Passekov V. P.
Published: April 2024

The hierarchical structure of metapopulations characteristic of humans with their subdivision into parts (subpopulations), usually classified on the basis of administrative-territorial division, principles of biological systematics, etc., is considered. Attention is focused on the description of surname divergence of subpopulations. The surname inbreeding coefficient Fs is expressed through the divergence indices, which is similar to the traditional inbreeding coefficient in population genetics. Its expansion by hierarchy levels into the sum of increments of the surname inbreeding coefficient corresponding to separate levels is obtained. The relationship between the found decomposition and the decomposition of the dispersion of the distribution of the surname concentration by subpopulations is demonstrated. With an additional assumption about the independence of the concentration of the surname and Fs, the factorization of Fs by hierarchy levels is found in line with the ideas of S. Wright. It is simplified with a small surname divergence of subpopulations when the Fs coefficient of the entire metapopulation is equal to the sum of the average Fs values at individual levels of the hierarchy. The underestimation of surname inbreeding was obtained, when subpopulations of a higher rank serve as units of observation instead of undivided subpopulations of the first level of the hierarchy. These results are statistical characteristics of the hierarchical structure, and not a feature of a particular population system, and do not follow from one or another model of microevolution. They are computationally independent of the hierarchical system under study, but allow characterizing their heterogeneity quantitatively. The results obtained refer to rural and urban hierarchical metapopulations as separate components of the entire population. In an appendix that can be read independently, genetic analogues of the properties found are given without proof in respect to the genetic structure of a metapopulation.
Genetics and Epigenetics of Precocious Puberty
Authors: Sazhenova E. A. , Vasilyev S. A. , Rychkova L. V. , Khramova E. E. , Lebedev I. N.
Published: April 2024

Central precocious puberty (СPP) is caused by premature reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in determining the timing of puberty. In recent years, the KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3 and DLK1 variants have been identified as hereditary causes of CPP. The MKRN3 and DLK1 genes are imprinted, and therefore epigenetic modifications that alter the expression of these genes are also considered as a cause of precocious puberty. With the progression of CPP, epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs can mediate the relationship between the influence of genetic variants and the environment. CPP is also associated with other short- and long-term adverse health effects. This is the basis for research aimed at understanding the genetic and epigenetic causes of СPP. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature data on the molecular genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of the formation of СPP.
Biological Diversity of Genes Encoding Wheat Defensin Homologues
Authors: Slezina M. P. , Istomina E. A. , Odintsova T. I.
Published: April 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are major components of innate immunity in plants and animals. AMP genes have significant intra- and interspecific polymorphism, the role of which is poorly understood. Previously, by high throughput transcriptome sequencing of wheat plants, we identified defensin genes up-regulated upon infection with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum and/or treatment with resistance inducers. In the present work, a bioinformatic search in NCBI databases for peptide homologues of these defensins was carried out using the sequences of their γ-cores, the sites of the molecules responsible for antimicrobial activity. DEFL1-16 homologues were identified in 95 species of angiosperms belonging to 48 families and 30 orders of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The ubiquitous distribution of this defensin in angiosperms suggests its involvement not only in defense, but also in other processes in flowering plants. Homologues of other defensins induced by infection were found only in plants of the Poaceae family, which suggests the existence of a Poaceae-specific defense mechanism associated with the expression of these defensins. Among the γ-core variants of wild plant defensins identified in the study, the peptides with better antimicrobial activity compared to wheat, might be present, which are of considerable interest for the development of new antibiotics for medicine and agriculture.
Methylation of the Retrotransposon LINE-1 Subfamilies in Chorionic Villi of Miscarriages
Authors: Vasilyev S. A. , Demeneva V. V. , Tolmacheva E. N. , Filatova S. A. , Zuev A. S. , Ushakova A. S. , Vasilyeva O. Yu. , Lushnikov I. V. , Sazhenova E. A. , Nikitina T. V. , Lebedev I. N.
Published: April 2024

Miscarriage is potentially associated with abnormal epigenetic regulation of genes responsible for the development of the embryo and placenta. The aim of this work was to analyze the methylation level of various subfamilies of the LINE-1 retrotransposon, which makes up about 17% of the entire genome, in chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions of the first trimester of pregnancy with different karyotypes, including the most common aneuploidies. The methylation profile in the LINE-1 retrotransposon promoter was analyzed using targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing in chorionic villi of induced abortions (n = 39), spontaneous abortions with normal karyotype (n = 173), trisomy 16 (n = 62) and monosomy X (n = 46), and peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers (n = 17). The level of methylation of the LINE-1 retrotransposon subfamilies in the control groups of adult lymphocytes and chorionic villi of induced abortions was the highest for evolutionarily young L1HS subfamilies, lower for the more ancient L1PA2 and L1PA3 subfamilies, and the lowest for the even more ancient L1PA4 subfamily. In the groups of spontaneous abortions, an increased level of LINE-1 methylation was observed, and this effect was more pronounced for the older LINE-1 subfamilies. The revealed patterns indicate less control over the older subfamilies of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in the human genome, which can potentially be used as regulatory elements for nearby genes involved in embryonic development. An increase in the level of methylation of such sequences can disrupt the development of the placenta and embryo and make a certain contribution to miscarriage.
Late Mesozoic Adakite Granites in the Northern Framing of the Eastern Flank of the Mongol–Okhotsk Orogenic Belt
Authors: Derbeko I. M.
Published: April 2024

The examination of original and available petrochemical, geochemical, and isotope (Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr) data showed that subalkaline granitoids in the northern framing of the eastern flank of the Mongol–Okhotsk orogenic belt belong to the adakite series. The granitoids are characterized by high Sr/Y, Sr, Al2O3, and LREE, extremely low HREE concentrations, and the absence of negative Eu anomalies. The results obtained and the analysis of the geodynamic setting of their formation made it possible to assume that the granitoids were formed at a depth of more than 45 km through melting of garnet-bearing (20–50% garnet) rocks, which are likely represented by lower crustal Precambrian complexes widespread in the southern framing of the Siberian craton. The source of parental melts involved both mantle and crustal matter. This likely occurred in a subduction setting through melting of frontal or lateral parts of oceanic slab in subduction “windows”. The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Chubachin adakite complex (149–138 Ma) was distinguished. Its formation preceded the initiation of suprasubduction differentiated calc-alkaline magmatism (140–122 Ma) in the northern framing of the eastern flank of the Mongol–Okhotsk orogenic belt.
Actinides Th and U in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Yakutsk
Authors: Makarov V. N.
Published: April 2024

The distribution of Th and U was studied in the near-ground atmosphere of the city of Yakutsk. The chemical compositions of particulate matter (PM) in the summer atmosphere and in the solid and soluble phases of the snowpack were studied in 2019–2020. In the summer atmosphere, Th and U are concentrated mostly in the dust fraction of PM, together with a group of siderophile elements. The wintertime PM is characterized by a more homogeneous size of its particles. PM minerals with which concentrations of actinides correlate are amphiboles and pyroxene for Th and carbonates for U. The Th and U concentrations were found out to systematically decrease in the sequence soil–summer PM (dust)–winter PM (snow), at the dominance of Th, but the aqueous phase of the snow contains U concentrations one order of magnitude higher than those of Th. The bulk (close to 90%) of actinides is deposited during the warm season. The total amount of actinides falling out in Yakutsk is 63 mg/(m2 year), with two-thirds of this amount being Th. This value may locally increase to 200 mg/(m2 year) and more in areas of contrasting anomalies, with the predominance of Th. The main sources of actinides entering the near-ground atmosphere of Yakutsk are dusting from the soil surface and emissions from vehicles, with lesser amounts coming from energy-producing and construction-industry facilities.
Effect of Sulfide Sulfur on the Crystallization of Low-Alkali Magmas: Prolegomena
Authors: Nikolaev G. S.
Published: April 2024

The effect of sulfide sulfur on the crystallization of ultramafic–mafic–intermediate magmatic systems is considered in order to assess its scale and direction during the crystallization of rock-forming phases. The study carried out a theoretical analysis of the effect of sulfur on the activity of the components of the silicate melt according to the Korzhinskii’s principle of acid–base interaction. To test the theoretical constructions, published experimental data analyzed to select data allowing a direct comparison of sulfur-saturated and sulfur-free runs. Despite the very limited number of such experiments, they all fit well with theoretically predicted trends. It has been established that the addition of sulfur to the system moderately reduces the liquidus temperature of rock-forming minerals within 20–30°C, and significantly affects their composition. In particular, chrome spinel is enriched in chromium by 10–12 mol % and complementary depleted in aluminum. The composition of plagioclase is enriched in the anorthite component by 3 mol % in dacites and 8 mol % in andesites; this effect was not established in basalts, but its strengthening can be expected. Olivine and orthopyroxene demonstrate an insignificant increase in magnesian content, but the field of their coexistence is significantly reduced in favor of orthopyroxene, which should inevitably lead to a change in their cotectic and peritectic proportions. Natural observations that can be interpreted as the result of the sulfur effect are taken from publications. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that sulfur significantly affects the crystallization of silicate magmas. It follows that the petrological dependences calibrated for sulfur-free experiments should be applied with caution to the interpretation of sulfur-bearing systems.
Trace Elements in Olivine of Volcanic Rocks: Application to the Study of Magmatic Systems
Authors: Shishkina T. A. , Anosova M. O. , Midisova N. A. , Portnyagin M. V. , Sushchevskaya N. M. , Batanova V. G.
Published: April 2024

A quantitative local analytical method with the application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) was tested at Vernadsky Institute for the determination of contents of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Sc, V, Ca, Ti, Al, Y, and REE) in olivine. Olivine phenocrysts from volcanic rocks of various geological settings have been studied: island-arc basalts, mid-ocean ridge (MOR) basalts, and high-alkaline continental volcanic rocks. The contents of some elements (Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Sc, and Zn) systematically vary during the evolution of the composition of olivine, and the concentration fields of these elements in olivine from different settings overlap one another. At the same time, the contents of some other elements (Ca, Al, Ti, V, and Cu) fundamentally differ in olivine from different geological settings. Copper content in olivine from oceanic tholeiites and highly alkaline continental volcanics is 1–3 ppm, which is systematically lower than copper content in olivine from island-arc basalts (3–9 ppm). The concentrations of vanadium in olivine in MOR basalts are higher than in island-arc and alkaline continental ones, which may be due to relatively more reduced crystallization conditions as more favorable for the incorporation of V3+ into the olivine structure. Variations in the distribution coefficients of trace elements between olivine and silicate melt (DOl/Melement) were determined for volcanic rocks from Kamchatka, the Bouvet Triple Junction, and Gaussberg volcano. It has been demonstrated that the unusually high values DOl/MNi of DOl/MNi = 50–150 previously identified for the lamproites of Gaussberg volcano indicate a mismatch between the composition of the quenched glass and the composition of the equilibrium melt for olivine phenocrysts. When using the bulk compositions of Gaussberg rocks, values of DOl/MNi = 11–21 were obtained, which correspond to experimental estimates for high-potassium rocks. The redox crystallization conditions of the studied rocks were estimated using several oxybarometers based on the distribution of vanadium between coexisting olivine and melt. These values were: ΔQFM= +0.6 to +1.5 for oceanic tholeiites of the Bouvet Triple Junction area, South Atlantic, and ΔQFM = +1.5 to +2.4 for Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka. Estimates of the redox crystallization conditions of the highly alkaline rocks of Gaussberg volcano significantly vary depending on which model is chosen: ΔQFM= +0.2 to +4.8, which may be due to the strong effect of K2O content in the melt involved in one of the models. The newly acquired analytical data confirmed the possibility of using contents of trace elements in olivine to characterize igneous systems from different geological settings and highlighted the need for additional experimental studies on the distribution of these elements between olivine and melt, especially in highly alkaline systems.
Geochemical Markers of Stagnant Zones in an Urban Heat Island
Authors: Tentyukov M. P. , Shukurov K. A. , Belan B. D. , Simonenkov D. V. , Ignatjev G. V. , Mikhailov V. I.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents data acquired by a comparative study of the vertical variability in the chemical composition and ratios of aerosol subdisperse fractions in snow layers chronologically correlated with the stratigraphically significant snowfall periods. These data highlight features of the concentrating of trace elements at reactive (geochemical) barriers in the snow profile. The ratio of three geochemically close groups of elements, such as siderophile, sulfophile, and lithophile elements, were found out to vary relatively little from one snow layer to another in the growing snow cover. Trajectory analysis of the transfer of air masses to which stratigraphically significant snowfalls were related to the observation site provides no evidence that the identified geochemical phenomenon can be explained by that the winter aerosol field that was formed above an urban area with different trajectories of air masses can be somehow inherited in the snow layers of the growing snow cover and thus affect the vertical distributions of trace elements. Evidence indicates that that the ratios of assemblages of trace elements in the discrete snow layers, which remain stable with the growth of the snow mass, can be employed as geochemical markers of stagnant zones in an urban heat island, and the method of geochemical sampling of a snow cover in its discrete layers at a rare network of urban meteorological observation sites is an efficient additional tool for studying microscale atmospheric processes and recovering information on characteristics of the transfer of pollutants in a spatially limited urban area.
Organic Compounds and Metals in the Sediments of Meromictic Lakes Separated from the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea
Authors: Budko D. F. , Nemirovskaya I. A.
Published: April 2024

It is shown that a large number of organic compounds of autochthonous and allochthonous nature are formed in the bottom sediments of separating waterbodies in the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea, despite their subarctic position. The average content of Corg, Ntot, Stot, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments are 5.33, 0.78, 0.53%, 817 μg/g, and 261 ng/g, respectively, which are significantly higher than in sediments of the open areas of the White Sea. The eutrophication of these waterbodies depends on their connection with the sea. It was found that anoxic pelitic sediments of separating lakes are enriched in Cu, Cd, Mo, Hg and U compared to sediments of the open sea bays in Kandalaksha Gulf. Thereby, the Hg and Mo contents are 2 and 14 times higher than their maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) (0.3 and 3 µg/g, respectively). A positive correlation with total sulfur (r 0.8, р 0.01) indicates the prevailing occurrence of these metals in form of poorly soluble sulfides.
Geochemistry of hydrocarbons-biomarkers and carbon isotopes of organic matter in the Domanik Deposits of the Timan-Pechora Basin
Authors: Bushnev D. A. , Burdelnaya N. S. , Bolshakova M. A.
Published: April 2024

It has been established that the average values of some hydrocarbons biomarker coefficients of bitumens from the Domanik deposits and oils from the Domanik–Tournaisian complex coincide. These are the proportions of C27–C29 steranes, tri-/pentacyclanes ratio, and coefficients 2 × С17/С16 + С18 and 2 × С27/С26 + С28 calculated from n-alkane composition. Such indicators as the Pr/Ph, (Pr + Ph)/(n‑C17 + n‑C18), dia-/reg-steranes, and the sterane/hopane ratios in oils are slightly lower than in the bitumen. The average values of δ13C in asphaltene, resin, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic hydrocarbons fractions from oils of the Domanik genotype and in the studied bitumens are similar. The carbon isotope composition of asphaltenes in oils is depleted in 13С compared to those of resins and aromatic hydrocarbons, and vice versa in bitumens. A heterogeneous composition of the bacterial flora in the sediments of the Domanik Sea is suggested. In some places, species with high concentrations of diplopterol or hexafunctional bacteriohopanes likely dominated over bacteriohopantetrol.
Nature of Hydrocarbon Fluids at the Fields in the North of Western Siberia: the Geochemical Aspect
Authors: Goncharov I. V. , Veklich M. A. , Oblasov N. V. , Samoilenko V. V. , Fadeeva S. V. , Kashapov R. S. , Zherdeva A. V. , Smirnova N. A.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents original results of comprehensive geochemical studies of samples of oils, condensates, gases, core, and cuttings from wells drilled in the north of Western Siberia. The studies involved chromatographic and mass spectrometric determinations of the molecular and isotopic composition of the oils, gases, condensates, and rock extracts. Analysis of the results, considered together with literature data, made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the source of the hydrocarbons and the mechanism of formation of their accumulations. Information on the molecular and isotopic composition of the fluids and the distribution of their accumulations and fields in the sedimentary cover shows that most of them are of polychronic and polygenic origin. Features of the molecular and isotopic composition of the fluids make it possible to evaluate the contribution of various sources to the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. The composition of their liquid component was formed as a result of the generation of hydrocarbons by the organic matter of Jurassic source rocks. The Lower and Middle Jurassic rocks with non-marine organic matter also made a significant contribution to the formation of the gas component of deposits in the north of Western Siberia, whereas the Cretaceous rocks generated only dry gas and were likely the main source of gas for the giant fields, whose methane has a light carbon isotope composition. The use of the isotopic composition of carbon in combination with molecular parameters makes it possible to clarify the conditions under which a particular field was formed and to elucidate the migration pathways and distances of hydrocarbon fluids to their accumulation sites
Hydrocarbons in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Norwegian–Barents Sea Basin
Authors: Nemirovskaya I. A. , Khramtsova A. V.
Published: April 2024

The distribution of hydrocarbons (HCs): aliphatic–AHCs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons–PAHs is examined in waters and bottom sediments sampled during cruises 75 and 80 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2019 and 2020 in the Norwegian–Barents Sea Basin: Mohns Ridge, shelf of the Svalbard Archipelago, Storfjord, Medvezhinsky trench, central part of the Barents Sea, Novaya Zemlya shelf, and Franz Victoria Trough. An increase in AHCs content, on average, up to 20–23 μg/L in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) in surface waters compared to those of 2016–2017 is caused by phytoplankton bloom near the ice edge. In bottom sediments, the distribution of AHCs (3–186 μg/g) and PAHs (3–9934 ng/g) depends not only on the sedimentation conditions and particle size composition of sediments, but also on the variability of redox conditions in the sedimentary sequence and molecular diffusion of HCs from productive horizons.
The Content and Speciation of Radionuclides in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Laptev Sea
Authors: Goryachenkova T. A. , Travkina A. V. , Borisov A. P. , Solovyova G. Yu. , Kazinskaya I. E. , Ligaev A. N. , Novikov A. P.
Published: April 2024

In the presented work, the features of the distribution of Cs-137 and plutonium isotopes in modern sediments of various parts of the Laptev Sea, selected during the expedition studies on the RV “Academician Mstislav Keldysh” in 2017 and 2019, were studied. It was found that the activity of Cs-137 in water and sediments is within the global level, which is typical for the seas of the Arctic region. In all the collected samples the specific content of Pu-239,240 isotopes is below the level of the minimum detectable activity. According to the results of isotope analysis of Pb-210, the sedimentation rates in two columns collected in the Laptev Sea are 0.18 and 0.23 cm/year. The study by several methods of the speciation forms of Pu-239, introduced into the samples of bottom sediments under laboratory conditions, showed that the main content of Pu-239 is associated with difficult-to-dissolve organo-mineral components. 30-39% Pu-239 was found in the composition of organic easily soluble acids and humic substances, which include fulvic and humic acids of bottom sediments.
Formation of Nitrogen-Rich Hot Springs in the Water–Granite and Water–Porphyrite Systems
Authors: Pavlov S. Kh. , Chudnenko K. V.
Published: April 2024

The processes of evolutionary transformation of solutions in crystalline rocks of different composition under formation parameters of nitrogen-bearing hot springs have been studied using physicochemical modeling. It has been established that the fundamental factor in the formation of solutions that correspond to modern nitrogen hot springs in composition is the presence of elements that produce anions in the host rocks in appropriate concentrations. They create a characteristic geochemical environment that controls their concentrations and speciation in the solutions and the crystallization/dissolution timing and amounts of secondary minerals at each step of changing the value of the rock/water ratio. Both cations and anions clearly maintain the sequence of their presence in the solution in accordance to their concentration in the rock until the time when the crystallization of secondary minerals modifies the trends of component concentrations in the solution. The reasons for low and very low mineralization of nitrogen hot springs, low concentrations of Mg, Ca, and K and high contents of Na and Si are elucidated. Modern nitrogen terms cannot be formed in rocks containing elements that form anions in an amount corresponding to their average values. Based on the revealed high discreteness of the distribution of these elements in space and their extremely poor understanding, it is concluded that the successful study of hydrogeochemical processes is impossible without taking into account the geological heterogeneity, which is a key problem of hydrogeochemistry and is not taken into account when the processes of interaction in the water/rock system are studied.
Elemental Composition of the Lemnaceae Family in Urbanized Territories of the Russian Federation
Authors: Baranovskaya N. V. , Baranovskaya A. Yu. , Sudyko A. F.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the first ever data on the contents of 28 elements in aquatic plants of the duckweed family (Lemnaceae) in the territory of 65 population centers of the Russian Federation. Data are presented on the elemental composition of duckweed in the urbanized regions of Russia and on the spatial distribution of the studied elements and their calculated concentration coefficients relative to the estimated mean values in the macrophytes. The elemental composition of duckweed is shown to provide significant information about the current ecological and geochemical situation in the study area and can serve as an unbiased indicator of the impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on the environment.
Isotopic (Sm–Nd) and Geochemical (Nb/Y–Zr/Y) Systematics of the Sikhote-Alin Basic-Hyperbasic Complexes
Authors: Kazachenko V. T. , Perevoznikova E. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper demonstrates the possibility of application of the 143Nd/144Nd–Sm/Nd and Nb/Y–Zr/Y diagrams to systematics of basic–ultrabasic complexes of different age: Paleozoic Kalinovsky, Cambrian Sergeevsky and Vladimiro-Aleksandrovsky, and Jurassic and Paleocene ones. The position of data points of the Kalinovsky, Sergeevsky, and Vladimiro-Aleksandrovsky complexes in the diagrams indicates their derivation from a primitive mantle-type (BSE) source, the derivatives of which are frequently associated with Cu, Ni, Co, and PGE mineralization. The position of data points of metabasic rocks of the Avdokimovsky complex and peridotite rocks of the Dalny Kut massif in these diagrams suggests that they have originated from depleted mantle and are promising for the discovery of PGE-bearing chromite mineralization. Data points of Paleocene explosive structures of Sikhote-Alin in the Nb/Y–Zr/Y diagram fall on the trend of recycled crust as a source. This explains the alkaline (to subalkaline) type of magmatism and the high gas saturation of magmas. The explosive structures resemble lamproite pipes, while their rocks are geochemically and mineralogically close both to lamproites and kimberlites.
Quartz-Hosted Fluid Inclusions in Commercial Ores of Various Type at the Verninskoe Gold Deposit, Bodaibo District, Russia
Authors: Kotov A. A. , Prokofiev V. Yu. , Volkov A. V. , Zlobina T. M. , Murashov K. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents data on quartz-hosted fluid inclusions in commercial ores of various type (veinlet−disseminated and vein) of the Verninskoe gold deposit. The ores of various types were found out to significantly vary in the values of some of their physicochemical parameters of the fluids and in the composition of these fluids. The fluids that formed the gold veins have a somewhat higher initial temperature (356–246°C), a higher density of carbon dioxide in gas inclusions (1.00–0.84 g/cm3), and a higher fluid pressure (3170–1390 bar) than those of the fluids that formed the veinlet–disseminated ores (330–252°C, 0.87–0.54 g/cm3, and 1960–570 bar, respectively). The fluids that formed the gold veins were enriched in CО2, Sr, Ag, Ga, Ge, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Ba, and REE, whereas the fluids that formed veinlet–disseminated mineralization were richer in HCO−3, Br, Sb, V, and Au. This situations may be explained by the interaction of the deep fluid with the terrigenous host rocks in the course of ore deposition. When vein quartz crystallized in relatively wide fractures, the fluid interacted with host rocks and changed not as much as when the veinlet−disseminated ores were formed in narrow fractures. The initial parameters of the fluid that formed the vein quartz were thus the closest to the characteristics of the fluid that transported the ore components, and the comparison of these data with the parameters of the fluids that formed the veinlet–disseminated mineralization demonstrates that they changed in the course of ore deposition. The mineral-forming fluids likely came from a deep-sitting source, and the mineral-forming processes may have involve granitoid-derived fluids.
The Chronology of Modern Sedimentation in the Storefjorden Strait (Svalbard Archipelago)
Authors: Meshcheriakov N. I. , Usyagina I. S. , Ilyin G. V.
Published: April 2024

Periods of formation of different sedimentary lithotypes were determined using the results of the study of modern sedimentation processes in the Storefjorden Strait (West Spitsbergen). The chronology of sedimentation was established from variations in specific activity of 210Pb and 226Ra and verified by 137Cs data. Sedimentation rates have varied considerably over the last century in different parts of the sedimentation basin, ranging from 0.04 to 0.3 cm/yr. Sedimentation in the Storefjorden Strait was closely related to changing climatic conditions. Climatic factors (air temperature, atmospheric precipitation) have a different effect in morphologically different sections of the sedimentation basin. In the south of the strait, lithotypes are determined by an oceanological factor (bottom current). Despite the changes in sedimentation rate, the lithotype in the south of Storefjorden has remained stable for more than 100 years. In the north and in the central part of the strait, cooling in the period from 1970 to 1995 caused a change in the bottom sediment structure.
Metagabbro-Dolerites of the Central Part of the Kara Depression, Nenets Autonomous District, Russia: Influence of an Impact Event and the U–Pb (LA–ICP–MS) Age
Authors: Shaibekov P. I. , Ulyasheva N. S. , Khubanov V. B. , Isaenko S. I. , Tropnikov E. M. , Ignatiev G. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents results of petrographic, geochemical, mineralogical, and isotope-geochronological studies of metagabbro-dolerites of the central part of the Kara Depression, located in the middle course of the Sopcha-Yu River in the Yugorsky Peninsula, Nenets Autonomous District, Russia. Two varieties of metagabbro-dolerites are distinguished: quartz-bearing and quartz-free. The influence of an impact event on rock-forming and accessory minerals is considered. It is proved that the impact event has not modified the isotope system of zircon in the metagabbro-dolerites. The U–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) isotope–geochronological dating of the zircons gives an age of the magmatic minerals within the range of 365.3 to 390.8 Ma, which seems to correspond to the age of the massif. The weighted mean age is 375.5 ± 2.6 Ma and likely corresponds to the age of the Hengur complex.
Thermodynamic Properties of Coquimbite and Aluminocoquimbite
Authors: Gritsenko Yu. D. , Ogorodova L. P. , Vigasina M. F. , Kosova D. A. , Dedushenko S. K. , Melchakova L. V. , Ksenofontov D. A.
Published: April 2024

Coquimbite AlFe3+3[SO4]6(H2O)12⋅6H2O (sample from the Javier Mine, Peru) has been studied by thermal and electron microprobe analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The enthalpy of formation of the coquimbite from elements ∆fH0(298.15 K) = −11 118 ± 40 kJ/mol was determined by the method of solution calorimetry in melt of lead borate 2PbO∙B2O3 on a Setaram (France) Calvet microcalorimeter. The value of its absolute entropy S0(298.15 K) = 1248.3 ± 3.0 J/(mol K) was estimated, the entropy of formation ∆fS0(298.15 K) = − 5714.0 ±3.0 J/mol K), and the Gibbs energy of formation from elements ∆fG0(298.15 K) = −9411 ± 40 kJ/mol were calculated. The values of the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation of aluminocoquimbite Al2Fe3+2[SO4]6(H2O)12⋅6H2O from elements were estimated at −11 540 ± 29 and −9830 ± 29 kJ/mol, respectively.
Neoproterozoic Collision Granitoids in the Southwestern Margin of the Siberian Craton: Chemical Composition, U−Pb Age, and Formation Conditions of the Gusyanka Massif
Authors: Nozhkin A. D. , Turkina O. M. , Likhanov I. I.
Published: April 2024

The paper provides evidence that collisional magmatism related to the Neoproterozoic (880−860 Ma) orogenic event occurred in the southwest of the Siberian Craton. Newly obtained data are presented on the major-component and trace-element composition, U−Pb (SHRIMP II) zircon age, and Sm−Nd isotope composition for rocks of the Gusyanka granitoid massif in the Yenisei fault zone of the Yenisei Ridge. The concordant U−Pb zircon age of the Gusyanka massif is 871 ± 11 Ma indicates that its rocks were formed in the mid-Early Neoproterozoic, simultaneously with the rocks of the Kalama and Eruda massifs in the Tatarka−Ishimba fault system, during the same stage of the collisional events at approximately 880–860 Ma. The calc-alkaline granites, granodiorites, and leucogranites of the Gusyanka massif are classified, on the basis of their high alumina content and trace element composition, as S-type and were derived from a metapelitic source. Many trace-element parameters of rocks of the Kalama and Eruda massifs correspond to those of low-potassium I-type granites, which were most likely derived from mafic rocks and tonalites. The granitoids of the Gusyanka massif, on the one hand, and the Kalama and Middle Tyrada massifs, on the other, differ contrastingly in Nd isotope composition. The source of the former was either metapelites of the Tungusik Group or metasedimentary rocks of the Sukhoi Pit Group, with the involvement of juvenile material. The melts of granites of the Kalama and Middle Tyrada massifs might have been derived from a source with the involvement of an older, possibly Paleoproterozoic, crustal material and a juvenile mafic source. Thus, the orogenic events at 880−860 Ma led to the generation of melts at different levels of the Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic crust of the trans-Angara region of the Yenisei Ridge. The geodynamic history of the region is correlated with the synchronous successions and similar style of tectono-thermal events along the peripheries of the large Precambrian cratons of Laurentia and Baltica, and this is consistent with paleocontinental reconstructions of the close spatiotemporal relations between these cratons, Siberia, and their incorporation into Rodinia.
Sources of Metals for the Rudny Altai VMS Deposits: Results of High-Precision MC-ICP-MS Lead Isotope Study
Authors: Chernyshev I. V. , Vikentyev I. V. , Chugaev A. V. , Dergachev A. L. , Ratkin V. V.
Published: April 2024

The Rudny Altai metallogenic province, which is concordant to the structures of the eponymous terrane and located in the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB), is one of the largest volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) provinces in the world. Lead isotopic composition of galena (61 samples in total) was measured for the first time with high accuracy (±0.02%, SD) for 20 sulfide base metal deposits representing the dominant Kuroko type in the Rudny Altai. They are enclosed in the Early–Middle Devonian volcano-sedimentary sequence in association with volcanic rocks of the bimodal basalt-rhyolite series. We studied the large and superlarge deposits of this type: Ridder-Sokol’noe, Tishinskoe, Novo-Leninogorskoe, Zyryanovskoe, Zmeinogorskoe, and Korbalikha. In the province, the isotope ratios 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb vary within narrow limits. At average values of 206Pb/204Pb = 17.820, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.517 and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.669, the root mean square variations (variation coefficient, %) are 0.22, 0.038 and 0.063% respectively. Even more homogeneous composition is observed within ore districts of the province (0.054, 0.012 and 0.020%) and especially within deposits (0.025, 0.010 and 0.013%), where the scale of variations of lead isotope ratios reaches their measurement error (±0.02%). The lead isotopic composition in the province shows no isotopic “signatures” of juvenile (asthenospheric) origin. The evolutionary characteristics of the lead source (its depletion in uranium, the old model Pb-Pb age, and moderate values of the µ2 parameter) together with the persistent isotopic composition allow us to regard the lithospheric mantle consisting of metasomatized and recycled rocks as its source. This source was of regional significance, chemically (U-Th-Pb) and isotopically (Pb-Pb) homogeneous, and common for all deposits. Among other CAOB terranes, including the Chinese Altai, the 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb isotopes in the ore lead of the Rudny Altai terrane have the least radiogenic composition. The previously noted (Chiaradia et al., 2006) systematic decrease of radiogenic isotope content in the lead of ores and rocks of the CAOB terranes from the southwest to the northeast correlates with a decrease in the lower crustal contribution in the same direction in their composition, where fragments and blocks of Precambrian crust are also involved. The peculiarity of the Pb isotopic composition of the Rudny Altai terrane is largely determined by the absence of Precambrian crustal blocks in its composition.
SODALITE: SPECTROSCOPIC AND THERMOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Vigasina M. F. , Vyatkin S. V, , Ogorodova L. P. , Maltsev V. V. , Melchakova L. V. , Gritsenko Yu. D. , Eremina E. N.
Published: April 2024

Two sodalite samples (sample I is Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2⋅0.4H2O from the Kovdor alkaline ultramafic massif with carbonatites in the Murmansk region, Russia, and sample II is Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2⋅0.2H2O from the Bayan Kol nepheline syenite and miaskite massif in the Republic of Tyva) were studied by thermal and electron-microprobe analyses, powder X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and by IR, Raman, and ESR spectroscopy. Solution melt calorimetry was applied to determine the enthalpy of formation from elements for water-bearing sodalite samples: −13536 ± 10 (I) and −13503 ± 19 (II) kJ/mol. The enthalpy of formation of sodalite of the theoretical composition Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 was evaluated at ΔfH0(298.15 K) = −13446 ± 11 kJ/mol. The data obtained on the enthalpy of formation of sodalite and literature data on its S0(298.15 K) were used to calculate the standard Gibbs energies of formation of anhydrous and of water-bearing sodalite.