bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pentingnya Jiwa Persatuan Dan Kesatuan
Authors: SETYAWAN RISDO CATUR
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini berupaya untuk mendeskripsikan jiwa persatuan dan kesatuan untuk mendukung Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Ada dalam bentuk perilaku untuk mendukung terbangunnya pendidikan kewarganegaraan di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian kepustakaan. Untuk penelitian mengenai perilaku-perilaku keseharian masyarakat yang dapat membangun pendidikan kewarganegaraan dapat kita lihat dari pola hidup sehari-hari masyarakat, dimana para masyarakat berinteraksi dengan sesama warga dan terjadilah proses sosial. Upaya untuk mendukung keberagaman tersebut menjadi jiwa bagi terciptanya persatuan dan kesatuan di lingkungan masyarakat. Persatuan dan kesatuan didukung oleh pendidikan kewarganegaraan dengan adanya pengajaran tentang toleransi. Toleransi diajarkan dengan cara berkomunikasi dan berdiskusi dengan orang lain yang berbeda. Lingkungan sekolah yang baik dan lingkungan keluarga juga mendukung terjadinya persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Sikap atau perilaku untuk bekerjasama dan bergotong royong menjadi bentuk konkret untuk menumbuhkan jiwa persatauan dan kesatuan. Dengan demikian persatuan dan kesatauan didukung oleh sifat dan sikap yang perlu diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Tujuan penelitian ini berupaya untuk mendeskripsikan jiwa persatuan dan kesatuan untuk mendukung Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Ada dalam bentuk perilaku untuk mendukung terbangunnya pendidikan kewarganegaraan di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian kepustakaan. Untuk penelitian mengenai perilaku-perilaku keseharian masyarakat yang dapat membangun pendidikan kewarganegaraan dapat kita lihat dari pola hidup sehari-hari masyarakat, dimana para masyarakat berinteraksi dengan sesama warga dan terjadilah proses sosial. Upaya untuk mendukung keberagaman tersebut menjadi jiwa bagi terciptanya persatuan dan kesatuan di lingkungan masyarakat. Persatuan dan kesatuan didukung oleh pendidikan kewarganegaraan dengan adanya pengajaran tentang toleransi. Toleransi diajarkan dengan cara berkomunikasi dan berdiskusi dengan orang lain yang berbeda. Lingkungan sekolah yang baik dan lingkungan keluarga juga mendukung terjadinya persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Sikap atau perilaku untuk bekerjasama dan bergotong royong menjadi bentuk konkret untuk menumbuhkan jiwa persatauan dan kesatuan. Dengan demikian persatuan dan kesatauan didukung oleh sifat dan sikap yang perlu diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa dalam Rangka Memupuk Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa Pasca Kemerdekaan
Authors: Kaka Delsiana Lali
Published: October 2021

Pemilihan topik kegiatan ini didasarkan pada perhatian penulis terhadap perkembangangenerasi muda pada era sekarang ini yang sangat memprihatinkan. Pengetahuan terhadapsuatu nilai kesejarahan sudah mulai menurun drastis. Mereka sebagian besar hanyamembicarakan masalah kekinian saja serta mengesampingkan masa lalu.Sejarah mereka anggap hanya sebagai barang antik yang harus dimuseumkan. Kalangangenerasi muda sekarang banyak yang mengidap penyakit amnesia sejarah. Padahal apabilakita amati secara cermat banyak sekali persoalan sekarang ini yang bisa diselesaikan dengansejarah.Kembali pada tujuan awal bahwa belajar sejarah itu bukan hanya saja untuk mengetahui masalampau, tetapi lebih dari itu, yaitu untuk melatih manusia lebih bersikap bijaksana dalammenyelesaikan persoalan. Persoalan bangsa selama ini menjadi suatu penghambat dalammajunya suatu negara.Lalu dengan kompleksnya persoalan negara itu, selanjutnya mau dibawa ke arah mananegara ini di masa depan.Semua itu tentunya tugas generasi muda sebagai generasi penerus bangsa. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah ini adalah metode penelitiansejarah, dengan cara merekonstruksi masa lampau melalui proses pengujian dan analisissecara kritis terhadap rekaman dan peninggalan masa lampau.Secara garis besar penelitian sejarah terbagi menjadi empat tahapan yaitu, heuristik, kritik,interpretasi dan historiografi
Artikel Algoritma Pemrograman Mawaddah Nur Asri
Authors: Asri Mawaddah Nur
Published: October 2021

Notasi Bahasa dan Struktur Dasar Algoritma Pemrograman nantinya sangat berguna dalam melakukan pemrograman dalam algoritma, hal ini akan sering dilakukan oleh para pelaku algoritma atau orang yang merancang algoritma sehingga notasi bahasa dan struktur dasar ini perlu diketahui bagi pelaku tersebut. Notasi bahasa sendiri banyak menggunakan bahasa C, C+, C++, namun banyak notasi bahasa lainnya yang digunakan dalam algoritma pemrograman. Namun, struktur dasarnya memiliki 3 struktur yang sangat mendasar, hal ini akan tersedia sampai ke penjelasan yang lebih lanjut dan lebih lengkap.
Bidimensional Features of Prosody and Semantic are Sufficient for Inferring and Predicting Threatening Speech Comprehension
Authors: Busch Moreno Simon , Vinson David
Published: October 2021

The present study investigates how variation in acoustic measures and lexical semantic properties affect the comprehension of threatening speech. Two experiments were conducted in British English, where participants had to rate the threat of three types of sentences: sentences neutral in prosody and semantics, sentences containing only prosodic threat, and sentences containing only semantic threat. They also rated the sentences for arousal and valence, and categorised them by type of emotional expression. Threat ratings were analysed via Bayesian ordered-logistic regressions using acoustic measures and affective norms as regressors. Classification was assessed via simple Bayesian categorical (Dirichlet prior) models. Acoustic properties of stimuli were compared through a Bayesian method for comparison of means to test whether neutral stimuli differ, on average, from their threatening counterparts. Acoustic but not semantic properties affected ratings of threatening prosody (increased pitch and decreased voice quality predicting increased threat), while the reverse was true for ratings of threatening semantics (increased arousal and decreased valence predicting increased threat). Using data from the first speaker (first experiment) the models were able to predict ratings given to sentences produced by the second speaker (second experiment). Furthermore, threatening sentences of both types tended to be categorized as angry or enraged. These results are interpreted as supporting the sufficiency of the selected measures (pitch, voice quality, arousal, valence) to characterise threat. Although multidimensional models may be better suited for describing threatening prosody/semantics, the present approach demonstrates that selected bidimensional features are sufficient to identify and predict threat comprehension efficiently and accurately.
Subchronic high dose of oral monosodium glutamate causes structural and functional deficits of rat hippocampus
Authors: Muhammad Faizal
Published: October 2021

The toxicity of monosodium glutamate (MSG) at high concentration has become a controversial issue because of its inconsistent results in human and animal studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of subchronic high doses oral administration of MSG on the spatial memory and the estimated total number of the hippocampal pyramidal cells. This study involved twenty-eight male Wistar rats which were divided into control group and 3 intervention groups (1.0 mg/g body weight, 2.0 mg/g body weight, and 4.0 mg/g body weight) of MSG for 30 days. The estimated number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the Cornu Ammonis (CA) region including CA1 and CA2-CA3 regions and the data of spatial memory were analyzed using ANOVA test. This study implemented stereological procedures and the precision was evaluated using the formula. The dose of 4 mg/g body weight MSG caused a significant decrease (p = 0.004) in the estimated number of pyramidal cells in CA1, but not in the CA2-CA3 of hippocampus (p = 0.173). The CA1 region were more vulnerable to glutamate excitotoxicity than those in the CA2-CA3 region. The present study has provided novel quantitative data that subchronic high dose of MSG caused deleterious effects on the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and memory consolidation.
Thе Unаvаilаbility оf Prеvеntivе Cаrе fоr Childrеn during thе CОVID-19 Pаndеmic аnd Pаrеntаl Mеntаl Hеаlth
Authors: Le Kien
Published: October 2021

Thе оutbrеаk оf thе соrоnаvirus disеаsе 2019 (CОVID-19) саusing milliоns оf pеоplе tо bе infесtеd hаs pоsеd mаjоr publiс hеаlth аnd gоvеrnаnсе сhаllеngеs. This study еvаluаtеs thе еxtеnt tо whiсh thе unаvаilаbility оf prеvеntivе саrе sеrviсеs fоr сhildrеn duе tо thе pаndеmiс аffесts pаrеntаl psyсhоlоgiсаl wеllbеing. Wе find thаt pаrеnts hаving nо ассеss tо prеvеntivе саrе sеrviсеs fоr thеir сhildrеn duе tо thе pаndеmiс аrе 6.55, 5.04, 3.90, аnd 3.85 pеrсеntаgе pоints mоrе likеly tо fееl аnxiоus, wоrriеd, displеаsеd, аnd dеprеssеd еvеry dаy. Thе study саlls fоr thе еxpаnsiоn оf prеvеntivе саrе sеrviсеs fоr сhildrеn during thе pаndеmiс, еspесiаlly fоr disprоpоrtiоnаtеly аffесtеd соmmunitiеs.
Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Distengrasi Bangsa Bangsa Dalam Rangka Persatuan Dan Kesatuan Pasca Kemerdekaan
Authors: Kaka Delsiana Lali
Published: October 2021

Pemilihan topik kegiatan ini didasarkan pada perhatian penulis terhadap perkembangangenerasi muda pada era sekarang ini yang sangat memprihatinkan. Pengetahuan terhadapsuatu nilai kesejarahan sudah mulai menurun drastis. Mereka sebagian besar hanyamembicarakan masalah kekinian saja serta mengesampingkan masa lalu.Sejarah mereka anggap hanya sebagai barang antik yang harus dimuseumkan. Kalangangenerasi muda sekarang banyak yang mengidap penyakit amnesia sejarah. Padahal apabilakita amati secara cermat banyak sekali persoalan sekarang ini yang bisa diselesaikan dengansejarah.Kembali pada tujuan awal bahwa belajar sejarah itu bukan hanya saja untuk mengetahui masalampau, tetapi lebih dari itu, yaitu untuk melatih manusia lebih bersikap bijaksana dalammenyelesaikan persoalan. Persoalan bangsa selama ini menjadi suatu penghambat dalammajunya suatu negara.Lalu dengan kompleksnya persoalan negara itu, selanjutnya mau dibawa ke arah mananegara ini di masa depan.Semua itu tentunya tugas generasi muda sebagai generasi penerus bangsa. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah ini adalah metode penelitiansejarah, dengan cara merekonstruksi masa lampau melalui proses pengujian dan analisissecara kritis terhadap rekaman dan peninggalan masa lampau.Secara garis besar penelitian sejarah terbagi menjadi empat tahapan yaitu, heuristik, kritik,interpretasi dan historiografi.
Employee Angility
Authors: Yangriani
Published: October 2021

Inovasi menjadi suatu alat penting untuk mencapai kesuksesan dan kelangsungan peroperasian dalam perusahaan. Inovasi yang di sertai dengan kelincahan telah menjadi kemampuan penting yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi perubahan yang tidak terduga dan dapat menjadi sebuah peluang utnuk mencapai keunggulan yang kompetitif. Kelincahan yang dapat diberikan oleh karyawan mengacu pada sejauh mana karyawan dapat dengan cepat merespon perubahan lingkungan kerja dengan kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan perubahan tersebut sebagai salah satu kepentingan organisasi.
On The Likelihood of Acquiring a Premium Service Under Freemium and Paymium: Field and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Ash David , Shahar Danny Ben , Dorfman Anna
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe freemium sales model, which offers consumers the use of a free-basic service that may later be converted to a paid-premium one, has been widely adopted in the online application industry. More recently, the alternative paymium sales method, which unlike freemium offers the basic service at a fee, has gained popularity. We examine the likelihood of acquiring the premium service under freemium and paymium by (a) analyzing real-world data (N=52,156) from a large online classified real estate service that changed its sales model from freemium to paymium, and (b) conducting a series of controlled experiments with real monetary incentives. We consistently find a greater likelihood of acquiring the premium service under paymium and premium-only methods, as compared to freemium. Examining the behavioral mechanism underlying our robust results, we find that people demand greater compensation for relinquishing a free (vs. non-free) service—beyond the trivial difference in services’ costs. Our findings advance the theoretical understanding of the role of zero (vs. non-zero) prices on consumers’ sequential choices and contribute to practical implementation of effective online sales methods.
Noise in the process: Assessing the evidential value of mediation analyses in marketing journals
Authors: Charlton Aaron , Montoya Amanda Kay , Price John , Hilgard Joseph , Krefeld-Schwalb Antonia
Published: October 2021

Mediation analysis plays a central role in marketing research due to its usefulness in helping to explain complex processes. Like other forms of inference, mediation analyses are susceptible to false positive results. This is particularly true when analytic decisions are based on the data, rather than a priori hypotheses. To assess the collective evidential value of mediation analyses in marketing, we used an approach first implemented by Götz and colleagues (2021) that (1) measures the relative proximity of confidence intervals to zero (RP) and (2) aggregates a related set of RP scores into a single distribution. For our analysis, we compared the RP distribution of top marketing journals (2018-20) to simulations of low power, adequate power, and null effects. We also compared the marketing journals to real-world data from Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP) (2018-20). We found that, in terms of evidential value, mediation analyses in marketing substantially deviated from simulations of adequate power and JPSP but were similar to simulations of low power and null effects. We propose study preregistration, corrections for multiple testing, and increased statistical power as solutions to increase evidence quality going forward.
The Impact of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiao Zhuoni , Murat Baldwin Mina , WONG SIU CHING , Obsuth Ingrid , Meinck Franziska , Murray Aja Louise
Published: October 2021

Childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect are the least well-studied forms of childhood abuse due to difficulties in detection and definition. Available evidence suggests associations with multiple adulthood mental health problems in both clinical and non-clinical populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020197833) explored the associations between childhood emotional abuse and neglect and various adulthood mental health problems based on eight databases. There were 79 English and 11 Chinese studies meeting inclusion criteria. The results suggested that childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect had positive associations with various adulthood mental health problems (d = 0.02-1.84) such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, suicide ideation, or suicide ideation or attempts, personality disorder, eating disorder and other psychological symptoms in the general population and across different geographical regions. Further, the findings suggested that compared with individuals in non-clinical populations, individuals in clinical populations were more likely to have experienced emotional abuse and neglect during their childhood. The review highlights the need for more research on emotional abuse and emotional neglect, especially in non-western countries and the elder populations. They further underline the importance of addressing issues related to childhood emotional abuse/neglect experiences for the prevention and treatment of mental health issues in adulthood.
Ontogenetic Origins of Infant Pointing
Authors: Liszkowski Ulf , Rüther Johanna Nuria
Published: October 2021

Human pointing is foundational to language acquisition and sociality. The current chapter explores the ontogenetic origins of the human pointing gesture in infancy. First, the authors define infant pointing in terms of function, cognition, motivation, and morphology. Then, the authors review current evidence for predictors of infant pointing on child and caregiver levels, because any predictors provide insights into the basic developmental factors. From this review, the authors introduce and discuss a number of pertinent accounts on the emergence of pointing: social shaping accounts (pointing-from- reaching; pointing-from-non-communicative pointing) and social cognition accounts (pointing-from-imitation; pointing-from-gaze-following). The authors end by presenting a synthesis, which holds that child-level cognitive factors, specifically directedness andsocial motivation, interact with caregiver-level social factors, specifically responsiveness and assisting actions relevant to infants’ directed activity. The interaction of these factors creates social goals and formats that scale up to pointing acts expressing triadic relations between infant, caregiver, and entities at a distance in the context of joint activity and experience.
Comparison of The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Saudi Nationals Arriving from Foreign Countries during Institutional Quarantine and After Being Released: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2021
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: October 2021

Background: Being quarantined is an unpleasant experience for the persons who undergo it. Several studies showed there is a high prevalence of mental illnesses during quarantine which range from stress, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, irritability, low mood, and insomnia.Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress due being quarantined for 14 days in individuals who returned to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from outside the country during COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 at one of the Ministry of Health designated quarantine centers and reassess participants a year after being released from the quarantine center to compare the outcomes. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study that employed 138 participants. Result: In terms of depression, 91 of the 138 individuals were categorized as normal, with 24 and 13 cases scoring mild and severe, respectively. Nine people, on the other hand, received extreme depression ratings based on their responses, with only one case being categorized as really severe depression. Anxiety levels were measured in this study's subjects. Six patients reported severe anxiety throughout the quarantine period, while 15 others had mild anxiety. Fortunately, the number of persons suffering from severe and moderate anxiety decreased after a year, with only one severe case and three reasonable examples left. At the time of quarantine, all 138 people were classified as normal (n=108), mild stress (n=19), or moderate stress (n=11). A year later, 126 people scored normal, ten people scored mild, and just two people rated significantly when their stress levels were assessed. Conclusion: The findings suggest that persons who are not in quarantine, and especially those who are in quarantine, require psychological assistance. People's health is more important than ever before, because a country's development is defined by the well-being of its citizens and investors.
About Face: Seeing Class and Race
Authors: Paul Mark , Gaither Sarah , Darity William
Published: October 2021

People’s social class, and the perceptions of their social class are embedded in an institutional context that has important ramifications for one’s life opportunities and outcomes. Research on first impressions has found that people are relatively accurate at judging a variety of traits such as perceived sexual orientation and income, but there is a paucity of research that investigates whether people are also accurate at judging wealth or class. In this article, we first investigate whether people understand the distinction between income and wealth (Study 1). Then, using a novel dataset, we examine whether people are accurate at identifying the income and wealth levels of individuals across racial and ethnic groups by facial cues alone (Study 2). We find that participants understand the meaning of income, but not wealth. Additionally, we find that perceivers categorize class more accurately than by sheer chance, using minimal facial cues, but perceivers are particularly inaccurate when categorizing high-income and high-wealth Black and Latinx subjects.
Do Attitudes, Trust, and Acceptance of Pseudoscience and Conspiracy Theories Predict COVID-19 Vaccination Status?
Authors: Grawitch Matthew J , Lavigne Kristi
Published: October 2021

Vaccine hesitancy among the general population has become a primary concern for contending with the COVID pandemic as policymakers continue to exhaust options to incentivize individuals and vaccination uptake begins stagnating. The current study explores the relative contributions of several potential predictors of vaccine hesitancy. In an online cross-sectional survey study, 917 individuals from the U.S. were assessed on general and COVID-specific vaccine attitudes, COVID conspiracy and pseudoscientific beliefs, trust in various sources of information about COVID, and health and safety concerns surrounding the COVID vaccination. COVID vaccine attitudes, as well as general vaccine attitudes and behaviors, explained a substantial amount of variance, with trust in various information sources being moderately predictive of COVID vaccine attitudes. The data indicated a weak relationship between conspiracy and pseudoscientific beliefs, which disappeared altogether upon controlling for other variables. These findings suggest that efforts to confront vaccine hesitancy should go beyond confronting misinformation and consider initiatives aimed at trust enhancement and attitude change in vaccine-hesitant individuals.
Mask Refusal Backlash: The Politicization of Face Masks in the American Public Sphere During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Scoville Caleb , McCumber Andrew , Amironesei Razvan , Jeon June
Published: October 2021

This research shows how face masks took on discursive political significance during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We argue that political divisions over masks cannot be understood by looking to partisan differences in mask wearing behaviors alone. Instead, we show how the mask became a political symbol enrolled into patterns of affective polarization. This study relies on qualitative and computational analyses of opinion articles (n = 7,970), and supplemental analyses of Twitter data, the transcripts of major news networks, and longitudinal survey data. First, we show that anti-mask discourse was consistently marginal, and that backlash against mask refusal came to prominence and did not decline even as masking behaviors normalized and partly depolarized. Second, we show that backlash against mask refusal—rather than mask refusal itself—was the primary way that masks were discussed in relation to national electoral, governmental, and partisan themes.
Reconfiguring Periphery: Localizing Spatial Dependencies of Capitalism in West Asia and North Africa
Authors: Soudias Dimitris , Fischer-Tahir Andrea
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the relationship between processes of peripherialization, agency, and knowledge production in West Asia and North Africa, and, in so doing, introduces the META special issue on "Periphery".
Challenges that Early Career Researchers Face in Academic Research and Publishing
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime
Published: October 2021

the academic community. Yet, in some respects, they occupy a selectively inferior niche due to structural constraints, as well as personal and professional limitations. ECRs, who are at an initial stage of their careers, face multiple challenges in research and publishing due to a relative lack of experience. These may make them vulnerable to abuse and cause stress and anxiety. Those challenges may have been amplified in the COVID-19 era. ECRs' efforts may unfairly boost the reputation of their mentors and/or supervisors (Matthew Effect), so greater credit equity is needed in research and publishing. This opinion paper provides a broad appreciation of the struggles that ECRs face in research and publishing. This paper also attempts to identify extraneous factors that might make ECRs professionally more vulnerable in the COVID-19 era than their established seniors. ECRs may find it difficult to establish a unique career path that embraces creativity and accommodates their personal or professional desires. This is because they may encounter a rigid research and publishing environment that is dominated by a structurally determined status quo. The role of ECRs' supervisors is essential in guiding ECRs in a scholarly volatile environment, allowing them to adapt to it. ECRs also need to be conscientious of the constantly evolving research and publishing landscape, the importance of open science and reproducibility, and the risks posed by spam and predatory publishing. Flexibility, sensitivity, creativity, adaptability, courage, good observational skills, and a focus on research and publishing integrity are key aspects that will hold ECRs in good stead on their scientific career path in a post-COVID-19 era.
Corporate social responsibility dan kesejahteraan masyarakat: pendekatan triple bottom line
Authors: Widyatama Arif , Sabirin Andi , Ningrum Sulastia
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand in depth the implementation of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in improving the welfare of the community through the CSR program conducted by PT. PLN Region Sulutenggo. The research method used is interpretive, namely understanding from various informants' perspectives regarding the implementation of CSR. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of PT PLN Sulutenggo Region has carried out various work programs that were born through social mapping obtained by phenomena or problems of residents in the area where PT PLN operates, including in the fields of education and health. Therefore, PT PLN must actively participate in continuing to be committed to its work programs. This research has implications for the implementation of the triple bottom line which is fundamental to the implementation of CSR, because companies are not only required to increase revenue but also contribute to two other aspects, namely social and environmental so that the work program of the company's CSR can prosper the community around PT PLN Sulutenggo Region.
The Analysis of Factors of the Vice President Secretariat Organization's Performance in Supporting the Vice President
Authors: Furkon Effi Ratna , Prasojo Eko
Published: October 2021

The implementation of the Vice President's broad and dynamic duties must of course be supported by good performance tools. As the Vice President's first support system, the position of the Vice President's Secretariat (Setwapres) was very strategic to improve organizational performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the performance factors of the Vice President Secretariat in providing support to the Vice President from the perspective of the McKinsey 7S Framework. This research was a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The study used primary data and secondary data. Primary data sources using the interview method. Secondary data sources using relevant document data search. All data were presented descriptively and analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study indicated that the supporting factors were (1) a structure where there was a clear division of tasks and functions as well as good coordination; (2) a style in which democratic leadership made communication work well with direct involvement of the leadership in carrying out tasks; (3) the existence of shared values accompanied by internalization and strengthening activities. The inhibiting factors were: (1) a strategy in which several activity programs were not in accordance with the Vice President's priority program; (2) a system where the implementation of SOPs was not entirely appropriate; (3) staff where the placement was not in accordance with the educational background; (4) skills that had not been supported by appropriate training.
Aceh Provincial Government's Food Security Policy to Facing Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Keumala Syahnaz Oriza , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Suswanta Suswanta , Akbar Paisal
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on all aspects of life, especially in this case, its impact on food security conditions. With the imposition of restrictions on activities between regions to minimize the spread of Covid-19, we must put an acceptable food security policy to realize areas that are maintained in food conditions. The purpose of this research is to find out what food security policies the Aceh Provincial government is implementing in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is the qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data obtained from online media reports are then processed using the Nvivo 12 Plus software to display Aceh Province's current policy issues. This study's findings indicate that the food security conditions of districts/cities in Aceh Province are still classified as green zones, meaning districts/cities in Aceh Province are still classified as healthy food security conditions. Meanwhile, the policy issue present in Aceh Province shows that at the national reporting level, six problems arise, namely farmers, agriculture, health, food, programs, and governance. In contrast, there are issues on rice, farmer, community, government, food policy, program, land, and agriculture at the local level. Furthermore, carried out findings related to food security policies in Aceh province through two programs, namely the Aceh Food Independent Movement (Gampong) program and the Rice Planting Index Improvement Program, or what is known as the IP-300 program. This activity program has been carried out well by the city/district level government through various derivative programs that are in line with the objectives of the Aceh Province food security policy program.
Estimation of the initial material of spring barley for adaptability to arid conditions of the Stavropol territory
Authors: Morozov N. A. , Samsonov I. V. , Pankratova N. A.
Published: October 2021

Grain production stabilization is one of the main criteria for the development of agriculture in Russia. In this regard, in modern breeding, when developing varieties, considerable attention must be paid to their adaptability, i.e. parameters that ensure stable productivity in various growing conditions. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the spring barley samples according to the trait ‘yield’ for adaptability to the arid conditions of the Stavropol Territory and their further use in breeding work. The material for the study were 86 spring barley samples. In order to determine the stability, there was used a variance coefficient (V%) according to the method of B.A. Dospekhov (2014). The ecological adaptability (bi) and the environment index (Ij) were determined according to the method of S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell (1966) as presented by V.Z. Pakudin (1984). Homeostaticity (Hom) was assessed according to the method of V.V. Hangildin (1981). Stress resistance was determined according to the equations of A.A. Rosielle and J. Hamblin as presented by A.A. Goncharenko (2005). There were identified the highly productive samples ‘Mamlyuk’ (389 g/m2) and ‘Stirling’ (378 g/m2), possessing high responsiveness to improving environmental conditions (bi = 1.44–1.21), variability (V = 58.9–51,2%) and low stress resistance (Ymin – Ymax = -538–488). Such genotypes are capable of forming high yields in favorable conditions and may be of interest for breeding high-intensity varieties. The samples weakly responsive to changes in growing conditions were distinguished by high stability and homeostaticity according to the trait ‘yield’, namely ‘Nutans 74840’ (Hom = 2.88; V = 38.4%) and ‘Veles’ (Hom = 2.56; V = 38.5%), as well as the adaptable variety ‘Getman’ (Hom = 2.89; V = 40.6%). These samples are the most adaptive to the arid conditions of the Stavropol Territory and regions with similar cultivation conditions. They are recommended for use in breeding work.
Estimation of sedimentation and grain quality indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties
Authors: Nekrasova О. A. , Kravchenko N. S. , Ignatieva N. G. , Kopus M. M. , Marchenko D. M.
Published: October 2021

The current paper has presented the study results of SDS-sedimentation and grain quality indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties in an interstation variety testing from the research institutions of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and France. The research work was carried out in 2017–2019 in the field of the laboratory for breeding winter bread wheat, the forecrop was maize for grain. The purpose of the research was to estimate SDS-sedimentation, protein percentage in grain, quantity and quality of gluten in the winter bread wheat varieties of interstation variety testing, for the subsequent introduction of the best samples in the breeding process aimed at improving grain quality. Grain quality indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties were identified in the laboratory for biochemical estimation of breeding material and grain quality using IR spectroscopy on ‘SpektraStar 2200’ analyzer. There was established that according to the SDS-sedimentation most of the samples corresponded to strong wheat (50–63 ml). There have been identified the genotypes with the highest values of this trait, such as ‘Shef’ (58 ml), ‘Nakhodka’ (59 ml) and ‘Don 107’ (61 ml). The largest gluten content in grain was identified in the varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Shef’, ‘Kavalerka’, ‘Timiryazevka 150’ and ‘Nakhodka’ (25.5–26.2%). The largest protein percentage in grain has been identified in the varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Shef’, ‘Aksinya’, ‘Nakhodka’ and ‘Timiryazevka 150’ (12.5-12.8%). The varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Shef’, ‘Nakhodka’ and ‘Timiryazevka 150’ were identified according to the studied traits and were recommended to be involved in the breeding process as parental forms.
Bonhoeffer’s Christological Interpretation of the Psalms: A Response
Authors: Pribbenow Brad A.
Published: October 2021

[Figure: see text]

This article is a response to three others written in this journal on the topic of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s interpretation of the Psalms. The basic questions pursued here are, What is the origin of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Christological interpretation of the Psalms and does it have a defensible place for Psalms study and use today? The article interacts with the comments and proposals from each author, presenting context from Bonhoeffer’s life for the authors’ analysis and conclusions. The aim is not to defend Bonhoeffer’s interpretation of the Psalms as much as to shed light on the development and shape of his interpretation, which is demonstrated in the writing of Prayerbook of the Bible in 1940. Through this analysis, this article aims to promote greater understanding of Bonhoeffer’s exegetical and theological development in order to grasp his own aims more clearly in an attempt to appropriate his interpretive insights and conclusions for today.
A Rare Case of Skull Base Osteomyelitis Caused By E.Coli and Candida Albicans in A Patient with Gapo Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kaya Abdurrahman , Kaya Sibel Yıldız , Alkan Sena , Alkan Mustafa
Published: October 2021

Skull base osteomyelitis is a very rare and life-threatening disease. It has significant mortality and morbidity though appropriate antibiotherapy. Here we report a case of atypical skull base osteomyelitis, which is rarely seen in infectious disease practice, caused by E.coli and Candida albicans in a patient with GAPO syndrome.
Can Body Height Be Used to Predict Knee Implant Sizes?
Authors: Kader Deiary
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Accuracy of pre-operative templating using radiographs or joint replacement programmes is variable. Implant modularity has increased the number of sizes available and trays used per procedure. Multiple intra-operative implant size trials lead to longer surgery time and greater instrument maintenance costs. It was hypothesised that patient factors could predict the size of implant and tray required, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing operative time. This study aims to identify correlation between implant size and body height to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Method: This prospective cohort study includes patients who underwent primary total knee replacement using the DePuy ATTUNE® Primary Total Knee System between 1st January 2016 to 7th August 2017 performed by a single surgeon, at a single hospital. Post-operative x-rays were reviewed for appropriate implant sizing. The DePuy ATTUNE® Primary Total Knee System has five sets, split into sizes 1-2, 3-5, 6-8 and 9-10. Results: 188 patients (205 knees) were included, 66 male and 122 female. Male height was 174.6cm (152-194.3) with average implant size 8. Female height was 158.7cm (145-177.8) with average implant size 5. The Spearman rank correlation between body height, femoral and tibial size were 0.793 and 0.837 respectively. All men <170cm and >185cm used the 6-8 and 9-10 set respectively. All women <150cm and >170cm used the 3-5 and 6-8 set respectively. Conclusion: The positive correlation identified coincides with existing literature. Using extremes of height and gender, surgeons and theatre staff could predict the likely trial set required, improve theatre efficiency and reduce costs.
A Rare Genetic Diseases; Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Case Report
Authors: Rasso A. , Boukhari K. , Baybay H. , Elloudi S. , Douhi Z. , Mernissi FZ.
Published: October 2021

A 3 years-old girl, born of a 25-year-old mother, and of 30-year-old father, with a 1st degree consanguineous marriage. She was born full term after an uneventful pregnancy. History of similar disease was not present in her family. The parents consulted pour management of skin lesion. with no associated functional signs including no mental retardation, no epilepsy. they report that her skin had been fiery red at the birth time and vesicles had developed shortly afterwards. Then the lesions had cleared gradually and left linear hypo-pigmentation. On clinical examination, showed a facial asymmetry, especially mandibular. Hypopigmented atrophic streaks were seen in her face abdomen, back and limbs, with a baschko-linear path. And she had a syndactyly from the toes of the feet. And. The disease was diagnosed as Incontinentia pigmenti (IP). The ophthalmic exam was normal. Her genetic counseling was otherwise normal. A dental radio-panoramic, and MRI of the cerebral, and lumbosacral spine have been requested.
Experienced Anxiety and Death Impulse in Diabetic Adolescents
Authors: Mireille Ndje
Published: October 2021

The drive and the experience of the diabetic adolescent have been extensively discussed, but not enough the one of the death drive in teenagers suffering from diabetes. Some researchers have addressed this issue raising the expression of suffering and the role of caregivers in caring for the person with diabetes. The refusal to be treated is due to the fact that diabetes unlike other chronic diseases requires daily injections, adherence to a diet and control of blood sugar every day. We are interested in the teenager who is invaded by the death drive due to the imprint of diabetes on his adolescence thereby weakening his psyche. The main goal is to understand the experiences of non-compliant adolescents living with diabetes. To achieve this, we used the clinical method and the clinical interviews have been done at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé from three participants. These interviews have been treated through a content analysis and the findings show that diabetes sound on the psyche of the teenager. So, this disease cause suffering, pain related to daily injections that grow some adolescents with non-therapeutic compliance and even refusal to seek treatment. Thus, this disease destroys the body of the adolescent, limits his pleasures, disintegrates his body, makes him suffer. Indeed, it damages the body of the adolescent, destroys it for the sole purpose of annihilating it. All these difficulties related to the disease in adolescence weaken his psyche and develop in him the death drive. This allowed us to the deadly trends in the adolescent who suffers because of his posture of chronic patient as well as all the restrictions imposed by the disease to adolescence weakening his psyche that could lead to an uncertain death.
Characterization of hospital-acquired pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit. General Hospital
Authors: Ochoa Dixan
Published: October 2021

Objective: characterize the hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAN) in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU) of the Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to characterize the hospital-acquired pneumonia in admitted patient in ICU of the General Hospital “Guillermo Domínguez López” in Puerto Padre, Las Tunas since June, 2018 to May, 2019. The population was all the patients who acquired the infection during the admission. The information was taken from de patient`s clinic file. It was created graphics and charts to pick the information. Dates was described, analyzed and compared with others national and international studies. Result: the prevalent age group was 60 -79 to 59%. Asisted mechanical ventilation was not realed with the HAN due to the procedure was only performing in 9 patients to 25%. The most frequent isolated germ was citrobacter. The deseases which was most related with (HAN) was neurological deseases. The mortality was high, 20 patients die to 58%. Conclusion: clinic and epidemiologic characterisctics of NIH was described in the ICU of the General Hospital “Guillermo Domínguez López”.
Pour une garantie universelle de revenu : éléments pratiques
Authors: Wolf Marc
Published: October 2021

Hors des débats sémantiques, la simplification des minima sociaux sous forme de garantie universelle de revenu soulève de beaux enjeux de qualité des finances publiques. La solution de l’impôt négatif dans un cadre sociofiscal intégré conduit à revisiter de manière pragmatique tant le vecteur législatif que les instruments d’administration de l’impôt sur le revenu.
Is cues of contagious diseases in advertising a friend or foe?
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Ranaweera Achini , Wijekoon Amali ,   University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Published: October 2021

Dr (Mrs.) Achini Ranaweera, a Senior lecturer from the Department of Textile and Apparel Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Dr (Mrs.) Amali Wijekoon, a Senior lecturer from the Department of Management Technology, Faculty of Business in collaboration with two international researchers from Australia and the UK are all geared up to examine if cues of contagious disease in advertisements can influence consumption behaviour by eliciting negative emotions such as anxiety, disgust, and fear.
Adjuvant radiation versus observation with salvage radiation after gross-total resection of WHO grade II meningiomas: a propensity score–adjusted analysis
Authors: Momin Arbaz A. , Soni Pranay , Shao Jianning , Nowacki Amy S. , Suh John H. , Murphy Erin S. , Chao Samuel T. , Angelov Lilyana , Mohammadi Alireza M. , Barnett Gene H. , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

After gross-total resection (GTR) of a newly diagnosed WHO grade II meningioma, the decision to treat with radiation upfront or at initial recurrence remains controversial. A comparison of progression-free survival (PFS) between observation and adjuvant radiation fails to account for the potential success of salvage radiation, and a direct comparison of PFS between adjuvant and salvage radiation is hampered by strong selection bias against salvage radiation cohorts in which only more aggressive, recurrent tumors are included. To account for the limitations of traditional PFS measures, the authors evaluated radiation failure-free survival (RFFS) between two treatment strategies after GTR: adjuvant radiation versus observation with salvage radiation, if necessary.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent GTR of newly diagnosed WHO grade II meningiomas at their institution between 1996 and 2019. They assessed traditional PFS in patients who underwent adjuvant radiation, postoperative observation, and salvage radiation. For RFFS, treatment failure was defined as time from initial surgery to failure of first radiation. To assess the association between treatment strategy and RFFS while accounting for potential confounders, a multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for the propensity score (PS) and inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) Cox regression analysis were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 160 patients underwent GTR and were included in this study. Of the 121 patients who underwent observation, 32 (26.4%) developed recurrence and required salvage radiation. PFS at 3, 5, and 10 years after observation was 75.1%, 65.6%, and 45.5%, respectively. PFS at 3 and 5 years after salvage radiation was 81.7% and 61.3%, respectively. Of 160 patients, 39 received adjuvant radiation, and 3- and 5-year PFS/RFFS rates were 86.1% and 59.2%, respectively. In patients who underwent observation with salvage radiation, if necessary, the 3-, 5-, and 10-year RFFS rates were 97.7%, 90.3%, and 87.9%, respectively. Both PS and IPTW Cox regression models demonstrated that patients who underwent observation with salvage radiation treatment, if necessary, had significantly longer RFFS (PS model: hazard ratio [HR] 0.21, p < 0.01; IPTW model: HR 0.21, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

In this retrospective, nonrandomized study, adjuvant radiation after GTR of a WHO II meningioma did not add significant benefit over a strategy of observation and salvage radiation at initial recurrence, if necessary, but results must be considered in the context of the limitations of the study design.
Historical and Legal Context and Significance… of Selected Roman Public Law Institutions of the Early Principate Described in Canonical Gospels of the New Testament
Authors: Kubala Maciej Tomasz
Published: October 2021

The article analyses the issues in question by means of a method used in the legal sciences which in the Polish methodology is called “the historical and legal method.” It involves presentation and analysis of selected legal institutions and of their evolution in time. The following issues—identified across the pages of the Gospel—are analysed in this article: political and systemic context of evangelical events (section 1), the role of censuses in the implementation of Roman administrative and systemic principles (section 2), Roman tax law in the context of tax burdens resting on residents of Judea (section 3) and the Roman judicial procedure in the context of the trial of Jesus (section 4). In the summary the author answers the research question asked in the introduction: to what degree does the historical and legal significance of selected institutions of Roman law, inspired by the description of these institutions in canonical gospels of the New Testament, determine the contemporary understanding of the gospels themselves?