bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spinal injury patterns among skiers and snowboarders
Authors: Hubbard Molly E. , Jewell Ryan P. , Dumont Travis M. , Rughani Anand I.
Published: November 2011

Object

Skiing and snowboarding injuries have increased with the popularity of these sports. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are a rare but serious event, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for skiers and snowboarders. The purpose of this study is to characterize the patterns of SCI in skiers and snowboarders.

Methods

The authors queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2000–2008 for all patients admitted with skiing or snowboarding as the mechanism of injury, yielding a total of 8634 patients. The injury patterns were characterized by the ICD-9 diagnostic and procedure codes. The codes were searched for those pertaining to vertebral and skull fracture; spinal cord, chest, abdominal, pelvic, and vessel injuries; and fractures and dislocations of the upper and lower extremity. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Student t-test.

Results

Patients were predominantly male (71%) skiers (61%), with the average age of the skiers being older than that of snowboarders (39.5 vs 23.5 years). The average length of stay for patients suffering from spine trauma was 3.8 days and was increased to 8.9 days in those with SCI. Among hospitalized patients, SCI was seen in 0.98% of individuals and was equally likely to occur in snowboarders and skiers (1.07% vs 0.93%, p < 0.509). Cervical spine trauma was associated with the highest likelihood of SCI (19.6% vs. 10.9% of thoracic and 6% of lumbar injuries, p < 0.0001). Patients who were injured skiing were more likely to sustain a cervical spine injury, whereas those injured snowboarding had higher frequencies of injury to the lumbar spine. The most common injury seen in tandem with spine injury was closed head injury, and it was seen in 13.4% of patients. Conversely, a spine injury was seen in 12.9% of patients with a head injury. Isolated spine fractures were seen in 4.6% of patients.

Conclusions

Skiers and snowboarders evaluated at the hospital are equally likely to sustain spine injuries. Additionally, participants in both sports have an increased incidence of SCI with cervical spine trauma.
Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction
Authors: Dubourg Julie , Messerer Mahmoud
Published: November 2011

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as a cause of hypopituitarism even after mild TBI. Although over the past decade, a growing body of research has detailed neuroendocrine changes induced by TBI, the mechanisms and risk factors responsible for this pituitary dysfunction are still unclear. Around the world, sports—especially combative sports—are very popular. However, sports are not generally considered as a cause of TBI in most epidemiological studies, and the link between sports-related head trauma and hypopituitarism has not been investigated until recently. Thus, there is a paucity of data regarding this important concern. Because of the large number of young sports participants with near-normal life expectancy, the implications of undiagnosed or untreated postconcussion pituitary dysfunction can be dramatic. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors of hypopituitarism caused by sports injuries is thus an important issue that concerns both medical staff and sponsors of sports. The aim of this paper was to summarize the best evidence for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and to discuss the current data and recommendations on sports-related head trauma as a cause of hypopituitarism.
A sacral hydatid cyst mimicking an anterior sacral meningocele
Authors: Hemama Mustapha , Lasseini Ali , Rifi Loubna , Boutarbouch Mahjouba , Derraz Said , Ouahabi Abdessamad El , Khamlichi Abdeslam El
Published: November 2011

Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It is a progressive disease with serious morbidity risks. Sacral hydatid disease is very uncommon, accounting for < 11% of spinal hydatidosis cases. The diagnosis of a sacral hydatid cyst is sometimes difficult because hydatidosis can simulate other cystic pathologies. The authors report on 9-year-old boy admitted to their service with a paraparesis that allowed walking without aid. The boy presented with a 2-year history of an evolving incomplete cauda equina syndrome as well as a soft cystic mass in the abdomen extending from the pelvis. Radiological examination revealed an anterior meningocele. A posterior approach with laminectomy from L-5 to S-3 was performed. Three lesions with classic features of a hydatid cyst were observed and removed. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed histopathologically. Antihelmintic treatment with albendazole (15 mg/kg/day) was included in the postoperative treatment. The patient's condition improved after surgery, and he recovered normal mobility.

The unusual site and presentation of hydatid disease in this patient clearly supports the consideration of spinal hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis for any mass in the body, especially in endemic areas.
Traumatic tiger attack
Authors: Chum Marvin , Ng Wai Pui
Published: November 2011

Attacks on humans by large cats are uncommon occurrences and thus the principles of managing such injuries are not well documented. The authors here report the case of an 11-year-old boy who was mauled by a privately owned tiger. The attack resulted in multiple cranial lacerations and fractures, dissection of the internal carotid artery, and persistent neurological deficits. This case outlines the multiple sources of injury and pathology that can result from such an attack. Discussion is focused on the pattern of injury seen in large feline attacks and the treatment approach.
Sudden onset of Chiari malformation Type I in previously asymptomatic patients
Authors: Massimi Luca , Pepa Giuseppe Maria Della , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Di Rocco Concezio
Published: November 2011

Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is usually suspected in patients with slowly progressing neurological symptoms. However, in some instances, especially if syringomyelia is associated, an abrupt clinical onset is reported and is accompanied by an acknowledged risk of potentially severe clinical signs or even sudden death. Little is known about such a critical course in CM-I/syringomyelia complex.

The authors describe 3 challenging cases of the abrupt onset of CM-I/syringomyelia to reveal more information on the clinical presentation and pathogenetic mechanisms of this sudden and potentially severe clinical phenomenon: a 38-year-old man experienced acute respiratory failure requiring intubation following acute decompensation of hydrocephalus associated with Noonan syndrome, a 1-year-old boy had sudden hemiparesis and Horner syndrome after a minor head/neck injury, and a 2.5-year-old boy presented with quickly progressing tetraplegia and dyspnea after a mild flexion and extension neck injury a few hours before. All 3 patients showed a CM-I/syringomyelia complex at diagnosis, and all of them had a good neurological outcome after surgery despite the ominous clinical presentation.
Craniosynostosis following hemispherectomy in a 2.5-month-old boy with intractable epilepsy
Authors: Jazayeri Mohammad-Ali , Jensen John N. , Lew Sean M.
Published: November 2011

The authors report on the case of a 6-week-old boy who presented with infantile spasms. At 2.5 months of age, the patient underwent a right hemispherectomy. Approximately 3 months postoperatively, the patient presented with left coronal craniosynostosis. Subsequent cranial vault remodeling resulted in satisfactory cosmesis. Four years after surgery, the patient remains seizure free without the need for anticonvulsant medications. The authors believe this to be the first reported case of iatrogenic craniosynostosis due to hemispherectomy, and they describe 2 potential mechanisms for its development. This case suggests that, in the surgical treatment of infants with intractable epilepsy, minimization of brain volume loss through disconnection techniques should be considered, among other factors, when determining the best course of action.
Unreliability of intraoperative estimated blood loss in extended sagittal synostectomies
Authors: Seruya Mitchel , Oh Albert K. , Boyajian Michael J. , Myseros John S. , Yaun Amanda L. , Keating Robert F.
Published: November 2011

Object

Intraoperative blood loss represents a significant concern during open repair of craniosynostosis, and its reliable measurement remains a serious challenge. In this study of extended sagittal synostectomies, the authors analyzed the relationship between estimated blood loss (EBL) and calculated blood loss (CBL), and investigated predictors of hemodynamic outcomes.

Methods

The authors reviewed outcomes in infants with sagittal synostosis who underwent primary extended synostectomies (the so-called Pi procedure) between 1997 and 2009. Patient demographic data, operating time, and mean arterial pressures (MAPs) were recorded. Serial MAPs were averaged for a MAPmean. The EBL was based on anesthesia records, and the CBL on pre- and postoperative hemoglobin values in concert with transfusion volumes. Factors associated with EBL, CBL, red blood cell transfusion (RBCT), and hospital length of stay (LOS) were investigated. Hemodynamic outcomes were reported as percent estimated blood volume (% EBV), and relationships were analyzed using simple and multiple linear and logistic regression models. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Seventy-one infants with sagittal synostosis underwent primary extended synostectomies at a mean age and weight of 4.9 months and 7.3 kg, respectively. The average operating time was 1.4 hours, and intraoperative MAP was 54.6 mm Hg (21.3% lower than preoperative baseline). There was no association between mean EBL (12.7% EBV) and mean CBL (23.6% EBV) (r = 0.059, p = 0.63). The EBL inversely correlated with the patient's age (r = −0.07) and weight (r = −0.11) at surgery (p < 0.05 in both instances). With regard to intraoperative factors, EBL positively trended with operating time (r = 0.26, p = 0.09) and CBL inversely trended with MAPmean (r = −0.04, p = 0.10), although these relationships were only borderline significant. Intraoperative RBCT, which was required in 59.1% of patients, positively correlated with EBL (r = 1.55, p < 0.001), yet negatively trended with CBL (r = −0.40, p = 0.01). Undertransfusion was significantly more common than overtransfusion (40.8% vs 22.5%, p = 0.02, respectively). The mean hospital LOS was 2.3 days and was not significantly associated with patient demographic characteristics, intraoperative factors, blood loss, RBCT, or total fluid requirements.

Conclusions

In extended synostectomies for sagittal synostosis, EBL and CBL demonstrated a decided lack of correlation with one another. Intraoperative blood transfusion positively correlated with EBL, but inversely correlated with CBL, with a significantly higher proportion of patients undertransfused than overtransfused. These findings highlight the need for reliable, real-time monitoring of intraoperative blood loss to provide improved guidance for blood and fluid resuscitation.
Endoscopic fenestrations for suprasellar arachnoid cysts
Authors: Ogiwara Hideki , Morota Nobuhito , Joko Masahiro , Hirota Kengo
Published: November 2011

Object

The endoscopic treatment of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst (SAC) consists mainly of ventriculocystostomy (VC) and ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC). However, the most appropriate treatment for these cysts has not been fully determined yet. The authors report on the effectiveness of endoscopic VC for SACs communicating with the basal cisterns, which is demonstrated by preoperative CT cisternography.

Methods

The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of patients with an SAC treated using endoscopic fenestration. The patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentations, surgical therapies, and clinical outcomes.

Results

Six consecutive patients with SAC were surgically treated using endoscopic fenestration (VC or VCC) between March 2004 and February 2011. The mean age was 18.5 months (range 5 days to 37 months). Five patients were previously untreated, and 1 patient had previously undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Five patients underwent preoperative CT cisternography, and communication between the SAC and the basal cisterns was demonstrated in 3 patients, very slight communication in 1, and no communication in 1. Four patients, including the 3 with communication between the SAC and basal cisterns, underwent VC. Two patients with very slight or no communication underwent VCC. In all patients the SAC decreased in size and hydrocephalus improved postoperatively. Five patients (3 treated with VC and 2 with VCC [83%]) have been stable without reoperation (mean follow-up 32.7 months). All 3 patients with an SAC communicating with the basal cisterns have been stable without reoperation following VC.

Conclusions

Preoperative cisternography may be useful for selecting the optimal endoscopic treatment method for SAC. If an SAC communicates with the basal cisterns, a VC could be an effective, safe, and simpler treatment option.
Minicraniotomy versus bur holes for evacuation of chronic subdural collections in infants—a preliminary single-institution experience
Authors: Klimo Paul , Matthews Anne , Lew Sean M. , Zwienenberg-Lee Marike , Kaufman Bruce A.
Published: November 2011

Object

Various surgical interventions have been described to evacuate chronic subdural collections (CSCs) of infancy. These include transfontanel percutaneous aspiration, subdural drains, placement of bur hole(s) with or without a subdural drain, and shunting. Shunt placement typically provides good long-term success (resolution of the subdural fluid), but comes with well-known early and late complications. Recently, the authors have used a mini–osteoplastic craniotomy technique with the goal of definitively treating these children with a single surgery while avoiding the many issues associated with a shunt. They describe their procedure and compare it with the traditional bur hole technique.

Methods

In this single-institution retrospective study, the authors evaluated 26 cases involving patients who underwent treatment for CSC. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were reviewed, including radiographic findings (density of the subdural fluid and ventricular and subarachnoid space size), neurological examination findings, and intraoperative fluid description. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as the patient requiring any subsequent surgical intervention after the index procedure (minicraniotomy or bur hole placement).

Results

Fifteen patients (10 male and 5 female; median age 5.1 months) collectively underwent 27 minicraniotomy procedures (each procedure representing a hemisphere that was treated). In the bur hole group, there were 11 patients (6 male and 5 female; median age 4.6 months) with 18 hemispheres treated. Both groups had subdural drains placed. The average follow-up for each treatment group was just over 7 months. Treatment failure occurred in 2 patients (13%) in the minicraniotomy group compared with 5 patients (45%) in the bur hole group (p = 0.09). Furthermore, the 2 patients who had treatment failure in the minicraniotomy group required 1 subsequent surgery each, whereas the 5 in the bur hole group needed a total of 9 subsequent surgeries. Eventually, 80% of the patients in the minicraniotomy group and 70% of those in the bur hole group had resolution of the subdural collections on the last imaging study.

Conclusions

The minicraniotomy technique may be a superior technique for the treatment of CSCs in infants compared with bur hole evacuation. The minicraniotomy provides greater visualization of the subdural space and allows more aggressive evacuation of the fluid, better irrigation of the space, the ability to fenestrate any accessible membranes safely, and continued egress of fluid into the subgaleal space. Although this preliminary report has obvious limitations, evaluation of this technique may be worthy of a prospective, multiinstitutional collaborative effort.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in an Iraqi war veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder who committed suicide
Authors: Omalu Bennet , Hammers Jennifer L. , Bailes Julian , Hamilton Ronald L. , Kamboh M. Ilyas , Webster Garrett , Fitzsimmons Robert P.
Published: November 2011

Following his discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in football players in 2002, Dr. Bennet Omalu hypothesized that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans may belong to the CTE spectrum of diseases. The CTE surveillance at the Brain Injury Research Institute was therefore expanded to include deceased military veterans diagnosed with PTSD. The authors report the case of a 27-year-old United States Marine Corps (USMC) Iraqi war veteran, an amphibious assault vehicle crewman, who committed suicide by hanging after two deployments to Fallujah and Ramadi. He experienced combat and was exposed to mortar blasts and improvised explosive device blasts less than 50 m away. Following his second deployment he developed a progressive history of cognitive impairment, impaired memory, behavioral and mood disorders, and alcohol abuse. Neuropsychiatric assessment revealed a diagnosis of PTSD with hyperarousal (irritability and insomnia) and numbing. He committed suicide approximately 8 months after his honorable discharge from the USMC. His brain at autopsy appeared grossly unremarkable except for congestive brain swelling. There was no atrophy or remote focal traumatic brain injury such as contusional necrosis or hemorrhage. Histochemical and immunohistochemical brain tissue analysis revealed CTE changes comprising multifocal, neocortical, and subcortical neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic threads (ranging from none, to sparse, to frequent) with the skip phenomenon, accentuated in the depths of sulci and in the frontal cortex. The subcortical white matter showed mild rarefaction, sparse perivascular and neuropil infiltration by histiocytes, and mild fibrillary astrogliosis. Apolipoprotein E genotype was 3/4. The authors report this case as a sentinel case of CTE in an Iraqi war veteran diagnosed with PTSD to possibly stimulate new lines of thought and research in the possible pathoetiology and pathogenesis of PTSD in military veterans as part of the CTE spectrum of diseases, and as chronic sequelae and outcomes of repetitive traumatic brain injuries.
Zahlungsbereitschaft für Massnahmen zur Förderung der Biodiversität im Wald
Authors: Bade Stephanie , Ott Walter , von Grünigen Stefan
Published: November 2011

Willingness to pay for forest management activities fostering biodiversity

In the course of a Swiss research project, the people's valuation of forest management activities fostering biodiversity was evaluated. To do so, a willingness to pay approach was chosen and a choice experiment (a special kind of opinion survey) was carried out. The results show that people accept a slightly higher tax burden to finance forest management activities which foster biodiversity. However, not all aspects of biodiversity are valued the same: the promotion of genetic diversity within forest tree populations, which is rather important from a biological point of view, was not appreciated at all by the respondents, whereas the promotion of endangered animal and tree species and the promotion of vegetation left in its natural state were rather highly valued. The willingness to pay for the promotion of forest biodiversity amounts to about 40 to 80 Swiss francs per year and household. Projected on the total Swiss population, the willingness to pay adds up to 140 to 270 mio. Swiss francs per year. In the political decision-making process willingness to pay measures for different forest management activities can provide valuable arguments and be an indicator for the feasibility of measures and projects.
Lawinenschutz durch Wälder – Methodik und Resultate einer Zahlungsbereitschafts-analyse
Authors: Olschewski Roland , Bebi Peter , Teich Michaela , Hayek Ulrike Wissen , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne
Published: November 2011

Forest avalanche protection – methods and results of a willingness-to-pay analysis

Forests provide a variety of ecosystem goods and services to society. One of these services, avalanche protection, has the typical characteristics of a public good: non-excludability and non-rivalry. A monetary valuation of this service would be helpful to provide efficient and effective protection to the local population. We present the results of a case study from the Swiss Alps, where we determined the willingness to pay for avalanche protection based on a choice experiment combined with a risk-based evaluation and computer-based visualization techniques. Furthermore, we compare these results with the costs of alternative technical measures for natural hazard mitigation. We conclude that the willingness to pay for avalanche protection is higher than the costs of temporary measures, such as wooden stems and grilles, but lower than more costly long-term solutions like steel bridges or nets. Silvicultural measures to maintain the protection forest are by far the most cost-efficient way to prevent people from avalanches, provided that the forest's vulnerability to heavy storm events can be reduced.
Ökosystemleistungen des Waldes im politischen Kontext: Bedeutung und Argumenttypen
Authors: Moser Tiana , Zimmermann Willi
Published: November 2011

Ecosystem services of forests in the political context: importance and types of arguments

The majority of ecosystem services can be described as public or semi-public goods, whose utilisation does not follow market principles. From the viewpoint of political science it is interesting to analyse how these services are taken into account in political programmes and processes. The present article investigates which ecosystem goods and services of forests have been considered in the Swiss forest policy, and why and in which form some services have been included in political programmes, while others have not. The analysis is based on a theoretical approach that assigns the arguments in the political decision process to specific types. The study shows that of all forest ecosystem services protection services play the most important role in the Swiss forest legislation. Biodiversity and nature conservation are important, too, while services related to recreation and landscape conservation are of minor importance. Concerning political arguments, those related to the long-term role of forestry as part of the overall economy are more important than arguments in favour of a short-term profit maximisation.
Managment of Aplasia cutis congenita - early experience
Authors: Hossain SI , Ibrahim FB , Islam MMT , Khondoker MS
Published: November 2011

Background of the study: Aplasia cutis congenita refers to a heterogenous group of disorders in which  localized areas of skin are absent or scarred at birth. No definite etiology is available in literature. Strong genetic  predisposition is suspected.   Objectives: To overview observed cases and study the rare congenital anomaly.   Methods: Total 4 cases that reported in the department of plastic surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital included in the study. All the necessary data plotted and analyzed for purpose.   Results: None of the patients had positive family history. No parents had history of consanguinity of marriage. None of them had history teratogen exposure or taking drug during pregnancy. No positive history of maternal smoking or alcohol consumption noted. Both legs were most frequently involved 3 cases. Followed by scalp and hand. All the patients were advised for regular follow up. 1 patient died at the age of 30 days in home and lost follow up. Other patients improved after regular dressings DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v1i2.8801 BDJPS 2010; 1(2): 20-22
Peste des petits ruminants virus infection of goats in Bangladesh: Pathological investigation, molecular detection and isolation of the virus
Authors: Rahman MA , Shadmin I , Noor M , Parvin R , Chowdhury EH , Islam MR
Published: November 2011

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an economically important morbillivirus infection of sheep and goats, is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and western and southern Asia including Bangladesh.  A small flock of Black Bengal goats contracted PPR following introduction of new animals. A pathological investigation was conducted on the outbreak, the viral RNA corresponding to F gene was detected by RT-PCR and the virus was isolated in Vero cells. Out of 37 goats 19 (51%) developed clinnical disease, of which 5 (13.5%) died. Goats under one year of age had highest morbidity and mortality with typical signs and lesions of PPR. Viral RNA should be detected in mesenteric and bronchial lymph node tissues. Typical cytopathic effects (CPE) in Vero cells following inoculation of lymph node tissue homogenate were visible at the third passage. However, the replication of virus in cel culture was detected by RT-PCR at the first and second passage in the absence of visible CPE. RT-PCR appears to be a very useful and sensitive tool not only for the detection of PPR virus in clinical samples but also for monitoring the growth or virus in cell culture following inoculation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8808 Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 1–7
Prevalence of Salmonella infection in naturally infected layer of birds in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MR , Shahinuzzaman ABM , Saha AK , Sufian MA , Rahman MH , Hossain MM
Published: November 2011

The seroprevalence, cultural prevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in chickens of selected layer farms of Birgonj Upazila (Sub-district), Dinajpur were determined. A total of 175 blood samples were tested randomly by locally prepared Salmonella coloured antigen for seroprevalence study. Out of 96 cloacal swabs, 80 samples from live birds (36 from seropositive and 44 from seronegative) and 16 samples from dead birds were collected to determine the cultural prevalence of Salmonella organisms. Postmortem examination was done in 16 dead birds. Using whole blood agglutination test (WBA) with locally prepared Salmonella Pullorum coloured antigen, the overall seropositive prevalence was 46.2%. The seroprevalence decreased with age of birds. The cultural prevalence in seropositive was 33.3% and in seronegative 22.7%. In dead birds, the cultural prevalence using cloacal swab was 25%. A total 26 Salmonella were isolated, 27% Salmonella Pullorum, 58% Salmonella Gallinarum and 15% paratyphoid group of Salmonella. Isolation rate of Salmonella from cloacal swabs was significantly higher in seropositive than seronegative group. Grossly, the livers were friable, with bronze discolouration and necrotic foci, there was severe congestion in the lung, congested haemorrhagic egg follicles with stalk formation and enlarged discoloured spleen. Microscopically, there was focal necrosis and degeneration with leukocytic infiltration in liver, congestion and pneumonic lesions in the lung and various degrees of catarrhal to haemorrhagic enteritis in the intestine. In the egg follicles, congestion and haemorrhage with leukocytic infiltration and enlarged spleen with white necrotic foci were detected. In future, isolated Salmonella organisms may be used for vaccine production, serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity test. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8809   Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 8-18
Collection grading and evaluation of cumulus-oocyte-complexes for in vitro maturation in sheep
Authors: Talukder MNS , Iqbal A , Khandoker MAMY , Alam MZ
Published: November 2011

An alternative to superovulation is in-vitro production (IVP) of embryos where the efficient collection and grading of oocytes is important. Ovaries from an abattoir were collected and categorized as type I with no corpus luteum (CL), and type II with CL. The length, width and weight of type I and type II ovary were 1.4 ± 0.03 and 1.5 ± 0.08 cm; 0.8 ± 0.04 and 1.0 ± 0.07 cm; 0.6 ± 0.07 and 0.7 ± 0.04 gm, respectively, each significantly (P<0.05) higher in type II ovaries. A total of 80 and 78 follicles were observed and 60 and 61 follicles aspirated from left and right ovaries, respectively, from each of 25 ovaries. Out of 133 follicles 100 were aspirated from 40 type-I ovaries, and 21 aspirated from 10 type-II ovaries. The differences in the number of normal, abnormal and total cumulus-oocytecomplex (COCs) per ovary between left and right ovaries were not significant (P>0.05). The number of normal (1.9 ± 0.11) and total (2.5 ± 0.14) COCs per ovary were significantly (P<0.05) higher in ovaries without than in those with CL (1.2 ± 0.36 and 2.0 ± 0.30, respectively). But the number (0.80 ± 0.13) of abnormal COCs per ovary was significantly (P<0.05) higher in ovaries with CL than in those without (0.7 ± 0.09). Significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage of COCs expansion was grade A (6.9 ± 2.05) than grade B (53.1 ± 1.27) COCs. It is suggested that type I (without CL) ovaries and follicles of 2-6 mm diameter are suitable to collect good quality COCs for in-vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the culture condition for IVM of sheep COCs are reported. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8811   Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 31-38
Estimation of heritability for growth traits of Red Chittagong cattle in a nucleus herd
Authors: Afroz MA , Hoque MA , Bhuiyan AKFH
Published: November 2011

The present study was undertaken to estimate the heritability for growth traits in a nucleus herd of Red Chittagong cattle (RCC) using data from 2005 to 2010. The traits considered were birth weight, weight at three-month intervals from birth to 24 months, and pre-weaning and post-weaning growth rate. The mean pooled weight (mean ± se) of 127 RCC calves from birth to 24 months at three month intervals were 14.7 ± 0.2, 29.3 ± 6.1, 42.6 ± 9.2, 55.0 ± 12.4, 66.2 ± 15.5, 74.5 ± 16.0, 86.1 ± 23.5, 98.8 ± 24.8 and 111.6 ± 25.2 kg, respectively. The pre- and post-weaning growth rates were 148.5 ± 45.0 and 116.6 ± 56.5 g/day, respectively. The pre-weaning growth rate was significantly (P<0.01) higher than post-weaning. For the estimation of heritability single trait animal models under Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) analyses were done considering sex, parity, season and year of birth as fixed effect and animal’s additive genetic as random effect. Estimates of heritability for weight at birth, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 month of age were 0.48 ± 0.04, 0.49 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.08, 0.47 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.08, 0.50 ± 0.33, 0.44 ± 0.14, 0.50 ± 0.11 and 0.50 ± 0.15, respectively. Heritability estimates for pre- and post-weaning growth rate were 0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.49 ± 0.17, respectively. This moderately high heritability of growth of RCC suggests that RCC selected for growth up to 24 months of age would show a quick response. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8812 Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 39-46
Prevalence of Genarchopsis dasus (Digenea: Hemiuridae) in Channa punctatus of Mymensingh
Authors: Chandra KJ , Hasan M , Basak SS
Published: November 2011

An investigation was made on prevalence of the parasite Genarchopsis dasus in the fish Channa punctatus of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to determine the infestation and seasonal variation. The experiment was carried out from December 2009 to November 2010. A total of 379 parasites were collected from 235 host fish. The prevalence of G. dasus was higher in July and lower in September and October. The highest prevalence (83.3%) was in rainy July and lower in September and October. The highest prevalence (83.3%) was in rainy season and the lowest (45.5%) in autumn. The highest intensity of G. dasus was in July and the lowest in December, and the highest and lowest intensity was in rainy and winter seasons, respectively. The prevalence was highest in intermediate length fish (67.0%), where the lowest (54.9%) was in small fish. Intensity was highest in intermediate length fish. The higher prevalence (90%) and intensity (4.3) was in female during rainy season. The lower prevalence (32%) and mean intensity (1.1) was in male during autumn. The highest ratio of mature: immature was in summer (30 : 37), the highest percentage of mature worms was in summer and the highest proportion of immature worms in autumn. The stomach contained most worms (72.8%) and the lowest proportion (6.6%) was in anterior portion of intestine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8813   Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 47-54
Lord Seaforth: Highland Proprietor, Caribbean Governor and Slave Owner
Authors: McKichan Finlay
Published: November 2011

Historians have recently investigated the inter-relationship between Scotland and various parts of the British Empire. Francis Humberston Mackenzie of Seaforth (1754–1815) was a Highland proprietor in what has become known as ‘The First Phase of Clearance’, was governor of Barbados (1801–6) in the sensitive period immediately before the abolition of the British slave trade and was himself a plantation owner in Berbice (Guiana). He overcame his profound deafness to become an energetic public figure. The article compares his attitudes and actions to establish how far there was a consistency of approach in each of his capacities. It is suggested that his concern for his Highland small tenants was paralleled by his ambition in Barbados to make the killing of a slave by a white a capital offence, by his attempts to give free coloureds the right to testify against whites and by his aim to provide good conditions for his own enslaved labourers in Berbice. It is argued that he had a conservative world view which led him to support slavery and the slave trade (for which he can be criticised), but which also gave him a concern for the welfare of people for whom he felt responsible. The balance between humanitarianism and more pragmatic considerations in his decision-making is considered. Another parallel between the Highlands, Barbados and Berbice is that his good intentions were often of short-term or limited advantage to the intended beneficiaries. The reasons for this are investigated. A comparison is also made between Seaforth's authority and influence as a Highland proprietor and the restrictions and the frustrations he experienced as an active Caribbean governor.
Four Hundred Years of Freemasonry in Scotland
Authors: Stevenson David
Published: November 2011

Scotland has the oldest masonic lodges and the oldest masonic records in the world, predating their English counterparts by over a century. Yet freemasonry is usually neglected by social and cultural historians, partly, it may be, through ignorance and negative stereotypes of the movement and partly through the excessive secrecy of freemasons in the past. It is the purpose of this paper to survey the movement's development and indicate the many aspects of ‘the Craft’ that could prove rich subjects for research. Scottish lodges began as organisations of stonemasons but, at first slowly, began to admit men from other crafts and men of higher social status. This process accelerated fast after the foundation of a Grand Lodge in London in 1717: freemasonry became fashionable. But though many lodges came to be dominated by men of high status, many others remained – and remain – skilled working class in membership.
Edward Garnett: Interpreting the Russians
Authors: Smith Helen
Published: November 2011

Constance Garnett has become justly celebrated for her translations from the Russian which brought the work of nineteenth century Russian novelists to prominence in Great Britain. This essay argues that her husband Edward Garnett played an equally important part in ‘interpreting’ the Russians. In his reviews, articles, and books Garnett sought to teach the British public how to read literature that many initially found baffling; through his work as a publisher's reader Garnett pressed the Russian example upon his protégés in an effort to revivify the British novel.
‘Bergsonian Poetics’ and the Beast: Jane Harrison's Translations from the Russian
Authors: Smith Marilyn Schwinn
Published: November 2011

This paper traces Jane Harrison's study of Russian language, literature and culture to the shift in her understanding of primitive religion, from her adumbration of the theories Henri Bergson and Emile Durkheim in Themis (1912) to the translation of Aleksei Remizov's Russian animal tales in The Book of the Bear (1926). Formulated during the Great War, Harrison's theory regarding consciousness, language, and totemism postulated Russia as an antidote to the excesses of rationalism (often associated, in her writings, with Germany).
Untranslated and Untranslatable? Pushkin's Poetry in English, 1892–1931
Authors: Bullock Philip Ross
Published: November 2011

Although Pushkin is widely regarded as Russia's finest poet and the origin of the modern Russian literary tradition, his works were less frequently translated into English than other major authors. This article traces a reluctance to translate Pushkin to two phenomena: the perception that poetry was untranslatable; and the difficulty of understanding Pushkin within a context dominated by realist prose. It then considers a number of important translations, noting that they were frequently embedded within a discussion of translation theory that itself challenged the myth of transparent translation then dominant in British literary culture. It also argues that alongside literary translation, music played a central role in the reception of Pushkin in Britain.
Classes of N-Dimensional Nonlinear Fokker-Planck Equations Associated to Tsallis Entropy
Authors: Ribeiro Mauricio S. , Nobre Fernando D. , Curado Evaldo M. F.
Published: November 2011

Several previous results valid for one-dimensional nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations are generalized to N-dimensions. A general nonlinear N-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation is derived directly from a master equation, by considering nonlinearitiesin the transition rates. Using nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations, the H-theorem is proved;for that, an important relation involving these equations and general entropic forms is introduced. It is shown that due to this relation, classes of nonlinear N-dimensional Fokker-Planck equations are connected to a single entropic form. A particular emphasis is given to the class of equations associated to Tsallis entropy, in both cases of the standard, and generalized definitions for the internal energy.
Pyrazinecarboxamides as Potential Elicitors of Flavonolignan and Flavonoid Production in Silybum marianum and Ononis arvensis Cultures In Vitro
Authors: Tumova Lenka , Tuma Jiri , Dolezal Martin
Published: November 2011

The effect of new synthetic pyrazinecarboxamide derivatives as potential elicitors of flavonolignan and flavonoid production in Silybum marianum and Ononis arvensis cultures in vitro was investigated. Both tested elicitors increased the production of flavonolignans in S. marianum callus and suspension cultures and flavonoids in O. arvensis callus and suspension cultures. Compound I, 5-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-pyrazine-2-carboxamide, has shown to be an effective elicitor of flavonolignans and taxifoline production in Silybum marianum culture in vitro. The maximum content of silydianin (0.11%) in S. marianum suspension culture was induced by 24 h elicitor application in concentration of 1.159 × 10−3 mol/L. The maximum content of silymarin complex (0.08%) in callus culture of S. marianum was induced by 168 h elicitor application of a concentration 1.159 × 10−4 mol/L, which represents contents of silydianin (0.03%), silychristin (0.01%) and isosilybin A (0.04%) compared with control. All three tested concentrations of compound II, N-(2-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-5-tert-butylpyrazin-2-carboxamide increased the flavonoid production in callus culture of O. arvensis in a statistically significant way. The best elicitation effect of all elicitor concentrations had the weakest c3 concentration (8.36 × 10−6 mol/L) after 168 h time of duration. The maximum content of flavonoids (about 5,900%) in suspension culture of O. arvensis was induced by 48 h application of c3 concentration (8.36 × 10−6 mol/L).
How young trees cope with removal of whole or parts of shoots: An analysis of local and distant responses to pruning in 1‐year‐old apple (Malus ×domestica; Rosaceae) trees
Authors: Fumey Damien , Lauri Pierre‐Éric , Guédon Yann , Godin Christophe , Costes Evelyne
Published: November 2011

• Premise of study: Manipulation of tree architecture by pruning provides an experimental context to analyze architectural plasticity resulting from competition between developing organs. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of the removal of all or part of shoots through pruning on the redistribution of growth and flowering at spatial and temporal levels.

• Methods: Two types of pruning cuts were applied: (1) heading cuts of either the main stem or laterals and (2) thinning cuts (i.e., complete removal) of laterals. These two types of cuts were applied in summer and winter on 1‐yr‐old cultivars of Fuji and Braeburn apple trees. Tree topology and geometry were described over 3 years, and responses were analyzed for both local and distant scales.

• Results: Heading cuts induced quasi‐deterministic local responses on pruned axes, whereas responses to thinning cuts were more variable. For the main stem and laterals, responses over greater spatial and temporal scales were highlighted with (1) stronger growth the year after summer pruning and (2) modification of branching and flowering along the unpruned parts after winter pruning.

• Conclusions: Pruning typically induced growth redistribution toward traumatic reiterations and enhanced growth of the remaining unpruned axes with a concomitant decrease of flowering and cambial growth. Although results could be interpreted in relation to the root–shoot balance, tree responses appeared highly cultivar‐specific.
Development of microsatellite markers in Actinidia arguta (Actinidiaceae) based on the NCBI data platform
Authors: Man Yuping , Wang Yanchang , Zhang Lei , Li Zuozhou , Qin Rui , Jiang Zhengwang , Sun Xiaorong , Liu Changjiang
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: Expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived microsatellite markers in Actinidia arguta were developed for genotyping and genetic mapping.

• Methods and Results: One hundred and fifty EST–simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) A. chinensis database using SSR Hunter 1.3. With the other 20 reported primers, 170 primer pairs were screened using 16 samples. A total of 72 primers pairs were successively developed for A. arguta. Fifteen of the developed markers were characterized in A. arguta populations from Changbai Mountain and Daba Mountain. The mean number of alleles per locus in the Changbai and Daba populations was 5.133 and 4.133, respectively.

• Conclusions: Development of Actinidia ESTs from the NCBI database is an effective method of obtaining SSR markers for A. arguta. These markers will be useful for genome mapping and molecular breeding in A. arguta.
TESTING THE EFFECT OF UNDERMINING ON POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF THE DIGITAL TECHNICAL MAP OF OSTRAVA IN THE PŘÍVOZ CADASTRAL DISTRICT / PŘÍVOZ KADASTRINIO RAJONO ĮTAKOS OSTRAVOS SKAITMENINIO TECHNINIO ŽEMĖLAPIO POZICINIAM TIKSLUMUI PADARINIŲ TYRIMAS / АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗРУШАЮЩИХ СИЛ НА ПОЗИЦИОННУЮ ТОЧНОСТЬ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ КАРТЫ Г. ОСТРАВА В КАДАСТРОВОМ РАЙОНЕ ПРИВОЗ
Authors: Mikoláš Milan , Žváček Jiří , Vaněk Michal , Donocik Roman , Zápalková Petra , Sotorník Václav
Published: November 2011

Intensive underground exploitation took place in the area of the Ostrava corporate town in recent past. After the coal mining was shut down in 1994 gradual subsidence in the town area has slowed down, however, establishing of the Digital Technical Map of Ostrava (DTMMO) dates back to 1992. When working a seam the original geostatic and tectonic stress state in the surrounding rock mass changes, which is accompanied by rock transformation and displacement from the roof towards the stope. Undermining is manifested in landscape morphology in many different ways that we can divide to continuous and discontinuous deformations. Residual mining effects could therefore have impacted positional accuracy of DTMMO in the last 18 years. The Bohumín 8-9/43 topographic sheet was selected for testing purposes in the Přívoz cadastral district.

Santrauka

Netolimoje praeityje Ostravos, miesto Čekijos rytuose, savivaldybėje buvo intensyviai eksploatuojama žemė. Nustojus užsiiminėti angliakasyba, nuo 1994-ųjų, palaipsnis žemės smukimas miesto vietovėse sulėtėjo. Skaitmeninis techninis Ostravos žemėlapis (DTMMO) sukurtas dar 1992 metais. Vykstant darbams žemės tarpsluoksnyje pirminis geostatinis ir tektoninis slėgis aplinkinėje uolienų masėje keitėsi, ir tai lėmė uolienų transformaciją ir slinktį. Kraštovaizdžio morfologijoje žala pasireiškia įvairiais būdais. Skiriama nenutrūkstamoji ir nutrūkstamoji deformacijos. Liekamasis kasybos poveikis per pstaruosius 18 metų galėjo paveikti pozicinį DTMMO tikslumą. Tiriant Přívoz kadastrinį rajoną, pasirinkta Bohumín 8-9/43 topografinio žemėlapio lapas.

Резюме

В недавнем прошлом в районе корпоративного г. Острава интенсивно эксплуатировались нижние слои грунта. После прекращения добычи угля в 1994 г. постепенное оседание поверхности города замедлилось. Созданная цифровая техническая карта г. Остравы (DTMMO) восходит к 1992 г. При работе с пластом возникающее исходное геостатическое и тектоническое возбуждение приводит к изменениям в окружающих пласт горных массивах, которые сопровождаются преобразованием пород и перемещениями в направлении забоя. Разрушение проявляется в морфологии ландшафта в самых разных формах, которые можно подразделить на непрерывные и разрывные деформации. Поэтому остаточные явления горных разработок могут оказывать влияние на позиционную точность DTMMO за последние 18 лет. Для анализа была выбрана топографическая плита Богумин 8-9/43 в кадастровом районе Привоз.