bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the School Setting During the Summer Holidays: Mixed‐Methods Evaluation of Food and Fun Clubs in Wales
Authors: Morgan Kelly , McConnon Linda , Van Godwin Jordan , Hawkins Jemma , Bond Amy , Fletcher Adam
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

School summer holiday clubs in deprived areas of Wales were evaluated to examine opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity and explore delivery processes.

METHODS

Ten Food and Fun clubs participated in 2016. Quantitative data (child and parent surveys; N = 196, N = 84) assessed the opportunity to provide children with breakfast and lunch. A sub‐sample of children wore an accelerometer (N = 41) to evaluate the opportunity for achieving 1‐hour of moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) at club. Features of successful club delivery were identified through; focus groups (child and parent; N = 74, N = 69) and interviews (staff/volunteer; N = 32).

RESULTS

Opportunities for healthy eating were delivered with high fidelity: 86% of children reported breakfast consumption and 75% eating a healthy lunch. On club days, children reported consuming fewer sugary snacks (66%), fewer sugary drinks (81%), and more fruits and vegetables (67%). About 71% of children achieved the recommended MVPA at club, with children engaging in more MVPA (+17 minutes/day, p < .01) on average compared to non‐club days. Successful delivery processes were: use of school facilities and staff; flexible partnership‐working; and whole family involvement.

CONCLUSIONS

Schools appear to provide a suitable setting for the delivery of healthy eating and physical activity opportunities during school summer holidays.
The effect of melatonin on endothelial dysfunction in patients after acute coronary syndrome: The MEFACS randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zahid Jawad Ahmad , Isbrand Anders , Kleif Jakob , Schou‐Pedersen Anne‐Marie Voigt , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Madsen Michael Tvilling , Gögenur Ismail
Published: July 2019

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) precedes acute coronary syndrome. Oxidative stress results in ED but is reversible. Melatonin is aside from being a circadian hormone, also an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 25 mg melatonin administered for twelve weeks following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could improve ED. In this placebo‐controlled randomized trial, ED was measured as reactive hyperemia index (RHI) at baseline, day 14, and day 84. The effect was assessed using a generalized estimating equation adjusted for the baseline RHI. As secondary outcome, the concentrations of three biomarkers were measured: l‐arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and uric acid. Thirty‐one patients were included in the study. The intention‐to‐treat analysis of the primary outcome had 26 patients due to missing data. The estimated marginal mean difference in RHI at day 14 and day 84 between the groups was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.29‐0.01, P = .039) in favor of the placebo group. No significant differences in the biomarker concentrations were found. Melatonin treatment after ACS did not improve but may have aggravated ED. The significant difference between groups was in favor of placebo, but this might be due to the effect of missing data or uneven distribution of comorbidities.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and transdermal flunixin meglumine in alpacas
Authors: Reppert Emily J. , Kleinhenz Michael D. , Montgomery Shawnee R. , Heiman Jared , Sura Amanda , Bornheim Heather N. , Magnin Geraldine , Sidhu Pritam K. , Zhang Yuntao , Joo Hyun , Coetzee Johann F.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) synthesis inhibiting effects of intravenous (IV) and transdermal (TD) flunixin meglumine in eight, adult, female, Huacaya alpacas. A dose of 2.2 mg/kg administered IV and 3.3 mg/kg administered TD using a cross‐over design. Plasma flunixin concentrations were measured by LC‐MS/MS. Prostaglandin E2concentrations were determined using a commercially available ELISA. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods. Plasma PGE2concentrations decreased after IV flunixin meglumine administration but there was minimal change after TD application. Meant1/2λz after IV administration was 4.531 hr (range 3.355 to 5.571 hr) resulting from a mean Vz of 570.6 ml/kg (range, 387.3 to 1,142 ml/kg) and plasma clearance of 87.26 ml kg−1 hr−1(range, 55.45–179.3 ml kg−1 hr−1). The meanCmax,Tmaxandt1/2λz for flunixin following TD administration were 106.4 ng/ml (range, 56.98 to 168.6 ng/ml), 13.57 hr (range, 6.000–34.00 hr) and 24.06 hr (18.63 to 39.5 hr), respectively. The mean bioavailability for TD flunixin was calculated as 25.05%. The mean 80% inhibitory concentration (IC80) of PGE2by flunixin meglumine was 0.23 µg/ml (range, 0.01 to 1.38 µg/ml). Poor bioavailability and poor suppression of PGE2identified in this study indicate that TD flunixin meglumine administered at 3.3 mg/kg is not recommended for use in alpacas.
The evolution of cultural gadgets
Authors: Dor Daniel , Ginsburg Simona , Jablonka Eva
Published: July 2019

Heyes argues that human metacognitive strategies (“cognitive gadgets” or “mills”) are the products of cultural evolution based on domain‐general cognition with few simple biases. Although like Heyes, we believe that the evolution of domain‐general cognitive processes played a crucial role in the evolution of human cognition, we argue that Heyes' distinction between mills and grist is too sharp, that associative learning evolved gradually to become more complex and hierarchical, something that is not captured by the system 1/system 2 distinction, and that human cognitive plasticity required the genetic accommodation of gadget‐specific processes that led to more plasticity‐enhancing human‐specific biases.
Cognitive instincts versus cognitive gadgets: A fallacy
Authors: Roige Aida , Carruthers Peter
Published: July 2019

The main thesis of Heyes' book is that all of the domain‐specific learning mechanisms that make the human mind so different from the minds of other animals are culturally created and culturally acquired gadgets. The only innate differences are some motivational tweaks, enhanced capacities for associative learning, and enhanced executive function abilities. But Heyes' argument depends on contrasting cognitive gadgets with cognitive instincts, which are said to be innately specified. This ignores what has for some years been the mainstream nativist/anti‐empiricist view, which commits only to partially specified learning systems that become elaborated and built through domain‐specific learning.
Induced expression of the Fragaria × ananassa Rapid alkalinization factor‐33‐like gene decreases anthracnose ontogenic resistance of unripe strawberry fruit stages
Authors: Merino Maria Cecilia , Guidarelli Michela , Negrini Francesca , De Biase Dario , Pession Annalisa , Baraldi Elena
Published: July 2019

Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) genes encode for ubiquitous small peptides that stimulate apoplastic alkalinization through interaction with malectin‐like receptor kinase. RALF peptides may act as negative regulators of plant immune response, inhibiting the formation of the signal receptor complex for immune activation. Recently RALF homologues were identified in different fungal pathogen genomes contributing to host infection ability. Here, FaRALF‐33‐like gene expression was evaluated in strawberry fruits inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, or Penicillium expansum after 24 and 48 h post‐infection. To investigate the role of FaRALF‐33‐like in strawberry susceptibility, transient transformation was used to overexpress it in white unripe fruits and silence it in red ripe fruits. Agroinfiltrated fruits were inoculated with C. acutatum and expression, and histological analysis of infection were performed. Silencing of FaRALF‐33‐like expression in C. acutatum‐inoculated red fruits led to a delay in fruit colonization by the fungal pathogen, and infected tissues showed less penetrated infective hyphae than in wild‐type fruits. In contrast, C. acutatum‐inoculated white unripe fruits overexpressing the FaRALF‐33‐like gene decreased the ontogenic resistance of these fruits, leading to the appearance of disease symptoms and penetrated subcuticular hyphae, normally absent in white unripe fruits. The different response of transfected strawberry fruits to C. acutatum supports the hypothesis that the FaRALF‐33‐like gene plays an important role in the susceptibility of fruits to the fungal pathogen C. acutatum.
Low capacity to oxidize fat and body weight
Authors: Péronnet François , Haman François
Published: July 2019

For a given positive energy balance, a low capacity to oxidize fat could contribute to weight gain (low fat oxidation hypothesis). This hypothesis is based on the arguments that for a given stable diet and food quotient (FQ), the respiratory quotient (RQ) is higher in obesity prone (OP) than in obesity resistant individuals (OR) and that a high RQ predicts higher future weight gain. A review of 42 studies shows that there is no convincing experimental support to these arguments and thus for the low fat oxidation hypothesis. A power analysis also shows that this hypothesis might be impossible to experimentally confirm because very large numbers of subjects would be needed to reject the null hypotheses that the 24‐h RQ is not different in OP and OR or that future weight gain is not different in individuals with a low and high 24‐h RQ at baseline. A re‐examination of the significance of the 24‐hour and fasting RQ also shows that the assumption underlying the low fat oxidation hypothesis that a high RQ reflects a low capacity to oxidize fat is not valid: For a stable diet, the 24‐h RQ entirely depends on FQ and energy balance, and the fasting RQ mainly depends on the FQ and energy balance and on the size of glycogen stores.
Cognitive training on eating behaviour and weight loss: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Yang Yingkai , Shields Grant S. , Wu Qian , Liu Yanling , Chen Hong , Guo Cheng
Published: July 2019

Cognitive deficits play a role in the development and maintenance of overeating and obesity, and cognitive training in obesity refers to a family of interventions aimed at reducing overeating and obesity by improving these cognitive deficits. In this review, we synthesize the current literature on these issues by conducting a meta‐analysis of studies investigating the effects of cognitive trainings on eating behaviour and presenting a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of cognitive trainings on weight loss. We examined 66 independent experiments that examined the effects of cognitive training aimed at reducing cognitive bias or improving executive control on eating behaviour and weight loss. Overall, inhibition training, attention bias modification training, and episodic future thinking training significantly influenced eating behaviour; however, approach/avoidance training did not significantly influence eating behaviour. Moderator analyses indicated that the effect of inhibition training on eating behaviour was moderated by training task and food novelty, the effect of approach/avoidance training was moderated by food type, and the effect of episodic future thinking training was moderated by type of episodic future thinking. Literature reviewed on cognitive training and weight loss provided preliminary support for the effects of food‐specific inhibition training on weight loss from pre‐intervention to post intervention. However, because most of the included studies focused on short‐term outcomes in normal‐weight samples, longer duration studies in clinical populations (eg, individuals with obesity) are needed to examine the generalizability of these results.
Transvenous retrograde reposition of an atrial lead
Authors: Ekizler Firdevs Aysenur , Cay Serkan , Ozeke Ozcan , Ozcan Firat , Aras Dursun , Topaloglu Serkan
Published: July 2019

Pacemaker lead dislodgement is one of the most undesired complications of pacemaker implantation. Repeated procedures are associated with an increased risk of complications, such as pocket infection, pneumothorax, and hematoma. We present a case who experienced dislodgement of the atrial pacemaker lead of a cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator implantation device, which was corrected using a steerable ablation catheter by the transfemoral route
Comparison of standard vs modified “figure‐of‐eight” suture to achieve femoral venous hemostasis after cryoballoon based atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Yorgun Hikmet , Canpolat Uğur , Ates Ahmet Hakan , Oksul Metin , Sener Yusuf Ziya , Akkaya Fatih , Aytemir Kudret
Published: July 2019

Background

Immediate hemostasis following removal of sheaths is essential to prevent access site complications after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Despite various precautions to achieve complete hemostasis in a safe and effective manner, no standard approach is present yet.

Objective

We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of standard vs modified figure‐of‐eight (sFoE vs mFoE) suture for immediate venous hemostasis after cryoballoon (CB) AF ablation.

Methods

A total of 150 patients who underwent CB catheter ablation were sequentially allocated to either sFoE (n = 75) or mFoE (n = 75) suture to achieve immediate venous hemostasis at right femoral access site after 15 Fr sheath removal. A “three‐way stopcock” was used in the mFoE group rather than tying the knot as in a sFoE group. Demographics, clinical and procedural data, and access site complications were recorded.

Results

Immediate haemostasis was achieved in all patients (n = 75) with mFoE suture as compared to 90.7% (n = 68) of sFoE suture group (P < .001). Light manual pressure of ≤1 min was required in five patients (6.7%) due to looseness and conventional manual compression because of the snapped silk suture during knotting was required in two patients (2.6%) in the sFoE group. Time to hemostasis was shorter in the mFoE group (P < .001), but time to ambulation and time to discharge were similar in both groups (P > .05). Although no minor or major access site complication has occurred in the mFoE group, in‐hospital rebleeding (n = 2, 2.7%) and early local access site infection (n = 2, 2.7%) were observed in the sFoE group.

Conclusion

The mFoE suture using three‐way stopcock is an available, effective, maybe safe, and time‐ and cost‐saving alternative technique to achieve immediate hemostasis after removal of 15 Fr right femoral venous sheath in patients undergoing cryoablation.
Beneficial microbes going underground of root immunity
Authors: Yu Ke , Pieterse Corné M.J. , Bakker Peter A.H.M. , Berendsen Roeland L.
Published: July 2019

Plant roots interact with an enormous diversity of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes, which poses a big challenge to roots to distinguish beneficial microbes from harmful ones. Plants can effectively ward off pathogens following immune recognition of conserved microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, such immune elicitors are essentially not different from those of neutral and beneficial microbes that are abundantly present in the root microbiome. Recent studies indicate that the plant immune system plays an active role in influencing rhizosphere microbiome composition. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that root‐invading beneficial microbes, including rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza, evade or suppress host immunity to establish a mutualistic relationship with their host. Evidence is accumulating that many free‐living rhizosphere microbiota members can suppress root immune responses, highlighting root immune suppression as an important function of the root microbiome. Thus, the gate keeping functions of the plant immune system are not restricted to warding off root‐invading pathogens but also extend to rhizosphere microbiota, likely to promote colonization by beneficial microbes and prevent growth‐defense tradeoffs triggered by the MAMP‐rich rhizosphere environment.
Effects of native language experience on Mandarin lexical tone processing in proficient second language learners
Authors: Yu Keke , Li Li , Chen Yuan , Zhou Yacong , Wang Ruiming , Zhang Yang , Li Ping
Published: July 2019

Learning the acoustic and phonological information in lexical tones is significant for learners of tonal languages. Although there is a wealth of knowledge from studies of second language (L2) tone learning, it remains unclear how L2 learners process acoustic versus phonological information differently depending on whether their first language (L1) is a tonal language. In the present study, we first examined proficient L2 learners of Mandarin with tonal and nontonal L1 in a behavioral experiment (identifying a Mandarin tonal continuum) to construct tonal contrasts that could differentiate the phonological from the acoustic information in Mandarin lexical tones for the L2 learners. We then conducted an ERP experiment to investigate these learners’ automatic processing of acoustic and phonological information in Mandarin lexical tones by mismatch negativity (MMN). Although both groups of L2 learners showed similar behavioral identification features for the Mandarin tonal continuum as native speakers, L2 learners with nontonal L1, as compared with both native speakers and L2 learners with tonal L1, showed longer reaction time to the tokens of the Mandarin tonal continuum. More importantly, the MMN data further revealed distinct roles of acoustic and phonological information on the automatic processing of L2 lexical tones between the two groups of L2 learners. Taken together, the results indicate that the processing of acoustic and phonological information in L2 lexical tones may be modulated by L1 experience with a tonal language. The theoretical implications of the current study are discussed in light of models of L2 speech learning.
Entrepreneurship in the Policy Process: Linking Behavior and Context through a Systematic Review of the Policy Entrepreneurship Literature
Authors: Frisch‐Aviram Neomi , Beeri Itai , Cohen Nissim
Published: July 2019

How do different policy environments influence the choice of policy entrepreneurship (PE) strategies? Using data collected from a systematic review of the PE literature, the authors identify subcomponents of the three streams of the policy process and empirically test the relationship between dominance of each stream and PE strategies. Findings show that when the political and policy streams dominate, policy entrepreneurs focus on policy formation and policy implementation strategies and not on problem identification and policy evaluation strategies. Surprisingly, there is no correlation between dominance of the problem stream and PE strategies. This should lead to the normative claim that PE is not necessarily a positive phenomenon. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
What a Difference a Grade Makes: Evidence from New York City's Restaurant Grading Policy
Authors: Rothbart Michah W. , Schwartz Amy Ellen , Calabrese Thad D. , Papper Zachary , Mijanovich Todor , Meltzer Rachel , Silver Diana
Published: July 2019

Can governments use grades to induce businesses to improve their compliance with regulations? Does public disclosure of compliance with food safety regulations matter for restaurants? Ultimately, this depends on whether grades matter for the bottom line. Based on 28 months of data on more than 15,000 restaurants in New York City, this article explores the impact of public restaurant grades on economic activity and public resources using rigorous panel data methods, including fixed‐effects models with controls for underlying food safety compliance. Results show that A grades reduce the probability of restaurant closure and increase revenues while increasing sales taxes remitted and decreasing fines relative to B grades. Conversely, C grades increase the probability of restaurant closure and decrease revenues while decreasing sales taxes remitted relative to B grades. These findings suggest that policy makers can incorporate public information into regulations to more strongly incentivize compliance.
A Comparative Study of Gender Representation and Social Outcomes: The Effect of Political and Bureaucratic Representation
Authors: Park Sanghee , Liang Jiaqi
Published: July 2019

This article examines whether gender representation of government leadership in the legislative and executive branches improves social equity related to women's social outcomes and how this effect is moderated by the status of democracy. Using a panel data set on 135 OECD and non‐OECD countries from 2005 to 2015, the analysis shows that in non‐OECD countries, political gender representation has a significant, positive impact on female educational attainment and overall gender equality, while bureaucratic gender representation is significant for educational attainment only. For OECD countries, political representation has a consistent effect on educational attainment, labor force participation, and overall gender equality, but there is no evidence of bureaucratic representation. Democratization plays a more critical role in shaping the relationship between institutional representation and women's social outcomes in non‐OECD countries than their OECD counterparts, where gender equality is attributable to broader social, economic, and cultural factors.
Topic Modeling the Research‐Practice Gap in Public Administration
Authors: Walker Richard M. , Chandra Yanto , Zhang Jiasheng , van Witteloostuijn Arjen
Published: July 2019

The possible existence of a research‐practice gap is the topic of a long‐standing debate in the field of public administration. In this Viewpoint essay, the authors examine the agendas of scholars and practitioners using the topic modeling technique of computational social science. Topic modeling a content analysis of 35 topics identified in Public Administration Review and PA Times (3,796 articles) showed that just over 50 percent of topics were common to both groups, indicating shared interests. There were, however, topics that the two groups distinctly focused on. Moreover, scholars and practitioners attached significant differences to the weights allocated to the prominent topics in their writing. Taken together, these findings indicate that topic modeling can shed new light on the research‐practice gap in public administration.
Haematological and biochemical analysis of healthy neonatal puppies during the immediate foetal‐to‐neonatal transition
Authors: Lúcio Cristina Fátima , Garcia Silva Liege Cristina , Vannucchi Camila Infantosi
Published: July 2019

For the neonatal patient, precocity of diagnosis is crucial for effectiveness of medical approach. However, the newborn has its own physiological peculiarities due to ongoing adaptive mechanism for extrauterine life and deserves special attention in order to underline a specific management or clinical approach. The objective of this work was to verify clinical adaptations and biochemical balance of neonates during immediate period, with special reference to haematological, renal and metabolic functions. Neonatal puppies (n = 51) were physically examined for vitality and rectal temperature at birth, 5 and 60 min post‐birth. Blood was collected at birth and 60 min post‐birth for analysis of glucose, sodium, potassium, chlorine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), haematocrit and haemoglobin. Neonatal vitality was lower at birth compared with 5 min and 60 min post‐birth. Progressive decline in rectal temperature (36.5 ± 0.3°C, 34.2 ± 0.2°C, 32.3 ± 0.5°C) was observed at birth, 5 min and 60 min post‐birth, respectively. Puppies presented slight hyponatremia (140.7 ± 0.5 mmol/L) at birth and hypopotassemia (3.5 ± 0.1 mmol/L) and blood urea nitrogen (13.1 ± 0.7 mg/dl) during the first hour, and high haematocrit (45.1 ± 1.0%) and haemoglobin (15.3 ± 0.3 g/dl) concentration. In conclusion, puppies had rapid evolution of vitality. Marked decrease in rectal temperature occurred at 5 min post‐birth. Haematological values of neonates immediately after birth reflected mainly the dam's blood status, not being useful for a blood panel at this time point. The peculiar pattern of BUN, sodium and potassium observed during transition period, suggested that specific reference range should be considered for neonatal puppies.
The copy as original: the presence of the absent Spanish Habsburg king and colonial hybridity
Authors: Osorio Alejandra B.
Published: July 2019

The political culture that defined the Spanish empire was made up of elements that, borrowing from their different points of contact, travelled the world‐around being transformed in the process into a mixed style that defied a clear origin (or original). This political culture was based on sixteenth‐ and seventeenth‐century understandings of the copy as an original that not only made possible the dissemination in the empire of the figure and powers of the absent king by making him ‘present’, but also produced common understandings of his figure, powers, and genesis of the empire. By examining ceremonial deployments of royal simulacra in various cities of the vast Spanish monarchy, and coeval understandings of the copy, this article, argues that the cultural production of this empire cannot be best understood within ahistorical centre‐periphery frameworks of cultural production and/or as derivative colonial phenomena, as do notions of cultural hybridity and of ‘colonial’ art.
Relics, reinvention, and reform in Renaissance Venice: Catherine of Siena's stigmata at the Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo
Authors: McFarland Jennifer
Published: July 2019

This essay analyses the previously unstudied relic of Catherine of Siena's right foot, and its relationship to religious reform in late fifteenth‐century Venice. The relic was gifted to the Venetian Dominican convent of Santi Giovanni e Paolo by the Order's Master General, Gioacchino Torriani, between 1487 and 1500. The essay argues that Torriani's donation formed part of a broader effort to establish Catherine's status as a legitimate stigmatic, and hence to promote Dominican Observant reform. The final section explores the possible implications of this in the context of the convent space. Using both textual evidence and other Venetian depictions of the saint – in particular Andrea di Bartolo's Catherine of Siena with Four Mantellate and Giovanni Bellini's lost Catherine of Siena altarpiece – the article analyses the differing constructions of Catherine that were disseminated from Santi Giovanni e Paolo in the fifteenth century, contextualizing the stigmata iconography of the relic and reliquary within these images. In so doing, it aims to highlight the multifaceted nature of late fifteenth‐century Dominican reform, and also to emphasise the ways in which material and artistic evidence can reveal complexities in the narratives of Dominican Observance presented in extant archival material.
Political Institutions and Pollution: Evidence from Coal‐Fired Power Generation
Authors: Clark Richard , Zucker Noah , Urpelainen Johannes
Published: July 2019

What is the relationship between political institutions and air pollution generated by the power sector? Here we focus on the association between democracy and power generated from coal, the most polluting of all fossil fuels. Using a new dataset on coal‐fired power plants commissioned between 1980 and 2016 in 71 countries, we find that the relationship between democracy and coal varies according to the environmental Kuznets curve logic. Democratic political institutions at lower levels of economic development are correlated with increased commissioning of coal power plants, as governments seek to appeal to an electorate prioritizing economic growth and affordable energy access. As a country becomes richer, democracy comes to have a negative association with coal power, as clean air becomes a more salient issue for the public.
Firearm Retailers and Suicide: Results from a Survey Assessing Willingness to Engage in Prevention Efforts
Authors: Walton Thomas , Stuber Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Objective

Firearms are a highly lethal and commonly used means of suicide. Firearm retailers may be an important group of community members to train as they guide sales and have conversations about firearm‐related laws and safety issues with customers. This study presents findings from the largest survey to date of independently owned firearm retailers (n = 178) in Washington State with the goal of ascertaining the extent of willingness to engage in suicide prevention efforts and factors that may underlie willingness.

Methods

Descriptive analyses and logistic regressions assess factors related to self‐reported willingness to engage in suicide prevention activities guided by a well‐tested theoretical model.

Results

Respondents are unaware that suicide is the leading type of firearm fatality and have high levels of exposure to suicide in their personal and professional lives. The majority endorse a willingness to learn and engage in suicide prevention activities. Knowledge about warning signs of suicide and beliefs about the preventability of suicide are predictive of a willingness to engage in prevention efforts. Reluctance to discuss personal issues with customers is negatively associated with willingness to engage in prevention efforts.

Conclusions

Suggestions for how to improve outreach to firearm retailers to enhance suicide prevention efforts are discussed.
Masked hypertension and submaximal exercise blood pressure among adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Huang Zhengzheng , Sharman James E. , Fonseca Ricardo , Park Chloe , Chaturvedi Nish , Davey Smith George , Howe Laura D. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Hughes Alun D. , Schultz Martin G.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Masked hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular risk but is undetectable by clinic blood pressure (BP). Elevated systolic BP responses to submaximal exercise reveal the presence of masked hypertension in adults, but it is unknown whether this is the case during adolescence. We aimed to determine if exercise BP was raised in adolescents with masked hypertension, and its association with cardiovascular risk markers.

Methods

A total of 657 adolescents (aged 17.7 ± 0.3 years; 41.9% male) from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) completed a step‐exercise test with pre‐, post‐, and recovery‐exercise BP, clinic BP and 24‐hour ambulatory BP. Masked hypertension was defined as clinic BP <140/90 mm Hg and 24‐hour ambulatory BP ≥130/80 mm Hg. Assessment of left‐ventricular (LV) mass index and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (aortic PWV) was also undertaken. Thresholds of clinic, pre‐, post‐, and recovery‐exercise systolic BP were explored from ROC analysis to identify masked hypertension.

Results

Fifty participants (7.8%) were classified with masked hypertension. Clinic, pre‐, post‐, and recovery‐exercise systolic BP were associated with masked hypertension (AUC ≥ 0.69 for all, respectively), with the clinic systolic BP threshold of 115 mm Hg having high sensitivity and specificity and exercise BP thresholds of 126, 150, and 130 mm Hg, respectively, having high specificity and negative predictive value (individually or when combined) for ruling out the presence of masked hypertension. Additionally, this exercise systolic BP above the thresholds was associated with greater left‐ventricular mass index and aortic PWV.

Conclusions

Submaximal exercise systolic BP is associated with masked hypertension and adverse cardiovascular structure in adolescents. Exercise BP may be useful in addition to clinic BP for screening of high BP and cardiovascular risk in adolescents.
AH2 encodes a MYB domain protein that determines hull fate and affects grain yield and quality in rice
Authors: Ren Deyong , Cui Yuanjiang , Hu Haitao , Xu Qiankun , Rao Yuchun , Yu Xiaoqi , Zhang Yu , Wang Yuexing , Peng Youlin , Zeng Dali , Hu Jiang , Zhang Guangheng , Gao Zhenyu , Zhu Li , Chen Guang , shen Lan , Zhang Qiang , Guo Longbiao , Qian Qian
Published: July 2019

The palea and lemma (hull) are grass‐specific organs, and determine grain size and quality. In the study, AH2 encodes a MYB domain protein, and functions in the development of hull and grain. Mutation of AH2 produces smaller grains and alters grain quality including decreased amylose content and gel consistency, and increased protein content. Meantime, part of the hull lost the outer silicified cells, and induces a transformation of the outer rough epidermis to inner smooth epidermis cells, and the body of the palea was reduced in the ah2 mutant. We confirmed the function of AH2 by complementation, CRISPR‐Cas9, and cytological and molecular tests. Additionally, AH2, as a repressor, repress transcription of the downstream genes. Our results revealed that AH2 plays an important role in the determination of hull epidermis development, palea identity, and grain size.
Comparative analysis of metabolome of rice seeds at three developmental stages using a recombinant inbred line population
Authors: Li Kang , Wang Dehong , Gong Liang , Lyu Yuanyuan , Guo Hao , Chen Wei , Jin Cheng , Liu Xianqing , Fang Chuanying , Luo Jie
Published: July 2019

Plants are considered an important food and nutrition source for humans. Despite advances in plant seed metabolomics, knowledge about the genetic and molecular bases of rice seed metabolomes at different developmental stages is still limited. Here, using Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Minghui 63 (MH63), we performed a widely targeted metabolic profiling in seeds during grain filling, mature seeds and germinating seeds. The diversity between MH63 and ZS97 was characterized in terms of the content of metabolites and the metabolic shifting across developmental stages. Taking advantage of the ultra‐high‐density genetic map of a population of 210 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ZS97 and MH63, we identified 4681 putative metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) in seeds across the three stages. Further analysis of the mQTLs for the codetected metabolites across the three stages revealed that the genetic regulation of metabolite accumulation was closely related to developmental stage. Using in silico analyses, we characterized 35 candidate genes responsible for 30 structurally identified or annotated compounds, among which LOC_Os07g04970 and LOC_Os06g03990 were identified to be responsible for feruloylserotonin and l‐asparagine content variation across populations, respectively. Metabolite−agronomic trait association and colocation between mQTLs and phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) revealed the complexity of the metabolite−agronomic trait relationship and the corresponding genetic basis.
Red blood cell alloimmunization is associated with lower expression of FcγR1 on monocyte subsets in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Balbuena‐Merle Raisa , Curtis Susanna A. , Devine Lesley , Gibb David R. , Karafin Matthew S. , Luckey Chance John , Tormey Christopher A. , Siddon Alexa J. , Roberts John D. , Hendrickson Jeanne E.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Despite the clinical significance of red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies, there are currently no laboratory tests available to predict which patients may be at risk of antibody formation after transfusion exposure. Given their phagocytic and inflammatory functions, we hypothesized that differences in circulating monocytes may play a role in alloimmunization.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Forty‐two adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) were recruited, with data extracted from the electronic medical record and peripheral blood analyzed by flow cytometry for total monocytes, monocyte subsets (CD14 high/CD16 low+ classical monocytes, CD14 high/CD16 high+ intermediate monocytes, and CD14 intermediate/CD16 high+ non‐classical/inflammatory monocytes), and FcγR1 (CD64) expression. Thirteen “non‐responder” patients (non‐alloimmunized patients with documented RBC transfusion at the study institution) were compared to 20 alloimmunized “responder” patients, who had a total of 44 RBC alloantibodies identified.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in the percentages of total monocytes, monocyte subsets, or measured cytokines between non‐responders and responders. However, non‐responders had higher CD64 expression on classical monocytes (MFI mean 3424 ± standard deviation 1141) compared to responders (MFI mean 2285 ± 1501), p = 0.029, and on intermediate monocytes (MFI mean 3720 ± 1191) compared to responders (MFI mean 2497 ± 1640), p = 0.033.

CONCLUSIONS

Monocytes and the inflammatory milieu increasingly are being appreciated to play a role in some complications of SCD. The differences in FcγR1 expression on monocyte subsets noted between responders and non‐responders, which cannot be directly explained by the serum cytokines evaluated, warrant further investigation.
Fluorine‐18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose PET‐CT aids in detection of soft‐tissue injuries for dogs with thoracic or pelvic limb lameness
Authors: Frank Ilan , Mann Kelly , Duerr Felix
Published: July 2019

Fluorine‐18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) provides physiologic images of tissues based on their glucose metabolism. The combination of FDG PET and CT (FDG PET‐CT) has been utilized in human musculoskeletal imaging to localize soft tissue lesions, however, this modality has not been thoroughly investigated for the diagnosis of canine lameness. This prospective, descriptive study evaluated FDG PET‐CT findings in 25 client‐owned dogs with inconclusive origin of thoracic or pelvic limb lameness (thoracic limb n = 15/25, 60%; pelvic limb n = 6/25, 24%; and combination of both limbs n = 4/25, 16%). We hypothesized that FDG PET‐CT would aid the detection of soft tissue lesions not visible with other imaging modalities. Combined FDG PET‐CT detected soft tissue lesions in 40% (n = 10/25) and osteoarthritis in 64% (n = 16/25) of the patients. FDG PET detected more soft tissue lesions than contrast‐enhanced CT (n = 15/15, 100% and n = 12/15, 80%, respectively), while CT identified more osteoarthritis lesions than FDG PET (n = 26/26, 100% and n = 18/26, 69%, respectively). The three imaging‐diagnoses based on the FDG PET component included the following: flexor carpi ulnaris muscle tear, psoas major myopathy, and tarsal desmopathy. No diagnosis for the lameness was obtained in three dogs. Findings supported FDG PET‐CT as a useful adjunct imaging modality for detection of certain soft tissue injuries of the musculoskeletal system. Combined FDG PET‐CT should be considered for cases where the cause of lameness is thought to be of soft tissue origin and cannot be diagnosed by conventional means.
Post-operative pain management among surgical trauma patients in an acute ward: a best practice implementation project
Authors: García-Monasterio Emilia Irene , Alvárez-Vázquez Juan Carlos , Morado-Quiñoá Purificación , Pena-Pena Amparo , Mazón Mar Folgueira , Bouso Ana Murado , López Angeles Landeira , Cendán-Celeiro Elena
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Effective pain management should be one of the main goals of healthcare professionals. The trauma unit of a hospital in an urban area of Spain carried out an implementation project, guided by the evidence-based criteria from JBI, to put in place the processes and initiatives needed to reduce post-operative pain.

Objectives:

The aim of this implementation project was to promote evidence-based practice in managing post-operative pain.

Methods:

A pre-post implementation audit was implemented using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tool. Each audit included 30 post-operative patients from a randomized sample who were evaluated before the project started and six months after key strategies had been implemented. The criteria were audited according to evidence-based process criteria.

Results:

At the baseline audit, the compliance percentages for the evidence-based criteria ranged from 10% to 43%. Seven obstacles were identified in relation to post-operative pain management. Following the GRiP table, the team established a series of strategies and resources to implement the improvement actions. When the implementation period ended, all the criteria had improved.

Conclusions:

The quality improvement cycle allowed us to implement the clinical best practice recommendations, with subsequent outcome improvements for patients. Future audits should be performed to drive new cycles of improvement in evidence-based practice.
Toward the Integrated Design of Organic Rankine Cycle Power Plants: A Method for the Simultaneous Optimization of Working Fluid, Thermodynamic Cycle, and Turbine
Authors: Lampe Matthias , De Servi Carlo , Schilling Johannes , Bardow André , Colonna Piero
Published: July 2019

The conventional design of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems starts with the selection of the working fluid and the subsequent optimization of the corresponding thermodynamic cycle. More recently, systematic methods have been proposed integrating the selection of the working fluid into the optimization of the thermodynamic cycle. However, in both cases, the turbine is designed subsequently. This procedure can lead to a suboptimal design, especially in the case of mini- and small-scale ORC systems, since the preselected combination of working fluid and operating conditions may lead to infeasible turbine designs. The resulting iterative design procedure may end in conservative solutions after multiple trial-and-error attempts due to the strong interdependence of the many design variables and constraints involved. In this work, we therefore present a new design and optimization method integrating working fluid selection, thermodynamic cycle design, and preliminary turbine design. To this purpose, our recent 1-stage continuous-molecular targeting (CoMT)-computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) method for the integrated design of the ORC process and working fluid is expanded by a turbine meanline design procedure. Thereby, the search space of the optimization is bounded to regions where the design of the turbine is feasible. The resulting method has been tested for the design of a small-scale high-temperature ORC unit adopting a radial-inflow turbo-expander. The results confirm the potential of the proposed method over the conventional iterative design practice for the design of small-scale ORC turbogenerators.
Aerobic Training Performed at Ventilatory Threshold Improves Psychological Outcomes in Adolescents With Obesity
Authors: Fidelix Yara , Lofrano-Prado Mara C. , Fortes Leonardo S. , Hill James O. , Caldwell Ann E. , Botero João P. , do Prado Wagner L.
Published: July 2019

Background: Physical activity may be as effective as some drugs for improving psychological outcomes; however, vigorous exercise may be needed for improving these outcomes in adolescents with obesity. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of low- and high-intensity training on self-esteem and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents with obesity. Methods: A total of 62 pubertal adolescents with obesity (age 15 [1.5] y, body mass index 34.87 [4.22] kg/m2) were randomized into high-intensity group (HIG, n = 31) or low-intensity group (LIG, n = 31) for 24 weeks. All participants also received nutritional, psychological, and clinical counseling. Body composition and measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-esteem were assessed at baseline and after 24 weeks. Results: Depressive symptoms decreased significantly in both HIG (d = 1.16) and LIG (d = 0.45) (P ≤ .01). Trait anxiety decreased after 24 weeks for HIG (d = 0.81, P = .002) and LIG (d = 0.31, P = .002). No changes were observed in state anxiety or self-esteem. Conclusions: Results from the present study demonstrate that 24 weeks of multidisciplinary intervention improves depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with obesity; however, the magnitude of changes is higher in HIG compared with LIG.
Contamination Is Not Linked to the Gestational Microbiome
Authors: Rodriguez Michelle D. , Yu Kevin K. , Paul Zubin S. , Keller-Wood Maureen , Wood Charles E. , Triplett Eric W.
Published: July 2019

Recent evidence for a gestational microbiome suggests that active transfer between mother and fetus
in utero
is possible, and, therefore, actions must be taken to clarify the presence versus absence of these organisms in their respected sources. The value of this study is the differentiation between bacterial DNA identified in the necropsy rooms of animals and bacterial DNA whose origin is purely clinical in nature. We do not know the extent to which microorganisms traverse maternal tissues and infiltrate fetal circulation, so measures taken to control for contamination during sample processing are vital for addressing these concerns.
Extending the Stalk Enhances Immunogenicity of the Influenza Virus Neuraminidase
Authors: Broecker Felix , Zheng Allen , Suntronwong Nungruthai , Sun Weina , Bailey Mark J. , Krammer Florian , Palese Peter
Published: July 2019

The efficacy of influenza virus vaccines could be improved by enhancing the immunogenicity of the NA protein. One of the reasons for its poor immunogenicity is the immunodominance of the HA over the NA in many seasonal influenza virus vaccines. Here we demonstrate that, in the mouse model, extending the stalk domain of the NA protein can enhance its immunogenicity on virus particles and overcome the immunodominance of the HA without affecting antibody responses to the HA. The antibody repertoire is broadened by the extended NA and includes additional ADCC-active antibodies. Our findings may assist in the efforts toward more effective influenza virus vaccines.
Common Variants in the Glycerol Kinase Gene Reduce Tuberculosis Drug Efficacy
Authors: Bellerose Michelle M. , Baek Seung-Hun , Huang Chuan-Chin , Moss Caitlin E. , Koh Eun-Ik , Proulx Megan K. , Smith Clare M. , Baker Richard E. , Lee Jong Seok , Eum Seokyong , Shin Sung Jae , Cho Sang-Nae , Murray Megan , Sassetti Christopher M.
Published: July 2019

TB control is limited in part by the length of antibiotic treatment needed to prevent recurrent disease. To probe mechanisms underlying survival under antibiotic pressure, we performed a genetic screen for
M. tuberculosis
mutants with altered susceptibility to treatment using the mouse model of TB. We identified multiple genes involved in a range of functions which alter sensitivity to antibiotics. In particular, we found glycerol catabolism mutants were less susceptible to treatment and that common variation in a homopolymeric region in the
glpK
gene was associated with drug resistance in clinical isolates. These studies indicate that reversible high-frequency variation in carbon metabolic pathways can produce phenotypically drug-tolerant clones and have a role in the development of resistance.
Mice Fed an Obesogenic Western Diet, Administered Antibiotics, and Subjected to a Sterile Surgical Procedure Develop Lethal Septicemia with Multidrug-Resistant Pathobionts
Authors: Hyoju Sanjiv K. , Zaborin Alexander , Keskey Robert , Sharma Anukriti , Arnold Wyatt , van den Berg Fons , Kim Sangman M. , Gottel Neil , Bethel Cindy , Charnot-Katsikas Angella , Jianxin Peng , Adriaansens Carleen , Papazian Emily , Gilbert Jack A. , Zaborina Olga , Alverdy John C.
Published: July 2019

Obesity remains a prevalent and independent risk factor for life-threatening infection following major surgery. Here, we demonstrate that when mice are fed an obesogenic Western diet (WD), they become susceptible to lethal sepsis with multiple organ damage after exposure to antibiotics and an otherwise-recoverable surgical injury. Analysis of the gut microbiota in this model demonstrates that WD alone leads to loss of
Bacteroidetes
, a bloom of
Proteobacteria
, and evidence of antibiotic resistance development even before antibiotics are administered. After antibiotics and surgery, lethal sepsis with organ damage developed in in mice fed a WD with the appearance of multidrug-resistant pathogens in the liver, spleen, and blood. The importance of these findings lies in exposing how the selective pressures of diet, antibiotic exposure, and surgical injury can converge on the microbiome, resulting in lethal sepsis and organ damage without the introduction of an exogenous pathogen.