bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building and Codifying a Measure of Pursue among Advanced Volleyball Players in Iraq
Authors: Abduljaleel Afrah Baqer , Hamoodi Luma Sameer
Published: June 2021

The importance of the study lies in the extent to which the players possess pursue and what it contains interms of cooperation, coordination and integration in the roles that lead to achieving common goals amongthe players, which is reflected in their solidarity by performing the required tasks, whether in the training orcompetition process.The problem arises: Do advanced volleyball players rely on discipline to achieve the team’s common goals,both in training and competition?The objective of the research was to: Building and codifying the pursue scale for advanced volleyballplayers, as well as setting standard levels for the advanced volleyball players’ pursue scale.The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method because it is more appropriate to theobjectives of the research and the nature of the problem. The research community consists of the IraqiPremier League volleyball players for the season (2019-2020), whose number is (196) players. And all theresearch sample was selected intentionally.As for the most important conclusions: It was to find a measuring tool to build and standardize the pursue ofadvanced volleyball players. The research sample was distributed over five levels of the scale of pursue foradvanced volleyball players. While the most important recommendations were: The researcher recommendsusing a symmetry scale on all players in other team games.
Effect Skillful Exercises by Playing Method to Developing The Short Anaerobic Ability and Team Attacking for Young Basketball Players
Authors: Alwan Abbas Hatem , Hamzah Najm Tahseen
Published: June 2021

The importance of the research lies in preparing skillful exercises in the method of playing and knowingtheir effect on the anaerobic ability and team attacking of the junior basketball players.As for the research problem: the research problem centered on lack of focus and lack of interest in exercisesthat are built according to the physiological systems that overlap with work (anaerobic) and that would bringabout functional changes that are reflected in the development of the physical, skill and planning aspect inorder to make the player able to bear physical and functional burdens similar to the burdens of competition.The objective of the research was to: Prepare skillful exercises by playing method of basketball, as wellas to identify the effect of skill training by playing method to development the anaerobic ability and teamattacking for young basketball players, and the imposition of the research is: There is an effect of skillfultraining by playing method on anaerobic ability and team attacking for young basketball players.As for the research methodology and its field procedures: the researchers used the experimental method tosolve the research problem, while the research community was identified with the emerging players of AlHillah Basketball Club, and they were distributed into two groups (experimental and control) by a simplerandom method (draw).While the most important conclusions were: that skill exercises by playing method helped to develop(anaerobic ability), and also that skillful exercises by playing method contributed greatly to the developmentof the team attacking of basketball for the young players.As for the most important recommendations, they were: The researchers recommend paying attention tothe use of skillful exercises by playing method according to scientific training bases to raise the efficiencyof anaerobic basketball players during matches and competitions, the researchers recommend attention topreparing and organizing skill exercises by playing method when training the team attacking of basketballin its various types and for all groups.
Psychosocial Climate and Its Relationship to Mental Distraction among Some Students of the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
Authors: Alameer Rashid Maryam Abdul , Kazem Sahira Razzaq
Published: June 2021

The needs of students are many and varied in the diversity of their physical and social formation, and thepsychosocial climate, which is one of the important and influential psychological processes in the nature ofthe university atmosphere, which has an effect and relationship with mental distraction from the intellectualside, and therefore it is necessary to identify this relationship, explain it and find appropriate solutions to it,and that the rise the behavior and feeling of students should be characterized by positive energy, in additionto the morale based on the desire and the struggle to excel in the situations of university life that will resultin a certain type of distinguished activity characterized by effectiveness and perseverance.
Aerobic Exercise and Omega 3 Supplementation to Reduce Primary Dysmenorrhea (Literature Review)
Authors: Ayubi Novadri , Sastika Putri Dhea Regita
Published: June 2021

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is felt in the absence of organic disease.Hypersecretion of prostaglandins, especially PGF2a and PGE2 and increased uterine contractility are themain causes of primary dysmenorrhea during menstruation in women. Omega 3 can reduce menstrual painby reducing levels of prostaglandins during menstruation. besides aerobic exercise can be done as one wayto reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea.Methods: This study used a literature review method using comprehensive strategies such as searching forarticles in research journal databases, searching through the internet, reviewing articles. The data databasesearch used was Proquest, Pubmed, sciencediretct.com, Elsevier journal. The inclusion criteria in this studyare British journals that discuss physiology, omega 3, aerobic exercise, and primary dysmenorrhea. Theexclusion criteria in this study were international journals that had been published over the last 5 years in2021.Result: Based on a review of research results, it is clear that regular aerobic exercise can significantly reduceprimary dysmenorrhea due to increased progesterone. Omega 3 supplementation can significantly reduceprimary dysmenorrhea because it can inhibit prostaglandin productionConclusion: Aerobic exercise and omega 3 supplementation can reduce primary dysmenorrhea duringmenstruation
Evaluation of Microleakage under Sapphire Brackets Bonded with Three Different Orthodontic Adhesives after Thermocycling and Water Storage (An in Vitro Study)
Authors: Salman Omaima Lateef , Rafeeq Al-Ani Reem Atta
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the microleakage between enamel-adhesive, bracket-adhesiveinterfaces at occlusal and gingival sides of sapphire brackets bonded with three different light-cure adhesivesystems after thermocycling and 2 months water storage.Materials and Methods: Sapphire brackets bonded to forty eight intact extracted upper premolar randomlyassigned according to orthodontic adhesive systems used into three equal groups (n=16) with different colorcoding: Conventional Transbond XT; Transbond XT plus self-etching primer; Resin-modified glass ionomercement (RMGIC) GC Fugi Ortho LC. After bonding and thermocycling, half of samples (8 teeth) in eachgroup, tested immediately after thermocycling and 24 hours of water storage and the remaining 8 teeth wereincubated in distilled water to be tested after 2 months of water storage. After each storage interval, sampleswere subjected to a dye penetration test and examined under a stereomicroscope with image analyzersoftware to assess the degree of microleakage in mm. Data was analyzed using the non-parametric tests.Results: After both storage time intervals, RMGIC group displayed higher microleakage than other groupswith high significant differences with Transbond XT group and more microleakage seen at gingival marginthan occlusal margin in all groups. The microleakage values increased after 2 months storage, but withoutsignificant differences.Conclusion: The type of adhesive systems could effect the amount of microleakage and higher valueunder brackets bonded with RMGIC with more microleakage gingivally than occlusally. The microleakageincreased after thermocycling with 2 months water storage.
The Significance of Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase Activities as Prognostic Biomarkers for the Mortality in Patients with Terminal Cancers
Authors: AL-Daami Qasim J. , Al-Hindy Hayder AA. , Kaurshead Rzaq S. , Abdullah Rawaa G.
Published: June 2021

Background: Both creatine kinase (CK) and/or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) mutually are elevatedsignificantly in many tumors. This study hypothesizes that LDH was evaluated as a prognostic factor forsurvival time in patients with terminal cancer (PTC). Additionally, CK considered as a valuable in assessingprognosis of advanced cancer patients. This study aimed to estimate the change in the CK/LDH levelsin patients with different types of cancer comparing with the controls, and to investigate their prognosticsignificance for survival time termination in PTC.Methodology: The study was performed at Cancer Central Research Clinic in Baghdad. We quantitated CK/LDH using the colorimetric method in sixty PTC, and twenty age/sex-matched healthy adults.Results: Serum values of CK/LDH were significantly increased in PTC compared to the controls (p<0.001).There was a weak non-significant correlation between CKLDH in PTC and control. There was a nonsignificantcorrelation of CK to LDH levels in different cancer types, except in patients with lymphaticcancer.Conclusion: In agreement with our hypothesis, serum levels of CK/LDH were significantly increased as thepatients approached death.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FIVE MAIN PRINCIPLES OF LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT IN DESIGNING THE LANGUAGE TESTS IN UZBEK UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   The Efl/Esl Teacher Of The Uzbekistan State World Languages University Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Jumaniyozova Feruza Tulibayevna
Published: June 2021

Language testing plays a vital role in the language learning process, enabling teachers to diagnose students’ strengths and weaknesses, which place them at their appropriate levels. This article discusses three significant aspects of L2 test design: (1) the importance of five primary principles of language assessment; (2) the disadvantages of using only limited production and selected-response tasks; (3) the importance of using extended tasks in testing students’ grammar skills. I researched in the Uzbekistan state world languages university and concluded that the efficient assessment, which follows five fundamental principles of language assessment, facilitates learners' further study and achievement.
Other Generations' Interpretation and Use of the Past: the Case of the Picture Stones on Gotland
Authors: Burström Mats
Published: June 2021

Throughout history, ancient monuments and artefacts have been ascribed many meanings in a multitude of contexts. What consequences does this have for archaeological interpretation and for archaeology as a discipline? The discussion focuses on one single category of ancient monuments: the Gotlandic picture stones, originally raised during the period A.D. 400-1100.
Khazars or "Saltovo-Majaki Culture"? Prejudices about Archaeology and Ethnicity
Authors: Werbart Bozena
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the problems and discussions of the diversified cultural changes and the multicultural aspects of prehistoric societies. Prejudices about archaeology and "ethnicity" are exemplified by the almost 150 year old discussions on the Khazar khaganate, alternately a distinct delimited archaeological culture from the 8th-9th-centuries - the Saltovo-Majaki culture. The interpretation of Khazarian material culture has often been made in terms of "ethnicity", and yet the cultural identity, the multiplicity of the society, etc. , are not translated to the material culture. The economical, social and religious changes are the most significant phenomena within the "Saltovo-Majaki culture” and/or the Khazar khaganate: the transition from nomadism to sedentism, from tribal aristocracy to feudalism, and the transformation to a monotheistic religion. The common denominator for the Khazaria and the Saltovo-Majaki culture is, in my opinion, the pluralism of the social structures and economy, and the multidimensional character of cultural identity. The formation of complexes of archaeological items common to the whole of the steppe and forest/steppe areas, does not allow for connections between a specific archaeological material and a specific "ethnic" group of the past or of modern times.
Burial Layout, Society and Sacred Geography - A Viking Age Example from Jämtland
Authors: Jakobsson Mikael
Published: June 2021

ln the Viking Age cotnmunity in the Lake Storsjön district in central Jämtland the landscape, the society and the religion formed a conceptual totality. The political power had religious overtones and was legitimized through the topography of the district, which was comprehended by the inhabitants as god-given. This result has been achieved through structural analysis of two different source materials. One is an analysis of the sacred place-names in the district. The other analysis has used the richly furnished Viking Age cemetery of Röstahammaren, in particular its most well-equipped grave, male grave IV. There are structural parallels between these materials,
Prehistoric Grinding Tools as Metaphorical Traces of the Past
Authors: Lidström Holmberg Cecilia
Published: June 2021

The predominant interpretation of reciprocating grinding tools is generally couched in terms of low archaeological value, anonymity, simplicity, functionality and daily life of women. It is argued that biased opinions and a low form-variability have conspired to deny grinding tools all but superficial attention. Saddle-shaped grinding tools appear in the archaeological record in middle Sweden at the time of the Mesolithic — Neolithic transition. It is argued that Neolithic grinding tools are products of intentional design. Deliberate depositions in various ritual contexts reinforce the idea of grinding tools as prehistoric metaphors, with functional and symbolic meanings interlinked.
Lonesome Sailing Ship - Reflections on the Rock-Carvings of Sweden and Their Interpreters
Authors: Hauptman Wahlgren Katherine
Published: June 2021

The study of rock-carvings has developed into a separate field of archaeology, often outside the general discourse. The number of works on the subject does not reflect the wide range of interpretations that could be expected. Rather than inspire, the pictorial world has restrained the interpretative discussion. During the first half of the 20th century the religious approach dominated, while the perspective of the 1970s and '80s focused mainly on mani festations of status. The 1990s marked a revival of interest in the ritual dimension of the rock-carvings. In this article it is argued that rock-carving interpretations ought to be integrated into the wider discourse, as well as into a local context of contemporaneous ancient remains. Another important task for future research is to study the meaning of the carving act, not only the significance of the images.
Animal Graves: Dog, Horse and Bear
Authors: Jennbert Kristina
Published: June 2021

The author discusses the relationship between people and animals in a time perspective of millennia. The starting point is the pre-Christian, Scandinavian, animal graves of dogs and horses, the Saami bear-graves, as well as animal burials of modern time. The occurrence of animal graves in pre-Christian time and the wide range of ways to dispose ofhuman and animal bodies complicate our understanding of the concept of a grave. The relationship between people and animals is complex. The animal burials reflect the existence ofa longstanding and very close bond between people and animals, which is based on emotion, prestige and the ritualising of a dynamic nature. It seems that people position themselves in their surroundings with a kind of mentality that has a long time span. This gives unexpected views of the cultural inheritance, of the idea of people as the crown of creation, and of the way in which the main threads are interwoven in our cultural history.
Earthy Practice: Towards a History of Excavation in Sweden, in the 17th and 18th centuries
Authors: Jensen Ola W.
Published: June 2021

Excavation as a practice is commonly perceived as an outcome of the development of archaeology as a discipline during the 19th century. In line with this argument, earlier antiquarians, such as Olof Rudbeck and Olof Verelius, were exceptions. In this paper, the author stresses that excavation as a method was established in the late 17th century, only to become a natural practice in the next century. Issues that are ventilated are the circumstances behind this methodological introduction and its characteristics.
On the Shore: Life Inside a Palisade Enclosure and Cultural Change during the Middle Neolithic B in Southern Scandinavia
Authors: Brink Kristian , Kishonti Ingela , Magnell Ola
Published: June 2021

In 2006 a palisade enclosure dated to the late Middle Neolithic was excavated at Bunkeflostrand, Malmö, Sweden. The excavation of pits and wells containing flints, animal bones and pottery revealed a wide range of activities at the site, which is exceptional in comparison with most other palisade enclosures of southern Scandinavia. Palisade enclosures have emerged as places of great significance to our understanding of cultural relations traditionally associated with the transition from the Funnel Beaker culture to the Battle Axe culture. The results of the excavation at Bunkeflostrand and other palisade enclosures in the region can be used to understand social relations and cultural change in the Middle Neolithic in southern Scandinavia.
Assessing and Measuring: On Quality in Development-led Archaeology
Authors: Andersson Carolina , Lagerlöf Agneta , Skyllberg Eva
Published: June 2021

The concept of quality has become the subject of inten- sive discussion in almost all aspects of society in recent years and development-led archaeology is no exception. Results showing a lack of quality have been observed both in countries which choose to use systems based on competitive tendering and in those where development- led archaeology is conducted solely by official institu- tions. In this article the authors discuss the essential elements for achieving good quality in development- led archaeology as required by the Swedish Heritage Act. They also discuss how Swedish development-led archaeology can be enhanced and what is needed to achieve and maintain quality.
A Shattered Tomb of Scattered People: The Alvastra Dolmen in Light of Stable Isotopes
Authors: Fornander Elin
Published: June 2021

Skeletal remains from the dolmen in Alvastra are ap- proached from the perspective of isotope analyses, providing insights into dietary and residential pat- terns. Radiocarbon dates from the interred individu- als provide evidence of long-lasting burial practices which were still active when the Alvastra Pile Dwell- ing was built. The isotopic record indicates dispersed geographic origins among the buried individuals. It is suggested that Alvastra, with the dolmen as a focal point, was established as a meeting place and sacred space already several centuries before the time of the Pile Dwelling.
Are We There Yet? Archaeology and the Postmodern in the New Millennium
Authors: Fahlander Fredrik
Published: June 2021

The present text discusses the significance of the post- modern condition in contemporary archaeology. Five themes associated with postmodernism are discussed

(a) the relativization of truth, knowledge, and mean- ing, (b) the fragmentation of the grand narrative, (c) the relation between agency and discourse, (d) plural- ism, multivocality, and heterogeneity, and (e) rhetoric and styles of writing. In contemporary debate it has been suggested that postmodernism is a past phase and that these contested issues have become less im- portant. It is, however, argued here that these are by no means resolved, but rather bypassed by shifting focus to archaeology as a contemporary practice or, in theoretical terms, towards particularistic neo-ma- terialist ontologies.
The Materiality of the Ancient Dead – Post-burial Practices and Ontologies of Death in Southern Sweden AD 800–1200
Authors: Fahlander Fredrik
Published: June 2021

This text discusses reuse and modifications of older graves in southern Sweden during the Late Iron Age and early medieval period (c. 9th to 12th centu- ries AD). Post-burial practices in the Late Iron Age have in general been interpreted as means to nego- tiate status, identity and rights to land, while in the later part of the period they are comprehended as expressions of religious insecurity and syncretism. In this text, the continuity of post-burial practices during the whole period is stressed and instead of general top-down interpretative models, the onto- logical status and material aspects of death, dead bodies and their graves is emphasized. It is argued that the post-burial actions generally constituted ways of relating to a specific type of materiality, the bones of the ancient dead, which transgress binary categorizations such as living–dead, past–present, heathen–Christian, and human–nonhuman. The argument builds on five recently excavated sites in southern Sweden: Bogla, Broby Bro, Lilla Ullevi, Valsta and Vittene.
Documenting and Interpreting the Picture Stones of Gotland: Old Problems and New Approaches
Authors: Oehrl Sigmund
Published: June 2021

Gotland’s picture stones are a unique source for the study of pre-Christian religion. However, there are many still unsolved problems that make it difficult to use this treasure. The main problem is the cur- rent condition of the figurative carvings, which in many cases are hardly recognizable. S. Lindqvist, in his 1941/42 edition of the stones, traced the fig- ures with paint to make them visible. More than half a century after the publication of his book, digital methods can be applied in order to improve the documentation and make it more objective. I demonstrate these methods and their relevance for iconography in this paper, including unpublished finds and discoveries. Some more issues are men- tioned and finally, the possibilities and needs of fu- ture research are outlined
Stones in the South: Decoding Bronze Age Ritual Practices on Gotland
Authors: Martinsson-Wallin Helene , Wehlin Joakim
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we discuss the ritual practices and ritualization in the Bronze Age society on Got- land based on archaeological investigations of cairn milieus and stone ship contexts. We explore whether erected stones and demarcations on the south to south-west side of the Bronze Age cairns are the norm and whether this phenomenon oc- curred during the Bronze Age. We also discuss whether our archaeological research can support long-term use of cairn milieus for ritual purposes.
The Triviality of the New Innovation and Impact in Archaeology and Beyond
Authors: Sørensen Tim Flohr
Published: June 2021

What drives archaeology? Is it new empirical discoveries, new methods or new theory? These factors combined are the fuel of the discipline, is the obvious answer. However, debates and research articles frequently reveal how a perceived need for novelty, originality and impact tends to disentangle this triumvirate of archaeological virtues, giving precedence to one asset over others as the supposed driving force. Focusing on archaeological theory, this article taps into current discussions of the nature of archaeological change, reviewing debates on the formation of archaeological theory, its legitimisation and usefulness. Specifically, I address a recent claim that archaeological theory too readily undermines itself by adopting immature ideas and concepts from other disciplines in an uncritical pursuit of novelty. Finally, I discuss how archaeology may contribute more generally to the formation of theory in the humanities by returning so-called borrowed theory.
Hinterland discoveries: Middle Mesolithic woodland utilization and the case of the site Eidsberg, eastern Norway
Authors: Mjærum Axel
Published: June 2021

Research on the Middle Mesolithic (c. 8300−6350 cal. BC) of Scandinavia north of the Skagerrak Strait has mainly been based on data from the thousands of settlements found along the former sea, lake, and river shores. Far fewer sites have been located or investigated further away from the former waters.

The excavation of three Middle Mesolithic pit houses at Eidsberg in eastern Norway has therefore provided an unprecedented opportunity to gain detailed knowledge of Mesolithic activities in the hitherto under-explored forested inland. In this article, the newly discovered site and a range of other data are discussed in an ethnographical framework to understand the utilization of this hinterland as part of a semi-sedentary lifestyle.
Research of fungal diseases of herbaceous plants exposed from Aksu Ferroalloy Plant
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Tuleubayeva A. , Ospanova A. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Beysembay A. ,   Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda University
Published: June 2021

Main problem: Technogenic "metamorphosis" of vegetation near such large industrial facilities as Pavlodar is considered to be the result of various active chemical and mechanical factors provoked by economic activities associated with the influence of emissions from industrial companies. The effect of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation in all regions of Kazakhstan varies and is largely dependent on the economic development of the territory, but in any case, the end result of this impact is the change in the vegetation, causing violations of with structure, reduced vodorazdelnaya flora and productivity of communities. This, in turn, can cause infection of herbaceous plants with pathogenic fungi, which then carry with them: a decrease in the intensity of plant growth, a deterioration in their decorative qualities, a decrease in the survival of the biological species. Purpose: to study the types of fungi-pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases and to determine the degree of modification of the plant component, which is under intense negative technogenic influence from the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant (AFР). Мethods: For the experimental study, species of plants such as: Artemisia dracunculus L; Artemesia vulgaris L; Atriplex fera L; Atriplex patula L; Artemisia annua L were selected for the content of fungi- pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases. Results and their significance: This experimental study was aimed at the presence of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants as a result of human impact, occurring near the industrial zone "AFР". The composition of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants collected in this industrial zone was considered and studied. According to the results of an experimental laboratory study, phytopathogenic fungi of herbaceous plants belonging to 1 ordo, 1 familia, and 4 species were found.
On the issue of using linguistic and regional realities when learning a foreign language
Authors:   Academician E.А. Buketov Karaganda University, Rapisheva Zh. , Balgabay A. ,   Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda University
Published: June 2021

The article considers the problem of updating the linguistic and regional realities in the process of studying a foreign language in an inseparable connection with the study of regional characteristics determined by the national worldview, social and cultural structure. Modern methodological research is based on the linguistic and cultural approach in teaching a foreign language. At the same time, vocabulary with a regional component, regional geographic information that affects the most diverse aspects of the life of the country of the target language, its history, literature, science, art, as well as traditions, customs and customs are distinguished. The linguistic and cultural aspect contributes to the enrichment of the subject-content plan, therefore the authors focus on achieving high-quality results in teaching a foreign language, using the methods of real access to a different culture and its carriers. Аnalysis of linguistic material with high regional and communicative value, significance for the process of teaching a foreign language. Since the main goal of teaching a foreign language is the development of the student's personality in inseparable connection with the teaching of the culture of the country of the target language, contributing to the desire to participate in intercultural communication and to improve independently in the activity being mastered, to use in the learning process the material on the basis of which knowledge about realities, morals, customs is formed, the traditions of the country of the studied language, knowledge and skills of communicative behavior in acts of verbal communication, skills and abilities of verbal and non-verbal behavior, which is included in the content of the national culture. The study used a descriptive method, analysis and synthesis methods. Linguistic and cultural competence of students, the effectiveness of its formation depends on the level of language proficiency. In the educational process, an important element is the activation of the introduction of linguistic and regional realities, since while studying a foreign language, the student gets acquainted with the worldview of a native speaker, which underlies the language code of this language. The authors emphasize that linguistic and regional materials help students to understand the values of the culture of the country of the target language, to develope intercultural competences in the study of a foreign language. The formation of a country- oriented methodology for teaching a foreign language, involving increased attention to the national-cultural semantics of the studied vocabulary and the study of linguistic and cultural texts, provides language acquisition in close connection with a foreign language culture, which includes a variety of cognitive information about history, literature, architecture, life, image life and traditions of the country of the target language.
Evaluation of regional competitiveness in economic conditions of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Bekniyazova D. , Caurkubule Zh. ,   Baltic International Academy, Latvia
Published: June 2021

Main problem: Issues of evaluating regional competitiveness, search for competitive territories’ advantages, especially by improving human resources’ quality, remain insufficiently studied. In this regard, in article it is presented existing models for evaluating regional competitiveness in Kazakhstan economy. In addition, in article authors carried out regional classification according to analysis of main socio-economic indicators of Kazakhstan regions, originating in Concept of regional policy. Authors calculated main indicators of Kazakhstan regions’ competitiveness with aim of determining level of region’s competitiveness in comparative perspective. Purpose: Purpose of the research is comparative analysis and evaluation of the competitiveness of Kazakhstan’s regions in modern conditions. Methods: The article uses rating model for evaluating competitiveness of Kazakhstan’s regions based on indices, developed by Agency for research on investment profitability, operating at National chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan (rating of competitiveness of Kazakhstan’s regions). Results and their value: Value of the paper considered in that classification of regions is carried out according to analysis of main socio-economic indicators of Kazakhstan regions, which originates in Concept of regional policy. The authors also calculated main indicators of competitiveness index of Kazakhstan regions according to National chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan in order to determine the specifics of regions and identify directions for developing regional strategies. Based on results of the study, analysis was carried out that allowed to reveal strengths and weaknesses of regions of Kazakhstan. It is emphasized that a high level of regional competitiveness cannot be achieved without development of human resources and their rational use. In general, directions of regional policy are determined by chosen development scenario. The approach proposed by authors to methodology for evaluating regional competitiveness has a number of advantages - it reflects the specifics of regions, allows seeing the nearest competitors and determining directions of the region’s development strategy.
Accounting information when calculating the cost of production of an industrial enterprise as an element of cost management
Authors:   Omsk state University of railway transport, Kuvaldina T. , Zhaltyrova O. ,   Innovative University of Eurasia
Published: June 2021

The data of calculating the actual cost of production are widely used in production management at industrial enterprises, to monitor compliance with the standard cost of production adopted by the enterprise, to identify ways to optimize labor costs and material resources. The level of cost depends on the activity of an industrial enterprise in a market economy: the amount of profitability, the economic efficiency of its activities. The choice of the method of cost accounting and calculating the cost of production depends on the specifics of the technology and organization of production, as well as the requirements of the efficiency of enterprise management. Studying the formation of accounting information when calculating the cost of production by type of product, comparing the level of costs with the revenue received makes it possible to determine the economic efficiency of production. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of forming accounting information when calculating the cost of production for making decisions to reduce costs. The implementation of the research goal is facilitated by the use of methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, and graphical method for visualizing the results obtained. When considering the cost calculation, attention is paid to the fact that in market conditions there is a need for detailed cost accounting and calculation of the cost of production. If we take into account that in market conditions, prices for products are formed as demand increases, and demand is influenced by external factors, then we can only influence the costs based on the cost calculation. The basis for making effective management decisions will depend on how reliable and to what extent the accounting information is formed. Costs are the main constraint on the profit of industrial enterprises, since the main strategic goal of any enterprise is the mechanism for increasing profits. The ability to achieve this goal is limited by the following internal factors: the complexity of the cost grouping, technological processes, and the impact on product quality. It is necessary to improve the information system, which is based on the data of primary documents, document flow and the order of cost grouping. The proposed measures will contribute to strengthening the control function of the management and, as a result, effective cost management.
Application of intelligent transport systems on the roads of Кazakhstan
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University, Zhailaubekov M. , Zhailaubek E. ,   Karaganda Technical University
Published: June 2021

The progress of work on the creation of an "intelligent transport system" in Kazakhstan, the development and modernization of the road industry will be reported. The economic and social effectiveness of several transport corridors and new projects were analyzed. Transport corridors of foreign countries, methods of providing logistics services were presented. In his address, the head of state paid special attention to the issues of digitalization of all spheres of life of the population, including the transport sector of Kazakhstan. Currently, the Ministry of investment and development of the Republic of Kazakhstan is working on the creation of an "intelligent transport system" within the framework of the state program «Digital Kazakhstan» (ITS). ITS goal is to systematically integrate transport infrastructure, transport devices and users with modern information and communication technologies aimed at improving the safety and efficiency of the transport process. The concept will include 11 components in ITS. One of them is a special automated measuring instruments (UAVs), which are installed in the main automobile corridors. This device is designed to measure moving vehicles without contact and eliminate unjustified stops. This year, it is planned to put into operation 10 units of RSPP, and by 2020 it is planned to increase their number to 46 units. It is also planned to introduce a traffic management system that will inform drivers about the situation on the roads, a system for forecasting and analyzing climatic conditions, which is carried out through a network of weather stations along the roads, a network of video monitoring and special video cameras for detecting traffic violations, toll road systems that cover the cost of maintenance of the national road network, etc. They will be introduced in stages until 2021. The implementation of this project will reduce road deaths, increase the volume of transit traffic and the speed of logistics services, fully cover the main highways with measuring instruments and create favorable conditions for drivers on the roads. Such systems are already operating in South Korea, Japan, Australia, Europe and the United States.
Year 2020. World Toxic Risk for Environmental and Human Tissue Pollution: Prevention, Therapy and Importance of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Collaboration Inside Thermal and Rehabilitation Centers
Authors: Pantaleoni Giancarlo
Published: June 2021

This work is finalized at preventing toxic damage from associated pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. As a “finalization” of this paper, we have pointed, today Year 2020, in full toxic Risk, and also at the Risk of Pandemic from COVID 19, the duty to introduce in every hospital and also in some particulars Rehabilitation Centers and/or in some special thermal Place of the Planet, together with the presence of the Doctors Specialists in Medicine and/or in Rehabilitation and Balneology, also the Doctors Specialists in Clinical Pharmacology. These Medical Doctors, Clinical Pharmacologist, by definition, are expert in the global study of “Pharmacological and toxicological drug and non drug Interactions”. We must today, also to consider that there is a “Universal Law of Collaboration DNA dependent”, highlighted by us through ours Studies of Behavioral teratogenesis. For this last problem we have pointed out the very important scientific discoveries of our prof. Vittorio Erspamer of the Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”. Vittorio Erspamer has given, a big contribution to the knowledge of “intercellular communications”, and therefore to the confirmation of the “Law of cellular and organismic collaboration”, with the discovery of Serotonin (Enteramine) and then of numerous other neuro mediators and peptide neuro modulators (the peptide triangle). today we are in danger of Global toxic Damage. Environmental damage to nature and the population can be prevented and fought with a Periodic Family Detoxification (P.F.D.) to be implemented, in different ways and with International Collaboration. the thermal Centers are therefore, a physiological, and harmonic phylogenetic privileged places. We must point also, the Italian School of Hydroclimatology and thermalism of Rome University, for the first work on International Classification of the Mineral Wathers of the world of Prof. Mariano Messini and Giulio
Claudio di Lollo.
Notas sobre os antecedentes da gestão metropolitana na RM do Vale do Rio Cuiabá : o processo de contratação, elaboração e implementação dos PDUIs, contemplando as soluções de governança do plano, a definição dos instrumentos, os arranjos de gestão e a solução de conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo : componente B : relatório de pesquisa
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: June 2021

A Região Metropolitana (RM) do Vale do Rio Cuiabá, no estado de Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste do Brasil, encontra-se instituída como figura de planejamento e gestão governamental pela Lei Complementar Estadual (LCE) n° 359, de 27 de maio de 2009.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ANTISIPATIVE MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ENTERPRISE
Authors: Shtangret Andriy , Topalova Elzara , Polovcev Oleg , Chornenka Olena , Musiyovskyi Andriy
Published: June 2021

Operating in an unstable market economy environment, enterprises can achieve success in business, provided that a system of economic security is created, focused on predicting possible changes in the internal and external environment using measures. As the speed of changes in the external environment increases, it becomes more and more difficult to predict with a sufficient degree of accuracy the nature of changes, which would allow security actors to respond to them in a timely manner and with the most rational use of available resources. Early identification of a possible change in the level of economic security of an enterprise increases the reaction time to it. However, with the increase in the frequency of possible sudden changes, the degree of their predictability decreases. This means that until the moment of obtaining information sufficient for thoughtful measures, there is a shortage of time for their implementation, which can lead to the realisation of a certain threat in the form of losses or lead to the loss of a profitable economic opportunity. The main purpose of the article is to consider the essence of weak signals, to characterise the process of identifying weak signals, to formulate methodological foundations for the use of antisipative management, to determine the differences between antisipative management and adaptive and anti-crisis management in relation to the process of ensuring the economic security of an enterprise.
Continued Radio Observations of GW170817 3.5 yr Post-merger
Authors: Balasubramanian Arvind , Corsi Alessandra , Mooley Kunal P. , Brightman Murray , Hallinan Gregg , Hotokezaka Kenta , Kaplan David L. , Lazzati Davide , Murphy Eric J.
Published: June 2021

We present new radio observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 carried out with the Karl G. Jansky Very large Array (VLA) more than 3 yr after the merger. Our combined data set is derived by coadding more than ≈32 hr of VLA time on-source, and as such provides the deepest combined observation (rms sensitivity ≈0.99 μJy) of the GW170817 field obtained to date at 3 GHz. We find no evidence for a late-time radio rebrightening at a mean epoch of t ≈ 1200 days since merger, in contrast to a ≈2.1σ excess observed at X-ray wavelengths at the same mean epoch. Our measurements agree with expectations from the post-peak decay of the radio afterglow of the GW170817 structured jet. Using these results, we constrain the parameter space of models that predict a late-time radio rebrightening possibly arising from the high-velocity tail of the GW170817 kilonova ejecta, which would dominate the radio and X-ray emission years after the merger (once the structured jet afterglow fades below detection level). Our results point to a steep energy-speed distribution of the kilonova ejecta (with energy-velocity power-law index α ≳ 5). We suggest possible implications of our radio analysis, when combined with the recent tentative evidence for a late-time rebrightening in the X-rays, and highlight the need for continued radio-to-X-ray monitoring to test different scenarios.
Cytotoxicity of actinomycetes associated with the ascidian Eudistoma vannamei (Millar, 1977), endemic of northeastern coast of Brazil
Authors: Jimenez Paula C. , Ferreira Elthon G. , Araújo Luana A. , Guimarães Larissa A. , Sousa Thiciana S. , Pessoa Otília Deusdenia L. , Lotufo Tito M. C. , Costa-Lotufo Letícia V.
Published: June 2021

Previous studies demonstrated that the crude extract of the ascidian Eudistoma vannamei, endemic from northeasttern Brazil, strongly hinders growth of tumor cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis due to tryptophan derivatives, which are commonly found in bacteria. This study presents a bioactivity-guided screening among actinomycetes, associated with E. vannamei, aiming at recognizing active principles with biological relevance. Twenty strains of actinomycetes, designated as EVA 0101 through 0120, were isolated from colonies of E. vannamei among which 11 were selected for cytotoxicity evaluation. The extracts from EVA 0102, 0103, 0106, 0109 and 0113 were the most active, and were further studied for IC50 determination and chemical analysis by 1H NMR. IC50 values obtained ranged from 3.62 µg mL-1 (for EVA 0109 in leukemia cells) to 84.65 µg/mL (for EVA 0106 in melanoma cells). All active extracts exhibited the same TLC and spectroscopic profiles, suggesting the presence of quinones and other related secondary metabolites. Furthermore, these strains were identified and compared based on their respective 16S rRNA sequences. The results herein identified the five strains as Micromonospora spp. while phylogenetic analysis suggests that they are possibly two different Micromonospora species producing the cytotoxic compounds.
Oceanic data assimilation study in northern Chile: use of a 3DVAR method
Authors: Sepúlveda Héctor H. , Marchesiello Patrick , Li Zhijin
Published: June 2021

We report the use of a 3-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation method as part of a numerical model off northern Chile. The numerical model is part of an ocean forecasting project that aims to understand the impact of environmental variability on the distribution of biological species in the area. We assimilated data from a simulated ocean observing system to recover a known state, obtaining a significantly smaller error when compared to a numerical run with no assimilation. Our results validate the computational implementation of the code, and allow us to evaluate the impact of the choice of data in the assimilation process: the assimilation of sea surface height being particularly important. We note that the assimilation of surface data propagates properly to greater depths and reduces the error with reference to the known state. This was possible by using covariance error matrices calculated previously for the California coastal area. The implementation of the data assimilation module is relatively simple and permits its use in operational forecasting systems, and for the design and evaluation of future ocean observational systems.
Importance of biogenic substrates for the stone crab Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 (Brachyura: Eriphioidea)
Authors: Fernandes Rodrigues-Alves Douglas , De Paiva Barros-Alves Samara , Fransozo Vivian , Bertini Giovana , Cobo Valter José
Published: June 2021

In order to better understand the ecology of the different growth phases of the stone crab, Menippe nodifrons, and provide information for conservation of the natural stocks, this study describes the utilization of different biogenic substrates by this species in the intertidal zone. Sampling was carried out by hand at Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Crabs were captured among rocks or in association with three different biogenic substrates: Phragmatopoma lapidosa, Sargassum cymosum and Schizoporella unicornis. In the laboratory, the substrates were sorted and scanned for specimens of M. nodifrons, which were separated and measured at their maximum carapace width (CW), and classified as juvenile or adult specimens. Sex ratio and size distribution of crabs were analyzed for each of the substrate types. A total of 686 specimens of M. nodifrons were obtained during the sampling, ranging in size between 2.4 and 82.5 mm CW. Different mean sizes were recorded in the different substrates (P < 0.05). The high prevalence of juveniles in the samples suggests that these microhabitats are fundamental for the juvenile development of M. nodifrons, as they provide refuge, protection and probably food for juveniles.