bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cidade e o Campo. Cristianização de uma antinomia clássica
Authors: Rebelo António Manuel Ribeiro
Published: November 2015

O A. explora a diferença entre a cidade e o campo na literatura latina da Antiguidade para depois expor as estratégias usadas pelo Cristianismo na difusão da Boa Nova entre as várias camadas da população. Estas diferenças tiveram implicações importantes nos conceitos, ideais e valores morais que levaram à criação de novos vocábulos, significados e conotações de palavras, em latim e nas línguas modernas, que se difundiram ao longo dos séculos até aos dias de hoje.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-1718_67_5
Investigation of gifted students mathematics and physics achievements in terms of different variables
Authors: Mecek Saniye , Taşlıdere Erdal
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 7th and 8th grade gifted students' academic achievements in mathematics and physics differ in terms of age, gender, grade level and number of siblings. Survey research method was used and 339 students, attending Science and Art Centers from 27 province, formed the sample of study. Mathematics and physics achievement tests and a demographic survey scale were developed by the researchers to measure and collect information about students' achievements and demographics properties. The validity and reliability evidences were established. The results denoted that there was a significant difference between students' collective dependent variables of mathematics and physics in terms of grade level and gender at the .05 significance level. But no significant differences were found for the gender and the number of sibling. Moreover 8th grade students' achievement in both physics and mathematics were significantly greater than those of 7th grade students. The results also denoted that students' mathematics and physics achievements differ significantly in terms of age. Although mathematics achievement increases with respect to age level, the same relation was not detected for the physics achievement. It is thought that the results of current study would contribute to the literature for the gifted students who comprised approximately 2% of the society.
The effectiveness of the teacher training program
Authors: Durmuşçelebi Mustafa
Published: November 2015

Although it has a long history teacher training subject in Turkey could not somehow have gotten the desired quality. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of the Pedagogical Formation Education Program carried out at the Erciyes University, Faculty of Education in the 2014-2015 academic year. In this study prepared in order to determine the effectiveness of pedagogical formation program, descriptive and experimental models have been used together. The preliminary test-final test have been applied in order to determine the program's academic success and to determine the contributions that the program provides opinions of the students have been taken through the survey method. The universe of the study consists of the students participating into the Pedagogical Formation Program carried out at the Erciyes University, Faculty of Education. The results obtained from the study and the literature show that there is an incompatibility among the students, academic staff and the program in terms of teacher training. The teachers do not even believe in the necessity of the program. Under such conditions the teaching profession needs to be defined again. All parties concerned with the case. Leaving aside all their political concerns and political disputes should come together and firstly reforms should be done in accordance with the conditions of the country and science in the teacher training system itself, in determining the teacher training institutes, in making clear the status of teacher, and in the teacher training programs.
Synergistic health effects between chemical pollutants and electromagnetic fields
Authors: Ledoigt Gérard , Sta Chaima , Goujon Eric , Souguir Dalila , El Ferjani Ezzeddine
Published: November 2015

Humans and ecosystems are exposed to highly variable and unknown cocktail of chemicals and radiations. Although individual chemicals are typically present at low concentrations, they can interact with each other resulting in additive or potentially synergistic mixture effects. This was also observed with products obtained by radiation actions such as sunlight or electromagnetic fields that can change the effects of chemicals, such as pesticides, and metal trace elements on health. Concomitant presence of various pesticides and their transformation products adds further complexity to chemical risk assessment since chronic inflammation is a key step for cancer promotion. Degradation of a parent molecule can produce several by-products which can trigger various toxic effects with different impacts on health and environment. For instance, the cocktail of sunlight irradiated sulcotrione pesticide has a greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than parent molecule, sulcotrione, and questions about the impact of photochemical process on environment. Adjuvants were shown to modify the biological features of pesticides. Addition of other elements, metals or biological products, can differently enhance cell toxicity of pesticides or electromagnetic radiations suggesting a synergy in living organisms. Electromagnetic fields spreading, pesticide by-products and mixtures monitoring become greater for environmental contamination evaluations.
El origen exaptativo de los clíticos pronominales
Authors: San Segundo Cachero Rosabel
Published: November 2015

Los clíticos pronominales del español actual y sus particularidades sintácticas son el resultado de diversos cambios gramaticales que se han sucedido desde el latín y han provocado diversos procesos de reajuste que responden a la necesidad de satisfacer los requisitos formales que imponen los sistemas cognitivos que integran la Facultad del Lenguaje. Por su naturaleza estructural y su inespecificidad funcional, los clíticos pueden conceptualizarse como una exaptación, es decir, como una novedad evolutiva cuya emergencia es efecto colateral de la estructura interna de la gramática, que ha sufrido modificaciones en diversos aspectos como el sistema pronominal, el orden de constituyentes oracionales y la interpretación de las cláusulas de infinitivo.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1214
Biolingüística: fronteras y síntesis
Authors: Lorenzo González Guillermo
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo defiende que la especificidad de la biolingüística como (sub)disciplina académica no viene dada por la especificidad de su objeto, que comparte con la lingüística, sino por la del tipo de manipulaciones teóricas a que debe someterlo para acomodarlo a los intereses que comparte con la biología. Defiende además que, a tal efecto, debe caracterizarse por una gran capacidad de síntesis interdisciplinar, que se ilustra con el caso particular de la resolución del problema de la continuidad.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/verba.42.1680
Testing for Ancient Selection Using Cross-population Allele Frequency Differentiation
Authors: Racimo Fernando
Published: November 2015

A powerful way to detect selection in a population is by modeling local allele frequency changes in a particular region of the genome under scenarios of selection and neutrality and finding which model is most compatible with the data. A previous method based on a cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) uses an outgroup population to detect departures from neutrality that could be compatible with hard or soft sweeps, at linked sites near a beneficial allele. However, this method is most sensitive to recent selection and may miss selective events that happened a long time ago. To overcome this, we developed an extension of XP-CLR that jointly models the behavior of a selected allele in a three-population tree. Our method - called “3-population composite likelihood ratio” (3P-CLR) - outperforms XP-CLR when testing for selection that occurred before two populations split from each other and can distinguish between those events and events that occurred specifically in each of the populations after the split. We applied our new test to population genomic data from the 1000 Genomes Project, to search for selective sweeps that occurred before the split of Yoruba and Eurasians, but after their split from Neanderthals, and that could have led to the spread of modern-human-specific phenotypes. We also searched for sweep events that occurred in East Asians, Europeans, and the ancestors of both populations, after their split from Yoruba. In both cases, we are able to confirm a number of regions identified by previous methods and find several new candidates for selection in recent and ancient times. For some of these, we also find suggestive functional mutations that may have driven the selective events.
Stochastic Resonance Effects on Apnea, Bradycardia, and Oxygenation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Smith Vincent C. , Kelty-Stephen Damian , Qureshi Ahmad Mona , Mao Wenyang , Cakert Kelly , Osborne John , Paydarfar David
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effect of stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation on preterm infant oxygen desaturation, bradycardia, and apnea events. We hypothesized that SR stimulation will reduce these events.

METHODS:

This was a randomized crossover study conducted from April 2012 to July 2014. Eligible preterm infants were not receiving ventilation support and had at least 1 clinically documented apnea, bradycardia, and/or oxygen desaturation event. The 3 outcome variables were as follows: oxygen desaturation, bradycardia, and apnea events. Infants received up to two 3- or 4-hour intervention periods of 30-minute alternating intervals of SR stimulation and no SR stimulation. The first intervention period was randomly assigned to begin with SR stimulation either on or off, whereas the next intervention period automatically began with the opposite on/off state. We compared the SR stimulation “on” periods with the SR stimulation “off” periods with each infant serving as his or her own control.

RESULTS:

The sample consisted of 36 infants with a mean (±SD) gestational age of 30.5 ± 3 weeks and a birth weight of 1409 ± 450 g. SR stimulation decreased the number of apneic events by 50%. SR stimulation ameliorated every aspect of clinically significant oxygen desaturation events, with a 20% to 35% decrease in the number, duration, and intensity of oxygen desaturation events when SR stimulation was on. Also, SR stimulation produced a nearly 20% reduction in the intensity of bradycardia events.

CONCLUSIONS:

SR stimulation may be a noninvasive and nonpharmacologic treatment option for apnea, oxygen desaturation, and some aspects of bradycardia in premature infants.
A posztoperatív keringésváltozások jelentősége a májsebészetben
Authors: Koós Olivér , Kovács Tibor , Fülöp András , Pekli Damján , Ónody Péter , Lukovich Péter , Harsányi László , Kupcsulik Péter , Hahn Oszkár , Szijártó Attila
Published: November 2015

There are two afferent (hepatic artery, portal vein) and one efferent (hepatic veins) systems responsible for the unique circulation of the liver. Given this special form of vasculature, acute, isolated (i.e. involving selectively one particular vessel) vascular occlusions may lead to different, however still life threatening conditions. Hence, it is essential to recognize these anomalies in order to preserve the healthy state of both the liver and the patient’s lives. Acute circulatory failures are dominantly associated with liver surgery. Adequate therapy can only be provided promptly, if the clinician is well aware of the peculiarities of these conditions. The aim of this study is to overview the etiology and symptoms of these clinical conditions; furthermore to offer technical proposals for the required diagnostic and therapeutical steps via case reports. Furthermore, hepatic injury, caused by ischemia-reperfusion secondary to total vascular occlusion (Pringle maneuver) used in hepatic surgery is outlined. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(48), 1938–1948.
Adaptív klinikai vizsgálati technikák a gyógyszerfejlesztésben
Authors: Antal János
Published: November 2015

The evolution of drug development in human, clinical phase studies triggers the overview of those technologies and procedures which are labelled as adaptive clinical trials. The most relevant procedural and operational aspects will be discussed in this overview from points of view of clinico-methodological aspect. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(48), 1949–1955.
Alkalmas-e a vizelet neutrofil gelatináz asszociálta lipokalin meghatározása a rejekció előrejelzésére veseátültetés után?
Authors: Telkes Gábor , Dallos Gábor , Varga Marina
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Delayed graft function and acute rejection have negative impact on graft survival. Aim: To asses the predictive value of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, which has been found to be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Method: In this prospective study urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels of 27 kidney recipients were measured. Results: Patients were grouped as follows: group 1, no complication; group 2, rejection; group 3, delayed graft function requiring dialysis; group 4, rejection plus delayed graft function. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2, and between groups 3 and 4. Patients in groups 3 and 4 had significantly higher urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels as compared to those in groups 3 and 4. There was a paralIel change in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: In these patients urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels failed to provide useful information in both cases of normal and impaired function. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(48), 1956–1959.
Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia
Authors: Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran , Daud Siti Hajjar Muhamad , Azhar Mohd-Isham , Sah Shahrul Anuar Mohd , Mokhtar Seri Intan , Abdullah Mohd Tajuddin
Published: November 2015

A series of surveys in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis were carried out since 2009 to 2011 to document the diversity of mammals. Two sampling stations; 1) the Wang Burma cave trail and 2) the Orchard leading to Tasik Meranti were sampled for small mammals using mist-nets, harp traps, cage traps and were accounted through direct observation. The highlight of this study includes new geographic records for Rhinolophus chiewkweeae and Rousettus leschenaultii for the state of Perlis. Additionally, there were also 30 new distributional records of mammals in this protected area, increasing the total known mammals of Wang Kelian State Park to 86 species. Although having poorly known mammals such as R. chiewkweeae and Macaca arctoides in this park, the diversity of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park is still underestimated as the species cumulative curve over time has yet to reach a stationary phase. In conclusion more surveys need to be done especially the northern part of the park near the Malaysia-Thailand border and Tasik Meranti in order to look at possible occurrences of threatened mammals highlighted in this study.
Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Mata do Paraíso research station, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Maria Clara do , Stumpp Rodolfo , Lessa Gisele
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to document the records of bat species collected at the Estação de Pesquisa Treinamento e Educação Ambiental (EPTEA) da Mata do Paraíso, a small fragment of Atlantic Rainforest of 200 ha in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Original data was obtained by capture sessions with mist nets from November 2007 to October 2008, and complemented with material from the collection database of Museu de Zoologia João Moojen, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. We found a total of 17 bat species distributed in five families at the EPTEA Mata do Paraíso.
The stream fish fauna from the rio Machado basin, Rondônia State, Brazil
Authors: Casatti Lilian , Pérez-Mayorga María Angélica , Carvalho Fernando Rogério , Brejão Gabriel Lourenço , Da Costa Igor David
Published: November 2015

The rio Machado (also known as Ji-Paraná) is a tributary of the rio Madeira in the Amazon basin. Currently, the rio Madeira contains the greatest fish species richness of the world, with approximately 1,000 species. The present study presents the fish inventory from streams of the rio Machado basin. In total, 75 stream reaches, 80 meter-length, randomly selected, were sampled in 2011 (August to October) and 2012 (June to July). Overall, 22,875 fish in eight orders, 32 families, 89 genera, and 140 species were collected. Richness estimators indicate that almost 90% of the expected richness was registered. The great majority of specimens (52.2%) was represented by small sized piabas such as Serrapinnus aff. notomelas, Moenkhausia collettii, Serrapinnus microdon, and Hemigrammus melanochrous. Of the total richness, 25 species were restricted to 9°00’ S and 10°00’ S; among them, 14 were exclusive to the lower portion of the basin, which exhibits the larger proportion of native vegetation covering.
New records of Limnonectes rhacodus (Inger, Boeadi and Taufik, 1996) (Lissamphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Northwestern Borneo)
Authors: Min Pui Yong , Das Indraneil , Haas Alexander
Published: November 2015

We comment on the termination of the species nomen of Limnonectes rhacodus (originally described as Rana rhacoda) and report the species from two separate localities in Sarawak State, East Malaysia, based on individuals collected from Kubah National Park, Matang Range and Gunung Penrissen, Padawan, both in western Borneo. The species was previously known from central, western, and southern Kalimantan, Indonesia. These records are the first for Malaysia and extend the distribution range ca. 220 and 264 km northwest of the nearest locality of Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park (West Kalimatan) and increase the species’ elevational range from 500 m to 1,120 m asl.
Criteria of effectiveness of students’ physical education system in higher educational establishments
Authors: Anikieiev D.M.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to work out criteria, permitting assessment of physical education in higher educational establishments. Material: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific methodic literature and documents; method of experts’ assessments. As experts, 26 professors and associate Professors of higher educational establishments of different profile were invited (13 doctors of science and 13 candidates of science). Results: we have generalized the data about effectiveness criteria of physical education, present in program normative documents. We have presented criteria, permitting to quantitatively assess the correspondence of physical education, in higher educational establishments, results to its purposes and tasks. Conclusions: the most acceptable method of physical education quality control is regular monitoring of indicators of students’ physical condition. Individual target of every student shall be indicators of academic trainings’ quality. Analysis of optional lessons’ attendance is also very important indicators of quality of students’ physical condition.
Application of real-methodic for mastering arm wrestling techniques
Authors: Bezkorovainyi D.O.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to substantiate application of REAL-methodic for training of students-sportsmen at initial stage of arm wrestling. Material: in the research 25 1 st and 2 nd year students participated. The students attended 3 trainings every week. Each training session lasted 2 hours. REAL-methodic was used at initial stage of training at the beginning of the first semester and after one month of trainings. The research took two months (September - October 2015). At each training session REAL-methodic used three times: in first part (warming up); in second (main) - in rest pauses for understanding of discipline; in third part (final) for recreation and relaxation. Results: 23 from 25 students-sportsmen accurately fulfilled two main arm wrestling techniques: attack over top and attack in hook; two sportsmen made little mistakes in attacking techniques. It was found that effectiveness of this methodic application to large extent depends on students’ motivation, on comfort condition of their nervous system; on presence of mutual trust and positive micro-climate in students’ group. Conclusions: application of REAL-methodic at initial stage of students-sportsmen’s training accelerated perception of training technologies and arm wrestling techniques, shortened period of techniques’ mastering, permitted to quicker pass to preparatory period of sport training basic stage.
The concept of structure and content of health related trainings for higher educational establishments’ students
Authors: Kopylov Yu.A. , Jackowska L.N. , Kudryavtsev M.D. , Kuzmin V.A. , Tolstopyatov I.A. , Iermakov S. S.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: analysis of modern directions of physical culture education scientific and practical problems’ solution in higher educational establishment of health related orientation. Material: analysis of publications in scientific journals. Results: we have shown significance of student’s physical functioning as the basis of his motor, coordination and mental qualities’ development. Main difficulties of existing physical education practice have been cleared up. It has been found that prevailing training of physical qualities at physical culture classes does not solve the problem of students’ health strengthening. Ways to application of additional health related physical culture trainings have been shown. Transition to such trainings opens opportunities for creation a new concept, permits to effectively and relatively quickly implement its main ideas and principles in practice of HEE education. Conclusions: content of additional (health related) physical culture training envisages prevailing orientation on health related, general developing and sport-recreational tasks. With it first attention shall be paid to formation of physical, psychic and social-moral health as well as to personality-oriented approach in system of individual choice of physical culture means.
Effectiveness of folk games’ application in formation of pedagogic specialties girl students’ value orientations on physical culture
Authors: Mayevsky M.I.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to determine effectiveness of structurally meaningful model of formation of girl students’ value orientations on physical culture. Material: in the research control group (28 girl students) and experimental group (30 girl students) participated. We used sociological questioning, testing of physical and theoretical fitness. Results: It was found that combination of four blocks (theoretical, methodic, practical and managerial) is optimal for technology of model realization. It ensures impact on physical and spiritual-intellectual sides of girl students. Conclusions: it is recommended to practice active immersion in folk traditions and customs of Ukraine with girl students. It permits to form girls’ psychological and social readiness for conducting of cultural measures. Motor activity in personal and future professional functioning makes elements of such measures.
Results of experimental testing of hee girl students’ motor skills at aerobic trainings
Authors: Martinova N. P.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: to analyze dynamic of motor skills’ formation in girl students, who practice aerobic by experimental program. Material: in the research 40 girl students participated. Motor skills level was tested with the help of state and additional tests. Results: it was found that for training quickness it is necessary to use rope skipping in mode, corresponding to development of this quality. For training maximal strength it is purposeful to use more complex power exercises in ground part of the complex. Conclusions: implementation of rope skipping means in dance aerobic trainings increases training influence on practically all motor skills. Rope skipping permits to doze and regulate training load. The same under musical accompaniment develop sense of rhythm. In some modes such jumps facilitate training of speed power qualities and power endurance.
Lack of Understanding of Cervical Cancer and Screening Is the Leading Barrier to Screening Uptake in Women at Midlife in Bangladesh: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Islam Rakibul M. , Bell Robin J. , Billah Baki , Hossain Mohammad B. , Davis Susan R.
Published: November 2015

Background.

Cervical cancer (CCa) is the second most common cancer among women in Bangladesh. The uptake of CCa screening was less than 10% in areas where screening has been offered, so we investigated the awareness of CCa and CCa screening, and factors associated with women's preparedness to be screened.

Methods.

A nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of women aged 30–59 years was conducted in 7 districts of the 7 divisions in Bangladesh, using a multistage cluster sampling technique. Factors associated with the awareness of CCa and screening uptake were investigated separately, using multivariable logistic regression.

Results.

On systematic questioning, 81.3% and 48.6% of the 1,590 participants, whose mean age was 42.3 (±8.0) years, had ever heard of CCa and CCa screening, respectively. Having heard of CCa was associated with living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.67), being 40–49 years old (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.15–2.0), having no education (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.16–0.38), and being obese (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.23–3.36). Of the 773 women who had ever heard of CCa screening, 86% reported that they had not been screened because they had no symptoms and 37% did not know screening was needed. Only 8.3% had ever been screened. Having been screened was associated with being 40–49 years old (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.19–3.94) and employed outside the home (OR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.65–8.9), and inversely associated with rural dwelling (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30–0.98) and having no education (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10–0.85).

Conclusion.

Lack of awareness of CCa and of understanding of the concept of screening are the key barriers to screening uptake in women at midlife in Bangladesh. Targeted educational health programs are needed to increase screening in Bangladesh with the view to reducing mortality.
Alan Sartorelli: A Personal Remembrance
Authors: Bertino Joseph R.
Published: November 2015

Dr. Alan Sartorelli, who died on April 30, 2015, at the age of 84, was a major figure in cancer pharmacology and cancer drug development.
Perícia Odontológica em Âmbito Trabalhista – Relato de Caso
Authors: Cristiane Escudeiro dos Santos
Published: November 2015

O trabalhador na prática de sua atividade está sujeito a riscos e acidentes que podem afetar a sua saúde. Dependendo de sua atividade esses riscos ou acidentes podem afetar o sistema estomatognático. No trabalho em questão apresentamos um relato de caso, no qual o indivíduo sofreu um acidente trazendo consequências para sua cavidade oral, como perdas dentárias. No momento da perícia foi identificado que o estado anterior do individuo já apresentava uma doença periodontal severa. O papel do perito odontolegista é fundamental no estabelecimento do nexo de causalidade para que se observe a real causa do fato alegado.
CFD Modeling and Modification of Cleanroom Design to Achieve ISO Class 6 Performance
Authors: Morrison Richard H , Hodges Bradley K
Published: November 2015

The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Microfabrication Lab, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was commissioned in November 2012. The design and construction of this lab was discussed in a previous paper.[1] The laboratory comprises an area of 700.1 m2 (7545 ft2) under filter with 280 m2 (3014 ft2) of clean chase space, divided into 11 distinct cleanrooms. This paper focuses on the design and operation of one ISO Class 6 [2] cleanroom (3335) used for wet processing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and multichip modules (MCM). The initial design criteria are discussed, along with installation of the tools and the non-compliance of ISO Class 6 particle counts. Based on these results, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling software was employed to study the airflow in the room and modify the airflow to be compliant with ISO Class 6 standards.
THE HEALING GARDENS AND PARKS OF SENSES
Authors: Balode Linda
Published: November 2015

Health gardens therapy is a relatively new discipline of landscape science of which many fields of research are still undiscovered. While researching the international scientific literature the more underlying theories of the health gardens need to be considered as well. In Latvia the development of senses gardens has not been enough explored. Purpose: Based on the international sensation, treatment and therapy garden studies establish perspectives for sustainable development of therapy gardens in Latvia. Materials and Methods: Summarize literature on the impact of the Latvian rehabilitation centre and medical treatment worldwide on people as well as to study information used in the Latvian statistical data bases, historical papers, scientific research literature, publications, documents, and electronic resources analysis. To explore health and rehabilitation garden sustainable development and to create new opportunities to improve their residents’ mental health. Such garden visits not only develop feelings and senses of a small child or a teenage, but also enable residents of any age with various disabilities to spend their free time interactively. Perhaps such gardens make it possible to build self-confidence in people and underpin their social inclusion.
THE ROLE OF SUCCESSOR IN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN POLISH FAMILY FARMS
Authors: Bereżnicka Joanna
Published: November 2015

The aim of this work was to study the behaviour of farmers both with and without successors, within the scope of achieving economic profits and investment implementation. It was acknowledged that these two elements are the markers of capital accumulation in family farms. The research was conducted between the years 2004-2011 on a group of farmers aged over 50. Logit models showed that having a successor did not prejudge the ability to make an economic profit, but did however influence the farms’ investment level.
THE FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES OF LATGALE PLANNING REGION DURING THE PERIOD OF THE YEARS 2006 – 2011
Authors: Garanča Biruta
Published: November 2015

There has been carried out the analysis of the financial situation of the commercial activities of Latgale planning region in comparison with the financial situation in Latvia in general during the period of the years 2006 – 2011. The analysis was based on the methodology of the analysis of finance worked out by the author, which in comparison with the traditional methods has been supplemented with the indexes of financial lever impact, and which included the analysis of the factors having impact on profitability. There have been calculated the numerical expression of factors, which had impact on the commercial, economic and financial profitability of the commercial activities of Latgale. As a result of the analysis the chief problems for the improvement of the commercial situation in Latgale have been identified.
ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL INDEXES OF THE COMMERCIAL COMPANY AND THE FACTORS EXERTING INFLUENCE ON IT AND ITS COHERENCE
Authors: Garanča Biruta
Published: November 2015

The analysis of the chief financial indexes (profitability, assets turnover, the capital structures and liquidities) has been supplemented with indexes of the effect of the profitability of the basic activity and the financial lever impact and the factors resulting from them, which exert influence on commercial and financial profitability. The impact of the factors upon commercial, economic and financial profitability is expressed in percentage and percentage points. By arranging the indexes of the financial analysis and the factors influencing them in certain coherence, one can clearly evaluate the impact of the factors upon the profitability indexes.
THE INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCE OF THE BORDER CONTROL OF THE AIRSPACE OF LATVIA
Authors: Gaveika Artūrs
Published: November 2015

This paper reflects the problematic issues regarding the legal framework of Latvian airspace border control. Currently the legal framework in relation to airspace border control in Latvia is rather confusing and incomplete since there is no specific division between responsibilities of certain authorities and compliance to international airspace regulations as well as the competence of the NATO in the control of national airspace regime. Therefore it is essential to evaluate the functions and available resources of the State Border Guard as a law enforcement institution within the context of Border Guard law regarding the responsibility of the State Border Guard together with National Armed Forces in prevention and repelling of attacks on the airspace of the territory of Latvia.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF LATVIA’S INHABITANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BALTIC STATES
Authors: Lonska Jeļena
Published: November 2015

In the world, during the past 10 years, when evaluating development of a particular area, there has been a tendency to take into consideration those inhabitants’ subjective appraisal and attitude to the living conditions who live in this area, more often these indicators are the general life satisfaction and feeling of happiness. Analysing Latvia’s inhabitants’ subjective attitude author concludes that inhabitants of Latvia are very pessimistic in assessing their lives in this country. As surveys indicate, the economic factors have an important influence on people’s subjective satisfaction. The problem of the research is that during the last two years, there has been a tendency to improvement of economic indicators in Latvia, and also in Lithuania and Estonia, but when comparing the closest neighbours, the Latvian inhabitants’ subjective satisfaction with life is decreasing, but in Lithuania and Estonia it is increasing together with improvement of the economic situation. As a result, the author came to a conclusion that together with changes of the GDP indicator value, development of people’s subjective appraisal greatly depends on such economic indicators as income inequality, unemployment, inflation and financial assets.
ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF THE ECONOMY OF LATVIA
Authors: Mietule Iveta , Gukasjan Gajane
Published: November 2015

The article is devoted to the estimation of econometric models of the Latvian economy. The Klein's simplified macroeconomic model of the Latvian economy is discussed. The endogenous variables are consumption, net investment, gross domestic product (excluding net exports and additions to reserves). An exogenous variable is the government spending. The model is just-identified, and Two-stage least squares (2SLS) method provides consistent estimates of the parameters of a structural equation. The modified Keynеsian model was also considered, where the lagged variable - gross domestic product of the previos period is presented. It is proved that the model is over-identified, and the Two-stage least squares (2SLS) method provides estimates of the parameters of a structural equation. We have estimated the models with annual time-series data of the Latvia economy for the years 1995 through 2011 (at basic prices in 2000).
RESEARCH OF LUDZA COUNTY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Silineviča Irēna
Published: November 2015

This research analyses how the development programme provides its implementation in the context of Tourism development. The aim of this study is to research Ludza county Development Strategy related to Tourism development, to reveal potential implementation problems, and to make proposals for successful Strategy implementation. The offered proposals for successful implementation of strategic direction ‘Tourism developoment’ were developed by taking into account development of distinctive competencies.
LATEST TRENDS OF UNEMPLOYMENT TALLY AND NUMERICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES
Authors: Ulnicāns Einārs
Published: November 2015

Publication describes two main types of unemployment official tally - statistical evaluation and official registration of the unemployed. Brief description is provided with regard to the employment facilitation authorities in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, as well as the unemployment tally and support legislation in all three countries. The statistically estimated unemployment trends between countries are compared from 1998 to 2012 and quarterly trends from 2007 to 2012, as well as the trends of recorded unemployment changes from 2004 to 2012. Statistically evaluated and registered unemployment is compared. Hypotheses for the potential causes of differences are raised.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS MEANING IN THE CONTEXT OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY
Authors: Znotiņa Daina
Published: November 2015

Human capital is closely related to the economic behaviour of an individual, especially to the way in which accumulated knowledge and skills increase person’s productivity and income, thus increasing the general welfare of a society. Within the Article, the author studies the historical development of the theory of human capital, paying attention to opinions, expressed by founders of this issue - T.Schultz and G.Becker. There are considered changes of competences of employees, growing out of transition from skills-based economy to knowledge-based economy. There is no united approach concerning researches on human capital in order to determine the content of human capital; there is a lack of unified opinion regarding its creation, therefore the author considers the interpretation of the content of human capital in scientific works of several Latvian and foreign authors. During the research, education was analyzed as one of the main elements of creation of human capital, because knowledge-based economy broadens the signification of self-education, lifelong learning; it demands improvements in the fields of science and research as well as quality improvement of working skills. As a result of successful implementation of these factors, it is possible to reach a positive impact on economic development of a region.
EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS FOR A CERTAIN POPULATION RISK GROUP IN LATGALE REGION
Authors: Zvaigzne Anda , Saulāja Inese , Čerpinska Aija
Published: November 2015

The overall research aim is to examine employment problems for a certain population risk group in Latgale region and make proposals for tackling these problems. The research object is a population risk group – individuals after their child care leave, as this population group faces a high unemployment probability after their child/children care leave ends. According to a survey, a certain population risk group faces various employment problems in Latgale region, and the availability of the labour market and the reduction of discrimination in Latgale region have to be tackled at the national government level by imposing certain reliefs, so that any such population groups are respected in the labour market. Besides, various government support measures have to be taken to integrate individuals after their child care leave into the labour market in Latgale region.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN LATGALE
Authors: Dembovska Iveta , Silicka Inese
Published: November 2015

The article discusses theoretical aspects of rural tourism and its sustainable development, as well as focuses on rural tourism development issues and the socio-economic situation. The present article critically reviews the development of rural tourism in Europe, the meaning of various national eco-labels in the development of rural tourism, and the tools of sustainable development of Latvia, their nature and the role in the development of .rural tourism. The authors have also explored the range of “environmentally friendly” rural tourism offers in Latgale region and developed a new offer.
CONTENTS OF THE NOTION AND ROLE OF PUBLIC ORDER AND OTHER THREATS IN THE BORDER CROSSING
Authors: Gaveika Artūrs
Published: November 2015

The concept of public policy as a legal concept is quite complicated, much debated concept of jurisprudence, it is reflected in several laws of the Schengen acquis and in the case law. Due to interpretation problems the attempts to proportionate balance in public order interests ensuring free movement of persons in the European Union space have become the subject of a number of judicial precedents in both separate Schengen Member States as well as throughout the European Union. An important step in conflict resolution is the concept and terminology analysis and unification, which in the legal framework of the Schengen acquis must be initiated by defining the basic concept s such as „public order”, „national security”, „threats to public health” as well as to harmonize the terminology, the author offers a lecture. That is why the author’s main suggestion in this study is to work out unitary and harmonized terminology.
APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES OF ASSOCIATION RULES IN STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Grabusts Pēteris
Published: November 2015

This paper studies one of intelligent data processing methods: using association rules for data analysis. The method of association rule obtaining what was initially developed to analyse consumer’s basket has turned to be a good tool for other tasks too. The method helps search and find regularities of the form X  Y in different kinds of data. Nowadays this method is widely applied in the tasks of large scale database processing and analysing. As a result, methods of association rule construction occupy their place among the basic methods of intelligent data processing. The paper consists of two parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part examines the mathematical aspects of association rule construction in detail and describes basic concepts and algorithm application possibilities. The experimental part presents implementation results and analysis of experiments. Conclusions have been drawn concerning the efficiency of association rules’ application in search of regularities. Even though the association rules mining method is among the fundamental data processing methods, in Latvia this method is not widely used, therefore, the article under consideration reveals the potential possibilities of the association rule mining in the analysis of statistical data.
IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE SPHERE OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN REZEKNE MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Krūze Maija
Published: November 2015

The paper explores the quality management system of Rezekne Social service and its perfection employing internal audit and self-evaluation methodology. The aim of the present study is to find out how the quality of provided services of social service and social service providers is ensured in accordance with the ISO 9001:2008 quality standard, exploring the processes of management, basic activity, internal audit and prevention of non-compliance as well as focusing on the measures to be taken in order to improve the quality management system (QMS). When elaborating the article, the economic and legal literature on quality management terminology, its application and effective social services management have been studied according to the ISO 9001:2008 standard. The paper examines the measures which ensure quality of social aid and provision of social services of Rezekne Social service highlighting the quality management system, elimination of non-compliance, QMS report results, customer level of satisfaction and self-evaluation methodology. The author has worked out proposals to improve the processes of quality management system and quality results, consequently ensuring the development of Rezekne Social service. With the help of practical examples, the hypothesis proved that internal audit of the quality management system, management processes to address non-compliance, management reports and self-evaluation provide an objective assessment of the quality and create favourable conditions to ensure the provision of qualitative social services, contributing to a better controlled social policy.
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF GASTRONOMIC TOURISM IN LATGALE REGION
Authors: Silicka Inese , Dembovska Iveta
Published: November 2015

The importance of gastronomic tourism in today’s society and the necessity of its development in regions is determined by the market conditions and principles. Developing the gastronomic tourism in the regions of Latvia (especially in Latgale) will introduce competitive products in the border area of Latvia and will decrease the effect of being a remote part of the country, additionally the infrastructure will be improved in the districts that contribute to the development of the region in the future. Including the feeling of delight when enjoying specialties from Latgale, the tourism offer can also contribute greatly to the diversification, originality of tourism offers, thus increasing competitiveness of the elaborated tourism offers
RESEARCH ON STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION OPPORTUNITIES OF REZEKNE COUNTY IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Silineviča Irēna
Published: November 2015

This research analyzes how the development programme provides the implementation in the context of tourism development. The aim of this study is to explore Rezekne county Development Strategy related to Tourism development, to reveal potential implementation problems, and to make proposals for successful Strategy implementation. The offered proposals for successful implementation of strategic direction ‘Tourism development’ were developed by taking into account development of human resources capacity.
COMPETITIVENESS OF WOMEN IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN LATGALE
Authors: Zvaigzne Anda , Saulāja Inese , Čerpinska Aija
Published: November 2015

Competitiveness in the labour market is a range of various factors that assist an employee in getting or retaining a job, while an employer can attract and maintain a labour force adequate to meet the employer’s needs. The research aim is to examine the competitiveness of women in the labour market in Latvia and to develop proposals for its improvement. The present research deals with employment trends, especially focusing on statistical data on women. The research also examines statistical data on job vacancies, unemployment, wages, and other related data. To identify the factors influencing women’s competitiveness, 214 women were surveyed in Latgale region. According to the survey, there are several factors influencing women’s competitiveness in the labour market. Education, length of service, and experience are the most significant factors. The longer women’s unemployment period is, the more these women require support to restart their employment and to be competitive in the labour market. Research methods employed: the monographic method, the descriptive method, analysis and synthesis, the graphic method, document analysis, statistical analysis, and a sociological method – a survey. The survey results were processed using the tools of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel
POSSIBLE TAX MODELS TO STIMULATE THE ECONOMY IN LATGALE REGION
Authors: Žubule Ērika , Paleja Santa
Published: November 2015

Since regaining the state independence, Latgale region in terms of its development has been lagging behind other regions of the country. It is demonstrated by the index of territorial development, which is drawn up annually and characterizes specific self-governments or regional socio-economic perspectives. The authors based on the identified shortcomings offer potential solutions for the problem. The aim of the article is to formulate and evaluate proposals for possible tax models in order to stimulate the economy of Latgale region. Consequently, the article defines problems, which hinder the economic development of Latgale region as well as analyzes and proposes possible tax models elaborated to solve the defined problems in the framework of the present study.