bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of Coronavirus Infection Risk Perception Questionnaire with a Working Life Approach
Authors: Feiz Arefi Maryam , Delshad Mohammad Hossein , Babaei Pouya Amin , Abdollahi Mahbubeh , Kamali Mostafa , Poursadeqiyan Mohsen
Published: May 2022

Background: Coronavirus is a viral disease with a fast-spreading rate. It has become a pandemic. For preventing the covid-19 infection, respect for health protocols is necessary. The level of adherence to the protocols depends on one’s risk perception. To measure the level of risk perception, a valid and reliable measurement tool is needed. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the psychometric properties of the coronavirus infection risk perception (CIRP) questionnaire, with a working life approach. Methods: The article concentrated on the generation, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the CIRP questionnaire. In this cross-sectional study, authors generated an item pool, extracted from the literature relating to risk perception in COVID-19 disease. 228 people participated in the study. The initial scale, consisting of 41 Items, was produced from literature. A scale, containing 26 Items, appeared as a result of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the internal consistency. Data analysis was conducted at a 95% confidence level. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical version (V. 21). Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the scale, explained 45.3% of the variance observed. In addition to the analyses indicated, satisfactory results for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.72 to 0.87) and intra-class correlation (ranging from 0.79 to 0.94) were obtained. Conclusion: This study generated the Persian-language version of the CIRP, for Iranian individuals through psychometric testing, to measure risk perception. This questionnaire is reliable for measuring people's CIRP.
Designing a Tool for Measuring Preventive Behaviors Against Coronavirus (PBAC) in Lifestyle and Home-based Jobs of Iranian
Authors: Ghalichi Zaveh Zahra , Babaei Pouya Amin , Ghanbari Sagharloo Nastuna , Azizi Fard Leila , Abdollahi Mahbubeh , Khammar Alireza , Kamali Mostafa , Poursadeqiyan Mohsen
Published: May 2022

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus is a global crisis, which has caused many deaths and injuries around the world. Observing preventive behaviors of the general public is one of the main ways to break the chain of transmission, and get rid of this crisis. The aim of this study is to determine the extent of preventive measures regarding Coronavirus disease in the lifestyle and home-based jobs of Iranian society. Methods: In this validation, methodological study, after reviewing the opinions of experts, the authors collected questions to evaluate the extent of preventive behaviors against coronavirus (PBAC). Questions with a face validity index greater than 1.5, a Content Validity Index (CVI) index greater than 0.79, and a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) index greater than 0.62 were considered appropriate. If Cronbach's alpha coefficient was greater than 0.7, the internal reliability of the instrument was established. Results: The face validity of all questions was more than 1.5, and the face validity of all questions was confirmed. In the 5 questions, the CVI index was less than 0.79, and the CVR index was less than 0.62. After removing those 5 questions, the final questionnaire of 16 questions was introduced as a tool. Also, the internal reliability of the instrument was (α = 0.71). Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated that the proposed questionnaire is suitable for measuring the level of preventive PBAC regarding the lifestyle and home-based businesses, and has good validity and reliability as a useable tool.
Resultado materno perinatal de las gestantes con infección confirmada por COVID-19, hospital Santa Teresa, Comayagua, Honduras. Serie de casos
Authors: Zúniga-Briceño Alma Iris , Erazo-Fino Luz Enid , Burgos-Zúniga Claudia Carolina
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: describir el resultado materno y perinatal de las gestantes con infección confirmada por COVID-19 en una institución hospitalaria en Comayagua, Honduras.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Se incluyeron gestantes sintomáticas que consultaron o fueron remitidas desde el 1 de marzo de 2020 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2021 a una institución pública de referencia, con diagnóstico confirmado por PCR de infección por COVID-19. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas, severidad de la infección, estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Se estimó la frecuencia de infección por COVID-19 y los resultados maternos y perinatales de estas gestaciones; se realizó análisis descriptivo.Resultados: en el periodo descrito consultaron 2.258 gestantes, de estas se incluyeron 23, quienes cumplieron con los criterios de selección, para una frecuencia de infección por COVID-19 del 1,01 %. La población de estudio se caracterizó por estar constituida por mujeres jóvenes y en unión libre. Trece pacientes recibieron manejo ambulatorio por cuadro clínico leve, diez requirieron hospitalización. Las embarazadas manejadas ambulatoriamente finalizaron la gestación vía cesárea (76,9 %) por estado fetal insatisfactorio, con edad gestacional mayor o igual a 37 semanas, y tres casos fueron pretérmino (36 semanas). De las gestantes hospitalizadas, una desarrolló aborto espontáneo, y nueve finalizaron la gestación por una indicación obstétrica. Se presentó un parto prematuro y se documentó una muerte materna (4 %) y neonatal.Conclusiones: el 1 % de las gestantes adquirieron la infección por COVID-19 en el Hospital Santa Teresa de Comayagua en el  periodo de estudio. Se requieren más estudios que analicen el impacto materno perinatal de la infección por COVID-19 en la región centroamericana.
A Partnership-Based Approach to Operationalizing Learning Behaviours Using Event Data
Authors: Krumm Andrew , Everson Howard T. , Neisler Julie
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a partnership-based approach for analyzing data from a learning management system (LMS) used by students in grades 6–12. The goal of the partnership was to create indicators for the ways in which students navigated digital learning activities, referred to as playlists, that were comprised of resources, pre-assessments, and summative assessments. To develop various indicators, the collaboration gathered school practitioners’ perspectives on desirable and undesirable student actions within and across playlists, jointly explored and made sense of LMS data, and examined the relationships between behavioural indicators and outcomes that were important to practitioners. The approach described in this paper is intended to provide an example for future researcher–practitioner collaborations to build upon when seeking to jointly analyze data from digital learning environments. The widespread use of playlists and LMSs in K–12 schools throughout the United States means that the collaborative process described in this paper may have broad applicability to large numbers of digital environments, schools, and collaborations.
Funkcja turystyczna obszarów wiejskich w województwie pomorskim. Zróżnicowanie i zmiany
Authors: Durydiwka Małgorzata
Published: May 2022

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie zróżnicowania przestrzennego funkcji turystycznej obszarów wiejskich w województwie pomorskim oraz zmian, jakie zaszły w latach 1995–2013. Funkcja turystyczna została określona poprzez dwie cechy: liczbę turystów korzystających z noclegów i liczbę firm zarejestrowanych w systemie REGON w sekcji H lub I. W celu kwantyfikacji funkcji turystycznej zastosowano miernik syntetyczny według procedury Z. ZIOŁO (1973). Na tej podstawie wyznaczono pięć poziomów rozwoju funkcji turystycznej, a następnie przeanalizowano zmiany (ilościowe i przestrzenne), w rozwoju funkcji turystycznej na terenach wiejskich. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono tzw. gminom turystycznym, czyli tym, w których funkcja turystyczna jest wykształcona na co najmniej średnim poziomie. Dla tych gmin – w oparciu o dwie cechy (przeciętny czas pobytów turystycznych i udział miejsc noclegowych całorocznych) – wyznaczono dziewięć typów funkcjonalnych i określono zmiany, jakie zaszły w tym zakresie w latach 1995–2013.
Waloryzacja nieużytkowanych cmentarzy luterańskich na terenie nadleśnictw Maskulińskie i Pisz a możliwości rozwoju tanatoturystyki
Authors: Sobotka Sławomir , Długozima Anna
Published: May 2022

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań 67 nieużytkowanych cmentarzy luterańskich, znajdujących się na gruntach nadleśnictw Pisz i Maskulińskie (południowa część województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego). Zinwentaryzowano nagrobki, roślinność oraz określono rodzaj, powierzchnię cmentarzy oraz współrzędne geograficzne za pomocą odbiornika GPS. Przedstawiono również waloryzację cmentarzy na przykładzie obiektów z nadleśnictwa Maskulińskie. Najlepiej zachowane i/lub najbardziej interesujące cmentarze zostaną objęte szlakiem turystycznym.
Rozważania na temat internacjonalizacji ukraińskich przedsiębiorstw w kontekście ich innowacyjności
Authors: Glinkowska-Krauze Beata , Chebotarov Viacheslav , Chebotarov Iegor
Published: May 2022

Stan internacjonalizacji i innowacyjności ukraińskich przedsiębiorstw jest stosunkowo niski- podobnie zresztą jak stan innowacyjności gospodarki Ukrainy. Nie odnotowuje się odpowiedniej polityki internacjonalizacyjno-innowacyjnej w tym kraju. Brak też zmian systemowych w zakresie wsparcia przedsiębiorców i ochrony własności intelektualnej, stąd w bliskiej przyszłości raczej nie jest możliwe osiągnięcie trwałej przewagi konkurencyjnej, która będzie oparta na innowacjach. Istnieje potrzebna spójnej i przejrzystej polityki państwa dla wsparcia obu procesów: internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw i ich innowacji.
Szanse oraz bariery rozwoju bankowości islamskiej w gospodarce globalnej
Authors: Melon Patrycja
Published: May 2022

Islam jest jedną z największych religii na świecie, z której wywodzi się geneza bankowości islamskiej. Głównym zbiorem zasad oraz norm określających wszelkie aspekty życia muzułmanów jest szariat. Zgodnie z zasadami szariatu działają islamskie instytucje finansowe. 
Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka bankowości islamskiej: fundamentów, metod finansowania oraz zdefiniowanie szans i zagrożeń związanych z rozwojem bankowości islamskiej w gospodarce światowej. 
Bankowość islamska opiera się na określonych zasadach. Najważniejszą zasadą jest zakaz riba, oznaczający niemożność pobierania odsetek od kredytów. Podmioty gospodarcze nie mogą się także angażować w operacje spekulacyjne oraz w inwestycje o charakterze antyspołecznym. W artykule zaprezentowano główne instrumenty bankowości islamskiej: mudaraba, musharaka oraz murabaha. 
Na przestrzeni dekady wzrosło zainteresowanie bankowością islamską. Jednak wciąż jest to niewielki sektor w gospodarce globalnej.
An Exploratory Analysis of Harassment in Adult Sexual Assault Cases
Authors: Bowen Kendra N. , Diamond Brie , Burns Ronald
Published: May 2022

Little is known about victims’ experiences with the perpetrator after they report a sexual assault. This study examined harassment of sexual assault victims during the prosecution process utilizing case notes from a large, southern District Attorney’s office. Specifically, harassment cases were compared to cases where no harassment was reported by the victim. We found that approximately 15% of victims vocalized harassment by the defendant, his family, or friends. The results detail characteristics and factors related to how harassment was carried out in these cases. These findings unveil the importance of communicating with victims during the prosecution process and suggest control balance theory to be an appropriate lens through which to view harassing behavior.
Domestic Violence Risk Assessment Research to Real-World Practice: The Devil Is in the Implementation
Authors: Youngson Nicole , Saxton Michael , Jaffe Peter G. , Kielt Lyara , Olszowy Laura , Dawson Myrna , Straatman Anna-Lee
Published: May 2022

Assessing risk in domestic violence situations is foundational to ensuring safety. Although there is growing information about the reliability and validity of a variety of risk assessment tools across different practice contexts, there is a paucity of research on the feasibility and application of these tools in real world settings. The present qualitative study examined current practices in domestic violence risk assessment in Canada through a survey of professionals working across diverse sectors. Utilizing a thematic analysis of 255 open-text responses, this study presents several themes related to challenges identified at the systemic, organizational, and individual levels. Themes related to promising practices and the practical implication of risk assessment strategies are also explored.
Designing a Diagnosis Instrument to Determine e-Commerce Readiness for Micro and Small Enterprises in Rural Areas
Authors: Barquero Michael , Marín-Raventós Gabriela , López Gustavo
Published: May 2022

Electronic commerce, as a new way of commercialization, is not only a business decision, since not all companies, nor all consumers in a region, are technologically prepared to adopt electronic commerce. To implement this type of trade, companies should carry out a diagnostic study, both to know if the technological resources are available internally, and to determine if the potential clients are also ready and willing to use the channel.

From this perspective, this work seeks to design an instrument that allows diagnosing the e-Commerce readiness of micro and small businesses, and their potential consumers in rural areas. An iterative process to create the diagnosis instruments was used.  It involved iterations of design and evaluation stages. Academic experts with extensive experience in instrument design carried out the first evaluation; the second iteration was evaluated in a pilot field study where 6 companies and 10 consumers from similar regions participated. Finally, in a case study in the canton of Río Cuarto de Alajuela, 29 companies and 261 consumers from the region participated in this study. The diagnosis highlights that most of these companies express that they are not technologically prepared to implement e-commerce, while most of the participating consumers indicated that they do feel technologically prepared to use these platforms.
An Open Source Multi-Slice Cell Capacity Framework
Authors: Rattaro Claudina , Pereyra Gabriela , Inglés Lucas , Belzarena Pablo
Published: May 2022

5G is the new 3GPP technology designed to solve a wide range of requirements. On the one hand, it must be able to support high bit rates and ultra-low latency services, and on the other hand, it should be able to connect a massive amount of devices with loose bandwidth and delay requirements. Network Slicing is a key paradigm in 5G, and future 6G networks will inherit it for the concurrent provisioning of diverse quality of service. As scheduling is always a delicate vendor topic and there are not so many free and complete simulation tools to support all 5G features, in this paper, we present Py5cheSim. Py5cheSim is a flexible and open-source simulator based on Python and specially oriented to simulate cell capacity in 3GPP 5G networks and beyond. To the best of our knowledge, Py5cheSim is the first simulator that supports Network Slicing at the Radio Access Network. It offers an environment that allows the development of new scheduling algorithms in a researcher-friendly way without detailed knowledge of the core of the tool. The present work describes its design and implementation choices, the validation process and results, and different use cases.
Using Self-Evaluations to Explore HBCU Social Work Statistics Students Perceptions of Academic Preparation and Performance
Authors: Campbell Erica
Published: May 2022

Evaluation is an essential component in social work education. Student evaluations are a useful method to assess student and instructor performance. The study aimed to examine the perceptions of social work students’ views on their preparation and performance in a social work statistics course. The study consisted of 113 social work students admitted to the Bachelor of Social Work program at a small HBCU located in a rural community. In this study, a quantitative, descriptive research design was used along with a self-administered student evaluation, and SPSS to describe and analyze social work students’ perceptions of their performance and preparation. The results concluded the majority of students (72%) did not meet with their instructor to seek assistance outside of the classroom setting. Approximately, 80% of the students also reported not attending academic tutoring services, however, 58% indicated the need for improvement in their grades. To conclude, the findings of the study demonstrated that student evaluations can be used as an effective method to provide essential feedback to instructors.
Doença celíaca: conhecimentos por profissionais do ensino básico de escolas municipais localizadas na cidade de São Carlos - SP
Authors: Del Ciampo Ieda Regina Lopes , Zerezuella Mariane Pizato , Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio , Sawamura Regina
Published: May 2022

Introdução: educadores contribuem para promover educação em saúde escolar. Foi criada a hipótese que eles conheceriam aspectos relacionados a doença celíaca. Objetivo: comparar o conhecimento dos educadores sobre a presença de glúten nos alimentos em relação aos demais funcionários. Métodos: estudo transversal com profissionais de escolas municipais de educação básica de São Carlos (SP), agosto/2018 a janeiro/2019. A amostra com 92 participantes foi selecionada por conveniência. Os dados, coletados por questionário. Variáveis: sexo, estado civil, cargo, idade, tempo de trabalho e conhecimento sobre a presença de glúten nos alimentos apresentados. Foram criados grupos I e II de educadores/estagiários e demais funcionários, respectivamente e escores conforme o percentual de respostas corretas sobre o glúten: “nível elevado” (100% a 75%), “nível intermediário” (<75% a 50%), “nível baixo” (<50% a 25%), “nível extremamente baixo” (< 25%). Resultados: 51 (55,4%) eram casados, 78 (84,8%) do sexo feminino, e 72 (78,3%) educadores, as médias de idade e tempo na escola foram de 44,7 e 8,8 anos, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa dos níveis de acerto entre os grupos (p>0,05). O maior percentual de “nível elevado” foi para farinha de trigo e de “nível baixo” farinha de aveia. Conclusão: o conhecimento variou conforme os tipos de alimentos e foi semelhante entre os grupos.
Perilaku aliran udara dan temperatur berdasarkan variasi kemiringan terowongan tambang bawah tanah: simulasi laboratorium
Authors: Wulandari Eka Sari , Hakim Romla Noor Noor , Putri Karina Shella
Published: May 2022

Ventilasi tambang merupakan salah satu aspek penunjang bagi peningkatan produktivitas para pekerja tambang bawah tanah. Berbeda dengan tambang terbuka, pada tambang bawah tanah ketersediaan udara sangat terbatas, sehingga perlu upaya pengontrolan terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas udara.Penelitian bersifat eksperimental melalui simulasi yang mengacu pada beberapa skenario kemiringan terowongan bawah tanah namun dilakukan dengan skala laboratorium. Pengambilan data dibagi menjadi tiga titik pengujian pada depan terowongan, meter kedua terowongan, dan meter ketiga (ujung) terowongan. Kemiringan terowongan menggunakan tujuh variasi kemiringan antara lain 0o, 4o, 7o, 11o, 14o, 18o, dan 22o. Sedangkan untuk kecepatan putaran fan yang digunakan antara lain 2745 rpm (Dm1), 3271,7 rpm (Dm2), 3406,5 rpm (Dm3), dan 3643,4 rpm (Dm4).Data yang diambil dalam simulasi antara lain kecepatan, temperatur, dan kelembaban. Tren pada simulasi kecepatan yaitu semakin jauh jarak titik pengukuran maka semakin rendah kecepatan aliran udaranya, serta semakin besar kemiringan terowongan semakin tinggi kecepatan aliran udaranya. Tren pada simulasi temperatur yaitu terjadi peningkatan temperatur dari saat terowongan tanpa kemiringan (horisontal) dan memuncak sampai terowongan dengan kemiringan 14o, kemudian temperatur udara semakin turun pada kemiringan terowongan 18o dan 22o. Tren pada simulasi kelembaban udara memiliki kemiripan dengan tren kecepatan yaitu semakin besar kemiringan terowongan semakin tinggi kelembaban udaranya.
Identifikasi Risiko K3L (Kesehatan, Keselamatan, Keamanan, dan Lingkungan Kerja) Pada Pembangunan Jembatan Menara Pandang Kota Baru Purwokerto
Authors: Salamah Nabila Aminatun , Ni'mah Nurul Faridatul , Krisjayanti Krisjayanti , Qisthani Nabila Noor
Published: May 2022

Pembangunan jembatan dan jalan merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat vital sebagai pendukung utama mobilitas orang dan barang serta aktivitas ekonomi. Dalam suatu pelaksanaan pekerjaan konstruksi, untuk menekan resiko kerugian maka pelaksanaan Kesehatan, Keselamatan, Keamanan, dan Lingkungan (K3L) difokuskan kepada tiadanya kecelakaan kerja atau “zero accident”. Pada pembangunan jalan dan jembatan ini banyak potensi bahaya yaitu antara lain seperti terjatuh dari ketinggian, tersandung material-material yang tidak tertata, dan tidak ergonomis saat proses membawa material. Upaya untuk mengurangi kecelakaan kerja harus dilakukan dengan upaya- upaya pencegahan terjadinya kecelakaan itu sendiri yang dapat dilakukan melalui suatu proses identifikasi dan analisa akan terjadinya bahaya (hazard) dan ditindak lanjuti dengan tindakan pengendaliannya (control). Data lalu lintas dan data tanah sangat diperlukan pada perencanaan transportasi dan konstruksi jalan termasuk dalam perencanaan tebal perkerasan jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bahaya dan penanggulangan resiko untuk para pekerja sebagai bagian dari Kesehatan, Keselamatan, Keamanan , dan Lingkungan kerja (K3L) untuk diterapkan dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan dilokasi penelitian yang berada di kota baru Purwokerto Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan pengumpulan data pada pelaksanaan pengerjaan jembatan menara pandang kota baru Purwokerto. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini diperoleh hasil yaitu mengenai bahaya yang dapat terjadi dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan pembangunan jembatan di lokasi studi telah diidentifikasi dan dibuat rencana aksi berupa penanggulangan resikonya. Dari penentuan item pekerjaan yang ada antara lain berupa pemasangan besi jembatan, pemotongan besi, serta pengolahan bahan baku. Mayoritas risiko pekerjaan yang ada pada proyek tersebut yaitu moderate.
Penjadwalan Perawatan Mesin di CV Wijaya Workshop dengan Pendekatan Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)
Authors: Widyaningrum Maretha Rahmawati , Winati Famila Dwi
Published: May 2022

Kegiatan perindustrian tidak terlepas dari penggunaan mesin sebagai penunjang kegiatan produksi. Salah satu faktor kelancaran produksi suatu perusahaan yaitu mesin-mesin yang digunakan harus dalam kondisi baik sehingga tidak menghambat proses produksi dan produk yang dihasilkan dapat berkualitas. CV. Wijaya Workshop merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang eksterior serta interior yang dalam proses produksinya menggunakan beberapa mesin modern seperti CNC routers, cutting laser, dan cutting stickers. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi adalah kurangnya manajemen perawatan mesin yang teratur sehingga mengakibatkan kerusakan mesin secara tiba- tiba yang berdampak pada produk yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penyebab- penyebab terjadinya kerusakan serta saran waktu perawatan mesin berdasarkan data historis kerusakan mesin cutting laser, sebagai salah satu mesin utama dari proses produksi CV Wijaya Workshop. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) yang mencakup Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) dan Logic Tree Analysis (LTA) untuk mengidentifikasi prioritas kegagalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen chiller/ pendingin mesin memiliki nilai RPN tertinggi yaitu 112 dan saran waktu perawatan mesin setiap 104 hari, head laser 94 hari, mirror 113 hari, rail head 139 hari, dan tabung CO2 148 hari. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini akan menjadi acuan untuk pembuatan jadwal preventive maintenance bagi perusahaan dalam satu tahun selanjutnya.
Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Penggunaan Palet Plastik (Studi Kasus PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia)
Authors: Dolla Mohammad , Pratama Aiza Yudha
Published: May 2022

Di dunia perindustrian tidak lepas dari industri pergudangan (warehousing), palet menjadi salah satu equipment penting dalam mempermudah proses pengangkutan dan pemindahan dalam gudang. Palet merupakan alat bantu pengangkutan berbentuk kotak berongga yang digunakan sebagai alas barang. keberadaan palet sangat membantu proses pengangkutan dan pemindahan di pergudangan, sehingga banyak yang menggunakan palet dalam industri pergudangan di Indonesia. PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia sampai saat ini mengelola 31000 palet yang berasal dari vendor (Silog), dengan rata-rata kerusakan per hari di bulan September terdapat 150 pcs. Palet kayu sangatlah rapuh, mudah rusak karena rayap, tidak tahan dengan cuaca yang ekstrem dan mudah rusak yang akhirnya apabila terjadi kerusakan palet, diganti dengan palet yang baru. Permasalahan tersebut bisa diminimalisir dengan melakukan perbandingan penggunaan alternatif penggunaan palet kayu menjadi palet plastik dengan melakukan analisa kelayakan dengan membandingkan palet plastik dan palet kayu  dengan mempertimbangan aspek teknis palet, aspek lingkungan, dan aspek kelayakan investasi. Yang nantinya bisa dijadikan dasar pertimbangan penggantian palet kayu menjadi palet plastik bagi PT.Solusi Bangun Indonesia, dengan diketahui perbandingan aspek teknis, aspek lingkungan antara palet kayu dan palet plastik, nilai Net Present Value (NPV) palet plastik  Rp. 47.964.909.063 atau NPV>0 dan nilai Internal of Return (IRR) sebesar 6.90%.
Enhancing Capability to Reduce Scale Management Cost in Hydrocarbon Production and CCUS Projects Through Developing an Understanding of Bulk and Surface Scaling Kinetics at Low Saturation Ratios
Authors: Fujah-Sanni Alagbalawura , Sanni Olujide , Diamantonis Nikolaos , Bourne Hugh , Kapur Nikil , Barker Richard , Neville Anne
Published: May 2022

Scale threat assessment modelling tools are based on thermodynamic solubility models with no account for surface deposition kinetics. Many operators use critical saturation ratios (SRs) and excess solute trigger values to describe conditions for deposition. This leaves a large area of uncertainty especially at low SRs, thus conservatism in design of barriers to manage scale.

This study utilizes two distinctly different techniques to understand the extent to which the presence of a stainless-steel surface impacts the kinetics of scale formation in comparison to only bulk precipitation in low (below 10) SR solutions. The two techniques are shown to be complimentary, providing insight into different aspects of crystallization such as homogenous and heterogeneous nucleation.

Experimental tests have been carried out at SR values of 10, 5 and 3 to follow the kinetics of bulk precipitation by using static tests to track the change in the calcium ion concentration in the solution with time. The static jar test was also used to provide information on the induction time for bulk precipitation which is important for identifying if the nucleation process for the surface deposition test in the bead pack is controlled by homogenous nucleation and growth in the bulk solution, heterogeneous nucleation, and growth on the surface, or both.

The surface deposition tests were conducted in a bead pack, a newly designed setup adapted from a sand pack technique. The bead pack was used to investigate whether the presence of a high surface area can provide sufficient deposition to obtain quantifiable data on the kinetics of scale formation in low SR solutions. The effect of temperature namely tests at 50°C and 90°C is also presented. The results show that significant variation exists in the rate of precipitation between CaCO3 bulk and surface scaling at different temperature and SRs.

The study describes a set of tests using the bead pack setup to provide quantitative surface precipitation rates at low SR in a controlled composition environment. This work provides a framework for the development of kinetic models targeted at reducing the conservatism in design of hydrocarbon production and carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) facilities.
A Polyaniline-Based Scale Inhibitor with Enhanced Retention and Exceptional Thermal Properties for Squeeze Treatment at HTHP Conditions
Authors: Hayatgheib Yasmin , Baraka-Lokmane Salima , Taleb Wassim , Ordonez-Varela John-Richard , Barker Richard , Neville Anne
Published: May 2022

Sulphide scales have low solubility and are mostly observed in deep high temperature/high pressure (HTHP) reservoirs. Particularly, squeeze treatment for HTHP wells in sandstone reservoir, has always been challenging due to the thermal degradation of polymeric scale inhibitors followed by poor retention properties. To this date, identifying a squeezable scale inhibitor for sulphide scale deposition that compiles with these conditions is an ongoing research topic. A thermally stable Polyaniline-Co-Polymer based scale inhibitor (PANI-Co-Polymer SI) has been developed, characterised, and tested. Adsorption isotherms analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic tube blocking tests (TBT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis have been carried out in order to assess the efficiency against zinc sulphide (ZnS) scale as well as adsorption and desorption properties of the newly formulated product. Based on adsorption isotherms analyses, PANI- Co-Polymer SI shows high adsorption on sand particles that follows the Freundlich adsorption model. Product performance was also evaluated by TBT and TGA. Monitored differential pressure values over a one-hour period, shows a minimum effective dose (MED) of <5mg/L for ZnS and thermal stability up to 385° C, respectively. For a better interpretation of the inhibition mechanism by PANI-Co-Polymer SI, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were implemented. Results indicate secondary crystal nucleation and growth disruption for ZnS. These results show that PANI-Co-Polymer SI could be a successful candidate to be used as a squeeze treatment for preventing ZnS scaling issues under HTHP conditions.
Investigation of the Centrifugal Effect in Calcite Scale Deposition
Authors: Gonçalves J. F. , Daás A. A. , Dullius A. H. , Pícoli N. A. S. , Lima H. L. S. , da Silva F. S. , Loureiro J. B. R.
Published: May 2022

Calcium carbonate scale formation is one of the most critical challenges of the oil and gas industry in Brazil. The high content of CO2, the formation brine and the types of rock reservoir observed in the Brazilian Pre-salt favor the occurrence of inorganic scaling throughout the production, from the bottom hole to upstream primary oil processing facilities. In particular, de-oiling cyclones used in the final stages of water treatment may suffer from loss of performance or complete blockage due to inorganic scaling. Cyclones benefit from centrifugal forces to promote an efficient and cost-effective gas-liquid or liquid-liquid separation. The flow inside the cyclonic body, with its characteristic inner and outer vortex, may interact with the precipitated solid particles from the bulk flow directing them towards the wall and favoring particle adhesion and growth. In addition, the pressure drop across the separator inlet and outlets and along the conic cross section may influence CO2 equilibrium, which may also imply in local precipitation. In order to model the influence of the cyclonic effect on scaling properties, laboratory tests have been conducted under experimental conditions very similar to real field applications. Solutions of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate were mixed at a one-inch diameter stainless steel pipe that was used to feed an encapsulated hydrocyclone prototype. In order to isolate the contribution of the centrifugal effect, results were compared with the scaling formed across a straight T-shaped tube under the same experimental conditions, including the same internal area and the same initial pressure drop. During the experiments, liquid samples were collected at the inlet and at both exits for characterization of pH, conductivity, temperature and particle counts. The solid samples were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy for identification of the calcium carbonate crystalline structure and measurement of its layer thickness. The deposited mass, temporal evolution of the pressure drop and crystalline structure of the deposited material were also analyzed. Results for total deposited mass and scaling rate indicate that the centrifugal force exerts a small effect on the scaling rate inside the cyclonic separator.
Produced Water, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Machine Learning: How Can They be Connected?
Authors: Atheaux Isabelle , Makarychev-Mikhailov Sergey M , Campos Faria Débora , Farrell Jesse W , MacKay Bruce A
Published: May 2022

Fast and reliable field-portable chemical analysis of produced waters remains one of the main challenges of scale-risk mitigation, as it enables timely control over scale inhibitor type and dosage. While many analytical methods are potentially applicable to produced waters, most of them lack reliability under field conditions or do not meet increasingly tight cost requirements. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is routinely used in the oil field for analysis of cores, drilling cuttings, and muds, as it provides quick noninvasive detection of many elements simultaneously. Inexpensive portable handheld analyzers typically feature limited element range, sensitivity, and resolution, and are therefore expected to be inferior to benchtop analyzers. The question is whether handheld devices can offer suitable detection limits and accuracy for produced water analysis, despite these limitations. At the same time, one of the major challenges of XRF, the so-called matrix effect, is strong in produced waters and also negatively affects the analysis accuracy.

This study demonstrates how multivariate machine-learning (ML) techniques can be applied to the full XRF spectra recorded with a handheld analyzer. ML spectra processing is shown to successfully mitigate matrix effects and enable simultaneous quantification of all ions of interest. Interestingly, key physical (density) and chemical (total dissolved solids and hardness) properties of produced water can also be quantified using ML techniques. In the paper, the experimental protocols are described first, followed by a detailed discussion of the data workflows, which covers the XRF spectra preprocessing, algorithm selection and tuning, and independent validation procedures. Over 50 different ML algorithms are trained on different spectra ranges of a multicomponent calibration dataset, and the three best models are applied to several real-life produced water sample sets for validation. A rigorous error analysis is performed for all ML models. In field samples, the resulting analysis errors (RMSE) are less than 100 mg/L for barium and strontium, less than 150 mg/L for sulfate, and remarkably small/accurate for other ions and properties considering measurement with a handheld device.
Sulfide Scale Controls and Predictions Using Water-Soluble Polymer
Authors: Ko Saebom , Wang Xin , Li Wei , Dai Zhaoy , Paudyal Samridhdi , Yao Xuanzhu , Leschied Cianna , Shen Yu-Yi , Pimentel Daniel , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason B.
Published: May 2022

Recently, sulfide scale related issues have been significantly increased, probably due to implementation of more aggressive technologies and exploration of unconventional fields, such as high temperature, high pressure, and high salinity. Firstly, sulfide scales (i.e., FeS, PbS, and ZnS) are one of the most or significantly unsolved deposition problem in oil and gas production. Secondly, sulfide scales have oleophilic nature so that they can be difficult to separate sulfide scales from oil phase during production processes. Polymeric dispersants have exhibited their feasibility to prevent the deposition of sulfide scales, but dispersants have not been widely validated to control sulfide scale problems and limited numbers of trials and reports have been available. The objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate dispersion efficiency of sulfide scale dispersants in a wide range of conditions of brine ionic strength, calcium concentrations, solution pH, and temperature; (2) to examine the effect of dispersants on sulfide scale wettability; (3) to understand the mechanism of a dispersion process; and (4) to apply the newly developed dispersion model for a prediction of a minimum dispersant concentration (MDC). Among tested natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) showed the best dispersion efficiency for sulfide scales with an individual particle size of around 4 nm. The second-best dispersants identified in our study were polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylamide (PAM). Despite some degrees of aggregation of dispersed sulfide particles, their size was still in the nanometer ranges of 100 to 500 nm. Dispersed sulfide particles remained in the water phase, while settled ones were transferred to the oil phase. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) results showed that CMC was adsorbed on the surface of FeS particles through H-bond and complexation between Fe(II) and carboxylate groups, controlling particles growth and preventing them from settling. CMC was effective to disperse sulfide scales in conditions of brine ionic strength (58.5 – 234 g/L NaCl), Ca2+ concentrations (1,000 – 8,000 mg/L), pH (4.3 – 6.7), and temperature (70 – 120 °C). In these reaction conditions, MDC of CMC ranged from 5 to 200 mg/L. The combination of CMC and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic) acid (DTPMP) enhanced CMC dispersion efficiency in some conditions. MDC of CMC for PbS and ZnS scales were 2 and 5 mg/L, respectively. MDC prediction model predicted MDC quite reasonably in wide range of NaCl concentrations (58.5 – 234 g/L) and SI of FeSm (0.13 – 2.03).
Kinetics of Transformation and Inhibition of Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation in Mixed Oil Fractions
Authors: Sanni Olujide , Charpentier Thibaut , Harbottle David , Barker Richard , Pessu Frederick , Neville Anne
Published: May 2022

The thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainities created by the mixing together of various fluids during oil processing and transportation will affect scaling tendency of facilities and the efficiency of inhibitors to combat scaling. The most severe operational challenges with pipeline transportation are flow assurance issues due to scale formation, which often lead to blockage of pipelines, and related to the flow of multiphase fluids. There is therefore the need for an understanding and assessment of the mechanisms and kinetics of scale formation in multiphase systems containing mxture of oil phases.

This work studies the mechanisms and behavior of precipitation of calcium carbonate scale in mixed oil fractions. Experiments were conducted in both single and multiphase systems for SR 211 at 30°C and SR 198 at 60°C. The mixed oil fractions include 50ml cyclohexane, 30ml kerosene, 20ml toluene and 0.01% asphaltene, fully dissolved in toluene. Homogeneous dispersion in the two-phase mixture was achieved using the Rotating Cylinder Electrode (RCE) with an overhead impeller blade stirring at 520 rpm to create The fouling process was investigated in the presence of a chemical scale inhibitor, polyphosphinocarboxylic acid (PPCA) at below the Minimum Inhibitor Concentratio (MIC). Samples are collected and analysed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) techniques to evaluate the morphology, polymorphic transformation and calcium ion concentration respectively at different time intervals.

The study shows that the presence of an organic phase has a major effect on CaCO3 polymorphic abundance, slowing down the initial rapid transformation of vaterite to calcite. Injection of inhibitor below MIC combined with the presence of asphaltene do not prevent the bulk scaling but has an effect on the relative distribution as well as stability of the metastable vaterite. This could provide further insights for the development of inhibition and control strategies to deal with CaCO3 scale formation in multiphase systems.
Effects of Thermal Stress in Hot Dry Rock Fracturing
Authors: Luo Tianyu , Liu Yuanshuang
Published: May 2022

China has rich geothermal hot dry rock (HDR) resources, but the development and usage of its thermal energy are still at an early stage. At present, few studies have investigated the variation law for fracturing pressure on the borehole wall and fracture wall under the influence of thermal stress. This study investigates the fracturing pressure around the borehole wall based on rock mechanics and thermal stress analysis. Two models were developed: one for borehole wall fracturing pressure with consideration for thermal stress and the other for temperature difference conditions related to the automatic opening of fractures. By analyzing the temperature variation in the fracture wall, the mechanism for the opening of branch fractures at the fracture wall was investigated based on rock mechanics, the theory of fracture extension in hydraulic fracturing, and the theory of thermal stresses. We developed a computational model for tensile or shear damage related to branch fractures in the fracture wall with consideration for thermal stress, as well as a model for temperature difference conditions for the automatic opening of branch fractures. The simulation results show that the fracturing pressure decreased significantly when thermal stress was considered. Under normal geostress and temperature conditions, large temperature difference conditions are needed for the HDR borehole wall to break naturally because of thermal stress alone. During fracture extension, branch fractures on the fracture wall are more likely to form because of thermal stress. Irrespective of the type of damage (tensile or shear), branch fractures on the fracture wall closer to the borehole required lower net fracturing pressure. The decline in the net fracturing pressure was greater in response to shear damage than to tensile damage. In a high-temperature thermal reservoir, when branch fractures in the fracture wall were subjected to the temperature difference conditions for automatic opening, shear damage was more likely to occur than tensile damage. From the results, the following conclusions were obtained: The developed mechanical model of fracture opening reflects the mechanism of fracturing at the borehole wall and the fracture wall during HDR fracturing, thereby revealing the mechanism of the formation of fracture networks under thermal stress. For HDR fracturing, thermal stress promotes the formation of branch fractures in the fracture wall and increases the occurrence of complex fractures in the near-well region. Under thermal stress, the main fractures are less likely to extend in the optimal direction but instead tend to develop into complex fractures, which is not conducive to fracture connectivity between wells.
Exploring lived experience of recovery processes in those with schizophrenia: A systematic review with thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence
Authors: Murray Malcolm , Menadue Christopher B.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic review of literature which explores lived experiences of the manifestation, appearance of meaning, and interpretation of the recovery process in schizophrenia. Recovery as a lived experience in schizophrenia is an idiosyncratic and debated process that emerges from the perspectives of people who experience schizophrenia. Recovery literature is gained from qualitative accounts and synthesising these accounts provides an overview of the evidence base for recovery. A search of Medline, Emcare, Cinahl and Scopus databases discovered 11 studies that were published between 2016–2020 that met the scope of the review. Studies were included if they used qualitative methodology to explore how individuals with schizophrenia experience the process of recovery. Studies were subjected to quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) Qualitative Research Checklist. Several themes were identified during the qualitative analysis. These themes were linked by a common thread. This “meta-theme” is “connection.” Connection with individual sense of self and connecting with the social world. Connecting with self enhance the capacity of those with schizophrenia to be able to connect interpersonally and intersubjectively with the social world, which is seen to lead to recovery. The reviewed literature supported the theoretical approach that the person with schizophrenia needed to regain their lost self before taking further steps in the recovery process. Further research of schizophrenia as a self – disorder being phenomenologically designed would further highlight the necessity of this for the recovery process. Such research would illuminate recovery being about who you are and not about how sane or normal you are.
Effectiveness Comparison between Blended Learning of Histology Practical in Flipped Physical Classrooms and Flipped Virtual Classrooms for MBBS Students
Authors: Zhong Jinjie , Li Zhongjie , Hu Xinyang , Wang Linlin , Chen Yingying
Published: May 2022

Background
The flipped classroom blended learning model has been proven effective in the teaching of undergraduate medical courses as shown by student acceptance and results. Since COVID-19 necessitated the application of online learning, the effect of the blended learning model on teaching quality has required additional attention.
Methods
The objectives of this study were to reproduce a blended learning model flipped in a virtual classroom (FVCR-BL) in 2020 (N = 146) and a physical classroom (FPCR-BL) in 2021 (N = 93), and to evaluate their effects and student perceptions compared to a traditional learning model in a physical classroom (PCR-TL) in 2019 (N = 89).
Results
The results clarified that FPCR-BL students obtained higher final exam scores and were more likely to engage in face-to-face interactions with instructors than FVCR-BL students. FPCR-BL and FVCR-BL students had higher classroom quiz scores than the PCR-TL students owing to the contribution of blended learning. The results of the questionnaire showed that participants of FPCR-BL positively rated the online learning and preview test, with a cumulative percentage of 68.31%, were more satisfying than other learning activities of blended learning. There were significant correlations (r = 0.581, P < 0.05) between one factor (online learning) and the other three blended learning strategies.
Conclusions
In the flipped classroom with a blended learning process of histology, enhancing the quality of online learning boosts student satisfaction and improves knowledge learning; peer-to-peer interactions and instructor-to-peer interactions in the physical classroom improved knowledge construction.