bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coworking Spaces for Startup Companies: A Comparative Study in Istanbul
Authors: Ceylan Salih , Emre Arslan Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Coworking spaces have recently become mainstream worldwide. Therefore, research studies on the subject to investigate the interface and relationships between architectural design and creativity is becoming a popular subject in the academic community. The need for coworking spaces is derived from the evolutionary structure of the society and changing needs of time, as both are under the pressure of economic constraints. Coworking spaces, increase collaboration, social interaction, and collective intelligence between individuals. Coworking spaces are split into categories regarding the user type and the opportunities they provide. This paper presents a comparative study about coworking spaces for startup companies and entrepreneurs in Istanbul. 3 different coworking facilities with various characteristics in terms of organization, space design and user profile have been selected from the city, and they have been elaborated according to their spatial features and their contribution to creativity and entrepreneurship.
Barriers affecting incremental innovation in design-led SMEs in China's Greater Bay Area
Authors: Wu Xiuxiu , Wai Michael Siu Kin , Buehring Joern
Published: June 2022

In this study, we review and explore the critical barriers affecting design-led small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. Eight in-depth interviews are conducted with key decision-makers in the innovation process, representing a range of SMEs. The results show that collectivism, hierarchy, and market factors are unique barriers to SMEs in the GBA. Collectivist culture is the fundamental and macro factor that hinders innovation. It results in employers possessing most of the decision-making power in firms, whereas employees at lower levels can only provide basic skills to accomplish tasks without the motivation to innovate. The middle-level leaders in these enterprises are essential for internal knowledge creation and smoothing the information flow between members, thereby stimulating innovation. Moreover, under collectivism and hierarchy, design has become a rigid process linked to achieving key performance indicators (KPIs) instead of acting as a creative endeavor for designers. Instead of motivating employees to work creatively, KPIs force them to achieve only minimal goals at work. In addition, collectivism leads to a more extreme design strategy in which employers and designers tend to imitate existing products on the market, rather than taking risks to develop novel products and services that generally require a large amount of time to generate any commercial value.
Broadband development and firm creation: Dif-in-dif estimates for Germany
Authors: Sarachuk Kirill , Missler Magdalena
Published: June 2022

Although some of the outcomes of the digital transformation are reflected in the scientific literature, the connection between high-speed internet transmission rates and firm entries is still poorly studied. While some positive impact of basic broadband availability in Germany was found in our previous studies, in this paper we decided to examine the effects of better broadband coverage between 2014 and 2019 (second implementation phase of EU Digital Agenda) by applying dif-in-dif method. Except for ICT firms in district areas and a whole sample of firms in production sector, our dif-in-dif estimates seem to be statistically insignificant. That supports a view that just a certain speed of internet is necessary for the entrepreneurial milieu, while higher transmission rates are beneficial only in some particular cases.
The Wardrobe for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Costa Pereira Carla , Pinto Joana , Montagna Gianni , Carvalho Cristina
Published: June 2022

Autism is a developmental brain disorder that affects communication skills and social integration, often exposing stereotyped and repetitive patterns. People with this syndrome have an overreaction or underreaction to different sensory stimuli, presenting difficulty in sharing emotions and interpreting body languages.There are studies confirming different reactions between genders, and it is pertinent to analyse how both adapt to the act of dressing and to the reception of different pieces of clothing.Neglecting the practice of Fashion representation and highlighting the functionality of the act of covering and protecting the body, this study aims to discover the wardrobe of a patient with ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorder) and to know how Design can be more inclusive to improve their wellbeing. Being just the beginning of the investigation, now still based on literature review and pre-test results, the conclusion of the study is not fully defined. Elements of Fashion Design have not all been tested, and the small sample results reflect the needs of caregivers more than the needs of patients
Investigating the Factors Affecting the Thermal and Tactile Comfort of Summer Undergarments
Authors: Lee Kapo , Yip Joanne , Lun Yick Kit
Published: June 2022

Hong Kong is often playfully called the “Frozen City” because the air-conditioning in many buildings operates at frigid temperatures during the summer. However, the large temperature differences between the external and internal environments could cause a large array of illnesses, especially children who are not aware of the temperature changes and are less likely to have self-care ability. Therefore, wearing appropriate undergarments or summer underwear could be one of the solutions. However, there are few studies that have investigated the thermal and tactile comfort of summer underwear. In this study, physical experiments, KES-FB measurements, and a wear trial are done to address the lack of studies. Seven conventional types of materials for undergarments are tested. The results indicate that lighter, thinner, and low stitch density fabrics constructed with uniform filaments increase breathability and enhance moisture wicking. Also, uniform fibres increase the thermal conductivity thus enhancing a cooler feeling. In regards tactile comfort, lighter and thinner materials with a higher percentage of elastane, finer yarn, and uniform and long fibres offer a softer, smoother, and cooler hand feel. In addition, the pure cotton material appears to more regulate body temperature as the resultant undergarment facilitates a higher rate of perspiration despite clinging. These results are a good reference for materials scientists, textile researchers as well as academics to further related research work.
Adapting Jane Austen to the screen: fashion and costume in Autumn de Wilde’s movie "Emma
Authors: Manuel Figueiredo Carlos , Rafaela Diogo Ana , André Leite Joana
Published: June 2022

The visual and behavioral codes prevalent in society at any given moment are part of its social conventions and constitute a framework that rules everyone´s image, dress and the attitudes that society not only tolerates but expects from them. However, it is unquestionable that despite the rigidity and formality imposed on personal appearance and manners, it is still possible to find some room to play with the possibilities afforded to people, albeit conditioned by their social status, so as to manage to express their inner self, mood, and even outlook on life, at any point in time. What is more, it is possible for an individual inserted in such a society to become the center around which everything revolves and trace a path to success, without necessarily trespassing any of the red lines drawn by society's norms. In her novels, Jane Austen chose as protagonists middle to upper class young women that stand out by managing to, in the limited scope of action afforded to them, work society in their favour so as to achieve their perceived notions of fulfillment and personal happiness. Based on one of Austen's novels Emma, and its 2020 movie adaptation directed by Autumn de Wilde, we will assess how Alexandra Byrne’s costumes work in relation to the aesthetics of Emma’s world and surroundings. As well as investigate how they showcase, are impacted and can even be read as symbolic representations of the course of her life, evolution and relationships in this movie, which is considered to be particularly faithful to the novel.Keeping this in mind, we will analyse several scenes that are key both in terms of the plot and the costumes of the main character—Emma. This analysis will consider filmic and design notions of characters, narrative and space, as well as their construction and representation. It will focus on questions of storytelling regarding how the viewer is informed about Emma’s personality and mood, as well as capable of feeling her emotions, in the key events of the plot. As well as try to answer why and how Emma and her costumes remain the main focus in almost every shot of the movie, and how components such as the fictional space, its framing and composition are always in relation and dependent on her and her portrayal.Despite this movie being Autumn de Wilde’s debut, her mastery of notions of visual hierarchies, aesthetics and cinematic techniques that keep Emma highlighted and the focus of the action at all times, in the foreground of the shot, is undeniable. This translates to impeccably shot spaces that are completely in tune with the costumes, providing a sense of ease or contrast to the characters' relation to the space, further highlighting the subjects in the main action.In such an aesthetically developed piece, it is then also unavoidable that Emma’s every interaction and the development of her relationships will have a direct impact on her inner image, and therefore her outer image, affecting her relation and attachments to her costumes.
STVgoDigital Project: The contribution of industry and scientific and technological system for fashion ecosystem digitalization
Authors: Madalena Pereira Maria , Nuno Oliveira João , Oliveira João , Miguel Rui , Morgado José , Pereira Manuel , Gonçalves Manuel , Barata João
Published: June 2022

Digitalization is the act of deploying digital technologies to transform available business models and generate new revenue and value-producing opportunities (Gartner 2018). Digitalization is also called Industry 4.0. Several projects have emerged to respond to the challenges of Industry 4.0 and that, in some way, can respond to questions and problems found in an era of sustainability in the TCI (textile and clothing industry) supply chain, namely new business models for value creation. The STVgoDigital project, with the leadership of the “Têxtil Manuel Gonçalves” company, developed in partnership between the Portuguese textile and clothing industry and organizations of the scientific and technological system, allowing the development of advanced technology and market solutions applied to the fashion ecosystem. Thus, the objective of this project is to develop a digital platform (B2B and B2C) that contributes to the digitalization of processes from design to production and consumer with a horizontal and vertical integration system and allows responding to the problems of the new generations of fashion designers. For its development, a multidisciplinary team was formed (engineers, designers, informatics, managers, among others) to formulate the digital platform and interconnection with micro-factories production for a specific business model in the textile and clothing industry. It is concluded that the STVgoDigital project can contribute to a global level in this new digital and sustainable era: create value in the Portuguese textile and clothing industry and include more significant participation of designers and artists in the sector’s value chains, both nationally and internationally.Keywords: Industry 4.0, Fashion Ecosystem, Portuguese Textile, and Clothing Industry
Design of tread patterns for use with novel composite outsole materials for slip-resistant footwear
Authors: Bagheri Shaghayegh , Gide Kunal , Dutta Tilak
Published: June 2022

The ultimate goal of this research is to prevent fall-related injuries for workers exposed to outdoor winter conditions through the development of slip-resistant footwear based on novel composite materials and optimization of tread pattern design to retain its properties over extended use. This research will answer the following research question: how do tread pattern design features (tread depth, shape, orientation, and surface area) effect the slip-resistance of footwear with outsoles made up of a combination of novel composite and conventional materials? The objective of this project is to identify the relationship between tread pattern and slip-resistance on icy surfaces for footwear based on novel composite materials.
Design as an enhancer of the circular economy in fashion
Authors: Carreto Catarina , Carreto Rui
Published: June 2022

This article aims to address new territories of influence, whose theme of circular economy inspired the territory of design. Circular economy is a concept based on the operationalization of the reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling of products, materials and energy. The linear process that defined fashion's end of life gave way to new models and circular flows of reuse, where design has an important role to play. The emerging theories of circular design are based on the same principles, promoting a sustainable future and whose project methodology already addressed.We can see that these principles are portrayed in an initiatory way in the project methodologies disseminated in school manuals. Perhaps the little depth of the phases that make up the methodology make these “new” innovative approaches appear. In our view, circular design is a reinterpretation of the project method-ology. The design thinking is verified as a fundamental mental process of the methodology, whose lack of knowledge about the specific knowledge of this theme leads to the emergence of parallel lines or new approaches that divide and highlight certain moments of the methodology to the detriment of others.With this investigation it is our intention to clarify concepts and ways of acting. Demonstrate graphic models that show that circular design is already applied in the analysis of the project methodology, both in the macro structure and in the micro structure.We can say that design is verified by the usability of the products but assuming that there is a new applicability, the strategic. Thus, design must be more globally involved in the creation of new products, overcoming the death of objects in their functionality. We are considering a new sustainability territory that reinterprets planned obsolescence in fashion.
Biodyes: A new solution for textile dyeing technology
Authors: Carvalho Cristina , Montagna Gianni , Costa Pereira Carla , Manuel Figueiredo Carlos
Published: June 2022

The Textile Industry is one of the most representative industries in the world's industrial structure and has always assumed an important role in the national economy. Globally, and according to a study by Grand View Research, this industry represented 961.5 billion dollars in 2019 (Grand View Research - Global textile market 2020-2027).However, this sector represents the second most polluting industry in the world, and the environmental impacts occur, above all, in terms of water consumption, soil erosion, CO2 emissions and the resulting residues.The textile industry is responsible for the production of 2.1 billion tons of waste, most of which are discarded into the water ecosystem, essentially during the dyeing processes. In fact, dyeing is one of the most polluting processes in the textile industry, representing a high source of pollution of water circuits and environmental ecosystem. According to the World Bank, textile dyeing industries are responsible for 20% of industrial water pollution.This reality acquires even greater proportion when analyzing the quantities of dyes produced. Every year, it is estimated that around 10,000 types of dyes and pigments, and 7x105 tons of synthetic dyes are produced in the market, for this sector. From this production, more than 200,000 tons of dyes are released into industrial effluents during the textile processing phases (dyeing and finishing).To reduce the environmental footprint caused by the textile industry, the replacement of synthetic dyes by others from natural compounds has been the subject of extensive research, through the development of new ways of coloring textile materials.One of the emerging research areas is related to the exploration of obtaining natural dyes, from microorganisms, called Biodyes.The research aims to develop a sustainable dyeing process, through the production of biodyes, from the metabolic study of the production of microorganisms.It is known the potential that exists in the generation of color and a wide spectrum of functionalities, from biotechnology, regarding the metabolic pathway of certain microorganisms, in the specific case from bacteria such as E. Coli. The main advantages of the innovation proposed in the investigation of this research work are compared to synthetic dyes/pigments, its very low environmental impact, in terms of consumption of material and energy resources, environmental pollution and non-toxicity of the resulting effluents. At the same time, the production of dyes from microorganisms, bacteria and/or fungi, has benefits compared to natural alternatives of plant origin due to its independence from seasonal limitations and climatic conditions, as well as the rapid growth of some substances and therefore with much higher biological yields and consequent industrial application.
Color Analysis and Application of Luo Fabric Based on Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Long Ren , Han Wenyi , Zeng Xin , Wang Yiming , Ming Xiong Mei
Published: June 2022

Luo, a traditional Chinese silk fabric, is famous for its lightness and softness. Due to its difficulty in weaving and the lack of development in line with contemporary trends, it gradually disappeared from people's vision. Therefore, in order to clarify the color matching rules of traditional woven fabrics and complete the redesign of the intangible cultural heritage of woven fabrics, this paper introduces the K-means clustering algorithm to extract the main colors of the sorted images of woven fabrics and similar fabrics, and build a standard color card. The model with color network. Taking the design of Luo and silk products produced in Wuluo—ancient Wu land as a practical case, it is verified that Luo fabric standard color card and color network model can provide a theoretical basis for the redesign of Luo products, and provide inspiration and inspiration for Luo's color design. Decision-making suggestions to promote the inheritance and development of Wuluo intangible cultural heritage.
Flexible coverings: (Re)dressing bodies and facades. Analogies between the epidermis of our body and the epidermis of our buildings facades
Authors: Couceiro Marlene , Carvalho Cristina
Published: June 2022

Combining the need to (re)dress bodies and façades with the will to adorn, let's consider the wide possibilities that textiles and new materials offer, to point out more sustainable solutions, that can counteract thermal discomfort. Both clothing and buildings protect and shelter the body while providing a means to express the identity of the wearer.In this study, we explore our relationship between interior and exterior. Clothing and housing are presented as an extension of our skin. They allow us to improve the thermal comfort of the users and the dwellings. Fabric structures are used to cover bodies and to clad the structure of buildings, used in both with the same function of protection and thermoregulation. There are numerous constructive advantages in the use of textiles from the translucency of the material, light construction and quick assembly, significant energy savings, flexibility, and adaptability to the site. When there is damage to building infrastructure, caused for example by terrorism or earthquakes, there is often a need for prefabricated, transportable solutions. Textiles used in tent systems are still a referenced solution for emergency shelters due to their lightness, ease of transport and assembly by volunteers without technical training. This research locates textiles used in architecture from their initial use to the present day. We will present examples used by traditional cultures, but also contemporary and innovative constructions. Our study motivates a set of connections, between the User, Textiles, Architecture and Materials. We start with the most comprehensive and transversal connections, like the frequent association of skin to clothing and then clothes to our dwellings. In a second moment some more specific and specialized references, in which we will point out some textiles and coverings, which have incorporated characteristics of flexibility, adaptability and interaction.In this study we present some versatile, adaptable, and ecological structures, which reflect the environmental and social changes of our society. We conclude that the use of textiles in architecture, allows to improve the thermal comfort of the users, to express their identity and to respond to humanitarian needs.
Validation and Reliability of Sizestream 3D scanner using Regression modeling
Authors: Tiwari Manoj , Anand Noopur
Published: June 2022

3D scanning has evolved as one of the most advanced and accurate technology to measure humans and products. Quick and reliable results achieved by 3D scanning over manual measurements, make it the most preferred tool for measurement. 3D scanning has been extensively used in various national sizing surveys worldwide. The 3D scan results are compared to the manual measurements to establish the accuracy of the scanner. This research paper describes a novel and alternative approach to check the reliability and validity of the measures derived from 3D Body Scanner in comparison to measures provided by the manual measures.The 3-D Body scanning was done by Sizestream 3D Body Scanner - SS14. The manual body measurements were taken by experienced experts using an anthropometer, stadiometer, and certified flexible non-stretchable steel tape. In total 133 subjects (68 male and 65 female subjects) covering 102 body dimensions were taken manually and were used while comparing 3D scan measurements to establish the validity and reliability of the scanner. The procedure adopted for validation and reliability check for the 3D scanner was as prescribed in the ISO 20685(2005) and ISO 20685(2018). It was observed that the Sizestream - SS14 scanners used were highly consistent in measuring the subjects, though a systematic error was reported in the process failing some of the measurements in terms of accuracy levels (as per ISO 8559 and ISO 20685(2005)) achieved against manual measurements used as the gold standards. Subsequently, a novel approach based on regression modeling was applied to establish scanning accuracy.This research paper describes the validation and reliability procedure as per ISO protocols. It also discusses the regression-based statistical procedure adopted to confirm the desired measurement accuracy of the scanners within the permissible error limits of ISO 20685and ISO 8559.
Offloading performance of insole materials during walking for diabetic patients
Authors: Zhang Liying , Lun Yick Kit , Yip Joanne , Pui Ng Sun
Published: June 2022

Repetitive high pressure on the plantar of the foot along with loss of protective sensation is one of the key factors that result in diabetic foot ulceration. Orthopedic insoles have been proven to significantly reduce the peak plantar pressure. It is anticipated that the offloading performance of insoles is mainly influenced by the properties of insole materials. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the immediate offloading performance of 3D insoles designed with 4 different types of insole materials during walking. The PORON® Medical 4708 insole has the best offloading performance for each foot region compared to the other insole materials. Compared to the barefoot condition, the peak pressure with the use of the PORON® Medical 4708 insole is reduced by 37% on the entire plantar surface, 40% at the medial rearfoot, 42% at the lateral rearfoot, 12% at the lateral midfoot, 19% at the 1st metatarsal head (MTH), 59% at the 2nd - 4th MTHs, 46% in the 5th MTH, 4% at the hallux, and 7% at the other toes. Softer insole materials have better offloading performance compared to the harder materials during walking.
Making Art Through Textile
Authors: Bieger Isabel
Published: June 2022

Art is an important point in our life. Show our culture, our ideas, our knowledge, our creativity and our sensibility. Through art we can Know what the people think in the time of history. Art is the manifestation of beliefs, showing what people demonstrating critical capacity of the history that we are living or lived in some time. For doing art artists using different kind of material. Someone paints, others do sculptures, or even many materials are possible to use together for manifestation art and opinions. Here we will talk about textile material. The many facets of the fabric, how it can be transformed in art with creativity.We choose to talk about the work that Daisy May Collingridge do to transform simple textile in real work of art. How she manifests her opinion through art using textile like a base for after, transform into squishier. Sometimes criticized about the impact caused in the public, her brilliant idea of transforming fabric in sculpture show us her personality.
Thermal comfort of buildings and their occupants - Dialogue between Nature, Textiles and Architecture
Authors: Couceiro Marlene , Carvalho Cristina
Published: June 2022

Our research has the general objective of combating thermal discomfort and improving the interaction between the user and the space, through the application of new materials. Textiles have been used in architecture since mankind began to build. One of the advantages of their use is that they improve thermal comfort without increasing energy consumption. Our daily life imposes on us a fast pace, and textiles try to keep up with this movement. However, the floors and coverings of the spaces do not reflect this speed. We estimate a benefit referring to an improvement in terms of user's comfort, if our building could adapt to the situations to which it is subjected, reversibly changing according to the circumstances to which it is exposed. We intend to observe Nature, with the aim of presenting strategies, which can contribute to finding alternative solutions, which accompany these changes, especially meteorological ones.The fur, feathers and scales, the body wrapping of animals, function similarly to the skin of humans, and have different functions (protection, communication, sensation, thermoregulation). Analysis of their protective and regulatory functions provide a starting point, for experiments in textiles and buildings. In this research we will focus on animal cooling and heating techniques, to try to find solutions, based on fauna and flora observation, to formulate possible textile and architectural applications. We will also observe some climatic zones with exaggerated characteristics, to understand how the human being has adapted to these places.It is by no means intended to exhaust the subject, however we will indicate some behavioral strategies and anatomical features that help animals regulate their body temperature. Whenever possible trying to correlate with already existing examples in textiles and Architecture. This article analyzes the possibilities of integrating some animal characteristics, in textiles and coatings with the objective of improving its thermal performance. We believe that by changing the color or applying new materials incorporated into the structures of our clothing or the coatings of our buildings, we can achieve our purpose: to improve thermal comfort. The use of darker shades, allow to absorb more solar radiation and heat the human body or the walls of houses. While the use of lighter shades, contribute to a greater reflection of sunlight, which allows to avoid the heating of the surfaces, favoring the reduction of temperature. We intend with this study to understand the dynamics of Nature, to understand how it solves its problems, to understand its general process of efficiency, to observe its diversity and complexity, with the objective of taking advantage of this inexhaustible source of inspiration for Design, for Textiles, for Architecture. It seems possible to improve the thermal comfort of buildings and their occupants through the production and application of responsive materials.
Lighting applied to textile industries to increase the welfare of personnel and business productivity
Authors: Espejo Hernan , Morris Lloyd , Cachimuel Carlos , Segura Juan
Published: June 2022

Lighting engineering, the science in charge of determining the necessary lev-els of illumination in the spaces destined to the development of daily activi-ties, considers that in industry, optimal levels of illumination allow activities to develop in an adequate environment, in addition to increasing the well-being of the employees and, consequently, increasing the productivity of the companies; Several studies have been conducted worldwide related to the analysis of lighting in different work activities, showing that it is an aspect to be improved in workplaces, it has also been identified that the lack of light-ing has a substantial impact on the psychophysiological processes of vision, so the objective of this study is to develop a systematic proposal to identify the level of lighting in industries engaged in garment manufacturing and pro-pose a scheme to ensure adequate levels of lighting, for this, the procedures provided in the Mexican Official Standard are applied: NOM-025-STPS-2008, for the luminotechnical study and the results are compared with the Spanish Standard: UNE-EN 12464-1:2022, identifying a 50 52% of non-compliance with the expected standard; from the diagnosis a lighting pro-posal is developed using the software DIALux evo 8. 2 software for design and simulation. From the expected results, it is estimated that with the im-plementation of the proposal, 100% compliance with the required lighting standards will be achieved, energy productivity will be increased by 462% in the application area and, according to other research, the labor welfare of employees will be improved by 40% thanks to adequate levels of brightness in their workstations, as well as the reduction of visual discomfort.
Assistive relief tool for special psychological symptom groups during pandemic - pressure clothing design based on virtual contact principles
Authors: Liu Yunjuan
Published: June 2022

During the COV-19 pandemic, some special populations - groups of early childhood and people with autism, among others - faced more profound challenges than the common people. The lack of real physical contact such as embracing greatly affected the effectiveness of development, psychiatric treatment and other processes for these populations. This study aims to develop clothing with appropriate contact pressure based on the contact comfort principle of psychology, provide a type of pressure clothing that can relieve the wearer’s tension by simulating hugging, alleviating the lack of physical contact for early childhood education and special education groups during the pandemic. First, the elementary requirements of clothing design are attained using a questionnaire survey and test method. The analysis revealed that clothing should fulfil the four requirements of pressure comfort, fabric softness, wearing and taking off comfort, and visual beauty. Second, we realized the performance requirements in the fabric and accessories, style design, structure design, and functional design. Finally, the product experience is proposed through a fitting, and the reasonable opinions were fed back to the product design to enhance the functionality of clothing. The research shows that clothing can simulate hugging and can ease the loneliness of the wearer. This study can be used as a good tool to assist during the pandemic for early childhood education and special psychological symptom groups, as well as a broader group of people living alone at home, to play an adjunctive treatment and loneliness relief functions.
Decision Support Systems for Route Planning: Impacts on Performance and Trust
Authors: Frame Mary , Armstrong Jessica , Schlessman Bradley
Published: June 2022

Decision Support Systems (DSS) and other performance augmentation tools are increasingly leveraged by the military to recommend courses of action and improve analyst performance on critical tasks. This is particularly important for path planning operations, where analysts must consider complex tradeoffs and contingencies based on available assets, distance, and target priority. To emulate this environment in a more general applied context, we developed a path planning task that emulated long-range delivery truck dispatch. Participants conducted a quality control check on four scenarios, each with a simulated DSS that recommended truck allocations, which ranged from perfect (100%) accuracy to subpar (40%) accuracy. Each participant also received one of four explanations for how the DSS algorithm would determine where trucks should be allocated: (1) no explanation, (2) a simple written explanation, (3) a flowchart, or (4) annotated tables. Participants demonstrated appropriately lower trust of DSS that had lower accuracy. Despite this appropriate trust calibration, their quality control performance was significantly lower when exposed to a DSS that had below perfect accuracy. Further, participants who self-reported higher levels of experience with path planning and AI algorithms demonstrated lower quality control accuracy. This demonstrates that while participants were able to successfully calibrate trust in their DSS, they nevertheless experienced performance decrements, possibly due to anchoring on the DSS’s incorrect result. Participants demonstrated the greatest understanding, strongest trust, and highest subjective preference for the simple written explanation of the DSS’s algorithm over more complex presentations, including a flowchart or annotated tables. The findings of this study provide the groundwork to understand the relationship between automation-reliance, trust, and performance, to determine when it is most appropriate to allow automation to make recommendations to analysts in operational environments and when DSS under-reliability may impact or increase human error.
Influence of Head up Display on Visual Fatigue and Eye-Hand Discoordination in Runway Incursion Scenarios
Authors: Ge Xiangyu , Shao Shuyu , Meng Yingqian
Published: June 2022

In contrast to Primary Flight Display (PFD), Head-up Display (HUD) has not been found to conducive to the detection of runway incursions, altough visual fatigue and eye-hand discoordination have both been cited as important factors in this regard. Background：Few studies that assess the impact of HUD on visual fatigue and eye-hand coordination. Method：In addressing this deficit, we performed a simulation flight test that detects runway incursion by deploying the A320 cockpit visual simulation system that integrates HUD. Results：The results demonstrate the percentage of eye-hand discoordination with HUD was 18.75%, thereby exceeding the 8.40% recorded in the application of PFD by 10.35%. Hand manipulation duration and frequency analysis indicates that it helps to reduce the pilot’s physical load. The results also demonstrate that the linear fitting coefficient of pupil diameter change over time when HUD is applied is -0.000055 less than the 0.000009 evidenced when PFD is applied. Conclusion：These results lead to the conclusion, flight operating error and visual fatigue are more easily triggered by HUD during the landing phase. Application：The results of this study may contribute to the evaluation of the application and design of HUD, along with the analysis of pilot’s visual fatigue and performance runway incursion prevention.
Analysis of Assembly Errors using Systems Thinking Approach: Application of the HFACS Framework
Authors: Torres Yaniel , Nadeau Sylvie , Landau Kurt
Published: June 2022

Using a systemic and human-centered approach to analyze quality deficiencies in complex manual assemblies can help to shift the focus towards the role of systems failures instead of focusing on the operators' actions. This paper features the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework, to identify several contributing factors to quality deficiencies in a manufacturing environment. Overall, 34 factors were identified. Some 56% were associated with the human operator and operating environment, while 44% were related to organizational influences and supervisory factors. The latter included inadequate design/update of working instructions, variability in production demands, high complexity of product design, and lack of guidelines on shift scheduling and overtime allocation best practices. Although HFACS was able to provide a "big picture" of the situation analyzed, it requires that the user possess a good understanding of the operational aspects of the system and have ample access to data and information. Particularly for latent conditions, which are not so easy to detect.
Procedure Progression Similarity, an Aspect of Dependence between Human Failure Events
Authors: Kim Yochan , Kim Jaewhan , Park Jinkyun
Published: June 2022

To characterize the probabilistic nature of human errors, many kinds of human reliability analysis (HRA) techniques have been developed and applied. HRA practitioners assess the dependencies between human failure events based on some contextual factors because of the belief that the failure of a previous action can influence the reliability of a subsequent action. Among the factors determining such dependency, there is an issue regarding the similarity between the procedure progressions of different events. In many abnormal or emergency situations, the operators respond to the plant situations using procedures consisting of several sequential steps. Because the operators work by following the procedural sequences, how reliably they transfer to the relevant procedures is significant to the human reliabilities. In terms of dependency, it can be seen that two events have a common factor producing human failures if they are performed with similar procedural sequences. Therefore, the similarity between procedure progressions should be counted in the dependency assessment of any HRA technique. This paper asserts the importance of such procedure progression similarity in dependency analyses and proposes two ways to estimate the joint error probability that comes from the similarity. The first approach decomposes the human error probabilities and identifies the probabilities commonly involved in both events based on the EMBRACE method. The second approach quantifies the similarity using a sequence alignment technique and estimates the dependency level based on similarity scores for traditional HRA methods. With some application studies, we discuss potential improvements of current dependency analysis and future works.
Characterization of Recovery Human Action Mechanisms in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Heo Yunyeong , Ahn Jeeyea , Jun Lee Seung , Boring Ronald , Park Jooyoung
Published: June 2022

Recovery human action is defined as the action that prevents deviant conditions from producing unwanted effects. Analyzing recovery actions has been a critical part in human reliability analysis (HRA). However, there are a couple of limitations to treat recovery actions only depending on the current HRA methods. Representatively, the existing recovery analysis does not specifically consider recovery actions as are occurred in actual nuclear power plants (NPPs). The overall goal of this study aims to develop a novel recovery analysis method to account for human action recoveries in context of scenarios as well as complement the limitations of existing recovery analysis. In this paper, the recovery analysis in current HRA methods and their challenges are introduced. A strategy to achieve the goal is introduced with a modified recovery definition. Then, how we have researched the approach will be introduced in the paper.
Dynamic Approach to Dependency Analysis in Human Reliability Analysis: Application in a Steam Generator Tube Rupture Scenario
Authors: Ahn Jeeyea , Heo Yunyeong , Jun Lee Seung , Boring Ronald , Park Jooyoung
Published: June 2022

Dependence analysis refers to a method for adjusting the failure probability for a human action by considering the impact of the preceding human action in human reliability analysis (HRA). Most of the existing dependence analysis methods have been developed based on the approach suggested in the Technique for Human Error-Rate Prediction (THERP) HRA method. However, the THERP-based approaches may have limitations. For instance, it inevitably presents challenges regarding both the subjectivity of expert evaluation as well as experience using dependence for resource-intensive and time-consuming complex analyses. In addition, the THERP-based quantification approaches rarely explain the adjustment of human error probabilities (HEPs), since the quantification processes do not concretely account for the context at the moment when the action is present. For these reasons, the authors’ previous studies have conceptually suggested a dynamic approach to evaluating dependencies by extending the existing performance shaping factor (PSF) concept used for quantifying HEPs in HRA. The conventional PSF modeling methods are limited to separate modeling for each HFE. However, this study suggests PSFs can affect a set of human actions or a multiple HFE rather than a single HFE. With this assumption, the authors simplified the dependency analysis process to efficiently evaluate dependencies and increase the quantification speed with more explicable backgrounds. In this paper, the authors mainly focus on dependency quantification over time. This study utilizes the eight PSFs suggested in the Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-HRA (SPAR-H) method. The mathematical models and logical algorithms are investigated through literature. Integrating the effects of PSFs to generate HEPs with dependency effects is also investigated. Then, the applicability of the dynamic method is investigated based on a design-based accident scenario, steam generator tube rupture. Lastly, insights from this approach are discussed in the paper.
The Formation Mechanism of Team Decision-making Errors in Digital Nuclear Power plants
Authors: Wen Jing , Li Pengcheng
Published: June 2022

In order to identify the mechanism of team decision-making errors (TDMEs), firstly, the concept of TDMEs is defined, and on the basis of on-site observations and simulation experiments, the team decision-making behaviors in the digital main control room of nuclear power plants (NPPs) are analyzed when facing event of an accident . Then, the specific classifications of behaviors and errors of team decision-making (TDM) are conducted, the contextual factors confronted with TDM are analyzed and classified specifically also. Furthermore, identifying the effects of contextual factors on team decision-making so as to extract the main influencing factors. Finally, the interactions between the influencing factors of TDMEs and their priorities are recognized through Interpretative Structural Modeling(ISM) methods, and a causal conceptual model is developed to reveal the formation mechanism of team decision-making errors(TDMEs), which provides theoretical basis for preventing TDMEs in digital NPPs.
Sustainability of Human Resources: A Heuristic Approach
Authors: Moayed Farman , Cribelar Kendall , Smith Annette
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Companies increasingly recognize the effects of socially and environmentally responsible decisions and investment in the sustainability of their businesses. Skilled and well-trained employees (human resources) are like valuable and scares resources and should be managed in sustainable manners. Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) field can help management identify potential problem areas and improve the working conditions to minimize waste such as turnover, injury, absenteeism, etc. The employees’ performance can be used as an indicator of sustainability. Objective: To develop a heuristic model to assess the sustainability of human resources by utilizing micro-, meso, and macro-ergonomics factors, which can be used as diagnostic tool for improvement.Method: A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed among two different organization (a hospital and a manufacturing company). Three different indices of E/HF were calculated as well as performance index. The correlation between indices were studied and three-dimensional plots were created to evaluate the validity of the heuristic model.Finding: There were insignificant correlation between the E/HF indices and performance index in both organization, however, the responses from the manufacturing company matched the heuristic model better than hospital. Conclusion: The heuristic model developed in this study appeared to be viable to assess the sustainability of human resources. Additional work or different methods need to be implemented to validate the results. It seems that the survey should be custom designed for different industry since different factors and elements can affect the sustainability of human resources in each industry.
Design and Production of Hybrid Products
Authors: M. Sampaio Álvaro , Lima André , Silva Catia , Catarina Martins Miranda Ana , J. Pontes António
Published: June 2022

Injection moulding (IM) is a well-known and widely employed fabrication process, which allows the production of versatile and lightweight parts, with precise dimensional tolerance. Multi-material and multi-component products are achieved by means of process variations of the conventional IM. Although the resulting products present combined properties and functionalities, the available techniques require specific machinery and complex tooling design. This paper presents a new processing approach, based in a hybrid method, for the fabrication of multi-material products, with enhanced functionality, based in the combination of IM with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies by means of overmoulding process.