bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Spread of Monkeypox in USA with Vertical Transmission and Saturated Treatment
Authors: Kumar Arun , Kumari Nitu , Kumar Sumit
Published: December 2024

In this study, we present a comprehensive mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) type infectious diseases. Our model incorporates various factors that play crucial roles in disease transmission and control, including saturated incidence, vertical transmission, inherited passive immunity in newborns of susceptible and recovered individuals, and treatment. We explore the interplay between these factors and their impact on disease spread and control measures using a reduced SI model. After ensuring the existence of the model, we obtain the stability of the system around the disease-free and endemic equilibria. Also, for comprehending the long-term dynamics of the system, we obtain the results of persistence and global stability. By varying the parameters, we observe various bifurcations in the reduced SI system such as backward, transcritical, saddle-node, and Hopf bifurcations. To understand the behavior of the medication rate, vertical transmission, and the measure of passive immunity of newborns in the $S$ and $R$ compartments, we conduct numerical simulations that investigate the existence of periodic solutions through Hopf bifurcation, elucidating multiple endemic bubbles in the bifurcation diagram. We also validate the proposed system for the zoonotic disease by analyzing the $2022$ monkeypox outbreak in the USA using daily new infection data obtained from the official website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). By demonstrating that our simulations of the reduced SI model is closely aligned with officially reported data and average daily cases, policymakers can have confidence in its predictive capabilities, enhancing their ability to anticipate and respond to future outbreaks effectively. We have followed the dual approach of validating analytical results both theoretically as well as empirically using real data. This dual approach distinguishes our work from existing studies, which typically focus on either modeling a specific disease or exploring hypothetical dynamics exclusively.
The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey. VII. Six Millisecond Pulsars in Compact Orbits with Massive White Dwarf Companions
Authors: Yang Z. L. , Han J. L. , Wang T. , Wang P. F. , Su W. Q. , Chen W. C. , Wang C. , Zhou D. J. , Yan Y. , Jing W. C. , Cai N. N. , Xie L. , Xu J. , Wang H. G. , Xu R. X.
Published: December 2024

Binary millisecond pulsars with a massive white dwarf (WD) companion are intermediate-mass binary pulsars (IMBPs). They are formed via the Case BB Roche-lobe overflow evolution channel if they are in compact orbits with an orbital period of less than 1 day. They are fairly rare in the known pulsar population; only five such IMBPs have been discovered before, and one of them is in a globular cluster. Here we report six IMBPs in compact orbits: PSRs J0416+5201, J0520+3722, J1919+1341, J1943+2210, J1947+2304 and J2023+2853, discovered during the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, doubling the number of such IMBPs due to the high survey sensitivity in the short survey time of 5 minutes. Follow-up timing observations show that they all have either a CO WD or an ONeMg WD companion with a mass greater than about 0.8 M
⊙ in a very circular orbit with an eccentricity in the order of  ≲10−5. PSR J0416+5201 should be an ONeMg WD companion with a remarkable minimum mass of 1.28 M
⊙. These massive WD companions lead to a detectable Shapiro delay for PSRs J0416+5201, J0520+3722, J1943+2210, and J2023+2853, indicating that their orbits are highly inclined. From the measurement of the Shapiro delay, the pulsar mass of J1943+2210 was constrained to be 1.84

−
0.09

+
0.11

M
⊙, and that of PSR J2023+2853 to be 1.28

−
0.05

+
0.06

M
⊙.
The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey. VIII. 116 Binary Pulsars
Authors: Wang P. F. , Han J. L. , Yang Z. L. , Wang T. , Wang C. , Su W. Q. , Xu J. , Zhou D. J. , Yan Yi , Jing W. C. , Cai N. N. , Yuan J. P. , Xu R. X. , Wang H. G. , You X. P.
Published: December 2024

Finding pulsars in binaries is important for measurements of the masses of neutron stars (NSs), for tests of gravity theories, and for studies of star evolution. We are carrying out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey (GPPS) by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Here we present the Keplerian parameters for 116 newly discovered pulsars in the FAST GPPS survey and obtain timing solutions for 29 pulsars. Companions of these pulsars are He white dwarfs (WDs), CO/ONe WDs, NSs, main sequence stars and ultra light objects or even planets. Our observations uncover eclipses of eight binary systems. The optical counterpart for the companion of PSR J1908+1036 is identified. The Post-Keplerian parameter

ω

̇

for the double NS systems PSR J0528+3529 and J1844-0128 have been measured, with which the total masses of the binary systems are determined.
Research on the effect of pressure relief structure on the fast cook-off response Characteristics of fuze
Authors: Liu Rui-feng , Fan Chen-yang , Xu Rui , Qu Zhuo-jun , Ban Hui-feng
Published: December 2024

Designing a pressure relief structure is an essential method to mitigate the intensity of the cookoff process in the fuze. In order to investigate the influence of the venting structure on the fast cook-off response characteristics of the fuze, a fast cook-off test with and without pressure relief structures was designed for typical naval gun ammunition fuses, and a universal cook-off model (UCM) suitable for fast cook-off was developed for simulation to obtain the response characteristics of fuzes under different conditions. The results indicate that the fuze with sealed structure undergoes deflagration reactions, while the fuze with a vented structure undergoes burning reactions. The venting structure significantly reduces the reaction intensity of the fuze but has a minor effect on response time. The ignition position is located in the central area at the bottom of the fuze, with the ignition temperature of JHX-1 approximately 483K, and the RDX component dominates the ignition process. The developed UCM model can accurately predict the impact of internal pressure variations on the reaction process within the fuze, the internal pressure of the fuze booster explosive decreases by 24.32% when the venting structure is flushed open, which effectively slowing down the chemical reaction process and reducing the reaction intensity. Additionally, there is minimal melting in the ignition area, and resulting in minimal impact on the fuze response characteristics.
Characterization of modified resin-based carbon fiber composite
Authors: Zhang HY , Kong GQ , Wei HZ , Zhao H , Mao CC , Ma SQ , He HR , An ZH , Luo CH , Shao M , Liu ZY , Gao YJ , Li DY
Published: December 2024

This paper investigated the improvement of toughness and mechanical properties in resin castings. The results suggested that the resin system met the film-forming requirements for hot-melt film immersion technology when the toughening agent was added at a content of 6 parts. The resin casting demonstrated a substantial enhancement in impact toughness while maintaining its heat resistance. The impact strength was elevated by 48%, and there was a concurrent increase in bending strength of over 4%. Based on the results of resin system, the mechanical performance of type I, II and III carbon fiber composites was investigated. Finally, the interface of composite was analysed. The results indicated that the mechanical performance of type I composite was comparable to that of type III. The tensile strength of type I was 2761 MPa, with a modulus of 176 GPa. The bending strength measured at 2189 MPa, with a modulus of 162 GPa. Additionally, the shear strength was recorded at 98 MPa, while the impact toughness reached 282 kJ/m2. Furthermore, the compressive strength was determined to be 1.03 GPa. It was worth noting that the carbon fiber exhibited excellent bonding performance with the resin following the mechanical properties test.
Analysis of the Influence of Projectile’s Start-up Process on the Balance Performance of Recoilless Gun
Authors: Jiang Zhonghui , Tao Gang , Li Zhiyu , Wen Peng , Ding Feng , Ding Guipeng , Pang Chuqiao
Published: December 2024

At the initial moment of the firing of a recoilless gun, the launcher maintains force balance by synchronizing the projectile start-up with the opening of the blocking sheet inside the nozzle. In previous research, a synchronous experiment was conducted to investigate projectile start-up and the blocking sheet opening. Based on the observed phenomena, a one-dimensional balanced internal ballistics model was developed for recoilless guns incorporating projectile start-up. By incorporating numerical examples, the impact of the start-up process of the projectile on the unbalanced force of the recoilless gun is analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of different extracting bullet forces and engraving resistance on the unbalanced force is discussed. The findings suggest that the initial start-up phase of the projectile has a more significant effect on its balance compared to other internal ballistics performance factors. Specifically, the extraction force plays a more influential role in determining the projectile’s balance than the resistance encountered during the band engraving process. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the balanced design of recoilless guns.
Numerical simulation study on detonation effect of fragment impact covered explosive
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yan Yue-Guang , Wang Chen-Xu , Ge Chao
Published: December 2024

In order to reveal the detonation effect and mechanism of covered explosive under fragment impact, based on one-dimensional shock wave theory, a theoretical model of fragment impact detonation of covered explosive is established. Combined with numerical simulation, the influence of key parameters such as fragment material, fragment shape and charge shell thickness on the detonation threshold velocity and the influence of fragment velocity on the detonation time and depth of covered explosive are obtained, and the mechanism of fragment on the detonation effect of covered explosive is revealed. The results show that the shock initiation effect of tungsten alloy fragments is better than that of 45# steel fragments. The shock initiation effect of cubic fragments is better than that of spherical fragments. When the thickness of charge shell is thin, it is the impact detonation mechanism. When the charge shell is thick, the impact detonation mechanism and the shear detonation mechanism coexist. The detonation time and detonation depth of explosives decrease with the increase of velocity, and the detonation time is proportional to the detonation depth.
Fuzzy Clustering and Dynamic Time Warping-Based Unsupervised Classification of Artillery Barrel Health Status
Authors: Kang Z K , Hu Y M , Chen X J , Li Y D
Published: December 2024

Under the condition of small sample unlabeled data sequences, unsupervised identification of the health status of gun barrels is a key challenge in the health management technology of artillery. This paper proposes an unsupervised identification method based on the similarity measurement of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), aiming to improve the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring of the barrel’s health status. Firstly, this paper uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technology to extract the principal component sequences of the monitoring data of the gun barrel’s internal diameter expansion, providing a feature representation for the health status of the gun barrel. Subsequently, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering analysis is conducted on these features to divide the clusters of the gun barrel’s health status and construct the feature sequences of each cluster. Furthermore, this paper extracts the principal component sequences from the monitoring data of the same type of gun barrel’s internal diameter expansion and applies the DTW algorithm for similarity measurement to identify the current health status of the gun barrel. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the health status of the gun barrel, providing a new perspective for the health management technology of artillery. The application of this method has important practical significance for reducing or avoiding failures or major accidents caused by the deterioration of the gun barrel’s health status, and ensuring personal and property safety.
Development of KNSB Rocket Motor for UAVs’ Rocket Assisted Take-Off (RATO) Boosters.
Authors: Alblooshi Abdulwahed , Ahmed Awatif , Almazrouei Maha , Alali Nawwaf , Alazizi Mohammed
Published: December 2024

This research paper presents the design and development of a solid rocket motor composed of sugar-based propellant for Rocket Assist Take Off (RATO) systems. RATO systems can be integrated with different platforms that require an initial boost to be launched such as the C130 aircraft. Sugar-based propellants offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional solid rocket propellants with effective launch performances. The research purpose is to design and develop prototype rockets, verify rocket performance, and optimize the design for upscaling to larger calibers. Additionally, to establish a standard method for manufacturing sugar-based propellant grains to ensure consistency and repeatability in every batch production. During the development, non-destructive testing was performed to check the grains’ quality and a series of static firings were conducted to measure the rocket performance. Three design concepts were developed for the 40 mm rocket to achieve sufficient thrust, enhance the overall performance, and achieve a boost-sustain profile. However, upscaling the motor to 75 mm posed new challenges in the design process, requiring modification to achieve the required thrust, ensure structural integrity, and improve grain quality. Further research is required to excel in large calibre rocket performance and characterize the propellant through BEM testing.
Design of Control Strategies for Electric Actuators in 155mm
Authors: Cai Xiu , Guan Xueyuan , Zhang Chen , Wang Yanyi
Published: December 2024

The performance of electromagnetic servo actuators as the control execution mechanism for guided projectiles plays a crucial role in the control system of guided projectiles. Due to the limited internal space of correction projectiles and the need to adapt to high-speed rotation, high overload, and small volume environments, the structure, control, and drive circuits of the electromagnetic servo actuators should be miniaturized as much as possible while meeting the requirements and control accuracy. This paper introduces the principle design of the motor drive and control circuit. A permanent magnet synchronous motor is adopted according to the characteristics of the required electromagnetic servo actuators. The model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is studied, and based on the extended Kalman filter state observer, the estimation of the motor rotor position and speed is conducted. Subsequently, closed-loop vector control simulations of current, speed, and position are performed using Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the control strategy’s effectiveness in actual 155mm correction projectile payloads. This research can provide beneficial reference and guidance for the optimization of electromagnetic servo actuators in practical applications.
Fluorescent determination of nitroaniline isomers based on ultrasensitive hydrophilic TPE sensors
Authors: Zhong Jingxiang , Gao Yu , Gao XiangYu , Yuan Ye , Tang Yongxing , Huang Wei
Published: December 2024

Nitroaniline compounds are widely used as explosives and also in the industrial production process. However, as one group of rich-nitro materials, it is hard to discriminate nitroaniline isomers from other energetic materials. Hereby, TPE derivatives with mono-, di-, tetra-substituted hydrophobic alkyl chain and hydrophilic quaternary ammonium salt chain were synthesized and characterized. Their fluorescence properties and AIE characteristics were comprehensively studied through fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetime, and fluorescence yield. The hydrophilicity and number of substituents both have a great impact on their AIE effect. The obtained hydrophobic TPE2Br and di-substituted hydrophilic TPE2N were investigated as explosive sensors. TPE2Br has fluorescent turn-on response to the tested explosives. TPE2N has unique fluorescent turn-off response to the nitroaniline isomers. By adding nitroaniline isomers were added to the TPE2N solution, the fluorescence intensity quenched to varying degrees. While to other explosives, it demonstrates fluorescent turn-on effect. The quenching constant Ksv of TPE2N to 4-NA is 1.24 *107 and its limit of detection (LOD) is 0.47 μM. TPE2N could work as an ultrasensitive, low-cost and rapidly responsive sensor for the recognition of nitroanilines.
The mass distribution of behind-armor debris generated during the normal penetration of an explosively formed projectile on rolled homogeneous armor steel
Authors: Wei Guoxu , Guo Rui , Li Xiangdong , Zhang Dongjiang , Xu Hongwei
Published: December 2024

To obtain the mass distribution law of behind-armor debris(BAD) produced by EFP vertically penetrating armored steel, the numerical simulation calculation of EFP vertically penetrating targets with different thicknesses (30mm ∼ 70mm) at different impact velocities (1600m/s ∼ 2000m/s) was carried out by using the numerical simulation method verified by experiments. Several classical natural fragment mass distribution models are used to study the mass distribution of the BAD generated by EFP and the target plate. The results show that the classical Mott formula is not suitable for describing the mass-quantity distribution of the BAD generated by warhead penetration, while the two-parameter Weibull distribution is a good fit for the mass distribution of the BAD, but both of them depend on the total number of fragments, and it is impossible to ensure that small debris is completely collected in the test. Therefore, it is often impossible to determine the total number of debris. In contrast, the Held distribution does not depend on the total number of debris, and the correlation coefficient of fitting results for the mass distribution of BAD is closest to 1, indicating that the Held distribution is the most suitable for describing the mass distribution of BAD. According to the variation of the characteristic parameter of Held distribution with the thickness of the target plate and EFP impact velocity, the mathematical expression between the characteristic parameter of Held formula and the dimensionless initial condition is established. Based on the Held distribution, a prediction model of the mass distribution of the BAD is established, which takes into account the impact velocity of EFP and the thickness of the target plate. The model estimation is in good agreement with the simulation results, which proves the accuracy of the established model.
Numerical simulation study for blast loadings of moving cylindrical charges in free air
Authors: Wang M T , Cheng Y H , Wu H
Published: December 2024

In the context of the current epidemic of terrorism and the threat of potential military strikes, it is extremely important to calculate the power of weapons quickly and accurately represented by warheads, which usually explodes as cylindrical charge at high velocity. To predict the blast loading of the warheads, numerical simulation studies of the moving cylindrical charges exploded in free air were carried out. Firstly, a three-stage finite element analysis method for moving charge explosion was proposed based on the finite element software AUTODYN, the reliability of which was verified by the existing explosion tests. Then, the numerical simulations of both the stationary and moving cylindrical charges explosions were conducted, and the blast wave field and loadings were analyzed. It indicates that, (i) for the stationary charge explosion scenario, the blast wave field and loadings of the center ignition charge are both distributed symmetrically, and the blast loadings corresponding to the end and lateral side of the charge are higher than the transition region. Comparatively, the blast loadings of the tail-end ignition charge at the end near the ignition point is lower than the opposite end; (ii) for the moving charge explosion scenario, the blast wave field propagates forward, with the blast loadings increasing in the direction of charge movement and decreasing in the opposite direction, at the moving velocity of 4 Ma, the peak overpressure of front blast wave could increase around 35.7% ∼ 71.7% and 48% ∼ 65.1% in center ignition and tail-end ignition scenarios, respectively. Finally, the distribution characteristics of the overpressure and impulse shape factors are analyzed. The engineering calculation model for predicting the blast loadings of moving cylindrical charge was further proposed.
Damage Effect of Reactive Composite Jet on Concrete Obstacles Study
Authors: Ruize Sun , Guichao Liao , Shengyu Guo , Zhijun Wang
Published: December 2024

To more efficiently remove concrete obstacles, a reactive composite lined shaped charge structure was designed, and experiments have proven its effectiveness in demolishing concrete obstacles. Based on the Autodyn numerical simulation software, a simulation analysis was conducted on the damage process of concrete obstacles. The results showed that cracks appeared along the direction of least resistance from the penetrating hole inside the concrete target after the activation of reactive materials. As the cracks expanded and connected, the concrete target was ultimately completely destroyed. Additionally, it was found that there was a significant negative correlation between the hit position of the warhead relative to the center of the concrete target and its damage effect.
Research on Material Model of Brick Block Based on Ballistic Penetration
Authors: Hu XB , He L , Cui HL , Jia ZJ , Wen XM , Li CH , Liu ZY
Published: December 2024

In the face of the need for soldiers to strike targets behind walls in military activities and counter-terrorism operations, while preventing projectiles from penetrating walls and harming other non military targets, this paper conducts research on brick blocks material models based on Autodyn software to analyze the penetration of pointed oval projectiles into 24cm thick brick walls. This article first studied the material models and obtained two sets of material models suitable for brick blocks, namely the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thomamodel material model and the Drucker Prager material model. Based on material models of different brick blocks, the finite element simulation of the penetration process of a pointed oval shaped projectile into a 24cm thick brick wall was carried out using Autodyn software, and the remaining velocity and offset angle of the projectile after penetrating the wall were obtained. By comparing and analyzing the simulated data with experimental data, it was found that the residual velocity of the brick block calculated using the RHT model had an error of 8.9% compared to the experimental results, and the error between the offset distance and the experimental results was 25%. This can accurately calculate the penetration ability of the projectile into the brick wall, providing guidance for predicting the trajectory of the projectile after penetrating the wall to a certain extent.
Numerical simulation study of composite targets with typical protective materials against shaped charge jet penetration
Authors: Yuanchen Zhao , Xin Jia , Zhengxiang Huang , Bin Ma , Yuqiu Niu , Yuehan Su
Published: December 2024

In order to study the law of composite target of typical protective materials against shaped charge jet penetration, five materials, namely corundum block concrete, high strength ceramic, reinforced concrete, armored steel and steel fiber concrete, were selected, and four composite target schemes were designed, and a three-dimensional model of shaped charge jet-air-composite target was established. Numerical simulation was carried out by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, and the composite target was analyzed in terms of the composite target invasion aperture diameter, invasion depth, and the morphology of the invasion aperture, respectively. The results show that: the composite target of the four schemes are stronger than the reinforced concrete target of the same size; the steel fiber concrete layer can effectively improve the composite target’s radial expansion ability, the corundum block concrete layer can make the direction of the jet penetration significantly shifted, the high-strength ceramic layer can effectively improve the composite target’s resistance to axial penetration, and the armored steel layer has a significant impact on the end section of the jet penetration process.
Dimensional Analysis of Bullet Structure Parameters on Residual Velocity of Penetrating AAC Masonry Blocks
Authors: Li Jinming , Sui Chaojie , Mai Ruimin
Published: December 2024

In order to reveal the influence of bullet structure on the terminal effect of penetrating autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks, tests on the penetration of AAC blocks by bullets with four different structures were conducted. The corresponding residual velocities were obtained through high- speed photography, and the analysis of masonry block damage was carried out. Based on this, a numerical simulation model was established to predict the residual velocity and a dimensional analysis method was used to establish the relationship between bullet structure and residual velocity. The results show that, from the perspective of block damage patterns, the diameter of the damage on the impact face is close to the bullet diameter, and the exit diameter exceeds four times the entry diameter. The dimensionless equation obtained based on test results aligns well with the test results. The reliability of the relationship was verified through simulation data, and it can be used to estimate the penetration of bullets into AAC blocks and provide a reference for bullet head design.
Optimization method for energy storage configuration of renewable energy stations for multi-application scenarios
Authors: Ge Chenyi , Tan Zhe , Pan Zheng
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the unclear strategy of configuration of energy storage (ES) for renewable energy stations (RESs) and unclear application scenarios, a two-layer optimization model for ES configuration of RESs for multi-application scenarios is proposed, which considers smoothing active power fluctuation, meeting the requirements of prediction index assessment and reducing the curtailment rate of RESs. The lower-layer model receives the power and capacity of ES from the upper-layer model and calculates the minimum curtailment of the RESs under the requirements of meeting the maximum limit of power change (MLOPC) and prediction assessment indexes. The upper model calculates the most economical scheme of storage configuration based on the curtailment of the RESs delivered by the lower model. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the actual operation data of wind farms (WFs).
Analysis of successive commutation failure influence on power angle stability of large power grid
Authors: Wang Ming , Zhu Yuanzhen , Jia Zhaohao , Chen Yiheng , Sun Runjia
Published: December 2024

Successive commutation failure seriously threatens the safe operation of large AC/DC power grids, which may lead to cascading failures across regional power grids. Firstly, from the perspective of reactive power exchange in AC/DC systems, the cause of successive commutation failure is analyzed. Then, taking a simplified three-zone AC/DC interconnected system as an example, the variation of the relative power angle of the synchronous generator in the AC system during the successive commutation failure process is analyzed based on the equal-area criterion. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted on the power angle changes when the successive commutation failure occurs at the Shaoxing converter station.
Power quality enhancement of three-phase solar photovoltaic system-based generalized integrator controlled UPQC
Authors: Li Cong , Song Kai , Sun Jiawen , Huang Boyan
Published: December 2024

As distributed generation becomes increasingly prevalent, providing reliable and stable electrical energy to the grid is of paramount importance. Therefore, precise monitoring of grid voltage is necessary in order to synchronize compensating current and voltage with the grid. The Dual Second-Order Generalized Integrator (DSOGI) can extract the fundamental positive sequence component from three-phase grid signals, enabling accurate determination of grid phase and current signals for rapid and precise grid compensation. This paper presents a control algorithm for extracting and compensating UPQC reference signals based on the Second-Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI). The improved photovoltaic-fed Unified Power Quality Conditioner System (PV-UPQC) is verified and analyzed under conditions of unbalanced grid voltage, current harmonics, as well as voltage sags and swells. It can be demonstrated that the enhanced system exhibits superior adaptability to the grid.
Deep learning-based fusion of CT-MRI modalities in medical imaging
Authors: Chang Zirun , Zhang Wulin , Liu Xuan
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the problems of important feature loss, unprominent detail performance and unclear texture in multimodal medical image fusion, a method for the fusion of computed tomography (CT) images with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images by using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Wavelet Transform is proposed. The generator is for the high-frequency feature image, and the double discriminator is for the fused image after inverse transformation. The high frequency feature image is fused by the GAN model, and the low frequency feature image is fused by Wavelet Transform. Experimental results show that compared with the current advanced fusion algorithms, the proposed method has richer texture details in subjective performance, and the contour edge information is clearer and more prominent. The fused image can be effectively applied to medical diagnosis and further improve the diagnosis efficiency.
Preparation of N-rich Porous Carbon Nanomaterial
Authors: Sarma Partha P. , Baro Mridula
Published: December 2024

The incorporation of heteroatoms, such as N, B, P, and O can enhance the electrical, mechanical, and semiconducting properties of carbon materials. Recent studies suggest that doping with these heteroatoms can play a vital role in enhancing the performance of carbon materials for advanced technological applications. In this work, N-doped porous carbon nanomaterial has been developed from low-cost glucose and conducting polymer using hydrothermal carbonization and oxidative polymerization methods. A diamine polymer poly (para-phenylenediamine) has been chosen as the N-rich precursor during the synthesis of the material. FESEM image of the material reveals a coating of poly (para-phenylenediamine) onto the carbon nanostructure. EDS analysis shows a high N (17 wt.%) content of the material sample.
Large Kerr Nonlinearity and Slow Group Velocity of Weak Probe in Quantum Dot Nanostructures
Authors: Hussain Minhaz Al , Basumatary Thulunga , Shyam Abhijit , Mukherjee Rohit , Borgohain Nitu
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the dynamics of Kerr nonlinearity and the phenomenon of slow group velocity in a Quantum Dot (QD) system, using the mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Employing a three-level QD setup and leveraging a ladder-type excitation approach, we analyse the interaction between a weak probe pulse and a strong control beam. By employing density matrix formalism, we derive the expressions for both linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities, along with first-order linear dispersion terms. Our findings reveal that susceptibilities in the QD system, both linear and nonlinear, can be finely adjusted to desired probe frequencies through control parameter manipulation. Moreover, under the EIT regime, we observe the Kerr susceptibility on the order of 10−12 m2 V2 at a probe wavelength 1.359 μm. Additionally, the group velocity of the probe field experiences a remarkable slowdown by a factor of 103 compared to the speed of light in vacuum. Results obtained may have potential applications in fabricating nonlinear optical devices.
Fusion dynamics of 37Cl + 59Co around the Coulomb barrier
Authors: Samiksha  , Singh Manjeet , Ghanghas Vijay , Kumar Anand
Published: December 2024

The current work focuses on investigation of the fusion dynamics for 37Cl + 59Co reaction at sub-barrier regions. Theoretical estimations of fusion excitation function are done by opting Wong formula and symmetric-asymmetric Gaussian barrier distribution (SAGBD) model. Wong calculations are found smaller than experimental data but computations of SAGBD model are able to retrieve all data points in complete energy range. The model parameter λSAGBD
and VCBRED
quantifies the relevant channel coupling effects and the non-zero values of these parameters specify involvement of intrinsic channels in fusion process.
Exploring Fission Dynamics through Fission Fragment Spectroscopy
Authors: Chakraborty A. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Dey Aniruddha , Biswas D. C.
Published: December 2024

Fission Fragment Spectroscopy (FFS) measurement technique has been utilized to measure the relative isotopic yield distributions of the even-even correlated fission fragment nuclei produced from 236U* at two different values of excitation energies (E
ex
). The fissioning compound nucleus, 236U* was populated at E
ex
= 6.5 and 21.5 MeV through two different sets of experiments by using the reactions, 235U(n
th
,f) and 232Th(α,f), respectively. The experimentally measured relative isotopic yield distributions were further used to obtain the corresponding mass yield distributions. The extracted mass yield distributions of 236U* indicates the transition from asymmetric distribution to bimodal distribution with increase in the values of E
ex
from 6.5 to 21.5 MeV. The experimental mass yield distribution pattern for the reaction, 232Th(α,f) at E
ex
= 21.5 MeV could be fitted well through three Gaussian fits as per the prescription based on the Multimodal Random-Neck Rupture Model (MM-RNRM).
Development of Anti-Icing Superhydrophobic Composite Coatings Using CNF/PVDF
Authors: Rajiv S , Shanmugam Kumaran
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the anti-icing properties and wear behavior of a composite made from carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The composite, prepared with a CNF -to -PVDF ratio of 10:1 in ethanol, was applied to a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet via air spray coating. The resulting surface exhibited superhydrophobicity, characterized by a water contact angle (WCA) of 159.1° and a water droplet roll-off angle of less than 2°. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed strong interactions between the matrix and fibers, contributing to the enhanced wettability properties of the composite. Additionally, the composite coating demonstrated heat resistance, maintaining its superhydrophobicity after being subjected to 80°C in a hot air oven for 30 days. The results of the anti-icing test revealed that the composite wettability plays a critical role in reducing ice accretion on the surface. The wear resistance of the 10:1 CNF/PVDF composite coating was superior to that of the other ratios, such as 10:2 and 10:3. These findings indicate that this coating strategy is highly effective for anti-icing systems and holds significant potential for large-scale applications.
Modeling and Optimization Studies for Extraction of Omani Dates Seeds Oil using Acoustic Cavitation as A Novel Approach
Authors: Khusaibi Manahil Al , Rashdi Shabib Al , Walke Santosh , Alaythee Mutlaq
Published: December 2024

Palm seed dates usually end up as waste. They actually contain oil that can be extracted using a unique method called acoustic cavitation explored in this research study. Acoustic cavitation involves using waves to form bubbles in a liquid that implode quickly. This implosion breaks down the plant cell walls effectively extracting the oil without the need, for chemicals commonly used in extraction methods. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) researchers apply this method to observe how cavitation impacts the seed structure by revealing the formation of cracks and micro fractures that facilitate the oil release process. The research compares the efficacy of cavitation, with techniques such as Soxhlet extraction and indicates that acoustic cavitation may offer benefits in terms of speed and potentially reduced environmental footprint. The amount of oil extracted for 20 g of date seed powder using acoustic cavitation 2.91 g and by using Soxhlet extraction is 2.1 g. Furthermore, the study delves into the utilization of RSM (Response Surface Methodology) software, for modeling. The results of this study not only show how acoustic cavitation can be an effective approach, for extracting date seed oil but also add to the overall efforts in sustainable use of biomass resources. It provides an eco-friendly option compared to extraction techniques and sets the stage for potential advancements in the food industry, cosmetic sector and biofuel field, by turning waste materials into valuable assets.
Additive Manufacturing of Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels: An Evaluation of Flexural Performance
Authors: Periasamy Kamalbabu , Bhanumurthy Rammohan , Viswanathan R , Rathore Gowtham , Mahammad Raif A , Naveen V , Gurupada J S
Published: December 2024

Honeycomb core sandwich panels are widely recognized for their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal for various structural applications. Advancements in manufacturing, such as additive manufacturing, now allow the creation of complex cellular cores, offering significant advantages over traditional sandwich structures. In this study, conventional honeycomb core sandwich panels were modelled through computer-aided design software and manufactured with the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique. Nylon-based polyamide/carbon fiber (PA/CF) was used for the face sheet, while pure polylactic acid (PLA) served as the core material. Specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards to assess the bending properties of the panels. To investigate the impact of the core wall thicknesses, panels were produced with three thicknesses (1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 2.5 mm), finalized based on relative density ratios to optimize performance. Results show an 85% increase in face-sheet bending strength and a 90% increase in core shear strength with greater core wall thickness. Furthermore, beam deflection increased by 80% with thicker cores, and the load vs. deflection curve demonstrated improved load-carrying capability. These findings suggest that architected core structures can enhance bending properties, leading to more efficient designs for aerospace, automotive, and other structural applications.
The Effect of four types of heat treatment on the Wear Resistance of Al 6061 Alloy
Authors: Nazeer iqbal Ansari Shadab Azhar , Abdur Rahman M , Naveed Hussain H
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the wear performance of Al 6061 alloy under four heat treatment processes: T6 aging, High-Temperature Pre-aging (HTPP), Modified Retrogression and Reaging (RRA) with interrupted aging, and conventional RRA. The study evaluates how these treatments affect wear resistance under varying loads and sliding distances using a pin-on-disc apparatus. Results indicate that the modified RRA with interrupted aging provides the best wear resistance, attributed to its refined microstructure with fine, uniformly distributed Mg2Si precipitates. VHN (microhardness) measurements further support the influence of heat treatment on the alloy’s performance. FESEM analysis reveals that the modified RRA treatment significantly minimizes wear scars and surface damage, improving resistance to both abrasive and adhesive wear. The study highlights the critical role of precipitation hardening in enhancing wear resistance, with the modified RRA treatment outperforming T6 and HTPP due to differences in precipitate morphology. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing Al 6061 alloys for industrial applications requiring high wear resistance.
Optimization of wear parameters of aluminium 7075 hybrid composites using taguchi technique
Authors: Ashok raj R , Mathiyalagan P , Kumaragurubaran B , Skanda M G , Sivaganesan V , Santhosh prakash A. , Panneer Selvam K
Published: December 2024

This research work highlights theproduction of AA7075 hybrid composites incorporated with wt.% (x=0, 1.5, 3) of Molybdenum di sulfide(MoS2) and 12wt% of titanium di boride(TiB2). The AA7075/MoS2/TiB2 hybrid composites were produced through powder metallurgy. The microstructure of fabricated composites was studied with the help of scanning electron microscope. SEM image of AA7075/3wt.%MoS2 /12wt.%TiB2 HMMC has uniform distribution of reinforcements in the matrix AA7075and it confirms that there is no oxide formation in the surface of the produced composites. Besides, there is no porosity formation in the manufactured AA7075 HMMCs. The selected input process parameters were sliding distance (SD), wt% of MoS2 and applied load (AL). The wear loss was selected as response parameter. The experimental plan was generated by utilizing Taguchi technique. The POD equipment was employed for executing the wear test as per Taguchi experiments plan. The worn-out surfaces were analyzed to study the impact on the variation of sliding distance, wt% of MoS2andapplied load. Taguchi approach and ANOVA were utilized to determine the dominating factor on wear loss of AA7075 based hybrid composites
An Overview of Microstructural and Material Properties of High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Subbulakshmi Dr. T. , Rajabhuvaneswari A.
Published: December 2024

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enhances the ability to examine materials and microstructure of concrete, which allows for the evaluation of concrete durability issues and the influence of additional cementing ingredients. With the help of a (SEM), the internal features of various concrete mixes are studied. This includes concrete with silica fume, bottom ash, silica fume and steel slag aggregate, and solid silica fume with bottom ash and steel slag aggregate. The unique shape of the first reaction of the industrial waste product under concrete circumstances was examined in this study. One way to make high-performance concrete (HPC) is to add silica fume to the cement mix. Another way is to use binary or ternary mixes made from industrial by-products such bottom ash and steel slag instead of fine and coarse aggregate, respectively. Interstitial zone (ITZ) morphologies can be observed in concrete mixes containing binary mixtures of silica fume and bottom ash, silica fume and steel slag aggregate, bottom ash and steel slag aggregate, or ternary mixtures of the two. This study includes a three-phase SEM analysis and an evaluation of the ITZ in three different HPC development scenarios.
Stability Analysis of Road Embankment on Soft Soil Using Staged Construction with Geotextile Reinforcement
Authors: Siregar C A , Triani E P , Wibowo D H A , Sismoro H , Garnia E
Published: December 2024

This study examines the stabilization of road embankments on soft soil in the Bts Road Section, Toli Toli City – Silondou, where road subsidence and flooding occur due to the soft peat soil and the area’s location in a watershed. To address these issues, the subgrade was improved using geotextile reinforcement with phased construction. The study aims to evaluate the safety factor of the embankments and the extent of soil consolidation settlement, using both the Plaxis V20 2D program and manual CPTu data interpretation. Results show minimal differences between the two methods in achieving 95% consolidation, with settlement differences of 3 cm with geotextile and 4 cm without. The time to reach this consolidation differed by up to 12 days. At 3, 6, and 12 months, settlement differences were 2 cm, 7 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. The safety factor for embankments with geotextile reinforcement was significantly higher, with changes of 38.70% at console stage 1, 29.39% at stage 2, 14.26% at preload, and 13.78% at U-95%. These results demonstrate that geotextile reinforcement provides effective stabilization for road embankments on soft soil.
Performance of Multi-storey Building for Near-filed Earthquake under Single and Repeated Earthquake
Authors: Alriaaid Ahmed Eshteewi Miftah , Azizan Nik Zainab Nik , Anuar Shamilah Anudai @
Published: December 2024

Throughout history, earthquakes have posed a substantial risk, leading to extensive devastation and tragic loss of human lives. Repeated earthquake activity can be particularly concerning as it can lead to further damage and destruction. Hence, implementing approaches aim at enhancing a building’s resilience to seismic activity and mitigating the detrimental effects of earthquakes. Be it a single event or repeat events, it holds significant importance. This study aims to conduct a dynamic analysis to assess the performance of a multi-storey building subjected to seven seismic loads, including single and repeat occurrences of near-field earthquakes. The characteristics of the seismic loads: i) the distance from the epicenter is less than 15km, (ii) the magnitude is equal to or greater than 5.5 and (iii) the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to or greater than 0.15g. An investigation into the displacement of the building caused by single and repeated seismic events was conducted to evaluate the structural integrity of the building. Measurements of the resulting displacement at the X-axis in a single event equal to those in repeated events indicate that it was recorded in the Y direction 249.56 mm in the X direction, and then this displacement decreased to 40.64 mm in the Y direction. However, this displacement at the Y-axis was recorded as 101.07 mm in the X direction and then increased to 227.17 mm in the Y direction. This indicates that the direction of single and repeated seismic loads can affect the amount of displacement in the X-axis and Y-axis of the structure. The displacement caused by the seismic load is directly proportional to the intensity of the load and the rigidity of the structure.