bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 IN KERALA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPARTMENTAL MODELS AND SOCIAL NETWORK-BASED ANALYSIS AND THE CURRENT PERFORMANCE OF THE STATE
Authors: Kumar K.R. , Satheesh E.N. , Pravitha V.R.
Published: May 2021

Kerala, a southern state of India, has shown better performance in the initial months of the spread of the disease. But in the last few months, the spread of the disease in the state has grown breaking all controls and the control and management system has shown very poor performance. Mathematical modeling of the spread of the disease is effectively is being used in the prediction and control of the disease world over. In this paper, we make a comparative study of the research conducted on this subject based on the compartmental models and social network analysis based models giving special emphasis to Kerala state. We also point out the drawbacks of the current studies in comparison with the intensity of the actual spread of disease.
Efficiency Assessment of Tai Chi Exercises in Physical Rehabilitation of Knee Joint in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts and Choreography Students
Authors:   Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, Vasil’ev Oleg S. ,   Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, Levushkin Sergey P. ,   Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education,   Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, Achkasov Evgeniy E. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Lyakh Vladimir I. ,   Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, Sharapov Alim N. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Various types of physical activity, including tai chi exercises, have become part of physical rehabilitation of young athletes after knee joint injury. However, many physiological mechanisms of the restorative effect of traditional systems still need to be clarified. We recruited 38 girls aged 10–16 years (mean age 12.5 years, interquartile range [10.8; 13.2] years) involved in different types of physical activity (rhythmic gymnastics and choreography) needing to recover their knee joint function after overuse injury. The subjects were divided into two groups: the main group (physical rehabilitation using a specially developed set of tai chi movements) and the control group (standard course of physical rehabilitation taking place in a physical therapy room). After 2 weeks of rehabilitation, the participants underwent isokinetic testing of the knee joint using the Biodex System 4 Pro (USA). The test results obtained by cluster analysis were typified into three characteristic patterns (χ2 test, p = 0.004): 1) insufficiency of strength parameters (peak torque (PT), peak torque to body mass (PT/BM)) at high speed and insufficiency of functional parameters (PT angle, deceleration time) at high speed; 2) insufficiency of functional parameters (time to PT, deceleration time); 3) insufficiency of strength parameters (PT, PT/BM). It was shown that while the classical means of physical rehabilitation are good for restoring the dynamic muscle parameters (PT), tai chi exercises optimally restore the functional parameters of muscle activation (TP angle and deceleration time). For citation: Vasil’ev O.S., Levushkin S.P., Achkasov E.E., Lyakh V.I., Sharapov A.N. Efficiency Assessment of Tai Chi Exercises in Physical Rehabilitation of Knee Joint in Young Rhythmic Gymnasts and Choreography Students. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 115–125. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z049
Formation of Family Entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan and its Role in Employment (Historical Analysis)
Authors:   Associate Professor, Independent Researcher National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Tolipov Fayzulla
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the history and stages of development of family business in the years of independence of Uzbekistan. It describes the role of family business in the employment of the population on the basis of small business and entrepreneurship, the role of home-based work in the organization and development of youth and women’s labor, home crafts and the principle of “Every family is an entrepreneur.” In particular, the work on employment of women and youth through home-based work, their involvement in socially useful work is raising the economy of families to a certain extent.
ENERGY DIPLOMACY OF SOUTH KOREA AND UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, KHAMRAKULOVA Gulbakhor
Published: May 2021

This research work tries to analyze energy diplomacy relations between two countries: South Korea and Uzbekistan where Republic of Korea’s diplomacy and business are closely linked with its energy interests. Then analyzing advantages for Uzbekistan as investment accepting state from South Korea. Moreover, there are social and cultural reasons play an important role in their relationship. However, there appears the interests of other actors like China and Russia toward Central Asian region. In this case research work to analyze and find how would be the position of South Korea in this region and does not interests intersect? There explains the way of solutions and advices for it.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BILATERAL STRATEGIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, ROHATALIEVA Nilufar
Published: May 2021

This article provides a detailed review of bilateral strategic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea in the political, economic, trade, cultural and humanitarian spheres. The purpose of this study is to determine the most important areas of bilateral cooperation between countries in the near future, as well as to identify new topical areas of cooperation, taking into account modern realities in the international arena. Based on the results of the work, the author gives recommendations regarding the intensification of bilateral relations, identifying promising areas of cooperation between the countries.
THE FORMATION OF THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE INNOVATIVE ECONOMY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, MAKHATOV Sirojiddin
Published: May 2021

This article describes the main legal and institutional aspects of supporting the national innovation system and ensuring innovative development in the Republic of Korea at the modern stage.
MIGRATION POLICY OF UZBEKISTAN: ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS IN RUSSIA, KAZAKHSTAN AND SOUTH KOREA
Authors:   University of World Economy and Diplomacy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, CHOLLIEV Tolqin
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the strategic directions of migration policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, with a comparative comparison of migration flows, mainly to Russia, Kazakhstan and South Korea. Uzbekistan has proposed to diversify its migration policy, as migration flows from Uzbekistan are mainly directed to Russia, and changes in market conditions in Russia affect the stability of migrant remittances. At the same time, Kazakhstan and South Korea were studied as alternative routes. In turn, South Korea has been shown to be the most promising country in this regard.
A STUDY ON THE ORIGIN OF CHEOYONG: THE ANCIENT CULTURAL EXCHANGE BETWEEN CENTRAL ASIA AND KOREA
Authors:   Doctoral student of Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Young Choi So
Published: May 2021

In 879 (or 875), Cheoyong, who appeared with several people wearing unfamiliar appearance and strange clothes, performed singing and dancing in front of the king of Silla. After that, he moved to the capital with the king, and it is believed that he performed there. According to the legend, Cheoyong, who came in late at night after performing, found that the god of smallpox was with his wife, sang and danced without anger. The god, who saw Cheoyong's behavior, said he would not invade the place where his image was painted, so his portrait later served as an amulet to prevent disease and ghosts. After that, Cheoyong has left somewhere and his dances and songs remained as Cheoyongmu(dance of Cheoyong) and Cheoyongga(song of Cheoyoung), settling down as a Korean folk art. Cheoyong is seen as a sogd performer who escaped from the political turmoil in China when looking at his appearance, his profession, and the situation at the time, which was not familiar to Koreans.
PHILOSOPHICAL LYRICS AND REFLECTIONS OF THE LYRICAL HERO CHO JI HUN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, ALIEVA Dildora
Published: May 2021

This article discussed the emergence and further development of the poetic group “Blue Deer”. The creativity of poets in this group received development of tradition in Korean landscape lyrics and its poetics. An apple to the origins and motives of classical poetry became evidence of their reverent attitude to historical and cultural, including the literal memory of the Korean people. Cho Ji Hong is an outstanding representative of this poetic group. Cho Ji Hoon's work bears the stamp of traditions, national customs, traditions, legends
A new glance at the chemosphere of macroalgal–bacterial interactions: In situ profiling of metabolites in symbiosis by mass spectrometry
Authors: Vallet Marine , Kaftan Filip , Grabe Veit , Ghaderiardakani Fatemeh , Fenizia Simona , Svatoš Aleš , Pohnert Georg , Wichard Thomas
Published: May 2021

Symbiosis is a dominant form of life that has been observed numerous times in marine ecosystems. For example, macroalgae coexist with bacteria that produce factors that promote algal growth and morphogenesis. The green macroalga Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta) develops into a callus-like phenotype in the absence of its essential bacterial symbionts Roseovarius sp. MS2 and Maribacter sp. MS6. Spatially resolved studies are required to understand symbiont interactions at the microscale level. Therefore, we used mass spectrometry profiling and imaging techniques with high spatial resolution and sensitivity to gain a new perspective on the mutualistic interactions between bacteria and macroalgae. Using atmospheric pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (AP-SMALDI-HRMS), low-molecular-weight polar compounds were identified by comparative metabolomics in the chemosphere of Ulva. Choline (2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium) was only determined in the alga grown under axenic conditions, whereas ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) was found in bacterial presence. Ectoine was used as a metabolic marker for localisation studies of Roseovarius sp. within the tripartite community because it was produced exclusively by these bacteria. By combining confocal laser scanning microscopy (cLSM) and AP-SMALDI-HRMS, we proved that Roseovarius sp. MS2 settled mainly in the rhizoidal zone (holdfast) of U. mutabilis. Our findings provide the fundament to decipher bacterial symbioses with multicellular hosts in aquatic ecosystems in an ecologically relevant context. As a versatile tool for microbiome research, the combined AP-SMALDI and cLSM imaging analysis with a resolution to level of a single bacterial cell can be easily applied to other microbial consortia and their hosts. The novelty of this contribution is the use of an in situ setup designed to avoid all types of external contamination and interferences while resolving spatial distributions of metabolites and identifying specific symbiotic bacteria.
Pelatihan Inovasi Pembelajaran di Era Kenormalan Baru pada Guru-Guru SMK Islam Baidhaul Ahkam Sepatan
Authors: Goziyah Goziyah , Sulaeman Agus , Suherman Achmad
Published: May 2021

Era kebiasaan baru dalam dunia pendidikan menjadi tantangan bagi pelaku pendidikan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan pandemi Covid-19 sangat luas dan bersifat multi dimensi. Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang bisanya dilaksanakan secara tatap muka secara langsung, dimana pendidik dan peserta didik hadir secara fisik di ruang-ruang kelas dan tempat-tempat belajar, kini digantikan dengan kegiatan pembelajaran melalui media elektronik (e-learning) baik secara singkron ataupun secara nir-sinkron. Metode pembelajaran jarak jauh atau BDR masa pandemi Covid-19 di tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 harus dilakukan. Guru dan murid harus siap melaksanakan pembelajaran daring. Guru sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran harus memperoleh pelatihan-pelatihan agar pembeljaran daring menarik dan tidak jenuh. Pelatihan yang diberikan pada guru SMK Islam Baidahaul Ahkam berupa penguatan motivasi, metode pembelajaran daring, dan memberikan beberapa alternatif laman resmi baik untuk digunakan oleh pendidik (guru), peserta didik maupun orangtua peserta didik dalam pembelajaran daring.
A Hundred-Year Researching History on the Low Ionic Strength in Red Blood Cells: Literature Review
Authors: Fuhrmann GF , Netter KJ
Published: May 2021

This review article provides a critical survey of work from 1904 to 2003 on the effects of low ionic strength in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) incubated in media with impermeable sugars such as sucrose. In 1904 Gürber A washed RBCs of different species with isotonic sucrose solution to eliminate the outside ions in order to better analyse their intracellular ionic composition; however, this approach was not feasible because of a substantial salt efflux from the cells. A prominent feature of the salt loss is the shrinking of the RBCs. A central role in the understanding of the ionic movements is thereby the new Donnan equilibrium of the anions. Experimental evidence has been given by Jacobs MH and Parpart AK in 1933. In the sucrose medium two phases could be predicted: 1) a very rapid anionic shift resulting in an unequal distribution of chloride and hydroxyl anions on both sides of the membrane and 2) a leakage of salts from the RBCs. In 1940 Wilbrandt W assumed that a positive membrane potential is in line with the salt loss at low ionic strength in RBCs. In 1977 Knauf PA, Fuhrmann GF, Rothstein S and Rothstein A observed in RBCs an inhibition of both, anion exchange and also of net anion efflux, by incubation with disulfonic stilbene derivates. At low ionic strength the Donnan equilibrium is immediately obtained by the Anion Exchanger Protein (AEP). The resulting positive membrane potential opens at least two new types of cation pores or channels. Thereby is the conductivity pathway for the anions, namely the AEP, in charge of the net anion loss at low ionic strength. The AEP pathway is extensively blocked by disulfonic stilbene compounds. The permeability ways for cations through these pores or channels are not yet explored.
Burden of Anemia, Perinatal Outcome Community Based Study among Rural Tribal Pregnant Women in an Extremely Low Resource Region
Authors: Chhabra S , Rathod V
Published: May 2021

Background: Persisting burden of anaemia during pregnancy, global public health concern, is commonest disorder globally. Severe anaemia is potentially fatal for mother and baby. Objective: Present study was carried out to know about burden of anaemia and perinatal outcome in rural tribal pregnant women. Material methods: Prospective community based study was conducted in 100 villages, where mother, child care services were initiated after having created a health facility in one, using pretested tool to get information required as per objectives. Results: Of 3713 women who delivered, 2617 (70.5%) were anaemic, 1351 (36.4%) mildly, 964 (26.0%) moderately, 211 (5.7%) severely and 91 (2.5%) very severely anaemic during pregnancy. Amongst 2617 anaemic women, 8.6% had Preterm (PT), 91.4% term births, 4% of 225 PT were Intra Uterine Foetal Deaths (IUFDs), 0.9% of 2392 term IUFDs, seventeen (7.5%) of 225 PT babies were Stillborn (SB), 5.2% of 2392 term SB, 78.6% of 225 PT were Low Birth Weight (LBW), 73.4% of 2392 term LBW, 70.2% of 225 PT were Small for Gestational Age (SGA) babies and 36.5% of 2392 term SGA. Total 1.8% babies had early Neonatal Deaths (NNDs) and 0.7% late NNDs. Amongst 1096 non-anaemic women, 1.3% had PT, 98.7% term births, no IUFD, All 14 PT births were SB, 3.9% term born were SB, 1.2% PT were LBW, 30.5% term LBW, 0.6% PT SGA, 3.8% term SGA. Total 0.09% early NNDs occurred in non-anaemic women. Of 10 women who died, five had severe anaemia, three of them died of post-partum haemorrhage, one congestive cardiac failure, one puerperal sepsis with multi-organ failure. Conclusion: Anaemia was very common in rural tribal pregnant women, quite a few were very severely anaemic with many LBW, SGA babies, perinatal and maternal deaths.
Occurrence of Epileptic Complications in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease in Charge to the Home Care Center: A Clinical Experience
Authors: Zarola F , Middei B
Published: May 2021

Most studies in literature about the occurrence of the so-called vascular epilepsy suggest that this complication is an episodic and relatively rare event mostly due to clinical conditions related to haemorrhagic ictus while chronic vascular disease (multifocal vascular encephalopathy, vasculopathy with lacunar infarcts or minor stroke and ischemic strokes) is not usually considered as risk factors for the onset of secondary epilepsy. Furthermore, the epilepsy of the elderly is often ascribed to the atrophy of the brain tissues linked to both age and chronic hypoxia induced by Atherosclerosis (ATS) or a complication of pharmacological therapies in the elderly (anticholinesterases, neuroleptics, anticoagulants). In fact, in our clinical and practical experience in the district outpatients clinic and home care center, numerous clinical cases have been subject to diagnosis and treatment of late epilepsy following an ischemic stroke. In this study we had thepurpose to describe our experience of occurrence of epileptic complications in patients with morewide Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) patterns. We studied a group of 15 patients (8 Male and 7 Female) affected by CVD and by recent recently onset epilepsy. Our study found that Cerebrovascular disease CVD constitutes a significant risk factor for secondary epilepsy in the groups with elder age even though younger subjects can be involved after being affected by relevant cerebrovascular events. In opposition to the opinion assumed in common clinical practice an important part of these causal events are ischemic and non-haemorrhagic as previously known.
A Multiwavelength Study of the Formation of the AFGL 333-Ridge
Authors: Liang Xiaolian , Xu Jin-Long , Xu Ye , Wang Jun-Jie
Published: May 2021

We presented a multiwavelength study of the AFGL 333-Ridge. The molecular line data reveals that the AFGL 333-Ridge has two independent velocity components at −50.5 and −48.0 km s−1. In the position–velocity diagram, the bridge feature connects with two parts that are spatially correlated but separated in velocity. This observational evidence supports the scenario that the two velocity components have collided and merged into one molecular cloud. The majority of Class I young stellar objects (YSOs) are distributed within the collision region, suggesting that the cloud–cloud collision has induced the YSOs’ formation in the ridge. Using the radio recombination line (RRL) data obtained by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, the RRL velocities of three H ii regions are consistent with that of the AFGL 333-Ridge. By comparing the three H ii regions’ dynamical ages with the collision timescale of the two components, we conclude that the influence of the three H ii regions may not drive the two clouds to merge. The formation of the AFGL 333-Ridge is probably due to the expansion of the giant H ii region W4.
Survival of Spinal Metastasis Disease based on Immunohistochemistry Subtype of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hadisaputra Ivan Hugo , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Mardhika Putu Eka
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is categorized as a slow-growth tumor in the spinal metastases disease (SMD) scoring system. Based on immunohistochemistry, breast cancer has four subtypes: Luminal A (LumA), luminal B (LumB), human epidermal growth factor 2 (Her-2) type, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC has the poorest prognosis.
AIM: This study aimed to describe the survival time of breast cancer with SMD based on immunohistochemistry subtypes through systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. This study used electronic articles published in PubMed and CENTRAL online database. We used keywords ([breast] AND [cancer] AND [spine] AND [metastasis]) to find eligible studies. Articles included were full-text studies in English. Survival time as the outcome was pooled according to the immunohistochemistry subtype of breast cancer. Statistical analysis was performed using software Stata.
RESULTS: Five articles met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. LumA, LumB, Her-2 type, and TNBC have a survival time of 32.84 months, 35.20 months, 60.8 months, and 14.27 months, respectively.
CONCLUSION: TNBC has the lowest survival time in the pooled analysis. We proposed TNBC be categorized as a moderate growth primary tumor.
Temporomandibular Disorders and Fibromyalgia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Scarola Roberta , Montemurro Nicola , Ferrara Elisabetta , Corsalini Massimo , Converti Ilaria , Rapone Biagio
Published: May 2021

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and fibromyalgia (FM) have some clinical characteristics in common, for instance the chronic evolution, the pathophysiology incompletely understood and a multifactorial genesis. The incidence and the relationship between TMD and FM patients are the aims of this review. A MEDLINE and Pubmed search was performed for the key words “temporomandibular disorder” AND “fibromyalgia” from 2000 to present. A total of 19 papers were included in our review, accounting for 5449 patients. Ten studies, reporting a total of 4945 patients with TMD, showed that only 16.5% of these patients had diagnosis of FM, whereas 12 studies, reporting a total of 504 patients with FM, demonstrated that 77.0% of these patients had diagnosis of TMD. A comorbid relationship exists between TMD and FM. The complexity of both diseases shows the importance of a multimodal and interdisciplinary.
Using Routine Ambulance Inspection Report Application to Reduce Wasted Time in Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Apiratwarakul Korakot , Ienghong Kamonwon , Suzuki Takaaki , Celebi Ismet , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Tiamkao Somsak
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Ambulance inspections make up part of the emergency medical services (EMS) to keep operations running smoothly as well as to maximize and maintain the safety of vehicles used for delivery of both staff and patients. The EMS of Srinagarind Hospital has been using an ambulance inspection report application since January 2020. Nevertheless, there has been no comparative study of the benefits associated with the use of this specification.
AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the advantages of an ambulance inspection report application and paper checklist.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted amid the EMS at a university hospital in Thailand. Data gathering was carried out by employing the Srinagarind Hospital database and ambulance inspection report application throughout January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020.
RESULTS: A total of 2350 ambulance inspections were recorded during the 2-year study period. Recognition times for ambulance inspections incorporating paper checklist and inspection with application were 35.5 ± 9.4 min and 1.02 ± 0.5 min, respectively (P < 0.001). Action times were 25.2 ± 5.1 min and 1.04 ± 0.2 min, respectively. Ambulance inspection compliance rate with the application was 95.3% and 70.1% with a paper checklist.
CONCLUSION: Ambulance inspections carried out with an application can reduce recognition and action time, and increase ambulance inspection compliance rate.
A crowdsourcing approach to track the expansion of the brown marmorated stinkbug Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) in France
Authors: Chartois Marguerite , Streito Jean-Claude , Pierre Éric , Armand Jean-Marc , Gaudin Jonathan , Rossi Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2021

Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), the brown marmorated stinkbug (BMSB) is a highly successful invasive species, native to eastern Asia. It has managed to spread into North America and Europe in recent decades, causing severe damage to various crops. BMSB has been detected in Europe in 2004 and has since expanded in more than 20 countries from Sweden to Greece and Spain to Turkey, the South European Territory of Russia (Krasnodar region) and Abkhazia. In 2012, we set up a citizen science survey to monitor BMSB expansion in France.

The present crowdsourcing survey was initiated in 2012 and provided a large number of occurrence points of BMSB. These data allowed to track the expansion of the species in France from 2012 to 2019 and brought information about its phenology and distribution in various habitats. The dataset comprises both valid and invalid sightings, thereby allowing us to examine changes in the quality of citizen reports during the course of the survey. Despite a large proportion of misidentifications, the survey provided a large number of valid occurrences. Furthermore, valuable information on hemipterans of Pentatomidae and Coreidae families entering habitations were also gathered. The dataset also illustrates that, although designed for a large public, the Agiir application was mostly used by urban dwellers with very few sightings stemming from professionals of agricultural sectors.
Fragment Excision With Flexor-Pronator Mass Repair for Chronic Medial Humeral Epicondyle Nonunions
Authors: Rogers Mark , Scillia Anthony J. , Cain E. Lyle
Published: May 2021

Athletes with medial epicondyle nonunions typically present with medial elbow pain, an elbow flexion contracture, and the inability to compete. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent medial epicondyle excision with ulnar collateral ligament and flexor-pronator mass repair for symptomatic medial epicondyle non-unions. Four patients with a mean age of 15 years (range, 11–19 years) diagnosed with symptomatic medial epicondyle nonunions were evaluated. All were treated with medial epicondyle excision with ulnar collateral ligament and flexor-pronator mass repair. Two of the patients were followed for 12 months, whereas the other 2 patients were followed for 18 months. All patients returned to their preinjury level of sports without difficulty. Two patients with preoperative flexion contracture had residual flexion contractures of 4° and 5° postoperatively, respectively, as measured by a goniometer. All other patients regained full elbow motion equal to that of the contralateral extremity at final follow-up. The patients with preoperative ulnar nerve symptoms had complete resolution postoperatively at a mean follow-up of 18 months. In overhead and upper extremity weight-bearing athletes who have symptomatic medial epicondyle nonunions, fragment excision with flexor-pronator mass repair can yield satisfactory results. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):e337–e342.]
Clavicle Fractures With Associated Acute Neurovascular Injury
Authors: Meyer Maximilian A. , Zhang Dafang , Price Mark D. , Chen Neal C. , Weaver Michael J. , Dyer George S. M. , Earp Brandon E.
Published: May 2021

Descriptions of acute neurovascular injury after clavicle fracture are limited to case reports. The objectives of this study were to assess both the prevalence of acute neurovascular injury after midshaft clavicle fracture and the outcomes of early fracture stabilization. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all adult patients with midshaft clavicle fracture who were treated surgically at 2 tertiary care referral centers from January 2010 to March 2019. The records of patients who were identified as having clinical or radiographic evidence of neurovascular compromise were reviewed to assess for deficits on physical examination on presentation, relevant radiographic and electro-diagnostic findings, timing and type of fixation, and time until resolution of symptoms and radiographic union postoperatively. Of the 443 adult patients undergoing surgical treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture, 3 (1%) experienced acute neurovascular compromise and underwent early fixation. In all cases, fracture displacement caused compression of adjacent neurovascular structures in the costoclavicular space. No lacerations of underlying neurovascular structures were encountered intraoperatively, suggesting a pattern of nerve contusion or vascular compression from the initial injury and fracture displacement. Postoperatively, 2 patients had full recovery of preoperative neurologic deficits and 1 patient experienced partial recovery of motor deficits with persistent neuropathic pain. There were no instances of symptomatic vascular insufficiency at final follow-up. Acute neurovascular injury as a result of compression of underlying structures in the costoclavicular space is a rare complication of displaced midshaft clavicle fracture. Early surgical decompression of compressed neurovascular structures and rigid clavicle osteosynthesis can lead to significant postoperative functional improvement. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):e390–e394.]
Outcomes of Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Multiligament Knee Reconstruction
Authors: Fakhre Edward , Connors Katherine M. , Curley Andrew J. , Argintar Evan H.
Published: May 2021

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown promise in reducing postoperative complications in several applications in orthopedic surgery, including trauma and arthroplasty. To the authors' knowledge, no study has evaluated its use in multiligament knee reconstruction. Multiligament knee reconstruction is often fraught with arthrofibrosis and wound-healing complications. This retrospective study assessed complications requiring reoperation in patients who underwent multiligament knee reconstruction and received either NPWT (n=14) or a dry sterile dressing (DSD) (n=44). There were significantly more reoperations in the cohort of patients who received a DSD (
P
=.011). Arthrofibrosis in particular showed a significantly lower rate of occurrence in the NPWT cohort compared with the DSD cohort (
P
=.025). There was a trend toward a lower infection rate in the NPWT cohort (
P
=.322). This study provides evidence that NPWT may be effective in reducing reoperation after multiligament knee reconstruction. Further investigations with prospective studies are needed to draw stronger conclusions about the benefits of NPWT. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):187–191.]
Incidence of COVID-19 After Nonelective Hip and Knee Surgery During the Peak of the Pandemic: The New Jersey Experience
Authors: Skibicki Hope E. , Post Zachary D. , Brustein Jason A. , Ong Alvin C. , Orozco Fabio R. , Ponzio Danielle Y.
Published: May 2021

In an attempt to preserve essential equipment and health care system capacity and slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, Governor Murphy suspended all elective surgeries performed in New Jersey from March 27, 2020, through May 25, 2020. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative COVID-19 infection following nonelective hip and knee surgery during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey during this time. A retrospective cohort of 149 patients who underwent nonelective hip and knee surgery from March 27, 2020, through May 25, 2020, at 2 institutions was identified. The cohort was divided into hip fracture and non-fracture patients to compare the postoperative experience of these patient populations. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative COVID-19 infection diagnosed via severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nasopharyngeal real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, discharge disposition, postoperative complications, and mortality rate. A total of 149 patients underwent nonelective hip and knee surgeries, including 76 hip fracture cases and 73 nonelective hip and knee arthroplasty cases. A postoperative diagnosis of COVID-19 was made for 5 (6.6%) of 76 hip fracture patients, and 2 of the 5 died secondary to COVID-19. There were no infections in the arthroplasty cohort. This study describes a low incidence of COVID-19 infection after nonelective hip and knee surgery during the surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey. Patients who underwent hip fracture surgery had an increased incidence of postoperative COVID-19 infection. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):180–186.]
Clinical and Radiographic Predictors of Nonunion in Open Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Ford Amy N. , Harkin Elizabeth A. , Lyons Madeline M. , Summers Hobie D. , Hecht Garin G. , Lack William D. , Cohen Joseph B.
Published: May 2021

Open fracture is a risk factor for nonunion of diaphyseal tibia fractures. Compared with closed injuries, there is a relative lack of scientific knowledge regarding the healing of open tibia fractures. The objective of this study was to investigate which patient, injury, and surgeon-related factors predict nonunion in open tibial shaft fractures. A cohort of 98 patients with 104 extra-articular open tibial shaft fractures (OTA/AO 41A2-3, 42A-C, and 43A) were treated surgically between 2007 and 2018 at a single level 1 trauma center and were retrospectively reviewed. Patients underwent irrigation and debridement followed by definitive intramedullary nailing or plate fixation. Patient, injury, and perioperative prognostic factors were analyzed as predictors of nonunion based on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The nonunion rate was 27.9% (n=29). There were 12 occurrences of deep infection (11.5%). The median follow-up was 14 months. High-energy mechanism of injury (hazard ratio [HR], 5.76), Gustilo-Anderson class IIIA injury (HR, 3.66), postoperative cortical continuity of 0% to 25% (HR, 2.90), early postoperative complication (HR, 4.20), and deep infection (HR, 2.25) were significant predictors of nonunion on univariable analysis (
P
<.05). On multivariable assessment, only high-energy mechanism of injury, Gustilo-Anderson class IIIA injury, and early postoperative complication reached significance as predictors of nonunion. These data also indicate that lack of cortical continuity is a significant univariable radiographic predictor of nonunion. This is potentially modifiable, may guide surgeons in selecting patients for early bone grafting procedures, and should be assessed carefully in this high-risk population. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):142–147.]
El nuevo humano flexible: la precariedad como factor de transformación de las normas y del control laborales
Authors: Aja-Valle Jaime , Sarrión-Andaluz José
Published: May 2021

Partiendo del enfoque de Bourdieu acerca de la precariedad, este artículo analiza dicho fenómeno como una nueva norma flexible que desplaza a la norma social fordista. Los autores sostienen, apoyándose en el estudio de Gramsci sobre el fordismo, que la precarización crea un mecanismo de disciplinamiento para la legitimación de la pérdida de derechos laborales y sociales, destruyendo el pacto social keynesiano. Dicho disciplinamiento se produce por vía coercitiva, tanto por el uso de nuevas tecnologías como por la generalización de la función del ejército industrial de reserva de Marx a todos los estratos productivos; y también, por la vía consensual, mediante una transformación en la cultura laboral, desembocando en un “nuevo hombre flexible” con una flagrante pérdida de autonomía.
El trabajo precario y el bien común de los trabajadores
Authors: Herranz Adrián
Published: May 2021

Una de las manifestaciones más relevantes de la precariedad es la dualidad del mercado laboral, que supone una marcada diferencia entre aquellos trabajadores desprotegidos que tienen un alto riesgo de verse desempleados y los trabajadores protegidos que no lo tienen. A raíz de esto, es plausible pensar que existe un cierto conflicto de interés entre grupos de trabajadores. No obstante, argumento que una teoría política adecuada tiene que poder dar cuenta de si existen afinidades de fondo y capacidad de acción colectiva entre ambos grupos. Para explorar esta posibilidad presento primero la concepción republicana del bien común y después el modelo laboral derivado de la misma. Finalmente, explico que, incluso en su situación actual, estos grupos de trabajadores aún mantienen fuertes intereses compartidos.
El giro antropológico en el pensamiento de José Ortega y Gasset. Del monismo culturalista de mocedad al pluralismo cultural de la razón histórico-vital
Authors: De Haro Honrubia Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Las siguientes páginas versan sobre el giro antropológico que se produce en la obra de José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) en lo que sería el tránsito entre la razón moderna, a la que filósofo español se adhiere en su mocedad –época en que Ortega se decanta por la cultura occidental que con sus raíces en Grecia concibe como la cultura esencial–, y la razón histórico-vital, que, abierta a la pluralidad cultural, se impone en su pensamiento en los primeros años de la década de los años 20 del siglo que dejamos atrás. Frente a la razón moderna europeísta de su pensamiento inicial, Ortega propone en la década de 1920, un tipo de razón vital que incorpora la idea del sentido histórico que es el elemento que definirá de aquí en adelante su pensamiento antropológico. El monismo culturalista que el filósofo español elogiaba en sus primeros años como intelectual, deja paso con el tiempo a un pluralismo de culturas característico de la contemporaneidad.
Foundations of Adult Education, Learning Characteristics, and Instructional Strategies
Authors: Okojie Mabel C. P. O. , Sun Yan
Published: May 2021

The chapter examines the concept of adult education by analyzing its emergence as an academic discipline, and assesses the philosophical ideologies through which it finds expression. It provides a critical review of andragogy as a framework for examining its perception as a teaching method exclusively for adult learners. The review reveals that andragogical principles can be used to develop learning strategies to support instruction for both children and adult learners. The unchallenged assumption that pedagogy is exclusively reserved for teaching children is critically assessed. To demonstrate that adults do learn from instructional strategies that are supported by both pedagogical and andragogical principles, a case study is conducted. Adults learn from similar methods as much as children. It indicates that the distinction between pedagogy and andragogy as principles of learning is somewhat spurious. The chapter discussed strategies for using digital theories to facilitate instruction.
Challenges, Issues, and Trends in Adult Education
Authors: Wu Jeng-Yang
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores how adults think, learn, and apply knowledge in their daily lives to effectively design a curriculum, create activities, and integrate valuable technology into the course design. The chapter summarizes adult learning theories, including self-directed, transformative, and experiential learning, as well as the concept of andragogy. Instructors are provided with practical tools and methodologies which will help them to produce effective adult learning experiences.
The New Normal
Authors: Laurian-Fitzgerald Simona , Fitzgerald Carlton J. , Popa Carmen Alina , Bochis Laura
Published: May 2021

Adult learners are different from younger learners. Many have taken Knowles' ideas to work with adult learners as if they all are the same. Knowles described adult learners as more self-directed, willing to be responsible for what they do, unwilling to have teachers impose arbitrary information on them, ready to learn, task oriented, and experienced. Prather adds many adults have more immediate goals for their lives and careers. Kenner and Weinerman find adults want more collaborative relationships with professors. Adult students are unique and come to classes from a variety of backgrounds and circumstances, with different needs, wants, and learning preferences. Many students are prepared for college, while others are petrified. In this chapter, the authors argue that instructors should understand their students in order to help them be successful. Students are not alternative students; they are normal, intelligent people who can and will learn. Thus, the goal should be student-centered online learning.
Post-Adult Education Alternatives in 45 Years of Learning/Teaching
Authors: Fisher R. Michael
Published: May 2021

The author critically examines the directional trends that education has gone through in the last 45 years of his teaching and learning experiences, primarily in Alberta, Canada (1972-2017). He argues that, formerly, Alberta was at the leading edge of positive progressive change, before neoliberal ideology invaded Education. Through use of autoethnographic reflection and sociocultural and political contextualization of his educational experiences, the author elaborates the necessity of adopting a holistic-integral alternative path to research and teaching outside of institutionalized mainstream education systems. His emphasis on the affective domain, for example the importance of fear in education, is accompanied by his applications of developmental notions of “post-adult,” transdisciplinary, and integral theoretical work. The purpose of the chapter is to demonstrate, through his own life, a model of potential guidance for teachers, who are questioning how best to negotiate their own careers within the challenges of 21st century neoliberalism and cascading global crises.
Manifesto for Critical Andragogy
Authors: Clemons Anthony Craig
Published: May 2021

The aim of educating adults not only concerns knowledge transference and intellectual mastery. The foundational theories and associated praxes are just as important, as they enable educators to critically observe human terrain and empower learners. This chapter proposes a fresh approach to andragogical learning design called critical andragogy. Using a neo-Marxist framework, the genesis of critical andragogy amalgamates literature from critical theory, critical pedagogy, critical multiculturalism, and transformative learning. Then, using a qualitative metasynthesis, that literature is critically analyzed, refined, and nested in the context of current why adult learners pursue new learning activities. The combination of the learner's purpose and the revised andragogical theory then become the outputs that culminate into a unified theory of critical andragogy that derivative of key principles extrapolated from current literature.
Andragogy, Culture, and Adult Learning Worldviews
Authors: Peltz David P.
Published: May 2021

Adults differ from children in the ways they learn. This is not only due to the fact they have more experiences to relate to but also due to the motivations behind why they are learning. So why do so many teachers, trainers, and professionals teach courses and provided training to adults in the same manner as if they were teaching children? This discourse explores the adult learning construct of andragogy, applications of different andragogical approaches, and challenges and considerations of andragogy. It also briefly describes a quantitative andragogical scale that was developed, which may provide a useful tool to an otherwise qualitative concept. Finally, the chapter provides several adult learning worldview overviews to be used considered in conjunction with the application of andragogy to potentially increase andragogical effectiveness.
A Collaboration-Based Spiral Model for Curriculum Development of Older Adult Education
Authors: Cai Jinfang , Kosaka Michitaka
Published: May 2021

Older Adult Education (OAE), which is considered as an effective way of dealing with social problems caused by aging society, has been widely adopted in many countries. One of the most challenging problem in OAE is curriculum development due to the unique features of OAE, such as the variety of requirements and background of older learners and multiplicity of the objectives of education providers. Fewer studies have been conducted on curriculum development for OAE, compared with those for regular school education. In this paper, we propose a collaboration-based curriculum development model, inspired by value co-creation model in service science. In the proposed model, the role of older learner is emphasized in that education providers collaborate with older learners in curriculum development, as business service providers collaborate with customers for value creation from service science perspective. We study the curriculum development in two representative OAE universities in China to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Enabling Adult Learning Advantage in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Hamlin Michael D.
Published: May 2021

Adult learners tend to have specific educational goals, are more career-focused, task and intrinsically motivated, and more concerned about application of knowledge. Most adult learners are employed or attending school to advance their careers, so ideally, adult education should comprise educational activities, at least in part, focused on improving knowledge and skills relevant to the workplace. This requires a systematic and integrative approach that will guide students toward becoming reflective practitioners. Case-based education is an important tool that can provide the educational experiences that produce effective practitioners but only if its use is guided by a sound theoretical and research-based framework. This chapter will provide a framework for the design of case-based instruction that incorporates teaching and learning affordances derived from the theory of situated learning and cognition.
Making Instruction Work for Adult Learners
Authors: Fallahi Mitra
Published: May 2021

This chapter is a review of the goals of the adult learners, with a focus on factors that impact the learning process. Principles of education of adult learners are discussed. There are various effective strategies for instruction; however, regardless of the strategies developed, instruction of adults at any level in higher education must facilitate learners' paths toward achieving their goals in pursuing higher education. In teaching adult learners, some factors impacting the learner that require consideration are discussed.
Prison Education in Europe
Authors: Behan Cormac
Published: May 2021

Prison education in Europe differs across countries and jurisdictions. While there are some common features that link the countries of Europe together, this chapter examines the similarities and differences across a range of jurisdictions linked more by geography than ideology in prison education programs. It begins by locating imprisonment in its wider social, political, economic and cultural contexts. Due to the characteristics of the particular learner group and unique environment, this chapter contends that a more informal, non-traditional approach to education is necessary to realize the potential for education in prison. It examines how the space for pedagogy can be achieved in coercive environments by positioning prison education within an adult education approach and concludes with some recommendations for future research.