bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Nisa Farihatun , Rhosaliana Icha Aryda
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah meta analisis dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini review tiga jurnal penelitian mengenai model problem based learning dalam mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menelusuri jurnal melalui Google Scholar (Google Cendekia). Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk penelusuran jurnal adalah model problem based learning, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan matematika. Dari beberapa jurnal penelitian model problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dipilih tiga penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari tiga jurnal penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model problem based learning pada masing-masing jurnal dapat diketahui terjadi peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada mata pelajaran matematika yang ditandai dari peningkatan keberhasilan belajar peserta didik.
Towards Reliable Multisensory Perception and Its Automotive Applications
Authors: Rövid András , Remeli Viktor , Paufler Norbert , Lengyel Henrietta , Zöldy Máté , Szalay Zsolt
Published: July 2020

Autonomous driving poses numerous challenging problems, one of which is perceiving and understanding the environment. Since self-driving is safety critical and many actions taken during driving rely on the outcome of various perception algorithms (for instance all traffic participants and infrastructural objects in the vehicle's surroundings must reliably be recognized and localized), thus the perception might be considered as one of the most critical subsystems in an autonomous vehicle. Although the perception itself might further be decomposed into various sub-problems, such as object detection, lane detection, traffic sign detection, environment modeling, etc. In this paper the focus is on fusion models in general (giving support for multisensory data processing) and some related automotive applications such as object detection, traffic sign recognition, end-to-end driving models and an example of taking decisions in multi-criterial traffic situations that are complex for both human drivers and for the self-driving vehicles as well.
Implied Ethics in the Adagia of Erasmus: An Index of Felicitas
Authors: Barker William
Published: July 2020

Même si, au sein de la masse touffue des Adages, l'attention est principalement centrée sur la philologie et la rhétorique, Érasme reste profondément attiré par les thèmes éthiques. Toutefois, ces thèmes éthiques ou moraux se perdent facilement dans le vaste arsenal de cette compilation de proverbes. Comme Érasme lui-même et plusieurs de ses lecteurs l'ont fait remarquer, l'ouvrage se délecte de son propre désordre. Pourtant, les thèmes éthiques ne sont jamais perdus de vue. Comment, dès lors, aborder la question éthique — dans le but, par exemple, de dégager une position claire sur le bonheur ou la felicitas — dans un ouvrage sans ordre apparent, et au moyen d’une forme, le proverbe, qui est surtout un moyen rhétorique? Cet article fait valoir qu’il y a moyen de trouver un sens à un thème, tel celui de la felicitas, à partir des index et des références internes, même si cet ordre n’est jamais érigé en système. Comme la plupart des autres termes moraux des Adages, celui de la felicitas surgit ici et là à travers l'ouvrage, et on peut en suivre la trace grâce à une série de références internes et d'associations d'idées ou de mots qui tout à coup s'ouvrent à la question. La felicitas apparaît dans le contexte de discussions sur le bien-être matériel, l'équilibre personnel, l'amitié et la vie collective.
Portrait de Budé en «intellectuel»: la G. Budæi viri clarissimi Vita de Loys Le Roy (1540)
Authors: Magnien Michel
Published: July 2020

Hellenist, philologist, historian, friend and counsellor to the King, mythical founding member of the Collège de France, as well as family man, Guillaume Budé appears to us as a hero of humanism and compels our collective admiration because he could lead simultaneously a contemplative and an active life. How was he perceived by his contemporaries? A few months after the death of the humanist (August 1540), while still in mourning, his disciple Loys Le Roy — a future bright light in the study of Greek — published the G. Budaei Vita. This biography is a virtual hagiography of a lay saint, endowed with a high mission, who sacrificed his health, even his life, to the cause of knowledge and the service of the King. This paper analyzes how a young humanist defines the role of humaniores litterae in an ordered society through their greatest incarnation.
«Les interests du sexe»: dédicataires féminins et réseaux de sociabilité chez Marie de Gournay
Authors: Beaulieu Jean-Philippe , Fournier Hannah
Published: July 2020

Even though Marie de Gournay's (1565-1645) numerous texts contain only a few direct references to the activities of the "salons" in the first half of the seventeenth century, they show ample evidence of the author's presence in public and social life. Through anecdotes, allusive references and dedications to prominent people she knew (or wished to know), Gournay reveals the complex web of relationships of which she was part. Not only do her collected works (Advis, 1641) suggest her association with public figures known to attend notorious "salons," they invite us to broaden our view of sociability, defined mostly, according to Gournay, in terms of intellectual endeavours and affinities. Describing herself as an active member of an intellectual community (formed mostly by well-known women), Gournay validates her life, work and ambitions through feminine solidarity-real or virtual.
An Early French Renaissance Salon: The Morel Household
Authors: Ford Philip
Published: July 2020

Dès la fin des années 1540, la famille de Jean de Morel accueillait dans sa maison de la rue Pavée à Paris les poètes et les humanistes les plus proéminents de la capitale: Nicolas Bourbon, Jean Salmon Macrin, Jean Dorat parmi les néo-latins; Joachim Du Bellay, Ronsard, Jean-Antoine de Baïf, pour ne citer que quelques-uns des poètes de langue vulgaire. Or, la femme de Morel, Antoinette de Loynes, et ses trois filles, Camille, Lucrèce et Diane, avaient toutes les quatre reçu une éducation humaniste, leur permettant non seulement de participer aux activités littéraires et humanistes de ce que l'on a appelé le premier salon en France, mais encore d'attirer l'admiration du monde cultivé de l'époque. En examinant la correspondance des membres de la famille ainsi que certains ouvrages imprimés, cet article se propose d'illustrer les relations que les membres de la famille ont entretenues avec les visiteurs du salon ainsi que les changements d'attitude qui ont eu lieu au cours du XVIe siècle à l'égard de l'éducation des jeunes filles.
Juan de Valdés, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, and the Imperial Style in Spanish Poetry
Authors: Navarrete Ignacio
Published: July 2020

Lorsque Valdés et son Diálogo de la lengua sont correctement considérés, la théorie poétique qu'ils impliquent apparaît comme une poétique destinée à l'empire de Charles V, appropriée au courtisan impérial, et ayant la capacité de contribuer à l'unification de la culture impériale. L'exemple le plus éclairant de cette poétique est les divers sonnets pétrarquistes d'un autre acteur de la cour impérial, Mendoza. Bien que ses affirmations directes et prosaïques au sujet de la préoccupation amoureuse manquent souvent d'intérêt pour le lecteur d'aujourd'hui, la poétique impériale de Valdés offre une herméneutique bien plus adaptée à leur appréciation.
Shakespeare's Joan and the Great Whore of Babylon
Authors: Ryan Patrick
Published: July 2020

Inconfortables avec le portrait injurieux que fait Shakespeare de Jeanne d'Arc, les critiques tendent à considérer 1 Henry 6 comme un exemple de défaut d’expression relevant de la période d'apprentissage de l'auteur dramatique. Néanmoins, le public élisabéthain a reçu cette pièce de théâtre d'histoire avec un extraordinaire enthousiasme, conduisant les critiques féministes à étudier la Jeanne d’Arc de Shakespeare en tant que portrait remarquablement mobilisateur de la femme forte aux prises avec le patriarcat des débuts de l'époque moderne. Cet article examine l'utilisation dans 1 Henry 6 de l'idéologie apocalyptique protestante, en particulier de ses composantes misogynes. Plus précisément, Shakespeare présente Jeanne d'Arc, la sainte guerrière française, comme un avatar de la Grande Prostituée de Babylone, figure allégorique du Livre des Révélations, et, pour les protestants élisabéthains, figure de l'Église catholique romaine.
Circulation of the late Elizabethan and Early Stuart Epigram
Authors: Doelman James
Published: July 2020

Alors que l'épigramme en tant que genre littéraire puise à des sources chirographiques, sa brièveté propre à sa pratique à la Renaissance, a souvent entraîné un glissement vers une diffusion orale, manuscrite et imprimée. À cette même époque, l'épigramme était marquée par une tension entre l'inspiration de son origine littéraire classique et ses contenus domestiques et souvent vulgaires. Certains épigrammistes des plus ambitieux, tels que John Harington, John Owen et Ben Jonson, ont tenté de contrôler la circulation de leurs œuvres, et de se présenter comme des auteurs du même type que Martial. Ils ont résisté au mode plus libre de la diffusion orale, et ont davantage estimé la plus grande stabilité du livre imprimé comme médium, ce dernier semblant promettre à leurs poèmes, éphémères individuellement, une durable réputation littéraire. Néanmoins, leurs épigrammes font parfois preuve d’une influence de la tradition de la plaisanterie vulgaire. Le mode de diffusion des épigrammes politiques et prophétiques est par ailleurs assez différent. Ils se développent surtout oralement en raison de leur contenu controversé, sans identification d’auteur, et considéré plutôt comme «ce que toute personne dirait».
Giebert, Stefanie & Göksel, Eva (eds.) (2019): Dramapädagogik-Tage 2018. Drama in Education Days 2018
Authors: Miladinović Dragan
Published: July 2020

The proceedings of the bilingual conference Dramapädagogik-Tage/Drama in Education Days 2018 in Konstanz, Germany, is the first independent publication following the yearly eponymous event. Since the conference series focuses “on best practice and research in the field of Drama and Theatre in Education specifically in second and foreign language teaching”2, the Scenario Journal has followed the conference since the beginning. The entire 2015/2 issue was dedicated to the first event in 2015 and edited by Stefanie Giebert, who is, together with Eva Göksel, the co-editor of the current proceedings. Reports on the conferences 2016 and 2017 were included in 2016/2 and 2017/1. The present book review continues this existing professional dialogue between Scenario and the Drama in Education Days. The publication consists of eleven articles in German and English, compiling reports on drama and theatre workshops as well as on projects for language education which were presented at the conference. Regarding the structure, there are four sections in the book: Foreword, Basics, Current Research and Practical Inspiration. In the foreword, which is included in English and German, the editors and conference organisers briefly introduce the authors and their articles. They also outline the genesis of the Drama in Education Days, ...
Simulación del comportamiento aerodinámico de 3 perfiles NACA mediante el uso de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD)
Authors: Calispa Aguilar Marcelo Esteban , Andrade Jaramillo Ariel Alexander , Díaz Castillo Juan Luis
Published: July 2020

La simulación de elementos aerodinámicos mediante la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD por sus siglas en inglés), en la industria aeronáutica representa un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y optimización de modelos ya existentes. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de 3 perfiles usualmente usados y definidos por el comité nacional de aeronáutica (NACA) a través de ANSYS y comparar los resultados obtenidos con simulaciones previamente publicadas. Para obtener esta información, se creó modelos con volúmenes de control para cada perfil, usando modelos CAD en base a las especificaciones NACA, además, fue necesario definir las condiciones de frontera dentro de la simulación de volúmenes finitos. El estudio permite definir y observar cual es el contorno de presión, además, contorno de velocidad, líneas de flujo y numero Mach que son parámetros característicos de cada perfil, con sus ventajas y desventajas. Las simulaciones resultantes sugieren un mejor desempeño general del perfil 63002 (5 dígitos) comparado con los perfiles 4415 y 0012 (4 dígitos), confirmando lo establecido en la bibliografía. Adicionalmente, el estudio permitirá un mejor aprendizaje de aerodinámica (mecánica de fluidos) que, hasta donde los autores han investigado, ha sido poco utilizado en el medio académico ecuatoriano.
Application of Guided Inquiry Learning Model Assisted by PowerPoint Media to Improve Student Physics Achievement and Motivation
Authors: Idus Fransiska Debi , Aji Sudi Dul , Hudha Muhammad Nur
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine: 1) Improvement of student learning motivation, 2) Improvement of student learning achievement by using Guided Inquires model assisted by PowerPoint media on the subject matter of Vibration, Waves and Sound class VII A SMP PGRI 6 MALANG 2019/2020 academic year consisting of 24 students. The object of data collection is student achievement and student motivation. Data sources are students and teachers in schools. Data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews, documentation, and tests. The data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive analysis while this class action research (PTK) procedure used II cycles, and at the end of each cycle a test was performed to determine student achievement. Based on the results of the study found that the results of student motivation in the first cycle obtained mastery learning by 70.24% with enough categories and in the second cycle 80.51% with good categories. Improved learning achievement in the first cycle obtained by mastery learning by 62.5% and students who completed there were 15 participants, students who did not complete 9 participants, with a pretty good category. In cycle II the increase was 87.5% and 21 students were complete while those unfinished were 3 participants in either category. The application of the Guided Inquiri learning model assisted by PowerPoint media can improve the motivation and achievement of physics learning for Grade VII A students of SMP PGRI 6 MALANG.
Hubungan Efikasi Diri dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Berbasis E-Learning pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Flores
Authors: Suryani Lely , Seto Stefania Baptis , Bantas Maria Goretty D.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between self-efficacy and learning motivation towards the learning outcomes based on e-learning among the 4th semester students of mathematics education program, Universitas Flores. The research method used in this study was quantitative research with Linear Regression Analysis use of SPPS involving 40 students of the 4th semester randomly chosen. Data were collected through online questionnaire with Google Form. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis and hypothesis testing with Bivariate Pearson Correlation through SPSS were used. The findings showed that self-efficacy (X1) and learning motivation (X2) had a positive impact towards learning outcomes based on e-learning (Y), as a result from the correlation analysis from R for X1 against Y= 0.895 and X2 against Y=0.923, and significant value between X1 and X2 against Y resulted with (**). Therefore, there was a positive influence with 1% significant. In the other words, the more increase or the better the self-efficacy and learning motivation are, the more increase the learning outcomes from the students.
Modul Dinamika Partikel Terintegrasi Permainan Tradisional Berbasis E-Learning untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains
Authors: Shofiyah Noly , Wulandari Ria , Setiyawati Enik
Published: July 2020

This research is aimed to develop a particle dynamics module integrated traditional games that is applied in e-learning to improve scientific literacy skills. This study was a developmental research because it developed a module based on local wisdom with the R and D method developed by Borg and Gall. Research procedures included preliminary studies, product planning, product development, product validation (validation by experts), product revisions and field tests. Field trials used one group pretest-posttest design with 19 students of 4th natural science education as the samples. The instruments used were validation sheets and scientific literacy test. The results showed that the Particle Dynamics module based on local wisdom of traditional games was declared valid and feasible by experts to be implemented in distance learning (e-learning). In addition, the application of the particle dynamics module based on local wisdom of the traditional game through e-learning had a moderate effect on students' scientific literacy skills.
Effects of cold stress and starvation on the liver of yellow drum Nibea albiflora: histological alterations and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Zhu Q , Song H , Zhang Y , Chen R , Tian L , Xu D
Published: July 2020

The yellow drum Nibea albiflora is a marine fish of great economic value in China. Despite efforts to improve yields, aquaculture of this species has been hindered by increases in winter-related mortalities associated with cold temperatures and associated natural fasting periods. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate stress responses in yellow drum during periods of cold and starvation, the effect of these stresses on the liver was investigated by performing comparative analyses among fish subjected to different temperatures and feeding strategies. The experiment lasted for 22 d and involved 4 groups: one fed group (control) and one fasted group at 16°C, and one fed group and one fasted group at 8°C. Our results showed that all stress-treated groups exhibited body weight loss during the experiment, demonstrating that both cold stress and fasting caused growth inhibition, but only the fish in the fasted group at 16°C showed a loss in the liver/body ratio, suggesting that starvation can cause mass loss in the liver while cold stress can result in mass loss in both liver and other tissues. Histological alterations were observed in the liver cells from stress-treated groups, also indicating mass loss in the liver during cold stress and starvation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that genes related to the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids were the most enriched differentially expressed genes during the challenge conditions. These findings can help reveal molecular mechanisms regulating the stress responses of yellow drum exposed to cold and starvation.
Unearthing the sand microbiome of sea turtle nests with disparate survivorship at a mass-nesting beach in Costa Rica
Authors: Bézy VS , Hill-Spanik KM , Plante CJ
Published: July 2020

For endangered sea turtle populations, microbial pathogens of developing embryos are of concern at nesting sites around the globe. For olive ridley turtles, hatching success is markedly lower at mass-nesting sites than at solitary nesting beaches, a case presumably resulting from the abundance of decomposing eggs generated by nesting turtles destroying adjacent eggs. This organic input drives microbial activity, affecting the nest environment (i.e. pO2and temperature), and reducing embryo survivorship and hatching success. However, the composition of microbial communities in nest sand has not been studied in detail and the presence of potential pathogens can, therefore, not be discounted. As a part of a larger study that investigated microbial abundance in nests, we employed high-throughput DNA sequencing to compare fungal and bacterial composition in nest sand from areas of disparate embryo survivorship. While we found no differences in alpha-diversity (mean operational taxonomic unit diversity within each site) among nesting areas, the microbial community composition of each area was distinct, and differences in community structure corresponded with variable hatching success. Some sequences of potential sea turtle egg pathogens were obtained (e.g.Fusarium solanispecies complex), but were in low relative abundance, and their presence was not associated with low hatching success. Our results from the arribada beach at Ostional, Costa Rica, provide further evidence that the physical characteristics of the nest (including those that determine microbial composition and activity) are likely more relevant to hatching success than the presence of potential pathogens or microbial community structure alone.
Evaluation of nitrogen fertiliser in a beef production system
Authors: Morris S.T. , Mcfrae A.F.
Published: July 2020

This paper reports and discusses the results of 4 years of trials (1985-1988) involving 2 farmlets, one receiving 3 nitrogen applications (50 kg /ha) in autumn, winter and spring (+N) and one receiving no N fertiliser (-N). Stocking rags were 3.3 animals/ha on -N farmlet and 4.3 animals/ha on the +N farmlet for the first 3 years, with the objective being to utilise the extra N-boosted grass with extra animals/ha but not to sacrifice individual animal performance. In the fourth year the stocking rates were kept the same on each farmlet (3.3 animals/ha) in an endeavour to utilise the extra grass grown on the +N farmlet by way of increased per head performance. In 2 of the 3 years (1985 and 1987) where the +N farmlet supported the higher stocking rate, liveweight gain (LWG) did not differ between animals. In 1986 the extra animals on the -l-N farmlet had a lower LWG, whereas in 1988 the LWGs were similar for the 2 farmlets stocked at the same rate. The apparent DM responses (kg DM/kg N applied) ranged from 2 to 12. The rates of N fertiliser used in this trial do not appear to result in economic increases in pasture production for the beef production system reported here. Nitrogen fertiliser did not reduce the clover content of pastures rotationally grazed by beef cattle. Keywords beef production, nitrogen fertiliser, pasture composition, livewieght gain, economics.
Effects of summer grazing and fertiliser on the clover content of hill country swards in the Gisborne region
Authors: Korte C.J. , Quilter S.J.
Published: July 2020

Preliminary results are presented from an investigation to identify reasons for the low clover content of hill country pastures in the Gisborne-East Coast region. Four experiments were established near Gisbome. Treatments included: fertiliser versus no fertiliser; summer grazing versus no summer grazing; and clover cultivars (transpanted into swards). Summer rainfall had the major influence on the clover content of swards. With a reliable high summer rainfall the clover content averaged 16% of herbage. By contrast, with less reliable and lower summer rainfall, the clover content averaged 4-5% and subterranean clover was more important, Summer spelling of pasture, which allowed rank grass growth, reduced both white and subterranean clover content of swards. Fertiliser inputs increased the clover content of swards. Performance of cultivars was affected by grazing, differences between cultivars being greatest with summer grazing. The small-leaved cultivars of white clover ('Grasslands Tahora' and 'Whatawhata') initially performed better than larger-leaved cultivars at the high summer rainfall site, but failed to sustain any advantage. 'Tallarook' subterranean clover increased the clover content of swards with summer grazing. Keywords white clover, subterranean clover, East Coast, hill country, fertiliser, grazing management
Red fescue seed production: post-harvest management, nitrogen and closing date
Authors: Hare M.D. , Archie W.J.
Published: July 2020

Seed yields of 'Grasslands Cook' chewings fescue (Festuca rubra spp. cornmutata) and 'Grasslands Tasman' creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) were increased by immediate post-harvest grazing or burning. Severe defoliation (3-5 cm from ground level) by burning, grazing or cutting in autumn and winter, decreased seed yields. Nitrogen increased seed yields, but there were no significant differences (P
Does extra feeding of cows during winter and early spring pay?
Authors: Morton J.D. , Jensen D.P.
Published: July 2020

The effect of winter and spring feeding on milk production was investigated on a Mid-Canterbury dairy farm. High feeding of Friesian/Jersey cows to gain 64kg of liveweight during winter resulted in an extra 20kg of milkfat and 15 kg of milk protein production compared with feeding to maintain empty body liveweight. Extra feeding of cows during the first 8 weeks of lactation produced 7 kg of milkfat and 6 kg of milk protein over that period. The carry-over effect from this for the next 22 weeks of lactation of normal feeding was an extra 11 kg of milkfat and 5 kg of milk protein per cow. Simple financial analysis showed that off-farm wintering of cows to either maintain or gain liveweight and consequent high spring feeding were profitable options returning $40-42 per cow after extra grazing and topping costs. Keywords: winter, spring, feeding, milkfat,milk. protein, production
Effect of grazing management on the performance of newer pasture cultivars
Authors: Weeda W.C. , Goold G.J.
Published: July 2020

A pasture containing Concord and Yatsyn ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover and 'Grasslands Pitau' white clover was established in autumn 1987. From spring 1987 this sward was grazed at 2-, 3- and 4-weekly intervals in spring, down to a mean height of 2-3 cm or 5-6 cm in one experiment, while in another trial it was grazed in summer at 3-, 4- and 5- to 7-weekly intervals to a mean residual height of 3-4 cm or 5-6 cm. The longest grazing interval applied in spring or summer increased spring and summer pasture yields for the 3-year period by 51 and 35% respectively, compared with the shortest grazing interval. Lenient grazing in spring or summer increased both spring and summer yields by an average of 16% over 3 years. Lenient spring grazing reduced summer pasture yields by 7% over 3 years, but much of this reduction was the result of a decreased proportion of summer-growing volunteer grasses. Yatsyn ryegrass established quickly and performed well, providing the major contribution to pasture production in these 3 years. Its content in the sward was depressed by frequent spring grazing and infrequent summer grazing, but it was not significantly affected by grazing intensity and it can be recommended as the basic ryegrass in a mixture. The contribution of Concord ryegrass was confined mainly to the first winter and spring. Wana cocksfoot was slow to establish and its content in the sward wax increased by frequent spring grazing and lenient spring and summer grazing. Its greater drought tolerance will make it a useful addition to a ryegrass pasture in areas of low summer rainfall. Pawera red clover made only a small contribution to the sward and this declined with time. The effects of summer grazing management differences were mainly confined to that season, but spring pasture management treatments also affected pasture yields and botanical composition in the following summer. Keywords seasonal pasture grazing management, pasture production, botanical composition, cattle grazing, grazing frequency, grazing intensity, ryegrass, cocksfoot
Patterns of axillary bud activity in white clover
Authors: Newton P.C.D. , Hay M.J.M. , Thomas V.J. , Glasgow E.M. , Dick H.B.
Published: July 2020

The activity of white clover axillary buds was studied over a 13 month period in populations from set-stocked (S) and rotationally grazed (R) pastures. Bud activity in the field was observed and the viability of inactive buds was tested in the laboratory. R populations had significantly greater percentages of nodes bearing active buds, potentially active buds and roots. Two kinds of dormancy were identified in axillary buds. For much of the year buds at approximately 26% of nodes were prevented from growing, probably by a combination of correlative factors and the environmental conditions surrounding each bud-site. During spring, very few buds could be stimulated to grow; these buds were regarded as showing the second form of dormancy. The R population had a deeper but less prolonged 'spring dormancy'. The physiological basis and ecological significance of 'spring dormancy' are considered. Keywords white clover, dormancy, axillary buds
Effect of canopystructure and light intensity on seed production in white clover
Authors: Pasumarty S.V. , Thomas R.G.
Published: July 2020

A field experiment was structure and light intensity on seed production A field experiment conducted during the summer of 1989-90 to determine to what extentand under what growing conditions the seed yield of white clover flower heads is influenced by canopy density and overcast weather conditions in plants of 'Grasslands Pitau'. Overcast weather was simulated by artificially shading the plants. The flower heads developed in a dense canopy produced 37% fewer seeds per head than those formed in an open canopy. Seed yield per flower head was also strongly affected by artificial shading. When plants were shaded only before pollination there was a 3 1% reduction in seed number per head; when shade was given only after pollination there was a reduction of 25%. It is argued that a major advantage of the practice of defoliation at the time of closing for seed production is enhancement of flower fertility; and that decreased seed set in duller, wetter summers is probably, at least in part; attributable to increased ovule sterility in the dense canopies formed under those conditions, Keywords: white clover, canopy, light intensity, seed yield
Establishment of 1600 hectares in dryland species around Oamaru/Timaru
Authors: Milne Gavin , Fraser Tom
Published: July 2020

The Drought Pasture Demonstration Programme invloves 81 farms in the North Otago and South Canterbury areas, with an average 19.7 ha per farm, and total area of 1595 ha. The purpose is to demonstrate, in a practical and effective way, the benefits and establishment methods of drought tolerant pasture species. Ten different species of forage grasses, legumes and herbs were used, comprising 19 different cultivars. Half the area was sown in February and March 1989 with the remaining areas sown in spring 1989 and autumn 1990. Sowing was done by either full cultivation, minimum tillage or direct drilling. A 97% success rate was achieved in establishing these pastures, despite a dry and mild autumn, demonstrating to farmers that with correct technical advice the risks of poor establishment are low. The aspects most important for pasture establishment were paddock preparation, moisture at sowing, timing, sowing depth, insect control, soil fertility, initial grazing, and patience. A survey of farmers has shown that a large number of farmers in the region have already viewed the demonstration pastures, and subsequently sown their own. Keywords dryland, pasture establishment, drought, technology transfer
Biological control of grass grub in Canterbury
Authors: Jackson Trevor
Published: July 2020

The grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) is a major pest of Canterbury pastures. Grass grub numbers are low in young pastures and then commonly rise to a peak 4-6 years from sowing, before declining. Grass grub numbers in older pastures fluctuate but rarely reach the same levels as the early peak. Biological control agents such as bird and invertebrate predators, parasites and diseases cause mortality in grass grub populations; the effect of predators and parasites is limited. Pathogens are common in grass grub populations. Amber disease, caused by the bacteria Serratia spp., was the disease most frequently found in population surveys in Canterbury, while milky disease (Bacillus popilliae) and protozoan diseases were less common. The level of amber disease was reduced in pastures where insecticide had been applied. Inundative applications of entomophagous nematodes and the bacterium Serratia entomophila have been tested against grass grub. A bacterial productbased on S. entomophila is now being marketed for grass grub control. Keywords grass grub, biological control, pathogens
Natural reseeding of five grass species in summer dry hill country
Authors: Hume D.E. , Barker D.J.
Published: July 2020

Natural reseeding of 5 grass species was monitored over 2-3 years in summer dry hill country in central Wairarapa and Taupo. Measurements included numbers of seedheads and seedlings appearing, survival andgrowth of tagged seedlings and their contribution to sward tiller populations. Effects of fertiliser (high, low) and summer grazing managements (continuously summer grazed, spelled from grazing during summer) were examined. All seedlings appeared in autumn/early winter. No seedlings of phalaris and few tall fescue and cocksfoot seedlings were found, and all failed to survive the first summer. Reseeding of prairie grass was significant, failure of which corresponded with a general decline in persistence of prairie grass swards. With summer spelling in central Wairarapa, prairie grass had relatively high seedling numbers (144/m?), seedling survival (10%) and contribution (11%) to prairie grass tillers in the sward. Reseeding was most prolific for perennial ryegrass (Nui and resident ryegrass) (283 seedlings appeared/m2). Summer spelling gave high ryegrass seedling numbers in central Wairarapa but lower numbers at Taupo, compared with summer grazing. At both sites, however, summer grazing increasedryegrass seedling survival and seedling contribution to the total sward (11% of total tillers), despite inherently dense, competitive swards. Effects of fertiliser were generally minor. Variation between sites and years was considerable. Reseeding had little effect on numbers of new plants in the sward, but may be significant when considered cumulativley over a number of years. Keywords natural reseeding, summer dry hill country, summer grazing managements, fertiliser, prairie grass, ryegrass, phalaris, cocksfoot, tall fescue
Pilot study of the SCFA Headspace Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Metabolites in Media with and without Polyols
Authors: Habibi Goudarzi S , Kabat B , Cannon M , Gashkoff M , Zurek R
Published: July 2020

This pilot study of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 grown in media with and without polyols (erythritol) measured the resultant metabolites, including the Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) by using head space analysis. Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI2 or BHI10) supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose containing no polyols or either erythritol or xylitol and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) was grown aerobically. After 48 hours of growth the supernatant were harvested and centrifuged to pellet bacteria. Supernatants were removed from bacterial pellets then submitted for SCFA analysis with an Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA 95051) system configured from three components, a 5973-mass selective detector, a 6890N gas chromatographer, and a 7697A headspace sampler. Streptococcus mutans growing in BHI supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose but containing no polyols produced the following short chain fatty acids: methyl isovalerate, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, ethyl butaric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, hexanoic acid. When the BHI broth supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose containing erythritol was used as media for this Streptococcus mutans strain, the following were produced: ethanol, acetoin, and acetic acid. Our results would indicate that constituents of the bacteria media may affect the bacterial metabolite production.
Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale: Urdu Translation and Validation
Authors: Bukhari Sana , Masood Sobia
Published: July 2020

Based on the Cognitive Contextual framework, the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC; Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992) scale was developed to measure perception of children about interparental conflict. This paper presents a valid and reliable Urdu translation of CPIC scale, using a sample of 521 adolescents, to make available an instrument that can be used on Pakistani adolescents. The guidelines of Brislin (1970) were used for the translation of CPIC, followed by cross-language validation, which showed significant correlations (p< .01) between original and Urdu-version of CPIC. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and follow-up model fit indices showed a good fit on its original four factor structure (GFI = .90; IFI = .91; CFI = .91; RMSEA = .03), after deletion of certain items. Cronbach’s coefficient indicated sound internal consistency of all subscales. It is concluded that the Urdu-translated version of CPIC is a reliable and valid measure to assess different aspects of interparental conflict in a sample of Pakistani adolescents. Uses and potential implications of an Urdu-translated version of CPIC are discussed.
HUBUNGAN ONSET KELUHAN NYERI PERUT DAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT DENGAN TINGKAT KEPARAHAN APENDISITIS AKUT PADA ANAK
Authors: Wibowo Wahyu Jati , Wahid Tubagus Odih Rhomdani , Masdar Huriatul
Published: July 2020

Apendisitis akut selalu memerlukan terapi pembedahan. Jika apendektomi tidak dilakukan segera, akan menyebabkan perforasi pada apendiks dan kontaminasi peritoneal. Angka kejadian tertinggi apendisitis adalah pada akhir usia remaja, dengan 5% kejadian pada anak usia dibawah 5 tahun.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara onset keluhan nyeri perut dengan tingkat keparahan apendisitis akut anak serta mengetahui perbedaan rerata  jumlah leukosit apendisitis akut anak antara apendisitis non komplikata dan apendisitis komplikata. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik komparatif dengan pendekatan retrospective. Terdapat sebanyak 68 rekam medis pasien apendisitis akut anak di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau periode Januari 2018 – Desember 2019. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbandingan yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan, dengan didominasi pada rentang usia 6-12 tahun. Lama onset keluhan nyeri perut didominasi pada lama keluhan lebih dari 48 jam. Terdapat 69,1% apendisitis komplikata. Leukositosis terjadi pada 76,5% pasien. Hasil uji komparatif t tidak berpasangan didapatkan p=0,000 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan rerata jumlah leukosit yang bermakna antara apendisitis non komplikata dan apendisitis komplikata. Nilai IK95%=4.015,7-6.683,1 berarti tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 95% perbedaaan rerata jumlah leukosit antara apendisitis non komplikata dan apendisitis komplikata adalah antara 4.015,7-6.683,1 sel/mm3. Hasil uji komparatif Chi Square antara onset keluhan nyeri perut dengan keparahan apendisitis akut anak didapatkan p=0,00 yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara onset nyeri perut dengan keparahan apendisitis akut anak. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata leukosit yang bermakna antara apendisitis non komplikata dan apendisitis komplikata serta terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara onset keluhan nyeri perut dengan tingkat keparahan apendisitis akut anak.
HUBUNGAN EFEKTIVITAS DISKUSI KELOMPOK DENGAN NILAI MODUL KARDIORESPIRASI PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2018 DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS BAITURRAHMAH
Authors: Maulana Ilham , Akbar Resti Rahmadika , Nurhuda M
Published: July 2020

Dalam pendidikan kedokteran, sistem student centered learning (SCL) diterapkan dengan model problem based learning (PBL). ini merupakan inovasi dalam suatu metode pembelajaran dengan tujuan untuk melatih mahasiswa berpikir kritis, kreatif, rasional dan meningkatkan pemahaman materi serta memberikan pengalaman nyata terhadap mahasiswa salah satu metodenya yaitu diskusi kelompok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana hubungan diskusi kelompok dengan nilai modul kardiorespirasi mahasiswa tahun pertama di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah. Penelitian  ini merupakan penelitian  analitik  korelatif dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa tahun pertama pada bulan Mei 2019 dengan rumus korelatif kategorik dengan sampel sebanyak 60 orang menggunakan google formulir. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Spearman menggunakan program SPSS. Pada penelitian ini dari 150 mahasiswa diperoleh responden sebanyak 60 orang hasil paling banyak tinggal sendiri, kontrakan atau kos yatu sebanyak 53 orang (88,3%) dan yang paling banyak mengisi data adalah berjenis kelamin perempuan yaitu sebanyak 48 (80%). Untuk nilai modul di dominasi oleh nilai D sebanyak 31 orang (51,3 aspek demotivational sebanyak 67%. Kemudian hubungan efektivitas diskusi kelompok dengan nilai modul pada aspek demotivational r=0,385 dan p=0,002. Kesimpulan penelitian ini di dapatkan dari tiga aspek yang terdapat pada efektifitas diskusi kelompok hanya aspek demotivational yang memiliki hubugan dengan nilai modul memiliki hubungan dan menunjukan koefisien korelasi dengan p=0,002 dan nilai r=0,385 maka semakin tinggi nilai aspek demotivational maka semakin tinggi tingkat kegagalan
BRG1 Stimulates Endothelial Derived Alarmin MRP8 to Promote Macrophage Infiltration in an Animal Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Li Zilong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yangxi , Yu Liming , Xiao Bin , Li Tianfa , Kong Xiaocen , Xu Yong
Published: July 2020

Endothelial cell derived angiocrine factors contribute to the disruption of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in response to stress stimuli. In the present study we investigated the role of BRG1, a key component of the chromatin remodeling complex, in the regulation of angiocrine signaling. We report that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in mice with endothelial-specific ablation of BRG1 (ecKO) compared to the control mice (WT). Mitigation of cardiac hypertrophy as a result of BRG1 deficiency was accompanied by decreased macrophage homing to the hearts. This could be explained by the observation that the ecKO mice exhibited down-regulation of myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8), a well-established chemokine for macrophages, in vascular endothelial cells compared to the WT mice. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 mediated the activation of MRP8 expression by Ang II treatment in endothelial cells to promote macrophage migration. BRG1 was recruited to the MRP8 promoter by interacting with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α). Reciprocally, BRG1 facilitated the binding of HIF-1α to the MRP8 promoter by sequentially recruiting histone acetyltransferase p300 and histone demethylase KDM3A. Depletion of either p300 or KDM3A repressed the induction of MRP8 expression by Ang II and ameliorated macrophage migration. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel epigenetic pathway whereby Ang II stimulates MRP8 production and macrophage homing to promote cardiac hypertrophy.
Parameter Calibration of Pig Manure with Discrete Element Method Based on JKR Contact Model
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Liu Renxin , Yang Weiping
Published: July 2020

The conversion of pig manure into organic fertilizer has become a research hotspot in agricultural engineering, and many types of pig manure processing machinery have been derived. The discrete element method (DEM) can be used in the research of pig manure processing machinery to study the interaction between pig manure and machinery, which makes the research more direct and accurate. In order to introduce the discrete element method into the research of pig manure processing machinery, a reliable parameter basis for discrete element simulation is necessary, taking the angle of repose (AoR) as the reference and based on the hertz-mindlin with JKR contact model and Plackett–Burman experiment design. Three parameters with significant influence on the AoR are screened out from nine parameters related to pig manure. By conducting Box–Behnken experiment design, the quadratic polynomial regression equation between the AoR and three significant parameters is established. According to the parameters predicted by the quadratic polynomial regression equation, the discrete element simulation of AoR is conducted. The simulation result of AoR (38.54°) is close to the experimental result (38.65°) with a relative error of 0.28%, indicating that the regression equation can predict the relevant parameters of pig manure according to the AoR.
Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal Affects the Cecal Microbiota of Growing Pigs
Authors: Meyer Sandra , Gessner Denise K. , Maheshwari Garima , Röhrig Julia , Friedhoff Theresa , Most Erika , Zorn Holger , Ringseis Robert , Eder Klaus
Published: July 2020

The hypothesis tested was that dietary inclusion of insect meal (IM) causes an alteration in the cecal microbiota composition and its fermentation activity of growing pigs. Five-week-old male crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 pigs each, and fed isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM (IM5) or 10% IM (IM10) from Tenebrio molitor larvae for four weeks. The relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was lower in group IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes-ratio tended to be higher in groups IM10 and IM5 than in group CON (p < 0.1). The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria tended to be higher in group IM10 than in groups CON and IM5 (p < 0.1). The concentrations of the total short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta did not differ between the three groups, but the concentrations of the branched-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta were higher in group IM5 and IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05). The present study shows for the first time that the replacement of soybean meal by Tenebrio molitor larvae meal causes a shift of the cecal microbial community and its fermentation activity in growing pigs.
Behavior and Performance of Suckling Piglets Provided Three Supplemental Heat Sources
Authors: Zhu Yunhui , Li Yuzhi , Reese Michael , Buchanan Eric , Tallaksen Joel , Johnston Lee
Published: July 2020

This study compared water-heated mats (WM) and electric-heated mats (EM) with heat lamps (HL) as supplemental heat sources for suckling piglets. Forty-two litters were studied in 3 trials. In all trials, behavior of piglets was video-recorded on day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 postpartum. Videos were scan-sampled to register postures (lying and standing) and locations (on or away from mat) to assess piglet use of heat sources. Litter size and weight at birth and weaning, and pre-weaning mortality were recorded. Data were analyzed using Glimmix Procedures of SAS. Piglets spent more time on WM than under HL (67.5% vs. 51.0%, p = 0.002). No difference in piglet performance between WM and HL was observed, except mortality tended to be higher in WM (22.9% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.06). Piglet performance and use of the heat source were comparable for HL and EM. When comparing WM with EM, piglets provided WM spent more time on the mat compared to those provided EM (21.8% vs. 17.1%; p = 0.02). No difference in pre-weaning mortality, litter weight, and individual daily gain was observed between WM and EM group. These results suggest EM and HL were comparable to maintain performance and postural behaviors of piglets.