bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for multiple cases of recurrentLegionellainfection: a Danish national surveillance study
Authors: Cassell Kelsie , Kjelsø Charlotte , Weinberger Daniel M , Uldum Søren A
Published: January 2021

While case reports have documented recurrence of Legionnaires’ disease, the frequency of recurrent infections has not been systematically examined at a national level over multiple decades. Between 2000 and 2020 in Denmark, 21 individuals had repeat laboratory-identifiedLegionellainfection, totalling 48 episodes of hospitalisation. The majority of these individuals had underlying comorbidities. In at least 3 of the 21 cases, a differentLegionellaserogroup was detected during the second episode of infection, which could indicate reinfection from a new source. These results emphasise thatLegionellacan, and does, reinfect high-risk individuals causing multiple hospitalisations.
In the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis), two stressors that individually enhance memory in combination block memory formation
Authors: Soudavari Romina , Batabyal Anuradha , Lukowiak Ken
Published: January 2021

Stress plays an important role in memory formation in the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)). Individual stressors have been shown to enhance or to perturb long-term memory (LTM) formation. However, when snails perceive a combination of two stressors, it is unclear the outcome with regards to LTM formation. Here we first show that when L. stagnalis are exposed individually to either a predator stressor (crayfish effluent (CE), which is a kairomone) or a thermal stressor (30 °C), LTM formation is enhanced. In their natural environment, L. stagnalis may experience temperatures approaching 30 °C and they may encounter crayfish at the same time. How such a combination of stressors alters adaptive behaviour is unknown. Here we show that when these two stressors are combined, LTM formation is blocked. Since boiling CE inactivates the kairomone, we used previously boiled CE that we combined with the thermal stressor and found that LTM formation is again enhanced. These data show that (i) it cannot accurately be predicted how a combination of stressors when combined interact to alter LTM formation and (ii) there is a difference between hot CE and room temperature CE.
Record dynamics of evolving metastable systems: theory and applications
Authors: Sibani Paolo , Boettcher Stefan , Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft
Published: January 2021

Record Dynamics (RD) deals with complex systems evolving through a sequence of metastable stages. These are macroscopically distinguishable and appear stationary, except for the sudden and rapid changes, called quakes, which induce the transitions from one stage to the next. This phenomenology is well known in physics as “physical aging”, but from the vantage point of RD, the evolution of a class of systems of physical, biological, and cultural origin is rooted in a hierarchically structured configuration space and can, therefore, be analyzed by similar statistical tools. This colloquium paper strives to present in a coherent fashion methods and ideas that have gradually evolved over time. To this end, it first describes the differences and similarities between RD and two widespread paradigms of complex dynamics, Self-Organized Criticality and Continuous Time Random Walks. It then outlines the Poissonian nature of records events in white noise time-series, and connects it to the statistics of quakes in metastable hierarchical systems, arguing that the relaxation effects of quakes can generally be described by power laws unrelated to criticality. Several different applications of RD have been developed over the years. Some of these are described, showing the basic RD hypothesis and how the log-time homogeneity of quake dynamics, can be empirically verified in a given context. The discussion summarizes the paper and briefly mentions applications not discussed in detail. Finally, the outlook points to possible improvements and to new areas of research where RD could be of use.

Graphic Abstract
Non-Submodular Maximization with Matroid and Knapsack Constraints
Authors: Wang Yijing , Du Donglei , Jiang Yanjun , Zhang Xianzhao
Published: January 2021

We investigate the problem of maximizing a [Formula: see text]-submodular function subject to one or multiple matroid constraints and one knapsack constraint. By the greedy local search technique, we present approximation algorithms with constant approximation ratios. When [Formula: see text], our model reduces to the regular submodular maximization problem investigated in the literature under the same type of constraints. Our results therefore contribute towards the line of research on constrained non-submodular function maximization.
Research on Partner Selection Method of Logistics Service Supply Chain Based on Supply and Demand Matching
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Cheng Yaorong , Feng Mei
Published: January 2021

Partner selection problem plays an important role in the coordinated operation of logistics service supply chain. In order to select the optimal partner enterprises of logistics service supply chain, a two-stage partner selection method is proposed from the perspective of supply and demand matching. In the first stage, the logistics project is divided into multiple subtasks. The demand criteria system of subtasks and the supply capabilities criteria system of candidate enterprises are established. The concept of subtask-oriented supply–demand matching degree is proposed. According to the supply–demand matching degree threshold, the qualified enterprises of each subtask are selected. In the second stage, a partner selection model is established. The partner selection model is transformed into a matching problem of weighted bipartite graph between subtasks and qualified enterprises, and the optimal matching combinations are determined by using Kuhn–Munkras algorithm. The feasibility of the two-stage partner selection method is verified by a computational experiment. The sensitivity analysis in the computational experiment provides help for decision makers to set parameters more reasonably.
A Low-Power High Gain and High Linearity CMOS RF Front-End Design Involving a Charge Injection Mixer for V2X Technology
Authors: Ozkan Bahadir , Zencir Ertan
Published: January 2021

In this paper, an RF front-end (RFFE) circuit consisting of a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a down-conversion mixer for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications in a 65-nm CMOS process is presented. V2X standard has a carrier frequency of 5.9[Formula: see text]GHz with 10 and 20[Formula: see text]MHz bandwidth options. The LNA topology of the RFFE is based on an inductively degenerated cascode common source differential approach. The mixer design uses a double-balanced topology with a charge injection method to enhance the linearity and noise figure performance. The RFFE design shows a single sideband integrated noise figure of 4.47[Formula: see text]dB with a total conversion gain of 28[Formula: see text]dB. The IIP3 is obtained as [Formula: see text]17[Formula: see text]dBm with charge injection in the mixer which is an improvement of 5[Formula: see text]dB as compared to no charge injection. The design consumes a total current of 10.24[Formula: see text]mA from a 1.2-V supply. This work is the first CMOS RFFE design implemented for V2X applications.
Pillar Number Plate Detection and Recognition in Unconstrained Scenarios
Authors: Zheng Shangdong , Wu Zebin , Xu Yang , Wei Zhihui , Xu Wei , Liu Jianxin , Ding Daohua , Yang Jiandong
Published: January 2021

Overhead catenary system (OCS) images exhibit great variations with clutter backgrounds, complex scenes and oblique views which pose great difficulty for automatic pillar number plate (NP) detection and recognition (NPDAR). Although these tasks have an important and practical significance for railway transportation, little researches have been done on these fields. In this paper, we propose a complete automatic NPDAR system with two main advantages: (1) For detection task, we propose Skip Connection Attention Module (SCAM) for adaptive feature refinement. Based on SCAM, the Attention_Guided Feature Fusion (AFF) module is designed for building high-level feature maps at different scales. (2) A novel convolution module, width/height convolution module (W/H-CM) was designed for NP recognition to capture global feature information efficiently. The W/H-CM extracts contextual information from two other perspectives compared to common convolution operation and iteratively generates supplementary information, making the representation of features more comprehensive. Both of them can incorporate with state-of-art feed forward network architecture in an end-to-end training fashion. We conduct extensive experiments on both our datasets and standard benchmarks PASCAL-VOC, MS COCO to verify competitive performance of our method.
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF EROSION-CORROSION IN ABRASIVE WATER JET MACHINING
Authors: DENİZ ADA H. , ERDEM MEHMET , GOK KADİR
Published: January 2021

Today, conventional machining with chip or machining without chip machining manufacturing methods is used to bring to the desired dimensions sizes the machines and equipment used in the industry. However, non-traditional manufacturing methods are used in cases where traditional machining manufacturing methods are inadequate. Cutting with water jet which is one of the non-traditional manufacturing methods is commonly used in several fields of industry. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods such as turning and milling, not using of a physical cutting tool is among the advantages of the method. Abrasive water jet manufacturing method was started to be applied by adding abrasive particles in the water jet. Apart from the superior properties of the method, possible damages occur in the water jet nozzle due to processes such as cutting or drilling by applying high pressure. Erosion-corrosion is the leading damage among these damages. In this study, the erosion-corrosion in the nozzle caused by high-pressure water and abrasive during the abrasive water jet cutting process was simulated in the computer environment. In this paper, the erosion rate in the nozzle was calculated as 6,90E-06[Formula: see text]kg/m2[Formula: see text]s. This value was converted as 0,30[Formula: see text]mm (27,09[Formula: see text]mm for yearly) via developed software for 100[Formula: see text]h.
Two-Level Defect-Correction Stabilized Finite Element Method for the Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations Based on Pressure Projection
Authors: Wen Juan , Wang Yu
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we propose the two-level defect-correction stabilized finite element method based on pressure projection for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The new method combines the two-level method and the defect-correction strategy with the stabilized method based on pressure projection. It has the good properties of these three methods, such as high efficiency, good stability and saving the computing time. The stability and convergence of this new method are analyzed. Finally, numerical example confirms our theory analysis.
Information paradox for a collapsing string cloud in rainbow gravity
Authors: Sheikh Umber , Liaqut Sufyan , Yousaf Zeeshan , Ul Haq Bhatti Muhammad Zaeem
Published: January 2021

This work is devoted to study the gravitational collapse of a string cloud in Rainbow gravity. The results are obtained for spherically symmetric spacetime. The radius and time to reach the horizon for a particle are calculated. This helps to understand the famous information paradox in the Early Universe and the intersteller gas clouds. Our study strengthens the view that the information can be carried out of the black hole as a result of the spherical collapse.
Active-N-Dominated Carbon Frameworks Supported CoNC Integrated with Co Nanoparticles as an Enhanced Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst
Authors: Yang Fuwen , Lei Ying , Xie Huaming , Liu Xingyong , Wang Honghui
Published: January 2021

[Formula: see text]–Nx–C ([Formula: see text]=Fe, Co, etc.) substances received tremendous attention due to its outstanding performance for oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. Usually, metal nanoparticles could form simultaneously during synthesis process, whereas these nanoparticles received very little attention since they were often removed by acid etching. Here, we designed and synthesized an active-N-dominated Co, N co-doped carbon layers supported Co nanoparticles material (denoted as CoNPs@CoNC) by annealing the composites of Co-Phen confined in porous carbon supports together with urea at 900∘C. Compared with the acid etching CoNC catalyst without the surface Co nanoparticles, CoNPs@CoNC catalyst exhibited a higher Co content and slightly positive shifting of the main peak of Co 2p3/2 that is closely associated with the tuned electronic structure. Additionally, the as-prepared CoNPs@CoNC catalyst provided a superior performance ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V versus RHE, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V) than that of CoNC catalyst ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V), which led to a lower reversible overvoltage of 0.73[Formula: see text]V for CoNPs@CoNC. Furthermore, the superior performance enabled the CoNPs@CoNC-based Zn–air battery catalyst with a more admirable charge-discharge performance in terms of open-circuit voltage, energy density and power density, unveiling its immense potential in realistic utilization.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials by Surface Modification with Al2O3–ZrO2 for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Tianqi , Yang Canxing , Wu Han , Jiang Guodong , Xiong Jian , Ai Qing , Huang Renzhong , Yuan Songdong
Published: January 2021

Al2O3–ZrO2 was coated on the surface of nickel-rich cathode materials by the sol–gel method to improve its electrochemical performance. The nanometer-thick Al2O3–ZrO2 coating layer refrains the side reaction between the electrolyte and the electrode, thus preventing the collapse of LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O2 layered structure and protecting the stability of the material. The electrochemical test shows that LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O2 coated with Al2O3–ZrO2 has good cycle and rate performance. Under the cut-off voltage of 2.8–4.5[Formula: see text]V, LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O2 coated with Al2O3–ZrO2 delivered an initial capacity which was 166.7[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]at 1C (200[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] rate, and the capacity retention rate was 77.7% after 200 cycles. The pristine LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O2 delivered an initial capacity which was 166.4[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at 1C rate, and the capacity retention rate was 51.7% after 200 cycles. The EIS and CV provided the enhanced electrochemical performance of LiNi[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O2 coated with Al2O3–ZrO2 which was due to accelerating Li[Formula: see text] diffusion of nickel-rich materials and electrolytes.
Generalized four new sums of graphs and their Zagreb indices
Authors: Patil Shreekant , Basavanagoud Bommanahal
Published: January 2021

The first Zagreb index of a graph [Formula: see text] is the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce generalized four new sums of graphs and study the first Zagreb index and coindex of the resulting graphs. In addition, we give the short proof for the earlier results of Deng, Sarala, Ayyaswamy and Balachandran [Appl. Math. Comput. 275 (2016) 422–431] on the first Zagreb index of four operations on graphs by different approach.
Variation tolerant and stability simulation of low power SRAM cell analysis using FGMOS
Authors: Sharma Neha , Chandel Rajeevan
Published: January 2021

With technology scaling, stability, power dissipation, and device variability, the impact of process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations has become dominant for static random access memory (SRAM) analysis for productivity and failure. In this paper, ten-transistors (10T) and low power eight-transistors SRAM cells are redesigned using floating-gate MOS transistors (FGMOS). Power centric parameters viz. read power, write power, hold power and delay are the performance analysis metrics. Further, the stochastic parameter variation to study the variability tolerance of the redesigned cell, PVT variations and Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for 10T FGMOS SRAM cell. Stability has been illustrated with the conventional butterfly method giving read static noise margin (RSNM) and write static noise margin (WSNM) metrics for read stability and write ability, respectively. A comparative analysis with standard six-transistor SRAM cell is carried out. HSPICE simulative analysis has been carried out for 32[Formula: see text]nm technology node. The redesigned FGMOS SRAM cells provide improved performance. Also, these are robust and reliability efficient with comparable stability.
Developing a Conceptual Model for Process Capability in the Brazilian Data Protection Regulation Context
Authors: Muncinelli Gianfranco , de Lima Edson Pinheiro , Cestari José Marcello A. P. , Deschamps Fernando , da Costa Sergio E. Gouvea
Published: January 2021

A capability model describes the complete set of features that an organization requires to execute its business model or fulfill its mission; the user’s environment must be increasingly included in the design and development of necessary and desired solutions. For this, the development of the model and its application are central issues. An account should be taken of legislation involving the protection of individuals’ data in any relationship involving the processing of information classified as personal data; as well as its impact on public and private companies across the country, considering any size and market segment, and taking into account the need to comply with legal requirements efficiently and sustainably, mitigating risk factors. Transdisciplinarity characterizes this research, as the digital transformation process integrates legal, technological aspects, risks, business analysis, good practices and standards of information technology management and digital compliance. This paper addresses this problem by analyzing the main areas of contribution to the assessment of process capability for digital transformation concerning cybersecurity in the context of personal data protection legislation. Finally, the main components of the future capability model are presented. The paper presents the components of the MCP-LGPD capability model (process capability model — general data protection law) to understand the functionality and underlying flows in the context of Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD). The MCP-LGPD comprises of four levels of capacity that indicates the degrees of evolution and implementation of certain guidelines related to attributes. All the model attributes are presented before the interviews with the specialists, who will validate these attributes.
Porphyry Cu–Au ± Mo mineralization hosted by potassic igneous rocks: implications from the giant Peschanka porphyry deposit, Baimka Trend (North East Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Chitalin Andrey F. , Baksheev Ivan A. , Nikolaev Yurii N. , Djedjeya Georgy T. , Khabibullina Yuliya N. , Müller Daniel
Published: January 2021

Porphyry Cu–Au ± Mo mineralization at Peschanka is hosted by monzodiorite and monzonite intrusions with high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic compositions and dated at about 144.1 ± 1.5 Ma, using U/Pb zircon ages. The Cretaceous intrusions are emplaced in a melange of Cretaceous island arcs, a tectonic setting comparable with other world-class porphyry Cu–Au deposits, such as Oyu Tolgoi, Mongolia and Pebble, Alaska. Abundant primary magnetite contents of the Peschanka intrusions, as well as numerous gypsum and anhydrite veins, reflect the high oxidation states of their parental magmas. This mineralogical interpretation is confirmed by high whole-rock Fe
2
O
3
/FeO ratios and high V/Sc ratios of the rocks of up to 1.27 and up to 21.9, respectively. The whole-rock Eu/Eu* ratios of the Peschanka intrusions are ≥1 which is also typical for potassic igneous rocks with high oxidation states. Abundant amphibole and biotite phenocrysts of the intrusions as well as their high whole-rock Sr/Y ratios of up to 225 document significantly high H
2
O contents of the high-K magmas. Peschanka contains a resource of >9.5 Mt of copper at an average grade of 0.43 wt% and 16.5 Moz of gold at a high average grade of 0.23 g/t and thus represents one of the largest undeveloped greenfield copper projects worldwide. The vicinity of Peschanka still offers significant brownfield exploration potential. The hypogene vein-related and disseminated Cu–Au ± Mo sulfide mineralization at Peschanka is structurally controlled by significant NE-trending strike-slips that acted as the conduits for the hydrothermal fluids. The central part of the orebody consists of high-grade north–south-trending sheeted quartz–bornite veining with unusually high vein densities. The highest Cu and Au grades are directly correlated with high vein densities. Peschanka is defined by distinct hydrothermal alteration zones including potassic, phyllic, propylitic and argillic assemblages, but a distinct lack of advanced argillic alteration. The mineralization itself is also zoned ranging from a central Mo–Cpy–Bn sulfide assemblage to a peripheral Py–Mt-dominated zone (‘pyrite-shell’). Late-stage polymetallic assemblages overprint and surround the main stockwork zone.
Increasing the Donor Pool: Organ Transplantation from Donors with HIV to Recipients with HIV
Authors: Nambiar Puja H. , Doby Brianna , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Segev Dorry L. , Durand Christine M.
Published: January 2021

Implementation of the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act marks a new era in transplantation, allowing organ transplantation from HIV+ donors to HIV+ recipients (HIV D+/R+ transplantation). In this review, we discuss major milestones in HIV and transplantation which paved the way for this landmark policy change, including excellent outcomes in HIV D–/R+ recipient transplantation and success in the South African experience of HIV D+/R+ deceased donor kidney transplantation. Under the HOPE Act, from March 2016 to December 2018, there were 56 deceased donors, and 102 organs were transplanted (71 kidneys and 31 livers). In 2019, the first HIV D+/R+ living donor kidney transplants occurred. Reaching the full estimated potential of HIV+ donors will require overcoming challenges at the community, organ procurement organization, and transplant center levels. Multiple clinical trials are ongoing, which will provide clinical and scientific data to further extend the frontiers of knowledge in this field.
An Analytical Model for Liquid and Gas Diffusion Layers in Electrolyzers and Fuel Cells
Authors: Rajora A. , Haverkort J. W.
Published: January 2021

The diffusion layer is a crucial part of most fuel cells and electrolyzers. We analytically solve a simplified set of visco-capillary equations for the gas and liquid saturation profiles inside such layers. Contrary to existing numerical simulations, this approach allows us to obtain general scaling relations. We derive simple explicit equations for the limiting current density associated with reactant starvation, flooding, and membrane dehydration, including the effect of fluid properties, contact angle, tortuosity, and the pore size distribution. This is the first explicit, extensive and thorough analytical modeling framework for the two-phase transport in an electrochemical cell that provides useful insights into the performance characteristics of the diffusion layer. A more even pore size distribution generally allows higher currents. Explicit expressions for the minimum pore size and maximum layer thickness show that modern diffusion layers are typically well-designed.
Editors’ Choice—Power-Generating Electrochemical CO2Scrubbing from Air Enabling Practical AEMFC Application
Authors: Zheng Yiwei , Huang Garrett , Mandal Mrinmay , Varcoe John R. , Kohl Paul A. , Mustain William. E.
Published: January 2021

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been widely touted as a low-cost alternative to existing proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, AEMFCs operating on air suffer from a severe performance penalty caused by carbonation from exposure to CO2. Many approaches to removing CO2from the cathode inlet would consume valuable energy and complicate the systems-level balance-of-plant. Therefore, this work focuses on an electrochemical solution where CO2removal would still generate power, but not expose an entire AEMFC stack to carbonation conditions. Such a system consists of two AEMFCs in series. The first AEMFC, which acts as an anion exchange CO2separator (AECS), is relatively small and serves to scrub CO2from the air. The AECS is powered by the hydrogen bleed from the second (i.e., main) AEMFC. A small amount of hydrogen is bled from the recycled hydrogen used in the main AEMFC to mitigate impurity build-up, including nitrogen gas from diffusion across its membrane. The second, main AEMFC operates on the purified air output from the AECS and fresh H2. This work shows that it is possible to use an AECS to lower the CO2concentration in the AEMFC input air stream to values low enough that the main AEMFC can be operated stably for extended periods, 150 h in this demonstration. Also, in this study, AEMFCs are operated on AECS-purified air without experiencing a performance penalty. Lastly, the relative geometric active area of the AEMFC and AECS devices are evaluated and discussed.
Noninvasive stratification of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by whole transcriptome cell-free mRNA characterization
Authors: Chalasani Naga , Toden Shusuke , Sninsky John J. , Rava Richard P. , Braun Jerome V. , Gawrieh Samer , Zhuang Jiali , Nerenberg Michael , Quake Stephen R. , Maddala Tara
Published: January 2021

This work is the first study, to our knowledge, to utilize circulating cell-free mRNA sequencing to develop an NAFLD diagnostic classifier.
Evasion-Faced Fast Adaptive Neural Attitude Control for Generic Hypersonic Vehicles with Structural and Parametric Uncertainties
Authors: Yan Tian , Cai Yuanli , Wei Caisheng
Published: January 2021

In general, the evasion task requires the hypersonic vehicles (HSVs) to quickly complete the attitude maneuver in a short time. Moreover, the rapid variation of the flight modes often induces the structural and parametric uncertainties as well as the highly dynamic disturbances of the HSVs. The peculiar and complex characteristics of the evasion process make it difficult to design the evasion-faced flight control systems. In this work, we investigate the fast adaptive control design problem for the generic HSVs under the evasion task. By introducing several especial nonlinear functional vectors and properly designing the adaptive laws, the high dynamic disturbances and uncertainties can be suppressed. To deal with the completed unknown parts of the structural uncertainties and aerodynamic uncertainties caused by evasion maneuver, two radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are introduced as real-time approximators. Furthermore, to improve the response speed of the flight control system, a super-twisting (STW) algorithm-based predictor is used as a feed-forward term of the controller. Consequently, a novel evasion-faced fast adaptive feed-forward control structure has been established for the HSVs. It has been proven that all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded with satisfactory tracking velocity. Finally, the simulation experiment has been set up to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control method.
New Sodium Intercalation Cathode Prepared by Sodiation of Delithiated Host LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoang , Nguyen Le Minh , Huynh Tuyen Thi Kim , Tran Van Man , Le My Loan Phung
Published: January 2021

In this work, the layered structure LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (LiNMC) served as a host to enable sodium‐ion intercalation. LiNMC was initially charged in Li‐half‐cell at C/25 rate up to 4.5 V to extract maximum of Li+ ions and then discharged at the same rate in Na‐half‐cell down to 2 V for full sodiation to form NayNMC phase. The electrochemical characteristics of the new sodium phase NayNMC were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). On the CV curve, the featured peaks of phase transition induced by Na+ intercalation into NayNMC host could be distinguished from the couple peak located at 3.8 V upon the Li+ intercalation into LixNMC. The high uniformity and crystallinity of the NayNMC phase enable delivering a good initial capacity of about 120 mAh g−1 with high rate capability up to 5 C rate. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of sodium element in the sodiated NayNMC. It was also noticed that the pristine O3‐type layered structure remained unchanged after ion exchanging but the lattice parameters increased due to the large size of sodium‐ions inserted into the structure.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Spontaneously Occurred in a Patient with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Only by Imatinib: A Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Okubo-Sato Makiko , Yamagata Kenji , Fukuzawa Satoshi , Terada Kazuhiro , Uchida Fumihiko , Ishibashi-Kanno Naomi , Bukawa Hiroki
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) associated with molecular-targeted therapies such as bevacizumab and sunitinib has been constantly increasing in recent years. MRONJ frequently occurs after invasive dental procedures such as tooth extraction in patients currently or with a previous history of receiving antiresorptive agents including bisphosphonates and/or denosumab. Here, we report a rare case of spontaneously occurring MRONJ of the mandible in a 52-year-old Japanese woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who was administered imatinib for 9 years. She had never been treated with antiresorptive agents, and her MRONJ developed spontaneously. Although there have been few reports of MRONJ related to imatinib, our case reported here indicates that imatinib may be capable of causing spontaneous MRONJ.
Inhibition of MDM2 Promotes Antitumor Responses in p53 Wild-Type Cancer Cells through Their Interaction with the Immune and Stromal Microenvironment
Authors: Wang Hui Qin , Mulford Iain J. , Sharp Fiona , Liang Jinsheng , Kurtulus Sema , Trabucco Gina , Quinn David S. , Longmire Tyler A. , Patel Nidhi , Patil Roshani , Shirley Matthew D. , Chen Yan , Wang Hao , Ruddy David A. , Fabre Claire , Williams Juliet A. , Hammerman Peter S. , Mataraza Jennifer , Platzer Barbara , Halilovic Ensar
Published: January 2021

p53 is a transcription factor that plays a central role in guarding the genomic stability of cells through cell-cycle arrest or induction of apoptosis. However, the effects of p53 in antitumor immunity are poorly understood. To investigate the role of p53 in controlling tumor-immune cell cross-talk, we studied murine syngeneic models treated with HDM201, a potent and selective second-generation MDM2 inhibitor. In response to HDM201 treatment, the percentage of dendritic cells increased, including the CD103+ antigen cross-presenting subset. Furthermore, HDM201 increased the percentage of Tbet+Eomes+ CD8+ T cells and the CD8+/Treg ratio within the tumor. These immunophenotypic changes were eliminated with the knockout of p53 in tumor cells. Enhanced expression of CD80 on tumor cells was observed in vitro and in vivo, which coincided with T-cell–mediated tumor cell killing. Combining HDM201 with PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade increased the number of complete tumor regressions. Responding mice developed durable, antigen-specific memory T cells and rejected subsequent tumor implantation. Importantly, antitumor activity of HDM201 in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade was abrogated in p53-mutated and knockout syngeneic tumor models, indicating the effect of HDM201 on the tumor is required for triggering antitumor immunity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MDM2 inhibition triggers adaptive immunity, which is further enhanced by blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, thereby providing a rationale for combining MDM2 inhibitors and checkpoint blocking antibodies in patients with wild-type p53 tumors.

Significance:

This study provides a mechanistic rationale for combining checkpoint blockade immunotherapy with MDM2 inhibitors in patients with wild-type p53 tumors.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Reflects Tumor Grading and Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Surov Alexey , Pech Maciej , Omari Jazan , Fischbach Frank , Damm Robert , Fischbach Katharina , Powerski Maciej , Relja Borna , Wienke Andreas
Published: January 2021

Background: To date, there are inconsistent data about relationships between diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and tumor grading/microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our purpose was to systematize the reported results regarding the role of DWI in prediction of tumor grading/MVI in HCC. Method: MEDLINE library, Scopus, and Embase data bases were screened up to December 2019. Overall, 29 studies with 2,715 tumors were included into the analysis. There were 20 studies regarding DWI and tumor grading, 8 studies about DWI and MVI, and 1 study investigated DWI, tumor grading, and MVI in HCC. Results: In 21 studies (1,799 tumors), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (ADCmean) were used for distinguishing HCCs. ADCmean of G1–3 lesions overlapped significantly. In 4 studies (461 lesions), minimum ADC (ADCmin) was used. ADCmin values in G1/2 lesions were over 0.80 × 10−3 mm2/s and in G3 tumors below 0.80 × 10−3 mm2/s. In 4 studies (241 tumors), true diffusion (D) was reported. A significant overlapping of D values between G1, G2, and G3 groups was found. ADCmean and MVI were analyzed in 9 studies (1,059 HCCs). ADCmean values of MIV+/MVI− lesions overlapped significantly. ADCmin was used in 4 studies (672 lesions). ADCmin values of MVI+ tumors were in the area under 1.00 × 10−3 mm2/s. In 3 studies (227 tumors), D was used. Also, D values of MVI+ lesions were predominantly in the area under 1.00 × 10−3 mm2/s. Conclusion: ADCmin reflects tumor grading, and ADCmin and D predict MVI in HCC. Therefore, these DWI parameters should be estimated for every HCC lesion for pretreatment tumor stratification. ADCmean cannot predict tumor grading/MVI in HCC.
Effects of Movement-Based Mind-Body Interventions on Physical Fitness in Healthy Older Adults: A Meta-Analytical Review
Authors: Ebner Sophia A. , Meikis Lilly , Morat Mareike , Held Steffen , Morat Tobias , Donath Lars
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Declines in physical fitness can notably affect healthy aging of older adults. Multimodal exercise training regimen such as mind-body interventions (MBIs) has been reported to mitigate these aging-related declines of physical function. This meta-analytical review aimed at pooling the effects of MBIs on physical fitness indices compared to active control (AC) and inactive control (IC) conditions in healthy older adults. Methods: The literature search was conducted in 3 databases using search terms with Boolean conjunctions. Randomized controlled trials applying MBIs focusing on improving physical fitness parameters in healthy seniors over 65 years of age were screened for eligibility. Eligibility and study quality were assessed by 2 researchers using the PEDro scale. Standardized mean differences (SMD) adjusted for small sample sizes (Hedges’ g) served as main outcomes for the comparisons of MBIs versus IC and MBIs versus AC. Results: Thirty trials with 2,792 healthy community dwellers (mean age: 71.2 ± 4.7 years) were included. Large overall effects were found for strength (p < 0.001, SMD: 0.87 [90% CI: 0.43, 1.30], I2 = 94%), medium effects were observed for functional mobility (p = 0.009, SMD: 0.55 [90% CI: 0.20, 0.89], I2 = 83%), and small overall effects were found for static balance (p = 0.02, SMD: 0.35 [90% CI: 0.10, 0.60], I2 = 77%), endurance (p = 0.0001, SMD: 0.44 [90% CI: 0.25, 0.62], I2 = 0%), and flexibility (p = 0.003, SMD: 0.46 [90% CI: 0.21, 0.72], I2 = 54%) in favor of MBIs compared to IC. Small effects of strength slightly favoring AC (p = 0.08, SMD: −0.22 [90% CI: −0.43, −0.01], I2 = 52%) were found, whereas static balance moderately improved in favor of MBIs (p < 0.001, SMD: 0.46 [90% CI: 0.16, 0.76], I2 = 73%). Discussion/Conclusion: MBIs induce small to moderate effects in relevant domains of physical fitness in healthy older adults. Strength should be better targeted with traditional resistance training routines, whereas balance seems to sufficiently benefit from MBIs. However, large variability between the studies was observed due to differences in methodology, intervention content, and outcomes that affect conclusive evidence.
Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: West versus East
Authors: Debnath Prasanta , Rathi Pravin M.
Published: January 2021

Background: Vedolizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, which binds to α4β7 integrin on T lymphocytes, thus disturbing the interaction with mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 on the intestinal endothelial cells to interfere with lymphocyte trafficking to the gut. Summary: Vedolizumab is a safe and effective drug to induce and maintain clinical remission in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in both clinical trials and real-world data. Various guidelines recommend vedolizumab as a first- or second-line treatment regimen for steroid-dependent, steroid, or immunomodulator refractory cases of UC and CD; however, it is more effective in anti-TNF-naive patients. The first head-to-head trial (VARSITY trial) comparing the efficacy of vedolizumab to adalimumab has shown better clinical remission and mucosal healing with vedolizumab. Key Messages: In this review, we have discussed guidelines recommendation of vedolizumab use, as well as its safety data, use in special population, in presence of extraintestinal complications, therapeutic drug monitoring, data from Asian patients, along with other evolving concepts. Because of its excellent safety data and low immunogenicity, vedolizumab is an impressive option for patients with prior malignancy and less chance of reactivation of tuberculosis; however, cost remains an issue.
Clear-Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Gallbladder with Alpha-Fetoprotein Production: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dixit Nutan , Trivedi Shalini , Bansal Vikas Kumar
Published: January 2021

Gallbladder tumors are the fifth most common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract with poor prognosis and low survival. The most common type is adenocarcinoma of which the clear cell type is an unusual histologic variant with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gallbladder carcinoma, reported extremely rarely, which makes the index case an uncommon entity. AFP secretion by gallbladder carcinomas may occur given the similar embryological origin of liver and gallbladder. Herein we report a case of an incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 60-year-old woman with an elevated serum AFP concentration at presentation, who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis and was rendered the diagnosis of AFP-producing clear cell carcinoma of the gallbladder through histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Her postoperative laboratory tests showed a decline in AFP levels to normal respectively. The clinical and pathologic importance of AFP production by clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder (CCG) has thus far remained completely obscure. However, we must recognize the entity of this tumor because accurate and early diagnosis of CCG is imperative to avoid misdiagnosis as possible secondary metastasis and consequent delay in appropriate surgical intervention. Relevant medical history of a patient, various imaging studies, foci of classical adenocarcinoma within the tumor, and an efficient immunohistochemical panel can be informative and assist in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.
«Demasiada muerte innecesaria de jóvenes que no debieron haber muerto»: una conversación con José Manuel Valenzuela
Authors: Feixa Carles , Valenzuela José Manuel
Published: January 2021

(analítico): José Manuel Valenzuela Arce (Tecate, México, 1954) es doctor en sociología
e investigador del Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana, México). Escritor prolífico, ha destacado en el análisis de las expresiones culturales juveniles en la frontera norte de México, desde su primer y pionero libro sobre pachucos, cholos, punks y chavos banda (¡A la brava ése!, 1988), hasta su último libro sobre el juvenicidio (Trazos de sangre y fuego, 2019). La conversación repasa la trayectoria del autor, desde su infancia y juventud obrera en la capital de la frontera Norte, hasta su primera teorización del juvenicidio como muerte artera, pasando por su iniciación en la sociología, sus estudios sobre las culturas de frontera y su participación en las redes de investigación sobre juventud mexicanas e internacionales. El texto acaba con un epílogo con respuestas a distancia en torno a los efectos sobre las juventudes de la situación actual de pandemia.
Accountability para a razoabilidade nos litígios de saúde: uma proposta de controle procedimental
Authors: Tauk Caroline Somesom
Published: January 2021

O artigo examinou o critério procedimental baseado na accountability para a razoabilidade (accountability for reasonableness) como um método auxiliar ao controle jurisdicional nos litígios de saúde, sobretudo diante da criação da Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde. Estudou-se como o influxo do pragmatismo na atuação das cortes sugere um modelo judicial diverso para a concretização do direito à saúde, na tentativa de desjudicializar o debate e diminuir os riscos à equidade na distribuição dos recursos. Utilizaram-se dados empíricos colhidos por meio de revisão bibliográfica para análise da atuação concreta da Comissão. Concluiu-se que o maior controle jurisdicional do procedimento de tomada de decisão do administrador acerca da inclusão de medicamento nas listas públicas pode ser uma postura judicial pragmática tendente a produzir melhores resultados, ao exigir que a administração pública preste contas de sua atuação e demonstre as razões das decisões alocativas na assistência farmacêutica, bem como ao estimular a participação social no procedimento.
A saúde e a iniciativa privada na Constituição Federal de 1988: princípios jurídicos
Authors: Bodra Maria Eugênia Ferraz do Amaral , Dallari Sueli Gandolfi
Published: January 2021

Este estudo partiu da seguinte pergunta: a Constituição Federal de 1988 aponta os princípios constitucionais que devem nortear a atividade privada na área de saúde no país ou há uma lacuna sobre o tema? Para responder à pergunta, foi realizada pesquisa descritiva sobre os artigos de 196 a 200 da Constituição de 1988 em duas etapas. A metodologia empregada na primeira etapa foi o levantamento documental a partir do texto da ata da Subcomissão de Saúde da Assembleia Constituinte, seguida de reflexão fundamentada no referencial teórico de Martin Loughlin. A segunda etapa foi de natureza jurídico-doutrinária, com a busca e a seleção de artigos científicos nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science e IUSData, da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo, bem como artigos, dissertações e teses no Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da USP (Dedalus) e material da Revista de Direito Sanitário. Concluiu-se que a regulação do Estado sobre a iniciativa privada (fiscalização, regulamentação e controle dos serviços privados) é norteada pelas finalidades gerais da saúde, em diálogo constante com as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde, no sentido de contribuir e jamais prejudicar a implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde. Portanto, não há lacunas na Constituição Federal. O setor privado está inserido na lógica constitucional do Direito Sanitário, novo ramo do direito que surge com a Constituição Federal de 1988.
Um olhar crítico à descentralização de serviços públicos de saúde em atenção hospitalar
Authors: Pereira Fabrícia Helena Linhares Coelho da Silva
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho objetiva identificar o panorama de contratação do setor privado sem fins lucrativos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde para realização de serviços de saúde de média e alta complexidade em atenção hospitalar, e a relação desse panorama com a diretriz de descentralização do sistema, que deve garantir atendimentos dos grandes centros urbanos às zonas onde os serviços públicos são mais escassos. Questiona-se se a contratação expandida de serviços hospitalares privados representa um afastamento das direções nacional e estadual da execução dos serviços de saúde a partir da municipalização generalizada. A metodologia de pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva, com base bibliográfica na literatura dos direitos Sanitário e Administrativo. A partir da análise dos gastos públicos com serviços hospitalares,nos últimos cinco anos, identifica-se que as entidades sem fins lucrativos tiveram mais investimento em produção hospitalar do que as esferas da administração pública direta e indireta de todos os entes. A título de contribuição para a busca de soluções para o problema, conclui-se que a menor participação da gestão nacional do  SUS na prestação de serviços de saúde acarreta maior compra de serviços da iniciativa privada pelos entes, descumprindo a determinação constitucional de complementariedade da participação do setor privado no SUS. Ademais, a prestação de serviços hospitalares nesses moldes promove a falta de equilíbrio na alocação de leitos hospitalares, comprometendo a igualdade de condições no acesso às ações e aos serviços de saúde, objetivo da descentralização, e o adequado funcionamento do sistema.
Princípio constitucional da eficiência e as políticas públicas de monitoramento do Aedes aegypti do Ministério da Saúde: desestímulo à busca de soluções mais eficazes
Authors: Araújo Hellen Nicácio de , Bussinguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar se a opção do Ministério da Saúde de manter o monitoramento do mosquito Aedes aegypti por meio praticamente exclusivo da pesquisa larvária, condicionando o repasse de recursos financeiros aos municípios ao cumprimento de metas relativas a esse acompanhamento, atende aos critérios de economicidade e de satisfação do interesse público, componentes do princípio constitucional da eficiência. Para tanto, após uma acurada revisão de literatura, analisamos a divisão de atribuições entre os entes federados no que diz respeito à vigilância ambiental, o sistema de metas do Ministério da Saúde e sua influência no repasse de verbas públicas. Examinamos as formas de monitoramento, comparando a pesquisa larvária com a utilização de armadilhas para fins de levantamento entomológico, problematizando o padrão estabelecido pelo Ministério da Saúde em termos de relação custo-benefício, bem como a utilização do sistema de metas como forma de centralização de poder. Concluímos que a imposição, pelo Ministério da Saúde, da realização de monitoramento do Aedes aegypti por meio da pesquisa larvária não atende aos critérios de economicidade nem de satisfação do interesse público, violando, portanto, o princípio constitucional da eficiência.
Star Grass Lily Iphigenia stellata Blatter (Colchicaceae) – a new addition to the flora of Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel Mitesh B.
Published: January 2021

An occurrence of Iphigenia stellata Blatter (Colchicaceae) is reported here as a floral addition to the state of Gujarat, India.  A detailed description of the plant with coloured photographs and other relevant information have been provided.