bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ռուսաստանցի միգրանտների համար մրցակցություն. արդյո՞ք Հայաստանը մրցունակ է / Competition for Russian Migrants: Is Armenia Competitive?
Authors: TOROSYAN Alik
Published: May 2023

The Russian-Ukrainian war brought with it many
negative humanitarian and economic consequences. If
the humanitarian disaster is currently happening only
in Ukraine, the economic consequences have affected
almost every country in the world. The Russian economy
is suffering many heavy blows under the influence
of Western sanctions, and one of its most obvious
consequences is the unprecedented growth of migration
from Russia. This has become a source of competition for
migrant-receiving countries. Armenia is one of the main
countries receiving Russian migrants, and therefore
also one of the main participants in the competition for
migrants.
Ուսուցիչների պակասը Հայաստանում. աճող մարտահրավեր / Teacher Shortage in Armenia: The Growing Challenge
Authors: MOVSISYAN Shushan
Published: May 2023

Teacher shortage is an issue in many countries of
the world, including developed economies. Armenia
also faces teaching staff shortage, which is mainly manifested in the form of a shortage of teachers in small
rural areas, in specific subjects, as well as in an aging
staff.
The paper aims at studying the factors that make
the profession of teacher non-attractive. In Armenia,
the main reasons for leaving teaching are relatively low
salary, lack of opportunities for professional growth, requirements of accountability, high workload.
Հին և նոր մասնագիտություններ. ի՞նչ է սպասվում ապագայում / Old and New Professions: What does the Future Hold?
Authors: BARSEGHYAN Araksya
Published: May 2023

Throughout history industrial revolutions have led to the obsolescence of certain professions
while creating new ones. This has become a serious challenge for a number of stakeholders, including
those with already obsolete or endangered professions, learners of the final classes in the stage of
professional orientation, and those responsible for the education sector. Therefore, this paper presents
professions that disappeared during the industrial revolutions, professions that are at risk of
extinction, the most in-demand professions, and the expected change in the job markets in the future.
Electronic correlation effects on stabilizing a perfect Kagome lattice and ferromagnetic fluctuation in LaRu3Si2
Authors: Wang Yilin ,   School of Emerging Technology，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China
Published: May 2023

A perfect Kagome lattice features flat bands that usually lead to strong electronic correlation effects, but how electronic correlation, in turn, stabilizes a perfect Kagome lattice has rarely been explored. Here, we study this effect in a superconducting (\begin{document}$T_{\rm{c}} \sim 7.8$\end{document} K) Kagome metal LaRu3Si2 with a distorted Kagome plane consisting of pure Ru ions, using density functional theory plus \begin{document}$ U $\end{document} and plus dynamical mean-field theory. We find that increasing electronic correlation can stabilize a perfect Kagome lattice and induce substantial ferromagnetic fluctuations in LaRu3Si2. By comparing the calculated magnetic susceptibilities to experimental data, LaRu3Si2 is found to be on the verge of becoming a perfect Kagome lattice. It thus shows moderate but non-negligible electronic correlations and ferromagnetic fluctuations, which are crucial to understand the experimentally observed non-Fermi-liquid behavior and the pretty high superconducting \begin{document}$T_{\rm{c}}$\end{document} of LaRu3Si2.
Course and branching of the ascending aorta in a large gray goose (Anser griseo magna)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, Glushonok Sofia , Vasiliev Dmitry ,   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, Bylinskaya Daria ,   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Published: May 2023

Large gray goose (Anser griseo magna) – a common agricultural bird, this breed belongs to the meat-sucking group. This breed of geese is distinguished by a strong broad body, the muscles on their chest protrude strongly, the neck is of medium length with a small but very strong head, there is a strongly developed fat fold on the abdomen, the wings are very powerful, dense and massive. The feather of a large gray goose, on the upper part of the body has a gray color and white on the bottom. This breed is famous for its rapid growth and weight gain, when fed only with vegetable feeds, which greatly reduces the cost of feeding. The weight of this bird can reach 7-7.5 kg, literally in 5 months. These characteristics indicate that this bird has highly developed muscle and adipose tissue, for the growth and development of which a stable and proper blood supply is necessary, which is carried out by arterial vessels. Thanks to vascularization, all cells of tissues and organs receive the necessary substances for growth and development. Knowing this fact, we estab- lished the patterns of the course and branching of the ascending aorta in a large gray goose, and determined the morphometric parameters of the main arterial vessels of this collector. It was found that paired brachiocephalic arteries are not symmetrical, their diameter var- ies. The left brachiocephalic artery has a diameter 1.18 times larger than the right one. An interesting fact was that, at the level from the sixth to the third cervical vertebrae, the right and left common carotid arteries merge into one common trunk, and then again diverge into independent arteries. All other vessels have a fairly wide lumen and are well developed. Keywords: goose, large gray goose, aorta, ascending aorta, vascularization.
Expression of nucleus organizers in tumor cells of mammary glands in cats
Authors:   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Mitenko Vasilisa , Galustyan Dmitry
Published: May 2023

Many multifunctional proteins in the nucleus organizer region perform basic processes in the cell related to ribosome biogenesis. However, they can be expressed in vari- ous pathological processes, especially on the surface of most cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the expression of nucleolin/NCL, nucleophosmin/NPM1, and fibrillarin/FBL proteins in mammary tumor cells in cats (n=18). The review presents the results of immunohistochemical study (IHC), which revealed the localization of these bio- markers – nucleolar, nuclear and cytoplasmic. The studied proteins, when overexpressed, contribute to the disruption of chromatin stability and organization, which entails transfor- mation of cells into a malignant species
Águas no Semiárido Brasileiro: do açude à transposição.
Authors:   , Miguel Vieira da Silva Maicon
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho avalia a trajetória das políticas públicas de segurança hídrica implantadas no Semiárido tendo como foco a construção de açudes, sua eficácia e ineficiências, considerando que a açudagem ocupou a centralidade na política de combate à seca visando à acumulação de grandes volumes de água para resolver a problemática causada pelo o déficit hídrico na região Semiárida. Avaliou-se também como a Transposição do São Francisco dialoga com a açudagem no processo de reprodução da política de combate à seca uma vez que a mesma historicamente esteve cooptada pelas oligarquias políticas. Buscou-se também pela óptica dos ribeirinhos identificar os impactos socioambientais causados em comunidades tradicionais pela obra de transposição do São Francisco. A metodologia foi dividida em do momentos: A Revisão Bibliográfica sobre a temática e um estudo de percepção com os ribeirinhos. Para tanto fez-se o uso de questionários semi-estruturados. Participaram das entrevistas 30 moradores da Vila Produtiva Rural Lafayete e 14 da comunidade tradicional Pau D’arco, ambas localizadas no município de Monteiro-Paraíba. Percebeu-se que a política de combate à seca se apresenta de maneira fracassada pelo fato de que, após mais de um século de sua implantação pouco avançou na oferta hídrica para as famílias do Semiárido, tendo em vista que a mesma priorizou a concentração de água em grandes obras, o que inviabilizou o acesso descentralizado da água pelas famílias. Alimentando essa lógica, a transposição do São Francisco também tem impossibilitado o acesso à água para as famílias que se encontram às margens do canal da transposição, para além de deixar um rastro de impactos sociais na medida em que promovem o reordenamento social das famílias e comprometem os sistemas agrícolas e fontes de água antes existentes, como também impactos ambientais que levam ao assoreamento do rio Paraíba, próximo a sua nascente, tudo isso aliado ao fato de não oferecer uma segurança hídrica para as comunidades que foram diretamente impactadas. Em conclusão, percebe-se que é preciso adotar uma política de convivência com o Semiárido construída ao longo dos anos pelas famílias camponesas que aprenderam a conviver com o clima, que prezam pela sustentabilidade, preservação do meio ambiente e dos recursos naturais, ao tempo que defendem a permanência nos seus territórios, aliado ao uso e gestão dos recursos hídricos, bem como com os princípios da Agroecologia.
Adubação orgânica com esterco bovino na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) no Cariri Paraibano.
Authors:   , Felipe Almeida Inô Claudiney
Published: May 2023

A cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) pertence à família Poaceae, é considerado um cereal com alta produtividade e consumo em todo o mundo. Sua importância econômica é caracterizada pelas diversas formas de utilização, sua grande capacidade de adaptação, faz com que seja a cultura mais disseminada de todas em nosso país. O uso de adubos orgânicos proporciona bons resultados produtivos e benefícios para o solo. Objetivou-­se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultivar de milho FEROZ VIPTERA 3 em função da adubação orgânica com esterco bovino no município de Sumé, Cariri paraibano. O experimento foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2019, na Área Experimental pertencente ao LAFISA, do CDSA/UFCG, Campus de Sumé – PB. Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizado (DBC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as diferentes concentrações de adubação orgânica, utilizando esterco bovino no experimento: dose 0 kg/m2 (T1); 1,6 kg/m2 (T2); 3,2 kg/m2 (T3); 4,8 kg/m2 (T4); 6,4 kg/m2, distribuídos na cultura do milho. As variáveis estudadas foram, altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, número de folhas e área foliar verificou-se que não houve diferenciação estatística entre os resultados quando submetidas às diferentes doses de esterco bovino. Constatou-se ainda que as diferentes doses de esterco não influenciaram no número de espigas/plantas e nem na quantidade de pendões/plantas analisadas. No entanto, verificou- se que nos diferentes períodos de avaliação do número de espigas/plantas, houve diferença estatística entre a primeira, segunda e quarta período avaliado. Observou-se ainda que nos diferentes períodos de avaliação não influenciaram significativa no número de pendões/planta, obtendo média de 18,83 nos quatros períodos avaliados. Verificou­-se que as diferentes doses de esterco bovino influenciaram na produtividade do milho, quando se aumenta a dose de esterco bovino, houve o aumento de sua produtividade. Destaque para dose 20 que obteve a menor produtividade 6,8 ton/ha­1 e para dose 50 que teve a produtividade máxima 9,9 ton/ha­1. Tendo assim, 45% de diferença percentual entre a produtividade mínima e a maior, aplicando à menor e a maior dose de esterco. Conclui-­se que não houve influência da adubação orgânica com esterco bovino nas doses 10 ton/ha­1; 20 ton/ha­; 30 ton/ha­1; 40 ton/ha­1 e 50 ton/ha­1, para as variáveis altura de planta; diâmetro de caule; número de folhas; área foliar; número de espiga; número de pendões. No entanto, constatou-­se o aumento da produtividade do milho cultivar FEROZ VIPTERA 3, quando aplicado a dose 50 ton/ha­1.
Períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão-macassar (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.).
Authors:   , Gabriele Muniz da Silva Karla
Published: May 2023

A cultura do feijão é cultivada, em sua maior parte, pela agricultura familiar, produzida por todos os tipos de produtores com diferentes níveis tecnológicos em todas as regiões do país. Entretanto, não suporta a interferência de plantas daninhas, principalmente devido a competição por luz, nutrientes e água. Objetivou-se avaliar a convivência das plantas daninhas na produção do feijão macassar (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) e analisar quais as interferências nas fases vegetativa e reprodutiva. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Município de Monteiro (PB), no Sítio Olho D´guinha na fazenda São José. Para as avaliações na fase vegetativa foram selecionadas e marcadas 10 plantas em cada tratamento, para a coleta das seguintes variáveis: altura da planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar da planta. Nas avaliações da fase reprodutiva, foram selecionadas e marcadas 10 plantas dentro da área útil de cada parcela. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: comprimento de vagens, número de vagens e de flores, peso das sementes e produtividade. Para as variáveis da fase vegetativa, verificou-se que aos 49 dias os valores encontrados foram superiores aos períodos que antecederam, havendo diferença significativa entre todos os tratamentos e variáveis analisadas, destacando-se o tratamento T2 (21 dias de convivência com plantas daninhas) que apresentou os menores valores para: altura de plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro de caule e área foliar. Em relação a fase reprodutiva, observou-se que não houve diferença entre o número de flores aos 56 dias. O menor valor do comprimento de vagem foi identificado no tratamento T9 (70 dias de convivência com plantas daninhas) aos 70 dias, quando comparados aos períodos que permaneceram até 14 dias (T0 e T1). Para as variáveis número de sementes por vagem e produtividade, o tratamento T0 (7 dias de convivência com plantas daninhas) apresentou os melhores resultados. Assim, concluiu-se que quanto maior o tempo de convivência entre plantas daninhas e a cultura do feijão, maior será a interferência nas características de crescimento e produção.
Low protein intake in postpartum women is associated with higher risk of gallbladder stasis and gallstone
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Dutta Usha
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim: Gallstones (GS) are traditionally associated with fat fertile forty females. However, in India, GS are often found in young malnourished multiparous women. We conducted this study to determine the influence of nutritional inadequacy on prevalence of gallbladder (GB) stasis and GS among postpartum women.
Experiments with Machine Learning in Fluids Applications
Authors: Iaccarino Gianluca
Published: May 2023

Applications of machine learning techniques to physics applications are gaining popularity by providing solution process acceleration, super-resolution, equation discovery, data compression, etc. Different flavors of data driven techniques have been proposed in the literature, in the first part of this talk, I will focus on hybrid approaches in which an existing grid-based numerical technique for solving fluid governing equations is augmented with a neural network correction. It is unclear if these approaches provide improvements over the baseline numerical solver by approximating local subgrid-scale dynamics, by incorporating long-range spatial/temporal correlations or by introducing high-order-like solution reconstructions. Furthermore, it is unclear how different aspects of the training pipeline affect the quality of the neural correction and its generalizability. We investigate the issues above in turbulent channel flow and thermal convection problems. In the second part of the talk, I will focus on the use of convolutional autoencoders to study aerodynamic stall and focus on extreme latent space compression to extract physical insights. We show how physics imprinting (the correlation between latent variable and physical quantities) naturally emerges and is affected by the training database.
An association of psychosocial characteristics and severity of ulcers in adolescents with chronic peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi Phuong , Mai Nguyen Thi Thanh , Phuong Do Thi Minh
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the study was to analyze various psychosocial characteristics and to examine their association with the severity of ulcers in adolescents with chronic peptic ulcer. A cross-sectional descriptive study, using interview questionnaires and psychological tests was conducted in 214 adolescents diagnosed with chronic peptic ulcer at 03 central hospitals in Hanoi. The results showed that adolescents with peptic ulcer often had neurotic personality traits (83.1%), had a habit of staying up late after 12 pm (21%), irregular eating (48.1%), and smoked e-cigarettes (18.2%). The majority of the study subjects had psychological trauma (92.1%). The rate of adolescents with peptic ulcer disease suffering from stress, anxiety and depression accounted for 63.6%, 47.2% and 52.8% respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that factors including age, s gender, family with separated/divorced parents, conflict with parents, combination of many psychological traumas, sleeping late after 11 pm, irregular eating are factors that increase the risk of peptic ulcer.
Survival outcomes of hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma using LigaSure and Kelly forceps for parenchymal excision combined Glissonean pedicle approach: A retrospective single-centre study
Authors: Son Tran Que , Hung Tran Manh , Hoc Tran Hieu , Truong Trieu Van , Thang Nguyen Toan , Tuyen Pham Van , Thanh Nguyen Tuan , Dinh Ngo Quang , Hue Bui Thị Minh , Minh Nguyen Van , Kien Cu Trung , Kien Nguyen Trung , Minh Do Duc , Nha Vu Thi , Viet Do Quoc
Published: May 2023

Standard procedures in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include selective pedicle control and anatomical liver resection. We provide our experience using LigaSureTM and Kelly forceps for parenchymal excision combined with the Glissonian pedicle approach for HCC patients. Sixty-seven patients underwent hepatectomy between June 1st 2016 and May 30th 2020. Prospectively gathered data on surgical outcomes and long-term survival results are given. Minor liver resections comprise 85% of all surgical procedures. The median operative time was 132.1 minutes (range, 102 to 195 mins), and the median intraoperative estimated blood loss was 210 ± 158 (range, 150 – 750) mL. The rate of morbidity was 17.9%, including pleural effusion (13,4%), biliary fistula (0%), liver failure (1.5%), and intra-abdominal bleeding (1.5%). The mean overall survival time by Kaplan – Meier method is 33 ± 0.6 months. The rate of overall survival after 1, 2, and 3 years was 95.5%, 84.5% and 79.4%, respectively. The mean disease-free survival (DFS) time was 25.9 ± 2.1 (months). The recurrence rates after 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months were 9.6%, 12.4%, 30.5%, and 42.6%, respectively. Conclusion: In a nation with minimal assets, the Glissonian pedicle approach with the Ligasure and Kelly forceps is a safe and successful method for performing hepatectomy. It permits an anatomical excision with minor morbidity when operated by experienced surgeons.
Falciform ligament herniation treated with combined trans-peritoneal laparoscopic dissection and abdominal wall repair by hand-interrupted suture: A case series report and review of literature
Authors: Son Tran Que , Hung Tran Manh , Hoc Tran Hieu , Truong Trieu Van , Kien Nguyen Trung , Thanh Nguyen Tuan , Minh Do Duc , Thanh Nguyen Tien , Anh Ha Duc , Nha Vu Thi , Phuong Nguyen Thi Mai , Tuyen Phung Van , Viet Do Quoc
Published: May 2023

Falciform ligament hernia is a very rare internal hernia and is difficult to diagnose before surgery. Most reported cases are incisional hernias secondary to prior abdominal surgery. We report three cases of primary falciform ligament herniation into the epigastric region that was repaired by the intra-peritoneal laparoscopic approach combined with an extra-abdominal small skin incision. All laparoscopic procedures were performed without conversion to laparotomy, and all specimens were histopathologically diagnosed as lipomas. Three patients successfully recovered and were discharged on surgical days 2, 2, and 5, respectively. There were no complicationor recurrence during the 12-month follow-up. This technique is safe and feasible for repairing midline abdominal wall herniation. If the hernia orifice is less than 2cm in diameter, the abdominal wall defect may be improved by this procedure using Safil 1.0 or Vicryl 1.0 suture without mesh.
Identification of a mutation in a Vietnamese family with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease using whole exome sequencing
Authors: Anh Nguyen Tho , Huong Tran Thị Thu , Tung Do Dinh , Hai Nong Van , Duong Nguyen Thuy
Published: May 2023

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a form of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in which cysts develop within the kidneys, causing the kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time. ADPKD is caused by mutations in two major genes: PKD1 and PKD2. By whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified a heterozygous missense PKD1 variant (NM_001009944: c.10529C>T, p.T3510M) in a proband from a 2-generation Vietnamese family, in which the proband presented a bilateral renal enlargement and multiple bilateral renal cysts. The segregation of this known mutation was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The proband and his affected mother were carriers for the mutation, while his father and his sister were wild types. The findings of this study enable doctors to comprehend the underlying genetic cause of polycystic kidney disease and elect appropriate treatment for the patients.
The effects of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams on doxorubicin-induced skin ulcer in rats
Authors: Anh Pham Thi Van , Huy Vu Quang , Loan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Trang Tran Thuy , Giang Nguyen Kim , Nga Nguyen Thi Quynh , Tung Tran Thanh
Published: May 2023

The present study evaluated the effects of topical administration of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams on doxorubicin-induced skin ulcer, and their systemic toxicity in ulcerated rats. The skin lesions were induced by a single intradermal injection of 0.2ml doxorubicin 1 mg/0.5ml on the dorsal region. The ulcerated areas were covered topically with dimethyl sulfoxide, KEM CON ONG, or KEM TRI BONG twice a day for 28 days. The results indicated that KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG significantly reduced the ulcer size, increased the hydroxyproline content in animals’ skin tissues, and improved the histopathological structure of skin tissues. No significant difference in the healing effect was observed between KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG-treated ulcerated rats. Besides, our study demonstrated that topical administration of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams caused no significant change in the general status, hematological parameters, renal and hepatic functions. Additionally, they did not alter the histology of the liver and kidney in animals. In conclusion, the topical application of KEM CON ONG and KEM TRI BONG creams exerted healing effects on the ulcerated skin and did not cause systemic toxicity in a rat model.
Pseudohyperkalemia due to pneumatic transport in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients: Report of two cases
Authors: Mai Tran Thi Chi , Lan Bui Ngoc , Uyen Vu Thi Tu
Published: May 2023

Pseudohyperkalemia occurs occasionally in leukemic patients with excessively elevated white blood cells. Early diagnosis of pseudohyperkalemia is crucial for proper treatment. Increased white blood cell fragility coupled with mechanical trauma may be the causal mechanism. We describe two cases of pseudohyperkalemia caused by mechanical disruption of white blood cells due to pneumatic tube transport of the specimens. In case when the white blood cell is extraordinarily elevated, specimen should be delivered in person instead of using pneumatic tube transport and specimen should be analyzed as soon as possible. Whole blood potassium analysis by blood gas analyzer is more reliable to confirm or rule out pseudohyperkalemia.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire into Vietnamese language
Authors: Le Nguyen Ngoc Quynh , Huong Nguyen Thi Thanh , Trang Le Huyen , Huong Nguyen Mai , Lien Luong Thi , Hau Trinh Thi , Cong Mai Thanh , Mai Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: May 2023

Objective: The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) has shown to be a valuable screening tool with good sensitivity and specificity for obstructive sleep apnea among children. Our aim was to cross-culturally translate and adapt the PSQ into Vietnamese language for clinical and research using. Methods: The Vietnamese version of the SRBD-PSQ was translated by the University of Michigan, which reserves the copyrights. The adapted questionnaire was applied to parents of 60 children aged 6 - 14 years. The reliability of the translated questionnaire was measured by Cronbach α, Pearson correlation and Kappa statistics. Results: Vietnamese PSQ has shown high internal consistency by Cronbach’s α (0.781 for the total test, 0.745 for subscale “snoring”, 0.682 for “sleepiness”, 0.763 for “behaviour”). Test-retest reliability for all items presented a good correlation, with the Kappa statistic ranged between 0.498 and 0.832. Conclusion: The Vietnamese version of PSQ has sufficient reliability and validity to measure obstructive sleep apnea outcome and showed to be linguistically accurate and acceptable for use among Vietnamese children.
La salud a la manera de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: una exploración de la jurisprudencia, hasta 2021, a propósito del artículo 26 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos
Authors: Cárdenas-Contreras Luz Eliyer
Published: May 2023

La justiciabilidad de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales ha sido un tema de interés no solo para el derecho interno, sino también, recientemente, para la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. En el texto se presentan los casos contenciosos en los que este Tribunal ha abordado el derecho a la salud en virtud del artículo 26 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. Los casos han sido seleccionados a partir de una metodología exploratoria y presentados bajo un estudio correlacional en el que se muestra la judicialización del derecho a la salud en la Corte Interamericana como derecho autónomo a partir del descubrimiento de los razonamientos de competencia de dicha Corte, los estándares en torno al derecho a la salud y el abordaje de la progresividad en los casos en estudio. Finalmente, se concluye que la Corte ha extendido su competencia a fin de hacer justiciable el derecho a la salud y, producto de aquello, lo ha dotado de contenido a partir de estándares de derecho concebidos bajo el entendimiento de que existen obligaciones de cumplimiento inmediato y otras de carácter progresivo.
Un abordaje de los derechos a partir de la noción de bienes humanos básicos de John Finnis
Authors: Tejeda Erman
Published: May 2023

Los derechos son un fenómeno en disputa cuya comprensión se encuentra oscurecida en los discursos jurídicos y políticos. Así, es común apelar a ellos sin considerar cuáles son sus elementos constitutivos, los fines que persiguen y su relación con el bien común. En este sentido, se abordarán dichos interrogantes recurriendo a la noción de derechos que se desprende de la teoría de los bienes humanos básicos de John Finnis. Se resaltará la importancia de concebir una noción de los derechos objetiva, realista y sólida, que no dependa exclusivamente de la voluntad de legisladores o jueces. De este modo, se abordará el problema de la abstracción que afecta a los derechos; los elementos que los constituyen; la relación que existe entre derechos, bienes humanos básicos y bien común; y, en último lugar, cómo esta imbricación limita la voluntad de los agentes jurídicos y políticos. Se arribará a la conclusión de que las nociones de bienes humanos fundamentales y de bien común son presupuestos imprescindibles para concebir una noción respetuosa de los derechos.
Prediction of high-power hearing aid for audiology patients using data mining techniques
Authors: Kurnaz Sefer , H. Resen Hashim , Aljabery Maalim
Published: May 2023

Our research examined two of unsupervised Data Mining algorithms for both comparison and prediction to predict the High-Power Hearing Aid for audiology patients who suffer from hearing impairment. These Data Mining techniques are Manifold Learning and Multidimensional Scaling. Both algorithms define specific rules to choose the linear projection of the data. These methods can be effective, but sometimes miss the structure of non-linear data. Our research deals with new specific data set which collects and analyses depends on Audiology information and Patient's diagnosis. Note that the data set selected must be subject to accurate data analysis with pre-processing of data. It should be applicable and authoritative because these factors are very important to obtain the highest degree of prediction possible, as long, some data types are not appropriate for decision tree or some methods of classification. The data set we created consists of seventy-two fields distributed on seventy-one fields for data details and one further for class. All data set fields are categorical, and it contains some of missing values. The fact that our data was subjected to a very accurate analysis (before cleaning) based on the correct medical diagnosis and comprehensive information of the most important points that directly affect the selection of appropriate hearing aid for audiology patient, and via applying data mining techniques, we obtained a prediction of 100% for hearing aid selection, and 98% to determine which power type of hearing aid that those patients should use. To reach our goal, we examined Data Mining techniques utilizing Python for coding and modelling.
Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 2 Genetic Diversity and Multiplicity of Infection in Asymptomatic Malaria Cases in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Agomo C. O. , Chijioke L. O. , Ajibaye O.
Published: May 2023

Background: The burden of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is high in Nigeria. Continuous surveillance of the genetic diversity of malaria parasites can provide important information on transmission intensity in an area. Objective: This study investigated the genetic diversity in the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) gene of P. falciparum in in asymptomatc malaria cases. Methods: A total of 59 P. falciparum-positive DNA samples collected from asymptomatic cases in Igbogbo-Bayekun, Lagos, were analyzed targeting block 3 of msp2 gene. Primers were specific for the two allelic families of msp2 block 3 (FC27 and 3D7). Results: Overall, the frequencies of 3D7 and FC27 alleles were 71.2% (42/59) and 67.8% (40/59) respectively. Twenty-three (39%) of the samples had polyinfections (3D7+FC27), while monoinfections with 3D7 and FC27 were observed in 19 (32%) and 17 (29%) samples respectively. Similar frequencies of 3D7 19/25(76%) and FC27 18/25(72%) were observed in samples with submicroscopic parasitaemia. Twenty-seven distinct msp2 genotypes were identified: 14 3D7 (range 175–480 bp) and 13 FC27 (range 125–500bp). Overall, there were more monoclonal infections 35(59.3%) than polyclonal infections 24 (40.7%). The overall mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 1.44 while the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.51. The means of MOI were similar when compared on the basis of malaria status (microscopic or submicroscopic parasitemia) (P=0.166), gender (P=0.057) or age (P=0.866). Also, there was no association between polyclonal infection and submicroscopic parasitaemia (P=0.129). Conclusion: The genetic diversity of falciparum infections in the study area is high while moderate multiplicity of infection was observed. The genetic diversity and MOI of msp2 gene were similar in submicroscopic and microscopic malaria parasitaemia.
Comparative Assessment of the Acid-Neutralizing Capacity, Price and selected Physical Properties of different Antacids Suspensions available in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria., Aghayere G.E. , Okeri H.A. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria., Abanum H.O. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2023

Background: Patients are often faced with the challenge of choosing an antacids suspension that will provide effective and prompt relief from excessive gastric acid secretion. Objective: The aim was to evaluate acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), price and selected physical properties of twenty (20) brands of antacids suspensions from pharmacies in Benin metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: United States Pharmacopeia assay method was used to determine the ANC. Visual inspection, pH, relative density and flow times were determined using standard methods. Results: The ANC of all the brands of antacids suspensions was above the US FDA requirement for effective antacids (≥5 mEq per dose). Brand E had the highest ANC of 27.15 mEq/ 10 mL while brand C had the lowest at 11.60 mEq/ 10 mL. All the antacids suspensions had pH range between 7.30 and 8.76. The flow time was found to be highest with sample N (70.11 ± 0.35) min and lowest with sample A (0.27 ± 0.01) min. The relative density was highest with sample N (1.28 ± 0.02) and lowest with sample B (1.03 ± 0.00). There was no significant difference in ANC values between imported and locally manufactured antacids suspensions. However, there was significant difference in their prices. Conclusion: Rapid and effective acid-neutralizing capacity of antacids is achieved with antacids suspensions containing at least two active pharmaceutical ingredients. Most of the antacids contain aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. When medication is needed for symptomatic relief from acid reflux disorders, antacids containing these active ingredients will be effective.
Novel Antimalarial Drug Targets as Potent Tools to Accelerate Drug Discovery: A Short Review
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, Eze S.C. , Isioma M. ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, Ugorji C.C. ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, Ozota G.O. ,   Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Malaria is a significant tropical disease and the greatest killer of all time. The molecular pathways of known antimalarial drugs have been extensively elucidated. However, the emergence of resistant plasmodium species, especially that of P. falciparum, further threatens the prospects of its eradication. The advancement in proteomics and genomics has taken us a step further. Mere serendipity and pharmacology-based approaches can no longer take the lead in drug discovery. Newer and better antimalarial drug targets need to be sought. Objectives: This study presents the need and problems in identifying and validating novel antimalarial drug targets to accelerate drug discovery. Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. An exploratory search for traditional antimalarial drug targets and their shortcomings were reviewed, and the problems in identifying and validating novel drug targets. Possible solutions were proposed. Body: Emerging resistance and advances in proteomics drive the need for newer targets. Significant problems include the lack of crystal structure of some targets and determining the essentiality of genes and their cognate proteins. The in-silico approach using phylogenetic comparison can quickly determine the essentiality of genes, and Protein Interference Assay (PIA) is potent in validating newer targets. Conclusion: Identifying and validating novel antimalarial drug targets will effectively drive the search for and discovery of newer drugs.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceived Barriers to Accessing Immunization: A case study of Kano Metropolis, Northwest Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, Wada A.S. , Idris U.I. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, Borodo S.B. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, Julde S.M. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, Mohammed M. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Background: Immunization and vaccination are essential public health interventions constituting a cost-effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality. Despite successes recorded with such interventions, Vaccines preventable diseases (VPD) remain the most common causes of childhood mortality globally. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and barriers to accessing vaccination in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire across selected households in six local governments of the Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The survey collected relevant data from the participants, including socio-demographic data, knowledge, attitudes and barriers to accessing vaccination. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 290 respondents participated in this study. The majority of the respondents were females 181 (62.4 %), married 244 (84.1 %), and had a tertiary education of 187 (64.5 %). Most respondents, 275 (94.8 %), reported knowing about immunization and were given as the national guidelines recommended. More so, 142 (49.0 %) disagreed that immunization does not provide benefits, while 120 (41.4 %) of the respondents reported that despite their agreement with immunization, their spouses do not agree. About 142 (49.0 %) reported religion or culture as barriers. The parents’ socio-demographics were found to be positively associated with the knowledge and practice score toward immunization. Conclusion: There was relatively adequate knowledge and good practice of immunization among the study population. The barriers identified include religion/culture, perceived side effects of the vaccines, financial and busy schedules hindering parents from taking children for immunization.
Comparative Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Some Brands of Multivitamin Capsules in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors:   National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Benin Regional Office, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Itua E.O. , Eraga S.O. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Arhewoh M.I. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Background: Multivitamins are generally considered safe medicines but little attention have been paid to assessing the quality and label claims of their dosage forms. Objectives: The study investigated the pharmaceutical quality of some multivitamin capsules available in Edo State, Nigeria. Method: Fifteen capsule formulations were purchased from pharmacies across the State and coded MS1-MS15. Their organoleptic and physicochemical properties were assessed according to official and unofficial guidelines. The content of three marker vitamins (B1, B3 and B6) were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography while atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to assay for the presence of iron, manganese and lead. Results: The capsules were within their shelf-life as of the time of sampling and analyses. They were registered by NAFDAC. Ten brands were manufactured in India, three in Nigeria and one each from Malaysia and Thailand. The samples varied in colour and shape. Physicochemical evaluations showed weight uniformity within each brand but not among brands. All brands disintegrated within 15 minutes except one sample. Content assay showed significant differences between labelled claim and sample content with amounts of two marker vitamins ranging from 59.50±0.018 - 197.40±0.003% for vitamin B1 and 99.78±0.011 - 180.47±0.036% for B6, while levels of lead were within acceptable limits. Sample MS8 contained none of its labelled claim of vitamins and minerals. Conclusion: The study showed disparities in the quality and label claims of the multivitamins capsules brands available in Edo State, Nigeria. The brands failed to meet pharmacopeial standards in three marker vitamins assessed and hence, the need for regulatory agencies to ensure the quality of multivitamins capsules entering the market.
Quality Evaluation of some Commercially Available Brands of Loratadine Tablets in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Ajima U. , Wannang N.N. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, Poyi O.C. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Onah J.O. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Background: Loratadine is a tricyclic, non-sedative histamine (H1)-receptor antagonist that is indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Due to its high demand in Plateau State, Nigeria which has peculiar cold weather conditions, the drug is prone to falsification by unscrupulous individuals. Objectives: This study was carried out to assess the chemical, physicochemical and biopharmaceutical quality of six brands of loratadine tablets marketed in the state. Methods: Quality parameters such as uniformity of weight, crushing strength, friability, disintegration and dissolution were evaluated using standard Pharmacopoeial methods. The content of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the brands was also determined using a validated UV spectrophotometric method. Results: The thickness (2.355 – 3.804 mm), diameter (7.195 -10.141 mm), uniformity of weight (0.0748 – 0.2462 g) and friability (0.10 – 0.28 %) of all the tested brands fell within acceptable limits. The crushing strength ranged between 3.10 – 8.80 KgF with four brands having values outside the acceptable range. Disintegration time for the brands ranged from 3.43 to 24.54 minutes. Two brands, LO2 and LO4, had content of active ingredient of 60 and 68% respectively which are below the Pharmacopoeial requirement. In the dissolution studies, three out of the six brands did not release up to 80% of active drug within one hour as required by official specification. Conclusion: The study found that some of the tested brands of loratadine did not meet the Pharmacopoeial quality requirements hence there is an urgent need for continuous post-marketing surveillance of medicines.
Extemporaneous Compounding Practice among Community Pharmacists in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Idiaraba Campus, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria, Amaeze O.U. , Onwuchuluba E.E. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Idiaraba Campus, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria, Nnaji A.C. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Idiaraba Campus, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria, Aiyeolemi A.A. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Idiaraba Campus, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Background: Extemporaneous compounding is a vital part of pharmaceutical care and could help community pharmacists personalize patients' treatment and improve treatment outcomes. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice about extemporaneous compounding among community pharmacists in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists across the various zones of the Lagos State chapter of the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria was conducted from July to September 2021. Data were collected using a validated online questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical approval was obtained prior to commencement of the study. Results: A total of 255 community pharmacists (CPs) participated in the survey. Almost all (98.4 %) had good knowledge of extemporaneous compounding in multiple domains, and most (84.3%) had positive attitudes towards compounding. However, only 20 (7.8%) CPs carried out one form of compounding or the other in their premises. The most significant driver of extemporaneous compounding was the need to avoid an allergy to an ingredient in a commercially available medication (94.9%), while the most significant barrier was the lack of prescriptions requiring compounding (95.3%). Conclusion: Community Pharmacists in Lagos State had good knowledge and a positive attitude toward extemporaneous compounding, but the practice was low. Collaborative efforts of relevant stakeholders in pharmacy practice are required to address the identified barriers to extemporaneous compounding.
Willingness to Pay for Infertility Treatments in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Bello M.A. , Odigie R.U. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Udezi W.A. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The burden of infertility has been on the rise in recent times, and not only does it affect millions worldwide, but it also impacts families in numerous ways. Quantification of this burden helps to ascertain the level of competition for available resources for healthcare. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for the treatment of infertility and its possible relationship with sociodemographic factors. Methods: A contingent valuation method using payment cards containing a description of the features and price options was used to elicit WTP values for two treatment options for infertility. Participants were recruited across several hospitals in Abuja. Kruskal Wallis and Man-Whitney U tests were employed as applicable to investigate the effects of socio-demographic factors on WTP. Results: WTP results showed that mean willingness to pay for Option A (NGN696,701 ≃ $1,1828.61) was significantly higher than Option B (N578,982 ≃ $1,519.64) with respondents preferring Option A to B (P=0.0001). Older respondents, those with post-secondary education and those who have waited for more than 12 years to have a child were significantly more willing to pay higher for both Option A and Option B (P=0.0001). Respondents who earned higher were also willing to pay significantly higher for both options. Conclusion: Patients who are older and have waited for longer periods before giving birth were more willing to pay higher for the two infertility treatment options provided. Those respondents with better income also showed a willingness to pay higher than those with lower monthly earnings.