bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making Scents of Transition
Authors: Śliwa Martyna , Riach Kathleen
Published: April 2011

In this article, the growing body of literature on transition within central and eastern Europe is developed by exploring how discussing the senses may illuminate the experience of change to post-socialism for urban dwellers. After situating the study within the rich ethnographic heritage on urban transition, the key tenets of ‘geographies of smell’ are outlined as a means of inquiry which emphasises the lived, sensually embodied experience of transition. The empirical study is focused upon the interrogation of the meanings created by, and attached to, olfactory experience in contemporary Poland, discussing three motifs that highlight the symbolic and transformative role of smell in relation to transition. In understanding smell as playing an active role in the creation of meaning, not only are current debates surrounding geographies of smell extended, but it is argued that addressing the relatively neglected sensual dimension of the social provides an avenue into more nuanced dimensions of urban transition.
New State Space Formation in Morocco: The Example of the Bouregreg Valley
Authors: Bogaert Koenraad
Published: April 2011

Most scholars working on the Arab World typically view the state’s power as something congruent with its cartographic boundaries. Power emerges from an institutional core—the regime—which exerts its hegemony over subordinated institutions, spaces and scales. Thus, the regime presents itself as the privileged site of political formation, intervention and inquiry. The result is a body of scholarship that has largely neglected the dynamics of ‘new state space’ formation at the urban scale. Drawing on the case of the Bouregreg project, a massive high-end urban development scheme positioned between the twin cities of Rabat and Salé, Morocco, this paper investigates the dynamics of agency formation implicated in the creation of a new state space and considers what it reveals about state respatialisation and the rise of new governmental arrangements that have been elided by mainstream accounts on the Middle East and North African region.
Strengthening grief support for adolescents coping with a peer’s death
Authors: Balk David E. , Zaengle Donna , Corr Charles A.
Published: April 2011

This article offers suggestions for strengthening school-based grief support following an adolescent’s death. Such interventions must be considered within the context of: (a) development during adolescence; (b) the role of peers in adolescent development; and (c) the fact that an adolescent peer’s death is a non-normative life crisis in developed countries. Review of those three topics leads to an overview of death during adolescence; an exploration of adolescent bereavement, grief, and mourning; consideration of disenfranchised grief in relation to an adolescent peer’s death; and an integration of this foundational knowledge in supporting bereaved adolescents within a school setting.
Supporting children with traumatic grief: What educators need to know
Authors: Cohen Judith A. , Mannarino Anthony P.
Published: April 2011

Following traumatic deaths children may develop Childhood Traumatic Grief (CTG), a condition in which trauma symptoms interfere with adaptive child grieving. Educators have an important role in supporting children who have CTG. Key contributions that educators can make are to (a) recognize CTG symptoms in school settings; (b) refer children for mental health evaluations when appropriate; (c) recognize reminders that trigger trauma symptoms and identify ways to manage these triggers and responses in school settings; (d) support CTG treatments in school by reinforcing children’s use of stress-management strategies; (e) respect confidentiality; (f) recognize the importance of cultural issues in CTG; and (g) maintain good communication with parents and other helping professionals.
Including School Resource Officers in school-based crisis intervention: Strengthening student support
Authors: James Richard K. , Logan Joan , Davis Scott A.
Published: April 2011

This article discusses the importance of trained police officers, School Resource Officers (SROs), participating in school-based crisis response efforts. These efforts, mostly preventative in nature, mitigate and de-escalate trauma for students exposed to a wide variety of challenging situations. Scenarios are presented with dialogue between students and SRO, offering insights into how SROs support students’ emotional needs. The article demonstrates how trained SROs’ service complements school-based crisis prevention and intervention efforts.
Comforting children and families who grieve: Incorporating spiritual support
Authors: Jerome Annette
Published: April 2011

Based on specific school and community tragedies, this article reviews difficult situations and how students’ spiritual and religious beliefs were incorporated into school-based grief interventions. Suggestions are made to strengthen this often untapped resource, encouraging school-based mental health professionals to consult with community spiritual leaders and parents, exploring students’ spiritual resources and more effectively blending spiritually-based interventions across settings.
School-based support groups for traumatized students
Authors: Leek Openshaw Linda
Published: April 2011

After students experience a traumatic event, group counseling is an effective tool to offset the effects of grief and distress. Following a school crisis, successful school-based intervention requires interdisciplinary coordination between school psychologists, counselors, school social workers, teachers, and administrative staff. Within a short time after a traumatic event, school personnel are encouraged to create student support groups, helping students cope with intense feelings and assuring them that they are not alone. Interventions are most effective when schools pre-determine an action plan, train staff to respond with correct intervention techniques, and seamlessly transition into crisis intervention and support mode. Quick professional response through organizing and offering children’s support groups will help increase school stability and alleviate the effects of traumatic events.
Play therapy for bereaved children: Adapting strategies to community, school, and home settings
Authors: Boyd Webb Nancy
Published: April 2011

Play therapy is a highly adaptable treatment method that can be modified according to children’s ages, circumstances, and settings in which counseling occurs. Play therapy may be used in schools, community settings, and homes to help children following the death of a significant other. After reviewing basic developmental factors that affect children’s ability to comprehend the meaning of death, the article discusses the special circumstances of grief in different situations, including community-based counseling after Hurricane Katrina, school-based group play therapy following a teacher’s death, and conjoint parent-child play therapy after a father’s death in a terrorist attack. Increasing the acceptability and effectiveness of play therapy, professionals must consider and incorporate family and community traditions and beliefs. Additionally, professionals are encouraged to support teachers and parents in utilizing play-based activities to facilitate children’s expressions of grief.
Efficient Rehabilitation Care for Joint Replacement Patients
Authors: Tian Wenqiang , DeJong Gerben , Horn Susan D. , Putman Koen , Hsieh Ching-Hui , DaVanzo Joan E.
Published: April 2011

Objective. There has been lengthy debate as to which setting, skilled nursing facility (SNF) or inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), is more efficient in treating joint replacement patients. This study aims to determine the efficiency of rehabilitation care provided by SNF and IRF to joint replacement patients with respect to both payment and length of stay (LOS). Methods. This study used a prospective multisite observational cohort design. Tobit models were used to examine the association between setting of care and efficiency. The study enrolled 948 knee replacement patients and 618 hip replacement patients from 11 IRFs and 7 SNFs between February 2006 and February 2007. Output was measured by motor functional independence measure (FIM) score at discharge. Efficiency was measured in 3 ways: payment efficiency, LOS efficiency, and stochastic frontier analysis efficiency. Results. IRF patients incurred higher expenditures per case but also achieved larger motor FIM gains in shorter LOS than did SNF patients. Setting of care was not a strong predictor of overall efficiency of rehabilitation care. Great variation in characteristics existed within IRFs or SNFs and severity groups. Medium-volume facilities among both SNFs and IRFs were most efficient. Early rehabilitation was consistently predictive of efficient treatment. Conclusions. The advantage of either setting is not clear-cut. Definition of efficiency depends in part on preference between cost and time. SNFs are more payment efficient; IRFs are more LOS efficient. Variation within SNFs and IRFs blurred setting differences; a simple comparison between SNF and IRF may not be appropriate.
Modeling and designing self-organized aggregation in a swarm of miniature robots
Authors: Correll Nikolaus , Martinoli Alcherio
Published: April 2011

We model the dynamics of self-organized robot aggregation inspired by a study on the aggregation of gregarious arthropods. In swarms of German cockroaches, aggregation into clusters emerges solely from local interactions between the individuals, whereas the probabilities of joining or leaving a cluster are a function of the cluster size. We propose a non-spatial population dynamics model that keeps track of the number of robots in clusters of specific size using control parameters of the individual robots and the probability of detecting another robot in the environment. The model is able to quantitatively and qualitatively predict the dynamics observed in extensive realistic multi-robot simulation, and provides qualitative agreement with data obtained from aggregation of Blattela germanica larvae. In particular, we show by analysis, numerical and realistic simulation that the emergence of a single aggregate requires a minimal communication range between individuals.
Cartilage Pressure Distributions Provide a Footprint to Define Female Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Mechanisms
Authors: Quatman Carmen E. , Kiapour Ali , Myer Gregory D. , Ford Kevin R. , Demetropoulos Constantine K. , Goel Vijay K. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: April 2011

Background

Bone bruises located on the lateral femoral condyle and posterolateral tibia are commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and may contribute to the high risk for knee osteoarthritis after ACL injury. The resultant footprint (location) of a bone bruise after ACL injury provides evidence of the inciting injury mechanism.

Purpose/Hypothesis

( 1 ) To analyze tibial and femoral articular cartilage pressure distributions during normal landing and injury simulations, and ( 2 ) to evaluate ACL strains for conditions that lead to articular cartilage pressure distributions similar to bone bruise patterns associated with ACL injury. The hypothesis was that combined knee abduction and anterior tibial translation injury simulations would demonstrate peak articular cartilage pressure distributions in the lateral femoral condyle and posterolateral tibia. The corollary hypothesis was that combined knee abduction and anterior tibial translation injury conditions would result in the highest ACL strains.

Study Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods

Prospective biomechanical data from athletes who subsequently suffered ACL injuries after testing (n = 9) and uninjured teammates (n = 390) were used as baseline input data for finite element model comparisons.

Results

Peak articular pressures that occurred on the posterolateral tibia and lateral femoral condyle were demonstrated for injury conditions that had a baseline knee abduction angle of 5°. Combined planar injury conditions of abduction/anterior tibial translation, anterior tibial translation/internal tibial rotation, or anterior tibial translation/external tibial rotation or isolated anterior tibial translation, external tibial rotation, or internal tibial rotation resulted in peak pressures in the posterolateral tibia and lateral femur. The highest ACL strains occurred during the combined abduction/anterior tibial translation condition in the group that had a baseline knee abduction angle of 5°.

Conclusion

The results of this study support a valgus collapse as the major ACL injury mechanism that results from tibial abduction rotations combined with anterior tibial translation or external or internal tibial rotations.

Clinical Relevance

Reduction of large multiplanar knee motions that include abduction, anterior translation, and internal/external tibial motions may reduce the risk for ACL injuries and associated bone bruises. In particular, prevention of an abduction knee posture during initial contact of the foot with the ground may help prevent ACL injury.
Child poverty and child rights meet active citizenship: A New Zealand and Sweden case study
Authors: O'Brien Michael , Salonen Tapio
Published: April 2011

Children’s rights and active citizenship have been significant policy emphases and developments in recent years but the relationship between the two has not been actively explored in relation to the implications for child poverty. Recent policy developments in New Zealand and Sweden are drawn on here to explore this relationship. The article argues that an emphasis on active citizenship does not lead to improvement of rights for all children. Too many children are left in poverty because active citizenship is focused on the lives of adults, not the needs and rights of children. Advancing children’s rights requires attention to the position of all children, not just those who live in households where the adults meet active citizenship requirements.
Urine trouble: a social history of bedwetting and its regulation
Authors: Hurl Chris
Published: April 2011

Bedwetting has confounded the presumed boundaries of the human body, existing in a fluid space, between the normal and pathological. Its treatment has demanded the application of a wide array of different technologies, each based on a distinct conception of the relationship between the body and personality, human organs and personal conduct. In tracing the social history of bedwetting and its regulation, this article examines the ontological assumptions underpinning the treatment of bedwetting and how they have changed over the past two centuries. Through the analysis of medical journals, newspaper articles and magazine advertisements, different topologies are identified which redefine the boundaries of the human body and its capacities. From 16th-century naturalism, in which the human body is subordinated to a cosmic totality, to the circumscribed space of 19th-century paediatrics and the expansive circuits of behavioural psychology and modern psychoanalysis, the body has become multiplied, differently enacted through the application of diverse technologies. It will be shown how coordinating the messy and divergent conceptions of the human body has posed an endemic problem for the human sciences, and how the enduring tension between object enactment and subject constitution is an expression of modern ‘baroque’ subjectivity.
Historical glacier fluctuations of Jostedalsbreen and Folgefonna (southern Norway) reassessed by new pictorial and written evidence
Authors: Nussbaumer Samuel U. , Nesje Atle , Zumbühl Heinz J.
Published: April 2011

Glaciers are sensitive indicators of past climate and thus valuable sources of climate history. Unfortunately, direct determinations of glacier changes (variations in length and mass balance) did not start with increasing accuracy before the end of the nineteenth century. Therefore, historical and geomorphological evidence has to be used to reconstruct glacier variability for preceding time periods. Here we present new glacier length reconstructions for selected outlet glaciers of Jostedalsbreen and Folgefonna (two ice caps in southern Norway). A wealth of different historical sources (drawings, paintings, prints, photographs, maps, written accounts; about 400 documents) allows reconstruction of glacier length variations for the last 300 (Jostedalsbreen), and 200 years (Folgefonna), respectively. We present historical material newly collected for Briksdalsbreen, Bøyabreen, Store Supphellebreen, Bergsetbreen, Nigardsbreen, Lodalsbreen (all Jostedalsbreen), and Bondhusbrea, Buerbreen (both southern Folgefonna). At Jostedalsbreen, glaciers reached their ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) maximum extent around AD 1750. Nigardsbreen is best documented, where also the advance in the mid-eighteenth century can be quantified. However, the nearby Bergsetbreen shows more distinct glacier advances and retreats since the LIA maximum extent. A minor peak is documented in the 1870s for all outlet glaciers of Jostedalsbreen studied. At southern Folgefonna, the LIA maximum was attained in the late 1870s (second peak around 1890). So far, there is no direct historical evidence for the time before AD 1800.
Ponds, Paddies and Frontier Defence
Authors: Zhang Ling
Published: April 2011

At the end of the 10th century, the Northern Song government constructed a series of ponds in northern Hebei in order to thwart its nomadic rival, the Khitan Liao. Throughout the following one and a quarter centuries of the dynasty, this strategic set of water features was enlarged, despite the environmental and human costs. This article looks at the history of these ponds, and paddy rice planting in this area, and explores their interaction with Hebei’s economy and environment during the period. It argues that the presence of these ponds dramatically changed the ecology of northern Hebei and brought about a series of political and economic problems: not only were local residents driven to find alternative means of livelihood or to emigrate out, but the government also came under significant economic pressure and committed itself to an unsuccessful policy of paddy rice production. The problems caused by this strategic military scheme played a significant role in the economic decline, especially of agriculture, of northeast China during the middle period of Chinese history.
Monks for Hire
Authors: Rauw Tom De , Heirman Ann
Published: April 2011

Throughout history, Chinese monastic Buddhism has been characterised by a dichotomy between its religious ideal of austerity and the actual wealth of its monasteries. While this contradiction often formed the basis for criticism of Buddhism and/or its institutions, it appeared to be unproblematic to most early Chinese Buddhist commentators, who frequently idealise the (conceptual) poverty of monks, whilst writing on the lavish adornments of their monasteries. The potential tension between an idealised detachment from material possession and the accumulation of wealth was dissolved by making a distinction between the personal wealth of individual monks, and the collective wealth of the monastic community. However, during the reign of Liang Wudi (r. 502–549), we see the emergence of an interesting form of personal financing of monks, namely, the practice of imperially paid household monks (jiaseng). This article investigates this unique institution. What were the motives for hiring monks on a personal basis and how did this tie in with Wu’s political use of Buddhism? Who were these monks, and what was their function? Was there any opposition against them on the basis of their payment?
Civitas in Early Medieval Central Europe—Stronghold or District?
Authors: Rossignol Sébastien
Published: April 2011

Several generations of historians and archaeologists have debated the meaning of the word civitas used in Frankish sources in the 9th and 10th centuries. This argument principally involves a short geographical tract whose anonymous author is known as the so-called ‘Bavarian Geographer’. The 9th-century civitas has been interpreted as designating either a stronghold or, according to the definition in classical Latin, a district. Although the former meaning now seems to have gained popularity in recent scholarship, the latter has still not disappeared and, most importantly, the reasons underlying the adoption of either of these definitions have remained unclear. In this article, the evidence in Frankish written documents is systematically analysed and it is concluded that the so-called ‘Bavarian Geographer’ certainly used the word civitas with the meaning of stronghold, which was common in his time and place, and not with the meaning of district.
Structural Brain Imaging: A Window into Chronic Pain
Authors: May Arne
Published: April 2011

Structural imaging is turning our attention regarding the effects of chronic pain on the brain as a possible source of chronicity. Several independent studies have suggested a decrease in gray matter in pain-transmitting areas in patients with constant pain. Most of these data are discussed as representing damage or loss of brain gray matter, reinforcing the idea of chronic pain as a progressive disease. However, any data of an increase or decrease in gray matter in pain syndromes need to be considered in light of all observations gathered in the past 10 years and probably do not justify a discussion of brain damage or consideration of whether the disease is progressive. It is likely that these changes are the consequence and not the cause of the respective pain syndromes as they may reverse once the pain is adequately treated. Moreover, structural changes of the brain may not be specific to a particular pain syndrome and for the moment only mirror the magnitude or duration of pain suffered. The topographical distributions of gray matter changes may well be the consequence of cortical regions having varying susceptibilities. We need to better understand the behavioral consequences and cellular mechanisms underlying these neuroanatomic changes.
A pseudospectral method for the solution of second-order integro-differential equations
Authors: Alipanah Amjad , Dehghan Mehdi
Published: April 2011

In this paper we present a computational technique for solving the second-order Fredholm integro-differential equations. The method is based on a non-classical pseudospectral method. The differential matrices are computed and are utilized to reduce the second-order Fredholm integro-differential equations to algebraic equations. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new method.
Creativity in savant artists with autism
Authors: Pring Linda , Ryder Nicola , Crane Laura , Hermelin Beate
Published: April 2011

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display impairments in creativity, yet savant artists with ASD are reported to produce highly novel and original artistic outputs. To explore this paradox, we assessed nine savant artists with ASD, nine talented art students, nine non-artistically talented individuals with ASD, and nine individuals with mild/moderate learning difficulties (MLD) on tasks in and out of their domain of expertise. This was to ascertain whether the performance of the savant artists was related to their artistic ability, their diagnosis of ASD or their level of intellectual functioning. Results demonstrated that the responses of the art students were more creative (as assessed on measures of fluency, originality, elaboration, and flexibility) than the savant, ASD, and MLD groups on a drawing task. Although the savants did produce more elaborative responses than the ASD and MLD groups, no differences were observed on the other indices of creativity. On a non-drawing task, the savants produced more original outputs than the ASD and MLD groups (scoring similarly to the art students), but group differences were not observed on the other measures.
Access to mental health in primary care: A qualitative meta-synthesis of evidence from the experience of people from ‘hard to reach’ groups
Authors: Lamb Jonathan , Bower Peter , Rogers Anne , Dowrick Christopher , Gask Linda
Published: April 2011

Knowledge about depression, access and help-seeking has increasingly been influenced from a range of disciplines including clinical and applied social science. A range of interventions can improve outcomes of depression and anxiety. However, many in need do not seek help, or their interaction with care-givers does not address their needs. We carried out a systematic search for qualitative articles focusing on the experiences of eight exemplar groups with exceptional problems in access (the homeless, long-term unemployed, adolescents with eating disorders, depressed elderly people, advanced cancer sufferers, patients with medically unexplained symptoms, asylum seekers and people from black and minority ethnic groups). Twenty articles representing these groups were selected, findings were then developed using qualitative meta-synthesis, this suggested a range of mechanisms accounting for poor access among these groups. Many regarded their mental health problems as rooted in social problems and employed a variety of self-management strategies to maintain function. These strategies could involve social withdrawal, focusing available resources on close family relationships and work roles. Over-investment in these roles could result in a sense of insecurity as wider networks were neglected. Material disadvantage affected both the resources people could bring to performing social roles and influenced help-seeking. A tacit understanding of the material, psychological and social ‘costs’ of engagement by patients and health professionals could influence decisions to seek and offer help. These costs were felt to be proportionally higher in deprived, marginalized and minority communities, where individual resources are limited and the stigma attached to mental ill-health is high.
Does Intercollegiate Athletics Draw Local Students to a University?
Authors: Perez Stephen J.
Published: April 2011

This article presents evidence showing that success in football and men’s basketball at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level positively affects enrollment of local high school graduates at a college or university. Panel regressions for eight California State Universities (CSUs) from 1986 to 2009 show that one win in football can increase the percentage of local high school graduates entering the local CSUs by 0.051 percentage points and one win against a Division I basketball team results in an increase of 0.018 percentage points.
Productivity and New Audiences: Empirical Evidence From Professional Basketball
Authors: Deutscher Christian
Published: April 2011

Changing clubs in professional sports lets a player face a new supportive crowd during home games, hence the question arises how performance is impacted by changing teams. This article measures the impact of the changed audience on free throw shooting performance. The data set includes all free throw attempts for 10 seasons from the National Basketball Association (NBA) and distinguishes between home and away games. Results support the idea that only free agents who were able to select a new team worsened their performance due to social pressure experienced during home games, while the performance during away games is unaffected. They suggest that especially bad free throw shooters suffer from facing this additional pressure.
Policy Framework for Rare Disease Health Disparities
Authors: Holtzclaw Williams Pamela
Published: April 2011

This analysis examines federal legislation offering potential benefits for populations living with rare disease. More than 6,000 diseases are defined “rare” by prevalence of less than 200,000 in the United States. Rare disease carries more than symptom burdens; psychosocial implications resulting from low prevalence, complex genetic etiology, and potential inheritability add further load. Health care systems add psychosocial, morbidity, and disability burden resulting from disparities in access to affordable drugs, therapeutic discovery, clinical best practices and surveillance development, provider competency, and timely diagnosis. The Orphan Drug and Rare Disease Acts specifically targets research strategies to benefit rare disease, whereas the Genetic Information Nondisclosure Act (GINA) addresses economic risks of living with genetic rare conditions. Policy content and literature discussion demonstrate broader policy articulation is needed to prioritize research and solutions for health disparity and its consequences for the collective rare disease community. The Health Disparity Research and Education Act is relevant to future rare disease policy development and nursing action.
Preservation at the Grassroots: Pittsburgh’s Manchester and Cincinnati’s Mt. Auburn Neighborhoods
Authors: Ryberg Stephanie R.
Published: April 2011

This article analyzes community-based organizations’ (CBOs) use of historic preservation as a means of stabilizing low-income neighborhoods. It chronicles the experience of two foundational cases— Pittsburgh’s Manchester Citizens Corporation (MCC) and Cincinnati’s Mt. Auburn Good Housing Foundation (MAGHF), which undertook nationally recognized historic preservation projects in the 1970s. The MAGHF, although a precedent for the more successful MCC, ultimately dissolved under the weight of resident dissent and financial pressures. The research discusses the complexities of using preservation in low-income areas and assesses the reasons leading to success and/or failure.
Evolution of Critical Care Nurse Practitioner Role Within a US Academic Medical Center
Authors: Farley Thomas L. , Latham Geoffrey
Published: April 2011

Nurse practitioners are becoming established clinicians in the intensive care unit. This article describes the integration of nurse practitioners into the Critical Care Medicine Service at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center. The development and current form of the nurse practitioner role is detailed. The model of employing nurse practitioners in an academic critical care medicine service is provided as a blueprint for other institutions facing a shortage of intensivists. This study addresses future direction for program development.
Intra-articular Duration of Durolane™ after Single Injection into the Rabbit Knee
Authors: Edsman Katarina , Hjelm Roland , Lärkner Helena , Nord Lars I. , Karlsson Anders , Wiebensjö Åsa , Höglund A. Urban , Kenne Anne Helander , Näsström Jacques
Published: April 2011

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the intra-articular duration of Durolane™ in a rabbit model to allow comparison between Durolane™ residence time and data reported for other hyaluronic acid products as well as native hyaluronic acid.

Design:

14C-labeled Durolane™ was manufactured by labeling the cross-linker used for stabilization. A single injection of approximately 0.3 mL 14C-labeled Durolane™ was administered intra-articularly in both knee joints of male New Zealand White rabbits. At days 1, 2, 3, 7, 28, 60, 96, and 120 after injection, the knee joints of 4 animals were collected, and the radioactivity of the remaining gel was measured. The obtained data were fitted by exponential models to calculate the half-life of the gel. Two additional rabbits were used for histology of the joint 127 days after the injection.

Results:

The elimination of 14C-labeled Durolane™ followed first-order kinetics with an apparent half-life of approximately 32 days. Histology showed no morphological changes in the knee joints.

Conclusions:

This study shows that Durolane™ has a half-life of 32 days in the rabbit knee joint, which is much longer compared to literature data on hyaluronic acid and other modified hyaluronic acid products.
Touching a Teddy Bear Mitigates Negative Effects of Social Exclusion to Increase Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Tai Kenneth , Zheng Xue , Narayanan Jayanth
Published: April 2011

There is little empirical research to date that looks at how the deleterious effects of social exclusion can be mitigated. We examined how touching an inanimate object—a teddy bear—might impact the effect of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. Across two studies, we found that socially excluded individuals who touched a teddy bear acted more prosocially as compared to socially excluded individuals who just viewed the teddy bear from a distance. This effect was only observed for socially excluded participants and not for socially included (or control) participants. Overall, the findings suggest that touching a teddy bear mitigates the negative effects of social exclusion to increase prosocial behavior. In Study 2, positive emotion was found to mediate the relationship between touch and prosocial behavior. These results suggest a possible means to attenuate the unpleasant effects of social exclusion.
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Authors: Balderrábano-Saucedo Norma , Vizcaíno-Alarcón Alfredo , Sandoval-Serrano Erika , Segura-Stanford Begoña , Arévalo-Salas Luis A. , de la Cruz Lorenzo Reyes , Espinosa-Islas Gonzalo , Puga-Muñuzuri Francisco Javier
Published: April 2011

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare disease. Approximately 185 cases have been reported around the world. The authors performed a retrospective study that reviewed the clinical files and pathological samples of 22 cases of pentalogy of Cantrell treated at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Thirteen patients had ectopia cordis associated with pentalogy of Cantrell (group I), and there were 9 cases without ectopia cordis (group II). In group I, the following types of congenital heart disease were found: single ventricle (4), double-outlet right ventricle (4), ventricular septal defect (3), aortic coarctation (1), and atrial septal defect (1). In group II, the following types of congenital heart disease were found: double-outlet right ventricle (3), double-inlet left ventricle (2), ventricular septal defect (2), tetralogy of Fallot (1), and hypoplastic right ventricle syndrome (1). Nine cases had a ventricular diverticulum (40%). Ten patients (45%) had some other congenital anomaly associated with pentalogy of Cantrell. Thirteen patients underwent surgery (59%), which included cardiac surgery in 10 cases (45%). Sixteen patients died (73%): 11 from group I and 5 from group II ( P < .05). Little more than 50 years since it was first described, pentalogy of Cantrell remains a disease with high mortality, especially in patients with associated ectopia cordis.
Intrapericardial Teratoma in Neonates
Authors: Manoly Imthiaz , Viola Nicola , Fowler Darren , Roman Kevin , Haw Marcus
Published: April 2011

Primary cardiac tumors are very rare, with a reported incidence of 0.15% to 0.2% in autopsy series. They can be life threatening because of myocardial compression and ventricular dysfunction. Once diagnosed during pregnancy, the clinical condition of the baby is monitored because of the risk of rupture of the tumor capsule. The authors report a rare case of a neonate who presented with respiratory and cardiac compromise due to cardiac tamponade necessitating emergency exploration of the pericardium and excision of tumor. A well-encapsulated tumor measuring around 5 cm and bigger than the heart was completely excised. This was diagnosed to be an immature teratoma. Follow-up echocardiogram was normal, and on serial monitoring, alpha-fetoprotein was within normal limits. The baby was discharged home with no complications. Intrapericardial teratoma in neonates is a surgical emergency if presented with significant pericardial effusion. It can be a challenge if diagnosed in utero with rupture before the viability of pregnancy. A multidisciplinary team approach is necessary to manage such situations. Complete excision is necessary because of its association with tissues of malignant potential.
An Alternative Technique for Rechanneling of Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Using Autogenous Right Atrial Appendage
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , Reddy Srikrishna M. , Gharde Parag , Devagourou V , Rao Keerthi
Published: April 2011

We report a new technique for closure of sinus venosus atrial septal defect with high partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. This technique consisted of preservation of the atriocaval junction, advancement of the posterior rim of the atrial septal defect anterosuperiorly and enlargement of the superior caval vein using right atrial appendage. We found this to be a convenient technique and recommend it for correction of this anomaly.
Twin Atrioventricular Nodes Connecting to Sling of Conduction Tissue in Congenitally Corrected Transposition Associated With Straddling Tricuspid Valve
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Kurosawa Hiromi , Nakanishi Toshio
Published: April 2011

This report describes a case of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia relating to “twin” atrioventricular nodes in a 6-year-old female patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with straddling tricuspid valve. Straddling and overriding of the tricuspid valve literally or by definition indicate malalignment of the inlet part of the ventricular septum and atrial septum by an abnormally large ventriculoatrial septal angle. Therefore, anterior atrioventricular conduction tissues are expected in this setting; however, the present report describes an exception to the rule that combination of straddling tricuspid valve is unlikely to be associated with twin atrioventricular nodes/sling. The patient underwent successful ablation of one atrioventricular node, eliminating the tachycardia, and subsequently Fontan-type palliation.
Results of Balloon Atrial Septostomy as Preparation for Surgical Correction in Transposition of Great Arteries
Authors: Padilla Tatiana , Zapata Margarita , Díaz Luis Horacio , Lince Rafael , Ruz Miguel , Guzmán Mónica , Donado Juan , Franco Gloria
Published: April 2011

Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) is a palliative procedure performed in the preoperative management of patients with transposition of great arteries (TGA), to improve the mixing of blood between the 2 systems. This report describes experience at the Clínica Cardiovascular Santa Maria in Medellin, Colombia. Between 2002 and 2010, 22 patients with TGA underwent BAS. Patient age at the time of the procedure was 21 days on average; 68% of patients were male. Average weight was 2.96 kg and interatrial gradient was between 4 and 12 mm Hg. The average systemic oxygen saturation at the beginning of the procedure was 60%, with a final saturation of 90%. Z5 atrioseptostomy balloons were used in 18 patients (81%), using Rashkind technique; Tyshak balloon catheters were used in 3 patients (13%) with the Shrivastava technique; and static high-pressure peripheral angioplasty balloons were used in 3 patients (13%). Two patients underwent BAS with 2 types of balloons. Although there were no complications clearly attributable to the procedure, 14% of patients had evidence of focal brain injury on the postoperative magnetic resonance image. Six patients died (27%), 5 of them because of postoperative complications and 1 because of infectious complications at another institution. All postoperative deaths occurred before 2006. The BAS is a safe technique for preoperative stabilization of patients with TGA.
Development of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery in Latin America
Authors: Kreutzer Christian , Capelli Horacio , Sandoval Nestor , Jatene Marcelo , Kreutzer Guillermo
Published: April 2011

In the last 70 years, congenital heart surgery has dramatically evolved, and Latin America has completed this journey with unique regional features. Since the first ligation of a patent arterial duct by Enrique Finochietto in 1941 in Buenos Aires, the development of congenital heart surgery was deeply influenced by funding restrictions and scarcity of technology. However, the determined work of cardiovascular surgery pioneers as Hugo Filipozzi, Euriclides Zerbini, and Adib Jatene in Brazil; Helmut Jaeger in Chile; Hugo Baz and Clemente Robles in Mexico; Alberto Bejarano in Colombia; and Mario Brea and Fernando Tricerri in Argentina made cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass available by the late 1950s. In the following five decades new generations of cardiovascular surgeons received the legacy of these outstanding leaders and made several important contributions to the field in tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia, single ventricle, truncus arteriosus, heart transplantation, and many others. Many centers in Latin America routinely perform congenital heart disease surgery with excellent results, covering the entire spectrum from the newborn to the adult congenital heart patient. The most important challenge that remains is to provide access to care to all children with congenital heart disease in Latin America, since currently only 42% of them receive surgical treatment.
Restoration of Transposed Great Arteries to Nature
Authors: Chiu Ing-Sh , Chen Ming-Ren , Huang Shu-Chien , Lee Meng-Luen , Tsai Hsiao-En , Chen Shyh-Jye , Lue Hung-Chi
Published: April 2011

Surgical correction of transposition of the great arteries was proposed by many in the past half-century and was claimed as the anatomical correction, but the treatment of choice was ever changing. The current technique usually includes the Lecompte maneuver to bring the pulmonary bifurcation in front of the aorta. Although the ventricular–arterial connection is corrected, it is not “normal.” This review describes an innovative technique to reconstruct the great arteries in spiral fashion, which is the natural relationship of the aorta and pulmonary artery. The surgical principles of nature and even distribution using autologous tissues are emphasized. The structural and functional studies of the spiral great arteries in the last 2 decades are also presented.
The Conduction System in Heterotaxy
Authors: Kurosawa Hiromi , Kawada Noriyasu
Published: April 2011

Cardiac malformations associated with the syndrome of atriovisceral heterotaxy are among the most complex forms of congenital heart disease. Accordingly, the disposition of the specialized conduction tissue (the conduction system) is also variable and complex in these particular anomalies. The location of the conduction system and the degree of abnormalities of the conduction system correlate with the severity and location of the associated structural cardiac anomalies.
Application of Computer Modeling in Systemic VAD Support of Failing Fontan Physiology
Authors: Durham Lucian A. , Dearani Joseph A. , Burkhart Harold M. , Joyce Lyle D. , Cetta Frank , Cabalka Allison K. , Phillips Sabrina D. , Sundareswaran Kartik , Farrar David , Park Soon J.
Published: April 2011

Although the Fontan procedure has been enormously successful in palliation of single-ventricle patients, many seem to experience progressive failure of the Fontan circulation over time. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have developed into stable platforms for long-term support of adult patients with heart failure. Given the success of axial flow devices, it was hypothesized that the technology could provide clinical benefit to failing Fontan patients. The aim of this study was to use a computer model to evaluate VAD support in failing Fontan physiology. A computer model of Fontan circulation with heart failure was developed and the HeartMate II (HM II) (Thoratec Corp) axial flow ventricular assist device was connected to this model in a systemic configuration to examine its impact. Cardiac catheterization data from 7 patients (8 catheterization studies) with failing Fontan physiology were applied to this model to evaluate the impact of using the HM II in this manner. When the HM II was used in a systemic configuration at 8000 rpm, there was a 35% decrease in the systemic venous pressure in the Fontan circuit and a 63% decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with a resultant 41% increase in CI. The model also predicted patient-specific parameters where the VAD may not benefit the patient, such as fixed elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, low systemic ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and high unresponsive systemic vascular resistance. These data suggest a potential benefit from application of axial flow VAD technology in the management of failing Fontan physiology. Clinical correlation will allow for refinement of this model as a predictive tool in discerning which patients may benefit from placement of a VAD and what issues must be addressed prior to implanting the device.
Enhancing Our View of the Doubly Committed Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Yasir , Rosenkranz Eliot , Anderson Robert H. , Kardon Richard
Published: April 2011

A case of a doubly committed ventricular septal defect is presented that highlights the value of 3-dimensional echocardiography in the preoperative planning of surgical closure.
Small molecule Toll-like receptor 7 agonists localize to the MHC class II loading compartment of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Russo Carla , Cornella-Taracido Ivan , Galli-Stampino Luisa , Jain Rishi , Harrington Edmund , Isome Yuko , Tavarini Simona , Sammicheli Chiara , Nuti Sandra , Mbow M. Lamine , Valiante Nicholas M. , Tallarico John , De Gregorio Ennio , Soldaini Elisabetta
Published: April 2011

TLR7 and TLR8 are intracellular sensors activated by single-stranded RNA species generated during viral infections. Various synthetic small molecules can also activate TLR7 or TLR8 or both through an unknown mechanism. Notably, direct interaction between small molecules and TLR7 or TLR8 has never been shown. To shed light on how small molecule agonists target TLRs, we labeled 2 imidazoquinolines, resiquimod and imiquimod, and one adenine-based compound, SM360320, with 2 different fluorophores [5(6) carboxytetramethylrhodamine and Alexa Fluor 488] and monitored their intracellular localization in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). All fluorescent compounds induced the production of IFN-α, TNF-α, and IL-6 and the up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 by pDCs showing they retained TLR7-stimulating activity. Confocal imaging of pDCs showed that, similar to CpG-B, all compounds concentrated in the MHC class II loading compartment (MIIC), identified as lysosome-associated membrane protein 1+, CD63, and HLA-DR+ endosomes. Treatment of pDCs with bafilomycin A, an antagonist of the vacuolar-type proton ATPase controlling endosomal acidification, prevented the accumulation of small molecule TLR7 agonists, but not of CpG-B, in the MIIC. These results indicate that a pH-driven concentration of small molecule TLR7 agonists in the MIIC is required for pDC activation.