bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of proximal femoral morphology on osteointegration of the AMIS uncemented femoral stem in modern hip arthroplasty
Authors: Maton Maxime , Vandromme Emile , Charles Tatiana , Kapanci Bilal , Jayankura Marc
Published: October 2024

Background

Indications for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have evolved over recent decades, with a growing trend toward operating on younger and more active patients. With this shift in patient demographics, there has been a change in femoral stem designs and proximal femoral morphology encountered. This study aimed to evaluate the potential correlation between femoral stem osteointegration and proximal femoral morphology using the Dorr and Noble classifications.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 122 uncemented femoral stems (AMIstem Medacta, triple tapered). The demographic data analyzed included sex, age, stem size, and surgical indications. Preoperative radiographs were reviewed to determine the Dorr classification as well as the canal-to-calcar isthmus ratio, cortical index, and canal flare index. Postoperative radiographs were carefully reviewed to identify the presence of potential postoperative radiolucencies. Inter- and intra-observer agreements for these parameters were also analyzed.

Results

Significant radiolucencies (> 2 mm) were found in 19.5% of the patients. Of all the variables analyzed, the cortical index was the only parameter significantly associated with the appearance of clinically significant radiolucency, with a threshold value of 0.62.

Conclusions

The appearance of radiolucencies is multi-factorial. Nevertheless, in this study, a high cortical index (> 0.62), representing the champagne flute morphology, was found to be associated with the development of significant radiolucencies.
Monoclonal antibodies: From magic bullet to precision weapon
Authors: Aboul-Ella Hassan , Gohar Asmaa , Ali Aya Ahmed , Ismail Lina M. , Mahmoud Adham Ezz El-Regal , Elkhatib Walid F. , Aboul-Ella Heba
Published: October 2024

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used to prevent, detect, and treat a broad spectrum of non-communicable and communicable diseases. Over the past few years, the market for mAbs has grown exponentially with an expected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.07% from 2024 (237.64 billion USD estimated at the end of 2023) to 2033 (679.03 billion USD expected by the end of 2033). Ever since the advent of hybridoma technology introduced in 1975, antibody-based therapeutics were realized using murine antibodies which further progressed into humanized and fully human antibodies, reducing the risk of immunogenicity. Some benefits of using mAbs over conventional drugs include a drastic reduction in the chances of adverse reactions, interactions between drugs, and targeting specific proteins. While antibodies are very efficient, their higher production costs impede the process of commercialization. However, their cost factor has been improved by developing biosimilar antibodies as affordable versions of therapeutic antibodies. Along with the recent advancements and innovations in antibody engineering have helped and will furtherly help to design bio-better antibodies with improved efficacy than the conventional ones. These novel mAb-based therapeutics are set to revolutionize existing drug therapies targeting a wide spectrum of diseases, thereby meeting several unmet medical needs. This review provides comprehensive insights into the current fundamental landscape of mAbs development and applications and the key factors influencing the future projections, advancement, and incorporation of such promising immunotherapeutic candidates as a confrontation approach against a wide list of diseases, with a rationalistic mentioning of any limitations facing this field.
Barriers to accessing perinatal mental health services and suggestions for improvement: qualitative study of women of Black and south Asian backgrounds
Authors: Jovanović Nikolina , Packer Katy C. , Conneely Mebh , Bicknell Sarah , Copello Alex , McCabe Rose , Dirik Ayşegül , Janković Jelena
Published: October 2024

Background

Maternity outcomes for women from certain ethnic groups are notably poor, partly owing to their not receiving treatment from services.

Aims

To explore barriers to access among Black and south Asian women with perinatal mental health problems who did not access perinatal mental health services and suggestions for improvements, and to map findings on to the perinatal care pathway.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in the UK. Data were analysed using the framework method.

Results

Twenty-three women were interviewed, and various barriers were identified, including limited awareness of services, fear of child removal, stigma and unresponsiveness of perinatal mental health services. Whereas most barriers were related to access, fear of child removal, remote appointments and mask-wearing during COVID-19 affected the whole pathway. Recommendations include service promotion, screening and enhanced cultural understanding.

Conclusions

Women in this study, an underrepresented population in published literature, face societal, cultural, organisational and individual barriers that affect different aspects of the perinatal pathway.
Adjuvant Nivolumab in High-Risk Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: Expanded Efficacy From CheckMate 274
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Witjes Johannes Alfred , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Schenker Michael , Valderrama Begoña P. , Tomita Yoshihiko , Bamias Aristotelis , Lebret Thierry , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Park Se Hoon , Agerbaek Mads , Jha Gautam , Stenner Frank , Ye Dingwei , Giudici Fabio , Dutta Santanu , Askelson Margarita , Nasroulah Federico , Zhang Joshua , Brophy Lynne , Bajorin Dean F.
Published: October 2024

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in
JCO
or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported
.

CheckMate 274 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind trial of adjuvant nivolumab versus placebo for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) at high risk of recurrence after radical resection. The primary end points of disease-free survival (DFS) in intent-to-treat (ITT) and tumor PD-L1 expression ≥1% populations were met. We report results at an extended median follow-up of 36.1 months in the ITT population. In addition, we report interim overall survival (OS) data for the first time and an exploratory analysis among patients with bladder primary tumors (muscle-invasive bladder cancer [MIBC]). Consistent DFS benefit with nivolumab versus placebo was observed in both the ITT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.86]) and PD-L1 ≥1% (HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.72]) patients. The HR for OS with nivolumab versus placebo was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.96) in the ITT population and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.86) in the PD-L1 ≥1 population. Continuous benefit in nonurothelial tract recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival was also observed in both patient populations. The exploratory analysis of patients with MIBC also showed continued efficacy benefits, irrespective of PD-L1 status. No new safety signals were reported. Overall, these results further support adjuvant nivolumab as a standard of care for high-risk MIUC after radical resection.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Phosphate Abnormalities After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Steck Dominik T. , Mostofi Nicki , Togashi Kei , Li Rui , Wu David , Wells Lauren , Fong Christine T. , Tillinghast Kyle , O’Reilly-Shah Vikas N. , Jelacic Srdjan
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

The clinical significance and incidence of phosphate abnormalities in cardiac surgery have not been investigated extensively. We hypothesize that phosphate abnormalities are associated with a longer time to tracheal extubation.

METHODS:

This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent nontransplant cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between August 2009 and December 2020. Serum phosphate levels were measured within 6 hours of arrival to the intensive care unit (ICU). Select clinical outcomes were extracted from an intramural database: time to tracheal extubation, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. The lactate level within 6 hours of arrival to the ICU was extracted as well.

RESULTS:

A total of 2659 patients were included. There were 502 (18.9%) patients who were found to be hypophosphatemic (phosphate <2.5 mg/dL), 1905 (71.6%) had normal phosphate levels (phosphate 2.5–4.5 mg/dL), and 252 (9.5%) were hyperphosphatemic (phosphate >4.5 mg/dL). Hyperphosphatemia was associated with 26% longer time to tracheal extubation (incident rate ratio, 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10%, 44%, P = .001), 37% longer hospital length of stay (acceleration factor = 0.63, 95% CI, −43% to −30%); P < .001), and increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.3–7.1; P < .001) when compared to patients with normal phosphate levels. These associations were not found for hypophosphatemia.

CONCLUSIONS:

Hyperphosphatemia in the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Future studies will need to investigate if actively correcting the phosphate level has an impact on clinical outcomes.
Predicting Vasospasm and Early Mortality in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Model Using Serum Cytokines, Neuronal Proteins, and Clinical Data
Authors: Rindler Rima S. , Robertson Henry , De Yampert LaShondra , Khatri Vivek , Texakalidis Pavlos , Eshraghi Sheila , Grey Scott , Schobel Seth , Elster Eric A. , Boulis Nicholas , Grossberg Jonathan A.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Prediction of patient outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is limited with current clinical tools. This study aimed to improve such prognostication by combining clinical data and serum inflammatory and neuronal proteins in patients with sTBI to develop predictive models for post-traumatic vasospasm (PTV) and mortality.

METHODS:

Fifty-three adult civilian patients were prospectively enrolled in the sTBI arm of the Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i). Clinical, serum inflammatory, and neuronal protein data were combined using the parsimonious machine learning methods of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and classification and regression trees (CART) to construct parsimonious models for predicting development of PTV and mortality.

RESULTS:

Thirty-six (67.9%) patients developed vasospasm and 10 (18.9%) died. The mean age was 39.2 years; 22.6% were women. CART identified lower IL9, lower presentation pulse rate, and higher eotaxin as predictors of vasospasm development (full data area under curve (AUC) = 0.89, mean cross-validated AUC = 0.47). LASSO identified higher Rotterdam computed tomography score and lower age as risk factors for vasospasm development (full data AUC 0.94, sensitivity 0.86, and specificity 0.94; cross-validation AUC 0.87, sensitivity 0.79, and specificity 0.93). CART identified high levels of eotaxin as most predictive of mortality (AUC 0.74, cross-validation AUC 0.57). LASSO identified higher serum IL6, lower IL12, and higher glucose as predictive of mortality (full data AUC 0.9, sensitivity 1.0, and specificity 0.72; cross-validation AUC 0.8, sensitivity 0.85, and specificity 0.79).

CONCLUSION:

Inflammatory cytokine levels after sTBI may have predictive value that exceeds conventional clinical variables for certain outcomes. IL-9, pulse rate, and eotaxin as well as Rotterdam score and age predict development of PTV. Eotaxin, IL-6, IL-12, and glucose were predictive of mortality. These results warrant validation in a prospective cohort.
The myoarchitecture of the vertebrate cardiac ventricles: evolution and classification
Authors: López-Unzu Miguel A. , Teresa Soto-Navarrete María , Sans-Coma Valentín , Fernández Borja , Carmen Durán Ana
Published: October 2024

The ventricle of the vertebrate heart is the main segment of the cardiac outflow region. Compared with other cardiac components, it shows remarkable histomorphological variation among different animal groups. This variation is especially apparent in the myocardium, which is generally classified into three main types: trabeculated, compact and mixed. The trabeculated or ‘spongy’ myocardium is characterized by the existence of trabeculae and deep recesses or intertrabecular spaces, lined by the endocardium. The compact type is composed of condensed myocardial fibers, with almost no trabeculated layer. The mixed type consists of an outer compact layer and an inner trabeculated layer. Among vertebrates, fishes show a great diversity of myocardial types. On this basis, the ventricular myoarchitecture has been categorized into four groups of varying complexity. This classification is made according to (i) the proportion of the two types of myocardium, trabeculated versus compact, and (ii) the vascularization of the heart wall. Here, we review the morphogenetic mechanisms that give rise to the different ventricular myoarchitecture in gnathostomes (i.e. jawed vertebrates) with special emphasis on the diversity of the ventricular myocardium throughout the phylogeny of ancient actinopterygians and teleosts. Finally, we propose that the classification of the ventricular myoarchitecture should be reconsidered, given that the degrees of myocardial compactness on which the current classification system is based do not constitute discrete states, but an anatomical continuum.
Molecular docking, synthesis and preliminary evaluation of hybrid molecules of benzothiazole cross-linked with hydroxamic acid by certain linkers as HDAC inhibitors
Authors: Abdul-Hameed Yazen , Alwan Shakir Mahmood , Dawood Ashour Humood
Published: October 2024

Background Molecular hybridization in drug design is proved to be very successful approach to provide new chemical entities with potential activities and desirable physicochemical properties. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in controlling the behavior and acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins and their inhibition causes block of cell growth, differentiation, changes in gene expression, and death. Consequently, HDAC inhibitors may lead to anticytotoxic activity. An approach of synthesizing hybrid molecules of benzothiazole cross-linked with hydroxamic acid via an amino acid or aminoalkanoic acid was considered. This approach is expected to optimize the anticytotoxic activity of the proposed compounds. Methods Hybrid molecules of benzothiazole cross-linked with hydroxamic acid (2A-E) were synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by spectral analyses (FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). These were subjected to molecular docking on HDAC8 (PDB ID: 1T69). Computational methods were employed using the SwissADME server to predict the ADME parameters and other physicochemical properties. The cytotoxicity evaluation was performed using MTT colorimetric assay. Results Hybrids (2A-E) recorded lower ΔG (-6.322 to - 9.46) than Vorinostat (SAHA, -5.375). ΔG is an affinity scoring function (kcal/mol) and is employed to rank the candidate poses as the sum of the electrostatic and Van der Waals energies. Benzothiazole cross-linked with hydroxamic acid by a p-aminobenzoic acid (2E) has recorded the lowest docking score of -9.460 and this may refer to the possibility of high inhibitory activity. The hybrids showed no violation from Lipinski’s rule and complied with parameters with low possible passive oral absorption and no penetration into BBB. Hybrid molecules of benzothiazole recorded very interesting results, particularly, 2D and 2E which showed significant and remarkable activity. Conclusions Hybrid molecules of benzothiazole cross-linked with hydroxamic acid recorded very interesting results, particularly, compounds 2D and 2E which showed significant and remarkable activity on lung cancer cell line type A549.
Unleashing the cardioprotective potential of Ezetimibe against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: Targeting oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation
Authors: Sabry Aya Thaer , AL-Zobaidy Mohammed AH Jabarah
Published: October 2024

Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent antineoplastic agent used in treating various adult and pediatric cancers, but it tends to provoke dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Ezetimibe (EZE), a cholesterol-lowering drug, has been reported to possess defensive actions against oxidative stress and inflammation, which are two of the main proposed mechanisms underlying the development of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), hence, we aimed to inspect the possible protective effect of EZE against DIC in rats. Methods 24 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups of six: control, DOX, 10 mg/kg EZE plus DOX and 20 mg/kg EZE plus DOX. At the end of the study, the experimental rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, after which the hearts were excised and heart tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and gene expression analyses. Results Pretreatment with EZE at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg alleviated cardiac damage induced by DOX, as EZE blunted the rise in serum levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, including cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Additionally, pretreating rats with EZE at either dose mitigated DOX-induced oxidative stress by elevating the levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), with consequent reduction in the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) in cardiac tissues. Furthermore, pretreatment with either dose of EZE hindered DOX-mediated inflammation, where EZE suppressed cardiac nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and negatively regulated the gene expression of its downstream proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with either dose and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) with the higher one. Conclusions Our findings indicate that EZE exhibited cardioprotection against DIC in rats, which makes EZE an interesting area for further investigations, animal- and human-wise, that can pave the way for a potential clinical application in preventing DIC in the future.
Profiling of linear B-cell epitopes against human coronaviruses in pooled sera sampled early in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bach Emil , Ghanizada Mustafa , Kirkby Nikolaj , Buus Søren , Østerbye Thomas
Published: October 2024

Background Antibodies play a key role in the immune defence against infectious pathogens. Understanding the underlying process of B cell recognition is not only of fundamental interest; it supports important applications within diagnostics and therapeutics. Whereas conformational B cell epitope recognition is complicated to decipher, linear B cell epitopes offer a straightforward approach that can be reduced to peptide recognition. Methods We utilised an overlapping peptide approach encompassing the proteomes of the seven human-infecting coronaviruses. Pooled sera from eight PCR-confirmed COVID-19 convalescents and eight pre-pandemic controls were analysed. 13-mer peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids were synthesised and incubated with the pooled sera. Fluorochrome-labelled anti-IgG and -IgA antibodies were applied to detect antibody-peptide interactions. Strong antibody interactions spanning consecutive peptides were identified as 'high-fidelity regions' (HFRs) and mapped to coronavirus proteomes using a 60% homology threshold for clustering. Results We found 333 HFRs derived from human coronaviruses. Among these, 98 (29%) mapped to SARS-CoV-2, 144 (44%) to one or more common cold coronaviruses (CCC), and 54 (16%) cross-mapped to both SARS-CoV-2 and CCCs. The remaining 37 (11%) mapped to either SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. Notably, COVID-19 serum favoured SARS-CoV-2-mapped HFRs, while pre-pandemic serum favoured CCC-mapped HFRs. The primary targets for linear B cell epitopes were the ORF1ab protein (60%), spike protein (21%), and nucleoprotein (15%) in absolute numbers; however, the order was reversed in terms of epitope density. Conclusion We identified linear B cell epitopes across coronaviruses, highlighting pan-, alpha-, beta-, or SARS-CoV-2-corona-specific B cell recognition patterns. These insights could aid in understanding past and present coronavirus exposures. Additionally, our results indicate potential cross-reactivity of pre-pandemic anti-CCC antibodies with SARS-CoV-2, possibly influencing COVID-19 outcomes. Lastly, our methodology offers a rapid and thorough approach to high-resolution linear B-cell epitope mapping, which is crucial for future studies of emerging infectious diseases.
The genome sequence of the Sprawler moth, Asteroscopus sphinx Hufnagel, 1766
Authors: Hammond James ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Asteroscopus sphinx (the Sprawler moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 857.30 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome and a putative B chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.35 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. (Poaceae)
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Fay Michael F. ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Phragmites australis (the common reed; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Poales; Poaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 848.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 24 chromosomal pseudomolecules, supporting the specimen being an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 48). The three mitochondrial assemblies had lengths of 304.58, 92.24, and 76.54 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly had a length of 137.67 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 47,513 protein-coding genes.
Wyznanie rosyjskiego jurgeltnika.
Authors: Ciesielski Tomasz
Published: October 2024

W artykule przedstawiona została działalność Antoniego ze Skrzynna Dunina w okresie przeislenia politycznego w Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1733-1736. Niezbyt zamożny, choć dobrze spokrewniony i skoligacony szlachcic, osiadły w województwie witebskim, wykorzystał bezkrólewia po śmierci Augusta II i wojnę o tron polski do podjęcia próby podniesienie swojego statusu materialnego i społecznego. Związał się z obozem prorosyjskim, co było w sumie naturalnym wyborem zważywszy na fakt, że jego żoną była córka feldmarszałka i wysokiego urzędnika carskiego księcia Iwana Trubeckiego Katarzyna, w Rzeczypospolitej występująca w źródłach pod imieniem Regina. W spisanym latem 1735 r.  memoriale-petycji adresowanej do głównodowodzącego wojskami rosyjskim w Rzeczypospolitej księcia Ludwika von Hessen-Homburg, Antoni Dunin twierdził, że nie ograniczył się do sympatyzowania z Rosją, ale oddał też konkretne usługi ambasadorowi imperatorowej Annie w Warszawie Karolowi Gustawowi von Löwenwolde, rzekomo ratując nawet jego życie, gdyż uprzedził go o planowanym ataku wojsk polskich na siedzibę ambasadorską i Pałac Saski. Związanie się z obozem prorosyjskim sprawiło, że Dunin (jak inni jego krewni) stał się zdeklarowanym zwolennikiem księcia Fryderyka Augusta II Wettina, od 17 stycznia 1734 r. koronowanego władcy Rzeczypospolitej Augusta III.
Search for an Immobile Hider on a Binary Tree with Unreliable Locational Information
Authors: Alpern Steve , Lidbetter Thomas
Published: October 2024

Exploiting Unreliable Information to Help Locate a Hidden Target

The mathematical theory of search games was originally introduced by Shmuel Gal in 1979 to model the search for an immobile target (for instance, a landmine, improvised explosive device, or a weapons cache) on a tree network (a network without cycles). A Searcher, starting at a given point, aims to find an adversarial Hider, who is trying to maximize the time till detection. Traditionally, the Searcher has no extra information once the Hider chooses his hiding spot. In practical situations, such as detecting radioactive materials or landmines, Searchers often receive additional clues. A new study by Alpern and Lidbetter models these clues as signals that help guide the Searcher’s route. These signals, though not always accurate, suggest which paths are more promising. The study shows that with this updated model, the Hider’s best strategy shifts to hiding further from the root. This enhanced approach could improve the effectiveness of mobile sensors in real-world searches.
The care certificate: person-centred care
Authors: Ellis Peter
Published: October 2024

This article provides an overview of what healthcare assistants need to understand about person-centred care, the fifth standard of the care certificate.
Hope in crisis: revisiting Erich Fromm’s dialectic of transformation
Authors: O’Donnokoé Niclas , Steffen Christopher , Langer Phil C.
Published: October 2024

In this article we explore Erich Fromm’s concept of hope within the context of contemporary social and political crises. We formulate two primary objections to his vision of a revolution of hope: the individualistic moralisation of societal problems, and the accusation that hope is persuasive and manipulative. By embedding Fromm’s ideas within a broader dialectical framework and engaging with Walter Benjamin’s thoughts on history, we reinterpret hope as a liminal, transformative state rather than a concrete, prescriptive notion. This reconceptualisation presents hope as a fundamental prerequisite for transformative political practice, emphasising its role in fostering active citizenship and collective social change. Ultimately, we argue for the critical importance of hope in navigating and overcoming the challenges of modernity.
Identity politics and the politics of difference: critical transformations in contemporary thought
Authors: KoƗoszyc Dawid
Published: October 2024

This article explores the relationship between identity politics and the politics of difference, focusing especially on the tensions that characterise this relationship within progressive theories and political discourses, and on their implications. The development of the concepts of identity and difference, as well as their limits and possibilities, are examined in relation to several theorists: Slavoj Žižek, Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva, Michel Foucault, Cornel West and Judith Butler. This is followed by a discussion of Fromm’s social psychology insofar as it anticipates the growing importance of the concepts of identity and difference within late modern culture, and insofar as it identifies a number of critical concerns around these concepts which remain relevant today.
Valoración de las marcas en situaciones de ansiedad: el rol del locus de control y de las emociones
Authors: Pina José Miguel
Published: October 2024

En este trabajo se analiza cómo los estados transitorios de ansiedad pueden tener un impacto en el valor que los individuos atribuyen a las marcas en los procesos de compra, teniendo en cuenta tanto el impacto de las emociones como el locus de control. Los resultados de un experimento con 158 estudiantes revelan que las situaciones de ansiedad acompañadas de un locus de control externo, conllevan una reacción afectiva negativa que los individuos tratan de compensar buscando marcas que potencien su lado relacional. También se observa que si la ansiedad es consecuencia de un estímulo positivo donde el locus de control es interno, el individuo siente una menor necesidad de expresión a través del consumo de marcas. Por el contrario, el valor de la marca como elemento de distinción y confianza permaneció invariable frente a los estados anímicos de los individuos.
Underlying dimensions in attitude towards technology in a sample of Spanish, German and Indian women
Authors: Vall-llovera Montse , Merma-Linares Cinthya Camila , Feliu Joel , Gil-Juarez Adriana
Published: October 2024

Background: the underrepresentation of women in the field of technology, their progressive disappearance from scientific and technological careers, as well as the disaffection towards technology by women continues to prevail despite, the efforts that are being made. This article is an analysis of the early results of a study on women's attitudes towards technology. Method: we prepared a questionnaire about attitudes towards technology building on previous investigations. By means of a convenience sampling, followed by a snowball sampling strategy, we presented a questionnaire to 497 women (Spanish, German and Indian). Results: By means of a Principal Components Analysis, we have identified two dimensions: 1) attitude related to the experience with technology entrenched in gender stereotypes; 2) attitude to the ability to teach and learn ICT. Conclusions: similarities have been shown among the groups of women of different nationalities, in terms of the interpretation of these dimensions, but not for the set of items summarized in each one of them. In addition, a third dimension was obtained in the group of women from India: attitude related to the role of gender in relation to technology
Predicción del clima motivacional a través de las características psicológicas en balonmano
Authors: Gómez-López Manuel , González-Hernández Juan , Granero-Gallegos Antonio
Published: October 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue la predicción del clima motivacional percibido y generado por los compañeros del equipo a partir de las características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento de los jugadores de balonmano. Para ello, se realizó un estudio no experimental conforme a una muestra no probabilística de 149 jugadores de balonmano de diferentes clubes de la Región de Murcia (87 varones y 62 mujeres), con una media de edad de 15.11±1.03. Se utilizaron las escalas de las Características Psicológicas para el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD) y el Clima Motivacional de los Iguales en el Deporte (PeerMCYSQ). Se realizó un análisis de correlaciones y modelos predictivos (regresión múltiple). Los resultados demostraron que a medida que aumenta el control del estrés, la evaluación sobre el rendimiento y la experiencia deportiva, aumenta la percepción de un clima motivacional a la tarea. Mientras que conforme aumenta la habilidad mental, aumenta la percepción de un clima motivacional al ego. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia de la figura del entrenador en el control del grupo y el fomento de un clima de implicación en la tarea entre sus jugadores.
Validación psicométrica de la batería UNIPSICO en valenciano/catalán: análisis de las escalas que evalúan las variables psicosociales de recursos
Authors: Llorca-Rubio José Luis , Llorca-Pellicer Marta , Gil-Monte Pedro Rafael , Gil-LaOrden Pedro
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de recurso de la Batería UNIPSICO del contexto de trabajo en valenciano/catalán. La muestra estuvo formada por 1359 participantes, todos ellos docentes de centros públicos de la provincia de Valencia. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante las escalas de la Batería UNIPSICO que evalúan factores psicosociales de recurso en el trabajo (30 ítems) que se agrupan en 5 escalas: Disponibilidad de recursos (7 ítems), Apoyo social en el trabajo (6 ítems), Retroinformación o feed-back (8 ítems), Autonomía (5 ítems), y Liderazgo transformacional (4 ítems). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y se calcularon los valores alfa de Cronbach para las escalas. Todos los ítems presentaron valores estadísticos y psicométricos adecuados. El modelo de cinco factores que reproduce la estructura original del cuestionario presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos. El valor del alfa de Cronbach resultó aceptable para las cinco escalas del instrumento. Estos resultados contribuyen a la validación psicométrica transcultural del cuestionario, permitiendo concluir que las escalas de recurso de la batería UNIPSICO, en valenciano/catalán resulta un instrumento fiable y válido para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en personal docente no universitario. Abstract The aim of this study is to analyse the psychometric properties of the resources scales of the UNIPSICO questionnaire for Valencian / Catalan version. The sample was 1,359 teachers from public centres in the province of Valencia. Data collection was carried out using the UNIPSICO questionnaire scales that evaluate psychosocial factors of resources at work (30 items) that are grouped into 5 scales: Resources (7 ítems), Social support at work (6 ítems), Feed-back (8 ítems), Autonomy (5 ítems), and Transformational leadership (4 ítems). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and Cronbach's alpha values were calculated for the scales. All items presented adequate statistical and psychometric values. The five-factor model that reproduces the original structure of the questionnaire presented an adequate fit to the data. The Cronbach's alpha value was acceptable for the five scales of the instrument. These results contribute to the cross-cultural psychometric validation of the questionnaire and they enable to conclude that the resources scales of the UNIPSICO questionnaire translated to Valencian / Catalan language are a reliable and valid instrument to assess psychosocial risks in non-university teaching personnel.
¿Psicología, crítica, transformación social? Contribuciones a la politización de la experiencia y la investigación psicológicas
Authors: Di Masso Tarditti Andrés , Carmona Moisés
Published: October 2024

Este artículo introductorio al número monográfico insiste (una vez más) en la necesidad de continuar abriendo surcos críticos en torno a la naturaleza política de la práctica psicológica como dispositivo de análisis y de acción social. Las contribuciones reunidas en el monográfico giran en torno a varios focos de reflexión para proseguir con la tarea de politizar la psicología. Estos focos incluyen: la articulación de las lógicas de reproducción y cambio social en el plano de la subjetividad; la micropolítica de la dominación y el privilegio; la politización de la experiencia social y corporal del territorio; la subalternización institucional de colectivos minoritarios; las aperturas politizadoras de las metodologías móviles; el impacto de las dimensiones psicosociales en la eficacia transformadora de las políticas públicas de participación; y el desmantelamiento del verificacionismo como pensamiento único en psicología. El monográfico pretende dar a conocer líneas histórica y geográficamente situadas de reflexión teórica y de praxis psicosocial orientadas a tantear el alcance, los límites y las contradicciones de las disciplinas “psi” en su labor de crítica social y de apoyo a procesos de transformación sociopolítica.
El endorracismo como categoría de análisis para un antirracismo crítico
Authors: Izquierdo Mora Diana , Espelt Esteve , Perdomo Rubio Alejandro , Di Masso Andrés
Published: October 2024

Ante las expresiones actuales del racismo es útil considerar que el antirracismo requiere un renovado armazón teórico y conceptual que revise de manera crítica sus basamentos. Por lo anterior, se exponen los modelos implícitos explicativos del racismo. Asimismo, se evidencian nuevas coordenadas del problema, recomponiendo las premisas del viejo racismo, nuevo racismo y los estudios de raza en Latinoamérica. El fin es avanzar conceptualmente hacia el fenómeno del endorracismo, situándolo en el debate teórico actual y proponiéndolo como un concepto clave para entender la reproducción del racismo al interior de los grupos subalternos, subrayando las categorías analíticas relevantes.
Micropolíticas del movimiento: aportes metodológicos desde la investigación cualitativa crítica
Authors: Ropert Lackington M. Teresa , Pinto de Carvalho Laís , Pellicer Cardona Isabel
Published: October 2024

Existe poco desarrollo de las implicancias teóricas, metodológicas y empíricas de adoptar una postura feminista en investigación social y urbana. En el presente texto, tres investigadoras cualitativas se aventuran al desafío que supone el ejercicio reflexivo de traer al frente y en primera persona sus posiciones onto-epistemológicas en el diseño metodológico de la investigación social, en especial cuando son aplicadas en contextos urbanos desiguales. A partir de sus propias experiencias produciendo datos cualitativos en movimiento en las ciudades de Chaitén, Santiago y Barcelona, se ofrecen lineamientos claves para hacer de la investigación cualitativa un modo de construir conocimiento consciente de las lógicas de poder, evitando así el riesgo de apellidar crítica a la disciplina sólo como una forma de rebautizarla, vacía de su impacto ético, político y práctico.
¿Incivilidad o civilidad? modificaciones del entorno urbano en la manifestación social
Authors: Berroeta Torres Héctor Rodrigo , Solano Molina Raúl , Huguet Gené Arnau , Pérez Uribe Dennys Alejandro , Vásquez Galleguillos Francisca Viviana
Published: October 2024

Desorden e incivilidad en el espacio público están asociados a una degradación del entorno urbano y a una pérdida de control que atenta contra la convivencia social. Sin embargo, la manifestación social deja huellas en el espacio que son expresión de una activación de lo común que devela el valor normativo de estas categorías. Aquí proponemos que la alteración del espacio público es una forma de tejer lo común que da continuidad a procesos de politización social. A través de entrevistas foto-elicitadas se analizan cómo son entendidas y significadas las intervenciones del espacio físico de la ciudad de Valparaíso, ocurridas durante tres meses de revuelta social en Chile, por parte de personas que simpatizan con las manifestaciones. Los resultados nos muestran que los significados que giran alrededor de las intervenciones urbanas y los elementos que las constituyen (cuerpos, textos, lugares y formas) son interpretados desde una desalienación colectiva que las legitima y valora positivamente en virtud de las funciones que se asocian y emociones que provocan. Esto permite poner en cuestión una amplia tradición de perspectivas psicosociales que asocian la alteración del entorno urbano con dinámicas de inseguridad y delincuencia.
Inteligencia Emocional Rasgo como Factor Predictor de la Satisfacción con la Vida en Estudiantes Universitarios Peruanos y Españoles: Un Estudio Transcultural
Authors: Vilca Pareja Vilma , Cejudo Javier , Rojas Zegarra María Elena , Rodríguez-Donaire Alba
Published: October 2024

Los objetivos de la presente investigación son: (1) determinar la relación existente entre las dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional rasgo y la satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes universitarios peruanos y españoles; (2) examinar las posibles diferencias entre la muestra peruana y española en las variables IER y satisfacción con la vida.; (3) Analizar las posibles diferencias de género en la muestra peruana y española en las variables estudiadas; (4)  Examinar el efecto moderador de la cultura española y peruana en la relación entre la IER y la satisfacción con la vida. La muestra total de participantes estuvo compuesta por 1220 estudiantes universitarios, 513 fueron estudiantes peruanos, (219 hombres, 294 mujeres) cuyo rango de edad oscila entre 17 y 26 años. La media = 19.66, SD = 1.57.  La muestra española fue de 707 participantes; 173 hombres, 534 mujeres, con una media = 20.45, SD = 1.88. Se utilizaron las escalas Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) y la escala de Satisfacción con la vida (SWLS). Los resultados revelaron que la IER y la satisfacción con la vida se asocian significativamente en ambas muestras. En cuanto a la comparación entre géneros, existen diferencias significativas. Finalmente se pudo evidenciar que la cultura no modera la IER y satisfacción con la vida.
Forum: Editing Black Literature from Periodicals
Authors: Mitchell Koritha , Dahn Eurie , Sweeney Brian , Knight Alisha , Hefner Brooks E. , Bilbija Marina
Published: October 2024

abstract: This forum collects scholarly analyses and process-based reflections about the intellectual and ethical labor of editing Black literature from periodicals for re-publication in codex editions. The introductory essay provides the framework for this forum by highlighting the importance of "proactive … life-affirming" literature originally written by and addressed to Black people. Four projects by contempoary scholars are included in the forum's essays, including novels by Pauline Hopkins, George Schuyler, and Duse Mohamed Ali.
The Medical Pickwick (1915–1927)—"A Monthly Literary Magazine for and by Physicians"
Authors: Galbo Sebastian C.
Published: October 2024

abstract: This article examines the history and content of a forgotten American magazine, the Medical Pickwick . Published from 1915 to 1927, the Medical Pickwick was advertised as "a monthly literary magazine for and by physicians," publishing a striking array of content, including short stories, cartoons, jokes, anecdotes, poetry, autobiography, medical histories, book reviews, and much more. Digitized primary sources, specifically issues of the magazine and medical journals, are studied closely to narrate how medical professionals viewed and employed the Medical Pickwick as a publication. Mainly concerned as a project of recovery, this article situates the magazine within the context of ongoing discussions among researchers working at the intersection of medicine and literature, investigating how its varied content can provide insight into issues germane to the interests of both literary researchers and medical historians. Of particular importance is how its physician-based readership leveraged the magazine to pursue literary and humanistic projects, finding in the Medical Pickwick a venue that explicitly avoided printing technical material. The magazine, rather, was established and edited as a publication that attempted to draw physicians' attention to creative work that would distract them from the challenges of their careers. In what is only a brief exposition of this magazine's many pages, this article aims to stimulate future research into its texts and visual culture.
Multi-parameter optimization of polarization gradient cooling for 87Rb atoms based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Liang Changwen , Gao Shaojun , Liu Jixun , Wang Guochao , Yan Shuhua , Yang Jun , Zhu Lingxiao , Ma Xiaoxiao
Published: October 2024

Polarization gradient cooling (PGC) plays an important role in many cold atom applications including the formation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and cooling of single atoms. Traditional parameter optimization of PGC usually relies on subjective expertise, faces challenges in fine manipulation, and exhibits low optimization efficiency. Here, we propose a segmented control method that differs from the traditional PGC process by expanding the experiment parameters from 3 to 30. Subsequently, the conventional timing optimization problem is reformulated as a Markov decision process (MDP), and the experiment parameters are optimized using a reinforcement learning model. With proper settings of hyperparameters, the learning process exhibits good convergence and powerful parameter exploration capabilities. Finally, we capture ∼4.3 × 108 cold atoms, with a phase space density of ∼7.1 × 10−4 at a temperature of ∼3.7 µK in ∼18.8 min. Our work paves the way for the intelligent preparation of degenerate quantum gas.
Diffusion-model-based inverse problem processing for optically-measured sound field
Authors: Di Hao , Oikawa Yasuhiro , Ishikawa Kenji
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a diffusion-model-based method for addressing inverse problems in optical sound-field imaging. Optical sound-field imaging, known for its high spatial resolution, measures sound by detecting small variations in the refractive index of air caused by sound but often suffers from unavoidable noise contamination. Therefore, we present a diffusion model-based approach for sound-field inverse problems, including denoising, noisy sound-field reconstruction and extrapolation. During inference, sound-field degradation is introduced into the inverse denoising process, with range-null space decomposition used as a solver to handle degradation, iteratively generating degraded sound-field information. Numerical experiments show that our method outperforms other deep-learning-based methods in denoising and reconstruction tasks, and obtains effective results in extrapolation task. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of our model to the real world.
Stimulated Raman scattering and enhancement mechanisms in alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solutions under laser-induced dynamic pressure
Authors: Dou Zhenguo , Xing Lu , Wang Haixin , Fang Wenhui , Li Aijun , Jia Erna , Men Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in lithium hydroxide-water/heavy water (LiOH-H2O/D2O) solutions with varying concentrations was investigated under laser-induced high-pressure conditions using an Nd: YAG laser. The spectra revealed a significant enhancement in SRS signals, characterized by the emergence of low-wavenumber Raman peaks and a shift of the main SRS peak of liquid water to lower frequencies, evolving from a single peak to two or three peaks, which suggested the formation of an ice-like structure. Additionally, the normalized SRS intensity was higher than that of pure water. The enhancement of SRS signals during LiOH dissolution was attributed to the cooperative modulation between hydrogen bonding (HB, O-H:O) by OH- and Coulombic electronic interactions generated by monovalent Li+, which strengthened HB interactions, increased the Raman gain coefficient, and induced structural modifications akin to pressure effects. Besides, the increased density amplified the dynamic high-pressure effects during the laser-induced breakdown (LIB) process, further boosting the SRS signals. This work provides valuable insights into the interaction mechanisms between alkali metal hydroxides and H2O/D2O under laser-induced pressure conditions, offering a comprehensive approach to understanding and enhancing the SRS effect in aqueous solutions.