bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic features of AdS black holes within the rastall gravity and perfect fluid matter framework
Authors: Laassiri H , Daassou A , Benbrik R
Published: May 2024

In this study, we analyzed the impact of a perfect fluid on the phase transition of Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes within the Rastall gravitational background. Compared to similar studies in the literature, the findings of this work are highlighted by the determination of analytical expressions for critical points for charged and Kerr-Newman AdS black holes using approximated formulas for the horizon radius. An accurate analysis of these new analytical expressions allowed us to discover a new viable condition that relates the Rastall parameter κ
λ to the equation of state parameter ω, expressed as:

κ
λ
=

ω

1
+
ω

. Thanks to this new condition, we were able to reproduce all the analytical expressions of critical points calculated within the framework of Einsteinâs general relativity for two cases: a charged AdS black hole and a rotating AdS black hole. These findings suggest that Rastall gravity, considering this new condition, could serve as an alternative theory of gravitation to general relativity. The approximate expression of the horizon radius also enabled the exploration of the distinctiveness of fractional-order phase transitions in these AdS black holes. Furthermore, we calculated the critical exponents, offering insights into the behavior of crucial thermodynamic quantities near the inflection point. Examining how a perfect fluid influences phase transition reveals various critical behaviors, demonstrating that the variation in the phase transition depends on the intensity of the perfect fluid. Notably, this variation is portrayed by a linearly increasing trajectory with the escalation of this intensity.
Simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity using a dual-parameter sensor based on SPR and no-core fiber technology
Authors: Song Mingshi , Jing Xili , Yin Zhiyong
Published: May 2024

In this article, we present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a no-core fiber (NCF) structure for simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity. The sensor is simulated by depositing a silver film on the exterior of the NCF by magnetron sputtering, followed by the application of a composite thin film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This configuration induces SPR resonance phenomena at two distinct wavelengths, resulting in the splitting of the resonance peak into two distinct peaks, enabling simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity. To achieve optimal sensor performance, the thickness of the PDMS-PVA composite film, the proportion of sensitive materials, the thickness of the silver film, and the structural parameters of the fiber were optimized. Simulation results show that the sensor exhibits a humidity sensitivity of 8.60 nm/%RH over a relative humidity (RH) range of 50%–100%. The highest temperature detection sensitivity achieved is 7.40 nm °C−1. This sensor holds great potential for applications in monitoring changes in environmental temperature and humidity.
A brief review on rare-earth chromites: synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Qahtan Aref A A , Zarrin Naima , Fatema Mehroosh , Al-Shamiri Hamdan A S , Khan Wasi , Husain Shahid
Published: May 2024

The enthralling multiferroic and magnetoelectric characteristics, reasonably higher electrical conductivity, and oxidation resistive nature of the rare earth chromites (RCrO3) (R = rare earth ion) systems with distorted orthorhombic perovskite’s structure have drawn significant curiosity among researchers in the domain of perovskites materials. Though there are copious studies on the numerous ways to synthesize perovskites, but no reviews of the rare-earth chromites could be identified in the literature. Therefore, in this review, we concisely reflect upon the vast literature that has been accumulated in the past years concerning the synthesis, properties and applications of rare-earth chromites.
Braneworlds in warped Einsteinian cubic gravity
Authors: Lessa L.A. , Maluf R.V. , Silva J.E.G. , Almeida C.A.S.
Published: May 2024

Einstenian cubic gravity (ECG) is a modified theory of gravity constructed with cubic
contractions of the curvature tensor. This theory has the remarkable feature of having the same
two propagating degrees of freedom of Einstein gravity (EG), at the perturbative level on
maximally symmetric spacetimes. The additional unstable modes steaming from the higher order
derivative dynamics are suppressed provided that we consider the ECG as an effective field theory
wherein the cubic terms are seen as perturbative corrections of the Einstein-Hilbert term.
Extensions of ECG have been proposed in cosmology and compact objects in order to probe if this
property holds in more general configurations. In this work, we construct a modified ECG gravity
in a five dimensional warped braneworld scenario. By assuming a specific combination of the cubic
parameters, we obtained modified gravity equations of motion with terms up to second-order. For a
thin 3-brane, the cubic-gravity corrections yield an effective positive bulk cosmological
constant. Thus, in order to keep the 5D bulk warped compact, an upper bound of the cubic parameter
with respect to the bulk curvature was imposed. For a thick brane, the cubic-gravity terms modify
the scalar field potential and its corresponding vacuum. Nonetheless, the domain-wall structure
with a localized source is preserved. At the perturbative level, the Kaluza-Klein (KK) tensor
gravitational modes are stable and possess a localized massless mode provided the cubic
corrections are small compared to the EG braneworld.
Radial oscillations of hybrid stars and neutron stars including delta baryons: the effect of a slow quark phase transition
Authors: Rather Ishfaq A. , Marquez Kauan D. , Backes Betânia C. , Panotopoulos Grigoris , Lopes Ilídio
Published: May 2024

We study radial oscillations of hybrid neutron stars composed of hadronic external layers
followed by a quark matter core. We employ a density-dependent relativistic mean-field model
including hyperons and Δ baryons to describe hadronic matter, and a density-dependent
quark model for quark matter. We obtain the ten lowest eigenfrequencies and the corresponding
oscillation functions of N, N+Δ, N+H, and N+H+Δ equations-of-state with a phase
transition to the quark matter at 1.4 and 1.8 M
⊙, focusing on the effects of a slow
phase transition at the hadron-quark interface. We observe that the maximum mass is reached before
the fundamental mode's frequency vanishes for slow phase transitions, suggesting that some stellar
configurations with higher central densities than the maximum mass remain stable even when they
undergo small radial perturbations. Future gravitational wave detectors and multi-messenger
astronomy, complemented by robust microscopic models enabling exploration of various neutron star
compositions, including hyperon content, are anticipated to impose precise limitations on the
equation of state of baryonic matter under high-density conditions.
On the late-time evolution of velocity-dependent self-interacting dark matter halos
Authors: Gad-Nasr Sophia , Boddy Kimberly K. , Kaplinghat Manoj , Outmezguine Nadav Joseph , Sagunski Laura
Published: May 2024

We study the evolution of isolated self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halos that undergo gravothermal collapse and are driven deep into the short-mean-free-path regime.
We assume spherical Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) halos as initial conditions and allow for elastic dark matter self-interactions.
We discuss the structure of the halo core deep in the core-collapsed regime and how it depends on the particle physics properties of dark matter, in particular, the velocity dependence of the self-interaction cross section. We find an approximate universality deep in this regime that allows us to connect the evolution in the short- and long-mean-free-path regimes, and approximately map the velocity-dependent self-interaction cross sections to constant ones for the full gravothermal evolution. We provide a semi-analytic prescription based on our numerical results for halo evolution deep in the core-collapsed regime.
Our results are essential for estimating the masses of the black holes that are likely to be left in the core of SIDM halos.
Constant-roll inflation with non-minimally derivative coupling
Authors: Liu Jie , Gong Yungui , Yi Zhu
Published: May 2024

We investigate the constant-roll inflation with non-minimally kinetic coupling to the Einstein tensor. With the slow-roll parameter

η

ϕ

=
−

ϕ

̈

/

(
H

ϕ

̇

)

being a constant, we calculate the power spectra for scalar and tensor perturbations, and derive the expressions for the scalar spectral tilt n

s
, the tensor spectral tilt n

T
, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. We find that the expressions for n

s
are different with different ordering of taking the derivative of the scalar power spectrum with respect to the scale k and the horizon crossing condition c

s

k = aH in the constant-roll inflation, the consistency relation r = − 8n

T
does not hold if ∣η

ϕ
∣ is not small, and the duality of the tensor-to-scalar ratio between the slow-roll inflation and ultra-slow-roll inflation does not exist in inflationary models with non-minimally derivative coupling. The result offers a fresh perspective on the understanding of the inflationary models with non-minimally derivative coupling and is helpful for the production of scalar induced gravitational waves in the framework of ultra-slow-roll inflation with non-minimally derivative coupling.
Multi-party semi-quantum secret sharing protocol based on measure-flip and reflect operations
Authors: Li Jian , Ye Chong-Qiang
Published: May 2024

Semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) protocols serve as fundamental frameworks in quantum secure multi-party computations, offering the advantage of not requiring all users to possess intricate quantum devices. However, current SQSS protocols mainly cater to bipartite scenarios, with few protocols suitable for multi-party scenarios. Moreover, the multi-party SQSS protocols face limitations such as low qubit efficiency and inability to share deterministic secret information. To address this gap, this paper proposes a multi-party SQSS protocol based on multi-particle GHZ states. In this protocol, the quantum user can distribute the predetermined secret information to multiple classical users with limited quantum capabilities, and only through mutual cooperation among all classical users can the correct secret information be reconstructed. By utilizing measure-flip and reflect operations, the transmitted multi-particle GHZ states can all contribute keys, thereby improving the utilization of transmitted particles. Then, security analysis shows that the protocol’s resilience against prevalent external and internal threats. Additionally, employing IBM Qiskit, we conduct quantum circuit simulations to validate the protocol’s accuracy and feasibility. Finally, compared to similar studies, the proposed protocol has advantages in terms of protocol scalability, qubit efficiency, and shared message types.
Absence of BCS–BEC crossover in FeSe0.45Te0.55 superconductor
Authors: Jia 贾 Junjie 俊杰 , Gu 谷 Yadong 亚东 , Yin 殷 Chaohui 超辉 , Shu 束 Yingjie 英杰 , Chen 陈 Yiwen 逸雯 , Shi 史 Jumin 聚民 , Zhang 张 Xing 杏 , Chen 陈 Hao 浩 , Miao 苗 Taimin 泰民 , Ren 任 Xiaolin 晓琳 , Liang 梁 Bo 波 , Zhu 朱 Wenpei 文培 , Cai 蔡 Neng 能 , Zhang 张 Fengfeng 丰丰 , Zhang 张 Shenjin 申金 , Yang 杨 Feng 峰 , Wang 王 Zhimin 志敏 , Peng 彭 Qinjun 钦军 , Xu 许 Zuyan 祖彦 , Mao 毛 Hanqing 寒青 , Liu 刘 Guodong 国东 , Ren 任 Zhian 治安 , Zhao 赵 Lin 林 , Zhou 周 Xing-Jiang 兴江
Published: May 2024

In iron-based superconductor Fe(Se,Te), a flat band-like feature near the Fermi level was observed around the Brillouin zone center in the superconducting state. It is under debate whether this is the evidence on the presence of the BCS–BEC [Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS), Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC)] crossover in the superconductor. High-resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on high quality single crystals of FeSe0.45Te0.55 superconductor to address the issue. By employing different polarization geometries, we have resolved and isolated the d
yz
band and the topological surface band, making it possible to study their superconducting behaviors separately. The d
yz
band alone does not form a flat band-like feature in the superconducting state and the measured dispersion can be well described by the BCS picture. We find that the flat band-like feature is formed from the combination of the d
yz
band and the topological surface state band in the superconducting state. These results reveal the origin of the flat band-like feature and rule out the presence of BCS-BEC crossover in Fe(Se,Te) superconductor.
Deformation and mutual influence of two cylindrical water columns in tandem subjected to shock wave
Authors: Hong 洪 Zhen-Yu 振宇 , Song 宋 Yang 洋 , Wang 王 Rui 睿 , Ma 马 Zong-Qiang 宗强 , Ma 马 Dong-Jun 东军 , Wang 王 Pei 裴
Published: May 2024

The interaction between shock waves and multiple cylinders, referred to as shock–cylinder interaction (SCI), is an important phenomenon in science and engineering. However, its underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. This study entailed the numerical simulation of the aerobreakup of two tandem water columns subjected to a high-speed gas flow by using an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR)-based diffusion-interface model. The objective was to elucidate the changes in water–column deformation patterns over a wide range of Weber numbers. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the deformation of the water columns in vertical directions. Results reveal distinct deformation patterns between the two columns as the Weber number increases. Additionally, an extended exponential stretching law model was devised, and its improved capability to predict the deformation patterns was demonstrated.
Divertor-safe nonlinear burn control based on a SOLPS parameterized core-edge model for ITER
Authors: Graber Vincent , Schuster Eugenio
Published: May 2024

For ITER operations, the range of desirable burning-plasma regimes with high fusion power output will be restricted by various operational constraints. These constraints include the saturation of ITER’s various heating and fueling actuators such as the neutral beam injectors, the ion and electron cyclotron heating systems, the gas puffing system, and the deuterium–tritium pellet injectors. In addition to these actuator constraints, the H-mode power threshold, divertor detachment, and the heat load on the divertor targets may apply limitations to ITER’s operational space. In this work, Plasma Operation Contour (POPCON) plots that map the aforementioned constraints to the temperature-density space are used to investigate which constraints are most limiting towards accessing regimes with high fusion power output. The presented POPCON plots are based on a control-oriented core-edge model that couples the nonlinear density and energy response models for the core-plasma region with SOLPS4.3 parameterizations for conditions in the edge-plasma regions (scrape-off-layer and divertor). Using this control-oriented core-edge model, a nonlinear burn controller, which aims to regulate the plasma temperature and density in the core-plasma region, is constructed in this work. This controller is augmented with an online optimization scheme that governs the control references such that the plasma can be guided towards regimes with high fusion powers while protecting the divertor targets from dangerously high heat loads. A closed-loop simulation study illustrates the capability of this burn control scheme.
Turbulent particle pinch in gyrokinetic flux-driven ITG/TEM turbulence
Authors: Imadera Kenji , Kishimoto Yasuaki , Ishizawa Akihiro
Published: May 2024

Aiming at a fuel supply through particle pinch effects, turbulent particle transport is studied by gyrokinetic flux-driven Ion-Temperature-Gradient/Trapped-Electron-Mode (ITG/TEM) simulations. It is found that ITG/TEM turbulence can drive ion particle pinch by E × B drift (n ≠ 0) when the ion temperature gradient is steep enough. Electron particle pinch is also driven by E × B drift (n ≠ 0) in the case with the steep electron temperature gradient. Such an electron particle pinch can trigger an ambipolar electric field, leading to additional ion particle pinch by not only magnetic drift but also E × B drift (n = 0). These results suggest that a density peaking of bulk ions due to turbulent fluctuations can be achieved by sufficiently strong both ion and electron heating.
A macroporous composite sponge with high water absorbency and active coagulation mechanism for traumatic hemostasis and anti-infection
Authors: Du Xinchen , Zhang Tongxing , Li Tong , Sun Taosheng , Liu Yadong
Published: May 2024

The development of a composite sponge with high water absorbency and active coagulation mechanism for traumatic hemostasis and anti-infection remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a composite sponge using gelation, swelling, and freeze-drying methods based on quaternized chitosan, succinimidyl-modified F127, and bioactive glass. The sponge exhibited macroporous structure, high porosity, and water absorbency. When exposed to blood, it strongly interacted with blood cells, promoting their adhesion, aggregation, and activation. Moreover, it activated the intrinsic coagulation pathway. The sponge/powder demonstrated superior hemostatic capacity to commercial gauze, gelatin sponge, Yunnan Baiyao, and chitosan hemostatic powder in rat tail amputation, liver superficial injury, liver resection, and liver semi-perforation wound models. The sponge also presented robust anti-infection activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, the sponge showed low cytotoxicity, hemolysis activity, inflammation response, and systemic toxicity, demonstrating its favorable biocompatibility.
Controlled delivery of procyanidin through magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) to improve the activity and mineralization of osteoblasts under oxidative stress in vitro
Authors: Lu Shihua , Zhu Yingli , Lin Jianfan , Li Yufei , Wu Lili
Published: May 2024

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment of osteoporosis (OP) not only accelerate the bone absorption, but also affect the osteogenic and mineralized effect of osteoblasts. Procyanidins (PC) have been reported to have anti-oxidation effects, but low bioavailability. This study aimed to explore the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-PC NPs)-loaded PC on the osteogenesis and mineralization of osteoblasts that stimulated by H2O2. PC was loaded onto MgO NPs and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After primary screening by cytotoxicity assay, MgO-PC NPs containing 20 μM of PC were chosen for further studies. In H2O2-stimulated osteoblasts, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe, Cell Counting Kit-8, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase staining/activity and Alizarin red staining were used to detect the ROS production, cell viability and osteogenic and mineralized markers of osteoblasts. PC was loaded onto MgO NPs to successfully receive MgO-PC NPs with a diameter of about 144 nm and negative potential. PC can sustain release from MgO-PC NPs for at least 16 d. The controlled release of PC from MgO-PC NPs can effectively eliminate ROS and thereby promoted the cell activity. Most importantly, the osteogenesis and mineralization of osteoblasts under oxidative stress were also significantly reversed by MgO-PC NPS. Thus, these findings indicate that MgO-PC NPs may be developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for OP.
Groundwater exhibits spatially opposing trends during the Australian Millennium Drought
Authors: Chen Yuyin , Zhang Yongqiang , Tian Jing , Nourani Vahid , Ma Ning , Zhang Xuanze , Xu Zhenwu , Huang Qi , Tang Zixuan , Wei Haoshan , Yang Xuening
Published: May 2024

The adverse impacts of Australia’s Millennium Drought on both surface and groundwater hydrological systems are extensively documented. During the Millennium Drought, the Murray Basin experienced a severe rainfall deficit. Our study revisited groundwater table trends in 451 wells within the Murray Basin during the drought from 1997 to 2009. These trends varied, 70% showed significant downward shifts, 19% were insignificant, and 11% even displayed upward trends. The results from K-means clustering analysis indicate a markedly slow recuperation of groundwater levels post-drought. We used multiple regression models to link interannual groundwater dynamics with climate variables, revealing climate as the primary driver of declining groundwater levels. This connection is influenced by land cover and thickness of the vadose zone, resulting in hysteresis effects and spatial variations. In cases with a thick vadose zone and minimal evapotranspiration, the influence of the Millennium Drought on the groundwater system is reduced. The increasing trends may also be related to lateral recharge from mountainous areas, human activities in adjacent irrigation districts, and east-west geostress. Our findings reveal the complex interactions between climate, land characteristics, and groundwater behavior during and after the Millennium Drought, holding significant implications for understanding hydrological processes under extreme drought conditions and for the sustainable management of water resources.
Widespread impacts to precipitation of the East Palestine Ohio train accident
Authors: Gay David A , Blaydes Katelan , Schauer James J , Shafer Martin
Published: May 2024

On 3 February 2023, a Norfolk Southern train derailment occurred in East Palestine, Ohio. The accident and subsequent fire resulted in the emissions of large amounts of hazardous compounds to the ambient atmosphere over many days. We used precipitation chemistry measurements routinely collected by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) to estimate the spatial extent and chemical compounds deposited as a result of the accident. Our measurements revealed a large areal impact from the Midwest through the Northeast and likely Canada, and perhaps as far south as North Carolina (portions of 16 states, 1.4 million km2). Observations showed the expected high chloride concentrations, but also unexpectedly high pH (basic) and exceptionally elevated levels of base cations exceeding 99th percentiles versus the historic record. These results were consistent with the meteorological conditions and atmospheric trajectories, and were not due to highly-concentrated low volume precipitation samples or wildfires. The robust measurements of the NADP network clearly show that the impacts of the fire were larger in scale and scope than the initial predictions, and likely due to the uplift from the fire itself entraining pollutants into the atmosphere. A more detailed evaluation of the accident and resulting fire could further refine the full impact of the atmospheric concentrations, dry and wet deposition, and the more specific extent of the spatial impact.
Evaluation of GSMap (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation) with the reference to rain gauge observations in Banjarbaru City, Indonesia
Authors: Helda N , Nashrullah E , Wijayanto M R , Noralamsyah M , Jannah N , Erisa E , Saputri D S
Published: May 2024

Climate change as one of the essential impacts of global warming in the last few decades, has resulted many disasters in different ways, i.e., floods and landslides, as the effect of extreme rainfall events. At the end of February 2023, a severe flood event occurred in Banjarbaru City, resulted an inundation in many areas. A flood control system is recommended to face this problem. In this research, the flood control presented is a non-structural method by analyzing rainfall data based on field data and GSMaP satellite-based rainfall data. This research aims to determine the type of correlation coefficient relationship between BMKG data and GSMaP satellite-based rainfall data. The data collection includes primary data in the form of field surveys to identify rain events and secondary data obtained from GSMap satellite-based rainfall data and field rainfall data obtained from BMKG online. The Melchior design flood calculation method is used for calculating a flood-designed discharge. The results show that GSMaP data have significant values that correlate to rain gauge observations from BMKG stations in Banjarbaru City. An enough to high correlations values indicate that this GSMaP can be used as an alternative source of rainfall data for hydrological analysis, in particular to ungauged basin.
Domestic Water Consumption Behaviour Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Karang Pawitan District
Authors: Yustiana F , Adi A W
Published: May 2024

Corona virus was out breaking globally in 2020. It leads governments to impose a lockdown that restricted people contact outside their home, so everyone works, study and more activity at home. It may increase in spending food and freshwater. Lockdown has been made significant changes in behaviour and attitudes of domestic water consumption. The main objective of this research is to identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown and health protocol on domestic water consumption behaviour during pandemic by comparing it before pandemic. The research conducted by survey, interview and statistical analysis. Survey done by asks online questionnaire that consist a set questions of water consumption behaviour. Data are analysed by using likert scale. The behaviour of water consumption will be described by performance level and importance level. The results of the Likert scale analysis are plotted in a Cartesian Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) diagram. Research shows that respondents consume water efficiently in many domestic activities. The average score of the performance level is greater than the importance level, both in pre and during the pandemic. Respondents consume water more often during this pandemic than before, such as 2.76 for performance level during pandemic and 2.59 for performance level before pandemic.
Evaluation and Correction of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products (GPM) in the Upstream Part of Bengawan Solo Basin using MCCV Parameterization
Authors: Sanjaya S , Yudianto D , Fitriana F , Rusli S R
Published: May 2024

In conservative manner, water managers utilize ground station dataset for hydrology analysis. Due to spatially sparse and unreliable precipitation gauges, many have shifted to the application of remote sensing products or satellite-based precipitation products (SBPPs). One of few notable SBPPs is the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), which has shown excellent performances. Despite its significant progress, systematic biases are inevitable in the process of recording precipitation. Consequently, a simple yet effective correction process is necessary to be carried out prior to SBPPs’ wide applications. This study proposes a non-complex transformation using Monte Carlo-Cross Validation (MCCV) for its function parameterization. The rainfall products in focus are the monthly GPM 3IMERGDF V06 in the Upper Bengawan Solo Basin, in Central Java. Evaluation using several statistical functions demonstrate that the GPM IMERG is capable in capturing the monthly rainfall, supporting by the mean correlation of 0,76. After the correction process, the GPM IMERG slightly improves its performance, indicated by the reduced error of approximately 16%. This correction procedure also allows for correction of the monthly rainfall overestimation, particularly those exceeding 600 mm/month.
Dominant conservation parameters to control environmental destruction of oxbow lake in Kapuas River Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Herawati H , Kartini  , Yulianto E , Lestyowati Y , Juliastuti  , Ariva D
Published: May 2024

Global climate change has significantly impacted the ecosystem of a specific aquatic region, including its lake area. Lakes provide immense benefits in efforts to meet various needs and enhance community well-being. These include the provision of raw water for clean drinking, household and urban water supply, industry, supplemental irrigation for agriculture, hydroelectric power generation, and various other purposes. However, fluctuations in river water availability trigger adjustments in both the river flow patterns and their inherent characteristics. These modifications in land features and ecosystems have consequently brought the morphological transformations in rivers throughout the adjacent region. The characteristics and functions of oxbow lakes must be preserved, and conservation efforts must be undertaken. To maintain their functionality, it is essential to conduct a study to determine the dominant parameters that influence the characteristics of oxbow lakes. This study aims to identify the primary parameters for conservation efforts in oxbow lakes. Based on a field survey of physical conditions, most oxbow lakes exhibit suboptimal conditions, as nearly all water storage areas are already overgrown with wild vegetation and possess high sediment levels. It is essential to continuously monitor several parameters to maintain the performance of oxbow lakes. The results of this research show that the dominant parameters for the oxbow lake in west Kalimantan are divided into 3 (three) aspects: reservoir, oxbow lake embankment structure, and oxbow lake embankment crest.
Flood Analysis on Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi
Authors: Cahyono C , Juliastuti  , Setyandito O
Published: May 2024

Tempe Lake is one of the largest lakes in Wajo, Sopen, and Siddenreng Rappang in southern Sulawesi. Lake Tempe is the reservoir of his five major rivers: Bilokka, Lidaratangu, Masaka, Siddenreng, Bira and Walane. The lake offers many benefits to the community such as securing water resources, flood control, agriculture, fishing, and tourism. However, approximately 20–40 cm of silt is produced annually. This can cause flooding in the surrounding areas. Therefore, the restoration of Lake Tempe is necessary to mitigate flooding caused by continuous sedimentation. The Department of Public Works and Housing has developed a phased dredging plan to improve the capacity of Lake Tempe. Later, as no disposal sites were available, dredged materials were used to build several artificial islands along the perimeter of the lake. After the reconstruction project was completed, two major floods occurred, overtopping embankments. Therefore, the design analysis of embankments is required. Analysis indicates that two flood events occur, with a 20-year return period flood and a 50-year return period flood at elevations of 8.36 m and 9.2 m. From hydraulic analysis it is found that flood embankment height of 10 m is overtopped by water level of total 9.56 m and 10.4 m respectively because of wave run up. For a 20-year return period, there is an indication that slope stability and settlement problems affect flood events. It can be concluded that flood problems occur because of extreme events and the failure of flood embankments due to overtopping.
Microhydro Model of Waterfalls
Authors: Nurdiyanto  , Atmadja I S W , Qira’ati M , Rohman F , Hepy F M
Published: May 2024

This research was carried out by Lecturers Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Cirebon and in partnership with the Cimanuk Cisanggarung River Area Center, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing the Republic of Indonesia and the Kertawirama Village Government, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. The aim of this research is to create a microhydro model of a waterfall that will produce renewable electrical energy in branching irrigation channels and calculate the water discharge. The method used is carrying out surveys, making tools and microhydro analysis. The tool model making was carried out in the Indonesian Cihanjuang Microhydro laboratory with a TC 60 type microhydro model. The results of this research were to make a TC 60 microhydro model which was installed in a waterfall channel at the irrigation water branch. The results of the research produce: the amount of discharge in the waterfall channel is 1.50 m3/s, the amount of discharge entering the turbine is 0.012 m3/s, the difference in height of the falling water is 4 m, the amount of turbine input power is 572 watts and the output power turbine is 477 watts.
Comparison of Various Rainfall Erosivity Formulas in the Application of USLE for Erosion Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Yunita F T , Soekarno I , Nugroho J , Samskerta I P
Published: May 2024

Erosion is a complex process that results in the movement of soil particles from one place to another through a series of processes of detachment, entrainment, transport, and deposition. Erosion can cause serious environmental problems, such as loss of soil fertility, and sedimentation of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Therefore, it is important to identify and mitigate erosion problems in the management of a watershed. The erosion prediction model that is popularly used, especially in Indonesia, is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). One of the parameters in the USLE formula is the rainfall erosivity factor (R). Many formulas have been developed to calculate the R-factor. However, not all formulas are suitable for application in Indonesia. In this study, a comparison of several R formulas from various countries in the Asia Region was carried out. From the results of the comparison, it was found that for Riam Kanan Sub-watershed, the appropriate formula for rainfall erosivity is the Merritt et al. (2003) formula, while for Brantas Sub-watershed erosivity formulas from Utomo (1994) and Babu et al. (2004) is the most suitable. The results of this study can be used as a consideration in determining the appropriate rainfall erosivity formula (R) for a particular case.
Development and Field Testing of the Technical Implementation Unit for Lowland Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR BTR) for Water Level Measurement in Jejangkit Lowland Irrigation Area, South Kalimantan
Authors: Romorajausia  , Noegroho N P , Dhiaksa A , Fahlefi R
Published: May 2024

Observation of water levels using tide gauge is typically conducted by designated personnel or observers. However, its on-field implementation is deemed to be less effective due to the relatively low accuracy of readings. Additionally, hourly water level readings are necessary to generate detailed tidal patterns. Hence, Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) plays a crucial role as an alternative to tide gauge. The utilization of AWLR is considered more practical, yielding more accurate reading data. Furthermore, readings can be conducted continuously, ensuring data acquisition in all conditions. The development of the AWLR BTR system involved literature reviews, software development, hardware assembly, device testing, field trials, and data comparison with the Valeport Tide Gauge. Field trials were conducted at DIR Jejangkit, South Kalimantan. The conducted trials involved operating the AWLR BTR and comparing it with the Valeport AWLR data for validation. Through calculations, the comparison of data between AWLR BTR and AWLR Valeport demonstrates similar water level values, where the average value from AWLR BTR data is 39,69 and Valeport is 39,55. Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the water levels of AWLR BTR and AWLR Valeport is found to be 0,9976, indicating a strong positive correlation between these two data variables.
Tripartite entanglement in a detuned non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Guo Jun , Tian Jianfeng , Sun Hengxin
Published: May 2024

Continuous variable multipartite entanglement is an important resource in quantum optics and quantum information. Non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator (NOPO), generally working in a resonant regime, can generate high quality tripartite entanglement. However, the detuning in a real experiment is inevitable and sometimes necessary, for instance, in an optomechanical system. We calculate the tripartite entanglement from a detuned triply quasi-resonant NOPO. Unlike the previous literature using inseparability criterion, we use the positivity of partial transpose, a sufficient and necessary criterion, to characterize the tripartite entanglement with full inseparability generated from a detuned NOPO. We also consider the influence of the pump and signal/idler losses on the tripartite entanglement. The results show that, the tripartite entanglement could exist even with a large detuning of several times cavity linewidth, and may be better for a detuned regime than for the resonant one under some conditions. With a fixed non-zero loss which always exists in a real experiment, an appropriate value of non-zero detuning could lead to the best entanglement. What’s more, unlike the bipartite entanglement, which exists both below and above threshold, the tripartite entanglement only occurs for a nonzero classical amplitude of signal/idler field. The jumping between the tripartite and bipartite entanglement could make the NOPO become a quantum state switch element, which promises a potential application on the multiparty quantum secret sharing.
Optimization of contrast and dose in x-ray phase-contrast tomography with a Talbot-Lau interferometer
Authors: Mäkinen Henrik , Suhonen Heikki , Siiskonen Teemu , David Christian , Huotari Simo
Published: May 2024

X-ray phase-contrast imaging has become a valuable tool for biomedical research due to its improved contrast abilities over regular attenuation-based imaging. The recently emerged Talbot-Lau interferometer can provide quantitative attenuation, phase-contrast and dark-field image data, even with low-brilliance x-ray tube sources. Thus, it has become a valid option for clinical environments. In this study, we analyze the effects of x-ray tube voltage and total number of images on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and dose-weighted CNR (CNRD) calculated from tomographic transmission and phase-contrast data of a phantom sample. Constant counting statistics regardless of the voltage was ensured by adjusting the image exposure time for each voltage setting. The results indicate that the x-ray tube voltage has a clear effect on both image contrast and noise. This effect is amplified in the case of phase-contrast images, which is explained by the polychromatic x-ray spectrum and the dependence of interferometer visibility on the spectrum. CNRD is additionally affected by the total imaging time. While submerging the sample into a water container effectively reduces image artefacts and improves the CNR, the additional attenuation of the water must be compensated with a longer exposure time. This reduces dose efficiency. Both the CNR and CNRD are higher in the phase-contrast images compared to transmission images. For transmission images, and phase-contrast images without the water container, CNRD can be increased by using higher tube voltages (in combination with a lower exposure time). For phase-contrast images with the water container, CNRD is increased with lower tube voltages. In general, the CNRD does not strongly depend on the number of tomographic angles or phase steps used.
Contrasting temporal trends in low-level clouds and mid- and high-level clouds over the Indian Ocean in the last four decades (1979–2018)
Authors: Moher Jaswant , Dutta Soumi , Pant Vimlesh , Dey Sagnik
Published: May 2024

Understanding the climatic trends in cloud fraction (f

c
) and its drivers is critical in climate science. Here, we analyzed 40 years (1979–2018) of hourly f

c
data at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial scale from ERA5 to examine the trends in the 3D distribution of f

c
over the oceanic region adjacent to the Indian Subcontinent in view of its drivers. We found that the mid-level f

c
(MCF) and high-level f

c
(HCF) have increased by 0.05 and 0.05–0.12 fraction in the last four decades in this region. On the contrary, the low-level f

c
(LCF) decreased by 0.04 fraction, resulting in a net marginal increase in total f

c
. The observed contrasting trends in LCF, MCF and HCF are manifestations of the changes in sea surface temperature and meteorological conditions. Although LCF showed a regionally averaged declining trend, it has increased over the south-southwestern part of the domain. The increasing trend of MCF and HCF can be attributed to the increase in natural convection due to surface warming. Our results suggest that the observed contrasting trends might have resulted in positive radiative feedback on the Indian Ocean warming.
Secure and portable health monitoring system for cyber physical systems in internet of things
Authors: Sarkar Ankita , Jhamb Mansi
Published: May 2024

The incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into healthcare has introduced vulnerabilities within medical devices, thereby posing noteworthy risks to both patient safety and the inclusive integrity of healthcare systems. This contribution addresses the security concern of health care monitoring system. The STM32BL-475E IoT node along with its sensors provides a greener way to monitor health remotely with data privacy, along with this many such applications can be containerized to enable multiuser application in virtual set up. This paper proposes a methodology of dynamic key generation highlighting the potential for transformative healthcare advancements. The proposed work provides an improved avalanche effect of 51.6%, minimal RAM utilization of 3.49% and a randomness of 2^128 times which is very unpredictable to detect. This paper aims to integrate these technologies to create a resilient health monitoring framework with greater data indemnity. The integration of artificial intelligence with the proposed design is reserved as future work.
Investigation of the effect of antioxidant on carbon deposition of compression ignition engine for carbon emissions reduction
Authors: Bhangwar Sajjad , Luhur Ramzan , Memon Liaquat Ali , Kumar Laveet , EL Haj Assad Mamdouh
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to assess carbon deposition tendencies in mustard biodiesel with varying oxidation levels by examining residual carbon and existent gum content. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and infrared spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical components of residual carbon and existent gum in mustard biodiesel and an antioxidant before and after oxidation. The research investigated carbon deposition on the exhaust valve of a compression ignition engine using mustard biodiesel blended with clove oil as an antioxidant. The engine ran for 100 h on each fuel sample: diesel (D100), biodiesel blended fuel (B30), and clove oil (3000 ppm). After completing 100 h on each sample, engine exhaust was analyzed for carbon deposition using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Microscopy (EDX).The findings revealed increased carbon deposition when using biodiesel blended fuel compared to diesel fuel. However, the addition of an antioxidant to the biodiesel blend resulted in reduced carbon deposition. This suggests that the use of antioxidants effectively mitigated carbon buildup in the engine’s exhaust when using biodiesel blends. The aim of this study is to enhance engine performance, increase engine life, and reduce pollution in the environment.
Monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells: advancing sustainable energy options
Authors: Chauhan Shivani , Singh Rachna
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the results of a simulation-based study on lead-free perovskite tandem devices. Wide bandgap (1.8 eV) perovskite materials Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6 as the top cell and narrow bandgap (1.3 eV) perovskite materials CsSnI3 as the bottom cell make up the simulated tandem cell device, respectively. The optimisation process involves individually fine-tuning both cells under standard solar radiation conditions of 100 W/m2. The tandem cells necessitate precise current matching between the two sub-cells. The current matching condition manifests at Jsc of 16 mA cm−2 when the top and bottom cells reach an optimised thickness of 700 nm and 65 nm, respectively. The optimised tandem cell achieves a 24.47% power conversion efficiency (PCE), a high Voc of 1.7278 V, and a high fill factor of 83.72%. Furthermore, tandem solar cells’ temperature dependence is examined in the 300 K to 400 K range, revealing that efficiency decreases with temperature due to a reduction in Jsc (short-circuit current). Notably, the current matching condition is primarily influenced by the top cell, which exhibits less variation than the bottom cell. This study paves the way for developing tandem solar cells made entirely of lead-free perovskites and presents a new approach for the experimental realisation of high-power conversion efficiency.
Synergizing human expertise and AI efficiency with language model for microscopy operation and automated experiment design
*
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Checa Marti , Vasudevan Rama K
Published: May 2024

With the advent of large language models (LLMs), in both the open source and proprietary domains, attention is turning to how to exploit such artificial intelligence (AI) systems in assisting complex scientific tasks, such as material synthesis, characterization, analysis and discovery. Here, we explore the utility of LLMs, particularly ChatGPT4, in combination with application program interfaces (APIs) in tasks of experimental design, programming workflows, and data analysis in scanning probe microscopy, using both in-house developed APIs and APIs given by a commercial vendor for instrument control. We find that the LLM can be especially useful in converting ideations of experimental workflows to executable code on microscope APIs. Beyond code generation, we find that the GPT4 is capable of analyzing microscopy images in a generic sense. At the same time, we find that GPT4 suffers from an inability to extend beyond basic analyses for more in-depth technical experimental design. We argue that an LLM specifically fine-tuned for individual scientific domains can potentially be a better language interface for converting scientific ideations from human experts to executable workflows. Such a synergy between human expertise and LLM efficiency in experimentation can open new doors for accelerating scientific research, enabling effective experimental protocols sharing in the scientific community.
Optimization of Fe/Ni, Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticle synthesis process utilizing concentrated Camellia sinensis extract solution and activity evaluation through methylene blue removal reaction
Authors: Nguyen Hong Son , Nguyen Van Hoang , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Vu Ngoc Toan , Le Ngoc Hoan
Published: May 2024

In this study, we introduce a synthesis process of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) Fe/Ni and Fe/Cu utilizing concentrated Camellia sinenis extract that was optimized with a solvent ratio of ethanol/H2O 4/1 (v/v), a metal ratio of 5/1 (w/w), a total polyphenol content (TPC) in the solution of 12.5 g.l−1, pH = 3–4, 25 °C, and the reaction time ranging from 30 min to 50 min. The structural and morphological characteristics of the resulting materials were determined using several techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The maximum removal efficiency of methylene blue (MB) by BNPs Fe/Ni and Fe/Cu materials was found to be 88.60% and 91.06%, respectively, at a concentration of MB = 25 mg.l−1 and 25 °C. According to the results of the kinetic modeling study, the adsorption process of MB on the two BNPs materials followed second-order kinetics, with the maximum adsorption capacities of MB on Fe/Ni and Fe/Cu BNPs being 26.94 mg.g−1and 28.00 mg.g−1, respectively.