bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian geoacoustic inversion of 1-2 kHz seabed reflection data for layered muddy sediments
Authors: Jiang Yong-Min , Holland Charles W. , Dosso Stan , Dettmer Jan
Published: November 2022

This paper presents trans-dimensional Bayesian geoacoustic inversion of seabed reflection data for sub-bottom geoacoustic profiles and associated uncertainty estimation at the New England Mud Patch. The data considered here are wide-angle seabed reflection coefficients as a function of grazing angle and frequency measured during the 2017 Seabed Characterization Experiment. Chirp pulses over a frequency band of 1–6 kHz were transmitted by an omnidirectional acoustic source towed by a research vessel at a speed of about 4 knots and recorded at a bottom-moored hydrophone. High signal-to-noise-ratio reflection coefficients from 1–2 kHz and angular coverage of ∼15–25° are considered here for geoacoustic inversion. This frequency range is higher than for previous reflection-coefficient data sets on the Mud Patch. The angular range, although relatively narrow, includes strong Bragg resonances which provide information on the sediment layering properties. The inversion applies the viscous grain-shearing sediment acoustics model, which provides dispersive (frequency-dependent) results for sound speeds and attenuations. The seabed structure estimated here is compared to previous inversion results and to core measurements in the vicinity. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Broadband acoustic characterization of backscattering from a rough stratification surface
Authors: Weidner Elizabeth , Weber Thomas C.
Published: November 2022

This work aims to elucidate the utility and limitations of broadband scientific echo sounders in characterizing the frequency-dependent scattering from stratification interfaces. A recently published 1D acoustic backscattering model for the oceanic stratification structure was expanded for this work to consider echo sounding applications and the importance of roughness (vertical and spatial variability) along the stratification interface. The expanded model was tested in utilizing data from a recent acoustic experiment in the Kattegat basin, a region with well-documented, strong, salinity-driven stratification. A suite of broadband split-beam echosounders (45–270 kHz) provided broadband backscattering data, which were validated using high resolution in situ observations of water column structure, collected with a CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) sensor and MVP (Moving Vessel Profiler). Overall, the frequency dependence of backscattering agrees with model predictions of a gradual decay in the reflected wave amplitude from stratification structure with increasing frequency. Stratification interface roughness drives changes in frequency-dependent scattering away from a smooth surface solution as a function of different roughness regimes, primarily defined by the root-mean-squared slope of the interface. Results suggest a path to remote estimations of physical medium properties through broadband acoustic inversion.
Neural network predictions of acoustic transmission loss uncertainty
Authors: Lee Brandon M. , Johnson Jay R. , Dowling David R.
Published: November 2022

Many applications rely on predictions of acoustic transmission loss (TL) computed with numerical tools given expected environmental properties and potential circumstances. Because environmental uncertainty limits the quality of these TL predictions, methods to quantify the corresponding TL uncertainty are critical for robust decision-making and uncertainty reduction. Given the variety of needs across relevant applications, a desirable TL-uncertainty quantification method should be compatible with realistic (database-precise) descriptions of environments and uncertainties, computationally non-intrusive for the many possible Helmholtz equation solvers, and fast enough for real-time applications. Supervised machine learning provides such a method where a neural network (NN) is trained to relate TL uncertainty to spatial patterns in the existing nominal TL-field solution across a dataset of examples generated from Monte Carlo simulations. While this method has been successfully implemented for long-range, underwater propagation simulated with a 2D Parabolic Equation solver, this study will assess its capability on different computational models, environmental scenarios, and sources and degrees of uncertainties. Examples will be given, which demonstrate how data-driven learning, physical understanding, and hyperparameter optimization can be used to design the key features of this method: the NN inputs, the NN architecture, and the training dataset(s). [Work supported by the NDSEG fellowship program]
VPS34-dependent control of apical membrane function of proximal tubule cells and nutrient recovery by the kidney
Authors: Rinschen Markus M. , Harder Jennifer L. , Carter-Timofte Madalina E. , Zanon Rodriguez Luis , Mirabelli Carmen , Demir Fatih , Kurmasheva Naziia , Ramakrishnan Suresh K. , Kunke Madlen , Tan Yifan , Billing Anja , Dahlke Eileen , Larionov Alexey A. , Bechtel-Walz Wibke , Aukschun Ute , Grabbe Marlen , Nielsen Rikke , Christensen Erik I. , Kretzler Matthias , Huber Tobias B. , Wobus Christiane E. , Olagnier David , Siuzdak Gary , Grahammer Florian , Theilig Franziska
Published: November 2022

The lipid kinase VPS34 orchestrates autophagy, endocytosis, and metabolism and is implicated in cancer and metabolic disease. The proximal tubule in the kidney is a key metabolic organ that controls reabsorption of nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, and proteins. Here, by combining metabolomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analyses with functional and superresolution imaging assays of mice with an inducible deficiency in proximal tubular cells, we revealed that VPS34 controlled the metabolome of the proximal tubule. In addition to inhibiting pinocytosis and autophagy, VPS34 depletion induced membrane exocytosis and reduced the abundance of the retromer complex necessary for proper membrane recycling and lipid retention, leading to a loss of fuel and biomass. Integration of omics data into a kidney cell metabolomic model demonstrated that VPS34 deficiency increased β-oxidation, reduced gluconeogenesis, and enhanced the use of glutamine for energy consumption. Furthermore, the omics datasets revealed that VPS34 depletion triggered an antiviral response that included a decrease in the abundance of apically localized virus receptors such as ACE2. VPS34 inhibition abrogated SARS-CoV-2 infection in human kidney organoids and cultured proximal tubule cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Thus, our results demonstrate that VPS34 adjusts endocytosis, nutrient transport, autophagy, and antiviral responses in proximal tubule cells in the kidney.
Toxoplasma gondii Dissemination in the Brain Is Facilitated by Infiltrating Peripheral Immune Cells
Authors: Schneider Christine A. , Figueroa Velez Dario X. , Orchanian Stephanie B. , Shallberg Lindsey A. , Agalliu Dritan , Hunter Christopher A. , Gandhi Sunil P. , Lodoen Melissa B.
Published: November 2022

T. gondii
is a foodborne parasite that infects the brain and can cause fatal encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. However, there is a limited understanding of how the parasites disseminate through the brain and evade immune clearance.
Complete Genome Sequence of Anguillid Herpesvirus 1 Isolated from Imported Anguilla rostrata (American Eel) from Canada
Authors: Kole Sajal , Kim Hyoung Jun , Jung Sung-Ju
Published: November 2022

We report the full-length genome sequence (compared to reference sequences) of a variant strain of
Anguillid herpesvirus 1
(AngHV-1) isolated from imported
Anguilla rostrata
(American eel) from Canada. This should help to further identify such viruses in the North America.
Long-Read Metagenome-Assembled Genomes Improve Identification of Novel Complete Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in a Complex Microbial Activated Sludge Ecosystem
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Roberto , Nuhamunada Matin , Mohite Omkar S. , Wasmund Kenneth , Albertsen Mads , Gram Lone , Nielsen Per H. , Weber Tilmann , Singleton Caitlin M.
Published: November 2022

Cataloguing secondary metabolite (SM) potential using genome mining of metagenomic data has become the method of choice in bioprospecting for novel compounds. However, accurate biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) detection requires unfragmented genomic assemblies, which have been technically difficult to obtain from metagenomes until very recently with new long-read technologies.
Development and Validation of a Novel COVID-19 nsp8 One-Tube RT-LAMP-CRISPR Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis
Authors: Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , Sridhar Siddharth , Chan Wan-Mui , Ip Jonathan Daniel , Chu Allen Wing-Ho , Leung Kit-Hang , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Yuen Kwok-Yung , To Kelvin Kai-Wang
Published: November 2022

Accurate tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are important for timely treatment and infection control decisions. Conventional tests such as real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) require specialized equipment and are expensive.
Development and Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies against Novel Duck Reovirus in Waterfowl Species
Authors: Yun Tao , Hua Jionggang , Ye Weicheng , Chen Liu , Ni Zheng , Zhu Yinchu , Zhang Cun
Published: November 2022

NDRV disease is a new epidemic disease in waterfowl that first appeared in China. Compared with the classical DRV (CDRV), NDRV is associated with more severe symptoms, a higher mortality rate, and a broader host range.
A Novel XRE-Type Regulator Mediates Phage Lytic Development and Multiple Host Metabolic Processes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Long Xiang , Wang Xiaolong , Mao Daqing , Wu Weihui , Luo Yi
Published: November 2022

This work elucidates the novel roles of a putative XRE family TR, LfsT, in the intricate regulatory systems of
P. aeruginosa
. We found that LfsT bound directly to the core promoter regions upstream of the start codons of numerous genes involved in various processes, including phage infection, FA metabolism, SPD transport, and the T3SS, regulating as the repressor or activator.
Duck TRIM35 Promotes Tembusu Virus Replication by Interfering with RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Signaling in Duck Embryo Fibroblasts
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zheng Huijun , Liu Aixin , Wu Wanrong , Zhang Qingxiang , Jin Hui , He Qigai , Luo Rui
Published: November 2022

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), an emerging flavivirus pathogen causing a substantial drop in egg production and severe neurological disorders in duck populations, has led to massive economic losses in the global duck industry. DTMUV has employed various strategies to subvert the host's innate immune response to establish a productive infection in host cells.
Modern dextral strain controls active hydrothermal systems in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Finley Theron D. , Johnston Stephen T. , Unsworth Martyn J. , Banks Jonathan , Pana Dinu-Ion
Published: November 2022

Thermal springs in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera occur in association with several major fault zones, which may permit deep circulation of fluid through fractured reservoirs to depths greater than 2 km. Both the current stress field and the most recent kinematics of these faults likely play a significant role in localizing hydrothermal upwellings but are poorly resolved. In this paper, we present new data from structural mapping along the Columbia River, Slocan Lake, Purcell Trench, Southern Rocky Mountain Trench, and Redwall faults. Fault plane and slickenfiber orientations measured in the field indicate a previously unidentified, post-Eocene phase of dextral strike-slip kinematics on these faults, which have historically been mapped primarily as Eocene extensional structures. The NE−SW maximum principal stress required for these kinematics shares a similar orientation to the present-day stress field derived from crustal earthquake focal mechanisms, which suggests dextral slip may be a recent and ongoing development that continues at the present time. On a regional scale, there is a positive correlation between the locations of springs and regions with elevated seismicity. At the local scale, geothermal upwellings may be controlled by local zones of enhanced permeability including fault intersections and strain-transfer zones. The identification of favorable structural settings may enable discovery of hidden (a.k.a. blind) geothermal energy resources.
Supplemental Material: Fibrous calcite veins record stepwise, asymmetric opening and episodic hydrocarbon expulsion from organic-rich shales
Authors: Wang Miao , al. et
Published: November 2022

Additional details on methods and results, Figures S1–S8, and Table S1. 
Microscopic Spin Hamiltonian for a Dipolar Heisenberg Magnet LiGdF4 from EPR Measurements
Authors: Sosin S. S. , Iafarova A. F. , Romanova I. V. , Morozov O. A. , Korableva S. L. , Batulin R. G. , Zhitomirsky M. , Glazkov V. N.
Published: November 2022

Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance measurements are performed on single crystals of LiY1 ‒xGdxF4with low$$x = 0.005$$and moderate$$x = 0.05$$concentration of Gd ions. Modeling of the experimental spectra allows us to precisely determine microscopic parameters of the spin Hamiltonian of the parent LiGdF4material, including the nearest-neighbor exchange constant. The obtained parameters are further tested by comparing a strongly anisotropic Curie–Weiss temperature obtained for LiGdF4in our static magnetization measurements with theoretically computed values. We find a fine balance between principal magnetic interactions in LiGdF4, which results in a hidden magnetic frustration presumably leading to a delayed magnetic ordering and an enhanced magnetocaloric effect at low temperatures.
Chondromyxoid fibroma of the iliac bone: a brief radiological review
Authors: Alsford Samuel , Low Samantha , Mistry Alpesh
Published: November 2022

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign bone tumour most commonly located within the metaphyseal region of the long bones surrounding the knee joint. Here, we present an interesting case of a young woman in her early 20s with CMF of the left iliac bone and include a literature review of comparable studies with an emphasis on radiological findings and important differential diagnoses to be aware of in this atypical location.
Large-bowel obstruction secondary to Enterobius vermicularis pseudotumour
Authors: O'Brien Stephen , Ahmed Sami , Hayes Brian , O'Riordain Michael
Published: November 2022

Enterobius vermicularis infection is typically observed in paediatric patients and manifests with perianal pruritus, but other manifestations or ectopic presentations have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a man in his 60ss with a large-bowel obstruction with symptoms including a 4-day history of progressive abdominal pain, distension, vomiting and absolute constipation. On examination, his abdomen was distended with tinkling bowel sounds on auscultation. Cross-sectional imaging demonstrated an obstructing mass in the distal descending colon. An emergency laparoscopic Hartmann’s procedure was performed and the patient made an uneventful recovery. An intraoperative colonoscopy demonstrated numerous white threadworms in the colon. Histological analysis demonstrated a pseudotumour related to Enterobius vermicularis infection. This case represents a rare differential diagnosis for a large-bowel obstruction.
Evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 antibody in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-responsive patients with microsatellite stable/proficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma: protocol for open-label, single-arm trial
Authors: Dong Qian , Diao Yanwen , Sun Xin , Zhou Yang , Ran Jialing , Zhang Jingdong
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The prognosis of patients with advanced metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (mCRC) after multiple-line therapy remains poor due to the high tumour load, high level of malignancy and strong drug resistance. The application of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade alone for patients with microsatellite stable/proficient mismatch repair (MSS/pMMR) mCRC is ineffective. PD-1 blockade combined with antiangiogenic therapy has synergistic effects and has initially shown therapeutic effects. The aim of this trial is to explore the efficiency and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with PD-1 blockade therapy in patients with mCRC with MSS/pMMR.

Methods and analysis

The screening phase of the trial will involve administering one cycle of TKIs (fruquintinib or regorafenib). Patients will be divided into three arms—arm A (obvious response to TKIs), arm B (general response to TKIs) and arm C (poor response to TKIs)—according to their response to TKIs, as determined by significant changes in imaging findings. Patients in arm A will then receive TKIs in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody, patients in arm C will withdraw from the study, and those in arm B will continue to take TKIs for another one further cycle. Next, patients with obvious response to TKIs will be reallocated to arm A, those with general response to TKIs will stay in arm B and will continue to take TKIs, and patients with poor response to TKIs will withdraw from the study. Administration of arm A or arm B will last until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Anti-PD-1 antibody can be administered for up to 2 years. This trial will provide necessary data to improve the prognosis of patients with MSS/pMMR mCRC.

Trial registration number

NCT04483219; Pre-results.
COVID-19-related dynamic coagulation disturbances and anticoagulation strategies using conventional D-dimer and point-of-care Sonoclot tests: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Premkumar Madhumita , Loganathan Sekar , Kajal Kamal , Hazarika Amarjyoti , Soni Shiv , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Suri Vikas , Malhotra Pankaj , Singh Virendra , Duseja Ajay , Bhalla Ashish , Ahluwalia Jasmina , Kumar Narender , Kekan Kushal , Ram Sant , Singla Karan , Mahajan Varun , Yaddanapudi Narayana
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Coagulation changes associated with COVID-19 suggest the presence of a hypercoagulable state with pulmonary microthrombosis and thromboembolic complications. We assessed the dynamic association of COVID-19-related coagulation abnormalities with respiratory failure and mortality.

Design

Single-centre, prospective cohort study with descriptive analysis and logistic regression.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital, North India.

Participants

Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission between August 2020 and November 2020.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We compared the coagulation abnormalities using standard coagulation tests like prothrombin time, D-dimer, platelet count, etc and point-of-care global coagulation test, Sonoclot (glass beaded(gb) and heparinase-treated(h)). Incidence of thromboembolic or bleeding events and presence of endogenous heparinoids were assessed. Cox proportional Hazards test was used to assess the predictors of 28-day mortality.

Measurement

All patients underwent Sonoclot (glass beaded) test at admission apart from the routine investigations. In patients at risk of thromboembolic or bleeding phenomena, paired tests were performed at day 1 and 3 with Sonoclot. Activated clotting time (ACT) <110 s and peak amplitude >75 units were used as the cut-off for hypercoagulable state. Presence of heparin-like effect (HLE) was defined by a correction of ACT ≥40 s in h-Sonoclot.

Results

Of 215 patients admitted to ICU, we included 74 treatment naive subjects. A procoagulant profile was seen in 45.5% (n=5), 32.4% (n=11) and 20.7% (n=6) in low-flow, high-flow and invasive ventilation groups. Paired Sonoclot assays in a subgroup of 33 patients demonstrated the presence of HLE in 17 (51.5%) and 20 (62.5%) at day 1 and 3, respectively. HLE (day 1) was noted in 59% of those who bled during the disease course. Mortality was observed only in the invasive ventilation group (16, 55.2%) with overall mortality of 21.6%. HLE predicted the need for mechanical ventilation (HR 1.2 CI 1.04 to 1.4 p=0.00). On multivariate analysis, the presence of HLE (HR 1.01; CI 1.006 to 1.030; p=0.025), increased C reactive protein (HR 1.040; CI 1.020 to 1.090; p=0.014), decreased platelet function (HR 0.901; CI 0.702 to 1.100 p=0.045) predicted mortality at 28days.

Conclusion

HLE contributed to hypocoagulable effect and associated with the need for invasive ventilation and mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Trial registration

NCT04668404; ClinicalTrials.gov.in . Available fromhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04668404.
Associations between moral injury and ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD among help-seeking nurses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jovarauskaite Lina , Murphy Dominic , Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene Inga , Dumarkaite Austeja , Andersson Gerhard , Kazlauskas Evaldas
Published: November 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate how moral injury (MI), traumatic experiences and daily stressors were related to the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and International Classification of Diseases 11th revision specific complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms of disturbances in self-organisation (DSO) in a treatment-seeking sample of nurses.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Nurses from all regions of Lithuania participated in the study. The data were collected between April and May 2021.

Participants

A total of 206 nurses, mean age 42.34 years (SD=11.68), 97.1% women and with 65% >10 years of work experience.

Results

The prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD in the treatment-seeking sample of nurses was 9.2% and 10.2%, respectively. The results of structural equation modelling indicated an acceptable model fit for the model regarding the links between trauma exposure, daily stressors, MI, PTSD and DSO symptoms, (χ2 (df)=219.718 (123), p<0.001, Comparative Fit Index/Tucker-Lewis Index=0.937/0.922, root mean square error of approximation (90% CI)=0.062 (0.048 to 0.075), standardised root mean square residual=0.049). MI had a large effect on DSO symptoms, β=0.667, p<0.001, and a medium effect on PTSD symptoms, β=0.394, p<0.001. Daily stress but not trauma exposure was significantly related to MI, β=0.618, p<0.001.

Conclusions

The prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD in a treatment-seeking sample of nurses inform healthcare administrators, policymakers and medical staff about the demand for psychosocial interventions for healthcare workers focused on stress management to address their daily stressors and mitigate effects on MI or trauma-focused treatments for PTSD/CPTSD.

Trial registration number

NCT04817995; Pre-results.
Comparative effectiveness of paediatric kidney stone surgery (the PKIDS trial): study protocol for a patient-centred pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: Ellison Jonathan S , Lorenzo Matthew , Beck Hunter , Beck Ruth , Chu David I , Forrest Christopher , Huang Jing , Kratchman Amy , Kurth Anna , Kurth Laura , Kurtz Michael , Lendvay Thomas , Sturm Renae , Tasian Gregory
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The strength of the evidence base for the comparative effectiveness of three common surgical modalities for paediatric nephrolithiasis (ureteroscopy, shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy) and its relevance to patients and caregivers are insufficient. We describe the methods and rationale for the Pediatric KIDney Stone (PKIDS) Care Improvement Network Trial with the aim to compare effectiveness of surgical modalities in paediatric nephrolithiasis based on stone clearance and lived patient experiences. This protocol serves as a patient-centred alternative to randomised controlled trials for interventions where clinical equipoise is lacking.

Methods and analysis

The PKIDS is a collaborative learning organisation composed of 26 hospitals that is conducting a prospective pragmatic clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of ureteroscopy, shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for youth aged 8–21 years with kidney and/or ureteral stones. Embedded within clinical care, the PKIDS trial will collect granular patient-level, surgeon-level and institution-level data, with a goal enrolment of 1290 participants over a 21-month period. The primary study outcome is stone clearance, defined as absence of a residual calculus of >4 mm on postoperative ultrasound. Secondary outcomes include patient-reported physical, emotional and social health outcomes (primarily using the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System), analgesic use and healthcare resource use. Timing and content of secondary outcomes assessments were set based on feedback from patient partners. Heterogeneity of treatment effect for stone clearance and patient-reported outcomes by participant and stone characteristics will be assessed.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is approved by the central institutional review board with reliance across participating sites. Participating stakeholders will review results and contribute to development dissemination at regional, national and international meetings.

Trial registration number

NCT04285658; Pre-results.
Protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study expanding, implementing and evaluating electronic health record-integrated patient-reported symptom monitoring in a multisite cancer centre
Authors: Garcia Sofia F , Smith Justin D , Kallen Michael , Webster Kimberly A , Lyleroehr Madison , Kircher Sheetal , Bass Michael , Cella David , Penedo Frank J
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Cancer symptom monitoring and management interventions can address concerns that may otherwise go undertreated. However, such programmes and their evaluations remain largely limited to trials versus healthcare systemwide applications. We previously developed and piloted an electronic patient-reported symptom and need assessment (‘cPRO’ for cancer patient-reported outcomes) within the electronic health record (EHR). This study will expand cPRO implementation to medical oncology clinics across a large healthcare system. We will conduct a formal evaluation via a stepped wedge trial with a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design.

Methods and analysis

Aim 1 comprises a mixed method evaluation of cPRO implementation. Adult outpatients will complete cPRO assessments (pain, fatigue, physical function, depression, anxiety and supportive care needs) before medical oncology visits. Results are available in the EHR; severe symptoms and endorsed needs trigger clinician notifications. We will track implementation strategies using the Longitudinal Implementation Strategy Tracking System. Aim 2 will evaluate cPRO’s impact on patient and system outcomes over 12 months via (a) a quality improvement study (n=4000 cases) and (b) a human subjects substudy (n=1000 patients). Aim 2a will evaluate EHR-documented healthcare usage and patient satisfaction. In aim 2b, participating patients will complete patient-reported healthcare utilisation and quality, symptoms and health-related quality of life measures at baseline, 6 and 12 months. We will analyse data using generalised linear mixed models and estimate individual trajectories of patient-reported symptom scores at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Using growth mixture modelling, we will characterise the overall trajectories of each symptom. Aim 3 will identify cPRO implementation facilitators and barriers via mixed methods research gathering feedback from stakeholders. Patients (n=50) will participate in focus groups or interviews. Clinicians and administrators (n=40) will complete surveys to evaluate implementation. We will graphically depict longitudinal implementation survey results and code qualitative data using directed content analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Northwestern University Institutional Review Board (STU00207807). Findings will be disseminated via local and conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04014751; ClinicalTrials.gov.
MET-PREVENT: metformin to improve physical performance in older people with sarcopenia and physical prefrailty/frailty – protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Rennie Katherine J , Witham Miles , Bradley Penny , Clegg Andrew , Connolly Stephen , Hancock Helen C , Hiu Shaun , Marsay Leanne , McDonald Claire , Robertson Laura , Simms Laura , Steel Alison J , Steves Claire J , Storey Bryony , Wason James , Wilson Nina , von Zglinicki Thomas , Sayer Avan A P
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Skeletal muscle dysfunction is central to both sarcopenia and physical frailty, which are associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes including falls and fractures, longer hospital stays, dependency and the need for care. Resistance training may prevent and treat sarcopenia and physical frailty, but not everyone can or wants to exercise. Finding alternatives is critical to alleviate the burden of adverse outcomes associated with sarcopenia and physical frailty. This trial will provide proof-of-concept evidence as to whether metformin can improve physical performance in older people with sarcopenia and physical prefrailty or frailty.

Methods and analysis

MET-PREVENT is a parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept trial. Trial participants can participate from their own homes, including completing informed consent and screening assessments. Eligible participants with low grip strength or prolonged sit-to-stand time together with slow walk speed will be randomised to either oral metformin hydrochloride 500 mg tablets or matched placebo, taken three times a day for 4 months. The recruitment target is 80 participants from two secondary care hospitals in Newcastle and Gateshead, UK. Local primary care practices will act as participant identification centres. Randomisation will be performed using a web-based minimisation system with a random element, balancing on sex and baseline walk speed. Participants will be followed up for 4 months post-randomisation, with outcomes collected at baseline and 4 months. The primary outcome measure is the four metre walk speed at the 4-month follow-up visit.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial has been approved by the Liverpool NHS Research Ethics Committee (20/NW/0470), the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Authority (EudraCT 2020-004023-16) and the UK Health Research Authority (IRAS 275219). Results will be made available to participants, their families, patients with sarcopenia, the public, regional and national clinical teams, and the international scientific community.

Trial registration number

NCT29932357.
Indocyanine green clearance test in liver transplantation: defining cut-off levels for graft viability assessment during organ retrieval and for the prediction of post-transplant graft function recovery - the Liver Indocyanine Green (LivInG) Trial Study Protocol
Authors: Coppola Alessandro , Bianco Giuseppe , Lai Quirino , Marrone Giuseppe , Caimano Miriam , Agnes Salvatore , Spoletini Gabriele
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Viability assessment of the graft is essential to lower the risk of liver transplantation (LT) failure and need for emergency retransplantation, however, this still relies mainly on surgeon’s experience. Post-LT graft function recovery assessment is also essential to aid physicians in the management of LT recipients and guide them through challenging decision making.

This study aims to trial the use of indocyanine green clearance test (IGT) in the donor as an objective tool to assess graft viability and in the recipient to assess graft function recovery after LT.

Methods and analysis

This is an observational prospective single-centre study on consecutive liver transplant donors and recipients.

Primary objective

To determine the capability of IGT of predicting graft viability at the time of organ retrieval. Indocyanine green will be administered to the donor and the plasma disappearance rate (PDR) measured using the pulsidensitometric method. Some 162 IGT donor procedures will be required (α, 5%; β, 20%) using an IGT-PDR cut-off value of 13% to achieve a significant discrimination between viable and non-viable grafts.

Secondary objective

IGT-PDR will be measured at different time-points in the LT recipient: during the anhepatic phase, after graft reperfusion, at 24 hours, on day 3 and day 7 after LT. The slope of IGT values from the donor to the recipient will be evaluated for correlation with the development of early allograft dysfunction.

Ethics and dissemination

This research protocol was approved by Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Ethics Committee (reference number: 0048466/20, study ID: 3656) and by the Italian National Transplant Center (CNT) (reference number: Prot.11/CNT2021). Liver recipients will be required to provide written informed consent. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented in congresses.

Trial registration number

NCT05228587.
Physiotherapy exercise rehabilitation with tailored exercise adherence support for people with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures: protocol for a randomised controlled trial – the OsteoPorosis Tailored exercise adherence INtervention (OPTIN) study
Authors: Barker Karen L , Room Jonathan , Knight Ruth , Hannink Erin , Newman Meredith
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Vertebral fragility fractures affect at least 20% of the older population in the UK. Best practice guidelines recommend the use of exercise to slow the rate of bone loss, to maintain muscle strength and physical function, and to prevent falls and further fractures. However, treatment effects are often small and difficult to sustain and adherence, or the extent to which patients engage in treatment, has been identified as an important issue by many studies. Our hypothesis is that integrating adherence intervention strategies with an exercise intervention will be beneficial. We will compare physiotherapy exercise rehabilitation with adherence support versus physiotherapy exercise rehabilitation alone in terms of effects on (A) physical function, quality of life and fear of falling and (B) exercise self-efficacy and adherence.

Methods and analysis

A multicentre, two-arm, parallel group, superiority randomised controlled trial with blinded assessments at baseline (0) and 4, 8 and 12 months, with a nested qualitative study and health economic analysis. 116 participants will be allocated to either (1) outpatient physiotherapy which will include a musculoskeletal assessment and treatment including balance, posture, strength training and low impact weight-bearing exercises over 16 weeks or (2) OsteoPorosis Tailored exercise adherence INtervention intervention. This includes standard physiotherapy as above plus an additional, integrated assessment interview (30 min) and 60 min of adherence support spread over the subsequent 16 weeks.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was approved by West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 4 (21/WS/0071). Trial registration numberNCT14465704. The paper is based on Protocol V.4.

Trial registration number

NCT 14465704.
An explainable machine learning model for predicting the outcome of ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Yao Zhelv , Mao Chenglu , Ke Zhihong , Xu Yun
Published: November 2022

Background

There is high variability in the clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods

217 consecutive patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent MT between August 2018 and January 2022 were analysed. The primary outcome was functional independence defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 3 months. In the derivation cohort (August 2018 to December 2020), 7 ensemble ML models were trained on 70% of patients and tested on the remaining 30%. The model’s performance was further validated on the temporal validation cohort (January 2021 to January 2022). The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework was applied to interpret the prediction model.

Results

Derivation analyses generated a 9-item score (PFCML-MT) comprising age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, collateral status, and postoperative laboratory indices (albumin-to-globulin ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, albumin and serum glucose levels). The area under the curve was 0.87 for the test set and 0.84 for the temporal validation cohort. SHAP analysis further determined the thresholds for the top continuous features. This model has been translated into an online calculator that is freely available to the public (https://zhelvyao-123-60-sial5s.streamlitapp.com).

Conclusions

Using ML and readily available features, we developed an ML model that can potentially be used in clinical practice to generate real-time, accurate predictions of the outcome of patients with AIS treated with MT.
Seasonal and interannual variability in the diet of young and subadult male Antarctic fur seals as revealed by stable C and N isotope ratios
Authors: Drago Massimiliano , Llorach Celia , Santa Cruz Unai Ormazabal , Zenteno-Devaud Lisette , Rebolledo Lorena , Rita Diego , Gazo Manel , Cardona Luis
Published: November 2022

Detailed knowledge of marine mammal diet is critical to understand their ecological roles and for the adequate management of marine resources. Antarctic fur seals ( Arctocephalus gazella) in the Southern Atlantic Ocean rely largely on Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba) during the summer months, but their winter diet remains largely unknown. Here, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in whiskers and blood of young (2–3 years old) and subadult (4–7 years old) Antarctic fur seal males from the South Shetland Islands were used to assess the seasonal and interannual changes in the krill contribution to their diet. The stable isotope ratios revealed that krill dominated the diet of young and subadult male Antarctic fur seals year-round, with penguins, and not fish, as the second major prey, regardless of year and season. The year-round reliance of young and subadult male Antarctic fur seals on krill should be considered for ecosystem-based fisheries management, as they represent the bulk of the fur seal population remaining off Antarctica during the winter months.
Effect of fiber properties and dispersion management on distortions associated with two subcarriers modulation of laser diode in radio over fiber systems
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa , Abd El-Salam Yasmin , Ahmed Moustafa , Mohamed Tarek
Published: November 2022

We present numerical modeling and simulation on the effects of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) properties and different dispersion management approaches on the distortions of laser diode. These distortions are associated with the two-tone modulation of laser diode for use in radio over fiber systems. The fiber properties include attenuation and dispersion. The dispersion management approaches include the use of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZ-DSF), fiber Brag grating (FBG), and dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF). The laser is directly modulated with two analog frequencies of 25 and 25.1 GHz at different modulation depths (m). The modulated laser signals are then propagated through SSMF at different lengths (L). The investigated laser signal distortions include the 2nd harmonic distortion (HD2), and the 2nd and 3rd intermodulation distortions (IMD2 and IMD3, respectively). The results reveal that all laser distortions are exacerbated as the fiber length increases, which is mainly due to the chromatic dispersion, while fiber attenuation has no effect. The use of dispersion management approaches gives almost similar effects on the reduction of IMD3 whenL = 1 km, regardless of the value ofm. Up tom = 0.3, DCF is the most effective approach for reducing all distortions over the entire fiber length range, while NZ-DSF is the least. WhenL = 2 km, FBG is the most effective approach for reducing both IMD2 and HD2 whenm ≥ 0.4, whereas whenLis increased to 6 km, DCF is the most effective approach up tom = 0.5.

Graphical abstract

Simulation setup of RoF system for two-tone direct modulation of laser diode using different dispersion management approaches
WENO schemes with adaptive order for Hamilton–Jacobi equations
Authors: Abedian Rooholah
Published: November 2022

In this work, a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme based on Legendre polynomials is constructed for simulating Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) equations in a finite difference framework. The new reconstruction is a convex combination of a fourth-degree polynomial and two quadratic polynomials in WENO-Z fashion. This reconstruction uses the same six-point information as the original fifth-order WENO scheme [G.-S. Jiang and D. Peng, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21, 2126 (2000)] and could obtain smaller absolute truncation errors and the same accuracy order in the smooth region, while it has less computational time. A detailed analysis of the approximation order of the designed WENO scheme is prepared. Some benchmark tests in one-dimensional and multi-dimensional space are considered to display the capability of the new proposed scheme.
How emotion type and intensity affect rumor spreading
Authors: Li Yanli , Ma Jing , Fang Fanshu , Jiang Yunjie
Published: November 2022

The implications and contagion effect of emotion cannot be ignored in rumor spreading. This paper sheds light on how decision makers’ (DMs) emotion type and intensity affect rumor spreading. Based on the rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) and evolutionary game theory (EGT), we construct an evolutionary game model between rumormongers (RMs) and managers (Ms) by considering emotions. We use MATLAB to simulate and reveal the influencing mechanism of DMs’ emotion type and intensity on rumor spreading. The results indicate that the DMs’ strategy choice is not only affected by their own emotion preference and intensity, but also by the other players in rumor spreading. Moreover, pessimism has a more significant influence than optimism on the stability of the evolutionary game, Ms’ emotion is more sensitive to the game results than RMs’ emotion and the emotion intensity is proportional to the evolution speed. More significantly, some earthshaking emotional thresholds are found, which can be used to predict RMs’ behavior, help Ms gain critical time to deal with rumors, and avoid the Tacitus Trap crisis. Furthermore, the evolution results fall into five categories: risk, opportunity, ideal, security and hostility. The results of this work can benefit Ms’ public governance.
Complex modified projective synchronization of fractional-order complex-valued dynamic network with time-varying coupling and parameters estimation
Authors: Ding Dawei , Jiang Qingrong , Hu Yongbing , Jin Haolei , Yang Zongli , Zhang Zhixin , Wu Qiujie
Published: November 2022

The problem of Complex Modified Projective Synchronization (CMPS) for fractional-order complex-valued dynamic networks (FOCDNs) is investigated in this paper. Compared with real-valued dynamic networks, complex-valued dynamic networks have expansive application space. First, coupling weight has been generally considered as static constant in most situations, we consider time-varying coupling weight and the unknown parameters in the FOCDNs. Meanwhile, several parameter update laws are designed to estimate unknown parameters and an adaptive coupling weight is defined to adjust coupling nodes in order to solve CMPS problem of the network. Second, some effective criteria for CMPS of FOCDNs are derived by fractional calculus and Lyapunov stability theory. According to the theoretical analysis, FOCDNs with time-varying delay can achieve CMPS via adaptive controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the modified projective strategy for fractional-order complex networks is illustrated via two numerical examples in the complex-valued space.
Research on UECR air pollutant propagation model based on scale-free network
Authors: Huang XiaoLi , Feng Wanqi , Wu Leilei , Zhang Zheng
Published: November 2022

The quality of air is closely related to people’s life. When the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere reaches a harmful level, it will damage the ecosystem and threaten the survival of human beings. To study the internal transmission mechanism of air pollutants, a model named Uncontaminated–Emissive–Contaminated–Recovered (UECR) is proposed in this paper. This model considers the influence of various control measures of air diffusion, and the heterogeneity of the underlying network. First, based on the mean-field theory, the basic reproductive rate [Formula: see text] was calculated, the relationship between [Formula: see text] and equilibrium points was proved, and the stability of the model was also demonstrated. Then, combined with three existing air pollutant propagation networks, the model’s effectiveness was illustrated through simulation experiments. From the proof and experiments, it was concluded that the propagation of air pollutants is related to the basic reproductive rate, so some suggestions were given on pollution prevention and control for accelerating the ending process of pollutant propagation.
Study of galaxy clustering (thermodynamics) through different approaches using modified Yukawa potential
Authors: Bagat Hilal Ahmad , Hameeda Mir , Ganai Prince A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, our focus is to discuss galaxy clustering in an accelerated universe through different approaches, viz., the extended structure of galaxies, the halo approximation, in which we evaluate the configurational integral between two finite limits and the most recent technique known as mean-field theory or approximation. Through these approximations, we were able to eliminate the divergence of the involved configurational integral. These approximations have been employed to develop a gravitational partition function, which has been used to evaluate the thermodynamics of galaxy clustering and the distribution function that goes with it. Throughout this paper, we will use the concept of Maxwell–Boltzmann’s statistics to study the galaxy clustering under the modified Yukawa potential. These thermodynamical quantities, such as Helmholtz free energy, entropy internal energy, and so on, were later plotted.
Dynamical nonlinear moments of internal heating impact on hydro-magnetic flow suspended with pure water-based CNT+Graphene+Al2O3 and Paraffin wax+Sand+AA7072 mixtures
Authors: Kumar S. Saravana , Prasad R. Vikrama , Kumar M. Sathish , Mamatha S. U. , Raju C. S. K. , Raju K. Vijaya Bhaskar
Published: November 2022

Over the last 10 years, heat transfer performance in immediate cooling and heating applications has grown into the foremost concern for heat transfer practitioners in Engineering and manufacturing practices. Henceforward, the study in new heat transfer fluids is extremely intense and challenging. This study examines flow and thermal management in axisymmetric hydrodynamic pure water-based hybrid solid nanoparticles in a flow induced by a swirling cylinder with Fourier Heat source. Flow and heat transfer are analyzed and compared for [Formula: see text] and Paraffin wax+Sand+AA7072 hybrid nanofluid flow. Shooting technique (R-K 4th order) is applied to work out the flow equations numerically. Simulated results are exhibited through graphs and tables. The computational results are statistically validated with the published research work and a modest concurrence is found. The main outcome of this study is found to be in Multi-regression analysis, where the [Formula: see text] w.r.t [Formula: see text] has higher domination compared to [Formula: see text] w.r.t [Formula: see text]. Also, it is interesting to know that [Formula: see text] w.r.t Re has more rate of heat transfer compared to [Formula: see text] w.r.t [Formula: see text]. As the volume fraction rises, the size of the particle is less and Reynolds number dominated the flow, due to this, a decrement is seen in the friction values. Overall, it is observed that heat transfer rate is higher in CNT+Graphene+Al2O3 compared with Paraffin wax+Sand+AA7072.