bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the successive impact behavior of composites in ship structures
Authors: Zniker Houcine , El Kouifat Mohammed Khalil , Feddal Ikram , Bouzakraoui Said , Ouaki Bennaceur
Published: June 2022

Composite materials are categorized to be highly sensitive to low-velocity impact events. This feature is considered as a serious limitation for their application in engineering. Therefore, understanding impact energy absorption is critical in improving composite material damage tolerance and especially under successive impacts. This work was dedicated to an experimental investigation that aims to study and compare the energy absorption ability and damage behavior of PVC-foam sandwich and GFRP laminated composites under multiple impacts occurring at small energy levels. For this purpose, low-velocity impact repeated tests were carried out until total absorption of the impact initial energy was reached. A relative energy absorption index and a rebound index were proposed in order to assess energy absorption capacity. The results indicated that, directly after the first impact, the sandwich composite formed from two 4mm laminated skins absorbed 80% of the initial impact energy, in comparison to approximately 60% for 8mm laminated composite. This performance of sandwich composite is attributed to the damping ability of the core. Also, the impact velocity rebound rate of this composite was found to be higher than that of laminates. However, impact damage is greater in composite sandwiches than in laminates.
Natural hydrolytic ageing of PA6 and bio-reinforced composites
Authors: Oulidi Oumayma , Nakkabi Asmae , Fahim Mohammed , Elmoualij Noureddine
Published: June 2022

Hydrolytic ageing or hydrolysis is the destruction of chemical bonds by the action of water. Among the polymers most affected by hydrolysis are the polyamides, since PA6 is hygroscopic, due to the amide groups. PA6 with its interesting technical applications could be found in humid environments, which probably impedes its durability. The estimation of the modifications that PA6 could undergo has attracted the attention of several research subjects, which have recorded a deterioration of the mechanical and thermal properties. The objective of this study is to compare the hydrolytic ageing of PA6 with its composites reinforced with peanut shell powder (PSP), olive pomace powder (OPP), and plaster (PL). The aim is to evaluate the impact of the reinforcements on the ageing of the composite. The weight changes, the structural properties, and the morphology were monitored and related to the modification of the polymer encountered during the ageing process thanks to the weight gain, DRX and SEM methods.
Mechanical behaviour of stir cast aluminum matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide and palm kernel shell ash
Authors: Ikele Udochukwu Samuel , Alaneme Kenneth Kanayo , Oyetunji Akinlabi
Published: June 2022

Microstructural analysis and mechanical behaviour of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) and silicon carbide (SiC) were studied. The AMCs containing 6, 8, 10 and 12 wt.% reinforcements, with weight ratios of 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 1:0 (PKSA: SiC) were produced using stir casting method. % Porosity, hardness, tensile strength (UTS), ductility and fracture toughness were determined following standard procedures, while Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) was used for structural characterization. The results show that the composites produced have improved hardness. The UTS improved with increase in PKSA attaining maximum value at reinforcement weight ratio 1:1 and then decreases, the 6 wt.% reinforcement being the only exception. The ductility of the composites was lower than the unreinforced aluminum alloy with the SiC single-reinforced having the lowest. Also Fracture toughness was observed to be less than the unreinforced aluminum alloy with the SiC single reinforced having the lowest value. The PSKA:SiC weight ratio 1:1 gave the best property combination with optimum properties in terms of UTS (175.48MPa), ductility (8.61) and fracture toughness [6.5MPa(m)1/2].
Des nanotorches pour étudier les matériaux nanostructurés
Authors: Izeddin Ignacio , Krachmalnicoff Valentina
Published: June 2022

La nanophotonique s’intéresse à la génération et au contrôle de la lumière grâce à la nanostructuration de la matière, ainsi qu’à l’imagerie de ces nanostructures. Mais comment étudier les propriétés optiques de ces matériaux à l’échelle nanométrique ? Dans cet article, nous présentons une nouvelle technique inspirée d’approches de microscopie à super-résolution établies en bioimagerie que nous avons adaptée au domaine de la nanophotonique dans le but d’obtenir des cartographies super-résolues de l’interaction lumière-matière.
Forecasting time series using neural networks on the example of primary sales of a pharmaceutical company
Authors: Galkin Dmitrii , Dudkina Tatiana , Mamedova Natalia
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to neural network forecasting of primary sales of a pharmaceutical company. The research includes an analysis of the main forecasting methods, various types of neural network architectures used to predict time series, as well as an analysis of neural network training methods. The primary sales of the pharmaceutical company AKRIKHIN JSC were considered as the applied basis of the study. As part of the study, an analysis of the revenue of the pharmaceutical company AKRIKHIN JSC from 2016 to 2021 was carried out, the selection of the main hyperparameters of the neural network was carried out and a forecast of primary sales for 4 weeks ahead was obtained. The practical significance of the research results is due to the fact that forecasting primary sales gives management an understanding of which direction the company is moving in and whether additional management decisions are needed to meet the planned values. This study can be used as an alternative method of sales forecasting, so the results will be in demand among analysts of pharmaceutical companies in sales planning departments.
Research and development of the mathematic models of cryptosystems based on the universal Diophantine language
Authors: Osipyan V.O. , Litvinov K.I. , Zhuck A.S.
Published: June 2022

This paper shows the objective necessity of improving the information security systems under the development of information and telecommunication technologies. The paper for the first time involves a new area of NP-complete problems from Diophantine analysis, namely, multi-degree systems of Diophantine equations of a given dimension and degree of Tarry-Escott type. Based on a fundamentally new number-theoretic method, a mathematical model of an alphabetic information security system (ISS) has been developed that generalizes the principle of building cryptosystems with a public key – the so called dissymmetric bigram cryptosystem. This implies to implement direct and inverse transformations according to a given algorithm based on a two-parameter solution of a multi-degree system of Diophantine equations. A formalized algorithm has been developed for the specified model of a dissymmetric bigram cryptosystem and a training example based on a normal multi-degree system of Diophantine equations of the fifth degree is presented.
Global cooperation in Open Science policies and procedures to ensure the sustainable development of society
Authors: Drach Iryna , Popovych Mykola , Polishyk Oleksandr , Polishchuk Olena
Published: June 2022

One of the important mechanisms of world transformation in the context of the formation of sustainable development of society is the achievement and provision of innovative, inclusive, fair and high-quality models of development and institutionalization of science. The process of formation and implementation of a new modern policy in the field of science foresees the implementation of the paradigm of Open Science. The analysis of the key documents of the European Research Area and the European Higher Education Area, which define the policies and procedures for the development of Open Science, allowed to characterize the understanding of its features, goals, characteristics and indicators. The key provisions of the EU policy on the development of Open Science include the following: recognition of the priority of open research; ensuring the earliest possible exchange of knowledge and research data; promoting the involvement of research partners from industry, government and community groups; compliance of publications with the requirements “open as much as possible, closed as necessary”; recognition and reward of participation in research of citizens and end consumers; ensuring compliance with intellectual property rights. Active promotion of the ideas of Open Science through appropriate policies and procedures strengthens global cooperation and corresponds to the principles and goals of sustainable development of society, focused on improving the quality of human life in a favorable socio-economic environment and environmentally friendly, healthy, diverse environment.
Right to protect in cidential procedure, taking into account the use of videoconferencing
Authors: Budanova Lyudmila , Smirnova Irina , Shabanov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2022

The practice of ensuring the right to protection of persons from suspicion or accusation in some countries, including taking into account the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, indicates that not all issues of its legal regulation have been resolved to a degree that satisfies science and practice, and there are violations of human rights enshrined in international legal standards, the principle of adversarial parties in criminal proceedings is not fully implemented, so there is increasing scientific interest in problematic issues of protection from criminal prosecution. The purpose of the study is to analyze international standards in the field of human rights, as well as the experience of Russia and some foreign countries in the field of ensuring the right to protection from criminal prosecution in criminal proceedings, to identify problematic issues of a legal nature in this part and to formulate scientifically based recommendations for their solution (minimization). The methodological basis of the study is also the formallogical and comparative-legal methods, taking into account the processes of development of the regulatory framework.
Analysis of learning methods in the digital educational environment
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Dallaev Rashid , Pisarenko Tatiana , Sobola Dinara , Holcman Vladimír , Nazarov Anton
Published: June 2022

In this paper, modern ways of digitalization of the educational process are considered and analyzed. An alternative innovative solution can be a theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) a methodology, taking into account the didactic principles of education (continuity, succession, accessibility, etc.). The dynamics of innovative technologies requires constant updating of the educational environment; inclusion of the teacher in the educational activities; active forms of learning (integrated classes, search and research activities); free access to digital repositories (methodological and lecture materials); social networks (Internet communities of teachers, teachers). The introduction of new information and communication technologies (ICT) in the management of the educational system made it possible to achieve a number of goals: modernization in the transfer/acquisition of knowledge (online/distance learning); application of a creative approach in pedagogical activity; the use of methodological and didactic forms of education (personalized learning, meta digital complexes, digital technologies).
Role and impact of the US higher education and scientific staff formation on the global cooperation strategies as part of sustainable development
Authors: Roliak Angelina , Humeniuk Iryna , Fedorchuk Nataliia , Mozolev Oleksandr , Chornobai Larysa
Published: June 2022

In modern conditions of global cooperation and development of sustainable growth effective models, the influence of tertiary education and science systems on the social and economic spheres is increasing. In complex interaction and mutual integration, this ensures high efficiency of progress both in individual countries and in a global dimension. For example, the American model of tertiary education and science reflects the specifics of worldviews, social orientations, and social demands - Americans regard education with their inherent pragmatism. From the American point of view, training programs and courses are products that differ in quality and price. The US principle of educational specialization, but not universalization is a conscious desire to achieve economic goals. This approach is also based on the Protestant idea of corporate social responsibility; and the education system, as one of the forms of this responsibility manifestation, was formed on the basis of these values (neobehavioral philosophy of education and Protestant socio-entrepreneurial ethics). Supporters of this trend reject self-expression as the main goal of education. They favor the principle that a man is a learning being, and in the process of learning all the behavioral norms are developed. The learning effectiveness is achieved by introducing the achievements of science, technology, and experiment into the system of education. According to these prevailing principles of management, pedagogy, and philosophy of education, all life, educational aspirations, and requests, both personal and professional, must be clearly algorithmically and purposefully modified in conjunction with the goals, values, and direction of the state and society.
The value of digital technologies in inclusion
Authors: Bashkireva Tatyana , Bashkireva Anastasia , Morozov Alexander , Fedorchuk Yuliya , Bakhtina Antonina
Published: June 2022

The article considers the importance of digital technologies in inclusion. The work used the analysis of literary sources and the method of heart rate variability. The results of the study showed that the introduction of digital technologies expands the problematic field of inclusive education. Students who have impaired health indicators in the context of the use of digital technologies, including in a remote format, should be attributed to inclusion. In this regard, the training of specialists in the field of cyberspace is a link between the development and implementation of new information technologies in an inclusive educational space and monitoring the health of students.
Metoidioplasty in Gender Affirmation: A Review
Authors: Stojanovic Borko , Bencic Marko , Bizic Marta , Djordjevic Miroslav L.
Published: June 2022

Metoidioplasty is a variant of the gender affirmation technique neophalloplasty, where a hormonally enlarged clitoris is reconstructed to become a small penis. The goals of metoidioplasty are male appearance of the genitalia, voiding in standing position, and completely preserved erogenous sensation of the neophallus. However, it does not enable penetrative sexual intercourse due to the small dimensions of the neophallus. Basic principles of metoidioplasty were established 50 years ago, and many refinements of the technique have been reported since. The latest improvements are based on the advances in urethroplasty, perioperative care, and new insights into female genital anatomy. The current metoidioplasty technique is a one-stage procedure that includes vaginectomy, straightening and lengthening of the clitoris, urethral reconstruction by combined flaps and grafts, and scrotoplasty with insertion of testicular implants. Good aesthetic, functional, and psychosexual outcomes are achieved with this type of neophalloplasty.
Patrones de lesión en resonancia magnética de un primer episodio de luxación patelar en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Tuca María , Pineda Tomás , Nuñez Mauricio , Zilleruelo Nicolás , Olmedo Cristián , Figueroa David
Published: June 2022

Objetivo Caracterizar las lesiones de ligamento patelofemoral medial (LPFM) y las lesiones osteocondrales luego de un primer episodio de luxación patelar (LP) en pacientes jóvenes.

Métodos Se evaluaron un total de 91 resonancias magnéticas de pacientes menores de 18 años (edad promedio: 14,5 años), con un primer episodio de LP, en un único centro, entre 2008 y 2012. Se analizaron la ubicación y la extensión de la lesión del LPFM, y la ubicación y el tamaño de las lesiones osteocondrales.

Resultados Se encontraron lesiones del LPFM en el 49,5% (45) de los casos, y se observaron roturas totales y parciales del LPFM en el 10,9% (10) y el 39,5% (36), respectivamente. De las roturas totales, el 70% (7) fueron en la inserción rotuliana, el 20% (2), en la inserción femoral, y el 10%, multifocales. De las lesiones parciales, el 72% fueron rotulianas, el 19,4%(7), femorales, y el 8,3% (3), multifocales. Las lesiones osteocondrales se encontraron presentes en el 38% (35) de los casos; el 62,8% (22) se localizaron en la rótula y el 34,2% (12) en el cóndilo femoral lateral, mientras que solo el 3% (1) fueron multifocales.

Conclusión La lesión del LPFM se encontró en la mitad de los casos de nuestra muestra, y, de los casos de lesiones parciales, la inserción rotuliana es el patrón más común en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros que presentan una LP por primera vez. Más de un tercio de los niños con LP por primera vez tendrá una lesión osteocondral concomitante, principalmente en la rótula.

Nivel de Evidencia Nivel III.
Delayed-Onset Seizures Following Self-Inflicted Nail Gun Injury to the Head: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hoey Alexander , Troy Christopher , Bauerle Wayne , Xia Anthony , Hoey Brian
Published: June 2022

Nail gun use and its associated incidence of injury have continued to increase since it was first introduced in 1959. While most of these injuries involve the extremities, a subset of patients suffer intracranial trauma. The most recent comprehensive review on this particular subject referenced 41 cases and advocated for further discussion regarding proper treatment plans for these individuals. We present the case of a 25-year-old who suffered 35 self-inflicted penetrating head wounds from a nail gun after suffering an amputation injury at his job site. No neurological deficits were present on his arrival to the emergency room. He underwent surgery to treat his arm wound and remove 13 of the 35 nails. The patient was discharged from the hospital on levetiracetam and made a full recovery. Nearly 1 year later, he experienced a seizure at his workplace. However, after resuming his antiepileptic medication, he reports no further complications. This case is distinct for not only being the most nails in a patient's head at presentation, but also following surgery. Utilizing this case, prior review, and 27 subsequent cases, we propose an updated algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of nail-gun-related penetrating head trauma.
Atomic layer epitaxy of kagome magnet Fe3Sn2 and Sn-modulated heterostructures
Authors: Cheng Shuyu , Wang Binbin , Lyalin Igor , Bagués Núria , Bishop Alexander J. , McComb David W. , Kawakami Roland K.
Published: June 2022

Magnetic materials with kagome crystal structure exhibit rich physics, such as frustrated magnetism, skyrmion formation, topological flat bands, and Dirac/Weyl points. Until recently, most studies on kagome magnets have been performed on bulk crystals or polycrystalline films. Here, we report the atomic layer molecular beam epitaxy synthesis of high-quality thin films of topological kagome magnet Fe3Sn2. The structural and magnetic characterization of Fe3Sn2 on epitaxial Pt(111) identifies highly ordered films with c-plane orientation and an in-plane magnetic easy axis. Studies on the local magnetic structure by anomalous Nernst effect imaging reveal in-plane oriented micrometer size domains. Superlattice structures consisting of Fe3Sn2 and Fe3Sn are also synthesized by atomic layer molecular beam epitaxy, demonstrating the ability to modulate the sample structure at the atomic level. The realization of high-quality films by atomic layer molecular beam epitaxy opens the door to explore the rich physics of this system and investigate novel spintronic phenomena by interfacing Fe3Sn2 with other materials.
Digital soil mapping in Australia. Can it achieve its goals?
Authors: Biggs Andrew J. W. , Crawford Mark , Burgess Jon , Smith Dan , Andrews Kaitlyn , Sugars Mark
Published: June 2022

Digital soil mapping (DSM) has been used from the national to paddock scale in Australia over the past 20 years. However, there has been insufficient objective evaluation of the limitations of DSM. The continual evolution of DSM methods over time have led to a lack of operational stability that creates an ongoing risk associated with the method. The inherent modelling paradigm of DSM (a reliance on systematic variation) is a key factor that creates potentially significant constraints to the use of DSM in Australia, particularly in the context of different scales of application. Inherent covariate limitations create a further potential ceiling to what can be achieved with DSM at any point in time. As part of a more critical and objective approach to the use of the method in Australia, there is a need for more effective exploration and discussion of these and other constraints in the DSM approach. This will hopefully ensure that it is used in a fit-for-purpose and effective manner in the future.
A ferroptosis defense mechanism mediated by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 in mitochondria
Authors: Wu Shiqi , Mao Chao , Kondiparthi Lavanya , Poyurovsky Masha V. , Olszewski Kellen , Gan Boyi
Published: June 2022

Mechanisms of defense against ferroptosis (an iron-dependent form of cell death induced by lipid peroxidation) in cellular organelles remain poorly understood, hindering our ability to target ferroptosis in disease treatment. In this study, metabolomic analyses revealed that treatment of cancer cells with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitors results in intracellular glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) depletion. We further showed that supplementation of cancer cells with G3P attenuates ferroptosis induced by GPX4 inhibitors in a G3P dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2)-dependent manner;
GPD2
deletion sensitizes cancer cells to GPX4 inhibition-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, and combined deletion of
GPX4
and
GPD2
synergistically suppresses tumor growth by inducing ferroptosis in vivo. Mechanistically, inner mitochondrial membrane-localized GPD2 couples G3P oxidation with ubiquinone reduction to ubiquinol, which acts as a radical-trapping antioxidant to suppress ferroptosis in mitochondria. Taken together, these results reveal that GPD2 participates in ferroptosis defense in mitochondria by generating ubiquinol.
Indirect interpreting: Stumbling block or stepping stone?
Authors: Aguirre Fernández Bravo Elena
Published: June 2022

Indirect interpreting, known by practitioners as ‘relay’, takes place in contexts where interpreting between two languages is carried out by means of a third, pivot language, thus creating a communicative chain between two interpreters: the one rendering an original speech into a pivot language, and the other rendering the first’s version into a different target language. Relay is used in many multilingual settings to ensure that all interlocutors can use their mother tongue, and the European Union institutions are a prominent example of such settings. Indirect interpreting is thus a reality that many professionals deal with on a daily basis. Despite this, it has not been the subject of much research as yet. This article explores the connections between indirect interpreting and the construct of quality in the ears of the interpreters who regularly give and take relay. The research first involved a focus group comprising six European Union-accredited conference interpreters with Spanish as their mother tongue. A focus group discussion aimed to identify salient issues in the giving and taking of relay across different contexts and meeting formats. The itemised concepts emerging from the discussion were then used to devise a questionnaire to gain further insight into interpreters’ concerns and ideas regarding quality indicators in indirect interpreting. Thirty professionals responded to the questionnaire. The results are analysed with a focus on the lessons that may be insightful for Translation and Interpreting Studies.
Abnormal dislocation substructure in the ultrasonically welded joints of Cu single crystals
Authors: Ma Qiuchen , Ma Jingyuan , Zhou Jianli , Ji Hongjun
Published: June 2022

Ultrasonic metal welding is a rapid bonding technology that combines ultrasonic softening and high-frequency friction. However, the massive dislocation proliferation in high-strain-rate deformation is contradictory to rapid dynamic recovery induced by the ultrasonic vibration. To investigate the contribution of ultrasonic to the joint microstructure, the Cu single crystals with [001], [101], [111] orientations were selected to trace the abnormal deformation microstructure. It was indicated that the ultrasonic excitation broke the correlation between geometrically necessary boundaries and grain orientation, which resulted in a similar micro-hardness in the range of 112.5–116.0 HV near the interface in three single crystal joints. An analytical model of interfacial friction deformation was proposed to prove the abnormal enlargement of dislocation cells under ultrasonic excitation.
A high efficiency deep learning method for the x-ray image defect detection of casting parts
Authors: Xue Lin , Hei Junming , Wang Yunsen , Li Qi , Lu Yao , Liu Weiwei
Published: June 2022

In the manufacturing industry, digital radiography (DR) images are often used to detect internal defects in casting parts. With the development of computer technology, increasingly more researchers use computer algorithms instead of manual inspection. However, traditional computer vision methods are generally not efficient and robust. In this study, we propose a DR image defect detection methodology based on deep learning technology. In order to train and evaluate the deep learning model, we create a casting defect DR image dataset, which includes 18 311 DR images labelled for two types of objects—defects and inclusions. In the methodology, an object detection method baseline named YOLOv3_EfficientNet, which replaces the backbone of YOLOv3_darknet53 with EfficientNet, is used. This operation leads to a significant improvement in the mean average precision value on YOLOv3 and greatly reduces the inference time and storage space. Then, a data enhancement method based on DR image features is used, which can increase the diversity of the clarity and the shapes of defects randomly. To further facilitate the deployment of models on embedded devices with an acceptable accuracy loss range, a depth separable convolution operation is adopted. Regarding the bounding box regression, we perform some relevant research in the training and inference stages of the model, and the accuracy of the model was improved in both stages of them according to the experiments. The experiments proved that every type we adopted could benefit the model’s performance.
Real-time characterization of regimes between continuous-wave operation and mode locking in an all-normal dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser
Authors: Gonzalez-Vidal L M , Pottiez O , Hernandez-Garcia J C , Ibarra-Villalon H E , Lauterio-Cruz J P , Bello-Jimenez M
Published: June 2022

In the present work, the temporal dynamics of an all-normal-dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser operating in regimes intermediate between continuous-wave operation and mode locking are studied experimentally. Exploiting the segmented memory data acquisition possibilities of an ultrafast digital oscilloscope and through the use of a specifically developed algorithm, the real-time waveform evolution anchored in absolute time could be retrieved, without relying on a fixed reference carried by the signal itself, which does not exist in these regimes. By controlling the time spacing between the successively acquired frames, several dynamics taking place over different time scales could be evidenced and described. These measurements highlight in particular the evolution cycles of intense localized structures including spikes that emerge, grow, decay, interact and describe peculiar trajectories in phase-space diagrams, whereas their temporal positions evolve, driven in particular by gain dynamics. In spite of their dramatic variability, these structures are found to be enduring features of these regimes. Analysis of these data helps assessing the degree of partial mode locking associated with these dynamics. The time-domain mapping technique optimized using segmented memory data acquisition is shown to be useful to characterize precisely highly dynamical evolutions such as those revealed in this work, which are dominated by structures that present large and complex variations in amplitude, shape and position, and develop over different time scales.
Ionospheric disturbance statistics according to the Swarm satellite mission in 2014
Authors: Voloboev L A , Zakharov V I
Published: June 2022

In the present work, based on the database of magnetic field indices Kp, AE, and Dst, we consider the relationship between geomagnetic activity and ionospheric scintillation indices S4 and RODI based on in-situ satellite measurements. 37 events with quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions during 2014 were selected and analyzed. The correlation coefficients of the scintillation indices with high-latitude AE and low-latitude Dst are obtained. Thus, in periods of disturbed geomagnetic conditions, the RODI10s and S4 indices are, in principle, equally related to the high-latitude AE index (with a small, up to 4% in the number of realizations, the advantage of the RODI index) In periods with quiet geomagnetic conditions, the situation changes - in 17% of cases the S4 index is better reflects a relationship with mid-latitude Dst than the RODI10s index. The indicated relationship means the presence of a linear correlation of more than 0.3 between the processes.
Research of synoptic processes in the south-east of the Russian plain during different climatic periods
Authors: Morozova S V , Denisov K E , Polyanskaya E A , Pryakhina S I , Ormeli E I , Kononova N K
Published: June 2022

This article examines the annual and seasonal (winter and summer) changes in the frequency of occurrence of the main types of synoptic processes in the Lower Volga region in two natural climatic periods of the state of the earth climatic system - the stabilization period and the second wave of global warming. The frequency of occurrence of some types of synoptic processes revealed both climatic and seasonal differences. In the second wave of global warming, in comparison with the stabilization period, the frequency of cyclone impact on the Lower Volga region developed on the Arctic front and the number of Arctic anticyclones increase, and the frequency of polar-front cyclones and cases of the impact of the western periphery of the winter Asian anticyclone decreases. Seasonal differences in the frequency of occurrence were revealed in the Arctic anticyclones. During the second wave of global warming, these anticyclones penetrate into the Lower Volga region in summer more often than in winter. It is concluded that the contribution of the transformation factor to the observed warming increases and the role of summer seasons in the observed climatic changes increases, which is not typical for processes in the earth climatic system. It is indicated that obtained result is of great climatological significance and will serve the further development of the physical theory of climate.
Application of the numerical model TSUNM3 to study the urban heat island and the intensity of precipitation over the Siberian city of Tomsk
Authors: Starchenko AV , Kizhner L I , Odintsov S L , Danilkin E A , Bart A A
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the study is associated with the development and validation of the TSUNM3 model for numerical local weather prediction. The results of its application over a limited territory of the Siberian region are presented. A study of the characteristics of an urban "heat island" and the analysis of the reliability of forecasting precipitation have been carried out. The calculation results are compared with observations of the atmospheric boundary layer parameters obtained with meteorological instruments of the Joint Use Center "Atmosphere" at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Estimates of natural methane emissions into the atmosphere in the regions of Western Siberia by model simulations
Authors: Arzhanov M M , Denisov S N , Mokhov I I , Parfenova M R
Published: June 2022

Model estimates of changes in natural methane emissions into the atmosphere were obtained for the regions of Western Siberia, including the estimates of wetland ecosystems and decomposition of relict methane hydrates contributions to these changes in the high latitude cryolithozone. Regional model estimates of methane fluxes into the atmosphere were obtained using the results of calculations with the ensemble of global climate models CMIP6 under different scenarios of anthropogenic forcing for the 21st century. According to the model estimates, the increase in regional natural methane emissions in the 21st century under the SSP585 scenario with the most aggressive anthropogenic impacts is more than 2 times greater than under the SSP126 scenario with the least aggressive anthropogenic impacts. Dissociation of relic methane hydrates in the permafrost resulting in methane emissions into the atmosphere in the north of Western Siberia are estimated to be considerably less significant compared to the regional emissions of wetland ecosystems under current climatic changes.
Variability of thoron distribution in the surface atmosphere at Borok Geophysical Observatory
Authors: Anisimov S V , Dmitriev E M , Aphinogenov K V , Kozmina A S
Published: June 2022

The variability of radon-220 (thoron) distribution in the surface atmosphere is investigated by mathematical modeling of thoron turbulent transport, based on the data of continuous field natural observations at Borok Geophysical Observatory (Central Russia). The thoron flux from the surface was set according to the observations. Variations of turbulent diffusion coefficient altitude profiles were calculated by the observations of wind velocity pulsations at two altitudes made synchronously on the same location. The altitude profiles of thoron volumetric activity typical for the atmospheric surface layer are estimated. It is shown that the thoron volumetric activities at any altitudes vary concurrently, but the largest thoron volumetric activity, as well as its gradient, occurs below 0.5 m at nighttime.
Unmanned aerial vehicle “Tsimlyanin” for studying turbulent structure of atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Chechin D G , Artamonov A Yu , Bodunkov N YE , Kalyagin M Yu , Kunashuk A A , Shestakova A A , Shevchenko A M , Zhivoglotov D N
Published: June 2022

A fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle “Tsimlyanin” having a hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) scheme with a compact meteorological payload is designed for an application to the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) studies. The main purpose of such an observational platform is to supplement traditional mast observations by sampling horizontal and vertical inhomogeneities of mean variables and turbulent statistics. Such observations are needed to advance turbulence theory especially for the ABL over inhomogeneous landscapes and also in non-stationary conditions. The VTOL scheme is chosen as it provides a safer take-off and landing and is less demanding to the landing conditions. The designed turbulence payload consists of a seven-hole probe, inertial navigation system and a fast-response platinum-wire temperature sensor. It is complemented with the static pressure sensor, a slow-response temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared surface temperature sensor. The data acquisition and logging is performed by an on-board computer. The designed system has been successfully tested in the summer campaign in 2020 in Tsimlyansk, Russia.
Satellite-derived estimations of the clear-air turbulence in the upper troposphere
Authors: Nerushev A F , Visheratin K N , Ivangorodsky R V
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of turbulence zones in the upper troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere based on measurements from European geostationary meteorological satellites in 2007 - 2018. The essence of the method for determining the zones of turbulence is the use of inhomogeneity’s of concentration of water vapor as tracers and the use of correlation-extremal algorithms. Turbulence zones with a horizontal mesoscale turbulent diffusion coefficient Ked
≥ 104 m2 / s can occupy up to 50% of the Northern Hemisphere area visible from satellites. It is shown that in analyzed time interval there is a significant (by 60-120%) increase in areas occupied by relatively weak and moderate turbulence and a slight decrease (by 6-33%) in areas with strong and very strong turbulence. The temporal variability of these zones and their relationship with the characteristics of jet streams and some climatic parameters are analyzed. A statistical model of the temporal variability of the turbulence zone areas has been built. It is shown that the multiple linear regression model with jet stream characteristics as predictors describes up to 68% of variability of zones of strong turbulence. The use of climatic parameters as predictors makes it possible to describe up to 74% of the temporal variability of strong turbulence zones.
The role of winter net heat fluxes on the modulation of the upper mixed layer temperature and depth in the North Atlantic by the reanalysis data
Authors: Sukhonos P A , Diansky N A
Published: June 2022

The role of winter net heat fluxes (NHF) on the upper mixed layer (UML) temperature and depth variability over the North Atlantic is studied using ocean reanalysis data products. The monthly data from the ORA-S3 (1959–2011), GODAS (1980–2020), GECCO3 (1948–2018) datasets were used. The correlation coefficients were calculated between the anomalies of the NHF on the ocean surface and the UML temperature and depth with a shift of 1 month when the former were leading. In most of the North Atlantic, negative correlations between the UML temperature and the NHF preceding 1 month were found. Here, the UML temperature anomalies are probably caused by changes in heat exchange with the atmosphere. Areas of significant positive correlations across all data sets are concentrated in the area of the transition of the Gulf Stream to the North Atlantic Current. Almost the entire water area of the North Atlantic is occupied by positive correlations between the mixed layer depth in winter and the NHF on the ocean surface, with the latter leading for 1 month.
Sodar observation of the breeze return currents over the coastal zone of the Black Sea
Authors: Lyulyukin V , Zaitseva D , Kuznetsov D , Repina I
Published: June 2022

The breeze circulation was studied with the help of sodars in 2 short-term expeditions on the northern coast of the Black Sea. The measurements were carried out at a stationary oceanographic platform located 400 m from the coast. The main attention was paid to the vertical structure of breeze flows with the accompanying return currents aloft. The existence of turbulent exchange between the near-sea breeze flow and the return current at an altitude of several hundred meters is shown. Hence, the return current must be taken into account when determining the height of the mixing layer above the sea surface in the offshore zone.
X-shaped Tip Graft: A Versatile Solution for Warping Correction in Rib Cartilage–Based Rhinoplasty
Authors: Wu Lehao , You Jianjun , Wang Huan , Tian Le , Xu Yihao , Zheng Ruobing , Zhang Xulong , Guo Junsheng , Fan Fei
Published: June 2022

Background

An enduringly stable tip graft is the key to achieving successful rhinoplasty. However, the intrinsic tendency of rib grafts to warp renders the long-term outcome of cartilage-based rhinoplasty highly unpredictable.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to detail and validate the utilization of a tip graft that is characterized by a circumferential split on the tip graft, which creates a shape similar to the letter X.

Methods

The counterrotating force applied intraoperatively and the complications that arose were examined retrospectively. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric evaluations of patients was performed. Anthropometric points were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Outcome variables were tip projection, nasal length, tip rotation, and the nasion-pronasale angulation.

Results

Forty-five female patients, ranging in age from 18 to 41 years (average, 28.5 years) completed the study. In all cases, the X graft was applied as an essential element for enhancing tip projection. Postoperative analysis showed excellent maintenance of tip position over time, evidenced by insignificant changes in nasion-pronasale angulation. Other postoperative evaluations, including tip projection, nasal length, and nasolabial angle, showed significant improvement. The differences were not statistically different between short- and long-term follow-up.

Conclusions

The X graft effectively mitigates the negative impact of graft warping. It is the ultimate form for tip support and for elongating short noses. It has the merits of versatility and flexibility when used to create a strong and sustainable tip support in East Asian rhinoplasty.

Level of Evidence: 4
Validated LC/MS/MS Method for the Determination of Rivastigmine in Human Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Egyptian Volunteers to Determine the Effect of Gender and Body Mass Index
Authors: ElKady Ehab F , Mostafa Eman A
Published: June 2022

The effect of gender and body mass index (BMI) on the pharmacokinetics of rivastigmine was studied in Egyptian human subjects using new bio-analytical validated LC/MS/MS method. In this study, Rivastigmine was estimated in human plasma using Escitalopram as an internal standard (IS). Rivastigmine and Escitalopram were extracted from human plasma samples by liquid–liquid extraction using diethyl ether (DEE)–dichloromethane (DCM) (70:30, v/v). Chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed phase C18 INERTSIL ODS column using 0.05% aqueous formic acid, acetonitrile in the ratio (50:50, v/v) as a mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was applied and operated by positive mode electrospray ionization. A significant difference between male and female Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (P = 0.0205; CL = 95.4) was found using Mann–Whitney U test. Also, a moderate negative correlation was found between BMI and Tmax (time to peak plasma concentration) using spearman rho test. The calculated results confirm the difference of Rivastigmine pharmacokinetics between male and female subjects. Furthermore, it indicates that Rivastigmine dose adjustment may be necessary. The method was applied for the estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters in volunteers (n = 26, 17 male and 9 female) and the effects of gender and BMI were investigated.
Increased mortality after kidney transplantation in mildly frail recipients
Authors: Pérez-Sáez María José , Arias-Cabrales Carlos E , Redondo-Pachón Dolores , Burballa Carla , Buxeda Anna , Bach Anna , Faura Anna , Junyent Ernestina , Marco Ester , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio , Crespo Marta , Pascual Julio ,   for the FRAIL-MAR Study Group, Pérez-Sáez María José , Arias-Cabrales Carlos E , Redondo Dolores , Barbosa Francesc , Cao Higini , Collado Silvia , Buxeda Anna , Burballa Carla , Crespo Marta , Pascual Julio , Faura Anna , Vera María , Bach Anna , Pedreira Guillermo , Junyent Ernestina , Folgueiras Montserrat , Castillo Yolanda , Martínez Aida , Fernández Marisol , Barbero Eva , Causadías Rosa , Carazo Jesús , Cecchini Lluis , Marco Ester , de Valderrama Delky Meza , Morgado Andrea , Muñoz Elena , Nogués Xavier , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio , Vázquez Olga , Muns María Dolores , Gárriz Miguel , Gómez María Polo , Hurtado Sara , López Maite , Ribera Laura , Guino Margarita , Roca Ramón , Calls Jordi , Rovira Alicia , Mora Josep , Ibrik Omar , Liria Florentina , López Thaïs , Almirall Jaume , Moya Carmen , Moreno Fátima , de Arellano Manel Ramírez , Rubio Sandra , Cidraque Ignacio , Pájaro Carlota , Garra Núria , Galcerán Josep , Fenollar Marina , Outón Sara , Dapena Fabiola , Jara Josep , García Rosa , Manresa Mònica
Published: June 2022

Background

Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) is the most used frailty instrument among kidney transplant recipients, classifying patients as pre-frail if they have 1–2 criteria and as frail if they have ≥3. However, different definitions of robustness have been used among renal patients, including only those who have 0 criteria, or those with 0–1 criteria. Our aim was to determine the impact of one PFP criterion on transplant outcomes.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective study of 296 kidney transplant recipients who had been evaluated for frailty by PFP at the time of evaluating for transplantation.

Results

Only 30.4% of patients had 0 criteria, and an additional 42.9% showed one PFP criterion. As PFP score increased, a higher percentage of women and cerebrovascular disease were found. Recipients with 0–1 criteria had lower 1-year mortality after transplant than those with ≥2 (1.8% vs 10.1%), but this difference was already present when we only considered those who scored 0 (mortality 1.1%) and 1 (mortality 2.4%) separately. The multivariable analysis confirmed that one PFP criterion was associated to a higher risk of patient death after kidney transplantation [hazard ratio 3.52 (95% confidence interval 1.03–15.9)].

Conclusions

Listed kidney transplant candidates frequently show only one PFP frailty criterion. This has an independent impact on patient survival after transplantation.
The role of bacterial transport systems in the removal of host antimicrobial peptides in Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Blair Jessica M A , Zeth Kornelius , Bavro Vassiliy N , Sancho-Vaello Enea
Published: June 2022

Antibiotic resistance is a global issue that threatens our progress in healthcare and life expectancy. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as promising alternatives to the classic antibiotics. AMPs are potentially superior due to their lower rate of resistance development, since they primarily target the bacterial membrane (‘Achilles' heel’ of the bacteria). However, bacteria have developed mechanisms of AMP resistance, including the removal of AMPs to the extracellular space by efflux pumps such as the MtrCDE or AcrAB–TolC systems, and the internalization of AMPs to the cytoplasm by the Sap transporter, followed by proteolytic digestion. In this review, we focus on AMP transport as a resistance mechanism compiling all the experimental evidence for the involvement of efflux in AMP resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and combine this information with the analysis of the structures of the efflux systems involved. Finally, we expose some open questions with the aim of arousing the interest of the scientific community towards the AMPs—efflux pumps interactions. All the collected information broadens our understanding of AMP removal by efflux pumps and gives some clues to assist the rational design of AMP-derivatives as inhibitors of the efflux pumps.