bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disability as a Diversity Factor: Implications for Human Resource Practices
Authors: Muyia Nafukho Fredrick , Roessler Richard T. , Kacirek Kit
Published: August 2010

Based on important findings from the four investigations in this special issue, this article discusses strategies that Human Resource Development (HRD) and Human Resource Management (HRM) personnel can use to minimize the unlawful termination of employees with disabilities and thereby preserve the diversity they bring to the workforce. HRD and HRM practitioners are constantly faced with the challenges of managing diversity given the rationale that a diverse workforce is more productive and more representative of the American population (Selden & Selden, 2001). Lack of awareness of the various forms of disability and of diversity management skills—key skills a good HRD practitioner ought to have—often results in conflict and mistrust, all of which can lead to failure to achieve individual, process, and organizational performance goals (Kochan et al., 2002). Diversity management, therefore, must take into consideration the various forms of disability—physical (mobility impairment and chronic illness), sensory (visual and hearing impairment), cognitive (mental retardation and learning disability), and emotional (depression and other psychological conditions)—as they interact with different (a) workplace demands and tasks; (b) attitudes and expectations of employers and coworkers; and (c) perceptions of people with disabilities themselves. To manage disability as a diversity issue, it is imperative that HRD and HRM practitioners, employees, management, and organizational leaders understand the meaning of disability as a diversity factor in the workplace and the potential impact of disability on critical HRM and HRD practices related to job retention and termination.
A Comparison of Allegations and Resolutions Involving Issues of Discharge Versus Constructive Discharge: Implications for Diversity Management
Authors: Roessler Richard T. , Hurley Jessica E. , McMahon Brian T.
Published: August 2010

Patterns in discrimination allegations and resolutions in discharge ( n = 130,816) and constructive discharge ( n = 9,765) were examined in data provided by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Spanning the years from 1992 to 2008, these data indicated that the most prevalent disabling conditions in discharge and constructive discharge allegations were back injuries, nonparalytic/orthopedic conditions, depression, and diabetes. Characteristics of employees and employers distinguished between the two allegation types; for example, there were differences in the gender and racial/ethnic status of employees and in the location and industry of the employers. The rate of merit decisions, namely, EEOC decisions that discrimination actually occurred, was 20% for discharge and constructive discharge, indicating that employers, for the most part, rendered legitimate decisions. Findings indicate that people with more highly stigmatized disabilities were more likely to allege discrimination regarding constructive discharge, suggesting that adverse treatment may have caused them to exit employment. Implications for human resource development and management are discussed.
ADA Title I Allegations Related to Unlawful Discharge: Characteristics of Charging Parties
Authors: Rumrill Phillip D. , Fitzgerald Shawn M. , McMahon Brian T.
Published: August 2010

This article describes findings from a causal comparative study of the characteristics of charging parties who filed allegations of discrimination related to discharge with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) between 1992 and 2008. Charging party characteristics derived from 140,581 closed unlawful discharge and constructive discharge allegations were compared and contrasted to 165,447 closed allegations aggregated from four other prevalent forms of discrimination, including hiring, disability harassment and intimidation, reasonable accommodations, and terms and conditions of employment. Tests of proportion distributed as chi-square were used to form comparisons along a variety of factors, including age, gender, type of impairment, and race/ethnicity of the charging party. In comparison to nondischarge allegations, discharge-related allegations were more likely to be filed by charging parties who are male; younger (between the ages of 15 and 34); and coping with heart/cardiovascular conditions, cancer, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, alcoholism, drug addiction, and mental retardation. People with disabilities who filed discharge allegations were comparatively less likely to be female; between the ages of 35 and 64; and White or of Asian, Hispanic, or Native American extraction. Implications for future research and HRD practice are discussed.
Review: Omega-3 and Memory Function: To Eat or Not To Eat
Authors: Itua Imose , Naderali Ebrahim K.
Published: August 2010

At present it is estimated that 25% of the population older than 85 years have significant cognitive impairment. The global prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease is expected to rise significantly in proportion to increased life expectancy. Deterioration of memory function and ultimately establishment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) severely debilitates the affected individual, uncompromisingly decreasing the quality of life of both affected patients and their care givers. Moreover, the cost of providing adequate care to patients with AD is a significant burden to both family and the health care providers. Therefore, various attempts have been made to identify means of either delaying the onset of cognitive impairment or improving memory function in patients affected by AD. Among a number of participants, importance of dietary fatty acids in particular omega-3 based fatty acids have gained significant momentum. This article aims to review published evidences for the role of omega-3 in memory function.
Acceptance of Wearable Technology by People With Alzheimer’s Disease: Issues and Accommodations
Authors: Mahoney Edward L. , Mahoney Diane F.
Published: August 2010

The increasing number of cognitively impaired older adults who exhibit wandering tendencies raises safety concerns. The purpose of the current study was to research the State-of the-Art in Wearable Technologies for persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and identify challenges unique to this population and lessons learned. Inclusion criteria specified systems/devices that completed laboratory testing and were commercially available for usage by community-based Alzheimer’s family caregivers. Methods included a series of Internet product searches and telephone interviews with related corporate representatives and participant’s referrals. Results indicated many products in development or academic research use but only a limited number were available that met the study criteria. The interviews with key informants revealed features necessary to consider when making products to be worn by persons with cognitive impairment. In conclusion, there is no ideal solution and opportunities remain for marketplace innovations and for addressing the challenges associated with balancing safety and security.
Viability and Efficacy of Coverage of Cryopreserved Human Skin Allografts in Mice
Authors: Gaucher Sonia , Nicco Carole , Jarraya Mohamed , Batteux Frédéric
Published: August 2010

Human skin allografts are considered one of the best temporary biological coverages for severe burn patients. Human skin allografts can be either viable or nonviable depending on their preservation modalities. However, there is a debate about the use of viable versus nonviable skin for severe burn patients because there is no established correlation between viability and efficacy of coverage. The authors tried to correlate the viability of cryopreserved human skin allografts as assessed by the MTT assay, with efficacy of coverage, intensity of rejection at day 8, and delay of wound healing in a xenograft model using human fresh skin (FS) and cryopreserved skin (CPS) on murine recipients (n = 49). Cryopreserved grafts were less rejectable than fresh grafts, with statistically significant different delays ( P = .0008). Mice that had received grafts healed with delays; the delays, whether associated with fresh grafts or cryopreserved grafts, were not statistically significant. On day 8 after the graft, the overall damage score for the tissue’s histological architectural integrity was higher for FS. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed a significant increase in the number of CD4 and CD8 T-cells ( P = .001) in the spleens of FS-grafted mice. These results confirm that the use of viable CPS does not change the potential for healing.
Review: The Obesity-Diabetes Association: What Is Different in Indians?
Authors: Yajnik C.S. , Ganpule-Rao A.V.
Published: August 2010

There is a growing epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the world, more than 75% of the patients are in the developing countries. India is facing a twin burden of under-nutrition and over-nutrition: it figures prominently both in the hunger map of the world as well as being the world’s capital of diabetes. Indians are susceptible to diabetes at a younger age and at a relatively lower BMI compared to the white Caucasians. This is partly explained by the fact that the thin-looking Indians are quite adipose (higher body fat percent). Intrauterine epigenetic regulation could explain the thin-fat Indian body composition. A combination of maternal one carbon metabolism derangement (influenced by vitamin B12 and Folate nutrition) and hyperglycemia appear to be major drivers. Persistent micronutrient abnormalities and rapid economic development seem to contribute to the intergenerational amplification of the diabetes-adiposity epidemic in Indians. Effective curtailment of the growing epidemic may lie in the realm of maternal and child health and nutrition.
Aqueous Extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Enhance the Sensitivity of Human Colorectal Carcinoma DLD-1 Cells to Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis via Tbx3 Suppression
Authors: Zhang Jin-fang , He Ming-liang , Qi Dong  , Xie Wei-dong , Chen Yang-chao , Lin Marie C. M. , Leung Ping-chung , Zhang Ya-ou , Kung Hsiang-fu
Published: August 2010

Chemoresistance has imposed a great challenge for cancer therapy. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) is one of the commonest Chinese herbs that has been used for thousand years. This study shows that the aqueous extract of FLL (AFLL) enhanced the sensitivity of DLD-1 colon cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Tbx3 expression was found to be suppressed by AFLL when the expression of tumor suppressor genes p14 and p53 were activated. Therefore, reduction of Tbx3 rescued the dysregulated P14ARF-P53 signaling, which in turn contributed to the sensitivity of DLD-1 cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. As a conclusion, the findings suggest that FLL has a potential of being an appealing agent for auxiliary chemotherapy in treatment of human colorectal carcinoma.
Amelioration of Radiation-Induced Hematological and Biochemical Alterations in Swiss Albino Mice by Panax ginseng Extract
Authors: Verma Preeti , Sharma Priyanka , Parmar Jyoti , Sharma Priyanka , Agrawal Annapurna , Goyal P.K.
Published: August 2010

Background. This study was carried out to observe the radioprotective effect of Panax ginseng root extract (PGE) against radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in blood and liver of mice. Materials and methods. Adult Swiss albino mice were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation in the presence (experimental) or absence (control) of PGE to study the quantitative and qualitative alterations in the blood and liver. Results. Radiation exposure resulted in a significant decline ( P < .001) in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) in peripheral blood. Maximum changes in all the parameters were observed on day 3 after irradiation. In contrast, PGE-pretreated irradiated animals showed a significant increase in erythrocyte, Hct, and Hb values compared with irradiated controls. Furthermore, a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation level over normal was recorded in irradiated control mice, whereas this increase was considerably lesser in PGE pretreated animals. Likewise, pretreatment with PGE caused a significant increase in glutathione levels in serum as well as in liver in comparison to irradiated controls. Conclusion. From this study, it is clearly evident that PGE provides protection against radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in Swiss albino mice.
Ultrasound-Induced Cell Death of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells in the Presence of Curcumin
Authors: Xinna Wang  , Xinshu Xia  , Chuanshan Xu  , Jing Xu  , Ping Wang  , Junyan Xiang  , Dingqun Bai  , Wingnang Leung Albert
Published: August 2010

Objectives. Curcumin, a natural pigment from a traditional Chinese herb, has been attracting extensive attention. The present study aims to investigate cell death of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells induced by ultrasound sonication in the presence of curcumin in vitro. Methods. The NPC cell line CNE2 was chosen as a tumor model, and curcumin concentration was kept constant at 10 µM while the cells were subjected to ultrasound exposure for 8 s at an intensity of 0.46 W/cm2. Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry with annexinV-FITC and propidium iodine staining, and nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258. Mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using flow cytometry with rhodamine 123 and dichlorodihydrofluorecein diacetate staining. Results. Flow cytometry showed that the combination of ultrasound and curcumin significantly increased the necrotic or late apoptotic rate by up to 31.37% compared with the controls. Nuclear condensation was observed in the nuclear staining, and collapse of ΔΨm and ROS increase were found in the CNE2 cells after the treatment with curcumin and ultrasound. Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that the presence of curcumin significantly enhances the ultrasound-induced cell death and ROS level, and induces the collapse of ΔΨm, suggesting that ultrasound sonication can increase the cell death of NPC cells in the presence of curcumin and that the treatment using curcumin and ultrasound together is a potential therapeutic modality in the management of malignant tumors.
An Experimental Study on the Antileukemia Effects of Gypenosides In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Hsu Hui-Ying , Yang Jai-Sing , Lu Kung-Wen , Yu Chun-Shu , Chou Su-Tze , Lin Jen-Jyh , Chen Ya-Yin , Lin Meng-Liang , Chueh Fu-Shin , Chen Shih-Shun , Chung Jing-Gung
Published: August 2010

Purpose. Gypenosides (Gyp), found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino, have been used as folk medicine for centuries and have exhibited diverse pharmacological effects, including antileukemia effects in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, Gyp were used to examine effects on cell viability, cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis in vitro. They were administered in the diet to mice injected with WEHI-3 cells in vivo. Experimental design. Effects of Gyp on WEHI-3 cells were determined by flow cytometric assay and Western blotting. Results. Gyp inhibited the growth of WEHI-3 cells. These effects were associated with the induction of G0/G1 arrest, morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and increased sub-G1 phase. Gyp promoted the production of reactive oxygen species, increased Ca2+ levels, and induced the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The effects of Gyp were dose and time dependent. Moreover, Gyp increased levels of the proapoptotic protein Bax, reduced levels of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, and stimulated release of cytochrome c, AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), and Endo G (endonuclease G) from mitochondria. The levels of GADD153, GRP78, ATF6-α, and ATF4-α were increased by Gyp, resulting in ER (endoplasmic reticular) stress in WEHI-3 cells. Oral consumption of Gyp increased the survival rate of mice injected with WEHI-3 cells used as a mouse model of leukemia. Conclusions. Results of these experiments provide new information on understanding mechanisms of Gyp-induced effects on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in an in vivo animal model.
Integrative Medicine Consultation Service in a Comprehensive Cancer Center: Findings and Outcomes
Authors: Frenkel Moshe , Cohen Lorenzo , Peterson Noemi , Palmer J. Lynn , Swint Kay , Bruera Eduardo
Published: August 2010

Objectives. This study portrays the characteristics of patients who attended an integrative oncology clinic at a large comprehensive cancer center and evaluated whether this service addressed patients’ concerns about complementary and integrative medicine (CIM). Methods. Patient information was collected prior to an integrative consultation, including demographics, previous use of CIM, and primary reason for requesting the consultation. Concerns and outcomes were measured using the Measure Yourself Concerns and Well-being (MYCaW) Scale at the consultation and then again at follow-up (6-12 weeks later). Patients met with a physician for an integrative consultation that included a discussion of nutrition, supplements, physical activity, useful complementary therapies, and the mind—body—spirit connection. Results. A total of 238 patients were referred for consultation regarding the integration of CIM into their care. The majority of participants were female (60%, n = 143), and the mean age was 56 years (range, 21-90 years), with all major cancer types represented. Patients’ leading concerns were related to “What else can I do?” and “How can I better cope?” Although distressed over these concerns at the initial consultation, intense distress (5-6 out of 6 on the MYCaW scale) was reduced to less than half (31%) by the follow-up visit. Additional qualitative data revealed that patients value the process of obtaining reliable information that empowers them to be more involved in managing their care. Conclusions. Integrative medicine consultations at a large comprehensive cancer center appear to provide some benefit in addressing patients’ concerns about CIM use.
The Nintendo Entertainment System and the 10NES Chip: Carving the Video Game Industry in Silicon
Authors: O'Donnell Casey
Published: August 2010

This essay makes the argument that the numerous ‘‘networks’’ or ‘‘inter/intranetworks’’ that structure the video game industry have lived local effects for those involved in the production of video games. In particular, this is most visible in the realm of console video game development but is visible in many other contexts as well. It uses the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) as an index into this complex and highly structured world that frequently disappears from developers perception. The essay uses largely historical data drawn from patent filings, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, and court cases to analyze these networks. The essay argues that these inter/intranetworks, as constructed, have been instrumental in the way that the game industry now finds itself structured and that as the industry has ‘‘matured,’’ the networks have become less accessible and less interoperable.
Electronic Meal Experience: A Content Analysis of Online Restaurant Comments
Authors: Pantelidis Ioannis S.
Published: August 2010

This article presents a content analysis of 2,471 customer comments regarding three hundred London restaurants on an online restaurant guide. Favorable comments far outnumbered negative reviews. The study’s chief purpose was to identify the factors that are most salient in a guest’s evaluation of a restaurant. Although food is established as the king of the meal experience, as found in other studies, the starter is cited as a highly memorable item in many consumers’ comments. A preference structure model emerges suggesting that customers consider food, service, ambience, price, menu, and decor (in that order) when reflecting on their experiences. Contrary to expectations, the model remains relatively constant when tested in times of economic plenty and economic crisis. Depending on how management monitors and responds to them, comments on electronic guides and in social media can destroy a restaurant or help secure the business’s longevity. Restaurant managers who respond successfully to comments in electronic forums can turn an unsatisfied customer to a loyal one. The study provides a comparison of comments made during times of favorable economic conditions and times of economic recession.
On the Sulfation Pattern of Polysaccharides in the Extracellular Matrix of Sheep with Chondrodysplasia
Authors: Piripi S.A. , Williams M.A.K. , Thompson K.G.
Published: August 2010

Objective:

Chondroitin sulfate is the major sulfated polysaccharide attached to the core protein, aggrecan, in the hyaline cartilage matrix. Sulfation of the cartilage matrix polysaccharide is vital for normal matrix integrity and compressive stiffness of the tissue and is therefore crucial to normal cartilage formation and consequently to endochondral ossification. Several forms of chondrodysplasia, a condition resulting in clear macroscopic deficiencies in the mechanical properties of the cartilage and characterized by reduced levels of sulfate, have been identified in both human beings and animals.

Design:

In this study, the authors used capillary electrophoresis to investigate the sulfation state of extracted chondroitin sulfate polymers.

Results:

Significantly, cartilage from affected sheep had a lower ratio of the chondroitin-derived enzymatically liberated disaccharides Δdi-mono4S to Δdi-mono6S, demonstrating reduced levels of chondroitin 4-sulfate, but not chondroitin 6-sulfate, in chondrodysplastic sheep compared to age-matched controls at all ages measured.

Conclusion:

This supports the hypothesis that a difference in chondroitin sulfate disaccharides is detectable in affected newborn lambs prior to the development of lesions.
Women’s Emotions During Interactions With Their Grown Children in Later Adulthood
Authors: Impett Emily A. , English Tammy , John Oliver P.
Published: August 2010

Do women’s interactions with their grown children improve their emotional lives later in life? Women in their early 60s participated in a 7-day daily experience study of positive and negative events to examine how interactions with their grown children contribute to specific daily emotions as well as how individual differences in adult attachment moderate these effects. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that when they interacted with their children, women low in attachment avoidance experienced boosts in joy, love, and pride, whereas women high in attachment avoidance only experienced boosts in love. Women low in attachment avoidance also experienced reduced anger but greater sadness during negative events involving their children, whereas for women high in avoidance, the experience of anger and sadness was unaffected by the presence of their children. Implications for attachment theory and parenting across the lifespan are discussed.
Different molecular behavior of CD40 mutants causing hyper-IgM syndrome
Authors: Lanzi Gaetana , Ferrari Simona , Vihinen Mauno , Caraffi Stefano , Kutukculer Necil , Schiaffonati Luisa , Plebani Alessandro , Notarangelo Luigi Daniele , Maria Fra Anna , Giliani Silvia
Published: August 2010

CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) cross-talk plays a key role in B-cell terminal maturation in the germinal centers. Genetic defects affecting CD40 cause a rare form of hyper-immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndrome, a disorder characterized by low or absent serum IgG and IgA, associated with recurrent infections. We previously reported on a few patients with homozygous CD40 mutations resulting in lack or severe reduction of CD40 cell surface expression. Here we characterize the 3 CD40 mutants due to missense mutations or small in-frame deletions, and show that the mutated proteins are synthesized but retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), likely due to protein misfolding. Interestingly, the intracellular behavior and fate differ significantly among the mutants: progressive accumulation of the P2 mutant causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of an unfolded protein response; the mutant P4 is rather efficiently disposed by the ER-associated degradation pathway, while the P5 mutant partially negotiates transport to the plasma membrane, and is competent for CD40L binding. Interestingly, this latter mutant activates downstream signaling elements when overexpressed in transfected cells. These results give new important insights into the molecular pathogenesis of HIGM disease, and suggest that CD40 deficiency can also be regarded as an ER-storage disease.
The B-cell tumor–associated antigen ROR1 can be targeted with T cells modified to express a ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor
Authors: Hudecek Michael , Schmitt Thomas M. , Baskar Sivasubramanian , Lupo-Stanghellini Maria Teresa , Nishida Tetsuya , Yamamoto Tori N. , Bleakley Marie , Turtle Cameron J. , Chang Wen-Chung , Greisman Harvey A. , Wood Brent , Maloney David G. , Jensen Michael C. , Rader Christoph , Riddell Stanley R.
Published: August 2010

Monoclonal antibodies and T cells modified to express chimeric antigen receptors specific for B-cell lineage surface molecules such as CD20 exert antitumor activity in B-cell malignancies, but deplete normal B cells. The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) was identified as a highly expressed gene in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), but not normal B cells, suggesting it may serve as a tumor-specific target for therapy. We analyzed ROR1-expression in normal nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic cells including B-cell precursors, and in hematopoietic malignancies. ROR1 has characteristics of an oncofetal gene and is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, B-CLL and mantle cell lymphoma, but not in major adult tissues apart from low levels in adipose tissue and at an early stage of B-cell development. We constructed a ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor that when expressed in T cells from healthy donors or CLL patients conferred specific recognition of primary B-CLL and mantle cell lymphoma, including rare drug effluxing chemotherapy resistant tumor cells that have been implicated in maintaining the malignancy, but not mature normal B cells. T-cell therapies targeting ROR1 may be effective in B-CLL and other ROR1-positive tumors. However, the expression of ROR1 on some normal tissues suggests the potential for toxi-city to subsets of normal cells.
Who is fit for allogeneic transplantation?
Authors: Deeg H. Joachim , Sandmaier Brenda M.
Published: August 2010

The use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has expanded progressively, facilitated by the increasing availability of unrelated donors and cord blood, and the inclusion of older patients as transplantation candidates. Indications remain diagnosis-dependent. As novel nontransplantation modalities have been developed concurrently, many patients come to HCT only when no longer responding to such therapy. However, patients with refractory or advanced disease frequently relapse after HCT, even with high-dose conditioning, and more so with reduced-intensity regimens as used for patients of older age or with comorbid conditions. Thus, patients with high-risk malignancies who have substantial comorbidities or are of advanced age are at high risk of both relapse and nonrelapse mortality and should probably not be transplanted. Being in remission or at least having shown responsiveness to pre-HCT therapy is generally associated with increased transplantation success. In addition, to handle the stress associated with HCT, patients need a good social support system and a secure financial net. They must be well informed, not only about the transplantation process, but also about expected or potential post-HCT events, including graft-versus-host disease and delayed effects that may become manifest only years after HCT.
Identification, classification and evolution of Owl Monkeys (Aotus, Illiger 1811)
Authors: Menezes Albert N , Bonvicino Cibele R , Seuánez Hector N
Published: August 2010

Background

Owl monkeys, belonging to the genusAotus, have been extensively used as animal models in biomedical research but few reports have focused on the taxonomy and phylogeography of this genus. Moreover, the morphological similarity of severalAotusspecies has led to frequent misidentifications, mainly at the boundaries of their distribution. In this study, sequence data from five mitochondrial regions and the nuclear, Y-linked,SRYgene were used for species identification and phylogenetic reconstructions using well characterized specimens ofAotus nancymaae,A. vociferans,A. lemurinus,A. griseimembra,A. trivirgatus,A. nigriceps,A. azarae boliviensisandA. infulatus.

Results

The completeMT-CO1,MT-TS1,MT-TD, MT-CO2,MT-CYBregions were sequenced in 18Aotusspecimens. ML and Bayesian topologies of concatenated data and separate regions allowed for the proposition of a tentativeAotusphylogeny, indicating thatAotusdiverged some 4.62 Million years before present (MYBP). Similar analyses with included GenBank specimens were useful for assessing species identification of deposited data.

Conclusions

Alternative phylogenetic reconstructions, when compared with karyotypic and biogeographic data, led to the proposition of evolutionary scenarios questioning the conventional diversification of this genus in monophyletic groups with grey and red necks. Moreover, genetic distance estimates and haplotypic differences were useful for species validations.
Transcriptional profiling of host gene expression in chicken embryo lung cells infected with laryngotracheitis virus
Authors: Lee Jeong Yoon , Song Joon Jin , Wooming Ann , Li Xianyao , Zhou Huaijun , Bottje Walter G , Kong Byung-Whi
Published: August 2010

Background

Infection by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV; gallid herpesvirus 1) causes acute respiratory diseases in chickens often with high mortality. To better understand host-ILTV interactions at the host transcriptional level, a microarray analysis was performed using 4 × 44 K Agilent chicken custom oligo microarrays.

Results

Microarrays were hybridized using the two color hybridization method with total RNA extracted from ILTV infected chicken embryo lung cells at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post infection (dpi). Results showed that 789 genes were differentially expressed in response to ILTV infection that include genes involved in the immune system (cytokines, chemokines, MHC, and NF-κB), cell cycle regulation (cyclin B2, CDK1, and CKI3), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cellular metabolism. Differential expression for 20 out of 789 genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). A bioinformatics tool (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) used to analyze biological functions and pathways on the group of 789 differentially expressed genes revealed that 21 possible gene networks with intermolecular connections among 275 functionally identified genes. These 275 genes were classified into a number of functional groups that included cancer, genetic disorder, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide comprehensive knowledge on global gene expression, and biological functionalities of differentially expressed genes in chicken embryo lung cells in response to ILTV infections.
Potassium deficiency induces the biosynthesis of oxylipins and glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Troufflard Stephanie , Mullen William , Larson Tony R , Graham Ian A , Crozier Alan , Amtmann Anna , Armengaud Patrick
Published: August 2010

Background

Mineral fertilization and pest control are essential and costly requirements for modern crop production. The two measures go hand in hand because plant mineral status affects plant susceptibility to pests and vice versa. Nutrient deficiency triggers specific responses in plants that optimize nutrient acquisition and reprogram metabolism. K-deficient plants illustrate these strategies by inducing high-affinity K-uptake and adjusting primary metabolism. Whether and how K deficient plants also alter their secondary metabolism for nutrient management and defense is not known.

Results

Here we show that K-deficient plants contain higher levels of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), hydroxy-12-oxo-octadecadienoic acids (HODs) and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) than K-sufficient plants. Up-regulation of the 13-LOX pathway in response to low K was evident in increased transcript levels of several biosynthetic enzymes. Indole and aliphatic glucosinolates accumulated in response to K-deficiency in a manner that was respectively dependent or independent on signaling through Coronatine-Insensitive 1 (COI1). Transcript and glucosinolate profiles of K-deficient plants resembled those of herbivore attacked plants.

Conclusions

Based on our results we propose that under K-deficiency plants produce oxylipins and glucosinolates to enhance their defense potential against herbivorous insects and create reversible storage for excess S and N.
Modulation of redox homeostasis under suboptimal conditions by Arabidopsis nudix hydrolase 7
Authors: Jambunathan Niranjani , Penaganti Anuradha , Tang Yuhong , Mahalingam Ramamurthy
Published: August 2010

Background

Nudix hydrolases play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by hydrolyzing various nuceloside diphosphate derivatives and capped mRNAs. Several independent studies have demonstrated thatArabidopsis nudix hydrolase 7(AtNUDT7) hydrolyzes NADH and ADP-ribose. Loss of functionAtnudt7-1mutant plants (SALK_046441) exhibit stunted growth, higher levels of reactive oxygen species, enhanced resistance to pathogens. However, using the same T-DNA line, two other groups reported that mutant plants do not exhibit any visible phenotypes. In this study we analyze plausible factors that account for differences in the observed phenotypes inAtnudt7. Secondly, we evaluate the biochemical and molecular consequences of increased NADH levels due to loss of function of AtNUDT7 in Arabidopsis.

Results

We identified a novel conditional phenotype ofAtnudt7-1knockout plants that was contingent upon nutrient composition of potting mix. In nutrient-rich Metro-Mix, there were no phenotypic differences between mutant and wild-type (WT) plants. In the nutrient-poor mix (12 parts vermiculite: 3 parts Redi-earth and 1 part sand), mutant plants showed the characteristic stunted phenotype. Compared with WT plants, levels of glutathione, NAD+, NADH, and in turn NADH:NAD+ratio were higher inAtnudt7-1plants growing in 12:3:1 potting mix. Infiltrating NADH and ADP-ribose into WT leaves was sufficient to induce AtNUDT7 protein. Constitutive over-expression ofAtNudt7did not alter NADH levels or resistance to pathogens. Transcriptome analysis identified nearly 700 genes differentially expressed in theAtnudt7-1mutant compared to WT plants grown in 12:3:1 potting mix. In theAtnudt7-1 mutant, genes associated with defense response, proteolytic activities, and systemic acquired resistance were upregulated, while gene ontologies for transcription and phytohormone signaling were downregulated.

Conclusions

Based on these observations, we conclude that the differences observed in growth phenotypes of theAtnudt7-1knockout mutants can be due to differences in the nutrient composition of potting mix. Our data suggests AtNUDT7 plays an important role in maintaining redox homeostasis, particularly for maintaining NADH:NAD+balance for normal growth and development. During stress conditions, rapid induction of AtNUDT7 is important for regulating the activation of stress/defense signaling and cell death pathways.
Constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β correlates with better prognosis and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human gastric cancer
Authors: Cho Yu Jin , Kim Ji Hun , Yoon Jiyeon , Cho Sung Jin , Ko Young San , Park Jong-Wan , Lee Hye Seung , Lee Hee Eun , Kim Woo Ho , Lee Byung Lan
Published: August 2010

Background

Aberrant regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been implicated in several human cancers; however, it has not been reported in the gastric cancer tissues to date. The present study was performed to determine the expression status of active form of GSK-3β phosphorylated at Tyr216 (pGSK-3β) and its relationship with other tumor-associated proteins in human gastric cancers.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue array slides containing 281 human gastric carcinoma specimens. In addition, gastric cancer cells were cultured and treated with a GSK-3β inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) for immunoblot analysis.

Results

We found that pGSK-3β was expressed in 129 (46%) of 281 cases examined, and was higher in the early-stages of pathologic tumor-node-metastasis (P < 0.001). The expression of pGSK-3β inversely correlated with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and correlated with a longer patient survival (P < 0.001). In addition, pGSK-3β expression positively correlated with that of p16, p21, p27, p53, APC, PTEN, MGMT, SMAD4, or KAI1 (P < 0.05), but not with that of cyclin D1. This was confirmed by immunoblot analysis using SNU-668 gastric cancer cells treated with LiCl.

Conclusions

GSK-3β activation was frequently observed in early-stage gastric carcinoma and was significantly correlated with better prognosis. Thus, these findings suggest that GSK-3β activation is a useful prognostic marker for the early-stage gastric cancer.
Serum N-glycome biomarker for monitoring development of DENA-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat
Authors: Fang Meng , Dewaele Sylviane , Zhao Yun-peng , Stärkel Peter , Vanhooren Valerie , Chen Yue-ming , Ji Xin , Luo Ming , Sun Bao-mu , Horsmans Yves , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M , Grassi Paola , Libert Claude , Gao Chun-fang , Chen Cuiying Chitty
Published: August 2010

Background

There is a demand for serum markers for the routine assessment of the progression of liver cancer. We previously found that serum N-linked sugar chains are altered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we studied glycomic alterations during development of HCC in a rat model.

Results

Rat HCC was induced by the hepatocarcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DENA). N-glycans were profiled using the DSA-FACE technique developed in our laboratory.

In comparison with control rats, DENA rats showed a gradual but significant increase in two glycans (R5a and R5b) in serum total N-glycans during progression of liver cirrhosis and cancer, and a decrease in a biantennary glycan (P5). The log of the ratio of R5a to P1 (NGA2F) and R5b to P1 [log(R5a/P1) and log(R5b/P1)] were significantly (p < 0.0001) elevated in HCC rats, but not in rats with cirrhosis or fibrosis or in control rats. We thus propose a GlycoTest model using the above-mentioned serum glycan markers to monitor the progression of cirrhosis and HCC in the DENA-treated rat model. When DENA-treated rats were subsequently treated with farnesylthiosalicyclic acid, an anticancer drug, progression to HCC was prevented and GlycoTest markers (P5, R5a and R5b) reverted towards non-DENA levels, and the HCC-specific markers, log(R5a/P1) and log(R5b/P1), normalized completely. Conclusions: We found an increase in core-α-1,6-fucosylated glycoproteins in serum and liver of rats with HCC, which demonstrates that fucosylation is altered during progression of HCC. Our GlycoTest model can be used to monitor progression of HCC and to follow up treatment of liver tumors in the DENA rat. This GlycoTest model is particularly important because a rapid non-invasive diagnostic procedure for tumour progression in this rat model would greatly facilitate the search for anticancer drugs.
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor modulates the expression of Salmonella typhimurium effector proteins
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhang Yong-guo , Xia Yinglin , Sun Jun
Published: August 2010

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)is a host inflammatory factor. Bacteria increase TNF-α expression in a variety of human diseases including infectious diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer. It is unknown, however, how TNF-α directly modulates bacterial protein expression during intestinal infection and chronic inflammation. In the current study, we hypothesize thatSalmonellatyphimurium senses TNF-α and show that TNF-α treatment modulatesSalmonellavirulent proteins (called effectors), thus changing the host-bacterial interaction in intestinal epithelial cells. We investigated the expression of 23Salmonellaeffectors after TNF-α exposure. We found that TNF-α treatment led to differential effector expression: effector SipA was increased by TNF-α treatment, whereas the expression levels of other effectors, including gogB and spvB, decreased in the presence of TNF-α. We verified the protein expression ofSalmonellaeffectors AvrA and SipA by Western blots. Furthermore, we used intestinal epithelial cells as our experimental model to explore the response of human intestinal cells to TNF-α pretreatedSalmonella. More bacterial invasion was found in host cells colonized withSalmonellastrains pretreated with TNF-α compared toSalmonellawithout TNF-α treatment. TNF-α pretreatedSalmonellainduced higher proinflammatory JNK signalling responses compared to theSalmonellastrains without TNF-α exposure. Exposure to TNF-α madeSalmonellato induce more inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in intestinal epithelial cells. JNK inhibitor treatment was able to suppress the effects of TNF-pretreated-Salmonellain enhancing expressions of phosphorylated-JNK and c-jun and secretion of IL-8. Overall, our study provides new insights intoSalmonella-host interactions in intestinal inflammation.
Surgical treatment of gingival overgrowth with 10 years of follow-up
Authors: Ballini Andrea , Scattarella Adele , Crincoli Vito , Carlaio Roberto Gianfranco , Papa Francesco , Perillo Letizia , Romanazzo Teodoro , Bux Maria Virginia , Nardi Gianna Maria , Dituri Angela , Cantore Stefania , Pettini Francesco , Grassi Felice Roberto
Published: August 2010

Background

In some pathological conditions, gingivitis caused by plaque accumulation can be more severe, with the result of an overgrowth. Nevertheless, the overgrowth involves the gingival margin with extension to the inter-dental papilla. The lesion may involve the inter-proximal spaces, and become so extensive that the teeth are displaced and their crowns covered. Severe overgrowth may lead to impairment in aesthetic and masticatory functions, requiring surgical excision of the excessive tissue. Aim of this study is to describe an operative protocol for the surgical treatment of localized gingival overgrowth analyzing the surgical technique, times and follow-up.

Methods

A total of 20 patients were enrolled and underwent initial, non surgical, periodontal treatment and training sessions on home oral hygiene training. The treatment plan involved radical exeresis of the mass followed by positioning of an autograft of connective tissue and keratinized gingiva.

Results

During 10 years of follow-up, all the grafts appeared well vascularized, aesthetically satisfactory, and without relapse.

Conclusions

Periodontal examinations, surgical procedures, and dental hygiene with follow-up are an essential part of the treatment protocol. However, additional effort is needed from the patient. Hopefully, the final treatment result makes it all worthwhile.
Comparison of raw and processed Radix Polygoni Multiflori (Heshouwu) by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Zhitao , Chen Hubiao , Yu Zhiling , Zhao Zhongzhen
Published: August 2010

Background

Radix Polygoni Multiflori is the dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Fam. Polygonaceae). According to Chinese medicine theory, raw (R-RPM) and processed (P-RPM) Radix Polygoni Multiflori possess different properties. The present study investigates the differences in chemistry between raw and processed Radix Polygoni Multiflori.

Methods

Five pairs of R-RPM and P-RPM as well as 15 commercial decoction pieces were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS).

Results

Two anthraquinones, namely emodin-8-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-glucoside and physcion-8-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-glucoside disappeared or decreased significantly and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside decreased after the R-RPM samples being processed. On the other hand, the contents of emodin and physcion generally increased after processing.

Conclusion

The present study indicates that processing Radix Polygoni Multiflori may change the contents and types of chemicals in it. These changes are probably responsible for the various pharmacological effects of R-RPM and P-RPM as well as hepatotoxicity.
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on a large hemangioma complicated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a case report
Authors: Antoniadou Maria , Steiropoulos Paschalis , Serasli Evangelia , Tsara Venetia
Published: August 2010

Introduction

Hemangiomas involving the upper airway can be an uncommon cause of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Case presentation

A 26-year-old Caucasian man with a known history of a large hemangioma of his head and neck presented with sleep-disordered breathing to the sleep unit of our hospital. Severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was revealed on polysomnography. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure was implemented effectively, reducing daytime hypersomnolence and significantly improving sleep parameters. After three years of adherent use, the patient remains in a good condition and the hemangioma is stable.

Conclusion

Application of continuous positive airway pressure can be an effective treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome complicated with vascular tumors. Periodic follow-up of these patients is necessary, as little is known about the long-term effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy.