bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp) and its Classification with Chemometrics
Authors: Hartono Yuniar Intan , Widyastuti Indah , Luthfah Hanna Zaidah , Islamadina Rosy , Can Adelin Theresia , Rohman Abdul
Published: September 2020

Indonesia is a rich country in terms of its biodiversity. Herbs that are widely used tomaintain a healthy body comes from the Zingiberaceae family, including temu mangga. Temu mangga(Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp) is effective for relieving gastric pain, diarrhea, menstrual pain, acneand ulcers, and increasing appetite. Besides, temu mangga is considered to have antioxidant activitydue to the presence of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine thecorrelation and classification of temu mangga from various places based on total flavonoid contentand antioxidant activities. The samples were extracted with methanol, then tested for totalflavonoid content by AlCl3 method and antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical capture method.Analysis was performed using correlation coefficient value and chemometrics PCA (PrincipalComponent Analysis) and CA (Cluster Analysis) to see the relationship between total flavonoidcontent with their antioxidant activity and to see their classification. Total flavonoid content ofmethanolic extract of temu mangga gives a moderate correlation to its antioxidant activity with r =-0.6085 and clustering samples successfully determined by PCA and CA which resulted in 4 groups.Keywords: Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp, Methanolic Extract, Flavonoid, Antioxidant, PCA, CA
Chemical Profile and Observing Honey Adulteration Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration
Authors: Prabowo Sulistyo , Prayitno Yudha Agus , Yuliani
Published: September 2020

Honey is a complex mixture that contains nutrients and bioactive composition and chemical compositionthat is needed by the human body. Honey is also rich in antioxidants because it is prone to falsification given its manyproperties. This study discusses the chemical and nutritional profiles and the observation of counterfeiting in honey usingthe infrared septicroscopy method. The honey used is obtained from providers of native honey from Kalimantan forestswith 3 kinds of honey brands, namely Mahuka A (MHA), Mahuka B (MHB) and Mahuka C (MHC). Tests of chemicaland nutritional profiles included Water content, ash content, protein content, fat content and calcium levels followed byhoney counterfeiting observation using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) method with a combination of Partial leastsquare (PLS) calibration model and Principle Component Regression (PCR). The results of all honey samples havevarying values in the water content between 26.75 - 31.00%. Ash content of 0.10 -0.16%. Protein content 0.24 - 0.88%fat content 0.08 -0.44% carbohydrate content. Observation of FTIR honey counterfeiting is used to replace the authenticity of Honey (MH). FTIR combined with Partial Least Square (PLS) was optimized in the subsequent testing ofa mixture of sucrose (MCS) with native honey (MH). Calibration models were taken in a combination of regions 1423 -1825 cm-1. A high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9960 with a calibration value (RMSEC) of the root error of thesquare root low of 0.0898% v / v was successfully understood in the MHA on the PLS model. high R2 values and lowRMSEC and RMSEP values on calibration and validation assessments with both accuracy and precision models used.
Analysis of Adulterated Pangasius Hypopthalmus Oil by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometric
Authors: Andina Lisa , Saputri Revita , Putri Aristha Novyra , Lukitaningsih Endang , Rohman Abdul
Published: September 2020

In this recent study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics have been successfully used for theclassification and quantitative analysis of adulterated Pangasius Hypopthalmus (P. hypopthalmus) oil. The aimof this research was to evaluate the ability of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric to perform theclassification and quantitative analysis of adulterated P. hypopthalmus oil in a binary mixture with palm oil(PO) and coconut oil (CO). In the development of FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for theclassification and quantitative analysis of P. hypopthalmus oil, P. hypopthalmus oil (MP and LFP) mixed withother oils such as coconut oil (CO) and palm oil (PO) at concentrations of 1-99% v/v. Classification of P.hypopthalmus oil, PO and CO were performed by the principal component analysis (PCA) and thequantification analysis was carried out by partial least square (PLS). Based on the optimization process, thebest classification results were obtained using the first derivative spectra at wave numbers of 1400-1100 cm-1.The prediction of percentage adulterated oil by PLS method also showed very good values of R2 greater than0.9999 and low standard error values in the range of 0.0176-0.703. The prediction was also perform at1400-1100 cm-1 wavenumbers using the first derivative spectra.
Characteristics of Purple Sweet Potato Yogurt and Its Effect on Lipid Profiles of Sprague Dawley Rats Fed with High Fat Diet
Authors: Lestari Lily Arsanti , Amirina Qisthira Swasti , Anindyah Dina Septari , Nisa Ainun , Huda Annisa Nurul , Indrianingrum Widiyani , Prasetyastuti  , Nurliyani
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of purple sweet potato (PSP) yogurt on thelipid profile of Sprague Dawley rats. The PSP yogurt was made from fresh PSP (F-PSP) and its powder (P-PSP).The viscosity, pH, total titratable acid, proximate, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin content, and total lacticacid bacteria (LAB) between those yogurts were compared. Selected yogurt was given to Sprague Dawley ratsfor 4 weeks. Serum lipid profiles were determined after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. F-PSP yogurt has betterphysical, chemical and microbiological properties compared to P-PSP yogurt. The serum cholesterol andtriglyceride levels in F-PSP yogurt group was not significantly different compared to control group (P>0.05).However, the reduction of serum LDL cholesterol in F-PSP yogurt group was significantly higher than controlgroup. The serum HDL cholesterol in the yogurt group decreased after 2 weeks of treatment, but it increasedafter 4 weeks of treatment. F-PSP yogurt could be used as an alternative functional food that could lower theblood cholesterol level because of the ability to reduce the LDL cholesterol level.
The Impact of Stakeholders on Schools for Improving Students’ Performance: The Case of Israeli Students Performance in the PISA Test
Authors: Ashqar Rawia , Haddad Loureen D.
Published: September 2020

This study examines the pressure employed by stakeholders on the management of schools and the insertion of reforms in the education system. The article analyzes the case-study of Israeli stakeholders’ reaction to the Israeli students’ performance in the PISA test. The argument of the article is that the media in Israel deals extensively with the performance of Israeli students in these tests, and the media turns into the main source that feeds Israeli parents knowledge of the test results. Consequently, pressure is employed by parents in particular on the government and schools to do all in their capacity to improve the results and to raise Israel’s ranking on these international tests. As a result, the government has created a commission to reform the education system. Following the implementation of the commission’s recommendations, Israel managed during the last two decades to improve the performance of Israeli students in the PISA test.
Mastery of Sumber Urip-1 farmer group in Malang Regency in the production and application of organic auxins and gibberellins
Authors: Budiyanto Moch. Agus Krisno , Rahardjanto Abdulkadir , Waluyo Lud
Published: September 2020

Organic agriculture was a manifestation of sustainable agriculture as stipulated in SDG 2. Therefore, farmer assistance activities were needed to implement organic agricultural applications, namely the manufacture and use of organic auxins and gibberellins. This communityservice aimed to provide assistance in the manufacture and use of organic auxins and gibberellins. The method in implementing this activity was direct assistance and practice to solve problems. The activity was held for three months, in Wonorejo Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency, East Java Province, with a partner named Sumber Urip-1 Farmer Group. The indicator for the success of community service activities was that> 75% of the members (out of a total of 20 people) can practice making organic auxins and gibberellins. To improve mentoring performance, there was team synergy in the form of division of labor, cooperation patterns, and collaboration patterns. Evaluation and monitoring of activities was carried out by holding morning meetings every Friday. Through a series of activities, partners have mastered the methods of (1) manufacturing and (2) using organic auxins and gibberellins. Products were branded with the brands "Vignauksin" (from bean sprouts), "Fulicauksin" (from snails), and "Zeaberelin" (from corn). Partners' mastery of the methods of making and using organic auxins and gibberellins will support organic farming efforts which were the embodiment of sustainable agriculture.
Senam Tai Chi Efektif Menurunkan Tekanan Darah, Kadar Gula, Dan Meningkatkan Kualitas Tidur Pada Lansia
Authors: Yulianti Atika
Published: September 2020

Lansia merupakan kondisi yang rentan terhadap stress yang diakibatkan dengan menurunnya kapasitas tubuh dan timbulnya berbagai penyakit degenerative antara lain seperti gangguan kualitas tidur, diabetes mellitus, hipertensi.  Penurunan kualitas tidur  sedikitnya disebabkan antara lain oleh disfungsi aktivitas pada siang hari, penurunan fungsi neurotransmitter sehingga neroepinephrine mengalami penurunan, sehingga menyebabkan mudahnya terbangun pada malam hari dan pola tidur dan istirahat berubah serta dapat mengganggu kualitas tidur lansia . Begitu juga pada gangguan kardiovaskular pada lansia, salah satunya hipertensi, gangguan ini disebabkan oleh pengkakuan pembuluh darah dan penurunan kelenturan (compliance) arteri dan ini mengakibatkan peningkatan tekanan nadi sesuai dengan umur. Perubahan ini menyebabkan penurunan compliance aorta dan pembuluh darah besar dan mengakibatkan peningkatan TDS yang menyebabkan hipertensi.  Selain itu gangguan metabolic juga menjadi resiko besar yang sering terjadi pada lansia, khusunya tingginya kasus diabetes mellitus, yang merupakan akibat dari resistensi insulin cenderung meningkat pada usia lanjut sehingga dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kadar glukosa darah. Semua keluhan degenatif yang disebutkan diatas berdampak  pada penurunan kualitas hidup lansia. Obat obatan menjadi kebutuhan yang  sangat tinggi untuk menanggulangi keluhan pada kondisi yang menua, padahal kondisi tubuh mereka sudah tidak terlalu baik untuk mensekresi obat, yang paling buruk efek konsumsi obat akan menimbulkan kelainan lain seperti gagal ginjal. Oleh karena itu pola fikir dan pola aktivitas lansia  harus segera diperbaiki. Meningkatkan pola aktivitas sangat membantu untuk menurunkan keluahan   keluhan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini digunkan senam tai chi sebagai peningkatan pola aktivitas pada lansia. Taichi sendiri dipilih karena gerakan yang aman digunakan para lanjut usia, selain itu efek terapi dari tai chi sendiri yaitu dapat menurunkan tekanan darah, menekan pengeluaran hormone hormone yang dapat meningkatkan kadar gula darah, dan menurunkan kadar kortisol dan menurunkan aktivits saraf simpatis sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas tidur pada lansia.
The Evaluation of basic and neurohormonal parameters in hot or cold temperament person proposed in Iranian Traditional Medicine: an observational study
Authors: Mohammadi Farsani Gholamreza , Naseri Mohsen , Hosseini Saeed , Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Mohammadi Farsani Taiebeh , Dorosti Motlagh Ahmadreza , Movahhed Mina
Published: September 2020

Objective: Much of energy for life sustainment is consumed as the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). Temperament is one of the core concepts in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). The aim of this study is to assess the BMR and activity of the sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system and thyroid function in hot and cold temperament people. Our study is a repeated cross-sectional study that was implemented in two stages of 45 healthy volunteers.

Methods: BMR was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. Thyroid function, sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system activity, body composition, and nutrition status were also evaluated. We used an independent T-test for data analysis by SPSS ver. 16.

Results: Overall, 45 patients aged 18-40 participated in this study. Our results showed that the mean of BMRs were respectively 1664.09 kcals and 1909.48 kcals in cold and hot temperament individuals (P<0.3). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate peripheral temperature of individuals with hot temperament were significantly higher (P<0.05), While no statistically significant difference was seen in norepinephrine to epinephrine ratio, norepinephrine to cortisol ratio and core temperature. T3 and TSH levels were respectively 1.99 and 1.26 in cold temperament individuals and 1.38 and 1.40 in hot temperament individuals (P<0.05).

Conclusion: It shows signs that there is a relationship between the BMR and neurohormonal system and body temperament meaning cold temperament people have lower BMR, sympathetic nervous system activity and thyroid function in comparison to others. Body health is negatively affected by BMR fluctuations. With regarding to this correspondence, the arrangement of a pattern for better BMR regulation is crucial.
The Effect of Breast Parenchymal Density on Breast Cancer Subtypes and Prognostic Factors
Authors: YÃ¼ksel Cemil , Ã‡ulcu Serdar , BakÄ±rarar Batuhan , DoÄŸan LÃ¼tfi
Published: September 2020

Objective: Mammographic breast parenchymal density is the radiological composition of radiodense fibroglandular tissue and radiolucent adipose tissue. Dense breasts restrict the imaging of lesions detected by mammography and reduce the sensitivity of mammography. In this study, we investigated correlation between breast parenchymal density and prognosis, tumor biology, reoperation rates and prognostic factors.

Methods: Patients who were operated for breast cancer between January 2017-December 2019 were included. The craniocaudal and mediolateral images obtained during conventional mammograms were collected in a database. The appearance of radiologically dense and lucent areas on mammography was taken as the mammographic percentage consistent with the current literatÃ¼re

Results: According to breast parenchymal density, there were 21 patients (14.7%) with type 1 breast density, 29 (20.3%) with type 2, 47 (32.9%) with type 3 and 46 (32.1%) with type 4. Mean survival time due to breast cancer was 27.45Â±17.85 months (1-63), and 139 patients (97.2%) lived, while 4 (2.8%) were exitus.

Conclusion: Increased breast parenchymal density is a crucial risk factor for breast cancer. The effects of density on tumor biology and prognosis are still controversial. Although increased breast density seems to have an effect on indicators of poor prognosis. Additional examinations should be taken into consideration in order not to cause delay or skipping in diagnosis due to the decreased sensitivity of mammography in dense breasts
Efficient classical simulation of noisy random quantum circuits in one dimension
Authors: Noh Kyungjoo , Jiang Liang , Fefferman Bill
Published: September 2020

Understanding the computational power of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is of both fundamental and practical importance to quantum information science. Here, we address the question of whether error-uncorrected noisy quantum computers can provide computational advantage over classical computers. Specifically, we study noisy random circuit sampling in one dimension (or 1D noisy RCS) as a simple model for exploring the effects of noise on the computational power of a noisy quantum device. In particular, we simulate the real-time dynamics of 1D noisy random quantum circuits via matrix product operators (MPOs) and characterize the computational power of the 1D noisy quantum system by using a metric we call MPO entanglement entropy. The latter metric is chosen because it determines the cost of classical MPO simulation. We numerically demonstrate that for the two-qubit gate error rates we considered, there exists a characteristic system size above which adding more qubits does not bring about an exponential growth of the cost of classical MPO simulation of 1D noisy systems. Specifically, we show that above the characteristic system size, there is an optimal circuit depth, independent of the system size, where the MPO entanglement entropy is maximized. Most importantly, the maximum achievable MPO entanglement entropy is bounded by a constant that depends only on the gate error rate, not on the system size. We also provide a heuristic analysis to get the scaling of the maximum achievable MPO entanglement entropy as a function of the gate error rate. The obtained scaling suggests that although the cost of MPO simulation does not increase exponentially in the system size above a certain characteristic system size, it does increase exponentially as the gate error rate decreases, possibly making classical simulation practically not feasible even with state-of-the-art supercomputers.
Strategi Guru dalam Menumbuhkan Nilai Kebersamaan pada Pendidikan Multikultural di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial , Kurniawan Agung Rimba , Alirmansyah Alirmansyah , Alazi Arahul
Published: September 2020

Based on observations at SDN 47 / IV Jambi City, there are various Malay, Minang, Batak, Javanese and Betawi cultures. Although different students are not different from each other in the learning process or in groups, students help each other if there is a group that is experiencing difficulties in the learning process. This study aims to describe the teacher's strategy in growing togetherness for students in multicultural education in elementary schools. Suggestions used are qualitative ethnographic types. The research informants were IVC grade teachers. Research instruments: observation, interview and documentation. After the data is obtained it will be analyzed using the Miles and Huberman technique (reduction, display, verification). The results of the study are teacher strategies in growing togetherness values ​​in multicultural education, namely 1). Introducing the background of each student, 2). Bring students' familiarity through interviewing students to get to know each other better with one another 3). Placing sitting in class by changing 4). Form discussion groups from different ethnic groups. 5). Getting used to mutual cooperation in class or outside the classroom.
Kreativitas Guru MI Nurul Hidayah dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa untuk Membentuk Siswa Berprestasi
Authors: Noviana Della , Rabbanie Muhammad Dahlan , Nawawi H.M Kholil
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar melalui kreativitas yang dilakukan oleh guru di kelas IV MI Nurul Hidayah Bogor tahun akademik 2018/2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Kreativitas guru yang ditemukan peneliti seperti kreativitas mengenai cara mengajar dengan cara menyenangkan, mengadakan kegiatan study tour, dan membimbing dalam kegiatan perlombaan di MI Nurul Hidayah tentunya dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa karena ketika guru mengajar dengan semangat dan kreatif maka rasa semangat itu pula tentu akan menular kepada siswa yang pada akhirnya dapat menumbuhkan minat belajar siswa dengan baik. Hal ini dibuktikan ketika dilakukan penelitian, siswa terlihat menyenangi pelajaran yang diajarkan oleh guru. Para siswa memiliki minat yang tinggi dalam belajar, suasana kelas yang riuh gembira amat tersirat ketika peneliti melakukan observasi di kelas ketika jam pelajaran berlangsung. Peneliti mendapatkan hasil bahwa dengan adanya kreativitas guru, maka suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dapat terlaksana dengan baik sehingga membuat para siswa dapat dengan mudah menerima pelajaran yang diajarkan. Setelah para siswa dapat dengan mudah menerima pelajaran, siswa tersebut akan merasa senang dengan pencapaian yang dimiliki sehingga minat yang tinggi terhadap belajar pun akan muncul kembali di setiap harinya seiring dengan kepuasan diri masing-masing siswa. Dari hasil penelitian maka peneliti dapat mengambil kesimpulan dan implikasi bahwa kreativitas guru tentunya dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa sehingga membentuk siswa berprestasi.
Implementasi Penugasan Dosen ke Sekolah (PDS) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Manajemen Kelas di SDN No.53/IX Muaro Jambi
Authors: Yantoro Yantoro , Najmiati Najmiati
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui implementasi PDS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam manajemen Kelas di kelas II SDN No 53/IX Muaro Jambi. Kegiatan PDS ini dilaksanakan di SDN No 53/IX Muaro Jambi, Pada kelas dua dengan pola pembelajaran tematik. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik Pengumpulan Data menggunakan observasi dan  dokumentasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam kegiatan PDS secara umum adalah tersusunnya perangkat pembelajaran secara baik dan benar, Secara khusus yang terfokus dalam manajemen kelas adalah guru mampu menata lingkungan fisik kelas yang baik, guru mampu menegakkan tingkah laku siswa, guru memehami masalah masalah manajemen kelas. Kesimpulan Program PDS memberikan dampak yang positif baik pada guru maupun dosen serta  sekolah dan lembaga pencetak  guru /LPTK dalam berbenah diri melalui kegiatan berkolaborasi untuk memecahkan masalah dalam dunia pendidikan.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematis pada Materi Pengolahan Data Siswa Kelas V A SDN 61/X Talang Babat
Authors: Jazimah Jazimah
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan matematis materi pengolahan data melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri pada siswa kelas V A SD Negeri 61/X Talang Babat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitan ini terdiri dari 3 siklus dan setiap siklus terdapat satu kali pertemuan. Tahapan setiap siklus adalah tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi tindakan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V A SD Negeri 61/X Talang Babat tahun ajaran 2018/2019 sebanyak 32 orang siswa. Data penelitian ini adalah teks dan angka tentang kemampuan siswa dalam materi pengolahan data. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan siswa kelas V A SD Negeri Talang Babat pada materi pengolahan data melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri. Kriteria keberhasilan penelitian adalah 80% nilai tersebut diperoleh pada siklus ke-tiga. Peningkatan nilai dari siklus pertama sampai ketiga adalah 66 % menjadi 78%, dan menjadi 88%. Hasil refleksi siklus pertama belum mampu mencapai kriteria keberhasilann dikarenakan belum terbiasa menerapkan model pembelajaran inkuiri. Jumlah siswa yang mencapai kriteria keberhasialan pada siklus ketiga adalah 28, yang belum mencapai adalah 4 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model inkuiri dapat meningkatkan kemampuan matematis siswa kelas V A SD Negeri 61/X Talang Babat materi pengolahan data.
Samed Vurgunun Ferhad Ve Şirin Oyunu İle Nazım Hikmetin Ferhad İle Şirin
Authors: Ulusoy Tunçel Ayşe
Published: September 2020

Doğu edebiyatlarında asırlardır işlenen Hüsrev ü Şirin hikâyesinin bir bölümü olup sonradan genişletilen Ferhad ü Şirin hikâyesi, tiyatro edebiyatına da konu olmuştur. Türk edebiyatında hikayeyi tiyatro eserine dönüştüren şairler arasında, farklı coğrafyalarda fakat aynı dönemlerde yaşamış ve aynı sanat metodunu benimsemiş olan Nazım Hikmet ve Samed Vurgun özellikle dikkati çekmektedir. Azeri Edebiyatında Samed Vurgun, hikâyeyi Ferhad ve Şirin adıyla manzum olarak oyunlaştırırken XII.yüzyıl şairi Nizamî'nin Hüsrev ve Şirin mesnevisini kaynak olarak almıştır (1941). Nazım Hikmet ise Ferhad ile Şirin'i, eserin halk hikâyesi versiyonunu esas alarak mensur bir tarzda kaleme alır (1948). Her iki şair de Toplumcu Gerçekçi sanat anlayışlarını bu eserlerine de yansıtmışlar, bir halk kahramanı olan 'Ferhad' karakterini ön plana almışlardır. Şairlerin, mizaçlarından, içinde yetiştikleri çevrenin kültüründen ve bireysel hikâyelerinden kaynaklanan farklılıklar, yaşadıkları dönemin siyasî olayları, hikâyeyi yeni unsurlarla zenginleştirmelerine veya bazı unsurları çıkartmalarına neden olmuştur. İki şair de iki aşk ve üç şahıs etrafında kurguladıkları eserlerinde, 'Ferhad'ın Şirin'e duyduğu kuvvetli aşk' motifini muhafaza ederken, Nazım Hikmet bu aşkı halka hizmet aşkına dönüştürmüş; Samed Vurgun ise esere vatan ve hürriyet aşkını ilave etmiştir.
Comparative Effectiveness of the Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Versus Other Antihyperglycemics on Risk of Major Adverse Kidney Events
Authors: Xie Yan , Bowe Benjamin , Gibson Andrew K. , McGill Janet B. , Yan Yan , Maddukuri Geetha , Al-Aly Ziyad
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

To examine the comparative effectiveness of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin and other non-SGLT2i antihyperglycemics on the risk of major adverse kidney events (MAKE) of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline >50%, end-stage kidney disease, or all-cause mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a cohort study of 379,033 new users of empagliflozin or other non-SGLT2i antihyperglycemics, predefined variables and covariates identified by a high-dimensional variable selection algorithm were used to build propensity scores. Weighted survival analyses were then applied to estimate the risk of MAKE.

RESULTS

Compared with other antihyperglycemics, empagliflozin use was associated with 0.99 (95% CI 0.51, 1.55) mL/min/1.73 m2 less annual reduction in eGFR, 0.25 (95% CI 0.16, 0.33) kg/m2 more annual decrease in BMI, and reduced risk of MAKE (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68 [95% CI 0.64, 0.73]). Empagliflozin use was associated with reduced risk of MAKE in eGFR ≥90, ≥60 to <90, ≥45 to <60, and ≥30 to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.60, 0.82], 0.66 [0.60, 0.73], 0.78 [0.69, 0.89]), and 0.71 [0.55, 0.92], respectively), in participants without albuminuria, with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (HR 0.65 [95% CI 0.57, 0.75], 0.72 [0.66. 0.79], and 0.74 [0.62, 0.88], respectively), and in participants with and without cardiovascular disease (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.61, 0.74] and 0.76 [0.69, 0.83], respectively). The association was evident in per-protocol analyses, which required continuation of the assigned antihyperglycemic medication (empagliflozin or other antihyperglycemics) during follow-up (HR 0.64 [95% CI 0.60, 0.70]), and in analyses requiring concurrent use of metformin in at least the first 90 days of follow-up (HR 0.63 [0.57–0.69]).

CONCLUSIONS

Among people with type 2 diabetes, empagliflozin use was associated with eGFR preservation, a greater decline in BMI, and a reduced risk of MAKE compared with other non-SGLT2i antihyperglycemics.
Dual-hormone closed loop system using a liquid stable glucagon formulation versus insulin-only closed loop system compared to a predictive low glucose suspend system: an open label, outpatient, single center, crossover, randomized control trial
Authors: Wilson Leah M. , Jacobs Peter G. , Ramsey Katrina L. , Resalat Navid , Reddy Ravi , Branigan Deborah , Leitschuh Joseph , Gabo Virginia , Guillot Florian , Senf Brian , Youssef Joseph El , Steineck Isabelle Isa Kristin , Castle Jessica R.
Published: September 2020

Objective: To assess the efficacy and
feasibility of a dual-hormone closed loop system with insulin and a novel
liquid stable glucagon formulation compared with an insulin-only closed loop
system and a predictive low glucose suspend system.

Research Design and
Methods: In a 76-hour,
randomized, crossover, outpatient study, 23 participants with type 1 diabetes
used three modes of the Oregon Artificial Pancreas system: (1) dual-hormone (DH)
closed loop control, (2) insulin-only single-hormone (SH) closed loop control and
(3) predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS). The primary endpoint was
percent time in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) from start of in-clinic aerobic exercise
(45mins at 60% VO2max) to 4 hours after.

Results: DH reduced hypoglycemia compared with SH
during and after exercise (DH 0.0% [0.0-4.2], SH 8.3% [0.0-12.5], p=0.025).
There was an increased time in hyperglycemia (>180mg/dL) during and after exercise
for DH vs SH (20.8% DH vs. 6.3% SH, p=0.038). Mean glucose during the entire
study duration was: DH 159.2, SH 151.6, PLGS 163.6 mg/dL. Across the entire
study duration, DH resulted in 7.5% more time in target range (70-180 mg/dL)
compared with the PLGS system (71.0% vs. 63.4%, p=0.044). For the entire study
duration, DH had 28.2% time in hyperglycemia versus 25.1% for SH (p=0.044) and
34.7% for PLGS (p=0.140). Four participants experienced nausea related to
glucagon leading 3 to withdraw from the study.

Conclusions: The glucagon formulation demonstrated
feasibility in a closed loop
system. The dual-hormone system reduced hypoglycemia during and after
exercise with some increase in
hyperglycemia.
Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and C infection in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation and in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Khubutiya M. Sh. , Voskanyan S. E. , Syutkin V. E. , Chulanov V. P. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Pasechnikov V. D. , Korobka V. L. , Rummo O. O. , Bessonova E. N. , Bagnenko S. F. , Abdulganiyeva D. I.
Published: September 2020

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Penguatan Pendidikan Etika dan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Sosial Budaya di SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Matesih, Karanganyar
Authors: Ratih Koesoemo , Utami Ratnasari Dyah , Fuadi Djalal , Mulyasih Sri , Febriani Dinar , Asmara Sampdoria Fajar , Aprilianti Diana Riza , Rianti Arum Wahyu , Santiana Dewi , Rahmawati Heni , Adlina Livya Mora , Rosyidi Bastian , Hidayat Muhammad Taufik
Published: September 2020

Tujuan utama kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk menumbuhkan dan memberikan penguatan  kepedulian guru dan siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Matesih Karanganyar terhadap lingkungan sosial-budaya sekolah dalam pendidikan etika dan karakter di era komunikasi global sekarang ini. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini melibatkan guru dan siswa berjumlah 34 siswa yang ada di SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Matesih yang diawali dengan pengamatan terlibat aktif, wawancara mendalam secara langsung dilanjutkan dengan teknik Partisipatory Rural Appraisal kepada guru dan siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Matesih. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya pendidikan etika dan karakter peduli lingkungan siswa yang ada di SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Matesih lebih menanggapi akan pentingnya lingkungan yang bersih, serta siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Matesih telah dapat memanfaatkan botol-botol bekas sebagai pot bunga dan lebih bertanggung jawab atas sampah yang ada di lingkungan sekolah dengan membuang sampah pada tempat sampah yang telah di sediakan oleh tim KKN-Dik maka dengan diadakannya pengabdian masyarakt pendidikan ini dapat mengetahui bahwa dengan diadakannya pendidikan etika dan karekter peduli lingkungan ini dapat menumbuhkan etika dan karakter siswa dalam bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan yang bersih, rapi, indah, dan nyaman. Oleh sebab itu, guru dan siswa perlu didorong secara berkala dan berkelanjutan dalam pendidikan etika dan karakter yang berbasis pada potensi lingkungan sosial-budaya sekolah.
Penanaman Karakter Sadar Lingkungan Melalui Program Adiwiyata di MIM Potronayan 2 Boyolali
Authors: Wahyudi Tri Nur , Prasetyo Dedy , Prasetyo Adnan Dwi , Rinawati Rinawati , Kusumawati Indah , Hasana Ummi Uswatun , Ashari Femilia Anggun , Aisyah Dhanis Resty , Anggraini Rika , Gistiani Twine Levia
Published: September 2020

Kesadaran menjaga lingkungan sekitar merupakan salah satu karakter yang harus ditanamkan kepada anak sejak dini. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan dengan melaksanakan Program Adiwiyata di sekolah. Program Adiwiyata merupakan salah satu program yang mengajarkan siswa untuk peduli dan sadar akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Berdasarkan pemaparan di atas, lebih lanjut tertarik untuk melakukan pengabdian masyarakat berupa implementasi program Adiwiyata di sekolah. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa mengenai lingkungan di MIM Potronayan 2. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode pendidikan masyarakat yang difokuskan pada warga sekolah terutama para siswa di MIM Potronayan 2. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Adiwiyata di MIM Potronayan 2 menunjukkan perubahan yang cukup signifikan. Siswa yang awalnya kurang paham mengenai pentingnya menjaga lingkungan sekitar menjadi lebih tahu dan menyadari betapa pentingnya menjaga lingkungan sekitar mereka. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari antusias para siswa dalam menjaga tanaman yang telah mereka tanam dan juga kesadaran mereka untuk membuang sampah pada tempatnya. Oleh karena itu, program Adiwiyata merupakan salah satu program yang sangat baik untuk dilaksanakan di sekolah sebagai salah satu usaha penanaman karakter cinta lingkungan sejak dini.
Pengembangan Bakat dan Kreativitas Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler di MI Muhammadiyah Sabrang Lor, Trucuk, Klaten
Authors: Wibowo Yunus Aris , Jordan Edgar , Elkasinky Aulia , Suryana Dodot Dimas , Putri Syafa Nasicha , Puspitaningrum Henny , Rahmawati Dewi , Lestari Dita Dewi , Oktavia Eva , Kinthen Nabila
Published: September 2020

Potensi yang dimiliki oleh siswa akan menjadi bakat apabila diarahkan dengan tepat. Salah satu cara untuk mengasah bakat tersebut yaitu melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Pengabdian ini dilakukan MI Muhammadiyah Sabrang Lor, Trucuk, Klaten. Pengabdian dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan observasi partisipasi penuh pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. MI Muhammadiyah  Sabrang Lor, Trucuk, Klaten mempunyai lima program ekstrakurikuler yang berjalan dengan baik. Tiap ekstrakurikuler didampingi oleh guru pendamping atau instruktur yang profesional. Tujuannya agar bakat dan kreativitas siswa dapat dimunculkan secara optimal. Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dilaksanakan setiap hari setelah jam belajar sekolah selesai. Siswa terlihat tampak antusias dan bersemangat setiap mengikuti ekstrakurikuler. Hal itu karena, siswa diberikan kebebasan untuk memilih ekstrakurikuler yang diminati. Luaran yang dicapai tidak hanya predikat juara dan partisipasi dalam kompetisi-kompetisi yang diikuti tetapi juga keberhasilan dalam menggali bakat, kreativitas serta membangun mental untuk membentuk pribadi siswa yang baik.
Pengembangan Dewi Menari sebagai Desa Wisata Tanon Lereng Gunung Telomoyo di Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Fuadi Djalal , Suharjo Suharjo , Ratih Koesoemo , Utami Ratnasari Diah , Sarbini Dwi
Published: September 2020

Dusun Tanon lereng gunung Telomoyo Kecamatan Getasan, kabupaten Semarang memiliki potensi Desa wisata (Dewi) menari yang dicanangkan  sejak tahun 2012. Dewi yang menjadi salah satu destinasi wisata yang khas dan unik, dengan sajian paket hiburan menari oleh masyarakat dusun Tanon, disamping pagelaran seni, dolanan tradisional, wisata pembelajaran (outbond), wisata psikoterapi dll belum dikelola secara maksimal dan profesional. Seiring dengan perkembangan usaha paket wisata di desa menari Tanon, persoalan penataan lingkungan, pengembangan potensi untuk produksi industri kreatif, dan pengelolaan peternakan yang bersih perlu menjadi perhatian. Kegiatan Ipteks bagi Desa Mitra (IbDM) ini, difokuskan pada dua kegiatan. Pertama, bidang lingkungan dan kedua, kegiatan berbasis pada aspek ekonomi dalam mengangkat potensi tanaman lokal, yaitu pegagan dan sayur-sayuran. Pendampingan penataan lingkungan asri, pengelolaan peternakan bersih dan pengembangan usaha hasil pertanian berbasis potensi lokal, dapat menambah daya tarik dan kenyamanan pengunjung untuk menikmati suasana pedesaan, meningkatkan jumlah pengunjung, meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat melalui pembelian produk-produk olahan kreatif dari masyarakat, yang muaranya adalah peningkatan kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup masyarakat di desa wisata, serta terwujudnya pengelolaan dan pengembangan desa wisata yang lebih menarik dan kreatif, pengelolaan peternakan yang bersih, dikembangkan pertanian produktif serta diversifikasi aneka produk olahan berbasis potensi lokal.
Implementasi Bimbingan Penggunaan Komputer terhadap UNBK Kelas 9 SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Eromoko, Wonogiri
Authors: Ishartono Naufal , Wardana Trisna Aditya , Afifah Nurul , Maikristiani Ika Wulansari , Apriliaddina Annisa , Putri Neva Kharisma Paranedya , Pramesti Syiffa Ghaisani Vanda , Puti Tunjung Nala , Nurdianzah Rochmat Agung , Hidayat MB Dian Khusnul
Published: September 2020

Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer adalah sebuah terobosan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerinta Indonesia dalam meningkatkan mutu ujian di Indonesia. Adapun masalah yang terjadi adalah seberapa siapkah siswa dalam menghadapi ujian nasional menggunakan computer, oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah pelatihan penyesuaian kepada siswa untuk terbiasa dengan computer sebagai persiapan UNBK. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam menggunakan komputer untuk mempersiapkan UNBK. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan bimbingan secara langsung kebpada siswa. Adapaun hasil dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah secara tidak langsung implementasi bimbingan penggunaan komputer pada siswa kelas 9 SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Eromoko tersebut dapat membantu siswa agar lebih mahir dalam mengoperasikan komputer sebagai basis dalam UNBK. Siswa lebih mudah beradaptasi dengan alat alat komputer dan tidak merasa kebingungan dengan peralatan komputer yang disediakan.
Menumbuhkembangkan Kepedulian Siswa terhadap Lingkungan Melalui Kegiatan Penghijauan di MIM Pakang Andong, Boyolali
Authors: Nugroho Abdillah , Fatonah Ayu , Wijaya Dwi Putra Enggar , Putri Rinanda Prakarsa , Fikri Muhammad Nurul , Setiawan Oki , Kurniawan Lastika Yuly , Astuti Juwari Septi , Primandika Febi Tria , Budiarti Sischa Aprilya Chyntia
Published: September 2020

Kondisi lingkungan yang setiap tahunnya semakin memprihatinkan. Manusia semakin tidak peduli dengan lingkungan, sehingga kerusakan lingkungan terjadi dimana-mana. Banyaknya kerusakan lingkungan akibat dari ulah manusia diantaranya pembalakan hutan secara liar dan pembuangan sampah. Kepedulian terhadap lingkungan harus ditanamkan sejak dini agar kesadaran akan menjaga lingkungan sekitar tertanam sehingga kerusakan lingkungan dapat terkurangi. Tujuan dalam melaksanakan pengabdian ini yaitu menumbuhkan kepedulian siswa terhadap lingkungan melalui kegiatan penghijauan di MIM Pakang, Andong. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian ini yaitu dengan pendidikan masyarakat melalui kegiatan penyuluhan warga sekolah terutama kepada siswa. Upaya dalam menumbuhkan kepedulian siswa terhadap lingkungan di MIM Pakang, Andong yaitu melalui kegiatan penghijauan. Kegiatan penghijauan yang dilakukan yaitu berupa menanam pohon cemara dan pembuatan taman dengan menggunakan barang bekas sebagai pot. Kepedulian siswa terhadap lingkungan baik ditunjukkan dengan siswa mengikuti semua kegiatan yang diarahkan oleh mahasiswa KKN-DIK dengan antusias yang tinggi.
Penguatan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan melalui Program Cinta Lingkungan di MIM Kranggan, Sukoharjo
Authors: Nasucha Yakub , Rahmawati Laili Etika , Silviana Yasinta , Udin Ruis , Atitah Siti , Astuti Widi , Indriyani Niko , Safitri Isnaini , Ayu Fera Diah , Aji Sulistyo , Nirmala Evatias , Arfiah Sri
Published: September 2020

Indeks Perilaku Peduli Lingkungan (IPPL) masyarakat Indonesia pada tahun 2012 berada pada kisaran angka 0,57 dari angka mutlak 1 (Kambuaya, 2013). Berdasarkan data tersebut, menunjukkan kepedulian lingkungan masyarakat Indonesia masih cukup rendah. Hal ini sejalan dengan kondisi yang ditemui tim KKNDik FKIP UMS MIM Kranggan. Oleh karena itu, tim KKNDik FKIP UMS MIM Kranggan mencanangkan dan melaksanakan program cinta lingkungan untuk menguatkan karakter peduli lingkungan siswa di MIM Kranggan. Program cinta lingkungan ini merupakan integrasi dari beberapa kegiatan, sehingga metode yang digunakan pun beragam, yaitu sosialisasi, pemberian reward, gerakan kebaikan, dan praktik langsung. Program cinta lingkuan ini terdiri dari empat kegiatan, yaitu sosialisasi PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat), lomba kebersihan kelas, gerakan membawa tumbler, dan gerakan menanam pohon. Program ini menghasilkan hasil yang positif, yaitu berupa meningkatnya kepedulian siswa untuk menjaga kebersihan lingkungan sekolah. Pengabdian ini jika dilakukan di seluruh Indonesia, mampu menciptakan manusia-manusia yang bertanggung jawab dan memberikan dampak yang siginfikan terhadap terjaganya lingkungan di Indonesia, serta mampu memberikan efek positif pada sektor yang lain, seperti terjaminnya kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia.
RHETORICAL MOVES OF ABSTRACTS: INVESTIGATING ABSTRACTS THESIS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT STUDENTS IN SURAKARTA
Authors: Karmila Karmila , Laila Malikatul
Published: September 2020

Abstract in the thesis is a must, even in the journal, research article, conference, or dissertation. People could decide whether they want to continue the full content in the paper through abstract. This research aims to what extent the rhetorical structure of abstracts follows the structure of their RAs in terms of IMRD structure and what rhetorical moves writers most frequently employ in the abstract sections of the Bachelor Abstract Thesis English Education Department. Corpus data was used to do the research. The document of abstracts 40 in total and were chosen from Undergraduate degree students in English Education Department at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The abstracts were selected randomly, and it is consists of two types of concentrations in the field of education and literature. The selected abstracts were published between 2018 to 2019. The instruments were using Hyland's  (2000) five moves to identify the selected abstracts' rhetorical structure. The result showed that most of the abstracts have a purpose (100%), then method (97,5%), and the result or product is 87,5%. The conclusion is only 22,5%, and the introduction was rarely used, it showed only 5%.
KONTEKS TUTURAN BAHASA HUMOR DALAM AKUN YOUTUBE MAJELIS LUCU INDONESIA PADA “KONTEN DEBAT KUSIR”
Authors: Sulistyawati Deny , Markhamah Markhamah , Sabardila Atiqa
Published: September 2020

This study was aimed to explore the context of speech found in Majlis Lucu Indonesia You tube account in the content of debat kusir. The data were in the form of utterances collected from  six videos entitled “Membantah Argument Deddy Corbuzier,” “Respect Reza Octovian,” “Atta Halilintar Tidak Bersalah,” “Lagi-Lagi Atta Halilintar,” “Cara MenaklukanDeddyCorbuzier,” dan “TausiyahUntuk K-Poppers.” The research approach was descriptive qualitative, particularly the reference and the documentary method. The data collection techniques used were listening, note-taking, and documentary techniques. The result indicated that there were five contexts in this study, namely, describing contextual contexts, existential contexts, situational contexts, practical contexts, and psychological contexts.
MUATAN MORAL DALAM CERITA NAGASASRA DAN SABUK INTEN KARYA S.H. MINTARDJA
Authors: Handito Tri , Kasiati Kasiati , Septi Septi
Published: September 2020

This study aims to identify the content of moral values contained in the Nagasasra and Sabukinten stories written by SH Mintardja volumes I through volume III. This research is a content analysis research with a qualitative approach. In this research the researcher becomes the main instrument of data collection. In the process of collecting data, researchers used research aids in the form of data cards and check lists. Data cards were used to record sentences in the form of conversations and portrayals of the situation and behavior of characters in the Nagasasra and Sabuk Inten stories. The captured data was then presented in the form of a statement in the form of a description of moral values. The results of the study found that there were good moral values and bad moral values that are manifested in various depictions of the behavior of the characters. Good behavior includes godly values (in the form of belief in the existence and power of God, surrender/ surrender to God, giving thanks, repenting, praying, and praying), loyalty (in the form of loyalty between husband and wife, loyalty of a soldier towards the king / leadership, and loyalty to the land of his birth), love for the country, love for the environment, responsibility, honesty, being respectful and polite, humble, and the delivery of moral values in the form of song. The bad morals were reflected in bad behavior, including not believing in the existence and power of God, cruel, greedy, immorality, cunning / cheating, arrogant / proud, defaming, stealing / robbing, low self-esteem, despair, and destructive natural. The most moral values found in the Nagasasra and Sabuk Inten volumes I through III are the value of helping (31.15%), the value of courtesy (26.23%), the value of God (16.39%), the value of loyalty ( 9.84%), the value of responsibility (6.56%), the value of humility (4.92%), the value of love for nature (3.28%), and moral messages in the form of song (1.64%).
SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF TEACHER TALK IN EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Santosa Aulia Wahyu , Kurniadi Arik
Published: September 2020

The speech act used in EFL classroom may lead to understanding or misunderstanding due to the distinct cultures between the origin of language and the users. The objective of the research were to find out speech act classification mostly used by an EFL teacher while teaching, the reason of why certain classification was preferred and the implication of the selected speech act classification toward the teaching and learning process. This research was a case study research involving an English teacher teaching an EFL class. The study uses Searle’s framework of speech act classification as the instrument. The findings of the research showed the frequency of each classification found as the following: 57% for assertive, 25 for expressive, 40% for directive, and 1% for commissive. Assertive speech acts were used mostly by the teacher because the teacher gived the students test practice and discussed it later on. The study concluded that the choice of speech acts classification determined the teaching approach and vice versa.
أثر الأوضاع الاجتماعية في فهم السنة النبوية واستنباط الأحكام الشرعية
Authors: Rachmadhani Fajar
Published: September 2020

يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن أهمية فهم السنة النبوية واستنباط الأحكام الشرعية منها في ضوء أسبابها وملابساتها ومقاصدها والأوضاع الاجتماعية التي تتعلق بها، وذكر بعض النماذج التطبيقية في فهم السنة في ضوء أوضاعها الاجتماعية. يرجو الباحث أن تأتي هذه الدراسة بفوائد عظيمة وأهمية كبيرة نظرية كانت أو تطبيقية تسهم به إسهاما فكريا عمليا في التقدم الديني والتطرر الفقهي والحديث. هذا البحث هو البحث النوعي الاستقرائي، مصادره الأساسية هي كتب الحديث الستة، كما أن مصادرها الثانوية هي كتب أصول الفقه ومقاصد الشريعة والمعلومات الواردة في المجلات والمواقع الإلكترونية وغيرها. يستخدم هذا البحث المنهج التحليلي، بحيث أنه يستخدم لإبراز خصائص الرسائل التي يتم تنفيذها بشكل موضوعي ومنهجي. الكلمات المفتاحية: الأوضاع الاجتماعية، فهم السنة، استنباط الأحكام الشرعية The purpose this study is to discuss and uncover the urgency of understanding the hadith based on sociological conditions and the conclusion of Islamic law from it and show some examples related to it. The researcher hopes that this study will bring great benefits and great importance whether theoretical or applied contribute to it in a practical intellectual contribution to religious progress and the modern jurisprudence. This research is a qualitative inductive research, its main sources are the six Hadith books, and secondary sources are books of the principles of jurisprudence and the purposes of Sharia and information contained in magazines and websites and others. This research uses the analytical approach, so that it is used to highlight the characteristics of messages that are implemented objectively and systematically.