bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control with Preplant Herbicide Programs Containing Dicamba, Isoxaflutole, and 2,4‐D
Authors: Spaunhorst Douglas J. , Johnson William G.
Published: June 2016

Glyphosate‐resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) prevalence in Midwest soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production has increased in recent years. New soybean herbicide‐resistant traits will be important management tools for herbicide‐resistant weeds. The objectives of this research were to evaluate preemergence (PRE) herbicide treatments that contain dicamba, isoxaflutole, metribuzin, S‐metolachlor, and 2,4‐D for GR Palmer amaranth control. Herbicide programs that contained isoxaflutole provided 58 to 95% control compared with 41 to 85% control by 2,4‐D or dicamba. Control of GR Palmer amaranth with mixtures containing dicamba ranged from 71 to 85% compared with 41 to 53% control with mixtures of 2,4‐D. Treatments containing one herbicide mode of action (MOA) failed to provide more than 57 and 50% GR Palmer amaranth control at 21 and 42 days after the preemergence treatment (DAPT), respectively. A mixture that contained three herbicide MOA (metribuzin plus S‐metolachlor mixed with dicamba, isoxaflutole, or 2,4‐D) controlled GR Palmer amaranth 83 to 86% compared with a treatment with a single MOA that provided 31 to 50% control. Coapplication of metribuzin with dicamba, isoxaflutole, or 2,4‐D resulted in 67 to 72% control, while mixtures of S‐metolachlor with dicamba, isoxaflutole, or 2,4‐D provided 63 to 91% GR Palmer amaranth control. In most instances mixtures with two MOA resulted in GR Palmer amaranth control that was similar to mixtures with three MOA at 42 DAPT.
Tillage, Seeding Rate, and Fertilizer Placement for Corn Grown in Claypan Soil under Low‐yielding Conditions
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W.
Published: June 2016

Environmental and economic concerns lead producers to consider conservation tillage systems. However, the lower yield often associated with corn (Zea mays L.) grown without tillage on the claypan soils of the eastern Great Plains may encourage alternative conservation tillage systems and management options. The objective of this study was to determine optimum seeding rates and fertilizer placement to improve production of corn grown in strip‐till and no‐till systems as compared with conventional tillage (chisel plow and tandem disk) on claypan soil in southeastern Kansas. Corn production was affected by tillage, fertilizer placement, and seeding rate even under low‐yielding conditions, but responses varied by site. At one site during low‐yielding conditions, conventional tillage improved yields by 28% above those obtained with no‐till with strip‐till providing intermediate yields, likely because of tillage influence on plant stand. Even though subsurface band (knife) fertilizer application improved corn yield by about 10 to 15% compared with surface band (dribble) fertilizer application, primarily due to increasing kernel weight and the number of kernels/ear, the response was more prominent in years not affected by severe drought. Increasing seeding rates from 18,000 to 34,000 seeds/acre increased plant populations, but under poor growing conditions increases in seeding rates often depressed the number of ears/plant, kernel weight, and the number of kernels/ear. Even though environmental conditions are unpredictable, seeding rates >22,000 seeds/acre on claypan soils may only provide potential yield increases under higher‐yielding environments than encountered in this study.
Presentación
Authors: Restrepo Escobar Sandra Milena
Published: June 2016

La Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó tiene el gusto de presentar el primer volumen de su revista Drugs and Addictive Behavior, que en consonancia con la misión institucional encaminada a la generación, conservación y divulgación del conocimiento científico, en procura de la formación de profesionales con conciencia crítica, aborda la temática de las adicciones desde su promoción, prevención y tratamiento, contribuyendo al desarrollo integral de la sociedad. Los artículos que en la revista se presentan son producción inédita de los autores y han sido sometidos  a un proceso de selección y revisión por pares expertos en las diferentes áreas, que han consentido la publicación de los mismos. Para el volumen 1 número 1 se presentan siete artículos, cuatro productos de de investigación, dos revisiones teóricas y un artículo de reflexión.
Editorial Una revista científica sobre drogas y conductas adictivas de Colombia para el mundo
Authors: Castaño Pérez Guillermo Alonso
Published: June 2016

El principal objetivo de la comunicación científica es el registro, evaluación, diseminación y acumulación de conocimientos.  La divulgación y difusión del saber es inherente a la propia naturaleza y práctica de la ciencia y, particularmente y con mayor rigor, a las instituciones de educación superior, las cuales tienen la responsabilidad social de promover y desarrollar investigaciones, divulgarlas y difundirlas como un bien público, de uso y beneficio general, que produzca impacto en el desarrollo de la ciencia y permita innovación en el entorno en el que ejercen influencia. Drugs and Addictive Behavior no es una revista nueva, es una publicación  que da continuidad a la revista Análisis y viene a llenar un vacío que se tiene de publicaciones especializadas en el tema de las adicciones en Colombia, Centro y Latinoamérica, regiones donde la investigación, la formación y la difusión del conocimiento en el tema, se hacen cada vez más necesarios debido a las altas prevalencias de consumo de drogas que se han estado dando, no solo de sustancias tradicionales, sino también de las nuevas drogas emergentes, ampliando su espectro a las dependencias no químicas, morbilidad ésta que también afecta la salud mental de las sociedades y sobre la que se hace muy necesario investigar y publicar.
Usos de drogas en la Argentina del final de siglo y milenio
Authors: De Leonardis Marcelo
Published: June 2016

Este artículo desea poner en debate público la complejidad del  consumo de drogas, teniendo en cuenta las perspectivas socio-histórica y geopolítica del fenómeno y su impacto en la juventud, a partir de la experiencia laboral del autor de este artículo, realizada en este campo de problemas durante los años '90 en la República Argentina. Desde una postura psicosociológica transdisciplinaria se intenta reflexionar sobre la incidencia de los usos de drogas en sectores juveniles, diferenciando los distintos patrones de uso y proponiendo algunas interpretaciones de las conductas subyacentes en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Se hace especial énfasis en no homologar usos de drogas como el problema de la juventud.
COMPARAÇÃO DE NÍVEIS DE BURNOUT ENTRE ENFERMEIROS DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PIRACICABA, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Lodi Jucilene Casati , Milagres Clarice Santana , Cainelli Eveline Costa , Horibe Tereza Mitsue
Published: June 2016

O estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos em uma investigação sobre a Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Básica (Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Unidades de Saúde da Família) no município de Piracicaba-SP. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter transversal com abordagem quantitativa que objetivou identificar o nível de Burnout de acordo com as subescalas: Esgotamento Emocional (EE), Despersonalização (DE) e Realização Profissional (RP) no trabalho. A população de estudo foi composta por 36 enfermeiros, sendo 83,3% (15) atuantes nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) e 75%  (21) nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs). Como instrumento da pesquisa, utilizou o questionário de Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) adaptado, que além de questões referentes para a classificação da Síndrome, continha perguntas de caráter sócio-demográfico e de valores pessoais relacionados ao trabalho. Os resultados obtidos mostram domínio nas duas Instituições do sexo feminino, casadas com idade superior a 30 anos. Verificou-se que 60% dos profissionais da UBS´s tinham mais de 20 anos de formação acadêmica, enquanto que, nas USF´s, 52,2% tinham de6 a10 anos de formação. Para todas as subescalas, obteve-se índice alto nas UBSs e nas USFs para toda as subescalas identificou índice moderado. Entretanto, a Síndrome pode estar sendo encobertada pelo alto e moderado sentimento de realização profissional desses enfermeiros.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA SAÚDE PARA O FORTALECIMENTO DAS REDES: O AVANÇO NA GESTÃO PÚBLICA
Authors: Cardoso Juliana Aparecida Fialho , Milagres Clarice Santana , Tavares Bruno , Silva Edson Arlindo
Published: June 2016

A administração pública brasileira passou por grandes mudanças ao longo dos séculos, essas mudanças acompanharam uma nova forma de pensar sobre as organizações (racionalidade instrumental e substantiva), isso refletiu em novos formatos de gestão pública. Nesse contexto, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88), contribuiu para uma descentralização da gestão pública e fortaleceu os sistemas de redes. O questionamento necessário se faz. De que forma a reorganização do Governo Federal (através da Constituição de 1988) aconteceu e quais os principais benefícios alcançados no que tange as temáticas SUS e sistemas de rede? Este trabalho propõe que, apesar dos avanços dos modelos de administração pública, o que se observa hoje, é um sistema híbrido em que ainda prevalece um sistema patrimonialista, no qual as prefeituras e os processos de corrupção acabam por impedir a real efetivação do SUS, prejudicando assim um avanço efetivo dos sistemas de redes de saúde, assim como toda economia pertencente a esse sistema. Ademais, a cultura do “jeitinho” brasileiro acaba fortalecendo essa forma de agir.
SENGKETA TANAH KAWASAN HUTAN DAN RESOLUSINYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH
Authors: Rokhmad Abu
Published: June 2016

Land dispute on forest area in Blora Regency is still developing. This is a form of resistence among Blora community toward the patterns of forrest management by Perhutani since New Order. Many things became the trigger like illegal logging, violence involving community members, and claim on land ownership. This article studied the phenomenon applying fiqh perspective in order to develop peace building that was based on common good. However natural resources management constituted an important part in doing worship to God, so it needed to be accorded to Islamic spirit.

***
Konflik sengketa tanah kawasan hutan di kabupaten Blora terus bergulir. Kisah ini merupakan sejarah lama karena resistensi masyarakat Blora terhadap pola-pola pengelolaan hutan oleh Perhutani telah dimulai sejak masa Orde Baru. Banyak hal yang menjadi pemicu persoalan seperti penebangan liar, kekerasan yang melibatkan warga, dan klaim kepemilikan atas tanah. Tulisan ini mencoba melakukan kajian secara fiqh atas fenomena tersebut, sebagai salah satu upaya mengembangkan resolusi perdamaian berdasarkan dari kemaslahatan bersama. Bagaimanapun pengelolaan atas alam merupakan bagian penting dari prosesi ibadah kepada Tuhan sehingga perlu disesuaikan dengan spirit Islam.
Application of a distributed catchment model to investigate hydrological impacts of climate change within Poyang Lake catchment (China)
Authors: Li Y. L. , Tao H. , Yao J. , Zhang Q.
Published: June 2016

The extreme cycles of flood and drought in the Poyang Lake catchment (China) place immense pressure on the region's water users and ecosystems. This study examines potential impacts of future climate change in the Poyang Lake catchment using the popular regional climate model, COSMO-CLM, and a distributed hydrological model, WATLAC. Near-future projections (2016–2035) indicate that the mean annual precipitation and temperature are expected to increase over the catchment, with the exception of some northern regions. Relative to the baseline period (1986–2005), the monthly mean precipitation is projected to increase in spring, summer and autumn (March-October), and to decrease in winter (November-February), with the most significant changes in September (62%) and January (−39%). Projected increases in monthly mean temperatures range from 0.3 to 1.4 °C, 0.2 to 0.7 °C, and 0.2 to 1.2 °C for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate scenarios RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Winter temperatures are expected to increase significantly regardless of the climate scenarios. WATLAC simulations indicate that future climate changes will lead to increased high flows in summer and reduced low flows in winter, in terms of both frequency and magnitude, suggesting a high likelihood of an increase in frequency and severity of flooding and droughts in the Poyang Lake catchment.
GIS-based SWMM model for simulating the catchment response to flood events
Authors: Rai Pawan Kumar , Chahar B. R. , Dhanya C. T.
Published: June 2016

The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) has been an effective tool for simulating floods in urban areas, but has been seldom applied for river systems. In this study, a geographic information system (GIS)-based SWMM model was developed to authenticate the model's viability as a streamflow simulator for modeling floods in the Brahmani river delta. The model was set up using a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Digital Elevation Model (SRTM-DEM), National Remote Sensing Centre Landuse/Land Cover (NRSC LU/LC), soil from National Bureau of Soil Survey (NBSS), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) meteorological forcings, and tuned using India-Water Resource Information System (India-WRIS) streamflow data. The calibration and validation of the model was carried out on a monthly time scale from 1980 to 2012, using a Monte Carlo based auto-calibration technique. In addition, a daily basis calibration-validation was carried out. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and Percent Bias values were found to lie between 0.616–0.899 and 0.09–14.1%, respectively. Moreover, the root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) values were almost close to zero indicating reasonably good model performance. Subsequently, the model reasonably predicted the maximum flow that should be regulated to prevent any possible inundation in the downstream areas. The developed model can thus be employed as an effective flood modeling tool.
The Preference for Internet-Based Psychological Interventions by Individuals Without Past or Current Use of Mental Health Treatment Delivered Online: A Survey Study With Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Wallin Emma Emmett Karolina , Mattsson Susanne , Olsson Erik Martin Gustaf
Published: June 2016

Background

The use of the Internet has the potential to increase access to evidence-based mental health services for a far-reaching population at a low cost. However, low take-up rates in routine care indicate that barriers for implementing Internet-based interventions have not yet been fully identified.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preference for Internet-based psychological interventions as compared to treatment delivered face to face among individuals without past or current use of mental health treatment delivered online. A further aim was to investigate predictors of treatment preference and to complement the quantitative analyses with qualitative data about the perceived advantages and disadvantages of Internet-based interventions.

Methods

Two convenience samples were used. Sample 1 was recruited in an occupational setting (n=231) and Sample 2 consisted of individuals previously treated for cancer (n=208). Data were collected using a paper-and-pencil survey and analyzed using mixed methods.

Results

The preference for Internet-based psychological interventions was low in both Sample 1 (6.5%) and Sample 2 (2.6%). Most participants preferred psychological interventions delivered face to face. Use of the Internet to search for and read health-related information was a significant predictor of treatment preference in both Sample 1 (odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.18-6.75) and Sample 2 (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.33-9.29). Being born outside of Sweden was a significant predictor of preference for Internet-based interventions, but only in Sample 2 (OR 6.24, 95% CI 1.29-30.16). Similar advantages and disadvantages were mentioned in both samples. Perceived advantages of Internet-based interventions included flexibility regarding time and location, low effort, accessibility, anonymity, credibility, user empowerment, and improved communication between therapist and client. Perceived disadvantages included anonymity, low credibility, impoverished communication between therapist and client, fear of negative side effects, requirements of computer literacy, and concerns about confidentiality.

Conclusions

Internet-based interventions were reported as the preferred choice by a minority of participants. The results suggest that Internet-based interventions have specific advantages that may facilitate help-seeking among some individuals and some disadvantages that may restrict its use. Initiatives to increase treatment acceptability may benefit from addressing the advantages and disadvantages reported in this study.
Diphenhydramine exposure in dogs: 621 cases (2008–2013)
Authors: Worth Alisha C. , Wismer Tina A. , Dorman David C.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE To characterize the signalment, dose response, and clinical signs of diphenhydramine toxicosis in dogs.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 621 dogs with diphenhydramine exposure.

PROCEDURES The electronic medical record database for an animal poison control center was reviewed from January 2008 through December 2013 to identify dogs that had ingested or been injected with diphenhydramine. Information extracted from the records and evaluated included the signalment, clinical signs observed, and estimated exposure dose of diphenhydramine. Clinical signs were categorized as none, mild, moderate, and severe.

RESULTS The mean ± SEM age of dogs was 3.6 ± 0.1 years (range, 0.1 to 16 years). Diphenhydramine exposure was by ingestion for 581 (93.6%) dogs and injection for 40 (6.4%) dogs. Only 146 (23.5%) dogs developed ≥ 1 clinical signs of toxicosis, the most common of which were associated with the nervous (lethargy, hyperactivity, agitation, hyperthermia, ataxia, tremors, and fasciculations) or cardiovascular (tachycardia) systems, and 3 dogs died. Although the presence and extent of clinical signs varied greatly among dogs, the exposure dose of diphenhydramine was positively associated with the severity of clinical signs in a dose-dependent manner regardless of the route of exposure (ingestion or injection).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs exposed to diphenhydramine developed clinical signs of toxicosis fairly infrequently, and those clinical signs were generally mild and primarily affected the neurologic and cardiovascular systems. Supportive treatment for diphenhydramine toxicosis should be administered on the basis of the clinical signs observed.
Perspectives of Canadian Final-Year Physiotherapy Students on Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy as a Career Choice
Authors: Janaudis-Ferreira Tania , Araujo Tamara , Romano Julia Marie , Camp Pat G. , Hall Mark , Mathur Sunita , Brooks Dina
Published: June 2016

Purpose: To investigate the opinions of final-year Canadian physiotherapy students of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy (CRP) and the factors influencing their decision about whether to pursue a career in CRP. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by final-year Master of Science of Physical Therapy students from three of the largest English-speaking physiotherapy schools in Canada. Results: A total of 120 students responded to the survey (overall response rate was 44%). Fifteen students (12.5%) responded that they were extremely or quite interested in specializing in CRP. The most common factors that positively influenced students' decision to consider specializing in CRP were job accessibility, potential salary, and experiences in the area, and the most common factors that negatively influenced their decision were the clinical aspects of the area, their experiences in the area, job accessibility, and the influence of others. The most common factors that positively influenced students' opinion of CRP were their clinical supervisor, educator, or lecturer; their own clinical experience; and evidence in the literature, and the most common factors that negatively influenced their opinion were their own clinical experience and their peers. Conclusion: Strategies focusing on increasing awareness of the role of physiotherapists in the care of patients with cardiorespiratory conditions, exposing students to the positive impact that physiotherapists have in this practice area, and good mentorship experiences may promote the attractiveness of this specialty.
Effects of axial power shapes on CHF locations in a single tube and in rod bundle assemblies
Authors: Han B. , Yang B.-W. , Zhang H. , Zha Y. , Zhang Y.
Published: June 2016

Currently, the prediction of rod bundle CHF is dependent on CHF correlations derived from CHF data. A simple correction factor, such as F-factor, is often used to account for the axial power shape differences based on a simple accumulated energy concept, which has totally no consideration on the impact of true local condition on CHF mechanism. Subsequently, as expected, large uncertainty is often associated with the CHF value and CHF location predictions. For the purpose of obtaining different power shapes effects on CHF, CFD calculated parameter values were used to predict the possible CHF occurrence location. The possible CHF location prediction method proposed in this paper is calculated void fraction, heat transfer coefficient (HTC), liquid temperature distribution and detailed local parameters. And the uniform and non-uniform CHF were analyzed. The prediction of possible CHF locations in a 5 × 5 rod bundle may provide useful information for the design of a full-length CHF test, enhance the accuracy of CHF and CHF location prediction, and reduce the costs of the experimentation.
A comparison of the CFD simulation results in 5 × 5 sub-channels with mixing grids using different turbulence models
Authors: Yang L. X. , Zhou M. J. , Chao Y. M.
Published: June 2016

We evaluated the performance of various turbulence models, including eddy viscosity models and Reynolds stress models, when analyzing rod bundles in fuel assemblies using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The models were assessed by calculating the pressure drop and Nusselt numbers in 5 × 5 rod bundles using the CFD software ANSYS CFX. Comparisons between the numerical and experimental results, as well as the swirl factor, cross-flow factor, and turbulence intensity utilized to evaluate the swirling and cross-flow, were used to analyze the inner relationship between the flow field and heat transfer. These comparisons allow the selection of the most appropriate turbulence model for modeling flow features and heat transfer in rod bundles.
RELAP5 investigation on subchannel flow instability
Authors: Wang S. , Yang B.-W. , Liu A. , Liu X.
Published: June 2016

Two-phase flow instability is a vitally important area of study for a large number of industrial systems. Density Wave Oscillation (DWO) is the most common type of flow instability caused by the change in flow rate or power in boiling systems. The code RELAP5 is used to simulate single channel, 2 × 2 subchannels, and 3 × 3 subchannels with typical BWR subchannel geometry. The onset of flow instability determinating criterion and the results of simulations are utilized to create a stable boundary. The stable boundary of a single channel is compared with those from results of other researchers. Some conclusions are made as follows. 3 × 3 subchannels are more stable than single channel and 2 × 2 subchannels. Open subchannels possess a larger stable region than close channels. The heating model is analyzed determining that asymmetrical heating has negative effect on stability as compared to symmetric heating. With the analysis of transit time, period and subcooling number, there is a positive linear relationship between the subcooling number and oscillation period.
Construction of Efficient MDS Matrices Based on Block Circulant Matrices for Lightweight Application
Authors: Han Huiting , Tang Chunming , Lou Yu , Xu Maozhi
Published: June 2016

Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes introduce MDS matrices which not only have applications in coding theory but also are of great importance in the design of block ciphers. It has received a great amount of attention. In this paper, we first introduce a special generalization of circulant matrices called block circulants with circulant blocks, which can be used to construct MDS matrices. Then we investigate some interesting and useful properties of this class of matrices and prove that their inverse matrices can be implemented efficiently. Furthermore, we present some 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 efficient MDS matrices of this class which are suitable for MDS diffusion layer. Compared with previous results, our construction provides better efficiency for the implementation of both the matrix and the its inverse matrix.
Study on morpho-physiological traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under rainfed condition
Authors: Rahman M , Barma NCD , Biswas BK , Khan AA , Rahman J
Published: June 2016

Nine morphological and physiological traits were taken to assess genetic parameters, association between the traits and grain yield and partition correlation of yield with other traits, which were purposefully considered as the important strategy for the investigation. Therefore, the main objective of the present investigation was to find out suitable morpho-physiological traits that could be invariably used for the yield improvement of spring wheat grown under drought stress condition. Thirty wheat diverse genotypes were evaluated under drought stress field condition in Alpha Lattice Design with three replications. The study revealed wide range of variability and high broad sense heritability for most of the traits (early ground coverage, canopy temperature, peduncle length, relative water content, number of spikes per m2 and 1,000-grain weight). Genetic advance in percent of mean suggested that there is enough scope for further improvement of genotypes for the characters studied. Correlation studies exhibited that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with early ground coverage and 1000-grain weight. The path analysis also revealed a maximum direct effect on grain yield contributed by 1000-grain weight. Early ground coverage and 1000-grain weight had a significant and spikes per m2 had positive indirect effect on grain yield. Therefore, these three traits were found to be most important for wheat breeding under drought stress. As these traits can be evaluated quickly and easily, hence breeders can choose these traits for selecting potential wheat genotypes for further breeding programs.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 235-250, June 2016
Ectopic gall bladder  An interesting case report
Authors: Reza Sharmin , Nasreen Faria , Quddus Sharmin , Mandal Tapati , Hussain Ferdous Ara
Published: June 2016

Ectopic gall bladder is a rare entity. It can often be misdiagnosed causing diagnostic dilemma leading to various complications. Ultrasonography is the most common investigation for evaluating gall bladder pathologies. However, the confirmation of ectopic gallbladder is not easily possible by this method. On the other hand, hepatobiliary scan (HIDA scan) plays an important role in evaluating the presence and position of ectopic gallbladder. Here we present a case of sonographically suspected ectopic gallbladder confirmed by hepatobiliary scan highlighting the importance of HIDA scan in ectopic gallbladder.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 156-158, July 2014
Discrete Time Dirac Quantum Walk in 3+1 Dimensions
Authors: D’Ariano Giacomo , Mosco Nicola , Perinotti Paolo , Tosini Alessandro
Published: June 2016

In this paper we consider quantum walks whose evolution converges to the Dirac equation in the limit of small wave-vectors. We show exact Fast Fourier implementation of the Dirac quantum walks in one, two, and three space dimensions. The behaviour of particle states—defined as states smoothly peaked in some wave-vector eigenstate of the walk—is described by an approximated dispersive differential equation that for small wave-vectors gives the usual Dirac particle and antiparticle kinematics. The accuracy of the approximation is provided in terms of a lower bound on the fidelity between the exactly evolved state and the approximated one. The jittering of the position operator expectation value for states having both a particle and an antiparticle component is analytically derived and observed in the numerical implementations.
Application of a Heat Flux Sensor in Wind Power Electronics
Authors: Baygildina Elvira , Smirnova Liudmila , Murashko Kirill , Juntunen Raimo , Mityakov Andrey , Kuisma Mikko , Pyrhönen Olli , Peltoniemi Pasi , Hynynen Katja , Mityakov Vladimir , Sapozhnikov Sergey
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes and investigates the application of the gradient heat flux sensor (GHFS) for measuring the local heat flux in power electronics. Thanks to its thinness, the sensor can be placed between the semiconductor module and the heat sink. The GHFS has high sensitivity and yields direct measurements without an interruption to the normal power device operation, which makes it attractive for power electronics applications. The development of systems for monitoring thermal loading and methods for online detection of degradation and failure of power electronic devices is a topical and crucial task. However, online condition monitoring (CM) methods, which include heat flux sensors, have received little research attention so far. In the current research, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module-based test setup with the GHFS implemented on the base plate of one of the IGBTs is introduced. The heat flux experiments and the IGBT power losses obtained by simulations show similar results. The findings give clear evidence that the GHFS can provide an attractive condition monitoring method for the thermal loading of power devices.
Analysis and Solution for Operations of Overcurrent Relay in Wind Power System
Authors: Ok Yeonho , Lee Jaewon , Choi Jaeho
Published: June 2016

Wind power systems are being integrated increasingly into the power grid because of their large capacity and easy access to the transmission grid. The reliability of wind power plants is very important and the elimination of protective relay’s malfunctions is essential to the mitigation of power quality problems due to the frequent starts and stops of high capacity wind generators. In this study, the problem of frequent false operations of the protective relays are analyzed using real data as line voltages, line currents, and wind speed. A new re-coordination of the overcurrent relay (OCR) based on the wind speed is proposed to avoid frequent operations of relays and tested for a grid-connected wind farm. This study verifies that the false actions by the OCRs that are not accompanied by actual electrical faults in the power grid or wind power system can be solved by the appropriate re-coordination of the OCR.
A Novel Protection Method for Single Line-to-Ground Faults in Ungrounded Low-Inertia Microgrids
Authors: Jing Liuming , Son Dae-Hee , Kang Sang-Hee , Nam Soon-Ryul
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes a novel protection method for single line-to-ground (SLG) faults in ungrounded low-inertia microgrids. The proposed method includes microgrid interface protection and unit protection. The microgrid interface protection is based on the difference between the zero-sequence voltage angle and the zero-sequence current angle at the microgrid interconnection transformer for fast selection of the faulty feeder. The microgrid unit protection is based on a comparison of the three zero-sequence current phase directions at each junction point of load or distributed energy resources. Methods are also included to locate the minimum fault section. The fault section location technology operates according to the coordination of microgrid unit protection. The proposed method responds to SLG faults that may occur in both the grid and the microgrid. Simulations of an ungrounded low-inertia microgrid with a relay model were carried out using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD)/Electromagnetic Transients including DC (EMTDC).
Association between Cognitive Status and Physical Activity: Study Profile on Baseline Survey of the My Mind Project
Authors: Gagliardi Cristina , Papa Roberta , Postacchini Demetrio , Giuli Cinzia
Published: June 2016

Background: The incidence of people with dementia is expected to increase significantly in the coming years, but it seems that there is a relationship between an active lifestyle and cognitive decline. The present study aimed to compare the characteristics and engagement in the physical activity (PA) of three groups of Italian elderly with different cognitive statuses at baseline phase. Methods: Data were examined using the results from the “My Mind Project” on 305 community-dwelling Italians. The sample was comprised of 93 subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 109 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 103 healthy elderly (HE). Results: Classification of subjects on the basis of Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) score showed that 47% of HE performed the highest level of physical activity while 40% of AD performed the lowest level. MCI subjects were distributed quite homogeneously across the levels (p < 0.001). Physical activity such as walking and light sports was carried out mainly and more frequently by HE as compared to the others (p < 0.05). As regards functional status, AD presented worse conditions in basic and instrumental activities of daily living than the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results evidenced that subjects with cognitive decline had the tendency to engage in PA less than HE. In particular, age and education negatively affected engagement in PA.
Diet before and during Pregnancy and Offspring Health: The Importance of Animal Models and What Can Be Learned from Them
Authors: Chavatte-Palmer Pascale , Tarrade Anne , Rousseau-Ralliard Delphine
Published: June 2016

This review article outlines epidemiologic studies that support the hypothesis that maternal environment (including early nutrition) plays a seminal role in determining the offspring’s long-term health and metabolism, known as the concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). In this context, current concerns are particularly focused on the increased incidence of obesity and diabetes, particularly in youth and women of child-bearing age. We summarize key similarities, differences and limitations of various animal models used to study fetal programming, with a particular focus on placentation, which is critical for translating animal findings to humans. This review will assist researchers and their scientific audience in recognizing the pros and cons of various rodent and non-rodent animal models used to understand mechanisms involved in fetal programming. Knowledge gained will lead to improved translation of proposed interventional therapies before they can be implemented in humans. Although rodents are essential for fundamental exploration of biological processes, other species such as rabbits and other domestic animals offer more tissue-specific physiological (rabbit placenta) or physical (ovine maternal and lamb birth weight) resemblances to humans. We highlight the important maternal, placental, and fetal/neonatal characteristics that contribute to developmentally programmed diseases, specifically in offspring that were affected in utero by undernutrition, overnutrition or maternal diabetes. Selected interventions aimed at prevention are summarized with a specific focus on the 1000 days initiative in humans, and maternal exercise or modification of the n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) balance in the diet, which are currently being successfully tested in animal models to correct or reduce adverse prenatal programming. Animal models are essential to understand mechanisms involved in fetal programming and in order to propose interventional therapies before they can be implemented in humans. Non-rodent animals are particularly important and should not be neglected, as they are often more physiologically-appropriate models to mimic the human situation.
Antibiotics in Wastewater of a Rural and an Urban Hospital before and after Wastewater Treatment, and the Relationship with Antibiotic Use—A One Year Study from Vietnam
Authors: Lien La , Hoa Nguyen , Chuc Nguyen , Thoa Nguyen , Phuc Ho , Diwan Vishal , Dat Nguyen , Tamhankar Ashok , Lundborg Cecilia
Published: June 2016

Hospital effluents represent an important source for the release of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria into the environment. This study aims to determine concentrations of various antibiotics in wastewater before and after wastewater treatment in a rural hospital (60 km from the center of Hanoi) and in an urban hospital (in the center of Hanoi) in Vietnam, and it aims to explore the relationship between antibiotic concentrations in wastewater before wastewater treatment and quantities of antibiotics used in the rural hospital, over a period of one year in 2013. Water samples were collected using continuous sampling for 24 h in the last week of every month. The data on quantities of antibiotics delivered to all inpatient wards were collected from the Pharmacy department in the rural hospital. Solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used for chemical analysis. Significant concentrations of antibiotics were present in the wastewater both before and after wastewater treatment of both the rural and the urban hospital. Ciprofloxacin was detected at the highest concentrations in the rural hospital’s wastewater (before treatment: mean = 42.8 µg/L; after treatment: mean = 21.5 µg/L). Metronidazole was detected at the highest concentrations in the urban hospital’s wastewater (before treatment: mean = 36.5 µg/L; after treatment: mean = 14.8 µg/L). A significant correlation between antibiotic concentrations in wastewater before treatment and quantities of antibiotics used in the rural hospital was found for ciprofloxacin (r = 0.78; p = 0.01) and metronidazole (r = 0.99; p < 0.001).
Health Outcomes of Exposure to Biological and Chemical Components of Inhalable and Respirable Particulate Matter
Authors: Morakinyo Oyewale , Mokgobu Matlou , Mukhola Murembiwa , Hunter Raymond
Published: June 2016

Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution and a significant risk factor for adverse health outcomes in humans. PM is not a self-contained pollutant but a mixture of different compounds including chemical and biological fractions. While several reviews have focused on the chemical components of PM and associated health effects, there is a dearth of review studies that holistically examine the role of biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM in disease causation. A literature search using various search engines and (or) keywords was done. Articles selected for review were chosen following predefined criteria, to extract and analyze data. The results show that the biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM play a significant role in the burden of health effects attributed to PM. These health outcomes include low birth weight, emergency room visit, hospital admission, respiratory and pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, non-communicable diseases, and premature death, among others. This review justifies the importance of each or synergistic effects of the biological and chemical constituents of PM on health. It also provides information that informs policy on the establishment of exposure limits for PM composition metrics rather than the existing exposure limits of the total mass of PM. This will allow for more effective management strategies for improving outdoor air quality.
The Effect of Analogues of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 on the Regrowth and Gene Expression of Human Colon Cancer Cells Refractory to 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Neska Jacek , Swoboda Paweł , Przybyszewska Małgorzata , Kotlarz Agnieszka , Bolla Narasimha , Miłoszewska Joanna , Grygorowicz Monika , Kutner Andrzej , Markowicz Sergiusz
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of hypocalcemic analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1,25D2) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) to inhibit regrowth and regulate the stemness-related gene expression in colon cancer cells undergoing renewal after exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). All of the tested analogues of 1,25D2 equally potently decreased the clonogenicity and the proliferative activity of HT-29 cells which survived the exposure to 5-FU, but differently regulated gene expression of these cells during their renewal. 1,25D2 and analogues (PRI-1907 and PRI-1917), as well as 1,25D3 and analogue PRI-2191, decreased the relative expression level of several stemness-related genes, such as NANOG, OCT3/4, PROM1, SOX2, ALDHA1, CXCR4, in HT-29/5-FU cells during their renewal, in comparison to untreated HT-29/5-FU cells. The other 1,25D2 analogues (PRI-1906 and PRI-1916) were not capable of downregulating the expression of these stemness-related genes as the analogues PRI-1907 and PRI-1917 did. All of the tested vitamin D analogues upregulated CDH1, the gene encoding E-cadherin associated with epithelial phenotype. Out of the series of analogues studied, side-chain branched analogues of 1,25D2 (PRI-1907, PRI-1917) and the analogue of 1,25D3 (PRI-2191) might be used to target cancer cells with stem-like phenotypes that survive conventional chemotherapy.
Potential Benefits of Dietary Fibre Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wong Celestine , Harris Philip , Ferguson Lynnette
Published: June 2016

Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to be an important cause of disease progression and the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammation appears to be a major contributor in perpetuating a dysregulated gut microbiota. Although current drug therapies can significantly induce and maintain disease remission, there is no cure for these diseases. Nevertheless, ongoing human studies investigating dietary fibre interventions may potentially prove to exert beneficial outcomes for IBD. Postulated mechanisms include direct interactions with the gut mucosa through immunomodulation, or indirectly through the microbiome. Component species of the microbiome may degrade dietary-fibre polysaccharides and ferment the products to form short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Prebiotic dietary fibres may also act more directly by altering the composition of the microbiome. Longer term benefits in reducing the risk of more aggressive disease or colorectal cancer may require other dietary fibre sources such as wheat bran or psyllium. By critically examining clinical trials that have used dietary fibre supplements or dietary patterns containing specific types or amounts of dietary fibres, it may be possible to assess whether varying the intake of specific dietary fibres may offer an efficient treatment for IBD patients.
The Protective Effects of 5-Methoxytryptamine-α-lipoic Acid on Ionizing Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury
Authors: Li Deguan , Tian Zhenyuan , Tang Weisheng , Zhang Junling , Lu Lu , Sun Zhaojin , Zhou Zewei , Fan Feiyue
Published: June 2016

Antioxidants are prospective radioprotectors because of their ability to scavenge radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hematopoietic system is widely studied in radiation research because of its high radiosensitivity. In the present study, we describe the beneficial effects of 5-methoxytryptamine-α-lipoic acid (MLA), which was synthesized from melatonin and α-lipoic acid, against radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. MLA administration significantly enhanced the survival rate of mice after 7.2 Gy total body irradiation. The results showed that MLA not only markedly increased the numbers and clonogenic potential of hematopoietic cells but also decreased DNA damage, as determined by flow cytometric analysis of histone H2AX phosphorylation. In addition, MLA decreased the levels of ROS in hematopoietic cells by inhibiting NOX4 expression. These data demonstrate that MLA prevents radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome by increasing the number and function of and by inhibiting DNA damage and ROS production in hematopoietic cells. These data suggest MLA is beneficial for the protection of radiation injuries.
Mitochondria Synthesize Melatonin to Ameliorate Its Function and Improve Mice Oocyte’s Quality under in Vitro Conditions
Authors: He Changjiu , Wang Jing , Zhang Zhenzhen , Yang Minghui , Li Yu , Tian Xiuzhi , Ma Teng , Tao Jingli , Zhu Kuanfeng , Song Yukun , Ji Pengyun , Liu Guoshi
Published: June 2016

The physiology of oocyte in vitro maturation remains elusive. Generally, the oocytes have a very low maturation rate under in vitro conditions. In the current study, we found that melatonin promotes the maturation of oocytes in which mitochondria play a pivotal role. It was identified that; (1) mitochondria are the major sites for melatonin synthesis in oocytes and they synthesize large amounts of melatonin during their maturation; (2) melatonin improves mitochondrial function by increased mtDNA copy, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial distribution and ATP production in oocytes; (3) the meiotic spindle assembly is enhanced; (4) melatonin reduces ROS production and inhibits 8-oxodG formation, thereby protecting potential DNA mutation from oxidative damage. As a result, melatonin improves the quality of oocytes, significantly accelerates the developmental ability of IVF embryo. The results provide novel knowledge on the physiology of oocyte’s maturation, especially under in vitro conditions.
A Review of the Latest Advances in Encrypted Bioactive Peptides from Protein-Rich Waste
Authors: Lemes Ailton , Sala Luisa , Ores Joana , Braga Anna , Egea Mariana , Fernandes Kátia
Published: June 2016

Bioactive peptides are considered the new generation of biologically active regulators that not only prevent the mechanism of oxidation and microbial degradation in foods but also enhanced the treatment of various diseases and disorders, thus increasing quality of life. This review article emphasizes recent advances in bioactive peptide technology, such as: (i) new strategies for transforming bioactive peptides from residual waste into added-value products; (ii) nanotechnology for the encapsulation, protection and release of controlled peptides; and (iii) use of techniques of large-scale recovery and purification of peptides aiming at future applications to pharmaceutical and food industries.
Role of Chloride in the Corrosion and Fracture Behavior of Micro-Alloyed Steel in E80 Simulated Fuel Grade Ethanol Environment
Authors: Joseph Olufunmilayo , Loto Cleophas , Sivaprasad Seetharaman , Ajayi John , Tarafder Soumitra
Published: June 2016

In this study, micro-alloyed steel (MAS) material normally used in the production of auto parts has been immersed in an E80 simulated fuel grade ethanol (SFGE) environment and its degradation mechanism in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) was evaluated. Corrosion behavior was determined through mass loss tests and electrochemical measurements with respect to a reference test in the absence of NaCl. Fracture behavior was determined via J-integral tests with three-point bend specimens at an ambient temperature of 27 °C. The mass loss of MAS increased in E80 with NaCl up to a concentration of 32 mg/L; beyond that threshold, the effect of increasing chloride was insignificant. MAS did not demonstrate distinct passivation behavior, as well as pitting potential with anodic polarization, in the range of the ethanol-chloride ratio. Chloride caused pitting in MAS. The fracture resistance of MAS reduced in E80 with increasing chloride. Crack tip blunting decreased with increasing chloride, thus accounting for the reduction in fracture toughness.