bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology, fun and compassion in dementia
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: December 2015

In the latest in a series on dementia, Aysha Mendes considers the role of technology in helping people with the condition. She discusses her time at the DementiaHack event in Toronto and discusses the various initiatives being designed to improve dementia care
Pengaruh Suhu Sintering Terhadap Sintesis Silicon Carbide (SiC) Berbahan Dasar Abu Sekam Padi dan Grafit Pensil 2B
Authors: Irfanita Resky , Ansar Asnaeni , Pratiwi Ayu Hardianti , J Jasruddin , S Subaer
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the synthesis of SiC produced from rice husk ash (RHA) and 2B graphite pencils. The SiC was synthesized by using solid state reaction method sintered at temperatures of 750°C, 1000°C and 1200°C for 26 hours, 11.5 hours and 11.5 hours, respectively. The quantity and crystallinity level of SiC phase were measured by means of Rigaku MiniFlexII X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructure of SiC was examined by using Tescan Vega3SB Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that the concentration (wt%) of SiC phase increases with the increasing of sintering temperature. SEM results showed that the crystallinity level of SiC crystal is improving as the sintering temperature increases
Surgical mortality in patients more than 80 years of age
Authors: Khan-Kheil AM , Khan HN
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Patients aged >80 years account for a considerable proportion of the population admitted to hospital under general surgeons. We aimed to establish the prevalence of mortality in patients aged >80 years who underwent emergency general, vascular and urological surgery within a 13-month period at a large teaching hospital in the UK.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was carried out of all patients aged ≥80 years admitted on acute on-call emergency under general, vascular or urological surgeons. Patient demographics (including comorbidities and sex) were recorded. American Society of Anesthesiologists scores were reviewed from anaesthetic records. The outcome measure was 30-day mortality for those who had undergone emergency general, vascular or urological surgery.

Results

A total of 4,069 patients were admitted under general, vascular and urological surgeons during the study period. Of these patients, 521 were aged >80 years. Sixty-three patients underwent emergency surgery and 12 died <30 days after surgery (mortality = 19%). The most common procedure was laparotomy (20 cases). The most common co-morbidity was cardiac disease, which included hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia. A considerable proportion of patients also had malignant disease and arthritis.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that emergency surgery should not be denied to subjects aged >80 years based on age alone. Mortality varies according to the type of emergency procedure. Mortality was highest after laparotomy and vascular surgery whereas, for more routine procedures such as hernia repair and abscess drainage, survival was almost 100% after 30 days.
Male anxiety, inadequacy and victimhood: Insecure and immature men in recent Norwegian cinema
Authors: Donnar Glen
Published: December 2015

This article examines white heterosexual men in five recent Norwegian films that expose them as anxious and immature. These films mirror wider trends in the evaluation of white male failure and inadequacy across western cinemas since the mid-2000s. Extending critical discourses on ‘crises of masculinity’, especially in US film, this article finds in these films the ambivalent legacy of enforced gender politics in Norway over the last four decades. More specifically, they focus on Norwegian male complaints and ambivalence towards societal developments in favour of gender equality. Male characters exploit the opportunities of sexual liberation. They simultaneously objectify and neurotically fear women. A multitude of mental and physical ‘ailments’ establishes the men as victims. In an attempt to reclaim destabilized masculinities, parents and sexualized women are demonized. Ultimately, however, the desire to contain female sexuality and the transition into (hetero)sexual maturity is frustrated, and male anxieties remain unrelieved and unresolved.
Authorial self-fashioning in Jörn Donner’s Portraits of Women
Authors: Koivunen Anu
Published: December 2015

In his films of the late 1960s and the early 1970s, Jörn Donner, a Swedish-speaking Finnish author, critic and film director, employed his body and popular media image as a contemporary celebrity for narrative and marketing purposes. Focusing on the film Naisenkuvia/Portraits of Women (1970), a metanarrative about the alliance of art cinema and pornography in the 1960s and a parody of Donner’s public persona, this article investigates Donner’s ‘authoring practices’ and gestures of authorial ‘self-projection’ amidst the mediatized sexual revolution of the 1960s. Portraits of Women reveals Donner’s appropriation and analysis of a newly sexualized public sphere, but the film also reads as a crisis point. While capitalizing on his public persona by casting himself as the male lead, Donner was forced to acknowledge that self-fashioning in the sphere of public sex escapes authorial control.
Arts and Crafts of Morocco (Jereb)
Authors: Katz-Harris Felicia
Published: December 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Arts and Crafts of Morocco by James F. Jereb.
Materializing Magic Power: Chinese Popular Religion in Villages and Cities (Lin)
Authors: Zhang Lijun
Published: December 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Materializing Magic Power: Chinese Popular Religion in Villages and Cities by Wei-Ping Lin.
Between Art and Artifact: Archaeological Replicas and Cultural Production in Oaxaca, Mexico (Brulotte)
Authors: King Stacie M.
Published: December 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Between Art and Artifact: Archaeological Replicas and Cultural Production in Oaxaca, Mexico by Ronda L. Brulotte.
Hotel Life: The Story of a Place Where Anything Can Happen (Levander and Guterl)
Authors: Strannegård Maria
Published: December 2015

This work is a book review considering the title Hotel Life: The Story of a Place Where Anything Can Happen by Caroline Field Levander and Matthew Pratt Guterl.
Assessment of calibration methods on impedance pneumography accuracy
Authors: Młyńczak Marcel , Niewiadomski Wiktor , Żyliński Marek , Cybulski Gerard
Published: December 2015

The aim was to assess accuracy of tidal volumes (TV) calculated by impedance pneumography (IP), reproducibility of calibration coefficients (CC) between IP and pneumotachometry (PNT), and their relationship with body posture, breathing rate and depth. Fourteen students performed three sessions of 18 series: normal and deep breathing at 6, 10, 15 breaths/min rates, while supine, sitting and standing; 18 CC were calculated for every session. Session 2 was performed 2 months after session 1, session 3 1–3 days after session 2. TV were calculated using full or limited set of CC from current session, in case of sessions 2 and 3 also using CC from session 1 and 2, respectively. When using full set of CC from current session, IP underestimated TV by -3.2%. Using CC from session 2 for session 3 measurements caused decrease of relative difference: -3.9%, from session 1 for session 2: -5.3%; for limited set of CC: -5.0%. The body posture had significant effect on CC. The highest accuracy was obtained when all factors influencing CC were considered. The application of CC related only to body posture may result in shortening of calibration and moderate accuracy loss. Using CC from previous session compromises accuracy moderately.
The Influence Of Variability Of Water Resources In Lowland Forests On Selected Parameters Describing The Condition Of Trees
Authors: Tyszka Jan , Stolarek Andrzej , Fronczak Ewa
Published: December 2015

The influence of water conditions on the condition and growth of tree stands has been analysed in the context of the climatic and hydrological functions forest plays. Long observational series obtained for precipitation, outflow and depths below the surface of the water table have been put together with measured increases in the breast-height diameters of Scots pines and the severity of crown defoliation observable in selected tree species growing on the Polish Lowland, in order to determine the overall scope to the reaction stand condition manifests in the face of ongoing variability of water conditions within forest. An overall improvement in the condition of stands over the last 20 years does not disguise several-year cyclicity to changes capable of shaping the situation, i.a. departures from long-term mean values for precipitation totals and groundwater levels. The condition of stands is seen to worsen in both dry and wet years. Analysis of the degree to which pine, spruce and broadleaved stands experience defoliation points to spruce stands responding most to extreme hydro-climatic conditions. Extreme situations as regards water resources were seen to involve a response over two-year time intervals in the case of coniferous stands. Unsurprisingly, optimal growing-season (June-September) precipitation totals correspond with long-term average figures, while being slightly higher for spruce (at 384 mm), than for Scots pine or broadleaved species (375 mm).

The relationships reported gain confirmation in analysis of periodic change in breast-height diameter increments characterising Scots pines, whose growth is seen to depend closely, not only on precipitation, but also above all on the depth of the water table in the summer half-year. Optimal depths of the water table proved to be different, being around 20 cm below ground in the case of marshy coniferous forest, 80 cm in wet habitats, and 135 cm in fresh habitats. Depending on the possibilities for water to soak into the rooting zone of trees there were even twofold differences in measured growth increments in Scots pine (as the dominant species in Poland’s lowland habitats).

The maintenance of stable water conditions (as the most variable environmental factor in forest) should be an overriding aim of management activity in this habitat. When account is taken of the influence of the state of water resources on biomass production, and then on the intensity of evapotranspiration and the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, it is seen how important it is to achieve improvements in water conditions in forests, as such an important factor in combating climate change.
Climate Change – Is It Worse Than Expected?
Authors: Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Cubasch Ulrich , Skea Jim , Kleiber Michał
Published: December 2015

A review of findings contained in the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report, of particular relevance to the Polish audience, is offered. Polish perspectives on coal-climate nexus are discussed in a broader, universal, context. Positive examples of climate policies in other countries are provided. The title of this paper refers to a public conference organized in Warsaw by the Embassies of France, Germany, and the UK and the Polish Academy of Sciences.
The Existential Democracy And Its Public Intellectual
Authors: Pralea Cristian
Published: December 2015

This paper is constructed as an elaborate answer to the question “what is and what should be a public intellectual today?” Using a range of critical theorists I argue that the function of a public intellectual is connected to specific conceptions of truth, and reveal the inherent difficulty of conceiving a straight-forward role of such a public intellectual within a relativist context. I then resolve the difficulty by elaborating an idea of an “existential democracy” revealed in and by the context of our inter-connected information society (cyberspace). What is a public intellectual today then? A public intellectual would have to be a genealogist, a critic of culture that would be capable of letting truth speak through writing, and, ultimately, a true practitioner and adherent of democracy understood existentially – meaning rather on an ontological level than political, or political only insofar as ontological. The paper also opens up a series of intriguing questions that are worth investigating in separate inquiries similar to the one I attempt here: what happens to the process of knowledge within the bounds of this existential democracy, what happens to our educational systems, and what happens with our already solidified academic understanding of humanistic research?
Crystal structures of 2-[5-nitrothien-2-yl)- CH=N–NR–CO(CH2)n]thiophene compounds (R = H or Me; n = 0 or 1)
Authors: Cardoso Laura N.F. , Noguiera Thais C.M. , Kaiser Carlos R. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M.S.V. , de Souza Marcus V.N.
Published: December 2015

The crystal structures of four acylhydrazonyl derivatives of thiophene, 2-(ArCH=N–NHCO)- thiophene, (1a),2-(ArCH=N–NMeCO)-thiophene, (2a), 2-(ArCH=N–NHCOCH2)-thiophene, (3a) and 2-(ArCH=N–NMeCOCH2)-thiophene, (4a) [in each case Ar=5-nitrothien-2-yl] are reported. The molecular conformations of1aand2aare near planar, while those of3aand4aexhibit bends at the methylene carbon. Methylations at the hydrazonyl groups in1aand3a, to give2aand4a,do not result in any significant changes in the molecular conformations. Each of the four molecular conformations possesses aZC(O)NR/E(C=N)arrangement about the C(O)–NR–N=C(H, aryl) fragment (R=H or Me). The dominant intermolecular interactions in1aand3aare N–H···O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds, with other intermolecular interactions being weaker interactions: C–H···O and N–O···π in1aand C–H···X (X=O, S, π) and π–π interactions in3a. In theN-methylated compounds, the intermolecular interactions are restricted to weaker C–H···O hydrogen bonds in2aand C–H···X (X=O or π) interactions in4a.
Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Posterior Insular Cortex Is Altered in Preclinical Models of Neuropathic Pain: Key Role of Muscarinic M2 Receptors in Donepezil-Induced Antinociception
Authors: Ferrier Jérémy , Bayet-Robert Mathilde , Dalmann Romain , El Guerrab Abderrahim , Aissouni Youssef , Graveron-Demilly Danielle , Chalus Maryse , Pinguet Jérémy , Eschalier Alain , Richard Damien , Daulhac Laurence , Marchand Fabien , Balayssac David
Published: December 2015

Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating pain conditions, yet no therapeutic strategy has been really effective for its treatment. Hence, a better understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms is necessary to identify new pharmacological targets. Here, we report important metabolic variations in brain areas involved in pain processing in a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy using HRMAS1H-NMR spectroscopy. An increased concentration of choline has been evidenced in the posterior insular cortex (pIC) of neuropathic animal, which was significantly correlated with animals' pain thresholds. The screening of 34 genes mRNA involved in the pIC cholinergic system showed an increased expression of the high-affinity choline transporter and especially the muscarinic M2 receptors, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis in oxaliplatin-treated rats and the spared nerve injury model (SNI). Furthermore, pharmacological activation of M2 receptors in the pIC using oxotremorine completely reversed oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Consistently, systemic treatment with donepezil, a centrally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, prevented and reversed oxaliplatin-induced cold and mechanical allodynia as well as social interaction impairment. Intracerebral microdialysis revealed a lower level of acetylcholine in the pIC of oxaliplatin-treated rats, which was significantly increased by donepezil. Finally, the analgesic effect of donepezil was markedly reduced by a microinjection of the M2 antagonist, methoctramine, within the pIC, in both oxaliplatin-treated rats and spared nerve injury rats. These findings highlight the crucial role of cortical cholinergic neurotransmission as a critical mechanism of neuropathic pain, and suggest that targeting insular M2 receptors using central cholinomimetics could be used for neuropathic pain treatment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur study describes a decrease in cholinergic neurotransmission in the posterior insular cortex in neuropathic pain condition and the involvement of M2 receptors. Targeting these cortical muscarinic M2 receptors using central cholinomimetics could be an effective therapy for neuropathic pain treatment.
miR-155-3p Drives the Development of Autoimmune Demyelination by Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 40
Authors: Mycko Marcin P. , Cichalewska Maria , Cwiklinska Hanna , Selmaj Krzysztof W.
Published: December 2015

microRNA-155 (miR-155) plays an important role in posttranscriptional gene regulation of the immune system. We and others have described miR-155 upregulation in T helper cells (Th) during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. We have shown that mice in which the miR-155 host gene (MIR155HG) has been deactivated are resistant to EAE. MIR155HG produces two different miRNA strands, miR-155-5p and miR-155-3p, and miR-155-5p has been considered the only functional miR-155 form. Surprisingly, we found that miR-155-3p is also strongly upregulated in Th cells infiltrating the brain in EAE. Functional manipulation of miR-155-3p expression revealed its particular role in regulation of Th17 development. The search for miRNA-155–3p target genes highlighted transcripts of two heat shock protein 40 genes,Dnaja2andDnajb1. These two genes negatively regulated Th17 differentiation, leading to decreased EAE. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into a previously unknown mechanism by which miR-155-3p controls Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune demyelination.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is brain-specific autoimmune disease mediated by T helper (Th) cells autoreactive to myelin. The mechanisms leading to MS are not fully understood and microRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as important regulators of the process. We report that, in an MS murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, miR-155 controls Th cell function by an unusual mechanism involving a rare form, miR-155-3p. miR-155-3p is specifically found in brain-infiltrating myelin-autoreactive CD4+T cells and contributes to the development of an encephalitogenic Th17 population. miR-155-3p promotes Th17 by inhibiting two heat shock protein 40 genes,Dnaja2andDnajb1. Our findings indicate a unique miRNA function in the brain-infiltrating Th cells and suggestDnaja2andDnajb1as targets for intervention in autoimmune demyelination.
Long Noncoding RNA FosDT Promotes Ischemic Brain Injury by Interacting with REST-Associated Chromatin-Modifying Proteins
Authors: Mehta Suresh L. , Kim TaeHee , Vemuganti Raghu
Published: December 2015

Ischemia induces extensive temporal changes in cerebral transcriptome that influences the neurologic outcome after stroke. In addition to protein-coding RNAs, many classes of noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs), also undergo changes in the poststroke brain. We currently evaluated the functional significance of an LncRNA called Fos downstream transcript (FosDT) that is cogenic withFosgene. Following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult rats, expression ofFosDTandFoswas induced. FosDT knockdown significantly ameliorated the postischemic motor deficits and reduced the infarct volume. Focal ischemia also increased FosDT binding to chromatin-modifying proteins (CMPs) Sin3a and coREST (corepressors of the transcription factor REST). Furthermore, FosDT knockdown derepressed REST-downstream genesGRIA2,NFκB2, andGRIN1in the postischemic brain. Thus, FosDT induction and its interactions with REST-associated CMPs, and the resulting regulation of REST-downstream genes might modulate ischemic brain damage. LncRNAs, such as FosDT, can be therapeutically targeted to minimize poststroke brain damage.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMammalian brain is abundantly enriched with long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs). Functional roles of LncRNAs in normal and pathological states are not yet understood. This study identified that LncRNA FosDT induced after transient focal ischemia modulates poststroke behavioral deficits and brain damage. These effects of FosDT in part are due to its interactions with chromatin-modifying proteins Sin3a and coREST (corepressors of the transcription factor REST) and subsequent derepression of REST-downstream genesGRIA2,NFκB2, andGRIN1. Therefore, LncRNA-mediated epigenetic remodeling could determine stroke outcome.
Neural Estimates of Imagined Outcomes in Basolateral Amygdala Depend on Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Lucantonio Federica , Gardner Matthew P.H. , Mirenzi Aaron , Newman Laura E. , Takahashi Yuji K. , Schoenbaum Geoffrey
Published: December 2015

Reciprocal connections between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) provide a critical circuit for guiding normal behavior when information about expected outcomes is required. Recently, we reported that outcome signaling by OFC neurons is also necessary for learning in the face of unexpected outcomes during a Pavlovian over-expectation task. Key to learning in this task is the ability to build on prior learning to infer or estimate an amount of reward never previously received. OFC was critical to this process. Notably, in parallel work, we found that BLA was not necessary for learning in this setting. This suggested a dissociation in which the BLA might be critical for acquiring information about the outcomes but not for subsequently using it to make novel predictions. Here we evaluated this hypothesis by recording single-unit activity from BLA in rats during the same Pavlovian over-expectation task used previously. We found that spiking activity recorded in BLA in control rats did reflect novel outcome estimates derived from the integration of prior learning, however consistent with a model in which this process occurs in the OFC, these correlates were entirely abolished by ipsilateral OFC lesions. These data indicate that this information about these novel predictions is represented in the BLA, supported via direct or indirect input from the OFC, even though it does not appear to be necessary for learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are involved in behavior that depends on knowledge of impending outcomes. Recently, we found that only the OFC was necessary for using such information for learning in a Pavlovian over-expectation task. The current experiment was designed to search for neural correlates of this process in the BLA and, if present, to ask whether they would still be dependent on OFC input. We found that although spiking activity in BLA in control rats did reflect the novel outcome estimates underlying learning, these correlates were entirely abolished by OFC lesions.
Prosodic characteristics of different varieties of Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Constantini Ana Carolina , Almeida Barbosa Plinio
Published: December 2015

Analisamos um conjunto particular de parâmetros prosódicos para caracterizar sete variedades do Português Brasileiro (PB). As amostras de fala de 35 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 35,4 anos, de São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Distrito Federal (DF), região Nordeste (NE) e região Norte (N) foram coletadas. As amostras foram segmentadas em unidades de vogal-a-vogal (unidades VV) e oito medidas foram extraídas: taxa de elocução, média, desvio padrão, assimetria de z-score suave de duração da unidade VV, taxa de proeminência, taxa de não-proeminente da unidade VV/s, ênfase espectral e mediana de F0. One-Way ANOVA (p <0,05) indicou significado para a taxa de não-proeminente da unidade VV, o desvio padrão, a assimetria de z-score, a ênfase espectral e a mediana de F0. Os resultados separaram variedades faladas no Norte daquelas no Sul. A descrição das características prosódicas é relevante para fins forenses, já que pode ser usado como prova e apoio durante a resolução do caso.
Preoperative Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated with Early Morbidity and Mortality after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Şaşkın Hüseyin , Düzyol Çagrı , Özcan Kazım Serhan , Aksoy Rezan , Idiz Mustafa
Published: December 2015

Objective: To investigate the association of platelet to lymphocyte ratio to mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting operation.
Methods: We evaluated records of 916 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting operation between January 2009 and May 2014 retrospectively. Patients were grouped as Group 1 (n = 604) if the platelet to lymphocyte ratio was above 142 and Group 2 (n = 312) if platelet to lymphocyte ratio was below 142.
Results: The number of patients who developed a neurologic event during the hospital stay and in the first postoperative month was 7 (1.2%) in Group 1 and 12 (3.8%) in Group 2 for which the difference was statistically significant (P = .007). Early term mortality occurred in 3 patients (0.5%) in Group 1 and in 10 patients (3.2%) in Group 2 for which the difference was statistically highly significant (P = .001). In univariate and multivariate regression analysis, the preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio was determined as an independent risk factor for occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the early postoperative period, reoperation for sternum dehiscence, occurrence of a neurologic event, prolonged stay in the hospital and mortality.
Conclusion: In this study, elevated levels of platelet to lymphocyte ratio were associated with mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting operation.
Editorial
Authors: Barreto Édgar Arturo Ramírez , García Cesar Augusto Vásquez
Published: December 2015

Ensayo es indicio de búsqueda como también lo es de superación de tropiezos y dificultades. En este ensayo se intentará superar la dificultad que existe en el proceso escritural de pasar de la capacidad lectora a concreciones verbales vehiculadoras, no ya de intuiciones sino de ideas argumentadas.
Literatura urbana en Colombia. Claves para comprender las transformaciones culturales del país
Authors: Van der Linde Carlos-Germán
Published: December 2015

En este estudio se cree que la literatura ofrece suficientes claves para comprender las transformaciones culturales de nuestro país. Las representaciones de sensibilidades e imaginarios en la novelística urbana colombiana ofrecen líneas de sentido para realizar un bosquejo cultural de los cambios finiseculares y de comienzo del siglo XXI. En Angosta (2003), de Abad Faciolince, se lee que, desde el inicio de la colonización europeizante, el desarraigo y la sensación de vacío fue el factor común.

El acento mítico, telúrico o barroco del realismo mágico garciamarquiano ha trasmutado a un tono más urbano, minimalista e hiperrealista. No obstante el giro, el balance final conduce a una salida similar: una hojarasca, una disfonía, una trampa. Esta sensación de desesperanza y desarraigo es reiterativa en la novela reciente. Insistencia que finalmente está representando el siguiente imaginario cultural: la cancelación de la pulsión vital (erótica) a manos de la pulsión disfórica (tanática).
La ontología formal del arte
Authors: Falcón Luis Álvarez
Published: December 2015

La investigación que aquí les presentamos plantea las condiciones de posibilidad de la experiencia estética a partir de la configuración formal de los objetos del arte. Su articulación parte de las consideraciones clásicas en torno al problema de la constitución de la realidad. El eje central de la discusión tomará como referencia las potentes intuiciones kantianas sobre el concepto de finalidad, poniendo en juego la paradójica naturaleza del principio de identidad y de causalidad. Los planteamientos clásicos y modernos se interpretarán desde una descripción fenomenológica, en lo que será la tesis principal de la propuesta: la íntima relación entre el modo de aparecer de los objetos artísticos y la aparición de la obra de arte. La convergencia de los planteamientos expuestos mostrará que la teoría estética contemporánea ha puesto de manifiesto las relaciones críticas entre forma lógica, forma estética y forma artística, recuperando la exigencia de una ontología formal en la que se exhiben los dinamismos propios de la subjetividad y su forma de configurar el mundo.
El problema de decir de una cosa que es una obra de arte
Authors: Repizzo Adryan Fabrizio Pineda
Published: December 2015

Este artículo se centra en los marcos de definición de uno de los problemas más importantes de la filosofía del arte: la ontología de la obra de arte. Considera que un paso previo al de plantear respuestas tentativas es otorgar claridad al problema filosófico. En esta medida, presenta las raíces del problema en las tradiciones kantiana y hegeliana, y posteriormente discute algunas de las respuestas que filósofos contemporáneos han propuesto sobre el asunto. El debate muestra que es posible establecer el marco de definición del problema de la ontología de la obra de arte entre al menos dos límites, el de la sensación y el del significado. Sin embargo, queda la pregunta de si sostener la mencionada dicotomía es aun una estrategia plausible.
Reseña: Realidad, arte y conocimiento. La deriva estética tras el pensamiento contemporáneo
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Sebastián Ballén
Published: December 2015

Luis Álvarez Falcón
Horsori Editorial. Barcelona. 2009
Participación de la plebe santafereña en los albores de la Independencia
Authors: Pérez Robert Ojeda
Published: December 2015

Por medio de este artículo se quieren mostrar las distintas formas de participación que tuvo la plebe en Santafé frente a los abusos de poder del sistema colonial. La historiografía ha ubicado como punto de partida del proceso de independencia un hecho histórico como fue el ocurrido el 20 de julio de 1810, y además ha señalado la participación de la élite criolla como único agente en dicho proceso. Con este escrito se invita a relexionar sobre otros sujetos, quienes también agenciaron el proceso de independencia y desde muchos años atrás. Se exponen una serie de
estudios de caso, que hacen parte de una investigación empírica más compleja, para sustentar dicha relexión sobre la participación de la plebe santafereña en los albores de la Independencia.
Editorial
Authors: Fonseca Miguel
Published: December 2015

El paradigma de la Filosofía del Lenguaje ha implicado una reorientación en las tareas y la estructura metodológica de la filosofía. El análisis propedéutico de las ciencias; el estudio del significado y las referencias; la naturaleza de la verdad; las relaciones del significado y la mente; el uso del lenguaje; al igual que la delimitación precisa de la filosofía, a partir de un análisis epistemológico formal, han implicado la idea de “analiticidad” como derrotero del ejercicio filosófico. En este sentido, se ha bautizado con un poco de imprecisión como Filosofía Analítica a todas las escuelas y corrientes de pensamiento que comparten este aire de familia en sus objetivos, tareas y metodologías.
Análisis e interpretación en el discurso literario neopragmático
Authors: Restrepo Porfirio Cardona
Published: December 2015

La creencia de que la interpretación de un texto consiste en la búsqueda de un significado del mismo, está asociado con la intención del autor; por otro lado, es una postura que defienden filósofos tanto de la tradición angloamericana como los deconstructivistas de la tradición continental. Este hecho ha creado reacciones en el neopragmatismo norteamericano, sobre todo en Richard Shusterman. La tesis central en este escrito es que la obra de este filósofo se constituye en una vía intermedia entre la propuesta analítica y la deconstructiva, donde la interpretación no es concebida para desenmarañar lo oculto por el autor y describir el significado de lo que está en el texto, sino desarrollar y transmitir una respuesta significativa
al mismo, teniendo en la cuenta las transformaciones sociales, culturales, históricas y las experiencias somáticas.
Entre sismógrafos y pupilas: el papel de las humanidades en la formación universitaria actual
Authors: Muñoz Alicia Natalí Chamorro
Published: December 2015

Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo fue fundamentar la importancia de las humanidades dentro del concepto de universidad de calidad, en cuanto se comprendan estas como un horizonte donde es posible el pensar, función fundamental de la institución universitaria como conciencia elaborada. Para ello, desde la perspectiva de la filosofía de la educación, se hiló una argumentación a partir de categorías que emergieron de textos teóricos, entrevistas, textos filosóficos y análisis de las tesis de pregrado de facultades de ciencias humanas de dos universidades de Bogotá, a partir de la teoría fundamentada. Así, este artículo se introduce en la reflexión de unas nuevas humanidades que abran un espacio, dentro de la universidad, para la construcción del cosmopolitismo y la capacidad de pensar lo excluido y el acontecimiento, cuestiones necesarias para la universidad latinoamericana.
Tensiones éticas entre educación humanista y educación para la renta
Authors: Arizabaleta Martha Cecilia Vidal
Published: December 2015

El presente trabajo reflexiona la tensión entre educación humanista y educación para la renta, teniendo como trasfondo la argumentación de Martha Nussbaum en Sin fines de lucro. Por qué la democracia necesita de las humanidades, con el ánimo de pensar el estado de la educación en las sociedades democráticas. La tendencia general en la mayoría de países ha sido considerar el crecimiento económico como el objetivo fundamental de la sociedad, es decir, que se debe buscar, ante todo, el incremento de la riqueza total de la nación, y a este objetivo deben dedicarse todos los esfuerzos del Estado y de la sociedad en general. Desde esta perspectiva, cuando se trata de pensar un sistema de educación, cabe preguntarse: ¿cómo prepara a las personas jóvenes para la vida? ¿Cómo forma en la comprensión de las diferencias culturales y en el pensamiento crítico? ¿interesan los valores y los sentimientos morales? En últimas, ¿cómo responde el sistema educativo frente a prácticas sociales desviadas en entornos donde se privilegia de forma explícita el crecimiento económico y la instrumentalización del saber? ¿Qué conductas patológicas podrían asociarse con esta concepción? Por tanto, si la educación es para las personas, necesitan entenderse los problemas que se afrontan en el proceso de transformación de los estudiantes en ciudadanos de la democracia.
La aniquilación de la aristocracia en Lirio Negro de José María Vargas Vila
Authors: Mayorga Witton Becerra
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo entrega algunos resultados de la investigación La nación y la poesía. En éste, se señala uno de los aspectos más destacados de la relación entre la literatura y la vida social y política de finales del siglo XIX en Colombia. A través del estudio de la novela Lirio negro de José María Vargas Vila se evidencia una de las formas literarias de la imposibilidad de la construcción de una nación en Colombia a partir del principio de lo que aquí llamamos “autoaniquilación de la aristocracia.”
Reseña: Los dominicos insurgentes y realistas, de México al Río de la Plata
Authors: Torres Fray Eugenio Martín Torres
Published: December 2015

En México no es usual preparar libros, ya sean compilados o propios, con una mirada a la América española. Tampoco abundan los trabajos sobre la participación de los religiosos dominicos en la insurgencia, pese a los estudios publicados por la Orden. Por esas dos razones, este libro parece ser singular. También se distingue por el perfil de los 28 autores, puesto que estudiantes y egresados de la licenciatura, maestría y doctorado comparten créditos con profesionales de la historia y académicos notables dedicados de tiempo completo a la investigación, e historiadores de la Orden de Predicadores. Esa diversidad, fortalecida con la consulta de documentos novedosos en archivos y bibliotecas, enriquece los acercamientos históricos y despliega diversos aspectos de la lucha independentista.
Humanidad y universo digital: prolegómenos al problema ético de la utilidad y el perjuicio de lo digital para la vida
Authors: Serrano Jorge Francisco Maldonado , Rodríguez Dairon
Published: December 2015

No resulta fácil determinar si la humanidad se beneficia o perjudica con la tecnología digital. Para aportar a este debate, es preciso revisar el funcionamiento del universo digital. ¿Qué estatuto puede dársele?, ¿se trata de una realidad reducible a explicaciones físicas?, ¿puede considerarse una realidad metafísica? Este primer componente del problema debe ser recorrido con la mayor minucia posible; sin embargo, comprender el funcionamiento no conlleva directamente comprender los usos de lo digital y las maneras en que la cotidianidad de lo humano puede verse transformada. Este segundo componente del problema abrirá paso al juicio ético. El tercer componente del problema es, en este orden de ideas, la relación entre el universo digital en sí y su usuario. Si es posible comprender mejor esta relación entre lo digital y la “humanidad digitalizada”,¿podríamos a partir de allí evaluar la utilidad y los perjuicios de lo digital para la vida? Solo un cuarto componente del problema nos permitirá diferenciar en qué sentido el perjuicio de la tecnología digital depende del uso que se le dé y en qué sentido el beneficio es intrínseco a ella misma. El objetivo de este artículo es recorrer estos cuatro componentes para proponer una lectura crítica del universo digital y su actualización en la sociedad.
La inteligencia colectiva y la responsabilidad social y política del investigador. “Del yo al nosotros y del nosotros al todo”
Authors: Mahecha Luis Eduardo Wilches , Silva Ricardo Javier Jiménez
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo busca avivar el diálogo político, ético,ecológico y participante, frente a la permanente necesidad de deconstruir y reconstruir propuestas, tras la búsqueda de epistemes que favorezcan la generación de conocimientos y comprensiones, relacionadas con un enfoque transdisciplinar denominado inteligencia colectiva. Esto a partir de metodologías, métodos e instrumentos propios, que aporten elementos para la construcción de una apuesta diferente ante el modelo de desarrollo imperante, y a partir de la práctica colectiva para la búsqueda de soluciones concretas que distan de posiciones y debates totalitaristas, de manera que se propicien escenarios de encuentro con diálogos y saberes innovadores para superar, concertada y estratégicamente, problemas contemporáneos de nuestra sociedad.
Ciberespacio y ciudadanos: una mirada a través de los ayuntamientos españoles
Authors: Jiménez Antonio García , García Beatriz Catalina
Published: December 2015

El ciberespacio constituye un marco idóneo para incentivar la participación ciudadana en la gestión de lo público. Un adecuado diseño y contenidos con herramientas de sencillo acceso para la interactividad comunicacional en páginas web facilitan la comprensión de los usuarios, y que estos tomen parte activa en el desarrollo político y administrativo de una determinada zona geográfica. En este contexto, la administración municipal, considerada la más cercana al ciudadano en España, dispone en Internet de un medio óptimo y económico para facilitar la exposición de opiniones, ya sean sugerencias, quejas u opiniones que procuren corregir posibles errores cometidos por los gestores públicos. No cabe duda de que la E-Administración facilita un gran número de servicios al ciudadano sin encontrarse con el obstáculo de la distancia física. También reconocemos la interactividad que entraña, pero se trata únicamente de rellenar espacios que son prefijados por el ayuntamiento, por lo que sigue habiendo un emisor y un receptor claramente definidos. Herramientas sencillas que pueden ser aplicables para incitar la participación activa de los ciudadanos en la web municipal son las generadas para que estos aporten contenidos audiovisuales, gráficos y textuales, los cuales aluden a aspectos que tienen que ver con el municipio correspondiente, enriquecen el contenido de la web y, por extensión, potencian la implicación política y comunicación ciudadana.
Apuntes para la comprensión de "El descubrimiento de Harry", de Matthew Lipman
Authors: Pineda Rivera Diego Antonio
Published: December 2015

Este trabajo recoge algunas ideas generales en torno a la novela de Matthew Lipman El descubrimiento de Harry. La pretensión del artículo es ofrecer "claves de lectura" que ayuden a los maestros que leen la novela, o la trabajan con su grupo de alumnos en un salón de clase, a comprender su significado filosófico. Para ello el artículo describe el contexto definido por las cuatro novelas del programa completo de "Filosofía para niños" que propone el autor y, a partir de allí, aborda cinco elementos que resultan orientadores para el lector potencial: cuál es el descubrimiento de Harry, la estructura teórica y narrativa de la novela, la relación de la lógica con otros problemas fiosófios, las "formas del pensamiento superior", y algunas sugerencias para trabajar la novela en el aula de clase. Recorre en el proceso aspectos propios de la filosofía que la novela asume, como las proposiciones categóricas, que constituyen el principal descubrimiento de Harry, la construcción del lenguaje de la lógica formal, los actos mentales y los mecanismos de validación de los razonamientos, así como la relación que se da entre pensamiento y lenguaje, y sus implicaciones en el abordaje de problemas desde los diversos ámbitos de la filosofía: cosmológicos, políticos, estéticos, epistemológicos, éticos, etc.
Juegos filosóficos, una apuesta hacia la educación del siglo XXI
Authors: Muñoz Gutierrez Erleysson , Giraldo Tobón Paola
Published: December 2015

El juego filosófico se piensa como una apuesta que aborda el juego y la filosofía. Es un posible encuentro para potencializar el pensamiento crítico y creativo en los niños desde su ser-niño. Para llevar a cabo dicha propuesta, se indaga en las metodologías de filosofía para niños, así como la filosofía con niños abstrayendo de ambas partes las siguientes propuestas: comunidades de indagación, diálogo filosófico, pensamiento complejo y una experiencia impredecible de pensamiento filosófico que busca que el juego del niño atraviese las puertas de la filosofía -como práctica– con todo lo que es él, donde su percepción individual de lo que es la realidad pueda ser escuchada y hablada a través de la acción lúdica. Porque no hay nada más concreto que el Ser jugado.
Genetic Variant Selection: Learning Across Traits and Sites
Authors: Stell Laurel , Sabatti Chiara
Published: December 2015

We consider resequencing studies of associated loci and the problem of prioritizing sequence variants for functional follow-up. Working within the multivariate linear regression framework helps us to account for the joint effects of multiple genes; and adopting a Bayesian approach leads to posterior probabilities that coherently incorporate all information about the variants’ function. We describe two novel prior distributions that facilitate learning the role of each variable site by borrowing evidence across phenotypes and across mutations in the same gene. We illustrate their potential advantages with simulations and reanalyzing a data set of sequencing variants.
Fatal Myocarditis Associated With HHV-6 Following Immunosuppression in Two Children
Authors: Stefanski Heather E , Thibert Kathryn A , Pritchett Joshua , Prusty Bhupesh K , Wagner John E , Lund Troy C
Published: December 2015

Fatal myocarditis is a rare complication in immunosuppressed children. Recent reports have linked human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection, typically a benign infection in childhood, with myocarditis. HHV-6 can reactivate during periods of immunosuppression. Here, we report 2 cases in which children were immunosuppressed, one for treatment of Evans syndrome and the other post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, who developed rapid and fatal HHV-6–associated myocarditis. These cases suggest that HHV-6 infection should be considered as an etiology of myocarditis in immunosuppressed patients regardless of correlating blood levels. Early treatment of HHV-6 in patients with myocarditis could improve morbidity and mortality.
A new checklist of orchid species from Cuba
Authors: Mújica Ernesto , González Elaine
Published: December 2015

In 2014, James D. Ackerman and collaborators published the last checklist of Cuban orchid species in the book, “Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles”. The aim of our study was to determine the current number of orchid species in Cuba and adjacent islands culminating in an updated checklist. We consulted numerous publications and reports, visited four herbaria, and refer to ongoing collaboration with leading specialists. A total of 91 genera and 312 species are documented. We provide comments on taxonomic status on noteworthy species. 
Fish fauna from tributaries throughout the Tibagi River basin, upper Paraná basin, Brazil
Authors: Hoffmann Ana Cecília , Nascimento Raul Henrique Cardoso , Shibatta Oscar Akio
Published: December 2015

Fishes were collected at 36 sites in first order streams of Tibagi River basin, Paraná state, Brazil. A total of 2,669 individuals belonging to 47 species of 13 families and six orders were collected. The number of collected species represented 95.9% of the expected number of species for the studied area as estimated by Chao 1, and 93.4% by ACE, indicating an effective sampling. The highest richness was recorded in the tributaries at the lower region (Zone III) of the Tibagi River basin, with 33 species, including 16 species not found in the other regions of the basin. In the streams of the middle and upper regions (Zones II and I) each presented less richness, with 10 (two exclusive) and 25 (11 exclusive) species, respectively. This study shows a high geographic variation in the composition of fish fauna among zones, maybe related to historical and/or ecological influences.
Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) is a very useful tool for diagnosis of probable mild Alzheimer´s disease in a geriatric clinic
Authors: Fichman-Charchat Helenice , Miranda Cristina Vieira , Fernandes Conceição Santos , Mograbi Daniel , Oliveira Rosinda Martins , Novaes Regina , Aguiar Daniele
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT The diagnosis of early signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major challenge in a heterogeneous population. Objective To investigate the use of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) for the diagnosis of mild AD in a geriatric outpatient unit of a public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Method BCSB was administered to 51 elderly adults with a clinical diagnosis of probable AD and 123 older adults without dementia (non-AD). Results AD patients performed worse than non-AD group in all BCSB tests, except Clock Drawing (p = 0.10). The ROC curves and Logistic Regression analysis indicated that delayed recall in the figure memory test was the best predictor, screening mild AD patients with sensibility and specificity superior to 80%. Conclusion The BCSB was accurate in identifying people with AD in a geriatric outpatient clinic at a public hospital, including elderly people with chronic diseases, physical frailty and cognitive impairment
Interactants' beliefs in teletandem: Implications for the teaching of Portuguese as a foreign language
Authors: RAMOS Karin Adriane Henschel Pobbe
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT Based on the principles of autonomy and reciprocity, Teletandem connects language teaching with technology, by furthering interaction between college students aiming at providing a virtual context for language teaching and learning. A system of beliefs and values can emerge in this fruitful environment and such emergence can directly affect the process. This study aims to investigate the belief system, which emerges out of Teletandem mediation sessions, and to discuss its implications for the teaching of Portuguese as a foreign language from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis.