bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, adsorption and molecular simulation study of methylamine-modified hyper-cross-linked resins for efficient removal of citric acid from aqueous solution
Authors: Peng Xiaoqiang , Yang Pengpeng , Dai Kun , Chen Yong , Chen Xiaochun , Zhuang Wei , Ying Hanjie , Wu Jinglan
Published: June 2020

A series of methylamine-modified hyper-cross-linked resins were fabricated from chloromethylated polystrene-co-divinylbenzene by two continuous reactions (Friedel-Crafts alkylation and amination). The BET surface area and pore volume of the as-prepared resins took a positive correlation to the reaction time and temperature during alkylation reaction while lessened during amination process. When running batch adsorption experiments for adsorption of citric acid, the methylamine-modified resin named HM-65-2 showed higher adsorption capacity of 136.3 mg/g and selectivity of 6.98 (citric/glucose) than the precursor resins. The pseudo-second-order rate model fitted better than the pseudo-first-order model, implying the adsorption sites distributed on the resins surface tended to be heterogeneous. Subsequently, the interactions between citric acid and the resin were investigated by means of molecular simulation. Simulation result showed the addition of nitrogen-containing groups significantly enhanced the adsorption performance of citric acid. Lastly, the dynamic column experiments were performed to obtain the suitable operating conditions for the citric acid adsorption.
Revealing links between gut microbiome and its fungal community in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Emirati subjects: A pilot study
Authors: Al Bataineh Mohammad Tahseen , Dash Nihar Ranjan , Bel Lassen Pierre , Banimfreg Bayan Hassan , Nada Aml Mohamed , Belda Eugeni , Clément Karine
Published: June 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) drastically affects the population of Middle East countries with an ever-increasing number of overweight and obese individuals. The precise links between T2DM and gut microbiome composition remain elusive in these populations. Here, we performed 16 S rRNA and ITS2- gene based microbial profiling of 50 stool samples from Emirati adults with or without T2DM. The four major enterotypes initially described in westernized cohorts were retrieved in this Emirati population. T2DM and non-T2DM healthy controls had different microbiome compositions, with an enrichment in Prevotella enterotype in non-T2DM controls whereas T2DM individuals had a higher proportion of the dysbiotic Bacteroides 2 enterotype. No significant differences in microbial diversity were observed in T2DM individuals after controlling for cofounding factors, contrasting with reports from westernized cohorts. Interestingly, fungal diversity was significantly decreased in Bacteroides 2 enterotype. Functional profiling from 16 S rRNA gene data showed marked differences between T2DM and non-T2DM controls, with an enrichment in amino acid degradation and LPS-related modules in T2DM individuals, whereas non-T2DM controls had increased abundance of carbohydrate degradation modules in concordance with enterotype composition. These differences provide an insight into gut microbiome composition in Emirati population and its potential role in the development of diabetes mellitus.
Ultra-simplified Single-Step Fabrication of Microstructured Optical Fiber
Authors: Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Ng Alson K. L. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike
Published: June 2020

Manufacturing optical fibers with a microstructured cross-section relies on the production of a fiber preform in a multiple-stage procedure, and drawing of the preform to fiber. These processes encompass the use of several dedicated and sophisticated equipment, including a fiber drawing tower. Here we demonstrate the use of a commercial table-top low-cost filament extruder to produce optical fibers with complex microstructure in a single step - from the pellets of the optical material directly to the final fiber. The process does not include the use of an optical fiber drawing tower and is time, electrical power, and floor space efficient. Different fiber geometries (hexagonal-lattice solid core, suspended core and hollow core) were successfully fabricated and their geometries evaluated. Air guidance in a wavelength range where the fiber material is opaque was shown in the hollow core fiber.
Oxidative stress in human facial skin observed by ultraweak photon emission imaging and its correlation with biophysical properties of skin
Authors: Tsuchida Katsuhiko , Kobayashi Masaki
Published: June 2020

Oxidative stress is associated with skin ageing and disease in humans. However, it is difficult to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on the skin in vivo using conventional invasive methods. In this study, we performed two-dimensional imaging of ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) generated by excited species in oxidative reaction to determine regional variations in oxidative stress in human facial skin and analysed the relationship between UPE intensity and biophysical properties in vivo. UPE imaging of the facial skin of volunteers revealed regional variations in oxidative stress. The nose, its surrounding regions, and the area between eyebrows showed higher UPE intensity than other facial regions, indicating high oxidative stress in these regions. In contrast, only the region surrounding the eyes showed age-related alterations in UPE intensity; moreover, wrinkle score in these regions was correlated with UPE intensity. These results suggest that oxidative stress in the skin induces wrinkle formation. UPE intensity was correlated with porphyrin score in the skin; however, no correlation was observed between UPE intensity and skin colour parameters. This study provides insights into the treatment of facial skin areas vulnerable to ageing and helps improve our understanding of topical skin diseases related to oxidative stress.
Computational Simulations of Provisional Stenting of a Diseased Coronary Artery Bifurcation Model
Authors: Chen Henry Y. , Chatzizisis Yiannis S. , Louvard Yves , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: June 2020

Although stenting of non-branched arterial segments has acceptable clinical outcomes, in-stent restenosis (ISR) and stent thrombosis remain clinically significant issues for vascular bifurcations (15–28% restenosis). Local fluid and solid stresses appear to play an important role in restenosis and thrombosis. The combined role of wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential wall stresses (CWS) is unclear in the case of stenting at vascular bifurcations. Using numerical simulations, we computed the fluid shear, solid stresses and the stress ratio at the the bifurcation region. Stenting of main vessel increased the maximum CWS in the the side branch (SB), resulting in a nearly two-fold increase of stress ratio in the SB compared to the MB (5.1 × 105 vs. 9.2 × 105). The existence of plaque decreased WSS and increased CWS near the carina, increasing the stress ratio at the SB. The changes of stress ratio were highly consistent with clinical data on bifurcation stenting. Fluid dynamics and solids mechanics should be considered in planning of stenting for a specific bifurcation, as their combined biomechanical effect may play an important role in stent restenosis and thrombosis.
Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs employing Terminalia arjuna leaf extract and its efficacy towards catalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Raj Shani , Singh Hanwant , Trivedi Rohini , Soni Vineet
Published: June 2020

In the present work, we demonstrated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by highly stable, economic and eco-friendly method using leaf extract of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) and employing as a catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), congo red (CR) and 4- nitrophenol (4-NP). The biosynthesis of AgNPs was visually validated through the appearance of reddish-brown color and further confirmed by the UV-spectra at 418 nm. The TEM and FE-SEM studies revealed the spherical shape of particles with size ranged between 10–50 nm. Face centered cubic crystalline nature of AgNPs was proved by XRD analysis. The negative value of zeta potential (−21.7) indicated the stability of AgNPs and elemental composition was confirmed by EDS. FT-IR analysis revealed the functional groups present in the plant extract trigger the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs exhibited strong degradation of MO (86.68%), MB (93.60%), CR (92.20%) and 4NP (88.80%) by completing the reduction reaction within 20 min. The reaction kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order and displayed k-values (rate constant) 0.166 min−1, 0.138 min−1, 0.182 min−1 and 0.142 min−1 for MO, MB, CR and 4-NP respectively. This study showed an efficient, feasible and reproducible method for the biosynthesis of eco-friendly, cheap and long-time stable AgNPs and their application as potent catalysts against the degradation of hazardous dyes.
Rapid assessment of platinum disk ultramicroelectrodes' sealing quality by a cyclic voltammetry approach
Authors: Bodappa Nataraju
Published: June 2020

Here, we investigated the sealing quality between a microwire disk and the surrounding glass sheath of platinum disk ultramicroelectrodes using outer-sphere and inner-sphere electrochemical reactions by the cyclic voltammetry approach.
Quantitative analysis of coal quality by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with different chemometric methods
Authors: Zhang Youjian , Xiong Zhang , Ma Yiwen , Zhu Chenwei , Zhou Ran , Li Xiangyou , Li Qing , Zeng Qingdong
Published: June 2020

LIBS technique assisted with four different chemometric methods was applied to rapid and accurate measurement of coal quality, and the modeling efficiency and prediction accuracy of the four calibration methods were compared and discussed.
The surface engineering of ReS2 with cobalt for efficient performance in hydrogen evolution under both acid and alkaline conditions
Authors: Chen Ran , Ao Yanhui , Wang Chao , Wang Peifang
Published: June 2020

Cobalt-modified rhenium disulfide nanosheets rich in defects, obtained by following an ingenious atom substitution strategy, exhibited boosted HER performance.
Novel structurally-stable Na-rich Na4V2O7 cathode material with high reversible capacity by utilization of anion redox activity
Authors: Su Bizhe , Liang Hanqin , Liu Junnan , Wu Jimmy , Sharma Neeraj , Gu Qinfen , Johannessen Bernt , Yu Denis Y. W.
Published: June 2020

A sodium-rich vanadium compound, Na4V2O7, is investigated as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, with a high reversible capacity of 194 mA h g−1 after activating to 4.7 V.
Enzymatic modular synthesis and microarray assay of poly-N-acetyllactosamine derivatives
Authors: Chen Congcong , Wang Shuaishuai , Gadi Madhusudhan Reddy , Zhu He , Liu Fei , Liu Chang-Cheng , Li Lei , Wang Fengshan , Ling Peixue , Cao Hongzhi
Published: June 2020

An efficient enzymatic modular assembly strategy was developed for the preparative-scale synthesis of poly-LacNAc glycans with defined fucosylation and sialylation patterns.
Hydrogen atoms in bridging positions from quantum crystallographic refinements: influence of hydrogen atom displacement parameters on geometry and electron density
Authors: Malaspina Lorraine A. , Hoser Anna A. , Edwards Alison J. , Woińska Magdalena , Turner Michael J. , Price Jason R. , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Nishibori Eiji , Bürgi Hans-Beat , Jayatilaka Dylan , Grabowsky Simon
Published: June 2020

Hydrogen atom positions can be obtained accurately from X-ray diffraction data of hydrogen maleate salts via Hirshfeld atom refinement.
Effect of spin–phonon interactions on Urbach tails in flexible [M2(bdc)2(dabco)]
Authors: Kozlova Svetlana G. , Ryzhikov Maxim R. , Shayapov Vladimir R. , Samsonenko Denis G.
Published: June 2020

The optical properties of MOFs [M2(bdc)2(dabco)] (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in the wavelength region of 300–1000 nm were studied, the electronic band-to-band transitions were determined and characterized by the Kubelka–Munk approach and DFT calculations.
A kinetic study of the N(2D) + C2H4 reaction at low temperature
Authors: Hickson Kevin M. , Bray Cédric , Loison Jean-Christophe , Dobrijevic Michel
Published: June 2020

The barrierless N(2D) + C2H4 reaction is shown to be much more important to Titan's atmospheric chemistry than previously thought.
Enhanced reduction and oxidation capability over the CeO2/g-C3N4hybrid through surface carboxylation: performance and mechanism
Authors: Hu Haiping , Hu Jisong , Wang Xiuyuan , Gan Jianchang , Su Ming , Ye Wenhua , Zhang Wenhua , Ma Xinguo , Wang Huihu
Published: June 2020

The charge separation efficiency of the CeO2/g-C3N4heterojunction was greatly enhanced through surface carboxylation of the g-C3N4substrate.
Improved synthesis of N-ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine
Authors: Ergun Selin , Casselman Matthew D. , Kaur Aman Preet , Attanayake N. Harsha , Parkin Sean R. , Odom Susan A.
Published: June 2020

N-Ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine is a highly soluble redox shuttle for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries with an oxidation potential of ca. 3.8 V vs. Li+/0 in carbonate solvents.
Hierarchical porous CoxFe3−xO4 nanocubes obtained by calcining Prussian blue analogues as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kang Libin , Ren Haipeng , Xing Zheng , Zhao Yulong , Ju Zhicheng
Published: June 2020

Prussian blue analogue derived hierarchical porous CoxFe3−xO4 nanocubes applied as LIBs anode material can provide large space to buffer volume expansion during the Li+ insertion/extraction processes and enhanced electrochemical performance.
Dynamic covalent synthesis of [2]- and [3]rotaxanes both in solution and on solid supports
Authors: Da Silva Rodrigues Rafael , Marshall David L. , McMurtrie John C. , Mullen Kathleen M.
Published: June 2020

Here we demonstrate the application of a dynamic covalent chemistry methodology for the synthesis of [2]- and [3]-rotaxanes not only in solution, but also on solid supports with 65% rotaxane functionalisation of the polymer resins observed.
Self-supported beaded Au@Co3O4 nanowire arrays perform electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in water to syngas and water oxidation to O2
Authors: Zhang Shi-Yuan , Ma Jing-Jing , Zhu Hong-Lin , Zheng Yue-Qing
Published: June 2020

Beaded Au@Co3O4 nanowire arrays were prepared and function as a bifunctional electrocatalyst with outstanding electrochemical performance in producing syngas and the oxygen evolution reaction.
Highly selective and sensitive fluorescent zeolitic imidazole frameworks sensor for nitroaromatic explosive detection
Authors: Abuzalat Osama , Wong Danny , Park Simon S. , Kim Seonghwan
Published: June 2020

The encapsulation of ZnQ into ZIF-8 allows fluorescent and colorimetric detection of nitroaromatic explosives, such as 2-4-6 trinitrotoluene (TNT). These are dangerous materials that pose safety and environmental risks.
Light-mediated olefin coordination polymerization and photoswitches
Authors: Li Mingyuan , Wang Ruibin , Eisen Moris S. , Park Sehoon
Published: June 2020

This review outlines photoswitchable, transition metal-based olefin coordination polymerization catalysts ranging from homogeneous to heterogeneous, and monometallic to bimetallic regimes.
BODIPY-amino acid conjugates – tuning the optical response with a meso-heteroatom
Authors: Farinone Marco , Cybińska Joanna , Pawlicki Miłosz
Published: June 2020

The presence of a heteroatom at the meso-position of BODIPY significantly influences the π-cloud of the main chromophore, modifying the final optical properties.
Insights into the behavior of nonanoic acid and its conjugate base at the air/water interface through a combined experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Luo Man , Wauer Nicholas A. , Angle Kyle J. , Dommer Abigail C. , Song Meishi , Nowak Christopher M. , Amaro Rommie E. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: June 2020

The surface partitioning of a medium chain fatty acid and its conjugate base has been investigated through a combined experimental and theoretical approach of the multi-equilibria involved in the bulk phase and at the air/water interface.
Mechanochemically assisted hydrolysis in the ADOR process
Authors: Rainer Daniel N. , Rice Cameron M. , Warrender Stewart J. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Morris Russell E.
Published: June 2020

Efficient hydrolysis of zeolites in the ADOR process using mechanochemistry, including economical enrichment with 17O for solid-state NMR.
LncRNA GNAS-AS1 facilitates ER+ breast cancer cells progression by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via regulating miR-433-3p/GATA3 axis
Authors: Liu Shi-Qin , Zhou Zhi-Yang , Dong Xue , Guo Lei , Zhang Ke-Jing
Published: June 2020

Objective: ER+ breast cancer is the most common type of breast cancer, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of women. Recently, lncRNAs mediated tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were identified to involve in tumorigenesis. Therefore, the present study aimed at demonstrating the regulatory network of GNAS-AS1 in TAM-mediated ER+ breast cancer progress.

Methods: The expression levels of genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. The proportions of polarized macrophages (M1, M2) were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. Double-luciferase reporter system was used to detect the interaction between molecules. Western blot was applied to test protein levels.

Results: The expression of GNAS-AS1 was obviously increased in ER+ breast cancer tissues and cell lines, as well as M2 macrophages. GNAS-AS1 facilitated the capabilities of proliferation, migration and invasion of ER+ breast cancer cells by accelerating M2 macrophage polarization via directly sponging miR-433-3p. GATA3, as a target of miR-433-3p, could positively regulate by GNAS-AS1. Furthermore, either miR-433-3p overexpression or GATA3 knockdown impaired the effects of GNAS-AS1 on M2 macrophage polarization and ER+ breast cancer cells progression.

Conclusion: GNAS-AS1/miR-433-3p/GATA3 axis promoted proliferation, metastasis of ER+ breast cancer cells by accelerating M2 macrophage polarization. The mechanism may provide a new strategy and target for ER+ breast cancer treatment.
The ecological consequences of herbivore-induced plant responses on plant–pollinator interactions
Authors: Kessler André , Chautá Alexander
Published: June 2020

Plant induced responses to herbivory have long been found to function as plant direct and indirect defenses and to be major drivers of herbivore community and population dynamics. While induced defenses are generally understood as cost-saving strategies that allow plants to allocate valuable resources into defense expression, it recently became clear that, in particular, induced metabolic changes can come with significant ecological costs. In particular, interactions with mutualist pollinators can be significantly compromised by herbivore-induced changes in floral morphology and metabolism. We review recent findings on the evidence for ecological conflict between defending against herbivores and attracting pollinators while using similar modes of information transfer (e.g. visual, olfactory, tactile). Specifically, we discuss plant traits and mechanisms through which plants mediate interactions between antagonists and mutualist and present functional hypotheses for how plants can overcome the resulting conflicts.
Consignment stock policy in a closed-loop supply chain
Authors: Chakraborty A. , Maiti Tarun , Giri B.C.
Published: June 2020

The main feature of sustainable supply Chain Management is reuse of end of life (EOL) products to reduce the environmental pollution. This paper considers the consignment stock (CS) policy for a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). To achieve the economic goal, this study presents a multi-echelon supply chain with a single manufacturer, a single retailer and a third-party service provider. The objective is to optimize this three-level CLSC under a Stackelberg game scenario. The other objective is to identify the environmental impact of remanufacturing EOL products. In this CLSC, the manufacturer acts as the Stackelberg leader and the retailer, the third party are the followers. Under manufacturer’s leadership, the retailer and the third party acquire three different decision strategies – I, II, and III. In decision strategy I, the retailer acts as the leader and the third party acts as a follower, whereas in decision strategy II, they obtain a Nash game strategy. In the decision strategy III, they act as one unit and decide their decisions centrally. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis are used to illustrate optimal results of different decision strategies and also check the behaviour of key model-parameters. The best outcomes are found in decision strategy I. The main findings of our study show that when upper level player has more power then the supply chain gives best outcomes.
Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes: Genetic Susceptibility and the Response
to Supplementation
Authors: Penna-Martinez Marissa , Badenhoop Klaus , Klahold Edith , Bruns Franziska , Seidl Christian , Wicker Sabine
Published: June 2020

Variants of vitamin D metabolism-genes may predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D).
This study investigated the impact of these variants on disease susceptibility,
Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, C-peptide and HbA1c levels before and after
cholecalciferol supplementation in patients with T2D.

Twelve polymorphisms within CYP2R1, CYP27B1, DBP, VDR and CYP24A1 were genotyped
in 553 T2D patients and 916 controls. In addition 65 patients receiving either
cholecalciferol or placebo were analyzed during 6 months intervention and 6
months follow-up.

T2D risk alleles are VDR rs7975232 “G”
(pc=0.031), rs1544410 “G”
(pc=0.027) and CYP2R1 rs10741657 “A”
(pc=0.016). Patients with genotypes CYP27B1 rs10877012
“CC” (pc=4x10-5), DBP rs7041
“GG” (pc=0.003), rs4588 “CC”
(pc = 3x10-4), CYP24A1 rs2585426
“CG” (pc=0.006) and rs2248137
“CG” (pc=0.001) showed lower 25(OH)D3 and DBP
rs4588 “CC” lower 1,25(OH)2D3 levels
(pc=0.005). Whereas DBP rs4588 “CC”
(pc=0.009), CYP27B1 rs10877012 “AC”
(pc=0.059), VDR rs7975323 “AG”
(pc=0.033) and rs1544410 “GG”
(pc=0.013) are associated with higher 25(OH)D3 levels at
6 months’ follow-up. Significant PTH suppression was detected for CYP2R1
“AG“ (pc=0.002), DBP rs4588
“CC” (pc<0.001), VDR rs110735810
“CT” (pc<0.001) and CYP24A1 rs2248137
“GG” (pc=0.021).

Genetic variants of the vitamin D system predispose to type 2 diabetes and
regulate – partially - vitamin D metabolism, concentrations and the
vitamin D status. Vitamin D insufficiency is a T2D risk factor. The response to
cholecalciferol supplementation can be measured as 25(OH)D3 increment and PTH
suppression. This process is regulated by genes of the vitamin D system
conferring modest T2D risk.
Für den Direktzugang wären massive Änderungen nötig – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: June 2020

Vier Absolventen der SRH Heidelberg erstellten im Rahmen einer Projektarbeit ein fiktives Szenario, in dem es in Deutschland ab 2030 den Direktzugang gibt. Mithilfe vorhandener Literatur arbeiteten sie heraus, wie man hierfür das Gesundheitssystem anpassen müsste.
„Am Anfang gab’s nur ein Bier“ – Hannspeter Meier über Sportphysiotherapie
Authors: Keller Matthias
Published: June 2020

Hannspeter Meier ist einer der bekanntesten Sportphysiotherapeuten Deutschlands. Wie er wurde, was er heute ist, was er von der Physiotherapie im Allgemeinen und der Sportphysiotherapie im Besonderen hält, erzählt er im Interview.
Staudamm – Evidenz-Update Blood Flow Restriction Training
Authors: Diemer Frank
Published: June 2020

Das Training unter reduzierter Blutzufuhr wird mittlerweile nicht mehr nur im sportlichen Training, sondern immer häufiger in der Rehabilitation von muskuloskelettalen oder internistischen Beschwerdebildern eingesetzt. Frank Diemer erklärt, warum und wie das funktioniert.
Perinatal Outcome of Twin Pregnancies Complicated by Rupture of Membranes at 13–20 Weeks: Is Selective Termination an Appropriate Management Option?
Authors: Zajicek Michal , Yagel Simcha , Valsky Dan , Ben-Ami Moshe , Yinon Yoav , Weisz Boaz , Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Lipitz Shlomo
Published: June 2020

Objective To evaluate the outcome of twin pregnancies that were complicated by rupture of membranes at 13–20 weeks of gestation and were managed by expectant management or by selective termination.

Methods A retrospective cohort study of all bichorionic twin pregnancies that were referred to three fetal medicine units between 2001 and 2016, due to rupture of membranes of one sac at 13–20 weeks of gestation. Women without clinical signs of infection who opted for expectant management or selective termination were included.

Results 20 patients met the inclusion criteria. 7 of them were managed expectantly and 13 underwent selective termination. In the expectant management group there was one case of fetal demise and two cases of neonatal death, resulting in a survival rate of 79 %. The median gestational age at delivery was 30 weeks. 3 neonates suffered from prematurity-related complications and 2 suffered from oligohydramnios-related orthopedic complications. Following selective termination the survival rate was 50 % (all fetuses that were not reduced), the median gestational age at delivery was 39 weeks, and the neonatal outcome was favorable. The maternal outcome was favorable in both groups.

Conclusion Selective termination in twin pregnancies complicated by rupture of membranes at 13–20 weeks has a favorable outcome and should be offered.
Psychisch krank in Krisenzeiten: Subjektive Belastungen durch COVID-19
Authors: Frank Andreas , Hörmann Sophia , Krombach Julia , Fatke Bastian , Holzhüter Fabian , Frank Wolfgang , Sondergeld Rebecca , Förstl Hans , Hölzle Patricia
Published: June 2020

Ziel der Studie Wir untersuchen die alltagsrelevanten und klinischen Auswirkungen der aktuellen Corona-Krise auf Menschen mit vorbestehenden psychischen Erkrankungen.

Methode Neben der klinischen Untersuchung wurde den Patienten, die sich derzeit in unserer stationären oder ambulanten Behandlung befinden, ein standardisierter Fragebogen zur subjektiven Belastung und psychiatrischen Versorgung ausgehändigt.

Ergebnisse Mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten sah eine Verschlechterung der psychischen Erkrankung durch den Ausnahmezustand. Schwerer Erkrankte waren stärker belastet.

Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen stellen in der gegenwärtigen Krise eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe dar. Es bedarf einer Anpassung der psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung; spezifische Belastungen müssen bei Patienten mit allen Diagnosegruppen aktiv erfragt werden.
Von Risiken zu Ressourcen bei Demenz und Depression im Alter
Authors: Spannhorst Stefan , Wittmiß Sonja , Schmid-Furstoss Ulrich , Kreisel Stefan
Published: June 2020

Im Fallbericht werden die Vorteile multiprofessioneller Kooperation von BehandlerInnen bei der gerontopsychiatrischen Arbeit in einer Psychiatrischen Institutsambulanz (PIA) dargestellt. Psychologin und Psychiater arbeiten parallel auch stationär fallverantwortlich und können auf die dortige Behandlungsexpertise zurückgreifen. So gelingt eine abgestufte Versorgung einer an Demenz erkrankten Frau und ihres parallel an rezidivierenden Depressionen erkrankten Ehemanns. Interdependenzen der Symptomatik beider Erkrankungen verlangen eine enge Koordination.
Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Knockout Influenced Genes Expression Profile in Adipose Tissue and Decreased the Lipid Mobilizing After Dexamethasone Treatment in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wenge , Qiao Yu , Qi Fulei , Shen Qingyi , Zhao Ruqian , Yang Xiaojing
Published: June 2020

Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), as an adipokine, plays an important role in lipid metabolism. However, its influence on whole gene expression profile in adipose tissue is not known. Under stress condition, how ZAG affects the lipid metabolism is also unclear. Therefore, in this study ZAG systemic knockout (KO) mice were used as a model to reveal the genes expression profile in visceral fat tissues of ZAG KO mice and wild-type mice by genome-wide microarray screening. Then dexamethasone (DEX) was used to explore the effect of ZAG deletion on body fat metabolism under stress. Our results showed that 179 genes were differentially expressed more than 1.5 times between ZAG KO mice and wild type mice, of which 26 genes were upregulated dramatically and 153 genes were significantly downregulated. Under DEX simulated stress, ZAG systemic knockout in vivo resulted in a markedly decrease of triglycerides (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) content in in plasma. Similarly, for lipid catabolism, ZAG KO led to a significant increase of phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) protein and a rising tendency of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein relative to those of the DEX group. For lipid anabolism, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin protein expression in visceral fat rose notably in ZAG KO mice after DEX treatment. In conclusion, ZAG knockout can affect the gene expression profile of adipose tissue, reduce elevated TG and NEFA levels in plasma, and alter lipid metabolism under DEX treatment. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of lipid metabolic disorders in response to stress.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Methodologies towards the Synthesis of Atropisomeric N-Heterocycles
Authors: Corti Vasco , Bertuzzi Giulio
Published: June 2020

A perspective on the literature dealing with the organocatalytic asymmetric preparation of axially chiral N-heterocycles is provided. A particular focus is devoted to rationalize the synthetic strategies employed in each case. Moreover, specific classes of organocatalysts are shown to stand out as privileged motives for the stereoselective preparation of such synthetically challenging molecular architectures. Finally, an overview of the main trends in the field is given.

1 Introduction

2 Five-Membered Rings

2.1 Arylation

2.2 Dynamic Kinetic Resolution

2.3 Ring Construction

2.4 Central-to-Axial Chirality Conversion and Chirality Transfer

2.5 Desymmetrization

3 Six-Membered Rings

3.1 Desymmetrization

3.2 (Dynamic) Kinetic Resolution

3.3 Ring Construction

3.4 Central-to-Axial Chirality Conversion

4 Conclusion
Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jeyabalan Salome , Bangal Kedar , Kulkarni Anuja , Kavishree Maithriye , Kola Sujani , Mahajan Mehak , Okonna Friday , Nair Hema C. , S. Keshava Murthy , Kanchi Muralidhar
Published: June 2020

The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with COVID-19 can progress from asymptomatic or mild illness to hypoxemic respiratory failure to multisystem organ dysfunction and death. Healthcare workers, particularly anesthesiologists, are at increased risk since their airway management expertise is required in situations where suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 require surgical procedures and in critical care settings. Such patients undergoing surgery have a higher perioperative morbidity and mortality. Additionally, aerosol-generating procedures place the operating room staff at high risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection. Here, we present a review of COVID-19 management, particularly in the perioperative setting. In addition, this article highlights specific concerns with the use of transesophageal echocardiography and the precautions to be taken during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This review article is based on this institutional protocol supported by literature from recent publications and guidelines from major health organizations on COVID-19.
Deep convolutional neural networks for multi-scale time-series classification and application to tokamak disruption prediction using raw, high temporal resolution diagnostic data
Authors: Churchill R. M. , Tobias B. , Zhu Y. ,   DIII-D team
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we discuss recent advances in deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for sequence learning, which allow identifying long-range, multi-scale phenomena in long sequences, such as those found in fusion plasmas. We point out several benefits of these deep CNN architectures, such as not requiring experts such as physicists to hand-craft input data features, the ability to capture longer range dependencies compared to the more common sequence neural networks (recurrent neural networks like long short-term memory networks), and the comparative computational efficiency. We apply this neural network architecture to the popular problem of disruption prediction in fusion energy tokamaks, utilizing raw data from a single diagnostic, the Electron Cyclotron Emission imaging (ECEi) diagnostic from the DIII-D tokamak. Initial results trained on a large ECEi dataset show promise, achieving an F1-score of ∼91% on individual time-slices using only the ECEi data. This indicates that the ECEi diagnostic by itself can be sensitive to a number of pre-disruption markers useful for predicting disruptions on timescales for not only mitigation but also avoidance. Future opportunities for utilizing these deep CNN architectures with fusion data are outlined, including the impact of recent upgrades to the ECEi diagnostic.
Spin–orbit torque field-effect transistor (SOTFET): Proposal for a magnetoelectric memory
Authors: Li Xiang , Casamento Joseph , Dang Phillip , Zhang Zexuan , Afuye Olalekan , Mei Antonio B. , Apsel Alyssa B. , Schlom Darrell G. , Jena Debdeep , Ralph Daniel C. , Xing Huili Grace
Published: June 2020

Spin-based memories are attractive for their non-volatility and high durability but provide modest resistance changes, whereas semiconductor logic transistors are capable of providing large resistance changes, but lack memory function with high durability. The recent availability of multiferroic materials provides an opportunity to directly couple the change in spin states of a magnetic memory to a charge change in a semiconductor transistor. In this work, we propose and analyze the spin–orbit torque field-effect transistor, a device with the potential to significantly boost the energy efficiency of spin-based memories and to simultaneously offer a palette of functionalities.
Experimental and theoretical study on device-processing-incorporated fluorine in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Xu Jianxing , Tong Xiaodong , Zhang Shiyong , Cheng Zhe , Zhang Lian , Zheng Penghui , Chen Feng-Xiang , Wang Rong , Zhang Yun , Tan Wei
Published: June 2020

This paper reports on an in-depth research on the etching-process induced current degradation in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures by experimental research and theoretical calculations. The channel current degrades by 60% after the etching process and recovers to 90% after thermal annealing at 400 °C. It is found that fluorine is incorporated into the heterostructures of both AlGaN and GaN layers during the etching process. The degradation and recovery of the current is accompanied by the change in the concentration of fluorine in both AlGaN and GaN layers during the experiment. First-principles defect calculations of fluorine in GaN indicate that the dominant defect configuration of F is negatively charged interstitial (Fi−) with the lowest formation energy. The accompanied technology computer-aided design simulation of the energy bands reveals that Fi− raises the conduction band minimum of GaN and, thus, decreases the density of the two-dimensional electron gas, causing degradation of the channel current. This result leads to the post-etching recovery treatment without a high temperature process and ohmic contact degradation.
Sub-megahertz narrow-band photon pairs at 606 nm for solid-state quantum memories
Authors: Liu Jianji , Liu Jiachen , Yu Ping , Zhang Guoquan
Published: June 2020

We report on the development of a source of ultra-narrow-band photon pairs using the cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down conversion. The photon-pair source has a bandwidth of 265 ± 15 kHz at 606 nm and a spectral brightness of 216 ± 5 pairs/(s · mW · MHz) per longitudinal mode, which could be suitable for Pr3+ ion-based solid-state quantum memories.
Toward a solid-state thermal diode for room-temperature magnetocaloric energy conversion
Authors: Klinar Katja , Muñoz Rojo Miguel , Kutnjak Zdravko , Kitanovski Andrej
Published: June 2020

Thermal control elements, i.e., thermal diodes, switches, and regulators, can control the heat flow in an analogous way in how electronic devices control electrical currents. In particular, a thermal diode allows a larger heat flux in one direction than in the other. This has aroused the interest of researchers working on the thermal management of electronics, refrigeration, and energy conversion. Solid-state thermal diodes are attractive because they are silent, reliable, lightweight, and durable. While some solid-state thermal diodes have been developed at the nano- and microscale, the leap to the macroscale has yet to be made. A macroscale thermal diode would play a crucial role in the future development of applications related to caloric refrigeration and heat pumping. Additionally, the temperature changes of caloric materials (due to the caloric effect) are ideal for testing these thermal devices. This paper aims to numerically evaluate the influence of a macroscopic solid-state thermal diode in a magnetocaloric refrigeration device under transient and quasi-steady-state conditions. Materials with different temperature-dependent properties were analyzed, and the most promising ones were selected for the operating range of a magnetocaloric device (290–296 K). The highest achieved magnetocaloric thermal rectification ratio under transient conditions was up to 295-times higher than with quasi-steady-state operation. This shows that transient operation should be considered for future progress with this technology.
Thin plate compression of a sub-petawatt Ti:Sa laser pulses
Authors: Mironov S. Yu. , Fourmaux S. , Lassonde P. , Ginzburg V. N. , Payeur S. , Kieffer J.-C. , Khazanov E. A. , Mourou G.
Published: June 2020

By extending the concept of thin film compression [Mourou et al., Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 223(6), 1181 (2014)] to a thin plate, nonlinear post-compression from 24 fs to 13 fs of sub-petawatt laser pulses is demonstrated experimentally using a 1 mm-thick silica plate and chirped mirrors with a total anomalous dispersion of −50 fs2. The measurements were implemented with a specially designed dispersionless vacuum frequency-resolved optical gating, which is based on second harmonic generation of tested pulses in a 10 μm β-barium borate crystal glued on a 1 mm fused silica substrate. The used compression scheme is implemented in a geometry compatible with high power on-target experiment realization.
Investigating the influence of the wire-arrays’ electrical parameters on the load current of the z-pinch drivers
Authors: Wang Liangping , Sun Fengju , Qiu Aici , Zhang Jinhai , Li Mo
Published: June 2020

Wire arrays are the typical loads which have been widely used in z-pinch research studies. When a large pulsed power accelerator is designed, the electrical parameters of the z-pinch loads including the inductance and the resistance (or the equivalent resistance) must be considered. In this paper, the inductance and the resistance of the single planar wire arrays were introduced from the experiments carried out on a Qiangguang accelerator (1.5 MA, 100 ns). The lumped-element circuit model of the wire array was established using the PSPICE software, and the model was verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results. The influence of the electrical parameters on the accelerator’s driving current is investigated. It shows that the inductance affects the rising edge and the peak value of the current, while the resistance mainly affects the current waveform after the stagnation of the wire array pinch load. The inductance model based on the zero-dimensional equation is compared with the inductance model based on the experimental data, and the result shows that the two different inductance models give almost the same pinch current. It can be concluded that the zero-dimensional model is valid in circuit simulation to investigate the peak current of the designed z-pinch accelerator.
State-pairwise decoherence times for nonadiabatic dynamics on more than two electronic states
Authors: Esch Michael P. , Levine Benjamin G.
Published: June 2020

Independent trajectory (IT) nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation methods are powerful tools for modeling processes involving transitions between electronic states. Incorporation and refinement of decoherence corrections into popular IT methods, e.g., Ehrenfest dynamics and trajectory surface hopping, is an important means of improving their accuracies. In this work, we identify a new challenge in the development of such decoherence corrections; when a system exists in a coherent superposition of three or more electronic states, coherences may decay unphysically when the decoherence correction is based on decoherence times assigned on a state-wise basis. As a solution, we introduce decoherence corrected Ehrenfest schemes based on decoherence times assigned on a state-pairwise basis. By application of these methods to a set of very simple one-dimensional model problems, we show that one of these state-pairwise methods (“collapse to a block”) correctly describes the loss of coherence between all pairs of states in our multistate model problems, whereas a method based on a state-wise description of coherence loss does not. The new one-dimensional models introduced here can serve as useful tests for other decoherence correction schemes.
Magnetic-field imaging using vortex-core MFM tip
Authors: Šoltýs J. , Feilhauer J. , Vetrova I. , Tóbik J. , Bublikov K. , Ščepka T. , Fedor J. , Dérer J. , Cambel V.
Published: June 2020

We have developed a vortex-core magnetic force microscope (VC MFM) for magnetic field imaging at the nanoscale for many research fields—physics, biology, materials science, and metrology. The method solves principally quantitative scanning by increasing magnetic tip durability and introducing its calibration. We show that nature itself gives us a sharp, durable, and calibrated magnetic probe. It is represented by a narrow magnetic vortex core located in the center of a ferromagnetic disk placed at the apex of a scanning tip. Such a tip offers potentially high spatial resolution—the vortex core is magnetically sharp (the vortex diameter is < 20 nm for Permalloy), but at the same time, the disk is geometrically blunt and therefore durable. The magnetic moment of the vortex core is independent of the disk diameter and can be tuned smoothly by the disk thickness. We describe here the basic properties of the VC tip, its technology, and sensitivity to the magnetic field and show its durability. The first results obtained on hard disk drive are promising—from the analysis of data tracks, the spatial resolution of the VC tip is only a bit worse than the one of the standard MFM tips. We believe that the VC tip could be a sensor of choice for magnetic field imaging for scientific areas mentioned above.
Spin–orbit torque driven multi-level switching in He+ irradiated W–CoFeB–MgO Hall bars with perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxuan , Liu Yang , Zhu Daoqian , Sall Mamour , Zhang Xueying , Ma Helin , Langer Jürgen , Ocker Berthold , Jaiswal Samridh , Jakob Gerhard , Kläui Mathias , Zhao Weisheng , Ravelosona Dafiné
Published: June 2020

We have investigated the spin–orbit torque-driven magnetization switching in W/CoFeB/MgO Hall bars with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. He+ ion irradiation through a mask has been used to reduce locally the effective perpendicular anisotropy at a Hall cross. Anomalous Hall effect measurements combined with Kerr microscopy indicate that the switching process is dominated by domain wall (DW) nucleation in the irradiated region followed by rapid domain propagation at a current density as low as 0.8 MA/cm2 with an assisting in-plane magnetic field. Thanks to the implemented strong pinning of the DW at the transition between the irradiated and the non-irradiated region, an intermediate Hall resistance state is induced, which is further verified by finite element simulations. Such a method to control electrically multi-level resistances using He+ ion irradiation shows great potential in realizing neuromorphic and memristor devices.
Closed-form expressions for the magnetic fields of rectangular and circular finite-length solenoids and current loops
Authors: Hampton S. , Lane R. A. , Hedlof R. M. , Phillips R. E. , Ordonez C. A.
Published: June 2020

A summary of closed-form expressions for the magnetic fields produced by rectangular- and circular-shaped finite-length solenoids and current loops is provided altogether for easy reference. Each expression provides the magnetic field in all space, except locations where a current of infinitesimal thickness is considered to exist. The closed-form expression for the magnetic field of a rectangular-shaped finite-length solenoid is derived using the Biot–Savart law. Closed-form expressions for the magnetic fields of solenoids and current loops can be used to avoid approximations in analytical models and may reduce computation time in computer simulations.
Magnetic field direction dependence of topological Hall effect like features in synthetic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic multilayers
Authors: Chen R. Y. , Zhang R. Q. , Zhou Y. J. , Bai H. , Pan F. , Song C.
Published: June 2020

The anomalies in the transverse resistivity are usually thought to be Topological Hall Effects (THEs), which have been considered as the trait of topologically nontrivial spin textures, such as the skyrmion phase. However, the origin of the THE-like features is still under debate. Here, we present the observation of THE-like features in synthetic antiferromagnetic [Pd/Co]/Ru/[Co/Pd] and synthetic ferromagnetic [Pd/Co]/NiO/[Co/Pd] structures. The Pd-rich alloys, which are formed due to the heterogeneous component and the gradual intermixing at the Co/Pd interface, result in a negative anomalous Hall effect coefficient, causing the peak and dip features in transport measurements. By changing the external magnetic field from out-of-plane to in-plane, the magnitude and width of the bump feature in THE curves can be modified, which is caused by the different anisotropy energy of the components in the heterogeneous ferromagnets. The present work broadens the perception of THE-like features and may add a different dimension to understand the magnetization reversal in magnetic multilayers.
Rotational state-changing collisions of C2H− and C2N− anions with He under interstellar and cold ion trap conditions: A computational comparison
Authors: Franz Jan , Mant Barry P. , González-Sánchez Lola , Wester Roland , Gianturco Franco A.
Published: June 2020

We present an extensive range of quantum calculations for the state-changing rotational dynamics involving two simple molecular anions that are expected to play some role in the evolutionary analysis of chemical networks in the interstellar environments, C2H− (X1Σ+) and C2N− (X3Σ−), but for which inelastic rates are only known for C2H−. The same systems are also of direct interest in modeling selective photo-detachment experiments in cold ion traps where the He atoms function as the chief buffer gas at the low trap temperatures. This study employs accurate, ab initio calculations of the interaction potential energy surfaces for these anions, treated as rigid rotors, and the He atom to obtain a wide range of state-changing quantum cross sections and rates at temperatures up to about 100 K. The results are analyzed and compared for the two systems to show differences and similarities between their rates of state-changing dynamics.