bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIE 157:2004 Control of damage to museum objects by optical radiation
Authors:   CIE TC 3-22
Published: October 2022

The report comprises three parts. The first part reviews the scientific principles that govern the processes of radiation-induced damage to museum objects with the aim of providing fundamental information for museum conservators and research workers. The second part reviews current knowledge and recent research to provide a commentary on the efforts of researchers to better understand how these processes may be retarded or eliminated in the museum environment. The final part gives the committee's recommendations for lighting in museums in the form of a practical procedure that covers setting up a new display and monitoring the lighting during the life of the display. This procedure takes account of the research findings that have been reviewed as well as recommendations published by other organisations, and is modelled on current practice in several of the world's leading museum institutions. Keywords: interior lighting, lighting design & specifications, museum lighting, photochemistry, radiation effects, ultraviolet radiation
CIE 159:2004 A colour appearance model for colour management systems: CIECAM02
Authors:   CIE TC 8-01
Published: October 2022

Superseded by: -\n-CIE 248:2022 The CIE 2016 colour appearance model for colour management systems: CIECAM16-\n--\n- -\n--\n-A colour appearance model provides a viewing condition specific method for transforming tristimulus values to and/or from perceptual attribute correlates. This document outlines a specific colour appearance model, CIECAM02, which may be useful for colour management applications. This model is based on CIECAM97s colour appearance model and consists of a chromatic adaptation transform and equations for computing a set of perceptual attribute correlates. The evolution and application of this colour appearance model are presented.-\n--\n-This report replaces CIE 131-1998, The CIE 1997 interim colour appearance model (simple version) CIECAM97s. Keywords: colour, colour appearance, colour management, colour perception, image technology
CIE 162:2010 (including Erratum 1) Chromatic Adaptation under Mixed Illumination Condition when Comparing Softcopy and Hardcopy Images
Authors:   CIE TC 8-04
Published: October 2022

The chromatic adaptation transforms (CATs) used in most colour appearance models (CAMs) assume that observers are fully adapted to a given set of viewing conditions. Unfortunately, the condition of complete chromatic adaptation usually does not occur in the consumer market and in more casual industrial use. Instead, these users tend to view softcopy in a room with sufficient ambient illumination to allow comfortable viewing and examination of hardcopy imaging. Further, users often desire to compare hardcopy and softcopy images using rapid successive binocular observations. The focus of this report is to determine how colour imaging experts can best accommodate the desires and practices of these more casual observers. It shows that accounting for mixed and incomplete chromatic adaptation produces more accurate results in colour appearance than not accounting for them. It includes a mathematical model for chromatic adaptation and provides appropriate parameters for the chromatic adaptation model under such viewing conditions.-\n--\n-This publication corrects and replaces CIE 162:2004 Chromatic Adaptation under Mixed Illumination Condition when Comparing Softcopy and Hardcopy Images . Keywords: chromatic adaptation, colorimetry, colour appearance, colour perception, task demand factor & performance
CIE 174:2006 Action spectrum for the production of previtamin D3 in human skin
Authors:   CIE TC 6-54
Published: October 2022

Ultraviolet radiation has been shown to have the beneficial effect of contributing to the production of vitamin D3 (hereafter referred to as Vitamin D ) in humans. This was first observed in the 1800's, when sunlight exposure was correlated to the prevention of rickets. These effects were duplicated with artificial sources, and subsequent studies isolated the spectral region that was responsible for this effect. The purpose of this report is to discuss these studies of the effectiveness of optical radiation on the production of vitamin D in human skin, and to develop a standardized action spectrum for vitamin D synthesis in human skin. Implications for determining exposures that would be needed for an individual to meet the recommended daily intake for vitamin D are also discussed. Keywords: actinic action spectrum, actinic radiation effects, biologic effect of radiation, photobiology, ultraviolet radiation
CIE 181:2007 Hand protection by disposable gloves against occupational UV exposure
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

A number of applications in industry, research and medicine involve occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from a variety of lamps and lasers. While solar UVR exposure has been extensively studied, there is little information on methods to evaluate the efficiency of personal protective equipment (PPE) against exposure to artificial UVR sources.-\n-Various test methods and instrumentation for measuring the spectral attenuation of disposable gloves are discussed. Factors affecting the UVR transmission through disposable gloves are investigated, and a method of assessing the level of protection provided by the glove when protecting against monochromatic or broad-band UVR sources is discussed. Application-specific examples are provided, and areas where research and standardisation efforts are still needed are discussed. Keywords: optical radiation effects on humans, ultraviolet rays
CIE 183:2008 Definition of the cut-off of vehicle headlights
Authors:   CIE TC 4-10
Published: October 2022

A precise objective definition of low-beam visual cut-off is necessary, since a requirement for correct aiming of these beams is specified within all the existing regulations.-\n--\n-At present, aiming of low-beam headlamps is performed visually in Europe and USA (since 1997), using the cut-off line in the beam pattern. A good definition of a visual cut-off is required to allow uniformity in interpretations.-\n--\n-This report provides a survey of studies into low beam visual cut-off that have been carried out in Europe and North America. Based on these studies, a recommendation is made for the definition and measurement of the cut-off line of a low-beam headlamp by photometric means. Keywords: lighting by motor vehicle lamps
CIE 187:2010 UV-C photocarcinogenesis risks from germicidal lamps
Authors:   CIE TC 6-59
Published: October 2022

Increasingly, UV-C (100 nm to 280 nm) mediated air disinfection (principally 254 nm radiant energy from low-pressure mercury lamps) is being used as a building environmental control to provide human protection from transmission of airborne pathogens such as tuberculosis bacteria, influenza viruses and other aerosolized agents. Some uses of UV-C energy require direct exposure of the volume room air in a horizontal plane directly above the heads of occupants. In these settings there is the potential of reflected or scattered UV-C radiation that could result in human exposure. Known side effects of overexposure to UV-C radiation include transient corneal and conjunctival irritation (photo-keratoconjunctivitis) and skin irritation (erythema), which disappear within a 24 ? 48 hour period, not currently known to produce lasting biological damage. The ACGIH and ICNIRP threshold limit for 8 hour continuous exposure to UV-C radiation at 254 nm is 6 mJ�cm-2 (60 J�m-2), and proper installation of well engineered UV-C systems meet this criteria. However, there have been incidents of poor installations resulting in accidental UV-C overexposures. General statements that all UVR is carcinogenic have raised safety concerns of open air UV-C systems. Although, from basic biophysical principles, UV-C radiation is carcinogenic for the same reason that it is an effective germicidal agent, the attenuation provided by the stratum corneum and epithelial tissues of the skin greatly reduces the risk relative to UV-B radiation. UV germicidal irradiation can be safely and effectively used for upper air disinfection without a significant risk for long term delayed effects such as skin cancer. Keywords: air cleaners, air disinfection, germicidal lamps, optical radiation effects on humans, photobiology, photocarcinogenesis, UV radiation, UV-C
CIE 191:2010 Recommended System for Mesopic Photometry based on Visual Performance
Authors:   CIE TC 1-58
Published: October 2022

This report deals with visual task performance based approaches to mesopic photometry, with a major aim to establish appropriate mesopic spectral sensitivity functions to serve as the foundation of a system of mesopic photometry. A review of the most important visual tasks and the range of visual conditions typically encountered in the context of night-time driving is given.-\n--\n-The existing visual performance based systems for mesopic photometry were reviewed and tested with new independent data sources. The outcome of the analysis and testing is a recommended system for mesopic photometry based on visual performance. The report summarises the justifications for the recommended system and gives general guidelines for its use and application.-\n--\n-The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 79 pages with 27 figures and 17 tables, and is readily available at the National Committees of the CIE or via the CIE Webshop. Keywords: mesopic vision, photometry, visual performance, road lighting
CIE 193:2010 Emergency Lighting in Road Tunnels
Authors:   CIE TC 4-43
Published: October 2022

This report makes recommendations for emergency lighting in road tunnels longer than 500 m, to facilitate the safe evacuation of vehicle occupants in emergency situations such as fire. The recommendations may also be valid for tunnels less than 500 m in length, where conditions such as high traffic volume, or severe curvature or gradient apply. It The report addresses the fundamental issues of emergency lighting for evacuation routes, emergency exits, escape routes and lay-bys, as well as giving some practical advice regarding aspects of installation and maintenance in road tunnels. It recommends lighting levels and general provisions for emergency lighting installations that, based on experience, are considered to be necessary for the safety of people driving through road tunnels in case of an incident and particularly of fire. However, as there are different types of road tunnels, both in construction and traffic conditions and various types of incidents may occur, this report should be considered as a list of minimum recommendations for emergency lighting in tunnels, to be completed by means of specific risk analysis for the particular tunnel.-\n--\n-This report is intended to be used in conjunction with CIE 88 (2nd revision ? 2004 or any further revision) or with relevant Regional or National standards, directives and regulations for road tunnel lighting. The latter may include requirements that differ from the recommendations of this report, and take priority over them. Before following the recommendations of the report in a particular location, the existence of any relevant legal requirements should be investigated. Keywords: tunnel lighting, emergency lighting, safety lighting
CIE 197:2011 Proceedings of the 27th Session of the CIE, 9-16 July 2011, Sun City, South Africa
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

The Proceedings of the 27th Session of the CIE comprise one volume, subdivided into two parts. It contains on 1230 pages the texts of the Invited Papers, Presented Papers and Posters presented at the Session as well as the Introductions to the Workshops.FALSCH
CIE 198-SP2:2018 Determination of Measurement Uncertainties in Photometry Supplement 2: Spectral measurements and derivative quantities
Authors:   CIE TC 2-72
Published: October 2022

This report is a second supplement to CIE 198:2011 Determination of Measurement Uncertainties in Photometry for the determination of measurement uncertainties associated with the values of selected quantities in photometry. It deals with spectral measurements and combinations of measured spectral distributions, in particular with the effect of correlations between the measured spectral values that arise from the measurement and calibration processes.-\n--\n-Guidelines are given for identifying sources of correlation in spectral measurements. Calibration is treated as a transfer from a reference to the object of interest. Various processes of interpolation and correction may be applied to measured spectral values before they are combined. Examples of treating correlations introduced by such processes are included. Uncertainties in a number of important radiometric and photometric quantities determined from spectral measurements are provided, including the use of Monte-Carlo methods.-\n--\n-Photometer examples covered are photometric response, photometer V(?) mismatch index and spectral mismatch factor. Dominant wavelength, correlated colour temperature and blue-light hazard measurements are covered, with particular emphasis on LED sources. Keywords: photometry, radiometry, measurement uncertainty, calibration
CIE 199:2011 Methods for Evaluating Colour Differences in Images
Authors:   CIE TC 8-02
Published: October 2022

This Technical Report is concerned with the evaluation of colour differences between two similar images where the output media and the output viewing conditions are similar for both images. It is based on previously published work by CIE and other experts in this field. The report begins by reviewing the factors affecting the evaluation of these colour differences. Various methodologies are described to evaluate colour differences using both visual and instrumental methods. A series of reference colour digital images are presented. A method for statistically analysing average colour differences is described. All the activities of the Technical Committee in charge of this report are finally summarized and recommendations are made to apply either CIELAB or CIEDE2000 for evaluating colour differences for a pair of images displayed in the same medium side by side under the same illumination conditions. Keywords: colour difference, colorimetry, image processing
CIE 200:2011 CIE Supplementary System of Photometry
Authors:   CIE TC 1-37
Published: October 2022

The CIE Supplementary System of Photometry, which evaluates lights in terms of comparative brightness relationship at any level, is described. The system introduces the concept of equivalent luminance to describe brightness of a light or an object at any level including mesopic levels. The system develops a photometric model to calculate brightness-related equivalent luminance by using three components of existing photometric and colorimetric quantities (photopic luminance, L, scotopic luminance, L?, and chromatic contribution to brightness, c, i.e. brightness-to-luminance ratio (B/L)) with some weighting factors in their combinations that depend on the adaptation level. The use of the system and an example of calculation are also described. Results of testing the system with experimental brightness matching data are given in an appendix. Keywords: photometry, luminance, brightness, equivalent lumninance
CIE 207:2014 Sensitivity of Human Skin to Ultraviolet Radiation, Expressed as Minimal Erythema Dose (MED)
Authors:   CIE TC 6-48
Published: October 2022

Sensitivity of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) varies dramatically depending on its colour and also varies within each colour band. Yet, public health policies regarding UVR exposure of human skin are mostly based on our knowledge of the UVR effects in only one skin type class: fair-skinned White Caucasians. This report gives a review of the different approaches to predicting and measuring UVR sensitivity using the Minimal Erythema Dose (MED). The MED is defined as the smallest amount of radiation that causes a noticeable reddening of the skin in an individual after a single exposure (evaluated 1 day post-exposure). Ultraviolet radiation is used to diagnose and treat skin conditions in patients with a broad range of complexions (skin colour) from very fair to very dark. Occupational UVR exposures also concern workers representing all types of skin. A sizable proportion of the population in Western countries uses UVR-emitting indoor tanning equipment. Environmental UVR can induce damage in human skin of all complexions. This report recommends a new and simplified approach for categorization of human skin, based on their predisposition to sunburn (UVR-induced erythema). This categorization scheme is expected to facilitate modernization of public health policies. Keywords: actinic radiation effects, biologic effect of radiation, photobiology, radiation effects, ultraviolet radiation, phototherapy
CIE 212:2014 Guidance towards Best Practice in Psychophysical Procedures Used when Measuring Relative Spatial Brightness
Authors:   CIE TC 1-80
Published: October 2022

This report reviews evidence for the procedures and other factors of experiments carried out to investigate relative spatial brightness, making recommendations of those aspects that ought to be considered as essential, or at least desirable, for best practice. These factors include the size and complexity of the visual field employed in trials, evaluation mode (separate, simultaneous, sequential or successive) and experimental biases associated with selection of stimulus range and response mode. Some of the issues raised will be considered, by some, to be obvious and already standard practice: unfortunately such awareness is not widespread. This report hence serves as a guide for those planning experiments to investigate spatial brightness. The proposals are presented as recommendations and not as compulsory. The report identifies those issues for which further research is desirable. Keywords: physiological optics, vision, brightness
CIE 215:2014 CIE Standard General Sky Guide
Authors:   CIE TC 3-51
Published: October 2022

This report collects information for the application of the CIE Standard General Sky for general users and designers. The guide provides an explanation of the CIE Standard General Sky concept, which is described in ISO 15469:2004/CIE S 011:2003, and of its simplified use by practitioners. The document includes an extensive list of references on the subject and gives recommendations for prediction methods, tools and computer programs. Keywords: daylight, interior lighting, overcast sky, clear sky, standard general sky
CIE 216:2015 Proceedings of the 28th Session of the CIE, 28 June ? 4 July 2015, Manchester, United Kingdom
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

The Proceedings of the 28th Session of the CIE comprise two volumes.-\n-Volume 1, subdivided into two parts, contains on 2124 pages the texts of the invited papers, contributed papers and posters presented at the Session as well as the introductions to the workshops and seminars. This volume is available at the National Committees of the CIE or via the CIE Webshop.-\n-Volume 2 contains official reports of the administrative and technical meetings of the Session, thus presenting an overview on the technical work in CIE achieved during the Quadrennium. Volume 2 is freely available for download.FALSCH
CIE 219:2016 Maintaining Summer Levels of 25(OH)D during Winter by Minimal Exposure to Sunbeds: Requirements and Weighing the Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors:   CIE TC 6-66
Published: October 2022

Vitamin D is widely accepted as necessary for the regulation of calcium homeostasis and thus a healthy skeleton. Strictly a pro-hormone, it is unique amongst vitamins in having a second source pathway that is independent of oral intake: a major source of the vitamin is through synthesis in the skin. For those living at middle to high latitudes there is a period of the year when it is impractical to synthesize any appreciable vitamin D in the skin through exposure to solar UV radiation. To prevent a decline in vitamin D status an alternative source of the vitamin may be required at these times. This may be through diet (most usually low in vitamin D), supplementation, or an alternative source of UV radiation: the sun (by travelling to lower latitudes) or an artificial source. It has been shown, by reference to published work and calculations presented here, that it is possible to raise / maintain vitamin D levels using artificial UV radiation as emitted by commercial sunbeds. However, current sunbeds available on the high street are not designed or optimized for this purpose, and provide a significantly higher UV-A burden than sunlight for the same vitamin D potential. Unless and until publicly available sunbeds are fully characterized for their ability to initiate previtamin D synthesis they cannot be recommended as a safe and effective method of maintaining vitamin D status because the appropriate exposure (e.g. duration and frequency of use for this purpose) cannot be assessed. Sources designed specifically for the purpose, with a lower UV-A burden and clear application guidelines, would be more appropriate facilities for those who choose to gain vitamin D through artificial UV exposure, rather than by other means. Keywords: actinic radiation effects, biologic effect of radiation, photobiology, radiation effects, ultraviolet radiation, phototherapy
DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTROL SYSTEM TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT MODULATION ON INSECTS
Authors: De Causmaecker L.
Published: October 2022

By 2030, all public lighting in Flanders, Belgium will be replaced by LED technology. However, artificial lighting properties, such as flickering due to light modulation, influence nocturnal insects. This research describes the development of a novel measurement device that can control the flickering frequency, luminous flux and correlated color temperature (CCT) of an LED light box. This to evaluate the impact of artificial light modulation on insects. A case study has been developed using four identical setups that were placed on the university campus. For each setup, the flickering frequency can be varied (f = 0 Hz, 80 Hz, 120 Hz, 150 Hz) while other parameters are unchanged. When an insect is detected, an image is taken which allows further determination. In this paper, descriptive statistics on the number of detected insects are presented. The results of the prototype and measurement setup are promising for further research in different areas of biology.
FIELD MEASUREMENT OF TLM QUANTITIES IN LIGHTING SCENARIOS
Authors: Chen C. , Chen Y. , Li Q. , Pan J.
Published: October 2022

Field measurement of TLM quantities in lighting scenarios is quite different from the laboratory measurement, including test environment, main supply and etc. In this paper, the influence of measurement position will be discussed based on the measurement of spatial distribution of TLM quantities. Besides, the influence of voltage fluctuation and harmonic components will also be analyzed. These will help to evaluate the uncertainty of field measurement of TLM quantities in lighting scenarios.
ANTI-ALIASING FILTER EFFECTS ON SAMPLING FREQUENCY AND EFFECTS OF MATHEMATICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Koch R. , Zuber R.
Published: October 2022

The requirements for a measurement device regarding the detection of temporal light artefacts are complex in many ways. In this work, we investigated the effect of aliasing and its impact on SVM and Pst. For a suitable measurement device, an anti-aliasing filter is essential, but the right choice of such a filter involves the consideration of many factors. Very important is the correct adjustment of the sampling frequency with respect to the transmission of the anti-aliasing filter. Filter type, filter order and cut-off frequency in combination with the chosen sampling frequency are directly related to measurement errors. In addition, not only the measurement itself, but also the calculation of quantities like SVM and Pst can introduce errors to TLA results. For the evaluation of SVM for instance, a Fourier transformation of the signal is necessary. To avoid or minimize errors in the frequency detection, common signal processing techniques can be applied. We examine the use of zero-padding (nulling) and windowing on the input signal before an FFT is performed. With the right choice of these techniques, we increase the reliability of the results. These techniques cannot be applied directly to the evaluation of Pst, since this calculation is done in the time domain. Nevertheless, we show that advantages in terms of reliability and measurement duration can be achieved by moving to the frequency domain (Fourier transformation).
El Péndulo, la Espiral y el Holograma. Metáforas para pensar la universidad
Authors: Valencia Tabares Stella
Published: October 2022

Este libro presenta los resultados de investigación y debates sobre los temas que han convocado y mantenido el grupo de investigación. Recoge las discusiones en torno a los grandes temas conceptuales del grupo, pero que cuentan con un referente empírico importante. Cada uno de los artículos es producto de investigaciones en las cuales los miembros del grupo han participado de manera individual pero vinculada con las líneas de investigación. Por ello, el lector encontrará una diáspora temática: organizaciones, intervención social, jóvenes, mujeres, violencia, destierro y despojo, seguridad y convivencia en medio de los asuntos centrales que los unen: acciones colectivas, sujetos sociales y conflicto. Adicionalmente, desde el grupo asumimos la investigación no solo en un sentido formativo, aunque lo incluye, sino también como la posibilidad de generar procesos, o vincularse a procesos sociales que tengan como meta la incidencia en procesos de transformación social; creemos que es posible construir la historia de una manera distinta y que es posible construir la historia de una manera distinta y que es posible el buen vivir desde lo colectivo y desde el encuentro con los otros visibilizar aquello que nos une hoy.
Effects of Geometry of Wings Submerged in Turbulent Bluff-Body Wake
Authors: Zhang Zhehong , Wang Zhijin , Gursul Ismet
Published: October 2022

The effects of the aspect ratio, the sweep angle, and the leading-edge geometry of wings placed in a turbulent wake were investigated in wind-tunnel experiments at a chord Reynolds number of [Formula: see text]. The poststall lift enhancement due to the leading-edge vortex formation was studied at optimal locations in the wake. The effects of the strength of the leading-edge vortices, the ratio of the spanwise length scale of the incident vortex to the wingspan, and the degree of two-dimensionality of the wake–wing interaction were studied. The competition between the effects of the spanwise length scale of the incident wake and the strength of the leading-edge vortices determined the optimal aspect ratio, which was found to be around four. Increasing the sweep angle decreased the mean lift due to the decreased two-dimensionality of the vortex formation. Airfoils with sharp leading edge produced the strongest leading-edge vortices but further away from the wing surface, resulting in lower maximum lift. Relative to the performance in the undisturbed freestream, the increases in the stall angle and maximum lift coefficient were not significantly affected by the leading-edge shape.
Kedudukan Etnis Tionghoa dalam Multikulturalisme Indonesia: Antara Harapan dan Kenyataan
Authors: Wijayanti Yeni
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the position of the ethnic Chinese in multi-ethnic Indonesia. The dichotomy of natives (original citizens) and non-natives (citizens of Chinese descent) emerged since the Dutch colonial period, which is finally still embedded in the motherland. The purpose of this literature research is to reveal the position of the Chinese ethnicity in Indonesia. The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Data collection techniques are carried out using literature or literature studies. The research findings show that there are still ethnic Chinese in Indonesia who experience discrimination even though the government is trying to unite all ethnic groups. Regimes changed after colonialism disappeared from Indonesia, but the gap between the ethnic Chinese and the indigenous population still exists despite assimilation and integration efforts. This can be seen when a crisis occurs, ethnic Chinese are often the target of anger from the native population.
Vascular physiology: A bridge between health and disease
Authors: Das Kusal K.
Published: October 2022

A functional aspect of the vascular system is defined as vascular physiology, which covers mostly cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, renovascular and pulmonary vascular systems. Most of the system functions with perfect homeostasis under the coverage of haemodynamics. This haemodynamics maintains a steady relationship between intravascular pressure (P), overall vascular resistance (R) and circulatory flow (F). To explore more unknown facts of vascular physiology further research in experimental physiology with small animals by in vivo, vascular cell line research by in vitro, applications of bioinformatics tools by in silico and clinical studies are needed.
Significance of biochemical and hematological indicators in predicting COVID-19 prognosis during the omicron variant phase – A retrospective study
Authors: Gandhi Khushi , Khare Shalini , Sachdeva Ruchi
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) causes a multiorgan disease affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous, and other systems of the body. Omicron infections increased exponentially during the third wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India which started in December 2021. Omicron is a variant of SARS-CoV-2. It has a high transmission rate and the ability to escape immunity. A range of biochemical and hematological indicators can aid in determining the severity of the infection and the need for prompt treatment.

Materials and Methods:

During January and February 2022, 492 confirmed cases of COVID were evaluated for biomarkers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, inflammatory indicators such as interleukin-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ferritin.

Result:

The present study revealed a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly Omicron and elevated levels of NLR, CRP, LDH, and ferritin. Hematological aberrations such as anemia, erythrocytopenia, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia were also observed in some cases.

Conclusion:

Biochemical and hematological markers such as CRP LDH, Ferritin and NLR are important parameters in the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection including Omicron infections.
Assessment of Geosite and Geomorphosite at South Solok Aspiring Geopark Area
Authors: Sahara Rina , Setiawan Budhi
Published: October 2022

South Solok is one of the five districts designated as the aspiring of the Ranah Minang Geopark. Various reliefs and geological structures cause the diversity of landscapes to be an attraction for tourists and ecosystems with biodiversity. The study intends to identify geosite and geomorphosite in the South Solok area with field observations to describe the state of geology, geomorphology of geosite sites, and geomorphosite. Site assessment is carried out quantitatively with five assessment parameters; scientific, educational, functional, tourist, and posting activities on tourist sites on social media. Field observation found 17 sites classified into four groups, specifically waterfalls, manifestations of hot springs, geomorphological landscapes, and caves. Based on the results of the highest value representation obtained by the Batukapal Cave sites with a value of 44.86% and the lowest at Timbulun Waterfall at 0.1%. Of the 17 sites, four sites are considered the main sites in the research area: Suliti Waterfall, Sapan Maluluang Hot Spring Manifestation, Batukapal Cave, and Camintoran.
Soigner l’image de l’EHPAD pour soigner les ressources territoriales et l’innovation sociale en gérontologie
Authors: Laplaud Ambre
Published: October 2022

Particulièrement durant l’épidémie de Covid-19, les médias accentuent l’image de l’EHPAD en un lieu de maltraitance – physique et psychique – un huit clos. Cette médiatisation est ambivalente. D’un côté elle permet de porter sur la place publique les difficultés présentes des EHPAD pour contraindre les pouvoirs publics à réagir et d’un autre, elle donne une image stigmatisante de ces établissements. C’est un dilemme qu’il convient de nuancer. Si des institutions sont totalisantes par nature, il n’en demeure pas moins que cette violence institutionnelle se maîtrise et s’amenuise au fur et à mesure que les besoins de l’usagers sont pris en considération, certes en les pondérant avec différents modes de fonctionnement de l’institution : EHPAD hors les murs, EHPAD tiers-lieux... L’engagement de toute la société dans ce changement de regard sur les EHPAD nécessite une volonté politique et un relais médiatique. Cet engagement dans une société réellement prévenante doit être pris en compte non seulement par les autorités nationales mais également par les acteurs locaux qui sont proches des personnes concernées : l’intercommunalité, les départements et les agences régionales de santé qui ont en outre la capacité de prendre des décisions financières. Enfin, cette transformation devrait être valorisée par les médias. Une telle approche nourrit non seulement l’empowerment et l’autonomie des personnes âgées et de leurs proches aidants, mais elle contribue également à une démarche plus fondamentale de démocratie locale et sanitaire. Les médias ont une réelle mission dans la diffusion d’une culture de projets d’EHPAD territorialisés et s’inscrivent pleinement dans la stratégie d’une banque citoyenne, mettant en œuvre une logique de prévention très en amont des éventuelles diminutions de capacité liées à l’âge. Cela permettrait d’ancrer l’aide à domicile ainsi que l’hébergement dans un environnement beaucoup plus porteur.
Quantification of gas-accessible microporosity in metal-organic framework glasses
Authors: Frentzel-Beyme Louis , Kolodzeiski Pascal , Weiß Jan-Benedikt , Schneemann Andreas , Henke Sebastian
Published: October 2022

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are a new class of microporous glass materials with immense potential for applications ranging from gas separation to optics and solid electrolytes. Due to the inherent difficulty to determine the atomistic structure of amorphous glasses, the intrinsic structural porosity of MOF glasses is only poorly understood. In this work, the porosity features of a series of prototypical MOF glass formers from the family of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and their corresponding glasses is investigated comprehensively. CO2 gas sorption at 195 K allows to follow the evolution of microporosity when transforming from the crystalline to the glassy state of these materials. Based on these data, the pore volume and the apparent density of the ZIF glasses (i.e. the density including the intrinsic microporosity of the glasses) are quantified for the first time. Additional hydrocarbon sorption data (n-butane, propane and propylene) at variable temperatures together with X-ray total scattering experiments prove that the porosity features (in particular the pore size and the pore limiting diameter) of the ZIF glasses depend on the types of organic linkers present in the glass network. This allows formulating first design principles for a targeted tuning of the intrinsic microporosity of MOF glasses. Importantly, these principles are counterintuitive and contrary to established porosity design concepts for crystalline MOFs but show similarities to strategies previously developed for porous polymers.
The Role of Hydrogen Adsorption Site Diversity in Catalysis on Transition Metal Phosphide Surfaces
Authors: Kuo Ding-Yuan , Nishiwaki Emily , Rivera-Maldonado Ricardo , Cossairt Brandi
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen production via clean technologies such as water electrolysis, and its use in the synthesis of value-added chemicals (e.g., ammonia production), play a critical role in the pursuit of decarbonization. This realization requires effective earth-abundant catalysts that facilitate making and breaking H—H and H—X bonds. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs), such as nickel phosphide, cobalt phosphide, and molybdenum phosphide, have been historically used as hydro-processing catalysts in the petroleum industry, enabling critical hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions. Over the past two decades, TMPs have been attracting extensive attention for applications in energy conversion due to their exceptional activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The exceptional HER activity of certain TMPs has been attributed to their nearly ideal H binding energy (HBE), similar to Pt, as deduced by first-principles calculations. In contrast to Pt and other noble metals, where HER and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activities are usually correlated, TMPs are usually inactive for HOR. This challenges the applicability of HBE theory to describe activity trends for H2 electrocatalysis on TMPs. In this viewpoint, we discuss the structural complexity of TMPs and its impact on the formation of adsorbed H (Had) and catalysis. In light of this we discuss the validity of HBE theory on TMPs and whether a single value of HBE is sufficient to describe TMP activity trends. Lastly, we propose that the presence of diverse adsorption sites on TMP surfaces can be leveraged to design selective and efficient hydrogenation and electrochemical reduction reactions beyond HER.
Loesslike Rocks on the Khurai-Khobok Volcanic Cone in the Tunkinskaya Valley: Sediment Composition and Clay Minerals
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Alokla R. ,   University of Aleppo, Chuvashova I. S. ,   Irkutsk State University,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Rasskazov S. V. ,   Irkutsk State University,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Akulova V. V. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Rubtsova M. N. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Budaev R. Ts. ,   Geological Institute SB RAS
Published: October 2022

The results of studying the chemical, granulometric and mineral composition of a 2.8-meter sequence of sediment layers exposed on the slope of the cinder cone of the Khurai-Khobok volcano are presented. The lower age limit of sedimentary deposits is determined by the K–Ar dating of 1.57±0.3 Ma for the volcanic cone basalts, which is consistent with the reverse magnetization of the Matuyama Epoch rocks. The lower layers are represented by clayey sands, the middle layers by layered clayey sands, and the upper layers by clayey loess-like rocks. Clay minerals of the layers are identified using X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. From the results obtained, a conclusion was made about the accumulation of the lower layers in mixed subaqueous and subaerial conditions, the middle ones – in subaqueous conditions, and the upper ones – in conditions of eolian transport of material. The processing of the material was carried out in the joint laboratory of modern research methods in dynamic and engineering geology of ISU and IPC SB RAS. Studies of clay minerals were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an EDS spectrometer at the Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. To determine the mineral composition, samples ground in an agate mortar with alcohol were studied by powder diffraction on a DRON-3.0 X-ray diffractometer. Recording conditions: radiation – СuКα, Ni – filter, V = 30 kV, I = 20 mA, scanning step – 0.05°.
Geology and Geochemistry of Alkaline Syenite Arrays of the Sydo-Erba Depression (Minusinsk Trough)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Dushkin E. P.
Published: October 2022

This research work is devoted to the study of the chemical composition of the alkalinesyenite massifs of the Sydo-Erba depression based on the available geological and geochemical data. For about 100 years, the massifs have attracted the attention of various scientists not only from the practical point of view, as possible sources of aluminum raw materials, but also as objects for research, in particular, to determine the shape of the bodies of nepheline syenites occurring in them and models of the formation of alkaline magmas. The studied intrusions are composed mainly of syenites and alkaline syenites, as well as a few bodies of nepheline syenites. The paper will present and compare the geochemical data of alkaline nepheline syenites (foyaites) and nepheline syenites (tensbergites), which compose such massifs as Saibarsky, Burovsky, Vysokoy, Kosmatoy, in order to identify the influence of granite-diorite complexes on their composition. To achieve this goal, it is supposed to study the geological and petrographic features of the structure of the massifs, as well as to analyze the chemical composition of rocks of geochemical data presented in the form of contents of petrogenic and rare elements.
Cluster analysis and ensemble transfer learning for COVID-19 classification from computed tomography scans
Authors: Gotsev Lyubomir , Mitkov Ivan , Kovatcheva Eugenia , Jekov Boyan , Nikolov Roumen , Shoikova Elena , Petkova Milena
Published: October 2022

The paper presents a brief analysis of publications utilizing the public SARS-CoV-2 dataset, consisting of patients’ computer tomography scans captured from Brazil hospitals and an experimental setup addressing the found data challenges. The analysis shows that all protocols, with one exception, suffer from data leakage arising from data organization where the patients and their images are not grouped. Each patient is represented with several scans. It can provide misleading results as data of the same individual may occur in both training and test sets. Furthermore, only one paper proposed ensemble learning utilizing as base models VGG-16, ResNet50, and Xception. Therefore, we proposed and experimented with the following strategy to mitigate the found risks of bias: data standardization and normalization to achieve proper contrast and resolution; k-means and group shuffle split to avoid data leakage; augmentation and ensemble transfer learning to deal with limited sample size and over-fitting. Compared with the earlier proposed ensemble approach, the current one stacks VGG-16, Densenet-201, and Inception v3, achieving higher accuracy (99.3 %), second in the related work, and most significantly, it applies augmentation and clustering analysis to avoid overestimation. In contrast, the paper also presented critical metrics in the medical domain: negative prediction value (99.55%), false positive rate (0.89%), false negative rate (0.42%), and false discovery rate (0.83%). The strategy has two main advantages: reducing data pitfalls and decreasing generalization error. It can serve as a baseline to increase the performance quality and mitigate the risk of bias in the field.
The years 1918–1921: the recovery of Polish independence in the international context
Authors: Ciechanowski Jan Stanisław
Published: October 2022

The article highlights Poland’s foreign policy in 1918-1921 and emphasizes that the key role in the restoration of independent Poland was played by Józef Piłsudski, a moderate socialist leader of the independent forces of Poland, and the conservative Polish National Committee in Paris led by Roman Dmowski. At the beginning of 1919, a new Polish government was formed, which included members of both these political parties. The decision on Poland’s western borders was made at the Paris Conference. The new Bolshevik Russia and its imperialism became the most terrible threat to the newly created Polish state, as it was demonstrated in 1920 during the Polish-Bolshevik war. The idea of a friendly Ukrainian independent state in the East was not achieved, despite efforts in this direction. Another threat was associated with German revisionism. However, Poland defended its independence, and new borders of the country were established. Relations with other neighbours, Czechoslovakia and Lithuania, were strained due to border disputes. The exceptions were Romania and Latvia.
Функції та форми участі міжнародних організацій у світополітичних процесах і врегулювання міжнародних конфліктів
Authors: Khvist Victoria
Published: October 2022

У сучасних умовах загострюються багато політичних протиріч, з’являються нові загрози і виклики миру та безпеці на планеті, а геополітичне протистояння провідних міжнародних акторів ускладнює вирішення проблем соціально-економічного розвитку світу в цілому. У зв’язку з цим значення і роль міжнародних організацій та ООН, зокрема, як провідної всесвітньої організації і глобального політичного інституту зростає. Міжнародний мир забезпечується двома механізмами – балансом сил на світовій арені, з одного боку, міжнародними організаціями та міжнародним правом, з іншого. За своїми можливостями ООН найбільшою мірою відображає другий механізм міжнародного миру. Однак, на даному етапі в практичному плані досі сучасні міжнародні міжурядові організації не напрацювали єдиного підходу щодо проведення миротворчих операцій і єдиної теоретико-правової бази миротворчості. Тому ефективність миротворчості, яка вимагає узгоджених спільних дій акторів світової політики продовжує залишатися на низькому рівні, а тому перед сучасними міжнародними організаціями стоїть завдання підвищити свій міжнародно-правовий статус і стати реальними конкурентами держав у вирішенні міжнародних конфліктів.
Posible nomadismo en el chivirín sabanero (Cistothorus platensis) en el Distrito Federal, México
Authors: Gómez de Silva Garza Héctor , Oliveras de Ita Adán
Published: October 2022

El Chivirín sabanero, durante su temporada de reproducción, tiene poblaciones sedentarias (Sudamérica) y nómadas (Estados Unidos). Nuestras observaciones en 1999 sugieren que en La Cima, D.F., México, la población de esta especie es nómada.
Breeding of Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Forcey John M.
Published: October 2022

Anidación de Accipiter cooperii en Oaxaca, MéxicoAccipiter cooperii se ha encontrado anidando en la zona central del estado de Oaxaca, a poco más de 1000 km al sureste de donde anteriormente se creía que era el limite sur de su área de anidación.
Anotaciones sobre el nido del chipe de cabeza rosada (Cardellina versicolor), con observaciones de comportamiento parental
Authors: Quiñónez-Guzmán Juan Miguel , Bosarreyes Bianca B. , Orozco Díaz Edgardo
Published: October 2022

Existe escasa información sobre la anidación del chipe de cabeza rosada, Cardellina versicolor, residente de Mesoamérica. En mayo 2009 y 2018, encontramos tres nidos de C. versicolor entre 2426 y 2726 msnm en Guatemala. Los nidos estaban en pendientes a orillas de senderos a 1.11. ± 0.84 m de altura, tenían forma de domo, sujetados sobre vegetación herbácea, y constituidos por acículas de Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus sp. y hojas de gramíneas. La nidada fue de dos a tres pichones y/o huevos y ambos padres compartieron el cuidado parental. Registramos seis eventos de ingreso al nido con duración de 10.7 ± 12.3 min, y en seis ocasiones el nido quedó solo por 5.8 ± 3.4 min. Las crías fueron alimentadas con larvas de lepidópteros y los pichones tardaron ≥13 días en abandonar el nido. En comparación con sus congéneres migratorias, C. versicolor presentó menor tamaño de nidada y mayor tiempo en abandonar el nido, lo que se ajusta al patrón latitudinal.
Identificación de Eimeria columbarum en la paloma doméstica (Columba livia) en la ciudad de Toluca, México.
Authors: Salgado-Miranda Celene , Soriano-Vargas Edgardo
Published: October 2022

La paloma doméstica (Columba livia) fue introducida de Europa a América del Norte a principios del siglo XVII, y con ella sus enfermedades. La infección por parásitos de los géneros Eimeria e Isospora por lo regular afectan el tracto intestinal y pueden ocasionar enfermedad entérica en aves silvestres y domésticas. Mundialmente, al menos 5 especies de Eimeria han sido descritas en la paloma doméstica. En este trabajo describimos por primera vez los ooquistes esporulados de E. columbarum en muestras fecales de paloma doméstica de la ciudad de Toluca, México.