bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Protection of Land Tenure by Foreign Investors through Nominee Agreement in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Nahak Simon , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to describe legal protection as the provision of legal certainty to every citizen, individual or legal entity, to fight for and/or defend their rights and obligations by law enforcement officers and/or authorized officials in a certain place. More specifically, the analysis was conducted by using the socio-legal approach to examine the legal protection of land tenure by foreign investors through the nominee agreement in Bali, Indonesia. Moreover, the method was also done by using a normative approach through the analysis of legal matters in Indonesian laws. The legal basis is regulated in the basic constitutional provisions of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Criminal Code, the Civil Code, the Basic Agrarian Law, the Environmental Act, Tourism Act, Investment Act, Government Regulation No. 41 of 1996 concerning ownership of residential houses or dwellings by foreigners domiciled in Indonesia. The results showed that there is no exception to foreign investors who contribute to the community also get legal protection. To carry out these investment activities requires land that is sometimes controlled by using nominee. The nominee is someone who acts for and on behalf of another party as the endorsee/guardian, agent/representative of the nominee/simulation/fake agreement. Sociological outlook showed that the sociological basis of Balinese society consists of a spiritual community that upholds local culture because many foreign citizens visit and reside because they want to take a vacation to visit the tourist area and find work in Bali, especially working in the field of tourism services and other fields of work that revive the community in Bali.
Restorative Justice as a Resolution for the Crime of Rape with Child Perpetrators
Authors: Sulistyo Edhei , Pujiyono  , Nur
Published: June 2021

A child who commits a criminal act can be called a child in conflict with the law. One of the crimes committed by children was rape, which involved elementary and junior high school children in Probolinggo; they reportedly raped a high school student until they became pregnant. Sexual crimes against children occur in Southeast Asian countries, such as the Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to review restorative justice as an effort to resolve the criminal act of rape with child perpetrators. The research method used is normative juridical research, with the approach of laws and concepts and collecting primary legal material in the form of existing cases. This study found that the restorative justice process in juvenile crime is essential because there are essential things to focus on the regulation that requires the active role of the community, perpetrators, and victims of crime, including the affected community, in the restorative justice process. A fundamental balancing approach must also be taken, namely, first, imposing sanctions based on responsibility for recovering victims' losses as a consequence of criminal acts; second, rehabilitation and reintegration of actors; and third, strengthening community safety and security systems.
Social Vulnerability and How It Matters: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia, Toharudin Toni
Published: June 2021

nterdisciplinary and cross-cultural studies of the impacts of environment and social vulnerability must be undertaken to address the problem of social vulnerability in the foreseeable future. Scientist or social scientists should first continuously strive towards approaches can integrate municipal technological expertise, experiences, knowledge, perceptions, and expectations into emergency circumstances, so that people can be sharper on issues and offer responses with their matters. In this paper. We performing the Bibliometric Analysis to review published papers on the keyword 'Social Vulnerability'. There are 29,468 papers published in the last 52 years from 1969 to November 2020. Disaster research by implementing the Internet of Things (IoT), data mining, machine learning is still needed.
Monetary Theory of the Genesis of the State, Prospects for Electronic Money and Transnational Law
Authors: Sarsembayev Daniyar
Published: June 2021

This article is an attempt to explain a new way of the cause of the emergence of the state with simultaneous consideration of previously known theories in legal science. Several arguments are presented in favor of the new theory, which, in the author’s opinion, are sufficiently valid. The author analyzes the dynamics of the development of the causes of the emergence of state and law and its influence on the transformation of the latest civilizations, which took place in history. Based on the historical chronology of the emergence and functioning of money, the author conventionally differs three stages in its development: 1) the period of the gold standard or a chronic shortage of monetary liquidity; 2) the period of paper money and inflationary pressure; 3) the digital money period. The author upholds a new position regarding the essence of international law, believing that international law is not a separate system of law, but only the result of the evolution of law from national to international, which became possible thanks to the development of the institution of money. The author shares his thoughts on the true reason for justifying the state’s right to war in international law a while back, expressed in a persistent shortage of monetary liquidity, which took place from the moment the first civilizations appeared until the 20th century. This article establishes a projection for the further development of state and law, including international law, alongside the inevitable transition of the world community to the digital money supply. The article reveals not only the vision of the new monetary system, its absolute transparency, and clarity but also the various opportunities we face in such a transition. In this regard, the states and the world community will come to clear and effective outcomes in management, to the practical abolition of corruption and economic crime, to legal methods of conducting all competitions and public procurement, to fair and effective justice, and the establishment of highly moral relations in society.
The Concept of Private-Administration Contracts in Settling Problems in Government Goods/Services Procurement Contracts
Authors: Solechan  , Wibawa Kadek Cahya Susila , Sujoko Ajik
Published: June 2021

Contracts for the procurement of government goods/services are the realm of private law that implements pure private contracts. A legal relationship in a private contract, especially in a contract settlement, is a relationship between the settlement of the rights and obligations of the parties. This study describes the settlement of government goods/service procurement contracts that require a legal basis both in principle and theory. By using the conceptual analysis method, the findings indicate an inconsistency in solving a legal problem in a government procurement contract, where private legal issues are resolved through administrative law. Theoretically, this study contributes to the resolution of this problem, there are intersections between two legal aspects, namely private law and administrative law. In practical terms, this study encourages the development of government goods/service procurement contract problem-solving practices to adopt the contract problem-solving method starting to use administrative law.
Punishment of Criminals of Trafficking in Persons: Legal Perspective on International Guidelines and Indonesian Practices
Authors: Farhana Farhana
Published: June 2021

The background of this study is that penalization is not only oriented towards the perpetrators of crimes of trafficking in persons but also oriented to the interests of victims and the community so that criminal justice aims to integrally protect various interests. The study aims to identify the punishment of criminals of trafficking in persons based on the interests of victims in Indonesian court practices as outlined by some regulations and the international community as outlined by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). Considering that the study is a transnational crime, the point of view used in this study is clear to analyse the perspective of the national community and the ‎international community. Hence, the standard ‎measuring instrument used the perspective of international justice and its practical implementation by the Indonesian court. By using the library research method, the results showed that trafficking crimes are considered serious crimes by the international community. In regulating human trafficking, every country has laws regarding trafficking crimes by the applicable legal system. The theoretical contribution of this study is that each human trafficking crime case has different characteristics due to the condition of the perpetrator, the victim, the situation when the trafficking crime was committed. Therefore, as a practical contribution, the Indonesian court considers these factors which can be considered as a weighting or a reduction in sentence. The problem is incriminating and mitigating factors that must be considered in imposing penalties against traffickers. The study offers originality in investigating the factors which are burdensome and mitigate in imposing crimes against traffickers. The findings underline the principle of criminalization as the basis for imposing penalties on perpetrators of trafficking in persons by taking into account the factors of weighting and mitigation of punishment, in which the proportional principle takes precedence in addition to the other principles.
The Bill Elimination on Sexual Violence: Importance for Indonesian Women
Authors: Herawati Ratna , Purwanti Ani , Pinilih Sekar Anggun Gading
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to find out to understand the importance of the bill in improving the quality of life of Indonesian women, as well as the vision, mission, and direction of President Joko Widodo in 2019-2024. This research was conducted by using the juridical empirical method, by looking at problems in the community, then looks for the legal basis and expert opinion, and is processed using the triangulation method. The results showed that increasing cases regarding various types of violence against women in various places cause the government needs to make a regulation needed to eliminate sexual violence through the bill. Hence, the Bill on the Elimination of Sexual Violence is urgently needed in Indonesia. The findings also noted that previous regulations have not sufficiently regulated the form of protection for women against sexual violence. The main conclusion of the study is that the bill is a form of the government's responsibility to ensure the fulfillment of these rights: the right to handle, right to protection, and right to recovery.
Impact of Coastal Reclamation on Environmental Sustainability and Tourism-Based Economy on the North Coast of Java
Authors: Turisno Bambang Eko , Dew I Gusti Ayu Gangga Santi
Published: June 2021

Coastal reclamation has been increasingly growing in Indonesia is done by multiplying natural resources and economy in coastal management for the welfare of the surrounding community. The research objective is to determine the potential of coastal reclamation land in Coastal residents that is sustainable and to reconstruct a just marine environment reclamation policy. This research can be broadly grouped into the realm of the socio-legal approach. The results of the research showed that the potential for marine reclamation on the north coast of Jawa for business development and tourism areas for the welfare of the surrounding community. Since 2014, the authority of the sea and the coast has become the authority of the provincial government. The authority and supervision of the regional government are reduced, considered detrimental for the life of the coastal community which is the majority of fishermen. Hence, the policy reconstruction of marine environment reclamation is carried out by reconstructing the value of policies in the form of making policies that genuinely involve community and reconstructing the laws and regulations that are still in force.
New Direction to the Sustainable Development Goals in Job Creation Bill in Indonesia
Authors: Lumbanraja Anggita Doramia
Published: June 2021

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) deliver a long list for UN Member countries to do, especially in the legal and regulatory frameworks. UN SDGs contain many kinds of human needs aspect, and it is not easy to regulate all through the conventional legislative process. It raises the needs of the omnibus bill use. This article studied the opportunities and the urgency of the omnibus bill use to solve this problem. The author uses a doctrinal method with literature studies to examine how SDGs can be obtained with the use of the omnibus bill. The omnibus bill has the potential to help countries achieve the UN SDGs. In the implementation stage, the author found that it is a normal phenomenon that a political will contains economic interests in the adaptation process, likewise, with the omnibus bill case in several countries. However, it does not erase the fact that there has been a wave of resistance in its implementation due to people's unpreparedness in accepting changes brought by the political policies that are contained in the controversial omnibus bill. Therefore, the government must ensure that the omnibus bill is open to the change opportunities demanded by the people to improve the omnibus bill.
Business Relationships between Corporations and Distributors: A Study of Petroleum Business Law in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Budi
Published: June 2021

The paper aims to analyze the business relationship in LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) distribution and marketing in Indonesia as it has an important and strategic role for most Indonesian people. By using a juridical and empirical approach, the results showed that Pertamina is a state-owned company that assigns LPG duties to the end-user. To reaches the end-user needed by another intermediary, namely an agent. The legal relationship between Pertamina and the agent is stipulated in the agency contract. Form the theory side, it is necessary to research whether the agency contract is based on the basic principles of agency law or not. The incompatibility of an agency contract with the basic principles of agency law caused the contract not to have legal force. The contribution of this research is its examination of the legal validity of the agency contract of Pertamina with the agent and to provide a legal opinion from the agency theory side which should be the basis for making agency contracts.
Legal Aspect of Relationship between Political Parties, People, and People's Representatives
Authors: Cahyawat Dwi Putri , Hoesein Zainal Arifin
Published: June 2021

This article discussed the topic of political party membership in the Indonesian Parliament institutions, which is based on the pattern of relations between the People's Representatives and the people they represent, and their impact in the process of forming and implementing strategic policies that rely on popular sovereignty. The article focused on the study of politics of law in the institutionalization of political parties within the parliament's institutions and the impact on the exercise of popular sovereignty. This paper has several different approaches if related to the basic theory of democracy about political links which generally examines the relationship between political parties and their voters, between politicians and citizens, and between members of parliament and their people. The results emphasize the pattern of relations between the representatives of the people and the people they represent, in connection with the institutional existence of the Indonesian parliament which is the executor of people's sovereignty.
Legal Reformation of Tax Court in Indonesia: Reforming Legal Culture, Institutional and Legislative Aspects
Authors: Ispriyarso Budi , Bayuseno Athasius P. , Wahab Harlida Abdul
Published: June 2021

This research is motivated by the many weaknesses that exist in the Ppajak court in Indonesia. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out with the aim that the tax court in the future will be better, more certain in law, and just. The problem is the reason for reforming the tax court in Indonesia and the way to reform the law on the tax court in Indonesia. The research method used is a statutory, historical, and comparative approach. The result of his research is that the tax court in Indonesia must be reformed because it contains many weaknesses. Furthermore, the findings show that tax court reform must be carried out from the aspects of legislation, institutional and legal culture. Based on the statutory aspect, synchronization of laws must be carried out. Based on the institutional aspect, institutional improvement must be carried out. Based on the aspect of legal culture, this must be done by increasing the morale of the parties. The novelty of this research is that the tax dispute settlement model is found after the tax court becomes a special court within the state administrative court. In conclusion, the tax court in Indonesia still contains many weaknesses, so it must be reformed immediately.
Public Policy: Inconsistency of Online and Conventional Land Transportation Regulations in Indonesia on Social Conflict Implications
Authors: Gusti Djasa Pinara , Supriyono Bambang , Wardhono Hendro , Rozikin Mochammad , Riyadi Bambang Slamet
Published: June 2021

This scientific journal research analyzes a public policy on regulatory inconsistencies made by public officials that cause social conflict in society. The research problem focuses on PM 12/2019 regulations with UULLAJ/2009. The research approach method was qualitative. Creswell defines the qualitative method as a research method based on a constructive perspective, that is various meanings; meanings that are constructed socially and historically to develop a theory or pattern. The researchers collected and developed open data, intending to develop themes from the data obtained. This research aims to describe in depth the facts related to the inconsistency of regulations made by public officials which have an impact on the conflicts between the riders of online-based motorcycle taxi and conventional motorcycle taxi as land transportation in Indonesia. The data collection technique used document study. The observations carried out were passive participatory observations because the researchers only visited the research location and observed any events that occurred related to the conflict between online GOJEK riders and conventional OJEK riders in the research site. The research used interactive data analysis technique. Activities in data analysis consisted of: (1) data reduction; (2) data presentation; and (3) conclusion/verification. Based on the research data, it could be concluded that there were inconsistencies of public policy regulations regarding motorcycles (two-wheeled vehicles), as online-based public transportation vehicles based on PM 12/2019 with UULLAJ/2009, Article 47. In this case, motorcycles are not included in the category of public transportation types. The immediate solution should be made based on the results of research on online-based land transportation to date in Indonesia, since it has not been regulated by regulations on public transportation. Moreover, the technology platform service providers can no longer deny that their services are actually public transportation services. Online-based land transportation must also be regulated in the form of laws and regulations on public transportation and under the law on road traffic and transportation. This indicates that Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation needs to be revised, and at the same time provides a legal protection for the regulations related to online-based land transportation.
The Role of International Adjudicative Bodies in Prosecuting Genocide Crime: A Case Study of International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
Authors: Setiyono Joko , Roisah Kholis
Published: June 2021

This paper is intended to explain the urgency of the formation of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), as an ad hoc international court based on United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution No. 827 of 1993, to try perpetrators of genocidal crimes against ethnic Bosnian Muslims. The crime of genocide originated from the ethnic conflict that occurred in the federation of Yugoslavia. The research was conducted by using a qualitative method, based on analysis of data sourced from international journals, books, and other electronic sources. The results conclude that the genocide that occurred against Bosnian Muslim ethnicity is one form of international crime while threatening international peace and security in the Balkan region, also intended to break the practice of impunity against international criminals who are a common enemy of humanity (hostis humans generis). These two considerations form the legal basis for the issuance of the UNSC Resolution on the Establishment of ICTY. The establishment of ICTY as an international court is intended as a court used to try perpetrators of genocidal crimes against Bosnian Muslim ethnicities, so that similar crimes will not be repeated in the future, both in Yugoslavia and in various other countries.
Exploring Two Types of Aggressive Behavioural Risk Factors among Illegal Motorcycle Street Racers in Malaysia
Authors: Hussin Zalmizy , Ahmad Siti Rohana
Published: June 2021

Illegal motorcycle street racing is a threat to civil society – it is a symbol of adolescents’ inner rebellion who channelled their unfulfilled desire through aggressive behaviour on the road, causing significant social and economic impact. Aggressive behaviours have been associated with prohibited substances intake, lack of religious knowledge, problematic family structures, and school failure. In this qualitative study, abductive strategies oriented to phenomenological approaches were employed to assess two types of aggressive behaviour risk factors, which were substance abuse and problematic family structures. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty people in Penang, Malaysia, who participated in illegal street racing, referred to as Mat Rempits. Their responses were analysed using the NVivo software version 12. The results demonstrate three subthemes to prohibited substances intake: to relieve stress, for personal enjoyment, and for racing purposes, whereby the drugs are taken before races for the riders to be more courageous, aggressive, and agile manoeuvring the motorcycles. Meanwhile, the risk factor of family problems includes divorced and conflicted parents, raised by violence, being neglected, and not being appreciated by the family. Most of the participants stated that growing up with violence caused a psychological impact on their soul, making them stubborn, rude, and aggressive. The results demonstrate the need for a specific intervention programme for the adolescent to reduce their involvement in illegal street racing and aggressive behaviour.
The Concept of Spontaneity and its Relationship with the Individual Characteristics of Personality
Authors: Trofimov Andrii , Karamushka Liudmyla , Andrushchenko Tetiana , Zelenin Vsevolod , Trofimova Daria
Published: June 2021

In this article, the authors consider the concept of spontaneity and the relationship of this characteristic with such individual personality characteristics as locus of control, autonomy, tolerance to uncertainty, creativity, self-regulation, flexibility in communication and spontaneity itself. The authors conduct an experiment that allows to trace this relationship. The research involved 205 people between the ages of 18 and 40, including 125 people living in Ukraine and 80 people living and studying abroad. The Ukrainian study group consisted of 82 women and 43 men. The group of foreign researchers consisted of 52 women and 28 men. To study the impact on the spontaneity of the sociocultural experience of the individual, representatives of other communities aged 18–39 were involved. The sample of foreign respondents was divided into 4 groups: countries in Europe, countries in Asia and Africa, CIS countries and other countries in the world 80 people in total. In the study, the authors conclude that spontaneity does not exist separately from other personality characteristics, is not an independent personal property that develops according to its own laws, but is closely connected with many important personality formations and structures, and in order to understand how these connections function, it is not enough to investigate spontaneity separately from other personality traits.
Researchers’ participation roles in video-based fieldwork
Authors: Katila Julia , Gan Yumei , Goico Sara , Goodwin Marjorie Harness
Published: June 2021

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Analyzing the researcher-participant in EMCA
Authors: Hofstetter Emily
Published: June 2021

Conversation analysis strives to use naturalistic data in its research, but the definition of “natural” is often unclear (Speer, 2002) and can be at odds with both ethnomethodological understandings of data (Lynch, 2002) and practices of data collection (e.g., Stevanovic et al., 2017; Goodwin, 2018). In this paper, I reconsider the concept of naturalness with respect to a particular data collection practice: When the researcher themselves is a participant in the recorded data. I argue that analysis may be guided by how the researcher-participant is treated by others in the data, and that researchers may be considered as any other participant if treated as making activity-adequate (rather than research-adequate) contributions. Furthermore, researcher presence can demonstrate unique adequacy and provides opportunities to experiment with situated practices that otherwise are atypical or hard to access. This version of “natural” respecifies naturalness as a members’ concern in recorded interaction.
Co-operative participation, social ecology, and ethics in video-based ethnography
Authors: Erickson Frederick
Published: June 2021

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Researcher participation, ethics, and cameras in the field
Authors: Cekaite Asta , Goodwin Marjorie Harness
Published: June 2021

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Participating researcher or researching participant?
Authors: Pehkonen Samu , Rauniomaa Mirka , Siitonen Pauliina
Published: June 2021

The article explores different participant positions that are available to researchers of social interaction during the collection of mobile video data. In the data presented, participants are engaged in outdoor activities that essentially involve some form and amount of mobility. The authors analyse the positions they have adopted in collecting data involving groups of mobile participants. The positions have varied depending on whether the activities allow, or even assume, researchers to draw on some specific participant knowledge. The article focuses on moments of adjustment during which the authors, as researchers collecting data, evidently make decisions about what to record and how to participate in the ongoing activity, and which thus reflect their spontaneous, negotiable and planned participation on site. As researchers of social interaction increasingly draw on data that involve mobility, it is pertinent to consider the possible positions that they may adopt and the practices that they employ in the collection and analysis of such data.
Deep-Sea Trace Fossils In The West Crocker Formation, Sabah (Malaysia), And Their Palaeoenvironmental Significance
Authors:   Malaysian Continental Shelf Project, National Security Council, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Madon Mazlan
Published: June 2021

In the “flysch” series of the West Crocker Formation (Eocene–Oligocene), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, trace fossils are fairly common although not ubiquitous. The trace fossils commonly occur as hypichnial semi- or full-reliefs on the sole of thin turbiditic sandstone beds (mainly Bouma Tc division) in the thinly bedded heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies interpreted as submarine fan lobe deposits. Their presence in mainly the thinly bedded facies of the fan system suggests preferential production and preservation in the fine-grained “distal” parts of the Crocker submarine fan system. Trace fossil assemblages characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies indicate sedimentary environments mainly in bathyal to abyssal water depths (>2000 m). This ichnofacies is dominated by horizontal grazing, farming and feeding traces, ranging from solitary to branching tubular burrows (Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus and Planolites) to meandering trails and tunnels (Nereites, Cosmorhaphe, Helminthopsis), as well as the spiriform burrows Spirophycus. Graphoglyptids are the most diagnostic of the Nereites ichnofacies, produced by sediment grazers and farmers (agrichnia) and often displaying intricate networks of mainly horizontal tunnels preserved as hypichnial semi-reliefs. They include the delicate spiral traces of Spirorhaphe, as well as the enigmatic hexagonal network burrow Paleodictyon. Other ichnogenera include Planolites, Thalassinoides and Ophiomorpha which are facies-crossing and not environment specific. Detailed observations of the trace fossil assemblages and the degree of bioturbation enabled different sub-ichnofacies of the Nereites ichnofacies to be distinguished. Ophiomorpha is more common in sandy “proximal” facies and tend to penetrate deeply into pre-existing turbidite beds, its presence suggests a well-oxygenated newly deposited turbidite substrate, probably in the axial region of the fan lobes. Hence, channel axis and proximal fan deposits tend to be dominated by the Ophiomorpha rudis sub-ichnofacies. The Paleodictyon sub-ichnofacies is more typical of the lower energy lobe/fan fringe subenvironments. Proximal but off-axis areas are characterized by a mixture of the Ophiomorpha rudis and Paleodictyon sub-ichnofacies.
The Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary At Guar Sanai, Kampung Guar Jentik, Perlis: An Updated Map And Stratigraphic Section
Authors:   Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Hassan Meor Hakif Amir
Published: June 2021

The Sanai Hill B outcrop, exposed at Kampung Guar Jentik, Beseri district, Perlis, exposes one of the best-preserved Devonian-Carboniferous boundary successions in Malaysia. A new geologic map for the locality is presented, which is based on better exposure of the outcrop due to active quarrying, and was constructed using a combination of aerial drone imagery, three-dimensional photogrammetry, Google Earth satellite imagery and traditional field methods. The sedimentary strata include the Silurian Mempelam Limestone, the Lower Devonian Timah Tasoh Formation, the Upper Devonian Sanai Limestone, the Lower Carboniferous Telaga Jatoh Formation and the Lower Carboniferous Chepor Member of the Kubang Pasu Formation. The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is marked by the contact between the Sanai Limestone and the Telaga Jatoh Formation. It shows an abrupt change from carbonate to siliceous (chert) deposition, with the contact represented by a paraconformity. This unconformity can be correlated to the Devonian-Carboniferous unconformity in the Kanthan Limestone of Perak. It can also be identified in many sections throughout the Western Belt, including in southern Thailand, Langkawi, Kedah, Perak and the Selangor-Kuala Lumpur area. The unconformity can be linked to a eustatic sea level fall at the end of the Devonian. N-S trending imbricate reverse faults and repeated sections have been interpreted as evidence for collisional tectonics associated with the Late Triassic Indosinian Orogeny. E-W trending normal faults mark a Tertiary extensional phase.
Overview Of Slope Stability, Earthquakes, Flash Floods And Expansive Soil Hazards In The Republic Of Yemen
Authors:   Geology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Selangor, Malaysia, Hasan Zaid Hussein Ahmed , Jamaluddin T.A. , Arifin Mohd Hariri
Published: June 2021

Yemen has harsh natural conditions that increase certain geological processes more than other regions, leading to a variety of geological hazards. Yemen’s typical topography is distinguished by coastal plains of the Red Sea and cliff foothillls, followed by mountains of the Arabian Shield. These types of geological hazards can be classified into slope stability, earthquakes, flash floods and expansive soils. The current literature review presents a description backed with examples of the certain geological hazards in Yemen. The obtained results indicate that further consideration and thought are highly required for semi-arid regions. National and foreign organizations have to collaborate together with other individuals to maintain the adjusted environmental system and reduce the potential geological hazards. Therefore, mitigation measures should be implemented to avoid and minimize these geological hazards.
Geological, Biological, Cultural And Local Wisdom Heritage A Key Element Of Mersing Geopark Development
Authors:   Pusat Geokejuruteraan Tropika (GEOTROPIK), Aras 2 Blok D03, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Said Mohd Zulhafiz , Komoo Ibrahim ,   Pusat Penyelidikan Langkawi (PPL), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kampus Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah, Jalan Teluk Yu, Teluk Burau, 07100 Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia, Mohamad Edy Tonnizam , Ali Ali , Ahmad Norhayati , Abd. Wahid Mohd. Effendy ,   Fakulti Perikanan dan Sains Makanan, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Rajimin Mohd Fauzi ,   Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Malaysia (Johor), Tingkat 9, Menara Tabung Haji,  Jalan Ayer Molek, 80000 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Published: June 2021

The district of Mersing is bestowed with many national and international geological heritage sites dated since 350 million years ago. The high biodiversity and uniqueness of the local culture complements the geoheritage of the area. Thus, the National Geopark Committee has chosen Mersing as a territory to be developed as a geopark. Mersing Geopark development efforts were initiated in 2017 through the Mersing Geopark Scientific and Development Committee. The entire Mersing district of 6,371 square kilometers, including the marine areas right up to the Aur Archipelago is identified as the geopark area. The geoheritage here has been identified as 22 geosites, which cover land and island areas. Important flora and fauna have also been identified as being within the protected areas. The unique and preserved traditions of life, art and culture add to the value of this geopark. Several key elements were introduced to prepare Mersing Geopark before being evaluated as a national geopark candidate in December 2018, namely governance of the geopark - management based on ‘co-management’ mechanism, nature conservation – community, community economy through geotourism activities, and public education. Many programmes and activities have been carried out to face future plans for Mersing to become a UNESCO Global Geopark. Geopark enhances natural and cultural heritage resources through integrated development, geotourism development to increase income, preservation of heritage sites and empowerment of local communities to foster a strong sense of pride and belonging to a place.
Acoustic And Geochemical Evidences Of Shallow Gas Distribution Offshore Waropen Basin, Papua, Indonesia
Authors:   Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia, Jl. DR. Junjunan 236, Bandung-40174, Indonesia, Firdaus Yulinar , Albab Ali , Subarsyah Subarsyah , Kusnida Dida , Rahardiawan Riza , Setiadi Imam , Zulivandama Shaska R. , Nainggolan Tumpal B. , Nurdin Nazar
Published: June 2021

Sub-Bottom Profiling (SBP) records and results of geochemical analysis of 12 surficial sediment cores from various water depths collected from the offshore Waropen Basin-Papua are presented. Presence of gas is clearly observed on sub-bottom profiler records. Shallow gas was identified through acoustic response due to gas accumulation and gas escape on sub-bottom profiles. Acoustic evidences of gas accumulations within near surface geology consist of high amplitude reflections and associated acoustic blanking, gas plumes and morphological features like pockmarks. Total organic carbon analysis of 12 surface sediment cores varies between 0.5% to 1.3% which indicate that the sediments have an abundance of organic matters. Gas chromatographic analysis of hydrocarbon composition detected only methane, a biogenic origin of shallow gas. Acoustic and geochemical evidence in the Waropen Basin indicates extensive shallow gas accumulations in the Late Quaternary sediments, some trapped within these deposits and some escape from seabed into the water column which then created a high distribution of pockmarks.
Organic Geochemistry Of The Middle To Upper Jurassic Source Rocks Succession In Balad-1 Well, Balad Oil Field, Central Iraq
Authors:   Technical College of Kirkuk, North Technical University, Iraq, Albeyati Fawzi M.O. , Abdula Rzger A. ,   Department of Petroleum Geoscience, Soran University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Othman Rushdy S.
Published: June 2021

Thirty four cuttings samples from the Jurassic rock succession in well Balad-1 in the Balad Oil Field, Central Iraq have been collected. Using various organic geochemical techniques, the organic matter’s quantity, quality, maturity, and their source rock’s depositional setting were determined. The samples were evaluated to determine the amount of their organic matter content, type of organic matter, δ13C carbon isotopes abundance for both saturated and aromatic, and molecular properties. The results of organic geochemistry analysis show that Sargelu, Gotnia, and Chia Gara formations contain fair to decent amounts of organic matter. Naokelekan Formation encompasses fair to excellent organic matter, while Najmah Formation comprises very high to exceptional organic matter. The analyzed samples revealed the existence of kerogen types III and II/III mainly within oil window. Thermal maturity related biomarkers are in a good agreement with Rock-Eval parameters, but did not reach equilibrium phase. Source related biomarkers show that these rock units rich in organic matter were mainly deposited in an anoxic marine depositional setting which consists of carbonate influenced by terrestrial input.
Geothermal Gradient And Heat Flow Maps Of Offshore Malaysia: Some Updates And Observations
Authors:   Malaysian Continental Shelf Project, National Security Council, Malaysia, Madon Mazlan , Jong John ,   JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration (Malaysia) Limited, Malaysia
Published: June 2021

An update of the geothermal gradient and heat flow maps for offshore Malaysia based on oil and gas industry data is long overdue. In this article we present an update based on available data and information compiled from PETRONAS and operator archives. More than 600 new datapoints calculated from bottom-hole temperature (BHT) data from oil and gas wells were added to the compilation, along with 165 datapoints from heat flow probe measurements at the seabed in the deep-water areas off Sarawak and Sabah. The heat flow probe surveys also provided direct measurements of seabed sediment thermal conductivity. For the calculation of heat flows from the BHT-based temperature gradients, empirical relationships between sediment thermal conductivity and burial depth were derived from thermal conductivity measurements of core samples in oil/gas wells (in the Malay Basin) and from ODP and IODP drillholes (as analogues for Sarawak and Sabah basins). The results of this study further enhanced our insights into the similarities and differences between the various basins and their relationships to tectonic settings. The Malay Basin has relatively high geothermal gradients (average ~47 °C/km). Higher gradients in the basin centre are attributed to crustal thinning due to extension. The Sarawak Basin has similar above-average geothermal gradients (~45 °C/km), whereas the Baram Delta area and the Sabah Shelf have considerably lower gradients (~29 to ~34 °C/km). These differences are attributed to the underlying tectonic settings; the Sarawak Shelf, like the Malay Basin, is underlain by an extensional terrane, whereas the Sabah Basin and Baram Delta east of the West Baram Line are underlain by a former collisional margin (between Dangerous Grounds rifted terrane and Sabah). The deep-water areas off Sarawak and Sabah (North Luconia and Sabah Platform) show relatively high geothermal gradients overall, averaging 80 °C/km in North Luconia and 87 °C/km in the Sabah Platform. The higher heat flows in the deep-water areas are consistent with the region being underlain by extended continental terrane of the South China Sea margin. From the thermal conductivity models established in this study, the average heat flows are: Malay Basin (92 mW/m2), Sarawak Shelf (95 mW/m2) and Sabah Shelf (79 mW/m2). In addition, the average heat flows for the deep-water areas are as follows: Sabah deep-water fold-thrust belt (66 mW/m2), Sabah Trough (42 mW/m2), Sabah Platform (63 mW/m2) and North Luconia (60 mW/m2).
Comparison Of Isotope And Hydrochemical Characteristics Of Springs In Sembalun – Rinjani Area, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Before And After The Earthquake Events In 2018
Authors:   Center for Isotopes and Radiation Application, Jakarta, Indonesia, Satrio Satrio , Prasetio Rasi , Syah Alam B. Yoseph C.S.S. , Hadian M. Sapari D. ,   Faculty of Geological Engineering, Padjajaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, Hendarmawan Hendarmawan
Published: June 2021

The current 2019 isotope and hydrochemical study of hot and cold springs in Sembalun - Rinjani area is a re-assessment of previous similar study in 2012. The aim of this study is to assess the isotope and hydrochemical characteristics of springs due to the earthquake events in 2018. After the earthquake events in 2018, the stable isotopes δ18O and δ2H composition of Sebau hot spring and most of cold springs is shifted into more depleted values which may indicate water-rock interaction or interaction with cold waters which has more depleted δ18O and δ2H values. Also, Sebau hot spring is still plotted at mixing line of meteoric and andesitic water, but still dominant meteoric water. The hydrochemical data of all cold springs and Orok river show the enrichment of Na, probably from silicates weathering or the cation exhchange. While hydrochemical composition of Sebau hot spring is significantly decreased, except SO4, probably due to dilution with cold waters before the thermal water reach the surface. The Piper diagram showed that cold springs and Orok river are Ca-Mg-HCO3 type before and after the earthquake events. While Sebau hot spring is shifted from Ca-Cl type into mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type after the earthquake events. The temperature of Sebau hot spring slightly decreased from 35.5 °C to 34.8 °C after the earthquake events, while Na/K geothermometer calculation also indicate decreasing of sub-surface temperature, i.e. from 146–165 °C to 130–150 °C.
Groundwater Flow Model In The Center Of West Progo Dome, Kaligesing, Purworejo, Central Java And Its Surrounding Area, Based On Hydrochemical And Isotopic Characteristics
Authors:   Department of Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta, Babarsari, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia, R.A. T. Listyani , Sulaksana Nana ,   Faculty of Geological Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia, C.S.S.S.A. Boy Yoseph , Sudradjat Adjat
Published: June 2021

Groundwater studies were carried out in the center of the West Progo Dome, at Kaligesing, Purworejo District, Central Java, and its surrounding area, with an emphasis on hydrochemical problems. As a water-scarce area, groundwater studies are urgently needed in this area. This research is intended as a hydrogeological study with the aim of knowing the conceptual groundwater flow model in the study area. The method used is a field hydrogeological survey as well as hydrochemical and natural isotope analysis supported by chemical and groundwater isotope data. Less clear hydrochemical evolution indicates that the process of groundwater flow is dominant in the local flow system. Groundwater facies is dominated by bicarbonate type, neutral pH, relatively low total dissolved solid (TDS), and electric conductivity (EC), and influenced by season or rainfall. The dominant hydrochemical processes in the groundwater system are leaching, ion exchange, sulfate reduction, and dilution. Groundwater facies is determined by the rock minerals marked by differences in hardness and TDS. Whereas, stable isotope contents of groundwater vary from light to heavy. Springs with light isotopes show the circulation of deep groundwater flow or from a relatively high recharge zone, either locally or from other places around it. Isotopic enrichment in all seasons can occur due to evaporation or mixing with surface water that has undergone previous evapotranspiration, indicated by increasing of heavy isotopes or δD-excess (d) of groundwater. There are two types of groundwater flow patterns, namely shallow and deep groundwater flow patterns. Shallow groundwater is characterized by heavy isotopes, shifted with relatively small d. Deep groundwater circulation pattern is characterized by a consistent, light δD value and appreciable d.
СОЦИЈАЛНОГЕОГРАФСКЕ ПОСЉЕДИЦЕ ПРОМЈЕНА У СТРУКТУРИ ПРИВРЕДЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Мандић Мира , Делић Драгица
Published: June 2021

У раду се анализирају социјалногеографске посљедице у геопростору Републике Српске (РС) изазване промјенама структуре привреде у условима транзиције друштвеног система. У фокусу рада је укупност географске стварности (геокомлекси, ресурси, структура привреде, демографска кретања, урбани и инфраструктурни системи). Компаративном анализом утврђују се промјене у структури привреде геопростора РС у периоду 1990−2019. годи- не и њихова узрочно-посљедична рефлексија на физичкогеографске и социјалногеографске структуре простора и друштва. Валоризација укупних потенцијала геопростора, управљање развојним могућностима те покретање при- вредних активности детерминисани су перцепцијом простора и просторно-функционалном организацијом, који се суштински мијењају у транзиционим друштвеним односима умањујући развојну перспективу. Простор РС диферен- цира се на више и мање просперитетна и проблемска подручја. У раду се сугеришу приступи вредновању капаци- тета појединих геосистема и њихових структура (хидросистеми, шумски системи, агросистеми, насеобински, итд.) и поступци у просторно-функционалном организовању. Рад има теоријски и практични значај кроз аргументовање развојних могућности и развојних ефеката произашлих из различитих приступа вредновању геопростора и сагледа- вања могућности интегрисања у савремене развојне процесе и потребе модерног друштва.
MANAGING BANKING INDUSTRY CHANGES UNDER THE COVID 19 PANDEMIA
Authors: Zelenović Vera , Vitomir Jelena
Published: June 2021

The success of a change is valorized by a new state, and whether it will occur depends on several influential factors: environment, management, knowledge, the will to change, resistance to change, entrepreneurial spirit, motivation, risk. Managing change and making the right decisions is much easier when the path ahead of the manager is known. In contingencies, such as the global pandemic, Covid 19, banks' readiness to respond to challenges and manage change that threatens to overcome them is evident, which is the subject of this research. The aim of the research is to show the importance of banks in the course of starting to reorganize themselves and manage changes in a way that will enable them to survive in the market. For those banks that were not ready for changes, new business opportunities and customer satisfaction were lost, and employees were inefficient.