bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINC00641/miR-582-5p mediate oxaliplatin resistance by activating autophagy in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Su Yani , Lei Xia , Zhao Hong , Wang Lelin , Xu Tian , Guo Jing , Yang Weiwei , Zhang Xiaozhi
Published: September 2020

The poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma is partly due to chemotherapy failure, especially the oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the specific mechanism of oxaliplatin resistance is unclear. We aim to find the roles that LINC00641 and miR-582-5p play in regulating oxaliplatin resistance. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of LINC00641 and microRNA-582-5p (miR-582-5p) in gastric cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Transwell and CCK-8 assays were performed; and LC3 I/II and p62 were detected by western blot to evaluate the activation of autophagy. LINC00641 expression was associated with prognosis and oxaliplatin resistance in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of LINC00641 was higher in gastric cancer tissues; whereas miR-582-5p was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, LINC00641 was highly expressed in oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines and miR-582-5p was down-regulated. In addition, LINC00641 negatively regulated the expression of miR-582-5p. With regard to biological functions, down-regulation of LINC00641 suppressed cell migration and proliferation. Further experiments indicated that down-regulation of LINC00641 inhibited the autophagy process, making gastric cancer cells more sensitive to oxaliplatin. LINC00641 and miR-582-5p are biomarkers for predicting overall survival, as they were involved in regulating oxaliplatin resistance by altering autophagy in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Characterization of semi-arid Chadian sweet sorghum accessions as potential sources for sugar and ethanol production
Authors: Naoura Gapili , Emendack Yves , Baloua Nébié , vom Brocke Kirsten , Hassan Mahamat Alhabib , Sawadogo Nerbewende , Doyam Nodjasse Amos , Djinodji Reoungal , Trouche Gilles , Echevarria Laza Haydee
Published: September 2020

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important crop in Chad that plays an economic role in the countryside were stalks are produced mainly for human consumption without any processing. Unfortunately, very little information exists on its genetic diversity and brix content. Studies performed in 2014 and 2015 showed that there were significant variations (p < 0.001) for all assessed quantitative traits. Potential grain yield (0.12–1.67 t ha−1), days to 50% flowering (68.3–126.3 days), and plant height (128.9–298.3 cm) were among traits that exhibited broader variability. Brix content range from 5.5 to 16.7% across accessions, was positively correlated to stalk diameter and plant height, but negatively correlated to moisture content in fresh stalk and potential grain yield. Fresh stalk yield range from 16.8 to 115.7 Mg ha−1, with a mean value of 58.3 Mg ha−1 across accession. Moisture content in fresh stalk range from 33.7 to 74.4% but was negatively correlated to fresh stalk yield. Potential sugar yield range from 0.5 to 5.3 Mg ha−1 across accession with an average of 2.2 Mg ha−1. Theoretical ethanol yield range from 279.5 to 3,101.2 L ha−1 across accession with an average of 1,266.3 L ha−1 which is significantly higher than values reported under similar semiarid conditions. Overall, grain yields were comparatively low. However, two accessions had grain yield of more than 1.5 t ha−1; which is greater than the average 1.0 t ha−1 for local grain sorghum varieties in Chad. These could have multi-purpose uses; grains, sugar and bioenergy production.
Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number and built environment in Mexican Americans: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Hua , Shen Jie , Leung Evan , Zhang Xueying , Chow Wong‐Ho , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2020

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in leukocytes has been regarded as a biomarker for various environmental exposures and chronic diseases. Our previous study showed that certain demographic factors (e.g. age, gender, BMI, etc.) significantly affect levels of leukocyte mtDNA copy number in Mexican Americans. However, the effect of the built environment on leukocyte mtDNA copy number has not been studied previously. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between multiple components of the built environment with leukocyte mtDNA copy number among 5,502 Mexican American adults enrolled in Mano-A-Mano, the Mexican American Cohort Study (MACS). Based on the median levels of mtDNA copy number, the study population was stratified into low mtDNA copy number group (< median) and high mtDNA copy number group (≥ median). Among all built environment exposure variables, household density and road/intersection ratio were found to be statistically significant between groups with low and high mtDNA copy number (P < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, individuals living in areas with elevated levels of household density had 1.24-fold increased odds of having high levels of mtDNA copy number [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CIs) 1.08, 1.36]. Similarly, those living in areas with elevated levels of road/intersection ratio had 1.12-fold increased odds of having high levels of mtDNA copy number (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01, 1.27). In further analysis, when both variables were analyzed together in a multivariate logistic regression model, the significant associations remained. In summary, our results suggest that selected built environment variables (e.g. population density and road/intersection ratio) may influence levels of mtDNA copy number in leukocytes in Mexican Americans.
Iodinated polymer nanoparticles as contrast agent for spectral photon counting computed tomography
Authors: Balegamire Joëlle , Vandamme Marc , Chereul Emmanuel , Si-Mohamed Salim , Azzouz Maache Samira , Almouazen Eyad , Ettouati Laurent , Fessi Hatem , Boussel Loïc , Douek Philippe , Chevalier Yves
Published: September 2020

Suspensions of iodinated polymer nanoparticles are evaluated as contrast agent for Computed Tomography (CT) and Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography (SPCCT).
The unique potency of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in situ cancer vaccine
Authors: Shukla Sourabh , Wang Chao , Beiss Veronique , Cai Hui , Washington Torus , Murray Abner A. , Gong Xingjian , Zhao Zhongchao , Masarapu Hema , Zlotnick Adam , Fiering Steven , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: September 2020

Plant viral nanoparticle CPMV outperforms other icosahedral viruses as an in situ vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
Low-gap zinc porphyrin as an efficient dopant for photomultiplication type photodetectors
Authors: Mone Mariza , Yang Kaixuan , Murto Petri , Zhang Fujun , Wang Ergang
Published: September 2020

A porphyrin molecule, Por4IC, facilitates a photomultiplication effect in blend with P3HT, giving rise to a high external quantum efficiency of 22 182% and a specific detectivity of 4.4 × 1012Jones at 355 nm and at −15 V bias.
A rapid screening method for thermal conductivity properties of thermal insulation materials by a thermochemiluminescence probe
Authors: Teng Xu , Jin Mingzhe , Ding Caifeng , Lu Chao
Published: September 2020

A thermochemiluminescence (TCL) probe for temperature sensing could be applied to screen thermal conductivity properties of different thermal insulation materials.
Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of arylindolyl indolin-3-ones with both axial and central chirality
Authors: Yuan Xi , Wu Xudong , Peng Fei , Yang Haijun , Zhu Changjin , Fu Hua
Published: September 2020

An efficient method for chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of arylindolyl indolin-3-ones with both axial and central chirality has been developed via the reaction of 3-arylindoles with 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones.
Selective photoredox decarboxylation of α-ketoacids to allylic ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds dependent on cobaloxime catalysis
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xiao Qian , Qi Xu-Kuan , Gao Xue-Wang , Tong Qing-Xiao , Zhong Jian-Ji
Published: September 2020

The selective synthesis of allylic ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds by photoredox/cobaloxime co-catalysis and photoredox catalysis, respectively, is described herein.
Construction of benzothiophene fused pyrrolidone in water via a catalyst-free process and a mechanism study
Authors: Shen Jinhui , Yu Aimin , Zhang Lei , Meng Xiangtai
Published: September 2020

A novel three-component domino reaction towards benzothiophene fused pyrrolidone derivatives was developed in an environmentally benign manner.
Recombination junctions for efficient monolithic perovskite-based tandem solar cells: physical principles, properties, processing and prospects
Authors: De Bastiani Michele , Subbiah Anand S. , Aydin Erkan , Isikgor Furkan H. , Allen Thomas G. , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: September 2020

Here, we review the physics and the technology of the recombination junction in perovskite-based tandem solar cells, with a summary of the most successful works.
Modified PAMAM dendrimers as a matrix for the photostabilization of curcumin
Authors: Dodangeh Mohammad , Grabchev Ivo , Gharanjig Kamaladin , Staneva Desislava , Tang Ren-Cheng , Sheridan Matthew
Published: September 2020

Six recently synthesised PAMAM dendrimers from zero, first and second generations curcumin and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone have been investigated in water/dioxane (4 : 1) (v/v) solution by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in order to determine their photostability.
Alginate beads containing layered double hydroxide intercalated with borate: a potential slow-release boron fertilizer for application in sandy soils
Authors: de Castro Gustavo Franco , Zotarelli Lincoln , Mattiello Edson Marcio , Tronto Jairo
Published: September 2020

Alginate beads containing layered double hydroxide intercalated with borate: a new fertilizer to reduce boron leaching and increase plant uptake.
Au3-to-Ag3coordinate-covalent bonding and other supramolecular interactions with covalent bonding strength
Authors: Lu Zhou , Chilukuri Bhaskar , Yang Chi , Rawashdeh Abdel-Monem M. , Arvapally Ravi K. , Tekarli Sammer M. , Wang Xiaoping , Cardenas Christian T. , Cundari Thomas R. , Omary Mohammad A.
Published: September 2020

A stacked Ag3–Au3bonded (66 kcal mol−1) complex obtained crystallographically exhibits charge-transfer characteristics arising from multiple cooperative supramolecular interactions.
Solvent-controlled E/Z isomerization vs. [2 + 2] photocycloaddition mediated by supramolecular polymerization
Authors: Dünnebacke Torsten , Kartha Kalathil K. , Wahl Johannes M. , Albuquerque Rodrigo Q. , Fernández Gustavo
Published: September 2020

Controlled supramolecular polymerization is used to switch the photoresponsive behaviour of cyanostilbenes from a reversible E/Z photoisomerization in organic solvents to a highly efficient and selective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition in aqueous media.
The journey of a single polymer chain to a nanopore
Authors: Afrasiabian Navid , Denniston Colin
Published: September 2020

Competition between elastic and hydrodynamic forces on a polymer travelling to a nanopore results in chain extension and unravelling of the folded conformations on the approach.
Self-assembly and mesophase formation in a non-ionic chromonic liquid crystal: insights from bottom-up and top-down coarse-grained simulation models
Authors: Potter Thomas D. , Walker Martin , Wilson Mark R.
Published: September 2020

New coarse-grained models are introduced for a non-ionic chromonic molecule, TP6EO2M, in aqueous solution.
Nonlinear, dissipative phenomena in whole blood clot mechanics
Authors: Sugerman Gabriella P. , Parekh Sapun H. , Rausch Manuel K.
Published: September 2020

We use uniaxial testing to quantify nonlinear, dissipative mechanisms in whole blood clot mechanics.
Emodin protects against intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury by modulating SP-A and TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Qian Jingli , Li Guoping , Jin Xiaosheng , Ma Chunfang , Cai Wanru , Jiang Na , Zheng Jisheng
Published: September 2020

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effect of emodin on intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury in rats and explore potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Healthy male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10, each group): normal group; saline group; acute intestinal injury model group; model + emodin group; model+NF-κB inhibitor pynolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group. Histopathological changes in intestine/lung tissues were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Serum IKBα, p-IKBα, surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of IKBα, SP-A and TLR4 in intestine/lung tissues. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of IKBα, p-IKBα, SP-A and TLR4 were detected by Western blot.

Results: The pathological injury of intestinal/lung tissues was remarkedly ameliorated in models treated with emodin and PDTC. Furthermore, the intestinal/lung injury scores were significantly decreased after emodin or PDTC treatment. TUNEL results showed that both emodin and PDTC treatment distinctly attenuated the apoptosis of intestine/lung tissues induced by acute intestinal injury. At the mRNA level, emodin significantly increased the expression levels of SP-A and decreased the expression levels of IKBα and TLR4 in intestine/lung tissues. According to ELISA and Western blot, emodin remarkedly inhibited the expression of p-IKBα protein and elevated the expression of SP-A and TLR4 in serum and intestine/lung tissues induced by acute intestinal injury.

Conclusion: Our findings suggested that emodin could protect against intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury by modulating SP-A and TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
The tryptophan biosynthetic pathway is essential forMycobacterium tuberculosisto cause disease
Authors: Lott J. Shaun
Published: September 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is the most significant cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis represent a threat to effective treatment, and the long duration, toxicity and complexity of current chemotherapy for antibiotic-resistant disease presents a need for new therapeutic approaches with novel modes of action. M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that must survive phagocytosis by macrophages, dendritic cells or neutrophils to establish an infection. The tryptophan biosynthetic pathway is required for bacterial survival in the phagosome, presenting a target for new classes of antitubercular compound. The enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps that produce tryptophan from chorismate have all been characterised in M. tuberculosis, and inhibitors have been described for some of the steps. The innate immune system depletes cellular tryptophan in response to infection in order to inhibit microbial growth, and this effect is likely to be important for the efficacy of tryptophan biosynthesis inhibitors as new antibiotics. Allosteric inhibitors of both the first and final enzymes in the pathway have proven effective, including by a metabolite produced by the gut biota, raising the intriguing possibility that the modulation of tryptophan biosynthesis may be a natural inter-bacterial competition strategy.
Constrained robust model predictive control embedded with a new data‐driven technique
Authors: Yang L. , Lu J. , Xu Y. , Li D. , Xi Y.
Published: September 2020

In the control field, the adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) has the capability of taking effective control actions on unknown‐but‐bounded time‐independent or slowly time‐varying systems coupling with constraints. In essence, AMPC estimates the uncertain parameters or uncertainty set online by utilising historian data to extract model information. The model estimation procedure imposes some specific conditions on data and these extra conditions have restricted its practical use. To overcome these problems, a new data‐driven control methodology is presented that integrates the data‐driven concept into robust model predictive control (RMPC) architecture for unknown‐but‐bounded time‐independent or slowly time‐varying plant. The key novelty is to employ historian data to derive control policy and make a prediction in replacement with the complicated procedure of utilising data to estimate model parameters. A data‐driven RMPC algorithm is developed within the robust model predictive control framework with the fulfilment of recursive feasibility and stability. The authors display the highlights of the data‐driven model predictive control controller through two simulation examples. The resulting controller is verified to reduce conservativeness and increase the closed‐loop performance of the system.
Convection dans les planètes « molles » : du laboratoire à Vénus
Authors: Davaille Anne , Di Giuseppe Erika , Mittelstaedt Eric , Smrekar Suzanne
Published: September 2020

Dans les manteaux des planètes rocheuses et dans les dispersions colloïdales, une variation de température ou de composition peut induire des variations de densité, la gélification de leur microstructure et une modification drastique de leur viscosité. Mouvements de convection et formation d’une peau faiblement déformable en surface peuvent donc coexister.

L’étude de la convection dans les dispersions colloïdales peut fournir des informations précieuses sur la physique des planètes. Ainsi, nous avons montré que les panaches thermiques sont importants pour casser la peau de surface et induire la subduction de celle-ci, un phénomène qui pourrait être actif sur Vénus aujourd’hui.
Comment un jeune chercheur italien devient-il auto-entrepreneur en France ?
Authors: Somaschi Niccolo , Leduc Michèle
Published: September 2020

Entretien de Michèle Leduc avec Niccolo Somaschi, président de la start-up Quandela, basée à Palaiseau (Essonne).
Virtual Reality als Baustein in der Behandlung akuter und chronischer Schmerzen
Authors: Lindner Stefan , Latoschik Marc-Erich , Rittner Heike
Published: September 2020

Schmerzbehandlung zählt zu den täglichen Routinen klinischer Anästhesisten. Im Rahmen eines wohlüberlegten Einsatzes von Schmerzmedikamenten sind Alternativen zur medikamentösen Schmerztherapie notwendig. Virtual Reality (VR) konnte sich in den letzten Jahren durch immer kostengünstigere und bessere Technologien als realistische Ergänzung etablieren. Möglichkeiten der VR sowie Indikationen und Kontraindikationen werden aufgezeigt.
Methods of Synthesis of Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Chloroquine: Four Small Molecules Repurposed for Clinical Trials during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al Bujuq Nader
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease has rapidly evolved into a sweeping pandemic despite public health measures. Screening and development of new vaccines and antivirals are expensive and time consuming. However, the repositioning of available drugs is an essential and universal strategy in the development of new drugs and therefore should receive priority attention as well as international government and agency support. Significant drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir and remdesivir, are currently undergoing clinical studies to test their efficacy and safety. Some promising results have been achieved thus far in the treatment of COVID-19. In this article we summarize and discuss the most common synthetic strategies to apply in the preparation of these drug molecules. It is hoped that this compendium will provide an accessible useful guide and reference source for scientists, researchers and academia in their battle against COVD-19.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)

2.1 Synthesis of 4,7-Dichloroquinoline 1

2.2 Synthesis of 2-Amino-5-(diethylamino)pentane (Novoldiamine) 2

2.3 Synthesis of 5-(N-Ethyl-N-2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-pentylamine 4

2.4 Developed Methods for Synthesis of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

2.5 Synthesis of (R)-Chloroquine, (S)-Chloroquine, (R)-Hydroxychloroquine and (S)-Hydroxychloroquine

3 Synthesis of Favipiravir (Avigan)

4 Synthesis of Remdesivir

5 Conclusion
Analysis of Color and Hardness of a Medical Silicone with Extrinsic Pigmentation after Accelerated Aging
Authors: dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Borgui Paulini Marcela , Silva Faria Tamires Gabrielle , de Moraes Melo Neto Clovis Lamartine , Freitas da Silva Emily Vivianne , de Caxias Fernanda Pereira , Bertoz André Pinheiro de Magalhães , Coelho Goiato Marcelo
Published: September 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the color alteration and shore A hardness of a medical silicone with extrinsic pigmentation, before and after accelerated aging.

Materials and Methods Twenty samples (Silastic Q7–4735) were made with an intrinsic pigmentation. This intrinsic pigmentation was composed of a pink pigment (H-109-P, Factor II) and an opacifier (ZnO). All samples had standardized dimensions (45-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness). Half of the 20 samples manufactured subsequently received an extrinsic pigment (Tan FE–215, Factor II). Therefore, two groups were created (n = 10): Group 1, group with intrinsic pigmentation and without extrinsic pigmentation (control) and Group 2, group with intrinsic and extrinsic pigmentation. Samples were submitted to color and Shore A hardness tests, before and after 1,008 hours of aging.

Statistical Analysis Color alteration data were submitted to Student’s t-test (α = 0.05). Shore A hardness data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05).

Results The incorporation of the extrinsic pigment on the silicone did not affect its color (ΔE) when the two groups were compared (p = 0.232). Regarding the hardness test, the interaction between group and period did not interfere with the hardness results(p=0.599). However, the period factor showed that there was a reduction in the hardness of the silicone after aging (p < 0.05).

Conclusion In this study, all the hardness and color results of the silicone used were clinically acceptable, regardless of the presence of extrinsic pigmentation.
Partial Status Epilepticus with Paradoxical Protein-Cytologic Dissociation in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Singh Neeraj , Lansing John J. , Polavarapu Aparna
Published: September 2020

Status epilepticus is associated with high morbidity and mortality, often requiring multiple drug interventions and intensive care monitoring. Etiology of status epilepticus plays a crucial role in the treatment, natural course and outcome of the patient, prompting extensive testing and imaging. For example, an important risk for status epilepticus in adults and children is the presence of an underlying viral or bacterial central nervous system infection, appropriate treatment of which can improve the outcome of the patient. We present three cases of new-onset refractory status epilepticus in women who did not have evidence of a central nervous system infection and had significantly elevated leukocytes compared to protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. This finding suggests an autoimmune etiology; however, standard autoimmune testing was unremarkable in all cases. This case series highlights the variability in presentation and clinical course in patients presenting with status epilepticus of unknown cause, and we discuss the importance of further research into appropriate and reliable diagnostic evaluations.
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lakhan Ram , Agrawal Amit , Sharma Manoj
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has greatly affected human lives across the world. Uncertainty and quarantine have been affecting people’s mental health. Estimations of mental health problems are needed immediately for the better planning and management of these concerns at a global level. A rapid scoping review was conducted to get the estimation of mental health problems in the COVID-19 pandemic during the first 7 months. Peer-reviewed, data-based journal articles published in the English language were searched in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar electronic databases from December 2019 to June 2020. Papers that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and discussed in this review. A total of 16 studies were included. Eleven studies were from China, two from India, and one from Spain, Italy, and Iran. Prevalence of all forms of depression was 20%, anxiety 35%, and stress 53% in the combined study population of 113,285 individuals. The prevalence rate of all forms of depression, anxiety, stress, sleep problems, and psychological distress in general population was found to be higher during COVID-19 pandemic.
Length of Neuromuscular Re-education Therapy and Growth Parameters in Premature Infants
Authors: Leone Mariana , Alsofrom Jessica , Kane Megan , Laryea Sarah , Abdelatif Dinan , Mohamed Mohamed A.
Published: September 2020

Objective Neuromuscular re-education (NMRE) therapy including bracing, containment, facilitation techniques, joint compression, weight (WT) bearing, and myofascial release has been shown to improve neurodevelopmental maturation in premature infants. This study aimed to examine the association of NMRE with growth parameters including WT and length (L) at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and at discharge.

Study Design We analyzed data of infants <34 weeks gestational age (GA) or <1,800 g birth weight (BW) to examine the association of NMRE with growth parameters using correlation coefficient analysis. The effect of potential confounders was examined using multilinear regression models.

Results Study includes 253 premature infants. Average GA was 300/7 weeks (±23/7) and BW was 1,315 g (±416), 49.8% were females and 65% were African Americans. NMRE has inverse correlation with WT at birth and at 36 weeks PMA, −0.66 (<0.001) and −0.21 (<0.001), respectively, but not at the time of discharge. NMRE has direct correlation with change in WT from birth to 36 weeks PMA and time of discharge, 0.50 (<0.001) and 0.62 (<0.001), respectively, and from the time of starting therapy to 36 weeks PMA or discharge, 0.25 (<0.001) and 0.51 (<0.001), respectively. There was no negative correlation between NMRE with daily WT gain from birth to 36 weeks PMA or to discharge, −0.05 (0.43) and −0.07 (0.23), respectively, or from the time of starting therapy to 36 weeks PMA, −0.09 (0.14). There was an inverse correlation between NMRE with average WT gain per day from the time of starting therapy to discharge, −0.26 (<0.001), Similar findings were found examining the correlation between NMRE and changes in L. Multilinear regression analysis examining the relationship while controlling for GA, BW, sex, and race; socioeconomic variables; and concurrent massage therapy and sensory integration revealed similar results.

Conclusion NMRE, aimed to enhance neurodevelopmental outcomes of premature infants, may not have a negative impact on their physical growth.

Key Points
Bedside Rounds in Intensive Care Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Custer Jason W. , Simone Shari , Bhutta Adnan T.
Published: September 2020

A survey-based pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of videoconferencing to facilitate multidisciplinary rounds following the initiation of strict isolation and social distancing policies in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The use of a mobile workstation was implemented as the central hub for rounding at the bedside by the attending physicians, while other members of the multidisciplinary and multispecialty team joined rounds from other locations with maintaining appropriate social distance. Fifty-eight staff members who participated in videoconferencing rounds completed the postimplementation survey. Eighty-eight per cent of staff agreed that the use of videoconferencing to facilitate rounds was an effective strategy to maintain social distancing between team members during the pandemic. Sixty-four percent of staff agreed that the use of videoconferencing improved participation of the PICU team and consultants by increasing access to rounds. Over 50% of staff agreed that the use of videoconferencing improved the efficiency of rounds and team productivity. Only 4% of staff responded that videoconferencing increased the duration of rounds and 37% responded that it decreased resident and team education. Fifty-five percent of staff agreed that videoconferencing was used to promote parental participation during this pandemic month. Videoconferencing was found to be a feasible solution to safely conduct multidisciplinary rounds while maintaining social distancing, and participants found it effective without interfering with normal workflow. Incorporating videoconferencing into traditional rounding practices may be advantageous following the pandemic to improve team and family access to rounds and workflow efficiency and rounding structure.
Factors Influencing Prescribers' Decision for Extending Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in the Medical Patient Population following Hospitalization
Authors: Ebied Alex M. , Jessee Jeremiah , Chen Yiqing , Konopack Jason , Radhakrishnan Nila , DeRemer Christina E.
Published: September 2020

Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis during hospitalization has clearly defined metrics for risk stratification and practice policy employed to ensure processes of adherence. However, acceptance for practice or even the level and timeline of risk is less clear during the immediate time after hospitalization. With emerging new oral anticoagulant agents, data are available that may influence prescribing in the outpatient setting following hospitalization. A survey was created to determine the level of acceptance or influences for practice surrounding continuation of anticoagulation following hospitalization.

Methods This study was designed as a single-center survey of hospitalist and family medicine physician to assess influences to the physician's impression for risk of VTE prophylaxis and knowledge of therapy options.

Results Physicians reported depending heavily on medical center protocols for determining anticoagulation at hospital discharge. Prescribing postdischarge anticoagulation was reported to be affected by lack of comfort with prescribing oral medications and concerns with risk of bleeding for all types of anticoagulation outweighing the perceived benefit. Additionally, the decision whether to prescribe these medications at discharge was reported to be related to perceived cost and other patient barriers such as concerns over route of administration.

Conclusion Concerns for bleeding were an influence and likely resulted in shorter duration for VTE prophylaxis being prescribed posthospitalization.
Chiral algebra, localization, modularity, surface defects, and all that
Authors: Dedushenko Mykola , Fluder Martin
Published: September 2020

We study the 2D vertex operator algebra (VOA) construction in 4D N=2 superconformal field theories on S3 × S1, focusing on both old puzzles and new observations. The VOA lives on a two-torus T2⊂S3×S1, it is 12Z-graded, and this torus is equipped with the natural choice of spin structure (1,0) for the Z+12-graded operators, corresponding to the NS sector vacuum character. By analyzing the possible refinements of the Schur index that preserves the VOA, we find that it admits discrete deformations, which allows access to the remaining spin structures (1,1), (0,1), and (0,0), of which the latter two involve the inclusion of a particular surface defect. For Lagrangian theories, we perform the detailed analysis: we describe the natural supersymmetric background, perform localization, and derive the gauged symplectic boson action on a torus in any spin structure. In the absence of flavor fugacities, the 2D and 4D path integrals precisely match, including the Casimir factors. We further analyze the 2D theory: we identify its integration cycle and the two-point functions and interpret flavor holonomies as screening charges in the VOA. Next, we make some observations about modularity; the T-transformation acts on our four partition functions and lifts to a large diffeomorphism on S3 × S1. More interestingly, we generalize the four partition functions on the torus to an infinite family labeled by both the spin structure and the integration cycle inside the complexified maximal torus of the gauge group. Members of this family transform into one another under the full modular group, and we confirm the recent observation that the S-transform of the Schur index in Lagrangian theories exhibits logarithmic behavior. Finally, we comment on how locally our background reproduces the Ω-background.
Stability of a parametric harmonic oscillator with dichotomic noise
Authors: Schirdewahn Daniel
Published: September 2020

The harmonic oscillator is a powerful model that can appear as a limit case when examining a nonlinear system. A well known fact is that, without driving, the inclusion of a friction term makes the origin of the phase space—which is a fixed point of the system—linearly stable. In this work, we include a telegraph process as perturbation of the oscillator’s frequency, for example, to describe the motion of a particle with fluctuating charge gyrating in an external magnetic field. Increasing intensity of this colored noise is capable of changing the quality of the fixed point. To characterize the stability of the system, we use a stability measure that describes the growth of the displacement of the system’s phase space position and express it in a closed form. We expand the respective exponent for light friction and low noise intensity and compare both the exact analytic solution and the expansion to numerical values. Our findings allow stability predictions for several physical systems.
A conserved myotubularin-related phosphatase regulates autophagy by maintaining autophagic flux
Authors: Allen Elizabeth A. , Amato Clelia , Fortier Tina M. , Velentzas Panagiotis , Wood Will , Baehrecke Eric H.
Published: September 2020

Macroautophagy (autophagy) targets cytoplasmic cargoes to the lysosome for degradation. Like all vesicle trafficking, autophagy relies on phosphoinositide identity, concentration, and localization to execute multiple steps in this catabolic process. Here, we screen for phosphoinositide phosphatases that influence autophagy in Drosophila and identify CG3530. CG3530 is homologous to the human MTMR6 subfamily of myotubularin-related 3-phosphatases, and therefore, we named it dMtmr6. dMtmr6, which is required for development and viability in Drosophila, functions as a regulator of autophagic flux in multiple Drosophila cell types. The MTMR6 family member MTMR8 has a similar function in autophagy of higher animal cells. Decreased dMtmr6 and MTMR8 function results in autophagic vesicle accumulation and influences endolysosomal homeostasis.
A new concept for developing a compact joint structure for reducing joint resistance between high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and low-temperature superconductors (LTS)
Authors: Banno Nobuya , Asano Toshihisa , Kato Takeharu , Maeda Hideaki
Published: September 2020

It is significantly difficult to develop a superconducting joint between REBCO and low-temperature superconductors (LTS) using a solder matrix replacement technique. This is because the REBCO superconducting layer is highly corrosive to Sn. In this work, TEM observations were first conducted on the reaction interface between the REBCO layer and Sn to reveal the reaction. Then, a new idea to create a compact low-resistance joint to reduce the joint resistance between REBCO and LTS was proposed. In this method, the REBCO tape is rolled in a metal boat, with the Cu stabilizer remaining around the tape. Then, an LTS wire, whose superconducting filament ends are coated with a superconducting solder, is set straight into a boat. Then, the boat is filled with a superconducting solder, so that the joint state between the LTS and superconducting solder matrix remains superconductive. However, the electrical joint between the REBCO tape and the solder matrix is resistive, even if the solder matrix is superconductive. Consequently, the overall joint resistance is determined by the boundary resistance between the REBCO tape and the superconducting solder matrix. However, to achieve a joint resistance below 10–10 Ω, a long joint length of more than 5 m, preferably more than 10 m, will be required. Considering the strain state of the REBCO layer when it is rolled in to a boat, the boat-type joint structure proposed in this work enables the joint size to be significantly compact, even if a length of more than 10 m is required. At present, a joint resistance of 0.7 nΩ was obtained in a field range of less than 0.4 T by using a boat with an inner size dimensions as follows: 50 mm length, 16 mm width, 7 mm height, radius of curvature of 8 mm, and tape length of 2 m.
Utility-specific projections of electricity sector greenhouse gas emissions: a committed emissions model-based case study of California through 2050
Authors: Grubert Emily , Stokes-Draut Jennifer , Horvath Arpad , Eisenstein William
Published: September 2020

The environmental profile of electricity is changing rapidly, motivating a need for provider- and time-specific estimates for accurate environmental assessment. This work shows that defensible, provider- and time-specific emissions projections can be derived from two major factors: committed emissions from existing power plants and policy restrictions on future system characteristics. This letter introduces a bottom–up, power plant-based model that projects utility-specific annual average greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of electricity in the U.S. state of California for 2018–2050, believed to be the first openly available GHG emissions model with utility-specific projections. California is a useful case study for testing in part because of its strict regulatory GHG targets and the complexity of its electricity system, including limited asset ownership by utilities and substantial reliance on imported electricity. This plant-based approach to emissions projections bounds uncertainty in a way that less infrastructurally grounded approaches cannot. For example, emissions from unspecified sources of power can be estimated based on available plants. Based on historical power plant lifetimes, existing policy, and default model assumptions, the CO2 intensity of Californian electricity is projected to drop from 175 kg CO2/MWh (sales + losses, 2020) to 95 kg CO2/MWh by 2030, operationally decarbonizing by 2047. Upstream methane leakage increases GHG intensity of natural gas-fired power plants by about 30%, assuming a 100 year time horizon and national average estimates for leakage (which likely underestimate leakage for California). Although drivers like market conditions also affect future outcomes, California’s current policy targets do not appear to require early retirement for utility generation assets, though up to about two gigawatts of extant in-state merchant capacity might be affected. Under current policy, new generating assets must either comply with the 100% clean electricity standard by 2045 or stop selling in California before the end of their expected useful life.
Probability Concepts of Transfer Load to the Foundation of Container Structure
Authors: Al-Rumaithi Ayad , Al-Shamaa Mushriq F. K. , Karkush Mahdi O.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents stochastic analysis using the perturbation method to model the structure of a container to verify the distributions of probability of maximum and minimum axial forces reactions in piles. The proposed simulation of a container port terminal under 11 scenarios of load combinations was presented. The probability distributions for live loads are assigned according to the input parameters of simulation data. Part of the load itself is implicitly combined such as vertical live load which includes the weight of equipment and containers and wind load. The structural model was simulated in the software STAAD Pro., while the statistical analyses were performed with MATLAB. The results demonstrated that, the most significant external actions for the values of the axial forces reactions on the tips of the piles which considered appropriate to normal probability distributions.
Dynamics of the heat affected zone and induced strains in laser machining below ablation threshold
Authors: Kaselouris E , Skoulakis A , Fitilis I , Orphanos Y , Tazes I , Kosma K , Bakarezos M , Papadogiannis N , Tatarakis M , Dimitriou V
Published: September 2020

The Heat Affected Zone - HAZ of a laser irradiated AISI H-13 steel workpiece, is investigated via numerical simulations and experimental measurements. A three-dimensional transient thermo-structural finite element model is developed to simulate the machining process. A Gaussian laser beam is employed as the heat source. The developed finite element material model considers the effects of plastic strain, strain rate and temperature, along with a fracture model. The experiments are carried out with a laser of 1-4 W power and with a scanning speed of 100 mm/min. Thermocouple sensors are used for the temperature measurements, while the surface roughness is measured using white light interferometry and related experimental diagnostics. A parametric numerical analysis regarding the average absorptivity of the workpiece is performed and is compared to the experimental findings. The depth and width of HAZ and the induced strains are studied for the plastic and melting regimes. The influence of the surface roughness of the metal workpiece on the dynamics of HAZ is also experimentally demonstrated. The findings of this study highlight the role of the absorption coefficient and the surface roughness on the HAZ below the ablation threshold and can be applied to related laser machining processes.
Burning law determination using numerical simulation of propellants burning in the closed vessel
Authors: Mircioagă R M , Matache L C , Rotariu A , Cîrmaci M , Șomoiag P , Haller L , Rancea A
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a method of determining the “real” combustion law based on numerical simulation that also takes into account the thermal transfer between the hot gases resulting from deflagration and the walls of the vessel. This method is validated using the experimental results obtained in the closed vessel for SB propellant type, used in small-caliber propulsion systems. The proposed method is implemented using Ansys Fluent software, having as input the properties of the closed vessel walls from technical literature and of the gases resulting from the deflagration of propellant, calculated using a thermochemical model. To simulate the burning phenomena of the propellant charge and the impact that may occur between the propellants elements, on the one hand, and between the propellants element and the inner walls of the vessel, on the other hand, we used a dynamic mesh and mathematical models using UDF. For validation we used the diagrams from experimental tests made in the closed vessel at two different loading densities, the results obtained being in good agreement with the experimental ones. Moreover, the method used allows us to evaluate the error due to not taking into account the thermal losses that occurred in the closed vessel.
Kalman Filter estimation of angular acceleration
Authors: Nalepa B , Gwiazda A
Published: September 2020

The Kalman filter is a commonly used tool to eliminate measurement noise occurring in the data most often taken from various sensors. The most common application is data filtration from accelerometers and gyroscopes, which are found, among others in smartphones and other modern devices. The Kalman filter is also an estimator, which allows the estimation of parameters that are not directly measured by the sensors but depend on the measurement quantities. This article will present the case of measuring angular velocity and linear acceleration measured during activity on a stationary bike. The sensor was placed on the leg of the person exercising. On the basis of angular velocity, the tests will determine angular acceleration not measured directly by sensors and comparison of the resultant linear acceleration with the resultant acceleration measured by sensors.
A comparative study of the barge’s geometry under impact loads
Authors: Nechita M , Popescu G
Published: September 2020

The main objective of the present paper is to study the naval structure’s geometry for improving its behavior during critical accidents that can affect structural safety. Increasing and decreasing the geometry’s curvature of the barge’s board is considered for generating four models used in numerical structural analyses under impact loads. Three values of friction coefficient and two values of velocity are chosen as input data. The area and the volume values of collided structure are compared for impact assessing. This study is focusing particularly on the bow of the barge. The results presented at the end of the paper show that increasing the geometry’s curvature diminish the collision’s effects.
Influence of the obtaining method on the compactness of AlMg10-SiCp ultralight composite
Authors: Rusu O , Rusu I
Published: September 2020

The research was carried out on composite materials based on AlMg10-SiCp. This metallic ultralight materials were obtained by two methods: butane bubbling method and the soluble salt method. We chose different amounts of SiCp (5, 10 and 15%), the particles size being about 120 micrometers. The A method involves a forceful agitation of the melt aluminium alloy and SiC mixture, combined with gas bubbling (we used CH4 as the reactive gas). Method B involves the dissolution in water of the sodium chloride contained in the AlMg10-SiC composite after solidification of the metallic material. The occurrence of NaCl in the structure of the material is due to the introduction of sodium chloride and silicon carbide powders mixture in the molten material, which was very vigorously stirred. The A method leads to a cellular structure (small and medium size open and semi-open cells) of the composite and the B method to a porous one, like metal foams (semi-open cells). The increase of SiC percentage determinate the increase of the composite porosity, no matter of used method of achievement. The phenomenon can be explained by porosity increasing of those materials, equalization in cell size and tendency to uniform distribution of cells in the composite volume. As expected, the relative porosity of these composites increases with the silicon carbide percentage, reaching a maximum of 47% for AlMg10-15% SiC composite, obtained by the soluble salts method.
Concentrated salt-resistant emulsions of the “oil in water” type used for the development of oil and gas wells
Authors: Belenko E V , Khvatov A V , Sakharov P A
Published: September 2020

Currently, water-based and hydrocarbon-based oil and gas well silencing fluids are widely used. The most promising liquids for silencing and developing wells are direct emulsions, whose viscosity can be regulated by changing the concentration of the “oil” phase. Urgent task is to develop polymer-free structured emulsion compositions for developing and silencing low-temperature oil and gas wells that are stable when the water phase is saturated with sodium or potassium chlorides. For use in protected areas, the developed formulations should use vegetable oils and esters based on them as the oil phase, along with hydrocarbons.