bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Skills and Hypertension Prevention Practices among Teachers in Selected Secondary Schools in Sagamu Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Dankoli Raymond Salanga
Published: April 2022

The development of chronic illness such as hypertension among individuals in occupations such as teaching has been associated with a high level of stress and sedentary behaviours. This study, therefore, evaluated the behavioural skills and hypertension prevention practices among secondary school teachers in Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 418 respondents for the study. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at ≤0.05 level of significance. The mean age of the respondents was 42.61±7.79 years. More than half, 250 (59.8%) of the respondents were females, with the majority 375 (89.7%) being married. A greater proportion 313 (74.9%) of the respondents had Bachelor’s degree (B.Sc). While about quarter 105 (25.1%) of them had worked for a period of 6-10 years. Most 299 (71.5%) of the respondents had high behavioral skills towards hypertension prevention. Less than half 192 (45.9%) of the respondents had high prevention practice. Behavioral skills significantly contributed to the prevention practices (Odds ratio= 1.12; CL= 1.05- 1.20; p = 0.001). The study revealed that the teachers had high behavioural skills and low hypertension prevention. It is recommended that the state ministry of education through the state ministry of health should conduct a health education program to improve the hypertension prevention practices of teachers.
Covid-19 in Nigeria: Lockdown Measures and a Chronological Epidemiological Review During the First Wave
Authors: Oluwafemi Idowu
Published: April 2022

This study provides a general epidemiological review of Corona-virus disease in Nigeria during the first wave of the pandemic from February to December 2020 and the efforts of the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) to curtail the disease. Coronavirus disease is a highly transmissible and pathogenic viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV2), which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and later spread worldwide. The first confirmed case of the disease in Nigeria was in February 2020, and the subject was an Italian who works in Nigeria but returned from Milan, Italy to Lagos, after which the virus spread to other parts of the country. In order to curtail the spread of the menace, lockdown measures were introduced by the FGN during the first wave since there is no precise treatment for the disease, thus making prevention critical. Despite these measures, the spread of Covid-19 in Nigeria continues to record a significant surge beyond the first wave.
Trends in Testing and Positivity in Banadir, Somalia During the First Seventeen Months of the Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020
Authors: Bangura Sulaiman
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a new strain of CoronaVirus. Many countries, including Somalia, have experienced two or more waves of the disease. The spread of Covid-19 in Banadir was a sporadic event distributed in many locations. The study aims to assess the time trends of Covid 19 testing positivity rate in the Banadir region of Somalia during the first seventeen months of the Covid-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional analytical study involving the review, analysis, and interpretation of existing dataset collected in the course of Covid-19 response between March 2020 and August 2021 to characterize the time trends of Covid 19 testing, compare the testing rates, attack rate, and positivity rates, and determine factors associated with positive Covid-19 tests in Banadir region. The categorical data were compared using a chi-square test. A total of 164 836 entries were analysed in this study. The majority (67.9%) of the participants were male, while close to a third (29.7%) were aged between 25-35 years, and 27.1% were aged 36-50 years. A total of 6,404(3.9%) participants tested positive for the Covid 19 virus. The chi-square test revealed bivariate association of age (P<0.001) and gender (P<0.001) were significantly associated with positive test results. Females and persons above 70 years had higher positivity of 4.4% and 13.7 %, respectively, compared to males and younger age groups. Banadir has recorded three waves of Covid 19 transmission from March 2020 to September 2021. Covid-19 vaccination uptake is needed to minimize spread.
Az általános iskolai tanulók kulturális fogyasztására ható tényezők vizsgálata
Authors: Váradi Judit , Bíró István Ferenc , Hőrich Balázs , Szalai Tamás
Published: April 2022

Tanulmányunk célja, hogy feltárja a 8-13 éves tanulók kulturális érzékenységére ható tényezőket, azon belül kiemelten vizsgáltuk a gyermekek magasművészetekhez fűződő viszonyát. Hipotéziseinket Bourdieu és Passeron elméletére (1971, 1977), valamint Hunyadi (2005) kutatására alapozva állítottuk fel. Fő kérdésünk, hogy a hangszeres tanulmányok, az éneklés gyakorisága, valamint a társadalmi státusz hogyan befolyásolja a magasművészetekhez fűződő viszonyt. A kutatás során megvizsgáltuk, hogy a szülők zenéhez fűződő viszonya milyen hatással van a gyermekek zenei fogyasztására. A kulturális tőke szerepének vizsgálatához nemzetközi modelleket vettünk alapul. Feltáró kutatásunk célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a kulturális tőke különböző megjelenési formái milyen módon és mennyire érvényesülnek a kulturális fogyasztás dimenziójában. Eredményeink alátámasztották, hogy a magasabb iskolai végzettség, a nagyobb arányú szülői törődés, a szülők “zenei tőkéje” és a jó anyagi helyzet növeli a kulturális fogyasztás esélyét. A magasabb társadalmi státuszúak szélesebb kulturális fogyasztási mintázattal jellemezhetők, amihez viszont gyakoribb zenei aktivitás is társul. A jobb helyzetben lévő családokra nemcsak nagyobb kulturális fogyasztás, hanem körültekintőbb kulturális átörökítési metódusok is jellemzők.
Godunov-type solutions for free surface transient flow in pipeline incorporating unsteady friction
Authors: Hu Yinying , Zhou Ling , Pan Tianwen , Fang Haoyu , Li Yunjie , Liu Deyou
Published: April 2022

A finite-volume second-order Godunov-type scheme (GTS) combining the unsteady friction model (UFM) is introduced to simulate free surface flow in pipelines. The exact solution to the Riemann problem calculates the mass and momentum fluxes while considering the Brunone unsteady friction factor. One simple boundary treatment with double virtual cells is proposed to ensure the whole computation domain with second-order accuracy. Results of various transient free-surface flows achieved by the proposed models are compared with exact solution, experimental data, the four-point implicit Preissmann scheme solution, as well as predictions by the classic Method of Characteristics (MOC). Results show that the proposed second-order GTS UFMs are accurate, efficient, and stable even for Courant numbers less than one and sparse grid. The four-point implicit Preissmann scheme may produce severe numerical attenuation in the case of large time steps and unsuitable weighting factors, while the MOC scheme may produce severe numerical attenuation in the case of a low Courant number and could not maintain mass conservation. The numerical simulations considering the unsteady friction factor are closer to the measured water depth variations. The effect of unsteady friction becomes more important as the initial water depth difference increases significantly.
Multi-step prediction of dissolved oxygen in rivers based on random forest missing value imputation and attention mechanism coupled with recurrent neural network
Authors: Huan Juan , Li Mingbao , Xu Xiangen , Zhang Hao , Yang Beier , Jianming Jiang , Shi Bing
Published: April 2022

Accurately predicting dissolved oxygen is of great significance to the intelligent management and control of river water quality. However, due to the interference of external factors and the irregularity of its changes, this is still a ticklish problem, especially in multi-step forecasting. This article mainly studies two issues: we first analyze the lack of water quality data and propose to use the random forest algorithm to interpolate the missing data. Then, we systematically discuss and compare water quality prediction methods based on attention-based RNN, and develop attention-based RNN into a multi-step prediction for dissolved oxygen. Finally, we applied the model to the canal in Jiangnan (China) and compared eight baseline methods. In the dissolved oxygen single-step prediction, the attention-based GRU model has better performance. Its measure indicators MAE, RMSE, and R2 are 0.051, 0.225, and 0.958, which are better than baseline methods. Next, attention-based GRU was developed into multi-step prediction, which can predict the dissolved oxygen in the next 20 hours with high prediction accuracy. The MAE, RMSE, and R2 are 0.253, 0.306, and 0.918. Experimental results show that attention-based GRU can achieve more accurate dissolved oxygen prediction in single-neural network and multi-step predictions.
Recycling iron from pickling sludge to activate peroxydisulfate for the degradation of phenol
Authors: Yang Shaopeng , Wang Dongzhe , Xue Gang , Wang Li , Duan Xinhui , Gong Cairong
Published: April 2022

In this work, iron was recovered from a kind of iron-rich pickling sludge by an acid leaching process, and the recycled iron was used as a catalyst to activate peroxydisulfate (PS) for the degradation of phenol. Different kinds of sludge catalysts were prepared by different drying methods such as ordinary drying (Ods), freeze drying (Fds) and vacuum drying (Vds). The degradation performance of the different catalysts/PS system under different conditions was explored, the vacuum drying sludge catalyst (Vds) has the best activity in a wide pH range (pH = 3–10) and a wide temperature range (0–40 °C). At the same time, the effect of a series of chelating agents (Oxalic acid (OA), Citric acid (CA), Tartaric acid (TA), Malic acid (DL-MA) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) on Vds/PS system was verified, and TA was selected as the best chelating agent to promote the degradation of the second stage where the degradation rate is limited. The quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated that hydroxyl radical (·OH) and sulfate radical (SO4̇−) were responsible for the abatement of the organic contaminant with ·OH playing a more important role. In summary, this study proposed an environmentally-friendly approach for the application of iron-rich pickling sludge in the remediation of phenol-contaminated water.
Mechanism-based	Design .	of	Inosine	5'-Monophosphate
Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Activities of
5-Ethynyi-1- -D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR)
and its Derivatives
Authors: Minakawa Noriaki , Matsuda Akira
Published: April 2022

Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-monophosphate (XMP), and is one of the key rate-determining enzymes of de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis in mammalian systems. Based on the proposed catalytic mechanism of IMPDH, we designed and synthesized 5-ethynyi-1- ­
D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (Sb, EICAR) from 5-amino-1- -D-ribofuranosylimida­ zole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) via palladium chemistry. EICAR is a potent cytostatic agent that inhibits various tumor cells in culture including human solid tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. EICAR also showed broad-spectrum antiviral activities, about 10- to 100-fold greater than those of ribavirin. An examination of the structure-activity relationships revealed that an alkynyl group, especially an ethynyl group at the 5-position, is important for its activity due to the inhibition of IMPDH. The mode of action of EICAR is also discussed.
The Rationale and Strategy Used to Develop a Series of Highly Potent, Irreversible, Inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family of Tyrosine Kinases
Authors: Bridges A. J.
Published: April 2022

The Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFr) was one of the first oncogenes identified, and it, or its ligands Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Transforming Growth Factor a (TGFa.) are overexpressed in most clinical tumours. As EGF and TGFa. are potent mitogens, it appeared that inhibition
of EGFr signaling would be a viable anti-proliferative strategy. Screening found several classes of EGFr inhibitor, one of which, the indolinethiones
was developed. The SAR, in common with that of other first generation tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors was flat, and potency was poor. Rescreening in presence of a thiol, to remove chemically reactive species, identified only two leads, a pyridopyrimidine and a quinazoline. These were developed into a very broad class of EGFr inhibitors, with great potency and selectivity for EGFr, but poor physicochemical properties, and little if any in vivo anti-tumour activity. Meanwhile the complex role of other members of the EGFr TK family in oncogenesis, was becoming apparent, suggesting that the whole EGFr family should be inhibited. The difficulty of finding potent compounds with acceptable pharmacokinetics also suggested that irreversible inhibitors of the TK might produce better in vivo profiles. Modeling suggested that the unusual Cys773 residue might be reached from the 6/7-positions of quinazoline and pyridopyrimidine inhibitors. Inhibitors with acrylamides at these positions proved to be irreversible alkylating agents for both EGFr and erbB-2 with cellular inhibitory activities in the low nanomolar range, and very potent in vivo• antitumour activity. Optimized inhibitors had exceptionally potent oral antitumour activity, with negligible cytotoxicity.
ATP-site Directed Inhibitors of Cyclin-dependent Kinases
Authors: G ray Nathanael , Detivaud Lena'lck , Doerig Christian , Meijer Laurent
Published: April 2022

Cyclin-dependent kinases trigger and coordinate transitions between different phases the cell division cycle (CDK1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7). They
also play a role in apoptosis (CDK2), in neuronal cells (CDK5) and in the control of transcription
(CDK 7, 8, 9). Intensive screening has lead to the recent identification of a series of chemical inhibitors of CDKs: olomoucine, roscovitine, purvalanol, CVT -313, flavopiridol, y­ butyrolactone, indirubins, paullones and staurosporine. Some of these compounds display remarkable selectivities and efficiencies (IC5o < 25 nM). Many have been co-crystallised with CDK2 and their interactions with the kinase have been analysed in atomic detail. These inhibitors all act by competing with ATP for binding at the catalytic site. Most inhibitors present a flat heterocyclic ring system that occupies the purine binding pocket as well as form 2 or 3 hydrogen bonds with Glu-81 and Leu-83. The binding modes of these inhibitors are reviewed in this article. Knowledge of the CDK/inhibitor interactions will be of great help to design inhibitors with improved selectivity our potency as well as to generate affinity chromatography matrices for the purification and identification of their cellular targets. The potential use of CDK inhibitors is being extensively evaluated in cancer chemotherapy and other fields such as the cardiovascular domain (restenosis), dermatology (psoriasis), nephrology (glomerulonephritis) parasitology (unicellular parasites such as Plasmodium, Trypanosomes, Toxoplasm,...etc.), neurology (Alzheimer's disease) and viral infections (cytomegalovirus, H.I.V., herpes).
Glucagon-like Peptide-1,	A	Gastrointestinal	Hormone with a
Pharmaceutical Potential
Authors: Juul Holst Jens
Published: April 2022

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an insulinotropic hormone secreted from endocrine cells in the gut mucosa in response to meal ingestion. It is an important incretin hormone; mice with a null mutation in the GLP-1 receptor gene develop glucose intolerance. In addition, it inhibits gastrointestinal secretion and motility and is thought to be part of the "ileal brake" mechanism. Perhaps because of the latter actions it inhibits food intake, but intracerebral injection of GLP-1 also inhibits food intake. The insu­
linotropic effect is preserved in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in whom also glucagon secretion is inhibited. Thus upon iv GLP-1 infusion blood glucose may be completely normalised. Because its actions are glucose-dependent hypoglycaemia does not develop. However, GLP-1 is metabolised extremely rapidly in vivo, initially by a mechanism that involves the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV. It is currently being investigated how GLP-1 or analogues thereof can be employed in practical diabetes therapy. Promising solutions include the development of stable analogues and inhibitors of the degrading enzyme.
Advances and Prospects of Ultrasound Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Using Biomaterial-modified Micro/Nanobubbles for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Lin Chen , Chen Ye-Zi , Wu Bo , Yang Meng-Ting , Liu Chao-Qi , Zhao Yun
Published: April 2022

The incidence of malignant tumors is rising rapidly and tends to be in the
younger, which has been one of the most important factors endangering the safety of human
life. Ultrasound micro/nanobubbles, as a noninvasive and highly specific antitumor
strategy, can reach and destroy tumor tissue through their effects of cavitation and acoustic
perforation under the guidance of ultrasound. Meanwhile, micro/nanobubbles are now
used as a novel drug carrier, releasing drugs at a target region, especially on the
prospects of biomaterial-modified micro/nanobubbles as a dual modality for drug delivery
and therapeutic monitoring. Successful evaluation of the sonoporation mechanism(s),
ultrasound parameters, drug type, and dose will need to be addressed before translating
this technology for clinical use. Therefore, this paper collects the literature on the experimental
and clinical studies of ultrasound biomaterial-modified micro/nanobubbles therapy
in vitro and in vivo in recent years.
Overcoming Skin Damage from Pollution via Novel Skincare Strategies
Authors: Charitakis Alexandros , Assi Sulaf , Yousaf Sakib , Khan Iftikhar
Published: April 2022

Urban pollution is one of the main problems encountered worldwide, with a major impact on public
health as well as the environment. The health impact of urban pollution is not limited to respiratory conditions
but also encompasses major skin problems, including irritation, skin ageing, and skin cancer. Toxic gases and
particulate matter are the main pollutants that exhibit extensive local variability. The aforementioned pollutants
are small particles that attach to the skin or penetrate it, enhancing free radicals’ production inside the inner skin
layers. This urges the need to propose cosmetic products that help prevent and/or minimise pollutants’ effects
on the skin, whether irritation, ageing, and cancer. Furthermore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to skin
irritation and ageing. Intrinsic factors are within skin factors and include genetic and physiological characteristics
of individuals. Moreover, extrinsic factors comprise environmental factors such as humidity, temperature,
and smoke. Subsequently, active ingredients with anti pollutant properties addressed the intrinsic and extrinsic
factors by four mechanisms: free radical neutralisation, film-forming ability, skin barrier enhancement, and fortification.
Such ingredients include vitamin A derivatives, vitamin C derivatives, carbohydrates, and plantbased
products. Yet, very limited studies have evaluated the effectiveness of the aforementioned active ingredients
against irritation or ageing, which should be considered in future work.
Curcumin Prevents the Glycation of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Cell Respiration
Proteins in the Heart of Mice Fed with a High-fructose Diet
Authors: León-García María Cristina , Silva-Gaona Oscar Gerardo , Hernández-Ortiz Magdalena , Vargas-Ortiz Katya , Ramírez-Emiliano Joel , Garay-Sevilla Ma Eugenia , Encarnación-Guevara Sergio , Pérez-Vázquez Victoriano
Published: April 2022

Background:

A high fructose diet (HFD) induces protein glycation. The latter is related to a higher
risk of cardiovascular disease. Curcumin is a natural pleiotropic compound that may possess antiglycant properties.

Objective:

The study aims to analyze the effect of curcumin on the content of glycated proteins in the hearts of
6-week-old mice fed with a HFD for 15 weeks.

Methods:

Mice were allocated into four groups (n = 6/group): a control group that received a standard diet
(CT); a group that received 30% w/v fructose in water (F); a group that received 0.75% w/w curcumin supplemented
in food (C); a group that received 30% w/v fructose in water and 0.75% w/w curcumin supplemented in
food (F+C). The content of glycated proteins in the heart was determined by Western Blot (whereas the spots
were detected by 2D-PAGE) using anti-AGE and anti-CML antibodies. Densitometric analysis was performed
using the ImageLab software. Glycated proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, and an ontological analysis
was performed in terms of biological processes and molecular function based on the STRING and DAVID
databases.

Results:

Fourteen glycated protein spots were detected, two of them with anti-AGE and the other 12 with anti-
CML. In total, eleven glycated proteins were identified, out of which three had decreased glycation levels due
to curcumin exposure. The identified proteins participate in processes such as cellular respiration, oxidative
phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC), and the organization
of intermediate filaments.

Conclusions:

Curcumin decreased the fructose-induced glycation level of the ACO2, NDUFS7, and DLAT proteins.
From Elusive Monomeric Metaphosphates to Oligomeric Metaphosphate Reagents:
New Avenue to Halogen-free Phosphorylation of Biomolecules
Authors: Romanenko Vadim D.
Published: April 2022

This perspective highlights a new environmentally benign strategy for the introduction
of phosphate functionality into organic substrates via activated cyclic oligometaphosphates.
The use of these novel phosphorylating reagents greatly simplify the synthesis of nucleoside
mono- and polyphosphates and provides a platform to access diverse phosphorylated
amino acids, peptides, sugars, and other phosphorus-containing fine chemicals. The new phosphorylation
protocol represents an advance in terms of atom-efficiency, regioselectivity, functional
tolerance and safety for the environment.
Functional Ability of Dental Materials After Inclusion of Nanocarriers
Containing Functional Substances: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dutra Borges Boniek Castillo , Costa Moan Jéfter Fernandes , de Oliveira Francisca Jennifer Duarte , Wanderley e Lima Renally Bezerra
Published: April 2022

Background:

Nanocarriers are nanoparticles used to transport functional substances.

Objective::

This study aimed to perform a systematic review analyzing the functional ability of dental
materials after the inclusion of nanocarriers containing functional substances.

Materials and Methods:

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SciELO, and Science
Direct from (02/03/21) to (02/06/21) without restriction on the year of publication. We included studies
evaluating the incorporation of Chitosan, PEG-PCL (poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone),
PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and mesoporous silica into dental materials. We analyzed the
risk of bias with CRIS guidelines and consolidated all analyses using Microsoft Office Excel.

Results:

In total, we found 656 studies and included 11. The articles investigated materials to eliminate
microorganisms, interference with materials’ mechanical properties, elution of remineralizing
substances, and reduction of oral anesthetic toxicity. Chitosan and mesoporous silica were the most
prevalent nanocarriers. Among all properties, the antibacterial activity was the most analyzed. The
functional ability of dental materials provided by all nanocarriers improved.

Conclusion:

The use of nanocarriers may be a useful way to produce dental materials with improved
functional abilities. We registered this manuscript in the Open Science Framework platform - DOI
10.17605/OSF.IO/RP5XK, available at https://osf.io/qg49x.
MicroRNAs and Efferocytosis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Gheibihayat Seyed Mohammad , Mahmoudi Ali , Moadab Fatemeh , Safdarian Esmat , Navashenaq Jamshid Gholizadeh , Rezaee Mehdi
Published: April 2022

About 10-100 billion cells are generated in the human body in a day, and accordingly, 10- 100 billion cells predominantly die for maintaining homeostasis. Dead cells generated by apoptosis are also rapidly engulfed by macrophages (Mθs) to be degraded. In case of the inefficient engulfment of apoptotic cells (ACs) via Mθs, they experience secondary necrosis and thus release intracellular materials, which display damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and result in diseases. Over the last decades, researchers have also reflected on the significant contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) to autoimmune diseases through the regulation of Mθs functions. Moreover, miRNAs have shown intricate involvement with completely adjusting basic Mθs functions, such as phagocytosis, inflammation, efferocytosis, tumor promotion, and tissue repair. In this review, the mechanism of efferocytosis containing "Find-Me", "Eat-Me", and "Digest-Me" signals is summarized and the biogenesis of miRNAs is briefly described. Finally, the role of miRNAs in efferocytosis is discussed. It is concluded that miRNAs represent promising treatments and diagnostic targets in impaired phagocytic clearance, which leads to different diseases.
DNA Nanobots – Emerging Customized Nanomedicine in Oncology
Authors: Deshmukh Rohitas , Singh Rajesh
Published: April 2022

Cancer is one of the most lethal diseases of the twenty-first century. Many medicines, including
antitumor antibiotics, deliver tedious and severe chemotherapy and radiation treatment, both of
which have significant side effects. DNA nanorobots, as an alternative, might be used as a cancer treatment
method that is both safer and more precise than current treatments. DNA nanobots are being
praised as a major milestone in medical research. The major goal of these nanobots is to find and destroy
malignant cells in the human body. A unique strand of DNA is folded into the systematic form to
create these nanobots. DNA origami has magnified passive tumor-targeting and prolonged properties at
the tumor location. The triangle-like DNA origami, in particular, shows excellent accumulation on passive
targeting of the tumor. Self-built DNA origami nanostructures were utilized to deliver the anticancer
drug doxorubicin into tumors, and the approach was found to be highly successful in vivo. In
another demonstration, a robot was made with the help of DNA origami and aptamer for folding a 90nm
long tube-like apparatus. It was carried out to transport the blood coagulation protease thrombin in the
interior portion guarded against blood plasma protein and circulating platelets. The robot unfolded once
the aptamer was identified and attached to its tumor-specific target molecule, delivering thrombin to the
circulation, stimulating coagulation of the regional malignant cells, and proceeding to tumor necrosis
and tumor growth inhibition. Various studies revealed the effectiveness of DNA nanobots in cancer
therapy.
Cancer Chemotherapy via Natural Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Pathak Kalyani , Pathak Manash P. , Saikia Riya , Gogoi Urvashee , Sahariah Jon J. , Zothantluanga James H. , Samanta Abhishek , Das Aparoop
Published: April 2022

Background:

Cancer-induced mortality is increasingly prevalent globally, which skyrocketed
the necessity to discover new/novel, safe and effective anticancer drugs. Cancer is characterized
by the continuous multiplication of cells in the human, which is unable to control. Scientific research
is drawing its attention toward naturally-derived bioactive compounds as they have fewer side effects
compared to the current synthetic drugs used for chemotherapy.

Objective:

Drugs isolated from natural sources and their role in the manipulation of epigenetic markers
in cancer are discussed briefly in this review article.

Methods:

With advancing medicinal plant biotechnology and microbiology in the past century, several
anticancer phytomedicines were developed. Modern pharmacopeia contains at least 25% herbal-based
remedies, including clinically used anticancer drugs. These drugs mainly include the podophyllotoxin
derivatives vinca alkaloids, curcumin, mistletoe plant extracts, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin,
and colchicine artesunate, homoharringtonine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytansine, tapsigargin,and
bruceantin.

Results:

Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin, and halichondrin) isolated from
marine sources and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates.
They have been evaluated for their anticancer activity on cells and experimental animal models and
used chemotherapy.Drug-induced manipulation of epigenetic markers plays an important role in the
treatment of cancer.

Conclusion:

The development of a new drug from isolated bioactive compounds of plant sources has
been a feasible way to lower the toxicity and increase their effectiveness against cancer. Potential anticancer
therapeutic leads obtained from various ethnomedicinal plants, foods, marine, and microorganisms
are showing effective yet realistically safe pharmacological activity. This review will highlight
important plant-based bioactive compounds like curcumin, stilbenes, terpenes, other polyphenolic
phyto-compounds, and structurally related families that are used to prevent/ ameliorate cancer. However,
a contribution from all possible fields of science is still a prerequisite for discovering safe and
effective anticancer drugs.
Metformin Sensitizes Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis Through Regulating
Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway In Cisplatin-resistant Human Lung
Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Haiwen , Yang Donghong , Xu Zumin , Yang Liu , Lin Jiong , Cai Jingyi , Yang Li
Published: April 2022

Background:

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death globally. Platinum-based chemotherapeutic
medications are essential for treating advanced NSCLC, despite that drug resistance severely
limits its effectiveness.

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of metformin on cisplatin-resistant NSCLC
cells (A549/DDP) and its potential mechanisms.

Methods:

Anti-lung cancer efficacy of metformin, cisplatin, and metformin combined with cisplatin was
examined in A549 and A549/DDP cells. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was applied for measuring
cell proliferation. CalcuSyn software was used to calculate the combination index and estimate the
synergistic effect of metformin and cisplatin on cell proliferation. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by
flow cytometry and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were analyzed
using Western blot. Futhermore, the expression of key nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins,
ERCC1, XPF, and XPA, was also analyzed using Western blot.

Results:

We found that metformin had dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on A549/DDP and A549
cells. The combination of metformin and cisplatin had higher effectiveness in inhibiting A549/DDP and
A549 cell growth than either of the two drugs alone. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the combined
treatment could cause more cell apoptosis than the single-drug treatment. Consistently, the combined
treatment decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein and elevated the expression of Bax, and cleaved
caspase-3 proteins. The expression level of ERCC1, XPF, and XPA proteins were lower in the combined
treatment than in either of metformin and cisplatin treatment alone.

Conclusions:

Our study suggested that metformin and cisplatin had synergistic antitumorigenic effects in
A549/DDP cells. The combination of cisplatin and metformin could be promising drug candidates to
sensitize cisplatin-induced apoptosis through regulating nucleotide excision repair pathways in lung cancer.
Research Progress on Indoor VOC Pollution and Control
Authors: Li Xiang , Cui Rui , Yang Baojun , Xie ShiYu , Zeng Guoming , Zheng Hengwei , Zheng Huaili
Published: April 2022

Nowadys, indoor air pollution is harming human health and has become a global problem.
Therefore, research on indoor air pollution is necessary. This paper systematically reviews the
research progress of indoor air pollution in recent years, mainly including indoor pollutant types
and sources, indoor pollutant detection methods and equipment, pollutant release simulation models
and quality standards, indoor air treatment technologies, and points out the problems that exist
in current researches. Furthermore, it proposes the direction of future research work.
PDL1 Positivity Rate Between Triple-negative and Non-luminal Her2+ Cases
Authors: Khalili Ehsan , Naghizadeh Mohsen , Tabriz Hedieh Moradi , Kenari Adel Yazdankhah
Published: April 2022

Background:

Triple-negative breast cancer cases with no available targeted therapy and
advanced cases of luminal and HER2+ that become resistant to available state-of-the-art treatments
are priorities in cancer research. Immune checkpoint blockade, particularly PDL1/PD1 inhibition, is
suggested as a potential option for these patients suffering from several other types of cancers, such
as melanoma. However, the exact subpopulation of breast cancer patients that overexpress PDL1 is
yet to be completely identified. Additionally, reports on the value of PDL1 as a biomarker for the
prognosis of cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological features of malignancy are diverse.

Method:

In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry on 60 breast cancer, including 22
triple-negative and 38 HER2+ cases, and 20 paired lymph node samples.

Results:

PDL1 expression was present in 21. 6% (13/60) of breast cancer samples. PDL1 expression
is significantly associated with ER/PR negativity and the grade of the tumor. The association between
PDL1 positivity and recurrence and the overall survival of patients was not significant.

Conclusion:

PDL1 expression is similar between triple-negative and non-luminal HER2+ cases,
thus some of the advanced non-luminal HER2+ cases might be benefitted from immune checkpoint
blockade.
m5C-HPromoter: An Ensemble Deep Learning Predictor for Identifying
5-methylcytosine Sites in Human Promoters
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Shao Yu-Tao , Luo Zhen-Tao , Qiu Wang-Ren
Published: April 2022

Aims:

This paper is intended to identify 5-methylcytosine sites in human promoters.

Background:

Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are often associated with tumor development. Moreover,
hypermethylation inhibits the expression of tumor suppressor genes, and hypomethylation stimulates
the expression of certain oncogenes. Most DNA methylation occurs on the CpGisland of the gene
promoter region.

Objective:

Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of methylation status of the promoter region of human
gene is extremely important for understanding cancer pathogenesis and the function of posttranscriptional
modification.

Method:

This paper constructed three human promoter methylation datasets, which comprise of a total
of 3 million sample sequences of small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular
carcinoma from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database. Frequency-based One-Hot Encoding
was used to encode the sample sequence, and an innovative stacking-based ensemble deep
learning classifier was applied to establish the m5C-HPromoter predictor.

Result:

Taking the average of 10 times of 5-fold cross-validation, m5C-HPromoter obtained a good
result in terms of Accuracy (Acc)=0.9270, Matthew's correlation coefficient(MCC)=0.7234, Sensitivity(
Sn)=0.9123, and Specificity(Sp)=0.9290.

Conclusion:

Numerical experiments showed that the proposed m5C-HPromoter has greatly improved
the prediction performance compared to the existing iPromoter-5mC predictor. The primary reason is
that frequency-based One-Hot encoding solves the too-long and sparse features problems of One-Hot
encoding and effectively reflects the sequence feature of DNA sequences. The second reason is that the
combination of upsampling and downsampling has achieved great success in solving the imbalance
problem. The third reason is the stacking-based ensemble deep learning model that overcomes the
shortcomings of various models and has the strengths of various models. The user-friendly web-server
m5C-HPromoter is freely accessible to the public at the website: http://121.36.221.79/m5C-HPromoter
or http://bioinfo.jcu.edu.cn/m5C-HPromoter, and the predictor program has been uploaded from the
website: https://github.com/liujin66/m5C-HPromoter.
Tribulus Terrestrisand its Efficacy in the Treatment of Urinary Calculi
Authors: Mahboubi Mohaddese
Published: April 2022

Background:

Urolithiasis as the third most common disorder is defined as stones within the urinary tract. Calcium oxalate is the most common type of stone with a prevalence of 80-85% of cases. There is no drug treatment for urolithiasis, but the use of some stone blockers and inhibitors relaxes the ureter smooth muscles and helps the stone excretion.

Objective:

High prevalence and recurrence rates of urolithiasis has encouraged scientists to find new drugs, especially from medicinal plants. Tribulus terrestris is used for the management of urinary calculi in different traditional systems. Therefore, the potential use of T. terrestris in the management of urinary stones has been the subject of this review for the first time.

Methods:

The manuscript was prepared by searching the keywords “Tribulus terrestris”, “urolithiasis”, “urinary stone”, and “calcium oxalate” in scientific resources, traditional and modern books, dissertations, and documents.

Results:

The results exhibited that T. terrestris fruit aqueous extract had some efficacy in the treatment of urinary calculi by demineralizing the stone, inhibiting the stone formation, increasing urine volume in 24 hrs in animal and human studies, along with protective effects against renal injury due to inhibition of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

Conclusion:

All these mechanisms make T. terrestris as an effective treatment for urolithiasis that needs to be evaluated in further clinical studies.
Bio-Application of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate
Scaffold as Bone Tissue Replacement
Authors: Ismail Mukhlis M. , Hussain Wafaa A. , Hashim Furqan Salim
Published: April 2022

Background:

Porous scaffolds composed of poly (vinyl alcohol)/Biphasic calcium
phosphate (PVA/BCP) were prepared for bone tissue engineering. The effect of BCP was investigated
on the morphology of pores, porosity, compression strength, swelling ratio, biodegradation,
bioactivity, and in vivo blood count.

Objective:

the aim of the article is to prepare a porous scaffold with good mechanical properties
and suitable for the living body by having biodegradable, bioactive, and biocompatible properties.

Methods:

The scaffold of PVA foam was prepared using 4g of PVA (Central Drug House,
M.W. 13000-23000, Viscosity 3.5-4.5, Hydrolysis 87-89 %, PH 4.5-6.5, India) dissolved in 24
ml distilled water with stirrer for 5 minutes. The biphasic-calcium phosphate (BCP) (Ying
Tong Chem and Tech, LTD, Density 3.14 g/cm3, China) was added to the solution with heat
stirring for 5 minutes with a ratio of 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 with respect to the weight of PVA as
shows in Table 1.
The sulfuric acid (Central Drug House, M.W. 98.08, India) of (8 ml) was added drop by drop using
a catalyzer. The citric acid (Central Drug House, M.W. 192.13, India) was added to the mixture
with 24g to create esterification bonding.

Results:

The results showed that the scaffold using BCP had uniform pore size distribution, suitable
porosity up to 67%, and showed high swelling ratio. The scaffolds were of biodegradable nature
and almost degraded by about 37.5% in four weeks. The scaffold was biologically active in
terms of the presence of calcium phosphate in the hydroxyapatite phase as in bone. The in vivo
biocompatibility of the PVA/BCP scaffold was tested by comparing the blood count with the
normal range of blood in rabbits. After 14 days, the Blood Urea, Creatinine, A total of Bilirubin,
and Lymphocytes were higher than the control.

Conclusion:

The addition of BCP powder has a positive effect on porosity and pore size. The
compression strength value increased significantly with the use of BCP from 2.12 to 5.29 MPa.
The scaffolds show good biodegradation and well bioactivity. The culture of the biomaterial
caused toxicity or an acute inflammatory response, as the blood test results showed that there was
infiltration of polymorphous leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts.
TREN ANGKA PARTISIPASI PENDIDIKAN SD DAN SMP DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Rachmawati Ani
Published: April 2022

This research aims to: 1. Describe the trend in the enrollment rate of SD and SMP in Gunungkidul; 2. Describe the policies and programs that have been provided by the Gunungkidul Government to increase enrollment rates for elementary and junior high schools; 3. Describe the follow-up action of the Gunungkidul Government after seeing the trend of elementary and junior high school enrollment rates in Gunungkidul Regency. This research uses descriptive quantitative research with secondary data analysis which is equipped with interview method. Analysis of the data using trend analysis of the number of least squares with the type of linear model and the equation Y = a + bx. The results of this study are: 1. The trend of GER for SD and SMP in 2019-2028 in Gunungkidul tends to decrease; 2. Policies and programs of the Gunungkidul Government through PIP, scholarships and social assistance, compulsory education movement programs, retrieval programs, google for education, and education and training for educators; 3. The Gunungkidul government is following up on the results of the SD and SMP GER trends by validating data, continuing effective programs, and maximizing retrieval programs. Keywords: trends, gross participation rate, primary school, junior high school, gunungkidul regency.
ADVOKASI ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN UNTUK MENGAKSES PENDIDIKAN OLEH PERKUMPULAN HARAPAN FIAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Amalia Ulfa Dwi
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan advokasi administrasi kependudukan serta faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat advokasi yang dilakukan oleh Perkumpulan Harapan Fian Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh: (1) langkah yang dilakukan oleh Harapan Fian yaitu, (a) Tahap Persiapan, menjaring orang-orang yang memiliki permasalahan dokumen administrasi kependudukan dan pencarian data untuk merancang strategi, (b) Tahap Pelaksanaan, melaksanakan strategi yang telah dirancang pada tahap persiapan, dan (c) Tahap Penilaian, menilai bahwa terdapat kesulitan dan hambatan dari instansi yang dituju. (2) Faktor pendukung: Harapan Fian menggunakan pendekatan yang sesuai dengan subjek dampingannya; data yang lengkap dan mendalam memudahkan proses; dan menjalin koalisi dengan komunitas yang selaras, serta Harapan Fian telah memiliki badan hukum sebagai sebuah perkumpulan. Faktor penghambatnya yaitu instansi sasaran terkadang cukup strict, perizinan RT dan RW yang terkadang sulit didapatkan, stigma negatif tentang orang di situasi jalanan, serta isu administrasi kependudukan yang masih minor. Kata kunci: Advokasi, Administrasi Kependudukan, dan Perkumpulan Harapan Fian
STRATEGI SEKOLAH DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KULTUR SEKOLAH ANTI BULLYING DI SMA NEGERI 2 WATES KULONPROGO
Authors: Maesaroh Erna
Published: April 2022

Abstrak             Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan mengenai strategi sekolah dalam mengembangkan kultur sekolah anti bullying di SMA Negeri 2 Wates. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bagian kesiswaan, guru BK, guru mata pelajaran, dan siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya strategi yang dilakukan sekolah dengan cara mengembangkan nilai-nilai anti bullying, dibuatnya program anti bullying, membiasakan warga sekolah untuk bersalaman menyapa dan berperilaku sopan, semua aktor warga sekolah dilibatkan dalam anti bullying, adanya artefak yang menunjang berupa pos satpam, ruang PIK-R, ruang bimbingan konseling, dan slogan anti bullying. Kata kunci: Strategi, Kultur Sekolah, Anti Bullying Abstract  This study aims to describe the school’s strategy in developing anti-bullying school culture in 2 Wates High School. This research used a qualitative approach descriptive method. The subjects of this research were the headmaster, deputy headmaster, for student affairs, conseling guidance teacher, subject teachers, and student. Data collection is done through observation, interview, and documentation. The research instrument uses observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation guidelines. Data analysis techniques use an interactive model of Miles and Huberman that is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the school has a strategy in developing anti-bullying school culture. These strategies include: the development of anti-bullying values, there are programs or activities created, accoustom the school community every day to shake hands, greet and behave politely. Supporting artifacts, namely security post, PIK-R room, counselimg guidance room, and anti-bullying slogan. Keywords: Strategy, School Culture, Anti-Bullying
Co-administration of Zingiber officinale Extract and Sodium Valproate Ameliorates Seizure Severity, Cognitive Deficit, and Neuronal Cell Loss in Pentylenetetrazole-kindled Mice
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria, Yakubu Musa Itopa , Danjamu Nahu Mohammed ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Magaji Mohammed Garba ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Malami Sani ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, Becker Axel ,   Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany, Abbas Medinat Yakubu ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Chindo Ben Ahmed ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Published: April 2022

Preparations of Zingiber officinale are used in Nigerian folk medicine to manage colds, pain, arthritis, nausea, and epilepsy. The ameliorative effects of co-administering aqueous Zingiber officinale extract (GE) and sodium valproate (SDV) on pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice were evaluated regarding cognitive deficits, neuronal cell loss, and seizure severity. GFAP was also quantified. Male mice were pretreated with GE (50 mg/kg), SDV (100 and 200 mg/kg), and GE + SDV before kindling. After kindling, the mice underwent a learning performance test. The animals received a challenge dose of pentylenetetrazole one week after kindling. The brains were excised one day after the challenge test and were processed for GFAP immunohistochemistry and histopathology. GE alone did not affect PTZ-kindled seizures. However, treatment with GE and SDV significantly improved learning performance and protected against neuronal cell loss in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. The level of astrocyte activation was reduced in the kindled group pretreated with the extract. The results obtained suggested that co-administration of GE and a low dose of SDV significantly ameliorated learning deficits and protected against neuronal cell loss, astrogliosis, and neuroinflammation, suggesting that GE might be a beneficial co-medication in the management of epilepsy.