bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erythromycin Regulates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Proinflammatory Mediator Release Through Sirtuin 1-Nuclear Factor κB Axis in Macrophages and Mice Lungs
Authors: Ma Nan , Deng Ting-Ting , Wang Qin , Luo Zhou-Ling , Zhu Cai-Feng , Qiu Ju-Feng , Tang Xiao-Juan , Huang Mei , Bai Jing , He Zhi-Yi , Zhong Xiao-Ning , Li Mei-Hua
Published: July 2019

Background: Macrolides have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress function, but their pharmacological regulation remains unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is redox-sensitive protein belongs to class III histone/protein deacetylases, SIRT1 regulates the acetylation/expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and is involved in the airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the effects of erythromycin (EM) on the SIRT1-NF-κB axis and NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines. Methods: Human macrophages were preincubated with EM and then treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The mice were treated by injecting drugs to gastric with EM before cigarette smoke exposure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by treated human macrophages were detected using flow cytometry. The expression of SIRT1 and NF-κB was analyzed by western blotting. SIRT1 and the RelA/p65 subunits of NF-κB interaction were detected by coimmunoprecipitation. We found that EM suppressed CSE-induced ROS released in human macrophages, which coincided with increases in SIRT1 protein expression in the macrophages and lungs of mice, resulting in suppressed ­NF-κB acetylation and expression correlated with a reduction of inflammatory mediators. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EM increased SIRT1, leading to acetylation/expression of NF-κB, and thereby decreasing cigarette smoke-driven NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine.
Test Administration Methods and Cognitive Test Scores in Older Adults with Hearing Loss
Authors: Shen Jing , Sherman Melissa , Souza Pamela E.
Published: July 2019

In light of the high prevalence of hearing loss and cognitive impairment in the aging population, it is important to know how cognitive tests should be administered for older adults with hearing loss. The purpose of the present study is to examine this question with a cognitive screening test and a working memory test. Specifically, we asked the following questions in 2 experiments. First, does a controlled amplification method affect cognitive test scores? Second, does test modality (visual vs. auditory) impact cognitive test scores? Three test administration conditions were created for both Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and working memory test (a word recognition and recall test): auditory amplified, auditory unamplified, and visual. The auditory administration was implemented through a computer program to control for presentation level while the visual condition was implemented through timed computer slides. Data were collected from older individuals with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. We did not find any effect of amplification or test modality on the total score of the cognitive screening test (i.e., MoCA). Amplification improved working memory performance as measured by word recall performance, but test modality (auditory vs. visual) did not. These results are consistent with literature in demonstrating a downstream effect of audibility on working memory performance. From a clinical perspective, these findings are informative for developing clinical administration protocols of these tests for older individuals with hearing loss.
Clinical and Demographical Characteristics of Familial Behçet’s Disease (Southeast Marmara Region)
Authors: Ceylan Kalın Zübeyde , Sarıcaoğlu Hayriye , Yazici Serkan , Aydoğan Kenan , Bülbül Başkan Emel
Published: July 2019

Background: Familial aggregation in Behçet’s disease (BD) has been reported in Turkish and Japanese populations. While the frequency of familial cases has been reported to be 2–5% worldwide, this rate reaches up to 15% in the Middle East. Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of familial BD cases followed in the BD polyclinic and to compare their clinical and demographic characteristics to those observed in sporadic cases. Methods: Data related to BD patients who were followed between 1995 and 2014 were collected from computerized archive records and were assessed for detailed family histories. Only first-degree relatives (brother, sister, mother, father, children) were considered to be cases of familial BD. Clinical and demographic ­features were retrieved. Our BD polyclinic is located in the Southeast Marmara Region in Turkey. Results: BD was detected in 36 first-degree relatives of 33 patients out of 840 patients with BD. A total of 45 patients were diagnosed as familial BD;23 were female, and 22 were male. In our patients, the incidence of familial BD was determined to be 3.9%. The rates for HLA-B5 positivity, ocular involvement, genital ulcers, and erythema nodosum were determined to be 86.6% (26/30), 26.6%, 82.2%, and 60%, respectively. None of the patients had neurological involvement, but 2 had vascular involvement. Conclusion: This study may contribute to the epidemiological data of BD from Turkey.
Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Condylomata Acuminata: An Austrian Cohort Study
Authors: Juelg Elisabeth , Busch Michaela , Lueger Andrea , Guenova Emmanuella , Schuetz-Bergmayr Martina , Hoetzenecker Wolfram
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Condylomata acuminata are caused by various genotypes of human papilloma viruses (HPV). Methods: We assessed the frequency of 33 different HPV DNA types in 49 patients with condylomata acuminata by the polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: Forty-two percent of the patients were infected with low-risk genotypes, and 21% of the patients tested positive for high-risk genotypes. Multiple infections with low- and high-risk genotypes were detectable in 36% of the patients. Conclusion: As our results are in line with previous large-scale reports, our data might serve as a basis for monitoring the efficacy of HPV vaccination in Austria.
The Prognostic Value of the Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme Brain Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients Treated with Combined Modality Surgery, Radiation Therapy, and Temozolomide Chemotherapy
Authors: Brenner Agam , Friger Michael , Geffen David B. , Kaisman-Elbaz Tehila , Lavrenkov Konstantin
Published: July 2019

Background: Recent studies have shown that the peripheral blood pretreatment neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic measure in various cancers. The few studies evaluating NLR in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients yielded inconsistent results. Objectives: The primary objective of our study was to test the ability of pretreatment NLR to predict the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with GBM treated by combined modality therapy (surgery, radiation, and temozolomide chemotherapy). A secondary objective was to evaluate the toxicity of the combined modality protocol in a consecutive series of patients treated in our center, in the context of a real-world universal health-care setting. Methods: We analyzed 89 patients with GBM in a retrospective cohort analysis who were treated in Soroka University Medical Center’s Oncology Department between the years 2005–2016. We analyzed NLR as a dichotomous variable at 3 cut-off points, 2.5, 3 and 4, as a predictor of OS and PFS. Methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter was not determined. Results: No significant correlation was found between NLR and either OS or PFS. Factors that predicted a shorter OS were age and extent of surgery. Patients over 70 years of age had a statistically significant shorter OS, 12.5 months (95% CI: 10.4–14.5 months) versus 17.6 months (95% CI: 14.2–21.1 months) in those 70 years of age and younger (p = 0.004). The OS of patients undergoing partial resection (12.7 months 95% CI: 8.3–17.1 months) or biopsy only (9.3 months 95% CI: 7.8–24.6 months), was significantly shorter than that of patients undergoing total resection (18.9 months, 95% CI: 11.8–26.0 months; p = 0.035). There were no treatment-related deaths. The most common grade III–IV toxicities were thrombocytopenia, 12.4%, and fatigue, 13.5%. Conclusions: In our cohort of GBM patients treated with combined modality therapy, pretreatment NLR was not prognostic. Toxicity of treatment was acceptable. Investigation of the NLR with larger groups of patients selected by MGMT status is warranted.
Die Allianz als Prädiktor für den Therapieerfolg internetbasierter Interventionen bei psychischen Störungen: Eine korrelative Metaanalyse
Authors: Probst Greta Helene , Berger Thomas , Flückiger Christoph
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund: Die therapeutische Beziehung zwischen Patient*in und Therapeut*in (Allianz) in herkömmlichen Face-to-Face-Interventionen ist einer der am meisten untersuchten Faktoren der Psychotherapie und ein robuster Prädiktor des Therapieerfolgs. Zahlreiche Forschungsergebnisse weisen bei internetbasierten Ansätzen, die einen Kontakt mit Fachleuten beinhalten, auf gute bis sehr gute Behandlungseffekte hin. Bezüglich der Bedeutung der Allianz für den Therapieerfolg internetbasierter Interventionen werden jedoch uneinheitliche Ergebnisse diskutiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Metaanalyse ist, den Zusammenhang zwi­schen Allianz und Therapieerfolg internetbasierter Interventionen systematisch zu untersuchen. Material und Metho­de: Durch die systematische Literaturrecherche konnten 18 Studien zu internetbasierten Interventionen mit 23 unabhängigen Stichproben und 1’177 Teilnehmenden eingeschlossen werden. Ergebnisse: Die gewichtete durchschnitt­liche Gesamt-Effektstärke betrug r = 0,252, p < 0,001, 95% CI [0,19, 0,31], was einen moderaten Zusammenhang mit einer Varianzaufklärung von ungefähr 6% hinsichtlich des Therapieerfolgs darstellt. Dabei war die Übereinstimmung zwischen Patient*in und Therapeut*in bezüglich der Aufgaben innerhalb der Behandlung (rtask = 0,28) leicht prädiktiver für den Therapieerfolg als die emotionale Bindung zum*zur Therapeut*in (rbond = 0,16; QM(3) = 26,85, p < 0,001). Die Effektstärken zeigten sich homogen und es wurden keine signifikanten Moderator-Variablen identifiziert. Diskussionen und Schlussfolgerung: Auch bei internetbasierten Interventionen kommt der Allianz eine wichtige Rolle in Bezug auf den Therapieerfolg zu.
A Triple-Drug Blister-Packaged Drug with Vonoprazan Improves First-Line Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Nishida Tsutomu , Tsujii Yuri , Okamoto Akino , Tomita Ryo , Higaki Yu , Osugi Naoto , Sugimoto Aya , Takahashi Kei , Mukai Kaori , Nakamatsu Dai , Matsubara Tokuhiro , Hayashi Shiro , Yamamoto Masashi , Nakajima Sachiko , Fukui Koji , Inada Masami
Published: July 2019

Background: A blister-packaged drug might be useful to enhance the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. We investigated the effect of a blister-packaged drug for H. pylori eradication. Methods: We treated 1,758 patients with H. pylori infections and evaluated the successful eradication rate in patients who underwent first-line eradication between January 2013 and May 2018. Treatments included a conventional proton pump inhibitor (PPI) blister-packaged drug containing lansoprazole or rabeprazole with clarithromycin (CAM) and amoxicillin (AC), vonoprazan (VPZ) with CAM and AC in a separate tablet, or a VPZ blister-packaged drug (VONOSAP) containing VPZ with CAM and AC, with all drugs given twice daily for 7 days. Results: Finally, we evaluated 1,263 patients (conventional PPI: n = 644, VPZ: n = 326, and VONOSAP: n = 293). The overall successful eradication rates were 71.9% in the conventional PPI group, 90.2% in the VPZ group, and 92.2% in the VONOSAP group. There was a significantly lower eradication rate in the PPI group than in the VPZ and VONOSAP (p < 0.00001, p < 0.0001) groups, but there was no significant difference between the VPZ and VONOSAP groups (p = 0.4006). We enrolled a total of 256 age- and gender-matched patients in the VPZ and VONOSAP groups, and both groups had successful eradication rates of approximately 90% (89.8 vs. 90.4%, respectively, p = 0.7641). After analyzing the subgroup of patients older than 75 years, there was a significant treatment benefit of VONOSAP but not of VPZ in elderly patients (EPs). Conclusion: Triple-drug blister-packaged drugs including VPZ may improve the first-line eradication of H. pylori in EPs.
O conjunto Jardim Ana Rosa e o Weissenhofsiedlung: aproximações
Authors: Abrahão Sergio Luís , Baffi Mirthes Ivany Soares
Published: July 2019

Idealizado pelo Werkbund alemão, o conjunto Weissenhofsiedlung, tornou-se um marco para a Nova Arquitetura e informou os debates que tiveram lugar nos primeiros Congressos Internacionais de Arquitetura Moderna. Por sua vez, o conjunto Jardim Ana Rosa, construído pelo Banco Lar Brasileiro, na cidade de São Paulo tornou-se, 30 anos depois da experiência alemã, um significativo exemplar de arquitetura moderna voltado para a classe média. Este trabalho adota como ponto de partida a difundida influência do Weissenhofsiedlung sobre o conjunto Jardim Ana Rosa, para buscar as principais evidencias que a experiência brasileira traz daquela pioneira experiência alemã.
Abordagem restauradora estética e conservadora para o fechamento de diastemas múltiplos após tratamento ortodôntico
Authors: Scotti Cassiana Koch , Velo Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos , Michellin Martha Beteguelli , Zabeu Giovanna Speranza , Jalkh Ernesto Benalcázar , Bombonatti Juliana Fraga Soares , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia
Published: July 2019

Objetivos: A presença de diastemas múltiplos na região anterior compromete a estética do sorriso e a harmonia da face, podendo interferir severamente na qualidade de vida do paciente. Este relato clínico tem como objetivo abordar uma técnica restauradora direta e conservadora para a resolução estética de diastemas anteriores múltiplos, empregando resina composta e abordando os princípios restauradores para maior previsibilidade de resultado. Materiais e métodos: O tratamento consistiu no clareamento caseiro com gel à base de peróxido de carbamida 16% durante 14 dias por três horas diárias. Após moldagem e obtenção dos modelos de gesso, o enceramento de diagnóstico foi realizado e a guia palatina em silicone de condensação, obtida. As restaurações diretas em resina composta para o fechamento dos diastemas foram realizadas na cor E-bleaching L, D-bleaching e T-neutral (Opalis, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brasil), proporcionando o reposicionamento da linha média e conferindo adequada inclinação e alinhamento aos dentes anteriores. Após sete dias foi realizado o acabamento, RX final, remoção dos excessos e polimento das restaurações. Resultados: o controle clínico foi realizado periodicamente, mostrando resultado satisfatório após um ano e oito meses de acompanhamento. Conclusões: o conhecimento em relação aos materiais restauradores diretos e o domínio da técnica operatória promovem maior previsibilidade e melhor desempenho clínico das restaurações estéticas em resinas compostas.
Interferência de artefatos na detecção de fraturas radiculares verticais em dentes bovinos com núcleo metálico fundido em imagens tomográficas de feixe cônico
Authors: Cunha Marjorie Fonseca da , Panzarella Francine Kulh , Montesinos Gonzalo André , Araujo Juliane Pirágine , Raitz Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Objetivos: Avaliar a interferência de artefatos (beamhardening) na detecção de fratura radicular vertical por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, bem como a sensibilidade, a especificidade e a acurácia. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizadas 15 raízes de incisivos inferiores bovinos que, após a realização do tratamento endodôntico e desobturação de 10 mm, foram reabilitadas com núcleo metálico fundido, cuja cimentação foi efetuada com cimento de fosfato de zinco. Os exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico foram realizados antes (T0) e após (T1) a indução das fraturas, as quais foram avaliadas por dois examinadores, a fim de identificar a presença e a localização das fraturas radiculares, bem como a localização do beamhardening e sua interferência na detecção das fraturas radiculares verticais, utilizando o filtro Angio_Sharpen High 5X5. Resultados: O beamhardening foi observado em 100% das raízes e foi visualizado com mais frequência no terço radicular médio. Em ambos os momentos de avaliação (T0 e T1), os locais de beamhardening eram proporcionalmente os mesmos que os locais das fraturas, gerando diagnósticos positivos de fratura mesmo quando elas não existiam. Conclusões: A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico apresentou 78% de sensibilidade, 63% de especificidade e 68% de acurácia, demonstrando ser apenas um método auxiliar no diagnóstico de fraturas radiculares em dentes reabilitados com núcleo metálico fundido.
Civil Society and the Transition towards Socialism
Authors: Newman Simeon J. , Enríquez Laura J.
Published: July 2019

Research on East-Central Europe suggests that the transitions from state socialism to capitalism generated civil society. The present authors focus on the effects of a transition of the opposite variety: from capitalism towards state socialism. Both kinds of transitions are characterized by a disjuncture between enduring political economies and legitimate discourses calling for them to be changed. Marshaling qualitative and quantitative data, the authors demonstrate the existence, and assess the effects, of such a disjuncture in the case of Venezuela between circa 2000 and 2010. They examine a subset of rural civic organizations, showing that they referenced mutually-incompatible aspects of the disjointed state when developing their programs, leading them to within-class heterogeneity and occasional across-classes convergence, as is characteristic of pluralist civil society.
The Moral Evaluation of Past Tragedies: A New Puzzle
Authors: Smilansky Saul
Published: July 2019

The past is full of terrible tragedies, including slavery, World War I, and the Holocaust. Morality would clearly appear to support the preference that the victims of those calamities would have lived free and peaceful lives. And yet, a puzzle or even a paradox appears to be lurking here. Moral evaluation can be either personal or impersonal, yet neither one of these two perspectives, nor any other prevalent moral evaluation of events, appears to yield the morally expected conclusion. To the best of my knowledge this puzzle has not been discussed before. If there is no way to escape this surprising conclusion, then morality appears to be much more grim and unsympathetic than we normally think.
Fossil woods from the Eocene–Oligocene (Río Turbio Formation) of southwestern Patagonia (Santa Cruz province, Argentina)
Authors: Pujana Roberto R. , Ruiz Daniela P.
Published: July 2019

Over 80 samples of fossil woods were collected from numerous outcrops of the Río Turbio Formation, southwestern Patagonia. Preservation of the woods is variable and only about half of these samples could be identified to genus level. The assemblage consists of six types of conifers and four types of dicotyledons, one of them a new species of Caldcluvioxylon (Cunoniaceae). We provide an emended diagnosis of Caldcluvioxylon. A previously described fossil wood from this stratigraphic unit, thought to have affinity with Proteaceae, was re-examined and is described herein as Scalarixylon romeroi sp.nov. Other families recognized in the Río Turbio Formation wood assemblage are Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Nothofagaceae. Differences in the taxonomic composition of the upper and lower members of the Río Turbio Formation are consistent with the age difference between them according to recent isotopic dating. The diversity of fossil wood is also consistent with the fossil leaves and pollen from each stratigraphic level and most of the taxa are shared with coeval Antarctic fossil wood floras.
Studying Crime and Place with the Crime Open Database
Authors: Ashby M. P. J.
Published: July 2019

The study of spatial and temporal crime patterns is important for both academic understanding of crime-generating processes and for policies aimed at reducing crime. However, studying crime and place is often made more difficult by restrictions on access to appropriate crime data. This means understanding of many spatio-temporal crime patterns are limited to data from a single geographic setting, and there are few attempts at replication. This article introduces the Crime Open Database (code), a database of 16 million offenses from 10 of the largest United States cities over 11 years and more than 60 offense types. Open crime data were obtained from each city, having been published in multiple incompatible formats. The data were processed to harmonize geographic co-ordinates, dates and times, offense categories and location types, as well as adding census and other geographic identifiers. The resulting database allows the wider study of spatio-temporal patterns of crime across multiple US cities, allowing greater understanding of variations in the relationships between crime and place across different settings, as well as facilitating replication of research.
Clinopodium kallaricum—an unexpected new member of the tropical African C. simense group from flora of Iran
Authors: BORDBAR FIROUZEH , MIRTADZADINI MANSOUR
Published: July 2019

In this study, the taxonomic placement of Satureja kallarica from Zagros mountain range of Iran is assessed using sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and the plastid trnL-F and matK regions. The findings are discussed on a morphological background. In consequence the species is formally transferred to the genus Clinopodium. It falls into the Clinopodium simense group which was so far restricted to tropical Africa.
Trichoptera of the Biosphere Reserve Montes Azules, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: BARBA-ALVAREZ RAFAEL , BUENO-SORIA JOAQUÍN , RAMÍREZ-MARTÍNEZ CARLOS
Published: July 2019

The Trichoptera fauna of Río Lacantún, Río Tzendales, and Arroyo José in the Biosphere Reserve Montes Azules, Chiapas, México, was surveyed from August 2012 to April 2015. In this study 70 species were recorded in the area, 20 were new records for the State of Chiapas. The new records included in this study are: Synoestropsis punctipennis Ulmer, 1905;  Plectropsyche hoogstraali Ross, 1947  (Hydropsychidae); Protoptila cristula Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006;  Protoptila mayana Flint, 1974 (Glossosomatidae); Oxyethira janella Denning, 1948; Mayatrichia ayama Mosely, 1937; Neotrichia jarochita Bueno, 1999;  Neotrichia minutisimella (Chambers, 1873); Hydroptila furtiva Bueno, 1984; Ochrotrichia involuta Bueno & Holzenthal, 2004; Ochrotrichia stylata (Ross, 1938); Ochrotrichia tarsalis (Hagen, 1861) (Hydroptilidae);  Nectopsyche punctata (Ulmer, 1905);  Oecetis metlacensis Bueno, 1981; Oecetis angularis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014 (Leptoceridae) ; Chimarra (Ch.) colmillo Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992 (Philopotamidae); Cernotina zanclana Ross, 1951;  Polyplectropus kylistos Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010;  Polyplectropus oaxaquensis Bueno, 1990 (Polycentropodidae); and Marilia crea Mosely, 1949 (Odontoceridae). Among the specimens collected in the area, the dominant species was Smicridea lobata (Ulmer, 1909), whereas the rare species was Neotrichia minutisimella (Chambers, 1873).
Evaluation of the conservation requirements of Trichoptera from the Tsitsikamma mountain streams in South Africa

Authors: DE MOOR FERDINAND C. , BELLINGAN TERENCE A.
Published: July 2019

A four-season survey of Trichoptera between April 2008 and January 2009, from 20 sites in 11 rivers flowing off the Tsitsikamma mountains in the Eastern and Western Cape, collected 42,683 adults and 6741 larvae, comprising 48 species in 22 genera and 12 families. Trichoptera were the numerically dominant freshwater macroinvertebrate taxon. Of the species collected, 15 are recognised regional Cape Floristic Realm (CFR) endemics. Some specimens of Trichoptera that could not be recognised as described species are now the subject of further studies. Distinct differences between rivers, in terms of species composition of Trichoptera, were noted. The variation in species composition can be partially explained by the physicochemical and ecological attributes of the rivers surveyed. Anthropogenic disturbances were noted in most of the lower reaches of the rivers. The upper reaches of the rivers could be statistically grouped together and thus be considered as a unit for conservation. The highest diversity, 25 species, was recorded from the pristine upper reaches of the Bobbejaans River. An evaluation of conservation requirements identified a number of threats: increased loads of fine sediment and nutrients, higher water temperature regimes, and changes to pH, from the natural acid (pH < 5.5) to neutral or alkaline conditions. Changes in any of these would be detrimental to the survival of many of the endemic Trichoptera in the CFR, and all of these changes would be exacerbated by decreased water-flow volumes. It is thus important to limit the levels of water abstraction from these rivers: to ensure the maintenance of cool temperature and acidic pH regimes while limiting nutrient levels in the rivers. To maintain conservation of the lower reaches of the rivers it is recommended that an ecologically-functional continuity with upstream reaches is maintained to enable the occupation of all zones of the rivers with a diversity of CFR freshwater endemic species. Some CFR Trichoptera were selected as indicators of favourable conditions for the survival and maintenance of viable populations of other CFR-endemic freshwater species.
A Preliminary Phylogeny of Rhyacophilidae with Reference to Fansipangana and the Monophyly of Rhyacophila

Authors: MCLAUGHLIN JULIANNE E. , FRANDSEN PAUL B. , MEY WOLFRAM , PAULS STEFFEN U.
Published: July 2019

The phylogeny of Rhyacophilidae was explored with 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Eighty one rhyacophilids were included in the analysis. We found that although Rhyacophilidae was recovered as monophyletic, intrafamilial relationships are not well-resolved using this dataset. Bootstrap support was poor for intrageneric relationships and additional data will be required to present a more robust hypothesis. The recovered phylogeny places Fansipangana as the sister taxon of the rest of Rhyacophilidae. We found that Himalopsyche was nested inside the genus Rhyacophila with the verrula group sister to Himalopsyche and remaining Rhyacophila. These results and possible relationships should be tested with a more extensive data set.
Review of the Orthotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) of Florida, with descriptions of previously unknown females of three species

Authors: HARRIS STEVEN C. , RASMUSSEN ANDREW K.
Published: July 2019

The genus Orthotrichia was last reviewed in 1961 by Kingsolver & Ross, but drawings of the males were primarily restricted to ventral views, and females of only one species was included.  The six species comprising the genus in North America are all known from Florida and extensive collecting throughout the state has allowed us to associate the females with the males.  With this paper, we provide new drawings and keys of the males and females of the Orthotrichia in Florida, which should be applicable to all of North America, and describe the females of O. curta Kingsolver & Ross, O. dentata Kingsolver & Ross, and O. instabilis Denning.
Undergraduate teaching of scientific concepts using DNA barcoding of Trichoptera
Authors: SHEVCHENKO JADE , YUNI ACHMAD BAKHTIAR M , FRANDSEN PAUL B.
Published: July 2019

Student instruction is often segregated into specific subjects, giving the impression that different areas of study are largely unrelated. Teaching in “silos” inhibits the formation of connections among subjects. An academic curriculum that integrates DNA barcoding can expose students to a wide variety of scientific concepts, technical skills, problem solving, and fieldwork. In an approach that emphasizes conceptual interconnections, students are instructed in methods of caddisfly collection, specimen vouchering, DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing of the COI barcode fragment, data curation in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), and phylogenetic analysis. Accompanying development of these technical skills are learning objectives which include recognizing that DNA comes from real organisms and consists of molecules that are a physical part of those organisms, rather than being an obtuse symbolic abstraction. Students learn to logically pull together concepts from multiple scientific fields, use them in a practical setting, and experience science more broadly as a unified and interconnected discipline.
Why are so many species based on a single specimen?
Authors: WELLS ALICE , JOHANSON KJELL ARNE , DOSTINE PETER
Published: July 2019

A considerable number of insect species, including Trichoptera, are described from a single specimen, also known as a 'unique' or a 'singleton'. We ask the question of whether this reflects failure to consider variation and related species, lack of collecting effort, or true rarity. In an attempt to answer this question we examine the available literature and data on the Trichoptera of Tasmania and New Caledonia. We note a low level of taxonomic synonymy among species in these faunas. Moreover, a significant proportion of species from Tasmania that were based originally on singletons have been re-collected subsequently, but this is not true for New Caledonia. The possible significance of these figures is considered following examination of data on diversity and abundance of Hydroptilidae collected by regular, standardised light trapping over almost two years at a northern Australian tropical stream. We conclude that quite a large proportion of the Trichoptera species based on singletons are rare, valid species, but for others the appearance of rarity may be a consequence of inadequate collecting, particular behavioural attributes of the species, including seasonality, and failure to consider fully the structural diversity of related species. Lastly, we discuss briefly the consequences of rarity, apparent or real, on conservation management.
Description of a new species of Platycoelia Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini) from Bolivia
Authors: SMITH ANDREW B. T.
Published: July 2019

The genus Platycoelia Dejean was recently revised (Smith 2003) but a new species was discovered afterward in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. With the addition of this new species, the genus Platycoelia now contains 63 species. Platycoelia is distributed from central Mexico to northern Argentina with most species occurring in middle and high elevational regions of the Andes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the new species, amend a couplet in the previously published key to Platycoelia to incorporate this new species, and to make additional comments and corrections to my 2003 revision.
A new species of bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkonidae) from Seram Island, Indonesia
Authors: OLIVER PAUL , EDGAR PAUL , _ MUMPUNI , ISKANDAR DJOKO T. , LILLEY RON
Published: July 2019

A new species of Cyrtodacylus is described from the island of Seram, Maluku Province, Indonesia. Cyrtodactylus nuaulu sp. nov. can be distinguished from other described Cyrtodactylus by the combination of moderate size, dorsal colouration consisting of relatively few large dark brown blotches, presence of a precloacal groove and whorls of dentate tubercles extending the length of the tail. The new species is the fourth reptile currently known only from Seram and surrounding islands, and the herpetofauna of this area appears to include a small but biogeographically significant endemic component.
Rediscovery, resurrection and redescription of Rhinella leptoscelis (Boulenger, 1912) (Anura: Bufonidae)
Authors: PADIAL JOSÉ M. , CHAPARRO JUAN C. , KÖHLER JÖRN , DE LA RIVA IGNACIO
Published: July 2019

We resurrect Rhinella leptoscelis (Anura: Bufonidae) from the synonymy of R. veraguensis and redescribe it on the basis of the holotype, and recently collected specimens from Peru and Bolivia. Rhinella leptoscelis is well distinguished from all other species of the R. veraguensis group by its flat head with well developed orbitotympanic and postorbital crests, distinct tympanum, large parotoid glands, spiny tubercles on dorsal surfaces, long and slender extremities, dorsolateral row of conical, enlarged and elevated tubercles, webbing absent on fingers, basal and serrated webbing between toes, and first finger longer than second. This species is known from the humid forests of the Amazonian versant of the Andes from central Bolivia to southern Peru.
A new ground-dwelling species of Cnemaspis Strauch (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Authors: GIRI VARAD B. , BAUER AARON M. , GAIKWAD KSHAMATA S.
Published: July 2019

A new species of gecko of the genus Cnemaspis is described from the forests of the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra. Cnemaspis kolhapurensis sp. nov. is diagnosable by the following combination of characters: dorsal scales homogenous, small and feebly keeled; no spine-like tubercles on flanks, ventrals smooth, imbricate, 20–23 scale rows across venter, between lowest rows of dorsal scales. Supralabial I narrowly contacting nasal. Paired postmentals separated by one or two enlarged gular scales. A continuous series of 24–28 precloacal-femoral pores. The continuous series of precloacal and femoral pores exhibited by this species is unique among Indian members of the genus.
Investigating Ostracism and Racial Microaggressions Toward Afro-Brazilians
Authors: DeSouza Eros R. , Wesselmann Eric D. , Taschetto Leonidas R. , Rosa Gabriel C. , Rosa Carla F. F. , Yunes Maria-Angela M. , da Silva Gilberto F. , Fernandes Grazielli
Published: July 2019

We examined two forms of social exclusion toward Afro-Brazilians commonly found in the United States, ostracism and racial microaggressions. We utilized a mixed-method (quantitative-experimental and qualitative) approach to investigate ostracism and a qualitative focus group approach to study racial microaggressions. In Study 1 ( n = 29), we experimentally investigated ostracism through a recall paradigm in which participants wrote about being either included or ostracized. An independent t test showed that participants in the ostracized condition reported significantly worse psychological outcomes than those in the included condition ( p < .001). We coded participants’ written responses by whether they included attributions of racial bias by experimental condition. A Pearson chi-square analysis ( p = .017) revealed that racial bias was mentioned in 75% of the cases in the ostracized condition. Studies 2a and 2b ( ns = 6 and 8, respectively) consisted of two focus groups in different regions of Brazil that asked participants about their experiences with racial microaggressions. We found similarities to previous microaggression categories identified in the United States, extending our understanding of how microaggressions evoke feelings of social exclusion, which also occur when someone is ostracized.
Improving parenting practices and development for young children in Rwanda: Results from a randomized control trial
Authors: Abimpaye Monique , Dusabe Caroline , Nzabonimpa Jean Providence , Ashford Richard , Pisani Lauren
Published: July 2019

It is well known that the first 1,000 days of life have long-lasting impact on a child’s cognitive, language, socio-emotional, and physical development, but there is little evidence from Rwanda about how to maximize parent–child interactions during these critical early years. Save the Children piloted the First Steps “Intera za Mbere” early childhood parenting education program in one district of Rwanda to promote healthy development through holistic parenting education. Using a cluster randomized control trial, we assessed outcomes of a 17-week parenting education on parenting skills and child development for families with children aged 6–36 months. Families were randomly allocated into three study groups: light touch ( n = 482), full intervention ( n = 482), and control ( n = 483) groups. We used a Kinyarwanda-adaptation of the validated Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), a Home Observation Measurement of the Environment-Short Form. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used for both the intention-to-treat analyses and more robust models controlling for ASQ form received, child gender, maternal education, number of children in the home, and baseline ASQ scores. Findings indicate that children in the light touch and full intervention groups were significantly more likely to meet the ASQ benchmarks than the control group in all developmental domains. The strong positive results from the light touch group are especially relevant to efforts to bring beneficial early childhood stimulation programs to scale in low-income contexts.
Meta-analysis: Effectiveness of Comprehensive Geriatric Care for Elderly Following Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Lin Shu-Ni , Su Shu-Fen , Yeh Wen-Ting
Published: July 2019

Hip fractures may increase mortality and decrease mobility in elderly patients. Effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric care (CGC) has not been verified. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted by searching full-text databases (1988–2018) of Cochrane Library, Clinical Key, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ProQuest for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CGC following hip fractures. Outcome measures were mortality, activities of daily living, hospital stay, and discharge to institutional setting. Cochrane RoB 2.0, Jadad Quality Score, and Group Reading Assessment were used for analysis. Of the 11 studies included, 8 examined mortality (effect size Z = 2.51, p = 0.01), 5 examined daily activities (effect size Z = 3.31, p = 0.0009), 7 examined length of hospital stay (effect size Z = 0.18, p = 0.85), and 5 examined discharged to an institutional setting (effect size Z = 0.81, p = 0.42). Results showed that CGC decreased mortality and improved daily living activities.
Factors Influencing Self-Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Bauer Wendy S. , Schiffman Rachel F.
Published: July 2019

Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) struggle with effective self-management, contributing to poor health outcomes and costly health care. More research is needed to understand the factors influencing COPD self-management better in order to improve outcomes and reduce health care costs for those living with this prevalent chronic illness. The purpose of this article is to describe factors influencing community-dwelling adults’ COPD self-management. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 people living with COPD. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach was used to analyze interview data, and it resulted in the identification of themes providing insight into COPD self-management as described by those living with the disease. Specifically, factors impacting engagement in treatment recommendations are described. These findings have implications for informing evidence-based recommendations for self-management support and improving the quality of care provided to those with COPD.
Microdosing psychedelics: More questions than answers? An overview and suggestions for future research
Authors: Kuypers Kim PC , Ng Livia , Erritzoe David , Knudsen Gitte M , Nichols Charles D , Nichols David E , Pani Luca , Soula Anaïs , Nutt David
Published: July 2019

Background:

In the past few years, the issue of ‘microdosing’ psychedelics has been openly discussed in the public arena where claims have been made about their positive effect on mood state and cognitive processes such as concentration. However, there are very few scientific studies that have specifically addressed this issue, and there is no agreed scientific consensus on what microdosing is.

Aim:

This critique paper is designed to address questions that need to be answered by future scientific studies and to offer guidelines for these studies.

Approach:

Owing to its proximity for a possible approval in clinical use and short-lasting pharmacokinetics, our focus is predominantly on psilocybin. Psilocybin is allegedly, next to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), one of the two most frequently used psychedelics to microdose. Where relevant and available, data for other psychedelic drugs are also mentioned.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that while most anecdotal reports focus on the positive experiences with microdosing, future research should also focus on potential risks of (multiple) administrations of a psychedelic in low doses. To that end, (pre)clinical studies including biological (e.g. heart rate, receptor turnover and occupancy) as well as cognitive (e.g. memory, attention) parameters have to be conducted and will shed light on the potential negative consequences microdosing could have.
Impact of epinephrine administration frequency in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a retrospective analysis in a tertiary hospital setting
Authors: Al-Mulhim Mohammed A. , Alshahrani Mohammed S. , Asonto Laila Perlas , Abdulhady Ahmad , Almutairi Talal M. , Hajji Mariam , Alrubaish Mohammed A. , Almulhim Khalid N. , Al-Sulaiman Mariam H. , Al-Qahtani Layla B.
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Epinephrine is recommended for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, whether epinephrine improves or adversely affects OHCA outcomes is controversial.

Objectives

This study aims to determine whether the frequency of epinephrine administration impacts OHCA patient survival.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of OHCA cases registered in the Emergency Department at King Fahd University Hospital, Saudi Arabia between 2005 and 2015. The primary outcomes were mortality and survival rates until discharge. The impact of epinephrine administration timing and frequency on patient survival was analyzed.

Results

Data from 300 OHCA cases were analyzed. Among them, 66.3% were men, and the overall mean age of 50.4 ± 20.6 years. The overall survival rate until hospital discharge was 12%. There was no statistically significant difference between in gender, age, or time interval to the first epinephrine dose in the survival and non-survival groups. Only the number of epinephrine doses was related to the survival outcome.

Conclusion

Non-survivors received significantly more epinephrine doses compared with survivors. However, a causal relationship between OHCA patient survival and epinephrine dose and time cannot be confirmed. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the long-term outcomes in OHCA patients are influenced by the timing and frequency of epinephrine administration.
Effects of physical therapy on mental function in patients with stroke
Authors: Yuan Shanqi , He Yanping
Published: July 2019

Objective

In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of physical therapy intervention on mental function in patients with stroke.

Methods

In this retrospective experimental study, we included 134 patients previously diagnosed with anxiety and depression who presented to our outdoor physical therapy clinic with hemiplegia owing to stroke during 2016 to 2018. The main interventions were neurodevelopmental techniques, strength training, stationary cycling, and shoulder wheel exercise. The treatment duration was 6 months, 5 days a week. Key outcome measurement tools included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and Functional Independent Measure (FIM). Baseline and post-interventional measurements were compared using a paired-sample t-test.

Results

Baseline scores on the PHQ-9, DRS, and FIM were 24.77±1.24, 19.67±1.25, and 20.77±1.74, respectively; post-intervention scores on these three scales were 9.08±0.49, 7.78±1.49, and 82.52±10.03 respectively. In the comparison, significant differences were observed between baseline and post-interventional scores.

Conclusion

We found that physiotherapy interventions improved motor function in patients with stroke as well as their mental function. Patients with stroke with impaired mental function can improve by participating in a physiotherapy treatment program.
The Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 rs2073547 polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population
Authors: Huang Zhenxing , Tan Ruyin , Meng Liheng , Yang Haiyan , Liang Xinghuan , Qin Yingfen , Luo Zuojie
Published: July 2019

Objective

To explore the association between Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 gene ( NPC1L1) single nucleotide polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Chinese population.

Methods

Using propensity score matching, 490 T2DM patients and 490 matched controls were recruited from 13 communities in Guangxi, China. NPC1L1 rs217386 and rs2073547 genotyping was performed using a MassARRAY system.

Results

The rs2073547 genotype distribution differed significantly among patient groups. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were similar among different rs2073547 genotypes and alleles. The rs2073547 AG genotype was significantly more prevalent in patients with T2DM. After adjusting for risk or protective factors for diabetes, AG and GG+AG genotypes of rs2073547 were associated with significantly increased risks of T2DM. Compared with the AA genotype, the AG genotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of T2DM in participants with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) <45 U/L, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg, or triglyceride <1.70 mmol/L. In participants with GGT <45 U/L or SBP ≥140 mmHg, the GG+AG genotype was associated with a significantly higher T2DM risk versus the AA genotype.

Conclusions

The rs2073547 polymorphism of NPC1L1 may be related to T2DM susceptibility in the Chinese population.
David’s spiritual walls and conceptual blending in Psalm 51
Authors: Ross William A
Published: July 2019

Owing to the apparent topical disjunction of the final two verses of Psalm 51, many commentators consider them a later addition, particularly given the attitude toward sacrifice and the reference to Jerusalem’s walls. By taking a cognitive linguistic approach, particularly applying Fauconnier and Turner’s theory of conceptual blending, this article demonstrates the unity of the Psalm as a discourse unit. Additionally, this article builds upon literary structural analyses of others to suggest the complementarity of the cognitive linguistic and literary approaches. This analysis of Psalm 51 as a whole demonstrates that, not only do vv. 20–21 cohere with the entire psalm, they do so by interacting with vv. 18–19 to build meaning from a single conceptual blend network, one that depends upon the conceptual structures prompted by the narrative setting throughout the discourse. On this reading, David himself is Zion/Jerusalem whose damaged spiritual walls require restoration by Yhwh as a builder.
A study on the platform-pitching vibration of floating offshore wind turbines based on classical control theory
Authors: Kakuya Hiromu , Yoshida Shigeo , Sato Iku , Utsunomiya Tomoaki
Published: July 2019

One of the issues of floating offshore wind turbines is the platform-pitching vibration generated by the blade pitch angle motion of the variable speed control. This study investigated the platform-pitching vibration based on the classical control theory using a transfer function between the generator speed and the nacelle pitch angle. This study also investigated the impact of the floating platform vibration control, which can suppress the vibration by adjusting the blade pitch angle according to the nacelle pitch angle, by using a transfer function to which floating platform vibration control is added. The stabilities of these transfer functions were determined using the Nyquist stability criterion, and the impact of the floating platform vibration control parameters was investigated using Bode diagrams.