bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The State of Overuse Measurement
Authors: Chan Kitty S. , Chang Eva , Nassery Najlla , Chang Hsien-Yen , Segal Jodi B.
Published: June 2013

Health care overuse contributes to unnecessary expenditures and patient exposure to harm. Understanding and addressing this problem requires a comprehensive set of valid metrics. This article describes and critiques the current state of overuse measurement through a review of the published and gray literature, measures clearinghouses and ongoing work by major measure developers. Our review identified 37 fully specified measures and 123 measurement development opportunities. Many services were considered overuse due to the extension of diagnostic or screening services to low-risk populations. There were more diagnostic or therapeutic overuse measures than for screening or monitoring/surveillance. Imaging services is a major focus of current measures, but opportunities exist to expand overuse measurement in medication, laboratory services. Future development of overuse measures would benefit from new empirical research and clinical guidelines focused on identifying indications or populations for which there is likely to be no or low benefit.
Matrix Vaccination Guidelines
Authors: Hosie Margaret J , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview: This article presents, in a user-friendly, tabluated form, the ABCD’s current vaccination recommendations for four broad categories of cats: outdoor cats (ie, those with access outdoors that come into contact with other cats outdoors); indoor cats (ie, those with no contact with other cats from outdoors); rescue shelter cats; and cats in breeding catteries. Note that it is not always possible to make a clear distinction between these various categories and the definition in any individual case is left up to the veterinary surgeon conducting the vaccination interview.
Aujeszky’s Disease/Pseudorabies in Cats
Authors: Thiry Etienne , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview: Although pseudorabies in swine – Aujeszky’s disease – has been eradicated from many pork-producing countries, the virus may still lurk in other vertebrate species and cause feline cases. Infection occurs through the ingestion of uncooked meat and organ material and presents as an acute encephalitis with a short incubation period and a rapidly fatal outcome. The ABCD considers this reason enough to include a review of this, now very rare, condition in this Special Issue.
Feline Viral Papillomatosis
Authors: Egberink Herman , Thiry Etienne , Möstl Karin , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Hartmann Katrin , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic and cause cutaneous lesions in man and several animal species, including cats.

Infection:

Cats most likely become infected through lesions or abrasions of the skin. Species-specific viruses have been detected but human and bovine related sequences have also been found, suggesting cross-species transmission.

Clinical signs:

In cats, papillomaviruses are associated with four different skin lesions: hyperkeratotic plaques, which can progress into Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs) and further to invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs); cutaneous fibropapillomas or feline sarcoids; and cutaneous papillomas. However, papillomaviruses have also been found in normal skin.

Diagnosis:

Papillomavirus-induced skin lesions can be diagnosed by demonstration of papillomavirus antigen in biopsies of skin lesions, or detection of papillomavirus-like particles by electron microscopy and papillomavirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Treatment:

Spontaneous regression might be expected. In cases of ISCC, complete excision should be considered if possible.
Leptospira Species Infection in Cats
Authors: Hartmann Katrin , Egberink Herman , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Lloret Albert , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease affecting a variety of domestic and wild animals as well as humans worldwide. Leptospirosis has been reported in over 150 mammalian species. It is considered an emerging infectious disease in humans and in dogs. Subclinically infected wild and domestic animals serve as reservoir hosts and are a potential source of infection for incidental hosts and humans.

Infection:

Reports of leptospirosis in cats are rare, but the importance of cats shedding Leptospira species and serving as a source of infection has recently gained attention. Leptospira species antibodies are commonly present in the feline population, and Leptospira species shedding of cats with outdoor exposure has been demonstrated. Cats mostly become infected through transmission from hunting rodents.

Significance:

The role of healthy carrier cats as a source of contamination, as well as the role of leptospires as a pathogen in cats, are likely underestimated.
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Cats
Authors: Hartmann Katrin , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Toxoplasma gondii infection is common in cats, but the clinical disease is rare. Up to 50% of cats, especially free-roaming ones, have antibodies indicating infection and the presence of cystic stages.

Disease signs:

Clinical signs only appear in few cats when they become immunosuppressed – in these situations cystic stages can be reactivated. Commonly affected are the central nervous system (CNS), muscles, lungs and eyes.

Human infection:

Cats can pose a risk for humans when they shed oocysts. However, this happens only once in their lifetime, usually only for 3–10 days after ingestion of tissue cysts. Thus, cats that have antibodies to T gondii no longer shed oocysts, and do not pose a risk to humans.
Babesiosis in Cats
Authors: Hartmann Katrin , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by parasites of the genus Babesia that belong to the Piroplasmida. The disease is named after the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeş. Babesiosis is also known as piroplasmosis (from Latin pirum, meaning ‘pear’, and plasma, ‘image, formation’).

Infection:

Babesiosis affects domestic and wild animals and humans worldwide. While the disease is recognised in dogs around the world, it is found only rarely in cats.

Human disease:

Babesia species are common blood parasites of mammals. Human babesiosis is uncommon, but more cases in people have been reported recently, most likely because of rising awareness.
The ethics of hospitality in changing journalism: A response to the rise of the anti-immigrant movement in Finnish media publicity
Authors: Horsti Karina , Nikunen Kaarina
Published: June 2013

This article examines the role of the media in the rise of nationalist populism in Finland. The interplay between social media and mainstream media has facilitated the emergence of anti-immigrant agendas into the public debate, which has strengthened nationalist populist politics, despite mainstream journalism following professional ethics of balanced reporting. The article concludes that the traditional journalistic framework of agenda setting is not morally adequate for the new fragmented media environment. It proposes the ethics of hospitality (Derrida, Silverstone) with an emphasis on transnationalism as a moral goal for a multi-ethnic public sphere where everyone has the right to voice concerns and to be heard. Therefore, journalism ethics should address how public debate can be organized in such a way that the principle of hospitality can be achieved. The framework of agenda setting can allow inhospitable discourses to flourish, as the Finnish example shows. Theorisation of hospitality is connected with the need for transnational and cosmopolitan agendas.
Sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes of men buying sex in Finland
Authors: Regushevskaya Elena , Haavio-Mannila Elina , Hemminki Elina
Published: June 2013

Aim: To study the sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes associated with buying sex among Finnish men residing in different areas of Finland. Methods: A population-based questionnaire survey among 18–74-year-old Finns in 1999 with a response rate among men of 38%. The data on 575 men were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The overall proportion of men ever having bought sex was 14%. Men who at the time of the survey were in the age group 30–39, aged 50 or over, with 13–15 years of educational study, entrepreneurs, and with high income, were more likely to have ever bought sex. Being married and living with a partner at the time of the study lowered the odds of ever having bought sex. The differences between the groups were mostly the same in all residential areas, though the strength and statistical significance varied. The exception was the association with education, which occurred only in small towns. The effect of attitudes to buying sex was strong and did not differ by area of residence. Conclusions: Many men with different sociodemographic characteristics reported having bought sex. There was no noticeable variation in the sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes of men having bought sex by the area of residence. More current research is needed on the motives and health consciousness of men buying sex.
Integrated building energy computational fluid dynamics simulation for estimating the energy-saving effect of energy recovery ventilator with CO2 demand-controlled ventilation system in office space
Authors: Fan Yunqing , Ito Kazuhide
Published: June 2013

As ventilation is one of the critical heat loads in an office space, the ventilation rate might be optimized to develop sustainable, low-energy buildings and a healthy indoor environment. To create comprehensive and optimized indoor environmental designs, a building energy simulation (BES)-computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-integrated simulation is used to provide accurate and informative prediction of the thermal and air-quality performance in buildings, especially in the design stage. With the aim of developing an optimization procedure for the ventilation rate, this paper presents simulations that integrates BES and CFD with CO2 demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) system, and applies them to a typical office space in Japan to optimize the ventilation rate through an energy recovery ventilator (ERV). The transient system control strategy is applied to two different airflow conditions in an office: a traditional ceiling supply system and an under-floor air distribution system. Compared with the fixed outdoor air intake rate, which is referred to as constant air volume ventilation, optimized ventilation systems associated with a CO2 DCV produces energy savings of 11.6% and 24.1%, respectively. The difference in the energy saving effects of the two ventilation systems is caused by the difference in the ventilation efficiency in the occupied zone. The ventilation rate and ventilation efficiency have a significant impact on the energy penalty of an ERV. Therefore, optimizing the ventilation rate according to a CO2 DCV system with an appropriate airflow pattern could contribute to both creating and maintaining a healthy, comfortable environment, in addition to saving energy.
My Diabetes My Way: an electronic personal health record for diabetes
Authors: Cunningham Scott G , Wake Deborah J , Waller Annalu , Morris Andrew D , Walker James
Published: June 2013

Background:

Diabetes prevalence in Scotland is increasing at approximately 4.6% annually, with figures currently at 247,278 (4.7%). Internet-based interventions have the potential to enhance self-management and shift the balance of power towards the patient. Electronic personal health records (ePHRs) have been identified as an ideal route to deliver these interventions, as outlined in the Department of Health Information Strategy.

Methods:

We developed a diabetes-focused, population-based ePHR for NHS Scotland. Data are sourced from primary, secondary and tertiary care via the national shared-electronic record, SCI-DC. Data are displayed alongside lay-descriptions and information links tailored to the patient’s needs.

Results:

3,391 individuals have registered to access their clinical data. In this largely self-selecting group, 31% have type 1 diabetes and 61% are male. 2,015 have completed the enrolment process and 861 have successfully logged in. By the end of 2012, the number of distinct users per month had risen to nearly 300.

Conclusions:

The system is now a useful additional component for the self-management of diabetes. Although the system has been developed for, and by, stakeholders from across Scotland, it has the potential to connect to any electronic medical record. The current project is expected to reach over 5,000 patients by the end of 2013.
A proposed decision-making model for evaluating a container’s security score
Authors: Riahi Ramin , Li Kevin , Robertson Iain , Jenkinson Ian , Bonsall Steve , Wang Jin
Published: June 2013

A container supply chain includes a large number of stakeholders who can physically come into contact with containers and their contents and are potentially related with the container trade and transportation. Security-based disruptions can occur at various points along the supply chain. Experience has shown that a limited percentage of inspection, coupled with a targeted approach based on risk analysis, can provide an acceptable security level. Thus, in order to not hamper the logistics process in an intolerable manner, the number of physical checks should be chosen cautiously. The aim of this article is to employ a set of data elements (i.e. an importer security filling, shipping documents, the value of an ocean or a sea carrier’s reliability, the security scores of various commercial operators and their premises) to exploit a mathematical decision-making model for evaluating a container’s security score. For evaluating a container’s security score, a combination of different decision-making techniques such as Bayesian network and analytic hierarchy process is used. The methodology developed has been applied to a case study in order to demonstrate the process involved. Accordingly, the control options to avoid unnecessary delays and security scanning in dealing with containers are suggested.
A Modified Approach to Component Separation Using Biologic Graft as a Load-Sharing Onlay Reinforcement for the Repair of Complex Ventral Hernia
Authors: Singh Devinder P. , Zahiri Hamid R. , Gastman Brian , Holton L. H. , Stromberg Jeffrey A. , Chopra Karan , Wang Howard D. , Condé Green Alexandra , Silverman Ronald P.
Published: June 2013

Background. Components separation has been proposed as a means to close large ventral hernia without undue tension. We report a modification on open components separation that allows for the incorporation of onlaid noncrosslinked porcine acellular dermal matrix (Strattice, LifeCell Corp, Branchburg, NJ) as a load-sharing structure. Methods. This was a retrospective case series including all cases using Strattice from July 2008 through December 2009. Data evaluated included patient demographics, comorbidities associated with risk of recurrence, hernia grade, and postoperative complications. The primary outcomes were hernia recurrence and surgical site occurrences. Results. There were 58 patients; 60.8% presented with a recurrent incisional hernia. Average length of follow-up was 384 days. There were 4 hernia recurrences (7.9%). Complications included surgical site infection (20.7%), seroma (15.5%), and hematoma (5%) requiring intervention. Four deaths occurred in the series due to causes unrelated to the hernia repair, only 1 within 30 days of operation. Conclusions. This series demonstrates that components separation reinforced with noncrosslinked porcine acellular dermal matrix onlay is an efficacious, single-stage repair with a low rate of recurrence and surgical site occurrences.
Ganoderma lucidum stimulates NK cell cytotoxicity by inducing NKG2D/NCR activation and secretion of perforin and granulysin
Authors: Chang Chih-Jung , Chen Yi-Yuan M , Lu Chia-Chen , Lin Chuan-Sheng , Martel Jan , Tsai Sheng-Hui , Ko Yun-Fei , Huang Tsung-Teng , Ojcius David M , Young John D , Lai Hsin-Chih
Published: June 2013

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a medicinal mushroom long used in Asia as a folk remedy to promote health and longevity. Recent studies indicate that G. lucidum activates NK cells, but the molecular mechanism underlying this effect has not been studied so far. To address this question, we prepared a water extract of G. lucidum and examined its effect on NK cells. We observed that G. lucidum treatment increases NK cell cytotoxicity by stimulating secretion of perforin and granulysin. The mechanism of activation involves an increased expression of NKG2D and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), as well as increased phosphorylation of intracellular MAPKs. Our results indicate that G. lucidum induces NK cell cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines by activating NKG2D/NCR receptors and MAPK signaling pathways, which together culminate in exocytosis of perforin and granulysin. These observations provide a cellular and molecular mechanism to account for the reported anticancer effects of G. lucidum extracts in humans.
Political Responses to Religious Diversity in Ancient and Modern India
Authors: Bhargava Rajeev
Published: June 2013

One of the distinctive features of the Indian sub-continent is its rich religious diversity. This article examines two political responses to religious diversity, one, in third century BCE and the other in the middle of the last century as India became independent from British colonial rule. In Ancient India, Emperor Asoka issued edicts that advised people of all religious faiths to live together and claimed that the condition of sociability are fulfilled by all religious perspectives as each values self-restraint and self-purification. In the public arena, this translates into restraint of speech and civility towards one another. Modern India presented an entirely different scenario. Here the state had to respond to well demarcated, often conflicting religious communities, each of whom, was at least partially committed to freedom and equality-oriented reforms. This necessitated that the state take a somewhat combative stance towards both inter and intra-religious domination. The article argues that the only way in which to undermine these forms of domination is that the state adopts a policy of principled distance towards all religions.
Politics of Governance: A Study of Gujarat
Authors: Shah Ghanshyam
Published: June 2013

This article is a study of political economy of Gujarat in the context of the issues pertaining to ‘good governance’. The article reviews Gujarat’s socio-economic development with respect to key indicators of environment, health, education and welfare programmes. It presents an argument that overall economic growth alone is not the adequate criterion for assessing good governance. Rather, broader issues of human development, reach and depth of welfare programmes and the approach informing the economic policy constitute the core bases for the assessment of a state’s claims to good governance. Gujarat, one of the states of the Indian union, is seen as a developed state that has made considerable progress in more recent times in the direction of good governance. This article seeks to critically examine this impression.
Recurrent Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome of Tuberculous Brain Infection in People Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Krishnaraj Raja , Chokkalingam Chandrasekar , Krishnarajasekhar O. R. , Narayanan Ravichandran , Sadagopan Kumar , Ayyamperumal Mahilmaran
Published: June 2013

HIV infection has changed the scenario of infectious disease. HIV-associated immunodeficiency resulted in a wide spectrum of new opportunistic infections. After introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) became an important challenge in management of 10% to 25% of the patients. Meta-analyses of IRIS from various reports published worldwide by Monika Muller et al described 12% IRIS incidence and 15.7% IRIS tuberculosis. Among IRIS tuberculosis, central nervous system involvement with IRIS tuberculous meningitis forms only 7%. Only 9 cases of tuberculous brain abscess is reported in patients with AIDS so far. The IRIS tuberculous brain abscess is very rare, and so far only 1 case is reported as a paradoxical reaction after ART initiation. Here, we report a case of recurrent IRIS tuberculosis meningitis and brain abscess.
Comparison of vascular growth factors in the murine brain reveals placenta growth factor as prime candidate for CNS revascularization
Authors: Gaál Emília Ilona , Tammela Tuomas , Anisimov Andrey , Marbacher Serge , Honkanen Petri , Zarkada Georgia , Leppänen Veli-Matti , Tatlisumak Turgut , Hernesniemi Juha , Niemelä Mika , Alitalo Kari
Published: June 2013

Key Points

AAV-mediated gene transfer of vascular growth factors. Among 7 endothelial growth factors, PlGF has optimal properties for induction of new vessel growth without vascular leakage or inflammation in the brain.
European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: 2013
Authors: Baccarani Michele , Deininger Michael W. , Rosti Gianantonio , Hochhaus Andreas , Soverini Simona , Apperley Jane F. , Cervantes Francisco , Clark Richard E. , Cortes Jorge E. , Guilhot François , Hjorth-Hansen Henrik , Hughes Timothy P. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Kim Dong-Wook , Larson Richard A. , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Mahon François-Xavier , Martinelli Giovanni , Mayer Jiri , Müller Martin C. , Niederwieser Dietger , Pane Fabrizio , Radich Jerald P. , Rousselot Philippe , Saglio Giuseppe , Saußele Susanne , Schiffer Charles , Silver Richard , Simonsson Bengt , Steegmann Juan-Luis , Goldman John M. , Hehlmann Rüdiger
Published: June 2013

Advances in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment, particularly regarding tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mandate regular updating of concepts and management. A European LeukemiaNet expert panel reviewed prior and new studies to update recommendations made in 2009. We recommend as initial treatment imatinib, nilotinib, or dasatinib. Response is assessed with standardized real quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or cytogenetics at 3, 6, and 12 months. BCR-ABL1 transcript levels ≤10% at 3 months, <1% at 6 months, and ≤0.1% from 12 months onward define optimal response, whereas >10% at 6 months and >1% from 12 months onward define failure, mandating a change in treatment. Similarly, partial cytogenetic response (PCyR) at 3 months and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) from 6 months onward define optimal response, whereas no CyR (Philadelphia chromosome–positive [Ph+] >95%) at 3 months, less than PCyR at 6 months, and less than CCyR from 12 months onward define failure. Between optimal and failure, there is an intermediate warning zone requiring more frequent monitoring. Similar definitions are provided for response to second-line therapy. Specific recommendations are made for patients in the accelerated and blastic phases, and for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Optimal responders should continue therapy indefinitely, with careful surveillance, or they can be enrolled in controlled studies of treatment discontinuation once a deeper molecular response is achieved.
Identification of an intact ParaHox cluster with temporal colinearity but altered spatial colinearity in the hemichordate Ptychodera flava
Authors: Ikuta Tetsuro , Chen Yi-Chih , Annunziata Rossella , Ting Hsiu-Chi , Tung Che-huang , Koyanagi Ryo , Tagawa Kunifumi , Humphreys Tom , Fujiyama Asao , Saiga Hidetoshi , Satoh Nori , Yu Jr-Kai , Arnone Maria Ina , Su Yi-Hsien
Published: June 2013

Background

ParaHox and Hox genes are thought to have evolved from a common ancestral ProtoHox cluster or from tandem duplication prior to the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians. Similar to Hox clusters, chordate ParaHox genes including Gsx, Xlox, and Cdx, are clustered and their expression exhibits temporal and spatial colinearity. In non-chordate animals, however, studies on the genomic organization of ParaHox genes are limited to only a few animal taxa. Hemichordates, such as the Enteropneust acorn worms, have been used to gain insights into the origins of chordate characters. In this study, we investigated the genomic organization and expression of ParaHox genes in the indirect developing hemichordate acorn worm Ptychodera flava.

Results

We found that P. flava contains an intact ParaHox cluster with a similar arrangement to that of chordates. The temporal expression order of the P. flava ParaHox genes is the same as that of the chordate ParaHox genes. During embryogenesis, the spatial expression pattern of PfCdx in the posterior endoderm represents a conserved feature similar to the expression of its orthologs in other animals. On the other hand, PfXlox and PfGsx show a novel expression pattern in the blastopore. Nevertheless, during metamorphosis, PfXlox and PfCdx are expressed in the endoderm in a spatially staggered pattern similar to the situation in chordates.

Conclusions

Our study shows that P. flava ParaHox genes, despite forming an intact cluster, exhibit temporal colinearity but lose spatial colinearity during embryogenesis. During metamorphosis, partial spatial colinearity is retained in the transforming larva. These results strongly suggest that intact ParaHox gene clustering was retained in the deuterostome ancestor and is correlated with temporal colinearity.
Genome-wide association mapping of frost tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Visioni Andrea , Tondelli Alessandro , Francia Enrico , Pswarayi Alexander , Malosetti Marcos , Russell Joanne , Thomas William , Waugh Robbie , Pecchioni Nicola , Romagosa Ignacio , Comadran Jordi
Published: June 2013

Background

Frost tolerance is a key trait with economic and agronomic importance in barley because it is a major component of winter hardiness, and therefore limits the geographical distribution of the crop and the effective transfer of quality traits between spring and winter crop types. Three main frost tolerance QTL (Fr-H1, Fr-H2 and Fr-H3) have been identified from bi-parental genetic mapping but it can be argued that those mapping populations only capture a portion of the genetic diversity of the species. A genetically broad dataset consisting of 184 genotypes, representative of the barley gene pool cultivated in the Mediterranean basin over an extended time period, was genotyped with 1536 SNP markers. Frost tolerance phenotype scores were collected from two trial sites, Foradada (Spain) and Fiorenzuola (Italy) and combined with the genotypic data in genome wide association analyses (GWAS) using Eigenstrat and kinship approaches to account for population structure.

Results

GWAS analyses identified twelve and seven positive SNP associations at Foradada and Fiorenzuola, respectively, using Eigenstrat and six and four, respectively, using kinship. Linkage disequilibrium analyses of the significant SNP associations showed they are genetically independent. In the kinship analysis, two of the significant SNP associations were tightly linked to the Fr-H2 and HvBmy loci on chromosomes 5H and 4HL, respectively. The other significant kinship associations were located in genomic regions that have not previously been associated with cold stress.

Conclusions

Haplotype analysis revealed that most of the significant SNP loci are fixed in the winter or facultative types, while they are freely segregating within the un-adapted spring barley genepool. Although there is a major interest in detecting new variation to improve frost tolerance of available winter and facultative types, from a GWAS perspective, working within the un-adapted spring germplasm pool is an attractive alternative strategy which would minimize statistical issues, simplify the interpretation of the data and identify phenology independent genetic determinants of frost tolerance.
Ambulatory consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with antibacterial prophylaxis is associated with frequent bacteremia and the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistant E. Coli
Authors: Saini Lalit , Rostein Coleman , Atenafu Eshetu G , Brandwein Joseph M
Published: June 2013

Background

Ambulatory consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is frequently associated with bloodstream infections but the spectrum of bacterial pathogens in this setting has not been well-described.

Methods

We evaluated the emergence of bacteremias and their respective antibiotic susceptibility patterns in AML patients receiving ambulatory-based consolidation therapy. Following achievement of complete remission, 207 patients received the first cycle (C1), and 195 the second cycle (C2), of consolidation on an ambulatory basis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis consisted of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and fluconazole.

Results

There were significantly more positive blood cultures forE. coliin C2 as compared to C1 (10 vs. 1, p=0.0045); allE. colistrains for which susceptibility testing was performed demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin. In patients under age 60 there was a significantly higher rate ofStreptococccus spp. bacteremia in C2 vs. C1; despite amoxicillin prophylaxis allStreptococcusisolates in C2 were sensitive to penicillin. Patients withStaphylococcusbacteremia in C1 had significantly higher rates ofStaphylococcusbacteremia in C2 (p=0.009, OR=8.6).

Conclusions

For AML patients undergoing outpatient-based intensive consolidation chemotherapy with antibiotic prophylaxis, the second cycle is associated with higher rates of ciprofloxacin resistantE. coli, penicillin-sensitiveStreptococcusbacteremias and recurrentStaphylococcusinfections.
The water supply system as a potential source of fungal infection in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell units
Authors: Mesquita-Rocha Sabrina , Godoy-Martinez Patricio C , Gonçalves Sarah S , Urrutia Milton Daniel , Carlesse Fabianne , Seber Adriana , Silva Maria Aparecida Aguiar , Petrilli Antônio Sérgio , Colombo Arnaldo L
Published: June 2013

Background

We conducted a prospective study to investigate the presence of microfungal contamination in the water supply system of the Oncology Paediatric Institute, São Paulo – Brazil after the occurrence of one invasive Fusarium solani infection in a patient after Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). During a twelve-month period, we investigated the water supply system of the HSCT unit by monitoring a total of fourteen different collection sites.

Methods

One litre of water was collected in each location, filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane and cultured on SDA to detect the presence of filamentous fungi. Physicochemical analyses of samples were performed to evaluate the temperature, turbidity, pH, and the concentration of free residual chlorine.

Results

Over the 12 months of the study, 164 samples were collected from the water supply system of the HSCT unit, and 139 of the samples tested positive for filamentous fungi (84.8%), generating a total of 2,362 colonies. Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Purpureocillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were ranked as the most commonly found genera of mould in the collected samples. Of note, Fusarium solani complex isolates were obtained from 14 out of the 106 samples that were collected from tap water (mean of 20 CFU/L). There was a positive correlation between the total number of fungal CFU obtained in all cultures and both water turbidity and temperature parameters. Our findings emphasise the need for the establishment of strict measures to limit the exposure of high-risk patients to waterborne fungal propagules.

Conclusions

We were able to isolate a wide variety of filamentous fungi from the water of the HSCT unit where several immunocompromised patients are assisted.
Diagnostic accuracy of circulating tumor cells detection in gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Lanhua , Zhao Shushan , Liu Wei , Parchim Nicholas F , Huang Jin , Tang Youhong , Gan Pingping , Zhong Meizuo
Published: June 2013

Background

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection has previously been used for diagnosing gastric cancer. However, the previous studies failed to make an agreement whether the detection of CTCs contributes to the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the overall accuracy of CTCs detection for diagnosing gastric cancer. PubMed, Embase and the Wanfang database were searched in all languages published up to Oct 2012. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR, respectively), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve were calculated to evaluate the overall test performance.

Results

Twenty studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The diagnostic value of CTCs detection for the gastric cancer was calculated to evaluate the overall test performance. The summary estimates of The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21-0.67), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96-1.00), 58.2 (95% CI, 9.8-345.9), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.38-0.89), and 100 (95% CI, 15–663), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98). Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test found no evidence of study publication bias in the current study (P = 0.49).

Conclusion

This systematic review suggests that CTCs detection alone cannot be recommended as a screening test for gastric cancer. However, it might be used as a noninvasive method for the confirmation of the gastric cancer diagnosis.
The association between diet quality, dietary patterns and depression in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Quirk Shae E , Williams Lana J , O’Neil Adrienne , Pasco Julie A , Jacka Felice N , Housden Siobhan , Berk Michael , Brennan Sharon L
Published: June 2013

Background

Recent evidence suggests that diet modifies key biological factors associated with the development of depression; however, associations between diet quality and depression are not fully understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate existing evidence regarding the association between diet quality and depression.

Method

A computer-aided literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, January 1965 to October 2011, and a best-evidence analysis performed.

Results

Twenty-five studies from nine countries met eligibility criteria. Our best-evidence analyses found limited evidence to support an association between traditional diets (Mediterranean or Norwegian diets) and depression. We also observed a conflicting level of evidence for associations between (i) a traditional Japanese diet and depression, (ii) a “healthy” diet and depression, (iii) a Western diet and depression, and (iv) individuals with depression and the likelihood of eating a less healthy diet.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first review to synthesize and critically analyze evidence regarding diet quality, dietary patterns and depression. Further studies are urgently required to elucidate whether a true causal association exists.
Useful screening tools for preventing foot problems of diabetics in rural areas: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Chia-Hao , Peng Yun-Shing , Chang Chang-Cheng , Chen Mei-Yen
Published: June 2013

Background

Preventing diabetic foot problems (DFP) and their associated consequences is a critical in rural regions. The objective is to present an association of non-invasive DFP assessment tools and physiological indicators for early detection among rural cases of diabetes in Taiwan.

Methods

Secondary data analysis of 387 participants previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes was used. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), optimal scaling combination (OSC) of MNSI, and age were used to examine peripheral neurovascular function. The King’s College classification (KC) and Texas risk classification (TRC) were used to understand diabetic foot complications.

Results

The findings indicated that MNSI was negatively correlated with ABI, but positively with diabetes duration, age, KC, TRC, fasting blood glucose, low density of lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index and waist circumference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for assessing the risk of ABI based on OSC was larger than for MNSI, KC, and TRC.

Conclusion

It is shown that using OSC, MNSI, and ABI as community screening tools is useful in detecting early neurovasculopathy. In addition, where an ABI machine is unavailable, primary healthcare providers that perform MNSI or OSC may be cost-effective. The study was approved by the institutional review board of the ethical committee (No 98-2224-B).
Acceptability and adoption of handheld computer data collection for public health research in China: a case study
Authors: Wan Xia , Raymond H Fisher , Wen Tiancai , Ding Ding , Wang Qian , Shin Sanghyuk S , Yang Gonghuan , Chai Wanxing , Zhang Peng , Novotny Thomas E
Published: June 2013

Background

Handheld computers for data collection (HCDC) and management have become increasingly common in health research. However, current knowledge about the use of HCDC in health research in China is very limited. In this study, we administered a survey to a hard-to-reach population in China using HCDC and assessed the acceptability and adoption of HCDC in China.

Methods

Handheld computers operating Windows Mobile and Questionnaire Development Studio (QDS) software (Nova Research Company) were used for this survey. Questions on tobacco use and susceptibility were drawn from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and other validated instruments, and these were programmed in Chinese characters by local staff. We conducted a half-day training session for survey supervisors and a three-day training session for 20 interviewers and 9 supervisors. After the training, all trainees completed a self-assessment of their skill level using HCDC. The main study was implemented in fall 2010 in 10 sites, with data managed centrally in Beijing. Study interviewers completed a post-survey evaluation questionnaire on the acceptability and utility of HCDC in survey research.

Results

Twenty-nine trainees completed post-training surveys, and 20 interviewers completed post-data collection questionnaires. After training, more than 90% felt confident about their ability to collect survey data using HCDC, to transfer study data from a handheld computer to a laptop, and to encrypt the survey data file. After data collection, 80% of the interviewers thought data collection and management were easy and 60% of staff felt confident they could solve problems they might encounter. Overall, after data collection, nearly 70% of interviewers reported that they would prefer to use handheld computers for future surveys. More than half (55%) felt the HCDC was a particularly useful data collection tool for studies conducted in China.

Conclusions

We successfully conducted a health-related survey using HCDC. Using handheld computers for data collection was a feasible, acceptable, and preferred method by Chinese interviewers. Despite minor technical issues that occurred during data collection, HCDC is a promising methodology to be used in survey-based research in China.
Disparities in child mortality trends: what is the evidence from disadvantaged states in India? the case of Orissa and Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Nguyen Kim-Huong , Jimenez-Soto Eliana , Dayal Prarthna , Hodge Andrew
Published: June 2013

Introduction

The Millennium Development Goals prompted renewed international efforts to reduce under-five mortality and measure national progress. However, scant evidence exists about the distribution of child mortality at low sub-national levels, which in diverse and decentralized countries like India are required to inform policy-making. This study estimates changes in child mortality across a range of markers of inequalities in Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, two of India’s largest, poorest, and most disadvantaged states.

Methods

Estimates of under-five and neonatal mortality rates were computed using seven datasets from three available sources – sample registration system, summary birth histories in surveys, and complete birth histories. Inequalities were gauged by comparison of mortality rates within four sub-state populations defined by the following characteristics: rural–urban location, ethnicity, wealth, and district.

Results

Trend estimates suggest that progress has been made in mortality rates at the state levels. However, reduction rates have been modest, particularly for neonatal mortality. Different mortality rates are observed across all the equity markers, although there is a pattern of convergence between rural and urban areas, largely due to inadequate progress in urban settings. Inter-district disparities and differences between socioeconomic groups are also evident.

Conclusions

Although child mortality rates continue to decline at the national level, our evidence shows that considerable disparities persist. While progress in reducing under-five and neonatal mortality rates in urban areas appears to be levelling off, polices targeting rural populations and scheduled caste and tribe groups appear to have achieved some success in reducing mortality differentials. The results of this study thus add weight to recent government initiatives targeting these groups. Equitable progress, particularly for neonatal mortality, requires continuing efforts to strengthen health systems and overcome barriers to identify and reach vulnerable groups.
Anti-platelet-activating factor, antibacterial, and antiradical activities of lipids extract from silver carp brain
Authors: Wang Caixia , Xia Wenshui , Xu Yanshun , Jiang Qixing , Yin Shanshan , Yang Yuwei , Yu Peipie
Published: June 2013

Background

Epidemiological studies have verified the protective role of fish lipids in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of fish lipids on health boost remain undefined. Large amounts of by-products, such as fish brain which contains high level of lipids, are produced with silver carp processing. Fish brain is rich in bioactive lipids which are overwhelmingly effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pharmacological activities of silver carp brain lipids against diseases by inhibiting platelet-activating factor (PAF), suppressing bacterial growth and scavenging free radicals.

Methods

Total lipids (TL) were extracted from silver carp brain and separated into polar lipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL). The capabilities of the lipid fractions in aggregating washed rabbit platelet or in inhibiting PAF-induced platelet aggregation were tested. Their antibacterial and antiradical activities were studied as well.

Results

The lipid fractions exhibited strong inhibitory activities, and the activity of TL was mainly attributed to NL. TL exhibited antibacterial activity towardsStaphylococcus aureus, while NL managed to fight againstS. aureusandEscherichia coli. PL excelled TL and NL in simultaneously suppressing the growths ofShigella dysenteriaeandSalmonella typhibesides those ofS. aureusandE. coli.The scavenging effect of PL on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical was considerably higher than those of TL and NL.

Conclusion

The present study may help to explain the protective role of fish lipids against diseases and may be responsible for the effectiveness of fish brain in benefiting health.
Impact of obesity on endometrial blood flow in women without polycystic ovarian syndrome during intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Zeng Xun , Pang Houqing , Li Xiaohong , Luo Shan , Jin Song , Li Shangwei
Published: June 2013

Background

Obesity may exert a negative effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. However, the effect of obesity on the endometrium remains unknown. This study was designed to assess the effect of isolated body mass index (BMI) on endometrial blood supply in non-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women during ICSI by power Doppler Ultrasound.

Methods

An observational prospective study was carried out. A total of 206 patients without PCOS were divided into 4 groups based on Chinese BMI classification (kg/m(2): underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 less than or equal to BMI < 24), overweight (24 less than or equal to BMI < 28), and obese (BMI greater than or equal to 28). Endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, endometrial spiral arterial resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) values and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) were assessed on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration.

Results

Obese patients required more doses of gonadotrophin and longer stimulation duration than the normal weight patients (P < 0.05). Endometrial thickness and pattern were not statistically different between the 4 BMI subgroups (P > 0.05). Subendometrial blood flow was detected in 165 (80.1%) patients and spiral arterial PI was significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal weight and underweight groups (P < 0.05). All parameters of ICSI outcome were comparable, including pregnancy and miscarriage rates.

Conclusions

Obesity (BMI greater than or equal to 28 kg/m(2)) appears to exert a negative effect on endometrial and subendometrial blood flow based on the Chinese standard of obesity; however, it seems to have no significant effect on ICSI outcomes in non-PCOS women.
Insulin receptor membrane retention by a traceable chimeric mutant
Authors: Giudice Jimena , Jares-Erijman Elizabeth A , Leskow Federico Coluccio
Published: June 2013

Background

The insulin receptor (IR) regulates glucose homeostasis, cell growth and differentiation. It has been hypothesized that the specific signaling characteristics of IR are in part determined by ligand-receptor complexes localization. Downstream signaling could be triggered from the plasma membrane or from endosomes. Regulation of activated receptor's internalization has been proposed as the mechanism responsible for the differential isoform and ligand-specific signaling.

Results

We generated a traceable IR chimera that allows the labeling of the receptor at the cell surface. This mutant binds insulin but fails to get activated and internalized. However, the mutant heterodimerizes with wild type IR inhibiting its auto-phosphorylation and blocking its internalization. IR membrane retention attenuates AP-1 transcriptional activation favoring Akt activation.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the mutant acts as a selective dominant negative blocking IR internalization-mediated signaling.