bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution Property Trends and Influences
Authors: Baker David S.
Published: September 2004

Challenges the concept of warehousing as the stockholding facility
for oversupply. Comments on the historic context, the current market,
the property element and volume rents. Notes that the single european
market and Japanese industrial investment will be strong forces for
change in this sector in the UK. Concludes that merely keeping a
warehouse for stockholding will be a sign of failure.
How should pubs be valued?
Authors: Gillham B.J.
Published: September 2004

Reviews past and current methods of valuation, analyses rental
growth and explains the thinking behind bids made by players in this
developing market. Provides sample valuations for a variety of pub
rentals. Concludes that there is scope to increase the reliability of
profits method valuations.
Timeshare in South Africa: Evolution, Failure and Reform
Authors: du Plessis P.G.
Published: September 2004

Presents an overview of the timeshare industry in South Africa.
Gives special attention to the reasons why the industry continues to
grow, despite major failures. Emphasis is placed on the creation of the
property trust in which the timeshare properties are registered with the
timeshare investors as beneficiaries. Concludes that the growth of the
timeshare market in South Africa is attributed to the corrective
measures and bona fide intentions of the current operators.
Investment Skill and Portfolio Management
Authors: Brown Gerald R.
Published: September 2004

Assumes that the education of valuers is generally directed towards
producing professionally qualified personnel who are able to value a
wide variety of properties by using standard accepted methodology.
Suggests that teaching the concepts of valuation in isolation without
any economic reference point is insufficient to establish whether the
acquisition of any property will improve the performance of a portfolio.
Concludes that the basis of education in valuation needs to change in
order to address those issues that have economic relevance in a market
dominated by international institutional investors.
Sensitivity Analysis for Property Appraisal
Authors: Bannerman Smyly
Published: September 2004

Discusses the methods of sensitivity analysis in use generally and
by the property appraisal profession. Proposes a simplified structured
and systematic technique of selecting critical or sensitive factors for
sensitivity analysis in property development and investment appraisal.
Concludes that sensitivity analysis has become an integral part of
property appraisal.
Mapping a European Property Investment Strategy
Authors: Sweeney Fiona M.
Published: September 2004

Puts forward the case for European property in a multi‐asset
portfolio. Presents a quantitative approach for the construction of a
Euro‐property portfolio. Concludes that this preliminary mean‐variable
analysis shows that European property does provide significant
diversification benefits both within a multi‐asset portfolio and within
a pure European property portfolio context.
Property Taxation under Conditions of Rapid Urban Growth:
the Singapore Experience
Authors: Lee Amy
Published: September 2004

Discusses the role of property taxation in a developed economy.
Outlines the variations of method that can be adopted. Illustrates, via
a case study of Singapore, particular issues associated with the
implementation of property taxation in an environment of rapid urban
growth.
Valuation of Real Estate Certificates
Authors: Miltz David , de Vel Jean‐Yves , Dedier Thibaud
Published: September 2004

Examines the valuation of a real estate leasing certificate in Belgium. Develops a detailed model, which derives from the valuation theory concerning participating, redeemable bonds. Permits a user to generate valuations of real estate certificates for any number of assumptions. Concludes that a real estate valuer could also use the model to test the reasonableness of their expert valuations against the tables.
Future Directions in Real Estate Research
Authors: Lusht Kenneth M.
Published: September 2004

Addresses how real estate has performed as an investment, the
efficiency of real estate markets, valuation issues, the pricing of
contract contingencies, prices and price setting and the agency
business. Concludes that the list of research questions is growing and
there is a high level of both public and private sector interest in the
answers that can be provided.
Lessons for good school meals
Authors: Kingman Sharon
Published: September 2004

Reports on the School Meals Campaign and its calls for national
nutritional guidelines for school meals. Outlines a school meals project
in East Berkshire. Gives a brief historical review of Government
legislation on school meals and the effects of the 1980 Education Act on
the nutritional standards. Notes comments from various groups which
support the idea of providing meals at school to nutritional guidelines.
Making a play for healthy minds
Authors: Inchbold Douglas
Published: September 2004

Discusses the importance of learning about mental health at an
earlier age to enable people to gain control over their own development
and be able to understand and tolerate others with mental health
problems. Asserts that young people can be enthusiastically involved in
such topics as long as they are presented in the right way. Describes
the introduction of a course on mental health to 14/15 year olds.
Concludes that it is not important to rely on a lot of written material
but that drama can be an excellent medium to maintain interest and
involvement.
Risky business
Authors: Collins Margaret
Published: September 2004

Considers the meaning of “risk” as interpreted by young
children and whether they have the skills to weigh up the risk factors
of a situation and make a decision accordingly. Discusses the diffuse
meanings of “risk” as perceived by those between five and
seven and concludes that none understood the adult concept of risk.
Suggests ways in which children might be led towards acquiring the
concept of “risk” using a variety of strategies, to enable
them to know when to take risks and when not to.
Dealing with Drugs
Authors: Kingman Sharon
Published: September 2004

Considers the problems of dealing with drugs in schools and the
fact that first or second time offenders are more likely to be cautioned
than charged; Recognizes that although not a major problem in most
places, almost all secondary schools will have children who have used or
experimented with drugs, or who are associating with people who are
experimenting with drugs. States that rather than waiting for such
crises to occur, thinking about how to handle such a situation before it
happens is more likely to ensure a calm and sensible approach. Reflects
upon the establishment of a clear policy with a more reasoned and
positive approach. Considers also the legal position of teachers who
come across pupils who are using drugs or in possession of them as well
as the part played by the police, whether it be in a caring, enforcing
or deterrent role. Concludes by stating the view that for the majority
of young people, their involvement with drugs is cursory.
How to make exercise a winner
Authors: Rivett David
Published: September 2004

Discusses the view that the display of activity by young children
may be deceptive and that, contrary to what we may believe, we are
witnessing a steep decline in children′s activity levels which may have
far‐reaching implications for their long‐term health. Promoting and
fostering their enjoyment of exercise is now increasing in importance. A
recent survey showed that many adults take little exercise, but, with
the right approach, children can be encouraged to develop healthy
exercise habits. Considers the factors which are likely to turn young
people away from being active; concludes that many are discouraged by
the model images projected by the media and the early experiences at
school and that children must be given messages which promote success
and enjoyment in physical activity and build confidence. Examines recent
research concerning physical activity in children and the levels of
activity necessary to protect against future health problems. Describes
two projects designed to help schools and teachers integrate healthy
activity into physical education programmes. Asserts that schools need
to adopt positive approaches to all aspects of health education; the
links between activity and health need to be made clear and activity
needs to be positive and enjoyable from an early age; it is necessary to
recognize this and encourage children to appreciate that physical
activity can be fun. Physical activity is something that everyone can
take part in successfully.
No smoking – not even in the staffroom.
Authors: Kingman Sharon
Published: September 2004

Reports on Birmingham′s successful introduction of a no‐smoking
policy for its schools. Considers that health education messages will be
more effective if staff are not seen to be undermining them and in view
of evidence that shows smoking to be a real health hazard, discusses the
responsibility of employers under health and safety legislation.
Outlines the basis for the new policy, the powers of the LEA, and its
implementation. Discusses the distinction between rights and choices and
the problems of implementation. Concludes that without directed
policies, change will be very slow and strong commitment is required by
all interested bodies.
Now hear this
Authors: King Adrian
Published: September 2004

Offers the view that if you react in the wrong way when a pupil
approaches you for help, you may lose a valuable chance to offer
support. Gives examples of problems where listening skills are needed.
Discusses what is needed to become a good listener. Asserts it is vital
to listen fully, to provide reassurance and empathy, although suggests
consultation with others may be necessary to determine the most
appropriate response. Considers that listening can give positive support
and encouragement – a precious gift.
On duty in the classroom
Authors: White Norma , Barnfield Jacqueline
Published: September 2004

Describes ways to ensure police involvement in schools works.
Considers a typical first contact between the police and young people
and the developments following the Scarman Report in 1982 leading to
policing in the community. Reflects on the role of the police as
educators and their deficiencies in meeting that position. Believes an
approach that aims to be educational, empowering, co‐operative and user
friendly, produces the best response and illustrates this by devising
materials for use by the police in their community work in schools.
Advisory posts face the axe
Authors: Kingman Sharon
Published: September 2004

Explains why schools′ abilities to deliver health education should
be severely hampered by the loss of many health education co‐ordinators.
Points to the apparent incongruence of the Department of Education′s
policy with those of the Department of Health, and the withdrawal of
funding. Discusses the government′s attempts to place the responsibility
of funding on the shoulders of schools. Looks at reasons why, with
limits on spending, schools might be reluctant to buy in health
education expertise. Considers attempts to reverse the Department of
Education′s decision and the effects if the campaign fails. Concludes by
considering the effects of the removal of drugs education from the
agenda, and the possible disappearance of skills which have been
acquired, and the fact that health co‐ordinators are unlikely to be
replaced by anyone else, either in local education authorities or
outside of them.
Support for all
Authors: Rigby Sarah
Published: September 2004

Reports that schools in Bolton pride themselves on having health
education policies that encourage children of all ethnic origins to
appreciate one another′s cultures. States that the Health Promotion Unit
has been a key player in identifying the needs of different ethnic
groups and its policy is to develop and strengthen ties with the local
community. Outlines the problems, and the methods adopted to implement
the policy in two multi‐cultural schools: language, development of
strong links between home and community, active participation by parents
and advice from the mosque. Describes how some school activities are
organized to take into account religious festivals and dictates.
Concludes that experiences show that it is not always easy to predict
which health education measures will most effectively help children from
ethnic minorities, but that the best response is a flexible one.
Sex education: the teenage agenda
Authors: White Norma
Published: September 2004

Asserts that if schools and other agencies are to offer appropriate
sex education and advice, they must ask young people themselves what
they want and then act on it. Discusses the place of sex education
within the National Curriculum, and how its delivery is often seen in
terms of “problems”. Believes adults rarely see sex
education in a wider context – equal opportunities, learning to
value self and others, developing a feeling of well‐being, confidence
and assertiveness. Considers that education from schools and other
caring agencies is inadequate and that those services offered to young
people are not meeting their needs; if education and services are to
develop in ways appropriate for young people, there is a need to enlist
their help rather than assume that adults know best. Exemplifies this
idea by inviting pupils to participate in writing articles on sex
education the outcome of which has led to the setting up of a day′s
conference with a view to establishing priorities and making
commitments. Concludes by hoping to bring about improved and more
appropriate education and sexual health services, both within and
without the classroom.
Legitimation in Information Systems Development: A Social
Change Perspective
Authors: Klein H.K. , Hirschheim R.A.
Published: September 2004

Defines legitimation. Proposes six social factors or forces for
analysing the current bases for legitimation in information systems
development. Argues that if the directions of these forces shift, it
could signal a major social change. Asserts that consideration of the
concepts related to the six factors can help information systems
researchers to sense emergent issues.
The Nick Experiment Reinterpreted: Implications for
Developers and Evaluators of Groupware
Authors: Rein Gail L. , Ellis Clarence A.
Published: September 2004

Reinterprets data from an empirical study conducted in 1987 –
the Nick Experiment – concerned with the interaction between
technology, team and task. Combines data with anecdotal evidence.
Reports gains in meetings quality and effectiveness. Comments on the
potential effectiveness of the messaging facility on the electronic
workstations and the electronic blackboard. Comments strongly on the
value of field experiments and case studies – as opposed to
controlled experiments – to obtain realistic data.
Reflections on Development Methods for Information Systems:
A Set of Distinctions Between Models
Authors: Axel Nielsen Peter
Published: September 2004

Argues that a set of distinctions between methods for information
systems development is useful for learning about the methods and their
relation to practice. Examines three projects conducted in three similar
branches of the same bank. Evolves a set of distinctions: the context,
the consequences and the conditions, for application of the models.
Suggests areas of further research.
Rapid Prototyping With Fourth Generation Systems – An
Empirical Study
Authors: Grønbæk Kaj
Published: September 2004

Discusses experiences on the development and use of horizontal and
vertical prototypes. Explains the difference. Resolves that horizontal
prototypes can be developed with ′little effort′, but end users are
reluctant to become involved in the development process. Contrastingly
resolves that vertical prototypes appear to stimulate constructive
response. Reasons that developers should be aware of the tacit knowledge
which plays an important part in users′ work practices and should be
involved early in the development process. Proposes three techniques to
meet the requirements – participation, simulation and evaluation.
Usage and Outcomes of Electronic Messaging at an R&D
Organization: Situational Constraints, Job Level, and Media Awareness
Authors: Rice Ronald E. , Hughes Douglas , Love Gail
Published: September 2004

Analyses the adoption and use of an electronic messaging system
(EMS) by members of a large R&D organisation. Develops and tests
hypotheses about relationships among job categories, perceived social
presence of an EMS, use of the system, and outcomes – such as
effectiveness, communication flow and the use of extant media. Discusses
lessons learned. Offers further areas of potential research.
Introduction of Advanced Software Technologies Into Network
Operations
Authors: Rabie Sameh
Published: September 2004

Summarises BNR′s recent (1989) experience of developing
increasingly sophisticated network maintenance applications, covering
switch modules to nationwide networks and interactive repair assistance
to integrated real time monitoring. Fails to explain who, which or what
BNR is. Describes prototypes, including knowledge‐based design,
specialised software tools, user‐customisable databases, and advanced
user interfaces. Highlights the synergy of different technologies,
arguing for their integration into mainstream operations. Proposes an
architectural framework to help achieve it.
Adding Voice Interface to an Expert System for Determining
Telecommunication Service Solutions
Authors: Mehrotra Prem K. , Hoffman Carl , Ting Peter D.
Published: September 2004

Describes an expert system – Service Definition Expert System
(SDES). Relates experiences in adding a voice interface to it. Explains
that the knowledge base is mainly rule‐based, consisting of many types
of rule. Concludes that a conversational mode is friendlier. Explains
some user‐options.
“Betting the Business”: Strategic Programs to Rebuild Core
Information Systems
Authors: Grossman Randall B. , Packer Michael B.
Published: September 2004

Points out that changing management information systems (MIS) is a
dangerous and complex process, for which business executives are not
qualified. Adds that not changing is just as bad. Discusses the
differences between a fundamental change of architecture and
conventional systems development. Recommends consideration of three
questions: is it really necessary to reconfigure core systems
architecture? How can flexibility be built in? What approach to
implementation? Observes that to date (1989) few firms have
satisfactorily addressed the problems raised by antiquated core
architectures. Concludes that reconfiguration efforts must be congruent
with company strategy.
Competitive Alliances With Information Technology –
The Australian Retail Banking Experience
Authors: Sager M.T.
Published: September 2004

Evaluates the use of competitive alliances as an alternative to
competitive advantage. Draws examples from Australian retail banking
during the 1980s. Differentiates between coalition, consortium and
servicer. Concludes that whereas all three show examples of apparent
success, none guarantees it.
Lowering the Cost of Interactions: The Great Lakes Higher
Education Corporation
Authors: Kimbrough Steven O.
Published: September 2004

Presents a case study of a financial services company socializing
in student loans. Positions the study in terms of ′sustainable
competitive advantage′, ′strategic necessity′ and ′edge toward the
market′ hypotheses. Concludes that information systems played ′an
essential but essentially derivative role′ in the success of the
enterprise.
Differentiating Organizational Performance Using
Information Technology Managerial Control Ratios in the Insurance
Industry
Authors: Harris Sidney E. , Katz Joseph L.
Published: September 2004

Examines the usefulness of two information technology (IT)
managerial control measures in the insurance industry – the ratios
of IT expense to premium income and total operating expense.
Demonstrates the use of the ratios as predictors to differentiate
organisational performance. Concludes that the predictive ability of the
models can be used to identify areas where firms may be weak.
The Bell Canada CRISP Project: A Case Study of Migration of
Information Systems Infrastructure for Strategic Positioning
Authors: Clemons Eric K. , Row Michael C. , Venkateswaran Ravi
Published: September 2004

Presents a case study of the plans to restructure a large
corporation′s information systems. Stresses that the decision was
tactical, rather than as a result of measuring possible return on
investment. Concludes that the risk can be minimised by taking certain
fundamental precautions.
Research on the Organization of End‐User Computing:
Theoretical Perspectives From Organizational Science
Authors: Robey Daniel , Zmud Robert
Published: September 2004

Discusses the role of theory in applied research. Applies several
theoretical perspectives from organizational science to the subject of
organisational support for end‐user computing. Concludes that a variety
of theoretical perspectives gives a richer understanding of the
phenomenon, a source of testable propositions, and a possibility to
integrate and combine models. States the purpose of the paper is to
stimulate researchers to understand and use existing theory.
Asynchronous Technologies in Small Face‐to‐Face Groups
Authors: Lynne Markus M.
Published: September 2004

Identifies a set of expectations about information technology (IT)
adoption and usage in work groups, based on prior theory. Describes a
longitudinal study on the adoption and usage of asynchronous
technologies in small face‐to‐face groups. Compares observations with
expectations. Concludes that expectations were generally supported
except in one case, where file transfer was used synchronously to
support face‐to‐face interaction. Observed one use of asynchronous
technology to maintain social distance because of poor relationships.
Discusses the implications of the findings. Offers possible areas of
future research.
Comprehensive Education for Successful End‐User Computing
Authors: Hellman Riitta
Published: September 2004

Discusses the failure of end user computing (EUC) to achieve its
objectives. Bases discussion on people, application and skill. Relates
the problems to those of prototyping. Suggests some difficulties can be
overcome by education. Presents an educational method consisting of five
steps: interviews and observations, group discussions, lectures,
simulation, and personal guidance.
The principle of limited reduction in software design
Authors: Mathiassen Lars , Stage Jan
Published: September 2004

Compares experimental (eg. prototyping) and analytical (eg.
specifying) approaches in systems design. Derives ′The Principle of
Limited Reduction′. Defines this as: “Relying on an analytical
mode of operation to reduce complexity introduces new sources of
uncertainty requiring experimental countermeasures; relying on an
experimental mode of operation to reduce complexity introduces new
sources of uncertainty requiring analytical countermeasures”.
Concludes that a mixed approach is best, but warns that this is as yet
(1992) hypothetical.
Beyond Stage Models for EUC Management
Authors: Wei Choo Chun , Clement Andrew
Published: September 2004

Defines end user computing (EUC). Suggests a dichotomy between
information systems (IS) managers and end users, both of whom wish
control computing resources. Reviews literature concerning EUC and the
stage growth model. Suggests alternative visions of the role of IS and
user managements in the growth of EUC.
How Do Office Workers Learn About Computing?
Authors: George Joey F. , Iacono Suzanne , Kling Rob
Published: September 2004

Quotes recent (1994) literature suggesting that workers receive
more training and support in their local work area than from a
centralized management information systems (MIS) group. Suggests that
there is therefore little knowledge about how users learn the computing
skills necessary for them to achieve their tasks. Explores the issues.
Presents four case studies, two having a central MIS training and
support functions and two having none. Observes that in four work groups
members depended on locally emerging arrangements for training and
support.
A monetary and economic dialogue with Lord Keynes
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the heritage of John Maynard Keynes in terms of application and results of his new economic philosophy over the last four decades. Compares the Keynesian school of thought with other classical and contemporary economists in relation to foundations of monetary and economic analysis, the economics of stable equilibrium, and the economics of disequilibrium. Comments on Keynes’ concept of economic stability, his view on the instability of money and monetary reform, his concept of monetary policy and of the pure theory of money, and his misjudgement of the mixed nature of the modern gold standard. Examines the provisions of the US Federal Reserve Act (1913), focusing on the Federal reserve systems’ nature and functioning, cited by Keynes as a prototype of a modern gold standard. Concludes with an examination of the international aspect of the modern gold standard.
The unending search for universal and lasting peace
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: September 2004

Explores the study of peace and war as a reflection of equilibrium versus disequilibrium conditions as applied in international relations. Concentrates on the contribution of two economists, Leon Walras, deemed a classical master of integrated micro‐analysis, and Jan Tinbergen, a modern scientist, to the challenge or reaching and maintaining a universal and lasting peace. Looks at Walras as a social economist, his version of the social question and social peace, his sowing of seeds for a new doctrine of human solidarity, his resolution of the conflict between the concept of justice of equality and justice of equity, and his proposal of nationalization of land as a panacea for all social ills in a modern society. Compares this with a look at Tinbergen as a social economist, his holistic approach to theoretical analysis, and his solution to the World problems of poverty and political insecurity.
A reorganization plan of the International Monetary Fund
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: September 2004

Suggests the reorganizations of the international monetary fund, re‐directing its path towards conditions of stable equilibrium. Discusses basic deficiencies of the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 which set out the purposes of the internaitonal monetary fund. Suggests basic conditions for stable equilibrium at the international level, before making recommendations for a new sounder foundation of the international monetary fund in relation to its administration, the prerogatives and rules of functioning of its monetary department, an exension of monetization of other suitable commodities to serve as international liquidity reserves, and the fund’s banking department.
Marketing Asset Accounting: Scope and Rationale
Authors: Piercy Nigel
Published: September 2004

Seeks to define the scope of marketing asset accounting comparing this with current marketing/accountant structures and rationales. States that the bulk of the literature is concerned primarily with measuring and controlling market costs. Lists, itemizes and discusses costs within marketing, emphasizing that this is only a sample of works, but that it is large enough to ensure good examples. Posits that marketing assets are the most important creation within the sphere of this discussion, and gives in‐depth explanations of problems and importance of this. Discusses a case study of a furniture company and tabulates this for better understanding. Closes by itemizing the rest of the author's works in this themed issue and clarifies each one's importance in the market asset accounting field.
The Accounting Assessment of Competitive Position
Authors: Simmonds Kenneth
Published: September 2004

Concerns itself with competitive position accounting measurement, stating that it is a much more complex task, however, than devising a standard procedure for measuring competitive position. States that changes in competitive position generally build gradually, ebbing and flowing. Argues that a competitor's sales revenue is perhaps the most important of all competitive indicators and that estimation of this for firms and markets must be prime in developing a strategic management accounting system. Adds that market share provides a link between accounting performance of the single period for which the share is measured and the performance of future periods. Sums up by showing within this article that accounting representation of a firm's competitive position within an industry is possible by using quite basic accounting measurements. Goes on to say there is much development needed to refine methods of accounting for competitors, but the resulting change in the role of accountants will be immense.
Accounting for Marketing Assets
Authors: Wilson Richard M.S.
Published: September 2004

Suggests that most managers (other than those in marketing) take the view that too much money is spent on marketing. Adumbrates that the accountant may be able to contribute to improved decision making in marketing with regard to expenditure as an investment outlay rather than current expenses. Stresses, herein, that the concern for accounting is with marketing assets and their intangibility. Discusses further assets, valuation and investment and portrays these with the aid of tables and figures. Sums up by saying that a strong case can be made for recognizing many examples of marketing outlay as investments in assets rather than current operating expenses, showing new light on attitudes towards marketing decision‐making and financial reporting.
Accounting Principles and Marketing Models Related to Deferred Marketing Costs
Authors: Rayburn L.G.
Published: September 2004

Investigates how advertising within accountancy may have a holdover from one period to the next, but that usually the value of marketing assets is not shown on the balance sheet. Highlights that human asset accounting has been presented as a way of valuing the labour force, with varying depreciation methods available for recognizing the deterioration and obsolescence of plant assets. Looks at advantages of recognizing marketing assets such that each operation's income or loss is more accurately reflected by improved matching of certain marketing‐related expenditures to the period in which the benefit accrues. Concludes that accountants are no longer justified in ignoring the issue of marketing assets by writing off all expenditures in the period incurred, because the result could be that the definition of income used lacks consistency.
Marketing Expenditures as Capital Investment
Authors: Robinson H.
Published: September 2004

Highlights marketing strategy and how capital investment decisions are characterized by large sums of money involved. Explores obstacles and opportunities involved in making headway in the treatment of marketing expenditure as investment. Specifies a framework to: measure the productivity of capital which might be employed; take into account that money has a time value ‐ near money is worth more than the same amount at some time further into the future; provide minimum standards for investments to achieve; provide a means of rationing capital between project which might compete in their claims for it. Covers promotion and effects of advertising and the use of planning ahead. Concludes that future research may provide detailed generalization as to the timing of future cash flows generated by present expenditure, but for now management can use long‐term intentions and broad guidelines.
The Marketing Accountant in Industry
Authors: Moss C.D.
Published: September 2004

Examines how potential conflicts can arise from differing evaluative criteria used by specialists of the marketing and finance functions in industry. Focuses on evaluating why marketing accountants in industry have become increasingly commonplace, and the benefits marketing accountants have brought to business operations. Lists six benefits with regard to marketing accountants and discusses these in detail. Weighs up, in conclusion, that marketing accountants provide an improved financial base on which marketing decisions can be examined, particularly with regard to decisions on new product development. States that the marketing accountant, through the provision of relevant and timely data, is starting to ensure such feelings and misconceptions are becoming less commonplace.
Marketing Asset Accounting: The Way Forward?
Authors: Piercy Nigel
Published: September 2004

Examines the evaluations and contributions of this themed issue and proposes that further research and development are required. Evaluates the collective works as a recognition of the strategic issue and approaches to its solution ‐ recognizing key technical problems faced and related issues. Concludes that the case has been made for marketing asset accounting to contribute to more effective corporate and marketing management.
The Market Research Terminal and Developments in Survey Research
Authors: Rowley Gwyn , Barker Keith , Callaghan Victor
Published: September 2004

Reports on survey‐behavioural research in a major and fundamental development ‐ the Questronic project based at the University of Sheffield (UK), and its first product, the Ferranti Market Research Terminal (MRT). States that the MRT is a battery‐operated, hand‐held data‐capture terminal and it is a replacement for the usual questionnaire necessity ‐ clipboard and pencil. Describes the MRT and its functions including keyboard and electronic storage, so aiding survey research, both economic and operational. Lists out the operations and benefits in detail enabling the user a fast, modern aid for use with questionnaires. Goes on to give further developing procedures and includes a contact address for further information regarding the importance of development MRT routines in survey research.
Controlling Country‐Specific and Industry‐Specific Influences on Export Behaviour
Authors: Schlegelmilch Bodo B.
Published: September 2004

Attempts to provide a better explanation of differences in diverse export behaviour among similar operating firms in the same country. Wishes to compensate for deficiencies by analysing determinants of behaviour of exporting firms by: controlling for country‐specific; and industry‐specific influences on them. Tests the hypothesis and chosen research approaches which are based on earlier results. Discusses the use of a four‐part questionnaire designed with 194 independent variables and how this was sent to 1,500 managing directors of British and German food‐processing and mechanical engineering firms ‐ there were, by June 1982, 310 replies. Compares extracted sets of discriminating variables to validate by test established hypothesis. Identifies six key influences on export behaviour and concludes that the chosen research approach is an important step towards model building. Finally, states that future researchers will find scope to refine results further, and in more detail and uses a Likert scale with nine concepts.
Consumer Choice in Behavioural Perspective
Authors: Foxall Gordon
Published: September 2004

Consumer theory and research are generally founded on the assumption that observed behaviour is mediated by intrapersonal events. This pervasive view now threatens to impede theoretical development by precluding the establishment of models based on alternative assumptions. Following Feyerabend's advocacy of the active interplay of tenaciously held, incommensurable theories as an essential component of scientific progress, this article examines the relevance to consumer theory of radical behaviourism, which accords explanatory power exclusively to the environmental consequences of behaviour, denying causative significance to intrapersonal processes and events.
Modelling with Linear Learning
Authors: Driver John C.
Published: September 2004

Various explanations are possible for the observation of similar outcomes from repeated choices, for example, both cognitive psychologists and behaviourists find support for their viewpoints in such patterns. Pattern recognition and interpretation are necessarily model‐bound activities as, indeed, are attempts to analyse such data in terms of probabilities. In the face of many alternative procedures with their associated rationales relative simplicity of screening is important in assessing new data in terms of their structure and conformity to a model. This article outlines in a non‐technical way one such procedure which is appropriate to analyse data, particularly brand choice observations, expressed in dichotomous fashion. The recognition of such patterns and a formalisation of an underlying rationale are necessary steps in the improvement of both data‐handling technique and the furtherance of our understanding of consumer behaviour.
The Distribution of On‐Licence Beer and Cider Consumption and its Personality Determinants among Young Men
Authors: Allsopp John F.
Published: September 2004

Projects that personality is an important determinant of consumption of beer and cider along with age, sex and social class. Identifies an extensive programme of personality research in this study, and goes on to complete a study of 18‐21 year old males to test predictions, based on Eysenck's theory and this is based in England and compared to most other countries with regard to nationalism and cultures. Concludes that the highest consuming group is 18‐24 year olds, which has a per capita consumption 2.7 times higher than the lowest group ‐ the over‐50's. Suggests that the results herein show the study of personality is likely to be of great importance in understanding individual differences in patterns of drinks market consumption.
Products as Targets of Negative Information: Some Recent Findings
Authors: Weinberger Marc G.
Published: September 2004

Negativity in marketing communication is a dangerous phenomenon that is the antithesis of the goal of public relations and advertising. Despite its increased prominence in the marketplace, the literature has barely given notice to negative communications. This article presents a series of four experimental studies designed to make a start towards filling the void in our understanding of negativity.
Origins and Early Development of Outdoor Advertising in the United States
Authors: Hendon Donald W. , Muhs William F.
Published: September 2004

Enumerates the origins and early development of outdoor advertising in the USA, stating that in early times (pre‐newspapers) most signs or symbols over shops, or handbills, were copied from the UK. Goes on to identify the areas and years that newspapers began to appear and make an impression, and gives breakdowns of how and where they started and grew to become formidable forces in the media‐starved years back then. Furthers the point that outdoor advertising in the USA evolved at a similar, but much slower, pace than in the UK. Posits that large circuses had an impact with regard to outdoor advertising and in particular Phineas Taylor Barnum, who was the first to use large illustrated posters for effect, and this soon caught on.
Eisenhower's Secret Strategy: Television Planning in the 1952 Campaign
Authors: Barkin Steve M.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the US 1952 presidential campaign, which was the first using television advertising and politics nationally. Observes the use of the differing advertising agencies used by the Democrats and Republicans for their campaigns, and gives a breakdown of the money spent on this. Shows that Eisenhower's party spent more on both radio and television, including network time, with the planning for this done by the TV Plans Board. Posits that Eisenhower's victory was certainly helped a little by the advertising, plus his own personality. Concludes that the medium of television will prove to be an important one in future campaigns in every area of the world, as it gave voters the chance to see close‐ups of candidates at work, at ease, under stress, on‐ and off‐guard in moments of triumph and defeat.
The Marketing of Margarine
Authors: Clark Paul
Published: September 2004

Investigates the rise of the margarine industry and how it became an indispensable foodstuff. Discusses its inventor, Hypolite Mege Mouries, born in France in October 1817, and how his research led to the development of margarine and its sale in France in 1872. Sketches the growth of world margarine production and the formation of the giant Unilever through Margarine Union and Lever Brothers Ltd, merging. Features many of the early brands such as Stork and Echo, and further discusses the types of advertising involved and how modern margarines have to be careful about claims, especially with regard to ‘healthy’ products.
Sales Strategies for the On‐Licence Trade
Authors: Oxford Peter S.
Published: September 2004

Identifies that changing lifestyles, economic conditions and a more flexible approach towards granting retail licences have made alcoholic drinks distribution change significantly. Examines the change in drinking at home increasing over drinking in pubs ‐ an increase highlighted by a 65 per cent increase in off‐licence wine purchasing. States that the EEC Regulation 84/83, which released 45,000 tenant publicans from the ‘tie’ system, had also influenced the change somewhat. Posits that the major brewers are trying to bring back the consumer to pub drinking but that marketing techniques will have to be sharpened. Recommends that there are five main points on which to focus and these are itemized and discussed.
A Consumer Approach to Branded Wines
Authors: Gluckman Robert L.
Published: September 2004

Concentrates on the elements of creating commercially successful wine brands through focusing on the three major areas for international wine and spirits companies ‐ the UK, the USA and Canada. Believes that the greatest body of consumer research has been undertaken in the UK and that in the absence of any other research from these markets the UK experience for the basis of this summary. Delves into the current wine market and consumer behaviour, segmenting this into a series of ways and types and categorisations. Investigates country of origin regarding wines and lists these giving a breakdown on each.
Profitably Marketing Products through Grocery Retailers
Authors: Whitehead Peter A.
Published: September 2004

Presents two distinct categories of braned merchandise in consumer purchasing goods, for today's market: proprietary or manufacturer‐owned; or the retailer‐owned or ‘own label’. Shows that own labels provide low levels of profit owing to competing manufacturers' willingness to supply the products. Whereas manufacturers marketing their own proprietary brands to consumers can directly influence the consumer's purchasing bent, and therefore promote long‐term franchise for their products. Goes on to discuss the methodology and the three separate processes involved: desk research; literature; and field research. Concludes that retailers and manufacturers need to heighten their highly interdependent social process but that the opportunity, challenge and solution are there to be grasped.
Marketing Strategy for Wall Partitioning in the UK
Authors: Reynolds Tony
Published: September 2004

Reports on office planning's new type (known as ‘open planning’( with a case study of the principal innovator in this procedure's development, Dexion Ltd, in the UK, which was heavily involved in the wall (office) partitioning range. Evaluates and discusses all of the company's various spin off companies and the products therein. Examines also the sales performance and marketing approach of the company and its good and bad points. Closes by making recommendations for Dexion's Partitioning Division including sales promotion and distribution channel development. Concludes that the recommended actions would establish Dexion as a major player in its market, allowing other Dexion products to break into the market.
Strategic Planning in Industrial Marketing: An Interaction Approach
Authors: Turnbull Peter W. , Valla Jean‐Paul
Published: September 2004

Advances that strategic planning has been the focus of increasing attention in the management literature, although marketing planning has received less priority. Contends that the particular characteristics of industrial marketing require a framework of strategic planning which integrates the different agents of: supplier‐customer interaction; management of portfolios of relationships; and different levels of management perspective characterizing marketing and purchasing of industrial products and services. Concludes by stating that the multi‐functional and inter‐dependent nature of decision making is very important, and argues that strategic marketing planning should be of a dynamic systems process.
Export Marketing Strategies in the British Clothing Industry
Authors: Amine Lyn S. , Tamer Cavusgil S.
Published: September 2004

Reports on a study based on research using a micro‐level or company‐based approach to exporting, this involved a standardized, pre‐tested questionnaire used for collecting data, along with a personal interview sample. Identifies factors associated with export success and classifies them into two types: empirical studies of exporting companies taken together as an industry; and on cross‐industry samples of exporting companies. Concludes that in this study, determining causality on the basis of cross‐sectional data, as been problematical which leads to the data's differing interpretations.
Multilateral Perspectives in International Marketing Dynamics
Authors: Korey George
Published: September 2004

Proposes that large national markets, which have consumer research dissimilarities, can be subdivided into regional markets dominated by key consumer preferences. States that because business grows more intricate and new requirements are imposed on managers, an orderly approach to problem solving is very important. Posits that with the growth and importance of international markets, a multinational enterprise is now the keystone of successful worldwide operations. Sums up by stating there are various problems faced by transnational enterprises and many challenges that confront their top management. Concludes that opportunities presented by world markets today, and the ways to solve problems connected with entry into these markets while simultaneously importing some knowledge, research and new techniques to host companies, provide the greatest challenge to managers with multinationals. Adds that management of multinationals has a major role to play.
Consumer Awareness and Complaining Behaviour
Authors: Agbonifoh Bas A. , Edoreh Pius E.
Published: September 2004

Postulates that the consumer is king in the marketplace. Opines that this doctrine is closely related to laissez‐faire with regard to products failing or succeeding, though market inequalities make it difficult to succeed in this. Advocates that the factors which handicap consumers in relation to sellers are product complexities, making it difficult for consumers to make reasoned comparisons, lack of interest and capability on the part of consumers to obtain and evaluate necessary product information, inequalities in income distribution and consumer ignorance and lack of expertise. Demonstrates, through the use of a 3‐part questionnaire, used in Benin City in Nigeria, a sample study of 50 adults from each of nine zones with a range of questions. Tabulates and explains in depth the results of the questionnaires and gives examples and explanations of the research findings. Concludes that a low level of consumer awareness is not, for a developing country, much of a surprise because of low levels of formal education and a lack of consumer organization. Gives policy recommendations to assist in aiding the consumer to become more adept (through laws and education) at discovering their rights.