bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Psychosis Service User Views on Digital Technology: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Bucci Sandra , Morris Rohan , Berry Katherine , Berry Natalie , Haddock Gillian , Barrowclough Christine , Lewis Shôn , Edge Dawn
Published: June 2018

Background

Digital technology has the potential to improve outcomes for people with psychosis. However, to date, research has largely ignored service user views on digital health interventions (DHIs).

Objective

The objective of our study was to explore early psychosis service users’ subjective views on DHIs.

Methods

Framework analysis was undertaken with data obtained from 21 semistructured interviews with people registered with early intervention for psychosis services. Robust measures were used to develop a stable framework, including member checking, triangulation, independent verification of themes, and consensus meetings.

Results

The following 4 themes were established a priori: acceptability of technology in psychosis and mental health; technology increasing access to and augmenting mental health support; barriers to adopting DHIs; and concerns about management of data protection, privacy, risk, and security of information. The following 2 themes were generated a posteriori: blending DHIs with face-to-face treatment and empowerment, control, and choice. DHIs were also viewed as potentially destigmatizing, overcoming barriers faced in traditional service settings, facilitating communication, and empowering service users to take active control of their health care.

Conclusions

In the first study of its kind, early psychosis service users’ were largely positive about the potential use of DHIs supporting and managing mental health. Overall, service users felt that DHIs were a progressive, modern, and relevant platform for health care delivery. Concerns were expressed around privacy and data security and practical barriers inherent within DHIs, all of which require further attention. Future research should explore whether findings transfer to other service user groups, other technology delivery formats, and across a range of treatment modalities.
Productivity of dairy cows and quality of milk-raw material with different cosmophysic activity
Authors: Nikishov A A , Afanasiev V A , Kostitsina E A , Yelaine Amador Martinez
Published: June 2018

The results of studies on the relationship between cosmophysical activity and animal productivity (the rhythm of milk yield of cows and the chemical composition of milk, the biochemical composition of raw milk) are presented. It was found that during the phase of growth of the activity of the Sun and the increase in the values of the Wolf index (sunspot) in the first half of the 24-year eleven-year cycle of solar activity, the average value of Wolf (sunspot) numbers varied from 0 to 100. For 2-3 years, at the lower peak of solar activity, and 2-3 years - at the top peak of activity, minimal and unreliable correlation relationships were observed. The most stable connections occur in the middle of an upswing or a decrease in solar activity. An increase in the relationship between the studied indicators was observed when the animals achieved maximum productivity. With an increase in milk yield from 7500 kg to 8500 kg, and further to 10,000 kg, the correlation coefficient was + 0.37, + 0.52 and + 0.64, respectively. The maximum influence of solar activity Wolf (sunspot) numbers) on the average productivity of one animal in the household is manifested at the peak of solar activity growth. It has been established that during the years of the rise of solar activity with low absolute values of Wolf (sunspot) numbers, low yields are more likely, and in high solar activity years, higher dairy values (record) are more likely. It was noted that all the components of milk decreased on days of increasing solar activity. The correlation coefficients for protein and milk fat content with Wolf (sunspot) numbers were r = -0.34 and r = -0.22, P 0.95. Correlation analysis revealed a reliable correlation of bacterial contamination and the number of somatic cells r = +0.28 and r = +0.31 (at P 0.95), respectively, with the Wolf (sunspot) numbers. In the collection milk, the negative correlation by fat content r = -0.12, density r = -0.18, acidity r = -0.17, protein content r = -0.19, sugar content r = -0.14, minerals r = -0.17 was observed with an increase in solar activity.
From Zoning Based Area To A Hybrid Space; The Transformation Strategies
Authors: ABDULLAH ALI FARHAN
Published: June 2018

One of the contemporary city`s ambition nowadays is to be more comfortable, flexible and coeval. Although numerous urban design attempts have appeared to enhance the user’s gratification, there are urgent demands to upgrade the classical public space to be more agreeable with the necessities of everyday life. Most of the urban areas after industry era are zoning based, meanwhile, have been less adaptable to daily life conditions economically, environmentally and psychologically alike. The zoning based space has a single- activity such as public or private, workspace or leisure space, etc., while the urgent demand is to look for kind of space, has mixed -activities that give it more richness, diversity, and interaction. This type of Heterotopic space has potentials, characteristics, and efforts that reconcile everyday life requirements. On another hand, it could be defined, as a smart space, which is more correspondent with technological development through applying the digital technologies involved it. This paper is an attempt to reframe the principles of creating public space and portrays the features of transforming the zoning based area into a hybrid one. In addition, it aims to implement deconstructive approach tools as strategies for enhancing user satisfaction in public space. The paper adopts a comparative approach that criticizes the zoning theory from different perspectives according to numerous situations and it accepts the hybrid space theory as a substitutional possibility to deconstruct the typical public space.
A relevância do papel da Controladoria Geral do Distrito Federal na disseminação das boas práticas de licitações sustentáveis no âmbito do Governo local
Authors: Santana Rosemeire Rosa , Soares Marcos Eustáquio
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo é derivado de um diagnóstico da Controladoria Geral do Distrito Federal (CGDF) e tem por objetivo tanto analisar as práticas de licitações sustentáveis executadas por aquele órgão à luz da legislação vigente quanto  realizar uma intervenção no governo local com o intuito de promover a implementação de licitações sustentáveis no âmbito de todo o Governo do Distrito Federal, valendo-se do papel fiscalizador da CGDF e colocando-a como disseminadora de uma cultura consumerista responsável por parte da Administração Pública local. Os autores realizaram entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores e colaboradores da CGDF nos meses de março a junho de 2016 e, com base em suas observações de campo, propuseram a elaboração de um Guia Prático de Licitações Sustentáveis e de um Catálogo de Materiais e Serviços Socioambientais, a serem adotados primeiramente como referências para todos os órgãos ao Governo do Distrito Federal, por meio de ações espontâneas de gestores públicos ou por força de Decreto em um momento posterior. This article is derived from a diagnosis of the Controladoria-Geral do Distrito Federal (CGDF) and has the objective of analyzing the sustainable bidding practices executed by that body in light of the current legislation, as well as to carry out an intervention in the local government with the purpose of promoting the implementation of sustainable bids within the entire Federal District Government, using CGDF's supervisory role and placing it as a disseminator of a responsible consumer culture on the part of the local Public Administration. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with CGDF managers and collaborators from March to June 2016 and, based on their field observations, proposed the preparation of a Practical Guide to Sustainable Tenders and a Catalog of Socio-Environmental Materials and Services, the be adopted first as references for all organs to the Government of the Federal District, by means of spontaneous actions of public managers or by virtue of Decree at a later time.
Training tutors for implementing problem-based learning at a private medical college of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Mili , Shrestha Ira , Bhandary Shital
Published: June 2018

Introductions: Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative approach of teaching learning methodology in which, instead of traditional lectures, students are divided in small groups and provided with a problem which they try to solve. It has been used in different medical schools around the world for over 50 years. In Nepal, the use of PBL methodology is gradually increasing.Methods: Three experts on PBL content and process provided interactive lectures, hands-on exercises and plenary discussion sessions in 2014 at Lumbini Medical College. Effectiveness of the workshop was assessed by validated retro-prequestionnaire at the end of the workshop. Paired t-tests were used to test the differences between before and after scores on knowledge, application and opinion on PBL. Effect size was also calculated to determine the size of the difference between before and after the workshop.Results: The PBL training was effective as it increased knowledge, application and opinion on PBL of most of the participants. The workshop benefitted the most to the experienced male basic sciences faculty. However, clinical sciences faculty were skeptical of its application and their opinion on PBL did not change much whereas nursing faculty had some reservation on their opinion about PBL only.Conclusions: As PBL is implemented during the basic sciences years only, the concerned faculty benefitted the most from the workshop. Further such trainings are advocated to increase the pool of trained tutors for effective implementation of the PBL.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2015. page:7-12
Sexual Violence and its Resistance in Post-revolutionary Egypt
Authors: Heijthuyzen Martine
Published: June 2018

This article argues that sexual violence in the context of post-revolutionary Egypt should be understood as a complex contextual political technique that lays different claims on the subject. This results in complex modalities of resistance that aim to oppose patriarchal structures as well as authoritarian structures. Post-revolutionary regime(s) have been appropriating and policing certain notions of masculinities and femininities, illustrating how authoritarian power structures intersect with patriarchal power structures. Different revolutionary strategies included a political intersectional approach by explicitly underlining the complicity of the regime in events of sexual violence. However, this political intersectional framework was absent in different reports or enactments of solidarity from the West, clinging onto gender as the sole perspective when discussing sexual violence. Isolating these collectives from the authoritarian context they were constituted by, risks re-articulating and re-affirming other oppressive authoritarian discourses.
Chinese Cultural and Creative Industries and the struggle for Rights in Chinese Opera
Authors: Ma Haili
Published: June 2018

In the last decade, China's government has been supportive of various cultural trends in creative cities, intangible cultural heritage, and the arts. This paper examines the discourse of Chinese cultural and creative industries (CCI), specifically from the position of traditional Chinese opera. By focusing on the Xi’an Qinqiang (Qin opera) cultural industries reform, this article articulates the intimate relationship between Communist Party’s (CCP) ideological evolution and the struggle of Chinese opera’s development. As Chinese opera has been, and still is, a popular cultural form amongst peasants and workers (the founding base of the CCP), the struggle of the opera market reforms reflects the CCP internal turmoil in gaining its own political (representative) legitimacy. The paper suggests that despite fundamental ideological shifts, the CCP maintains sole legal ruling power over culture because of China’s unique regional-central government structure and the ‘social mediator’ roles occupied by the artists. The continued negotiation between central (ideology), regional (urbanization) and community (artist) levels forms the structure of China’s latest art market reform and allows us to understand the struggle of culture within the nation.
Promoting the Cultural Rights of Refugees in the Context of the Syrian Crisis
Authors: Gürsoy Deniz
Published: June 2018

This article is framed by the legal concept of 'protracted refugee situation' (PRS), and the strategic means by which Cultural Rights has been interjected as a factor in refugee support. With particular reference to the project Ideas Box, developed by the German Goethe-Institut (initiated by Libraries Without Borders (LWB) in 2014), the article attempts to define how the project flags up the centrality of information, education and social interaction with effective strategies for providing a humane and productive refugee support. Access to information and education plays a crucial role in providing a basis for the exercise of Cultural Rights, and where Rights become a precondition for developing strategic long-term planning and responding to the fundamental needs of subjects like refugees in PRS situations.
Research on thermal-hydraulic behavior in the spent fuel pool using a full-height experimental facility
Authors: Cao Q. , Lu D. , Wang H. , Han Y. , Zhong Y.
Published: June 2018

During accident scenarios the effective cooling of spent fuel directly affects the safety of nuclear power plants. Two experiments were performed in a full-height facility to study the thermal-hydraulic behavior in spent fuel pool. In spent fuel pool boiling experiment, the heat transfer characteristics are related to the flow patterns. However, the flow pattern in narrow and long channel is different from the traditional flow pattern. In the semi-dry of heated rod, wall temperature oscillation occurs for a long time. In the spent fuel pray experiment, the liquid film thickness varies randomly with time and space. As the spray flow density increase, the maximum wall temperature decrease gradually with a certain linear characteristic.
Dandy –Walker Malformation with Patent Ductus Arteriosus– A Case Report
Authors: Begum Most Umme Habiba , Rahman Md Anisur
Published: June 2018

Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM) is a group of congenital human brain malformation with specific characteristics. It may be associated with a number of other organ malformation including heart, eye, and thyroid glands. In our case, DWM was associated with heart malformation in the form of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and was complicated by atrial fibrillation. The case was established by computed tomography of brain, echocardiography and electrocardiography. The patient was asymptomatic until 7 years of age.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(3): 128-131
Chromatographic technique to support ADMET&DMPK in early drug discovery
Authors: Valko Klara Livia
Published: June 2018

The drug discovery process usually involves the discovery of a potent new chemical entity which has shown some activity on a target that is believed to be relevant in a certain type of disease. However, the structure and property of these putative drug molecules may have to be modified in order to ensure that they are able to exert the desired in vivo pharmacological effect. The candidate molecules usually have to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal system and therefore they must show appropriate solubility and permeability to be able to reach the target enzyme in vivo with a sufficient free biophase concentration at the site of action. This means that the physicochemical properties and the protein and phospholipid binding has to be optimized in order to achieve the desired in vivo ADMET and DMPK profile. The ADME studies usually require animal experiments or the use of biological samples, for example tissues which is expensive and involves time-consuming procedures. New technologies and approaches can accelerate this process.
Eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung von Thrombozytenfaktor 4
Authors: Deutsch E
Published: June 2018

Es wird eine einfache quantitative Methode zur Bestimmung von Thrombozytenfaktor 4 angegeben, die die Bestimmung desselben in thrombozytenreichem Plasma ohne vorherige Anreicherung der Thrombozyten ermöglicht.
Studies on the Metabolism of Human Blood Platelets in Relation to Clot Retraction
Authors: Bettex-Galland M , Lüscher E. F
Published: June 2018

1. The respiratory activity of human blood platelets has been investigated quantitatively. It is not affected by the normal procedures for isolating washed platelets from plasma, nor by the absence of plasma proteins. Optimal synthetic media for platelet respiration are described; they contain EDTA in a suitable buffered system. The addition of thrombin always causes a depression of oxygen uptake. No direct relationship exists between respiratory activity and clot retraction. Respiration may even be inhibited without affecting clot retraction.

2. Under the conditions of clot retraction and with glucose present, a remarkable stimulation of the glycolytic activity is observed. This increase in the production of lactic acid and of glucose consumption is of short duration and is followed by a total breakdown of glycolysis. The maximum of glycolytic activity coincides with the onset of clot retraction initiated by the addition thrombin. Inhibition of glycolysis leads to a total suppression of glucose utilisation and to impaired retraction activity.

3. In glucose containing systems and with thrombin the ATP-level in platelets closely follows the pattern of glycolytic activity, i.e. a sharp initial rise, followed by a rapid decay of the triphosphate. Without glucose the addition of thrombin to suitably buffered platelets causes a rapid decrease of ATP.

4. The retraction activity of the blood platelets is found to be directly dependent on their ATP-level. The synthesis of ATP during the process of clot retraction is effected by the glycolytic system, provided glucose is present as a substrate

5. Most probably the major part of the ATP consumed during the retraction period is active in the contraction of an actomyosin-like protein contained in the platelets.
Activation of Bovine Plasminogen by the Plasminogen Activator in Animal Tissue
Authors: Abe Takeshi , Astrup Tage
Published: June 2018

1. The activation of bovine plasminogen by means of the plasminogen activator from pig heart tissue has been studied on heated fibrin and on casein.

2. Small, but varying, amounts of activator can be extracted from crude activator powder during the experiment and interfere therefore with estimations on normal, plasminogen containing fibrin.

3. The activation process is a slow process. Results obtained on heated fibrin or casein suggest that the activation is caused by a stoicheiometric reaction.
The Fractionation Properties of Human Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic Factor)
Authors: Gobbi Franco
Published: June 2018

The fractionation properties of human Factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor, AHF, antihaemophilic globulin) have been studied using a plasma of congenital afibrinogenaemia as a starting material.

From a fibrinogen-free plasma, Factor VIII does not precipitate with ethanol at a final concentration of 8%; on the contrary the maximum yield is reached at an ethanol concentration of 25%.

With a precipitation method carried out by a one to ten dilution of plasma with distilled water and acidification by N/10 hydrochloric acid to a pFI 5.2, Factor VIII does not precipitate with the euglobulin fraction; when normal plasma is used, such a precipitation is almost complete.

With the salting-out fractionation method by ammonium sulphate, Factor VIII precipitates at a concentration between 25 and 33% of saturation either from fibrinogen-free and from normal human plasma.

A non-specific thromboplastic activity appears in the fractions prepared by every method. This activity, which is probably due to the activation of seric accelerators, is easily removed by Al(OH)s adsorption. Thus, in order to insure the specificity of Factor VIII assays, the preliminary adsorption of the fractions is indispensable before testing their antihaemophilic activity.

Fibrinogen and Factor VIII have different and definite precipitation patterns. When these two factors are associated the fractionation properties of AHF appear quite modified, showing a close similarity to those of fibrinogen. This fact can explain the technical difficulties encountered in the attempt to purify the antihaemophilic factor, and the lack of reproducible procedures for removing fibrinogen without affecting Factor VII.
Antithrombin as Substrate for the Enzyme Thrombin
Authors: Seegers Walter H. , Yoshinari Motoyuki , Landaburu Ricardo H.
Published: June 2018

In the interaction of thrombin (Th) and antithrombin (A) the activity of both is temporarily neutralized. Later thrombin activity regenerates and antithrombin is altered (P). Thrombin inactivates antithrombin. The experiments are interpreted on the basis of the Michaelis-Menton concept:

The ThA complex is quite stable and tends to form rapidly when the concentration of A is relatively high. Dissociation and formation of inactive antithrombin (P) is favored with relatively high concentrations of thrombin.
Facet Joint Osteoarthritis Affects Spinal Segmental Motion in Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Kitanaka Shigeyuki , Takatori Ryota , Arai Yuji , Nagae Masateru , Tonomura Hitoshi , Mikami Yasuo , Inoue Nozomu , Ogura Taku , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Kubo Toshikazu
Published: June 2018

Study Design:

This is a retrospective clinical case series (case-control study).

Objective:

To clarify the influence of facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) on the pathology of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) using in vivo 3-dimensional image analysis.

Summary of Background Data:

There are no radical treatments to prevent progression of DS in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis associated with DS. Therefore, an effective treatment method based on the pathology of DS should be developed.

Patients and Methods:

In total, 50 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis involving L4/5 who underwent dynamic computed tomography were divided into 2 groups: with DS [spondylolisthesis (Sp) group; 12 male, 14 female; mean age, 74 y]; and without DS (non-Sp group; 15 male, 9 female; mean age, 70 y). Degeneration of the intervertebral disk and FJOA at L4/5 were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Disk and intervertebral foramen heights, the distance between the craniocaudal edges of the facet joint, and the interspinous distance were measured on dynamic computed tomographic images. Also, in vivo 3-dimensional segmental motion was evaluated using the volume merge method.

Results:

There were no significant differences in degenerative findings for the intervertebral disk; however, progressive FJOA was detected in the Sp group. Dynamic changes in the distance between the craniocaudal edges of the facet joints were significantly larger in the Sp group.

Conclusions:

In this study, progressive FJOA and larger segmental motion in the distance between the craniocaudal edges of the facet joints were found in the Sp group. We clarified for the first time that DS involves ligament laxity due to FJOA that affects spinal segmental motion in vivo. We consider that a treatment method based on FJOA would be useful for treating patients with DS.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Dissemination of the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pediatric Clone (ST5-T002-IV-PVL+) as a Major Cause of Community-associated Staphylococcal Infections in Bedouin Children, Southern Israel
Authors: Rokney Assaf , Baum Moti , Ben-Shimol Shalom , Sagi Orli , Anuka Einav , Agmon Vered , Greenberg David , Valinsky Lea , Danino Dana
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Pediatric community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are emerging worldwide. High CA-MRSA carriage rates were previously described in healthy Bedouin children. We assessed demographic, clinical and molecular characteristics of pediatric MRSA infections in southern Israel.

Methods:

The Soroka University Medical Center laboratory serves the entire population of southern Israel, divided into 2 ethnic groups, Bedouins and Jews. All in-hospital MRSA clinical isolates from children 0 to 18 years old obtained in 2016 were included. Health care–associated and community-associated infections were defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition. All isolates were evaluated for staphylococcal cassette chromosome, Panton–Valentine leukocidin, S. aureus protein A type, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Results:

Overall, 95 MRSA isolates (18% of all S. aureus), with 25 different MRSA strains, were identified. Twenty-eight isolates (29.5% of MRSA) belonged to the pediatric clone, rarely observed in Israel, staphylococcal cassette chromosome IV, Panton–Valentine leukocidin positive, S. aureus protein A type 002. All isolates demonstrated identical pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis fingerprints. Eighty-two percent of infections caused by this clone were community-acquired, mainly observed in young Bedouin children, causing skin and soft-tissue infections. The new clone infection characteristics were similar to those of other CA-MRSA. All isolates of the pediatric clone were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, rifampicin and vancomycin; 17.8% were nonsusceptible to erythromycin and clindamycin.

Conclusion:

The pediatric CA-MRSA clone, previously described only in sporadic cases in Israel, is emerging among healthy, young Bedouin children, typically causing skin and soft-tissue infections. Isolates are susceptible to a variety of non–beta-lactam antibiotics.
Emodin Attenuates Autophagy Response to Protect the Pancreas From Acute Pancreatitis Failure
Authors: Yu Xiaozheng , Li Chunyun , Song Hechao , Wang Xueyan , Guo Yinan , Cui Lijian , Liu Xiaoya , Chi Cheng , Liu Ruixia , Yin Chenghong
Published: June 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of emodin on attenuating autophagy response in acute pancreatitis (AP) models.

Methods

Acute pancreatitis was induced in Wistar rats by injecting 3% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. Emodin (40 mg/kg per day) was then given intragastrically, administrated 2 hours after AP induction. Rats were killed 24 hours after AP induction. The pancreatic injury was assessed using biochemical and histological approaches. Autophagosomes in pancreatic acinar cells were observed by electron microscopy. The expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) B/A, beclin-1, and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) were detected by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry in pancreatic tissues.

Results

Compared with non–emodin-treated rats, the pathological injuries of the pancreas of emodin-treated rats were significantly alleviated, and autophagy vacuole formation was reduced within pancreatic acinar cells. Administration of emodin led to a reduction in the autophagy-associated protein level of LC3 (B/A) and p62 but not beclin-1. The transcript levels of LC3B, beclin-1, and p62 were decreased in the emodin-treated rats compared with non–emodin-treated rats.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that emodin plays a critical role in ameliorating AP, possibly by down-regulating autophagic protein levels.
Modern Practice of ʽManual Managementʽ in Russian Governmental and Municipal Authority
Authors: SHLYCHKOV Valeriy , KIYAMOV Ilgam , KULISH Sergey , NESTULAEVA Diana , ALAFUZOV Igor
Published: June 2018

Objectives: to define content and structure of ʽmanual managementʽ term; to analyze motives, legal framework, legitimacy, forms and methods of using ʽmanual proceduresʽ in the management processes in entities of governmental and municipal authority in the Russian Federation; to explore foreign experience in terms of ʽmanual managementʽ; to define ratios between ʽsystemʽ and ʽmanualʽ methods in Russian management practice and to evaluate the degree of their influence on social and economic life of modern Russian society. The methodological base of the research is comprised with methods and scientific cognition techniques widely used in research practice, namely: methods of deduction and induction, generalization, observation, forecasting, scientific abstraction techniques, system analysis, as well as classification and grouping instruments, elements of cross-industry and comparative historical analysis; expert estimations. Results of the research: authors have formulated own definition of ʽmanual managementʽ term; revealed reasons, conditions and motives for its applying by Russian bodies of governmental and municipal authority; described the most spread methods of its application and factors concerning increase of cases of refuse to use system procedures in modern practice of governmental and municipal management. Scientific novelty: considering the practice of Russian governmental and municipal management authors focus on the lately applied procedures of its exercising, such as creation of parallel management structures, transition to instruments of directive instructions, etc. On the basis of conducted analysis of activity performed by bodies of governmental and municipal authority in constituent of the Russian Federation authors have revealed ratio between ʽmanualʽ and ʽsystemʽ procedures used in management process, formulated definition of ʽmanual managementʽ term, disclosed conditions and motives for its application and also made a conclusion stating the main reasons for applying and extending ʽmanual managementʽ practice are the incompleteness and inconsistency of applicable Russian legislation, which on the one hand cannot reflect to the full extent the fundamental changes in social and economic spheres that took place in Russia within the recent decades, and on the other hand is far not always able to sufficiently regulate relationships between object and subject in the process of governmental and municipal management. Practical relevance: as a result of the research authors forecast the probable consequences of outlined tendency for extension of practice of ʽmanual managementʽ in bodies of governmental and municipal authority in both - in the medium and the longer term.
Illegal Uses of the Russian Maternity Capital
Authors: Russkikh Svetlana
Published: June 2018

Svetlana Russkikh – PhD Student in Sociology, University of Paris Descartes; The Institute for Demographic Studies (INED). Address: 12 l’École de Médecine St., Paris, 75006, France. E-mail: vetlana.russkikh@gmail.com

Citation: Russkykh S. (2018) Illegal Uses of the Russian Maternity Capital. Mir Rossii, vol. 27, no 3, pp. 180–197. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-3-180-197

 

This paper deals with the contemporary Russian pro-natalist policy, focusing on the social benefit program “Maternity Capital”. The main goal of this program is to increase the fertility rate, especially the birth of a second child. I analyze the legal and illegal uses of this program. First, I identify how recipient families intend to improve their living standards with the Maternity Capital. To this end, three types of legal uses are introduced: the acquisition of a first home, the expansion of the living space and the funding of a building project. Secondly, I show that these uses sometimes conflict with administrative, economic and personal constraints. In order to overcome these difficulties, some families chose to use the Maternity Capital in an illegal way. Thirdly, I argue that these illegal uses belong to three categories: fraudulent use, diverted use and subverted use. My claim is that: 1) Maternity Capital has some limits in its practical application; and 2) families illegally use the Maternity Capital in order to circumvent practical difficulties, but not the intent of the program.
Права человека в России: общественные дискуссии и институт государственного правозащитника
Authors: Нездюров Александр Леонардович , Сунгуров Александр Юрьевич
Published: June 2018

Александр Леонардович Нездюров – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, Департамент прикладной политологии, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Санкт-Петербург). Адрес: 190008, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Союза Печатников, д. 16. E-mail: nezdyurov@gmail.com

Александр Юрьевич Сунгуров – доктор политических наук, профессор, Департамент прикладной политологии, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Санкт-Петербург). Адрес: 190008, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Союза Печатников, д. 16. E-mail: asungurov@mail.ru

Цитирование: Нездюров А.Л., Сунгуров А.Ю. (2018) Права человека в России: общественные дискуссии и институт государственного правозащитника // Мир России. Т. 27. № 3. С. 61–81. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-3-61-81

 

Статья посвящена процессу институционализации прав человека в современной России, причем основное внимание уделяется развитию института Уполномоченного по правам человека как на федеральном, так и на региональном уровнях. После краткого введения в саму концепцию универсальности прав человека и ее роли в современном мире формулируются четыре основных направления исследования институционализации прав человека: 1) анализ состояния нормативного поля, насколько концепция универсальности прав человека инкорпорирована в российское позитивное право; 2) степень включения концепции прав человека в широкую общественную дискуссию; уровень развития собственно правозащитных структур, как 3) государственных (прежде всего института Уполномоченного по правам человека), так и 4) общественных правозащитных организаций. Этот текст сфокусирован на втором и третьем из перечисленных выше направлений. В рамках второго направления анализируется реакция правозащитного сообщества на инициативу Митрополита Кирилла представить православную трактовку обсуждаемой концепции. Далее в тексте освещаются основные этапы развития института Уполномоченного по правам человека, а также проводится краткий социологический анализ сообщества региональных российских омбудсманов. В заключение рассматриваются особенности работы трех Уполномоченных по правам человека: в Самарской и Свердловской областях и в Пермском крае.
Urbanization: Planting Forests in Pots
Authors: HOSSEIN SADRI
Published: June 2018

Taking plants from their original habitat and keeping them in pots is an illustrative example of manmade, power-oriented and unnatural habitation. Naturally, a plant cannot survive in a segregated environment of a pot. For this reason, diverse supportive activities such as watering, feeding or protecting must be planned. These supplying infrastructures create a great power for the caretaker over the life of the potted plant. Using the example of potted plants, this article tries to shed light on the social and ecological problems of urbanization.
Conflitos de gerações no ambiente de trabalho: o caso da Procuradoria Geral do Trabalho (PGT)
Authors: Sousa Rayanne Fidélis de , Gomes Adalmir De Oliveira
Published: June 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a percepção de trabalhadores da Procuradoria Geral do Trabalho (PGT) a respeito de conflitos que ocorrem entre as diferentes gerações no ambiente de trabalho. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso no Departamento de Administração da referida organização. A pesquisa foi de abordagem qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 indivíduos, entre servidores e terceirizados de diferentes gerações. Os resultados encontrados indicam que, em termos gerais, as três gerações presentes na organização - Baby Bommers, geração X e geração Y, possuem bom relacionamento no local de trabalho, contudo, foi identificada a ocorrência de conflitos, com destaque entre as gerações X e Y. Os conflitos identificados foram classificados como de relacionamento e de processo; e como funcionais, em relação às consequências. Os fatores pessoais são os mais frequentes geradores de conflitos entre as gerações. Ao final do artigo, são apresentadas possíveis explicações para os resultados, bem como sugestões de pesquisa para estudos futuros a respeito do tema.
A Teoria dos Stakeholders na perspectiva jurídica da Teoria da Agência: um ensaio teórico
Authors: Cruz Jose Elenilson
Published: June 2018

Permeando a questão que trata de quais interesses a administração deve privilegiar na condução de uma organização está o conflito de agência (HILL; JONES, 1992; JENSEN; MECKLING, 1976) e os recentes questionamentos feitos por Lan e Heracleous (2010); Heracleous e Lan (2012) e Wiseman, et al., (2012). Segundo Heracleous e Lan (2012), as soluções discutidas por eles para o conflito de agência reconhecem os interesses dos stakeholders. O presente texto foi elaborado por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e articulação teórica entre três teorias organizacionais: a) teoria dos stakeholders, teoria da agência e teoria da governança corporativa, tendo por objetivo identificar se os pressupostos da teoria dos stakeholders são reforçados pelas soluções propostas por Heracleous e Lan (2012) para o conflito de agência. As soluções propostas não são inovadoras no campo da teoria organizaconal e não abordam o problema central da teoria dos stakeholders. Não obstante, suas propostas instigam pesquisadores a buscar novos mecanismos capazes de oferecer soluções consistentes para os problemas de agência e contribuem para legitimar questões defendidas pela teoria dos stakeholders. The agency conflict is present in the debate about what interests the management should privilege in business management (HILL; JONES, 1992; JENSEN; MECKLING, 1976) and the recent questions posed by Lan and Heracleous (2010); Heracleous and Lan (2012) and Wiseman et al., 2012). According to Heracleous and Lan (2012), the solutions they discuss to the agency conflict recognize the interests of stakeholders. this article makes a bibliographical review and theoretical articulation of three organizational theories: a) the theory of the stakeholders, agency theory and theory of corporate governance, aiming to identify if the assumptions of the theory of the stakeholders are reinforced by the solutions proposed by Heracleous and Lan (2012) for the agency conflict. The proposed solutions are not innovative in the field of organizational theory and do not address the central problem of stakeholder theory. Nonetheless, its proposals instigate researchers to seek new mechanisms capable of offering consistent solutions to agency problems and contribute to legitimizing the issues advocated by stakeholder theory.
Analysis of Al 6061-TiO2 -CNT Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Stir Casting Process
Authors: Dewangan Shashank , Ganguly S. K. , Banchhor R.
Published: June 2018

Aluminium Hybrid Composites are the new group
of metal matrix composites (MMCs) due to their attractive
properties like high ductility, high conductivity, light weight
and high strength to weight ratio and is a response to the
dynamic ever-increasing demand of these super material in
the field of aircrafts and marines. Carbon Nanotube (CNTs)
are also known for their high strength and stiffness and their
low density which when combined together makes CNTs an
ideal reinforcement. This work briefly reviews the research
revelation of an Aluminium (Al-6061) based hybrid metal
matrix composite reinforced with CNTs and TiO2. The
Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) is
prepared with various CNTs weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1 and
1.5 wt. %) and keeping TiO2 weight percentage fixed to
1%.Stir Casting (SC) is focused in general to successfully
fabricate the MMCs. The discussion of this work revolves
around tensile test, hardness test, and Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) of the MMC. The mechanical properties
of the fabricated MMCs materials like tensile strength,
hardness and impact strength is found by using these
experimental methods. It has been observed that the tensile
strength of the MMCs increases in the presence of TiO2 and
CNTs and increases even more with the increase in the weight
fraction of CNTs. Same results have been obtained for
hardness and impact strength where there is an increase in
them in the presence of TiO2 and CNT and their value
increases even further with increase in weight fraction of
CNTs.
NGOs & Cultural Rights
Authors: Jakovljević Miljana
Published: June 2018

Even though the public image of non-governmental organizations in the Republic of Serbia is not wholly positive, a significant number are operating in the cultural field, promoting and protecting cultural rights. Yet the framework in which they operate is restricted, though not directly by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia or the many other laws relevant to culture identified in this article. This article will therefore offer an analysis of NGOs‘ operations via a normative analysis of domestic law and specific major legal acts, and then consider the socio-cultural context. The aim of this paper is to present the legal norms regulating NGOs as a means of assessing the conditions for the promotion of cultural rights, and then by extension to identify the conditions for actual development. For cultural rights are, in one sense, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, but are not fully manifest in practice. The existence of legal gaps, lack of adequate legal and financial knowledge, and the fact that the existing legal framework does not have an appropriate impact, are all factors that must be weighed and subject to critical insight.
Mechanistic prediction of post dryout heat transfer and rewetting
Authors: Cheng X. , Feuerstein F. , Klingel D. , Yu D. L.
Published: June 2018

Post dryout heat transfer and rewetting are important processes determining the level and the time duration of high temperature phase and the integrity of the fuel cladding. In spite of extensive studies in the past decades, reliable prediction methods are still missing due to the complexity of processes involved, which consist mainly of interaction between solid wall, main gas flow and droplets. In the present study, a phenomenological model is proposed considering the three individual heat transfer processes between the three parts. Main new features of the present model compared to the models available in the open literature are the mechanistic modeling of (a) droplet concentration and droplet size, (b) turbulent fluctuation velocity of droplets and its critical value, (c) evaporation rate of droplets arriving the wall. Comparison of the new model with selected experimental data shows at least qualitatively good agreement. The experimental behavior of wall temperature can be well explained. According to the new model the Leidenfrost effect results in the hysteresis behavior of wall temperature.
Neuroimaging Findings as a Predictor of Choice of Antiepileptic Drugs for Seizure Control in West Syndrome
Authors: Akter Naznin , Rahman Muhammad Mizanur , Akhter Shaheen , Fatema Kanij
Published: June 2018

Background: West syndrome (WS) is a severe form of encephalopathy that typically affects young infants ranges from 2-3.5/10,000 live births. Approximately 50% causes of Infantile Spasm are associated with prenatal factors that includes congenital CNS malformations, intrauterine insults, neurocutaneous syndromes such as Tuberous sclerosis complex, metabolic disorders or genetic syndromes and have poor prognosis. For early identification of underlying etiology a proper neuroimaging is essential that will also help to predict the outcome. For this reason my study aimed to correlate the presence of neuroradiologic abnormalities and its impact on seizure control in the children with West syndrome.Methodology: This retrospective cross sectional study was carried out in Institute of Pediatric Neurodisorder and Autism (IPNA) in BSMMU. All patients those who were diagnosed as a case of West syndrome in between age of 3 months to 3 years according to ILAE (International League against Epilepsy) during period of June 2013 to May 2015 were included in this study.Results: Thirty one (31) children with West Syndrome were studied, their mean age of presentation was 18±10.48 months, mean age of onset of seizure was 6.68±3.9 months, 67.7% of them were male. Patients with normal neuroradiologic findings had early remission of spasms and with anomalies, atrophy and calcification were associated with poor response to drug (p=0.03). ACTH was the most commonly used drug with good seizure remission where neuroimaging finding was normal and in cerebral atrophy as a consequence of perinatal asphyxia (p=0.06). Vigabatrin showed good seizure remission in WS due to Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.Conclusion: Seizure prognosis of West Syndrome differ greatly according to the type of brain lesion so in every suspected cases of West Syndrome early neuroimaging should have to be performed for choosing an appropriate antiepileptic drug.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (1) :9-14
Melioidosis in a Patient with Type I Diabetes Mellitus - A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Tasnima , Mollah Md Abid Hossain , Mohsin Fauzia , Nahar Jebun , Talha Abu
Published: June 2018

Melioidosis is a relatively uncommon but fatal infectious disease caused by the gram negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei which is usually found in the wet soil, mud and pooled surface water in tropic and subtropics. Documented reports of melioidosis from Bangladesh have been few and sporadic. All of the reported cases in Bangladesh were on adult. Melioidosis is commonly associated with underlying diseases like diabetes mellitus, renal diseases and immunodeficiency disorders. Early and correct diagnosis is important, as mortality in untreated melioidosis is high. Our patient, an eleven years old boy, a known case of diabetes mellitus, presented with fever for one month associated with right sided neck swelling, abdominal distension & pain for 10 days. He had an abscess on the right side of the neck and hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrasonography of abdomen showed multiple abscesses in the liver and spleen. Culture of pus drained from the neck abscess revealed growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei. After getting parenteral antibiotics and insulin, his abscesses gradually resolved and cured completely.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (1) :46-48
Abstract from Current Literature Vol.42(1)
Authors: Editor -
Published: June 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (1) :49-50