bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assess the level of damage to the coral reef ecosystem based on substrate coverage on Bira Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia
Authors: KOMALA RATNA , NOER MOHAMMAD ISNIN , MIARSYAH MIEKE , WIDYARTINI DWI SUNU , HANDAYANI HANDAYANI
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Komala R, Noer MI, Miarsyah M, Widyartini DS, Handayani. 2024. Assess the level of damage to the coral reef ecosystem based on substrate coverage on Bira Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 971-977. Coral reefs are coastal ecosystems that have an important ecological and economic role. Environmental pressures cause damage to ecosystems and decrease coral biodiversity. This study aims to analyze the level of damage to coral reef ecosystems based on substrate cover and obtain the latest information on coral reef ecosystem resources. The study employs a descriptive method with a survey design, utilizing Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) sampling at various depths along the coastline. The data is analyzed using Coral Point Count with Excel extension (CPCe) for substrate cover percentage and the Shannon-Wienner index for coral diversity. The findings reveal nine categories of basic substrate cover, with living hard corals constituting 32.51%, indicating a fairly damaged state. Coral resources are identified across 53 genera and 15 families, exhibiting medium diversity across stations and depths. The study highlights the need to monitor environmental threats that could further damage coral reefs and decrease diversity. The coral reef ecosystem in Bira Island is in a relatively damaged condition, with a decline in coral biodiversity, indicating an imbalance in the ecosystem. Several recommended steps include implementing coral restoration programs, monitoring coral growth, establishing critical coral habitat protection zones, and conducting conservation efforts.
Population dynamics of Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953 and Variola louti Fabricius, 1775 (Perciformes: Serranidae) in Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia
Authors: ACHMAD DEWI SHINTA , NURDIN MUH. SALEH , TILOME APRIS ARA , MOORE ABIGAIL M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Achmad DS, Nurdin MS, Tilome AA, Moore AM. 2024. Population dynamics of Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953 and Variola louti Fabricius, 1775 (Perciformes: Serranidae) in Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 978-989. The lyretail groupers Variola louti Fabricius, 1775 and Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953 (Epinephelinae) are valuable foodfishes. IUCN Red List assessments classified both species as Least Concern, while noting that some stocks are overfished. The purpose of this study on the population dynamics of Variola groupers in Kwandang Bay was to evaluate the exploitation level for both species in this important grouper fishing area of the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia. Population dynamics parameters were calculated based on length-frequency data collected from October 2022 to September 2023 using the ELEFAN I response surface analysis option in FISAT II. The asymptotic length at infinity TL? was 54.90 cm for V. louti and 54.40 cm for V. albimarginata with von Bertalanffy growth function K values 0.54 and 0.55, respectively. Recruitment occurred throughout the year, with monthly percentages of 1.08-13.52 % and 1.61-14.99%, respectively. Natural and fishing mortality were M = 1.04/year-1 and F = 1.17/year-1 for V. louti and M = 1.05/year-1 and F= 2.56/year-1 for V. albimarginata giving F/M ratios of 1.13:1 and 2.44:1. Beverton and Holt yield per recruit analysis gave exploitation rates (E = 0.53/year-1 and E = 0.71/year-1) exceeding the maximum sustainable value Emax = 0.37/year-1, indicating overexploitation of both species. To achieve the optimum exploitation rate of E50 = 0.24, fishing effort needs to be reduced by 29% for V. louti and 47% for V. albimarginata. Management options include setting a minimum legal size with recommended values of 32-33 cm and temporary closures during the peak reproductive season in May-June.
Effectiveness of Foeniculum vulgare leaf essential oil nanoemulsion as a natural insecticide against Aedes aegypti larvae and mosquitoes
Authors: WARDANI ARUM TRIYAS , KUSUMANINGSIH TRIANA , AINUROFIQ AHMAD
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Wardani AT, Kusumaningsih T, Ainurofiq A. 2024. Effectiveness of Foeniculum vulgare leaf essential oil nanoemulsion as a natural insecticide against Aedes aegypti larvae and mosquitoes. Biodiversitas 25: 990-997. The control of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) was by breaking the chain of transmission by controlling Aedes aegypti larvae and mosquitoes. One alternative to controlling mosquito larvae is to use natural materials because they are more environmentally friendly and do not cause harmful residual effects. This study used a Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) leaf as a natural insecticide to kill Ae. aegypti larvae and mosquitoes. Steam distillation was done to extract essential oils from the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. leaves. F. vulgare leaf essential oil was made as nanoemulsion with tween 80, PEG 400, essential oil, and aqua demineralized. GC-MS results showed that the main ingredients in F. vulgare. leaf essential oil were anethole, estragole, bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene, 4-methyl-1-(1-methyl ethyl)-,?-pinene, cyclohexene, 1-methyl-5-(1-methyl ethenyl)-, (R)-.The current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an F. vulgare essential oil nanoemulsion as a larvicidal, adulticidal Ae.aegypti mosquito. The study results obtained LC50 values for each formula I, II, and III were 0.098, 0.317, 0.157 µL/mL, and LC90 values for each formula I, II, and III were 0.158, 0.416, 0.245 µL/mL. Fennel leaf essential oil nanoemulsion was tested on adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes aged 3-5 days. The results of the study obtained LC50 values for each formula I, II, III were 7.768, 10.575, 5.069 g/m3, and LC90 values for each formula I, II, III were 15.191, 27.565, 8.892 g/m3. The difference in the effectiveness of each formula may be due to the large number of essential oils in the formula. F. vulgare leaf essential oil could be an environmentally friendly natural insecticide with less residual effect.
Estimation of blight and spot diseases severity in Ciherang and Ciliwung rice varieties based on vegetation index algorithms
Authors: BANDE LA ODE SANTIAJI , HASAN ASMAR
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Bande LOS, Hasan A. 2024. Estimation of blight and spot diseases severity in Ciherang and Ciliwung rice varieties based on vegetation index algorithms. Biodiversitas 25: 1015-1021. Blight and spot diseases are often associated with rice plant, causing high disease severity and potentially reducing crop production. One effective disease management strategy is using resistant varieties and intensive disease monitoring through camera sensor technology and vegetation index-based image processing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the severity of blight and spot diseases on two rice plant varieties based on vegetation indexes. Image recording was carried out on rice field and leaf samples of Ciherang and Ciliwung varieties. This was followed by image processing based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to determine the proportion of sick/healthy plants in the field and dark green color index (DGCI) to quantify disease severity. The results showed that the proportion of healthy plant in Ciliwung rice field was greater than in Ciherang as shown by NDVI. Based on DGCI, Ciliwung also had a relatively lower level of disease severity compared to Ciherang, although the difference was not statistically significant. Blight disease caused more severe damage to rice leaf than spot disease based on image processing results. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the increase in DGCI and NDVI.
Effectiveness of Rhodococcus erythropolis strain OPI-01 on the fungal development in winter wheat
Authors: BEHZAD ABDULLAH , DIAKITE SIMBO , ASTARKHANOVA TAMARA SARZHANOVNA , PAKINA ELENA NIKOLAEVNA , ALLEN DUANYO , MOHAMMADI PAI MOHAMMAH , DIARRA OUSMANE , SAQUEE FRANCESS SIA
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Behzad A, Diakite S, Astarkhanova TS, Pakina EN, Allen D, Mohammadi PM, Diarra O, Saquee FS. 2024. Effectiveness of Rhodococcus erythropolis strain OPI-01 on the fungal development in winter wheat. Biodiversitas 25: 1063-1070. One of the means of sustainable wheat production is using bacterial pesticides, which can synthesize phytohormonal substances with antibacterial and antifungal action. Therefore, the work aimed to study the effect of different doses of a new growth regulator Restart, ZH (Rhodococcus erythropolis D strain OPI-01) on winter wheat yield. The findings of field experiments on the effect of plant growth regulator R. erythropolis strain OPI-01 method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds (at 0.1 L/t and 0.2 L/t), and soil spraying just before sowing (-0.5 l/ha) revealed that on average, during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 seasons, the number of productive stems increased by a margin of 23-30, the number of grains in 1 ear increased in the experimental units by 16.2-19.4%, and the length of the ear by 0.3-0.7cm, gluten varied from 32.3 to 33.8%, yield increased from 27.8-33.0% relative to the control. Disease severity and incidence of powdery mildew, brown rust and Septoria disease in plots amended withR. erythropolis strain OPI-01 was 2-fold less than in the control plots. Research trials show the efficacy of R. erythropolis strain OPI-01 under field conditions as a plant growth regulator and a potential microbial fungicide against some foliar diseases of winter wheat. It would be exciting to study the mechanism of R. erythropolis on wheat pathogens in vitro and in planta which are still less developed in the literature.
Profile microsatellite mining of whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic assembly in dwarf and tall areca nut (Areca catechu) in Indonesia
Authors: ROMADHON MUHAMMAD ROIYAN , SOBIR SOBIR , SUWARNO WILLY BAYUARDI , MATRA DEDEN DERAJAT
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Romadhon MR, Sobir, Suwarno WB, Matra DD. 2024. Profile microsatellite mining of whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic assembly in dwarf and tall areca nut (Areca catechu L.) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1081-1088. Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) has high diversity in fruit shape and flowering time. Two superior varieties are commonly cultivated in Indonesia, namely Betara areca nut (tall) and Emas areca nut (dwarf). Molecular level diversity from genomic and transcriptome of areca nut data is available at NCBI, but not yet for Indonesian areca nut. The research compared the results of SSR with two method approaches to detect genetic diversity in the plants accurately. This study aimed to compare the SSR motifs of Betara areca nut and Emas areca nut varieties from whole genome sequencing and transcriptome assembly. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo Seed Centre Laboratory of the IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. The methods used are Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and transcriptome assembly. A total number of identified SSRs from WGS approach from Betara areca nut of 95 SSRs and Emas areca nut of 95 SSRs, while Betara areca nut SSRs from transcriptome assembly of 466 SSRs and Emas areca nut of 357 SSRs. The percentage of contigs and transcripts from Betara areca nut containing SSR was 7.43% and 4.22%, respectively, while Emas areca nut was 8.06% and 2.04%, respectively. AT is the dominant SSR motif in WGS, while the GA motif dominates the transcriptome assembly results.
The selection index of S3 corn convergent breeding population based on multivariate analysis
Authors: MAKMUR MAKMUR , FARID MUH. , ALA AMBO , MANDJA KATRIANI , ANSHORI MUHAMMAD FUAD , FADHILAH ANNASTYA NUR
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Makmur, Farid M, Ala A, Mandja K, Anshori MF, Fadhilah AN. 2024. The selection index of S3 corn convergent breeding population based on multivariate analysis. Biodiversitas 25: 1097-1103. Corn is one of the most important and strategic food crops in the world, including Indonesia. Increasing corn production through a plant breeding program by assembling hybrid varieties begins with developing a convergent breeding population and index selection. The research aims to identify genetic variance and the effectiveness of selection indices in selecting high-yield S3 cross populations. The research was carried out in Rea Village, Binuang Sub-District, Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi from July to November 2022. The research used an augmented design with four blocks. Sixty-six lines were derived from 4 double cross populations and 8 populations of the S3 generation multiple-cross population, as well as 9 check varieties (NK7328, Pioneer 36, Bisi 18, Bisi 2, NK99, Nasa 29, JH45, Bisi 9, and NK212) were used in this study. The results indicate that the length of cobs (5.98;73.59%), length of seed cobs (7.06; 79.46%), weight of 100 seeds (7.75; 89.30%), and weight of seeds per cob (7.84; 65.59%) have moderate genetic variance and high heritability. The characteristics of stem diameter, yield percentage, and weight of seed per cob were effectively used in the selection index formulation. Based on the index selection, there were 14 potential corn lines with a good performance, recommended for the next hybridization stage.
Distribution and FTIR-based fingerprint of secondary metabolites in different organs of ant-plant (Myrmecodia tuberosa)
Authors: LESTARI NIYA BUDHI , SULISTYANINGSIH YOHANA C. , UMAR ABDUL HALIM , RATNADEWI DIAH
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Lestari NB, Sulistyaningsih YC, Umar AH, Ratnadewi D. 2024. Distribution and FTIR-based fingerprint of secondary metabolites in different organs of ant-plant (Myrmecodia tuberosa). Biodiversitas 25: 1104-1115. Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack, or ant-plant, is widely used as a traditional medicine. The plant has the potential to be antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant. Its domatium is believed to contain valuable substances, rendering people to collect the organ that devastates the whole plant. Therefore, the distribution and nature of the major substances in the leaf, petiole, and domatium must be investigated. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolites and their accumulation sites through anatomy and histochemistry. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and chemometrics supported the determination. Microscopic preparations made observations of the anatomy and secretory structures of transverse and paradermal sections. Histochemical studies were performed with specific reagents. M. tuberosa has a hypostomatic leaf blade with parasitic stomata. The main secretory structure is the idioblast. Idioblasts are scattered over various tissues, such as the epidermis, hypodermis, palisade, spongy mesophyll, and cuticle of the leaf blade, in the epidermal tissue, chlorenchyma cortex, and cuticle of petiole and the periderm, cortex, and pith of domatium. Terpenoids, phenols, lipophilic compounds, essential oils, and flavonoids were found in the leaf blade, petiole, and domatium, whereas alkaloids were present only in the petioles. FTIR demonstrated the main functional groups in the three organs are similar, while the principal component analysis distinguished domatium from leaf blade and petiole.
Ant communities and their trophobionts shape the incidence of pests and diseases in Indonesia’s coffee agroforestry system
Authors: MUHAMMAD FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN , RIZALI AKHMAD , RAHARDJO BAMBANG TRI
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Muhammad FN, Rizali A, Rahardjo BT. 2024. Ant communities and their trophobionts shape the incidence of pests and diseases in Indonesia’s coffee agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 25: 1127-1134. Ants play various roles in a coffee agroecosystem, and their presence may impact biological control in coffee plantations. Despite the pantropical economic importance of coffee, most research is focused on the Americas. This study investigates how ant communities and their trophobionts shape the incidences of pests and diseases in the Indonesian shade coffee agroecosystem. Three 30 m x 30 m plots consisting of a total of 256 coffee plants were observed from January to March 2022. Ant communities and their trophobiont were observed using three methods: visual, tuna bait, and live bait. The ants found were classified into dominant and non-dominant based on their nesting behavior and dominance in the bait trap. Pest damage and disease intensity observation were also conducted three times. Generalized linear models were used to test the relationships between ant, hemipteran, coffee berry borer, twig borer damage and leaf rust disease intensity. Twenty-one species of ants were found, and five of them were categorized as dominant ants. Ants correlate coffee pest damage and disease intensity, their hemipteran trophobionts, or both. Dolichoderus thoracicus ant positively correlated with all trophobiont hemipteran and negatively correlated with twig borer damage. Technomyrmex albipes positively correlated with aphids but negatively with flatids. Meanwhile, Tetraponera sp.1 ant only positively correlated with flatids. In trophobiont hemipteran group, all except aphids positively correlated with coffee pests and disease. Scale insect Coccus viridis positively correlated with coffee leaf rust and twig borer infestation intensity, while flatid presence even positively correlated with all coffee plant pest and disease intensity. Indirectly, ants may reduce coffee pests and diseases through hemipteran suppression. The results suggest that the interaction of ants and their trophobiont hemipteran can act as a biological control agent for coffee pests and diseases.
Predicting the current and future distributions of Pinus merkusii in Southeast Asia under climate change
Authors: SULTON MUHAMMAD NUR , AURINA DEVI MAYANG , MUHAMMAD FARHAN , FADZILAH FARIZ PRADHANA ADIL , HANUN ZAHRA , INDRAWAN MUHAMMAD , BUDIHARTA SUGENG , SUPRIATNA JATNA , NURSAMSI ILYAS , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Sulton MN, Aurina DM, Muhammad F, Fadzilah FPA, Hanun Z, Indrawan M, Budiharta S, Supriatna J, Nursamsi I, Setyawan AD. 2024. Predicting the current and future distributions of Pinus merkusii in Southeast Asia under climate change. Biodiversitas 25: 1135-1143. Pinus merkusii Jungh. Et de Vriese is a native pine species of Southeast Asia with primary distribution in Indonesia, especially in the mountainous areas of northern Sumatra. The P. merkusii has an important role in the forest ecosystem including maintaining ecosystem stability, reducing soil erosion, and providing habitat for various types of flora and fauna. Climate change is expected to affect the growth, development and distribution of plants, so this study aims to predicting the current dan future distribution of P. merkusii in Southeast Asia under climate change. We used Maxent and Geographic Information System (GIS), which incorporated bioclimatic, edaphic, and UVB radiation variables, to predict the suitable areas of P. merkusii under current and future climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) and three time periods (2030, 2050, and 2080). Our findings indicate that compared to current, there will be an increase of suitable areas for P. merkusii in 2030 across all climate scenarios with RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 represent 9.53%, 9.66%, 9.73%, and 9.91% of Southeast Asia terrestrial area, respectively. In 2050, such increase will continue under all climate scenarios with RCP 4.5 has the largest proportion of suitable area (10.39%). However, in 2080, the suitable areas are likely to reduce compared with 2050 with RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 have a percentage of 9.21%, 9.69%, 10.29%, and 9.81%, respectively. Our predictions showed that there will be a geographical shift of suitable area of P. merkusii into higher elevation and latitude, migrating east and northeast. Our findings about the potential future distribution of P. merkusii might be used as a reference for cultivation according to predicted suitable areas in the future.
The suppression of Ganoderma boninense on oil palm under mixed planting with taro plants
Authors: SUWANDI SUWANDI , ALESIA MONICA , MUNANDAR RUDI PUTRA , FADLI RAHMAD , SUPARMAN SUPARMAN , IRSAN CHANDRA , MUSLIM A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Suwandi S, Alesia M, Munandar RP, Fadli R, Suparman S, Irsan C, Muslim A. 2024. The suppression of Ganoderma boninense on oil palm under mixed planting with taro plants. Biodiversitas 25: 1143-1150. Basal stem rot, caused by Ganoderma boninense, is highly destructive in monoculture oil palm plantations. This study evaluated Ganoderma boninense infections and oil palm growth in mixed plantings of oil palm seedlings and taro plants (Japanese, Bogor, and Indralaya taro). Ganoderma, colonizing rubber wood blocks, was inoculated into mixed plants, and the infection was compared to single-inoculated oil palm and taro plants. The interference of mixed planting with taro plants on the growth of oil palm seedlings was compared between inoculated and noninoculated mixed and single planting. Ganoderma inoculation caused simultaneous disease (dual-host infection) in mixed oil palm and taro plants. Ganoderma infection was less severe in taro plants compared to oil palm, whether in single or mixed planting. Over six months, oil palm root necrosis and disease index were reduced by 82% to 96% and 65% to 71%, respectively, while no significant effect was observed at nine months. The decay of Ganoderma-colonized wood improved by 44.1% to 84.0% in mixed planting, with no significant impact on mycelium viability. Taro plants did not inhibit oil palm growth, including plant height, leaf area, and relative growth rate of primary root length, in both the presence and the absence of Ganoderma infection. This study highlights the potential of mixed planting with taro to reduce Ganoderma disease in oil palm.
Morphological, anatomical and genetic diversity of Nanhaia speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) J.Compton & Schrire from Northern Vietnam
Authors: ONG PHONG XUAN , CAO CUONG BA , KHANG DO TAN , HUY TRAN GIA , CAO PHI BANG , CHU HA DUC , NGUYEN DINH VAN , LA HONG VIET
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ong PX, Cao CB, Khang DT, Huy TG, Cao PB, Chu HD, Nguyen DV, La HV. 2024. Morphological, anatomical and genetic diversity of Nanhaia speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) J.Compton & Schrire from Northern Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 1174-1184. Nanhaia speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) J.Compton & Schrire has been considered a captivating plant species known for its remarkable attributes and contributions to ecological systems and human use. This medicinal plant originated from tropical Southeast Asia regions. However, the investigation of this species in Vietnam has been still lacking. This study comprehensively analyzed N. speciosa samples obtained in Vietnam; the morphological and anatomical characteristics of N. speciosa leaflets and flower samples collected from different regions were analyzed. As a result, the structural components of the flower were slightly similar between these samples, whereas the leaflet shape exhibited variations in the leaflet base, petiole, and leaflet apex. According to the ISSR and RAPD analysis, we demonstrated that N. speciosa found in ND genotypes (Tan Yen, Bac Giang) exhibited clearly different genetic backgrounds from CSS (Loc Binh, Lang Son) and CSD (Son Dong, Bac Giang) genotypes. Based on the clustering diagram of ISSR markers, 15 plant genotypes were classified into 2 large clusters, A and B, with genetic similarity ranging from 0.62 to 0.90. The RAPD dendrogram illustrated two main clusters, C and D, with genetic similarity ranging from 0.57 to 0.92. Therefore, this study could provide a solid foundation for identifying and characterizing N. speciosa species in Vietnam and a direction for advanced research on conservation, sustainable breeding, and exploiting pharmaceutical values.
The use of 18S rRNA for identification of the first record of Tadpole Shrimp Lepidurus apus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Jordan
Authors: ABUSHATTAL SAQR , ALNASARAT HUSSEIN , ALNAIMAT SULAIMAN M. , EID EHAB
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Abushattal S, Alnasarat H, Alnaimat SM, Eid E. 2024. The use of 18S rRNA for identification of the first record of Tadpole Shrimp Lepidurus apus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Jordan. Biodiversitas 25: 1223-1229. The tadpole shrimps are living fossils that survive in temporary water pools and are considered benthic organisms that swim and feed on tiny organisms. Two genera of tadpole shrimps exist worldwide: Triops and Lepidurus, which share similar ecological niches and habitats but never coincide. The occurrence of the tadpole shrimp Lepidurus apus in Jordan was confirmed for the first time using the 18S rRNA Gene-Based PCR Assay. The experimental approach encompassed the amplification of biological specimens utilizing a universal amplicon measuring approximately 1,500 base pairs (bp), specifically targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Subsequently, the acquired sequences underwent scrutiny through BlastN search against the GenBank database for validation and comparative analysis. Genetic analysis was needed to define the species accurately, especially with tadpole shrimp's generally high morphological variability. This species was recorded in a temporary freshwater pool in the desert of Al-Jafr in Ma’an governorate in southern Jordan. The DNA analysis showed a 100% identical sequence of the 18S rRNA gene with Lepidurus apus sequences. This record is important due to the ecological role of the tadpole shrimps as filter feeders, consuming algae, bacteria, and other small particles of organic matter, and as a food source for various fish, birds, and other aquatic animals. In addition, it will pave the way for future research to identify its economic importance, such as its role in mosquito control and its potential role in aquaculture. Finally, tadpole shrimp are sensitive to environmental changes and could be used to indicate climatic changes and habitat degradation. This is mainly due to their sensitivity to changes in water quality, including temperature, pH, and chemical composition, and their niche requirements for survival and reproduction. In addition, monitoring tadpole shrimp distribution and comparing it with historical records can reveal patterns of climate-induced range shifts.
Molecular detection of hlyF gene on multidrug resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from ducks on wet markets of Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: KENDEK IRFAN ALIAS , PUTRI MARIANA FEBRILIANTI RESILINDA , WIBISONO FRESHINTA JELLIA , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , TYASNINGSIH WIWIEK , UGBO EMMANUEL NNABUIKE , AGUMAH NNABUIFE BERNARD
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Kendek IA, Putri MFR, Wibisono FJ, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Agumah NB. 2024. Molecular detection of hlyF gene on multidrug resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from ducks on wet markets of Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1246-1252. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a strain of pathogen that can cause colibacillosis in poultry, including ducks worldwide. This disease can be influenced by various virulence genes, one of which is the hlyF gene which can cause systemic disorders and potentially become zoonotic in poultry. This study aimed to detect the hlyF virulence gene from the multidrug resistance (MDR) properties of Escherichia coli originating from 158 duck cloacal swab samples from seven live markets in Surabaya. Samples were isolated and identified using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) and MacConkey Agar (MCA) media, Gram staining, and then continued with biochemical tests of Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA), Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), Methyl red (MR) and Voges-Proskauer (VP). Samples were tested for MDR properties and continued with confirmation of the hlyF virulence gene using PCR. Based on the results of this study, it showed that 85% (134/158) were positive for Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli bacteria experienced resistance to the antibiotic erythromycin 96% (129/134), ciprofloxacin 16% (22/134), antibiotics gentamicin 15% (20/134), aztreonam 4.4% (6/134) and chloramphenicol 3% (5/58). The MDR test results in this study were 15% (20/134), while the PCR test results for the hlyF gene were 60% (12/20). Therefore, Escherichia coli was found to have the hlyF virulence gene, an MDR in Escherichia coli bacteria at the Surabaya live market. Furthermore, APEC strains with the hlyF gene, an MDR, potentially affect public health.
Influence of seagrass traits on the diversity of endophytic fungi
Authors: KINAMOT VENUS B.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Kinamot VB. 2024. Influence of seagrass traits on the diversity of endophytic fungi. Biodiversitas 25: 1254-1263. The interest in endophytic fungi has grown recently because of their potential to enhance plant growth, tolerate stresses, and modulate phytohormone synthesis. Understanding how plants influence their endophytic fungal assemblage is vital to manipulating them for biotechnological applications. In this study, Bray-Curtis analysis determined the variation of endophytic fungal assemblage among different seagrass species. Leaf/root area, leaf/root dry matter content, leaf mass per area, leaf toughness, and specific leaf area of seagrasses were measured using a standard protocol. The Folin-Ciocalteau method was utilized to quantify the phenolic and tannin contents in seagrasses using tannic acid as standard. Canonical correspondence analysis correlated the influence of seagrass traits on endophytic fungal diversity. Results showed that endophytic fungal diversity varied with seagrass hosts in which higher similarity of the fungal assemblage was observed among the same seagrass species than in different seagrass species. The seagrass traits mediated the variation of endophytic fungi. Phenolic and tannin in seagrasses significantly influenced the diversity of endophytic fungi. An antifungal assay using the methanolic crude extract of seagrasses had 80-100% mycelial growth inhibition to the five species of endophytic fungi tested, which could be accounted for the chemicals like phenol and tannin that the seagrass hosts produce.
Investigation of the effect of electric field on bacteria isolated from skin infection
Authors: AL-SALAMI RABAB BASSIM , MUKHAIFI EMAN ABOOB , AL-TAMIMI WIJDAN HUSSEIN
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Al-Salami RB, Mukhaifi EA, Al-Tamimi WH. 2024. Investigation of the effect of electric field on bacteria isolated from skin infection. Biodiversitas 25: 1320-1328. Nineteen bacterial isolates were obtained from twenty-six samples obtained from various patients with skin infections in the current study. These bacteria were identified by a genetic method depending on 16S rRNA and the molecular identification of cna and fnbA genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected, and an antimicrobial electric field was applied using various voltages and durations to target both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that Staphylococcus sp. was the most dominant genera, followed its Acinatobacter sp. The high frequent species was Staphylococcus aureus (24%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (21%), Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus argenteus (10.5%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter variabilis (5.2%). Eleven new strains were identified and recorded in GenBank. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates to evaluate their close relationship and evolution between them. The bands of each amplified cna and fnbA gene were described at 192 bp and 191 bp respectively. The effect of the antimicrobial electric field showed an extremely high and significant decrease of the viable bacterial count of S. haemolyticus and A. baumannii after the exposure to an electric field of (1-5) V for 15 min, where the viable count of bacteria reduced sharply with percentage bacterial death (19-95%) and (16-100%), respectively, and from (66-100%) and (52-100%) after 30 min, respectively.
The role of VDR and TNF gene polymorphism in cytokine regulation in type I diabetes mellitus of the Uzbek population, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Authors: RAYIMOVA FARIZA , DUSHANOVA GAVHAR , ALIKULOV BEGALI , KAMALOV ZAYNITDIN , RUZIBAKIEVA MALIKA , NABIYEVA FARANGIZ , RAJABOV ASATILLO
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Rayimova F, Dushanova G, Alikulov B, Kamalov Z, Ruzibakieva M, Nabiyeva F, Rajabov A. 2024. The role of VDR and TNF gene polymorphism in cytokine regulation in type I diabetes mellitus of the Uzbek population, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 25: 1329-1336. After 2000, diabetes became one of the most common diseases in the world. Special attention is paid to the research to determine the variability of genetic processes in patients in the origin and development of this disease. The article is devoted to the study of the connection between the polymorphism of genotypes GG, GA, AA polymorphism BsmI of the VDR- (Vitamin D receptor) gene and GG, GA of the TNF-A-308G/A- (Tumor necrosis factor A) gene with the regulation of cytokines TNF? and IL6-Interleykin 6 in sick and healthy individuals of the Samarkand region of the Uzbek population. The analysis of the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene and TNF-A-308G/A indicates the involvement of certain genotypes in the Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) pathogenesis. The age of onset of the disease in the studied population is from 7 years, but the increase in the incidence of diseases begins from 10 years. Type 1 diabetes is more common in females. Studies of the relationship between the cytokines TNF? and IL6 show their high content depending on the genotypes GG, GA, and AA of the BsmIA polymorphism of the VDR gene and the genotypes GG and GA of the gene. TNF-A-308G/A. However, the highest rates were recorded in individuals with the AA genotype of the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene. The obtained results can serve as fundamental knowledge in revealing and explaining the mechanisms of cytokinin control in people with diabetes in different populations of the same nation.
Henry James and the Opposite of Innocence
Authors: Silbaugh Lucy
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The word "innocence" is ubiquitous in James scholarship, especially in studies of his late novels. But the word operates in two semantic realms: an epistemological one (where its counterpart is knowledge) and a moral one (where its counterpart is guilt). Even as critics recognize the importance of "innocence" to James, however, the tension between these two meanings of the word has not been seriously explored. I argue that James increasingly exploits the polysemy of "innocence," drawing the two meanings together as characters like Lambert Strether and Fanny Assingham try to prevent immorality by keeping themselves ignorant of it.
Empathic Space in Henry James's "The Jolly Corner"
Authors: Talmann Andrea
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This essay explores the spatial dynamics in James's short story "The Jolly Corner," arguing for the existence of a non-material or so-called empathic space generated by characters' physical and mental movements within the material and mental/imagined spaces of the storyworld. This cognitive literary analysis of "empathic spaces" in James's fiction draws on empathy's embodied and spatial nature rooted in the origins of empathy in German psychological aesthetics and experimental psychology of the early twentieth century. The essay highlights how Jamesian spaces function as experimental sites of intersubjective and empathic experience.
Frères de race, amis de couleur : Diasporic Solidarities in the French Abolitionist Press
Authors: Solomon Maria Beliaeva
Published: May 2024

Abstract: As the first French periodical directed by people of color, the Revue des Colonies (1834–42) was remarkable for its militant abolitionism, its attention to global Black writers and cultural figures, and its fostering of intellectual and political solidarities across the French colonial world and beyond. By attending to the networks of circulation that enabled the passage of emancipatory ideas across national and linguistic borders, this article argues for the significance of the Revue as a forebear of later iterations of Black internationalism.
Determinism versus the Fantastic: Toward a Hermeneutics of Enchantment
Authors: Cropper Corry , Phenix Sara
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The nineteenth-century French fantastic can be read as a reaction against a form of determinism exemplified by the work of Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827). The fantastic posits a way of perceiving the world based on an understanding of objects not bound by the rules that science and probability impose on them. It gives voice to a counter-Enlightenment conception of the world, one that allows for unpredictability, faith, emotion, the irrational, and enchantment. In short, the fantastic creates a place for the human in an increasingly deterministic, utilitarian world.
Twilight of the Wagnerian God: Reexamining Huysmans's and Mallarmé's Poetic Critique of Wagner
Authors: Heck Adeline
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This article offers a comparative study of Huysmans's poetic paraphrase "L'Ouverture de Tannhæuser" (1885) and Mallarmé's sonnet "Hommage" (1886). The texts were commissioned by the editor of the Revue wagnérienne , Édouard Dujardin, following a concert of Wagnerian excerpts the three attended. However, despite that original connection, these two Wagnerian poems have never been analyzed side by side. This essay is the first to juxtapose them in order to uncover commonalities in their attitude toward Wagner and music, a subject in which neither author was formally trained. Ultimately, I argue that the poems as creative and critical texts helped define French Wagnerism as a movement split between its reverence and irreverence of Wagner. They did so by poking fun at the "God Richard Wagner" and his cult-like following, an iconoclastic gesture that paved the way for the questioning of poetic norms among the French avant-garde of the mid–1880s.
Coal and Fuel Alternatives in the Novels of Jules Verne
Authors: O'Neil-Henry Anne
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This article analyzes the function of coal in a selection of novels by Jules Verne. Certain novels in the Voyages extraordinaires series depict successful, if utopian, coal-based electrical technologies as well as an efficiently run global travel and trade system powered by coal; other works in the series, however, engage contemporary nineteenth-century discourses about future coal scarcity. Still others deploy a lack of coal to create narrative tension before an alternative energy source—walrus oil, wood, geothermal energy—arrives as a temporary fix. These literary approaches to coal in Verne's narratives testify to both the possibilities and anxieties surrounding fuel in the late nineteenth century and show that if Verne is cognizant of debates about impending coal shortages, he ultimately reinforces the promises—and delusions—of a nascent fossil fuel economy.
The Right Fight: The Culinary Union vs the Elardi Family in Las Vegas, 1991-1998
Authors: Kraus Dana
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Organized Labor commands a major role in the operations of Las Vegas's hotel and casino industry. The current dominant position of the Culinary Union that includes hotel workers as well as casino employees in the large gaming properties arose from bitter struggles between the industry and labor dating back to the 1970s, and the murder of union leader Elmer "Al" Bramlet. The strike against the Elardi family's Frontier Casino at the outset of the 1990s brings into focus the challenges of union organization in a Right-to-Work state such as Nevada and the national anti-labor policies initiated by Ronald Reagan's presidency in the 1980s. Wages, conditions of work, scope of work, healthcare, equal pay for equal work (status of male and female workers), the right to strike, and the worker's right to be rehired by an employer also became hard-fought causes in the struggle for union contracts and worker representation by a union. The strike against the Frontier Casino and other Elardi properties became a key point of controversy in the Culinary Union's battle to represent the interests of workers across the broad spectrum of Las Vegas's hotel-casinos from the smallest casinos to the largest resort-hotel-casinos with their many amenities of entertainment, fine dining, recreational facilities, and in some cases art galleries.
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALLITES
Authors: Ioelovich Michael Yacob
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a set of methods was used to study the structural characteristics and properties of cellulose nanocrystallites and free cellulose nanocrystalline particles (CNCs). It was shown that cellulose nanocrystallites have three main distinctive features. The first distinctive feature of cellulose nanocrystallites is their rod-like shape with a quite high aspect ratio and a low percolation threshold. The second distinctive feature of nanocrystallites is their highly developed specific surface area that leads to the spontaneous crystallization and aggregation of rod-like crystallites by their lateral planes. This aggregation process is thermodynamically favorable because it leads to a decrease in the specific surface area of nanocrystallites and a reduction of the thermodynamic potential. The third distinctive feature of cellulose nanocrystallites is the paracrystalline structure of their surface layers, which significantly affects structural characteristics such as lattice distortion, interplanar spacings, parameters, and volume of the crystalline unit cell, etc. Along with structure, the paracrystalline fraction affects also important physical and physical-chemical properties of cellulose, such as accessibility to deuteration, the content of CII-allomorph after cellulose alkalization, melting point of nanocrystallites, etc. Correlation equations were derived that provide to predict the structural characteristics and properties of nanocrystallites using the content of the paracrystalline fraction.
A short review on deciphering Vyadhikshamatva: insights from HLA-B27-ankylosing spondylitis relation
Authors: P Athul T , Deogade Meena S , Nesari Tanuja M , Ramachandran Athira
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Various aspects of the concept of Vyadhikshamatva have been thoroughly explored, highlighting its profound significance in resisting disease manifestation, particularly in the context of Ankylosing spondylitis. Investigated the relationship between HLA-B27 and Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by examining current knowledge and hypotheses Furthermore, efforts were made to portray the influence of prakruti (constitution) and balam (strength) on disease manifestation and progression.

Methods

Ayurvedic literature along with contemporary research works was analyzed for correlating various aspects like vyadhikshamatva,oja (The final essence of all body elements), and balam along with their influence on the defensive mechanism of the body. A thorough literature search was conducted to explore the strong association between HLA-B27 and AS by examining various hypotheses like the Arthritogenic peptide hypothesis, the Misfolding hypothesis, the Surface Homodimer hypothesis, and the β2 microglobulin hypothesis that attempts to explain the pathogenic role of HLA-B27 in AS. Alongside classical Ayurvedic texts, databases like PubMed and Scopus were searched using keywords such as Immunity, Ankylosing spondylitis, Vyadhikshamatva, HLA-B27, Balam, and Autoimmune disorder with the help of Boolean operators.

Results

The review highlighted the critical role of Vyadhikshamatva in disease prevention, particularly in influencing the manifestation of conditions like AS despite genetic predisposition (HLA-B27). Further, the understanding of the Ayurvedic concepts can clearly explain the conflict that has arisen in the determination of the positive HLAB27 gene in Ankylosing Spondylitis as a definite diagnosing criteria.

Conclusions

This comprehensive understanding will uplift the need for personalized medicine in disease management. Further research must be needed to understand the interaction between genetic factors (HLAb27), individual constitution, and their vyadikshamatva.
Intelligent explainable optical sensing on Internet of nanorobots for disease detection
Authors: Mesgaribarzi Niusha , Djenouri Youcef , Belbachir Ahmed Nabil , Michalak Tomasz , Srivastava Gautam
Published: May 2024

Combining deep learning (DL) with nanotechnology holds promise for transforming key facets of nanoscience and technology. This synergy could pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in the creation of novel materials, devices, and applications, unlocking unparalleled capabilities. In addition, monitoring psychological, emotional, and physical states is challenging, yet recent advancements in the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), nano robot technology, and DL show promise in collecting and processing such data within home environments. Using DL techniques at the edge enables the processing of Internet of Things device data locally, preserving privacy and low latency. We present an edge IoNT system that integrates nanorobots and DL to identify diseases, generating actionable reports for medical decision-making. Explainable artificial intelligence enhances model transparency, aiding clinicians in understanding predictions. Intensive experiments have been carried out on Kvasir dataset to validate the applicability of the designed framework, where the accuracy of results demonstrated its potential for in-home healthcare management.
Numerical analysis of the MHD Williamson nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet through a Darcy porous medium: Modeling and simulation
Authors: Khader Mohamed M. , Ahmad Hijaz , Adel Mohamed , Megahed Ahmed M.
Published: May 2024

In the current study, we delve into examining the movement of a nanofluid within a Williamson boundary layer, focusing on the analysis of heat and mass transfer (HMT) processes. This particular flow occurs over a sheet that undergoes nonlinear stretching. A significant facet of this investigation involves the incorporation of both the magnetic field and the influence of viscous dissipation within the model. The sheet is situated within a porous medium, and this medium conforms to the Darcy model. Since more precise outcomes are still required, the model assumes that both fluid conductivity and viscosity change with temperature. In this research, we encounter a system of extremely nonlinear ordinary differential equations that are treated through a numerical technique, specifically by employing the spectral collocation method. Graphical representations are used to illustrate how the relevant parameters impact the nanoparticle volume fraction, velocity, and temperature profiles. The study involves the computation and analysis of the effect of physical parameters on the local Sherwood number, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number. Specific significant findings emerging from the present study highlight that the rate of mass transfer is particularly influenced by the thermophoresis factor, porous parameter, and Williamson parameter, showing heightened effects, while conversely, the Brownian motion parameter demonstrates an opposing pattern. The results were computed and subjected to a comparison with earlier research, indicating a notable degree of conformity and accord.