bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRIORITIES OF FOREIGN POLICY OF BANGLADESH SINCE 2005
Authors: ALI AKBAR  , MIRAZ RAHMAN KHAN
Published: November 2023

Foreign Policy is usually viewed as an extension of domestic policy. Foreign policy refers to the policy of a sovereign state to achieve its desired goals to the foreign countries. The foreign policy of Bangladesh, like that of any other state is also primarily a projection of the country's socio-economic and political compulsions in international politics. The Foreign Policy of Bangladesh emanates from the following provisions of the Bangladesh Constitution. These provisions are stated in Article 25 of the Constitution.  1.The State shall base its international relations on the principles of respect for national sovereignty and equality, non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, peaceful settlements of international disputes, and respect for international law and the principles enunciated in the United Nations Charter. 2. The state shall endeavor to consolidate, preserve and strengthen fraternal relations among Muslim countries based on Islamic solidarity.
ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE OF BANGLADESH: IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION
Authors: MD. RUHUL AMIN
Published: November 2023

Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. Bangladesh is moving towards more and more urbanization. Bangladesh, with a rich cultural heritage and unique resource potentiality, is passing through a transition phase where the ultimate goal is to achieve urbanization, i.e., a particular way of life. Demographic changes leading to the increase in number of million cities is responsible for significant changes in socio-cultural setup of the country. All such changes affect on the environment, both- rural and urban. The paper shows how continuous urbanization has changed the cultural values and the regional environment of the country.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) OF JANATA BANK LIMITED (JBL): A CASE STUDY
Authors: JANNATUL FERDOUS  , DR. MD. SULTAN MAHMUD
Published: November 2023

Worldwide concern is increasing gradually about corporate social responsibility (CSR). Now, the banking sector in Bangladesh has a glorious history of getting involved themselves in diverse kinds of social events which are officially known as CSR. This paper provides an impression of CSR in Janata Bank Limited (JBL). The paper has been based on secondary data gathered from the annual reports of the JBL for the some years. The bank adds definitely in supporting education & research, poverty reduction & rehabilitation, health & treatment, combat against natural calamity, preservation of history, tradition, culture and sports, preservation of the environment, the expansion of technology etc. The bank meets the required legislation necessities linked to CSR. The findings of the study reveal that CSR events of JBL are limited in certain areas. It will be of great assessment for practitioners and researchers pursuing to increase a better understanding of CSR reporting in various social-systems based theoretical aspects.
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENT SOCIOLOGY: HOWTENABLE IN BANGLADESH
Authors: LAYEQA BASHIR
Published: November 2023

The importance of empirical research is well recognized and the method is used in almost all sociological research. Researchers often reiterate that in order to prove or disprove a concept or hypothesis scientifically, empirical research is an absolute necessity. This general notion in itself may be regarded as over-simplification, and there may be a need to re-examine and address the whole process of empirical research so that errors can be avoided. In Bangladesh perspective, the problems of reaching a conclusive and acceptable result by this method are often corroborated by many external and internal factors. The paper explores what these factors are and how they could be overcome.
FOUNDATION OF RELIGIOUS LIBERALISM IN BANGLADESH: CONTRIBUTION OF BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN AND AWAMI LEAGUE
Authors: SAEYD RASHED HASAN CHOWDURY  , MUHAMMOD NASER NAFIS
Published: November 2023

The Father of the Nation Bangabandu[1] Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) is the great architect and the immortal morphologist of a new map of independent Bangladesh. During his rule, he took various steps for the welfare of the country and the nation. He took realistic and effective measures to propagate Islam because of the economic, social and physical infrastructural measures in it, keeping in mind the religious sentiments and values of the people of the Muslim majority in Bangladesh.  The outstanding contribution he has made to spread Islam, the promotion and establishment of Islamic values ​​during his reign has become a rare example in the contemporary Muslim world. He was always trying to make Bangladesh a country of peace for all people of all religions. He is not only a great architect of an independent sovereign state but also, he is the architect of spreading Islam under government-sponsored Bangladesh. Especially by establishing the Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, he provided a solid institutional basis for the spread of Islam. He gave greater importance to all citizens who have equal rights regardless of religion and have been an assurance of all religions, which serves as a protector against intolerance when drafting the constitution of Bangladesh. However, the research tries to highlight how Bangabandhu contributed to reducing the religious hatred and extremism, fanaticism, and fundamentalism and establishing peaceful co-existence of various cultures and religions among the people of Bangladesh. Therefore, the result of my study shows how the role of  Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his Awami league is establishing or has contributed in establishing status equality, love, promote religious cohesion, tolerance, and brotherhood among the masses and taught people to respect each other's religion, emotions, and practices in Bangladesh.
NAJIB AL-KILANI AS A POSTCOLONIAL WRITER
Authors: DR. AYDIN GÖRMEZ  , ABDULLAH SAEED
Published: November 2023

The increasing studies on colonial readings in the past years focus particularly one of the most controversial literary theories and criticism, that is postcolonial theory, which carries various meanings from politics to economy and to all other aspects of life, and this critical approach aims to dismantle the colonial discourse and trying to review the history of colonized countries, their literature, by different methodologies, in the views of the colonized. There is a bit odd coincidence on the timing: academic attention in colonialism ascended when great powers had already missed their worldwide validity and trust. Previously when colonialism was a purpose of mobilization, researchers and the elite were most fascinated by the freedom activities and the likelihood of modernization and advancement of the societies, but nowadays they are not so optimistic about that, which is seen in the novels and writings of some important authors.

Najib Al-Kilani as an effective Arab-African writer, in respect of presenting the subject of colonialism in the studies depending on literary art, but not based on the Western world, was one of the pioneers in Arab African literature medium, and he could reveal the great effects for western colonialism movement in the societies that have been colonized. This study sheds light on his contributions in the pathways of contemporary Arabic literature, focusing on two of his famous novels Turkistan Nights and Napoleon in Al-Azhar which represent his prominent writing style and reflect post-colonial literature in the Arab world.
FOOD SECURITY INTERVENTIONS BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AND NGOS IN BANGLADESH: CASES FROM SOME DISADVANTAGED AREAS
Authors: MOHAMMAD MOHABBAT KHAN, PHD  , KRISHNA KUMAR SAHA
Published: November 2023

This paper makes the case for why interventions by Local Government Institutions and non-government organizations are important tools for managing the risk of food security. The use of intervention is advocated to prevent and mitigate the impact of food insecurity related hazards and to cope with the impacts of its implications. Firstly, the paper explores the implications of food insecurity. Learning from the responses of a number of recent cases we plan to map the intervention mechanisms by Local Government Institutions and non-government organizations. Secondly, the paper considers what Local Government Institutions and non-government organizations are doing to overcome food insecurity. Finally, recommendations are offered for more effective intervention mechanism.
AN ANALYSIS ON INDIA-BANGLADESH BORDER KILLING
Authors: MAHAMUDUL HASSAN  , ASHOK BALA
Published: November 2023

Bangladesh and India, geographically two neighboring friendly countries located in the South Asia. The total length of border is about 5138 kilometers with 4427-kilometer land border and 711-kilometer water border. Bangladesh has 4,096-kilometer common border with India. Bangladesh has 32 border districts whilst India has five border provinces. Bangladesh and India both the countries have bilateral issues from the emergence of them. The economic relations between two countries is growing rapidly since the early 1990s. Amongst various issues between these two countries, border issue has come in the front line, because of the smuggling, human trafficking and border killing by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF). In 2013, US based news agency “Global Post” opines that the border line between Bangladesh and India is the worst border line in the world. They are showing uncontrolled behavior in the border line by killing, abducting Bangladeshi people, violating human rights and offence relating to push-in etc. This is an interesting issue for research for finding out the reasons for mass killing of civilian even though the two countries claim to be in friendly relationship at least after creation of Bangladesh.
Noi figurine antropomorfe recent descoperite în aşezarea gumelniţeană de tip tell de la Vitănești „Măgurice”
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a României, Bîrzu Andreea , Moldoveanu Katia ,   Muzeul Național de Istorie a României, Torcică Ion ,   Muzeul Județean Teleorman, Mirea Pavel ,   Muzeul Județean Teleorman
Published: November 2023

Acest studiu are ca principal obiectiv prezentarea a trei artefacte cu totul deosebite, descoperite relativ recent în cadrul aşezării de tip tell de la Vităneşti „Măgurice”, care se remarcă atât în cadrul plasticii sitului arheologic, cât și în contextul mai larg al culturii Gumelnița şi al plasticii neo-eneolitice de la nord de Dunăre, în general. Acestea prezintă anumite particularităţi ce le diferenţiază de majoritatea reprezentărilor plastice, oferindu-le un caracter special. Este vorba despre trei figurine antropomorfe, una realizată din lut ars și două din os. Piesa de lut reprezintă partea superioară a unei figurine de tip „Gânditor”, ce se individualizează prin ochii realizaţi, în mod inedit, din fragmente de scoică, dar şi prin cantitatea substanţială de materie vegetală prezentă în pasta din care a fost modelată. Cea de-a doua piesă, o figurină de os, de tip plat, atrage atenţia datorită fineţei şi preciziei execuţiei, precum şi a urmelor de coroziune specifice cuprului de la nivelul gleznelor, semn că fost împodobită cu o serie de podoabe (brăţări) realizate din acest metal, care, din păcate, nu s-au păstrat. A treia reprezentare, tot o figurină de os, de tip prismatic, se evidenţiază printr-un element ornamental extrem de rar, respectiv o verigă/centură din aramă dispusă în jurul trunchiului. Având în vedere caracterul excepţional și raritatea celor trei figurine, am considerat oportună o discuție mai largă asupra lor, atât în contextul descoperirilor de plastică antropomorfă de la Vitănești, cât și în cel al culturii Gumelnița. Piesele analizate se încadrează într-o serie de reprezentări antropomorfe puţin numeroase şi de o factură cu totul specială, nu numai sub aspect morfologic şi decorativ, cât şi sub aspectul semnificaţiei.
Reevaluarea unor reprezentări antropomorfe și zoomorfe din situl eneolitic de la Petricani (com. Petricani, jud. Neamț)
Authors:   Muzeul de Istorie și Etnografie Târgu Neamț / Complexul Muzeal Național Neamț, Diaconu Vasile , Aparaschivei Constantin ,   Muzeul Național al Bucovinei, Suceava
Published: November 2023

Această contribuție științifică aduce în discuție un lot de reprezentări antropomorfe și zoomorfe descoperite în săpăturile efectuate în situl eneolitic de la Petricani (jud. Neamț), în anul 1973. Rezultatele cercetărilor amintite sunt cunoscute doar în mică măsură. Plastica antropomorfă a fost amintită în sinteza întocmită de Dan Monah, dar fără să beneficieze de o discuție foarte amănunțită. În cazul de față au fost studiate 14 piese, dintre care 12 sunt statuete antropomorfe, iar două sunt figurine zoomorfe. Din păcate, pentru puține dintre acestea este cunoscut contextul arheologic în care au fost descoperite. Deși majoritatea pieselor au fost fragmentate încă din vechime, detaliile păstrate au permis includerea lor în tipologiile deja consacrate, observându-se proporția covârșitoare a reprezentărilor feminine. Pe baza trăsăturilor pe care le prezintă, aproape toate statuetele antropomorfe pot fi atribuite fazei Cucuteni A, existând și una care aparține mediului cultural Precucuteni. Pe lângă discutarea trăsăturilor morfologice și a catalogărilor tipologice, ne-am propus să efectuăm și un studiu tehnologic prin observarea atentă a unor detalii ce oferă indicii despre modul în care au fost realizate aceste artefacte legate de sfera religioasă preistorică. Interesant de menționat este faptul că în cazul a trei piese au fost identificate urmele unor mici bucăți de lemn folosite pentru îmbinarea picioarelor statuetelor. Majoritatea exemplarelor studiate au fost decorate cu linii incizate și mai rar cu puncte, dar sunt și statuete lipsite de decor.
An Underground Rock-Cut Shrine near Amatsya, Judean Foothills, Israel
Authors:   Bar-Ilan University, Zissu Boaz , Shtober-Zisu Nurit ,   University of Haifa
Published: November 2023

This article presents our documentation of a previously unidentified subterranean complex located near Amatsya, Israel. The study revolves primarily around an examination of the architecture, decorations, and letters carved on the walls of an underground rock-cut hall. The layout of the hall bears a striking resemblance to sacred architecture prevalent in the region since the Middle Bronze Age, while its decorative elements are linked to earlier artistic traditions dating back to the Iron Age, as well as the aniconic characteristics found in Idumean, Canaanite, Phoenician and Nabatean art of the Persian and Hellenistic periods. According to paleographic analysis, the Aramaic lapidary inscriptions, which possibly mention two deities, El and Adon, are tentatively dated to the 5th-4th centuries BCE. Our main thesis is that this hall functioned as a private shrine, possibly a funerary shrine adjacent to a rock-cut burial complex. We propose that both the shrine and the adjacent tomb were utilized by an Idumean landowner, showcasing influences from Phoenician / Canaanite iconographic traditions. Consequently, the site assumes significant importance, as it offers novel insights into the field of study by presenting, for the first time, a relatively well-preserved underground Idumean shrine from the Persian and Hellenistic periods. These finds contribute to a deeper understanding of the religious and cultural practices of the Idumeans during that specific era.
The Roman Sports Cavalry Helmet from Islaz (Teleorman County, Romania)
Authors:   National Museum of Romanian History, Rațiu Alexandru , Simion Mihaela ,   National Museum of Romanian History, Angheluță Laurențiu-Marian ,   National Institute for Research and Development in Optoelectronics INOE 2000
Published: November 2023

The topic of this paper is a Roman cavalry sports helmet, or more specifically two halves of the same item, made out of copper alloy. It is part of a category of highly decorated military equipment, designed for parade or, more precisely, used in equestrian games/processions by cavalrymen of the Roman army. It was discovered in the area of the Islaz Roman fortifications, on the Olt River Roman frontier, the so-called limes Alutanus. The discovery in itself is spectacular. Both parts of the helmet were discovered almost in the same place, in two separate occasions, both accidental, by private citizens, in a time span of four months. The two fragments that form a whole helmet are well preserved and they present a strong point for the Roman presence at Islaz. The item in itself is a rare and beautiful find, this helmet in particular being the second of its kind (type) known to be found in the world. The helmet is from the Vechten Type, or pseudo-Phrygian type, named after its only analogy, the helmet from Vechten (Netherlands).
Mithras exhibited. Perspectives of sensory museology in Mithraic contexts
Authors:   University of Szeged, Department of Religious Studies, Szabó Csaba , Libiță-Partică Miruna ,   University of Bucharest, Muntean Ioan ,   University of Babeș-Bolyai
Published: November 2023

The material evidence of the Roman cult of Mithras is one of the most visible and best-preserved heritage of Roman religion from the period of the 2nd- 4th century AD. There are several in situ and reconstructed mithraea in European archaeological parks and museums, where the memory of the cult and its worshippers are evoked. The paper examines some of the most well-known case studies of the Mithraic sanctuaries, focusing on in situ archaeological sites, reconstructed mithraea and museal spaces from Romania, where new, sensorial methods can be used.
KRALjICA JELENA U ULOZI SUPRUGE
Authors: Mitrović Katarina
Published: November 2023

This paper considers private and family life of Queen Helen (about 1250– 1314) and particularly her relationship with her husband, King Uroš I (1234– 1276). The main source of information were the King and Queen’s biographies written by Archbishop Danilo II. These biographies were composed long after deaths of the main characters, based on the author’s memories and the tales of their peers, with the aim of depicting interactions within the royal family in the most favourable light. The relationship of Helen and Uroš was described as an ideal Christian marriage in which the wife followed the will of her husband in everything. However, in more than one place in the biographies, Danilo had described Helena’s personality as independent, mature and authentic, particularly in regard to her son Dragutin who rose to the throne in 1276 by coup. One other source – Helena’s letter– oath written at the court in Brnjaci, of unestablished date, which was addressed to the Archbishop, Rector and the Commune of Ragusa, showed that the Queen was willing to secretly make decisions which were not in compliance with the official policies and positions of her husband. Helen had erected and donated to the Gradac Monastery, aiming to be buried in her foundation, together with her husband Uroš and their loyal friend Archbishop Joanikije. This also tells us much about the relationship between the spouses. The source information was approached from the depth psychology angle and using transactional analysis as a behavioural development theory. The result is a potentially plausible reconstruction of Helena’s character in terms of her role as a wife.
MIROVNI SPORAZUM DRAGUTINA I MILUTINA IZ 1311/12. GODINE
Authors: Živković Vojislav
Published: November 2023

Peace agreement between Kings Dragutin and Milutin 1311/12. the dynastic conflict that shook Serbian lands during the entire first decade of the 14th century ended in. The question of the heir to the throne emerged as a key issue in concluding peace. The Deževo Agreement of 1282 lost its significance even after the outbreak of the conflict between the brothers, and its provisions needed to be revised in accordance with the new balance of power. Historiography so far has offered two different possibilities for solving the hereditary problem. The thesis of Mihailo Dinić that the decision of the agreement in Deževo was renewed on the issue of heirs prevailed. The paper presents views that refute such a solution. Following the traces of a few original remains, we will try to determine how many times and for what reasons Milutin's choice of heir to the throne changed in the period from 1312 to 1321. Thus, the entire relationship between Dragutin and Milutin during the last years of his older brother's life is viewed in a completely different way.
O TITULATURAMA KRALjA MILUTINA
Authors: Ječmenica Dejan
Published: November 2023

The shortest titulature would consist of the ruler's name and title. Broader ones contained territorial indicators – namely lands ruled by the ruler, the ruler's byname and formulaic phrase of devotion to God (the Dei gratia phrase) usually in the form of by the grace of God, which emphasizes the source, i.e. the origin of the ruler's sovereignty in the country, which is in compliance with the understandings of those times. Titulatures are to be found in written documents (charters and letters) issued in the ruler's chancellery, within the intitulations at the beginning, and in the signature at the end of the document. In written documents, of various origins, which attest the relations between the ruler and the external factors, titulatures are to be found either within the inscription (address) of the documents sent or in documents in which the ruler represents a political factor. Other than that, titulatures are to be found on seals, coins, founder's inscriptions, inscriptions next to portraits/frescoes resembling the rulers, on objects-gifts to churches or monasteries, on manuscripts, and just as importantly, in narrative sources (domestic and foreign), contemporary or somewhat younger. Through all the listed examples above, we are able examine the titulature of King Milutin. Firstly, attention is focused on the ruler's name, as an essential part of the titulature. The subject of study is the king's baptismal name Milutin, rarely present in official use, the ruling name Stefan and the name Uroš, which was carried by the king's father and to which we will pay special attention to. The constant highlighting of the fact that Milutin is the direct descendant of previous kings, throw genealogical elements found in a number of more extensive titulatures, had a special political-practical and ideological significance for King Milutin, with which he sought to legitimize his rule, since he had taken the throne from his older brother in extraordinary circumstances. In this work, we shall try to classify the titulatures of King Milutin by their types, sources in which they appear, according to content, constituent elements, extent, etc. Special attention will also be paid to the innovations of the content, that is, the changes in the titulature that came as a consequence of political events.
KING MILUTIN NEMANJIĆ AND HIS WIFE ELIZABETH ÁRPÁD, THE CONNECTION BETWEEN EAST AND WEST IN THE TIME OF THE PALAEOLOGOS
Authors: Rokai Melina
Published: November 2023

The paper aims to explore and present lives and relationship between Serbian King Stephen Uroš II Milutin and his wife Hungarian princess Elizabeth Árpád as the link between the East and West during the important reign of Paleologos dynasty in Byzantium. This will be done by looking at marital policies of Hungary, Serbia and Byzantium, the rela- tionship between Milutin and Elizabeth in the context of their respective previous ones, their later life and sainthood. The new possibility regarding the meaning of their daughter’s name was offered and new conclusion con- cerning Elizabeth’s place of burial is reached.
O NADIMKU MILUTINOVOG VELIKOG VOJVODE NOVAKA, „GREBOSTREK“
Authors: Veljković Žarko B.
Published: November 2023

Novak called Grebostrek was a great duke in medieval Serbia during the reign of King Milutin. In 1312/1313 he was the head of the Serbian military forces, was sent by Milutin to help to the Roman Empire in their strike against the invasion of the Turks, where Novak defeated the Turks. The paper gives historical mentions of this military leader and from there it is determined that the original form of his nickname is grѣbostrēkь, which was then transformed into Ekavian grebostrekь (grebòstrēk). It is concluded that this is a warrior’s nickname, that it is a compound of * grѣbъ „deep scratch / cut; furrow ”and * strѣkati“ bosti [, ubosti] ”, and would mean“ the one who stabs / stabs deep cuts / furrows (into enemy force) ”. An etymological possibility is added under the question mark - that the Serbian Grand Duke Novak received his warrior nickname grѣbòstrѣkь first in Greek, which was then translated into Serbian. That possible original warrior nickname in Greek could have read spasm. * Αὐλακοκοπτης „otpr. the one who cuts / cuts furrows / trenches (into enemy force) ”.
GOLIKLIN – NEPOZNATO MESTO BORAVKA KRALjA MILUTINA U LETO 1308. GODINE
Authors: Štetić Marina
Published: November 2023

The subject of this paper is the ubication of the toponym Goliqueline, which appears in the verification document of the French King Philip IV from 1313 as the place where the Serbian King Milutin received the French embassy on July 25th, 1308 and ratified the treaty directed against Byzantium, previously concluded with the titular Latin Emperor Charles of Valois. According to the initial agreement, signed on March 27 of the same year, in the Lys Abbey near Melun, not far from Paris, Štip was in the sphere of interest of Charles of Valois. During the ratification of the treaty, which he carried out in his tents near Goliqueline, King Milutin emphasized his power over Štip, which he obviously took over from Byzantium in the period between the conclusion and ratification of the treaty. Based on the preserved reports about the Serbian-Byzantine conflicts, the earlier attempts to identify Goliqueline, as well as the position of two other toponyms of the similar name, it seems certain that this place should be sought in the vicinity of Štip. It was concluded that the toponym Goliqueline most probably refers to the Golak hill (560 m) on the western side of the Kočani valley, between the villages of Vrbica and Sokolarci at the foot of the Osogovo mountain. In the immediate vicinity of the Golak hill (French: Golak colline), which is located 25 km north of Štip (approximately an hour's ride on horse back), passed important medieval roads, leading directly to Štip. It is assumed that after the conquest of the city, King Milutin, together with his army, withdrew to the interior of his lands, more precisely to Golak hill, where he could have monitored the newly conquered territory, and from where, in the case of the Byzantine counterattack, he could have reached Štip quickly and easily through the valleys of Zletovska and Bregalnica river.
KRALj MILUTIN U SINAKSARSKOM ŽITIJU DANILA TREĆEG
Authors: Vasiljević Ilić Slavica
Published: November 2023

The paper points to differences in the depiction of the character of the Holy King Milutin within the genre of hagiography, especially in the works by Danilo II of Pec, who succeeded Danilo I, and Danilo III of Banja, and in the selection of stylistic devices serving the purpose of his characterisation. To this end, the author focuses on The Short Hagiography of King Milutin by Danilo III and its literary significance. In the process of characterisation of King Milutin, Danilo III is primarily interested in his charity work, in order for the 'unifying' element of his enterprise to be highlighted. With regard to this, the author points to sources of some Biblical quoatations used throughout the text and their being embedded in the idea of the work as a whole and shows that the abundance of figures of speech represents the foundation of hyperbolisation of the celebrated. This abundance of literary devices, especially the figure of diction and that of trope, along with the clearly expressed idea of an all-expanding and all-permeating love towards Orthodox Christians, which King Milutin shows by giving charity, both classifies Danilo III as one of the greatest literary figures of Medieval Serbian Literature and reveals his education. In his literary interpretation, much as in his clerical service, Danilo III created a halo for King Milutin.
KARAKTERISTIKE SRPSKOG BOGOSLUŽENjA I POJANjA NA POČETKU XIV VEKA PREMA NIKODIMOVOM TIPIKU
Authors: Antić Vladimir
Published: November 2023

The Typikon of Archbishop Nicodemus is a significant source for understanding the worship and chant of the Serbian archdiocese at the beginning of the 14th century. Chant has always been considered one of the most important elements of worship, which is why its development has always been carefully controlled by the Church. The typikons of the earliest times are carefully prescribed what will be used in worship, but with equal precision and care, also point out how Psalms, hymns, etc. were singing. Typikon accurately determines the musical characteristics of the hymns themselves, primarily determining what melody needs to be chanted in a church song. Analysis of the testimony of Nicodemus Tipika, knowledge of the development of the Church only in the Serbian church during this period will be deepened.
KULT SVETOG KRALjA MILUTINA: LITURGIJSKO – ISTORIJSKA ANALIZA
Authors: Lukić Nikola
Published: November 2023

The celebration of king Milutin as a Saint began soon after his death. First commemoration of his feast was recorded in Romanov typicon (14th century), after which his service was transcribed in liturgical books. The Holy relics of Saint were in monastery Banjska when in the middle of the 15th century they were transferred to Serdica because of the risk of the Turks. Apart from Serdica, Samokov is mentioned as another seat of Saint's cult in Bulgaria. The translation of Holy relics in Bulgaria didn’t jeopardize the respect of the cult between Serbian people, and it is testified by a number of transcripts of services of Saint king Milutin in Srbljaks of the 16th century. The service of Saint king is one of the first services of the holy rulers that became part of Srbljak. Celebration of king Milutin in Bulgarian environment has been grounded on the serbianslavonic liturgical heritage. With transporting of Holy relics in Bulgaria the cult wasn't reshaped but continued with liturgical continuity. The Serbian manuscripts preserved their old role in new environment. Also, Russian texts of the service of Saint king are grounded on the Serbian manuscripts that were accepted in Russian liturgical practice without editorial interventions. The text of the Saints service has a clear liturgical continuity while the text of the Holy lives has more ways of its shaping even in Serbian environment. With representing of the liturgical texts we have shown that the cult, contrary to claims so far, was developed and known with Serbs even during Turkish period. When it comes to date of celebrating Saint's feast based on testimonies of the sources, we consider that the first date, 29th October, is liturgical and historical more ancient and that we must remember it although modern liturgical practice celebrates the feast of the Holy king on the 30th October.
Development and evaluation of matrix type transdermal patches of Simvastatin
Authors: Aftaab  , Kumar Kapil , Chauhan Vaishali , Ikram  , Rajput Vaishali
Published: November 2023

Transdermal patches are a cutting-edge drug delivery technology, as it avoids first-pass metabolism results in increased bioavailability and aid in the delivery of drug molecules into the systemic circulation at predetermined and controlled rate.
Aim behind this invention was to formulate a stable, reproducible and non-infringing & examine matrix-type transdermal patches of Simvastatin by using solvent evaporation method and the formulation consist various polymer including HPMC, Ethyl Cellulose, Chitosan, PVPK-30 and Eudragit RS 100, plasticizers like glycerine, propylene glycol, and trietholamine are utilised, along with solvents like octanol and ethanol. The prepared patches are assessed for thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture content, drug content, surface pH and in vitro diffusion studies.
The results indicated that the formulation P4 showed better characteristic properties and in vitro drug diffusion.
Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery system, Simvastatin, HPMC, Eudragit RS100, Ethyl Cellulose.
Penerapan Algoritma Adaptive Response Rate Exponential Smoothing Terhadap Business Intelligence System
Authors: Romindo Romindo , Pangaribuan Jefri Junifer , Barus Okky Putra
Published: November 2023

PT. XYZ is one of the companies in the field of furniture sales by offering its flagship product, namely spring bed. The company's business continues to grow every year, of course, the company must be able to complete its work quickly and precisely. One of the main problems of the company is that the increase in company sales is still not able to cover the company's expenses and sometimes the company still suffers losses. This happens because companies often make mistakes in purchasing product inventory stock. Not all types of spring beds sell well, so sometimes purchases are made of the type of spring bed that is not selling well, which results in stock accumulation and instability of the company's cash inflow and outflow. In this study, a Business Intelligence System was built, which is a form of information technology implementation to store, collect and analyze data into knowledge so that it can be used as prediction results. The prediction algorithm used in this research is the Adaptive Response Rate Exponential algorithm. The expected goal of this research is to build a Business Intelligence System that can calculate product sales predictions in the following month using the Adaptive Response Rate Exponential Smoothing (ARRES) algorithm. Based on the results of the MAPE test, it can be concluded that the percentage of prediction accuracy from the ARRES algorithm on the sales transaction data of PT. XYZ is 53.33% which is categorized as quite accurate and the percentage of prediction error from the ARRES method is 46.67% which is categorized as reasonable
Topic Detection on Twitter using GloVe with Convolutional Neural Network and Gated Recurrent Unit
Authors: Ikfini M Moh Adi , Setiawan Erwin Budi
Published: November 2023

Twitter is a social media platform that allows users to share thoughts or information with others for all to see. However, twitters often use abbreviations, slang, and incorrect grammar because tweets are limited to 280 characters. Topic detection often has problems with low accuracy, one method that can be used to overcome this problem is feature expansion. Feature expansion on Twitter is a semantic addition to the process of expanding the original text syllables to make it look like a large Document. That way, feature expansion is used to reduce word mismatches. This study uses the expansion of the GloVe feature with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) classification methods. The results show that the topic detection system with the GloVe feature extension and CNN-GRU hybrid classification has an accuracy of 94.41%
Perbandingan Teknik Prediksi Pemakaian Obat Menggunakan Algoritma Simple Linear Regression dan Support Vector Regression
Authors: Pratista Sephia , Nazir Alwis , Iskandar Iwan , Budianita Elvia , Afrianty Iis
Published: November 2023

Public Health Centers (Puskesmas) had a crucial role in furnishing society essential healthcare services and medication management. To preempt errors in stock management, a predictive approach is employed. This prediction methodology involves comparing Data Mining techniques utilizing the Simple Linear Regression algorithm and Machine Learning methodologies harnessing the Support Vector Regression algorithm. This research uses Paracetamol 500 mg and Cetirizine drug data from January 2020 to June 2023. The selection of these algorithms is motivated by the continuous nature of the data variables and their temporal span, spanning 42 months (period). The core aim of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of predictive errors using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) methodology. Implementing these methods was effectuated through the programming language Python with an 80%:20% partitioning of training and testing data. Drawing from experimental endeavors conducted concerning Paracetamol 500 mg, the utilization of the Simple Linear Regression algorithm, yields a MAPE score of 20.85%, categorized as 'Moderate,' whereas the application of the Support Vector Regression algorithm generates a MAPE of 18.39%, classified as 'Good.' Otherwise, experimentation on Cetirizine employing the Simple Linear Regression algorithm, employing an identical division of training and testing data, results in a MAPE of 18.39%, also classified as 'Good.' Meanwhile, resorting to the Support Vector Regression algorithm leads to a MAPE of 17.14%, falling under the 'Good' category. Based on the MAPE obtained, the Support Vector Regression algorithm has better prediction results than the Simple Linear Regression algorithm
Penerapan Data Mining Untuk Penjurusan Kelas dengan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Medoids
Authors: Faran Jhiro , Aldisa Rima Tamara
Published: November 2023

Class assignments are carried out to focus students on the subjects that will be studied during Senior High School (SMA). Class majors are generally carried out in class of all the main values used in the class majoring process. This is a problem with the class majoring process, where mistakes often occur in the class majoring process. Mistakes regarding class majors made by students will have quite a fatal impact on the student, apart from not being able to change classes, it will also have a laziness effect on the student because it does not match the student's abilities. Solving this problem can be done using a technique called data mining. The solution to this problem is done using clustering. The K-Medoids algorithm is the algorithm used to solve the problems in this research. The process of grouping or forming clusters in the K-Medoids algorithm is based on calculating the closest distance to each object, calculating the closest distance is based on determining the centeroid value first. The K-Medoids algorithm can form 2 (two) clusters according to existing class majors. The results obtained show that there are 3 (three) alternatives included in cluster 1 and also 12 (twelve) alternatives included in cluster 2.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA KOPERASI SETIA USAHA KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR
Authors: Arafik Arafik , Kurniawan Deni
Published: November 2023

Abstrak :   Permasalahan yang dihadapi Koperasi Setia Usaha Belitang OKU Timur bagaimana pengaruh organisasi terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan, sedangkan tujuan pada skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan pada Koperasi Setia Usaha Belitang OKU Timur serta bentuk budaya organisasi yang dilakukan. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah adanya pengaruh yang kuat antara budaya organisasi terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan pada Koperasi Setia Usaha Belitang OKU Timur. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut ternyata diperoleh r = 0,331. Setelah dikonsultasikan dengan standar konservatif ternyata 0,331 terletak antara 0,200 – 0,399 yang termasuk pada korelasi rendah. Kemudian untuk menjawab uji hipotesis yang diajukan pada bab sebelumnya mempunyai hubungan atau tidak, maka di uji dengan uji hipotesa dan didapat t hitung  = 0,992. Sedangkan nilai t  tabel pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% untuk ( n – 2 ) = 1,860. Maka dapat diketahui nilai t  hitungnya 0,992 lebih kecil dari pada nilai t  tabel yaitu = 1,860, dengan demikian berarti  ( Ho ) dapat diterima dan ( Ha ) ditolak.Kata Kunci : Budaya Organisasi, Produktivitas kerjaAbstract :   The problems faced by the Setia Usaha Belitang OKU East Cooperative are how the influence of the organization on employee work productivity, while the purpose of this thesis is to determine the magnitude of the influence of organizational culture on employee work productivity at the Setia Usaha Belitang OKU East Cooperative and the forms of organizational culture that are carried out. The hypothesis put forward is that there is a strong influence between organizational culture on employee work productivity at the Setia Usaha Belitang Cooperative east OKU. From the results of these calculations it turns out that r = 0.331. After being consulted with a conservative standard it turns out that 0.331 lies between 0.200 – 0.399 which includes a low correlation. Then to answer the hypothesis test proposed in the previous chapter whether there is a relationship or not, then it is tested with a hypothesis test and obtained t count = 0.992. While the value of t table at the 95% confidence level for (n – 2) = 1.860. Then it can be seen that the calculated t value is 0.992 which is smaller than the t table value, namely = 1.860, thus meaning (Ho) can be accepted and (Ha) is rejected..Key Word : Organizational Culture, Work Productivity
ANALISIS PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, SALES GROWTH, DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI DAN REAL ESTAT DI BEI PERIODE 2018-2019
Authors: Mastan Stanislaus Adnanto , Chrysanti Chatarina Aurellia
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze the impact of factors on tax evasion in the property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2018-2019. Tax avoidance is the dependent variable, while profitability, leverage, and sales growth are the independent variables. Through purposive sampling, 106 data points from 52 companies that met the research criteria were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and SPSS 25 software. The results indicate that profitability significantly affects tax evasion, while leverage, sales growth, and capital intensity have no significant impact on tax evasion. In conclusion, this research enhances our understanding of tax evasion determinants in the Indonesian property and real estate sector. The findings suggest that companies with higher profitability are more likely to engage in tax evasion practices. Policymakers and tax authorities can utilize these insights to design targeted strategies against tax evasion in this specific industry. However, limitations in sample scope and time period necessitate caution in generalizing the results, warranting further research.
Mediating Role of Leadership Style on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Public Service Sector
Authors: Allieu Sophie , Moriba Samba
Published: November 2023

This study examined the relationships between transformational and transactional leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in the Public Service Sector of Sierra Leone.

While most prior studies have examined transformational leadership-organizational citizenship behavior and transactional leadership-organizational citizenship behavior relationships in developed countries from the western world, testing the mediating inﬂuence of transactional and transformational leaderships on employees’ citizenship behaviors in public sector organizations in Africa remains scarce.

It also tries to ﬁll a critical research gap in human resource management by focusing on a non-western context. The constructs: transformational and transactional leadership, organizational citizenship behavior are not very familiar in the human resource research domain in Sierra Leone as opposed to other styles of leadership like Autocratic, Laissez faire etc that are commonly used. Consequently, the broader objective of this research was to examine the links between transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior at the Public Service Sector in Sierra Leone.

To enrich the debate further, this study explored the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and employees’ organizational citizenship behavior.

The research questions focused on the correlation between leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

To achieve the objective of the research, a case study research design was used; Quantitative research technique also used; the main variables in the study were used to design a questionnaire in collecting the data: using a sample population of 250 through simple random sampling to conduct this study. This research followed a structural equation model (SEM) approach with validity and reliability tests done to validate the data before testing the hypothesis.

The survey planet - a virtual data analysis software was used to analyze the completed online survey items. It has an automated analysis system. The likert scale of 1 to 5 was used to gauge responses from respondents. Statistical  analysis  method  is  used  for  the  analysis.  Based on the results obtained, the study deduces implications  for  both  theory  and  practice.  Hence,  all  public  service  institutions  must  raise  managers' awareness  and  train  them  properly  so that they can eﬃciently improve and manage the aﬀairs of the institution.

Limitations and suggestions for upcoming studies have been discussed.
Sistem Informasi Operasional dan Pemeliharaan Bangunan Sungai Berbasis Web
Authors: Alfarobi Muhammad Rezky , Tujni Baibul
Published: November 2023

Balai Besar Sungai Sumatra VIII is in charge of managing water resources in river areas, which includes planning, implementing construction, operation and maintenance in the framework of conservation and utilization of water resources and controlling the destructive power of water in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, dams and other water reservoirs, irrigation, groundwater, raw water, swamps, ponds and beaches to support activities in operation and maintenance, inventory and monitoring of river structures, both newly built and those that are no longer functioning, are carried out. In this case, a third-party consultant conducts field inspections and analyzes the building and the surrounding area. The results of the reports submitted by the contractor in the form of report documents and Excel files in the assessment of inspection results from these results will be decided using criteria to determine the results of the decision to make improvements. The results of the submitted reports have not been managed digitally, so to look for report data carried out in the previous year, you have to search on a computer. It takes quite a long time, and there is a possibility that the data cannot be found. The results of the reports submitted by the contractor are in the form of document reports and Excel files in the assessment inspection results; these results will be decided using the criteria to determine the results of the decision to make improvements, encourage the author to develop a system that can inventory and maintain river buildings, which can minimize document collisions and make it easy to find the required data. Web-based and using the MySQL database to accommodate these activities so that it can make it easier to search and minimize piles of documents.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 NAS AMPUTAÇÕES DE MEMBROS INFERIORES
Authors: Teodoro Ferreira Deusana , Rocha Prado da Silva Juliana , Vieira Aguiar Santos Mariane
Published: November 2023

Casos relacionados a diabetes de mellitus tipo 2 vem se tornando frequentes. Embasado em livros e artigos científicos, o objetivo deste trabalho, relacionado a essa patologia, é conscientizar a população para uma doença que na maioria dos casos é silenciosa. Na diabetes mellitus tipo 2, o corpo não produz insulina, ou cria uma resistência, favorecendo desta forma, o aumento de doenças cardiovasculares. Há muitos casos em que a diabetes tipo 2 vem sendo um fator determinante, como nas amputações de membros inferiores, causando nos pacientes amputados, não só um problema físico, mas também afetando o psicológico e o emocional. Com o aumento dos casos dessa doença, muitos fatores estão relacionados a esta patologia, como: o sedentarismo, obesidade, alimentação não adequada, podendo também estar relacionada a hereditariedade. Este estudo ressalta que a prevenção é a melhor forma de se evitar a doença, por isso é sempre importante estar em dia com os exames laboratoriais.