bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Allelopathic and Antimicrobial Effects of Four Different Plant Species
Authors: EREZ Emre , BATTAL Peyami
Published: July 2022

The investigation of allelopathic and antimicrobial effects of four different plant extracts is the aim of this study. The aqueous extract of plants (Lepidium draba L., Acroptilon repens (L.) DC., Thymus kotchyanus Boiss&Hohen. var. kotchyanus, Inula peacockiana (Aitch.&Hemsl.) Koravin,) were applied to seedlings of cultivated (Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.) and weed (Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleraceae L.). Seedlings were irrigated with aqueous extract (1 %) for 15 days to observe the physiological responses. The morphological changes, chlorophyll levels and phytohormone concentrations were determined. The Lepidium draba and Inula peacockiana extracts affected development of all of the target seedlings and caused lesion on the leaves. Acroptilon repens and Thymus kotschyanus extracts caused a decrease in gibberellic acid (GA) whereas increase in absisic acid (ABA) levels.
For investigation of antimicrobial activities, hexane, methanol and water extracts were prepared. Extracts were applied on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococ aureus, Pseudomonas syringae and Escherichia coli for antibacterial and Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger for antifungal effects. Inula peacockiana and Acroptilon repens extracts had a great antimicrobial activity. While all plant extracts inhibited Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum growth and spore development of Aspergillus niger. The antifungal activity of extracts were better than antibacterial activity. As a conclusion, these plants have allelopathic potential for natural weed control and antimicrobial potential for medicinal uses.
SPATIAL VISUALIZATION AND CONCEPTS MOBILIZED IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF GEOMORPHOLOGY DURING FIELDWORK/ VISUALIZAÇÃO ESPACIAL E CONCEITOS MOBILIZADOS NO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DE GEOMORFOLOGIA DURANTE TRABALHO DE CAMPO
Authors: JUSCÁLIA DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA CARLA
Published: July 2022

O texto tem o objetivo de trazer uma discussão sobre visualização e pensamento espacial como importantes habilidades básicas durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de geomorfologia na graduação. Reconhecer e visualizar o relevo com seus atributos internos e externos, sua forma e dinâmica, em diferentes escalas espaciais, são habilidades e conhecimentos almejados com o ensino. A discussão se fundamenta em revisão bibliográfica, pesquisas e estudo de caso. Essas habilidades contribuem para a compreensão da forma de relevo e sua gênese durante o trabalho de campo. Estudos mostram que as habilidades e o pensamento espacial podem ser desenvolvidos por meio de atividades simples, como desenhar e produzir modelos estáticos tridimensionais para a visualização das estruturas do relevo e do movimento rotacional de macroformas.
ENVIRONMENT, GEOLOGY - GEOMORPHOLOGY AND WATER AVAILABILITY IN THE GUANDU RIVER BASIN, RIO DE JANEIRO / MEIO AMBIENTE, GEOLOGIA-GEOMORFOLOGIA E DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA GUANDU - RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: ROBERTO PALHARES REIS JUNIOR PAULO , RODRIGUES DO NASCIMENTO FLÁVIO
Published: July 2022

A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Guandu/BHG, faz parte do sistema Guandu que é o principal fornecedor de água do Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Atende a mais da metade da população residente na Região Metropolitana desta cidade. Tal sistema está relacionado ao maior complexo de estruturas hidráulicas do Estado e viabiliza a geração de energia elétrica, a criação de uma série de empreendimentos econômicos na Região hidrográfica 2, um dos mais importantes do Brasil. Além de possuir a maior Estação de Tratamento de Água/ETA da América Latina. Por essas e outras características peculiares, o cenário ambiental da BHG é único no país e precisa ser melhor conhecido. A BHG está inserida na Província Geotectônica Mantiqueira e se estende até a reentrância costeira Baía de Sepetiba. Como tal, apresenta condições geológicas e geomorfológicas diversas e complexas que influenciam, direta e indiretamente, na disponibilidade, vazão e aporte de recursos hídricos, de superfície e de subsuperfície. As condições geológicas, por meio de poços predominam como principais fontes hídricas na região para usos múltiplos de águas, sobretudo industrial, para além própria ETA que capta as águas superficiais.
GEODIVERSITY OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF UIRAMUTÁ, RORAIMA AND THE POTENTIAL FOR GEOTURISM/ GEODIVERSIDADE DO MUNICIPIO DO UIRAMUTÃ, RORAIMA E O POTENCIAL PARA O GEOTURISMO
Authors: TEIXEIRA FALCÃƒO MÁRCIA
Published: July 2022

Roraima, se destaca pela sua geodiversidade de paisagens, decorrentes das flutuações paleoclimáticas e dos pulsos tectônicos, que promoveram a criação de um cenário peculiar na Amazônia, tais como as formações de relevos tabulares, regionalmente chamadas de tepuis que se destacam como atrativos turísticos, a exemplo o Monte Roraima. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o potencial da geodiversidade do município do Uiramutã para o geoturismo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, especificamente na região circunvizinha ao Parque Nacional do Monte Roraima, região ingarikó. A metodologia envolveu visitas in loco, sobrevoo na região, observação e análise dos locais com potencial de geodiversidade. Os resultados demonstram que a região possui geologia-geomorfologia, diversificada que agregam potencial para o desenvolvimento do geoturismo.
Pesticide Degradation
Authors: Vargas J.M.
Published: July 2022

Pesticide degradation is the breaking down of toxic pesticides into a nontoxic compounds and, in some cases, down to the original elements from which they were derived. The most common type of degradation is carried out in the soil by microorganisms, especially the fungi and bacteria. Pesticides which are rapidly degraded are called nonpersistent while those which resist degradation are termed persistent. The degradation of methyl-bromide and dalapon along with the degradation and resynthesis of chloroneb is explained. The advantages and disadvantages of persistent pesticides are discussed.
Insecticide Sprays for Control of the Northern Pine Weevil in Southern Illinois
Authors: Appleby J.E. , Miller F. , Randell R.
Published: July 2022

The northern pine weevil, Pissodes approximates, is a serious pest in Christmas tree plantations where harvesting of trees has occurred and where seedling trees have been planted. During the spring months the immature stages of the weevil develop in stumps from trees harvested during the previous November or December. When the adult weevils emerge during May and June they feed on seedling trees causing high mortality. Excellent control resulted from a carbofuran spray applied March 12, 1985 onto Scots pine boles in southern Illinois.
Firm Price Bidding at Metropolitan Edison Company
Authors: Shriver James
Published: July 2022

The Metropolitan Edison Company chose to try lump sum bidding of circuits or jobs as an alternative to time and material contracting. This firm price bidding method has successfully reduced the cost per mile of contracted line clearance work. The six-year development of this procurement system is highlighted, along with key features of the bidding and award procedures and specifications currently in use.
Arboricultural Accidents: Cause and Control
Authors: Ryan H. Dennis , Ertel Kenneth
Published: July 2022

This research developed a production and safety training program that can be used on the job site by industry personnel. A literature review and insurance data analysis revealed that the major accident expense to tree care firms was worker compensation-related injuries. A knowledge of required safety and production-related competencies could reduce the number of accidents. A safety competency needs analysis was developed in conjunction with the National Arborist Association (NAA) to guide curriculum design. The competencies were transformed into a training program which focused on groundsmen. A Vest Pocket Field Guide, using a programmed instruction format, was the major component.
Economics of Utility Lateral Trimming
Authors: Johnstone Richard
Published: July 2022

The implementation of lateral trimming, proper crew scheduling, tree removal and/or replacement and growth regulator injections were proposed in 1982 as techniques necessary for a utility manager to stretch available funds in order to maintain a reliable electric system. Expectations were exceeded at Delmarva Power as these techniques allowed the budget to be reduced while reliability was improved.
Predicting Root Spread from Trunk Diameter and Branch Spread
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: July 2022

Trunk diameter and branch crown spread were linearly correlated with root spread in honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis), green ash (Fraxinus pensylvanica), poplar (Populus x generosa), red maple (Acer rubrum) and southern magnolia (Magnolia grand/flora) but not in live oak (Quercus vlrginiana). Maximum root spread (excluding live oak) ranged from 1.68 times the dripline for ash to 3.77 for magnolia. Mean maximum root spread was 2.9 times the dripline. Roots growing farthest from the trunk were consistently near the soil surface.
Control of Acer rubrum Growth With Flurprimidol
Authors: Gilliam C.H. , Fare D.C. , Eason J.T.
Published: July 2022

Flurprimidol effectively suppressed growth ofAcer rubrumwhen applied as a subsoil injection. Rates of 1.0 and 2.0 g ai/inch of diameter supressed height growth for about three years; whereas, 0.5 g ai/inch of diameter suppressed growth less than the higher rates, and effectiveness subsided during the second year. Diameter growth suppression increased with flurprimidol rates, though suppression was not as pronounced as with height growth. Tree height, diameter, and shoot length were suppressed with all rates of flurprimidol compared to nontreated trees. Tree appearance was affected by flurprimidol. Reduced petiole length and smaller, dark-green leaves were evident with treated maples compared to nontreated plants, though appearance was not objectionable.
An Evaluation of Dormant Oil Phytotoxicity on Six Species of Woody Ornamentals
Authors: Baxendale R.W. , Johnson W.T.
Published: July 2022

Conflicting reports concerning possible phytotoxicity of horticultural oils applied to woody plants in dormant condition prompted an evaluation of superior oil Sunspray 6E on six species of ornamentals. Young dormant saplings of pear, sugar maple, Japanese maple, European hornbeam, Scots pine and red pine were unaffected by oil concentrations of up to 8%. Bud break was neither reduced nor significantly delayed and no damage to bark or bud scales was observed at any concentration. Leaves developed normally when dormancy was broken with no twig dieback observed. Results show no phytotoxicity for this product even when applied at rates 4X the usually recommended concentration.
White Pine Decline: a Case Study from Virginia Landscapes
Authors: Weaver Michael J. , Stipes R. Jay
Published: July 2022

Various problems of Eastern white pine(Pinus strobus), primarily in the forest situation, have been observed and examined over the last 80 or so years. These have included causal agents from both biotic (fungi, insects, etc.) and abiotic (gaseous, liquid and solid toxicants) classes; abundant controversy in many cases exists on accurate documentation of the cause and effect relationships. In this study, we report the results of findings made on abiotic factors strongly associated with declining and dying white pine primarily on human-altered sites; these include high soil pH, high soil clay content, shallow and restrictive root growth zones, compacted soils and disturbed soil horizons that impede lateral and vertical water movement. Additional biotic and abiotic factors were, in some cases, associated with declining trees.
Effect of Atrinal (Dikegulac) on the Growth of Plane Tree, Red Maple, and Norway Maple in New York
Authors: Wright Daniel , Moran John
Published: July 2022

Three hundred trees under utility electric lines were selected in 1984 in the communities of Yonkers, White Plains, and New Castle in Westchester County, New York to test the effectiveness of Atrinal (dikegulac) in controlling tree regrowth following trimming. Atrinal was applied to plane trees, red maples, and Norway maples by trunk injection after trimming. During the first growing season after Atrinal treatment, the average sprout length reduction was 48.3% for plane tree; 23.9% for red maple; and 33.3% for Norway maple. In 1984, Atrinal injection reduced the average length of longest wound sprouts for plane tree 53.6%; red maple 41.2%; and Norway maple 29.1%. The variability in tree regrowth noted among species may be due to different uptake rates of Atrinal, amount of crown removal, climatic factors, and tree health prior to treatment.
Energized Urban Forestry
Authors: Merrill Gary
Published: July 2022

Murray City Power is a small public utility operated by the community of Murray, Utah. Despite its small size, this utility faces problems and challenges common throughout the industry, particularly related to public relations, tree clearances, and power outages. Murray's holistic approach to managing the entire urban forest, including line clearance trees, has proven successful, both for the community and for the utility. Success is demonstrated through an analysis of outage data.
Cause and Control of Dogwood Anthracnose in Northeastern United States
Authors: Daughtrey Margery , Hibben Craig , Hudler George
Published: July 2022

Native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) in parts of northeastern United States have shown increasing dieback and mortality since the late 1970's. Symptoms consist of necrotic spots, scorch, and blight of the leaves, nondehiscence of some blighted leaves, cankers, epicormic branches, and dieback beginning in the lower branches. The anthracnose fungus Discula sp. was identified as the primary cause. Post-infection stresses may have intensified tree decline. The fungicides chlorothalonil (Daconil 2787) or mancozeb (Manzate 200) applied at 10-day intervals during leaf expansion reduced foliar symptoms. Additional recommendations are pruning, fertilization, and watering to promote tree vigor.
Cultivars of Salix Babylonica and Other Weeping Willows
Authors: Santamour Frank , Jacot McArdle Alice
Published: July 2022

Salix babylonica, the classical "weeping willow" from China, is now regarded as including S. matsudana. The species is represented by several valid cultivars, including 'Babylon', which is proposed here for the first time for the female clone upon which the original species description may have been based. Since 'Babylon' is not cold hardy in many areas of the United States, the most commonly planted "weeping" willows are actually hybrids between 'Babylon' and S. alba or S. fragilis. Unfortunately, many of these hybrids suffer from cold-related twig dieback, their nomenclature is hopelessly confused, and several different clones may be growing under the same cultivar name. It is proposed that most of the older names used to denote cultivars and selections be abandoned and new names, based on plants propagated from living, documented specimens, be used in the future.
Fluid Delivery in Injected Ring-Porous Trees
Authors: Ellmore George , Phair William , Gill Chris , Skinner David
Published: July 2022

In ring-porous trees such as elm, oak, and ash, trunk injections of fungicides for control of vascular wilts should be specifically directed to the single outermost growth ring of wood. It transports the most water and is the first to become infected by fungal wilts. Shallow-pit Injection taps into this target tissue and is enjoying widespread use among arborists and researchers. Evidence to its effectiveness comes from theoretical, laboratory, and clinical studies. The need now is to quantify spread of trunk-injected fungicide in the crown. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy clearly detect thiabendazole (TBZ) from samples containing 1 part per million TBZ. This sensitive means of detecting fungicide in crown tissue is essential to optimize TBZ dosages, minimize injection injury, and to detect TBZ persistence in outermost wood of twigs years after injecting the trunk.
Allelopathic Effects of Kentucky Bluegrass on Northern Red Oak and Yellow-Poplar
Authors: Kolb T.E.
Published: July 2022

Allelopathic effects of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) on seedling growth of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) were investigated. Foliage extracts and leachates from potted Kentucky bluegrass did not reduce the growth of either species in a Hagerstown top soil over a 139-day period from seed germination. Removal of northern red oak cotyledons at the oneflush stage reduced growth of the stem and root, but did not affect susceptibility to bluegrass foliage extractives and pot leachates. The results suggest that previously reported detrimental interference between Kentucky bluegrass and seedlings of northern red oak or yellow-poplar can be attributed to competition rather than allelopathy.
Municipal-Utility Communications
Authors: Mifflin William
Published: July 2022

Communications between municipal and utility organizations must be established, maintained and improved on all levels of management and field personnel. Communications methods and structure depend on the size and existing working relationships of the two components. The success of each component will depend on the dedication of both to maintain open and responsive communication.
Evaluation of Container Plantings in an Urban Environment
Authors: Myers Melinda , Harrison Helen
Published: July 2022

Two shrubs, Viburnum opulus 'Nanum' and Juniperus chinensis procumbens, and three mulch treatments, shredded bark, hardwood chunk bark and a control were evaluated for use in above ground plantings on city streets. Data taken included soil temperatures, soil moisture levels, plant growth, winter kill and subjective evaluations of plant appearances. Differences were found in spring and fall temperatures of mulched and unmulched treatments. The bare soil cooled faster in the fall and warmed slower in the spring than the mulched soil. Both shrubs performed best with hardwood mulch. Junipers appeared to be the better plant selection in this study.
Active Learning Community for Upskilling Technicians and Engineers
Authors: Ntolou Kalliopi , Parasyri Despoina , Fantidis Jacob , Kogias Panagiotis , Papadopoulou Eleni
Published: July 2022

Based on the data of a recent survey in European Union more than 40% of EU employees experienced a recent change in the technologies they use at work. According to the experts new technologies and structural modification in many areas and professions will provide a higher dependence on cognitive and interpersonal skills in future works. Active Learning Community for Upskilling Technicians and Engineers is a project, developed under Erasmus+ programme, KA2 and lasting from 1.09.2020 to 31.08.2022. It offers an alternative solution to address these challenges and needs by developing an active learning platform for engineering and technical staff in the sector of Machine Building and Mechatronics. This article also presents the results from the 2 lesson which realized in Kavala, Greece.
Aplicación de la visión artificial en la realización audiovisual. CvCinema
Authors:   Universitat Politècnica de València, Sanmartín Piquer Francisco Javier , Sanz Kirbis David ,   Universitat Politècnica de València
Published: July 2022

En este estudio práctico sobre nuevas estrategias de lenguaje audiovisual se utilizan sistemas innovadores de hardware y software de visión artificial a la hora de buscar otras aplicaciones artísticas de los recursos cinematográficos tanto en la adquisición (encuadre, movimientos, fuera de campo, etc.) como en el montaje (fundidos, cortes, elipsis, metáforas, etc.). La idea que aquí se propone es que las herramientas y técnicas de visión artificial pueden ser utilizadas para generar nuevos lenguajes audiovisuales en el campo del cine interactivo.
Tecnología digital en la localización del sistema de captación de agua de la fuente del Cuadrado en Montilla (Córdoba, España) en el siglo XIX
Authors: Carranza-Cañadas Pilar , Baena-Sánchez Manuel , Hidalgo Fernández Rafael , Triviño-Tarradas Paula
Published: July 2022

El hallazgo fortuito de parte de la canalización que abastecía a la población de Montilla (España) desde finales del s. XIX, y que tuvo lugar en septiembre de 2017 por el servicio de bomberos de la ciudad, originó un estudio académico al respecto. El ingeniero José María Sánchez-Molero y Lleguet proyectó dicha canalización, desde el manantial “Fuente del Cuadrado” hasta unos depósitos situados en la Casa de las Aguas (Montilla) en 1868. De dichas construcciones no quedan restos, excepto los encontrados por los bomberos y Ayuntamiento. Los objetivos de la investigación consisten en la recogida, análisis e interpretación de toda la documentación gráfica y documental existente al respecto; la modelización del sistema de captación en la Fuente del Cuadrado y del terreno circundante; y su ubicación virtual sobre el modelo digital del terreno (MDT) en base a los planos de Sánchez-Molero y a las características de la superficie topográfica (cotas, pendientes, disposición de las líneas de talud). El análisis de estos datos justifica el sitio y orientación de todo el sistema de captación en la zona de los manantiales; el discurrir de la tubería, así como la ubicación de la casa de las bombas, ya que el agua descendía por gravedad desde su salida en el depósito del sistema de captación hasta el arroyo del Cuadrado, para subir por vasos comunicantes hasta los 334 m donde se situaban las bombas para impulsar el agua hasta los depósitos de suministro. La ubicación propuesta ayudaría a los arqueólogos a su hallazgo real y a su difusión cultural entre el público general; máxime cuando por dicha ubicación pasa la ruta larga de las fuentes de Montilla. El uso del modelo generado permitiría al senderista conocer in situ, mediante tecnologías de realidad virtual y aumentada, el sistema de captación diseñado por el ilustre ingeniero, impulsando el turismo cultural del agua.
La recuperación de los punzones de rúbrica de la terra sigillata hispánica del alfar romano de Isturgi (Los Villares de Andújar, Jaén) a partir de su digitalización, reconstrucción e impresión 3D
Authors: Maldonado Ruiz Alexis , Dorado Alejos Alberto , Fernández García María Isabel
Published: July 2022

La terra sigillata es, sin duda alguna, uno de los tipos cerámicos más importantes y conocidos de un incipiente imperio romano. Este tipo de producciones cerámicas están caracterizadas por la presencia habitual de lo que se conoce como sigillum, una suerte de marca que identificaba al alfar u officina donde eran producidas. A diferencia de la propia cerámica, un objeto muy habitual en el contexto arqueológico, los instrumentos con los que se solían marcar dichas producciones resultan muy complicados de localizar, convirtiéndose en elementos muy poco frecuentes en las excavaciones arqueológicas o en los fondos de museos. Un claro ejemplo de esta dinámica es el barrio alfarero de Isturgi (Los Villares de Andújar, Jaén, España), donde tras numerosas campañas de excavación aún no se ha recuperado ningún punzón original. A este respecto, el fuerte desarrollo de las herramientas de digitalización, análisis, reconstrucción virtual y los nuevos dispositivos de impresión ha supuesto importantes beneficios para al estudio del patrimonio arqueológico en general. Con el objetivo de aprovechar al máximo su potencial, estas técnicas se suelen combinar en flujos metodológicos sinérgicos que podemos materializar a partir del uso conjunto de varios softwares informáticos. Gracias a ello, podemos recrear de forma efectiva elementos y objetos que, por su valor o naturaleza, no suelen aparecer de forma habitual en el registro arqueológico. En el presente trabajo se propone, por tanto, un nuevo flujo metodológico que combina herramientas ya asentadas como la fotogrametría Structure from Motion, los métodos de fotografía computacional como la Reflectance Transformation Imaging virtual (V-RTI), el modelado 3D o la impresión 3D. Todo ello, con un claro objetivo en mente, recrear los punzones y marcas de entalle empleados para rubricar la vajilla fina de mesa procedente del yacimiento romano de Los Villares de Andújar (Jaén).
Early Modern Écologies: Beyond English Ecocriticism
Authors: Goul Pauline , Usher Phillip John , Melehy Hassan , Shiflett Stephanie , Oliver Jennifer , Addis Kat , Miglietti Sara , Velázquez Victor , Zhiri Oumelbanine Nina , Conley Tom , Szabari Antónia , Mackenzie Louisa
Published: July 2022

  

Early Modern Écologies is the first collective volume to offer perspectives on the relationship between contemporary ecological thought and early modern French literature. If Descartes spoke of humans as being ‘masters and possessors of Nature’ in the seventeenth century, the writers taken up in this volume arguably demonstrated a more complex and urgent understanding of the human relationship to our shared planet. Opening up a rich archive of literary and non-literary texts produced by Montaigne and his contemporaries, this volume foregrounds not how ecocriticism renews our understanding of a literary corpus, but rather how that corpus causes us to re-think or to nuance contemporary eco-theory. The sparsely bilingual title (an acute accent on écologies) denotes the primary task at hand: to pluralize (i.e. de-Anglophone-ize) the Environmental Humanities. Featuring established and emerging scholars from Europe and the United States, Early Modern Écologies opens up new dialogues between ecotheorists such as Timothy Morton, Gilles Deleuze, and Bruno Latour and Montaigne, Ronsard, Du Bartas, and Olivier de Serres.
desconcentración administrativa en el sector educativo. Logros y problemas
Authors: Orellana Víctor Antonio
Published: July 2022

En las siguientes páginas se destaca la importancia de los cambios ocurridos en la estructura educativa relacionados con la distribución de materias en el nivel superior ministerial, con la reorganización interior de las direcciones generales y con la desconcentración administrativa. El autor destaca el singular significado de este paso, informa de algunos de sus logros y de ciertos problemas encontrados en el desarrollo del proyecto. A lo largo de estas páginas sostiene dos tesis fundamentales: ha habido un retraso administrativo respecto al desarrollo técnico, presente en todos los movimientos de cambio, impulsados desde 1970 en el sector educativo, y se ha puesto un énfasis exclusivo en las intervenciones a nivel administrativo central, olvidando la necesidad de la desconcentración administrativa territorial en función de la eficiencia, poblamiento, mejoramiento de servicios y participación ciudadana.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 40, No. 435-436, 1985: 28-44.
Divisas y mercado paralelo
Authors: E. H.
Published: July 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 40, No. 435-436, 1985: 73-76.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pencipta dan Pemegang Hak Cipta Lagu “Lagi Syantik” (Studi Putusan No. 82/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Cipta/2019/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst)
Authors: Sihotang Lesson , Nababan Roida , Habeahan Besty
Published: July 2022

Copyright is an exclusive right owned by the Creator or Copyright Holder and arises automatically based on a declarative principle consisting of 2 rights, namely economic rights and moral rights. The formulation of the problem is what is the form of legal protection for the author and copyright holder of the song "Lagi Syantik" for changes to lyrics without permission from the copyright holder? (Study of Decision No. 82/PDT.SUS-HKI/CIPTA/2019/PN NIAGA JKT.PST) and what are the dispute resolution efforts that can be taken to protect copyright holders for song copyright infringement? (Study of Decision No. 82/PDT.SUS-HKI/CIPTA/2019/PN NIAGA JKT.PST). The results of the research is examined based on existing juridical data and facts, the decision No. 82/PDT.SUS-HKI/CIPTA/2019/PN NIAGA JKT.PST) is considered not in accordance with the provisions in Article 9 of Law no. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright regarding the absence of permission from the Author or Copyright Holder. The Panel of Judges in their decision stated that Gen Halilintar was not guilty of all legal considerations which according to the author in this case were not in line with Law no. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. In this case the music label Nagaswara as the Plaintiff has also taken non-litigation routes such as mediation but failed and continued with litigation, namely by filing a lawsuit to the Commercial Court.
El mal moral y la persona humana
Authors: Forment Giralt Eudaldo
Published: July 2022

Este artículo se ocupa de dos grandes problemas filosóficos: el del mal y el de la persona. El mal moral se aborda desde la situación del hombre en el origen, así como en la actualidad, y desde las consideraciones de la naturaleza humana regenerada. La persona es presentada desde su incomunicabilidad o individualidad metafísica, la significación de la individualidad, la referencia al ser personal, la conciencia del ser personal, y la dignidad de la personalidad.
La antropología de Jaime Balmes
Authors: Chivite Cebolla Carmen Mª
Published: July 2022

El leitmotiv que impulsa a Jaime Balmes en todo su quehacer es un profundo amor a la verdad. Con él se da comienzo al estudio de su Antropología, pues es gracias a esa confianza y apuesta por la verdad-realidad por la que se justifica y alienta la búsqueda concreta de la verdad del ser humano. Partiendo de ella, revitalizada la verdad y nuestra capacidad cognoscitiva, Balmes afronta el problema antropológico contemporáneo, a saber, si existe la naturaleza humana y qué sea ésta. Rescata así, prontamente, la esencia y la existencia humanas, esto es, la verdad y la libertad del hombre, existencia libre que sólo puede llegar a su perfección si asume y desarrolla su propia esencia o verdad –«La verdad os hará libres»–. Recuperada la naturaleza humana, su esencia, Balmes se puede preguntar por qué sea ésta, por qué es el ser humano. Siguiendo su realismo metodológico (objetivo y subjetivo), se aborda esta importante cuestión desde un primer estudio analítico (lo que le liberaba de cualquier forma de panteísmo), completándolo con el sintético posterior (librándole entonces del exceso relativista). Pero esta división metodológica se va a mostrar, en la antropología balmesiana, como clave misma de interpretación del ser y misterio humano: Antropología integral e integradora que permite comprender y acoger al ser humano en toda su riqueza y diversidad, y le ofrece el camino de la armonía o unidad, en esa diversidad (interior y exterior), como clave para alcanzar su máxima plenitud.
Reflexiones sobre la enseñanza de la Física
Authors: Chadwick Geraldine
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo presenta algunas reflexiones acerca de la enseñanza de la Física en la Argentina y se enmarca diferentes investigaciones educativas dentro del área de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Naturales (DCN), en particular en la Didáctica de la Física (DF). En la Argentina, la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales y en particular de la Física, se encuentra en una profunda crisis que se manifiesta a través de los escasos logros de aprendizaje de los y las estudiantes (Ministerio de Educación, 2007). Acevedo Díaz (2005), aborda el problema de las finalidades educativas de la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales.
Reflexiones sobre la enseñanza de la Física
Authors: Abdalla Mauricio
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo presenta algunas reflexiones acerca de la enseñanza de la Física se parte del presupuesto, que todos los alumnos de los cursos superiores han pasado por la educación básica y, en consecuencia, han estudiado todas las materias científicas que componen el currículo educativo. Uno imagina, por tanto, que todos ellos tienen una formación científica adecuada, suficiente para garantizarles un conocimiento de la naturaleza y de los fenómenos físicos mayor y más preciso que el de sus antepasados de otras épocas. También se espera que los individuos educados de la sociedad contemporánea estén relativamente protegidos de la charlatanería, el oscurantismo, el negacionismo científico y la pseudociencia.
Estimation of Biomass Burning Emission of NO2 and CO from 2019–2020 Australia Fires Based on Satellite Observations
Authors: Wan Nenghan , Xiong Xiaozhen , Kluitenberg Gerard J. , Hutchinson J. M. Shawn , Aiken Robert , Zhao Haidong , Lin Xiaomao
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The bushfires that occurred in Australia in late 2019 and early 2020 were unprecedented in terms of their scale, intensity, and impacts. Using nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) data measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), together with fire counts and fire radiative power (FRP) from MODIS, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of NO2 and CO column densities over three selected areas covering savanna and temperate forest vegetation. The ΔNO2 / ΔCO emission ratio and emission factor were also estimated. The ΔNO2 / ΔCO emission ratio was found to be 1.5 ± 1.2 for temperate forest fire and ranged from 2 ± 1.3 to 2.8 ± 1.8 for savanna fire. For savanna and temperate forest fires, satellite-derived NOx emission factors are 1.29 g kg-1 and 1.2 g kg-1 separately, while CO emission factors are 62.34 and 112.5 g kg-1. This study demonstrates that the large-scale emission ratio from the TROPOMI satellite for different biomass burnings can help identify the relative contribution of smoldering and flaming activities and their impacts on the regional atmospheric composition and air quality.
Simulating the radiative forcing of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) in Asia based on machine learning estimates
Authors: Zhao Junri , Ma Weichun , Bilsback Kelsey R. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Zhou Shengqian , Chen Ying , Yang Guipeng , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from seawater is a key precursor to new particle formation and acts as a regulator in Earth's warming climate system. However, DMS's effects are not well understood in various ocean regions. In this study, we estimated DMS emissions based on a machine learning method and used the GEOS-Chem global 3D chemical transport model coupled with the TwO Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics scheme to simulate the atmospheric chemistry and radiative effects of DMS. The contributions of DMS to atmospheric SO42- aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations along with the radiative effects over the Asian region were evaluated for the first time. First, we constructed novel monthly resolved DMS emissions (0.5∘×0.5∘) for the year 2017 using a machine learning model; 4351 seawater DMS measurements (including the recent measurements made over the Chinese seas) and 12 relevant environment parameters were selected for model training. We found that the model could predict the observed DMS concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.75 and fill the values in regions lacking observations. Across the Asian seas, the highest seasonal mean DMS concentration occurred in March–April–May (MAM), and we estimate the annual DMS emission flux of 1.25 Tg (S), which is equivalent to 15.4 % of anthropogenic sulfur emissions over the entire simulation domain (which covered most of Asia) in 2017. The model estimates of DMS and methane sulfonic acid (MSA), using updated DMS emissions, were evaluated by comparing them with cruise survey experiments and long-term online measurement site data. The improvement in model performance can be observed compared with simulation results derived from the global-database DMS emissions. The relative contributions of DMS to SO42- and CCN were higher in remote oceanic areas, contributing 88 % and 42 % of all sources, respectively. Correspondingly, the sulfate direct radiative forcing (DRF) and indirect radiative forcing (IRF) contributed by DMS ranged from −200 to −20 mW m−2 and from −900 to −100 mW m−2, respectively, with levels varying by season. The strong negative IRF is mainly over remote ocean regions (−900 to −600 mW m−2). Generally, the magnitude of IRF derived by DMS was twice as large as its DRF. This work provides insights into the source strength of DMS and the impact of DMS on climate and addresses knowledge gaps related to factors controlling aerosols in the marine boundary layer and their climate impacts.
High-resolution satellite-based cloud detection for the analysis of land surface effects on boundary layer clouds
Authors: Fuchs Julia , Andersen Hendrik , Cermak Jan , Pauli Eva , Roebeling Rob
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The observation of boundary layer clouds with high-resolution satellite data can provide comprehensive insights into spatiotemporal patterns of land-surface-driven modification of cloud occurrence, such as the diurnal variation of the occurrence of fog holes and cloud enhancements attributed to
the impact of the urban heat island. High-resolution satellite-based cloud-masking approaches are often based on locally optimised thresholds that
can be affected by the local surface reflectance, and they therefore introduce spatial biases in the detected cloud cover. In this study, geostationary
satellite observations are used to develop and validate two high-resolution cloud-masking approaches for the region of Paris to show and improve
applicability for analyses of urban effects on clouds. Firstly, the Local Empirical Cloud Detection Approach (LECDA) uses an optimised threshold to
separate the distribution of visible reflectances into cloudy and clear sky for each individual pixel accounting for its locally specific
brightness. Secondly, the Regional Empirical Cloud Detection Approach (RECDA) uses visible reflectance thresholds that are independent of surface
reflection at the observed location. Validation against in-situ cloud fractions reveals that both approaches perform similarly, with a probability of
detection (POD) of 0.77 and 0.69 for LECDA and RECDA, respectively. Results show that with the application of RECDA a decrease of cloud cover during
typical fog or low-stratus conditions over the urban area of Paris for the month of November is likely a result of urban effects on cloud
dissipation. While LECDA is representative for the widespread usage of locally optimised approaches, comparison against RECDA reveals that the cloud
masks obtained from LECDA result in regional biases of ±5 % that are most likely caused by the differences in surface reflectance in and
around the urban areas of Paris. This makes the regional approach, RECDA, a more appropriate choice for the high-resolution satellite-based analysis
of cloud cover modifications over different surface types and the interpretation of locally induced cloud processes. Further, this approach is
potentially transferable to other regions and temporal scales for analysing long-term natural and anthropogenic impacts of land cover changes on
clouds.
Assessment of the impacts of biological nitrogen fixation structural uncertainty in CMIP6 earth system models
Authors: Davies-Barnard Taraka , Zaehle Sönke , Friedlingstein Pierre
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Biological nitrogen fixation is the main source of new
nitrogen into natural terrestrial ecosystems and consequently in the
nitrogen cycle in many earth system models. Representation of biological
nitrogen fixation varies, and because of the tight coupling between the
carbon and nitrogen cycles, previous studies have shown that this affects
projected changes in net primary productivity. Here we present the first
assessment of the performance of biological nitrogen fixation in models
contributing to CMIP6 compared to observed and observation-constrained
estimates of biological nitrogen fixation. We find that 9 out of 10 models
represent global total biological nitrogen fixation within the uncertainty
in recent global estimates. However, 6 out of 10 models overestimate the amount of fixation in the tropics and therefore the extent of the latitudinal
gradient in the global distribution. For the SSP3-7.0 scenario of future
climate change, models project increases in fixation over the 21st century of up to 80 %. However, while the historical range of biological
nitrogen fixation amongst models is large (up to 140 kg N ha−1 yr−1 at the grid cell level and 43–208 Tg N yr−1 globally) this does not have explanatory power for variations within the model ensemble of
net primary productivity or the coupled nitrogen–carbon cycle. Models with
shared structures can have significant variations in both biological
nitrogen fixation and other parts of the nitrogen cycle without differing in
their net primary productivity. This points to systematic challenges in the
representation of carbon–nitrogen model structures and the severe
limitations of models using net primary productivity or evapotranspiration
to project the biological nitrogen fixation response to elevated atmospheric
carbon dioxide or other environmental changes.
Carbon emissions and radiative forcings from tundra wildfires in the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, Alaska
Authors: Moubarak Michael , Sistla Seeta , Potter Stefano , Natali Susan M. , Rogers Brendan M.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Tundra environments are experiencing elevated levels of wildfire, and the frequency is expected to keep increasing due to accelerating climate change in the Arctic. Tundra wildfires can release globally significant amounts of greenhouse gasses that influence the Earth’s radiative balance. Here we develop a novel method for estimating carbon loss and the resulting radiative forcings of gaseous and aerosol emissions from 2015 tundra wildfires in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), AK. We paired burn depth measurements using two vegetative reference points that survived the fire event —Sphagnum fuscum and Dicranum spp.— with measurements of local organic matter and soil carbon properties to estimate total ecosystem organic matter and carbon loss. We used remotely-sensed data of fire severity from Landsat 8 to scale our measured losses to the entire fire-affected area, with an estimated total loss of 2.04 Tg of organic matter and 0.91 Tg of carbon, and an average loss of 3.76 kg m-2 of organic matter and 1.68 kg m-2 of carbon in the 2015 YKD wildfires. To demonstrate the impact of these fires on Earth’s radiation budget, we developed a simple but comprehensive framework to estimate the radiative forcing from Arctic wildfires. We synthesized existing research on the lifetime and radiative forcings of gaseous and aerosol emissions of CO2, N2O, CH4, O3 and its precursors, and fire aerosols. The model shows a net positive cumulative mean radiative forcing of 3.67 W m-2 using RCP 4.5 and 3.37 W m-2 using RCP 8.5 at 80 years post-fire, which was dominated by CO2 emissions. Our results highlight the climate impact of tundra wildfires, which positively reinforce climate warming and increased fire frequency through the radiative forcings of their gaseous emissions.
Physical parameters beneficial for grouping of western barbastelle bats into clusters during hibernation
Authors: Kłys Grzegorz , Ziembik Zbigniew , Makuchowska-Fryc Joanna
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Social hibernation of animals is one of the most important physiological and ecological behaviours. The purpose of the study was the investigation of the influence of the roostsite climate parameters: temperature (T), humidity (Rh) and air flow velocity (v) on the clustering of the Barbastella barbastellus (western barbastelle) during hibernation. The research was carried out in the underground systems of Poland (Central Europe) over a period of 6 years. The range of air parameters changes ranged for T from 6.0 to 12.4 °C, for Rh from 56.4 to 91.8 % and for v from 0.01 to 1.17 m/s. The quantile linear regression method was used for the statistical analysis of the results. The study indicated that the increase in the number of individuals in the hibernaculum occurs with an increase in the product (correlation result) T and v, while a decrease in the size of the group occurs with an increase in the products T and Rh, v and Rh as well as T, v and Rh.
Anthropogenic climate change drives non-stationary phytoplankton variance
Authors: Elsworth Geneviève W. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Krumhardt Kristen M. , Marchitto Thomas M. , Schlunegger Sarah
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Multiple studies conducted with Earth System Models suggest that anthropogenic climate change will influence marine phytoplankton over the coming century. Light limited regions are projected to become more productive and nutrient limited regions less productive. Anthropogenic climate change can influence not only the mean state, but also the variance around the mean state, yet little is known about how variance in marine phytoplankton will change with time. Here, we quantify the influence of anthropogenic climate change on internal variability in marine phytoplankton biomass from 1920 to 2100 using the Community Earth System Model 1 Large Ensemble (CESM1-LE). We find a significant decrease in the internal variance of global phytoplankton carbon biomass under a high emission (RCP8.5) scenario, with heterogeneous regional trends. Decreasing variance in biomass is most apparent in the subpolar North Atlantic and North Pacific. In these high-latitude regions, zooplankton grazing acts as a top-down control in reducing internal variance in phytoplankton biomass, with bottom-up controls (e.g., light, nutrients) having only a small effect on biomass variance. Grazing-driven declines in phytoplankton variance are also apparent in the biogeochemically critical regions of the Southern Ocean and the Equatorial Pacific. Our results suggest that climate mitigation and adaptation efforts that account for marine phytoplankton changes (e.g., fisheries) should also consider changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton variance driven by anthropogenic warming, particularly on regional scales.
Integrated Methane Inversion (IMI 1.0): a user-friendly, cloud-based facility for inferring high-resolution methane emissions from TROPOMI satellite observations
Authors: Varon Daniel J. , Jacob Daniel J. , Sulprizio Melissa , Estrada Lucas A. , Downs William B. , Shen Lu , Hancock Sarah E. , Nesser Hannah , Qu Zhen , Penn Elise , Chen Zichong , Lu Xiao , Lorente Alba , Tewari Ashutosh , Randles Cynthia A.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We present a user-friendly, cloud-based facility for quantifying methane emissions with 0.25∘ × 0.3125∘
(≈ 25 km × 25 km) resolution by inverse analysis of satellite observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring
Instrument (TROPOMI). The facility is built on an Integrated Methane Inversion optimal estimation workflow (IMI 1.0) and supported for use on the
Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. It exploits the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and TROPOMI data already resident on AWS, thus avoiding
cumbersome big-data download. Users select a region and period of interest, and the IMI returns an analytical solution for the Bayesian optimal
estimate of period-average emissions on the 0.25∘ × 0.3125∘ grid including error statistics, information content, and
visualization code for inspection of results. The inversion uses an advanced research-grade algorithm fully documented in the literature. An
out-of-the-box inversion with rectilinear grid and default prior emission estimates can be conducted with no significant learning curve. Users can
also configure their inversions to infer emissions for irregular regions of interest, swap in their own prior emission inventories, and modify
inversion parameters. Inversion ensembles can be generated at minimal additional cost once the Jacobian matrix for the analytical inversion has been
constructed. A preview feature allows users to determine the TROPOMI information content for their region and time period of interest before
actually performing the inversion. The IMI is heavily documented and is intended to be accessible by researchers and stakeholders with no expertise
in inverse modelling or high-performance computing. We demonstrate the IMI's capabilities by applying it to estimate methane emissions from the US
oil-producing Permian Basin in May 2018.