bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a wearable textile piece for remote heart rate variability monitoring in dairy cows under grazing conditions
Authors: Betancourth–Chaves Patricia , Montoya–Zuluaga John , Rodríguez Berardo , Timarán–Rivera Andrés , Rios-Pena Lina , Hernández–Oviedo Filadelfo , Vallejo–Timarán Darío
Published: January 2025

In veterinary medicine, heart rate variability (HRV) has emerged as a tool for assessing welfare, comfort, stress responses, and physiological status. This study aimed to design and validate a vest-type wearable textile piece for remote HRV measurement and monitoring in dairy cows under rotational grazing conditions in high tropics. The vest-type textile piece was developed to protect and stabilize the Holter-type measurement devices in field conditions while ensuring it did not affect the animals' comfort and allowed for proper HRV measurements. For the HRV measurement, a Polar H10® Heart Rate Sensor and a Polar Unite® watch were used respectively. To evaluate the practical application of the vests and animal comfort, lactating Holstein healthy dairy cows (n = 74) were used. An ethogram was conducted to ensure the vest did not affect cow comfort. Behavioral and physiological responses showed the behaviors and social interaction patterns of the cows wearing the vest were similar to those of animals without the vest. Holter-type devices can be integrated into tools such as the vest-type textile piece designed in the present study and constitute an innovative and effective tool for continuous and non-invasive HRV monitoring in cows grazing in the high tropics preserving comfort and welfare.
A High-Conductivity and Adhesive Ionogel Strain Sensor for Monitoring Stimulus-Response Behavior of Aquatic Organism
Authors: Wen Yahui , Wang Xinghai , Zhao Jinxue , Zhai Xuejing , Xia Wei , Li Peiyi , Lai Keqiang , Zhu Meiwen , Lin Zhengde , Luo Tuyan , Wu Lidong
Published: January 2025

Ionogels have emerged as versatile materials with potential applications in flexible electronics and soft robotics. However, preparing high-performance ionogels with high conductivity and good mechanical strength remains challenging. Here, we report the development of a novel supramolecular ionogel as a wearable device for monitoring the stimulus-response behavior of aquatic animals. The integration of silver nanowires (AgNWs) endows the ionogel with good electrical conductivity (0.56 S m− 1) and mechanical robustness (strain tolerance › 1400%). The ionic liquid (IL) makes the AgIL ionogel exhibit superior adhesion properties (84.6 kPa) across diverse substrates, including biological tissues (e.g., pig skin). Furthermore, this wearable electronic exhibit an ultra-low detection limit (0.5%). The wearable electronics device consists of flexible AgIL ionogels as the sensing material, a microcontroller, a signal processing circuit, and a Bluetooth transceiver. Its electrical responsiveness and stable cyclic performance highlight its potential for wearable applications. This device can clearly and continuously monitor the regular or various stimuli-induced movements of the gills, tail, and body of aquatic animals such as the Chinese sturgeon and bullfrog. Comparative studies with traditional rigid ionogels and hydrogels underscore the significant enhancements in flexibility, adhesion, and conductivity by our design. This work provides a pathway for engineering multifunctional gels tailored for next generation soft electronic interfaces and broadens strain sensors' application range.
Validation of the diagnostic yield and safety of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in diagnosis of interstitial lung disease: a retrospective study from a single center in China
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Qian , Li Shanshan , Zhu Huifang , He Mingfeng , Miao Guiling
Published: January 2025

Background
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of rare lung disorders affecting the lung interstitium. Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of ILDs. However, the clinical use of SLB is limited by the procedure-associated complications. Although transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is reported to be safer than SLB and more effective than transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), it has not been widely used in clinical practice due to the small sample size reported. The aim of the present study was to validate the safety and diagnostic yield of TBLC in a large Chinese cohort from a single-center in China.
Methods
Included in this study were ILD patients who received TBLC at Drum Tower Hospital in Nanjing, China between 2017 and 2020. The clinical features of these ILD patients were obtained from the medical records. Risk factors associated with complication occurrence during TBLC were evaluated by student's t-tests or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate.
Results
Included in this study were 159 ILD patients with a mean age of 48.3 ± 11.3 years. The mean procedural duration for TBLC was 27.2 ± 5.92min. The mean number of biopsied specimens was 4.3 ± 0.9 with a mean diameter of 0.29 ± 0.13 mm. The overall occurrence of pneumothorax and severe bleeding was 15.7% and 16.3% respectively. The overall histopathologic diagnostic yield was 82.2%. Biopsied in the left lung and obtaining higher number of specimens had a much higher risk of developing pneumothorax. In addition, the larger diameter of specimen and longer procedural time were significantly associated with higher risk of bleeding.
Conclusion
TBLC is safe for the diagnosis of ILD with a high diagnostic yield. The associated complications could be tolerated and well controlled.
Funnel Random Forest: Inliers-Focused Ensemble Learning for Improved Prognostics of Heart Failure
Authors: Parisi Luca , Manaog Marianne Lyne
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel Funnel Random Forest (FRF) methodology to improve the accuracy and reliability of clinical prognostics, particularly for patients with heart failure. FRF identifies outliers using information theory-based metrics during training, reducing outliers by 11.04% compared to traditional methods. The model was trained on a dataset of 299 clinical records, achieving an 82.56% accuracy, a 1.67% improvement over standard Random Forest models. FRF outperformed existing models, with a 9.67% increase in accuracy and a 25.6% improvement in reliability, measured by the Precision-Recall Area Under the Curve (PR-AUC). These results demonstrate the model's potential to enhance clinical decision support, leading to better patient outcomes through early and precise prognostic predictions.
Association between METS-IR and Ischaemic Heart Disease: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018 Analyses
Authors: Guo Xia , Chu Haoxuan , Xu Hanchi , Guo Zhen , Tian Yulin , Gao Lu
Published: January 2025

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) represents a significant global health burden. The Metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) represents an innovative tool for assessing insulin resistance (IR), a well-established factor linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between METS-IR and IHD within the United States population has yet to be fully clarified. This analysis seeks to investigate the possible relationship between METS-IR and IHD, providing insights into how metabolic factors may influence cardiovascular risk in this demographic.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was executed on a cohort of 14,305 participants selected from the 2007–2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METS-IR was calculated, and IHD was recognized through self-reported diagnoses of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attack, or angina pectoris. To assess the link between METS-IR and IHD, multivariate logistic regression was applied. Interaction effects were also assessed, and smoothed curve fitting was utilized to provide a more detailed analysis of the relationship.
Results: The analysis included 14,305 participants, among whom 1,050 were identified as having IHD. In the fully adjusted model, a one-unit unit increase in METS-IR was linked to a 2% rise in the odds of IHD (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). In the categorical analysis, individuals in the highest METS-IR quartile showed a 76% higher probability of IHD as opposed to those in the lowest quartile (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.31). Interaction analyses revealed significant effects based on age and gender, suggesting that the correlation between METS-IR and IHD varied across these subgroups.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that increased METS-IR is linked to a heightened risk of IHD, highlighting its potential as an important biomarker for evaluating cardiovascular risk in the United States population. Additional longitudinal studies are necessary to ascertain a causal association between METS-IR and IHD.
New insights into the cis-regulation of the CFTR gene in pancreatic cells
Authors: Blotas Clara , Nabec Anaïs Le , Collobert Mégane , Bulcaen Mattijs , Carlon Marianne S. , Férec Claude , Moisan Stéphanie
Published: January 2025

Background
Spatial organization of the genome is fundamental for ensuring accurate gene expression. This process depends on the communication between gene promoters and distal cis-regulatory elements (CREs), which together make up 8% of the human genome and are supported by the chromatin structure. It is estimated that over 90% of disease-associated variants are located in the non-coding region of the genome and may affect CRE. For the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, a complete understanding of tissue-specific CFTR expression and regulation is missing, in particular in the pancreas. Mechanistic insights into tissue-specific expression may provide clarity on the clinical heterogeneity observed in Cystic Fibrosis and CFTR-related disorders.
Methods
To understand the role of 3D chromatin architecture in establishing tissue-specific expression of the CFTR gene, we mapped chromatin interactions via circular chromosome conformation capture (4C) and epigenomic regulation through H3K27ac and DNase Hypersensitive site I (DHS) in Capan-1 pancreatic cells. Candidate regulatory regions are validated by luciferase reporter assay and CRISPR-knock out.
Results
We identified active regulatory regions not only around the CFTR gene but also outside the topologically associating domain (TAD). By performing functional assays, we validated our targets and revealed a cooperative effect of the − 44 kb, -35 kb, + 15.6 kb and 37.7 kb regions, which share common predicted transcription factor (TF) motifs. Comparative 3D genomic analysis and functional assays using the Caco-2 intestinal cell line revealed the presence of tissue-specific CREs.
Conclusion
By studying the chromatin architecture of the CFTR locus in Capan-1 cells, we demonstrated the involvement of multiple CREs upstream and downstream of the CFTR gene. We also extend our analysis to compare intestinal and pancreatic cells and provide information on the tissue-specificity of CRE. These findings highlight the importance of expanding the search for causative variants beyond the gene coding sequence but also by considering the tissue-specific 3D genome.
Co-creating Norwegian DigiPer: a digital tool including peer support for managing mental, physical, and social health in serious mental illness
Authors: Skjærpe Jorunn Nærland , Fjellså Hilde Marie Hunsbedt , Fortuna Karen L. , Wang Bo , Storm Marianne
Published: January 2025

Background
People with serious mental illness (SMI) often encounter physical health issues, a lack of focus on self-management, and persistent symptoms of mental illness. Strategies to empower people with SMI to self-manage their mental, physical, and social health are needed. The PeerTECH application is an American digital peer support intervention that can help manage health issues and promote self-management skills for people with SMI. This study aims to co-create a Norwegian version of PeerTECH, DigiPer, with service users, peer support workers, and professionals from Norwegian community mental healthcare.
Methods
This study employs a qualitative design using principles of co-creation to develop the Norwegian DigiPer. We conducted workshops, videoconference demonstrations, and application testing with key stakeholders in the co-creation process. The data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
Five themes and ten subthemes were developed in the data analysis. The first theme reflected feedback and challenges in DigiPer functioning, with the subthemes of Usability in DigiPer and Managing complexity in DigiPer classes. The second theme focused on the peer support worker's role, with subthemes of recognizing and addressing user challenges and balancing self-responsibility and support. The third theme focused on the content of DigiPer in addressing day-to-day challenges, with subthemes of supporting personal growth and goal setting and DigiPer as a tool to build supportive networks. The fourth theme highlighted the use of DigiPer to encourage a healthy lifestyle, with subthemes of addressing substance use and smoking habits and improving sleep and stress management. The fifth theme provided a holistic view of health, with subthemes of connecting users to relevant services and a need for support to overcome financial challenges.
Conclusions
DigiPer has good usability among community mental healthcare stakeholders and has proper functionality, which is relevant to the Norwegian context. Although challenges exist, all participants perceived DigiPer as a meaningful and promising tool to help people with SMI improve their self-management of their mental, physical, and social health. Future studies should assess the accessibility and feasibility of the Norwegian DigiPer.
Global, regional, and national childhood brain and central nervous system cancer burden: An analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Su Zhenjin , Lu Jie , Shi Yuheng , Li Tian , Qi Bin , Guo Zeshang
Published: January 2025

Objectives
We assessed the global, regional, and national burden of childhood brain and central nervous system cancer from 1990 to 2021 (the latest year).
Methods
We utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study, we analyzed trends in childhood brain and central nervous system cancer through joinpoint regression. We assessed the global burden of childhood brain and central nervous system cancer from various perspectives. Lastly, The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was employed to forecast future trends through 2030
Results
Childhood brain and CNS cancers are the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of death in children. From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs have shown a decreasing trend. The incidence is slightly higher in boys than in girls and peaking at ages 0–4 years, decreasing with age. The disease burden correlates with socio-demographic indices, with higher burdens observed in regions with higher socio-demographic indices. Future projections indicate a continued decline in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs.
Conclusions
While the global burden of childhood brain and CNS cancer has significantly decreased due to medical advancements, it continues to be a major cause of childhood mortality. Further optimization of global health resources is crucial to alleviating this burden.
COVID-19 and maxillofacial trauma: are we back to where we left off?
Authors: Qooz Fahad Al , Olaimat Mohammed S. Al , Alzoubi Zaid R. , Alanazi Mohammed Opaidallah , Murdif Ali S. Al , Algerafi Mohammed H. , Alqahtani Abdulkarim M. , Alzoubi Hamzeh Z.
Published: January 2025

Design: This wasa single-centre cross-sectional retrospective study.
Background: Facial trauma is inevitable in the field of maxillofacial surgery. Restrictive measures imposed during the pandemic increased patients’ anxiety and social awareness. Despite these changes, trauma continues through the mechanisms of falls, motor‒vehicle accidents (MVAs), alleged assaults, and other aetiologies.
Objective: To identify the changes in the patterns of maxillofacial trauma and types of fractures that occurred during and after the pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on maxillofacial trauma in the Middle East.
Patients & Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively at the King Hussein Medical Center, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, from May 2022 to May 2024. The inclusion criterion wasthe surgical repair of facial fractures during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients of both sexes were included if they were under the age of 75. The exclusion criterion was the failure to fulfil the inclusion criterion. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS v29 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, US), with significant results indicated by a p value <0.05.
Results: Patients were divided into two groups: patients in group 1 underwent surgery during the pandemic, and patients in group 2 underwent surgery after it had been declared that the pandemic was over. A total of 136 patients were included in this retrospective analysis. Fall injuries were the most common mechanism of injury in group 1, although the proportion of patients who had experienced MVAs was also high, whereas in group 2, the prevalence of MVA was twice as high as in group 1. There were statistically significant differences in the mechanism of trauma and the type of fracture between both groups, both when considered together and separately (p <0.001). Sex was not found to be a significant factor affecting the mechanism or type of fracture (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma can be controlled but cannot be prevented. An emphasis on educating the population about safety measures at home, in workplaces, and/or while driving is needed. Coordination between civil defence departments and hospitals playsan important role in educating the population and reducing the incidence and prevalence of trauma.
Establishing a Comprehensive Data Protection Impact Assessment Methodology for Big Data Analytics in Compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Georgiadis Georgios , Poels Geert
Published: January 2025

In today’s digital landscape, as big data analytics (BDA) gain increasing significance, it is vital to have robust strategies for safeguarding privacy and data protection. This paper focuses on improving data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) in the context of BDA, aligning them with the principles of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Through a study that combines a Delphi approach with individual expert interviews, we have validated nine critical privacy touch points (PTPs) for adapting DPIA methodology to BDA environments. These PTPs, identified in our previous research, address key privacy and data protection issues in BDA, including consent nuances, definitions of data control, and challenges such as re-identification and discrimination. The result is a framework tailored to the unique landscape of BDA technologies. This research stands out by thoroughly analysing and validating these nine PTPs and offering actionable recommendations to enhance the existing DPIA framework. With the anticipated growth of artificial intelligence and large language models, BDA will continue to attract attention. Our research therefore contributes both academically and practically by supporting the evolution of thorough DPIA practices while providing guidance for policymakers, businesses, and privacy advocates.
A Novel Multi-Factor Authentication Approach Integrating Dynamic Image Grids and Cell Addresses Algorithm
Authors: Yeboah Donald , Addo Prince Clement , Dagadu Joshua Caleb
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel graphical multi-factor authentication (MFA) algorithm that integrates user image hashes and dynamic image grids with cell addresses (DIGCA) to optimize storage requirements with robust security. The algorithm stores image hashes rather than actual images, significantly reducing storage space while maintaining security integrity. In contrast to the existing image recognition algorithm, the algorithm shows a drastic reduction of 99.9% in storage requirements. Performance analysis demonstrates that the algorithm provides a high level of accuracy with a 95.36% success rate in user authentication over an extended period. Again, the image grid and cell addresses prove an ample password space and entropy. With the minimum assumption grid size, it achieves a password space of 1.36 × 1040 , Which makes it virtually impossible for an attacker to guess the correct combination. The results underscore the algorithm’s potential as a superior alternative to existing MFA schemes, offering both security and practicality in modern authentication systems.
A Mathematical Review on EEG Channel Selection Techniques for Motor Imagery Classification
Authors: Lee Seungjun
Published: January 2025

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology is recently being spotlighted as the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) increased drastically. Although there are several instruments to measure brain's activity, Electroencephalography(EEG) signal is in limelight as it has high temporal resolution and is non-invasive, while being extremely portable. However, the raw EEG signals can not be directly used in BCI systems as it includes a lot of artifacts, and has numerous channels. Therefore, selecting only the needed channels and rejecting ones that include big noises are crucial to increase the performance of classification.
Motor Imagery EEG (MI-EEG) is a type of EEG where subjects imagine that they are moving their body. MI-EEG channel selection techniques can be divided into two big groups: Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) based models and non-CSP based models. Therefore in this paper, we introduce the models classified in the criteria above, using detailed and strict mathematical terms, and compare each approach's accuracies.
Uso de Aparelho, Fatores Preditores e Acesso ao Tratamento Ortodôntico por Crianças de 12 Anos de Idade
Authors: Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Chiba Erika Kiyoko , Garbin Artênio José Isper , Chiba Fernando Yamamoto , Saliba Tânia Adas , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba
Published: January 2025

Introdução: O tratamento adequado da oclusopatia é fundamental, mas nem sempre isso acontece. Objetivo: Investigar o uso de aparelho ortodôntico por jovens de 12 anos de idade. Metodologia: Realizou-se um inquérito com responsáveis de 410 escolares de um município do Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se um questionário com as variáveis: uso e tipo de aparelho, razões da instalação, sessões de ativação, tempo de tratamento, custo e satisfação com o tratamento. Também se investigou: recebimento de orientação sobre higiene bucal e frequência de escovação. Resultados: Do total, 15,86% apresentavam experiência de uso de aparelho ortodôntico, dos quais 63,08% atendidos em clínicas particulares, 18,46% em clínicas conveniadas e 15,38% em clínicas de universidades. Quanto ao tipo de aparelho, 60% relataram tratamento com aparelhos fixos. Entre as principais razões da instalação, 35,38% foram por estética, 26,15% por problemas mastigatórios e 15,38% por indicação do cirurgião-dentista. Quanto às ativações, 30% não realizavam todas as sessões. O tempo médio de tratamento foi de 12 ± 7.39 meses. Os custos médios mensais dos tratamentos particulares foram R$72,98 e realizados por convênio R$56,36. Quase a totalidade dos responsáveis (92.31%) relatou que os jovens haviam recebido orientação sobre higiene bucal e que 47,69% deles realizavam escovação dentária, em média, 2 vezes/dia. Quanto à satisfação com o tratamento, 10,77% dos responsáveis estavam insatisfeitos com o custo. Conclusão: O uso de aparelho ortodôntico foi expressivo, em grande parte devido a estética, e que uma parcela considerável do acesso ocorreu por meio de convênios e universidades.
BASIC ASPECTS OF TEACHING «BUSINESS ENGLISH» AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE IN THE WORKS OF UKRAINIAN AND WESTERN SCHOLARS
Authors: Tymchyk Maryna
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the peculiarities of teaching the «Business English» course and the approaches of Ukrainian and Western researchers in their exploration. It is established that the discipline of Business English is a unity of three components: teaching, the English language itself, and awareness of terminology and professional features of business communities. It is clarified that modern teaching methods include creating an atmosphere in which students feel comfortable and relaxed, stimulating their interests and creative abilities, and activating their skills to analyze various situations during the learning process of the English language. Studying «Business English» as an academic discipline includes a comprehensive process that encompasses not only language skills but also the development of abilities required for conducting business at an international level. Students must master the specific vocabulary of international business communication, understand the cultural and professional features of business communities, and acquire the skills to write business letters, conduct negotiations, participate in conferences, work with financial documents, and prepare reports. It is essential to apply the language in various business situations, such as contract negotiations or cooperation with international partners, as well as to communicate effectively with representatives from different cultures while maintaining business etiquette and resolving intercultural challenges. Active learning methods used in the study of Business English are characterized by promoting cognitive activity among students. They are based on dialogue, meaning a free exchange of ideas regarding the possible solutions to tasks and situations, and they are marked by a high level of engagement from learners. The article emphasizes the challenges and difficulties faced by lecturers and teachers in the process of teaching foreign languages. It also discusses the importance of integrating innovative approaches and technologies into the learning process to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and the development of students' communicative skills in the business field.
AMENAMEVIR: A BREAKTHROUGH IN HERPESVIRUS THERAPY
Authors:   MD, Senior Resident, Department of Dermatology, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair., Salam Arisha , Verma Kuldeep ,   MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Skin and VD, Government Medical College , Orai., Nair Sandeep ,   MBBS, Department of Dermatology, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair., Nagarajan Abhinesh ,   MD, Senior Resident, Department of DVL, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai.
Published: January 2025

Amenamevir is a promising antiviral agent with strong activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This review article aims to explore its pharmacodynamics, therapeutic potential, and safety profile in detail. Amenamevir functions by inhibiting the viral helicase-primase complex, a crucial step in viral DNA replication, distinguishing it from other antiviral drugs. The article examines the results from clinical trials assessing its efficacy in treating recurrent herpesvirus infections, its pharmacokinetic properties, and its suitability for patients with compromised immune systems. We also discuss the drugs safety and tolerability, identifying common side effects, drug interactions, and contraindications. Furthermore, the review highlights Amenamevirs potential role in managing antiviral resistance and its possible broader applications in the treatment of chronic viral infections. Finally, future directions are outlined, including the exploration of combination therapy and the development of more accessible oral formulations, to optimize the clinical use of Amenamevir.
THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY TRAUMA AND HYPOCRISY OF CHARITY IN CHARLES DICKENSS OLIVER TWIST
Authors:   B.A English Literature Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology., Balaji Rithika , Safrin Safrin ,   Assistant Professor of English Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai.
Published: January 2025

The English writer Charles Dickens was known for his work as a novelist, journalist, short story writer, and social critic. He was the creator of some of literatures most well-known fictional characters, and many consider him to be the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.Charles Dickenss era witnessed significant changes in children and social reality due to the Industrial Revolution and the prevalent socio-economic conditions. Due to widespread poverty, a significant number of children were required to work in factories, mines, and as chimney sweeps.The increase in orphans and homeless children was due to diseases, poor living conditions, and high mortality rates among adults. The harsh conditions of many children living on the street or in workhouses caused high child mortality rates, as well as inadequate medical care, poor nutrition, and unsanitary living conditions. Overcrowded urban areas experienced a spike in diseases such as cholera, typhus, and tuberculosis. Oliver Twist is notable for its unflinching depiction of the underbelly of Victorian society and its criticism of social institutions that fail to protect the vulnerable. Dickenss vivid characterizations and dramatic storytelling make the novel both a compelling narrative and a powerful social commentary. So the Aim of this research paper is focussing on Hypocrisy of charity, Psychological Trauma, Social Reform. Dickens criticises the institutions meant to aid the poor, like the workhouse system, which often caused more harm than good. The psychological impact of poverty, abuse, and neglect on individuals, especially children. Highlighting the need for societal change and the impact of social reform movements on improving conditions for the poor.
RISK FACTORS FOR MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN PROXIMAL FEMORAL FRACTURES
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco., Ahtil Redouane , Atmani Walid ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco., Elwali Abderrahmane ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco., Bensghir Mustapha ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco., Abou Elalaa Khalil ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco., Balkhi Hicham ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco.
Published: January 2025

Proximal femoral fractures (hip fractures) are a major public health concern, particularly in the elderly, due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. This retrospective descriptive study, conducted at the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital between January 2018 and June 2021, aimed to identify risk factors for short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients over 50 years of age undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures. A total of 125 patients were included in the study. The analysis revealed several significant risk factors for morbidity and mortality, including age over 70, anemia, preoperative renal insufficiency, and delayed treatment beyond 48 hours. Multivariate analysis indicated that treatment delay was the only statistically significant factor associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality (p=0.015). Postoperative complications were found to be associated with neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, thromboembolic, and chronic pain, with significant relationships to anesthesia techniques, prolonged hospitalization, and pre-existing comorbidities. In-hospital mortality was 4%, with a 3-month mortality rate of 8.8% and a 1-year mortality rate of 20.8%. The study highlighted the impact of early surgical intervention, revealing that a delay in treatment by more than 48 hours was associated with a higher risk of complications and mortality. Furthermore, the study explored the influence of anesthesia techniques on patient outcomes, noting a slightly higher incidence of mortality in patients receiving general anesthesia compared to spinal anesthesia, though the difference was not statistically significant. The findings emphasize the importance of early intervention, identification of risk factors, and the need for multidisciplinary care to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of these fractures on healthcare systems.
THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CONNECTIONS IN MODERATING THE EFFECT OF BOARD DIVERSITY ON FINANCIAL DISTRESS
Authors: Prihatiningtias Yeney Widya , Adiwicaksana Surya
Published: January 2025

This research aims to examine the role of political connection in moderating the effect of board gender diversity and board size on financial distress. A sample of 46 banking companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange between during the 2021-2023 period was selected using a purposive sampling method. Panel data regression were used for data analysis. The results of the research exhibit that board of commissioner gender diversity has no effect on financial distress; board of director gender diversity has a positive effect on financial distress; and board size has a negative effect on financial distress. Political connections cannot moderate the effect of gender diversity, but can moderate the negative effect of gender diversity and the positive effect of board size on financial distress. This finding, as such, can provide insights for corporate management and regulators to determine the most effective corporate board design to improve the companies financial performance and avoid financial distress.
Keywords: Board diversity; board size; corporate governance; political connection; financial distress
EXPLORING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE INDONESIAN AUDITORS' INTENTION TO USE BIG DATA ANALYTICS: APPLICATION OF THE UTAUT MODEL WITH PERCEIVED RISK AND TRUST
Authors: Levi Chrisrian , Angelus Michael
Published: January 2025

The adoption of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in auditing is vital in the fourth industrial revolution era, yet imany auditors in Indonesia hesitate to embrace these tools. This study aims to identify factors influencing Indonesian auditors' intention to use BDA, applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and including perceived risk and trust variables. Using quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed via Google Form to 134 auditor respondents in Indonesia, primarily in DKI Jakarta. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. Result shows that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and trust significantly influence auditors' intention to use BDA, while perceived risk does not significantly affect the intention to use BDA. This study underscores the importance of strengthening auditor trust in technology to enhance BDA adoption, with training and technical support identified as supportive factors to increase auditor comfort and confidence in using BDA in the future, also future research could explore the longitudinal impacts of BDA adoption or extend the study to diverse industries and regions.
Comercio, política y cotidianeidades en una región transfronteriza latinoamericana: el caso de Corumbá/Puerto Suárez/Puerto Quijarro (Brasil/Bolivia)
Authors: Dilla Alfonso Haroldo , Herrera Canales Simón , Yanguas Xavier Andrea Paola
Published: January 2025

Las regiones transfronterizas latinoamericanas son multidimensionales y multiescalares. En ellas inciden factores estructurantes —la economía, la política, las cotidianeidades, las identidades y el medioambiente— que colisionan en sí mismos y entre sí, y generan sobredeterminaciones. El artículo resalta la fuerte incidencia de los factores de la cotidianeidad, en la misma medida en que aquí no existen proyectos políticos postnacionalistas, ni estrategias de acumulación que usen a las fronteras como recursos. Se analiza desde esta óptica una región transfronteriza que enlaza a las dos principales zonas económicas de Brasil y Bolivia y se articula en torno a las ciudades de Corumbá del lado brasileño, y Puerto Quijarro/Puerto Suárez en Bolivia. Se concluye con algunas invitaciones heurísticas relacionadas con las características de los agentes y las perspectivas de nuevas modalidades de gobernanza. Se basa en un estudio de campo, así como en la revisión documental y de la bibliografía existente llevada a cabo de 2023 a 2024.
The transfer of heavy metals from the water "in the dish", through fish
Authors:   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Neidoni Dorian Gabriel , Gheorghe Stefania ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Negrea Sorina Claudia ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Pacala Adina ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Pahomi Alexandru ,   West University of Timisoara
Published: January 2025

The current work aimed to highlight the impact produced by copper intoxication on the freshwater fish species Cyprinus carpio L. Besides quantifying the degree of metal accumulation in the fish tissues, we also proposed a different approach, namely to see how much the thermal handling/preparation affects the heavy metal concentration in the final product. For this, boiling and frying techniques of intoxicate fish fillets were used. The results showed a considerable percentage decrease of copper in fish fillets subjected to thermal preparation compared to those not thermally treated (raw).
Impact assessment of wastewater on water quality using new quality indices and multiple linear regression
Authors:   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Pirvu Florinela , Paun Iuliana ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Iancu Vasile ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Vasilache Nicoleta ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Rudaru Daniel ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Niculescu Marcela ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Tenea Anda-Gabriela ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest, Chiriac Florentina Laura ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology ECOIND Bucharest
Published: January 2025

The Wastewater Quality Index (WWQI) is a unique measure that synthesizes the overall quality of wastewater. The main objective of the study was to evaluate whether the quality of wastewater reaching the treatment plant is suitable for optimal disposal using the WWQI approach. To understand the correlation between the determined indicators, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, so that the results of the analyses reflect the overall quality of the evaluated wastewater. Additionally, statistical analysis was employed to develop a simple prediction model through multiple linear regression (MLR) to predict WWQI based on various wastewater quality parameters. The results indicate good and regular quality of treated wastewater for safe disposal, according to the classification of WWQI levels, and the prediction model yielded values similar to those estimated.
A Comparative Review on the Production of Factor VIII in Human and Non-human Hosts
Authors: Ghaemi Amirhossein , Moghimi Hamid , Sarrafzadeh Mohammad-Hossein
Published: January 2025

Hemophilia A (HA) is an inherited condition that is characterized by a lack of coagulation factor
VIII (FVIII), which is needed for blood clotting. To produce recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) for treatment, innovative
methods are required. This study presents a thorough examination of the genetic engineering and
biotechnological methods that are essential for the production of this complex process. Multiple host cells,
such as animal, microbial, and human cell lines, are examined. Cultivating genetically modified cells enables
the production of rFVIII, with further changes after protein synthesis, such as glycosylation, taking place in eukaryotic
cells to guarantee correct folding. The extraction and purification of rFVIII require advanced methods,
including affinity chromatography, to improve the purity of the protein. The purified protein undergoes rigorous
quality control, which includes Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE)
analysis, to assess its identity, purity, and functioning. The scalability of this approach allows for the
synthesis of significant amounts of rFVIII for therapeutic purposes. Optimization strategies include modifying
B-domain-deleted (BDD) FVIII, including introns in FVIII complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences to boost
synthesis and storage, and making changes to chaperone-binding areas to optimize protein release. Furthermore,
the search for a modified form of FVIII that has a longer duration of action in the body shows potential
for enhancing the effectiveness of synthetic FVIII and progressing the treatment of hemophilia A. Future research
should focus on improving the treatment of hemophilia A by developing a variant of FVIII that has increased
stability and reduced immunogenicity.
A Delve into the Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Targets, and Biological Mechanisms of Ichnocarpous frutescens Linn R. Br.: A Review on the Current Status of Knowledge
Authors: Dwivedi Jyotsana , Wal Pranay , Gupta Arunima , Chakraborthy GunoSindhu , Srivastava Amulya , Sharma Mukesh Chandra , Gunjal Sachinkumar Dnyaneshwar
Published: January 2025

In India, Ichnocarpous frutescens Linn R. Br. (I. frutescens) is a woody climbing shrub belonging to
the Apocynaceae family. Tribes traditionally use it as a substitute for Indian Sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus)
to treat conditions such as delirium, convulsions, atrophy, diarrhea, measles, splenomegaly, tuberculosis, tumours,
and diabetes. It has also been used as a lactagogue, antipyretic, demulcent, diaphoretic, and skin moisturizer.
This study aimed to gather information on the phytochemistry, traditional applications, and pharmacological
properties of I. frutescens. Various scientific studies have evaluated their phytochemical components
and therapeutic potential. Phytochemical studies have identified 28 compounds, including triterpenes, flavonoids,
phytosterols, and other phenolic compounds. Several pharmacological effects of plant extracts have been
documented, including anticancer, antiurolithiatic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory,
antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Additionally, this review examines the biological
mechanisms underlying these pharmacological actions, emphasizing the potential therapeutic applications of
the plant. By consolidating the current knowledge, this review serves as a valuable resource for further research
and potential utilization of I. frutescens in modern pharmacotherapy, paving the way for future studies to explore
its full range of effects and uses.
Eco-Friendly and Facile Synthesis of Diverse Heterocycles Via Zirconia Nanoparticles Catalyzed One Pot Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Choudhary Akanksha , Verma Monika , Bharti Ruchi , Sharma Renu
Published: January 2025

The crucial need for sustainable and ecologically benign synthetic methodologies has propelled the
exploration of catalytic systems that symbolize green chemistry principles. Zirconia, known for its exceptional
catalytic properties and environmental compatibility, emerges as a promising catalyst for the synthesis of heterocyclic
compounds. Parallelly, the one-pot multicomponent approach enhances the efficiency of the synthetic
process, offering advantages such as reduced reaction steps, atom economy, and overall resource optimization.
The Eco-friendly nature of zirconia catalysts, coupled with the versatility of one-pot multicomponent reactions,
not only streamlines synthetic procedures but also addresses the pressing demand for sustainable protocols in
contemporary organic synthesis. This comprehensive review systematically explores the current progress in
zirconia-catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions to get various heterocycles and discusses the key advancements,
reaction mechanisms, and the impact of reaction conditions on the catalytic efficiency of zirconia.
Insights from this review will lead a path to the development of innovative and environmentally conscious
strategies for the generation of diverse heterocycles, catering to the evolving landscape of green chemistry and
green practices in the domain of organic synthesis.
Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Devi Meenu , Kumari Akriti , Yadav Anjali , Kumar Ashish , Dwivedi Jaya , Kaur Navjeet
Published: January 2025

Efficient synthesis of heterocyclic has always been a very important task in drug discovery. Most of
the drugs contain heterocycles to provide an interface between chemistry and biology. Among the various heterocyclic
compounds, quinazoline, a heterocyclic compound, offers multiple advantages like pyrimidine, pyridine,
piperidine, imidazole, morpholine, quinoline, purine, etc. Many research groups have demonstrated numerous
synthesis techniques to harvest the advantage of quinazoline. Therefore, it is necessary to understand
the various aspects of the development techniques of quinazoline as industry-oriented application. Various
methodologies have been recently developed for the formation of quinazoline moiety. In this review article, the
synthetic methods of quinazoline derivatives are classified based on metal-catalysed and miscellaneous synthetic
aspects.
O-substituted Tertiary Amine-chitosans as Promising Nanocarriers for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Martinez Júnior André Miguel , de Oliveira Vera Aparecida , Tiera Marcio José
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The clinical translation of chitosan-based formulations for siRNA delivery
has been partially limited by their poor stability/solubility at physiological conditions, although they
have good biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness.

Method:

In this study, the chitosan was O-substituted with diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) groups,
which improved its solubility at pH 7.4 by increasing the degree of ionization and enhanced the
ability of chitosan to load siRNA at very low amine/phosphate (N/P) ratios. The O-DIPEAchitosan/
siRNA nanopolyplexes were self-assembled by complexation and presented positive Zeta
potentials (ζ = +8 to +10 mV), spherical-like morphology, 200-300 nm size, low polydispersity index
(PDI < 0.2), and were able to protect the siRNA from degradation by RNAse. Also, the resistance
to albumin-induced disassembly and aggregation revealed both good structural and colloidal
stabilities of the siRNA nanopolyplexes.

Result:

The nanopolyplexes displayed low cytotoxicities in RAW 264.7 macrophages and were
successfully uptaken by both macrophages and HeLa cells achieving internalization efficiency
similar to Lipofectamine. A positive correlation was observed between the physicochemical properties
of the siRNA nanocarrier and its transfection efficiency.

Conclusion:

A knockdown of about 60-70% of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was reached
in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages treated with O-DIPEA-chitosan/siTNFα nanopolyplexes.
Overall, the results confirmed that O-DIPEA chitosans are promising carriers for
siRNA delivery.

conclusion:

Overall, the results confirmed that O-DIPEA chitosans are promising carriers for siRNA delivery.