bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retracted: HOXA3 promotes tumor growth of human colon cancer through activating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xianxiang , Liu Guangwei , Ding Lei , Jiang Tao , Shao Shihong , Gao Yuan , Lu Yun
Published: October 2017

Homeobox A3 (HOXA3), one of HOX transcription factors, regulates gene expression during embryonic development. HOXA3 expression has been reported to be associated with several cancers; however, its role in colon cancer and underlying mechanism are still unclear. The expression of HOXA3 in 232 paired of human colon tumor and adjacent non‐tumorous tissues were measured by qPCR. The relationship between HOXA3 expression and clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier survival curves analysis. Human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HTC116 were transfected with HOXA3 siRNA, or HOXA3 expressing vector, and then cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Moreover, HOXA3‐overexpressing and HOXA3‐suppressing HT29 cells were subcutaneous injected into nod mice to confirm the regulation of HOXA3 on EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in regulating tumor growth. HOXA3 was upregulated in colon tumor tissues and cell lines, and upregulated expression of HOXA3 was associated with low survival rate. Knockdown of HOXA3 suppressed cell viability and clone formation, while induced cell apoptosis. HOXA3 knockdown could not induce the increase of cell apoptosis on the condition of EGFR overexpression. In vivo xenograft studies, HOXA3‐suppressing cells showed less tumorigenic. Moreover, HOXA3 knockdown suppressed the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. To conclude, this study indicated that HOXA3 might act as a promoter of human colon cancer formation by regulating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. HOXA3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐381‐induced down‐regulation of CXCR4 promotes the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells in rat models of renal ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Zheng Gui‐Hong , Wen Xin , Wang Yong‐Jian , Han Xin‐Rui , Shan Qun , Li Wang , Zhao Tian , Wu Dong‐Mei , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐Lin
Published: October 2017

This study aims to explore whether microRNA‐381 (miR‐381) mediating CXCR4 affects the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) of renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Forty‐eight rats were assigned into the I/R (n = 24, successfully established as I/R model) and sham (n = 24) groups. After collecting kidney tissues, immunohistochemistry, and microvascular density (MVD) counting were conducted for CXCR4 positive expression and MVD numbers. RTECs were assigned into the sham, blank, negative control (NC), miR‐381 mimics, miR‐381 inhibitor, si‐CXCR4, and miR‐381 inhibitor + si‐CXCR4 groups. RT‐qPCR and Western blotting were performed for relative expressions in tissues and cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results showed that compared with the sham group, positive expression of CXCR4 and MVD number were higher in the I/R group, which exhibited decreased miR‐381 and increased expression of CXCR4, stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1α) and Tie‐2. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that CXCR4 is a target gene of miR‐381. MiR‐381 expression was lower in the miR‐381 inhibitor + si‐CXCR4 and miR‐381 inhibitor groups and higher in the miR‐381 mimics group than the blank and NC groups. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the miR‐381 mimics and si‐CXCR4 groups exhibited higher cell proliferation but lower cell apoptosis and expression of CXCR4, SDF1, VEGF, HIF‐1α, and Tie‐2, whereas the miR‐381 inhibitor group exhibited the opposite trend. In conclusion, miR‐381 may promote RTEC proliferation in rats with renal I/R injury by down‐regulating CXCR4.
Lipase production by solid‐state fermentation of olive pomace in tray‐type and pressurized bioreactors
Authors: Oliveira Felisbela , Salgado José Manuel , Pérez‐Rodríguez Noelia , Domínguez José Manuel , Venâncio Armando , Belo Isabel
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Bioreactor type, sterilization and specific operational conditions are key factors for the scale‐up of solid‐state fermentation (SSF). This work deals with the lipase production by SSF of olive pomace (OP) in traditional tray‐type and pressurized bioreactors. Important aspects of SSF in bioreactors were studied, such as the need for sterilization and moisture content (MC) control.

RESULTS

At larger scale, there was no significant difference in lipase production between sterilized and unsterilized substrates, but MC control had significant impact. The production of lipase in a pressurized bioreactor, under air absolute pressure of 200 kPa and 400 kPa, was 2‐fold higher than in a tray‐type bioreactor using the same amount of substrate (500 g) and the same bed height. The protein content of substrate increased from 10 to 18% (w/w) after SSF and the fermented solid presented an antioxidant activity of 10 mmol Trolox kg‐1.

CONCLUSIONS

SSF in a pressurized bioreactor enabled efficient production of lipase with higher substrate bed height in contrast to that in a tray‐type bioreactor. The improvement in nutritional value of the substrate by SSF indicates its potential applicability in animal feed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
One‐pot, Three‐component Synthesis of a New Series of 2‐Amino‐4‐aroyl‐5‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐3‐carbonitrile in the Presence of SBA‐15 as a Nanocatalyst
Authors: Khalafy Jabbar , Arlan Fatemeh Majidi , Chalanchi Shahin Soleimani
Published: October 2017

One‐pot, three‐component reaction of arylglyoxals, malononitrile and 4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one in the presence of SBA‐15 as a nanocatalyst and using green solvent systems under various temperatures afforded the 2‐amino‐4‐aroyl‐5‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives. The best yield (70‐96%) were obtained using 20% mol of SBA‐15 as a nanocatalyst in H2O/EtOH (1:1) at 80 °C. The simplicity of work up procedure, using green solvent system, and good to excellent yields of products are the main advantages of this synthetic strategy.
Creative Mindsets and Their Affective and Social Consequences: A Latent Class Approach
Authors: Puente‐Diaz Rogelio , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith
Published: October 2017

In two studies, we tested the conceptualization of creative mindsets as latent classes, and examined several social and affective consequences of class membership. Business students completed a battery of questionnaires assessing creative personal identity, creative mindsets, social comparisons, pride, gratitude, anger, and sadness. Results from study 1 showed the presence of four latent classes: those holding low levels of both mindsets, those holding high levels of both mindsets, those holding high levels of a growth and low levels of a fixed mindset, and those holding medium levels of a growth and relative high levels of a fixed mindset. The latent class with low levels of both mindsets, growth and fixed, showed the lowest levels of creative personal identity. The latent class characterized by holding high levels of a fixed and growth mindset reported the highest tendency to use social comparison as a way of judging the quality of business ideas. Results from study 2 showed a similar four‐class solution. The low fixed and low growth creative mindset class showed the lowest levels of creative personal identity, higher levels of sadness and lower levels of pride and gratitude than some of the other classes.
Reconstruction of extensive thoracic wall defect using the external oblique myocutaneous flap: An analysis on 20 Chinese patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Wang Chun‐meng , Zhang Ruming , Luo Peng , Wu Zhiqiang , Zheng Biqiang , Chen Yong , Shi Yingqiang
Published: October 2017

Background

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare neoplasms that can occur in the thoracic wall, abdominal wall, extremities, and inguinal region. Wide local resection, with precise histological margin control, results in large skin defects that are challenging to close. Various repair procedures, such as vertical rectus abdominis flaps (VRAM), latissimus dorsi flaps, and tensor fascia lata (TFL) flaps are used to cover broad thoracic wall defects. Although the cosmetic reconstruction results of using these flaps are often excellent, each has significant drawbacks. The external oblique musculocutaneous flap is a simple and safe surgical procedure for covering thoracic wall defects.

Objective

This study aimed to retrospectively assess the safety and technique of using the external oblique musculocutaneous flap to cover large thoracic wall defects after radical excision of locally advanced sarcomas in 20 patients at a single institution.

Method

From January 2006 to December 2016, 20 Chinese patients with large advanced sarcomas on their trunks received wide local resection, with precise histological negative margins. The external oblique musculocutaneous flap, mobilized from the ipsilateral abdominal wall, was harvested to cover broad thoracic wall defects.

Results

Among the 20 sarcoma patients (12 females and 8 males, ranging in age from 25 to 73 years), there were five patients with primary tumors and 15 patients with recurrent tumors. The median tumor diameter was approximately 15.3 cm. After excising the lesion, the median time to cover the defect with the external oblique myocutaneous flap was 66 min. The average blood loss when harvesting the flap was approximately 48 mL. For the 20 patients in our cohort, the external oblique flap achieved closure of defects measuring an average area of 256 cm2. No other flaps or reconstruction techniques were used to cover the large defects in this study. There were no deaths directly related to the flap reconstruction procedures.

Conclusion

The external oblique musculocutaneous flap was a safe and reliable method of covering broad thoracic wall defects after radical tumor excision.
Online hyphenation of extraction, Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography: A highly efficient strategy for the preparative separation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata in a single step
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Qi , Wang Shan‐Shan , Han Chao , Xu Jin‐Fang , Luo Jian‐Guang , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: October 2017

A novel isolation strategy, online hyphenation of ultrasonic extraction, Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography combined with high‐speed countercurrent chromatography, was developed for pure compounds extraction and purification. Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata was achieved only in a single step purification protocol via the present strategy. The crude powder was ultrasonic extracted and extraction was pumped into Sephadex LH‐20 column directly to cut the nontarget fractions followed by the second‐dimensional high‐speed countercurrent chromatography, hyphenated by a six‐port valve equipped at the post‐end of Sephadex LH‐20 column, for the final purification. The results yielded andrographolide with the amount of 1.02 mg and a purity of 98.5% in a single step, indicating that the present method is effective to harvest target compound from medicinal plant.
“One Scar Too Many:” The Associations Between Traumatic Events and Psychological Distress Among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Garcini Luz M. , Peña Juan M. , Gutierrez Angela P. , Fagundes Christopher P. , Lemus Hector , Lindsay Suzanne , Klonoff Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2017

Undocumented immigration often presents with multiple stressors and contextual challenges, which may diminish mental health. This study is the first to provide population‐based estimates for the prevalence of traumatic events and its association to clinically significant psychological distress among undocumented Mexican immigrants in the United States. This cross‐sectional study used respondent‐driven sampling to obtain and analyze data from clinical interviews with 248 undocumented Mexican immigrants residing in high‐risk neighborhoods near the California‐Mexico border. Overall, 82.7% of participants reported a history of traumatic events, with 47.0% of these meeting the criteria for clinically significant psychological distress. After controlling for relevant covariates, having experienced material deprivation, odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% CI [1.18, 4.31], p = .013, and bodily injury, OR = 2.96, 95% CI [1.50, 5.83], p = .002, and not having a history of deportation, OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.17, 0.79], p = .011, were associated with clinically significant psychological distress. These results support the need to revisit health and immigration policies and to devise solutions grounded in empirical evidence aimed at preventing the negative effects of trauma and psychological distress in this population.
Coping Strategies as Moderators of the Association Between Combat Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Britt Thomas W. , Adler Amy B. , Sawhney Gargi , Bliese Paul D.
Published: October 2017

The present research examined selected coping strategies as moderators of the relationship between combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among service members who were deployed to Iraq (N = 2,023) and Afghanistan (N = 1,023). A three‐factor model of coping was confirmed for both military operations: positive emotion‐focused, self‐blame, and prayer/spirituality. Positive emotion‐focused coping was inversely associated with PTSD symptoms (r = −.14) and buffered service members from the negative effects of combat exposure in both Iraq (r2 = .01) and Afghanistan (r2 = .02). Self‐blame coping was positively associated with PTSD symptoms in both samples (Iraq, r = .36; Afghanistan, r = .29) but only magnified the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms among service members in Iraq (r2 = .01) . These findings were replicated when controlling for unit cohesion and symptoms of depression. Prayer/spirituality coping was not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, regardless of combat exposure. Discussion focuses on how specific positive emotion‐focused coping strategies may be helpful for military personnel in combat operations given the uncontrollable and chaotic nature of the environment. Implications include providing training for deploying personnel that covers the use of these positive emotion‐focused coping strategies and the potential problems with self‐blame. Such training may also be suitable for other high‐risk occupations in which employees face uncontrollable situations.
Semi‐arid grassland bird responses to patch‐burn grazing and drought
Authors: Skagen Susan K. , Augustine David J. , Derner Justin D.
Published: October 2017

As grassland birds of central North America experience steep population declines with changes in land use, management of remaining tracts becomes increasingly important for population viability. The integrated use of fire and grazing may enhance vegetation heterogeneity and diversity in breeding birds, but the subsequent effects on reproduction are unknown. We examined the influence of patch‐burn grazing management in shortgrass steppe in eastern Colorado on habitat use and reproductive success of 3 grassland bird species, horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), lark bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys), and McCown's longspur (Rhynchophanes mccownii), at several spatial scales during 2011 and 2012. Although no simple direct relationship to patch‐burn grazing treatment existed, habitat selection depended on precipitation‐ and management‐induced vegetation conditions and spatial scale. All species selected taller‐than‐expected vegetation at the nest site, whereas at the territory scale, horned larks and McCown's longspurs selected areas with low vegetation height and sparse cover of tall plants (taller than the dominant shortgrasses). Buntings nested primarily in unburned grassland under average rainfall. Larks and longspurs shifted activity from patch burns during average precipitation (2011) to unburned pastures during drought (2012). Daily survival rate (DSR) of nests varied with time in season, species, weather, and vegetation structure. Daily survival rate of McCown's longspur nests did not vary with foliar cover of relatively tall vegetation at the nest under average precipitation but declined with increasing cover during drought. At the 200‐m scale, increasing cover of shortgrasses, rather than taller plant species, improved DSR of larks and longspurs. These birds experience tradeoffs in the selection of habitat at different spatial scales: tall structure at nests may reduce visual detection by predators and provide protection from sun, wind, and rain, yet taller structure surrounding territories may host nest predators. Patch‐burn grazing management in combination with other strategies that retain taller‐structured vegetation may help sustain a diversity of breeding habitats for shortgrass birds under varying weather conditions. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long‐term trends in fall age ratios of black brant
Authors: Ward David H. , Amundson Courtney L. , Stehn Robert A. , Dau Christian P.
Published: October 2017

Accurate estimates of the age composition of populations can inform past reproductive success and future population trajectories. We examined fall age ratios (juveniles:total birds) of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans; brant) staging at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge near the tip of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, USA, 1963 to 2015. We also investigated variation in fall age ratios associated with sampling location, an index of flock size, survey effort, day of season, observer, survey platform (boat‐ or land‐based) and tide stage. We analyzed data using logistic regression models implemented in a Bayesian framework. Mean predicted fall age ratio controlling for survey effort, day of year, and temporal and spatial variation was 0.24 (95% CL = 0.23, 0.25). Overall trend in age ratios was −0.6% per year (95% CL = −1.3%, 0.2%), resulting in an approximate 26% decline in the proportion of juveniles over the study period. We found evidence for variation across a range of variables implying that juveniles are not randomly distributed in space and time within Izembek Lagoon. Age ratios varied by location within the study area and were highly variable among years. They decreased with the number of birds aged (an index of flock size) and increased throughout September before leveling off in early October and declining in late October. Age ratios were similar among tide stages and observers and were lower during boat‐based (offshore) than land‐based (nearshore) surveys. Our results indicate surveys should be conducted annually during early to mid‐October to ensure the entire population is present and available for sampling, and throughout Izembek Lagoon to account for spatiotemporal variation in age ratios. Sampling should include a wide range of flock sizes representative of their distribution and occur in flocks located near and off shore. Further research evaluating the cause of declining age ratios in the fall population is necessary to inform management and predict long‐term population dynamics of brant. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Novel genetic variants in the P38MAPK pathway gene ZAK and susceptibility to lung cancer
Authors: Feng Yun , Wang Yanru , Liu Hongliang , Liu Zhensheng , Mills Coleman , Owzar Kouros , Xie Jichun , Han Younghun , Qian David C. , Hung RJ Rayjean J. , Brhane Yonathan , McLaughlin John , Brennan Paul , Bickeböller Heike , Rosenberger Albert , Houlston Richard S. , Caporaso Neil , Landi Maria Teresa , Brüske Irene , Risch Angela , Ye Yuanqing , Wu Xifeng , Christiani David C. , Amos Christopher I. , Wei Qingyi
Published: October 2017

The P38MAPK pathway participates in regulating cell cycle, inflammation, development, cell death, cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Genetic variants of some genes in the P38MAPK pathway are reportedly associated with lung cancer risk. To substantiate this finding, we used six genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) to comprehensively investigate the associations of 14 904 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 108 genes of this pathway with lung cancer risk. We identified six significant lung cancer risk‐associated SNPs in two genes (CSNK2B and ZAK) after correction for multiple comparisons by a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.20. After removal of three CSNK2B SNPs that are located in the same locus previously reported by GWAS, we performed the LD analysis and found that rs3769201 and rs7604288 were in high LD. We then chose two independent representative SNPs of rs3769201 and rs722864 in ZAK for further analysis. We also expanded the analysis by including these two SNPs from additional GWAS datasets of Harvard University (984 cases and 970 controls) and deCODE (1319 cases and 26 380 controls). The overall effects of these two SNPs were assessed using all eight GWAS datasets (OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.89‐0.95, and P = 1.03 × 10−5 for rs3769201; OR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.88‐0.95, and P = 2.03 × 10−6 for rs722864). Finally, we performed an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and found that these two SNPs were significantly associated with ZAK mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines. In conclusion, the ZAK rs3769201 and rs722864 may be functional susceptibility loci for lung cancer risk.
Antitumor activity of Lepidium latifolium and identification of the epithionitrile 1‐cyano‐2,3‐epithiopropane as its major active component
Authors: Conde‐Rioll María , Gajate Consuelo , Fernández José J. , Villa‐Pulgarin Janny A. , Napolitano José G. , Norte Manuel , Mollinedo Faustino
Published: October 2017

Consumption of Brassica (Cruciferae) vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of cancer, but identification of the active components and insights into the underlying molecular events are scarce. Here we found that an extract of Lepidium latifolium, a cruciferous plant native to southern Europe, Mediterranean countries and Asia, showed in vitro cytotoxic activity, inducing caspase‐dependent apoptosis, in a variety of human tumor cells, and the plant juice showed in vivo antitumor activity in a HT‐29 human colon cancer xenograft mouse model. The epithionitrile 1‐cyano‐2,3‐epithiopropane (CETP) was identified as the major active cancer cell‐killing principle of L. latifolium. Synthetic and plant‐derived CETP displayed similar proapoptotic activities as assessed by biochemical and morphological analyses. Analysis of the antiproliferative capacity of CETP on a wide number of cancer cell lines from the NCI‐60 cell line panel followed by COMPARE analysis, showed an activity profile different from known anticancer agents. Flow cytometry and biochemical analyses revealed that CETP‐induced apoptosis involved mitochondria, as assessed by loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species, while overexpression of Bcl‐XL and Bcl‐2 prevented CETP‐induced apoptosis. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by glutathione and N‐acetyl cysteine reduced the apoptotic response induced by CETP. FADD dominant negative form, blocking Fas/CD95 signaling, and a specific caspase‐8 inhibitor also inhibited CETP‐induced killing. Taken together, our data suggest that the cancer cell‐killing action of CETP, involving both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways, underlies the antitumor activity of L. latifolium plant, which could be of potential interest in cancer treatment.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Gene Mutation in Isolated Segmental Dystonia Without Ataxia and Telangiectasia
Authors: Necpál Ján , Zech Michael , Škorvánek Matej , Havránková Petra , Fečíková Anna , Winkelmann Juliane , Jech Robert
Published: October 2017

View Supplementary Video 1
Technical Note: Evaluation of an iterative reconstruction algorithm for optical CT radiation dosimetry
Authors: Dekker Kurtis H. , Battista Jerry J. , Jordan Kevin J.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Iterative CT reconstruction algorithms are gaining popularity as GPU‐based computation becomes more accessible. These algorithms are desirable in x‐ray CT for their ability to achieve similar image quality at a fraction of the dose required for standard filtered backprojection reconstructions. In optical CT dosimetry, the noise reduction capability of such algorithms is similarly desirable because noise has a detrimental effect on the precision of dosimetric analysis, and can create misleading test results. In this study, we evaluate an iterative CT reconstruction algorithm for gel dosimetry, with special attention to the challenging dosimetry of small fields.

Methods

An existing ordered subsets convex algorithm using total variation minimization regularization (OSC‐TV) was implemented. Three datasets, which represent the extreme cases of gel dosimetry, were examined: a large, 15 cm diameter uniform phantom, a 1.35 cm diameter finger phantom, and a 15 cm gel dosimeter irradiated with 3 × 3, 2 × 2, 1 × 1, and 0.6 × 0.6 cm fields. These were scanned on an in‐house scanning laser system, and reconstructed with both filtered backprojection and OSC‐TV with a range of regularization constants. The contrast to artifact + noise ratio (CANR) and penumbra width measurements (80% to 20% and 95% to 5% distances) were used to compare reconstructions.

Results

Our results showed that OSC‐TV can achieve 3–5× improvement in contrast to artifact + noise ratio compared to filtered backprojection, while preserving the shape of steep dose gradients. For very small objects (≤ 0.6 × 0.6 cm fields in a 16 × 16 cm field of view), the mean value in the center of the object can be suppressed if the regularization constant is improperly set, which must be avoided.

Conclusions

Overall, the results indicate that OSC‐TV is a suitable reconstruction algorithm for gel dosimetry, provided care is taken in setting the regularization parameter when reconstructing objects that are small compared to the scanner field of view.
Bearing capacity of foundations on rock mass using the method of characteristics
Authors: Keshavarz Amin , Kumar Jyant
Published: October 2017

The method of stress characteristics has been used for computing the ultimate bearing capacity of strip and circular footings placed on rock mass. The modified Hoek‐and‐Brown failure criterion has been used. Both smooth and rough footing‐rock interfaces have been modeled. The bearing capacity has been expressed in terms of nondimensional factors Nσ0 and Nσ, corresponding to rock mass with (1) γ = 0 and (2) γ ≠ 0, respectively. The numerical results have been presented as a function of different input parameters needed to define the Hoek‐and‐Brown criterion. Slip line patterns and the pressure distribution along the footing base have also been examined. The results are found to compare generally well with the reported solutions.
Multiple resistance to glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in Italian ryegrass populations from California: confirmation and mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Tehranchian Parsa , Nandula Vijay , Jugulam Mithila , Putta Karthik , Jasieniuk Marie
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Glyphosate, paraquat and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides are widely used in California annual and perennial cropping systems. Recently, glyphosate, paraquat, and ACCase‐ and acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibitor resistance was confirmed in several Italian ryegrass populations from the Central Valley of California. This research characterized the possible mechanisms of resistance.

RESULTS

Multiple‐resistant populations (MR1, MR2) are resistant to several herbicides from at least three modes of action. Dose–response experiments revealed that the MR1 population was 45.9‐, 122.7‐ and 20.5‐fold, and the MR2 population was 24.8‐, 93.9‐ and 4.0‐fold less susceptible to glyphosate, sethoxydim and paraquat, respectively, than the susceptible (Sus) population. Accumulation of shikimate in Sus plants was significantly greater than in MR plants 32 h after light pretreatments. Glyphosate resistance in MR plants was at least partially due to Pro106‐to‐Ala and Pro106‐to‐Thr substitutions at site 106 of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS). EPSPS gene copy number and expression level were similar in plants from the Sus and MR populations. An Ile1781‐to‐Leu substitution in ACCase gene of MR plants conferred a high level of resistance to sethoxydim and cross‐resistance to other ACCase‐inhibitors. Radiolabeled herbicide studies and phosphorimaging indicated that MR plants had restricted translocation of 14C‐paraquat to untreated leaves compared to Sus plants.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that multiple herbicide resistance in Italian ryegrass populations in California, USA, is due to both target‐site and non‐target‐site resistance mechanisms. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Theorising new European youth mobilities
Authors: King Russell
Published: October 2017

This paper's objective is to offer a range of appropriate theoretical formulations to better understand the unfolding dynamics and characteristics of new European youth migrations. After an extensive contextual introduction that sets the recent historical, institutional, and economic scene, the paper presents and critically evaluates the usefulness of five theoretical frameworks: (a) neoliberal “Single Market” economics and free movement of persons and labour; (b) the renewed relevance of the core–periphery model of spatial economic structure and resultant migration flows; (c) “liquid migration” and its defining ethos of “intentional unpredictability”; (d) the intersection of migration with “youth transitions”; and (e) the “lifestyle migration” approach.
PXR mediated induction of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and P‐gp by Mitragyna speciosa and its alkaloids
Authors: Manda Vamshi K. , Avula Bharathi , Dale Olivia R. , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Ikhlas A. , Walker Larry A. , Khan Shabana I.
Published: October 2017

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a native herb of Southeast Asia, is widely known for its psychoactive properties. Recent increase in the use of kratom as a recreational drug has increased the risk of its interaction with conventional drugs if taken concomitantly. A few reports are available related to the effects of kratom on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), but there are no reports of its effects on pregnane X receptor (PXR), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of CYPs and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of a methanolic extract of kratom leaves, an alkaloid rich fraction and its 5 indole and 4 oxindole alkaloids on PXR activation and the resulting changes in the mRNA expression of PXR target genes (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and P‐gp). A significant activation of PXR was observed by the extract (3‐fold), alkaloidal fraction (4‐fold) and all 9 alkaloids (4‐ to 6‐fold) that was associated with an increased mRNA expression which resulted into an increase in the activity of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and P‐gp. These results indicate that high consumption of Mitragyna speciosa extract along with the conventional drugs may lead to potential herb–drug interactions due to its effects on PXR.
Protective effect of Salvianolic acid A on ischaemia‐reperfusion acute kidney injury in rats through protecting against peritubular capillary endothelium damages
Authors: Zhang Zuokai , Qi Dong , Wang Xuekai , Gao Zhenfang , Li Peng , Liu Wenbo , Tian Xiao , Liu Yue , Yang Mingyan , Liu Ke , Fan Huaying
Published: October 2017

Renal ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Peritubular capillary (PTC) endothelium damages are an important pathogenesis during I/R AKI. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) possesses various pharmacological activities. The study investigated whether SAA ameliorated I/R AKI through protecting against PTC endothelium damages. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: control, sham, I/R, and I/R plus SAA (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) groups. Rats were subjected to bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 60 min, and killed at 24 hr after reperfusion. Kidney injury, PTC endothelium damages and factors affecting PTC endothelium were evaluated. SAA significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, and reduced urine kidney injury molecule‐1 concentration. Simultaneously, SAA alleviated histological damages, prevented PTC endothelium damages, preserved the density of PTC and improved renal hypoxia. Furthermore, SAA inhibited platelet activation, elevated Klotho protein expression and up‐regulated vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. Overall, SAA has protective effects on AKI induced by I/R. Preventing PTC endothelium damages and preserving PTC integrity to improve the renal hypoxia may be the ways for SAA to ameliorate AKI. All these indicate that SAA is likely to be a promising agent for AKI.
The role of heating and cooling associated with ice processes on tropical cyclogenesis and intensification
Authors: Kilroy Gerard , Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T.
Published: October 2017

A recent idealized numerical study of tropical cyclogenesis and subsequent intensification using warm‐rain‐only microphysics is extended to examine the modifications brought about by a representation of ice processes. It is found that the time taken to reach cyclogenesis is more than twice that in the equivalent warm‐rain‐only simulation. The subtle reasons for the difference in the length of the gestation period are discussed. A mid‐level vortex forms during the early gestation period when ice processes are present, but not when warm‐rain‐only processes are present. Axisymmetric balance calculations show that the spin‐up of this mid‐level vortex is related to the different spatial distribution of diabatic heating rate in the presence of ice, which leads to a system‐scale radial influx of absolute vorticity in the middle troposphere. The tropical‐cyclone vortex that forms in the simulation with ice is similar to that in the warm‐rain‐only simulation, with the strengthening frictional boundary layer exerting a progressively important role in focusing inner‐core deep convection. This vortex develops in situ on a much smaller scale than the mid‐level vortex and there is no evidence that it is a result of the mid‐level vortex being somehow carried downwards, as has been suggested previously by some researchers. Some implications of the results in relation to previous theories of tropical cyclogenesis are discussed.
New CEOs and their collaborators: Divergence and convergence between the strategic leadership constellation and the top management team
Authors: Ma Shenghui , Seidl David
Published: October 2017

Research Summary: An important challenge that new CEOs face is establishing a group of immediate collaborators, which we call the “strategic leadership constellation.” Drawing on a comparative case study, we show that due to constraints on the CEO to change the top management team (TMT), the composition of the strategic leadership constellation initially tends to differ from that of the TMT: in some cases, it consists of a subgroup of the TMT; in others, it also comprises individuals outside the TMT such as staff members or lower‐level managers. We show that the discrepancies between the strategic leadership constellation and the TMT lead to tensions that trigger a process of convergence between these two bodies, particularly as the constraints on TMT change decrease and the CEO's needs evolve.

Managerial Summary: A major challenge that new CEOs face is establishing a group of close collaborators, which we call the “strategic leadership constellation.” Our study shows that due to different constraints on changing the executive team, the composition of the strategic leadership constellation initially tends to differ from that of the executive team: in some cases, it consists of a subgroup of the executive team; in others, it also comprises individuals outside the executive team, such as staff members or lower‐level managers. We show that the discrepancies between the strategic leadership constellation and the executive team lead to tensions that trigger a process of convergence between these two bodies, particularly as the constraints on changing the executive team decrease and the CEO's needs evolve.
Synthesis of Hybrid Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Less Hazardous Solvents: Methanol and 1,4‐Dioxane
Authors: Greul Enrico , Docampo Pablo , Bein Thomas
Published: October 2017

The toxicity of lead and the solvents utilized during the synthesis of hybrid halide perovskite films are potential obstacles for widespread applications of solar cell technology based on these materials. Alternatives such as those based on lead‐free Sn‐based devices often suffer from poor film morphologies, thus precluding competitive device efficiencies. Herein, we demonstrate a new one‐step route deploying mixtures of the less hazardous methanol and 1,4‐dioxane for preparing high‐quality methylammonium tin iodide films. We propose that the fast evaporation of these solvents is a key factor for film formation and show that the solvent ratio is essential to obtain phase pure, high‐quality films. This leads to devices, which outperform those prepared by conventional routes, likely due to a decreased defect density as confirmed with time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements. Our results provide a further step towards non‐hazardous synthesis routes for Sn‐based optoelectronic devices.
Control of nonlinear shock waves propagation for isothermal Euler equations
Authors: Porubov Alexey , Bondarenkov Roman , Bouche Daniel , Fradkov Alexander
Published: October 2017

The feedback control algorithm is applied to provide stable propagation of the shock waves for nonlinear isothermal Euler equations even if the desired profile and velocity of the wave do not correspond to their analytical solution. Also the control algorithm helps to suppress scheme oscillations on the shock wave solutions, this is studied on an example of the Lax‐Wendroff second‐order scheme.
Experiments in Life-Writing: Introduction
Authors: Novak Julia
Published: October 2017

The introduction outlines how writers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have extended the range of the biographical through formal innovations commonly associated with the fictional mode. It discusses the centrality of the fact/fiction dichotomy for an understanding of experimentation with auto/biographical form and its ethical implications. Distinguishing between experiments that negate and those that expand the premises of auto/biography, it surveys a range of generic terms from the field of life-writing research and examines the textual levels on which experiments have been conducted in modern auto/biographical narratives, also addressing the historicity of auto/biographical experimentation. The introduction concludes by outlining the individual chapters in the collection.
Impact of Interhospital Transfer on Outcomes in Non‐emergency Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Sharp Stephen P. , Schuster Daniel J. , Ata Ashar , Valerian Brian T. , Canete Jonathan J. , Chismark A. David , Lee Edward C.
Published: October 2017

Background

A paucity of data exists on the impact of transfer status on outcomes for patients undergoing non‐emergency (urgent) colorectal surgery. This study characterized transferred patients undergoing urgent colorectal surgery and determined which patient comorbidities significantly contributed to poor outcomes.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2013 was used. Urgent direct admissions undergoing colon, rectum, or small bowel operations were compared to urgent transfers using bivariate and multivariable analysis models. Primary outcomes were overall complications, hospital length of stay, and mortality.

Results

A total of 82,151 admissions were analyzed. After multivariable analysis, direct admission patients had nearly similar risk of complications (RR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99) and length of hospital stay (7% shorter; 95% CI 4–9%), as well as no difference in mortality (RR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.80–1.11).

Conclusions

Transfer status alone confers minimal risk toward higher complication rates and longer hospital length of stay in patients undergoing urgent colorectal surgery, and the poor outcomes observed in this cohort are largely due to patient comorbidities and disease severity. Our results suggest that outcomes in transferred colorectal surgery patients undergoing urgent operations depend mainly on operative acuity and clinical factors, and to a lesser degree transfer status.
Translating Evidence Into Practice: How Advanced Practice RNs Can Guide Nurses in Challenging Established Practice to Arrive at Best Practice
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. , Matthews Candace
Published: October 2017

Nursing is an information‐intensive profession, requiring nurses to have high information literacy and the skills to find, understand, evaluate, and use information from a multitude of sources. The advanced practice RN (APRN) is a valuable resource to support and guide nurses in this effort. The APRN's skills encompass understanding and implementing evidence‐based practice, evaluating the organizational structure (eg, units, facilities, multisystem organizations) across the continuum of care, and facilitating collaboration between perioperative nurses and other interprofessional team members to sustain practice changes in the clinical setting. Perioperative APRNs play an important role as evidence‐based practice experts to assist with translating research and evidence into clinical practice for safe, quality care in the perioperative setting.
Clinical Issues—November 2017
Authors: Johnstone Esther M.
Published: October 2017

This Month

Heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems in the OR

Key words: airborne contaminants, HVAC system, air pressure, air quality, temperature and humidity.

Air changes and positive pressure

Key words: air changes, positive pressure airflow, unidirectional airflow, outdoor air, recirculated air.

Product selection

Key word: product evaluation, product selection, selection committee.

Entry into practice

Key words: associate degree in nursing, bachelor of science in nursing, entry‐level position, advanced education, BSN‐prepared RNs.

Mentoring in perioperative nursing

Key words: mentor, novice, practice improvement, nursing workforce.
CD209-336A/G promotor polymorphism and its clinical associations in sickle cell disease Egyptian Pediatric patients
Authors: Afifi Rasha Abdel-Raouf , Kamal Dina , Sayed Riham El. , Ekladious Sherif M.M. , Shaheen Gehan H. , Yousry Sherif M. , Hussein Rania Elsayed
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

To detect the frequency of CD209 A>G polymorphism in sickle cell disease (SCD) Egyptian patients and to evaluate the use of CD209 A>G polymorphism as a genetic predictor of SCD clinical heterogeneity.

Methods:

A total of 100 Egyptian children with SCD and 100 Egyptian controls were tested for CD209 A>G polymorphism and were followed up prospectively between June 2012 and December 2014.

Results:

Comparison of CD209 A>G polymorphism among cases and controls did not show statistically significant difference (p = .742). In addition, comparison of the allelic frequency did not show statistically significant difference (p = .738). Infections occurred more frequently among the heterozygous genotype (AG; 60.5%) and homozygous genotype (GG; 75%) patients than among the wild (AA) genotype (24.1%; p < .001). The use of hydroxyurea treatment was significantly higher among the wild (AA) genotype (47%) than the heterozygous (AG; 21%) and homozygous (GG; 5%) genotypes (p = .003).

Conclusion:

We found no significant difference between our population of Egyptian SCD cases and controls regarding CD209 A>G polymorphism. Infections occurred more frequently among the heterozygous genotype (AG) and homozygous genotype (GG) patients.
Association Between Marijuana Use and Sexual Frequency in the United States: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Sun Andrew J. , Eisenberg Michael L.
Published: October 2017

Background

Marijuana use is increasingly prevalent in the United States. Effects of marijuana use on sexual function are unclear, with contradictory reports of enhancement and detriment existing.

Aim

To elucidate whether a relation between marijuana use and sexual frequency exists using a nationally representative sample of reproductive-age men and women.

Methods

We analyzed data from cycle 6 (2002), cycle 7 (2006–2010), and continuous survey (2011–2015) administrations of the National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. We used a multivariable model, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropographic characteristics, to evaluate whether a relationship between marijuana use and sexual frequency exists.

Outcomes

Sexual frequency within the 4 weeks preceding survey administration related to marijuana use and frequency in the year preceding survey administration.

Results

The results of 28,176 women (average age = 29.9 years) and 22,943 men (average age = 29.5) were analyzed. More than 60% of men and women were Caucasian, and 76.1% of men and 80.4% of women reported at least a high school education. After adjustment, female monthly (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07–1.68, P = .012), weekly (IRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15–1.60, P < .001), and daily (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01–1.32, P = .035) marijuana users had significantly higher sexual frequency compared with never users. Male weekly (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.06–1.41, P = .006) and daily (IRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.21–1.53, P < .001) users had significantly higher sexual frequency compared with never users. An overall trend for men (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05–1.11, P < .001) and women (IRR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04–1.10, P < .001) was identified showing that higher marijuana use was associated with increased coital frequency.

Clinical Implications

Marijuana use is independently associated with increased sexual frequency and does not appear to impair sexual function.

Strengths and Limitations

Our study used a large well-controlled cohort and clearly defined end points to describe a novel association between marijuana use and sexual frequency. However, survey responses were self-reported and represent participants only at a specific point in time. Participants who did not answer questions related to marijuana use and sexual frequency were excluded.

Conclusion

A positive association between marijuana use and sexual frequency is seen in men and women across all demographic groups. Although reassuring, the effects of marijuana use on sexual function warrant further study.