bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeing the Whole Together Through Relational Mapping: A Method for Engaging in Complex Systems Change
Authors: Hajjar Lauren , Gittell Jody Hoffer , Stephens John Paul , Meier Ninna , Cutcher Gershenfeld Joel
Published: October 2024

Complex global challenges cut across organizational and sectoral boundaries, increasing calls for holistic responses. Seeing the whole across diverse stakeholders is challenging for participants in complex systems, yet doing so is essential for engaging effectively in systems change. A promising new method known as relational mapping, based on relational coordination theory, has been used to facilitate complex systems change. Here, we propose that relational mapping can be applied to help participants (1) see the whole in relation to the parts, (2) share their explicit and tacit knowledge, (3) engage in dialogue across distinct perspectives supported by the map as a boundary object, (4) reduce the impact of power differences, and (5) prepare to co-design interventions from multiple perspectives. This paper presents an illustrative case of relational mapping in the context of public administration in a South Carolina community engaging in complex systems change. Our analysis suggests a set of boundary conditions for the success of relational mapping, including the willingness of participants to seek integrative solutions to a conflict or problem and facilitation that is attentive to differential power and status among stakeholders. We conclude that relational mapping is a powerful, theoretically grounded method that enables the visual assessment of multi-level stakeholder relationships, preparing participants to engage in complex systems change and then present a template for use of relational mapping more broadly.
Siglec-15 expression in diffuse gliomas and its correlation with MRI morphologic features and apparent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Chen Quan , Wang Chunhua , Geng Yingqian , Zheng Wanyi , Chen Zhen , Jiang Rifeng , Hu Xiaomei
Published: October 2024

Background

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) enhances tumor immune escape and leads to tumor growth.

Purpose

To investigate the expression of Siglec-15 in diffuse gliomas and its correlation with tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.

Material and Methods

This study included 57 patients with gliomas. Morphological MRI features, including the largest tumor diameter, enhancement category, location, calcification, cysts, and hemorrhage, were visually rated. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated in tumor region. MRI morphologic features and ADC were compared between patients with positive and negative Siglec-15 expression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further constructed to assess the diagnostic performance.

Results

Siglec-15 was expressed in immunocytes, such as macrophages in the peritumoral area. Siglec-15 expression was positive in 20/57 (35.09%) patients, with higher expression in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas and lower grade gliomas. The tumor diameter was significantly smaller in patients with positive Siglec-15 expression than in those with negative expression for all patients ( P = 0.017) and for patients with IDH-mutant gliomas ( P = 0.020). Moreover, ADC values of the tumor were significantly higher in patients with positive Siglec-15 expression than in those with negative expression for all patients ( P = 0.027). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the diameter and ADC were 0.702 and 0.686, respectively. A combination of these two parameters generated an improved AUC of 0.762.

Conclusion

Siglec-15 was expressed in immunocytes such as macrophages in the peritumoral area, with a positive rate of 35.09%. Positive Siglec-15 expression in diffuse gliomas was correlated with smaller tumor size and higher ADC values.
Deep-learning reconstruction enhances image quality of Adamkiewicz Artery in low-keV dual-energy CT
Authors: Tatsugami Fuminari , Higaki Toru , Kawashita Ikuo , Fujioka Chikako , Nakamura Yuko , Takahashi Shinya , Awai Kazuo
Published: October 2024

Background

Low-keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) enhances iodine contrast for detecting small arteries like the Adamkiewicz artery (AKA), but image noise can be problematic. Deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) effectively reduces noise without sacrificing image quality.

Purpose

To evaluate whether DLIR on low-keV VMIs of dual-energy CT scans improves the visualization of the AKA.

Material and Methods

We enrolled 29 patients who underwent CT angiography before aortic repair. VMIs obtained at 70 and 40 keV were reconstructed using hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), and 40 keV VMIs were reconstructed using DLIR. The image noise of the spinal cord, the maximum CT values of the anterior spinal artery (ASA), and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the ASA were compared. The overall image quality and the delineation of the AKA were evaluated on a 4-point score (1 = poor, 4 = excellent).

Results

The mean image noise of the spinal cord was significantly lower on 40-keV DLIR than on 40-keV HIR scans; they were significantly higher than on 70-keV HIR images. The CNR of the ASA was highest on the 40-keV DLIR images among the three reconstruction images. The mean image quality scores for 40-keV DLIR and 70-keV HIR scans were comparable, and higher than of 40-keV HIR images. The mean delineation scores for 40-keV HIR and 40-keV DLIR scans were significantly higher than for 70-keV HIR images.

Conclusion

Visualization of the AKA was significantly better on low-keV VMIs subjected to DLIR than conventional HIR images.
Autoimmune encephalitis following treatment with durvalumab for small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Qian Yu-Lan , Jiang Ye , Gong Yin-Hua , Yu Jian-Kang , Liu Chao , Wu Wen-Ting , Shen Dan
Published: October 2024

The traditional treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been traditional systemic platinum-containing chemotherapy because the response rate is 50–90%. Durvalumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks the binding of programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Durvalumab combined with traditional chemotherapy agents has been recommended as the first-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC, but its use may cause immune-related adverse events. Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare and potentially fatal neurological adverse event. This current case report describes a male patient in his late 50s with ES-SCLC who developed autoimmune encephalitis associated with durvalumab treatment after three cycles of combination chemotherapy. This current case furthers the understanding of autoimmune encephalitis caused by durvalumab treatment.
Optimising the feeding system for improving pellet distribution levels in gas-based shaft furnace based on the improved analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Yue Qiang , Wang Qi , Dou Zhihe , Qiu Ziyang , Ji Wei
Published: October 2024

To improve the gas flow distribution inside the gas-based shaft furnace and ensure the chemical reaction, the discrete element method was used to calculate the effects of revolving chute inclination, particle size mass distribution, particle size distribution width, and hopper angle on the pellet distribution indicators (particle segregation, porosity, gas permeability and feeding time). An improved analytic hierarchy process was presented to fully analyse the nine schemes set up as part of the research. The findings demonstrated that the positive segregation of small particles at the furnace's centre and wall occurred with several feeding systems. The largest influences on porosity were differences in particle size mass distribution and particle size distribution width, and an increase in the proportion of small particles resulted in a significant decrease in porosity. The increase of the mass ratio of large particles made the highest permeability, but also caused uneven distribution of the furnace charge along the radial direction. The simulation results and the ranking of benefits and drawbacks produced by the improved analytic hierarchy process approach agree, demonstrating the applicability of the method to optimise the feeding system as well as its value in identifying the major influences on the feeding system.
Episode model: The functional approach to emotional experiences of music
Authors: Eerola Tuomas , Kirts Connor , Saarikallio Suvi
Published: October 2024

We present a novel framework for music and emotion research that addresses emotional experiences with music as functional episodes. This framework, called the Episode Model, places the situation and the function of the music for the individual at the centre of the experience and integrates acts of affective self-regulation to our understanding of music as emotional experiences. The model consists of a set of five common and functionally unique episodes of emotional experiences related to music, which are: (1) Enjoyment–Distraction–Relaxation (EDR), (2) Connection–Belonging (CB), (3) Focus–Motivation (FM), (4) Personal Emotional Processing (PEP), and (5) Aesthetic–Interest–Awe (AIA). Each episode type can be characterised by a distinct configuration of six descriptive schemes: (1) core affect and emotion qualia, (2) induction mechanisms, (3) listening modes and agency, (4) reward and exposure, (5) musical meanings, and (6) functional contexts. This framework of episodes and schemes places the functionality of emotions at the forefront of music and emotion research and explains how emotional experiences are situated and functionally constructed. In addition, we provide a set of assumptions and specific predictions to facilitate focussed empirical studies of emotional engagement with music.
High-frequency episodic migraine: Time for its recognition as a migraine subtype?
Authors: Cammarota Francescantonio , De Icco Roberto , Vaghi Gloria , Corrado Michele , Bighiani Federico , Martinelli Daniele , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Goadsby Peter J. , Tassorelli Cristina
Published: October 2024

Background

High-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) has gained attention in the field of headache research and clinical practice. In this narrative review, we analyzed the available literature to assess the evidence that could help decide whether HFEM may represent a distinct clinical and/or biological entity within the migraine spectrum.

Methods

The output of the literature search included 61 papers that were allocated to one of the following topics: (i) socio-demographic features and burden; (ii) clinical and therapeutic aspects; (iii) pathophysiology; and (iv) classification.

Results

Multiple features differentiate subjects with HFEM from low-frequency episodic migraine and from chronic migraine: education, employment rates, quality of life, disability and psychiatric comorbidities load. Some evidence also suggests that HFEM bears a specific profile of activation of cortical and spinal pain-related pathways, possibly related to maladaptive plasticity.

Conclusions

Subjects with HFEM bear a distinctive clinical and socio-demographic profile within the episodic migraine group, with a higher disease burden and an increased risk of transitioning to chronic migraine. Recognizing HFEM as a distinct entity is an opportunity for the better understanding of migraine and the spectrum of frequency with which it can manifest, as well as for stimulating further research and more adequate public health approaches.
The Integrated Care Team: A primary care based-approach to support older adults with complex health needs
Authors: Heckman George A. , Gimbel Sarah , Mensink Chantelle , Kroetsch Brittany , Jones Aaron , Nasim Anooshah , Northwood Melissa , Elliott Jacobi , Morrison Adam
Published: October 2024

Many older adults have complex needs and experience high rates of acute care use and institutionalization. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a specialized multidimensional interprofessional intervention to prevent such outcomes, but access to CGA in the community is limited. The Integrated Care Team (ICT) is a proactive case-finding intervention to support older adults with complex needs in primary care. The ICT provides nurse practitioner-led shared-care supported by a pharmacist, family physician, and geriatrician. Patients undergo a CGA, and a person-centred plan of care is implemented. We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of the ICT. Patients were 81 ± 9.2 years old, 71% were women. Patients had a high burden of dementia and multimorbidity and received 12.8 ± 5.8 prescriptions daily. The ICT improved prescribing and reduced emergency department visits by 49.5% ( P = 0.0001). Patients, care partners, and referring physicians reported high satisfaction with care. The ICT is currently being expanded to support additional primary care providers.
Residential Relocation of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Role of Physical Function and the Housing Environment
Authors: Jensen-Battaglia Marielle , Loh Kah Poh , Wang Ying , Block Robert C. , Mohile Supriya G. , Agree Emily M. , Seplaki Christopher L.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Most older adults in the United States (U.S.) prefer to remain in their current housing as they age, but difficulty with mobility (e.g., walking) may make this more challenging. We estimated the association between difficulty with mobility (mobility) and residential relocation in the following year.

Methods

We included adults aged ≥65 participating in ≥2 rounds (years 2011–2019) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Mobility was self-reported and change in permanent address was captured by study staff. We used a prospective cohort design and logistic regression with a clustering correction to estimate adjusted associations.

Results

We did not find evidence that mobility was associated with relocation versus no relocation in our sample of 26,444 observations from 5699 older adults. However, mobility was positively associated with moves to housing with fewer environmental barriers.

Discussion

Mobility is associated with relocation to housing that is more accessible and may be an indicator of greater need for supports to age in place.
Systemic lupus international collaborating clinics-2012 and European league against rheumatism/American college of rheumatology-2019 classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus associated with childhood-onset auto-immune cytopenia
Authors: Granel Jérôme , Fernandes Helder , Richer Olivier , Clet Johanna , Dubrasquet Mathilde , Pillet Pascal , Aladjidi Nathalie
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can be diagnosed using the 2012 criteria of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) and, more recently, the 2019 criteria of the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR). Hematological involvement is scored differently by these classifications. Our objective was to compare both criteria in a cohort of children with autoimmune cytopenia (AIC)-associated SLE.

Method

We included 79 patients with childhood-onset AIC as the first manifestations of SLE.

Results

The median age at SLE diagnosis was 14.5 years (1.1–21.4 years). The SLICC criteria were fulfilled by 76/79 (96%) patients and the EULAR/ACR criteria by 72/79 (91%) patients during follow-up. The SLICC and EULAR/ACR criteria were discordant (not concomitantly fulfilled) in 25/79 (32%) patients. Non-hematological clinical manifestations were more frequently observed in SLE diagnosis when the criteria were concordant (30/54, 56%) than when they were not (5/25, 20%) ( p = 0.004). In 16/25 (64%) discordant patients, the SLICC criteria allowed earlier diagnosis of SLE. Finally, the attribution of a maximum weight of 6 to the hematological involvement of the EULAR/ACR criteria increased the sensitivity thereof from 63/79 (80%) to 76/79 (96%) in our population.

Conclusion

The SLICC 2012 and EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria do not effectively diagnose SLE in children when AIC is the predominant feature. The SLICC criteria appear to be more effective in this population of SLE patients. An increase in the maximum weight of hematological involvement to 6 increases the sensitivity of the EULAR/ACR criteria for SLE diagnosis in children.
Exploration of Efficient HLA Haplotypes by Comparing the Proportion of Applicable Populations
Authors: Sunwoong Paeng , Rim Yeri Alice , Sohn Yeowon , Nam Yoojun , Ju Ji Hyeon
Published: October 2024

With the aging population, the incidence of degenerative diseases such as dementia and arthritis is on the rise. To combat these diseases, cell therapies using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are being developed worldwide. However, challenges such as high development costs and immune compatibility persist. Thus, methods such as generating patient-specific iPSCs or genetically edited iPSCs with deleted immune-related genes are being researched. Applying these approaches is limited due to high cost and safety concerns of gene editing. Therefore, we focused on an alternative method using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-homozygous cell lines, which could overcome immune rejection issues economically. We investigated diseases that could potentially be treated with cell therapy and identified which HLA-homozygous cell lines could be most effectively used for the efficient production of therapeutic cell lines. The results of the study showed that cell therapy could be applied to a wide range of diseases, and expanding the population that can benefit from HLA-homozygous iPSC lines could help popularize these treatment methods. We highlight the necessity of a global HLA-homozygous iPSC bank.
Educational needs of midwifery students in medical ethics: A qualitative study
Authors: Bayrami Roghieh , Ghasemzadeh Nazafarin , Montakhabi Oskuii Daniz
Published: October 2024

Background: Ethics education is a basic part of midwifery education program. However, there is no evidence to show that ethics education has been able to meet the educational needs of midwifery students. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the educational needs of students for ethics in midwifery program with a focus on the course of history, ethics, and rules of midwifery. Research design and participants: The present study is qualitative descriptive content analysis research, exploring midwifery students’ needs of ethics education in bachelor’s degrees. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 undergraduate midwifery students, seven midwives working in hospitals and health centers, and seven midwifery faculty members in Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method and invited to join the study from December 2021 to June 2022. The sampling continued until data saturation. Findings: Content analysis identified four categories and associated subcategories: 1. “The client’s rights”: respecting the dignity of clients, confidentiality, the client’s right to choose and make decisions; 2. “Legal and ethical requirements of fertility”: abortion, alternative treatment for infertility, domestic violence; 3. “Communication skills”: communication with the client, communication with clients’ caregivers and communication with colleagues; and 4. “ethical principles in research”: compliance with ethical principles in the research process and ethical principles in publishing research findings. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Before filling the questionnaires, written informed consent was obtained from the participants. The participants were assured of the confidentiality of personal information. Conclusion: The educational needs of midwifery students can be met by providing theoretical and practical training on respecting the pregnant mother, communication skills, legal and ethical aspects of the reproductive period, and incorporating ethical principles in related courses.
Ethical aspects of staff responses when older people with dementia express false beliefs
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Martínez Daniela
Published: October 2024

Background

Challenging false beliefs are common situations among people living with dementia. They frequently imply time-shifts, that is, situations in which the person re-lives past experiences. Since they have emotional implications and important ethical implications, they are difficult to manage by caregivers, who are faced with the decision of telling or not telling the truth.

Aims

The study aimed to explore professional staff’s perceptions of common and best practices to manage a situation in which a person living with dementia is having a false belief, specifically a time-shift. The study compares technical staff’s and assistant carers’ responses.

Participants and research context

Forty-two staff members working in four Spanish long-term care facilities were interviewed. 21 were assistant carers and 21 were technical staff.

Research design

This study involved a qualitative design, content-analyzing participant’s responses to semi-structured interviews. Participants read a vignette about a person living with dementia having a time-shift and were asked (1) how a situation like that is commonly managed and (2) how it should be managed.

Ethical considerations

The principles of informed consent, confidentiality, and assessment of consequences for participants were observed throughout the entire study, which was approved by the University of Barcelona Ethics Committee (IRB 00003099). Written participant’s consent was obtained prior to interviews.

Findings

All the participants mentioned having experienced a situation similar to that described in the vignette. In the case of common practices, lying was the most frequently mentioned strategy. As for best practices, lying and telling the truth were mentioned as well as responses that lie in-between, such as distracting or relaxing. However, most assistant carers reported that they do not know how a challenging false belief should be managed.

Conclusion

Our findings stress the importance of organizational guidelines and staff development in the management of challenging false beliefs (and specifically time-shifts) in PLWD.
Uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and osteoporosis: Evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Tang Yuchen , Sun Ying , Lei Miao , Cheng Minghuang , Pan Xiaohan , Hu Zhenming , Hao Jie
Published: October 2024

Background: The uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) has emerged as a novel indicator of inflammatory and metabolic status. This study aims to examine the association between UHR and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as the risk of osteoporosis, in individuals aged ≥50 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, focusing on participants aged ≥50 years. Femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models were employed to examine the association between UHR and FN-BMD. Additionally, generalised additive models were used to assess the nonlinear relationship between UHR and FN-BMD. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between UHR and the risk of osteoporosis. Results: Finally, the study included 2963 adults with a mean age of 64.16 ± 8.92 years. Linear regression analyses revealed a positive association between UHR and FN-BMD, regardless of covariate adjustments. Logistic regression analyses indicated that elevated UHR was associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis with or without covariate adjustments. Subgroup analyses revealed that the positive association between UHR and BMD was significant in individuals aged ≥65 years but not in those aged 50 to 64 years. Interaction analyses by age showed significant differences after adjusting for all covariates. Conclusions: Clinicians should be vigilant regarding the potential risk of osteoporosis in individuals with a low UHR. UHR might serve as a risk indicator for osteoporosis.
The role of gender in emotional reactions elicited by music: Autonomic reactivity, facial expression, and self-reports
Authors: Fuentes-Sánchez Nieves , García-Fernández Marta , Escrig Miguel A , Eerola Tuomas , Pastor M Carmen
Published: October 2024

Studies in the field of emotions have yielded mixed findings regarding differences between women’s and men’s emotional reactivity. In the majority, emotional scenes, facial expressions, and movies were used as stimuli. However, music has been less frequently used, despite its capacity to evoke strong emotional responses in the listeners. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of gender in emotional reactivity to music. A sample of 110 healthy participants (60 women) listened to 42 excerpts (14 pleasant, 14 neutral, 14 unpleasant) from the Film Music Stimulus Set (FMSS) for 8 s, while their autonomic reactivity and facial expression were continuously recorded. Participants then rated each excerpt on affective dimensions (hedonic valence, tension arousal, and energy arousal), discrete emotions (happiness, anger, fear, tenderness, and sadness), musical preference, and familiarity. Some differences were found between women’s and men’s reactivity to the stimuli, such that women showed a greater deceleration of heart rate while listening to both emotional (pleasant and unpleasant) and neutral music, and rated unpleasant excerpts as less preferred. Women also scored higher on trait anxiety compared to men. These results suggest that women may have heightened sensitivity to emotional stimuli, particularly unpleasant music, which could have implications for better understanding clinical pathologies that vary in prevalence based on gender.
The Role of the Public Health Nurse in Collaborative Efforts to Manage COVID-19 in a Rural Hispanic Population: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Young Susan E. , Duea Stephanie R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

While local health departments (LHDs) recognize the need to provide culturally congruent care to rural Hispanic populations, the COVID-19 pandemic tested their capacity to leverage available knowledge, skills, and resources to integrate effective transcultural collaborations to improve health outcomes.

Methodology:

Twelve semi-structured interviews of community leaders were conducted and interpreted using qualitative thematic analysis. The role of the LHD’s Public Health Nurse (PHN) in the pandemic response was examined using the Public Health Intervention Wheel (2019), specifically collaboration, coalition-building, and community organizing components.

Results:

The PHN directed the community response to the pandemic. Four pivotal themes emerged from the data: identifying gaps, forming alliances, putting boots on the ground, and moving forward.

Discussion:

The need to provide culturally congruent care to the Hispanic population required the development of transcultural knowledge through multi-faceted strategies. Sustaining relationships borne out of the pandemic is important to enhance community response to future disasters.
Study on the creep constitutive model of layered rockconsidering anisotropic and damage factors after hightemperature exposure
Authors: Meng Lubo , Zhang Shan , Li Tianbin , Liu Tianyi , Li Haoyu
Published: October 2024

The failure of layered rock after high temperature exposure is a major concern in deep underground engineering projects. This paper proposes an improved Nishihara creep constitutive model that considers damage factors and the bedding angle, which overcomes the shortcomings of the deviation in the description of the conventional Nishihara model in the acceleration stage. The constitutive model is verified by the conventional triaxial creepiest. The theoretical curve has a high degree of fitting with the experimental curve. The experimental results show that a temperature of [Formula: see text] has an obvious influence on the steady creep rate and the creep strain of layered sandstone, and [Formula: see text] can be regarded as the temperature threshold for the long-term strength and change from anisotropic to isotropic of layered sandstone. The irreversible melting mixing phenomenon at the boundary of mineral particles with increasing temperature is the mechanism by which different treatment temperatures affect the anisotropy degree of layered rock.
Voicing Experiences of Family Members Providing Care to Loved Ones With a Pituitary Condition
Authors: Ellicott Carly , Norman Alyson , Jackson Sue
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This paper draws upon lived experiences of family members caring for a relative with a pituitary condition. The rationale for the study stems from the crucial role provided by informal, unpaid carers. Yet in the specific domain of pituitary care, they remain overlooked within empirical research. Therefore, the current study aimed to understand (a) the experiences of family members whose loved ones have a pituitary condition and (b) the information and support needs of family members. Materials and methods: Adopting a qualitative participatory approach, the study involved six family members, each of whom provided care for a loved one with a diagnosed pituitary condition. Family members volunteered to take part in an online semi-structured interview following advertisement of the study through the Pituitary Foundation UK. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes illustrated the experience of family members: (a) experts by experience, (b) burden of mental load, (c) misconceptions of care create barriers and (d) battling for support, with an overarching theme of overwhelm in pursuit of understanding. Discussion and implications: Positive experiences were rooted in family members shared pursuit to seek knowledge and expertise. This came about from poor access to support, and advice which was scarcely available from general healthcare professionals. Negative experiences included emotional burden and the impact of this on family relationships. Findings concluded that family members are consistently left unsupported and systematically disempowered by healthcare services which should be helping them.
Verification and Validation of Cognitive Workload Models for Adaptive Automation Tasks
Authors: Rowan Charles P.
Published: October 2024

Technological advances that seek to address future operational challenges abound. While advanced capabilities are being developed, there is an important space for human design considerations, including cognitive workload. One proposed solution to improve cognitive workload management is adaptive automation (AA). This research used a novel, model-based approach to assess the impacts of AA on cognitive workload. This assessment modeled the tasks in NASA’s Multi-attribute Task Battery-II (MATB-II) using the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT). The effort sought to investigate the relationship of cognitive workload, situation awareness, and performance through three human-in-the-loop studies with 120 participants using MATB-II. The research also attempted to validate cognitive workload models from IMPRINT. The IMPRINT models were representative of the MATB tasks with statistically significant differences between workload conditions, which mirrored the models’ predictions. The results demonstrated that AA system task models can be developed using IMPRINT to provide design recommendations.
Disclosure of Sexual Trauma to Romantic Partners: Examining PTSD Clusters, Partner Reactions, Perceived Partner Responsiveness, and Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Hinnenkamp Lynsey , Owens Gina P.
Published: October 2024

The present study explored the relationship between disclosure of sexual trauma to a romantic partner and relationship satisfaction for individuals who have experienced unwanted or forced sexual contact. We examined whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clusters, partner reactions, and perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) mediated that relationship. Relationship satisfaction was significantly, positively correlated with trauma disclosure, positive partner reactions, and PPR, and significantly, negatively correlated with negative partner reactions and the PTSD clusters of avoidance and negative alterations in cognitions and mood. Trauma disclosure had a significant, indirect effect on relationship satisfaction via positive partner reactions and PPR. Findings from this study can be utilized to inform clinical interventions and guide future research for individuals who have experienced sexual trauma.
Cilioretinal artery occlusion after cataract and macular hole surgery: A case report
Authors: Bilgin Sinan , Doğruya Suzan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To report cilioretinal artery occlusion in a patient undergoing cataract and macular hole surgery.

Material and Method

A 78-year-old male patient was operated on for a left eye cataract and tractional macular hole. The patient had no intraoperative problems and developed sudden visual loss on the 15th postoperative day. Optic coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images revealed occlusion of the cilioretinal artery. After medical treatment and 20 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the best visual acuity was 50 cmFC, the optic nerve was pale, the macula was ischemic, and the central macular thickness was 139 microns at the last eye examination.

Discussion

Mitigating the risk of cilioretinal artery occlusion after vitreoretinal surgery requires a comprehensive approach that addresses patient-specific factors, surgical techniques, and perioperative management.

Conclusion

Occlusion of the cilioretinal artery may rarely occur after cataract and macular hole surgery. Careful follow-up, early diagnosis, and prompt intervention can minimize visual loss.
The efficacy of a netilmicin/dexamethasone gel combination in the treatment of posterior blepharitis in moderate-severe dry eye patients
Authors: Oliverio Giovanni William , Inferrera Leandro , Postorino Elisa I , Palino Paola , Aragona Pasquale
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of netilmicin/dexamethasone combination in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-associated posterior blepharitis.

Methods

In this prospective and controlled study were enrolled 40 patients with MGD and symptoms of dry eye disease. Two groups were established: 20 patients (group 1) received netilmicin 3 mg/ml and dexamethasone 1 mg/ml eye gel, whereas in group 2 (20 patients) received vehicle for 15 days. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 15 and 45 days, including SANDE and VARS questionnaire, non-invasive tear film breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), ocular redness and meibography score. Moreover, fluorescein tear-film breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein ocular surface staining, lid margin evaluation including hyperemia, edema and meibum expressibility and quality examinations were carried out. Furthermore, intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were considered as safety parameters.

Results

In group 1, at 15 and 45 days there were statistically significant changes in VARS and SANDE score (p < 0.0001) as well as lid margin parameters, TBUT and fluorescein ocular surface staining (p < 0.0001). Comparing the two groups, a significant improvement of SANDE score was observed at 15 days in group 1 as well as lid margin parameters, TBUT and fluorescein ocular surface staining at 15 and 45 days (all p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Netilmicin/dexamethasone combination is effective and safe to treat MGD-associated posterior blepharitis improving both symptoms and ocular surface signs.
Captain climate: Australian media coverage of Pat Cummins’ climate change advocacy
Authors: Bingaman James , Mike Moses
Published: October 2024

In February of 2022, Pat Cummins – the captain of the Australian cricket team and one of the world's top players – published an essay advocating for action on climate change. He would later reinforce this advocacy by refusing to appear in ads for one of the national team's main sponsors. Using a content analysis, this study sought to examine Australian media coverage and framing related to Cummins’ eco-activism. The results showed that media coverage often framed Cummins’ advocacy efforts using ‘debate’ frames – rather than ‘spectacle’ frames – while also focusing on Cummins himself. Finally, the results point to an inflection point in late 2022 surrounding his refusal to appear in ads for the main sponsor. Together, these results highlight a potential shift in how athlete activists are covered while also dovetailing with existing research that points to climate change coverage becoming more focused on individuals rather than broader movements.
Empowering the already powerful? A feminist intersectional analysis of critical management education in a business school
Authors: Dorion Léa , Picard Hélène
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the possibility of critical management education to transform management education, that is, expose the ethicopolitical nature of managerial knowledge and practice, and empower students to act for social justice, in the context of a business school. Drawing on a conceptual framework on power rooted in Black feminism, we analyze three autoethnographic vignettes narrating our experience of teaching about discrimination and sexism, using participative methods inspired by pragmatic and radical critical management education, in a French business school. Our study shows that participative methodologies can empower the powerful and disempower the powerless and entrench rather than destabilize the neoliberal status quo in our classrooms. We empirically describe how participative methodologies can reinforce rather than challenge existing power relations connected to gender, race and class, as well as the neoliberalization of management education. We contribute to the literature on CME by empirically demonstrating that participative methodologies can be co-opted within business schools, thus highlighting a dark side of pragmatic critical management education and providing a feminist intersectional reading that goes beyond critical management education’s dominant focus on teacher/students power dynamics. Our work also advances scholarship on intellectual activism as we reflect on the conditions to sustain critical engagement as feminist teachers and writers.
Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Work-Related Stress Scale: A study among search and rescue workers responding to the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
Authors: Öztürk Mehmet Halil , Kuday Ahmet Doğan
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Work-Related Stress Scale (WRSS) among search and rescue workers who responded to the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Data were collected from 275 workers between January and April 2024 using the Personal Information Form and the Turkish version of the WRSS. Language, content, and construct validity were assessed, and reliability was determined using item-total correlation, Cronbach’s alpha, split-half, and test-retest methods. The scale demonstrated strong content validity with a CVI range of 0.9–1.0 and a mean CVI of 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis yielded factor loadings from 0.469 to 0.932, resulting in four factors that explained 75.3% of the variance. The reliability coefficients for the sub-dimensions ranged from 0.833 to 0.900, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.913. These results indicate that the Turkish WRSS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing stress among search and rescue workers.
A self-regulation perspective on L2 grit development and its impact on language achievement
Authors: Mikami Hitoshi , Shiozawa Tadashi
Published: October 2024

Evidence from recent studies has shown that sustained perseverance and passion for long-term goals in the domain of second language (L2) learning – a personality trait called L2 grit – is associated with various aspects of language learning, including positive psychological attributes (e.g. motivation, beliefs, and emotions), actions (e.g. learning efforts and strategy use), and achievement (e.g. course and task performance). Meanwhile, relatively little has been written about the mechanism through which such relationships emerge. Expanding upon L2 grit’s association with self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors and SRL-related psychological variables, this study explores the development of L2 grit and its role in language achievement using the SRL framework. One hundred and eight English majors in Japan responded to a questionnaire, granted permission to access their L2 class records, and completed a standardized L2 test. The main findings include: (1) the psychological attributes that facilitate SRL may play a critical role in increasing levels of L2 grit, (2) the relationship between L2 grit and achievement in language classes was mediated by behavioral self-regulation (intensified learning efforts), and (3) L2 grit may promote different types of self-regulatory behaviors depending on learners’ status (i.e. learning experience and proficiency levels) and learning situations (e.g. learning content and goals). The results provide one explanation for the superior performance of gritty learners in L2 classes observed in previous studies.
Quality-of-life measurement in randomised controlled trials of mental health interventions for autistic adults: A systematic review
Authors: Timmerman Amanda , Totsika Vasiliki , Lye Valerie , Crane Laura , Linden Audrey , Pellicano Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Autistic people are more likely to have co-occurring mental health conditions compared to the general population, and mental health interventions have been identified as a top research priority by autistic people and the wider autism community. Autistic adults have also communicated that quality of life is the outcome that matters most to them in relation to mental health research and that they want to be involved more actively in the research process. Our systematic review aimed to determine the extent and nature of (1) quality of life measurement in randomised controlled trials of mental health interventions for autistic adults and (2) community involvement taking place within identified randomised controlled trials. We searched Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science and grey literature sources. After screening over 10,000 records, 19 studies were eligible and five of those studies measured quality of life as an outcome. Of those five, three included community involvement and two did not report on community involvement. We conclude there is a need for increased use of quality of life measurement when trialling mental health interventions, including the use of measures validated for autistic adults – which would be facilitated by greater autistic involvement in the research process.

Lay Abstract

Autistic people are more likely to have health problems than the general population. They, and people who care about them, have said mental health research is very important, and some autistic adults have said quality of life is the most helpful area to research when focusing on mental health. Autistic people should also be more deeply involved in making decisions in research. Our review aimed to find out if and how quality of life is being measured when mental health treatments are being tested, and how autistic people and the wider autism community are involved in these studies. We searched four databases and other sources and found over 10,000 records. But just 19 research studies were testing mental health treatments for autistic adults, and only five of those measured quality of life. When they did measure quality of life, it was measured in different ways and there was not much information given on how communities were involved. We suggest mental health research should measure quality of life more often and in ways that are more helpful for autistic people. Our analysis found that mental health research needs to include a wider variety of autistic people, and autistic people should be more involved in the various parts of research.
Pregnancy and babies versus penises and intercourse: Gender differences in ‘how babies are made’ according to children at two Spanish primary schools
Authors: Malgosa Estel , Marre Diana , Alvarez Bruna
Published: October 2024

We examine the border between sexuality and reproduction from the perspective of pre-pubescent children from two primary schools in Spain, a country where childhood is seen as asexual. We conducted 14 focus groups with children aged 9 and 11 to analyze the gender differences that primary-school-aged children produced when talking about sexuality through the lens of reproduction. When we asked about reproduction, children produced sexualities and genders based in inequality, suggesting that how we approach the topic of sexuality expands or narrows the possibilities of response and that age and gender play a role in how talk about sexuality is governed.
Parasocial parenting, adoption, and monetization of the “internet parent” with the Griswolds on TikTok
Authors: Smith Jacob Kenton , Mendelson Emily A.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates parasocial relationships between adolescents and a genre of TikTok microcelebrities who construct themselves as “Internet Parents.” We analyze Alex and Melinda Griswold's construction of themselves as the “mom and dad of TikTok” through their videos, comment sections, and off-platform interactive content. We ask how the Griswolds construct parasocial intimacy through modes of familial address, how viewers make sense of parasocial intimacy, and how the Griswolds monetize familial parasocial intimacy. Findings reveal how the Griswolds construct parasocial intimacy with their audience through the use of adoption rhetoric and engaging narrative structures, which viewers identify with by expressing their desire for a parent–child relationship with the Griswolds as their adopted children. However, these moments of parasocial intimacies become transformed through influencer economies that commodify social relationships. Ultimately, we consider the ethical obligations of the Griswolds to their target audience of adopted children .
The Ukraine invasion: Hierarchy, discipline and counterbalance
Authors: Yetim Hüsna Taş
Published: October 2024

This article examines Russia’s 2022 military intervention in Ukraine through an eclectic theoretical framework that synthesises hierarchy theory, foreign-imposed regime change, and negative balancing strategy. We argue that Russia justified the attack as a means to protect its hierarchical objectives in the post-Soviet region against three perceived imminent threats: Ukraine’s independent trajectory, the growing alignment of certain post-Soviet states with the US-led hierarchy, and the expansion of the US-led Western hierarchy into the post-Soviet space. In response, Russia employed the hard face of its negative balancing strategy by launching an overt foreign-imposed regime change operation to replace Zelensky’s government with a pro-Moscow regime. From the outset, this operation has been tasked with two key aims: discipline and balance. The disciplinary objective has focused on ensuring Ukraine’s loyalty to Moscow and deterring other Western-leaning post-Soviet states from emulating Ukraine by sending a clear disciplinary message. The balance objective has sought to counter the negative and outbidding strategies of the US-led hierarchy, which Russia perceives as a neo-containment agenda aimed at undermining its regional influence.