bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jewish Space Reloaded
Authors: Gantner Eszter B. , Oppenheim Jay (Koby)
Published: September 2014

In 1996 the historian Diana Pinto published her often since quoted and discussed article on ‘A New Jewish Identity for Post-1989 Europe’. She was one of the first Jewish intellectuals to reflect on the fall of the Iron Curtain and the resulting political changes and their possible consequences for Jewish communities in Europe. In her article, she introduced the term ‘Jewish space’ that motivates the focus of this issue, as well as the term ‘voluntarily Jewish’, which describes the construction of identity free of external prescription. Pinto situates Jewish space in the context of the Erinnerungspolitik European democracies engaged in during the 1980s, when Holocaust memorialisation began to assume an institutional form through the establishment of Jewish museums, research institutes and exhibitions.
Identity and Traditional Law
Authors: Voell Stéphane , Jalabadze Natia , Janiashvili Lavrenti , Kamm Elke
Published: September 2014

Traditional law continues to be relevant for the Svans (Georgians), who usually live in the highlands of the Caucasus, but who have also migrated to various parts of Georgia. To grasp its practice we draw on approaches in which its use is discussed as a strategy for '(re)asserting collective identities' (Benda-Beckmann) in order to enforce specific goals. But our research also shows another dimension of traditional law: more than in actual conflict resolutions, traditional law is found in narratives, that is in memories of how conflicts were resolved earlier and should be solved today. These stories, however, of how and when traditional law should be applied rarely correspond to lived reality. Drawing on Brubaker and Cooper, we argue that beside a rather instrumental motivated use of traditional law in asserting collective identities, its contemporary practice can only be fully understood if we also acknowledge its non-instrumental practice.
Gamma Knife rhizotomy-induced histopathology in multiple sclerosis–related trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Phillips David B. , Del Bigio Marc R. , Kaufmann Anthony M.
Published: September 2014

Object

In this report, the authors describe the pathological changes in the human trigeminal nerve after Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

Methods

Three trigeminal nerves of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)–related trigeminal neuralgia (MSTN) after Gamma Knife radiosurgery and other ablative procedures were examined by a neuropathologist. These cases were compared with 3 patients with typical TN who underwent partial surgical rhizotomy following recurrent symptoms after gasserian injury procedures, as well as with autopsy specimens from patients with and without MSTN.

Results

The three irradiated MS-TN specimens exhibited axon loss, demyelination, myelin debris, and fibrosis. Mild lymphocytic infiltrate was present in all 3 samples from MS-TN patients. The nonirradiated trigeminal nerve samples were generally well myelinated with rare degenerating axons. The microscopic findings in trigeminal nerve autopsy specimens were normal in patients without TN, with MS but not TN, and MS-TN.

Conclusions

The inflammation observed in MS-TN specimens collected following Gamma Knife radiosurgery has not previously been described in the literature. These data provide new insight into the changes that occur in trigeminal nerve following stereotactic radiosurgery.
The role of spinal fusion in the treatment of cervical synovial cysts: a series of 17 cases and meta-analysis
Authors: Bydon Mohamad , Lin Joseph A. , de la Garza-Ramos Rafael , Sciubba Daniel M. , Wolinsky Jean Paul , Witham Timothy F. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Bydon Ali
Published: September 2014

Object

This study was undertaken to compare surgical outcomes between patients with atlantoaxial versus subaxial cervical synovial cysts (CSCs) and to compare outcomes between patients who underwent decompression alone versus decompression and fusion for the treatment of CSCs.

Methods

The authors present a series of 17 cases involving patients treated at their institution and report the surgical outcomes. Due to the rarity of CSCs, a meta-analysis was conducted, and results of the literature search were combined with the case series to enhance the power of the study.

Results

Seventeen patients underwent surgical treatment for CSCs at our institution: 3 patients (17.6%) had atlantoaxial cysts and 14 (82.3%) had subaxial cysts. Of the 17 patients, 16 underwent a decompression and fusion; most patients experienced symptom resolution at last follow-up, and there were no cyst recurrences. A total of 54 articles (including the current series) and 101 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age at presentation was 64 ± 13.9 years, and the most common symptoms were motor and sensory deficits. Forty-one patients (40.6%) presented with atlantoaxial cysts, and 60 (59.4%) with subaxial cysts. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of presenting symptoms, Nurick scores, surgical treatment, or surgical outcomes. Fifty-two patients (51.4%) underwent surgical decompression without fusion, while 49 patients (48.6%) underwent fusion. The preoperative Nurick scores were significantly lower in the fused group (p = 0.001), with an average score of 1.32 compared with 2.75 in the nonfused group. After a mean follow-up of 16.5 months, a difference of means analysis between final and preoperative Nurick scores revealed that patients who received a decompression alone improved on average 1.66 points (95% CI 1.03–2.29) compared with 0.8 points (95% CI 0.23–1.39) in the fused group (p = 0.004). However, there was no statistically significant difference in symptom resolution between the groups, and the rate of cyst recurrence was found to be 0%.

Conclusions

In this study, patients with CSCs had similar outcomes regardless of cyst location and regardless of whether they underwent decompression only or fusion. In the authors' institutional experience, 16 of 17 patients underwent fusion due to underlying spinal instability. While there were no reports of cyst recurrence in their series or in the literature in patients who only received decompression, this is likely due to the limited follow-up time available for the study population. Longer follow-up and prospective and biomechanical studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Can Migration Health Assessments Become a Mechanism for Global Public Health Good?
Authors: Wickramage Kolitha , Mosca Davide
Published: September 2014

Migrant health assessments (HAs) consist of a medical examination to assess a migrant’s health status and to provide medical clearance for work or residency based on conditions defined by the destination country and/or employer. We argue that better linkages between health systems and migrant HA processors at the country level are needed to shift these from being limited as an instrument of determining non-admissibility for purposes of visa issuance, to a process that may enhance public health. The importance of providing appropriate care and follow-up of migrants who “fail” their HA and the need for global efforts to enable data-collection and research on HAs are also highlighted.
Aberrant Production of Th1/Th2/Th17-Related Cytokines in Serum of C57BL/6 Mice after Short-Term Formaldehyde Exposure
Authors: Wei Haiyan , Tan Kehong , Sun Rongli , Yin Lihong , Zhang Juan , Pu Yuepu
Published: September 2014

Previous studies have shown that formaldehyde (FA) could cause immunotoxicity by changing the number of T lymphocytes and that cytokines play a pivotal role in the regulation of T lymphocytes. However, the previously used cytokine detection methods are difficult to use in the measurement of several cytokines in a small amount of sample for one test. Therefore, the cytometric bead array (CBA) technique was used. CBA showed better analytical efficiency and sensitivity than the previous methods. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the control (normal saline), low FA concentration (0.5 mg/kg), and high FA concentration (2 mg/kg) for 1 week or 1 month. The contents of cytokines, including Th1-related cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), and Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A), were measured by using the BD FACS Canto II Flow Cytometer and analyzed by FCAP ArrayTM Software. Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines showed a slightly decreasing trend after low FA exposure. Conversely, a significantly increasing trend was found after high FA exposure. Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines all serve important functions in the immune reactions in mice after FA exposure.
The Role of Cities in Reducing Smoking in China
Authors: Redmon Pamela , Koplan Jeffrey , Eriksen Michael , Li Shuyang , Kean Wang
Published: September 2014

China is the epicenter of the global tobacco epidemic. China grows more tobacco, produces more cigarettes, makes more profits from tobacco and has more smokers than any other nation in the world. Approximately one million smokers in China die annually from diseases caused by smoking, and this estimate is expected to reach over two million by 2020. China cities have a unique opportunity and role to play in leading the tobacco control charge from the “bottom up”. The Emory Global Health Institute—China Tobacco Control Partnership supported 17 cities to establish tobacco control programs aimed at changing social norms for tobacco use. Program assessments showed the Tobacco Free Cities grantees’ progress in establishing tobacco control policies and raising public awareness through policies, programs and education activities have varied from modest to substantial. Lessons learned included the need for training and tailored technical support to build staff capacity and the importance of government and organizational support for tobacco control. Tobacco control, particularly in China, is complex, but the potential for significant public health impact is unparalleled. Cities have a critical role to play in changing social norms of tobacco use, and may be the driving force for social norm change related to tobacco use in China.
Sildenafil Attenuates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Pelvic Ganglia Neurons after Bilateral Cavernosal Nerve Damage
Authors: Garcia Leah , Hlaing Su , Gutierrez Richard , Sanchez Maria , Kovanecz Istvan , Artaza Jorge , Ferrini Monica
Published: September 2014

Erectile dysfunction is a common complication for patients undergoing surgeries for prostate, bladder, and colorectal cancers, due to damage of the nerves associated with the major pelvic ganglia (MPG). Functional re-innervation of target organs depends on the capacity of the neurons to survive and switch towards a regenerative phenotype. PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have been successfully used in promoting the recovery of erectile function after cavernosal nerve damage (BCNR) by up-regulating the expression of neurotrophic factors in MPG. However, little is known about the effects of PDE5i on markers of neuronal damage and oxidative stress after BCNR. This study aimed to investigate the changes in gene and protein expression profiles of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress related-pathways in MPG neurons after BCNR and subsequent treatment with sildenafil. Our results showed that BCNR in Fisher-344 rats promoted up-regulation of cytokines (interleukin- 1 (IL-1) β, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1), and oxidative stress factors (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF receptor superfamily member 5 (CD40) that were normalized by sildenafil treatment given in the drinking water. In summary, PDE5i can attenuate the production of damaging factors and can up-regulate the expression of beneficial factors in the MPG that may ameliorate neuropathic pain, promote neuroprotection, and favor nerve regeneration.
Blocking the Function of Inflammatory Cytokines and Mediators by Using IL-10 and TGF-β: A Potential Biological Immunotherapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in a Beagle Model
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Tianyi , Wu Liangliang , Chen Chun , Jia Zhiwei , Bai Xuedong , Ruan Dike
Published: September 2014

The debilitating effects of lower back pain are a major health issue worldwide. A variety of factors contribute to this, and oftentimes intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is an underlying cause of this disorder. Inflammation contributes to IDD, and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, play key roles in the pathology of IDD. Therefore, the development of treatments that inhibit the expression and/or effects of TNF-α and IL-1β in IDD patients should be a promising therapeutic approach to consider. This study characterized the potential to suppress inflammatory cytokine production in degenerative intervertebral disc (NP) cells by treatment with IL-10 and TGF-β in a canine model of IDD. IDD was induced surgically in six male beagles, and degenerative NP cells were isolated and cultured for in vitro studies on cytokine production. Cultured degenerative NP cells were divided into four experimental treatment groups: untreated control, IL-10-treated, TGF-β-treated, and IL-10- plus TGF-β-treated cells. Cultured normal NP cells served as a control group. TNF-α expression was evaluated by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); moreover, ELISA and real-time PCR were also performed to evaluate the effect of IL-10 and TGF-β on NP cell cytokine expression in vitro. Our results demonstrated that IL-10 and TGF-β treatment suppressed the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and inhibited the development of inflammatory responses. These data suggest that IL-10 and TGF-β should be evaluated as therapeutic approaches for the treatment of lower back pain mediated by IDD.
The Second-Order Shape Derivative of Kohn–Vogelius-Type Cost Functional Using the Boundary Differentiation Approach
Authors: Bacani Jerico , Peichl Gunther
Published: September 2014

A shape optimization method is used to study the exterior Bernoulli free boundaryproblem. We minimize the Kohn–Vogelius-type cost functional over a class of admissibledomains subject to two boundary value problems. The first-order shape derivative of the costfunctional is recalled and its second-order shape derivative for general domains is computedvia the boundary differentiation scheme. Additionally, the second-order shape derivative ofJ at the solution of the Bernoulli problem is computed using Tiihonen’s approach.
Biological Evaluation of the Activity of Some Benzimidazole-4,7-dione Derivatives
Authors: Błaszczak-Świątkiewicz Katarzyna , Mikiciuk-Olasik Elżbieta
Published: September 2014

The study presented here is a follow up of the authors’ interest in the approach to selective and cytotoxic bioreductive anticancer prodrugs. The current work is devoted to explore both the biological activity of some previously obtained compounds and the search for an explanation of their target(s) in hypoxic pathways. In this work the biological activity of some benzimidazole-4,7-diones was evaluated. These compounds were examined as potential bioreductive agents specific for the hypoxic environment found in tumor cells. The main aim was concerned with establishing their cytotoxic properties by using proliferation, apoptosis and DNA destruction tests on selected tumor cells. Their cytotoxic effects on two tumor cell lines (human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells line and human malignant melanoma WM115) was compared by means of a WST-1 test. Next, the mode of cytotoxicity behind the selected tumor cells’ death was determined by the caspase 3/7 test. The last point referred to the DNA destruction of A549 and WM115 cells and the in situ DNA Assay Kit test was applied. The cytotoxic tests confirmed their activity against the tumor cells and target hypoxia (compounds 2b, 2a, 2d). The screening test of the caspase-dependent apoptosis proved that the exposure of the tested tumor cells in hypoxia to these benzimidazole-4,7-diones promoted the apoptotic cell death. Additionally, the DNA damage test established that benzimidazole-4,7-diones can be potential hypoxia-selective agents for tumor cells, especially compound 2b. All results classify the tested benzimidazole-4,7-diones as promising, lead molecules and provide a rationale for further molecular studies to explain their usefulness as potential inhibitors of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1).
Ferric Citrate Hydrate as a Phosphate Binder and Risk of Aluminum Toxicity
Authors: Gupta Ajay
Published: September 2014

Ferric citrate hydrate was recently approved in Japan as an oral phosphate binder to be taken with food for the control of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The daily therapeutic dose is about 3 to 6 g, which comprises about 2 to 4 g of citrate. Oral citrate solubilizes aluminum that is present in food and drinking water, and opens the tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium, thereby increasing aluminum absorption and urinary excretion. In healthy animals drinking tap water, oral citrate administration increased aluminum absorption and, over a 4-week period, increased aluminum deposition in brain and bone by about 2- and 20-fold, respectively. Renal excretion of aluminum is impaired in patients with chronic kidney disease, thereby increasing the risk of toxicity. Based on human and animal studies it can be surmised that patients with CKD who are treated with ferric citrate hydrate to control hyperphosphatemia are likely to experience enhanced absorption of aluminum from food and drinking water, thereby increasing the risk of aluminum overload and toxicity.
A Customized Vision System for Tracking Humans Wearing Reflective Safety Clothing from Industrial Vehicles and Machinery
Authors: Mosberger Rafael , Andreasson Henrik , Lilienthal Achim
Published: September 2014

This article presents a novel approach for vision-based detection and tracking of humans wearing high-visibility clothing with retro-reflective markers. Addressing industrial applications where heavy vehicles operate in the vicinity of humans, we deploy a customized stereo camera setup with active illumination that allows for efficient detection of the reflective patterns created by the worker’s safety garments. After segmenting reflective objects from the image background, the interest regions are described with local image feature descriptors and classified in order to discriminate safety garments from other reflective objects in the scene. In a final step, the trajectories of the detected humans are estimated in 3D space relative to the camera. We evaluate our tracking system in two industrial real-world work environments on several challenging video sequences. The experimental results indicate accurate tracking performance and good robustness towards partial occlusions, body pose variation, and a wide range of different illumination conditions.
Filovirus RefSeq Entries: Evaluation and Selection of Filovirus Type Variants, Type Sequences, and Names
Authors: Kuhn Jens , Andersen Kristian , Bào Yīmíng , Bavari Sina , Becker Stephan , Bennett Richard , Bergman Nicholas , Blinkova Olga , Bradfute Steven , Brister J. , Bukreyev Alexander , Chandran Kartik , Chepurnov Alexander , Davey Robert , Dietzgen Ralf , Doggett Norman , Dolnik Olga , Dye John , Enterlein Sven , Fenimore Paul , Formenty Pierre , Freiberg Alexander , Garry Robert , Garza Nicole , Gire Stephen , Gonzalez Jean-Paul , Griffiths Anthony , Happi Christian , Hensley Lisa , Herbert Andrew , Hevey Michael , Hoenen Thomas , Honko Anna , Ignatyev Georgy , Jahrling Peter , Johnson Joshua , Johnson Karl , Kindrachuk Jason , Klenk Hans-Dieter , Kobinger Gary , Kochel Tadeusz , Lackemeyer Matthew , Lackner Daniel , Leroy Eric , Lever Mark , Mühlberger Elke , Netesov Sergey , Olinger Gene , Omilabu Sunday , Palacios Gustavo , Panchal Rekha , Park Daniel , Patterson Jean , Paweska Janusz , Peters Clarence , Pettitt James , Pitt Louise , Radoshitzky Sheli , Ryabchikova Elena , Saphire Erica , Sabeti Pardis , Sealfon Rachel , Shestopalov Aleksandr , Smither Sophie , Sullivan Nancy , Swanepoel Robert , Takada Ayato , Towner Jonathan , Van der Groen Guido , Volchkov Viktor , Volchkova Valentina , Wahl-Jensen Victoria , Warren Travis , Warfield Kelly , Weidmann Manfred , Nichol Stuart
Published: September 2014

Sequence determination of complete or coding-complete genomes of viruses is becoming common practice for supporting the work of epidemiologists, ecologists, virologists, and taxonomists. Sequencing duration and costs are rapidly decreasing, sequencing hardware is under modification for use by non-experts, and software is constantly being improved to simplify sequence data management and analysis. Thus, analysis of virus disease outbreaks on the molecular level is now feasible, including characterization of the evolution of individual virus populations in single patients over time. The increasing accumulation of sequencing data creates a management problem for the curators of commonly used sequence databases and an entry retrieval problem for end users. Therefore, utilizing the data to their fullest potential will require setting nomenclature and annotation standards for virus isolates and associated genomic sequences. The National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI’s) RefSeq is a non-redundant, curated database for reference (or type) nucleotide sequence records that supplies source data to numerous other databases. Building on recently proposed templates for filovirus variant naming [ ()////-], we report consensus decisions from a majority of past and currently active filovirus experts on the eight filovirus type variants and isolates to be represented in RefSeq, their final designations, and their associated sequences.
The specialisation of labour in early Greek society
Authors: Walcot Peter
Published: September 2014

In ancient, as in modern, Greece specialised work was carried out by professionals, who, in early antiquity, were organised in hereditary guilds. In an emergency, however, the services of an amateur might be used. The ability of Odysseus to build a boat and bed is a measure of the hero's versatility and not evidence of a simple society in which labour was less specialised than during the Mycenaean period. The Homeric and Hesiodic poems suggest that, although one collected the material required oneself, a skilled craftsman was responsible for the actual process of construction.
L'inscription de Delphes mentionnant le proconsul Gallion
Authors: Plassart André
Published: September 2014

Cette lettre de l'empereur Claude, du printemps de 52, n'était pas adressée aux Delphiens, comme on l'a généralement cru, ni à Gallion (le frère de Sénèque), mais, selon toute vraisemblance, au successeur immédiat de Gallion dans le proconsulat d'Achaïe. Cette rectification, celle aussi de l'objet de la lettre impériale n'empêchent d'ailleurs pas de continuer à compter de l'hiver de 49/50 à l'été de 51 les dix-huit mois que selon les Actes des Apôtres (18) saint Paul passa à Corinthe.
Cataloguer, rechercher des cartes. Le référencement géographique en question
Authors: Arnaud Jean-Luc
Published: September 2014

Cet article est consacré aux méthodes d’enregistrement et d’exploitation des données de référencement géographique des cartes et plans dans les catalogues des bibliothèques. Après un bilan des pratiques qui suivent la norme et l’exposé des difficultés relatives à leur mise en œuvre, Jean-Luc Arnaud présente les possibilités offertes par les nouveaux outils de l’information géographique et du géoréférencement à travers quelques exemples. Le constat est sans appel, ces outils ont des performances sans commune mesure avec ceux préconisés par la norme. Les pratiques évoluent assez rapidement et, de toute évidence, la cartothéconomie est à un tournant de son histoire. Cependant, plusieurs années sont encore nécessaires pour évaluer avec un recul suffisant les résultats proposés par des outils eux-mêmes en évolution rapide.
Avec sa jambe de boiteuse. Lecture ethnocritique d' À une passante de Baudelaire
Authors: Ménard Sophie
Published: September 2014

Cette lecture ethnocritique d’« À une passante » de Baudelaire vise à prendre en compte la culture du poème en réinscrivant cette passante dans une dynamique anthropologique du passage (celui du « grand deuil ») et en établissant une équivalence symbolique entre la « jambe de statue » et la boiterie. Alliant une poétique du texte et une ethnologie du symbolique, cet article fait l’hypothèse générale que le poème obéit à des réglages culturels bien particuliers, qui mettent l’accent sur des logiques de la traversée rituelle et de la mobilité entravée.
Passé, présent et futur de l'anthropologie littéraire en Italie
Authors: Scafoglio Domenico , Lamb Mary
Published: September 2014

L’article aborde les relations entre anthropologie et littérature en Italie. Il montre d’abord comment l’intérêt pour la littérature « cultivée » a remplacé progressivement celui pour la littérature « populaire ». Le livre The Broken Fountain de Thomas Belmonte et les travaux menés à l’université de Salerne ont contribué ensuite à renouveler les débats du côté des anthropologues. De leur côté, les spécialistes italiens de la littérature, influencés notamment par les travaux de Bakhtine, ont aussi intégré certaines réflexions des anthropologues.
Des enfants, des fous, des chiens. Des jeux brutaux et sérieux dans les mornes haïtiens
Authors: Mézié Nadège
Published: September 2014

Dans les mornes haïtiens, par intermittence, de manière disruptive, et rarement prémédités, deux événements collectifs donnent à voir des accès de violence perpétrés principalement par des enfants : l’explosion agressive des enfants à l’égard de personnes considérées comme folles et la chasse aux chiens prédateurs de bétail. Dans les deux cas, l’exécution d’actions violentes est accompagnée d’une exultation collective et d’une émulation compétitive témoignant du caractère ludique de ces deux moments intenses de la vie sociale enfantine. Ces deux événements collectifs sont à inscrire dans le répertoire varié et riche des manifestations violentes à Haïti lors desquels les enfants font l’apprentissage de manières d’être et de faire violentes valorisées par le groupe.
The Overview of Wave Power Generation
Authors: Wang Shi Ming , Zhao Wei , Li Yao , Tian Ka
Published: September 2014

Now the world is running short of source and the human beings are developing different kinds of new energy resources. This article introduced and analysis several kinds of wave power devices, tells the advantage and disadvantages. There is a great improvement in the modern wave power generating sets, but still some technology bottlenecks, we should work on these challenges and make full use of the ocean energy resources with the lowest cost.
Cell Equalization System for Li-Ion Battery Management Based on Fly-Back DC/AC Convertor
Authors: Song Ding , Niu Yue Hua , Xing Jie , Zhu Jing Mei
Published: September 2014

Cell equalization acts an important role on the battery life preserving for space application. This paper describes a lithium ion battery cell equalization method for spacecraft that employs innovative design features in power subsystem. The scheme proposed for balancing the battery pack relies on energy conversion devices as it uses transformers to move energy from high voltage cells to low voltage cells without energy loss. The method employs bi-directional forward DC-AC converters, plus a unique common node to provide autonomous charge distribution. It also supports individual cell voltage monitoring, telemetry data. Multisim is used to analyze the function and performance, experimental result proves that the method is effective for Lithium Ion battery equalization.
Design of Power Supply for Mining Belt Conveyor Integrated Protection Device KHP178k-z Based on Topswitch-JX
Authors: Yang Hai Zhu , Zhang Zeng Liang
Published: September 2014

Mining belt conveyor integrated protection device KHP178k-z is an important device for the supervision and protection of the belt conveyors. A new power supply based on TOPSwitch-JX is designed in this paper to ensure the reliable operation of the device. Applying TOPSwitch-JX, the circuit of the power supply is simplified and the output quality is improved. Experiments show that the output waveform is stable and the ripple is small. The power supply designed is effective to meet the requirements of mining belt conveyor integrated protection device KHP178k-z.
The Realization of the 1/2 Blanking in the 4-1/2 Digital Voltmeter Based on ICL7135 Chip
Authors: Zhu Guang Yuan , Hu Wei Wei , Sun Yu Feng
Published: September 2014

It is necessary to realize the 1/2 blanking when designing the 4-1/2 digital voltmeter based on ICL7135 chip. The traditional digital voltmeter meters achieve the function by using the single-chip microcomputer program control. A new design should be considered when circuits are designed without the single-chip microcomputer. This paper combines the blanking terminal of the CD4511 decoding chip with the output signal of the A/D chip to design a complex logic gate circuit for realizing the blanking function. Experiment has been done to verify that the design of the complex logic gate circuit is feasible and it can guarantee the realization of the 1/2 blanking.
An Improved Doppler Shift Simulation Method Based on Third-Order DDS
Authors: Li Rui , Cai Yuan Long , Bai Xin Bei , Lu Ming Quan
Published: September 2014

A method to simulate the Doppler frequency shift of high dynamic signals of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is provided in this paper. The methodology of the method based on third-order Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) is introduced and the efficient implementation architecture is proposed. The design criteria of the DDS are investigated according to the precision and dynamic range of the Doppler shift. The simulation results are also demonstrated, which indicate that the method is available for the high precision Doppler shift simulation of GNSS signals.
An Unsupervised Approach to Close-Talk Speech Enhancement
Authors: Jiang Yi , Zu Yuan Yuan , Wang Ying Ze
Published: September 2014

A K-means based unsupervised approach to close-talk speech enhancement is proposed in this paper. With the frame work of computational auditory scene analysis (CASA), the dual-microphone energy difference (DMED) is used as the cue to classify the noise domain time-frequency (T-F) units and target speech domain units. A ratio mask is used to separate the target speech and noise. Experiment results show the robust performance of the proposed algorithm than the Wiener filtering algorithm.
Properties of Reflected Liu Process at the Origin
Authors: You Cui Lian , Jiao Xiao Yan
Published: September 2014

Liu process is a special fuzzy process which plays an important role in the theory of fuzzy differential equations. This paper proposes the concept of reflected Liu process at the origin. Then some properties of this type of Liu process are deduced.
A Downlink Scheduling Scheme for Trunking Multimedia Services in LTE Public Networks
Authors: Sun Ren Qiang , Wu Shao Chuan
Published: September 2014

Integrating trunking multimedia services into LTE public networks is becoming an innovation and research focus. But several aspects have to be considered for providing effective multimedia services to trunking mobile users. In particular, in this work, we design a packet scheduler for real-time downlink communication, considering both the QoS and the priority of user equipment (UE). To this aim, we exploit an innovative approach based on discrete-time linear control (DTLC) theory to satisfy the QoS requirements and add the priority of UE to determine the priority order in which the services should be scheduled. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated by theory and simulations. A comparison with recently proposed scheduling strategies has also been presented. Results have clearly shown that the proposed approach is able to greatly outperform the existing ones especially in the presence of real-time video flows.
Parallel Implementation of BP Neural Network for Traffic Prediction on Sunway Blue Light Supercomputer
Authors: Feng Jin Qiao , Gu Wei Dong , Pan Jing Shan , Zhong Hong Jun , Huo Ji Dong
Published: September 2014

Parallelized training algorithm of MLP-BP neural network is implemented on the Sunway Blue Light Supercomputer. Efforts are mainly focused on the dada parallel method based on the characteristics of the training process. The implementation mainly depends on MPI techniques, which ensures the universality of the application. A new strategy of data partition and storage is applied in the parallelism. Tests of short-term traffic prediction which is significant in the intelligent transportation system are carried out to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the routines.
A Comparison of Pull-Out Capacity of Suction Anchors in Clay and Sand
Authors: Du Jia Qing , Du Shou Ji , Wang Zhi
Published: September 2014

With the oil and gas exploitation develop to the deep sea; offshore platform under extreme environment load needs more stable anchorage foundation. Based on the slender suction anchor of SPAR, three-dimensional numerical analysis method was presented to study the ultimate pull-out capacity. Based on the geological conditions from South China Sea, clay and sand was selected as soil conditions to make a comparison analysis. The effects of soil type, load positions, load angles and aspect ratio on the ultimate bearing pull-out resistance of the suction foundation were studied. The comparison analysis results indicated that the ultimate pull-out resistance of suction anchors in sand has a greater rise rate and achieve ultimate pull-out capacity need smaller displacement than in clay; load point and load angles have a great impact on the resistance and there is a critical aspect ratio under inclined loading in sand.
The Rotation Curve of our Galaxy
Authors: Shi Wei Bin , Ruan Gui Ping
Published: September 2014

The rotation curve of our Galaxy is derived from a large sample of objects with known radial velocities and distances. We collect data as completely as possible, especially the data with accurately measured trigonometric parallaxes. These observations are used to construct a highly accurate rotation curve of the Galaxy. We discuss how to optimize the source selection for fitting the rotation curve. For each sample we adopted new selection criteria that remove data with large errors. We adopt the more reasonable Galactic constants R0 =8.0kpc, V0 = 220.0km/s. The results show that the fitting curve is a little bit higher for the outer Galaxy and lower for the inner Galaxy than previous results. For the first time we give out the errors of the formulary parameters.
Microgrooving of Germanium Wafers Using Laser and Hybrid Laser-Waterjet Technologies
Authors: Zhu Hao , Wang Jun , Li Wei Yi , Li Huai Zhong
Published: September 2014

Lasers have the potential for the micromachining of germanium (Ge). However, the thermal damages associated with the laser machining process need to be properly controlled. To minimize the thermal damages, a hybrid laser-waterjet ablation technology has recently been developed for micromachining. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the machining performances in microgrooving of Ge by using a nanosecond laser and the hybrid laser-waterjet technology. The effects of laser pulse energy, pulse overlap and focal plane position on the groove geometry and heat affected zone (HAZ) size are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that the hybrid laser-waterjet technology can give rise to narrow and deep microgrooves with minimum HAZ.
Study on the Model of Surface Crack Depth in Ceramics Grinding
Authors: Su Jang Kwang , Lin Bin , Wang Lei
Published: September 2014

Based on "indentation fracture mechanics" model, this paper offers a model on the crack depth of surface in ceramics grinding. Through carrying out one-way trip grinding and surface crack depth measuring experiments on silicon nitride, a model for silicon nitride grinding surface crack depth is established. In this model, the parameters can be confirmed by the experiment. By the grinding experiment, the parameters of the model can be confirmed, and the controlled grinding surface quality for the ceramic materials can be expected.
Optimizing the Dry Grinding Process on the Basis of Bond Materials
Authors: Kitzig Heike , Jandaghi Nima , Azarhoushang Bahman , Vesali Alireza
Published: September 2014

In order to decrease the negative environmental impacts of the cutting fluids (for example, disposal of grinding sludge) and also to reduce the manufacturing costs and the required space for the machines the dry grinding can be a conceivable alternative for the conventional grinding processes. Nevertheless, dry grinding has not been widely introduced into industry because of the high temperature generated in the grinding zone and difficulties of heat transfer without coolants. Selection of the proper grinding wheel bonds, grit sizes and concentration has significant effect on the grinding performance and the generated heat in the contact zone. This paper addresses the effects of the grinding wheel bond and the concentration on the dry grinding process efficiency through comparing the results of the carried out experiments with three resin bonded cBN-cup-wheels, each consisting different bond components. For this purpose, surface roughness and thermal damages during dry and wet grinding (utilizing grinding oil) by three different resin bonds were measured. The results show almost identical surface roughness values for dry and wet grinding. Furthermore, using the resin-kryolith-graphite bonded wheel leads to a reduction in thermal damages on the workpiece. Through different experiments, it was shown that the different bonds, used in this study, have significant influence on the chip loading of the grinding wheels. This is contributed to the different chip formation mechanisms and induced grinding temperatures when grinding by the different wheel bonds.
High Efficiency Abrasive Waterjet Dressing of Diamond Grinding Wheel
Authors: Yao Peng , Wang Wei , Huang Chuan Zhen , Wang Jun , Zhu Hong Tao , Zhang Zhi Yu
Published: September 2014

A grinding wheel wears rapidly during ultrasonic assisted surface generation of a large aperture aspherical RB-SiC mirror, which leads to an increase of grinding force and profile error. In this paper, different types of resinoid bonded diamond grinding wheel with a same grit size were dressed with high-pressure abrasive water jet. The dressing effects of abrasive water jet were assessed through comparing the 3D roughness of the grinding wheel topographies before and after dressing. The experimental results show that diamond grits of a worn grinding wheel are protruding from bond after dressing. The feed rate of nozzle and the bond materials have significant impact on the 3D surface roughness of the wheel and dressing efficient. The softer binder and the decrease of the feed rates and lead to deeper grooves during dressing of grinding wheel. However, too low feed rate will make a large number of abrasive particles drop from binder, which worsens the wheel topography. Therefore, to dress grinding wheel well and efficiently, optimized feed rate must be chosen.
Wafer Grinding of Using Fixed Abrasive Diamond Wheel - Evaluation of Cutting Edge Distribution in Diamond Wheels
Authors: Ebina Yutaro , Zhou Li Bo , Shimizu Jun , Onuki Teppei , Ojima Hirotaka
Published: September 2014

The wafer grinding by use of fixed abrasive diamond wheels is required to create a high-quality wafer surface in a short time. In general, it is known that the grinding performance of diamond wheel is mainly dependent on grinding wheel specifications and grinding conditions. The cutting edge distribution or abrasive protrusion height in depth-wise of a specified wheel is one of the most important factors to determine the finishing surface roughness and the grinding force, which in turn determine the surface and subsurface quality of ground wafers. The overall purpose of this study is to understand the dynamic behavior of each diamond abrasive via modeling an actual diamond wheel and simulating of wafer grinding. In previous report [1], we have theoretically analyzed three-dimensional cutting edge distribution on the working surface of diamond wheels. This paper reports our recent achievements in the evaluation of 3-D cutting edge distribution in depth-wise of a specified wheel via the bearing ratio of its topography.
Machining of Sintered Tungsten Carbide for Die and Mold
Authors: Moriwaki Toshimichi , Tsurimoto Seiji , Osakada Kozo , Nagata Masafumi
Published: September 2014

In order to pursue possibility to machine sintered Tungsten Carbide by milling, series of ball end milling experiments are carried out with use of ball end mills made of sintered PCD and sintered CBN to machine flat inclined surface of sintered Tungsten Carbide. The experimental results show that the sintered Tungsten Carbide can well be machined by end milling. The ball end milling is also applied to finish rounding of the edges of the gear teeth. The maximum surface roughness of the finished gear teeth obtained is 1.1μm.
Influence of Processing Parameters on Surface Roughness in Micro Mill-Grinding Aluminium Alloy 6061
Authors: Gong Ya Dong , Wang Chao , Cheng Jun , Wen Xue Long , Yin Guo Qiang
Published: September 2014

Orthogonal experiments of micro mill-grinding were conducted on aluminium alloy 6061. Electroplated CBN compound tools were used in machining. Surface topography and roughness of the machined workpieces were measured and analyzed. Influence rules of radial cutting depth,feed rate and spindle speed on surface roughness in micro mill-grinding were studied. The results were compared with those in micro milling. It shows that the influence rules of processing parameters on surface roughness in micro mill-grinding are approximately same with those in micro milling. And in the same processing conditions, the surface roughness of micro mill-grinding is better than that of micro milling. The minimum value of surface roughness Ra of micro mill-grinding is 0.609μm in the experiments.
Preliminary Study on Highly Efficient Polishing of 4H-SiC by Utilization of Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Yamamura Kazuya , Hosoya Kenji , Imanishi Yusuke , Deng Hui , Endo Katsuyoshi
Published: September 2014

Preliminary study on anodic-oxidation-assisted polishing (AOAP) of 4H-SiC (0001) using ceria polishing film was demonstrated. In the case of using deionized (DI) water as an electrolyte, rms roughness of 0.16 nm was obtained, which is almost the same as roughness of the surface finished by conventional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). However, the polishing rate was very low and was 23 nm/h. In contrast, the polishing rate of 0.84 μm/h, which is equal to that of conventional CMP of single-crystal SiC or greater, was obtained when we used 1 wt% of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as the electrolyte, although the surface roughness increased to rms roughness of 1 nm order. These experimental results indicate that the polishing rate greatly depends on the oxidation rate of anodic oxidation and the balance between the oxidation rate and the removal rate of oxide by abrasive greatly affects the roughness of the processed surface.
Design of Double-Sided Polishing Machine for Functional Crystal Substrate
Authors: Yang Jin Shuang , Zhu Xiang Long , Dong Zhi Gang , Kang Ren Ke , Guo Dong Ming , Zhang Bi
Published: September 2014

Responding to the demand on the ultra-precision equipment for machining monocrystalline silicon, sapphire, zirconia ceramics and other large-size functional crystal substrates in the microelectronics and optoelectronics manufacturing, this study analyzes the current state-of-the-art of polishing technologies and the technical challenges to achieving high surface quality substrates. In this study, a planetary double-sided polishing machine is designed to solve the problem between achieving high polishing quality and efficiency. The machine is characterized by process stability, large polishing pressure and high polishing speed, etc. which is verified by polishing zirconia substrates with satisfactory results: material removal rate of 5 μm/h and the surface roughness Ra of 1 nm.
Development of Rotary Work Table with Constant-Flow Hydrostatic Water Bearing for Large Scale Silicon-Wafer Grinding Machine
Authors: Okahata Go , Yui Akinori , Kitajima Takayuki , Okuyama Shigeki , Saito Hirotsugu , Slocum Alexander Henry
Published: September 2014

There is a compelling need for development of a surface grinding machine for 450mm diameter silicon-wafers. The authors have developed a new surface grinding machine for the large scale silicon-wafers. The machine has a rotary work table equipped with a constant-flow hydrostatic water bearing. The table system has to attain high static stiffness to achieve higher loop stiffness. This paper investigates static performances of the rotary table by numerical computation. The obtained results are compared with the experimental ones. Accordingly, it is verified that the developed rotary table has sufficient static performances for the large scale silicon-wafer grinding machine.
Influence of Work Speed on Surface Quality with Rapid Rotation Mirror-Like Surface Grinding
Authors: Yamaguchi Keishi , Yamazaki Ryo , Yu Chuan Hai , Ota Minoru , Egashira Kai , Akita Yasunori , Suzuki Shoji
Published: September 2014

Rapid Rotation Mirror-like surface Grinding (RRMG), in which combine Rapid Rotation Grinding (RRG) and Truncate Truing with Micro Dressing (TTMD) are combined, is a suitable method for mirror-like surface finishing with high efficiency. The surface roughness of a workpiece decreased with increasing work speed of RRMG, contradicting the conventional grinding principle on grinding geometry and kinematics. Furthermore, it was analyzed that a heat-affected layer and subsurface microstructure of the workpiece having a surface roughness Ra of less than 0.05 μm were obtained by RRMG. As a result, it was clarified that the thickness of the heat-affected layer was decreased and the subsurface microstructure was nanocrystallized, because the grinding temperature was suppressed with increasing peripheral work speed of RRMG.
Manufacturing Process Evolution Method of Neutron Ellipsoidal Mirror Simulation Using Measured Point-Set
Authors: MORITA Shinya , Takeda Shin , Furusaka Michihiro , Guo Jiang , Yamagata Yutaka
Published: September 2014

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) analysis using ellipsoidal neutron mirrors are highly demanded for basic researches of high tensile strength steel sheets, proteins and polymer materials. Although the mirror was conventionally assembled from multilayer neutron super mirrors deposited on ground and polished glass segments, it was difficult to align segmented mirrors with high accuracy and it took several months for the grinding and polishing process. An optimized manufacturing process is proposed utilizing optical function evaluation based on measured mirror surface profile. Optical aberration caused by surface form error and misalignment is evaluated by ray-tracing using mirror surface profile measured by non-contact high precision profilometer.