bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superradiance and black resonator strings encounter helical black strings
Authors: Dias Óscar J. C. , Ishii Takaaki , Murata Keiju , Santos Jorge E. , Way Benson
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We construct a cohomogeneity-1 helical black string in six-dimensional Einstein gravity. The helical solution branches from the onset of the gravitational superradiant instability of the equal-spinning Myers-Perry black string. The isometry group of the helical black string is ℝT × U(1)Z × SU(2), where the first two are helical isometries generated by linear combinations of time translation, shifts along the string, and rotation, each of which is individually broken by the superradiant instability. The helical black string is stationary, non-axisymmetric, and has nonzero horizon velocity despite the absence of momentum in the string direction. The entropy of the helical black string is higher than that of the Myers-Perry black string, but lower than cohomogeneity-2 “black resonator strings” (recently found) when the solutions overlap in the microcanonical ensemble. The entropy of the helical black string approaches zero when the horizon velocity along the string reaches its maximum given by the speed of light. Nevertheless, we find no evidence for the existence of regular horizonless solutions in this limit.
Accelerating Image Processing Using Reduced Precision Calculation Convolution Engines
Authors: Pokhrel Narayan , Snäll Sakari , Heimo Olli I. , Sarwar Uruj , Airola Antti , Säntti Tero
Published: May 2023

In this paper a method of accelerating image processing using convolution engines with reduced precision calculation is presented. The convolution engines are designed to be used with the Pulpissimo platform with RISC-V System-on-Chip. The aim is to move the calculation to the edge. The proposed linear convolution engines operate on 8-bit data set and the logarithmic convolution engine operates on 4-bit reduced precision data. The data reduction is done by using a logarithmic number space. Diminishing the size of the data to be processed reduces the amount of required memory, requirement for memory bandwidth, required computation, and required hardware area while simultaneously increasing the performance. This performance could benefit modern AI and image processing applications, especially in mobile and other battery-operated devices. The results show that the computation in the linear convolution engine is 91 times faster and computation in the logarithmic convolution engine is 122 times faster than in the RISC-V core with plain RISC-V instructions.
The reinforcement sensitivity theory affects questionnaire (RST-AQ). A validation study of a new scale targeting affects related to anxiety, approach motivation and fear
Authors: Franchina Vittoria , Klackl Johannes , Jonas Eva
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the RST-AQ, a 22-item scale to measure the affective states related to the three motivational systems postulated by Reinforcement Sensitivity theory (RST-AQ): the Behavioral approach system (BAS), Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and the Fight-Flight-Freeze system (FFFS). The three subscales are internally consistent. Results show an overall support for construct validity of our RST-AQ measure. The correlations of the RST-AQ subscales with other measures demonstrate a good convergent and divergent validity with regard to the subscales of BAS and BIS. The RTS-AQ Scale provides researcher with the first instrument to measures the affective states of the RST theory.
A Companion to Latin American Literature
Authors: Hart Stephen M.
Published: May 2023

The evolution of Latin American literature.
Evaluation of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives (CBRNE) Knowledge Change and Skills Confidence Among Frontline-Line Providers During the Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Erickson Timothy B. , Harvin Donell , Schmid Alexis , Loevinsohn Gideon , Poriechna Anna , Martyshyn Oleg , Kliukach Kryrylo , Sydlowski Meaghan , Strong Jonathan , Kivlehan Sean M.
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in knowledge and skill confidence after implementation of a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) training course during the Russia-Ukraine War.

Methods:

Pre/post-test study in the Ukrainian cities of Kyiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia, and Odesa. Fifteen CBRNE courses were conducted over a 3-mo period, August to October 2022. Change in knowledge and skills confidence were evaluated with pre/post-course written exams and practical skill assessments that were observed during the training exercises. Changes were analyzed based on nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank testing. Pre/post self-efficacy surveys were analyzed with McNemar’s test for paired data. Course evaluations were conducted with standardized questions which assessed instruction quality, teaching relevance, knowledge gained, and post-course skills confidence.

Results:

A total of 523 participants registered and completed 1 of the 15 courses. Overall mean pre-course test score: 57.8% (SD 20.7%); mean post-course test score: 81.4% (SD 11.3%); participants with increasing test scores: 90.7%; mean difference in score (95% confidence interval) 23.6% (21.2%-25.9%), P < 0.0001. Pre/post self-efficacy surveys (4-point Likert scale) noted participants recognized signs and symptoms of a CBRNE incident, and necessary skills to manage CBRNE exposures, P < 0.0001.

Conclusions:

The implementation of this CBRNE course for front-line providers in Ukraine was successful. To our knowledge, it was the first implementation of a field course during the current Russian-Ukraine war. Future research should evaluate knowledge retention and impact of our innovative Train-the-Trainer model. Further iterations should emphasize expanding the quantity of training equipment and practical skill sessions.
Model insights into bed control on retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
Authors: Schwans Emily , Parizek Byron R. , Alley Richard B. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Morlighem Mathieu M.
Published: May 2023

Thwaites Glacier (TG) plays an important role in future sea-level rise (SLR) contribution from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent observations show that TG is losing mass, and its grounding zone is retreating. Previous modeling has produced a wide range of results concerning whether, when, and how rapidly further retreat will occur under continued warming. These differences arise at least in part from ill-constrained processes, including friction from the bed, and future atmosphere and ocean forcing affecting ice-shelf and grounding-zone buttressing. Here, we apply the Ice Sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM) with a range of specifications of basal sliding behavior in response to varying ocean forcing. We find that basin-wide bed character strongly affects TG's response to sub-shelf melt by modulating how changes in driving stress are balanced by the bed as the glacier responds to external forcing. Resulting differences in dynamic thinning patterns alter modeled grounding-line retreat across Thwaites' catchment, affecting both modeled rates and magnitudes of SLR contribution from this critical sector of the ice sheet. Bed character introduces large uncertainties in projections of TG under equal external forcing, pointing to this as a crucial constraint needed in predictive models of West Antarctica.
Ice aprons on steep high-alpine slopes: insights from the Mont-Blanc massif, Western Alps
Authors: Ravanel Ludovic , Guillet Grégoire , Kaushik Suvrat , Preunkert Susanne , Malet Emmanuel , Magnin Florence , Trouvé Emmanuel , Montagnat Maurine , Yan Yajing , Deline Philip
Published: May 2023

Ice aprons are defined as very small ice bodies covering steep rock slopes. They have only been the subject of increased scientific interest for a few years, despite the fact that they are a condition for mountaineering and obvious elements in the high-alpine landscapes. However, very little is known about their distribution, evolution and physical characteristics. In this paper, we review the existing knowledge on ice aprons, which have almost exclusively been investigated in the Mont-Blanc massif, Western Alps. We supplement this review with novel results from recent surveys of ice aprons. We used a wide array of methodologies, from remote sensing (multi-source imagery) to in situ (stakes and thermal monitoring) and laboratory (radiocarbon dating and texture analysis) glaciological investigations. In the Mont-Blanc massif, ice aprons occupy 4.2 km2 within the alpine permafrost zone. Temperature measured at the ice–rock interface is indeed largely negative. Thinness of ice aprons coupled with the cold context implies a quasi-stationary shear regime without basal Sliding. Only ice at the surface can possibly melt in warm periods. After a shrinking period from the end of the Little Ice Age to the mid-to-late-1960s, ice aprons experienced a short period of expansion, followed by an accelerated shrinkage since the beginning of the 21st century. This shrinkage now favours rockfall triggering and poses a serious threat to a glaciological heritage since ice aprons host several-thousand-year-old ice. Finally, we synthesize this information to assess the existing definition of ice aprons, and propose some future research directions.
Evidencia arqueométrica del uso del manganeso en artefactos asociados a la cultura Chinchorro
Authors: Arriaza Bernardo , Ogalde Juan Pablo , Gutiérrez Sebastián , Cárcamo José , Standen Vivien , Figueroa Tagle Leonardo
Published: May 2023

Se presentan los resultados de fluorescencia de rayos-X realizados a 12 artefactos provenientes de contextos funerarios Chinchorro, Arica, norte de Chile, focalizándose la discusión en el manganeso (Mn). La muestra con mayor concentración de Mn fue analizada con espectrometría Raman, para avanzar en la identificación estructural del cromóforo negro correspondiente. Todos los artefactos dieron positivo para la presencia de Mn con un rango de 1,11%-63,66%, considerándose antrópico sobre 2% (83,33% del total) y el pigmento analizado fue identificado como criptomelano y goetita.
Stages of capitalist development and maximum marine plastic pollution
Authors: Jacques Peter J.
Published: May 2023

Marine plastic pollution (MPP) has become ubiquitous in the oceans and is damaging human health, ecosystems, and economies which has resulted in a mandate for a new binding plastics treaty. What would an effective treaty look like? What explains this relatively new global crisis? This review article argues that the work of Karl Polanyi and stage theory can put the MPP problem into context and illuminate requirements of an effective treaty. Polanyi argued that if market society did not restrain the capitalist use of land (nature), labor, and money it would destroy itself and MPP will only be solved if these social and environmental protections restrain capital. Stage theory looks at the evolving expressions of capitalism in distinct historical periods to provide context for the global economy and implies a structural remedy for the plastics in the ocean. In particular, the post-War Fordist stage introducing mass production and the following post-Fordist neoliberal period witnessed progressively thinned restraints on capital and the global plastic flow is a function of these changes over time resulting in continuously increasing MPP.
Tapping into natural history collections to assess latitudinal gradients of parasite diversity
Authors: Botero-Cañola Sebastian , Gardner Scott L.
Published: May 2023

Parasites are key components of the biosphere not only due to their huge diversity, but also because they exert important influences on ecological processes. Nevertheless, we lack an understanding of the biogeographical patterns of parasite diversity. Here, we tap into the potential of biodiversity collections for understanding parasite biogeography. We assess species richness of supracommunities of helminth parasites infecting mammal assemblages in the Nearctic, and describe its relation to latitude, climate, host diversity, and land area. We compiled data from parasitology collections and assessed parasite diversity in Nearctic ecoregions for the entire parasite supracommunity of mammals in each ecoregion, as well as separately from carnivores and rodents to explore the effect of host taxonomic resolution on observed patterns. For carnivores, we found evidence of a negative latitudinal gradient, while parasites of rodents displayed no clear pattern. We found that parasite diversity was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and negatively correlated with seasonal precipitation. Parasite richness shows a diversity peak at intermediate host richness values and in carnivores correlates with temperature and seasonal precipitation. Rodent parasite diversity did not correlate with explored factors. Other researchers are encouraged to use parasitology collections to continue exploring patterns of parasite biogeography and macroecology.
Anatomical, phenological and genetic aspects of the host–parasite relationship betweenAndrena vaga(Hymenoptera) andStylops ater(Strepsiptera)
Authors: Hoffmann Marc , Gardein Hanna , Greil Henri , Erler Silvio
Published: May 2023

Stylops ateris an endoparasite of the mining beeAndrena vagawith extreme sexual dimorphism and hypermetamorphosis. Its population structure, parasitization mode, genetic diversity and impact on host morphology were examined in nesting sites in Germany to better understand this highly specialized host–parasite interaction. The shift in host emergence due to stylopization was proven to be especially strong inA. vaga. Around 10% of bees hosted more than 1Stylops, with at maximum 4. A trend inStylops' preference for hosts of their own sex and a sex-specific position of extrusion from the host abdomen was found. Invasion ofAndrenaeggs byStylopsprimary larvae was depicted for the first time. Cephalothoraces of femaleStylopswere smaller in male and pluristylopized hosts, likely due to lower nutrient supply. The genesH3,18Sandcytochrome c oxidase subunit 1were highly conserved, revealing near-absence of local variation withinStylops. Ovaries of hosts with maleStylopscontained poorly developed eggs while those of hosts with femaleStylopswere devoid of visible eggs, which might be due to a higher protein demand of femaleStylops. MaleStylops, which might have a more energy-consuming development, led to a reduction in head width of their hosts. Host masculinization was present in the leaner shape of the metabasitarsus of stylopized females and is interpreted as a by-product of manipulation of the host's endocrine system to shift its emergence. Stylopization intensified tergal hairiness, most strongly in hosts with femaleStylops, near the point of parasite extrusion, hinting towards substance-induced host manipulation.
Character Strengths and Resilience in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lapierre Sylvie , Chauvette Sarah , Bolduc Leonye , Adams-Lemieux Meagan , Boller Benjamin , Desjardins Sophie
Published: May 2023

During the pandemic, older adults were perceived as a vulnerable group without considering their various strengths. This study explored the associations between character strengths and resilience, and verified if some of these could predict resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 92 participants (women = 79.1%), ≥ 70 years of age (mean = 75.6 years), completed an online version of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths – Positively keyed (VIA-IS-P) to assess 24 character strengths (grouped under six virtues) and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale. Results showed that 20 of the 24 strengths correlated positively and significantly with resilience. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the virtues of courage and transcendence, as well as attitudes toward aging, uniquely predicted the level of resilience. Interventions should be developed to improve certain strengths (e.g., creativity, zest, hope, humor, and curiosity), while reducing ageism, in order to promote resilience.
Measuring the Autonomic Nervous System as a Window Into the Mind and Brain
Authors: Ishikawa Mitsuhiko
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Throughout the history of psychophysiology, measures of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) have contributed to understanding psychological states and cognitive processing. Due to recent advances in brain imaging techniques, brain mapping of cognitive functions has been clarified. However, ANS measurements still have advantages in psychological research. In this paper, characteristics of ANS measurements are briefly summarized and results in psychophysiological studies are introduced. This paper describes methodologies for heart rate, skin conductance, pupil diameter, and eye blinks, which have been used in many psychophysiological studies. These measurements have been known to reflect activities in the ANS, however, each measure has a different sensitivity and validity to psychological states and cognitive processes. In general, the ANS measurements have advantages in the simplicity of data collection, which contributes to testing with a variety of participants regardless of age, tasks, and accessibility for students and early career researchers. However, interpreting the results of psychophysiological studies in line with cognitive processing, experimental designs, and paradigms requires extensive consideration. By using appropriate ANS measures in psychophysiological experiments, these methods contribute to our understanding of the mind and brain.
The Effectiveness of Improving Flight Passengers’ Safety	Behaviors by Modifying Auditory Cues
Authors: Li Tianhua , Carstens Deborah S. , Wheeler Brooke E.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of the intensive auditory cues on passengers’ performance and annoyance. It is critical to draw flight passengers’ attention and help them be aware of the importance of safety instructions. A total of 46 simulations were conducted to collect participants’ performance and annoyance when hearing auditory cues. The findings demonstrated that passengers performed significantly better when hearing the intensive auditory cues with moderately high perceived urgency levels (PULs), whereas a low or an exceedingly high PUL of auditory cues impaired their performance. Participants also reported significantly higher annoyance with more intensive auditory cues. The current study suggested that the manipulation of PULs of auditory cues could improve passengers’ safety.
Importance in Shifting Circulation Patterns for Dry Season Moisture Sources in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Mu Ye , Biggs Trent W. , Jones Charles
Published: May 2023

Water is redistributed from evaporation sources to precipitation sinks through atmospheric moisture transport. In the Brazilian Amazon, the spatial and temporal variability of dry season moisture sources for key agricultural regions has not been investigated. This study investigates moisture sources for dry season rainfall in the state of Rondônia in Brazil, especially during drought years. Using a precipitationshed framework, we quantified the variability of moisture contributions to rainfall in the state of Rondônia (Brazilian Amazon) and the influence of synoptic circulation patterns. Ocean evaporation accounts for 58% of mean dry season precipitation while continental recycling contributed 42%. During drought years, although forests maintain or increase evapotranspiration, the moisture contribution of both ocean and forests to dry season rainfall decreases due to the synoptic circulation changes, reducing the moisture transport into Rondônia.
Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: updated results from IKEMA, a randomized Phase 3 study
Authors: Martin Thomas , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Mikhael Joseph , Yong Kwee , Capra Marcelo , Facon Thierry , Hajek Roman , Špička Ivan , Baker Ross , Kim Kihyun , Martinez Gracia , Min Chang-Ki , Pour Ludek , Leleu Xavier , Oriol Albert , Koh Youngil , Suzuki Kenshi , Casca France , Macé Sandrine , Risse Marie-Laure , Moreau Philippe
Published: May 2023

Longer-term outcomes with the anti-CD38 antibody isatuximab in combination with carfilzomib-dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) were evaluated in the randomized Phase 3 trial IKEMA (NCT03275285), in a prespecified, follow-up analysis of progression-free survival (PFS, primary study endpoint), final complete response (CR) using Hydrashift Isa immunofixation assay, minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, and safety. Enrolled patients had relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (1–3 prior treatment lines). Isa 10 mg/kg was administered intravenously weekly in cycle 1 then biweekly. Efficacy analyses were performed in the intent-to-treat population (Isa-Kd: n = 179, Kd: n = 123) and safety evaluated in treated patients (Isa-Kd: n = 177, Kd: n = 122). Consistent with the primary interim analysis, the addition of Isa to Kd prolonged PFS (HR 0.58, 95.4% CI: 0.42–0.79; median PFS 35.7 [95% CI: 25.8–44.0] vs 19.2 [95% CI: 15.8–25.0] months). PFS benefit was observed with Isa-Kd across subgroups, including patients with poor prognosis. The stringent CR/CR rate was 44.1% vs 28.5% (odds-ratio: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.26–3.48), the MRD negativity rate 33.5% vs 15.4% (odds-ratio: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.55–4.99) and the MRD negativity CR rate 26.3% vs 12.2%, with Isa-Kd vs Kd. The safety profile of Isa-Kd was similar to that reported in the prior interim analysis. These findings further support Isa-Kd as a standard-of-care treatment for relapsed multiple myeloma patients.

Clinical trial information: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03275285.
Insights into coverage-affected selective catalytic oxidation of ethylene on Ag(111) from comprehensive microkinetic analyses
Authors: Wang Zhuozheng , Xie Wenbo , Xu Yarong , Jia Menglei , Xu Jiayan , Hu P.
Published: May 2023

A full kinetic simulation under industrial conditions was conducted based on DFT coverage-dependent modeling.
Amine-assisted catechol-based nanocoating on ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles for high-resolution T1 angiography
Authors: Kim Hyunhong , Woo Sunyoung , Jung Hoesu , Ahn Hyo-Suk , Chen Ning , Cho HyungJoon , Park Jongnam
Published: May 2023

A catechol based polyethyleneglycol brush polymer was nano-coated on ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles through amine mediated redox modulation of catechol. High-resolution in vivo T1 angiography with a long circulation time was achieved.
Sensitive determination of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in wastewater by solid-phase extraction with pre-column derivatization and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Jianghua , Zang Yuanshuai , Chen Mengyi , Shi Chen , Zhang Manlei , Di Bin , Jiang Cheng
Published: May 2023

This work describes a sensitive method that enables the measurement of sub-1 ng L−1 THC-COOH concentrations in wastewater by LC/MS-MS.
Cobalt(ii) coordination to an N4-acenaphthene-based ligand and its sodium complex
Authors: Khrizanforova Vera V. , Fayzullin Robert R. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Morozov Vladimir I. , Batulin Ruslan G. , Gerasimova Tatiana P. , Islamov Daut R. , Budnikova Yulia H.
Published: May 2023

The coordination diversity of a novel N4-ligand and its sodium complex toward cobalt(ii) ions was studied.
A mixed-ligand Co(ii) MOF synthesized from a single organic ligand to capture iodine and methyl iodide vapour
Authors: Lin Yilong , Zeng Panyu , Wang Die , Li Tian-Tian , Wu Liang-Hua , Zheng Sheng-Run
Published: May 2023

A mixed-ligand metal–organic framework constructed by a “partialin situreaction strategy” from a single organic ligand showed the ability for iodine and methyl iodide adsorption.
Maternal supplementation with human milk-derived Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WLPL04 affects the immunity and gut microbiota of offspring rats
Authors: Zhong Changcheng , Wang Qianhui , He Yao , Zhao Xiangxiang , Wang Yanghong , He Lihua , Wei Hua , Tao Xueying
Published: May 2023

Pregnancy and lactation are a window period during which interventions on mothers bring beneficial effects to newborns.
Co-delivery of a tumor microenvironment-responsive disulfiram prodrug and CuO2 nanoparticles for efficient cancer treatment
Authors: Cheng Fen-Ting , Geng Ya-Di , Liu Yun-Xiao , Nie Xuan , Zhang Xin-Ge , Chen Zhao-Lin , Tang Li-Qin , Wang Long-Hai , You Ye-Zi , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2023

A functional nanoplatform Cu@P–B was constructed, which could release disulfiram prodrug and CuO2 to generate the poisonous copper complex and elevate ROS to kill tumor cells, providing a new perspective in cancer therapy.
Mass calibrants for positive chemical ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (CI-HRMS) for the identification of unknown compounds using accurate mass measurements
Authors: Nehmeh Bilal , Haydous Fatima , Akoury Elias
Published: May 2023

Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) is still the most routinely performed method for metabolite profiling as compared to other hyphenated techniques.
Remarkable iodine uptake by aniline-based macrocyclic arenes through a reverse dissolution mechanism
Authors: Jin Pengyue , Liang Wenting , Rong Yanqin , Wu Wuanhua , Gou Min , Tang Yueqin , Yang Cheng
Published: May 2023

Following a reverse dissolution mechanism, aniline-based macrocyclic arenes show significant iodine uptake capacities, fast uptake kinetics and good recyclability.
A sufficient condition for restoring sparse vectors from ℓ1−ℓ2$\ell _1-\ell _2$‐minimization with cumulative coherence
Authors: Xie Youwei , Zhang Meijiao , Xie Shaohua
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on the compressed sensing ‐minimization model and develops new bounds on cumulative coherence . It is pointed out that if cumulative coherence satisfies Equation (2) or (11), then the sparse signal can stably recover in noise model and exactly recover in free noise by ‐minimization model.
Survival of 2nd trimester pregnant patient and di-di twin on COVID-19 ECMO
Authors: Lee Yookwi , Nassar Kholoud , Parikh Atit
Published: May 2023

A 35-year-old unvaccinated woman, pregnant with twins at 22 weeks and 5 days of gestation presented with worsening hypoxia, due to COVID-19 pneumonia (PNA) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The patient was placed on V-V ECMO (veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and delivered twin babies by cesarean section (C-section) at 23 weeks and 5 days of gestation. The patient was successfully weaned off ECMO 42 days after initiation, and the twins were also extubated in NICU.
Machine learning efficiently unearths behavior of water
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: May 2023

A machine-learning tool based on quantum chemical methods provides new insights into water’s transition from liquid to vapor.
Assessment of trace element content throughout the white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming cycle
Authors: Matos Wladiana O. , da Silva Francisco L. F. , Sinaviwat Savarin , Raab Andrea , Krupp Eva M. , Lopes Gisele S. , Nogueira Ana R. A. , Feldmann Joerg
Published: May 2023

Environmental context Intensive aquaculture is the main source of fisheries products. Thus, investigating the food safety of these products and the environmental impacts of the farms on mangroves is necessary. A shrimp productive cycle was evaluated with a focus on trace element accumulation in shrimps and effluent. The results revealed secure levels of elements in the final product; however, the effluent produced in farms is an important source of contamination to mangrove environment. Rationale Aquaculture systems have increased in the last years due to the high demand for seafood consumption, this could impact the environment and subject fisheries to accumulation of toxic elements. To understand some parameters of food safety and environmental impact, the present study evaluated the concentration of trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, V and Zn) throughout the production cycle of shrimp. Methodology About 50 shrimps per cycle were collected in a shrimp farm in Brazil and their trace element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma–tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) and microwave-induced plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (MIP-OES). Results At their final lifecycle stage, shrimp samples present a content (mg g−1) of elements following the trend: Cu (102 ± 12) > Al (20.06 ± 4.24) > Zn (14.82 ± 2.46) > Mn (6.24 ± 0.94) > As (2.65 ± 0.42) > Se (0.932 ± 0.140) > Co (0.380 ± 0.05) > Mo (0.254 ± 0.03) > V (0.204 ± 0.02). Discussion The content of Cd and Pb are in allowance with Brazil and USA legislation for crustaceans, however, the content of As is 3–4-fold higher than that allowed by guidelines in all stages of the growth of the shrimp. The final effluent of the shrimp’s pond into the mangroves shows a high mass fraction of Zn and Mn that could be a source of contamination. Some correlations between some elements in the shrimp samples were found, such as As–Se, Se–Co and Se–V. This study was a scoping experiment to study the content of trace elements throughout the farming cycle of shrimps, encouraging the researcher to undergo a wide survey to evaluate the environmental impact of aquaculture shrimp farming.
Biofilms and contact lenses: problems and solutions
Authors: Willcox Mark D. P. , Bahatheg Ghayah , Carnt Nicole , Kalaiselvan Parthasarathi , Kumar Naresh , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Rayamajhee Binod , Sara Manjulatha , Stapleton Fiona , Vijay Ajay K. , Yasir Muhammad , Yu Tsz Tin
Published: May 2023

Contact lenses provide excellent vision correction for many people worldwide. However, they can become colonised by microorganisms and this can result in infections and inflammatory responses at the surface of the eye during wear. If not quickly and appropriately treated, the infections can lead to loss of vision and even loss of the eye. The microorganisms, most commonly bacteria, that colonise the lenses can form biofilms on the lenses. For the past 25 years, we have been studying the epidemiology of contact lens-related infection and inflammation, the causative organisms, risk factors for developing the conditions, and new ways of reducing biofilm formation. This article provides an overview of this research.
Populist radical right beyond Europe
Authors: Balta Evren
Published: May 2023

Turkey’s Justice and Development Party (AKP) is one of the longest ruling among contemporary populist radical
right parties (PRR). For nearly two decades, the AKP has shown tremendous success in achieving electoral dominance and political
control. This article argues that AKP’s success lies in its ability to reconfigure the issue salience in Turkish politics by
bringing the secular-conservative cleavage into the center of political competition. However, as this article shows, while the
government’s framing of conservative/religious values was initially populist, as the Party consolidated its power, populism became
secondary to nativism. This nativist turn is characterized by an emphasis on the foreignness of “the elites” and is shaped by
secularization of the public sphere and antiwesternism. Overall, AKP has not presented a fundamental opposition to the
“establishment” but brought together many components of Turkey’s institutional and cultural structure and radicalized patterns
already present in earlier eras.
Integrated modeling of cracking during deep penetration laser welding of nickel alloys
Authors: Gao M. Z. , Mondal B. , Palmer T. A. , Zhang W. , DebRoy T.
Published: May 2023

During deep penetration laser welding of nickel alloys, interactions between composition and processing conditions can lead to the formation of defects. Inconel 740H, for example, has demonstrated a susceptibility to horizontal fusion zone cracking at locations between 70% and 80% of the weld depth during laser welding at powers above 5 kW. Coupling three-dimensional heat transfer, fluid flow, and stress modeling tools allowed that both the strain rate and stress normal to the solidification direction to be calculated. In the Inconel 740H welds, cracks formed at locations where the strain rate and stress simultaneously reached critical levels. No cracking was observed in the Inconel 690 welds, since the strain rate and stress did not simultaneously reach these critical levels.
On unifying randomized methods for inverse problems
Authors: Wittmer Jonathan , Krishnanunni C G , Nguyen Hai V , Bui-Thanh Tan
Published: May 2023

This work unifies the analysis of various randomized methods for solving linear and nonlinear inverse problems with Gaussian priors by framing the problem in a stochastic optimization setting. By doing so, we show that many randomized methods are variants of a sample average approximation (SAA). More importantly, we are able to prove a single theoretical result that guarantees the asymptotic convergence for a variety of randomized methods. Additionally, viewing randomized methods as an SAA enables us to prove, for the first time, a single non-asymptotic error result that holds for randomized methods under consideration. Another important consequence of our unified framework is that it allows us to discover new randomization methods. We present various numerical results for linear, nonlinear, algebraic, and PDE-constrained inverse problems that verify the theoretical convergence results and provide a discussion on the apparently different convergence rates and the behavior for various randomized methods.
Stability impacts from the current and pressure profile modifications within finite sized island
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Hu Di
Published: May 2023

The stability (or instability) of finite sized magnetic island could play a significant role in disruption avoidance or disruption mitigation dynamics. Especially, various current and pressure profile modifications, such as the current drive and heating caused by electron cyclotron wave, or the radiative cooling and current expulsion caused by the shattered pellet injection could be applied within the island to modify its stability, thus changing the ensuing dynamics. In this study, we calculate the mode structure modification caused by such profile changes within the island using the perturbed equilibrium approach, thus obtain the change of stability criterion Δ′ and assess the corresponding quasi-linear island stability. The positive helical current perturbation is found to always stabilize the island, while the negative one is found to do the opposite, in agreement with previous results. The pressure bump or hole within the island has a more complicated stability impact. In the small island regime, its contribution is monotonic, with pressure bump that tends to stabilize the island while pressure hole destabilizes it. This effect is relatively weak, though, due to the cancellation of the pressure term’s odd parity contribution in the second derivatives of the mode structure. In the large island regime, such cancellation is broken due to the island asymmetry, and the pressure contribution to stability is manifested, which is non-monotonic. The stability analysis in this paper helps to more accurately clarify the expected island response in the presence of profile modifications caused by disruption avoidance or mitigation systems.
Asymmetric scattering behaviors of spin wave dependent on magnetic vortex chirality
Authors: Zhang 张 Xue-Feng 雪枫 , Shim 沈 Je-Ho 帝虎 , Ma 马 Xiao-Ping 晓萍 , Song 宋 Cheng 成 , Yu 于 Haiming 海明 , Piao 朴 Hong-Guang 红光
Published: May 2023

We investigate asymmetric spin wave scattering behaviors caused by vortex chirality in a cross-shaped ferromagnetic system by using the micromagnetic simulations. In the system, four scattering behaviors are found: (i) asymmetric skew scattering, depending on the polarity of vortex core, (ii) back scattering (reflection), depending on the vortex core stiffness, (iii) side deflection scattering, depending on structural symmetry of the vortex circulation, and (iv) geometrical scattering, depending on waveguide structure. The first and second scattering behaviors are attributed to nonlinear topological magnon spin Hall effect related to magnon spin-transfer torque effect, which has value for magnonic exploration and application.
Chiral current regulation and detection of Berry phase in triangular triple quantum dots
Authors: Qi Yue , Liu Yi-Ming , Wang Yuan-Dong , Wei Jian-Hua , Zhu Zhen-Gang
Published: May 2023

Based on the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) calculation, we theoretically investigate the corresponding control of a triangular triple-quantum-dots (TTQD) ring which is connected to two reservoirs. We initially demonstrate by adding bias voltage and further adjusting the coupling strength between quantum dots, the chiral current induced by bias will go through a transformation of clockwise to counterclockwise direction and an unprecedented effective Hall angle will be triggered. The transformation is very rapid, with a corresponding characteristic time of 80–200 ps. In addition, by adding a magnetic flux to compensate for the chiral current in the original system, we elucidate the relationship between the applied magnetic flux and the Berry phase, which can realize direct measurement of the chiral current and reveal the magnetoelectric coupling relationship.
Systematic analysis of strange single heavy baryons
and
*
Authors: Li Zhen-Yu , Yu Guo-Liang , Wang Zhi-Gang , Gu Jian-Zhong , Lu Jie , Shen Hong-Tao
Published: May 2023

Motivated by the experimental progress in the study of heavy baryons, we investigate the mass spectra of strange single heavy baryons in the λ-mode, using the relativistic quark model and the infinitesimally shifted Gaussian basis function method. We show that experimental results are well captured using the predicted masses. The root mean square radii and radial probability density distributions of the wave functions are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the mass spectra allow us to successfully construct the Regge trajectories in the

plane. We also preliminarily assign quantum numbers to the recently observed baryons, including

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

, and

. Finally, the spectral structure of strange single heavy baryons is discussed. Accordingly, we predict several new baryons that may be observed in forthcoming experiments.
Analysis of the characteristics of the insulation shear belt and the cause of its formation during the failure of the degenerator
Authors: Zhang Z W , Zhang X J , Wang F , Liu S F , Yuan Y J , Wang F , Geng W Y , Zhang Y
Published: May 2023

This paper studies the characteristics of the insulation shear belt produced by the fracture of the vents of the gunhead desceptor and the reasons for its formation when the shell is fired. The results show that: During the explosion, the rupture of the degenerator belongs to the ligament fracture, and the insulation shear belt produced at the time of the break plays the role of “prefabricated crack”. The smaller the microstructure and grain of alloy steel, the easier it is to promote the production of insulation shear belt.
The Vibration Response of the Helicopter Coupling with Aircraft Gun
Authors: Liu J , Zhou F M
Published: May 2023

The vibration response characteristics of the helicopter due to the launching load of the aircraft gun has been studied. Based on the finite element method, a fully coupled dynamics analysis model by considering the helicopter and aircraft gun was constructed. The effect of the aircraft gun launching load on the vibration response of the helicopter was analyzed with the different firing angles of the gun. The results show that the front-back and up-down vibration of the airframe is greatly affected by the elevating firing angles, and the left-right vibration displacement is greatly affected by the azimuth firing angle. The front-back and up-down vibration of the helicopter decreases with the increase of the azimuth firing angle, and the left-right vibration displacement increases with the azimuth firing angle. When the elevating firing angles are at the two limit firing angles of +10 degree and -60 degree, the vibration direction at the same position of the airframe is opposite. The results are useful for the control of airframe vibration and the dynamic matching between the airframe and the gun.
Epoxy Value Measurement of Epoxy Resin TDE-85 by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Titration Methods
Authors: Gong W , Liu X , Zhao XG , Lv H , Yao XX
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the epoxy value of epoxy resin TDE-85 was measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and tetraethylammonium bromide titration. Comparisons of the measurement results and repeatability of the two methods show that the NMR spectroscopy can be used to measure the epoxy value of epoxy resin TDE-85. However, because of the high requirements for sample purity, when testing TDE-85 containing impurities, the measurement repeatability of NMR spectroscopy is worse than that of tetraethylammonium bromide titration.
PID control parameter optimization of servo system based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Liu M , Li C , Lei Y , Dai P
Published: May 2023

Thermal power servo system is a typical servo system, the controller as the main component, its parameters decide the control performance of the servo system, The traditional Z-N PID parameter setting method is often unable to achieve the best control performance. The author proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which uses the integrated performance index time and error absolute value product integral ITAE as the fitness function and applies it to PID control parameter optimization. The model is built in MATLAB/Simulink for analysis and comparision. The results display that the PSO algorithm is characterized by simple principle, few parameters, easy implementation and fast sensitization speed.
Study on Equipment Support Capability Assessment Method Based on Neural Network
Authors: Tianci Zhang , Yongyong Wei
Published: May 2023

The performance of military equipment keeps improving, and troops are equipped with more and more sophisticated weapons and equipment, highlighting the importance of equipment maintenance and support. Without strong equipment support capability, it is impossilbe to cope with the fast-paced and high-intensity modern warfare, and to effectively give play to the role and advantages of equipment systems integration. Therefore, it is of great significance to have a profound study of and improve the equipment support capability assessment method. Based on requirement analysis, we built an equipment support capability assessment indicator system of the Army Digital Medium-sized Synthetic Brigade in cross-domain operations. The weight of the assessment indicator system was determined using the AHP analytic hierarchy process. The equipment support capability assessment model was constructed. With the data obtained from the exercises using real equipment and system-of-systems (SoS) countermeasure simulation tests, we completed the assessment of the equipment support capability of the Synthetic Brigade using neural network algorithms.
Measuring and assessing well-being: A cross-sectional study of first- to third-year student pharmacists
Authors: Thurston Maria Miller , Geresu Niaima , Mayberry Katelynn
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Stress may negatively influence the health and academic performance of healthcare professional students and correlates with stress and burnout as a healthcare professional. This study measured student pharmacist well-being and compared the well-being of first- through third-year student pharmacists.

Methods

In fall 2019, the investigators administered an online survey to first- through third-year student pharmacists to assess student pharmacist well-being. Items included the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5) and demographic variables. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Descriptive statistics were used to measure well-being, and a Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to determine whether there were differences between professional years.

Results

Approximately 64.8% of student pharmacists (n = 248 of 383) completed the survey. Overall, 66.1% of respondents were female (n = 164) and 31% of respondents were Caucasian (n =77), while 31% (n =77) were African American; the majority ranged in age from 24 to 29 years. There was not a statistically significant difference in WHO-5 score between the different classes (P = 0.183), with an average WHO-5 score out of 100 of 38.2 for first-year students, 41.2 for second-year students, and 41.04 for third-year students, showing poor well-being for students in all 3 professional years.

Conclusion

Because of emergent evidence of increased stress and negative outcomes in university students, it is imperative that pharmacy programs expand their efforts in assessment of student pharmacist well-being. While this research manuscript revealed poor well-being in all 3 professional years, it did not identify a statistically significant difference in WHO-5 score between classes. Individualized well-being interventions in all professional years may help students improve their well-being.
Digest: Multiple factors influence mountain orchid diversity and distribution
Authors: Phillips Charlotte , Pérez-Escobar Oscar Alejandro , Dodsworth Steven
Published: May 2023

How have orchid species diversified in the campos rupestres, Brazil? Fiorini et al. (2023) use genomic data sets and multidisciplinary approaches, including phylogenetics and population genomics, to investigate the diversity of Bulbophyllum. They demonstrate that geographic isolation alone does not explain diversification patterns in Bulbophyllum species throughout the sky forests. Some taxa show considerable evidence of gene flow, and lineages not previously identified as closely related could present a novel source of their genetic diversity.
Ultrahigh-Temperature Anatexis of Greywackic Granulites Generates Peraluminous Charnockites in the Jining Complex, North China Craton
Authors: Wang Bin , Wei Chunjing , Tian Wei
Published: May 2023

Charnockites form an important component of the lower continental crust. Quantitative investigation on the properties of magmas that can stabilize orthopyroxene at solidi is crucial to understanding the petrogenesis of igneous charnockites. This study has performed detailed petrologic analyses and thermodynamic constraints on the Paleoproterozoic high-maficity (FeOT + MgO = 5–14 wt%) and peraluminous charnockites from the Jining Complex in the North China Craton. These charnockites occur as intrusions in granulite facies terranes and contain the mineral assemblages including prevalent perthitic/antiperthitic feldspars and garnet with minor biotite (usually less than ~5 vol%) beside orthopyroxene. The Jining charnockitic magmas were ascertained to have ultrahigh temperatures up to 1050–1100°C, poor H2O contents around 0.14–0.42 wt% and limited aluminum saturation indexes (ASIs) of 1.0–1.3. The stabilization of orthopyroxene at the solidus is attributed to low magmatic H2O contents and ASIs, which have maxima of 1.2 wt% and 1.5, respectively, and are positively correlated to bulk-rock maficity. Such charnockitic magmas could not release H2O-rich fluids near solidi, as the H2O is buffered by the orthopyroxene–biotite pair. Moreover, combined geochemical discrimination and progressive melting modelling reveal that the Jining charnockites were generated by partial melting of a greywackic granulite source, with about 15%–40% entrainment of solid phases in mushy magmas. The melting occurs at temperatures as high as 1050–1100°C, obviously beyond biotite stabilities, and involves quartz, feldspars and garnet as melting reactants, which differs from the previous proposition that peraluminous charnockites are related to biotite dehydration melting. The resultant magmas are substantially enriched in maficity and depleted in H2O due to both the melt compositions per se and the high entraining capability. Such peraluminous charnockite plutons massively emplaced in granulite facies terranes indicate post-orogenic ultrahigh-temperature anatexis of metasedimentary rocks in conditions close to the crustal dry solidus.