bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prediction of Needle Penetration Force in Woven Denim Fabrics Using Soft Computing Models
Authors: Haghighat Ezzatollah , Najar Saeed Shaikhzadeh , Etrati Seyed Mohammad
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper was to predict the needle penetration force in denim fabrics based on sewing parameters by using the fuzzy logic (FL) model. Moreover, the performance of fuzzy logic model is compared with that of the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The needle penetration force was measured on the Instron tensile tester. In order to plan the fuzzy logic model, the sewing needle size, number of fabric layers and fabric weight were taken into account as input parameters. The output parameter is needle penetration force. In addition, the same parameters and data are used in artificial neural network model. The results indicate that the needle penetration force can be predicted in terms of sewing parameters by using the fuzzy logic model. The difference between performance of fuzzy logic and neural network models is not meaningful ( RFL=0.971 and RANN=0.982). It is concluded that soft computing models such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural network can be utilized to forecast the needle penetration force in denim fabrics. Using the fuzzy logic model for predicting the needle penetration force in denim fabrics can help the garment manufacturer to acquire better knowledge about the sewing process. As a result, the sewing process may be improved, and also the quality of denim apparel increased.
Comparison of Bio and Eco-technologies with Chemical Methods for Pre-treatment of Flax Fibers: Impact on Fiber Properties
Authors: Camano Sabela , Behary Nemeshwaree , Vroman Philippe , Campagne Christine
Published: November 2018

Flax fibers, available as fiber bundles, are commonly used as fiber reinforcement in composite materials as a substitute for glass fibers. Pre-treatments are often necessary for improving fiber-resin adhesion, and also to facilitate fiber elementarization, and to improve fiber ability to be implemented in mechanical processes limiting fiber damages.

This paper focuses on the impact of biotechnologies (effect of 2 different enzymes: a pectate lyase and a laccase) and of an ecotechnology (ultrasound with ethanol), compared to classical chemical pre-treatments (using aqueous NaOH and ammonia) on the final flax fiber bundle properties, before and after a carding process.

Fiber surface properties (wettability and/or zeta potential values), fiber elementarization and mechanical properties vary with the type of treatment (chemical nature of product and conditions used). Fibers elementarised using pectate lyase and ultrasound/ethanol have a hydrophilic surface and a high water absorption capacity, and are also of highest quality in terms of increased fineness. Treatment with NaOH yields the poorest fiber bundle tenacity. Laccase enzyme yields long thick hydrophobic fibers having very low water absorption capacity, and the most neutral surface charge.

Properties of flax fibers can be easily monitored using different pre-treatments resulting in fibers which would be suited for various final applications.
Application of Nano Silver/Lecithin on Wool through Various Methods: Antibacterial Properties and Cell Toxicity
Authors: Barani Hossein , Montazer Majid , Samadi Nasrin , Toliyat Tayebeh , Zadeh Mohsen Khorashadi , de Smeth Boudewijn
Published: November 2018

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with lecithin through a simple chemical reduction method. The prepared AgNPs/lecithin was then loaded into the wool fabric by exhaustion and pad-dry-cure methods. The surface morphology of the loaded wool fabrics was characterized by low-voltage scanning electron microscopy, and the loading efficiency was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Further, the effect of the different lecithin concentrations was examined on the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and color of the loaded wool fabrics. The loaded fabric with AgNPs at a higher lecithin ratio presented higher antibacterial activity due to the higher loading efficiency and smaller nanoparticle size. Also, the morphology of the fibroblast cells in cytotoxicity test was not changed in presence of extracted solution from the treated wool fabrics with different lecithin concentration.
Ranking Alternatives in Rotor-Spun Knitting Process Using Extended VIKOR on Interval Data
Authors: Fallahpour Alireza , Olugu Ezutah Udoncy , Moghassem Abdolrasool , Musa Siti Nurmaya
Published: November 2018

Assigning precise values for attributes in most engineering applications is almost impossible. It is therefore necessary to consider yarn properties as intervals. Hence, an extended version of VIKOR was employed in this study to select suitable spinning conditions for the weft knitting process among feasible alternatives. Three variables in rotor-spun box were considered and their performances were evaluated based on seven quality parameters using 16 yarn samples. The final ranking was presented according to the relative closeness coefficient of the ideal solution. Consequently, stability of the proposed final ranking was verified.
Characteristics of Knitted Structures Produced by Engineered Polyester Yarns and Their Blends in Terms of Thermal Comfort
Authors: Oğlakcioğlu Nida , Çay Ahmet , Marmarali Arzu , Mert Emel
Published: November 2018

Engineered yarns are used to provide better clothing comfort for summer garments because of their high levels of moisture and water vapor management. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of knitted structures that were produced using different types of polyester yarns in order to achieve better thermal comfort properties for summer clothing. However they are relatively expensive. Therefore, in this study engineered polyester yarns were combined with cotton and lyocell yarns by plying. This way, the pronounced characteristics of these yarns were added to the knitted structure as well. Channeled polyester, hollow polyester, channeled/hollow blended polyester, cotton, and lyocell yarns were plied with each other and themselves. Then, single jersey structures were knitted using these ply yarn combinations and air permeability, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, water vapor permeability, moisture management, and drying properties were tested. The results indicate that channeled PES fabrics are advantageous for hot climates and high physical activities with regards to high permeability and moisture transfer and also to fast drying properties. Besides, air permeability and thermal properties improved through the combination of lyocell yarn with engineered polyester yarns. However, the use of lyocell or cotton with engineered yarns resulted in a to a decrease in moisture management properties and an increase in drying times
Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Fibers Extracted from Juncus Acutus L Plant: Application for the Adsorption of Anionic Dyes from Wastewaters
Authors: Ghali Amel El , Hassen Baouab Mohamed , Sadok Roudesli Mohamed
Published: November 2018

New amine-functionalized adsorbent was prepared by chemical modification of cellulose fibers extracted from Juncus acutus L (Smar) plants in order to be used as chelating support for the removal of copper ions (Cu (II)). Evidence of grafting DiEthyleneTriamine (DET) onto the raw Smar fibers was provided by nitrogen analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra study. The ability of the binary system [Cu(II)/DET-Smar] for binding Acid Blue 25 (AB25) was then investigated in batch process. Equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Jossens models. The obtained results reveal that the adsorption of AB25 onto [Cu (II)/DET-Smar] complex show good compliance with the Jossens isotherm. Various thermodynamic activation parameters were estimated and it was found that the adsorption was spontaneous and follows an exothermic process.
Multi Response Optimization for Bursting Strength and Pill Density of Lacoste Fabrics
Authors: Pamuk Gulsah
Published: November 2018

Bursting strength and pilling tendency are two major quality characteristics of knitted fabrics. In this study, optimum yarn twist and loop length values that make bursting strength maximum and pilling performance minimum at the same time are calculated by using the desirability function technique, a kind of multi response optimization method. Good quality solutions were obtained with reduced number of experiments needed to provide sufficient information for statistically acceptable results.
Effect of Alkaline Degumming on Structure and Properties of Lotus Fibers at Different Growth Period
Authors: Li Fengyan , Fu Hongjun
Published: November 2018

Lotus fibers are pulled from different period of lotus root. Alkaline was used as degumming agent to remove non-cellulose impurities of lotus fibers. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR were used to characterize surface morphology and microscopic structure of lotus fibers before and after degumming. The effect of alkaline degumming on tensile properties of lotus fibers is investigated. The results show that impurities remove, hydrogen bond rupture, and crystallinity of partly armorphous chain occur during alkaline degumming. All of these changes play roles in influencing fiber tensile breaking force and elongation at break.
A New Approach to Determination of the Instability of Air-jet Textured Yarns
Authors: Koc Serpil Koral , Duzyer Sebnem , Hockenberger Asli
Published: November 2018

Determination of the instability of air-jet textured yarns is a very important aspect of their quality characterization. To overcome this problem many researchers have suggested different techniques, however none has been accepted as a standard method. Among all the methods, that suggested by Demir et al. takes attention, since it was improved after investigating the advantages and disadvantages of most of the techniques in use. Recovery from strain measurements are commonly used to get information about fiber molecular structure. In this study, instability of air-jet textured yarns was investigated by using both Demir's instability test method and recovery from strain measurements. It was observed that Demir's method is a practical and reliable way to compare the instability of air-jet textured yarns produced from the same raw material. For comparing different materials it was more beneficial to use recovery from strain measurements.
Prediction of Certain Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Knitted Fabrics from Their Structural Parameters
Authors: Varadaraju R. , Srinivasan J.
Published: November 2018

Knitted fabrics are preferred as clothing materials because of of their outstanding comfort quality. 16 plain knitted fabric samples were produced from 4 combed ring spun yarn of linear densities 29.5 Tex, 23.6, Tex 19.7 Tex and 17.4 Tex and 4 different stitch lengths from each yarn linear density were selected for this study. The fabric samples were relaxed and then tested for tensile shear and bending properties using Kawabata tester's. KES- FB1and KES- FB2. The effect of various fabric structural parameters on fabric low stress mechanical properties was studied. The fabric shear rigidity, bending rigidity, shear hysteresis, bending hysteresis, and tensile linearity were positively correlated with the fabric GSM, thickness, and tightness factor and negatively correlated with fabric linear Stitch modulus, areal stitch modulus, volume stitch modulus, and porosity. The fabric tensile elongation was positively correlated with the fabric linear stitch modulus, areal stitch modulus, volume Stitch modulus, and porosity and negatively correlated with the fabric GSM, thickness, and fabric tightness factor. The above properties were higher in course direction than in wale direction. Separate prediction equations were developed for fabric low stress mechanical properties from Tightness factor, Volume Stitch modulus, and Porosity
Cost and Efficiency Analysis of Commercial Softeners in the Sewability Behavior of Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Vidrago Cândida , Abreu Maria José Araújo Marques , Soares Graça , Carvalho Helder
Published: November 2018

This paper reports a comparative case study on the use of different softening products for bed linen fabrics, specifically regarding the sewability of the fabrics. The market offers a wide variety of commercial formulations of softeners for this purpose, but the composition and price varies considerably. This work was aimed to assess the relationship between the cost and effectiveness of different softener formulations in home textiles finishing. Objectively, the effect of different softeners and their concentrations on sewability of the fabrics was studied. Non-ionic polyethylene dispersions and a cationic silicone softener micro-emulsion in different concentrations and combinations were considered in this investigation. It was found that a combination of silicone and polyethylene based softeners presents the most interesting cost/performance behavior.
Improvement of the Sanitary Property of Microfiber Synthetic Leather Base by PAMAM
Authors: Ren Longfang , Wang Na , Sun Sen , Qiang Taotao , Wang Xuechuan
Published: November 2018

In this paper, polyamidoamine dendrimers were cross-linked to polyamide microfiber synthetic leather base pretreated with sulfuric acid by using glutaraldehyde and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide as crosslinking agents to improve the hygienic properties of the base. Water vapor permeability and moisture absorption were the main performance indicators in this process. The SEM and AFM images of the modified base show that the microfiber pores moderately opened and the fiber became rougher. Contact angle and energy dispersive spectrometer analyses reveal that the hydrophilicity of the modified microfiber base were enhanced and the active groups increased. In addition, the hygienic property of the modified microfiber base significantly improved, and its physical properties relatively increased.
Effect of Recycled PET Fibers on the Performance Properties of Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Telli Abdurrahman , Özdil Nilgün
Published: November 2018

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is mostly used in textile and packaging industries. PET Bottle wastes are separated from other wastes and after that some processes are applied to obtain PET flakes, such as breaking, washing, drying and etc. r-PET fibers are produced by melt spinning method from these recycled PET flakes. r-PET fibers have already been used for secondary textile products like as carpet bottoms, sleeping bags and insulation materials. In this study usability of recycled PET fibers in apparel industry were researched. Comparative investigations of bursting strength, abrasion resistance, air permeability, surface friction, circular bending rigidity and dimensional stability properties were done to knitted fabrics produced from r-PET and blends with PET and cotton fibers. It was found that, instead of PET, r-PET fibers can be blended in certain amounts without compromising fabrics performance.
Synthesis and Application of a Novel Modified Polysiloxane Polymer with High Reaction Activity as Water Repellent Agent for Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Dong Chaohong , Lu Zhou , Zhu Ping , Wang Lei , Zhang Fengjun
Published: November 2018

A novel poly(4-iodobutoxylmethylsiloxane) (PIBMS) water repellent with high reaction activity was synthesized using poly(hydromethylsiloxane) (PHMS), methyl iodide (MeI) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of a catalytic amount of PdCl2. The new chemical active group of PIBMS could covalently bond to the cotton fabric. It is conducive to improve the washability of treated cotton fabric. The structure of PIBMS was confirmed by the FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The PIBMS was applied onto cotton fabric by a pad-dry-cure process. PIBMS was applied to cotton fabrics and the effect of the process parameters on water repellent performance was studied. The morphology of PIBMS polymer film on the cotton fabric was investigated by SEM. The water repellency of treated cotton fabrics before and after vigorous washes was compared. The results show that the water repellent grade of cotton fabric treated with PIBMS was 90. The contact angle of the treated cotton fabric was 136.94°, which was higher than that of the untreated cotton fabric. The water repellent grade of treated cotton fabric was still as high as 80 after 20 times washing. The tear strength and the tensile strength of cotton fabric significantly increased after PIBMS treatment. The air permeability and the water vapor permeability of treated cotton fabric were slightly lower than those of untreated cotton fabrics.
Effect of Different Conditioning Methods on the Properties of Hosiery Yarn and Knitted Fabric
Authors: Hussain Uzair , Irshad Samee , Anam Wardah , Abbasi Hammad , Ahmed Faheem , Jabbar Abdul
Published: November 2018

The research reports the results and investigations made on 20/1 cotton hosiery yarn and knitted fabric to evaluate the effect of different conditioning methods on the mechanical and comfort properties of yarn and fabric, namely, bursting strength, moisture management, thermal conductivity, air permeability, skewness, stiffness, and pilling. The fibers spun on a ring spinning system were investigated as yarn according to ASTM standards. From the results it is concluded that the knitted fabric made from machine conditioning has better mechanical and comfort properties than fabric made through unconditioned and room conditioned yarns.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Wire-Rope Silk Scaffold by Artificial Neural Network in Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering
Authors: Naghashzargar Elham , Semnani Dariush , Karbasi Saeed
Published: November 2018

Finding an appropriate model to assess and evaluate mechanical properties in tissue engineered scaffolds is a challenging issue. In this research, a structurally based model was applied to analyze the mechanics of engineered tendon and ligament. Major attempts were made to find the optimum mechanical properties of silk wire-rope scaffold by using the back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) method. Different samples of wire-rope scaffolds were fabricated according to Taguchi experimental design. The number of filaments and twist in each layer of the four layered wire-rope silk yarn were considered as the input parameters in the model. The output parameters included the mechanical properties which consisted of UTS, elongation at break, and stiffness. Finally, sensitivity analysis on input data showed that the number of filaments and the number of twists in the fourth layer are less important than other input parameters.
Part 1. Predicting the Pilling Tendency of the Cotton Interlock Knitted Fabrics by Regression Analysis
Authors: Kayseri Gonca Özçelik , Kirtay Erhan
Published: November 2018

This study, it was aimed to determine the equations and models for estimating the pilling propensity of interlock knitted fabrics. Seven different cotton blends supplied from different spinning mills, yarns in 3 different yarn counts (Ne 20, Ne 30 and Ne 40) and in 3 different twist coefficients (αe=3.2, 3.6 and 4.0) were produced. Interlock knitted fabrics were manufactured in three different fabric tightness values from each of the produced yarns. The pilling tendencies of the fabrics were tested according to EN ISO 12945–2 standard by a Martindale pilling and abrasion device. The PillGrade Objective Pilling Grading System, based on the image analysis principle, was used for evaluating the pilling propensity of the fabrics. By using this system, the pilling degree of the fabrics, total pill number, total weighted pill number, average pill area, and average pill height of the fabrics were measured. Fiber features determined by an AFIS PRO 2 instrument with the samples taken from the cotton roving were used as independent variables for the regression analysis. Moreover, yarn unevenness, yarn twist, yarn count, yarn hairiness, and fabric cover factor values were included in the equations as independent variables; and by considering each of the pilling features measured by PillGrade as a dependent variable, multivariate linear regression equations were determined and the availability of the equations was investigated in detail statistical analyses.
Effect of Manufacturing Conditions on Structural and Handling Properties of Braided Polyamide Suture
Authors: Debbabi Faten , Abdessalem Saber Ben
Published: November 2018

Suture performances include handling characteristics and knot mechanical properties. These performances depend mainly on frictional, flexural, and compressive forces. The interaction between these forces developed inside the suture knot governs the displacement mode and the deformability of the suture yarn inside the knot. In the present work, we studied the effect of manufacturing conditions on structural properties and handling characteristics. Obtained results show that manufacturing parameters have significant impact on slipperiness, flexibility, and compressibility. Consequently, suture performances widely depend on manufacturing parameters. We show that after a hot stretch step, suture structure becomes more uniform and compact. Furthermore, after this treatment, lateral deformation, friction force, and bending rigidity are reduced and knot performances are improved.
Effects of Electrospinning Solution Properties on Formation of Beads in Tio2 Fibers with PdO Particles
Authors: Shahreen Laila , Chase George G.
Published: November 2018

TiO2 fibers with catalytic PdO particles are of interest for use as porous catalytic converters to react NOx and CO to control air pollution. The fibers are first electrospun as template polymer fibers. The template polymer fibers are calcined to form the ceramic fibers. The electrospinning solution composition significantly affects the average fiber diameter and fiber morphologies (beads) which in turn affect the catalyst performance. In this work, solutions containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide (TTIP), and Palladium (II) Chloride (PdCl2) were electrospun with the goal of fabricating beadless submicron composite fibers. The fibers were calcined to produce ceramic TiO2 submicron fibers with Palladium oxide (PdO) nanoparticles. To determine the solution recipes that form smooth PdO-TiO2 fibers without beads, fibers were electrospun and evaluated from solutions with varied mass concentrations of PVP and PdCl2 salt. The solution concentrations indirectly influenced the electrospinning performance through solution viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity. The ceramic fibers were produced with average diameters in the range of 180–280 nm and with minimal formation of beads when the solution had viscosity in the range of 52 to 80 cP and conductivity in the range of 45–67 μs/cm. It was found that the surface tension of the solutions did not vary significantly and did not strongly affect the formation of beads.
Absorption, Wicking and Drying Characteristics of Compression Garments
Authors: Saricam Canan
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses the influence of the production parameters on the moisture related comfort characteristics of the compression garments that differ according to the tension applied during the production and elastane count. Correlation analysis, two sided independent t-test analysis and ANOVA tests were applied to analyze the relationship between the production parameters and comfort characteristics which are absorption, vertical and transfer wicking and drying. It was found that tension and elastane composition affect the comfort characteristics by changing the porosity, thickness and the pathways within the fabric.
Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Far-Infrared Tencel/Acrylic and Far-Infrared Tencel/Cotton Blended Ring-Spun Yarns
Authors: Ma Chongqi , Li Xinlong , Zhou Baoming
Published: November 2018

It has been a universal method to obtain better-property yarns by blending different kinds of fibers together. This study, was aimed to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of far-infrared tencel/acrylic (FIT/A) and far-infrared tencel/cotton (FIT/C) blended ring-spun yarns. Yarn samples with five different blend ratios (100/0, 65/35, 50/50, 35/65, 0/100) were spun as 19.7 tex on a ring spinning system. The elongation, breaking strength, yarn irregularity, and hairiness of the two sets of blended yarns were analyzed using the simple rule of mixtures (ROM) and generalized rule of mixtures (GROM). The results show that acrylic blended yarns show higher elongation values, similar breaking strength, lower yarn irregularity values, and higher hairiness values compared to cotton blended ones. In addition, the interactions between the two fibers in both the two sets of yarns have a positive effect on yarn elongation, breaking strength, and yarn irregularity; but a negative effect on the hairiness with a different degree.
Machine Vision-Based Pilling Assessment: A Review
Authors: Furferi Rocco , Governi Lapo , Volpe Yary
Published: November 2018

Pilling is an undesired defect of textile fabrics, consisting of a surface characterized by a number of roughly spherical masses made of entangled fibers. Mainly caused by the abrasion of fabric surface occurring during washing and wearing of fabrics, this defect needs to be accurately controlled and measured by companies working in the textile industry. Pilling measurement is traditionally performed using manual procedures involving visual control of fabric surface by human experts. Since the early nineties, great efforts in developing automatic and non-intrusive methods for pilling measurement have been made all around the world with the final aim of overcoming traditional, visual-based and subjective procedures. Machine Vision proved to be among the best options to perform such defect assessment since it provided increasingly performing measurement equipment and tools, serving the purpose of automatic control. In particular, a relevant number of interesting works have been proposed so far, sharing the idea of helping (or even replacing) traditional measurement methods using image processing-based ones. The present work provides a rational and chronological review of the most relevant methods for pilling measurement proposed so far. This work serves the purposes of 1) understanding whether today's automatic machine vision-based pilling measurement techniques are ready for supplanting traditional pilling measurement and 2) providing textile technology researchers with a bird's eye view of the main methods studied to confront with this problem.
Optimization Bursting Strength and Weight of Plain Knitted Fabrics by Design Expert Analysis Method
Authors: Coruh Ebrucoruh , Çelik Nihat
Published: November 2018

The most important problem for fabric production is finding the best end use and meeting customer expectations. In this paper, we studied plain knitted fabrics made from OE rotor spun yarns. The yarns are produced from different nozzle types while they are at the same cotton counts as Ne 30/1. The yarns are knitted adjusting the yarn loop lengths between 14 cm and 17 cm on the machine as they are the minimum and the maximum values limited by the yarn type, machine and commercially accepted conditions. The purpose of the study is to ensure that the quality of knitted fabric is reached without specific constraints before producing the fabric with desired weight and bursting strength properties. All the results are optimized with minimum error. The test results were analyzed using Design Expert software 6.01 to predict the optimum process parameters for weight and bursting strength of the fabric. Actual and predicted results are compared.
Preliminary Investigation and Characterization of Electrospun Polycaprolactone and Manuka Honey Scaffolds for Dermal Repair
Authors: Minden-Birkenmaier Benjamin A , Neuhalfen Rachel M , Janowiak Blythe E , Sell Scott A.
Published: November 2018

This study focused on the characterization of Manuka honey-containing poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber scaffolds with regards to wound healing. Scaffolds were electrospun from 1, 5, 10, and 20% v/v Manuka honey solutions. Scaffolds were subjected to ethanol disinfection and soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for various timepoints, and scaffold morphology and honey release was quantified. Scaffolds showed increased water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) with scaffold soak time, indicating an increase in evaporation due to enhanced osmotic potential of the scaffolds. Mechanical testing indicated lower elasticity and strength with honey incorporation, but showed no significant change in material degradation rate with the presence of honey over a 28 day PBS soak. Fibroblast studies showed honey incorporation increased cell infiltration into the scaffold, but scaffold conditioned media did not induce significant chemotaxis towards the scaffold. Honey incorporation also demonstrated an increase in fibroblast proliferation when in direct contact with the scaffolds. Bacterial clearance from pure honey was observed in both Gram positive Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptocococcus) and Gram negative Escherichia coli ( E. coli), but honey scaffolds demonstrated significant clearance in only the Gram negative E. coli. While further investigation is needed, this preliminary study demonstrates the wound-healing potential of Manuka honey-loaded electrospun scaffolds.
Process Parameters Optimization of Needle-punched Nonwovens for Sound Absorption Application
Authors: Mvubu Mlando , Patnaik Asis , Anandjiwala Rajesh D.
Published: November 2018

This paper reports a study on the optimization of process parameters of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics for achieving maximum sound absorption by employing a Box-Behnken factorial design. The influence of fiber type, depth of needle penetration, and stroke frequency on sound absorption properties were studied. These parameters were varied at three levels during experimental trials. From multiple regression analysis, it was observed that the depth of needle penetration alone was the most dominant factor among the selected parameters, which was followed by the interaction between depth of needle penetration and stroke frequency. Fiber type was the least dominant parameter affecting sound absorption. A maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.47 was obtained from the selected parameters. The results showed that for a process such as needle-punching, which is influenced by multiple variables, it is worthwhile to study the interactive effects of process parameters for achieving optimum sound absorption.
Characteristics of PPTA Chipped Fiber/Fibrid and their Properties for Sheet Making
Authors: Lu Zhaoqing , Jiang Ming , Zhang Meiyun , Xia Xinxing
Published: November 2018

Poly-p-phenylene diamine terephthalamide (PPTA) chipped fibers and fibrids can be made into insulation sheet materials by papermaking wet forming and hot calendaring operations. PPTA chipped fibers offer mechanical strength for the sheet, while PPTA fibrids act as binder. Novel PPTA fibrids and chipped fibers were investigated using SEM, a fiber quality analyzer and a fiber classifier. PPTA fibrids exhibited small sized pieces with wrinkled surfaces, uniform size and a high degree of fine fibrosis while short fiber was smooth and nearly cylindrical in shape. The effect of the fibrid to chipped fiber ratio on PPTA sheet mechanical and dielectric properties is investigated and an optimal ratio of 7:3 was determined. The pore structure and thermal stability of PPTA sheet were analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry and TG-DSC. The structure of PPTA sheet was similar to reinforced concrete structure; the pores were small and the bind between fibers was tight. The initial decomposition temperature and TG10% of PPTA sheet are 535°C and 560°C, respectively, indicating excellent thermal properties.
The Effect of Fiber Content on the Crashworthiness Parameters of Natural Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Hexagonal Composite Tubes
Authors: Alkbir M. F. M. , Sapuan S. M. , Nuraini A. A. , Ishak M. R.
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of fiber content on the crashworthiness parameters (i.e., energy absorption and stroke efficiency) and the failure modes of a non-woven kenaf (mat) fiber-reinforced hexagonal composite tube. The composite was prepared and fabricated using the hand-lay-up method; fabrication was followed by axial compression testing using an Instron 3382 machine. Various fiber contents were considered, including 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%. A fiber content of 25% to 30% (mass percent) resulted in the best crashworthiness parameters. Furthermore, the amount of energy absorbed decreased as the fiber content increased, as did the mean crash load and the stroke efficiency. A few distinct failure modes were identified during the experiments, including the progressive failure mode, in which failure begins at the top end of the tube, and the transverse crack failure mode, which is associated with the buckling failure mode; after the crash occurs, the top or bottom end of the hexagonal tube begins to break and is fragmented into small pieces.
Prediction of Hydrostatic Pressure and Blood Penetration of Medical Protective Clothing
Authors: Yan Yurong , Tsai Peter P.
Published: November 2018

Disposable materials enjoy annually steady growth in volume in the field of medical applications as surgical gowns, isolation gowns, and medical drapes which impede cross contamination from reusable protective apparel in a hospital. There are four levels of liquid barrier performance according to the American National Standard/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (ANSI/AAMI) PB70:2012 in terms of liquid impact penetration, hydrostatic pressure or hydrohead, and blood penetration. Different areas in a surgical gown require different levels of liquid barrier performance.

Laminates of spunbond (SB), meltblown (MB), and spunbond (SB), called SMS fabric, and laminates of a porous membrane with a nonwoven fabric, usually with the SB layer for strength and ease of handling, are widely used as medical protective clothing. SMS materials are usually made to achieve up to Level 3, which requires a hydrostatic pressure of greater than 50 cm tested according to ANSI/AAMI PB70:2012. Above that level, Level 4 requires the liquid barrier to resist penetration by blood, in which case a laminate with a porous membrane is necessary.

In this paper, the pore size, calculated from the fluid flow through a fibrous media, was used to estimate the hydrostatic pressure. The hydrostatic pressure was then used to correlate with the resistance of the media to blood penetration. The agreement of experimental and calculated data indicated that these theories were successful not only in predicting the pore size and the hydrostatic pressure of a fibrous material but also in correlating the hydrostatic pressure and blood penetration. The fiber fineness required to resist the penetration of blood was also calculated.
Preparation of Hydrophobic Nylon Fabric
Authors: Du Jinmei , Zhang Lulu , Dong Jing , Li Ying , Xu Changhai , Gao Weidong
Published: November 2018

Surface roughness and surface energy are two important factors affecting the hydrophobicity of nylon fabric. In this study, nylon fabric was treated for hydrophobicity with tetrabutyltitanate (TBT) and octadecylamine (OA) which were respectively responsible for increasing surface roughness and reducing surface energy. In order to enhance the hydrophobicity, In order to further enhance hydrophobicity by increasing available reactive sites, 1,2,3,4–butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was applied as a pretreatment to the nylon fabric It was found that the carboxyl content of nylon was increased by the BTCA pretreatment. SEM images showed that the TBT treatment produced small particles on nylon fabric which made surface rough. The water contact angle of nylon fabric treated with BTCA, TBT and OA was measured to be 134°, which was much greater than the water contact angle of nylon fabric treated only with OA. This indicated that the surface roughness resulting from the TBT treatment played an important role in improving hydrophobicity of the treated nylon fabric. The resistance to water penetration and the repellency of water spray of nylon fabric treated with BTCA, TBT and OA were respectively measured to be 27.64 mbar and 85 out of 100.
A Study on Physical Properties of Microfilament Composite Yarns
Authors: Sarioğlu Esin , Babaarslan Osman
Published: November 2018

In the textile industry, composite yarns with multifilament cores are used to impart strength. There are various spinning systems to produce composite core-spun yarns. In this study, to determine the effects of filament fineness on yarn characteristics of composite yarns, polyester filaments with medium, fine and micro fiber linear densities were used as the core portion and cotton fiber was used as the sheath material. Yarn samples were manufactured using a modified ring spinning system with four different yarn counts and constant twist factor (ae). The effect of filament linear density on yarn tensile properties, unevenness and imperfections was determined. Yarn evenness and tensile properties were compared with 100% cotton ring spun yarn and to each other. When relative amount of core increases, it was observed that composite yarns had improved tenacity and elongation compared to 100% cotton ring spun yarn. Although filament fineness was found to have a significant effect on the CVm % properties, there was no statistical effect on imperfections other than yarn count parameter.
Windmill Palm Fiber/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nonwoven Fibrous Polymeric Materials
Authors: Chen Changjie , Chen Guicui , Sun Guangxiang , Wang Jiayi , Wang Guohe
Published: November 2018

Three types of wet-laid nonwoven materials with windmill palm fibril (WPFL), WPFL /windmill palm fiber bundles (WPFB) and windmill palm fiber (WPF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were prepared. The morphology and length distribution of WPFL and WPFB were analyzed by digital microscopy and image processing software. The filtration efficiency, air permeability and sound absorption properties of 12 samples of wet-laid nonwoven materials were tested. Adding PVA improved the porosity and enhanced the filtration efficiency, air permeability and acoustic properties of the nonwovens.
Numerical Analysis and Comparison of Airflow in Rotors with U and V Groove during Rotor Spinning Process
Authors: Yang Rui-Hua , Liu Chao , Xue Yuan , Wang Hongbo , Gao Weidong
Published: November 2018

Rotor spinning is known for high production rates and uniformity of the resulting yarn. However, determining machine components which will produce the optimum process parameters such as airflow speed to result in the best combinations of yarn quality and uniformity can be a difficult task. The aim of this study is to simulate and analyze the airflow characteristics in rotors with U and V grooves during the rotor spinning process. The results obtained showed that airflow speed resulting from a rotor with the V groove is higher than that of U type. As a result, the static pressure resulting from the use of the V type groove is lower than that of U groove.
Characterization of Wood Filament in Additive Deposition to Study the Mechanical Behavior of Reconstituted Wood Products
Authors: Gardan Julien , Nguyen Duy Cuong , Roucoules Lionel , Montay Guillaume
Published: November 2018

The use of materials derived from biomass is unavoidable to decrease environmental impact of products. The main advantage of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) concept is the ability to create complex geometries one layer at a time. The primary aim of this study was to create objects using reconstituted wood through manufacturing with low environmental impact. Wood can be converted into various derivatives allowing the introduction of sustainable material into the product lifecycle. This work uses an AM device adapted to a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine [1] to produce a reconstituted wood product by filament deposition. The first part assessed the deposit of wood pulp with a 3D printing head device, while the second part focuses on the characterization of microscopic structure of the material. Fiber morphology and mechanical properties of composite materials incorporating the filaments are characterized.
Fast Penetration Resolving for Weft Knitted Fabric Based on Collision Detection
Authors: Sha Sha , Jiang Gaoming , Chapman Lisa Parrilo , Ma Pibo , Zhang Aijun , Cong Honglian , Wei Qufu , Dong Zhijia
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a hierarchical cylinders method is proposed to resolve penetration of yarns. The performance of the hierarchical cylinders method is accelerated by applying a spatial subdivision algorithm. The spatial subdivision algorithm refines the detected regions according to the properties of weft knitted fabric, which greatly reduce the calculation of collision detection. Based on the cuboid particle system, penalty contact forces act on the yarns with problematic penetration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm and method are efficient for weft knitted fabric simulation.
Optimization of Digital Transfer Textile Printing Process using Multi-Objective Function Analysis
Authors: Jeon Dong Won , Kim Sungmin , Sul In Hwan , Park Chang Kyu
Published: November 2018

Digital textile printing (DTP) is widely used because it is more efficient and simpler than conventional textile printing methods. Digital transfer textile printing (DTTP) is one of the most efficient and simplest DTP methods. In this study, the optimum process conditions for DTTP have been investigated, to minimize the distortion of printed images and maximize the color reproducibility. First, a novel measurement method for fabric shrinkage and image distortion was developed. Then 9 characteristic values were defined and a series of experiments were designed and performed using the Taguchi method. Finally, two different multiple-characteristic value analyses were performed on the results. In one method, 9 characteristic values were converted into a single value. In the other method, the characteristic values were divided into 3 groups for analysis. Finally, results from the two methods were compared to determine which method was more suitable.
Theoretical and Practical Analysis of Fiber Blend Model in Gray Spun Yarn
Authors: Ma Chongqi , Wang Yujuan , Li Junli , Cheng Lu , Yang Jinlian
Published: November 2018

The final color of blend yarns is dependent on the proportion of the various colored fibers used in colored spun yarns. How to scientifically and effectively quantify the relationship between the proportion of different colored fibers and the color of the yarn is a major problem hindering the development of color spinning technology. This paper suggests three methods for analyzing and comparing the color of gray spun yarns. A color match software, Datacolor Match, was used to calculate a recipe simulating the match of dyes; the a predicting formula based on color mixing model of Kubelka-Munk (K-M) double-constant theory for fiber blends was established. Finally, the colored fiber formula based on the known reflectance curve was calculated according to the relationship between the reflectance value of gray spun yarn and proportion of colored fiber present. This work provides an understanding of colored spun yarn fabrication.
Multifunctional Ultra-fine Silky PET Fabrics; Nanofunctionalization via an Ultrasound-assistant Nanocolloidal Preparation
Authors: Khanjarpanah Ozra , Dastjerdi Roya
Published: November 2018

Providing an even nano-finishing via pad-dry process as the simplest finishing method on ultra-fine silky PET fabrics is difficult due to low absorption potential, extremely low friction resulting in pad mangles and the low thickness. This research aims to develop a procedure of continuous nano-functionalization of ultra-fine silky PET fabrics and examines their properties. An as-prepared TiO2 nano-colloidal solution was applied to fabrics by means of a continuous pad-dry process. To stabilize the nanostructures on the fabric surfaces, the samples were subjected to a simple and fast aftertreatment. The effects of this treatment were assessed on washing stability, water repellency (contact angle and droplet absorption time), handle (bending length), wrinkle resistance, UV protection properties and wear properties. An even nano finish on the ultra-fine silky PET fabric was confirmed by SEM micrographs with different magnifications. Results indicate an enhancement of water droplet absorption time as well as the contact angle of droplets on the treated samples which corroborates increased hydrophobicity. Additionally, the treatment enhanced softness, wrinkle resistance and particularly washing fastness of the nanofunctionalized fabrics. The results demonstrate that the functionalization improves the wear properties and the UV stability of the treated fabrics.
Functional Finishing of Viscose Knitted Fabrics via Graphene Coating
Authors: Wu Wen , Zhang Huanxia , Ma Hui , Cao Jianda , Jiang Lianyi , Chen Guanglin
Published: November 2018

Functional finishing of viscose knitted fabrics was realized through layer-by-layer assembly with graphene oxide and reduction treatment of hydrazine hydrate. Due to the introduction of graphene, viscose fabrics became conductive, and exhibited enhanced anti-ultraviolet properties and hydrophobicity. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that graphene could form thin films on the surface of viscose fibers, and with an increase in dipping-drying cycles, partial peeling of the thin films was observed. Electrical resistivity tests indicated that the volume resistance could reach to 128 Ω·cm and 96 Ω·cm when the courses and wales of the viscose fabrics treated for thirty dipping-drying cycles. In addition, ultraviolet protection factor of the viscose fabrics was 100+ and the water contact angle of the viscose fabrics treated for twelve cycles was 125o compared with 18o for the original fabrics. These multifunctional fabrics have potential applications in conductive devices, water treatment systems and smart textiles.
Preparation of Ag-containing ACF and its Application for Dye Removal
Authors: Yao Lirong , Li Xiaojuan , Zhang Guangyu , Xu Shanqing , Cheng Dehong , Lu Yanhua
Published: November 2018

Silver containing activated carbon fiber (Ag/ACF) has excellent adsorption properties for removing dyes. Silver particles are loaded onto ACF after carbonization and activation at present, and the fibers have low washing resistance and impurities are introduced onto ACF. In this research, pre-treatment techniques were used. Nano-silver solution with a particle size about 10 nm was prepared by using β-cyclodextrin as a stabilizer and reducer, and then the nano-silver solution was used as pretreatment liquid for modifying viscose fiber. Nano-silver particles with functional groups have high activity and can be readily adsorbed on the surface of viscose fibers. Ag/ACF was successfully prepared by carbonizing and activating the Ag-containing viscose fiber. The number and content of nano-silver particles on the surface of ACF was controlled by changing the concentration of nano-silver solution. The results show that the Ag/ACF have a high washing resistance and more efficiently remove methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) than ACF.