bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities
Authors: Blackwell James E.M. , Gharahdaghi Nima , Brook Matthew S. , Watanabe Shinya , Boereboom Catherine L. , Doleman Brett , Lund Jonathan N. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Smith Kenneth , Atherton Philip J. , Williams John P. , Phillips Bethan E.
Published: June 2021

Background

Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat‐free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but its efficacy in the very old, in whom comorbidities are present is undefined. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and physiological/metabolic responses to HIIT, in a cohort of octogenarians with comorbidities (e.g. hypertension and osteoarthritis).

Methods

Twenty‐eight volunteers (18 men, 10 women, 81.2 ± 0.6 years, 27.1 ± 0.6 kg·m−2) with American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Grade 2–3 status each completed 4 weeks (12 sessions) HIIT after a control period of equal duration. Before and after each 4 week period, subjects underwent body composition assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Quadriceps muscle biopsies (m. vastus lateralis) were taken to quantify anabolic signalling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS) over 4‐weeks.

Results

In comorbid octogenarians, HIIT elicited improvements in CRF (anaerobic threshold: +1.2 ± 0.4 ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.001). HIIT also augmented total FFM (47.2 ± 1.4 to 47.6 ± 1.3 kg, P = 0.04), while decreasing total fat mass (24.8 ± 1.3 to 24 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.0002) and body fat percentage (33.1 ± 1.5 to 32.1 ± 1.4%, P = 0.0008). Mechanistically, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity increased after HIIT (i.e. citrate synthase activity: 52.4 ± 4 to 67.9 ± 5.1 nmol·min−1·mg−1, P = 0.005; membrane protein complexes (C): C‐II, 1.4‐fold increase, P = 0.002; C‐III, 1.2‐fold increase, P = 0.03), as did rates of MPS (1.3 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.1%·day−1, P = 0.03). The increase in MPS was supported by up‐regulated phosphorylation of anabolic signalling proteins (e.g. AKT, p70S6K, and 4E‐BP1; all P < 0.05). There were no changes in any of these parameters during the control period. No adverse events were reported throughout the study.

Conclusions

The HIIT enhances skeletal muscle mass and CRF in octogenarians with disease, with up‐regulation of MPS and mitochondrial capacity likely underlying these improvements. HIIT can be safely delivered to octogenarians with disease and is an effective, time‐efficient intervention to improve muscle mass and physical function in a short time frame.
Low back pain: What is the role of YouTube content in patient education?
Authors: Hornung Alexander L. , Rudisill Samuel S. , Suleiman Rawan W. , Siyaji Zakariah K. , Sood Sahil , Siddiqui Shahrukh , Koro Lacin , Mohiuddin Shoeb A. , Sayari Arash J.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to characterize the educational quality and reliability of YouTube videos related to low back pain (LBP) as well as to identify factors associated with the overall video quality. A review of YouTube was performed using two separate search strings. Video‐specific characteristics were analyzed for the first 50 videos of each string. Seventy‐seven eligible videos were identified as a result. The mean Journal of the American Medical Association score was 2.25 ± 1.09 (range: 0–4) out of 4. The mean Global Quality Score (GQS) score was 2.29 ± 1.37 (range: 1–4) out of 5. The mean LBP score (LPS) score was 3.83 ± 2.23 (range: 0–11) out of 15. Video power index was a predictor of GQS score (β = 55.78, p = 0.048), whereas the number of likes (β = −2.49, p = 0.047) and view ratio (β = −55.62, p = 0.049) were associated with lower quality scores. Days since initial upload (β = 0.32, p = 0.042) as well as like ratio (β = 0.37, p = 0.019) were independent predictors of higher LPS scores. The results of this study suggest that the overall reliability and educational quality of videos uploaded to YouTube concerning LBP are unsatisfactory. More popular videos demonstrated poorer educational quality than their less popular counterparts. As the prevalence of LBP rises, more accurate and thorough educational videos are necessary to ensure accurate information is available to patients.
Bioactive glass and arginine dentifrices immediately relieved dentine hypersensitivity following non‐surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ongphichetmetha Napassorn , Lertpimonchai Attawood , Champaiboon Chantrakorn
Published: June 2021

Background

There is no report concerning calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) and arginine dentifrices in reducing dentine hypersensitivity (DH) in patients undergoing non‐surgical periodontal therapy. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass, 5% CSPS, and 8% arginine dentifrice in relieving DH in patients undergoing non‐surgical therapy.

Methods

Using a double‐blind randomized controlled trial, 45 volunteers with DH following non‐surgical therapy were immediately applied with one of three dentifrices containing: 5% CSPS, 8% arginine, or control on DH teeth. The participants then continued to brush twice daily for 8 weeks. DH was assessed using the Schiff cold air sensitivity scale and tactile tests at baseline, immediately after application, and up to 8 weeks.

Results

The Schiff analysis revealed that the CSPS dentifrice significantly reduced DH immediately and declined through week 8. The arginine group demonstrated reduced DH through week 2. In contrast, DH reduction in the control began later at week 1. The visual analog scale analysis demonstrated that only CSPS had a significantly reduced percentage DH at the immediate, 2, 4, and 8 weeks compared with the baseline. The percentage of patients with DH (Schiff score ≥2) in the CSPS and arginine groups reduced to ≈ 50% after the in‐office application. The number of DH patients treated with CSPS then decreased to 9% at the 2‐week evaluation.

Conclusion

The CSPS and arginine dentifrices were beneficial in reducing periodontitis patient's discomfort, immediately and in the first 2 weeks following non‐surgical periodontal therapy.
The colour and sensory characteristics of longissimus muscle from beef cattle that grazed grass or consumed concentrates prior to slaughter
Authors: Moloney Aidan P , O' Riordan Edward G , Monahan Frank J , Richardson R Ian
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Grazed grass is an important component of the majority of beef production systems used in temperate climates. Compared to concentrate‐fed beef, ‘grass‐fed’ beef can command a premium in some markets based on perceived differences in appearance and sensory characteristics. The influence of grazed grass per se, as well as the duration of grazing, on selected sensory characteristics of beef within a heifer production system was examined.

RESULTS

In general, fat from grass‐fed cattle was more yellow than fat from similar cattle fed concentrates, whereas muscle from grass‐fed cattle was darker than muscle from cattle fed concentrates. At the same carcass weight, muscle from grass‐fed cattle had a lower fat concentration than cattle fed concentrates. In the most extreme situation examined, whereby early‐maturing heifers were fed concentrates ad libitum from weaning or grazed grass/conserved grass throughout life, until slaughtered at a similar carcass weight (260 kg) and differed in age by 5 months, beef was rated similarly for tenderness and a range of flavours by a trained sensory panel.

CONCLUSION

Within the range of beef heifer production systems examined, the sensory characteristics of grass‐fed beef do not differ greatly from concentrate‐fed beef. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Stability and approximation of solutions in new reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces on a semi‐infinite domain
Authors: Hassan Jabar S. , Grow David
Published: May 2021

We introduce new reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces on a trapezoidal semi‐infinite domain B∞ in the plane. We establish uniform approximation results in terms of the number of nodes on compact subsets of B∞ for solutions to nonhomogeneous hyperbolic partial differential equations in one of these spaces,
. Furthermore, we demonstrate the stability of such solutions with respect to the driver. Finally, we give an example to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of our results.
DCANet: Dual contextual affinity network for mass segmentation in whole mammograms
Authors: Lou Meng , Qi Yunliang , Meng Jie , Xu Chunbo , Wang Yiming , Pi Jiande , Ma Yide
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Breast mass segmentation in mammograms remains a crucial yet challenging topic in computer‐aided diagnosis systems. Existing algorithms mainly used mass‐centered patches to achieve mass segmentation, which is time‐consuming and unstable in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, we aim to directly perform fully automated mass segmentation in whole mammograms with deep learning solutions.

Methods

In this work, we propose a novel dual contextual affinity network (a.k.a., DCANet) for mass segmentation in whole mammograms. Based on the encoder–decoder structure, two lightweight yet effective contextual affinity modules including the global‐guided affinity module (GAM) and the local‐guided affinity module (LAM) are proposed. The former aggregates the features integrated by all positions and captures long‐range contextual dependencies, aiming to enhance the feature representations of homogeneous regions. The latter emphasizes semantic information around each position and exploits contextual affinity based on the local field‐of‐view, aiming to improve the indistinction among heterogeneous regions.

Results

The proposed DCANet is greatly demonstrated on two public mammographic databases including the DDSM and the INbreast, achieving the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 85.95% and 84.65%, respectively. Both segmentation performance and computational efficiency outperform the current state‐of‐the‐art methods.

Conclusion

According to extensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, we believe that the proposed fully automated approach has sufficient robustness to provide fast and accurate diagnoses for possible clinical breast mass segmentation.
Automatic quantification of epicardial adipose tissue volume
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Sun Yu , Xu Lisheng , Greenwald Stephen E. , Zhang Libo , Zhang Rongrong , You Hongrui , Yang Benqiang
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Epicardial fat is the adipose tissue between the serosal pericardial wall layer and the visceral layer. It is distributed mainly around the atrioventricular groove, atrial septum, ventricular septum and coronary arteries. Studies have shown that the density, thickness, volume and other characteristics of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) are independently correlated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Given this association, the accurate determination of EAT volume is an essential aim of future research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish a framework for fully automatic EAT segmentation and quantification in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) scans.

Methods

A set of 103 scans are randomly selected from our medical center. An automatic pipeline has been developed to segment and quantify the volume of EAT. First, a multi‐slice deep neural network is used to simultaneously segment the pericardium in multiple adjacent slices. Then a deformable model is employed to reduce false positive and negative regions in the segmented binary pericardial images. Finally, the pericardium mask is used to define the region of interest (ROI) and the threshold method is utilized to extract the pixels ranging from −175 Hounsfield units (HU) to −15 HU for the segmentation of EAT.

Results

The Dice indices of the pericardial segmentation using the proposed method with respect to the manual delineation results of two radiology experts were 97.1%  0.7% and 96.9%  0.6%, respectively. The inter‐observer variability was also assessed, resulting in a Dice index of 97.0%  0.7%. For the EAT segmentation results, the Dice indices between the proposed method and the two radiology experts were 93.4%  1.5% and 93.3%  1.3%, respectively, and the same measurement between the experts themselves was 93.6%  1.9%. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the EAT volumes computed from the results of the proposed method and the manual delineation by the two experts were 1.00 and 0.99 and the same coefficients between the experts was 0.99.

Conclusions

This work describes the development of a fully automatic EAT segmentation and quantification method from CCTA scans and the results compare favorably with the assessments of two independent experts. The proposed method is also packaged with a graphical user interface which can be found at https://github.com/MountainAndMorning/EATSeg.
The Effect of Dietary Supplements of Black Pepper Piper nigrum and Turmeric Curcuma longa Extracts on Dietary Amino Acid Utilization and Growth Performance in Common Carp
Authors: Wojno Michal , Mandas Arlyn , Kwasek Karolina , Dabrowski Konrad
Published: May 2021

Long-recognized physiological actions of black pepper Piper nigrum and turmeric Curcuma longa plants or their active ingredients (piperine [Pip] and curcumin [Curc], respectively) have been tested in nutritional and clinical experiments. Available data suggest that both dietary additives influence food acceptance, metabolism, and digestive physiology and increase the bioavailability of several drugs and nutrients. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to test how Common Carp Cyprinus carpio respond to diets supplemented with Pip, Curc, and black pepper extract (BP) in terms of food intake, growth, whole-body composition, and muscle free amino acid (FAA) levels. We used the following dietary treatments: a reference diet based on casein and gelatin (CG), a diet in which a fraction of CG protein (20%) was replaced with an FAA mixture (Met0.4 [methionine 0.4%]), and three other diets identical to Met0.4 but supplemented with 0.02% Pip, Curc, or BP. We found that addition of spices and their active ingredients impacted fish growth (BP depressed growth by 30%); however, these dietary additives did not show any significant effect on food intake across the treatments. Dietary Pip increased total lipids in the whole body. The total indispensable FAA level was higher in the Curc group compared to the CG group only. The total dispensable FAA level in the BP group was higher than those in the CG and Met0.4 groups but was not different than those in the Pip and Curc groups. We conclude that further study is warranted with different levels of spices in fish diets. A summary of the current state of knowledge on the effect of Pip on nutrient flux and nutrient utilization, as well as possible regulatory mechanism(s) involved in the action of spices in fish, with a focus on Pip, is also provided.
Bilanz 2020: Boehringer‐Ingelheim
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: June 2021

Boehringer Ingelheim entwickelt und produziert Medikamente für Mensch und Tier. Hinzu kommt biopharmazeutische Auftragsproduktion. Im Jahr 2020 legte das Unternehmen in allen Bereichen zu.
Pro: E‐Fuels
Authors: Schlögl Robert
Published: June 2021

Nachhaltige Energieversorgungssysteme ohne chemische Speicher sind illusionär. Synthetische Kraftstoffe wirken als solche Speicher für grüne Energie.
Glass fiber reinforced PET modified by few‐layer black phosphorus
Authors: Xiao Yifan , Li Jiaxuan , Wu Jun , Song Liang , Han Yuxi , Wang Zhongwei , Yu Qing
Published: June 2021

Glass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (PET/GF) with enhanced flame retardancy was prepared with few‐layer black phosphorus (BPs) for the first time. The performance of red phosphorus (RP) modified PET/GF was also investigated for comparison. Results show that PET/GF with 0.9 wt% BPs (PET/GF@BP‐0.9) can eliminate the ignition of cotton by dripping. The addition of 2.7 wt% of BPs can make the PET/GF sample pass UL 94 V‐0 classification, while a much higher of 6.3 wt% RP was needed to pass the same classification. Compared with neat PET/GF, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) rate of PET/GF@BP‐2.7 decreases ca. 52.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The studies of char residues reveal that BPs could act as a catalyst for char formation and the formed char could roughen the surface of GF and thus restrain the “wick effect.” Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry shows that the addition of BPs significantly inhibited the release of gas‐phase products. The attractive abilities of BPs as flame retardant provide a novel and effective way of PET/GF modification.
Grafting polymer brushes by ATRP from functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) microparticles
Authors: Fu Liye , Jafari Hossein , Gießl Michael , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Sun Mingkang , Wang Zongyu , Liu Tong , Kapil Kriti , Cheng Boyle C. , Yu Alexander , Averick Saadyah E. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a semi‐crystalline thermoplastic with excellent mechanical and chemical properties. PEEK exhibits a high degree of resistance to thermal, chemical, and bio‐degradation. PEEK is used as a biomaterial in the field of orthopedic and dental implants; however, due to its intrinsic hydrophobicity and inert surface, PEEK does not effectively support bone growth. Therefore, new methods to modify PEEK's surface to improve osseointegration are key to next‐generation polymer implant materials. Unfortunately, PEEK is a challenging material to both modify and subsequently characterize thus stymieing efforts to improve PEEK osseointegration. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization can be used to modify novel PEEK microparticles (PMP). The hard core‐soft shell microparticles were synthesized and characterized by dynamic light scattering, attenuated total reflection‐infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, indicating the grafted materials increased solubility and stability in a range of solvents. The discovered surface grafted PMP can be used as compatibilizers for the polymer‐tissue interface.
The effects of intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsions on the stability and aggregation of NISTmAb revealed by HDX‐MS, DSC, and nanoDSF
Authors: Hamuro Yoshitomo , Derebe Mehabaw Getahun , Venkataramani Sathya , Nemeth Jennifer F.
Published: June 2021

The stability and aggregation of NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb) were investigated by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nano‐differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF). NISTmAb was prepared in eight formulations at four different pHs (pH 5, 6, 7, and 8) in the presence and absence of 150 mM NaCl and analyzed by the three methods. The HDX‐MS results showed that NISTmAb is more conformationally stable at a pH near its isoelectric point (pI) in the presence of NaCl than a pH far from its pI in the absence of NaCl. The stabilization effects were global and not localized. The midpoint temperature of protein thermal unfolding transition results also showed the CH2 domain of the protein is more conformationally stable at a pH near its pI. On the other hand, the onset of aggregation temperature results showed that NISTmAb is less prone to aggregate at a pH far from its pI, particularly in the absence of NaCl. These seemingly contradicting results, higher conformational stability yet higher aggregation propensity near the pI than far away from the pI, can be explained by intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsion using Lumry‐Eyring model, which separates folding/unfolding equilibrium and aggregation event. The further a pH from the pI, the higher the net charge of the protein. The higher net charge leads to greater intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsions. The greater intramolecular electrostatic repulsion destabilizes the protein and the greater intermolecular electrostatic repulsion prevents aggregation of the protein molecules at pH far from the pI.
The spatio‐temporal ordering of migrant detention: Exclusion, hierarchy, and human disposal
Authors: Montange Leah
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the spatialities and temporalities of a U.S. migrant detention centre, to demonstrate the entanglement of migrant exclusion with dehumanisation and racialisation. I examine spatial orderings such as isolation, segregation, and regulated mobilities in detention alongside the arbitrary and deadening tempos and rhythms of detention. I find patterns of inclusionary exclusion through which the “consent” of detained people to their own deportation is conditioned by dehumanising spatio‐temporalities. These patterns are the product of the highly standardised, regulated, and ordered spatio‐temporalities of detention. I ultimately argue that the spatial and temporal ordering of detention, in all of its standardisation, is a racialising project that rationalises exclusion and dehumanisation, placing responsibility for degradation, deportation, and even premature death, upon those in detention.
‘Skywalker’ surgical robot for total knee arthroplasty: An experimental sawbone study
Authors: Xia Runzhi , Tong Zhicheng , Hu Yi , Kong Keyu , Wu Xiulin , Li Huiwu
Published: May 2021

Background

Currently, robot‐assisted surgical systems are used to reduce the error range of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) osteotomy and component positioning.

Methods

We used 20 sawbone models of the femur and 20 sawbone models of the tibia and fibula to evaluate the osteotomy effect of ‘Skywalker’ robot‐assisted TKA.

Results

The maximal movement of the cutting jig was less than 0.25 mm at each osteotomy plane. The mean and standard deviation values of the angle deviation between the planned osteotomy plane and the actual osteotomy plane at each osteotomy plane were not more than 1.03° and 0.55°, respectively. The mean and standard deviation values of absolute error of resection thickness at each osteotomy position were less than 0.78 and 0.71 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

The ‘Skywalker’ system has good osteotomy accuracy, can achieve the planned osteotomy well and is expected to assist surgeons in performing accurate TKA in clinical applications in future.
Coping with coronavirus disease 2019: Relationships between coping strategies, benefit finding and well‐being
Authors: Miao Miao , Zheng Lei , Wen Jie , Jin Shuai , Gan Yiqun
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused both physical and psychological changes in the general public. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between well‐being and coping strategies in response to the pandemic. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the mediational role of benefit finding. A total of 521 participants aged 18–65 years were recruited from 29 regions of mainland China. Situation‐specific coping strategies, including support seeking, personal hygiene practice and social distancing, were measured at Time 1. Benefit finding and well‐being were assessed 1 month later. A multilevel mediation model was conducted with region included in level 2 as cluster ID. Support seeking and personal hygiene practice were positive predictors of benefit finding, which further mediated their relationships with well‐being, while social distancing negatively predicted well‐being. These results highlight the relationships of support seeking, personal hygiene practice and benefit finding with well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that besides adopting adaptive coping strategies to prevent infection by COVID‐19, individuals should be encouraged to recognize benefits associated with the COVID‐19 outbreak.
Enhancing agile software development in the banking sector—A comprehensive case study at LHV
Authors: Scott Ezequiel , Milani Fredrik , Kilu Erki , Pfahl Dietmar
Published: June 2021

FinTech companies are challenging established financial institutions' dominance by offering the same products with a superior customer experience and delivering new features faster. The adoption of agile software development partially enables this competitive advantage. In response to this challenge, banks explore how they can improve their agile processes. LHV, a mid‐sized bank, uses agile practices but faces the challenge of further improvement to stay competitive with FinTech companies. In this article, we explore how LHV can improve its agile software development process. We conduct a case study at LHV where we first derive eight change proposals based on a literature review and interviews. Then, we report on how LHV implemented the change proposals and their perceived impact. Our results stress the importance of taking a coherent approach to improving agile processes by considering both business units and operations involved in the product life‐cycle. It is also necessary to align organizational structures to enable team autonomy by, for instance, decentralizing decision authority. Finally, it is beneficial to adapt agile practices to their context and have an IT architecture and technology supporting the agile approach.
Modeling serviceability performance and ultimate capacity of corroded reinforced and prestressed concrete structures
Authors: Marí Antonio , Bairán Jesús‐Miguel , Oller Eva , Duarte Noemi
Published: June 2021

Corrosion reduces the area of reinforcement steel, affects its mechanical properties, the bond properties, and produces concrete cracking. Thus, reduction of the bearing capacity and stiffness, increments of deflections and redistribution of stresses and internal forces, in statically indeterminate structures, take place. In addition, the efficiency of strengthening systems of corroded structures depends on their state of stresses, strains and damage previously to strengthening. In this paper, a nonlinear and time dependent step by step analysis model for reinforced and prestressed concrete frames is presented. The model is capable of capturing the structural effects of corrosion and the effects of strengthening interventions, necessary to adequately assess corroded and strengthened structures. Several cases of corroded and strengthened structures are analyzed and the results discussed.
Postnatal maturation of glutamate clearance and release kinetics at the rat and mouse calyx of Held synapses
Authors: Yang Che Ho , Ho Won‐Kyung , Lee Suk‐Ho
Published: May 2021

Although calyx of Held synapses undergo dramatic changes around the hearing onset, previous in vivo studies suggest that the calyx synapses undergo further post‐hearing maturation process. While developmental changes over the hearing onset have been extensively studied, this post‐hearing maturation process remained relatively little investigated. Because of post‐hearing maturation, previous results from studies around hearing onset and studies of post‐hearing calyx synapses are somewhat inconsistent. Here, we characterized the post‐hearing maturation of calyx synapses with regard to in vitro electrophysiological properties in rats and mice. We found that parameters for residual glutamate in the cleft during a train, EPSC kinetics, and vesicle pool size became close to a full mature level by P14, but they further matured until P16 in the rats. Consistently, the phasic and slow EPSCs evoked by action potential trains at P16 calyx synapses were not different from those at P18 or P25 under physiological extracellular [Ca2+]o (1.2 mM). In contrast, the parameters for residual current and EPSC kinetics displayed drastic changes until P16 in mice, and slow EPSCs during the train further decreased between P16 and P18, suggesting that maturation of calyx synapses progresses at least up to P16 in rats and P18 in mice.
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl M(III) Complexes (M = Rh, Ir) Exhibiting 2,3,5,6‐tetra(2'‐pyridyl)pyrazine as Seven‐membered Chelating Ligand
Authors: Graf Marion , Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Mayer Peter
Published: June 2021

The synthesis and characterization of complex salts [M(η5−C5Me5)Cl(tppz)]PF6 (M=Rh, 1; M=Ir, 2; tppz=2.3.5.6‐tetra(2'‐pyridyl)pyrazine) are described. Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained by bridge‐splitting reactions of [{M(η5−C5Me5)(μ−Cl)Cl}2] (M=Rh, Ir) with tppz in MeOH at room temperature and spectroscopically characterized. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 in the crystal were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Unexpectedly both compounds exhibit seven‐membered chelate rings within the tppz backbone in contrast to the postulated five‐membered chelates for these species in literature.
Die Predigt aus linguistischer Sicht
Authors: Dix Carolin
Published: May 2021

Obwohl die Auseinandersetzung mit Sprache und Religion innerhalb der Linguistik eine lange Forschungstradition hat, bestehen nach wie vor Lücken, wenn es um die Analyse spezifischer sprachlich-kommunikativer Erscheinungen geht. Dies gilt gerade auch für das Ereignis der Predigt. Das Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über linguistische und interaktionsanalytische Forschung zurchristlichen Predigt und fokussiert speziell die Arbeiten aus dem Gebiet der Theolinguistik und der Religionslinguistik.
Towards colour flow evolution at two loops
Authors: Plätzer Simon , Ruffa Ines
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We calculate the two-loop and one-loop/one-emission contributions required for soft gluon evolution at the next-to-leading order. The colour structures are expressed in the colour flow basis, and the kinematic dependence and loop integrals are expressed in terms of multiple cuts and phase-space-like integrals. This directly allows to use them in the resummation of non-global observables and improved parton shower algorithms beyond the leading order and beyond the leading colour limit. Within the colour flow basis it becomes apparent that correlations beyond a dipole picture emerge even in colour-diagonal elements of the virtual corrections.
Collective modes of polarizable holographic media in magnetic fields
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Gran Ulf , Tornsö Marcus
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We consider a neutral holographic plasma with dynamical electromagnetic interactions in a finite external magnetic field. The Coulomb interactions are introduced via mixed boundary conditions for the Maxwell gauge field. The collective modes at finite wave-vector are analyzed in detail and compared to the magneto-hydrodynamics results valid only at small magnetic fields. Surprisingly, at large magnetic field, we observe the appearance of two plasmon-like modes whose corresponding effective plasma frequency grows with the magnetic field and is not supported by any background charge density. Finally, we identify a mode collision which allows us to study the radius of convergence of the linearized hydrodynamics expansion as a function of the external magnetic field. We find that the radius of convergence in momentum space, related to the diffusive transverse electromagnetic mode, increases quadratically with the strength of the magnetic field.
Evidenzbasierte Alkoholprävention – Was empfiehlt die Wirksamkeitsforschung?
Authors: Bühler Anneke , Thrul Johannes , Gomes de Matos Elena
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund

Der riskante Alkoholkonsum einer substanziellen Gruppe von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen weist auf einen alkoholpräventiven Handlungsbedarf hin. Die BZgA-Expertise zur Suchtprävention 2020 liefert das wissenschaftliche Wissen zur Wirksamkeit von suchtpräventivem Handeln mit jungen Menschen.

Fragestellung

Welche Ansätze haben in den jeweiligen Handlungsfeldern der Suchtprävention alkoholpräventive Effekte?

Methode

Eine systematische Literatursuche im Juni 2017 in 7 internationalen Datenbanken resultierte in 28.949 Treffern. Einschlusskriterien waren: Studientyp Review oder Metaanalyse, Erscheinungsdatum 2012–2017, Zielgruppe universell oder selektiv und Alter bis 25 Jahre, Zielverhalten Alkoholkonsum. Ausschlusskriterien waren: Zielgruppe Menschen mit diagnostizierten Störungen, Zielverhalten Risikofaktoren. 34 alkoholbezogene Arbeiten wurden von den 3 Autoren systematisch ausgewertet und mittels AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) methodisch bewertet. Im Konsensverfahren wurden Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen formuliert.

Ergebnisse

Basierend auf 53 Schlussfolgerungen zur Wirksamkeit von Alkoholprävention lassen sich je nach Handlungsfeld (Familie, Schule, Hochschule, Medien, Gesundheitssystem, Kommune) und Zielgruppe u. a. empfehlen: Familienprogramme und Elterntrainings, verhaltensbezogene Programme, die bestimmte personale und soziale Kompetenzen fördern, Kurzinterventionen mit Feedback, Mentorenprogramme. Neuere Arbeiten zu verhältnispräventiven alkoholpolitischen Maßnahmen auf kommunaler oder nationaler Ebene konnten nicht identifiziert werden.

Diskussion

Verhaltensbezogene Alkoholprävention ist wirksam. Je nach Handlungsfeld und Zielgruppe empfiehlt sich ein sehr differenziertes Vorgehen. Benötigt wird ein Konsens, mit welcher Art von Evidenz die kausale Wirksamkeit von Verhältnisprävention nachgewiesen werden kann.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of solute atoms on the compression of magnesium alloy
Authors: Yang Qianhua , Xue Chun , Chu Zhibing , Li Yugui , Ma Lifeng
Published: June 2021

Magnesium alloys have a wide range of application values. To design and develop magnesium alloys with excellent mechanical properties, it is necessary to study the deformation process. In this paper, the uniaxial compression (UC) process of AZ31 magnesium alloy with different solute atom content is simulated by the molecular dynamics method. The effect of the solute atom on the uniaxial compression of magnesium alloy is investigated. It is found that solute atoms can inhibit the grain refinement of magnesium, can effectively improve the plastic strength of the alloy, can change the lattice distortion during uniaxial compression of magnesium alloy, can inhibit the generation of BCC structure, and can slow down the increase of FCC structure and dislocation density. The direction of the FCC structure diffusion is 90° to the grain boundary direction. Shockley partial dislocations are generated around the FCC structure. The direction in which the FCC structure spreads is consistent with the direction in which Shockley partial dislocations move.
What to expect? Injury patterns of Electric-Scooter accidents over a period of one year - A prospective monocentric study at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Harbrecht Andreas , Hackl Michael , Leschinger Tim , Uschok Stephan , Wegmann Kilian , Eysel Peer , Müller Lars P.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

E-scooters are a new type of urban transportation utilized in Germany since June 2019, primarily in larger cities in the context of sharing offers. Such electrically operated standing scooters can be driven at a maximum speed of 20 km/h. A helmet is not mandatory. The aim of this prospective study is to document the injury patterns over the period of 1 year and compare our findings with already available data.

Methods

Over a period of 1 year (July 2019–July 2020), data on E-scooter-related accidents treated at a level 1 trauma center of a major German city were prospectively documented. Injury patterns were analyzed, and epidemiological data evaluated.

Results

Fifty-nine (35 female, 24 male) accidents were included in the observation period. Mean age of accident victims was 30.03 years (± 9.32). Alcohol influence at the time of accident was detected in 9 cases (15.25%). Many of the accident victims suffered multiple injuries. Most of the injuries were upper (50.84%) and lower extremity (47.45%) as well as craniofacial injuries (62.71%). A helmet was not worn in any of the cases.

Conclusion

In the year following their introduction, E-scooter-related accidents have led to an additional burden on the emergency capacities of the involved University Hospital, especially in the summer months of 2019. Protective equipment is de facto not worn. Injuries to the extremities, head, and face were most common. None of the accident victims died. This coincides with results from other major cities in national and international comparison. A more intensive education about injury consequences of unprotected E-scooter use and the discussion of a possible obligation to wear a helmet and further protection equipment for the extremities should take place.
Influence of process parameters on the residual stress state and properties in disc springs made by incremental sheet forming (ISF)
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Junaid , Hajavifard Ramin , Buhl Johannes , Walther Frank , Bambach Markus
Published: May 2021

Disc springs are machine elements that are used when high forces need to be supplied and in limited installation space. They need to fulfil high demands on the stability of the spring characteristics, reliability and lifetime. In corrosive environments, metastable austenitic stainless steels (MASS) disc springs are often used. Tensile stresses that occur during service limit the lifetime of disc springs. Usually, their durability is enhanced by generating favorable compressive residual stresses using shot peening operations. Such operations lead to extra efforts and additional production costs. In this study, the adaptive and targeted generation of residual stresses via incremental sheet forming (ISF) is investigated as alternative to shot peening focusing on EN 1.4310 and EN 1.4401 stainless steel. Previous work has shown that ISF is capable of controlling the radial and tangential stresses in the springs. However, no analysis of the influence of the residual stress state in the rolled sheet strips and the ISF process parameters was performed. The goal of the current work is to analyze the evolution of residual stress during rolling and subsequent incremental forming of disc springs. In order to examine the role of dissipation and temperature increases in the rolling process, sheet blanks rolled at room and elevated temperature are analyzed. The characteristics of the compressive residual stresses induced by ISF are studied for different process parameters. X‑ray diffraction is used to investigate the buildup of these stresses. Using ISF, the generation of compressive residual stresses can be integrated into the forming process of disc springs, and further post-treatment may be skipped. The results show that the residual stress state in the rolled material is crucial, which requires tight control of the rolling temperature. Another result is that ISF is able to yield high compressive residual stresses and improved spring characteristics when small tool diameters and step-down values are used.
Quantifying VR cybersickness using EEG
Authors: Krokos Eric , Varshney Amitabh
Published: June 2021

Current techniques for characterizing cybersickness (visually induced motion sickness) in virtual environments rely on qualitative questionnaires. For interactive graphics to create visual experiences that enhance the illusion of presence while mitigating cybersickness, interactive measures are needed to characterize cybersickness. In this paper, we acquire EEG signals from participants as they experience vection-induced cybersickness and compare those signals to a baseline. Our study shows that there is a correlation between the participant-reported cybersickness (as measured by movements of a joystick) and brain EEG signals. Through independent component analysis, we separate those signals which are a result of cybersickness from other sources (such as eye blinks). Our user study finds that there is a highly correlative and statistically significant Delta- (1.0–4.0 Hz), Theta- (4.0–7.0 Hz), and Alpha-wave (7.0–13.0 Hz) increase associated with cybersickness in immersive virtual environments across participants. Establishing a strong correlation between cybersickness and EEG-measured brain activity provides us with the first step toward interactively characterizing and mitigating cybersickness in virtual environments.
Comparison of self-reported and public registered absenteeism among people on long-term sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders: criterion validity of the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire
Authors: Munk Killingmo Rikke , Tveter Anne Therese , Småstuen Milada C. , Storheim Kjersti , Grotle Margreth
Published: June 2021

Objective

To evaluate criterion validity of the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) by comparing iPCQ-reported occurrence and duration of long-term absenteeism (> 4 weeks) with public registry data collected from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV) among people on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders.

Method

Baseline data from a cohort study was used, in which people on sick leave for at least 4 weeks due to musculoskeletal disorders were recruited electronically through the NAV website. To compare the occurrence of long-term absenteeism overall agreement between the two methods was measured by percentages. To compare the duration (number of days with absenteeism) and adjusted duration (number of days with complete absenteeism) of long-term absenteeism we conducted intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) two-way random average agreement, descriptive statistic and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

In total, 144 participants with a median age (range) of 49 (24–67) were included. The overall agreement on the occurrence of long-term absenteeism was 100%. The ICC value was 0.97 and 0.86 for duration and adjusted duration of long-term absenteeism, respectively. The median difference(iPCQ-registry) between the two methods was 0 and 17 days for long-term absenteeism duration and adjusted duration, respectively. A significant difference between the two methods was observed (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.001) with regards to adjusted duration of long-term absenteeism.

Conclusion

The iPCQ showed good agreement with public registry data regarding the occurrence and duration of long-term absenteeism among people with musculoskeletal disorders on long-term sick-leave in Norway. However, the iPCQ does not cover part-time sick-leave and thereby potentially overestimate the total amount of long-term absenteeism.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04196634.
Multiplicative Chow–Künneth decompositions and varieties of cohomological K3 type
Authors: Fu Lie , Laterveer Robert , Vial Charles
Published: June 2021

Given a smooth projective variety, a Chow–Künneth decomposition is called multiplicative if it is compatible with the intersection product. Following works of Beauville and Voisin, Shen and Vial conjectured that hyper-Kähler varieties admit a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition. In this paper, based on the mysterious link between Fano varieties with cohomology of K3 type and hyper-Kähler varieties, we ask whether Fano varieties with cohomology of K3 type also admit a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition, and provide evidence by establishing their existence for cubic fourfolds and Küchle fourfolds of typec7. The main input in the cubic hypersurface case is the Franchetta property for the square of the Fano variety of lines; this was established in our earlier work in the fourfold case and is generalized here to arbitrary dimension. On the other end of the spectrum, we also give evidence that varieties with ample canonical class and with cohomology of K3 type might admit a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition, by establishing this for two families of Todorov surfaces.
Cytogenetic events in the endosperm of amphiploid Avena magna × A. longiglumis
Authors: Tomaszewska Paulina , Kosina Romuald
Published: May 2021

This study analysed cytogenetic events occurring in the syncytial endosperm of theAvena magnaH. C. Murphy & Terrell × Avena longiglumisDurieu amphiploid, which is a product of two wild species having different genomes. Selection through the elimination of chromosomes and their fragments, including those translocated, decreased the level of ploidy in the endosperm below the expected 3n, leading to the modal number close to 2n. During intergenomic translocations, fragments of the heterochromatin-rich C-genome were transferred to the D and Al genomes. Terminal and non-reciprocal exchanges dominated, whereas other types of translocations, including microexchanges, were less common. Using two probes and by counterstaining with DAPI, theA. longiglumisand the rare exchanges between the D and Al genomes were detected by GISH. The large discontinuity in the probe labelling in the C chromosomes demonstrated inequality in the distribution of repetitive sequences along the chromosome and probable intragenomic rearrangements. In the nucleus, the spatial arrangement of genomes was non-random and showed a sectorial-concentric pattern, which can vary during the cell cycle, especially in the less stable tissue like the hybrid endosperm.
Correction to: Puberty Blockers and Suicidality in Adolescents Suffering from Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Biggs Michael
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02056-y
Double Dutch Finally Fixed? A Large-Scale Investigation into the Readability of Mandatory Financial Product Information
Authors: Scheld D. , Stolper O. , Walter A.
Published: June 2021

With the introduction of short-form disclosure documents, financial regulation in the EU emphasizes the use of plain language to facilitate comprehensibility. We evaluate whether these documents and the accompanying plain language guidelines improve the readability of mandatory product information addressed to mutual fund investors. Applying advanced text mining algorithms, we benchmark the readability of product information by means of objective and readily replicable methods. While mutual fund information on average does not come in plain language, we find that readability improved significantly following the introduction of Key Investor Information Documents (KIIDs). Improvements are driven by simpler syntax and writing style. By contrast, the authors find that the use of jargon remains pervasive and report noncompliance with mandatory design requirements. We discuss our results and propose potential disclosure improvements.
Explanation Within Arm’s Reach: A Predictive Processing Framework for Single Arm Use in Octopuses
Authors: Carls-Diamante Sidney
Published: June 2021

Octopuses are highly intelligent animals with vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural repertoires. Despite these similarities, vertebrate-based models of cognition and behaviour cannot always be successfully applied to octopuses, due to the structural and functional characteristics that have evolved in their nervous system in response to the unique challenges posed by octopus morphology. For instance, the octopus brain does not support a somatotopic or point-for-point spatial map of the body—an important feature of vertebrate nervous systems. Thus, while octopuses are capable of motor tasks whose vertebrate counterparts require detailed interoceptive monitoring, these movements may not be explainable using motor control frameworks premised on internal spatial representation. One such motor task is the extension of a single arm. The ability of octopuses to select and use a single arm without the guidance of a somatotopic map has been regarded as a motor control puzzle. In an attempt at a solution, this paper develops a predictive processing account of single-arm extension in octopuses.