bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hidden Health Opportunities: The Role of Building Standards in Adapting to Air Pollution in a Changing Climate
Authors: Salehi Amir Reza , Sparks Matt , Saari Rebecca
Published: March 2024

Air pollution, the largest global environmental health threat, associated with millions of premature death each year, is getting worse with climate change. To protect their health from air pollution, governments encourage people to stay indoors and avoid high pollution episodes. Moving indoors to reduce exposure to outdoor air is a form of avoidance adaptation. The frequency of this adaptive action can affect the amount of time people spend inside buildings. In Europe and North America, people already spend 90% of their time indoors. Air pollution from outdoors can infiltrate the building envelope, exposing people to pollution of outdoor origin at all times, and reducing the value of avoidance adaptation. To better understand the effect of this infiltration on human health, we examine the impact of building standards on the value of avoidance adaptation. This involves considering the costs of improving building envelopes and ventilation, and associated benefits due to avoided premature death from air pollution exposure. We conduct a historical study in the United States from 1980 to 2010 to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of costs and benefits associated with improving building standards to enhance adaptation to air pollution. This includes investigating past missed opportunities in reducing mortality and laying the foundation for future studies on existing long-term opportunities, all within the context of a changing climate. To achieve this, we establish baseline levels of exposure to the most harmful air pollutant, fine particulate matter, under this historical building stock across the United States. Subsequently, we assess the benefits and costs realized under each building standard improvement scenario (Improved Building Envelope and Improved Ventilation). This study will identify the demographics that can benefit the most from these improvements, quantifying, for example, the potential net gains of improving housing quality for low-income communities. It will address open questions on the value of adaptation in protecting human health under increasing risks from a changing climate.
Study of Nature-Based Solutions for the Huang River Watershed
Authors: Lin Guan-Yu , Liao Kuo-Wei , Lin Pohsaun , Wei Kai-Lun , Hsieh Tsungyu
Published: March 2024

In response to the increasingly complex challenges faced by our environment and society, there's a paradigm shift in flood management practices within the field of hydraulic engineering. Traditional approaches using gray infrastructure are giving way to Nature-based Solutions (NbS), which prioritize sustainability and ecosystem-based approaches. Despite widespread discussions about NbS potential, there's a lack of a clear framework for its application and evaluation. This paper aims to apply Nature-based Solutions (NbS) measures for the Huang River Watershed, located in northern Taiwan. A clear process for planning and assessing the benefits of NbS is established while providing relevant case studies as demonstrations. The planning process thoroughly considers the opinions of stakeholders. To evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented measures, several methods such as hydraulic modeling using HEC-RAS 2D, ecosystem service assessment via Integrate Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), and flood risk analysis through reliability analysis are adopted. Results shown that the designed wetland can reduce the flooded area downstream of the Huang River by 9.86% for a 50-year flood and by 3.95% for a 2-year flood; the designed wetland will increase carbon storage by 75.74% and reduce soil erosion by 50.77%, while habitat quality will be maintained at a similar level and the probability of flooding reduces to 3%. By leveraging the above assessment methods, this study can bridge the gap between engineering and ecological conservation fields via demonstrating the benefits of NbS implementation. The outcomes of this research are intended to serve as a valuable reference for future studies and inform decision-making processes related to similar projects.
Tuning thermal reradiation pressure accelerations for Sentinel-
Authors: Vielberg Kristin , Kusche Jürgen , Peter Heike
Published: March 2024

For radar altimetry missions such as Sentinel-6, a precise orbit is mandatory for deriving reliable sea surface heights. In addition to accurate tracking measurements, precise orbit determination relies on high-fidelity non-gravitational force models. At 1300km the solar radiation pressure (SRP), which varies mainly with the satellite’s orientation towards the Sun, is the dominating non-gravitational force. Additionally, the acceleration due to the Earth radiation pressure (ERP) acts on the satellite and decreases with increasing satellite altitude. As the radiation of Sun and Earth is partly absorbed at the satellite’s surface, the satellite experiences an additional force due to the thermal reradiation of heat (thermal reradiation pressure, TRP). Aerodynamic forces are in constrast negligible at around 1300km altitude.In previous investigations, we extended the conventional radiation pressure force models with a focus on a GRACE-like satellite. Our SRP and ERP model extensions can be easily applied to other satellites with available geometry and thermo-optical material properties. However, transferring the heat-conductive TRP model to other satellites is more challenging, as assumptions on the materials’ thermal diffusivity and thickness as well as inner heat sources need to be made to adequately model the satellite’s surface temperature.In this study, we attempt to develop a TRP force model for Sentinel-6. We depart from GRACE settings and refine our model stepwise. Boundary conditions are updated and the material properties are replaced with available information or assumptions. Then, a stepwise tuning is necessary to match the modelled surface temperatures with thermistor measurements. We choose one beta cycle during the year 2023 for our experiments. Preliminary investigations reveal that the tuning of the satellite’s thermal properties varies strongly with the beta angle.
Locust infestation in China in 1358-1911 and its relation with changes in East Asian monsoon climate
Authors: Wang Pao K.
Published: March 2024

Locust infestation has been a serious threat to agriculture and its occurrence of locust infestation is closely related to the climate condition, especially drought. Because agriculture was the main economic activity of China in historical time, damages on agricultural produce due to locust infestation had been recorded continuously in national chronicles for more than 2000 year. In this study, we will utilize the locust infestation records in Chinese historical documents in 1358-1911 to form temporal and spatial series, perform statistical analyses and infer possible changes in East Asian monsoon climate during this period.We will utilize the digitized meteorological record database in China, called REACHES (Reconstructed East Asian Climate Historical Encoded Series. See Wang et a., 2018, Nature: Scientific Data, 5, 180288), to extract locust records in 1358-1911 corresponding to Ming and Qing dynasties of China to perform analysis. In a previous study (Lin et al., 2020) we had shown that the locust infestation is closely related to the general drought condition in Qing dynasty (1644-1911). In the present study we expand the total period length to include Ming dynasty. We will perform time series analysis as well as spatial analysis to understand the relation of locust infestation and other climate variables.Previous studies of locust infestation in East Africa by United Nations show that the movement6s of locust swarms are closely related to monsoon fronts. Our preliminary analysis shows that this also appears to be the case in the movements of East Asian locusts. Thus it is possible that we can use the locust infestation series to reconstruct past changes in East Asian monsoon climate.
Hydration of the Oceanic Lithosphere: Impact on Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry and Seismicity.
Authors: Mezri Leila , Ferrand Thomas P. , Diehl Alexander , García-Pintado Javier , Bickert Manon , Pérez-Gussinyé Marta
Published: March 2024

Slow and ultraslow spread oceanic lithospheres consist of a mixture of magmatic rocks and mantle rocks with variable alteration degrees. However, the nature, extent and distribution of alteration mineral assemblages are not well constrained. Understanding this alteration pattern at ridges is key to determining the nature of hydrothermal fluids and the seismic structure of the oceanic lithosphere, with implications for seismogenesis at ridges, transform fault zones, and subduction zones. Here, we present 2D numerical models that aim to explore the nature of alteration mineral assemblages and the seismic structure of the oceanic lithosphere during ultraslow magma-poor spreading. For this, we couple thermodynamic calculations with a visco-elasto-plastic model. We simulate the formation of the oceanic lithosphere, ongoing faulting, magmatism, hydrothermal cooling and hydration reactions, starting from continental extension to oceanic spreading. We compare our results with the Gakkel Ridge and the magma-poor section of the Southwest Indian Ridge at 64°30’ East; as both present similarities in the magma production rate and mineral assemblages suggesting similar conditions of hydrothermal alteration [1-3]. Our model reproduces the observed seismic structure of this part of the oceanic lithosphere and its alteration mineral assemblages. Importantly, we show that the interaction between faulting, hydrothermal cooling and hydration reactions results in a complex compositional nature of the oceanic lithosphere. In particular, we find a correlation between the spatial distribution of seismicity peaks and changes in mineral stability fields at mid-ocean ridges. We discuss the impact of such a compositional complexity on hydrothermal vent chemistry and the seismogenic behavior of the oceanic lithosphere.1- Patterson, S.N., et al., High temperature hydrothermal alteration and amphibole formation in Gakkel Ridge abyssal peridotites. Lithos, 2021. 392: p. 106107. 2- Bickert, M., M. Cannat, and D. Brunelli, Hydrous fluids down to the semi-brittle root zone of detachment faults in nearly amagmatic ultra-slow spreading ridges. Lithos, 2023. 442: p. 107084.3- Dessimoulie, L., et al., Major and trace elements exchanges during fluid-rock interaction at ultraslow-spreading oceanic lithosphere: Example of the South West Indian Ridge (SWIR). Lithos, 2020. 352: p. 105233. 
Cover cropping induces the formation of Mn(II) hotspots within close proximity of particulate organic matter
Authors: O'Sullivan James , Richardson Jocelyn , Guber Andrey , Cavigelli Michel , Kravchenko Alexandra
Published: March 2024

Manganese plays a crucial role in the cycling of soil organic matter. Under aerated conditions, Mn (IV) is the most common oxidation state of Mn(IV). Mn(IV) can be reduced to Mn(III) and then to Mn(II) by processes such as waterlogging which constrains O2 diffusion into the soil and prompts microbes to use oxidised metals, such as Mn(IV), as terminal electron acceptors. The oxidation of these reduced Mn species leads to the formation of Mn oxides, which occlude and adsorb organic matter, thereby protecting soil organic matter against microbial degradation. Cover crops, known to enhance soil C content and modify soil pore structure, may affect Mn oxidation and reduction, potentially contributing to soil C gain. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of cover cropping on the oxidation state and microscale distribution of Mn in relation to pores and particulate organic matter. Intact cores (5 cm diameter, 2.5 cm height) were collected from 7.5 to 10 cm depth in soils of two experimental sites. The first was an Alfisol from Kellogg’s Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research Experiment in Central Michigan. The second was an Ultisol from the USDA Farming Systems Project Long-Term Agricultural Research Experiment in Beltsville, Maryland. All treatments underwent annual tillage under a corn-soybean-wheat rotation. The cover crop treatments included a leguminous winter cover crop. The Alfisol and Ultisol soils had sandy-loam and silty-clay textures, respectively. To determine the Mn oxidation state and distribution in relation to the soil pores, X-ray µCT, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) imaging were used. We identified that under conventional agriculture, Mn(II) and Mn(III) hotspots were located 150 µm from the soil pores, whereas Mn(IV) was found to be directly adjacent to soil pores. In both soils, cover cropping increased the area of Mn(II) by 1.15 times, with these hotspots surrounding particulate organic matter. While this was also true for Mn(III) in the Maryland soil, with Mn(III) being located at close distances to particulate organic matter under cover cropping, we did not observe a similar trend in the Michigan soil which may be due to contrasting soil textures. These findings suggest that additional organic matter inputs through cover cropping may induce the formation of reduced Mn. Re-oxidation of these lower oxidation state hotspots to Mn(IV) may play a pivotal role in enhancing soil C persistence.
Rapid analysis using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy can enhance Soil Carbon Monitoring
Authors: Adam Sean , Jackisch Conrad
Published: March 2024

To gain a better understanding of changes in soil carbon stocks and composition it is essential to have data on relevant soil properties with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, traditional laboratory analysis can be both time-consuming and expensive, ultimately limiting data availability. Mid-DRIFTS (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy in the mid-IR range) is a cost-effective alternative to conventional analytical methods. It enables the simultaneous inference of multiple soil properties, such as soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content, soil texture, and cation exchange capacity, from measured spectra. This makes it a valuable analytical tool for soil monitoring.To successfully integrate mid-DRIFTS into a soil monitoring concept, a spectral library representative of the target is required as the basis for multivariate or machine-learning-based calibration models. Here, we want to present the initial results obtained using the BDF-SSL, a soil spectral library we created as the foundation for integrating mid-DRIFTS in agricultural soil monitoring in Saxony, Germany. The library's core consists of nearly 300 spectra obtained from retention samples from agricultural soil monitoring sites in Saxony, which were collected over the past 20 years.We focused on the inference of soil carbon content, including three thermally derived carbon fractions (TOC400, ROC, TIC900) we measured according to DIN19539 by combustion. Additionally, we calibrated models for a wide range of other soil properties, such as soil texture, nitrogen and phosphorus content, elemental concentrations and cation exchange capacity. We used both Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Cubist, and the Memory Based Learner (MBL) to calibrate the models.Both Cubist and MBL consistently outperformed PLSR. Our models show high predictive accuracy for the carbon fractions, total nitrogen and phosphorous contents, cation exchange capacity and texture. In addition, we are also able to predict several elemental concentrations, such as Fe, Al, or Ni contents with high accuracy. Our results show that mid-DRIFT can be used to enhance spatial and temporal coverage of soil monitoring, allowing not only for more accurate estimations of soil carbon stocks and sequestration rates, but also for the rapid estimation of several other soil properties.
Crop switching in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India can improve water and food sustainability with increased farmers’ profit
Authors: Chakraborti Ruparati , Davis Kyle Frankel , DeFries Ruth , D. Rao Narasimha , Joseph Jisha , Ghosh Subimal
Published: March 2024

Water and food security in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is severely affected due to the intensive irrigated agriculture, growing population, and changing climate. Agricultural intensification with the water-intensive rice-wheat system has increased the water demand in India. The declining monsoon rainfall and increased irrigation with more reliance on groundwater sources have resulted in groundwater depletion over India’s fertile region, the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), with high energy usage. Despite several agricultural technology developments, no improvement is found in calorie production from cereal crops per unit of water consumption in the IGP. Crop switching from water-intensive rice and wheat to climate-resilient nutri-cereals can be a potential solution for water sustainability, but other dimensions i.e. food supply, and farmers’ profit need to be considered for implementation. So, a multi-objective optimization framework is needed to address the social, economic, and environmental sustainability objectives which are conflicting in nature, to find the optimal cropping pattern. In this study, an optimization model is developed and applied for crop switching with objectives to maximize calorie production, and farmers’ profit and to minimize water consumption by reallocating the cropped areas between cereals at the district level. Application of the model suggests switching from rice to millet and sorghum in the Kharif Season (monsoon), and wheat to sorghum and barley in the Rabi season (winter), which could potentially decrease water consumption by 32%, increase calorie production by 39%, and elevate farmers' profits by 140%. Water and energy savings (with the replaced cropping pattern are higher than changing irrigation practices (i.e. from flood to drip). So, crop switching coupled with efficient irrigation practices (drip) contributes to saving more energy and water. These findings suggest the potential of crop switching to address the multidimensional sustainability challenges in agricultural practices in the IGP, with a scope of application to other regions grappling with similar issues. The implementation of crop switching is driven by multiple factors such as the willingness of farmers, incentives, and other strategies for farmers to shift crop practice, procurement of nutri cereals through Minimum Support Price, subsidized supply through the Public Distribution System, and consumer demand; thus, leaving an opportunity to explore these aspects in future studies for policy framing towards sustainable agricultural practices.
Anthropogenic influence on extreme temperature changes over the mid–high latitudes of Asia
Authors: Jiang Wenhao , Chen Huopo
Published: March 2024

The influence of anthropogenic (ANT) activity and the other external factors on extreme temperature changes over the mid–high latitudes of Asia are analysed using the different forcing simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The optimal fingerprinting technique and the probability ratio (PR) are employed to detect and quantify the influences of the external forcings on extreme temperature changes, which include annual maximum daily maximum temperature (TXx), annual minimum daily minimum temperature (TNn). Results indicate that TXx and TNn have increased from 1979 to 2014, and the simulations from historical (anthropogenic plus natural; ALL), greenhouse gas (GHG), and anthropogenic (ANT) experiments reasonably reproduce the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme temperatures. Based on the optimal fingerprinting method, the impact of ANT forcing, in which GHG forcing is critical, can be detected in the changes of warm extremes and cold extremes. ANT and NAT forcings are separately detectable for warm extremes. GHG forcing can be separated from other ANT forcings for cold extremes but not warm extremes. Furthermore, the analysis applying the PR method shows that the probability of observed warm extremes that occur once in 20 years over the mid–high latitudes of Asia has risen by approximately three times owing to the anthropogenic influence, whereas the cold extremes became once in 50 years. Briefly, the increased anthropogenic activity has exacerbated the warm extremes and soothed the cold extremes over the mid–high latitudes of Asia during the past decades.
Disinformation and science : the climate change lens
Authors: Gori Paula
Published: March 2024

Disinformation pollutes the information environment and damages citizens and the democratic process. Among others, it also erodes trust in institutions, media and science.
As mentioned in the last IPCC report, disinformation resulting in public misperception of climate risks is delaying urgent adaptation planning and implementation. How to deal with disinformation on a topic, such as the anthropogenic origin of climate change, on which 97% of scientist agree?
This paper will first introduce some of the main climate change disinformation narratives currently circulating and will highlight how such content is produced. It will then focus on how such content is shared to then look at what can be done to counter such disinformation. The focus on response will follow the whole of society approach, from pre-and de-bunking, to communication and science communication, to media literacy and regulatory responses.
Predicting the fault beneath a newly-created earthquake-related landform: A case study of Leader Fault rupture during the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand
Authors: Tanner David , Brandes Christian , Nicol Andy , Igel Jan , Tsukamoto Sumiko , Rudmann Julia
Published: March 2024

In outcrops, the hanging-wall and/or footwall structure around a fault are often exposed, while the underlying fault is poorly resolved. In these cases, it is desirable to estimate the location and shape of the fault at depth, especially if it belongs to an active fault system prone to large earthquakes. The Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake occurred two minutes after midnight on 14th November 2016, causing at least 17 faults in the northeast South Island of New Zealand to rupture, including a number of faults that had not been previously mapped. One of these smaller new faults is the Leader Fault, which at the surface displaces Mesozoic interbedded greywacke and argillite. In outcrop, the fault rupture caused an over 3 m high, 20-30 m wide, and over 120 m long hanging-wall fold to appear at the surface.In September 2022, we used a differential global navigation satellite system to map the topography of the fold. We collected a total of 1493 points over a map area of 4526 m², i.e. an average point density of ca. 1 point per 3 m². The data were meshed into a three-dimensional triangular surface, which was then sectioned into ten cross-sections, each 10 m apart and perpendicular to the fold axes. We present fault-prediction modelling of two of these sections. In the Movetm software (Petroleum Experts), we used two methods of fault prediction; constant heave and constant slip. Both methods require implicit information about the hanging-wall shape, the position of the fault at the surface and the “regional”, i.e. the position of the hanging wall before deformation. Before the modelling, all this information was known apriori; i.e. we mapped the shape of the ground surface, we knew the fault to outcrop at the break of slope at the front of the leading edge, and the regional is an extension of the undeformed footwall. Both modelling techniques require a seed, i.e., a small portion of fault at the surface with a certain angle of dip. We use a horizontal and a 60° dipping seed.We can estimate the fault geometry down to a depth of 20-25 m. For both sections, we predict the fault is steep, greater than 60°. Using a flat seed gives a slightly listric fault geometry, but in any case, the fault is steep down to 20 m depth before flattening out slightly. Compared to a small (15 cm) outcrop of the fault plane (dipping 75° WNW) at the surface at the northern end of the outcrop, the best matches are given by modelling with constant slip. The steep fault geometry is governed by the basement rock that has steep bedding that also dips ca. 70° WNW.
Spatio-temporal variable drag for the sub-ice-shelf melt parameterisation in NEMO, ocean model
Authors: Vallot Dorothée , Jourdain Nicolas , Mathiot Pierre
Published: March 2024

Ice-shelf basal melting in NEMO, as in most ocean models, is parameterised based on a friction velocity calculated from a drag coefficient that is constant in space and time, usually tuned to approach observed melt. But the drag between the ice and the ocean should depend on the roughness at different scale. This means that roughness evolution in space and time is not taken into account in today's model. In recent decades, some ice shelves, particularly in the Amundsen Sea Embayement (ASE), have experienced an increase of their damage, associated with more surface and basal crevasses so their sub-shelf environment is rougher. There is good chances that this phenomenon is to happen more in the future and in an extended number of ice shelves. Here we present a study using a spatially variable coefficient of drag, which depends on the topography and is applied on the first wet cell height. We use the ice shelf parameterisation of NEMO4.2 on a configuration of ASE at 12th of a degree.
Trophic cascades in simplified soil food webs and consequences for carbon cycling
Authors: Lejoly Justine , Wang Yuxin , van Hoof Esther , Favre Valentin , Quist Casper , Geisen Stefan , Veen Ciska
Published: March 2024

The soil microbiome is widely recognized as an important driver of soil carbon (C) cycling but the role of soil fauna is largely overlooked. It is proven that microbivores, e.g., bacterivorous nematodes, can alter the microbiome composition and activity, but the microbivores themselves can be controlled by their predators. How these higher trophic interactions impact the soil microbiome, through trophic cascades, remains to be investigated, as well as the consequences for soil C cycling.We tested the existence and direction of trophic cascades in soil food webs by manipulating the presence of bacterivorous-dominated nematode communities and their predators (nematode-feeding mite Gaeolaelaps aculeifer) in a full factorial design. After microbial re-inoculation of sterilized grassland soil and soil food web reconstruction, we monitored the decomposition of added grass litter and associated C mineralization during five weeks. We also characterized the soil microbiome composition by phospholipid fatty acid analysis and 16S sequencing.While the presence of nematodes mostly did not affect C cycling, the addition of predators decreased C mineralization by 10 %. However, litter decomposition rates were unaffected by soil food web composition. Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of predators may result in enhanced soil C stabilization, at least in the short term. The presence of predators also resulted in a shift in microbiome composition, notably with higher Gram(+):Gram(-) ratios, but no change in microbial biomass, suggesting that nematodes may shift their diet because of predation. Our results confirm that the effects of nematodes and their predators on the soil microbiome are not additive and that predators can alter soil C cycling trough trophic cascades. As predators are often sensitive to land use change and intensification, these findings suggest that loss of belowground predators may result in increased C losses following litter decomposition.
Immobilization of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) – Experimental and Model-based Analysis of Leaching Behavior
Authors: Haslauer Claus , Bierbaum Thomas , Kleinknecht Simon , Junginger Tobias
Published: March 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic chemicals. Within the diverse PFAS class with thousands of individual species, the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are of environmental concern due to their pronounced stability, prevalent occurrence at contaminated sites globally, and their detrimental health impacts.On contaminated sites, soil contamination often originates from sources like firefighting foams, industrial waste, or fertiliser from processed waste. This study is closely linked to the “Rastatt case”, where more than 1000 ha agricultural land are contaminated with PFAS due to the application of paper-fiber biosolids, and investigates PFAS immobilization as a strategy to mitigate the risk of groundwater contamination.The current understanding of the fate and transport of PFAS within the subsurface is limited, largely due to the complex sorption processes and unidentified precursor compounds and transformation rates. The efficacy and long-term stability of PFAS immobilization are crucial parameters for field applications but have not been verified to date. Furthermore, a standardized experimental methodology for testing PFAS immobilization has not been established.This presentation characterizes PFAS leaching behaviors, examines the efficacy and long-term stability of PFAS immobilization, and assesses the applicability of experimental methods in investigating PFAS immobilization. Mathematical models are employed to characterize various sorption processes.We found that the complexity of PFAS leaching with rate-limited sorption and biotransformation contribute to long-term leaching. Sorption to air-water-interfaces (AWIs) was highlighted as a potentially dominant retention mechanism under variably-saturated conditions.The influence of PFAS chain length on the immobilization efficacy was evident. Delayed breakthrough of short-chain PFAAs and prolonged leaching at low rates indicate that PFAS sorption to the immobilization agents is reversible. Long-term effects of PFAS immobilization were examined in column experiments with extended durations. The prediction of leaching based on this column data is compromised by indistinct precursor transformation and unaccounted AWI sorption. A thorough examination of PFAS leaching dynamics was achieved through lysimeter experiments, revealing the AWI sorption influence. However, moderate acceleration in PFAS leaching compared to field scenarios constrains long-term predictions.This presentation sheds light on the benefits and constraints on the application of PFAS immobilization for a large non-point source.
Water supply risks for thermoelectric power plants considering climate change 
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Wang Yao , De La Guardia Laura , Dang Wei
Published: March 2024

Water and energy are inextricably connected as water is needed for energy development and vice versa. This linkage is referred to as water-energy nexus, which highlights the need for integrated management and study of both resources. The nexus becomes even more complicated with climate change as both resources are greatly impacted by climate change. This study is aimed to assess the impact of climate change on water demand by thermoelectric power plants. The Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) and the Global Climate Model (GCM) are integrated to simulate water demand under future climate scenarios. The daily, monthly, and yearly water demand by selected thermoelectric power plants in Illinois are examined to explore the temporal patterns of climate change impact on water-energy nexus. Initial results showed that water use is more sensitive to shorter timescales. Compared with water withdrawal, water consumption is more sensitive to climate change.  This approach is also coupled with a hydrological model, specifically, a HSPF model, to assess the water supply risks to thermoelectric power plants in the future climate scenarios.
TGF and gamma-ray glow highlights from the ALOFT 2023 flight campaign
Authors: Ostgaard Nikolai , Lang Timothy , Marisaldi Martino , Grove Eric , Quick Mason , Christian Hugh , Schultz Cristopher , Blakeslee Richard , Adams Ian , Kroodsma Rachael , Heymsfield Gerald , Mezentsev Andrey , Sarria David , Bjorg Engeland Ingrid , Fuglestad Anders , Lehtinen Nikolai , Ullaland Kjetil , Yang Shiming , Hasan Qureshi Bilal , Sondergaard Jens ,   ALOFT team
Published: March 2024

During the summer of 2023 the  Airborne Lighting Observatory for FEGS and TGFs (ALOFT) field campaign was performed. With a NASA ER-2 research aircraft, flying at 20 km altitude, ALOFT was searching for Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGF) and gamma-glowing thunderclouds in Central America and Caribbean. The ALOFT payload included a comprehensive number of instruments: 1) Several gamma-ray detectors covering four orders of magnitude dynamic range in flux as well as the full energy range for TGF/gamma-ray glow detection (UIB-BGO and ISTORM).2) Fly’s Eye GLM Simulator (FEGS), an imaging array of photometers sensitive to different wavelengths, and electric field change meters.3) Lightning Instrument Package (LIP), giving three component electric field measurements.4) a suite of microwave radiometers and radars for cloud characterization: the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR), Configurable Scanning Submillimeter-wave Instrument/Radiometer (CoSSIR), Cloud Radar System (CRS), and X-band Radar (EXRAD) 5) An extensive set of ground-based radio observations. For all the 10 flights, 60 hours total, realtime gamma-ray detections were downlinked. Due to this simple but novel mission concept, we knew in real time if the aircraft was passing a gamma-glowing cloud and the pilot was instructed to return to the same thundercloud as long as the cloud was glowing. During the campaign ALOFT observed a total of 130 transient gamma-ray events and hundreds of gamma-ray glows. With the richness of the ALOFT observations we learned that thundercloud can glow for much longer than minute scale and over much larger areas than previously reported. We also learned that transient gamma-ray events come in a large variety and new types of events were discovered.  In this presentation we will give an overview of the main results and discoveries by the ALOFT campaign 
Modeling the formation of contrails produced by H2 fuel emissions
Authors: Vals Margaux , Terrenoire Etienne , Bonne Nicolas
Published: March 2024

Alternative aviation fuels represent a promising approach to reduce contrails climate effect. In the frame of Cirrus H2 project (DGAC funding), the influence of fuel composition on exhaust plumes emission, and therefore on contrails, is investigated using the 1D detailed microphysical code MoMiE (Modèle Microphysique pour Effluents) developed at ONERA1,2.In its most recent version the code has been adapted to Sustainable Alternative Fuels (SAF)2. It includes heterogenous freezing with soot activation by sulfur and organic species, as well as homogeneous freezing of liquid droplets of hydrated sulfates and organics, accounting for the competition between both nucleation modes. Chemiionization, brownian coagulation of particles, ice sublimation and condensation are also represented. The code outputs the different aerosols distributions (size and number) of sulfates, organics, dry soot, activated soot, and ice particles, homogeneously and heterogeneously formed. It has also been completed by the implementation of the entrainment of ambient particles (background soot, sulfates and ice particles), which are expected to play a significant role in the case of SAF, as these fuels drastically reduce soot and sulfur emissions in comparison to classical fossile kerosene fuels.The work presented here aims at adapting the microphysics of contrail formation included in MoMiE to the case of hydrogen fuel emissions. In the case of a full hydrogen fuel composition, effluents are essentially composed of water vapor and the microphysical processes of the contrail formation are expected to mainly involve the background particles. Different simulations will be performed to explore the mechanisms of contrail formation in this particular case, and will be confronted to the cases of kerosene and SAF emissions. Advancement and results of this study will be presented and discussed during the conference.1Vancassel X. et al., Numerical simulation of aerosols in an aircraft wake using a 3D LES solver and a detailed microphysical model, International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 20142Rojo C. et al., Impact of alternative jet fuels on aircraft-induced aerosols, Fuel, 2014
Noise Variations: A Journey in Search of the Whispers of Glaciers
Authors: Nanni Ugo , Tisserand Clovis , Lau Pak Yan , Didomenico Giovanni , Nanni Amelia
Published: March 2024

Come with us to the High Arctic, where we follow two friends, Clovis (a sound artist), and Ugo (a polar researcher), teaming up to capture the sounds of glaciers. Clovis leaves his Italian home to join Ugo at the Ny Ålesund base in Svalbard. In the northernmost community, Ugo and his team study Arctic glacier stability by placing microphones beneath 350 meters of ice and investigating the vibrations of glaciers. Back from the Arctic in summer 2022, two musicians joined us to interpret these sounds, offering access to the imaginative worlds they can create.
Our project is non-fictional and takes a hybrid form, combining elements of an audio-documentary and a music album. We aim to listen to the daily life of scientists, to what the glaciers are saying, and share their voice beyond the polar worlds. Doing so, we raise the question of how to make people understand the reality of climate change and how the science behind it is obtained. We will present both the work behind this project and share with you audio pieces.A preview of the project can be found here: https://soundcloud.com/ugonanni/song-of-glaciers-1
What can we learn from the SWOT Fast Sampling Phase on coastal ocean circulation: example of the North Current (NW Mediterranean Sea)?
Authors: Tolu Léna , Birol Florence , Léger Fabien , Vergara Oscar , Morrow Rosemary
Published: March 2024

The monitoring of ocean currents is a key component in many coastal applications, ranging from biogeochemical resources to marine pollution or search and rescue. During the last three decades, satellite altimetry has played an essential role in the understanding and monitoring of ocean currents at global scale. But its use is still limited in coastal areas due to a poorer data quality as we approach the coast, and a spatio-temporal data resolution considered as sparse relatively to the scales of coastal dynamical features.However, many recent studies addressing the different issues related to the derivation and exploitation of altimeter-derived coastal current velocities have shown that they efficiently complement coastal velocity fields derived from in-situ data (e.g., hydrographic observations, surface drifter and moored or ship-based acoustic Doppler velocities) or from shore‐based HF radars. Indeed, one of the major advantages of this measurement technique is to provide long time series (i.e. > 30 years) of spatially and temporally homogeneous information about the circulation and to be available at near-global scale. The data quality problem can be partially overcome thanks to dedicated processing with adequate corrections. Additionally, merging data from multiple missions has been shown to improve the spatial and temporal resolution. But few data sets including coastal processing and several altimetry missions still exist.The SWOT mission represents the beginning of a new class of altimeters. Associated to substantial improvements in terms of spatial resolution and altimetry data accuracy, it could considerably change the situation in terms of coastal applications. In this study, we study and quantify the ability of SWOT to observe coastal currents compared with conventional nadir missions on a case study: the Northern Current (NW Mediterranean Sea). In particular, we take advantage of the 1-day repeat orbit during the Fast Sampling Phase as a prototype to explore what future altimetry based on such temporal resolution could bring in coastal oceanography.
An increasing role of subsurface processes in the water circulation in the High Arctic catchment – the results from Fuglebekken, SW Spitsbergen
Authors: Osuch Marzena , Alphonse Abhishek , Hanselmann Nicole , Wawrzyniak Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Changes in the depth of the active layer thickness (ALT) in Arctic and permafrost regions significantly impact the transformation of rainfall into runoff. Due to climate change, permafrost thawing and ALT alterations modify how water is transported and stored within catchments, affecting surface and subsurface hydrological processes. This study investigates the associations between temporal changes in active layer thickness, hydrological model parameters, and variations in catchment responses.The study area covers the unglaciated catchment Fuglebekken, located near the Polish Polar Station Hornsund on Spitsbergen. For hydrological modelling, the conceptual rainfall-runoff HBV model was used. Model calibration and validation were carried out on runoff data within subperiods. A moving window approach (3-week duration) using data from the summer seasons 2014-2023 was applied to derive temporal variations of parameters. Model calibration, along with an evaluation of parametric uncertainty, was performed using the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm.A comprehensive investigation of the temporal variability of HBV model parameters demonstrated consistency in the results. The smallest parametric uncertainty and the largest temporal changes were estimated for the parameter KS representing a slow runoff reservoir. Temporal variability of the KS parameter is characterized by the presence of two maxima, the first maximum at the beginning of the ablation season (due to snowmelt and ice-rich permafrost thawing) and the second maximum in September (a result of high precipitation). The temporal variability of other parameters was smaller and usually within their parametric uncertainty.In addition, the use of the HBV model allowed for the assessment of water storage in five conceptual reservoirs characterizing catchment processes. The outcomes highlighted large changes in slow runoff reservoir, demonstrating an increasing significance of subsurface processes in the water circulation in the High Arctic catchment. The study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grant no. 2020/38/E/ST10/00139).
Geodynamica: Earth & Planets slinging Earth and (exo)planets’ structure and dynamics into Diamond Open Access 
Authors: Duretz Thibault , Arnould Maelis , Bethkenhagen Mandy , Gouiza Mohamed , Stefano Maffei , Iris van Zelst
Published: March 2024

Over the past few years, different fields of Earth Sciences have witnessed the inception of several community-led diamond open access journals (e.g., Volcanica, Tektonika, Seismica). The aim is to remove the paywall barriers by publishing peer-reviewed articles at no cost to both authors and readers, thus offering a platform for true open science. Alternatives to classical for-profit scientific journals do exist: it is time to bring research on the dynamics of Earth and (exo)planets’ interior to the diamond open access arena. Therefore, we are pleased to announce the birth of a new diamond open access journal initiative called Geodynamica: Earth & Planets, with a target launch date in autumn 2024. Coordinated by a core committee of six scientists, the community-led Geodynamica: Earth & Planets journal aims at promoting academic discourse and disseminating research pertaining to the quantitative study of Earth and (exo-)planetary internal structure, dynamics, and evolution from observational to modeling perspectives. In this contribution, we will provide the vision behind this initiative, report on the structure of this journal, its scope, and the remarkable community effort that will make this new diamond open access journal a reality. 
Prediction modelling framework comparative analysis of dissolved oxygen concentration variations using support vector regression coupled with multiple feature engineering and optimization methods: A case study in China
Authors: Nong Xizhi , Lai Cheng , Chen Lihua , Wei Jiahua
Published: March 2024

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an essential indicator for assessing water quality and managing aquatic environments, but it is still a challenging topic to accurately understand and predict the spatiotemporal variation of DO concentrations under the complex effects of different environmental factors. In this study, a practical prediction framework was proposed for DO concentrations based on the support vector regression (SVR) model coupling multiple intelligence techniques (i.e., four data denoising techniques, three feature selection rules, and four hyperparameter optimization methods). The holistic framework was tested using a data matrix (17532 observation data in total) of 12 indicators from three vital water quality monitoring stations of the longest inter-basin water diversion project in the world (i.e., the Middle-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China), during the year 2017 to 2020 period. The results showed that the framework we advocated for could successfully and accurately predict DO concentration variations in different geographical locations. The model used the “wavelet analysis–LASSO regression–random search–SVR” combination of the Waihuanhe station has the best prediction performance, with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.251, 0.063, 0.190, and 0.911, respectively. The combined methods using feature selection and hyperparameter optimization techniques can significantly promote the robustness and accuracy of the prediction model and can provide a new universal and practical way for investigating and understanding the environmental drivers of DO concentration variations. For the water quality management department, this proposed comprehensive framework can also identify and reveal the key parameters that should be concerned and monitored under different environmental factors change. More studies in terms of assessing potential integrated water quality risk using multi-indicators in mega water diversion projects and/or similar water bodies are required in the future.
A Nonlocal First-Order Closure PBL Parameterization for Sensible Heat Flux using Flux Imbalance Models
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Poll Stefan , Kollet Stefan
Published: March 2024

In numerical weather prediction models, the local first-order closure of turbulence, also known as K-theory, is widely used to parameterize the turbulent flux in the surface roughness layer. The non-local effects of large eddies in turbulent flows are not resolved by K-theory, leading to the flux imbalance that the simulated and measured fluxes are typically smaller than the true heat flux. Higher order closure schemes mitigate the flux imbalance problem but lead to increased complexity in parameterization and higher demands on computational resources. At the same time, flux imbalance models based on large eddy simulation results have been able to capture non-local effects of the energy-containing large eddies that span the entire boundary layer and improve the flux imbalances on both simulation results and eddy covariance measurements. These models inspired us to propose a new modified K-theory based on a correction factor that includes the non-local effects mentioned above, without using an extra term (e.g. counter-gradient flux). The formulation of the modified K-theory is straightforward and requires atmospheric stability parameters (u*/w*) and the ratio of measurement to boundary layer height (z/Zi), which are readily available in simulations and observations.To test the performance of the modified K-theory, an idealized large eddy simulation was performed over a dry convective boundary layer with a prescribed sensible heat flux at the land surface. The result shows that the K-theory underestimates the sensible heat flux by 18% due to the mesoscale circulations, while the proposed modified K-theory reduces the underestimation to less than 6%, offering the potential to improve the parameterization in numerical weather prediction.