bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why don't patients adhere to compression therapy?
Authors: Bainbridge Paul
Published: June 2014

This article explores the psychological influences on patients and their choices over adopting (or not) the advice of health-care professionals (HCPs) with regard to their own health. The article will examine some key theories by reviewing studies as well as examining how the patient–HCP relationship has evolved over time to try and improve patient adherence. Although specifically focusing on the area of venous leg ulcers and compression therapy, the theories relate to many health conditions. Despite health advice and compression treatments being the cornerstone of ulcer prevention and recurrence when adhered to, patient adherence levels are often persistently poor, both anecdotally and via clinical study. This article attempts to explain what influences a patient's adherence.
The effect of diabetes on oral and systemic health
Authors: Macpherson Patricia
Published: June 2014

Diabetes is increasing, affecting millions of people in the UK alone. A significant number of patients attending the dental practice will have this condition, some as yet undiagnosed. Awareness of signs, symptoms and risk factors, including the impact on oral health, will help in the management of a diabetic patient.
The effect of multiple sclerosis on oral health
Authors: Macpherson Patricia
Published: June 2014

There is a lack of awareness of the progressive auto-immune disease, multiple sclerosis. Symptoms occurring during a period of relapse may adversely affect both general and oral health and can make dental visits difficult. Knowledge of this disease will assist dental nurses in caring for patients with this disease
Changes to child maintenance: Informing and supporting parents
Authors: Wojtkow Janet
Published: June 2014

The new statutory child maintenance scheme will mean existing arrangements managed by the Child Support Agency will be discontinued. Separated parents will need to agree new maintenance arrangements to fit their circumstances, and health visitors are in a position to provide information and support during this process.
The contribution of breakfast to nutrition for low-income families
Authors: Patience Sara
Published: June 2014

Low-income families tend to have poorer diets than the wider population, which may be detrimental to nutritional status and health outcomes. Breakfast is an important meal and there is evidence that it may promote nutrient intake, help to prevent weight gain, prevent unhealthy snacking, support memory and learning and, for children in social situations such as breakfast clubs, increase socialisation and prevent bad behaviour. This article looks at how low income may affect nutritional status, how this may add to inequalities suffered and how breakfast can contribute to a more nutritionally balanced diet with better health outcomes.
Identifying vitamin D deficiency and recommendations for at-risk groups
Authors: Cowbrough Kathy
Published: June 2014

In recent years there has been an increase in identification of vitamin D deficiency in infants and children in the UK, particularly in black and minority ethnic groups. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and deficiency can lead to rickets. Sunlight is the primary source of vitamin D but, in the UK, ultraviolet radiation is not strong enough during winter months to produce adequate levels of vitamin D. As food sources are limited, supplementation is necessary for most people, particularly groups at high risk of deficiency. Health visitors have a role in raising awareness of the importance of vitamin D and promoting supplementation among pregnant and breastfeeding women and children under 3.
Understanding the development of speech and communication skills
Authors: Lyons Sarah
Published: June 2014

This article provides an understanding of the development of communication skills in children aged 0–5 years, and discusses the possible reasons for communication difficulties. The importance of the health visitor's role in identifying children with communication difficulties is emphasised. The effectiveness of joint working between health visitors and speech and language therapists is advocated in order to improve outcomes for children with communication difficulties.
The health visitor's role in identifying and responding to child trafficking
Authors: Eccleston Dawn
Published: June 2014

This paper identifies the issues surrounding child trafficking. It looks at types of trafficking and how to identify victims. The importance of identification of trafficked children is recognised and health visitors are directed to referral mechanisms. Various methods of recruitment and exploitation by perpetrators are discussed and health visitors are given information about how to spot the signs that a child or children may be victims of human trafficking. The paper discusses the resources that are available and concludes that health visitors have an important role to play in education and policy development.
Institute of Health Visiting promotes core e-Learning for Health modules
Authors: McInnes Elaine
Published: June 2014

There are 76 modules in the e-Learning for Health course on the Healthy Child Programme, so the Institute of Health Visiting has undertaken research to identify the key elements in order to save practitioners' time and structure their learning.
Making great strides: Fitness, fun and fundraising for charity team
Authors: Walker Melita
Published: June 2014

In February, Melita Walker told JHV about her initiative to promote the health visiting service while raising money for the NSPCC and Institute of Health Visiting. Since then, she and her team have embarked on a training regime to prepare for the big event.
Maths gets in shape
Authors: Durant Sue
Published: June 2014

These ideas for maths activities outdoors also aid physical development and encourage children's own ideas and communication skills. Have fun counting and creating patterns with different movements.
More to the story…
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2014

Much-loved film Shrek is the perfect starting point for exploring medieval life and helping children compare environments and changes over time. Look at the old with new technology…and enjoy a Lord's banquet.
The stage is set…
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: June 2014

Let's put on a play! A new series of activities based on creative jobs that people can do opens with the magical world of the theatre, with lots of reading and writing ideas before children take to the stage.
Draw clear boundaries
Authors: Stroud Anna
Published: June 2014

Consistent boundaries help children feel safe and secure, and help them understand the behaviour that is expected of them. These activities help children understand structure and routine, in the setting and beyond.
Tools for different tasks
Authors: Hampshire Viv
Published: June 2014

Tools aren't just for DIY. If children stop to think about it, tools are used for lots of jobs at home and in the setting. These activities will help build their vocabulary and ability to understand and answer questions.
Very busy spiders
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2014

Source of fear or fascination…spiders have inspired lots of story books, songs and poems over the years. Claire Hewson weaves a web of art and craft activities based on some you'll know and some less familiar tales.
Postcard from the seaside
Authors: Williams Brenda
Published: June 2014

This month's poem encourages children to remember or imagine experiences of being by the sea in this country or abroad, as well as offering reassurance about favourite toys that can't always travel with us.
A Organização Curricular nos Sistemas Educativos Inglês e Português: Uma Análise Comparativa
Authors: Esteves Mariana , Pacheco José Augusto
Published: June 2014

Em tempos de globalização, em que os sistemas educativos tendem para a uniformidade ao nível da decisão política, faz‑se a análise comparativada organização curricular dos sistemas inglês e português, com a identificaçãode diferenças significativas – na progressão dos alunos, na oferta curricular, nos procedimentos de acesso ao ensino superior e na tipologia de escolas –apesar das similaridades existentes. A partir de uma abordagem comparativa de documentos estruturantes dos dois sistemas, conclui‑se que a centralização curricular é o denominador comum dos dois sistemas, se bem que no caso português se observe um controlo curricular mais explícito e complexo,deixando‑se em aberto algumas propostas de inovação curricular.
El Juego en las Personas Mayores: Una Vía de Desarrollo Personal
Authors: Estrella África María Cámara
Published: June 2014

El juego, o actividad lúdica, es una manifestación de la vida, cuya única motivaciónes el placer de jugar. Trasladar esta idea al colectivo de las personas mayores sin otro propósito sería minusvalorar la función holística de desarrollo que tiene el juego en sí, y al grupo de personas mayores, que pueden encontrar en las actividades de animación y lúdicas, un espacio de promoción dela creatividad, del espíritu artístico, de los beneficios de la actividad física…en definitiva, de su desarrollo integral. En el texto fundamentamos la actividad lúdica de las personas mayores, en el marco del tiempo de ocio, como contribución a su desarrollo personal. Se perfilala intervención pedagógica orientadora de este proceso, dando pautas dediseño de programas de animación, según el contexto en el que viven. Se da prioridad a aquellas actividades que fomentan la autorrealización (en todas las dimensiones de la persona), la participación y las relaciones sociales.
Avaliação Formativa de Professores: Um Passo no Caminho da Melhoria do Desempenho Docente
Authors: Henriques Luís , Gaspar Maria Filomena , Silva José António Pereira da
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão dos diferentes momentos e processos da avaliação formativa de professores, pressupondo que esta tem como objetivo a melhoria da qualidade do ensino.Deste modo, o artigo apresenta um resumo dos passos a seguir para amelhoria do desempenho docente, esclarecendo em primeiro lugar o papel da avaliação formativa de professores e o porquê da sua aplicação em detrimento da avaliação sumativa. Apresenta também o processo de observaçãode aulas, instrumentos de recolha de dados, feedback, dificuldades inerentes ao processo, entre outros.Pretende‑se assim fazer uma exposição clara dos passos implicados no processo de avaliação formativa, estimulando a sua boa aplicação.
Fatores de Risco para o Insucesso Escolar: A Relevância das Variáveis Psicológicas e Comportamentais do Aluno
Authors: Miguel Rita Ramos , Rijo Daniel , Lima Luiza Nobre
Published: June 2014

A escolaridade constitui um dos pilares fundamentais da preparação dos cidadãos para a vida adulta em todo o mundo ocidental. Neste contexto, o insucesso e o abandono escolares constituem handicaps importantes, capazes de influenciar todo o desenvolvimento do indivíduo. A investigaçãodas variáveis associadas ao insucesso / abandono escolar tem identificado um conjunto diversificado de fatores de risco que podemos agrupar emtrês categorias: familiares, escolares e do próprio aluno. A investigaçãodisponível sobre estes últimos, porque mais relevantes para intervenções de natureza psicológica, é revista e criticamente analisada neste artigo. Por fim, é proposto um modelo compreensivo que integra as variáveis de natureza cognitiva, comportamental e interpessoal do aluno que parecem ter influência no desempenho e resultados escolares do mesmo.
Of frameworks and the goals of collegiate foreign language education: critical reflections
Authors: Byrnes, Heidi
Published: June 2014

The paper suggests that among reasons for the difficulties collegiate foreign language (FL) programs in the United States (and most likely elsewhere) encounter in assuring that their students attain the kind of upper-level multiple literacies necessary for engaging in sophisticated work with FL oral and written texts may be the fact that prevailing frameworks for capturing FL performance, development, and assessment are insufficient for envisioning such textually oriented learning goals. The result of this mismatch between dominant frameworks, typically associated with communicative language teaching, and the goals of literary cultural studies programs as humanities programs is that collegiate FL departments and their faculty members face serious obstacles in their efforts to create the kind of coherent, comprehensive, and principled curricula that would be necessary for overcoming what are already extraordinary challenges in an educational environment that provides little support for long-term, sustained efforts at language development toward advanced multiple literacies. The paper traces these links by examining three such frameworks in the United States: the Proficiency framework of the 1980s, based on the ACTFL oral proficiency interview, the Standards framework of the 1990s, part of a more general standards movement in U.S. education, and the most recent document, by the Modern Language Association (MLA), which focuses on the need for new curricular structures in collegiate FL education. Specifically, it provides an overview of the U.S. educational landscape with an eye toward the considerable influence such frameworks can have in the absence of a comprehensive language education policy; lays out key characteristics that would be necessary for a viable approach to collegiate FL education; probes the complex effects the three frameworks have had in collegiate FL programs; and explores how one department sought to counter-act their detrimental influence in order to affirm and realize a humanistically oriented approach to FL education. The paper concludes with overall observations about the increasing power of frameworks to set educational goals and ways to counteract their potentially unwelcome consequences.
Study abroad and the development of second language identities
Authors: Benson, Phil , Barkhuizen, Gary , Bodycott, Peter , Brown, Jill
Published: June 2014

Much of the literature on study abroad outcomes focuses on language proficiency gains or on the influence of identity factors on opportunities for language learning. A smaller number of studies have looked at the influence of study abroad on participants' identities and have highlighted outcomes that might be placed under the heading of second language identity. Based on a review of this literature and a qualitative, narrative-based study of nine Hong Kong students participating in thirteen- and six-week study abroad programmes, this paper examines the construct of second language identity and its susceptibility to development in study abroad. Three main dimensions of second language identity are identified, related to (1) identity-related aspects of second language proficiency, or the ability to function as a person and express desired identities in a second language setting, (2) linguistic self-concept, or sense of self as a learner and user of the second language, and (3) second language-mediated aspects of personal competence. The study found that most of the students reported developments along all three of these dimensions, although there were variations among individuals that were related both to the duration of the programmes and individual goals and purposes.
A neo-Hymesian trajectory in applied linguistics
Authors: Rampton, Ben
Published: June 2014

Rather than attempting a panoramic overview, this paper looks at knowledge construction in applied linguistics through the prism of a piece of data. It follows the analysis of this data into an academic argument, into a research training programme, and into professional development materials for teachers, and it argues that this empirically driven trajectory finds coherence in Hymes' writing on linguistic and ethnography.
Dominant pedagogical approaches and diverse teaching conditions: Integrating CLT in a Chinese university as a danwei community of practices
Authors: Ouyang, Huhua
Published: June 2014

With life stories of local and international teachers practicing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in a university in China, this article reveals how CLT ideological presumptions of individualism, egalitarianism and liberalism have been in a state of tension with the traditional methods and Chinese danwei characterized by collectivism, paternalism and conservatism. This tension explains the strong resistance against pedagogical agents of change in China. The article calls for a more sociological understanding of the seemingly linguistics-based and egalitarian communicative approaches to language teaching/learning.
The language of development and the development of language in contemporary Africa
Authors: Prah, Kwesi Kwaa
Published: June 2014

Arguably, few issues so overwhelmingly obsess African governments and societies as the question of development. Many would claim that it is the leading existential rationale of African governments. This has certainly been the case since the commencement of the era of African self-rule. The lack of success in making headway in the development of African societies has kept interested parties close to the grindstone. What over the past few decades has become clear to many is the fact that culture in general and language and literacy in particular are crucial to the development endeavour. The questions that emerge from there are that, what are the relevant contextual linguistic realities of contemporary Africa? How do they affect the issues attendant on development? How do the dominant assumptions and epistemology in applied linguistics relate to the challenges that face Africa today? This article will address these issues.
Language plurality of South Asia: A search for alternate models in knowledge construction
Authors: Khubchandani, Lachman M.
Published: June 2014

Under the influence of the purists' tradition in philology and in pedagogy, agencies concerned with social planning analyze linguistic heterogeneity as a serious problem of human adjustment. Viewing language in monolithic terms, there has been a traditional bias that language diversity is a problem. Constituting the mother tongue as a cult and marker of identity, many linguists and language agencies since the European Renaissance have joined nationalists (taking language as a defining characteristic of ‘nation-state’) in isolating bilinguals as being ‘rootless’ and of ‘dubious loyalty’ to the nation. In recent years, however, there has been more lip service paid to language pluralism. The characteristic of maintaining of two (or more) mother tongues is a notable feature of plurilingual India. Contemporary disciplines do not take cognizance of multiple languages existing side by side, and a speech community continues to be identified according to homogeneous constructs, in terms of formal structures and monistic values, attitudes and usage. The local and the global, the particular and the universal should be viewed, as two sides of the same coin rather than competing with each other. In the light of this, we look for new paradigms in applied linguistics so as to effectively arrest the trends of large scale commodification and homogenization pertaining to language development and make transparent the qualities of communication for an integral and sustainable development of social diversity.
Linguistic inequality and its effects on participation in scientific discourse and on global knowledge accumulation – With a closer look at the problems of the second-rank language communities
Authors: Ammon, Ulrich
Published: June 2014

This paper will show, on the basis of valid and reasonably representative data, that even in applied linguistics (where it might be expected least of all) the predominance of a single language, English, in international scientific communication excludes contributions from various non-Anglophone quarters and, consequently, contributes to skewed scientific development, especially neglecting Japanese and Chinese, but also French, German, Italian and Russian approaches (because of serious linguistic barriers and refusal to participate in linguistically “unfair” scientific communication, respectively). The paper will also submit proposals on how the situation could be improved and problems be mitigated such as, among others, regular linguistic support offered by publishers and conference organizers.
The language of the street
Authors: Cook Vivian
Published: June 2014

This paper looks at the language of the street from a perspective that draws on linguistics, writing system research and linguistic landscapes. It describes the totality of signs in two inner city streets in Newcastle upon Tyne, one virtually monolingual, one part of Chinatown, in terms of who controls the sign (licensor, owner, author, writer, reader), of serif and sans serif typefaces, and capital letters versus lowercase, and of which languages are used. It classifies the signs into: (i) locating and attracting, such as brassplates, (ii) informing, such as opening hours, (iii) controlling movement and behaviour, such as traffic signs, (iv) service signs, such as manhole covers. Multilingualism in these streets takes the form either of ‘atmospheric’ multilingualism that does not necessarily expect readers to understand the signs or of ‘community’ multilingualism that serves the needs of the Chinese community. Important aspects include: the necessity for all signs to be licensed and owned; the crucial role of the material that signs are made of; the ubiquity of signs in lowercase throughout; the almost total absence of punctuation marks; and the widespread use of serif forms of letters. The language of the street is therefore not a defective version of written language but a distinctive genre with its own grammar and conventions that needs extensive further investigation.
Vocabulary size revisited: the link between vocabulary size and academic achievement
Authors: Milton James , Treffers-Daller Jeanine
Published: June 2014

Many researchers have tried to assess the number of words adults know. A general conclusion which emerges from such studies is that vocabularies of English monolingual adults are very large with considerable variation. This variation is important given that the vocabulary size of schoolchildren in the early years of school is thought to materially affect subsequent educational attainment. The data is difficult to interpret, however, because of the different methodologies which researchers use. The study in this paper uses the frequency-based vocabulary size test from Goulden et al (1990) and investigates the vocabulary knowledge of undergraduates in three British universities. The results suggest that monolingual speaker vocabulary sizes may be much smaller than is generally thought with far less variation than is usually reported. An average figure of about 10,000 English word families emerges for entrants to university. This figure suggests that many students must struggle with the comprehension of university level texts.
Predicting international student study success
Authors: Daller Michael H , Phelan David
Published: June 2014

More and more students study outside their own countries and by 2020 a rise to 7 million international students is predicted world-wide. The present study investigates the level of language proficiency that is necessary for international students to study successfully at universities in English-speaking countries and how this proficiency can be measured. Standardized tests such as the International English Language Test System (IELTS) or the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) are carefully developed and constantly scrutinized by the research community, and they provide a valid cut-off point for entry to university, but they do not seem to be good predictors of study success on their own. This is mainly due to the fact that most students who enter universities with these tests have similar scores which leave researchers with a truncated sample where correlations between these test scores and study success, e.g. marks obtained after one year, are necessarily low. The present study investigates alternative measures of language proficiency that can predict the study success of international students. In a longitudinal study with 74 international students a battery of language tests was used at the beginning of the academic year to predict the average marks that the students obtained at the end of the academic year. Several multiple regressions show that between 33% and 96% of the marks can be predicted with tests based mainly on vocabulary knowledge. The findings of the present study have implications for decisions on admission criteria and for language support provision in addition to subject specific learning. There may be many factors other than language proficiency that influence study success of international students such as cultural factors, motivation and familiarity with the subject area. However, our findings indicate that language proficiency and especially vocabulary knowledge is the key factor that explains in some cases almost entirely the final marks that the students achieve.
Classroom code-switching: three decades of research
Authors: Lin Angel
Published: June 2014

In this paper I provide a review of the historical development of different research paradigms and approaches adopted in studies on classroom code-switching. I also discuss the difficulties and problems faced by this field of studies and share some of my own critical reflections on how this field might move forward in the future, speaking from the position of a researcher who has been engaged in this area of studies for close to three decades.
Applied Linguistics in the Neoliberal University: Ideological keywords and social agency
Authors: Holborow Marnie
Published: June 2014

Neoliberalism and neoliberal ideology has only recently begun to gain attention within applied linguistics. This paper seeks to contribute to this development with a focus on neoliberal keywords in official texts. The ideological content of these keywords can best be understood within the political project of neoliberalism and within the political economy of contemporary capitalism. Studies which have highlighted the marketization of institutional discourse have analysed this phenomenon from a discourse-based perspective, rather than seeing neoliberal ideology in language as a contradictory manifestation of wider social relations in periods of social crises. The appearance of ideology in language, this paper holds, is unstable, unfinished, unpredictable and dependent for meaning on what Dell Hymes characterised as the “persistent” social context. The ideology of neoliberalism, for all its apparent hegemony, is not guaranteed full consent, and this applies also to its presence in language. The question of social agency is crucial to understanding the social dynamic and unpredictability of ideology in language, both in terms of who produces neoliberal keywords and how they are received and understood. This paper argues that international think tanks, articulating the interests of capital, act as powerful keyword standardisers and their influence will be examined in the production of texts in the Irish university context. However, neoliberal keywords, in certain conjunctures, will also be contested, as will be shown. The paper concludes that applied linguistics is uniquely placed to both critique and challenge neoliberal keywords in the university and that such a challenge has the potential to find wider political resonance as governments, amid continuing economic recession, recharge the ideology of neoliberalism.
RP or ‘RIP’: A critical perspective on reflective practice
Authors: Mann Steve , Walsh Steve
Published: June 2014

This paper provides a critical review of reflective practice (RP), drawing attention to particular problems with its representation, as well as proposing a more evidence-based and data-led approach to RP. Our central argument is that RP in the fields of applied linguistics, TESOL and education has achieved a status of orthodoxy without a corresponding data-led description of its value, processes and outcomes. Our concern is that RP is described in ways that are elusive, general, and vague and which may not be particularly helpful for practitioners. This is largely due to the lack of concrete, data-led and linguistic detail of RP in practice and to its institutional nature, lack of specificity, and reliance on written forms. It is also the case that, despite a small number of exceptions (e.g. Korthagen and Wubbels 1995; Walsh 2011), reflective practice is not operationalized in systematic ways.

This paper argues that applied linguistics needs to champion a description of RP's processes and impact by drawing on data-led accounts of reflective practice across a range of contexts. Too many RP accounts rely on general summaries and so are neither critical, transparent, nor usable by other practitioners. A key aspect of developing a more critical approach is the need to move beyond rosy summaries of the outcomes of RP towards accounts of how RP gets done. Where possible we need to share examples of ‘reflection in action’ so that its nature and value can be better understood. We propose here that RP needs to be rebalanced, away from a reliance on written forms and taking more account of spoken, collaborative forms of reflection; in sum, we argue for a more dialogic, data-led and collaborative approach to reflective practice.
Content and Language Integrated Learning: Panacea or Policy Borrowing Myth?
Authors: Paran Amos
Published: June 2014

This paper examines the spread of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) through a number of lenses. It argues that the supporters and promoters of CLIL position it as a near-panacea and attribute to it a large number of benefits, not all of which are supported by research. Looking at the issues arising from recent attempts to define CLIL, the paper proposes a distinction between weak and strong CLIL. The paper points to the lacunae in the research into CLIL, and suggests that these gaps are the result of educational policies that privilege a second language over other curricular subjects. Looking at the contexts where CLIL seems to succeed, as well as places where such teaching has been acknowledged to fail, it emerges that success is often connected to a high level of student selection on a number of criteria, as well as a high level of investment in teachers and teaching, and that CLIL often privileges those students who are already high achievers both in language and content. The paper then looks at the way in which the spread of CLIL policies can be understood through theories of policy borrowing and educational transfer.
Writing systems and language contact in the Euro- and Sinocentric worlds
Authors: Coulmas Florian
Published: June 2014

On the social level languages contact usually implies hierarchies, reflecting historical processes of adaptation and power relations between groups of speakers. This paper considers language contact in the written mode from the point of view of choice, that is, choice of language and choice of writing system. A wider range of factors that have a bearing on choice in contact situations of languages and their writing systems must be taken into consideration: political, social, linguistic and ideological. Examples of each kind from the Eurocentric and Sinocentric worlds are discussed and compared with each other. Particular attention is paid to the relationship bilingual writers create between the units of two languages and two writing systems which, from a sociolinguistic point of view, is seen as indicative of the status and function of the languages involved.
Globalization in the margins: toward a re-evalution of language and mobility
Authors: Wang Xuan , Spotti Massimiliano , Juffermans Kasper , Cornips Leonie , Kroon Sjaak , Blommaert Jan
Published: June 2014

Work on globalization has been concentrated on typical sites where features and phenomena are abundantly available: the huge contemporary metropolis with its explosive and conspicuous diversity in people and languages, its hyper-mobility and constant flux. Less typical places – peri-urban and rural areas, peripheral areas of countries, peripheral zones of the world, peripheral institutional zones where minorities are relegated – have been less quickly absorbed into current scholarship. Yet, upon closer inspection, there is no reason to exclude these `margins' from analyses of globalization processes and of their sociolinguistic implications. Globalization is a transformation of the entire world system, and it does not only affect the metropolitan centers of the world but also its most remote margins. Thus, we are bound to encounter globalization effects, also in highly unexpected places. A survey of these reifications of globalization at the margins will be the topic of this paper. We shall suggest a specific angle from which such forms of globalization in the margin can be most usefully addressed and we do so by drawing from examples taken from new media and communication technologies, from new forms of economic activity and, last but not least, from the perspective of legitimacy in the contentious struggle between commodification of language and the semiotic construction of authenticity.
Mentor invitations for reflection in post-observation conferences: Some preliminary considerations
Authors: Zhang Hansun Waring
Published: June 2014

Despite the push for fostering reflective practices in teacher education in the last twenty years, true reflection remains a rare commodity (Farr, 2010). By placing four video-recorded mentor-teacher meetings under the conversation analytic (CA) microscope, I show how specific mentor practices work in stimulating reflection to various degrees of success. Findings of this study illuminate the complexities of inviting and offering reflection, and in so doing, contribute to a growing understanding of teacher learning as well as the practices for fostering such learning (Johnson, 2009).
English as a lingua franca versus lingua receptiva in problem-solving conversations between Dutch and German students
Authors: Blees Gerda J. , Mak Willem M. , ten Thije Jan D.
Published: June 2014

In most universities, English as a lingua franca (ELF) is used for international courses. To promote linguistic diversity and facilitate first language education, some universities have experimented with lingua receptiva (LaRa). However, it is not clear yet which mode is most effective. This study compared the effectiveness of LaRa and ELF in conversations between Dutch and German students. Eight pairs of students, each consisting of one native Dutch and one native German, solved four maze puzzles: two using ELF and two using LaRa. Conversations were videotaped and compared quantitatively and qualitatively, and participants completed a questionnaire about their proficiency in and attitude towards the languages used. Problem-solving effectiveness was significantly higher using ELF than using LaRa. However, participants were also more proficient in English than in the native language of their conversation partner. Analysis showed that it was this difference in proficiency and not the language mode that explained the higher effectiveness of ELF. Language attitude and previous exposure did not have a significant effect on effectiveness. The study shows that linguistic prior-knowledge is an important factor to take into account when choosing a multilingual communication constellation.
A matter of reception: ELF and LaRa compared
Authors: Hülmbauer Cornelia
Published: June 2014

This article addresses the conceptual differences and commonalities between two modes of intercultural communication: English as a lingua franca (ELF) and Lingua Receptiva (LaRa). While the former is more frequent and wide- spread but disputed for reasons of monolingual dominance, the latter is lesser known und contextually restricted but praised for preserving linguistic diversity. The article takes such common presumptions as a starting point for a detailed comparative investigation of the concepts ELF and LaRa. The first section is dedicated to the overall language frameworks of the two modes. It thus points to their constellational specificities and the notions of locality and context involved in them. The second part takes a closer look at the speaker/hearer perspectives assumed in ELF and LaRa as well as at the different manifestations of linguistic variability and accommodation emerging from them. The third part is then concerned with the assumedly most prominent dividing points between lingua franca and lingua receptiva, namely issues of range, linguistic diversity and eventually the relative degree of plurilinguality exhibited in the two modes. In a final comparative summary of the points raised, the article ultimately comes to the conclusion that ELF and LaRa are not at all mutually exclusive but overlapping communicative modes. It thus argues that intercultural speakers could profit from using them in a complementary fashion.
Grinding Characteristics of Black Soybeans (Glycine max) at Varied Moisture Contents: Particle Size, Energy Consumption, and Grinding Kinetics
Authors: Lee Youn Ju , Yoo Jin Sil , Yoon Won Byong
Published: June 2014

The effects of moisture content on the grinding characteristics of black soybeans were studied. The average particle size of the black soybean powder was smaller as the moisture content was decreased by drying. Bond’s constants and the work index showed lower values as the moisture content decreased. A sigmoid model accurately described the grinding kinetics of the black soybean powder (R
2 > 0.90). The parameters in the sigmoidal models were useful to explain the effect of moisture content during grinding. However, at higher moisture contents, the sigmoid model did not accurately fit the grinding kinetics. The grinding characteristics of black soybeans showed a strong dependence on moisture content. Adjusting the moisture contents of black soybeans using a pretreatment such as drying is very important to control the grinding characteristics, including the energy consumption and the average particle size, during grinding.
An Empirical Examination of Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis: From Market Process to Austrian Business Cycle
Authors: Mulligan Robert F. , Lirely Roger , Coffee David
Published: June 2014

Minsky proposed classifying firms in three categories: (1) hedge finance units which borrow no more than they are able to service in interest and principal out of operating cash flows, (2) speculative finance units which are overleveraged to the point where they can service interest on their debt out of operating cash flows, but cannot repay the principal, and thus must continually roll over their existing debt, and (3) Ponzi finance units, whose operating cash flows are inadequate even to service interest on their debt. In Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis (FIH) protracted prosperity leads endogenously to firms overleveraging themselves and transforming a market dominated by hedge finance into one dominated by speculative and Ponzi finance. Since Ponzi finance units are forced to sell off assets to service their existing interest payments, once the market is sufficiently dominated by Ponzi finance units, this creates an oversupply of assets offered for sale, and the resulting debt deflation causes a financial crisis and drastic shortage of liquidity. It appears this crisis state can be brought about by a deceptively low critical mass of Ponzi and speculative finance units. This paper uses a large 2002–2009 quarterly data set of all publicly traded North American firms and foreign firms traded on North American exchanges, a total of 8,905 stocks. Financial ratios are used to classify these firms in each quarter according to Minsky’s FIH categories. Market value is used to weight the categories, and average betas are computed as measures of volatility. Results provide dramatic support for the FIH. The FIH is then reinterpreted in terms of Austrian business cycle (ABC) theory, which depends on inflationary credit expansion to drive the unsustainable prosperity. According to Minsky’s FIH, unsustainable prosperity emerges endogenously as long periods of economic expansion make borrowers and lenders alike more willing to engage in investment activities for which they fail to see the inherent risk. It becomes clear that this process is amplified and exacerbated by credit expansion. Minsky’s FIH helps flesh out some of the missing dynamics of the malinvestment liquidation phase of ABC theory, and the two views turn out to be surprisingly complementary.
Olfactory Neuroblastoma and Olfactory Ventricle
Authors: Pozzati Eugenio , Martinoni Matteo , Marucci Gianluca , Bacci Antonella
Published: June 2014

A case of dumbbell nasal and intracerebral olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) related to possible seeding through an “olfactory ventricle” in the olfactory bulb and nerve is reported. This anatomic variant was recognized at operation for the first time: it consists of a hollow cavity within the olfactory bulb and nerve which may be connected to the subventricular zone of the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle. Better scrutiny of this structure is necessary in view of its possible interference with the course and diffusion of ONBs.
Flow-Diverter Stent for the Treatment of a Non-Origin Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Alokaili Riyadh Nasser , Ahmed Muhammad Ejaz
Published: June 2014

We describe the case of a 44-year old man with a ruptured wide-necked non-origin aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery successfully treated with placement of a low porosity stent. To our knowledge, there are no cases in the literature of a non-origin posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm treated with a flow-diverter stent.
Asymptomatic Non-Bifurcating Carotid Artery
Authors: Lourenco Pedro , Heran Manraj
Published: June 2014

Vascular anomalies of the carotid vessels are rare and pose a challenge in diagnostic radiology. With the widespread use of non-invasive vascular imaging techniques, such as CT and MR angiography, understanding the natural variation and congenital anomalies that can occur is becoming increasingly important. Here, we describe a case of a very rare anatomical variant: a non-bifurcating left carotid artery, and perform a concise review of the literature and knowledge available on this interesting anatomical variant.
Unusually Large Anterior Fontanellar Bone and Diffuse Capillary Malformation with Overgrowth in a Three-Month-Old Child
Authors: Gonzalez-Reinoso Massiel , Pimentel Helka , Fermin-Delgado Rafael , Stoeter Peter
Published: June 2014

The case presented describes the simultaneous occurrence of an unusually large anterior fontanellar bone with a syndrome of vascular malformation and overgrowth in a three-month-old child, which to our knowledge has not yet been reported. This combination may strengthen the arguments for a possible genetic contribution to the occurrence of supernumerary ossicles in the skull. Although of minor clinical importance, the shape and variations of these Wormian bones should be well-known to prevent misleading interpretations of imaging Results.
The association of colitis ulcerosa and coeliakia with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Bodoki Levente , Nagy-Vincze Melinda , Griger Zoltán , Péter Andrea , Dankó Katalin
Published: June 2014

The authors discuss a rare case of a 25-year-old female patient having dermatomyositis associated with celiac disease and ulcerative colitis. The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are systemic, chronic, immune-mediated diseases characterized by proximal, symmetrical muscle weakness. Many examples from the literature refer that celiac disease occurs more often in patients with myositis than in the general population, but its association with ulcerative colitis is a real rarity in the international literature. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1033–1038.
A new model to simulate climate‐change impacts on forest succession for local land management
Authors: Yospin Gabriel I. , Bridgham Scott D. , Neilson Ronald P. , Bolte John P. , Bachelet Dominique M. , Gould Peter J. , Harrington Constance A. , Kertis Jane A. , Evers Cody , Johnson Bart R.
Published: June 2014

We developed a new climate‐sensitive vegetation state‐and‐transition simulation model (CV‐STSM) to simulate future vegetation at a fine spatial grain commensurate with the scales of human land‐use decisions, and under the joint influences of changing climate, site productivity, and disturbance. CV‐STSM integrates outputs from four different modeling systems. Successional changes in tree species composition and stand structure were represented as transition probabilities and organized into a state‐and‐transition simulation model. States were characterized based on assessments of both current vegetation and of projected future vegetation from a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). State definitions included sufficient detail to support the integration of CV‐STSM with an agent‐based model of land‐use decisions and a mechanistic model of fire behavior and spread. Transition probabilities were parameterized using output from a stand biometric model run across a wide range of site productivities. Biogeographic and biogeochemical projections from the DGVM were used to adjust the transition probabilities to account for the impacts of climate change on site productivity and potential vegetation type. We conducted experimental simulations in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. Our simulation landscape incorporated detailed new assessments of critically imperiled Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) savanna and prairie habitats among the suite of existing and future vegetation types. The experimental design fully crossed four future climate scenarios with three disturbance scenarios. CV‐STSM showed strong interactions between climate and disturbance scenarios. All disturbance scenarios increased the abundance of oak savanna habitat, but an interaction between the most intense disturbance and climate‐change scenarios also increased the abundance of subtropical tree species. Even so, subtropical tree species were far less abundant at the end of simulations in CV‐STSM than in the dynamic global vegetation model simulations. Our results indicate that dynamic global vegetation models may overestimate future rates of vegetation change, especially in the absence of stand‐replacing disturbances. Modeling tools such as CV‐STSM that simulate rates and direction of vegetation change affected by interactions and feedbacks between climate and land‐use change can help policy makers, land managers, and society as a whole develop effective plans to adapt to rapidly changing climate.
Neglected role of fungal community composition in explaining variation in wood decay rates
Authors: van der Wal A. , Ottosson E. , de Boer W.
Published: June 2014

Decomposition of wood is an important component of global carbon cycling. Most wood decomposition models are based on tree characteristics and environmental conditions; however, they do not include community dynamics of fungi that are the major wood decomposers. We examined the factors explaining variation in sapwood decay in oak tree stumps two and five years after cutting. Wood moisture content was significantly correlated with sapwood decay in younger stumps, whereas ITS‐based composition and species richness of the fungal community were the best predictors for mass loss in the older stumps. Co‐occurrence analysis showed that, in freshly cut trees and in younger stumps, fungal communities were nonrandomly structured, whereas fungal communities in old stumps could not be separated from a randomly assembled community. These results indicate that the most important factors explaining variation in wood decay rates can change over time and that the strength of competitive interactions between fungi in decaying tree stumps may level off with increased wood decay. Our field analysis further suggests that ascomycetes may have a prominent role in wood decay, but their wood‐degrading abilities need to be further tested under controlled conditions. The next challenging step will be to integrate fungal community assembly processes in wood decay models to improve carbon sequestration estimates of forests.