bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene/graphene‐nanoplatelets nanocomposites with improved thermochemical stability: The role of surface polarity of graphene‐nanoplatelets
Authors: Ghadami Karder Hamidreza , Pircheraghi Gholamreza
Published: August 2024

Recent studies have shown that graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) absorb free radicals and slow polymer degradation. A study has been conducted to investigate the effects of GNP polarity and concentration on polyethylene stability in ClO2‐containing water. The addition of graphene nanoplatelets SG: high polarity and CG: low polarity improved the thermo‐oxidative stability of bimodal high‐density polyethylene (PE100). As a result of the application of traditional primary and secondary antioxidants, as well as the addition of 0.1% CG, the thermo‐oxidative stability of PE100 was significantly increased, according to the oxidative induction time (OIT). The synergistic thermal stabilization effect of GNP is derived from the free radical scavenging and tortuous path effect of CG. Rheological measurements showed that the appropriate nanofiller and antioxidant combined prevent polymer thermo‐oxidation degradation during melt processing. As a result of 3 weeks of aging in chlorine dioxide‐containing water, the neat sample (PE100) demonstrates only 50% elongation at break, whereas the sample with 0.6 wt% of CG shows 200% elongation at break after 3 weeks, due to the formation of a tortuous barrier and radical scavenging of the CG structures.

Highlights

DPPH assay test confirms the antioxidant scavenging capability of the GNPs.

The appropriate nanofiller and antioxidant combined to prevent polymer thermo‐oxidation degradation during melt processing.

Low polarity GNP can be dispersed more uniformly in the nanocomposite matrix.

Nanocomposite containing lower polarity GNP shows more resistance against thermochemical degradation.
Development and characterization of air jet vortex yarn with novel fiber blends
Authors: Alam Khurshid , Rahman Mahbubur , Li Menghan , Rahman Md Ashikur , Aptabusjaman Md , Islam Tarikul , Xing Mingjie
Published: August 2024

Air jet vortex spinning has become more popular due to its higher productivity, improved yarn quality, and recent technological advancements. This research explores the interplay between fiber composition, spinning techniques, and yarn properties, comparing them to traditional ring‐spun yarns. Air jet vortex spinning is typically used for fibers like viscose and polyester, with limited exploration of new fibers. This study uses novel fibers to create air jet vortex yarns, examining their spin ability, properties, and structure. Both air jet vortex and ring‐spun yarns were produced using blends of new and conventional fibers, such as Tencel A100, eco‐friendly viscose, recycled polyester, acrylic, combed cotton, and polyester, all with a linear density of 18 Ne. Compositions included acrylic/environmental viscose/combed cotton, polyester/viscose, and recycled polyester/Tencel A100 (80/20). From the analysis of mechanical properties, results revealed that air jet vortex yarns exhibited superior properties to ring‐spun yarns, except for evenness. A/R/C, T/TA100, and TR air jet vortex yarns exhibited a good tensile strength of 383.67, 702.8, and 656.4 cN, respectively, which are higher than ring spun yarns. Air jet vortex yarns showed 90% less hairiness compared with ring‐spun yarns. Moreover, the internal structure of both air jet vortex and ring‐spun yarn was thoroughly examined using scanning electron microscopy. This study also highlights the innovative potential and sustainability of air jet vortex yarns in the textile industry.

Highlights

Investigating the relationship between fiber composition, spinning techniques, and yarn properties, comparing them to traditional ring‐spun yarns.

Utilizing novel fibers to create air jet vortex yarns and analyzing their spin ability, properties, and structure.

Producing blends of new and conventional fibers, including Tencel A100, eco‐friendly viscose, recycled polyester, acrylic, combed cotton, and polyester, all with a linear density of 18 Ne.

Demonstrating superior mechanical properties of air jet vortex yarns compared with ring‐spun yarns, except for evenness, underscoring their innovative potential, and sustainability in the textile industry.
Effect of cyclosporin A on respiratory viral replication in fully differentiated ex vivo human airway epithelia
Authors: Bondeelle Louise , Huang Song , Constant Samuel , Clément Sophie , Salmona Maud , Le Goff Jérôme , Bergeron Anne , Tapparel Caroline
Published: August 2024

Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug used in transplant recipients, inhibits graft rejection by binding to cyclophilins and competitively inhibiting calcineurin. While concerns about respiratory infections in immunosuppressed patients exist, contradictory data emerged during the COVID‐19 pandemic, prompting investigations into CsA's impact on viral infections. This study explores CsA's antiviral effects on SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1, Delta variants, and human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) using an ex vivo model of human airway epithelium (HAE). CsA exhibited a dose‐dependent antiviral effect against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant, reducing viral load over 10 days. However, no significant impact was observed against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron or HPIV3, indicating a virus‐specific effect. At high concentrations, CsA was associated with an increase of IL‐8 and a decrease of IFNλ expression in infected and noninfected HAE. This study highlights the complexity of CsA's antiviral mechanisms, more likely involving intricate inflammatory pathways and interactions with specific viral proteins. The research provides novel insights into CsA's effects on respiratory viruses, emphasizing the need for understanding drug–virus interactions in optimizing therapeutic approaches for transplant recipients and advancing knowledge on immunosuppressive treatments' implications on respiratory viral infections. Limitations include the model's inability to assess T lymphocyte activation, suggesting the necessity for further comprehensive studies to decipher the intricate dynamics of immunosuppressive treatments on respiratory viral infections.
Chlorbenzuron downregulated HcLCP‐17 expression by depressing two 20E‐responsive transcription factors Br‐C and βFTZ‐F1 in Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) larvae
Authors: Zhao Yuecheng , Zhang Lu , Zou Chuanshan , Han Huilin , Li Chengde , Li Xingpeng , Song Liwen
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Cuticular proteins (CPs) play essential roles in forming cuticular structures in insects. However, the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of CPs remain largely unexplored. In this study, the Larval cuticular protein 17 (HcLCP‐17) gene was identified from Hyphantria cunea, a highly destructive and polyphagous forest pest. To investigate the role of HcLCP‐17 in cuticular function and transcriptional regulation mediated by 20E‐responsive transcription factors (ERTFs), we employed RNA interference (RNAi) and yeast one‐hybrid assay techniques. Additionally, we examined the molecular mechanism by which chlorbenzuron, a type of benzoylphenylurea (BPU) that functions as a chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI), affects the 20E signaling pathway and ultimately regulates HcLCP‐17 expression.

RESULTS

HcLCP‐17 encodes a polypeptide consisting of 393 amino acids, which includes a chitin‐binding domain. Silencing HcLCP‐17 resulted in a disturbance in the structural organization of the larval cuticle and a notable reduction in chitin levels. HcLCP‐17 expression was controlled by the interaction between Broad‐Complex (Br‐C) and beta Fushi Tarazu Factor‐1 (βFTZ‐F1) with its promoter fragment. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of chlorbenzuron on HcLCP‐17 expression was found to be potentially mediated by Br‐C and βFTZ‐F1.

CONCLUSION

The study presents a novel mode of action for the 20E signaling pathway in regulating the expression of CPs and reveals the potential mode‐of‐action of BPUs in insect cuticles. These findings provide a theoretical basis for future utilization of LCP‐17 as a pesticide target making a significant contribution to the development of effective pest management strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Limitations of Non‐Volitional Upstream Passage for Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and Blueback Herring (Alosa aestivalis)
Authors: Hill C. Ryan , O'Sullivan Antóin M. , Hogan J. Derek , Curry R. Allen , Linnansaari Tommi , Harrison Philip M.
Published: August 2024

We used PIT telemetry (n = 10,292 fish tagged) to evaluate upstream passage at a non‐volitional fishway (trap, lift, and truck) that passed approximately 10‐million river herring (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis) around the lowermost dam in the Wolastoq/Saint John River, NB between 2020 and 2023. Between 26% and 62% of tagged fish reached the fishway crowding pool, while less than 14% were detected passing upstream. River herring experienced considerable passage delays (median = 3 days) after reaching the crowder entrance. The probability of passing on the date of first detection was only 10%, and it was positively correlated with the rate of fishway operation (i.e., fish lifts/unit time). The rate and probability of passage were greater for alewife than blueback herring and increased with total length for both species. Collectively, our results suggest that passage efficiency and duration were limited by the movement capacity and operation frequency of the fishway, and potentially the (high) number of fish attempting to pass at a given time. Ultimately, if the design and operation of non‐volitional fishways do not accommodate the size and behavior (i.e., schooling density and migration time) of target populations, our results indicate that potential consequences may include passage delays, reductions in passage efficiency, and selective pressures (e.g., size and species) on target populations.
Design, Synthesis, in Silico Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies of Indole‐Sulfonamide Derivatives as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibiting Agents
Authors: Dasari Gouthami , Thirukovela Narasimha Swamy , Kumar Gajjela Bharath , Bandari Srinivas
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of indolyl aryl sulfonamide conjugates (6 a–n). The anti‐tumour activity was assessed on three human cancer cell lines: A‐549 (lung), HeLa (cervix), and MCF‐7 (breast). Nocodazole was used as a standard drug by employing the MTT assay method. The results show that the compounds 6 b, 6 l, and 6 m have shown more potent activity as compared to the standard drug Nocodazole. In a cell survivability test (MCF‐10 A), three potent compounds (6 b, 6 l, and 6 m) were evaluated against the normal breast cell line, although neither of them displayed any significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values greater than 78.45 μM. Furthermore, the compounds 6 b, 6 l, and 6 m were tested for tyrosine kinase EGFR inhibitory action using Combretastatin A‐4 as the reference drug. The in vitro tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity indicates that the compounds 6b and 6 l showed promising potency with IC50 values of 2.40±0.02 and 2.34±0.03 mM, respectively. In addition to this, molecular docking studies of compounds 6 b, 6 l, and 6 m demonstrated that these compounds had more EGFR binding interactions. The potent compounds 6 b, 6 l, and 6 m were subjected to in silico pharmacokinetic assessment by SWISS, ADME, and pkCSM. While the compounds 6 b, 6 l, and 6 m followed five filters (Lipinski rule, Ghose rule, Veber rule, Egan rule, and Muegge rule) without any deviation.
Tuning (Photo)Electronic Properties of an Electron Deficient Porous Polymer via n‐Doping with Tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Bildirir Hakan , García‐Tecedor Miguel , Gomez‐Mendoza Miguel , Alván Diego , Marcilla Rebeca , de la Peña O'Shea Victor A. , Liras Marta
Published: August 2024

Charge‐transfer complex formation within the pores of porous polymers is an efficient way to tune their electronical properties. Introduction of electron accepting guests to the electron donating hosts to conduct their p‐doping is intensively studied in this context. However, the vice versa scenario, n‐doping by treating the electron deficient (i.e., n‐type) porous polymers with electron donating dopants, is rare. In this work, synthesis of an n‐type phenazine based conjugated microporous polymer and its exposure to strong electron donating tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) dopants are presented. The fundamental physical characterizations (e.g., elemental analysis, gas sorption) showed that the vacuum impregnation technique is a good approach to load the guest molecules inside the pores. Moreover, the formation of charge‐transfer complexes between the phenazine building blocks of the polymeric network and TTF dopants are confirmed via spectral techniques such Fourier transform infra‐red, UV–vis, steady‐state/time‐resolved photoluminescence, and transient absorbance spectroscopies. Effect of the doping to the electronical properties is monitored by employing photoelectrochemical measurements, which showed lower charge‐transfer resistivity and nearly doubled photocurrents after the doping. The study is, therefore, an important advancement for the applicability of (n‐type) porous polymeric materials in the field of photo(electro)catalysis and organic electronics.
A Review of Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Hollow‐Structured Photocatalysts: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Tang Chenxi , Rao Heng , Li Shuming , She Ping , Qin Jun‐sheng
Published: August 2024

Photocatalysis is a most important approach to addressing global energy shortages and environmental issues due to its environmentally friendly and sustainable properties. The key to realizing efficient photocatalysis relies on developing appropriate catalysts with high efficiency and chemical stability. Among various photocatalysts, Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived hollow‐structured materials have drawn increased attention in photocatalysis based on advantages like more active sites, strong light absorption, efficient transfer of pho‐induced charges, excellent stability, high electrical conductivity, and better biocompatibility. Specifically, MOFs‐derived hollow‐structured materials are widely utilized in photocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR), hydrogen evolution (HER), nitrogen fixation (NRR), degradation, and other reactions. This review starts with the development story of MOFs, the commonly adopted synthesis strategies of MOFs‐derived hollow materials, and the latest research progress in various photocatalytic applications are also introduced in detail. Ultimately, the challenges of MOFs‐derived hollow‐structured materials in practical photocatalytic applications are also prospected. This review holds great potential for developing more applicable and efficient MOFs‐derived hollow‐structured photocatalysts.
Damage Initiation of 15V38 Steel Bar during Square‐to‐Round Hot Rolling Process
Authors: Dasari Siva Sai Krishna , Haffner Henry Adekola , Chandrashekhara K. , Buchley Mario F. , Lekakh Simon N. , O’Malley Ronald J.
Published: August 2024

Hot rolling processes have been extensively used to produce round bars by reducing the cross‐sectional area of continuously cast steel. The current trend toward increasing productivity often requires a more aggressive reduction per pass. Establishing safe and optimized hot rolling parameters must be determined to avoid damage while deforming the specific steel composition. Understanding the damage mechanism during the metal forming process is vital for product quality. Herein, a combined experimental and simulation approach is developed to track the evolution potential damage during hot bar rolling. Hot tension tests are conducted on as‐cast vanadium microalloyed 15V38 steel at different hot rolling temperatures and strain rate conditions to develop Johnson–Cook‐type material model. A thermomechanical finite element model is developed to simulate potential damage trends in a 12‐pass square‐to‐round and 8‐pass round‐to‐round standard industrial hot rolling process, employing damage criteria. Results are illustrated by creating a damage map at each rolling pass to determine the critical hot rolling conditions for damage initiation. Several parametric studies are also performed to illustrate the application of the suggested methodology for hot rolling process optimization. Results show that the probability of the damage initiation is higher at higher pass reductions and lower temperatures.
Characteristics, Formation Mechanism, and Removal of Large‐Sized CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 Inclusions in D2 High‐Speed Railway Wheel Steel
Authors: Bao Daohua , Cheng Guoguang , Zhang Jinwen , Wang Zhixiang , Li Wei , Li Yao , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2024

The characteristics, formation mechanism, and removal of large‐sized CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 inclusions in D2 high‐speed railway wheel steel are investigated. Large‐sized CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 inclusions are present in the continuous casting billet, with SiO2 and CaO content ranging from 5 to 15 and 30 to 65 wt%, respectively. The size mainly exceeds 10 μm. These inclusions originate from the calcium‐treatment stage of the refining process, during which liquid CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 inclusions are formed in the liquid steel. The contact angle between these inclusions and the liquid steel is below 40°, which results in excellent wettability. Consequently, the inclusions are difficult to remove from the liquid steel and are thus inherited into the billet. By reducing the SiO2 content and controlling CaO content between 8 and 30 wt%, small‐sized inclusions are formed. This requires reasonable control of the Al and Ca content in the liquid steel. When the Al and Ca content in liquid steel is maintained at 0.012 wt% and 8 ppm, respectively, the inclusions in the billet are mainly CaO·6Al2O3 (CA6) and CaO·2Al2O3 (CA2), both under 5 μm in size. These inclusions represent the suitable inclusions in steel.
Innovatives Pulverlack‐Beschichtungssystem für den Stahlwasserbau
Authors: Bachert Bernd
Published: August 2024

Ungeschützter Stahl korrodiert an der Atmosphäre, im Wasser und im Erdreich. Um die statische Sicherheit zu gewährleisten und die Dauerfestigkeit zu erhalten, müssen Stahlkonstruktionen jeglicher Art vor Korrosion geschützt werden. Stahlwasserbauten wie Schleusen, Wehranlagen, Kanalbrücken, Schiffshebewerke und Wasserkraftanlagen prägen weithin unsere Wasserstraßen, Küstenbefestigungen und Hafeneinrichtungen. Sie sind einem besonders hohen korrosiven Angriff ausgesetzt, denn neben atmosphärischen Einflüssen wie Wind und Wetter setzen ihnen besonders das Wasser, ständige Wasserwechsel sowie aggressive Stoffe, wie z. B. Salze und Mineralien, zu. Da solche Konstruktionen und Bauwerke i. d. R. Jahrhundertinvestitionen darstellen, sind ihr Erhalt, die Nutzung und die Betriebssicherheit über Generationen eine volkswirtschaftliche Notwendigkeit. Aber nicht nur die Korrosion stellt ein Problem für den Stahlwasserbau dar, auch das Bilden von Biofilmen und der Anwuchs von Algen und Muscheln können zu Problemen führen, welche sich bis hin zur Einschränkung der Funktionsfähigkeit der Anlagen entwickeln können. Das neue Pulverlack‐Beschichtungssystem verhindert beides und trägt somit dazu bei, die Wartungsintervalle zu verlängern, die Lebensdauer von Stahlbauteilen von Stahlwasserbauwerken zu erhöhen und damit die Lebensdauerkosten zu reduzieren. Damit leistet das neue Pulverlack‐Beschichtungssystem einen innovativen und nachhaltigen Beitrag zum Erhalt von Bauwerken im Stahlwasserbau.
Being a physicist: Gendered identity negotiations on the pathways to becoming an elite female physicist in the United Kingdom
Authors: Miller‐Friedmann Jaimie , Hillier Judith , Wilkin Nicola
Published: August 2024

Much research investigates why women do not participate in physics, or why female attrition in physics is high; this study focuses on elite female academic physicists and how they have persisted and succeeded in their fields. As opposed to researching reasons for attrition or not participating, this study focuses on six elite female academic physicists' strategies for flourishing in a male‐dominated field. Through semi‐structured life‐history interviews, the participants' narratives revealed their gendered identities to be hybrid: they all identified as female, but performed a particular kind of masculinity by actively embodying four of the same characteristics that normally deter females from participating in physics. This perspective is used to discover how these women, pioneers in their subfields, actively negotiated hostile environments and became successful. These findings give insight into the identities female physicists construct so that they can follow their passion; understanding why they made these choices provides an opportunity to make change in physics departments as well as the messages the science education community sends to young physicists.
Elevating leadership learning: Critical considerations for training, design, and implementation
Authors: Bitton Adrian L. , Barnes Amy C.
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the research and scholarship of leadership training. We begin by defining and giving context to the concept of leadership training. Then, we provide a high‐level literature review of the history and components of leadership training (e.g., content, pedagogy, and assessment). Next, we connect leadership training with the leadership learning framework (LLF) to address common critiques of leadership training. The article concludes with projections of leadership training in the future and ethical questions for leadership educators to consider when designing leadership training programs.
Possible Process Optimization: Innovative Digital Health Implementation Models
Authors: Avagyan Anna , Minasyan Elya , Khachatryan Hamlet , Gevorgyan Smbat
Published: August 2024

The digitization in healthcare faces challenges in LMICs. The success of digital tools depends on having a workforce capable of designing, implementing, and maintaining such tools. Relevant training of professional staff and familiarisation with new tasks are crucial processes for the optimization of digital tools’ performance. In the broader context, interdisciplinary and interprofessional healthcare interventions often focus on outcomes such as length of stay, readmission rates and/or mortality. However, the effects of digital health interventions on these outcomes have been inconsistent in low-and middle-income countries. The current chapter discusses identified challenges in different digital health implementation models. Addressing these challenges and conducting further research and evaluation can contribute to successfully implementing digitization and process optimization in healthcare settings, leading to improved patient outcomes and quality of care.
Integrability and renormalizability for the fully anisotropic SU(2) principal chiral field and its deformations
Authors: Kotousov Gleb A. , Shabetnik Daria A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

For the class of 1 + 1 dimensional field theories referred to as the non-linear sigma models, there is known to be a deep connection between classical integrability and one-loop renormalizability. In this work, the phenomenon is reviewed on the example of the so-called fully anisotropic SU(2) Principal Chiral Field (PCF). Along the way, we discover a new classically integrable four parameter family of sigma models, which is obtained from the fully anisotropic SU(2) PCF by means of the Poisson-Lie deformation. The theory turns out to be one-loop renormalizable and the system of ODEs describing the flow of the four couplings is derived. Also provided are explicit analytical expressions for the full set of functionally independent first integrals (renormalization group invariants).
Integrated textural and geochemical analysis of igneous zircon by atom probe tomography
Authors: Foley Michelle L. , Bloch Elias M. , Gerstl Stephan S.A. , Putlitz Benita , Baumgartner Lukas P.
Published: August 2024

Mechanisms relating to growth and/or compositional modification of zircon occur at the atomic scale. For felsic igneous systems, processes responsible for growth patterns in zircon have previously remained elusive as the volume of material needed to analyze these compositional features using traditional in-situ methods is considerably larger than the typical sub-micron scale distribution of trace elements. To illuminate some of these driving forces, we characterize and quantify minor and trace element concentrations in igneous zircon grains by combining methods of cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, electron microprobe microanalysis (EMPA) elemental maps for Hf, Y, Yb and U or Th, and atom probe tomography (APT). We focus on igneous zircon from the Chon Aike Silicic Large Igneous Province (Patagonia) that provide novel insights into (1) dissolution and re-crystallization during crustal anatexis, (2) crystallization to produce oscillatory zonation patterns that are typical of igneous zircons, and (3) the incorporation of trace element impurities (e.g., P, Be, and Al) at the nanoscale. Significantly, these APT volumes provide nanoscale sampling of boundaries between oscillatory growth zones in an igneous zircon to reveal compositional zoning of Y and, to a lesser extent P, which appear as high-angle, planar features. These concentration boundaries measured on the order of 10 to 12 nm are difficult to reconcile with proposed mechanisms for generating fine-scaled oscillations. Lastly, we fit diffusional profiles to measured Y concentrations to provide an estimate on the maximum timescales of zircon growth prior to eruption, as a function of the temperature at which diffusion occurred. When combined with known pressure-temperature-time paths for the magmatic system considered, these extremely short diffusion profiles that are resolvable by APT provide a powerful method to constrain timescales of crystal growth.
Effect of different tube feeding methods on gastroesophageal reflux features in preterm infants: a pH-impedance monitoring study
Authors: Martini Silvia , Meneghin Fabio , Aceti Arianna , Cerchierini Nadia , Beghetti Isadora , Lista Gianluca , Corvaglia Luigi
Published: August 2024

A stepwise approach is currently considered the best choice to manage gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in preterm infants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different tube feeding techniques on GER frequency and features in symptomatic tube-fed preterm neonates. Tube-fed infants < 34 weeks’ gestation were eligible for this prospective, bicentric, cross-over study if, due to GER symptoms, they underwent a diagnostic 24-h combined pH and multiple intraluminal impedance (pH-MII) monitoring. During the monitoring period, each infant received the same feeding cycle, repeated twice: continuous tube feeding, bolus feeding followed by tube feeding permanence and by tube feeding removal. The impact of these three feeding modalities on pH-MII GER features was assessed. Thirty-one infants were enrolled. Despite a low number of reflux episodes, a significant decrease in total GERs (P < 0.001), in GERs detected by pH monitoring (P < 0.001), and in both acid and non-acid GERs detected by MII (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively) was observed in association with continuous feeding compared to bolus feeds, followed or not by tube feeding removal. Compared to continuous feeding, both bolus feeding modalities were associated with a significantly higher number of proximal GERs (P < 0.001). No difference in any pH-MII parameter was observed in relation to tube feeding persistence after bolus feeding administration.

Conclusions: Continuous feeding and boluses may have a different impact on pH-MII GER features in symptomatic tube-fed preterm infants, whereas the permanence of the feeding tube across LES did not seem to worsen GER indexes.

What is Known:

• Due to the functional and anatomical immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in preterm infants.• A stepwise therapeutical approach which firstly undertakes conservative strategies is the most advisable choice to avoid potentially harmful pharmacological overtreatments in the preterm population.

What is New:

• Continuous feeding and boluses may have a different impact on GER features assessed by pH-MII monitoring in tube-fed preterm infants.• The permanence of the feeding tube during or after the feeding period did not seem to worsen GER occurrence.• By reducing GER features, especially acid GER, continuous feeding may potentially contribute to limit the need for antiacid medications in this population.
Tumor board simulation improves interdisciplinary decision-making in medical students
Authors: Fink Kevin , Forster Marie , Oettle Matthias , Büttner Marcel , Eze Chukwuka , Käsmann Lukas , Tufman Amanda , Kauffmann-Guerrero Diego , Bolt Toki A. , Kovacs Julia , Neumann Jens , Mücke Johannes , Heuser Sonja , Corradini Stefanie , Walter Franziska , Niyazi Maximilian , Belka Claus , Dreyling Martin , Fischer Martin R. , Fleischmann Daniel F.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Training of interdisciplinary clinical reasoning and decision-making skills, essential in daily clinical practice in oncological specialties, are still underrepresented in medical education. Therefore, at LMU University Hospital Munich, we implemented a didactically modified tumor board simulation with experts from five different disciplines (medical oncology, pathology, radiation oncology, radiology, and surgery) presenting patient cases into a one-week course on the basic principles of oncology. In this survey, we examined the self-assessed impact of our course on the interdisciplinary decision-making skills of medical students.

Methods

Between November-December 2023 and January-February 2024, we surveyed two cohorts of medical students in the third year of medical school in our one-week course before and after participating in the tumor board simulation. The objective was to evaluate the self-assessed knowledge in interdisciplinary clinical decision-making, in integrating ethical considerations into clinical reasoning, and in comprehension of various professional viewpoints in interdisciplinary decision-making. Knowledge was assessed using a five-step Likert scale from 1 (no knowledge) to 5 (complete knowledge).

Results

The survey was answered by 76 students before and 55 after the simulation, equaling 60–70% of all 100 course participants. Mean knowledge level regarding principles of interdisciplinary clinical decision-making improved significantly in all of the following exemplary aspects: purpose and procedure of tumor boards in clinical practice (from 2.4 ± 1.1 to 4.0 ± 1.0, Spearman’s ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001), principles of dealing with ethical challenges in oncology (from 2.4 ± 1.1 to 3.4 ± 1.0, ρ = 0.4, p < 0.001), and principles of shared decision-making in oncology (2.7 ± 1.1 to 3.7 ± 1.0, ρ = 0.4, p < 0.001). Students reported that their skills in clinical decision-making and ability to discuss oncological patient cases from different professional viewpoints improved due to the teaching course.

Conclusion

By employing our interdisciplinary one-week course and a didactically modified tumor board simulation featuring experts from various oncological disciplines, medical students’ comprehension of interdisciplinary clinical decision-making in oncology improved significantly.
Multi-agent platform to support trading decisions in the FOREX market
Authors: Hernes Marcin , Korczak Jerzy , Krol Dariusz , Pondel Maciej , Becker Jörg
Published: August 2024

Trading decisions often encounter risk and uncertainty complexities, significantly influencing their overall performance. Recognizing the intricacies of this challenge, computational models within information systems have become essential to support and augment trading decisions. The paper introduces the concepts of trading software agents, investment strategies, and evaluation functions that automate the selection of the most suitable strategy in near real-time, offering the potential to enhance trading effectiveness. This approach holds the promise of significantly increasing the effectiveness of investments. The research also seeks to discern how changing market conditions influence the performance of these strategies, emphasizing that no single agent or strategy universally outperforms the rest. In summary, the overarching objective of this research is to contribute to the realm of financial decision-making by introducing a pragmatic platform and strategies tailored for traders, investors, and market participants in the FOREX market. Ultimately, this endeavor aims to empower people with more informed and productive trading decisions. The contributions of this work extend beyond the theoretical realm, demonstrating a commitment to address the practical challenges faced by traders and investors in real-time decision-making within the financial markets. This multidimensional approach to financial decision support promises to enhance investment effectiveness and contribute to the broader field of algorithmic trading.
Porn or Partner Arousal? When It Comes to Romantic Relationships, Not All Sexual Arousal Is Equal: A Prospective Study
Authors: Lawless Nicholas J. , Karantzas Gery C.
Published: August 2024

Little is known about the role of subjective sexual arousal within romantic relationships. The current paper addresses this limitation using a prospective study design that investigates the direct associations between subjective sexual arousal induced by a romantic partner (partner arousal) and arousal induced by pornography (porn arousal) on changes in relational outcomes. A total of 309 participants who were in a current romantic relationship completed measures of partner and porn arousal as well as relational outcomes (i.e., sexual satisfaction and relationship quality and stability) at baseline (T1) and completed a second assessment of relational outcomes 2 months later (T2). Partner arousal was found to have no significant associations with changes in relational outcomes; however, porn arousal was associated with significant declines in sexual satisfaction and relationship quality and stability over a 2-month period. This paper is the first to examine how feeling sexually aroused by porn may impact relational outcomes for those in romantic relationships.
Community assembly among potential invasive plants in Antarctica shaped by life history characteristics and climate warming
Authors: Bokhorst S. , Convey P. , Aerts R.
Published: August 2024

Species arrival sequence in new habitats impacts plant community development. This ‘priority-effect’ is documented, but mechanisms by which early arriving plants dominate future communities are less clear, complicating our ability to predict community assembly under future climate warming and assess invasive species threats. This is particularly important for ecosystems that are vulnerable to invasive species, such as those of the Antarctic Peninsula. To test how phenological differences and arrival order affect community composition of invasive plants, we simulated maritime Antarctic climate conditions, and a warming scenario. We established monocultures of six species potentially invasive to the Antarctic Peninsula (three forbs and three grasses), which exhibit a range of germination times ranging from 22 and 68 d, and a mixed community of all species. Before entering a simulated winter, half of each monoculture (n = 10) received the full seed mixture while the other half received seeds of their respective starting species. During the following simulated growing season, we quantified if the community composition was influenced by arrival order and whether species germination and growth responses differed from their monocultures and starting species. Community compositions differed across all starting communities and were typically dominated by the starting species. Phenological differences influenced individual and total biomass and plant height, but faster germinating species did not consistently dominate the final plant community. Forbs and grasses negatively impacted each other’s biomass. Warming enhanced priority effects (more negative or positive). Phenological priority has ecologically relevant influences on community assembly, but its effect on plant growth is context dependent in terms of species and temperature conditions. In particular, our data suggest that phenological priority influences plant biomass and size while niche pre-emption affects seed germination. Future trajectories of polar terrestrial plant communities will depend on the arrival order of colonizing non-native plants and their germination rates.
How educational chatbots support self-regulated learning? A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Guan Rui , Raković Mladen , Chen Guanliang , Gašević Dragan
Published: August 2024

Engagement in self-regulated learning (SRL) may improve academic achievements and support development of lifelong learning skills. Despite its educational potential, many students find SRL challenging. Educational chatbots have a potential to scaffold or externally regulate SRL processes by interacting with students in an adaptive way. However, to our knowledge, researchers have yet to learn whether and how educational chatbots developed so far have (1) promoted learning processes pertaining to SRL and (2) improved student learning performance in different tasks. To contribute this new knowledge to the field, we conducted a systematic literature review of the studies on educational chatbots that can be linked to processes of SRL. In doing so, we followed the PRISMA guidelines. We collected and reviewed publications published between 2012 and 2023, and identified 27 publications for analysis. We found that educational chatbots so far have mainly supported learners to identify learning resources, enact appropriate learning strategies, and metacognitively monitor their studying. Limited guidance has been provided to students to set learning goals, create learning plans, reflect on their prior studying, and adapt to their future studying. Most of the chatbots in the reviewed corpus of studies appeared to promote productive SRL processes and boost learning performance of students across different domains, confirming the potential of this technology to support SRL. However, in some studies the chatbot interventions showed non-significant and mixed effects. In this paper, we also discuss the findings and provide recommendations for future research.
Lessons learned during a 12-year monitoring project with the endangered Magdalena River turtle (Podocnemis lewyana): hunting pressure, habitat degradation, and methodological considerations
Authors: Páez Vivian P. , Bock Brian C. , Toro-Cardona Felipe A. , Cartagena-Otálvaro Viviana M.
Published: August 2024

Turtle species in the Family Podocnemididae, including the Colombian endemic and critically endangered Magdalena River Turtle Podocnemis lewyana, characteristically present low recapture rates that preclude estimation of population parameters using maximum likelihood modeling. In our 12-year monitoring project with this species, we evaluated changes in relative abundances, proportions of sex/size classes, and individual body sizes and body conditions in a population in four channels in the middle Magdalena River drainage. We also inspected for associations between trends in changes in these variables and differences in hunting pressure and habitat degradation. To inspect for temporal and spatial demographic dynamics, we estimated variation in relative abundances using the Catch Per Unit Effort index, the total number of turtles captured over an entire 5-day sampling period using ten baited funnel traps. Relative abundances and the proportions of sex/size classes were different between sites and years. We found a significant decline in the proportion of females and juveniles over time, along with evidence that the females still present were smaller in body size. Our results support the hypothesis that hunting eliminates adult females from these sites, perhaps also translating into a reduction in recruitment. The lack of evidence of generalized declines in body condition of all size classes suggests that habitat degradation might contribute less to the population declines in this region. Our results also illustrate that even when recapture rates are low, monitoring turtles via standardized trapping may yield insights into the population’s conservation status that other relative abundance indices cannot.
Advancing Porphyra linearis (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) culture: low cost artificial seawater, nitrate supply, photosynthetic activity and energy dissipation
Authors: Pereira Débora Tomazi , Korbee Nathalie , Vega Julia , Figueroa Félix L.
Published: August 2024

Fertilizer use in agriculture and aquaculture significantly contributes to nitrate-rich effluent discharge into aquatic environments. Porphyra's high surface area/volume enables efficient nutrient assimilation. This study aimed to identify a cost-effective, efficient artificial seawater medium for Porphyra linearis cultivation and determine the optimal nitrate concentration to enhance photosynthetic activity. Porphyra linearis was grown in three different salt media, with photosynthetic and biochemical parameters assessed, showing no differences. The nitrate experiment (7 days) using low-cost salt and varied concentration (0 to 6.5 mM) revealed optimal nitrate uptake at 3 and 5 mM, while 6.5 mM indicated saturation/toxicity. The phycobiliproteins contents did not increase compared to the 0 mM, but exhibited greater functionality, as evidenced by the enhanced photosynthetic parameters. Chlorophyll a peaked in 3 mM, whereas lutein and β-carotene peaked in 0 and 3 mM. The thalli turned greenish and appeared to have degraded branches under 0 mM. Growth rate was the same under all nitrate concentration and higher than under 0 mM. The presence of nitrate increased ETRin situ and ETRmax, whereas the absence decreased the range between optimal irradiance for photoinhibition (EoptETR) and saturated irradiance for photosynthesis (EkETR) and between saturated irradiance for non-photochemical quenching (EkNPQ) and EkETR, suggesting that under more nitrate available the algae dissipate less energy. P. linearis showed a wide range of nitrate use without variation in pigment composition in contrast to photosynthetic capacity. The 1.5 and 3 mM in cultivation significantly enhance the photosynthetic response of P. linearis, supporting their potential application in IMTA and bioremediation.
Towards sustainable pest management of broad scope: sol-gel microencapsulation of Origanum vulgare essential oil
Authors: Angellotti Giuseppe , Riccucci Cristina , Di Carlo Gabriella , Pagliaro Mario , Ciriminna Rosaria
Published: August 2024

Showing broad scope pesticidal properties, the Origanum vulgare essential oil is highly volatile, limiting effective agricultural applications. Aiming to develop new environmentally friendly and effective biopesticide based on O. vulgare essential oil we carried out its template-assisted sol-gel microencapsulation within silica microcapsules. The method affords mesoporous SiO2 spherical particles about 430 nm in size with uniform size distribution (polydispersion index of 0.184) having encapsulation efficiency up to 13.7 wt%, and large positive zeta potential of 22.8 mV. Dubbed herein “SiliOregan”, this new class of sol-gel materials is promising towards the development of solid biopesticides formulated in water for pest management against fungi, insects, bacteria, nematodes, and mites.

Graphical Abstract
Synergistic impact of Chlorella vulgaris, zinc oxide- and/or selenium nanoparticles dietary supplementation on broiler’s growth performance, antioxidant and blood biochemistry
Authors: Sherif Rawda , Nassef Eldsokey , El-Kassas Seham , Bakr Abdulnasser , Hegazi Elsayed , El-Sawy Hanan
Published: August 2024

The current study explored the influence of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris dried powder (CV) with zinc-oxide-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and/or selenium-nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on broilers’ growth, antioxidant capacity, immune status, histological responses, and gene expression of some related genes. Several 200 one-day-old Cobb-500 male chicks were distributed into 5 groups with four replicates each. In the 1st group, birds were fed the basal diet (BD). In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups, birds received the BD supplemented with CV only, CV + ZnO-NPs, CV + Se-NPs, and CV + ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs, respectively. The CV dried powder, ZnO-NPs, and Se-NPs were added to the BD at a rate of 1 g, 40 mg, and 0.3 mg/kg diet, respectively. After 6 weeks of feeding, increases in final body weights (P < 0.05), body weight gain (P < 0.05), and feed intake (P < 0.05) were linked with improvements in FCR (P < 0.05) and intestinal morphometric indices (P < 0.05), and marked up-regulations of MYOS (P < 0.05), GHR (P < 0.05), and IGF (P < 0.05) genes were established. Additionally, distinct increases in antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD (P < 0.05), and GPX (P < 0.05) with increases in the mRNA copies of their genes were measured. Moreover, slight improvement in immunity indices, WBCs count (P > 0.05), and phagocytic and lysozyme activities (P > 0.05) were found. However, distinct increases in phagocytic index (P < 0.05) and up-regulations of IL-1β and TNF, and down-regulation of IL-10 mRNA levels were reported (P < 0.05). These findings were prominent in the case of the separate supplementation of CV with ZnO-NPs or Se-NPs confirming the synergistic mechanisms of CV with ZnO-NPs or Se-NPs. Thus, the synergetic supplementation of CV with ZnO-NPs, or Se-NPs in the broiler’s diet could augment their growth and antioxidant response.
Bouts, Pauses, and Units of Operant Performance: A Primer
Authors: Falligant John Michael , Hagopian Louis P. , Newland M. Christopher
Published: August 2024

Operant behavior typically occurs in bouts and pauses. The microstructural analysis of bouts and pauses reveals important and separable information about the physical characteristics of the operant and the motivation behind it. An analysis of interresponse times (IRTs) often reveals a mixture of two exponential distributions. One corresponds to short IRTs within ongoing response bouts, reflecting motor properties of the operant, and the other corresponds to longer intervals between bouts, reflecting the motivation behind the response. Partitioning responses into bout initiations and within-bout responses via this two-mode framework reveals the mechanisms underlying behavior maintenance and change. This approach is used in the fields of neurotoxicology, behavioral pharmacology, and behavioral neuroscience to disentangle the contribution of motivational and motoric variables to the pattern of operant behavior. In this article, we present a primer aimed at providing essential concepts related to the analysis of response bouts and temporal dynamics of operant performance.
Flood risk assessment of a small river with limited available data
Authors: Szopos Noémi Mária , Holb Imre J. , Dávid Abriha , Szabó Szilárd
Published: August 2024

Flood risk modeling of small watercourses is challenging when only limited input data are available. Therefore, this study assessed the flood characteristics of a small river (Tarna River: entire watershed-C, upper-VS, middle-TMS, and lower section-TOS) from 1990 to 2019. The assessment focused on modeling, model calibration, and validation using feature event-based time-series data in data-scarce environments. We showed that since the 2000s, the number of high-water levels above 250 cm, and the frequency of three flood types had increased. Flood simulation results showed the largest flooded area in the TMS section, followed by the VS, and then the TOS. The outcomes from the VS, TMS, and TOS sections did not exhibit superior performance compared to the C area. Models performed well for larger flood events, with Kling Gupta Efficiency corresponding well to NRMSE and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency metrics. Accordingly, flood events characterized by the longest duration and high-water levels yielded outstanding results across all areas, followed by moderate flood events with good accuracy. Normal water level events exhibited significant deviations from the reference across all sections. In summary, despite the event-based modeling challenges in data-limited environments, such models can still mitigate potential flood events and improve decision-making processes.