bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Diagnostic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Predictor of the Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pogonchenkova I. V. , Petrikov S. S. , Kostenko E. V. , Kashezhev A. G. , Petrova L. V. , Sinkin M. V.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT. Determination of rehabilitation potential (RP) is necessary for optimal rehabilitation strategy and the best rehabilitation measures. Navigational transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has been proposed as a method for PR determination in after-stroke patients.

THE AIM. was to study the importance of navigational diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation as a neurofunctional predictor of motor function recovery after ischemic stroke.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 28 after-stroke patients, 19 men and 9 women, the mean age was 60.07±5.67 years, who underwent a course of inpatient medical rehabilitation at the Moscow Research and Practice Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine named after S.I. Spasokukotsky in 2022–2023. Clinical examination and assessment were conducted before and after the rehabilitation course using validated scales and questionnaires — the Medical Research Committee (MRCs) scale, the Box and Block Test (BBT), the modified Rankin scale (mRS); the rehabilitation routing scale (RRS). The patients were also examined using nTMS at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine with the determination of motor evoked potential (MEP) parameters from the muscles of the upper and lower extremities.

RESULTS. In patients with preserved MEP, there was a significant increase in the strength of the paretic limb on the MRCs scale from 4.00 (2.94–4.06) to 4.22 (3.83–4.89) points (p <0.001) for the upper limb and from 4.00 (3.67–4.00) to 4.44 (3.83–4.61) (p<0.001) for the lower limb. Improvements were revealed according to the mRS scale — the number of patients with an mRS score of 2 points in the group of patients with defined MEP increased by 26.1%, reached values of 1 point — 13.0% of patients, and the number of patients with an assessment of disability and self-care ability of 4 points decreased by 8.7%.

CONCLUSION. Navigational transcranial magnetic stimulation is one of the methods for assessing the rehabilitation potential in patients with ischemic stroke. But TMS should not be used as the only method of evaluating rehabilitation potential. The assessment of RP should be comprehensive and based on the complex data obtained.
Total Stripping of the Great Saphenous Vein in Varicose Vein Patients with Thrombophlebitis
Authors: Murasov T. M. , Timerbulatov M. V. , Kazbulatov S. S. , Murasov A. M. , Ibragimov D. R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Patients with varicose disease of the lower extremities may suffer from subcutaneous vein thrombophlebitis with an incidence of more than 50%. However, saphenous vein thrombophlebitis occurs against the background of varicose veins in 80% of patients. Aim. To improve the efficacy of phlebectomy in patients with varicose veins complicated by saphenous vein thrombophlebitis. A modified method of total stripping of the great saphenous vein was developed and introduced into clinical practice in City Clinical Hospital No. 21 (Ufa, Russia). The modified surgical technique is aimed at reducing the severity of postoperative hematomas, increasing the cosmetic effect and reducing the incidence of damage to the cutaneous nerve located near the large saphenous vein. The surgery technique was patented (Patent No. RU2812293C1). Materials and methods. From 2022 to 2023, total stripping of the great saphenous vein was performed in 26 patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities and thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein in Cardiac Surgery Department of City Clinical Hospital No. 21. The examined patients were divided into a control group (18 patients) and a comparison group (8 patients). The quality of life of all patients was assessed before and after surgical intervention using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results and discussion. All patients underwent total stripping of the great saphenous vein. Prior to surgery, no statistically significant difference was reported in the assessment of quality of life between the groups. The group of the modified stripping technique demonstrated positive clinical and aesthetic results after surgery. Performing total stripping of the great saphenous vein using the modified technique statistically significantly improved the quality of life in the postoperative period. Control points of examinations were on days 1, 7, 30, 90 after surgery. Conclusion. The comparative analysis of the treatment results proved the efficacy of the modified technique of total stripping in varicose vein patients with thrombophlebitis, including a higher level of quality of life, better clinical and aesthetic result of surgical treatment.
De-escalation of Radiation Therapy in the Treatment Plan of Patients with Stage I-IIV Breast Cancer after Subcutaneous/Skin-Sparing Mastectomies with Immediate Reconstruction
Authors: Rasskazova Е. А. , Zikiryakhodzhaev A. D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Indications for radiation therapy after mastectomies with/without reconstruction at T1­2N0­1M0 remain unclear; treatment standards contain references to the possible administration of radiation therapy for factors that increase breast cancer recurrence. Materials and methods. A retrospective single­center, non­randomized study enrolled 984 breast cancer patients treated at P.A. Gertsen Moscow Cancer Research Institute from 2014 to 2022. Patients were divided into 2 groups: a radiotherapy group and a non­radiotherapy group. Results and discussion. The paper presents an analysis of patients’ age, the histological structure of the tumor, immunohistochemical characteristics, tumor grade, multicentricity, presence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor cells, the state of R1 and R0 margins, and the tumor stage at risk of recurrence. Overall survival in the recurrence group accounted for 95.1%, in the non­recurrence group – 98.4%. In the radiotherapy group (group I), the overall survival comprised 98.4%; metastases were diagnosed in 4.9% of cases. In thenon­radiotherapy group (group II), the overall survival amounted to 98.2%; metastases were revealed in 5.9% of cases. Conclusion. Univariate analysis in the study groups showed that radiation therapy reduced the risk of relapse by 3.5%. In case of positive R1 margin, radiotherapy is recommended, which was confirmed in our study, the difference accounted for 14.5%, and in the presence of R1, radiotherapy is claimed to be necessary in the postoperative period. When analyzing the stage of breast cancer and the risk of recurrence, the statistical difference was revealed only at stage IIA (T1N1M0); radiation therapy reduced the risk of breast cancer recurrence. The statistical difference in groups I and II was detected at Grade 2 tumor, Ki­67 level less than 50%, presence of tumor embolism and age of patients under 40 years. Radiation therapy after subcutaneous/skin­sparing mastectomy reduces the recurrence risk by 3.2%; however, the overall survival in group I and group II accounted for 98.4 and 98.2%, respectively; the difference is not statistically significant. In our study, the criteria for prescribing radiation therapy in the postoperative period include: young age of the patients, R1 resection margin, luminal/non­luminal HER2 positive type, cN1, presence of tumor embolism.
CAPITALIZATION ERRORS FOUND IN THE TITLE OF ENGLISH ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN SELECTED JOURNALS
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: October 2024

In English, a capital letter is used for the first word of a sentence and for all proper nouns (words that name a specific person, place, organization, or thing). This research finds the capitalization errors found in the English titles of journal articles. This research uses descriptive qualitative. The data are Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pajak (JAP) and Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam (JIEI). The analysis shows that capitalization errors occurred in English titles, especially in writing prepositions such as “in, too, the, and, or, on, of, by, from, for, as, and with”. This can occur due to inaccuracy or misunderstanding about the use of prepositions. Writers are usually more concerned with the combination of words in each sentence and the continuity of the writing, the substance of the writing, rather than having to correct capital letters. In English, there is one type of word that basically cannot or should not be placed at the beginning of a sentence, namely determiner/article, prepositions, and conjunctions. Although the capitalization of words in titles might vary depending on the writer's/ author's, institution's, or publication's style, there are certain common capitalization principles to remember. 1) Any title's initial and last words should be capitalized. 2) Using capital letters for nouns and pronouns. Proper nouns are included in this category. 3) capitalizing helpful verbs and "to be" versions. 4) Capitalizing adjectives and adverbs, and 5) capitalizing articles in the title unless they are the first or last word. 6) In titles and short prepositions, do not capitalize short coordinating conjunctions like "and," "but," "or," "for," or "nor." In minimizing mistakes, it is important to know how to write capital letters in the correct title.
ANALYZING COLLAGE AS A COMMUNICATION ACT IN THE DIGITAL AGE BASED ON THE DADAISM RENEWAL MOVEMENT'S SPIRIT
Authors: Dewi Agustina Kusuma , Dwinaya Levita
Published: October 2024

Collage combines the semiotic tradition of Roland Barthes, the phenomenological tradition of Edmund Husserl, the critical tradition of Karl Marx, and the point of view of Jurgen Habermas in visual communication. The collage technique creates trans-aesthetic elements and double codes, a Dadaist method of encoding signs.  Building on previous research, this study explores collage art as a communication act and its process in the digital era. Digital photography technology and computer software facilitate quicker and easier creation of collage art, emphasizing the fundamental concept of "paste." This pasting-sticking process mirrors the communication process of art and design in the digital era, illustrating cyclical communication capable of transcending space and time. The research has several conclusions. (1) By enhancing visual communication strategies and efficiency based on the spirit of the Dadaism renewal movement, unique collages can be created as a personal sign of message(s). (2) Collages as communication act in the digital era represent dialogue in trans-aesthetics code. (3) On the other hand, with the spirit of Dadaism that contains a free mind, open creation, and emphasis on social-cultural issues, collages as a communication process are also possible to frame messages and create fallacy.
Avoidance of Medicine Wastage in Private Clinics In Hong Kong: Practitioners’ Perspectives
Authors: Yuen Simon , Cheng Calvin , Wong Helen
Published: October 2024

Hong Kong with its well-established healthcare and medicine system and professional health services is one of the renowned healthiest places in the world. In fact, Hong Kong's healthcare system is running on a dual-track basis comprising public and private sectors. This study intends to explore medicine waste management and sustainability. First, we examine the existing phenomenon of Hong Kong medicine waste. Also, we discuss the causes of medical waste from a private clinic doctors' perspective. In addition, we identifies possible policies and recommendations to minimize the medicine wastage in private clinic in Hong Kong as well as improve the healthcare supply chain practices.
Qualitative research with in-depth interviews of doctors and medical practitioners have been carried out to gather their views and opinion of medication wastage, including the current medicine waste situation and the means of handling the expired medicines. Also, the study analyzes the centralized procurement platform effectiveness and suggests some possible policies for government to adopt. Interviewees mentioned that medication waste has occurred over decades. Medicine wastages are not only financial burdens, but also social burdens. If the medication waste problem cannot be alleviated, it will affect the population health and environment in the long run.
An all-rounded healthcare supply chain with efficient logistics operations would help the government to collect excess medicines from private clinics and redistribute to some NGOs. In fact, all parties including manufacturers, distributors, prescribers, and patients have the responsibilities to maintain and implement suitable policies to prevent bulk medicine waste. This research study provides the foundation of medicine wastage in private clinics in Hong Kong. Future research can investigate the medicine wastage in other aspects as well as consolidate the literatures in both industrial and public perspectives.
The subject of labor law in the post-industrial information society and the doctrine of labor relationships
Authors: Chucha S.Yu.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. An overview of the main reports read at the round table “The subject of labor law in the post-industrial information society and the doctrine of labor relations” held on February 17, 2022 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences is presented. Purpose. The author's purpose is to indicate the main directions of transformation of the subject of labor law and fundamental scientific research in this area in order to create a comfortable legal environment for the global technological leadership of the Russian Federation in the post-industrial information society; adapt the theory of the plurality of labor relations by V.N. Skobelkin to new forms of labor organization in the context of expanding the scope of labor law and deepening the differentiation of its norms, and outline the main directions for improving the legislation on employment.
Additional evidence and rules of admissibility: the nature of the interaction
Authors: Merenkov I.V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Evidence obtained in violation of the law has no legal force and cannot be used as the basis for a court decision. However, the rules for the admissibility of evidence and the practice of their application are far from unambiguous. The purpose of the work is to show a rather contradictory approach in the practice of courts, including high-level courts. Methodology. The work uses: formal-legal, analysis, synthesis, formal-logical methods. Results. It is substantiated that the excessive rigidity of the formulated rule of admissibility of evidence does not contribute, but, on the contrary, hinders the establishment of the truth in the case, makes it impossible to really protect the rights and interests of citizens and legal entities. It is pointed out that in some cases the proposal of the court to the parties to provide certain additional evidence is unreasonable, the court actually expands the boundaries of the rule of admissibility of evidence. It should be borne in mind that the ban on the use of certain means of proof must be enshrined in acts not lower than the level of federal law, and Art. 60 of Civil Procedural Code only refers to them. The emerging trend of unreasonable expansion by the courts of the boundaries of the rule of admissibility became the reason for the intervention of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to identify the meaning of the provisions of Art. 60 of Civil Procedural Code. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the practice of applying the admissibility rules, it should be recognized as unsettled.
Investigation of criminal law aspects Institute of pre-trial cooperation agreement
Authors: Stepashin V.M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. T.Yu. Stroganova prepared a monographic study of the institution of a pre-trial cooperation agreement - the dissertation “Criminal legal aspects of the institution of a pre-trial cooperation agreement”, which she submitted for the degree of candidate of legal sciences in specialty 5.1.4 “Criminal law sciences (legal sciences)” and successfully defended at a meeting of the dissertation council 24.2.426.04, created on the basis of the Ural State Law University named after V.F. Yakovleva June 14, 2022. Results. The dissertation contains a solution to a problem that is important for the development of criminal law science. The preparation of the dissertation complies with the requirements established by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The abstract fully corresponds to the dissertation. The work in question is an up-to-date, independent, completed research containing signs of novelty and reliability and meets the requirements of Section II of the Regulations on the award of academic degrees. The author of the dissertation, Tatyana Yuryevna Stroganova, deserves to be awarded the required degree of candidate of legal sciences in specialty 5.1.4 “Criminal-legal sciences (legal sciences)”.
Time of life as a Key factor, determining human behavior
Authors: Bibik O.N.
Published: October 2024

The foundation of social relations is a symbolic exchange of deeds and benefits. Formally, the universal equivalent in modern society is money, for which almost everything can be exchanged. At the same time, money is only a tool with which a person tries to improve his life. Purpose. In fact, the fundamental equivalent in social exchange is a human's life time as a value that determines his worldview and actions. Methodology. As a starting point in this work, the theory of rational choice is used, postulating that a human minimizes costs and strives for maximum benefit for himself. In addition, the theory of social exchange is applied, which expresses, first of all, the reciprocity of people's actions (according to the formula “you to me - I to you”). The lifetime is considered as an equivalent in this symbolic exchange. Results. Subjective assessment of life time determines human behavior, which finds expression, in fact, in any social relation. For example, the period of execution of powers by elected officials and authorities is focused on the medium term, taking into account the need to adjust the direction of development of society quickly enough so that the voter could have time to feel positive changes in his life. When setting the retirement age, the average life expectancy of a person is taken into account, the increase of which determines the increase in the specified age. An increase in the standard of living, an increase in the subjective usefulness of a person's life time stimulates a decrease in the normal length of the working day. Since the subjective usefulness of life time among different segments of the population sometimes differs significantly, deviant behavior is observed, including the commission of crimes caused by a low estimate of one's own life time, lack of prospects in the future. Conclusion. Any equivalents in the system of social exchange, being culturally conditioned, represent a symbolic space that can be controlled. A human's lifetime is also subject to similar changes. It is possible to devalue time or vice versa to increase its value by lowering or increasing the standard of living, its quality, the "cost" of life, which will naturally affect human behavior. In particular, the increase in the welfare of society, the standard of living increases the extreme harmfulness, the repressiveness of criminal punishment with its invariable formal meaning, which ultimately stimulates the mitigation of sanctions.
Eurasian economic Union: prospects for the creation of Union legislation on social partnership
Authors: Obukhova G.N.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the idea of creating a unified legal framework for social partnership in the field of labor in the EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) space. The necessity of detailed regulation of the principles of the organization of socio-economic systems is substantiated, since the consistent and gradual introduction of uniform labor standards is the most important task of harmonious development. Purpose. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the Institute of Social Partnership of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union based on the study, analysis and generalization of the scientific base, current legislation and practice of its application. Methodology. In the process of achieving the goal and solving the tasks set, the general scientific dialectical method of cognition, as well as logical, systemic, historical, comparative legal and formal legal methods were used. Results. In the course of the study, we come to the conclusion that there is no uniformity in the definition and regulation of forms of social partnership in the EAEU states. Conclusion. There are gaps and conflicts with international labor standards in the labor legislation of the EAEU states, all this requires further development and regulation
On the subjectivity in lawmaking and lawformation
Authors: Viarshok I.L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The issues of lawmaking and lawformation currently have sufficient doctrinal development. However, the issue of the functional role of the subjects involved in lawmaking and lawformation is not under attentive consideration yet. Purpose. The main idea of the article is the development of a new concept that reveals a special role of the subject as a bearer of a legal consciousness in the formation of a rule of law. Methodology. A new anthropological and psychological approach is proposed. It consists in examinating the processes of formation and development of a rule of law, taking place in the conditions of human adaptation to the surrounding natural, social and technogenic reality. At the same time, the most significant social and psychological features of the manifestation of a person's legal consciousness are taken into account, that are maximally limited from its random and transient properties. The necessity of making a distinction between the subject of law, to which legal regulation is directed, and the subject of law as an independent actor in the formation of rules of law is substantiated. These two types of subjectivity are in dialectical interaction with each other and are of particular importance for the doctrinal solution of the issues of lawformation and lawmaking. It is important to separate the subject-bearer of the legal status, which implements the prescribed rule of law, from the subject-bearer of a legal consciousness, intentionally aimed at adapting to the legal reality or its transformation. Outputs. The process of purposeful formation of rules of law is differentiated from the formation (institutionalization) of law. Their comparative analysis was carried out. Conclusion. The purpose of lawmaking is to streamline social interaction through the legal regulation of social relations. The main functionof the subject of lawmaking should be recognized as a reasonable identification and observance of the boundaries of legal intervention, as well as an objective choice of methods of legal regulation. For its part, lawformation is a way of adapting a person to the natural, technogenic and social environment. The procedure and the result of lawmaking is provided by means of external regulatory impact. The process and outcome of lawformation is largely determined by the internal mechanisms of human self-regulation. A rule of law in lawmaking is a tool of legal regulation. A rule of law in lawformation is a result of self-regulation.
Invalidity of the prenuptial agreement due to its terms put one the spouse in an extremely disadvantageous situation
Authors: Temnikova N.A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The marriage contract is becoming more and more applicable, and the courts are faced with the complexity of interpreting legal norms. The principle of freedom of contract is limited in relation to the agreements of spouses. Among the restrictions, taking into account the specifics of family relations, it should be noted the provision of paragraph 3 of Article 42 of the RF IC that a marriage contract cannot contain conditions that put one of the spouses in an extremely unfavorable position, and the provisions of the marriage contract should not contradict the basic principles of family legislation. Situational norms provide the court with discretionary powers to assess the state of the spouses at the time of the dispute and those provisions of their agreement that were adopted earlier, possibly in other circumstances. In order to identify the main areas of law enforcement practice, this study was undertaken. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to consider the peculiarities of law enforcement practice in relation to the invalidity of a marriage contract due to the fact that its terms put one of the spouses in an extremely unfavorable position. Methodology. Comparative legal method, analysis, synthesis. Results. The criteria influencing the assessment of the extremely unfavorable situation of one of the spouses due to the terms of the marriage contract by the court are revealed. These include: content criterion; time criterion; quantitative criterion; comparative criterion. The principles on the basis of which the courts assess the conditions of the marriage contract for the extremely unfavorable situation in which they put one of the spouses are revealed: discretion; reasonableness; inadmissibility of excessive deterioration of the spouse's financial situation compared to that which would be in the application of the legal regime of the spouses' property; inadmissibility of extremely negative impact of the provisions of the marriage contract on the rights and the legitimate interests of minor children and disabled dependents living with one of the spouses.
On the correlation of public and private beginnings in work management
Authors: Drachuk M.A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. This article gives a general description of management, the sphere of work and the ratio of public and private principles of managerial influence in relation to this area of public relations. Purpose. Substantiate the conclusion that the basis of the management of the sphere of labor is public law influence, and management in the sphere of labor allows private law methods of management due to the specifics of labor as an integral property of a person. Methodology. The achievement of the research goal set in this workpredetermined the use of such research methods as the method of scientific analysis, as well as formal-logical, system-structural, comparative-legal, technical-legal methods. Results. The author states that the management of the sphere of labor can be a mechanism of a wider and more complex impact than the legal regulation of labor relations in the intersectoral meaning of the latter. The foregoing is based on the assertion that management requires and involves the use of not only imperatively pre-established formal legal, but also other, non-formalized means and methods of influencing controlled (dependent) subjects. However, it is also possible that the limits of managerial and regulatory impact on labor are compatible, provided that the concept of a managerial decision and the principle of managerial freedom in making such decisions are used in the construction of a legal mechanism for managing in the sphere of labor, as well as defining labor or its individual aspects and managing it as appropriate. types of legal relations, but including the participation of the state in such relations. The latter is due to the fact that the administration of the essential processes of state and legal development is a condition for its integrity, historical and geopolitical prospects, therefore, even social partnership in the labor sphere at the national level is not only relations directly related to labor, it is also political and legal processes. that can influence power relations. In addition, the refusal of the subjects of labor relations to use the dispositive opportunities provided to them by law for the purposes of law enforcement in the sphere of labor in any case requires an imperatively organized legal regulation (impact) for the purposes of achieving the public good. Conclusion. Managing the sphere of labor is a public law impact on the economy, politics and ideology in the labor market, the tax system, the social organization of labor, the redistribution of the total income of workers between wages and insurance funds, etc. The management of the sphere of labor, therefore, is based on administrative and legal coercion and various kinds of incentives, including those that change the legal status of a person for better or worse.
On some measures of preventing the femicide: Brazilian experience
Authors: Klebanov L.R. , Smirnova I.V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article deals with the problems of countering feminicide - one of the most dangerous and frequent cases of crimes that encroach on the lives of women. The public danger of this act and its consequences (both direct and indirect) require separate studies. Purpose. The article aims to identify the genesis of this phenomenon, its definition considers the signs and types of feminicide, the legislation against feminicide (communication and special acts) is studied. Methodology. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, system-structural) and private scientific methods (formal-legal, observable-legal methods, statistical method, methods of grammatical transformations in translation, methods of lexical transformations in translation, methodically explanatory translation) were used. Results. Feminicide is transformed both as a multi-stage process aimed at the physical conversion of women (doctrinal definition), and as deliberate coercion of life, qualifying as a special kind of murder (doctrinal definition). Brazilian legislation on combating feminicide has an appropriate structure and includes acts of different levels and content. Conclusion. The article presented in Russia is the first forensic study on this issue, and its results can be used in criminal law and criminological studies on violent crime against women.
Criminal-legal characteristics and problems of qualificationof the occupation of the highest position in the criminal hierarchy
Authors: Verchenko N.I. , Mukhamadzhonova S.F.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Organized crime is growing more and more every day, as evidenced by the statistics provided. Its forms are changing, including under the guise of legitimate business, corruption ties are expanding, problems arise, related to law enforcement practice, as well as the imperfection of legislation in this area. The role of the organizer of criminal formations has always been regarded by researchers as the most dangerous in the context of these crimes, therefore, the legislator is following the path of tightening responsibility for persons occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the criminal community, to characterize the status of a person occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy, as well as to identify theoretical and practical problems of bringing to criminal responsibility under Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with subsequent proposals for improving legislation. Methodology. he statistical method is used, which made it possible to analyze the growth of criminal activity in dynamics; the linguistic method, which became the basis for analyzing the structural elements of the disposition of Article 210.1, dialectical, with which it was possible to study organized crime in inextricable connection with economics, politics and culture; For the purposes of the study, appeal decisions and case materials available in open sources are analyzed. Results. The analysis of theoretical and practical problems of the norm provided for in Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation allowed to develop possible solutions in order to improve legislation in the field of combating organized crime. Conclusion. The analysis of law enforcement practice and the content of the criminal law allows us to conclude that, the courts have not yet explained by what criteria to qualify the occupation of the highest position in the criminal hierarchy, the existing problems of the subject, the establishment of the objective side of the crime of Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation require careful study and adjustment by the legislator, in order to avoid value judgments and categories.
Athwart the fate: servicemen from Udmurtia in a hostile captivity (1941-1945)
Authors: Perevoshchikov D. V.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with poorly understood issue of soldiers and officers of Red Army who were mobilized on the fronts of Great Patriotic War from the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialistic Republic and then captured. The various archival materials applied for the research involve in the science use for the first time. There made an attempt to extend and analyze a known and newly identified facts. The actuality of the theme conditioned a scanty maturity of problem in the domestic historiography and small-scale of study of many sides of front biographies of a servicemen from republic who situated in the Nazi prison points or gone for a burton. The author revealed the German and Finnish concentration camps where soldiers and officers from Udmurtia were kept in 1941-1945. The information about servicemen who survived in captivity and returned home in spite of messages about theirs downfall contains in the paper. There are data cite about a fates of some servicemen who escaped from a concentrations camps that situated in the countries of West and Central Europe and then joined to armed squads of the Resistance movement. The quantity characteristics of servicemen mobilized in the republic and captured in 1941-1945 examine. The analyze of data leads reach a conclusion about a considerable quantity of prisoners of war in the midst of soldiers and officers who were registered as missing in action. The study sheds light on one of the “white spots” in the history of the Great Patriotic War.
Political motives in the image of the Nile in Roman fine arts and literature of the Antonine era
Authors: Chistalev M. S.
Published: October 2024

This article is a continuation of the author's series of studies devoted to the study of the image of the Nile in Roman literature and the comparison of this image with the Nilotic scenes within the framework of an extensive issue of cross-cultural dialogue between Egypt and Rome. Exploring the image of the Nile in Roman literature of the 2nd century AD, the author notes that of all the variety of images of Egypt created in the time of Octavian, the Antonines used only the image of triumph over Egypt as a symbol of unlimited autocracy within the empire. In this regard, the Nile is reinterpreted in literature, first of all, as a synonym for Egypt itself, it is no longer depicted as an amazing natural phenomenon, but at the same time the rejection of this “alien” image to the Romans also disappears. The Nile becomes part of the imperial picture of the world, but at the same time remains a mental object that needs to be conquered, subjugated, even if this happens through allegorical images. The author comes to the conclusion that the lack of interest to the “real” Egypt and its culture is common to the image of the Nile in Roman fine arts and literature at the end of the 1st - 2nd century AD. Egypt itself and its visual images become only a tool in achieving certain goals. Both in Roman literature and in the Nilotic scenes, the mention of the Nile, its involvement in the plot and compositionformation was least dependent on Egyptian realities. In some cases, it can be said that the “real” Egypt could trigger a certain reaction from the author, but did not independently determine either his vision or ways of self-expression. The Nilotic landscapes, once created as a manifestation of Roman interest in a distant and exotic state, after the conquest of Egypt remained only as separate elements in the new propaganda visualization of the Nile Valley space. By the end of the 2nd century AD Nilotic scenes had already become part of the Roman cultural and domestic space, but in the vast majority of cases there is not even a hint of interest in Egyptian culture. Basically, they remained part of the stereotypes and scattered knowledge of previous eras, to which they turned and relied on.
The history of Russian vocational and technical education in the works of L.V. Zakharovsky
Authors: Dozmorov V. A.
Published: October 2024

The issue of the history of the domestic vocational and technical education is very relevant in the scientific environment. The system of domestic vocational and technical education allows you to use your own positive experience for the analysis of the present situation in education. The aim of this study - is to use the example of the scientific publications of the Ural historian L.V. Zakharovsky to show his contribution to the study of the history of domestic vocational and technical education. The research was carried out with the usage of the following principles, such as: historicism, objectivity, reliability. The methodological basis of this survey is the cultural-anthropological method, which involves the disclosure of the author's position when we consider the problems of the history of the domestic vocational and technical education and the choice of arguments for it. And also the number of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization. The conclusion about the positive contribution ofL.V. Zakharovsky to the study of the history of domestic vocational and technical education and the relevance of its results for modern social and humanitarian sciences was made. The results of this survey will be useful to specialists in the area of vocational and technical education, to the historians and to the teachers. The history of education is often interpreted either in terms of its significance for education or in terms of its value as part of history, or in terms of its importance for the social sciences. Surely, our life and experience strongly stimulate our ideas about the history of education. The problem of the history of education in general and vocational and technical education in particular gives us the understanding of wider historical aspects, education and science and society at large.
Contemporary political discourse in the media of the Kingdom of Spain on the issue of the secession of Catalonia
Authors: Tsymbalova A. E.
Published: October 2024

This article reviews the latest events in late summer and early autumn 2021, covered by the two leading Spanish newspapers “El Mundo” and “El Pais”. The choice of Spanish-language publications is due to the fact that Russian-language newspapers do not cover events, especially those related to the negotiation process, in such detail and frequently. The same can be mentioned about a certain delay in analytical materials on this issue. The main attention is paid to such issues as: the extradition of the former President of Catalonia Carlos Puigdemont, the pardon of nine Catalan politicians, a split within the separatist movement, a massive demonstration that took place on the National Day of Catalonia. The negotiations between Pere Aragones and Pedro Sanchez, which took place on September 16, 2021, as well as the events preceding them and after the negotiations, were analyzed thoroughly. Due to the government crisis that erupted on the eve of the negotiations, the delegation from Catalonia was represented only by left-wing Republicans, which caused a flurry of criticism from the party “Together for Catalonia”. However, neither the contradictions existing between the parties “Left Republicans” and “Together for Catalonia”, nor the condemnation of Pedro Sánchez by the right-wing forces, nor the conflict over the expansion of El Prat airport in Barcelona, failed to disrupt the meeting of representatives of the Spanish and Catalan governments. The author concludes that despite the difficult internal political situation at the moment, we can see the emergence of a negotiating table between the Spanish and Catalan governments, which is being attacked by both Carles Puigdemont and many radical separatists. Given the upcoming national elections at the end of 2023, it can be assumed that the parties will repeatedly try to find common points of contact and may even make mutual concessions.
Russian court dress at the Royal wedding: visualization of ethnicity in the matrimonial policy in the second half of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century
Authors: Mitina E. I.
Published: October 2024

The article considers the cases of usage of the Russian court dress at the royal weddings in the second half of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century. The article analyzes perception by contemporaries of Russian court dress and based on portrait paintings and memoirs. The Russian court dress initially appears in the middle of the 18th century and was regulated during the reign of Nicholas I. Wearing of Russian court dress by European princesses on the weddings with Russian Grand Dukes shows the change of their identities; after the wedding they have to position themselves as Russian Grand Duchesses. On the other side, Russian Grand Duchesses continue wearing of the Russian court dress after their weddings and can expand this type of dress to the courts of the other countries demonstrating the loyalty to the Russian Empire. Russian court dress becomes not only the symbol of the solidarity of the Russian court but also instrument of foreign policy influence.
Slavery in ancient Mesopotamia: the fate of the concept in the late Soviet era
Authors: Popova A. A.
Published: October 2024

The concept of slavery in ancient Mesopotamia was one of the most discussed issues in Soviet historiography, as it was recognized as an important component of the Marxist theory of the historical process. During the discussions, the content of the concept has changed, but its essence - the recognition of the significant role of slavery in the relations of production of Mesopotamia - remained unchanged throughout the entire Soviet period and with some reservations in the Postsoviet era. The basic idea of this research is the concept of slavery in Mesopotamia during its development was divided into several related, but practically independent narratives, which were changing under deunification process. The study of specific the deunification process in narratives about slavery in Mesopotamia is the main aim of the research. The study found that in the late Soviet scholarship the deunification manifests itself in several ways: avoid the questions which were posed by the Marxist paradigm or presentation some vague answers, the introduction of new compound terms that reflect the ambiguity, the transitional nature of phenomena (“ancient bounded laborers of slave type”), and minimization of references to the most controversial concepts (“slave-owning formation”). However, these ways were appropriate only to soften the unification narrative, but with the fall of the Soviet regime, this narrative was destroyed, and outside of this, scholars did not have the tools to create a new language of scholarship.
The opinion of the ex-chancellors of Germany on the Crimean crisis and sanctions against Russia
Authors: Rastvortseva A. N.
Published: October 2024

2014 brought about significant changes in bilateral relations between Russia and Germany. The actions of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula caused a violent reaction on the world stage. The European Union, and, in particular, Germany came out with sharp criticism, and also decided to gradually impose sanctions against Russia. In this article, the author examines the reaction of the former German chancellors - Helmut Schmidt, Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schroeder to the position and actions of Angela Merkel in relation to the Russian Federation after the annexation of Crimea, as well as statements by current politicians regarding the positions of the ex-chancellors. The author concludes that all former German chancellors criticize the actions of Germany and the European Union, emphasizing the senselessness of the sanctions and pointing out that European countries do not pay enough attention to the current situation.
Gvozdevka i site stone industry
Authors: Gorbunova T. A. , Schmidt I. V.
Published: October 2024

The article covers the exploration of the stone industry of a Mesolithic site Gvozdevka I. The Stone Age man site is located in Moskalenki district of Omsk region, at the southern end of Lake Ebeyty, on the eastern bank of flood plain Amre (Amrinsky beam). It was discovered in 1976, last investigated in 2004. In the course of archaeological work, a representative collection of stone artefacts was formed, among them microplates occupying a considerable place. The manufacturing specificity of site materials is difficult for analysis, but certain aspects of plate production and utilisation can be taken into consideration. The techno-typological method, as part of attributive approach, was used for their analysis. The description and analysis of the stone industry was made according to the parameters characterising the metric indicators of cleavage, cleavage zone and dorsal surface. The basic strategy of stone cleavage is reconstructed, aimed to produce lamellar chipping with the use of pressure flaking technique. The production of inlay blanks - thin plates with straight lateral profile and sharp longitudinal edges - appears to have been the ultimate goal of the cleavage. The quality of the analysed material enables one to study not only the techno-typological aspects of its manufacture, but also the traces of non-utilisation wear, secondary processing of blanks as well as functional wear (which is the subject of further research). This suggests that the monument was used to split pre-nuclei or nuclei brought by people; the obtained plates were actively used in the process of treatment of various materials. On the whole, using the attributive approach to the study of Gvozdevka I site stone industry made it possible to establish the major strategies of stone splitting and to reconstruct the primary splitting system, as well as to create a framework for comparison with other monuments of the same period on the territory of Omsk region and adjacent areas, to outline the prospects for further research.
“Incipit Vita Nuova”. G.P. Fedotov's letters to his wife. 1941
Authors: Antoshchenko A. V.
Published: October 2024

The letters of the famous émigré historian and religious thinker G. P. Fedotov are published, addressed to his wife during a long move from France to the United States in the initial period of the Second World War. They supplement the information of his published diary about the events, and most importantly, about his state of mind during this dangerous journey. The letters are stored in the Bakhmetiev Archives of Columbia University. Their text, written in French, has been translated into Russian. Letters written in Russian are brought into line with modern spelling standards. The publication is accompanied by the necessary comments.