bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does endoscopic sphincterotomy reduce the risk of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis after biliary stenting? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sofi Aijaz Ahmed , Nawras Ali , Alaradi Osama Habib , Alastal Yaseen , Khan Muhammed Ali , Lee Wade M.
Published: December 2015

Background and Aim

Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (ES) is often carried out prior to placement of a biliary stent apparently to reduce the risk of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). However, the protective effect of ES prior to biliary stenting is controversial. The objective of this meta‐analysis is to compare the risk of PEP and other complications after the placement of biliary stent with or without ES in patients with biliary obstruction and bile leak.

Methods

We carried out a systematic search in several electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies (OS) comparing the risk of PEP after biliary stenting with or without ES. The Mantel–Haenszel method was used to pool data of adverse outcomes into fixed or random effect model meta‐analyses.

Results

Seventeen studies (five RCT and 12 OS) with a total of 2710 patients met the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was observed in the risk of PEP with biliary stenting with and without ES (RD −0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.03, 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of stenting for biliary obstruction, no difference in the risk of PEP was observed with or without ES. However, ES was associated with lower risk of PEP in patients undergoing biliary stenting for bile leak (RD −0.05; CI −0.10, −0.01).

Conclusions

ES shows risk reduction in prevention of PEP in patients undergoing endoscopic stenting for bile leak. However, placement of biliary stent without ES is not associated with an increased risk of PEP in patients with distal bile duct obstruction with involvement of pancreatic duct.
How Do Time and Vocational Stress Influence Attitudes Toward Couple Relationship Education?
Authors: Burr Brandon K. , Gardner Brandt C. , Cox Ronald B. , Larzelere Robert E. , Hubler Daniel S.
Published: December 2015

Recruitment issues are common in couple relationship education (CRE). Hence, learning more about factors shaping attitudes toward CRE could aid with these efforts. This study used dyadic data techniques to assess how common recruitment barriers are associated with attitudes toward CRE. The study also investigated differences by gender and income in a sample of 99 couples. Results show that time pressure influenced attitudes toward CRE differently for male and female partners, and time and vocational stressors were more impactful for those with higher incomes. The findings underscore the need to implement CRE marketing efforts reflective of the attitudes and needs of the audience.
Global Perspectives on Mobile Learning in Home Economics/Family and Consumer Sciences
Authors: Godfrey Roxie V. , Duke Sandra E.
Published: December 2015

The purpose was to explore and examine factors that influence the use of mobile technology for learning by Home Economics/Family and Consumer Sciences (HE/FCS) educators and their current use of mobile technology. Mobile learning offers opportunities for HE/FCS educators to extend their influence globally. An online survey was distributed to HE/FCS professionals all around the world. The sample consisted of 60 professionals from 12 countries. Confidence levels of participants were moderately high in learning and adopting new technology. Although participants believed that mobile learning could improve access to resources, they were less confident in their ability to implement and use mobile learning in their teaching.
Generalized approach to estimation of strains and stresses at blunt V‐notches under non‐localized creep
Authors: Gallo P. , Berto F. , Glinka G.
Published: December 2015

Geometrical discontinuities such as notches need to be carefully analysed by engineers because of the stress concentration generated by them. Notches become even more important when the component is subjected, in service, to very severe conditions, such as high‐temperature fatigue and imposed viscoplastic behaviour such as creep. The knowledge of strains and stresses in such stress concentration zones is essential for an efficient and safe design process. The aim of the paper is to present an improvement and extension of the existing notch‐tip creep stress–strain analysis method developed by Nuñez and Glinka, validated for U‐notches only, to a wide variety of blunt V‐notches. The key in obtaining the extension to blunt V‐notches is the substitution of the Creager–Paris equations with the more generalized Lazzarin–Tovo solution, allowing a unified approach to the evaluation of linear elastic stress fields in the neighbourhood of both cracks and notches. Numerous examples have been analysed to date, and the stress fields obtained according to the proposed method were compared with appropriate finite element data, resulting in a very good agreement. In view of the promising results discussed in the paper, authors are considering possible further extension to sharp V‐notches and cracks introducing the concept of the strain energy density.
Determination of stress intensity factors of 2D fracture mechanics problems through a new semi‐analytical method
Authors: Khaji N. , Yazdani M.
Published: December 2015

This study presents a novel development of a new semi‐analytical method with diagonal coefficient matrices to model crack issues. Accurate stress intensity factors based on linear elastic fracture mechanics are extracted directly from the semi‐analytical method. In this method, only the boundaries of problems are discretized using specific subparametric elements and higher‐order Chebyshev mapping functions. Implementing the weighted residual method and using Clenshaw–Curtis numerical integration result in diagonal Euler's differential equations. Consequently, when the local coordinates origin is located at the crack tip, the stress intensity factors can be determined directly without further processing. In order to present infinite stress at the crack tip, a new form of nodal force function is proposed. Validity and accuracy of the proposed method is fully demonstrated through four benchmark problems, which are successfully modeled using a few numbers of degrees of freedom. The numerical results agree very well with the analytical solution, experimental outcomes and the results from existing numerical methods available in the literature.
Relationships between the duration of illness and the current status of diabetes in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki , Omoto Takashi , Abe Mariko , Matsumoto Suzuko , Shinozaki Masahiro , Nishio Shinya , Antoku Shinichi , Mifune Mizuo , Togane Michiko
Published: December 2015

Aims

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationships between the duration of diabetes and the current statuses of diabetes in elderly (aged ≥65 years) patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Clinical characteristics were cross‐sectionally examined in 1436 patients (684 elderly and 752 non‐elderly) with type 2 diabetes.

Results

As the duration of diabetes increased, the patients' age, frequency of receiving insulin therapy and glycated hemoglobin value increased in both the elderly and non‐elderly groups, whereas the urinary C‐peptide immunoreactivity and glomerular filtration rate decreased. The duration of diabetes (years) was significantly associated with the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, P < 0.01), nephropathy (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, P < 0.01) and neuropathy (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.12, P < 0.01), but not with cerebrovascular disease (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03, P = 0.38), coronary heart disease (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, P = 0.09) or peripheral artery disease (OR 1.02, 95%CI 0.99–1.05, P = 0.12) in the elderly patients after adjusting for the traditional risk factors of diabetic angiopathies. In contrast, the duration of diabetes showed a significant association with the prevalence of both diabetic micro‐ and macroangiopathies in the non‐elderly patients.

Conclusions

It should be noted that atherosclerotic diseases are present in the clinical setting for the management of elderly diabetic patients independent of the duration of diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 24–30.
Treatment of subchondral cysts in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Caviglia H. , Galatro G. , Cambiaggi G. , Landro M. E. , Candela M. , Neme D.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

The haemophilic arthropathy is a disabling disease that causes chronic pain and functional limitation, due to recurrent intra‐articular bleeding, with impaired quality of life.

Objective

The aim of this work is to present our 24‐year experience in the treatment of subchondral cysts filled with hydroxyapatite coralline in patients with haemophilia.

Patients and method

Thirty‐seven male patients with forty‐nine cystic lesions were treated and evaluated between 1990 and 2014. Thirty four patients were haemophilia type A, three were haemophilia type B, two patients had inhibitors to factor VIII. The average age was 23.6 years. The average follow‐up was 10 years. The lesions were located: twenty‐four in the tibia (49%), six in the talus (12.2%), seven in the ulna (14.4%), five in the humerus (10.2%), five in the femur (10.2%) and two in the distal radius (4%). In all patients' radiographs, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging were performed before surgery. The lesions were treated when the injury was greater than 15% of the joint area, and when the joint area was greater than 1 cm of diameter. Surgical technique consisted of aspirating the cyst contents and refilling it with hydroxyapatite coralline.

Results

In forty‐eight cysts, restitution of bone structure was achieved by impaction of hydroxyapatite coralline. The average time of bone restoration was 10 months. Only one patient required a second intervention.

Conclusion

The treatment of subchondral cyst in PWH by aspiration and filling with hydroxyapatite coralline allows bone restoration and delays deterioration of the joint treated.
Childhood physical activity body contact risk: feasibility of a novel technique for objective measurements of impact speed, frequency, and intentionality
Authors: Longmuir P. E. , Yap L.‐A. , Bravo C. , Lee S. L. , Brandão L. R.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Children at risk for bleeding injuries are restricted from body contact during physical activity but current recommendations are based on expert opinion.

Aim

Evaluate high‐speed digital video recording as an objective measure of body contact risk during physical activity.

Methods

Observational study of physical activities among healthy children, grouped according to participation in teams (vs. individual) and on their perceived risk of injury (high/low). High speed digital video recordings documented the collision target (floor/ground/ice, people, wall, equipment), estimated speed, and impact rates for team and individual activities, with and without expected body contact.

Results

Among 348 participating children (3–16 years, 51% female), 32% to 78% experienced at least one contact. Impact type varied significantly (chi‐square, p < 0.001) by activity category. Unstructured and Team high risk activity impacts were primarily with the floor/ground, whereas Individual low risk activities were characterized by equipment impacts. Impact speeds were typically 1.0 to 2.1 m s−1. Higher impact speeds occurred during instructional classes (2.1 m s−1), unstructured free swim (1.9 m s−1) and ball hockey (1.7 m s−1). Impact rates were higher during Team high risk and Team low risk sports (3.0 and 1.8 impacts per minute, respectively) compared to Individual (high or low risk) or Unstructured activities (0.2–0.3 impacts per minute).

Conclusions

High speed video recordings of childhood physical activity are a feasible method for characterizing the frequency, type, direction and speed of impacts. Quantifying the impacts that occur during childhood physical activity could inform the guidelines for physical activity participation among children with identified bleeding risks.
Gynaecological and obstetrical bleeding in women with factor XI deficiency – a systematic review
Authors: Wiewel‐Verschueren S. , Arendz I. J. , M. Knol H. , Meijer K.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Menstrual bleeding, pregnancy and delivery present an intrinsic haemostatic challenge to women with bleeding disorders such as factor XI (FXI) deficiency.

Aim

To provide a systematic overview of studies on gynaecological and obstetrical bleeding problems in women with FXI deficiency.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library for studies that present original data on the incidence of and treatment options for gynaecological and obstetrical bleeding in FXI‐deficient women.

Results

We identified 27 studies, including a total of 372 women with FXI deficiency. All studies were observational, no interventional treatment studies were found. Most patients had a mild deficiency (FXI ≥ 20 IU dL−1). Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) was reported in 7–67%. In 7/19 (37%) women who underwent gynaecological procedures, a bleeding complication occurred, including in 2/7 hysterectomies (29%). About 3–20% of reported pregnancies ended in a miscarriage; of these miscarriages 0–25% (4/23 miscarriages) were complicated by bleeding. Terminations of pregnancies (TOP) were complicated by bleeding in 4 out of 11 cases (36%). In 90 out of 498 (18%) deliveries a postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) was reported, ranging from 0 to 50% in individual studies. In 21% (66/321) of deliveries, prophylaxis was given. This was associated with 9% (6/66) PPH, compared to 19% in deliveries without prophylaxis (84/432). Epidural analgesia was performed without complications in 44 patients.

Conclusion

Women with FXI deficiency have a clearly increased risk of HMB, and of bleeding complications after miscarriage, TOP and delivery. No high quality data are available regarding prophylactic treatment.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐conditioned medium accelerates wound healing with fewer scars
Authors: Li Meirong , Luan Fuxin , Zhao Yali , Hao Haojie , Liu Jiejie , Dong Liang , Fu Xiaobing , Han Weidong
Published: December 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from umbilical cords (UC‐MSCs) have been shown to enhance cutaneous wound healing by means of the paracrine activity. Fibroblasts are the primary cells involved in wound repair. The paracrine effects of UC‐MSCs on dermal fibroblasts have not been fully explored in vitro or in vivo. Dermal fibroblasts were treated with conditioned media from UC‐MSCs (UC‐MSC‐CM). In this model, UC‐MSC‐CM increased the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, adult dermal fibroblasts transitioned into a phenotype with a low myofibroblast formation capacity, a decreased ratio of transforming growth factor‐β1,3 (TGF‐β1/3) and an increased ratio of matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (MMP/TIMP). Additionally, UC‐MSC‐CM‐treated wounds showed accelerated healing with fewer scars compared with control groups. These observations suggest that UC‐MSC‐CM may be a feasible strategy to promote cutaneous repair and a potential means to realise scarless healing.
Historical Notes on the Odessa Meteorite Crater
Authors: BARRINGERM BRANDON
Published: December 2015

Abstract. This is a history of the identification of the crater by the late Daniel Moreau Barringer, Jr., in 1926, and subsequent exploration. The findings at Odessa and at Barringer Crater are compared and problems posed.
THE YIELD STRENGTH OF METEORITIC IRON
Authors: Knox Reed
Published: December 2015

The compressive yield strength was determined on three meteorites using specimens 4 mm and 8 mm in length and strain magnifications of 10,000 and 2000 respectively, with an apparatus developed for testing small specimens of biological hard tissue.

The flow stresses required to produce 0.2% plastic strain in a recrystallized Cañon Diablo specimen, in the Odessa octahedrite, and in the metal phase of a Brenham were 62.9 K psi, 46.6 K psi, and 62.7 K psi respectively. The flow stress of Cañon Diablo after heating in a vacuum for one hour at 871 °C and furnace cooling was 60.0 K psi. The microstructure and grain size of the heat treated specimen was virtually that of the untreated meteorite.

Plastic deformation of the Odessa specimen produced wavy slip lines in kamacite on a previously polished and etched surface. Slip lines also developed in taenite and cracks occurred in the phosphide phase.
NATURAL THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF CALCAREOUS ROCKS FROM THE CHARLEVOIX (MALBAIE) STRUCTURE
Authors: McDougall David J.
Published: December 2015

The natural thermoluminescence of samples of limestone from within and near the Charlevoix meteorite impact structure indicates that the effect of impact, strain due to faulting, low grade thermal metamorphism, and recrystallization can often be distinguished on the basis of the shape and either the total emission or amplitude of the peaks of the thermoluminescence curves. Impact causes a reduction of thermoluminescence which is detectable in the Charlevoix structure for about 10 Km outside the known limits of shatter cone development. It is inferred that thermoluminescence investigations should provide a useful means of investigating other impact structures. Impact effects on quartz rich rocks appear to be somewhat similar to the effects in calcareous rocks, but a fundamental difference in the electronic properties of shocked quartz and calcite demonstrate that identical effects should not be anticipated.
MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL RESEARCHES ON L‐CHONDRITES: GIRGENTI
Authors: Levi‐Donati G. R. , Jarosewich Eugene
Published: December 2015

A mineralogical and chemical analysis has been performed on the largest mass (8750 g) of the Girgenti, Italy, meteorite, from the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. The mineralogical composition is olivine, Fa24–25; hypersthene, Fs21 –22; plagioclase, An12; maskelynite; whitlockite; nickel‐iron; troilite; chromite and ilmenite. Girgenti is a severly metamorphosed stone, whose total iron content (23.5%) is somewhat higher than the average for hypersthene chondrites.
ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES IN STONE METEORITES
Authors: Schmitt R. A. , Goles G. G. , Smith R. H. , Osborn T. W.
Published: December 2015

Abundances of Na, Al, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Cu have been measured by instrumental neutron activation analyses of 103 chondrites and 17 achondrites. In many cases, analyses were made of replicate samples from the same meteorite. Various sources of error in the method, including sampling errors, are discussed in detail. Examination of the patterns of coherence of the elements we have determined suggests that we can perceive effects of fractionation during condensation from the solar nebula of matter parental to chondrites. Such effects seem to be exhibited both in the abundances of lithophilic elements, perhaps being related to varied temperatures of accretion and in the abundances of those elements which would be affected by metal‐silicate fractionation in the solar nebula.

Atomic abundances relative to Si vary little in carbonaceous chondrites, suggesting that efficient mixing processes operated on these meteorites prior to or during their formation. We suggest that at present, no single class of carbonaceous chondrites is clearly more primitive than another. Carbonaceous and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites may represent aggregates of material accreted from the solar nebula at relatively low temperatures, as many recent discussions of these meteorites would suggest. Our data support a model of equilibration and minor mobilization of non‐volatile elements within small domains of chondrites after accretion. Such a model would be consistent with the petrologic types of Van Schmus and Wood (1967).

Achondrites do not exhibit simple regularities in lithophilic elemental abundances as do chondrites. Models for the origins of achondrites surely must include effects of magmatic fractionation, but we do not at present have enough information to assess the plausibility of such models.
A DETAILED CHEMICAL STUDY ON THE BARWISE CHONDRITE
Authors: Nakamura Noboru , Masuda Akimasa
Published: December 2015

Six fragments of the Barwise meteorite were analyzed for REE and eleven other elements (Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, K, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Ba). In addition, two fragments were analyzed for Si and Mg. The chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of six fragments studied show interesting systematic variations. Three fragments with relatively high La abundances show a negative Ce anomaly. Since the meteorite in question is a find, it could be suspected that the observed REE fractionations are due to terrestrial contamination. To examine this point, a soil sample from the find site was also analyzed for REE and major chemical elements. It is considered that several facts, especially, the relationships between La and SiO2 and between SiO2 and MgO, suggest the pre‐terrestrial fractionation rather than the terrestrial contamination. Unexpectedly, it is shown that the REE fractionation observed in the investigated fragments correlates with the metal‐silicate and the Fe‐Co‐Ni fractionations. In this connection, large metal grains were investigated for Fe, Co and Ni contents. A suggestion is presented that this chondrite was formed through the melting of the surface of a planetesimal and the subsequent collision, although the possibility of terrestrial contamination might not be ruled out.
THE YOUNDEGIN METEORITE SHOWER
Authors: DeLaeter J. R.
Published: December 2015

A detailed examination of the geographical location, microstructure and chemical composition of the Mt. Stirling, Mooranoppin, Quairading and Youndegin siderites has led to the conclusion that they are all members of one meteorite shower. The cobalt, nickel, gallium and germanium contents of 10 of these meteorites have been determined by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, and this enables them to be classified as members of chemical group 1.
ON THE DEPLETION OF MODERATELY VOLATILE ELEMENTS IN ORDINARY CHONDRITES
Authors: Anders Edward
Published: December 2015

Within the accuracy of present data, elements of intermediate volatility (condensation temperatures between about 1100 and 600° K) do not show a correlation of abundance with volatility in equilibrated ordinary chondrites. There is no need to postulate continuous loss of gas during condensation.
A STUDY OF THE RELATIVE RATES OF METEORITE FALLS ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE
Authors: Halliday Ian , Griffin Arthur A.
Published: December 2015

Meteorite camera networks have provided reliable data on typical orbits for meteorites. Using an adopted distribution of 20 orbits we determine the relative rates of meteorite falls over the surface of the earth taking account of the important effects due to the earth's gravity. The data are then used to study the expected variation in rates as a function of daylight, twilight or night conditions; time of day; season of the year; and geographic latitude.

The rates of meteorite falls have a deep minimum near the area of the earth facing the earth's apex but a surprisingly broad maximum on the opposite side, facing the antapex. Twilight rates are lower than average and nighttime rates 3% higher than daytime rates. Minimum rates occur near 6h local time and there is a broad maximum from noon to midnight. Rates are highest near the beginning of spring for either hemisphere and lowest near the beginning of autumn. The decline in rates with increasing latitude is quite moderate. The existing camera networks observe average fall rates at night which are very close to the average rate over the whole earth for the whole year.
GAS RELEASE AND ORDERING OF CARBON IN THE ALLENDE METEORITE
Authors: Heymann D. , Read N.
Published: December 2015

Mass‐spectrometric determinations of the inert gas release from samples of the Allende carbonaceous meteorite heated in the range 300°C to 1100°C, followed by Raman spectroscopic studies of the 1360 cm−1 and 1580 cm−1 bands of carbon support the hypothesis that the gas release at high temperatures is causally related with ordering of carbon.
SIZE‐FREQUENCY‐DISTRIBUTIONS OF EH3 CHONDRULES
Authors: Rubin Alan E. , Grossman Jeffrey N.
Published: December 2015

The size‐frequency‐distributions of different chondrule types in the Qingzhen, Kota‐Kota and Allan Hills A77156 EH3 chondrites were determined by petrographic analysis of thin sections and, in the case of Qingzhen, by examination of large separated chondrules. EH chondrules are considerably smaller than L and LL chondrules and are probably slightly smaller than H, CM and CO chondrules. In the EH3 chondrites, radial pyroxene (RP) chondrules are somewhat (85% confidence level) larger than cryptocrystalline (C) chondrules, nonporphyritic chondrules have a broader size‐frequency‐distribution than porphyritic chondrules, and porphyritic olivine‐pyroxene (POP) chondrules are considerably (98% confidence level) larger than porphyritic pyroxene (PP) chondrules.

The larger size of RP chondrules relative to C chondrules in EH3 chondrites may be due to a tendency of the chondrule‐forming mechanism not to have heated large precursor aggregates above the liquidus. Consequent retention of numerous relict grains would have caused these objects to develop RP rather than C textures upon cooling. The large proportion (≥50%) of nonporphyritic EH3 chondrules among the smaller chondrule size‐fractions may have been caused by preferential disruption of large nonporphyritic chondrule droplets. The large proportion (≥50%) of nonporphyritic EH3 chondrules among the larger chondrule size‐fractions is problematic. The larger size of POP relative to PP chondrules is due to reaction of fine‐grained olivine with free silica to form pyroxene during mild thermal metamorphism of the whole‐rocks.
LATE EOCENE CRYSTAL‐BEARING SPHERULES: TWO LAYERS OR ONE?
Authors: Glass B.P. , Burns C.A.
Published: December 2015

Late Eocene crystal‐bearing spherules have been found in deep sea cores from the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, equatorial Pacific Ocean, and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. Keller et al. (1987) have suggested that the spherules from the western equatorial Pacific (Site 292, core 38) and eastern Indian Ocean (Site 216) are older (Globigerapsis semiinvoluta Zone) than those from the central equatorial Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea (Globorotalia cerroazulensis Zone). The strongest argument in favor of two layers is the biostratigraphic data; however, published biostratigraphic interpretations are at odds with Keller et al.'s (1987) conclusions. Furthermore, paleomagnetic data for Site 292 seems to contradict Keller et al.'s conclusion that the spherules found in core 36 occur in sediments of the same stratigraphic age as those found in the central equatorial Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea sites. Although the spherules from Sites 216 and 292 (core 38) do have higher average CaO, and lower average Al2O3 and FeO contents than the late Eocene spherules from the other sites, there is a great deal of overlap in composition. It is our opinion that the similarities in composition and petrography between the late Eocene crystal‐bearing spherules are greater than the differences. Additionally, there seems to be a systematic change in composition and in amount of iridium excess from east to west when all the sites containing the crystal‐bearing spherules are considered. We believe, therefore, that it is likely that the late Eocene crystal‐bearing spherules all belong to a single event.
Consortium study of the unusual H chondrite regolith breccia, Noblesville
Authors: Lipschutz Michael E. , Wolf Stephen F. , Vogt Stephan , Michlovich Edward , Lindstrom Marilyn M. , Zolensky Michael E. , Mittlefehldt David W. , Satterwhite Cecilia , Schultz Ludolf , Loeken Thomas , Scherer Peter , Dodd Robert T. , Sears Derek W. G. , Benoit Paul H. , Wacker John F. , Burns Roger G. , Fisher Duncan S.
Published: December 2015

Abstract— The Noblesville meteorite is a genomict, regolith breccia (H6 clasts in H4 matrix). Mössbauer analysis confirms that Noblesville is unusually fresh, not surprising in view of its recovery immediately after its fall. It resembles “normal” H4–6 chondrites in its chemical composition and induced thermoluminescence (TL) levels. Thus, at least in its contents of volatile trace elements, Noblesville differs from other H chondrite, class A regolith breccias. Noblesville's small pre‐atmospheric mass and fall near Solar maximum and/or its peculiar orbit (with perihelion <0.8 AU as shown by natural TL intensity) may partly explain its levels of cosmogenic radionuclides. Its cosmic ray exposure age of ∼ 44 Ma, is long, is equalled or exceeded by <3% of all H chondrites, and also differs from the 33 ± 3 Ma mean exposure age peak of other H chondrite regolith breccias. One whole‐rock aliquot has a high, but not unmatched, 129Xe/132Xe of 1.88. While Noblesville is now among the chondritic regolithic breccias richest in solar gases, elemental ratios indicate some loss, especially of He, perhaps b; impacts in the regolith that heated individual grains. While general shock‐loading levels in Noblesville did not exceed 4 GPa, individual clasts record shock levels of 5–10 GPa, doubtless acquired prior to lithification of the whole‐rock meteoroid.
Trace elements in mineral separates of the Peña Blanca Spring aubrite: Implications for the evolution of the aubrite parent body
Authors: Lodders K. , Palme H. , Wlotzka F.
Published: December 2015

Abstract— The origin of the aubrite parent body (APB) and its relation to the enstatite chondrites is still unclear. Therefore we began a detailed chemical study of the aubrite Peña Blanca Spring. Bulk samples and mineral separates (oldhamite, troilite, alabandite, pyroxene) of Peña Blanca Spring were analyzed for major and trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). In addition, a leaching experiment was performed on a powdered bulk sample to study the distribution of trace elements in aubrite minerals.

The elemental abundances in Peña Blanca Spring are compared to abundances in EH‐chondrites and EL‐chondrites in an attempt to distinguish volatility related fractionations (evaporation, condensation) from planetary differentiation (melting and core formation). Low abundances of siderophile (e.g., Ir) and chalcophile (e.g., V) elements in bulk samples indicate that 25% (by mass) metal and about 6% (by mass) sulfide separated from an enstatite chondrite like‐parent body to form a core and a residual mantle with aubrite composition. We argue that the high observed rare earth element (REE) abundances in oldhamite (>100 × EH‐chondrite normalized) reflect REE incorporation into oldhamite during nebular condensation. Thus, oldhamite in aubrites is, at least in part, a relict phase as originally proposed by Lodders and Palme (1990). Some re‐equilibration of CaS with silicates has, however, occurred, leading to partial redistribution of REE, as exemplified by the uptake of Eu by plagioclase.

The distribution of the REE among aubritic minerals cannot be the result of fractional crystallization, which would occur if high degrees of partial melting took place on the APB. Instead, the REE distributions indicate incomplete equilibrium of oldhamite and other phases. Therefore, a short non‐equlibrium melting episode led to segregation of metal and sulfides.
Parametric study of heavy element isotopic abundances in SiC grains
Authors: Arnould M. , Howard W. M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract— This paper presents a new interpretation of the non‐solar isotopic composition of a series of elements from Si to Sm found in small‐sized (μm) SiC grains of presumably circumstellar origin. It relies on a parametrized model that aims at investigating in as broad a way as possible the neutron exposures or range of such exposures that could replicate the series of measured isotopic compositions without relying on any specific (and sometimes highly uncertain) astrophysical scenario.

It is found that the general trends of the isotopic data of Si, Ca, Ti, Sr, Kr, Xe, Ba, Nd and Sm can be reproduced with a much weaker neutron exposure than contemplated in previous studies. Such a neutron irradiation history does not necessitate the classical assumption of an admixture of a s‐process component to normal solar abundances. Instead, the linear correlations observed in three‐isotope plots are interpreted in terms of a mixture of components having experienced slightly different neutron exposures. In this framework, predictions are provided for all the elements from Si to Bi, and implications for possible astrophysical sites are discussed.
Mineralogy, chemistry, and noble gas contents of Adzhi‐Bogdo– an LL3–6 chondritic breccia with L‐chondritic and granitoidal clasts
Authors: Bischoff A. , Geiger T. , Palme H. , Spettel B. , Schultz L. , Scherer P. , Schlüter J. , Lkhamsuren J.
Published: December 2015

Abstract— Adzhi‐Bogdo is an ordinary chondrite regolith breccia (LL3–6) which fell on 1949 October 30 in Gobi Altay, Mongolia. The rock consists of submm‐ to cm‐sized fragments embedded in a fine‐grained clastic matrix. The polymict breccia contains various types of clasts, some of which must be of foreign origin. Components of the breccia include chondrules, melt rock clasts (some of which are K‐rich), highly recrystallized rock fragments (“granulites”), breccia clasts, pyroxene‐rich fragments with achondritic textures, and alkali‐granitoids. The composition of olivine in most fragments is in the range of LL‐chondrites. However, olivine in some components has significantly lower fayalite contents, characteristic of L‐chondrites. The bulk meteorite is very weakly shocked (S2).

Based on the bulk chemical composition, Adzhi‐Bogdo is an ordinary chondrite. The concentrations of Fe and Ni are somewhat intermediate between L‐ and LL‐chondrites.

The contents of solar gases indicate that Adzhi‐Bogdo is a regolith breccia. Most of the solar He and probably a part of the solar Ne of Adzhi‐Bogdo has been lost. It is suggested that Adzhi‐Bogdo experienced an (impact‐induced) thermal event early in its history, because most of the radiogenic 40Ar is retained.
The mid‐infrared transmission spectra of Antarctic ureilites
Authors: Sandford Scott A.
Published: December 2015

Abstract— The mid‐infrared (4000–450 cm−1; 2.5–22.2 μm) transmission spectra of seven Antarctic ureilites and 10 Antarctic H‐5 ordinary chondrites are presented. The ureilite spectra show a number of absorption bands, the strongest of which is a wide, complex feature centered near 1000 cm−1 (10 μm) due to Si‐O stretching vibrations in silicates. The profiles and positions of the substructure in this feature indicate that Mg‐rich olivines and pyroxenes are the main silicates responsible. The relative abundances of these two minerals, as inferred from the spectra, show substantial variation from meteorite to meteorite, but generally indicate olivine is the most abundant (olivine:pyroxene = 60:40 to 95:5). Both the predominance of olivine and the variable olivine‐to‐pyroxene ratio are consistent with the known composition and heterogeneity of ureilites. The H‐5 ordinary chondrites spanned a range of weathering classes and were used to provide a means of addressing the extent to which the ureilite spectra may have been altered by weathering processes. It was found that, while weathering of these meteorites produces some weak bands due to the formation of small amounts of carbonates and hydrates, the profile of the main silicate feature has been little affected by Antarctic exposure in the meteorites studied here. The mid‐infrared ureilite spectra provide an additional means of testing potential asteroidal parent bodies for the ureilites. At present, the best candidates include the subset of S‐type asteroids having low albedos and weak absorption features in the near infrared.
Origin of tektites: Constraints from heavy noble gas concentrations
Authors: Matsuda Jun‐ichi , Matsubara Kayo , Koeberl Christian
Published: December 2015

Abstract— Heavy noble gas concentrations in tektites (splash‐form type) are considerably lower than those in impact glasses. This can not be explained only by high formation temperatures for tektites, as might be expected from low concentrations of water and most volatile elements in tektites, and indicates that tektites solidified in an atmosphere with an ambient pressure of much less than 1 atm. The heavy noble gas concentrations may be an indicator of the height to which tektites were carried by the impact before they solidified.
Origin of dark clasts in the Acfer 059/El Djouf 001 CR2 chondrite
Authors: Endreß M. , Keil K. , Bischoff A. , Spettel B. , Clayton R. N. , Mayeda T. K.
Published: December 2015

Abstract— The ten specimens of the paired Acfer 059/El Djouf 001 CR2 chondrite contain abundant lithic fragments which we refer to as dark clasts. Petrological and mineralogical studies reveal that they are not related to the CR2 host meteorite but are similar to dark clasts in other CR2 chondrites. Dark clasts consist of chondrule and mineral fragments, phyllosilicate fragments and clusters, magnetite, sulfides and accessory phases, embedded into a very fine‐grained, phyllosilicate‐rich matrix. Magnetite has morphologies known from CI chondrites: spherules, framboids and platelets. Average abundances of major elements in the dark clasts are mostly in the range of both CR and CV chondrites, but strong depletions in Na and S are apparent. Oxygen isotopic compositions of two dark clasts suggest relationships to type 3 carbonaceous chondrites and dark inclusions in Allende. The dark clasts are clearly different in texture and mineralogical composition from the host matrix of Acfer 059/El Djouf 001. Therefore, these dark clasts are xenoliths and are quite unlike the Acfer 059/El Djouf 001 CR2 host meteorite. We suggest that dark clasts accreted at the same time with all other components during the formation of Acfer 059/El Djouf 001 whole rock.
The stability of hibonite, melilite and other aluminous phases in silicate melts: Implications for the origin of hibonite‐bearing inclusions from carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Beckett J. R. , Stolper E.
Published: December 2015

Abstract— Phase fields in which hibonite and silicate melt coexist with spinel, CaAl4O7, gehlenitic melilite, anorthite or corundum at 1 bar in the system CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐TiO2 were determined. The hibonites contain up to 1.7 wt% SiO2. For TiO2, the experimentally determined partition coefficients between hibonite and coexisting melt, DHib/Li, vary from 0.8 to 2.1 and generally decrease with increasing TiO2 in the liquid.

Based on Ti partitioning between hibonite and melt, bulk inclusion compositions and hibonite‐saturated liquidus phase diagrams, the hibonite in hibonite‐poor fluffy Type A inclusions from Allende and at least some hibonite from hibonite‐rich inclusions is relict, although much of the hibonite from hibonite‐glass spherules probably crystallized metastably from a melt Bulk compositions for all of these CAIs are consistent with an origin as melilite + hibonite + spinel + perovskite phase assemblages that were partially altered and in some cases partially or completely melted The duration of the melting event was sufficient to remove any Na introduced by the alteration process but frequently insufficient to dissolve all of the original hibonite.

Simple thermochemical models developed for meteoritic melilite and hibonite solid solutions were used to obtain equilibration temperatures of hibonite‐bearing phase assemblages with vapor. Referenced to 10−3 atm, hibonite + corundum + vapor equilibrated at ∼1260 °C and hibonite + spinel ± melilite + vapor at 1215 ± 10 °C. If these temperatures reflect condensation in a cooling gas of solar composition, then hibonite ± corundum condensed first, followed by spinel and then melilite. The position of perovskite within this sequence is uncertain, but it probably began to condense before spinel. This sequence of phase appearances and relative temperatures is generally consistent with observed textures but differs from expectations based on classical condensation calculations in that equilibration temperatures are generally lower than predicted and melilite initially condenses with or even after spinel.

Simple thermochemical models for the substitution of trace elements into the Ca site of meteoritic hibonites suggest that virtually all Eu is divalent in early condensate hibonites but that Eu2+/Eu3+ decreases by a factor of 20 or more during the course of condensation primarily because the ratio is proportional to the partial pressure of Al, which decreases dramatically as aluminous phases condense. The relative sizes of Eu and Yb anomalies in meteoritic hibonites and inclusions may be partly due to this effect
Cross‐Cultural Study of Dry‐Cured Sheep Meat Acceptability by Native and Immigrant Consumers in Spain
Authors: Sañudo Carlos , Gomes Monteiro Alda Lúcia , Velandia Valero Maribel , Fugita Carlos Alberto , Monge Paula , Guerrero Ana , Campo María Del Mar
Published: December 2015

In many countries, fresh meat from cull ewes is considered to have little value. Nevertheless, other products such as dried and cured meat have high prices. Due to immigration, there is a continual shift in the population's profile, and the acceptability of local products within a specific country is not well known. For this study, 320 consumers from Europe (Spain), Asia (China), Africa (sub‐Saharan Africa) and South America (Andes) evaluated the overall acceptability of dry‐cured sheep meat “cecina.” The legs of 24 culled ewes with three different fatness levels (FL) were used. Overall acceptability indicated that the product was well accepted, with Africans providing the highest scores (P ≤ 0.01). Statistical differences between the three FL were found only in Spanish consumers who preferred Lean “cecina.” Length of residency was a significant factor only for Andeans in which a preference was observed for those living five or more years in Spain (P = 0.04). Differences depending on the frequency of lamb consumption were found in all cultural backgrounds except for Chinese consumers.

Practical Applications

Cultural background was more important than fatness level (FL) in terms of overall acceptability. Therefore, the production of dry‐cured meat from ewes would not require a previous fattening period to meet consumers’ expectations. In this sense, only Spanish consumers found differences between FL, with the leanest meat as the most appreciated. Globally, the consumer overall acceptability score of the product was high, being Africans those with the highest scores, and showing that the possibility of producing “cecina” would favor breeders, who could profit from selling meat at a higher price.
Bringing meaning to user involvement in mental health care planning: a qualitative exploration of service user perspectives
Authors: Grundy A. C. , Bee P. , Meade O. , Callaghan P. , Beatty S. , Olleveant N. , Lovell K.
Published: December 2015

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

UK mental health policy dictates user involvement in mental health care planning.

Service users report feeling marginalized in the care planning process.

Ongoing dissatisfaction with care planning involvement suggests a failure to translate policy into practice over time.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Service user involvement should no longer be regarded as a nebulous concept.

Ten key criteria underpin service user satisfaction with care planning involvement.

Five criteria characterizing the process of care planning involvement are prioritized by service users.

What are the implications for practice?

Service users can conceptualize and describe meaningful user involvement. Service user requests, summarized through a 10C framework of care planning involvement, provide a clear structure for practice improvement.

Background

Service users wish to be involved in care planning but typically feel marginalized in this process. Qualitative explorations of the barriers and enablers of user involvement in mental health care planning are limited.

Question

How is user involvement in care planning conceptualized by service users and how can meaningful involvement be instilled in the care planning process?

Methods

In 2013, we conducted five focus groups (n = 27) and 23 individual interviews with current or recent adult users of secondary care mental health services (n = 27) in England. Eight users participated in both. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.

Results

Ten themes emerged from the data: these themes encompassed procedural elements (connection; contribution; currency; care consolidation; and consequence), service user characteristics (capacity and confidence) and professional enablers (consultation; choice; and clarity of expression). Procedural elements were discussed most frequently in service user discourse.

Discussion

The process of care planning, centred on the user‐clinician relationship, is key to user involvement.

Implications for Practice

Users describe a common model of meaningful involvement in care planning. Their requests, summarized through a 10C framework of care planning involvement, provide clear direction for improving service users satisfaction with care planning and enhancing the culture of services.
Flibanserin-Stimulated Partner Grooming Reflects Brain Metabolism Changes in Female Marmosets
Authors: Converse Alexander K. , Aubert Yves , Allers Kelly A. , Sommer Bernd , Abbott David H.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Female sexual interest and arousal disorder is personally distressing for women. To better understand the mechanism of the candidate therapeutic, flibanserin, we determined its effects on an index of brain glucose metabolism.

Aim

We hypothesized that chronic treatment with flibanserin would alter metabolism in brain regions associated with serotonergic function and female sexual behavior.

Methods

In a crossover design, eight adult female common marmosets (Calithrix jacchus) received daily flibanserin or vehicle. After 7–12 weeks of treatment, the glucose metabolism radiotracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was administered to each female immediately prior to 30 minutes of interaction with her male pairmate, after which females were anesthetized and imaged by positron emission tomography. Whole-brain normalized images were analyzed with anatomically defined regions of interest. Whole-brain voxelwise mapping was used to explore treatment effects. Correlations were examined between alterations in metabolism and pairmate social grooming.

Main Outcome Measures

Changes in metabolism associated with flibanserin were determined for dorsal raphe, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), medial preoptic area of hypothalamus (mPOA), ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus, and field cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) of the hippocampus.

Results

In response to chronic flibanserin, metabolism in mPOA declined, and this reduction correlated with increases in pairmate grooming. A cluster of voxels in frontal cortico-limbic regions exhibited reduced metabolism in response to flibanserin and overlapped with a voxel cluster in which reductions in metabolism correlated with increases in pairmate grooming. Finally, reductions in mPOA metabolism correlated with increases in metabolism in a cluster of voxels in somatosensory cortex.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results suggest that flibanserin-induced reductions in female mPOA neural activity increase intimate affiliative behavior with male pairmates.