bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcrossing in Caenorhabditis elegans increases in response to food limitation
Authors: Slowinski Samuel P. , Gresham Jennifer D. , Cui Eric R. , Haspel Katharine , Lively Curtis M. , Morran Levi T.
Published: March 2024

Theory predicts that organisms should diversify their offspring when faced with a stressful environment. This prediction has received empirical support across diverse groups of organisms and stressors. For example, when encountered by Caenorhabditis elegans during early development, food limitation (a common environmental stressor) induces the nematodes to arrest in a developmental stage called dauer and to increase their propensity to outcross when they are subsequently provided with food and enabled to develop to maturity. Here we tested whether food limitation first encountered during late development/early adulthood can also induce increased outcrossing propensity in C. elegans. Previously well‐fed C. elegans increased their propensity to outcross when challenged with food limitation during the final larval stage of development and into early adulthood, relative to continuously well‐fed (control) nematodes. Our results thus support previous research demonstrating that the stress of food limitation can induce increased outcrossing propensity in C. elegans. Furthermore, our results expand on previous work by showing that food limitation can still increase outcrossing propensity even when it is not encountered until late development, and this can occur independently of the developmental and gene expression changes associated with dauer.
Assessing the diversity and determinants of health‐related quality of life measures in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Patil Dhrumil , Tang Hsin‐Ju , Kuo Fang‐Hsiu , Toh Han Siong , Yang I‐Ning , Chang Wei‐Ting , Lee Mei‐Chuan , Chung Kai‐Ning , Huang Chi‐Ya , Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Chang Ting‐Chia , Shih Jhih‐Yuan , Liao Chia‐Te
Published: March 2024

Aims

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly impacts health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL). Existing HR‐QoL questionnaires can show inconsistencies, potentially misrepresenting patient self‐reports. This study examines the variation in HR‐QoL measurement tools for HFrEF patients, identifying related determinants.

Methods and results

We retrospectively analysed 134 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HFrEF at a Taiwanese tertiary centre's Heart Failure Post‐Acute‐Care (HF‐PAC) programme. Participants completed the EuroQol‐5 dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaire, the EQ‐5D visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Utility values were obtained from the EQ‐5D questionnaire. Demographic features were depicted using descriptive statistics, while multivariate regression was used to ascertain relationships between HR‐QoL measurements and determinants. Average scores for EQ‐5D, MLHFQ, EQ‐5D utility, and VAS were 6.1 ± 1.6, 21.8 ± 21.3, 81.7 ± 27.0, and 59.5 ± 14.6, respectively. Significant correlations were observed among the three tools. The New York Heart Association functional class showed a notable association with all tool scores. Other associations encompassed EQ‐5D with coronary artery disease, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and the 6 min walk test; EQ‐5D VAS with chronic kidney disease; and MLHFQ with age.

Conclusions

This study illuminates the variance in HR‐QoL measurement tools for Taiwanese HFrEF patients. Using a range of these tools is beneficial in unveiling diverse determinants and approaching comprehensive patient‐centred care. However, for a more precise HR‐QoL assessment in Taiwanese HFrEF patients, recalibrating the EQ‐5D‐derived utility scores might be necessary, emphasizing the importance of patient‐specific considerations within the HF‐PAC programme.
Ru(II)‐Nitrophenylhydrazine/Chlorophenylhydrazine Complexes: Nanoarchitectonics, Biological Evaluation and In silico Study
Authors: Eichhorn Thomas , Đošić Marko , Dimić Dušan , Morgan Ibrahim , Milenković Dejan , Rennert Robert , Amić Ana , Marković Zoran , Kaluđerović Goran N. , Dimitrić Marković Jasmina
Published: March 2024

Ru(II)‐arene compounds are being investigated as anticancer agents due to the biocompatibility of ruthenium and their structural diversity. Two newly synthesized Ru(II) complexes, [RuCl(η6‐p‐cymene)(3‐DNPH)] (chlorido(η6‐p‐cymene)(3‐nitrophenylhydrazine‐k2N,N′)ruthenium(II)) (1) and [RuCl(η6‐p‐cymene)(3‐CNPH)] (chlorido(3‐chlorophenylhydrazine‐k2N,N′)(η6‐p‐cymene)ruthenium(II)) (2), are experimentally (IR, NMR) and theoretically (B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)(H,C,N,Cl)/LanL2DZ(Ru)) characterized. Experimental and theoretical values of 1H and 13C chemical shifts and position of the most intense vibrational bands showed high correlation coefficients and low mean absolute errors, proving the predicted structure and applicability of the selected level of theory. Cell viability studies performed on MDA‐MB‐468, BT‐474, and PC3 cells using MTT and CV assay indicated the activity of the second complex similar to the activity of cisplatin towards BT‐474 breast cancer cells. The spectrofluorimetric measurements of Bovine Serum Albumin showed the binding process‘s spontaneity of complexes and protein, with a binding energy of around −30 kJ mol−1. Detailed molecular docking analysis allowed the elucidation of the binding mechanism through specific intermolecular interactions. Both compounds showed a higher affinity towards BSA than naproxen and cisplatin. Molecular docking simulations proved the spontaneity of the complexes binding to DNA. Based on these promising results, further biological examinations of these compounds are advised.
Uranyl‐Organic Framework as Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalyst for Visible‐Light‐Driven Heterogeneous Hydroacylation of Azodicarboxylates
Authors: Chen Lei , Tan Ke‐Xin , Zheng Zhi‐Jian , Lin Xiao‐Ling , Ming Bang‐Ming , Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Yang Guo‐Ping
Published: March 2024

The direct C−H to C−N bond conversion at room temperature using heterogeneous visible‐light catalysts is both interesting and challenging. Herein, we disclosed visible‐light‐promoted hydroacylation of azodicarboxylates using uranyl‐organic framework [UO2(OH)(cpt)]n (Ucpt, Hcpt=4‐(4′‐carboxyphenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole) as an efficient heterogeneous hydrogen atom transfer photocatalyst. In this procedure, diverse benzaldehydes are compatible using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent at room temperature, achieving direct conversion of C−H to C−N bond with excellent yields (up to 99%). The key to excellent catalytic activity lies in the fact that the coordination of the conjugated ligand changes the HOMO energy level of Ucpt, resulting in more active sites and longer‐lived photo excitons. Simultaneously, this heterogeneous photocatalyst can be easily separated and reused for seven successive cycles and maintain high catalytic activity, showing outstanding sustainability and recyclability.
Molecular Networking‐Guided Discovery of Kyonggic Acids in Massilia spp.
Authors: Steinmetz Till , Lindig Anton , Lütz Stephan , Nett Markus
Published: March 2024

In recent years, bacteria of the genus Massilia have been identified as promising sources of bioactive natural products. In this study, we used mass spectrometry (MS)‐based molecular networking for the first comprehensive analysis of the secondary metabolome of these microorganisms. Annotation of the detected metabolite clusters with a mass fragmentation database revealed several compounds not previously known to be produced by Massilia species. To secure sufficient material for further structural analyses as well as biological testing, we selected the most promising producer strains from our molecular networking analysis and subjected them to larger‐scale cultivation. Following extraction and UV‐directed isolation, we obtained five metabolites in milligram quantities. In addition to a cyclic dipeptide, we elucidated the structures of four acyl amino acids that are related to thalassotalic acid C from the marine bacterium Thalassotalea sp. The Massilia‐derived kyonggic acids were found to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin biosynthesis influencing skin and hair pigmentation. This study illustrates the value of combining spectroscopic and computational tools in natural product discovery in order to detect and guide the isolation of previously overlooked bioactive compounds.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Metal‐Free Three‐Component Amidoheteroarylation of Alkenes to Synthesize β‐(Hetero)arylethylamines
Authors: Feng Qiange , Wang He , Liu Yang , Wei Lin , Sun Jing , Wang Xin , Sun Ran , Wang Yujia , Li Lei
Published: March 2024

Herein, visible‐light‐induced metal‐free three‐component amidoheteroarylation of alkenes with quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and N‐sulfonylaminopyridinium salts is developed. This protocol involves a radical relay process in which the N‐centered radicals undergo chemoselective addition to alkenes to form an alkyl radical that selectively combines with heteroarenes, leading to the formation of C−C and C−N bonds in one step under mild reaction conditions. The involved high efficiency and selectivity, wide substrate scope, and excellent functional‐group compatibility demonstrate the practicability of the developed protocol.
Double Winding Vine‐Shaped Biphenyl with Molecular Asymmetry. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Mori Atsunori , Maruka Aruto , Tabuchi Kohei , Okano Kentaro , Horie Masaki
Published: March 2024

A biphenyl derivative in which two benzene rings are strapped with two chains is prepared. The synthesized product shows molecular asymmetry, which was confirmed by HPLC analysis with chiral column and named as winding vine‐shaped biphenyl. The synthesis of such vine shaped molecule was performed by ring‐closing metathesis or alternatively by annulation with nosylated ethylenediamine. The structure of the obtained product was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration of the molecular asymmetry was assigned after leading to the corresponding camphor sulfonamide through denosylation and re‐amidation process.
Effects of Tween 20 addition on electrokinetic transport in a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel
Authors: Tabarhoseini Seyed Mojtaba , Bentor Joseph , Johnson Walter , Tzeng Tzuen‐Rong , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: March 2024

Tween 20 is frequently added to particle suspensions for reducing the particle–wall adhesion and particle–particle aggregation in microfluidic devices. However, the influences of Tween 20 on the fluid and particle behaviors have been largely ignored. We present in this work the first experimental study of the effects of Tween 20 addition on the electrokinetic transport of fluids and particles in a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel. We find that adding 0.1% v/v Tween 20 to a buffer solution can significantly reduce the electroosmotic mobility as well as the electrokinetic and electrophoretic mobilities of polystyrene particles and yeast cells. Further increasing the Tween 20 concentration within the range typically used in microfluidic applications continues reducing these mobility values, but at a smaller rate. Our finding suggests that Tween 20 should be used with care in electrokinetic microdevices when the flow rate or particle/cell throughput is an important parameter.
Bipolar symptoms, somatic burden and functioning in older‐age bipolar disorder: A replication study from the global aging & geriatric experiments in bipolar disorder database (GAGE‐BD) project
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Rej Soham , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Altinbas Kursat , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , Barbosa Izabela G. , Beunders Alexandra J. M. , Blumberg Hilary P. , Briggs Farren B. S. , Dols Annemiek , Forester Brent P. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Gildengers Ariel G. , Jimenez Esther , Klaus Federica , Lafer Beny , Mulsant Benoit , Mwangi Benson , Nunes Paula Villela , Olagunju Andrew T. , Oluwaniyi Stephen , Orhan Melis , Patrick Regan E. , Radua Joaquim , Rajji Tarek , Sarna Kaylee , Schouws Sigfried , Simhandl Christian , Sekhon Harmehr , Soares Jair C. , Sutherland Ashley N. , Teixeira Antonio L. , Tsai Shangying , Vidal‐Rubio Sonia , Vieta Eduard , Yala Joy , Eyler Lisa T.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database (GAGE‐BD) project pools archival datasets on older age bipolar disorder (OABD). An initial Wave 1 (W1; n = 1369) analysis found both manic and depressive symptoms reduced among older patients. To replicate this finding, we gathered an independent Wave 2 (W2; n = 1232, mean ± standard deviation age 47.2 ± 13.5, 65% women, 49% aged over 50) dataset.

Design/Methods

Using mixed models with random effects for cohort, we examined associations between BD symptoms, somatic burden and age and the contribution of these to functioning in W2 and the combined W1 + W2 sample (n = 2601).

Results

Compared to W1, the W2 sample was younger (p < 0.001), less educated (p < 0.001), more symptomatic (p < 0.001), lower functioning (p < 0.001) and had fewer somatic conditions (p < 0.001). In the full W2, older individuals had reduced manic symptom severity, but age was not associated with depression severity. Age was not associated with functioning in W2. More severe BD symptoms (mania p ≤ 0.001, depression p ≤ 0.001) were associated with worse functioning. Older age was significantly associated with higher somatic burden in the W2 and the W1 + W2 samples, but this burden was not associated with poorer functioning.

Conclusions

In a large, independent sample, older age was associated with less severe mania and more somatic burden (consistent with previous findings), but there was no association of depression with age (different from previous findings). Similar to previous findings, worse BD symptom severity was associated with worse functioning, emphasizing the need for symptom relief in OABD to promote better functioning.
Parental leave and family building experiences among head and neck surgeons in the United States: Career impact and opportunities for improvement
Authors: McMullen Caitlin , Kejner Alexandra , Nicolli Elizabeth , Abouyared Marianne , Coblens Orly , Fedder Katie , Thakkar Punam , Patel Rusha
Published: March 2024

Background

The availability of paid parental leave is an important factor for retention and wellness. The experiences of head and neck surgeons with parental leave have never been reported.

Methods

A survey was electronically distributed to head and neck subspecialty surgeons in the United States. Responses were collected and analyzed.

Results

Male surgeons had more children and took significantly less parental leave than women. Thirty percent of respondents reported that parental leave negatively impacted compensation, and 14% reported a delay in promotion due to leave, which impacted women more than men. The vast majority reported they are happy or neutral about covering those on leave. Most respondents utilized paid childcare, and approximately one quarter of respondents spending 11%–20% of their income on childcare.

Conclusions

This study illuminates the current disparities regarding parental leave‐taking within the subspecialty of head and neck surgery in the United States. Women surgeons are more likely to be impacted professionally and financially.
Is telehealth useful in the management of placenta accreta spectrum in low‐resource settings? Results of an exploratory survey
Authors: Nieto‐Calvache Albaro José , Fox Karin A. , Jauniaux Eric , Maya Juliana , Stefanovic Vedran , Weizsäcker Katharina , van Beekhuizen Heleen , Adu‐Bredu Theophilus , Collins Sally , Siaulys Monica , Hussein Ahmed M. , Duvekot Johannes , Aryananda Rozi , Nieto‐Calvache Alejandro Solo , Pajkrt Eva , Rijken Marcus J. ,   International Society for PAS (IS‐PAS) LMIC Working Group
Published: March 2024

Objective

The optimal management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) requires the participation of multidisciplinary teams that are often not locally available in low‐resource settings. Telehealth has been increasingly used to manage complex obstetric conditions. Few studies have explored the use of telehealth for PAS management, and we aimed evaluate the usage of telehealth in the management of PAS patients in low‐resource settings.

Methods

Between March and April 2023, an observational, survey‐based study was conducted, and obstetricians‐gynecologists with expertise in PAS management in low‐ and middle‐income countries were contacted to share their opinion on the potential use of telehealth for the diagnosis and management of patients at high‐risk of PAS at birth. Participants were identified based on their authorship of at least one published clinical study on PAS in the last 5 years and contacted by email. This is a secondary analysis of the results of that survey.

Results

From 158 authors contacted we obtained 65 responses from participants in 27 middle‐income countries. A third of the participants reported the use of telehealth during the management obstetric emergencies (38.5%, n = 25) and PAS (36.9%, n = 24). Over 70% of those surveyed indicated that they had used “informal” telemedicine (phone call, email, or text message) during PAS management. Fifty‐nine participants (90.8%) reported that recommendations given remotely by expert colleagues were useful for management of patients with PAS in their setting.

Conclusion

Telehealth has been successfully used for the management of PAS in middle‐income countries, and our survey indicates that it could support the development of specialist care in other low resource settings.
Nesfatin‐1 alleviates hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) via the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhuo Zhang , Chen Lijuan , Liu Jiao , Huang Jiang , Deng Jian , Lu Wei , Jiang Xian
Published: March 2024

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease in newborns, which severely influences the health of infants and lacks effective clinical treatment strategies. The pathogenesis of BPD is correlated to enhanced inflammation and activated oxidative stress (OS). The application of antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory treatment could be hot spots for BPD treatment. Nesfatin‐1, a peptide with a suppressive property against inflammation, was tested herein for its potential therapeutic value in BPD. Neonatal SD rats were stimulated with hyperoxia, followed by being intraperitoneally administered with 20 μg/kg/day Nesfatin‐1 for 2 weeks. Decreased RAC value in lung tissues, increased wet weight/dry weight (W/D) pulmonary ratio and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) proteins, elevated cytokine release in BALF, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and declined superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in BPD rats, all of which were sharply mitigated by Nesfatin‐1. Rat epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) were handled with hyperoxia, and then cultured with 1 and 10 nM Nesfatin‐1. Reduced cell viability, elevated lactate dehydrogenase production, elevated cytokine secretion, elevated MDA content, and decreased SOD activity were observed in hyperoxia‐handled AECIIs, all of which were markedly alleviated by Nesfatin‐1. Furthermore, activated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling observed in both BPD rats and hyperoxia‐handled AECIIs were notably repressed by Nesfatin‐1. Collectively, Nesfatin‐1 alleviated hyperoxia‐triggered BPD by repressing inflammation and OS via the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Associations between gendered racism, racial identity, and nicotine use among Asian American men
Authors: Le Thomas P. , Iwamoto Derek K. , Ching Terence H. W.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The present study utilized an intersectional framework to examine if two forms of gendered racism, psychological emasculation and messages about Asian American men being undesirable partners, were associated with Asian American men's nicotine use. We also examined the potential mediating roles of two racial identity statuses, racial conformity and racial immersion.

Methods

A sample of 356 Asian American men living in the United States of America (USA) completed a cross‐sectional survey via Qualtrics containing measures assessing the aforementioned constructs of interest. The primary analysis examined separate parallel mediation models, situating psychological emasculation and undesirable partner as separate independent variables, racial conformity and racial immersion as parallel mediators, nicotine use as the outcome, and age and employment as covariates.

Results

In separate parallel mediation models, the links between psychological emasculation and undesirable partner on one hand, and nicotine use on the other, were completely mediated only by racial conformity, and not significantly mediated by racial immersion. Specifically, greater endorsement of gendered racism was associated with greater conformity with (and internalization of) these gendered racist beliefs, which in turn were associated with greater nicotine use.

Conclusion

Researchers and practitioners may consider racial conformity as an interventional target to ameliorate Asian American men's nicotine use. Future studies should continue to examine other culturally relevant and/or potentially protective constructs (e.g., on the basis of gender, race, and its intersection) that may mitigate Asian American men's nicotine use.
International students' perspectives on the genetic counseling application process
Authors: Galada Chelna , Blake Alise K. , Dean Lori Williamson , Rao Smita K.
Published: March 2024

Between 2018 and 2023, one percent of matched applicants to North American genetic counseling graduate programs (GCGPs) have been international applicants (IAs). The COVID‐19 pandemic led to changes in the GCGP application processes in 2020, most notably the incorporation of virtual interviews and GRE waivers, which uniquely impacted IAs. Twelve international genetic counseling (GC) students who matriculated into a U.S.‐based GCGP in 2021 or 2022 participated in this qualitative study (42% of the total enrolled) to understand their application experience. Cost, location of the program, and rapport during interviews were the most important factors identified by IAs to apply to and rank the GCGPs. Shadowing and volunteer experiences relevant to GC were cited as important for applicants to learn about a genetic counseling career, but many had challenges finding opportunities in their home countries. Unique logistical challenges in taking the GRE, transcript evaluation services, and standardized English proficiency tests were described. Although virtual interviews offered the same experience as domestic applicants, the time difference was a major challenge, requiring IAs to interview through the night, creating additional stressors. Nine of 12 were re‐applicants and shared that engaging with GCGPs early in the process was beneficial for improving applications and, at times, requesting waivers for transcript evaluation requirements and considering unique volunteering experiences. Participants suggested GCGPs can address barriers by providing more specific information on their websites as it pertains to IAs, and contact information for the international student office. Improving awareness of the applicants' backgrounds, home country experiences, and time zone differences would provide IAs with a more equitable application experience. Addressing these barriers could help promote diversity, equity, and inclusion allowing for more IAs and the growth of the genetic counseling profession.
Double Mannich reaction with ketones as a route to heterocyclic systems: A mini review
Authors: Afsah Elsayed M.
Published: March 2024

Double Mannich reaction with ketones is of continuing interest, particularly, in the synthesis of aza‐ and diaza‐heterocycles, alkaloids, and medicinally relevant compounds. The present review deals with the most important literature on the utility of double Mannich reaction in the synthesis and modification of heterocyclic systems.
Blended BA.5 infection within 8 days after a boosted bivalent mRNA vaccination strengthens and lengthens the host immunity
Authors: Huang Mingzhu , Cui Tingting , Liu Siyi , Su Xiaoling , Wang Yuan , Wang Junxiang , Zhong Jiaying , Cao Jinpeng , Mei Xinyue , Li Kaiyi , Luo Qi , Sun Xi , Cheng Li , Wei Rui , Zhao Zhuxiang , Wang Zhongfang
Published: March 2024

The impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection shortly after vaccination on vaccine‐induced immunity is unknown, which is also one of the concerns for some vaccinees during the pandemic. Here, based on a cohort of individuals who encountered BA.5 infection within 8 days after receiving the fourth dose of a bivalent mRNA vaccine, preceded by three doses of inactivated vaccines, we show that booster mRNA vaccination provided 48% protection efficacy against symptomatic infections. At Day 7 postvaccination, the level of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) against WT and BA.5 strains in the uninfected group trended higher than those in the symptomatic infection group. Moreover, there were greater variations in Nabs levels and a significant decrease in virus‐specific CD4+ T cell response observed in the symptomatic infection group. However, symptomatic BA.5 infection significantly increased Nab levels against XBB.1.9.1 and BA.5 (symptomatic > asymptomatic > uninfected group) at Day 10 and resulted in a more gradual decrease in Nabs against BA.5 compared to the uninfected group at Day 90. Our data suggest that BA.5 infection might hinder the early generation of Nabs and the recall of the CD4+ T cell response but strengthens the Nab and virus‐specific T cell response in the later phase. Our data confirmed that infection can enhance host immunity regardless of the short interval between vaccination and infection and alleviate concerns about infections shortly after vaccination, which provides valuable guidance for developing future vaccine administration strategies.
Clinical characteristics and immunogenicity after Omicron breakthrough infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Zha Guanhua , Chen Zhiwei , Wu Na , Huang Tianquan , Deng Zhiling , Cai Dachuan , Peng Mingli , Hu Peng , Ren Hong
Published: March 2024

The clinical and immunological features after breakthrough infection (BTI) during Omicron wave in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) are still unclear. A total of 101 patients with CHB from our previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination cohort (NCT05007665), were continued to be followed up at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University after BTI, while an additional 39 healthcare workers after BTI were recruited as healthy controls (HCs). Clinical data were collected using questionnaire survey and electronic medical record. Blood samples were used to determine the antibody responses, as well as B and T cell responses. After BTI, the clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 were mild to moderate in patients with CHB, with a median duration of 5 days. Compared with HCs, patients with CHB were more susceptible to develop moderate COVID‐19. The liver function was not significantly damaged, and HBV‐DNA was not activated in patients with CHB after BTI. Patients with CHB could elicit robust antibody responses after BTI (NAbs 13.0‐fold, BA.5 IgG: 24.2‐fold, respectively), which was also significantly higher than that in every period after vaccination (all p < 0.001), and compared to that in HCs after BTI. The CD4+, cTfh, and CD8+ T cell responses were also augmented in patients with CHB after BTI, while exhibiting comparability to those observed in HCs. In patients with CHB after BTI, the immune imprint was observed in B cell responses, rather than in T cell responses. In conclusion, Omicron breakthrough infection induced mild to moderate COVID‐19 symptoms in patients with CHB, without exacerbating the progress of liver diseases. Meanwhile, BTI demonstrated the ability to induce robust antibody and T cell responses in patients with CHB, which was comparable to those observed in HCs.
Climate change and La Niña increase the likelihood of the ‘7·20’ extraordinary typhoon‐rainstorm in Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Yuan Xing
Published: March 2024

On 20 July, 2021, an extraordinary rainstorm occurred in Zhengzhou in Central‐North China, which caused hundreds of deaths and serious property damages, and affected 14 million people. The compound anomalous atmospheric circulations were found to be responsible for the occurrence of the extraordinary rainstorm in Zhengzhou, but the influence of large‐scale sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and the contribution of climate change received less attention. This study conducts an attribution analysis based on atmospheric reanalysis and sea surface temperature (SST) observation data combined with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulation data. The results show that the return period for the extraordinary rainstorm was 250 years, which was caused by the interaction between the abnormally northerly shift of Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) that was associated with the negative SSTA over the tropical central‐eastern Pacific (i.e., a moderate La Niña condition) and Typhoon In‐fa and Typhoon Cempaka. A persistent convergence was formed over Zhengzhou by transporting a large amount of water vapour to hinterland. The lagged response of La Niña affected WNPSH and the rainband in China. The attribution analysis shows that climate change due to anthropogenic forcings such as greenhouse gas emissions increased the risk of such a rainstorm event by 12% compared to the conditions under the natural forcings. Under the combined effects of anthropogenic forcings and La Niña, the risk of occurrence increased 47% compared to the effect of natural forcings only on similar precipitation events. This study suggests a synergistic effect of climate change and large‐scale tropical climate variability on compound extremes.
Multiscale association between large‐scale climate variability modes and drought in India via wavelet analysis
Authors: Sidhan Valiya Veetil , Singh Sarmistha
Published: March 2024

Extreme events, such as droughts, are influenced by climate variability modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multi‐decadal oscillation (AMO) and Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO). Due to the significant interdependency among the climatic indices at various frequencies, a time‐frequency framework is necessary to better understand the teleconnection. The present study evaluates the association between climate variability modes and drought index in India using different variants of wavelet analysis such as wavelet coherence analysis (WCA), partial wavelet coherence analysis (PWCA), multiple wavelet coherence analysis (MWCA) and wavelet reconstruction methods. In this study, four major climatic indices (ENSO, PDO, AMO, EQUINOO) and the drought index, standard precipitation index (SPI), at four different monthly time periods (1, 3, 6 and 12) are considered. The results from the WCA analysis highlight significant teleconnection spectra for ENSO, PDO and EQUINOO at 2–8, 8–16 and 16–32 year time‐frequency bands. Further, PWCA results reveal significant interdependency in the teleconnection of ENSO and PDO at all the scales, while ENSO and EQUINOO are found to be independent modes of interannual drought variability in India. Finally, MWCA results show that the combination of EQUINOO and ENSO better explains the interannual variability of droughts in Northwest and Central northeast India. The results of this study will help improve drought prediction and early warning systems in India, by selection of appropriate climatic oscillations for different regions in India.
The role of atmospheric rivers and associated circulation patterns in the Arctic warming in boreal winter
Authors: Gong Zhaohui , Zhong Linhao , Hua Lijuan , Feng Jinming
Published: March 2024

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) serve a narrow, filamentary channels responsible for intense moisture and heat transport, which are vital for the Arctic sea ice loss and surface air warming, particularly in winter. In this study, ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2020 are used to investigate the evolution of ARs in the Arctic and the corresponding atmospheric circulation patterns in winter. Our findings indicate that atmospheric circulation is a key factor that facilitates the transport and dispersion of ARs. Cyclonic circulation anomalies provide the dynamical support for ARs in the early development stages, while anticyclonic anomalies are essential for maintaining the thermal and moisture conditions of ARs, particularly after their intrusions into the Arctic region. The cooperation between cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies plays a critical role in the infiltration and dispersion of ARs, governed by distinct circulation modes for regional intrusions. A positive Arctic Oscillation‐like pattern manifests as a cyclonic system over the Arctic, increasing the likelihood of AR intrusion into Baffin Bay. Conversely, a negative pattern induces a more intense anticyclonic system over the Arctic, thereby raising the frequency of ARs in the Bering Strait. The Pacific‐North American pattern not only directly affects ARs entering the Arctic via the Pacific but also has downstream impacts on ARs intruding the Arctic through Baffin Bay.
Predictors of Change in Creative Thinking Abilities in Young People: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Asquith Sarah L. , Wang Xu , Quintana Daniel S. , Abraham Anna
Published: March 2024

Previous research has examined how creative potential develops during childhood and has identified peaks, slumps, and bumps during maturation. However, little is known about the causes of such changes. This study employed a longitudinal approach to assess predictors of change in creative ideation over 2 years in young people (N = 76) aged 14–20 years old at the first time point. The analysis employed frequentist and Bayesian methods to evaluate the effect of individual factors, such as openness to experience (assessed using the BFI‐10 short form), and contextual factors, such as pursuing creative hobbies (measured with a leisure questionnaire). Openness at the first time point and change in openness over time predicted change in peak originality. Engagement in creative hobbies at the first time point predicted change in fluency. The findings support the contribution of individual factors, in the form of openness to experience, and contextual factors, in the form of engagement in creative hobbies, in the development of divergent thinking abilities in mid‐adolescence and young adulthood. Altogether, this study suggests that interventions aimed at increasing time spent on creative activities and promoting openness to experience may enhance divergent thinking abilities, which are essential components of creative potential.
Employee Radical and Incremental Creativity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ren Fengmei , Song Zhigang
Published: March 2024

Employee creativity is essential for contemporary companies to survive and gain competitive advantages. Although previous studies have made efforts to identify organizational factors that improve or hinder employee creativity, a better understanding is still needed regarding the differences between radical and incremental creativity, especially the different mechanisms of how organizational factors impact two types of creativity. To address this issue, we aim to provide a systematic review through which to identify different antecedents that affect radical and incremental creativity, respectively, based on componential theory of creativity. At first, we clarified the definitions and measurements of radical and incremental creativity. Then, we categorized the antecedents of radical and incremental creativity to develop an integrative framework. Last but not least, we identified the different organizational factors regarding how to improve radical and incremental creativity. We also address several future research directions.
Fibular morphology is not associated with incidence of peroneal tendon dislocation
Authors: Goto Kazumi , Sanada Takaki , Honda Eisaburo , Sameshima Shin , Murakami Tomoki , Inagawa Miyu , Ishida Yutaro , Kuzuhara Ryota , Iwaso Hiroshi
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The association of peroneal tendon dislocation with peroneal bone morphology and postoperative redislocation rates remains unknown. This study compared the fibula morphology in patients with peroneal tendon dislocation with that in a control population.

Methods

The study enrolled 48 patients who underwent surgery for peroneal tendon dislocation at our institution during between 2018 and 2023. Thirty‐five patients with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle were defined as Group D and 35 with magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle for other reasons and with similar background data were selected as the control group (Group C). The posterior tilting angle of the fibula, posterolateral angle and posterolateral edge angle were evaluated at the plafond level. The posterior tilting angle, posterolateral angle and retromalleolar bone shape according to the Rosenberg classification (flat, convex, concave) were evaluated at the midpoint between the plafond and the tip.

Results

At the plafond level, the posterior tilting, posterolateral and posterolateral edge angles were 57.7 ± 11.1°, 123.8 ± 12.3° and 90.8 ± 13.7°, respectively, in Group D and 64.1 ± 15.4°, 121.1 ± 12.3° and 88.7 ± 12.2°, respectively, in Group C, with no significant differences. No significant between‐group differences existed in the posterior tilting and posterolateral angles at the midpoint level. Moreover, no significant differences existed in distribution of the bone geometry according to the Rosenberg classification.

Conclusion

There were no differences in morphology between patients with peroneal tendon dislocation and controls. This study provides useful information on the indications for primary surgery and whether bony approach is useful for peroneal tendon dislocation.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Advances in Quantum Imaging with Machine Intelligence
Authors: Moodley Chané , Forbes Andrew
Published: March 2024

Quantum imaging exemplifies the fascinating and counter‐intuitive nature of the quantum world, where non‐local correlations are exploited for imaging of objects by remote and non‐interacting photons. The field has exploded of late, driven by advances in our fundamental understanding of these processes, but also by advances in technology, for instance, efficient single photon detectors and cameras. Accelerating the progress is the nascent intersection of quantum imaging with artificial intelligence and machine learning, promising enhanced speed and quality of quantum images. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field of quantum imaging with a specific focus on the intersection of quantum ghost imaging with artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. The seminal advances made to date and the open challenges are highlighted, and the likely trajectory for the future is outlined.
Some summability methods for Dunkl–Gamma‐type operators including Appell polynomials
Authors: Braha Naim L.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we give some properties of the Dunkl–Gamma‐type operators including Appell polynomials, using into consideration the generalized power summability method. In the first section are given moments of the new defined operators. In second section are given some direct estimation related to the Dunkl–Gamma‐type operators, including Korovkin‐type theorem. In the third section, we give some results related to the weighted spaces of continuous functions, and in the last section, we give some properties in the sense of
‐statistically convergence, including Voronovskaya and Grüss–Voronovskaya‐type theorem.
Design of multibeam antenna with ultralow cross‐polarization
Authors: Tao Xiao , Wang Hao , Wan Jixiang , Ding Wei , Song Wenchao , Deng Heng
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a design to realize extremely low cross‐polarization level in multibeam antenna. The antenna consists of two reflectors placed on top of each other. The front reflector is a panel made of metal grid, which is used to separate two orthogonal polarizations. The rear reflector serves as the actual multibeam antenna surface. The multibeam antenna and feed array operated at Ku band are designed and fabricated. The test results show that the gains of the 28 beams can be better than 40.42 dBi, and the cross‐polarization level can be lower than −40 dB. The proposed method provides a novel idea for the design of ultralow cross‐polarization multibeam antenna.
DFT investigation of coupling constant anomalies in substituted β‐lactams
Authors: Crull Emily B. , Buevich Alexei V. , Martin Gary E. , Mahar Rohit , Qu Bo , Senanayake Chris H. , Molinski Tadeusz F. , Williamson R. Thomas
Published: March 2024

β‐lactams are a chemically diverse group of molecules with a wide range of biological activities. Having recently observed curious trends in 2JHH coupling values in studies on this structural class, we sought to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of these diagnostic NMR parameters, specifically interrogating 1JCH, 2JCH, and 2JHH, to differentiate 3‐ and 4‐monosubstituted β‐lactams. Further investigation using computational chemistry methods was employed to explore the geometric and electronic origins for the observed and calculated differences between the two substitution patterns.
Longitudinal data of serum creatine kinase levels and motor, pulmonary, and cardiac functions in 337 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Awano Hiroyuki , Nambu Yoshinori , Itoh Chieko , Kida Akihiro , Yamamoto Tetsushi , Lee Tomoko , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Nozu Kandai , Matsuo Masafumi
Published: March 2024

Introduction/Aims

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) presents with skeletal muscle weakness, followed by cardiorespiratory involvement. The need for longitudinal data regarding DMD that could serve as a control for determining treatment efficacy in clinical trials has increased notably. The present study examined the longitudinal data of Japanese DMD patients collectively and assessed individual patients with pathogenic variants eligible for exon‐skipping therapy.

Methods

Patients with DMD who visited Kobe University Hospital between March 1991 and March 2019 were enrolled. Data between the patients' first visit until age 20 years were examined.

Results

Three hundred thirty‐seven patients were included. Serum creatine kinase levels showed extremely high values until the age of 6 years and a rapid decline from ages 7–12 years. Both the median 10‐m run/walk velocity and rise‐from‐floor velocity peaked at the age of 4 years and declined with age. The values for respiratory function declined from the age of 11 years. The median left ventricular ejection fraction was >60% until the age of 12 years and rapidly declined from ages 13–15 years. Examination of the relationship between pathogenic variants eligible for exon‐skipping therapy and longitudinal data revealed no characteristic findings.

Discussion

We found that creatine kinase levels and motor, respiratory, and cardiac functions each exhibited various changes over time. These findings provide useful information about the longitudinal data of several outcome measures for patients with DMD not receiving corticosteroids. These data may serve as historical controls in comparing the natural history of DMD patients not on regular steroid use in appropriate clinical trials.
Complications of obliterative versus reconstructive vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse in octogenarians: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Coleman Charlotte Elizabeth Mahon , Bonasia Kyra , Pascali Dante , Clancy Aisling
Published: March 2024

Aims

Women of advanced age may choose between restorative or obliterative surgery for surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse. Obliterative surgery is traditionally reserved for a subset of older women with more severe medical comorbidities, since obliterative approaches are generally considered to be less morbid and older individuals have higher rates of perioperative complications than younger cohorts. This study compared perioperative complications amongst octogenarians undergoing obliterative versus reconstructive approaches. This data will help to inform perioperative counselling as previous studies have not been powered to evaluate complications in this population.

Methods

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients that had Pelvic organ prolapse surgery between 2012 and 2021, aged 80 years or older. Single‐compartment procedures, vaginal mesh procedures, and oncologic surgery were excluded. The primary outcome was any complication within the first 30 days excluding urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI, readmission, and severe complications were secondary outcomes.

Results

Of the 4149 patients identified, 2514 (60.6%) underwent reconstructive surgery and 1635 (39.4%) underwent obliterative surgery. Patients undergoing reconstructive surgery were more likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class of 1 or 2 (46.1% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.002) and were less likely to be on antihypertensive medication (72.0% vs. 75.8%, p = 0.006). Further, there was an increased length of stay (1.47 ± 1.84 vs. 1.03 ± 1.31 days, p < 0.001) in hospital for reconstructive surgery which was more often performed as an inpatient (45.7% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the primary outcome: any complication excluding UTIs. However, UTI was more common in the reconstructive group (aOR 0.48; 95% confidence interval 0.34−0.0). The rate of serious complications (Clavien‐Dindo Class IV) was low overall and not different between reconstructive and obliterative approaches (1.3% vs. 1.0%, respectively).

Conclusions

Both vaginal reconstructive and obliterative approaches have low complication rates in octogenarians, with only UTI rate being different between cohorts. When choosing surgical approach, we suggest a case‐based, patient center discussion on the anatomic outcomes, durability and patient satisfaction.
A fifth‐ to sixth‐century CE lynx (Lynx lynx L., 1758) skeleton from Hungary 2: Stature and archaeological interpretations
Authors: Gál Erika , Bartosiewicz László , Kiss Viktória , Horváth Friderika , Melis Eszter
Published: March 2024

Lynx remains are rare in archaeological assemblages. The skeleton of an adult male accompanied by four dogs was found in a large Migration Period pit at Zamárdi–Kútvölgyi‐dűlő II, Hungary. Extant lynx skeletons were used in estimating the shoulder height of this individual. Its stature is comparable to those of the large dogs it was buried with. None of the five skeletons showed skinning marks. Although the physical reconstruction of the lynx was of help in appraising this special pit, the actual nature of the deposit remains in question. Possible interpretations range from the mundane discard of carcasses to the poorly understood ritual burial of carnivores, beginning with the lynx. We reviewed these options within the framework of cultural diversity of Migration Period peoples in west‐central Hungary.