bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA Mutations, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Mammalian Aging
Authors: Kujoth G. C. , Hiona A. , Pugh T. D. , Someya S. , Panzer K. , Wohlgemuth S. E. , Hofer T. , Seo A. Y. , Sullivan R. , Jobling W. A. , Morrow J. D. , Van Remmen H. , Sedivy J. M. , Yamasoba T. , Tanokura M. , Weindruch R. , Leeuwenburgh C. , Prolla T. A.
Published: July 2005

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulate in tissues of mammalian species and have been hypothesized to contribute to aging. We show that mice expressing a proofreading-deficient version of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase g (POLG) accumulate mtDNA mutations and display features of accelerated aging. Accumulation of mtDNA mutations was not associated with increased markers of oxidative stress or a defect in cellular proliferation, but was correlated with the induction of apoptotic markers, particularly in tissues characterized by rapid cellular turnover. The levels of apoptotic markers were also found to increase during aging in normal mice. Thus, accumulation of mtDNA mutations that promote apoptosis may be a central mechanism driving mammalian aging.
Comparative Genomics of Trypanosomatid Parasitic Protozoa
Authors: El-Sayed Najib M. , Myler Peter J. , Blandin Gaëlle , Berriman Matthew , Crabtree Jonathan , Aggarwal Gautam , Caler Elisabet , Renauld Hubert , Worthey Elizabeth A. , Hertz-Fowler Christiane , Ghedin Elodie , Peacock Christopher , Bartholomeu Daniella C. , Haas Brian J. , Tran Anh-Nhi , Wortman Jennifer R. , Alsmark U. Cecilia M. , Angiuoli Samuel , Anupama Atashi , Badger Jonathan , Bringaud Frederic , Cadag Eithon , Carlton Jane M. , Cerqueira Gustavo C. , Creasy Todd , Delcher Arthur L. , Djikeng Appolinaire , Embley T. Martin , Hauser Christopher , Ivens Alasdair C. , Kummerfeld Sarah K. , Pereira-Leal Jose B. , Nilsson Daniel , Peterson Jeremy , Salzberg Steven L. , Shallom Joshua , Silva Joana C. , Sundaram Jaideep , Westenberger Scott , White Owen , Melville Sara E. , Donelson John E. , Andersson Björn , Stuart Kenneth D. , Hall Neil
Published: July 2005

A comparison of gene content and genome architecture of
Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi
, and
Leishmania major
, three related pathogens with different life cycles and disease pathology, revealed a conserved core proteome of about 6200 genes in large syntenic polycistronic gene clusters. Many species-specific genes, especially large surface antigen families, occur at nonsyntenic chromosome-internal and subtelomeric regions. Retroelements, structural RNAs, and gene family expansion are often associated with syntenic discontinuities that—along with gene divergence, acquisition and loss, and rearrangement within the syntenic regions—have shaped the genomes of each parasite. Contrary to recent reports, our analyses reveal no evidence that these species are descended from an ancestor that contained a photosynthetic endosymbiont.
The Genome Sequence of
Trypanosoma cruzi
, Etiologic Agent of Chagas Disease
Authors: El-Sayed Najib M. , Myler Peter J. , Bartholomeu Daniella C. , Nilsson Daniel , Aggarwal Gautam , Tran Anh-Nhi , Ghedin Elodie , Worthey Elizabeth A. , Delcher Arthur L. , Blandin Gaëlle , Westenberger Scott J. , Caler Elisabet , Cerqueira Gustavo C. , Branche Carole , Haas Brian , Anupama Atashi , Arner Erik , Åslund Lena , Attipoe Philip , Bontempi Esteban , Bringaud Frédéric , Burton Peter , Cadag Eithon , Campbell David A. , Carrington Mark , Crabtree Jonathan , Darban Hamid , da Silveira Jose Franco , de Jong Pieter , Edwards Kimberly , Englund Paul T. , Fazelina Gholam , Feldblyum Tamara , Ferella Marcela , Frasch Alberto Carlos , Gull Keith , Horn David , Hou Lihua , Huang Yiting , Kindlund Ellen , Klingbeil Michele , Kluge Sindy , Koo Hean , Lacerda Daniela , Levin Mariano J. , Lorenzi Hernan , Louie Tin , Machado Carlos Renato , McCulloch Richard , McKenna Alan , Mizuno Yumi , Mottram Jeremy C. , Nelson Siri , Ochaya Stephen , Osoegawa Kazutoyo , Pai Grace , Parsons Marilyn , Pentony Martin , Pettersson Ulf , Pop Mihai , Ramirez Jose Luis , Rinta Joel , Robertson Laura , Salzberg Steven L. , Sanchez Daniel O. , Seyler Amber , Sharma Reuben , Shetty Jyoti , Simpson Anjana J. , Sisk Ellen , Tammi Martti T. , Tarleton Rick , Teixeira Santuza , Van Aken Susan , Vogt Christy , Ward Pauline N. , Wickstead Bill , Wortman Jennifer , White Owen , Fraser Claire M. , Stuart Kenneth D. , Andersson Björn
Published: July 2005

Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen
Trypanosoma cruzi
revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (>1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the
T. cruzi, T. brucei
, and
Leishmania major
(Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.
The Genome of the African Trypanosome
Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Berriman Matthew , Ghedin Elodie , Hertz-Fowler Christiane , Blandin Gaëlle , Renauld Hubert , Bartholomeu Daniella C. , Lennard Nicola J. , Caler Elisabet , Hamlin Nancy E. , Haas Brian , Böhme Ulrike , Hannick Linda , Aslett Martin A. , Shallom Joshua , Marcello Lucio , Hou Lihua , Wickstead Bill , Alsmark U. Cecilia M. , Arrowsmith Claire , Atkin Rebecca J. , Barron Andrew J. , Bringaud Frederic , Brooks Karen , Carrington Mark , Cherevach Inna , Chillingworth Tracey-Jane , Churcher Carol , Clark Louise N. , Corton Craig H. , Cronin Ann , Davies Rob M. , Doggett Jonathon , Djikeng Appolinaire , Feldblyum Tamara , Field Mark C. , Fraser Audrey , Goodhead Ian , Hance Zahra , Harper David , Harris Barbara R. , Hauser Heidi , Hostetler Jessica , Ivens Al , Jagels Kay , Johnson David , Johnson Justin , Jones Kristine , Kerhornou Arnaud X. , Koo Hean , Larke Natasha , Landfear Scott , Larkin Christopher , Leech Vanessa , Line Alexandra , Lord Angela , MacLeod Annette , Mooney Paul J. , Moule Sharon , Martin David M. A. , Morgan Gareth W. , Mungall Karen , Norbertczak Halina , Ormond Doug , Pai Grace , Peacock Chris S. , Peterson Jeremy , Quail Michael A. , Rabbinowitsch Ester , Rajandream Marie-Adele , Reitter Chris , Salzberg Steven L. , Sanders Mandy , Schobel Seth , Sharp Sarah , Simmonds Mark , Simpson Anjana J. , Tallon Luke , Turner C. Michael R. , Tait Andrew , Tivey Adrian R. , Van Aken Susan , Walker Danielle , Wanless David , Wang Shiliang , White Brian , White Owen , Whitehead Sally , Woodward John , Wortman Jennifer , Adams Mark D. , Embley T. Martin , Gull Keith , Ullu Elisabetta , Barry J. David , Fairlamb Alan H. , Opperdoes Fred , Barrell Barclay G. , Donelson John E. , Hall Neil , Fraser Claire M. , Melville Sara E. , El-Sayed Najib M.
Published: July 2005

African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of
Trypanosoma brucei
. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including ∼900 pseudogenes and ∼1700
T. brucei
–specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most
VSG
genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of
T. brucei, T. cruzi
, and
Leishmania major
reveals the least overall metabolic capability in
T. brucei
and the greatest in
L. major
. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.
The Genome of the Kinetoplastid Parasite,
Leishmania major
Authors: Ivens Alasdair C. , Peacock Christopher S. , Worthey Elizabeth A. , Murphy Lee , Aggarwal Gautam , Berriman Matthew , Sisk Ellen , Rajandream Marie-Adele , Adlem Ellen , Aert Rita , Anupama Atashi , Apostolou Zina , Attipoe Philip , Bason Nathalie , Bauser Christopher , Beck Alfred , Beverley Stephen M. , Bianchettin Gabriella , Borzym Katja , Bothe Gordana , Bruschi Carlo V. , Collins Matt , Cadag Eithon , Ciarloni Laura , Clayton Christine , Coulson Richard M. R. , Cronin Ann , Cruz Angela K. , Davies Robert M. , De Gaudenzi Javier , Dobson Deborah E. , Duesterhoeft Andreas , Fazelina Gholam , Fosker Nigel , Frasch Alberto Carlos , Fraser Audrey , Fuchs Monika , Gabel Claudia , Goble Arlette , Goffeau AndreÌ , Harris David , Hertz-Fowler Christiane , Hilbert Helmut , Horn David , Huang Yiting , Klages Sven , Knights Andrew , Kube Michael , Larke Natasha , Litvin Lyudmila , Lord Angela , Louie Tin , Marra Marco , Masuy David , Matthews Keith , Michaeli Shulamit , Mottram Jeremy C. , MuÌller-Auer Silke , Munden Heather , Nelson Siri , Norbertczak Halina , Oliver Karen , O'Neil Susan , Pentony Martin , Pohl Thomas M. , Price Claire , Purnelle BeÌneÌdicte , Quail Michael A. , Rabbinowitsch Ester , Reinhardt Richard , Rieger Michael , Rinta Joel , Robben Johan , Robertson Laura , Ruiz Jeronimo C. , Rutter Simon , Saunders David , SchaÌfer Melanie , Schein Jacquie , Schwartz David C. , Seeger Kathy , Seyler Amber , Sharp Sarah , Shin Heesun , Sivam Dhileep , Squares Rob , Squares Steve , Tosato Valentina , Vogt Christy , Volckaert Guido , Wambutt Rolf , Warren Tim , Wedler Holger , Woodward John , Zhou Shiguo , Zimmermann Wolfgang , Smith Deborah F. , Blackwell Jenefer M. , Stuart Kenneth D. , Barrell Bart , Myler Peter J.
Published: July 2005

Leishmania
species cause a spectrum of human diseases in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We have sequenced the 36 chromosomes of the 32.8-megabase haploid genome of
Leishmania major
(Friedlin strain) and predict 911 RNA genes, 39 pseudogenes, and 8272 protein-coding genes, of which 36% can be ascribed a putative function. These include genes involved in host-pathogen interactions, such as proteolytic enzymes, and extensive machinery for synthesis of complex surface glycoconjugates. The organization of protein-coding genes into long, strand-specific, polycistronic clusters and lack of general transcription factors in the
L. major, Trypanosoma brucei
, and
Trypanosoma cruzi
(Tritryp) genomes suggest that the mechanisms regulating RNA polymerase IIâdirected transcription are distinct from those operating in other eukaryotes, although the trypanosomatids appear capable of chromatin remodeling. Abundant RNA-binding proteins are encoded in the Tritryp genomes, consistent with active posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.
Tau Suppression in a Neurodegenerative Mouse Model Improves Memory Function
Authors: SantaCruz K. , Lewis J. , Spires T. , Paulson J. , Kotilinek L. , Ingelsson M. , Guimaraes A. , DeTure M. , Ramsden M. , McGowan E. , Forster C. , Yue M. , Orne J. , Janus C. , Mariash A. , Kuskowski M. , Hyman B. , Hutton M. , Ashe K. H.
Published: July 2005

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the most common intraneuronal inclusion in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and have been implicated in mediating neuronal death and cognitive deficits. Here, we found that mice expressing a repressible human tau variant developed progressive age-related NFTs, neuronal loss, and behavioral impairments. After the suppression of transgenic tau, memory function recovered, and neuron numbers stabilized, but to our surprise, NFTs continued to accumulate. Thus, NFTs are not sufficient to cause cognitive decline or neuronal death in this model of tauopathy.
Deconstructing Biotechnology
Authors: Enriquez Juan
Published: July 2005

The Global Genome
. Biotechnology, Politics, and Culture.
By Eugene Thacker
. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005. 440 pp. $39.95, £25.95. ISBN 0-262-20155-0. Leonardo Books.

Exploring the relations among DNA as material in a test tube, a sequence in a database, and economically valuable information in a patent, the author argues that these entities and their relations are redefining our notions of biological life.
Health Innovation Networks to Help Developing Countries Address Neglected Diseases
Authors: Morel Carlos M. , Acharya Tara , Broun Denis , Dangi Ajit , Elias Christopher , Ganguly N. K. , Gardner Charles A. , Gupta R. K. , Haycock Jane , Heher Anthony D. , Hotez Peter J. , Kettler Hannah E. , Keusch Gerald T. , Krattiger Anatole F. , Kreutz Fernando T. , Lall Sanjaya , Lee Keun , Mahoney Richard , Martinez-Palomo Adolfo , Mashelkar R. A. , Matlin Stephen A. , Mzimba Mandi , Oehler Joachim , Ridley Robert G. , Senanayake Pramilla , Singer Peter , Yun Mikyung
Published: July 2005

Gross inequities in disease burden between developed and developing countries are now the subject of intense global attention. Public and private donors have marshaled resources and created organizational structures to accelerate the development of new health products and to procure and distribute drugs and vaccines for the poor. Despite these encouraging efforts directed primarily from and funded by industrialized countries, sufficiency and sustainability remain enormous challenges because of the sheer magnitude of the problem. Here we highlight a complementary and increasingly important means to improve health equity: the growing ability of some developing countries to undertake health innovation.
Effects of Vitamin A Supplementation on Immune Responses and Correlation with Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Villamor Eduardo , Fawzi Wafaie W.
Published: July 2005

Vitamin A supplementation to preschool children is known to decrease the risks of mortality and morbidity from some forms of diarrhea, measles, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and malaria. These effects are likely to be the result of the actions of vitamin A on immunity. Some of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of vitamin A have been described in clinical trials and can be correlated with clinical outcomes of supplementation. The effects on morbidity from measles are related to enhanced antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation. Benefits for severe diarrhea could be attributable to the functions of vitamin A in sustaining the integrity of mucosal epithelia in the gut, whereas positive effects among HIV-infected children could also be related to increased T-cell lymphopoiesis. There is no conclusive evidence for a direct effect of vitamin A supplementation on cytokine production or lymphocyte activation. Under certain circumstances, vitamin A supplementation to infants has the potential to improve the antibody response to some vaccines, including tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and measles. There is limited research on the effects of vitamin A supplementation to adults and the elderly on their immune function; currently available data provide no consistent evidence for beneficial effects. Additional studies with these age groups are needed.
Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Microbiology, Clinical Features, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Qadri Firdausi , Svennerholm Ann-Mari , Faruque A. S. G. , Sack R. Bradley
Published: July 2005

ETEC is an underrecognized but extremely important cause of diarrhea in the developing world where there is inadequate clean water and poor sanitation. It is the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea in children and adults living in these areas and also the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea. ETEC diarrhea is most frequently seen in children, suggesting that a protective immune response occurs with age. The pathogenesis of ETEC-induced diarrhea is similar to that of cholera and includes the production of enterotoxins and colonization factors. The clinical symptoms of ETEC infection can range from mild diarrhea to a severe cholera-like syndrome. The effective treatment of ETEC diarrhea by rehydration is similar to treatment for cholera, but antibiotics are not used routinely for treatment except in traveler's diarrhea. The frequency and characterization of ETEC on a worldwide scale are inadequate because of the difficulty in recognizing the organisms; no simple diagnostic tests are presently available. Protection strategies, as for other enteric infections, include improvements in hygiene and development of effective vaccines. Increases in antimicrobial resistance will dictate the drugs used for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Efforts need to be made to improve our understanding of the worldwide importance of ETEC.
Epidemiology and Management of Infectious Diseases in International Adoptees
Authors: Murray Thomas S. , Groth M. Elizabeth , Weitzman Carol , Cappello Michael
Published: July 2005

International adoptees represent a group of children with unique health care needs. Data from published studies, along with the recent experience of the Yale International Adoption Clinic, suggest that the risk of serious infections in adoptees is low, although infections associated with institutionalization still occur commonly. Interpretation of these data must be undertaken with caution, however, since many, if not most, international adoptees are not evaluated in specialty clinics. Thus, prospective studies designed to minimize selection and referral bias are needed in order to accurately define the risk of infectious and noninfectious diseases in all international adoptees.
Immune Responses and Disease Enhancement during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Openshaw Peter J. M. , Tregoning John S.
Published: July 2005

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the commonest and most troublesome viruses of infancy. It causes most cases of bronchiolitis, which is associated with wheezing in later childhood. In primary infection, the peak of disease typically coincides with the development of specific T- and B-cell responses, which seem, in large part, to be responsible for disease. Animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease severity, particularly after vaccination with formalin-inactivated RSV. Prior immune sensitization leads to exuberant chemokine production, an excessive cellular influx, and an overabundance of cytokines during RSV challenge. Under different circumstances, specific mediators and T-cell subsets and antibody-antigen immune complex deposition are incriminated as major factors in disease. Animal models of immune enhancement permit a deep understanding of the role of specific immune responses in RSV disease, assist in vaccine design, and indicate which immunomodulatory therapy might be beneficial to children with bronchiolitis.
Novel Perspectives on Mucormycosis: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Management
Authors: Spellberg Brad , Edwards John , Ibrahim Ashraf
Published: July 2005

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients. These infections are becoming increasingly common, yet survival remains very poor. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease may lead to future therapies. For example, it is now clear that iron metabolism plays a central role in regulating mucormycosis infections and that deferoxamine predisposes patients to mucormycosis by inappropriately supplying the fungus with iron. These findings raise the possibility that iron chelator therapy may be useful to treat the infection as long as the chelator does not inappropriately supply the fungus with iron. Recent data support the concept that high-dose liposomal amphotericin is the preferred monotherapy for mucormycosis. However, several novel therapeutic strategies are available. These options include combination therapy using lipid-based amphotericin with an echinocandin or with an azole (largely itraconazole or posaconazole) or with all three. The underlying principles of therapy for this disease remain rapid diagnosis, reversal of underlying predisposition, and urgent surgical debridement.
Potential Energy Curve of N2 in Its Ground Electronic State
Authors: Špirko Vladimír
Published: July 2005

The potential energy curve of N2 is constructed by morphing a very accurate (r12)-MR-ACPF ab initio potential within the framework of the reduced potential curve (RPC) approach of Jenč and Plíva. The actual morphing is performed by fitting the RPC parameters to highly accurate experimental ro-vibrational data. The resulting potential energy curve is in a close harmony with these data allowing thus for reliable prediction of the so-far unknown molecular states. The (r12)-MR-ACPF reduced potential is also used as a reference for fitting less accurate SR-CCSD and RMR-CCSD theoretical data of Li and Paldus (Li X., Paldus J.: J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 113, 9966). Though not fully quantitative, the fittings reveal high coincidence of the CCSD reduced potentials with their reference (r12)-MR-ACPF counterpart evidencing thus physical adequacy of the probed CCSD methods for rationalizing experimental data by means of the RPC approach.
On the Bidirectionality of the JWKB Connection Formula at a Linear Turning Point
Authors: Shen Hujun , Silverstone Harris J. , Álvarez Gabriel
Published: July 2005

The bidirectionality of the Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (JWKB) connection formula is demonstrated by a simple numerical example constructed from a linear potential and a box.
General-Model-Space State-Universal Coupled-Cluster Method: Excited States of Ozone
Authors: Li Xiangzhu
Published: July 2005

The low-lying excited states of ozone are investigated using the recently developed general-model-space state-universal coupled-cluster methods and the results are compared with other multireference coupled-cluster and spin-adapted unitary-group coupled-cluster approaches. The role played by the choice of different molecular orbitals in coupled-cluster calculations is also explored. It is found that the low-lying 1,3B2 states are particularly sensitive to the choice of the molecular orbitals. This observation explains some significant differences between the results obtained with spin-adapted and spin-non-adapted multireference coupled-cluster approaches, as documented by earlier studies. The use of appropriate orbitals brings the effect of spin-adaptation to its normal range.
Representation Theory and Wigner-Racah Algebra of the SU(2) Group in a Noncanonical Basis
Authors: Kibler Maurice R.
Published: July 2005

The Lie algebra su(2) of the classical group SU(2) is built from two commuting quon algebras for which the deformation parameter is a common root of unity. This construction leads to (i) a not very well-known polar decomposition of the generators J- and J+ of the SU(2) group, with J+ = J-† = HUr where H is Hermitean and Ur unitary, and (ii) an alternative to the {J2,Jz} quantization scheme, viz., the {J2,Ur} quantization scheme. The representation theory of the SU(2) group can be developed in this nonstandard scheme. The key ideas for developing the Wigner-Racah algebra of the SU(2) group in the {J2,Ur} scheme are given. In particular, some properties of the coupling and recoupling coefficients as well as the Wigner-Eckart theorem in the {J2,Ur} scheme are examined in great detail.
Theoretical Study of H2...I- van der Waals Anion Complex
Authors: Ilčin Michal , Lukeš Vladimír , Laurinc Viliam , Biskupič Stanislav
Published: July 2005

The ab initio potential energy surface (PES) for the weak interaction of hydrogen molecule with iodine anion is presented. The surface was obtained by the supermolecular method at the MP4(SDTQ) level of theory. Our calculations indicate the van der Waals (vdW) system for the linear configuration at rH-H = 0.752 Å and R = 3.76 Å with a well depth of De = 2096 μEh. The presented PES reveals also a transition state for the perpendicular arrangement at rH-H = 0.7416 Å and R = 4.63 Å with an interaction energy of -113 μEh. The physical origin of stability of the vdW H2...I- structure with respect to the H2...X- (X = F, Cl, Br) one was analysed by the symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) based on the single determinant HF wave function. The separation of the interaction energy shows that the dispersion forces play a much more important role for the systems with Cl, Br and I than for H2...F- and their importance slightly increases in the order Cl < Br < I. The global importance of the electrostatic and the induction energies decreases in the order F > Cl > Br > I.
Radicals Derived from Guanine: Structures and Energetics
Authors: Luo Qiong , Li Qian Shu , Xie Yaoming , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: July 2005

The electron affinities (EA) of five radicals derived from guanine by removing a hydrogen atom are predicted by using four carefully calibrated (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 231) density functional methods. The most stable guanine radical arises from the removal of the H10b atom (Fig. 1) from the NH2 group. The theoretical adiabatic electron affinities (EAad) for the five possible guanine radicals are substantial, in the range of 2.18-2.99 eV, which is much higher than that for the closed-shell guanine molecule (-0.17 eV). The N9 dehydrogenated radical has the highest EAad (2.99 eV), and its related anion is the lowest energy species among those studied in the present research. The energy difference between the two N10-sited (amino group) radicals is 4.8 kcal/mol, indicating that these two structures are not conventional internal-rotation conformers.
Increased resting heart rate with pollutants in a population based study
Authors: Ruidavets Jean-Bernard , Cassadou Sylvie , Cournot Maxime , Bataille Vincent , Meybeck Mariam , Ferrières Jean
Published: July 2005

Background:Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Changes in the autonomic nervous system may contribute to cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality. This study investigated the relations between air pollutant concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), nitric dioxide (NO2), and resting heart rate (RHR) in a population based study.

Methods:A sample of 863 middle aged men and women, living in Toulouse (MONICA centre) area, was randomly recruited. A cross sectional survey on cardiovascular risk factors was carried. RHR was measured twice in a sitting position after a five minute rest. Multivariate analyses with quintiles of RHR were performed using polytomous logistic regression. Models were adjusted for temperature, season, relative humidity, sex, physical activity, blood pressure, C reactive protein, and cardiovascular drugs.

Results:For NO2, the OR (odds ratio) (95% CI) associated with an increase of 5 μg/m3in the current day of medical examination was 1.14 (1.03 to 1.25) in quintile Q5 of RHR compared with Q1, p for trend = 0.003. For SO2, OR was 1.16 (0.94 to 1.44) in Q5 compared with Q1, p for trend = 0.05, and for O3, OR was 0.96 (0.91 to 1.01) in Q5 compared with Q1, p for trend = 0.11. No significant association was seen when the daily mean concentration of NO2, SO2, and O3was considered during the previous day as well as when day lag 2 or 3 was considered. The cumulative concentration (three consecutive days) of O3is negatively associated with RHR (p for trend  =  0.02).

Conclusion:Changes in pulse rate could reflect cardiac rhythm changes and may be part of the pathophysiological link between pollution and cardiovascular mortality.
Hydromagnetic three-dimensional free convective heat transfer overa stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium inthe presence of heat generation or absorption
Authors: Abo-Eldahab Emad M , El Aziz Mohamed A
Published: July 2005

A general analysis is developed to study fluid-flow and heat-transfer characteristics for steady, three-dimensional flow over a linearly stretching porous vertical surface embedded in a non-Darcian medium. A generalized flow model is used in the present study to include the effects of the macroscopic viscous term and the microscopic inertial force. The flow is subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field normal to the plate. The effect of internal heat generation or absorption is also considered. The governing three-dimensional partial-differential equations for the present case are transformed into ordinary-differential equations using three-dimensional similarity variables. The resulting equations are solved numerically. Velocity distribution, temperature distribution, surface shear stresses, and wall-heat transfer rate are computed for various values of the Prandtl number, magnetic field parameter, inverse Darcy number, porous-medium inertia coefficient, heat generation/absorption coefficient, and mass-transfer coefficient.PACS No.: 44.30.+v
Une nouvelle méthode de mesure de la fonction d'aire du conduit vocal : cas des voyelles
Authors: Teffahi H , Guerin B , Djeradi A
Published: July 2005

Knowledge of vocal tract area functions is important for the understanding of phenomena occurring during speech production. We present here a new measurement method based on the external excitation of the vocal tract with a known pseudo-random sequence, where the area function is obtained by a linear prediction analysis applied to the cross-correlation between the sequence and the signal measured at the lips. The advantages of this method over methods based on sweep-tones or white noise excitation are (1) a much shorter measurement time (about 100 ms) and (2) the possibility of speech sound production during the measurement. This method has been checked against classical methods through systematic comparisons on a small corpus of vowels. Moreover, it has been verified that simultaneous speech sound production does not perturb significantly the measurements. This method should thus be a very helpful tool for the investigation of the acoustic properties of the vocal tract in various cases for vowels.
A time-dependent model for teleportation of a quantum state of position and momentum
Authors: Toyama F M , Saito K
Published: July 2005

We present a time-dependent model for teleportation of an unknown quantum state of position and momentum. With this model, we analyze a situation in which Bob (receiver) is ignorant of the Hamiltonian that describes the time-evolution of a post-measurement state generated at Bob's site. We illustrate that the time-evolution of the post-measurement state deteriorates the fidelity of the quantum teleportation. We also illustrate a special situation in which a two-mode input state is transformed into a one-mode state by the teleportation. In addition, we discuss an optimal situation in which a high teleportation probability and a high degree of teleportation fidelity can be achieved.PACS Nos.: 03.65.w, 03.67.Hk
The effects of bias polarity on diamond deposition by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chen W , Xiao C , Yang Q , Moewes A , Hirose A
Published: July 2005

Electric voltages with both polarities were applied to silicon substrates in a hot-filament chemical vapour deposition device to study the biasing effects on deposition of diamond and carbon nanocones. It has been found that positive biasing greatly enhanced diamond nucleation density and improved diamond film quality. On the other hand, negative biasing promotes deposition of dense, well-aligned carbon nanocones. The orientation of the carbon nanocones appears to align with the direction of the electric field lines near the substrate surface.PACS Nos.: 81.15.Gh, 81.05.Uw, 81.07.b
Photoresponsive character in double-doped La2/3(Ca2/3Sr1/3)1/3MnO3 thin film
Authors: Wang Y. , Ren R , Chen C , Ren D , Jin K , Yuan X , Zhao S , Song Z
Published: July 2005

A Ca, Sr double-doped La2/3(Ca2/3Sr1/3)1/3MnO3 thin film with a thickness of about 60~nm was deposited on (100) LaAlO3 substrates using the RF magnetron sputtering method from the bulk compound prepared using the solid-state reaction method. The experimental results show that a phase transition from the ferromagnetic metallic state to the paramagnetic insulating state occurs at 341 K (near to Tp, the highest peak temperature). The RT curve deviation of the thin film with the application of CW laser is dramatic in the low-temperature range and Δ R/R is positive. At 276 K, the Δ R/R reaches the maximum, about 41 %, and the temperature of the photo-induced resistance maximum of this double-doped thin film appears near to room temperature range, which offers a new method for the application of CMR photo-electric devices.PACS Nos.: 78.66.w, 81.07b
Optimal shape of slowly rising gas bubbles
Authors: Frolov Alexei M
Published: July 2005

The variational optimal shape of slowly rising gas bubbles in an ideal incompressible fluid is determined. It is shown that the original three-dimensional problem can be reduced to a relatively simple one-dimensional (i.e., ordinary) differential equation. The solution of this equation allows one to obtain the variational optimal form of slowly rising gas bubbles. PACS No.: 47.55.Dz
Growth versus metabolic tissue replacement in mouse tissues determined by stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis
Authors: MacAvoy Stephen E , Macko Stephen A , Arneson Lynne S
Published: July 2005

Stable-isotope signatures in animal tissues presumably reflect the local food web. However, that assumption may be complicated by differential nutrient routing, fractionation, and the possibility that large organisms are not in isotopic equilibrium with seasonally available food sources. Additionally, the rate at which organisms incorporate the isotopic signature of a food is largely unknown. In this study we assessed the rate of carbon- and nitrogen-isotope turnover in liver, muscle, and blood in mice (Mus musculus L., 1758) following a diet change. We report the proportion of tissue turnover caused by growth versus that caused by metabolic tissue replacement. Growth accounted for approximately 10% of observed tissue turnover in adult mice. Blood carbon had the shortest half-life (16.9 days), followed by muscle carbon (23.9 days). Liver carbon turnover, which was slower than blood and muscle carbon turnovers, was not as well described by the exponential decay equations. All tissues primarily reflect the protein carbon signature rather than the carbohydrate carbon signature. The nitrogen signature in all tissues was enriched by 3‰–5‰ over their diets' nitrogen signature, depending on tissue type, and the isotopic turnover rates of nitrogen in blood and muscle were comparable with those observed for carbon.
Nitrogen- and carbon-isotope fractionation between mothers and offspring in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi)
Authors: Sare David T.J , Millar John S , Longstaffe Frederick J
Published: July 2005

Small mammals are income breeders, but the degree to which females draw from maternal reserves and partition nutrients to the mammary glands in the wild is not known. This study examined stable-nitrogen and stable-carbon isotopes in red-backed vole, Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830), hair to determine mother–offspring trophic relationships and to consider the extent to which voles rely on maternal reserves during lactation. Both dependent and independent young showed isotopic enrichment in15N and depletion of13C in their hair relative to mothers. We suggest that growing offspring, both dependent and independent, may catabolize body reserves to support both growth and moult. We propose that the nitrogen- and carbon-isotope compositions of hair may be more useful indicators of metabolic rate than mother–offspring trophic relationships in small mammals.
Between-population differences in nestling size and hematocrit level in blue tits (Parus caeruleus): a cross-fostering test for genetic and environmental effects
Authors: Simon A , Thomas D W , Bourgault P , Blondel J , Perret P , Lambrechts M M
Published: July 2005

Geographically separated populations may diverge genetically in response to differing environmental conditions. Two populations of blue tits (Parus caeruleus L., 1758) that inhabit distinct valleys in northern Corsica are exposed to extreme differences in food abundance and parasite loads and show differences in nestling mass and hematocrit levels at fledging. We used partial cross-fostering coupled with experimental manipulation of parasite loads to test the hypothesis that between-population differences in nestling mass and hematocrit reflect adaptive genetic responses to differing parasite prevalence. Although asymptotic mass and hematocrit were strongly affected by variation in parasite loads and caterpillar abundance, we did not detect any significant genetic (population of origin) effect or genotype–environment interaction. We conclude that in these populations of blue tits, asymptotic mass and hematocrit are phenotypically plastic traits that are primarily set by environmental conditions during the sensitive growth phase.
A test of absolute photorefractoriness and photo-induced neural plasticity of song-control regions in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)
Authors: Phillmore Leslie S , Hoshooley Jennifer S , Hahn Thomas P , MacDougall-Shackleton Scott A
Published: July 2005

We tested whether male and female black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus (L., 1766), were absolutely photorefractory according to Hamner's (1968) criteria of (i) spontaneous regression of gonads during prolonged long-day exposure and (ii) no subsequent recrudescence of gonads in response to constant light. We initially exposed black-capped chickadees to constant long-day photoperiods. Gonads regressed spontaneously, demonstrating that the birds met Hamner's first criterion for absolute photorefractoriness. Once their gonads fully regressed and the birds were in advanced prebasic moult, we exposed them to one of three photoperiods for an additional 2 weeks: constant light (24 h L), short days (8 h L), and controls (15 h L). Constant light challenge had no effect on gonadal condition or rate of moult, confirming that the birds met Hamner's second criterion for absolute refractoriness. We also compared volumes of song-control nuclei in the three groups and found that males overall had larger HVC, robust nucleus of arcopallium, and area X than females, but that longer days (24 h L) did not increase volumes and that shorter days (8 h L) did not decrease volumes compared with controls (15 h L). These data support the inference that black-capped chickadees do indeed become absolutely photorefractory, and that photorefractoriness precludes photo-induced plasticity of the song-control system.
FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD OF ORDER SIX FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL STEADY AND UNSTEADY BOUNDARY-LAYER EQUATIONS
Authors: SALAMA A. A. , MANSOUR A. A.
Published: July 2005

In this article, we propose a high order method for solving steady and unsteady two-dimensional laminar boundary-layer equations. This method is convergent of sixth-order of accuracy. It is shown that this method is unconditionally stable. The unsteady separated stagnation point flow, the Falkner–Skan equation and Blasius equation are considered as special cases of these equations. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate our method and its convergence.
THE SEARCH FOR CRUCIAL EVENTS, VISIBLE OR INVISIBLE, AS A PHYSICAL ROAD TO SUBORDINATION
Authors: FAILLA R. , GRIGOLINI P.
Published: July 2005

We illustrate a technique of analysis of time series, aiming at revealing crucial events, as a theoretical tool for the physical foundation of the subordination approach.
GEOMETRICAL CONFIGURATION AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF C60 FULLERENE MOLECULE UNDER EXTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: SHEN HAIJUN
Published: July 2005

By the molecular dynamics/quantum mechanics method (MD/QM method), shape, volume, charge distribution, dipole moment, system energy and molecular orbital energy levels of C 60 fullerene molecule under applied electric field are calculated systematically. The geometrical configuration and electronic structure of the C 60 fullerene at different field intensity are analyzed as well. The results of this paper show that: (1) under applied electric field, C 60 fullerene is polarized, elongated in the direction of the electric field, shortened in the direction perpendicular to the electric field, and swollen in volume. When the field intensity is up to 0.102 a.u, the electric field-induced breaking in the C 60 molecule occurs; (2) with increasing electric field intensity, molecular dipole moment of the C 60 fullerene increases, and system energy, LUMO and HOMO energy levels of the C 60 decrease. However, the energy gap between LUMO and HOMO decreases firstly, and then increases.
ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS AND THE QUINTUPLE, HIRSCHHORN AND WINQUIST PRODUCT IDENTITIES
Authors: CHAN HENG HUAT , LIU ZHI-GUO , NG SAY TIONG
Published: July 2005

In this article, we derive the quintuple, Hirschhorn and Winquist product identities using the theory of elliptic functions. Our method can be used to establish generalizations of these identities due to the second author.
THE MELLIN TRANSFORM OF THE SQUARE OF RIEMANN'S ZETA-FUNCTION
Authors: IVIĆ ALEKSANDAR
Published: July 2005

Let [Formula: see text]. A result concerning analytic continuation of Z1(s) to ℂ is proved, and also a result relating the order of [Formula: see text] to the order of [Formula: see text].
MORE ON THE SUM-PRODUCT PHENOMENON IN PRIME FIELDS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: BOURGAIN J.
Published: July 2005

In this paper we establish new estimates on sum-product sets and certain exponential sums in finite fields of prime order. Our first result is an extension of the sum-product theorem from [8] when sets of different sizes are involed. It is shown that if [Formula: see text] and pε < |B|, |C| < |A| < p1-ε, then |A + B| + |A · C| > pδ (ε)|A|. Next we exploit the Szemerédi–Trotter theorem in finite fields (also obtained in [8]) to derive several new facts on expanders and extractors. It is shown for instance that the function f(x,y) = x(x+y) from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] satisfies |F(A,B)| > pβ for some β = β (α) > α whenever [Formula: see text] and |A| ~ |B|~ pα, 0 < α < 1. The exponential sum ∑x∈ A,y∈Bεp(axy+bx2y2), ab ≠ 0 ( mod p), may be estimated nontrivially for arbitrary sets [Formula: see text] satisfying |A|, |B| > pρ where ρ < 1/2 is some constant. From this, one obtains an explicit 2-source extractor (with exponential uniform distribution) if both sources have entropy ratio at last ρ. No such examples when ρ < 1/2 seemed known. These questions were largely motivated by recent works on pseudo-randomness such as [2] and [3].

Finally it is shown that if pε < |A| < p1-ε, then always |A + A|+|A-1 + A-1| > pδ(ε)|A|. This is the finite fields version of a problem considered in [11]. If A is an interval, there is a relation to estimates on incomplete Kloosterman sums. In the Appendix, we obtain an apparently new bound on bilinear Kloosterman sums over relatively short intervals (without the restrictions of Karatsuba's result [14]) which is of relevance to problems involving the divisor function (see [1]) and the distribution ( mod p) of certain rational functions on the primes (cf. [12]).
p-ADIC PROPERTIES FOR TRACES OF SINGULAR MODULI
Authors: JENKINS PAUL
Published: July 2005

We examine the p-adic properties of Zagier's traces Tr (d) of the singular moduli of discriminant -d. In a recent preprint, Edixhoven proved that if p is prime and [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] We compute an exact formula for Tr (p2nd) which immediately gives Edixhoven's result as a corollary.
THE NONEXISTENCE OF CERTAIN NONSOLVABLE GALOIS EXTENSIONS OF NUMBER FIELDS OF SMALL DEGREE
Authors: BRUEGGEMAN SHARON
Published: July 2005

Serre's conjecture predicts the nonexistence of certain nonsolvable Galois extensions of ℚ which are unramified outside one small prime. These nonexistence theorems have been proven by the techniques of discriminant bounding. In this paper, we will apply these techniques to nonsolvable extensions of small degree number fields.
ATP stimulates Na+-glucose cotransporter activity via cAMP and p38 MAPK in renal proximal tubule cells
Authors: Lee Yun Jung , Park Soo Hyun , Han Ho Jae
Published: July 2005

Extracellular ATP plays an important role in the regulation of renal function. However, the effect of ATP on the Na+-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) has not been elucidated in proximal tubule cells (PTCs). Therefore, this study was performed to examine the action of ATP on SGLTs and their related signal pathways in primary cultured rabbit renal PTCs. ATP increased [14C]-α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside (α-MG) uptake in a time-dependent (>1 h) and dose-dependent (>10−6 M) manner. ATP stimulated α-MG uptake by increasing in Vmax without affecting Km. ATP-induced increase of α-MG uptake was correlated with the increase in both SGLT1 and SGLT2 protein expression levels. ATP-induced stimulation of α-MG uptake was blocked by suramin (nonspecific P2 receptor antagonist), RB-2 (P2Y receptor antagonist), and MRS-2179 (P2Y1 receptor antagonist), suggesting a role for the P2Y receptor. ATP-induced stimulation of α-MG uptake was blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX, a Gi protein inhibitor), SQ-22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), and PKA inhibitor amide 14-22 (PKI). ATP also increased cAMP formation, which was blocked by PTX and RB-2. However, pretreatment of adenosine deaminase did not block ATP-induced cAMP formation. In addition, ATP-induced stimulation of α-MG uptake was blocked by SB-203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), but not by PD-98059 (p44/42 MAPK inhibitor) or SP-600125 (JNK inhibitor). Indeed, ATP induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In conclusion, ATP increases α-MG uptake via cAMP and p38 MAPK in renal PTCs.
TFF3 modulates NF-κB and a novel negative regulatory molecule of NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells via a mechanism distinct from TNF-α
Authors: Zhu Ya-Qin , Tan Xiao-Di
Published: July 2005

Trefoil factor 3 (intestinal trefoil factor) is a cytoprotective factor in the gut. Herein we compared the effect of trefoil factor 3 with tumor necrosis factor-α on 1) activation of NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells; 2) expression of Twist protein (a molecule essential for downregulation of nuclear factor-κB activity in vivo); and 3) production of interleukin-8. We showed that Twist protein is constitutively expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α induced persistent degradation of Twist protein in intestinal epithelial cells via a signaling pathway linked to proteasome, which was associated with prolonged activation of NF-κB. In contrast to tumor necrosis factor, trefoil factor 3 triggered transient activation of NF-κB and prolonged upregulation of Twist protein in intestinal epithelial cells via an ERK kinase-mediated pathway. Unlike tumor necrosis factor-α, transient activation of NF-κB by trefoil factor 3 is not associated with induction of IL-8 in cells. To examine the role of Twist protein in intestinal epithelial cells, we silenced the Twist expression by siRNA. Our data showed that trefoil factor 3 induced interleukin-8 production after silencing Twist in intestinal epithelial cells. Together, these observations indicated that 1) trefoil factor 3 triggers a diverse signal from tumor necrosis factor-α on the activation of NF-κB and its associated molecules in intestinal epithelial cells; and 2) trefoil factor 3-induced Twist protein plays an important role in the modulation of inflammatory cytokine production in intestinal epithelial cells.