bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Chinese Financial Market Investors Do Not Care about Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Li Minghui , Lan Faqin , Zhang Fang
Published: June 2019

We used the corporate social responsibility (CSR) data from Hexun Finance to analyze the three channels of market investor evaluation in the process of Chinese listed companies’ mergers and acquisitions (M&A). We found that: (1) because many CSR behaviors of Chinese listed companies are passive, driven by the environment, government, and regulatory authority, rather than proactive CSR for the long-term interests of the company, Chinese market investors are not concerned with the CSR performance of acquirers before the merger; (2) because passive CSR behavior cannot change the system risk and heterogeneity risk of the acquirers, CSR has no effect on the investor evaluation at the acquirer merger; (3) passive CSR can be used to evaluate public opinion, but CSR cannot change the market concerns of investors because investors only consider the systemic risks and heterogeneity rather than the social media evaluation of the company when pricing; and (4) with further study of the integration effect of CSR after M&A, we found that CSR does not reduce the M&A premium, only increases the return on asset (ROA) of the company within one year after M&A, and does not improve the company’s ROA for a long time. Our conclusions help explain why Chinese financial market investors are not concerned with the CSR performance of the M&A party prior to M&A.
Solving the Difficulties and Challenges Facing Construction Based on Concurrent Engineering in Yemen
Authors: Dahmas Sabrinaji , Li Zhongfu , Liu Sha
Published: June 2019

Due to the highly competitive commercial environment in the market in Yemen at present, the construction industry in Yemen, like other industries, is under pressure to reduce product development time and overall project costs, improve product quality, and satisfy customers. To keep pace with the competitive environment of the market in Yemen, most enterprises tend to adopt the best and new technologies, new management concepts and philosophies such as Total Quality Management (TQM) and concurrent engineering (CE) to achieve improvements in the process of product development. In this paper, the problem of fragmentation brought by the serial engineering in construction in Yemen is discussed firstly. Then, the integration process and CE adoption by the construction industry in Yemen are explained for enabling construction agencies in Yemen to improve the development process of their projects and to solve the current fragmentation problems such as the lack of communication, adversarial culture and the lack of customer focus, which allows the construction process to improve and become more effective and efficient.
Selective Elimination of Parental Chromatin from Introgression Cultivars of xFestulolium (Festuca × Lolium)
Authors: Kopecký David , Horáková Lucie , Duchoslav Martin , Doležel Jaroslav
Published: June 2019

Alien chromosome introgressions can be used to introduce beneficial traits from one species into another. However, exploitation of the introgressions in breeding requires proper transmission of introgressed segments to consecutive generations. In xFestulolium hybrids chromosomes of Festuca and Lolium readily pair and recombine. This opens a way for introgression of traits (e.g., abiotic and biotic stress resistance) from Festuca into elite Lolium cultivars. However, retention of Festuca chromatin in xFestulolium is uncertain as several studies indicated its gradual elimination over generations of sexual reproduction. Here we investigated genome composition in two subsequent generations of four introgression xFestulolium (F. pratensis × L. multiflorum) cultivars using genomic in situ hybridization. We observed about 27–32% elimination of Festuca chromatin in a single round of multiplication. At this pace, Festuca chromatin would be completely eliminated in about four generations of seed multiplication. On the other hand, we observed that it is possible to increase the proportion of Festuca chromatin in the cultivars by proper selection of mating plants. Nevertheless, once selection is relaxed, the first round of the seed multiplication reverts the genome composition back to the Lolium type. Thus, it seems that amphiploid forms of xFestulolium with relatively stable hybrid genomes may be more promising material for future breeding than introgression lines.
Generalized Scheme Based on Octagon-Shaped Shell for Data Hiding in Steganographic Applications
Authors: Leng Hui-Shih
Published: June 2019

The exploiting modification direction scheme is a well-known data hiding method because of its high payload and low distortion. Its most criticized drawback is that the secret data must be converted to a non-binary numeral system before the embedding procedure. To overcome this drawback, one study proposed a turtle shell-based scheme for data hiding, in which a reference matrix was constructed based on a hexagon-shaped shell to embed three secret bits into each pixel group of a pair of pixels of the cover image. In a subsequent work, the embedding capacity was increased by using an octagon-shaped shell instead of a hexagon-shaped shell in the reference matrix. The above scheme was extended by utilizing a regular octagon-shaped shell in the reference matrix to reduce the distortion of the worst case. In another approach, the payload of the octagon-shaped-shell-based data hiding scheme was maximized by searching for the appropriate width and height of the octagon. In this study, we generalize the data hiding scheme based on an octagon-shaped shell so that the above-mentioned four schemes can be regarded as specific cases of the proposed method.
The Structure of the Hadron-Quark Combustion Zone
Authors: Ouyed Amir , Ouyed Rachid , Jaikumar Prashanth
Published: June 2019

Hadron-quark combustion in dense matter is a central topic in the study of phases in compact stars and their high-energy astrophysics. We critically reviewed the literature on hadron-quark combustion, dividing them into a “first wave” that treats the problem as a steady-state burning with or without constraints of mechanical equilibrium, and a “second wave” which uses numerical techniques to resolve the burning front and solves the underlying partial differential equations for the chemistry of the burning front under less restrictive conditions. We detailed the inaccuracies that the second wave amends over the first wave and highlight crucial differences between various approaches in the second wave. We also include results from time-dependent simulations of the reaction zone that include a hadronic EOS, neutrinos, and self-consistent thermodynamics without using parameterized shortcuts.
The Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy Diagnostic of Linear Horndeski Theories After GW170817 and GRB170817A
Authors: Perenon Louis , Velten Hermano
Published: June 2019

We summarize the effective field theory of dark energy construction to explore observable predictions of linear Horndeski theories. We review the diagnostic of these theories on the correlation of the large-scale structure phenomenological functions: the effective Newton constant, the light deflection parameter, and the growth function of matter perturbations. We take this opportunity to discuss the evolution of the bounds the propagation speed of gravitational waves has undergone and use the most restrictive one to update the diagnostic.
Genomic, Morphological and Biological Traits of the Viruses Infecting Major Fruit Trees
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Liu Jiwen , You Huafeng , Xu Chuan , Dong Kaili , Luo Ni , Kong Linghong , Li Xuepei , Hong Ni , Wang Guoping , Fan Xudong , Kotta-Loizou Ioly , Xu Wenxing
Published: June 2019

Banana trees, citrus fruit trees, pome fruit trees, grapevines, mango trees, and stone fruit trees are major fruit trees cultured worldwide and correspond to nearly 90% of the global production of woody fruit trees. In light of the above, the present manuscript summarizes the viruses that infect the major fruit trees, including their taxonomy and morphology, and highlights selected viruses that significantly affect fruit production, including their genomic and biological features. The results showed that a total of 163 viruses, belonging to 45 genera classified into 23 families have been reported to infect the major woody fruit trees. It is clear that there is higher accumulation of viruses in grapevine (80/163) compared to the other fruit trees (each corresponding to less than 35/163), while only one virus species has been reported infecting mango. Most of the viruses (over 70%) infecting woody fruit trees are positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), and the remainder belong to the -ssRNA, ssRNA-RT, dsRNA, ssDNA and dsDNA-RT groups (each corresponding to less than 8%). Most of the viruses are icosahedral or isometric (79/163), and their diameter ranges from 16 to 80 nm with the majority being 25–30 nm. Cross-infection has occurred in a high frequency among pome and stone fruit trees, whereas no or little cross-infection has occurred among banana, citrus and grapevine. The viruses infecting woody fruit trees are mostly transmitted by vegetative propagation, grafting, and root grafting in orchards and are usually vectored by mealybug, soft scale, aphids, mites or thrips. These viruses cause adverse effects in their fruit tree hosts, inducing a wide range of symptoms and significant damage, such as reduced yield, quality, vigor and longevity.
Serological Evidence of Influenza D Virus Circulation Among Cattle and Small Ruminants in France
Authors: Oliva Justine , Eichenbaum Amit , Belin Jade , Gaudino Maria , Guillotin Jean , Alzieu Jean-Pierre , Nicollet Philippe , Brugidou Roland , Gueneau Eric , Michel Evelyne , Meyer Gilles , Ducatez Mariette F.
Published: June 2019

Influenza D virus (IDV) has first been identified in 2011 in the USA and was shown to mainly circulate in cattle. While IDV is associated with mild respiratory signs, its prevalence is still unknown. In the present study we show that IDV has been circulating throughout France in cattle and small ruminants, with 47.2% and 1.5% seropositivity, respectively. The high prevalence and moderate pathogenicity of IDV in cattle suggest that it may play an initiating role in the bovine respiratory disease complex.
Additionality Effects of Rebate Programs in the Residential Water Sector: Indoor vs. Outdoor
Authors: Pérez-Urdiales María , Baerenklau Kenneth A.
Published: June 2019

Rebate programs are often used in the residential water sector to alleviate market failures that may hamper the adoption of water-efficient technologies. In this paper, we examine whether several rebate programs stimulate or crowd out private investment in indoor and outdoor technologies. To do so, we use a panel of household-level data from a water district in Southern California for the period 2014–2015. Our results indicate that, while all the rebate programs considered in the analysis increase private investment in water-efficient technologies, only outdoor rebate programs generate further private investment in other outdoor technologies.
Newly Developed Motor Cooling Method Using Refrigerant
Authors: Fujita Hidemasa , Itoh Atsushi , Urano Tohru
Published: June 2019

One of the greatest issues for electric vehicles such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) is further improvement of effective motor cooling, since higher rated torque is achieved with higher cooling performance. In this paper, we introduce and propose a newly developed motor cooling method we tested using refrigerant, comparing with conventional water cooling. Test results show higher cooling performance of refrigerant cooling, which achieved the rated torque 60% higher than that of water cooling.
La Unión Europea y la Agenda 2030 en América Latina: políticas de cooperación en una región de “desarrollo en transición”
Authors: Sanahuja José Antonio , Ruiz Sandoval Érika
Published: June 2019

La cooperación al desarrollo de la Unión Europea (UE) atraviesa por un importante proceso de reforma ante el ciclo presupuestario y de programación 2021-2027. Esa reforma pretende dotar a la UE de los recursos y herramientas necesarios para conciliar sus valores e intereses ante un escenario más complejo, disputado e interconectado y, al tiempo, contribuir a una cooperación eficaz para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030. Este documento de trabajo examina ese proceso de reforma a partir de las características diferenciadas de los países relativamente más avanzados de América Latina, más allá de clasificaciones de renta, y, en particular, su situación de “desarrollo en transición”. Se parte de una revisión crítica del enfoque y marco de actuación vigentes en el período 2014-2020, y se examinan otros hitos como la adopción del nuevo Consenso Europeo de Desarrollo (CED) en 2017 y la propuesta de Marco Financiero Plurianual 2021-2027, que incluye un nuevo instrumento financiero único de la UE para la vecindad, el desarrollo y la cooperación internacional (IVDCI).
Occurrence of the tulip tree aphid (Illinoia liriodendri Monell, 1879 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Hungary
Authors: András Bozsik
Published: June 2019

The genus Illinoia is found primarily in North America. Illinoia liriodendri (Monell, 1879), the tulip tree aphid, has been observed and caught for the first time in Hungary. Nymphs, apterous and alate viviparous females in colonies of I. liriodendri were found on a tulip tree, Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae), in Debrecen, Hungary. Tulip tree aphid feeds on the underside of tulip tree leaves. The consequences of this are honeydew and associated black sooty mould causing a mess – in countries where the tulip tree is native or abundant - for walking people and parked cars. A short report is presented here on the discovery in Hungary and characteristics of this aphid.
Nest-site preference of Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix L.) in Debrecen, Hungary
Authors: László Kövér  , Lajos Juhász  , Péter Gyüre
Published: June 2019

In the past decade, the population of the Hooded Crow has shown significant growth in Debrecen, Hungary. The aim of this study was to become acquainted with the nest-site selection behavior of Hooded Crows in urban spaces. While our research revealed that the Hooded Crow is not particular when it comes to selecting among tree species for nesting, we did notice differences regarding nesting height. Hooded Crows living in the city build their nests higher up than those living outside Debrecen’s city limits. We also discovered a slight, insignificant difference between nesting heights and tree species, which is probably due to the different characteristics of the given tree species. As for nesting heights, we found that in typical urban habitats there were no relevant differences. However, when we compared these habitats in pairs, it came to light that nesting heights -when comparing solitary trees - wood segments and tree rows - wooded segments- did show significant differences, which can be explained by the various conditions provided by the habitats mentioned.In summary, the following results emerged from our research:1. The Hooded Crow prefers approximately the same nesting heights in all kinds of habitats, urban environment and tree species.2. The nesting height does not significantly depend on the habitat itself or on the tree species.
Complex problem analysis of the Hungarian milk product chain
Authors: Beáta Blaskó
Published: June 2019

Hungarian dairy sector went through significant changes in past two decades. The most significant changes were caused by our accession to the European Union. In Hungary milk production remarkably declined after EU accession. The size of our dairy herd has been practically reducing since the political transformation, but increasing yields per cow could compensate it in some way and for some time. However, in recent years, increasing yield per cow came to a stop and in parallel, the number of cows declined further and faster. Low prices, high production costs and tightening quality requirements ousted several producers from the market in past years. Feeding cost represents the highest rate in cost structure of production, but animal health expenditures and various losses are also significant. There are undeniably competitive disadvantages in the level of organisation and labour productivity; however competitiveness already depends on cost effectiveness in the medium run. In Hungary concentration of the dairies is relatively strong in spite of the relative high number of corporations. The dairies compete with each other and with the export market for the raw material and the better exploitation of their capacities. Applied technology of the Hungarian dairies lags behind the Western-European competitors’; in addition they have handicaps in efficiency and product innovation. Presence of chain of stores being dominant in sale of milk products does also not favour in all respects to the position of the dairies. The aforementioned retail chains are namely consumer-centric, engage in price follower conduct and weaken the position of the dairies with their private label products. As a result of increasing import of milk and milk products Hungary became a net importer in recent years. Today, disposable income still essentially determines the consumption habits of price-sensitive consumers. Loyalty for Hungarian products is not typical, consumers are open for import products being preferred by retail chains. In addition Hungarian milk and milk product consumption is about half of the Union average and it is far behind the level being necessary for healthy eating. In Hungary lack of competitiveness and vertical integration relationships and backwardness are revealing among the dairy farmers and the dairies, while chain of stores are in unprecedented “monopolistic situation”; the whole sector can be characterised by defencelessness.
Effect of molybdenum treatment on the element uptake of food crops in a long-term field experiment
Authors: Anita Puskás-Preszner  , Béla Kovács  , Dávid Andrási  , Zita Kata Burján
Published: June 2019

Molybdenum, as a constituent of several important enzymes, is an essential microelement. It can be found in all kind of food naturally at lowlevels. However, environmental pollution, from natural or anthropogenic sources, can lead to high levels of the metal in plants. Our study is based on long-term field experiments at Nagyhörcsök, where different levels of soil contamination conditions are simulated. Plant samples were collected from the experiment station to study the behavior of elements: uptake by and transport within the plants, accumulation in different organs, phytotoxicity and effects on the quantity and quality of the crop. In this study, we present the effect of molybdenum treatment on the uptake of other elements. Molybdenum is proved to be in an antagonist relationship with copper and sulphur, while molybdenum-phosphorus is a synergist interaction. However, in most of the plants we studied, increasing molybdenum-treatment enhanced cadmium uptake. We found the most significant cadmium accumulation in the case of pea, spinach and red beet.
Possible alternatives in crop nutrition
Authors: Brigitta Tóth
Published: June 2019

The protection of the environment is our common task. All pollution that exposes our soils, plants or the environment – as taken in any proper or extended sense – will appear sooner or later in the food chain and in human beings who are on the top of the food-chain pyramid. The aim of our work is to give a brief overview of the effects of selected industrial wastes on the physiological parameters of corn plants. Sewage sludge and lime sludge were examined. These materials contain lots of useful element for plants (e.g. iron, phosphorus, potassium, zinc). However, their aluminum, chrome and lithium contents are also considerable. The element contents in sewage sludge and the filtrates of lime sludge, as well as the dry matter accumulation and relative chlorophyll contents, were measured. The disadvantageous and advantageous physiological effects of the examined materials were confirmed. The compensation effect of the environment is excluded; however, the neutralization of environmental impacts is not infinite under natural circumstances.
Response of maize seedlings to the latent zinc deficiency under different Fe/Zn rati
Authors: Nóra Bákonyi
Published: June 2019

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a critical nutritional problem for plants and peoples all over the world. Almost half of the world’s cereal crops are deficient in Zn, leading to poor crop yield. In this study, the effect of different Fe/Zn ratio on some physiological parameters of maize seedlings were investigated on the dry matter of shoots and roots and their ratio, SPAD index and the total length of shoots. The relative chlorophyll contents significantly decreased under increasing Fe given to the Zn deficient. The results showed that the different Fe/Zn supplies decreased the total length of shoots - ranging from 9% to 65% - by latent Zn deficiency. Corresponding to several scientific findings, it was observed that the non-optimal Fe/Zn ratio of tissues take part in the evolution of latent Zn deficiency in the case of high Fe concentration.
On the connection between spatial development and sustainable landscape in the Northern Great Plain region
Authors: Gábor Kerékgyártó
Published: June 2019

This paper tries to find connection between sustainable landscape and spatial development policy of the Northern Great Plain region on the basis of specific examples explained in scientific literature. Searching for the common roots of spatial development and sustainability the paper explains two interpretations of sustainability from the view point of landscape, than the most significant element of current landscape change – the polarization of landscapes – will be introduced. This trend in landscape change basically determines the direction of spatial development. This paper analyses the Northern Great Plain region from two different approaches. In the first grouping the region is exposed from the view point of spatial development. In the second partitioning the area is divided into subject matters based on the principles of sustainability and polarization of landscape. This research – analyzing development plans and strategies – considers the current situation within the subject matters.
The Role of Schengen in the Development of Peripheral Borderland Regions
Authors: Szabolcs Pásztor
Published: June 2019

This study aims to uncover the role of the Schengen borders of the European Union in rural and settlement development. Schengen integration applies certain restrictions at the external border-crossings, so the filtering role is to be taken into consideration. In addition to the disappearance of borders in the globalising economic area, the strict Schengen rules further burden the development of cross-border interactions, bringing about less frequent border crossings. Moreover, the economic integration of the affected borderlands would remain sluggish. The author points to the fact that the dynamics of a border interaction system should include a Schengen border degree between the interdependent and integrated borderland levels. Consequently, the Schengen borderlands should be in the focus of further border studies.
The effect of increasing compost rates on the yield and nutrient content of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Anita Szabó
Published: June 2019

Satisfaction of the increasing needs of humanity causes large environmental load. To provide a livable environment for future generations we have to satisfy our needs with the use of sustainable management. This is one of the biggest challenges of nowadays.The amount of wastes emitted in increasing volume can be decreased by the recycling of them. The disposal of waste materials formed in the public spaces of cities and during the processing of agricultural row materials and by-products in landfills is inconceivable, so they must be recycled.These materials mostly with organic compounds could be the primary substrates of composts. Completed with suitable additives, and applied appropriate treating technology, composts are capable to supply horticultural plants with nutrients. Composting wastes and byproducts not just decreases the amounts of deposited waste materials, but increases the nutrient (macro- and micronutrients) content of soils, so this is an  environmentally friendly and alternative way of nutrient management of plants.
El Aprendizaje-Servicio como práctica pedagógica para el desarrollo de competencias digitales y sociales del estudiantado universitario
Authors: Mayor Paredes Domingo
Published: June 2019

Introducción: este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación centrada en el análisis de la percepción del estudiantado y el profesor de la asignatura de Recursos Tecnológicos Didácticos y de Investigación, implicados en el diseño proyectos de Aprendizaje-Servicio. Método: el estudio tomó como eje de indagación un grupo-aula donde participaron 61 alumnos de primero del grado de Educación Primaria y un profesor. Para ello se utilizó el estudio de caso como metodología de la investigación y el análisis de documentos, observación, cuestionario ad hoc y entrevistas como instrumentos de recogida de información. Resultados: los datos alcanzados permiten constatar los efectos producidos en la organización del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y en la adquisición de aprendizajes funcionales. Conclusiones: los hallazgos obtenidos evidencian que el Aprendizaje-Servicio se configura como una metodología pedagógica pertinente para favorecer la transferencia de conocimientos a situaciones de la vida real, el enganche del estudiantado en su proceso de aprendizaje y el desarrollo de la competencia digital y la social y cívica.
INFECCIONES DE PRÓTESIS TOTAL DE RODILLA
Authors: Girón-Cornelio Melvin Frank
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica y actualización sobre infección de prótesis total de rodilla. Materiales y métodos: : Es un Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo transversal realizado mediante búsquedas bibliográficas en pubmed, NCBI, UP TO DATE, y revistas virtuales de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Perú e internacionales. Se seleccionó y consultó el material bibliográfico que tuviera información sobre infección de prótesis total de rodilla. Se excluyó la bibliografía sin relación con el tema y muy antigua. No hubo límites en el idioma. Los artículos seleccionados se clasificaron por relevancia, actualidad y localización. Desarrollo y discusión: La infección de prótesis de rodilla tiene una incidencia entre el 1 a 3% en prótesis primaria y 3.5 a 5% en prótesis de revisión, siendo los principales factores de riesgo principales, artritis reumatoide, cirugía previa, edad avanzada, sexo femenino, obesidad, desnutrición, diabetes e inmunodeficiencias, el diagnóstico es un reto para el médico, los cocos Gram positivos son los gérmenes más frecuentes, llegando a ser el 75% del total, el objetivo principal del tratamiento es erradicar la infección, el tratamiento quirúrgico debe ser agresivo y oportuno, es necesario recibir largos periodos de antibióticos sistémicos a fin de evitar cirugías radicales como la artrodesis y amputación. Conclusiones: la infección de prótesis de rodilla es la complicación más temida, tiene un diagnostico difícil y cuyo manejo demanda largos periodos de incapacidad, estancia hospitalaria, antibióticos de amplio espectro y cuantiosas perdida económicas la entidad prestadora de servicios de salud.
Canciones del reggaetón y habilidades sociales en la perspectiva de adolescentes de Instituciones Educativas de la ciudad de Puno
Authors: Chambi Edwin , Alanoca Rebeca , Avilés Basílide , Cueva Mariela
Published: June 2019

This research aims to analyze the relationship of similarities and differences on the opinion of reggaetón songs and social skills expressed in the perspective of adolescents of both genders of the city of Puno - 2017. The research is comparative correlation, the technique that was applied was the survey, the sample was constituted by 201 students of the fifth grade of secondary of the Institutions Glorioso San Carlos and Santa Rosa de Puno. Considering that today adolescents are influenced by new musical trends such as reggaeton, which in their lyrics have messages of double meaning, which contributes to the loss of values ​​that is being presented today, where the adolescent interprets and takes as a life form. Throughout this research work has come to the relationship of similarities and differences on the opinion of reggaetón songs and social skills expressed in the perspective of adolescents of both genders of the city of Puno - 2017 is significant, in this way the hypothesis proposed in the research work is accepted.
Bringing action into the picture. How action influences visual awareness
Authors: Anzulewicz Anna , Hobot Justyna , Siedlecka Marta , Wierzchoń Michał
Published: June 2019

This article discusses how the analysis of interactions between action and awareness allows us to better understand the mechanisms of visual awareness. We argue that action is one of several factors that influence visual awareness and we provide a number of examples. We also discuss the possible mechanisms that underlie these influences on both the cognitive and the neural levels. We propose that action affects visual awareness for the following reasons: (1) it serves as additional information in the process of evidence accumulation; (2) it restricts the number of alternatives in the decisional process; (3) it enables error detection and performance monitoring; and (4) it triggers attentional mechanisms that modify stimulus perception. We also discuss the possible neuronal mechanisms of the aforementioned effects, including feedback-dependent prefrontal cortex modulation of the activity of visual areas, error-based modulation, interhemispheric inhibition of motor cortices, and attentional modulation of visual cortex activity triggered by motor processing.
Iambic and Trochaic Rhythm in Jieyang (Southern Min)
Authors: Yiu Suki
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the application of the Iambic/Trochaic Law to complex tone languages like Jieyang (Teochew, Southern Min). With bidirectional tone sandhi on top of its six-tone inventory, duration and intensity measurements were obtained and fitted into Linear Mixed Effects Regression models to inspect whether duration and intensity contrasts of the two sandhi types match the predictions based on the Law. Results confirmed an interaction between rhythmic type and sandhi type, and that prominence indicated by duration and intensity contrasts largely behaves the way as predicted by the Law. This suggests that tone sandhi can be metrically-motivated via duration and intensity, contributing to the rhythmic organization of tone languages altogether.This paper has provided novel support for metrical prominence of tone languages based on the Iambic/Trochaic Law, adding complex tone languages and production results to the recent literature on rhythmic groupings.
Posterior Affricate in Mee and Consonant-Vowel Place Interactions
Authors: Staroverov Peter , Tebay Sören E.
Published: June 2019

In this paper we document a previously unknown allophony pattern of the posterior affricate in Mee (Trans New Guinea; Indonesia). The affricate is realized as a laterally released velar stop [gʟ] before front vowels and with uvular closure followed by a fricative release [ɢʁ] before back vowels. Our description is confirmed in an acoustic study that shows differences in the second formant of the preceding vowel and the periodicity of the release for the two allophones. The interaction between the consonant's place and the following vowel challenges previous claims about the absence of major place (or C-Place) assimilation between vowels and consonants. Our OT-Analysis captures this process by postulating two agreement constraints: one requiring agreement between the release and the vowel and another -- between the closure and the release. Although there is no constraint promoting agreement between C closure place and V quality, we show that this effect can be derived from two local constraints.
Majority Rule in Harmonic Serialism
Authors: Lamont Andrew
Published: June 2019

Majority Rule is an unattested process where agreement is controlled by the largest class in the input. As a function from inputs to outputs, Majority Rule requires more computational expressivity than do attested phonological transformations. This paper examines how Majority Rule arises in parallel Optimality Theory and Harmonic Serialism. It is shown that in HS, Majority Rule relies on globally evaluated output constraints, which are known to produce computationally complex pathologies. However, without them, HS is unable to produce iterative harmony at all. We propose adopting directional constraint evaluation in HS as a way of modeling harmony while maintaining local representations.
Gradient morphophonology: Evidence from Uyghur vowel harmony
Authors: McCollum Adam
Published: June 2019

For the Structuralists and early Generativists (e.g. Bloomfield 1933; Chomsky & Halle 1968), all grammatical knowledge was by definition discrete and categorical.  Since phonetic patterns are gradient, early work argued that phonetics was extra-grammatical.  However, a significant body of work has since shown that phonetic patterns are language-specific and must constitute part of a speaker’s knowledge about their language (e.g. Keating 1985).  As a result, linguistic knowledge is not ontologically categorical. For other areas of the grammar, though, much work continues to assume that linguistic knowledge is categorical. In this paper, I investigate the categoricality of phonological patterns using acoustic vowel harmony data from Uyghur.  By comparing subphonemic variation in Uyghur with attested patterns of phonetic reduction and interpolation, I demonstrate that gradience is not always derivable from phonetic forces.  On these grounds I  argue that vowel harmony, and by extension phonology, may be gradient.  Furthermore, the claim that gradience plays a larger role in linguistic representations is also supported by a number of descriptive works, which suggest that gradient harmony may occur in a wide range of languages.  Building on experimental, and typological evidence, I thus contend that gradience isn’t restricted to phonetics, but pervades both the phonological and phonetic modules of the grammar.
A Computational Account of Tone Sandhi Interaction
Authors: Chandlee Jane
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a computational account of three tone sandhi rules in Tianjin Chinese that have received a lot of attention in the literature due to the seemingly complex way in which they interact. Two of the rules apply right-to-left while the third applies left-to-right, making it difficult for both rule- and constraint-based formalisms to account for the interaction in a unified way. In the computational framework advocated for in this paper, the apparent difference in directionality of the three rules amounts to a subtle difference in computational classification: the left-to-right rule has the property of input strict locality (ISL) while the right-to-left rules share the property of output strict locality (OSL). However, the fact that the direction of rules with the ISL property doesn’t actually matter, a unified account becomes possible in that all three rules can be modeled as a single input-output strictly local function.
Gradient Symbolic Representations and the Typology of Ghost Segments
Authors: Zimmermann Eva
Published: June 2019

Ghost segments are best analysed as weakly active elements under the assumption of Gradient Symbolic Representations (Smolensky & Goldrick, 2016; Rosen, 2016). This assumption allows to predict the attested interactions between phonological markedness constraints and the (non)appearance of ghost segments we find in the languages of the world: first, the co-existence of different types of ghost segments that differ in whether they appear to resolve a markedness problem or whether they disappear to avoid a markedness problem, and, second, the weak contribution to markedness of ghosts. The assumption that all underlying phonological elements have a certain activation that can gradiently differ and might persist into the output structure predicts these two phenomena straightforwardly that are challenging under alternative accounts to ghost segments
Large-scale Structure in CHILES Using DisPerSE
Authors: Luber Nicholas , van Gorkom J. H. , Hess Kelley M. , Pisano D. J. , Fernández Ximena , Momjian Emmanuel
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate that the Discrete Persistent Source Extractor (DisPerSE) can be used with spectroscopic redshifts to define the cosmic web and its distance to galaxies in small-area deep fields. Here we analyze the use of DisPerSE to identify structure in observational data. We apply DisPerSE to the distribution of galaxies in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field and find the best parameters to identify filaments. We compile a catalog of 11,500 spectroscopic redshifts from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) G10 data release. We analyze two-dimensional slices, extract filaments, and calculate the distance for each galaxy to its nearest filament. We find that redder and more massive galaxies are closer to filaments. To study the growth of galaxies across cosmic time, and environment, we are carrying out an H i survey covering redshifts of z = 0–0.45, the COSMOS H i Large Extragalactic Survey (CHILES). In addition we present the predicted H i mass fraction as a function of distance to filaments for the spectroscopically known galaxies in CHILES. Lastly we discuss the cold gas morphology of a few individual galaxies and their positions with respect to the cosmic web. The identification of the cosmic web, and the ability of CHILES to study the resolved neutral hydrogen morphologies and kinematics of galaxies, will allow future studies of the properties of neutral hydrogen in different cosmic web environments across the redshift range of z = 0.1–0.45.
Detection of Planetary and Stellar Companions to Neighboring Stars via a Combination of Radial Velocity and Direct Imaging Techniques
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Dalba Paul A. , Li Zhexing , Horch Elliott P. , Hirsch Lea A. , Horner Jonathan , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Howell Steve B. , Everett Mark E. , Butler R. Paul , Tinney Christopher G. , Carter Brad D. , Wright Duncan J. , Jones Hugh R. A. , Bailey Jeremy , O’Toole Simon J.
Published: June 2019

The sensitivities of radial velocity (RV) surveys for exoplanet detection are extending to increasingly longer orbital periods, where companions with periods of several years are now being regularly discovered. Companions with orbital periods that exceed the duration of the survey manifest in the data as an incomplete orbit or linear trend, a feature that can either present as the sole detectable companion to the host star, or as an additional signal overlain on the signatures of previously discovered companion(s). A diagnostic that can confirm or constrain scenarios in which the trend is caused by an unseen stellar rather than planetary companion is the use of high-contrast imaging observations. Here, we present RV data from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search (AAPS) for 20 stars that show evidence of orbiting companions. Of these, six companions have resolved orbits, with three that lie in the planetary regime. Two of these (HD 92987b and HD 221420b) are new discoveries. Follow-up observations using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument (DSSI) on the Gemini South telescope revealed that 5 of the 20 monitored companions are likely stellar in nature. We use the sensitivity of the AAPS and DSSI data to place constraints on the mass of the companions for the remaining systems. Our analysis shows that a planetary-mass companion provides the most likely self-consistent explanation of the data for many of the remaining systems.
Neptune's Latitudinal Variations as Viewed with ALMA
Authors: Tollefson Joshua , Pater Imke de , Luszcz-Cook Statia , DeBoer David
Published: June 2019

We present spatially resolved millimeter maps of Neptune between 95 and 242 GHz taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in 2016–2017. The millimeter weighting functions peak between 1 and 10 bar on Neptune, lying in between the altitudes probed at visible/infrared and centimeter wavelengths. Thus, these observations provide important constraints on the atmospheric structure and dynamics of Neptune. We identify seven well-resolved latitudinal bands of discrete brightness temperature variations, on the order of 0.5–3 K in all three observed ALMA spectral bands. We model Neptune’s brightness temperature using the radiative-transfer code Radio-BEAR and compare how various H2S, CH4, and ortho-/para-H2 abundance profiles can fit the observed temperature variations across the disk. We find that observed variations in brightness temperature with latitude can be explained by variations in the H2S profile that range from sub- to supersaturations at altitudes above the 10 bar pressure level, while variations in CH4 improve the quality of fit near the equator. At the south polar cap, our best-fit model has a depleted deep atmospheric abundance of H2S from 30 to only 1.5 times the protosolar value, while simultaneously depleting the CH4 abundance. This pattern of enhancement and depletion of condensible species is consistent with a global circulation structure where enriched air rises at the midlatitudes (32°–12°S) and north of the equator (2°–20°N), and dry air descends at the poles (90°–66°S) and just south of the equator (12°S–2°N). Our analysis finds more complex structure near the equator than accounted for in previous circulation models.
Red and Reddened: Ultraviolet through Near-infrared Observations of Type Ia Supernova 2017erp*
Authors: Brown Peter J. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Jha Saurabh W. , Sand David , Vieira Ethan , Wang Xiaofeng , Dai Mi , Dettman Kyle G. , Mould Jeremy , Uddin Syed , Wang Lifan , Arcavi Iair , Bento Joao , Burns Chris R. , Diamond Tiara , Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D. Andrew , Hsiao E. Y. , Marion G. H. , McCully Curtis , Milne Peter A. , Mirzaqulov Davron , Ruiter Ashley J. , Valenti Stefano , Xiang Danfeng
Published: June 2019

We present space-based ultraviolet/optical photometry and spectroscopy with the Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope (HST), respectively, along with ground-based optical photometry and spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy of supernova SN 2017erp. The optical light curves and spectra are consistent with a normal SN Ia. Compared to previous photometric samples in the near-ultraviolet (NUV), SN 2017erp has UV colors that are redder than NUV-blue SNe Ia corrected to similar optical colors. The chromatic difference between SNe 2011fe and 2017erp is dominated by the intrinsic differences in the UV rather than the expected dust reddening. This chromatic difference is similar to the SALT2 color law, derived from rest-frame ultraviolet photometry of higher redshift SNe Ia. Differentiating between intrinsic UV diversity and dust reddening can have important consequences for determining cosmological distances with rest-frame ultraviolet photometry. This ultraviolet spectroscopic series is the first from HST of a normal, albeit reddened, NUV-red SN Ia and is important for analyzing SNe Ia with intrinsically redder NUV colors. We show model comparisons suggesting that metallicity could be the physical difference between NUV-blue and NUV-red SNe Ia, with emission peaks from reverse fluorescence near 3000 Å implying a factor of ∼10 higher metallicity in the upper layers of SN 2017erp compared to SN 2011fe. Metallicity estimates are very model dependent, however, and there are multiple effects in the UV. Further models and UV spectra of SNe Ia are needed to explore the diversity of SNe Ia, which show seemingly independent differences in the near-UV peaks and mid-UV flux levels.
Evidence of New Magnetic Transitions in Late-type Dwarfs from Gaia DR2
Authors: Lanzafame Alessandro C. , Distefano Elisa , Barnes Sydney A. , Spada Federico
Published: June 2019

The second Gaia data release contains the identification of 147,535 low-mass (

) rotational modulation variable candidates on (or close to) the main sequence, together with their rotation period and modulation amplitude. The richness, the period and amplitude range, and the photometric precision of this sample make it possible to unveil, for the first time, signatures of different surface inhomogeneity regimes in the amplitude–period density diagram. The modulation amplitude distribution shows a clear bimodality, with an evident gap at periods P ≲ 2 days. The low-amplitude branch, in turn, shows a period bimodality with a main clustering at periods P ≈ 5–10 days and a secondary clustering of ultra-fast rotators at P ≲ 0.5 day. The amplitude–period multimodality is correlated with the position in the period–absolute magnitude (or period–color) diagram, with the low- and high-amplitude stars occupying different preferential locations. Here we argue that such a multimodality provides further evidence of the existence of different regimes of surface inhomogeneities in young and middle-age low-mass stars and we lay out possible scenarios for their evolution, which manifestly include rapid transitions from one regime to another. In particular, the data indicate that stars spinning up close to breakup velocity undergo a very rapid change in their surface inhomogeneities configuration, which is revealed here for the first time. The multimodality can be exploited to identify field stars of age ∼100–600 Myr belonging to the slow-rotator low-amplitude sequence, for which age can be estimated from the rotation period via gyrochronology relationships.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares. VII. Aerodynamic Drag in Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J. , Gopalswamy Nat
Published: June 2019

The free energy that is dissipated in a magnetic reconnection process of a solar flare, generally accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), has been considered as the ultimate energy source of the global energy budget of solar flares in previous statistical studies. Here we explore the effects of the aerodynamic drag force on CMEs, which supplies additional energy from the slow solar wind to a CME event, besides the magnetic energy supply. For this purpose, we fit the analytical aerodynamic drag model of Cargill and Vršnak et al. to the height–time profiles r(t) of LASCO/SOHO data in 14,316 CME events observed during the first 8 yr (2010–2017) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory era (ensuring EUV coverage with AIA). Our main findings are (1) a mean solar wind speed of w = 472 ± 414 km s−1, (2) a maximum drag-accelerated CME energy of E
drag ≲ 2 × 1032 erg, (3) a maximum flare-accelerated CME energy of E
flare ≲ 1.5 × 1033 erg, (4) the ratio of the summed kinetic energies of all flare-accelerated CMEs to the drag-accelerated CMEs amounts to a factor of 4, (5) the inclusion of the drag force slightly lowers the overall energy budget of CME kinetic energies in flares from ≈7% to ≈4%, and (6) the arrival times of CMEs at Earth can be predicted with an accuracy of ≈23%.