bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Call Market Experiments: Efficiency and Price Discovery through Multiple Calls and Emergent Newton Adjustments
Authors: Plott Charles R. , Pogorelskiy Kirill
Published: October 2017

We study multiple-unit, laboratory experimental call markets in which orders are cleared by a single price at a scheduled “call.” The markets are independent trading “days” with two calls each day preceded by a continuous and public order flow. Markets approach the competitive equilibrium over time. The price formation dynamics operate through the flow of bids and asks configured as the “jaws” of the order book with contract execution featuring elements of an underlying mathematical principle, the Newton-Raphson method for solving systems of equations. Both excess demand and its slope play a systematic role in call market price discovery. (JEL C92, D41, D44, G14)
Comparing Voting by Committees According to Their Manipulability
Authors: Arribillaga R. Pablo , Massó Jordi
Published: October 2017

We consider the class of voting by committees to be used by a society to collectively choose a subset from a given set of objects. We offer a simple criterion to compare two voting by committees without dummy agents according to their manipulability. This criterion is based on the set-inclusion relationships between the two corresponding pairs of sets of objects, those at which each agent is decisive and those at which each agent is vetoer. We show that the binary relation “to be as manipulable as” endows the set of equivalence classes of anonymous voting by committees (i.e., voting by quotas) with a complete upper semilattice structure, whose supremum is the equivalence class containing all voting by quotas with the property that the quota of each object is strictly larger than one and strictly lower than the number of agents. Finally, we extend the comparability criterion to the full class of all voting by committees. (JEL D71, D72)
Testing the recent Santorini seismic activity for possible tidal triggering effect
Authors: Contadakis Michael E. , Arabelos Demeter N. , Vergos G.
Published: October 2017

Based on the results of our studies for the tidal triggering effect on the seismicity of the Hellenic area, we consider the confidence level of earthquake occurrence - tidal period accordance as an index of tectonic stress criticality for earthquake occurrence and we check if the recent increase in the seismic activity at the Santorini island complex indicate that the faults Kameni and Columbo (to which the seismicity is clustered) (Chouliaras et al. 2013) are mature for a stronger earthquake. In this paper we present the results of this test
Εσωτερικές μεταναστεύσεις στο ύστερο Βυζάντιο (μέσα 13ου - τέλη 14ου αι.)
Authors: ΚΟΝΤΟΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Αναστασία
Published: October 2017

This paper intents to investigate the terminology used in Byzantine sources for the description of large scale population movements (migration). It also examines the factors causing migrations, their effects, as well as the social and political role of the migrants in their host regions. The often fragmented and scattered evidence in the available primary sources of the period under examination indicates frequent, as well as large movements of population. These movements involve primarily people who flee war zones or conquered areas in search of a safer region within the borders of the Byzantine State. Apart from population movements triggered by military operations, migrations were also caused  by political and religious conflicts, natural disasters, epidemics, economic needs and the imperial initiative. Movements of population caused by enemy attacks were provisional, if these attacks did not result to the permanent conquest of a city or region.  If, however, certain regions were irrevocably lost to the enemy, then the migration of the former inhabitants of these regions was permanent. The people who moved to the urban centers of this period were gradually incorporated in the economic and social life of the host areas, contributing thus significantly to a much needed regeneration, especially under the turbulent conditions of the late byzantine period.
Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση:"Προοπτικές και όρια της διαλογικότητας στον Μιχαήλ Μπαχτίν. Εφαρμογές στην Ψυχολογία, την Εκπαίδευση, την Τέχνη και τον Πολιτισμό"
Authors: Σπανάκη Μαριάνα
Published: October 2017

Η βιβλιοπαρουσίαση ασχολείται με τη διαλογικότητα σύμφωνα με τον Μιχαήλ Μπαχτίν και εστιάζει σε εφαρμογές στα πεδία της Εκπαίδευσης, της Ψυχολογίας, της Τέχνης και του Πολιτισμού.
A multiplatform investigation of Istrian Front dynamics (north Adriatic Sea) in winter 2015
Authors: KOKKINI Z. , GERIN R. , POULAIN P.M. , MAURI E. , PASARIĆ Z. , JANEKOVIĆ I. , PASARIĆ M. , MIHANOVIĆ H. , VILIBIĆ I.
Published: October 2017

In the northeastern Adriatic Sea, southwest of the Istrian Peninsula, a persistent thermohaline front is formed, called here the Istrian Front (IF). A Slocum glider was operated across the IF near the entrance to the Kvarner Bay between 24 and 27 February 2015. Three Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) were also deployed at the entrance of the Kvarner Bay during the same period. The glider crossed twice the IF, which was characterized by a fast response to the local wind condition, detecting strong salinity, temperature and density gradients. During the first crossing a strong northeasterly Bora wind was blowing. This resulted in a very sharp and strong thermohaline front, extended vertically in the entire water column, between saltier and warmer water to the south, and the fresher and colder water to the north. Across the front the SST changed ~ 1.2 °C within a distance of 2.4 km. On the contrary, during the second crossing, about 2 days later, under weaker wind conditions, the IF appeared to be much smoother, inclined and wider while the SST changed ~ 1.2 °C within a distance of 8 km. A strong density gradient was also reported, coincident with the thermohaline IF. From previous observations, mainly experiments in 2003, the IF was known only as a thermohaline front compensated in density. In winter 2015, the density front was strong and well defined, demonstrating a density difference of about 0.36 kg/m3 within a distance of 2.4 km. The ADCP measurements and the numerical model simulations demonstrated a circulation of cold waters exiting from the Kvarner Bay in the southern part of the entrance, while during a Bora event this outflow was taking place in the northern part.
Deadly impalement of a blue shark Prionace glauca by a swordfish Xiphias gladius
Authors: PENADÉS-SUAY J. , TOMÁS J. , AZNAR F. J.
Published: October 2017

In September, 2016, an adult female blue shark (Prionace glauca) 247 cm long stranded alive on the coast of Valencia (Spain, Western Mediterranean) but died shortly afterwards. The necropsy revealed ongoing pregnancy, with 65 embryos in early stage of development, and a healthy condition with no signs of starvation. Two fishing hooks surrounded by scarred tissue were detected in the mandible, indicating past interaction with fisheries. In addition, a fragment of the tip of a swordfish (Xiphias gladius) rostrum (length: 18 cm long, width: 0.5 cm (distal) and 3 cm (proximal)) was removed from the animal. The fragment had pierced the head producing an incision of 3.5 cm close to the left eye, crossing the head anterior to the pre-orbital process. No apparent damage was observed in the olfactory capsule or the eye, but the fragment had penetrated both sides of the skull causing extensive lesions in the brain, which were inferred to be the cause of death. Allometric analysis suggested that the swordfish was ca. 110 cm long, corresponding to a juvenile 1-2 yrs old. Swordfish had previously been reported driving their rostrum into pelagic sharks, allegedly as a defensive strategy. However, this is the first report of impalement as the direct cause of death in blue sharks.
On the role of turf species as refuge in disturbed environments: A case study with polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) in SW Mediterranean Sea
Authors: MELERO I. , LÓPEZ-VELASCO S. , LÓPEZ E.
Published: October 2017

During the summer of 2014, a field survey was conducted in several littoral rocky sites on the southeastern coast of Spain. In this area, dense canopies of Cystoseira mediterranea characterize undisturbed locations and cover most of the available infralittoral fringe. Turfs composed mainly of the coralline algae Ellisolandia elongata replace the canopy in locations where some kind of anthropogenic disturbance has occurred. The main goal of this study was to compare the polychaete fauna dwelling within the two types of phytal substratum, and several univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to detect significant differences between the two assemblages. The analyses showed that the assemblage inhabiting E. elongata was characterized by a higher population density of polychaetes and was dominated by herbivores and filter-feeders, especially Fabricia stellaris and Amphiglena mediterranea. Polychaetes were less abundant in pristine sites covered by Cystoseira mediterranea, although a-diversity was slightly higher. This assemblage was characterized by a predominance of omnivores followed by herbivores, and by high relative abundances of Syllis prolifera and Salvatoria clavata. However, none of the detected differences was statistically significant and site to site comparison showed that differences between locations with the same phytal cover were similarly deep. Our data point out that the assemblage inhabiting turf algae in the region studied is not substantially different to that found in pristine areas and that this type of phytal covering can act as effective refuge for polychaetes under moderately disturbed condition.
People who report anomalous information reception have higher dissociation symptom scores
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Radin Dean
Published: October 2017

Background: Dissociative states exist on a continuum from nonpathological expressions, such as highway hypnosis and day-dreaming, to pathological states of derealization and depersonalization. Claims of communication with deceased individuals or mediumship have been dismissed as dissociative symptoms in the past, although current definitions of dissociative pathologies have been qualified to include distress from the disorder and functional disability. This study examined the relationship between dissociative symptoms and mediumship or anomalous information reception (AIR) in a large convenience sample.

Methods: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data were conducted. The survey included demographics, the Dissociation Experience Scale Taxon (DES-T), and AIR data. Summary statistics and linear and logistic regressions evaluated the relationship between dissociative symptoms and AIR endorsement with and without covariates.

Results: 3,023 participants were included and were mostly middle-aged (51 years ± 16; range 17-96), female (70%), Caucasian (85%), college educated (88%), had an annual income over $50,000 (55%), were raised Christian (71%) and now affiliated as Spiritual but not Religious (60%). AIR ability was endorsed by 42% of participants. AIR experiences usually began in childhood (81%). Also, 53% had family members with similar AIR experiences. The mean DES-T score was 14.4 ± 17.3 (range 0-100) for all participants and was significantly higher for AIR claimants (18.2 ± 19.3) non-claimants (11.8 ± 15.2; t = -10.3, p<0.0005). In total, 11% of non-claimants and 22% of claimants had a cut-off score greater than 30 (X 2 = 63.0, p=<0.0005).

Conclusions: Mean DES-T scores for all participants were lower than a clinical cutoff for pathological dissociation. Future studies comparing AIR claimants and non-claimants may benefit from using a more comprehensive measure of dissociative symptoms. In addition, evaluating the participant’s functional impairment would help discern the pathological versus non-pathological nature of purported AIR experiences.
A Theory of Disclosure in Speculative Markets
Authors: Hertzberg Andrew
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a theory of disclosure in a market where investors have heterogeneous beliefs and face short-sale constraints. Assets trade above fundamentals reflecting the value of the option to sell to more optimistic investors in the future. The initial seller has an incentive to commit to an imprecise disclosure policy, despite the negative effect this has on the fundamental value of the asset, in order to increase the potential for disagreement and hence the magnitude of the speculative premium. I show that there is a strategic complementarity between sellers in their disclosure decisions. This explains why financial misreporting and episodes of speculation occur together in waves and demonstrates that the endogenous choice of imprecise disclosure amplifies the extent to which assets are overpriced.

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Coordinated Logistics with a Truck and a Drone
Authors: Carlsson John Gunnar , Song Siyuan
Published: October 2017

We determine the efficiency of a delivery system in which an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) provides service to customers while making return trips to a truck that is itself moving. In other words, a UAV picks up a package from the truck (which continues on its route), and after delivering the package, the UAV returns to the truck to pick up the next package. Although the hardware for such systems already exists, the extent to which such an approach can actually provide a significantly improved quality of service is not yet understood. By combining a theoretical analysis in the Euclidean plane with real-time numerical simulations on a road network, we demonstrate that the improvement in efficiency is proportional to the square root of the ratio of the speeds of the truck and the UAV.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2824 .

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Order Flow Volatility and Equity Costs of Capital
Authors: Chordia Tarun , Hu Jianfeng , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar , Tong Qing
Published: October 2017

We propose that the volatility of order flow is a proxy for costs of information asymmetry, as order flow volatility varies positively with parameters that also influence adverse selection costs of trading. Empirically, order flow volatility is significantly higher prior to earnings or merger announcements when information asymmetry is likely to be elevated. Levels of and shocks to order flow volatility are positively and significantly correlated with existing illiquidity proxies, and strongly predict stock returns in the cross section. The impact of order imbalance volatility shocks on stock prices is reflected within one month in large, visible stocks but takes up to four months to be fully reflected in small, “neglected” stocks.

The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2848 .

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
The Impact of Conversations on Fourth Grade Reading Performance - What NAEP Data Explorer Tells?
Authors: Bond Jeremy , Zhang Mingyuan
Published: October 2017

This study presented a secondary analysis of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) dataset. The paper explored the differences between fourth grade reading scores by examining (1) how often the fourth graders discuss their school work at home with family and (2) how often the fourth graders discuss what they were reading with friends. The results by NAEP Data Explorer indicate that the average scale score (M=214, SD=36) of students who report “never or hardly ever” talking about studies at home was significantly (p <0.001) lower than all other groups. The results of how often they talked to their friends about what they were reading were mixed: Students reporting talk with friends once or twice a month (M=228, SD=35) had significantly (p<0.001) higher average scale scores than those in the never or hardly ever and almost every day groups and slightly lower than those talking once or twice a week.
Do Job Satisfaction and Demographic Characteristics of Female Teachers influence their Affective Commitment to Schools?
Authors: Dinc M. Sait , Kocyigit Zubeyde
Published: October 2017

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ethical leadership on teachers’ job satisfaction, and affective commitment in an education sector. This study proposes that ethical leadership has a significant and positive effect on overall job satisfaction and affective commitment. Moreover, it suggests that ethical leadership has an influence on overall job satisfaction and affective commitment. In this study, the relationships among the variables were evaluated using correlation, and regression analysis. The results which is based on a sample of 150 teachers from four private schools in Pakistan demonstrate that overall job satisfaction has a significant and positive influence on affective commitment, whereas, marriage as a demographic variable has a positive effect on overall job satisfaction and affective commitment.
CTGF Is Expressed During Cystic Remodeling in the PKD/Mhm (cy/+) Rat Model for Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
Authors: Gauer Stefan , Holzmann Yvonne , Kränzlin Bettina , Hoffmann Sigrid C. , Gretz Norbert , Hauser Ingeborg A. , Goppelt-Struebe Margarete , Geiger Helmut , Obermüller Nicholas
Published: October 2017

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also named CCN2) plays an important role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which most critically determines the progression to end-stage renal failure in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common genetically caused renal disease. We determined CTGF expression in a well-characterized animal model of human ADPKD, the PKD/Mhm (cy/+) rat. Kidneys of 12 weeks old (cy/+) as well as (+/+) non-affected rats were analyzed for CTGF RNA and protein expression by RT-PCR, Northern and Western blot analyses, in situ hybridization, and IHC. Besides the established expression of CTGF in glomerular cells in kidneys of wild-type (+/+) animals, in (cy/+) rats, CTGF mRNA and protein were robustly expressed in interstitial, stellate-shaped cells, located in a scattered pattern underlying the cystic epithelium and in focal areas of advanced tubulointerstitial remodeling. Renal CTGF mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in (cy/+) rats compared with their (+/+) littermates. Detection of CTGF expression in cells adjacent to cystic epithelium and in areas of marked fibrosis suggests a role in the local response to cyst development and indicates that CTGF may be a relevant factor contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in polycystic kidney disease.
Cuba dances: Popular dance, documentary film and the construction of the revolutionary state
Authors: Town Sarah
Published: October 2017

With the 1959 victory of the Cuban Revolution, documentary film became a means by which to study and educate the population, to disseminate and at times question revolutionary ideology, and through these processes to construct a new nation. Because of its association with the lively effervescence of cubanía, popular dance continued to be a crucial element in Cuba’s self-image, featured prominently in new filmic production. Yet revolutionary perspectives on past eras and goals for a new moral culture complicated its portrayal. This article explores the diverse, sometimes conflicting, currents in Cuba’s documentary film production from 1960 to 1974 through the analysis of four short documentaries focused on popular dance. It argues that popular dance, as viewed through the lens of documentary film, was a crucial area of ideological struggle, the victory of which implied control over the minds, hearts and bodies of Cubans in the construction of a revolutionary state.
Archeometry in preventive conservation of metal objects from the Naval Museum of Madrid
Authors: Agua F. , Gálvez Farfán J. M. , Peña J. , F. Conde J. , González Rodrigo M. , García Ramírez S. , García Heras M. , A. Villegas M.
Published: October 2017

La evaluación de las condiciones ambientales, tanto en sala como en vitrinas, realizada en el Museo Naval de Madrid a partir de un protocolo de seguimiento de la acidez ambiental que utiliza sensores ópticos basados en la tecnología sol-gel, sirvió para constatar que las condiciones de conservación eran adecuadas en la mayoría de los espacios expositivos. Sin embargo, en algunas vitrinas en las que se habían observado problemas de conservación de objetos metálicos procedentes de pecios, los valores de pH ambiental detectados fueron ácidos (valores promedio inferiores a pH = 6,5). Esta contribución presenta los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo para determinar las causas de los problemas de conservación observados en una vitrina que expone balas de plomo, con el propósito de establecer pautas de conservación preventiva. Las balas de plomo desarrollaban una capa blanquecina poco consistente tras su limpieza y posterior protección contra la corrosión con una resina acrílica comercial. Se realizaron diferentes ensayos en el laboratorio con los objetos tratados y sin tratar dentro de recipientes cerrados, y con los soportes y contenedores de polimetilmetacrilato del interior de las vitrinas, utilizando en ambos casos los sensores ópticos mencionados. Los resultados indicaron que en los objetos de plomo se formaba una capa de formiato de plomo producida por la presencia de especies ácidas cuyo origen se debe, muy probablemente, al efecto combinado del empleo de la resina acrílica y la presencia de materiales de polimetilmetacrilato en un ambiente cerrado. La determinación del pH en el ambiente de dicha vitrina y su seguimento en los ensayos de laboratorio ha permitido alertar sobre el medio ácido generado, lo cual ha servido para establecer acciones correctoras de conservación preventiva en el museo.
Ensayos de tratamientos de protección y consolidación de la policromía del alfarje y yeserías del Patio de las Doncellas: Real Alcázar de Sevilla
Authors: I. Calero A. , C. Coba A. , Collado Montero F. J. , Medina Flórez V. J.
Published: October 2017

El trabajo que se presenta pone de manifiesto la metodología llevada a cabo para la valoración de tratamientos, en lo que a color se refiere, aplicados sobre probetas de ensayo realizadas a partir de los materiales identificados en dos elementos arquitectónicos decorativos de la zona sur-este de uno de los patios más significativos del Alcázar de Sevilla: el Patio de las Doncellas. Estos elementos que tenemos como motivo de estudio son el alfarje de las galerías bajas y el paramento de yeso. Los tratamientos seleccionados para ser evaluados consisten, en el caso del alfarje en la aplicación de un barniz de protección con estabilizador de radiación ultravioleta (Archival Golden ®), y en el caso de las yeserías de aplicación de dos tratamientos de consolidación: resina acrílica (Paraloid®B72) y silicato de etilo (Bioestel®1200). Los resultados obtenidos servirán de base para la elección de una propuesta de intervención óptima que incluya la posible utilización del barniz ultravioleta en el alfarje in situ así como el efecto que podrían tener los tratamientos de consolidación en las policromías de las yeserías. De esta forma contribuimos al conocimiento previo del comportamiento de los materiales antes de abordar la restauración de la decoración arquitectónica de este espacio o de otras obras de similar cronología con problemáticas similares.
CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell, CD4+ /CD8+ ratio, and apoptosis as a response to induction phase chemotherapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tanzilia May Fanny , Cahyadi Andi , Hermaningsih Yetti , Retnowati Endang , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede
Published: October 2017

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a neoplastic disease resulting from somatic mutation in the lymphoid progenitor cells, often occuring in children aged 2-5 years, predominantly in males. Results from the induction phase of chemtherapy are used to measure success, but the failure remission rate is still high. Increased apoptosis of cancer cells, as induced by CD4+ and CD8+T-cells, is an indicator of prognosis and response to chemotherapy.Objective To assess for correlations between CD4+, CD8+, or CD4+/CD8+ ratio to the chemotherapy induction phase response (i.e., apoptosis) in pediatric ALL patients.Methods This observational analytical cohort study was done in 25 pediatric ALL patients. Whole blood (3 mL) with EDTA anticoagulant were used to measure absolute counts of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined for apoptosis. The principle of CD4+, CD8+ examination was bond between antigens on the surface of the leukocyte in the blood with fluorochrome labeled antibodies in the reagents, while the principle of apoptosis examination was FITC Annexin V will bonds with phosphatidylserine that moves out of the cell when the cell undergoes apoptosis, then intercalation with propidium iodide (PI). All examination were detected by flow cytometry BD FACSCalibur.Results Subjects were 25 newly-diagnosed, pediatric ALL patients (64% males and 36% females). Most subjects were 3 years of age (20%). Numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as CD4+/CD8+ were significantly decreased after chemotherapy. However, apoptosis was not significantly different before and after chemotherapy (P=0.689), There were significant negative correlations between apoptosis and CD4+ (P=0.002; rs=-0.584), and CD8+ (rs=-0.556; P=0.004), before chemotherapy. In addition, CD4+-delta and apoptosis-delta also had a significant positive correlation (rs=0.478; P=0.016). However, no correlation was found between the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and apoptosis, before or after chemotherapy.Conclusion There are significantly lower mean CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio after chemotherapy than before. Also, there are significant correlations between CD4+-delta and apoptosis-delta, as well as between apoptosis and CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+, before chemotherapy. CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ can be used to predict apoptosis before chemotherapy. In addition, CD4+-delta can be used to predict apoptosis-delta as a response to induction phase chemotherapy in pediatric ALL.
Yemenite Jews in the Red Sea Trade and the Development of a New Diaspora
Authors: Anzi Menashe
Published: October 2017

This article explores the Red Sea world from the perspective of Yemenite Jewish migration and the Yemenite Jewish diaspora. Such a perspective, unexamined so far, supports the notion of the “Red Sea World” as a cultural geographical unit and helps extend its research parameters. In providing an integrative approach to the study of the multiple Jewish communities in the Red Sea region, which are typically viewed as distinct and relatively isolated, the research also contributes to the study of Jewish diaspora history. My research further reveals that there were close ties between Muslim and Jewish immigrants in the area around the Red Sea.
Kooperativní učení na školách: tři pohledy, tři výhledy
Authors: Kasíková Hana
Published: October 2017

V problematice kooperativního učení se setkáme s napětím mezi velmi dobře zpracovanou teoretickou strukturou a realitou výuky, ve které jsou kooperativní učební skupiny prozatím spíše okrajovou záležitostí. Teoretická studie se zaměřuje na kooperativní učení z didaktického hlediska. Představuje rozpracovanost teorie kooperativního učení ve třech rovinách: v rovině výchozí teorie kooperace, v rovině principů kooperativního učení a v rovině aplikační. Úspěch kooperativního učení v zahraničí je přisuzován fungujícím vztahům mezi teorií, empirickým výzkumem a praxí: druhá část studie tedy ukazuje na souvislosti, které přináší zpracovaná teorie kooperativního učení pro empirické zkoumání výuky a ovlivňování její reality. Za základní směr výzkumu u nás označuje zkoumání podmínek, za kterých se uplatní potenciál kooperativní učební formy. Ve výzkumu proměny výuky je pak za podstatnou podmínku považován určen vztah mezi přesvědčením učitele a jeho konáním.Klíčová slova: teorie sociální vzájemné závislosti, pozitivní vzájemná závislost, skupinové vyučování, kooperativní učení, principy kooperativního učení, aplikační teorie, empirický výzkum.
Field Testing and Numerical Modeling of Inflatable Structure for Underwater Applications
Authors: Li Yanjun , Su Tsung-chow , Ouyang Bing , Dalgleish Fraser , Dalgleish Anni
Published: October 2017

As humans explore greater depths of the earth’s oceans, there is a growing need for the installation of subsea structures. Deployable structures can provide a lightweight, compact solution to form large-span structures underwater. Upon inflation, these structures, attached by sensors, can morph into final shapes that are a hundred times larger than their original volume, which extends the former detection range and also provides long-term observation capabilities. This research takes the inflatable structure fundamental element, the inflated tube, and studies its behavior under bending load conditions. Initial scale models are built for the study of the mechanics of inflatable tubes. Numerical and experimental approaches are both developed to investigate the inflatable tubular behavior under concerted loading conditions. The numerical model is based on finite element theory and considers fluid-structure interaction effects under different conditions. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data, where the fractional error between those was found to be less than 15 %. This shows that the methods used in this research lay the foundation for underwater inflatable structure design and analysis.
Parkinson's Disease-Associated LRRK2 Hyperactive Kinase Mutant Disrupts Synaptic Vesicle Trafficking in Ventral Midbrain Neurons
Authors: Pan Ping-Yue , Li Xianting , Wang Jing , Powell James , Wang Qian , Zhang Yuanxi , Chen Zhaoyu , Wicinski Bridget , Hof Patrick , Ryan Timothy A. , Yue Zhenyu
Published: October 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized pathologically by the selective loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Recent evidence has suggested a role of LRRK2, linked to the most frequent familial PD, in regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking. However, the mechanism whereby LRRK2 mutants contribute to nigral vulnerability remains unclear. Here we show that the most common PD mutationLRRK2 G2019Simpairs SV endocytosis in ventral midbrain (MB) neurons, including DA neurons, and the slowed endocytosis can be rescued by inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity. A similar endocytic defect, however, was not observed in LRRK2 mutant neurons from the neocortex (hereafter, cortical neurons) or the hippocampus, suggesting a brain region-specific vulnerability to the G2019S mutation. Additionally, we found MB-specific impairment of SV endocytosis in neurons carrying heterozygous deletion ofSYNJ1(PARK20), a gene that is associated with recessive Parkinsonism. CombiningSYNJ1+/−andLRRK2 G2019Sdoes not exacerbate SV endocytosis but impairs sustained exocytosis in MB neurons and alters specific motor functions of 1-year-old male mice. Interestingly, we show that LRRK2 directly phosphorylates synaptojanin1in vitro, resulting in the disruption of endophilin-synaptojanin1 interaction required for SV endocytosis. Our work suggests a merge ofLRRK2andSYNJ1pathogenic pathways in deregulating SV trafficking in MB neurons as an underlying molecular mechanism of early PD pathogenesis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron-selective vulnerability in PD is essential for the development of targeted therapeutics. We report, for the first time, a nerve terminal impairment in SV trafficking selectively in MB neurons but not cortical neurons caused by two PARK genes:LRRK2(PARK8) andSYNJ1(PARK20). We demonstrate that the enhanced kinase activity resulting from the most frequentG2019Smutation inLRRK2is the key to this impairment. We provide evidence suggesting thatLRRK2 G2019SandSYNJ1loss of function share a similar pathogenic pathway in deregulating DAergic neuron SV endocytosis and that they play additive roles in facilitating each other's pathogenic functions in PD.
Common Synaptic Input to Motor Neurons and Neural Drive to Targeted Reinnervated Muscles
Authors: Farina Dario , Castronovo Anna Margherita , Vujaklija Ivan , Sturma Agnes , Salminger Stefan , Hofer Christian , Aszmann Oskar
Published: October 2017

We compared the behavior of motor neurons innervating their physiological muscle targets with motor neurons from the same spinal segment whose axons were surgically redirected to remnant muscles (targeted muscle reinnervation). The objective was to assess whether motor neurons with nonphysiological innervation receive similar synaptic input and could be voluntary controlled as motor neurons with natural innervation. For this purpose, we acquired high-density EMG signals from the biceps brachii in 5 male transhumeral amputees who underwent targeted reinnervation of this muscle by the ulnar nerve and from the first dorsal interosseous muscle of 5 healthy individuals to investigate the natural innervation of the ulnar nerve. The same recordings were also performed from the biceps brachii muscle of additional 5 able-bodied individuals. The EMG signals were decomposed into discharges of motor unit action potentials. Motor neurons were progressively recruited for the full range of submaximal muscle activation in all conditions. Moreover, their discharge rate significantly increased from recruitment to target activation level in a similar way across the subject groups. Motor neurons across all subject groups received common synaptic input as identified by coherence analysis of their spike trains. However, the relative strength of common input in both the delta (0.5–5 Hz) and alpha (5–13 Hz) bands was significantly smaller for the surgically reinnervated motor neuron pool with respect to the corresponding physiologically innervated one. The results support the novel approach of motor neuron interfacing for prosthesis control and provide new insights into the role of afferent input on motor neuron activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTargeted muscle reinnervation surgically redirects nerves that lost their target in the amputation into redundant muscles in the region of the stump. The study of the behavior of motor neurons following this surgery is needed for designing biologically inspired prosthetic control strategies. Moreover, targeted muscle reinnervation offers a human experimental framework for studying the control and behavior of motor neurons when changing their target innervated muscle fibers and sensory feedback. Here, we show that the control of motor neurons and their synaptic input, following reinnervation, was remarkably similar to that of the physiological innervation, although with reduced common drive at some frequencies. The results advance our knowledge on the role of sensory input in the generation of the neural drive to muscles and provide the basis for designing physiologically inspired methods for prosthesis control.
Hope and Advanced Breast Cancer: Engaging with the Parish Nursing Community to Explore Hope in Women with Advanced Breast Cancer in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunkorode Agatha , Holtslander Lorraine
Published: October 2017

Women with advanced breast cancer living in Nigeria face many obstacles and are very reliant on the support of faith communities, including parish nurses, who have a strong presence in Nigeria. Research with people with advanced cancer has shown the importance of hope as a source of strength and an important spiritual concept in their lives. Parish nursing focuses on the promotion of health within the context of the values, beliefs, and practices of the faith community. What distinguishes parish nursing care is the intentional integration of the body, mind, and spirit to create wholeness, health, and a sense of well-being even when the patient’s illness is not curable. This specialty nursing practice holds that all persons are sacred and must be treated with respect and dignity. In line with these beliefs, the parish nurse serves her community with compassion, mercy, presence, and justice. Community-based research is needed to explore what hope means for women in Nigeria with advanced breast cancer, in order to build essential and innovative nursing knowledge and provide opportunities to identify meaningful interventions and ways the faith community can support these women, their families, and their communities.
Medical Cannabinoids in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wong Shane Shucheng , Wilens Timothy E.
Published: October 2017

CONTEXT:

Legalization of medical marijuana in many states has led to a widening gap between the accessibility and the evidence for cannabinoids as a medical treatment.

OBJECTIVE:

To systematically review published reports to identify the evidence base of cannabinoids as a medical treatment in children and adolescents.

DATA SOURCES:

Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a search of PubMed, Medline, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases was conducted in May 2017.

STUDY SELECTION:

Searching identified 2743 citations, and 103 full texts were reviewed.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Searching identified 21 articles that met inclusion criteria, including 22 studies with a total sample of 795 participants. Five randomized controlled trials, 5 retrospective chart reviews, 5 case reports, 4 open-label trials, 2 parent surveys, and 1 case series were identified.

RESULTS:

Evidence for benefit was strongest for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, with increasing evidence of benefit for epilepsy. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to support use for spasticity, neuropathic pain, posttraumatic stress disorder, and Tourette syndrome.

LIMITATIONS:

The methodological quality of studies varied, with the majority of studies lacking control groups, limited by small sample size, and not designed to test for the statistical significance of outcome measures. Studies were heterogeneous in the cannabinoid composition and dosage and lacked long-term follow-up to identify potential adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS:

Additional research is needed to evaluate the potential role of medical cannabinoids in children and adolescents, especially given increasing accessibility from state legalization and potential psychiatric and neurocognitive adverse effects identified from studies of recreational cannabis use.
Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings
Authors: Rathore Mobeen H. , Jackson Mary Anne ,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele ,   MHCM, Edwards Kathryn M. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz Flor M. , Nolt Dawn , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: October 2017

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed August 2010, April 2015, and December 2022.

Since the American Academy of Pediatrics published its statement titled “Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Ambulatory Settings” in 2007, there have been significant changes that prompted this updated statement. Infection prevention and control is an integral part of pediatric practice in ambulatory medical settings as well as in hospitals. Infection prevention and control practices should begin at the time the ambulatory visit is scheduled. All health care personnel should be educated regarding the routes of transmission and techniques used to prevent the transmission of infectious agents. Policies for infection prevention and control should be written, readily available, updated every 2 years, and enforced. Many of the recommendations for infection control and prevention from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for hospitalized patients are also applicable in the ambulatory setting. These recommendations include requirements for pediatricians to take precautions to identify and protect employees likely to be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials while on the job. In addition to emphasizing the key principles of infection prevention and control in this policy, we update those that are relevant to the ambulatory care patient. These guidelines emphasize the role of hand hygiene and the implementation of diagnosis- and syndrome-specific isolation precautions, with the exemption of the use of gloves for routine diaper changes and wiping a well child’s nose or tears for most patient encounters. Additional topics include respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette strategies for patients with a respiratory tract infection, including those relevant for special populations like patients with cystic fibrosis or those in short-term residential facilities; separation of infected, contagious children from uninfected children when feasible; safe handling and disposal of needles and other sharp medical devices; appropriate use of personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection; and appropriate use of sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis. Lastly, in this policy, we emphasize the importance of public health interventions, including vaccination for patients and health care personnel, and outline the responsibilities of the health care provider related to prompt public health notification for specific reportable diseases and communication with colleagues who may be providing subsequent care of an infected patient to optimize the use of isolation precautions and limit the spread of contagions.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services in the Pediatric Setting
Authors: Marcell Arik V. , Burstein Gale R. ,   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Braverman Paula , Adelman William , Alderman Elizabeth , Breuner Cora , Hornberger Laurie , Levine David
Published: October 2017

Pediatricians are an important source of health care for adolescents and young adults and can play a significant role in addressing their patients’ sexual and reproductive health needs, including preventing unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, and promoting healthy relationships. STIs, HIV, and unintended pregnancy are all preventable health outcomes with potentially serious permanent sequelae; the highest rates of STIs, HIV, and unintended pregnancy are reported among adolescents and young adults. Office visits present opportunities to provide comprehensive education and health care services to adolescents and young adults to prevent STIs, HIV, and unintended pregnancies. The American Academy of Pediatrics, other professional medical organizations, and the government have guidelines and recommendations regarding the provision of sexual and reproductive health information and services. However, despite these recommendations, recent studies have revealed that there is substantial room for improvement in actually delivering the recommended services. The purpose of this clinical report is to assist pediatricians to operationalize the provision of various aspects of sexual and reproductive health care into their practices and to provide guidance on overcoming barriers to providing this care routinely while maximizing opportunities for confidential health services delivery in their offices.
A Hallervorden–Spatz-eponímától a molekuláris nevezéktanig
Authors: Garzuly Ferenc
Published: October 2017

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: A combination of Niemann-Pick- and Hallervorden-Spatz diseases led to the death of a 17-year-old boy in 1994. Genetic counseling necessitated further investigations in 2017. Meanwhile, the nomenclature of Hallervorden-Spatz disease has been abandoned. The author analyze the reasons for this change. Method: Professional activities of Hallervorden and Spatz during and after the Nazi euthanasia program are presented. Also, the scientific efforts that led to the discovery of the genetic background of the disease and ultimately to its new name are highlighted. Results: In nazi Germany, a large number of mentally disabled were killed. The majority of pediatric-brains were transferred to the “Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Hirnforschung”, led by Hugo Spatz, and was included in the “Hallervorden collection”. Investigations exploring the connections between eponyms and nazi-activites started in the mid-1980s. This process was accelerated by the discovery of genetic alterations underlying disease entities, including neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). NBIA has several subtypes, with the first being the disease described by Hallervorden and Spatz, and recently renamed to pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN). The case examined by the authors belongs to the third subtype, to the mitochondrial protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN). Conclusion: The works of the two noted neuropathologists strongly conflict with current ethical principles of human research studies. The buried “Hallervorden collection” in the Munich Waldfriedhof cemetery, and the memorial column erected there will remain a sad reminder of a time when a political system profoundly distorted the judgement of even academic physicians. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(43): 1723–1727.
О "шестиугольных" решениях некоторых уравнений математической физики
Authors: Шелехов Александр Михайлович
Published: October 2017

Для некоторых известных уравнений в частных производных найдены решения, которым соответствует шестиугольная три-ткань
“It Just Never Worked Out”: How Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth Understand their Pathways into Homelessness
Authors: Shelton Jama , Bond Lynden
Published: October 2017

Many transgender and gender-expansive young people live outside of mainstream society, due to structural barriers that limit access to employment, health care, education, and public accommodations, as well as prejudice and discrimination within their families and communities. These structural barriers can be understood as cisgenderism. Though a growing body of research examines lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth homelessness, gaps in knowledge about the specific experiences of transgender and gender-expansive homeless youth remain. This phenomenological qualitative investigation explored aspects of transgender and gender-expansive youth's experiences related to homelessness. This article focuses on participants' understanding of their pathways into homelessness.
Clarence Bridge, Regent’s Park, London, UK: the assessment and repair of a wrought iron lattice bridge
Authors: Dutton Andrew
Published: October 2017

Clarence Bridge provides pedestrian and light vehicle access across the southern end of the boating lake in Regent’s Park, London, UK. It had been poorly maintained and was suffering from severe corrosion. With section losses in excess of 50% at lattice intersections and at deck level, its load-carrying capacity and future were limited. Royal Parks sought specialist conservation engineering advice on what were the best options for the bridge from Hurst Peirce + Malcolm, consulting engineers. A detailed inspection and analysis of the bridge in its weakened state led to options for repair ranging from complete replacement of all weakened sections in the lattices and webs to installing a mid-span support. It would be difficult to repair the lattices where they pass between the vertical stiffeners. Fortunately, the lattices have a high level of redundancy and with re-analysis of the structure, it was possible to justify that the bridge could function with many of the members repaired but with some members retained in their weakened state. The repairs took the form of cutting out weakened sections of the lattice and web plate and welding mild steel sections. This also required the replacement of some 286 rivets using the hot riveting technique.