bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Stress Tolerance (Cold and Salt) in Plants Have Different Seed Nutrient Content (Maize, Bean and Wheat)
Authors: DEMİR Yavuz
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to determine cross-stress tolerance in plants have different seed nutrient content (maize, bean and wheat). For this purpose, salt (50 and 100 mM NaCI) and cold stress (12/7oC) separately or in combinations (cross stress) were applied and studied the alterations of root and stem growth, total soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) associated with induction of cold hardiness by salt stress. Salt and cold stress and its combinations caused inhibition of root and stem growth and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD and APX) were significantly increased or decreased due to both salt, cold stress and its combinations. The soluble protein content increased in maize and wheat while decreased in bean in all applications. Cross-stress, on the other hand, decreased the soluble protein content according to alone salt or cold stress in all plants. As a result, there is not determined any relationship among cross-stress tolerance and growth, soluble protein content, antioxidant enzyme activities or plants have different energy sources. For example; while the highest increase in SOD, CAT, POD and APX activities were observed in maize, root-stem growth was most decreased in maize.
The Effects of Different Intensity of Thinning on the Development in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands in Kazakh Uplands
Authors: EBEL Andrei V. , EBEL Yekaterina İ. , ZALESOV Sergei V. , AYAN Sezgin
Published: October 2019

The search for more accurate methods of predicting the growth and development of forest stands became the most urgent task set for foresters of Kazakhstan to determine the permissible interventions in the natural course of the life of plantings, provide high durability and resilience in forests. The aim of the study was to identify the effects of diameter and density of Scots pine stands of Kazakh Uplands on their growth and productivity and the related productivity of single plantation stands taking into account the conditions of growth and development of internal factors as well as further study of the methodology for assessing the forestry cost-effectiveness and improvement thinning. To achieve this aim, effects of varied felling intensities on Scots pine stands were studied. The most common two forest types in upland Scots pine forests were chosen as permanent sample plots; the dead pine-lichen and moss pine-grass. The results showed that improvement thinning of moderate and severe intensity which are more profitable should be done in Scots pine forests of Kazakh Upland as well as carrying out such thinning increases the yield of the larger logs and increases the value of the left stand.
Pemanfaatan Kulit Singkong sebagai Bahan Baku Karbon Aktif
Authors: Maulinda Leni , ZA Nasrul , Sari Dara Nurfika
Published: October 2019

Kulit singkong merupakan salah satu limbah padat yang dihasilkan pada pembuatan keripik singkong hasil olahan industri rumah tangga. Limbah ini mengandung unsur karbon yang cukup tinggi sebesar 59,31%. Hal tersebut yang mendasar bahwa kulit singkong dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif. Salah satu pemanfaatan karbon aktif adalah sebagi absorben pada pemurnian air sumur. Pembuatan karbon aktif dilakukan dengan 2 tahap, yaitu proses aktivasi menggunakan bahan kimia NaOH dan proses karbonisasi. Proses pengarangan(karbonisasi), karbon dilakukan dengan 2 variabel yaitu waktu karbonisasai selama 1, 2 , 3, dan 4 jam, temperatur karbonisasi 300 0C, 400 0C, 500 0C, dan 600 0C. Ciri karbon aktif yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah rendemen, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dikarbonisasi selam 2 jam pada temperatur 600 0C. Dimana karbon aktif mampu mengurangi kotoran maupun logam yangada di dalam air sumur yaitu Fe = 87,75%, Cl- = 63,67%, TDS = 67,6%, kekeruhan= 57,68%, dan pH = 4,73%. Spesifikasi tersebut sesuai dengan persyaratan kualitas air bersih menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 82/2001
Pembuatan Pulp dari Batang Pisang
Authors: Bahri Syamsul
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji perolehan  pulp dari batang pisang   melalui proses soda. Bahan baku pulp terdiri atas selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin dan ekstraktif. Pulp dapat dibuat dengan cara kimia, yaitu memasak bahan baku dengan menggunakan bahan kimia yang sesuai di dalam Reaktor. Batang pisang  yang berukuran 1 cm sebanyak 10 gram dimasak dengan menvariasikan konsentrasi NaOH dan waktu pemasakan. Konsentrasi NaOH yang digunakan 0,5;  1; 1,5; 2 dan 2,5 %  dengan waktu pemasakan 30; 60; 90; 120 dan 150 menit. Kondisi terbaik dari hasil penelitian diperoleh pulp 61.43 %, kandungan selulosa 83.3 %, dan kandungan lignin 2.97 % pada waktu pemasakan 120 menit dan konsentrasi NaOH 2 %.
STUDI AWAL PRODUKSI BAHAN BAKAR DARI PROSES PIROLISIS KANTONG PLASTIK BEKAS
Authors: Nasrun Nasrun , Kurniawan Eddy , Sari Inggit
Published: October 2019

Penggunaan sampah plastik sebagai bahan untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar minyak merupakan suatu alternatif yang dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomis, disamping itu juga dapat menyelesaikan masalah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi operasi/proses terbaik pada pengolahan limbah kantong plastik jenis kresek menjadi bahan bakar. Proses pirolisis adalah dekomposisi kimia bahan organik melalui proses pemanasan tanpa atau sedikit oksigen dimana material mentah akan mengalami pemecahan stuktur kimia menjadi fase gas. Proses distilasi adalah proses pemisahan campuran dalam suatu larutan berdasarkan perbedaan titik didih. Variabel penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi waktu pirolisis selama (15, 30, 45, 60) menit, suhu pirolisis adalah 260oC, 270oC, 280oC, 290oC dan 300oC. Pengujian terhadap bahan bakar minyak didasarkan pada standar mutu bahan bakar minyak di Indonesia yaitu nilai kalor, titik nyala (flash point), kadar abu, kadar air, analisa komposisi serta menentukan energi aktivasi (Ea). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kalor pembakaran sebesar 10.541,75 kkal/kg, titik nyala (flash point) tetinggi pada suhu pirolisis 260oC waktu reaksi 15 menit 63,9oC, pada titik nyala terendah pada suhu pirolisis 300oC waktu reaksi 60 menit 57,5oC, kadar abu tertinggi diperoleh pada suhu pirolisis 300oC waktu reaksi 60 menit yaitu 0,26% dan kadar abu terendah pada suhu pirolisis 260oC waktu reaksi 15 menit yaitu 0,01%, kadar air terbaik diperoleh pada suhu pirolisis 300oC waktu reaksi 60 menit yaitu 0,01%. Hasil pengujian analisa komposisi menunjukkan persentase terbanyak adalah C12H24 yaitu sebesar 29,3%, nilai aktivasi energi yang didapat adalah 10.106,77 kj/mol.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT PISANG BARANGAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR
Authors: Nasrun Nasrun , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Herawati Herawati
Published: October 2019

Pupuk cair merupakan pupuk yang bahan dasarnya berasal dari hewan atau tumbuhan yang sudah mengalami fermentasi dan bentuk produknya berupa cairan. Kulit pisang barangan salah satu bahan dasar yang dinggunakan untuk pembuatan pupuk cair karena mengandung unsur mikro N, P dan K. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui unsur hara yang terkandung dalam pupuk cair dari kulit pisang barangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan molase, aquadest, air, dan Efektivitas Mikroorganisme (EM4) dengan variable tetap yang dinggunakan adalah kulit piang barangan 1500 gram Sedangkan variabel bebas yang dipakai pada penelitian ini waktu inkubasi (7 hari, 14 hari, 21 hari), Variasi molase (80 ml,90 ml,100 ml), dan Variasi EM4 (200 ml, 400 ml, 600 ml). Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel terbaik pada waktu fermentasi 21 hari dengan  volume EM-200 ml dengan volume molase- 80 ml  yaitu pH 5,10, unsur Nitrogen 1,54 % dan Kalium 0,60 %.
KARAKTERISASI MATERIAL CAMPURAN SiO2 DAN GETAH FLAMBOYAN (Delonix regia) SEBAGAI MATERIAL COATING PENCEGAH KOROSI PADA BAJA
Authors: Rochmat Agus , Putra Bima Purama , Nuryani Ela , Pramudita Marta
Published: October 2019

Korosi merupakan penurunan mutu logam akibat reaksi elektrokimia dengan lingkungannya. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah korosi yaitu dengan cara coating. Coating (pelapisan) merupakan cara melapisi logam dengan suatu bahan, agar logam tersebut terhindar dari korosi. Saat ini banyak penelitian dilakukan menggunakan paduan silika dengan polimer alam, salah satunya penggunaan getah flamboyan.Flamboyan ini memiliki sifat fleksibel dan stabil. Sementara itu material silika terus dikembangkan sebagai materialcoating karena bersifat ramah lingkungan serta bernilai ekonomis. Pembuatan materal coating tersebut dengan cara memadukan silika yang berasal dari waterglass dan getah flamboyan kemudian dilakukan pencelupan baja dengan metode dip coating. Komposisi silika dengan getah flamboyan yang digunakan yaitu 60 :40, dengan konsentrasi waterglass yaitu 30%. Hasil yang diperoleh melalui penelitian ini, bahwa pengaruh asam, basa, dan garam menyebabkan laju korosi meningkat. Semakin kecil pH larutan Laju korosi terbesar terjadi pada larutan asamsulfat dengan nilai 0.00348 g/cm2.jam. Sementara pada uji lingkungan diperoleh laju korosi 1,6E-05 gr/cm2 jam atau 0.179 mm/tahun dimana dalam standar ketahanan korosi material coating ini termasuk dalam range good.
Uji Mekanik Komposit Berpenguat Serat Pandan Duri dan Resin Polyester Dengan Variasi Komposisi Metoda Fraksi Berat
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Putra Reza
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh nilai kekuatan tarik optimaldari komposit berpenguat serat pandan duri dan resin polyester melaluiperbandingan variasi komposisi metoda fraksi berat. Proses pembuatan spesimen uji dengan bahan serat pandan duri dan resin polyester sesuai dengan standar uji tarik ASTM D3039. Variasi perbadingan fraksi berat untuk resin dan seratadalah 30% : 70% ; 40% : 60% dan 50% : 50%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kekuatan tarik maksimal adalah pada perbadingan komposisi komposit 40%berat resin polyester dan 60 % berat serat pandan duri, yaitu 0.45 Kg.f/mm2 dengan nilai beban maksimum rata yang mampu ditahan sebesar 43.87 Kg.f. Darihasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan komposit berpenguat serat pandan duridengan resin polyester telah memenuhi nilai standar minimum untuk sebuahmaterial baru fibreboard berdasarkan ISO 17064:2010.
Pembuatan Asam Asetat dari Air Cucian Kopi Robusta dan Arabika dengan Proses Fermentasi
Authors: Meriatna Meriatna , Lestari Rina
Published: October 2019

Asam asetat atau asam cuka adalah senyawa organik yang mengandung gugus asam karboksilat, yang dikenal sebagai pemberi rasa asam dan aroma dalam makanan. Kandungan glukosa dalam air cucian kopi (arabika dan robusta) memungkinkan untuk difermentasi menjadi asam asetat. Dalam proses fermentasiini glukosa akan diubah menjadi alkohol menggunakan ragi roti (Saccharomycescerevisiae) kemudian alkohol akan diubah menjadi asam asetat menggunakan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik asam asetat berbasis limbah hasil cucian kopi arabika dan robusta. Fermentasi alkohol berlangsung selama 48 jam (anaerob) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan fermentasi asam asetat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan waktu fermentasi yaitu 7, 10 dan 14 hari serta jumlah bakteri yaitu 10, 20, 40 dan 60 ml. Analisa yang dilakukan meliputi kadar asam asetat dilakukan secara volumetrik dengan larutan NaOH 0,1 N, yield asam asetat, densitas serta viskositas. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kadar asam asetat tertinggi pada waktu fermentasi 10 hari dengan jumlah bakteri sebanyak 60 ml yaitu 65,25 g/l untuk kopi arabika dan 62,05 g/l untuk kopi robusta. Yield asam asetat nilai tertinggi pada waktu fermentasi 10 hari dengan jumlah bakteri sebanyak 60 ml yaitu 85,82% untuk kopi arabika dan 78,34 % untuk kopi robusta. Densitas asam asetat nilai tertinggi pada waktu fermentasi 10hari, penambahan jumlah bakteri 60 ml yaitu 1,087 g/ml untuk kopi arabika dan 1,087 untuk kopi robusta. Sementara untuk viskositas diperoleh nilai terbaik padawaktu fermentasi 10 hari dengan penambahan jumlah bakteri 40 ml pada masing-masing jenis air cucian kopi arabika dan robusta yaitu 1,224 Cp Kata Kunci:asam asetat, fermentasi, limbah cair, kopi arabika, kopi robusta
Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi dan Volume Bio Aktivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisme) pada Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dari Limbah Buah-Buahan
Authors: Meriatna Meriatna , Suryati Suryati , Fahri Aulia
Published: October 2019

Pembuatan pupuk organik cair khususnya dari limbah buah-buahan dengan penambahan bio aktivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisme) bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu pembuatan terhadap kandungan Nitrogen (N), Phosfor (P2O5), dan Kalium (K2O) dalam pupuk organik cair, serta menentukan pengaruh bio aktivator EM4 terhadap kandungan N, P, K. Metode pembuatan pupuk organik cair ini yaitu limbah buah-buahan seperti buah semangka, jeruk, dan buah pepaya yang banyak mengandung air dihancurkan sebelum di fermentasikan. Kemudian bio aktivator EM4 disiapkan untuk penambahan dalam limbah buah-buahan yang sudah dikecilkan ukurannya. Limbah buah-buahan dimasukkan ke dalam galon air 5 liter, larutan bio aktivator EM4 kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam galon secara merata. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan variasi waktu 10 hari, 13 hari dan 16 hari serta variasi penambahan jumlah bio aktivator EM4 sebanyak 40 ml, 50 ml, dan 60 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar N, P, K terbaik didapat pada hari ke 13 dengan volume bio aktivator EM4 60 ml, untuk kandungan nitrogen yaitu 13,4 %, untuk kandungan  phosfor 10,92 %, dan untuk kandungan kalium yaitu 6,39 %. Volume bio aktivator EM4 sangat berpengaruh terhadap kandungan N, P, dan K, dikarenakan semakin banyak volume bio aktivator EM4 maka kadar N, P, dan K juga akan semakin tinggi.Kata kunci:effective microorganisme, nitrogen, phosfor, kalium, pupuk organik cairPembuatan pupuk organik cair khususnya dari limbah buah-buahan dengan penambahan bio aktivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisme) bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu pembuatan terhadap kandungan Nitrogen (N), Phosfor (P2O5), dan Kalium (K2O) dalam pupuk organik cair, serta menentukan pengaruh bio aktivator EM4 terhadap kandungan N, P, K. Metode pembuatan pupuk organik cair ini yaitu limbah buah-buahan seperti buah semangka, jeruk, dan buah pepaya yang banyak mengandung air dihancurkan sebelum di fermentasikan. Kemudian bio aktivator EM4 disiapkan untuk penambahan dalam limbah buah-buahan yang sudah dikecilkan ukurannya. Limbah buah-buahan dimasukkan ke dalam galon air 5 liter, larutan bio aktivator EM4 kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam galon secara merata. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan variasi waktu 10 hari, 13 hari dan 16 hari serta variasi penambahan jumlah bio aktivator EM4 sebanyak 40 ml, 50 ml, dan 60 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar N, P, K terbaik didapat pada hari ke 13 dengan volume bio aktivator EM4 60 ml, untuk kandungan nitrogen yaitu 13,4 %, untuk kandungan  phosfor 10,92 %, dan untuk kandungan kalium yaitu 6,39 %. Volume bio aktivator EM4 sangat berpengaruh terhadap kandungan N, P, dan K, dikarenakan semakin banyak volume bio aktivator EM4 maka kadar N, P, dan K juga akan semakin tinggi.
Analisa Aliran Udara Panas pada Drying Chamber Raw Mill PT. Semen Padang menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamic (CDF)
Authors: Afrina Fajrida
Published: October 2019

Drying  chamber  adalah alat  pengering  bahan  baku  semen  yang  akan  digiling dalam raw  mill.  Keefektifan  kerja raw  mill sangat  dipengaruhi  oleh  sistem pengeringan  pada  bahan  baku  yang  akan  digiliing.  Pengeringan  di  dalam drying chamber ini menggunakan udara panas dari kiln exhaust gas aliran ducting string B. Semakin kering bahan akan semakin mudah proses penggilingan. Heat transfer dari  fluida  ke  bahan  yang  akan  dkeringkan sangat  penting  agar  diperoleh pengeringan  yang  optimum.  Penelitian  ini  dilakukan  dengan  tujuan  untuk mengetahui  sacara  teknis faktor  yang  mempemharuhi heat  transfer dari  udara pengering  ke  bahan  yang  dikeringkan  dengan  bantuan  aplikasi computational fluid  dynamic (CFD).  Hasil  simulasi  yang  dilakukan  menggunakan CFD adalah heat transfer berbanding lurus dengan temperature dan velocity udara pengering, namun  berbanding  terbalik  dengan waktu  tinggal  udara  dalam drying  chamber.Heat transfer optimum  yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah pada perlakuan velocity15 mm/s, temperature 300 0C yaitu 901.480 Btu/s. Kata kunci: CFD, drying chamber, heat transfer, velocity, temperatur
Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Menggunakan Pelarut n-Heksana terhadap Rendemen Minyak
Authors: Ibrahim Nasrun , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Rahmah Nurul
Published: October 2019

Indonesia has natural resources that are rich in essential oils. One potential natural resource is lime which can be used as flavor in food. The extraction of lime leaf essential oil using volatile solvent extraction method. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of extraction time on yield, refractive index, and density of essential oils produced. Extraction of lime leaf oil with n-hexane solvent using soxhlet extractors. The old lime leaves that have been cleaned, cut into small pieces and wrapped in filter paper and put in soxhlet. 200 ml n-hexane solvent is inserted in an extractor round bottom flask equipped with coolant. Extraction is carried out at a certain temperature and time depending on the type of solvent used, until the solvent color is returned as before. Then the filtrate was distilled to be purified, so that lime leaf oil was obtained separately from the solvent. Essential oils are then tested for yield, refractive index, and density contained in essential oils. The results of the study were extraction of lime leaves with n-hexane solvent, the highest yield obtained at a sample weightof 200 grams with an extraction time of 180 minutes which was 3.11%. The highest oil refractive index was also obtained at a sample weight of 200 grams with an extraction time of 180 minutes which was 1.47, while the density of essential oil from lime leaves was 0.79gr/ml.Keywords: essential oil, lime leaf, extraction, n-heksana
Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Kulit Pisang Kepok dengan Cara Fermentasi menggunakan Ragi Roti
Authors: Bahri Syamsul , Aji Amri , Yani Fadlina
Published: October 2019

Kulit pisang kepok selama ini hanya dianggap sebagai limbah industri rumah tangga yang belum termanfaatkan dengan baik. Komponen kulit pisang terbesar adalah air dan karbohidrat, dimana karbohidrat dapat dikonversi menjadi glukosa yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol. Bioetanol adalah etanol yang bahan utamanya dari tumbuhan dan umumnya menggunakan proses fermentasi. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh waktu fermentasi dan volume starter terhadap bioetanol yang dihasilkan. Pada penelitian ini kulit pisang kepok dihidrolisis dengan menggunakan HCL 5% dengan suhu 100 selama 90 menit, selanjutnya di tambahkan starter dengan jumlah 100 ml, 200 ml, 300 ml, 400 ml. Kemudian di fermentasi dengan waktu 4, 6, 8, dan 10 hari. Setelah proses fermentasi selesai selanjutnya dilakukan proses penyaringan menggunakan kertas saring. Hasil yang diperoleh dimurnikan menggunakan metode distilasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin lama waktu fermentasi dan semakin banyak starter yang digunakan maka semakin banyak etanol yang dihasilkan. Pada variasi waktu fermentasi diperoleh waktu terbaik fermentasi yaitu pada waktu 8 hari dengan volume starter 400 ml kadar etanol yang diperoleh yaitu 67% sebanyak 35 ml. Kata kunci: kulit pisang kepok, bioetanol, fermentasi, distilasi
Aplikasi Kontrol PID pada Reaktor Pabrik Asam Formiat dengan Kapasitas 100.000 Ton/Tahun
Authors: Z.A Nasrul , Roja Yonita Putri , Sylvia Novi
Published: October 2019

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) atau Reaktor Alir Tangki Berpengaduk(RATB) merupakan salah satu jenis reaktor yang umumnya berbentuk bejana danbekerja secara kontinyu. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) banyakdigunakan untuk reaksi-reaksi homogen fase cair tanpa katalis maupun dengankatalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan respon terbaik kontrol PIDdengan menggunakan metode trial and error pada nilai Kc, Ti, dan Td. Metodetrial and error adalah adalah metode mencari nilai parameter dengan caramencoba-coba suatu nilai tertentu sebagai parameter sampai didapat sebuahperformansi kontrol PID yang terbaik. Sistem kontrol PID merupakan controlleruntuk menentukan presisi suatu sistem instrumentasi dengan karakteristik adanyaumpan balik pada sistem tersebut (Feed back). Adapun metodologi penelitian iniadalah membuat model steady state Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR),kemudian mengubah model steady state menjadi model dynamic, lalu membuatmodel kontrol PID, setelah itu melakukan tuning terhadap kontrol PID danmelakukan pengujian terhadap kontrol PID, dengan melakukan gangguan padaset point. Nilai Kc = 8, Ti = 1 dan Td = 0 respon waktu rata-ratanya 0,815 menit, sebuah sistem pengendalian suhu yang dapat diterapkan untuk mendapatkanwaktu yang paling optimal. Nilai Kc = 10, Ti = 4 dan Td = 0 waktu rata-ratanya1,257 menit sebuah sistem pengendalian suhu yang memiliki waktu yang kurangoptimal. Kata Kunci: Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), PID, Set Point.
Educación ambiental, mujeres y la Pampa Gaucha/Brasil: apuntes de una investigación
Authors: Corrêa Pereira Schlee Juliana , Corrêa Henning Paula , Costa Ribeiro Paula Regina
Published: October 2019

El artículo que se presenta tiene como objetivo traer algunos apuntes teóricos y metodológicos de una disertación de máster del Programa de posgrado en educación ambiental al mirar para las relaciones entre las mujeres, la Pampa y la Educación Ambiental (2019). Los caminos teóricos y metodológicos fueron acogidos a partir de lecturas de autores de la filosofía de la diferencia, como Friedrich Nietzsche y Michel Foucault. Como estrategia metodológica fueron realizadas una búsqueda a partir de las narrativas de tres mujeres ambientalistas de la pampa. Se potencian la escritura a partir de las articulaciones entre Pampa y Educación Ambiental, contribuyendo a pensar otros modos de relaciones con el mundo y con la vida. Las mujeres aquí analizadas narran sus relaciones con la naturaleza y con la educación ambiental movilizadas por una especie de sentimiento pampeano. Tal sentimiento posee vestigios de la cultura y de la historia pampeana. Se atraviesa en sus vidas, una educación con intenso llamamiento por las relaciones de pertenencia ambiental, entendiendo lo humano como parte de la naturaleza.
El cine tiene la razón. La educación editada
Authors: Gutiérrez Valencia Karolaim
Published: October 2019

Acercar el cine a la academia y la academia al cine es una de las principales pretensiones de la trilogía que en adelante se presenta, la cual nace a partir del entretejido entre tres reconocidas películas de culto y tres grandes razones que demuestran porque la sinrazón de la razón no escapa a la educación; Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind develará la rebeldía de la emoción, Dogville, los siete excesos más pecaminosas de la conducta humana, y, finalmente, The Truman Show, producirá aquellos sesgos cognitivos que distorsionan aquellas certezas disfrazadas de verdades. En la escena final, la gran pantalla se proyecta como magia, que de tocar a los textos académicos, les permitiría ganar espectadores, más allá, de sus mismos creadores.
Customers’ perceptions of selection criteria used by Islamic bank customers in Sudan: The importance of Shariah compliance
Authors: Mansour Ilham Hassan Fathelrahman
Published: October 2019

This paper attempts to investigate the importance of Shariah compliance compared to other criteria that influence the selection of Islamic banks in Sudan, a total Islamic banking system in which the “Islamic” variable is supposed to be constant.  Primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires distributed to a sample of 393 respondents from bank locations in the capital of Khartoum state. The perceptions on the importance of choice criteria ranked by the respondents were analyzed using mean analysis and independent t-test. Exploratory factor analysis is employed to provide a more holistic view of the bank choice criteria. The customers of Sudanese Islamic banks prioritized Shariah compliance factors over another selection criterion. We conclude that although all banks work under the Islamic system, consumers were most concerned with the extent to which their bank services are adhering to Islamic principles. Other factors deemed important were “Experience and third-party influence”, followed by staff competency, convenience, service quality, bank reputation, and customer care. Most studies have focused on countries with mixed conventional and Islamic banking systems (Arab and other Muslim countries). This study aims to contribute to the development of a better understanding of the determinants of Islamic bank selection in Sudan, an Arab African country characterized by a strong Islamic culture and a total Islamic banking system.
A Case of Multiple Antibiotic-Associated Hepatotoxicity in an Infant
Authors: Postnikov S. S. , Teplova N. V. , Nikolaev V. V. , Abdullaev F, K. , Solontsov Yu. N. , Ermilin A. E. , Kostyleva M. N. , Gracianskaya Anna N.
Published: October 2019

Drug induced liver injury is one of the most frequent reasons for stopping treatment and the main cause of the onset and progression of acute liver failure, requiring liver transplantation. In children antibacterial drugs are on the first place in terms of hepatotoxicity, and the hepatocellular type is the most common type of liver damage. Often there is crosssensitivity within the same group of antibiotics, for example, beta-lactams. The aim: to analyze the causes of drug hepatotoxicity in the infant child while taking antibacterial agents. The article presents a clinical case of multiple hepatotoxicity caused by antibacterial agents such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfanilamides in one infant child, which suggests its genetic basis. It was shown that during therapy it is important to take into account the risk factors for hepatotoxicity (age, concomitant pathology, potential drug interactions with simultaneous use) and regularly evaluate the patient’s condition taking into account possible liver damage (including laboratory tests).
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL FIDUSIA TERHADAP PENITIPAN BARANG DARI PERSERO PEGADAIAN KEPADA DEBITUR
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Taufich , Roestamy Martin , Suhartini Endeh
Published: October 2019

This study aims: 1) To find out and analyze the development of fiduciary models for safekeeping of goods from PT. Pegadaian to the debtor, 2) To find out and analyze the execution of fiduciary guarantees at PT. Pegadaian if the debtor defaults. The research method used in this study is a normative juridical study that uses a qualitative approach. The results of this study are: 1) Development of the fiduciary model for safekeeping of goods from the PT. Pegadaian to the debtor, namely the Fiduciary Installment Credit System (KREASI), where the credit facility is subject to the provisions applicable to fiduciary law. Debtors who need funds do not hand over objects used as collateral to PT. Pegadaian as a creditor. 2) Execution of fiduciary guarantees at PT. Pegadaian if the debtor defaults, in the execution of fiduciary guarantees at PT. Pegadaian there are differences of opinion between PT. Pegadaian with the State Receivables and Auction Service Office (KP2LN). PT. Pegadaian states that the execution of fiduciary guarantees is carried out on its own with reference to the Basic Rules of PT. Pegadaian. Whereas KP2LN believes that the one authorized to carry out fiduciary guarantees is KP2LN with reference to the Fiduciary Law. In this case the author agrees with KP2LN because the legal basis of the Fiduciary Law is stronger than the Basic Rules of PT. Pegadaian.
FACTORS RELATED TO CONTINUATION OF MANGO CULTIVATION
Authors: Rachmah Alisabela Dhiya , Rasmikayati Elly , Saefudin Bobby Rachmat
Published: October 2019

Usually, commodities shift occurs from food crops to commercial crops, such as horticulture with the aim of improving the welfare of farmer’s life. However, a different situation happened in Sedong Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency where mango farmers switched to paddy cultivation which is a non commercial crop. Most mango farmers began to abandon mango cultivation and made paddy cultivation as their main livelihood. Therefore this research aimed at analyzing the factors underlying the farmer’s decisions to abandon or continue mango cultivation and describing the potential and constraints of mango cultivation. Samples taken were 65 farmers in Sedong Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency consisting of 30 present-grower of mango who also experienced paddy cultivation and 35 past-grower of mango who switched to paddy cultivation. The research method used is the survey research method with data analysis using descriptive statistics and crosstabulation analysis with the fisher exact test. The results showed that the factors related to the farmer's decision to abandon or continue mango cultivation consisted of age, farmer's perception of mango cultivation, risk taking attitude, land tenure status, land area, and farmer group membership. Mango farming has easy transportation in the marketing activities provided by traders, as well as ease of access to credit bunt only for large scale farmers. The constraints felt by farmers in conducting mango farming consist of limited capital for small farmers,
Aquatic vegetation (Lemnetea) in Baikal Siberia
Authors: Chepinoga V. V. , Rosbakh S. A.
Published: October 2019

Communities of free floating plants in the reservoirs of Baikal Siberia (incl. Irkutsk Region, Republic of Burya­tia, Zabaikalsky Territory) are described. ­Using the Braun-Blanquet approach the classification of aquatic plant communities is developed. Eight associations have been identified, belonging to three alliances and three orders. The order Ceratophyllo–Hydrocharitetalia morsus-ranae Chepinoga et Rosbakh ord. nov. and the association Utricularietum macrorhizae Chepinoga et Rosbakh ass. nov. are described as new ones. The name of the association Lemno–Spirodeletum polyrhizae Koch 1954 is typified. Numerical methods for revealing and testing diagnostic, constant and dominant species have been applied. For each association the main synonyms as well as information about structure, ecology, and general and regional distributions are provided. Some features of classification of aquatic vegetation are discussed.
Descriptions of new associations and subassociations with limited alteration of floristic composition
Authors: Golub V. B. , Sorokin A. N. , Grechushkina N. A.
Published: October 2019

Halophytic plant communities of the Russian coast of the Azov Sea are described. It is proposed to limit variation in the floristic composition of the syntaxa by logical formulas based on the “Cocktail” method. Four new associations and two subassociations of the class Juncetea maritimi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 are distinguished.
Classification of communities with invasive species in the South Urals. II. Communities with a presence of genera Cyclachaena Fresen. and Xanthium L. species
Authors: Abramova L. M.
Published: October 2019

This article is the second part of the series of publications on vegetation classification of communities with invasive species in the South Urals (Abramova, 2011). The communities with a presence of two aggressive species of North American origin such as Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. and Xanthium albinum (Widd.) H. Scholz. are presented. Both species are included in “The black book of flora of the Central Russia” (Vinogradova et al., 2010). Research was conducted during 2000–2009 in the territory of Bashkortostan Republic. Species invasion in the region and their naturalization on flood plains of the South Urals was noted (Abramova, Anufriyev, 2008; Abramova, 2014; Abramova, Nurmiyeva, 2014). In the centers of invasion of mentioned species 110 complete geobotanical descriptions of communities on trial platforms of 4–100 m² were executed. Classification of communities with the invasive species is carried out according to the Braun-Blanquet method with application of the deductive method (Kopečky, Hejny, 1974). The allocated syntaxa were compared to units earlier described in Bashkortostan Republic and other regions (Vegetace …, 2009; Yamalov et al., 2012; etc.).
Aquatic vegetation of the South Urals (Bashkortostan Republic). II. Class Potametea
Authors: Golovanov Ya. M. , Yamalov S. MN. , Baktybaeva Z. B. , Petrov s. S.
Published: October 2019

Republic of Bashkortostan (51º 34ʹ–56º 31ʹ N and 53º 08ʹ–59º 59ʹ E) covers an area of 143.6 thousand km2 stretching fr om north to south about 550 km, from west to east — 440 km. Its territory is located within the Southern Urals and adjacent plains. The relief is complex and diverse, strongly dissected. Elevations range from 60 to 1640 m above sea level.
Psammophyte vegetation of the Selenga river basin (Republic of Buryatia)
Authors: Dulepova N. A. , Korolyuk A. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Modern aeolian relief is widespread in the forest-steppe landscapes of Transbaikalia. Valleys of the Selenga River and its inflows are the areas covered by ancient sandy deposits. Human impact in dry climatic conditions causes intensive wind erosion and formation of open and moving sands covered with sparse plants. The flora and vegetation of such landscapes notably differ from surrounding territories. It’s particularity is caused by presence and domination of plant species usually seen on open sands. Despite of numerous publications describing the sandy dunes of Transbaikalia, the psammophyte vegetation and natural dynamics of sandy landscapes are poorly documented. This study presents the analysis of 398 relevés describing psammophyte vegetation from the South-West Transbaikalia (Selenginsky, Dzhidinsky, Kyakhtinsky and Bichursky administrative disticts of the Republic of Buryatia).
Syntaxonomy of larch open woodlands on West-Siberian plain
Authors: Lashchinskiy N. N. , Lashchinskaya N. V.
Published: October 2019

Larch open woodlands fr om West Siberian forest-tundra zone are described based on 119 original rele­vйs performed by authors in 2009–2016 years in central part of the West Siberian plain between 65.5–67.5°N.
Family-based Behavioral Treatment Leads to Parental Report of Healthier Food Choices and Exercise of School-aged Children
Authors: Blanton Cindy
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this evidence-based quantitative quasi-experimental project was to compare presenting information of the evidence-based Stoplight Diet and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) exercise recommendations, to parents’ reports of initial changes of healthier foods and drink choices and changes in exercise level of their child. Participants included families of children ages 6-9 at a pediatric primary care office in southeast United States (U.S.). The theory of planned behavior is the theoretical framework often used to assess health awareness and promote healthy food and drink choices in addition to increased levels of exercise. The clinical questions are: does implementation of a family-based behavior treatment of presenting information on the evidence-based Stoplight Diet lead to parental reporting of initial changes in healthier food and drink choices of their child? Does implementation of a family-based behavioral treatment of presenting information on CDC exercise recommendations lead to parents reporting initial change in their child’s exercise level? A quantitative pre-intervention and post-intervention design was used and data was analyzed through SPSS using paired t-tests. The intervention had a significant effect of increasing the servings of fruits and vegetables (p=0.001), decreasing the number of times a week a child eats take out (p=0.016), and increasing the time of active play (p=0.049). This project influenced awareness of healthy foods and drinks and exercise of families. Future considerations may include a longer duration of the intervention for evaluations of sustainability.
Seven years of arboreal pollen monitoring in the İğneada waterlogged forests (NW Turkey)
Authors: KARLIOĞLU KILIÇ Nurgül
Published: October 2019

This study was carried out in the İğneada Waterlogged Forests (Kırklareli) located downhill of Istranca mountains at 20 km distance to Bulgaria border line and had a shore to Black Sea. These forests have different vegetation types such as waterlogged forest, peat, bog and sand dunes plant communities, sand zone and wetlands. The main arboreal species of these forests are Acer campestre, Acer trautvetteri, Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus, Carpinus orientalis, Fraxinus angustifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Juglans regia, Quercus cerris, Quercus frainetto, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Ulmus leavis and Ulmus minor. Pollen monitoring results were obtained from six different sampling sites in the waterlogged forests around Mert and Saka Lake. The purpose of this study is to determine the modern pollen distribution of these forests and to create a basic calibration scheme for the fossil pollen studies. For this purpose, seven years of modern pollen distribution was monitored between September 2009 and 2016 using Tauber pollen traps which were placed at 6 different points in this study area. These traps were changed once a year in the field and transferred to the Palynology Laboratory of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa. The protocol of European Pollen Monitoring Programme (EPMP) was followed in the laboratory methodology. The majority of the pollen influx obtained from the Tauber pollen traps in the İğneada Waterlogged forests belongs to Fraxinus and Carpinus from 2009 to 2016.  As a result of this study, the annual arboreal pollen influxes of Fraxinus, Carpinus, Quercus, Acer, Corylus, Ulmus, Hedera helix and Alnus was higher respectively in the years of  2009-2016.  Seven-year pollen influx data of these pollen traps reflects the current vegetation.
A pedagogical approach to convert left into right-hand limit
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: October 2019

The title of this microarticle is self explanatory. One example is included.
Validitas,Reliabilitas, Praktikalitas dan Efektifitas Bahan Ajar Cetak Meliputi Handout, Modul dan Buku
Authors: Azis Hasbi
Published: October 2019

Bahan ajar merupakan bagian penting dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan. Melalui bahan ajar guru atau dosen akan lebih mudah dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran dan peserta didik akan lebih terbantu dan mudah dalam belajar. Bahan ajar dapat dibuat dalam berbagai bentuk sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik materi ajar yang akan disajikan. Bahan ajar yang dibuat perlu dilakukan validitas, reliabilitas, praktikalitas serta efektivitasnya sebelum digunakan oleh peserta didik. Hal ini bertujuan agar bahan ajar yang dikembangkan memiliki kualitas yang baik. Oleh karena itu, pada makalah ini akan membahas tentang validitas, reliabilitas, praktikalitas dan efektivitas bahan ajar cetak yang pada makalah ini yaitu handout, modul, buku (diktat, buku ajar, buku teks) sehingga dapat dijadikan pedoman oleh guru dalam memilih bahan ajar yang akan digunakan dan mengembangkan bahan ajar.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Cetak (Pengertian, Jenis-jenis dan Karakteristik)
Authors: Azis Hasbi
Published: October 2019

Bahan ajar merupakan sumber belajar esensial dan penting yang diperlukan pembelaja-ran dari mata pelajaran di sekolah untuk mendo-rong efisien guru dan meningkatkan kinerja sis-wa. Dengan bahan ajar membuat pembelajaran lebih menarik, praktis, dan realistik. Disamping itu penggunaan bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran memungkingkan baik guru dan siswa dapat ber-patisipasi secara aktif dan membuat pembelajaran lebih efektif. (Festiyed 2017). Pembelajaran cetak dapat diartikan sebagai perangkat bahan yang memuat materi atau isi pelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang dituangkan dengan menggunakan teknologi cetak. Suatu bahan pembelajaran cetak memuat materi yang berupa ide, fakta, konsep, prinsip, kaidah, atau teori yang tercangkup dalam mata pelajaran sesuai dengan disiplin ilmunya serta informasi lainnya dalam pembelajaran.
Analisis kebijakan penyediaan transportasi darat diperkotaan padat penduduk
Authors: syaharauli
Published: October 2019

Analisis kebijakan penyediaan transportasi darat di daerah perkotaan padat penduduk
Do Cross-Cultural Psychological Differences Vary with Social Class, Age, and Gender? A Japan-U.S. Comparison of Cognitive Style and Social Orientation.
Authors: Kitayama Shinobu , Karasawa Mayumi , Grossmann Igor , Na Jinkyung , Varnum Michael E. W. , NISBETT Richard E.
Published: October 2019

Previous work assessing psychological tendencies across cultures suggests that East Asians are more holistic in cognition (e.g., extending attention to the context in object perception) and interdependent in social orientation (e.g., feeling happy when connected with others) than European Americans. However, little is known about the possible moderation of these findings by age and social class because of this literature’s near-exclusive focus on young and highly educated segments of the respective populations. The neglect of these demographic variables has persisted even though different theories predict divergent effects of such variables. Here, we addressed this gap by testing a comprehensive set of eleven holistic cognition measures and six interdependent social orientation measures in random samples of Japanese and Americans who varied in age, educational attainment, and gender (N = 666). The previously reported cultural variation proved highly stable across the subpopulations. Though other demographic factors played a significant role for both cognitive style and social orientation, their combined contribution was 14-18 times smaller than the effects of national culture. We discuss implications for the existing theories of culture.
Relationships and Resilience in Young adults from Fragmented and Discordant Households in India
Authors: Aayushi
Published: October 2019

India witnesses high rates of intimate partner violence [37.7% incidence in the South East Asia zone per WHO data, 2012]. Taboos about marital separation and divorce exist across socioeconomic strata, meaning, a large number of Indian children grow up in discordant households witness chronic abuse of one or both parents. Another belief that binds many discordant partners is that separation or divorce leads to poor mental health and personality outcomes in progenies, long term. On the contrary, prior studies in Western samples have shown that there are significant negative outcomes for individuals vicariously exposed early childhood adversity including a discordant or violent household. The objective of this study was to assess whether resilience, a key personality attribute, differs among college-aged individuals who grew up in traditional two-parent households without conflict, a discordant household or a single parent household. 116 participants aged 18-24 (M=20.3 SD= 1.2, 86F) were recruited at Ashoka University. Resilience scores were calculated using The Resilience Scale. A two-way ANOVA examining the effect of family structure and gender on resilience score showed that family structure but not gender has a direct effect on resilience scores [ F (2, 116) = 3.122 p=0.048] but the effect is barely significant. Post hoc (Bonferroni) testing indicated that individuals from single-parent households (M=136, SD=19.01) or discordant households (M=134, SD= 17.81, p=0.50) tended to score higher on resilience than individuals from two-parent, non-conflicted families (M=121.05, SD= 20.53, p=0.066). Contrary to popular belief, results suggest that growing up in traditional two-parent households do not offer any significant advantage over single-parent households as far as resilience is concerned. These results provide initial evidence against existing social taboos and can be expanded upon for further cross-cultural validation. Further, a qualitative study explores the experiences of relationships of young adults from the three family types.
Controlling, Confounding, and Construct Clarity: A Response to Criticisms of 'Revisiting the Marshmallow Test'
Authors: Watts Tyler W. , Duncan Greg J.
Published: October 2019

Longitudinal studies of development often rely on correlational methods to examine linkages between early-life constructs and later-life outcomes. As highlighted by responses to our article, “Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes,” interpretations of these linkages can be difficult. In this commentary, we address criticisms that our approach “over-controlled” for key factors related to a child’s ability to delay gratification, allay concerns over multicollinearity, and discuss how multivariate regression techniques can help clarify the interpretation of observed predictive relations.
The topographical organization of motor processing: An ALE meta-analysis on six action domains and the relevance of Broca’s region
Authors: Papitto Giorgio , Friederici Angela D. , Zaccarella Emiliano
Published: October 2019

Action is a cover term used to refer to a large set of motor processes differing in domain specificities (e.g. execution or observation). Here we review neuroimaging evidence on action processing (N = 416; Subjects = 5912) using quantitative Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) and Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modelling (MACM) approaches to delineate the functional specificities of six domains: (1) Action Execution, (2) Action Imitation, (3) Motor Imagery, (4) Action Observation, (5) Motor Learning, (6) Motor Preparation. Our results show distinct functional patterns for the different domains with convergence in posterior BA44 (pBA44) for execution, imitation and imagery processing. The functional connectivity network seeding in the motor-based localized cluster of pBA44 differs from the connectivity network seeding in the (language-related) anterior BA44. The two networks implement distinct cognitive functions. We propose that the motor-related network encompassing pBA44 is recruited when processing movements requiring a mental representation of the action itself.
Conflicted Religionists: Measuring political backlash on salient issues
Authors: Bock Sean
Published: October 2019

Scholars have pointed to politics as a key reason for why people leave religion, arguing that the national-level rise of the Christian Right has resulted in a “political backlash” of sorts, driving liberals and moderates away from their affiliations. Recent studies have advanced the political backlash model by emphasizing the process at lower levels, measuring broad political disagreement within congregations and subsequent disaffiliation among religionists. I argue that while studying political disagreement at the congregational level is a step in the right direction, the role of conflict on specific, salient issues has been underemphasized. Using data from the Baylor Religion Survey, I exploit a unique set of items to analyze what I call “conflicted religionists”—religionists who experience attitudinal conflict with their churches—and I measure conflict on two salient issues: same-sex marriage and abortion. I find that there is a considerable proportion of conflicted religionists on both issues and that the probability of experiencing conflict varies drastically across different groups in the sample. I further demonstrate that experiencing conflict is significantly associated with lower church attendance. I conclude with a discussion of the importance of salient issues for our understanding of political backlash and future disaffiliation.