bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of photoluminescent inorganic–organic hybrid carbon dots codoped with B and N: towards an efficient lubrication additive
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Cai Tao , Shang Wangji , Liu Dan , Guo Qiang , Liu Shenggao
Published: August 2017

An inorganic-organic carbon dots consisting of an ionic liquid moiety inserted in the carbon skeleton has been synthesized and verified to be a high-performance anti-wear and friction-reducing lubricant additives in poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG).
Analytical methods to assess the oxidative potential of nanoparticles: a review
Authors: Hellack Bryan , Nickel Carmen , Albrecht Catrin , Kuhlbusch Thomas A. J. , Boland Sonja , Baeza-Squiban Armelle , Wohlleben Wendel , Schins Roel P. F.
Published: August 2017

This review provides an overview of different methods to determine the oxidative potential of nanoparticles, their pros and cons and their potential applicability towards improved hazard assessment of nanoparticles.
Investigations into titanium dioxide nanoparticle and pesticide interactions in aqueous environments
Authors: Ilina Svetlana M. , Ollivier Patrick , Slomberg Danielle , Baran Nicole , Pariat Anne , Devau Nicolas , Sani-Kast Nicole , Scheringer Martin , Labille Jérôme
Published: August 2017

The influence of three pesticides (glyphosate, AMPA and 2,4-D) on the colloidal fate of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs; anatase and rutile) has been investigated under aqueous conditions of variable chemical composition (Na+ or Ca2+), ionic strength (IS, 10−4–10−1 M), and pH (5 or 8).
Synergistic effects of engineered nanoparticles and organics released from laser printers using nano-enabled toners: potential health implications from exposures to the emitted organic aerosol
Authors: Chalbot Marie-Cecile G. , Pirela Sandra V. , Schifman Laura , Kasaraneni Varun , Oyanedel-Craver Vinka , Bello Dhimiter , Castranova Vincent , Qian Yong , Thomas Treye , Kavouras Ilias G. , Demokritou Philip
Published: August 2017

Engineered nanomaterials released from nano-enabled toners result in formation of high molecular weight PAHs.
The efficacy and environmental implications of engineered TiO2 nanoparticles in a commercial floor coating
Authors: Bi Yuqiang , Zaikova Tatiana , Schoepf Jared , Herckes Pierre , Hutchison James E. , Westerhoff Paul
Published: August 2017

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have diverse applications in consumer products, but few studies weigh the improved product performance resulting from the inclusion of an ENM against the unintended consequences of released ENM.
Stabilization of anthocyanins in blackberry juice by glutathione fortification
Authors: Stebbins Nathan B. , Howard Luke R. , Prior Ronald L. , Brownmiller Cindi , Mauromoustakos Andy
Published: August 2017

Blackberry anthocyanins provide attractive color and antioxidant activity.
Influence of flavonol-rich excipient food (onion peel and Dendropanax morbifera) on the bioavailability of green tea epicatechins in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Choi Eun-Hye , Lee Da-Yeon , Kim SuKyung , Chung Jin-Oh , Choi Jin-Kyu , Joo Kyung-Mi , Jeong Hyun Woo , Kim Jeong Kee , Kim Wan Gi , Shim Soon-Mi
Published: August 2017

The impacts of onion peel andDendropanax morbifera, on the digestive recovery, intestinal absorption, and pharmacokinetics of GT epicatechins were studied.
Substituent effects on the basicity (pKa) of aryl guanidines and 2-(arylimino)imidazolidines: correlations of pH-metric and UV-metric values with predictions from gas-phase ab initio bond lengths
Authors: Dardonville Christophe , Caine Beth A. , Navarro de la Fuente Marta , Martín Herranz Guillermo , Corrales Mariblanca Beatriz , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: August 2017

The AIBLHiCoS method accurately predicts the pKavalues of 2-(arylimino)imidazolidines using only a singleab initiobond length.
Pore structure improvement of carbon aerogel and investigation of the supercapacitive behavior of a Co3O4nanoball/carbon aerogel composite
Authors: Zomorodian Esfahani Majid , Aghaei Alireza , Khosravi Mohsen , Bagheri Narjes , Khakpour Zahra , Javaheri Masoumeh
Published: August 2017

In the present study, hybrid nanostructures of porous Co3O4nanoball/carbon aerogel were preparedviathein situgrowth of Co3O4nanoballs with nanosized uniform structures within the pores of a pre-synthesized atmospheric pressure-dried highly mesoporous carbon aerogel.
First hyperpolarizabilities of Pt(4-ethynylbenzo-15-crown-5)2(bpy) derivatives with the complexation of mono-cations (Li+, Na+, K+) and di-cations (Mg2+, Ca2+): development of a cation detector
Authors: Yu Hai-Ling , Wang Wen-Yong , Hong Bo , Si Yan-Ling , Ma Tian-Liang , Zheng Ran
Published: August 2017

The coordination of mono-cations and di-cations onto the crown merits the design of the NLO-based cation detector.
Folic acid-conjugated carbon dots as green fluorescent probes based on cellular targeting imaging for recognizing cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Xuewei , Zhang Junli , Shi Lihong , Xian Ming , Dong Chuan , Shuang Shaomin
Published: August 2017

Green fluorescent CDs using the natural product dandelion as a carbon source were covalently conjugated with folate to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells.
Orientation-controllable growth of Co3O4 single nanocrystals using a BiCoO3 target by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Chen Deyang , Hsu Shang-Lin , Yadav Ajay K. , Clarkson James D.
Published: August 2017

A novel approach is proposed to synthesize orientation-controllable single nanocrystal Co3O4 using PLD by the decomposition of BiCoO3.
Optical control of GPR40 signalling in pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Frank James Allen , Yushchenko Dmytro A. , Fine Nicholas H. F. , Duca Margherita , Citir Mevlut , Broichhagen Johannes , Hodson David J. , Schultz Carsten , Trauner Dirk
Published: August 2017

Fatty acids activate GPR40 and K+ channels to modulate β-cell function.
Effects of electron transfer on the stability of hydrogen bonds
Authors: Porter Tyler M. , Heim Gavin P. , Kubiak Clifford P.
Published: August 2017

The measurement of the dimerization constants of hydrogen-bonded ruthenium complexes (12, 22, 32) linked by a self-complementary pair of 4-pyridylcarboxylic acid ligands in different redox states is reported.
Facile in situ synthesis of crystalline VOOH-coated VS2microflowers with superior sodium storage performance
Authors: Li Wenbin , Huang Jianfeng , Feng Liangliang , Cao Liyun , Feng Yongqiang , Wang Haijing , Li Jiayin , Yao Chunyan
Published: August 2017

Crystalline VOOH-coated VS2microflowers constructed from nanosheets arein situprepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal method.
In situ growth of a TiO2 layer on a flexible Ti substrate targeting the interface recombination issue of BiVO4 photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting
Authors: Gu Jiuwang , Huang Qitong , Yuan Yufei , Ye Kai-Hang , Wang Zilong , Mai Wenjie
Published: August 2017

In situ growth of a TiO2 layer targeting the substrate interface recombination issue of BiVO4 photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting.
Maximizing the utilization of Fe–NxC/CNx centres for an air-cathode material and practical demonstration of metal–air batteries
Authors: Nandan R. , Gautam A. , Nanda K. K.
Published: August 2017

Maximum exposure of electroactive sites in NCNTs via opening of nitrogen-enriched bamboo compartments for excellent overall oxygen electrochemistry and practical viability in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Covalently-controlled drug delivery via therapeutic methacrylic tissue adhesives
Authors: Wright Zoe M. , Holt Brian D. , Sydlik Stefanie A.
Published: August 2017

Therapeutic methacrylic (TMA) monomers lend local, covalently-controlled release of therapeutics, tunable mechanical properties, and increased cytocompatibility to cyanoacrylate medical adhesives.
A novel fluorophore based on the coupling of AIE and ESIPT mechanisms and its application in biothiol imaging
Authors: Chen Qing , Jia Chunman , Zhang Yinfeng , Du Wei , Wang Yile , Huang Yan , Yang Qiuyun , Zhang Qi
Published: August 2017

A novel fluorophore TPE-HBT was designed based on the intersection of tetraphenylethene (TPE) and 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT).
Single quantum dot rectifying diode with tunable threshold voltage
Authors: Kenath Gopal S. , Maity Piyali , Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Hemant , Gangwar Vinod K. , Chaterjee Sandip , Jit Satyabrata , Ghosh Anup K. , Pal Bhola N.
Published: August 2017

An ambient atmosphere single quantum dot (QDs) rectifying diode with tunable threshold voltage has been fabricated using cobalt (Co) doped CdS QDs with a device structure of ITO/ZnO/QDs.
Discrete face-to-face stacking of anthracene inducing high-efficiency excimer fluorescence in solids via a thermally activated phase transition
Authors: Shen Yue , Liu Haichao , Zhang Shitong , Gao Yu , Li Bao , Yan Yan , Hu Yongsheng , Zhao Lijuan , Yang Bing
Published: August 2017

High-efficiency excimer fluorescence of mTPA-9-AN is realized by a thermally-activated phase transition process.
Application of ferrite layers in low‐profile OLED drivers
Authors: Kundrata Jurica , Baric Adrijan
Published: August 2017

Driver of a low‐profile organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) luminary due to space constraints uses a planar inductor with ferrite layers to realise desired inductive properties. This study presents the analysis of usage of ferrite layers with single‐coil and double‐coil windings in the OLED driver. The model based on magnetic circuits is used to analyse the inductance and the quality factor. The influence of the winding dimensions and the ferrite layers is analysed. The analysis is verified by electromagnetic simulations and measurements. The results of vector network analyser measurements show that the double‐coil design has the maximum inductance ∼80% and maximum quality factor ∼10% larger than the single‐coil design. The measurements of the planar inductors in the OLED driver show that the best‐case single‐coil and double‐coil inductors have a similar efficiency, but the double‐coil inductor has a 35% smaller current ripple which leads to better EMC performance of the driver. It is concluded that it is sufficient that the ferrite layer covers the inductor, i.e. it does not have to be much larger than the inductor to achieve good performance.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Churning through the Milky Way
Authors: Hayden M. R. , Recio-Blanco A. , de Laverny P. , Mikolaitis S. , Guiglion G. , Hill V. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Bayo A. , Bensby T. , Bergemann M. , Bragaglia A. , Casey A. , Costado M. , Feltzing S. , Franciosini E. , Hourihane A. , Jofre P. , Koposov S. , Kordopatis G. , Lanzafame A. , Lardo C. , Lewis J. , Lind K. , Magrini L. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Pancino E. , Sacco G. , Stonkute E. , Worley C. C. , Zwitter T.
Published: August 2017

Context. There have been conflicting results with respect to the extent that radial migration has played in the evolution of the Galaxy. Additionally, observations of the solar neighborhood have shown evidence of a merger in the past history of the Milky Way that drives enhanced radial migration.

Aims. We attempt to determine the relative fraction of stars that have undergone significant radial migration by studying the orbital properties of metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.1) stars within 2 kpc of the Sun. We also aim to investigate the kinematic properties, such as velocity dispersion and orbital parameters, of stellar populations near the Sun as a function of [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H], which could show evidence of a major merger in the past history of the Milky Way.

Methods. We used a sample of more than 3000 stars selected from the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We used the stellar parameters from the Gaia-ESO Survey along with proper motions from PPMXL to determine distances, kinematics, and orbital properties for these stars to analyze the chemodynamic properties of stellar populations near the Sun.

Results. Analyzing the kinematics of the most metal-rich stars ([Fe/H] > 0.1), we find that more than half have small eccentricities (e< 0.2) or are on nearly circular orbits. Slightly more than 20% of the metal-rich stars have perigalacticons Rp> 7 kpc. We find that the highest [Mg/Fe], metal-poor populations have lower vertical and radial velocity dispersions compared to lower [Mg/Fe] populations of similar metallicity by ~10 km s-1. The median eccentricity increases linearly with [Mg/Fe] across all metallicities, while the perigalacticon decreases with increasing [Mg/Fe] for all metallicities. Finally, the most [Mg/Fe]-rich stars are found to have significant asymmetric drift and rotate more than 40 km s-1 slower than stars with lower [Mg/Fe] ratios.

Conclusions. While our results cannot constrain how far stars have migrated, we propose that migration processes are likely to have played an important role in the evolution of the Milky Way, with metal-rich stars migrating from the inner disk toward to solar neighborhood and past mergers potentially driving enhanced migration of older stellar populations in the disk.
Stellar population of the superbubble N 206 in the LMC
Authors: Ramachandran Varsha , Hainich R. , Hamann W.-R. , Oskinova L. M. , Shenar T. , Sander A. A. C. , Todt H. , Gallagher J. S.
Published: August 2017

Context. Massive stars severely influence their environment by their strong ionizing radiation and by the momentum and kinetic energy input provided by their stellar winds and supernovae. Quantitative analyses of massive stars are required to understand how their feedback creates and shapes large scale structures of the interstellar medium. The giant H ii region N 206 in the Large Magellanic Cloud contains an OB association that powers a superbubble filled with hot X-ray emitting gas, serving as an ideal laboratory in this context.

Aims. We aim to estimate stellar and wind parameters of all OB stars in N 206 by means of quantitative spectroscopic analyses. In this first paper, we focus on the nine Of-type stars located in this region. We determine their ionizing flux and wind mechanical energy. The analysis of nitrogen abundances in our sample probes rotational mixing.

Methods. We obtained optical spectra with the multi-object spectrograph FLAMES at the ESO-VLT. When possible, the optical spectroscopy was complemented by UV spectra from the HST, IUE, and FUSE archives. Detailed spectral classifications are presented for our sample Of-type stars. For the quantitative spectroscopic analysis we used the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. We determined the physical parameters and nitrogen abundances of our sample stars by fitting synthetic spectra to the observations.

Results. The stellar and wind parameters of nine Of-type stars, which are largely derived from spectral analysis are used to construct wind momentum − luminosity relationship. We find that our sample follows a relation close to the theoretical prediction, assuming clumped winds. The most massive star in the N 206 association is an Of supergiant that has a very high mass-loss rate. Two objects in our sample reveal composite spectra, showing that the Of primaries have companions of late O subtype. All stars in our sample have an evolutionary age of less than 4 million yr, with the O2-type star being the youngest. All these stars show a systematic discrepancy between evolutionary and spectroscopic masses. All stars in our sample are nitrogen enriched. Nitrogen enrichment shows a clear correlation with increasing projected rotational velocities.

Conclusions. The mechanical energy input from the Of stars alone is comparable to the energy stored in the N 206 superbubble as measured from the observed X-ray and Hα emission.
Electrophilic Ring Opening of Small Heterocycles
Authors: Wang Chuan
Published: August 2017

Small heterocycles, such as epoxides, aziridines, and ox­etanes are among the most useful building blocks in organic synthesis. Through electrophilic ring opening of these molecules, various electrophilic functional groups can be installed, which cannot be achieved via classic nucleophilic ring-opening reactions. In this review, the developments of electrophilic ring opening of small heterocycles are surveyed and organized according to the types of metal promoters.

1 Introduction

2 Electrophilic Ring Opening of Small Heterocycles Using Stoichiometric Metals

2.1 Lithium-Mediated Electrophilic Ring Opening of Epoxides and Oxetanes

2.2 Chromium-Mediated Electrophilic Ring Opening of Vinyl Epoxides

2.3 Tin-Mediated Electrophilic Ring Opening of Vinyl Epoxides

2.4 Samarium-Mediated Electrophilic Ring Opening of Vinyl and Alkynyl Epoxides

2.5 Titanium-Mediated Electrophilic Ring Opening of Epoxides

2.6 Platinum, Palladium, and Nickel-Mediated Electrophilic Ring Opening of 1,1-Dimethyl Ethylene Oxide

3 Catalytic Electrophilic Ring Opening of Small Heterocycles

3.1 Titanium-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ring Opening of Epoxides

3.2 Palladium-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ring Opening of Vinyl and Alkynyl Small Heterocycles

3.3 Iron-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ring Opening of Oxetanes

3.4 Scandium-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ring Opening of Vinyl Epoxides

3.5 Iridium-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ring Opening of 2-Methyl 2-Vinyl­oxiranes

3.6 Nickel-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ring Opening of Epoxides and Aziridines

3.7 Nickel–Titanium-Cocatalyzed Electrophilic Ring Opening of Epoxides

4 Summary
Aspirin in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System: Missing Demographics and Underreporting
Authors: Serebruany Victor , Tomek Ales , Kim Moo , Litvinov Oleg , Marciniak Thomas
Published: August 2017

Background The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event (AE) Reporting System (FAERS) is a global passive surveillance repository requiring mandatory updates by pharmaceutical manufacturers. Oral antiplatelet agents (OAAs) including aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) are broadly used to prevent thrombosis, at the expense of extra bleeding risks. However, the OAA filing quality and their comparative patterns in FAERS are unknown. We assessed completeness of original annual FAERS reports for OAA with special attention on ASA.

Methods We extracted AE cases co-reported with OAA including ASA, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, vorapaxar, or their combination. The 2015 FAERS cases were examined based on OAA distribution, suspected causative role, missing gender or age, and most common AEs after ASA.

Results A total of 1,187,729 reports qualified the inclusion criteria. The majority (n = 1,121,989) of the reports contain no reference of OAA, while 65,730 reports contain reference of at least one OAA, including 47,900 ASA cases. Therapy with ASA was heavily (>50%) underreported when used with prasugrel or ticagrelor, but still dominant (72.8%) among OAAs, followed by clopidogrel (18.7%), prasugrel (4.1%), ticagrelor (3.6%), and anecdotal vorapaxar (0.05%). Despite current recommendations, some (0.73%) reports contain multi-OAAs. The primary role of ASA in AE reporting was seldom (<1%), followed by clopidogrel (2.9%), prasugrel (3.7%), and highest for ticagrelor (9.3%). Missing gender after OAA was not common (<10%), but age was missing in approximately 25% of reports. Bleeding was the most frequent AE associated with ASA.

Conclusion The quality of reporting for OAA in general and ASA in particular can be improved by stricter FDA rules, better surveillance, and enforcements. Heavy ASA underreporting during dual antiplatelet therapy and missed demographic variables challenge outcome research capacities for establishing drug interactions in FAERS.
Prognostic Markers in Term Infants with Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy: Comparative Analysis of MRI, EEG, and Apgar Scores
Authors: Yozawitz Elissa , Goenka Ajay
Published: August 2017

Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a frequent cause of perinatally acquired brain injury resulting in abnormal neurological consequences. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 68 neonates with clinical evidence of HIE to investigate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and Apgar scores, individually and in combination, as predictors of long-term outcome. Six infants died during treatment, and 46 of the remaining 62 infants (74%) received follow-up neurological assessments at ages 6 to 24 months. The outcome was dichotomously classified as good (reflecting “normal development”) or as poor (reflecting “neurological deficits” based upon attainment of developmental milestones or death). Abnormal Apgar scores, MRIs, and EEGs had sensitivities of 50, 84, and 95% for predicting “neurological deficit.” Corresponding specificities were 85, 66, and 18%. However, the combination of abnormal Apgar scores, MRIs, and EEGs in predicting poor outcomes (i.e., “neurological deficits” or death) had sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In addition, the combination of abnormal Apgar scores, MRIs, and EEGs provided a positive predictive value of 100% in assessing poor outcome as compared with 73% (p = 0.2) for Apgar scores, 71% (p = 0.01) for MRIs, and 56% (p = 0.001) for EEGs.
Systemische Sklerose
Authors: Riemekasten G. , Schinke S.
Published: August 2017

Die systemische Sklerose gehört zu den rheumatischen Erkrankungen mit dem höchsten Einfluss auf die Prognose und Lebensqualität. Organmanifestationen wie die interstitielle Lungenfibrose, die pulmonale arterielle Hypertonie (PAH) und die Herzbeteiligung bestimmen die Mortalität, während Schmerzen, Bewegungseinschränkungen und digitale Ulzerationen häufig die Lebensqualität beeinflussen. Mangelernährung, Sarkopenie, Depression, Osteoporose, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Tumorerkrankungen treten möglicherweise bedingt durch die chronische Aktivierung des Immunsystems gehäuft auf. Es gibt derzeit erste Ansätze, Krankheitsmechanismen und die Beziehung zwischen der obliterativen Vaskulopathie und der variabel vorhandenen Fibrose zu verstehen. Die Therapie sollte frühzeitig beginnen. Eine Reihe von Substanzen beeinflusst die Raynaud-Symptomatik und die obliterative Gefäßerkrankung. Leider werden diese Therapien oftmals nicht ausreichend genutzt. Immunsuppressiva wie Cyclophosphamid, MMF oder eine autologe Stammzelltransplantation haben zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der inflammatorischen Fibrose in klinischen Studien geführt. Neue Therapieansätze, die Krankheitsmechanismen beeinflussen und nebenwirkungsärmer sind, erscheinen erfolgversprechend und könnten künftig zu einer Zulassung führen. Derzeit wird eine Vielzahl von Studien durchgeführt. Die konsequente zielorientierte und individuelle Therapie stellt einen wichtigen Schlüssel zum Therapieerfolg dar.
Das Sjögren-Syndrom
Authors: Tröster Isabella , Jülich Maike , Voll Reinhard , Kollert Florian
Published: August 2017

Das Sjögren-Syndrom ist eine chronische Autoimmunerkrankung mit Beteiligung der Tränen- und Speicheldrüsen. Durch lymphozytäre Infiltration und sekundäre Destruktion des exokrinen Drüsengewebes kommt es zur Sicca-Symptomatik. Es handelt sich um eine der 3 häufigsten Autoimmunerkrankungen mit einer Prävalenz von 0,03–2,1%, abhängig von Alters- und Populationsgruppen sowie der angewandten Diagnostik-Kriterien, und betrifft deutlich häufiger Frauen (ca. 10:1) 1
2
3. Neben der charakteristischen Sicca-Symptomatik leiden viele Patienten unter systemischen Manifestationen wie z. B. Arthralgien, seltener Hautvaskulitis, interstitieller Lungenerkrankung oder Nierenbeteiligung.

Nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika, Kortikosteroide und Immunsuppressiva werden zur Therapie dieser Komplikationen angewandt während die Sicca-Symptomatik meist lokal-symptomatisch behandelt wird. Das Risiko der Entwicklung eines malignen Lymphoms ist beim Sjögren-Syndrom erhöht. Ein Großteil der Patienten leidet außerdem unter einer ausgeprägten Abgeschlagenheit (Fatigue) 4, die das subjektiv schwerwiegendste Symptom darstellen kann. Die Prävalenz von depressiven Störungen ist ebenfalls erhöht 5. Auch wenn neue therapeutische Angriffspunkte und B-Zell-gerichtete Therapien, die sich derzeit in klinischer Testung befinden, auf eine Verbesserung der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten hoffen lassen, bleibt die Heterogenität des Krankheitsbildes und der Symptome eine Herausforderung in Klinik und Forschung.
Intestinale Dysbiosen erkennen und therapieren
Authors: Bayer Wolfgang , Schmidt Karlheiz
Published: August 2017

Eine Dysbiose bezeichnet im Gegensatz zur Eubiose, Normobiose oder Symbiose Veränderungen der
intestinalen Mikrobiota (früher als Darmflora bezeichnet), die mit krankhaften, häufig entzündlichen
Symptomen korreliert ist. Ursachen einer Dysbiose sind z. B. eine Überwucherung mit pathogenen Keimen,
chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen, aber auch Einflüsse durch Arzneimittel wie Antibiotika,
Kortikosteroide etc. Vielfältige weitere Wechselwirkungen sind zu berücksichtigen wie
Ernährungseinflüsse, Genussgifte (Rauchen, Alkohol) sowie auch Wechselwirkungen mit dem Hormonsystem, dem
Immunsystem, dem Nervensystem und vielen weiteren Regelkreisen.
Controlled creation of nanometric skyrmions using external magnetic fields
Authors: Mochizuki Masahito
Published: August 2017

To exploit nanometric magnetic skyrmions as information carriers in high-density storage devices, a method is needed that creates an intended number of skyrmions at specified places in the device preferably at a low energy cost. We theoretically propose that using a system with a fabricated hole or notch, the controlled creation of individual skyrmions can be achieved even when using an external magnetic field applied to the entire specimen. The fabricated defect turns out to work like a catalyst to reduce the energy barrier for the skyrmion creation.
A compact control system to achieve stable voltage and low jitter trigger for repetitive intense electron-beam accelerator based on resonant charging
Authors: Qiu Yongfeng , Liu Jinliang , Yang Jianhua , Cheng Xinbing , Yang Xiao
Published: August 2017

A compact control system based on Delphi and Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is developed for a repetitive intense electron-beam accelerator(IEBA), whose output power is 10GW and pulse duration is 160ns. The system uses both hardware and software solutions. It comprises a host computer, a communication module and a main control unit. A device independent applications programming interface, devised using Delphi, is installed on the host computer. Stability theory of voltage in repetitive mode is analyzed and a detailed overview of the hardware and software configuration is presented. High voltage experiment showed that the control system fulfilled the requests of remote operation and data-acquisition. The control system based on a time-sequence control method is used to keep constant of the voltage of the primary capacitor in every shot, which ensured the stable and reliable operation of the electron beam accelerator in the repetitive mode during the experiment. Compared with the former control system based on Labview and PIC micro-controller developed in our laboratory, the present one is more compact, and with higher precision in the time dimension. It is particularly useful for automatic control of IEBA in the high power microwave effects research experiments where pulse-to-pulse reproducibility is required.
Micromechanical microphone using sideband modulation of nonlinear resonators
Authors: Boales Joseph A. , Mateen Farrukh , Mohanty Pritiraj
Published: August 2017

We report successful detection of an audio signal via sideband modulation of a nonlinear piezoelectric micromechanical resonator. The 270 × 96-μm resonator was shown to be reliable in audio detection for sound intensity levels as low as ambient room noise and to have an unamplified sensitivity of 23.9 μV/Pa. Such an approach may be adapted in acoustic sensors and microphones for consumer electronics or medical equipment such as hearing aids.
Genesis, design and methods of the Beef CRC Maternal Productivity Project
Authors: Pitchford W. S. , Accioly J. M. , Banks R. G. , Barnes A. L. , Barwick S. A. , Copping K. J. , Deland M. P. B. , Donoghue K. A. , Edwards N. , Hebart M. L. , Herd R. M. , Jones F. M. , Laurence M. , Lee S. J. , McKiernan W. A. , Parnell P. F. , Speijers E. J. , Tudor G. D. , Graham J. F.
Published: August 2017

Australian seedstock cattle breeders have expressed concerns that while there has been genetic improvement in feedlot and abattoir performance of cows, it could have led to a decline in maternal productivity, especially under variable nutritional conditions. This paper describes a substantial project with two components designed to address these issues. The first sub-project was to monitor bodyweight and composition of 7760 young Angus and Hereford cows as they experience variable physiological states (pregnancy and lactation) and seasons. This was conducted on large numbers in seedstock herds. The second sub-project was to monitor more regularly bodyweight, body composition, and calf rearing performance of 500 Angus cows that are genetically divergent for either fat or residual feed intake at two research centres. This also included two levels of nutrition and recording of weekly feed intake of small groups of cows for at least three parities to allow reporting of genotype × nutrition effects on maternal productivity and efficiency. Results from the project are reported in a series of papers with each one having a defined focus.
RNA structure inference through chemical mapping after accidental or intentional mutations
Authors: Cheng Clarence Y. , Kladwang Wipapat , Yesselman Joseph D. , Das Rhiju
Published: August 2017

Significance

The intricate structures of RNA molecules are crucial to their biological functions but have been difficult to accurately characterize. Multidimensional chemical-mapping methods improve accuracy but have so far involved painstaking experiments and reliance on secondary-structure prediction software. A methodology called M2-seq now lifts these limitations. Mechanistic studies clarify the origin of serendipitous M2-seq–like signals that were recently discovered but not correctly explained and also provide mutational strategies that enable robust M2-seq for new RNA transcripts. The method detects dozens of Watson–Crick helices across diverse RNA folds in vitro and within frog egg extract, with a low false-positive rate (<5%). M2-seq opens a route to unbiased discovery of RNA structures in vitro and beyond.
Robust continuous clustering
Authors: Shah Sohil Atul , Koltun Vladlen
Published: August 2017

Significance

Clustering is a fundamental experimental procedure in data analysis. It is used in virtually all natural and social sciences and has played a central role in biology, astronomy, psychology, medicine, and chemistry. Despite the importance and ubiquity of clustering, existing algorithms suffer from a variety of drawbacks and no universal solution has emerged. We present a clustering algorithm that reliably achieves high accuracy across domains, handles high data dimensionality, and scales to large datasets. The algorithm optimizes a smooth global objective, using efficient numerical methods. Experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art clustering algorithms by significant factors in multiple domains.
Empathy and well-being correlate with centrality in different social networks
Authors: Morelli Sylvia A. , Ong Desmond C. , Makati Rucha , Jackson Matthew O. , Zaki Jamil
Published: August 2017

Significance

Which traits make individuals popular or lead others to turn to them in times of stress? We examine these questions by observing newly formed social networks in first-year college dormitories. We measured dorm members’ traits (for example, their empathy) as well as their position in their dorm’s social networks. Via network analysis, we corroborate insights from psychological research: people who exude positive emotions are sought out by others for fun and excitement, whereas empathic individuals are sought out for trust and support. These findings show that individuals’ traits are related to their network positions and to the different roles that they play in supporting their communities.
Development of ferroelectric oxides based resistive switching materials
Authors: Guan Peiyuan , Sun Yuandong , Wan Tao , Lin Xi , Xu Zhemi , Chu Dewei
Published: August 2017

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is one of the most promising candidates that satisfies the requirements of new generation non-volatile memories, as a consequence of its high density, outstanding scalability, and low power consumption. The review is based on a summary of recent studies in ferroelectric oxides based resistive switching (RS) materials and devices. It highlights the various ferroelectric oxide materials with RS behaviour and the underlying mechanisms including filament-type and interface-type mechanism. In the end, the challenge in current RRAM for future high-density data storage applications is addressed.
PICK1 regulates AMPA receptor endocytosis via direct interactions with AP2 α-appendage and dynamin
Authors: Fiuza Maria , Rostosky Christine M. , Parkinson Gabrielle T. , Bygrave Alexei M. , Halemani Nagaraj , Baptista Marcio , Milosevic Ira , Hanley Jonathan G.
Published: August 2017

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is used to internalize a diverse range of cargo proteins from the cell surface, often in response to specific signals. In neurons, the rapid endocytosis of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in response to NMDA receptor (NMDAR) stimulation causes a reduction in synaptic strength and is the central mechanism for long-term depression, which underlies certain forms of learning. The mechanisms that link NMDAR activation to CME of AMPARs remain elusive. PICK1 is a BAR domain protein required for NMDAR-dependent reductions in surface GluA2; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. In this study, we show that PICK1 makes direct, NMDAR-dependent interactions with the core endocytic proteins AP2 and dynamin. PICK1–AP2 interactions are required for clustering AMPARs at endocytic zones in dendrites in response to NMDAR stimulation and for consequent AMPAR internalization. We further show that PICK1 stimulates dynamin polymerization. We propose that PICK1 is a cargo-specific endocytic accessory protein required for efficient, activity-dependent AMPAR endocytosis.
Reduced generation of lung tissue–resident memory T cells during infancy
Authors: Zens Kyra D. , Chen Jun Kui , Guyer Rebecca S. , Wu Felix L. , Cvetkovski Filip , Miron Michelle , Farber Donna L.
Published: August 2017

Infants suffer disproportionately from respiratory infections and generate reduced vaccine responses compared with adults, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In adult mice, lung-localized, tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) mediate optimal protection to respiratory pathogens, and we hypothesized that reduced protection in infancy could be due to impaired establishment of lung TRM. Using an infant mouse model, we demonstrate generation of lung-homing, virus-specific T effectors after influenza infection or live-attenuated vaccination, similar to adults. However, infection during infancy generated markedly fewer lung TRMs, and heterosubtypic protection was reduced compared with adults. Impaired TRM establishment was infant–T cell intrinsic, and infant effectors displayed distinct transcriptional profiles enriched for T-bet–regulated genes. Notably, mouse and human infant T cells exhibited increased T-bet expression after activation, and reduction of T-bet levels in infant mice enhanced lung TRM establishment. Our findings reveal that infant T cells are intrinsically programmed for short-term responses, and targeting key regulators could promote long-term, tissue-targeted protection at this critical life stage.
Projective modules for the subalgebra of degree 0 in a finite-dimensional hyperalgebra of type 𝐴₁
Authors: Yoshii Yutaka
Published: August 2017

We describe the structure of projective indecomposable modules for the subalgebra consisting of the elements of degree 0 in the hyperalgebra of the

r
r

-th Frobenius kernel for the algebraic group

SL

2

(
k
)

\textrm {SL}_2(k)

, using the primitive idempotents which were constructed before by the author.
Additive units of product systems
Authors: Rajarama Bhat B. , Lindsay J. Martin , Mukherjee Mithun
Published: August 2017

We introduce the notion of additive units, or “addits”, of a pointed Arveson system and demonstrate their usefulness through several applications. By a pointed Arveson system we mean a spatial Arveson system with a fixed normalised reference unit. We show that the addits form a Hilbert space whose codimension-one subspace of “roots” is isomorphic to the index space of the Arveson system and that the addits generate the type I part of the Arveson system. Consequently the isomorphism class of the Hilbert space of addits is independent of the reference unit. The addits of a pointed inclusion system are shown to be in natural correspondence with the addits of the generated pointed product system. The theory of amalgamated products is developed using addits and roots, and an explicit formula for the amalgamation of pointed Arveson systems is given, providing a new proof of its independence of the particular reference units. (This independence justifies the terminology “spatial product” of spatial Arveson systems.) Finally a cluster construction for inclusion subsystems of an Arveson system is introduced, and we demonstrate its correspondence with the action of the Cantor–Bendixson derivative in the context of the random closed set approach to product systems due to Tsirelson and Liebscher.
Imprimitive irreducible modules for finite quasisimple groups. II
Authors: Hiss Gerhard , Magaard Kay
Published: August 2017

This work completes the classification of the imprimitive irreducible modules, over algebraically closed fields of characteristic 00, of the finite quasisimple groups.
Differential one-forms on Dirichlet spaces and Bakry-Émery estimates on metric graphs
Authors: Baudoin Fabrice , Kelleher Daniel
Published: August 2017

We develop a general framework on Dirichlet spaces to prove a weak form of the Bakry-Émery estimate and study its consequences. This estimate may be satisfied in situations, like metric graphs, where generalized notions of Ricci curvature lower bounds are not available.
A new complexity function, repetitions in Sturmian words, and irrationality exponents of Sturmian numbers
Authors: Bugeaud Yann , Kim Dong Han
Published: August 2017

We introduce and study a new complexity function in combinatorics on words, which takes into account the smallest second occurrence time of a factor of an infinite word. We characterize the eventually periodic words and the Sturmian words by means of this function. Then, we establish a new result on repetitions in Sturmian words and show that it is best possible. Let

b
≥
2

b \ge 2

be an integer. We deduce a lower bound for the irrationality exponent of real numbers whose sequence of

b
b

-ary digits is a Sturmian sequence over

{
0
,
1
,
…
,
b
−
1
}

\{0, 1, \ldots , b-1\}

and we prove that this lower bound is best possible. As an application, we derive some information on the

b
b

-ary expansion of

log
⁡
(
1
+

1
a

)

\log (1 + \frac {1}{a})

for any integer

a
≥
34

a \ge 34

.
Comparison of methods for phylogenetic B-cell lineage inference using time-resolved antibody repertoire simulations (AbSim)
Authors: Yermanos Alexander , Greiff Victor , Krautler Nike Julia , Menzel Ulrike , Dounas Andreas , Miho Enkelejda , Oxenius Annette , Stadler Tanja , Reddy Sai T
Published: August 2017

Motivation

The evolution of antibody repertoires represents a hallmark feature of adaptive B-cell immunity. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing have dramatically increased the resolution to which we can measure the molecular diversity of antibody repertoires, thereby offering for the first time the possibility to capture the antigen-driven evolution of B cells. However, there does not exist a repertoire simulation framework yet that enables the comparison of commonly utilized phylogenetic methods with regard to their accuracy in inferring antibody evolution.

Results

Here, we developed AbSim, a time-resolved antibody repertoire simulation framework, which we exploited for testing the accuracy of methods for the phylogenetic reconstruction of B-cell lineages and antibody molecular evolution. AbSim enables the (i) simulation of intermediate stages of antibody sequence evolution and (ii) the modeling of immunologically relevant parameters such as duration of repertoire evolution, and the method and frequency of mutations. First, we validated that our repertoire simulation framework recreates replicates topological similarities observed in experimental sequencing data. Second, we leveraged Absim to show that current methods fail to a certain extent to predict the true phylogenetic tree correctly. Finally, we formulated simulation-validated guidelines for antibody evolution, which in the future will enable the development of accurate phylogenetic methods.

Availability and implementation

https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/AbSim/index.html

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
regNet: an R package for network-based propagation of gene expression alterations
Authors: Seifert Michael , Beyer Andreas
Published: August 2017

Gene expression alterations and potentially underlying gene copy number mutations can be measured routinely in the wet lab, but it is still extremely challenging to quantify impacts of altered genes on clinically relevant characteristics to predict putative driver genes. We developed the R package regNet that utilizes gene expression and copy number data to learn regulatory networks for the quantification of potential impacts of individual gene expression alterations on user-defined target genes via network propagation. We demonstrate the value of regNet by identifying putative major regulators that distinguish pilocytic from diffuse astrocytomas and by predicting putative impacts of glioblastoma-specific gene copy number alterations on cell cycle pathway genes and patient survival.

Availability and implementation

regNet is available for download at https://github.com/seifemi/regNet under GNU GPL-3.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Model to Integrate Health Promotion and Wellness in Physical Therapist Practice: Development and Validation
Authors: Lein Donald H. , Clark Diane , Graham Cecilia , Perez Patricia , Morris David
Published: August 2017

Background

Globally, physical therapy professional organizations have called for physical therapists to perform lifestyle behavior management during customary care, or health-focused care, due to increasing morbidity and mortality related to noncommunicable diseases. Given the potential for health-focused care to improve health outcomes, physical therapists should integrate health promotion into their daily clinical practice. A clinical model that illustrates necessary steps to deliver health-focused care would be helpful to educate present and future physical therapists.

Objective

The purpose of the study was to develop and validate the Health-Focused Physical Therapy Model (HFPTM) for physical inactivity and smoking.

Methods

The authors used a mixed method approach. The preliminary model was informed by previous research and the investigators’ shared experience in health promotion and physical therapy. An interdisciplinary group of health professionals provided input into the preliminary model by way of a World Café format. Eight physical therapists with health promotion and education expertise then engaged in a Delphi process to establish content validity.

Results

World Café participants indicated that: (1) physical therapists are well positioned to engage in health promotion and wellness, and (2) the model facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration and consultation. Delphi process participants reached majority consensus in 1 round. The average model content validity index (CVI) was .915 for physical inactivity and .899 for smoking. Agreement concerning the model schematic was 88% for either behavior. Investigators made few editorial changes after the Delphi process.

Limitations

Limitations of this study include using only 2 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors for testing, and performing the testing in a nonclinical setting.

Conclusions

An interdisciplinary group of health professionals believes that physical therapists should practice health-focused care and that the HFPTM is a valid model. This model could help physical therapist educators when educating physical therapist students and clinicians to practice health-focused care.
Does E-Government Improve Government Capacity? Evidence from Tax Compliance Costs, Tax Revenue, and Public Procurement Competitiveness
Authors: Kochanova Anna , Hasnain Zahid , Larson Bradley
Published: August 2017

Using cross-country data on e-government systems, this paper analyzes whether e-filing of taxes and e-procurement implementation improves the capacity of governments to raise and spend fiscal resources through lowering tax compliance costs, improving tax collection and public procurement competitiveness, and reducing corruption. Adopting e-filing systems reduces tax compliance costs as measured by the time to prepare and pay taxes, the likelihood and frequency of firms being visited by a tax official, and the perception of tax administration as an obstacle to firms’ operation and growth. E-filing is also associated with a moderate increase in the income tax revenue to GDP ratio. The results for e-procurement are weaker, with the number of firms securing or attempting to secure a government contract increasing only in countries with higher levels of development and better institutions. There is no strong relationship between e-government and corruption.
The effects of obesity on pulmonary function in children
Authors: Durbin Courtney , Egan Robin , Gervasi Kristin , Nadeau Nicole , Neal Emily , Reich Suzanne , Gregory Tanya
Published: August 2017

The prevalence of obesity has risen rapidly in the United States in the past 20 years. Up to 25% of US children are obese, and obesity can be directly correlated with immediate and long-term health consequences. Pediatric obesity can harm multiple body systems and is a public health issue. This article focuses on how obesity affects a child's respiratory system, including pulmonary function, exercise intolerance, gas exchange, and airway musculature.
Acceptability of an Opioid Relapse Prevention Text-message Intervention for Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Suffoletto Brian , Yanta Joseph , Kurtz Ryan , Cochran Gerald , Douaihy Antoine , Chung Tammy
Published: August 2017

Objective:

To explore whether a text message-based relapse prevention intervention (Preventing and Interrupting Early Relapse [PIER]1) is acceptable to treatment-seeking adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) after Emergency Department (ED) discharge using mixed-methods design.

Methods:

Adults seeking care in an urban ED for OUD (n = 20; mean age 22; 55% female; 75% white race) completed a baseline survey, and were invited to enroll in PIER1, which was delivered in 7-day blocks, with the option to re-enroll at the end of each block, up to 4 blocks. PIER1 included a morning “push” message focused on positive thinking, adaptive coping feedback tailored to twice-daily assessments of craving severity and contextual correlates of craving, and end-of-day feedback on daily opioid use and goal commitment. Participants were asked to complete a follow-up phone interview after the first 7 days of PIER1. Transcripts were thematically coded.

Results:

Seventeen out of 20 participants enrolled in PIER1. In the first 7 days, response rates to text-message assessments averaged 30%. Ten out of 17 participants re-enrolled after 7 days. Main themes from follow-up interviews (n = 9) included ease of use, social connection, and self-empowerment. Participants desired more personalized support and the ability to communicate through text messaging with another person about their struggles. Event-level data suggest that higher craving severity increased risk of opioid lapses.

Conclusions:

In this mixed-methods intervention development study, we found conflicting evidence supporting an automated text-message intervention providing relapse prevention support for treatment-seeking individuals with OUD discharged from the ED. Qualitative feedback suggests that PIER1 could be useful and acceptability enhanced through personalized human support.