THE RIGHT OF JUVENILE CONVICTS TO PERSONAL SAFETY IN PRISONS OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Honorary Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NAS RK), Leading Researcher, Institute of Demographic Research - Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow, Russia, Artyom Y. Nesterov,  ,   ne7terov.ay@gmail.com,   https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8244-9546
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of ensuring the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The theoretical and methodological study of the analyzed phenomenon allowed us to single out the general opinion of scientists and the factors that determine the current state of personal safety of juvenile convicts in educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, in the pre-trial detention centers of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, as well as at the stages of going to the place of serving the criminal sentence in in the form of deprivation of liberty and those under investigation for crimes committed in places of deprivation of liberty. The author of the article analyzes the provisions established in article 13 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the right of all convicted persons, as well as persons in custody in the pre-trial detention center of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, to trial for personal security is guaranteed by the penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, and this right is ensured by the following imperatives: 1). Article 13 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 No. 5473-I "On Institutions and Bodies Executing Criminal Sentences of Imprisonment"; 2). Article 19 of the Federal Law of July 15, 1995 No. 103-FL "On the Detention of Suspects and Accused of Committing Crimes". The article analyzes legal scientific literature on the expression of various opinions of researchers regarding the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The author completely agreed with many of the stated points of theoretical researchers, and at the same time formulating the following proposition. The author, in turn, determines that the problem of personal security of juvenile convicts in places of deprivation of liberty is also of great importance for the relations that are taking shape in the Russian penal system as a whole. This is due to the fact that punishment always involves the restriction of the rights and freedoms of persons who committed crimes in the educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, and, as a result, the special nature of the relationship between the staff of the penitentiary institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. So, the urgency of the problem today is, first of all, ensuring personal security, as well as the constitutional rights and legitimate interests of juvenile convicts in the investigation of crimes committed in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, is also manifested in the fact that depriving citizens of their freedom, the state agrees to comply their legal status, to protect the life and health of the convict. It should be noted that the concentration of persons who committed crimes in prisons, a significant proportion of which are grave and especially grave, as well as a number of other reasons entail a real threat of new crimes committed by prisoners of various nature and degree of public danger. In this regard, there is the possibility of unlawful influence on juvenile convicts who are participants in the criminal process in the framework of a case instituted on the fact of committing a crime in the institution of the Russian penal system. As a result, the author’s concept is formulated - “Ensuring personal security, rights and legal interests of juvenile convicts”. This material presented in the article does not contain information (information) related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.