bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for the Prophylactic Treatment of Episodic Migraine: part I
Authors: Melhado Eliana Meire , Santos Paulo Sergio Faro , Kaup Alexandre Ottoni , Costa Aline Turbino Neves Martins da , Roesler Célia Aparecida de Paula , Piovesan Élcio Juliato , Sarmento Elder Machado , Theotonio Giselle Oliveira Martins , Campos Henrique Carneiro de , Fortini Ida , Souza Jano Alves de , Maciel Júnior Jayme Antunes , Segundo João Batista Alves , Carvalho João José Freitas de , Speziali José Geraldo , Calia Leandro Cortoni , Barea Liselotte Menke , Queiroz Luiz Paulo , Souza Marcio Nattan Portes , Figueiredo Marcos Ravi Cerqueira Ferreira , Costa Maria Eduarda Nobre de Magalhães , Peres Mário Fernando Prieto , Jurno Mauro Eduardo , Peixoto Patrícia Machado , Kowacs Pedro André , Rocha-Filho Pedro Augusto Sampaio , Moreira Filho Pedro Ferreira , Silva-Neto Raimundo Pereira , Fragoso Yara Dadalti
Published: October 2022

The Brazilian Headache Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia, SBCe, in Portuguese) nominated a Committee of Authors with the aim of establishing a consensus with recommendations regarding prophylactic treatment for episodic migraine based on articles published in the worldwide literature, as well as personal experience. Migraine affects 1 billion people around the world and more than 30 million Brazilians. In addition, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder. It is well known within the medical community of neurologists, and especially among headache specialists, that there is a need to disseminate knowledge about prophylactic treatment for migraine. For this purpose, together with the need for drug updates and to expand knowledge of the disease itself (frequency, intensity, duration, impact and perhaps the progression of migraine), this Consensus was developed, following a full online methodology, by 12 groups who reviewed and wrote about the pharmacological categories of the drugs used and, at the end of the process, met to read and establish conclusions for this document. The drug classes studied were: anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, monoclonal anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (anti-CGRP) antibodies, beta-blockers, antihypertensives, calcium channel inhibitors, other antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, and dual-action antidepressants), other drugs, and polytherapy. Hormonal treatment and anti-inflammatories and triptans in minimum prophylaxis schemes (miniprophylaxis) will be covered in a specific chapter. The drug classes studied for part I of the Consensus were: anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, monoclonal anti-CGRP antibodies, and beta-blockers.
Pathogen Reduction Technologies and Their Impact on Metabolic and Functional Properties of Treated Platelet Concentrates: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tsalas Stavros , Petrou Eleni , Tsantes Andreas G. , Sokou Rozeta , Loukopoulou Electra , Houhoula Dimitra , Mantzios Petros G. , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Tsantes Argirios E.
Published: October 2022

Pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) such as Mirasol and Intercept were developed to eliminate transfusion-transmitted infections. The impact of PRTs on platelet function during the storage period, their effect on platelet storage lesions, and the optimal storage duration following PRTs have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature and investigate the impact of PRTs on functional alterations of PRT-treated platelets during the storage period. The authors identified 68 studies suitable to be included in this review. Despite the high heterogeneity in the literature, the results of the published studies indicate that PRTs may increase platelet metabolic activity, accelerate cell apoptosis, and enhance platelet activation, which can subsequently lead to a late exhaustion of activation potential and reduced aggregation response. However, these effects have a minor impact on platelet function during the early storage period and become more prominent beyond the fifth day of the storage period. Large in vivo trials are required to evaluate the effectiveness of PRT-treated platelets during the storage period and investigate whether their storage can be safely extended to more than 5 days, and up to the traditional 7-day storage period.
Vergabe: Beschaffung von Investitionsgütern über Einkaufsgemeinschaften
Authors: Rau Angelina
Published: October 2022

Der Einkauf von Investitionsgütern nimmt einen hohen Anteil am gesamten Beschaffungsvolumen eines Krankenhauses ein. Welche Herausforderungen Klinikeinkäufer aktuell erwarten und wie Einkaufsgemeinschaften bei der Beschaffung von Investitionsgütern unterstützen können, erzählt uns Robert Bunford-Simon im Interview.
Understanding the chemistry of the frozen universe
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: October 2022

Apparatus to cool molecules sublimed from ice for detection by millimeter-wave spectroscopy.
Solving magnetic induction heating problem with multidimensional Fredholm integral equation methods: Alternative approach for optimization and evaluation of the process performance
Authors: Rak J. , Tucek J.
Published: October 2022

Induction heating is a frequently used technology in both fundamental and applied research. It is heavily exploited in the industry for processing materials by heat treatments. In addition, it is viewed as a promising tool in medicine, particularly as a part of therapeutic strategies for treating cancer diseases. Thus, in order to optimize (i.e., enhance and tune) the performance of the induction heating process, several aspects must be considered, including the design of the magnetic coils, features of the magnetic fields applied, coupling of magnetic and thermal fields, and the material’s characteristics. To tackle this complex problem, numerical mathematical models are often used. The results of which can help in understanding the role of the various parameters on the performance of the induction heating. Here, we present an alternative mathematical approach to solve the induction heating problem using Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with a singular kernel. To reduce the computation time, the Nyström method has been adopted. As the kernel function shows a singularity, a singularity subtraction has been involved in the developed mathematical procedure. Furthermore, the error features of the Nyström method with the singularity subtraction have been described, and convergence conditions of the proposed computational algorithm have been thoroughly identified. Although special conditions for the kernel function and the integration rule are needed, the method shows lower computing times, competing well with those of traditional finite-element based routines. The applicability of the developed methodology is demonstrated for the simulation of induction heating the body of a metal object.
A Neandertal dietary conundrum: Insights provided by tooth enamel Zn isotopes from Gabasa, Spain
Authors: Jaouen Klervia , Villalba-Mouco Vanessa , Smith Geoff M. , Trost Manuel , Leichliter Jennifer , Lüdecke Tina , Méjean Pauline , Mandrou Stéphanie , Chmeleff Jérôme , Guiserix Danaé , Bourgon Nicolas , Blasco Fernanda , Mendes Cardoso Jéssica , Duquenoy Camille , Moubtahij Zineb , Salazar Garcia Domingo C. , Richards Michael , Tütken Thomas , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Utrilla Pilar , Montes Lourdes
Published: October 2022

The characterization of Neandertals’ diets has mostly relied on nitrogen isotope analyses of bone and tooth collagen. However, few nitrogen isotope data have been recovered from bones or teeth from Iberia due to poor collagen preservation at Paleolithic sites in the region. Zinc isotopes have been shown to be a reliable method for reconstructing trophic levels in the absence of organic matter preservation. Here, we present the results of zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) isotope and trace element ratio analysis measured in dental enamel on a Pleistocene food web in Gabasa, Spain, to characterize the diet and ecology of a Middle Paleolithic Neandertal individual. Based on the extremely low δ
66
Zn value observed in the Neandertal’s tooth enamel, our results support the interpretation of Neandertals as carnivores as already suggested by δ
15
N isotope values of specimens from other regions. Further work could help identify if such isotopic peculiarities (lowest δ
66
Zn and highest δ
15
N of the food web) are due to a metabolic and/or dietary specificity of the Neandertals.
Disruption of proteostasis causes IRE1 mediated reprogramming of alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Katzen Jeremy , Rodriguez Luis , Tomer Yaniv , Babu Apoorva , Zhao Ming , Murthy Aditi , Carson Paige , Barrett Matthew , Basil Maria C. , Carl Justine , Leach John P. , Morley Michael , McGraw Matthew D. , Mulugeta Surafel , Pelura Timothy , Rosen Glenn , Morrisey Edward E. , Beers Michael F.
Published: October 2022

Disruption of alveolar type 2 cell (AEC2) protein quality control has been implicated in chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We previously reported the in vivo modeling of a clinical surfactant protein C (SP-C) mutation that led to AEC2 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and spontaneous lung fibrosis, providing proof of concept for disruption to proteostasis as a proximal driver of PF. Using two clinical SP-C mutation models, we have now discovered that AEC2s experiencing significant ER stress lose quintessential AEC2 features and develop a reprogrammed cell state that heretofore has been seen only as a response to lung injury. Using single-cell RNA sequencing in vivo and organoid-based modeling, we show that this state arises de novo from intrinsic AEC2 dysfunction. The cell-autonomous AEC2 reprogramming can be attenuated through inhibition of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) signaling as the use of an IRE1α inhibitor reduced the development of the reprogrammed cell state and also diminished AEC2-driven recruitment of granulocytes, alveolitis, and lung injury. These findings identify AEC2 proteostasis, and specifically IRE1α signaling through its major product XBP-1, as a driver of a key AEC2 phenotypic change that has been identified in lung fibrosis.
Prevalence and drivers of abrupt vegetation shifts in global drylands
Authors: Berdugo Miguel , Gaitán Juan J. , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Crowther Thomas W. , Dakos Vasilis
Published: October 2022

The constant provision of plant productivity is integral to supporting the liability of ecosystems and human wellbeing in global drylands. Drylands are paradigmatic examples of systems prone to experiencing abrupt changes in their functioning. Indeed, space-for-time substitution approaches suggest that abrupt changes in plant productivity are widespread, but this evidence is less clear using observational time series or experimental data at a large scale. Studying the prevalence and, most importantly, the unknown drivers of abrupt (rather than gradual) dynamical patterns in drylands may help to unveil hotspots of current and future dynamical instabilities in drylands. Using a 20-y global satellite-derived temporal assessment of dryland Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), we show that 50% of all dryland ecosystems exhibiting gains or losses of NDVI are characterized by abrupt positive/negative temporal dynamics. We further show that abrupt changes are more common among negative than positive NDVI trends and can be found in global regions suffering recent droughts, particularly around critical aridity thresholds. Positive abrupt dynamics are found most in ecosystems with low seasonal variability or high aridity. Our work unveils the high importance of climate variability on triggering abrupt shifts in vegetation and it provides missing evidence of increasing abruptness in systems intensively managed by humans, with low soil organic carbon contents, or around specific aridity thresholds. These results highlight that abrupt changes in dryland dynamics are very common, especially for productivity losses, pinpoint global hotspots of dryland vulnerability, and identify drivers that could be targeted for effective dryland management.
The intracellular Ca2+channel TRPML3 is a PI3P effector that regulates autophagosome biogenesis
Authors: Kim So Woon , Kim Mi Kyung , Hong Seokwoo , Choi Areum , Choi Jee Hye , Muallem Shmuel , So Insuk , Yang Dongki , Kim Hyun Jin
Published: October 2022

Autophagy is a multiple fusion event, initiating with autophagosome formation and culminating with fusion with endo-lysosomes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The source of Ca2+and the molecular mechanism by which Ca2+is provided for this process are not known. The intracellular Ca2+permeable channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 3 (TRPML3) localizes in the autophagosome and interacts with the mammalian autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) homolog GATE16. Here, we show that lipid-regulated TRPML3 is the Ca2+release channel in the phagophore that provides the Ca2+necessary for autophagy progress. We generated a TRPML3-GCaMP6 fusion protein as a targeted reporter of TRPML3 compartment localization and channel function. Notably, TRPML3-GCaMP6 localized in the phagophores, the level of which increased in response to nutrient starvation. Importantly, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), an essential lipid for autophagosome formation, is a selective regulator of TRPML3. TRPML3 interacted with PI3P, which is a direct activator of TRPML3 current and Ca2+release from the phagophore, to promote and increase autophagy. Inhibition of TRPML3 suppressed autophagy even in the presence of excess PI3P, while activation of TRPML3 reversed the autophagy inhibition caused by blocking PI3P. Moreover, disruption of the TRPML3–PI3P interaction abolished both TRPML3 activation by PI3P and the increase in autophagy. Taken together, these results reveal that TRPML3 is a downstream effector of PI3P and a key regulator of autophagy. Activation of TRPML3 by PI3P is the critical step providing Ca2+from the phagophore for the fusion process, which is essential for autophagosome biogenesis.
Neural event segmentation of continuous experience in human infants
Authors: Yates Tristan S. , Skalaban Lena J. , Ellis Cameron T. , Bracher Angelika J. , Baldassano Christopher , Turk-Browne Nicholas B.
Published: October 2022

How infants experience the world is fundamental to understanding their cognition and development. A key principle of adult experience is that, despite receiving continuous sensory input, we perceive this input as discrete events. Here we investigate such event segmentation in infants and how it differs from adults. Research on event cognition in infants often uses simplified tasks in which (adult) experimenters help solve the segmentation problem for infants by defining event boundaries or presenting discrete actions/vignettes. This presupposes which events are experienced by infants and leaves open questions about the principles governing infant segmentation. We take a different, data-driven approach by studying infant event segmentation of continuous input. We collected whole-brain functional MRI (fMRI) data from awake infants (and adults, for comparison) watching a cartoon and used a hidden Markov model to identify event states in the brain. We quantified the existence, timescale, and organization of multiple-event representations across brain regions. The adult brain exhibited a known hierarchical gradient of event timescales, from shorter events in early visual regions to longer events in later visual and associative regions. In contrast, the infant brain represented only longer events, even in early visual regions, with no timescale hierarchy. The boundaries defining these infant events only partially overlapped with boundaries defined from adult brain activity and behavioral judgments. These findings suggest that events are organized differently in infants, with longer timescales and more stable neural patterns, even in sensory regions. This may indicate greater temporal integration and reduced temporal precision during dynamic, naturalistic perception.
Sleep facilitates spatial memory but not navigation using the Minecraft Memory and Navigation task
Authors: Simon Katharine C. , Clemenson Gregory D. , Zhang Jing , Sattari Negin , Shuster Alessandra E. , Clayton Brandon , Alzueta Elisabet , Dulai Teji , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Stark Craig , Baker Fiona C. , Mednick Sara C.
Published: October 2022

Sleep facilitates hippocampal-dependent memories, supporting the acquisition and maintenance of internal representation of spatial relations within an environment. In humans, however, findings have been mixed regarding sleep’s contribution to spatial memory and navigation, which may be due to task designs or outcome measurements. We developed the Minecraft Memory and Navigation (MMN) task for the purpose of disentangling how spatial memory accuracy and navigation change over time, and to study sleep’s independent contributions to each. In the MMN task, participants learned the locations of objects through free exploration of an open field computerized environment. At test, they were teleported to random positions around the environment and required to navigate to the remembered location of each object. In study 1, we developed and validated four unique MMN environments with the goal of equating baseline learning and immediate test performance. A total of 86 participants were administered the training phases and immediate test. Participants’ baseline performance was equivalent across all four environments, supporting the use of the MMN task. In study 2, 29 participants were trained, tested immediately, and again 12 h later after a period of sleep or wake. We found that the metric accuracy of object locations, i.e., spatial memory, was maintained over a night of sleep, while after wake, metric accuracy declined. In contrast, spatial navigation improved over both sleep and wake delays. Our findings support the role of sleep in retaining the precise spatial relationships within a cognitive map; however, they do not support a specific role of sleep in navigation.
An insect brain organizes numbers on a left-to-right mental number line
Authors: Giurfa Martin , Marcout Claire , Hilpert Peter , Thevenot Catherine , Rugani Rosa
Published: October 2022

The “mental number line” (MNL) is a form of spatial numeric representation that associates small and large numbers with the left and right spaces, respectively. This spatio-numeric organization can be found in adult humans and has been related to cultural factors such as writing and reading habits. Yet, both human newborns and birds order numbers consistently with an MNL, thus raising the question of whether culture is a main explanation for MNL. Here, we explored the numeric sense of honey bees and show that after being trained to associate numbers with a sucrose reward, they order numbers not previously experienced from left to right according to their magnitude. Importantly, the location of a number on that scale varies with the reference number previously trained and does not depend on low-level cues present on numeric stimuli. We provide a series of neural explanations for this effect based on the extensive knowledge accumulated on the neural underpinnings of visual processing in honey bees and conclude that the MNL is a form of numeric representation that is evolutionarily conserved across nervous systems endowed with a sense of number, irrespective of their neural complexity.
Climate change and the nonlinear impact of precipitation anomalies on income inequality
Authors: Palagi Elisa , Coronese Matteo , Lamperti Francesco , Roventini Andrea
Published: October 2022

Climate anomalies, such as floods and droughts, as well as gradual temperature changes have been shown to adversely affect economies and societies. Although studies find that climate change might increase global inequality by widening disparities across countries, its effects on within-country income distribution have been little investigated, as has the role of rainfall anomalies. Here, we show that extreme levels of precipitation exacerbate within-country income inequality. The strength and direction of the effect depends on the agricultural intensity of an economy. In high-agricultural-intensity countries, climate anomalies that negatively impact the agricultural sector lower incomes at the bottom end of the distribution and generate greater income inequality. Our results indicate that a 1.5-SD increase in precipitation from average values has a 35-times-stronger impact on the bottom income shares for countries with high employment in agriculture compared to countries with low employment in the agricultural sector. Projections with modeled future precipitation and temperature reveal highly heterogeneous patterns on a global scale, with income inequality worsening in high-agricultural-intensity economies, particularly in Africa. Our findings suggest that rainfall anomalies and the degree of dependence on agriculture are crucial factors in assessing the negative impacts of climate change on the bottom of the income distribution.
The ulcerative colitis-associated gene FUT8 regulates the quantity and quality of secreted mucins
Authors: Cantero-Recasens Gerard , Burballa Carla , Ohkawa Yuki , Fukuda Tomohiko , Harada Yoichiro ,   IBD Character Consortium, Curwin Amy J. , Brouwers Nathalie , Thun Gian A. , Gu Jianguo , Gut Ivo , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Malhotra Vivek
Published: October 2022

Mucins are the main macrocomponents of the mucus layer that protects the digestive tract from pathogens. Fucosylation of mucins increases mucus viscoelasticity and its resistance to shear stress. These properties are altered in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is marked by a chronic inflammation of the distal part of the colon. Here, we show that levels of Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) and specific mucins are increased in the distal inflamed colon of UC patients. Recapitulating this FUT8 overexpression in mucin-producing HT29-18N2 colonic cell line increases delivery of MUC1 to the plasma membrane and extracellular release of MUC2 and MUC5AC. Mucins secreted by FUT8 overexpressing cells are more resistant to removal from the cell surface than mucins secreted by FUT8-depleted cells (FUT8 KD). FUT8 KD causes intracellular accumulation of MUC1 and alters the ratio of secreted MUC2 to MUC5AC. These data fit well with the
Fut8
−/−
mice phenotype, which are protected from UC.
Fut8
−/−
mice exhibit a thinner proximal colon mucus layer with an altered ratio of neutral to acidic mucins. Together, our data reveal that FUT8 modifies the biophysical properties of mucus by controlling levels of cell surface MUC1 and quantity and quality of secreted MUC2 and MUC5AC. We suggest that these changes in mucus viscoelasticity likely facilitate bacterial–epithelial interactions leading to inflammation and UC progression.
Sufu- and Spop-mediated regulation of Gli2 is essential for the control of mammalian cochlear hair cell differentiation
Authors: Qin Tianli , Ho Chin Chung , Wang Boshi , Hui Chi-Chung , Sham Mai Har
Published: October 2022

Development of mammalian auditory epithelium, the organ of Corti, requires precise control of both cell cycle withdrawal and differentiation. Sensory progenitors (prosensory cells) in the cochlear apex exit the cell cycle first but differentiate last. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is required for the spatiotemporal regulation of prosensory cell differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that suppressor of fused (Sufu), a negative regulator of Shh signaling, is essential for controlling the timing and progression of hair cell (HC) differentiation. Removal of
Sufu
leads to abnormal Atoh1 expression and a severe delay of HC differentiation due to elevated
Gli2
mRNA expression. Later in development, HC differentiation defects are restored in the
Sufu
mutant by the action of speckle-type PDZ protein (Spop), which promotes Gli2 protein degradation. Deletion of both
Sufu
and
Spop
results in robust Gli2 activation, exacerbating HC differentiation defects. We further demonstrate that Gli2 inhibits HC differentiation through maintaining the progenitor state of Sox2
+
prosensory cells. Along the basal–apical axis of the developing cochlea, the Sox2 expression level is higher in the progenitor cells than in differentiating cells and is down-regulated from base to apex as differentiation proceeds. The dynamic spatiotemporal change of Sox2 expression levels is controlled by Shh signaling through Gli2. Together, our results reveal key functions of Gli2 in sustaining the progenitor state, thereby preventing HC differentiation and in turn governing the basal–apical progression of HC differentiation in the cochlea.
A chemical timer approach to delayed chemiluminescence
Authors: Zheng Tianhua , Nie Wei , Yu Lu , Shu Jiangnan , Li Yaohua , Tian Changlin , Wang Wei , Cui Hua
Published: October 2022

Although the onset time of chemical reactions can be manipulated by mechanical, electrical, and optical methods, its chemical control remains highly challenging. Herein, we report a chemical timer approach for manipulating the emission onset time of chemiluminescence (CL) reactions. A mixture of Mn
2+
, NaHCO
3
, and a luminol analog with H
2
O
2
produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals and other superoxo species (superoxide containing complex) with high efficiency, accompanied by strong and immediate CL emission. Surprisingly, the addition of thiourea postponed CL emission in a concentration-dependent manner. The delay was attributed to a slow-generation-scavenging mechanism, which was found to be generally applicable not only to various types of CL reagents and ROS radical scavengers but also to popular chromogenic reactions. The precise regulation of CL kinetics was further utilized in dynamic chemical coding with improved coding density and security. This approach provides a powerful platform for engineering chemical reaction kinetics using chemical timers, which is of application potential in bioassays, biosensors, CL microscopic imaging, microchips, array chips, and informatics.
Kinetics driving nanocomposite thin-film deposition in low-pressure misty plasma processes
Authors: Chouteau S , Mitronika M , Goullet A , Richard-Plouet M , Stafford L , Granier A
Published: October 2022

Mist-assisted methods have recently attracted much attention for plasma deposition in high-quality (multi)functional thin films. However, very little is known on plasma interactions with misted colloidal solutions and their role in plasma process kinetics. Time-resolved optical diagnostics have been carried out to study the deposition of TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite thin films in low-pressure oxygen-argon plasmas with organosilicon precursors and TiO2 suspensions. Each pulsed injection of the dispersion was followed by a pressure rise due to solvent evaporation. This caused a significant reduction in the electron temperature and density, which mitigated matrix precursor fragmentation and SiO2 deposition as TiO2 nanoparticles were supplied to the film. Comparing injections with and without nanoparticles, misty plasma effects were dominated by plasma droplets rather than plasma-nanoparticle interactions. Successive matrix-rich and nanoparticle-rich deposition steps were confirmed by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Remarkable enhancement in catechol sensing by the decoration of selective transition metals in biphenylene sheet: A systematic first-principles study
Authors: Mahamiya Vikram , Dewangan Juhee , Shukla Alok , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: October 2022

Motivated by the recent successful synthesis of biphenylene structure (Fan et al 2021 Science
372 852), we have explored the sensing properties of this material towards the catechol biomolecule by performing the first-principles density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Pristine biphenylene sheet adsorbs catechol molecule with a binding energy of −0.35 eV, which can be systematically improved by decorating the transition metals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Ti) at various possible sites of biphenylene. It is observed that the catechol molecule is adsorbed on Pd and Ti-decorated biphenylene sheets with strong adsorption energies of −1.00 eV and −2.54 eV, respectively. The interaction of the catechol molecule with biphenylene and metal-decorated biphenylene is due to the charge transfer from the O-2p orbitals of the catechol molecule to the C-2p orbitals of biphenylene and d-orbitals of metals in metal-decorated biphenylene, respectively. From the Bader charge calculation, we found that 0.05e amount of charge is transferred from the catechol molecule to pristine biphenylene, which gets almost double (∼0.1e) for the Ti-decorated biphenylene sheet. The diffusion energy barrier for the clustering of the Pd and Ti atoms comes out to be 2.39 eV and 4.29 eV, computed by performing the climbing-image nudged elastic band calculations. We found that the catechol molecule gets desorbed from the pristine biphenylene sheet at 100 K but remains attached to metal (Pd, Ti) decorated biphenylene sheets at room temperature by performing the ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. The Ti-decorated biphenylene sheet has more sensitivity toward catechol adsorption while the Pd-decorated biphenylene sheet has a suitable recovery time at 500 K. The results suggest that the Pd and Ti-decorated biphenylene sheets are promising materials for catechol detection.
Controlling the electronic and magnetic properties in epitaxial LaMnO3/LaScO3 superlattices
Authors: Wei Haoming , Chen Xin , Wu Yangqiang , Cao Bingqiang
Published: October 2022

Perovskite superlattices (SLs) have attracted considerable interest owing to their rich and diverse physical properties. In this study, epitaxial LaMnO3/LaScO3 SLs were grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) by controlling the number of atomic monolayers. Raman spectroscopy combined with x-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps confirmed that the introduction of LaScO3 suppressed Jahn–Teller distortion in the SLs. Electrical transport measurements revealed a thermally activated single-gap behavior which mainly depended on the thickness of LaMnO3 layers. Magnetic measurements indicated that the magnetic properties of the SLs were related to the proportions of LaMnO3 and LaScO3 layers. These results are beneficial for the further understanding of the electronic and magnetic properties of LaMnO3-based SLs.
Optimal large time behaviour of the 3D compressible magnetohydrodynamics equations with large initial data
Authors: Wu Guochun , Wang Juan , Zhang Yinghui
Published: October 2022

We investigate time-decay rates of strong solutions to the 3D compressible magnetohydrodynamics equations with large initial data. The main novelty of this paper is two-fold: first, we prove the upper optimal decay rates of the higher-order spatial derivatives of the solution, which are the same as those of the heat equation, and faster than the decay rates in the previous related works. Second, if the initial data satisfy some additional low frequency assumption, we also show the lower optimal decay rates of the solution as well as its all-order spatial derivatives. Therefore, our decay rates are optimal in this sense. Our methods mainly involve the Fourier splitting method, low-frequency and high-frequency decomposition and delicate energy estimates.
Manifesting hidden dynamics of a sub-component dark matter
Authors: Kamada Ayuki , Kim Hee Jung , Park Jong-Chul , Shin Seodong
Published: October 2022

We emphasize the distinctive cosmological dynamics in multi-component dark-matter
scenarios and their impact on probing a sub-dominant component of dark matter. The dynamics
originate from the conversion among different dark-matter components. We find that the
temperature of the self-interacting sub-component dark matter is significantly enhanced by the
dark-matter annihilation into the sub-component. The same annihilation sharply increases the
required annihilation cross section for the sub-component as we consider a smaller relative
abundance fraction among the dark-matter species. Because of the enhanced temperature and
couplings of the sub-component, contrary to a naive expectation, the sub-component with smaller
abundance fractions tends to be disfavored by dark-matter direct/indirect-detection experiments
and cosmological observations. We demonstrate this by taking a dark photon portal scenario for
the sub-component at the sub-GeV mass scale. For the abundance fraction ≳ 10 %,
the enhanced temperature of the sub-component is subject to warm dark matter constraints which are
complementary to the parameter space probed by accelerator-based experiments. Smaller abundance
fractions tend to be disfavored by accelerator-based experiments due to the enhanced coupling to
Standard Model particles.
Conformal metric-affine gravities
Authors: Olmo Gonzalo J. , Orazi Emanuele , Pradisi Gianfranco
Published: October 2022

We revisit the gauge symmetry related to integrable projective transformations in metric-affine formalism, identifying the gauge field of the Weyl (conformal) symmetry as a dynamical component of the affine connection. In particular, we show how to include the local scaling symmetry as a gauge symmetry of a large class of geometric gravity theories, introducing a compensator dilaton field that naturally gives rise to a Stückelberg sector where a spontaneous breaking mechanism of the conformal symmetry is at work to generate a mass scale for the gauge field. For Ricci-based gravities that include, among others, General Relativity, f(R) and f(R, R
μν
R
μν) theories and the EiBI model, we prove that the on-shell gauge vector associated to the scaling symmetry can be identified with the torsion vector, thus recovering and generalizing conformal invariant theories in the Riemann-Cartan formalism, already present in the literature.
Economic losses from hurricanes cannot be nationally offset under unabated warming
Authors: Middelanis Robin , Willner Sven N , Otto Christian , Levermann Anders
Published: October 2022

Tropical cyclones range among the costliest of all meteorological events worldwide and planetary scale warming provides more energy and moisture to these storms. Modelling the national and global economic repercussions of 2017’s Hurricane Harvey, we find a qualitative change in the global economic response in an increasingly warmer world. While the United States were able to balance regional production failures by the original 2017 hurricane, this option becomes less viable under future warming. In our simulations of over 7000 regional economic sectors with more than 1.8 million supply chain connections, the US are not able to offset the losses by use of national efforts with intensifying hurricanes under unabated warming. At a certain warming level other countries have to step in to supply the necessary goods for production, which gives US economic sectors a competitive disadvantage. In the highly localized mining and quarrying sector—which here also comprises the oil and gas production industry—this disadvantage emerges already with the original Hurricane Harvey and intensifies under warming. Eventually, also other regions reach their limit of what they can offset. While we chose the example of a specific hurricane impacting a specific region, the mechanism is likely applicable to other climate-related events in other regions and other sectors. It is thus likely that the regional economic sectors that are best adapted to climate change gain significant advantage over their competitors under future warming.
Mapping the expansion of berry greenhouses onto Michoacán’s ejido lands, México
Authors: Hartman Sarah , Farfán Michelle , Hoogesteger Jaime , D’Odorico Paolo
Published: October 2022

Agricultural transformations have significantly contributed to the global market’s year-round supply of capital-intensive greenhouse-grown crops. For instance, berry production in México is increasingly relying on greenhouse systems to meet the growing demand of international markets, particularly in the USA. It is still unclear to what extent these transformations are related to land tenure, as data on greenhouse distribution often do not exist, are incomplete, or lack spatial resolution. This paper presents a support vector machine learning algorithm tool to map greenhouse expansion using satellite images. The tool is applied to the major berry-growing region of Michoacán, México. Here agricultural areas are transforming to satisfy foreign demand for berries, altering local land and water resource use patterns. We use this tool and a unique land tenure dataset to investigate (a) the spatially explicit extent to which high-input commercial agriculture (mainly the production of berries) has expanded in this region since 1989; and (b) the extent to which smallholder (ejidal) land has been incorporated into the highly capitalized agro-export sector. We combine a national dataset on ejidal land (which includes both communal and parcel land) with geospatial agricultural data to quantify the land-use changes in six municipalities in the berry-growing region of Michoacán between 1989 and 2021. We find that the development of the greenhouse berry boom can be quantified and shown with spatially-explicit detail, growing from zero to over 9,500 ha over the period, using almost one-quarter of all regional agricultural land in 2020. We further find that the capital-intensive market-oriented berry industry has been widely integrated into smallholder ejidal lands, so much so that over half of greenhouses are found there.
Agroforestry alters the fluxes of greenhouse gases of Moso bamboo plantation soil
Authors: Shi Man , Li Quan , Zhang Han , Sun Jilei , Zhang Junbo , Song Xinzhang
Published: October 2022

Agroforestry systems are widely applied in China and have both economic and ecological benefits. However, relatively few prior studies have investigated the relative ecological benefits of various agroforestry systems. In the present study, the static chamber method, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, high throughput sequencing were used to establish the differences in greenhouse gases (GHGs) fluxes and explore the bacterial and fungal populations affecting GHGs fluxes under different agroforestry systems, including pure Moso bamboo forest (CK), bamboo + Bletilla striata (BB), bamboo + Dictyophora indusiata (BD), and bamboo + chickens (BC). The highest cumulative CH4 uptake and N2O emission in spring occurred in BB while the highest cumulative CO2 emission and global warming potential (GWP) in spring occurred in BC. The Methylomirabilaceae were the key methanotrophs influencing the comparative differences in NO3
−associated CH4 uptake among the various agroforestry systems. N2O emission was associated with pH, and nitrifiers such as the ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria (Nitrospiraceae and Nitrosomonadaceae) rather than denitrifiers may be the key microbes affecting N2O emission in different agroforestry systems. The bacteria Actinobacteriota and Fibrobacteres and the fungi Ascomycetes and Basidiomycota were the primary microbial taxa influencing CO2 emission. The lignin-decomposing Basidiomycota played more important roles in CO2 emission than the cellulose-decomposing fungi and bacteria under the various agroforestry systems. CO2 emission was positively correlated with NO3
− in the bacterial community and was negatively correlated with NO3
− in the fungal community, implying two C decomposition mechanisms caused by denitrification dominated in bacteria and those caused by microbial nitrogen mining dominated in fungi. The foregoing results suggested that bamboo + B. striata had comparatively higher ecological benefits as it is associated with low GWP and external C fixation. The present study provided valuable information for screening bamboo-based agroforestry systems with high ecological benefits. It also elucidated the microbial mechanism explaining the observed differences in GHGs fluxes between the various agroforestry systems.
Effectiveness of multi-physics numerical model in simulating accelerated corrosion with spatial and temporal non-uniformity
Authors: Shetty Shanmukha , Banerjee Sauvik , Tallur Siddharth , Desai Yogesh M
Published: October 2022

This study is motivated by the need to develop an efficient numerical model to simulate non-uniform interfacial degradation of reinforcing steel in concrete in an accelerated corrosion setup considering the influence of differential aeration, moisture and conductivity. In this study, a multi-physics finite element (FE) model is presented to simulate spatially and temporally non-uniform surface topography of corroding steel with rust layer, and eliminates the assumption of uniform mass loss and its linear variation with time as per available literature that uses classical approach of Faraday’s law. The model is validated experimentally with accelerated corrosion setup. Unlike previous studies, pore saturation (PS) is continuously monitored and its existing experimental correlations with conductivity and oxygen diffusivity are adopted so that the model can be extended to simulate natural corrosion to enhance the accuracy of service life predictions. These evaluations can be made completely nondestructive and in real-time eliminating the challenges in capturing the influence of environment by the use of alternative parameters such as relative humidity from real climate change predictions. The key findings from the investigation reveal that incorporating local environmental parameters measured in situ allows for the model to naturally evolve with anodic and cathodic locations on steel surface avoiding the need to assume predefined locations. It is envisioned that the developed multi-physics FE model can be used as a reliable substitute to accelerated corrosion experiment which is frequently used for durability studies of corroding reinforced concrete (RC) members. It is shown that the daily and cumulative mass loss evaluated from the degraded surface topography of the corroded rebar using the simulated model are in good agreement with those evaluated experimentally. Further, the maximum pit depth evaluated from the simulated surface is validated that has valuable applications in estimating degraded strength of corroding steel and service life of RC members.
Texture direction analysis of micro-topographies using fractal geometry
Authors: Siemens Stefan , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard
Published: October 2022

In recent years fractal geometry has been repeatedly shown to help describe and characterize micro-topographies. Important properties of micro-topographies include roughness or texture direction. Consequently, in this work, fractal geometry is investigated to determine texture direction. For this purpose, synthetic data and real height maps of different micro-topographies are evaluated using the fractal power spectrum density method. The results are compared with a manual determination of the texture direction and determining the texture direction according to ISO 25 178 using the S

td
parameter. The results show that the fractal method is more accurate than the currently standardized method. Another advantage is that secondary texture directions can be detected. Thus, the fractal method is well suited for characterizing micro-topographies and can complement existing parameters from ISO 25 178.
Do protests influence environmental attitudes? Evidence from Extinction Rebellion
Authors: Kountouris Yiannis , Williams Eleri
Published: October 2022

Protests are frequently used to raise public awareness of environmental challenges and increase support for pro-environmental behavior and policy. In this paper we examine the influence of protests on environmental attitudes, focusing on Extinction Rebellion’s April 2019 campaign of civil disobedience in the UK. Using individual-level survey data collected around the time of the protest, we exploit its exogeneity to the timing of survey response, to compare attitudes towards sustainable lifestyles, perceptions of own environmental impact, support for pro-environmental policy and behavior, and views about the severity and imminence of environmental crises, before and after the protest. There is evidence that the protest is related to lower probability of opposing pro-environmental behavior and policy, and lower willingness to pay a premium for environmentally friendly consumption. We do not find evidence that the protest alienated the public from sustainable lifestyles, influenced perceptions of personal environmental impact, or views about the imminence and severity of environmental crises. Results suggest the need for systematic study of the impact of environmental protests on the general public’s environmental attitudes and behaviors.
Anisotropic magnetic and transport properties of orthorhombic o-Pr2Co3Ge5
Authors: Kyrk Trent M , Kennedy Ellis R , Galeano-Cabral Jorge , Wei Kaya , McCandless Gregory T , Scott Mary C , Baumbach Ryan E , Chan Julia Y
Published: October 2022

The crystal structure, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), heat capacity, and anisotropic magnetic and resistivity measurements are reported for Sn flux grown single crystals of orthorhombic Pr2Co3Ge5 (U2Co3Si5-type, Ibam). Our findings show that o-Pr2Co3Ge5 hosts nearly trivalent Pr ions, as evidenced by EELS and fits to temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements. Complex magnetic ordering with a partially spin-polarized state emerges near T
sp = 32 K, with a spin reconfiguration transition near T
M = 15 K. Heat capacity measurements show that the phase transitions appear as broad peaks in the vicinity of T
sp and T
M. The magnetic entropy further reveals that crystal electric field splitting lifts the Hund’s rule degeneracy at low temperatures. Taken together, these measurements show that Pr2Co3Ge5 is an environment for complex f state magnetism with potential strongly correlated electron states.
Systematic Review of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacillus anthracis, 1947–2019
Authors: Maxson Tucker , Kongphet-Tran Thiphasone , Mongkolrattanothai Thitipong , Travis Tatiana , Hendricks Katherine , Parker Corinne , McLaughlin Heather P , Bugrysheva Julia , Ambrosio Frank , Michel Pierre , Cherney Blake , Lascols Christine , Sue David
Published: October 2022

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a high-consequence bacterial pathogen that occurs naturally in many parts of the world and is considered an agent of biowarfare or bioterrorism. Understanding antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of B. anthracis isolates is foundational to treating naturally occurring outbreaks and to public health preparedness in the event of an intentional release. In this systematic review, we searched the peer-reviewed literature for all publications detailing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of B. anthracis. Within the set of discovered articles, we collated a subset of publications detailing susceptibility testing that followed standardized protocols for Food and Drug Administration–approved, commercially available antimicrobials. We analyzed the findings from the discovered articles, including the reported minimal inhibitory concentrations. Across the literature, most B. anthracis isolates were reported as susceptible to current first-line antimicrobials recommended for postexposure prophylaxis and treatment. The data presented for potential alternative antimicrobials will be of use if significant resistance to first-line antimicrobials arises, the strain is bioengineered, or first-line antimicrobials are not tolerated or available.