bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prehospital characteristics that identify major trauma patients: A hybrid systematic review protocol
Authors: Donnelly Nora , Linvill Matthew , Zaidan Ricardo , Simpson Andrew , Brent Louise , Hickey Pamela , Masterson Siobhan , Deasy Conor , Doyle Frank
Published: May 2023

Background: International evidence has consistently demonstrated significant improvements both in the trauma care process and outcomes for patients through re-configuring care services from that which is fragmented to integrated trauma networks. A backbone of any trauma network is a trauma triage tool. This is necessary to support paramedic staff in identifying major trauma patients based on prehospital characteristics. However, there is no consensus on an optimal triage tool and with that, no consensus on the minimum criteria for prehospital identification of major trauma.

Objective: Examine the prehospital characteristics applied in the international literature to identify major trauma patients.

Methods: To ensure the systematic review is both as comprehensive and complete as possible, we will apply a hybrid overview of reviews approach in accordance with best practice guidelines. Searches will be conducted in Pubmed (Ovid MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials. We will search for papers that analyse prehospital characteristics applied in trauma triage tools that identify major trauma patients. These papers will be all systematic reviews in the area, not limited by year of publication, supplemented with an updated search of original papers from November 2019. Duplication screening of all articles will be conducted by two reviewers and a third reviewer to arbitrate disputes. Data will be extracted using a pre-defined data extraction form, and quality appraised by the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment form.

Conclusions: An exhaustive search for both systematic reviews and original papers will identify the range of tools developed in the international literature and, importantly, the prehospital characteristics that have been applied to identify major trauma patients. The findings of this review will inform the development of a national clinical prediction rule for triage of major trauma patients.
Antenatal corticosteroids reduce neonatal mortality in settings without assisted ventilatory support: a retrospective cohort study of early preterm births on the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: Bashir Humayra Aisha , Lufting-Leeffrers Daphne , Myat Min Aung , Htun Win Htun , Win Tun Nay , Gay Wah Tha , Ellen Gilder Mary , Kho Paw Moo , I. Carrara Verena , Meeyai Aronrag , Aderoba Adeniyi Kolade , Nosten François , Gross Mechthild M. , McGready Rose
Published: May 2023

Background: Prematurity is the highest risk for under-five mortality globally. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of antenatal dexamethasone on neonatal mortality in early preterm in a resource-constrained setting without assisted ventilation.

Methods: This retrospective (2008-2013) cohort study in clinics for refugees/migrants on the Thai-Myanmar border included infants born <34 weeks gestation at home, in, or on the way to the clinic. Dexamethasone, 24 mg (three 8 mg intramuscular doses, every 8 hours), was prescribed to women at risk of preterm birth (28 to <34 weeks). Appropriate newborn care was available: including oxygen but not assisted ventilation. Mortality and maternal fever were compared by number of doses (complete: three, incomplete: one or two, or no dose). A sub-cohort participated to neurodevelopmental testing at one year.

Results: Of 15,285 singleton births, 240 were included: 96 did not receive dexamethasone and 144 received one, two or three doses (56, 13 and 75, respectively). Of live born infants (n=233), early neonatal and neonatal mortality/ 1,000 livebirths (95%CI) with complete dosing was 141 (78–240) and 304 (191–448); compared to 292 (210–389) and 521 (407–633) with no dose. Compared to complete dosing, both incomplete and no dexamethasone were associated with elevated adjusted ORs 4.09 (1.39 to 12.00) and 3.13 (1.14 to 8.63), for early neonatal death. By contrast, for neonatal death, while there was clear evidence that no dosing was associated with higher mortality, adjusted OR 3.82 (1.42 to 10.27), the benefit of incomplete dosing was uncertain adjusted OR 1.75 (0.63 to 4.81). No adverse impact of dexamethasone on maternal fever or neurodevelopmental scores was observed.

Conclusions: Neonatal mortality reduction is possible with complete dexamethasone dosing in pregnancies at risk of preterm birth in settings without capacity to provide assisted ventilation.
THE IDENTIFYING EATING DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Petrova Lolita A. , Khararbakhova Matrena A. , Timofeeva Mariya G.
Published: May 2023

This article attempts to identify eating disorders of adolescents. Theoretical and methodological analysis of the study shows that the occurrence of eating disorders is due to attempts to compensate for the lack of unmet needs. Also in this article considered the severity of loneliness manifestation does not depend on the number of interpersonal relationships, the fundamental here is a subjective perception of human interaction with others, and not an “objective” assessment of this criterion from the outside.

The authors reviewed the studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the causality of eating disorders occurrence. The empirical part of the study was conducted using the questionnaire “Eating Behavior Assessment Scale” (Garner, D.M., Olmstead, M.P., Polivy, J.P.) and the methods of “Subjective feeling of loneliness” (Russell, D. and Ferguson, M.). The study involved 60 subjects, descriptive statistics were used to interpret the results. Our assumption that food can be a solution to the problems of the subjective feeling of loneliness in schoolchildren has been partially confirmed. The results on the scales with a high value of “eating disorders” and “subjective feeling of loneliness” are linked.

Objective. To identify at eating disorders with subjective feelings of loneliness among adolescent. The hypothesis of the study is based on the assumption that food can become a means of solving the subjective feeling of loneliness, the higher the level of the subjective feeling of loneliness, the more often eating disorders may occur.

Method and methodology. The research is based on the phenomenological method, as well as the principles of determinism and causality of mental activity.

Results. We covered 60 schoolchildren living in Yakutsk city in the empirical part of the study. The hypothesis of this study that food can be a means of solving the problems for adolescents with a high level of subjective feeling of loneliness is partially confirmed as a result of the research work carried out. Based on the results of an empirical study, the conclusion was made that the occurrence of eating disorders in adolescents is associated with the level of loneliness severity.

Scope of the results: the results of the study can be applied by psychologists, social workers and educators when working with adolescents with an eating disorder.
PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FORMATION OF READINESS OF FUTURE OFFICERS OF SECURITY UNITS IN DEPARTMENTAL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE USE OF SMALL ARMS
Authors: Volkov Yegor S. , Komarov Denis U.
Published: May 2023

Relevance. In the current geopolitical situation, military personnel have a great responsibility to ensure national security. The fulfillment of this task is impossible without the training of qualified personnel in higher military educational organizations. The use of small arms retains its importance in modern combat. In this regard, the presented work is relevant.

Purpose. The aim of the work is to design and construct pedagogical technology for the formation of readiness of future officers of security units in departmental educational organizations for professional activities related to the use of small arms.

The method or methodology of the work. The methodological basis of the research is formed by methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, synthesis, diagnostic experiment and pedagogical observations.

Results. The results of the work are to present and substantiate the effectiveness of the use of the didactic information complex during the teaching of Fire training in higher military educational organizations.

The scope of the results. The results of the research can be applied in the field of methodology of teaching individual academic disciplines in higher military educational organizations.
METHODOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES USED TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF TRAINING FUTURE OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Borovitsky Alexey M.
Published: May 2023

The relevance of the scientific work is revealed by revealing the need to rethink the methodological methods used in military universities. The ongoing transformation of professional training of military specialists is based on the theoretical justification and practical implementation of the proposed problem-oriented methodological methods of training future officers.

Goal. The search for the most effective and as close as possible to the future real activities of the officers of the Rosgvardiya training methods is a priority area of our work. Constantly increasing qualification requirements and the specifics of training in the National Guard units determine the final results of the educational process.

Methods. The basic methods of the scientific work carried out are: the study of best practices, the analysis of documents and mixed methods. These methods include: intensive and the method of activating the capabilities of the individual and the collective based, the use of which, taking into account the specifics of the activities of the Rosgvardiya, involves the implementation of methodological methods of training in a military university.

Results. The analysis of the internal information received from military units about the professional activities of officers for the first two years after graduation gives reason to assert with a greater degree of confidence that the proposed methodological methods of training give a tangible practice-oriented positive result.

The scope of the results. Professional training of cadets as future officers of the Russian Guard, who are military specialists in the field of unit management and apply their professional skills in combat practice.
Adverbial Preposition bliz: Semantic Evolution and Current Tendencies of Usage in Verbal Communication
Authors: Saraykin I.
Published: May 2023

Semantic development and modern state of the prepositional system is an actual area of scientific research. Prepositions form a part of language system, which is located at the junction of grammar and lexical semantics. Consequently, all registered changes (grammatical changes as well as semantic changes) give evidence of basic, fundamental cognitive shifts in language consciousness of speakers. The researcher’s goal is to explain the nature and the pattern of these shifts, describing the shifts’ regularities by applying the formal methodology. The proposed paper presents a fragment of such description.

Aim — describe the obsolete and modern non-spatial meanings of adverbial preposition "bliz".

Methodology — the description involves semantic and syntactic analysis of adverbial preposition "bliz", which permits to distinguish the semantic shades being actualized in the context. The research is carried out on the material of the Main, Middle-Russian, Church-Slavonic, Media and Poetic Corpora, as well as the RuTenTen Corpora, which represents the tendencies

of the preposition usage in the modern discourse. Scientific novelty for the theory of communication is in the fact that the paper describes non-spatial meanings of adverbial preposition "bliz", which are typical mostly for the Internet-communication — a live conversation environment. From the point of general linguistic view the novelty is justified by the necessity of complete functional words’ description, the description that consists the basis of the core grammar compulsory for language formalization and communication between a human and Artificial Intelligence. Results — the paper presents a semantic taxonomy of non-spatial meanings

of adverbial preposition "bliz".

Practical significance — presented examples can be used as an illustrative material in the university courses, such as the theory communication, lexicology and the history of language.
Syntactic Features of Legal Communication (The Study of English Wills)
Authors: Velikodnev O.
Published: May 2023

The investigation focuses on the study of syntactic means used in English wills. The contribution demonstrates the expressive potential of syntactic means; analyses means of minor and major syntax used in the genre under consideration. The paper reveals the frequency of their use. It also considers the question of appropriateness of expressive syntactic means for legal discourse and describes their functional-stylistic features.

The research has allowed to outline the features of the syntactic arrange-ment of wills and to single out the most typical syntactic structures (nominative and verbal word combinations on the level of the minor syntax, complex sentences on the level of the major syntax). The contribution has also re-vealed syntactic expressive means used in English wills (inversion, syn-tactic repetition, including parallel construction, and polysyndeton) and has described their functional-stylistic features. The investigation has defined the functional status of the expressive syntactic means which encompasses clear and accurate expounding of the content and preservation of the text structure (which has shaped as a result of the historical development of the genre). The methodology of research include generalisation, description, definitive analysis, linguostylistic analysis, and context analysis.
Physical treatment in ankle injures - review of the literature
Authors: Weber-Rajek Magdalena , Ciechanowska Katarzyna , Bułatowicz Irena , Radzimińska Agnieszka , Strojek Katarzyna , Zukow Walery
Published: May 2023

Physical treatment in ankle injures - review of the literature
Financialization and Commodity Markets Serial Dependence
Authors: Da Zhi , Tang Ke , Tao Yubo , Yang Liyan
Published: May 2023

Recent financialization in commodity markets makes it easier for institutional investors to trade a portfolio of commodities via various commodity-indexed products. We present several pieces of novel causal evidence that daily exposure to such index trading results in price overshoots and reversals, as reflected in negative daily return autocorrelations, only among commodities in that index. This is because index trading propagates nonfundamental noise to all indexed commodities. We present direct evidence for such noise propagation using commodity news sentiment data.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.

Funding: Z. Da acknowledges financial support from the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program [Grant BJJWZYJH01201910034034] and the 111 Project [Grant B20094]. K. Tang acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71973075 and 72192802]. Y. Tao acknowledges financial support from the Start-up Research Grant of University of Macau [Grant SRG2022-00016-FSS]. L. Yang acknowledges the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for financial support [Grants 430-2018-00173 and 435-2021-0040].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4797 .
Metabolik Hastalıklarda Göz Bulguları
Authors: KIREKER KÖYLÜ Oya , KASAPKARA Çiğdem Seher
Published: May 2023

Nörometabolik hastalıklar protein, karbonhidrat ve lipid metabolizmalarını etkileyen sentez bozukluklarını, bozulmuş enzim aktivitesini, kofaktör veya taşıyıcıların eksikliğinden kaynaklanan nadir görülen genetik bozukluklardır. 750'den fazla nörometabolik hastalık bildirilmiştir. Her bir hastalığın prevalansı nadirdir. Ancak bir kombinasyon olarak genel prevalans 1/784 kadar yüksektir. Çoğunluk (%72) 15 yaşında ve 1/3’ü ise 1 yaşında teşhis edilir. Nörometabolik hastalıklar genellikle doğum öncesi dönemden yetişkinliğe kadar belirli substratların eksikliği, toksinlerin veya metabolitlerin birikmesi ile tanımlanır. Klinik özellikler çoğunlukla ilerleyici nörodejeneratif bozukluklardır. Semptomlar genellikle kronik kötüleşme veya epizodik alevlenme ile ortaya çıkar. Çoğu hastalıkta genç yaşlarda ve sıklıkla birden fazla organ tutulumu ile ortaya çıkar. Anormal göz hareketleri ile birlikte hareket bozuklukları da sıklıkla görülür. Kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklarda göz tutulumu primer veya sekonder olabileceği gibi bulgular lokal veya sistemik olabilir. Patogenezden genellikle anormal metabolitlerin toksik etkisi veya normal metabolitlerin birikimi sorumludur. Tedavi edilebilir nörometabolik hastalıkların erken tanınması, hastanın tedavi sonucunu değiştirebileceği için önemlidir. Anormal göz hareketleri teşhiste klinik ipuçlarına neden olabilir.
Journal Scan
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: May 2023

A brief overview of recently published articles on gastroenterology, hepatology and stoma care
The Impact of Stoma Management Education on the Self-care Abilities of Individuals with an Intestinal Stoma
Authors: Liu Yani , Wang Li , Zhu Liping
Published: May 2023

An intestinal stoma is a surgically formed exteriorisation of the large or small bowel on to the anterior abdomen wall, to enable faeces to be excreted from the body. Patients living with a stoma may encounter physical, psychological, and social barriers and challenges. Stoma self-management education is essential to improving self-care competence, and patients who perceive the benefits of self-management education show a better adjustment to living with a stoma. This literature review explored the effectiveness of patient education interventions in improving the self-care knowledge and skills of patients living with an ostomy. The findings from the nine studies reviewed showed that self-management education approaches are effective in improving patients’ self-care. The application of different approaches to ostomy self-management education, such as a transtheoretical model, chronic care model, telehealth and multimediabased programmes – helped improve patients’ self-care ability. The review also found that patients needed at least 3 months to develop the skills and maintain their ability to self-care. In addition, two education sessions provided to patients in hospital pre-discharge appeared sufficient for improving and maintaining self-care abilities. Where patients received education in hospital post-surgery, 2 or 3 sessions over 7 days were found to be sufficient to provide them with stoma care skills. Education sessions based on the transtheoretical model and chronic care model or telehealth helped maintain and reinforce self-care behaviours following discharge.
Convex Light Appliance and Mouldable Rings for Ostomy Patients: Who Benefits Most?
Authors: Sánchez Manuel Bona , Callejón Victoria Alejandra López , Puyuelo Irene Oto , Vázquez Mercedes Rubio , Burrero Luisa Vázquez , Blázquez Eduardo García
Published: May 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined treatment strategy involving the use of a light convex ostomy appliance (Easifiex Confort Convex Light) and a fiexible ring (Brava moldable) in reducing the number of leak episodes and improving self-reported satisfaction in patients with digestive ostomies and early effiuent leakage.

Methods

A multicenter prospective study was conducted across 54 stoma units in Spain, with 257 patients screened and 244 completing the study. Clinical data were collected at baseline (V1) and 2–3 weeks after discharge (V2) by specialist stoma care nurses. The primary outcome was a reduction in the mean number of leak episodes per day. The secondary outcome was a change in self-reported satisfaction on a scale of 0–10. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the patient profile that benefited the most from the treatment strategy.

Results

The results showed a significant reduction in the mean number of leak episodes from 3.4±5.2 at baseline to 1.3±2.3 at the end of the study (P<0.0001). Additionally, the mean self-reported satisfaction with the device increased from 5.1±2 at baseline to 7.2±1.7 at the end of the study (P<.00001). A predictive model with an area under the curve of 0.74 was developed to identify the patient profile that benefited the most from the treatment strategy.

Conclusions

The study confirmed that patients with ostomy and early effiuent leakage benefit from convex light ostomy appliances and fiexible rings. To improve satisfaction, those with worse outcomes and higher needs should be treated early with the CONAN strategy (convex system and a seal) if they exhibit leakage, longer hospital stays, emergency surgery and previous use of open system and single-piece appliances. This combined treatment strategy can improve outcomes and satisfaction in patients with digestive ostomies and early effiuent leakage.
Understanding and Managing Hepatic Disease, Portal Hypertension and Stomal Varices
Authors: White Maddie
Published: May 2023

Scarring (cirrhosis) from advanced liver diseases can block normal hepatic circulation of blood through the liver, causing increased pressure in the venous portal system (portal hypertension). This can result in pressurised veins (varices), usually in the gastro-oesophageal region, which are liable to bleed. Variceal bleeding is dangerous, leading to haemodynamic destabilisation and death, and thus requires emergency intervention. Treatments include medications and endoscopic suturing, sclerotherapy, ligation or embolisation. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a high-risk option that can relieve the underlying portal hypertension. People with a stoma and cirrhosis may develop peristomal varices (caput medusae), which are at risk of copious bleeding. These require immediate treatment, followed by the stoma care nurse reconsidering the stoma management routine and appliance use to reduce the risk of rebleeding.
Evaluation Method of Efficient Power Marketing Strategy Based on Multi-dimensional Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Da Chang , Zhang Tianyi , Ma Guohan , Wang Jingfeng , Liu Ru
Published: May 2023

In the power system, power marketing is a very important work. How to evaluate whether the currently used power marketing strategy is efficient and useful has always been the most important concern of the power system. This paper proposes an efficient electricity marketing strategy evaluation method based on multi-dimensional clustering algorithm, aiming to evaluate whether a new policy has an incentive effect on enterprises through the means of big data. First, we use big data to group motivated users, and then analyze the effect of personalized marketing and key marketing on target customer groups. Based on the existing marketing methods, the influence of different target groups is analyzed, and finally the feasibility of the proposed method is verified through two experiments. In the A and B companies selected in Experiment 1, the average errors of the predicted value and the actual value are 1.4% and 1.2%, respectively. For the 12 industries in the C area selected in experiment 2, the average error between the predicted value and the actual value is 0.55%. Both experiments show that the method proposed in this paper has certain applicability. The method in this paper can be applied to the marketing process of the power supply company, and the corresponding promotion strategy is put forward, which is helpful to improve the management level of the power supply enterprise and increase the economic income of the power supply enterprise.
A study of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Practices in the Indian Energy sector
Authors: Arora Himanshu , Anwer Naqui , Narula Sapna A
Published: May 2023

The study examines the sustainability disclosures of the Indian energy companies and maps these with respect to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As a part of the study, eighteen energy companies’ publicly available sustainability disclosure data from their sustainability reports were analysed with respect to their performance towards their SDGs. The study has mapped sustainability disclosures and analysed the company’s contribution towards the SDGs by assessing the linked Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) indicators with the SDGs. To analyse the contribution towards SDGs, the criteria were applied to the GRI – compliant sustainability reports for the selected eighteen major energy companies. As a part of the methodology, the companies were categorized by the size of the companies (market capitalization), type (Govt. Vs Private) and Industry (as per UNFCCC segmentation under the Energy sector). The study discloses that SDG 10 and SDG 11 are among the SDGs for which most of the companies have not disclosed sustainability performance, whereas SDG 4, SDG 5 and SDG 9 are the SDGs for which the most contribution is evident as compared to other SDGs. The study contributes to the understanding of sustainability disclosure practises of the companies that are in different stages of adoption of sustainability reporting.
The findings of the study contribute to making the disclosures of the company is more relevant to SDGs. Particularly, it is one of the first studies on Indian energy companies to assess sustainability disclosure performance in the context of SDGs.
Flexible Survivability in Next-Generation Multi-Band Optical Transport Networks
Authors: Eira António , Souza André , Pedro João
Published: May 2023

We evaluate survivable network design options in the scope of C+L long-haul systems with high baud-rate channels. The analysis shows how design margins required for different failure response levels significantly affect resource and cost efficiency.
Automatic Turbulence Resilience in Self-Coherent Free-Space Optical Communications
Authors: Zhang Runzhou , Su Xinzhou , Song Hao , Zhou Huibin , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: May 2023

We review the recently reported self-coherent approaches that can enable resilient free-space optical communications using automatic optoelectronic multi-mode mixing.
Combined parametric and denoising passive amplification by FWM-based oversampling and Talbot-based decimation
Authors: Fernández Manuel P. , Kaushal Saket , Crockett Benjamin , Bulus-Rossini Laureano A. , Costanzo-Caso Pablo A. , Azaña José
Published: May 2023

We present an optical waveform amplification methodology combining parametric and denoising passive amplification through all-fiber oversampling and dispersion-induced decimation. We demonstrate peak-to-peak gains up to 17 dB and effective denoising of MHz-bandwidth optical signals.
225 Gb/s PAM4 2 km and 10 km Transmission of EMLs with Hybrid Waveguide Structure for 800GbE and 1.6TbE Transceivers
Authors: Uchiyama Asami , Okuda Shinya , Hokama Yohei , Shirao Mizuki , Abe Kenichi , Yamatoya Takeshi
Published: May 2023

We experimentally demonstrated 10 km transmission of 225 Gb/s PAM4 modulation signal using our developed high-speed EMLs with a hybrid waveguide structure. Clear eye patterns were observed with 5 taps of TDECQ reference equalizer.
MCF Manufacturing
Authors: Mukasa Kazunori
Published: May 2023

To actually apply MCFs in the real systems, we still have several challenges to overcome. One of them is the MCF manufacturing technology including measurements and we will describe the current situations and future prospective.
First 100 Gb/s monolithically integrated electronic-photonic coherent receiver with direct edge coupling to standard single mode fiber array
Authors: Osman A. , Winzer G. , Mai C. , Peczek A. , Voigt K. , Dorward W. , Lischke S. , Inac M. , Malignaggi A. , Zimmermann L. , Sourikopoulos I. , Stampoulidis L.
Published: May 2023

We report fabrication, assembly and testing of the first >100 Gb/s monolithic electronic-photonic coherent receiver chip and sub-assembly, edge coupled to standard single mode fiber array.
Developments of VCSEL-based transceivers for Co-Packaging
Authors: Kuchta Daniel M.
Published: May 2023

This paper covers recent industry developments in VCSEL-based transceivers that are designed for co-packaging on a first level package with ASICs, such as CPUs, GPUs, and data center switches.
Software-defined, programmable L1 dataplane: demonstration of fabric hardware resilience using optical switches
Authors: Patronas Giannis , Syrivelis Dimitris , Bakopoulos Paraskevas , Kashinkunti Prethvi , Capps Louis , Argyris Nikos , Terzenidis Nikos , Zahavi Eitan , Yeager Luke , Mentovich Elad , Bernauer Julie
Published: May 2023

We propose a programmable optical fabric design for Data Center networks that extends SDN to L1. We present experiments on our HPC/ML testbed leveraging the programmable network to automatically failover from hardware or software failures.
Revisiting Probabilistic Constellation Shaping in Unamplified Coherent Optical Links
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz M. , Silva Jorge H. , Neves Manuel S. , Guiomar Fernando P. , Medeiros Maria C. R. , Monteiro Paulo P.
Published: May 2023

Considering an unamplified 4 00ZR-compatible system, we experimentally demonstrate that the reverse Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution significantly enhances PCS performance. With bit-rate adaptation down to 250 Gbps, we find power budget gains of more than 2 dB.
A simple 25 and 12.5 Gb/s dual-rate burst-mode receiver compliant with ITU-T G.9804.3 N1-class
Authors: Suga Hayato , Kawanaka Takanori , Yoshima Satoshi , Shirai Satoshi
Published: May 2023

Our simple dual-rate burst-mode receiver in a TO-46 package is compliant with the 50G-PON N1-class specifications. Receiver sensitivities of -26.5 dBm and -27.8 dBm were achieved for 25 and 12.5 Gb/s signals with 200 ns preamble length.
100G and Beyond for PON and Short Reach Optical Networks
Authors: Hu Weisheng , Zhu Yixiao
Published: May 2023

This tutorial focuses on the key technologies for fixed- and mobile-oriented PONs. The former includes direct, simplified coherent, and self-coherent detections, and the latter incudes RoF, CPRI and eCPRI, integrated and hybrid D/A over fibers.
Net 1 Tbps Multi-user Indoor FSO Downlink Over 25 m based on cost-effective point-to-multipoint coherent optics and probabilistic shaping
Authors: Cheng Chen , Li Xueyang , Jin Yongchao , He Zhixue , Yang Yanfu , Hu Weisheng
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a cost-effective point-to-multipoint free-space optical downlink using digital subcarriers and achieve an aggregated net data rate beyond 1 Tbps over 25 m with 8 edge nodes while meeting the eye-safety standard.
Advances in Fiber Technologies for Subsea Systems
Authors: Spalding Marsha A. , Pilipetskii Alexei
Published: May 2023

This paper will provide a view of several future Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) approaches to support more transmission paths within a subsea cable and their effects on the practicalities of submarine system manufacturing and deployment.
Autoencoder Learning of Nonlinear Constellation Shape for Fiber-Wireless Convergence System
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhang Jiao , Zhu Min , Tong Weidong , Xin Zhigang , Wang Yunwu , Lei Mingzheng , Hua Bingchang , Cai Yuancheng , Zou Yucong , Yu Jianjun
Published: May 2023

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel nonlinear constellation shape auto optimization method with a complex-valued 2D-ANN equalizer. Up to 70% lower BER compared with the conventional format is achieved at 50 Gbps in fiber-MMW system.
Demonstration of an Ultra-High-Responsivity All-Silicon Avalanche Photodetectors
Authors: Peng Yiwei , Yuan Yuan , Sorin Wayne V. , Cheung Stanley , Huang Zhihong , Fiorentino Marco , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate an all-Si 20 Gb/s microring avalanche photodiodes with a responsivity of more than 65 A/W. This is the first all-Si APD that can compete with current commercial Ge and III-V photodetectors.
A Vectorised Packing Algorithm for Efficient Generation of Custom Traffic Matrices
Authors: Parsonson Christoper W. F. , Benjamin Joshua L. , Zervas Georgios
Published: May 2023

We propose a new algorithm for generating custom network traffic matrices which achieves 13 ×, 38 ×, and 70 × faster generation times than prior work on networks with 64, 256, and 1024 nodes respectively.
A more than 20 Mrad/s speed RSOP monitoring method with large PMD tolerance in optical coherent communication systems
Authors: Shan Linan , Zhang Xiaoguang , Sun Peng , Yao Guanghao , Zhao Wanxin , Xi Lixia , Xiao Xiaosheng
Published: May 2023

We propose a RSOP monitoring method, integrated in DSP of the coherent receiver, which can reach the RSOP speed of more than 20Mrad/s with tolerance for residual CD and large PMD along with second PMD.
800 Gbps Silicon Photonics Transmitter PIC with Integrated Lasers in an Open Market Platform
Authors: Piels Molly , Sonkoly John , Szczerba Krzysztof , Gomez Brandon , Yun Han , Bauters Jared , Zhao Hongwei , Williams Mark , Parker John , Ramaswamy Anand , Norberg Erik
Published: May 2023

An uncooled 800Gb/s-DR8 silicon photonics transmitter PIC with fully integrated lasers and 1.0 Vpp drive swing modulators in an open market platform is demonstrated for data center applications.
Open RAN Mobile Access: The View of an Operator on an End-To-End Implementation
Authors: Cavazzoni Carlo , Caretti Marco , Percelsi Alessandro , Agus Mauro
Published: May 2023

This paper describes some challenges that an operator must face when setting up the environment to evaluate end-to-end 5G mobile networks, with a specific focus on the RAN segment implemented by disaggregated Open RAN solutions.
Implementation of Robotic Optical Fiber Switches for Network Diagnostics and Other Data Center Use Cases
Authors: Gibbemeyer Alan , Kewitsch Anthony , Shine Robert , Voicu Ramiro
Published: May 2023

Optical fiber switches can add diagnostic capability to maintain performance in high-speed optical link, reduce power and cost in hyperscale front-end networks, and improve the training speed in machine learning clusters.
8-Channel CWDM TOSA for CPO External Laser Sources Employing a Blind Mate Optical Connector
Authors: Sawamura Taketsugu , Nagai Kyoko , Kashima Kazuhiko , Umeta Kohei , Takeda Daiki , Saito Tsunetoshi , Nasu Hideyuki
Published: May 2023

We report an 8-channel CWDM TOSA designed for CPO ELS modules adopted with a blind mate optical connector. The mechanical size of the TOSA is as small as 22.5 mm × 13.0 mm × 4.0 mm to be built in a standard QSFP housing. The pigtailed PMF cables are 180-degree turned to draw back to the card edge. The length of pigtailed PMF cables is as short as 95 mm. The fiber- coupled power is >20 dBm over the case temperature range of 25 C to 55 C. The polarization orientation of PMFs attached to a standard 12-lane MT ferrule is set to the horizontal slow axis and the measured PER is >20 dB for all channels.
QoT Estimation Improvement with Inputs Refinement Tool for C+L Networks
Authors: Yang Xin , Ferrari Alessio , Morette Nathalie , Pointurier Yvan
Published: May 2023

We propose a technique to estimate lumped losses thus OSNR, nonlinear SNR, GSNR, and SNR in C+L optical networks. We show with simulations that SNR estimation accuracy is within 0.5dB and that the technique is robust to uncertainty due to aging.
Optical polarization properties of TPP2MnBr4 perovskite crystal adjusted by the self-trapping state
Authors: Yang Song , Sui Ning , Zhou Qiang , Wang Kai , Wu Min , Xie Renguo , Meng Xiangdong , Zhang Hanzhuang , Wang Yinghui
Published: May 2023

Low-dimensional networked organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide crystal has become an emerging hotspot material due to its opportunities and advantages in the development of white-light-emitting diodes. Therefore, its photoluminescence (PL) mechanism is important. Herein, we study the PL behavior of columniform TPP2MnBr4 crystals using multi-spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent PL data show that the PL of the TPP2MnBr4 crystal originates from the recombination of a self-trapping exciton. A polarization-dependent PL test suggests that the self-trapping exciton is anisotropic, which indicates that the distribution of self-trapping states is sensitive to the orientation of the crystal axis. Space-resolved PL spectroscopy shows that the anisotropy of PL gradually weakens along the orientation of the columniform crystal, which has a longer relaxation distance than traditional light-wave-guiding behavior. Thus, anisotropy of PL can exist before it disappears in the crystal. Our results elucidate the PL mechanism of low-dimensional networked organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide crystals and provide a foundation for advanced optical polarization devices based on them.
Robust decorrelation-based iterative algorithm for accurate phase extraction from disturbed fringe patterns
Authors: Zhao Sizepeng , Li Yang , Wu Zhou , Zhang Wenxi
Published: May 2023

We propose an accurate and robust phase extraction method for phase-shifting interferometry to reduce the phase ripple error caused by illumination, contrast, phase-shift spatiotemporal variation, and intensity harmonics. In this method, a general physical model of interference fringes is constructed, and the parameters are decoupled using a Taylor expansion linearization approximation. In the iterative process, the estimated illumination and contrast spatial distributions are decorrelated from the phase, thus reducing damage to the algorithm’s robustness caused by a large number of linear model approximations. To the best of our knowledge, no method has been able to extract the phase distribution robustly and with high accuracy while considering all of these error sources simultaneously without imposing constraints inconsistent with the practical conditions.
Rest-frame analysis of rotating metamaterials, gyroscopes, and century-old problems in number theory [Invited]
Authors: Geva Tomer , Steinberg Ben Z.
Published: May 2023

We discuss the electrodynamics of slowly rotating metamaterials as observed in their rest frame of reference, using first order polarizability theory. A formulation governing the response of an arbitrary array of scatterers to excitation under rotation is provided and used to explore the rotation footprint properties, with applications to non-reciprocal dynamics, rotation sensors and optical gyroscopes. The metamaterial sensitivity to rotation is rigorously defined, and the associated physical mechanisms are exposed. These can be intimately related to two century-old problems in number theory: the no-three-in-line problem (N3IL), and the Heilbronn triangle problem. New arrays, base on Erdős solution to the former, are proposed and their sensitivity to rotation is explored. It is shown that structures inspired by Erdős solution may achieve rotation sensitivities that outperform that of the Sagnac loop gyroscope. The average and peak performances of ensembles of random arrays are also explored. The effect of signal noise on the rotation sensitivity is studied. It is shown that the additional degrees of freedom suggested by metamaterial approach to rotation sensing can be used to minimize the negative effect of signal noise on the smallest detectable rotation rate. Furthermore, we show that the systematic N3IL constructions inspired by Erdős encapsulates most of the significant factors leading to enhanced rotation-sensitive metamaterials.
Optical performance measurement methods for whole slide imaging devices employing a Bayer color imager
Authors: Hayashi Shinichi , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Yoneyama Takashi
Published: May 2023

Whole slide imaging (WSI) is a widely used digitalization technique to record microscopic images of a whole-stained tissue sample on a glass slide. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides guidelines for methods used to evaluate various WSI devices. However, the designated evaluation methods for guidance are not always optimal. To this end, novel inspection methods are proposed, which fulfill the requirements of FDA guidance, and then deployed to evaluate the measurement accuracy of our laboratory-built WSI device that employs a 2D Bayer imager. The proposed methods demonstrably evaluate distortion, chromatic aberration, and field curvature with the required precision.
Observation of colossal terahertz magnetoresistance and magnetocapacitance in a perovskite manganite
Authors: Tay Fuyang , Chaudhary Swati , He Jiaming , Marquez Peraca Nicolas , Baydin Andrey , Fiete Gregory A. , Zhou Jianshi , Kono Junichiro
Published: May 2023

Terahertz (THz) magnetoresistance effects have been extensively investigated and have shown promising results for applications in magnetic modulations of the amplitude of THz waves. However, THz magnetocapacitance in dielectric systems, which is essential for phase modulations of THz radiation, remains largely unexplored. Here, we study the THz response of a bulk single crystal of La0.875Sr0.125MnO3 at around its Curie temperature, observing significant magnetic-field-induced changes in the THz resistance and capacitance extracted from the optical conductivity. We discuss possible mechanisms for the observed coexistence of colossal THz magnetoresistance and magnetocapacitance in a perovskite manganite that is not multiferroic. This work enhances our understanding of colossal magnetoresistance in a complex system with THz spectroscopy and demonstrates potential use of perovskite manganites in THz technology.
The prevalence and risk factors for tuberculosis among healthcare workers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Main Stephanie , Triasih Rina , Greig Jane , Hidayat Arif , Brilliandi Immanuel Billy , Khodijah Syarifah , Chan Geoff , Wilks Nova , Parry Amy Elizabeth , Nababan Betty , du Cros Philipp , Dwihardiani Bintari
Published: May 2023

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of contracting TB, particularly when in high tuberculosis (TB) burden settings. Routine surveillance data and evidence are limited on the burden of TB amongst HCWs in Indonesia. We aimed to measure the prevalence of TB infection (TBI) and disease among HCWs in four healthcare facilities in Yogyakarta province in Indonesia, and explore risk factors for TBI. A cross-sectional TB screening study targeted all HCWs from four pre-selected facilities (1 hospital, 3 primary care) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Voluntary screening included symptom assessment, Chest X-ray (CXR), Xpert MTB/RIF (if indicated) and tuberculin skin test (TST). Analyses were descriptive and included multivariable logistic regression. Of 792 HCWs, 681 consented (86%) to the screening; 59% (n = 401) were female, 62% were medical staff (n = 421), 77% worked in the one participating hospital (n = 524), and the median time working in the health sector was 13 years (IQR: 6–25 years). Nearly half had provided services for people with TB (46%, n = 316) and 9% reported ever having TB (n = 60). Among participants with presumptive TB (15%, n = 99/662), none were diagnosed microbiologically or clinically with active TB disease. TBI was detected in 25% (95% CI: 22–30; n = 112/441) of eligible HCWs with a TST result. A significant association was found between TB infection and being male (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2.02 (95%CI: 1.29–3.17)), currently working in the participating hospital compared to primary care (aOR 3.15 (95%CI: 1.75–5.66)), and older age (1.05 OR increase per year of life between 19–73 years (95%CI: 1.02–1.06)). This study supports prioritisation of HCWs as a high-risk group for TB infection and disease, and the need for comprehensive prevention and control programs in Indonesia. Further, it identifies characteristics of HCWs in Yogyakarta at higher risk of TBI, who could be prioritised in screening programs if universal coverage of prevention and control measures cannot be achieved.
How do older women perceive the occupations and activities within their maternal role? Findings from an exploratory survey
Authors: Maman Ruth , Rand Debbie , Avrech Bar Michal
Published: May 2023

Background

Participation in meaningful everyday occupations and life-roles is crucial to the health and wellbeing of older adults. However, little is known regarding meaningful life-roles of older women. Although the maternal-role remains meaningful to women throughout their life, previous literature focused on earlier stages of motherhood.

Aims

To describe the occupations and perceptions within the maternal-role of older women.

Materials and method

An online survey was distributed via social media. It included closed and open-ended questions regarding the engagement and relatedness of occupations to the maternal-role; and the perceptions of older women towards their maternal-role. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis was used to analyze data from open-ended questions.

Results

The survey was answered by 317 community-dwelling older mothers (aged 65–87). High frequency of engagement and relatedness of occupations to the maternal-role were found. Most participants perceived the maternal-role as a never-ending and evolving life role. Seven categories, describing both ’doing’ and ’being’ aspects of the maternal-role, were identified.

Conclusion

The maternal-role is meaningful to older women. It continues to develop over time, and includes new occupations which have not been central at earlier stages of motherhood.

Significance

These findings have significant implications for healthcare professionals striving to promote healthy aging by enhancing the participation of older women in meaningful occupations. Further research is needed to broaden the understanding of the unique characteristics of the maternal-role at older age.
Calcineurin-inhibitor free immunosuppression after lung transplantation – a single center case-control study in 51 patients converted to Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors
Authors: Gottlieb Jens , Fischer Bettina , Schupp Jonas C. , Golpon Heiko
Published: May 2023

Background

Data on calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) free immunosuppression after lung transplantation (LTx) are limited. Aim of this study was to investigate CNI-free immunosuppression using mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors.

Methods

This retrospective analysis was performed at a single center. Adult patients after LTx without CNI during the follow-up period were included. Outcome was compared to those LTx patients with malignancy who continued CNI.

Results

Among 2,099 patients in follow-up, fifty-one (2.4%) were converted median 6.2 years after LTx to a CNI-free regimen combining mTOR inhibitors with prednisolone and an antimetabolite, two patients were switched to mTOR inhibitors with prednisolone only. In 25 patients, malignancies without curative treatment options were the reason of the conversion, with a 1-year survival of 36%. The remaining patients had a 1-year survival of 100%. Most common non-malignant indication was neurological complications (n = 9). Fifteen patients were re-converted to a CNI-based regimen. The median duration of CNI-free immunosuppression was 338 days. No acute rejections were detected in 7 patients with follow-up biopsies. In multivariate analysis, CNI-free immunosuppression were not associated with improved survival after malignancy. The majority of patients with neurological diseases improved 12 months after conversion. Glomerular filtration rate increased by median 5 (25 and 75% percentiles -6; +18) ml/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusions

mTOR inhibitor based CNI-free immunosuppression may be safely performed in selected patients after LTx. This approach was not associated with improved survival in patients with malignancy. Significant functional improvements were observed in patients with neurological diseases.