bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation and Testing of Water Impact of Structural Attachment Elements of a Reusable Thermal Protection System
Authors: Dhanasekaran M.P. , Balamurali A.G. , Sundararajan T. , Jothi Ramalingam.A. , Dileep R. , Sankaranarayanan B. , Mohan M.
Published: August 2011

Multiple mission reuse capability has become extremely important, towards reducing costs of space transportation. Carbon / Carbon (C/C) composites are well proven, functionally, for repeated use in re-entry missions. A re-entry capsule with sphere-cone-flare external shape, currently under realisation, will fly with C/C Thermal Protection System (TPS) in its peak heating region. The biggest challenge in design of such a reusable hot structure TPS is the management of thermo-structural loads. Differential Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) is the main cause of stress on the structural assembly elements. A set of flexible super alloy attachment brackets have been configured to take care of this differential thermal expansion of various TPS elements. The brackets also have to survive the impact transient load, on splashdown. This load was estimated using explicit non linear Finite Element method by considering the whole structure a rigid body. A separate FE model with actual stiffness of the structural attachments and the hot structure was generated, to predict the stresses caused by the load. In order to demonstrate the margins and survivability of the assembly, as a whole, a water impact test with actual qualification model of the assembly was carried out in a 10 m deep shock tank. The test also helped to validate the prediction. Considering factors such as cost, time and process constraints involved in realising C/C TPS for the test, it was decided to replace the same with an equivalent structure that satisfied all design and functional requirements. The test article was dropped vertically to simulate an impact velocity of 12 m/s and was adequately instrumented with accelerometers and strain gauges. The test results correlate reasonably well with the prediction.
Application of 3D Traction Force Microscopy to Mechanotransduction of Cell Clusters
Authors: Notbohm Jacob , Kim Jin Hong , Asthagiri Anand , Ravichandran Guruswami
Published: August 2011

With increasing understanding of the important role mechanics plays in cell behavior, the experimental technique of traction force microscopy has grown in popularity over the past decade. While researchers have assumed that cells on a flat substrate apply tractions in only two dimensions, a finite element simulation is discussed here that demonstrates how cells apply tractions in all three dimensions. Three dimensional traction force microscopy is then used to experimentally confirm the finite element results. Finally, the implications that the traction distributions of cell clusters have on the study of inhibition of proliferation due to cell contact and scattering of cells in a cluster are discussed.
Determination of a Rubber-Like Material Model as an Inverse Problem
Authors: Derewonko Agnieszka , Kiczko Andrzej
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this paper is to describe the selection process of a rubber-like material model useful for simulation behaviour of an inflatable air cushion under multi-axial stress states. The air cushion is a part of a single segment of a pontoon bridge. The air cushion is constructed of a polyester fabric reinforced membrane such as Hypalon®. From a numerical point of view such a composite type poses a challenge since numerical ill-conditioning can occur due to stiffness differences between rubber and fabric. Due to the analysis of the large deformation dynamic response of the structure, the LS-Dyna code is used. Since LS-Dyna contains more than two-hundred constitutive models the inverse method is used to determine parameters characterizing the material on the base of results of the experimental test.
Evaluation of the Integrity of a Human Molar under Compressive Loading Using 3-D Axial Tomography
Authors: Beltrán-Fernández Juan Alfonso , Espinal Gutiérrez Y. , Hernández-Gómez Luis Héctor , Urriolagoitia-Calderón Guillermo , Gómez-Medina D. , Espinal-Gutiérrez B. , Urriolagoitia-Sosa Guillermo , Rodríguez-Escalante E.
Published: August 2011

This paper reports a structural integrity analysis of a first human molar tooth. In this study, the loading condition caused by different sort of food was simulated. In order to cover a wide range, the resultant stress field evaluation was evaluated when a compressive load varied between 70N and 150 N. The finite element model was created using 3-D Computed Tomography and SCAN IP V.4 software. In the experimental analysis, reflective photoelasticity was used and the specimens were loaded with a Universal Testing Machine. The results show that stress concentrations are developed over the crown surface. The range of the top von Mises stress, for the loading cases mentioned above, is between 1.05 MPa and 3.46 MPa. The tooth geometry distributes gently the resultant stress on its root.
Finite Element Validation of the over-Coring Deep-Hole Drilling Technique
Authors: Hossain Sayeed , Kingston Ed J. , Truman Christopher E. , Smith David John
Published: August 2011

The main objective of the present study is to validate a simple over-coring deep-hole drilling (oDHD) residual stress measurement technique by utilising finite element simulations of the technique. A number of three dimensional (3D) finite element analyses (FEA) were carried out to explore the influence of material removal and the cutting sequence during the deep-hole drilling (DHD) residual stress measurement process on the initial residual stress field. Two models were considered in the study. First, the residual stress field predicted in a rapid spray water quenched solid cylinder was used as the initial stress field for the DHD FE model. The DHD reconstructed residual stresses were compared with the initial FE predicted stresses. Different cutting sequences and different dimensions were systematically simulated before arriving at an optimum solution for the oDHD technique. The oDHD technique significantly improved the spatial resolution and was applied in a second model consisting of a 40mm thick butt-welded pipe. The DHD reconstructed residual stresses compared very well with the initial FE predicted weld residual stress thereby validating the oDHD technique.
The Development of a Reference Material for Calibration of Full-Field Optical Measurement Systems for Dynamic Deformation Measurements
Authors: Davighi Andrea , Burguete Richard L. , Feligiotti Mara , Hack Erwin , James Simon , Patterson Eann A , Siebert Thorsten , Whelan Maurice P.
Published: August 2011

A reference material is defined as material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process. Reference materials provide a simple definition of the measured quantity that can be traced to an international standard and can be used to assess the uncertainty associated with a measurement system. Previous work established a reference material and procedure for calibrating full-field optical systems suitable for measuring static, in-plane strain distributions. Efforts are now underway to extend this work to the calibration of systems capable of measuring three-dimensional deformation fields induced by dynamic loading. The important attributes for a dynamic reference material have been identified in a systematic and rational fashion, which have been subsequently translated into a generic design specification. Initial prototypes of candidate designs have been produced and evaluated using experimental modal analysis and digital speckle interferometry, and the results have been compared with finite element analyses. Based on the outcome of this initial evaluation, further refinements in design and manufacturing are proposed.
Multi-Scale Modeling of Heterogeneous Materials and the Validation Challenge
Authors: Pearce Chris , Kaczmarczyk Lukasz
Published: August 2011

This paper considers multi-scale modeling strategies for heterogeneous materials while also highlighting the problems of determining experimentally the micro-scale properties and validating such techniques. Multi-scale modeling techniques enable us to capture the influence of (evolving) heterogeneous material microstructures on the overall macroscopic behavior. This paper discusses computational multi-scale modeling techniques for problems both with and without poor scale separation. In developing these powerful multi-scale modeling techniques, the obvious challenge of validating both the material behavior at multiple scales and the associated scale transition methodologies, using advances in material characterization and experimental mechanics, comes into sharp focus and this will be briefly explored here.
Application of FBGs Grids for Damage Detection and Localisation
Authors: Majewska Katarzyna , Mieloszyk Magdalena , Ostachowicz Wieslaw
Published: August 2011

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technology allows significant improvement of safety of structures and ecological awareness. SHM systems allow users to reduce maintenance costs which are directly connected with non-destructive techniques used for monitoring of important structures. In this paper Authors present an applications of Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs) for damage detection and damage localisation in isotropic beam. FBGs sensors are excellent tools for evaluating conditions of a structure due to their sensitivity, small size and weight as well the immunity of the sensors to electromagnetic field interferences.
Opioid therapy for chronic pain: Physicians’ attitude and current practice patterns
Authors: Chen, MD Lucy , Houghton, BA Mary , Seefeld, BS Lindsey , Malarick, BSN, RN Charlene , Mao, MD, PhD Jianren
Published: August 2011

Although opioid therapy is widely used for the treatment of chronic pain conditions, there is a lack of consensus on a number of practical issues related to the use of prescription opioids. The authors conducted a comprehensive practice-oriented survey to examine physicians’ attitudes, knowledge, experience, and practice patterns regarding opioid therapy for chronic pain management. The survey was conducted during 2007 and 2008 through nationwide direct mails and e-mails to physicians who are currently practicing in the United States. The survey contained 23 questions divided into six categories: (1) physicians’ overall view on opioid therapy for chronic pain management; (2) clinical indications for opioid therapy; (3) patient-related factors influencing the decision to begin opioid therapy; (4) effectiveness of opioid therapy; (5) choice of opioid regimen; and (6) opioid agreement and opioid abuse behavior. The survey results suggest that opioid therapy remains as an important treatment option for chronic malignant and nonmalignant pain. However, the survey results should be viewed in the context of a low response rate (18.2 percent). These results also suggest that by improving the clinical knowledge of physicians participating in opioid therapy through education and collaboration, including a team approach with consultation from pain specialists, psychologists, and others, a better outcome for opioid therapy in patients with chronic pain conditions could be achieved.
Analgesic treatment for moderate-to-severe acute pain in the United States: Patients’ perspectives in the Physicians Partnering Against Pain (P3) Survey
Authors: Moskovitz, MD Bruce L. , Benson, MS Carmela J. , Patel, MBA, PharmD Aarti A. , Chow, MPH, PharmD Wing , Mody, MBA, PharmD Samir H. , McCarberg, MD Bill H. , Kim, MBA, MA, PhD Myoung S.
Published: August 2011

Objectives: To evaluate patients’ perceptions of the adequacy of analgesia for moderate-to-severe acute pain and the influence of opioid-related side effects in outpatient pain management.Setting: The Physicians Partnering Against Pain (P3) survey of analgesic treatment for moderate-to-severe acute pain in the United States.Patients: Adults with moderate-to-severe acute pain at their first analgesic followup visit.Main outcome measures: Analgesic level was determined from the World Health Organization’s pain ladder (0 = none; 1 = nonopioid; 2 = weak opioid; 3 = strong opioid). Pain intensity was derived from numeric rating scale (NRS) scores (0 = none [NRS = 0]; 1 = mild [NRS = 1-3]; 2 = moderate [NRS = 4-7]; 3 = severe [NRS = 8-10]). Pain management index scores were calculated as the analgesic level minus the pain intensity. Opioid recipients responded to questions on the P3 survey regarding side effects and their management.Results: Of the 50,869 patients with complete data for analysis, 22,267 (44 percent) had received potentially inadequate analgesia, including 43, 46, and 52 percent of patients aged <65, 65-74, and ≥75 years, respectively. Of the 39,675 patients treated with an opioid, 10,925 (28 percent) experienced at least one gastrointestinal side effect (nausea, vomiting, or constipation). Many of these patients stopped taking the medication (13 percent) or reduced their dose (16 percent) to manage gastrointestinal side effects.Conclusions: In the P3 study, one of the largest outpatient surveys conducted in pain management, moderate-to-severe acute pain continued to be widely undertreated in outpatient settings in the United States, particularly among older patients. Opioids with improved tolerability profiles might help to alleviate this undertreatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain.
Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults receiving opioid therapy for chronic pain
Authors: Lavin, MD Robert , Park, PhD Juyoung
Published: August 2011

Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults receiving prescription opioids for chronic pain.Design: This was a cross-sectional research design. A survey was used to gather demographic information, pain severity, health status, and factors associated with depressive symptoms.Setting: Eleven outpatient clinics affiliated with the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Maryland Medical System were included.Participants: One hundred sixty-three older adults receiving opioid medications for chronic pain were recruited.Outcome measures: Depressive symptoms were assessed via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10).Results: Univariate, bivariate, and ordinary least square (OLS) regression analyses were conducted to identify frequencies and to address the research questions. Nearly 40 percent of the elderly opioid therapy patients had depressive symptoms on the CESD-10. Bivariate analysis revealed that higher levels of pain severity were related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. OLS regression analysis revealed four risk factors significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms: higher pain severity, lower levels of functional status, lower levels of spirituality, and lower levels of social support. Age, gender, living alone, and perception of health status were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Depression is an underdiagnosed, treatable pain comorbidity that should be evaluated in older patients receiving opioid therapy. Undertreated depression in chronic pain patients receiving opioid medications may explain suboptimal improvement in pain and functional status despite increasing opioid dosage.
Analgesic efficacy of intravenous naloxone for the treatment of postoperative pruritus: A meta-analysis
Authors: Murphy, MD Jamie D. , Gelfand, MD Harold J. , Bicket, MD Mark C. , Ouanes, DO Jean-Pierre P. , Kumar, MD Kanupriya K. , Isaac, MD, PhD Gillian R. , Wu, MD Christopher L.
Published: August 2011

Objectives: Pruritus may be a significant problem for patients in the postoperative period. There are many options for the treatment of pruritus including intravenous (IV) naloxone. However, it is not clear whether the use of IV naloxone may also affect analgesia or other opioid-related side effects. The authors have performed a systematic review to further examine this issue.Methods: Systematic literature searches of the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed and EMBASE databases were conducted using terms related to postoperative use of IV naloxone. Only randomized controlled trials comparing IV naloxone used either as a continuous infusion or part of an IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) regimen after surgical procedures were considered. The data on pertinent study characteristics and relevant outcomes were extracted from accepted articles. There was no restriction on language for inclusion. Meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager 4.2.10 (The Cochrane Collaboration, 2004). A random effects model was used.Results: The literature searches yielded eight articles that met all inclusion criteria. There were a total of 424 subjects in the naloxone group and 376 in the saline group. The authors found that the use of naloxone was associated with a decreased risk for pruritus (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21-0.79, p = 0.006] and nausea [OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43-0.89, p = 0.009]. However, the use of IV naloxone (vs no naloxone) did not significantly influence the risk of postoperative emesis [OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.70-1.33, p = 0.83], opioid consumption [OR = 0.29, 95% CI = −3.54-4.13, p = 0.88], or sedation [OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.38-1.74, p = 0.60]. Finally, the use of IV naloxone did not appear to be associated with any significant change in visual analog score pain scores at 24 hours postoperatively (weighted mean difference = −0.14, 95% CI = −0.50-0.23, p = 0.46).Conclusions: Our pooled analysis examining the analgesic efficacy of IV naloxone (either as a continuous infusion or IV PCA) revealed that naloxone was associated with a decrease in pruritus and nausea without any increase in pain scores. When compared with controls, the use of IV naloxone was not associated with any significant changes in opioid consumption or with the risk of sedation or emesis.
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The Commonwealth of Virginia
Authors: Zugelder Michael , Strangways Raymond , Rubin Bruce L.
Published: August 2011

This article presents the legal framework for computation of economic damages in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Attention is given to the case law and statutory provisions governing damages for personal injury and wrongful death actions. The categories of damages are reviewed with specific consideration given to Virginia law's limited judicial precedent, conservative tort law, and evidentiary requirements for admissibility of expert testimony to establish economic loss. Included in the discussion is an analysis of law controlling the establishment of future losses.
Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols
Authors: Niinemets Ü. , Kuhn U. , Harley P. C. , Staudt M. , Arneth A. , Cescatti A. , Ciccioli P. , Copolovici L. , Geron C. , Guenther A. , Kesselmeier J. , Lerdau M. T. , Monson R. K. , Peñuelas J.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. The capacity for volatile isoprenoid production under standardized environmental conditions at a certain time (ES, the emission factor) is a key characteristic in constructing isoprenoid emission inventories. However, there is large variation in published ES estimates for any given species partly driven by dynamic modifications in ES due to acclimation and stress responses. Here we review additional sources of variation in ES estimates that are due to measurement and analytical techniques and calculation and averaging procedures, and demonstrate that estimations of ES critically depend on applied experimental protocols and on data processing and reporting. A great variety of experimental setups has been used in the past, contributing to study-to-study variations in ES estimates. We suggest that past experimental data should be distributed into broad quality classes depending on whether the data can or cannot be considered quantitative based on rigorous experimental standards. Apart from analytical issues, the accuracy of ES values is strongly driven by extrapolation and integration errors introduced during data processing. Additional sources of error, especially in meta-database construction, can further arise from inconsistent use of units and expression bases of ES. We propose a standardized experimental protocol for BVOC estimations and highlight basic meta-information that we strongly recommend to report with any ES measurement. We conclude that standardization of experimental and calculation protocols and critical examination of past reports is essential for development of accurate emission factor databases.
Apathy and Anhedonia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kaji Yoshiaki , Hirata Koichi
Published: August 2011

Depression, apathy, and anhedonia are often comorbid in patients with Parkinson's disease. Since the morbid states of apathy and anhedonia are complicated, these symptoms are often difficult to diagnose. Several therapeutic methods for apathy and anhedonia are considered effective. However, the validity of these methods has not been established. Similar to depression, apathy and anhedonia clearly affect the quality of life of patients and their families. Therefore, accurate diagnoses of morbid states in the early stage of the disease and corresponding appropriate treatments should be given high priority.
Series Prediction Based on Algebraic Approximants
Authors: Homeier Herbert H. H.
Published: August 2011

It is described how the Hermite-Padé polynomials corresponding to an algebraic approximant for a power series may be used to predict coefficients of the power series that have not been used to compute the Hermite-Padé polynomials. A recursive algorithm is derived, and some numerical examples are given.
Impeller characterization and selection: Balancing efficient hydrodynamics with process mixing requirements
Authors: Machado Márcio B. , Nunhez José Roberto , Nobes David , Kresta Suzanne M.
Published: August 2011

Current literature relies almost exclusively on the power number to compare and characterize impellers. Industrial mixing requirements may rely on conditions far away from the impeller. A protocol is proposed to compare impellers designed for turbulent mixing on the basis of impeller hydrodynamic performance and mixing process objectives. A hydrofoil impeller (KPC), and a mixed‐flow impeller (45° down‐pumping PBT), each at two diameters, were used to test the protocol. Fourteen measures were considered. Five are recommended for full characterization: power number, momentum number, and peak rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy to characterize conditions at the impeller; power at just‐suspended speed to compare the efficiency of solids suspension at the bottom of the tank; and point of air entrainment as a measure of turbulence penetration to the free surface. These five measures provide complete information about mixing performance and good differentiation between the impellers and geometries. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2573–2588, 2012
Retrospective study of full‐house functional endoscopic sinus surgery for revision endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Shen Ping‐Hung , Weitzel Erik Kent , Lai Jen‐Tsung , Wormald Peter‐John , Lin Chien‐Hung
Published: August 2011

Background

Outcomes for revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS) are rarely reported in relation to technique. Our goal was to document the outcome of full‐house functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (FHF) (complete sphenoethmoidectomy with Draf IIA frontal sinusotomy) for treatment of this recalcitrant group.

Methods

Twenty‐one patients with chronic sinusitis having had at least 1 previous sinus surgery (mean, 2.14) underwent FHF, followed by postoperative nasal douching and oral antibiotics for 12 weeks. After a minimum 6 months of follow‐up, patients were asked to complete a 5‐item Patient Response Score (PRS) (graded on a 6‐point scale from 1 = completely improved to 6 = much worse). Objective measures collected included computed tomography (CT) Lund MacKay score (L‐M score, LMS), and endoscopic findings: mucosal swelling (MS) and mucopus (MP) (graded on a 4‐point scale from 0 = none to 3 = severe).

Results

Patients were divided into 3 subgroups based on months of follow up from surgery: 6‐12, 12‐18, and 18‐24. There was no statistical difference in any outcome based on length of follow up. Mean symptom outcome was reported as much improved (PRS = 1.9 ± 0.1). Both mucosal swelling and mucopus improved dramatically (2.48 vs 0.29, p < 0.001; 2.52 vs 0.29, p < 0.001, respectively). LMS also improved dramatically (11.52 vs 2.1, p < 0.001). Presence of nasal polyps did not affect any subjective or objective outcome.

Conclusion

Marked improvements in symptoms and mucosal findings were consistently obtained with FHF between 6 and 24 months postoperatively. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Oral antifungal therapy for Fusarium‐associated chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lee Annie S. , Przybyszewski Barbara , Montone Kathleen , Lanza Donald C.
Published: August 2011

Background

Fusarium is commonly reported as an organism found in fungus‐associated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) yet it is known to be resistant to commonly used antifungal therapies. The goals of this work are to report the incidence of Fusarium‐associated CRS in fungal cultures and to describe the treatment experience with oral antifungal agent aimed at this problem.

Methods

Patients with sinus cultures obtained from 2005 through 2008 were retrospectively identified and their medical records were evaluated. Cultures were obtained in patients with recalcitrant rhinosinusitis when purulent discharge was observed. Patient response to the therapy was measured upon the basis of self reported symptom improvements and endoscopic examination.

Results

In this 4‐year period 2,570 outpatient fungal cultures were obtained and 194 (7.5%) were positive for Fusarium. These 194 positive cultures appeared in 94 individuals. Thirty‐four tested positive multiple times. Twenty‐three (24.5%) had severe recalcitrant CRS poorly responsive to standard therapies warranting antifungal therapy aimed at Fusarium. Fifteen individuals were treated with voriconazole, 5 with posaconazole, and 3 with both at separate times. Endoscopic evidence of initial improvement on therapy was evident in 16 of 23 patients (69.6%). Of 18 patients who could comment on their experience with the antifungal treatments, nearly 90% of them reported substantial improvement with the therapy. Nine (9/23; 39.1%) were forced to discontinue oral antifungal therapy due to untoward effects.

Conclusion

Fusarium appears in 7.55% of outpatient cultures of CRS. Of the patients testing positive for Fusarium, 25% received oral antifungal therapy. A positive response was seen in 16 of 23 (69.6%) while receiving other standard therapies. Since Fusarium is not routinely sensitive to commonly used antifungal agents, it warrants special attention. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Oral antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis and its subtypes: a systematic review
Authors: Thanasumpun Thunchai , Batra Pete S.
Published: August 2011

Background

The objective of the evidence base review was to systematically evaluate the literature to elucidate the potential role of oral antifungal therapy in management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its subtypes.

Methods

Articles for inclusion were identified by query of appropriate search terms in the PubMed database. The articles were reviewed independently by 2 authors and assigned an evidence level. The composite outcome data was reviewed to determine the impact of oral antifungals in CRS.

Results

The search yielded 356 abstracts for review, retrieved 60 articles for full review, and incorporated 28 studies in this report. The majority of literature included level 4 (15) and level 5 (12) studies. One study met criteria for level 1 evidence. Most common disease entity studied was allergic fungal rhinosinusitis in 19 series; the most common antifungals reported were itraconazole and ketoconazole in 19 and 6 studies, respectively. Subjective parameters were assessed in 12 (42.8%) studies; overall, 64 (78%) of 82 patients reported symptom resolution or improvement. Objective parameters were reported in 6 (21.4%) studies, including improvement in endoscopic findings (3), CT imaging (3), reduction in oral steroid usage (1), and less revision surgery (2). Median length of follow‐up was 14.7 months (3–60).

Conclusion

The composite data suggests a potential beneficial effect of oral itraconazole and ketoconazole in patients with CRS and its subtypes. However, majority of the studies are uncontrolled case series, confounded by nonvalidated outcome variables. Randomized controlled trials are required to better elucidate their role in CRS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Polyethylenimine/N‐doped titanium dioxide nanoparticle based inks for ink‐jet printing applications
Authors: Loffredo F. , Grimaldi I. A. , De Girolamo Del Mauro A. , Villani F. , Bizzarro V. , Nenna G. , D'Amato R. , Minarini C.
Published: August 2011

We developed and characterized inks based on dispersions of N‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) in polyethylenimine (PEI)/ethanol solutions with chemicophysical properties suitable for the ink‐jet printing process. In detail, we prepared suspensions by varying the concentration of the polymeric dispersant to investigate the effect of the dispersant on the time stability and printability of the ink. Moreover, we printed the N‐doped TiO2/PEI‐based inks on different substrates and studied as the substrate temperature and the printing parameters influenced the printed product quality. Furthermore, the optical properties and the morphology of the printed films were also investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The Thebesian valve: Gatekeeper to the coronary sinus
Authors: Katti Karuna , Patil Nikhil Prakash
Published: August 2011

Clinical cardiac procedures such as electrophysiology studies, catheter ablation of arrhythmias, retrograde cardioplegia delivery, cardiac resynchronization therapy and, more recently, percutaneous mitral annuloplasty, involve cannulation of the coronary sinus (CS). The presence of a membrane closing the orifice of the CS may cause difficulties during these interventions. Thus, detailed knowledge of the variations and anomalies of the valve of the CS, or the Thebesian valve, now has practical significance. To improve our understanding of this structure, classic anatomical dissection of 50 hearts from dissection room cadavers was performed. A Thebesian valve was present in the overwhelming majority (88%) of cases. Its morphology varied widely, from a few small strands of tissue, to a membrane covering more than half the CS ostium. A significant number (20%) of valves occluded >65% of the ostium, making them “potential complicating factors” in cannulation of the CS. An understanding of these anatomical variations may help in identifying and overcoming potential difficulties during clinical cardiac interventions. Clin. Anat. 25:379–385, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reappraisal of the hypophysial region of the floor of the sella turcica
Authors: Hlaing Yin , Allan J.C. , Kramer Beverley
Published: August 2011

While studying the detailed anatomy of the cranial sella turcica, an additional fossa in its floor, which has not previously been described, was noted. A survey for this fossa, therefore, was conducted on 205 adult crania from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons, University of the Witwatersrand. To confirm the survey observations, the sella turcica region of 10 adult cadavers was also dissected. A larger anterior depression and a smaller posterior concave fossa, often extending on to the anterior surface of the dorsum sellae, were evident in the hypophysial region and occurred in 21.5% of crania and in six of the 10 dissected specimens. An anterior depression alone or a posterior fossa alone occurred in 2.4% and in 72% of the crania, respectively, indicating that the posterior fossa occurs most commonly in this series. The more commonly occurring presence of a posterior fossa abutting on to the anterior surface of the dorsum sellae is described for the first time. Clin. Anat. 25:324–329, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuromuscular partitioning in the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis based on intramuscular nerve distribution patterns: A three‐dimensional modeling study
Authors: Ravichandiran Mayoorendra , Ravichandiran Nisanthini , Ravichandiran Kajeandra , Mckee Nancy H. , Richardson Denyse , Oliver Michele , Agur Anne M.
Published: August 2011

Differential activation of specific regions within a skeletal muscle has been linked to the presence of neuromuscular compartments. However, few studies have investigated the extra‐ or intramuscular innervation throughout the muscle volume of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB). The aim of this study was to determine the presence of neuromuscular partitions in ECRL and ECRB based on the extra‐ and intramuscular innervation using three‐dimensional modeling. The extra‐ and intramuscular nerve distribution was digitized and reconstructed in 3D in all the muscle volumes using Autodesk Maya in seven formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens (mean age, 75.7 ± 15.2 years). The intramuscular nerve distribution was modeled in all the muscle volumes. ECRL was found to have two neuromuscular compartments, superficial and deep. One branch from the radial nerve proper was found to innervate ECRL. This branch was divided into anterior and posterior branches to the superficial and deep compartments, respectively. Five innervation patterns were identified in ECRB with partitioning of the muscle belly into two, three, or four compartments, in a proximal to distal direction depending on the number of nerve branches entering the muscle belly. The ECRL and ECRB both demonstrated neuromuscular compartmentalization based on intramuscular innervation. According to the partitioning hypothesis, a muscle may be differentially activated depending on the required function of the muscle, thus allowing multifunctional muscles to contribute to a variety of movements. Therefore, the increased number of neuromuscular partitions in ECRB when compared with ECRL could be due to the need for more differential recruitment in the ECRB depending on force requirements. Clin. Anat. 25:366–372, 2012. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topographical anatomy of the suprascapular nerve and vessels at the suprascapular notch
Authors: Yang Hee‐Jun , Gil Young‐Chun , Jin Jeong‐Doo , Ahn Song Vogue , Lee Hye‐Yeon
Published: August 2011

Suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) causes pain, and limitation of motion in the shoulder. To relieve these symptoms, suprascapular nerve decompression is performed through the resection of STSL. To describe and classify the topographic anatomy of the suprascapular notch, 103 cadaveric shoulders were dissected. The mean length and width of STSLs were 11.2 and 3.4 mm, respectively. The bony bridges replacing STSL in four shoulders were 8.2 mm long and 3.5 mm wide on average. The suprascapular nerve always ran through the notch under the STSL. All shoulders had a single suprascapular artery, while multiple suprascapular veins appeared in 21.3%. The arrangement of the suprascapular vessels was classified into three types: in Type I (59.4%), all suprascapular vessels ran over the STSL; in Type II (29.7%), the vessels ran over and under the STSL simultaneously; in Type III (10.9%), all vessels ran under the STSL. In 48.9% of cadavers, these types were bilaterally matched. The omohyoid muscle originated distantly from the STSL in 38.0%, was adjacent to it in 44.0%, and was partially over the STSL in 18.0%. The number of suprascapular vessels running under the STSL was positively correlated with the size of the STSL and the middle diameter of the suprascapular notch. Age was inversely correlated with the length of STSL. The STSL was wider in males than in females. This study provides details of the structural variations in the region of the suprascapular notch. Clin. Anat. 25:359–365, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aberrant penetrating posterior descending artery from proximal right coronary artery
Authors: Saremi Farhood , Vorobiof Gabriel
Published: August 2011

We report a rare variant of the posterior descending artery (PDA) in a 51‐year‐old African‐American male discovered in coronary CT angiography. Arising from the proximal right coronary artery near its ostium, the anomalous PDA penetrated posteriorly toward the atrioventricular junction septum, exited through the inferior pyramidal space into the posterior interventricular groove and continued in the groove as a short PDA. Along its course it gave rise to small branches to the medial wall of the right atrium, the atrioventricular node region, and the inferoseptal wall of the right ventricle. Clin. Anat. 24:956–958, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rose Bengal‐Grafted Biodegradable Microcapsules: Singlet‐Oxygen Generation and Cancer‐Cell Incapacitation
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Lei , Zeng Yu , Zheng Yan‐Zhen , Chen Jian‐Feng , Tao Xia , Wang Ling‐Xuan , Teng Yan
Published: August 2011

Rose bengal‐grafted chitosan (RB‐CHI), synthesized through dehydration between amino and carboxyl functional groups under mild conditions, was coated onto the outer layer of preformed biodegradable microcapsules consisting of sodium alginate and chitosan. The fabricated photosensitive microcapsules were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The assembled materials maintained intact spherical morphology and thus showed good ability to form thin films. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy allowed direct observation of the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) from photosensitive microcapsules under light excitation at about 545 nm. Furthermore, with increasing light radiation, the content of 1O2 increased, as detected by a chemical probe. In vitro cellular toxicity assays showed that RB‐CHI‐coated photosensitive microcapsules exhibit good biocompatibility in darkness and high cytotoxicity after irradiation, and could provide new photoresponsive drug‐delivery vehicles.
Catalytic Palladium Phosphination: Modular Synthesis of C1‐Symmetric Biaryl‐Based Diphosphines
Authors: Bonnafoux Laurence , Gramage‐Doria Rafael , Colobert Françoise , Leroux Frédéric R.
Published: August 2011

A new family of C1‐symmetric bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyls have been prepared starting from readily available ortho,ortho′‐dihalobiphenyl precursors by a palladium‐catalyzed C–P coupling reaction. This process does not require the use of an additional ligand. To date, the synthesis of such diphosphines, by reaction of an intermediate biphenyldiyl dianion with ClPPh2, mainly afforded the undesired cyclic phosphafluorene derivative. So far, no synthetic pathway has been found to avoid this intramolecular reaction. Herein we report the first general and external‐ligand‐free palladium‐catalyzed phosphination reaction that allows the synthesis of a wide variety of substituted ortho,ortho′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyls. With the aim of illustrating the scope and efficiency of this methodology, we applied it to the establishment of a straightforward access to C1‐symmetrical analogues of the most powerful ligands used in homogenous catalysis and extended it to more challenging substrates.
How Does CuII Convert into CuI? An Unexpected Ring‐Mediated Single‐Electron Reduction
Authors: Barreca Davide , Fois Ettore , Gasparotto Alberto , Seraglia Roberta , Tondello Eugenio , Tabacchi Gloria
Published: August 2011

CuxO (x=1,2) nanomaterials with tailored composition and properties—a hot topic in sustainable technologies—may be fabricated from molecular sources through bottom‐up processes that involve unexpected changes in the metal oxidation state and open intriguing challenges on the copper redox chemistry. How copper(II) sources may lead to copper(I) species in spite of the absence of any explicit reducing agent, and even in the presence of oxygen, is one such question—to date unanswered. Herein, we study copper “reduction without reductants” within one molecule and reveal that the actual reducing agent is abstracted atomic hydrogen. By investigating the fragmentation of a copper(II) precursor for copper oxide nanostructures by combined ESI‐MS with multiple collisional experiments (ESI/MSn) and theoretical calculations, we highlight a copper‐promoted CH bond activation, leading to reduction of the metal center and formation of a CuI‐C‐NCCN six‐membered ring. Such a novel ring system is the structural motif for a new family of cyclic copper(I) adducts, which show a bonding scheme, herein reported for the first time, that may shed unprecedented light on copper chemistry. Beyond the relevance for the preparation of copper oxide nanostructures, the hydrogen‐abstraction/proton‐delivery/electron‐gain mechanism of copper(II) reduction disclosed herein appears to be a general property of copper and might help to understand its redox reactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Perchlorate Anhydrate, Mg(ClO4)2, from Laboratory X‐Ray Powder Data.
Authors: Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Choi Young Sun , Hong Seung‐Tae
Published: August 2011

The title compound is prepared by dehydration of Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O (silica tube, continuous vacuum, 523 K, 2 h) and characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structure of LaPdSn and RE3Pd4Sn6 (RE: La, Ce).
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Heying Birgit , Poettgen Rainer
Published: August 2011

LaPdSn is prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and its crystal structure is determined by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Photoluminescence Properties of Transparent Red‐Emitting Suspension of BaMoO4:Eu3+,Na+ Nanophosphor for a Three‐Band White LED.
Authors: Cho Young‐Sik , Huh Young‐Duk
Published: August 2011

Ba0.60MoO4:0.20Eu3+,0.20Na+ phosphor is prepared from a mixture of Ba(NO3)2, NaNO3, Eu(NO3)3, (NH4)6Mo7O24, water, sodium oleate, oleic acid, oleylamine, and hexane (autoclave, 80 °C, 16 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Solvothermal Approach to the Synthesis of La4Ni3O8 by Topotactic Oxygen Deintercalation.
Authors: Blakely Colin K. , Bruno Shaun R. , Poltacets Viktor V.
Published: August 2011

A new solvothermal topotactic oxygen deintercalation method employing metal hydrides and organic solvents is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Preparing Porous and Hollow Metal Phosphides with Higher Hydrodesulfurization Activity.
Authors: Song Limin , Zhang Shujuan , Wei Qingwu
Published: August 2011

Ni2P, Cu3P, and CoP are prepared in 63, 56, and 51% yield, resp., by reaction of the metal with 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Two Novel Acentric Mixed Alkaline Earth Metal Berylloborates Sr3Be2B5O12(OH) and Ba3Be2B5O12(OH).
Authors: McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: August 2011

The title compounds are synthesized hydrothermally under supercritical conditions from aqueous solutions of B2O3, Sr(OH)2 or Ba(OH)2, and BeO using NaOH as mineralizer (autoclave, 565 °C, 5 d, about 5% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A 3D Nitrate‐Bridging Heterometal‐azido Inorganic Polymer Containing Cd8 Cube: Synthesis, Structure, Topology and Fluorescence.
Authors: Luan Feng , Xu Ling , Gao Yuan , Liu Bing
Published: August 2011

[Cd7Na4(NO3)12 (N3)6] is synthesized solvothermally from a mixture of Cd(NO3)2, NaN3, and 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole in a 1:1 mixture of DMF and EtOH (autoclave, 170 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Nonlinear Optical Crystal: Bi2O2(OH)(NO3).
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Liu Qian , Li Zhihua
Published: August 2011

Millimeter‐sized crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of Bi(NO3)3, KNO3, and urea (autoclave, pH 6—7, 160 °C, 1—7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Encapsulation of Anion/Cation in the Central Cavity of Tetrameric Polyoxometalate, Composed of Four Trititanium(IV)‐Substituted α‐Dawson Subunits, Initiated by Protonation/Deprotonation of the Bridging Oxygen Atoms on the Intramolecular Surface.
Authors: Sakai Yoshitaka , Ohta Shuji , Shintoyo Yukihiro , Yoshida Shoko , Taguchi Yuhki , Matsuki Yusuke , Matsunaga Satoshi , Nomiya Kenji
Published: August 2011

The [(P2W15Ti3O60.5)4 (NH4)]35‐ Dawson tetramer with encapsulated NH4+ cation is synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 15N{1H}, 31P, and 183W NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of the New Oxygen‐Deficient Perovskite Na3MnV2O7.5.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Gaudin Etienne , Boulahya Khalid , Darriet Jacques
Published: August 2011

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Na3V2O6.5 (obtained by heating a 3:2 mixture of Na2CO3 and V2O5 at 700 °C for 6 h) and MnO (Au tube, 450 °C for 6 h, 600 °C for 12 h, 700 °C for 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: (Li/Ag)CoO2: A New Intergrowth Cobalt Oxide Composed of Rock Salt and Delafossite Layers.
Authors: Berthelot R. , Pollet M. , Doumerc J.‐P. , Delmas C.
Published: August 2011

A new lamellar (Li/Ag)CoO2 phase of alternating rock salt and delafossite type layers is obtained during (Li+,Na+)/Ag+ ion exchange of the OP4‐(Li/Na)CoO2 precursor as an intermediate to the final D4‐AgCoO2 delafossite.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Ring‐Opening of meso‐Aziridines with Malonates under Heterodinuclear Rare Earth Metal Schiff Base Catalysis.
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Lin Luqing , Kanai Motomu , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: August 2011

Fused as well as alkyl‐disubstituted aziridines undergo ring opening under catalysis of a complex derived from a 1:1:1 mixture of Broensted basic alkoxide La(OiPr)3, Lewis acidic triflate Yb(OTf)3, and axially chiral Schiff base BBN.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Acetylides as Alkynylating Reagents for the Enantioselective Alkynylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Lithium Binaphtholate.
Authors: Tanaka Kana , Kukita Kenji , Ichibakase Tomonori , Kotani Shunsuke , Nakajima Makoto
Published: August 2011

Optically active propargyl alcohols are synthesized via the enantioselective addition of lithium acetylides to ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Bidentate sp2‐N Ligand, Naph‐diPIM: Application to CpRu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dehydrative C‐, N‐, and O‐Allylation.
Authors: Miyata Kengo , Kutsuna Hironori , Kawakami Sho , Kitamura Masato
Published: August 2011

The RuCp complex of a new chiral bidentate sp2‐N ligand is shown to catalyze a variety of intra‐ and inter‐molecular enantioselective dehydrative C‐, N‐, and O‐allylation reactions without the need of extra additives.
ChemInform Abstract: A More Comprehensive and Highly Practical Solution to Enantioselective Aldehyde Crotylation.
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Ho Stephen , Leighton James L.
Published: August 2011

Sc(OTf)3 efficiently catalyzes the crotylation of aldehydes with crotylsilanes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung Allylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhu Shou‐Fei , Qiao Xiang‐Chen , Zhang Yong‐Zhen , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: August 2011

By using a sterically hindered chiral monodentate spiro phosphite ligand, aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes undergo the title reaction with allylic alcohols as well as allylic donors.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro‐2,2′‐bichroman‐based Bisoxazoline (SPANbox) Ligands for ZnII‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroxylation of β‐Keto Esters and 1,3‐Diester.
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Gang , Wang Zheng , Zhang Ruzhou , Zhang Xumu , Ding Kuiling
Published: August 2011

Using racemic oxaziridine OAZ as oxidant and axially chiral ligand SBO, the reaction of a variety of title esters is accomplished within minutes at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitrogen and Oxygen Containing Heterocycles from Acyl Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: More D. H. , Mahulikar P. P.
Published: August 2011

From acyl Meldrum′s acid (I), intermediary formed β‐keto esters are used for the microwave assisted one‐pot synthesis of diverse heterocycles.