bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN KADAR SERUM KREATININ PADA PEMINUM ARAK TINGKAT RINGAN, SEDANG DAN BERAT DI KELURAHAN RENON, KECAMATAN DENPASAR SELATAN, KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Maheswari Dyah
Published: January 2024

Konsumsi alkohol dapat menyebabkan perubahan struktur dan fungsi ginjal serta mengganggu kemampuan ginjal untuk mengatur volume, elektrolit dan komposisi cairan dalam tubuh. Pemeriksaan serum kreatinin merupakan salah satu parameter yang penting untuk mengetahui fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional analitik untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar serum kreatinin pada peminum arak tingkat ringan, sedang dan berat di Kelurahan Renon, Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan, Kota Denpasar. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan data peminum ringan berjumlah 7 sampel dengan kadar serum kreatinin paling rendah yaitu 0,6 mg/dL dan paling tinggi yaitu 1,4 mg/dL. Peminum sedang berjumlah 12 sampel dengan kadar serum kreatinin paling rendah 0,8 mg/dL dan paling tinggi 1,8 mg/dL. Peminum berat berjumlah 11 sampel dengan kadar serum kreatinin paling rendah 1,0 mg/dL dan paling tinggi yaitu 2,5 mg/dL. Berdasarkan hasil uji One-Way ANOVA untuk ketiga kelompok peminum bernilai signifikansi 0,000. Hasil uji LSD kelompok peminum rendah â€“ berat bernilai p = 0,000 dan kelompok peminum sedang â€“ berat bernilai p = 0,000.
Modifikasi Metode Kalium Bikromat Untuk Uji Kualitatif Alkohol Dalam Urine
Authors: Wulandari Ayu Nurislami
Published: January 2024

Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that can cause dependence. Alcohol as an intoxicant can affect various structures and processes in the central nervous system and increase the risk of intentional and unintentional injury. One of the direct risks due to alcohol consumption is an accident while driving a vehicle and accidents at work. Rate alcohol It is measured in various body fluids including urine. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of the modified potassium dichromate method for qualitative test of alcohol in urine without filter paper and water bath. This research is a laboratory experimental study, the data obtained were analyzed in a descriptive way, namely seeing the color change of the reaction between the alcohol sample in urine and the Potassium bichromate reagent to green or blue with a modified working method. Tested all showed positive results with the modified Potassium bichromate method. A color change from green to blue is read as a positive alcohol result. The conclusion of this study is that the modified Potassium bichromate method is effective for the qualitative alcohol test process and there is an increase in the sensitivity of the test.
Efektifitas Larutan ZnSO4 33% dan Sukrosa 33% Pada Pemeriksaan Soil Transmitted Helminth Menggunakan Metode Flotasi Sentrifugasi
Authors: Nikmatullah Nurul Azmah
Published: January 2024

Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infection is an infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides worms, Ancylostoma duodenale worms, Necator americanus worms, and Trichuris trichiura worms. Transmission of infection occurs through soil media containing feces contaminated with STH worm eggs. STH worm infection can be identified by qualitative and semi-quantitative stool examination. Stool qualitative examination consists of the direct slide method (native), the flotation method, and the sedimentation method. This study aims to see the effectiveness of 33% ZnSO4Â  solution and 33% sucrose solution in examining STH worm eggs in the centrifugation flotation method. This study began by collecting feces samples; then the samples were identified by using the flotation centrifugation method. The solutions used in this method were 33% ZnSO4 solution and 33% sucrose solution. The data obtained were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test. There were 35 stool samples identified. The examination results obtained 13 positive samples of Ascaris lumbricoides worm eggs in 33% ZnSO4Â  solution and 1 positive sample in 33% sucrose solution, and the results of the Mann Whitney test obtained Asymp. Sig <0.05. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the 33% ZnSO4 solution and the 33% sucrose solution. In conclusion, the most effective solution used in the flotation method is 33% ZnSO4.Â Â Â Keywords: Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection, Centrifugation Flotation, 33% ZnSO4 Solution, 33% Sucrose Solution
Deadly Coal Social Campaign in Environmental Advocacy Efforts for Indigenous Community of Kalimantan
Authors: Zebua Winda Dwi Astuti , Rahman Abdul , Utari Syifa Astasia , Hasanudin Wisnu , Dwinarko Dwinarko
Published: January 2024

In the midst of the high production of coal to meet the energy needs of society, JATAM strives to carry out a social campaign for environmental advocacy in the indigenous communities of Kalimantan. The purpose of this article is to describe the management of JATAM's deadly coal campaign in advocating for the environmental rights of indigenous communities in Kalimantan due to coal mining activities. A qualitative research approach was chosen to uncover data to address these objectives. The data collection techniques employed were interviews and documentation through online media monitoring. The data analysis technique utilized three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained indicate that the campaign aims to advocate for the rights of indigenous communities in Kalimantan to have a safe and healthy environment without mining contamination. The primary target audience includes indigenous communities and the government. In its implementation, JATAM engages in discussions and provides writing training for indigenous communities. Furthermore, JATAM collaborates with Greenpeace and other international NGOs to conduct on-the-ground lobbying of government policies through various actions. The targeted communities have shown a change in attitude and behavior, demonstrating acceptance and willingness to learn about the impacts of mining and their rights to life in their indigenous land.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH DI KABUPATEN BANGKA
Authors: Hazimah Muthiah , Akbar Surya , Pane Abdul Harris , Diba Farah
Published: January 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak negara berkembang dengan kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) yang cukup tinggi, yaitu sebesar 15,5%. Provinsi Bangka Belitung memberikan sumbangan kejadian BBLR sebanyak 4,40% dari seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Kabupaten dengan persentase BBLR tertinggi berada di Kabupaten Belitung, yaitu sebesar 7,69 %. Beberapa faktor telah diteliti dan ditetapkan sebagai faktor penyebab terjadinya BBLR. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besar pengaruh faktor usia ibu, paritas, Antenatal Care (ANC) dan nutrisi terhadap kejadian BBLR di Kabupaten Bangka. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian adalah 66 responden yang terdiri atas kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi Square dan mencari nilai Odd Rasio. Hasil analisis Chi Square menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian BBLR adalah usia ibu melahirkan (p=0,026, OR= 3,077) dan status nutrisi ibu (p=0,024, OR=3,20). Sedangkan faktor paritas ibu dan frekuensi pemeriksaan ANC tidak mempengaruhi secara signifikan kejadian BBLR. Kesimpulannya tidak ditemukan pengaruh paritas dan ANC dengan kejadian BBLR, sementara usia dan status nutrisi mempengaruhi kejadian BBLR.
Розробка методу підвищення імітостійкості каналу управління безпілотним літальним апаратом
Authors: Стасєв Ю. В. , Козюберда М. Р. , Непокритов Д. М.
Published: January 2024

Аналіз напрямків розвитку Збройних Сил пpoвiдниx кpaїн cвiтy, сучасних та минулих збройних конфліктів свідчить, що одним з вирішальних чинників забезпечення успіху у військових операціях є якісний рівень системи розвідки. Використання перспективних безпілотних літальних апаратів дозволяє вирішувати задачі розвідки в режимі реального часу в умовах протидії. Всі ці питання можливо вирішити за умови надійного захисту каналу управління за рахунок застосування складних сигналів. У статті пропонується розглянути актуальні напрямки забезпечення імітостійкості каналу управління безпілотним літальним апаратом. Авторами було проведено аналіз методів побудови складних сигналів та визначено один з перспективних напрямків досягнення даної мети за допомогою алгоритмів імітозахищеності на дискретному рівні та на рівні складних сигналів. Визначено, що при реалізації динамічного режиму функціонування досягається виграш на (4−5) порядків у порівнянні з характеристичними послідовностями і на (5−6) порядків у порівнянні з лінійними рекурентними послідовностями максимального періоду. В основі даного методу лежить формування складних сигналів, в якому досягається потрібний рівень імовірності нав’язування хибної команди управління. Запропоновано ефективні алгоритми застосування складних сигналів, які дозволяють підвищити імітостійкість і перешкодозахищеність радіосистем управління й зв’язку на фізичному рівні. В роботі пропонується метод імітозахисту каналу управління безпілотним літальним апаратом, а також технічні рішення щодо забезпечення безпеки інформації в каналі управління безпілотним літальним апаратом.
Методологічні аспекти інформаційного забезпечення розвитку зенітного ракетного озброєння при імітаційному моделюванні протиповітряних бойових дій
Authors: Лук’янчук В. В. , Ніколаєв І. М. , Долина М. П. , Донцов С. М. , Пономарьов А. О.
Published: January 2024

Розглядаються методологічні аспекти розробки і використання комплексу вихідних даних, необхідних для визначення перспектив розвитку і обґрунтування раціонального обрису перспективної системи зенітного ракетного озброєння (ЗРО) та її елементів. Обрис системи ЗРО визначається її структурою та сукупністю вимог різних рівнів, яким повинна відповідати система та зразки озброєння, що мають входити до її складу. Розкриваються структура і зміст комплексу вихідних даних (оперативно-стратегічних, оперативних, воєнно-технічних та воєнно-економічних). Показано, що вихідні дані повинні бути повними, достовірними та мати достатній ступінь точності, який повинний відповідати поставленим завданням програмно-цільового планування розвитку ЗРО. Розробка комплексу вихідних даних повинна здійснюватися за результатами воєнно-наукових досліджень, напрями яких повинні охоплювати та об’єктивно відображати усі аспекти у сфері протиборства системи ЗРО та засобів повітряного нападу противника. Наведений зміст методологічних положень, на основі яких повинно базуватися інформаційне забезпечення можливості використання технології імітаційного моделювання для прогнозування розвитку ЗРО. Визначений порядок безпосередньої підготовки і використання вихідних даних для прогнозування перспектив розвитку ЗРО та обґрунтування оперативно-стратегічних, оперативно-тактичних і тактико-технічних вимог до системи та її елементів з використанням інтерактивних систем імітаційного математичного моделювання.
Концептуальні аспекти створення автоматизованої системи управління протиповітряною та протиракетною обороною держави
Authors: Кучеренко Ю. Ф.
Published: January 2024

У статті розкриті особливості ведення сучасних війн та проведений аналіз застосування повітряно-ударної компоненти збройних сил Російської Федерації у війні проти України. Показано, що головною вимогою сьогодення є забезпечення інтегрованого та синхронізованого у часі застосування всіх наявних сил авіації, протиповітряної та протиракетної оборони і засобів (вогневих, розвідувальних, інформаційних, радіоелектронної боротьби) для ефективної боротьби з засобами повітряно-космічного нападу противника у повітряно-космічному просторі країни. Розкриті концептуальні положення щодо створення автоматизованої системи управління протиповітряною та протиракетною обороною держави як мережецентричної системи управління. Матеріал можна використовувати при розробці оперативно-тактичних вимог до мережецентричної системи управління військами і засобами протиповітряної і протиракетної оборони держави.
KÜRESEL EKONOMİK YÖNETİŞİMDE FİNANS VE TİCARET: IMF – GATT/DTÖ İŞ BİRLİĞİ VE KUR REJİMİ – TİCARET BAĞLANTISI
Authors: GÖKER Mustafa , KANDİL GOKER Ilkut Elif
Published: January 2024

Ticaret akımlarının sağlığı, sağlam bir finans sisteminin varlığına bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası küresel ekonomik yönetişim düzeni tasarlanırken para ve ticaret konuları bir bütünün parçaları olarak ele alınmıştır. Kur istikrarı, ticaret sisteminin işleyişi bakımından ön koşul olarak görülmüş ve bu nedenle oluşturulan sabit kurlara dayalı bir uluslararası para sistemi 1971’e kadar yürürlükte kalmıştır. Bazı GATT hükümleri ile de, GATT ile IMF arasında özel bir iş birliği şekli tesis edilmiştir. Bu iş birliği, kapsamı genişletilerek, 1995’te DTÖ dönemine taşınmıştır. İş birliğinin bir kısmı geleneksel şekillerde iken, GATT döneminden gelen diğer bir kısmı özgün nitelikler arz etmektedir. Çalışma, bahse konu iş birliği şekillerini ele alarak, küresel ekonomik yönetişimdeki finans ve ticaret bağlantısının mevcut durumunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bretton Woods sisteminin sabit kur uygulamalarının terk edilmesiyle finans-ticaret bağlantısının özellikle kur rejimi ve IMF’in işlevleri bağlamında yasal ve kurumsal altyapısının zayıfladığını; IMF ve GATT/DTÖ bünyesindeki reformlar ile mevcut yasal ve kurumsal kapasitenin bu zayıflığı gidermeye yeterli olmadığını; mevcut konjonktürde, yanlış kur uyarlamalarının ticaret üzerinde neden olduğu olumsuzluğu ele almaya yönelik uluslararası bir iradenin mevcut bulunmadığını tespit etmektedir.
Europa y la Curva Medio Ambiental de Kuznets:
Authors: Gómez Segura Camilo Fabiam , Cerquera Losada Óscar Hernán , Rojas Velásquez Libardo
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: comprobar la hipótesis de la Curva Medioambiental de Kuznets (CMK) en las emisiones de Dióxido de Carbono (CO2) y gas invernadero para los países que pertenecen a la Unión Europea (UE) periodo 1990-2012. Metodología: se tomó como insumo la base de datos de Banco Mundial, la cual contiene 21 indicadores: agricultura y desarrollo rural, eficiencia, crecimiento económico, educación, energía y minería, medio ambiente, sector financiero, salud, infraestructura, trabajo y protección social, pobreza, sector privado, sector público, ciencia y tecnología, desarrollo social, desarrollo urbano, género, objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, cambio climático, deuda externa y comercio. Con base en ello, se estimó un modelo de datos panel bajo tres métodos: efectos aleatorios, efectos fijos y primeras diferencias. Resultados: se encuentra que existe una relación en forma de U invertida entre el nivel de ingreso (PIB per cápita) y los indicadores de contaminación; sin embargo, presenta niveles elevados de contaminación cuando se tiene un nivel de ingreso de un país como Luxemburgo, lo cual puede deberse a un bajo rendimiento decreciente en el PIB per cápita respecto a los niveles de contaminación. Así mismo, se encuentra que el uso de energía, la población y el sector industrial contribuyen a incrementar los niveles de deterioro ambiental. Conclusiones: la relación entre el crecimiento económico y el deterioro ambiental no solo debe enfocarse en su estructura; también es necesario que este tipo de problemática realmente sea parte de la política económica de los países de la UE y su aplicación en los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS).
Quarry Dust As AFine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete Masonry Blocks for Sustainable Construction
Authors:   Civil Engineering Division,School of Engineering,Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022, INDIA, V. Thomas Robert , G.Nair Deepa ,   Civil Engineering Division,School of Engineering,Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022, INDIA
Published: January 2024

Acute shortageof raw materials and their escalating prices together with the unhealthy competition among the manufactures is adversely affecting the sustainability of concrete building blocks now a days. Depletion of natural aggregates and accumulation of construction wastes are other issues challenging the sustainability of construction. Applicationof quarry dust, the waste material from stone crushing industry as fine aggregate replacement in concrete has practical significance in this regard. This paper investigatesthe suitability of quarry dust as replacement (10% to100%) to natural aggregate in concrete masonry blocks.Successful replacement of 30 % can be suggested for load-bearing masonryunits with superior strength, comparable durability and better performance in aggressive environments. Suitability of the proposed blocks in structural masonry as well as sustainable construction was also verified.100% replacement of quarry dust was also found suitable for load bearing masonry units with comparable strength anddurability characteristics.
Influence of Occupants’ Space and Appliance Use Patterns and Behaviour during the Discomfort on Electricity Consumption in Mixed Mode Residences
Authors:   National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli –620015, Tamil Nadu, INDIA, Chelliah Sivapriya , G Subbaiyan ,   National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli –620015, Tamil Nadu, INDIA, Tadepalli Srinivas ,   National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli –620015, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Published: January 2024

Building characteristics, climate, socio-economic characteristics, and occupant behaviour influence the electricity consumption in buildings. In residential buildings, where people spend a lot of time and have high perceived control over their surroundings, electricity consumption for thermal comfort constitutes a higher proportion of overall energy consumption. Previous research studies mainly focused on the impact of building and household characteristics on electricity consumption in residences. In the Indian context, electricity usage in residential buildings may depend on lifestyle, family composition, daily routines and activity patterns, and consumption habits. In India, the space usage and sharing pattern of internal spaces depend on family composition and the number of rooms. In India, the usage of household appliances has been steadily increasing. During discomfort hours in humid conditions, people use fans with windows in the open position, switch on the air-conditioner or use the fan and air-conditioner together to attain thermal comfort. Therefore, the study aims to assess the impact of family composition, occupants' space and appliance use patterns and behaviour during the thermal discomfort on electricity consumption in Indian residential buildings. Information on the number of occupants, children, and elders; space usage at different hours of the day by the occupants; use of fans, air-conditioners, and other electrical appliances; and frequency and hours of opening of windows were collected through a questionnaire survey from 144 residences. Electricity consumption data for all 144 residences were collected from the utility bills. The variables influencing annual mean electricity consumption per unit area of residential buildings include the number of elders present, age of children, hours of air-conditioner use, space usage pattern, and occupants' behaviour during the discomfort
Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycle on Anchor Fracture Load in Carbonate Rocks
Authors:   Vocational School of Technical Sciences,Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07058, TURKEY, Çetintaş Sevgi , Serpinli Sercan ,   Mining Engineer, Antalya, 07000, TURKEY
Published: January 2024

Natural stone is widely used as a cladding material in the construction sector due to its durability and aesthetic appearance. When anchoring natural stone to building exteriors, it is of great importance to consider the mineralogical and mechanical properties of the stone. This study examines the changes in the breaking loads at the dowel holes of different carbonate stones used as cladding material in relation to freeze-thaw cycles and identifies the relationship of such changes with the physical and mechanical properties of the samples. For this purpose, four different types of natural stones were acquired, and the breaking loads at the dowel holes of the stone samples were analyzed according to standard procedures after being subjected to 25 freeze-thaw cycles. Mineralogical, petrographic, physical and mechanical characteristics of the stone samples were identified. It was shown that the breaking load values obtained at the anchorage points decreased due to the freeze-thaw cycles, and that the physical, mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the sample had an effect on breakage.
Experimental Investigations on Applicability of Eco Friendly, Green and Sustainable Farm/Fish Pond Liner As A Component for Water Storage System
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering,Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore, PIN-560 054, Karnataka, INDIA, B Nagashree
Published: January 2024

It is a well-known fact that in most of the regions, rainfall shall not meet the crop water requirements. Hence it is very much necessary to have water storage system to meet the water demand. The rate of seepage is considered to be high in case of earth ponds. By considering this, there is an urgent requirement to reduce the seepage in the water storage system and increase the irrigation efficiency. This research studies is based on minimizing the seepage in the ponds by providing a liner material, which is eco-friendly, sustainable, economic with good serviceability. In this experiment the sodium based salts are used in combination with Bauxite Mine Residue (BMR) and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as binder materials for the liner system to decrease the seepage. Three proportions of the binder were used in the study viz. BMR: OPC as 80:20. Sodium carbonate (SC) was used in the proportion of 0%, 2% 4%, 6% 8% 10% and 12% by weight of binder. SEM analysis, pH permeability and compaction tests were conducted to determine the performance of the liner material. Results showed that the binder ratio of BMR: OPC with ratio 80:20 with sodium carbonate content 10% showed the better results with more reduction in seepage, maximum reduction in permeability.Hence the present studies prove that the produced pond liner shall reduce seepage effectively and have more serviceability compared to plastic liners.
Improving Characteristics of Clayey Soil Using Basalt Fibre, Construction and Demolition Waste and Calcium Carbide
Authors:   National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, 177005, INDIA, Verma Akanksha , Sharma R.K. ,   National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, 177005, INDIA
Published: January 2024

When exposed to changes in moisture, highly compressible clay soils usually show the characteristic of swelling and shrinking and have very poor strength properties. The infrastructures standing on such soil produce fractures as a result of this feature, making the buildings unstable and liable to collapse. By enhancing the characteristics of clayey soils using soil stabilization can improve their engineering properties. The purpose of this paper tends to investigate the use of construction and demolition waste (C&D), basalt fibre (BF) and calcium carbide (CCR) for stabilization of highly compressible clayey soil. Several laboratory experiments including differential free swell (DFS), Atterberg limits, standard proctor and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) are conducted on soil alone and in combination with admixtures used. Based on UCS result,optimum percentages of C&D waste, basalt fibre and calcium carbide obtained were further tested for California bearing ratio (CBR). The findings show rising UCS and CBR values with addition of 21% C&D waste, 0.3% basalt fibre and 4% calcium carbide in combination to each other with clayey soil. The thickness for flexible pavement was developed using IITPAVE software for CBR values based on specifications of IRC: 37-2018. The software resultsrevealed a decrease in pavement thickness for all combinations ofcommercial vehicle daily counts of 1000, 3000, and 5000. When clayey soil is combined with C&D waste (21%), BF (0.3%), and CCR (4%) in combination, the greatest reductionin subgrade layer thickness and costis observed. This method not only improves the geotechnicalcharacteristics of the subgradelayer, aids in decreasing the thickness of the pavement, is highly cost-effective, and resolves the issue of disposal of C&D waste and environmental degradation due to CCR.
A Comparative Study Between Conventional Concrete and Concrete Made from Plastic Waste by Using SolidWorks Software
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ali Roslinda , Shu Sze Sharon Ting ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Marsi Noraini ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: January 2024

Production of conventional concrete leads to several negative impacts on the environment while the plastic waste concrete can effectively overcome the environmental issues and having better performance than conventional concrete. Therefore, this research presents the works in producing new concrete by replacing the fine aggregates in concrete by using a mixture of soft and hard plastic waste with different ratios density. In addition, this research also aims to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of different ratios of fine aggregate plastic waste in producing a concrete. At the end of this research, a comparison is made between the optimum composition of plastic waste concrete and conventional concrete. This study is conducted by using SolidWorks software version 2021. The tests conducted include compressive strength test, drop test, and failure analysis. The results from the compressive strength test revealed that a force at 100kN with 20% plastic waste (Sample B) showed the highest stress (18.91 MPa). Meanwhile, from the drop height of 2.0m, the impact strength of Sample B showed the highest result with a value of 7.830 x106 N/m2. However, failure analysis results revealed that Sample B has more cracking than Sample A. From the study carried out, it can be summarised that an optimum replacement of 20% plastic waste as fine aggregates in a concrete gives the best performance is the most suitable option to be used as a replacement concrete in lightweight construction.
Challenge and Dilemma of Human Habitat in Urban Areas: Applying the Concept of Livability and Sustainable Development for Well-being
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Shafii Haryati , Md Yassin Azlina ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Masram Haidaliza ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: January 2024

Malaysian society today faces various challenges in continuing to survive in the city. The main issue facing the urban community today is the dilemma of rapid, unsustainable development and the high cost of living is a challenge that the community has to face, especially those living in big cities. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to identify the challenges and dilemmas of human habitat in the city and the second objective is to determine the suitability of the concept of urban habitability for the sustainability of the population. The methodology of this study uses the content analysis method based on the literature review. As a result of the content analysis, the study found that there are many challenges and dilemmas faced by urban communities today, namely the increase in population, the destruction of urban habitats, flood disasters, increased solid waste, endangered coastal zones and health problems. Therefore, the appropriateness of the concept of urban habitability began to be widely used among scholars to describe a more sustainable human habitat. The concepts of habitability and sustainable development can be combined because both concepts are related and complement each other. When a habitat is inhabited then sustainable development is also included in it. The writing of this article examines the challenges and dilemmas faced by urban communities from various aspects and tries to work with the concept of habitability introduced by scholars who emphasize aspects of habitability and urban sustainability. It is hoped that this writing can provide a clear understanding to the community and other stakeholders in preserving life in the city in the future.
Dispositivity in Russian Business Law
Authors: Orlov Vladimir
Published: January 2024

The principle of dispositivity is developed based on the concept of party autonomy that is characteristic of civil law regulation that covers business activities and is realised through the application of, in addition to directly applicable imperative norms, dispositive norms that imply the freedom of the parties to perform (to acquire, realise and dispose of) their rights on their own discretion. Particularly in respect of the civil law relations the law provides the parties with large possibilities to determine their relations in accordance with their autonomy of will and in default of such determination offers the applicable rules. Essentially important in realisation of the principle of dispositivity in the civil law are also initiative norms through the application of which the civil law relations emerge, change and cease. Related particularly to the contract and corporate law regulation in Russia, the traditional totality of the legislative law has been challenged in the pragmatic approach supported by the Russian highest judicial body. According to the Ruling of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitrazh Court of 2014, the norm that determines the rights and obligations of contractual parties but does not include the expressed provision of its dispositivity or imperativity, ought to be recognised as dispositive or imperative in accordance with the interpretation of its aims, and this indicates of favourable attitude towards business activities as well as of reasonable implementation of the pragmatic attitude that is characteristic to common law to Russian law. In particular, the favouring of the principle of dispositivity in respect to business law regulation, by the concentration of the valuation of the dispositivity of a legal norm in the sphere of successive control, instead of previous control, actually promotes the real freedom of business activities, and makes the regulation flexible. This is particularly important for small and family enterprises that are very common in Russia. Keywords: Dispositive Norm; Initiative Norm; Contract Law; Corporate Law; Pragmatic Approach
Data Act: New Rules about Fair Access to and use of Data
Authors: Chiarella Maria Luisa , Borgese and Manuela
Published: January 2024

Data-driven technologies are becoming more and more relevant every day. The constant increase in products connected to the Internet corresponds to an increase in the volume of data generated, the content of which represents a fundamental resource both for technological and economic evolution and with a high impact for businesses, citizens, and the public sector on the whole. This is the underlying motivation behind the approval of the Data Act, the new EU Regulation adopted on 27 November 2023 which aims to create a European regulatory framework based on clear rules on data sharing, a fair and guided data economy in the European Union. Keywords: Data economy; Market regulation; EU policies; Data Protection; Data Circulation; Access; Sharing; Interoperability.
An Examination of Proactive Intelligence-Led Policing through the Lens of Covert Surveillance in Serious Crime Investigation in Ireland
Authors: Coffey Ger
Published: January 2024

This article examines the powers and functions conferred by the Criminal Justice (Surveillance) 2009 Act to bolster the resources of the Garda Síochána (Ireland’s National Police and Security Service) to detect, investigate and apprehend suspects. The analysis will encompass the management and use of covert surveillance operations, procedural requirements for external ‘authorisation’ to carry out surveillance with judicial oversight, internal ‘approval’ to carry out surveillance without judicial oversight, and the use of tracking devices as less intrusive measures. The assessment will consider whether there are sufficient procedural safeguards provided in the 2009 Act to protect fundamental rights of suspects, and whether covert surveillance practices as a tool of effecting crime control policies is proportionate and necessary commensurate with fundamental rights of suspects in the criminal justice process. While the focus of analysis is on police covert surveillance operations in Ireland, reference to international best practice and human rights standards emanating from the Irish superior courts and ECtHR jurisprudence will broaden the scope of analysis that is intended to be of interest to a wider readership. Keywords: Criminal Justice (Surveillance) Act 2009 (Ireland); Covert surveillance; Authorisation for surveillance; Approval for surveillance; Garda Síochána (Ireland’s National Police and Security Service); Serious crime investigation
The Ethics of Law: How US/UK Intervention in Iraq and Russia's Invasion of Ukraine Breach the Principle of Virtue and International Law
Authors: Nartey Emmanuel K
Published: January 2024

The war in Iraq and the recent war in Ukraine symbolise the importance of resolving the crisis of international law and laws of war. In addition, the problematic aspect of these wars stems from the misconception of aggression or the composition of aggression. This falsity consists solely of the concept of aggression under international law, which has been abused, fragmented and confused. Therefore, this false idea of the concept of aggression under international law contributes to the development of modern conflicts. In an attempt to rationalise some of the fundamental failures in international law and the United Nations Security Council (hereinafter UNSC), this article seeks to examine whether the inclusion of ethics in the mechanism by which international law is implemented will be relatively useful. It explores whether ethical code can be incorporated into the mechanism by which international law is implemented, and if so, how can ethics enhance the existing rules and states' conduct? What role can ethics play in the justification of the use of force by the states, and what conclusion can be drawn from UNSC and states' practice? The article is divided into four sections. The first tries to explain the fundamental principles of ethics, while the second views international law in the conception of subject matter application and practice. The third section looks at Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the UK/US invasion of Iraq. And the final part presents a philosophical conclusion on the subject matter. Keywords: Laws of War; Russia, Ukraine, Iraq and Ethics; International Law;
APAKAH KECEMASAN MEMILIKI HUBUNGAN DENGAN ORIENTASI MASA DEPAN MAHASISWA?
Authors: Soleman Aris
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTMental health problems can happen to anyone, especially students. They can experience anxiety while studying and planning their future orientation. Especially early-semester students who were affected by the covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and the future orientation of students. This study uses a quantitative approach using Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The subjects of this study were 150 students in Manado and Tomohon City using the Quota Sampling technique. The measurement tools used are the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Future Orientation Scale. The results showed that there was no correlation between anxiety and students' future orientation with a value of r = 0.073 and p = 0.368 > 0.05.Keywords: Anxiety, Future Orientation, Students ABSTRAKPermasalahan kesehatan mental dapat terjadi pada siapa saja khususnya mahasiswa. Mereka dapat mengalami kecemasan selama belajar dan merencanakan orientasi masa depannya. Apalagi mahasiswa semester awal yang terkena dampak pandemi covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan dengan orientasi masa depan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 150 orang mahasiswa di Kota Manado dan Tomohon dengan menggunakan teknik Quota Sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) dan Skala Orientasi Masa Depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi antara kecemasan dengan orientasi masa depan mahasiswa dengan nilai r = 0,073 dan p = 0,368 > 0,05.Kata Kunci: Kecemasan, Orientasi Masa Depan, Mahasiswa
Micro-Business Transformation: Product Diversification After Obtaining Capital Loan from PNM Mekaar
Authors: Paneo Istiqomah
Published: January 2024

This research explores the implementation of the Permodalan Nasional Madani (PNM) Mekaar program in supporting the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Ternate Baru District. The focus is on the challenges faced by business owners, especially those related to obstacles in obtaining funding during their business operations. The study is centered on the experiences of women who are MSME entrepreneurs in Ternate Baru and how they access business capital through the PNM Mekaar program, a non-bank financial institution committed to serving women entrepreneurs with a joint responsibility system. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collected from primary sources through observation, interviews, and documentation, supported by secondary data. Data analysis includes the processes of reduction, presentation, and deduction of conclusions. Six informants participated in this study. The research results show positive business growth among participants in the regular Mekaar program. However, challenges such as payment arrears from customers and delays in implementing the PNM Mekaar program remain significant issues that need to be addressed in efforts to support the development of MSMEs in the area.
Proving the heuristic asymptotic formula for prime counting function
Authors: Haque Al-Mouid Mohammed Hasibul
Published: January 2024

This is a follow up paper to the a previous paper written by the same author. In this paper we prove that the heuristic formula for the prime counting function derived in the previous paper \cite{1} actually approaches the same value as the prime counting function asymptotically. For this we show that the heuristic asymptotic formula for the prime counting function $\chi(x)$ tends to $\frac{x}{\log x}$ as x approaches infinity. Meaning we intend to show that $$ \chi(x)\sim \mathcal{O}(\frac{x}{\log x} )$$
Brain Tumor Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ojha Bibhusha , Maharjan Ruman , Acharya Tirtha
Published: January 2024

Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images to detect brain tumors by medical practitioners is mundane and prone to errors. Misdiagnosis of brain tumors can be life-threatening, so to lessen misdiagnosis, computational techniques can be used in concert with medical professionals. Deep learning approaches have been gaining popularity in modeling and developing systems for medical image processing that can detect abnormalities quickly. The methods proposed herein are based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) trained on the 'BR35H::Brain Tumor Detection 2020' dataset. A custom CNN architecture was designed, followed by the utilization of transfer learning with four pre-trained models: InceptionV3, ResNet101, VGG19, and DenseNet169 and a comparative analysis of these architectures has been presented in this paper. The experimental results show that the DenseNet169 model outperformed other models with a training accuracy of 99.83 %, test accuracy of 99.66%, precision of 99.67%, and recall of 99.67%. Additionally, ResNet101 has a 95.92% test accuracy, VGG19 has a test accuracy of 97.83%, the custom architecture has a test accuracy of 98.16%, and InceptionV3 has the lowest test accuracy of 91.66%. It has been concluded that DenseNet169 provides better results for the classification of brain tumors than other models.
Identifying Product Bundle from Market Basket Analysis
Authors: Neupane Ashish , Dhakal Bibek , Aryal Bijay , Kandel Nabin
Published: January 2024

Bundling has emerged as an increasingly popular promotional strategy, offering numerous benefits to buyers and sellers and aligning perfectly with the goals of a transaction process. From the consumer’s perspective, bundling enables them to enjoy substantial savings, with an average percentage off, when purchasing a bundle package at a discount price. This significant cost reduction serves as a critical motivator for embracing bundling. Furthermore, bundling allows customers to streamline their purchasing experience by minimizing search costs. They can conveniently find all the desired products and services in a comprehensive package offered by the seller. Additionally, bundles are favorable to some individuals due to their ability to mitigate compatibility risks between various components. From the seller’s view, adopting bundling can lead to increased sales and a broader customer base. Bundling facilitates the attraction of buyers, while simultaneously raising awareness and acceptance of newly released products...The scope of this project, titled "Identifying Product Bundles from Sales Data using Market Basket," a highly performant model has been developed to aid in the identification of product bundles and market basket determination. Recognizing the multitude of prediction challenges during product sales, this project utilizes historical sales data to predict optimal product bundles. Leveraging a dataset obtained from Instacart, the project incorporates clustering and analysis processes. By thoroughly analyzing the data, the model can predict the most effective product bundles, enabling the selling company to boost its sales potential. This project specifically caters to e-commerce websites seeking to address product bundling and market basket analysis challenges. It provides a valuable platform for applying various techniques to solve problems associated with product bundling, generating comprehensive theoretical and practical resources for research-based studies. Ultimately, this project empowers businesses to make more reliable predictions about the future, enhancing their decision-making processes.
Numerical Model Scenario Analysis of Stilling Basin: A Case Study of Tanahu Hydropower Project (140 MW)
Authors: Khadka Posaraj , Rai Suman
Published: January 2024

The difficulty of experimental methods to modify the complex model motivated the researchers to explore alternative solutions. Tanahu Hydropower Project is a storage-type hydropower project. It has an installed capacity of 140 MW and 140 m high concrete dam along with chute-type stilling basin followed by a complex topography. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is a numerical approximation of partial differential equations. It has been widely used to simulate the fluid flow. In this study, a fluid flow is simulated through the stilling basin using the numerical model for different return period floods. The model’s predictions for flow parameters are validated with the results taken from the 1:60 scaled physical models for the same project. The results regarding the flow velocities and water surface level are within 30% and 1.92 m accuracy respectively. The validated model is run for the three modification cases: i) by opening only two of the three spillway gates, ii) by decreasing the depth of the stilling basin, and iii) by decreasing the length of the basin, aiming to recommend the best alternative solution for the effective dissipation of the high kinetic energy of flow from the 140 m high dam. The results reveal that the base case model is the best solution compared to these three modified cases to pass the flood effectively. This study concludes that the CFD model is the effective alternative tool to analyze the fluid flow problems even in the complex geometry and is recommended to use for the design and modification processes.
Transforming Structural Engineering: Examining the Opportunities and Risks of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models
Authors: Pokhrel Rishav , Parajuli Sital
Published: January 2024

The advancements in technology, particularly the development of high-performance computing (HPC) and large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, can potentially transform the field of Structural Engineering. Use of LLMs, such as ChatGPT, offers several opportunities in Structural Engineering, including the development of innovative design solutions, use in code-based structural analysis programs by automating repetitive coding tasks, conforming to building code requirements by automating compliance checks, and storing information. The critical concerns arise in LLM’s regarding biases, misinformation, safety, reliability, and lack of domain expertise. This paper explores the opportunities and risks associated with using ChatGPT and LLMs in Structural Engineering, focusing on efficiency, accuracy, and reliability. The main aim of the study is to examine the limitations and potential risks of relying solely on machine-generated information and to provide mitigation strategies to overcome them. Careful management to prevent harmful content, collaboration with human experts for accurate results, establishing guidelines and standards are obligatory measures to address ethical concerns such as bias, privacy, and abuse. Continuous monitoring and updating of LLMs are essential to maintain accuracy and relevance. While ChatGPT and LLMs offer significant benefits in Structural Engineering, responsible usage in combination with human expertise and machine-generated insights are vital to maximizing their potential while mitigating risks and ensuring safe as well as reliable engineering practices.
Evaluation of renal arteries in hypertensive patients by multi-detector computed tomography
Authors: Sharma Pradip , Singh Sushma , Sharma Saroj , Yadav Rajesh Prasad , Shrestha Avinesh , Sah Suraj , Panta Pratibha , Sapkota Rabina
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Among various causes of hypertension, only 1 to 2% is renovascular hypertension which may be characterized by the various reasons in renal vascular supply. Multi-detector computed tomography is used to know about the details of the vascular structures in patients. This study aims to evaluate the renal arteries in hypertensive patients.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 93 hypertensive patients. Contrastenhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was conducted, and measurements were obtained from the axial section of the maximum intensity projection image. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Independent t-test and Pearson’s Correlation were used. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The study found mean lengths for the right and left main renal arteries to be 40.33±10.26 mm and 32.36±9.55 mm, and diameters were 4.31±0.86 mm and 4.16±0.81 mm. No significant sex-based differences were observed. However, a significant age-related difference was noted in the length (p=0.012) and diameter (p=0.036) of the right main artery within the 20 to 29 and 80 to 89 years age groups. Weak correlations were observed between left renal artery length and age (r=0.221, p=0.33) and mean right renal artery diameter and age (r=-0.218, p=0.036). Prevalence of accessory renal arteries and early branches was 19.35% and 16.10% respectively.
Conclusions: This study found that there were no statistically significant differences in renal arteries dimensions of hypertensive patients with different age groups and genders. Although the proportion of early renal artery branching and accessory arteries are found to be similar to previous studies there may be other associated factors for all hypertensive patients who don’t have early renal branches or accessory arteries.