bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maturation changes the excitability and effective connectivity of the frontal lobe: A developmental TMS–EEG study
Authors: Määttä Sara , Säisänen Laura , Kallioniemi Elisa , Lakka Timo A. , Lintu Niina , Haapala Eero A. , Koskenkorva Päivi , Niskanen Eini , Ferreri Florinda , Könönen Mervi
Published: January 2019

The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography (TMS–EEG) offers direct neurophysiological insight into excitability and connectivity within neural circuits. However, there have been few developmental TMS–EEG studies to date, and they all have focused on primary motor cortex stimulation. In the present study, we used navigated high‐density TMS–EEG to investigate the maturation of the superior frontal cortex (dorsal premotor cortex [PMd]), which is involved in a broad range of motor and cognitive functions known to develop with age. We demonstrated that reactivity to frontal cortex TMS decreases with development. We also showed that although frontal cortex TMS elicits an equally complex TEP waveform in all age groups, the statistically significant between‐group differences in the topography of the TMS‐evoked peaks and differences in current density maps suggest changes in effective connectivity of the right PMd with maturation. More generally, our results indicate that direct study of the brain's excitability and effective connectivity via TMS–EEG co‐registration can also be applied to pediatric populations outside the primary motor cortex, and may provide useful information for developmental studies and studies on developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Energetic and exergetic investigation on lauric and stearic acid phase‐change material–based thermal energy storage system integrated with engine exhaust
Authors: Yadav Chandrmani , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha
Published: January 2019

Energy and exergy analysis comparison of lauric and stearic acid phase‐change material (PCM)–based energy storage system integrated with engine exhaust have been investigated in the present study, which provides more realistic assessment than the conventional energy analysis. On the basis of thermodynamic laws, energy, exergy, charging efficiencies, and availability of PCM thermal storage with various mass fractions have been investigated at engine full load. The exergy saved for PCMs in the overall system is quantified and were compared. The results revealed a considerable enhancement in energy and exergy efficiency for thermal energy storage with lauric acid PCM due to its enhanced thermophysical properties. Energy and exergy of the storage medium for lauric acid PCM with 0.4 kg mass fraction, increased by 68% and 57.5% compared with stearic acid PCM thermal storage integrated with a diesel engine. Also, energy and exergy efficiency of charging and integrating the system with stearic acid PCM decrease with increase in mass fractions. Thus, lauric acid PCM can be used as thermal storage medium at high temperatures for exhaust heat recovery from engines and also an option for green technology.
Analysis of trends in annual streamflow to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Durocher Martin , Requena Ana I. , Burn Donald H. , Pellerin Jennifer
Published: January 2019

There is increasing interest in the magnitude of the flow of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean due to its impacts on the biogeophysical and socio‐economic systems in the north and its influence on global climate. This study examines freshwater flow based on a dataset of 72 rivers that either directly or indirectly contribute flow to the Arctic Ocean or reflect the hydrologic regime of areas contributing flow to the Arctic Ocean. Annual streamflow for the 72 rivers is categorized as to the nature and location of the contribution to the Arctic Ocean, and composite series of annual flows are determined for each category for the period 1975 to 2015. A trend analysis is then conducted for the annual discharge series assembled for each category. The results reveal a general increase in freshwater flow to the Arctic Ocean with this increase being more prominent from the Eurasian rivers than from the North American rivers. A comparison with trends obtained from an earlier study ending in 2000 indicates similar trend response from the Eurasian rivers, but dramatic differences from some of the North American rivers. A total annual discharge increase of 8.7 km3/y/y is found, with an annual discharge increase of 5.8 km3/y/y observed for the rivers directly flowing to the Arctic Ocean. The influence of annual or seasonal climate oscillation indices on annual discharge series is also assessed. Several river categories are found to have significant correlations with the Arctic Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, no significant association with climate indices is found for the river categories leading to the largest freshwater contribution to the Arctic Ocean.
Circulating and tissue IMP3 levels are correlated with poor survival in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tschirdewahn Stephan , Panic Andrej , Püllen Lukas , Harke Nina N. , Hadaschik Boris , Riesz Peter , Horváth Andras , Szalontai Janos , Nyirády Peter , Baba Hideo A. , Reis Henning , Szarvas Tibor
Published: January 2019

Tissue protein expression of IMP3 is emerging as a promising prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The most commonly used immunohistochemical (IHC) antibody has been criticized for its low specificity. In addition, blood levels of IMP3 have not yet been analyzed in RCC. Therefore, we compared the prognostic performance of two different IMP3 IHC antibodies and assessed the prognostic relevance of IMP3 plasma levels in RCC. IMP3 levels were assessed in an overall number of 425 RCC (344× clear cell [ccRCC], 63× papillary [pRCC], 18× chromophobe [chRCC]) patients in three partly overlapping cohorts. Plasma IMP3 concentrations were determined by ELISA in 98 RCC (79× ccRCC, 15× pRCC, 4× chRCC) patients and 20 controls. IMP3 mRNA expression levels were analyzed in 73 frozen tissue samples (55× ccRCC, 12× pRCC, 6× chRCC), while protein expressions were assessed in 366 FFPE samples (294× ccRCC, 56× pRCC, 16× chRCC) using the M3626 and N‐19 antibodies. IMP3 plasma and mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in patients compared to controls and in high‐grade compared to low‐grade tumors. In addition, IMP3 plasma and tissue protein levels (by M3626) were higher and IMP3 mRNA expression levels tended to be higher in patients with distant metastasis. Multivariate analyses in clear cell RCC revealed high IMP3 plasma concentration and mRNA expression as independent predictors of disease‐specific survival. IMP3 immunostainings by M3626 but not by N‐19 were independently associated with poor overall and disease‐specific survival. High plasma and tissue levels of IMP3 are independently associated with poor RCC prognosis. The applied antibody significantly impacts the prognostic performance of analysis. IMP3 analysis may improve risk‐stratification of RCC patients and therefore could help to optimize therapeutic and follow‐up decisions.
Increased risk of HPV‐associated genital cancers in men and women as a consequence of pre‐invasive disease
Authors: Pan Jiafeng , Kavanagh Kimberley , Cuschieri Kate , Pollock Kevin G. , Gilbert Duncan C. , Millan David , Bell Sarah , Graham Sheila V. , Williams Alistair R.W. , Cruickshank Margaret E. , Palmer Tim , Wakeham Katie
Published: January 2019

To assess the excess risk of HPV‐associated cancer (HPVaC) in two at‐risk groups—women with a previous diagnosis of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) and both men and women treated for non‐cervical pre‐invasive anogenital disease. All CIN3 cases diagnosed in 1989–2015 in Scotland were extracted from the Scottish cancer registry (SMR06). All cases of pre‐invasive penile, anal, vulval, and vaginal disease diagnosed in 1990–2015 were identified within the NHS pathology databases in the two largest NHS health boards in Scotland. Both were linked to SMR06 to extract subsequent incidence of HPVaC following the diagnosis of CIN3 or pre‐invasive disease. Standardised incidence ratios were calculated for the risk of acquiring HPVaC for the two at‐risk groups compared to the general Scottish population. Among 69,714 females in Scotland diagnosed with CIN3 (890,360.9 person‐years), 179 developed non‐cervical HPVaC. CIN3 cases were at 3.2‐fold (95% CI: 2.7 to 3.7) increased risk of developing non‐cervical HPVaC, compared to the general female population. Among 1,235 patients diagnosed with non‐cervical pre‐invasive disease (9,667.4 person‐years), 47 developed HPVaC. Individuals with non‐cervical pre‐invasive disease had a substantially increased risk of developing HPVaC ‐ 15.5‐fold (95% CI: 11.1 to 21.1) increased risk for females and 28‐fold (11.3 to 57.7) increased risk for males. We report a significant additional risk of HPV‐associated cancer in those have been diagnosed with pre‐invasive HPV‐associated lesions including but not confined to the cervix. Uncovering the natural history of pre‐invasive disease has potential for determining screening, prevention and treatment.
List coloring with requests
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk , Norin Sergey , Postle Luke
Published: January 2019

Let be a graph with a list assignment . Suppose a preferred color is given for some of the vertices; how many of these preferences can be respected when ‐coloring ? We explore several natural questions arising in this context, and propose directions for further research.
A precolouring extension of Vizing's theorem
Authors: Girão António , Kang Ross J.
Published: January 2019

Fix a palette of colors, a graph with maximum degree , and a subset of the edge set with minimum distance between edges at least . If the edges of are arbitrarily precoloured from , then there is guaranteed to be a proper edge‐coloring using only colors from that extends the precolouring on to the entire graph. This result is a first general precolouring extension form of Vizing's theorem, and it proves a conjecture of Albertson and Moore under a slightly stronger distance requirement. We also show that the condition on the distance can be lowered to when the graph contains no cycle of length .
Synthesis and Docking Studies of Some 1,2,3‐Benzotriazine‐4‐one Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Fadda Ahmed A. , Abdel‐Latif Ehab , Fekri Ahmed , Mostafa Amal R.
Published: January 2019

Newly synthesized 1,2,3‐benzotriazine‐4‐one derivatives substituted at position‐3 were characterized by various analytical and spectral techniques. The in vitro antitumor activity was evaluated against three different cell lines (liver cells cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer), where compounds 7b, 15, and 25 showed strong antitumor activity with IC50 ranging from 5.54 to 16.26 μM. In addition, molecular modeling studies using MOE were performed to investigate their binding modes to the C‐Met kinase active site. Docking results demonstrated that all new compounds recognized the active sites of C‐Met kinase and form different types of bonding interactions with key active site amino acid residues.
Use of EHRs data for clinical research: Historical progress and current applications
Authors: Nordo Amy Harris , Levaux Hugh P. , Becnel Lauren B. , Galvez Jose , Rao Prasanna , Stem Komathi , Prakash Era , Kush Rebecca Daniels
Published: January 2019

The benefits of reusing EHR data for clinical research studies are numerous. They portend the opportunity to bring new therapies to patients sooner, potentially at a lower cost, and to accelerate learning health cycles—through faster data acquisition in clinical research studies. Metrics have proven that time can be saved, workflow and processes streamlined, and data quality increased significantly. Pilot projects and now actual investigational trials used for regulatory submissions have shown that these benefits support the transformation of clinical research by leveraging EHRs for research. Panelists at a recent collaborative focused on bridging clinical research and clinical care offered varying perspectives on how the latest standards and technologies could be leveraged to facilitate data transfer from EHR systems into clinical research databases, as well as the associated improvements in data quality. Panelists also discussed other avenues to leverage EHR in clinical research. Improvements and exciting possibilities notwithstanding, much work remains. Data ownership and access, attention to metadata and structured data for data sharing, and broader adoption of global standards are key areas for collaboration. With the steady increase in adoption of EHRs around the world, this is an excellent time for all stakeholders to work together and create an environment such that EHRs can be used more readily for research. The capacity for research can thus be increased to provide more high‐quality information that will contribute to rapid continuous learning health systems from which all patients can benefit.
ATRP of N‐Hydroxyethyl Acrylamide in the Presence of Lewis Acids: Control of Tacticity, Molecular Weight, and Architecture
Authors: Sun Yue , Fu Liye , Olszewski Mateusz , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

Good control of tacticity, molecular weight, and architecture is attained via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), in a one‐pot process in the presence of Y(OTf)3. The effect of temperature, ratio of [Y(OTf)3]/[HEAA], and ATRP procedure on the tacticity and degree of control over the polymerization is investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, using photo ATRP and 15% Y(OTf)3, the content of meso dyads (m) can be increased from 42% to 80% in a homopolymer with a dispersity D = 1.22. Well‐defined stereoblock copolymers, atactic‐
b
‐isotactic poly(HEAA), with D = 1.27, are obtained by adding Y(OTf)3 at a specific conversion, initially started without Y(OTf)3.
Adaptive synchronization of new fractional‐order chaotic systems with fractional adaption laws based on risk analysis
Authors: Behinfaraz Reza , Ghaemi Sehraneh , Khanmohammadi Sohrab
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a new fractional‐order chaotic system and an adaptive synchronization of fractional‐order chaotic system are proposed. Parameters adaption laws are obtained to design adaptive controllers using Lyapunov stability theory of fractional‐order system. Finally, reliability of designed controllers and risk analysis of adaptive synchronization problem are formulated and, risk of using the proposed controllers in presences of external disturbances are demonstrated. Also, risk of controllers are reduced using an optimizing method. Numerical examples are used to verify the performance of the proposed controllers.
Molecular effects of copper on the reproductive system of mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Lettieri Gennaro , Mollo Velia , Ambrosino Alessia , Caccavale Filomena , Troisi Jacopo , Febbraio Ferdinando , Piscopo Marina
Published: January 2019

This study aims to assess the effects induced by 24 hr exposure to a subtoxic copper concentration on the reproductive system (gonads, spermatozoa, and protamine‐like [PL] proteins) of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry indicated accumulation of this metal in gonads, spermatozoa, and PL proteins of exposed mussels. Further, real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed altered expression levels of mt10 and PL proteins genes in spermatozoa and gonads, respectively, of exposed mussels. Protamine‐like proteins, which represent the main basic component of sperm chromatin of this organism, showed a higher DNA binding affinity and a different DNA binding mode in exposed mussels. Moreover, an increased amount of NaCl was required for the release from sperm nuclei of PL‐III, the main PL protein component. Finally, PL proteins extracted from exposed mussels promoted DNA oxidative damage in the presence of H
2O
2. These results demonstrate that the tolerable copper amount could also affect the properties of PL proteins and determine the negative effects on the reproductive system of this organism. These analyses could be useful to develop quick and efficient chromatin‐based genotoxicity tests for pollution biomonitoring programs.
Different types of electrospun nanofibers and their effect on microfluidic‐based immunoassay
Authors: Mahmoudifard Matin , Vossoughi Manouchehr , Soleimani Masoud
Published: January 2019

Protein capturing on polymeric substrate of microfluidic devices is a key factor for the fabrication of immunoassay with high sensitivity. In this work, simple and versatile technique of electrospinning was used to produce electrospun nanofibrous membranes (e.NFMs) with high surface area as a substrate for microfluidic‐based immunoassay to increase sensitivity. It was found that the simultaneous use of e.NFM and 1‐Ethylethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide/N‐Hydroxysuccinimide hydroxysuccinimide as coupling agent has synergic effect on antigen immobilization onto the microchannels. It was found that the oxygen plasma technique for the creation of oxygen containing functional group like carboxyl and hydroxyl causes extreme leakage of solution through the microchannels. Thus, due to capillary effect, it is impossible to use hydrophilic substrate to modify microchannels. In order to compensate this problem, it is propose to utilize other type of polymer for the fabrication of nanofiber to answer this important question that if it is possible to enhance the sensitivity of immunoassay just by changing the polymer type? For this purpose, four different polymers, namely, polycaprolactone, poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid, poly L‐lactic acid, and polyethersolfone were used as the based material for e.NFM fabrication. Results showed that compared with plain poly (dimethylsiloxane) surface of microchannels, poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acidand poly L‐lactic acid, which inherently contain end‐group of carboxyl in their chemical structure, can improve the protein immobilization, which leads to immunoassay signal enhancement through 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide/N‐hydroxysuccinimide coupling chemistry, significantly.
The Chang Gung Research Database—A multi‐institutional electronic medical records database for real‐world epidemiological studies in Taiwan
Authors: Shao Shih‐Chieh , Chan Yuk‐Ying , Kao Yang Yea‐Huei , Lin Swu‐Jane , Hung Ming‐Jui , Chien Rong‐Nan , Lai Chi‐Chun , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), the largest multi‐institutional electronic medical records (EMR) collection in Taiwan, provides good access for researchers to efficiently use the standardized patient‐level data. This study evaluates the capacity and representativeness of the CGRD to promote secondary use of EMR data for clinical research with more accurate estimates.

Methods

The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) which covers over 99.9% of the Taiwanese population served as the comparator in this study. We compare the data components of the CGRD with the NHIRD, including records for health care facilities, patients, diagnoses, drugs, and procedures. Using the chi‐square test, we compared the distributions of age categories and sex of patients, and the rates of their health conditions between NHIRD and CGRD based on the year 2015.

Results

The CGRD contains more clinical information such as pathological and laboratory results than the NHIRD. The CGRD includes 6.1% of outpatients and 10.2% of hospitalized patients from the NHIRD. We found the CGRD includes more elderly outpatients (23.5% vs 12.5%) and pediatric inpatients (19.7% vs 14.4%) compared with the NHIRD. We found patients' sex distributions were similar between CGRD and NHIRD, but coverage rates of severe conditions, such as cancer, were higher than other health conditions in CGRD.

Conclusions

The CGRD could serve as the basis for accurate estimates in medical studies. However, researchers should pay special attention to selection biases since patients' characteristics from CGRD differ from those of the national database.
A Novel Core‐Attachment–Based Method to Identify Dynamic Protein Complexes Based on Gene Expression Profiles and PPI Networks
Authors: Xiao Qianghua , Luo Ping , Li Min , Wang Jianxin , Wu Fang‐Xiang
Published: January 2019

Cellular functions are always performed by protein complexes. At present, many approaches have been proposed to identify protein complexes from protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Some approaches focus on detecting local dense subgraphs in PPI networks which are regarded as protein‐complex cores, then identify protein complexes by including local neighbors. However, from gene expression profiles at different time points or tissues it is known that proteins are dynamic. Therefore, identifying dynamic protein complexes should become very important and meaningful. In this study, a novel core‐attachment–based method named CO‐DPC to detect dynamic protein complexes is presented. First, CO‐DPC selects active proteins according to gene expression profiles and the 3‐sigma principle, and constructs dynamic PPI networks based on the co‐expression principle and PPI networks. Second, CO‐DPC detects local dense subgraphs as the cores of protein complexes and then attach close neighbors of these cores to form protein complexes. In order to evaluate the method, the method and the existing algorithms are applied to yeast PPI networks. The experimental results show that CO‐DPC performs much better than the existing methods. In addition, the identified dynamic protein complexes can match very well and thus become more meaningful for future biological study.
BN Pairs Enriched Defective Carbon Nanosheets for Ammonia Synthesis with High Efficiency
Authors: Chen Chen , Yan Dafeng , Wang Yu , Zhou Yangyang , Zou Yuqin , Li Yafei , Wang Shuangyin
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical synthesis has garnered attention as a promising alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process to enable the generation of ammonia (NH3) under ambient conditions. Current electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to produce NH3 are comprised of noble metals or transitional metals. Here, an efficient metal‐free catalyst (BCN) is demonstrated without precious component and can be easily fabricated by pyrolysis of organic precursor. Both theoretical calculations and experiments confirm that the doped BN pairs are the active triggers and the edge carbon atoms near to BN pairs are the active sites toward the NRR. This doping strategy can provide sufficient active sites while retarding the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process; thus, NRR with high NH3 formation rate (7.75 µg h−1 mgcat.
−1) and excellent Faradaic efficiency (13.79%) are achieved at −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), exceeding the performance of most of the metallic catalysts.
Non-perturbative effects in μ → eγ
Authors: Dekens Wouter , Jenkins Elizabeth E. , Manohar Aneesh V. , Stoffer Peter
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We compute the non-perturbative contribution of semileptonic tensor operators

$$ \left(\overline{q}{\sigma}^{\mu \nu }q\right)\left(\overline{\ell}{\sigma}_{\mu \nu}\ell \right) $$

q
¯

σ

μ
ν

q

ℓ
¯

σ

μ
ν

ℓ

to the purely leptonic process μ → eγ and to the electric and magnetic dipole moments of charged leptons by matching onto chiral perturbation theory at low energies. This matching procedure has been used extensively to study semileptonic and leptonic weak decays of hadrons. In this paper, we apply it to observables that contain no strongly interacting external particles. The non-perturbative contribution to μ → e processes is used to extract the best current bound on lepton-flavor-violating semileptonic tensor operators, ΛBSM ≳ 450 TeV. We briefly discuss how the same method applies to dark-matter interactions.
Strong cosmic censorship for the massless Dirac field in the Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Ge Boxuan , Jiang Jie , Wang Bin , Zhang Hongbao , Zhong Zhen
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We present the Fermi story of strong cosmic censorship in the near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole. To this end, we first derive from scratch the criterion for the quasi-normal modes of Dirac field to violate strong cosmic censorship in such a background, which turns out to be exactly the same as those for Bose fields, although the involved energy momentum tensor is qualitatively different from that for Bose fields. Then to extract the low-lying quasi-normal modes by Prony method, we apply Crank-Nicolson method to evolve our Dirac field in the double null coordinates. As a result, it shows that for a fixed near-extremal black hole, strong cosmic censorship can be recovered by the

$$ l=\frac{1}{2} $$

l
=

1
2

black hole family mode once the charge of our Dirac field is greater than some critical value, which is increased as one approaches the extremal black hole.
Intrahepatic Glissonian Approach to the Ventral Aspect of the Arantius Ligament in Laparoscopic Left Hemihepatectomy
Authors: Kim Ji Hoon , Choi Jae‐Woon
Published: January 2019

Background

Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy using the Glissonian approach is technically challenging secondary to a thick Glissonian pedicle and limited maneuverability of laparoscopic instruments. This procedure demands extreme caution owing to the high risk of bile leakage associated with left hemihepatectomy. We describe the technical details and surgical outcomes of the intrahepatic Glissonian approach to the ventral aspect of the Arantius ligament in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy.

Methods

After detachment of the left side of hilar plate, the meticulous dissection was performed in the liver capsule above the left Glissonian pedicle. Dissection of the ventral aspect of the Arantius ligament creates the space between the liver parenchyma and the left Glissonian pedicle. The left Glissonian pedicle was isolated and encircled using the long curved laparoscopic instrument. During the parenchymal transection, the left Glissonian pedicle was transected using lateral to the Arantius ligament.

Results

Between February 2013 and July 2018, 13 consecutive patients underwent pure laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy. The median operation time was 230 min (range 180–300 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 300 mL (range 100–600 mL). Two patients (15%) required transfusion. The median tumor size was 40 mm (range 10–105 mm). All patients showed negative resection margins. The median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days (range 6–15 days). Major postoperative complications occurred in 1 patient (7.7%). No perioperative deaths occurred.

Conclusion

An intrahepatic Glissonian approach to the ventral aspect of the Arantius ligament is a feasible and effective technique in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy.
Effectiveness of CBT for children and adolescents with depression: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Oud Matthijs , de Winter Lars , Vermeulen-Smit Evelien , Bodden Denise , Nauta Maaike , Stone Lisanne , van den Heuvel Marieke , Taher Reham Al , de Graaf Ireen , Kendall Tim , Engels Rutger , Stikkelbroek Yvonne
Published: January 2019

Background:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is first choice of treatment for depressive symptoms and disorders in adolescents, however improvements are necessary because overall efficacy is low. Insights on CBT components and contextual and structural characteristics might increase the efficacy. The aim of our approach is to evaluate the efficacy of CBT for youth with depression and investigate the influence of specific components, contextual and structural factors that could improve effects.

Methods:

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted, searches were undertaken in CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed and PsycINFO. Outcomes were meta-analyzed and confidence in results was assessed using the GRADE-method. Meta-regression was used to pinpoint components or other factors that were associated with an in- or decrease of effects of CBT.

Results:

We included 31 trials with 4335 participants. Moderate-quality evidence was found for CBT reducing depressive symptoms at the end of treatment and at follow-up, and CBT as indicated prevention resulted in 63% less risk of being depressed at follow-up. CBT containing a combination of behavioral activation and challenging thoughts component (as part of cognitive restructuring) or the involvement of caregiver(s) in intervention were associated with better outcomes for youth on the long term.

Conclusions:

There is evidence that CBT is effective for youth with a (subclinical) depression. Our analyses show that effects might improve when CBT contains the components behavioral activation and challenging thoughts and also when the caregiver(s) are involved. However, the influential effects of these three moderators should be further tested in RCTs.
The instantaneous structure of secondary flows in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Vanderwel C. , Stroh A. , Kriegseis J. , Frohnapfel B. , Ganapathisubramani B.
Published: January 2019

Secondary flows can develop in turbulent boundary layers that grow over surfaces with spanwise inhomogeneities. In this article, we demonstrate the formation of secondary flows in both experimental and numerical tests and dissect the instantaneous structure and topology of these secondary motions. We show that the formation of secondary flows is not very sensitive to the Reynolds number range investigated, and direct numerical simulations and experiments produce similar results in the mean flow as well as the dispersive and turbulent stress distributions. The numerical methods capture time-resolved features of the instantaneous flow and provide insight into the near-wall flow structures, that were previously obscured in the experimental measurements. Proper orthogonal decomposition was shown to capture the essence of the secondary flows in relatively few modes and to be useful as a filter to analyse the instantaneous flow patterns. The secondary flows are found to create extended regions of high Reynolds stress away from the wall that comprise predominantly sweeps similar to what one would expect to see near the wall and which are comparable in magnitude to the near-wall stress. Analysis of the instantaneous flow patterns reveals that the secondary flows are the result of a non-homogeneous distribution of mid-size vortices.
Why is Kemeny’s constant a constant?
Authors: Bini Dario , Hunter Jeffrey J. , Latouche Guy , Meini Beatrice , Taylor Peter
Published: January 2019

In their 1960 book on finite Markov chains, Kemeny and Snell established that a certain sum is invariant. The value of this sum has become known as Kemeny’s constant. Various proofs have been given over time, some more technical than others. We give here a very simple physical justification, which extends without a hitch to continuous-time Markov chains on a finite state space. For Markov chains with denumerably infinite state space, the constant may be infinite and even if it is finite, there is no guarantee that the physical argument will hold. We show that the physical interpretation does go through for the special case of a birth-and-death process with a finite value of Kemeny’s constant.
Paying Attention to Inattentive Survey Respondents
Authors: Alvarez R. Michael , Atkeson Lonna Rae , Levin Ines , Li Yimeng
Published: January 2019

Does attentiveness matter in survey responses? Do more attentive survey participants give higher quality responses? Using data from a recent online survey that identified inattentive respondents using instructed-response items, we demonstrate that ignoring attentiveness provides a biased portrait of the distribution of critical political attitudes and behavior. We show that this bias occurs in the context of both typical closed-ended questions and in list experiments. Inattentive respondents are common and are more prevalent among the young and less educated. Those who do not pass the trap questions interact with the survey instrument in distinctive ways: they take less time to respond; are more likely to report nonattitudes; and display lower consistency in their reported choices. Inattentiveness does not occur completely at random and failing to properly account for it may lead to inaccurate estimates of the prevalence of key political attitudes and behaviors, of both sensitive and more prosaic nature.
Contribution of sugarcane crop wild relatives in the creation of improved varieties in Mauritius
Authors: Santchurn D. , Badaloo M.G.H. , Zhou M. , Labuschagne M.T.
Published: January 2019

Significant genetic diversity for sucrose and fibre percentages exists in the species that served as the foundation of present day sugarcane cultivars. However, information is lacking worldwide on the recent contributions of sugarcane crop wild relatives (mainly Saccharum, Erianthus and Miscanthus wild species) in developing new varieties. There is renewed interest in using those relatives for creating new varieties to use as a dedicated bioenergy crop with higher fibre. This study focuses on past data analysis of sugarcane breeding in Mauritius with the objective to assess the efficiency in exploiting sugarcane wild relatives since 1970s to date. Pedigree analyses helped retrace the parentages of elite inter-specific hybrids reaching the final stages of selection. The studies confirmed the high prevalence of a few ‘wonder canes’ (successful hybrids with wild canes produced in the beginning of last century) among the ancestors of Mauritian varieties. Among the wild relatives, eight Saccharum spontaneum, two S. robustum, and one Erianthus clones were involved in generating elite genotypes worth evaluating at the advanced variety trial stages. A few early generation hybrids were released in the past for industrial exploitation, the latest one being M 1002/02 in 2016, with sugar as the primary output. Recent studies on the biomass potential and fibre yield of inter-specific hybrids are giving promising results, which expands the horizon in the use of sugarcane wild relatives for the generation of novel type of sugarcane varieties for multiple end-uses.
Local Earthquake Tomography of the Nevado del Huila Volcanic Complex (Colombia): Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions in a Volcanic‐Glacier Complex System
Authors: García M. A. , Vargas C. A. , Koulakov I. Yu
Published: January 2019

Nevado del Huila is an active volcano in Colombia having high explosive potential and serious hazard for surrounding population. Here we present the first 3‐D seismic velocity model of the Nevado del Huila Volcanic Complex based on local earthquake tomography. We used 13,790 events with the corresponding 49,412 P wave and 47,972 S wave arrival times recorded by the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Popayán (Colombia). The period of observations from 2007 to 2016 covers stages of eruptions (first registered to date) and repose of the volcano. The seismic structure reveals two prominent nearly vertical anomalies with high Vp/Vs ratio that are interpreted as conduits connecting the volcano structures with a deeper seated magma reservoir. The anomaly beneath the southern flank of the volcano is limited by the Calambayú Fault and coincides with the dense seismicity cluster. We interpret this anomaly as the pathway of fluids following the weakened rocks along the fault zone. Another anomaly located beneath the main summit of Nevado del Huila probably represents the magma conduit that fed the previous eruption of this volcano. The seismicity here is not as intensive as that beneath the southern flank, which is possibly caused by higher temperature and ductile properties of rocks in the conduit. At depths from 2 to 4 km below surface, we observe the limit between higher Vp/Vs below and lower Vp/Vs above that possibly represents the level of fluid degassing due to decompression.
Tracing Atlantic Waters Using 129I and 236U in the Fram Strait in 2016
Authors: Wefing A.‐M. , Christl M. , Vockenhuber C. , Rutgers van der Loeff M. , Casacuberta N.
Published: January 2019

In this study 129I and 236U concentrations in seawater samples collected onboard R/V Polarstern during the PS100 expedition in the Fram Strait in 2016 are presented. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of these long‐lived radionuclides along the transect located at 79°N. The combination of both radionuclides was used for the first time in the Fram Strait to trace ocean circulation pathways of Atlantic waters. Results show that both 129I and 236U concentrations as well as 236U/238U ratios are about two times higher (> 600 × 107 at kg(−1), > 20 × 106 at kg(−1), and 2.8 × 10−9, respectively) in the cold and fresh outflowing surface waters from the Arctic Ocean (Polar Surface Water, PSW) compared to inflowing Atlantic origin waters (300 × 107 at kg(−1) 129I, 12 × 106 at kg(−1) 236U, and 1.4 × 10−9 236U/238U). A comparison with the different 129I and 236U input functions for the Atlantic branches entering the Arctic Ocean reveals that the middepth Atlantic origin waters outflowing the Arctic Ocean show more influence of the Barents Sea Branch Water than the Fram Strait Branch Water. The high radionuclide concentrations observed in the PSW indicate substantial influence of the Norwegian Coastal Current. This current carries a significantly larger proportion of 129I and 236U releases from European reprocessing plants than the aforementioned Atlantic branches. We estimate surface water transit times from the northern Norwegian Coast through the Arctic to the PSW of 12–19 years, less than for the middepth Barents Sea Branch Water (16–23 years).
Circulation of Pacific Winter Water in the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhong Wenli , Steele Michael , Zhang Jinlun , Cole Sylvia T.
Published: January 2019

Pacific Winter Water (PWW) enters the western Arctic Ocean from the Chukchi Sea; however, the physical mechanisms that regulate its circulation within the deep basin are still not clear. Here, we investigate the interannual variability of PWW with a comprehensive data set over a decade. We quantify the thickening and expansion of the PWW layer during 2002–2016, as well as its changing pathway. The total volume of PWW in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) region is estimated to have increased from 3.48 ± 0.04 × 1014 m3 during 2002–2006 to 4.11 ± 0.02 × 1014 m3 during 2011–2016, an increase of 18%. We find that the deepening rate of the lower bound of PWW is almost double that of its upper bound in the northern Canada Basin, a result of lateral flux convergence of PWW (via lateral advection of PWW from the Chukchi Borderland) in addition to the Ekman pumping. In particular, of the 70‐m deepening of PWW at its lower bound observed over 2003–2011 in the northwestern basin, 43% resulted from lateral flux convergence. We also find a redistribution of PWW in recent years toward the Chukchi Borderland associated with the wind‐driven spin‐up and westward shift of the BG. Finally, we hypothesize that a recently observed increase of lower halocline eddies in the BG might be explained by this redistribution, through a compression mechanism over the Chukchi Borderland.
Quantitative Analysis of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes Under the Grain for Green Program in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Lv Meixia , Ma Zhuguo , Li Mingxing , Zheng Ziyan
Published: January 2019

Afforestation‐induced changes in water resources have attracted worldwide attention. However, a clear picture of quantitative attribution of terrestrial water storage (TWS) variation from hydroclimatic and anthropogenic factors is still lacking. In this study, a quantitative analysis of TWS variation was conducted in the Yellow River basin of China under the Grain for Green project with consideration of irrigation. The results showed that the TWS has decreased (increased) more and more quickly (slowly) in the Loess Plateau (headwater region). The TWS increase corresponded to increased runoff and soil moisture in the headwaters, and the TWS depletion corresponded to decreased runoff and groundwater in the Loess Plateau and downstream regions. Regarding the TWS change (TWSC), it exhibited a negative trend across the basin. The increase in evapotranspiration (ET) dominated the basin‐averaged TWSC reduction, while the increase in ET was highly related to the increases in vegetation cover and irrigation water use. For spatial TWSC variations, the value of precipitation minus ET could account for most changes in TWSC, except for those in the headwater region and a region near the internally drained area. The increased vegetation coverage, which can affect multiple hydrological processes, played an important role in these two excluded regions. Importantly, the irrigation‐induced TWSC was considerable and varied with different irrigation water sources (i.e., surface water and groundwater). Overall, the impacts of afforestation and irrigation on TWS are sufficiently important. The research in this study can provide guidance for the water resource management during revegetation efforts.
A 10‐Year Record of Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Forcing Over Three Environmentally Distinct AERONET Sites in Kenya, East Africa
Authors: Boiyo Richard , Kumar K. Raghavendra , Zhao Tianliang , Guo Jianping
Published: January 2019

In the framework of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), the aerosol optical, microphysical, and radiative properties were investigated over three sites (CRPSM_Malindi, Nairobi, and ICIPE_Mbita) in Kenya, East Africa, during 2006–2015. The annual mean (±σ) aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AOD440) was found high at Mbita (0.27 ± 0.09) followed by Malindi (0.26 ± 0.07), and low at Nairobi (0.19 ± 0.04). Whereas the seasonal mean AOD440 noticed high (low) values during the local dry (wet) seasons. The aerosol optical properties: AOD, single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, and complex aerosol refractive index exhibited significant temporal and spectral heterogeneities illustrating the complexity of aerosol types with an abundance of fine‐mode aerosols during the local dry (June–July–August) season. Characterization of major aerosol types revealed the dominance of mixed‐type followed by biomass burning aerosols. The aerosol volume size distribution revealed that the coarse‐ over fine‐mode aerosols showed a significant contribution to the total volume particle concentration, especially at high (>0.3) AOD440. Further, the aerosol columnar number size distribution retrieved from the King's inversion of spectral AOD exhibited a power law distribution affirming multiplicity of aerosol sources. The direct aerosol radiative forcing values simulated in the shortwave region using the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer model showed good correlation (r = >0.85) with the AERONET‐derived ones at the top‐of‐atmosphere, bottom‐of‐atmosphere, and within the atmosphere. The annual mean (±σ) top‐of‐atmosphere, bottom‐of‐atmosphere, and within the atmosphere forcing values were found in the range from −8.10 ± 3.75 to −13.23 ± 4.87, −34.54 ± 4.86 to −46.11 ± 10.27, and 26.63 ± 6.43 to 36.24 ± 7.26 W/m2, respectively, with an atmospheric heating rate of 0.74 ± 0.12–1.02 ± 0.20 K/day. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer‐derived direct aerosol radiative forcing exhibited significant temporal heterogeneity with high (low) during the local dry (wet) seasons. Results derived from the present study forms a basis for regional climate change studies and could increase the accuracy of climate models over this unexplored region of Africa.
Combined experimental and theoretical study of long-range H–F interactions in α-fluoro amides
Authors: Cosimi Elena , Trapp Nils , Ebert Marc-Olivier , Wennemers Helma
Published: January 2019

A combined experimental and computational approach provided insight into the nature and conformational dependence of long-range 4JHF couplings in α-fluoro amides.
Ferroelectricity, ionic conductivity and structural paths for large cation migration in Ca10.5−xPbx(VO4)7single crystals,x= 1.9, 3.5, 4.9
Authors: Deyneko Dina V. , Petrova Daria A. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Baryshnikova Oksana V. , Fedotov Stanislav S. , Burns Peter C. , Kosmyna Miron B. , Shekhovtsov Aleksey N. , Lazoryak Bogdan I.
Published: January 2019

Crystal structure, thermal, ionic conductivity of large cations (Ca and Pb), dielectric and non-linear optical properties were investigated for Ca10.5−xPbx(VO4)7single crystals (x= 1.9, 3.5, 4.9).
Growth of high-quality GaN crystals on a BCN nanosheet-coated substrate by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Zhang Baoguo , Wu Yongzhong , Zhang Lei , Huo Qin , Hu Haixiao , Ma Fukun , Yang Mingzhi , Shi Dong , Shao Yongliang , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: January 2019

In this study, boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanosheets were used as a substrate coating material to grow gallium nitride (GaN) crystals by hydride vapor phase epitaxy.
Amide linked redox-active naphthoquinones for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Woolley Krystel L. , Nadikudi Monila , Koupaei Mitra N. , Corban Monika , McCartney Paul , Bissember Alex C. , Lewis Trevor W. , Gueven Nuri , Smith Jason A.
Published: January 2019

Naphthoquinones have been investigated as potential therapeutic molecules for neurodegenerative disorders, which is largely based on their anti-oxidative potential.
Investigation on two new antimony-based quaternary chalcogenides: Na6CdSb4S10 and Na3CdSbSe4
Authors: Huang Yi , Wu Xiaowen , Beysen Sadeh
Published: January 2019

Two new Sb-based chalcogenides exhibiting interesting structural features and optical properties were successfully synthesized for the first time.
Highly active copper(i) complexes of aroylthiourea ligands against cancer cells – synthetic and biological studies
Authors: Jeyalakshmi Kumaramangalam , Haribabu Jebiti , Balachandran Chandrasekar , Narmatha Eswaramoorthi , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Aoki Shin , Awale Suresh , Karvembu Ramasamy
Published: January 2019

Copper(i) complexes containing sulfur donor monodentate aroylthiourea ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for their biological applications.
Introducing nanodiamond into TiO2-based anode for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Xuan , Sun Xiaochen , Jiang Zhigang , Wang Qiliang , Gao Nan , Li Hongdong , Zhang Hanxiang , Yu Kaifeng , Su Chang
Published: January 2019

In this work, we report a new type of anode consisting of mixed detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) hollow nanospheres (HNSs) for improving the specific capacity and cycle stability of lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Binary small molecule organic nanoparticles exhibit both direct and diffusion-limited ultrafast charge transfer with NIR excitation
Authors: Kudisch Bryan , Maiuri Margherita , Wang Leon , Lim Tristan , Lu Hoang , Lee Victoria , Prud'homme Robert K. , Scholes Gregory D.
Published: January 2019

We report the facile synthesis on new binary organic nanoparticles composed of NIR absorbing small molecules, which we show using ultrafast spectroscopy undergo photoinduced electron transfer.
A universal method for sensitive and cell-free detection of CRISPR-associated nucleases
Authors: Cox Kurt J. , Subramanian Hari K. K. , Samaniego Christian Cuba , Franco Elisa , Choudhary Amit
Published: January 2019

We report a universal assay for sensitive, cell-free detection of CRISPR-associated nucleases by coupling activity to a fluorescent transcription product.
WO3/BiVO4: impact of charge separation at the timescale of water oxidation
Authors: Selim Shababa , Francàs Laia , García-Tecedor Miguel , Corby Sacha , Blackman Chris , Gimenez Sixto , Durrant James R. , Kafizas Andreas
Published: January 2019

Unveiling the role of applied bias on the charge carrier dynamics in the WO3/BiVO4 junction during water oxidation.
Population analysis to increase the robustness of molecular computational identification and its extension into the near-infrared for substantial numbers of small objects
Authors: Yao Chaoyi , Ling Jue , Chen Linyihong , de Silva A. Prasanna
Published: January 2019

A population of polymer beads carrying different molecular computational identification (MCID) logic tags are unambiguously assigned following a statistical evaluation.