bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome and other comorbidities in the structure of COVID-19 mortality in the Republic of Moldova (March-December 2020)
Authors:   Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Republic of Moldova, Mereuta Ion , Fedas Vasile ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Tomsa Anastasia ,   National Agency for Public Health, Republic of Moldova, Cebotari Anghela ,   Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

Metabolic syndrome and other co-morbidities in the structure of COVID-19 mortality in the Republic of Moldova (March-December 2020) The mortality of the population of the Republic of Moldova through COVID-19 in March-December 2020 made up 2846 (100%) people confirmed with SARS CoV-2 (women –1362/2846 (47,8%), men — 1484/2846 (52,2%). In the urban sector it is 1649/2846 (58,0%), including Chisinau — 1034/2846 (36,3%), Balti — 158/2846 (5,6%), in the rural sector — 1197/2846 (42%). Mortality in the age groups constituted for the age group of 30-70 years (men — 862/2846 (30,3%), women — 805/2846 (28,2%). The share of comorbidity was 1905/2846 (66,9%), the structure of the main diseases being: diseases of the cardiovascular system – 966/1905 (33,9%); diabetes mellitus – 523/1905 (27,5%); malignant tumors – 91/1905 (4,8%). In the age groups — 30-70 years: diseases of the circulatory system – 485/1905 (25.4%), diabetes – 335/1905 (17.6%), cancer – 62/1905 (3.3%).
Post-surgical rehabilitation of children with tumor lesions of the maxillofacial region
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Railean Silvia , Postaru Cristina ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Granciuc Gheorghe ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Volovei Marcel ,   Emilian Cotaga Children's Clinical Hospital, Republica of Moldova
Published: July 2021

Post-surgical rehabilitation of children with benign tumor injuries of the jaws. Introduction. Tumors in children have a specific and constantly current topic. With the advent of new diagnostic technologies, there is an increasing incidence of tumors in children. The peculiarities of the growth and development of the child from newborn to adolescent highlight new and new problems of morphofunctional and psycho-emotional rehabilitation, both immediately after treatment and at a distance. The purpose of the study was to find out the problems that appear in children after the surgical removal of benign tumors from the jaw region. Results. During 2020 year, 66 children with benign tumors of the jaws were found. The children underwent surgical treatment to remove the tumors. It has been found that tumors located in the mandible are two times more common than those located in the upper jaw. The period of morphofunctional rehabilitation of the child after the removal of the tumor depending on the growth of the tumor and the peculiarities of the dentomaxillary system, we have three categories of children. Children with tumor removal in the block. Children with tumor removal by curettage. Children with palliative tumor removal. Rehabilitation methods include restoring the dental arch with removable applines. In group two, remodeling the growth of the jaws with the positioning of the permanent teeth. Group three includes tooth repositioning, jaw remodeling, and tooth eruption stimulation. Conclusion. Tumors with localization in the jaws during the growth and development of the child require complex rehabilitation, immediately after treatment and at a distance, with a personalized character depending on the postoperative defects and the age of the child.
The role of the oral microbiome in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors of the oral cavity
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Spinei Aurelia , Chiriac Anca ,   "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romania, Spinei Iurie ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Tibirna Gheorghe ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

Despite advancement in tumors treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral tumors–related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral tumors. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral tumors and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral tumors.
Oral cavity tumors in children. Diagnostic approach
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Ursu Danis , Railean Silvia ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Ciupac Sergiu ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Lupan Roman ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Porosencov Egor ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

Although the majority of lesions reported in children and adolescents are benign, it should be recognized that oral malignant tumors do occur in children. The incidence of childhood malignancy is greatest in the 1st year of life, with the second peak to be found at 2–3 years of age. Many clinicians do believe that oral cancer is particularly aggressive in young patients, and is associated with poorer survival compared to adults. Numerous early reports of oral cancer in young adults concluded that the disease was more aggressive, and prognosis was poorer than in older adults. Purpose of this study is to make a literature review on the diagnostic methods of the tumors of oral cavity in children. Conclusion. Despite the progress in technology and medicine paraclinical examination methods in determining tumors of the oral cavity in children haven’t been developed and studied enough, thourder studies have to be done in order to create diagnostic protocols for the pediatric population.
Pielonefritis por Escherichia coli en el Hospital Naval de Guayaquil-Ecuador
Authors: Remache Maria , Mendoza Suarez H , Pazmiño Concha , Andrade Israel David
Published: July 2021

Las infecciones en la vía urinaria de la población de Guayaquil Ecuador, se incrementan, por las precarias condiciones sanitarias y los malos hábitos de aseo. En los casos de Pielonefritis por ejemplo, ha sido la bacteria Escherichia. coli la ocurrente, pudiendo generar complicaciones renales hasta poder convertiste en un caso hepático grave por las lesiones que se les infrinja a los riñones, es por ello que la presente investigación tiene como fin establecer la incidencia de la E. coli en los casos de Pielonefritis en el Hospital Naval de Guayaquil. Para lo cual se desarrolló un estudio de campo descriptivo de corte transversal, contando con una población finita de 150 pacientes con patologías en las vías urinarias, (55 caballeros y 95 damas), estudio realizado por autorización informada de sus pacientes a partir de su historia clínica (área de ginecología o urología) junto a la recolección de muestras de orina para pruebas de Sedimento urinario y el Urocultivo en medio aerobico. Teniendo como resultado que el sexo femenino es el que presenta una mayor incidencia de la E coli, detectándose esta bacteria en los casos de Pielonefritis. Verificándose que existe en los casos estudiados en un 85% la incidencia de las bacterias gram negativas: E coli en los casos de Pielonefritis.
Estrategia de educación universitaria virtual en salud ambiental para el desconfinamiento: caso Ecuador
Authors: Vargas Párraga Vanessa Monserrate , Lucio Garófalo Fanny Consuelo , Vargas Párraga Luis Enrique , Mera Zambrano Ana Cecilia
Published: July 2021

La Salud Ambiental cobra un papel relevante en el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19 debido a las diferentes actividades que deben desarrollarse desde su enfoque para la prevención y control de la transmisión del virus, resultando útil para su contención y el desconfinamiento progresivo de la población. En tal sentido, es necesaria la formación educativa en el área, y considerando las restricciones y limitaciones de acceso, se propone la creación de un curso virtual básico acerca de las medidas establecidas en los distintos protocolos emitidos en el Ecuador desde la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí. La propuesta está constituida por seis (6) módulos: Definiciones pertinentes, Líneas de acción básicas, Acciones personales, Limpieza y desinfección de espacios, Agua potable y sistema integral de saneamiento, y Vigilancia ambiental de espacios recreativos. Los contenidos se dictarán completamente a distancia, ambientadas en la plataforma digital Moodle, disponiendo de recursos didácticos y diferentes estrategias de evaluación con la finalidad de construir conocimiento.
La inteligencia artificial, una herramienta para la Salud Digital
Authors: Valero Cajahuanca Julio Elvis , Sinche Crispin Fernando Viterbo , Gordillo Flores Rafael Edwin , Larios Franco Alfredo César
Published: July 2021

El constante avance tecnológico ha permitido la evolución de la práctica médica, generando el concepto denominado salud digital, que consiste en incorporar las tecnologías de información y comunicación a los productos, servicios y procesos de atención sanitaria. Una de las herramientas que permiten este avance es la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), una rama de la informática que desarrolla algoritmos capaces de aprender de los datos y utilizar lo aprendido en la toma de decisiones tal y como lo haría un ser humano. Este estudio se identifica cómo la investigación, las decisiones de diagnóstico, el tratamiento en pacientes y la planificación para la prevención y control de la salud están siendo optimizados gracias a la implementación de la IA, mostrando análisis cuantitativos al nivel de interés y aplicación asociado a estos cuatro procesos con respecto a las enfermedades que más afectan a la población de Perú y Latinoamérica.
Calidad del aire en la ciudad San Francisco de Milagro y su influencia en la salud poblacional
Authors: Alcázar Espinoza Javier Alexander , Romero Romero Byron Ramiro , Vaca Coronel Carlos Andrés , Balón Ramos Isabel Del Rocío
Published: July 2021

La contaminación ambiental es un problema de salud con serias implicaciones negativas para el ser humano. Según la OMS, la contaminación atmosférica es responsable de 6.67 millones de muertes al año por accidentes cardiovasculares, enfermedades cardíacas, cáncer de pulmón y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (HEI, 2020; OMS, 2021). La presente investigación determino la calidad del aire en la ciudad San Francisco de Milagro y su influencia en la salud poblacional. Los esultados expresan, que la concentración promedio de estos gases están dentro delos estándares establecidos por la OMS (2005), OMS (2018); para cada uno de ellos y por ende no son dañinos para la salud de la población en esudio. Sin embargo, actividades de desarrollo local como el caso de obras de construcción, estarían causando molestias en la población, debido a la falta de control y regulación ambiental, como lo demostró el estudio de percepciones.
Implementación de APPs: propuesta metodológica para impulsar la salud ambiental
Authors: López Domínguez Delia Marlene , Bonilla Veloz Silvia Elizabeth , Labrada González Elsy , Latorre Barragán María Fernanda
Published: July 2021

La salud ambiental es la relación entre el bienestar físico y psicosocial de personas y comunidades con el conjunto de condiciones físicas, químicas, biológicas, climáticas, socioculturales y económicas que las rodean. Los impactos de la producción agrícola, energética e industrial, así como la deforestación y el uso y manejo del agua y los desechos, se conocen como ambiente social, y han generado grandes y duraderas consecuencias que afectan tanto al ambiente como a los seres vivos. Actualmente una cuarta parte de las muertes globales están relacionadas con la salud ambiental, lo cual significa que es posible mejorar la salud humana al promover los ambientes saludables, en especial frente a los factores de riesgo ambiental modificables, que son aquellos razonablemente susceptibles a gestión o cambio dado el conocimiento y la tecnología actuales, los recursos y la aceptabilidad social. El objetivo de la investigación es incluir la tecnología como impulsora de la salud ambiental, considerando los contextos científico, tecnológico, económico y legal, en la creación de aplicaciones móviles (APPs) que empoderen a los ciudadanos, para que puedan reportar en tiempo real y con datos precisos los eventos y situaciones que afecten su medio ambiente (por aire, agua y tierra) en su comunidad; convirtiéndose además en un modelo metodológico viable para su desarrollo en localidades y ciudades de Latinoamérica y del mundo.
Reintegro al trabajo en la post-pandemia COVID-19: un desafío emergente para la salud ocupacional
Authors: Dávila Morán Roberto Carlos
Published: July 2021

La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 crea nuevos desafíos para la salud ocupacional, al desviar la atención del regreso al trabajo después de problemas de salud para reanudar el trabajo durante un brote, lidiar con el encierro y tener especialmente en cuenta a los trabajadores con vulnerabilidades
Gestión administrativa y satisfacción de los estudiantes, en el programa de educación superior a distancia, en una universidad privada de Lima
Authors: Vásquez Villanueva Lizardo
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de determinar en qué medida la gestión administrativa se correlaciona con la satisfacción, en el estudiante en el Programa de Educación Superior a Distancia (PROESAD), en una universidad privada de Lima, en el contexto de los tipos de investigación: correlacional, transversal, cuyos datos fueron recabados mediante dos encuestas electrónicas, elaboradas de acuerdo con la escala de Likert, aplicadas a una muestra de 227 estudiantes. Los instrumentos usados recibieron la validación de expertos y la prueba estadística alfa de Cronbach. Se precisa que existe una relación fuerte, positiva y altamente significativa entre Satisfacción y Gestión Administrativa (ρ = 0.717**, p < 0.05). En conclusión, a niveles altos de gestión administrativa existirán niveles altos de satisfacción del estudiante con la infraestructura, servicios, condiciones de seguridad, precios y enseñanza.
Exploring Outdoor Play in Kindergartens: A Literature Review of Practice in Modern Greece
Authors: Zafeiroudi Aglaia
Published: July 2021

This study investigated current research on education in Greek kindergartens and the integration of outdoor activities into kindergarten programmes. A literature review was conducted using ERIC, JSTOR, SpringerLink, Education Research Complete, Scopus Google Scholar, and EBSCO-host electronic databases for the years 2017–2021. The review revealed that participation in outdoor play and activities is early childhood remains very low despite the multiple benefits to children of all ages. Multiple barriers to outdoor activities exist, including poor outdoor play facilities and equipment, the negative perceptions of parents and teachers, and a lack of support from the Greek educational system. This study attempts to initiate a discussion about the inclusion of outdoor play in kindergarten curricula as a move towards a more outdoor approach to early childhood education in Greece. A number of changes are proposed to ensure that kindergarten children benefit from their early involvement in activities outside the classroom. Outdoor play in Greek kindergartens could be a continuation of indoor education, supporting children to live healthier physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual lives.
PREDIKSI HASIL PANEN PADI KABUPATEN & KOTA DI PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DENGAN FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM (FIS)
Authors: Kaesmetan Yampi R.
Published: July 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food source for the people of Indonesia. Most of the rice consumed is the result of national rice productivity. Often the government has difficulty in estimating the adequacy of basic food items that can be provided by domestic agriculture. Therefore a method is needed to predict rice yields accurately and precisely. The agricultural sector in East Nusa Tenggara is not a flagship of the community's economic activities. This is due to the geographical conditions of NTT which are less supportive for business activities in the agricultural sector. Even so, the prediction of agricultural products, especially rice yields, is needed to be predicted so that a forecast can be obtained in determining rice yields in 2017.  Fuzzy logic method in this case Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is widely applied for forecasting or prediction. Fuzzy logic has a slowness in predicting crop yields for the following year based on crop yields in the previous year and information taken from the fuzzy information provided. Fuzzyinformation can be made a rule or rule as a consideration in predicting yields. By using the formula of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) or Average Absolute Error, from the Fuzzy Mamdani model The Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with the Mamdani model that has been built can be used to estimate the amount of rice production in the City District in NTT with the truth value reaching 97.8%. To determine the amount of rice production in 2017, the data is processed by using the help of the Matlab 2012 fuzzy toolbox software using the centroid method for defuzzification.
Food forests: Their services and sustainability
Authors: Albrecht Stefanie , Wiek Arnim
Published: July 2021

Industrialized food systems use unsustainable practices leading to climate change, natural resource depletion, economic disparities across the value chain, and detrimental impacts on public health. In contrast, alternative food solutions such as food forests have the potential to provide healthy food, sufficient livelihoods, environmental services, and spaces for recreation, education, and community building. This study compiles evidence from more than 200 food forests worldwide, with detailed insights on 14 exemplary food forests in Europe, North America, and South America, gained through site visits and interviews. We present and illustrate the main services that food forests provide and assess their sustainability. The findings indicate that the majority of food forests perform well on social-cultural and environmental criteria by building capacity, providing food, enhancing biodiversity, and regenerating soil, among others. However, for broader impact, food forests need to go beyond the provision of social-cultural and environmental services and enhance their economic viability. There is a need for specific trainings and other measures targeting this deficit. This study appraises the current state of food forests and provides an orientation for food entrepreneurs, public officials, and activists to better understand food forests’ potential for advancing sustainable food systems.
Exploring differences in communication behaviors between organic and conventional farmers
Authors: Masambuka-Kanchewa Fallys , Rumble Joy , Buck Emily
Published: July 2021

This exploratory qualitative study sought to gain initial insights into how farmers involved in dif­ferent production practices communicate with consumers. A thematic analysis of in-depth inter­views conducted with eight organic and 12 con­ventional farmers in Ohio indicated that organic farmers are proactive in communicating with the public about their production practices, unlike conventional farmers, who focus on improving productivity. Furthermore, the organic farmers reported using different communication channels such as Facebook, flyers, and YouTube when com­municating with consumers, while conventional farmers reported being busy working on their farms and not having time to communicate with consumers. Organic farmers’ involvement in com­munication activities with the public about their production practices and products was reported to stem from their beliefs and values toward sustain­able farming practices and environmental conser­vation. Furthermore, unlike conventional farmers, most organic farmers sold their produce directly to consumers, and as such, used communication as a marketing tool. The active involvement of organic farmers in communicating with consumers may be attributable in part to increased media coverage about the benefits of organic farming practices. On the other hand, limited involvement of conven­tional farmers in communicating with the public may be partially attributable to limited media cov­erage about the benefits of conventional farming. Therefore, to ensure that consumers make in­formed decisions, there is a need to start develop­ing standalone communication organizations and interventions committed to providing unbiased information about the benefits and disadvantages of the different farming practices.
persona humana, relación religada en san Agustín
Authors: Jáñez Barrio Tarsicio
Published: July 2021

Agustín de Hipona nació en el norte de África dotado de una gran sensibilidad y amor al estudio. Enamorado en su juventud de la retórica, la investigó con denuedo para brillar, al término de la misma, ganando la cátedra de Retórica de la Casa Imperial de Milán. La conversión al cristianismo le trastorna la vida y la Gracia divina hace de su esfuerzo un faro de sabiduría; de su sacerdocio y aceptación de la mitra un polemista y un apologeta incansable; de su fe en Cristo y en la Iglesia un gran intérprete de la Biblia, un valiente teólogo y un audaz buscador de Dios. Todo ello en el contexto del colapso del Imperio romano. No por azar, en su voz se ve un antecedente inspirador de la actitud moderna con que el yo se autocomprende y valora su misión en el mundo.

Pero de la misma manera que él bebe y reinterpreta fuentes previas, otros, posteriormente, beberán y reinterpretarán su palabra. Así, después de Kant, la filosofía idealista trató de acostumbrarnos a pensar que el contacto con la realidad, los hechos decisivos de la historia y la construcción del destino personal dependen solo o primero de un Yo (‘sujeto’ o ‘subjetividad’) que explora, sueña, selecciona, planifica, decide e interpreta, a solas, el sentido del mundo. Pensadores como Descartes o Hegel, tratarán de reinterpretar la experiencia cristiana y agustiniana. 

Así las cosas, y dada la vigencia de san Agustín, conviene releer sus escritos para escuchar directamente de su palabra el fundamento de su experiencia, la razón de sus opciones y la articulación de su hermenéutica. Interesa, por ejemplo, ver cómo leyó a Platón y Aristóteles, cómo glosó sus conceptos y qué encontró Agustín que no estaba en el ‘logos’ griego. En este texto nos centramos en el concepto de “substancia” y “persona” en san Agustín, en el marco de su reflexión sobre el misterio trinitario del Dios cristiano, resaltando el influjo que va a tener en la construcción de una antropología que quiere sobrepasar la metafísica griega. Su posición marcará una singular relación con la filosofía y abrirá caminos ricos y exigentes a la teología. Desde aquí, se tocan y reivindican algunas cosas que san Agustín plantea tanto a la teología escolástica como a la filosofía moderna de X. Zubiri.
Eastern Orthodoxy in the processes of the post-communist political transformations
Authors:   Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yelenskyі Viktor
Published: July 2021

It is a sort of truism in the social sciences that since the late 1970s the world has been witnessing the great return of religion into global politics and international relations. Paradigm shift in theorists’ concepts and practitioners’ perception of previously underestimated dimension were tremendously influenced by the chain of events signaled the new role of religion in politics, and among them by the explosive religious revival in countries where the Eastern Orthodoxy was the majority religion which started even well before the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia. Eastern Orthodoxy is the major religious denomination in 12 European countries, all but two of which (Greece and Cyprus) are former communist states. In this perspective , reasoning over Orthodoxy’s destiny is to greater extent reasoning over the post-communist political development as a phenomenon. Article proves that Eastern Orthodoxy provided post-communist states with symbolism and common ideological ground for both leftists and rightists, former communists and former dissenters, and extended a symbolic framework to the so-called Soviet people who lost the sense of belonging and were searching for their new identity. Orthodox Churches that saw itself and were widely perceived as the historic repository of nationhood, national values, and, quite often, as the savior of a nation's very existence, suggested itself as a main actor in the process of new identity building. Orthodoxy became the primary vehicle for the awakening of collective identity for the groups surrounded by or competed with groups of different religions. This trend was very clear in some of the episodes which marked the first postcommunist decade. Conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the northern Caucasus and Transcaucasia were given a strong religious emphasis and religion was rapidly turned into the factor of political and national mobilization. At the same time, the aspiration of the newly independent states to gain the independence of their churches from Moscow and Belgrade has created an additional powerful geopolitical source of tension. While the process of bestowing Autocephaly to the Orthodox Church in Ukraine that met with fierce resistance from the Russian state, showed how far Russia could go to maintain ecclesiastical control over Ukraine. And also, what is the role of Orthodoxy as a symbolic and institutional resource in contemporary political processes. Key words: religion and politics, Eastern Orthodoxy, Post-Communist transformations
COVID-19: The Novel and Lethal Culprit- The Extrapulmonary Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Shah S. Z. A. , Devrajani B. R. , Lashari N. A.
Published: July 2021

During December 2019 at Wuhan the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic emerged and rapidly occupies the entire world, present as pandemic responsible for pulmonary dysfunction like acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia but with time clinicians and researchers have been found some extrapulmonary features of COVID-19 which may reflect either replication or dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection as widespread immunopathological sequelae1. The knowledge regarding extrapulmonary complexities in the hospitalized COVID-19 patients should be addressed to prevent and decrease the coincidental exposure2. The spike protein and ACE2 receptors through S protein and MPRSS2 play role in pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection3. ACE2 receptors are situated in heart, GI epithelium, alveolar II cells, vessels, renal and smooth muscles of entire body responsible for COVID-19 induced injury4,5. SARS-COV-2 actuates T lymphocytes via cytokines: interleukin (IL-1 and 6), GM-CSF, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) known as cytokine storm bringing about tissue injury6.
Ultrasound Measurement of Endometrial Thickness for Detecting Endometrial Malignancy
Authors: Iqbal A. , Murrium S. K S , Yaseen M. , Shakeel K. , Iqbal M. Z
Published: July 2021

Background: Post-menopausal Bleeding is extremely doubtful of existence a mark intended for incidence of EC as well as around 5% to 12% of post-menopausal bleeding consequences commencing endometrial cancer. EC is greatest communal Gynecologic Malignancy into established countries. Thin endometrium (≤4 mm) devours precise high NPV (99%). Thickened Endometrium has been considered by way of sign intended for an offensive assessment. Aim: To determine the ET measurement for detecting endometrial malignancy with uterine bleeding in post-menopausal females. Methods: The search was led according to Systematic Reviews Ethics. Searched databases were: Google scholar and Web Research from January 2014 and November 2020. Around nine studies were designated for this Systemic Review. We mined subsequent facts: Design of study, mean age and range, menopause duration, range and mean, BMI range and mean, as well as ET range and mean. Conclusion: From beyond examination this review concluded that, the Endometrial Thickness among the suggested alteration in cut off 3-5 mm within repetitive ultrasound practice must be ended in elevation threat females identify for malignancy before in Postmenopausal females as well as ultrasound is attested chosen a convenient implement to diagnose. Keywords: Post-menopausal Bleeding, Endometrial Thickness, Endometrial Cancer.
Comparison of High Resolution Computed Tomography Features in Covid-19 and Other Viral Pneumonia-
Authors: Nisar S. , Farooq F. , . Rabia , Anjum M. N. , Fatima M. , Manzoor Z. , Ramzan H. S
Published: July 2021

Aim: To compare the high resolution computed tomography features in Covid and other viral pneumonia presented in recent literature. Methodology: For this study, total 25 studies were included which follow the Preferred Reporting Items guideline for conducting this systematic review analysis (PRISMA). Electronic articles of Covid from January 2020 to April 2020 were searched on PUB Med, online Willey library, and Science Direct site by using keywords related to CT imaging and Corona virus. For pneumonia related studies articles from year 2010 to year 2017 were included for better comparison. Results: After pooling data, it was observed that bilateral involvement was found in 76.8% of studies, 68.4% GGO, and 62.2% ratio was occupied by peripheral distribution in different studies. Total 48.7% of studies were concerned about the ground glass opacity (GGO) consolidation, 33.2% observed consolidation, 27.7% look for crazy paving pattern, and 25% of studies observed mixed central and peripheral distribution. Conclusion: Study concludes that the chest CT finding results of selected studies for Covid and pneumonia cases were overlapping. Only high prevalence related to upper and lower lobe involvement and peripheral distribution was relatively high in Covid studies. Keywords: Computed tomography, pneumonia viral disease, Sars Covid-19
Frequency Of Diastolic Dysfunction In Preeclamptic Women Visiting Obs. & Gynaecology at LUMHS Jamshoro
Authors: Memon H. A. , Parveen F. , Najam H.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To determine the frequency of diastolic dysfunction in preeclamptic women visiting Obstetrics and Gynaecology department at LUMHS Jamshoro. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, during the time period of January 2020 to December 2020. All diagnosed preeclamptic at gestational age of > 24 weeks, primigravida with singleton pregnancy between age 20 to 35 years was included in study. Confidentiality was maintained and preclamptic women were referred for echocardiography. The patient with diagnosed gestational hypertension and known cases of eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, any diagnosed renal and heart diseases, patients above 35 years and patients who are not willing to participate in the study were excluded from this study. Analysis was performed by SPSS version 21. Results: 145 diagnosed preeclamptic pregnant women average age was 26.42±4.14 years. Mostly patients were multiparity in 115(79.31%) cases and belongs to urban areas 76(52.41%) cases. 48(33.10%) were smoker and 35(24.14%) were used tobacco. Frequency of diastolic dysfunction in preeclamptic women was observed in 39.31% (57/145), while in multiparity women 41(28.27%) cases. Diastolic dysfunction was high in rural area 33(22.75%) cases as compare to urban 24(16.55%). It was also high in smoker (p=0.005) as shown in while it was not significant with tobacco users. Rate of diastolic dysfunction in preeclamptic women was high in those women whose family history of disease was observed 37(25.51%) cases. Conclusion: Preeclampsia still contributes to a predominance concerning maternal mortality and morbidity. Study indicates that in preeclamptic women the frequency of diastolic dysfunction is significant. Keywords: Diastolic dysfunction, Preeclampsia, Cardiovascular risk.
Comparison of Radiologic Diagnosis with surgical findings in 900 pts of acute appendicitis at AIMH, Sialkot
Authors: Ahmed S. , Ansar S. , Ansar M. , Latif A. , Ahmad I. , Butt M. Q. , Talat M.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To compare the radiological diagnosis with surgical findings of acute appendicitis Methods: This study included patients presenting with the complaint of pain in the right iliac fossa suggestive of acute appendicitis. The criteria for inclusion; twelve to sixty-five years of age, the existence of pain in the abdomen especially right iliac fossa or lower quadrant. Patients who presented with shock were excluded. Subjects suspected of acute appendicitis were referred for ultrasonography, which was carried out by a senior radiologist. A linear and convex probe was used for ultrasonography. Patients with insignificant findings on ultrasonography were evaluated for pain in the lower right quadrant. Those with ultra-sonographic findings strongly suggestive of acute appendicitis underwent a further evaluation to rule out complications. Results: Our study is based on 900 patients who fulfilled criteria of inclusion, age ranged from 6-55 years (mean 35±6.9 years) male to female ratio (2.22:1), 1036 ultrasonographic scans were done in these patients, 964 urine routine examination. The radiological confirmation of acute appendicitis 723, while clinical diagnosis of 900 patients leading to operative intervention. Laparoscopic appendectomy was done in 288 patients while open surgery in 612 patients. Histopathology of specimen of all the patients were obtained. In sonographic findings, appendix was visualized in 723 (80.33%) patients, uncompressible tubular structure in 723(80.33%), fluid in right iliac region 118(13.11%), mesenteric node enlargement in 103(11.44%), high up subhepatic appendix in 23(2.55%), and mass formation in 24(2.66%) patients. The surgical operative findings in the patients are as: hyperemic swollen appendix 648(72%), Blackened/ gangrenous appendix 84(9.33%), Appendix with pus in surrounding area 57(6.33%), appendix swollen with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes 210(23.33%), Perforated appendix 58(6.44%), Early mass formation 35(3.88%) and Subhepatic appendix 23(2.55%). Conclusion: Ultrasonography being non invasive investigation is advised to diagnosis appendicitis. It has optimal sensitivity and for its diagnosis and suitable diagnostic method for assessing complications of appendicitis. The false negative diagnosis at ultrasonography for acute appendicitis is quantified as 14.44% with accuracy or sensitivity of 85.46%. Keywords: Appendicitis, incompressible, tubular structure, clinical diagnosis.
Isolation of Multi Drug Resistant Escherichia coli from drinking water of Lahore City, Pakistan
Authors: Mir N. , Saleem S. , Imran M. , Ghazal A. , Usman M.
Published: July 2021

Background: The major faecal coliform is Escherichia coli which contaminates the drinking water from human and animal faecal waste. In developing regions drinking water is a vital source of microbiological pathogens. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) is defined as resistance to one or more antibiotic groups. An E. coli count greater than 4/dl in municipal drinking water is indicative of unacceptable fecal contamination. Aim: To find out the frequency of MDR E. coli in water system of Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: Drinking water was collected from different towns of Lahore. The samples were processed using Membrane Filtration Technique. In the present study, Multidrug Resistant E.coli was isolated and antibiotic resistant pattern was seen against 16 most commonly antimicrobials, using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Total 100 water samples were collected, frequency of Escherichia coliisolated was 27% and frequency of MDR E.coli was 19%. The highest resistance showed by the organism towards Ampicillin (AMP) 21(81.48%), Augmentin (AMC), and Ceftazidime (CAZ) 14(51.85%) respectively. In this study also frequency of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases were seen. Most common organisms isolated were E. coli 7% and Klebsiella 5%. Frequency of other coliforms isolated from drinking water other than E. coli was Klebsiella species 26%, Pseudomonas species 27%, Enterobacter 7%, Citrobacter species 8% and Acinetobacter species 5%. Conclusion: This study revealed that drinking water of Lahore city is heavilycontaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. A high proportion of antibiotic resistant is due to overuse of antibiotics, in patients with mild infections and secretion of these resistant bacteria from patients to environment. One of the reasons could be the mixing of sewage lines with drinking water supply. So, there is solely requirement for further studies for the identification of the sources for these contaminants. Keywords: Isolates, E. coli, Klebsiella, Multi-drug resistant (MDR)
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Hemodialysis patients at NIKD
Authors: Amjad A. , Usmani S. , Pasha H. H. , Khan W. A. , Qamar M. A. , Mustafa Z. U , Ather U. , Zulfiqar S. , Habib S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Iron deficiency is a cause of anemia in many hemodialysis patients. It remains under diagnosed in patients with kidney diseas and it leads to inappropriate response to erythropoietin. Early diagnosis of this anemia before usage of erythropoietin is important, to prevent prescription of expensive erythropoietin and unnecessary costs to the patient and the health care system. This study was conducted to determine prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was cross-sectional comparative study and was conducted at National Institute of Kidney Disease. Sheikh Zayed hospital nephrology department after taking permission from concerned department. Informed consent was taken from patients also. We measured serum ferritin, serum iron, Total iron binding capacity, complete blood count, hemoglobin in 140 hemodialysis patients. Serum samples were taken, processed and assessed for ferritin levels using commercially available ELISA kits. P value less than ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 140 hemodialysis patients, 34 had Iron deficiency anemia . (IDA). Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia was observed in 24.2 % of hemodialysis patients
Knowledge and Practice of Health-care Workers regarding Hand Hygiene during Third Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Fatima M.l , Waqar M. , Qamar H. , Akram M. , Zia F. , Hussain R.
Published: July 2021

Background: Iatrogenic and nosocomial infections are a serious threat to a healthcare setting especially during a pandemic. Hand hygiene among the health-care workers stands out to be a pivotal preventive measure. Practical application of hand hygiene measures during third wave of COVID-19 pandemic primarily depend upon the current knowledge among the health care workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study design based on validated WHO questionnaire for hand hygiene among the health care workers was conducted during March till May2021 in the settings of Shalamar and Central Park hospital and medical colleges. Results: The sample consisted of 271 participants with 110 males and 161 females, with the mean age of 24.72+ 4.174 years. The sample consisted of 36.2% of medical students, 49.1% of doctors and 14.8% of paramedical staff. Nearly 50.6% of the individuals claim to receive formal training. 47.6% believe that “Health-care workers’ hands when not clean” are the main route of cross-transmission. Nearly 57.2% believed that the hospital environment (surfaces)the most frequent source of germs. Comparison of hand-rubbing and washing revealed that major percentage believe hand rub to be rapid however less effective causing dryness. A majority believe that hand hygiene before touching the patient, immediately after exposure to body fluids or immediate surroundings of patients prevents transmission of germs to the patient and vice versa afterwards prevents transmission to HCW. Conclusion: A large proportion of the sample has considerable knowledge regarding essential hand hygiene in a health care setting. However more frequent training sessions should be conducted to improve it further. Key words: Hand hygiene, Health-care workers, Knowledge
Assessment and comparative analysis of glycemic and satiety indices of locally available biscuits
Authors: Liaqat B. , Shahzadi K. , Abbas M. T. , Faisal A. R. , Farooq H. U.
Published: July 2021

Background: Glycemic index is a relative ranking that tells how fast or slow carbohydrates alter your blood sugar level, While Satiety index is a ranking that describe the feeling of fullness after eating specific food. Aim: To determine GI & SI of different biscuits (chocolate chip, chocolato and candy). Methods: The GI and SI of 25 people were tested by giving them 3 types of different local biscuits. Their blood glucose level was monitored for 3 hours. Same way their Satiety level was observed for 3 hours. For satiety level, 5 people were given white bread as standard value. Results: Results showed that glycemic indices are 116.34±3.164, 108.93±3.874 and 110.99±7.18 of candy biscuit, chocolato biscuit and chocolate chip biscuit respectively. While their satiety indices are 52.66±6.38, 42.89±3.23 and 47.45±3.29 of candy biscuit, chocolato biscuit and chocolate chip biscuit respectively. Conclusion: From experiments it is concluded that Glycemic indices of biscuits are 110.99±7.18, 108.93±3.874 and 116.34±3.164 of chocolate chip, chocolato and candy biscuit respectively. Keywords: Glycemic indices, satiety indices, chocolate chip, candy
Leading the charge? Payments for single use carrier bags in Wales
Authors: Frater Lori , Lee Robert G
Published: July 2021

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Public interest and the three dimensions of judicial review
Authors: Anthony Gordon
Published: July 2021

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Carbon sequestration and the limits of regulation: a UK perspective
Authors: Stallworthy Mark
Published: July 2021

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On ‘ring-fencing’ the Common Foreign and Security Policy in the legal order of the European Union
Authors: Cardwell Paul James
Published: July 2021

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The remedial response to bribes and secret commissions in a fiduciary relationship
Authors: Devonshire Peter
Published: July 2021

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The effect of mental illness under us criminal law
Authors: Robinson Paul H
Published: July 2021

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The making of the Court’s homosexual: a queer reading of the European Court of Human Rights’ case law on same-sex sexuality
Authors: Gonzalez-Salzberg Damian A
Published: July 2021

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Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among expatriate residents in the UAE
Authors: Baburajan Panthayil K
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated people and countries around the world. It has affected every aspect of human life. Despite the discovery of vaccines and widespread immunization drive which is a minor consolation, the consequences of it are likely to prevail for extended periods of time. This study explored the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). An online survey was carried out among a sample of 78 expatriate residents. While most of the respondents recognized and highly valued the measures taken by the UAE government to support and deal with the pandemic, intense stress and uncertainty was reported. It was found that the Asian community was more anxious concerning the negative consequences of the pandemic than Arab or W stern residents. The worry among older people was also found to be more intense. Anxiety over health consequences, fear of job loss, and constraints for international travels were the most overwhelming concerns. The difficulties that the coronavirus has presented continue to devastate the psychological wellbeing of individuals even where an adequate governmental system for prevention and controlling the pandemic is in place.
NILAI-NILAI KITAB TA’LIMUL MUTA’ALIM DALAM PESANTREN MELALUI DAKWAH FARDIYAH
Authors: Muliawan Dadang , Abdul Kustiana Ade
Published: July 2021

Dakwah Fardiyah merupakan salah satu metode yang baik dalam tercapainya pesan seorang da’i kepada mad’u. dan salah satu pesan yang di berikan adalah Nilai-nilai dari kitab Ta’limul Muta’alim karangan Syekh az-Zarnuji, kitab ini adalah kajian penting di setiap pesantren, Kitab ini menjadi suatu pedoman bagi para santri dalam meraih keberhasilan dalam mencari ilmunya, namun tidak semudah itu dalam memahami nilai-nilai yang terdapat pada kitab ini perlu adanya suatu metode dalam penyampaian nilai-nilai yang ada pada Kitab Ta’limul Muta’alim ini, salah satu dari metode penyamnpaian nilai ini  dengan dakwah fardiyah. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengkaji metode-metode dalam penyampaian nilai-nilai kitab ta’limul muta’alim yang dilakukan di Pesantren Sirnarasa. Upaya dari peneitian ini ditujukan Pertama, untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai yang ada pada kitab ta’limul muta’alim, Kedua, untuk mengetahui implementasi dari nilai-nilai kitab ta’limul muta’alim melalui dakwah fardiyah.Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut maka menggunakan metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, sumber data dari Kitab Ta’limul Muta’alim dan dikuatkan dengan wawancara bersama Mudaris Pesantren Sirnarasa.Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis interaktif yakni Proses bergulir dan peninjauan kembali selama proses penelitian sesuai dengan fenomena dan strategi penelitian yang dipilih peneliti memberi warna analisis data yang dilakukan, namun tidak akan terlepas dari kerangka pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian (display) data, dan kesimpulan/verifikasi, temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dakwah fardiyah menjadi metode yang tepat dalam menanamkan pemahaman nilai-nilai yang ada pada kitab Ta’limul Muta’alim, karena Dakwah fardiyah terletak pada fokus perhatian yang lebih terhadap mad’u dan kesempatan memberi pengaruh lebih besar, sehingga menjadi besar pula tingkat keberhasilan mengajak orang ke jalan dakwah. Hasil dari Penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut Nilai-nilai yang terdapat pada kitab Ta’limiul Muta’alim yakni Nilai Ta’dziman Watakriman, Nilai Semangat Juang, dan Menjauhi Sifat Malas. Implementasi dari nilai-nilai diatas adalah 1. Nilai ta’dziman watakriman dalam dakwah fardiyahnya menggunakan cara Hikmah, Mauizhah Hasanah, Mujadalah bi al-lati hiya ahsan, 2. Nilai Semangat Juang dakwah fardiyahnya dengan cara Uswah Hasanah dan Ta’aruf. 3. Nilai Menjauhi Sifat malas Dakwah fardiyahnya menggunakan cara : Tilawah, Tausiyah, Mauizhah Hasanah.