bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
pengaruh pergaulan bebas terhadap perilaku remaja
Authors: watuwetan Bernadetha serafina yunita
Published: October 2023

Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi yang kritis sebagai kunci berkembangnya pengalaman baru yaitu usia 10-19. (Sumiati, 2017). Menurut Kartono (1992:34), menjelaskan bahwa: “pergaulan bebas merupakan gejala patalogis social pada remaja yang disebabkan oleh satu bentuk pengabaian sosial, akibatnya menyababkan perilaku yang menyimpang”. Dampak dari pergaulan bebas akan menimbulkan perilaku – perilaku negatif, yang antara lain meminum - minuman keras, mengkomsumsi obat terlarang, sex bebas, dan lain-lain yang dapat menyebabkan terjangkitnya penyakit HIV/AIDS. Mengapa ada pengaruh antara faktor pergaulan dengan pergaulan bebas pada remaja yaitu karena pergaulan mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup besar dalam pembentukan kepribadian remaja. Pergaulan yang dilakukannya akan mencerminkan kepribadiannya, baik pergaulan yang positif maupun pergaulan yang negatif.adanya pengaruh antara faktor teknologi/media massa dengan pergaulan bebas pada remaja yaitu karena pesatnya perkembangan teknologi/media massa merupakan penyebab pergaulan bebas yang memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar. Pengaruh media massa contonya handphone dan internet sering kali di salahgunakan oleh kaum remaja dalam perilaku sehari-hari. Remaja akan cenderung mencoba dan meniru apa yang ditontonya. Kesimpulannya adalah Bentuk pencegahan atau solusi atas pergaulan bebas yang ada adalah penanaman nilai-nilai agama, moral dan etika yang berawal dari lingkungan keluarga, sekolah, masyarakat sampai pada negara, memberi hukuman terhadap pelanggaran yang dilakukan dengan sebaik-baiknya hukuman dan mengadakan kegiatan keagamaan agar remaja dapat disibukkan dengan kebaikan.
Stability of green default adherence in a costly moment of change
Authors: Bregulla Daniel , Zwicker Maria Victoria , Berger Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Green energy defaults in tariff choices have received substantial research and practical attention. In this longitudinal field study, we examine their effectiveness in a potential moment of change that can disrupt routine decision-making. Exploiting a merger in the Swiss energy landscape, we test how a novel branding and a price change affect people’s adherence to a green energy default. Our central result – based on 143,313 meters (data 2019-2022) – is that defaults are very stable. Of those 120,150 with strict default adherence 2019-2021, 99.4% also stick with the green energy default after the merger. The minority who change largely move to cheaper, more conventional energy tariffs. The findings provide a novel perspective on energy tariff defaults and offer more evidence for their effectiveness. Our results indicate that while percentage-wise large, objectively moderate price changes do not meaningfully impact the effectiveness of defaults.
Toleransi Antar Suku dan Budaya
Authors: Wiyono Patricia Regita
Published: October 2023

Toleransi merupakan sikap menghargai perbedaan suku, ras, agama, maupun budaya. Sikap toleransi sangat dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan, karena Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan. Hal ini berarti Indonesia terdiri dari banyak pulau dan hal tersebut menjadikan negara Indonesia memilik berbagai suku, budaya, dan adat masing-masing. Dengan ini, perlu adanya toleransi di Indonesia agar Indonesia tetap bersatu dan tidak terpecah belah. Manfaat dari toleransi yaitu menjaga keharmonisan masyarakat. Sikap toleransi dapat menjaga hubungan masyarakat agar tetap harmonis di tengah perbedaan, mencegah terjadinya perpecahan akibat banyaknya perbedaan, menyatukan perbedaan, dan meningkatkan perdamaian. Terjadinya perpecahan yang dapat merugikan masing-masing individu dalam melakukan aktivitas sosialnya. Toleransi diciptakan untuk saling melengkapi dan menyatukan perbedaan karena perbedaan berpotensi menyebabkan konflik.
GCCX : Hakone trip (Supplement III:35-12)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: October 2023

"Hot Springs Game Travelogue" (Supp. the history of computer science and tech.)
ancaman intoleransi terhadap dasar negara pancasila dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan ideologi wilayah
Authors: nisa delia faridatun
Published: October 2023

pancasila merupakan bangsa indonesia. penerapan nilai-nilai pancasila perlu dilakukan oleh setiap warga negara indonesia agar tercipta warga negara yang baik serta mampu mengimplementasikannilai pancasila di kehidupan sehari-hari seperti toleransi umat beragama sehingga akan meningkatkan ketahanan nasonal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui sejauh mana ancaman intoleransi terhadap dasar negara pancasila dan implikasinya kepada ketahanan ideologi wilayah.
Managing Diversity
Authors: nabila Salsa
Published: October 2023

Materi managing diversity
Managing Diversity
Authors: Fitria Tegar
Published: October 2023

Diversity (Keberagaman) adalah keseluruhan dari perbedaan yang kemudian membuat Individu tersebut menampilkan dirinya, dan secara kolektif kemampuan yang mereka miliki bisa untuk di kontribusikan terhadap pencapaian organisasiManaging Diversity (Mengelola keberagaman) adalah pilihan dan komitmen yangdilakukan secara sudar untuk bisa menilai terhadap perbedaan perbedaan ini dimana organisasi menggunakan keberagaman ini sebagai sumber kekuatan untuk mencapai tujuan
Sikap para remaja dalam pencegahan hiv/aids di indonesia
Authors: Rahma Dina Alya
Published: October 2023

Sebagai seorang remaja, kita punya kewajiban untuk membantu menurunkanjumlah penderita HIV/AIDS demi terciptanya masyarakat yang sehat. Peranremaja di antaranya adalah mencari informasi tentang HIV/AIDS danmenginformasikannya pada teman lain, memberikan dukungan moral padapenderita HIV/AIDS untuk berobat, tidak melakukan tindakan anarkis ataumenjauhi penderita HIV/AIDS.
MENGATASI INTOLERANSI DALAM MASYARAKAT
Authors: Youngky
Published: October 2023

bahwa intoleransi adalah sebuah paham atau pandangan yang mengabaikan seluruh nilai-nilai dalam toleransi yaitu perasaan empati kepada orang atau kelompok lain yang berasal dari kelompok, golongan, atau latar belakang yang berbeda. Ada berbagai faktor pemicu terjadi intoleransi di masyarakat salah satunya adalah perbedaan dalam memahami ajaran secara tekstual. Yang Kedua, aksi pemaksaan hak asasi yang dilakukan oleh kaum mayoritas kepada pihak minoritas. Yang Ketiga, perbedaan adat istiadat. Berdasarkan faktor pemicu nya maka intoleransi akan memberikan beragam tindakan-tindakan negatif mulai dari penyebaran pesan intoleran, isu berbau rasisme, hingga ujaran kebencian kian berkembang pesat di sekitaran masyarakat. Akibatnya, konflik internal pun muncul yang akan memicu terjadinya pergesekan antara kelompok mayoritas kepada minoritas. Sikap paling benar dan main hakim sendiri kian hari berujung pada tindakan kekerasan. Maka dari itu kita sebagai warga negara Indonesia yang kaya akan agama perlu melakukan cara agar terhindar dari sikap intoleransi. Ada beberapa cara, yaitu tidak memaksakan kehendak diri sendiri kepada orang lain, tidak mementingkan suku bangsa sendiri atau menganggap suku bangsanya lebih baik, tidak menonjolkan suku, agama, ras, golongan, maupun budaya tertentu, tidak menempuh tindakan yang melanggar norma untuk mencapai tujuan sendiri. Dengan kita menerapkan cara-cara diatas untuk menghindari sikap intoleransi, maka kehidupan di masyarakat akan aman dan sejahtera
MENANAMKAN NILAI TOLERANSI
Authors: Mutik Lailatul Awalia
Published: October 2023

Providing character education to young children is a very crucial foundation to instill in these young individuals. Educational institutions, especially teachers, have a very significant role in introducing this concept. One of the character values that we want to instill in children is tolerance. The initial approach in instilling the value of tolerance in children aims to help them develop a sense of appreciation for diversity. This research aims to explain the important role of teachers in forming the value of tolerance in young children in Indonesia. This study uses the literature method by collecting various scientific sources. The research results show that the role of teachers in instilling the value of tolerance in children includes designing a curriculum that includes the value of tolerance, having optimal and balanced competencies, and having a strong commitment to providing examples to children of character values, including tolerance. Teachers can also form tolerance values through various learning methods, such as giving examples, giving directions, training, telling stories, playing, and using media.
Managing diversity
Authors: Ismaya
Published: October 2023

pengantar manajemen "diversity managing"
Imagined Intergroup Contact Promotes Prosocial Behavioral Intentions through Intergroup Anxiety in the United Kingdom and Malaysia
Authors: Ma'rof Aini Azeqa
Published: October 2023

This research study investigates the mediating influence ofintergroup anxiety in the linkage between imagined contact andprosocial behavioral intentions. Authors extend the existingliterature on imagined contact by incorporating behavioral scriptsand a visual perspective as part of the intervention. To furtherenhance the generalizability of the findings, the study wasconducted in two distinct phases, encompassing diverse targetgroups of 147 British and 251 Malay students enrolled inuniversities in the United Kingdom and Malaysia, respectively. Inthe first experiment, the results revealed a significant main effectof condition, indicating high levels of altruistic intention afterparticipants imagined contact (M = 3.82, SD = 0.32), in contrast tothe control condition (M = 3.00, SD = 0.32). Additionally, theanalysis demonstrated significantly reduced levels of intergroupanxiety (M = 2.06, SD = 0.35) and egoistic intention (M = 1.97, SD= 0.31). The findings also highlighted the mediating role ofintergroup anxiety in the relationship between imagining positivecontact and all three prosocial behavioral intentions: altruisticintention (β = 0.04, p < .001), egoistic intention (β = -0.02, p <.001), and willingness to donate (β = 0.19, p < .001). In the secondexperiment, the results were consistent with those obtained in thefirst experiment. These findings suggest that techniques involvinga third-person perspective and the integration of intended behaviorin imagery tasks not only enhance positive behavioral outcomesbut also mitigate prejudice effectively.
Tugas Makalah"Pengaruh Teknologi Pada Aspek Kehidupan Sosial Budaya"
Authors: TILLA MARDA
Published: October 2023

Para sosiolog dan antropolog mempunyai pendapat yang berbeda mengenaiperubahan sosial diantaranya Soerjono Soekanto,mendefinisikan perubahan sosialadalah segala perubahan yang terjadi dalam lembaga kemasyaratan dalam suatumasyarakat, yang mempengaruhi sistem sosialnya. Perubahan tidak dibatasi olehbidang kebendaan atau bidang spiritual karena keduanya memiliki hubungantimbal balik yang kuat.
Penguatan Pedidikan Pancasila Dalam Pencegahan Sikap Intoleransi Pada Siswa
Authors: sofyan abdillah
Published: October 2023

Beberapa tahun terakhir muncul beberapa studi yang menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan tingkat toleransi di Indonesia. Salah satu diantara sikap yang mengarah kepada nilai intoleransi yaitu munculnya gerakan radikalisme, berita bohong (hoax), persekusi. Bahkan ditingkat pelajar Sekolah Menengah Atas, nilai intoleransi muncul dalam bentuk bullying, pembedaan berdasarkan agama, suku dan lainnya. Ini mengindikasikan adanya kesenjangan dalam penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila, yang berdampak pada sikap intoleran di kalangan pelajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pencegahan sikap intoleransi melalui penguatan pendidikan Pancasila serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam penguatan pendidikan Pancasila. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa informasi tertulis atau lisan dari informan dan perilaku yang dapat diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pencegahan sikap intoleransi dikalangan siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas dilakukan melalui pendalaman Kurikulum 13 dan pendekatan budaya literasi. Adapaun faktor pedukung diantaranya: kebijakan pemerintah yang memberikan aturan tentang adanya penanaman nilai-nilai toleransi beragama, kerjasama antar warga sekolah dalam kegiatan keagamaan. Faktor penghambatnya yaitu: latar belakang keluarga, lingkungan masyarakat, tingkat kemampuan, kematangan emosional siswa yang tidak sama, pengaruh media sosial, dan hubungan pertemanan.
RCPL preprint: An externally validated resting-state brain connectivity signature of pain-related learning
Authors: Kincses Balint , Forkmann Katarina , Schlitt Frederik , Pawlik Robert , Schmidt Katharina , Timmann Dagmar , Elsenbruch Sigrid , Wiech Katja , Bingel Ulrike , Spisak Tamas
Published: October 2023

Pain can be conceptualized as a precision signal for reinforcement learning in the brain and alterations in these processes are a hallmark of chronic pain conditions. Investigating individual differences in pain-related learning therefore holds significant clinical and translational relevance.Here, we developed and externally validated a novel resting-state brain connectivity-based predictive model of pain-related learning. The pre-registered external validation indicated that the proposed model is specific for pain, and explains 8-12% of the inter-individual variance in pain-related learning performance. Model redictions are driven by connections of the amygdala, posterior insula, sensorimotor, frontoparietal and cerebellar regions, outlining a network commonlydescribed in aversive learning and pain. We propose the resulting model as a robust and highly accessible biomarker candidate for clinical and translational pain research, with promising implications for personalized treatment approaches and with a high potential to advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of pain-related learning.
Manajemen Perusahaan (Abdul Lathif)
Authors: Lathif Abdul
Published: October 2023

Untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Manajemen Perusahaan
Weapon Technology and Civilian Targeting in Conventional War: Evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Koch Julius Valentin , Schaub Max
Published: October 2023

Why do armed forces target civilians during war? Extant theory generally interprets civilian targeting as motivated by an urge to dissuade collaboration with enemy forces. We expand on this idea by arguing that weapon technology is relevant to understanding why and where civilians are targeted. We presuppose that the danger for armed forces is highest when they are within the range of enemy fire. Civilian collaboration then poses a critical threat to combatants, not least because modern means of communication make it possible for civilians to transmit precise targeting information in real-time. An awareness of this risk, we argue, can lead armed actors to employ higher levels of violence against civilians when within the range of fire. We demonstrate our theory with geospatial data from the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine. Our data comprises geospatial information at the 10x10km grid level for the first year of the conflict, including on the location of the front line on a weekly basis. We show that areas occupied by Russia that were in range of Ukrainian cannon artillery systems saw 7 times higher levels of civilian targeting. This effect holds up to a variety of measurement strategies, including a treat-control design (comparing areas narrowly within and narrowly beyond artillery range) and panel analyses using fixed effects and difference-in-difference estimation (exploiting the movement of the front line over time). The relationship is especially strong before the introduction of long-range rocket artillery and in areas with comprehensive mobile network coverage. We supplement our quantitative analyses with qualitative information on civilian collaboration and civilian targeting during the conflict. Our findings are of both theoretical and practical importance, enabling us to make better predictions about where and why one might expect civilians to be particularly vulnerable to victimization at the hands of armed actors.
The ‘hidden story’ in simulating reflected radiance by wind-roughened sea surface: Mobley’s 1999 paper on simulation of Rrs measurements via the above-surface approach
Authors: Lee Zhongping , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: October 2023

Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs, in sr-1) is defined as the ratio of water-leaving radiance (Lw) to downwelling irradiance just above the water surface (Es). To measure Rrs, the above-water approach (AWA) is a widely adopted scheme in the past decades. In addition to the measurement of Es, AWA also involves measurements of upwelling radiance above the surface (Lt) and downwelling sky radiance (Lsky), with the latter component utilized for the removal of surface-reflected skylight (Lsky) or sky glint (Lsrs), as Lt always contains both Lw and Lsrs. In this classical paper (Applied Optics, 1999, Vol. 38, pp. 7442-7455), Mobley applied the widely-used Hydrolight to simulate Lt, Lw, and Lsky for various Sun-sensor geometries, wind speeds, and cloud cover. With Monte Carlo simulations, Mobley also showed that a roughened sea surface would reflect incident Lsky into a sensor’s field-of-view (FOV) from an area much wider than that constrained by the FOV, which greatly helped understanding the difficulties in obtaining accurate Rrs in field measurements via AWA. Based on the simulations, Mobley concluded that “until an improved method of estimating Rrs becomes available and accepted, the following suggestions can be made for using the traditional method based on Eq. (6).” This “Eq. (6)” is Eq. 4 below, and the suggestions include 1) an overall value of 0.028 for the surface reflectance (ρ) for a wind speed less than 5 m/s, and 2) an optimal viewing geometry of 40o/135o, with 40o for senor’s nadir viewing angle and 135o for sensor’s azimuth angle from the Sun. This paper has greatly impacted ocean color sciences, as these recommendations have been followed globally in the past two decades and today. However, there are a few ‘hidden stories’ in these simulations that were not disclosed or well discussed, and these hidden features put the suggestions in question.
Autistic pupils’ experiences in primary and post-primary schools: A scoping review and consultation with autistic pupils in Ireland
Authors: Lynam Aoife , Sweeney Mary Rose , Keenan Lisa , McNally Sinead
Published: October 2023

Autistic pupils have the right to be heard in matters concerning their education and to be active agents in shaping their school experiences. Despite this, educational policies and research have rarely included the voices of autistic children, failing to identify what they consider to be beneficial and meaningful in their own education. This study presents findings from a scoping review of the research literature on the school experiences of autistic pupils (aged 4–18 years). The study aimed to summarise findings from the perspective of children themselves and to identify gaps for future research through consultation with autistic pupils in Ireland. Thirty-six studies were included in the review and six themes were identified: experiences of feeling misunderstood, of bullying and masking, of feeling excluded, of anxiety, of sensory needs in school, and of feelings being overwhelmed during transitions. Consultation with a Child and Youth Advisory Group (CYAG) highlighted that the six themes were consistent with autistic pupils’ experiences but that reports of positive experiences were missing in the literature. The review also highlighted an important gap in literature on the primary school experiences of autistic pupils and the need to collaborate with autistic students themselves in matters concerning their education.
Impacts of Physical Living Environment on Spatial Learning
Authors: Xia Hongmei , Chen Rongrong
Published: October 2023

The physical environment we inhabit is believed to influence our spatial learning, which involves acquiring and using information about the spatial relationship between objects or landmarks in an environment for navigation. However, the timing and way in which the environment affects spatial learning remain unclear. To address this issue, we recruited school-aged children from both rural and urban areas and studied the developmental patterns of their spatial perception and navigation abilities. We assessed spatial perception ability using the Water-level task, which required participants to judge the water-level orientation of a tilted bottle. Navigation ability was assessed using accuracy and efficiency to locate a target in a radial-arm maze. Our results showed that rural children aged 5-7 exhibited superior spatial perception and egocentric navigation ability compared to their urban counterparts. Meanwhile, rural children aged 8-12 showed stronger allocentric wayfinding abilities than their urban counterparts. Additionally, we found a tight association between spatial perception and navigation performance only in urban children, but not in rural children. Taken together, our findings reveal that rural environments foster the development of egocentric representation ability in early childhood and allocentric representation ability in middle childhood. The contrast in perception-navigation association patterns between rural and urban children suggests that they may have different spatial learning processes.This research suggests that the physical characteristics of the living environment play significant roles in shaping children’s spatial learning processes. Urban planners may consider designing environments that promote diverse spatial learning strategies, taking into account the importance of both egocentric and allocentric representation abilities.
Integrating Social Cognition into Domain-General Control: Interactive activation and competition for the CONtrol of action (ICON)
Authors: Ward Robert , Ramsey Richard
Published: October 2023

Social cognition differs from general cognition in its focus on understanding, perceiving, and interpreting social information. However, we argue that the significance of domain-general processes for controlling cognition have been historically undervalued in social neuroscience and social cognition research. We suggest much of social cognition can be characterised as specialized feature representations supported by domain-general cognitive control systems. To test this proposal, we develop a comprehensive working model, based on an interactive activation and competition architecture and applied to the control of action. As such, we label the model “ICON” (the Interactive, activation and competition model for the CONtrol of action). We used the ICON model to simulate human performance across various laboratory tasks. Our simulations emphasize that many laboratory-based social tasks do not require socially-specific control systems, such as those that are argued to rely on theory-of-mind networks. Moreover, our model clarifies that perceived disruptions in social cognition, even in what appears to be disruption to the control of social cognition, can stem from deficits in social representation instead. We advocate for a "default stance" in social cognition, where control is usually general, but representation is specific. This study underscores the importance of integrating social cognition within the broader realm of domain-general control processing, offering a unified perspective on task processing.
50 Years of Anchoring: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Study of Anchoring Effects
Authors: Schley Dan , Weingarten Evan
Published: October 2023

One of the most robust phenomena studied across the social behavioral sciences is numeric anchoring, in which a comparison against a presumed-to-be arbitrary number preceding a judgment can influence a myriad of real-world relevant judgments. The authors meta-analyze this expansive literature containing 2,603 total effect sizes (1,283 comparing high anchors against low anchors), finding a large (d = 0.824, 95% CI[0.765, 0.883], I2 = 93.64%) effect with only a small reduction from publication-bias corrections. Evidence suggests reduced (or null) effects associated with incidental anchoring (i.e., numeric priming), anchors from different dimensions or from random numbers, the presence of incentives or debiasing interventions, and knowledge. The authors supplement the meta-analysis with a pre-registered meta-study (N = 1,968) comparing high against low anchors and find similar moderation by anchors from different dimensions, extremity, cognitive load, knowledge, and debiasing but not presence of incentives. The authors provide a comprehensive review of both the empirical and theoretical landscape, and offer recommendations for consolidating the literature, improving theory testing, future development of theory and methods related to anchoring, and guidance for managers attempting to use anchoring effects in strategic and policy decisions.
Smithfield Trial Transcript Analysis
Authors: Faunalytics  , Rowles Fiona
Published: October 2023

The Smithfield Trial refers to the prosecution of two animal advocates who were charged with felony theft and burglary after they removed two piglets from a Smithfield Foods facility in Utah. The defendants were acquitted (i.e., found not guilty) by a jury on both counts. This trial may interest animal advocates because it provides potential guidance for future trials and investigations. Additionally, this analysis provides insight as to which pro-animal arguments are more persuasive more generally. In this study, we analyzed themes from interviews with five Smithfield Trial jury members (referred to below as “participants”) in order to determine which arguments jurors found most convincing and what lessons animal advocates can learn from this case. All results are drawn from the juror interviews as we did not examine trial testimony, evidence, or statements.
Facial Indicators of Extraversion and Neuroticism: A Computational Approach
Authors: Mullick Raju , Pramanik Suchitra , Parnaik Priyadarshi , Bhattacharya Sourangshu
Published: October 2023

Measures of behavioural expressions to examine personality traits (like extraversion, neuroticism and agreeableness) of an encoder in face-to-face interaction are limited in social sciences research; subjective measures are available in psychometric literature in abundance, though. Efforts have been made in the field of artificial intelligence to detect facial expressions (a state marker of personality) of emotion of an encoder during dyadic interaction. Bio-algorithms have been developed accordingly to automate the decoding ability of the perceiver. Although detection of facial expressions is possible today, it has been found that emotion identification including transitory emotion expressions is also possible using machine learning or deep learning paradigms. Although in recent literature a number of works have been done on big 5 personality traits and facial attributes, a majority of them use static images. Moreover, the focus is more on automatic training using pixel properties. Work that focusses on identification of facial regions of activates or emphasized the movement of action units (AUs) are hardly available. However, such a method, especially using two-dimensional images, has significant implication in terms of behavioural sciences, since feature changes and their implications can be identified and correlated with other behavioural findings. Based on this gap area the present study attempts to develop algorithms to analyse the characteristics of eight facial regions from facial landmarks using unsupervised learning in order to identify patterns of activities for extraversion and neuroticism. An exploratory analysis of the patterns for the above traits using a database of IIT students suggested distinctive patterns for neuroticism and extraversion. Future research would explore the other traits of big 5 personality and attempt prediction on the basis of findings.
Machine Learning to Detect Schedules Using Spatiotemporal Data of Behavior: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Lanovaz Marc J , Leon Alejandro , Eslava Varsovia Hernandez
Published: October 2023

Traditionally, the experimental analysis of behavior has relied on the single discrete response paradigm (e.g., key pecks, lever presses, screen clicks) to identify behavioral patterns. However, the development and availability of new technology allow researchers to move beyond this paradigm and use other features to detect schedules. To this end, our study used spatiotemporal data to compare the accuracy of four machine learning algorithms (i.e., logistic regression, support vector classifiers, random forests, and artificial neural networks) in detecting the presence and the components of time-based schedules in 12 rats involved in a behavioral experiment. Using spatiotemporal data, the algorithms accurately identified the presence or absence of programmed schedules and correctly differentiated between fixed- and variable-space schedules. That said, our analyses failed to identify an algorithm to discriminate fixed-time from variable-time schedules. Furthermore, none of the algorithms performed systematically better than the others. Our findings provide preliminary support for the utility of using spatiotemporal data with machine learning to detect stimulus schedules.
Strategies of Content Knowledge Representation and EFL Learners‘ English Writing Proficiency: Mediating Role of Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Xiaolei Shen , Ismail Lilliati , Yurong Hu , Mengqi Wei
Published: October 2023

The exploration of optimizing content knowledge representation and enhancing critical thinking capabilities in English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ writing still needs to be improved. Cultivating adept critical thinking skills and effective content knowledge representation is paramount for EFL learners, given its correlation with heightened writing proficiency. This study sought to examine critical thinking skills as a mediator in the correlation between strategies of content knowledge representation and writing proficiency among EFL learners. A total of 360 English as foreign language participants engaged in the California Critical Thinking Skills Test and responded to a questionnaire on strategies of content knowledge representation conducted at Kaifeng Science Technology and Communication College, China. Subsequently, participants undertook a writing task, and the outcomes underwent analysis using SPSS 26.0, incorporating descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, and AMOS 24.0 for mediating analysis. The findings unveiled a correlation between critical thinking skills and EFL learners’ writing proficiency, echoing the association observed between content knowledge representation strategies and writing proficiency. Furthermore, critical thinking skills were identified as a mediator, linking content knowledge representation strategies to writing proficiency among EFL learners. The combination of content knowledge representation and critical thinking skills emerged as a positive role in the writing process. This research underscored the paramount significance of critical thinking skills within a specialized discipline, highlighting their transformative potential for EFL learners’ writing competency and accentuating their functions in the broader writing pedagogy.
The Relationship between Reading Attitude and Student Grade Point Average
Authors: Hasan Mousa O. M.
Published: October 2023

Reading is crucial for individuals to achieve optimal functioning, as it facilitates the development of cognitive processes such as critical thinking and decision-making, which foster the ability to conceptualize and solve problems. This research study is significant to conduct because there is a dier need for a scholarly inquiry more focused on establishing the relationship between students’ attitudes toward reading and their academic performance while considering the influence of study skills across all levels of education. The main aim of the study was to examin the relation between the reading attitudes of students and their academic acheivment by gainning higher grades in the class. Thus, the main research question the study was; What is the relationship between reading attitude and students’ grade point average? The main research tool used in thse study was quantitative research method. The study was conducted in King Saud University for Health and Sciences (KSUHS) in Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Sample size of the study was 146 students enrolled in first-year at KSUHS. The Pearson correlation value of E1, E2, E3, G1, E10, E13, E16, E21, G25, E1, E2, E22, E12, E7, E8, E14 lie between +1 and -1 which showed that variables have a significant relationship with each other. The hypothesis test values were (t=4.797, p<.01) which supported the hypothesis that a positive reading attitude contributes to higher grade point averages in the classroom due to which H1 was accepted. Correlation among the variables showed that grade point average is significantly correlated with Reading attitudes toward the English language.
The Impact of Using Memsource Termbase System on Developing Terminological Competence for Saudi Freelance Technical Translators
Authors: Alqahtani Asrar Safar
Published: October 2023

The current qualitative study aimed at assessing the impact of using the Memsource termbase system on developing terminological competence for 10 Saudi freelance technical translators registered in the Saudi freelance platform Bahr and the two social media websites Twitter and Telegram. As Arabic specialized translations often contain inconsistent and inaccurate use of terminology, this study focused on developing terminological competence using the terminology tool. To assess the impact of the terminology tool on the participants’ terminological competence, the participants in this study were divided into two groups: one group was assisted with the terminology tool—referred to as tool-assisted—and the other was not—referred to as non-tool-assisted—. Both groups completed a translation task and an open-ended questionnaire. As developing terminological competence assists in dealing with terms effectively, the terminology tool used by the participants in this study allowed the participants to create their termbases before translating the assigned technical text. These termbases were then incorporated into the tool, and when the participants started translating the text, the tool suggested the previously translated terms. To analyze the obtained data, descriptive content analysis and thematic analysis were used: the former was used to analyze the translations, and the latter was used to analyze the questionnaires’ responses. The study concluded that the terminology tool assisted in developing the tool-assisted participants’ terminological competence regarding identifying terms, creating term bases, and managing terminology during the translation process.
Student Engagement in Virtual Learning: The Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Farikah  , Mulyani Mimi , Astuty  , Mazid Sukron
Published: October 2023

The exploratory case study explored how the lecturers motivate the students to engage in team-based online learning and how technologies in e-learning and remote classrooms motivate student engagement. Engagement is a multidimensional construct that includes behaviour, emotions, and cognition, essential in learning outcomes. Involving 101 undergraduate students, questionnaires and virtual interviews were conducted with the participants to elicit their perceptions and experiences concerning student engagement. Following the Self-Determination Theory framework of Deci and Ryan (1985), this study proved that students’ engagement in the team-based online learning model is based on three perspectives: competence, sense of belonging, and autonomy. The theory highlights the importance of motivation and fulfilment of three basic human needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires focusing on the perceptions and experiences of undergraduate students who had participated in fully online learning for four semesters. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data divided into categories based on the Self-Determination Theory framework. The findings reveal that students’ engagement in team-based online learning is influenced by their need for competence, belonging, and autonomy. Overall, this research highlights the importance of addressing student engagement in online learning and provides insight into how lecturers and technology can motivate and enhance student engagement in team-based online learning. Lecturers must continually adapt their instructional strategies and leverage technology to maintain and increase student engagement during the online learning experience
The Correlation between EFL Learners’ Academic Intelligence and the Level of Productive Skills
Authors: Krebt Dhea Mizhir
Published: October 2023

Communicating effectively by gaining productive skills in a classroom setting is one of the critical goals of learning the English language. The current study was conducted to explore the correlation of EFL learners’ level of academic intelligence with their productive skills. The study tries to find an answer to what is the correlation between EFL learners’ academic intelligence and level of production skills. The study population represents EFL students at the departments of English language of the Iraqi Colleges of Education for the academic year (2022-2023). The sample includes 310 EFL students selected from the 3rd year of the Department of English of the College of Education, Ibn-Rushd for Human Sciences/University of Baghdad, College of Education/ University of Diyala, and College of Education/University of Tikrit. The current study has two instruments, the academic intelligence test consists of two dimensions (the operational and the content), while the second instrument used is the test of productive skills, which is composed of two skills; speaking skill consists of six standards (grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, pronunciation, interaction), and writing skill consists of five criteria (content, organization, grammar, vocabulary, writing technique). The results obtained reveal that there are positive significant correlations between EFL learners’ and productive skills. Concerning the productive skills tested in this study, EFL learners succeed in using speaking and writing skills, which constitute a large amount of human communication. Moreover, academic intelligence abilities can help EFL learners develop the skills and strategies necessary for academic success and professional development.
When do Local Governments Discriminate? Lessons from the Spread of “LGBT Free Zones” in Poland
Authors: Stenberg Matthew , O'Dwyer Conor
Published: October 2023

Beginning in 2019, many subnational governments in Poland created discriminatory, so-called “LGBT Free Zones.” Against trends of expanding minority rights in much of the world in recent decades, the Polish example shows the persistence and even expansion of discriminatory policies against minoritized groups, especially on the less-visible level of subnational politics. Our paper seeks to understand where subnational governments pursue these discriminatory policies. To maximize leverage and comparability, we analyze variation in the establishment of local-level discriminatory policies across 2,477 Polish municipalities, which have occurred against a national-level backdrop of democratic backsliding under the conservative Law and Justice (PiS) party. Local zones are most likely to be implemented through direct diffusion channels, where PiS officials hold municipal offices and where higher-level units (counties) also implement such zones. We contribute to our understanding of government-led discrimination against minoritized populations as well as subnational rule of law violations in EU member states.
Development and Validation of the Chinese Critical Thinking Disposition Scale among Foreign Language Students
Authors: Xu ling , Abdullah Tina , An Jing
Published: October 2023

Although much research acknowledges the positive contributions of CT dispositions to learning a foreign language, less scale development work has focused on the dispositions towards critical thinking of foreign language students in the Chinese language, leading to the limited availability of reliable and valid Chinese critical thinking disposition measurements in foreign language education. The current research aims to develop and validate the Chinese Critical Thinking Disposition Scale using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in two foreign language student samples from China. It filled the gap of limited reliable and valid Chinese scales assessing critical thinking disposition. A total of 538 (103 for EFA and 435 for CFA) foreign language students in China from Zaozhuang University and Jiangxi Normal University participated in the study. Results of the CFA confirmed a five-factor CHCTDS with 17 items on a seven-point Likert scale as an acceptable model fit for the data (χ2/df= 3.492, NFI= .911, CFI= .934, TLI= .918, IFI= .935, and RMSEA= .076) with good reliability and convergent as well as discriminant validity. The Cronbach’s α was .934 for the overall scale, and that of the five subscales ranged from .776 to .851. Therefore, the CHCTDS developed in this paper may be recommended as a valid Chinese scale measuring foreign language learners’ critical thinking dispositions. Still, it needs further validation among larger populations and across gender.
Comparative Analysis of Reading Text Readability in Chinese Junior High School English Teaching Textbook Based on Corpus
Authors: Mengyao Wu , Norman Helmi , Adnan Nor Hafizah
Published: October 2023

Readability is one of the important factors for students to consider when choosing a text to read. Based on a self-built corpus of Junior High School textbooks in China, this paper mainly investigates the differences in readability between reading texts in junior high school English textbooks. From vocabulary, sentence, and comprehensive indicators, this study makes quantitative statistics on the factors that affect the readability of English textbook texts to understand the readability of different textbook texts and to explore whether there are differences in the readability of eight textbooks. Finally, the results show significant differences in the readability of the eight editions of English readers. The average word length and new words rate are the highest in Popular Science Press, which reach 4.43 words and 8.40%, respectively. Among the average sentence length and the frequency of compound sentences, the Shandong Education Press has the highest, going 11.36 words and 11.03%, and confirmed that the Shandong Education Press has the highest difficulty. The textbook arranger can take the difficulty of the reading text into account once they have determined the readability of the text. They can then arrange or select a textbook appropriate for students, enabling them to comprehend and master the text more effectively.
Written Corrective Feedback Scientometric Review (1987–2022)
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zuo Jingying , Wang Xinyi
Published: October 2023

Written corrective feedback is widely used in language learning and teaching, and related studies have attracted significant attention in recent years. Through analysis and visualization of 497 articles indexed in the Web of Science core collection over the past 35 years using CiteSpace, this scientometric review aims to explore the developmental stages, involved disciplines, geospatial fingerprint, main research streams, and emerging research trends of written corrective feedback. The following stages were identified based on the timeline of publications and citations: the sprouting phase (1987–2005), the fluctuating phase (2006–2016), and the explosive phase (2017–2022). The interdisciplinary trend toward written corrective feedback becomes increasingly prominent throughout each stage, and its primary disciplines range from linguistics and cognitive science to psychology and computer science. The primary research contexts for written corrective feedback research are ESL and EFL; countries with multiple coexisting language variants have prioritized research in this field. Existing studies have witnessed a shift from quantitative to qualitative research, and case studies focusing on individual differences are emerging as a newer research frontier. As one of the first few scientometric reviews of written corrective feedback since the phrase first appeared as a combined index term, this study is significant as a reference for comprehensively understanding the intellectual background, dynamics, and evolution of this research field.
Challenges in Incorporating English as the Medium of Instruction at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
Authors: Alkhateeb Abdulelah , Alhawsawi Sajjadllah
Published: October 2023

In contexts where English is not a mother tongue, several institutions implement English as the medium of instruction. This paper argues that Saudi students pursuing tertiary education in scientific disciplines like health sciences must study in English-medium settings where they encounter several academic challenges related to the English language. Pre-university education for Saudi students is conducted in Arabic, which may have resulted in a jarring transition when they were expected to be instructed in English at the university. This abrupt change in the instruction medium challenges students’ English language proficiency. This paper aims to answer this question “What do perspectives students and instructors at KSAU-HS have regarding the challenges of implementing EMI in CAMS-A? ” It may also question the institution’s language policy and the quality of its educational outcomes. By using data from semi-structured interviews and classroom observations, the findings of this paper attempt to comprehend challenges such as 1) pre-university English language preparations, 2) misaligned expectations between content instructors and English instructors regarding improving students’ English language, 3) time and effort in preparing and delivering lectures using EMI, and 4) impeding students’ comprehension of content knowledge and driving them to rote memorization. This paper discusses these obstacles to provide potential explanations and solutions by calling into question the monolingual bias of EMI programs in Saudi Arabia.