bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
There is an App for That: Mobile Technology Improves Complication Reporting and Resident Perception of Their Role in Patient Safety
Authors: Johnson Christopher R. , Noorzad Ali , Pujari Amit , Paiement Guy , Lin Carol
Published: January 2021

Background:

Morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences are rooted within the culture of medicine. They serve a role in every training program and have been mandated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in surgical programs since 1983. Despite the patient safety improvements and educational benefits of these conferences, many adverse events are grossly under-reported.

Methods:

We developed a web-based, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, M&M reporting mobile application based on Research Electronic Data Capture. The list of possible complications was based on the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery complications list for part II. The interface is accessible through all mobile platforms. All residents were encouraged to use the application for real-time reporting of complications. Using an unpaired T-test, we compared the reporting before and after the implementation of the mobile application. Residents were surveyed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Culture Survey before and after implementation to evaluate resident perception of the department's culture of safety

Results:

The application was launched in August 2017. All reported events were tallied from August 2016 through July 2019. Before the implementation of the application, there were 54 adverse events reported, with a mean of 4.0 per month. In the Post-App cohort, a total of 176 adverse events were reported in year 1, with a mean of 14.76 per month, and 236 adverse events were reported in year 2, with a mean of 19.66 per month. Residents were significantly more likely to feel that their input on patient safety was valued by attendings after the implementation of the app (p = 0.0243).

Conclusions:

An anonymous mobile reporting method for M&M significantly increased the reporting of both major and minor complications and improved resident perception of their role in patient safety efforts. This suggests that traditional methods of M&M reporting may grossly underestimate the complication rates which can negatively affect patient safety and quality improvement efforts and that reducing barriers to the reporting of complication may improve resident engagement in patient safety.
Volar Locking Plate Fixation Versus Closed Reduction for Distal Radial Fractures in Adults
Authors: Lawson Andrew , Na Michael , Naylor Justine M. , Lewin Adriane M. , Harris Ian A.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Distal radial fractures in adults are common, representing a substantial burden to patients and health systems. The 2 main treatments are closed reduction and cast immobilization (CR) and volar locking plate (VLP) fixation. Our primary aim was to determine if VLP fixation leads to better patient-reported pain and function at 12 months compared with CR.

Methods:

We searched systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes of VLP fixation with CR for the treatment of distal radial fractures in adults. The Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of each study. Meta-analyses of patient-reported outcomes, clinical outcomes, and complications were performed. Key findings were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results:

A total of 8 RCTs (810 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Based on moderate-certainty evidence, no clinically important differences in patient-reported pain and function were found: although the mean difference (MD) in the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at 12 months was 4.1 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 7.0 points) in favor of VLP fixation, this was well below the minimum clinically important difference of 10 points. There was low-certainty evidence that VLP fixation led to better Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores at 12 months (MD, 6.9 points; 95% CI, −0.6 to 14.3 points) and better DASH scores at 24 months (MD, 8.9 points; 95% CI, 5.8 to 12.1 points) but again, these differences were not clinically important. There was very low or low-certainty evidence that VLP fixation provided better long-term radiographic outcomes, including palmar tilt (MD, 6.5°; 95% CI, 2.8° to 10.1°), radial inclination (MD, 3.4°; 95% CI, 2.5° to 4.3°), and ulnar variance (MD, 0.7 mm; 95% CI, −0.8 to 2.1 mm).

Conclusions:

There were no clinically important differences between treatments with respect to patient-reported pain and function at 12 months post-treatment, even though VLP fixation resulted in better fracture alignment than CR.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Mississippi River Adaptive Hydraulics model development and evaluation, Commerce to New Madrid, Missouri, Reach
Authors: Gaines Roger , Sanborn Stephen , McAnally William , Wallen Christopher
Published: January 2021

A numerical, two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Mississippi River, from Thebes, IL, to Tiptonville, TN (128 miles/206 km), was developed using the Adaptive Hydraulics model. The study objective assessed current patterns and flow distributions and their possible impacts on navigation due to Birds Point New Madrid Floodway (BPNMF) operations and the Len Small (LS) levee break. The model was calibrated to stage, discharge, and velocity data for the 2011, 2015–2016, and 2017 floods. The calibrated model was used to run four scenarios, with the BPNMF and the LS breach alternately active/open and inactive/closed. Effects from the LS breach being open are increased river velocities upstream of the breach, decreased velocities from the breach to Thompson Landing, no effects on velocity below the confluence, and cross-current velocities greater than 3.28 ft/s (1.0 m/s) within 1186.8 ft (60 m) of the bankline revetment. Effects from BPNMF operation are increased river velocities above the confluence, decreased velocities from the BPNMF upper inflow crevasse (Upper Fuseplug) to New Madrid, cross-current velocities greater than 1.5 ft/s (0.5 m/s) only near the right bank where flow re-enters the river from the BPNMF lower inflow/outflow crevasse Number 2 (Lower Fuseplug) and St. Johns Bayou.
Statistical Analysis on Factors That Hinders the Effectiveness of Junior Athletics Projects in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Nega Ashenafi , Amare Simenew
Published: January 2021

Background: This study was conducted to assess factors that affect the effectiveness of junior athletics projects in north Wollo zone. The main objective of the study was identifying factors affecting the effectiveness of junior athletics projects in north Wollo zone. Methods: The study used stratified sampling method to select the samples. Both primary and secondary source of data were used to gather reliable data. Mixed types of research approach (quantitative and qualitative) were employed. To achieve the objective of the study, cross-sectional study designed were employed. The collected data was organized, tabulated, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential method of data analysis. Results: The results of Proportional Odds Model reveal that training year or duration on the training of the athlete, that are trained between 2.1 to 3 year and 3.1 to 4 years are 0.855 and 0.985 times respectively smaller in performance than those athletes who trained in the project for less than 1 year. The result showed that athletes who haven’t the training field are 0.792 times less in performance than those athletes who have training field. In this study, those athletes who have well, bad and very bad relationship with their coach are 0.707, 0.989 and 0.979 times respectively lower in performance than athletes having very good relationship with their coach. In addition athletes who don’t participate in planning with their coach are 0.849 times lower in performance as compare to those athletes who participate. Those athletes who don’t get payment in the project are 0.952 times low in performance than athletes who get payment. Conclusion: The study identified factors related to sport offices related, coach related factors, athlete related. Regarding to sport office related factors such as shortage of training equipment and facilities, non-availability of training fields, lack of supervision and follow up for coaches and athletics projects, shortage of competition opportunities for athletes. Among coach related factors inability to prepaid peridized and scientific training plan, lack of providing proper demonstration for athletes, not recruiting the athletes based on talent identification. Considering athlete related factors lack of motivation on athletics sport.
The hsa_circ_0000523/miR-let-7b/METLL3 Axis Regulates the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Metastasis of Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HCT116
Authors: Wang Yansheng , Zhang Baolei , Zhu Yun , Zhang Yong , Li Li , Shen Tao , Liu Hao , Teng Yirong
Published: January 2021

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained wide attention as a class of potential biomarkers for the early detection of multiple cancers. However, the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in the oncogenesis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of hsa_circ_0000523 and its parental gene METTL3 in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis in a human CRC cell line (HCT116).Methods: HCT116 cells were left untreated, transfected with hsa_circ_0000523- or METTL3-expressing plasmid, transfected with siRNA oligo against hsa_circ_0000523 or METTL3, or transfected with negative control vector or siRNA oligo. All transfections were performed with Lipofectamine 2000. Transcriptional levels of hsa_circ_0000523, miR-let-7b, and METTL3 were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after staining for annexin V and propidium iodide. Cellular potential for migration was detected by transwell assay. Results: In HCT116 cells, hsa_circ-0000523 indirectly regulated METTL3 expression by suppressing the transcription of miR-let-7b. The expression of METTL3 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. Higher levels of METTL3 expression were associated with more aggressive tumor invasion.Conclusion: The hsa_circ_0000523/miR-let-7b/METLL3 axis functions in the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of human CRC. Our results suggest that circRNAs and METTL3 may be used for the highly sensitive diagnosis of CRC and predicting prognosis in patients who have undergone therapy.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) for Enhanced Recovery of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds From Cosmos Caudatus Leaves
Authors: LATIFF NORLIZA , ONG PEI YING , ABDULLAH LUQMAN CHUAH , RASHID SITI NOR AZLINA ABD , FAUZI NOOR AKHMAZILLAH MOHD , Amin Noor Amaiza Mohd
Published: January 2021

Cosmos caudatus (C. caudatus) is one of the common medicinal plants and among the valuable plants that are high in bioactive compounds such as phenolics. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was used to optimise the extraction of bioactive compounds from C. caudatus leaves using response surface methodology (RSM) and employing a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). The extraction efficiency of UAE under the optimal extraction conditions was compared with the Soxhlet method. Also, an anti-microbial analysis against two human pathogenic bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also evaluated. The effect of the extraction conditions was studied and optimised such as the solid-liquid ratio (10 to 30 g/ml), particle size (180 to 850 µm) and extraction time (20 to 30 min). Quercitrin and total phenolic content (TPC) were the selected response variables in this study. Based on the ANOVA analysis, the response surface model to predict the optimum yield of quercitrin and TPC was adequate with a high R-square value corresponding to 0.9930 and 0.9962. The optimal UAE conditions were 1:28 (g/mL), by using a particle size of 485 µm and an extraction time of 30 min, respectively. Remarkably, UAE reduced the extraction time and solvent volume, with the maximal recovery of bioactive compounds at a high antioxidant activity as compared with that of the Soxhlet method. The plant extract also exhibited potential microbial agents. Due to the above findings, UAE can be used to enrich quercitrin and total phenolic content from C. caudatus leaves. It also opens the possibility of plant extract to be used as an affordable component in many applications such as food formulations and anti-microbial agents.
An Evaluation of Knee Overuse Injuries and Sleep Disturbance Among Men and Women Fencers
Authors: Ma Tianyuan , Zhang He , Ghigiarelli Jamie
Published: January 2021

Fencing is an Olympic sport, it has many associations and competitions around the world. Modern fencing originated in ancient European fencing duels, which was popular among the nobility and became a way of resolving conflicts. Not only did fencing rise in Europe, but also it was popular in ancient Egypt, China, Arabia and other countries. China first combined the theory of fencing with the theory of politics. According to ancient Chinese records, in the 4th century BC, the Chinese philosopher Zhou Zhuang taught the King of Zhao the philosophy of fencing. Zhou Zhuang declared that if the King used the blade, he should observe the political environment of the whole county, following the wills of the people and the laws of nature. Then, he could make the whole county obey him.France is the cradle of modern fencing. The fencing mask was invented in 1776, and the weight of the blade was lightened to match in the 19th century. At the first Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. In this time, male’s fencing became an official sport, and female’s fencing entered the Olympic Games in Paris in 1924 later.At present, researches on fencing mainly focus on the training, strategic, tactics and physiological mechanism. In other words, they concern the performance of fencers in training, but ignore their recovery and life. They are in an asymmetrical position for a long time in training, which is easier to accumulate fatigue in the dominant side, especially the knee joint. Pain from the overuse injury or other factors are known to affect sleep quality, but very little researches have been done for fencers. When people do not acquire good sleep, they usually feel tired easily, and have hard time to concentrate on the study and work. Athletes need to undergo greater body load than common people. The sleep disturbance due to pain may slow the body recovery speed, and further aggravate the pain and accumulate the overuse injury. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the association between the sleep disturbance and the overuse injury. The knee joint bears the main body load in fencing, hence this research select knee joint for evaluation.
The Changes of Whole Blood Cells and Plasma Proteins in Donors After Plateletpheresis: 42 Donors With a Interval of 14-16 Days and More Than 20 Times
Authors: Li Jun , Liao Hongmei , Cheng Danfeng
Published: January 2021

Background To study the changes of whole blood cells and plasma proteins in donors after plateletpheresis with multiple donations. Materials and Methods From October 2015 to September 2019, 42 donors with a plateletpheresis interval of 14-16 days and more than 20 times were selected as the research subjects. The venous blood samples were collected from the first and the last screening before plateletpheresis. The result of last screening before plateletpheresis as the observation group, and the first as the control group. Then, the venous blood samples was detected. Results The whole blood cells and plasma proteins in donors after plateletpheresis changes within a normal range in the two groups. The PLT counts in the the observation group was 220.1±40.4 x109/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 216.6±44.5 x109/L in the control group(P>0.05). The HGB in the the observation group was 142.8±10.2 g/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 142.1±8.3g/L in the control group(P>0.05). The HCT in the the observation group was 43.50±3.2%, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 44.1±2.8% in the control group(P>0.05). The serum TP levels in the the observation group was 70.4±4.7g/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 69.0±4.8g/L in the control group(P>0.05). The serum ALB levels in the observation group was 46.3±2.3g/L, which was no statistically significant compared with the change of 45.8±2.3g/L in the control group(P>0.05). Conclusion There have no effect on the whole blood cells and plasma proteins in donors after plateletpheresis with multiple donations.
Glia Maturation Factor-Gamma Regulates Autophagy and Scavenger Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Murine Macrophages
Authors: Aerbajinai Wulin , Zhu Jianqiong , Chin Kyung , Rodgers Griffin
Published: January 2021

Autophagy and phagocytosis are critical processes involved in maintaining macrophage homeostasis and cellular immunity. Because dysfunction of autophagy is observed in many human pathologies, it is important to understand the regulatory mechanisms governing crosstalk between autophagy and phagocytosis. Glia maturation factor-gamma (GMFg) is a novel regulator of the Arp2/3 complex, its role in modulating autophagy and phagocytosis remains unknown. Here, we show that knockdown of GMFg in murine macrophages inhibited autophagosome formation and compromised lysosomal function. GMFg knockdown suppressed phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway components, suggesting a role for this pathway in GMFg regulation of autophagy. Moreover, GMFg-knockdown macrophages displayed increased the expression of scavenger-receptor MSR1 and CD36, which was dependent on activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, and exhibited increased phagocytic activity. In contrast, overexpression of GMFg in murine macrophages increased autophagosome abundance and suppressed both scavenger-receptor expression and phagocytic activity. These findings suggest that GMFg regulates autophagy through AMPKregulated control of autophagosome formation, while mediating phagocytosis through modulation of scavenger-receptor abundance in macrophages, and may provide insight into therapeutic approaches to autophagy-related diseases and autophagy-regulated phagocytosis in immune and metabolic disorders.
Predictive Value of a Five-biomarker Signature to Diagnose Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Zeng Jiang , Yang Qianting , Xu Dechang , Chen Qi , Huang Kaisong , Cai Yi , Dai Youchao , Hai Xie , Zeng Zhong , Gong Xiangwen , Peng Haiying , Deng Guofang , Chen Xinchun , Zhang Huihua , Liu Hui
Published: January 2021

Background: To improve the diagnosis accuracy of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) from pneumonia (PN) in low income and inadequate facilities areas is one of the biggest problems facing public health today. Most TB patients are difficult to diagnose, especially those who are acid-fast bacillus smear-negative (AFB-) but IGRA®.TB test positive (IGRA+). Thus, we aim to develop a low-cost and rapid risk model for the diagnosis of TB patients with AFB- IGRA+ TB from PN.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 laboratory variables of 204 AFB- IGRA+ TB and 156 PN participants. Candidate variables were identified by t-statistic test and univariate logistic model. The logistic regression analysis was used to construct the multivariate risk model and nomogram with internal and external validation.Results: There were differential correlations between variable pairs in AFB- IGRA+ TB and PN. We found several significant variables in TB compared with PN. Among them, uric acid (UA) was up-elevated , acting as a protective factor with an odds ratio (OR) < 1. By integrating five variables, including Age, UA, albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell counts (WBC), we constructed a multivariate risk model with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.8). Nomogram showed that UA and Hb had the protection effect, while Age, WBC and ALB acted as risk factors on TB occurrence. Internal and external validation revealed a good agreement between nomogran prediction and actual observations.Conclusions: Differential correlations existed between variable pairs in AFB- IGRA+ TB and PN. An integration of five biomarkers (Age, UA, ALB, Hb and WBC) can be used to predict TB in AFB- IGRA+ clinical samples from PN.
Metabolomics reveals the defense mechanism of different rice under space flight stress
Authors: Zeng Deyong , Cui Jie , Yin Yishu , Xiong Yi , Liu Mengyao , Guan Shuanghong , Cheng Dayou , Sun Yeqing , Lu weihong
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSpace flight is a special abiotic stress condition. Due to the development of space technology, its potential value has received widespread attention. Space mutation breeding is one of the important methods for human beings to solve food security. However, the molecular mechanism of space mutagenesis is still not very clear.ResultIn this study, two kinds of rice, Dongnong423 (DN3) and Dongnong416 (DN6), were carried on the SJ-10 retractable satellite for 12.5 days in orbit, returned to the ground and planted in the field until the three-leaf (TLP) and tillering stage (TS). The results of antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar, and electron leakage rate revealed that the space environment caused the stress response of rice. The TLP and TS of DN3 identified 113 and 58 different metabolites, respectively. The TLP and TS of DN6 identified 107 and 77 different metabolites, respectively. These metabolites include amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, organic acids and secondary metabolites. We used qRT-PCR technology to explore the changes of enzyme genes in the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism pathway. Combined with the results of metabolomics, we determined that during the TLP, the TCA cycle rate of DN3 was inhibited and amino acid metabolism was activated, while the TCA cycle rate of DN6 was activated and amino acid metabolism was inhibited. In TS, the TCA cycle rate of DN3 was inhibited, and amino acid metabolism was not significantly changed, while the TCA cycle rate of DN6 was activated and amino acid metabolism was inhibited. These results suggest that the space environment has different stress response mechanisms to the two rice varieties, and these differences may be reflected in energy consumption and compound biosynthesis.ConclusionsThis research uses metabolomics for the first time to explore the effects of space flight team rice. This research provides new insights for further exploring the effects of space biology and space mutation breeding.
IL-17F depletion accelerates chitosan conduit guided peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Chen Feixiang , Liu Weihuang , Zhang Qiang , Wu Ping , Xiao Ao , Zhao Yanan , Zhou Ying , Wang Qiaona , Chen Yun , Tong Zan
Published: January 2021

Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative to autografts for repairing long-range defects of peripheral nerves. In this study, we investigated whether modulating the immune microenvironment by Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) could promote NGC mediated peripheral nerve repair. Chitosan conduit were used to bridge sciatic nerve defect in IL-17F knockout mice with wild-type mice and autografts as controls. Our data revealed that IL-17F knockout mice had improved functional recovery and axonal regeneration of sciatic nerve bridged by chitosan conduits comparing to the wild-type mice. Notably, IL-17F knockout mice had enhanced pro-healing M2 macrophages in the NGC repairing microenvironment. In vitro data revealed that IL-17F knockout peritoneal macrophages had increased M2 markers after treatment with the extracts from chitosan conduits, while higher inflammatory M1 markers were detected in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line and wild-type peritoneal macrophages after the same treatment. The biased M2 macrophage phenotype by IL-17F knockout probably contributed to the improved chitosan conduit guided sciatic nerve regeneration. These results not only revealed a role of IL-17F in macrophage function, but also provided a unique and promising target, IL-17F, to modulate the microenvironment and enhance the peripheral nerve regeneration.
A Qualitative Study of Local Perspectives on Problem Drinking in Peruvian Andean Highlands: Control, Power, and Responsibility
Authors: Yamaguchi Sakiko , Lencucha Raphael , Brown Thomas Gordon
Published: January 2021

Background The public health approach to alcohol consumption that encourages moderate alcohol consumption and self-control often sits in tension with an ever-expanding profit-driven alcohol industry and an unwillingness of governments to regulate alcohol supply. The Peruvian Andean highland has seen the change of the Andean practice of collective drinking in response to the increased availability of alcohol and the experience of political violence. This paper sheds light on the ways that control, and specifically lack of control, intersects with the growing influence of alcohol companies and the reconfiguring of alcohol in Andean cultural practice.Methods Data were collected through focus group interviews (n=19) with community participants, teachers, and health workers, and key informant interviews (n=28). Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns of individual and collective meaning and social, political and economic factors associated with alcohol use. Results Local perspectives regarding loss of control over alcohol highlight the complex patterns of power and meaning exerted and experienced by different actors, shaping both understanding and behaviour. Participants’ focus on parents’ lack of control over alcohol use by some “abandoned” children reflects the structural vulnerability of some Andean families struggling with economic hardships. Another focus was on the money spent by men to engage in problem drinking. Participants interpreted alcohol consumption in this context as a way that men demonstrate their masculine identity and symbolic power as the breadwinner who controls the household economy. The third focus is superimposed onto the market economy. Participants expressed that the expansion of the alcohol market and perceived absence of government control coupled with macroeconomic conditions shaped patterns of alcohol consumption.Conclusion Echoing the political economy perspective, participants’ perspectives on control illustrate how problem drinking is shaped not simply by an individual drinker’s lack of self-control but also by an environment that enables the unrestrained marketing of alcohol products and the creation of a culture of consumption. Furthermore, harmful consumption is mediated by the reshaping of the Andean cultural practice of collective drinking. Attending to local perspectives is essential for policies and interventions that connect structural dynamics with the cultural and experiential aspects of alcohol consumption.
Nickel Cobalt Hydroxides With Tunable Thin-layer Nanosheets for High-performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Zhang Luomeng , Xia Hui , Liu Shaobo , Zhou Yishan , Zhao Yuefeng , Xie Wenke
Published: January 2021

Layered double hydroxides as typical supercapacitor electrode materials can perform superior energy storage if the structures are well regulated. In this work, a simple one-step hydrothermal method is used to prepare diverse nickel cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDHs), in which the different contents of urea are used to synthesize the different nanostructures of NiCo-LDHs. The results show that the decrease in urea content can effectively improve the dispersibility of NiCo-LDHs, adjust the thickness of materials and optimize the internal pore structures, thereby enhancing the capacitance performance of NiCo-LDHs. When the content of urea is reduced from 0.03 g to 0.0075 g under a fixed precursor materials mass ratio of nickel (0.06 g) to cobalt (0.02 g) of 3:1, the prepared sample NiCo-LDH-1 exhibits the thickness of 1.62 nm, and the clear thin-layer nanosheets structures and a large number of surface pores are formed, which is beneficial to the transmission of ions into the electrode material. After being prepared as a supercapacitor electrode, the NiCo-LDH-1 displays an ultra-high specific capacitance of 3982.5 F g-1 under the current density of 1 A g-1, and high capacitance retention above 93.6% after 1000 cycles of charging and discharging at a high current density of 10 A g-1. The excellent electrochemical performance of NiCo-LDH-1 is proved by assembling two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor with carbon spheres, displaying the specific capacitance of 95 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and the capacitance retention with 78% over 1000 cycles. As a result, it offers a facile way to control the nanostructure of NiCo-LDHs, confirms the important affection of urea on enhancing capacitive performance for supercapacitor electrode and provides the high possibility for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
Characterization and Comparison of Intestinal Bacterial Microbiomes of Euschistus Heros and Piezodorus Guildinii Collected in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Moro Matheus Sartori , Wu Xing , Wei Wei , Mendes Lucas William , Allen Clint , Pinheiro José Baldin , Clough Steven John , Zucchi Maria Imaculada
Published: January 2021

Background: Herbaceous insects are one of the main biological threats to crops. One such group of insects, stink bugs, do not eat large amounts of tissue when feeding on soybean, but are extremely damaging to the quality of the seed yield as they feed directly on green developing seeds leading to poorly marketable harvests. In addition to causing physical damage to the seed during feeding, the insects can also transmit microbial pathogens, leading to even greater yield loss. Conducting surveys of the insect intestinal microbiome can help identify possible pathogens, as well as detail what healthy stink bug digestive systems have in common.Methods: We used the conserved V4 515-806 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial microbiome of the red-banded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii collected in Brazil and the United States, as well as the neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros collected in Brazil.Results: After quality filtering of the data, 192 samples were kept for analyses: 117 samples from P. guildinii covering three sites in Brazil and four sites in the US, and 75 samples for E. heros covering 10 sites in Brazil. The most interesting observations were that the diversity and abundance of some bacterial families were different in the different ecoregions of Brazil and the United States.Conclusions: Some families may be related to the better adaptation in some localities in provide nutrients, break down cellulose, detoxify phytochemicals, and degrade organic compounds, which makes it difficult to control these species.
Spinal Canal Decompression for Stage III Kummell’s Disease With “Compressing the Posterior Wall of the Vertebral Body” Guided by Intraoperative Ultrasonography - a Preliminary Clinical Study
Authors: Cao Guangqing , Zhang Jidong , Zhang Cheng , Ginsberg Howard J , Fuetsch Manuel , Zhao Jie , Gao Chunzheng , Wu Dongjin
Published: January 2021

Background: There is a lot of controversy regarding the treatment of patients with stage III Kummell’s disease (KD). The purpose of this study is to determine feasibility, efficacy and safety of spinal canal decompression via “compressing the posterior wall of the vertebral body”, guided by real time intraoperative ultrasonography guidance for patients with stage III KD.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 11 patients with stage III KD associated with neurological deficits who underwent surgical treatment in The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, from September 2017 to January 2019. All patients underwent spinal canal decompression using a special L-shaped compressor (angular compressor) guided by real time ultrasonography to squeeze and compress the posterior wall of vertebral body, supplemented by internal fixation and posterior fusion. The primary goal was to determine feasibility, safety and efficacy. Therefore, operating time, Intraoperative blood loss, complications and JOA score, local Cobb angle, ODI score of pre- and post-operative were evaluated.Results: 11 patients (4 males and 7 females) with an average age of 70.2±3.2 years (63-76 years) were included in the study. Mean follow-up period was 17.4 months (12-24 months). Mean operating time was 151±18 min and mean intraoperative blood loss was 202±40ml. Before and after surgery, the local Cobb angle (34.3 °±5.4 °, 11.0 °±4.6 °, respectively), JOA score (12.8±2.1, 22.1±1.9, respectively) and ODI scores (71.4±6.4, 25.5±5.2, respectively) significantly improved (P <0.05). As a complication, one patient developed CSF leakage after surgery, while in another case transient MEP signal change occurred intraoperatively without neurological deficit after surgery.Conclusion: Spinal canal decompression by tamping the retropulsed vertebral body anteriorly, guided by intraoperative ultrasonography can effectively relieve neural compression, significantly shorten operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and have fewer complications for patients with stage III KD, compared with previously reported data. In our opinion, it therefore represents a low risk, minimally invasive, yet effective treatment strategy in this selected group of patients.Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.Unique Identifying number: ChiCTR2000040490.
Link Availability Prediction Based on Capacity Optimization in MANET
Authors: Ran Chu , Zhang Shufang , Huai Shuaiheng
Published: January 2021

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network composed of multiple wireless nodes without fixed infrastructure support, which is expected to play an important role in future commerce and military, especially in marine and aerospace communications systems. In this paper, for link failure caused by node mobility in MANET, the prediction of link availability is given according to the dynamic characteristics of the link, and transmission modes and relay nodes are selected to optimize the link capacity and reduce the interference. Simulation results show that the proposed routing metric method can select stable routing paths with less interference, and reduce routing overhead caused by node movement based on link availability analysis.
One-stage Posterior Transforaminal Thoracic Debridement and Interbody Fusion with Instrumentation for Multi-segment Tuberculosis of the Thoracic Spine in Adults: A Single-center Mid-to-long-term Follow-up Study
Authors: Xu Zhenchao , Zhang Zhen , Wang Xiyang , Wu Yunqi
Published: January 2021

Background Multi-segment tuberculosis of the thoracic spine in adults poses a therapeutic challenge due to the complexity of infection and the need for stabilization. Experience with a mid-to-long-term follow-up for management that uses a single-stage debridement through the posterior transforaminal approach coupled with stabilization that uses fusion and instrumentation is presented here.Methods From January 2007 to October 2015, a total of 42 adult patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis of the thoracic spine that involved 3 or more levels; they underwent a single-stage procedure with posterior transforaminal debridement. The instrumentation, in addition, to interbody fusion was performed for all patients. All patients received the appropriate medical management for tuberculosis. The treatment response was recorded as an improvement on serial biochemical markers (ESR, CRP levels), pain scores, and the measurement of kyphotic angles and spine scores (ASIA, SF-36 scale).Results At a mean follow-up of 73.5 + 9.6 months, all 42 patients were eligible for final evaluation. The reduction at 3 months and a return to physiological levels of biochemical markers as well as pain scores were noted in all patients at end of treatment. VAS and SF-36 scales were significantly improved compared with preoperative values. In total, 30 patients with a preoperative neurological deficit underwent the procedure and improvement in neurology was noted in all. The mean kyphotic angle loss of 1.7±1.1° was recorded at final the follow-up and bone fusion was observed at a mean of 10.6±2.1 months with no failure of instrumentation. There were no failures of graft lysis or implant breakages noted in this study.Conclusions Our mid-to-long-term experience with the management of multilevel thoracic tuberculosis in adults demonstrated the ability to offer a single staged procedure for posterior debridement as well as fusion with instrumentation and this approach has shown promising results in this study.
COVID 19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nna Emmanuel Okechukwu , Alao Michael Abel , Ogunbosi Babatunde , Okeke Uchenna , Anyachukwu Canice
Published: January 2021

Background The unprecedented development of COVID 19 vaccine within a few months and its introduction into the population brought a sigh of relief with the promise of preventing primary infections, halting spread, reducing hospitalization of infected people, and ultimately inducing herd immunity. However, public perception in many communities leaves a lot to worry about as the so much sort-after vaccine has been met with safety concerns, scepticism and hesitancy. We seek to produce a protocol for a reliable and accurate systematic review and meta-analysis on the hesitancy of COVID 19 vaccine uptake in the mist of a global pandemic.MethodsWe developed a search strategy using MeSH terms, text words and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AJOL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Research gate and Scopus. Only observational studies retrievable in the English Language will be included. The primary measurable outcome is the prevalence of COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy globally. The secondary outcomes are factors that influence COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy including race, age, gender, occupation, socioeconomic class, level of education, geographic location, misinformation, social media influence and vaccine safety. Identified studies will be screened, deduplicated, selected and data items extracted using DistillerSR software. All studies will be assessed for methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Assessment of risk of bias in the selected studies will be performed using the NIH Quality assessment tool for observational studies and the Cochrane tool of risk of bias. Publication bias will be assessed using the funnel plot as well as Egger’s regression intercept. The pooled prevalence, standard error and 95% CI will be reported. The strength of evidence from this analysis will be assessed by using NIH Quality Assessment for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis.DiscussionThe outcome of this analysis will give insight into the level of COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy and its correlates across geographical regions globally. It will examine if herd immunity via vaccination is attainable at the pooled rate of hesitancy. This will help Governments to redesign their public messages and sensitization. Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42021231165.
Overlap Between Genetic Variants Associated With Schizophrenia and Intelligence Quotient: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Murillo-García Nancy , Barrio-Martínez Sara , Setién-Suero Esther , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPeople with schizophrenia often exhibit a premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) deficit. A genetic overlap between schizophrenia and IQ has been found, indicating shared genetic variants underlying the risk of schizophrenia and a low IQ. However, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about this issue. The aim of this systematic review will be to analyse and summarize the evidence that explores genetic variants associated with schizophrenia and IQ. MethodsA search will be carried out in four electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus). The search strategy will include terms related to “schizophrenia”, “genetic variants” and “intelligence quotient”, which will be adapted to medical subject headings (Mesh) format, Thesaurus format and free text. The team of reviewers will record the results in a bibliographic manager software and conduct the selection process. Observational studies examining human adults with schizophrenia that explore the association between genetic variants and the IQ of the participants will be considered. The risk of bias of the primary studies will be assessed using the genetic study quality tool (Q-Genie). After data extraction, the main results will be presented in a narrative synthesis.DiscussionThe findings of this systematic review may help us understand if there is genetic overlap between schizophrenia and IQ, and to identify specific genetic factors involved. Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020218842.
Comparison of Outcomes and Complications Among Various Surgical Treatments for Vertebral Compression Fractures: a Retrospective Study.
Authors: Yeh Kuei-Lin , Wu Szu-Hsien , Wu Shing-Sheng , Hou Sheng-Mou
Published: January 2021

BackgroundOsteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures is increasingly common in the elderly. As no studies have compared the safety and efficacy of surgical techniques for the treatment of such fractures, we retrospectively compared vertebroplasty, balloon kyphoplasty, and kyphoplasty with SpineJack or an intravertebral expandable pillar (IVEP). In this study, we retrospectively compared the safety and efficacy, including visual analog scale scores for pain, kyphotic angle, average body height, rate of cement leakage, and occurrence of adjacent vertebral compression fractures of each surgical intervention mentioned above at Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital. All patients underwent surgical treatment under Dr. Wu. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 10 years of data of 354 patients with vertebral compression fractures, randomly dividing them into five groups. All these patients were diagnosed with fresh compression fracture, defined as signal changes on T1 phase by magnetic resonance imaging examination. Their visual analog scale scores for pain, kyphotic angle, average body height, rate of cement leakage, and occurrence of adjacent vertebral compression fractures were followed up for 1 year. ANOVA, the post hoc Bonferroni test, and Fisher’s exact probability test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsAll pain scores significantly improved 12 months postoperatively; however, there was no significant difference between the groups. Kyphoplasty with SpineJack significantly reduced the kyphotic angle, restoring the vertebral body height; adjacent compression fracture rate was highest in the vertebroplasty group (p=0.020). The method with the lowest cement leakage rate remains unidentified due to the small sample size; however, kyphoplasty with SpineJack, intravertebral expandable pillar, and vesselplasty resulted in lower rates than balloon kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty.ConclusionsVertebroplasty and kyphoplasty were excellent treatments for vertebral compression fractures, with no differences in pain relief. Kyphoplasty with SpineJack entailed a lower risk of cement extravasation, resulting in greater vertebral body height restoration and kyphotic reduction than other groups. While the safest method remains unclear, Kyphoplasty with SpineJack, intravertebral expandable pillar, and vesselplasty resulted in low rates of cement leakage. Kyphoplasty with intravertebral expandable pillar resulted in the lowest adjacent compression fracture rate.
TYPES OF NON-ENTERPRISE SOCIETIES
Authors: Katsyuba K.V.
Published: January 2021

The non-entrepreneurial company plays a great role in the formation of modern civil society in Ukraine while being active participants in civil relations. The article deals with the actual problem of defining the types of non-entrepreneurial companies by clarifying the legal status of their individual types, which must be created in order to achieve a certain purpose and be empowered with a purposeful capacity.
Attempts to classify non-entrepreneurial companies on various grounds have been made by scientists on several occasions and remain a rather debatable issue, and there is no single approach. The author emphasized the difficulty of defining the criteria of distinction between the different nonentrepreneurial company, since there is no exhaustive list of them, and all of them must be created within the same organizational and legal form of a legal entity “society” and have all the characteristics inherent in this organizational and legal form of legal entities. However, there are various possible reasons for the distinction, such as the purpose of creation and nature of the activity, the organizational structure and legal nature of the right to participate in the company, the qualitative composition of the participants, the nature of civil liability of the organization. The article notes that the emergence of the non-entrepreneurial company is due to their legal and economic nature, as the desire of a person to create a comfortable living environment and the possibility of its formation at their own discretion, by combining interests in different types for social, charitable, educational, scientific, cultural and other purposes aimed at achieving social benefits. The special legal status and signs of non-business partnerships are defined. It is concluded that in a non-entrepreneurial company there are two types of relationships governed by different methods of civil law: intra-corporate relations or organizational ones governed by a method whereby a majority decision is binding on a minority, and property legal relationships governed by the legal equality method. all legal consequences.

Keywords: non-entrepreneurial company; types of non-entrepreneurial company; the legal status of the non-entrepreneurial company.
Visualizing Multilevel Networks for the Analysis of Superposed Levels of Collective Agency
Authors: Lazega Emmanuel
Published: January 2021

This picture, produced by Julien Brailly et al. (2016) and David Schoch (2020), visualizes multilevel networks of individuals and organizations.
Investigation of the Néel phase of the frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet by differentiable symmetric tensor networks
Authors: Hasik Juraj , Poilblanc Didier , Becca Federico
Published: January 2021

The recent progress in the optimization of two-dimensional tensor
networks [H.-J. Liao, J.-G. Liu, L. Wang, and T. Xiang, Phys. Rev. X 9,
031041 (2019)] based on automatic differentiation opened the way towards
precise and fast optimization of such states and, in particular,
infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) that constitute a
generic-purpose Ansatz for lattice problems governed by local Hamiltonians.
In this work, we perform an extensive study of a paradigmatic model of
frustrated magnetism, the J_1-J_2J1−J2
Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice. By using advances in
both optimization and subsequent data analysis, through finite
correlation-length scaling, we report accurate estimations of the
magnetization curve in the N'eel phase for
J_2/J_1 \le 0.45J2/J1≤0.45.
The unrestricted iPEPS simulations reveal an
U(1)U(1)
symmetric structure, which we identify and impose on tensors, resulting
in a clean and consistent picture of antiferromagnetic order vanishing
at the phase transition with a quantum paramagnet at
J_2/J_1 \approx 0.46(1)J2/J1≈0.46(1).
The present methodology can be extended beyond this model to study
generic order-to-disorder transitions in magnetic systems.