bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Economics of Privacy
Authors: Acquisti Alessandro , Taylor Curtis , Wagman Liad
Published: June 2016

This article summarizes and draws connections among diverse streams of theoretical and empirical research on the economics of privacy. We focus on the economic value and consequences of protecting and disclosing personal information, and on consumers' understanding and decisions regarding the trade-offs associated with the privacy and the sharing of personal data. We highlight how the economic analysis of privacy evolved over time, as advancements in information technology raised increasingly nuanced and complex issues. We find and highlight three themes that connect diverse insights from the literature. First, characterizing a single unifying economic theory of privacy is hard, because privacy issues of economic relevance arise in widely diverse contexts. Second, there are theoretical and empirical situations where the protection of privacy can both enhance and detract from individual and societal welfare. Third, in digital economies, consumers' ability to make informed decisions about their privacy is severely hindered because consumers are often in a position of imperfect or asymmetric information regarding when their data is collected, for what purposes, and with what consequences. We conclude the article by highlighting some of the ongoing issues in the privacy debate of interest to economists. (JEL D82, D83, G20, I10, L13, M31, M37)
Where are the female science professors? A personal perspective
Authors: Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn
Published: June 2016

The first woman to earn a Professorship at a University in Europe was Laura Maria Caterina Bassi, who earned a professorship in physics at the University of Bologna in 1732. Almost 300 years and three waves of feminism later, in 2016, women typically still only comprise 20% (or less) of the number of full professors in Europe. This opinion article will discuss the experiences of being a female academic today and the factors contributing to the academic gender gap from the perspective of a “young” natural scientist, as well as providing constructive suggestions for strategies to empower women in the academic world.
Celebrating an evening with men of destiny
Authors: Davis David
Published: June 2016

To mark the 250th anniversary of the birth of french surgeon Dominique Larrey, The Larrey Society is hosting its first Larrey Lecture. David Davis, the society's founder and chairman, gives a background to the inaugural speaker, Professor Douglas Chamberlain, who has been integral to the development of the paramedic profession.
General paediatric surgery for patients aged under 5 years: a 5-year experience at a district general hospital
Authors: Kwok C-S , Gordon AC
Published: June 2016

Introduction

The gradual shift of general paediatric surgery (GPS) provision from district general hospitals (DGH) to specialised units is well recognised in the UK. The consequences of centralisation include a reduction in exposure to GPS for current surgical trainees. The GPS practice of a DGH is examined here.

Methods

All operations performed on children aged under 5 years over a 5-year period were identified using the local electronic operation database. Electronic hospital records and clinic letters were accessed to collect data on demographics, operations performed and outcome measures.

Results

472 GPS operations were performed on children between the age of 22 days and 5 years between 2009 and 2014, of which 43 were on an emergency basis and 105 were performed on patients aged less than 1 year. Three patients were admitted following day case surgery. Six patients were readmitted within 30 days. Complication rates for all procedures and the four most common procedures were similar to those found in published literature.

Conclusions

GPS for patients aged less than 5 years is comparatively safe in the DGH setting. The training opportunities available at DGHs are invaluable to surgical trainees and vital for sustaining the future provision of GPS by such hospitals.
Adverse impact of intermittent portal clamping on long-term postoperative outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hao S , Chen S , Yang X , Wan C
Published: June 2016

Introduction

To evaluate the impact of intermittent portal clamping (IPC) on long-term postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Clinical records of 355 patients underwent curative liver resection for HCC in January 2007 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. According to how portal clamping was performed, patients were grouped as: IPC, n=113; other portal clamping (OPC), n=190; and no portal clamping (NPC), n=52.

Results

Median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was statistically significantly shorter in the IPC (39.4 months) than OPC (47.3 months, p=0.010) and NPC groups (51.4 months, p=0.008). Median overall survival (OS) was also significantly shorter with IPC (46.3 months), versus 52.9 months with OPC (p=0.022) and 56.2 months with NPC (p=0.015). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that 5-year cumulative RFS was much lower in the IPC (42.5%) than OPC (50.9%, p=0.014) and NPC groups (49.6%, p=0.013). Five-year cumulative OS was also much lower in the IPC (44.9%) than OPC (58.0%, p=0.020) and NPC groups (57.7%, p=0.025). On univariate analysis, tumour grade, size and number, TNM stage, blood transfusion, vascular invasion and IPC were significantly inversely correlated with RFS and OS. On multivariate analysis, tumour size and number, blood transfusion, vascular invasion and IPC remained significant.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that IPC is an independent risk factor for poor long-term postoperative outcomes in patients with HCC.
Creating a SIS—A Annual Review Protocol to Determine the Need for Reassessment
Authors: Thompson James R. , Shogren Karrie A. , Seo Hyojeong , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Lang Kyle M.
Published: June 2016

The Supports Intensity Scale – Adult Version (SIS—A) has been widely adopted throughout North America and the world since its publication a little over a decade ago. Many organizations and jurisdictions operate under regulations that require an annual assessment of people who receive services and supports that are financed through public funds. The time and energy devoted to an annual SIS—A reassessment has become a concern in cases where the resulting information is largely redundant with information from a prior assessment. This article presents findings from an investigation of two approaches to creating a protocol to assist SIS—A users in distinguishing situations where there is a high likelihood that support needs have not changed in meaningful ways from situations where there is a reasonable possibility that support needs have changed. The SIS—A Annual Review Protocol was created based on these analyses as well as consideration of conceptual issues associated with support needs assessment. Ways in which this protocol might be used, as well as data that need to be collected to evaluate its usefulness, are discussed.
Curators and Instagram: Affect, Relationality and Keeping in Touch
Authors: Fisher Jennifer
Published: June 2016

Curators use Instagram like many individuals to post selfies and images of friends, special events, travel and other notable sights. Yet this platform has taken on special relevance in the art world by how it extends curatorial relationality and modalities of affective engagement. In
this article, I survey accounts of curators whose Instagram accounts blur work/life dichotomies, adopt conceptual or feminist projects, and function as avenues for ethico-aesthetic intensifications of awareness. I argue that Instagram’s affect of proximal immediacy keeps users ‘in
touch’ through a range of haptic modalities that in effect bring the art world into one’s hand; kinaesthetically mobilize users through ‘following’; and reveal the manners by which curators attune themselves to context.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Weiner Andrew Stefan , Mutlu Rasit , Brown Kathryn , MacInnis Jordan , Bronstein Noa , Mida Ingrid
Published: June 2016

The Xerox Book Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, 12 September–24 October 2015

Saltwater: A Theory of Thought Forms – 14th Istanbul Biennial Curated by Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, various locations, Istanbul, 2 September–1 November 2015

Ink Remix: Contemporary Art
from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong Curated by Sophie McIntyre, exhibited at the Canberra Museum and Gallery, 3 July–18 October 2015; Bendigo Art Gallery, 31 October 2015–7 February 2016; University of New South Wales Galleries, 26 February–21 May 2016; Museum of Brisbane,
16 September 2016–19 February 2017

Artist Textiles: Picasso to Warhol Curated by Dennis Nothdruft, Textile Museum of Canada, Toronto, 2 May–4 October 2015

Mark Rothko’s Harvard Murals Curated by Mary Schneider Enriquez, in collaboration with Narayan Khandekar, Carol
Mancusi-Ungaro, Christina Rosenberger and Jens Stenger, Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, 16 November 2014– 26 July 2015

Dries Van Noten: Inspirations Curated by Pamela Golbin, with Karen Van Godtsenhoven, MoMu Fashion Museum, Antwerp, 13 February–19 July 2015, originally presented
at Musée des Arts Décoratifs (curated by Pamela Golbin), Paris, 1 March–2 November 2014
Book Reviews
Authors: Bodor Judit , Couto Erika Ashley , Toye Megan
Published: June 2016

Revisions – Zen for Film, Hanna B. Hölling New York: Bard Graduate Center (2015), 100 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-1-941-79202-5, US$20.00

Family Ties: Living History in Canadian House Museums, Andrea Terry Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press (2015), 248
pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-773-54561-8, CAD & US $110.00/Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-773-54562-5, CAD & US $44.95

Introducing Suzy Lake, Georgina Uhlyarik (ed.) London: Black Dog Publishing (2014), 232 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-1-90896-673-5, US$34.95
Support Acts: Curating, Caring and Social Reproduction
Authors: Reckitt Helena
Published: June 2016

This article considers the changing definitions of curatorial labour in the light of affective economies of care and love. It examines how recent conceptions of curating shift emphasis from caring for objects and collections to producing and managing social networks, collective energies
and professional relationships. While curators prioritize their care for artworks and artists, they often overlook the low-status and infrastructural activities that sustain curatorial production. At the same time, by over-identifying with their work, and instrumentalizing their personal relationships
and energies, curators risk self-exploitation and burn-out. By recognizing curating’s inter-dependent nature, this article prompts a redefinition of curatorial care and calls for a reallocation of curatorial and institutional priorities and resources.
CCB with...: Displaying Curatorial Relationality in dOCUMENTA (13)’s The Logbook
Authors: Buurman Nanne
Published: June 2016

Focusing on the construction of Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev’s curatorial authorship in The Logbook published by dOCUMENTA (13) (2012), this article addresses the politics of publishing personal relationships in the context of current post-Fordist regimes where immaterial and affective
labours such as communicating, networking and self-promotion have moved to the core of the capitalist production of value. I discuss how the third volume of dOCUMENTA (13)’s three-part catalogue turns into a curatorial autobiography that not only exhibits Christov-Bakargiev’s authorship
by exposing her conviviality, familiarity and friendship with significant others, but also provides an updated version of the 1981 Harald Szeemann monograph Museum der Obsessionen. My aim is to scrutinize the intersection of historically shifting (bio)political implications of affective labour
and the gendering of curatorial practice.
The role of financial constraints in the services sector: how different is it from manufacturing?
Authors: Silva Filipe , Carreira Carlos
Published: June 2016

Although the services sector has emerged as a major contributor to gross domestic product and employment in developed economies, very little attention has been paid to financial constraints faced by services firms. This paper represents a first attempt to model financial constraints in the services sector. In particular, we question the commonly accepted inverse relationship between firm size/age and financial constraints. To conduct our empirical tests, we estimate the Cash-Cash Flow Sensitivity using a large unbalanced panel of Portuguese firms. We also combine the recently developed Hovakimian-Hovakimian index of firm’s financial constraints with the sensitivity of cash stocks to cash-flow approach. Our results suggest that there are clear differences in financial constraints across the two sectors. First, firms operating in the services sector suffer from more severe financial constraints than those in manufacturing. Second, the relationship between size and financial constraints appears to be inverse in the case of the manufacturing sector, but not in services, for which we have U-shaped evidence. Finally, for the services sector we find some evidence suggesting an inverse relationship between age and financial constraints, while in manufacturing this relationship seems to be U-shaped.
Ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (oâ€™Rorke) Baill protects against nephrotoxocity and hepatotoxicity in cadmium-induced wistar albino rats
Authors: Ewere Efosa , Oyebadejo Samson , Peter Victor
Published: June 2016

Cadmium is a well-known environmental pollutant that has been proven to be nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic in the body. In this study, the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (Oâ€™Rorke) Baill (IG) against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats was investigated. 30 female wistar rats of weights between 98-153g were grouped into 6 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and was placed on rat feed and water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered 10mg/Kg body weight (mg/kgbw) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) only,10mg/Kgbw CdCl2 and 200mg/kgbw extract, 10mg/Kgbw CdCl2 and 400mg/kgbw extract, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were given 200mg/kgbw and 400mg/kgbw of IG extract respectively and the treatments lasted for 28 days. Results obtained revealed significant (p<0.05) increases in the serum levels of all renal and liver function biomarkers in group 2 (CdCl2 only) as compared with the control. There were however significant (p<0.05) decreases in the serum levels of the assayed parameters when groups 3 and 4 were respectively compared with group 2. It can therefore be concluded that ethanolic leaf extract of Irvingia gabonensis (Oâ€™Rorke) Baill enhances the integrity of the kidneys and liver of cadmium-induced wistar albino rats.
Emergent Rainy Winter Warm Spells May Promote Boreal Predator Expansion into the Arctic
Authors: Sokolov Aleksandr A. , Sokolova Natalya A. , Ims Rolf A. , Brucker Ludovic , Ehrich Dorothee
Published: June 2016

Climate change has been characterized as the most serious threat to Arctic biodiversity. In addition to gradual changes such as climate warming, extreme weather events, such as melting temperatures in winter and rain on snow, can have profound consequences for ecosystems. Rain-on-snow events lead to the formation of ice layers in the snow pack, which can restrict access to forage plants and cause crashes of herbivore populations. These direct impacts can have cascading effects on other ecosystem components, often mediated by trophic interactions. Here we document how heavy rain in early winter, leading to the formation of a thick layer of ice, was associated with dramatic mortality of domestic reindeer on Yamal Peninsula, Russia. In the subsequent summer, breeding of two boreal generalist predators, red fox and Hooded Crow, was recorded for the first time in a monitoring area in the Low Arctic tundra of this region. We suggest that the resource pulse created by the abnormally high reindeer mortality and abundance of carrion may have facilitated these breeding events north of the known breeding range of the two species. Our observations provide an example of how specific emergent weather events may indirectly pave the way for more abrupt, although possibly temporary, species range changes.
Infrastructure Development Accelerates Range Expansion of Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides, Salicaceae) into the Arctic
Authors: Ackerman Daniel , Breen Amy
Published: June 2016

Interacting forces of climate change and increased human activity in the Arctic are driving rapid changes in ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity. One such change is the northern range expansion of tree species. We present the first account of the boreal tree species trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides, Salicaceae) growing beyond the latitudinal treeline in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska. The four trembling aspen stands described in this paper are located on abandoned gravel roads or pads created for construction purposes. We hypothesize that gravel pads create islands of substrate suitable for tree growth within the Arctic by providing greater rooting depth, well-drained microsites, an extended growing season, and acid-buffering capacity. Further, traffic along the south-to-north oriented Dalton Highway from the boreal forest in Interior Alaska to the Arctic may aid seed dispersal across the topographic barrier of the Brooks Range. Therefore, increased development in the Arctic will likely accelerate the establishment of trees as climate becomes more favorable for tree growth. Tree colonization associated with infrastructure development would contrast sharply with prior conceptual models of gradual treeline advance following disturbance.
Physical Activity Policy for Older Adults in the Northwest Territories, Canada: Gaps and Opportunities for Gains
Authors: Brooks-Cleator Lauren A. , Giles Audrey R.
Published: June 2016

In the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, the population of older adults is increasing, and this population reports much poorer health than other age cohorts. Given the number of benefits that physical activity (PA) can have for older adults, we analyzed policies concerning older adults and PA of both the NWT government and non-governmental organizations in the health, recreation, and sports sectors. Our findings indicate that although the majority of the organizations had no PA policies specific to older adults or Aboriginal older adults, some organizations completed all five stages of the policy cycle (agenda setting, policy formulation, decision making, implementation, and evaluation). Our analysis suggests that PA for older adults is not on the agenda for many organizations in the NWT and that often the policy process does not continue past the decision-making stage. To address the need for connections between all stages of the policy cycle, we suggest that organizations collaborate across multiple sectors and with older adults to develop a territory-wide, age-friendly rural and remote community strategy that is applicable to the NWT. Prioritizing age-friendly communities would, in turn, facilitate appropriate PA opportunities for older adults in the NWT and thus contribute to a healthier aging population.
Fresh Autologous Pericardium to Reconstruct the Pulmonary Valve at the Annulus When Tetralogy of Fallot Requires a Transannular Patch at Midterm
Authors: Pande Shantanu , Sharma Jugal K. , Siddartha C.R. , Bansal Anubhav , Agarwal Surendra K. , Tewari Prabhat , Kapoor Aditya
Published: June 2016

Tetralogy of Fallot often requires reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract with a transannular patch (TAP), but this renders the pulmonary valve incompetent and eventually leads to right ventricular dysfunction.

We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of a reconstructed pulmonary valve and annulus in 70 patients who underwent, from December 2006 through December 2010, complete correction of tetralogy of Fallot. We divided the 70 patients into 2 groups in accordance with whether they required (n=50) or did not require (n=20) a TAP. We used autologous untreated pericardium to fashion the TAP and to create both an annulus of the correct size and a competent pulmonary valve with native leaflets. We evaluated the efficiency of this procedure both functionally and anatomically.

The median age of the patients was 11 years (range, 2–38 yr). There were 56 males, with no significant difference in sexual distribution between groups. The clinical follow-up was 88% for 57.5 months, and the echocardiographic follow-up was 80% for 36 months. There was no significant difference in outflow gradient or in the occurrence of pulmonary insufficiency between the TAP group (none, 31; mild, 12; moderate, 6; and severe, 1) and the No-TAP group (none, 16; moderate, 2; and severe, 2) (P=0.59). Nor was there any thickening or calcification in the constructed valves.

We conclude that pulmonary valves constructed of untreated autologous pericardium performed as well as native valves after total tetralogy of Fallot correction at midterm.
Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair by Means of the Chimney Technique in a Patient with Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia
Authors: Kfoury Elias , Almanfi Abdelkader , Dougherty Kathryn G. , Krajcer Zvonimir
Published: June 2016

Crossed fused renal ectopia, a congenital anomaly in 1 of 7,000 individuals, presents a challenge during endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Most treatment approaches in these patients have involved open surgical repair of the aneurysm or endovascular repair with coverage of the ectopic renal artery. We present what we think is the first case of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with use of the chimney technique (parallel stent-grafting) to preserve an ectopic renal artery, in an 88-year-old man who was at high risk for open surgery. In addition to the patient's case, we discuss the relevant medical literature.
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome: To Shunt or Not to Shunt, That is the Question
Authors: Klein Michael R. , Kiefer Todd L. , Velazquez Eric J.
Published: June 2016

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome is a rare disease defined by dyspnea and deoxygenation, induced by an upright position, and relieved by recumbency. Causes include shunting through a patent foramen ovale and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

A 79-year-old woman experienced 2 syncopal episodes at rest and presented at another hospital. In the emergency department, she was hypoxic, needing 6 L/min of oxygen. Her chest radiograph showed nothing unusual. Transthoracic echocardiograms with saline microcavitation evaluation were mildly positive early after agitated-saline administration, suggesting intracardiac shunting. She was then transferred to our center.

Right-sided heart catheterization revealed no oximetric evidence of intracardiac shunting while the patient was supine and had a low right atrial pressure. However, her oxygen saturation dropped to 78% when she sat up. Repeat transthoracic echocardiography while sitting revealed a dramatically positive early saline microcavitation-uptake into the left side of the heart. Transesophageal echocardiograms showed a patent foramen ovale, with right-to-left shunting highly dependent upon body position. The patient underwent successful percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure, and her oxygen supplementation was suspended.

In patients with unexplained or transient hypoxemia in which a cardiac cause is suspected, it is important to evaluate shunting in both the recumbent and upright positions. In this syndrome, elevated right atrial pressure is not necessary for significant right-to-left shunting. Percutaneous closure, if feasible, is first-line therapy in these patients.
Developing community of inquiry scale for 3D virtual learning environments
Authors: Reisoğlu İlknur , Göktaş Yüksel
Published: June 2016

This study aims at developing Community of Inquiry Model scale for 3 Dimensional virtual learning environments. 51 items were developed for the scale from the literature review based on the characteristics of a virtual learning environment which was developed for winter sports in a 3D environment. The items were reviewed by field and language experts. A pilot study was conducted with 15 students. In 3D virtual winter sports learning environment, 260 5th, 6th, and 7th grade students practiced and then the scale was implemented on them. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on the obtained data. At the end of the analyses, it was confirmed that the scale was comprised of three factors that are teaching, social and cognitive presence, and explained 57.80% of the variance and Cronbach alpha coefficient was .96. In confirmatory factor analyses conducted with three-factor structure that are teaching, social and cognitive presence, goodness of fit indexes before any modifications made on the model were as follows; [Ï‡2/df=1.59 (p=.00); RMSEA= .07; GFI= .80; AGFI= .76; CFI=.99; NFI= .97; SRMR= .05].
Kajian Alokasi Kebutuhan Ruang di Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Pinem Dessy Eresina , Sianipar Bambang Benediktus , Purnama Purnama
Published: June 2016

In line with the development of the city, the insistence on changes to the natural spaces and undeveloped lands, such as for housing, offices, shops, roads and parking space, and others becomes higher. This condition will effect the decreasing of space for agriculture, vegetables planting and horticulture. On the other side, products of agriculture and horticulture are needed for food. A special case in North Sumatera, the development of highlight/featured sector (rubber and palm planting) also need more space.  So, thereupon a competition to get land between many activities in North Sumatera. The purpose of research is to analyze the need for space in North Sumatra Province in comparison to the availability and suitability of the land. In this study, the requirement of space is calculated by the amount of the food needs of the entire population of North Sumatra Province which is adapted to Target Consumption of Food Top North Sumatra Province in 2025, the amount of land area required for settlements that are tailored to the population of North Sumatra Province in 2025, the amount of land area needed for the development of the production of palm oil plantations as the leading sectors of North Sumatra Province, the vast amount of land required for the development of agricultural production and horticulture to meet the needs of residents of North Sumatra Province until 2025. Forecasting the number of agricultural production is using simple linear regression. Suitability and land capability are measured through the depiction of Unit Ability Land (SKL) that will show the suitability of land for protected areas, residential areas, forests, mangroves, cattle grazing, agriculture annuals, perennial plants, and others. The results of the analysis showed that there will be a shortage of land for agriculture in 2025 in the amount of 596,485.44 ha due to the conversion of agricultural land to residential areas, plantations, and others. Based on the suitability of land for agricultural seasonal wet and dry land, there are 1,410,363.07 hectares of land are appropriate for planting vegetables in 2025. In 2025, also will be a shortage of land for housing amounted to 185,638.54 ha. Another finding is that if productivity remains, then by 2025, rice production in North Sumatra Province can meet the needs of rice for food security as long as the harvest of the land until 2025 is provided.
The role of Pazopanib in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Fotopoulos George , Pentheroudakis George
Published: June 2016

INTRODUCTION: Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours of mesenchymal origin. Single agent pazopanib showed activity in a phase II clinical trial designed to screen various soft tissue sarcoma subtypes [10] and a phase III [11] clinical trial followed resulting in FDA approval in 2012 for use in metastatic soft tissue sarcoma exposed to prior chemotherapy.

METHODS: We conducted an independent computerised review of PubMed and ScienceDirect database up to May 2015 using combinations of terms such as soft tissue sarcoma, pazopanib, STS ,VEGFR2, TKIs ,angiogenesis, advanced sarcoma treatment, targeted therapy for sarcoma

AIM: Our aim was to explore the role of pazopanib in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) treatment, its mode of action, the clinical trials supporting its approval, safety and efficacy, how the product fits into the real world and its contribution to the development of targeted therapy for STS

CONCLUSION: Pazopanib is a valid, innovative and cost-effective approach in the treatment of advanced pre-treated STS
Vocabulary of concepts and terms in chemometrics (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)
Authors: Hibbert David B.
Published: June 2016

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology relating to chemometrics. Building on ISO definitions of terms for basic concepts in statistics the vocabulary is concerned with mainstream chemometric methods. Where methods are used widely in science, definitions are given that are most useful to chemical applications. Vocabularies are given for general data processing, experimental design, classification, calibration and general multivariate methods.
Synthesis of glucopyranos-6′-yl purine and pyrimidine isonucleosides as potential cholinesterase inhibitors. Access to pyrimidine-linked pseudodisaccharides through Mitsunobu reaction
Authors: Batista Daniela , Schwarz Stefan , Loesche Anne , Csuk René , Costa Paulo J. , Oliveira M. Conceição , Xavier Nuno M.
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of new isonucleosides comprising purine and pyrimidine-derived systems linked to methyl glucopyranosidyl units at C-6 and evaluation of their cholinesterase inhibitory profiles is reported. Their access was based on the Mitsunobu coupling of partially acetylated and benzylated methyl glucopyranosides with purine and pyrimidine derivatives. While the reactions with purines and theobromine proceeded with complete regioselectivity, affording exclusively N9- or N1-linked 6′-isonucleosides, respectively, the use of pyrimidine nucleobases led to N1 and/or N3-glucopyranosid-6′-yl pyrimidines and/or to N1,N3/2-O,4-O-pyrimidine-linked pseudodisaccharides through bis-coupling, depending on the substitution pattern of the sugar precursor and on the nature of the nucleobase. From this series of compounds, four were shown to be effective and selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase with inhibition constants in the micromolar concentration range. A tri-O-acetylated N1-glucopyranosid-6′-yl theobromine and a benzylated N1,N3-bis-glucopyranosid-6-yl thymine were the most active molecules with K
i values of 4 μM. A tri-O-benzylated glucopyranosid-6′-yl uracil displayed good and selective inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (K
i=8.4±1.0 μM), similar to that exhibited by the standard galantamine. Molecular docking simulations, performed with the two most effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showed interactions with key amino acid residues located at the enzyme’s active site gorge, which explain the competitive component of their inhibitory activities.
Mechanistic aspects of the stereospecific reduction of chiral hydroxyalkyl phosphinates and phosphine oxides
Authors: Lemouzy Sébastien , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Gatineau David , Giordano Laurent , Hérault Damien , Buono Gérard
Published: June 2016

We present recent advances in the understanding of the reduction of optically pure hydroxyalkylphosphinates and phosphine oxides, which represent key intermediates for the preparation of P-stereogenic ligands. Their reduction leads to P-chiral phosphinites and phosphines, respectively, and occurs stereospecifically with inversion of configuration using BH3·THF, which plays three roles: activating, reducing and protecting agent. The formation of by-products as hydroxyalkyl secondary phosphine–boranes has also been studied.
An easy approach to dihydrochalcones via chalcone in situ hydrogenation
Authors: Jesus Ana R. , Marques Ana P. , Rauter Amélia P.
Published: June 2016

Dihydrochalcones are polyphenols that exhibit a diversity of bioactivities, namely anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral. We have explored the synthetic access to such molecular entities, and describe now an easy and scalable approach based on reduction of the olefinic double bond of chalcone precursors via in situ hydrogenation with the system Et3SiH-Pd/C in very high yield. The intermediate chalcones were synthesized also by a simple and efficient microwave-assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation of aromatic aldehydes with acetophenones, conveniently protected with ethoxymethyl ether, if required. Chalcones were obtained as single reaction product in high yield in 2–3 h, while under conventional conditions at room temperature the reaction was carried out with completion only after 24 h. In addition, microwave irradiation has proven very efficient for deprotection of ethoxymethyl ether with iron chloride in only 10 min and very high yield.
Elements of nurses’ professional image in electronic media and their contexts. The opinion of professionally active nurses
Authors: Sykut Anna , Massalska Klaudia , Dobrowolska Beata
Published: June 2016

Aim. The aim of the research was to determine the elements of a nurses’ professional image, which most frequently appear in the media and the analysis of their connotations.

Material and method. A survey was conducted on 171 women and 10 men; professionally active nurses. The study was carried out in 2015 using a questionnaire created by the author.

Results. Among the most common elements influencing the nurses’ professional image in electronic media there were strikes/protests (54.1%) and the nurses’ external appearance (40.9%). The tone of the above mentioned elements was assessed by the respondents as indifferent. According to the surveyed nurses, the most infrequently appearing professional traits were: confidence (7.7%), independence (10.5%), honesty and conscientiousness (13.3%). The overtone of these elements was evaluated as indifferent except for the ‘independence’ which was described by 36.5% of the respondents as negative. According to the respondents, the efforts to improve the image in electronic media should be done by professional organizations of nurses and midwifes and the nurses themselves. The most important task that should be undertaken by professional organizations in order to improve the overall image would be to increase wages and improve nurses’ working conditions and their identification with the professional environment.

Conclusions. The most frequently appearing elements of the professional image of nurses in the electronic media were strikes and protests. Rarely such features of nurses and the profession as self-confidence, independence and honesty and conscientiousness were mentioned. Thus there is a great need for acting towards changing the nurses’ professional image in the electronic media.
Anwendung des Reziprozitätsverfahrens zur Kalibrierung von Elektretmikrofonen
Authors: Wiesner Thomas , Thaller Kurt , Zagar Bernhard G.
Published: June 2016

Die Durchführung von reproduzierbaren akustischen Messungen erfordert
den Einsatz von kalibrierten Mikrofonen. Für die Kalibrierung sind,
abhängig vom Einsatzzweck, mehrere Verfahren etabliert, wobei sich mit
dem Reziprozitätsverfahren die kleinsten Unsicherheiten erreichen
lassen. Üblicherweise werden mit diesem Verfahren als Labornormal
geeignete Typen von Kondensatormikrofonen mit externer Vorspannung
kalibriert. Da beim Reziprozitätsverfahren kein Referenzmikrofon
benötigt wird, ist seine Anwendung auch bei anderen Mikrofontypen und
geringeren Unsicherheitsanforderungen interessant. Die Kalibrierung
von Elektretmikrofonen nach diesem Verfahren wurde erfolgreich
getestet. Neben den Grundlagen des Verfahrens werden der verwendete
Versuchsaufbau für die Kalibrierung sowie die Messdatenauswertung im
Detail beschrieben. Für die im Mikrofondatenblatt angegebene
Empfindlichkeit bei 1 kHz wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung mit
den Messdaten erhalten.
Scannende Infrarotdeflektometrie für die Inspektion diffus spiegelnder Oberflächen
Authors: Höfer Sebastian , Beyerer Jürgen
Published: June 2016

Unter Infrarotdeflektometrie versteht man die Anwendung des Messprinzips der Deflektometrie im thermischen
Infrarotspektrum. Dadurch lässt sich ausnutzen, dass vor allem raue, metallische Oberflächen in diesem Spektrum spiegelnd
erscheinen und so eine deflektometrische Inspektion ermöglicht wird. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Problem der
Erzeugung der notwendigen thermischen Codemuster und deren Auswertung. Es werden verschiedene Ansätze vorgestellt, um
Oberflächen mit Hilfe eines Industrieroboters oder im Durchlauf zu inspizieren. Darüber hinaus wird zur Auswertung der
Muster zu einer Registrierung ein neues Verfahren vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse werden an praktisch relevanten Beispielen
demonstriert.
Regulierung von Entgelten und Gebühren in Netzwirtschaften
Authors: Gersdorf Hubertus
Published: June 2016

(Private und öffentliche) Monopole neigen zu Ineffizienzen. Im Rahmen des allgemeinen Kartellrechts und des sektorspezifischen Regulierungsrechts ist dafür Sorge getragen, dass solche Ineffizienzkosten auf die Verbraucher nicht übergewälzt werden können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob auch das öffentlich-rechtliche Gebührenrecht einen vergleichbaren Schutzstandard gewährt. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, ob die Vorschrift des § 130 Abs. 1 Satz 2 GWB, nach der sich die Kartellaufsicht nur auf privatrechtliche Entgelte, nicht aber auf öffentlich-rechtliche Gebühren erstreckt, von Verfassungs wegen Bestand hat.
BOX-BEHNKEN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MEDIATED OPTIMIZATION OF AQUEOUS METHYLPARATHION BIODEGRADATION BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa mpd STRAIN
Authors: Usharani Krishnaswamy , Lakshmanaperumalsamy Perumalsamy
Published: June 2016

Biotreatment of methylparathion was studied in aqueous mineral salts medium containing bacterial culture to demonstrate the potential of the novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mpd. A statistical Box–Behnken Design (BBD) of experiments was performed to evaluate the effects of individual operating variables and their interactions on the methylparathion removal with initial concentration of 1000 mg l-1 as fixed input parameter. The temperature (X1), pH (X2), reaction time (X3) and agitation (X4) were used as design factors. The result was shown that experimental data fitted with the polynomial model. Analysis of variance showed a high coefficient of determination value 0.9. The optimum biodegradation of MP in terms MP removal (Y1), COD removal (Y2) and TOC removal (Y3) were found to be 95.2 %, 82 % and 61.2 % respectively. The maximum growth (Y4) was 2.18 optical density (OD). The optimum biodegradation correspond to the factors combination of middle level of X1 (33 oC), X2 (7.0), X4 (150 rpm) and the highest level of X3 (96h). MP removal and its residues were detected using spectral analysis. The study demonstrates the optimum MP biodegradation potential of this strain could use MP as the sole Carbon/Phosphate source. BBD confirmed to be dependable in developing the model, optimizing factors and analyzing interaction effects. Data from this study will be helpful in the design of small-scale field experiments and subsequently an in situ methylparathion biotreatment system for field application.
THERMOPHILIC BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS RBS 5 ISOLATED FROM HOT TUNISIAN SPRING CO-PRODUCING ALKALINE AND THERMOSTABLE α-AMYLASE AND PROTEASE ENZYMES
Authors: Ben Salem Rakia , Salah Abbassi Mohamed , Cayol Jean-luc , Bourouis Amel , Mahrouki Sihem , Fardeau Marie-Laure , Belhadj Omrane
Published: June 2016

Bacillus licheniformis RBS 5 was isolated from thermal spring in Tunisia. The isolate coproduce α-amylase and protease enzymes. The α-amylase activity showed an optimal activity at approximately 65°C and in wide pH interval ranging from 4 to 9. This enzyme was stable over the range of 45 to 70°C after 30 min of incubation and in the pH range of 8 to 10. Protease activity was optimal; at 80°C, pH 12. This enzyme was stable until 60°C over the pH range of 10 to 12. EDTA at concentration of 5 mM reduces slightly both activities evoking the serine alkaline protease. Cationic ions (Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mg 2+) have an inhibition effect on α-amylase. However, protease activity was enhanced by Ca2+, Cu2+ and Mg 2+); the other cations reduce slightly the proteolytic activity. SDS and H2O2 were found as inhibitors for both activities whereas Triton X-100 and perfume have no effect. Taken together, these traits make protease activity of B. licheniformis RBS 5 as efficient for use in detergent industry.
SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL, CYTOTOXIC AND PESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF COCCINIA GRANDIS (L.) VOIGT
Authors: Faruk Hasan Md. , Sikdar Biswanath
Published: June 2016

This study was undertaken to assess the antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and pesticidal activities of Coccinia grandis roots extract. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method against some pathogenic microorganisms. Cytotoxicity was determined using brine shrimp lethality bioassay method. The plant extract was screened for pesticidal activity towards Sitophilus oryzae adults. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also studied against test organisms, using serial dilution technique to determine the antibacterial potency. In antibacterial screening, large inhibition zones were observed against the tested gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea and Stapphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae) bacteria. In antifungal screening, the extract showed moderate antifungal activities against the tested fungi (Candida albicans and Colletotrichum falcatum). In cytotoxicity activity test, LC50　(lethal concentration, 50%) of the extract against brine shrimp nauplii was 15.00µg/ml. The plant extract also showed moderate pesticidal activities towards S. oryzae adults. These results suggested that the plant extract has significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, moderate antifungal, cytotoxic and pesticidal activity towards the tested fungi, brine shrimp nauplii and S. oryzae adults, respectively.
Popular Music Celebrity Endorsements in Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing
Authors: Bragg Marie A. , Miller Alysa N. , Elizee Juleen , Dighe Shatabdi , Elbel Brian D.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

Food and beverage marketing has been associated with childhood obesity. We quantified the number and type of food or beverage brands promoted by music celebrities, assessed the nutritional quality of the products, and examined Teen Choice Award data to assess the celebrities’ popularity among adolescents.

METHODS:

This was a descriptive study. A list of music celebrities associated with the 2013 and 2014 Billboard Hot 100 Chart, which ranks songs according to sales and radio impressions, was compiled. Data on celebrity endorsements were gathered from official company Web sites, YouTube commercials, an advertising database, and media reports. Nutritional quality of foods was assessed according to the Nutrient Profile Index, whereas nonalcoholic beverages were evaluated based on calories from added sugar. Teen Choice Award nominations were used to measure the celebrities’ popularity among adolescents.

RESULTS:

Of the 590 endorsements made by the 163 celebrities in the sample, consumer goods (eg, fragrances, makeup) represented the largest endorsement category (26%), followed by food and beverage (18%) and retail (11%). Sixty-five celebrities were collectively associated with 57 different food and beverage brands owned by 38 parent companies. Of these 65 celebrities, 53 (81.5%) had ≥1 Teen Choice Award nomination. Forty-nine (71%) of the 69 nonalcoholic beverage references promoted sugar-sweetened beverages. Twenty-one (80.8%) of the 26 endorsed foods were energy dense and nutrient poor. Baauer, will.i.am, Justin Timberlake, Maroon 5, and Britney Spears had the most food and beverage endorsements.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrates that music celebrities who are popular among adolescents endorse energy-dense, nutrient-poor products.
Febrile Seizure Risk After Vaccination in Children 6 to 23 Months
Authors: Duffy Jonathan , Weintraub Eric , Hambidge Simon J. , Jackson Lisa A. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Klein Nicola P. , Lee Grace M. , Marcy S. Michael , Nakasato Cynthia C. , Naleway Allison , Omer Saad B. , Vellozzi Claudia , DeStefano Frank ,   on behalf of the Vaccine Safety Datalink
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

An increased risk of febrile seizure (FS) was identified with concomitant administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 13-valent during the 2010–2011 influenza season. Our objective was to determine whether concomitant administration of IIV3 with other vaccines affects the FS risk.

METHODS:

We examined the risk of FS 0 to 1 day postvaccination for all routinely recommended vaccines among children aged 6 through 23 months during a period encompassing 5 influenza seasons (2006–2007 through 2010–2011). We used a population-based self-controlled risk interval analysis with a control interval of 14 to 20 days postvaccination. We used multivariable regression to control for receipt of concomitant vaccines and test for interaction between vaccines.

RESULTS:

Only PCV 7-valent had an independent FS risk (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 3.91). IIV3 had no independent risk (IRR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21 to 1.02), but risk was increased when IIV3 was given with either PCV (IRR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.13 to 10.85) or a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis (DTaP)-containing vaccine (IRR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.52 to 8.07). The maximum estimated absolute excess risk due to concomitant administration of IIV3, PCV, and DTaP-containing vaccines compared with administration on separate days was 30 FS per 100 000 persons vaccinated.

CONCLUSIONS:

The administration of IIV3 on the same day as either PCV or a DTaP-containing vaccine was associated with a greater risk of FS than when IIV3 was given on a separate day. The absolute risk of postvaccination FS with these vaccine combinations was small.
First record of the rare aquatic dance fly Chelifera aperticauda Collin, 1927 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) from Slovakia
Authors: Oboňa Jozef , Baranová Beáta , Hrivniak Ľuboš , Kisková Katarína , Manko Peter , Słowińska Iwona
Published: June 2016

The scarce European dance fly Chelifera aperticauda Collin, 1927 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemer­odromiinae) is recorded for the first time from Slovakia. One male was found in the Pieniny Mts. The distribution and habitats of this species are reviewed and briefly discussed.
Accuracy of Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement–Model-Based Evaluation
Authors: Emery Robert W , Merritt Scott A , Lank Kathryn , Gibbs Jason D
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this model-based study was to determine the accuracy of placing dental implants using a new dynamic navigation system. This investigation focuses on measurements of overall accuracy for implant placement relative to the virtual plan in both dentate and edentulous models, and provides a comparison with a meta-analysis of values reported in the literature for comparable static guidance, dynamic guidance, and freehand placement studies. This study involves 1 surgeon experienced with dynamic navigation placing implants in models under clinical simulation using a dynamic navigation system (X-Guide, X-Nav Technologies, LLC, Lansdale, Pa) based on optical triangulation tracking. Virtual implants were placed into planned sites using the navigation system computer. Post–implant placement cone-beam scans were taken. These scans were mesh overlaid with the virtual plan and used to determine deviations from the virtual plan. The primary outcome variables were platform and angular deviations comparing the actual placement to the virtual plan. The angular accuracy of implants delivered using the tested device was 0.89° ± 0.35° for dentate case types and 1.26° ± 0.66° for edentulous case types, measured relative to the preoperative implant plan. Three-dimensional positional accuracy was 0.38 ± 0.21 mm for dentate and 0.56 ± 0.17 mm for edentulous, measured from the implant apex.