bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing a Collaborative, Emergent Syllabus of Communicative Performances in a Nursing English Course in Taiwan
Authors: Stocker Joel F. , Reddad Mohamed
Published: July 2013

Curriculum development research on nursing English in Taiwan has tended to end at needs analysis, offering little guidance on how to design and implement a course. Our objective was to examine how a course on workplace communication in English for nursing students in Taiwan would emerge in the classroom if teachers and students collaboratively generated language needs analysis and a syllabus of communicative performances. An action research approach was used to guide and document the teaching/learning and research process, and content analysis was used to examine and thematize the data. The research setting was an elective, one-semester nursing English course for students in a Bachelor of Science in nursing program in Taiwan. The participants were 16 third-year students whose first language is Mandarin Chinese, during their first semester of nursing practicum courses. Four types of interactional language (empirical, existential, transactional, discussion) and eight learning strategies emerged during weekly performance development. This study provides an innovative approach to course development in nursing English for foreign and second language users. Collaboratively developing an emergent syllabus of communicative performances in an action research framework can be a productive way to build an English health communication repertoire that is engaging, memorable, and adaptable.
Global Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Firms’ Linkages in the World City Network
Authors: Krätke Stefan
Published: July 2013

This article concentrates on the connectivity of global pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms in the contemporary ‘world city network’ that constitutes a ‘space of flows’ in which particular urban regions achieve an outstanding nodal centrality. World city network analyses have mostly concentrated on global service providers. Yet globally operating manufacturing firms also select distinct urban regions all across the world as locational anchoring points. Thus the network structures of distinct industrial sub-sectors need to be analysed in order to detect the differing nodal centralities and ‘sectoral profiles’ of cities functioning as geographical hubs of transnational production networks. A macro-scale analysis is presented of how the top 40 global firms in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry connected cities across the world in 2010. Subsequently, the nodal centralities of cities included in this sub-sector’s global network are compared with the findings of previous analyses that concentrate on the advanced producer services sector.
Evaluating Social Cognitive Theory in Action
Authors: Dooley T. Price , Schreckhise William D.
Published: July 2013

This study evaluates the Youth Development Program (YDP), a component of the federal Workforce Investment Act (WIA). We examine whether the YDP reduced dropout rates among youth in secondary schools in seven school districts in the impoverished Mississippi River Delta in southeast Arkansas. Initially, the program seems to have an impact. Students who participate in the program are less likely to drop out of school than students in a comparison group. However, when other factors are taken into consideration, such as whether the student was “over-age” for their grade (and thus likely had been “held back”), the effect that program participation had on the likelihood of dropping out disappears. In short, we find that when controlling for other factors, no statistically significant relationship exists between program participation and dropout rates. We discuss the implications of the WIA’s YDP failure and school retention programs, more broadly.
The Need for a Culturally Relevant Approach to Gifted Education
Authors: Ieridou Alexandra N.
Published: July 2013

This article presents an overview of the status of gifted education in Cyprus and argues for the need for a culturally relevant approach. First, the history of education in Cyprus is briefly reviewed. Then, past unsuccessful efforts to provide education for academically advanced students in the public elementary schools are critically examined. This is followed by a discussion of the current interest around the issue. Then, the need for a culturally relevant approach is presented as a solution to the paradox demanding special provisions while resisting the foreign educational practices that were introduced for this purpose. The idea of gifts and talents in the Greek culture is explored, presenting a person-centered philosophy that is compatible with the local social ethos. Finally, the current educational reality is examined against this person-centered belief, including a discussion of the inclusion movement and the barriers to the accommodation of the diversity of students’ abilities.
Histological Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids and ß2‐agonists on Laryngeal Mucosa in an Allergic Rat Model
Authors: Akpinar Meltem Esen , Tekke Nihal Seden , Yigit Ozgur , Ercan Feriha , Durna Yusuf , Kiran Demir
Published: July 2013

Objective

To constitute an animal model of laryngeal allergy and evaluate the laryngeal effects of inhaled corticosteroids and ß2‐agonists on the laryngeal mucosa in an allergic rat model.

Study Design

Prospective randomized.

Setting

The Experimental Medical Research Institute (DETAE) at Istanbul University.

Subjects and Methods

Wistar Albino rats (n = 32) were sensitized with ovalbumin. Unsensitized rats (n = 8) served as controls. The rats were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin (1%). On days 28 through 42, every 2 days preceeding ovalbumin exposure, rats were further exposed to aerosolized phosphate buffered saline (n = 8), fluticasone propionate (n = 8), salbutamol (n = 8), and combined salbutamol+fluticasone propionate (n = 8). Inflammatory cell infiltration was graded semi‐quantitatively. The quantitative data included mast cell count and degranulation. Ultrathin sections were investigated under transmission electron microscope.

Results

The simultaneous and pairwise comparison of groups (Kruskal‐Wallis) revealed statistically significant difference among groups at supraglottic level (critical P <. 05, <.01) and no difference at glottic level. In ovalbumin+phosphate buffered saline exposed rats, the light microscopy of supraglottic mucosa revealed regular epithelium with severe inflammatory cell infiltration and increased mast cell count. Electron microscopy revealed increased mast cell degranulation. Increased inflammatory cell infiltration was detected along with reduced mast cell count among fluticasone propionate treated rats. Mild inflammatory cell infiltration was encountered in combined salbutamol+fluticasone propionate treated rats.

Conclusion

This study supported the presence of localized allergic reaction in the supraglottic laryngeal mucosa through the observation of increased mast cell number and degranulation. It was also shown that inhaled corticosteroids increase inflammation whereas combined inhaled corticosteroids and ß2‐agonists minimize allergic and inflammatory reactions in supraglottic laryngeal mucosa providing a safer therapeutic option.
Assessment for Learning, a decade on: Self-reported assessment practices of secondary school music teachers in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Marina W. Y.
Published: July 2013

“Assessment for Learning” (Afl) is integral to the decade-old reform of Hong Kong education. To investigate the assessment practices of secondary music teachers in Hong Kong ostensibly following Afl, this quantitative study investigates the self-reported assessment practices and perception of assessment modes of Hong Kong secondary school music teachers ( n = 97) drawn from 120 secondary randomly selected schools. The reported data, with a response rate of 83.3% based on 30% of the target school population, comprises responses to a self-administered survey questionnaire. Key data results findings differ from McClung (1997) and here indicate that, regardless of the perceived difficulty of implementation, respondents favored as being more suitable for their students the practice of achievement-oriented assessments. Discussion of this key result supports Morris’s (1996) view that in Chinese societies teachers emphasize students’ achievement.
The failing Fontan: what’s NEXT…?
Authors: Sanders DB , Sowell SR , Park SS , Derby C , Willis BC , Lane JE , Pierce CN , Arabia FA , Pophal SG , Nigro JJ
Published: July 2013

The Fontan procedure represents the final stage of the transition to single ventricle physiology. Conversion of very complex congenital heart anatomy, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome, double-outlet right ventricle or double-inlet left ventricle, to a single ventricle has grown in popularity as morbidity and mortality have improved. As these patients grow, survivors are at risk for impaired ventricular dysfunction, plastic bronchitis, protein-losing enteropathy and late failure. Late failing Fontan patients represent a particularly vexing scenario for clinicians, as the only durable treatment option is cardiac transplantation. However, in the short-term, some of these patients require support beyond medical management, with mechanical circulatory support via extracorporeal life support or a ventricular assist device. We report the successful bridge of an adolescent female post-Fontan conversion with late severe cardiac failure. The patient was initially resuscitated with extracorporeal life support, transitioned to a single Berlin Heart EXCOR® ventricular assist device and, subsequently, underwent successful cardiac transplantation.
Learning human activities and object affordances from RGB-D videos
Authors: Koppula Hema Swetha , Gupta Rudhir , Saxena Ashutosh
Published: July 2013

Understanding human activities and object affordances are two very important skills, especially for personal robots which operate in human environments. In this work, we consider the problem of extracting a descriptive labeling of the sequence of sub-activities being performed by a human, and more importantly, of their interactions with the objects in the form of associated affordances. Given a RGB-D video, we jointly model the human activities and object affordances as a Markov random field where the nodes represent objects and sub-activities, and the edges represent the relationships between object affordances, their relations with sub-activities, and their evolution over time. We formulate the learning problem using a structural support vector machine (SSVM) approach, where labelings over various alternate temporal segmentations are considered as latent variables. We tested our method on a challenging dataset comprising 120 activity videos collected from 4 subjects, and obtained an accuracy of 79.4% for affordance, 63.4% for sub-activity and 75.0% for high-level activity labeling. We then demonstrate the use of such descriptive labeling in performing assistive tasks by a PR2 robot.
Optimality and Robustness in Multi-Robot Path Planning with Temporal Logic Constraints
Authors: Ulusoy Alphan , Smith Stephen L. , Ding Xu Chu , Belta Calin , Rus Daniela
Published: July 2013

In this paper we present a method for automatic planning of optimal paths for a group of robots that satisfy a common high-level mission specification. The motion of each robot is modeled as a weighted transition system, and the mission is given as a linear temporal logic (LTL) formula over a set of propositions satisfied at the regions of the environment. In addition, an optimizing proposition must repeatedly be satisfied. The goal is to minimize a cost function that captures the maximum time between successive satisfactions of the optimizing proposition while guaranteeing that the formula is satisfied. When the robots can follow a given trajectory exactly, our method computes a set of optimal satisfying paths that minimize the cost function and satisfy the LTL formula. However, if the traveling times of the robots are uncertain, then the robots may not be able to follow a given trajectory exactly, possibly violating the LTL formula during deployment. We handle such cases by leveraging the communication capabilities of the robots to guarantee correctness during deployment and provide bounds on the deviation from the optimal values. We implement and experimentally evaluate our method for various persistent surveillance tasks in a road network environment.
How music changes our lives: A qualitative study of the long-term effects of intense musical experiences
Authors: Schäfer Thomas , Smukalla Mario , Oelker Sarah-Ann
Published: July 2013

Intense musical experiences (IMEs) have proven to be of high significance for the people who have them. We investigated the long-term effects of such experiences on people’s way of life and developed a process model: (1) IMEs are characterized by altered states of consciousness, which leads to the experience of harmony and self-realization; (2) IMEs leave people with a strong motivation to attain the same harmony in their daily lives; (3) people develop manifold resources during an IME; (4) IMEs cause long-term changes to occur in people’s personal values, their perception of the meaning of life, social relationships, engagement, activities, and personal development. Results are discussed as they relate to spirituality and altered states of consciousness and conclusions are drawn from the process model that form a starting point for quantitative research. Results suggest that music can indeed change our lives – by making it more fulfilling, spiritual, and harmonious.
Ubuntu
Authors: Murove Munyaradzi Felix
Published: July 2013

In this article I am arguing that the concept of Ubuntu which means humanness was articulated against a situation of the dehumanization that was meted to the Africans during the eras of slavery and colonialism. It is further argued that since Ubuntu implies character qualities such as compassion, kindness, courtesy and respect for other persons, the ethic of Ubuntu remains indispensable to the reconstruction of post-colonial African societies. Ubuntu is indispensable to the post-colonial African quest for an identity in the spheres such as the public sector and the business sector because Ubuntu is mostly valued as the ideal for human conduct in all spheres of life. Lastly, I have also argued that because of its relational worldview and individual ontology, Ubuntu connected with the concept of Ukama implies that human existence cannot be separated from the generality of existence.
Black and White: Applying Derrida to Contradictory Experiences in an Art Therapy Group for Victims of Torture
Authors: Skaife Sally
Published: July 2013

This article applies the thinking of Jacques Derrida to contradictions raised in an art therapy group for victims of torture, in which the therapist was white and the group members black. It draws parallels between the hierarchical binaries of talk/art and white/black, understanding these pairs as both stemming from a mind/body binary. The paper explores whether Derrida’s deconstruction of the talk/art binary might facilitate the deconstruction of the white/black and colonizer/colonized binaries, with the purpose of preventing us repeating patterns of domination as well as in keeping us open to the ‘other’.
From Conflict to Recognition: Cultural Transformation through Group Supervision in Guatemala
Authors: Rohr Elisabeth
Published: July 2013

In this article I am describing a group analytic supervision training in a post-war society that turned out to be a challenge on a personal, theoretical and procedural level. Described is not only the political context of the training, but also difficulties and conflicts that arose in the training group, mirroring unconscious cultural defences and anxieties. Focusing on the group’s disturbing transgression of boundaries it was finally possible to understand these acts as manifestations of a hidden psychosocial trauma in the group. On the basis of this slowly growing process of understanding, the group managed to open up for new theoretical perspectives and unknown methodological approaches. Participants of the training finally dared to apply their newly acquired knowledge and capacities as supervisors in one of the most sensitive political institutions of the country, and as the evaluation showed, did so most successfully.
The chemoprotective effects of l-carnitine against genotoxicity induced by diazinon in rat blood lymphocyte
Authors: Shadboorestan Amir , Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Ahangar Nematollah , Abdollahi Mohammad , Omidi Mahmood , Payam Sakine Sadat Hosseini
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the preventive effects of l-carnitine (LC) against DNA damage induced by diazinon (DZN) in rat blood lymphocytes. Animals were concurrently administered intraperitoneally with DZN in proper solvent (20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and LC at three different doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 consecutive days. The positive control group received DZN at the same dose without LC. Twenty-four hour after last injection, 0.5 ml blood of each rat was received and cultured in culture medium for 44 h. The lymphocyte cultures were mitogenically stimulated with cytochalasin B for the evaluation of the number of micronuclei (MNs) in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. Incubation of lymphocytes with DZN induced additional genotoxicity and was shown by increase in MNs frequency in rat lymphocytes. LC at all doses had a protective effect and significantly reduced the MNs frequency in cultured lymphocytes ( p < 0.0001– p < 0.05). The maximum effect was observed at 150 mg/kg that reduced the frequency of MN from 12.78 ± 0.24% for DZN group to 5.61 ± 0.17%. Our study revealed that LC has a potent antigenotoxic effect against DZN-induced toxicity in rats, which may be due to the scavenging of free radicals and increased antioxidant status. Since LC is a natural compound and is being safe, it is recommended as a daily supplement for body defense against side effects induced by chemical hazardous agents.
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: review and recommendations for screening and management
Authors: Smyczek Petra , Singh Ameeta E , Romanowski Barbara
Published: July 2013

Anal cancer is a rare malignancy of the distal gastrointestinal tract, often associated with human papillomavirus, the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Currently available screening methods for anal intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor for anal cancer, combine anal Papanicolaou cytology and high resolution anoscopy with biopsy of suspicious lesions. Significant barriers to establishing anal cancer screening programmes include the small number of healthcare professionals performing high resolution anoscopy and the lack of data showing that anal cancer screening can reduce morbidity and mortality related to anal carcinoma. Despite several controversies surrounding anal cancer screening, the rising incidence of this disease in some groups supports routine screening programmes in high-risk populations, especially in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

This review outlines the epidemiology of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer and summarizes issues related to the introduction of anal cancer screening programmes.
Hepatitis E virus infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in an endemic area in Iran
Authors: Ramezani Amitis , Velayati Ali Akbar , Khorami-Sarvestani Sara , Eslamifar Ali , Mohraz Minoo , Banifazl Mohammad , Bidari-Zerehpoosh Farahnaz , Yaghmaei Farhad , McFarland Willi , Foroughi Maryam , Keyvani Hossein , Mostafavi Ehsan , Aghakhani Arezoo
Published: July 2013

Some studies have suggested that hepatitis E virus is more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and can progress to chronic infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies and RNA in a series of 100 HIV-infected patients in Tehran, Iran, with comparison to 52 healthy HIV, hepatitis B and C-negative blood donors as controls. HIV-infected patients were also tested for hepatitis E virus-RNA. Among the HIV-infected patients, 10% had antibodies to hepatitis E virus – a finding not significantly different from the uninfected controls (11.5%). No HIV-infected patients had hepatitis E virus IgM antibodies nor did any have detectable hepatitis E virus-RNA. We found no associations between anti-hepatitis E virus IgG-seropositivity and age, sex, route of HIV acquisition, aminotransferases levels, CD4, antiretroviral therapy, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection. Hepatitis E virus is relatively prevalent in our HIV-infected patients, although without evidence of chronic infection and no more common than among HIV-negative controls or the general population. For the present, we do not recommend routine screening for hepatitis E virus infection in HIV-infected patients in our moderately endemic region.
Women Are More Likely to Wear Red or Pink at Peak Fertility
Authors: Beall Alec T. , Tracy Jessica L.
Published: July 2013

Although females of many species closely related to humans signal their fertile window in an observable manner, often involving red or pink coloration, no such display has been found for humans. Building on evidence that men are sexually attracted to women wearing or surrounded by red, we tested whether women show a behavioral tendency toward wearing reddish clothing when at peak fertility. Across two samples ( N = 124), women at high conception risk were more than 3 times more likely to wear a red or pink shirt than were women at low conception risk, and 77% of women who wore red or pink were found to be at high, rather than low, risk. Conception risk had no effect on the prevalence of any other shirt color. Our results thus suggest that red and pink adornment in women is reliably associated with fertility and that female ovulation, long assumed to be hidden, is associated with a salient visual cue.
Investigating the temporal dynamics of Internet activities
Authors: Ren Fang , Kwan Mei-Po , Schwanen Tim
Published: July 2013

The temporal dimensions of Internet use have been primarily examined as daily or weekly totals in the literature, which ignores other important structural dimensions of time and the contextual nature of Internet use. Using event history analysis, this study provides a nuanced analysis of the timing and duration of Internet use with an Internet-activity diary dataset collected in Columbus (Ohio, USA) in 2003–2004. Compared to the analysis of daily totals, the fine-grained analysis reveals that besides social, demographic, and geographic factors, the attributes of Internet episodes, such as activity purpose, also significantly affect both the timing and duration, and these temporal dimensions of Internet use are also connected.
Simultaneous detection of five major serotypes of Avian coronavirus by a multiplex microsphere-based assay
Authors: Roh Ha-Jung , Hilt Deborah A. , Jackwood Mark W.
Published: July 2013

Avian coronavirus (commonly known as Infectious bronchitis virus [IBV]) is of major economic importance to commercial chicken producers worldwide. Due to the existence of multiple serotypes and variants of the virus that do not cross-protect, it is important to diagnose circulating serotypes and choose the right vaccine type for successful protection. In an effort to improve conventional diagnostic tests, a microsphere-based assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of the most common IBV vaccine serotypes in the United States: Arkansas (Ark), Connecticut (Conn), Massachusetts (Mass), Delaware (DE072), and Georgia 98 (GA98). The analytical specificity and sensitivity, and diagnostic specificity and sensitivity, were evaluated. The microsphere-based assay was highly specific to designated serotypes and generated reproducible data. Comparing the microsphere-based assay to nucleotide sequencing, the 2 methods agreed more than 93% (kappa value > .77). In addition, the microsphere-based assay could detect coinfections in clinical samples. The results demonstrate the utility of the microsphere-based assay as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool with the potential for high throughput diagnosis.
Put your money where your mouth is: Reciprocity, social preferences, trust and contributions to public goods
Authors: Dijkstra Jacob
Published: July 2013

It is argued that trust and positive social preferences promote public goods production. However, public goods produced by any in-group may have favourable or unfavourable consequences for out-groups (called ‘benign’ and ‘malignant’ public goods, respectively). I develop a theoretical model of heterogeneous reciprocity preferences and report two experiments relating trust, social preferences and in-group bias to contributions to benign and malignant public goods. The results allow four general conclusions: (i) contributions to benign public goods are (weakly) higher than contributions to malignant ones; (ii) general trust is at best weakly related to contributions to both types of public goods; (iii) the expectation that others contribute is positively related to contributions to both types of public goods; and (iv) social preferences are positively related to contributions to benign public goods and unrelated to contributions to malignant public goods, while in-group bias is negatively related to contributions to both public goods.
What kind of game is everyday interaction?
Authors: Vollmer Hendrik
Published: July 2013

This paper discusses the compatibility of Thomas Schelling’s concept of coordination games with microsociological analyses of everyday interaction offered, among others, by Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel. This compatibility is based on the mutual premise that participants of everyday interaction are continuously involved in the tacit coordination of expectations. Whereas game theory focuses on distinct patterns of interdependence between participants, microsociologists have been pointing to principles of affirmation adhered to by participants of everyday interaction in establishing and preserving coordination. Tacit coordination of expectations is complemented by signalling and by processes of framing, explored by Goffman in terms of keys and frames and by game theorists in terms of correlated equilibrium selection and signalling games. Implications for social theory are discussed, particularly with respect to welfare aspects of everyday interaction.
A novel approach for the fast detection of black holes in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Serrat-Olmos Manuel D , Hernández-Orallo Enrique , Cano Juan-Carlos , Calafate Carlos T , Manzoni Pietro
Published: July 2013

Mobile ad hoc networks are infrastructure-less wireless networks that rely on node cooperation to properly work. In this kind of networks, attack detection and reaction is a key issue to the whole network. The most common threat in mobile ad hoc network scenarios consists in the presence of a certain percentage of selfish nodes, which try to reduce the consumption of their own resources to prolong their battery lifetime. Those nodes do not collaborate on forwarding activities, therefore affecting the overall network performance. Watchdogs are well-known mechanisms to detect threats and attacks from misbehaved and selfish nodes in computer networks. The problem behind the use of watchdogs is that while they can be quite effective in detecting selfishness by using their traffic overhearing behaviour, they can also cause a relatively high level of false negatives, thereby reducing their accuracy. This article proposes a collaborative approach for detecting selfish nodes in mobile ad hoc networks. It is based on using a set of collaborative watchdogs, which collaborate to enhance their individual and collective performance. By using both an analytical study and simulation, we demonstrate that our approach is able to improve accuracy and detection speed, while reducing the impact of false-negative events.
C-erbB2/HER2 in Human Gliomas, Medulloblastomas, and Meningiomas
Authors: Waage Ingunn Syversen , Vreim Ingeborg , Torp Sverre Helge
Published: July 2013

C- erbB2/HER2 serves as an important prognostic and predictive biomarker in various human tumors, especially in breast cancer, whereas its role in human intracranial tumors is more uncertain. We therefore performed a search in PubMed to get an update. This literature review comprises immunohistochemical studies on the clinical significance of c- erbB2/HER2 overexpression in gliomas, medulloblastomas, and meningiomas. In general, the findings were discrepant with regard to correlations between overexpression, tumor grade, and prognosis. Use of various antibodies may be a contributing factor to these discrepancies. Standardization of the immunohistochemical procedures is a relevant topic for discussion.
Low-frequency dynamics of an electrorheological fluid in squeeze and shear mode. Part I: experiments
Authors: Norrick N , Dohnal F , Bauer J
Published: July 2013

Electrorheological fluids (ERFs) offer a rapid control of damping using very low power requirements. Different models have been proposed to simulate the hysteresis phenomenon observed experimentally in ERF. This paper describes the steps to be taken to extract measurements of an ERF in squeeze and shear mode. A novel modular test facility was designed to perform measurements of a specific ERF in squeeze and shear mode. This device allows the measurement of the dynamic response of the fluid under various excitation conditions. Dense measurement grids of fluid force and electrode displacement at harmonic excitation are collected in dependency of the excitation frequency, the displacement amplitude and the applied electric field. The main problems to be solved during the setup and execution of the measurements are discussed. The steps to be taken during signal processing to achieve high-quality measurements as inputs for material model fitting are described in detail. Example measurements for both squeeze and shear mode are presented. The fitting of the obtained results to a material model for ERF and discussion of the resulting extended Bouc–Wen model will be the topic of an accompanying paper.
Comparison of fractional derivative models for finite deformation with experiments of impulse response
Authors: Fukunaga Masataka , Shimizu Nobuyuki
Published: July 2013

In constructing a three-dimensional fractional derivative model for viscoelastic materials, difference of interpretation of strain in the fractional derivative results in many types of nonlinear models. In this paper, some nonlinear models are compared with experimental results of a polymer gel. In the experiment a weight was collided in the vertical direction on the upper free surface of a cylindrically shaped gel with the bottom side fixed. Then, the acceleration and the displacement of the contact surface between the weight and the gel are observed. In the models, deformation of the gel is approximated by the uniaxial compression of incompressible materials. Each model considered in this paper reproduces well the acceleration data in the early stage. However, differences between the calculated responses among the models begin to appear around the maximum point of the acceleration when the compression speed slows down. It is shown that incompressible models based on the weakly compressible approximations give good fits.
Inverse optimal control for permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Wei Qiang , Wang Xing-Yuan , Hu Xiao-Peng
Published: July 2013

This paper analyzes the chaotic phenomenon of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) when it is turned off and what effect research parameters of PMSM have on chaos in the PMSM. Linear feedback controller is designed based on the inverse optimal control method. This method is simple and avoids a great amount of computation. In theory, a chaotic system can be asymptotically stable to zero by the controller. Numerical simulations further test the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
A new structuring element for multi-scale morphology analysis and its application in rolling element bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Chen Qiong , Chen Zhaowen , Sun Wei , Yang Guoan , Palazoglu Ahmet , Ren Zhongqi
Published: July 2013

The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings play an important role in the safe and reliable operation of rotating machinery. Feature extraction based on vibration signals is an effective means to identify the operating condition of rolling element bearings. Methods based on multi-scale mathematical morphology (MM) have recently been developed to extract features from one-dimensional signals. In this paper, a new double-dot structuring element (SE) is constructed for multi-scale MM. A pattern spectrum, obtained from the multi-scale MM, is used as a feature extraction index. A correlation analysis gives the final identification result by utilizing information over a whole pattern spectrum. Compared with the most commonly used flat SE, the double-dot SE can extract more features of original signals at different scales. Vibration signals, measured from defective bearings with outer race faults, inner race faults and ball faults, are used to evaluate the fault detection ability of the proposed SE and bearing fault diagnosis method. Results show that faults at different levels can be identified, including ball fault; and the location of outer race fault can also be differentiated.
Outdoor Becoming Thinking With Data Dewey Derrida Deleuze
Authors: Reinertsen Anne B.
Published: July 2013

This article is about improving and expanding on our assessment practices in schools. It is about subjective judgment and autonomy coming together in policies and pedagogies of body and place. It is about performance as/in viable and liable words. It implies a linguistic move from infralanguage to an onto-ontological Derridean heliotropic word awareness and, further, the creation and use of onto-epistemological Deleuzian aoins. The backdrop, thus also data, is an outdoor education project in a high school in Norway. It is called a “joy for life” project aiming to positively contribute to students’ learning, but also to their health and well-being. Through this article it is a goal to show that constant transversal ethical and/or moral-as intrarelational analytical-deliberations are pivotal in intensity moments of assessment and Dewey has been/is always.
The Mediating Effect of Team Engagement between Team Cognitions and Team Outcomes in Service-Management Teams
Authors: Guchait Priyanko
Published: July 2013

Prior research has focused more on employee engagement than team engagement. The current work presents a theoretical framework proposing the antecedents and consequences of team engagement. Antecedents of team engagement include two types of team cognitions (shared mental models and transactive memory systems). Consequences of team engagement include team performance and team satisfaction. A longitudinal study was conducted with 27 service-management teams involving 178 students in a restaurant setting. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicate the (a) direct relationships between team cognitions and team engagement, and between team engagement and team outcomes, and (b) mediation effects of team engagement.
Aid Effectiveness and Governance Reforms: Applying realist principles to a complex synthesis across varied cases
Authors: Betts Julia
Published: July 2013

This article describes an attempt to synthesize results from four major multi-partner evaluations applying a realist approach. The article argues that synthesizing the results of these four major evaluations proved possible applying (part of) a realistic approach, and also reveals some of the limitations of the realist model as experienced by a very complex synthesis exercise. The researchers identify the concepts and approaches of the realist model that provided a supportive framework for synthesizing a very broad and diverse range of evidence, and which helped convert the findings into accessible outputs to support policy decisions. Lessons learned are extracted in the hope of supporting others facing similar tasks.
Using case studies to explore the external validity of ‘complex’ development interventions
Authors: Woolcock Michael
Published: July 2013

Rising standards for accurately inferring the impact of development projects has not been matched by equivalently rigorous procedures for guiding decisions about whether and how similar results might be expected elsewhere. These ‘external validity’ concerns are especially pressing for ‘complex’ development interventions, in which the explicit purpose is often to adapt projects to local contextual realities and where high quality implementation is paramount to success. A basic analytical framework is provided for assessing the external validity of complex development interventions. It argues for deploying case studies to better identify the conditions under which diverse outcomes are observed, focusing in particular on the salience of contextual idiosyncrasies, implementation capabilities and trajectories of change. Upholding the canonical methodological principle that questions should guide methods, not vice versa, is required if a truly rigorous basis for generalizing claims about likely impact across time, groups, contexts and scales of operation is to be discerned for different kinds of development interventions.
Strategies to maximize generalization from multiple case studies: Lessons from the Africa Routine Immunization System Essentials (ARISE) project
Authors: Mookherji Sangeeta , LaFond Anne
Published: July 2013

This article considers the challenges of generalizability related to case studies, and specifically for the in-depth case studies of the Africa Routine Immunization System Essentials (ARISE) project. The article describes how these challenges were addressed, by developing a Theory of Change to frame case selection strategies, data collection, and analysis, including synthesis of findings across multiple cases. The authors then consider: the importance of grounding generalizability in theory; balancing within-and cross-case analyses for synthesis; and using theory-based case selection, as ways to support generalizability of the case study findings. Multiple case studies should sequence analysis as: 1) within-case analysis; 2) identification of replicated findings and implementation variation across cases; and 3) synthesis across cases, pooling the data. Case selection should be a stand-alone, formative part of case study research. The lessons from the ARISE case studies suggest that these are important ways in which case study methodology can be strengthened.
Evaluating complex social interventions in a complex world
Authors: Byrne David
Published: July 2013

The social world is complex and emergent. Inquiry, directed towards establishing universal empirical regularities (i.e. nomothetic inquiry), cannot establish causality in such a world. We can never assign a causal effect to any intervention without assessing the whole context of that intervention. However, we can develop generalizable knowledge if we adopt research approaches that recognize both the implications of assigning causal powers to context (the essence of the realist take on evaluation) and the significance of human agency in relation to ‘the social type of causal nexus’. There are literatures that can contribute to developing such knowledge. These include macro-political science’s concern with the importance of temporal ordering in relation to outcomes; Ragin’s set theoretic understanding of causal relations and his development of systematic comparison as a basis for explicating those relations through Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA); and the presentation of causal narratives as foundation for process tracing. Every complex social intervention has to be considered as a ‘case’. Systematic comparison across cases allows us to generalize within limits – but this still means we can transfer knowledge beyond the unique ideographically described instance. We can never establish universal/nomothetic accounts of causality in complex systems by using variable-based methods such as Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). However, through careful comparison and exploration of complex contingent causation, we can begin to get a handle on what works where (in what context), when (in what temporal context), and in what order.
Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations
Authors: Yin Robert K.
Published: July 2013

Validity and generalization continue to be challenging aspects in designing and conducting case study evaluations, especially when the number of cases being studied is highly limited (even limited to a single case). To address the challenge, this article highlights current knowledge regarding the use of: (1) rival explanations, triangulation, and logic models in strengthening validity, and (2) analytic generalization and the role of theory in seeking to generalize from case studies. To ground the discussion, the article cites specific practices and examples from the existing literature as well as from the six preceding articles assembled in this special issue. Throughout, the article emphasizes that current knowledge may still be regarded as being at its early stage of development, still leaving room for more learning. The article concludes by pointing to three topics worthy of future methodological inquiry, including: (1) examining the connection between the way that initial evaluation questions are posed and the selection of the appropriate evaluation method in an ensuing evaluation, (2) the importance of operationally defining the ‘complexity’ of an intervention, and (3) raising awareness about case study evaluation methods more generally.
Kierkegaard and Indirect Communication
Authors: Herrmann Andrew F.
Published: July 2013

Scholars have largely overlooked philosopher Soren Kierkegaard’s thoughts on occupational, vocational, and work topics, although he did concern himself with occupational topics. This theoretical piece explores Kierkegaard’s concept of “leveling” ( Nivelleringen), connecting it to human resource development (HRD) and organizational socialization processes, which are often conducted by HRD departments. Organizational socialization is important as it provides newcomers with functional and cultural information. Similar to the concept of leveling, however, organizational socialization can provide employees with taken-for-granted socially constructed definitions of the self. This article proposes expanding edification and capability for individuals in the workplace via Kierkegaardian indirect communication in HRD and organizational socialization practices.
A Review of Diversity Conceptualizations
Authors: Qin John , Muenjohn Nuttawuth , Chhetri Prem
Published: July 2013

In an attempt to develop a means for researchers to reach a common understanding of the substantive meaning of diversity, this article first reviews different approaches to diversity conceptualizations, identifying three common threads that are incorporated in various diversity definitions. Our discussion examines the variety of diversity conceptualizations by addressing the three key aspects that present two general trends that emerge in the literature. We then propose a framework to unify the fragmented definitions and understandings of diversity. The implications for practice and future research are also discussed.
Mood and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Totawar Abhishek Kumar , Nambudiri Ranjeet
Published: July 2013

The relationship between an individuals’ mood and perceived self-efficacy (SE) has been of fundamental interest for organizational researchers. However, the causality of this relationship has not been agreed upon in existing research. While one set of studies propose that mood influences SE the contrasting view contends that this relationship is not significant. The article presents a conceptual model on the relationship between mood and SE, positioning hedonic and utilitarian motivation as moderators of this relationship. The literature concerning these constructs is reviewed and linkages between them are examined. A four-quadrant framework delineating the impact of hedonic and utilitarian motivation on the relationship between mood and SE is proposed. Propositions are built around this framework and implications for human resource development are discussed.
Spontaneous Renal Artery Aneurysm Rupture in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Without Risk Factors for Renal Artery Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Niwa Naoya , Yanaihara Hitoshi , Horinaga Minoru , Nakahira Yoko , Hanashima Fuminari , Asakura Hirotaka
Published: July 2013

Vascular abnormalities in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) are rare but sometimes fatal. We report a case of spontaneous rupture of a left renal artery aneurysm in a patient with NF-1. A 41-year-old nonpregnant normotensive woman known to have NF-1 presented to our emergency department with left flank pain. Computed tomography showed a large retroperitoneal hematoma due to left renal artery aneurysm rupture. She was treated with selective transcatheter coil embolization and fully recovered.
Comanagement of Geriatric Patients With Hip Fractures
Authors: Rocca Gregory J. Della , Moylan Kyle C. , Crist Brett D. , Volgas David A. , Stannard James P. , Mehr David R.
Published: July 2013

The objective of this 3-year retrospective, controlled, cohort study is to characterize an interdisciplinary method of managing geriatric patients with hip fracture. All patients aged 65 years or older admitted to a single academic level I trauma center during a 3-year period with an isolated hip fracture were included as participants for this study. Thirty-one geriatric patients with hip fracture were treated with historical methods of care (cohort 1). The comparison group of 115 similar patients was treated under a newly developed, institutional comanagement hip fracture protocol (cohort 2). There were no differences in age, sex distribution, or comorbidity distribution between the 2 cohorts. Patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission decreased significantly from 48% in cohort 1 to 23% in cohort 2 ( P = .0091). Length of ICU stay for patients requiring ICU admission also decreased significantly, from a mean of 8.1 days in cohort 1 to 1.8 days in cohort 2 ( P = .024). Total hospital stay decreased significantly, from a mean of 9.9 days in cohort 1 to 7.1 days in cohort 2 ( P = .021). Although no decrease in in-hospital mortality rates was noted from cohort 1 to cohort 2, a trend toward decreased 1-year mortality rates was seen after implementation of the hip fracture protocol. Hospital charges decreased significantly, from US$52 323 per patient in cohort 1 to US$38 586 in cohort 2 ( P = .0183). Implementation of a comanagement protocol for care of geriatric patients with hip fracture, consisting of admission to a geriatric primary care service, standardized perioperative assessment regimens, expeditious surgical treatment, and continued primary geriatric care postoperatively, resulted in reductions in lengths of stay, ICU admissions, and hospital costs per patient. On an annualized basis, this represented a savings of over US$700 000 for our institution.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor usage, treatment outcome, and prognostic scores in CML: report from the population-based Swedish CML registry
Authors: Höglund Martin , Sandin Fredrik , Hellström Karin , Björeman Mats , Björkholm Magnus , Brune Mats , Dreimane Arta , Ekblom Marja , Lehmann Sören , Ljungman Per , Malm Claes , Markevärn Berit , Myhr-Eriksson Kristina , Ohm Lotta , Olsson-Strömberg Ulla , Själander Anders , Wadenvik Hans , Simonsson Bengt , Stenke Leif , Richter Johan
Published: July 2013

Key Points

Patients up to age 70 years with CML treated within a decentralized health care setting had a relative survival close to 1.0. Sokal, but not EUTOS, score at diagnosis predicted overall and relative survival in a population-based cohort of patients with CML.