bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Time-Oscillating Hartree-Type Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Chen Xu
Published: June 2014

We consider the time-oscillating Hartree-type Schrödinger equationiut+Δu+θωtx-γ*u2u=0, whereθis a periodic function. For the mean valueI(θ)ofθ, we show that the solutionuωconverges to the solution ofiUt+ΔU+Iθx-γ*U2U=0for their local well-posedness and global well-posedness.
Outcome in Phospholamban R14del Carriers
Authors: van Rijsingen Ingrid A.W. , van der Zwaag Paul A. , Groeneweg Judith A. , Nannenberg Eline A. , Jongbloed Jan D.H. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Pinto Yigal M. , dit Deprez Ronald H. Lekanne , Post Jan G. , Tan Hanno L. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Hauer Richard N.W. , Christiaans Imke , van den Berg Maarten P. , van Tintelen J. Peter , Wilde Arthur A.M.
Published: June 2014

Background—

The pathogenic phospholamban R14del mutation causes dilated and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies and is associated with an increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and end-stage heart failure. We performed a multicentre study to evaluate mortality, cardiac disease outcome, and risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in a cohort of phospholamban R14del mutation carriers.

Methods and Results—

Using the family tree mortality ratio method in a cohort of 403 phospholamban R14del mutation carriers, we found a standardized mortality ratio of 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4–2.0) with significant excess mortality starting from the age of 25 years. Cardiological data were available for 295 carriers. In a median follow-up period of 42 months, 55 (19%) individuals had a first episode of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and 33 (11%) had an end-stage heart failure event. The youngest age at which a malignant ventricular arrhythmia occurred was 20 years, whereas for an end-stage heart failure event this was 31 years. Independent risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias were left ventricular ejection fraction <45% and sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia with hazard ratios of 4.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.9–8.1) and 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.5–4.5), respectively.

Conclusions—

Phospholamban R14del mutation carriers are at high risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias and end-stage heart failure, with left ventricular ejection fraction <45% and sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia as independent risk factors. High mortality and a poor prognosis are present from late adolescence. Genetic and cardiac screening is, therefore, advised from adolescence onwards.
The Free Europe University in Strasbourg: U.S. State-Private Networks and Academic “Rollback”
Authors: Scott-Smith Giles
Published: June 2014

The Free Europe Committee (FEC, known from 1949 to 1952 as the National Committee for a Free Europe) was created in June 1949 in line with George Kennan's push for a greater mobilization of the private sector in U.S. political warfare against the Soviet Union. An oft-mentioned but little-explored part of the FEC conglomerate was the Free Europe University in Exile (FEUE), established in Strasbourg in 1951. This article focuses on four Americans who played lesser-known but, in their individual ways, central roles in the formation and running of the FEUE: James Burnham (the consultant), DeWitt Poole (the diplomat), Royall Tyler (the point man), and Adolf Berle (the intellectual). By tracking their input, the impulses that led to FEUE's formation, and its eventual demise, the article presents the university as a microcosm not just of the large-scale FEC operation but also of various strands that fed into U.S. political warfare as a whole.
Scorescapes: On Sound, Environment and Sonic Consciousness
Authors: Harris Yolande
Published: June 2014

The author discusses Scorescapes, an artistic research project that investigates how sound mediates our relationship to the environment and how contemporary multidisciplinary art practices can articulate this. Scorescapes joins the author’s own artistic practice with a theoretical analysis that highlights how relationships to the environment drawn through sound are profoundly bound up with technology. Key concepts include: making the inaudible audible; underwater sound and cetacean communication; field recordings and the contextual basis of sound; typologies of listening; the score as relationship; and techno-intuition.
Reading Trees
Authors: EBACH MALTE C. , WILLIAMS DAVID M.
Published: June 2014

Are birds dinosaurs? Answers to this question yield various responses, depending on a particular viewpoint. From the perspective of a common understanding of recent theories of the origin of birds and their potential precursor (ancestral) animals, then, yes, birds are a kind of dinosaur, having evolved from one or another non-avian dinosaur (Bostwick 2003). From the perspective of public understanding of science (how to inform the general public of biology’s latest findings), then, yes, birds are dinosaurs, at least they are a kind of dinosaur, one that young children can actually hold in their hands (e.g., Maugh 2012). These two perspectives, largely derived from phylogenetic reasoning, contrast with the perspective from classification, which asks different questions: What are birds; what are dinosaurs; and how are they related to one another? Addressing these questions raises the issue of trees in classification (phylogenetic or otherwise) and how to read them. This is not as easy a task as is often suggested in the recent literature on tree-reading and tree-thinking (first noted long ago by O’Hara 1988, see Baum and Smith 2012 for a first book-length treatment).                      The role of tree-thinking in classification is applied after a tree has been constructed and natural groups established. For instance, it would seem premature to infer phylogenies on poorly classified taxa, such as invertebrates, reptiles and so on, as these groupings are artificial. Doing so would only result in erroneous hypotheses that cannot be substantiated. The role of classification, however, is to make sure that the natural groups are justified, and in order to do this it is vital that those groups are understood. Birds represent a monophyletic group, which has series of unique characteristics that it shares with other theropods (i.e., bipedal saurischian dinosaurs). Dinosaurs, as usually conceived, are a group of non-monophyletic organisms that variously share closer characteristics (i.e., relationships) with other taxa rather than uniquely among themselves. In the case of dinosaurs (as Dinosauria) and classification, what is at stake is a taxonomic name, rather than a unique group of character traits. Below we outline and compare two contrasting ways of reading trees, one way, concerned with classification, yielding the view that, no, birds are not dinosaurs.
Taxonomic revision of the Australian arid zone lizards Gehyra variegata and G. montium (Squamata, Gekkonidae) with description of three new species
Authors: HUTCHINSON MARK N. , SISTROM MARK J. , DONNELLAN STEPHEN C. , HUTCHINSON RHONDA G.
Published: June 2014

The taxonomy of central Australian populations of geckos of the genus Gehyra has been uncertain since chromosomal studies carried out in the 1970s and 1980s revealed considerable heterogeneity and apparently independent patterns of morphological and karyotypic diversity. Following detailed molecular genetic studies, species boundaries in this complex have become clearer and we here re-set the boundaries of the three named species involved, G. variegata (Duméril & Bibron, 1836), G. montium Storr, 1982, and G. nana King, 1982, and describe three new species. Two of the new species, G. moritzi and G. pulingka, include populations formerly assigned to either G. montium or G. nana Storr, 1982, while the third, G. versicolor, includes all of the eastern Australian populations formerly assigned to G. variegata.
Six new species of Hylotribus Jekel, 1860 from Brazil (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae, Discotenini)
Authors: DE QUEI FERNANDO LUIZ CUNHA AVILA VILLAR , MERMUDES JOSÉ RICARDO M.
Published: June 2014

Hylotribus Jekel, 1860 is a distinct genus of South American Anthribidae characterized by a fragmented antebasal pronotal carina, and includes nine species, eight of which are endemic to Chile, and one species from Peru. We here describe and illustrate six new species from the Atlantic Rainforest biome in Brazil based on unidentified material deposited in various collections: Hylotribus fluminensis Queiroz & Mermudes sp. nov. (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State); Hylotribus sublimis Queiroz & Mermudes sp. nov. (Campos do Jordão, São Paulo State); Hylotribus plaumanni Queiroz & Mermudes sp. nov. (Seara, Santa Catarina State); Hylotribus frontispeltastes Queiroz & Mermudes sp. nov. (São José do Barreiro, Serra da Bocaina, São Paulo State and Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais State); Hylotribus gauchus Queiroz & Mermudes sp. nov. (Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State); and Hylotribus involucer Queiroz & Mermudes sp. nov. (São José do Barreiro, Serra da Bocaina, São Paulo State). A key is provided to the species of Hylotribus in Brazil.
Taxonomic study of the genus Assara Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) in NE China, with description of a new species
Authors: QI MU-JIE , HAN HUI-LIN , PARK BO-SUN , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: June 2014

Four species of the genus Assara Walker, 1863 are revised from NE China. Among them, Assara yanbianensis Bae & Qi sp. n. is described as new to science and A. terebrella (Zincken, 1818) is newly recorded from China. A key to the NE Chinese species of the genus Assara with illustrations of adults and genitalia are presented.
Mechanisms of Forced Tropical Meridional Energy Flux Change
Authors: Hill Spencer A. , Ming Yi , Held Isaac M.
Published: June 2014

Anthropogenically forced changes to the mean and spatial pattern of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) alter tropical atmospheric meridional energy transport throughout the seasonal cycle—in total, its partitioning between the Hadley cells and eddies and, for the Hadley cells, the relative roles of the mass flux and the gross moist stability (GMS). The authors investigate this behavior using an atmospheric general circulation model forced with SST anomalies caused by either historical greenhouse gas or aerosol forcing, dividing the SST anomalies into two components: the tropical mean SST anomaly applied uniformly and the full SST anomalies minus the tropical mean.

For greenhouse gases, the polar-amplified SST spatial pattern partially negates enhanced eddy poleward energy transport driven by mean warming. Both SST components weaken winter Hadley cell circulation and alter GMS. The Northern Hemisphere–focused aerosol cooling induces northward energy flux anomalies in the deep tropics, which manifest partially via strengthened northern and weakened southern Hadley cell overturning. Aerosol-induced GMS changes also contribute to the northward energy fluxes. A simple thermodynamic scaling qualitatively captures these changes, although it performs less well for the greenhouse gas simulations. The scaling provides an explanation for the tight correlation demonstrated in previous studies between shifts in the intertropical convergence zone and cross-equatorial energy fluxes.
Early development of metalinguistic awareness in Japanese: Evidence from pragmatic and phonological aspects of language
Authors: Tsuji Hiromi , Doherty Martin J.
Published: June 2014

The development of metalinguistic awareness for linguistic politeness was examined in 68 Japanese-speaking children aged between three and five years old. A politeness judgement task was administered together with several phonological judgement tasks and false-belief tasks. Four- and five-year old Japanese children, but not three-year-olds, made correct judgements for polite and impolite linguistic expressions by matching the expressions to appropriate social attitudes on the part of the protagonists. Developmental transitions across the age groups were similar for politeness and phonological judgements, with the exception of onset detection. Politeness and phonological judgement performances correlated with each other and were independent of the children’s age and receptive vocabulary. However, neither of the aspects correlated with false-belief understanding once age and vocabulary were accounted for. The findings suggest that pragmatic awareness of politeness register develops as early as four years old, in synchrony with phonological aspects at the syllable level.
Escape from Terracentrism
Authors: Mukherjee Rila
Published: June 2014

‘Escape from Terracentrism’ traces the shifts in writing a history of the seas/oceans from maritime history, to oceanic histories and finally to a water history. In the process it pleads for a transnational approach to the study of regions, arguing that there is a fundamental disconnect between our present-day lives and water. Finally, the article discusses whether a history of the sea can be a theatre for world history or an arena for a new, de-centred regional history, yielding thereby a fresh perspective on regions.
Hierarchy and power in the Pacific
Authors: Siikala Jukka
Published: June 2014

Looking at recent turmoil in political processes in the Pacific, the article discusses the relationship of socio-cosmic holism and hierarchy in Tonga, Samoa and Fiji to western ideologies of democracy and individualism. Incorporation of traditional chieftainship into colonial and postcolonial state structures has had different outcomes in each case. The structural arrangements, which according to Dumont are seen as intermediary forms, are looked at using material from the recent history of the societies. Thus the riots in Nukuʻalofa orchestrated by the Tongan democracy movement, the military coup in Fiji and the multiplication of chiefly titles in Samoa are seen as results of the interplay of local and western ideologies culminating in notions of holism and individualism.
Current issues in chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Socié Gérard , Ritz Jerome
Published: June 2014

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Increased transplantation of older patients and the more frequent use of unrelated donors has led to increased numbers of patients with this painful complication. Recent advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic GVHD and in establishing precise criteria for diagnosis and classification of disease manifestations. These advances will hopefully pave the way for improving both the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic GVHD.
Conditioning regimens for hematopoietic cell transplantation: one size does not fit all
Authors: Gyurkocza Boglarka , Sandmaier Brenda M.
Published: June 2014

An essential component of allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the conditioning regimen administered before the hematopoietic cell infusion. Early regimens relied on dose intensity, assuming that high-dose chemoradiotherapy would eliminate malignant disease and reinfusion of the graft would then restore hematopoiesis. However, as the contribution of graft-versus-tumor effects to the success of allogeneic HCT was recognized over time, in an effort to exploit these, many investigators lowered the dose of radiation and chemotherapeutic agents in the preparative regimen. This resulted in a major paradigm shift, and consequently, the pool of eligible patients underwent a remarkable expansion. In this article, we provide a review of the definition of high-dose, reduced-intensity, and nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens, the most commonly used agents and combinations, and the evolution of some early regimens. We also provide a brief review of the toxicities associated with these regimens.
Natural history and outcome of 200 outpatients with classical trigeminal neuralgia treated with carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine in a tertiary centre for neuropathic pain
Authors: Di Stefano Giulia , La Cesa Silvia , Truini Andrea , Cruccu Giorgio
Published: June 2014

Background

The guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management that have been agreed and jointly published by the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies recommend carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) as the first-choice medical treatments in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the natural history of classical trigeminal neuralgia in a large cohort of patients, focusing on drug responsiveness, side effects related to CBZ and OXC, and changes in pain characteristics during the course of disease.

Findings

We selected the last 100 consecutive patients with typical TN who began treatment with CBZ and the last 100 with OXC. All had MRI scans and a complete neurophysiological study of trigeminal reflexes. Among them, 22 were excluded on the basis of neuroradiological or neurophysiological investigations, to avoid the inclusion of patients with possible secondary TN. The initial number of responders was 98% with CBZ with a median dose of 600 mg (range 200–1200), and of 94% with OXC, with a median dose of 1200 mg (range 600–1800). In a mean period of 8.6 months, 27% of responders to CBZ incurred in undesired effects to a level that caused interruption of treatment or a dosage reduction to an unsatisfactory level. In a mean period of 13 months, the same occurred to 18% of responders to OXC. Among patients who had a good initial response, only 3 patients with CBZ and 2 with OXC developed late resistance. During the course of disease, paroxysms worsened in intensity in 3% of patients, and paroxysms duration increased in 2%. We did not observe the onset of a clinically manifest sensory deficit at any time in any patient.

Conclusions

Unlike common notion, in our large patient sample the worsening of pain with time and the development of late resistance only occurred in a very small minority of patients. CBZ and OXC were confirmed to be efficacious in a large majority of patients, but the side effects caused withdrawal from treatment in an important percentage of patients. These results suggest the opportunity to develop a better tolerated drug.
Spinal 5-HT3 Receptors Mediate Descending Facilitation and Contribute to Behavioral Hypersensitivity via a Reciprocal Neuron-Glial Signaling Cascade
Authors: Guo Wei , Miyoshi Kan , Dubner Ronald , Gu Ming , Li Man , Liu Jian , Yang Jiale , Zou Shiping , Ren Ke , Noguchi Koichi , Wei Feng
Published: June 2014

Background:

It has been recently recognized that the descending serotonin (5-HT) system from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brainstem and the 5-HT3 receptor subtype in the spinal dorsal horn are involved in enhanced descending pain facilitation after tissue and nerve injury. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of the 5-HT3 receptor and its contribution to facilitation of pain remain unclear.

Results:

In the present study, activation of spinal 5-HT3 receptors by intrathecal injection of a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist SR 57227 induced spinal glial hyperactivity, neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in rats. We found that there was neuron-to-microglia signaling via the chemokine fractalkine, microglia to astrocyte signaling via cytokine IL-18, astrocyte to neuronal signaling by IL-1β, and enhanced activation of NMDA receptors in the spinal dorsal horn. Glial hyperactivation in spinal dorsal horn after hindpaw inflammation was also attenuated by molecular depletion of the descending 5-HT system by intra-RVM Tph-2 shRNA interference.

Conclusions:

These findings offer new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms at the spinal level responsible for descending 5-HT-mediated pain facilitation during the development of persistent pain after tissue and nerve injury. New pain therapies should focus on prime targets of descending facilitation-induced glial involvement, and in particular the blocking of intercellular signaling transduction between neurons and glia.
Comparison of NGA-West2 Directivity Models
Authors: Spudich Paul , Rowshandel Badie , Shahi Shrey K. , Baker Jack W. , Chiou Brian S.-J.
Published: June 2014

Five directivity models have been developed based on data from the NGA-West2 database and based on numerical simulations of large strike-slip and reverse-slip earthquakes. All models avoid the use of normalized rupture dimension, enabling them to scale up to the largest earthquakes in a physically reasonable way. Four of the five models are explicitly “narrow-band” (in which the effect of directivity is maximum at a specific period that is a function of earthquake magnitude). Several strategies for determining the zero-level for directivity have been developed. We show comparisons of maps of the directivity amplification. This comparison suggests that the predicted geographic distributions of directivity amplification are dominated by effects of the models’ assumptions, and more than one model should be used for ruptures dipping less than about 65 degrees.
North Torrey Pines Bridge Seismic Retrofit: Part II, Structural Analysis and Design
Authors: Johnson Nathan S. , Creveling Mark L. , Gazaway Keith J.
Published: June 2014

The historic North Torrey Pines Road Bridge in Del Mar, California, is a 15-span precast concrete tee-girder structure built in 1933. The bridge has been classified as structurally and seismically deficient and functionally obsolete, with a sufficiency rating of 19 out of 100. Through the Caltrans Retrofit and FHWA Rehabilitation Program, the structure was to be rehabilitated or replaced for improved sufficiency and to satisfy seismic life safety. The combination of complex site geology, its deteriorated state, structural irregularities, site constraints, and the requirement to preserve its historic designation presented a challenging task. The solution was a performance-based methodology, more complex than typically applied in California, which led to a unique multifaceted retrofit and rehabilitation approach. Design and analysis included detailed inelastic static analysis, secant spectral methods, and nonlinear time-history analysis with multi-support excitation. The resulting solution included ground remediation, substructure strengthening, stiffness decoupling, a replacement superstructure, and new abutments on deep foundations.
Global well-posedness for a system of KdV-type equations with coupled quadratic nonlinearities
Authors: bona Jerry L. , Cohen Jonathan , Wang Gang
Published: June 2014

In this paper, coupled systems

of Korteweg-de Vries type are considered, whereu=u(x, t),v=v(x, t) are real-valued functions and wherex, t∈R. Here, subscripts connote partial differentiation and

are quadratic polynomials in the variablesuandv. Attention is given to the pure initial-value problem in whichu(x, t) andv(x, t) are both specified att= 0, namely,

forx∈ ℝ. Under suitable conditions onPandQ, global well-posedness of this problem is established for initial data in theL2-based Sobolev spacesHs(ℝ) ×Hs(ℝ) for anys> ‒3/4.
The Neurorehabilitation Pathways Team (NRPT): a model of good practice?
Authors: Buckman Joshua E J , Astley Jenny M , Sollom Andrea C , Anderson Carly A , Dendy Anthea ,   NRPT Clinicians, Schwartz Annette F
Published: June 2014

Background:

It is suggested that community based neurorehabilitation can provide benefits to both patients and health care providers in the shape of improved clinical outcomes and lower costs relative to inpatient care in tertiary centres. National guidelines within the UK have also called for care to be delivered ‘closer to home’. However, there is very little research on community based models of care for complex neurological patients and little evidence of how these models can deliver improved outcomes.

Content:

This article describes the model of care employed by Central Surrey Health and presents data from an audit of clinical records to support its effectiveness.

Conclusions:

This article has shown that the Neurorehabilitation Pathways Team (NRPT) achieve important clinical improvements for our patients whether treated as inpatients or in the community. As a group of experienced senior clinicians the NRPT accurately predict the likely clinical outcomes for each patient (90–97%) and give health care purchasers accurate predictions of the care pathway each patient will follow (84%). This provides a model of care which meets national guidelines and is potentially delivering both good clinical outcomes and cost savings for the health service compared to the former and more common model of care used in the UK.
Labile Extractable Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Components from Medium-Density Fiberboard*
Authors: Grigsby Warren J. , Carpenter James E. P. , Thumm Armin , Sargent Rosie , Hati Nancy
Published: June 2014

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is the predominant adhesive used in the manufacture of medium-density fiberboard (MDF). While it is well known that this resin is susceptible to moisture and hydrolysis, the present study determined that MDF panels lose a significant quantity of UF resin components in panel water soaking tests. Panel mass and %N losses indicate that MDF panels lose 48 to 66 percent of resin components during water soaking tests. Chemical analysis revealed that the labile extractable resin components included urea and monomeric and low-molecular-weight UF oligomers. Panel formaldehyde emissions were linked to the proportions of extractable UF resin oligomers. The results have implications for panel performance and the extent of resin cure achievable in manufacturing MDF.
Profiling Year Level and Gender Differences in Adolescent Communication Styles
Authors: Bowles Terry
Published: June 2014

The communication style of adolescents was assessed using the factors of the Focus of Communication Questionnaire (FOCQ), gender and year level. The FOCQ has six factors that individuals focus on during conflict including success, task, other-person, concession, withdrawing, and confusing. Data from the 460 adolescent participants showed that there were interaction effects involving success and other-person focused communication. Younger students were lower on concession, task, and confusion focused communication. Females were more withdrawing, concession and less confusion focused than males. The magnitude of the effect sizes resulting from the gender and year level analyses was small. Profile analysis of the six communication factors resulted in two clusters similar to those from previous research. The third cluster comprised a group of students low in all six communication factors. The discussion addresses the relevance of the findings and profile analysis in school settings.
Overuse Injuries Of Finnish Elite Junior Ice Hockey Players. Prospective Online Survey
Authors: Listola Joni , Ruismäki Heikki , Valtonen Juha , Welling Jesse , Hakkarainen Harri
Published: June 2014

Frequent forceful impacts, the unpredictable nature of the game, the long sticks and the sharp blades of the skates as well as high velocity of skating and shooting the puck make ice hockey an injury-prone sport. Most of the previous ice hockey injury studies have focused on traumatic injuries. In team sports, absence of one player may affect the team´s performance and chances of winning. This fact might create pressure for a player to decide to compete while injured or ill. The purpose of the study was to define the number, type, and anatomic location of overuse injuries in the high level Junior A and B (15–19-year-old) ice hockey players, and whether players report the injuries to coaching and medical staff. Players self-reported the injury data via online survey. The data was collected between September 2009 and March 2010. Out of 55 subjects, 33 players (62%) were injured. Of all injuries, 70.4% (45 injuries) were traumatic and 69.6% (19 injuries) were overuse injuries. Players reported 95% of the injuries to coaching staff and they reported 75% of the injuries to medical staff. Injuries that were not reported to coaching or medical staff were minor injuries. The estimated average probability of player sustaining at least one injury during the season was 62.2% (95% CI 0.49–0.75). Hip/groin was the most common site for overuse injury (7 injuries, 36.8% of all overuse injuries). Therefore, injury prevention focus should be placed on reducing the number of muscle sprains and especially hip/groin injuries. More knowledge is needed about the modifiable risk factors of these injuries. Injuries that were not reported to coaching or medical staff were all minor injuries.
Transversal Processes - Learning More About The Teaching Profession Through Music
Authors: Marjanen Kaarina , Cslovjecsek Markus
Published: June 2014

Music and languages formed the basis for the European Music Portfolio project (2009-2012; http://www.emportfolio.eu), aiming to support teachers in their profession, by combining theories, methodology and practices. The focus of this paper is the study procedure on the impact of the international CPD courses for teachers, as one of the EMP -tools. One of the most interesting results reported was a better focus found by the teachers on the learning processes of children due to the experiences of integrating music and languages. How does music work in transversal learning and integrated teaching, as a support for the teachers?
Корекція жирнокислотного складу етерифікованого холестеролу в організмі та ріст щурів за експериментальної гіперхолестеринемії
Authors: Dlyaboha Y. Z.
Published: June 2014

The relative contents of saturated fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms in the chain and the monounsaturated fatty acids of family n–9 increase in the fatty acid composition of the etherified cholesterol in plasma, liver and skeletal muscles of the rats with experimental hypercholesterolemia. At the same time the relative contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids of families n–3 and n–6 decrease. Inverse patterns of changes of the fatty acids contents in the etherified cholesterol of the investigated rats with experimental hypercholesterolemia are observed under fish oil correction. For the experimental period the intact rats, the rats with experimental hypercholesterolemia and with experimental hypercholesterolemia corrected with fish oil increase their weight.
Особливості рецепторної відповіді чинників зростання пухлини у хворих на рак молочної залози
Authors: Lykholat T. Y. , Antoniuk S. V. , Probachay V. І.
Published: June 2014

Characteristics of the receptor response of tumour growth factors in women with breast cancer varying according to the women’s age were investigated. The differences between the receptor profiles of the primary tumour and of the metastatic breast tissue have been found. The tumours characterised by a combination of antigen Ki-67 expression and hyperexpression of proliferative growth proto-oncogene Her-2/Neu are particularly aggressive. In case of such combination the hyperresistance to treatment is determined.
Вплив інгредієнтів автотранспортних викидів на стан асиміляційного апарату декоративних квітникових рослин
Authors: Pryimak O. P. , Pugach A. N.
Published: June 2014

The effect of motor vehicle emission ingredients on the state of assimilative apparatus of decorative ornamental plants is studied in Dnepropetrovsk. The morphometric indices of leaves of studied species are discussed. The changes of the leaves area and their amount on a plant are shown. The damages of assimilative organs and its structure abnormalities are revealed. The negative influence of motor transport emission on forming and growth of leaves was determined. The Aster novі-belgii L. and Tagetes patula L. are resistant, but Begonia×semperflorens hort, Salvia splendens L. and Zinnia elegans Jacq. are sensitive to the influence of emissions.
Вплив функціонального стану м’язової системи пальців руки людини на динаміку їх рухової активності
Authors: Ulanova Y. A. , Shugurov O. O. , Botsva N. P. , Yelina О. V.
Published: June 2014

Basic features of the motion activity dynamics of II–V fingers of human superior limbs are analyzed. The frequency-force dependence of arm fingers bending at change of the functional state of their muscular system is quantitatively estimated. Qualitative similarity in dynamics of changes of mechanography features under the influence of external (work of contralateral muscles) and internal (fatigue, blood supply disturbance) factors is determined. Mean power of finger muscular system is maximal when n. medianus and n. ulnaris are stimulated with force not less then two rheobases and stimuli width are not less then 4 ms with finger applied weight of 20–40 g.
Електрофізіологічні кореляти функціональних станів, пов’язаних із фоностимуляцією та слухомоторною діяльністю у чоловіків
Authors: Morenko A. G.
Published: June 2014

The study involved 104 healthy right-handed, 19–21 years old men withthe right leading ear. The electroencephalogram oscillation amplitude in α1 and α2 subbands and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the superficial flexor and extensor muscles of fingers of both hands are analyzed during auditory stimulation and auditorymotor activities. Changes of the α1 activity power in men reflect the processes of nonspecific activation, α2 – indicate the cognitive and mnestic mechanisms of the cortex control. Established dynamic shifts correlated linearly with complexity of the tasks. In accordance with the activation processes in the cortex supraspinal motor command formed and determined the amount of motor units included in the activity, the frequency and consistency of their discharges.
Будова та кровопостачання L2-S2 дорзальних корінців спинного мозку щурів різного віку
Authors: Popel S. L.
Published: June 2014

The paper presents information of hystometryc and electron microscopic research of nerve fibres of spinal cord dorsal roots and their blood circulation system of rats in the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The basic types of nerve fibres are revealed and characterized. Their composition which reflects the close morphological mutually causal structure of nerves and ways of blood microcirculatory is shown. It can determine the character of age-specific processes in the dorsal roots.
Епідемічні спалахи та епізоотії туляремії як наслідок авіаційних бомбардувань у Косові
Authors: Rusev I. T. , Zakusilo V. N.
Published: June 2014

Analysis of mass outbreak of tularaemia in humans of Kosovo after the mass bombardments of the territory in 1999 suggests the possible anthropogenic nature of its origin. The emergence of mass epizooty among wild mammals and mass outbreaks of the disease among people of that dangerous infection may be possible in the case of activation of natural foci, or as a result of the infection import. Natural foci of tularaemia in Kosovo were not registered earlier. Consequently, outbreaks and epizootics of tularaemia may have the anthropogenic nature.
Composite Structural Mechanics of Dorsal Lamella in Remora Fish
Authors: Culler Michael , Nadler Jason H.
Published: June 2014

Remora fish have evolved a unique dorsal pad capable of fast, reversible adhesion to a large range of natural and artificial surfaces. The effectiveness of adhesion is due in part to the pad’s ability to dynamically conform and adapt to the geometry of its host. Simulations based on measured material properties and geometry can provide useful design metrics for biologically inspired design, and furthermore, serve as platform for virtual experiments. The pad itself consists of a lamellar, composite structure composed of mineralized and soft tissue. In this work, finite element models based on μCT scans and measured viscoelastic material properties elucidate the pad’s complex moduli frequency spectrum and response to different loading configurations.
Diamond Films: Recent Developments in Theory and Practice
Authors: Stoneham A.M. , Ford I.J. , Chalker P.R.
Published: June 2014

The diamond films of the early 1980s presented two quite different challenges. First how could this new form of diamond be exploited technically? Second, how could this clearly nonequilibrium generation of diamond be understood and the understanding be used to maximum effect? We shall be discussing the ideas of theory and modeling, and we will show how they have contributed to the interplay of science and technology.

The science of diamond films is the art of beating nature in the use of carbon. Theory gives the understanding to improve this art. One way in which we improve on nature is in new geometries: controlled growth over selected surfaces o surface regions. The coverage, defect density, microstructure, and rate of growth are key issues. Another way to beat nature is controlled doping. Could wmake n-type semiconductors or lasers using diamond films? A third direction might be routes to control interfaces. Grai boundaries and the regions between small, misaligned crystals affect thermal properties and electron emission. Difficulties with electrical contacts may limit the use of diamond films as semiconductors or insulators. Substrate-film adhesion can determine tribological performance.

If theory is to play a role in controlling film deposition, we need to understand the role of theory itself. Theory can add value at several distinct levels. At the highest level, modeling has the potential to provide a substitute for experiment, especially when information is needed about behavior at extreme conditions. When the phenomena are very fast or very complex, theory can be used to interpret limited experiments. At a more modest level, even simple quantitative models can illustrate the many processes occurring during film growth. Atomistic theories of this type can identify the rate-determining steps and point to ways of influencing them. Mesoscopic theories, especially combined with macroscopic approaches like elasticity theory, can identify routes to improved performance.
Wafer-Bonding and Thinning Technologies
Authors: Desmond-Colinge Cynthia A. , Gösele Ulrich
Published: June 2014

“Wafer bonding” refers to the phenomenon in which mirror-polished, flat, and clean wafers of almost any material—when brought into contact at room temperature—are locally attracted to each other by van der Waals forces and adhere or “bond” to each other. Wafer bonding is alternatively also known as “direct bonding” or “fusion bonding,” or more colloquially as “gluing without glue.” Although this is by no means required, in most cases, the wafers involved in actual applications are typical semiconductor wafers consisting of single-crystalline material used in microelectronics or optoelectronics such as silicon or gallium arsenide.
Quasicrystals Perspectives and Potential Applications
Authors: Sordelet Daniel J. , Dubois Jean Marie
Published: June 2014

For decades scientists have accepted the premise that solid matter can only order in two ways: amorphous (or glassy) like window glass or crystalline with atoms arranged according to translational symmetry. The science of crystallography, now two centuries old, was able to relate in a simple and efficient way all atomic positions within a crystal to a frame of reference in which a single unit cell was defined. Positions within the crystal could all be deduced from the restricted number of positions in the unit cell by translations along vectors formed by a combination of integer numbers of unit vectors of the reference frame. Of course disorder, which is always present in solids, could be understood as some form of disturbance with respect to this rule of construction. Also amorphous solids were naturally referred to as a full breakdown of translational symmetry yet preserving most of the short-range order around atoms. Incommensurate structures, or more simply modulated crystals, could be understood as the overlap of various ordering potentials not necessarily with commensurate periodicities.

For so many years, no exception to the canonical rule of crystallography was discovered. Any crystal could be completely described using one unit cell and its set of three basis vectors. In 1848 the French crystallographer Bravais demonstrated that only 14 different ways of arranging atoms exist in three-dimensional space according to translational symmetry. This led to the well-known cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, and associated structures. Furthermore the dihedral angle between pairs of faces of the unit cell cannot assume just any number since an integer number of unit cells must completely fill space around an edge.
Quasiperiodic Materials: Discovery and Recent Developments
Authors: Shechtman Dan , Lang Candace I.
Published: June 2014

The mid 1980s benefited from three major scientific announcements that altered our world view on the structure of matter and its properties. These were the discovery of quasiperiodic crystals (QCs), which are commonly referred to as quasicrystals (1984), fullerenes (1985), and high-temperature superconductivity (1986). The discovery of QC was announced to a community active in the mature science of crystallography. Crystallographers, and other scientists who studied the structure of matter and its defects, relied on a series of laws and paradigms undisputed since von Laue performed his first x-ray-diffraction experiments in 1912. One leading paradigm stated that the atomic structure of a crystal is ordered and periodic. Explanations of this paradigm, based oncommon sense, could be summarized as, “It is periodic because it is ordered.”

Periodicity implies a set of specific rules, among them the allowed rotational symmetries—namely one-, two-, three-, four-, and sixfold. Fivefold rotational symmetry is excluded. Past textbooks specified this, stating that fivefold rotational symmetry is impossible in periodic structures. Other books stated the impossibility of such symmetry in crystals.

Paradigms are based on experience rather than on a rigorous, scientific study process. Therefore when proven wrong, they are difficult to uproot. From 1912 to 1984, nothing shook the paradigm, “Order in crystals is periodicity.” Incommensurate structures challenged the paradigm for a while but were soon found to be a modulation of periodic crystals, saving the paradigm. However in the background, a series of articles broadened the scope of crystallography into hyperspace and prepared the mathematical platform from which the science of quasiperiodicity in crystals could take off.
Birth of a Journal: A Chronicle Reflections on Journal of Materials Research at Its Three-Year Anniversary
Authors: Kaufmann Elton N.
Published: June 2014

Journal of Materials Research was conceived and launched in less than two years from initial conception and is now in its third year of publication. The Journal's immediate success is a result of its unique purpose and of the meticulous attention given it by a few dozen committed seientists. With little or no Publishing management experience, they were guided by their need for scientific information as they developed a Journal that would fill a void in the literature on advanced materials. The following is a description of the Journal's evolution from inception to the valuable scientific medium it is today.

Journal of Materials Research will soon begin its fourth volume, a very satisfying milestone for those of us who helped launch it. The Journal was designed to fill a unique role for researchers and the libraries which serve them. It's worth recounting how the myriad of qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Journal's creation quickly fell into place, for it's a story of dedicated volunteers, lofty goals, and an Organization which itself, at the time, was almost too young to tackle so formidable a task.

The Materials Research Society (MRS) was founded in 1973 expressly to provide a forum for reporting scientific research on new materials in an interdisciplinary format, encompassing physical, chemical and engineering developments that all affect the advancement of materials. The opportunities to do this under the auspices of the existing societies at that time were few or nonexistent.
Emissões de gases de efeito estufa pela deposição de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo
Authors: Signor Diana , Pissioni Luísa Lorentz Magalhães , Cerri Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino
Published: June 2014

Biocombustíveis contribuem para reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). No Brasil, o principal biocombustível é o etanol de cana-de-açúcar. Além dos colmos, as folhas de cana-de-açúcar também podem ser usadas para produzir etanol. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as emissões de GEE (CO2, CH4 e N2O) induzidas pela presença de palha sobre o solo. Três experimentos foram conduzidos em Latossolos, em Piracicaba: imediatamente após a colheita, aos seis e aos 12 meses após a colheita. Foram avaliados os efeitos de três doses de palha (0%, 50% e 100% da quantidade disponível na superfície) sobre as emissões. Imediatamente após a colheita, as emissões de CO2 e CH4 aumentaram com o aumento da quantidade de palha. Aos seis meses após a colheita houve consumo de CH4 à medida que a quantidade de palha aumentou. Doze meses após a colheita, as emissões dos três gases foram similares, independentemente da quantidade de palha. Remover a palha de cana-de-açúcar não aumenta as emissões de GEE do solo em comparação ao manejo sem retirada da palha da superfície. Contudo, estudos adicionais são necessários para investigar os efeitos sobre a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, sobre a erosão e sobre outros atributos do solo.
Life history traits, but not phylogeny, drive compositional patterns in a butterfly metacommunity
Authors: Pavoine Sandrine , Baguette Michel , Stevens Virginie M. , Leibold Mathew A. , Turlure Camille , Bonsall Michael B.
Published: June 2014

Community assembly is a combination of ecological, evolutionary, and stochastic processes. Separating out the abiotic and biotic processes (such as limiting similarity or environmental filtering) from stochastic processes is central to developing a cogent approach for understanding patterns in ecological community structure and organization. Using butterfly communities in a fragmented landscape, we tested the hypothesis that local environmental filtering drives character convergences in traits of species belonging to different clades. We found that, while many traits were determined both by phylogeny and environment, trait convergence within the phylogeny was extensive and eroded the phylogenetic structure associated with habitat use. Traits associated with habitat use are shown to be only moderately phylogenetically conserved in chalk grassland butterfly assemblages, and further analysis revealed that traits associated with environmental filtering may be highly labile rather than phylogenetically conserved. In general, a significant phylogenetic signal is therefore neither sufficient to demonstrate a lack of trait convergence, nor to determine whether communities are likely to be phylogenetically structured. We conclude that explicit trait‐based approaches should be used in preference to the more indirect approach based on phylogenetic conservatism for understanding metacommunity assembly processes.