bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron competition triggers antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor during coculture with Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Lee Namil , Kim Woori , Chung Jinkyoo , Lee Yongjae , Cho Suhyung , Jang Kyoung-Soon , Kim Sun Chang , Palsson Bernhard , Cho Byung-Kwan
Published: January 2020

Microbial coculture to mimic the ecological habitat has been suggested as an approach to elucidate the effect of microbial interaction on secondary metabolite biosynthesis of Streptomyces. However, because of chemical complexity during coculture, underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we found that iron competition triggered antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor during coculture with Myxococcus xanthus. During coculture, M. xanthus enhanced the production of a siderophore, myxochelin, leading M. xanthus to dominate iron scavenging and S. coelicolor to experience iron-restricted conditions. This chemical competition, but not physical contact, activated the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster and the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway which imply the potential to produce precursors, along with activation of a novel actinorhodin export system. Furthermore, we found that iron restriction increased the expression of 21 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) in other Streptomyces species. These findings suggested that the availability for key ions stimulates specific smBGCs, which had the potential to enhance secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Streptomyces.
Polymerase independent repression of FoxO1 transcription by sequence-specific PARP1 binding to FoxO1 promoter
Authors: Tian Yu-Nan , Chen Hua-Dong , Tian Chang-Qing , Wang Ying-Qing , Miao Ze-Hong
Published: January 2020

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) regulates gene transcription in addition to functioning as a DNA repair factor. Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor involved in extensive biological processes. Here, we report that PARP1 binds to two separate motifs on the FoxO1 promoter and represses its transcription in a polymerase-independent manner. Using PARP1-knock out (KO) cells, wild-type-PARP1-complemented cells and catalytic mutant PARP1E988K-reconstituted cells, we investigated transcriptional regulation by PARP1. PARP1 loss led to reduced DNA damage response and ~362-fold resistance to five PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in Ewing sarcoma cells. RNA sequencing showed 492 differentially expressed genes in a PARP1-KO subline, in which the FoxO1 mRNA levels increased up to more than five times. The change in the FoxO1 expression was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels in different PARP1-KO and complemented cells. Moreover, exogenous PARP1 overexpression reduced the endogenous FoxO1 protein in RD-ES cells. Competitive EMSA and ChIP assays revealed that PARP1 specifically bound to the FoxO1 promoter. DNase I footprinting, mutation analyses, and DNA pulldown FREP assays showed that PARP1 bound to two particular nucleotide sequences separately located at −813 to −826 bp and −1805 to −1828 bp regions on the FoxO1 promoter. Either the PARPi olaparib or the PARP1 catalytic mutation (E988K) did not impair the repression of PARP1 on the FoxO1 expression. Exogenous FoxO1 overexpression did not impair cellular PARPi sensitivity. These findings demonstrate a new PARP1-gene promoter binding mode and a new transcriptional FoxO1 gene repressor.
Quasi-periodic ripples in high latitude electron content, the geomagnetic field, and the solar wind
Authors: Birch M. J. , Hargreaves J. K.
Published: January 2020

In this study we present evidence for the existence of quasi-periodic ripples in the F-region electron content at high latitude, the magnetic flux density at geosynchronous orbit, and the solar wind dynamic pressure and IMF flux density at L1. The ripples are shown to be continually present during all 14 days of observations in different years and seasons, and at all local times, though they are generally small in magnitude relative to the background. The frequencies of all the parameters are, on average, remarkably similar, and the amplitudes of the selected peaks of some parameters show strong correlations for which regression formulae are given. These results support the proposition that the ripples propagate from the solar wind to the F-region, and that they are a related, persistent phenomenon.
Prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression in correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Tashima Yuko , Kuwata Taiji , Yoneda Kazue , Hirai Ayako , Mori Masataka , Kanayama Masatoshi , Imanishi Naoko , Kuroda Koji , Ichiki Yoshinobu , Tanaka Fumihiro
Published: January 2020

The prognostic impact of tumoral programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was retrospectively assessed in 83 patients with completely resected stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, as PD-L1 is a potent regulator of cancer immunity and NLR is a potential surrogate of immune status. Forty-three patients (51.8%) had tumor with positive PD-L1 expression. There was no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and NLR. PD-L1-positivity failed to provide a significant prognostic impact (overall survival [OS] rate at 5 years, 53.0% in PD-L1-positive patients versus 70.1% in PD-L1-negative patients; P = 0.117). Among NLR-low (<2.2) patients, however, PD-L1-positivity was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis (OS rate at 5 years, 46.1% versus 86.0%; P = 0.020). In contrast, among NLR-high (≥2.2) patients, PD-L1-positivity provided no prognostic impact (P = 0.680). When NLR status and tumoral PD-L1 status were combined, “NLR-low and PD-L1-negative” was a significant and independent factor to predict a favorable recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.237 [95% confidence interval, 0.083 to 0.674]; P = 0.007) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.260 [0.091 to 0.745]; P = 0.012). These results suggest the prognostic impact of tumoral PD-L1 expression might be influenced by the status of NLR.
Shotgun proteomics, in-silico evaluation and immunoblotting assays for allergenicity assessment of lesser mealworm, black soldier fly and their protein hydrolysates
Authors: Leni Giulia , Tedeschi Tullia , Faccini Andrea , Pratesi Federico , Folli Claudia , Puxeddu Ilaria , Migliorini Paola , Gianotten Natasja , Jacobs Johan , Depraetere Stefaan , Caligiani Augusta , Sforza Stefano
Published: January 2020

Since 2018, insects have belonged the category of Novel Foods and the presence of allergens represents one of the main hazards connected to their consumption, also due to the potential cross-reactivity with Arthropoda pan-allergens. In the present work, the allergenicity assessment of black soldier fly and lesser mealworm was performed with a shotgun bottom-up proteomic approach combined with in-silico assessment, followed by IgG- and IgE-immunoblotting experiments. The peptides identified, filtered for their abundance and robustness, belonged mainly to muscle proteins, which represented the most abundant protein group. The relevant potential allergens were in-silico identified by sequence similarity to known allergens, and among them tropomyosin resulted the most abundant insect allergen. IgG-immunoblotting analysis with anti-Tropomyosin I antibodies and IgE-immunoblotting assay with serum from patient allergic to crustacean tropomyosin were performed in order to assess the immunoreactivity in both insects. The immunoassays were carried out also on protein hydrolysates extracted by treating insects with Protease from Bacillus licheniformis (1%, 60 °C, pH 7.5). While IgG-immunoblotting demonstrated the loss of immunoreactivity for both hydrolysates, IgE-immunoblotting showed a partial immunoreactivity preservation, also after hydrolysis, in the case of black soldier fly hydrolysate, and a total loss of immunoreactivity for lesser mealworm hydrolysate
Effects of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of a carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands
Authors: Ouisse T. , Day E. , Laville L. , Hendrickx F. , Convey P. , Renault D.
Published: January 2020

Climatic changes can induce geographic expansion and altitudinal shifts in the distribution of invasive species by offering more thermally suitable habitats. At the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands, the predatory insect Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), introduced in 1913, rapidly invaded coastal habitats. More recent colonisation of higher elevation habitats by this species could be underlain by their increased thermal suitability as the area has warmed. This study compared the effect of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of adult M. soledadinus sampled along two altitudinal transects (from the foreshore to 250 m a.s.l.) and a horizontal lowland transect orthogonal to the seashore (400 m length). Although high inter-individual and inter-transect variations in the traits examined were present, we observed that body mass of males and females tended to decrease with elevation, and that triglyceride contents decreased with distance from the shore. Moreover, protein contents of females as well as those of 26 metabolites were influenced significantly by distance to the foreshore. These results suggest that future climate change at the Kerguelen Islands will further assist the colonisation of lowland inland and higher altitude habitats by this aggressively invasive predator, by making previously sub-optimal habitats progressively more suitable.
Effects of verbal instructions and physical threat removal prior to extinction training on the return of conditioned fear
Authors: Wendt Julia , Hufenbach Miriam C. , König Jörg , Hamm Alfons O.
Published: January 2020

Instructions given prior to extinction training facilitate the extinction of conditioned skin conductance (SCRs) and fear-potentiated startle responses (FPSs) and serve as laboratory models for cognitive interventions implemented in exposure-based treatments of pathological anxiety. Here, we investigated how instructions given prior to extinction training, with or without the additional removal of the electrode used to deliver the unconditioned stimulus (US), affect the return of fear assessed 24 hours later. We replicated previous instruction effects on extinction and added that the additional removal of the US electrode slightly enhanced facilitating effects on the extinction of conditioned FPSs. In contrast, extinction instructions hardly affected the return of conditioned fear responses. These findings suggest that instruction effects observed during extinction training do not extent to tests of return of fear 24 hours later which serve as laboratory models of relapse and improvement stability of exposure-based treatments.
Author Correction: Small Neotropical primates promote the natural regeneration of anthropogenically disturbed areas
Authors: Heymann Eckhard W. , Culot Laurence , Knogge Christoph , Smith Andrew C. , Tirado Herrera Emérita R. , Müller Britta , Stojan-Dolar Mojca , Ferrer Yvan Lledo , Kubisch Petra , Kupsch Denis , Slana Darja , Koopmann Mareike Lena , Ziegenhagen Birgit , Bialozyt Ronald , Mengel Christina , Hambuckers Julien , Heer Katrin
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Homogenization method for microscopic characterization of the composite magnetoelectric multiferroics
Authors: Jayachandran K. P. , Guedes J. M. , Rodrigues H. C.
Published: January 2020

Tuning of magnetization or electrical polarization using external fields other than their corresponding conjugate fields (i.e., magnetic field for the former or electric field for the latter response) attracts renewed interest due to its potential for applications. The magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic 1–3 composite composed of alternating magnetic and ferroelectric layers operating in linear regime consequent to external biasing fields is simulated and analysed theoretically. Two-scale homogenization procedure to arrive at the equilibrium overall physical properties of magnetoelectric multiferroic composite is formulated using variational analysis. This procedure is extended to quantify the underlying local (microscopic) electric, magnetic and elastic fields and thereby compute local distribution of stresses and strains, electrical and magnetic potentials, the electric and magnetic fields as well as the equivalent von Mises stresses. The computational model is implemented by modifying the software POSTMAT (material postprocessing). Computed local stress/strain profiles and the von Mises stresses consequent to biasing electrical and magnetic fields provide insightful information related to the magnetostriction and the ensuing electrical and magnetic polarization. Average polarization and magnetization against magnetic and electric fields respectively are computed and found to be in reasonable limits of the experimental results on similar composite systems. The homogenization model covers multiferroics and its composites regardless of crystallographic symmetry (with the caveat of assuming an ideal and semi-coherent interface connecting the constituent phases) and offer computational efficiency besides unveiling the nature of the underlying microscopic field characteristics.
Evaluation of the Diabetes Screening Component of a National Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Programme in England: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Palladino Raffaele , Vamos Eszter P. , Chang Kiara Chu-Mei , Khunti Kamlesh , Majeed Azeem , Millett Christopher
Published: January 2020

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is increasing but the effectiveness of large-scale diabetes screening programmes is debated. We assessed associations between coverage of a national cardiovascular and diabetes risk assessment programme in England (NHS Health Check) and detection and management of incident cases of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) and T2D. Retrospective analysis employing propensity score covariate adjustment method of prospectively collected data of 348,987 individuals aged 40–74 years and registered with 455 general practices in England (January 2009-May 2016). We examined differences in diagnosis of NDH and T2D, and changes in blood glucose levels and cardiovascular risk score between individuals registered with general practices with different levels (tertiles) of programme coverage. Over the study period 7,126 cases of NDH and 12,171 cases of T2D were detected. Compared with low coverage practices, incidence rate of detection in medium and high coverage practices were 15% and 19% higher for NDH and 10% and 9% higher for T2D, respectively. Individuals with NDH in high coverage practices had 0.2 mmol/L lower mean fasting plasma glucose and 0.9% lower cardiovascular risk score at follow-up. General practices actively participating in the programme had higher detection of NDH and T2D and improved management of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors.
Health and work disability outcomes in parents of patients with schizophrenia associated with antipsychotic exposure by the offspring
Authors: Taipale Heidi , Rahman Syed , Tanskanen Antti , Mehtälä Juha , Hoti Fabian , Jedenius Erik , Enkusson Dana , Leval Amy , Sermon Jan , Tiihonen Jari , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to identify if antipsychotic exposure in offspring is associated with psychiatric and non-psychiatric healthcare service use and work disability of their parents. This Swedish population-based cohort study was based on data comprising 10,883 individuals with schizophrenia, who had at least one identifiable parent in the nationwide registers, and their parents (N = 18,215). The register-based follow-up during 2006–2013 considered the level of antipsychotic exposure and persistence of use of the offspring, further categorized into first (FG) and second generation (SG) antipsychotics, and orals versus long-acting injections (LAIs). The main outcome measure was parental psychiatric healthcare service use, secondary outcomes were non-psychiatric healthcare use and long-term sickness absence. SG-LAI use was associated with a decreased risk (relative risks [RR] 0.81-0.85) of parental psychiatric healthcare use compared with not using SG-LAI, whereas oral antipsychotics were associated with an increased risk (RRs 1.10–1.29). Both FG- and SG-LAI use by the offspring were associated with a lower risk of long-term sickness absence (range of odds ratios 0.34–0.47) for the parents, compared with non-use of these drugs. The choice of antipsychotic treatment for the offspring may have an impact on work disability and healthcare service use of their parents.
Ground state anomalies in SmB6
Authors: Sakhya Anup Pradhan , Maiti Kalobaran
Published: January 2020

SmB6 has drawn much attention in recent times due to the discovery of anomalies in its ground state properties as well as prediction of topologically protected gapless surface states. Varied theories have been proposed to capture the ground state anomalies. Here, we studied the electronic structure of SmB6 employing density functional theory using different exchange correlation potentials, spin-orbit coupling and electron correlation strength. We discover that a suitable choice of interaction parameters such as spin-orbit coupling, electron correlation strength and exchange interaction within the generalized gradient approximation provides a good description of the spectral functions observed in the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies. The Fermi surface plots exhibit electron pockets around X-point and hole pockets around ΓX line having dominant Sm 4f character. These observations corroborate well with the recent experimental results involving quantum oscillation measurements, ARPES, etc. In addition to primarily Sm 4f contributions observed at the Fermi level, the results exhibit significantly large contribution from B 2p states compared to weak Sm 5d contributions. This suggests important role of B 2p - Sm 4f hybridization in the exotic physics of this system.
Different Habitat Types Affect Bird Richness and Evenness
Authors: Tu Hung-Ming , Fan Meng-Wen , Ko Jerome Chie-Jen
Published: January 2020

More studies are needed on the mechanism and effective prediction of bird diversity in various habitats. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the difference in the species richness and evenness of various habitats. The secondary purpose was to explore which habitat types and compositions predict a high bird diversity. The 2010–2016 Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey was used to analyze the relationship between landscape habitat and bird ecology. Landscape habitat type was divided into seven categories and 26 sub-types: forestland, farmland, grassland, freshwater wetland, aquaculture pond and saltpan, coastland, and building area. Four ecological indexes were used: the number of bird individuals, the number of species, the Margalef Richness Index, and the Pielou Evenness Index. The result indicated that forestland decreased bird numbers, except in a windbreak forest. Natural and farmland-related habitats increased bird species richness. Similarly, the natural habitat increased species evenness. Urban greenspace could not replace the effect of forestland on species richness and evenness. Conifer forest, bamboo forest, windbreak forest, mixed tree, tall grassland, and orchard were important habitats for promoting higher species richness and evenness.
Cellular apoptosis and necrosis as therapeutic targets for novel Eugenol Tosylate Congeners against Candida albicans
Authors: Lone Shabir Ahmad , Wani Mohmmad Younus , Fru Pascaline , Ahmad Aijaz
Published: January 2020

Despite the rise of new Candida species, Candida albicans tops the list with high morbidity and mortality rates. To tackle this problem there is a need to explore new antifungals that could replace or augment the current treatment options. We previously reported that tosylation of eugenol on hydroxyl group resulted in molecules with enhanced antifungal potency. In line with that work, we synthesized new eugenol tosylate congeners (ETC-1–ETC-7) with different substituents on pendent sulfonyl group and tested their susceptibility against different fluconazole susceptible and resistant C. albicans strains. We evaluated physiology and mode of cell death in response to the most active derivatives by analyzing major apoptotic markers in yeast such as phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial depolarization and decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity. The results demonstrated that all C. albicans strains were variably susceptible to the test compounds with MIC ranging from 0.125–512 µg/ml, and the most active compounds (ETC-5, ETC-6 and ETC-7) actuate apoptosis and necrosis in Candida cells in a dose-dependent manner via metacaspase-dependent pathway. Furthermore haemolytic assay showed low cytotoxicity effect of these ETCs. Overall the results indicated that ETCs exhibit potential antifungal activity against C. albicans by activating apoptotic and necrotic pathways.
Staphylococcus Aureus Osteomyelitis as an Inducer of Tolerance to Escherichia Coli Pyelonephritis: an Experimental Study
Authors: Goumenos Stavros , Savvidou Olga , Renieris George , Gkavogianni Theologia , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J.
Published: January 2020

The high incidence of osteomyelitis in vulnerable populations like those with multiple injuries or elderly undergoing joint arthroplasties generates the question what may be their responses to subsequent infection by high virulent isolates. Rabbits were subject to two operations at three week intervals; sham osteomyelitis and sham pyelonephritis (group S); sham osteomyelitis and Escherichia coli pyelonephritis (group P); and Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and E. coli pyelonephritis (group OP). Survival was recorded; cytokine stimulation of circulating mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and bacterial growth were monitored. In some experiments, dalbavancin treatment was given before pyelonephritis. Healthy PBMCs were pre-treated with bone homogenate, S. aureus or both. Mortality of groups S, P and OP after induction of pyelonephritis was 0%, 50% and 8.3% respectively. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production by PBMCs was significantly lower in the OP group at 48 hours. E. coli bacterial load was similar in groups P and OP at death or sacrifice whereas the MPO activity of group OP was decreased. Production of TNFα was further decreased among dalbavancin treated rabbits; in these rabbits tissue MPO was increased. TNFα production decreased when healthy PBMCs pre-treated with bone homogenate, S. aureus (HKSA) or both were stimulated with E. coli (HKEC); production was further decreased in the presence of anti-TLR4 and anti-TLR9. It is concluded that staphylococcal osteomyelitis modulated the innate immune responses of the host leading to protection from death by highly virulent E. coli. Tolerance to TLR ligands is the most likely mechanism of action.
Author Correction: Placental gene expression and antibody levels of mother-neonate pairs reveal an enhanced risk for inflammation in a helminth endemic country
Authors: Ludwig Esther , Harder Jutta , Lacorcia Matthew , Honkpehedji Yabo Josiane , Nouatin Odilon Paterne , van Dam Govert J. , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , Sartono Erliyani , Esen Meral , Lobmaier Silvia M. , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Prazeres da Costa Clarissa
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Sex-specific Effects of Music Listening on Couples’ Stress in Everyday Life
Authors: Wuttke-Linnemann A. , Nater U. M. , Ehlert U. , Ditzen B.
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Desymmetrized hexasubstituted [3]radialene anions as aqueous organic catholytes for redox flow batteries
Authors: Turner Nicholas A. , Freeman Matthew B. , Pratt Harry D. , Crockett Austin E. , Jones Daniel S. , Anstey Mitchell R. , Anderson Travis M. , Bejger Christopher M.
Published: January 2020

Hexasubstituted [3]radialenes can be synthetically tuned to function as catholyte materials for neutral pH aqueous organic redox flow batteries.
Carrier dynamic monitoring of a π-conjugated polymer: a surface-enhanced Raman scattering method
Authors: Zhang Xin-Yuan , Yang Shuo , Yang Lili , Zhang Daxin , Sun Yansen , Pang Zhenyu , Yang Jinghai , Chen Lei
Published: January 2020

The carrier dynamics of a π-conjugated polymer is monitored under different voltage conditions by the SERS method.
Formamide-assisted one-step synthesis of BiOCOOH and Bi/BiOCOOH micro-/nanostructures with tunable morphologies and composition and their photocatalytic activities
Authors: Zhou Hui , Kalware Kaleemullah , Shen Ming , Zhong Songtao , Yao Yufeng
Published: January 2020

A series of BiOCOOH and Bi/BiOCOOH heterojunction photocatalysts have been facilely synthesized by a one-step reaction with the assistance of formamide.
An in situ exchange mechanism for dye molecules and cations at the nano-semiconductor film/electrolyte interface
Authors: Liu Weiqing , Liu Fei , Wu Zongjian , Xiong Rutao , Mao Zhimin , Cai Hongfeng , Tu Simin
Published: January 2020

This communication uses EQCM in combination with the potentiostatic method to study the in situ exchange mechanism for dye molecules and cations on the nano-film surface under a constant potential.
Exploring the origin of electrochemical performance of Cr-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4
Authors: Li Fei , Ma Jiani , Lin Jianyan , Zhang Xiaohua , Yu Hong , Yang Guochun
Published: January 2020

Disordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has become a promising candidate for Li ion batteries due to its high specific energy.
Micro-kinetic modelling of photocatalytic CO2 reduction over undoped and N-doped TiO2
Authors: Bjelajac Andjelika , Kopač Drejc , Fecant Antoine , Tavernier Eugenie , Petrović Rada , Likozar Blaž , Janaćković Djordje
Published: January 2020

The experimental data of photoreduction of CO2 using undoped and N-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were used for micro-kinetic modelling.
Use of titanocalix[4]arenes in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters
Authors: Sun Ziyue , Zhao Yanxia , Santoro Orlando , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Bedwell Elizabeth V. , Zahra Khadisha , Walton Alex , Redshaw Carl
Published: January 2020

Titanocalix[4]arenes are shown to be active for the ROP of cyclic esters under N2 or air with the mono-methoxy complex [Ti(NCMe)Cl(p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene(O)3(OMe))] performing best.
Investigating the presence and persistence of volatile methylsiloxanes in Arctic sediments
Authors: Panagopoulos Abrahamsson Dimitri , Warner Nicholas Alexander , Jantunen Liisa , Jahnke Annika , Wong Fiona , MacLeod Matthew
Published: January 2020

Uncertainties in the physicochemical properties of volatile methylsiloxanes have resulted in substantial uncertainties in calculations of concentrations persistence. Choosing the right set of properties seems crucial for making accurate predictions.
Non-powered capillary force-driven stamped approach for directly printing nanomaterials aqueous solution on paper substrate
Authors: Yi Langlang , Zhao Lei , Xue Qilu , Cheng He , Shi Hongyan , Fan Jinkun , Cai Shixuan , Li Guoqian , Hu Bo , Huang Liyu , Tian Jie
Published: January 2020

A “Capillary Force-Driven Stamped” (CFDS) approach is developed for directly printing patterned nanomaterials in aqueous solution, which may be promising for flexible electronics and biomedical analysis.
Photoelectrochemistry of manganese oxide/mixed phase titanium oxide heterojunction
Authors: Khosravi Mehdi , Feizi Hadi , Haghighi Behzad , Allakhverdiev Suleyman I. , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi
Published: January 2020

Photoelectrochemistry of manganese oxide/mixed phase titanium oxide was studied.
Iterative training set refinement enables reactive molecular dynamics via machine learned forces
Authors: Chen Lei , Sukuba Ivan , Probst Michael , Kaiser Alexander
Published: January 2020

Reactive self-sputtering from a Be surface is simulated using neural network trained forces with high accuracy. The key in machine learning from DFT calculations is a well-balanced and complete training set of energies and forces obtained by iterative refinement.
Cytotoxic alkaloids from the marine shellfish-associated fungus Aspergillus sp. XBB-4 induced by an amino acid-directed strategy
Authors: Qiu Yi , Guo Qi , Ran Yan-Qin , Lan Wen-Jian , Lam Chi-Keung , Feng Gong-Kan , Deng Rong , Zhu Xiao-Feng , Li Hou-Jin , Chen Liu-Ping
Published: January 2020

Cytotoxic alkaloids from marine fungus Aspergillus sp. XBB-4 induced by an amino acid-directed strategy.
Isostructural softening of vulcanized nanocomposites
Authors: Baeza Guilhem P. , Dalmas Florent , Dutertre Fabien , Majesté Jean-Charles
Published: January 2020

Following previous work evidencing that short PPG chains incorporated into crude SBR/silica nanocomposites act as filler-network softeners without changing their structure, we propose in the present report to examine more operative vulcanized materials.
Mechanism and control of “coffee-ring erosion” phenomena in structurally colored ionomer films
Authors: Islam Sabina , Velev Orlin D.
Published: January 2020

Structurally colored sulfopolyester films with higher fraction of hydrophilic groups experience higher “coffee-ring erosion” as a result of water droplet deposition.
Dual LSPR of Au/W18O49 heterostructures for upconversion enhancement and application of molecular detection
Authors: Yang Yang , Cong Yan , Lin Xiang , Cao Baosheng , Dong Dapeng , Liu Kuichao , Xiao Yu , Shang Jingyu , Bao Yanan , Liu Yang , Fang Guoqiang , Wang Yue , Chen Yongqi , Zhang Jiahua , Dong Bin
Published: January 2020

A dual detection method for R6G using SERS signal monitoring and fluorescence sensing based on dual LSPR of Au/W18O49.
Nanomaterial-based gas sensors used for breath diagnosis
Authors: Zhou Xinyuan , Xue Zhenjie , Chen Xiangyu , Huang Chuanhui , Bai Wanqiao , Lu Zhili , Wang Tie
Published: January 2020

Gas-sensing applications commonly use nanomaterials (NMs) because of their unique physicochemical properties, including a high surface-to-volume ratio, enormous number of active sites, controllable morphology, and potential for miniaturisation.
VE-cadherin fusion protein substrate enhanced the vasculogenic mimicry capability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Shuai Qizhi , Cao Lei , Qin Zheng , Zhang Yan , Gu Zhongwei , Yang Jun
Published: January 2020

High-density hVE-cad-Fc substrates enhance Bel7402 cell VM capabilities through elevating endogenous VE-cadherin expression and its downstream signal transduction.
Single wavelength excited multi-channel nanoMOF sensor for simultaneous and ratiometric imaging of intracellular pH and O2
Authors: Zhao Liwei , Yang Jian , Gong Ming , Zhang Yiwen , Gu Jinlou
Published: January 2020

A multi-channel LMOF nanosensor, capable of being excited at a single wavelength, was constructed for simultaneous imaging of intracellular pH and oxygen.
Efficient photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for lysosome- and Gram-positive bacteria-targeted photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhuang Jiabao , Yang Hanxiao , Li Yue , Wang Bing , Li Nan , Zhao Na
Published: January 2020

Efficient photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission effects were reported to selectively stain lysosome and Gram-positive bacteria, which further triggered the ablation of cancer cells and bacteria under white light irradiation.
Mix‐mode forward‐biased diode with low clamping voltage for robust ESD applications
Authors: Qi Zhao , Qiao Ming , Liang Longfei , Li Zhaoji , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2020

The forward‐biased diode has been widely applied in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection projects. In this Letter, various diodes with finger‐shaped topology are studied by transmission line pulse (TLP) and emission microscope (EMMI) experiments. Among them, a novel mix‐mode diode with P‐well and floating deep N‐well, called MMDIO, is fabricated by the same process and footprint, except that some discrete N+ regions are being added to the original anode P+ region. This approach forms a combination of a parasitic NPN transistor and a PNPN structure, which can significantly optimise the ESD current efficiency and clamping voltage (VCL). According to the comprehensive comparison, the MMDIO with overlapped anode N+ layout could endure the failure current 1.25 times higher than that of a regular diode under the same junction capacitance (Cj), while the VCL is reduced by 20%. Accordingly, the MMDIO is an attractive solution to pass the higher ESD level without any negative influence.
Network loss management and allocating the transmission losses to loads and generation units according to their transactions
Authors: Khosravi Masoud , Monsef Hassan , Aliabadi Mahmoud H.
Published: January 2020

During recent years, allocating the network losses to loads and generation units based on network transactions is an important issue in the power industry. This study presents an appropriate method to allocate the network losses to loads and generation units according to their network transactions. This method is appropriate and faster than other loss allocation techniques and does not consider unreasonable assumptions in the loss allocation process. This method explicitly assigns the network losses according to individual transactions, and this leads to allocate the network losses among all network transactions. This approach is based on the share of the loads and generation units on active and reactive power flows passing through the lines according to transactions. The implementation of the method on large networks is simple and fast. To approve the performance of the presented method, the proposed loss allocation technique has been applied to a three‐bus case study system and the IEEE 14‐bus test system. Also, several different transaction modes are used to show the performance of the presented method for transmission loss allocation based on transactions.
Allocation of PMU channels at substations for topology processing and state estimation
Authors: Müller Heloisa H. , Castro Carlos A. , Dotta Daniel
Published: January 2020

The new grid operation constraints, allied to the substation automation and intelligence, require the state estimation (SE) to work even more efficiently, with reliability and accuracy. The proposed method for optimally allocating existing phasor measurement unit (PMU) channels and their resources at substations ensures reliability in the SE process even in cases of equipment malfunctioning, and guarantees the quality improvement of the SE. The proposed algorithm has two stages. In the first stage, a genetic algorithm optimally allocates the PMUs. In the second stage, a heuristic method optimises measurement and channel allocation. Equipment failure, missing data, observability issues, methods to reduce critical sets in SE results to preserve the system's observability, are also discussed.
Hybrid feature selection–artificial intelligence–gravitational search algorithm technique for automated transformer fault determination based on dissolved gas analysis
Authors: Illias Hazlee Azil , Chan Kai Choon , Mokhlis Hazlie
Published: January 2020

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is commonly used to identify the fault type in power transformers. However, the available DGA methods have certain limitations because every method depends on the concentration of the dissolved gases. Therefore, in this work, hybrid feature selection–artificial intelligence–gravitational search algorithm (GSA) techniques were proposed to determine the fault type of power transformers based on DGA data. The artificial intelligence (AI) methods applied include support vector machine and artificial neural network. Both AI methods were optimised by GSA to enhance the accuracy of the results. Feature selections using stepwise regression and robust regression were applied to utilise only significant gases. The accuracy of the results was tested with various ratios of testing and training data. Comparison of the results using the proposed method with other optimisation methods and the previous works was performed to validate the performance of the proposed technique. It was observed that the proposed hybrid feature selection–AI–GSA technique yields reasonable accuracy although fewer types of dissolved gases were used. Therefore, the proposed method can be recommended for the application of automated power transformer fault type detection based on DGA data in practice.
Determination of operating conditions of LCC for PCOV calculation based on detailed analysis of commutation overshoot
Authors: Tang Yingjie , Xu Zheng , Xiao Huangqing , Yue Bo
Published: January 2020

The peak value of continuous operating voltage (PCOV) has a direct influence on the reference voltage of valve arrester, which appreciably influences the manufacturing cost of the line‐commutated converter (LCC). Since simulations with high accuracy based on broadband models are memory intensive and time consuming, it is important to determine the operating conditions for PCOV calculation to reduce computational burden. This study establishes piecewise expressions of ideal valve voltages in different converter operation modes, which is the basis for the investigation of commutation overshoots. A simplified circuit is established to evaluate the valve voltage stress, with a modification introduced on the calculation of voltage peaks across blocking valves, which is neglected by previous literature. Then, this study proves theoretically that the 6‐pulse rectifier operation mode and the long‐term overload power transmission with the maximum delay angle should be the corresponding operating condition for PCOV calculation. Conclusions derived from the analytical analysis have been validated by simulations based on broadband models for practical projects.
Fast identifying redundant security constraints in SCUC in the presence of uncertainties
Authors: Ding Tao , Qu Ming , Bai Jiawen , Jia Wenhao , Wu Jiang , He Yuankang , Chen Tianen
Published: January 2020

Security constrained unit commitment (SCUC), with renewable resources integrated into power grid, is one core function in the day‐ahead market. However, it confronts with critical challenges as the heavy complicated security constraints are considered. Usually, it is observed that lots of security constraints are redundant, which can be identified and eliminated, so as to reduce the computational complexity. In this study, the authors first lift the uncertain feasible region of SCUC into a high dimensional space. Furthermore, a fast identification method is proposed to relax the original feasible region, which thus can be solved by the classical greedy algorithm. In order to prevent the over‐relaxation and find more redundant constraints, an efficient feasible‐based bound tightening strategy is utilised to provide a tighter bound. Numerical results on large‐scale test systems verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of the departure time choices of metro passengers during peak hours
Authors: Cheng Qian , Deng Wei , Ammar Raza Muhammad
Published: January 2020

In this study, a stated preference (SP) survey based on a D‐efficient experimental design was conducted for the Nanjing Metro to examine the passenger flow and elaborate the heterogeneity of the departure time choice behaviour of metro passengers during peak hours. A latent class logit model was applied to calibrate the data, and the attribute variables were studied using an elasticity analysis. The survey identified four classes of metro passengers in peak hours who have different preferences for the departure time choice. The results show that fixed working hours and arrival time constraints are the major attributes that determine the classification of the passengers, while travel costs and overcrowding are the key factors that affect the departure time choice. However, passengers are more sensitive to metro fares than crowdedness. By reducing travel costs and mitigating overcrowding, passengers’ choice of departure time, especially when deciding whether to depart earlier than usual, was significantly affected. This study aims to provide theoretical support and a basis for decision‐making for metro operation departments to enact passenger flow control strategies.
Dual asymmetrical dc voltage source based switched capacitor boost multilevel inverter topology
Authors: Siddique Marif Daula , Mekhilef Saad , Sarwar Adil , Alam Afroz , Mohamed Shah Noraisyah
Published: January 2020

The superior power quality of the multilevel inverter (MLI) compared to the two‐level counterpart has increased its suitability for medium and high power applications. In the present work, a switched capacitor MLI topology has been presented, which utilises lesser switches and dc power supply and generates a 13‐level output voltage. The detailed analysis along with simulation and hardware results have been presented. The comparative performance of the proposed topology has also been presented.
Compact convolutional autoencoder for SAR target recognition
Authors: Guo Jun , Wang Ling , Zhu Daiyin , Hu Changyu
Published: January 2020

Learning discriminative features is difficult for deep learning‐based target recognition in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with small training samples. To achieve a better feature learning, this study proposes a new deep network, a compact convolutional autoencoder (CCAE) for SAR target recognition. CCAE minimises the reconstruction loss and the distance between intra‐class samples simultaneously by imposing compactness constraint on the encoder, which results in a more discriminative feature representation. Furthermore, the pretrained CCAE encoder can be used to initialise the corresponding parameters of a convolutional neural network to facilitate the training of the end‐to‐end model. Experimental results using the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition dataset show that the proposed method outperforms the existing deep learning‐based methods in the case of small training samples.
Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: The impact of X-rays
Authors: Franz R. , Picogna G. , Ercolano B. , Birnstiel T.
Published: January 2020

Context.X-ray- and extreme ultraviolet (XEUV) driven photoevaporative winds acting on protoplanetary disks around young T Tauri stars may crucially impact disk evolution, affecting both gas and dust distributions.

Aims.We investigate the dust entrainment in XEUV-driven photoevaporative winds and compare our results to existing magnetohydrodynamic and EUV-only models.

Methods.We used a 2D hydrodynamical gas model of a protoplanetary disk irradiated by both X-ray and EUV spectra from a central T Tauri star to trace the motion of passive Lagrangian dust grains of various sizes. The trajectories were modelled starting at the disk surface in order to investigate dust entrainment in the wind.

Results.For an X-ray luminosity ofLX= 2 × 1030erg s−1emitted by aM*= 0.7M⊙star, corresponding to a wind mass-loss rate ofṀw≃ 2.6 × 10−8M⊙yr−1, we find dust entrainment for sizesa0≲ 11μm (9μm) from the inner 25 AU (120 AU). This is an enhancement over dust entrainment in less vigorous EUV-driven winds withṀw≃ 10−10M⊙yr−1. Our numerical model also shows deviations of dust grain trajectories from the gas streamlines even forμm-sized particles. In addition, we find a correlation between the size of the entrained grains and the maximum height they reach in the outflow.

Conclusions.X-ray-driven photoevaporative winds are expected to be dust-rich if small grains are present in the disk atmosphere.
Public HARPS radial velocity database corrected for systematic errors
Authors: Trifonov Trifon , Tal-Or Lev , Zechmeister Mathias , Kaminski Adrian , Zucker Shay , Mazeh Tsevi
Published: January 2020

Context. The High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph has been mounted since 2003 at the ESO 3.6 m telescope in La Silla and provides state-of-the-art stellar radial velocity (RV) measurements with a precision down to ∼1 m s−1. The spectra are extracted with a dedicated data-reduction software (DRS), and the RVs are computed by cross-correlating with a numerical mask.

Aims. This study has three main aims: (i) Create easy access to the public HARPS RV data set. (ii) Apply the new public SpEctrum Radial Velocity AnaLyser (SERVAL) pipeline to the spectra, and produce a more precise RV data set. (iii) Determine whether the precision of the RVs can be further improved by correcting for small nightly systematic effects.

Methods. For each star observed with HARPS, we downloaded the publicly available spectra from the ESO archive and recomputed the RVs with SERVAL. This was based on fitting each observed spectrum with a high signal-to-noise ratio template created by coadding all the available spectra of that star. We then computed nightly zero-points (NZPs) by averaging the RVs of quiet stars.

Results. By analyzing the RVs of the most RV-quiet stars, whose RV scatter is < 5 m s−1, we find that SERVAL RVs are on average more precise than DRS RVs by a few percent. By investigating the NZP time series, we find three significant systematic effects whose magnitude is independent of the software that is used to derive the RV: (i) stochastic variations with a magnitude of ∼1 m s−1; (ii) long-term variations, with a magnitude of ∼1 m s−1 and a typical timescale of a few weeks; and (iii) 20–30 NZPs that significantly deviate by a few m s−1. In addition, we find small (≲1 m s−1) but significant intra-night drifts in DRS RVs before the 2015 intervention, and in SERVAL RVs after it. We confirm that the fibre exchange in 2015 caused a discontinuous RV jump that strongly depends on the spectral type of the observed star: from ∼14 m s−1 for late F-type stars to ∼ − 3 m s−1 for M dwarfs. The combined effect of extracting the RVs with SERVAL and correcting them for the systematics we find is an improved average RV precision: an improvement of ∼5% for spectra taken before the 2015 intervention, and an improvement of ∼15% for spectra taken after it. To demonstrate the quality of the new RV data set, we present an updated orbital solution of the GJ 253 two-planet system.

Conclusions. Our NZP-corrected SERVAL RVs can be retrieved from a user-friendly public database. It provides more than 212 000 RVs for about 3000 stars along with much auxiliary information, such as the NZP corrections, various activity indices, and DRS-CCF products.
External optimal control of fractional parabolic PDEs
Authors: Antil Harbir , Verma Deepanshu , Warma Mahamadi
Published: January 2020

In [Antilet al. Inverse Probl.35(2019) 084003.] we introduced a new notion of optimal control and source identification (inverse) problems where we allow the control/source to be outside the domain where the fractional elliptic PDE is fulfilled. The current work extends this previous work to the parabolic case. Several new mathematical tools have been developed to handle the parabolic problem. We tackle the Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin cases. The need for these novel optimal control concepts stems from the fact that the classical PDE models only allow placing the control/source either on the boundary or in the interior where the PDE is satisfied. However, the nonlocal behavior of the fractional operator now allows placing the control/source in the exterior. We introduce the notions of weak and very-weak solutions to the fractional parabolic Dirichlet problem. We present an approach on how to approximate the fractional parabolic Dirichlet solutions by the fractional parabolic Robin solutions (with convergence rates). A complete analysis for the Dirichlet and Robin optimal control problems has been discussed. The numerical examples confirm our theoretical findings and further illustrate the potential benefits of nonlocal models over the local ones.