bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The study of tamoxifen and raloxifene (STAR): First report of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the NSABP P-2 Breast Cancer Prevention Study
Authors: Ganz P. A. , Land S. R. , Wickerham D. L. , Lee M. , Ritter M. , Vogel V. , Pajon E. , Wade J. L. , Costantino J. P. , Wolmark N.
Published: March 2020

LBA561

Background: STAR is a double-blind, randomized phase III prevention trial designed to evaluate the relative efficacy of raloxifene (R) compared to tamoxifen (T) in reducing the incidence of invasive breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women. In addition to standard safety monitoring, PROs were measured for quality of life (QOL) and symptoms (SXs). Methods: QOL was measured with the MOS SF-36, the CES-D, and the MOS Sexual Activity Questionnaire. SXs were measured using a modified checklist (SCL) from the NSABP P-1 BCPT. Primary endpoints were the SF-36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scales. A sample size of 1,670 provided statistical power of at least 0.8 (two-tailed test, alpha = .05). The QOL study was open to accrual at selected sites between 1/4/2000 and 5/31/2001, with questionnaires administered at baseline (pre-treatment), q 6 mos until 60 mos, and at 72 mos. SCL data were collected on all STAR participants. Longitudinal analyses used mixed effects modeling for the PCS, MCS, CES-D, and regression analyses were used to compare the average severity of SCL scores between T and R. Results: 19,747 participants enrolled in STAR and were eligible for the SCL assessment, with median follow-up time (mFU) 4.6 yrs. The QOL study enrolled 1,983 participants, 973 assigned to T and 1,010 assigned to R, mFU 5.4 yrs. QOL participants were comparable to women accrued concurrently at non-participating institutions. SCL and QOL forms compliance was high (with a low of 75% at 4.5 yrs for SCL and 74% for QOL). Mean PCS and MCS scores declined modestly over the 60 mos on study, with no significant difference between T and R. Mean CES-D scores worsened slightly on study, but with no significant difference between T and R. However, statistically significant differences (all p’s < .002) were noted between the T and R for severity of SXs, with R women reporting greater musculoskeletal problems, dyspareunia and weight gain and T women reporting greater vasomotor symptoms, leg cramps, bladder and gynecological problems. Conclusions: There were no significant differences between T and R in PROs for physical & mental health or depresson. While SX severity was generally low in this postmenopausal sample, the pattern of SXs differed between T and R.

[Table: see text]
MACF1 promotes preosteoblast migration by mediating focal adhesion turnover through EB1
Authors: Su Peihong , Yin Chong , Li Dijie , Yang Chaofei , Wang Xue , Pei Jiawei , Tian Ye , Qian Airong
Published: March 2020

Microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) is a widely expressed cytoskeletal linker and plays essential role in various cells function by mediating cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. However, the function of MACF1 on preosteoblast migration is not clear. Here, by using MACF1 knockdown and overexpressed MC3T3-E1 cells, we found MACF1 positively regulated preosteoblast migration induced by cell polarization. Furthermore, immunofluorescent staining showed that MACF1 increased end-binding protein 1 (EB1) distribution along with microtubule (MT) and decreased distribution at focal adhesions (FA) complexes. Moreover, Upregulation of MACF1 activated Src level and enhanced the colocalization of EB1 with activated Src. In addition, MACF1 diminished colocalization of EB1 with APC, which induced EB1 release from FA and promoted FA turnover. These results indicated an important role and mechanism of MACF1 in regulating preosteoblast migration through promoting FA turnover by mediating EB1 colocalization with Src and APC, which inferred that MACF1 might be a potential targets for preventing and treating bone disorders.
Methylated Vnn1 at promoter regions induces asthma occurrence via the PI3K/Akt/NFκB-mediated inflammation in the IUGR mice
Authors: Xing Yan , Wei Hongling , Xiao Xiumei , Chen Zekun , Liu Hui , Tong Xiaomei , Zhou Wei
Published: March 2020

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) has high risk of developing bronchial asthma in childhood, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to disclose the role of vascular noninflammatory molecule 1 (vannin-1, encoded by the Vnn1 gene) and its downstream signaling in the IUGR asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin. More significant histological alterations and increase of vannin-1 expressions were revealed in IUGR asthmatic mice, accompanied by elevated methylation of Vnn1 promoter regions. In IUGR asthmatic mice, we also found i) a direct binding of HNF4α and PGC1α to Vnn1 promoter by CHIP assay; ii) a direct interaction of HNF4α with PGC1α; iii) upregulation of phospho-PI3K p85/p55 and phospho-AktSer473 and downregulation of phospho-PTENTyr366; iv) increase in nuclear NFκB p65 and decrease in cytosolic IκB-α. In primary cultured bronchial epithelial cells derived from the IUGR asthmatic mice, knockdown of Vnn1 prevented upregulation of phospho-AktSer473 and increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TGF-β production. Taken together, we demonstrate that elevated vannin-1 activates the PI3K/Akt/NFκB signaling pathway, leading to ROS and inflammation reactions responsible for asthma occurrence in IUGR. We also disclose that interaction of PGC1α and HNF4α promotes methylation of Vnn1 promoter regions and then upregulates vannin-1 expression.
Single cell force profiling of human myofibroblasts reveals a biophysical spectrum of cell states
Authors: Layton Thomas B , Williams Lynn , Colin-York Huw , McCann Fiona E. , Cabrita Marisa , Feldmann Marc , Brown Cameron , Xie Weilin , Fritzsche Marco , Furniss Dominic , Nanchahal Jagdeep
Published: March 2020

Mechanical force is a fundamental regulator of cell phenotype. Myofibroblasts are central mediators of fibrosis, a major unmet clinical need characterized by the deposition of excessive matrix proteins. Traction forces of myofibroblasts play a key role in remodelling the matrix and modulates the activities of embedded stromal cells. Here, we employ a combination of unsupervised computational analysis, cytoskeletal profiling and single cell traction force microscopy as functional readout to uncover how the complex spatiotemporal dynamics and mechanics of living human myofibroblast shape sub-cellular profiling of traction forces in fibrosis. We resolve distinct biophysical communities of myofibroblasts, and our results provide a new paradigm for studying functional heterogeneity in human stromal cells.
Imaging of the immune system – towards a subcellular and molecular understanding
Authors: Wen Lai , Fan Zhichao , Mikulski Zbigniew , Ley Klaus
Published: March 2020

Immune responses involve many types of leukocytes that traffic to the site of injury, recognize the insult and respond appropriately. Imaging of the immune system involves a set of methods and analytical tools that are used to visualize immune responses at the cellular and molecular level as they occur in real time. We will review recent and emerging technological advances in optical imaging, and their application to understanding the molecular and cellular responses of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. Optical live-cell imaging provides deep mechanistic insights at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organism levels. Live-cell imaging can capture quantitative information in real time at subcellular resolution with minimal phototoxicity and repeatedly in the same living cells or in accessible tissues of the living organism. Advanced FRET probes allow tracking signaling events in live cells. Light-sheet microscopy allows for deeper tissue penetration in optically clear samples, enriching our understanding of the higher-level organization of the immune response. Super-resolution microscopy offers insights into compartmentalized signaling at a resolution beyond the diffraction limit, approaching single-molecule resolution. This Review provides a current perspective on live-cell imaging in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the assessment of the immune system.
Dietary considerations in the evaluation and management of nocturia
Authors: Alwis Upeksha S , Monaghan Thomas F , Haddad Rebecca , Weiss Jeffrey P , Roggeman Saskia , Van Laecke Erik , Vande Walle Johan , Wein Alan J , Everaert Karel
Published: March 2020

Aim: This narrative review investigates the effect of dietary intake on nocturnal voiding severity. The primary aims of this review are to provide a framework for future research and ultimately contribute to more comprehensive, lifestyle-centered guidelines for the management of nocturia.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords “nocturia”, “diuresis”, “natriuresis”, “food”, “diet”, and “nutrients”.

Results: High fruit and vegetable consumption was negatively associated with nocturia. High intake of tea and dietary sodium showed a positive association with nocturia. Several foods have also been directly linked to changes in diuresis rate, glycemic control, and endogenous serum melatonin concentration, offering potential mechanisms for this observed effect. Overall quality of the evidence was low.

Conclusion: At present, there is limited evidence to suggest that certain foods, electrolytes, and specific compounds may contribute to the pathogenesis of nocturia. A greater understanding of the impact of food and nutrients on body fluid metabolism is needed to further refine the evaluation and treatment of nocturia.
Comparison of the Informed Health Choices Key Concepts Framework to other frameworks relevant to teaching and learning how to think critically about health claims and choices: a systematic review
Authors: Oxman Andrew D. , García Laura Martínez
Published: March 2020

Background:The Informed Health Choices (IHC) Key Concepts are principles for evaluating the trustworthiness of claims about treatment effects. The Key Concepts provide a framework for developing learning-resources to help people use the concepts when treatment claims are made, and when they make health choices.

Objective:To compare the framework provided by the IHC Key Concepts to other frameworks intended to promote critical thinking about treatment (intervention) claims and choices.

Methods:We identified relevant frameworks from reviews of frameworks, searching Google Scholar, citation searches, and contact with key informants. We included frameworks intended to provide a structure for teaching or learning to think critically about the basis for claims, evidence used to support claims, or informed choices. For a framework to be included, there had to be a description of its purpose; a list of concepts, competences, or dispositions; and definitions of key terms. We made independent assessments of framework eligibility and extracted data for each included framework using standardised forms.

Results:Twenty-two frameworks met our inclusion criteria. The purpose of the IHC Framework is similar to that of two frameworks for critical thinking and somewhat similar to that of a framework for evidence-based practice. Those frameworks have broader scopes than the IHC Framework. An important limitation of broad frameworks is that they do not provide an adequate basis (concepts) for deciding which claims to believe and what to do. There was at most some overlap between the concepts, competences, and dispositions in each of the 22 included frameworks and those in the IHC Framework.

Conclusions:The IHC Key Concepts Framework appears to be unique.  Our review has shown how it and other frameworks can be improved by taking account of the ways in which other related frameworks have been developed, evaluated, and made useful.
ccbmlib – a Python package for modeling Tanimoto similarity value distributions
Authors: Vogt Martin , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: March 2020

The ccbmlib Python package is a collection of modules for modeling similarity value distributions based on Tanimoto coefficients for fingerprints available in RDKit. It can be used to assess the statistical significance of Tanimoto coefficients and evaluate how molecular similarity is reflected when different fingerprint representations are used. Significance measures derived from p-values allow a quantitative comparison of similarity scores obtained from different fingerprint representations that might have very different value ranges. Furthermore, the package models conditional distributions of similarity coefficients for a given reference compound. The conditional significance score estimates where a test compound would be ranked in a similarity search. The models are based on the statistical analysis of feature distributions and feature correlations of fingerprints of a reference database. The resulting models have been evaluated for 11 RDKit fingerprints, taking a collection of ChEMBL compounds as a reference data set. For most fingerprints, highly accurate models were obtained, with differences of 1% or less for Tanimoto coefficients indicating high similarity.
Control-Stopping Games for Market Microstructure and Beyond
Authors: Gayduk Roman , Nadtochiy Sergey
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present a family of control-stopping games that arise naturally in equilibrium-based models of market microstructure as well as in other models with strategic buyers and sellers. A distinctive feature of this family of games is the fact that the agents do not have any exogenously given fundamental value for the asset, and they deduce the value of their position from the bid and ask prices posted by other agents (i.e., they are pure speculators). As a result, in such a game, the reward function of each agent at the time of stopping depends directly on the controls of other players. The equilibrium problem leads naturally to a system of coupled control-stopping problems (or, equivalently, reflected-backward stochastic differential equations), in which the individual reward functions (or reflecting barriers) depend on the value functions (or solution components) of other agents. The resulting system, in general, presents multiple mathematical challenges because of the nonstandard form of coupling (or reflection). In the present case, this system is also complicated by the fact that the continuous controls of the agents, describing their posted bid and ask prices, are constrained to take values in a discrete grid. The latter feature reflects the presence of a positive tick size in the market, and it creates additional discontinuities in the agents’ reward functions (or reflecting barriers). Herein we prove the existence of a solution to the associated system in a special Markovian framework, provide numerical examples, and discuss the potential applications.
Liver disease: changing epidemiology
Authors: Winter George
Published: March 2020

The UK has made significant progress in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis, yet the prevalence of severity of liver disease continues to rise. George Winter discusses the role of alcohol consumption and obesity in this changing epidemiology.
Curious patterns in hospital bed occupancy data
Authors: Jones Rodney P
Published: March 2020

In a preface to his soon-to-be-published research, Rodney P Jones discusses the thus far unexplained patterns revealed in a long-term analysis of hospital bed occupancy, along with other healthcare data, and what this could mean for hospital bed planning.
Revised standards of proficiencies for midwives: an opportunity to influence childhood health?
Authors: Meegan Samantha
Published: March 2020

The first 1 000 days of life are critical during early child development, yet the significance of this time and the impact on childhood health have only recently been recognised within the UK. In early 2020, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) released revised standards of proficiency for midwives. These draw on the evidence-base generated by recent research developments within public health, providing the first update of midwifery standards for a decade. This article critically explores the main aspects within the NMC's future midwife proficiencies that relate to the public health component of the midwifery role, and will examine how these factors can equip midwives of the future to support women, their babies and families within the fundamental early days of life.
Is there a place for servant leadership in nursing?
Authors: Best Catherine
Published: March 2020

With nursing in the spotlight in 2020, Catherine Best explores the role servant leadership can play in strengthening the profession

As 2020 is the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, nursing is in the spotlight. Nurses are well-placed to help achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which aim to improve health globally. However, in order to do so, high-quality healthcare leadership is needed. Disengaged leaders, high turnover, poor organisational culture and dysfunctional external relations can affect nurses' capacity to deliver optimum care. This article considers the role of the servant leader in bringing together nurses from all nations to speak with one voice in order to positively influence global health.
Use of Polyacrylamide Superabsorbent Polymers and Plantain Peel Biochar to Reduce Heavy Metal Mobility and Uptake by Wastewater-Irrigated Potato Plants
Authors: Dhiman Jaskaran , Prasher Shiv O. , ElSayed Eman , Patel Ramanbhai , Nzediegwu Christopher , Mawof Ali
Published: March 2020

Highlights

Amending soil with SAP+BC and SAP reduced Cd, Cu, and Zn uptake into potato tubers.

SAP+BC treatment led to greater Cd and Zn retention in topsoil.

Acrylamide monomers were not detected in potatoes grown in SAP-amended soil.

Potato peels accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals than tuber flesh.

Abstract. Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater; therefore, use of alternate sources for irrigation, such as wastewater, could alleviate increasing stress on freshwater resources. However, wastewater may contain contaminants such as heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn), which could be taken up by food crops and/or contaminate groundwater. To reduce the mobility of heavy metals in soil and deter their uptake by potatoes ( L.) irrigated with synthetic wastewater, polyacrylamide superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and a mixture of SAP and plantain peel biochar (SAP+BC) were tested as soil amendments. The experiment was performed in field lysimeters packed with sandy soil. SAP was incorporated into the soil layer from 0.15 to 0.25 m below the surface and BC was mixed into the top 0.10 m of soil, both at an application rate of 1% (w/w). Leachate and composite soil samples from different depths, collected after each irrigation event, were analyzed for heavy metals. Upon harvest, different plant parts were subjected to heavy metal analysis. Compared to the untreated control, the SAP+BC treatment led to significantly greater (p < 0.05) retention of Cd and Zn in the topsoil while significantly reducing (p < 0.05) Cd, Cu, and Zn uptake into potato tuber flesh tissue and Cd uptake into tuber peels. The SAP treatment also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) Cd uptake in the tuber as compared to the control. Acrylamide monomers were not detected in tuber flesh and peel samples for all treatments, indicating possible safe use of SAP and BC in soils to reduce heavy metal leaching and uptake by plants. Keywords: Biochar, Heavy metals, Hydrogels, Lysimeter, Plant uptake, Superabsorbent polymers, Wastewater.
Surface Covers Affect Liquid Manure Temperature, Albedo, and Evaporation
Authors: Cluett Jessie R. , VanderZaag Andrew C. , Rennie Timothy , Smith Ward , Gordon Robert J.
Published: March 2020

Highlights

Evaporation from clear water, manure, and separated liquid manure was 4.6 mm d-1 on average.

Straw, foam, geotextile, and roof covers decreased evaporation by 54%, 53%, 31%, and 21%, respectively.

Albedo was highest for floating foam covers and lowest for metal roof covers.

Straw, foam, and geotextile increased manure temperature compared to uncovered manure.

ABSTRACT. Evaporation is a key component of the surface energy budget of liquid manure. Models rely on accurate energy budgets to predict manure temperature, which in turn is used to model temperature-dependent greenhouse gas emissions from liquid manure storages. Due to lack of data, it has been assumed that liquid manure has similar evaporative properties to water; however, this assumption may be inaccurate. Many factors, including manure crusting, covers, and turbidity, are all likely to affect the surface energy budget and the evaporation rate. This experiment investigated the differences in evaporation between eight treatments, including water, dyed water, raw and separated liquid manure, and four commonly used covers (straw, geotextile, foam, and roof), by measuring weekly evaporation. Albedo, surface temperatures, and internal temperatures were also measured to determine treatment effects. Over the 10-week study, no significant difference was found between the evaporation rates of water, raw manure, and separated liquid manure, with an average rate of 4.6 mm d-1. Notably, the raw manure did not form a consistent surface crust, which may explain the similarities in evaporation rates in this study and is unlikely to represent manure with a crust. Overall, covers significantly decreased evaporative losses by between 21% and 54% compared to uncovered raw manure. Average evaporation rates of the covered treatments were 1.9 mm d-1 for straw cover, 2.0 mm d-1 for foam cover, 2.9 mm d-1 for geotextile cover, and 3.4 mm d-1 under a roof cover. Similarities between each treatment and water as well as between the four covered treatments and the uncovered raw manure were found using linear regression on weekly evaporation. Generally, the uncovered treatments were more similar and could be predicted (high R2) by multiple linear regression with environmental variables, while the covered treatments differed more and were not as well predicted (lower R2). Results from this study can help adjust evaporation rates in biophysical models to improve estimates of manure temperature, tank holding capacity, and emission predictions. Keywords: Evaporation, Dairy manure, Liquid manure, Manure covers, Manure management.
Global Water Security: Current Research and Priorities for Action
Authors: Ale Srinivasulu , Harmel R. Daren , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , DeJonge Kendall C. , Irmak Suat , Chaubey Indrajeet , Douglas-Mankin Kyle R.
Published: March 2020

Highlights

We provide context and perspectives on 13 articles in the Global Water Security collection.

Limited irrigation, precision irrigation, and sustainable water resources management were critical themes.

The collection emphasizes the need for adopting location-specific technologies to achieve global water security.

Advances in data acquisition, data analysis, and modeling should be utilized to aid managing water resources.

Abstract. This article introduces the Global Water Security collection in this issue of Transactions of the ASABE and issue 36(1) of Applied Engineering in Agriculture. Researchers, educators, industry partners, agricultural producers, and policymakers from 19 countries met at Hyderabad, India, to discuss critical issues and advancements at the Global Water Security Conference for Agriculture and Natural Resources. The conference was organized jointly by ASABE and the Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE). This special collection consists of 13 articles selected from the 245 meeting presentations as well as invited articles. A perspectives article in this collection summarizes seven key priorities identified for action at the conference: reduce food waste, increase wastewater reuse, increase agricultural resiliency and efficiency, optimize irrigation efficiency and increase crop water productivity, improve water supply management, improve water resource infrastructure, and enhance water resource decision-making and policy formulation. The remaining 12 articles address a wide range of water security topics grouped by four themes: sustainable management of water resources (3 articles), limited irrigation for water conservation (5 articles), precision irrigation management (2 articles), and water management in hilly regions (2 articles). While these articles are not inclusive of all water security challenges in the agriculture and natural resources sectors, they highlight selected important challenges and potential solutions. The research presented in this special collection emphasizes the importance of developing and using appropriate location-specific technologies that increase water application efficiency and water use efficiency while maintaining adequate water supplies for natural resource functions and ecosystem services to ensure global water security. Keywords: Climate change, Crop water productivity, Food security, Irrigation efficiency, Natural resource policy, Wastewater reuse, Water resource infrastructure, Water scarcity.
La historia de los intelectuales en España.
Authors: Aubert Paul
Published: March 2020

After the generation that produced the First Spanish Republic, intellectuals briefly controlled the state apparatus during the Second Spanish Republic. Their engagement in political life, relationship to power, and subsequent assumption of state duties provide a key to understanding Spain’s national history over the first third of the twentieth century. In short, the history of Spain’s intellectuals is tied inextricably to the history of the nation. To define what was at stake and explain the modes, stages and extent of the phenomenon involves a revival and renewal of political history and cultural history. Only recently has this history been regarded as a collective phenomenon, whose study ultimately has become a discipline in its own right. Prior to presenting the new approaches, it is appropriate to recall what this history entailed. After a brief examination of the current state of play, the paper outlines a set of methodological proposals drawing on the “balance and perspective” approach.
Two-stage optimization of uplink forwarding order with cooperative DBA to accommodate a TDM-PON-based fronthaul link
Authors: Hisano Daisuke , Nakayama Yu
Published: March 2020

A fronthaul (FH) link based on a time-division multiplexing passive optical network (TDM-PON) has received attention because it is highly cost effective. The uplink transmission has a long forwarding delay in the TDM-PON link, but this issue can be overcome using a cooperative dynamic bandwidth allocation (CO-DBA) scheme. An optical line terminal receives wireless scheduling information from the distributed unit, which is a part of the mobile base station, and can estimate the amount and arrival timing of the FH signal to an optical network unit (ONU) in advance. However, reports of conventional CO-DBA have not considered a situation involving the accommodation of a large number of ONUs, for which forwarding order control considering the FH characteristics is important. By focusing on maintaining the mobile coverage area as a design criterion, this study proposes a two-step maximization scheme of the number of transmittable ONUs within the FH requirement. Numerical simulation indicates improvements in the number of transmittable ONUs and bandwidth usage efficiency.
Algorithm for exact area-weighted antialiasing of discrete circular apertures
Authors: Will Scott D. , Fienup James R.
Published: March 2020

Accurately calculating diffraction from geometrical shapes such as circular apertures is important in computational Fourier optics. In this paper, we present an algorithm for exactly generating a discrete representation of a circular aperture whose pixel values are given by the integral of the true aperture within each pixel. We characterize the accuracy and runtime of the presented algorithm in comparison to approximate techniques such as binning high-resolution arrays, relative to the analytical Airy pattern.
Efficient numerical model of stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers
Authors: Smirnov Sergey
Published: March 2020

The paper proposes a novel efficient numerical model for simulation of spectral and temporal transformation of laser pulses due to interplay of Kerr and Raman nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion in the process of propagation through single-mode optical fibers. The model reproduces qualitatively the spectral shape of Raman gain within the approximation of slowly varying amplitudes using a pair of meshes (for pump and Stokes waves) with a reduced number of points. Nonlinear propagation of 100-ps-long laser pulses along an optical fiber is used as a test bed for the new model. It is shown that the proposed model provides accuracy better than 10% in Stokes wave energy growth speed, while being up to eight times more efficient in memory usage and computation speed compared to the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Efficient solar-blind ultraviolet detection based on a Sn2+ ion-activated fluosilicate glass
Authors: Zheng Ruilin , Xu Kai , Ding Jianyong , Gao Yongjin , Feng Qidong , Chen Xuan , Fu Lili , Wei Wei
Published: March 2020

As an effective method to improve the sensitivity of detection, spectral conversion technology has been widely used in solar-blind ultraviolet communication (UVC). However, producing a spectral converter with high efficiency, short decay lifetime, and excellent stability in the field of UVC detection remains an outstanding challenge. In this Letter, a kind of

S
n

2
+

activated fluosilicate (SFS) glass as a spectral converter for UVC detection has been prepared, which has a short lifetime (5.65 µs) and a high quantum efficiency (85%). The SFS decorated Si-based PIN photodiode enables strong absorption and subtly UVC shifts to an emission band optimized for the detector. Moreover, the outstanding performance of detection with responsivity of 27 µA/mW@278 nm, frequency limit up to 50 KHz, and rise/fall time scale of 15.14/18.71 µs@10 KHz is achieved. The comprehensive performance shows that SFS glass has the potential for efficient UVC detection in a scalable and low-cost strategy.
zPIE: an autofocusing algorithm for ptychography
Authors: Loetgering Lars , Du Mengqi , Eikema Kjeld S. E. , Witte Stefan
Published: March 2020

An autofocusing algorithm for ptychography is proposed. The method optimizes a sharpness metric that would be observed in a differential interference microscope and is valid for both amplitude and phase modulating specimens. We experimentally demonstrate that the algorithm, based on the extended ptychographic iterative engine (ePIE), calibrates the sample–detector distance with an accuracy within the depth of field of the ptychographic microscope. We show that the method can be used to determine slice separation in multislice ptychography, provided there are isolated regions on each slice of the specimen that do not axially overlap.
Circular photocurrent in the carbon nanowall film
Authors: Zonov R. G. , Mikheev G. M. , Obraztsov A. N. , Svirko Yu. P.
Published: March 2020

We report the helicity-dependent photocurrent in the carbon nanowall film synthesized on the silicon substrates by the chemical vapor deposition technique. The film is composed of multilayer graphene flakes grown along the substrate normal. We measured the transverse photocurrent generated in the film under irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses by depositing two conductive electrodes along the plane of incidence. The measurements were performed by using elliptically polarized fundamental, second-, third-, and fourth-harmonics beams of the Nd:YAG laser. We revealed that the shorter the excitation wavelength, the higher the magnitude of the helicity-dependent transverse photocurrent generated in the film. In particular, at wavelengths of 266 and 355 nm, the photocurrent strongly depends on the degree of the circular polarization of the laser beam while, at the wavelength of 1064 nm, the transverse photocurrent is almost helicity independent.
Numerical study of the degree of light scattering strength versus fractal dimension in strong to weak 2D and 3D disordered fractal optical media
Authors: Avery Ethan , Nanda Shirsendu , Regmi Binod , Sahay Peeyush , Pradhan Prabhakar
Published: March 2020

Optical scattering strength of fractal optical disordered media with varying fractal dimension is reported. The diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) technique is used to generate fractal samples in 2D and 3D, and fractal dimensions are calculated using the box-counting method. The degree of structural disorder of these samples is calculated using their light localization strength, via the inverse participation ratio (IPR) analyses of the optical eigenfunctions. Results show non-monotonous behavior of the disorder-induced scattering strength with the fractal dimension, attributed to competition between the increasing structural disorder due to the decrease in fractal dimension versus the decrease in scattering centers due to decreasing fractality.
La Sección Femenina en perspectiva. Historias y otros relatos sobre las mujeres de Falange
Authors: Barrera Begoña
Published: March 2020

La bibliografía dedicada al estudio de la Sección Femenina de FET-JONS cuenta ya con cuatro décadas de recorrido, tiempo durante el cual ha ido participando de distintas tendencias historiográficas. Partiendo de esta premisa, el propósito del presente ensayo es explorar las principales aportaciones sobre el falangismo femenino atendiendo tanto a la singularidad de sus diferentes análisis como al contexto epistemológico en el que estos se han desarrollado. Con este objetivo, la primera parte analiza transversalmente la polémica que ha mantenido más activa la atención sobre las mujeres del falangismo español, relativa a la contradicción entre el paradigma de feminidad que la élite de la Sección Femenina personificaba y el modelo que la misma imponía al resto de españolas, mientras que la segunda ofrece una revisión de las formas de escribir la historia de la Sección Femenina que resultan más pertinentes en la actualidad. Esta doble vía de estudio permite clarificar la evolución de los interrogantes que han venido guiando la investigación sobre la organización hasta hoy.
La Red Telefónica de Guipúzcoa durante la Guerra Civil Española
Authors: Soler Ferran Pablo , Iglesia Medina José Ramón
Published: March 2020

Son conocidos los análisis sobre la economía, finanzas y algunos sectores industriales en la Guerra Civil Española. En cambio, ha sido relativamente poco estudiado el papel jugado en dicha contienda por el sector de las telecomunicaciones. Analizamos aquí un caso concreto: la gestión durante el conflicto de la Red Telefónica Provincial de Guipúzcoa (RTG), que estuvo desde finales de septiembre de 1936 bajo control franquista excepto la central telefónica de Eibar que siguió en zona republicana hasta marzo de 1937.En base a documentos de diferentes archivos, se analizan diversos aspectos que ejemplifican la importancia estratégica de las redes telefónicas en la Guerra Civil, en este caso la guipuzcoana.En conclusión, se valida parcialmente, con el caso concreto de la RTG, la importancia del estudio de las redes telefónicas para entender globalmente el desarrollo del conflicto, haciéndose necesario extender el análisis a la Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España.
Governing mobility: deportation and the possibility of life in Pequeño Haití, Santo Domingo
Authors: Charafeddine Bulamah Rodrigo
Published: March 2020

El 23 de septiembre de 2013, el Tribunal Constitucional de República Dominicana juzgó el caso de Juliana Dequis Pierre. A partir de 2015, la sentencia 168-13 creó una nueva situación de “deportabilidad” que enfrentaron haitianos y dominicanos descendientes de haitianos. A través de entrevistas y de un trabajo de campo etnográfico, discuto las experiencias de esos actores y como ellos conciben la nueva situación y movilizan un vocabulario político específico. A partir de un aporte teórico de las discusiones sobre una antropología del estado, me dedico a pensar como el Estado dominicano y sus tecnologías y aparatos de contaje y control, a partir del censo nacional de 2010, llevó a cabo una política ingeniosa no siendo claro sobre lo que concebía y planeaba con relación a un grupo específico de personas considerados “en tránsito”, tras la Sentencia 163-19 del Tribunal Constitucional, conocida bajo el nombre de la sentencia. Argumento que, al hacer esto, el gobierno dominicano se aprovechó del momento para crear un espectáculo ambiguo de exclusión que produjo la ilegalidad de algunos sujetos mientras promovía su propia imagen como una de las más modernas naciones del Caribe, produciendo no solo formas de ciudadanía sino la vida de sus sujetos. Como las personas navegaran en esta nueva situación, y qué categorías históricas, políticas y epistemológicas movilizaron, es el tema central de este artículo.
Infralocus: cartografiando las prácticas de infrahumanidad del paseo de la Guerra Civil
Authors: Casado-Neira David
Published: March 2020

La localización y exhumación de fosas comunes son actualmente, podemos decir, el foco de las reivindicaciones con respecto a la Guerra Civil española y la represión de la dictadura franquista. En territorios españoles como Galicia, a pesar de haberse podido utilizar “chupaderos” o “agujeros negros” para desaparecer los cuerpos, se optó por lugares comunes y frecuentados a dónde se paseaba a los insurgentes. Los cuerpos eran abandonados allí donde eran visibles, haciendo que las prácticas de represión adquieran una dimensión pública inscrita en el espacio, que también es así violentado. Esas prácticas de desaparición niegan la humanidad de quien ha sido ajusticiado, los restos yacen en lugares y en formas marginales, se marcan simbólicamente como infrahumanos. Estos infraloci no son únicamente el escenario de una muerte violenta, son paisajes del terror, lugares marginales que marcan a quien es allí muerto. En muchos casos se trata de enterramientos de carácter individual, que parecen más bien fosas comunes fragmentadas, o fosas de tela de araña, con un ejecutor común y víctimas geográficamente dispersas. En este texto propongo una metodología peripatética para aproximarme a 14 lugares de muerte. Se rehúye de un enfoque basado en el testimonio con el objetivo de indagar en las otras dimensiones que surgen y están activas en torno al paseado más allá de la veracidad y la búsqueda de justicia o reparación.
Direct femtosecond laser surface structuring with complex light beams generated by q-plates
Authors: Nivas Jijil JJ , Allahyari Elaheh , Amoruso Salvatore
Published: March 2020

Direct femtosecond (fs) laser surface structuring became a versatile way to generate surface structures on solid targets demonstrating a high degree of flexibility and controllability in creating different types of structures for many applications. This approach demonstrated an alteration in various properties of the surface, such as optical properties, wetting response, etc. This paper focuses on direct fs laser surface structuring using complex light beams with spatially variant distribution of the polarization and fluence, with emphasis on the results obtained by the authors by exploiting q-plate beam converters. Although striking scientific findings were achieved so far, direct fs laser processing with complex light fields is still a novel research field, and new exciting findings are likely to appear on its horizon.
A case report of a pregnant woman diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) complicated by opioid tolerance
Authors: Grubman Olivia , Taylor Dyese , Rayapudi Madhavi , Brustman Lois
Published: March 2020

Background

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare form of cancer that has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate for localized disease of approximately 15%.

Case presentation

This is a report of a case of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) diagnosed in pregnancy in a patient with an opioid use disorder. The patient is a 37-year-old G7P2042 who presented at 29 weeks of gestation with acute right upper quadrant pain along with jaundince, and changes to her urine and stool. Her workup revealed CC, a rare diagnosis in pregnancy. Approximately 6 months after the diagnosis of ICC the patient died.

Conclusion

Along with the management of this cancer in pregnancy, this case was further complicated by opioid tolerance and the difficulty in controlling the patient’s pain in pregnancy.
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 probiotic does not alter the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin
Authors: Selig Daniel J. , DeLuca Jesse P. , Li Qigui , Lin Hsiuling , Nguyen Ken , Scott Shaylyn M. , Sousa Jason C. , Vuong Chau T. , Xie Lisa H. , Livezey Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2020

Background

Probiotics are live microbial organisms that provide benefit to the host while co-habitating in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics are safe, available over the counter, and have clinical benefit by reducing the number of antibiotic-associated diarrhea days. Prescriptions from providers and direct consumer demand of probiotics appear to be on the rise. Several recent animal studies have demonstrated that probiotics may have significant effect on absorption of co-administered drugs. However, to date, most probiotic-drug interaction studies in animal models have been limited to bacterial probiotics and nonantibiotic drugs.

Methods

We performed a traditional pharmacokinetic mouse study examining the interactions between a common commercially available yeast probiotic, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Florastor®) and an orally administered amoxicillin.

Results

We showed that there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life, area under the curve, peak concentrations, time to reach maximum concentration, elimination rate constant) of amoxicillin between the probiotic treated and untreated control groups.

Conclusions

Altogether, our findings suggest that coadministration or concurrent use of S. boulardii probiotic and amoxicillin would not likely alter the efficacy of amoxicillin therapy.
Anti-inflammatory potential of chia seeds oil and mucilage against adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and non-obese rats
Authors: Mohamed Doha A. , Mohamed Rasha S. , Fouda Karem
Published: March 2020

Background

Natural anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals may be useful in suppressing the incessant aggravation of rheumatoid arthritis. Chia seeds as a natural source of antioxidants help prevent several oxidative stress-mediated diseases. The current study was focused on arthritis combined with obesity and evaluated the validation of oil and mucilage extracted from chia seeds as anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals in obese and non-obese adjuvant arthritic rat model.

Methods

Chia seeds oil was extracted by pressing method, whereas the mucilage was extracted using water (50 °C for 30 min). Oil and freeze-dried mucilage were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects using 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Obesity was developed in rats after 8 weeks of feeding on high-fat high-sucrose diet; on the first day of the ninth week, chia seeds oil and mucilage were administrated for 21 days, and arthritis was induced either in obese or non-obese rats via the injection with Freund’s complete adjuvant. Swelling of the paw was then measured. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, serum lipid peroxidation, and erythrocyte catalase activity were determined.

Results

Results emphasized that arthritis with obesity resulted in the elevation of the swelling of the paw, TNF-α, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Chia seeds oil and mucilage, more promisingly the oil, attenuated TNF-α and the swelling of the paw, improved lipid profile, and diminished the oxidative stress both in obese and non-obese arthritic rats.

Conclusions

Results showed that chia seeds oil and mucilage exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and non-obese rats.
The synthesis and crystal structure of ethyl (E)-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((2-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, C22H15N3Cl2F6O4S
Authors: Chen Lianqing , Zhang Long , Tang Chenglong , Wu Zhongda
Published: March 2020

C22H15N3Cl2F6O4S, monoclinic, P1̄ (no. 14), a = 13.6099(10) Å, b = 12.0571(9) Å, c = 16.2351(13) Å, α = 90°, β = 112.714(2)°, γ = 90°, V = 1146.7(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0419, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1087, T = 173 K.
Design Considerations of Efficient Photo-Electrosynthetic Cells and its Realization Using Buried Junction Si Thin Film Multi Absorber Cells
Authors: Jaegermann Wolfram , Kaiser Bernhard , Finger Friedhelm , Smirnov Vladimir , Schäfer Rolf
Published: March 2020

As is obvious from previous work on semiconductor photoelectrochemistry, single junction semiconductors do not provide either the required maximum photovoltage or a high photocurrent for solar water splitting, which is required for efficient stand-alone devices. From these experiences we conclude, that multi-junction devices must be developed for bias-free water splitting. In this article we present our design considerations needed for the development of efficient photo-electro-synthetic cells, which have guided us during the DFG priority program 1613. At first, we discuss the fundamental requirements, which must be fulfilled to lead to effective solar water splitting devices. Buried junction and photoelectrochemical arrangements are compared. It will become clear, that the photovoltaic (PV) and electrochemical (EC) components can be optimized separately, but that maximized conversion efficiencies need photovoltages produced in the photovoltaic part of the device, which are adapted to the electrochemical performance of the electrolyzer components without energetic losses in their coupling across the involved interfaces. Therefore, in part 2 we will present the needs to develop appropriate interface engineering layers for proper chemical and electronic surface passivation. In addition, highly efficient electrocatalysts, either for the hydrogen or oxygen evolution reaction (HER, OER), must be adjusted in their energetic coupling to the semiconductor band edges and to the redox potentials in the electrolyte with minimized losses in the chemical potentials. The third part of our paper describes at first the demands and achievements on developing multijunction thin-film silicon solar cells. With different arrangements of silicon stacks a wide range of photovoltages and photocurrents can be provided. These solar cells are applied as photocathodes in integrated directly coupled PV-EC devices. For this purpose thin Pt and Ni catalyst layers are used on top of the solar cells for the HER and a wire connected RuO2counter electrode is used for the OER. Electrochemical stability has been successfully tested for up to 10,000 s in 0.1 M KOH. Furthermore, we will illustrate our experimental results on interface engineering strategies using TiO2as buffer layer and Pt nanostructures as HER catalyst. Based on the obtained results the observed improvements, but also the still given limitations, can be related to clearly identified non-idealities in surface engineering either related to recombination losses at the semiconductor surface reducing photocurrents or due to not properly-aligned energy states leading to potential losses across the interfaces.