bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SURGICAL PLANNING IN IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS: APP USABILITY AND UTILITY
Authors: VERDE EMíLIO CRISóSTOMO LIMA , CARVALHO ABRAHãO CAVALCANTE GOMES DE SOUZA
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the usability and usefulness of an application developed for surgical planning of scoliosis correction to measure the time spent on planning. Methods: Experimental, controlled, cross-sectional, and applied study. The application underwent a usability test using the SUS questionnaire, in addition to applying a questionnaire to assess its usefulness using the TAM utility perception model. Thirty-six volunteers were divided into three groups: residents, orthopedists from the Brazilian Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (SBOT), and spine surgeons. Results: By applying the SUS questionnaire, the application obtained a score of 75.69, representing classification C on the Sauro and Lewis scale, the third best. The application’s utility was considered good after evaluating the positive responses of the TAM model. On average, planning through the application was 20% faster than manual planning. Conclusion: The Scoliplan application proved useful and optimizes surgical planning in AIS, as it establishes a step-by-step standardization supported by the literature (Suk classification); it helps the user with uniform and reliable planning. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic Studies.
VERTEBRAL TUBERCULOSIS: MECHANICAL COMPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM CAGE VS. STRUCTURAL ALLOGRAFT SURGERY
Authors: AFONSO PEDRO PASCHOAL CASSAPIS CARDOSO , COUSIñO JUAN PABLO CABRERA , SILVA LUIS EDUARDO CARELLI TEIXEIRA DA , MINAMOTO SANDRA TIE NISHIBE , BARROS ALDERICO GIRÃO CAMPOS DE
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: This scientific article describes a retrospective longitudinal study that aimed to compare the outcomes and mechanical complications between patients who underwent the use of either structural allograft (SA) or titanium cage (TC) for vertebral body replacement in the management of tuberculosis in thoracic and lumbar segments. Methods: The sample consisted of 22 cases of vertebral tuberculosis surgically treated, of which 17 cases applied TC containing autograft, and five cases applied SA from a tissue bank. The median age in group A was 32.1, and in group B was 5.2. Results: The results showed no statistical difference in the number of resected vertebrae, the amount of instrumented levels, and the correction of the angular value in coronal and sagittal planes as per Cobb method. Furthermore, there were no cases of subsidence, fracture, or displacement of SA or TC until the last postoperative follow-up. However, in group A, four cases of metal rod fracture, one case of proximal junctional failure, and three cases of operative wound infection were identified, all of which improved after debridement and antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: It was concluded that both SA and TC filled with autologous bone for anterior column support and vertebral body replacement in treating tuberculosis presented similar postoperative correction outcomes with similar rates of postoperative mechanical complications. Future studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are necessary to evaluate the occurrence of rod fracture. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.
MODULATION OF BRAIN WAVES IN SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS WITH PAIN: CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE THAYSE SARAIVA DE , NASCIMENTO FILHO PAULO CEZAR DO , MESQUITA YARA CARLIANE DE ABREU , OLIVEIRA LIANA PRAçA , HOTTA GISELE HARUMI , OLIVEIRA FRANCISCO CARLOS DE MATTOS BRITO , SANTOS JUNIOR FRANCISCO FLEURY UCHOA
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to describe the encephalographic electrical rhythm pattern of the Alpha wave in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury in the thoracic spine. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted from January to March 2022. A total of 20 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury were included in the study and divided into two groups, with pain symptoms and without pain symptoms. Both groups were submitted for evaluation for population characterization, identification of the presence of pain and the possible presence of signs and symptoms of central sensitization and quantitative electroencephalographic examination. Results: Comparing them, it was possible to observe a reduction of 38.7% (2.69µV; 95%CI 1.28 to 4.09) in the Alpha 2 wave (10-12 Hz) in the group with pain symptoms. This alteration was identified in the parietal lobe, mainly in PZ. Conclusion: We observed a selective reduction of Alpha 2 waves, mainly in the parietal region (PZ), in spinal cord injury patients with pain compared to spinal cord injury patients without pain. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic Studies.
Clave dicotómica de identificación de familias de angiospermas (APG IV) presentes en Aguascalientes y zonas aledañas (México)
Authors: Martínez-Ramírez Julio , Ocampo Gilberto
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Recientemente se publicó la Flora Dicotiledónea de Aguascalientes (FDA). Sin embargo, se detectó que la clave de identificación para familias tiene problemas importantes y no permite identificar todas las familias de dicotiledóneas presentes en el estado.

Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: Se puede elaborar una clave dicotómica para identificar todas las familias de angiospermas (sensu APG IV) registradas para Aguascalientes. Además, se pueden incorporar familias encontradas en municipios de Jalisco y Zacatecas adyacentes a la entidad.

Especies de estudio: Familias de angiospermas.

Sitio y años de estudio: Estado de Aguascalientes (México) y municipios aledaños de Jalisco y Zacatecas; años 2021-2023.

Métodos: Se registraron las familias de angiospermas conocidas para Aguascalientes y municipios aledaños de Jalisco y Zacatecas, a través de la revisión de herbarios y de la FDA, Se elaboró una clave dicotómica para su identificación y se probó y mejoró de manera paulatina, tomando en cuenta los géneros y especies conocidos en el área en estudio.

Resultados: La clave de identificación incluye 132 familias de angiospermas, de las cuales 24 pertenecen a monocotiledóneas y 108 a dicotiledóneas; solamente de cinco no se han registrado miembros en Aguascalientes.

Conclusiones: La clave de identificación dicotómica, por su naturaleza práctica, es una herramienta que permite incorporar los taxones de interés, sin contemplar estrictamente aspectos filogenéticos o evolutivos que rigen algunos sistemas de clasificación. Se considera que esta clave es de utilidad para reforzar la información presentada en la FDA, así como para promover el estudio de las angiospermas de la región.
Simulation of Ice Melting Dynamics on the Wires of Overhead Power Lines and Traction Contact Suspensions
Authors: Zakaryukin Vasiliy , Kryukov Andrey
Published: November 2023

Ice deposits on the wires can lead to their misalignment, convergence, "dance" and rupture, as well as to the destruction of traverses, cantilever structures, brackets and even the supports themselves. The release of wires from the ice can be performed by mechanical, thermal and chemical methods. Heating of wires to prevent ice buildup, as well as the melting of ice on their surface, are thermal methods. In the conditions of digitalization of the electric power industry to select the most relevant melting scheme we should use mathematical models that take into account all the factors of complex processes of heating and melting of ice deposits, as well as modern computer technologies. Such mathematical models can be implemented on the basis of modeling methods for electric power systems and railway traction networks developed at the Irkutsk State Transport University. The article presents the results of research aimed at developing mathematical methods and software for modeling the dynamics of ice melting on wires of overhead power lines and contact suspensions of traction networks. The results of the study enabled us to include in the Fazonord software package a module to calculate ice melting on the wires of overhead power lines and traction networks. It determines the currents in the wires, their temperatures and thickness of the remaining ice buildup above the melted groove. These parameters are calculated for the beginning and for the end of the controlled wire. On this basis, a systematic approach is applied to solve the problem of modeling ice melting processes, since the calculations of thermal processes are based on determining the modes of a complex EPS or a traction power supply system. The use of the developed methods and software will ensure the application of more efficient measures to eliminate icing from power lines and contact suspensions.
The Beginnings of Optimization: Snell's Law and Fermat's Principle
Authors: Zorkaltsev Valeriy
Published: November 2023

The study provides a brief description of the basic concepts of the theory and its history. We considered Fermat's principle of least time, proposed to substantiate Snell's experimentally established law of refraction of light. This example can be applied as the beginning of the formation of any scientific discipline. The main purpose is to show the benefits of applying three components: experiments, bold hypotheses and mathematical models.
The Study of the Relationship Between the Russian and Buryat Languages Using the Matrix of Proximity Measures Between Consonant Word Classes
Authors: Borovsky Andrei , Bratishchenko Vladimir , Rakovskaya Elena
Published: November 2023

The article proposes a new approach to study the connection between the Russian and Buryat languages, borrowings in the Buryat language, based on the methods of historical and mathematical linguistics. For the work, a frequency Russian-Buryat dictionary was used, in which each word was transformed using consonant classes, after which the Ratcliffe-Obershelp pairwise similarity metrics were calculated for the words of the dictionary and their transformed forms. But on the basis of the data obtained, a matrix of measures of proximity of consonant classes (MMCC) of words of two languages was built. Additionally, for a number of measures of each word, statistical characteristics were calculated - average, minimum, maximum, variance estimate. For Buryat words, the correlation coefficients of a series of measures that characterize the similarity of words were determined. As a result of the calculations, a measure of the similarity of the consonant classes of words in the Russian and Buryat languages was obtained, which characterizes the mutual influence of languages and the amount of borrowing of Russian forms in the Buryat language. The paper shows the effectiveness of the method of the matrix of similarity measures of consonantal classes of words for comparing languages.
The Problem of Choosing the Optimal Start Date for the Russian Economic Year
Authors: Zorkaltsev Valeriy , Chuprov Sergey
Published: November 2023

The study analyzed the problem of choosing the best date for the beginning of the economic (financial, tax, economic) year for Russia. We considered the dependence on the date of the beginning of the economic year of the quality (accuracy, usefulness) of annual reports, economic plans and forecasts. The influence of the date of the economic year on the effectiveness of the management of certain sectors of the economy - electric power, fuel supply, utilities, construction, and agriculture is revealed. In this regard, April 1 seems to be the most convenient date for the start of the economic year for many seasonal industries, including water transport, mining industry, and exploration. Establishing the beginning of the financial year on October 1 has its advantages for the processing industry. Mathematical formulations of the problems of choosing the optimal dates for the beginning of the financial year in order to minimize the costs of regulating seasonal fluctuations and maximizing the average annual production efficiency are given. It is proposed to move the start date of the economic year in Russia to 1 October or 1 April.
Using the Scikit-Learn Library and Our Own Clustering Program to Process Statistical Data on Failures of Double-Circuit Gas Boilers
Authors: Shcherban Pavel , Abu-Hamdi Reda , Karagadyan Artur
Published: November 2023

At the present stage of technology development, a large number of industrial enterprises and service organizations often have the problem of processing arrays of statistical data on emergency situations and equipment failures. The increase of information quantity and its complexity, the multifactorial nature of the occurred failures and the risks, which are associated with it, do not allow us to use primitive mechanisms of statistical analysis and accounting. Clustering of statistical information is one of the ways to stratify incoming data, identify certain patterns in equipment failures and establish the weight of influencing factors. For small and medium-sized enterprises involved in the maintenance and repair process, this is especially important, because along with identifying the causes of malfunctions and failures, the application of clustering to an array of statistical data provides information for strategic planning - the volume of repair work, the volume of materials and components procurement, time management, and in general, prognostics. Processing of an array of data requires the involvement of appropriate software. For this purpose, both freely available packages (for example, the scikit-learn library with the Jupyter Notebook interactive computing environment used in the work) and proprietary software products designed for investigation of specific problem can be used. In the study, we conducted sequential processing and normalization of the initial data on boilers equipment failures for cluster analysis. Then the cluster analysis itself is performed and its results are compared, obtained on the basis of the scikit-learn library with Jupyter Notebook public interactive computing environment and the data received from clustering program of our own design.
Mathematical Model of the Processes Occurring in the Mechanical Part of the Transmission Test Bench
Authors: Sorokin Alexander
Published: November 2023

The work is devoted to the creation of a mathematical model that reflects the specifics of the processes occurring in the kinematic part of the test stand for mechanical transmissions. The task of the stand is to check the performance of products before the large-nodal assembly of mechanisms. The testing process is characterized by the transfer of energy through the rotating shaft of the transmission with its loading according to a certain law, which is determined by the controlled operating and emergency modes of the transmission. The mechanical part of the stand consists of three rotors of electrical machines connected to each other by a shaft up to 7 meters long, as well as two gearboxes. The presence of a long shaft raises the question of the presence in the mechanical part of the stand of an elastic link with distributed parameters, which can have a significant impact on the dynamics of the stand. In the work, a justification was made for simplifying the mathematical model of the processes occurring in the mechanical part of the stand. For the synthesis of the automatic speed control system of the test bench, it is difficult to use the representation of the transmission as a link with distributed parameters. A check was made of the possibility of equivalent reduction of the kinematic system of the stand with distributed parameters to a two-mass system with lumped parameters. The results of the natural experiment showed the correctness of this assumption.
Virtual Embassy: New Technologies of Representation and Influence (Rethinking the American Experience)
Authors: Arlyapova Elena , Ponomareva Elena
Published: November 2023

This article analyzes the American experience of creating and operating a virtual embassy in Iran. We consider theissue through the prism of the development of new information technologies and their applicability in the fields offoreign policy and diplomacy. In the Russian expert environment, this topic has not received due attention and reflection,although it could become an independent direction in academic study. Most importantly, the virtual embassycould offer a quick and relatively inexpensive solution to very specific challenges—both on a temporary and permanentbasis—in the practical part of current foreign policy.For Russia, the experience of implementing and managing such a technological unit could be applied in severaldifferent areas, united by the impossibility or difficulty of carrying out activities through traditional diplomaticchannels in a particular political and geographical area. One of the most suitable locations for the application of suchefforts is the polity of Kosovo, where the work of the Russian diplomatic mission is not being carried out for formalreasons that are understandable but lag behind the rapidly changing conditions of international life. As a result,there is a risk that future work in the region will need to start from scratch or even make up lost ground. But this isjust one, and the most obvious, example of the need to virtualize a diplomatic mission. The current crisis has revealedthe contours of much larger areas that are now inaccessible to Moscowʼs traditional diplomatic activity but requireconstant attention and systematic work. An alternative could be a virtual space—as a launching pad for dialogue andthen transformed into complementary and reinforcing tools of presence and influence. The successful experience ofRussian media abroad speaks for the high potential and good chances of these new directions.
The GATT/WTO Participation and Asia-Pacific Regional Trade: Long-Term Effects?
Authors:   Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Academician, Izotov Dmitry
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of participation by Asia-Pacific countries (APCs) in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) on their reciprocal trade from 1993–2021. The reduction of various barriers due to the APCs’ participation in the GATT/WTO, as well as in trade agreements, has contributed to the fact that, over the past three decades, trade in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) has become predominantly intra-regional. The estimates obtained by the author point to the long-term, positive impact of membership in the GATT/WTO on the trade of the APCs, explaining the dominance of the effect of globalization over the effect of regionalization. The processes of globalization and regionalization in the APR were neither conflicting nor complementary to each other. The estimates developed by the author show that the effects of the APCs’ participation in the GATT/WTO contributed to an increase in intra-regional trade by 129% and to an 11% increase in the entry into force of trade agreements. The results also show that bilateral (direct) participation of APCs in the GATT/WTO led to an increase in intra-regional trade by 46%, and unilateral (indirect) participation – by 110%. These results prove the importance of countries’ participation in the GATT/WTO for creating a relatively free area for trade in the APR, reducing various restrictive measures and intensifying intra-regional trade. Estimates of the border effect confirm the reduction of total barriers in interactions between the APCs in the long term. The article shows that the discussion and creation of various trade formats, including the largest in terms of coverage of the participating countries, on the one hand, can contribute to the fragmentation of the trade and economic system of the APR; on the other hand, it creates conditions for further liberalization of trade relations, complementing the functions of the WTO. The author suggests that participation in the WTO may allow Russia to use the mechanisms of globalization to discuss the easing of restrictions, as well as to increase trade with countries that do not implement strong restrictions on the Russian economy, including some of APCs
The Problem of Divergence of ESG Ratings Awarded by Persons Providing Services for the Assessment of Sustainable Development. The Main Trends in the Field of Legislative Regulation of the ESG rating Institute in Russia and in the World
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ermokhin Ivan , Burhanova Yulia , Levashenko Antonina ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: November 2023

Confidence in environment, social, and governance (ESG) ratings among investors remains at a fairly low level. An Edelman Insights study [2021] reported that almost three out of four institutional investors do not trust companies to achieve their stated commitments in the fields of sustainability, ESG, or diversity, equity, and inclusivity (DEI). One of the reasons for this distrust is the divergence of ESG ratings – that is, the difference in ratings given by different ESG agencies to the same companies. The origins of this problem lie in the fact that there is still no developed framework to regulate the process of assessing the sustainable development of companies. However, more and more international actors are becoming involved in this issue in order to increase confidence in the assessments of ESG rating providers. For example, codes of conduct for data and ESG ratings providers have already been issued by the United Kingdom (UK), the European Union (EU), India, and Japan. The Central Bank of Russia also issued an information letter on the regulation of the activities of ESG rating providers in the summer of 2023. This article studies the problem ESG ratings’ divergence and determines ways to solve it through the development of regulatory control. It also studies the main trends in the legislative regulation of this institution in order to implement them into the Russian regulatory framework. In this regard, an analysis of work by Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the study of differences in ESG ratings was carried out; additionally, the main approaches of international organizations and legislative bodies of Russia and other countries in the sphere of regulating ESG information providers and mandatory non-financial reporting of companies were studied. The main problems affecting the reduction of ESG data correlation are identified, solutions for them are proposed, and the key trends in improving the comparability of ESG ratings by international actors are noted. The comparative legal method was used in the study. The analysis shows that international actors resolve the problem of divergence by increasing their interpretability, but not through strict regulation. They propose to develop basic recommendations regarding methodologies, evaluation criteria, and weighting factors, while at the same time consolidating the responsibility of ESG rating agencies to disclose their methodology, the terminology used, and their rating definitions. The task is to create harmonized standards for, and transparency of, the ESG assessment process.
Çift katmanlı cephelerin yangın güvenliği açısından incelemesi
Authors: AŞLAR Eylem Ezgi , ULUKAVAK HARPUTLUGİL Gülsu
Published: November 2023

Yapılı çevrede insan sağlığı, konforu ve güvenliği öncelikli öneme sahiptir. Güvenlik önlemleri içerisinde en önemli risklerin başında yangın riski gelmektedir. Bu nedenle yangın riski, yayılımı ve güvenliği konusu, yapı tasarımı aşamasından itibaren dikkat edilmesi gereken başlıca konular arasında yer alan kriterlerden biri olarak kabul edilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, 3 boyutlu olarak tasarlanan, aynı kat yüksekliğine, farklı plan ve cephe türüne sahip yapı modeller yangın simülasyon programında analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen veriler üzerinden cephe ve plan tiplerine göre yangın anında ortaya çıkan sıcaklık, duman ve alev yayılım sonuçları tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda, çift katmanlı cephelerde kutu tipi sistemlerin canlıların tahliyesi konusunda en sorunlu cephe tipi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Duman yayılımı açısından ise, diğer katlara erişimi ve yayılımı göz önüne alındığında cephe boyunca kesintisiz devam eden sistemlerin sorun oluşturduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yangın güvenliğini bir tasarım problemi olarak ele almak gerekmektedir. Bu konu üzerinde ülkemizde daha detaylı çalışmalar yapılması gerektiği, yapının karar aşamasından uygulama aşamasına kadar simülasyonların dikkate alınarak projelendirme yapılması gerektiği ve yönetmeliklerin gerek tasarım, gerek uygulama aşamasında iyi bir kılavuz olması adına geliştirilmesi gerektiği değerlendirilmektedir.
Yapay sinir ağları yöntemiyle İstanbul ili doğal gaz tüketiminin tahmini ve şehir giriş istasyonlarının planlanması
Authors: BALIKÇI Vedat , GEMİCİ Zafer , TANER Tolga , DALKILIÇ Ahmet Selim
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, Yapay Sinir Ağları kullanılarak İstanbul Asya yakası ve Avrupa yakası için günlük ve saatlik doğal gaz talep tahmin modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Doğal gaz kullanımını etkileyen parametreler; tüketici sayısı, ortalama günlük sıcaklık, minimum günlük sıcaklık, resmî tatiller, ısıtma derece gün sayısı olarak belirlenmiştir. 2008'den 2018'in sonuna kadar elde edilen veriler kullanılarak MATLAB yazılımı ile talep tahmin modelleri oluşturulmuş ve İstanbul’da son yüzyıl içerisinde yaşanmış en soğuk gün olan 9 Şubat 1929 günlük en düşük -16oC ve günlük ortalama -7oC sıcaklık değerlerine göre 2027 yılına kadar doğal gaz talebi tahmini yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma neticesinde, doğal gaz talep tahmini ile hangi yıl doğal gaz şehir giriş istasyonunun kurulacağına karar verilmektedir. Doğal gaz dağıtım şirketi tarafından bakıldığında, doğru tahmin yapılabilirliği sistemde oluşabilecek hataları azaltır ve gaz dağıtım planlamasını daha isabetli olanak sağlar. Bu şekilde, gaz sistemleri çok daha gerçekçi ve karlı hale gelir. Müşteri tarafından bakıldığında ise doğru tahmin değerleri, sistemde oluşabilecek hataları azaltacağı için bu da müşterilerin gazsız kalma olasılığını minimize eder. Ayrıca, Synergi Gas yazılımı ile İstanbul Asya ve Avrupa bölgelerinde yer alan dağıtım ağının hız ve basınç kriterleri dikkate alınarak, talep tahminine dayalı olası kötü senaryolar için doğal gaz şehir giriş istasyonlarının nereye kurulacağı öngörülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre İstanbul Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş. tarafından doğal gaz şehir giriş istasyonları projelendirme çalışması yapılmıştır.
Yeni bir yüksek ivmeli göğüs kompresyon cihazının tasarımı ve simülasyonu
Authors: KAĞIZMAN Ahmet , SEZER Volkan
Published: November 2023

Kalp durması için bir tıbbi müdahale yöntemi olan KardiyoPulmoner Resusitasyon (KPR), kanın hayati organlara akması için enerji veren etkili göğüs kompresyonları gerektirir. Amerikan Kalp Derneği (AHA) yönergelerine göre önerilen KPR tekniği standart manuel KPR'dir. Ancak son yıllarda, daha tutarlı göğüs kompresyonu elde etmek için birçok farklı mekanik KPR teknolojisi geliştirilmiştir. Bu teknolojiler, AHA kılavuzlarında belirtilen manuel KPR parametrelerine ulaşabilseler de, hiçbirinin manuel KPR'den daha üstün olduğu henüz kanıtlanmamıştır. Makinelerin insanlardan nasıl daha üstün olamayacağının olası bir açıklaması başlangıç momentumudur. İnsan üst vücut kütlesi, manuel KPR sırasında iyi bir momentum kaynağı olabilir ve yüksek başlangıç momentumlu ve dolayısıyla yüksek ivmeli göğüs kompresyonu, kanın pulsatil bir dalga biçiminde akmasını sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada, çift kaydırıcı-krank ve dinamik biyelden oluşan yüksek ivmeli göğüs kompresyonu yapabilen özel piston mekanizmalı yeni bir mekanik KPR cihazı tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan piston mekanizmasının simülasyon sonuçlarının konum ve hız-zaman grafikleri hem matematiksel model hem de başka bir çalışmadan elde edilen LUCAS-2 ve CORPULS cihazlarının sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmış ve önerilen mekanizmanın daha yüksek ivmeye sahip olduğu doğrulanmıştır.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms on Electroencephalographic Signals to Assess Engineering Students' Focus While Solving Math Exercises
Authors: Esqueda Elizondo José Jaime
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we present an attention classification method using Machine-Learning Algorithms. The EEG signals were recorded from ten engineering students with an EPOC+BCI using the electrodes F3, F4, P7, and P8 while solving some mathematical operations. The recording time for these activities is around 20 minutes. Next, a similar time EEG register is obtained while doing non-academic activities, such as chattering with the staff, checking cell phones, or playing a video game. With these EEG registers, we obtained a set of features to train and evaluate attention using Machine Learning algorithms. This research shows how engineering students interact with math topics in solving mental operations and complex reasoning by increasing brain domain and knowledge for mathematical reasoning-related processes, such as sustained and shifting attention and logical constructions for object interaction during operations resolution. The Random Forest algorithm (RF) obtained the highest accuracy with 0.7392, an F1 Score of 0.7430, and the highest Specificity/Accuracy with 0.7261.
Generation of hiPSC derived cortical astrocytes v1
Authors: Choi Minee-Liane
Published: November 2023

This is a modified protocol that describes how to generate cortical region-specific astrocytes based on Gupta et al., 2012, Serio et al., 2013 and Seto-Salvia et al., 2021
Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) v1
Authors: Miller Geneva
Published: November 2023

This Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) protocol produces genomic occupancy data for a protein of interest in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. The data produced is analyzed in a similar way as that produced by ChIP-seq. While we describe the protocol for parasites carrying an epitope tag for the protein of interest, antibodies against the native protein could be used for the same purpose.
STUDY OF THE STRESS-DEFORMED STATE OF SOILS OF LOADED ENGINEERING OBJECTS
Authors:   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Lviv, Ukraine, STARODUB Yuriy , HAVRYS Andrii ,   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Lviv, Ukraine, KOZIONOVA Olesia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

The article presents examples of the use of the method of modelling the influence of the ecological and geophysical state of the soil on bridgetype objects using the finite element method. A review of publications on modelling the stress-strain state of complex bridge structures under manmade environmental influences was conducted. Examples of studying the state of loaded soils at the base of bridges built in populated areas are considered. As an example, modeling of the stress-strain state of soils under two complex bridge structures was carried out. Changes in stress-strain of such soils are shown when the loads on bridges increase and when the type of bridge structures changes. The effectiveness of using the finite element method for modelling the processes of studying and changing stresses and deformations in rocks under complex structures and identifying typical manifestations of changes in the stress-strain state, which are important for a quick assessment of the soil condition, has been confirmed.
Assessment of The Level of Neopterin in Oral Fluid and Blood Plasma in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rakhimov Shokhrukh Shonazarovich  , Idiev Gayrat.Elmurodovich  , Ibragimova Firuza Ikrоmovna
Published: November 2023

It is known that neopterin is a metabolite of nucleic bases, similar in structure to a folic acid molecule (Lazarchik I.V. et al., 2016). It is synthesized mainly by cells of the macrophage-monocyte pool under the influence of gamma interferon and reflects the synthesis of this cytokine, which plays a significant role in the immune response (Domínguez-Pérez R.A. et al., 2017). It is the synthesis of gamma interferon that distinguishes most cytotoxic cellular immune reactions in the course of an antiviral or antitumor immune response (Patel B.P. et al., 2007). And also, in autoimmune diseases – and specific immune inflammation Dudina K.R. et al., 2017).
Comparative Analysis of Clinical Signs in Patients with Covid-19 Who Suffer Chronic Viral Hepatitis C
Authors: Muxamedova Z.R.  , Yuldasheva D.X.
Published: November 2023

The global pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which began in December 2019 in Uhan (China), has spread worldwide. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the outbreak of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic due to the constant number of cases outside China.  [1].  Rapid and decisive measures are being taken in our country to effectively combat the coronavirus pandemic, which is spreading rapidly around the world. Particular attention is paid to such important aspects as preventing the spread of coronavirus infection, effective treatment of patients with the disease, and conducting laboratory tests. Patients with chronic liver diseases required increased attention of doctors during the epidemic, since against the background of an exacerbation of their diseases, not only the risk of contracting a viral infection of COVID - 19 increased, but also its aggravation. (Mekhtiev.S.N and co-author. 2020 ).  Severe liver damage during the severe course of COVID – 19 is diagnosed with a severe course of the disease. Patients with COVID - 19, confirmed by serious liver damage, experience an increase in high biochemical indicators. At the height of the disease, thrombocytopenia is observed. An increase in serum aminotransferase, creatinkinase and lactatdegydrogenase activity is detected. [10].  Literature has shown that patients with severe covid – 19 manifestations are at higher ALT levels, lower platelet and albumin numbers, and higher risk of death. Data analysis shows that the frequency of cases of impaired liver function increases in proportion to the severity of COVID-19 flow.   Apparently, an increase in alt, hypoalbuminemia and thrombocytopenia are unfavorable factors in the prognosis of the disease. Analysis of the clinical picture of COVID-19 has shown that SARSCoV-2 has significant effects for SJK (chronic liver diseases).  Patients with viral etiology are more susceptible to liver damage, which is likely due to increased replication of hepatitis V and C viruses during SARSCoV-2 infection.  The presence of an Associated side disease (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) tends to develop a severe form of COVID-19 in patients. [2].  Today, there is no clear data on whether patients with chronic hepatitis C have a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to other diseases. At the same time, serious complications, if it is not possible to prevent COVID-19 infection, then the disease develops rapidly in them. [5].   Even if hepatitis C has been successfully treated in particular, it increases the chances of severe covid-19 passing. Therefore, against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the problems of patients with chronic viral hepatitis C are unresolved and require study. In epidemic conditions, it is very important to effectively monitor patients with this pathology and continue to treat them health, as well as to carry out scientific research to reduce the problem in the health system and reduce the disease [2].
Structural Model of The Image of a Modern Teacher
Authors: Juraeva Sohibjamol Norkobilovna  , Rakhmonova Nigina Aminjonovna
Published: November 2023

The article substantiates the importance of the activities of a modern teacher in solving existing problems in the field of education. Scientific and practical approaches to a comprehensive analysis of the educational environment, the modern image of a teacher and the conditions of learning and development are presented. made it possible to develop mechanisms for creating a structural model of pedagogical activity. Explanations and meanings of some terms are given. The requirements for a teacher are determined not only by the great importance, but also by the rare originality of pedagogical activity. A teacher is a special profession. These are the people who are always in sight; students, colleagues, and parents are next to them
Chronic Heart Failure and Progressive Angina
Authors: Dilbar Baxridinovna Rakhmatova  , Olim Nutfullaevich Khusenov  , Alisher Urakovich Soliev  , Nigora Sadullaevna Nurova
Published: November 2023

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a “pathophysiological syndrome in which, as a result of a particular disease of the cardiovascular system or under the influence of other etiological causes, the heart’s ability to fill or empty is impaired, accompanied by an imbalance of the neurohumoral systems (RAAS, sympathoadrenal system, natriuretic peptides, kallikrein-kinin system). As well as the development of vasoconstriction and fluid retention, there is a dysfunction of the heart (remodeling) and other target organs (proliferation), as well as a discrepancy between the provision of organs and tissues of the body with blood and oxygen with their metabolic needs” [1-3].
Risk Factors and Main Aspects of Lipid Metabolism Disturbances (Literary Review)
Authors: Mavlonov Namoz Khalimovich  , Tursunova Dilobar Erkinovna  , Nurilloeva Shakhodat Nurillo kizi  , Naimov Dilshod Kaumovich
Published: November 2023

Dyslipidemia is a disease characterized by a violation of the ratio of atherogenic and non-atherogenic lipoproteins, which tends to develop in modern society. In modern medicine, it has been proven that dyslipidemias include a wide range of disorders, and they play a leading role in the development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases with severe complications. This factor alone or in combination with other factors creates the risk of atherosclerosis. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the detection and treatment of elevated total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol. However, it has been proven that other forms of dyslipidemia can also cause the development of diseases.
Analysis of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) haplotypes in the largest lakes of the North-West Region of Russia for genetic monitoring
Authors: Kiseleva Marina N. , Mitryushkina Diana K. , Filatova Tatiana A. , Golotin Vasily A. , Zhukova Alina A. , Rozhkovan Konstantin V. , Mamaeva Anastasia E. , Apalikova Olga V.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Arctic char is a residential form of the Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and a commercial target in Ladoga Lake. Caused by fishing the gradual decline in the number of ones in the largest lakes of the North-Western Region of Russia is compensated by measures for its artificial reproduction.
AIM: The aim of this work was to carry out gaplotyping of the arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) population in the largest lakes of the northwestern region of Russia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The gaplotyping by PCR amplification in combination with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of several amplified mtDNA regions, sequencing of the D-loop of mtDNA.
RESULTS: Screening studies of the genetic diversity of arctic char were carried out in three geographical population of the North-Western region of Russia and also the lake form of Arctic char from Sobachye Lake (Putorana Plateau, Western Siberia). The variability of a significant part (more than 35%) of the mitochondrial genome was analyzed including the regions of 16S rRNA/ND1/ND2 (2000 bp), COXI (567 bp), ND5/ND6 (2490 bp) and D-loop (1097 bp). Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the control region mtDNA revealed 6 different haplotypes that were included in a single Eurasian group of char.
CONCLUSIONS: The panel of PCR-RFLP markers can serve as a tool for monitoring the genetic structure of the arctic char populations of Ladoga Lake under conditions of ones artificial maintenance.
Prevalance of impaired glucose tolerance and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes in non-gestational diabetes pregnancies
Authors: USTA Akın , HOCAOĞLU Meryem , BULBUL Cagla , USTA Ceyda
Published: November 2023

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy and is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of maternal and neonatal outcomes in non-gestational diabetes pregnancies with abnormal glucose challenge test (GCT) and abnormal glucose tolerance test (GTT) results.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of 2982 singleton pregnancies, all patients underwent a non-fasting 50 g GCT at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. A GCT cutoff of ≥ 140 mg/dl was selected. Women with an elevated GCT underwent prompt diagnostic testing with a 3-hour GTT. Subjects were divided into four groups according to GCT and GTT results.

Results: There was an impaired glucose tolerance in 19.2 % of patients and 14.7 % of them had mild glucose intolerance and 4.5 % of them had moderate glucose intolerance. As expected, there was statistically significant difference in fetal macrosomia, neonatal hypoglicemia, PE, primary CS, and preterm birth between secreening negative and GDM patients (p < 0.0001). We also observed statistically significant difference in neonatal hypoglicemia (p = 0.0001) and PE (p = 0.0277) between screning negative and mild glucose intolerance group. Moreover, there was a significant difference in fetal macrosomia (p=0.0480) between mild glucose intolerance and moderate glucose intolerance groups.

Conclusion: Compared with screening negative group, mild and moderate glucose intolerance are associated with increased adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes even in the absence of GDM.
Simulation of Virus Propagation and Acceptance of Socio-Sanitary Measures Through an Intelligent Model
Authors: García-Paz Daniel J. , Alonso-Betanzos Amparo , Guijarro-Berdiñas Bertha , Rodríguez-Arias Alejandro
Published: November 2023

During the most critical moments of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, various containment measures were enacted to hinder the virus’s spread and mitigate its impact. This work focuses on studying the impact of the population’s adherence level to socio-sanitary measures on the virus’s spread, aiming to better understand its relevance in crisis situations. To achieve this goal, we use an agent-based model (ABM) that incorporates a special type of agent that represents social networks, for example, twitter, to analyze the influence of social networks on the agents’ decision-making. Internally, our model relies on two models that allow for simulation development. On the one hand, an epidemiological model based on an adaptation of the SIR model allows us to simulate the spread of the virus. On the other hand, a decision-making model is responsible for analyzing the levels of acceptance of containment measures by citizens and allows simulation of interactions between agents. On this basis, Twitter has been incorporated as a critical node, which allows information to be extracted about the opinions of the agents and howthese affect the population’s adherence to socio-sanitary measures. This information is obtained thanks to the application of sentiment analysis techniques on a set of tweets related to COVID-19. As a result, a useful tool was obtained for policy makers to simulate the psycho-social behaviour of citizens in the face of different restrictive measures in order to evaluate their effectiveness
Legal Ideals: Lawmaking and Law Enforcement Primarily based on Community Social Life in Indonesia
Authors: Akmal Diya Ul , Ramadhan Fauzziyyah Azhar
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to conceptualize how lawmaking and law enforcement work together to serve society’s best interests. Historically, law has primarily functioned as a tool for social control and is extremely inflexible, making it impossible to properly uphold the core principles of justice implementation and enforcement. Law should evolve to become a tool for fostering social development, leading to contentment and the establishment of a just societal order. As a result, legal development should prioritize the desires and needs of the people. This is a socio-legal study wherein social phenomena are interpreted as the direction of legal development. Employing a conceptual approach and analyzing qualitative data derived from a literature review, our findings indicate a shift in people’s desires, particularly in Indonesia, influenced by legal establishments. With the desire to contribute their aspirations into the creation of law and serve as the participatory society in monitoring the way law enforcement is carried out, the development of legal thinking within society is evolving in a positive direction. Legal development must change the paradigm that has previously considered law merely as a mechanism of social control, as a result of societal changes. Both lawmaking and law enforcement should embrace a participatory society. Thus, the goal is to translate this legal ideal into practice by establishing a legal development that benefits society.
Awareness and willingness to use oral HIV self-test and associated factor among Wollo University Health Science student in North East Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Kassa Mullu
Published: November 2023

Background: Use of oral HIV self-test is integral part of quality improvement of HIV prevention, care and treatment.  There is no evidence related to awareness and willingness to use oral HIV self-test. The aim of the study was to assess awareness and willingness to use oral HIV self-test and associated factors.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among Wollo University student. The data collection instrument was self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the participant’s proportional to sample size. The final sample size was 373 medical students. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze data and the results were presented by using tables, Pie charts, and histograms. The study was analyzed using binary logistic regression and p value less than 0.25 was entered in Multi-variable logistic regression. Finally, p value less than 0.05 in multi-variable logistic regression was considered as statically significant. Odd ratio measured magnitude of association at 95% confidence interval.  
Results: A total of 370 health science student were participated, at response rate of 98%. Prevalence of awareness and willingness among health science student toward use oral HIV self-test were 53 (14.32%) and 253 (68.38), respectively.  Factors such as participating in HIV program (AOR=3.27; CI: 1.30-8.21) and who had recent HIV risk (AOR=3.16; CI; 1.40-7.12) were more likely to had awareness toward oral HIV self-test.  Male student (AOR=1.74; CI; 1.02-2.82), who had recent HIV risk (AOR=3.36; CI: 1.40-8.08), recently tested for HIV (AOR=2.84; CI: 1.17-6.89) and who had STI (AOR=9.02; CI: 2.82-32.12) were more likely to be willingness to use oral HIV self-test in the future.
Conclusions: This study showed that willingness to use HIV self-test in future was high. But awareness of HIV self-test is low. It is crucial to prioritize willingness and awareness activities particularly among sex of respondent, recent HIV risk, tested for HIV and STI client.
Misuse of Ozempic as a drug choice for weight loss, a potential threat
Authors: Aslam Uzma , Mehboob Sarah
Published: November 2023

The 387 million people around the globe are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previously used agents to treat T2DM posed adverse risks of hypoglycaemia and weight gain. Recently, Novo Nordisk, a pharmaceutical company, launched a new drug, Ozempic (Semaglutide), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration on December 5, 2017. The numerous benefits of Ozempic makes it ideal for treatment of T2DM. Unfortunately, there is now an alarming shortage of Ozempic due to its misuse for weight loss.