bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Substituted β‐Amino Alcohols from Aldehydes and Isocyanides.
Authors: Cioc Razvan C. , van der Niet Daan J. H. , Janssen Elwin , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: October 2015

A practical two‐stage one‐pot synthesis of N‐substituted β‐amino alcohols using aldehydes and isocyanides as starting materials is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Divergent Cyclization/Carboxylation of Unactivated Primary and Secondary Alkyl Halides with CO2.
Authors: Wang Xueqiang , Liu Yu , Martin Ruben
Published: October 2015

The syn/anti selectivity pattern is dictated by a suitable substrate and/or ligand selection.
ChemInform Abstract: Z‐Selective Olefin Synthesis via Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Terminal Arylalkynes.
Authors: Cheung Chi Wai , Zhurkin Fedor E. , Hu Xile
Published: October 2015

Reductive cross‐coupling of alkyl halides with terminal arylalkynes furnishes 1,2‐disubstituted olefins with high (Z)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydroimination of Alkynes.
Authors: Manan Rajith S. , Kilaru Praveen , Zhao Pinjing
Published: October 2015

An efficient and scalable procedure for the transformation of diaryl or alkylarylimines with dialkyl, diaryl, or alkylarylalkynes is developed which provides 2‐aza‐1,3‐dienes exclusively as (Z)‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyl—Aryl Ketone Synthesis via Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Aryl Acids and Anhydrides.
Authors: Jia Xiao , Zhang Xinghua , Qian Qun , Gong Hegui
Published: October 2015

A series of ketones (III) and (V) is readily prepared by a Ni‐catalyzed reductive coupling of halides (I) and (IV) with aryl acids (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles by Palladium‐Assisted Cyanation of Aryl Iodides Using tert‐Butyl Isocyanide as Cyano Source.
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Wang Jin‐Mei , Zhang Ying , Chen Zhong , Zhu Yong‐Ming , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: October 2015

A broad range of aryl and hetaryliodides is transformed according to the title reaction in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Insertion Reactions of Isocyanides into Thiocarbamates and Selenocarbamates.
Authors: Shiro Daisuke , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Tsuda Susumu , Iwasaki Takanori , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: October 2015

The insertion reaction of isocyanides with thiocarbamates and selenocarbamates in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst gives selectively 2‐oxoethanimidothioates and ‐selenoates, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hindered Biaryls via Aryne Addition and in situ Dimerization.
Authors: Garcia‐Lopez Jose‐Antonio , Cetin Meliha , Greaney Michael F.
Published: October 2015

The synthesis of hindered biaryls is achieved from iodoarenes and thio, seleno, or amino substituted arenes using a benzyne dimerization procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Photo‐Organocatalytic Enantioselective Perfluoroalkylation of β‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Wozniak Lukasz , Murphy John J. , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: October 2015

A photolytic enantioselective perfluoro alkylation of cyclic indolone derived β‐keto esters with alkyl iodides of varying chain length is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reactions of 2‐(Cyanomethyl)phenol, Aryl Halides, and Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Murai Masahito , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Miki Koji , Ohe Kouichi
Published: October 2015

Depending on the catalytic system, either 2‐amino‐ or 2‐aroylamino‐3‐aroylbenzofurans are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Sustainable Route to Pyrrolidone Derivatives — Direct Access to Biosourced Solvents.
Authors: Ledoux A. , Sandjong Kuigwa L. , Framery E. , Andrioletti B.
Published: October 2015

An efficient and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of N‐alkyl‐5‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐ones from biosourced levulinic acid, alkyl amines, and formic acid without any additive, catalyst or solvent is described.
ChemInform Abstract: γ,δ,ε‐C(sp3)—H Functionalization Through Directed Radical H‐Abstraction.
Authors: Liu Tao , Mei Tian‐Sheng , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: October 2015

Aliphatic amides are selectively functionalized at the γ‐ and δ‐positions through directed radical 1,5 and 1,6 H‐abstractions, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of 3‐Substituted Benzofuran‐2‐ones to Isatin N‐Boc Ketimines Catalyzed by Chiral Biscinchona Alkaloid Catalyst.
Authors: Zhu Yi , Zhang Enge , Luo Chao , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: October 2015

Chiral 3,3′‐disubstituted benzofuranones are synthesized from the title addition in excellent yields with very good diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereodivergent Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of 2‐Oxindoles to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones by Chiral Diamine Catalysts.
Authors: Wei Yuan , Wen Shigang , Liu Zunwu , Wu Xinxin , Zeng Bubing , Ye Jinxing
Published: October 2015

Either anti‐ or syn‐configured oxindole derivatives possessing a vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereogenic center are obtained with high enantioselectivities by use of two complementary chiral diamine catalysts and through modifying the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp2)—H Amination of Alkenes Exemplified in the Expedient Synthesis of (Aza‐)Indoles.
Authors: Ortgies Stefan , Breder Alexander
Published: October 2015

Both ortho‐amino styrenes and vinylated aminopyridines are successfully used as substrates for the synthesis of a wide range of indoles and aza‐indoles, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Neutral Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization to Form Isoindolinones with Carboxylic Acids or Anhydrides as Readily Available Starting Materials.
Authors: Liang Hong‐Wen , Ding Wei , Jiang Kun , Shuai Li , Yuan Yi , Wei Ye , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: October 2015

Mechanistic studies suggest that the title reaction involves C—H activation, nucleophilic addition, β‐O elimination, and dehydration steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis of SF5‐Indoles.
Authors: Chen Jing , Xu Lijin , Mi Xueling
Published: October 2015

The regioselective synthesis starts from SF5‐substituted anilines and ketones and provides the products in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines and Indoles: Novel Approach for Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes.
Authors: Gopalaiah Kovuru , Chandrudu Sankala Naga , Devi Alka
Published: October 2015

using molecular oxygen as economical and environmentally benign oxidant
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐6a‐methyl‐6‐nitro‐1‐phenylhexahydrothieno[2,3‐d]pyrazole 4,4‐Dioxides.
Authors: Berestovitskaya Valentina M. , Efremova Irina E. , Lapshina Lidiya V. , Serebryannikova Anna V. , Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Abzianidze Victoria V.
Published: October 2015

Title compounds (III) are conveniently synthesized through a reaction consisting of two consequent Michael addition processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Sulfide: A Sustainable Solution for Unbalanced Redox Condensation Reaction Between o‐Nitroanilines and Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iron—Sulfur System.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Ermolenko Ludmila , Al‐Mourabit Ali
Published: October 2015

Hydrated sodium sulfide plays a dual role as a precursor for the formation of the Fe/S redox catalyst, and as an external and noncompetitive, multi‐electron reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Piperidine‐Mediated Annulation of 2‐Acylphenols with 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyde to 3‐Benzofuranones.
Authors: Verma Nishant , Kundi Varun , Ahmed Naseem
Published: October 2015

Whereas the reaction between 2‐acylphenols and 4‐nitrobenzaldehydes yields 3‐benzofuranones, utilisation of 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde provides the corresponding flavone product.
ChemInform Abstract: Novozyme 435 Lipase Mediated Enantioselective Kinetic Resolution: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydroquinolin‐4‐ol and Tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[b]azepin‐5‐ol Derivatives.
Authors: Zhou Xiaojian , Zheng Daijun , Cui Baodong , Han Wenyong , Chen Yongzheng
Published: October 2015

The practical and efficient method can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyalkylation‐Initiated Radical Cyclization of N‐Allylbenzamide for Direct Construction of Isoquinolinone.
Authors: Zhou Wei , Ni Shengyang , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: October 2015

involving a C(sp3)‐H bond cleavage, oxyalkylation of the double bond, and intramolecular cyclization
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indenopyrones.
Authors: Chen Kun‐Quan , Zhang Han‐Ming , Wang Dong‐Ling , Sun De‐Qun , Ye Song
Published: October 2015

The scalable [4 + 2] cyclization of α‐chloroaldehydes with arylidene indanones gives rise to cis‐indenopyrones in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triazines via Cu(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Alcohols and Amidine Hydrochlorides.
Authors: You Qing , Wang Fei , Wu Chaoting , Shi Tianchao , Min Dewen , Chen Huajun , Zhang Wu
Published: October 2015

The synthesis of 2,4,6‐trisubstituted 1,3,5‐triazines is performed starting from various aryl amidines including hetaryl amidines and benzylic or aliphatic alcohols as the one‐carbon supplier.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Catalyzed Z‐Selective Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes and Elucidation of the Origin of Selectivity.
Authors: Obligacion Jennifer V. , Neely Jamie M. , Yazdani Aliza N. , Pappas Iraklis , Chirik Paul J.
Published: October 2015

Anti‐Markovnikov hydroboration of terminal alkynes in the presence of a bis(imino)pyridine cobalt catalyst affords (Z)‐vinylboronate esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenoids from the Stems of Drypetes congestiflora
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hao , Han Chang‐Ri , Hui Yang , Zhang Da‐Shuai , Song Xin‐Ming , Chen Guang‐Ying , Song Xiao‐Ping
Published: October 2015

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of two new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids (I), (II), a new friedelane‐type triterpenoid (III) along with six known triterpenoids
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Metathesis Reaction of α‐ and β‐Vinyl C‐Glycosides with Alkenes.
Authors: Snajdr Ivan , Parkan Kamil , Hessler Filip , Kotora Martin
Published: October 2015

β‐Anomeric derivatives react in a similar way with retention of configuration and E‐selectivity in similar yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Rare α‐Pyrone (=2H‐Pyran‐2‐one) Derivatives from Gentiana rhodantha Franchet
Authors: Yao Hai‐Qiong , Wu Li‐Hong , Chou Gui‐Xin , Liu Qing , Wang Zheng‐Tao
Published: October 2015

isolation and structure determination of two new α‐pyrone derivatives, rhodanthpyrones A and B, along with fourteen known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Biflavonoids, Lignans, and Related Compounds from the Roots of Diplomorpha canescens
Authors: Prasad Devkota Hari , Raj Joshi Khem , Watanabe Takashi , Yahara Shoji
Published: October 2015

isolation and structure determination of two new biffaronoids (I) along with 16 known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: New Metabolites from the South China Sea Sponge Diacarnus megaspinorhabdosa
Authors: Yang Fan , et al.
Published: October 2015

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium‐Silicon Alloys: Phase Diagram, Electrochemical Studies, Thermodynamic Properties, Application in Chemical Power Cells
Authors: Morachevskii A. G. , Demidov A. I.
Published: October 2015

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Lanthanide Coordination Polymers
Authors: Li Bin , Wen Hui‐Min , Cui Yuanjing , Qian Guodong , Chen Banglin
Published: October 2015

Review: 193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lawsone in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jordao Alessandro K. , Vargas Maria D. , Pinto Angelo C. , da Silva Fernando de C. , Ferreira Vitor F.
Published: October 2015

Review: 326 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts
Authors: Cokoja Mirza , Wilhelm Michael E. , Anthofer Michael H. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: October 2015

Review: [130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Sustainable Polymers Obtained from Cyclic Terpenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Application Potential
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Rieger Bernhard
Published: October 2015

Review: [131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Hindered Diaryl Benzobis(thiadiazole)s as Effective Photochromic Switches
Authors: Yoon Juyoung , de Silva A. Prasanna
Published: October 2015

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Diamines via Hydroamination Reactions
Authors: Gupta Anil K. , Hull Kami L.
Published: October 2015

Review: [17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Machine‐Assisted Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ley Steven V. , Fitzpatrick Daniel E. , Myers Rebecca M. , Battilocchio Claudio , Ingham Richard. J.
Published: October 2015

Review: [98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Catalytic Z‐Selective Olefin Metathesis in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Werrel Simon , Walker Johannes C.L. , Donohoe Timothy J.
Published: October 2015

Review: [34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Long Underestimated Carbonyl Function of Carbohydrates — An Organocatalyzed Shot into Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Mahrwald R.
Published: October 2015

Review: [38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen‐Chelated Indenylidene Ruthenium Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Xie Yu , Yuan Ye , Mousavi Bibimaryam , Cai Yuan , Kai Cheng , Lu Yin , Yusubov Mehman , Verpoort Francis
Published: October 2015

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiaromaticity in Nonbenzenoid Oligoarenes and Ladder Polymers
Authors: Parkhurst Rebecca R. , Swager Timothy M.
Published: October 2015

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microstructure Study of Ionic Liquids by Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Haoran
Published: October 2015

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aggregation in Systems of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wang Jianji , Wang Huiyong
Published: October 2015

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Structure of Membrane Lipids and Natural Products Elucidated by a Chemistry‐Based Approach
Authors: Murata Michio , Sugiyama Shigeru , Matsuoka Shigeru , Matsumori Nobuaki
Published: October 2015

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nanoparticle Biomolecule Corona: Lessons Learned — Challenge Accepted?
Authors: Docter D. , Westmeier D. , Markiewicz M. , Stolte S. , Knauer S. K. , Stauber R. H.
Published: October 2015

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stimuli‐Responsive Nanogel Composites and Their Application in Nanomedicine
Authors: Molina Maria , Asadian‐Birjand Mazdak , Balach Juan , Bergueiro Julian , Miceli Enrico , Calderon Marcelo
Published: October 2015

Review: 242 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Eco‐Friendly Green Organic Semiconductors: Recent Advances in Spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] (SFX)‐Based Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
Authors: Sun Mingli , Xu Ruochen , Xie Linghai , Wei Ying , Huang Wei
Published: October 2015

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Studies of Selective Propane Oxidation and Ammoxidation over Vanadium‐Based Multi‐Metal Oxides
Authors: Guliants Vadim V.
Published: October 2015

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Studies of Transition Metal‐Mediated C—C Bond Activation
Authors: Jones William D.
Published: October 2015

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Low Valent Transition Metal Complexes in Homogeneous Catalysis: An EPR Investigation
Authors: Carter Emma , Murphy Damien M.
Published: October 2015

Review: 57 refs.
Differential expression of CARMIL‐family genes during zebrafish development
Authors: Stark Benjamin C. , Cooper John A.
Published: October 2015

CARMILs are a conserved family of large multidomain proteins that regulate and target actin assembly by interacting with actin capping protein (CP). Vertebrates contain three highly conserved CARMIL isoforms encoded by three genes, whereas lower organisms contain only one isoform and gene. In order to investigate the functions of vertebrate CARMILs, we identified and characterized the three CARMIL genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We isolated and sequenced complete and partial cDNAs from embryos. The three genes display distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns during development. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of cDNAs and predicted protein sequences reveal that the three zebrafish genes fall into the three conserved isoform groups previously defined for other vertebrates, which have isoform‐specific and overlapping functions in human cultured cells. These results provide new tools and offer insight into understanding the role of the regulation of actin assembly dynamics during embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Convenient Surfactant‐Mediated Hydrothermal Approach to Control Supported Copper Oxide Species for Catalytic Upgrading of Glucose to Lactic Acid
Authors: Choudhary Hemant , Ebitani Kohki
Published: October 2015

Herein, we discuss a convenient surfactant‐mediated hydrothermal approach to control supported copper oxide species in a highly reproducible way and investigate their effect on the catalytic upgrading of glucose to lactic acid. Careful characterization using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) studies revealed paramelaconite (Cu4O3) loaded on MgO as the catalytically active species. It was also found that the cuprite (Cu2O) phase can be prepared in the presence of N,N‐dimethyldodecylamine N‐oxide (DDAO) while the tenorite (CuO) phase was obtained in the absence of surfactant. The use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) selectively gave the Cu4O3 phase as the supported species. The above‐mentioned systematic approach demonstrates that substantial improvement in the catalytic activity (or other properties) can be achieved by careful selection of the synthetic conditions for generation of desired Cu species through a simple and inexpensive preparation route.
Cold Denaturation Unveiled: Molecular Mechanism of the Asymmetric Unfolding of Yeast Frataxin
Authors: Sanfelice Domenico , Morandi Edoardo , Pastore Annalisa , Niccolai Neri , Temussi Piero Andrea
Published: October 2015

What is the mechanism that determines the denaturation of proteins at low temperatures, which is, by now, recognized as a fundamental property of all proteins? We present experimental evidence that clarifies the role of specific interactions that favor the entrance of water into the hydrophobic core, a mechanism originally proposed by Privalov but never proved experimentally. By using a combination of molecular dynamics simulation, molecular biology, and biophysics, we identified a cluster of negatively charged residues that represents a preferential gate for the entrance of water molecules into the core. Even single‐residue mutations in this cluster, from acidic to neutral residues, affect cold denaturation much more than heat denaturation, suppressing cold denaturation at temperatures above zero degrees. The molecular mechanism of the cold denaturation of yeast frataxin is intrinsically different from that of heat denaturation.
Are Federal Labor‐Management Partnerships Decreasing Conflict? Evidence from the Last Eight Years of Reported Data
Authors: Alteri Ashley M.
Published: October 2015

In December 2009, President Obama signed Executive Order 13522, initiating a formal period during which the federal government has been acting under a declared labor‐management partnership. Researchers and practitioners believe these partnerships can result in substantial benefits to the organization. However, this article's analysis of an original data set containing agency data on labor‐management collaboration and conflict over time indicates that partnerships are not associated with changes in conflict. Instead, participation in labor‐management pilot projects weakly predicts a decrease in conflict. Qualitative data from union officials suggest that this finding could be because the partnerships do not represent true labor‐management collaboration.
Convenient and Simple Esterification in Continuous‐Flow Systems using g‐DMAP
Authors: Okuno Yoshinori , Isomura Shigeki , Sugamata Anna , Tamahori Kaoru , Fukuhara Ami , Kashiwagi Miyu , Kitagawa Yuuichi , Kasai Emiri , Takeda Kazuyoshi
Published: October 2015

The utility and applicability of polyethylene‐g‐polyacrylic acid‐immobilized dimethylaminopyridine (g‐DMAP) as a catalyst in a continuous‐flow system were investigated for decarboxylative esterification. High catalytic activity toward acylation was provided by g‐DMAP containing a flexible grafted‐polymer structure. During decarboxylation, carboxylic acids and alcohols were converted cleanly using di‐tert‐butyl dicarbonate (Boc2O) as a coupling reagent, which reduced by‐products. In addition, the use of Boc2O resulted in the formation of tert‐butyl esters. These esterifications dramatically reduced the reaction time under continuous‐flow conditions, with a residence time of approximately 2 min. This highly efficient esterification procedure will provide more practical industrial applications.
An Open Heart, an Open Mind: An Interview With Dr. Cheri Smith
Authors: Sherrell Renee S.
Published: October 2015

Dr. Cheri Smith has been a distinguished and contributing member of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC) for over 20 years. Dr. Smith's commitment as well as advocacy for ASERVIC and the counseling profession is remarkable. The purpose of this article is to highlight Dr. Smith's contributions to ASERVIC through an interview that focuses on her inspirations and influences; involvement in various leadership roles; and views on ASERVIC's past, present, and future.
Synthesis and Photophysical, Electrochemical and Theoretical Study of Thi­azole‐Annelated Phthalocyanines
Authors: Nečedová Mária , Magdolen Peter , Novakova Veronika , Cigáň Marek , Vlčková Silvia , Zahradník Pavol , Fülöpová Andrea
Published: October 2015

Phthalocyanines with annelated thiazole rings were synthesised by cyclotetramerisation of benzothiazoledicarbonitriles. Three types of these dicarbonitriles with ortho‐configuration were prepared from disubstituted anilines and their cyclisation led to all possible patterns of annelation in the phthalocyanine skeleton. Further substitution at the periphery of the macrocycle by methyl or tert‐butyl substituents was realised to improve the solubility or to allow further derivatisation of target molecules. The characteristic UV/Vis spectral Q‐bands were shifted to higher wavelengths (712–729 nm) because of the higher delocalisation, and fluorescence quantum yields increased compared with isoelectronic naphthalocyanines. Aggregation properties of the studied phthalocyanines were dependent on the type of isomer. The effects of the annelation pattern on the redox potentials were also investigated. Experimental data are compared with theoretical values obtained by DFT calculations.
Estimation of apparent binding constant of complexes of selected acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with β‐cyclodextrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Šolínová Veronika , Mikysková Hana , Kaiser Martin Maxmilián , Janeba Zlatko , Holý Antonín , Kašička Václav
Published: October 2015

Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) has been applied to estimation of apparent binding constant of complexes of (R,S)‐enantiomers of selected acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) with chiral selector β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) in aqueous alkaline medium. The noncovalent interactions of five pairs of (R,S)‐enantiomers of ANPs‐based antiviral drugs and their derivatives with βCD were investigated in the background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 35 or 50 mM sodium tetraborate, pH 10.0, and containing variable concentration (0–25 mM) of βCD. The apparent binding constants of the complexes of (R,S)‐enantiomers of ANPs with βCD were estimated from the dependence of effective electrophoretic mobilities of (R,S)‐enantiomers of ANPs (measured simultaneously by ACE at constant reference temperature 25°C inside the capillary) on the concentration of βCD in the BGE using different nonlinear and linear calculation methodologies. Nonlinear regression analysis provided more precise and accurate values of the binding constants and a higher correlation coefficient as compared to the regression analysis of the three linearized plots of the effective mobility dependence on βCD concentration in the BGE. The complexes of (R,S)‐enantiomers of ANPs with βCD have been found to be relatively weak – their apparent binding constants determined by the nonlinear regression analysis were in the range 13.3–46.4 L/mol whereas the values from the linearized plots spanned the interval 12.3–55.2 L/mol.
Saccharification of cellulosic biomass using sulfonated mesoporous carbon‐based catalysts
Authors: Qian Eika W. , Sukma Luh Putu Pitrayani , Li Sen , Higashi Aki
Published: October 2015

A series of sulfonated mesoporous carbon‐based catalysts with intact silica template (MC) were prepared through incomplete carbonization of sucrose followed by sulfonation. The MC catalysts were characterized by use of Fourier Transform‐infrared spectra, N2 adsorption–desorption, and titration method. The effects of preparation conditions such as carbonization temperature, amount of carbon precursor, sulfonation time, and temperature on the structural and acidic properties of the catalysts were investigated. Preparation conditions such as amount of carbon precursor, sulfonation time, and temperature significantly influenced the surface area and acidic properties of MC catalysts. The activity of prepared catalysts in saccharification was tested using cellulose and rice straw as substrates and high saccharification yield can be obtained using these catalysts. In saccharification of cellulose without pretreatment, the highest yield of 25.2% of C6 monosaccharide can be attained after reaction at 180°C for 3 h. In saccharification of rice straw, the total monosaccharide yield of 43.4% can be achieved after reaction at 150°C for 1 h. In addition, it was found that despite the versatility of mesoporous structure in varied chemical reactions has been confirmed, acid amount was the most important property that determined the effectivity of cellulose saccharification. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 574–581, 2016
The state of the art in monitoring and geotechnical safety management for shallow and deep tunnels
Authors: Schubert Wulf , Moritz Bernd
Published: October 2015

Due to uncertainties in the ground model and the spread of geotechnical properties, prediction of the exact system behaviour of underground structures is difficult in many cases. In order to manage this problem, the so‐called observational approach is often applied. Monitoring plays an important role to verify or falsify design assumptions, to adjust excavation and support measures to the actual conditions and to assess the stability of the system. For the management of the residual risk a geotechnical safety management plan is implemented. The OeGG has recently published a handbook summarizing the state of the art in tunnel monitoring and geotechnical safety management.
Rock mass classification and geotechnical model for the foundation of a RCC gravity dam
Authors: Pausz Sebastian , Nowotny Hans , Jung Gerald
Published: October 2015

The paper describes the development of a geological and geotechnical model produced for the design of a hydro power plant and its large RCC (roller compacted concrete) dam. Various in situ and laboratory investigation methods and rock mass classification were introduced for the definition of subsurface parameters and rock mass parameters were derived for design purposes. The mechanical parameters of the rock masses were the basic input for different finite element models that were used in order to evaluate the interacting static system of foundations and structures. The insights gained from this work were used to implement appropriate amendments to the design of the hydropower plant.
The Sydney North West Rail Link project tunnelling challenge with four double shield TBMs
Authors: Camus Thomas , Therville Fabrice
Published: October 2015

NFM Technologies has designed and delivered four 6.99 m‐diameter Double Shield TBMs that are excavating the North West Rail Link project, an extension to the Sydney rapid transit network. The project is led by a consortium comprising Thiess, John Holland and Dragados, acting on behalf of the Government of New South Wales Transport Authority. Altogether, the TBMs will build 15 km of twin tunnels in rock that is mainly formed of abrasive sandstone. TBMs 1 and 2 bore the 9 km section between the Bella Vista and Cherrybrook stations, while the remaining 6 km from Cherrybrook to the Epping interchange are bored by TBMs 3 and 4.

In this paper, we focus on the achieved performance of the 4 TBMs after approximately 50% completion. We analyse their variations in terms of excavation speed and consumption of disc cutters against the geology and geotechnical characteristics along the tunnel route. We discuss the overall production data and specific aspects of this hard rock urban tunnel project.
Optimization of structural contact stiffness and strength for discrete simulation of progressive failure of healed structure
Authors: Day Jennifer J. , Diederichs Mark S. , Hutchinson D. Jean
Published: October 2015

Geotechnical analysis for underground excavation design in complex tectonic environments requires an increased understanding and more rigorous consideration of the impact of healed or "intrablock" structure, such as veins, on rockmass behaviour. Intrablock structure occurs between blocks of rock defined and bounded by "interblock structure", the network of joints and other fractures conventionally considered in classic rockmass characterization, classification or rockmass property estimation. Discrete simulation of fractures has become a more commonplace model analysis technique for excavations in jointed rockmasses. Here too, however, special attention is required to simulate intrablock structure within the model. In particular, the selection and evolution of stiffness and strength values for the model discontinuity elements must follow a different logic than that adopted for fractures and true joints. A new concept to better represent the behaviour of intrablock structure in explicit numerical models is proposed and tested in this paper by means of finite element method (FEM) analysis and case study data from a 1, 200 m deep drift. This approach changes the stiffness and strength values of failed intrablock structural elements between pre‐peak ("primary"), post‐peak ("secondary"), and ultimate ("tertiary") states. The FEM models in the tertiary state match 96 % of overbreak patterns along the case drift, versus 80 % in primary state models. These findings suggest that the proposed method is a good option to more accurately model the influence of intrablock structure on rockmass behaviour.
Valhalla – Innovative pumped hydro storage facilities in Chile: Challenges from a rock mechanical point of view
Authors: Marcher Thomas , Bauer Steffen , Allende Marcos , Mathiesen Carlos
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a unique pumped hydro storage facility using the ocean as a lower reservoir, combined with solar photovoltaic to create consistent, clean power. This project will allow for large‐scale renewable energy adoption in Chile. The country's Atacama Desert has one of the best solar resources of the world. Unfortunately, the electricity grid in that northern region has one of the highest carbon footprints in the world because almost all of the electricity generation comes from fossil fuel power plants. Nearly 90 % of the demand on that northern grid is from mining companies. Their operations' energy needs are high and constant – day and night, and as a result the mining companies will not assume the intermittency risk of renewable energy resources. Until now, solar and wind developers have only been able to offer intermittent solutions and, therefore, have been unable to sign major power purchase agreements.
Understanding the rates of nonpolar organic chemical accumulation into passive samplers deployed in the environment: Guidance for passive sampler deployments
Authors: Apell Jennifer N , Tcaciuc A Patricia , Gschwend Philip M
Published: October 2015

Polymeric passive samplers have become a common method for estimating freely dissolved concentrations in environmental media. However, this approach has not yet been adopted by investigators conducting remedial investigations of contaminated environmental sites. Successful adoption of this sampling methodology relies on an understanding of how passive samplers accumulate chemical mass as well as developing guidance for the design and deployment of passive samplers. Herein, we outline the development of a simple mathematical relationship of the environmental, polymer, and chemical properties that control the uptake rate. This relationship, called a timescale, is then used to illustrate how each property controls the rate of equilibration in samplers deployed in the water or in the sediment. Guidance is also given on how to use the timescales to select an appropriate polymer, deployment time, and suite of performance reference compounds. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:486–492. © 2015 SETAC

Key Points

When the accumulation of hydrophobic nonpolar organic chemicals is controlled by diffusion through the environment, which is true for most chemicals currently sampled with this method, the transfer kinetics can be described by a simplified timescale. For many passive sampler deployments in the water column or sediment bed, performance reference compounds (PRCs) are necessary to adjust measured polymer concentrations of nonpolar organic chemicals to their equilibrium concentration.
Retraction: Environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals: Regulatory developments
Authors: Gross Melanie , Leverett Dean , Merrington Graham , Taylor David
Published: October 2015

This article was published online on 1 October 2015, on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). The article has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor-in-Chief, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors initiated the withdrawal on their accord after consideration of regulatory analysis and conclusions appearing in the article, which the authors felt required substantial revision to incorporate new and important regulatory developments not addressed in the article.

Reference

Gross M, Leverett D, Merrington G, Taylor D. Environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals: Regulatory developments. Integr Environ Assess Manag DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1699
Predicting toxicity to Hyalella azteca in pyrogenic-impacted sediments—Do we need to analyze for all 34 PAHs?
Authors: Geiger Stephen C , Azzolina Nicholas A , Nakles David V , Hawthorne Steven B
Published: October 2015

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major drivers of risk at many urban and/or industrialized sediment sites. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) currently recommends using measurements of 18 parent + 16 groups of alkylated PAHs (PAH-34) to assess the potential for sediment-bound PAHs to impact benthic organisms at these sites. ASTM Method D7363-13 was developed to directly measure low-level sediment porewater PAH concentrations. These concentrations are then compared to ambient water criteria (final chronic values [FCVs]) to assess the potential for impact to benthic organisms. The interlaboratory validation study that was used to finalize ASTM D7363-13 was developed using 24 of the 2-, 3-, and 4-ring PAHs (PAH-24) that are included in the USEPA PAH-34 analyte list. However, it is the responsibility of the user of ASTM Method D7363 to establish a test method to quantify the remaining 10 higher molecular weight PAHs that make up PAH-34. These higher molecular weight PAHs exhibit extremely low saturation solubilities that make their detection difficult in porewater, which has proven difficult to implement in a contract laboratory setting. As a result, commercial laboratories are hesitant to conduct the method on the entire PAH-34 analyte list. This article presents a statistical comparison of the ability of the PAH-24 and PAH-34 porewater results to predict survival of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca, using the original 269 sediment samples used to gain ASTM D7363 Method approval. The statistical analysis shows that the PAH-24 are statistically indistinguishable from the PAH-34 for predicting toxicity. These results indicate that the analysis of freely dissolved porewater PAH-24 is sufficient for making risk-based decisions based on benthic invertebrate toxicity (survival and growth). This reduced target analyte list should result in a cost-saving for stakeholders and broader implementation of the method at PAH-impacted sediment sites. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:493–499. © 2015 SETAC

Key Points

Toxicity of PAHs in sediments can be determined using 24 PAHs. Analysis of 24 parent + alkylated PAHs will save laboratory time and costs. Analyses of PAH-24 parent + alkylated PAHs will save site-owner costs.
A tiered, integrated biological and chemical monitoring framework for contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Maruya Keith A , Dodder Nathan G , Mehinto Alvine C , Denslow Nancy D , Schlenk Daniel , Snyder Shane A , Weisberg Stephen B
Published: October 2015

The chemical-specific risk-based paradigm that informs monitoring and assessment of environmental contaminants does not apply well to the many thousands of new chemicals that are being introduced into ambient receiving waters. We propose a tiered framework that incorporates bioanalytical screening tools and diagnostic nontargeted chemical analysis to more effectively monitor for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The framework is based on a comprehensive battery of in vitro bioassays to first screen for a broad spectrum of CECs and nontargeted analytical methods to identify bioactive contaminants missed by the currently favored targeted analyses. Water quality managers in California have embraced this strategy with plans to further develop and test this framework in regional and statewide pilot studies on waterbodies that receive discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants and stormwater runoff. In addition to directly informing decisions, the data obtained using this framework can be used to construct and validate models that better predict CEC occurrence and toxicity. The adaptive interplay among screening results, diagnostic assessment and predictive modeling will allow managers to make decisions based on the most current and relevant information, instead of extrapolating from parameters with questionable linkage to CEC impacts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:540–547. © 2015 SETAC

Key Points

High throughput in vitro bioassays are being adapted to screen for water quality. Nontargeted analysis broadens the scope of chemicals that deserve prioritization for monitoring. Integration of in vitro screening bioassays and diagnostic nontargeted analysis will improve monitoring and assessment of contaminants in receiving waters.
The effects of a self‐observation‐based meditation intervention on acceptance or rejection of the other
Authors: Pinazo Daniel , Breso Edgar
Published: October 2015

Research has demonstrated the many benefits of mindfulness training programmes for individual health and well‐being. This study, however, explored whether mindfulness training might have effects on intergroup interaction. We tested the effects of a self‐observation‐based mindfulness course on several dimensions of acceptance of the other (i.e., non‐judgement, non‐reaction and observation). An initial study test a mindfulness course training (N = 197). A second study then tested its effect on intergroup relationships (N = 120). A control group was used in both studies, and the subjects were tested before and after the course. Results indicate that participation in the course favoured intergroup acceptance of the other and suggest that mindfulness training represents a useful educational method for reducing social discrimination.
Comparison of high‐intensity sound and mechanical vibration for cleaning porous titanium cylinders fabricated using selective laser melting
Authors: Seiffert Gary , Hopkins Carl , Sutcliffe Chris
Published: October 2015

Orthopedic components, such as the acetabular cup in total hip joint replacement, can be fabricated using porous metals, such as titanium, and a number of processes, such as selective laser melting. The issue of how to effectively remove loose powder from the pores (residual powder) of such components has not been addressed in the literature. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of two processes, acoustic cleaning using high‐intensity sound inside acoustic horns and mechanical vibration, to remove residual titanium powder from selective laser melting‐fabricated cylinders. With acoustic cleaning, the amount of residual powder removed was not influenced by either the fundamental frequency of the horn used (75 vs. 230 Hz) or, for a given horn, the number of soundings (between 1 and 20). With mechanical vibration, the amount of residual powder removed was not influenced by the application time (10 vs. 20 s). Acoustic cleaning was found to be more reliable and effective in removal of residual powder than cleaning with mechanical vibration. It is concluded that acoustic cleaning using high‐intensity sound has significant potential for use in the final preparation stages of porous metal orthopedic components. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 117–123, 2017.
Alternative competition‐induced digestive strategies yield equal growth, but constrain compensatory growth in red‐eyed treefrog larvae
Authors: Bouchard Sarah S. , O'Leary Chelsea J. , Wargelin Lindsay J. , Rodriguez Whitney B. , Jennings Kadeen X. , Warkentin Karen M.
Published: October 2015

Compensatory growth is well documented across taxa and provides a fitness advantage to animals who would otherwise reach a smaller reproductive size. We investigated the role of competition‐induced gut plasticity in facilitating a compensatory response in red‐eyed treefrog larvae. We reared larvae at low, medium, and high densities with different per capita resources, environments known to produce individuals with long and short guts. We then transferred larvae to competitively equal environments to determine if longer guts provided an advantage when resources became available. We predicted that larvae from higher densities with longer guts would exhibit hyperphagia and compensatory growth. We measured growth over 1‐week, as well as the time to and size at metamorphosis. To assess mechanisms underlying the growth response, we measured diet transit time and intake. Growth, development, and metamorph snout‐vent length did not differ between larvae with long and short guts. Instead, different gut lengths were associated with dramatically different feeding strategies. Medium‐ and high‐density larvae fed at rates far below what their guts could accommodate. However, the combination of low intake and longer guts extended diet transit times, presumably increasing digestibility. This unexpected strategy achieved the same results as that of low‐density larvae, which ate twice as much food, but passed it more quickly through a shorter gut. The lack of a compensatory response may be attributed to the costs of accelerated growth and weak seasonal time constraints in the tropics. This suggests that although compensatory growth is widespread among animals, expression of the response may vary with environmental context. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 778–788, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing Critical Consciousness Through a Cross‐Cultural Immersion Experience in South Africa
Authors: Choi Kyoung Mi , VanVoorhis Richard W. , Ellenwood Audrey E.
Published: October 2015

Using phenomenological approaches, the author explored the meanings and essences of a cross‐cultural immersion experience in South Africa among counseling master's‐level students. Five core themes—the meaning of being American, sociopolitical awareness, engagement with South Africans and their communities, appreciation of life, and commitment to change—characterized the development of critical consciousness (Freire, , ). Findings support positive influences of cross‐cultural immersion as an experiential pedagogical method for multicultural development.

Usando enfoques fenomenológicos, se exploraron los significados y esencias de una experiencia de inmersión transcultural en Sudáfrica entre estudiantes de nivel máster en consejería. Cinco temas centrales (el significado de ser estadounidense, la conciencia sociopolítica, la interacción con individuos sudafricanos y sus comunidades, la valoración de la vida y el compromiso con el cambio) caracterizaron el desarrollo de la conciencia crítica (Freire, , ). Los hallazgos confirman influencias positivas de la inmersión transcultural como un método pedagógico basado en la experiencia para el desarrollo multicultural.
The effect of a low radiation CT protocol on accuracy of CT guided implant migration measurement: A cadaver study
Authors: Boettner Friedrich , Sculco Peter K. , Lipman Joseph , Saboeiro Gregory , Renner Lisa , Faschingbauer Martin
Published: October 2015

The current study compared the impact of low radiation CT protocols on the accuracy, repeatability, and inter‐ and intra‐observer variability of implant migration studies in total hip arthroplasty. Two total hip replacements were performed in two human cadavers and six tantalum beads were inserted into the femur similar to radiostereometric analysis. Six different 28 mm heads (−3 mm, 0 mm, 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm) were added to simulate five reproducible translations (maximum total point migration) of the center of the head. Three CT scans with varying levels of radiation were performed for each head position. The effective dose (mSv) was 3.8 mSv for Protocol A (standard protocol), 0.7 mSv for Protocol B and 1.6 mSv for Protocol C. Implant migration was measured in a 3‐D analysis software (Geomagic Studio 7). The accuracy was 0.16 mm for CT Protocol A, 0.13 mm for Protocol B and 0.14 mm for Protocol C; The repeatability was 0.22 mm for CT Protocol A, 0.18 mm for Protocol B and 0.20 mm for Protocol C; ICC for inter observer reliability was 0.89, intra observer reliability was 0.95. The difference in accuracy between standard protocol A and the two low radiation protocols (B, C) was less than 0.05 mm. The accuracy, inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of all three CT protocols is comparable to radiostereometric analysis. Reducing the CT radiation exposure to numbers similar to an AP Pelvis radiograph (0.7 mSv protocol B) does not affect the accuracy of implant migration measurements. Keywords: Radiation dose, CT, migration analysis, cadaver. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:725–728, 2016.
Quantum dots: The ultimate down‐conversion material for LCD displays
Authors: Steckel Jonathan S. , Ho John , Hamilton Charles , Xi Jingqun , Breen Craig , Liu Wenhao , Allen Peter , Coe‐Sullivan Seth
Published: October 2015

Assuming that large color gamut and therefore better color reproducibility will be a highly desired feature of all displays as we look to the near future, we make the case in this paper that quantum dots (QDs) are currently the down‐conversion technology of choice that will allow liquid crystal display makers to cost‐effectively reach and exceed 100% of the NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) and Adobe RGB color standards while achieving maximum system efficiency. We will discuss in detail the numerous fundamental advantages of QDs over phosphors, along with their scientific origins, and make the case that QDs are the ultimate light generating material for next‐generation displays.