bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSPEK BISNIS WEALTH MANAGEMENT BERBASIS SYARÎ’AH
Authors: Handayani Sri
Published: March 2021

At the moment the growth of HNWI (High Net Worth Individual) is significantly developed. HNWI is a group of rich people having no idea in managing the properties. As a matter of course, this becomes a new prospective field on wealth management business for banking. In fact, banks dominate money market mainly in Indonesia. in accordance to this issue, this article tries to portray  the following subject matters---the importance wealth management as a service product for banks customers, the factors supporting the wealth management business in Indonesia, the criteria and characteristics of HNWI, the requirements of Islamic economic principles in applying wealth management syarî’ah base, and the challenge of organizing wealth management syarî’ah -base. From public view, the existence of wealth management syarî’ah base remains significant therefore it has a huge prospect considering the decrease of loan rate. It accelerates public to invent an alternate way instead of saving. On the other hand, there is a challenge of professional profit-share, unavailability of large amount of fresh money from investor, the minimum number of people understanding the proper syarî’ah finance management, and the existence of false assumption among publics that the current syarî’ah finance system has been only symbols interchange from conventional system to Islamic ones.
EKSISTENSI HUKUM ADAT DALAM SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Susylawati Eka
Published: March 2021

A traditional law (hukum adat) is a law reflecting anIndonesian character; as a result it has been claimed as thelaw which is genuinely Indonesian. As an unwritten law,nowadays the existence of traditional law is questionable.It has been judged as conservative, stiff, primitive oldfashioned comparing to the development of modernsociety. Some people argue that traditional law is unableto resolve the problems in this globalization era. In facts,traditional law has become a basic principle to legalize thecontemporary laws. For instances, traditional lawsinspires the law of UU. No 5 Th. 1960 about the major lawof agrarian affairs and the la of UU. No. 1 Th. 1974 aboutmarriage. The relevance of traditional law to current one issupported by the existence of UU. No. 4 Th. 2004 aboutthe authority of judicial affairs, it opens the chance for thejudges to execute and decide a case based on traditionallaws.
AKAR SEJARAH KONSTRUKSI LITERAL MADZHAB SYÂFI’Î
Authors: Thabrani Abdul Mukti
Published: March 2021

Madzhab Syâfi’î is known as moderate madzhab that connected to theliteralism of madzhab Maliki and rasionalism of madzhab Hanafi. But onthe other hand, the literalism consistency of this madzhab looks closenuance as the influence of the teacher, the founder of the madzhab,Imâm Mâlik bin Anas (d. 179 H), who has authority intellectually. Hecan build the literal scientific cycle that becomes an icon of madzhabSyâfi’î. This paper tries to describe historically the basic of all thosemadzhab as the basic reference for the beginners that want to know thismadzhab closely, and as a stimuli for the researchers that want to knowmore this construction and the pillars of scientific tradition from thispopular madzhab.
KEDUDUKAN JANDA DALAM HUKUM WARIS ADAT PADA MASYARAKAT PARENTAL
Authors: Susylawati Eka
Published: March 2021

The field of succession law in Indonesia up to now prevails lawpluralism in which Islamic succession, custom succession andwestern succession law (Burgerlijk Wetboek) exist in society.Among those succession laws, the custom succession one is themost dominant law in society. The custom law that has dynamiccharacteristics also influences to the status of widow to thelegacy oh her late husband, that from time to time it changes. Inparental society, in the early (before RI freedom), a widow wasnot a heir, then the next development, the widow inherit thelegacy of her late husband although the change has not receivedwell. The cause of the change is the awareness of society inrespecting the status of the widow and also because the mostIndonesian society are Islam that develops the customsuccession law influenced by Islamic law.
REINSTRUMENTASI FUNGSI ZAKAT MENUJU PENGENTASAN KESENJANGAN SOSIAL EKONOMI UMAT
Authors: - Juhari
Published: March 2021

Zakat is a worship mâliyah ijtimâ’iyah that has very importantand strategic position in empowering and development ofeconomic welfare in society. Because of that, zakat can functionas an instrument of even distribution of society’s economy. Butthis function is not longer felt by the society because of somereasons. The first, the knowledge of society to their treasure thatzakat must be given is limited to the konventional sources. Thesecond, the mechanism of zakat distribution is still traditionalkonsumptif. In such a way, the function of instrumentatif zakatas a media of mental learning mustahiq to put productive wayforward in financing is not reached. Therefore, theunderstanding of society. management and its distributionneed refreshing. This writing discusses how zakat can reallyfunction as the solution of imbalance society’s economy.
IBN RUSYD DAN METODE IJTIHÂD-NYA DALAM KITAB BIDÂYAT AL-MUJTAHID
Authors: Fahruddin Ali Sabri Fahruddin Ali Sabri
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Ushûl  fiqh has a significant role in Islamic science, since Islamic lawpartly regulates the essential problems not the detail ones. It became nature because Islamic law rules by the end of time. However in human being live there must always be change of social design, so that it always araises new problem in society. This article is to describe the Ibnu Rusyd’s method in deciding syar’i law. His capacity as fiqih expert is undoubtful. His masterpiece, Bidâyat al-Mujtahid wa Nihâyat al-Muqtashid is a comparison of fiqh book Key Words: Ibn Rusyd, ijtihâd, dan hukum Islâm
PERS DALAM WACANA HUKUM (Kajian tentang Kebebasan, Tanggungjawab, dan Deviasi Pers dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia)
Authors: Idri Idri
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Press takes an important role in expanding the country development, lastly it is not only lusty, free, and responsible but also it functions as an objective information disseminator, constrcutive social controll agent, public aspiration supplier, and to broaden public communication and participation. In brief, it needs to develop positive and harmony  interaction among press, government, and society. The freedom of press in extending information to public has been one of the realizations of people soverignty, furthermore it becomes a significant aspect to establish life of civility on the basis of the priciples of democracy, justice, and law supremacy. On the whole, press independency might be a responsible freedom: toward government, public, and press council. Key Words: Pers, kebebasan pers, dan tanggung jawab pers
OPTIMALISASI BANK SYARI’AH MENUJU GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Fahrur Ulum Fahrur Ulum
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Syarî’ah banking must be optimized earnestly to fulfill the stakeholders interest. The effective implementation of cooporate governance would realize the goal of fairness, accountability, and transparancy.  There are several prior focus of this system manager: basic concept and problems of cooperate governance in syarî’ah banking, the pillars of implementation, and the mechanism.  As a result, to create an effective  cooperate governance of syariah banking, the following aspects must be urgently required: a contract clarity, market discipline, moral dimension, socio-political atmosphere,  law enforcement, and institution. Board of directors, senior management, stockholders, and depositors have important roles to establish the  harmony of syariah banking development. The stakeholders  are directly connected to the mechanism of cooperate governance of syariah banking. Key Words: corporate governance, bank syari’ah, stakeholders, dan mudlârabah
PEROLEHAN TANAH DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH BERSKALA KECIL
Authors: Urip Santoso Urip Santoso
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Government is a side or party that needs land in terms of trivial scale of land provision. The way of land acquisition  in trivial scale must pass through the way of referential settlement release by the land owner. It is not allowed to have it by purcahsing and saling and also exchanging. The later way of land acquisition   cannot be done due tp in adequacy of term of material  of purcahsing and saling as well as exchanging.   Key Words: Pengadaan tanah, berskala kecil, jual beli, tukar-menukar, dan pelepasan hak atas tanah.
ADOPSI (Sebuah Tawaran Hukum Islâm menuju Kebaikan Masa Depan Anak Terlantar)
Authors: Fahruddin Ali Sabri Fahruddin Ali Sabri
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Konsep pengangkatan anak dalam hukum Islâm tidak mengenal pengangkatan anak dalam arti menjadi anak kandung secara mutlak, sedang yang ada hanya diperbolehkan untuk memelihara dengan tujuan memperlakukan anak dalam segi kecintaan pemberian nafkah, pendidikan atau pelayanan dalam segala kebutuhan yang bukan memperlakukan sebagai anak kandung. Dalam konsep Islâm, pengangkatan seorang anak tidak boleh memutus nasab antara si anak dengan orang tua kandungnya. Pengangkatan anak berdasarkan hukum Islâm adalah pengangkatan anak yang bersumber pada al-Qur’ân dan sunnah serta hasil ijtihâd. Memelihara anak terlantar merupakan salah satu dari kewajiban Negara, pemerintah hendaknya menyarankan kepada warga yang mampu untuk mengadopsi anak terlantar, hal ini dilakukan untuk melindungi dan mengangkat harkat dan martabat anak terlantar.   Abstract : This article higlights the concept of child adoption from the perspective of Islâmic law. It finds that claiming foster child as biological child is forbidden in Islamic law, it only allows the adopters to treat them in terms of expressing affection, giving basic necessities of life and facilitating the  education. Islamic law also states that child adoption must not delink the lineage between the foster children with their biological parents. Islamic law based adoption  is a child adoption which is based on al-Qur’ân, Sunnah, and Ijtihâd that is applied in Indonesia and they are formulated in any products of Islamic laws. They might be in form fiqh, fatwâ (binding ruling in Islamic matters), decretal, and official legal regulations, including Islamic Laws Compilation. Raising waif is also a country obligation, the government must recommend the wealthy citizens to adopt the waif to protect and to promote their prestige and dignity. Kata-kata Kunci: Adopsi, sadd al-dzarî’ah, dan anak terlantar
PERKAWINAN ADAT MUSLIM SUKU DANI DI PAPUA
Authors: Yelepele Umar , Hefni Moh.
Published: March 2021

Suku Dani adalah salah suku yang cukup besar di Papua. Sukuini kali pertama ditemukan oleh rombongan ekspedisipimpinan H. A. Lorentz pada 1909. Dalam perkembanganselanjutnya, orang-orang Dani Lembah Baliem mulaiberinteraksi dengan transmigrasi Muslim asal Jawa, Madura,Makasar, Ternate, dan Fak-Fak yang datang bertugas menjadiguru dan tentara. Agama Islam telah membawa perubahanpada masyarakat Muslim Suku Dani. Namun, para warganyahingga kini masih memertahankan adat kebiasaan leluhurmereka. Sebuah Tradisi yang selama ini masih tetap berlakudan dilestarikan dalam adat Muslim Suku Dani adalah praktikperkawinan adat. Penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatankualitatif berjenis etnografi ini menghasilkan temuan bahwadalam perkawinan adat tersebut, masyarakat Muslim sukuDani menggunakan mahar babi sebagai syarat untuk kawin. Disamping itu, mereka melakukan hubungan perkawinanberdasarkan pada sistem kekerabatan yang bersifat eksogami,yakni berasal dari dua belahan (moiety), yaitu wita yang terdiridari 23 buah klen dan waya yang terdiri dari 26 buah klen.
KONSEP GADAI DALAM HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Analisis terhadap Mekanisme Operasional Gadai Syarî’ah di Perusahaan Umum Pegadaian Syari’ah Pamekasan)
Authors: Kusairi Ah.
Published: March 2021

Hadirnya pegadaian di Indonesia sebagai lembaga keuanganformal yang bergerak menyalurkan pembiayaan dalambentuk meminjamkan uang kepada orang yangmembutuhkan sesuai hukum yang ada. Program inimembantu masyarakat untuk tidak terjebak dalam praktekriba dan lain-lain. Di samping itu, munculnya pegadaiansyari'ah menjamin dalam memberikan pelayanan kepadamasyarakat ketika menghadapi kebutuhan mendadak yangtelah enggan menggunakan pegadaian konvensional. Makadari itu, keberadaan pegadaian syarî'ah dapat digunakansebagai alternatif oleh masyarakat yang ingin berinteraksidalam gadai yang bebas riba dan sah menurut hukum Islam.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti, makadapat dideskripsikan sebagai berikut. Pertama, penerapanrahn pada Perusahaan Umum Pegadaian Syarî’ah Pamekasanmulai dari prosedur pengajuan pembiayaan sampai denganpelunasan secara umum sudah bisa dikatakan tidak ada yangmenyimpang dari huku-hukum Islam. Kedua, PerusahaanUmum Pegadaian Syarî’ah Jokotole Pamekasan tidakmenekankan pada pengambilan bunga dari barang yangdigadaikan. Akan tetapi bunga yang diberlakukan dipegadaian konvensional diganti dengan istilah ijârah. Selainitu, dalam perkembangannya, Pegadaian Syarî’ahmengeluarkan produk dengan nama MULIA (MurâbahahLogam Mulia untuk Investasi Abadi). Hal ini merupakanpenjualan logam emas yang disediakan di pegadaian syarî’ah.Ketiga, sisitem ijârah yang diberlakukan di Perusahaan UmumPegadaian Syarî’ah Pamekasan ada yang tidak sesuai denganaturan hukum Islam, karena keuntungan yang didapatdengan pemberlakuan ijârah dari nilai barang, tidak diketahuioleh nasabah yang hanya membutuhkan sebagian pinjaman dari nilai barang yang digadaikan. Ini disebut dengan sebuah penipuan. Selain itu, pemberlakuan jual beli logam emas juga termasuk bay al-‘înah yang dilarang dalam Islam karena ada unsur ribâ di dalamnya.
RELASI LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN (Menabrak Tafsir Teks, Menakar Realitas)
Authors: Mulyadi Achmad
Published: March 2021

Istilah jender dianggap sebagai diferensiasi pria-wanita.Perbedaan ini muncul karena realitas budaya yang dibangunoleh masyarakat. Konsep ini bertentangan dengan seks, yangmembedakan istilah pria-wanita secara biologis. Dengandemikian, perbedaan seks adalah konstruksi Allah, dan tidakdapat dikaji kembali. Di sisi lain, perbedaan jender adalahkonstruksi sosial dan dapat dikaji kembali (qâbil li al- niqasy).Oleh karena itu, konsep relasi pria-wanita selaludiperdebatkan dalam hal baik dalam studi teks atau dalamkonteks realitas di masyarakat. Artikel ini menguraikanpembentukan relasi pria-wanita dari perspektif teks,konstruksi budaya dan hari ini realitasnya. Dalam konteks ini,banyak tafsiran terhadap teks-teks sumber hukum Islam (al-Qur`an dan al-Hadits) justru menguatkan budaya patrilineal.Tradisi yang bias jender ini mengakar kuat dalam masyarakat.Walaupun demikian, hal yang tidak bisa diingkari adalahperubahan realitas. Saat ini mulai tampak bahwa peran-peranyang secara budaya dikonsepsikan untuk laki-laki justrudilakukan oleh perempuan. Fenomena ini merupakan wujudperubahan realitas, yang akan memunculkan budaya baruyang egaliter.
EQUALITAS JENDER (Konsep dan Aktualisasinya dalam Islam serta Implikasinya atas Rumusan Hukum Islam)
Authors: Naser Jamal Abd.
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini secara deskriptif argumentatif berusahamengkaji konsep Islam tentang equalitas jender. Didalamnya dideskripsikan juga aktualisasi equalitas jenderdalam perspektif dinamika sosial baik pada level akademismaupun aksi sosial. Tulisan ini akhirnya sampai padasuatu kesimpulan, bahwa konsep feminisme liberal tentangequalitas jender lebih equivalen dengan perspektif Islam,sehingga sampai batas tertentu, ia dapat diterima olehmasyarakat Muslim, melalui pintu masuk kritistransformatif-adaptif. Lebih dari itu, konsep tersebutberimplikasi teoritis atas beberapa rumusan hukum Islam,seperti kemungkinan kesetaraan dalam otoritas persaksiandan pola kewarisan antara laki-laki dan perempuan.Melalui model ini, sudah saatnya untuk difikirkan tentangkemungkinan kesetaraan dan keadilan dalam beberaparumusan hukum Islam tersebut.
MENEROPONG KONSEP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI (Telaah atas Kontribusi Sistem Ekonomi Islam atas Sistem Ekonomi Konvensional)
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2021

Manusia sebagai makhluk yang memiliki berbagai kebutuhanyang harus dipenuhi untuk mempertahankan kelangsunganhidupnya. Untuk mendapatkan kebutuhan-kebutuhan dasartersebut, manusia harus berusaha untuk mendapatkannyamelalui berbagai bidang termasuk di bidang ekonomi. Dalampandangan ekonomi konvensional, pertumbuhan ekonomisecara garis besar ditujukan untuk kesejahteraan materi. Islamjuga memandang bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakansatu sarana untuk menjamin tegaknya keadilan sosial secarakekal. Faktor-Faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah sumbersumberinvestasi yang identik dengan modal, sumber dayamanusi yang identik dengan tenaga kerja, enterpreneurship (jiwawirausaha) dan kemajuan teknologi. Semua faktor tersebut jugadikenal dalam Islam dan tidak ada pertentangan bahkandukungan dari konsep Islam terhadap faktor-faktor tersebut.Pengukuran pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam ekonomi Islamadalah sama dengan ekonomi konvensional, hanya saja adatambahan unsur Zakat dalam proses perhitungannya GNP.Pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam perspektif Islam harusmemasukkan aspek aksiologis (nilai, moral) agar pertumbuhanekonomi tidak hanya diorientasikan kepada kesejahteraanmateri saja melainkan memasukkan juga aspek ruhaniyah.
MENGURAI PETA KITAB-KITAB HADITS (Kajian Referensi atas Kitab-kitab Hadits)
Authors: Wahyudi Arif
Published: March 2021

Karya di bidang hadits sangat kaya, baik dari segi kuantitas,ragam kajian maupun metodologi penyusunannya. Dengankarya yang demikian banyak, tentu tidak mudah untukmengkaji dan mengenal seluruhnya. Faktor ini membuatsebagian pengkaji ilmu keislaman kurang tepat dalambereferensi terhadap kitab-kitab hadits. Oleh karena itu, perluterdapat kajian mengenai ragam dan karakteristik kitab-kitabhadits untuk memudahkan melacak maupun mereferensipada setiap hadits yang diambil. Tulisan ini tidak mencakupseluruh kitab hadits, namun memfokuskan pada beberapamacam kitab hadits, seperti kitab-kitab induk hadits, kitabkitabsyarh, kitab-kitab penghimpunan dan kitab-kitab rijal.Kitab induk hadits merupakan kitab yang ditulis mukharrijhadits dengan sanad bersambung sampai ke nabi tanpamengutip dari kitab-kitab ulama yang lain. Kepada kitab-kitabinilah setiap penukilan hadits dirujuk. Kitab-kitab syarh haditsmerupakan penjelasan terhadap kitab-kitab induk tertentumengenai makna matn hadits maupun tentang sanad-nya.Kitab penghimpunan merupakan kumpulan hadits-hadits dariberbagai kitab induk hadits sesuai dengan tema yangdiinginkan penulis kitabnya. Kitab-kitab inilah yang seringdisalahartikan sebagai kitab induk hadits. Adapun kitab rijâlal-hadîts membicarakan mengenai para periwayat hadits,ditujukan untuk menilai validitas hadits dari sisi sanad, baikketersambungannya, atau cacat tidaknya seorang rawî.
WAKAF UANG (Sebuah Alternatif dalam Upaya Menyejahterakan Masyarakat)
Authors: Sabri Fahruddin Ali
Published: March 2021

Kemiskinan dan kesenjangan sosial di Indonesia merupakanpersoalan krusial yang kronis dan sulit untuk dipecahkan.Kemiskinan dan kesenjangan sosial cukup mengemuka disebuah negara yang kaya dengan sumber daya alam yangmelimpah. Lebih buruk lagi, negara yang diklaim miskin danberpenduduk terbesar kelima dunia, ternyata dihuni mayoritasumat Muslim. Salah satu solusi alternatif dalam mengatasipersoalan kemiskinan dan kesenjangan sosial adalah denganmengembangkan wakaf. Wakaf merupakan salah satu lembagahukum yang berasal dari hukum Islam. Wakaf dilakukan olehumat Muslim dalam rangka melaksanakan ibadah untukAllah. Pelaksanaan wakaf harus memenuhi rukun dansyaratnya wakaf. Rukun wakaf ada empat yaitu adanya wakîf,harta yang akan diwakafkan, tempat di mana benda akandiwakafkan dan akad. Benda wakaf berdasarkan hukum Islammeliputi semua harta yang dimiliki oleh wakîf. Salah satu darimacam wakaf yang beberapa tahun belakangan ini dikenaloleh umat Muslim adalah wakaf uang. Wakaf uang akan dapatmenjadi instrument ekonomi penting untuk menyelesaikanpersoalan kemiskinan dan kesenjangan, sehingga masyarakatakan sejahtera.
BANK SYARÎ'AH DAN TAKÂFUL (Sebuah Kajian Evaluatif-Reflektif atas Perkembangan Bank Syarî'ah dan Takâful di Indonesia)
Authors: Hadi Sofyan
Published: March 2021

Islam menjiwai dan mewarnai perilaku manusia dalam berpikir,bersikap maupun bertindak dengan batas-batas yang telah ditetapkan, dalam rangka pengabdian kepada Allah swt. Setelahmelalui perdebatan sengit selama berabad-abad tentangperilaku bunga uang (ribâ, interest) dalam menentukan perilakuekonomi manusia, antara diharamkan atau dibolehkan, kinimuncul di hadapan kita keputusan di mana terbuka jalan bagiyang mengharamkan bunga dan bagi yang membolehkan ataubahkan mengharuskannya dengan konsep yang lebih Islâmîdan dapat diterima oleh berbagai pihak terutama mayoritaspenduduk Indonesia yang notabene beragama Islam dengan apayang dikenal sebagai bank syarî'ah dan takâful (asuransi Islâm).Melalui kedua lembaga inilah kita berharap dapat menyaksikanpada satu saat terwujudnya “gurita” ekonomi umat yangdahsyat, apabila terjadi kerjasama mudlarabah di tingkatkelembagaan ekonomi syarî'ah (BMI, BSI, BPRS, BMT dan STI)dengan berpedoman pada ta’âwanû ‘alâ al-birr wa al-taqwâ, wa lâta'âwanû alâ al-itsm wa al-‘udwân. Kerjasama ini hendaklahprofesional. Untuk itu perlu dibangun manajemen yang Islâmî,yang didukung dengan sumber daya terampil, yang bekerjadengan keyakinan dan teguh dalam pendirian serta memilikimoral atau akhlaq yang luhur.
Notícias digitais como formas de conhecimento: um novo capítulo na Sociologia do Conhecimento
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus Kleis
Published: March 2021

Este texto, publicado originalmente como capítulo de livro, discute as formas de conhecimento geradas pelas notícias digitais e é uma atualização do que Robert Park propõe no artigo A notícia como forma de conhecimento (News as a form of knowledge), de 1940. Park (1940) situou o jornalismo informativo em algum lugar do continuum entre a familiaridade com e o conhecimento sobre, e esta pesquisa avança ao oferecer três tipos ideais que caracterizam as notícias produzidas e consumidas em ambientes digitais: notícias-como-impressões, notícias-como-itens e notícias-sobre-relações. Essas categorias são propostas e utilizadas para descrever e compreender o caráter mais efêmero ou mais contextual da notícia. O texto defende, por fim, que as notícias digitais não geram apenas uma forma, mas formas de conhecimento.
Relações entre a Teoria das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas e a competência em informação
Authors: Alcará Adriana Rosecler
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta relações entre a necessidade de competência, autonomia e pertencimento e a competência em informação. Essas três necessidades integram a Teoria da Autodeterminação e, quando satisfeitas, influenciam na motivação intrínseca, que é essencial para a aprendizagem e inerente à competência em informação. Quanto aos procedimentos, é uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório e com abordagem qualitativa. Foi feita a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e no Google Acadêmico. Entre os principais resultados, evidencia que a competência em informação pode ser impactada pela competência, autonomia e pertencimento, assim como a satisfação dessas necessidades psicológicas básicas pode ser apoiada pela competência em informação. Isso porque ambas têm em comum aspectos cognitivos, afetivos e sociais que estão presentes nas ações para a formação do aprendiz frente às suas demandas e problemas informacionais. Ressalta que a associação entre a motivação e a competência em informação é necessária e que as variáveis individuais, coletivas e contextuais que podem influenciar a motivação para aprender também implicam em interferências na competência em informação. Assim, deve-se levar em conta essas variáveis no planejamento de ações para a formação da competência em informação.
Desvendando as relações de outras disciplinas com ciência da informação: avaliação a partir da perspectiva internacional
Authors: Fernandes Wesley Rodrigo , Cendón Beatriz Valadares
Published: March 2021

O objetivo geral do artigo é investigar na literatura científica o uso do conhecimento produzido pela ciência da informação internacional por pesquisadores das demais áreas científicas. A pesquisa é realizada em duas etapas. Os dados analisados na primeira etapa são provenientes de uma análise de citações a artigos da área de ciência da informação do cenário internacional publicados entre 1997 e 2016 e presentes na Web of Science. Na segunda etapa, com o objetivo de determinar o tipo de relação (multi, inter ou transdisciplinar) estabelecida entre as citações de outras disciplinas e a ciência da informação, é realizada análise quantitativa em uma amostra não-probabilística por conveniência de 15% das citações de outras disciplinas a trabalhos provenientes da ciência da informação internacional identificados na primeira etapa. Ainda na amostra utilizada na segunda etapa, para os trabalhos das citações que apresentam propriedades indicativas de serem pesquisas construídas a base de uma relação interdisciplinar, é realizada uma análise qualitativa para determinar se elas são de natureza uni, inter, multi ou transdisciplinar. Como principais resultados destacam-se: a observação de uma tendência de crescimento das citações dos trabalhos internacionais da área pelas demais áreas do conhecimento científico, esse fato pode demonstrar que a ciência da informação internacional tem avançado teórica e metodologicamente de modo sistemático nesses últimos 20 anos; a verificação de uma expressiva utilização do conhecimento da ciência da informação internacional pelas demais áreas do conhecimento, indicando uma potencial relação interdisciplinar de outras disciplinas com a ciência da informação internacional. Entretanto, esta potencial relação interdisciplinar não é confirmada pela análise quanti-qualitativa realizada na segunda etapa da pesquisa.
THE SEARCH FOR NEUROPROTECTIVE COMPOUNDS AMONG NEW ETHYLTHIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Cherevatenko R. F. , Antsiferov O. V. , Skachilova S. Y. , Pokrovsky M. V. , Gureev V. V. , Banchuk I. I. , Banchuk A. Y. , Golubinskaya M. I. , Syromyatnikova A. A. , Rozhkov I. S. , Mostovykh A. A.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study is to search compounds with neuroprotective properties among new ethylthiadiazole derivatives in simulated traumatic brain injury.

Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 78 white male rats 270±20 g line “Wistar” 5–6 months of age and 120 outbred sexually mature mice weighing 20±2 grams. The article describes the search for compounds with neuroprotective properties among new ethylthiadiazole derivatives under the codes LKHT 4–15, LKHT 10–18, LKHT 11–18, and LKHT 12–18 in experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. Acute toxicity of the compounds was studied. Pharmacological screening was performed using behavioral and neurological research methods. The McGraw stroke score scale modified by I.V. Gannushkina and the mNSS psychometric scale were used in the study. The open field and Rota-rod tests were used to assess the behavioral status of the animals.

Results. The compound-LKHT 12–18 at a dose of 50 mg/kg was detected as a leader. In pharmacological correction of pathology, this compound had the lowest percentage of fatality among the studied compounds (8%), the severity of neurological deficit was significantly reduced, the lowest scores and a higher level of motor activity of the limbs were registered. The number of rearing in the group of animals receiving the compound LKHT 12–18 at the dose of 50 mg/kg increased by 1.5 times, statistically significant (p<0.05) in comparison with the control group. Based on the results of the “Rota-rod” test, the total time of holding animals on the rod for 3 attempts was statistically significantly different in the groups administered with LKHT 12–18 derivatives (1.5 times longer) at the dose of 50 mg/kg compared with the control (p<0.05).

Conclusion. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is planned to study in more detail the compound LKHT 12–18 at the dose of 50 mg/kg.
ADDITIVE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF 3-HYDROXYPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND HUMAN ERYTHROPOETIN ANALOGUE ON A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE MODEL IN RATS
Authors: Kolesnichenko P. D. , Scheblykina O. V. , Nesterova N. I. , Scheblykin D. V. , Nesterov A. V. , Pokrovskiy M. V. , Zhuchenko M. A. , Tverskoy A. V. , Reznikov K. M.
Published: March 2021

The correction of free radical oxidation processes is one of the most promising strategies of neuroprotection in acute cerebrovascular disorders.

The aim of the study is an experimental study of the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives, as well as their combined use.

Materials and methods. The study was performed on 109 male Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was studied on a hemorrhagic stroke model. The study drugs were administered to the animals intraperitoneally. Carbamylated darbepoetin was administered three times in advance at the dose of 100 µg/kg within intervals of 3 days, the last injection took place 1 hour before the operation (the total dose was 300 mg/kg). Etoxidol was administered once 1 hour before the surgery at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The survival rate, behavioral features and the state of the animals on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days were recorded, and the morphological assessment of the brain was carried out.

Results. The investigated substances had a positive effect on both the survival rate of the animals during the first day and on the 14th day. The best survival rates on the 14th day were recorded in the group of a combined use of ethoxydol and carbamylated darbepoetin (75%). Thus, in this group of rats, a faster recovery of neurological disorders was already distinguished from the first day on. By the 7th day, more than 50% of the rats receiving the combination of the studied drugs, had had a slight neurological deficit (up to 3 points on the McGrow scale); by the 14th day there had been only minor changes in the neurological status in the rats of this group. A pronounced neuroprotective effect of the combination of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives has been confirmed by a histological examination of brain slices – a more rapid decrease in the size of perifocal edema and microcirculation disorders, less damage to neurons and glial elements, and faster processes of resorption and organization of hemorrhage. A macroscopic examination of the brain sections stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride of the dying rats, showed that perifocal necrosis had been the main cause of high mortality in the control group after the 3rd day.

Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, the nephroprotective effect of the studied derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin has been proved. Moreover, the combination of these drugs has shown a greater neuroprotective activity than their isolated use. The additive effect of these drugs was due to their action mechanism resulting from the synergism of various structures and components of the cells.
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Petrov V. I. , Gerasimenko A. S. , Gorbatenko V. S. , Shatalova O. V.
Published: March 2021

Background. Every fifth ischemic stroke is caused by a patient’s history of atrial fibrillation. Nowadays, direct and indirect oral anticoagulants are widely used to prevent thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, despite the prescription of this group of drugs, every year 1–2% of patients with atrial fibrillation have an ischemic stroke. In this situation, a number of questions take rise: if it is possible to carry out thrombolytic therapy in the patients who have been taking anticoagulants; if it is worth resuming anticoagulant therapy after a stroke; when exactly this should be done; and what drugs should be used to prevent another stroke.

The aim of this review was to summarize the available clinical guidelines and research results on the study of the anticoagu- lant therapy characteristics in patients with atrial fibrillation after an ischemic stroke.

Materials and methods. For this review, the information presented in the scientific literature from open and available sourc- es, has been used. The information had been placed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sci- ence Core Collection, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov; Elibrary, Cyberleninka, Google Academy. The covering period was 1997–2020. The search queries were: “ischemic stroke + atrial fibrillation + anticoagulants”; “ischemic stroke + atrial fibrillation + direct oral coagulants” and “atrial fibrillation + ischemic stroke + warfarin” in both Russian and English equivalents.

Results and conclusion. Currently, the problem of the use of anticoagulants for the prevention of recurrent thromboembolic complications in patients with AF in the acute period of a stroke, is studied insufficiently. The difficulties are caused by the delivery of TLT in the patients who have been taking DOACs, first of all, due to the impossibility of an accurate assessment of the hemostasis state because of the unavailability of routine specific tests; and second, as a result of the lack of registered antidotes for most drugs, and their high costs. Besides, there are no RCTs dedicated to the study of the optimal time for the resumption or initiation of anticoagulant therapy in the acute period of an IS, and the optimal drugs for this group of patients. Most of the existing recommendations on these aspects, are based on the consensus of experts, and this fact indicates the need for further research in the area under review.
COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF METHODOLOGIES FOR ESTIMATING THE COST OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND BRAZIL
Authors: Syraeva G. I. , Kolbin A. S. , Matveev A. V. , Panezhina V. S.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the review article was to highlight the methodologies for assessing the financial costs of adverse drug reactions exemplified by the Russian Federation and Brazil.

Materials and methods: for a comparative analysis, materials from open sources were used. The study of the experience of methods used for assessing the burden of adverse drug reactions, was carried out using the system for calculating payments for medical care by clinical-statistical and clinical-profile groups, the methodology for assessing the severity of adverse events of the US National Cancer Institute, drug-associated problems, and “the decision tree” model.

Results. When comparing the costs of ADR management in the Russian Federation and Brazil, the following results have been obtained: in the Russian Federation, the “cost” of reaction can be estimated only for a limited number of nosological groups that are regulated by the classification of diseases by clinical and statistical groups; in Brazil, when predicting the costs of adverse reactions management, the combination of “the decision tree” method and the Delphi method is used. In the Russian Federation, the cost of the 3rd and above severity adverse event (according to CTCAE v. 4.03), varies from 26,849.22 up to 26,196.37 RUB in the North-West region (St. Petersburg). In Brazil, the cost of ADR ranges from 13 USD (the best scenario for the patient) to 574 USD (the worst scenario for the patient), which is about 975 and 43,000 RUB, respectively. The introduction of methods that make it possible to predict the development and potential outcomes of adverse drug reactions, as well as taking into account the experiences of foreign colleagues in their modeling, will reduce economic costs in the Russian Federation at the federal level.

Conclusion: for the economic value analysis and further forecasting, an improvement of existing methodologies is required. The models used in the Russian Federation (“the decision tree”, classification of diseases by clinical groups, Markov model) do not take into account the time factor, therefore, when planning the analysis of potential costs for adverse reactions, it is necessary to reinforce the methods with such tools as QALY, YLL, and YLD.
Para Lá do Fenómeno Cultural: A Mutilação Genital Feminina Como um Problema de Saúde Pública em Portugal
Authors: Paixão Margarida , Valente João , Leite Andreia , “Práticas Saudáveis – Fim à Mutilação Genital Feminina” Em Representação da Equipa de Implementação do Projecto
Published: March 2021

N/a.
End-of-life communication, comfort, and engagement among middle-aged and older individuals with families in the United States
Authors: Shearman Sachiyo , Johnson Erika , Thompson Brittany , Satomi Imai
Published: March 2021

Objective: Drawing from the family communication patterns theory and family life cycle theory, this study examined predictors for middle-aged (40 to 59 years old) and older (60 to 79 years old) individuals’ comfort level and actual engagement in communication about their EoL wishes with their families, specifically with their spouse and child(ren).

Background: Communicating about end-of-life (EoL) wishes is not easy for many, even though scholars recommend clarifying and communicating EoL wishes with family members well before one is near death. People are not always well educated or informed about their EoL care options and wishes, do not always know what an AD entails, how an AD works, or how to communicate effectively about advance care planning.  The discussion of one’s EoL wishes is beneficial, not only for improving the overall care and well-being of a patient, but also for their family and caretakers.

Method: A total of 189 married individuals between the ages of 40 and 80 with one or more child(ren) participated in a survey that examined the clarity of their EoL wishes, knowledge of their EoL issues, health status, and the two dimensions of their family communication environment.

Conclusion: The current study indicates that an open family communication climate, knowledge of EoL issues, clarity of EoL wishes, and age are strong predictors for individuals’ engagement in EoL communication among their family.
Trials for second generation Covid-19 vaccines: Revisiting the debate over placebo use in developing country clinical trials
Authors: Lurie Peter
Published: March 2021

This article compares the current debate over the use of placebos in developing country clinical trials of second generation Covid-19 vaccines with the debates over previous paradigmatic cases raising similar issues. Compared to the earlier zidovudine and Surfaxin trials, Covid-19 vaccine trials are likely to confer lower risk to placebo groups and to offer a greater number and variety of alternative study designs. However, turning to the developing world to conduct studies that would be unacceptable in developed countries, simply on the ground that Covid-19 vaccines are generally unavailable in developing countries, is not ethically justifiable. This is so whether the justification is rooted in total absence of vaccine in a given country or in developing country vaccine prioritisation practices, because at root both derive from economic, not scientific conditions. However, the advent of variants that may create genuine uncertainty as to comparator vaccine effectiveness could justify a placebo control, depending on vaccine characteristics, variant prevalence, the degree of variant resistance, and the acceptability of immune-bridging studies. These factors must be considered together in the necessary case-by-case assessment of the ethical justification for any proposed trial.
Adverse Childhood Experiences Combined with Emotional and Physical Abuse by the Partner Predict Antenatal Depression.
Authors: Abe Yoshiko , Sirichokchatchawan Wandee , Sangkomkamhang Ussanee , Satthapisit Sirina , Maes Michael
Published: March 2021

Background: Few studies examined the contributions of childhood adversities, intimate partner violence and social support to antenatal depression (AD). This study aims to 1) evaluate association of these psychosocial factors with AD symptoms in early pregnancy; and 2) examine the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between psychosocial stressors and AD symptoms.Methods: Participants were 120 pregnant women aged from 18 to 49 in less than 16 gestational weeks and attending at Antenatal Care Center at Khon Kaen hospital, Thailand. AD symptoms were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Childhood adversities, intimate partner violence and social support were measured using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE questionnaire), Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: We found that the EPDS score was significantly and positively associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negatively with social support. Partial Least Square analysis showed that 49.1% of the variance in the depressive subdomain of the EPDS score was predicted by ACEs, namely psychological and physical abuse and neglect, emotional or physical abuse by the partner, unplanned pregnancy, and no satisfaction with their relationship. The effects of adverse childhood experience due to neglect on the EDPS score was mediated by social support by friends. Limitations: ACEs were assessed retrospectively and, therefore, may be susceptible to recall bias.Conclusion: Prenatal depression scores are to a large extent predicted by psychological distress as indicated by early lifetime trauma, abuse by partner, relation satisfaction, and implications of unintended pregnancy.
UJi Balok Beton Bertulang Memadat Sendiri High Volume Fly Ash 50% tanpa Sengkang
Authors: Sri Kartika Agelia Gita
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK

Dalam pengembangan industri beton memadat sendiri (Self Compacting Concrete), pemanfaatan fly ash dalam skala besar pada campuran material pembentuk beton sebagai bahan pengganti semen memiliki beberapa dampak yang menguntungkan. Fly ash memiliki butiran yang lebih halus dibandingkan dengan semen sehingga dapat mengisi rongga-rongga di antara butiran campuran beton. Selain itu, Fly ash memiliki kandungan Oksida Silika (SiO2) yang dapat bereaksi dengan kandungan Kalsium Hidroksida Ca(OH)2 dari produksi hidrasi reaksi semen dengan air, dan menghasilkan senyawa C-S-H yang dapat membangun kekuatan beton. Hal ini mendorong penelitian mengenai pengaruh substitusi parsial semen dengan fly ash terhadap kapasitas geser balok beton bertulang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan 3 balok beton bertulang High Volume Fly Ash – Self Compacting Concrete dengan kadar substitusi fly ash terhadap semen sebesar 50% dan 3 balok beton bertulang normal yang masing-masing memiliki dimensi penampang sebesar 18,5 cm x 15 cm, dan memiliki panjang 130 cm. Pengujian kapasitas geser dilaksanakan dengan memberi beban terhadap benda uji hingga mencapai keruntuhan geser. Hasil pengujian tersebut kemudian diteliti kembali untuk dianalisis mengenai pengaruh beban terhadap lendutan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahawa balok beton bertulang High Volume Fly Ash – Self Compacting Concrete memiliki lendutan yang lebih besar pada setiap kenaikan pembebanan.

Kata Kunci : fly ash, hvfa-scc, kapasitas geser.
Kapasitas Geser - Lentur Balok Beton Bertulang High Volume Fly Ash Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA-SCC) dengan Kadar Fly Ash 60% dan Balok Beton Normal
Authors: Shelina Sheilla , Shelina Sheilla
Published: March 2021

mengkaji kapasitas geser dari balok HVFA-SCC dan Balok beton normal
Kajian Kuat Geser Langsung Beton Memadat Sendiri dengan Kadar Fly Ash 50% dan 60%
Authors: Mulya Favian Gustav
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Beton adalah bahan konstruksi yang banyak dipakai dalam pembangunan infrastruktur. Akan tetapi, proses produksi semen menimbulkan adanya CO2 yang cukup besar yaitu pada satu ton semen menghasilkan 0,55 ton CO2 serta membutuhkan bahan bakar karbon yang dapat mengeluarkan emisi CO2 setara 0,45 ton serta menyebabkan Global Warming (Davidovits, 1994). Fly Ash merupakan material substitusi semen yang saat ini sering dilakukan penelitian serta digunakan. Fly ash merupakan limbah industri berasal dari pembakaran batubara, dengan ukuran diameter 1-150 µm (Siddique, 2004). Fly Ash memiliki kandungan SiO2 yang relatif tinggi, sehingga bisa digunakan sebagai material pozzolan substitusi semen yang bersifat mengikat dalam pembuatan beton. Fly Ash dengan kandungan >50% disertai dengan tambahan material superplastictizer akan dapat menjadikan struktur beton yang bersifat daktail dapat menggalir serta memadat mandiri, campuran ini disebut sebagai High Volume Fly Ash - Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA – SCC). Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas besar kuat geser langsung beton HVFA – SCC pada kandungan fly ash 50% dan 60% kemudian hasil tersebut akan dikomparasikan dengan balok beton normal. Digunakan balok dobel L bertulang dengan penampang 10x 20x36 cm terdiri atas 5 balok beton normal dan 5 balok HVFA-SCC dengan kandungan fly ash 50% serta 5 balok HVFA-SCC dengan kandungan fly ash 60%. Pada uji kuat geser langsung digunakkan alat yaitu LVDT, dari pengujian ini akan diperoleh grafik hubungan Load-Displacement dengan tegangan geser maksimum beton HVFA-SCC 50%, 60% serta balok beton normal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian benda uji dobel L HVFA-SCC memiliki kuat geser maksimum lebih besar daripada beton normal.

Kata Kunci : fly ash, HVFA-SCC, kuat geser
In Vitro Investigations on Optimizing and Nebulization of IVT-mRNA Formulations for Potential Pulmonary based Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Treatment
Authors: Guan Shan , Darmstaedter Max , Xu Chuanfei , Rosenecker Joseph
Published: March 2021

Background: In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has come into focus in recent years as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of genetic diseases. The pulmonary delivery of IVT-mRNA encoding alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a promising strategy for protein replacement therapy of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). The nebulized A1AT-mRNA formulations would be a highly acceptable and tolerable remedy for the AATD patients in the future. Method: we first optimized parameters that influencing the transfection efficiency of formulations containing IVT-mRNA and Lipofectamine2000 based on human bronchial epithelial cells transfection. Cell viability was evaluated by performing MTT assay after transfection with different IVT-mRNA lipoplexes. Functional analysis was employed to assess the biological function of A1AT proteins produced from optimized formulations using anti-trypsin assay and anti-elastase assay. Results: Lipoplexes prepared by IVT-mRNA encoding A1AT (A1AT-mRNA) in optimum conditions could successfully transfect human bronchial epithelial cells without significant toxicity. A reduction in transfection efficiency was observed for aerosolized lipoplexes that can be partially overcome by increasing the initial amount of components. A1AT produced from cells transfected by nebulized A1AT-mRNA lipoplexes is functional and could successfully inhibit the enzyme activity of trypsin as well as elastase. Conclusion: Aerosolization of A1AT-mRNA therapeutic constitute a potentially powerful means to transfect airway epithelial cells with the purpose of producing functional A1AT while bringing along the unique advantages of IVT-mRNA.