bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ILLICIT DRUGS: CHALLENGES AND TENACITIES
Authors: Imam Syed  Kaleem , Fatima Samza
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the global phenomenon of drug addiction, analyzes the historical trajectory of drug abuse, examines its categories, and considers response mechanisms in conjunction with local and international initiatives intended to reduce substance abuse. The paper emphasizes the role of legal institutions at the local level and the way international actors and stakeholders collaborate to curb the threat. The research presented here presents opportunities for drug control through programs, rehabilitation sessions, and policy initiatives. It sketches a comprehensive and well-defined program that focuses on the role of legal institutions in preventing and treating drug addiction. It explores the challenges of drugs as a global hazard and provides policy frameworks for collective responses in place of government and non-government interventions. In this study, a doctrinal approach is employed along with an exploratory approach. This paper would contribute considerably to the understanding of the subject.
God Is Good: Why We Desire, Love, and Serve Him
Authors: Chewning Richard C.
Published: May 2024

And Jesus said to him, “Why do you call Me good? No one is good except God alone.” Luke 18:19Chewning shares that contemplating the depths of God’s goodness in His acts of creation, redemption, and providence can only increase our desire to know Him better, to be with Him more, and to fellowship with Him more fully.
The Search for Balance
Authors: Johnson Sharon G.
Published: May 2024

In 1994, we launched the effort to create a new journal dedicated to investigating the intersection of business practice and philosophy and biblicalperspectives. During the last decade, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business has grown and matured. It is a good time to look back and ask what we have learned and how we have changed.
Case 6: Choice of an Executive Assistant
Authors: Whetstone Tom
Published: May 2024

Jack Brown, an active member of his local church, genuinely desired to serve as a Christian businessperson. At the age of 42, he was hired as the CEO of ZYX Corporation. The previous CEO’s executive assistant, Miss Emma Cummings, who had served 30 years as personal secretary/executive assistant to the last six CEOs, decided that it was a good time for her to retire. This would allow Mr. Brown the opportunity to select her successor as he began his tenure.
Case 11: The Bottom Line and the Seminary
Authors: Osland Asbjorn , Ankeny Mark
Published: May 2024

Dr. Gary Janzen, the new seminary dean, had recently come to Friends’ Northwest University (hereafter referred to as Friends’). He was to develop a strategy to make the seminary competitive locally (with its master’s degrees, certificate programs, and outreach), and competitive nationally (with its doctor of ministry degree program, which was based on a hybrid residential and online format). Janzen had a practical orientation, having served more than 25 years as a pastor. His terminal degree was a doctor of ministry – a professionally oriented doctorate, as opposed to the Ph.D.s held by researchers in seminaries. The newly arrived President Bill Duncan believed the seminary needed a practical leader.
The Challenge: To Impregnate Business Teaching with Biblical Integrity
Authors: Chewning Richard C.
Published: May 2024

Dr. Chewning reminds us to examine the presuppositions with which we approach Scripture and its application. He also offers principles for minimizing exegetical problems as well as practical suggestions for helping us grow in our efforts to integrate.
Christian Virtues and Finance
Authors: Logue Niles C.
Published: May 2024

This article discusses both anecdotal evidence and findings of recent research to demonstrate that the biblical virtues of integrity and its close cousins, justice and righteousness, are integral to the efficient functioning of financial markets and the efficient financial performance of businesses in our system of democratic capitalism. The article notes that the presuppositions of finance currently ignore these normative considerations, and discusses the possibility of a paradigm shift toward a values-based perspective in finance.
Three Basics for Leadership Development in Christian Colleges and Universities
Authors: Page Don
Published: May 2024

The author suggests three basic issues to be addressed in developing leadership skills in business students: the biblical mandate in the form of a theology for Christian leadership, accomplishing leadership development within the curriculum without violating the tenets of a liveral arts education, and advantages Christians have over non-Christians in leadership.
Relativistic Synthesis: Thwarting the Mind of Christ
Authors: Chewning Richard C.
Published: May 2024

"...if salt has become tasteless,...it is good for nothing"(Matthew 5:13 NASB)Lest Christians synthesize the ideas and thoughts of the world with those of the Bible and create a form of "relativistic synthesis," Dr. Chewning presents presuppositions and illustrations to encourage teachers in their quest to help their students develop the mind of Christ.
Maintaining Commitment While Sustaining Conversation
Authors: Johnson Sharon G.
Published: May 2024

This issue of the JBIB takes a significant step forward in the development of the journal. We have increased in size; but, more importantly, we have increased in dialogue.
A Comment to “Justice and Christian Management”
Authors: Porter Brian E.
Published: May 2024

Beversluis contends in his essay, Justice and Christian Management, that “...love needs to be informed by justice” and that “...justice requires formal structure (such as rules, procedures, explicit contracts, explicit due process policies, and written criteria of performance appeal procedures)” (Beversluis, p. 8). That is, though practicing love should assure justice within Christian organizations, it does not. Thus, a formal structure is necessary to help achieve, though not guarantee, justice (Beversluis, p. 12). The essay is compelling, and, given that virtually all organizations (profit and nonprofit)implement some type of formal structure, few people (Christian or non-Christian) would contest its general premise.
Reducing Loss to follow-up among Clients Living with HIV through Back to Care Initiative in Kongwa District in Dodoma
Authors: Mushi (Ph.D) Lawrencia , Lukwaro (MSc. HM&E) Rehema
Published: May 2024

Loss to follow-up among People Living with HIV/AIDS at HIV clinics is increasing, as most of the clients enrolled at CTC do not adhere to their scheduled visits. This paper reports on how Back to Care Initiative (B2CI) has reduced loss to follow- up to clients living with HIV/AIDS in Kongwa District in Dodoma. The study was conducted in six health facilities in Kongwa District, which provide Care and Treatment Centre services. We employed descriptive cross-sectional design whereby 35 key informants were purposively sampled and 305 patients living with HIV/AIDS were randomly selected. In-depth interview and structured questionnaire were used to collect information from key informants and patients living with HIV. Quantitative data were analyzed using STATA software pack 13, while qualitative data were analyzed using Atlas. ti software. Findings of the study revealed that the use of patient data fro appointment and tracking registers, adherence to counselling and health care confidentiality improved and enhanced patient’s retention in care. In addition, involvement of community-based health services volunteers helped in tracing and returning patients into care. We recommend a similar approach to other districts in Tanzania with low- resource settings and a high rate of loss to follow-up patients.
Inflation, Exchange Rate, and Money Supply Nexus in Tanzania:
Authors: Milanzi Mursali A. , Sanga Hance
Published: May 2024

The interrelationships among inflation, money supply, and exchange rates are a widely researched area. However, the findings and conclusions are yet contentious hence, our knowledge of the nexus among the variables remain elusive. Using annual time series data (1970-2015) from Tanzania, the study examines the nexus among inflation, money supply, and exchange rate. Using the ARDL bounds testing approach, the study reveals the existence of a long-run equilibrium relation among inflation, money supply, and exchange rates. Furthermore, money supply and exchange rate also have a short-run dynamic causal effect on inflation. The estimated error correction coefficient of -0.73 suggests about 73 percent of the disequilibrium is corrected within a year. This speed of adjustment towards the equilibrium is quite high. Study’s findings support the contention that inflation is a monetary phenomenon in Tanzania. Similarly, the exchange rate pass-through is also a very notable phenomenon. In light of the findings, proper monetary policies such as tightening money supply is required to continue keeping inflation low and stable.
WHY BUSINESS SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA SHOULD TEACH BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Luhanga (PhD, Eng TZ) Mathew L.
Published: May 2024

A primer showing the interdisciplinarity of block chain technology is provided. A selection of few use cases of the technology are described to show its relevance to business schools. .An argument as to why business schools should teach block chain technology is presented and the future of education on block chain technology in business schools is proposed.
Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic and coping mechanisms of ordinary level secondary school finalists in Tanzania
Authors: Seni Abdallah Jacob
Published: May 2024

This study sought to examine the effects of COVID-19 on finalist secondary school students in Tanzania. The study also sought to find out the coping mechanisms employed by students, teachers and parents in the efforts of mitigating the pandemic. A qualitative research approach which adopted a phenomenological design was utilised for data collection and analysis. A snowball sampling technique was used in selecting 36 study participants. These included 12 students, 12 teachers and 12 parents. Data were collected through interviews and non-participant observations. Trustworthiness and credibility of the findings were achieved using triangulation of data collection tools and quotations from the participants. The findings revealed that COVID-19 has multiple effects on academics. The study also revealed that coping mechanisms such as ICT and positive institutions and communities were used to minimize fear, stress, confusion and stigma. Due to the seriousness of the pandemic, and the fact that the world might have to live with it for a long period as expected, the study recommends that governments, school leaders, teachers, parents and students embrace digital teaching and learning and devise various coping mechanisms including positive institutions and communities to mitigate the multiple academic effects which may arise.
E-Learning enhancer:
Authors: Mgongo Erick , Rutatola Edger P. , Isagah Tupokigwe
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 accelerated e-learning in teaching as universities had to practice online learning to ensure continuity of teaching and learning activities while in lockdown. Most of these online learning systems require internet connectivity for their accessibility and thus pose accessibility challenges in areas with poor or no internet connectivity. Therefore, there is a need to review the system and propose technical solutions to improve its accessibility. This paper highlights accessibility challenges posed by the MU e-learning system and presents a progressive web-based application (e-learning enhancer) to address the gap. The application can cache viewed contents for accessibility in offline mode and utilise Short Message Service (SMS) to notify learners about updated content. We tested the system prototype with a small group from MU Main Campus to assess its applicability. The e-learning enhancer was found useful, and it can be used by any university that uses the Moodle platform for e-Learning services to improve system accessibility. Mzumbe University (MU) uses a customised Moodle platform to offer e-learning services to its students.
Implementation of Off-Campus Youth Sports Training Under the Background of “Double Reduction” Policy
Authors: Yang Na , Espeso  Lorna , Sualog Nea
Published: May 2024

In 2021, the Chinese Ministry of Education introduced the "Double Reduction" policy to ease students' academic pressure while promoting increased engagement in sports activities. This policy has opened up fresh prospects for the non-disciplinary training sector, particularly in sports training. This study examines the extent of implementation of off-campus youth sports training in Chengdu following the enactment of the "Double Reduction" policy. It delves into the challenges and obstacles faced in executing such training programs. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods, involving 72 coaches and 36 club owners from 36 clubs across 12 districts in Chengdu. It analyzed factors like sex and education to assess the correlation between sports training implementation and the "Double Reduction" policy. It also conducted interviews to investigate challenges in off-campus youth sports training in Chengdu. Consensus exists among coaches and club owners regarding implementing off-campus youth sports training in Chengdu, with no significant differences observed in various aspects. However, significant differences were noted in perceptions of Chengdu's "Double Reduction" policy implementation, particularly concerning regulatory processes, service provision, and industry development. The study underscores governmental ambiguity and industry disarray in management, emphasizing the need to address homogenized training, limited service variety, and inadequate systems. Solutions involve implementing robust frameworks, enhancing owner competencies, addressing staff shortages, improving service quality, and diversifying marketing approaches to bolster resilience against risks.
Modelo para estimar o risco de ruptura pela falta de abastecimento de insumos, com base em simulação digital: caso de uma indústria de eletroeletrônicos
Authors: Brandão Edio Paulo Segnini , Rodriguez Carlos Manuel Taboada
Published: May 2024

O fluxo de suprimento de componentes para a fabricação de produtos de tecnologia vem sofrendo restrições em sua dinâmica de abastecimento, por fatores complexos que envolvem as incertezas no fornecimento dos insumos. Este contexto agravou-se com a crise de fornecimento global para a indústria de bens eletroeletrônicos, em especial para as indústrias do setor automotivo, a partir de 2020.  Diante desse cenário de incertezas, a pesquisa apoia-se no estudo de caso para criar um modelo, com base em simulação digital, que estima o risco de ruptura do processo produtivo de uma indústria de eletroeletrônicos, por falta de abastecimento de componentes. O desenvolvimento do trabalho verificou como os sistemas tradicionais de planejamento e controle de produção estão sendo integrados às novas tecnologias da informação e como esse fato possibilita obter dados assertivos para prever riscos de ruptura. O modelo baseia-se em dados reais das necessidades geradas pelo PCP (Planejamento e Controle da Produção) e pelo cálculo do MRP (Manufacturing Resource Planning) para determinar o ponto de ruptura, combinados em uma plataforma digital LCDP (Low Code Development Plataform). Os resultados alcançados no estudo de caso evidenciaram a capacidade da proposta, tais como o cálculo das datas da ruptura e o volume de produção afetado pela ruptura.
The practice of greenwashing in the context of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Silva Ronison Oliveira da , Oliveira Elisângela Leitão de , Silva Luana Monteiro da , Simões Chiara da Silva , Lacerda Júnior José Cavalcante , Claro Júnior Luiz Henrique , Soares Marison Luiz , Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel
Published: May 2024

In the knowledge society, practically all organizational activities are carried out with the massive use of the internet. In this sense, information is shared at an ever-increasing speed. Depending on what is shared, the reputation of people and companies can be defamed, especially when what is shared is false. The study's general objective is to elucidate the practice of greenwashing in the context of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility. The term greenwashing refers to those companies that make a point of propagating to society that they value the preservation of the environment but whose practices demonstrate the opposite of this context. Thus, the risk of having the image of a socially and environmentally responsible organization can be undone at any time. The method used was the conceptual bibliography, a set of research techniques formed by four phases: a) definition of research questions, b) data collection, c) organization and analysis of data, and d) generation of responses. This method made it possible to verify that greenwashing is a risky strategy, to say the least, and not recommended for any company, as the price to pay when discovering the false identity of an environmentally friendly organization is greater than the effort made to maintain appearances, before society and other interested parties. The conclusion asserts that the most recommended thing is that companies seek to be sustainable in their daily lives, but in a planned way, incorporating this into their values, practices, and organizational culture.
Prevalence of OXIS Contacts between the Primary Molars in 3 to 9 Years Old Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Winnier J Jasmin , Manoj Reema , Joshi Amil , Tandel Sonal J , Soni Arwa , Kodical Sanjana R
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Interproximal contacts between primary teeth have traditionally been reported as broad and flat. A new system of classification for contacts called OXIS- O (open contact), X (point contact), I (straight contact), and S (curved contact) was introduced in 2018, based on the shapes observed occlusally. Understanding interproximal contacts in primary teeth is essential to comprehend the caries risk of the individual. Aim: To assess the prevalence of OXIS contact areas between non carious primary molars in 3 to 9 years old children and to determine the most common type of contact before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the types of contacts between primary teeth through direct observation in a sample size of 260 contact areas. The study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India, between August 2022 to February 2023. Ethical clearance from the university was obtained. A single calibrated examiner examined photographs of the interproximal contacts between primary molars. The contacts were assessed as O (open contact), X (point contact), I (straight contact), and S (curved contact) using the OXIS classification system. The prevalence of each contact type was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 software. The prevalence of contact types was recorded in numbers and percentages. A comparison of contact types before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar was conducted using the Chi-square test. Result: The most common contact type was I (65.00%) both before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar. This was followed by S (19.62%), X (11.15%), and O (4.23%) in the primary dentition. After the eruption of the first permanent molars, I contact was the highest at 66.41%, followed by S (20.90%), X (12.68%), and O (0%). Conclusion: This study confirms the presence of O, X, I, and S types of interproximal contact areas in caries-free primary molars in 3 to 9 years old children.
Correlation of Liver Attenuation with Visceral Fat Area on Computed Tomography Scan: An Analytical Study
Authors: Kalekar Tushar , Prabhu Aparna , Soman Nikith , Pandey Ankita , Kumar Mudit , Palal Deepu
Published: May 2024

Introduction: In the modern world, owing to rapid urbanisation and changes in lifestyles and dietary habits, obesity has emerged as a leading problem. As a result, various morbid conditions have come into the picture which have severe effects on an individual’s life expectancy. Visceral fat plays an important role in causing fatty liver. Aim: To determine the relationship between visceral fat area and liver fat using Computed Tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analytical study was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital, and Research Centre Pune, Maharashtra, India. The CT scans of 134 patients who underwent CT scans of the abdomen pelvis and CT KUB/CT IVU between January 2022 and June 2022 were assessed by two experienced body imaging medical doctors. Subjects aged between 18 and 75 years were included without any co-morbidities like diabetes or hypertension. Waist circumference, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area were calculated at the umbilical level. The CT attenuation value was measured in the right hepatic lobe, devoid of focal lesions and vessels, using a standard ROI of approximately 200 mm2 . Similarly, as an internal control, splenic attenuation was also recorded. Statistical tests were employed to determine the significance of the obtained values, including Spearman’s coefficient and Cohen’s criteria. Results: The CT attenuation of the liver (fatty liver) showed a moderate correlation with visceral fat (Spearman’s coefficient: 0.329). The association was statistically significant (p-value=0.0001). The CT attenuation of the liver (fatty liver) showed a weak correlation with subcutaneous fat (Spearman’s coefficient: -0.269). The association was statistically significant (p-value=0.0016). The CT attenuation of the liver (fatty liver) demonstrated a weak-moderate correlation with waist circumference (Spearman’s coefficient: -0.305). The association was statistically significant (p-value=0.0003). Conclusion: Visceral fat area has a stronger correlation with fatty liver than waist circumference and subcutaneous fat. Visceral fat should be considered a risk factor in the development of fatty liver, which may further lead to metabolic syndrome, in order to reduce mortality and morbidity related to it.
A Rare Case of Compound Heterozygous Sickle Cell Beta Thalassaemia with High HbF and Normal HbA2 Levels Detected on HPLC
Authors: Agarwal Ruchi , Hooda Sunaina , . Parul , Singh Kulwant , Thombre Adesh
Published: May 2024

Compound heterozygous Sickle Haemoglobin (HbS) beta (β) thalassaemia arises from the mutations associated with sickle cell and β thalassaemia and significantly affects populations in low income countries like India. Elevated levels of Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) represent the primary indicator for identifying carriers of β thalassaemia. However, it’s worth noting that sometimes, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) encounters challenges in confirming a final diagnosis when levels of HbA2 and HbS fall outside the diagnostic range. A nine-year-old male and his sister 11-year-old female patient presented with high-grade fever and jaundice since two weeks. Following admission, Complete Blood Count (CBC) and HPLC of both children were done. Hb of male and female child revealed 1.8 g/dL and 1.5 g/dL, respectively. HPLC of male child revealed Haemoglobin F (HbF) 27.4%, HbS 56.3%, HbA2 3.8% and of female child revealed HbF 39.2%, HbS 43.5%, HbA2 3%. HPLC reports of both children were suggestive of differential of compound heterozygous HbS β thalassaemia and HbS homozygous. Later, HPLC of their parents was also done. HPLC of father was suggestive of thalassaemia trait and of mother suggestive of sickle cell trait, following which final diagnosis of both children was given as compound heterozygous HbS β thalassaemia. Diagnosing these compound heterozygous haemoglobinopathies can be challenging. As their is resemblance in clinicopathological features of sickle cell anaemia and β thalassaemia disorders, it is important to carefully differentiate between them although prognosis is better than thalassaemia major or sickle cell anaemia.
Assessing the Impact of Inflation and Exchange Rate on Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (1981-2022)
Authors: Ugomma Chukwudi Anderson , Chijioke Samuel Chimuanya
Published: May 2024

This study evaluated the impact of inflation and exchange rate on the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 1981 to 2022. The data for this study were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Multiple Linear Regression model was adopted for the study to determine the relationship between the GDP, the inflation and exchange rates and the result showed that there is a significant relationship with the p-value (0.005). The result also showed with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method that inflation rate has a negative impact on the Nigerian GDP while exchange rate is significant with (p-value <0,005) over the years of study. The value of the coefficient of variation R2 for this research is 92.2% indicating that inflation and exchange rate account for about 92% of the variation in the GDP over the years of study. It was observed there was an increase in exchange rate and price level is also detrimental to the economic growth, this means it contributes to the growth of Nigerian GDP over the period of study.
The Semantic Characteristics of Pronominal Nouns in Vietnamese and Translation into Chinese
Authors: Trang Ha Thi Minh
Published: May 2024

This article explores the semantic aspects of pronominal nouns in Vietnamese, examining the usage of animal pronominal nouns in direct dialogues excerpted from the work 'The Adventure of Cricket' by writer To Hoai. It also compares these with their modern Mandarin Chinese translations. Based on the results, the article analyzes the methods of translating Vietnamese pronominal nouns into Mandarin Chinese and proposes recommendations and solutions based on translation options presented by Mona Baker.
Nutritional Characteristics and Sensory Properties of Maize-based Ogi Supplemented with Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Flour
Authors: Samuel Akpensuen Mfe , Juliius Ikya Kwagh-al , Dinnah Ahure
Published: May 2024

The study evaluates the effect of supplementation of maize-based ogi with mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) flour on nutritional characteristics and sensory properties. Standard processing and analytical methods were used in raw material preparation and analyses. Ogi and mushroom flour were blended in ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and labeled A, B, C and D respectively. A commercial maize based complementary food was used as control. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) among all samples for all the Vitamin assayed with values ranging from 4.86 to 9.06 (µg/100g), 0.32 to 1.09 mg/100 g, 0.22 to 0.69 mg/100 g, 3.82 to 13.03 mg/100 g and 0.13 to 1.12 mg/100 g for vitamin A, B1, B2, B3 and C. The vitamin values compare favourably with that of control sample. Significant (P<0.05) difference exists across the samples for Zn, Mg, Fe, K and Ca with values ranging from 1.12 to 1.71 mg/100 g, 37.7 to 102 mg/100 g, 4.72 to 13.23 mg/100 g, 23.05 to 125.3 mg/100 g and 125.5 to 160.25 mg/100 g respectively with corresponding higher values for control sample. Result showed negligible amounts of anti-nutritional factors ranging from 0.29 to 0.36 mg/100 g, 0.02 to 0.03 mg/100 g, 0.03 to 0.06 mg/100 g and 0.56 to 0.83 mg/100 g for phytate, oxalate, trypsin inhibitor and tannin respectively. The functional properties of the flour blends values ranged from 0.58 to 0.72 g/mL, 0.99 to 2.2 g/g, 5.21 to 8.94 g/g, 1.75 to 3.72 mL/g and 5.5 to 9.0% for bulk density, water absorption capacity, water retention capacity, swelling capacity and least gelation concentration respectively. Sensory scores revealed substantial overall acceptability of the samples. The quality of ogi samples were greatly improved by mushroom supplementation and could be nutritional beneficial to children and adults.
Organic Farming vs. Integrated Nutrient Management: A Comparative Review of Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Chandel Naval , Barkha .
Published: May 2024

In an era where sustainable agriculture is crucial for global food security and environmental preservation, organic farming and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) have emerged as leading practices. This review paper offers a comprehensive comparison of these two approaches, focusing on their impact on agricultural productivity and sustainability. Organic farming, with its emphasis on reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, and feed additives, aligns closely with the principles of sustainability. It enhances food quality, promotes soil health, and mitigates adverse environmental effects by encouraging natural recovery cycles. However, organic farming's limitations, such as lower yields and a more labour-intensive approach have prompted interest in innovative solutions that blend organic practices with modern technologies. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) presents a compelling alternative. By combining organic, inorganic, and biological nutrient sources, INM seeks to optimize nutrient use efficiency and maintain soil health. This approach offers a flexible nutrient management strategy, balancing organic and inorganic inputs to maintain crop productivity while reducing environmental impact. Studies have shown that INM can improve soil properties, such as bulk density, porosity, and water-holding capacity, leading to enhanced crop yields and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The paper explores how INM's integrated approach not only stabilizes crop production but also supports the growth of soil microbes, providing a source of energy and organic carbon. By using a combination of specific microorganisms, organic matter, and minimal doses of inorganic fertilizers, INM can achieve a harmonious balance that reduces environmental pollution and ensures long-term soil fertility. Ultimately, this review underscores the potential of combining organic and INM practices to create a sustainable and productive agricultural system. Through a comparative analysis, the paper aims to guide researchers, policymakers, and farmers towards adopting strategies that foster agricultural sustainability without compromising productivity.
Cramming Analysis Based on Time to Start Studying and Time the Exam being Held
Authors: Daroedono Ekarini , Fachly Alifa Hasna Ramadhani , Salshabila Ayu Aulia , Pasoro Debora Iriani Sanda , Kambu Gabriella Hillary , Destrian Fachrul , Fatimatuzzahra Restu , Siagian Forman Erwin
Published: May 2024

Aims: to explore the time that crammer start to study and  the time of exam being held and relate this two with the result of the remedial exams which conducted electronically (computer based).
Study Design:  simple descriptive cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: conducted during January to February 2024 in the faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta-Indonesia. Sample: respondents who join the remedial exam during 2022.
Methodology: electronic questionnaire regarding time to start studying being distributed prior the exam/test. Sufficient explanation regarding the research is given before consent is politely requested to each exam’s participant. Data obtained from questionnaire were combined with demography data (gender, place of residence) and the result of the exam.
Results: Cramming conducted by 69.7% of our respondents, with the involvement of male student is more common compared to female student and regarding their place of residence, more student that live in their own house with their family do the cramming. Most of the perpetrator started studying at 20.00 – 24.00 pm. Students passing rate in this study were low. Female students score better when they did not cram while only male students who conduct cramming and still fail the exam get a slightly higher mean score than male students who fail the exam and did not cram. Female students got a slightly higher mean score than male students.
Conclusion: Cramming is risk taking like gambling behavior. It can give negative impact to the perpetrator’s mental health. The phenomenon of cramming is quite common, especially among male student, but the passing rate was poor. Cramming mostly started late at night. Male students who fail the exam tend to get higher grades if they cramming while on the other hand our female student tend to get higher score in they did not cram.
Antifungal Potency of Some Antifungal Chemotherapeutics and Antidandruff Solutions against Dermatophytic Flora from Local Hairdressers’ Tools in Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeadila Joachim Ohiakwu , Ilo Peace Chidimma , Uba Christian Chibuzo , Udemezue Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu
Published: May 2024

Dermatophytes produce spores that can survive for a long time on fomites such as hairdressing tools (combs, scissors, clippers and hairpins). These fomites intend serve in the transmission of dermatophytosis. This study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the antifungal efficacy of some antifungal chemotherapeutics and antidandruff solutions against dermatophytic flora of hairdressers’ tools in Eke-Awka Market in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of forty-five (45) samples were collected by swabbing the hairdressing tools of the local hair dressers using sterile swab sticks. The antifungal drugs (Ketoconazole, Miconazole and Griseofulvin) and the antidandruff solutions (Shampoo and Conditioner) were also bought from Eke-Awka Market. The samples where inoculated into sterile Sabouraud Dextrose Broth base in test tubes and incubated at 25-27ºC for 5-14 days. After incubation, the test tubes with visually observed growth (turbidity) were subsequently plated out by streaking on freshly prepared Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with Chloramphenicol (50µg/ml) and incubated at 25°C for up to 7-14 days. Identification was done using standard methods. Agar well diffusion method was employed for the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing using different concentrations of both the antifungal drugs and antidandruff solutions obtained using double fold serial dilutions. Twenty Four (24) dermatophytes were isolated and identified. The isolates included Microsporum ferrugineum 6 (25%), Microsporum gypseum 3 (12.5%), Micosporum audouinii 6 (25%), Trichophyton schoenleinii 5 (20.8%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes 4 (16.7%). The percentage susceptibility pattern of the isolates showed that 60℅ of the isolates were susceptible to Ketoconazole, 40℅ respectively susceptible and susceptible doze dependent to Miconazole and 100℅ resistant to Griseofulvin. For the antidandruff solutions, 20℅ of the isolates were susceptible to hair shampoo while 100℅ were resistant to hair conditioner. The results of this study showed that dermatophytes are prevalent on the tools used by local hair dressers and also that the antifungal drugs had better activity on the isolates than the antidandruff solutions used. Also, based on this study, ketoconazole is recommended for dermatophytosis. There is therefore need to educate the populace on the health hazards associated with sharing local hair making tools and the need for clients to have their personal hair making tools.
Women Empowerment Level in Agriculture: A Study in Odisha, India
Authors: Senapati Rupashree , Mukhopadhyay Siddharth Dev
Published: May 2024

Women are not given the due record of credit for most of the work they do in agriculture and allied sector as per the present scenario. But according to global institutional study reports, empowering women in agriculture and providing economic gains to them can lead to a more equitable future for all. A study was conducted to ascertain the extent of empowerment of farm women in Odisha. Three districts of Odisha (Puri, Gajapati and Debagarh) were selected representing the three administrative zones (Northern, Southern and Central zone) with 100 women respondents from each district with a total of 300 sample size. Women empowerment has been assessed through their level of cosmopoliteness, access to information, mobility, media exposure, ownership of resources, access to technology etc. Index values have been calculated for each parameter and the average index has also been calculated. Besides, Mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression method were also applied for generalization of collected data. Results of the study indicated that the overall distribution of the sample regarding cosmopoliteness, mobility and media exposure was within medium to high level. Almost all the members found to have high level of access to information. But unfortunately, the distribution of sample regarding access to technology, ownership, membership and leadership was found at low level. The results also showed that selected socio-economic variables of the respondents had notable association with different parameters of empowerment.
Socio Economic Study of Toukoudi Millet Technology in Niger, Africa
Authors: Gambo Yahoussa , Seyni Siddo , Ramatou Boubacar Seydou , Kaka Saley
Published: May 2024

Background: The study was carried out at the level of the municipalities of intervention of the REDSAACC (Research and Development Project for Food Security and Adaptation to Climate Change) project in the Zinder region.
Materials and Methods: The data was collected on a restructured questionnaire including socio-cultural, technological and economic questions. The study took place in the form of an interview based on a questionnaire and observation of the actors at work. The study was carried out at the level of the municipalities of intervention of the REDSAACC (Research and Development Project for Food Security and Adaptation to Climate Change) project in the Zinder region.
Paranormal belief and the conjunction fallacy: Controlling for temporal relatedness and potential surprise differentials in component events
Authors: Rogers Paul , Fisk John E. , Wiltshire Dawn
Published: July 2010

Recent research suggests paranormal believers are especially prone to the ‘conjunction fallacy’. The current study extends this work by presenting believers and non‐believers with eight paranormal plus eight non‐paranormal scenarios. Participants were given either a paranormal or virtually identical non‐paranormal version of each scenario. Of these, half incorporated component events which were (virtually) co‐occurring with half including components which were temporally disjointed. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA; controlling for gender and maths/stats/psychology qualifications) found believers made more conjunction errors than non‐believers. Neither event type (paranormalvs. non‐paranormal) nor components' temporal relationship (co‐occurringvs. disjointed) had a significant effect on conjunction biases. Believers' tendency to produce larger conjunctive estimates was unrelated to group differences in component probability estimates (surprise values) and further, could not be attributed to group differences in the perceived functional relationship between component and conjunctive events. Possible explanations are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Array‐CGH analysis of a cohort of 86 patients with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum
Authors: Rooryck Caroline , Souakri Noui , Cailley Dorothée , Bouron Julie , Goizet Cyril , Delrue Marie‐Ange , Marlin Sandrine , Lacombe Feclad Didier , Arveiler Benoît
Published: July 2010

Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital disorder. We performed high density oligonucleotide array‐CGH on 86 OAVS patients and identified in 11 patients 12 novel genomic rearrangements (4 deletions and 8 duplications) ranging in size from 2.7 kb to 2.3 Mb. We discuss the potential pathogenic role of these chromosomal aberrations, and describe new candidate regions for OAVS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homozygous nonsense mutation in WNT10B and sporadic split‐hand/foot malformation (SHFM) with autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Blattner Ariane , Huber Andreas R. , Röthlisberger Benno
Published: July 2010

Split‐hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a limb malformation affecting the central rays of the hands and/or feet. Isolated SHFM occurs within families but more often sporadically. Since most families with more than one patient show dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance, sporadic SHFM is generally considered to be due to dominantly inherited new mutations. Recently, recessive inheritance of SHFM was proposed in a highly consanguineous family with a homozygous missense mutation in WNT10B. Nevertheless, the assumption of a second locus was necessary to explain the observed phenotypes in this family. To date, no other family and no case of sporadic SHFM with WNT10B mutations are known. By examining WNT10B in a patient with sporadic SHFM, we identified a homozygous 4‐bp duplication resulting in a premature termination codon. Nine heterozygous relatives show no sign of SHFM. These findings have profound implications for genetic counseling. Obviously, sporadic SHFM may show recessive rather than dominant inheritance resulting in a 25% recurrence risk for sibs instead of a very low‐recurrence risk as generally presumed. Likewise, there is a very low‐recurrence risk for offspring of patients (unless there is consanguinity) instead of an estimated risk between 30% and 50%. It can be concluded that sporadic SHFM is not always a dominant trait. To determine the recurrence risk, patients affected with sporadic SHFM should be tested for mutations in WNT10B. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TBX2 gene duplication associated with complex heart defect and skeletal malformations
Authors: Radio Francesca Clementina , Bernardini Laura , Loddo Sara , Bottillo Irene , Novelli Antonio , Mingarelli Rita , Dallapiccola Bruno
Published: July 2010

We report on a patient with mild mental retardation, prenatal onset growth retardation, cerebellar hypoplasia, and complex heart defect including: interventricular septal defect, patent foramen ovale, aortic coarctation, tricuspid valve insufficiency, mitral valve stenosis, and minor skeletal anomalies with hypo‐aplasia of the distal phalanges. A SNP‐array analysis detected a de novo duplication of 17q23.2, encompassing the TBX2 gene. Animal models argue for a key role of Tbx2 during cardiac and limb development. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the heart malformation and mild digital anomalies found in this patient could be related to TBX2 gene overexpression, suggesting parallel consequences of TBX2 gene dosage imbalances in animals and in humans. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline and somatic mosaicism for FGFR2 mutation in the mother of a child with Crouzon syndrome: Implications for genetic testing in “paternal age‐effect” syndromes
Authors: Goriely Anne , Lord Helen , Lim Jasmine , Johnson David , Lester Tracy , Firth Helen V. , Wilkie Andrew O.M.
Published: July 2010

Crouzon syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by craniosynostosis and facial dysostosis, caused by mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene; it belongs to a class of disorders that mostly arise as de novo mutations and exhibit a near‐exclusive paternal origin of mutation and elevated paternal age (“paternal age effect”). However, even if this is the major mode of origin of mutations in paternal age‐effect disorders, germline mosaicism may also occur. Here we describe the first molecularly documented evidence of germline and somatic mosaicism for FGFR2 mutation, identified in the mother of a child with Crouzon syndrome caused by a heterozygous c.1007A>G (p.Asp336Gly) substitution. Levels of maternal somatic mosaicism for this mutation, estimated by pyrosequencing, ranged from 3.3% in hair roots to 14.1% in blood. Our observation underlines the importance of parental molecular testing for accurate genetic counseling of the risk of recurrence for Crouzon, and other paternal age‐effect syndromes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trisomy 16q21 → qter: Seven‐year follow‐up of a girl with unusually long survival
Authors: de Carvalho Acácia Fernandes Lacerda , da Silva Bellucco Fernanda Teixeira , dos Santos Normeide Pedreira , Pellegrino Renata , de Azevedo Moreira Lília Maria , Toralles Maria Betania Pereira , Kulikowski Leslie Domenici , Melaragno Maria Isabel
Published: July 2010

The 16q21 → qter duplication is a chromosomal abnormality rarely found in liveborn infants, with only four published cases. We report here on the 7‐year follow‐up of a female patient with trisomy 16q21 → qter due to a maternal balanced translocation t(4;16)(q35.2;q21). The patient shows severe mental retardation, congenital heart malformations, nephropathy, and other congenital anomalies. The derivative chromosome was characterized by GTG banding, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with different BAC probes and the array technique, in order to map the breakpoints. The patient has a 16q21 → qter duplication, with a 4q35 → qter monosomy, which we assume does not contribute to the abnormal phenotype. This is the first reported case of postnatal survival to the age of 7 years, an unusually long time in this chromosomal syndrome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6: A British case with PEHO‐like features
Authors: Rankin Julia , Brown Ruth , Dobyns William B. , Harington Judith , Patel Jay , Quinn Michael , Brown Garry
Published: July 2010

Six subtypes of autosomal recessive pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) have been identified and the genetic basis of four of these (PCH1, PCH2, PCH4, and PCH6) is known. PCH6 is associated with cerebral atrophy and multiple but variable respiratory chain defects in muscle and has been reported in one consanguineous Sephardic Jewish family. It is caused by mutations in the RARS2 gene which encodes mitochondrial arginine‐transfer RNA synthetase. Here we describe a female patient born to nonconsanguineous British parents. She presented in the neonatal period with increased respiratory rate, poor feeding and transiently elevated blood and CSF lactate levels. She went on to manifest profound developmental delay and severe microcephaly. Edema of the hands, feet, and face were suggestive of a PEHO‐like condition (progressive encephalopathy, edema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy), although optic atrophy and hypsarrhythmia were absent. Cranial MRI at age 14 months showed generalized cerebral atrophy, thinning of the pons and gross atrophy and flattening of the cerebellar hemispheres. Muscle biopsies on two occasions were normal with normal respiratory chain studies. Despite the absence of respiratory chain defects, the phenotype was felt to be consistent with PCH6 and indeed two novel pathogenic RARS2 mutations were identified. Ours is the second report of PCH6 due to RARS2 mutations and demonstrates that respiratory chain abnormalities are not obligatory, whereas some features of PEHO might be present. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.