bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nomadism and Inclusive Citizenship
Authors: Singh Vikram
Published: May 2016

The rising tide off undamentalist forces all over the world contributed significantly to the attrition of democratic traditions in the name of freedom and society. Fears are manipulated to subdue societies into obedience and conformity. The ideals of liberty and social, political equality are being undermined. There are several unexplored areas of concern of the people, or what we can exactly call them, citizens of a political community; i.e. lower castes and other marginalised sections. In no other society the inequality is so graded that it gives no opportunity for the oppressed to rise against the oppressor in unison, in no other society it is sanctioned by religion so that it prevents the freedom of mind to strive for liberation. The Dalits, who are at the lowest rungs of society, are the most oppressed people in India. In this paper I am trying to highlight the issues of the Jogi community in reference to their Rights in Democracy.
Whither are the Tribals in Chhattisgarh…
Authors: Saxena Anupama , Ganveer Dhammshil
Published: May 2016

According to the Census of India Report of 2011, majorihJ of the tribal population is concentrated in cwtral part of India coupled with overwhelming availabilihj of natural resources particularly in the state of Chhattisgarl! and Madhya Pradesh. These tribal people who are indigenous to India have remained backward, oppressed and exploited in terms of their political participation and socio-economic conditions compared to the general class in the sociehj, despite the constitutional safeguards and clusters of policies framed by the state and central government.

This paper seeks to provide a review of the stahls of Tribals in Chhattisgarh state. Statistical comparison on various socio-economic indicators, with the parent state Madhya Pradesh have also been made.
Villupuram Atrocity
Authors: Balasubramaniam J.
Published: May 2016

This paper describes the violence against Dalits in Villupiiram in 1978, by the caste Hindus. By using the concept of symbolic violence it critically analyses the content of the Report of R. Sadasivam Commission, which was constituted by the Tamilnadu Government to enquire into the violence. It also explains how the Dalits counter the symbolic violence by preparing and publishing their own report. From the comparison of these two reports the study demonstrates how the state upholds the system of caste by supporting the views of dominant castes.
Dalit Feminist Perspectives in India
Authors: Mandal Bankim Chandra
Published: May 2016

Dalit women are the most deprived and discriminated sections in caste-based Indian society. They have been victimized through the structural hierarchy of caste which perpetuated the ethos of inequality and maintains the segregation of power. In every sphere of life, they are in a pitiable position, worse off than the upper caste women. Dalit women not only suffer gender discrimination and economic deprivation, but also suffer from discrimination and disabilities in connection with caste. The Indian feminist discourse does not cover the aspect of caste and its interface with gender. This paper seeks to investigate the assertion of dalit women :Y organizations both at the national and regional levels, and the main dalit standpoint which has emerged from a dialogue between the practices and struggles of dalit women and the works dalit feminist intellectuals.
Understanding Political Empowerment of Dalitwomen
Authors: Sonpimple Rahul
Published: May 2016

The discussion on women empowerment in India has largely been contextualized within the homogenous understanding of women s reality. As a result, the multiple realties of women s oppression with respect to their caste and religious positions is often undermined both in academic and bureaucratic explanations of women s subordination. Therefore, first part of this paper tries to explore both the local and global perspectives of women empowerment and locates Dalit women reality in contemporary discourse of women s empowerment. Further on, this paper tries to trace the specific political context of Dalit women s exclusion in the Panchayati Raj System and attempts to unravel the patterns of relationships existing between Dalit women and socio‐political norms, dominant local culture and Panchayti Raj System. The study was conducted in March –April 2012 in three panchayats in the Latur district of Maharashtra and all samples are elected Dalit women leaders.
Great Tradition Coming to Terms with Little Tradition
Authors: Babu Victor
Published: May 2016

When Brahmanism spread from Gangetic basin to different parts of India through Land Grants, it encountered a lot of people who were worshipping different local Gods and Goddesses. Social and religious categories in medieval times were not static but fluid and dynamic. Brahmanas interaction with local people for various economic and social reasons compelled the Great tradition to accommodate many lower castes and tribes of medieval Andhra Pradesh. This necessitated various myths and legends. The present article discusses four popular legends which talk about the process of this integration. It appears that acculturation in Medieval Andhra Pradesh society became possible through these myths as some castes also achieved some sort of mobility.
Turning the Wheel
Authors: Sarangi Jaydeep
Published: May 2016

Dalit writers have employed diverse literary strategies to counter the stereotypical position of being victims of oppression. This act of authoring proves to be reformatory act for their social identity and dalit‐hood. Dalit Literary Movements are acts of liberation. Bengali dalit writers put forward fervent plea for a complete overhaul of society by questioning prevailing practices of caste and class in different parts of India. Manohar Mouli Biswas is a flag bearer of the dalit literary movement in Bengal. Biswas writes for a casteless and classless society, based on human values of justice, equality and fraternity, which is to be attained through a cultural, primarily literary movement.

“‘Why do you play with that boy? Is there no one else in the whole village to play with? Don‐t give him water in that vessel. If he touches it, he'll defile it. Go away.' I was upset because I couldn't give water to a friend. Is one's caste more important than one's friend? Is caste more important than thirst? Wasn't Arjya a human being? If so, how could he make water impure by merely touching it?” (Limbale 2003:20)
Prevention of Divorce-Related Problems in Dutch 4- to 8-Year-Olds
Authors: Klein Velderman Mariska , Pannebakker Fieke D. , van Vliet Wendy , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

Parental divorce has strong impacts on children. Evidence-based programs to support young children after parental divorce are rare. The U.S.-developed Children of Divorce Intervention Program (CODIP) is one of these. CODIP’s effectiveness outside the U.S. setting is to be further replicated. This study aimed at cultural adaptation of CODIP for Dutch 4- to 8-year-olds, evaluation of the feasibility of adapted CODIP-Netherlands modules (CODIP-NL) in the Dutch setting, and comparison with U.S. results.

Methods:

A pilot study ( N = 43) was conducted, comprising nine CODIP-NL groups.

Results:

Results showed intermediate and end users to be satisfied. Outcomes improved regarding mother-, teacher-, and group leader–reported child functioning. Standardized effect estimates were smaller than those found in the United States.

Conclusions:

CODIP-NL seems to be a feasible and satisfactory method to reduce divorce-related problems in Dutch 4- to 8-year-olds. This study could provide guidance to researchers interested in adapting research-based interventions to different cultural settings.
Single-Dose Fluconazole Therapy for Oral Thrush in Hospice and Palliative Medicine Patients
Authors: Lagman Ruth , Davis Mellar , LeGrand Susan , Walsh Declan , Parala Armida , Gamier Pamela , Cothren Brenda , Cheema Bushra , Gopal Sumi , Rybicki Lisa
Published: May 2016

Background:

Oral thrush is a common fungal infection of the mouth experienced by palliative medicine and hospice patients who have advanced cancer. Individuals often experience distressing symptoms that affect their oral intake with most regimens adding to pill burden. This is an open-label prospective observational study to assess the efficacy of a single-dose fluconazole 150 mg for oral thrush.

Methods:

Palliative medicine and hospice patients with a clinical diagnosis of oral thrush, a life expectancy of more than 1 week, and were able to swallow were enrolled. Signs and symptoms were evaluated on day 1 prior to administration of 150 mg of fluconazole and between days 3 to 5 after treatment.

Results:

Of 57 patients, 55 (96.5%) had more than 50% improvement in signs and symptoms. Both the number and severity of symptoms changed significantly posttreatment ( P < .001). Side effects were few.

Conclusion:

Single-dose fluconazole 150 mg is an effective treatment of oral thrush for individuals with advanced cancer.
Strategies for the Management of Postoperative Anemia in Elective Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Steuber Taylor D. , Howard Meredith L. , Nisly Sarah A.
Published: May 2016

Objective: To assess the use of oral iron, intravenous (IV) iron, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) for the prevention and management of perioperative anemia in elective orthopedic surgery patients, and to provide a clinical algorithm for use. Data Sources: A PubMed and MEDLINE search was conducted from 1964 through March 2016 using the following search terms alone or in combination: orthopedic, surgery, elective, anemia, blood transfusion, iron, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and erythropoietin.Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language prospective and retrospective human studies and meta-analyses evaluating oral iron, IV iron, or ESA alone or in combination in elective orthopedic surgery patients were evaluated, provided they reported blood transfusion outcomes. Data Synthesis: A total of 9 prospective and retrospective studies and 1 meta-analysis were identified and included. In the preoperative setting, administration of oral iron, IV iron, or ESA alone or in combination to correct underlying anemia led to significantly reduced transfusion rates. Transfusion requirements were generally less with combination therapy (ESA + oral or IV iron). In the short-term perioperative or postoperative period, use of oral or IV iron led to conflicting results, with some reporting a statistically significant reduction in blood transfusions, whereas others reported none. Conclusions: In elective orthopedic surgery, IV or oral iron with or without an ESA may provide benefit in prevention of postoperative anemia and results in blood transfusion reduction without significantly increasing the risk of adverse events. These agents should be considered at the lowest effective dose with emphasis on administration prior to planned surgery.
Conditional Use of a Request for Assistance: Considering Generalization
Authors: Reichle Joe , Byiers Breanne J. , Reeve Amanda
Published: May 2016

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit generalization errors, but many instructional programs fail to address this deficit. Generalization errors encompass when the learner should extend the use of a newly taught behavior to other contexts but does not (under-generalization), as well as when he or she should not use the newly established behavior in new contexts but does (over-generalization). This study was designed to evaluate the generalization errors of a preschooler with ASD. Following an intervention in which the participant was taught to request assistance with difficult tasks using a continuous reinforcement schedule, generalization gradients across levels of task difficulty were implemented to examine patterns of generalization. Initial results showed over-generalization of assistance requests and corresponding reductions in independent (the absence of any instructional prompts) task completion across all levels of task difficulty. A final phase involving competing schedules of reinforcement for assistance requests and independent work with video modeling led to improved conditional use of assistance requests. Implications for teaching conditional use of assistance requests are discussed.
Nodular Subtype of Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Dangel Björn , Kofler Lukas , Metzler Gisela
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

Itching nodules and papules are common findings. A rare but important differential diagnosis is the nodular subtype of bullous pemphigoid.

Methods and Results:

The investigators report a female patient presenting with strongly itching papules disseminated over her extremities and trunk. Physical examination revealed multiple erythematous, mostly excoriated papules and nodules on her back, abdomen, and extremities. Histology showed changes compatible with prurigo lesion, and immunofluorescence showed positive results for BP180 and BP230. Considering these clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescence findings, the diagnosis of a nodular subtype of bullous pemphigoid was made. The patient showed healing of lesions under a combination therapy with systemic psoralen and ultraviolet A, topical application of corticosteroids, and systemic therapy with azathioprine and prednisolone.

Discussion:

Pemphigoid nodularis represents the rare prurigo variant of bullous pemphigoid. Typically, lesions show the same immunopathologic and histologic features as in common bullous pemphigoid but mostly without the characteristic clinical finding of bullae.
Managing the dance of enchantment: An ethnography of social entrepreneurship events
Authors: Mauksch Stefanie
Published: May 2016

This article sheds light on public performances as important yet neglected sites for social entrepreneurship’s discursive expansion as a fashionable model for social transformation. It approaches the strategic considerations behind presentations aimed at ‘enchanting’ social entrepreneurship through sophisticated investments in spiritual, aesthetic and bodily involvement, and the impressive staging of Muhammad Yunus as a global hero. On a first analytical layer, these ethnographic insights broaden the explanatory basis for social entrepreneurship’s rising popularity. In academic literature, its recent prominence is either accepted as a given fact or critically explored through the theoretical lens of language effects, while modes of conviction that invest in the ‘extra-textual’ are largely ignored. Addressing this gap, the article portrays how organisational actors charged presentations with aesthetic significance, emotional fervour, spiritual dynamism and sensual pleasure to produce holistic experiences that allow people to connect the concept of social entrepreneurship to a felt sense of being-in-the-world. On a second layer, the analysis problematises the enchantment debate’s tendency to construct a secular–spiritual binary, that is, to perceive enchantment as arising either from powerful acts of managerial manipulation or from a deeply human desire to fill a religious void. Complicating this distinction, the article frames enchantment work in the social entrepreneurship field as an ambiguous ‘dance’ between the secular and the sacred—a paradoxical activity of amalgamating neo-rational considerations with the spiritualised pursuit of a global vision.
Predicting support for collective action in the conflict between Turks and Kurds: Perceived threats as a mediator of intergroup contact and social identity
Authors: Çakal Huseyin , Hewstone Miles , Güler Meltem , Heath Anthony
Published: May 2016

Two studies investigated the role of perceived realistic and symbolic threats in predicting collective action tendencies, and in mediating effects of intergroup contact and social identity on collective action in the context of an intractable conflict. Extending earlier research on collective action, integrated threat theory, and intergroup contact theory, we tested whether realistic and symbolic threats would predict collective action tendencies and outgroup attitudes; and mediate the effects of intergroup contact and social identity on collective action tendencies and outgroup attitudes among the advantaged, Turks, and the disadvantaged, Kurds. Findings from both studies (Study 1, N = 289 Turks; Study 2, N = 209 Kurds) supported the predictive and mediating role of threats on collective action tendencies and outgroup attitudes. Overall findings suggest that advantaged and disadvantaged groups might not always have disparate psychologies regarding collective action and incorporating perceived threats as antecedents of collective action can help to explain collective action tendencies among both groups especially in conflictual contexts.
Accuracy of tidal volume delivered by home mechanical ventilation during mouthpiece ventilation
Authors: Ogna Adam , Prigent Helene , Falaize Line , Leroux Karl , Santos Dante , Vaugier Isabelle , Orlikowski David , Lofaso Frederic
Published: May 2016

The aim of our study was to evaluate efficacy and reliability of currently available ventilators for mouthpiece ventilation (MPV). Five life-support home ventilators were assessed in a bench test using different settings simulating the specificities of MPV, such as intermittent circuit disconnection and presence of continuous leaks. The intermittent disconnection of the circuit caused relevant swings in the delivered tidal volume ( VT), showing a VT overshoot during the disconnection periods and a VT decrease when the interface was reconnected to the test lung. The five ventilators showed substantial differences in the number of respiratory cycles necessary to reach a stable VT in the volume-controlled setting, ranging from 1.3 ± 0.6 to 7.3 ± 1.2 cycles. These differences were less accentuated in the volume-assisted setting (MPV-dedicated mode, when available). Our data show large differences in the capacity of the different ventilators to deal with the rapidly changing respiratory load features that characterize MPV, which can be further accentuated according to the used ventilator setting. The dedicated MPV modes allow improvement in the performance of ventilators only in some defined situations. This has practical consequences for the choice of the ventilator to be used for MPV in a specific patient.
Assessment and Development of Global Leadership Competencies in the Workplace
Authors: Cumberland Denise M. , Herd Ann , Alagaraja Meera , Kerrick Sharon A.
Published: May 2016

The Problem

In the 21st century, globalization is key. Therefore, assessing and developing global leadership competencies is an important topic in human resource development (HRD). Global leadership competencies encompass personality traits, knowledge, and skills, as well as behaviors. While there has been a plethora of scholar-practitioner literature identifying global leadership competencies, there has been far less focus on assessing global leadership competencies and how these competencies are developed.

The Solution

We attempt to address this gap by examining the state-of-the-art literature on global leadership assessment and development from several disciplines, including HRD, management, and leadership. With regard to global leadership competency assessment, our goal is to synthesize the literature and provide HRD professionals with a systematic method for identifying instruments that measure core global competencies. With regard to global leadership development, our aim is to provide a framework for understanding how global leadership competencies can be developed.

The Stakeholders

The identification and categorization of various instruments that measure global competencies, as well as a framework that outlines methods to develop these competencies, will benefit human resource (HR) professionals and HRD practitioners.
Characterization of sisal/cotton fibre woven mat reinforced polymer hybrid composites
Authors: Sathishkumar TP , Naveen J , Navaneethakrishnan P , Satheeshkumar S , Rajini N
Published: May 2016

The present research work addressed the results of experimental investigation on the mechanical properties and free vibration behaviours of sisal/cotton fabric reinforced polyester hybrid composites. Influence of fibre content and changing layer pattern (CLP) on the mechanical properties and free vibration characteristics are analysed. Hybrid composites are fabricated with simple hand lay-up method followed by compression moulding process. Natural frequency and modal damping values of hybrid composites are analysed by experimental modal analysis. Mechanical properties of composites are measured according to ASTM standards. It is found that an increase in the lamina content in the composite increase the mechanical and damping properties. The maximum mechanical properties are obtained for 40% fibre volume fraction ( Vf) in sisal and cotton direction. Maximum natural frequency is found at 40% fibre Vf. By CLP, mechanical properties and damping characteristics are found intermittence of sisal and cotton direction. Scanning electron microscopy is performed to study the interfacial mechanism. The various theoretical models are discussed with experimental results. The statistical approach is used to analyse the experimental results and give the inferences.
Impact of Anthocyanidins on Mitoxantrone-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity
Authors: Dhivya Sridaran , Khandelwal Nidhi , Abraham Suresh K. , Premkumar Kumpati
Published: May 2016

Hypothesis. Anthocyanins possess well-known biological effects and suppress DNA damage induced by therapeutic topoisomerase poisons. Our study focusses on the modulatory effects of anthocyanidins—malvidin (MAL) and pelargonidin (PEL)—on topoisomerase II poison mitoxantrone (MXT)-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Study design. HepG2 cells were treated with MXT (1-10 µM), MAL (10-100 µM,) and PEL (5-640 µM) to determine cell viability. Further, experiments on cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by single agents or combinations were performed. In vitro and in vivo antigenotoxic effect of MAL/PEL against MXT was evaluated in human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells. Methods. Cytotoxicity of test agents and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells was assessed by MTT assay, trypan blue dye exclusion assay and Hoechst 33258 staining. Antigenotoxic effects of MAL/PEL against MXT were assessed in co-treated human lymphocytes and bone marrow from mice that received MXT intraperitoneally 30 minutes post MAL/PEL oral administration Results. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was observed with all 3 test agents in HepG2 cells. Highest test concentration of 100 µM MAL, 640 µM PEL, and 10 µM MXT decreased HepG2 cell viability by 80%, 30%, and 90%, respectively. The combination of 1 µM MXT + 80 µM MAL reduced cell viability better than single agents. MAL/PEL treatment significantly reduced MXT-induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes and micronuclei formation in mice. Conclusion. Combination of MAL/PEL with lower doses of MXT, especially MAL+MXT increases the cytotoxicity in cancer cells. In addition, MXT treatment with MAL/PEL reduced MXT-induced genotoxicity and protected normal cells during chemotherapy.
Emerging nanotechnologies for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Shukla Sourabh , Steinmetz Nicole F
Published: May 2016

Founded on the growing insight into the complex cancer-immune system interactions, adjuvant immunotherapies are rapidly emerging and being adapted for the treatment of various human malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, have already shown clinical success. Nevertheless, many approaches are not optimized, require frequent administration, are associated with systemic toxicities and only show modest efficacy as monotherapies. Nanotechnology can potentially enhance the efficacy of such immunotherapies by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents and biologicals in targeted cell populations and tissues. This review presents the current status and emerging trends in such nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapies including the role of nanoparticles as carriers of immunomodulators, nanoparticles-based cancer vaccines, and depots for sustained immunostimulation. Also highlighted are key translational challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing field.
The Effectiveness of Various Restorative Justice Interventions on Recidivism Outcomes Among Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Bouffard Jeff , Cooper Maisha , Bergseth Kathleen
Published: May 2016

Research has generally supported the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ) programs on a number of outcomes; however, little research has examined the effectiveness of variations in the intervention. This study examined several variations of an RJ program for juvenile offenders, including direct mediation, indirect forms of victim/offender mediation accomplished without direct victim/offender contact, the use of community panels (i.e., with community representatives when no direct victim was available), and a group who received only minimal interaction with RJ staff. Results supported the effectiveness of a number of variations in program implementation. Implications for future research and potential improvements to the RJ model are discussed.
Dynamic modeling of double-helical gear with Timoshenko beam theory and experiment verification
Authors: Dong Jincheng , Wang Sanmin , Lin He , Wang Ying
Published: May 2016

In the dynamic study of the double-helical gear transmission, the coupling shaft in the middle of the two helical gears is difficult to be handled accurately. In this article, the coupling shaft is treated as the Timoshenko beam elements and is synthesized with the lumped-mass method of the two helical gear pairs. Then, the numerical integration method is used to solve the amplitude–frequency responses and dynamic factors under diverse operating conditions. A gear vibration test rig of closed power circuit is developed for in-depth experimental measurements and model validation. After comparing the theoretical data with the practical results, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the dynamic model with the Timoshenko beam element is quite appropriate and reliable in the dynamic analysis of double-helical gear transmission and is of great theoretical value in the accurate dynamic research of the double-helical gear transmission. (2) In both theoretical analysis and experimental measurements, the dynamic factors of gear pair diminish with the increase in the input torque and augment with the increase in the input speed. (3) The deviation ratio of the theoretical data and the experimental results decrease with the increase in the input torque, reaching the minimum at the highest input speed.
Application of TRIZ inventive principles to innovate recycling machine
Authors: Lin Song Yih , Wu Chang Tzuoh
Published: May 2016

This article mainly proposes a design process in which a combination of brainstorming and the theory of inventive problem-solving, better known as TRIZ, are used in the design process. We used illustrations by designing a recycling machine for Tetra Pak. Designers are guided to apply brainstorming to come up with innovative designs and features utilizing 39 engineering parameters, a contradiction matrix, and 40 inventive principles for solving design problems. Once copyright and patent laws have been adhered in order to ensure there are no infringements, a prototype may be constructed, and patents may be applied for.
Using internally cooled cutting tools in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials based on Waspaloy
Authors: Isik Yahya
Published: May 2016

Nickel-based superalloys such as Waspaloy are used for engine components and in the nuclear industry, where considerable strength and corrosion resistance at high operating temperatures are called for. These characteristics of such alloys cause increases in cutting temperature and resultant tool damage, even at low cutting speeds and low feed rates. Thus, they are classified as difficult-to-cut materials. This article presents a cooling method to be used in metal cutting based on a tool holder with a closed internal cooling system with cooling fluid circulating inside. Hence, a green cooling method that does not harm the environment and is efficient in removing heat from the cutting zone was developed. A series of cutting experiments were conducted to investigate the practicality and effectiveness of the internally cooled tool model. The developed system achieved up to 13% better surface quality than with dry machining, and tool life was extended by 12%. The results clearly showed that with the reduced cutting temperature of the internal cooling, it was possible to control the temperature and thus prevent reaching the critical cutting temperature during the turning process, which is vitally important in extending tool life during the processing of Waspaloy.
Fibromyalgia
Authors: Imrie Rachael
Published: May 2016

Fibromyalgia is a musculoskeletal condition that is characterised by chronic widespread pain and a constellation of associated symptoms. Its exact presentation is very variable, and this can lead to diagnostic delay and frustration on the part of both the patient and the clinician. Although fibromyalgia is not a degenerative condition, it does often have a very significant impact on the quality of life of those affected. The focus of treatment is usually symptom control rather than cure. There are, however, a variety of different treatment approaches that can help, and it is important that GPs are aware of the range of options and are able to discuss strategies for improving symptoms with their patients.
Exploring the use of technology pathways to access health information by Australian university students: a multi-dimensional approach
Authors: Usher Wayne , Gudes Ori , Parekh Sanjoti
Published: May 2016

Objective:

Mobile wireless communication technologies (MWCT) and social media (SM) networks create pathways for accessing widely available information that are favoured particularly by younger generations. The purpose of this study was to explore the way university students use these communication technologies to access health information.

Method:

Participants ( n = 696), who were recruited via an email invitation, completed an online self-reported survey that collected multi-dimensional data consisting of quantitative, qualitative and spatial statistics.

Results:

The results indicate that technology was used extensively to search for health information and resulted in positive changes in participants’ behaviours; however they perceived lack of reliability of the information as a pressing issue.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that appealing, persuasive and reliable MWCT and SM can be used extensively to promote health amongst Australian youth.
Taking detours toward the Aufhebung of Religion: Roland Boer on the attachment between Marxism and political myth
Authors: Jeffs Rory
Published: May 2016

This article responds to Roland Boer’s Marxism and Theology (2007–13) that offers a unique contribution to understanding the current impasse in revolutionary Left politics and illustrates the importance of the numerous references to theology in Marxist literature. In this response, I focus on Boer's argument of Marxism and Judaeo-Christian theology occupying a similar contested space with respect to their uses of “political myth.” I argue that the key to Boer’s critical project is a two-pronged approach: “materializing” theology and “theologizing” historical materialism. For this critical endeavor to make inroads, it relies not just on the ambivalence of political myth, but also that myths are essential to Marxist theories of emancipation, as well as to Marx’s notion of “the Aufhebung of Religion.” I focus on two figures: Ernst Bloch as a Marxist who emphasizes myth’s emancipatory qualities; and Theodor Adorno as wary of myth while adhering to the theological motif of the bilderverbot. From this analysis, we can begin to see how much Boer’s project depends on a wager on political myth itself.
Public intimacy: Contestation over young Chinese rural migrants’ love life
Authors: Sun Wanning
Published: May 2016

Reforms in China’s household registration system over the past few decades have allowed vast number of rural residents to enter the city in search of work. Young factory workers are subject to a high level of discipline within the industrial regime. The dearth of time, space, and money has one practical implication for workers’ love lives: often enough, it is difficult to practice intimacy, and when they do try, it may have to be in public places. In January 2013, a group of 30 photos appeared on ifeng.com , an online platform for Phoenix TV and one of China’s best known Internet portals. Entitled “Rural Migrants’ Love in Dongguan,” these photos “went viral” within a short period of time, appearing on many websites in China and beyond. Through a juxtaposition of public debates online and some workers’ own views on these images, this article discusses the cultural politics of class and visibility in the digital age.
Investigation of an Outbreak of Hepatitis A in a Coastal Area, Kerala, Southern India
Authors: Raveendran Sandhya , Rakesh P. S. , Dev Soumya , Vijayakumar Nithin , Prasannakumar Prathibha
Published: May 2016

An outbreak investigation was initiated following an unusual occurrence of hepatitis A reported among people residing in the coastal belt of Vadi to Vedikunnu area, Kollam district, Kerala, southern India. The time frame of disease occurrence, pattern of its distribution, and the incubation period of hepatitis A infection indicated the probability of occurrence of the outbreak as a result of pipe line water contamination due to mixing of sewage from a canal. The results add evidence to the epidemiology of hepatitis A in the state and warrant the establishment of an efficient water quality surveillance system.
Quality of Life, Sleep, and Health of Air Traffic Controllers With Rapid Counterclockwise Shift Rotation
Authors: Sonati Jaqueline Girnos , De Martino Milva Maria Figueiredo , Vilarta Roberto , da Silva Maciel Érika , Sonati Renato José Ferreira , Paduan Paulo Cézar
Published: May 2016

Rotating shiftwork is common for air traffic controllers and usually causes sleep deprivation, biological adaptations, and life changes for these workers. This study assessed quality of life, the sleep, and the health of 30 air traffic controllers employed at an international airport in Brazil. The objective was to identify health and quality of life concerns of these professionals. The results identified physical inactivity, overweight, excess body fat, low scores for physical and social relationships, and sleep deprivation for workers in all four workshifts. In conclusion, these workers are at risk for chronic non-transmittable diseases and compromised work performance, suggesting the need for more rest time before working nightshifts and work environments that stimulate physical activity and healthy diets.
Describing Elementary Certification Methods Across the Elementary Music Career Cycle
Authors: Svec Christina L.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the study was to describe elementary music method choice and certification method choice overall and across the elementary music career cycle. Participants ( N = 254) were categorized as Level I or Elementary Division in a southwestern music education association database. The questionnaire included 25 four-point Likert-type items that measured music curriculum alignment to given methods and agreement with statements concerning respondent school district curriculum, personal method practices, and motives concerning the pursuit of one or more method certifications. Gathered information was converted into descriptive statistics. Kodály and Orff were the method certifications of choice overall and across the elementary music career cycle. Perceptions and motives varied little across the career cycle. Conclusions include suggestions concerning professional development.
Enhanced thrombopoietin but not G-CSF receptor stimulation induces self-renewing hematopoietic stem cell divisions in vivo
Authors: Kovtonyuk Larisa V. , Manz Markus G. , Takizawa Hitoshi
Published: May 2016

Key Points

Mpl agonist, but not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, induces self-renewing HSC divisions and expansions.
Beyond the Cell: Using Multiscalar Topics to Bring Interdisciplinarity into Undergraduate Cellular Biology Courses
Authors: Weber Carolyn F.
Published: May 2016

Western science has grown increasingly reductionistic and, in parallel, the undergraduate life sciences curriculum has become disciplinarily fragmented. While reductionistic approaches have led to landmark discoveries, many of the most exciting scientific advances in the late 20th century have occurred at disciplinary interfaces; work at these interfaces is necessary to manage the world’s looming problems, particularly those that are rooted in cellular-level processes but have ecosystem- and even global-scale ramifications (e.g., nonsustainable agriculture, emerging infectious diseases). Managing such problems requires comprehending whole scenarios and their emergent properties as sums of their multiple facets and complex interrelationships, which usually integrate several disciplines across multiple scales (e.g., time, organization, space). This essay discusses bringing interdisciplinarity into undergraduate cellular biology courses through the use of multiscalar topics. Discussing how cellular-level processes impact large-scale phenomena makes them relevant to everyday life and unites diverse disciplines (e.g., sociology, cell biology, physics) as facets of a single system or problem, emphasizing their connections to core concepts in biology. I provide specific examples of multiscalar topics and discuss preliminary evidence that using such topics may increase students’ understanding of the cell’s position within an ecosystem and how cellular biology interfaces with other disciplines.
Cervical Abnormalities in South African Women Living With HIV With High Screening and Referral Rates
Authors: Katz Ingrid T. , Butler Lisa M. , Crankshaw Tamaryn L. , Wright Alexi A. , Bramhill Karen , Leone Dominick A. , Giddy Janet , Mould Sean
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of screening, cervical dysplasia, and malignancy on the basis of histologic diagnoses from colposcopy and large loop excision of the transformation zone among women living with HIV (WLWH) who attended an urban antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study to examine a random sample of 462 WLWH during a 5-year period from 2004 to 2009. Women on ART for < 3 months were excluded. Data were abstracted from electronic records and paper charts to assess rates of cervical abnormalities detected on Pap smears as well as time to colposcopy.

Results

During the study period, 432 women (93.5%) had at least one evaluable Papanicolau test. At baseline, 237 women (54.9%) had an abnormal Papanicolau test, and of these patients, 181 (76.3%) had a Papanicolau test that qualified for further colposcopic evaluation. In addition, 115 women (63.5%) received colposcopy within a median of 39 days from referral. This yielded 74 evaluable histologic samples (64.3%), of which 21.6%, 27.0%, 27.0%, and 1.4% had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN2, CIN3, and invasive cervical cancer, respectively.

Conclusion

In a large sample of WLWH who received ART in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where Papanicolau test coverage and rates of referral for colposcopy and large loop excision of the transformation zone were high, > 75% of women with evaluable histologic samples had evidence of cervical dysplasia or malignancy. These findings underscore the importance of routine cervical screening upon entry into HIV care to optimize survival.
(How) do animals know how much they weigh?
Authors: Schilder Rudolf J.
Published: May 2016

Animal species varying in size and musculoskeletal design all support and move their body weight. This implies the existence of evolutionarily conserved feedback between sensors that produce quantitative signals encoding body weight and proximate determinants of musculoskeletal designs. Although studies at the level of whole organisms and tissue morphology and function clearly indicate that musculoskeletal designs are constrained by body weight variation, the corollary to this – i.e. that the molecular-level composition of musculoskeletal designs is sensitive to body weight variation – has been the subject of only minimal investigation. The main objective of this Commentary is to briefly summarize the former area of study but, in particular, to highlight the latter hypothesis and the relevance of understanding the mechanisms that control musculoskeletal function at the molecular level. Thus, I present a non-exhaustive overview of the evidence – drawn from different fields of study and different levels of biological organization – for the existence of body weight sensing mechanism(s).
Ontogenetic changes in larval swimming and orientation of pre-competent sea urchin Arbacia punctulata in turbulence
Authors: Wheeler Jeanette D. , Chan Kit Yu Karen , Anderson Erik J. , Mullineaux Lauren S.
Published: May 2016

Many marine organisms have complex life histories, having sessile adults and relying on the planktonic larvae for dispersal. Larvae swim and disperse in a complex fluid environment and the effect of ambient flow on larval behavior could in turn impact their survival and transport. However, to date, most studies on larvae–flow interactions have focused on competent larvae near settlement. We examined the importance of flow on early larval stages by studying how local flow and ontogeny influence swimming behavior in pre-competent larval sea urchins, Arbacia punctulata. We exposed larval urchins to grid-stirred turbulence and recorded their behavior at two stages (4- and 6-armed plutei) in three turbulence regimes. Using particle image velocimetry to quantify and subtract local flow, we tested the hypothesis that larvae respond to turbulence by increasing swimming speed, and that the increase varies with ontogeny. Swimming speed increased with turbulence for both 4- and 6-armed larvae, but their responses differed in terms of vertical swimming velocity. 4-Armed larvae swam most strongly upward in the unforced flow regime, while 6-armed larvae swam most strongly upward in weakly forced flow. Increased turbulence intensity also decreased the relative time that larvae spent in their typical upright orientation. 6-Armed larvae were tilted more frequently in turbulence compared with 4-armed larvae. This observation suggests that as larvae increase in size and add pairs of arms, they are more likely to be passively re-oriented by moving water, rather than being stabilized (by mechanisms associated with increased mass), potentially leading to differential transport. The positive relationship between swimming speed and larval orientation angle suggests that there was also an active response to tilting in turbulence. Our results highlight the importance of turbulence to planktonic larvae, not just during settlement but also in earlier stages through morphology–flow interactions.
Modification of sperm quality after sexual abstinence in Seba's short-tailed bat,Carollia perspicillata
Authors: Wesseling Charlotte , Fasel Nicolas , Richner Heinz , Helfenstein Fabrice
Published: May 2016

In polygynous mating systems, few males have stable access to sexual mates. With an expected higher copulation rate, harem males may deplete seminal fluids or increase epididymal sperm maturation, generating poor sperm quality. In a first study, we reported a higher sperm quality in sneaker males of Carollia perspicillata. To test whether the lower sperm quality observed in harem males was generated by an elevated copulation rate, we temporarily removed males of both social statuses from the colony. We thus assessed status-related changes of sperm quality resulting from sexual abstinence. Moreover, released from territory and female guarding, harem males were expected to show a reduction in somatic costs. On the basis of sperm competition models, we predicted a higher resource investment in the ejaculate with the reduction of pre-copulatory efforts. In line with our predictions, sperm quality of harem males improved significantly in contrast to sneaker males, whose sperm quality did not change. Without an increase in ejaculate lipid peroxidation, our results also provide evidence that the duration of sexual abstinence was not sufficient to generate sperm oxidative damage through senescence. Harem males did not show a reduction in blood lipid peroxidation or in the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione. In line with the maintenance of these somatic costs, harem males did not invest more superoxide dismutase to the ejaculate to maintain sperm quality. Our results suggest that a difference in copulation rate rather than an adaptation to sperm competition provides sneaker males with higher sperm quality in C. perspicillata.
An RNA matchmaker protein regulates the activity of the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR
Authors: Meredith Emily K. , Balas Maggie M. , Sindy Karla , Haislop Krystal , Johnson Aaron M.
Published: May 2016

The human long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR acts in trans to recruit the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to the HOXD gene cluster and to promote gene silencing during development. In breast cancers, overexpression of HOTAIR increases metastatic potential via the repression of many additional genes. It has remained unclear what factors determine HOTAIR-dependent PRC2 activity at specific genomic loci, particularly when high levels of HOTAIR result in aberrant gene silencing. To identify additional proteins that contribute to the specific action of HOTAIR, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of the HOTAIR interactome. We found that the most specific interaction was between HOTAIR and the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1, a member of a family of proteins involved in nascent mRNA processing and RNA matchmaking. Our data suggest that A2/B1 are key contributors to HOTAIR-mediated chromatin regulation in breast cancer cells: A2/B1 knockdown reduces HOTAIR-dependent breast cancer cell invasion and decreases PRC2 activity at the majority of HOTAIR-dependent loci. We found that the B1 isoform, which differs from A2 by 12 additional amino acids, binds with highest specificity to HOTAIR. B1 also binds chromatin and associates preferentially with RNA transcripts of HOTAIR gene targets. We furthermore demonstrate a direct RNA–RNA interaction between HOTAIR and a target transcript that is enhanced by B1 binding. Together, these results suggest a model in which B1 matches HOTAIR with transcripts of target genes on chromatin, leading to repression by PRC2.
Particle Size Distribution Functions at Dust Separation Equipment’s Various Operating Modes
Authors: Половченко  , Polovchenko S. , Веденин  , Vedenin Evgeniy , Чартий  , Chartiy Pavel , Шеманин  , Shemanin Valeriy
Published: May 2016

The size-consist measure is an aerosol particle distribution function (PDF). The suspended particles’ size-consist affects their behavior during the dust separation process, their behavior in the atmosphere, and on the degree of their negative impact on the environment and human health. A numeric parameter allowing recover the particle size distribution function is the mean volumetrically-superficial particle diameter. This diameter changes during the dust separation equipment’s various operating modes. Therefore, the suspended particles’ size-consist control through the mean volumetrically-superficial particle diameter measuring allows determine the most harmful to the environment and human health suspended particle emissions, and more objectively calculate the suspended particle dispersion in the atmosphere.