bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Studies of BHV‐1 Variants by In Vivo — In Vitro Tests
Authors: Bratanich A. C. , Sardi S. I. , Smitsaart E. N. , Schudel A. A.
Published: May 2010

The new encephalitogenic BHV‐1.3 and previously characterized BHV‐1 strains were studied with reference to their immunogenic and protective potency and their antigenic relationships using “in vitro” and “in vivo” tests.

The “in vitro” results obtained by neutralization kinetics showed that the Los Angeles (LA) strain (BHV‐1.1) and a vaginal isolate L‐114 strain (BHV‐1.2) had antigenic similarities. Conversely, the behavior of the encephalitogenic strain A‐663 (BHV‐1.3), was significantly distinct.

The “in vivo” protection test was carried out in calves using LA and A‐663 strains. Post‐vaccination antibodies and challenge with A‐663 strain showed that the immunogenic behavior and protective capacities of both strains were similar.

Neutralization kinetics differences between BHV‐1.1 and BHV‐1.3 did not alter the “in vivo” protection against BHV‐1.3 challenge.
Detection of Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus Antibody by Neutralizing Test and ELISA in Experimentally Infected Rabbits
Authors: Honda Eiichi , Taniguchi Takahide , Watanabe Makoto , Kumagai Tetsuo
Published: May 2010

The antibody response of rabbit to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was examined. Two rabbits were inoculated with IBR virus strain Los Angeles into the trachea and intravenously, and intravenously two times, respectively. The patterns of antibody titers in the rabbits measured by neutralization test and ELISA were similar to those in the case of bovine. The antibody was detected after the inoculation, and much more antibody was detected after the second inoculation. The fact suggests that rabbits are a very useful laboratory animal for IBR virus infection studies.
Treatment of Chronic Stomatitis of Cats by Local Paramunization with PIND‐ORF
Authors: Mayr Barbara , Deininger Susanne , Büttner M.
Published: May 2010

33 cats, suffering from chronic stomatitis, were treated with orally given paramunity inducer PIND‐ORF (local paramunization). As a control 39 cats in the same practice were treated with other conventional methods.

The reconvalescence rate (healing without rezidives) of experimental animals was 42%. From control animals only 13% reached this status. Oral paramunization with PIND‐ORF is recommended as an alternative treatment for hitherto existing therapeutic measures against chronic stomatitis.
Effect of Insect Control on the Occurrence and Distribution of Streptothricosis Lesions on Cattle
Authors: Hadrill D.J. , Morrow A. N. , Heron I. D. , Robinson J. L.
Published: May 2010

Trials were set up to ascertain whether the observed occurrence of streptothricosis lesions at dorsal sites on cattle in Antigua was related to the feeding activity of flies. Animals in two herds were treated with insecticide while a third herd served as an untreated control group. There was no significant difference in the occurrence or distribution of lesions on animals in all the three herds over a two month observation period except that a higher proportion of animals in one of the treated herds was affected at the end of the study.
Parasitologische, klinische, hämatologische und serologische Befunde bei Welpen nach galaktogener Infektion mit Ancylostoma caninum ERCOLANI 1859 (Ancylostomidae)
Authors: Gottstein Barbara , Ising Susanne , Stoye M.
Published: May 2010

Parasitological, clinical, hematological and serological findings in puppies after lactogenic infection with Ancylostoma caninum ERCOLANI 1859 (Ancylostomidae)

The correlation between intensity of Ancylostoma caninum infections in bitches and the intensity of lactogenic infections and clinical signs of their puppies was investigated. On average, 825, 1,867 or 2,125 specimens were observed in litters of two bitches inoculated with 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 third stage larvae (LIII) respectively, at the day of conception. Adverse effects of the infection on the growth and behaviour of the puppies were observed after onset of their second week of life: 11/ 27 puppies died during the fourth week. The body weight of puppies surviving 28 days was up to 750 g less than that of uninfected controls. Eosinophilia, erythroblastosis and microcytotic, hypochromic anemia developed in all puppies during their first four weeks. The IFA test (LIIIantigen) was positive for only 5/18 heavily infected puppies after uptake of colostrum.

Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen erfolgten mit der Zielsetzung, zu prüfen, in welchem Maß der Umfang galaktogener Infektionen mit Ancylostoma caninum bei Welpen von der Infektionsstärke ihrer Muttertiere abhängig ist und welche Wirkung die Infektion bei den Jungtieren zeigt.

Bei Welpen von Hündinnen, die am Tage der Konzeption perkutan mit 5000, 10 000 und 20 000 dritten Larven von Ancylostoma caninum infiziert worden waren, wurden im Mittel 824,5, 1866,5 und 2124,5 Exemplare von Ancylostoma caninum pro Wurf nachgewiesen.

Einflüsse der Infektion auf die körperliche Entwicklung und das Verhalten der Welpen wurden von der 2. Lebenswoche an erkennbar. Ein Teil der massiv infizierten Jungtiere verendete während der 4. Lebenswoche. Welpen, die bis zum 28. Tag überlebt hatten, wogen zu dieser Zeit bis zu 750 g weniger als gleichaltrige nichtinfizierte Tiere.

Bei allen Welpen kam es in den ersten Lebenswochen zu Eosinophilie, mikrozytärer, hypochromer Anämie und Erythroblastose. Antikörper gegen dritte Larven von Ancylostoma caninum waren mit der indirekten Fluoreszenzantikörpertechnik nur bei einigen der massiv infizierten Welpen nach Aufnahme von Kolostrum nachweisbar.
On the Pathogenesis of Anaemia and Leukopenia in Filarial (Litomosoides carinii) Infection of Mastomys natalensis
Authors: Ziegler Claudia , Käufer‐Weiss Ilse , Zahner H.
Published: May 2010

Mastomys natalensis infected with the filarial parasite Litomosoides carinii show anaemia and leukopenia. Alterations start with the onset of microfilaraemia. Anaemia is temporally macrocytic (up to 80 days after infection), subsequently normocytic and hypochromic, accompanied by reticulocytosis. Increased intravascular haemolysis (i) and functional disorders of the haemopoetic system (ii) are involved in the pathogenesis. i: Circulating erythrocytes showed increased osmofragility. Hypoglycaemia demonstrated in parasitaemic animals may be one reason. ii: Histological and electron microscopical investigations of the bone marrow revealed markedly enhanced haemopoiesis in infected animals. However, a high proportion of cells was found pathologically altered already beginning in the late prepatency and increasing in the further course of infection. Thus, dyshaemopoiesis may result in the production of morphologically and functionally aberrant cells which are rapidly eliminated by the MPS which is highly activated in L. carinii infected M. natalensis.
Carp Erythrodermatitis (CE) due to an Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
Authors: Sioutas S. , Hoffmann R. W. , Pfeil‐Putzien C. , Fischer‐Scherl Th.
Published: May 2010

In November 1987 high losses of carp (Cyprinus carpio) with the main symptom of skin ulcera were observed in a farm in northern Greece.

Sixty‐six isolates of bacteria, characterized mainly as Aeromonas hydrophila or Pseudomonas spp. could be isolated from lesions of diseased fish. Transmission experiments with these isolates using mirror carp showed that Aeromonas hydrophila strains induced identical clinical and pathological pictures after intra‐ or subcutaneous injection. Extracts of these Aeromonas hydrophila isolates, as well as a supernatant of culture bouillon were toxic for carp and mice, indicating the presence of endo‐ and exotoxins. The results prove that carp erythrodermatitis (CE) may be caused by different bacteria, mainly including A. hydrophila.
A Field Study of Mycoplasma Bovis Infection in Cattle
Authors: Feenstra A. , Madsen E. Bisgaard , Friis N. F. , Meyling A. , Ahrens P.
Published: May 2010

After an outbreak of mastitis in cattle caused byMycoplasma bovisa study was made in 5 herds with recent cases (principal herds) and in 4 control herds. In the principal herds,M. boviswas isolated from milk samples, nasal swabs, and from one vaginal swab.M. boviswas also isolated from nasal swabs of calves in 2 of the 4 control herds, whereas all milk samples and vaginal swabs from the control herds were negative.

Evaluation of serum antibody titres toM. bovisamong non‐mastitic animals of 3 principal herds and 1 control herd showed no difference in distribution of the titre values, which generally were low. However, cows excretingM. bovisin the milk had high antibody titres. The way of introduction to the herds and the spread of the infection within the herds could not be established by the study, which was supplemented by a DNA restriction fragment analysis of a number ofM. bovisisolates.
Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Larven von Anisakis simplex beim Seelachs Pollachius virens mittels ELISA
Authors: Priebe K. , Huber C. , Märtlbauer E. , Terplan G.
Published: May 2010

Detection of antibodies against larvae of Anisakis simplex in saithe Pollachius virens by ELISA

From the fact that older saithes (more than 5 years old) are showing significantly lower prevalence of attack by Anisakis larvae in lateral muscle than younger saithes (3–4 years old), the question arises if this phenomenon is based on a specific immune response. Therefore we have investigated serum samples from saithes of different ages by using an indirect ELISA to estimate the antibody‐titer against excretory‐secretory Anisakis antigen.

Results showing a moderate correlation (r = 0.66) between the hight of titer and the age of underfeeding saithes (post spawning) and a close correlation (r = 0.93) of saithes in an optimal condition (pre spawning).

It may be concluded that the migration‐distance and the lifetime of Anisakis larvae in lateralmuscle is influenced by a specific immune response which increases with the age of the saithes.

Die Befallstärke des Seitenmuskels mit Anisakislarven ist bei älteren Seelachsen deutlich niedriger als bei 3–4 jährigen Seelachsen. Zur Klärung der Frage, ob dies auf einer Immunreaktion gegen die parenteral vorkommenden Nematodenlarven beruht, wurden Serumproben von Seelachsen verschiedenen Alters mittels indirekten ELISA auf das Vorhandensein von Antikörpern gegen exkretorischsekretorisches Anisakis‐Antigen untersucht. Es zeigte sich bei abgemagerten Färöer‐Seelachsen eine mäßige (r = 0,66) und bei gut genährten Hebriden‐Seelachsen eine enge (r = 0,93) Korrelation zwischen der Höhe der Serum‐Titer gegen Anisakis‐Antigen und dem Lebensalter der Fische. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß der Seitenmuskel von mehr als 5 Jahre alten Seelachsen unter anderem deswegen nur selten mit Anisakislarven befallen ist, weil unter Beteiligung von Immunvorgängen mit steigendem Lebensalter die Migrationsdistanz und die Lebensdauer der Anisakislarven in der Muskulatur verkürzt werden.
Mycobacterial Antigen Detection by Immunohistochemistry in Goat Paratuberculosis
Authors: Navarro J. A. , Bernabé A. , Gómez M. A. , Sánchez J. , Gomez S.
Published: May 2010

An immunóhistochemical method (PAP) for a microscopic diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats is described as an alternative method to the Ziehl‐Neelsen technique. Mycobacterial antigens are only found in enteric and mesenteric lymph node lesions. This method is the most sensible, particularly in cases in which there are no paratuberculosis lesions and the Ziehl‐Neelsen technique shows no acid‐fast bacilli (AFB).

Detección de antigenos micobacterianos mediante inmunohistoquímica en paratuberculosis caprina

Se estudia la aplicación de una técnica inmunocitoquímica (PAP) con la utilización de un suero anti‐Mycobacterium paratuberculosiscomo método alternativo al Ziehl‐Neelsen en el diagnóstico microscópico de la paratuberculosis en cabras. Se detectaron antigenos micobacterianos sólo en lesiones entéricas y de ganglios mesentéricos, siendo este método particularmente eficaz en aquellos casos donde no existen lesiones tipicas de paratuberculosis y el método de Ziehl‐Neelsen puede no evidenciar bacilos ácido‐alcohol resistentes.

Palabras clave: Paratuberculosis, Enfermedad de Johne, Inmunohistoquímica, Cabra.
Economic and Production Repercussions of Deworming by Pulse Release Device and Oral Suspension in Grazing Double‐Muscled Fattening Cattle
Authors: Genicot B. , Mouligneau F. , Lekeux P.
Published: May 2010

In this field trial, the repercussions of 2 administration forms of oxfendazole, namely a single administration of a front‐loaded device (group 1; n = 18) and a repeated administration of a 90.6 per cent oral suspension (group 2; n=18), were compared in first season‐grazing double‐muscled fattening bulls. The comparison was based on the production performances, the mean worm egg counts and the product‐ and labour‐costs.

The daily body gains determined on the whole trial period, i.e. 1.312 ± 0.055 kg and 1.270 ± 0.056 kg for groups 1 and 2 respectively, and mean worm egg counts per gram (on days 0 and 130:200.0 ± 44.3 and 94.4 ± 27.4 for group 1; 366.7 ± 98.4 and 100.0 ± 33.6 for group 2) did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the total costs were lower with a front‐loaded device (1,021 Belgian Francs) than with oral suspension (1,248 Belgian Francs per bull).
ELISA for Assessing Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Pigs
Authors: Bartoszcze M. , Krupa K. , Roszkowski J.
Published: May 2010

The ELISA technique was applied to assess Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs. Among 925 swine examined 36.4 per cent of the animals were seropositive. Serum titres ranged from 100 to 3,200.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Chlamydiae in Formalin‐Fixed Tissue Sections: Comparison of a Monoclonal Antibody with Yolk Derived Antibodies (IgY)
Authors: Kunz Ursula Straumann , Pospischil A. , Paccaud M. F.
Published: May 2010

Immunohistological detection of chlamydiae in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded sections of various organs from several species is described. In a retrospective study, two antisera, a commercially‐available monoclonal murine antibody (IgMur) and vitelline immunoglobulins (IgY), extracted from the egg yolk of immunized hens, were compared and tested for their applicability under routine condition. Both antisera were applied to tissues from which chlamydiae had been isolated or in which the presence of chlamydiae had been suspected in specially stained sections. Antigen labelling was optimal with the monoclonal antibody. Vitelline immunoglobulins produced some unspecific reactions, especially in lung tissue sections. Because of the antigenic relationship between the vitelline antibodies and tissues of birds, IgY are not suitable for the detection of psittacosis on avian substrates, when using an indirect immunological method. Staining in other tissues e. g. intestine or placenta was of equal quality as that attained with monoclonal antibodies. Depending on the advantages and disadvantages in every individual case, one of the two antibodies may be chosen for further studies. Vitelline antibodies should be preferred with respect to animal welfare.
Maternal Antibodies against Equine Influenza Virus in Foals and their Interference with Vaccination
Authors: van Oirschot J. T. , Bruin G. , de Boer‐Luytze E. , Smolders G.
Published: May 2010

Foals that were born to mares vaccinated twice a year against influenza had moderate to high haemagglutination‐inhibition antibody titers at 24 hours after birth. The foals were vaccinated at six and ten weeks of age, and again at three to five months after birth. Four months after the third vaccination no antibodies against A/H7N7 and A/H3N8 influenza viruses were detected in these foals. Thus, maternal antibodies probably prevented the development of antibodies against equine influenza virus after vaccination. Foals born to the same mares one year later were monitored to determine the rate of decline of maternal antibodies against influenza viruses. Antibody titers of the foals shortly after birth were similar to those of the mares at foaling. The antibodies persisted for three to six months, and their biological half‐life was estimated to be approximately 38 days. Two vaccinations of foals against influenza after the maternal antibodies had virtually disappeared resulted in an antibody response in most, but still not all, foals. These findings suggest that foals should not be vaccinated against influenza until maternal antibodies have disappeared.
Protective Activity to Murine Experimental Brucellosis Conferred by Monoclonal Antibody ISS/32 Anti‐B. abortus
Authors: Adone R. , Ciuchini F. , Pistoia C. , Marcon G. , Piccininno G.
Published: May 2010

The protective properties of the monoclonal antibody ISS/32 anti‐B. abortus were estimated by splenic infection with B. abortus 544. Five groups of Balb/c mice were used: two groups, previously vaccinated with a 45/20 antigen and a‐LPS antigen, were challenged after 30 days intravenously by inoculation of 2.105cells of B. abortus 544, one group was challenged with the same dose of B. abortus 544 preincubated with MAb‐ISS/32 and another one with B. abortus 544 incubated with negative serum; the fifth group infected with B. abortus 544 only served as control.

The results, expressed as an index of splenic infection, show significant protective properties of monoclonal antibody ISS/32. The infection index in the MAb‐ISS/32 group of mice was a bit lower than in B. abortus 45/20 vaccine group.
Induction of Anti‐Phagocytic Surface Properties of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis by Growth in Milk Whey
Authors: Mamo Wubshet , Sandgren Charlotte Hallén , Lindahl Mats , Jonsson Per
Published: May 2010

The respiratory burst activity of bovine polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in response to milk whey‐ and TSB‐grown S. aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis was studied in whole blood chemiluminescence (CL) and in a CL system with purified bovine neutrophils. In both cases milk whey‐grown S. aureus strains elicited significantly less CL than homologous strains grown in TSB. Ingestion of milk whey‐grown S. aureus strains by bovine neutrophils was also considerably lower than that of the corresponding homologous organisms grown in TSB. Binding of complement factor C3 to serum‐opsonized milk whey‐grown S. aureus strains was lower compared with TSB‐grown homologous organisms. Moreover, 5 of 6 S. aureus strains grown in milk whey were significantly more resistant to in vivo clearance from the peritoneal cavity of mice compared with homologous bacteria grown in TSB.

S. aureus strains grown in TSB exhibited hydrophobic surface properties, whereas homologous strains grown in milk whey were hydrophilic.
Animal poxviruses transmitted from cat to man: current event with lethal end
Authors: Czerny C.‐P. , Eis‐Hübinger A. M. , Mayr A. , Schneweis K. E. , Pfeiff B.
Published: May 2010

We report about the infection of an 18‐year‐old man with an orthopox virus (OPV) which was transmitted by a cat. The infectious route from cat to man could be proved by epidemiological, virological and serological methods. The corresponding techniques are described.

The patient had not been vaccinated against smallpox and was intensively immunosuppressed by medication on account of a severe endogeneous eczema combined with an allergic asthma bronchiale. A cyclic poxvirus disease developed with a generalised, partly confluent pox virus exanthema disseminated over the body. The clinical symptoms were similar to a “variola pustulosa haemorrhagica”. The young man died of a lung embolism in the course of the intensive medical therapy.

The haemorrhagic character of the pox virus pustules with central necrosis (pox navel) could be reproduced in the rabbit skin and on chorioallantois membranes. The pox virus isolated from the patient could be differentiated from variola, vaccinia and monkeypox virus. It is a member of the group of “cowpox‐like viruses”.

The environmental importance of these OPVs is discussed.
Attempts to Immunoprotect Adult Horses, Specifically Pregnant Mares, with Commercial Vaccines against Clinical Disease Induced by Equine Herpesvirus‐1
Authors: Bürki F. , Nowotny N. , Oulehla J. , Schmehlik O. , Möstl K. , Pallan C. , Rossmanith E.
Published: May 2010

In a project lasting 4 years more than 300 Lipizzans, around 180 of them adults, were vaccinated systematically against Equine Herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) and representative groups thereof were serologically controlled for their antibody responses. In part, vaccination intervals recommended on packing slips were followed, in part other intervals, implicated by intermediary results, were used. A live virus vaccine proved ineffective if humoral antibodies were present. An oil‐adjuvanted vaccine proved of highest antiviral immunogenicity, but after repeated revaccinations caused severe local reactions so frequently that we had to discontinue its use in adults. Fetal calf serum originating from the cell cultures used for viral propagation and not eliminated from the marketed product, was accused of being responsible for the incompatibilities. An inactivated mixed virus vaccine was of weak antigenicity regarding its EHV‐1 component (whereas good regarding the influenza viruses) so that it proved unsatisfactory for primary immunization. It was, however, potent enough, and clinically well tolerated, to maintain suitable antibody levels in horses which had been initially primed by the oil‐adjuvanted vaccine. Consequently, optimal humoral immunity as well as clinical acceptability resulted when two different vaccines were used, one for induction, the other for maintenance of protection. Vaccination intervals different from those on the packing slips are recommended for the mixed vaccine.
Bèta‐Hemolytic Streptococci from Pigs: Bacteriological Diagnosis
Authors: Hommez J. , Devriese L. A. , Castryck F. , Miry C.
Published: May 2010

Bèta‐hemolytic streptococci from lesions in pigs were identified as S. dysgalactiae biotype “equisimilis” and S. dysgalactiae serovar L, S. porcinus, S. agalactiae, E. faecalis and CO2 dependent and broad bèta‐hemolytic S. suis. Data are provided which can be used in the interpretation of commercial identification systems. Tests results and physiological characteristics which complete identification procedures using coagglutination tests are proposed and discussed.
Primary Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Infection in Calves Following Direct Contact with a Persistently Viraemic Calf
Authors: Tråvén M. , Alenius S. , Fossum C. , Larsson B.
Published: May 2010

Six calves, aged 24 to 58 days and not previously exposed to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), were infected with this agent by nose‐to‐nose contact with a persistently BVDV viraemic calf. The study was conducted in two trials, using 3 calves in each. All 6 calves showed a peak interferon level in serum at 4 days post infection (dpi), and they seroconverted to BVDV at 16–21 dpi. The calves in trial 1 had diarrhoea for 2 or 3 days between 2 and 6 dpi and one calf again from 9 to 11 dpi. During the periods of fever, the calves were slightly depressed. Those in trial 2 were more depressed and their oral and nasal mucous membranes were reddened but they never had diarrhoea. In both trials, fever (up to 41.3°C) was a prominent symptom at 8 to 9 dpi and 2 calves showed a diphasic fever course. Respiratory affection was mild and no medical treatment was required. Haematological assessment demonstrated a transient but significant leukopenia and lymphopenia at 4 dpi (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively) and 11 dpi (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). A significant decrease in thrombocyte count was seen at 4 dpi (P < 0.05, n = 3).

This study has demonstrated that nose‐to‐nose contact is an effective way of transmitting BVDV from persistently infected to susceptible cattle.
Studies on Linear Epitopes of Semliki Forest Virus in Protection Studies against Lethal Challenge Virus Infection
Authors: Truyen U. , Kaaden O.‐R.
Published: May 2010

Purified reduced and non‐reduced glycoproteins E1 and E2 of Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) were used to investigate the protection potency to prevent clinical disease after lethal virus challenge. In parallel synthetic oligopeptides deduced from conserved regions of the nucleotide sequences coding for the glycoproteins E 1 and E 2 were included. It could be demonstrated that both reduced and non‐reduced glycoprotein preparations induced protection against lethal virus challenge, whereas the oligopeptides did not. The role of linear epitopes in immunity and their potential use as synthetic vaccines against Alphaviruses are critically discussed.
Comparative Studies on Bacteriolytic Properties of Staphylococcus chromogenes and Staphylococcus hyicus
Authors: Lämmler Ch.
Published: May 2010

Staphylococcus chromogenes and Staphylococcus hyicus showed bacteriolytic activities towards a Micrococcus luteus reference strain. This was demonstrated on tryptone soya agar containing M. luteus cells. Both bacteriolytic enzymes could be isolated by ionic exchange chromatography and subsequent gel filtration. The isolated bacteriolysin of S. chromogenes lysed the M. luteus reference culture, was heat inactivated by 95°C and precipitated specifically with antiserum produced against the bacteriolysin of S. hyicus.
IgM Rheumatoid Factor in Cattle Immunized against Babesiosis
Authors: Ungar‐Waron Hanna , Paz Rita , Shkap Varda , Bin Hanna , Pipano E.
Published: May 2010

Polyclonal bovine IgM‐rheumatoid factors (IgM‐RFs) were examined in sera of cattle immunized against babesiosis. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used enabling rapid screening of serum samples. Results obtained indicate a rise of serum IgM‐RF levels with age in healthy bovines. However when animals of similar age and pertaining to the same herd were examined, levels of serum IgM‐RF exhibited a wide distribution range. Mean values in 60 sera of 2 yrs old clinically healthy heifers originating from a single herd were of 452.60 ± 201.26 e. u. at 1 in 1,000 serum dilution and of 202.37 ± 137.86 e. u. at 1 in 4,000 serum dilution. In a herd where repeated vaccination of dams against babesiosis was carried out 3 to 6 weeks before delivery either with liveBabesia bovisparasites or soluble antigens ofin vitrogrown organisms, no significant differences in mean IgM‐RF values were found between revaccinated animals and a control group. Nor did the mean values of serum IgM‐RF of calves born to the respective groups of dams exhibit significant differences. It thus appears that immunization of healthy cattle against this parasite does not affect mean serum IgM‐RF levels.
Comparison of Surface Antigens of Some Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus Strains of Ovine Origin by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Immunoblotting
Authors: Varga J.
Published: May 2010

Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and immunoblotting were used to identify and to compare the surface antigens of eight C. fetus subsp. fetus strains. Seven strains (one of serogroup A and six of serogroup B) were isolated from aborted ovine fetuses, while one strain (serogroup A) originated from an aborted calf fetus. Saline extracts at 56 °C and 100 °C were used as antigens. Antisera were produced in rabbits.

In saline extracts (56 °C) of the strains at least 19 fractions were identified by SDS‐PAGE, with molecular masses ranging from approx. 4,800 to 205,000. The major bands appeared at 205,000, 66,000, 31,500, 25,000, 21,000 and 17,500. Despite the fact that the strains were cultured from 4 different sheep flocks and belonged to serogroup A or B, the SDS‐PAGE profiles of the strains were very similar. When boiled (100 °C) extracts were used, a band migrating at 32,500 in sheep strains and a band at 97,500 in the calf isolate were missing. Most of the bands obtained by SDS‐PAGE could be identified also by the immunoblot procedure. A or B type specificity of the ovine isolates was due to an LPS fraction, migrating at approx. 21,000, while the other LPS fractions appearing under this region although reacted with antisera did not influence the type specificity. Using alkaline extracts (pH 12) in SDS‐PAGE, LPS fractions gave more pronounced profiles.

In two of our C. fetus subsp. fetus isolates, plasmids with a molecular mass of 31,500 were identified.
The Barren Camel with Endometritis — Isolation of Trichomonas Fetus and Different Bacteria
Authors: Wernery U.
Published: May 2010

This study constitutes the first reported isolation of Trichomonas fetus from the uterus of breeding camels. Twenty‐four of 68 camels, which were barren for 1–4 years were found to be positive for T. fetus. One preputial washing of a camel bull which had served the herd was found to be positive for T. fetus. The uterine flora of all camels were examined. Ten different bacterial and 2 fungal species were isolated. All samples were negative for Campylobacter sp., Taylorella equigenitalis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus.
Contribution to the Prophylaxis of Chicks Aspergillosis: Study of the Contamination of a Hatchery by Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Hamet Nicole , Seigle‐Murandi Françoise , Steiman Régine
Published: May 2010

Contamination of a hatchery by Aspergillus fumigatus has been studied for 8 weeks from eggs to day old chicks.

We have shown that the contamination of the hatchery originates on the egg shell and that each time the eggs are manipulated, spores of Aspergillus fumigatus are thrown into suspension in the air.

Thus it seems necessary to bring eggs with as few as possible spores of Aspergillus fumigatus on their shell into the hatchery. Prophylaxis of aspergillosis should be foreseen from the conception of the hatchery: the ventilation system and the internal lay‐out should be designed to prevent dispersion and accumulation of Aspergillus fumigatus spores during the processing of the eggs through the hatchery.
Growth ofStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcusSpecies in Bovine Mammary Secretions During the Nonlactating and Peripartum Periods Following Intramammary Infusion of Lipopolysaccharide at Cessation of Milking
Authors: Oliver S. P.
Published: May 2010

The objective was to determine if induced mammary inflammation at cessation of milking influenced growth of gram‐positive mastitis pathogens in mammary secretions, particularly during early involution. Growth of all mastitis pathogens evaluated was similar in cell‐free fat‐free mammary secretions from LPS‐infused and control glands. These data indicate that intramammary infusion of LPS at cessation of milking did not alter growth of gram‐positive mastitis pathogens in mammary secretion during the nonlactating period.

Stage of lactation and the nonlactating period influenced bacterial growth and marked differences between bacteria and among strains of a bacterial species were observed.Staphylococcus aureusgrew well in secretions collected during late lactation, but growth decreased during early‐ and mid‐involution and increased again in secretions obtained near parturition.Streptococcus agalactiaeandStrep. uberisgrew better in mammary secretion obtained during involution than in secretions collected during late or early lactation.Streptococcus dysgalactiaegrew well in mammary secretions at all time periods. These data demonstrate the variability of mastitis pathogen growth during physiologic transitions of the bovine udder.
Slime Capsule and Fimbriae on Salmonella typhimurium var. cop. ‐ Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Grund S.
Published: May 2010

On Salmonella typhimurium var. cop. we found, under special culture conditions, on the same cell simultaneously fimbriae and mucoid material which was histochemically identified as an acid mucopolysaccharide. Membrane vesicles or invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane are mentioned as a possible place of the slime production and the function of the glycocalyx is discussed regarding tenacity, as a diffusion barrier and attachment factor.
Genomic Distribution of a Serotype 1‐Specific Antigen‐Coding DNA Fragment ofPasteurella Haemolytica
Authors: Gonzalez Cynthia , Murtaugh M. P. , Maheswaran S. K.
Published: May 2010

A genomic fragment ofPasteurella haemolyticabiotype A coding for a serotype 1‐specific agglutinating antigen was used as a probe in a series of hybridization experiments to determine distribution of the fragment in variousP. haemolyticaserotypes as well as other bacteria. Results showed presence of the fragment in seven out of the 12 serotypes tested, all of which belonged to biotype A. Two other serotypes belonging to biotype A, all three serotypes belonging to biotype T, twoPasteurella multocidaisolates andEscherichia colidid not have the fragment in their genome. Thus the expression of theP. haemolyticabiotype A serotype 1‐specific agglutinating antigen (PHA1SAA) seems to be due to serotype‐specific regulation of protein expression rather than to genetic deletion. Differences in methylation of the PHA1SAA‐coding fragment was also noted inDpnlandSau3Algenomic DNA digests from the various serotypes analyzed by Southern blot. However, no apparent correlation was observed between methylation and PHA1SAA expression.E. coliwith a recombinant plasmid containing a homologous genomic fragment derived fromP. haemolyticaserotype 2 also expressed PHA1SAA.
Isolement d'un Adénovirus Responsable d'un Cas de Pancréatite chez la Pintade
Authors: Kles Virginie , Morin M. , Plassiart G. , Guittet Michèle , Bennejean G.
Published: May 2010

Isolation of an adenovirus involved in a guinea poult pancreatitis outbreak

Necrotizing pancreatitis is observed in 2 to 4 week‐old guinea poult. Virus isolation was attempted from the pancreata of naturally affected birds. The isolate was identified as a type 1 adenovirus, and it reproduced the disease when inoculated to sensible guinea fowl.

La pancréatite nécrosante du pintadeau atteint des animaux âgés de 2 à 4 semaines. A partir d'organes prélevés sur pintadeaux naturellement infectés, l'isolement d'un adénovirus aviaire du groupe 1 a été réalisé. Ce virus inoculé sur pintadeaux sensibles reproduit les symptômes et lésions caractéristiques de la maladie.
The Occurrence of Streptothricosis and its Association with Amblyomma variegatum ticks in St. Lucia
Authors: Morrow A. N. , Compton E. A. E.
Published: May 2010

Cattle, horses, sheep and goats in all areas of St. Lucia were examined to ascertain the prevalence and distribution of streptothricosis on the island and to investigate its association with the occurrence of Amblyomma variegatum ticks. Although the disease was found to occur throughout St. Lucia it was more prevalent and generally of a more severe form in areas where A. variegatum ticks are present. A tick control programme in the North of the island appeared to have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of the disease.
The Helminth Fauna of the Common Seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina, Linné, 1758) from the Wadden Sea in Lower Saxony Part 1: Trematodes, cestodes and acantocephala
Authors: Strauss V. , Claussen D. , Jäger Martina , Ising Susanne , Schnieder T. , Stoye M.
Published: May 2010

Between August 1988 and January 1989 110 common seals found dead along the coast of Lower Saxony were investigated for the occurrence of trematodes, cestodes and acantocephala. Two fluke species, Cryptocotyle lingua Creplin, 1825 and Phagicola septentrionalis Van den Broek, 1967, two tapeworm species Diphyllobothrium cordatum Leuckart, 1863 and Diphyllobothrium elegans Krabbe, 1865, and the acanthocephala species Corynosoma strumosum Rudolphi, 1802 were found. Phagicola septentrionalis and the cestodes were always found together with Cryptocotyle lingua. The prevalence of Phagicola septentrionalis, the diphyllobothriids and the acanthocephala increased with increasing age of the pinniped host. The worm counts of all species appeared to increase with increasing age of the host. The adult male seals were more often infested with Phagicola septentrionalis and cestodes than the female adults and the younger pinnipeds. There was no correlation between blubber thickness of the seals and parasitic infection. The prevalence of the diphyllobothriids and the intensity of the infection with acanthocephala were higher in seals found in the eastern part of the Wadden Sea.
Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Leyán V. , Norambuena L. , Mena Marianela , Folch H. , Esquivel P.
Published: May 2010

The early steps of thyroid damage in experimentally induced autoimmune thyroiditis in mice were studied.

Mice were immunized with 150μg of rat thyroglobulin followed by 20 μg of bacterial LPS 3h later on day 0 and 7. Thyroid glands were obtained on days 14, 21 and 28 in order to be studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunocytochemical techniques.

The initial lesion was a focal inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and lympho‐blasts, and plasma cells as the damage progressed. In some cases an increase in neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils was also seen. The infiltrate became multifocal and eventually diffuse and in few cases germinal center‐like structures were seen. The cellular infiltrate corresponded to IgG, IgM and IgA bearing B cells and to a lesser degree Thy 1.2, Lyt 1 and Lyt 2 bearing T cells. Follicular alterations corresponded to different degenerative states of the follicular cells that in some cases was seen without the participation of lymphoid cells. Another mechanism observed was the migration of small lymphoid cells and plasma cells between the follicular cells.
Characterization of a New Fimbrial Antigen Present in Escherichia coli strains Isolated from Calves*
Authors: Varga J.
Published: May 2010

Thirteen Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves with diarrhoea, supposed to carry a common antigen were examined for their hemagglutinating activity and compared by bacterial agglutination, double diffusion in two dimensions and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Two of the strains were examined also in the electron microscope. Most of the strains agglutinated red blood cells of horse, ox, guinea pig and chicken, of which the agglutination of ox erythrocytes was mannose‐resistant (MRHA). None of the strains agglutinated human erythrocytes. All strains with MRHA of ox red blood cells, regardless to their O: K: H antigens could be agglutinated in unabsorbed or absorbed antisera produced against cultures C1209 (020: K‐: H9) and C1213 (09: K36: H‐) when live cells as antigens were used. None of these sera agglutinated reference strains carrying K88, K99, 987P, F41 or FY (Att25) antigen respectively. By the double gel diffusion test and by CIE in extracts (60°C) of the strains a common heat labile antigen, responsible for the MRHA of ox red blood cells was identified. Electron microscopy revealed that this common antigen was represented by thin, long, hair‐like fimbriae on cells of E. coli C1213, and that specific homologous antibodies attached to these fimbriae.
In situ Hybridization for the Demonstration of Bovine Leukemia Virus Transcripts in Lymphosarcoma Cells Using Biotinylated Probes
Authors: Okada Kosuke , Hosokawa Yohei , Aida Yoko , Ohshima Kan‐Ichi
Published: May 2010

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) RNA was demonstrated in peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin from a BLV‐infected ox, and in lymphosarcoma cells cultured without mitogen from an enzootic bovine leukosis cow by in situ hybridization using biotinylated DNA probes.
Vergleich zwischen Protein‐A‐Reinigung und kombinierter Octansäure‐Ammoniumsulfatfällung zur Gewinnung von Kaninchen‐Immunglobulin
Authors: Polten B. M. , Jiménez C. , Schliesser Th.
Published: May 2010

Comparative study of a chromatographic (Protein A column) and a non‐chromatographic procedure (octanic acid‐ammoniumsulphate‐precipitation) for concentration of immunoglobulin in rabbit‐antiserum

For purifying immunoglobulins from rabbit‐antisera the method of McKinney and Parkinson (octanicacid‐ammoniumsulfat‐precipitation) gave comparable results to chromatography using a Protein A column.

Am Beispiel der Reinigung eines Kaninchen‐Immunserums zeigte sich, daß mit einer kombinierten Oktansäure‐Ammoniumsulfatfällung ein vergleichbarer Reinigungseffekt zu erzielen war, wie mit der üblichen aber aufwendigeren chromatographischen Reinigung mittels einer Protein‐A‐Säule.
Selective Medium Containing Fosfomycin, Nalidixic Acid, and Culture Supernatant ofRbodococcus equifor Isolation ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Zhao H.‐K. , Hiramune T. , Kikuchi N. , Yanagawa R. , Ito S. , Hatta T. , Serikawa S. , Oe Yosiko
Published: May 2010

FNR medium containing fosfomycin, nalidixic acid, bovine blood and culture supernatant ofRhodococcus equiwas prepared by the present authors, and the medium did not inhibit growth ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisbut completely hampered the growth ofBacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, andEscherichia coli. The culture supernatant ofR.equifacilitated detection of suspected colonies ofC. pseudotuberculosisdue to synergistic hemolysis. Rate of isolation of the organisms (from the trachea, larynx and nasal cavity of 16 slaughtered sheep with caseous abscess in the lung) was higher with FNR, the selective medium, than with nonselective medium. The selective medium was thus found to be useful for isolation ofC. pseudotuberculosisfrom sheep.
Cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylosis in Dairy Goats in Northern Norway
Authors: Handeland K. , Sparboe O.
Published: May 2010

Ten carcasses and three vertebral columns from north Norwegian dairy goats, which had been killed due to clinical signs of severe neurologic disease, were received for necropsy.

Pathological examination revealed nematodes and nematode ova in the central nervous system (CNS) of nine goats. Worms found by gross examination were identified as Elaphostrongylus rangiferi Mitskevich, 1960. Focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, apparently caused by migrating worms, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic leptomeningitis and perineural infiltrations and granulomas, could be demonstrated in CNS sections from all 13 animals examined.

Clinical signs reported were initial pruritus followed by motor weakness, lameness, paresis, reduced vision, circling, abnormal head position, bulging eyes and scoliosis.

The disease occurred from September to January in regions with a considerable migrant reindeer population. It was concluded that the reported outbreaks of neurologic disease represented seasonal occurrence of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis caused by Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, the elaphostron‐gyloid nematode of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).
Clinical, Post Mortem and Virological Findings after Simultaneous Inoculation of Pigs with Hog Cholera and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
Authors: Dahle J. , Moennig V. , Coulibaly C. O. Z. , Liess B.
Published: May 2010

The clinical course, post mortem lesions as well as virological and serological results after simultaneous intranasal inoculation of pigs with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and hog cholera virus (HCV) are described. Five groups of four weaners received constant doses of BVDV strain OSLOSS/2482 and tenfold decreasing doses of HCV strain ALFORT/187. Doses of 1,000 and 100 TCID50 of HCV in groups A and B of pigs led to fever and severe clinical signs in all animals of two groups, whereas at higher dilution of inoculum two, three or four animals survived without any clinical signs in the respective groups (C ‐ E). Leucocyte samples taken from febrile animals and from normal pigs on five consecutive days were inoculated into both fetal calf kidney (FCK) and PK(15) cell cultures. Virus isolates were differentiated with BVDV and HCV specific monoclonal antibodies. HCV viraemia was detected in febrile animals exclusively, and BVDV viraemia occurred in not affected animals on days 3 to 7 post inoculation. Neutralizing antibodies (nab) against BVDV appeared before HCV nab in surviving animals of groups C and D after receiving low doses of HCV (10 or 1 TCID50). No BVDV nab were detected in group E that had received such a high dilution of HCV in addition to BVDV that theoretically no HCV was applied.
Further Investigations on Pasteurella multocida Infections in Feral Birds Injured by Cats
Authors: Korbel R. , Gerlach H. , Bisgaard M. , Hafez H. M.
Published: May 2010

A total of 64 Pasteurella multocida strains (46 out of 11 different feral bird species, partly injured by cat bites, and 18 strains originating from clinically healthy cats) were biochemically differentiated. As a result, 67.4% of the strains from feral birds and 61.1 % from the cats were classified as the subspecies multocida, whilst 21.7% and 27.8% were identified as the subspecies septica. The percentage of frequency for both the subspecies was of a comparable order of magnitude from the birds injured by cat bites and from cats (58.6% and 61.1 %, 24.1 % and 27.8% resp.), whereas the frequency from other feral birds differed considerably (82.4% and 17.6%). Maltose‐positive strains were only demonstrable in birds with wounds inflicted by cats. To date, maltose‐positive strains have only been obtained from one cat and one human being with an injury caused by a cat. The results of this investigation confirm the possibility of the direct transmission of Pasteurella multocida via cat bites. 19 strains from feral birds and 15 strains from cats were tested for their capability to produce toxins. The results of these tests were negative. The present paper also describes the pathologic‐anatomical and histopathological lesions caused by the infection in feral birds.
Investigations on Course and Outcome of Phocine Distemper Virus Infection in Harbour Seals (Phoca Vitulina) Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Harder T. C. , Willhaus Theda , Leibold W. , Liess B.
Published: May 2010

The influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on phocine distemper virus (PDV) infections in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) was studied. Six out of ten seals had been conditioned with a defined mixture of PCB‐congeneres for several weeks. Following exposure to the cell culture‐propagated PDV isolate 2558/Han88 the complete clinical picture of “1988 seal plague” was provoked in all ten seals inoculated. Four out of six PCB‐conditioned seals and two out of four seals not loaded with PCBs succumbed to the infection within three weeks post inoculation. With regard to the clinical course, duration of cell‐associated viremia, PDV‐antigen distribution in tissues of fatally infected seals and the humoral immune response to PDV no differences between PCB‐loaded and unloaded seals were recognized. Evidence was obtained that the pathogenesis of experimental PDV‐infection in harbour seals shares some features with those of canine distemper in terrestrial carnivores. In contrast, however, to experimental distemper infection of gnotobiotic dogs prompt development of high titres of PDV‐specific IgG did not correlate with recovery from infection.
An Immunoblotting Procedure for Detection of Antibodies against Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle
Authors: Grover Y. P. , Guillemain B.
Published: May 2010

A sensitive protein immunoblotting (Western blot) procedure has been developed for detecting anti‐BLV antibodies in cattle sera. The antibodies against most of the major viral proteins could be detected. This procedure does not give any non‐specific background staining and there is absence of any erroneous results due to utilisation of purified viral preparations. The procedure has been applied for detection of antibodies to BLV in a set of 74 sera samples and it has been compared with other commonly used serological tests like ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion test.
Fimbriae and Membranes on Haemophilus parasuis
Authors: Münch S. , Grund S. , Krüger M.
Published: May 2010

In the electron microscope an additional layer (glycocalix) of the cell wall and fimbriae on Haemophilus parasuis were shown in thin sections of the infected CAM which have their origin on the CM of the Haemophilus parasuis‐cells. No fimbriation was seen after conventional cultivation.