bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse design of a vanadium dioxide based dynamic structural color via conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Dai Peng , Sun Kai , Muskens Otto L. , de Groot C. H. , Huang Ruomeng
Published: August 2022

Dynamic structural color provides an additional time dimension in
contrast to the static one, enriching the information load and
functionalities. As a phase change material, vanadium dioxide offers
great opportunities to implement dynamic structural color as its
insulator-metal transition. Nevertheless, the multiple states also
place a barrier to the efficient design of the structure
configurations. This work firstly reports the dynamic structural color
inverse design of asymmetric Fabry-Pérot cavity through a
parameter-based conditional generative adversarial networks approach.
The proposed structure attains a gamut as large as 117% of sRGB in the
insulator state and can produce a 5% color coverage variation
via the phase change of VO2 layer. By
using the trained conditional generative adversarial networks, the
inverse design accuracy with the average color difference ΔE of 0.98
is achieved. A monochromatic pattern is designed by the trained
networks to demonstrate different color dynamics of the various
structures.
High-frequency enhanced response based on Sb2Te3 topological insulators
Authors: Zhang Shi , Shi Chaofan , Tang Weiwei , Zhang Libo , Han Li , Yang Chengsen , Zhang Zhengyang , Wang Jian , Cai Miao , Li Guanhai , Liu Changlong , Wang Lin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: August 2022

Topological insulators represent a new quantum phase of matter with spin-polarized surface states that are protected from backscattering, exhibiting electronic responses to light, such as topological quantum phase transitions. However, the effects of high-frequency driving topological intrinsic systems have remained largely unexplored challenges experimentally for high-sensitivity terahertz detection. In this study, by integrating

Sb

2

Te

3

topological insulators with subwavelength metal antennas through micro-nano processing, a high-frequency terahertz detector with high sensitivity is proposed. The enhanced response originates from the asymmetric scattering of the surface electrons in the

Sb

2

Te

3

flakes induced by the terahertz wave. The device displays room-temperature photodetection with a responsivity of 192 mA/W and equivalent noise power of less than

0.35
  

nW
/
Hz

1
/
2

in the frequency range from 0.02 to 0.3 THz. These results pave the way for the exploitation of topological insulators for high-frequency operation in real-time imaging within long-wavelength optoelectronics.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California, Mexico: Findings from a community-based survey in February 2021 in the Mexico-United States border
Authors: Zazueta Oscar E. , Garfein Richard S. , Cano-Torres J. Oggun , Méndez-Lizárraga César A. , Rodwell Timothy C. , Muñiz-Salazar Raquel , Ovalle-Marroquín Diego F. , Yee Neiba G. , Serafín-Higuera Idanya Rubí , González-Reyes Susana , Machado-Contreras Jesus Rene , Horton Lucy E. , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Rodríguez Ruth , Hill Linda , Bojórquez-Chapela Ietza
Published: August 2022

Between March 2020 and February 2021, the state of Baja California, Mexico, which borders the United States, registered 46,118 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 238.2 deaths per 100,000 residents. Given limited access to testing, the population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the three most populous cities of Baja California prior to scale-up of a national COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Probabilistic three-stage clustered sampling was used to conduct a population-based household survey of residents five years and older in the three cities. RT-PCR testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was determined by IgG antibody testing using fingerstick blood samples. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding COVID-19. In total, 1,126 individuals (unweighted sample) were surveyed across the three cities. Overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR was 7.8% (95% CI 5.5–11.0) and IgG seroprevalence was 21.1% (95% CI 17.4–25.2). There was no association between border crossing in the past 6 months and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (unadjusted OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.12–1.30). While face mask use and frequent hand washing were common among participants, quarantine or social isolation at home to prevent infection was not. Regarding vaccination willingness, 30.4% (95% CI 24.4–3 7.1) of participants said they were very unlikely to get vaccinated. Given the high prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection in Baja California at the end of the first year of the pandemic, combined with its low seroprevalence and the considerable proportion of vaccine hesitancy, this important area along the Mexico-United States border faces major challenges in terms of health literacy and vaccine uptake, which need to be further explored, along with its implications for border restrictions in future epidemics.
A CRISPR-Cas12a-based diagnostic method for multiple genotypes of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
Authors: Park Bum Ju , Yoo Jeong Rae , Heo Sang Taek , Kim Misun , Lee Keun Hwa , Song Yoon-Jae
Published: August 2022

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection is commonly reported in countries of Northeast Asia including China, Japan and South Korea. The majority of the SFTS patients are elderly and the average fatality rate is more than 10%. A rapid and sensitive diagnostic method to monitor and prevent SFTSV transmission remains an urgent clinical challenge. In this study, we developed a molecular diagnostic technique for detection of SFTSV using the CRISPR-Cas12a system combined with reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA). Using this method, we successfully diagnosed SFTSV infections with the reaction time of 50 min from blood plasma without cross-reactivity to other viruses, supporting its application for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of SFTS.
Barriers and facilitators to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) practices in Southern Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Tseole Nkeka P. , Mindu Tafadzwa , Kalinda Chester , Chimbari Moses J.
Published: August 2022

A healthy and a dignified life experience requires adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) coverage. However, inadequate WaSH resources remain a significant public health challenge in many communities in Southern Africa. A systematic search of peer-reviewed journal articles from 2010 –May 2022 was undertaken on Medline, PubMed, EbscoHost and Google Scholar from 2010 to May 2022 was searched using combinations of predefined search terms with Boolean operators. Eighteen peer-reviewed articles from Southern Africa satisfied the inclusion criteria for this review. The general themes that emerged for both barriers and facilitators included geographical inequalities, climate change, investment in WaSH resources, low levels of knowledge on water borne-diseases and ineffective local community engagement. Key facilitators to improved WaSH practices included improved WaSH infrastructure, effective local community engagement, increased latrine ownership by individual households and the development of social capital. Water and sanitation are critical to ensuring a healthy lifestyle. However, many people and communities in Southern Africa still lack access to safe water and improved sanitation facilities. Rural areas are the most affected by barriers to improved WaSH facilities due to lack of WaSH infrastructure compared to urban settings. Our review has shown that, the current WaSH conditions in Southern Africa do not equate to the improved WaSH standards described in SDG 6 on ensuring access to water and sanitation for all. Key barriers to improved WaSH practices identified include rurality, climate change, low investments in WaSH infrastructure, inadequate knowledge on water-borne illnesses and lack of community engagement.
Biodegradable microneedle patch for delivery of meloxicam for managing pain in cattle
Authors: Castilla-Casadiego David A. , Miranda-Muñoz Katherine A. , Roberts Jesse L. , Crowell Anne D. , Gonzalez-Nino David , Choudhury Dipankar , Aparicio-Solis Frank O. , Servoss Shannon L. , Rosales Adrianne M. , Prinz Gary , Zou Min , Zhang Yuntao , Coetzee Johann F. , Greenlee Lauren F. , Powell Jeremy , Almodovar Jorge
Published: August 2022

Microneedle patches are a promising source for transdermal diffusion of macromolecules and are designed to painlessly penetrate the skin. In this study, a biodegradable chitosan microneedle patch to deliver meloxicam for managing pain in cattle was tested. The potential of reuse of the polymeric solution to fabricate the patches, optimization of fabrication, morphological analysis of the microneedle patch and analysis of preservation of the chemical composition after sterilization were evaluated. In-vitro analysis consisted of studying in-vitro penetration mechanical properties, compression testing analysis of microneedle patch, and in-vitro drug release analysis. In-vivo studies were performed to analyze the dissolution capability of the microneedle patch. Results regarding the physical characteristics, chemical composition, and mechanical properties confirmed that rheological properties of the chitosan solution, present significant differences over time, demonstrating that reusing the solution on the fourth day results in failure patches. Morphological characteristics and chemical composition studies revealed that the process of sterilization (ethylene oxide gas) needed for implanting the patches into the skin did not affect the properties of microneedle patches. In-vitro studies showed that approximately 33.02 ± 3.88% of the meloxicam was released over 7 days. A full penetration of the microneedles into the skin can be obtained by applying approximately 3.2 N. In-vivo studies demonstrated that microneedle patches were capable of swelling and dissolving, exhibiting a dissolution percentage of more than 50% of the original height of microneedle after 7 days. No abnormal tissue, swelling, or inflammation was observed in the implanted area. The results of this work show that chitosan biodegradable microneedle patches may be useful to deliver meloxicam to improve pain management of cattle with positive effects for commercial manufacturing.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONFINEMENT EFFECT ON THE BOND STRENGTH RECOVERY IN THE DEFECTIVE GROUTED SLEEVE CONNECTION
Authors: Kahama Espoir , Fuzhe Xie , Aden Ali Abdulkadir , Illo Faisal Iliasu
Published: August 2022

Defects emanating from the onsite operation of the grouted sleeve connector have a significant impact on the ultimate tensile capacity of the connector. In this research, an experiment on the capacity of the fully grouted sleeve connector considering different configurations of defects was carried out. The experiment results indicated that the connector is highly sensitive to the location of the defects, which engenders a drop of 15% in the ultimate capacity of the connector. Based on the accurate simulation of the experiment model, a series of parametric analyses were conducted to evaluate the interaction of defects with other mechanical properties of the connector. It was found that the different values of the ratio of the sleeve diameter to that of the bar within the design recommended interval significantly influence the connection's performance. The lowest ratio value engenders approximately 10% to 16% of tensile strength recovery in the weakened configuration, while a bigger ratio value engenders a decline in the capacity. This work proposes the incorporation of a safety constant in the average bond expression.
Development of a Cyberbullying Prevention Program Using a Noncontact Way for Middle School Students
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Min Hye , Nam Sun Ae , Choi Jiyoung
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a prevention program for cyberbullying using a noncontact way for middle school students and verify its effects.
Methods: For the study a four-step process of the program development was performed including goal setting, theoretical review, pilot study, and program execution and amendments .In the first step of the goal setting, the program was planned and a demand analysis was performed in the subjects with three teachers and three school counselors so as to amend and reestablish the goal. In the second step of program organization, multiple activities were designed in the program from theoretical reviews.
In the third step, the program was amended and supplemented upon the experts’ reviews and collection of the study subjects’ opinions to verify the pilot study, resulting in the program possessing a total of eight cycles. The fourth step, the step of program execution and amendments, resulted in the final program being completed with amendments. The study’s subjects were 11 middle school students and the program was executed to verify the effects. The data of the study subjects’ changes regarding the acceptability of cyberbullying were processed by matching sample t-test, and a qualitative analysis was performed with the experience reports and review reports of the participants in each cycle.
Results: As a result, the level of cyberbullying acceptability after the test significantly decreased compared to that in the pilot study. In the comparisons of perception of cyberbullying between the 1st and 7th classes, the concept that anyone could be a victim or attacker was developed. Through the qualitative analysis with each class outcomes and review reports,19 concepts of psychological experiences, six topics, and three changing processes were developed. The changing processes after the program participation showed the following” first, students’ perceptions were changed with ‘violence behavior without acknowledgment’ and ‘newly understood fear of cyberbullying,’ clearly understanding cyberbullying as violent behavior causing psychological agony; second, they recognized after the program participation that even with ‘changes in the cyberspace’ and ‘shield of victim’ that they were still responsible even though they were not attackers, and their attitudes were changed to not being bystanders or sympathizers; third, students’ reactions were changed in a variety of educational areas including ‘I change first’ and ‘developing reaction plans’ should be performed to protect the victims from attackers and eliminate cyberbullying.
Conclusion: The study results suggest educational implications to develop an education program for cyberbullying. The results will also help pre-service teachers, teachers, and parents to prevent and cope with students' cyberbullying.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy for the assessment of early-stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced in rats by a high-fat diet
Authors: Pantaleão Antonio Carlos Soares , de Castro Marcio Pinto , Meirelles Araujo Krishynan Shanty Fernandes , Campos Carlos Frederico Ferreira , da Silva André Luiz Alves , Manso José Eduardo Ferreira , Machado João Carlos
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to diagnose the initial stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rat model.Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated to control or experimental groups. A high-fat diet (HFD) with 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol, resembling a common Western diet, was fed to animals in the experimental groups for up to 16 weeks; those in the control group received a regular diet. A 21 MHz UBM system was used to acquire B-mode images at specific times: baseline (T0), 10 weeks (T10), and 16 weeks (T16). The sonographic hepatorenal index (SHRI), based on the average ultrasound image gray-level intensities from the liver parenchyma and right renal cortex, was determined at T0, T10, and T16. The liver specimen histology was classified using the modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network NAFLD activity scoring system.Results: The livers in the animals in the experimental groups progressed from sinusoidal congestion and moderate macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis to moderate steatosis and frequent hepatocyte ballooning. The SHRI obtained in the experimental group animals at T10 and T16 was significantly different from the SHRI of pooled control group. No significant difference existed between the SHRI in animals receiving HFD between T10 and T16.Conclusion: SHRI measurement using UBM may be a promising noninvasive tool to characterize early-stage NAFLD in rat models.
Application of the postnatal urinary tract dilation classification system to predict the need for surgical intervention among neonates and young infants
Authors: Hwang Jisun , Kim Pyeong Hwa , Yoon Hee Mang , Song Sang Hoon , Jung Ah Young , Lee Jin Seong , Cho Young Ah
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system by correlating it with the need for surgical intervention.Methods: Young infants who underwent ultrasound (US) examinations for prenatal hydronephrosis were retrospectively identified. The kidney units (KUs; right, left, or bilateral) were graded from UTD P0 (very low risk) to P3 (high risk) based on seven US criteria from the UTD system. Surgery-free survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis clustered by patients was performed. Interobserver agreement was analyzed using the weighted kappa coefficient.Results: In total, 504 KUs from 336 patients (mean age, 18.3±15.9 days; range, 1 to 94 days; males, n=276) were included, with a median follow-up of 24.2 months. Fifty-eight KUs underwent surgical intervention. Significant differences were observed among the Kaplan-Meier curves stratified into UTD groups (P<0.001). The presence of anterior-posterior renal pelvic diameter ≥15 mm (hazard ratio [HR], 8.602; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.558 to 43.065), peripheral calyceal dilation (HR, 8.190; 95% CI, 1.558 to 43.065), ureteral dilation (HR, 2.619; 95% CI, 1.274 to 5.380), parenchymal thickness abnormality (HR, 3.371; 95% CI, 1.574 to 7.223), bladder abnormality (HR, 12.209; 95% CI, 3.616 to 41.225) were significantly associated with the occurrence of surgery. The interobserver agreement was moderate to almost perfect agreement for US features (κ=0.564-0.898) and substantial for final UTD grades (κ=0.716).Conclusion: The UTD classification system is reliable and appropriately stratifies the risk of surgical intervention.
Recóndito Etkin
Authors: Rodríguez Edgardo José
Published: August 2022

En este trabajo se analiza estructuralmente la obra Recóndita armonía (1987) de Mariano Etkin (1943-2016) y el marco estético que la circundó a partir de los escritos del compositor de la misma época. En el estudio se sostiene que las oposiciones estético-técnicas que se pueden colegir de ellos (por ejemplo: linealidad-no linealidad, ser-estar, forma dialéctica-forma espacializada) no tienen un correlato directo en la obra, en la que, por el contrario, la continuidad orgánica de las alturas y las discontinuidades rítmicas están integradas en distintos niveles de la estructura.
Yupanki: la ópera de temática incaica de Aturo Berutti. avances en su estudio documental
Authors: Pontoriero Ana Cristina , Portillo Ana Maria , Vega María Soledad
Published: August 2022

A partir del estudio de las fuentes verbales y musicales disponibles y dispersas en distintos repositorios, ofrecemos la actualización del estado de conocimiento de Yupanki (1899), ópera en tres actos con música de Arturo Berutti y libreto de Enrique Rodríguez Larreta con traducción al italiano de Giuseppe Tarnassi. Yupanki fue una de las primeras óperas de temática indigenista que se llevó a escena en nuestro país. Desde la etapa heurística y crítica del método histórico, este trabajo permite acercarnos a los albores de la temática indigenista en la ópera argentina y contextualizarla culturalmente. El libreto impreso, recientemente localizado, se constituye en fuente de conocimiento fundamental. Analizamos las mediaciones del libreto desde la leyenda que le dio origen hasta su traducción al italiano. Damos cuenta de los resultados obtenidos de una primera confrontación de las fuentes disponibles para aportar a un posterior análisis que nos aproxime al estilo compositivo de Arturo Berutti.
Brother against Brother: Early Refutation of Wahhabism by 18th-century Hanbalis Scholars
Authors: Fata Badrus Samsul , Ismail Idznursham
Published: August 2022

Since its rise in the 18th century, Wahhabism has been a source of intergenerational controversies among sunnī madhabī scholars (Hanafi, Maliki, and Shafi’i schools) and even among respected Hanbali scholars themselves. Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhāb’s fatwas have drawn sharp critiques and refutations by Hanbali scholars, particularly those regarding tawḥīd ulūhiyyah which justifies declaring others as infidel-apostates (kāfir murtad). Other contested fatwas include those on Muslim practices of seeking blessings (tabarruk), seeking intermediaries (tawaṣṣul), visiting graves (ziyārah), and seeking help (istighāthah). Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhāb and his followers have theologically deemed these practices as shirk al-akbar (a major form of idolatry) and have proclaimed his early Wahhabism as the true successor to the manhaj of Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. This article portrays the refutations and rebuttals by Hanbali scholars of Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Wahhāb and his early Wahhabism based on primary sources. Specifically, this article describes the theological examination of and challenges against Wahhabism by 18th-century Hanbali scholars such as Shaykh al-Qāḍī Sulaimān bin ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Najdī al-Ḥanbalī in Al-Ṣawā‘iq al-Ilāhiyyah fī al-Radd ‘alā al-Wahhābiyyah. The findings show that 18th-century Hanbali scholars urge a discontinuity of early Wahhabism's theological concepts from major Hanbali schools on the contested fatwas.
GERAKAN KOMUNIS DALAM SAREKAT ISLAM DI SURAKARTA TAHUN 1918-1926 M
Authors: Fanani Muhammad Farih , Maimunah Siti
Published: August 2022

Abstract: In the early 1920s, the Sarekat Islam as an organization Islam had the influence from the communists. Communism in Sarekat Islam (SI) has almost had an even impact from the CSI to Local SI. It is a clash between two different ideologies. Communist entry into SI can also be felt in Surakarta. In Surakarta communist movement activity was represented by H. Misbach. He played a major role in instilling communist ideology through the newspapers, Medan Moeslimin and Islam Bergerak. However, Misbach has a different view of communism. As a person who was born and raised in a religious environment, he tried to find a middle ground between the religion he believed in and his support for communism. Misbach developed the idea of Islamic communism. The idea sought to harmonize and find common ground between Islam and communism.Abstrak: Pada awal 1920-an, Sarekat Islam sebagai organisasi Islam mendapat pengaruh dari komunis. Komunisme dalam Sarekat Islam (SI) hampir berdampak merata dari CSI ke SI Lokal. Ini adalah benturan antara dua ideologi yang berbeda. Masuknya komunis ke SI juga terasa di Surakarta. Di Surakarta kegiatan gerakan komunis diwakili oleh H. Misbach. Ia berperan besar dalam menanamkan ideologi komunis melalui surat kabar Medan Moeslimin dan Islam Bergerak. Namun, Misbach memiliki pandangan berbeda tentang komunisme. Sebagai orang yang lahir dan besar di lingkungan yang religius, ia berusaha mencari jalan tengah antara agama yang diyakininya dan dukungannya terhadap komunisme. Misbach mengembangkan gagasan komunisme Islam. Idenya berusaha untuk mengharmoniskan dan menemukan titik temu antara Islam dan komunisme.
RELASI INTELEKTUAL MINANGKABAU DENGAN MESIR AWAL ABAD XX
Authors: Fitri Rahmi Nur
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Egypt was the initiator of modernist Islam in the early twentieth century. The euphoria of this wave got to Minangkabau. The alteration center of Islamic studies had shifted the interest of previously oriented to Mecca. This process of gradual displacement increased interrelational thought strongly. Social interaction and various similarities in facing the West as a challenges fostered the spirit of Islamic revitaliton which came from Egypt. The awakening flowed into Minang lands. The offering of the concepts of Egyptian modernism then aroused the fire of modernization of intellectualism in Minangkabau. In addition, in the early twentieth century, Minangkabau youth dominated the number of students from Dutch East Indies. Majority of them became reformers upon their return to Minangkabau.Abstrak: Mesir adalah penggagas Islam modernis pada awal abad ke-20. Euforia gelombang ini sampai ke Minangkabau. Perubahan pusat studi Islam telah menggeser minat yang sebelumnya berorientasi ke Mekkah. Proses perpindahan bertahap ini meningkatkan pemikiran interrelasional dengan kuat. Interaksi sosial dan berbagai kesamaan dalam menghadapi Barat sebagai tantangan menumbuhkan semangat revitalisasi Islam yang datang dari Mesir. Kebangkitan mengalir ke tanah Minang. Tawaran konsep-konsep modernisme Mesir kemudian membangkitkan api modernisasi intelektualisme di Minangkabau. Selain itu, pada awal abad ke-20, pemuda Minangkabau mendominasi jumlah pelajar dari Hindia Belanda. Sebagian besar dari mereka menjadi reformis sekembalinya mereka ke Minangkabau.
MODIN: PELAYAN UMAT & PENJAGA TRADISI
Authors: Muhsin Imam
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The development of Islam in a region cannot be separated from the role of local figures. In addition to being a supporter for Islamic da'wah, he also contributed to the color of Islam that developed in the region. One of the local figures was modin. Modin is a highly respected and respected figure, and has a considerable influence for rural communities. Beside it, modin is also a very famous figure among the villagers. The popularity of this local figure certainly can not be separated from his duties and responsibilities that are in direct contact with the pulse of village life. Most of the entire life cycle of a person from pre-birth to post-deathcan not bereleased from the duties and roles of a modin. Mbah Ahmad Musnadiis one of the localfigures asstated above.He is a modinin Ngadimulyo Village, Kampak District, Trenggalek Regency, East Java.This paper discusses the life history of Mbah Ahmad Musnadiand his role in society in his capacity asa modin.Through discussion of these two issues, this paper is expected to reveal the sides of the character's life that deserves to be used as an example, lesson, and inspiration for the next generation. Moreover, this paper is expected to enrich the source of information about the history of the struggle of a religious figure so as to enrich the treasures of knowledge about the history of local Islam. Abstrak: Perkembangan Islam di suatu wilayah tidak bisa lepas dari peran tokoh lokal setempat. Selain menjadi penopang bagi dakwah Islam, ia juga ikut memberikan warna Islam yang berkembang di suatu wilayah tersebut. Salah satu tokoh lokal itu adalah modin. Modin merupakan tokoh yang sangat disegani dan dihormati, serta memiliki pengaruh cukup besar bagi masyarakat pedesaan. Selain itu, modin juga merupakan tokoh yang sangat terkenal di kalangan masyarakat desa. Kepopuleran tokoh lokal ini tentu tidak lepas dari tugas dan tanggung jawabnya yang bersentuhan langsung dengan denyut nadi kehidupan masyarakat desa. Hampir seluruh siklus hidup sesorang mulai dari pra-kelahiran hingga pasca-kematian tidak dapat dilepaskan dari tugas dan peran seorang modin. Mbah Ahmad Musnadi merupakan salah satu tokoh lokal sebagaimana dikemukakan di atas. Ia adalah seorang modin di Desa Ngadimulyo Kecamatan Kampak Kabupaten Trenggalek Jawa Timur. Tulisan ini membahas tentang sejarah hidup Mbah Ahmad Musnadi dan perannya di masyarakat dalam kapasitasnya sebagai modin. Melalui pembahasan terhadap atas dua permasalahan tersebut, tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menguak sisi-sisi kehidupan sang tokoh yang layak dijadikan teladan, pelajaran, dan inspirasi bagi generasi berikutnya. Selebihnya, tulisan ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya sumber informasi tentang sejarah perjuangan seorang tokoh agama sehingga bisa memperkaya khazanah pengetahuan tentang sejarah Islam lokal.
عرض فكرة التعددية لجمال البنا بإندونيسيا: الجهود لإعادة بناء التوسط الإسلامي بإندونيسيا
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat
Published: August 2022

من وجهة نظر جمال البنا، تظهر الحياة الدينية دائمًا ظواهر تعددية وغير المتجانسة. رأى جمال أن الصفة الواحدية ترتبط بالله تعالى وحده، ماعدا المخلوقات لاسيما الناس. و كان المجتمع الإندونيسي أكبر سكان المسلمين في العالم يعرض ظاهرة التعددية. قد استوعب شعار الإتحاد في التعدد و المبادئ الخمسة كفلسفة الحياة الوطنية وحياة الدولة من قيم التوحيد والتعددية متكاملة فيه. من هنا، تبحث هذا المقالة عن معرفة التعددية لجمال البنا وأهمية تفكيره في سياق إندونيسيا. هذا البحث يحصل على أنها بنيت على أساس التوحيد. التصديق بوحدانية الله ألزمنا قبول تعددية الحياة، لأن التوحيد هو تمثيل من ظواهر الحياة المتعددة. و نجد فيها الإشارات التوحيدية الأخلاقية التي تشمل فيه مبدأ المساواة، و التعاون و الإحترام في التنوع، التسابق في الخيرات، العدالة في قطاع الحياة، الحرية الدينية، التسماح، حرية الفكر، والأخوة الوطنية. ثانيًا، معرفة التوحيد تعتبر فيه نقطة المبداء ذات صلة بـشعار الإتحاد في التعدد و المبادئ الخمسة التي تتطلب التعددية قائمًا على المادة الأولى، وهي الربنية الواحدة. ثالثًا، في سياق إندونيسيا، عرضها يصبح مهما من أجل تحقيق القيم التحولية التحريرية المضمومة في التوحيد وإعادة التأكيد على الموقف المعتدل الإسلامي حول حياة الأمة الإندونيسية المتعددة.
Naděžda Morávková, Václav Čepelák a katedra historie plzeňské Pedagogické fakulty
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: August 2022

Book review on Naděžda Morávková, Václav Čepelák a katedra historie plzeňské Pedagogické fakulty. ViaCentrum, Praha 2016, 380 s., ISBN 978-80-87646-13-7.
Na dovolenou s čekatelným? Profesoři a další vědecko-pedagogičtí pracovníci Univerzity Karlovy po uzavření českých vysokých škol v listopadu 1939
Authors: Kostlán Antonín , Šimůnek Michal V.
Published: August 2022

After the forced shutdown of Czech universities on 17 November 1939, three groups were affected, differing in their social status, professional position, and age structure: 1. students, 2. professors and other teaching staff, and 3. administrators with assisting personnel. While the students were declared enemies of the Nazi régime en bloc, being treated as such (internment in the concentration camp Sachsenhausen, liquidation of students’ associations with embezzlement of their property etc.), the fate of the others was dissimilar to some extent. Nevertheless, there was one common feature, which was their prevailing outplacement in other Protectorate institutions. This paper attempts to quantitatively zoom in this transfer on the example of the oldest and most important Czech university, Charles University in Prague.
Kongresy pro dějiny vědy a techniky (1929)1937–2021 a Praha
Authors: Sekyrková Milada
Published: August 2022

Report about the Congresses for the history of science and technology
František Šmahel – Gabriel Silagi (edd.), Statuta et Acta rectorum Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis (1360–1614)
Authors: Zilynská Blanka
Published: August 2022

Book review on František Šmahel – Gabriel Silagi (edd.), Statuta et Acta rectorum Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis (1360–1614), Nakladatelství Karolinum, Praha 2018, CLXVII + 416 s. a 19 fotopříloh (Documenta Historica Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis I.), ISBN 978-80-246-4024-2 a 978-80-246-4178-2 (pdf).
Mlada Holá – Martin Holý (Hg.), Das Studentenkolleg der Böhmischen Nation der Prager Universität. Edition der Rechnungen aus den Jahren 1541–1611
Authors: Hlaváček Ivan
Published: August 2022

Book review on Mlada Holá – Martin Holý (Hg.), Das Studentenkolleg der Böhmischen Nation der Prager Universität. Edition der Rechnungen aus den Jahren 1541–1611, Berlin – Münster 2019, LIT Verlag, 438 s., 9 vyobr., 1 mapka a řada tabulek v úvodním textu; ISBN 978-3-643-14182-8.
Petr Hlaváček, Rusové v Praze. Ruští intelektuálové v meziválečném Československu
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: August 2022

Book review on Petr Hlaváček, Rusové v Praze. Ruští intelektuálové v meziválečném Československu. Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta, Praha 2017, 146 s., ISBN 978-80-7308-748-7.
Nota editorial
Authors: Buben Radek , Brenišínová Monika
Published: August 2022

Editorial
El movimiento estudiantil de 1968 como inicio de la transformación democrática en México
Authors: Derwich Karol
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the impact of the violent suppression of the student manifestation at the Tlatelolco Square in 1968. Instead of helping the PRI regime to politically and diplomatically use the Olympic Games in Mexico D. F. that year, the repression heavily shattered the regime’s reputation. The author concludes that the events of 1968 finally helped the country’s transition to democracy and that should be considered as the first step towards political plurality.
OEA y la democracia en Américas Latina: a treinta años de la Convención de Santiago y a veinte años de la Carta Democrática Interamericana
Authors: Delgado Rafael Gustavo Miranda , Peña Marysergia
Published: August 2022

The Organization of American States (hereinafter OAS) is the only setting for dialogue and political meetings of all the countries of the Hemisphere, and in recent years democracy has become a priority objective and value. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the role that the OAS has had and may have in Latin American democracies, through its political commitments and its normative body. It is stated that the capacity of the OAS to promote and defend democracy depends on the existence, or not, of an ideological consensus in the political systems of the region on the priority that this universal value has, and that only with a vocation of greater supranationality will it be able to promote and defend to democracy.
Federalism, International Human Rights Law, Protection of Minority Rights, the Right to Self-determination and Conflict
Authors: Nhengu Dudziro
Published: August 2022

This paper analyses the nexus between federalism, international human rights law, minority rights and the right to self-determination, noting in turn how the intersection of these affect the conflict regime in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE). The merits and demerits of federalism as an enabler for democracy and peace are measured through an assessment of how the FDRE Constitutional provisions and practices have enabled successful management of ethnic diversities, promotion of good governance, observation of human rights and promoting principles of equality and equity among the ethnic groups. The FDRE Constitution is assessed in terms of how it complies with IHRL, as well as how its leaders balance constitutional norm and practice. The analysis records a sharp irony and a huge gap between what the FDRE Constitution claims to provide for the citizens and what it enables in practice. This ‘constitutionalism deficit’ accounts for the rising levels of conflict in the country to date.
Digital Age Learning Among Malaysian School Administrators on Management and Instructional Technology: NETS-A
Authors: Ramalingam Shanti , Saforrudin Norabeerah binti , Mohd Yusof Aziyah Binti , Salamat Zubaidah Binti , Mohd Yusop Noor Ashikin Binti , Zulkifeli Mohd Afendi Bin , Ahmad Mohd Yusof Bin
Published: August 2022

The use of information and communication technology is a frequent approach applied in various organizations to ensure tasks are performed more smoothly. Administrators inspire and lead development and implementation of a shared vision for comprehensive integration of technology to promote excellence and support transformation throughout the organization. In examining this phenomenon, principals are expected to have trouble organizing technology in management and instructional based in school planning. This is because the use of technology is a formative nature technical and requires certain skills so that it can be integrated perfectly. This study was conducted to examine the level of competence of school administrators consisting of principals and head teachers on the management of instructional technology especially digital age learning and validate the elements in NETS-A. In addition, the study also aims to identify the level of technological leadership among principals in day primary schools based on the five dimensions of NETS-A namely visionary leadership, digital age learning culture, professional practice excellence, systemic improvement, and digital citizenship. This study uses survey techniques to obtain quantitative data.  The respondents of this study consisted of 50 secondary schools from five states namely Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Terengganu and Negeri Sembilan. The findings of the study show that the level of competence of principals and head teachers in technology management is at a moderate level. Therefore, school administrators need to give their full commitment to the use of instructional technology in order to increase productivity in teaching and learning as well as school management.
Pre-service Teachers' Use of ICT in Saudi Education: Literature Review
Authors: Alshammari Yousef , Alharbi Omran , AlMutairi Awatif
Published: August 2022

Various technological tools are commonly used in education, due to rapid advances in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) field. In recent years several institutions and schools in Saudi Arabia have started using ICT in the classroom. The purpose of this review is to assess the available literature to establish the extent of pre-service teachers' understanding of ICT and the level of ICT use in Saudi education, over the last decade. The findings show that pre-service teachers seem to lack the necessary level of technical knowledge to use ICT effectively in the classroom. The results also revealed several obstacles to the use of ICT in education, including a lack of training, a shortage of resources, and insufficient clarity of the Ministry of Education's policy regarding using ICT in teaching. In light of these findings, thia study suggests that the Saudi educational environment be adapted and improved to make the adoption and use of ICT more successful. It also suggested that pre-service teachers receive training both at university and when they reach their schools on how to incorporate ICT successfully into their teaching and learning practice.
The Soul’s Tool: Plato on the Usefulness of the Body
Authors: Campbell Douglas R.
Published: August 2022

This paper concerns Plato’s characterization of the body as the soul’s tool. I take perception as an example of the body’s usefulness. I explore the Timaeus’ view that perception provides us with models of orderliness. Then, I argue that perception of confusing sensible objects is necessary for our cognitive development too. Lastly, I consider the instrumentality relationship more generally and its place in Plato’s teleological worldview.
Degrees of Culpability and Voluntary Actions: Eth. Eud. II 9 and Eth. Nic. V 8 on the Voluntary
Authors: Farina Flavia
Published: August 2022

In Eth. Nic. V 8, Aristotle provides a classification of damages an agent may do, establishing degrees of culpability. In doing so, Aristotle recalls what he said about voluntary and involuntary actions in the preceding books about voluntary and involuntary actions. In this paper, I defend the thesis according to which the Eudemian account on voluntariness is consistent with the classification of damages Aristotle provides in Eth. Nic. V 8, arguing that one of Aristotle’s concerns in dealing with voluntariness is the legal practices of his time, which we can regard as strongly linked to his discussion on moral responsibility. Thereby, I challenge David Charles’ view that the account of voluntariness featured in the book on justice differs both from the Nicomachean account and the Eudemian one.
Severus onTim. 30a: New Approaches and Perspectives. Porphyry,PM87–95; Eusebius,PE13.17
Authors: Michalewski Alexandra
Published: August 2022

This paper aims at re-evaluating the significance of Peripatetic features in Severus’ exegesis of theTimaeusthrough a comparison between Severus’ doxography in thePMand the fragment of his treatise on the soul quoted by Eusebius. Indeed, until now, the scholarly literature has been inclined to consider Severus as a plain anti-Aristotelian and pro-Stoic Platonist. However the recent edition of the Porphyrian lost treatiseOn Principles and Matterallows us to grasp more clearly to what extant Severus’ view on the nature of the soul and on the bodily motion is grounded on an in-depth knowledge of the Peripatetic debates of his time.
“This does not interest the court!”: the 1966 Soviet Satire Trial and its persistent legacy
Authors: Kriza Elisa
Published: August 2022

Soviet writers Yuli Daniel (aka Nikolay Arzhak) and Andrey Sinyavsky (aka Abram Tertz) published several satires anonymously in capitalist countries during the Cold War. In 1965 both writers were arrested in the Soviet Union and they were put on trial in February 1966. They were charged under Article 70 of the Penal Code that criminalized libel and defamation of the state and agitation with the aim of undermining or weakening the state. Sinyavsky was sentenced to seven years in a labor camp and Daniel was given five years. This trial’s controversial discussions about authorial opinions and intentions and the complex relationship between satire and social reality remain highly relevant today. This article presents seven contradictions and ambiguities inherent to satire in order to disentangle different arguments and viewpoints in their context. The reception of satirical texts is complicated by issues surrounding ethics and violence, seriousness and non-seriousness, truth and fiction, ambiguous or dubious empathy, morality, political content in non-political texts, and the use of a fictional persona. The vagueness and in-betweenness of satire can pose a challenge to environments averse to ambiguity, as was the case in this Soviet trial, but also in similar cases until today.
The recrystallization-assisted reduction in mechanical anisotropy of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Mn alloys
Authors: Yuan Liangliang , Guo Mingxing , Song Yutao , Miao Lisha , Jiang Ning , Zhuang Linzhong
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the effect of composition and solution temperatures on microstructure, texture and mechanical anisotropy of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Mn alloys was investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vickers hardness testing, tensile testing and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The results indicate that the mechanical anisotropy can be reduced by increasing solution temperature and introducing iron-rich phases, in which equiaxed recrystallized grains and optimized texture distribution can be obtained, especially for the #1 alloy with the presence of iron-rich phases. Additionally, according to the evolution of microstructure and texture, the mechanism of recrystallization affected by solution temperature and iron-rich phases in the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Mn alloys was put forward. The relationship between mechanical anisotropy, microstructure and textures was also established in this paper.
Concrete strength development by using magnetized water in normal and self-compacted concrete
Authors: Abbas Zena K. , Al-Baghdadi Hayder A. , Ibrahim Enaam Mahdi
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this work was to adopt an environmentally friendly technology with enhanced results. The technology of magnetic water (MW) treatment system can be used in concrete mixture production instead of potable water (PW) to improve both workability and strength. Two types of concrete were adopted: normal concreter production with two grades 25 and 35 MPa and the self-compacted concrete (SCC) with 35 MPa grade. The concrete mixes containing MW instead of PW results showed that, for 25 MPa grade, an improvement in a compressive strength of 15.1, 14.8, and 10.2% was achieved for 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. For 35 MPa grade, an improvement of 13.6, 11.5, and 9.1% was achieved for 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. The mixture of SCC showed the highest improvement up to 16.2, 15.8, and 12.4% for 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. The effect of MW is significant for 7 days compared to 28 and 90 days. An increase in the water content to cementitious material presents the more efficiency of MW, while the combined effect of MW and superplasticizer in SCC showed the best improvement with less water content for 35 MPa grade.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-bromo-2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C19H17BrO3
Authors: Zhang Yu-Long , Liu Shu-Lian , Hou Gui-Ge , Wang Lei , Zhang Xiao-Fan
Published: August 2022

C19H17BrO3, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.2887(7) Å, b = 8.4190(12) Å, c = 13.1164(15) Å, α = 93.634(11)°, β = 90.609(9)°, γ = 118.201(11)°, V = 804.17(18) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0738, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1614, T = 150 K.
Social Anthropology in the UK: An Update
Authors: Abram Simone
Published: August 2022

Social Anthropology has a long and familiar history in the UK, but what is the state of play today? This essay reflects from the perspective of the chair of the ASA on two years of pandemic upheaval and a crisis of funding and working conditions, institutional challenges and responses from social anthropology.
Wettability of keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) wood after weathering under tropical climate
Authors: Uyup Mohd Khairun Anwar , Seng Hua Lee , Yusoh Alia Syahirah , Mustapha Asniza , Surip Siti Norasmah
Published: August 2022

Exposure of unprotected wood to weathering can increase the wettability
of the wood and the exposure period should be carefully monitored to preserve surface quality from severe deterioration. This study investigated the wettability of keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) wood after weathering exposure for 1–4 weeks. The keruing samples were first planed and coated at the edges prior to expose under tropical climate. Contact angle
, crack
formation and lignin content of the samples were recorded on weekly basis. The results showed that the wettability of weathered keruing wood increased tremendously (i.e., 32%) after 4 weeks of exposure compared to control samples. The increase in wettability can be associated with the increase in crackformation and reduction of lignin content after exposure. It is hereby recommended that keruing wood is not suitable to be exposed to weather for more than 3 weeks before finishing or coating
is applied on its surface.
Effects of salt concentration on the production of cytotoxic geodin from marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp.
Authors: Said Gulab , Ahmad Farooq
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Microorganisms produce optically single bioactive natural products; the process is cheap as compared to chemical synthesis and environmentally friendly. Geodin 1 was isolated from the soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. It has a broad range of biological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, glucose stimulator for rat adipocytes, enhancement of fibrinolytic and cytotoxic activities, and is a subunit of the first nonpeptide and inhibitory active galanin receptor. In this work, we studied the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt concentration on the production of geodin 1 and improved its yield to a multi-gram quantity through media optimization from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp.

Methods

The fungal strain was cultivated at various concentrations of NaCl salt in rice medium and extracted after different intervals of time.

Results

The yield of geodin 1 was 137.2 mg/L at optimal conditions. The optimal conditions for the high yield of geodin 1 were found as rice medium with 2.0% NaCl salt and 3 weeks incubation at room temperature.

Conclusions

The concentration of NaCl salt greatly affects the yield of geodin and hence its biosynthetic pathway.