bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the History of Russian and South-Slavic Book Connections of the 12th–13th Centuries (About the Time and Circumstances of the Appearance of the Life of John of Rila in George Skylitza’ Version in Russian Literature)
Authors:   Institute of the Slavonic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Turilov Anatoliy А.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the question of the time of the appearance in Russian literature of the oldest (translated) life of John of Rylsky, written originally in Greek by the hagiographer and hymnographer George Skilica. For a long time in the Russian research literature, this fact was considered in a wide chronological range from the beginning to the last quarter of the 15th century, and the author of the article shared it earlier. However, at present there is every reason to say that the transition of the text from the Balkans to ancient Russian literature is associated with the flight to Carpathian Galich of the heir to the Bulgarian throne John Asen II (upon his return to his homeland he ruled in 1218–1241) and thus reflects the Russian–South Slavic cultural ties of the pre-Mongol period. At first glance, the old point of view looks more logical and justified, since the monument is not known in Russian lists earlier than the last quarter of the 15th century. However, this validity looks like this only at first glance. The named life does not fit into the situation at all, either in relation to the classical period of the “second South Slavic influence” of the end of the 14th – first third of the 15th century, or by the end of the 15th – first quarter of the 16th century – the time of the creation of the original edition of the Russian Chronograph, one of the sources of which were the South Slavic lives. In the first case, only brief lives of Bulgarian and Serbian saints as part of a Verse Prologue got to Russia, in the second only texts created by Patriarch Euthymius Tarnovsky and his disciples and followers, and the source for the Chronograph was a short written life of John, and not at all the work of Skilica. Thus, the text to which the article is devoted refers specifically to the monuments of Russian-South Slavic relations of the 12th–13th centuries. and it belongs, along with the Serbian Helmsman, to the number of South Slavic writings and translations that came to Russia from the Balkans at that time (for the named period, as is known, the movement of monuments in the opposite direction is much more characteristic).
Tver Fedorovsky Monastery in the 14th–15th Centuries
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Konyavskaya Еlena L.
Published: November 2024

The article contains material from written sources regarding the Fedorovsky Tver Monastery in the XIV–XV centuries. These data are scarce and, due to the peculiarities of the landscape, are not supplemented by archeology. The monastery was located on an island (on the Tmaka River). Fedorov Monastery is one of the first Tver monasteries. The time of the emergence of the monastery is determined – no later than 1316–1317. These years date back to the manuscript – the charter in Greek, created in the monastery (now kept in the Vatican Library). A significant part of the monks of the monastery in its initial period were Greeks. Subsequently, the monastery became an Arkhimandritiya. The article considers the possible terms for obtaining such a status. Annalistic work was carried out in the Fedorovsky Monastery. In the middle of the XV century Tver Grand Duke Boris Alexandrovich moved the monastery inside the city wall, and moved the Arkhimandritiya to the monastery of Gregory the Theologian.
The 1603/04 Altar Cross from the Monastery of the Intercession of our Lady in Suzdal: On the Identity of its Donator
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Linvina Аnna F. , Uspenskij Fjodor B. ,   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The paper reconsiders the issue of the attribution of the eight-pointed reliquary cross made of silver (gilded) and decorated with stamped images on its front side. The votive inscription on the artefact says that the cross was donated to the Suzdal Monastery of the Intercession of Our Lady in 1603/04, with the style of figurative images, foliage pattern and the high quality of work clearly indicating the Moscow origin of this liturgical object. As of presently, the identity of the donator has been believed to be unclear, although the inscription is reliably readably and contains both his names and all information necessary for identification. Many people of Medieval Rus’ had two lay Christian names - today, this idea comes as less of surprise to researchers as it used to a decade earlier, yet the tradition of lay Christian binominality is still to be described and analyzed. There are two aspects to it, equally fascinating: revealing the general structure and the semantics of this bizarre practice and simply replenishing the collection by establishing the very fact that this or that person, often notable, bore not just the name under which everyone knows them, found in history textbooks, but had another name, perhaps even more important from their own perspective. This last task of studying specific cases sometimes requires almost detective investigation, and challenges faced by a researcher are not incidental: they are rooted in the very ways how this system of lay Christian binominality functioned in the pre-Petrine Rus’: the same person could appear under one name in one case and under the other name in another, and sometimes it is really challenging to find the crossover points allowing to identify, say, Cosmas, servant of God with Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky. The historical and onomastic analysis of the inscription on the 1603/04 cross not only allows to reliably identify the owner of this precious specimen of early 17th –century jewellery but also to make some guesses about the circumstances of donation and to clarify our evidence of naming practices characteristic of the 16th -century Rus’.
An Analogy to the Chronicle’s ‘Calling-in of the Varangians’ in the Life of St Ansgar
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Stefanovich Petr S.
Published: November 2024

The author of the article draws attention to the story in the Life of St Ansgar about the military campaign of the Swedes against the Curonians, which took place in 854. The Life was written by Ansgar's pupil and successor Rimbert before 876. His information, confirmed by archaeological data, is reliable. The description of the campaign indicates that the Swedes plundered a Curonian city (most likely Grobinya) and besieged another one, Apuole, for a long time. The siege ended with negotiations and recognition of the Swedish dominance by the Curonians. They agreed to the payment of a one-time indemnity and a permanent tribute in the future. The author of the article suggests these events can serve as a historical background for the events described in the ancient Rus’ian story about the ‘calling-in of the Varangians’ which also tells about the interaction of alien Scandinavians with local peoples (‘tribes’) in the middle of the 9th century. The story is not preserved in ancient Rus’ian chronicles in its original form, and the author follows its reconstruction according to the textual investigations of A.A. Shakhmatov. The author emphasizes that in the chronicle, just like in the Life, the main expression of dominance was the right to collect tribute on an ongoing basis. Like in the Life, the chronicle stated that the population agreed to pay tribute for the sake of ‘peace’ and the author stresses the importance of this concept in archaic perceptions of power and justice. Tributary relations were interpreted and presented by the participants of the events themselves as contractual. At the same time, according to the story of the Life, the establishment of the power of the Swedes over the Curonians was the result of the usage of force, and this casts doubt on the idyllic story of the chronicle about the voluntary ‘calling-in’ of the Varangians by autochthonous peoples. The Life written in the 9th century offers a much more plausible picture of the subjugation of the local population to the Scandinavians than the legendary chronicle story, written no earlier than the beginning of the 11th century. On the whole, the author writes about a similar historical situation described in the Life of Ansgar and the chronicle story (the penetration of the Scandinavians into the Circum-Baltic space), and about analogies in the descriptions of this situation in the life and chronicle (one model of legitimization of relations between the Scandinavians and autochthonous residents using the concept of “peace”).
The Slovene and the Rus’: ethnic or political names?
Authors:   Institute of the Slavonic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrukhin Vladimir Ya.
Published: November 2024

In the endless discussion about the meaning of the names Slovene and, especially, Rus’, the possibilities for interpreting the meaning of these ‘obvious’ ethnic names largely depend on the localization of the ‘original’ ethnic name. Migrationist constructions of the distribution of the name Rus’ within the entire Proto-Slavic (Balto-Slavic) world – from the Middle Volga to the Danube – are fueled by the interpretation of archaeological material, while the search for the initial Slavic tribe Rus’ concentrated in the Middle Dnieper of the 6th century (B.A. Rybakov strived to find this ‘tribe’ there). Traditionally, the search for the etymology of the name Rus’ based on the assumption that an ethnic name should reflect the ancestral origins of the ‘people, though it has long been accepted by philologists that the name rus’ was a designation of a military band – “rowers going on a campaign on rowing ships”. It is precisely this band that gave the name Rus’ to the state – the Russian land because it was neutral in the ethnic sense (in contrast to the patronymic ‘generic’ names like Krivichi or Vyatichi). The migration processes themselves were not a simple conquest of foreign territories: Byzantium (like ancient Rome) sought to reach an agreement with the ‘barbarians’ invading the Empire in the Balkans. The same situation occurred in the Baltic region when the Slavs signed the treaty with the Varangians (the chronicle ryad defining the invitation of the Varangian princes). This treaty of the Slovenians and the Krivichi with Varangian Rus’ was repeated by the pact between the Rus’ and the ‘other Slavs’ attested by Constantine Porphyrogenitus. ‘Wandering’ within the entire barbarian periphery, names Slovene and Rus’, as well as the names of the Scythians and especially their Iranian-speaking heirs the Alans, were not just ethnic names. In the clash with the civilized world, they acquired the functions of political names, symbolizing the equality of the nations designated by these names with the Romans – Greeks of the Old Russian literature.
Scandinavia on the Roads to Christianization, Ninth to Tenth Centuries
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Melnikova Еlena А.
Published: November 2024

Prior to the baptism of the rulers of Scandinavian countries and introduction of Christianity as an official religion, Scandinavians for several centuries familiarized themselves with Christian ideas and practices, on the one hand, in the course of trade connections, Viking expeditions, service as mercenaries in Western and Eastern Europe and, on the other hand, through missions from Germany and England. Contrary to traditional view that Christian missions, especially those launched from Hamburg-Bremen Archdiocese, played the dominant role in the process of Christianization of Scandinavia, recent studies give them an insignificant place since their results (which are understood as the baptism of rulers and nobles) are ‘negligible’. Representatives of both trends rely mostly on the information of written sources. An important, though yet understudied and ungeneralized source on the problems of ‘Christianization before Christianization’ are archaeological materials that can throw light on the time, intensity, and forms of the penetration of Christianity to the North. The purpose of this article is an attempt to collect at least some of the relevant archaeological materials and suggest their preliminary interpretation in comparison with the information from written sources. The main categories of possible evidence in material culture are burial customs, artifacts, and church construction. However, the interpretation of both single burials and finds like crosses or cruciform pendants as Christian is ambiguous in most cases. In the context of the discussed problem, the materials of large necropolis, first and foremost in Birka, are best studied at the moment, as well as the construction of early churches preceding stone buildings of the 12th an 13th centuries. These materials show that burials that can be interpreted as Christian and churches (built by missionaries or Christian neophytes) concentrate in the areas of intensive missionary activities. It testifies its productiveness in dissemination of Christian ideas in Scandinavia in the 9th and 10th centuries. Along with churches built by missioners in the largest trade centers like Birka, Hedeby, and Ribe, houses intended for divine service, usually rather small in size, were erected by recently baptizes nobles or stórbondir on their farms.
Gifts and Court Ceremonies in Ibn Fadlan’s Risalah
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalinina Тatjana М.
Published: November 2024

The article shows the role and importance of gifts by the embassy of Ibn Fadlan, prepared for the nobility of the Oghuz and the ruler of the Volga Bulgars Almysh. The delegation considered necessity, the importance and value of gifts for the Oghuz. Attention was paid to cases of gift exchange. The nature of presents and their mutual exchange, common to all medieval societies, is also revealed. Тhe schedule of reception of Ibn Fadlan’s embassy corresponded to the ceremonial of meetings and preparation for them for delegations of foreign states by the court of the Samanid states. The rules of etiquette were borrowed by the Samanids from the Abbasids, going back to the traditions of the Sassanids. The similarity of the ritual of the meeting of the delegation by the ruler of the Volga Bulgaria Almysh with the etiquette of the Samanids is noted. The described regulation corresponds to the practice adopted in the Caliphate and among the Samanids, which means a long and deep acquaintance of the king of the Volga Bulgaria with palace traditions accepted in the Islamic world.
Preliminary Remarks on the Hymnographic Layer in Metropolitan Hilarion’s Word about Law and Grace
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernysheva Margarita I.
Published: November 2024

Metropolitan Hilarion of Kiev probably knew Greek language and was theologically educated, maybe in Constantinople. Scholars have revealed his being familiar with a range of Byzantine theological and hymnographic texts as well as with some examples of the earliest Moravo-Czech literature. The author’s studies of Onomata sacra in Slavonic and Rus translations from Greek have led her to a conclusion that there was a lexical hieronymic core, i.e. a complex of generally accepted names of Christ, the Virgin, the Holy Cross, and saints). In the present paper, the author addresses the naming of a secular ruler. A range of terms applied to St Vladimir, the baptizer of Rus, in the panegyric part of Hilarion’s Word about Law and Grace are analyzed (including the analysis of corresponding Greek words). It appears that almost all those words are comprised by the hieronymic core well established in the Byzantine hymnography and, respectively, represented in its Slavonic reception. This, in turn, demonstrates that Hilarion was well familiar and perfectly handled the Byzantine hymnography. In some cases, however, he not only used established Slavonic equivalents but, having Greek words in mind, found Slavonic equivalents to them himself.
Great Prince Juriy Dmitrievich of Moscow
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuchkin Vladimir A.
Published: November 2024

Early in 1363, the Moscow troops captured Vladimir, the residence of Great Prince. Prior to his death, Dmitrii Ivanovich of Moscow in his will (1389) bequeathed Vladimir and its land to his elder son Vasilii. In the case of Vasilii’s death, Moscow and Vladimir had to be inherited by the eldest of his brother. Thus, the most powerful of the Moscow princes had to control Vladimir as well. A.E. Presnyakov believed that, after Dmitrii’s death, the relations between Vasilii and Yurii, the second eldest brother, started getting worth. This is not corroborated by sources: until the death of Vasilii in 1425, Yurii always followed and supported him. However, after 1425, the rivalrt between Yurii and Vasilii I’ son, Vasilii II, started and lasted several years. Yurii finally became great prince of Moscow but soon died, on the 5th June, 1434.
Vechniki in the Eleventh-Century Saxony? On the Interpretation of the Word vethenici in the Chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lukin Pavel V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the enigmatic word vethenici in the Chronicle of Theitmar of Merseburg written in Latin. In the Chronicle this word occurs three times in the accounts of the events of the 11th century in Meissen in Saxony. All three mentions are connected with the actions of a military detachment, apparently of Slavic origin, during the attacks on the city by Polish troops. Hypotheses offered in the previous literature are examined: on the connection of vethenici with the Lusatian-Serbian word wićaz, related to Old Russian vityaz; on its derivation from the Proto-Slavonic *vět(j)jpikъ («participant of an assembly»); on its coming from the hypothetical *vitinici/vetinici («people of [the House of] Wettin», «people from [the town/castle of] Wettin». In the author's opinion, the connection of the word vethenici with vechniki best corresponds to linguistic regularities and historical context, though not in the meaning «participants of an assembly, veche», but in the also well attested meaning «troublemakers, conspirators, rebels».
Toponymic and Folklore Roots of the Selþórisþáttr
Authors:   State Academic University of the Humanities, Litovskikh Еlena V.
Published: November 2024

Selþórir, or Þórir the Seal, Grímsson, descended from the nobility of southwestern Norway, is one of the most famous first settlers of the Western Quarter of Iceland. A þáttr about him (original manuscripts caption “Frá Selþori”) is included in the second part of the medieval Icelandic historical work “The Book of the Settlements” (Landnámabók). The þáttr speaks not only of Þórir receiving a nickname, but also reveals the meanings of toponyms included in his possessions. As in many other þættir of the Landnámabók, in the one we are studying there are motives for predicting the place of a future settlement (in our case, the prediction is merman) and irrational determination of the place of settlement (in this þáttr with the help of a horse). However, the rich concentration of supernatural beings (not only the merman, but also the troll and the helper horse act in the þáttr) and events (predictions, posthumous “going uphill”) distinguishes it from a number of other þættir of the Landnámabók. At the same time, discrepancies in the editions of the Landnámabók (they are few in relation to the entire volume of the þáttr, but they are significant and reflect the rethinking of the text by the authors of the earlier editions) reveal the desire of the author of the Hauksbók edition, Haukr Erlendsson, to level the folklore component. It is also noteworthy that the folklore elements present in the þáttr can be attributed to fairly common Western Scandinavian motifs. Tracing the Celtic influence on the images of characters and plot twists, in our opinion, looks like a stretch. In addition, most of the plots of the þáttr are toponymic legends. Within the framework of this single þáttr, the meanings of five Icelandic toponyms are revealed at once: Grímsey (“Grim’s Island”), Skálmarnes (“Skalm’s Ness”), Skálmarkelda (“Skalm’s Well”), Rauðamel (“Red Sandbank”), Borgarhraun (“Wilderness of Castle”) and Þórisberg (“Þórir’s Mount”). Thus, it turns out that the Selþórisþáttr is present in the Landnámabók as a toponymic tradition, most likely of oral origin.
Early Medieval Latin Itineraria and Descriptions of the Holy Land
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bibikov Мikhail V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents an overview of Latin early medieval characteristics and descriptions of Jerusalem and the Holy Land, written from the very first decades of the Christian era, – starting from the first third of the 4th century. This is a Latin version of the Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea (ca 320 AD), created by Jerome the Blessed ca 388 AD. The so-called Bordeaux Itinerary dated to 333 is an independent author's description of a pilgrimage from Bordigala (Bordeaux) through Constantinople to Jerusalem and other places of Palestine and back – through Rome to Bordeaux. At the end of the 4th century a unique monument of Latin pilgrimage literature was created, the Peregrinatio to the Holy Places by Egeria, or Etheria, or Sylvia the Virgin, which not only lists but describes in detail the holy places of Palestine and the Middle East by a pious pilgrim lady. An example of early Byzantine Latin-language monuments of this kind may be On the Location of the Holy Land by Theodosius and Itinerarium by Antoninus of Placentia in the late 6th – early 7th century. Around 670 there appears the Narration of the Holy Places by the Gallic bishop Arculphus in the Records of Abbot Adamnan, who lived and died in Ireland at the beginning of the 9th century. The Tale of the Disasters in Jerusalem of the time of the Jerusalem patriarch George (796–806?) describes the beginning of the Arab conquest of Near East. These monuments developed the canon of pilgrimage descriptions, terminology, localization and identification of Biblical events with modern geo- and topography, and created the foundations of the genre in its various modifications.
Political Violence in Byzantine Empire (Statistical Analysis)
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Kuzenkov Pavel V.
Published: November 2024

The article provides and analyzes the statistics of political violence in the Roman/Byzantine Empire. Statistics embrace four periods: the entire period of the existence of the Empire (from the 1st to the 15th centuries AD); for the pagan and Christian periods separately (before and after AD 312) and for the period from AD 988 (this chronological range is relevant for comparison with Russian history, and shows the internal evolution of Byzantine practice as well). The results of statistical analysis demonstrate the indisputable influence of Christian morality on the spread and forms of political violence after the conversion of Constantine the Great (312). This influence was not sharp, but extended over time, and the steady dynamics of the humanization of the political culture of Byzantium can be traced throughout its history. The materials studied in the article also form the basis for a comparison of the practice of political violence in Byzantium and in Rus’.
The Legacy of Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin): Museum of Antiquities in Jerusalem
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Butova Ritta B.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the Museum of Antiquities of Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin), head of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Jerusalem as an important part of his legacy. Between the middle of the 19th century and 1894, Archimandrite Antonin assembled extremely interesting collections of antiquities as a result of purposeful collection of artifacts purchased from antiquaries, received as gifts, found during archaeological excavations and construction of churches and pilgrimage hostels on the lands acquired by the Russian Mission. After Antonin's death, the anxiety of the scientific community for the fate of the Museum did not allow the Synod, which had cooled to his legacy after the registration of land ownership, to forget about the Museum of Antiquities. In the 20th century, the fate of the Museum was very complicated, but even today, although in a very reduced form, this ‘living encyclopedia of civilizations’ occupies an substantial place in Antonin's whole legacy.
“Four Serious Songs” by I. Brahms in the context of the German mystical tradition
Authors:   St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University for the Humanities, Khondzinskii Pavel V.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the connection of J. Brahms' Four Serious Songs, written on biblical texts, with the German mystical tradition, dating back to the Rhenish mystics of the 14th century. It was they who formulated the doctrine of the love for God, strong as death (Song of Solomon 8:6), which is similar to death, since it deprives a person not only of what binds him to earthly life, but also of the very hope of salvation, thus gaining the perfection of its selflessness. The article shows that if the first three Songs are written on texts about the death, and the fourth is about the love, then the musical themes of the ‘death’ and ‘love’ can be combined in simultaneous sound, thus creating a single musical death-love complex that expresses the main idea of the cycle.
Ingmar Jansson and the Russian and Scandinavian Contacts in the Viking Age
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Melnikova Еlena А. , Petrukhin Vladimir Ya. ,   Institute of the Slavonic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The studies of the Russian and Scandinavian contacts in the Viking Age in the last decades are inseparably linked with the name of a prominent Swedish archaeologist Ingmar Jansson. His scientific works make a major contribution to the examination of the character and forms of interaction between the Slavs, the Finns, and the Scandinavians. His role in establishing contacts and then in organizing the joint work of Russian, Ukrainian, and Scandinavian archaeologists, in arranging exhibitions and conferences is invaluable.
On Time in the Icelandic Sagas: O’Donoghue H. Narrative in the Icelandic Family Saga: Meanings of Time in Old Norse Literature. L.; N.Y.; Oxford; New Delhi; Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. 224 p.
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Jackson Тatjana N.
Published: November 2024

The book under review is devoted to the time of action of the Icelandic family sagas and demonstrates how it is presented in them. Written down mainly in the thirteenth century, these sagas tell about the events of the “saga age”, a period from 930 to 1030. The anonymous author and “objective” narrator, who knows the story he tells from beginning to end, leads his listener/reader through all the vicissitudes of his story and immerses him in the temporal space of his narrative, the so-called “third time”, enabling him to judge life in the “saga age”.
‘Having Corrected, Read’: Notes on the Comments of Scribes, Editors and Readers in the Pages of Old Rus Manuscripts
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krysko Vadim B.
Published: November 2024

The author analyzes inscriptions by scribes, editors, and readers in the pages of four Old Rus manuscripts of the 11th–13th centuries in which mistakes (by themselves or by other scribes) are commented (RGADA. Tip. 91; RNB, Q.п.I.16; RNB, Q.п.I.15; RNB, Pogod. 71а). The extra-texts analyzed demonstrate that the copying and the usage of books not always were mechanic processes. On the contrary, inscriptions demonstrate linguistic and aesthetic reflection and significantly contribute to our knowledge of the history of the language.
Early Examples of Old Rus Chrysography (The 11th–14th Centuries) in the Context of the Writing with Gold in Byzantium and Western Europe
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kashtanov Sergey M. , Stolyarova Lyubov V. ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The paper is dedicated to the cases of writing with gold by Rus 11th to 14th-century scribes of books and charters, and the technique of writing with gold. The earliest case of such writing is examined, the Mstislav charter (c. 1130), as well as headings, initials and their elements, and inscriptions in miniatures of Old Rus parchment manuscripts. The question of writing with gold and ink on toned parchment is raised. The Rus material is compared to that from Western Europe and Byzantium. Conclusions are made concerning the specific features of using gold when writing books and charters in the earliest period of Slavonic Cyrillic writing.
What Holm was granted to the Cathedral of Smolensk?
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Аrtamonov Yuri А.
Published: November 2024

The author analyzes the Granting Record of the Bishopric of Smolensk, issued on the 30 September, 1150, by Prince Rostislav Mstislavich (1127–1167). A certain Holm (‘Hill’) was granted to the bishop. Due to the works by Yaroslav N. Shchapov, scholars generally believe that Holm in question was a hill inside the city of Smolensk, where the cathedral was to be erected. The analysis of sources leads to another conclusion: Holm was a populated place outside Smolensk, incomes from which were granted to the bishopric. That probably was the little town called Holm on River Lovat, near the border of the lands of Smolensk and Novgorod. If so, this is one more example of granting to the church of frontier lands situated far from the center of the diocese.
Partizipation in Schulteams
Authors: Killus Dagmar , Krause-Koß Anne , Oellrich Hanne
Published: November 2024

Schulteams aus Schüler:innen, Schulleitung und Lehrpersonen bieten die Möglichkeit echter Beteiligung. Die Universität Hamburg hat dieses Potenzial im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung der Werkstatt »Demokratie lernen – Partizipation gemeinsam gestalten« der Robert Bosch Stiftung untersucht.
El diseño sonoro en Veneno para las hadas (Carlos Enrique Taboada, 1984): brecha comunicativa entre lo filmofánico y lo ecránico
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Medina-Ávila Virginia
Published: November 2024

A lo largo de su evolución, el sonido en el cine mexicano ha ocupado diversos lugares, aunque sin lograr posicionarse como elemento fundamental de las narrativas audiovisuales. Por lo que el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar, a través de la película Veneno para las hadas (Carlos Enrique Taboada, 1984), las repercusiones estéticas y visuales que surgen cuando no se logra crear una conexión comunicativa entre imagen y sonido en pantalla. Para lograrlo se vale de bases hermenéuticas y de herramientas tanto audionarratológicas como cinematográficas para responder a la pregunta ¿cuáles son los elementos audiovisuales que crean una brecha comunicativa entre la película y su proyección al público, y cómo se pueden identificar para subsanarlos?
Foreign Language Teaching: What Are Students' Opinions on Scientific Research?
Authors: Jonida Bushi  , Ema Kristo  , Marsela Likaj  , Ilda Themeli
Published: November 2024

This study examines students' perceptions and challenges regarding scientific research in the field of foreign language teaching. By analyzing data collected through a structured questionnaire completed by first- to third-year university students in disciplines such as teaching, translation, and communication, the study aims to provide a deep understanding of their attitudes and experiences. The results reveal a variety of perceptions about the importance of scientific research and identify the challenges students face during the research process. This analysis aids in the development of strategies to enhance students' research skills and promote the integration of innovative methodologies. The study is part of a project funded by the University of Tirana, aimed at strengthening research capacities in foreign language teaching.
Language Dominance in the Input and Use Patterns of Cameroon’s Special Bilingual Students
Authors: Mvondo Claude Lionel , Biloa Edmond
Published: November 2024

This paper examines dominance in the language input and use patterns of students of Cameroon’s Special Bilingual Education Programme (SBEP). The participants were 373 bilingual students from 10 schools set in French-speaking Cameroon, who submitted self-ratings via an adapted version of the Bilingual Language Profile questionnaire by Birdsong, Gertken and Amengual (2012). The data were analysed using the subtraction method to determine dominance. The results showed a consistent pattern of OL1-dominance for all the three domains considered under language input (viz. listening, reading, and watch time), but a more contrasted pattern for language use, as the respondents were found to be French-dominant (or slightly OL1-dominant to balanced) in the outer circle of relationships (circle of friends and school environment) and OL1-dominant in the inner circle (self-talk and family circle). The findings of this study suggest that individual language use is more significantly impacted by societal dominance than language input is, most likely because the latter is less constrained by relationships and offers a greater possibility of choice.  They equally suggest that there is a directionality in the influence of societal dominance, with a decreasing effect from the public to the private sphere. Lastly, the study underscores the powerful negative impact the lack of official recognition can have on the maintenance of local ethnic languages in a multilingual context.
Data-Driven Security: Improving Autonomous Systems through Data Analytics and Cybersecurity
Authors: Inshad Rahman Noman  , Joy Chakra Bortty  , Kanchon Kumar Bishnu  , Md Munna Aziz  , Md Rashedul Islam
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the performance and response characteristics of multiple machine learning (ML) models across various cybersecurity threat detection tasks and compared the performance metrics-Accuracy, Precision, Recall, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Neural Network, and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) models. Random Forest and SVM demonstrated superior performance, with high accuracy, precision, and recall, and low false positive rates, while KNN lagged slightly. Precision-recall and ROC curves were further analyzed, revealing that Random Forest achieved the highest Area Under Curve (AUC), followed closely by SVM, underscoring their robustness in handling complex data patterns. The data-driven framework outperformed the traditional framework in response time, detection rate, and integration, while the traditional framework exhibited higher user satisfaction. And the response times were analyzed for detecting distinct threat types, including Phishing, Denial of Service (DoS), Malware, and Spoofing. Phishing attacks recorded the lowest response times, while Spoofing and Malware presented higher, more variable times, reflecting their complexity. These results highlight the efficiency of machine learning-based approaches, especially ensemble models, in cybersecurity applications, enhancing detection capabilities and reducing false positives. Our findings provide insights into optimizing model selection and framework deployment to bolster cybersecurity defenses.
Improving Rainfall Prediction Accuracy in the USA Using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Abdullah Al Mukaddim  , MD Rashed Mohaimin  , Mohammad Abir Hider  , Mitu Karmakar  , Md Nasiruddin  , Shah Alam  , Farhana Rahman Anonna
Published: November 2024

The key aim of this research project is to design and evaluate advanced machine learning models for increasing accuracy in rainfall forecasting over the USA. We intended to investigate nonlinear relationships typical of the atmospheric variables using state-of-the-art ML methods for more accurate rainfall predictions. For this research project on rainfall forecasting in the USA, we utilized an extensive dataset that comprises historical rainfall data collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and other meteorological agencies. The main dataset we use in this paper consists of daily rainfall measurements across various geographical locations of the USA, thus capturing the wide-ranging historical data necessary for both training and validation of the model. Besides measuring rainfall, we included meteorological data from sources such as NOAA's Global Historical Climatology Network and NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. These datasets further provided key variables that are known to affect rain, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. The performance metrics used in this research work for the models considered include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The above table shows that the Random Forest Classifier outperformed the other models, achieving perfect accuracy. That indicated that it rightly classified all the instances in the test set. The Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine models gave a quite good performance by giving above average accuracy but had lower precision and recall for the rainfall prediction. Accurate rainfall forecasting has direct consequences on agriculture, greatly empowering farmers and agricultural planners to make more effective decisions regarding planting, harvesting, and crop management. The forecasts of rainfall are also of critical importance in disaster management regarding planning for flood emergencies. Moreover, precise forecasting of rainfall, particularly in sustainable water resources management, presents the most important data in planning for and conserving these resources.
Tracing the Success of QRIS Policy Implementation in Surabaya City’s Parking Levy System
Authors: Novaria Rachmawati
Published: November 2024

This research explores the effectiveness of the Surabaya City Government’s policy on parking levy payments via the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). The study aims to analyze the policy’s success in increasing Regional Original Income (Pendapatan Asli Daerah or PAD) and enhancing community welfare by improving the payment experience for parking users and supporting efficient management by parking attendants. Using Van Meter and Van Horn’s policy implementation framework, which includes six critical factors—policy standards and objectives, resource allocation, characteristics of implementing organizations, inter-organizational communication, implementer disposition, and socio-political and economic environment—the study evaluates both the facilitating and hindering elements of the policy. A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed, with data gathered through literature reviews, field observations, and structured interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, parking service providers, and users. Analysis revealed that QRIS implementation has been beneficial in promoting transparency and efficiency in revenue collection, supporting PAD growth. However, challenges such as varying levels of digital literacy among users, limited internet access in certain areas, and reluctance among some parking attendants to adopt digital systems were identified as barriers to optimal implementation. Key findings suggest that the policy’s long-term success hinges on consistent inter-agency coordination, community engagement initiatives to raise digital payment awareness, and ongoing training for parking attendants to improve digital proficiency. The study concludes that achieving sustainable success in implementing non-cash transactions for parking levies requires a holistic approach, integrating community awareness, inter-organizational support, and policy adaptability. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to improve public service delivery through digital transactions. It highlights the importance of adaptive management in fostering community welfare alongside regional revenue growth.
REVIEW: Sir Arthur G. Doughty: Bibliography
Authors: Edwards Brendan
Published: November 2024

Margaret J. Dixon and Ian E. Wilson, eds., Sir Arthur G. Doughty: Bibliography, February 2023.  Accessed  January 11, 2024. www.ianewilson.ca/doughty/bibliography
The socio-economic burden of migraine: yesterday and today
Authors: Yadgarov I. S. , Filatova E. G.
Published: November 2024

Migraine is the most frequent and costly type of headache. The analysis of the «cost of the disease» implies an assessment of direct and indirect costs expressed in monetary units. Drastic changes have recently occurred in approaches to the treatment of the disease, in connection with which there are large differences in the structure of the economic burden «yesterday and today». «Yesterday» knowledge about the pathophysiology of migraine was insufficient and various nonspecific agents were used to treat the disease, the antimigrenous effect of which was manifested as an additional one. The relatively low prices of these ineffective drugs for relieving attacks and preventing migraines were accompanied by high indirect costs due to temporary disability of patients, frequent time off from work, decreased labor productivity, family troubles, etc. Therefore, «yesterday»: the indirect costs associated with migraine therapy outweighed the direct costs. «Today» the cost of drugs for the prevention and pathogenetic agents for the relief of migraine attacks has become significantly higher and their costs are the main part of the costs of migraine therapy, However, the effectiveness of new pathogenetic agents for the treatment of migraines helps to reduce indirect costs and improve the quality of life. Awareness of the change in the ratio of direct and indirect costs, as well as the causes of this phenomenon, will increase patient compliance, correctly allocate costs and ultimately save personal and public financial resources.
Quality of life and adaptation in older men and women with chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Abramova V. N. , Slyusar T. A.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To study the quality of life and adaptation of elderly men and women with chronic cerebral ischemia.

Materials and methods. The study included 65 patients (31 men and 34 women, mean age 81.6±1.1 years) diagnosed withchronic cerebral ischemia. The assessment of quality of life carried out by using the Russian version of the general questionnaire “SF-36 HEALTH STATUS SURVEY”. The level of asthenia studied using the MFI-20 questionnaire. Levels of anxiety and depression were determined using the HADS scale. Adaptive reactions studied in the leukocyte blood count by calculating the percentage of lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils.

Results. The patients rated their quality of life low in all areas, including the areas of physical capabilities, psychological well-being and social activity. A high prevalence and varying degrees of severity of asthenia, anxiety and depressive disorders revealed in all patients, more pronounced in women. The formation of homeostatic blood reactions was observed, indicating a decrease in the level of adaptation.
Gender features of clinical manifestations and quality of life indicators in generalized myasthenia
Authors: Yuldashev Kh. F. , Vstavskaya T. G. , Alibekov E. R. , Afanasyeva M. Yu. , Klocheva E. G. , Goldobin V. V.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To study the influence of clinical indicators of myasthenia gravis severity to the quality of life of men and women with generalized myasthenia gravis.

Materials and methods. The study included 41 patients aged 60.4±16.4 years with generalized myasthenia gravis: 31 (76 %) women and 10 (24 %) men. Clinical manifestations of myasthenia gravis were assessed with quantitative myasthenia gravis score, myasthenia gravis-specific activities of daily living scale and short form of specialized quality of life questionnaire. Forced vital respiratory capacity was measured in all patients with subsequent additional data calculation.

Results. We revealed significant improvement of examined data during hospitalization in both males and females, but in females, significant improvement was established in all quantitative myasthenia gravis score subscales. In men worse affection of swallowing muscles and severe pain phenomena were revealed. Correlations of physical functioning parameter with total quantitative myasthenia gravis score and with score characterizing the strength of limb muscles were revealed in studying group.

Conclusion. Clinical manifestations and course of myasthenia gravis have the peculiarities n men and women. Quality of life disorder in studying patients correlated with severity of clinical manifestations, mainly with limb weakness.
Current aspects of diabetic polyneuropathy in children
Authors: Koryakina O. V. , Kovtun O. P. , Bazarny V. V. , Lebedev I. A. , Boldyreva Yu. V. , Orekhova N. E. , Khrushcheva E. A. , Shoeva S. M.
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious medical and social problem of our time due to its high prevalence, lethality, early onset of disability and increasing morbidity. In children and adolescents, type 1 diabetes (DM1), characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune or idiopathic lesions of pancreatic β-cells, is registered more often. Every year, the total number of patients with DM1 under 18 years of age in the Russian Federation increases by several tens of thousands of people. DM is accompanied by various complications and one of the most frequent is diabetic polyneuropathy (DP), which occurs in half of children with DM1 more than 3 years. The progressive course of DP leads to the development of serious consequences affecting the quality of life and prognosis of patients. At the same time, at present, many aspects of this complication are insufficiently studied or have contradictory data, which justifies the expediency of systematization of materials on the pathogenesis of DP, effective methods of diagnostics and treatment of the disease in childhood.

The aim of the work was to analyze modern scientific publications devoted to the study of DP in children, based on the search of literature sources in PubMed, CyberLeninka and RINC databases. A total of 58 bibliographic publications were reviewed, including contemporary resources from the period 2019–2023.